bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intranasal budesonide irrigations on intraocular pressure
Authors: Seiberling Kristin A. , Chang Dennis F. , Nyirady Janice , Park Francine , Church Christopher A. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundIntranasal and oral corticosteroids are widely used in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Higher‐dose topical nasal steroids (HDTNS) such as budesonide irrigations are increasingly used for long‐term maintenance in these patients. Oral steroids have the potential to cause increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. It is unclear whether HDTNS have the same potential. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of intranasal budesonide irrigations on IOP.MethodsTwo groups of patients with CRSwNP treated with budesonide irrigations were prospectively enrolled. Patients with history of elevated IOP or glaucoma were excluded. Patients in group 1 had been using budesonide for at least 1 month and had IOP measured once at the time of enrollment. Group 2 consisted of patients who were placed on budesonide at the time of enrollment and had IOP measured both before and after at least 4 weeks of therapy.ResultsTen patients in group 1 and 8 patients in group 2 completed the study. In group 1, the average duration of therapy at enrollment was 6.3 months (1–22 months). Only 1 patient had a single eye pressure above 21 mmHg. None of the patients in group 2 had a significant change in IOP or IOP over 21 mmHg.ConclusionIntranasal budesonide irrigations given for a period of at least 1 month do not appear to increase IOP.
Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease in the community
Authors: Petersen Ronald C. , Aisen Paul , Boeve Bradley F. , Geda Yonas E. , Ivnik Robert J. , Knopman David S. , Mielke Michelle , Pankratz Vernon S. , Roberts Rosebud , Rocca Walter A. , Weigand Stephen , Weiner Michael , Wiste Heather , Jack Clifford R. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe newly proposed National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer disease (AD) suggest a combination of clinical features and biomarker measures, but their performance in the community is not known.MethodsThe Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (MCSA) is a population‐based longitudinal study of nondemented subjects in Olmsted County, Minnesota. A sample of 154 MCI subjects from the MCSA was compared to a sample of 58 amnestic MCI subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 1 (ADNI‐1) to assess the applicability of the criteria in both settings and to assess their outcomes.ResultsFourteen percent of MCSA and 16% of ADNI‐1 of subjects were biomarker negative. In addition, 14% of MCSA and 12% of ADNI‐1 subjects had evidence for amyloid deposition only, whereas 43% of MCSA and 55% of ADNI‐1 subjects had evidence for amyloid deposition plus neurodegeneration (magnetic resonance imaging atrophy, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography hypometabolism, or both). However, a considerable number of subjects had biomarkers inconsistent with the proposed AD model; for example, 29% of MCSA subjects and 17% of ADNI‐1 subjects had evidence for neurodegeneration without amyloid deposition. These subjects may not be on an AD pathway. Neurodegeneration appears to be a key factor in predicting progression relative to amyloid deposition alone.InterpretationThe NIA‐AA criteria apply to most MCI subjects in both the community and clinical trials settings; however, a sizeable proportion of subjects had conflicting biomarkers, which may be very important and need to be explored. Ann Neurol 2013;74:199–208
Rigid polyurethane foams modified with selected layered silicate nanofillers
Authors: Danowska Magdalena , Piszczyk Łukasz , Strankowski Michał , Gazda Maria , Haponiuk Józef T. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different nanofillers on the properties of rigid polyurethane foams, which were prepared by a one‐step, laboratory‐scale method from a two‐component system at the ratio of NCO groups to OH groups equaled to 2. The reaction mixture consisted of the proper amounts of the commercial oligoether polyol, catalysts, water, nanoclays, and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Three types of montmorillonite were used as clay component, i.e., montmorillonite modified by methyl tallow bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl ammonium (Cloisite®30B), a synthetic layered silicate (Laponite®RD), and an aluminium phyllosilicate absorbent, essentially impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite (Bentonite). Thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foams and nanocomposite foams were investigated by dynamical thermal analysis, thermogravimetry, oxygen index, and thermal conductivity measurements. It has been shown that the foams modified by selected nanofillers are characterized by high mechanical strength, as well as improved fire barrier properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2272–2281, 2013
Short range dispersal by a rare, obligate freshwater crustacean Triops cancriformis (Bosc)
Authors: Adams C.E. , Griffin L.R. , Benzies E. , Aherne D. , Bean C.W. , Dodd J. , Fairlamb D. , Maitland P.S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Ephemeral freshwater ponds are highly discrete, limiting dispersal for obligate freshwater species and creating disjunct distributions.
The rare, freshwater, ephemeral pond dwelling, brachiopod crustacean, Triops cancriformis (Bosc) exhibits a highly disjunct spatial distribution across the UK.
This study examined 86 potentially suitable habitats for the resting cysts of this species on the north coast of the Solway estuary, south‐west Scotland, to address two hypotheses:

that there are populations of this species that, because of their unusual life history, remain undetected.
that this species is able to disperse over distances of several kilometres.
Incubation of sediment samples demonstrated the presence of T. cancriformis at two previously unknown sites. One further serendipitous discovery of adults at another site is also reported, bringing to eight the number of discrete ponds where this species has been recorded on the north Solway coast since 1907.
Only five natural populations are probably extant in the UK (with a sixth introduced population still extant). Four of these are on the Solway coast suggesting that this area is a conservation hotspot.
The inference from the spatial and temporal pattern of records of T. cancriformis from the Solway coast is that this species is able to disperse between discrete habitat patches over distances of at least several kilometres and successfully colonize new sites.
The mechanisms of this dispersal are unknown but transfer of material during floods or on the feet of deer, livestock, humans, waterfowl, or on farm machinery are all highly possible. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The chiral bioconversion and preclinical pharmacokinetic analysis of (R)‐(+)‐rabeprazole in beagle dogs by HPLC and HPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Gao Yan‐hui , Xu Jia‐xing , Su Zhong‐xue , Song Li , Lou Hong‐xiang 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to accurately investigate the preclinical pharmacokinetics of (R)‐(+)‐rabeprazole sodium injection, a reliable high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed using a Chiral‐AGP column to prove that there is no chiral bioconversion of (R)‐(+)‐rabeprazole to (S)‐(−)‐rabeprazole in beagle dogs after single intravenous administration of (R)‐(+)‐rabeprazole sodium injection. An HPLC–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) method for analysis of (R)‐(+)‐rabeprazole was developed and validated, and used to acquire the pharmacokinetic parameters in beagle dogs. (R)‐(+)‐Rabeprazole and internal standard omeprazole were extracted from plasma samples by protein precipitation and separated on a C18 column using methanol–5 mm ammonium acetate as mobile phase. Detection was performed using a turbo‐spray ionization source and mass spectrometric positive multi‐reaction monitoring mode. The linear relationship was achieved in the range from 2.5 to 5000 ng/mL. The method also afforded satisfactory results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, precision, accuracy and recovery as well as the stability of the analyte under various conditions, and was successfully applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study in beagle dogs after single intravenous administrations of (R)‐(+)‐rabeprazole sodium injection at 0.33, 2 and 6 mg/kg. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 Capture and Desulfurization in Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal with a CaSO4 Oxygen Carrier
Authors: Zhang S. , Xiao R. , Yang Y. , Chen L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractChemical looping combustion (CLC) of coal along with desulfurization was investigated in a fixed‐bed reactor with anhydrite as oxygen carrier and CaO and CaCO3 as desulfurizers, regarding the influence of temperature, pressure, mass ratio of coal to CaSO4, and Ca/S ratio. CO2 concentration and fuel conversion increased with higher temperature and pressure but decreased with higher mass ratios of coal to CaSO4. Approximately 94 % outlet CO2 concentration and 83 % carbon conversion could be achieved under optimum operating conditions. Desulfurization tests proved the higher desulfurization efficiencies of both CaO and CaCO3 at elevated temperatures and pressures. CaO performed better than CaCO3, and an optimum value of Ca/S ratio existed for CaO. These findings demonstrate a good performance of anhydrite as oxygen carrier and the promising prospects of desulfurization in CLC of coal.
Space‐Time Resonances and the Null Condition for First‐Order Systems of Wave Equations
Authors: Pusateri Fabio , Shatah Jalal 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this manuscript we prove global existence and linear asymptotic behavior of small solutions to nonlinear wave equations. We assume that the quadratic part of the nonlinearity satisfies a nonresonance condition that is a generalization of the null condition given by Klainerman. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Cell‐Penetrating S‐Galactosyl–Oligoarginine Peptides as Inducers of Recombinant Protein Expression under the Control of lac Operator/Repressor Systems
Authors: Mizuta Yukina , Takasu Akinori , Higuchi Masahiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of glycodendrimers and glycopoly(oxazoline)s as inducers of recombinant protein expression has recently been reported; however, these compounds induced the expression of only small amounts of the green fluorescence protein (GFP), which was used as the model recombinant protein, because of their poor ability to penetrate the Escherichia coli cell membrane. Therefore, S‐galactosyl–oligo(Arg) conjugates have now been synthesized to overcome this problem. Following in vivo expression of GFP induced by each of the S‐galactosyl (Arg)n constructs (n=5, 6, 8) at the T5 promoter in E. coli for 18 hours, we visually observed that the cultures fluoresced green light when excited with UV light. The fluorescent intensities for these cultures were greater than that found for a control culture, which indicates that the peptides had induced GFP expression. Quantitative fluorescent measurements also supported the observations that the peptides were better inducers of GFP expression than the galactosyl dendrimers and the poly(oxazoline)s and the natural inducer lactose. Because the level of GFP expression was directly related to the number of arginine moieties in each peptide, we propose that the number of arginine moieties is responsible for how well each peptide passes through the E. coli membrane, which affects the expression level. A similar tendency was observed when the T7 promoter was placed upstream from the gene for an artificial extracellular matrix protein and the S‐Gal–oligo(Arg) peptides were used as inducers. To assess how the distance between two galactosyl moieties as well as how the multivalent effect (cluster effect) in an oligo(Arg) inducer affects the expression level of GFP, we synthesized a conjugate of Lys(Arg)8 (Lys=lysine) and two S‐galactosyls, which enhanced the expression of GFP in comparison with that obtained for S‐Gal(Arg)8.
A Clinical Treatment Intervention for Dysphoria: Externalizing Metaphors Therapy
Authors: McGuinty Everett , Armstrong David , Carrière Anne‐Marie 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this article is to explore a novel, short‐term treatment intervention for internalizing behaviours. This intervention is primarily based upon an externalizing process, transforming of metaphoric imagery, and shifting of underlying maladaptive emotional schemas. This article addresses the clinical population of children and youth, specifically through outlining the protocol, externalizing metaphors therapy. A selective review of significant works regarding the efficacy of short‐term therapy was conducted, including the process of change within narrative therapy. It is proposed that two specific processes account for the mental health change experienced by clients who receive this new treatment intervention: (1) externalization of problems and (2) purposeful client‐generated metaphor manipulation, impacting upon underlying schemas. From these theoretical constructs, the present article outlines a three‐session treatment protocol that manualizes these key clinical processes. A case study is presented to illustrate this intervention for anxiety and depression. Further clinical research is underway to address the testable hypotheses resulting from the current theoretical model. Clinical trials in brief psychotherapy are suggested to empirically evaluate the efficacy of this new treatment intervention for dysphoria. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGEThis article outlines a short‐term treatment intervention for anxiety and depression (dysphoira) through a novel 3‐session model, where the clinician‐practitioner can obtain competency through a one‐day workshop.Its relevance for the clinical researcher and the mental health community is in its versatility in addressing internalizing behavior for four clinical populations: (1) children and adolescents; (2) children and adolescents on the autism spectrum; (3) adults in general; and, (4) adults with a dual‐diagnosis.The treatment protocol described within is based upon the externalizing and deconstructive properties of Narrative Therapy, and the transformation of metaphoric imagery of Metaphor Therapy; both of which have little empirical support with narrative practices gaining international attention and widespread usage ‐ through brief therapy, long‐term therapy, and walk‐in clinics in North America.For the first time, the theoretical constructs of the 3‐session model are described and a case example illustrates the interlinking concepts.
No evidence of sperm conjugate formation in an Australian mouse bearing sperm with three hooks
Authors: Firman Renée C. , Bentley Blair , Bowman Faye , Marchant Fernando García‐Solís , Parthenay Jahmila , Sawyer Jessica , Stewart Tom , O'Shea James E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSperm conjugation occurs when two or more sperm physically unite for motility or transport through the female reproductive tract. In many muroid rodent species, sperm conjugates have been shown to form by a single, conspicuous apical hook located on the sperm head. These sperm “trains” have been reported to be highly variable in size and, despite all the heads pointing in roughly the same direction, exhibit a relatively disordered arrangement. In some species, sperm “trains” have been shown to enhance sperm swimming speed, and thus have been suggested to be advantageous in sperm competition. Here, we assessed the behavior of sperm in the sandy inland mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis), a muroid rodent that bears sperm with three apical hooks. First, we accrued genetic evidence of multiple paternity within “wild” litters to unequivocally show that sperm competition does occur in this species. Following this we utilized both in vitro and in vivo methodologies to determine whether sandy inland mouse sperm conjugate to form motile trains. Our observations of in vitro preparations of active sperm revealed that sandy inland mouse sperm exhibit rapid, progressive motility as individual cells only. Similarly, histological sections of the reproductive tracts of mated females revealed no in vivo evidence of sperm conjugate formation. We conclude that the unique, three‐hooked morphology of the sandy inland mouse sperm does not facilitate the formation of motile conjugates, and discuss our findings in relation to the different hypotheses for the evolution of the muroid rodent hook/s.
Synthesis of Unsaturated Diesters of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Diols Derived from Dimethyl (+)‐Tartrate and Galactaric­ Acid
Authors: Scoccia Jimena , Gerbino Darío C. , Terraza Victor F. , Zúñiga Adriana E. , Podestá Julio C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe preparation of symmetrical unsaturated diesters of dioe first was the reaction of mixed anhydrides, obtained from α,β‐unsaturated acids and benzoyl chloride, with diols 3 (primary), 5 (secondary), and 7 (primary), i.e., Yamaguchi–SantaLucía's method, however only the symmetrical diacrylates of diols 5 and 7 were obtained quantitatively. In the other ten cases studied the reactions led to mixtures of symmetrical and unsymmetrical diesters that were difficult to separate. The mixed anhydrides did not react with the tertiary diols 4 (TADDOL) and 8. The average yield obtained in desired symmetrical diesters in the 12 cases studied was 54 %. The acylation of the diols with the anhydrides of the unsaturated acids, was found to be an excellent method, leading to the symmetrical unsaturated diesters of diols 3, 5, 7 as the only products of reaction, in an average yield of 83 %. Unfortunately, the method could not be applied to diesters derived from the tertiary diols 4 (TADDOL) and 8. The third method studied was the reaction between the alkoxides prepared with solutions of nBuLi in ether with the unsaturated acid chlorides at –50 °C, i.e., the Kaiser–Woodruff protocol. This was found to be the best of the three methods tested. The method was applied with success to the synthesis of the desired unsaturated diesters derived from diols 3–5, 7, and 8. The average yield of the 19 cases studied was 78 %.
Conditional spectrum‐based ground motion selection. Part II: Intensity‐based assessments and evaluation of alternative target spectra
Authors: Lin Ting , Haselton Curt B. , Baker Jack W. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn a companion paper, an overview and problem definition was presented for ground motion selection on the basis of the conditional spectrum (CS), to perform risk‐based assessments (which estimate the annual rate of exceeding a specified structural response amplitude) for a 20‐story reinforced concrete frame structure. Here, the methodology is repeated for intensity‐based assessments (which estimate structural response for ground motions with a specified intensity level) to determine the effect of conditioning period. Additionally, intensity‐based and risk‐based assessments are evaluated for two other possible target spectra, specifically the uniform hazard spectrum (UHS) and the conditional mean spectrum (CMS, without variability).It is demonstrated for the structure considered that the choice of conditioning period in the CS can substantially impact structural response estimates in an intensity‐based assessment. When used for intensity‐based assessments, the UHS typically results in equal or higher median estimates of structural response than the CS; the CMS results in similar median estimates of structural response compared with the CS but exhibits lower dispersion because of the omission of variability. The choice of target spectrum is then evaluated for risk‐based assessments, showing that the UHS results in overestimation of structural response hazard, whereas the CMS results in underestimation. Additional analyses are completed for other structures to confirm the generality of the conclusions here. These findings have potentially important implications both for the intensity‐based seismic assessments using the CS in future building codes and the risk‐based seismic assessments typically used in performance‐based earthquake engineering applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out‐of‐plane behaviour of a full scale stone masonry façade. Part 1: specimen and ground motion selection
Authors: Costa Alexandre A. , Arêde António , Campos Costa Alfredo , Penna Andrea , Costa Aníbal 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe out‐of‐plane response of walls in existing stone masonry buildings is one of the major causes of vulnerability commonly observed in post‐earthquake damage surveys. In this context, a shaking table (ST) test campaign was carried out on a full‐scale masonry façade mainly focusing on the characterization of its out‐of‐plane overturning behaviour. The structure tested on the ST is a partial reproduction of an existing building from Azores, damaged during the 9 July 1998 Faial earthquake. The definition of the tested specimen as well as the selection of the input ground motion is reported in this paper. A specific emphasis is given to the definition of the time‐history to be applied during the tests because it was felt as an essential and crucial part of the work to obtain the desired overturning behaviour. The accelerogram to be imposed was selected from a large set of accelerograms (74) by means of a step‐by‐step procedure on the basis of several numerical analyses resorting to the rocking response of rigid blocks. A companion paper (Part 2) focuses on the ST test results and detailed data interpretation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking landscape morphological complexity and sediment connectivity
Authors: Baartman Jantiene E. M. , Masselink Rens , Keesstra Saskia D. , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTConnectivity relates to the coupling of landforms (e.g. hillslopes and channels) and the transfer of water and sediment between them. The degree to which parts of a catchment are connected depends largely on the morphological complexity of the catchment's landscape. Landscapes can have very different and distinct morphologies, such as terraces, V‐shaped valleys or broad floodplains. The objective of this study is to better understand and quantify the relation between landscape complexity and catchment connectivity. We hypothesize that connectivity decreases with increasing landscape morphological complexity. To quantify the connectivity–complexity relationship virtual digital elevation models (DEMs) with distinct morphologies were used as inputs into the landscape evolution model LAPSUS to simulate the sediment connectivity of each landscape. Additionally, the hypothesis was tested on six common real DEMs with widely different morphologies. Finally, the effects of different rainfall time series on catchment response were explored. Simulation results confirm the hypothesis and quantify the non‐linear relation. Results from the exploration of sediment connectivity in response to sequences of rainfall events indicate that feedback between erosion and deposition are more important for certain landscape morphologies than for others: for a given rainfall input, a more effective sediment connectivity and erosion response may be expected from rolling or V‐shaped catchments than from dissected or stepped landscapes. Awareness of the differences in the behaviour and response of different morphologies to catchment processes provides valuable information for the effective management of landscapes and ecosystems through efficiently designed soil and water conservation measures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.