bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting met mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Sylvester Paul W 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMesenchymal epithelial transition factor receptor (Met) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays a critical role in promoting cancer cell malignant progression. Met is activated by its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). HGF‐dependent Met activation plays an important role in stimulating epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, resulting in increased tumor cell proliferation, survival, motility, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. The HGF/Met axis has thus attracted great interest as a potential target in the development of novel cancer therapies. In an effort to suppress tumor cell malignant progression, efforts have been made to develop agents capable of inhibiting inhibit Met‐induced EMT, including specific Met tyrosine kinase inhibitors, HGF antagonists that interfere with HGF binding to Met, and antibodies that prevent Met activation and/or dimerization. Tocotrienols, a subgroup within the vitamin E family of compounds, display potent anticancer activity that results, at least in part, from inhibition of HGF‐dependent Met activation and signaling. The present review will provide a brief summary of the increasing importance of the HGF/Met axis as an attractive target for cancer chemotherapy and the role of tocotrienols in suppressing Met activation, signaling and HGF‐induced EMT in breast cancer cells. Evidence provided suggests that γ‐tocotrienol therapy may afford significant benefit in the treatment of breast cancers characterized by Met dysregulation.
Anionic Amidinourea–Metal(II) Tautomers: MN2O2 or MN4?
Authors: Hatanaka Masashi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Structures of amidinourea–metal complexes have been obscured by subtle tautomerism and crystal waters. To clarify the most stable form of the tautomers, bis(amidinourea)copper(II) anhydride and the alkyl derivatives were synthesized under basic conditions, and the stability of the CuN2O2 chromophore was suggested. From substituent effects of chelations, UV–vis spectra, IR/Raman spectra, and DFT calculations, it was suggested that the bis(amidinourea)copper(II) has a CuN2O2 chromophore, not CuN4 chromophore. The mutual exclusion rule of IR/Raman spectra supported the trans-CuN2O2 chromophore. Systematic calculations on bis(amidinourea)–Cu(II), –Ni(II), –Pd(II), –Zn(II), and –Cd(II) chelates revealed that the robust stability of CuN2O2 chromophores originates from quasi aromaticity in the six-membered chelate rings. cis- or trans-CuN4 stability reported in the early references is suspicious.
Synthesis and Properties of Sulfonated and Brominated Poly(arylene ether)s as Proton Conductive Membranes
Authors: Hoshi Takayuki , Miyake Junpei , Watanabe Masahiro , Miyatake Kenji 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A novel series of poly(arylene ether sulfone ketone) multiblock copolymers containing sulfonic acid and bromine groups in the hydrophilic blocks were synthesized and characterized. The copolymers were high molecular weight (Mn = 21–98 kDa, Mw = 234–357 kDa) and provided bendable and transparent membranes by solution casting. The bromine groups caused slight decrease in the proton conductivity at low humidity, however, were effective in improving the mechanical properties as confirmed by dynamic mechanical analyses and tensile tests.
Puzzle—Logic Grid Puzzles
Authors: Chlond Martin J. 
Published: September 2014

A type of logic-based puzzle, now referred to as a logic grid puzzle, began to appear in magazines sometime in the nineteen-eighties. In these puzzles the solver is provided with sets of attributes with an equal number of members in each set. The goal is to figure out which attributes are linked together based on a series of given clues. The attributes in each set are used once and only once and each puzzle has a unique solution which can be found using simple logic. A specific example of this type of puzzle is modeled and solved using integer programming and the lessons learned are used produce a set of generic rules that may be applied in solving a wide range of these puzzles.
Macroeconomic Volatilities and Long-Run Risks of Asset Prices
Authors: Zhou Guofu , Zhu Yingzi 
Published: September 2014

In this paper, motivated by existing and growing evidence on multiple macroeconomic volatilities, we extend the long-run risks model by allowing both a long- and a short-run volatility components in the evolution of economic fundamentals. With this extension, the new model not only is consistent with the volatility literature that the stock market is driven by two, rather than one, volatility factors, but also provides significant improvements in fitting various patterns, such as the size of market risk premium, the level of interest rate, degree of dividend yield predictability, and the term structure of variance risk premiums, of both the equity and option data.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1962.This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
Buttonory (who remembers Jackanory?)
Authors: Francis Pat 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Reporting on a series of workshops for students and with teachers undertaking professional development, this article shows how one little button can have many potential uses in teaching, particularly for understanding research strategies and writing practice. Referencing a story created around a specific button, the intention is that ideas are raised, which the reader can then interpret and transform into their own areas of practice.
Peacebuilding in Timor-Leste: United Nations missions and the post-intervention context
Authors: Freire Maria Raquel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article looks at the process of intervention that took place in Timor-Leste particularly after the 1999 popular consultation where the majority of the voting was in favour of independence from Indonesian rule. Since then, the United Nations (UN) presence in Timor-Leste assumed different configurations, from the transitional administration to elections monitoring, including the use of force to contain violence. In the process of peace consolidation, the role of international interventionism was to assist the country in developing institutions and setting up processes for promoting good governance, aiming at stability-building. This article looks at the context where interventionism took place, particularly looking at the UN role until the end of the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) mandate in December 2012, seeking to shed light on the UN’s contribution to peace. The article argues the UN’s approach to peace has been mainly an institutional one, and that the challenges remaining and/or arising in the post-interventionist context are many regarding the consolidation of the state, both internally (structural approach to peace) and externally (projection of stability at the regional and international levels). Despite the remaining challenges, the article concludes with a positive assessment of the course of Timorese peace consolidation, and that the active foreign policy of Timor-Leste might constitute a building block in its internal consolidation process.
Rethinking regulation: What governance is all about
Authors: Bora Alfons 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The term ‘governance’, in the social sciences as well as in political practice, has emerged as a result of a crisis of interventionist thinking. Post-interventionist theories and concepts of pluralist societies had raised questions that the idea of governance promised to answer by replacing more rigid concepts of social steering by new ideas of cooperation, negotiation, coproduction, hybrid communication, self-regulation, network, etc. It is not so much this often-criticized blurriness of the semantics of governance that provokes questions again, but rather the specific amalgamation of social theory and practice connected to governance. As an effect of this amalgamation, the ‘social-scientification’ of sovereignty and control tends to produce two contradictory effects. Besides the traditional guarantee of freedom, usually connected with a strong rule of law, a very far-reaching pressure and demand of cooperation and participation are becoming powerful, closely guarded under the surface of the brave new world of governance. Against this background, the recollection of the functional nucleus of governance is suggested with the term ‘regulation’ and with a particular emphasis on certain delegalizing effects of governance. The intention of this proposal is neither to dismiss the perspective of governance in toto, nor to revert to interventionist concepts, but rather to set the stage for a dispassionate and detached analysis of law and politics.
The deep roots of the Carnation Revolution: 150 years of military interventionism in Portugal
Authors: Osuna José Javier Olivas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The military coup on 25 April 1974 initiated the Carnation Revolution that put an end to the New State, the longest-lasting authoritarian regime in twentieth-century Europe. There are several alternative explanations about what caused such a process of regime substitution in Portugal. This article focuses on one of them: military discontent and participation in politics. It analyses the history of civil-military relations from the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars until the demise of the New State. It shows that the attitude of the military in 1974 was not merely conjunctural and that the tendency to intervene in politics was entrenched in the armed forces since the fall of the ancien régime. Although the nature and intensity of its participation in state affairs evolved throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the Portuguese military never completely accepted civilian supremacy. Military interventionism was nurtured by political polarization, institutional weakness, and disagreements over foreign policy, the use of the armed forces against internal enemies and the deficient equipment and preparation of the troops. Periods of active involvement in politics alternated with others in which interventionism remained latent.
Reviews
Authors: Macqueen Norrie , Santos Paula Borges , Casanova José Luís 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
O Império Colonial em Questão (Sécs. Xix–Xx): Poderes, Saberes e Instituições/The Colonial Empire in Question (Nineteenth-Twentieth Centuries): Power, Knowledge and Institutions, Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo (ed.) (2012) Lisbon: Edições 70, 600 pp., ISBN: 9789724417233, Paperback, €19.80
A Concordata de Salazar/Salazar’s Concordat, Rita Almeida de Carvalho (2013) Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores and Temas e Debates, 642 pp., ISBN: 9789896442132, Paperback, €17.90
Parceiros em Rede: Estratégias Territorializadas para o Desenvolvimento Local nas Áreas do Emprego e Formação/Network Partners: Territorialized Strategies for Local Development in Employment and Training, João Emílio Alves (2012) Oporto: Fronteira do Caos, 250 pp., ISBN: 9789898070975, Paperback, €14.30
Photography and the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA
Authors: Cuevas Jose , Heglar Laurence E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The development of X-ray diffraction photography was central to the discovery of the helical structure of DNA in 1953. Unfortunately the story of how this technique was developed receded into the background as subsequent attention focused on the moment of discovery by Watson and Crick. As a result the importance of photography as ‘data’ and the role it plays in scientific discovery is underplayed. We seek to rectify this situation by presenting this story and by drawing conclusions about the importance of this form of photography in scientific investigation as well as for the insights it gives us regarding the process of discovery.
The photographic image: The Face of Sydney and August Sander’s typologies
Authors: Lechte John 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Taking the Face of Sydney – which is a digital composite image – as its point of departure this article begins an investigation into the relation between August Sander’s Weimar facial typologies and the digital Face of Sydney. This leads on to a reflection on the nature of the photographic image in relation to knowledge, technology and time. The conclusion proposed is that the photographic image has to be understood as an entity that is quite distinct from the forms of technicity that allow it to appear. Indeed, in following Roland Barthes, I argue that the photographic image, like the image in general, is uncoded and thus unnamed. The question raised in light of this is: what is the nature of the human in the context of such an approach to the image?
EUROPA: Herausforderungen an die Evangelische Kirche
Authors: Gaertner Joachim 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Joachim Gaertner discusses the tasks of the churches in the making of Europe. He outlines that the implementation and operation of common policies within the European Community will force the churches to Iook for common border-crossing Standpoints on socio-ethical and political issues. The task of forging common positions will certainly be difficult and at times even impossible. Nevertheless the churches must try to tackle this problem. According to Gaertner this requires an instrument of coordination which is authorized and qualified for joint action and is entitled to speak on behalf of the individual churches.
Traditionsbewahrung in der sozialistischen Provinz
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Friedrich Wilhelm Graf attends to questions of the role and function of theology and churches in the former DDR. Current and short-winded theological-political paradigms are in his opinion too little useful to reflect upon and clear up the meanwhile historical period of»Kirche im Sozialismus«. Graf discusses the remarkable affirmation of streams of theology towards socialism. Dealing with this topic from an historical point of view begins in the early nineteeth century, precicely: in the attitude of social-romantic anticapitalism. This view pointsout a surprising line of continuity, which Ieads to the theological approval of socialism in the former DDR-churches.
Für eine Wende in der Drogenpolitik
Authors: Ringeling Hermann 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Two methods of dealing with the addiction to narcotics are being examined: the restrictive as well as the permissive approach. The former aims to set up a society which is totally free from drugs, while the latter is in favour of a more liberal solution. The restrictive approach appears to have failed, but the more sensible attitude towards these problems is rapidly gaining ground.
Subsidiarität und Zivilgesellschaft
Authors: Ettwig Sylvia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
»Civil society« with its main elements of »social democratic citizenship« and subsidiarity is an analytical approach to the present situation of democracys and offers an perspective to surrender the democratic deficit and the crisis of the welfare state in the Member states of the European Union. The concept of »Civil society« bases on an active citizenship and give intermediary civil actors, especially the charitable social welfare associations and democratic movements, the chance to reflect on their position to the govemment on the one side and to the citizen on the other side in order to take account of the citizen' s civil, political and social rights
Das Mandat der ökumenischen Diakonie zwischen Gerechtigkeit und Versöhnung
Authors: Raiser Konrad 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author casts a retrospective glance at the stations of the fifty years old discussion about the mandate of ecumenical deacony. Today two basic conceptions are marked off: the conception of a prophetic deacony, informed by the leading notion of »justice« on one side, and the conception of a caritative deacony, informed by the leading notion of »reconciliation« on the other. The author discusses the tention between these concepts in their theological foundations and takes a look at the significance of these concepts in situations characterized by »complex emergencies«. Therefore he explores criterions and standards, on which the mandate of ecumenical deacony could be orientated for the future
Mittelverknappung im Gesundheitswesen
Authors: Strohm Theodor 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The author examines the reasons of the rising expenditures in the Public-Health-System. He pointsout the different ways and strategies for solving this problern and tests out criterions for the radius and realistic capacity of solidarity and responsibility in an ethical perspective: Solidarity is not only a single matter of those, who are depending on solidarity of the society
Social Networks and Empire: Senegalese Students in France in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Bryant Kelly Duke 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A la fin du XIXe siècle, presque deux cents enfants du Sénégal ont reçu des bourses métropolitaines, qui les ont permis de suivre les cours dans un lycée ou un collège de France, de la Tunisie, ou de l’Algérie. Leurs parents ont dû choisir un correspondant qui habitait près de l’école. Le correspondant devait assurer le paiement des frais de l’école, subvenir aux besoins de l’élève, et surveiller des sorties occasionnelles. Cet article examine les relations entre les correspondants et les boursiers sénégalais, et les réseaux transatlantiques qu’elles ont produits. Il se concentre surtout sur l’histoire d’un boursier qui s’appelait Durand Armstrong, dont le père était en communication fréquent avec son correspondant. L’article prétend que les relations entre boursiers et correspondants ont compliqué les fractures sociales de la colonie. Ces élèves étaient donc des intermédiaires, qui, grâce à leurs réseaux, leur éducation, et leur mobilité, ont pu remettre en cause les catégories sociales coloniales.
Belgium, the Congo, and Imperial Immobility: A Singular Empire and the Historiography of the Single Analytic Field
Authors: Stanard Matthew G. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A la suite de sa parution en 1997, la collection Tensions of Empire: Colonial Cultures in a Bourgeois World, publiée sous la direction de Frederick Cooper et Ann Laura Stoler, a eu une influence croissante et justifiée. En conséquence, les historiens des empires européens considèrent de plus en plus les pays colonisateurs et leurs colonies du point de vue d’un “single analytic field” ou “champ analytique commun.” Cette tendance représente un véritable tournant historiographique. Toutefois, ce virage historiographique important est problématique dans la mesure où il exclut toute tentative de maintenir la métropole et la colonie comme véritables objets de recherche. Le cas des relations entre la Belgique et le Congo belge pendant l’époque coloniale met en évidence la nécessité d’utiliser ce champ analytique commun avec prudence du fait des distances existant entre métropole et colonie. Les autorités coloniales belges ont imposé avec beaucoup de succès des contrôles sur la circulation des personnes et des idées dans le contexte colonial. En analysant le cas de la Belgique et de sa colonie, cet article démontre la nécessité de prêter attention aux situations nuancées qui caractérisent l’histoire des empires européens.
L’ordre public: Sully Brunet et les contradictions de la justice et de la politique dans l’Affaire Furcy (Ile Bourbon, 1817–1818)
Authors: Boutier Jérémy 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Furcy controversy shook Ile Bourbon (La Réunion) in 1817. An alleged slave named Furcy contested his supposed legal condition of servitude and was defended by the colonial government’s attorney general and seconded by an obscure Creole attorney, Sully Brunet, even though most of the island’s free residents opposed the case. How did Brunet recognize the judicial irregularities in Furcy’s trial? What were his relations with his superiors? What was Brunet’s role in this affair? This painful episode in the history of La Réunion raises many questions and left a deep impression on Sully Brunet. This case reveals the particular interpretation of civil authority in the context of slavery. It also had serious consequences for the island. The colony tried to adapt to the incessant changes in legislation and sought to regain stability lost after the British captured the island in 1810. The role of Sully Brunet in this case reveals much about the colonial judicial system, the struggles for political influence, and the divisions between Creole and European-born residents in the context of the institution of slavery. Sully Brunet, a willing participant and an unfortunate hero, deserves serious attention.
Commemoration Controversy: The Harpers Ferry Raid Centennial as a Challenge to Dominant Public Memories of the U.S. Civil War
Authors: Kretsinger-Harries Anne C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This essay examines the 1959 controversy over whether and how to commemorate the centennial of abolitionist John Brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry. I argue that the controversy arose because commemorating Brown’s raid challenged prominent U.S. public memories of the Civil War that excluded slavery and the continued existence of white supremacy. I analyze the discursive fields into which the centennial commemoration entered: the heroic, patriotic, and unifying narratives of the war championed by the national organizations tasked with commemorating the Civil War centennial, and discourses of the civil rights movement and the black press that demanded a repudiation of white supremacy and the recognition of African Americans as equal citizens. Ultimately, I contend that the rhetoric that surrounded the Harpers Ferry raid commemoration sheds light on how the civil rights movement not only challenged white supremacy in its conservative form, but also pushed against the moderate and liberal manifestations of white supremacy that were embedded in the commemoration of the Harpers Ferry raid.
Lokale Stabilitätsanalyse von Takagi-Sugeno Systemen unter Berücksichtigung ihres Gültigkeitsbereichs
Authors: Diepold Klaus J. , Albert Klaus 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Bei Stabilitätsanalysen von Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) Modellen wird zumeist deren lokale Gültigkeit vernachlässigt, wodurch eine
unmittelbare Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf das nichtlineare Originalsystem im Allgemeinen nicht möglich ist. In diesem Beitrag
wird ein Vorgehen gezeigt, wie für (affine) T-S Modelle ein möglichst großer Einzugsbereich abgeschätzt werden kann, der
auch für das nichtlineare Originalsystem gültig ist. In einem ersten Schritt findet eine optimierte Abschätzung des
Einzugsbereichs unter Berücksichtigung des Gültigkeitsbereichs des T-S Modells statt. Anschließend wird das aufgefundene
Einzugsgebiet iterativ über den Gültigkeitsbereich des T-S Modells hinaus vergrößert. Simulationsbeispiele zeigen den
Mehrwert der Methode.
Teilüberwachtes Lernen von emblematischen Gesten
Authors: Al-Behadili Husam , Wöhler Christian , Grumpe Arne 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine Methode zum teilüberwachten Lernen von dreidimensionalen emblematischen Gesten. Ausgehend vom überwachten Lernen mit einem kleinen, von wenigen Personen stammenden Datensatz wird der Lerndatensatz unter Anwendung eines teilüberwachten Lernansatzes vollautomatisch erweitert. Mehrere Kriterien für die Akzeptanz bzw. Rückweisung eines vom Klassifikator erzeugten Klassenlabels werden vorgeschlagen. Die experimentelle Evaluation zeigt, dass die mit dem dargestellten teilüberwachten Lernansatz erzielte Fehlerrate nur unwesentlich über derjenigen liegt, die sich bei Verwendung aller manuell gesetzten Klassenlabel ergeben würde.