bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable pathways: understanding the interplay of environmental behavior, personal values, and tourist outcomes in farm tourism
Authors: Hassan Thowayeb H. , Fazia Celestina , Abdelmoaty Mostafa A. , Bekzot Janzakov , Gozner Maria , Almakhayitah Muhanna Yousef , Saleh Mahmoud I. , Aleedan Mona Hamad , Abdou Ahmed H. , Salem Amany E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe burgeoning growth of farm tourism necessitates a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationships between environmental behavior, personal values, and visitor outcomes, emphasizing the imperative for sustainable practices and stewardship within these settings. The current study seeks to develop an integrative model to understand how power conservation and eco-logically aware behavior influence visitors’ ecological vision, sense of responsibility, well-being, and attachment outcomes, encompassing both place and product. Employing a structured questionnaire, data were gathered from farm tourists in Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, and the structural model was analyzed using regression and mediation analyses to unravel the complex interactions among key variables. Results revealed that power conservation practices significantly contribute to visitors’ sense of responsibility for environmental protection, while ecologically aware behavior predicts a profound ecological vision. However, the structural equation model did not reveal significant mediation effects on well-being. The findings suggest the importance of targeted energy-saving initiatives and experiential activities to enhance ecological awareness. Integrating well-being considerations into sustainability programs and adopting transparent communication strategies can enrich the overall visitor experience, fostering a sustainable and fulfilling form of tourism.
Influence of large scale climate drivers on hydro-climate variability in Dwangwa River Basin, Malawi
Authors: Chirwa Aubren C. , Ngongondo Cosmo , Vunain Ephraim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge-scale climate processes such as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) have significant roles in modulating rainfall and hydrological systems. Understanding such processes can inform adaptation measures for climate change and variability, as well as water resource management and planning. This study investigated the impact of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on rainfall and discharge variability in the Dwangwa River Basin (DRB) in Malawi, a key inflow to Lake Malawi. Specifically, the study analysed annual rainfall variability trends from 1985 to 2015 using the Coefficient of Variation (CV) and the annual Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI). The significance and direction of rainfall and discharge trends were quantified using the Mann–Kendall trend test at α = 0.05 significance level. To evaluate the association between rainfall and IOD, the Pearson product moment used three IOD phases: positive, negative, and neutral. Simple linear regression was utilised to check the response of the river during the concerned IOD phases. The study found CVs between 20 and 30%, typical of climates with moderate monthly rainfall variability. The PCI ranged from 20 to 30%, suggesting a strongly seasonal and highly variable temporal intra-annual rainfall distribution in the DRB. Moreover, the Mann–Kendall test statistics showed insignificant decrease in annual rainfall trends. Further, the findings demonstrated an insignificant negative correlation between rainfall and positive IOD, with rainfall increases associated with negative IOD, whereas positive IOD is associated with decreased river discharge. Consequently, El Niño and a positive IOD could cause DRB to have low water availability. Therefore, the study demonstrates that rainfall is experiencing a decreasing trend, which is driven by large-scale mechanics.
Neurological evidence for the context-independent multisensorial semantics of ideophones in Pastaza Kichwa: an fNIRS study in the Ecuadorian Amazon
Authors: Dewey Dan P. , Green Jeffrey J. , Nuckolls Janis , Nygaard Auna , Swanson Todd D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdeophones – imitative words using the stream of speech to simulate/depict the rise and fall of sensory perceptions and emotions and temporal experiences of completiveness, instantaneousness, and repetitiveness – have been characterized as semantically empty and context-dependent. The research reported here tested a simple schematic for the semantic categories of Pastaza Kichwa ideophones by tracking neurological responses to ideophones categorized as VISUAL, MOTION, and SOUND. Seventeen native speakers of Pastaza Kichwa listened to audio clips of ideophones extracted from sentential contexts. Subjects’ neural activity was assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Results demonstrate that these posited semantic categories activate areas of the brain associated with visualization, motion, and sound processing and production, respectively. This suggests that these ideophones convey semantic information related to these concepts, independent of context. This contrasts with what would be expected by theories suggesting that ideophones on their own are semantically empty. The data give rise to questions regarding whether any language contains only sound ideophones that do not carry additional sensory information and whether ideophones in previous studies treated strictly as sound ideophones might require greater specification of their semantics, specifically from a multisensorial perspective.
Influence of ENSO and Volcanic Eruptions on Himalayan Jet Latitude
Authors: Thapa Uday Kunwar , Stevenson Samantha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe position of the subtropical jet over the Himalayas (Himalayan jet) affects extreme precipitation and heat over Central and South Asia. We examine the influence of two major natural factors‐the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and explosive volcanic eruptions—on Himalayan jet interannual variability during the past millennium using simulations from the Community Earth System Model. We find that both El Niño events and eruptions shift the Himalayan jet equatorward by up to 3°. If an El Niño occurs following an eruption, this enhances the equatorward Himalayan jet shift, while La Niña tends to favor poleward jet migration. Subtropical cooling during El Niño or following eruptions is the primary cause of equatorward Himalayan jet shifts, while poleward shifts are associated with subtropical warming. Consistent across the CMIP6 models over the historical period, our results suggest that both ENSO and eruptions are the key drivers of interannual Himalayan jet variability.
Limited Benefits of Increased Spatial Resolution for Sea Ice in HighResMIP Simulations
Authors: Selivanova J. , Iovino D. , Vichi M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art coupled climate models struggle to accurately simulate historical variability and trends of Antarctic sea ice, impacting their reliability for future projections. Increasing horizontal resolution is expected to improve the representation of coupled atmosphere‐ice‐ocean processes at high latitudes. Here, we examine the historical changes in the Antarctic sea ice area and volume in High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project simulations against satellite data sets and ocean reanalyzes to assess the benefits of increased spatial resolution. Our results do not show considerable benefits when horizontal resolutions up to 0.25° in the ocean and 25 km in the atmosphere. Limited improvements are reported in the simulated historical sea ice trends, which are nevertheless model‐dependent, and associated with the use of model components with more complex sea‐ice parameterizations. Given the high computational cost of climate‐scale simulations at high spatial resolution, we advocate prioritizing enhancements in sea‐ice physics and the interactions among model components in coupled climate simulations.
Insights on Lateral Gravity Wave Propagation in the Extratropical Stratosphere From 44 Years of ERA5 Data
Authors: Gupta Aman , Sheshadri Aditi , Alexander M. Joan , Birner Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study presents (a) a 44‐year wintertime climatology of resolved gravity wave (GW) fluxes and forcing in the extratropical stratosphere using ERA5, and (b) their composite evolution around gradual (final warming) and abrupt (sudden warming) transitions in the wintertime circulation, focusing on lateral fluxes. The transformed Eulerian mean equations are leveraged to provide a glimpse of the importance of GW lateral propagation (i.e., horizontal propagation) toward driving the wintertime stratospheric circulation by analyzing the relative contribution of the vertical versus meridional flux dissipation. The relative contribution from lateral propagation is found to be notable, especially in the Austral winter stratosphere where lateral (vertical) momentum flux convergence provides a peak climatological forcing of up to −0.5 (−3.5) m/s/day around 60°S at 40–45 km altitude. Prominent lateral propagation in the wintertime midlatitudes also contributes to the formation of belts of GW activity in both hemispheres.
SiameseFWI: A Deep Learning Network for Enhanced Full Waveform Inversion
Authors: Saad Omar M. , Harsuko Randy , Alkhalifah Tariq 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe performance of full‐wave inversion (FWI) depends highly on how we compare the simulated data to observed ones. The simplified assumptions used to generate the simulated data make such comparison even harder. To address this challenge, we introduce SiameseFWI, a novel approach to FWI that plays a critical role in the comparative analysis of simulated and observed seismic data. Employing a Siamese network, this methodology transforms the data into a shared latent space, enabling a robust and effective comparison of data representations. SiameseFWI leverages two identical Convolutional Neural Networks with shared weights trained in a self‐supervised framework, eliminating the necessity for labeled data. In each FWI iteration, the Siamese network and the velocity model are updated to minimize Euclidean distance loss between the latent representations of the data. Empirical evaluation conducted on the Marmousi2 and Overthrust models affirms the robust inversion performance of SiameseFWI compared to traditional FWI methodologies. Furthermore, its application to field data from Western Australia demonstrates its strength and efficacy in inversion. Notably, SiameseFWI exhibits robust inversion performance even in the presence of noise or when employing a linear initial model.
Template-independent enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides
Authors: Wiegand Daniel J. , Rittichier Jonathan , Meyer Ella , Lee Howon , Conway Nicholas J. , Ahlstedt Daniel , Yurtsever Zeynep , Rainone Dominic , Kuru Erkin , Church George M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRNA oligonucleotides have emerged as a powerful therapeutic modality to treat disease, yet current manufacturing methods may not be able to deliver on anticipated future demand. Here, we report the development and optimization of an aqueous-based, template-independent enzymatic RNA oligonucleotide synthesis platform as an alternative to traditional chemical methods. The enzymatic synthesis of RNA oligonucleotides is made possible by controlled incorporation of reversible terminator nucleotides with a common 3′-O-allyl ether blocking group using new CID1 poly(U) polymerase mutant variants. We achieved an average coupling efficiency of 95% and demonstrated ten full cycles of liquid phase synthesis to produce natural and therapeutically relevant modified sequences. We then qualitatively assessed the platform on a solid phase, performing enzymatic synthesis of several N + 5 oligonucleotides on a controlled-pore glass support. Adoption of an aqueous-based process will offer key advantages including the reduction of solvent use and sustainable therapeutic oligonucleotide manufacturing.
Exploring chaos and bifurcation in a discrete prey–predator based on coupled logistic map
Authors: Al-Kaff Mohammed O. , El-Metwally Hamdy A. , Elsadany Abd-Elalim A. , Elabbasy Elmetwally M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research paper investigates discrete predator-prey dynamics with two logistic maps. The study extensively examines various aspects of the system’s behavior. Firstly, it thoroughly investigates the existence and stability of fixed points within the system. We explores the emergence of transcritical bifurcations, period-doubling bifurcations, and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations that arise from coexisting positive fixed points. By employing central bifurcation theory and bifurcation theory techniques. Chaotic behavior is analyzed using Marotto’s approach. The OGY feedback control method is implemented to control chaos. Theoretical findings are validated through numerical simulations.
A shared-aperture pentaband antenna with high impedance surface for CubeSat application
Authors: Uddin Md Nazim , Alwan Elias A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA circular polarized (CP) pentaband antenna based on the aperture-in-aperture (AIA) concept is presented for CubeSat applications. This AIA consists of five different bands ranging from L-band to Ka-band. Four different antennas, each operating at a specific frequency band, namely 12 GHz, 18.5 GHz, 26 GHz, and 32 GHz, were incorporated into an L-band (viz. 1.5 GHz) antenna. Notably, the five antennas can operate simultaneously for a CubeSat downlink operation with a frequency ratio of 21.3:1. The antenna structure shows a realized gain of 5–10 dBi with good CP bandwidth (< 3 dB) across the overall operational frequency range. That is, the realized gain of L-band (1.5 GHz), X-band (12.5 GHz), K-band1 (18.5 GHz), K-band2 (26 GHz), and Ka-bands (32 GHz) are 5.05 dBi, 8.21 dBi, 7.33 dBi, 7.97 dBi, and 8.56 dBi. A high impedance surface (HIS) is incorporated with the Ka-band antenna to mitigate the ripples in the radiation pattern created by the interference of surface waves. A prototype was fabricated and tested. The measurement data agrees well with the simulation.
Comparison of outcomes between modified double-flanged sutureless scleral fixation and conventional sutured scleral fixation
Authors: Kim Jinsoo , Lee Phil Young , Park Min Seon , Cho Bum-Joo , Kwon Soonil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis retrospective study aimed to compare the outcomes of modified double-flanged sutureless scleral fixation versus sutured scleral fixation. Medical records of 65 eyes from 65 patients who underwent double-flanged scleral fixation (flange group) or conventional scleral fixation (suture group) between 2021 and 2022 were reviewed. Visual and refractive outcomes, as well as postoperative complications, were compared 1, 2, and 6 months after surgery. We included 31 eyes in the flange group and 34 eyes in the suture group. At 6 months postoperatively, the flange group showed better uncorrected visual acuity (0.251 ± 0.328 vs. 0.418 ± 0.339 logMAR, P = 0.041) and a smaller myopic shift (− 0.74 ± 0.93 vs. − 1.33 ± 1.15 diopter, P = 0.007) compared to the suture group. The flange group did not experience any instances of iris capture, while the suture group had iris capture in 10 eyes (29.4%; P < 0.001). In the flange group, all intraocular lenses remained centered, whereas in the suture group, they were decentered in 8 eyes (23.5%; P = 0.005). The double-flanged technique not only prevented iris capture and decentration of the intraocular lens but also reduced myopic shift by enhancing the stability of the intraocular lens.
Effects of negative ions on equilibrium solar plasmas in the fabric of gravito-electrostatic sheath model
Authors: Sarma Pankaj , Karmakar Pralay Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gravito-electrostatic sheath (GES) model, exploring the solar wind plasma (SWP) origin from the solar interior plasma (SIP) via the solar surface boundary (SSB), is revaluated by including realistic negative ionic species. A constructive numerical analysis of the structuring equations shows that the SIP volume shrinks with an increase in the negative ion concentration. This shrinking nature is independent of ion mass and plasma temperature. The electric potential is insensitive to the negative ion concentration, mass, and plasma temperature. The solar plasma flow dynamics is studied with the Mach number and current density profiles. The sonic transition of the SWP depends on the Ti/Te-ratio. The current density responds to the negative ion density and Ti/Te−ratio in both the SIP and SWP. A deviation from the local quasi-neutrality state is observed in the SIP. The GES model equations result in a modified GES-Bohm sheath criterion in a well justifiable and validated form. The obtained results are then compared with the various observed outcomes and previous GES-based predictions. The relevance of this multi-parametric solar plasma analysis is lastly emphasized on the basis of the current solar research progressions.
Differential potassium channel inhibitory activities of a novel thermostable degradation peptide BmKcug1a-P1 from scorpion medicinal material and its N-terminal truncated/restored peptides
Authors: Qin Chenhu , Yang Xuhua , Zuo Zheng , Yuan Peixin , Sun Fang , Luo Xudong , Ye Xiangdong , Cao Zhijian , Chen Zongyun , Wu Yingliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermally stable full-length scorpion toxin peptides and partially degraded peptides with complete disulfide bond pairing are valuable natural peptide resources in traditional Chinese scorpion medicinal material. However, their pharmacological activities are largely unknown. This study discovered BmKcug1a-P1, a novel N-terminal degraded peptide, in this medicinal material. BmKcug1a-P1 inhibited hKv1.2 and hKv1.3 potassium channels with IC50 values of 2.12 ± 0.27 μM and 1.54 ± 0.28 μM, respectively. To investigate the influence of N-terminal amino acid loss on the potassium channel inhibiting activities, three analogs (i.e., full-length BmKcug1a, BmKcug1a-P1-D2 and BmKcug1a-P1-D4) of BmKcug1a-P1 were prepared, and their potassium channel inhibiting activities on hKv1.3 channel were verified by whole-cell patch clamp technique. Interestingly, the potassium channel inhibiting activity of full-length BmKcug1a on the hKv1.3 channel was significantly improved compared to its N-terminal degraded form (BmKcug1a-P1), while the activities of two truncated analogs (i.e., BmKcug1a-P1-D2 and BmKcug1a-P1-D4) were similar to that of BmKcug1a-P1. Extensive alanine-scanning experiments identified the bonding interface (including two key functional residues, Asn30 and Arg34) of BmKcug1a-P1. Structural and functional dissection further elucidated whether N-terminal residues of the peptide are located at the bonding interface is important in determining whether the N-terminus significantly influences the potassium channel inhibiting activity of the peptide. Altogether, this research identified a novel N-terminal degraded active peptide, BmKcug1a-P1, from traditional Chinese scorpion medicinal material and elucidated how the N-terminus of peptides influences their potassium channel inhibiting activity, contributing to the functional identification and molecular truncation optimization of full-length and degraded peptides from traditional Chinese scorpion medicinal material Buthus martensii Karsch.
Investigating the crowding effect on letters and symbols in deaf adults
Authors: Kamble Veena , Buyle Margot , Crollen Virginie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReading requires the transformation of a complex array of visual features into sounds and meaning. For deaf signers who experience changes in visual attention and have little or no access to the sounds of the language they read, understanding the visual constraints underlying reading is crucial. This study aims to explore a fundamental aspect of visual perception intertwined with reading: the crowding effect. This effect manifests as the struggle to distinguish a target letter when surrounded by flanker letters. Through a two-alternative forced choice task, we assessed the recognition of letters and symbols presented in isolation or flanked by two or four characters, positioned either to the left or right of fixation. Our findings reveal that while deaf individuals exhibit higher accuracy in processing letters compared to symbols, their performance falls short of that of their hearing counterparts. Interestingly, despite their proficiency with letters, deaf individuals didn’t demonstrate quicker letter identification, particularly in the most challenging scenario where letters were flanked by four characters. These outcomes imply the development of a specialized letter processing system among deaf individuals, albeit one that may subtly diverge from that of their hearing counterparts.
Medical intelligence using PPG signals and hybrid learning at the edge to detect fatigue in physical activities
Authors: Liu Ping , Song Yazhou , Yang Xuan , Li Dejuan , Khosravi M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe educational environment plays a vital role in the development of students who participate in athletic pursuits both in terms of their physical health and their ability to detect fatigue. As a result of recent advancements in deep learning and biosensors benefitting from edge computing resources, we are now able to monitor the physiological fatigue of students participating in sports in real time. These devices can then be used to analyze the data using contemporary technology. In this paper, we present an innovative deep learning framework for forecasting fatigue in athletic students following physical exercise. It addresses the issue of lack of precision computational models and extensive data analysis in current approaches to monitoring students’ physical activity. In our study, we classified fatigue and non-fatigue based on photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Several deep learning models are compared in the study. Using limited training data, determining the optimal parameters for PPG presents a significant challenge. For datasets containing many data points, several models were trained using PPG signals: a deep residual network convolutional neural network (ResNetCNN) ResNetCNN, an Xception architecture, a bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM), and a combination of these models. Training and testing datasets were assigned using a fivefold cross validation approach. Based on the testing dataset, the model demonstrated a proper classification accuracy of 91.8%.
Eigen-entropy based time series signatures to support multivariate time series classification
Authors: Patharkar Abhidnya , Huang Jiajing , Wu Teresa , Forzani Erica , Thomas Leslie , Lind Marylaura , Gades Naomi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost current algorithms for multivariate time series classification tend to overlook the correlations between time series of different variables. In this research, we propose a framework that leverages Eigen-entropy along with a cumulative moving window to derive time series signatures to support the classification task. These signatures are enumerations of correlations among different time series considering the temporal nature of the dataset. To manage dataset’s dynamic nature, we employ preprocessing with dense multi scale entropy. Consequently, the proposed framework, Eigen-entropy-based Time Series Signatures, captures correlations among multivariate time series without losing its temporal and dynamic aspects. The efficacy of our algorithm is assessed using six binary datasets sourced from the University of East Anglia, in addition to a publicly available gait dataset and an institutional sepsis dataset from the Mayo Clinic. We use recall as the evaluation metric to compare our approach against baseline algorithms, including dependent dynamic time warping with 1 nearest neighbor and multivariate multi-scale permutation entropy. Our method demonstrates superior performance in terms of recall for seven out of the eight datasets.