bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges to implementing animal welfare standards in New Zealand
Authors: O’Connor CE , Bayvel ACD 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe New Zealand Animal Welfare Act 1999 imposes a duty of care on all owners and persons in charge, to provide for the physical, health and behavioural needs of the animals in their care. The Act provides for the development of codes of welfare by the National Animal Welfare Advisory Committee (NAWAC) and gives legal status to the minimum standards that they contain when issued by the Minister of Agriculture. Codes are used to promote appropriate behaviour, establish minimum standards of animal care and encourage best practice by those in charge of animals. One of the main challenges in developing codes of welfare is to integrate the various, and often conflicting, social, ethical, economic and production management value judgments, with the available science, in a way that does not stifle innovation or require frequent alteration of the codes. In New Zealand we believe this is best achieved using minimum standards which are designed as animal-orientated statements of desired welfare outcomes, accompanied by one or more indicators by which achievement of the outcome can be measured or objectively assessed. Codes are primarily directed at educating the owners or persons in charge of animals of their legal obligations, encouraging voluntary compliance, and supporting industries in the development of compliance and quality assurance programmes. The challenge is to develop a consistent, whole-of-system approach to animal welfare compliance that focuses on interventions which encourage voluntary compliance or deter non-compliance before offending becomes serious and animal welfare is unnecessarily compromised. The aim of this paper is to describe New Zealand's policy, which is to develop outcome-based welfare standards, to promote and demonstrate maximum voluntary industry compliance with them, and to ensure that any serious breaches are detected and responded to effectively.
The effects of driving events on the stability and resting behaviour of cattle, young calves and pigs
Authors: Cockram MS , Spence JY 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe welfare of animals in transit may be affected by driving events, such as acceleration, braking and cornering. The relationships between driving events and the behavioural responses of the animals were examined. A single-deck, non-articulated vehicle was fitted with a video-recording system, GPS and tri-axial accelerometer. Two drivers each drove three standard journeys (two 3-h stages on different types of roads) for each animal type. Six different groups of five cattle(Bos taurus), ten calves and ten pigs(Sus scrofa)were each transported on separate journeys. Cattle stood still for most of each journey. Calves spent more time lying down during the second stage of the journey than during the first. Although pigs spent some of the time lying down, they spent more time sitting down and this time was greatest on a motorway and during the second stage of the journey. Frequent adjustments to maintain stability were required in response to acceleration, braking, cornering and rough road surfaces. Some animals experienced repeated falls. Falls occurred after a series of different types of events. The fewest losses of balance occurred on the motorway. As a motorway is a limited access multi-lane carriageway not crossed on the same level by other traffic lanes, the driver does not normally undertake frequent vehicular adjustments to respond to road features. Therefore, motorways give animals an opportunity to rest and avoid discomfort from repetitive driving events. If drivers anticipate potential driving events and prepare for them, it will reduce the likelihood and severity of losses of stability.
Cardiac troponin T as a serum biomarker of respiratory impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Koch Teresa , Fabian Rachel , Weinhold Leonie , Koch Franz‐W. , Barakat Saman , Castro‐Gomez Sergio , Grehl Torsten , Bernsen Sarah , Weydt Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveInformative biomarkers are an urgent need in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Serum cardiac troponin T is elevated in the majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and increases with disease progression. We sought to establish the informative value of cardiac troponin T with regard to respiratory function, a major prognostic factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.MethodsIn this retrospective observation, we analyzed two independent hospital‐based cohorts (d = discovery cohort; v = validation cohort) regarding serum cardiac troponin T (nd = 298; nv = 49), serum neurofilament light chain (nd = 117; nv = 17), and respiratory tests (nd = 93; nv = 49).ResultsSerum cardiac troponin T, in contrast to serum neurofilament levels, was associated with the respiratory domain of the revised amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale and with pulmonary function parameters, namely forced vital capacity % (r = −0.45, p = 0.001) and slow vital capacity % (r = −0.50, p = 0.001).Serum cardiac troponin T reliably discriminated benchmarks of slow vital capacity <80% (AUC 0.73, 95% CI 0.62–0.84) and <50% (AUC 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.93), forced vital capacity <80% (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.61–0.83) and <50% (AUC 0.79, 95% CI 0.67–0.91).InterpretationOur findings position cardiac Troponin T as a valuable serum biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, complementing neurofilaments and expanding the understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms. In clinical practice, serum cardiac troponin T can flag benchmarks of compromised respiratory function.
Proteomic networks of gray and white matter reveal tissue‐specific changes in human tauopathy
Authors: Johnson Ashlyn G. , Dammer Eric B. , Webster James A. , Duong Duc M. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Hales Chadwick M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo define tauopathy‐associated changes in the human gray and white matter proteome.MethodWe applied tandem mass tagged labeling and mass spectrometry, consensus, and ratio weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to gray and white matter sampled from postmortem human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The sampled tissues included control as well as Alzheimer's disease, corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal degeneration with tau pathology, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.ResultsOnly eight proteins were unique to gray matter while six were unique to white matter. Comparison of the gray and white matter proteome revealed an enrichment of microglial proteins in the white matter. Consensus WGCNA sorted over 6700 protein isoforms into 46 consensus modules across the gray and white matter proteomic networks. Consensus network modules demonstrated unique and shared disease‐associated microglial and endothelial protein changes. Ratio WGCNA sorted over 6500 protein ratios (white:gray) into 33 modules. Modules associated with mitochondrial proteins and processes demonstrated higher white:gray ratios in diseased tissues relative to control, driven by mitochondrial protein downregulation in gray and upregulation in white.InterpretationThe dataset is a valuable resource for understanding proteomic changes in human tauopathy gray and white matter. The identification of unique and shared disease‐associated changes across gray and white matter emphasizes the utility of examining both tissue types. Future studies of microglial, endothelial, and mitochondrial changes in white matter may provide novel insights into tauopathy‐associated changes in human brain.
Intraoperative rapid molecular diagnosis aids glioma subtyping and guides precise surgical resection
Authors: Li Jia , Han Zhe , Ma Caizhi , Chi Huizhong , Jia Deze , Zhang Kailiang , Feng Zichao , Han Bo , Qi Mei , Li Gang , Li Xueen , Xue Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe molecular era of glioma diagnosis and treatment has arrived, and a single rapid histopathology is no longer sufficient for surgery. This study sought to present an automatic integrated gene detection system (AIGS), which enables rapid intraoperative detection of IDH/TERTp mutations.MethodsA total of 78 patients with gliomas were included in this study. IDH/TERTp mutations were detected intraoperatively using AIGS in 41 of these patients, and they were guided to surgical resection (AIGS detection group). The remaining 37 underwent histopathology‐guided conventional surgical resection (non‐AIGS detection group). The clinical utility of this technique was evaluated by comparing the accuracy of glioma subtype diagnosis before and after TERTp mutation results were obtained by pathologists and the extent of resection (EOR) and patient prognosis for molecular pathology‐guided glioma surgery.ResultsWith NGS/Sanger sequencing and chromosome detection as the gold standard, the accuracy of AIGS results was 100%. And the timing was well matched to the intraoperative rapid pathology report. After obtaining the TERTp mutation detection results, the accuracy of the glioma subtype diagnosis made by the pathologists increased by 19.51%. Molecular pathology‐guided surgical resection of gliomas significantly increased EOR (99.06% vs. 93.73%, p < 0.0001) and also improved median OS (26.77 vs. 13.47 months, p = 0.0289) and median PFS (15.90 vs. 10.57 months, p = 0.0181) in patients with glioblastoma.InterpretationUsing AIGS intraoperatively to detect IDH/TERTp mutations to accurately diagnose glioma subtypes can help achieve maximum safe resection of gliomas, which in turn improves the survival prognosis of patients.
Dynamic event‐triggered adaptive neural nonsingular fixed‐time attitude control for multi‐UAVs systems
Authors: Wang Huanqing , Li Muxuan , Shen Haikuo 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis article looks into the dynamic event‐triggered fixed‐time adaptive attitude control problem for nonlinear six‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with external disturbances. The multiple six‐rotor UAVs considered are regarded as nonlinear multi‐agent systems (MASs), and each subsystem has multiple inputs. Under the framework of backstepping recursive design, an effective adaptive fixed‐time control method is proposed by combining neural networks (NNs) technology and fixed‐time theory. NNs are utilized to handle unknown nonlinearity and unmodeled parts in attitude systems. The hyperbolic tangent function is ushered to address the singularity problem that may occur in the derivative of the controller, thereby averting the phenomenon of chattering. For the sake of alleviating the correspondence burden of multiple UAVs attitude systems, a modified dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) is ushered. The developed controller swears for that all signals of the six‐rotor UAV attitude systems are bounded and the tracking errors converge to a small neighborhood of the origin within a fixed‐time interval. Eventually, with the help of simulation results, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was verified.
An Injectable Hydrogel Composing Anti‐Inflammatory and Osteogenic Therapy toward Bone Erosions Microenvironment Remodeling in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Liu Xingzhu , Zhang Qin , Cao Yi , Hussain Zahid , Xu Mingsheng , Liu Yuanshan , Ullah Ismat , Lu Zhongzhong , Osaka Akiyoshi , Lin Jun , Pei Renjun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHealing bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains greatly challenging via biomaterial strategies. Given the unsuccessful innate bone erosion healing due to an inflammatory disorder, over‐activated osteoclasts, and impaired osteoblasts differentiation, RA pathogenesis‐guided engineering of an innovative hydrogel platform is needed for remodeling osteoimmune and osteogenic microenvironment of bone erosion healing. Herein, in situ adaptable and injectable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel is developed through an ingenious combination of a bio‐orthogonal reaction between hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen, along with effective electrostatic interactions leveraging bisphosphonate (BP)‐functionalized HA macromers (HABP) and nanorod shaped zinc (Zn)‐doped biphasic calcium phosphate (ZnBCP). IPN hydrogel exhibits exceptional adaptability to the local shape complexity at bone erosions, and by integrating ZnBCP and HABP, a multi‐stage releasing platform is engineered, facilitating controlled cargo delivery for remodeling more anti‐inflammatory M2 cells and reducing over‐activated osteoclastic activities, thereby reconstructing the bone regeneration microenvironment. Sustainedly co‐delivering multiple ions (calcium and phosphate) can display excellent osteogenic properties and be conducive to the bone formation process, by effects of osteogenesis‐associated cell differentiation. Overall, the introduced bioactive IPN hydrogel therapy remodels the osteoimmune environment by synergistic pro‐inflammation‐resolving, osteogenesis, and anti‐osteoclastic activities, displaying excellent bone reconstruction in the collagen‐induced arthritis rabbit model.
Engineered Probiotic Bio‐Heterojunction with Robust Antibiofilm Modality via “Eating” Extracellular Polymeric Substances for Wound Regeneration
Authors: Qin Miao , Zhang Xiumei , Ding Haiyang , Chen Yanbai , He Wenxuan , Wei Yan , Chen Weiyi , Chan Yau Kei , Shi Yiwei , Huang Di , Deng Yi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe compact three‐dimensional (3D) structure of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) within biofilms significantly hinders the penetration of antimicrobial agents, making biofilm eradication challenging and resulting in persistent biofilm‐associated infections. To address this challenge, a solution is proposed: a probiotic bio‐heterojunction (P‐bioHJ) combining Lactobacillus rhamnosus with MXene (Ti3C2) quantum dots (MQDs)/FeS heterojunction. This innovation aims to break down the saccharides in EPS, enabling effective combat against biofilm‐associated infections. Initially, the P‐bioHJ targets saccharides through metabolic processes, causing the collapse of EPS and allowing infiltration into bacterial colonies. Simultaneously, upon exposure to near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation, the P‐bioHJ produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thermal energy, deploying physical mechanisms to combat bacterial biofilms effectively. Following antibiofilm treatment, the P‐bioHJ adjusts the oxidative environment, reduces wound inflammation by scavenging ROS, boosts antioxidant enzyme activity, and mitigates the NF‐κB inflammatory pathway, thereby accelerating wound healing. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm the exceptional antibiofilm, antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory, and wound‐regeneration properties of P‐bioHJ. In conclusion, this study provides a promising approach for treating biofilm‐related infections.
Digitalization of Colorimetric Sensor Technologies for Food Safety
Authors: Mazur Federico , Han Zifei , Tjandra Angie Davina , Chandrawati Rona 
Published: June 2024

AbstractColorimetric sensors play a crucial role in promoting on‐site testing, enabling the detection and/or quantification of various analytes based on changes in color. These sensors offer several advantages, such as simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, and visual readouts, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including food safety and monitoring. A critical component in portable colorimetric sensors involves their integration with color models for effective analysis and interpretation of output signals. The most commonly used models include CIELAB (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage), RGB (Red, Green, Blue), and HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value). This review outlines the use of color models via digitalization in sensing applications within the food safety and monitoring field. Additionally, challenges, future directions, and considerations are discussed, highlighting a significant gap in integrating a comparative analysis toward determining the color model that results in the highest sensor performance. The aim of this review is to underline the potential of this integration in mitigating the global impact of food spoilage and contamination on health and the economy, proposing a multidisciplinary approach to harness the full capabilities of colorimetric sensors in ensuring food safety.
Realizing Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in Molecular‐Intercalated Antiferromagnet VOCl
Authors: Liu Chaocheng , Li Zhi , Chen Zheng , Hu Jiyu , Duan Hengli , Wang Chao , Feng Sihua , Liu Ruiqi , Zhang Guobin , Cao Jiefeng , Niu Yuran , Li Qian , Li Pai , Yan Wensheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets are gaining attention in fundamental physics and advanced spintronics, due to their unique dimension‐dependent magnetism and potential for ultra‐compact integration. However, achieving intrinsic ferromagnetism with high Curie temperature (TC) remains a technical challenge, including preparation and stability issues. Herein, an applicable electrochemical intercalation strategy to decouple interlayer interaction and guide charge doping in antiferromagnet VOCl, thereby inducing robust room‐temperature ferromagnetism, is developed. The expanded vdW gap isolates the neighboring layers and shrinks the distance between the V‐V bond, favoring the generation of ferromagnetic (FM) coupling with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Element‐specific X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) directly proves the source of the ferromagnetism. Detailed experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the charge doping enhances the FM interaction by promoting the orbital hybridization between t2g and eg. This work sheds new light on a promising way to achieve room‐temperature ferromagnetism in antiferromagnets, thus addressing the critical materials demand for designing spintronic devices.
Bifunctional Catalysts for CO2 Reduction and O2 Evolution: A Pivotal for Aqueous Rechargeable Zn−CO2 Batteries
Authors: Gupta Divyani , Mao Jianfeng , Guo Zaiping 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe quest for the advancement of green energy storage technologies and reduction of carbon footprint is determinedly rising toward carbon neutrality. Aqueous rechargeable Zn–CO2 batteries (ARZCBs) hold the great potential to encounter both the targets simultaneously, i.e., green energy storage and CO2 conversion to value‐added chemicals/fuels. The major descriptor of ARZCBs efficiency is allied with the reactions occurring at cathode during discharging (CO2 reduction) and charging (O2 evolution) which own different fundamental mechanisms and hence mandate the employment of two different catalysts. This presents an overall complex and expensive battery system which requires a concrete solution, while the development and application of a bifunctional cathode catalyst toward both reactions could reduce the complexity and cost and thus can be a pivotal for ARZCBs. However, despite the increasing research interest and ongoing research, a systematic evaluation of bifunctional catalysts is rarely reported. In this review, the need of bifunctional cathode catalysts for ARZCBs and associated challenges with strategies have been critically assessed. A detailed progress examination and understanding toward designing of bifunctional catalyst for ARZCBs have been provided. This review will enlighten the future research approaching boosted performance of ARZCBs through the development of efficient bifunctional cathode catalysts.
Co‐Assembly of Polyoxometalates and Porphyrins as Anode for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yanchun , Zhou Xianggang , Qiu Tianyu , Yao Ruiqi , Yu Feiyang , Song Tingting , Lang Xingyou , Jiang Qing , Tan Huaqiao , Li Yingqi , Li Yangguang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs) have been considered one of the most promising anode candidates for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in virtue of their high theoretical capacity and reversible multielectron redox properties. However, the poor intrinsic electronic conductivity, low specific surface area, and high solubility in organic electrolytes hinder their widespread applications in LIBs. Herein, a novel hybrid nanomaterial is synthesized by co‐assembling POMs and porphyrins (PMo12/CoTPyP) through a facile solvothermal method. The POM clusters are stabilized by porphyrin units through electrostatic interactions, which simultaneously realize the uniform dispersion of POMs and porphyrin units. Benefiting from the generated sub‐1 nm channels for fast ion transport and the synergistic effect between evenly distributed PMo12 clusters and high‐conductive CoTPyP units, the LIB based on the optimized PMo12/CoTPyP anode exhibits significantly improved Li+ storage capability as well as superior rate and cycling performance. The results of density functional theory simulations further reveal that the co‐assembly of PMo12 and CoTPyP can accelerate the mobility of Li+ and electrons, which in turn promotes the enhancement of LIBs performance. This work paves a strategy for synthesizing POMs–based anode materials with simultaneously high dispersibility, redox activity, and stability.
Growth‐Induced Extinction Development of Gold Nanoclusters as Signal Transducers for Quantitative Immunoassays
Authors: Kim Bong‐Geun , Choi Yu Rim , Kim Yerin , Yoon Sang Bin , Hwang Sukyeong , Lee Suk Joong , Na Hyon Bin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSignal transducers are crucial in bioassay platforms for converting target detection into recordable signals. Commonly used color development for immunoassays involves enzymes and colorimetric substrates. However, due to cost and environmental issues, practical point‐of‐care testing requires alternative signal transducers. Growth‐induced extinction (absorption and scattering) of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) is proposed as a novel approach for quantitative immunoassays. AuNCs devoid of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) are used as seeds for growth reactions. Through reactions with a growth solution comprised of gold precursor and mild reductant, AuNCs of varying concentrations underwent controlled growth, resulting in nanoparticles of different sizes exhibiting distinct LSPR‐mediated extinction bands. Notably, the seed concentration exhibited a robust correlation with the resulting extinction of the grown particles on a small scale of 110 µL for a 96‐well microplate platform. To demonstrate this signal transduction mechanism, immunosorbent assays are performed using the conjugates of AuNC and detection antibody. The sandwich‐type assay successfully quantified a model antigen, human immunoglobulin G (hIgG), by monitoring LSPR wavelength and absorbance. This assay demonstrated a working range of 0.001–1 µg mL−1 and limit of detection of 1.19 ng mL−1. Signal transducers using the growth of AuNCs offer new alternative candidates for immunoassay platforms.
Non‐Contact Transfer Printing Enabled by an Ultrasonic Droplet Stamp
Authors: Yang Wencheng , Lin Xinyi , Jiang Jing , Miao Fuxing , Song Jizhou 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTransfer printing is an important material heterogeneous technique with unique capability for developing existing and envisioned electronic or optoelectronic systems. Here, a simple design of ultrasonic droplet stamp is reported featuring a water droplet on an acoustic resonator attached to a glass sheet, for developing an efficient non‐contact transfer printing. The water droplet offers the benefits of a gentle and conformal contact, yielding an enough adhesion for a reliable pickup in the absence of ultrasound, and ejects a sub‐droplet rapidly due to the Raleigh instability with the ultrasound for an easy non‐contact printing. Experimental studies are carried out to investigate the transient response of ultrasonic droplet stamp under the action of ultrasound and showed that the proposed stamp exhibited extraordinary capabilities of damage‐free pickup and receiver‐independent printing. Demonstrations of the ultrasonic droplet stamp in transfer printing of thin inks with different materials and shapes onto various flat, curved and rough surfaces illustrate its great potential for heterogeneous integration and deterministic assembly.