bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium using the generalized linear model
Authors: XU SHIZHONG 
Published: December 2012

SummaryCurrent methods for detecting Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD) only deal with one locus at a time. We developed a method that can jointly detect HWD for multiple loci. The method was developed under the generalized linear model (GLM) using the probit link function. When applied to a single locus, the new method is more powerful than the exact test. When applied to two or more loci, the method can reduce false positives caused by linkage disequilibrium (LD). We applied the method to 24 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers of a single human gene and eliminated several false positive HWDs due to LD. We developed an R package ‘hwdglm’ for joint HWD detection, which can be downloaded from our personal website (www.statgen.ucr.edu).
Approaching the “cold curve” in laser-driven shock wave experiment of a matter precompressed by a partially perforated diamond anvil
Authors: Nissim N. , Eliezer S. , Werdiger M. , Perelmutter L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper suggests a novel route to approach the cold compression curve in laser-plasma induced shock waves. This effect is achieved with a precompression in a diamond anvil cell (DAC). In order to keep the necessary structure of one dimensional shock wave it is required to use a diamond anvil cell with a partially perforated diamond anvil. Precompression pressures of about 50 GPa, that are an order of magnitude higher than the currently reported pressures, are possible to obtain with presentley existing diamond anvil cell technology. The precompressed Hugoniot of Al was calculated for different precompression pressures and it was found that at precompression pressure of 50 GPa the Hugoniot follows the “cold curve” up to about 2 Mbar and 5.2 g/cc. Furthermore, the thermal relative contribution on the Hugoniot curves is calculated.
FIGURINES ARE US? THE SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF JAINA ISLAND, CAMPECHE, MEXICO
Authors: McVicker Donald 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDespite the recognition by many scholars of the high esthetic value of Jaina-style figurines, they present a number of analytic problems. Their functions remain obscure, and their role in Late Classic period Maya society has not been adequately examined. Throughout southeastern Mesoamerica, with few exceptions, all figurines and fragments are found in domestic contexts, mostly trash heaps; on Jaina, most examples come from graves. This article addresses the question of Jaina exceptionalism. It places its unique features in the broader context of Terminal Classic political and economic developments that were sweeping across the northern Maya Lowlands. Here I argue that the use of figurines in domestic rituals determined their appropriateness for placement in a particular grave, rather than the age, sex, or occupation of the deceased.
Between Class War on All Fronts and Anti-Political Autonomy: The Contested Place of Politics in the Working-Class Movements of Leipzig and Lyon during the Inter-War Years
Authors: HÄBERLEN JOACHIM C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article investigates the contested boundaries of the political within the working-class movements in Leipzig and Lyon at the end of the Weimar Republic and during the Popular Front. What the appropriate issues and places of politics should be was a question that was highly contested among the organisations of the local working-class movements in both cities. The article argues that an over-politicisation of the left-proletarian milieu in Leipzig contributed to the working-class movement's failure successfully to mobilise against the Nazis, while the dynamics of politicisation in Lyon helped the formation of the Popular Front in Lyon, but then contributed to its rapid collapse.
Surface reflectance of Mars observed by CRISM/MRO: 2. Estimation of surface photometric properties in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum
Authors: Fernando J. , Schmidt F. , Ceamanos X. , Pinet P. , Douté S. , Daydou Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe present article proposes an approach to analyze the photometric properties of the surface materials from multi‐angle observations acquired by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on‐board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. We estimate photometric parameters using Hapke's model in a Bayesian inversion framework. This work also represents a validation of the atmospheric correction provided by the Multi‐angle Approach for Retrieval of Surface Reflectance from CRISM Observations (MARS‐ReCO) proposed in the companion article. The latter algorithm retrieves photometric curves of surface materials in reflectance units after removing the aerosol contribution. This validation is done by comparing the estimated photometric parameters to those obtained from in situ measurements by Panoramic Camera instrument at the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Spirit and MER Opportunity landing sites. Consistent photometric parameters with those from in situ measurements are found, demonstrating that MARS‐ReCO gives access to accurate surface reflectance. Moreover, the assumption of a non‐Lambertian surface as included in MARS‐ReCO is shown to be significantly more precise to estimate surface photometric properties from space in comparison to methods based on a Lambertian surface assumption. In the future, the presented method will allow us to map from orbit the surface bidirectional reflectance and the related photometric parameters in order to characterize the Martian surface.
Regulation of the actin-activated MgATPase activity ofAcanthamoebamyosin II by phosphorylation of serine 639 in motor domain loop 2
Authors: Liu Xiong , Lee Duck-Yeon , Cai Shutao , Yu Shuhua , Shu Shi , Levine Rodney L. , Korn Edward D. 
Published: December 2012

SignificanceMyosin II from the soil amoebaAcanthamoeba castellaniiis a member of the largest of the 35 classes of the superfamily of molecular motors that, together with actin filaments, convert the energy of hydrolysis of ATP into force or motion that drives numerous cellular and intracellular processes. In this paper we show that the actin-activated ATPase ofAcanthamoebamyosin II is regulated by phosphorylation of a specific serine in a region of the myosin motor domain that is known to be at the myosin–actin interface. No other myosin has been shown to be regulated in this way.
DOES VOLUNTEERING CAUSE TRUST?
Authors: Sivesind Karl Henrik , Pospíšilová Tereza , Frič Pavol 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Social capital theory expects volunteering to generate general social trust, while critics point out that there is little evidence to support this claim. The purpose of this article is to show that volunteering can cause trust, depending on the institutional context and the types of organizations for which people volunteer. The data are from representative population surveys conducted in Norway and the Czech Republic in 2009. The analysis shows that in institutional contexts with impartial and reliable institutions, as in the case of Norway, general social trust is very high in comparative perspective, and the experience of volunteering has little additional effect. However, volunteering boosts institutional trust because volunteers get in touch with a political and administrative system that supports and interacts with the voluntary sector. This applies particularly to voluntary organizations in culture, sports, and recreation. In contrast, in an institutional context with elements of clientelism and corruption, as in the case of the Czech Republic, there is no positive effect on institutional trust. However, the level of general social trust is low and the collaborative experience of volunteering can generate social trust. This applies particularly to voluntary organizations that are not associated with the established political culture.
SwiftLink: parallel MCMC linkage analysis using multicore CPU and GPU
Authors: Medlar Alan , Głowacka Dorota , Stanescu Horia , Bryson Kevin , Kleta Robert 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Motivation: Linkage analysis remains an important tool in elucidating the genetic component of disease and has become even more important with the advent of whole exome sequencing, enabling the user to focus on only those genomic regions co-segregating with Mendelian traits. Unfortunately, methods to perform multipoint linkage analysis scale poorly with either the number of markers or with the size of the pedigree. Large pedigrees with many markers can only be evaluated with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods that are slow to converge and, as no attempts have been made to exploit parallelism, massively underuse available processing power. Here, we describe SWIFTLINK, a novel application that performs MCMC linkage analysis by spreading the computational burden between multiple processor cores and a graphics processing unit (GPU) simultaneously. SWIFTLINK was designed around the concept of explicitly matching the characteristics of an algorithm with the underlying computer architecture to maximize performance.
Results: We implement our approach using existing Gibbs samplers redesigned for parallel hardware. We applied SWIFTLINK to a real-world dataset, performing parametric multipoint linkage analysis on a highly consanguineous pedigree with EAST syndrome, containing 28 members, where a subset of individuals were genotyped with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In our experiments with a four core CPU and GPU, SWIFTLINK achieves a 8.5× speed-up over the single-threaded version and a 109× speed-up over the popular linkage analysis program SIMWALK.
Availability: SWIFTLINK is available at https://github.com/ajm/swiftlink. All source code is licensed under GPLv3.
Contact: alan.j.medlar@helsinki.fi
Low blood pressure predicts increased mortality in very old age even without heart failure: the Leiden 85‐plus Study
Authors: Poortvliet Rosalinde K.E. , Blom Jeanet W. , de Craen Anton J.M. , Mooijaart Simon P. , Westendorp Rudi G.J. , Assendelft Willem J.J. , Gussekloo Jacobijn , de Ruijter Wouter 
Published: December 2012

AimsTo investigate whether low systolic blood pressure is predictive for increased mortality risk in 90‐year‐old subjects without heart failure, defined by low levels of NT‐proBNP, as well as in 90‐year‐old subjects with high levels of NT‐proBNP.Methods and resultsThis study was embedded in the Leiden 85‐plus Study, an observational population‐based prospective study. All 90‐year‐old participants (n = 267) were included between 2002 and 2004 and followed up for mortality for at least 5 years. Differences in mortality risks were compared between participants with low systolic blood pressure (≤150 mmHg) and high systolic blood pressure (>150 mmHg) within strata of low NT‐proBNP (<284 pg/mL for women and <306 pg/mL for men = lowest tertile) vs. high NT‐proBNP (middle and highest tertile) at age 90 years. During maximal follow‐up of 7.2 years, 212 participants (79%) died. Among participants with low NT‐proBNP, low systolic blood pressure gave a two‐fold increased risk (hazard ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.4) compared with participants with high systolic blood pressure. For participants with high NT‐proBNP, low systolic blood pressure provided a 1.7 increased mortality risk (95% confidence interval 1.2–2.3) compared with high systolic blood pressure.ConclusionLow systolic blood pressure is predictive for increased mortality risk in 90‐year‐old subjects, irrespective of the NT‐proBNP level. Therefore, the absence or presence of heart failure as determined by NT‐proBNP does not influence the prognostic value of low systolic blood pressure with regard to mortality in the oldest old.
Histamine‐2 Receptor Blockers Alter the Fecal Microbiota in Premature Infants
Authors: Gupta Raegan W. , Tran Lynn , Norori Johana , Ferris Michael J. , Eren A. Murat , Taylor Christopher M. , Dowd Scot E. , Penn Duna 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjectives:Bacterial colonization is considered a major risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that histamine‐2 receptor (H2‐) blockers alter colonic bacterial colonization by analyzing and comparing the fecal microbiota in premature infants with and without H2‐blocker therapy using sensitive molecular biological techniques.Methods:Seventy‐six premature infants ≤1500 g or <34 weeks gestation were enrolled in this case‐controlled, cross‐sectional study. Stool samples were collected from 25 infants receiving H2‐blockers and 51 babies who had never received them. Following DNA extraction and PCR amplification of 16S rRNA, 454 pyrosequencing was undertaken and the resulting sequences were subjected to comparison with published sequence libraries.Results:Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the major phyla contributing to fecal microbial communities. Microbial diversity was lower, relative abundance of Proteobacteria (primarily of the family Enterobacteriaceae) was increased, whereas that of Firmicutes was decreased in the stools of infants receiving H2‐blockers compared with those who had never received them.Conclusions:Although not designed to look specifically at the effect of H2‐blockers on the incidence of NEC, our study suggests that their use lowers fecal microbial diversity and shifts the microfloral pattern toward Proteobacteria. These alterations in fecal microbiota may predispose the vulnerable immature gut to necrotizing enterocolitis and suggest prudence in the use of H2‐blockers in the premature infant.
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and the Preterm Infant Carotenoid Status
Authors: Chan Gary M. , Chan Melissa M. , Gellermann Werner , Ermakov Igor , Ermakova Maia , Bhosale Prakash , Bernstein Paul , Rau Carrie 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to validate the noninvasive resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) method in infants in comparison with the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and to evaluate the carotenoid status in preterm infants fed with mother's milk or formula.Methods:In the first phase of the study, resonance Raman measurements were made on male term infants' skin and correlated with tissue harvested at the time of circumcision. Each baby's foreskin was weighed, enzymatically digested, and the total carotenoids were extracted and quantitated by the HPLC. Next, to evaluate the carotenoid status of preterm infants (BW <1500 g), the skin and serum carotenoids in infants fed with either human milk or preterm formula were studied from the start of feedings and every 2 weeks until hospital discharge. Skin carotenoids were measured by RRS and the serum total carotenoids by HPLC.Results:Foreskin carotenoid levels measured by RRS correlated with HPLC measurements of total serum carotenoids (R = 0.52, P < 0.01, n = 16). Forty preterm infants were studied for their carotenoid status. Thirty‐two infants were fed mother's milk, whereas 8 were fed a preterm infant formula that was not enriched with carotenoids. The gestation and birth weight of the 2 feeding groups were similar. The infants fed human milk had a higher serum total carotenoid concentration and skin Raman counts than formula‐fed infants. The skin Raman counts and total serum carotenoid correlated (R = 0.44, P = 0.01). The human milk–fed infants' serum total carotenoid concentrations and Raman values did not change during the study period; however, the formula‐fed group's total serum and skin carotenoid decreased significantly during the study.Conclusions:RRS of infant's skin reliably assesses total carotenoid status noninvasively. Human milk–fed preterm infants have higher serum and skin carotenoids than formula‐fed infants suggesting that formula‐fed infants may benefit from carotenoid supplementation.
Research assessment and the activity hypothesis
Authors: Lansley Peter 
Published: December 2012

PurposeAnalyses of the results of research assessment exercises (RAEs) carried out in the UK in 1996 and 2001 supported a simple hypothesis, that the grade awarded to a university department can be related to its level of activity in terms of, for example, number of research students, research studentships secured, research degrees awarded, research funded from external sources, and the profile of publications. The purpose of this paper is to consider the extent to which these relationships prevailed for the most recent RAE in 2008.Design/methodology/approachInformation from 157 departments from five subject areas was subjected to extensive correlation analysis and regression modelling, informed by the findings from analyses of previous RAEs.FindingsAlthough the information submitted by universities to RAE 2008 was the same as for previous RAEs, a different methodology was employed for assessing their performance. Establishing a relationship between the assessments of research quality of departments and measures of activity was more challenging than previously. Differences between subject areas were large and it was not possible to develop a single model applicable to the five subject areas.Practical implicationsDespite the relationship with performance being much less obvious than for previous RAEs, activity levels are important to success, but in different ways in different subject areas.Originality/valueThe paper indicates the extent to which expectations about the importance of key research‐related activities, expressed as simple quantitative measures, are reflected in qualitative assessments of performance, given the increasing complexity and subtlety of the assessment process.
Ultraviolet radiation as a controlling and mutating agent of environmental fungi
Authors: Abdel Hameed A.A. , Ayesh A.M. , Abdel Razik M. , Abdel Mawla H.F. 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVC) on the survivability and susceptibility of some fungal species isolated from the indoor air of agricultural, industry‐related workplaces.Design/methodology/approachEnvironmental fungi were collected from the air of cotton and soybean mills using liquid impinger sampler (AGI‐30). The UVC exposure experiment was performed on Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceous, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium rubrum using UV lamp (λ=254 nm; 0.1 mW/cm2). The susceptibility constant (Z) was used to determine the susceptibility of any given organism to UVC.FindingsThe conidia survival was inversely proportional to the time of UVC exposure and ∼77‐88.5% of conidia were killed within six hours of exposure. Mutant conidia showed a wide range of morphological alterations including damage of their cell walls and features. Mycotoxin production patterns of the mutants Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus changed on comparison with the parental control patterns.Originality/valueThe paper provides information on the effect of UVC radiation on environmental fungi. The results reported in this research discussed the disadvantages of using UVC as a decontaminant of fungi.
A study of resource dependency: the coal supply strategy of the Japanese steel mills – 1960‐2010
Authors: Bowden Bradley , Insch Andrea 
Published: December 2012

PurposeThe development of the Pacific seaborne coal trade since 1960 has been central to East Asia's economic expansion. In exploring the growth of this trade this paper seeks to understand why Japanese steel mills (JSMs), the world's largest coal importers, used few of the strategies that one would expect in the light of resource dependency theory, relying instead on market exchanges.Design/methodology/approachThis study relies primarily on archival sources, held by the Departments of Mines and Natural Resources in Victoria (British Columbia) and Brisbane (Australia) to reconstruct changing patterns of supply and price in the Pacific coal trade.FindingsIt is found that by relying on a strategy that amounted to “vertical quasi‐integration” JSMs were able to use their combined power to dictate the terms of market exchanges with buyers during the 1980 and 1990s. By 2000, however, this strategy had become counter‐productive, as low prices fostered the emergence of a powerful Australian‐based selling oligopoly.Research limitations/implicationsThe study contributes towards the growing study of transnational events, experiences and institutions in management history, filling a noticeable gap in resource dependency theory, which has not previously explored the long‐term consequences of strategies aimed at reducing dependency.Practical implicationsEast Asia has become the major engine for world economic growth and manufacturing output since the 1970s, and this study explores for the first time the genesis and development of the Pacific coal trade that has underpinned this growth.Social implicationsThe study demonstrates the long‐term adverse consequences of attempts to manipulate buyer‐supplier relationships to minimise cost inputs. By creating a low‐cost environment, coal buyers ensured the emergence of a sellers' cartel that eventually forced up world coal prices to the detriment of consumers.Originality/valueNo previous study has attempted a study of a major international commodity trade over such an extensive timeframe. It is likely that similar attempts to manipulate supply and price in other commodity trades will, over time, result in similar outcomes.
Fractionated microneedle radiofrequency for the treatment of periorbital wrinkles
Authors: KIM Jae Kyung , ROH Mi Ryung , PARK Gyeong‐hun , KIM Youn Jin , JEON In Kyung , CHANG Sung Eun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNon‐ablative bipolar and monopolar radiofrequency devices have been shown to be effective for the treatment of facial wrinkles. Recently, novel fractionated microneedle radiofrequency (FMRF) devices have been introduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of FMRF for the treatment of periorbital wrinkles. Eleven women, aged 34–59 years, with periorbital wrinkles underwent three sessions of FMRF at 3‐week intervals with a follow‐up period of 3 months after treatment. Clinical improvement was evaluated using the Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification System (FWCS) and subjective satisfaction on a visual analog scale (VAS). The FWCS scores demonstrated significant improvement in periorbital wrinkles after treatment (P < 0.001). A satisfaction VAS score of more than 5, indicating high satisfaction, was obtained from 10 of 11 patients (91%) 3 months after treatment, and the mean satisfaction VAS score (n = 11) was 6.7. Patients undergoing treatment reported minimal pain, and neither long‐lasting side‐effects nor significant downtime was noted. This clinical study suggests that FMRF is a safe and tolerable method for successful treatment of periorbital wrinkles.
Laboratory procedures for the detection and identification of cutaneous non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infections
Authors: NAKANAGA Kazue , HOSHINO Yoshihiko , YOTSU Rie R. , MAKINO Masahiko , ISHII Norihisa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere is evidence that the incidence of cutaneous non‐tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is increasing worldwide. Novel culture methods and new analytical procedures have led to significant advancements in understanding the origin and progression of NTM infections. Differential identification of NTM isolates is important because culture characteristics and/or sensitivity to anti‐mycobacterium drugs vary between different mycobacterial species. In this manuscript, we describe the latest diagnostic techniques for cutaneous NTM infection and show how these methodologies can be used for the diagnosis of Buruli ulcer in Japan.