bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of reference intervals for serum alkaline phosphatase among adults in Southern China traced to the new IFCC reference measurement procedure
Authors: Han Liqiao , Wang Jianbing , Zhang Qiaoxuan , Ke Peifeng , Wu Xiaobin , Wan Zemin , Lin Haibiao , Zeng Ruili , Huang Xianzhang , Zhuang Junhua 
Published: October 2015

Abstract: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) plays a critical role in the diagnosis of various diseases, and the establishment of relevant, reliable reference intervals (RI) is key to avoiding misdiagnoses. In 2011, IFCC published the new reference measurement procedure (RMP) for the determination of serum ALP in which one of the main modifications was the measuring temperature of the assay. Here, the new RMP was used to help establish RIs for serum ALP concentrations in healthy Chinese Han.Volunteer individuals in Guangdong province, China (n=1622) were screened by questionnaire and laboratory testing for eligibility as a reference. Blood (20 mL) was collected and samples were measured by the Roche Modular system using the new RMP for the serum ALP compatible method. Partitioning of values by gender and/or age was evaluated with a standard normal deviate test after removing outliers. A simple non-parametric method for a two-sided 95% distribution of reference values was calculated.Serum ALP concentrations were obtained from the cohort of eligible reference individuals (n=658). The RI for serum ALP in males age 18–79 years was 48–131 U/L. Females were partitioned into two age groups based on statistical analysis, 18–49 years and 50–79 years, and the RIs derived were 40–106 U/L and 57–159 U/L, respectively.RIs for serum ALP for Chinese Han individuals in between the ages of 18 and 79 years were determined and required partitioning due to the higher ALP values of females age 50–79 years.
Catalysis in glycerol: a survey of recent advances
Authors: Tagliapietra Silvia , Orio Laura , Palmisano Giovanni , Penoni Andrea , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is currently a significant increase in the use of glycerol as a renewable solvent for catalytic reactions. Glycerol has often been the solvent of choice in both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses, despite its high viscosity at ambient temperature and the low solubility of highly hydrophobic reagents found in glycerol. Its biodegradability and non-toxicity have led to reports of improved reaction performance and selectivity, as well as easier product separation and effective catalyst recycling. All relevant advances in this emerging field of “green” catalysis are thoroughly reviewed below.
Validated chiral chromatographic methods for clopidogrel bisulphate and its related substances in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Elzanfaly Eman S. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Soudi Aya T. , Salem Maissa Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo validated chromatographic methods developed for the analysis of S clopidogrel bisulphate in the presence of its related substances listed in the United States and British Pharmacopoeias including its inactive R enantiomer are described. The first method is a simple thin layer chromatographic (TLC) method where separation is performed on pre-coated silica gel 60 F254 plates using methanol/diethylamine/heptanes/water containing 20 mg vancomycin hydrochloride (7 : 7 : 1.5 : 0.5 vol. %) as a mobile phase. R
Small Two-Bar Specimen Creep Testing of Grade P91 Steel at 650°C
Authors: Ali Balhassn S. M. , Hyde Tom H. , Sun Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCommonly used small creep specimen types, such as ring and impression creep specimens, are capable of providing minimum creep strain rate data from small volumes of material. However, these test types are unable to provide the creep rupture data. In this paper the recently developed two-bar specimen type, which can be used to obtain minimum creep strain rate and creep rupture creep data from small volumes of material, is described. Conversion relationships are used to convert (i) the applied load to the equivalent uniaxial stress, and (ii) the load line deformation rate to the equivalent uniaxial creep strain rate. The effects of the specimen dimension ratios on the conversion factors are also discussed in this paper. This paper also shows comparisons between two-bar specimen creep test data and the corresponding uniaxial creep test data, for grade P91 steel at 650°C.
Identification of irradiated dried fruits using EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Guzik Grzegorz P. , Stachowicz Wacław , Michalik Jacek 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The dominating carbohydrates in fruits are monosaccharides like fructose, glucose, sorbose and mannose. In dehydrated fruits, concentration of monosaccharides is higher than in fresh fruits resulting in the formation of sugar crystallites. In most of dried fruits, crystalline fructose, and glucose dominate and appear in proportion near to 1:1. Irradiation of dried fruits stimulates radiation chemical processes resulting in the formation of new chemical products and free radicals giving rise to multicomponent EPR signal which can be detected for a long period of time. For that reason, it is used as a marker for the detection of radiation treatment of dried fruits. It has been found that EPR spectra recorded in dried banana, pineapple, papaya, and fig samples resemble the EPR spectrum obtained by computer addition of fructose and glucose spectra taken in proportion 1:1. The decay of radiation induced EPR signals proceeds in dried fruits fast during the first month of observation and becomes much slower and almost negligible after prolonged storage. However, it remains intense enough for EPR detection even one year after processing. The radiation induced EPR signal is easily detected in dried fruits exposed to 0.5 kGy of gamma rays. Thus, the EPR method of the detection of irradiated fruits can be used for the control of dried fruits undergoing quarantine treatment with 200-300 Gy of ionizing radiation.
The origin and chronology of medieval silver coins based on the analysis of chemical composition
Authors: Pańczyk Ewa , Sartowska Bożena , Waliś Lech , Dudek Jakub , Weker Władysław , Widawski Maciej 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Medieval Central Europe coins - the Saxon coins, also called as the Otto and Adelheid denarii, as well as the Polish ones, the Władysław Herman and Bolesław Śmiały coins - were examined to determine their provenance and dating. Their attribution and chronology often constitute a serious problem for historians and numismatists. For hundreds of years, coins were in uncontrolled conditions and in variable environment. Destructed and inhomogeneous surface were the effect of corrosion processes. Electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS)), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis (energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF)), and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) were applied. The results of these investigations are significant for our knowledge of the history of Central European coinage, especially of Polish coinage
Hochempfindliche Folien-Dehnungsmessstreifen
auf dem Weg zur technologischen Reife
Authors: Vollberg Dennis , Probst Anne-Catherine , Langosch Matthäus , Landes Alexander , Göttel Dirk , Cerino Mario , Lellig Angela , Freitag-Weber Olivia , Schultes Günter 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
Es wird über den Stand der Forschung an hochempfindlichen
Folien-Dehnungsmessstreifen berichtet. Die Folien-DMS bestehen aus
einer Polyimidfolie, auf welche eine granulare Dünnschicht auf der
Basis von Nickel und Kohlenstoff mit einer Schichtdicke von etwa
150 nm aufgesputtert wird. Die k-Faktoren erreichen 20
für die Nickel-Kohlenstoff Version und 10 für eine
modifizierte Version aus Nickel-Chrom-Kohlenstoff. Die Strukturierung
erfolgt mit einem Ultrakurzzeitlaser, wobei die Laserstrahlung die
Schicht lokal abträgt, ohne wesentliche Beeinflussung der
Polyimidfolie. Keine photolithographischen Prozesse und
Ätzlösungen werden benötigt. In Abhängigkeit der
gewählten Geometrie können hohe elektrische Widerstände
von bis zu 50 kΩ erzeugt werden. Als einer der
letzten Schritte wird eine gegenüber mechanischer und
Umwelt-Einflüsse schützende dielektrische Schicht auf die DMS
aufgetragen. Der gesamte Herstellungsprozess wird vorgestellt. Muster
der neuen Folien-DMS werden auf Kraftsensoren bekannter Geometrie
aufgeklebt und charakterisiert. Vorläufige Ergebnisse des
Up-scaling-Prozesses mit Messungen der Empfindlichkeiten, der
Linearitäts- und Hysteresefehler, der Kriechfehler und der
Stabilität bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen werden
präsentiert. Ein Vergleich der hochempfindlichen Folien-DMS mit
Metallfolien-DMS rundet die Arbeit ab und weist auf mögliche
Anwendungen hin.
Regional topology and approximative solutions of difference and differential equations
Authors: Migda Janusz 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We introduce a topology, which we call the regional topology, on the space of all real functions on a given locally compact metric space. Next we obtain new versions of Schauder’s fixed point theorem and Ascoli’s theorem. We use these theorems and the properties of the iterated remainder operator to establish conditions under which there exist solutions, with prescribed asymptotic behaviour, of some difference and differential equations.
Nonautonomous Solitons for the Coupled Variable-Coefficient Cubic-Quintic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with External Potentials in the Non-Kerr Fibre
Authors: Mao Bing-Qing , Gao Yi-Tian , Feng Yu-Jie , Yu Xin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVariable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS)-type models are used to describe certain phenomena in plasma physics, nonlinear optics, arterial mechanics, and Bose–Einstein condensation. In this article, the coupled variable-coefficient cubic-quintic NLS equations with external potentials in the non-Kerr fibre are investigated. Via symbolic computation, similarity transformations and relevant constraints on the coefficient functions are obtained. Based on those transformations, such equations are transformed into the coupled cubic-quintic NLS equations with constant coefficients. Nonautonomous soliton solutions are derived, and propagation and interaction of the nonautonomous solitons in the non-Kerr fibre are investigated analytically and graphically. Those soliton solutions are related to the group velocity dispersionr(x) and external potentialsh1(x) andh2(x,t). With the different choices ofr(x), parabolic, cubic, and periodically oscillating solitons are obtained; with the different choices ofh2(x,t), we can see the dromion-like structures and nonautonomous solitons with smooth step-like oscillator frequency profiles, to name a few.
The epidemiology of pituitary adenomas in Iceland, 1955–2012: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Agustsson Tomas Thor , Baldvinsdottir Tinna , Jonasson Jon G , Olafsdottir Elinborg , Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , Sigurdsson Gunnar , Thorsson Arni V , Carroll Paul V , Korbonits Márta , Benediktsson Rafn 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivePituitary adenomas (PA) are among the most common human neoplasms. To describe the epidemiology and assess the disease burden of clinically significant PAs, population-based studies are needed. Iceland has a small well-defined population. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of PAs in Iceland over an expanded period of time.DesignThis is a retrospective observational study, including all PAs diagnosed in Iceland from 1955 to 2012.MethodsExtensive clinical information was gathered in a database. Prevalence rates for all PA subtypes were calculated along with standardized incidence rates (SIR). Sex ratios and relationships with adenoma size, age, and symptoms were assessed.ResultsWe identified 471 individuals: 190 men and 281 women. Total prevalence in 2012 was 115.57/100 000, prolactinomas were most prevalent (54.37/100 000) followed by non-functioning adenomas (NFPAs) (42.32/100 000). Throughout the period, NFPAs were most common (43.0%) followed by prolactinomas (39.9%) and 11.3% had acromegaly and 5.7% Cushing's disease. Women are diagnosed younger with smaller adenomas. Total SIR has increased significantly and is now 5.8/100 000 per year.ConclusionIn this nationwide study spanning six decades, we have confirmed PAs rising prevalence and incidence rates noted in recent studies. We demonstrated higher overall prevalence and incidence rates than ever previously recorded with an increasing predominance of NFPAs, which is not explained by incidental findings alone. There is a relationship with the introduction of imaging modalities, but the vast majority of patients are symptomatic at diagnosis. This underlines the importance of increased awareness, education, and appropriate allocation of resources for this growing group of patients.
Risk of Hospital Readmission Among Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Burke James F. , Biel Terry J. , Auger Katherine A. , Goyal Neera K. , Cooper William O. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE:
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a postnatal drug withdrawal syndrome that may last for months. Our objective was to determine if infants with NAS are at increased risk for hospital readmission compared with uncomplicated term and late preterm newborns.

METHODS:
In this longitudinal retrospective cohort study, administrative data were used for all births from 2006 to 2009 in the New York State Inpatient Database. We identified infants with NAS, born late preterm or uncomplicated term, as independent groups using diagnostic codes and determined readmission rates. We fit a multivariable logistic regression model with 30-day readmission after discharge as the outcome and infant characteristics, clinical morbidities, insurance type, and length of birth hospitalization as predictors.

RESULTS:
From 2006 to 2009 in New York State, 700 613 infants were classified as uncomplicated term, 51 748 were born late preterm, and 1643 infants were diagnosed with NAS. After adjusting for confounders, infants with NAS (odds ratio [OR] 2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75–3.55) were more likely than uncomplicated term infants to be readmitted within 30 days of birth hospitalizations. The risk of readmission was similar to late preterm infants (OR 2.26, 95% CI 2.09–2.45). Length of birth hospitalization in days was inversely related to odds of being readmitted within 30 days of birth hospitalization (OR 0.94 95% CI 0.92–0.96).

CONCLUSIONS:
When compared with uncomplicated term infants, infants diagnosed with NAS were more than twice as likely to be readmitted to the hospital. Future research and state-level policies should investigate means to mitigate risk of hospital readmission for infants with NAS.
Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture Development of Microalloyed Twinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steels Under Uniaxial Hot-Tensile Conditions
Authors: Salas-Reyes A.E. , Mejía I. , Cabrera J.M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTNowadays, there are limited referenced data on the hot deformation of twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels, particularly on the crystallographic preferred orientation (crystallographic texture). It is well know that texture is one of the most important factors affecting sheet metal forming performance. The aim of this research work is to determine the influence of microalloying elements on the microstructure and texture of high-Mn austenitic TWIP steels deformed under uniaxial hot-tensile conditions. For this purpose, one non-microalloyed and other single microalloyed with Ti, V and Mo TWIP steels were melted in an induction furnace and cast into metal and sand molds. Samples with average austenitic grain size between 400 and 2000 µm were deformed in the temperature range between 800 and 900 °C at a constant true strain rate of 10-3 s-1. The evolution of the microstructure and texture near to the fracture tip were characterized using electron back-scattering diffraction (EBSD) technique. The results show that the TWIP steels microalloyed with V and Mo and the non-microalloyed one, solidified in metal mold, exhibit dynamically recrystallized grains oriented in the [012] preferential direction, which was corroborated by local misorientation measurements, indicating low dislocation density. On the other hand, most TWIP steels solidified in sand molds do not show dynamically recrystallized grains, having the largest austenitic grains oriented in the [001]/[101] preferred directions. In general, weak textural Cube {001}<100> combined with <111> fiber, namely γ-fiber, spread from E {111}<110> to Y {111}<112> as major texture components were detected.
OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ESPUMAS RÍGIDAS DE POLIURETANO (PUR) COM PÓ DE VIDRO SODO-CÁLCICO (PV) DO REJEITO DA LAPIDAÇÃO
Authors: Galvão Álvaro César Pontes , Farias Aline Cristina Mendes , Mendes José Ubiragi de Lima 
Published: October 2015

O isolamento térmico é empregado na proteção de superfícies aquecidas ou resfriadas através de materiais de baixa condutividade térmica, onde as espumas rígidas de poliuretano (PUR) são as mais utilizadas. O rejeito de vidro não é aproveitável pela indústria recicladora, por isto algumas pesquisas buscam um aproveitamento desse resíduo vítreo aplicando-o como reforço em materiais. Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos compósitos de PUR carregadas com pó de vidro (PV) refinado objetivando uma comparação com o PUR puro e sua adequação como isolante térmico. O PV foi triturado e moído, obtendo-se duas granulometrias diferentes, as quais foram caracterizadas por Análise de Granulometria a Laser, DRX e FRX. Os corpos-de-prova de PUR+PV foram produzidos aplicando-se percentuais mássicos de PV a 5, 10 e 20, cujas características foram analisadas através de ensaios de condutividade térmica, massa específica e resistência à compressão. Os resultados demonstraram que as propriedades dos compósitos de PUR são influenciadas pelos percentuais de PV adicionados na matriz de PUR. Assim, constatou-se que a resistência à compressão (exceto o PV20-100) e a massa específica dos compósitos PUR+PV foi superior à do PUR puro. A condutividade térmica dos compósitos PUR+PV permaneceu numa faixa de 0,035 a 0,045 W/m-K, o que pode sugerir que a inclusão do PV não afetou significativamente as propriedades termofísicas, quando comparadas às do PUR puro (0,040 W/m-K). A partir destas análises, a aplicabilidade do rejeito vítreo contribuiu como reforço do PUR e a sua função de isolação térmica não foi reduzida. Isto possibilita maior economia e preservação ambiental.
A PRODUÇÃO DE BRIQUETES PARA AMENIZAR A PRESSÃO ANTRÓPICA SOBRE O BIOMA CAATINGA NA REGIÃO DO BAIXO-AÇU POTIGUAR
Authors: Tavares Silvio Roberto de Lucena , Tavares Marília Amaral de Moura Estevão , Moreira Ivan Targino 
Published: October 2015

Cerca de 98% do território do Rio Grande do Norte estão incluídos nas chamadas Áreas Susceptíveis à Desertificação do Brasil. Na região do Baixo-Açu, o desmatamento sistemático da mata nativa para atender às necessidades do polo ceramista e de outras pequenas indústrias locais tem intensificado o grave quadro de devastação ambiental da região. Este estudo examinou a viabilidade econômico-financeira da produção comercial de briquetes como forma de suprir parte da demanda por lenha e carvão vegetal, mitigando assim os efeitos antrópicos sobre o bioma caatinga. Os briquetes seriam compostos de resíduos da produção de cera de carnaúba e de capim-elefante plantado exclusivamente para fins energéticos nas áreas irrigáveis da região. As estimativas de custos de instalação e manutenção da fábrica foram feitas tendo como parâmetros os custos de instalação de uma fábrica-escola em construção no Campus Ipanguaçu do IFRN e os custos de produção de uma fábrica idêntica a esta, em operação há cinco anos, no Estado do Paraná. Os dados foram sistematizados em planilhas do software Make Money, usado na avaliação da viabilidade econômica a partir de aferidores como Valor Presente Líquido, Payback e Taxa Interna de Retorno. Os resultados comprovaram que a produção de biocombustíveis sólidos adensados é viável no Baixo-Açu e pode contribuir de maneira efetiva para a recomposição da mata nativa, além de gerar ocupação e renda para os moradores da região.
PRECIFICAÇÃO DA ENERGIA DISPONÍVEL NO BRIQUETE DE CARNAÚBA E CAPIM-ELEFANTE E NA LENHA DO SEMIÁRIDO POTIGUAR
Authors: Tavares Silvio Roberto de Lucena , Tavares Marília Amaral de Moura Estevão 
Published: October 2015

Um dos maiores entraves para a consolidação do mercado para briquetes é o mito de que esses biocombustíveis são sempre mais caros do que a lenha advinda do puro extrativismo. Através da análise comparativa do preço da energia disponível para queima em uma tonelada de lenha e briquete misto de palha de carnaúba e capim-elefante, este estudo comprovou que, dependendo do teor de umidade da lenha, o rendimento do briquete é superior em metade das 60 simulações feitas com três tipos de espécies vegetais do semiárido do Rio Grande do Norte. A análise se baseou no cálculo do Poder Calorífico Útil de cada uma das biomassas analisadas e nos preços das respectivas toneladas
PERSPECTIVAS PARA A PARTICIPAÇÃO DO BRASIL NO MERCADO INTERNACIONAL DE PELLETS
Authors: Tavares Silvio Roberto de Lucena , Tavares Marília Amaral de Moura Estevão 
Published: October 2015

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o mercado brasileiro para produção e exportação de pellets, um biocombustível sólido, produzido através da compactação e adensamento de biomassa vegetal. O mercado para esse produto surgiu a partir da crise do petróleo em 1973 e da decisão dos países europeus de reduzirem o consumo de combustíveis fósseis, sob o argumento de que suas emissões contribuiriam para o agravamento do Efeito Estufa. Desde a Conferência de Estocolmo, realizada em 1972, que países da Comunidade Europeia perseguem a meta de reduzirem em até 20% suas emissões em 2020. Dentre as alternativas para alcançar esta meta está o uso crescente da biomassa como fonte de energia térmica e elétrica, em especial de biocombustíveis adensados de madeira, conhecidos por pellets. Apesar da força e tradição da indústria madeireira, os países do norte europeus, maiores consumidores de pellets, não estão conseguindo mais suprir as próprias demandas, o que vem abrindo o comércio internacional do produto a países de dentro e de fora do bloco, como os EUA e o Canadá. Através do modelo de Heckscher-Ohlin pretende-se demonstrar que, dotado de vantagens comparativas importantes em relação aos demais países produtores, estudos recentes mostram que o Brasil tem condições de participar desse comércio, alavancando suas exportações no setor madeireiro, do qual já é considerado player mundial. Para isso, no entanto, tem que superar as dificuldades provocadas pela falta de uma política de incentivo à produção de energia renovável, além de gargalos de logística que encarecem os pellets nacionais, deixando-os menos competitivos.