bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Odoriferous Compounds from Adults of a Swallowtail Butterfly, Papilio machaon (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Ômura Hisashi , Honda Keiichi , Hayashi Nanao 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Adults, particularly males, of a papilionid butterfly, Papilio machaon hippocrates, emit a fairly strong scent perceivable by humans. We have identified a variety of volatile compounds (hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, and so on) from the wings and bodies of both sexes of the butterfly. Male wings secreted n-dodecane, linalool and geranylacetone as major components together with small amounts of camphene, limonene, p-cymene, 2 -phenylethanol, n-hexanal, n-decanal, isoamyl acetate, p-allylanisole, 2 -pyrrolidone and other characteristic volatiles. The overall profile of volatile compounds detected from male body was quite different from that of the wings. Male body was devoid of camphene, 2-phenyletha-nol, n-hexanal but instead contained limonene, acetoin, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (C15H24), methyl n-octanoate, (E,E)-hepta-2,4-dienal, and another isomer of heptadienal as principal components, of which the last four compounds were specific to the body. All these substances seem to concurrently characterize the male odor. The chemical patterns of com­ pounds found from female wings and body were essentially the same in quality as those of male wings and body, respectively, although their quantities in females were generally smaller than in males. Females, however, had a larger amount of acetamide than males. The chemical compositions of volatiles from the fore and hind wings of males were not greatly different from each other, and every component was considered to be present on all parts of the wings. This suggests that the scent-producing organs or scent-emitting pores are widely distributed on the whole wings. EA G responses of both sexes to 12 selected compounds identified from the butterfly were not strong at a dose of 1 μg, while both sexes showed relatively stronger responses to n-nonanal, methyl n-octanoate, D-limonene and linalool at a higher dose (10 [μg). Although sexual difference in EAG response was not prominent, females appeared a little more sensitive, and n-nonanal and acetoin evoked significantly higher responses from females at 1 μg.
Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 - Mediated Enhancement of the Respiratory Burst Response of Human Neutrophils
Authors: Müller Julia , Petković Marijana , Schiller Jürgen , Arnhold Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exogenously added pancreatic phos-pholipase A2 (pPLA2) on the production of reactive oxygen species by human polymorpho­ nuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Pancreatic PLA2 was used because PMNs do not possess a re­ ceptor for that enzyme and, therefore, the receptor-mediated effects could be excluded. Respiratory burst activity of PMNs was monitored by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence and the lipid composition of neutrophils after treatment with pPLA2 was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results show that the products of the pPLA2 digestion of the PMN membrane -lysophospholipids and the corresponding free fatty acids -significantly enhanced the respiratory burst response of human neutrophils.
Sesquiterpenoids from the Roots of Solanum aethiopicum
Authors: Nagase Hiroshi , Nagaoka Toshinori , Watanabe Ayako , Sakata Yoshiteru , Yoshihara Teruhiko 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
, 2001 Three new sesquiterpenoids, lubiminoic acid, epilubiminoic acid and aethione, and six known sesquiterpenoids, solavetivone, 3β-hydroxysolavetivone, 13-hydroxysolavetivone, an-hydro-β-rotunol, epilubimin and lubimin, were isolated from roots of S. aethiopicum L. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data.
Induction of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides and Tryptophan by Jasmonic Acid, Abscisic Acid and Osmotic Stress in Barley Leaves
Authors: Ogura Yuki , Ishihara Atsushi , Iwamura Hajime 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic aid (ABA) on secondary metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated. Treatment with JA at 100 μᴍ for 48 h induced accumulation of four compounds in barley primary leaves. The accumulation of these com­pounds was also observed after treatment with ABA at 100 μᴍ. The induced compounds were identified as p-coumaroylputrescine, p-coumaroylagmatine, p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyagmatine and tryptophan by spectroscopic methods. The profiles of compounds induced by application of JA and ABA were different. JA exhibited stronger inducing activity for hydroxycinnamic acid amides than ABA, while ABA was more active in tryptophan accumulation. The major hydroxycinnamic acid amides in JA-and ABA-treated leaves were p-coumaroylagmatine and p-coumaroyl-3-hydroxyagmatine, respectively. These differences suggested that JA and ABA act in distinct modes. The induction of these compounds was also observed in leaf segments treated with 1 ᴍ sorbitol and glucose. These findings suggested that JA and ABA are involved in accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid amides and tryptophan in response to osmotic stress in barley.
Chemical Intra-Mediterranean Variation and Insecticidal Activity of Crithmum maritimum
Authors: Tsoukatou Maria , Tsitsimpikou Christina , Vagias Constantinos , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chemical composition of the volatile metabolites of Crithmum maritimum harvested from several geographic localities along the Mediterranean coasts was studied by GC and GC-MSD. The major oil constituents were found to be dillapiole, γ-terpinene, sabinene, limo-nene and β-phellandrene. The Western populations were richer in dillapiole, whereas the Southern collections were characterized by increased amounts of thymol methyl ether and y-terpinene. The Italian chemical profiles differentiated by the significant contributions of carvacrol methyl ether and isoterpinolene. The essential oils were also investigated for their insecticidal activity and their repellency against Pheidole pallidula (Nylander) ants and found to possess significant activity.
Antifeedants against Acusta despesta from the Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica
Authors: Chen Xiao Hui , Kim Chul-Sa , Kashiwagi Takehiro , Tebayashi Shin-ich , Horiike Michio 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
During our studies on the components in Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, we found that the crude methanol extract of C. japonica showed intense antifeeding activity against one snail species, Acusta despesta, which is well-known as a pest of many vegetables and crops.
The active components in the extract were separated into the hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions. From the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction, two norlignans, sequirin-C and agatharesinol, were isolated and identified as the active compounds. Both compounds inhibited feeding behavior of A. despesta at 30 μg/cm2 and 40 μg/cm2 concentrations, respectively, when applied by an eggplant leaf or filter paper containing 20 μl of 5% sucrose solution.
Human Alveolar Macrophages Express Elafin and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor
Authors: Mihaila Alina , Tremblay Guy M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Elafin and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) are two structurally related serine protease inhibitors present in the lung. The cellular origin of elafin in the alveolar space is unknown. It has been suggested that at least one alveolar leukocyte population express elafin. We therefore postulated that the alveolar macrophage, as the most numerous leukocyte in the alveolar space, express elafin. On the other hand, it is unclear whether human alveolar macrophages are a source of SLPI. In the present study, we showed by RT-PCR that human alveolar macrophages, but not peripheral blood monocytes, express elafin and SLPI transcripts. Elafin, but not SLPI, m RNA expression was increased time dependently in alveolar macrophages stimulated with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula antigen (50 μg/ml), a causative agent of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, but not LPS (10 μg/ml). Intracellular or cell-associated elafin protein accumulated after 24 h of culture only in S. rectivirgula antigen-stimulated alveolar macrophages as shown by Western blot. In contrast, alveolar macrophages release 50 ± 6 pg/ml of SLPI in culture medium with no increase in function of time. Alveolar macrophages could be a source of elafin in the lung. In addition to lung structural cells, SLPI could also be derived from alveolar macrophages.
The Structure of the Pyoverdin Isolated from Various Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars
Authors: Jülich Markus , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herbert , Geoffroy Valerie , Meyer Jean-Marie , Gardan Louis 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From seven different pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae representing various genetic subgroups, and one strain of Pseudomonas viridiflava the same pyoverdin siderophore (1) was isolated, probably identical with the pyoverdin whose amino acid composition (but not their sequence) had been reported before. 1 is the first pyoverdin where two of the ligands for Fe3+ are β-hydroxy Asp units. Its remarkably high complexing constant for Fe3+ at pH 5 as compared with other pyoverdins offers a definite advantage in plant infection. The structure elucidation of 1 will be described and the taxonomical implications regarding pyoverdins with different structures ascribed previously to P. syringae strains will be discussed.
Chemical Probes for Water-Oxidation: Synthetic Manganese Complexes in Photoactivation of Water Splitting Complex and as Exogenous Electron Donors to Photosystem II
Authors: Bernát Gábor , Padhye Subhash , Barta Csilla , Kovács László , Demeter Sándor 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Photoactivation of the water splitting enzyme was performed with 13 different synthetic manganese complexes and characterized by oxygen evolution yield, thermoluminescence and chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. The efficiency of different compounds in photoactivation correlated with the rate of linear electron transport in the presence of these com pounds. The organic ligands, associated with the manganese ions, do not prevent the photoactivation of the water splitting complex (WOC). Photoactivation with different manganese complexes depended on the number of the Mn-ions in the complex, their valence state and the nature of their donor atoms. The most efficient restorations were achieved by using tetram eric complexes having a dimer+dimer structure, complexes containing Mn(II) ions, and having 4-6 oxygen and 0-2 nitrogen atoms as donor atoms. Further, the effectiveness of photoactivation depended largely on the structure of the complexes. Our data support the notion that WOC in intact thylakoids requires the cooperation and well determined arrangement of all four manganese ions, and argue against the hypothesis that two manganese ions are sufficient for water splitting. Photoactivation by some complexes led to anomalous flashoxygen patterns, which are explained by a modified/perturbed water splitting complex.
Expansion of Phosphatidylcholine and Phosphatidylserine/Phosphatidylcholine Monolayers by Differently Charged Amphiphiles
Authors: Białkowska Katarzyna , Bobrowska-Hägerstrand Małgorzata , Hägerstrand Henry 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Monolayer Technique, Nonionic Detergent, Erythrocyte Shape The degree and time-course of expansion of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (PC) and bovine brain phosphatidylserine (PS)/PC (75:25, mol/mol) monolayers at 32 mN/m caused by differently charged amphiphiles (detergents) added to the sub-phase buffer (pH 7.4, 22 °C) were followed. Amphiphiles were added to the sub-phase at a concentration/monolayer area corresponding to the concentration/erythrocytes surface area where sphero-echinocytic or sphero-stomatocytic shapes are induced (0.46-14.6 μᴍ). Nonionic, cationic and anionic am­ phiphiles expanded the PS/PC monolayer significantly more (1.7-4.2 times) than the PC monolayer. A zwitterionic amphiphile expanded both monolayers to a similar extent. The initial rate of monolayer-expansion was higher for all amphiphiles (1.7-20.4 times) in the PS/PC monolayer than in the PC monolayer.
It is suggested that hydrophobic interactions govern the intercalation of amphiphiles into monolayers, and that monolayer packing, modulated by phospholipid head group interactions and alkyl chain saturation, strongly influence amphiphile intercalation. A possible relation between the monolayer-expanding effect of amphiphiles and their effect on erythrocyte shape is discussed.
Physiological and Hemolytic Toxicity of Some Aminophosphonates
Authors: Trela Zenon , Kleszczyńska Halina , Sarapuk Janusz 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of novel synthesized aminophosphonates on membrane potential and electrical conductance of internodal cells of Nitellopsis obtusa and hemolysis of erythrocytes (RBC) was studied. It was found that those the organophosphorous compounds, when present at 10-100 μm concentrations, caused depolarization and increased electrical conductance of alga membranes. They also influenced fluidity of erythrocyte membranes. When used at higher concentrations aminophosphonates caused hemolysis of RBC. The changes observed depended on structural features of the aminophosphonates, i.e., substituents at the carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen atoms, and, most probably, may be the result of direct interaction of the am inophosphonates with the lipid phase of the plasma membrane and the induced structural changes. Two modes of interaction are proposed.
Metallothionein Levels in the Bivalves Callista chione and Venus verrucosa from Two Mediterranean Sites
Authors: Cotou Efthimia , Vagias Constantinos , Rapti Theodora , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Metallothioneins levels (MTs) in the clams Callista chione and Venus verrucosa, collected from two coastal sites in Greece, were determined and quantified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and a spectrophotometric assay (Ellm an’s reaction). SDS-AGE separation in the digestive gland, which represents the hepato-pancreas in clams, demonstrated the presence of MTs similar to mammalian MT (rabbit liver Cd, Zn-thionein). No other SH-containing proteins apart from the MTs were detected. MT levels quantified by the Ellman’s reaction indicated seasonal variation for both species. The highest values were recorded in the spring and the lowest in the autumn. The seasonal variation and the differences in the MT levels of the two areas seem to be related to the reproductive cycle of the organisms as well as to abiotic factors of each area. Our results show that both C. chione and V. verrucosa have the potential to be used as biomarkers of metal pollution, provided that the influence of the external factors is safely quantified.
Suppression of Radical-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in a Model System by Alkyl Esters of Cinnamate Quaternary Ammonium Salts
Authors: Krasowska Anna , Stasiuk Maria , Oswiecimska Malgorzata , Kozubek Arkadiusz , Bien Malgorzata , Witek Stanislaw , Sigler Karel 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three new groups of phenolic antioxidants, quaternary ammonium salts with a phenol ring and alkyl chains of different length (pyrrolidine ethyl esters of 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxydihydrocinnamic acid n-alkoxymethylchlorides (PYE-n) or n-alkylbromides (PYA-n) and 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester n-alkylbromides (PPA-n), were synthesized. Some of them were previously found to efficiently protect yeast cells against oxidants and to inhibit the production of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in whole yeast cells and in isolated membrane lipids. The new antioxidants (at 1-100 μm) abolished or diminished peroxidation of oliwe oil emulsions caused by the OH•-producing Fe2+ and RO• and ROO•-producing tertbutylhydroperoxide (TBHP) and the azo compounds 2,2′-azobis-(amidinopropane)dihydronitrile (AAPH) and 1,1′-azobis-(1-cyclohexanecarbonitrile) (ACHN): all present at 10 mᴍ . The efficiency of individual both antioxidants was examined in relation to the type of lipid peroxidation inducer, the site of antioxidant incorporation into the emulsion lipid phase, the length of the alkyl chain, and the maximum concentration of effective antioxidant monomers given by its critical micelle concentration. PYA-n class compounds were highly efficient against all peroxidation inducers and their efficiency did not depend on the position of their molecules in the lipid phase and/or on the aliphatic chain length. In contrast, the efficiency of PYE-n and PPA-n class compounds depended both on the type of oxidant and on the length of their aliphatic chain. Their potency against Fe2+ and ACHN increased with increasing alkyl chain length whereas with AAPH it dropped with increasing alkyl chain length. A similar pattern was found with the action of PYE-n against TBHP whereas in the PPA-n group an extending alkyl chain reduced the anti-TBHP efficiency. These relationships may not be entirely straightforward and other factors (chemical nature of each compound, its possible interaction with fluorescent probes used for diagnostics, etc.) may play a considerable and not yet quite clear role. PPA-n class antioxidants have the lowest critical micelle concentration, which may limit their efficiency. Nevertheless, these phenolic antioxidants can be conveniently employed as highly efficient inhibitors of lipid peroxidation.
Effects of Anticancer Drugs on Transcription in vitro
Authors: Wilmańska Dorota , Czyz Malgorzata , Studzian Kazimierz , Piestrzeniewicz Mariola K. , Gniazdowski Marek 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effects of DNA interacting drugs on: (1) total RNA synthesis catalyzed by E.coli and T7 RNA polymerase; (2) synthesis of the initiating dinucleotide (pppApU) by E .coli RNA polymerase (“abortive initiation“); (3) elongation of RNA chains synthesized by T7 RNA polymerase on pT7-7 plasmid DNA bearing T7 RNA polymerase promoter ϕ 10 with human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase coding sequence, (4) interaction of transcription factor Sp1 and its binding site were studied. Intercalating ligands which form quickly dissociating complexes with DNA (anthracyclines, proflavine, ethidium bromide) are compared with the slowly dissociating drug of d(G · C ) specificity (actinomycin D), the non-intercalating, d(A · T ) specific pyrrole antibiotics (netropsin and distamycin A) and covalently binding to DNA 1-nitroacridine derivative (nitracrine). The obtained results indicate that rapidly dissociating ligands, proflavine and ethidium bromide, inhibit total RNA synthesis in vitro and the abortive initiation to a similar extent while they do not induce discrete elongation stops of RNA polymerase. Actinomycin D and nitracrine exhibit a high inhibitory effect on total RNA synthesis and induce stops of RNA polymerase while not affecting abortive initiation. Pyrrole antibiotics primarily inhibit the initiation, while no elongation stops are induced. Actinomycin D inhibits complex formation between nuclear proteins and the Sp1 binding site. Netropsin, ethidium bromide, proflavine and other intercalating acridines do not affect Sp1 binding. The results indicate that the effects primarily depend on sequence specificity and secondarily on the dissociation rate of ligands from their complexes with DNA.
A Survey of Nosema apis of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.) Producing the Famous Anzer Honey in Turkey
Authors: Özkırım Aslı , Keskin Nevin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study is to find out the ratio of Nosema infected honey bees which are producing the famous Anzer honey that is used for the cure of the illnesses such as farangitis, tonsilitis, ulceration, and scratchs due to the experiences of the people living in Turkey. Honey bee samples were collected from two different regions of Anzer plain in July. Honey bee abdomens were homogenized and 1 ml distilled water was added for each honey bee. Later, 0.1 ml out of this solution was examined by Neubauer slides and the number of Nosema apis spores were counted. The results showed that Nosema apis significantly infected the honey bees although it was summer season. However, the summer season at the Anzer plain, when compared with the Mediterranean climate, is considered to be spring.
Light-Dependent Changes in the Leaflet Movement Rhythm of the Plant Desmodium gyrans
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar , Bardal Tom Kristian , Johnsson Anders 
Published: February 2015

The movements of the lateral leaflets of the Indian telegraph plant Desmodium gyrans (L. F.) DC, have earlier been studied in detail with regards to the effects of chemicals, DC currents, and static magnetic fields. In the present paper we have discussed the oscillation of the lateral leaflets under the influence of white light of various light levels (0-75 μmol · m-2 · s-1), produced by an array of LEDs (light emitting diodes). LEDs were used in contrast to fluorescense tubes as in earlier studies in order to minimize changes of wavelength when light intensity was decreased or increased. Furthermore, care was taken to ensure that the temperature in the experimental chamber was constant.
When the oscillations were first monitored in bright light, the oscillations were found to be very rapid and with decreasing light intensity the oscillations slowed down. For light levels lower than about 20 μmol · m-2 · s-1 the period of the oscillation of the lateral leaflets was almost constant (or even decreased slightly towards complete darkness). We also show that the oscillations could completely stop under prolonged darkness (for longer than about 6 h) and that such halted oscillations could be restarted in most of the leaflets when he light was turned back on. Such stopping of the oscillation of the lateral leaflets in prolonged darkness suggests that these short period oscillations of the lateral leaflets could have a daily component and in natural environment these oscillations could serve the purpose of optimising the amount of light falling on the leaflets or/and facilitating transpiration of water through stomata. Such a finding could have an implication for the answer to the long standing question of adaptive significance of short period oscillation of the Indian telegraph plant Desmodium gyrans (L.F.) DC
Induction of Antimicrobial 3-Deoxyflavonoids in Pome Fruit Trees Controls Fire Blight
Authors: Halbwirth Heidrun , Fischer Thilo C. , Roemmelt Susanne , Spinelli Francesco , Schlangen Karin , Peterek Silke , Sabatini Emidio , Messina Christian , Speakman John-Bryan , Andreotti Carlo , Rademacher Wilhelm , Bazzi Carlo , Costa Guglielmo , Treutter Dieter , Forkmann Gert , Stich Karl 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fire blight, a devastating bacterial disease in pome fruits, causes severe economic losses worldwide. Hitherto, an effective control could only be achieved by using antibiotics, but this implies potential risks for human health, livestock and environment. A new approach allows transient inhibition of a step in the flavonoid pathway, thereby inducing the formation of a novel antimicrobial 3-deoxyflavonoid controlling fire blight in apple and pear leaves. This compound is closely related to natural phytoalexins in sorghum. The approach does not only provide a safe method to control fire blight: Resistance against different pathogens is also induced in other crop plants.
Externally Accumulated Flavonoids in Three Mediterranean Ononis Species
Authors: Wollenweber Eckhard , Dörr Marion , Rivera Diego , Roitman James N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Mediterranean Ononis species, O. fruticosa, O. natrix subsp. ramosissima and O. tridentata, have been analyzed for their exudate flavonoids. More than 20 flavonoid aglycones were identified, some of which are rather rare natural compounds. One of them, namely hypolaetin- 8,3′,4′-trimethyl ether, had been found only once before. The results are presented in a table along with literature data, and the chemotaxonomic impact of the flavonoid patterns is discussed.