bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One Flow to Correct Them all: Improving Simulations in High-Energy Physics with a Single Normalising Flow and a Switch
Authors: Daumann Caio , Donega Mauro , Erdmann Johannes , Galli Massimiliano , Späh Jan Lukas , Valsecchi Davide 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSimulated events are key ingredients in almost all high-energy physics analyses. However, imperfections in the simulation can lead to sizeable differences between the observed data and simulated events. The effects of such mismodelling on relevant observables must be corrected either effectively via scale factors, with weights or by modifying the distributions of the observables and their correlations. We introduce a correction method that transforms one multidimensional distribution (simulation) into another one (data) using a simple architecture based on a single normalising flow with a boolean condition. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on a physics-inspired toy dataset with non-trivial mismodelling of several observables and their correlations.
Removal of antibiotics from wastewater using nanoparticles-based technology: a review
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar , Habib Afraz , Hasnain Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWater is essential to support life processes on the planet earth. Industrialization, urbanization, and growing population significantly impacted the water quality due to chemicals pollution. Among chemicals contamination, antibiotics pollution degraded the freshwater quality and posed toxic effects to the environment. Nanotechnology is eco-friendly and is useful for the treatment of pollutants. The review summarizes different nanoparticles-based technologies alone or in combination with other compounds to remove antibiotics in wastewater. The influence of environmental factors i.e. temperature and pH on the removal efficiency of nanoparticles were also reviewed. The review indicated that nanoparticles in combination with metal oxides showed more efficiency > 80% than nanoparticles used alone < 60%, suggesting these methods are effective for removal of antibiotics. Laccase-HBT technology was efficient for tetracycline class of antibiotics, nano-Fe2O3 technology for penicillin class of antibiotics and nano graphene-oxide technology for fluoroquinolones class of antibiotics. Penicillin class of antibiotics removal efficiency by nanomaterials was more as compared to other classes. Zero valent iron nanoparticles performance was better in highly acidic conditions while zinc oxide nanoparticles was efficient in basic conditions. This review will help the researchers regarding knowledge depth of nanotechnology to treat antibiotics and the application of nanotechnology to treat contaminated wastewater.
History and the Development of Historical Scholarship in Africa
Authors: Arowosegbe Jeremiah O. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
How has historical scholarship fared in Africa? What is the state of decolonization and deconstruction historiography in the production of historical knowledge on the continent? What role does the state play in aiding or undermining historians’ access to official historical data and the production of historical knowledge in postcolonial Africa? This article engages these questions. It harps on the reconstruction of African intellectual history as a daunting postcolonial challenge, and argues that historians on Africa need to engage with and reexamine the development of the discipline of history in Africa in relation to the debates on decolonization and the enterprise of history-writing in the production of historical knowledge and historical scholarship across the continent. This illuminates the understanding of the history of contemporary Africa. It also throws fresh light on the continent’s remote past as a way of establishing its connections with the present. Complementary to the problems of writing the history of contemporary Africa, this work argues that to appreciate and understand the problems of history-writing on Africa, we need to focus on the development and limitations of the discipline across the institutional sites of the universities in postcolonial Africa.
Quantifying Changes in the Arctic Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effects
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Kang Sarah M. , Kim Hanjun , Taylor Patrick C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe shortwave cloud radiative effect (SWCRE) is important for the Arctic surface radiation budget and is a major source of inter‐model spread in simulating Arctic climate. To better understand the individual contributions of various radiative processes to changes in SWCRE, we extend the existing Approximate Partial Radiative Perturbation (APRP) method by adding the absorptivity for the upward beam, considering differences in reflectivity between upward and downward beams, and analyzing the cloud masking effect resulting from changes in surface albedo. Using data from CMIP model experiments, the study decomposes the SWCRE over the Arctic surface and analyzes inter‐model differences in quadrupled CO2 simulations. The study accounts for the influence of surface albedo, cloud amount, and cloud microphysics in the response of SWCRE to Arctic warming. In the sunlit season, CMIP models exhibit a strong, negative SWCRE with a large inter‐model spread. Arctic clouds dampen the surface albedo feedback by reflecting incoming solar radiation and further decrease the shortwave radiation reflected by surface, a fraction of which is scattered back to the surface by clouds. Specifically, this accounts for the majority of the inter‐model spread in SWCRE. In addition, increased (decreased) cloud amount and cloud liquid water reduce (increase) incoming shortwave fluxes at the surface, but they are found to be not critical to the Arctic surface radiation budget and its inter‐model variation. Overall, the extended APRP method offers a useful tool for analyzing the complex interactions between clouds and radiative processes, accurately decomposes the individual SWCRE responses at the Arctic surface.
Investigating Ultra‐Low Velocity Zones as Sources of PKP Scattering Beneath North America and the Western Pacific Ocean: Potential Links to Subducted Oceanic Crust
Authors: Thorne Michael S. , Pachhai Surya , Li Mingming , Ward Jamie , Rost Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeismic energy arriving before the compressional (P) wave passing through the core (PKP), called PKP precursors, have been detected for decades, but the origin of those arrivals is ambiguous. The largest amplitude arrivals are linked to scattering at small‐scale lowermost mantle structure, but because these arrivals traverse both source and receiver sides of the mantle, it is unknown which side of the path the energy is scattered from. To address this ambiguity, we apply a new seismic array method to analyze PKP waveforms from 58 earthquakes recorded in North America that allows localization of the origin of the PKP precursors at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). We compare these measurements with high frequency 2.5‐D synthetic predictions showing that the PKP precursors are most likely associated with ultra‐low velocity zone structures beneath the western Pacific and North America. The most feasible scenario to generate ULVZs in both locations is through melting of mid‐ocean ridge basalt in subducted oceanic crust.
What Can Hurricane Sam (2021) Tell Us About Extreme Ocean Waves Under Tropical Cyclones?
Authors: Zhao X. , Oruba L. , Hauser D. , Zhang B. , Dormy E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the ocean wave field under Hurricane Sam (2021). Whilst measurements of waves under Tropical Cyclones are rare, an unusually large number of quality in situ and remote measurements are available in that case. First, we highlight the good consistency between the wave spectra provided by the Surface Waves Investigation and Monitoring (SWIM) instrument onboard the China‐France Oceanography SATellite, the in situ spectra measured by National Data Buoy Center buoys, and a saildrone. The impact of strong rains on SWIM spectra is then further investigated. We show that whereas the rain definitely affects the normalized radar cross section, both the innovative technology (beam rotating scanning geometry) and the post‐processing processes applied to retrieve the 2D wave spectra ensure a good quality of the resulting wave spectra, even in heavy rain conditions. On this basis, the satellite, airborne and in situ observations are confronted to the analytical model proposed by Kudryavtsev et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011284). We show that an extended fetch mechanism may be invoked to explain the large significant wave height observed in the right front quadrant of Hurricane Sam.
Intense Changes in the Main Source of Organic Carbon to the Gulf Coastal Plain Following the Cretaceous‐Paleogene Boundary
Authors: Sosa‐Montes de Oca C. , Witts J. D. , Lowery C. M. , Kearns L. E. , Garb M. P. , Naujokaityte J. , Myers C. E. , Landman N. H. , Pancost R. D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo explore both environmental change and the response of non‐fossilizing phytoplankton across the Cretaceous‐Paleogene (K‐Pg) boundary mass extinction event, we determined changes in organic matter (OM) sources using a range of apolar (n‐alkanes, acyclic isoprenoids, steranes, and hopanes) and polar (BIT index) biomarkers. We analyzed two K‐Pg proximal sections, located in the Mississippi Embayment, Gulf Coastal Plain (USA), covering ∼300 kyrs prior to and ∼3 myrs after the K‐Pg event. The OM abundance and composition changed dramatically across the boundary. The post‐impact ejecta layer and burrowed unit are characterized by an increase in the mass accumulation rate (MAR) of plant and soil biomarkers, including high‐molecular‐weight n‐alkanes and C29 steranes as well as the BIT index, related to an erosive period which transported terrestrial OM to the ocean in the aftermath of the impact event. At the same time, MARs of putative aquatic biomarkers decrease (low‐molecular‐weight n‐alkanes, C27 steranes and pristane and phytane), which suggests a collapse of the marine phytoplankton community. The increase of terrestrial OM to the ocean, during the first 280 kyrs after the Chicxulub impact event, is a combination of reworked kerogen, soil and some plant material. Crucially, within the latter part of this erosion period, only ∼160 kyrs after the K‐Pg do biomarkers return to distributions similar to those in the upper Cretaceous, although not to pre‐impact MARs. Thus, our results suggest a long‐term interval for the full sedimentary and ecological recovery of the non‐fossilizing phytoplankton community after this event.
Drought Characterization With GPS: Insights Into Groundwater and Surface‐Reservoir Storage in California
Authors: Young Zachary M. , Martens Hilary R. , Hoylman Zachary H. , Gardner W. Payton 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrought intensity is commonly characterized using meteorologically‐based metrics that do not provide insight into water deficits within deeper hydrologic systems. In contrast, global positioning system (GPS) displacements are sensitive to both local and regional hydrologic‐storage fluctuations. While a few studies have leveraged this sensitivity to produce geodetic drought indices, hydrologic drought characterization using GPS is not commonly accounted for in drought assessment and management. To motivate this application, we produce a new geodetic drought index (GDI) and quantify its ability to characterize hydrologic drought conditions in key surface and sub‐surface hydrologic reservoirs/pools across California. In northern California, the GDI exhibits a strong regional association with surface‐reservoir storage at the 1‐month time scale (correlation coefficient: 0.83) and groundwater levels at the 3‐month time scale (correlation coefficient: 0.87), along with moderate associations with stream discharge at the daily (instantaneous) time scale (correlation coefficient: 0.50). Groundwater in southern California is best characterized with a 12‐month GDI (correlation coefficient: 0.77), and surface‐reservoir storage is optimized with the 3‐month GDI (correlation coefficient: 0.72). Two sigma uncertainties are ±0.03. Differences between northern and southern California reveal that the GDI is sensitive to unique aquifer and drainage basin characteristics. In addition to capturing long‐term hydrologic trends, rapid changes in the GDI initiate during clusters of large atmospheric river events that closely mirror fluctuations in traditional hydrologic and meteorological observations. We show that GPS‐based hydrologic drought indices provide a significant opportunity to improve drought assessment, in California and beyond, by improving our understanding of the hydrologic cycle.
Fetal behavior and gestational serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure: relationships between behavior, drug dosage, plasma drug level, and a measure of drug bioeffect
Authors: Salisbury Amy L. , Anderson George M. , Yang Amy , Stika Catherine S. , Rasmussen-Torvik Laura J. , Gollan Jacqueline K. , Wisner Katherine L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDetermination of the relationships between drug dosage, maternal and infant (cord blood) plasma drug concentrations, and serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) bioeffect on offspring neurobehavior is crucial to assessing the effects of gestational SRI exposure. Measurement of maternal and cord blood platelet serotonin (5-HT) provides an index of inhibitory bioeffect at the 5-HT transporter and complements other measures of drug exposure. Three groups of mother-infant pairs were evaluated: (1) mothers with depression untreated with SRIs (DEP, n = 17), (2) mothers treated for depression with SRIs (DEP + SRI, n = 17), and (3) mothers who were not depressed and untreated (ND, n = 29). Fetal movement was assessed using a standardized ultrasound imaging and rating protocol. Maternal and cord blood platelet 5-HT levels were obtained from all participants. For the SRI + DEP group, maternal and infant plasma drug concentrations and an estimate of third-trimester maternal SRI drug exposure were obtained. As expected, substantially lower median platelet 5-HT levels were observed in the DEP + SRI group than in the non-exposed, combined ND and DEP groups. In non-exposed mothers and infants, platelet 5-HT levels were not affected by the presence of maternal depression. Lower maternal and infant platelet 5-HT levels were associated with more immature fetal movement quality. Although these data are limited by small sample size, the bioeffect index of in vivo platelet 5-HT transporter inhibition appears to provide a valuable approach for elucidating and possibly predicting the effects of gestational SRI exposure on fetal and perinatal neurobehavior.
A pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern on disease activity, symptoms and microbiota profile in adults with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Marsh Abigail , Chachay Veronique , Banks Merrilyn , Okano Satomi , Hartel Gunter , Radford-Smith Graham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background/Objectives
There is a lack of certainty in dietary prescription for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to heterogeneity in studies to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy on disease activity of a modified anti-inflammatory dietary pattern purposely designed to reduce intake of food additives (IBD-MAID), compared to standard care, in adults with IBD.

Subject/Methods
Adults with IBD were randomised to IBD-MAID (meals provided) [n = 29] or general healthy eating (GHE) [n = 29] for 8 weeks. Disease activity, faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), symptoms, and quality of life (S&QOL) were assessed using validated tools.

Results
The IBD-MAID was well tolerated and adhered to (92% adherence). At week 8, there was no statistically significant difference in change from baseline in outcome measures between groups. However, baseline to week 8 analysis indicated: (1) statistically significant improvements in S (p = 0.001) & QOL (p = 0.004), FC (p = 0.007), and Crohn’s disease activity (p = 0.03) but not ulcerative colitis, in individuals following the IBD-MAID and (2) statistically significant improvement in QOL in individuals receiving GHE (p = 0.015). Correlation analysis on change from baseline to week 8 revealed a greater decrease in food additives intake was associated with statistically significant improvements in FC, S & QOL and alignment of anti-inflammatory dietary principles with improvements in QOL.

Conclusion
The IBD-MAID was well tolerated. The most novel finding pertains to the correlation between reduced food additives intake and improvements in inflammatory markers, S&QOL. Further research is needed to explore the effects of food additives exposure on IBD course.

Trial registration
12619001500145
Human tactile sensing and sensorimotor mechanism: from afferent tactile signals to efferent motor control
Authors: Wei Yuyang , Marshall Andrew G. , McGlone Francis P. , Makdani Adarsh , Zhu Yiming , Yan Lingyun , Ren Lei , Wei Guowu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn tactile sensing, decoding the journey from afferent tactile signals to efferent motor commands is a significant challenge primarily due to the difficulty in capturing population-level afferent nerve signals during active touch. This study integrates a finite element hand model with a neural dynamic model by using microneurography data to predict neural responses based on contact biomechanics and membrane transduction dynamics. This research focuses specifically on tactile sensation and its direct translation into motor actions. Evaluations of muscle synergy during in -vivo experiments revealed transduction functions linking tactile signals and muscle activation. These functions suggest similar sensorimotor strategies for grasping influenced by object size and weight. The decoded transduction mechanism was validated by restoring human-like sensorimotor performance on a tendon-driven biomimetic hand. This research advances our understanding of translating tactile sensation into motor actions, offering valuable insights into prosthetic design, robotics, and the development of next-generation prosthetics with neuromorphic tactile feedback.
Fast imaging of millimeter-scale areas with beam deflection transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zheng Zhihao , Own Christopher S. , Wanner Adrian A. , Koene Randal A. , Hammerschmith Eric W. , Silversmith William M. , Kemnitz Nico , Lu Ran , Tank David W. , Seung H. Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSerial section transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has proven to be one of the leading methods for millimeter-scale 3D imaging of brain tissues at nanoscale resolution. It is important to further improve imaging efficiency to acquire larger and more brain volumes. We report here a threefold increase in the speed of TEM by using a beam deflecting mechanism to enable highly efficient acquisition of multiple image tiles (nine) for each motion of the mechanical stage. For millimeter-scale areas, the duty cycle of imaging doubles to more than 30%, yielding a net average imaging rate of 0.3 gigapixels per second. If fully utilized, an array of four beam deflection TEMs should be capable of imaging a dataset of cubic millimeter scale in five weeks.
Homing gene drives can transfer rapidly between Anopheles gambiae strains with minimal carryover of flanking sequences
Authors: Pescod Poppy , Bevivino Giulia , Anthousi Amalia , Shepherd Josephine , Shelton Ruth , Lombardo Fabrizio , Nolan Tony 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 homing gene drives are designed to induce a targeted double-stranded DNA break at a wild type allele (‘recipient’), which, when repaired by the host cell, is converted to the drive allele from the homologous (‘donor’) chromosome. Germline localisation of this process leads to super-Mendelian inheritance of the drive and the rapid spread of linked traits, offering a novel strategy for population control through the deliberate release of drive individuals. During the homology-based DNA repair, additional segments of the recipient chromosome may convert to match the donor, potentially impacting carrier fitness and strategy success. Using Anopheles gambiae strains with variations around the drive target site, here we assess the extent and nature of chromosomal conversion. We show both homing and meiotic drive contribute as mechanisms of inheritance bias. Additionally, over 80% of homing events resolve within 50 bp of the chromosomal break, enabling rapid gene drive transfer into locally-adapted genetic backgrounds.
An image-based screen for secreted proteins involved in breast cancer G0 cell cycle arrest
Authors: Weston William A. , Holt Jordan A. , Wiecek Anna J. , Pilling James , Schiavone Lovisa Holmberg , Smith David M. , Secrier Maria , Barr Alexis R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSecreted proteins regulate the balance between cellular proliferation and G0 arrest and therefore play important roles in tumour dormancy. Tumour dormancy presents a significant clinical challenge for breast cancer patients, where non-proliferating, G0-arrested cancer cells remain at metastatic sites, below the level of clinical detection, some of which can re-enter proliferation and drive tumour relapse. Knowing which secreted proteins can regulate entry into and exit from G0 allows us to manipulate their signalling to prevent tumour relapse. To identify novel secreted proteins that can promote breast cancer G0 arrest, we performed a secretome-wide, image-based screen for proteins that increase the fraction of cells in G0 arrest. From a secretome library of 1282 purified proteins, we identified 29 candidates that promote G0 arrest in non-transformed and transformed breast epithelial cells. The assay we have developed can be adapted for use in other perturbation screens in other cell types. All datasets have been made available for re-analysis and our candidate proteins are presented for alternative bioinformatic refinement or further experimental follow up.
IrCytoToxDB: a dataset of iridium(III) complexes cytotoxicities against various cell lines
Authors: Krasnov Lev , Tatarin Sergei , Smirnov Daniil , Bezzubov Stanislav 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIridium(III) complexes nowadays became rising stars in various health-related applications. Thus, there is a necessity to assess cytotoxicity of the synthesized molecules against cancer/normal cell lines. In this report, we present a dataset of 2694 experimental cytotoxicity values of 803 iridium complexes against 127 different cell lines. We specify the experimental conditions and provide representation of the complexes molecules in machine-readable format. The dataset provides a starting point for exploration of new iridium-based cellular probes and opens new possibilities for predictions of toxicities and data-driven generation of new organometallic anticancer agents.