bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New alliances for research and teaching support: establishing the Göttingen eResearch Alliance
Authors: Schmidt Birgit , Dierkes Jens 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the design and implementation of policies, digital infrastructures and hands-on support for eResearch at the University of Göttingen. Core elements of this activity are to provide support for research data management to researchers of all disciplines and to coordinate on-campus activities. These activities are actively aligned with disciplinary, national and international policies and e-infrastructures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The process of setting up and implementing an institutional data policy and its necessary communications and workflows are described and analysed. A first assessment of service development and uptake is provided in the area of embedded research data support.

Findings
– A coordination unit for eResearch brings together knowledge about methods and tools that are otherwise scattered across disciplinary units. This provides a framework for policy implementation and improves the quality of institutional research environments.

Practical implications
– The study provides information about an institutional implementation strategy for infrastructure and services related to research data. The lessons learned allow insights into current challenges and work ahead.

Originality/value
– With a cross-cutting, “horizontal” approach, in the Göttingen eResearch Alliance, two research-orientated infrastructure providers, a library and an IT service, combine their services and expertise to develop an eResearch service and support portfolio for the Göttingen Campus.
Forecasting stock index volatility with GARCH models: international evidence
Authors: Sharma Prateek , _ Vipul 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare the daily conditional variance forecasts of seven GARCH-family models. This paper investigates whether the advanced GARCH models outperform the standard GARCH model in forecasting the variance of stock indices.Design/methodology/approach– Using the daily price observations of 21 stock indices of the world, this paper forecasts one-step-ahead conditional variance with each forecasting model, for the period 1 January 2000 to 30 November 2013. The forecasts are then compared using multiple statistical tests.Findings– It is found that the standard GARCH model outperforms the more advanced GARCH models, and provides the best one-step-ahead forecasts of the daily conditional variance. The results are robust to the choice of performance evaluation criteria, different market conditions and the data-snooping bias.Originality/value– This study addresses the data-snooping problem by using an extensive cross-sectional data set and the superior predictive ability test (Hansen, 2005). Moreover, it covers a sample period of 13 years, which is relatively long for the volatility forecasting studies. It is one of the earliest attempts to examine the impact of market conditions on the forecasting performance of GARCH models. This study allows for a rich choice of parameterization in the GARCH models, and it uses a wide range of performance evaluation criteria, including statistical loss functions and the Mince-Zarnowitz regressions (Mincer and Zarnowitz 1969). Therefore, the results are more robust and widely applicable as compared to the earlier studies.
Effects of ocean acidification on Posidonia oceanica epiphytic community and shoot productivity
Authors: Cox T. Erin , Schenone Stefano , Delille Jeremy , Díaz‐Castañeda Victoria , Alliouane Samir , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre , Gazeau Frédéric 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Biological interactions can alter predictions that are based on single‐species physiological response. It is known that leaf segments of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica will increase photosynthesis with lowered pH, but it is not clear whether the outcome will be altered when the whole plant and its epiphyte community, with different respiratory and photosynthetic demands, are included. In addition, the effects on the Posidonia epiphyte community have rarely been tested under controlled conditions, at near‐future pH levels.

In order to better evaluate the effects of pH levels as projected for the upcoming decades on seagrass meadows, shoots of P. oceanica with their associated epiphytes were exposed in the laboratory to three pH levels (ambient: 8.1, 7.7 and 7.3, on the total scale) for 4 weeks. Net productivity, respiration, net calcification and leaf fluorescence were measured on several occasions. At the end of the study, epiphyte community abundance and composition, calcareous mass and crustose coralline algae growth were determined. Finally, photosynthesis vs. irradiance curves (PE) was produced from segments of secondary leaves cleaned of epiphytes and pigments extracted.

Posidonia leaf fluorescence and chlorophyll concentrations did not differ between pH treatments. Net productivity of entire shoots and epiphyte‐free secondary leaves increased significantly at the lowest pH level yet limited or no stimulation in productivity was observed at the intermediate pH treatment. Under both pH treatments, significant decreases in epiphytic cover were observed, mostly due to the reduction of crustose coralline algae. The loss of the dominant epiphyte producer yet similar photosynthetic response for epiphyte‐free secondary leaves and shoots suggests a minimal contribution of epiphytes to shoot productivity under experimental conditions.

Synthesis. Observed responses indicate that under future ocean acidification conditions foreseen in the next century an increase in Posidonia productivity is not likely despite the partial loss of epiphytic coralline algae which are competitors for light. A decline in epiphytic cover could, however, reduce the feeding capacity of the meadow for invertebrates. In situ long‐term experiments that consider both acidification and warming scenarios are needed to improve ecosystem‐level predictions.
Ethanol Metabolites: Their Role in the Assessment of Alcohol Intake
Authors: Wurst Friedrich M. , Thon Natasha , Yegles Michel , Schrück Alexandra , Preuss Ulrich W. , Weinmann Wolfgang 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundAlcohol‐related disorders are common, expensive in their course, and often underdiagnosed. To facilitate early diagnosis and therapy of alcohol‐related disorders and to prevent later complications, questionnaires and biomarkers are useful.MethodsIndirect state markers like gamma‐glutamyl‐transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume, and carbohydrate deficient transferrin are influenced by age, gender, various substances, and nonalcohol‐related illnesses, and do not cover the entire timeline for alcohol consumption. Ethanol (EtOH) metabolites, such as ethyl glucuronide, ethyl sulfate, phosphatidylethanol, and fatty acid ethyl esters have gained enormous interest in the last decades as they are detectable after EtOH intake.ResultsFor each biomarker, pharmacological characteristics, detection methods in different body tissues, sensitivity/specificity values, cutoff values, time frames of detection, and general limitations are presented. Another focus of the review is the use of the markers in special clinical and forensic samples.ConclusionsDepending on the biological material used for analysis, ethanol metabolites can be applied in different settings such as assessment of alcohol intake, screening, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of alcohol use disorders.
Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast‐feeding
Authors: Larsen E. R. , Damkier P. , Pedersen L. H. , Fenger‐Gron J. , Mikkelsen R. L. , Nielsen R. E. , Linde V. J. , Knudsen H. E. D. , Skaarup L. , Videbech P. 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo write clinical guidelines for the use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast‐feeding for daily practice in psychiatry, obstetrics and paediatrics.MethodAs we wanted a guideline with a high degree of consensus among health professionals treating pregnant women with a psychiatric disease, we asked the Danish Psychiatric Society, the Danish Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Danish Paediatric Society and the Danish Society of Clinical Pharmacology to appoint members for the working group. A comprehensive review of the literature was hereafter conducted.ResultsSertraline and citalopram are first‐line treatment among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for depression. It is recommended to use lithium for bipolar disorders if an overall assessment finds an indication for mood‐stabilizing treatment during pregnancy. Lamotrigine can be used. Valproate and carbamazepin are contraindicated. Olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine and clozapine can be used for bipolar disorders and schizophrenia.ConclusionIt is important that health professionals treating fertile women with a psychiatric disease discuss whether psychotropic drugs are needed during pregnancy and how it has to be administered.
A cross‐sectional assessment of the long term effects of brief strategic family therapy for adolescent substance use
Authors: Horigian Viviana E. , Feaster Daniel J. , Robbins Michael S. , Brincks Ahnalee M. , Ucha Jessica , Rohrbaugh Michael J. , Shoham Varda , Bachrach Ken , Miller Michael , Burlew A. Kathleen , Hodgkins Candace C. , Carrion Ibis S. , Silverstein Meredith , Werstlein Robert , Szapocznik José 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundYoung adult drug use and law‐breaking behaviors often have roots in adolescence. These behaviors are predicted by early drug use, parental substance use disorders, and disrupted and conflict‐ridden family environments.AimTo examine long‐term outcomes of Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in the rates of drug use, number of arrests and externalizing behaviors in young adults who were randomized into treatment conditions as adolescents.Design261 of 480 adolescents who had been randomized to BSFT or TAU in the BSFT effectiveness study were assessed at a single time, 3–7 years post randomization.MethodsAssessments of drug use, externalizing behaviors, arrests and incarcerations were conducted using Timeline Follow Back, Adult Self Report, and self‐report, respectively. Drug use, arrests and incarcerations were examined using negative binomial models and externalizing behaviors were examined using linear regression.ResultsWhen compared with TAU, BSFT youth reported lower incidence of lifetime (IRR = 0.68, 95%CI [0.57, 0.81]) and past year (IRR = 0.54, 95%CI [0.40, 0.71]) arrests; lower rates of lifetime (IRR = 0.63, 95%CI [0.49, 0.81]) and past year (IRR = 0.70, 95%CI [0.53, 0.92]) incarcerations; and lower scores on externalizing behaviors at follow‐up (B = −0.42, SE = .15, p = .005). There were no differences in drug use.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceBSFT may have long term effects in reducing the number of arrests, incarcerations and externalizing problems. These effects could be explained by the improvements in family functioning that occurred during the effectiveness study. This study contributes to the literature by reporting on the long term outcomes of family therapy for adolescent drug abuse. (Am J Addict 2015;XX:1–9)
The Role of Foundations in Public Debates in Germany
Authors: Strachwitz Rupert 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWhy is the German foundations model different from the U.S. model? Does it have to do with the long and surprisingly unbroken history of foundations in Germany or rather with differences in the role of the state? Whatever the answer, this has enormous repercussions on what foundations may achieve in helping to shape public debates. Using Hirschman's model of loyalty, voice, and exit, and a definition of foundations based on seven different functions, the article explores the history of foundations in Germany and assesses their public role, both as contributors of arguments and policy papers, and as objects of public debate. It describes the amazing revival the concept of philanthropy has encountered over the last 15 years, and discusses whether this is due to long‐term political convictions or rather to short‐term political needs. Using examples taken from the 19th and 20th centuries, the article highlights a number of aspects that serve to illustrate the theoretical dilemma as to whether and to what extent highly hierarchical organisms may legitimately exist in an open heterarchical society.
How Foundations Exercise Power
Authors: Roelofs Joan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFoundations (and philanthropy in general) have great political power in the United States and worldwide, yet this is hardly noted by political analysts or journalists. Their power is exerted in many ways, such as by funding progressive organizations and movements; sponsoring policy “think tanks” and organizations of public officials; influencing the political culture through media, academic researchers, and university programs (including public interest law in law schools); and co‐opting activists and potential rebels among the rich and poor. Because of their resources and prestige, they are powerful members of coalitions and collaborations with overt and covert government departments, U.N. agencies, universities, and nongovernmental organizations. Foundations have been major actors in the “Cold War,” which continues as the attempt to deflect any movement towards socialism here or abroad. Globalization has amplified the power of foundations, for many of the global institutions were created by foundations and continue to be fostered by them. The sponsorship of civil society institutions worldwide by private foundations, now with additional billions from governments and international governmental institutions, supports U.S. hegemony: military, political, and economic. We cannot know what the world would have been like absent foundation activities, but the current one does not appear to have a democratic, peaceful, or sustainable future.
Surgical methods for tubal pregnancy – effects on ovarian response to controlled stimulation during IVF
Authors: Ödesjö Elisabet , Bergh Christina , Strandell Annika 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionTubal pregnancy is often treated by surgery: salpingotomy or salpingectomy. Concern has been raised regarding the risk of compromising the vascular and nervous supply to the ovary, following salpingectomy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) is reduced after salpingectomy in comparison with salpingotomy, among women undergoing IVF subsequent to surgical treatment of tubal pregnancy.Material and methodsThis retrospective cohort study included 153 women who had undergone IVF after surgery for ectopic tubal pregnancy. Women treated by either salpingectomy or salpingotomy constituted the two groups. Potential confounders (age, body mass index, smoking, stimulation dosage of gonadotrophin and reason for IVF) were included in multivariable regression analyses. The primary outcome was number of retrieved oocytes. The secondary outcomes were clinical pregnancy and live birth rates.ResultsA total of 118 women had undergone unilateral salpingectomy and 35 women had undergone unilateral salpingotomy. The mean number of oocytes at aspiration in the subsequent IVF cycle was 11.8 (salpingectomy group) and 11.7 (salpingotomy group). A linear regression analysis showed no effect of treatment type on aspirated oocytes [β = −0.11, 95% confidence interval −2.27, 2.04 (p = 0.92)]. Adjustment for potential confounders did not alter the result.ConclusionAmong women undergoing IVF after surgery for tubal pregnancy, the ovarian response was not influenced by the surgical method. Our results do not support the theory that salpingectomy, compared with salpingotomy, impairs ovarian reserve measured as number of oocytes retrieved during subsequent IVF treatment.
Serum Shiga toxin 2 values in patients during acute phase of diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Authors: He Xiaohua , Quiñones Beatriz , Loo Maroeska Te , Loos Sebastian , Scavia Gaia , Brigotti Maurizio , Levtchenko Elena , Monnens Leo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimShiga toxins are delivered via systemic circulation and are considered to be the cause of diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), as they injure endothelial cells, particularly in the glomeruli. This study measured Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) in the serum of children affected in by HUS due to Stx2 producing Escherichia coli.MethodsThe concentration of free Stx2 was measured in the serum of 16 children, collected immediately after admission to the clinic in the acute phase of HUS, using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The family members of two children were also investigated, with the relative toxicity of Stx2 assessed by a Vero cell‐based fluorescent assay.ResultsStx2 was found in the serum of eight of the 16 children who were investigated. It was also detected in four of the six family members not showing symptomatic HUS, with an extremely high level in two.ConclusionAn absent or rather low concentration of Stx2 was found in the serum of children admitted to the clinic with diarrhoea‐associated HUS. The high concentration of Stx2 in family members without HUS, but mostly with watery diarrhoea and raised functional activity, was in line with the concept of early injury by Stx2.
Owner‐Managers and the Failure of Newly Adopted Works Councils
Authors: Jirjahn Uwe , Mohrenweiser Jens 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUsing representative data from the IAB Establishment Panel, we show that the managerial environment has a strong influence on the introduction and survival of works councils. Employees in owner‐managed establishments are less likely to introduce a works council. Moreover, in case of an introduction, the new works council is less likely to survive if the establishment is owner‐managed. The pattern of results even holds in situations that involve positive economic effects of works councils. This suggests that owner‐managers oppose works councils not primarily for economic reasons. Our findings are rather consistent with the hypothesis that owner‐managers oppose co‐determination because it reduces the utility they gain from being the ultimate bosses within the establishment.
Resisting Japan's Neoliberal Model of Capitalism: Intensification and Change in Contemporary Patterns of Class Struggle
Authors: Shibata Saori 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Japanese model of capitalism has tended to be conceptualized within the extant literature in terms of a transition from a model characterized by coordination towards one in which neoliberal reforms have produced greater levels of instability, competition and inequality. This article argues that these trends raise the question of what patterns of resistance have been part of this transition. The article highlights how the neoliberalization of Japan's model of capitalism has also been accompanied by intensified class antagonism. Although the impact of such contestation on policymaking and actual policies has thus far been limited, Japan's neoliberalization has nevertheless been (and seems likely to remain) far from uncontested.
The Role of Soil Nutrients in Boundaries between Mangrove and Herbaceous Assemblages in a Tropical Estuary
Authors: Ribeiro Jose Pedro N. , Tiberio Fernanda C. S. , de Oliveira Alexandre A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe aimed to determine the role of soil nutrients in the herbaceous‐tree boundary in a tropical mangrove forest. We assembled plots in this boundary such that each was initially covered by ~50% of each life form. We added NPK to three of the plots monthly and monitored them, along with the control plots, for 18 mo. In plots with added NPK, mangrove branches grew over and shaded the herbaceous plants, resulting in the presence of mostly bare soil. The mangrove trees eventually covered ~80% of the experimental plots, but the proportion of cover in the control plots remained unaltered. We conclude that soil nutrient level modulates the mangrove‐herbaceous plant interaction in steps, and from a given level there is a shift in the dominant life form. This mechanism leads to a sharp transition over a smooth nutritional gradient.
Early Nonparental Care and Social Behavior in Elementary School: Support for a Social Group Adaptation Hypothesis
Authors: Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Tremblay Richard E. , Vitaro Frank , Japel Christa , Boivin Michel , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: September 2015

This study examined the contribution of nonparental child‐care services received during the preschool years to the development of social behavior between kindergarten and the end of elementary school with a birth cohort from Québec, Canada (N = 1,544). Mothers reported on the use of child‐care services, while elementary school teachers rated children's shyness, social withdrawal, prosociality, opposition, and aggression. Children who received nonparental child‐care services were less shy, less socially withdrawn, more oppositional, and more aggressive at school entry (age 6 years). However, these differences disappeared during elementary school as children who received exclusive parental care caught up with those who received nonparental care services. This “catch‐up” effect from the perspective of children's adaptation to the social group is discussed.
Sarcopenia and failure to rescue following liver transplantation
Authors: Underwood Patrick W. , Cron David C. , Terjimanian Michael N. , Wang Stewart C. , Englesbe Michael J. , Waits Seth A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionSarcopenic liver transplant recipients have higher rates of mortality, but mechanisms underlying these rates remain unclear. Failure to rescue (FTR) has been shown to be a primary driver of mortality following major general and vascular surgery. We hypothesized that FTR is common in sarcopenic liver transplant recipients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 348 liver transplant recipients with perioperative CT scans. Analytic morphomic techniques were used to assess trunk muscle size via total psoas area (TPA). One‐yr major complication and FTR rates were calculated across TPA tertiles.ResultsThe one‐yr complication rate was 77% and the FTR rate was 19%. Multivariate regression showed TPA as a significant predictor of FTR (OR = 0.27 per 1000 mm2 increase in TPA, p < 0.001). Compared to patients in the largest muscle tertile, patients in the smallest tertile had 1.4‐fold higher adjusted complication rates (91% vs. 66%) and 2.8‐fold higher adjusted FTR rates (22% vs. 8%).DiscussionThese results suggest that mortality in sarcopenic liver transplant recipients may be strongly related to FTR. Efforts aimed at early recognition and management of complications may decrease postoperative mortality. Additionally, this work highlights the need for expanded multicenter collaborations aimed at collection and analysis of postoperative complications in liver transplant recipients.