bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Evaluation of Day‐to‐Day Clinical Pharmacists’ Interventions in German Hospitals
Authors: Langebrake Claudia , Ihbe‐Heffinger Angela , Leichenberg Katja , Kaden Sandra , Kunkel Mareike , Lueb Michael , Hilgarth Heike , Hohmann Carina 
Published: April 2015

Study ObjectiveTo describe and evaluate the extent and diversity of nationwide data from clinical pharmacists’ interventions (PIs) in German hospitals.DesignRetrospective analysis.Data SourceThe ADKA‐DokuPIK German database, a national anonymous self‐reported Internet‐based documentation system for routine PIs as well as for medication errors reported by German hospital pharmacists.Measurements and Main ResultsData sets from ADKA‐DokuPIK entered between January 2009 and December 2012 were analyzed descriptively. A total of 27,610 PIs were entered, mainly by ward‐based clinical pharmacists (82.5%). Most of the PIs were performed on surgical wards (37.8%), followed by anesthesiology/intensive care unit/intermediate care unit and internal medicine. The most prevalent therapeutic subgroup that was the trigger for the PIs was antibacterials for systemic use (13.9%), followed by antithrombotic agents, analgesics, drugs for acid‐related disorders, and agents acting on the renin‐angiotensin system. About a quarter of interventions (23.4%) were performed due to inappropriate use of drugs, followed by use of a wrong dose or administration interval (22.1%), resulting in the most frequently taken actions of change of dose, change of drug, and drug stopped/paused (withheld). Altogether, the implementation rate of the PIs was 85.5%. Underlying medication errors were predominantly classified as “error, no harm” according to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention.ConclusionFor the first time in a European country, our findings show the scope of clinical pharmacist involvement in patient care in daily clinical practice and demonstrate the usefulness and importance of their proactive interventions in the prevention of hazards and risks for hospital inpatients.
A new route to atactic polypropylene: The second life of premetallocene homogeneous polymerization catalyst
Authors: Kissin Yury V. , Rishina Laura A. , Lalayan Svetlana S. , Krasheninnikov Vadim G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAmorphous atactic polypropylene (PP) with an average molecular weight of 50,000–100,000 is produced by polymerizing propylene with a ternary Ti(Oiso‐Pr)4 ‐ AlEt2Cl/MgBu2 catalyst at 30–50 °С. Main advantages of this catalyst compared with other catalysts capable of nearly exclusively producing atactic PP (such as some heterogeneous Ziegler‐Natta, metallocene and postmetallocene catalysts) are high activity, low cost and the ease of use: the catalyst is prepared in situ from three commercially available compounds readily soluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2124–2131
Pediatric Pulmonology year in review 2014: Part 1
Authors: Noah Terry L. , Yilmaz Ozge , Nicolai Thomas , Birnkrant David , Praud Jean‐Paul 
Published: April 2015

SummaryOur discipline and our journal cover an extremely broad range of research and scholarly topics related to children's respiratory disorders. To better meet the needs of our readership for updated perspectives on the rapidly expanding knowledge in our field, we here summarize the past year's publications in our major topic areas, as well as selected publications in these areas from the core clinical journal literature outside our own pages. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:621–629. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combining field observations and laboratory experiments to assess the ecological preferences ofTanymastix stagnalis(L., 1758) (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in Mediterranean temporary ponds
Authors: Olmo Carla , Fandos Déborah , Armengol Xavier , Ortells Raquel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMalladas de El Saler is a mosaic of dune slacks scattered along a coastal sand bar in the Mediterranean region. Active populations of the fairy shrimpT. stagnalisare exclusively present in one of these ponds. We combined field observations and laboratory experiments to find the ecological requirements ofT. stagnalisthat determine this habitat exclusiveness and the possibility of future establishment in nearby ponds. Conductivity revealed as a determinant ecological constraint. In the field, the species was restricted to conductivity levels below 1.28 mS cm−1and in experimental microcosms, hatchability, survival and reproductive potential were detrimental from 2.9 mS cm−1. The observation of life history characteristics from the experimental individuals confirmed the importance of the unpredictable character of Mediterranean temporary ponds in shaping life history strategies, as they hatched early, matured rapidly and produced a high number of cysts. We discuss the essential steps during colonization that may explain the presence or absence in our ponds, and revealed a harsh future for the species if the current conditions of habitat deterioration persist. We suggest several conservation measures, including a cyst bank storage or/and adult translocations to nearby suitable ponds. These measures will ensure (1) the preservation of genetic diversity and (2) healthy metapopulation dynamics with recolonization rates compensating for local extinctions.
Improvement of Palm Oil Biodiesel Filterability by Adsorption Methods
Authors: Plata Vladimir , Haagenson Darrin , Dağdelen Ayhan , Wiesenborn Dennis , Kafarov Viatcheslav 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPalm oil biodiesel (POB) is characterized by a very high cold soak filtration time (CSFT), which places the acceptability of this biofuel at risk. Therefore, the effect of four adsorbents, namely diatomaceous earth, natural silicate (NS), neutral bleaching earth (NBE), and acid activated bleaching earth (AABE), at two levels of addition (1 and 5 wt%) or two temperatures (25 and 110 °C) on the precipitate content and CSFT of POB was investigated. The impact on total glycerin content, moisture content, and oxidative stability was also examined. All treatments significantly decreased the precipitate content, total glycerin content, and moisture content, but only treatments with NS, NBE, and AABE at 5 wt% and 25 °C achieved acceptable filterability. The OSI value was also decreased; however, it remained above the ASTM limit. Operational conditions of treatment with AABE were further optimized in a two‐factor, five‐level center composite design. The combination of 0.65 wt% AABE and 10 min at 25 °C decreased CSFT to below the ASTM limit. Lower adsorbent concentrations could be effective down to 0.44 wt%, given a corresponding increase in the contact time up to 30 min.
Additional information gained by positron emission tomography with 68Ga-DOTATOC for suspected unknown primary or recurrent neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Nakamoto Yuji , Sano Kohei , Ishimori Takayoshi , Ueda Masashi , Temma Takashi , Saji Hideo , Togashi Kaori 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Objective
Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using 68Ga-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid-d-Phe1-Tyr3-octreotide (DOTATOC) has been used to detect neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of DOTATOC-PET/CT for detecting clinically suspected NETs when conventional imaging modalities were negative or inconclusive, in terms of additional value.

Methods
A total of 46 patients were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 14 patients underwent a DOTATOC-PET/CT scan for detecting unknown primary tumors after histopathological confirmation of a NET at metastatic sites (group A): 7 patients for detecting metastasis or recurrence after surgery for NET because of their high hormone levels but with no recurrence detected by other imaging modalities (group B); the remaining 25 patients for detecting suspected NETs because their hormone levels were high with no history of histopathologically proven NET (group C). Additional information was assessed, according to each situation.

Results
In group A, unknown primary tumors were suspected by DOTATOC-PET/CT in 8 of 14 patients (gastrointestinal/pancreatic NET in 7 patients, prostatic cancer in 1 patient), but prostatic cancer was not confirmed by histopathology (i.e., false positive). In group B, DOTATOC-PET/CT depicted lesions in six of seven patients, including nodal metastasis (n = 5) and liver metastasis (n = 1). In group C, DOTATOC-PET/CT did not demonstrate any abnormal foci except in one case of pancreatic NET. Additional information was obtained in 50, 86, and 4 % of cases, in groups A, B, and C, respectively.

Conclusions
DOTATOC-PET/CT was useful for detecting NETs, especially when recurrence or metastases were suspected because of high hormone levels after surgery for a NET. It is unlikely, however, that additional information can be acquired in patients with no history of NET simply based on high hormone levels.
Hepatic cystic metastatic tumors from a locally controlled nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chen Kai‐Wen , Chen Hsuan‐Wei , Ou Tzu‐Ming , Tsai Wen‐Chiuan , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan 
Published: April 2015

SummaryLiver cystic neoplasms are uncommon and vary from benign to overtly malignant. Liver cystic metastases are rare and mostly come from colon, pancreas, ovary, kidney, neuroendocrine, and prostate cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with liver cystic metastasis has only been reported once. Here, we report a 52‐year‐old man with liver cystic metastasis from locally cured NPC. The patient received concurrent chemoradiotherapy for NPC 4 years ago and presented with a 6‐month history of upper abdominal fullness and pain. No evidence of local recurrence of NPC was found at his regular follow‐up examinations after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging showed a large, well‐defined, lobulated cystic lesion with poor contrast enhancement occupying both lobes of the liver. Hepatic cystic metastasis was suspected. Ultrasound‐guided liver tumor biopsy was performed. Histological examinations disclosed a pattern of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with focal sarcomatoid differentiation based on the P40 immunohistochemical stain. In situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus early RNAs confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic NPC. It is difficult to make a diagnosis in liver cystic neoplasms, especially from a rarely reported origin. In our case, we used clinical history and Epstein–Barr virus early RNAs as a specific marker to make an accurate diagnosis.
Daily life stress reactivity in remitted versus non-remitted depressed individuals
Authors: van Winkel M. , Nicolson N.A. , Wichers M. , Viechtbauer W. , Myin-Germeys I. , Peeters F. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground:Little is known about how daily life mood reactivity to minor stressors (stress reactivity) might change following major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment. We investigate whether (i) mood states and appraisals of daily stressors change after treatment; (ii) stress reactivity to event, activity, or social stress differs; (iii) stress reactivity depends on severity of residual depressive symptoms; and (iv) stress reactivity in individuals with remitted or non-remitted depression differ from that of never-depressed individuals.Methods:Thirty depressed individuals participated in an experience sampling study before and after a treatment period of 18 months; 39 healthy individuals formed a comparison group. Reactivity of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) to daily stressors were measured.Results:More residual symptoms were associated with larger NA responses to stress. Compared to healthy controls, participants with non-remitted MDD showed higher NA-reactivity to all stressors. In contrast, stress reactivity to event and activity stressors was normalized in remitted patients. However, they still showed heightened NA-reactivity to social stress.Conclusions:Greater stress reactivity to event and activity stress appears to be state-dependent. The heightened social stress reactivity in remitted patients suggests that sensitivity to social stress may reflect an underlying vulnerability in MDD.
Women's right to health and Ireland's abortion laws
Authors: Taylor Maeve 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe provision of the Irish Constitution that guarantees “the unborn” a right to life equal to that of a pregnant woman has consequences for access to abortion and the care of women in pregnancy generally. Long‐awaited legislation to give effect to the narrow constitutional right to abortion was enacted into law in 2013. In 2014, a guidance document for health professionals’ implementation of the legislation was published. However, the legislation and guidance document fall far short of international human rights bodies’ recommendations: they fail to deliver effective procedural rights to all of the women eligible for lawful abortion within the state and create new legal barriers to women's reproductive rights. At the same time, cases continue to highlight that the Irish Constitution imposes an unethical and rights‐violating legal regime in non‐abortion‐related contexts. Recent developments suggest that both the failure to put guidelines in place and the development of guidelines that are not centered on women or based on rights further reduce women's access to rights and set unacceptable limitations on women's reproductive autonomy. Nevertheless, public and parliamentary scrutiny of cases involving Ireland's abortion laws is increasingly focusing on the need for reform.
A competitive advantage from the implementation timing of ISO management standards
Authors: Su Hung‐Chung , Dhanorkar Suvrat , Linderman Kevin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith the rise of globalization, firms increasingly implement management standards developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to assure they can meet their customers’ expectations. ISO management standards reduce performance variability among suppliers and promote global trade. However, ISO standards also promote a certain degree of commonality or isomorphism between firms. If the very notion of ‘standards’ encourages a certain level of commonality between firms, then how can firms achieve a competitive advantage from implementing ISO standards? This research argues that thetimingof when a firm implements an ISO standard relative to their rivals has strategic benefits. Drawing on the competitive dynamics literature we argue that firms can achieve an early mover advantage when implementing ISO 14001. However, an early mover advantage depends on the level of a firm's absorptive capacity (prior experience with ISO 9001) and the competitive intensity of their industry. This study uses longitudinal data from firms that implemented ISO 14001 at varying points in time to examine the benefits of an early mover advantage. More broadly, this research sheds light onwhenfirms benefit the most from implementing new management standards. The results provide insights into implementing other emerging management standards.
Paradoxes of stratigraphy
Authors: Chernykh V.V. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Some contradictory propositions and concepts of the theory and practice of stratigraphy regarded as paradoxes are discussed. Attention is paid to the fundamental impossibility to associate the wide geographic distribution of a group of organisms with a high rate of speciation of these organisms. However, it is this feature that is commonly used as the basis for determining orthostratigrafic groups of fossil organisms. The dualism of time in stratigraphy, which led to the emergence of chronostratigraphy and the GSSP concept, is considered. The incompatibility of chronological and chronometric datings in stratigraphy is proved. Finally, the paradox of the smallest chronological unit is examined, which is related to the existence of not one but several smallest units (zones) in zonal chronology.
The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in northern Siberia and Boreal–Tethyan correlation of the boundary beds
Authors: Shurygin B.N. , Dzyuba O.S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
There is no international consensus regarding the GSSP for the Berriasian, the basal stage of the Cretaceous System. Any of the events discussed by the international expert community can be regarded as a marker of the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary: a phylogenetic change of taxa, paleomagnetic reversal, or isotopic excursion. However, the problem of identification of this level in Boreal sections can be solved only using a combination of data obtained by paleontological and nonpaleontological methods of stratigraphy (bio-, chemo-, magnetostratigraphy, etc.). With any of the accepted markers, the Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary in Siberian sections will be within the upper part of the regional Bazhenovo Horizon. The least interval of the uncertainty of the position of this boundary in Siberian sections will be ensured by the selection of one of two markers: biostratigraphic (base of the Pseudosubplanites grandis Subzone) or magnetostratigraphic (base of the M18r magnetozone).
High-resolution stratigraphy of the Upper Jurassic section (Laptev Sea coast)
Authors: Nikitenko B.L. , Knyazev V.G. , Peshchevitskaya E.B. , Glinskikh L.A. , Kutygin R.V. , Alifirov A.S. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Jurassic strata are widespread through Arctic Siberia and host oil and gas fields. However, in most cases, the geology of such vast areas still remains unexplored, and study of the Jurassic stratigraphy and reconstructions of geologic history are possible only through analysis of sediment cores. In this connection, there is a clear need for detailed studies of microfaunas (foraminifera, ostracods) and palynomorphs (dinocysts, spores, and pollen). The studied reference section of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous is located on the left side of Anabar Bay of the Laptev Sea (Nordvik Peninsula, Cape Urdyuk-Khaya). An uninterrupted and continuous section from the Upper Oxfordian to the Lower Valanginian is exposed in coastal cliffs and consists mainly of silty clay deposits with abundant macro- and microfossils. Integrated field studies (biostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, sedimentology) allow a more detailed characterization of the regional geologic framework. A detailed subdivision of the section is based on the systematic composition of ammonites from Upper Oxfordian and Kimmeridgian deposits. Several foraminiferal zones of the Upper Oxfordian and Lower Volgian are defined, and some of them are denfined for the first time. The distribution of ostracods in the section is analyzed for the first time. The section is also studied using palynological analysis, that results in its detailed subdivision on palynological data and recognition of two sequences of palynostratigraphic units. The integrated stratigraphy is used to establish the precise position of stage and substage boundaries. The continuity of the section is defined based on micropaleontological and palynological data.
The Quaternary System/Period and its major subdivisions
Authors: Gibbard P.L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Quaternary System/Period represents the past 2.58 million years and is officially subdivided into the Pleistocene and Holocene series/epochs, with the base of the Holocene assigned an age of 11,700 calendar years before AD 2000. The two lowest stages of the Pleistocene, the Gelasian (base 2.58 Ma) and the Calabrian (base 1.80 Ma), have been officially defined and these effectively constitute the Lower Pleistocene Subseries/Subepoch. The Middle and Upper Pleistocene have yet to be formally defined, representing an important future challenge, along with the subdivision of the Holocene, consideration of the ‘Anthropocene’, and fine-scale subdivision elsewhere within the Quaternary.
Duration of the first biozone in the Siberian hypostratotype of the Vendian
Authors: Rogov V.I. , Karlova G.A. , Marusin V.V. , Kochnev B.B. , Nagovitsin K.E. , Grazhdankin D.V. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The first biozone (Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone) in the Siberian hypostratotype of the Vendian (northwestern slope of the Olenek Uplift) is represented by the Turkut Formation of the Khorbusuonka Group and most of the Syhargalakh Formation of the Kessyusa Group. The lower part of the Kessyusa Group in some of the sections includes stratiform breccia coeval with the middle part of the Syhargalakh Formation. The breccia is shown to be the alteration product of tuff breccia, which is widely distributed in the region and occurs as diatremes. A U–Pb zircon date of 543.9 ± 0.24 Ma for tuff breccia provides the best constraint on the age of the boundary between the Anabarites trisulcatus and Purella antiqua Assemblage Zones. The first appearance of small skeletal fossils Cambrotubulus decurvatus (which define the base of the Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone) is 1.4 m above the lower boundary of the Turkut Formation. Ichnofabric in the underlying Khatyspyt Formation is globally distributed in the strata 553–551 million years old, always predating the first appearance of small skeletal fossils of the Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone. The base of the Anabarites trisulcatus Assemblage Zone is therefore younger than 553–551 Ma, whereas the duration of the assemblage zone does not exceed six million years.
Endothelial function, arterial stiffness and adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Sauder Katherine A. , Proctor David N. , Chow Mosuk , Troy Lisa M. , Wang Na , Vita Joseph A. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Mitchell Gary F. , Jacques Paul F. , Hamburg Naomi M. , West Sheila G. 
Published: April 2015

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are early predictors of CVD. Intervention studies have suggested that diet is related to vascular health, but most prior studies have tested individual foods or nutrients and relied on small samples of younger adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and vascular health in a large cross-sectional analysis. In 5887 adults in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation cohorts, diet quality was quantified with the 2010 Dietary Guidelines Adherence Index (DGAI-2010). Endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery ultrasound and arterial stiffness via arterial tonometry. In age-, sex- and cohort-adjusted analyses, a higher DGAI-2010 score (greater adherence) was modestly associated with a lower resting flow velocity, hyperaemic response, mean arterial pressure, carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index, but not associated with resting arterial diameter or flow-mediated dilation (FMD). In multivariable models adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, only the association of a higher DGAI-2010 score with a lower baseline flow velocity and augmentation index persisted (β = − 0·002,P= 0·003 and β = − 0·05 ± 0·02,P< 0·001, respectively). Age-stratified multivariate-adjusted analyses suggested that the relationship of higher DGAI-2010 scores with lower mean arterial pressure, PWV and augmentation index was more pronounced among adults younger than 50 years. Better adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, particularly in younger adults, is associated with a lower peripheral blood flow velocity and arterial wave reflection, but not FMD. The present results suggest a link between adherence to the Dietary Guidelines and favourable vascular health.