bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of intravascular tumor microenvironment features predicting the recurrence of pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kaseda Kaoru , Ishii Genichiro , Aokage Keiju , Takahashi Akiko , Kuwata Takeshi , Hishida Tomoyuki , Yoshida Junji , Kohno Mitsutomo , Nagai Kanji , Ochiai Atsushi 
Published: June 2013

Histological vascular invasion (VI) by tumors is reportedly a risk factor influencing recurrence or survival after surgical treatment; however, few studies have evaluated which VI features affect recurrence or survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate how VI features affect recurrence in lung adenocarcinoma patients. We selected 106 patients with pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma who showed VI and examined the properties of intravascular tumors associated with recurrence. First we investigated the relationship between the frequency of VI in a histological cross‐section and the incidence of recurrence; however, a significant impact was not observed. Microscopic examination revealed the intravascular tumors were composed of not only cancer cells but also non‐cancerous cells. To examine whether the characteristics of intravascular cancer cells and/or non‐cancerous cells have prognostic value, we examined the expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related markers in cancer cells and the numbers of infiltrating non‐cancerous cells, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. High levels of E‐cadherin expression in the intravascular cancer cells were significant predictors of recurrence (P = 0.004), whereas the expressions of CD44, CD44 variant 6, and vimentin were not. Large numbers of intravascular CD204(+) macrophages (P = 0.016), CD34(+) microvessels (P = 0.007), and α‐smooth muscle actin (+) fibroblasts (P = 0.033) were also significant predictors of recurrence. Our results indicated VI with abundant stromal cell infiltrates might be a predictor of recurrence and suggested the tumor microenvironment created by cancer cells and stromal cells within the blood vessel may play an important role during the metastatic process.
Socioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental care services in Europe: what is the role of public coverage?
Authors: Palència Laia , Espelt Albert , Cornejo‐Ovalle Marco , Borrell Carme 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to analyse inequalities in the use of dental care services according to socioeconomic position (SEP) in individuals aged ≥50 years in European countries in 2006, to examine the association between the degree of public coverage of dental services and the extent of inequalities, and specifically to determine whether countries with higher public health coverage show lower inequalities.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study of 12 364 men and 14 692 women aged ≥50 years from 11 European countries. Data were extracted from the second wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE 2006). The dependent variable was use of dental care services within the previous year, and the independent variables were education level as a measure of SEP, whether services were covered to some degree by the country's public health system, and chewing ability as a marker of individuals’ need for dental services. Age‐standardized prevalence of the use of dental care as a function of SEP was calculated, and age‐adjusted indices of relative inequality (RII) were computed for each type of dental coverage, sex and chewing ability.ResultsSocioeconomic inequalities in the use of dental care services were higher in countries where no public dental care cover was provided than in countries where there was some degree of public coverage. For example, men with chewing ability from countries with dental care coverage had a RII of 1.39 (95%CI: 1.29–1.51), while those from countries without coverage had a RII of 1.96 (95%CI: 1.72–2.23). Women without chewing ability from countries with dental care coverage had a RII of 2.15 (95%CI: 1.82–2.52), while those from countries without coverage had a RII of 3.02 (95%CI: 2.47–3.69).ConclusionsDental systems relying on public coverage seem to show lower inequalities in their use, thus confirming the potential benefits of such systems.
Congenital defects of the soft palate in 15 mature horses
Authors: Barakzai S. Z. , Fraser B. S. L. , Dixon P. M. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyHorses, usually foals, with a congenital defect of the soft palate have been reported infrequently, and most reports describe a surgical procedure to repair the defect. Results of conservative management have not been previously reported.ObjectiveTo describe 15 horses affected with soft palate defects that were presented for examination when mature.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsClinical records from horses identified as having been diagnosed with a soft palate defect when older than one year were reviewed retrospectively. Follow‐up was obtained wherever possible.ResultsNasal discharge, occasional coughing and abnormal respiratory noise at exercise were the most common reasons for presentation. Only one yearling had mild symptoms of aspiration pneumonia. Many were able to perform at least low‐intensity ridden activities and 2 Thoroughbreds raced successfully without surgical treatment. Surgical correction was attempted in 3 horses but was only partially successful in 2. The other horses were not treated surgically and no deterioration in severity of clinical signs was reported in the long term. The prevalence of survival in this case series was 100%.Conclusions and potential relevanceThis case series shows that some foals may survive to maturity with substantial congenital defects of the soft palate without displaying severe clinical signs. Given the published high incidence of morbidity and mortality associated with surgical treatment, this case series suggests that a reasonable alternative is to manage such cases conservatively, provided that they are not suffering from severe pneumonia or ill thrift and that their welfare is not compromised.
Influence of light on the foraging impact of an introduced predatory cladoceran, Bythotrephes longimanus
Authors: Jokela Anneli , Arnott Shelley E. , Beisner Beatrix E. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Identifying factors that influence the foraging ability of an introduced predator is essential for assessing its potential impact on the invaded community. We conducted a series of in situ enclosure experiments to determine the effect of light on the foraging ability and community‐level effects of the invasive cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus in lakes.

In 1‐L enclosures with only Daphnia prey, a strong effect of predation under ambient light conditions was observed. There was no evidence of predation in dark treatments, suggesting that Bythotrephes is unable to feed by mechanoreception alone.

A subsequent experiment using larger enclosures exposed an assemblage of prey from an uninvaded lake to Bythotrephes predation across a similar light gradient. Consistent with regional lake surveys, Bythotrephes reduced cladoceran abundance under ambient light conditions.

At the community level, predation effects were overall strongest under ambient light; however, the influence of light on predation varied across trials that differed in initial community structure of prey. Also, some predation under dark conditions was possible on Ceriodaphnia and Bosmina, suggesting that Daphnia, in particular, may be less vulnerable under low‐light conditions.

Our results suggest that light refuges for some prey taxa could play an important role in mediating the impact of Bythotrephes.
Visitors from hell: transformative hospitality to ghosts in a Lao Buddhist festival
Authors: LADWIG PATRICE 
Published: June 2013

In Lao Buddhism, each year during the ghost festival, disembodied and hideous spectres are believed to be released from hell and enter the world of the living. This crossing of an ontological boundary, and the subsequent interaction of humans and ghosts, can be understood as a process of establishing hospitality in which both guest and host are transformed. The hospitality encounter can here simultaneously trigger an ontological shift of the ghost's position in Buddhist cosmology, but also contribute to the ethical self‐cultivation of humans as hosts. Ghosts as guests can escape hell, receive a new body, and re‐enter the cycle of reincarnations, while humans can practise a Buddhist ethics of hospitality based on the confrontation with a horrifying and pitiful species of beings.RésuméLes bouddhistes laos croient que chaque année, lors de la fête des fantômes, de hideux spectres désincarnés s'échappent des enfers pour passer dans le monde des vivants. Ce franchissement d'une frontière ontologique et l'interaction entre humains et fantômes qui lui fait suite peuvent être envisagés comme un processus d'hospitalité qui transforme aussi bien l'invité que l'hôte. La rencontre hospitalière peut déclencher un changement ontologique de la position du spectre dans la cosmologie bouddhiste, tout en contribuant à l'éducation éthique des vivants qui s'en font les hôtes. Les fantômes accueillis peuvent échapper à l'enfer, recevoir un nouveau corps et revenir dans le cycle des réincarnations, tandis que les vivants peuvent pratiquer une éthique bouddhiste de l'hospitalité par la confrontation avec des êtres aussi pitoyables qu'horrifiants.
‘Luck in the double focus’: ritualized hospitality in Melanesia
Authors: WAGNER ROY 
Published: June 2013

This paper argues that the relevance of hospitality in Melanesia has been under‐theorized. It does so by examining four cases of the hospitality motif: the idea of ‘guests of the land’ among the Daribi; the ritualized feasting and dispensation of ‘containment’ among the Usen Barok namedlak mamaran–‘Godspeed’, literally meaning ‘luck in the double focus’ (though the Barok language, lacking a word for ‘luck’, had to borrow one from English); the non‐reciprocal character of theimbatekassorcerer among the Tangu of Madang province; and the consumptive and predatory hospitality of the Kiwai of the Fly River estuary. I shall conclude with a consideration of the North American potlatch, a generic anthropological quasi‐institution that has been distorted out of all ethnographic proportion by what I shall call the ‘reciprocity speculation bubble’.RésuméLe présent article avance que la pertinence de l'hospitalité en Mélanésie n'est pas suffisamment théorisée. Pour le démontrer, il examine quatre déclinaisons du motif de l'hospitalité : l'idée des « invités de la terre » chez les Daribi, les festins ritualisés et la distribution chez les Usen Barok de « contenance », appeléelak mamaran(« bonne chance », littéralement « la chance sous deux aspects », mais la langue barok n'ayant pas de mot pour « chance », il a fallu emprunter « lak »à l'anglais), la non réciprocité du sorcierimbatekaschez les Tangu de la province de Madang, et l'hospitalité consommatrice et prédatrice des Kiwai de l'estuaire de la Fly River. L'auteur conclut par une considération sur lepotlatchnord‐américain, quasi‐institution anthropologique générique, déformée jusqu'à en perdre toute proportion ethnographique par ce qu'il appelle « la bulle spéculative sur la réciprocité ».
Maps and clocks in Amazonia: the things of conversion and conservation
Authors: BRIGHTMAN MARC 
Published: June 2013

Engaging with the recent interest in materiality in the anthropology of Amazonia, this article focuses on objects which might seem to present a challenge to indigenous systems of thought. Maps and clocks separate and abstract space and time from each other, and from the phenomena of experience, by reducing them to plane and number. Partly for this reason, and partly because of their association with Christian conversion, they may be seen as symbols and instruments of colonialism and of the technological foundations of European power. The article offers an analysis of an Amazonian group's strong interest in these objects and in the modes of thought which they represent. It concludes with reflections on native historicity and the modalities of cultural change in a context of sustained contact with alterity.RésuméDans la ligne du récent intérêt de l’anthropologie amazoniste envers la matérialité, l’auteur examine des objets qui semblent poser un défi aux systèmes de pensée autochtones. Cartes et horloges dissocient l’espace et le temps et les séparent des phénomènes perceptibles en les réduisant à des plans et des nombres. Pour cette raison, et aussi à cause de leur association à la conversion au christianisme, elles apparaissent comme symboles et instruments du colonialisme et des fondements technologiques de la puissance européenne. Le présent article analyse le vif intérêt d’un groupe amazonien pour ces objets et les modes de pensée qu’ils représentent. Il se conclut par des réflexions sur l’historicité indigène et les modalités du changement culturel, dans un contexte de contact permanent avec l’altérité.
Paperwork and the contradictions of accountability in a South African hospital
Authors: HULL ELIZABETH 
Published: June 2013

This article explores the extent and reach of ‘audit culture’ in a rural government hospital in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. I describe the institution's efforts at instilling a new public sector ethos that involves intensifying mechanisms of audit and self‐assessment in the workplace. In a context in which ‘accountability’ has become a key trope of institutional bureaucracy, I explore how employees attempt to conform to the normative moral yardstick imposed by ideas of accountability, whilst also expressing a sense of moral uncertainty and discomfort with these. Drawing on anthropological arguments about the role of documents in mediating social relations, I show that the knowledge collated in document form, rather than corresponding to clinical work carried out in the wards, increasingly is viewed as an end in itself. Global features of audit culture combine with existing workplace hierarchies and nursing practices to produce a locally mediated and meaningful version of accountability.RésuméLe présent article explore la portée et l'étendue de la « culture de l'audit » dans un hôpital rural public du KwaZulu‐Natal, en Afrique du Sud. L'auteure décrit les mesures prises par l'établissement pour insuffler une nouvelle éthique du secteur public, avec une intensification des mécanismes d'audit et de l'autoévaluation au travail. Dans ce contexte, où la « responsabilité » est devenue le mot‐clé de la bureaucratie institutionnelle, nous décrivons la manière dont le personnel tente de se conformer aux critères moraux normatifs imposés par la notion de responsabilité, tout en exprimant les incertitudes morales et la gêne que lui inspirent ceux‐ci. Sur la base d'arguments anthropologiques concernant le rôle des documents dans la médiation des relations sociales, nous montrons que les connaissances recueillies sous forme documentaire sont de plus en plus considérées comme une fin en soi, au lieu des informations correspondant au travail clinique effectué dans les services. Les caractères globaux de la culture de l'audit se combinent aux hiérarchies existantes sur le lieu de travail et aux pratiques de soins pour produire une version de la responsabilité localement médiée et signifiante.
Ambivalent inclusion: anti‐racism and racist gatekeeping in Andalusia's immigrant NGOs
Authors: ROGOZEN‐SOLTAR MIKAELA H. 
Published: June 2013

This article explores encounters between Andalusian NGO workers and immigrant clients in southern Spain. It traces how local ambivalence about pluralism, rooted in long‐standing debates about the legacy of Andalusia's medieval Muslim past, produces both inclusion and exclusion of migrants. On the one hand, Andalusian NGO staff have developed a discourse of anti‐racism in which care for immigrants is a means of constructing a modern, progressive identity for a historically marginalized European region. On the other hand, widely circulating racialized and gendered discourses about immigrants also result in the exclusion of those deemed undeserving, particularly Muslim, Moroccan men. The Andalusian case thus highlights the vagaries of social life that complicate implementation of policies and programmes for migrant incorporation. In the process, it demonstrates that modes of immigrant inclusion and exclusion in Europe are deeply intertwined with regionally particular anxieties about social difference.RésuméL'auteure examine ici les rencontres entre les employés d'ONG en Andalousie et les bénéficiaires de leur action, immigrés dans le sud de l'Espagne. Elle montre comment l'ambivalence locale sur le pluralisme, ancrée dans de vieux débats sur l'héritage de l'Andalousie musulmane du Moyen Âge, entraîne à la fois l'inclusion et l'exclusion des migrants. D'un côté, le personnel des ONG andalouses a élaboré un discours d'antiracisme présentant l'accueil des immigrés comme un moyen de construire une identité moderne et progressiste pour une région de l'Europe qui a été de tout temps marginalisée. De l'autre, les discours racialisés et genrés très répandus à propos des immigrés entraînent l'exclusion de ceux qui ne sont pas jugés méritants, en particulier des hommes musulmans marocains. Le cas de l'Andalousie met ainsi en lumière les aléas de la vie sociale qui compliquent l'application des politiques et programmes d'intégration des immigrés. Il montre dans le même temps que les modes d'inclusion et d'exclusion des migrants en Europe sont intimement entremêlés avec des inquiétudes sur la différence sociale qui varient d'une région à l'autre.
Intracutaneous Butterfly Suture with Absorbable Synthetic Suture Material
Authors: BREUNINGER HELMUT , KEILBACH JAKOB , HAAF ULRICH 
Published: June 2013

background. Tension on surgical wound edges is often an obstacle to proper closure and good cosmetic results in dermatologic surgery.objective. A buried, butterfly‐shaped, interrupted suture has been developed to remedy this. The suture is anchored very broadly in the corium, the knot is below the corium. The butterfly suture can be supplemented by a temporary running suture or by close‐set, superficially placed interrupted sutures.methods. This technique was studied in a follow‐up of 876 operations, with histologic study of 60 scars resulting from the suture. In particular, the specific advantages and disadvantages of two synthetic suture materials were compared: monofilament (polydioxanon) and polyfilament (polyglactin 910).results. Polydioxanon sutures were found to be clinically superior. It was important, however, that the suture knot be deeply anchored and that the surgeon be experienced.conclusion. Cosmetic results of 18,000 procedures with this suture over a period of 6 years were found to be clearly better than those of surgery with conventional sutures.
Postsclerotherapy Hyperpigmentations
Authors: GEORGIEV MIHAEL 
Published: June 2013

background. Chromated glycerin reportedly causes less post‐sclerotherapy hyperpigmentations than polidocanol.objective. To investigate whether replacing polidocanol with chromated glycerin lowers the incidence of postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation.methods. Retrospective study of 134 records of patients treated for leg telangiectasia. At the first session only chromated glycerin was injected. From the second session on treatment was continued—according to the response—either with chromated glycerin or with the stronger polidocanol.results. Chromated glycerin caused strong sclero‐inflammatory reaction in 27% of patients, who were therefore treated with chromated glycerin only; in the remaining 73%, chromated glycerin was replaced with polidocanol, because of mild (or absent) reaction. Postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation developed in three patients, all treated with chromated glycerin, while no postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation developed in the patients treated with polidocanol.conclusions. Single “trial” session with chromated glycerin permits to select patients at risk of developing postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation, and treat these with a milder sclerosant. This approach also reduced the incidence of early postsclerotherapy hyperpigmentation compared with similar series treated with polidocanol alone.
Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising in Venous Ulcers and Mimicking Granulation Tissue
Authors: HARRIS BRIAN , EAGLSTEIN WILLIAM H. , FALANGA VINCENT 
Published: June 2013

background. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) arising in venous ulcers is rare, and its appearance in this setting is not fully recognized.objective. The purpose of this report is to alert the clinician to the subtle clinical appearance of this tumor and to prompt a more rapid recognition.methods. We report five cases of BCC arising in venous ulcers of the lower extremity that we have observed over a period of 6 years. In all cases the tumor was diagnosed histologically.results. In all five cases the tumor had the appearance of seemingly healthy granulation tissue, which was often exuberant and translucent. The border of this apparent “granulation tissue” was rolled over the margins of the ulcer.conclusion. Basal cell carcinoma arising in venous ulcers often has the appearance of translucent granulation tissue that extends beyond the ulcer's margins. These clinical characteristics should alert the clinician to the need for obtaining a biopsy of the ulcer bed.
Cutting and Skin‐Ablative Properties of Pulsed Mid‐Infrared Laser Surgery
Authors: Kaufmann Roland , Hartmann Anke , Hibst Raimund 
Published: June 2013

background. Pulsed mid‐infrared lasers allow a precise removal of soft tissues with only minimal thermal damage.objective. To study the potential dermatosurgical usefulness of currently available systems at different wavelengths (2010‐nm Thulium: YAG laser, 2100‐nm Holmium: YAG laser, 2790‐nm Erbium:YSGG laser, and 2940‐nm Erbium: YAG laser) in vivo on pig skin.methods. Immediate effects and wound healing of superficial laser‐abrasions and incisions were compared with those of identical control lesions produced by dermabrasion, scalpel incisions, or laser surgery performed by a 1060‐nm Nd: YAG and a 1060‐nm CO2 laser (continuous and super‐pulsed mode).results. Best efficiency and least thermal injury was found for the pulsed Erbium: YAG laser, leading to ablative and incisional lesions comparable to those obtained by dermabrasion or superficial scalpel incisions, respectively.conclusion. In contrast to other mid‐infrared lasers tested, the 2940‐nm Erbium: YAG laser thus provides a potential instrument for future applications in skin surgery, especially when aiming at a careful ablative removal of delicate superficial lesions with maximum sparing of adjacent tissue structures. However, in the purely incisional application mode pulsed mid‐infrared lasers, though of potential usefulness in microsurgical indications (eg, surgery of the cornea), do not offer a suggestive alternative to simple scalpel surgery of the skin.
Double Z‐Plasty to Enhance Rhombic Flap Mobility
Authors: Johnson Sylvia C. , Bennett Richard G. 
Published: June 2013

background. Occasionally after a rhombic flap has been designed, cut, and undermined, it fails to transpose into the recipient wound as easily as had been anticipated. This problem may have occurred because of unexpected skin tension due to previous surgery near the operative site or improper orientation of the rhombic flap.objective. The purpose of this work is to show how unexpected restriction in rhombic flap movement can be overcome by using a double Z‐plasty to increase tissue length.methods. A double Z‐plasty was incorporated into the rhombic flap design in one patient. The biomechanics of the flap were analyzed, and the modified flap was used in three other patients.results. The addition of a double Z‐plasty increased the movement of the rhombic flap in a predictable fashion in four patients.conclusion. A double Z‐plasty is useful to enhance rhombic flap mobility in certain uncommon situations.