bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planungswettbewerb Süderelbebrücke Moorburg
Authors: Reintjes Karl‐Heinz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie Brücke über die Süderelbe ist ein wesentlicher Teil der geplanten Verlängerung der Bundesautobahn A 26, die künftig die Bundesautobahnen A 7 und A 1 im Süden des Hamburger Hafens miteinander verbinden soll.Der mögliche Korridor der A 26 für die Querung der Süderelbe ist aufgrund der räumlichen Randbedingungen eng gefasst. Das Kraftwerk Moorburg, der Hafen Hohe Schaar, verschiedene großräumige Betriebsgelände, die vorhandene Trasse der Kattwykstraße und Hafenbahn sowie geplante Bauvorhaben ließen nur eine Querung der Süderelbe in der Nähe der vorhandenen Kattwykbrücke zu. Damit war eine schwierige Aufgabenstellung für die Brücke gegeben.Zur Lösungsfindung wurde ein Realisierungswettbewerb durchgeführt und mit der Preisgerichtssitzung im Mai 2013 abgeschlossen. Der erste Platz wurde einstimmig ausgewählt. Es handelt sich um eine Schrägseilbrücke mit zwei Pylonen, einer Spannweite von 350 m und einer allseits anerkannten, gelungenen Gestaltung mit charakteristischen Entwurfselementen, einem zweigeteilten Überbau und zweigeteilten Pylonen.Auch bei den übrigen Wettbewerbsbeiträgen, es waren insgesamt zwölf Arbeitsgemeinschaften von Ingenieuren und Architekten beteiligt, finden sich Entwürfe, die von besonderem gestalterischen oder technischen Interesse sind. Der Schwerpunkt liegt deutlich bei Schrägkabelbrücken, andere Brückenkonstruktionen wurden allerdings auch vorgeschlagen.Design competition Süderelbe bridge Moorburg – Report on execution and result of the realization competitionThe bridge across the Süderelbe will be the key structure of the projected extension of the federal motorway A 26, which in future will link the A 7 with the A 1 in the south of the Hamburg harbor.The possible corridor for the alignment of the A 26 across the Süderelbe is confined tightly. The power plant Moorburg, the harbor Hohe Schaar, several industry areas, roads, a railway line lead stringently to a crossing in the neighborhood of the existing Kattwyk Bridge. So, a difficult setting of tasks is given for the design of the bridge.A competition was initiated to find the best design and solution for realization. In May 2013, a jury of clients and experts assessed the works of the twelve participants. The winner is a cable‐stayed bridge with two pylons, a main span of 350 m and of a generally approved aesthetic design. Characteristic elements are a dual superstructure and split pylons.Under the other works of the competition are inspirational designs of aesthetical or technical interest, too.
Erneuerung des Gleistragwerks am Göltzschtalviadukt
Authors: Bösche Thomas , Buchmann Lutz , Sieber Matthias , Döring Karl‐Heinz 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAm bereits 1851 dem Verkehr übergebenen Göltzschtalviadukt ergab sich im Rahmen der von der Deutschen Bahn geplanten Elektrifizierung des Streckenabschnitts Reichenbach‐Hof die Aufgabe, den Brückenkopf in kürzester Zeit für die neuen Nutzungsanforderungen auszubauen. Über vergrößerte Auskragungen eines neuen Gleistragwerks sollte ein moderner Fahrweg hergestellt werden, welcher den vorgesehenen Geschwindigkeiten von bis zu 160 km/h gerecht wird. Gleichzeitig mussten die Voraussetzungen für die Anordnung von Oberleitungsmasten geschaffen werden.Neben einer Vielzahl von bautechnischen und baubetrieblichen Randbedingungen standen bei der Planung und Bauausführung die Aspekte der Denkmalpflege im Mittelpunkt. Hier ergaben sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen den Nutzungsanforderungen an einen modernen Fahrweg und dem Bestreben, bestehende Besonderheiten zu erhalten, interessante Kompromisslösungen.The renewal of the track supporting structure at the Göltzschtalviadukt – A 160 year old arch bridge with a new track for the electric railwayDue to the planned electrification of the railway‐track from Reichenbach to Hof by the Deutsche Bahn an enlargement of the bridge‐head of the Göltzschtalviadukt had to be realised in a very short time. By using of a cantelivered structure the conditions for a modern track for speeds up to 160 km/h should been created. At the same time the space for the fastenings of the catenary masts had to be erected. In addition to a variety of construction and management constraints were the aspects of historic preservation at the center of planning and construction. From the conflict between the requirements of a modern infrastructure and the desire to preserve existing peculiarities resulted interesting compromise solutions
Systems metabolic engineering design: Fatty acid production as an emerging case study
Authors: Tee Ting Wei , Chowdhury Anupam , Maranas Costas D. , Shanks Jacqueline V. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIncreasing demand for petroleum has stimulated industry to develop sustainable production of chemicals and biofuels using microbial cell factories. Fatty acids of chain lengths from C6 to C16 are propitious intermediates for the catalytic synthesis of industrial chemicals and diesel‐like biofuels. The abundance of genetic information available for Escherichia coli and specifically, fatty acid metabolism in E. coli, supports this bacterium as a promising host for engineering a biocatalyst for the microbial production of fatty acids. Recent successes rooted in different features of systems metabolic engineering in the strain design of high‐yielding medium chain fatty acid producing E. coli strains provide an emerging case study of design methods for effective strain design. Classical metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches enabled different and distinct design paths towards a high‐yielding strain. Here we highlight a rational strain design process in systems biology, an integrated computational and experimental approach for carboxylic acid production, as an alternative method. Additional challenges inherent in achieving an optimal strain for commercialization of medium chain‐length fatty acids will likely require a collection of strategies from systems metabolic engineering. Not only will the continued advancement in systems metabolic engineering result in these highly productive strains more quickly, this knowledge will extend more rapidly the carboxylic acid platform to the microbial production of carboxylic acids with alternate chain‐lengths and functionalities. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 849–857. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biosynthesis of the Insecticidal Xenocyloins in Xenorhabdus bovienii
Authors: Proschak Anna , Zhou Qiuqin , Schöner Tim , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Kresovic Darko , Dowling Andrea , ffrench‐Constant Richard , Proschak Ewgenij , Bode Helge B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe biosynthesis gene cluster for the production of xenocyloins was identified in the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus bovienii SS‐2004, and their biosynthesis was elucidated by heterologous expression and in vitro characterization of the enzymes. XclA is an S‐selective ThDP‐dependent acyloin‐like condensation enzyme, and XclB and XclC are examples of the still‐rare acylating ketosynthases that catalyze the acylation of the XclA‐derived initial xenocyloins with acetyl‐, propionyl‐, or malonyl‐CoA, thereby resulting in the formation of further xenocyloin derivatives. All xenocyloins were produced mainly by the more virulent primary variant of X. bovienii and showed activity against insect hemocytes thus contributing to the overall virulence of X. bovienii against insects.
Meta‐analysis of bioabsorbable versus durable polymer drug‐eluting stents in 20,005 patients with coronary artery disease: An update
Authors: Lupi Alessandro , Gabrio Secco Gioel , Rognoni Andrea , Lazzero Maurizio , Fattori Rossella , Sheiban Imad , Sante Bongo Angelo , Bolognese Leonardo , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Porto Italo 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo perform an updated meta‐analysis comparing biodegradable polymer drug eluting stents (BP‐DES) and durable polymer drug eluting stents (DP‐DES).BackgroundBP‐DES have been suggested to reduce late stent thrombosis (LST) rates as compared to first generation DP‐DES. Recently, second generation DP‐DES have replaced older DES, but comparison of these stents with BP‐DES has not yielded consistent results.MethodsMedline/Web databases were searched for studies comparing BP‐DES and DP‐DES, and reporting rates of overall/cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), LST, target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) and late lumen loss (LLL), with a follow‐up ≥6 months.ResultsTwenty studies (20,005 patients) were included in the meta‐analysis. Median follow‐up time was 1 year. Compared with DP‐DES, BP‐DES showed lower LLL (in stent: weighted mean difference WMD −0.45 mm, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.24 mm, P = 0.00001; in segment: WMD −0.15 mm, 95% CI = −0.24 to −0.06 mm, P = 0.001) and lower rates of LST (OR 0.51, 95% CI = 0.30 to 0.86, P = 0.01), although they did not improve mortality, MI, TLR, and TVR rates. BP‐DES coated with sirolimus or novolimus, in comparison with biolimus or paclitaxel, were associated with reduced LLL (P < 0.0001 for subgroups).ConclusionsIn comparison with DP‐DES, BP‐DES significantly reduce LLL and LST rates, without clear benefits on harder endpoints. The efficacy of BP‐DES in preserving lumen patency seems larger for sirolimus and novolimus DES. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 Absorption Using Nanofluids in a Wetted‐Wall Column with External Magnetic Field
Authors: Samadi Zahra , Haghshenasfard Masoud , Moheb Ahmad 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new method for enhancing the mass transfer coefficient in the gas absorption process is reported. CO2 absorption experiments were carried out in a wetted‐wall column using different aqueous nanofluids as the solvent. The mass transfer characteristics were found to increase by applying Al2O3/water nanofluid. The mass transfer coefficient decreased with TiO2/water nanofluid. In the case of Fe3O4/water nanofluid, the mass transfer rate was enhanced by increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction, but the mass transfer coefficient was lower than that obtained with water for all experimental conditions studied. Finally, applying a downward magnetic field resulted in higher mass flux and mass transfer coefficient in comparison with experiments without a magnetic field.
Esterification of Acetic Acid and Ethanol in a Flow‐Through Membrane Reactor Coupled with Pervaporation
Authors: Guo Shiwei , He Benqiao , Li Jianxin , Zhao Quan , Cheng Yu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe esterification of acetic acid is an important industrial process for the synthesis of ethyl acetate. A membrane reactor with a sulfonated polyethersulfone/polyethersulfone/non‐woven fabrics composite catalytic coupled with a poly(vinyl alcohol) pervaporation membrane was applied in continuous esterification of ethanol with acetic acid in a flow‐through mode. High equilibrium conversion was obtained for esterification in a closed‐loop mode. For the pervaporation‐assisted esterification in this mode, the experimental conversion was very close to the theoretical value.
Effect of Viscosity on the Hydrodynamics of Liquid Processes in Microchannels
Authors: Su Yuanhai , Chen Guangwen , Yuan Quan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe hydrodynamics of single‐phase liquid flow with relatively high fluid viscosities in a microchannel was investigated experimentally. The results showed that the conventional theory could predict the single‐phase flow with high fluid viscosities in microchannels. Furthermore, the effect of viscosity on the slug flow of two immiscible liquid phases in a microchannel was studied with high‐speed imaging techniques. It was found that a higher dispersed‐phase viscosity quickened the flow pattern transition from slug flow to parallel flow and resulted in smaller slugs. A modified capillary number representing the mutual effects of the viscosities of the continuous phase and the dispersed phase was proposed for predicting the slug sizes in microchannels.
Improving the Energy Storage Performance of Graphene through Insertion of Pristine CNTs and Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Coating
Authors: You Bo , Wang Lili , Li Na , Zheng Chaolun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGraphene‐based energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries have triggered substantial research interests due to the remarkable physical and chemical properties. However, the restacking due to intensive π–π interactions dramatically decreases the specific surface area, leading to the poor energy storage performance. In addition, the electrical conductivity of commonly reduced graphene oxide (G) is several orders of magnitude lower than pristine graphene due to the incomplete reduction and the presence of numerous defects. Here, we report a doubl enhanced strategy to improve the energy storage performance of G through pristine CNTs directly dispersed by GO and subsequent multicomponent surface self‐assembly coating of ordered mesoporous carbon. The resulted graphene–CNT ordered mesoporous carbon ternary hybrids (GCMCs) possess an ordered, interconnected mesostructure, a high specific surface area of 1411 m2 g−1, large mesopores of 4.3 nm, and good conductivity. With their tailored architecture, the GCMCs‐based supercapacitor shows high specific capacitance (2.4–16.5 times higher than G) and excellent cycle along with 100 % capacitance after 1000 cycles. Additionally, lithium ion battery anodes made of these GCMCs have exhibited a high reversible capacity of 903 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles, which is 3.9 times higher than that of G.
Capping Methodology in Cyclodextrin Chemistry: Use of a Symmetrical Diketone Reagent for Regiospecific Installation of Unsymmetrical Imine–Enamine and Imidazole Caps
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Armspach Dominique , Louati Alain , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loïc 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMethylated α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin skeletons were both equipped with an unsymmetrical N‐(2‐N‐alkylaminoacenaphthenyl)alkylimine rigid handle. The capping reaction, which consists of condensing a diaminocyclodextrin with highly symmetrical acenaphthenequinone, was found to be regiospecific when starting from cyclodextrin‐diamines without any symmetry element. All modified cyclooligosaccharides have intra‐annular nitrogen donor atoms. They undergo further cyclization on oxidation, whether chemically with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone or electrochemically, to give highly strained cyclodextrins capped with an unsymmetrical 1,2‐disubstituted 1H‐imidazole unit.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 3,3‐Disubstituted Allylic Alcohols in Ethereal Solvents
Authors: Bernasconi Maurizio , Ramella Vincenzo , Tosatti Paolo , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIr‐phosphinomethyl‐oxazoline complexes have been identified as efficient, highly enantioselective catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of 3,3‐disubstituted allylic alcohols and related homoallylic alcohols. In contrast to other N,P ligand complexes, which require weakly coordinating solvents, such as dichloromethane, these catalysts perform well in more ecofriendly THF or 2‐MeTHF. Their synthetic potential was demonstrated with the formal total synthesis of four bisabolane sesquiterpenes.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Dysidavarone A, a Novel Sesquiterpenoid Quinone from the Marine Sponge Dysidea avara
Authors: Fukui Yurie , Narita Koichi , Katoh Tadashi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDysidavarone A, a structurally unprecedented sesquiterpenoid quinone, was synthesized in 30 % overall yield in a longest liner sequence of 13 steps from commercially available o‐vanillin. A highly strained and bridged eight‐membered carbocyclic core was established by the C7C21 carbon bond formation through a copper enolate mediated Michael addition to the internal quinone ring.
Rationale and Design of LAPLACE‐2: A Phase 3, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐ and Ezetimibe‐Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Evolocumab in Subjects With Hypercholesterolemia on Background Statin Therapy
Authors: Robinson Jennifer G. , Rogers William J. , Nedergaard Bettina S. , Fialkow Jonathan , Neutel Joel M. , Ramstad David , Somaratne Ransi , Legg Jason C. , Nelson Patric , Scott Rob , Wasserman Scott M. , Weiss Robert 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTLow‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels are significantly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, and studies using interventions that lower LDL‐C levels have been shown to reduce the risk of ASCVD events and mortality. Statin treatment is the current first‐line therapy for lowering LDL‐C and reducing ASCVD risk. However, many patients are still unable to reach recommended LDL‐C goals on maximally tolerated statin therapy. Monoclonal antibodies that inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, including evolocumab (previously AMG 145), dramatically lowered LDL‐C in phase 2 clinical trials when administered alone or in combination with a statin. The aim of this phase 3 study is to evaluate the efficacy of 12 weeks of subcutaneous evolocumab (vs placebo) administered every 2 weeks or every month in combination with a statin in patients with hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. This study will also provide comparative efficacy, safety, and tolerability data between evolocumab and ezetimibe when added to background atorvastatin therapy.
One‐Year Outcome of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting: An Analysis of the AFCAS Registry
Authors: Rubboli Andrea , Schlitt Axel , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Biancari Fausto , Karjalainen Pasi P. , Valencia Josè , Laine Mika , Kirchhof Paulus , Niemelä Matti , Vikman Saila , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Airaksinen K. E. Juhani ,   for the AFCAS Study Group
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundMost evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the antithrombotic regimens for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stent (PCI‐S) derives from small, single‐center, retrospective datasets. To obtain further data on this issue, we carried out the prospective, multicenter, observational Management of patients with Atrial Fibrillation undergoing Coronary Artery Stenting (AFCAS) registry (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00596570).HypothesisWe hypothesize that the antithrombotic treatment of AF patients undergoing PCI‐S is variable and the clinical outcome may vary according to the different regimens.MethodsConsecutive AF patients undergoing PCI‐S at 17 European institutions were included and followed for 1 year. Outcome measures included: (1) major adverse cardiac/cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, stent thrombosis, or stroke/transient ischemic attack, and (2) bleeding, and were compared according to the antithrombotic regimen adopted. A propensity‐score analysis was carried out to adjust for baseline and procedural differences.ResultsOut of the 975 patients enrolled, 914 were included in the final analysis. The mean CHADS2 score was 2.2 ± 1.2, and 71% of patients had a CHADS2 score ≥2. Triple therapy (TT) of vitamin K antagonist (VKA), aspirin, and clopidogrel was prescribed to 74% of patients, dual antiplatelet therapy to 18%, and VKA plus clopidogrel to 8%. At 1‐year follow‐up, no significant differences were found in the occurrence of MACCE and bleeding among the 3 antithrombotic regimens, even when adjusted for propensity score.ConclusionsIn this large, real‐world population of AF patients undergoing PCI‐S, TT was the antithrombotic regimen most frequently prescribed. Although several limitations need to be acknowledged, in our study the 1‐year efficacy and safety of TT, dual antiplatelet therapy, and VKA plus clopidogrel was comparable.
Impact of Urbanization on Local Air Quality: Differences in Urban and Rural Areas of Balikesir, Turkey
Authors: Tecer Lokman Hakan , Tagil Sermin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOzone (O3) is a secondary pollutant which is produced photo‐chemically by reactions involving NOx and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m‐, p‐xylenes (BTEX) in the presence of sunlight. The present study determined outdoor air quality in both the urban area of Balikesir City and rural area (around Ikizcetepeler Dam) in the same region in the western part of Turkey. The main objectives of this study were to analyze the temporal evolution and qualify the spatial distribution by using geostatistical techniques; to determine the spatial variability of air pollutants using the spatial auto‐correlation statistic; and to identify the local spatial patterns of the pollutants in order to highlight the areas of potential risk of O3, NO2, and BTEX pollution and its possible causes. For this purpose firstly, the data were compiled by using passive sampling in winter and in summer. Concentrations of O3 ranged from 14.03 to 42.43 μ g/m3 in winter and from 81.79 to 70.39 μ g/m3 in summer in urban area. The mean NO2 and BTEX concentrations varied between sites, while mean winter concentrations were higher than the mean in summer. During winter seasons, the motorway, residential areas, urban traffic, and industrial sites showed high BTEX levels compared to the suburban and rural sites. This paper investigates the spatial mapping of temporal trends in air quality for both urban and rural areas for annual, summer and winter means. The global Moran's I result demonstrated that O3, NO2, and BTEX had significant positive global spatial correlations. In addition, the results of local spatial auto‐correlation analysis showed the locations of significant high–high spatial clusters and low–low spatial outliers.
The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in the Epigenetic Control of Gene Expression
Authors: Morlando Mariangela , Ballarino Monica , Fatica Alessandro , Bozzoni Irene 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent advances in the methodologies employed to deeply analyse the complexity of transcriptomes have unveiled the existence of a new class of transcripts, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). A significant amount of effort has been dedicated to the study of lncRNAs, and a large body of evidence now exists indicating their relevant role in different regulatory steps of gene expression. Given the role of epigenetics in disease development and progression, this Minireview focuses on lncRNAs involved in epigenetic control and provides an overview of the mechanisms used to guide epigenetic‐modifying complexes to adjacent (cis‐acting) or independent (trans‐acting) genomic loci. Furthermore, it describes the activities of these transcripts in controlling the formation and spreading of heterochromatin domains. Just as other RNA molecules have found therapeutic application, though much remains to be elucidated about the structure and function of these lncRNAs, they too could hold potential as biomarkers, targets, and therapeutic agents.