bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geriatric trauma hospitalist service: An analysis of a management strategy for injured older adults
Authors: Kregel Heather R. , Pedroza Claudia , Sunez Fatimah , Khraish Gina , Onyema Ezenwa , Meyer David E. , Adams Sasha D. , Kao Lillian S. , Moore Laura J. , Puzio Thaddeus J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundManagement of geriatric trauma patients requires balancing chronic comorbidities with acute injuries. We developed a care model in which patients are managed by hospitalists with trauma‐centered education and hypothesized that clinical outcomes would be similar to outcomes in patients primarily managed by trauma surgeons.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of trauma patients aged ≥65 from January 2020 to December 2021. Groups were defined by admitting service: trauma surgery service (TSS) or geriatric trauma hospitalist service (GTHS). The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality. Regression analyses and inverse probability treatment weighted (IPTW) propensity score (PS) analyses were performed to determine the association between admitting service and outcomes.ResultsA total of 1004 patients were eligible for inclusion—580 GTHS and 424 TSS admissions. GTHS patients were older (82 vs. 74, p < 0.001), more likely to have suffered blunt trauma (99.5% vs. 95%, p < 0.001), more likely to have comorbidities (91.2% vs. 87%, p < 0.001), had higher Charlson Comorbidity Indexes (CCIs), and had lower median injury severity scores (9 vs. 13, p < 0.001). Rates of mortality, delirium, 30‐day readmission, and overall complications were low and similar between groups. While TSS patients were likely to be discharged home, GTHS had more discharges to skilled nursing facilities and longer length of stay (LOS). On multivariable analysis adjusted for age, ISS, CCI, and sex, patients admitted to GTHS had lower odds of death with an odds ratio of 0.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.75, p = 0.03) when compared to TSS. On IPTW PS analysis, patients admitted to GTHS had similar odds of death with an odds ratio of 0.3 (95% CI 0.06–1.6, p = 0.16).ConclusionsProtocolized admission criteria to a GTHS resulted in similar low mortality rates but longer LOS when compared to patients admitted to a TSS. This care model may inform other trauma centers in developing their strategies for managing the increasing volume of vulnerable injured older adults.
Descriptive study of perineuronal net in enteric nervous system of humans and mice
Authors: da Silva Matheus Deroco Veloso , Bacarin Cristiano Correia , Machado Camila Cristina Alves , Franciosi Anelise , Mendes Joana Darc de Lima , da Silva Watanabe Paulo , Miqueloto Carlos Alberto , Fattori Victor , Albarracin Orlando Yesid Esparza , Verri Waldiceu A. , Aktar Rubina , Peiris Madusha , Aziz Qasim , Blackshaw L. Ashley , de Almeida Araújo Eduardo José 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPerineuronal nets (PNN) are highly specialized structures of the extracellular matrix around specific groups of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). They play functions related to optimizing physiological processes and protection neurons against harmful stimuli. Traditionally, their existence was only described in the CNS. However, there was no description of the presence and composition of PNN in the enteric nervous system (ENS) until now. Thus, our aim was to demonstrate the presence and characterize the components of the PNN in the enteric nervous system. Samples of intestinal tissue from mice and humans were analyzed by RT‐PCR and immunofluorescence assays. We used a marker (Wisteria floribunda agglutinin) considered as standard for detecting the presence of PNN in the CNS and antibodies for labeling members of the four main PNN‐related protein families in the CNS. Our results demonstrated the presence of components of PNN in the ENS of both species; however its molecular composition is species‐specific.image
Dysregulation of circadian clock gene expression patterns in a treatment‐resistant animal model of depression
Authors: Højgaard Kristoffer , Kaadt Erik , Mumm Birgitte Hviid , Pereira Vitor Silva , Elfving Betina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCircadian rhythm (CR) disturbances are among the most commonly observed symptoms during major depressive disorder, mostly in the form of disrupted sleeping patterns. However, several other measurable parameters, such as plasma hormone rhythms and differential expression of circadian clock genes (ccgs), are also present, often referred to as circadian phase markers. In the recent years, CR disturbances have been recognized as an essential aspect of depression; however, most of the known animal models of depression have yet to be evaluated for their eligibility to model CR disturbances. In this study, we investigate the potential of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)‐treated animals as a disease model for research in CR disturbances in treatment‐resistant depression. For this purpose, we evaluate the changes in several circadian phase markers, including plasma concentrations of corticosterone, ACTH, and melatonin, as well as gene expression patterns of 13 selected ccgs at 3 different time points, in both peripheral and central tissues. We observed no impact on plasma corticosterone and melatonin concentrations in the ACTH rats compared to vehicle. However, the expression pattern of several ccgs was affected in the ACTH rats compared to vehicle. In the hippocampus, 10 ccgs were affected by ACTH treatment, whereas in the adrenal glands, 5 ccgs were affected and in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and liver 4 ccgs were regulated. In the blood, only 1 gene was affected. Individual tissues showed changes in different ccgs, but the expression of Bmal1, Per1, and Per2 were most generally affected. Collectively, the results presented here indicate that the ACTH animal model displays dysregulation of a number of phase markers suggesting the model may be appropriate for future studies into CR disturbances.image
Investigation of the clinical implications of anterior cervical invasion in locally advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tamura Saya , Yamanoi Koji , Inayama Yoshihide , Kurata Yasuhisa , Himoto Yuki , Taki Mana , Murakami Ryusuke , Horie Akihito , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposesThis study investigates the clinical significance of the anterior parametrical invasion in surgically treated patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsWe included patients diagnosed with cervical SCC with local lesions classified as T2b, who were treated at our department between January 2006 and December 2020. We evaluated the degree of anterior invasion using pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging and divided patients into three groups: partial, equivocal, and full invasion. The frequency of recurrence within 3 years (early recurrence) and overall prognosis were assessed.ResultsThere were 12, 24, and 46 cases in the partial equivocal, and full invasion groups, respectively. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy was the mainstay of treatment across all groups (7, 17, and 27 cases, respectively). Although the frequency of early recurrence tended to be worse in the full group (partial; 2/7 cases, equivocal; 3/17 cases and full; 9/27 cases), all early local recurrence cases in the full group (four cases) responded well to the subsequent treatment. As for overall survival, the full invasion group had the best prognosis among the three groups.ConclusionsIn surgical treatment, although full anterior invasion may increase the risk of early local recurrence, it was considered to have little prognostic impact.
Clinging on the brink: Whole genomes reveal human‐induced population declines and severe inbreeding in the Critically Endangered Emirati Leaf‐toed Gecko (Asaccus caudivolvulus)
Authors: Burriel‐Carranza Bernat , Mochales‐Riaño Gabriel , Talavera Adrián , Els Johannes , Estarellas Maria , Al Saadi Saleh , Urriago Suarez Juan Diego , Olsson Per Olof , Matschiner Michael , Carranza Salvador 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman‐mediated habitat destruction has had a profound impact on increased species extinction rates and population declines worldwide. The coastal development in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the last two decades, serves as an example of how habitat transformation can alter the landscape of a country in just a few years. Here, we study the genomic implications of habitat transformation in the Critically Endangered Emirati Leaf‐toed Gecko (Asaccus caudivolvulus), the only endemic vertebrate of the UAE. We generate a high‐quality reference genome for this gecko, representing the first reference genome for the family Phyllodactylidae, and produce whole‐genome resequencing data for 23 specimens from 10 different species of leaf‐toed geckos. Our results show that A. caudivolvulus has consistently lower genetic diversity than any other Arabian species of Asaccus, suggesting a history of ancient population declines. However, high levels of recent inbreeding are recorded among populations in heavily developed areas, with a more than 50% increase in long runs of homozygosity within a 9‐year period. Moreover, results suggest that this species does not effectively purge deleterious mutations, hence making it more vulnerable to future stochastic threats. Overall, results show that A. caudivolvulus is in urgent need of protection, and habitat preservation must be warranted to ensure the species' survival.
Expression patterns of melanin‐related genes are linked to crypsis and conspicuousness in a pumpkin toadlet
Authors: Monteiro Juliane P. C. , Pröhl Heike , Lyra Mariana L. , Brunetti Andrés E. , de Nardin Eli C. , Condez Thais H. , Haddad Célio F. B. , Rodríguez Ariel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractColour signals play pivotal roles in different communication systems, and the evolution of these characters has been associated with behavioural ecology, integumentary production processes and perceptual mechanisms of the species involved. Here, we present the first insight into the molecular and histological basis of skin colour polymorphism within a miniaturized species of pumpkin toadlet, potentially representing the lowest size threshold for colour polytypism in tetrapods. Brachycephalus actaeus exhibits a coloration ranging from cryptic green to conspicuous orange skin, and our findings suggest that colour morphs differ in their capability to be detected by potential predators. We also found that the distribution and abundance of chromatophores are variable in the different colour morphs. The expression pattern of coloration related genes was predominantly associated with melanin synthesis (including dct, edn1, mlana, oca2, pmel, slc24a5, tyrp1 and wnt9a). Up‐regulation of melanin genes in grey, green and brown skin was associated with higher melanophore abundance than in orange skin, where xanthophores predominate. Our findings provide a significant foundation for comparing and understanding the diverse pathways that contribute to the evolution of pigment production in the skin of amphibians.
Space, the final frontier: The spatial component of phytoplankton–bacterial interactions
Authors: Martínez‐Pérez Clara , Zweifel Sophie T. , Pioli Roberto , Stocker Roman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicroscale interactions between marine phytoplankton and bacteria shape the microenvironment of individual cells, impacting their physiology and ultimately influencing global‐scale biogeochemical processes like carbon and nutrient cycling. In dilute environments such as the ocean water column, metabolic exchange between microorganisms likely requires close proximity between partners. However, the biological strategies to achieve this physical proximity remain an understudied aspect of phytoplankton–bacterial associations. Understanding the mechanisms by which these microorganisms establish and sustain spatial relationships and the extent to which spatial proximity is necessary for interactions to occur, is critical to learning how spatial associations influence the ecology of phytoplankton and bacterial communities. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge on the role of space in shaping interactions among ocean microorganisms, encompassing behavioural and metabolic evidence. We propose that characterising phytoplankton–bacterial interactions from a spatial perspective can contribute to a mechanistic understanding of the establishment and maintenance of these associations and, consequently, an enhanced ability to predict the impact of microscale processes on ecosystem‐wide phenomena.
The role of surgery for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in paediatric hemato‐oncology patients—Can we better define it?
Authors: Hassan Mohamed , Andresen Felicia , Le Uyen‐Thao , Passlick Bernward , Schmid Severin , Puzik Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality in paediatric patients with cancer, haematological diseases or immunodeficiencies with or without allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The role of surgical intervention for the management of IPA has scarcely been investigated.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to present a single center experience of management of IPA in paediatric patients of an oncological ward, to determine the short and long‐term outcomes after thoracic surgical interventions, and to outline the indications of surgical interventions in selected patients.Patients/MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 44 paediatric patients with proven and probable IPA treated in our institution between January 2003 and December 2021. The primary endpoint was the overall survival after surgical interventions. Secondary endpoints included post‐operative morbidity and mortality.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis of IPA in our cohort was 11.79 years (range 0.11–19.6). The underlying conditions were malignancies in 34 (77%) patients and haematological or immunological disorders with allogeneic HSCT in 9 (23%) patients. We performed thoracic surgical interventions in 10 (22.7%) patients. Most patients received a video assisted thoracic surgery. Only one patient died within 90 days after surgery with a median follow‐up time of 50 months. No other major post‐operative complications occurred. The calculated 5‐year survival rate from IPA for patients after surgical intervention with curative intention was 57% and 56% for patients without (p = .8216).ConclusionsIPA resulted in relevant morbidity and mortality in our paediatric patient cohort. Thoracic surgical interventions are feasible and may be associated with prolonged survival as a part of multidisciplinary approach in selected paediatric patients with IPA. Larger scale studies are necessary to investigate the variables associated with the necessity of surgery.
Mechanisms of biodiversity loss under nitrogen enrichment: unveiling a shift from light competition to cation toxicity
Authors: Namuhan  , Wang Jing , Yang Guojiao , Song Yantao , Yu Yunguang , Wang Jidong , Wang Xiaoguang , Shi Yiping , Shen Yue , Han Xingguo , Wuyunna  , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: July 2024

Summary

The primary mechanisms contributing to nitrogen (N) addition induced grassland biodiversity loss, namely light competition and soil cation toxicity, are often examined separately in various studies. However, their relative significance in governing biodiversity loss along N addition gradient remains unclear.

We conducted a 4‐yr field experiment with five N addition rates (0, 2, 10, 20, and 50 g N m−2 yr−1) and performed a meta‐analysis using global data from 239 observations in N‐fertilized grassland ecosystems.

Results from our field experiment and meta‐analysis indicate that both light competition and soil cation (e.g. Mn2+ and Al3+) toxicity contribute to plant diversity loss under N enrichment. The relative importance of these mechanisms varied with N enrichment intensity. Light competition played a more significant role in influencing species richness under low N addition (≤ 10 g m−2 yr−1), while cation toxicity became increasingly dominant in reducing biodiversity under high N addition (>10 g m−2 yr−1). Therefore, a transition from light competition to cation toxicity occurs with increasing N availability.

These findings imply that the biodiversity loss along the N gradient is regulated by distinct mechanisms, necessitating the adoption of differential management strategies to mitigate diversity loss under varying intensities of N enrichment.
The Experiences of Hospital Admission in a Single Room for Older Persons With Dementia and Their Families: A Scoping Review
Authors: Søndergaard Susanne Friis , Skov Tina , Andersen Anne Bendix 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhen older persons with dementia are admitted to hospital, they often feel disoriented and confused and their cognitive impairment may worsen, purely due to the sudden change in their environment. As such hospital design is recognised as an important aspect in the care and well‐being of older persons with dementia. As the number of persons with dementia is increasing, the experience of admission to a hospital with, for example, single rooms is more relevant than ever.Aim and MethodsThis scoping review aimed to identify, explore and conceptually map the literature reporting on what older people with dementia and their families experienced during admission to a hospital with single room accommodation. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute recommendations for undertaking a scoping review. In addition, we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) Checklist, which assisted the development and reporting of this scoping review.ResultsWe included 10 sources within a time frame of 23 years (1998–2021). The sources originate from Europe, Australia and Canada.We identified three conceptual maps: Safety and security, Privacy and dignity and Sensorial stimulation. Our review demonstrates that the themes of the three conceptual maps are experienced as mutually interdependent for the older persons with dementia and their families.ConclusionWe conclude that it is not merely the single room design that determines what the older persons with dementia and their families experience as important; the exposure to sensorial stimulation and the presence of well‐trained staff taking a dignified patient‐centred approach are also crucial for their experience of high‐quality nursing care.
Psychologists' experience of working with people who hear voices and their views on the idea of voice simulation training: A qualitative study
Authors: Hignett Rebecca , Curran Rebecca , Fisher Helen L. , Riches Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesResearch indicates psychologists typically lack subjective understanding of voice hearing. Voice hearing simulation training has potential to improve understanding, empathy and confidence among clinicians, but psychologists have had limited input into its development. This study investigated psychologists' and a psychotherapist's clinical experience of working with people who hear voices and their views and recommendations for voice hearing simulation training.DesignThis was a qualitative study.MethodsClinical psychologists and one psychotherapist (N = 17) participated in semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse transcribed data.ResultsThe Clinical Experience theme comprised of subthemes Barriers to engagement, Diversity of voice hearing experiences, Lack of subjective understanding, Curiosity about voice hearing, Empathy for voice hearers, Using personal experiences to relate to voices, Clinical experience increases knowledge, Importance of supervision and colleague's support, Benefits of experiential training, Limited training in non‐psychosis settings and Clinical experience increases confidence. The Views on Voice Hearing Simulation Training theme comprised of subthemes Improves subjective understanding, Concern about distress, Discomfort as a strength of voice hearing simulations, Artificiality of simulation, Increases empathy and Over‐estimation of understanding. The Recommendations theme comprised of subthemes Discuss artificiality, Co‐production, Promote voice diversity, Support staff and Maximise inclusivity.ConclusionsFindings indicate that clinical experience improves psychologists' confidence and knowledge, yet participants reported a lack of subjective understanding of voice hearing. Co‐produced simulation training between individuals who hear voices and clinicians was anticipated to improve subjective understanding, empathy and therapeutic relationships, which could support a range of staff and improve quality of care delivered.
Genome wide association study and meta‐analysis identified multiple new risk loci for freckles in 4813 Chinese individuals
Authors: Luo Sihan , Li Zhuo , Wang Minhao , Liu Zhili , Wang Daiyue , Bai Yuanming , Ge Huiyao , Yu Yafen , Yu Yanxia , Chen Weiwei , Wang Yirui , Zhang Chang , Yu Jing , Song Can , Lv Chengzhi , Zhen Qi , Han Yang , Sun Liangdan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFreckle is a prevalent pigmentary dermatosis with an obvious hereditary component. Dozens of freckles risk loci have been discovered through research on multiple traits or other diseases, rather than as an independent trait. To discover novel variants associated with freckles, we performed GWAS and meta‐analysis in 4813 Chinese individuals. We conducted GWAS and meta‐analysis of two cohorts: 197 patients and 1603 controls (Cohort I), and 336 patients and 2677 controls (Cohort II), both from China. Then we performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, eQTL study, and enrichment analysis with association results for functional implications. Finally, we discovered 59 new SNPs and 13 novel susceptibility genes associated with freckles (Pmeta <5 × 10−8), which has enriched the genetic research on freckles.
Trichoscopic findings in neonatal alopecia in oro‐facial‐digital syndrome type 1
Authors: Martinez‐Molina Manel , Carmona‐Rocha Elena , Gil‐Lianes Javier , Yubero Delia , Casas‐Alba Dídac , Baselga Eulàlia , Ivars Marta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOral–facial–digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) is an X‐linked dominant development disorder due to mutations in the OFD1 gene. It is characterized by facial, oral, and digital malformations, although expression is variable. Skin manifestations are frequent (20%–30% of patients) and characterized by evanescent milia and patchy alopecia. Trichoscopic findings (broken hairs, black dots, pili torti) can resemble tinea capitis, although such findings have not been well characterized. High clinical suspicion of ectodermal dysplasia‐like syndromes due to trichoscopy findings, absence of response to long‐term antifungal therapy, and the presence of midline anomalies can raise suspicion for OFD1, which can be confirmed by genetic testing and enable diagnosis.