bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The introduction of the newest biotechnologies is necessary for sustainable agricultural development and needs the sufficient investments
Authors: Nechaev Vasily , Gaponenko Alex 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Authors of the analytical report «World Agriculture Towards 2030/2050» made conclusion that growing global demand for food cannot be satisfied if the agricultural production in the world does not increase by 60% for the next 40 years (Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012). This could be achieved only by increase the plants productivity, not at the expense of expansion farms land, because to 2050 area of world lands will grow on 5%. World population growth and reduction of the world area planted with wheat has alerted governments of G20, which adopted “The International Research Initiative for Wheat Improvement”. Wheat biotechnology rapidly evolves throughout the world. In 2009 three major wheat exporting countries have signed the declaration to speed up the commercialization of GM-wheat. In this article we evaluated the genetic engineering achievements, and their usage for increasing profitability of wheat.
L’Économie successorale dans Pride and Prejudice
Authors: Massei-Chamayou Marie-Laure 
Published: January 2014

Le motif de l’héritage dans Pride and Prejudice, et plus
précisément l’entail, est le support d’une critique du système patriarcal, qui
entravait l’accès des femmes au pouvoir financier. Signe de la lucidité de
Jane Austen sur les conséquences des pratiques de l’élite foncière anglaise,
seul le recours au genre de la romance annule les effets pernicieux de l’entail et conduit l’héroïne à un bon mariage. Cependant, Austen prend ses distances avec toute représentation stéréotypée du problème de la
substitution d’héritage, puisque le narrateur souligne aussi la part de responsabilité des individus dans la gestion financière. Enfin, par ses
connotations phalliques qui semblent faire fusionner l’économique et le
sexuel, le motif de l’entail fonctionne comme point de départ d’un
questionnement plus audacieux sur la notion de gender.
La Royal Academy of Arts ou le compromis patricien
Authors: Labica Thierry 
Published: January 2014

This paper offers an interpretation of the historical significance of the Royal Academy of Arts in the early years of its foundation. In a transitional age from an ailing manorial paradigm of obligation-deference to the rising industrial society of the early 19th century, the Academy is understood here as inaugurating a strategy of relocation and sheltering of the aristocratic ethos. The paper first sets out to identify the converging forces of dislocation in the second half of the 18th century. It then argues that the institution and its governing rituals operated as an expanded version of Shaftesbury’s ideal of polite conversation, now materialising
as an apparatus of social regulation through an increasingly autonomised notion of culture. In this perspective, the foundation of the RA will be understood as an emblematic stage in the formation of what was still to become a much more
extensive "civilising” educative as well asmoral and statistical state.
Bible(s) de prédicateurs : les « beaux sermons » de la théorie à la pratique
Authors: Deconinck - Brossard Françoise 
Published: January 2014

Prescriptive literature on the art of preaching emphasized the necessary connection between any sermon and the Biblical text on which it elaborates. However, eighteenth-century preachers commonly used the epigraph only as an excuse, as the small case study in this article shows. The corpus comprises the manuscripts of John Sharp III, compared with the printed homilies of Laurence Sterne, as well as a small sample of sermons published in the 1710s. Scriptural allusions permeated not only the exordium, but also the whole body of the discourse. They mainly referred to the Authorised Version of 1611, though the Psalms were equally cited in the translation of the Psalter annexed to the Book of Common Prayer, and some Biblical books were quoted more frequently than others. Although the
preachers’ exegesis was based on a wide range of secondary sources, it was
not always unbiased.
Sensibility, Medicine and the Novel in the Late Hanoverian Period
Authors: Bour Isabelle 
Published: January 2014

Cet article examine divers romans de la fin de la période hanovrienne qui illustrent l’abandon du modèle de la sensibilité -lequel associait physiologie, morale, esthétique et épistémologie - au profit d’une science de l’esprit qui sépare la neuro-physiologie de la psychologie, ou plutôt qui envisage leurs rapports de manière dialectique. Plusieurs traités
sur les nerfs sont étudiés, où l’on voit le dilemme d’auteurs qui craignent
les implications matérialistes de la science physiologique tout en rejetant des théories purement psychologiques des phénomènes mentaux. Le lien
entre sensibilité et discours politique est mis en rapport avec l’évolution de la médecine. Frankenstein (1818) est le roman qui fait l’objet de l’étude la
plus détaillée : on s’emploie à montrer que, contrairement à ce qu’argue
Marilyn Butler, le personnage de Frankenstein est un matérialiste, non un vitaliste.
First South AmericanAgathis(Araucariaceae), Eocene of Patagonia
Authors: Wilf Peter , Escapa Ignacio H. , Cúneo N. Rubén , Kooyman Robert M. , Johnson Kirk R. , Iglesias Ari 
Published: January 2014

•Premise of the study: Agathisis an iconic genus of large, ecologically important, and economically valuable conifers that range over lowland to upper montane rainforests from New Zealand to Sumatra. Exploitation of its timber and copal has greatly reduced the genus's numbers. The early fossil record ofAgathiscomes entirely from Australia, often presumed to be its area of origin.Agathishas no previous record from South America.•Methods:We describe abundant macrofossils ofAgathisvegetative and reproductive organs, from early and middle Eocene rainforest paleofloras of Patagonia, Argentina. The leaves were formerly assigned to the New World cycad genusZamia.•Key results: Agathis zamuneraesp. nov. is the first South American occurrence and the most complete representation ofAgathisin the fossil record. Its morphological features are fully consistent with the living genus. The most similar living species isA. lenticula, endemic to lower montane rainforests of northern Borneo.•Conclusions: Agathis zamuneraesp. nov. demonstrates the presence of modern‐aspectAgathisby 52.2 mya and vastly increases the early range and possible areas of origin of the genus. The revision fromZamiabreaks another link between the Eocene and living floras of South America.Agathiswas a dominant, keystone element of the Patagonian Eocene floras, alongside numerous other plant taxa that still associate with it in Australasia and Southeast Asia.Agathisextinction in South America was an integral part of the transformation of Patagonian biomes over millions of years, but the living species are disappearing from their ranges at a far greater rate.
Tetraacylated Lipid A and Paclitaxel-Selective Activation of TLR4/MD-2 Conferred through Hydrophobic Interactions
Authors: Resman Nuša , Oblak Alja , Gioannini Theresa L. , Weiss Jerrold P. , Jerala Roman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
LPS exerts potent immunostimulatory effects through activation of the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex. The hexaacylated lipid A is an agonist of mouse (mTLR4) and human TLR4/MD-2, whereas the tetraacylated lipid IVa and paclitaxel activate only mTLR4/MD-2 and antagonize activation of the human receptor complex. Hydrophobic mutants of TLR4 or MD-2 were used to investigate activation of human embryonic kidney 293 cells by different TLR4 agonists. We show that each of the hydrophobic residues F438 and F461, which are located on the convex face of leucine-rich repeats 16 and 17 of the mTLR4 ectodomain, are essential for activation of with lipid IVa and paclitaxel, which, although not a structural analog of LPS, activates cells expressing mTLR4/MD-2. Both TLR4 mutants were inactive when stimulated with lipid IVa or paclitaxel, but retained significant activation when stimulated with LPS or hexaacylated lipid A. We show that the phenylalanine residue at position 126 of mouse MD-2 is indispensable only for activation with paclitaxel. Its replacement with leucine or valine completely abolished activation with paclitaxel while preserving the responsiveness to lipid IVa and lipid A. This suggests specific interaction of paclitaxel with F126 because its replacement with leucine even augmented activation by lipid A. These results provide an insight into the molecular mechanism of TLR4 activation by two structurally very different agonists.
L’accompagnement d’une communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle en réseau au service du développement professionnel de ses membres
Authors: Hamel Christine , Turcotte Sandrine , Laferrière Thérèse 
Published: January 2014

Les communautés d’apprentissage professionnelles sont vues comme une force de changement de l’intérieur même de l’école (DuFour et Eaker, 1998). Elles sont présentes dans une école qui cherche à s’améliorer et à réfléchir sur son rôle – au Québec : instruire, socialiser et qualifier – dans l’apprentissage des élèves et leur réussite scolaire. Le réseau Internet, pour sa part, est reconnu pour l’accès à des ressources, à des personnes, et vu comme une force de ralliement et de collaboration. Quelles incidences a pu avoir la combinaison de l’utilisation du réseau et de l’application des principes de la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle sur une petite école dans une région éloignée du Québec? Notre étude ethnographique, au moyen de l’observation participante, a conduit au repérage des attributs de la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle que le réseau Internet a permis de soutenir et de stimuler. Ce développement professionnel en réseau a été proposé à des enseignantes d’une très petite école primaire/secondaire du nord du Québec. L’étude fait ressortir les suites de l’accompagnement en réseau sur cette communauté, notamment la satisfaction des personnes participantes, de même que les retombées sur les compétences professionnelles des enseignantes.
Vivre une CAP
Authors: Peters Martine , Savoie-Zajc Lorraine 
Published: January 2014

Dans cet article, les auteures considèrent la communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle (CAP) en tant que dispositif riche et pertinent de formation continue à l’intérieur duquel les participants s’engagent dans un processus dynamique d’ajustement de pratique. Le but du présent texte est de dégager l’appréciation de participants à des CAP en lien avec leur développement professionnel. Les données tirées d’un questionnaire bilan proposeront des réponses aux questions suivantes : 1) Quelles sont les forces et les faiblesses d’une CAP telles que perçues par les participants? 2) Quels sont les bénéfices de la participation à une CAP pour des enseignants?
Processus de construction d’une communauté de pratique : l’expérience d’une formation continue en milieu scolaire
Authors: Michaud Clémence , Bouchamma Yamina 
Published: January 2014

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche sur le processus de construction de communautés de pratique menée dans une école francophone du Nouveau-Brunswick, dans le contexte de la réforme du secondaire renouvelé qui s’appuie sur les fondements du cognitivisme et du socioconstructivisme. L’expérimentation, d’une durée totale de 30 heures, a permis de recueillir des données auprès de deux communautés de pratique qui regroupaient huit enseignantes du secondaire et une directrice adjointe. Le cadre conceptuel choisi pour analyser les processus de changement et les mécanismes qui entrent en jeu dans les communautés de pratique est celui de la construction du collectif décrite par Latour (2004). La méthodologie de collecte et d’analyse des données est qualitative et l’analyse s’inspire de l’approche narrative (Clandinin et Connelly, 2000).
L’analyse des données a permis de distinguer trois phases de la création des communautés de pratique : la mise en place de la diversité, la narration des expériences et la négociation du changement. Cet article précise en conclusion les défis du développement d’une culture de collaboration dans un contexte de réforme.
Evanescent wave coupling in a geophysical system: Airborne acoustic signals from the Mw 8.1 Macquarie Ridge earthquake
Authors: Evers L. G. , Brown D. , Heaney K. D. , Assink J. D. , Smets P. S. M. , Snellen M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAtmospheric low‐frequency sound, i.e., infrasound, from underwater events has not been considered thus far, due to the high impedance contrast of the water‐air interface making it almost fully reflective. Here we report for the first time on atmospheric infrasound from a large underwater earthquake (Mw 8.1) near the Macquarie Ridge, which was recorded at 1325 km from the epicenter. Seismic waves coupled to hydroacoustic waves at the ocean floor, after which the energy entered the Sound Fixing and Ranging channel and was detected on a hydrophone array. The energy was diffracted by a seamount and an oceanic ridge, which acted as a secondary source, into the water column followed by coupling into the atmosphere. The latter results from evanescent wave coupling and the attendant anomalous transparency of the sea surface for very low frequency acoustic waves.
Preparation and Biosafety Evaluation of the Peptide Dendron Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanohybrid
Authors: Pan Dayi , Guo Chunhua , Luo Kui , Gu Zhongwei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been extensively studied and proposed as promising candidates for numerous biomedical applications. In this study, we report the design, preparation, characterization and biosafety evaluation of peptide dendron functionalized mesoporous silica nanohybrid. This nanohybrid was prepared by surface modification of MSNs via click reaction of azido‐MSNs with alkynyl peptide dendrons, and characterized by TEM, SEM, TGA, dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro cytotoxicity of the nanohybrid was evaluated against different cell lines by CCK‐8 assay. The in vivo toxicity evaluation was measured by body weight shift, blood routine test and histological analysis, suggesting that the peptide functionalized nanohybrid possessed good biocompatibility due to the non‐observed significant side effects to normal organs of healthy mice. Overall, considering our results we believe that the peptide dendron functionalized mesoporous silica nanohybrid is very promising in further biomedical applications.
Self‐assembly of DNA Origami Using Rolling Circle Amplification Based DNA Nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Bing , Ouyang Xiangyuan , Chao Jie , Liu Huajie , Zhao Yun , Fan Chunhai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring the development of structural DNA nanotechnology, the emerging of scaffolded DNA origami is marvelous. It utilizes DNA double helix inherent specificity of Watson‐Crick base pairing and structural features to create self‐assembling structures at the nanometer scale exhibiting the addressable character. However, the assembly of DNA origami is disorderly and unpredictable. Herein, we present a novel strategy to assemble the DNA origami using rolling circle amplification based DNA nanoribbons as the linkers. Firstly, long single‐stranded DNA from Rolling Circle Amplification is annealed with several staples to form kinds of DNA nanoribbons with overhangs. Subsequently, the rectangle origami is formed with overhanged staple strands at any edge that would hybridize with the DNA nanoribbons. By mixing them up, we illustrate the one‐dimensional even two‐dimensional assembly of DNA origami with good orientation.
Synthesis and Properties of a Biodegradable Dendritic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent
Authors: Li Tingting , Qian Yue , Ye Mingzhou , Tang Jianbin , Hu Hongjie , Shen Youqing 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNovel biodegradable dendritic contrast agents (DCAs) based on polyester dendrimers were synthesized and characterized. The DCAs were stable at acidic pH, but hydrolyzed rapidly at physiological pH, which rendered the DCA's long‐term Gd3+ retention as low as that of small molecule CAs. Their longitudinal relaxivities of 10.2 to 17.5 L·mmol−1·s−1 were about 2.4 to 4.1 times higher than that of DTPA‐Gd, indicating their superior contrast‐enhancing capability to the clinically used contrast agent. The in vivo MRI study suggested that the DCA at lower generation (G2‐DTPA‐Gd) could effectively enhance the MRI of tumor, while the one at higher generation (G5‐DTPA‐Gd) showed more potential in liver imaging.
Soil clay influences Acacia encroachment in a South African grassland
Authors: Grellier Séraphine , Florsch Nicolas , Janeau Jean‐Louis , Podwojewski Pascal , Camerlynck Christian , Barot Sébastien , Ward David , Lorentz Simon 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBecause of technical difficulties in measuring soil properties at a large scale, little is known about the effect of soil properties on the spatial distribution of trees in grasslands. We were interested in the associations of soil properties with the phenomenon of tree encroachment, where trees increase in density at the expense of grasses. The spatial variation of soil properties and especially soil texture may modify the properties of hydraulic conductivity, and the availability of soil water and mineral nutrients, which in turn may affect the spatial distribution of encroaching trees. Through the development of a geophysical method (Slingram) using an electromagnetic device EM38 and Bayesian inversion, we were able to accurately map soil electrical conductivity (EC) of a Luvisol in a grassland of South Africa. EC measured at the 0·8 to 2 m depth on a 1·5 ha area is a proxy for clay content and was correlated with the spatial distribution of four size classes of the encroaching Acacia sieberiana. Tree location (all sizes considered) was significantly correlated with EC. Tall acacias (>3m height) were totally absent from patches with EC >24 mS m−1. For all other size classes from medium trees to seedlings, tree density decreased with increasing EC. This suggests that high clay contents at depth associated with high EC values may prevent the establishment and/or survival of trees and influence the spatial distribution of A. sieberiana. This result also shows that geophysical tools may be useful for demonstrating important ecological processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indicators for proper management of surgical drains following pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Uemura Kenichiro , Murakami Yoshiaki , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Kondo Naru , Nakagawa Naoya , Sasaki Hayato , Ohge Hiroki , Sueda Taijiro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe indicators for proper drain management following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain unclear. Our aim was to identify appropriate timing and proper indicators for safe drain management after PD.MethodsProspectively collected data from 200 patients who underwent PD were evaluated. Postoperative clinical factors for clinically relevant pancreatic fistulas (CR‐POPFs) and management of surgically placed drains were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsCR‐POPFs occurred in 8% of patients. By logistic regression analysis, one factor (non‐serous fluid in the drain) on postoperative day (POD) 1 and two factors (non‐serous fluid in the drain and serum CRP levels) on POD 3 and 4 were significantly associated with CR‐POPFs. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that combined predictive factors on POD 4 were the most accurate.Of 163 patients with serous fluid in the drain and CRP <15.6 mg/dl on POD 4, 1% had CR‐POPFs, but no patient required POPF‐related re‐drainage.In contrast, among 37 patients with non‐serous fluid in the drain or CRP levels ≥15.6 mg/dl, 35% had CR‐POPFs, and 8% required POPF‐related re‐drainage.ConclusionsA combination of CRP levels and the color of surgical drain fluid, not POD1 or 3, but on POD 4, may be the most accurate indicators for safe drain management following PD. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:702–707. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Candidate gene analysis using genomic quantitative PCR: identification of ADAMTS13 large deletions in two patients with Upshaw‐Schulman syndrome
Authors: Eura Yuka , Kokame Koichi , Takafuta Toshiro , Tanaka Ryojiro , Kobayashi Hikaru , Ishida Fumihiro , Hisanaga Shuichi , Matsumoto Masanori , Fujimura Yoshihiro , Miyata Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDirect sequencing is a popular method to discover mutations in candidate genes responsible for hereditary diseases. A certain type of mutation, however, can be missed by the method. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to complement the weakness of direct sequencing. Upshaw‐Schulman syndrome (USS) is a recessively inherited disease associated with severe deficiency of plasma ADAMTS13 activity. We previously analyzed ADAMTS13 in 47 USS patients using direct sequencing, and 44 of them had either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations. Then, we sought to reveal more extensive defects of ADAMTS13 in the remaining three patients. We quantified copy numbers of each ADAMTS13 exon in the patients by using genomic qPCR. Each primer pair was designed to contain at least one of the two primers used in direct sequencing, to avoid missing any exonic deletions. The qPCR demonstrated heterozygous loss of exons 7 and 8 in one patient and exon 27 in the other, and further analysis revealed c.746_987+373del1782 and c.3751_3892+587del729, respectively. Genomic qPCR provides an effective method for identifying extensive defects of the target genes.
Estimating the incremental net health benefit of requirements for cardiovascular risk evaluation for diabetes therapies
Authors: Chawla Anita J. , Mytelka Daniel S. , McBride Stephan D. , Nellesen Dave , Elkins Benjamin R. , Ball Daniel E. , Kalsekar Anupama , Towse Adrian , Garrison Louis P. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of pre‐approval requirements for safety data to detect cardiovascular (CV) risk contained in the December 2008 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance for developing type 2 diabetes drugs compared with the February 2008 FDA draft guidance from the perspective of diabetes population health.MethodsWe applied the incremental net health benefit (INHB) framework to quantify the benefits and risks of investigational diabetes drugs using a common survival metric (life‐years [LYs]). We constructed a decision analytic model for clinical program development consistent with the requirements of each guidance and simulated diabetes drugs, some of which had elevated CV risk. Assuming constant research budgets, we estimate the impact of increased trial size on drugs investigated. We aggregate treatment benefit and CV risks for each approved drug over a 35‐year horizon under each guidance.ResultsThe quantitative analysis suggests that the December 2008 guidance adversely impacts diabetes population health. INHB was −1.80 million LYs, attributable to delayed access to diabetes therapies (−0.18 million LYs) and fewer drugs (−1.64 million LYs), but partially offset by reduced CV risk exposure (0.02 million LYs). Results were robust in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThe health outcomes impact of all potential benefits and risks should be evaluated in a common survival measure, including health gain from avoided adverse events, lost health benefits from delayed or forgone efficacious products, and impact of alternative policy approaches. Quantitative analysis of the December 2008 FDA guidance for diabetes therapies indicates that negative impact on patient health will result. © 2014 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.