bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Extremes over Built Terrain: Characterization and Geometric Determinants
Authors: Wang Jing , Llaguno-Munitxa Maider , Li Qi , Giometto Marco , Bou-Zeid Elie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Cities feature complex and heterogeneous topographies that create highly-variable airflow patterns and dynamics. The resulting extreme high and low winds challenge urban design's quest for maintaining a safe and comfortable environment. This study investigates these urban wind extrema by conducting large-eddy simulations (LESs) in four American cities with distinct topographic features and links the resulting winds to geometric indicators. By analyzing the profile and spatial variation of the wind extrema, the simulations illustrate that gust zones tend to occur along wind-oriented streets and on both sides of high-rise buildings, while stagnation zones are mostly located in the lee of tall or wide buildings. Potential geometric parameters explaining these winds extrema are investigated, including the plan and frontal area fraction and the sky view factor. These findings advance our ability to predict wind conditions solely based on urban geometry, and ultimately to design more resilient, sustainable, and livable cities.
A Method for the Inverse Dynamic Analysis of Unstable Multibody Models
Authors: Trujillo David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Inverse dynamic analysis is the estimation of unknown applied forces and moments on a multibody model that when applied to a forward dynamic model will closely match measured data. In addition to the models being nonlinear , this analysis is made more difficult when the multibody model is unstable. This paper presents an inverse method that address these difficulties.
Conversion of Speech to Text: Transcribe and Translate Using Whisper AI on iOS
Authors: Dwivedi Chandan Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This thesis investigates the implementation and efficiency of Whisper AI for transcribing and translating speech to text on iOS devices. Leveraging a large-scale weakly supervised dataset, Whisper AI demonstrates robust performance across multiple languages and tasks. The study explores its architecture, implementation on iOS, and performance comparisons with existing models. Findings indicate significant potential for real-world applications, despite some computational and accuracy challenges.
Atomically-precise synthesis and simultaneous integration of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides enabled by nano-confinement
Authors: Gao Hong-Jun , Bian Ce , Zhao Yifan , Guzman Roger , Liu Hongtao , Hu Hao , Qi Qi , Zhu Ke , Wang Hao , Wu Kang , Guo Hui , He Wanzhen , Xu Zhiping , Zhou Wu , Ding Feng , Yang Haitao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), possess intriguing properties imparted by their unique atomic-scale structures, and greatly enriched by their various van der Waals (vdW) homo-/heterostructures. Therefore, the precise synthesis of 2D TMDs and their vdW integration with clean interfaces are highly desired, while still challenging. Here, we present a nano-confined chemical vapor deposition approach which enables the atomically-precise synthesis of 2D TMDs and their simultaneous vdW integration with graphene. Within the nano-confinement, 2D TMDs (e.g., NbSe2) that tend to form thick crystals are precisely monolayered owing to an unusual growth kinetics underneath graphene. A sub-monolayer architecture, Janus S-Mo-Se with the polar chalcogen arrangement, is further achieved with the nano-confinement effects. The simultaneous integration of a TMD monolayer with graphene guarantees an ultraclean vdW interface which gives rise to emergent properties. Examples include a conduction enhancement in the graphene/NbSe2 heterostructure and a photomemory effect in the graphene/Janus MoSSe heterostructure. Our results provide a promising platform to realize the atomically-precise synthesis and ultraclean vdW integration of TMD monolayers.
Multi-shank 1024 channels active SiNAPS probe for large multi-regional topographical electrophysiological mapping of neural dynamics
Authors: Berdondini Luca , Angotzi Gian Nicola , Voroslakos Mihaly , Perentos Nicholas , Ribeiro Joao Filipe , Vincenzi Matteo , Boi Fabio , Lecomte Aziliz , Orban Gabor , Genewsky Andreas , Schwesig Gerrit , Aykan Deren , Buzsáki György , Sirota Anton 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Implantable active dense CMOS neural probes unlock the possibility of spatiotemporally resolving the activity of hundreds of single neurons in multiple brain circuits to investigate brain dynamics. Mapping neural dynamics in brain circuits with anatomical structures spanning several millimeters, however, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate the first CMOS neural probe for mapping intracortical neural dynamics (both LFPs and spikes) in awake, behaving mice from an area >4 mm2. By taking advantage of the modularity of our SiNAPS technology, we realized an eight shanks probe with 1024 electrode channels arranged on each shank in regular arrays with an electrode pitch <30 μm. Low-noise recordings from all electrodes at 20 kHz/channel demonstrate a field of view spanning the 2D lattice of the entire mice hippocampal circuit, together with cortical and thalamic regions. This arrangement allows combining large population unit recording across distributed networks with precise intra- and interlaminar/nuclear mapping of the oscillatory dynamics.
Mother Transformer: A High-Throughput, Cost-Effective in Planta Hairy Root Transformation Method for Cannabis
Authors: Ajdanian Ladan , Torkamaneh Davoud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background Hairy root (HR) transformation assays mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogenes, both in vitro and ex vitro, are essential tools in plant biotechnology and functional genomics. These assays can be significantly influenced by various factors, which ultimately can enhance the efficiency. In this study, we optimized a two-step ex vitro HR transformation method using the actual mother plant combined with the RUBY system and tested with existing methods.Results The two-step ex vitro method proved more efficient than both the one-step ex vitro and in vitro methods, with the highest transformation efficiency of 90% observed in the actual plant. This technique also demonstrated a faster and less complicated approach, reducing time to achieve massive transgenic HR formation by 9–29 days compared to other methods.Conclusions A novel, quicker, less complicated, and more efficient two-step transformation method for cannabis has been established, presenting a significantly lower risk of contamination. This protocol is particularly interesting to produce secondary metabolites using the CRISPR/Cas system in cannabis. We anticipate that this method will facilitate substantial time savings by rapidly producing hundreds of transformed samples.
Saddle Nose Deformity Reconstruction in Yemen: A Prospective Study of the Diced Cartilage Fascia Technique
Authors: Alsiaghi Yahia Ahmed , Al-Shoaibi Mohammed Hasan , Al-ajaly Mohaned Yahia , Ghanem Ayman Mohammed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Saddle nose deformity is a significant challenge in conflict-affected and resource-limited settings. The diced cartilage fascia (DCF) technique, which involves wrapping diced cartilage in the fascia, has demonstrated promising results, but it remains underexplored.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of the DCF technique for saddle nose deformity reconstruction in Yemen.
Methods: This prospective case series included 30 patients who underwent nasal reconstruction using the DCF technique between January 2020 and January 2023. Outcomes were assessed through pre- and postoperative photographs, Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores, Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) scores, and patient interviews over a 6-month follow-up period.
Results: Significant improvements in nasal shape and function were observed. The mean A-B line measurement increased from 16.75 mm to 21 mm (p < 0.001), and the mean NOSE score decreased from 52.8 to 5 (p < 0.01). Patient satisfaction was notably high, with 96.7% of patients reporting excellent satisfaction. The complication rate was 6.6%, and manageable issues, such as nasal deviation and infection.
Conclusion: The DCF technique is a safe and effective method for correcting saddle nose deformity in resource-limited settings and has significant functional and esthetic improvements. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended to validate these findings.
Wt1+/Itga4+ progenitors drive epicardial-derived cell expansion via non-canonical Wnt signalling
Authors: Perez-Pomares Jose , Marín-Sedeño Ernesto , Cobos-Figueroa Jorge , Sánchez-Mata Alicia , Cano Elena , Diaz-Martínez Luis , Lescroart Fabienne , Ruiz-Villalba Adrian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The correct formation of the epicardium – the outermost tissue layer of the heart – is crucial to proper cardiac embryonic morphogenesis. However, our knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating epicardial progenitor cell conversion into primitive epicardial cells is limited. By combining in vivo mouse models for cell lineage tracing, high throughput transcriptomic technologies, and in vitro assays, we have characterised the proepicardium (PE), the transient extracardiac structure that contains epicardial progenitors. Our study reveals that only Wt1+/Itga4+ PE cells truly represent the progenitors of primitive epicardial cells and epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs). We show that early EPDCs display a high proliferative activity that is regulated by non-canonical Wnt signals (Wnt5a/c-Jun axis). This study redefines the concept of PE/epicardial progenitors, uncovers relevant aspects of the mechanisms controlling early EPDC formation, and lays the foundation for future research on EPDC differentiation in clinically relevant cardiac interstitial cells.
Superconducting Characteristics of a Graphite/N-Alkane Mixture above Room Temperature
Authors: Kawashima* Yasushi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The resistance of a pitch-based carbon fiber/n-alkane (n-CkH2k+2, k = 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 16) mixture in a heated Teflon tube was measured using a two-terminal measurement. The results showed that the resistance suddenly increased at temperatures between 367.77 and 504.24 K (Tincrease), and that the amount of change in resistance at Tincrease varied by two orders of magnitude between the samples. Measurements and calculations revealed that n-alkanes did not reach their boiling points at Tincrease, indicating that this rapid increase in resistance was a property of the mixture. The extremely large resistance range of the mixture after the sudden resistance increase is due to the change in the aspect ratio of the carbon fibers. However, these large variations were not observed below Tincrease, suggesting that n-alkanes dramatically reduce the resistance of the mixture below Tincrease. The sudden increase in resistance at Tincrease and the alkane effect support the hypothesis that Tincrease is the critical temperature for superconductivity. The larger is the average aspect ratio of the carbon fiber, i.e., the larger are the sides of the fiber (graphite basal surface), the higher is the Tincrease. Therefore, adsorption of n-alkanes onto the graphite basal surface increases Tincrease (Tc), which is consistent with the prediction made by Ginzburg's theory of surface superconductivity. Based on Ginzburg's theory, the appearance of room temperature superconductivity in mixtures of graphite and n-alkane was attributed to a remarkable fit between the hydrogen atoms bonded to one side of the zigzag carbon chain of n-alkane and the hexagonal center formed by the carbon atoms on the graphite basal plane.
Acute Kidney Injury in a Febrile Neutropenic Post-chemotherapy Patient Following Combination Antibiotic Therapy- a Case Report
Authors: S Arun , Didel Siyaram , Kumar Tarun , Ambwani Sneha , Mittal Aliza , Barman Debasish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The incidence of febrile neutropenia secondary to high-dose methotrexate is not an uncommon adverse reaction in hematology patients. However, acute kidney injury (AKI) following the combination of piperacillin and vancomycin in pediatric patientsis a relatively uncommon adverse drug reaction. In this report, an 11-year-old male patient in the pediatric hematologydepartment presented with febrile neutropenia and mucositis postchemotherapywith high dose methotrexate for B-ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) as induction therapy. For that, he was treated with a combination (piperacillin-tazobactam + vancomycincombination) of antibiotics along with supportive treatment. Two days after theinitiation of this combination, the patient presented with derangement of renal parameters and serumpotassium levelsand developedacute kidney injury. After the combination of antibiotics was stopped andthe antibiotics were switched to teicoplanin and cefoperazone-sulbactam combination, the patient’s renal parameters recovered in the subsequent 3—4 days, and the patient was discharged with a normal hematological and renal profile in stable condition. This case report highlights the incidence of acute kidney failure with hyperkalemia as an adverse drug reaction secondary to combination antibiotic therapy consisting of piperacillin-tazobactam + vancomycin. This adverse drug reaction can be considered “possible” according to the WHO casualty assessment.
Predictors of nurses' work-related mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a paired follow-up study.
Authors: Nagel Cicilia , Nilsson Kerstin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Nurses are among society's mainstays, as they care for and take care of sick people. Therefore, it is also important that society ensure that nurses have a good working situation, as they run an increased risk of experiencing negative psychological conditions, including depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional exhaustion, due to the demanding nature of their work. The strain on healthcare staff, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted these challenges. The aim was to investigate predictors of work-related mental health problems in nurses’ work situations. A questionnaire was sent to 9219 Swedish nurses in 2017, and 4962 responded. Of these, 3777 had no diagnosed work-related mental health problems and were therefore selected as the study population. The questionnaire was resent to the nurses during the pandemic in 2020, and 3107 responded. Of these previously healthy registered nurses, 143 stated that they now suffered from a work-related mental health problem. The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and 6 out of the 24 investigated statements were statistically significant, i.e., there was a possible causal relationship between nurses’ work situation and their worsening of mental health problems. The statements used were “I do not feel I get enough rest/recuperation between work shifts”, “The work pace in my daily work is too high”, “I do not feel I have enough support from my coworkers”, “I do not experience joy in my daily work”, “I do not feel like my daily work is meaningful”, and “I do not get enough opportunities at work to utilize my skills and knowledge”. Conclusions: This study revealed that work pace, recovery, support from colleagues, joy, meaningfulness, and development opportunities at work are particularly important for nurses' mental health. Actions in those areas are needed for nurses to have a sustainable work situation.
Enhancing Inference Efficiency and Accuracy in Large Language Models through Next-Phrase Prediction
Authors: Vima Cegu , Bosch Hanger , Harringstone John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The ability to generate coherent and contextually relevant text is increasingly important in a variety of applications, prompting the need for more sophisticated language models. Our novel approach to next-phrase prediction within the Llama 2 model architecture significantly enhances both the accuracy and efficiency of text generation, setting it apart from traditional next-word prediction methods. Through the implementation of a dual-stage encoder-decoder framework, integrated attention mechanisms, and reinforcement learning techniques, the modified model achieves substantial improvements in BLEU and ROUGE scores, as well as reductions in perplexity, latency, and computational resource usage. Extensive evaluations across diverse datasets demonstrate the model's robustness and generalizability, showing its potential to significantly advance applications reliant on advanced language modeling capabilities. The research highlights the importance of continual innovation in optimizing model architectures and training methodologies to meet the growing demands of various natural language processing tasks. By systematically addressing the limitations of existing approaches, the study contributes valuable insights and methodologies to the field, paving the way for more efficient and accurate language models in real-time applications.
Evaluation of fertilizer type and rate of application on tomato fruit quality
Authors: Zingwari Obey A. , Zendera Willard , Masoso Freddy , Mtaita Taurira , Mutetwa Moses 
Published: August 2024

Growing vegetables is seen as a promising method for ensuring sustainable food and nutrition security in the tropics. The rise in demand for tomatoes in this region has influenced production practices and strategies to meet local and export needs. Many tropical countries have expanded their tomato cultivation to fulfill local demand and potentially generate income from exports, as they have become increasingly important for food and nutrition security. Various successful production systems have been implemented around the world to grow tomatoes. However, Zimbabwean farmers are experiencing decreased yields and shorter shelf lives of tomatoes due to insufficient use of calcium, despite the pivotal role agrochemicals have played in boosting global agricultural production. This study aimed to assess the impact of different types and levels of basal chemical fertilizers on tomato quality. The three types of basal fertilizers used were Compound D [7:14:7], Gypsum, and a combination of both in equal proportions. These fertilizers were applied at rates of 50, 100, and 200 kg/ha. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications was utilized for the study. Tomato quality parameters such as ripe fruit count, size, disease prevalence, firmness, total soluble solids, weight loss, and shelf-life were measured. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) between the application rates and types of basal chemical fertilizers. The combination of Compound D and Gypsum had the most noTable effect, as the addition of calcium and sulfur improved the quality of tomato fruits. Ultimately, it was concluded that the best tomato quality was achieved when using a combination of Compound D and Gypsum at a rate of 200 kg/ha. These findings highlight the urgent need to promote the use of gypsum in tomato production
Nutrient intake and digestibility of West Africa Dwarf rams fed basal diet supplemented with multi-nutrient block
Authors: Abdulsalam Sherifdeen , Jinadu Kabiru Babatunde , Adekanbi Oyefunke Abidemi , Abdulkabir Anif Olalekan , Olayide Akingbade Aderemi , Bolatito Adenike Oluronke , Akinwande Adedayo Amos 
Published: August 2024

Thirty-five (35) West African Dwarf rams (WAD) with an average weight of 13.60+0.2 kg were used to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility of WAD rams fed basal diet supplemented with multi-nutrient block in a Completely Randomized Design. Multi-nutrient blocks were compounded containing varying levels of Corn Bran (CB) substituting Molasses (M) with CB 0:M 0 %, CB 10 %; M 20 %, CB 20 %; M 10 %, CB 30 %; M 0 % and CB 0 %: M 30 % as treatments 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively. The trial lasted for fourteen (14) weeks. After the feeding study, the animals were allotted into metabolic cages for separate feeding, faecal and urine sample collection for digestibility trial of WAD rams. The basal diet fed was (Megathyrsus maximus). Data collected data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results obtained showed that multi-nutrient feed block did not significantly affect nutrient intake (p>0.05). The dry matter intake of the basal diet (Megathyrsus maximus) ranged from 278.81–326.66 g/day and varied significantly across dietary treatments (p<0.05). Multi-nutrient supplementation had a positive significant (p<0.05) effect on all nutrient digestibility parameters. The digestibility of dry matter ranged from 88.94 to 90.44 %, crude protein from 79.92 to 86.26 %, and neutral detergent fiber from 64.42 to 78.57 %. Based on this recent finding, a multi-nutrient feed block supplemented to a basal diet (Megathyrsus maximus) has no significant influence on nutrient intake but has the potential to be utilized to feed ruminants during the dry season for higher feed utilization of WAD rams
In vitro gas fermentation kinetics of compounded diets containing varying levels of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal
Authors: Jinadu Kabiru Babatunde , Oluwatosin Omonuwa Bamidele , Oyefunke Adekanbi Abidemi , Abdulkabir Olalekan Anif , Abdulsalam Sherifdeen , Bolatito Adenike Oluronke , Akinwande Amos Adedayo 
Published: August 2024

The study investigated in vitro gas fermentation kinetics of compounded diets containing different quantities of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTFM). Three replicates of each dietary sample (200 mg) were incubated in buffered rumen liquor for 48 hours and the parameters such as in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and methane gas (CH4) were determined using in vitro gas production technique. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the gathered data. The IVDMD exhibited substantial variation (p<0.05) among treatments. The diet with 1.0 % Tetrapleura tetraptera had the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which may be useful for effective feed conversion efficiency. The acetate and propionate with total volatile fatty acids raised the inclusion levels of TTFM in the rams' diet by 1.5 to 2.0 %. Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit meal can be added to ruminant diets at a rate of up to 2.0 % to increase daily weight gain, nitrogen utilization, and nutrient digestibility, resulting in better storage of energy