bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage yields and nutritive values of oat and triticale pastures for grazing sheep in early spring
Authors: Hanoğlu Oral Hülya 
Published: August 2024

Background
Small-grain winter cereals can be utilized as early spring pastures in temperate climates to relieve grazing pressure and potentially mitigate feed shortages. This study was conducted to determine the effects of triticale and oat cereal pastures grazed by sheep during early spring on forage yields, nutritive values, and nutritional requirements of sheep.

Methods
The research was carried out over three consecutive years, from 2015 to 2017, at the Sheep Research Institute in Bandırma-Balıkesir, located in the Marmara region of Türkiye. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized block design, with the two forage species, triticale and oat, randomized within each of three blocks. The animal material for the study consisted of 24 Karacabey Merino sheep, each 2 years old, with an average live weight of 57.6 ± 0.5 kg, all in the late lactation stage. In each replication, four sheep were included, resulting in a total of 12 sheep grazing in each of the triticale and oat pastures. The sheep grazed exclusively on the cereal pastures without any additional feed, and had unrestricted access to water throughout the entire period of the experiment. The dry matter yields (DMY), dry matter intakes (DMI), nutritive values, and mineral contents of the cereal species were determined.

Results
The DMY showed significant differences over the years (P < 0.05). No differences in DMY were observed between pastures, with oats yielding 11.99 t ha−1 and triticale yielding 11.08 t ha−1. During the grazing period, the change in DMY was significant in all years (P < 0.05). The average DMI of the sheep was 2,003.5 g d−1 for triticale and 2,156.6 g d−1 for oat, respectively, and DMI exhibited no significant differences across pastures. Although there was no difference in DMI between 2015 and 2016, the lowest consumption occurred in 2017 (P < 0.05). Additionally, while DMI showed different trends each year based on the periods, it generally decreased by the end of the grazing period. While both pastures provided similar nutritive values, significant differences were observed in the crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), in vitro true DM digestibility (DDM), and metabolisable energy (ME) values across the years. Over the years, as the grazing period progressed, CP levels decreased while neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ADF, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) increased, resulting in reduced DDM and ME values. The phosphorus (P) content in triticale was higher than in oats, but there were no differences in the content of other minerals between them. Between the years, significant differences were observed in the levels of phosphorus (P) and iron (Fe), while changes in other elements were insignificant. The variation in mineral content during the grazing process differed over the three years. Study results indicated that the nutritional values of triticale and oat pastures are similar, and both can effectively be used to provide sufficient feed to meet the early spring forage requirements for sheep.
Investigating the Impact of Copper Sulfate on the In vitro Propagation of Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.)
Authors: Polwaththa K.P.G.D.M. , Amarasinghe A.A.Y. 
Published: August 2024

Aims: Anthurium (Anthurium andraeanum Lind.) is a valued ornamental plant, but efficient mass propagation methods are lacking. This study investigated the impact of copper sulfate (CuSO4) on its in vitro propagation efficiency.
Study Design: Complete Randomized Design (CRD).
Place and Duration of Study: Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, between November 2023 and June 2024.
Methodology: Callus induction and shoot regeneration were assessed using various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Benzyladenine (BA), and CuSO4. Callus induction from sterilized leaf explants and callus proliferation were conducted using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with concentrations of 2,4-D, BA, and CuSO4 in the dark. Shoot regeneration from the calli was performed on a modified MS medium with different concentrations of growth regulators and CuSO4 under light. Regenerated shoots were then transferred to a medium enriched with CuSO4 for rooting, and the survival rate of the acclimatized plants was assessed.
Results: The results show CuSO4 significantly enhanced callus induction and shoot regeneration rates. The optimal medium for callus induction consisted of MS medium with 0.3 mg/L 2,4-D, 1.0 mg/L BA, and 5.0 mg/L CuSO4, leading to rapid induction (46 days) and a high induction percentage (86.67%) of calli. For shoot regeneration, the most effective medium contained 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.75 mg/L BA, and 5.0 mg/L CuSO4, showing superior regeneration efficiency in total shoot number and average shoot length. The success of root initiation and acclimatization improved notably in plants derived from CuSO4 treated media, with a survival rate of 92%.
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant role of CuSO4 in enhancing the in vitro propagation of Anthurium andraeanum Lind., with optimal callus induction and shoot regeneration observed at specific concentrations. The inclusion of CuSO4 led to rapid callus formation, superior shoot regeneration, and a high survival rate during acclimatization.
Determinants of Pesticides Choice in Market Gardening in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas of the Cities of Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso
Authors: Marcel Kara N. , P.K. Gomgnimbou Alain , Abdramane Sanon , K. Gomgnimbou Michel , W. Ouedraogo Osée , Ibrahim Sangare 
Published: August 2024

In Burkina Faso, population growth and accelerated urbanization are accompanied by an increase in agricultural production, in order to meet the growing demand for food, especially vegetables. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the use of pesticides in market gardening in urban and peri-urban areas of Burkina Faso. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 among 393 farmers, selected by proportional stratified random sampling in the two communes of Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou. The average age of the surveyed population was 44.43 years. Of the total sample, 65.9% were male, and the average cultivated area was 0.28 hectares. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that influence the use of pesticide. The results show that the experience of discomfort following pesticide application, the occurrence of accidents during pesticide use, and the perception of the dangerousness of pesticides to human health and the environment are variables that exert a significant and positive influence on pesticide use. Furthermore, a greater willingness to accept effective alternatives has been found to reduce the probability of using pesticides by 97.3%, with a statistically significant coefficient and a very low p-value (0.000). Moreover, each increase in annual income is associated with a reduction in the probability of not using chemical pesticides by 0.1%, with a statistically significant coefficient and a very low p-value (0.000). In the context of the search for rational use of pesticides, it is necessary to characterize the cropping systems in the urban and peri-urban market gardening sites of Bobo Dioulasso and Ouagadougou.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Fruits and Vegetables from Local Markets of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Palani Kalpana , Srinivasan Akila , Shankar M. , Murugaiyan Sinduja , Velusamy Sathya , Kalimuthupandian S. , Ramasubramaniyan M. R. 
Published: August 2024

Certain areas of Chennai such as red hills, Minjur, T. Nagar, Thiruvanmyur, Ambattur have been found to be particularly susceptible to high pollution levels due to severe traffic congestions, the ignition of coal, cement industries, State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu Limited (SIPCOT) and other chemical industries etc., which pose threat to the environment. The population besides these industries areas also increasing due to the employment opportunities and other activities. Considering the persistent nature, cumulative behaviour, and probability toxicity of the heavy metals from these industries, it can enter the food chain linking the plant system to the soil (fruits & vegetables) and transformed to human body. The heavy metals, Chromium, Cadmium, Nickel and Lead, when exceed their permissible limit (≤0.05 ppm), it causes metabolic malfunctions to human beings. At this at the background, a study was attempted on the levels of metal deposits from industries in the fruits and vegetables from the surrounding local markets in the designated locations. Although there have been numerous research studies conducted worldwide on the subject, this is the first of its kind study in Chennai district. Vegetable and fruit samples collected from the local markets near the industrial zones and in congested areas were analysed and compared for the levels against the global safety standards to ensure that fruits and vegetables can be consumed without the risk of heavy metal contamination. The study's findings demonstrated that all of the fruits and vegetables from the local markets in the study had levels of contaminants below detectable thresholds (0.05 ppm) and within WHO allowed limits (Cd- 0.2ppm, Pb - 0.3 ppm, Ni - 67.9 ppm, Cr- 0.00 ppm). This indicates there may be no possible health concerns linked to the concentrations of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables from the markets near the highly polluted industrial zones or in the areas with severe traffic congestion.
Fractal degassing from Erebus and Mayon volcanoes revealed by a new method to monitor H2O emission cycles
Authors: Girona Társilo , Costa Fidel , Taisne Benoit , Aggangan Brian , Ildefonso Sorvigenaleon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany active volcanoes around the world release passively large amounts of gas between eruptions. Monitoring how these gas emissions fluctuate over time is crucial to infer the physical processes occurring within volcanic conduits and reservoirs. Here we report a new method to capture remotely the spectral properties of the emissions of H2O, the major component of most volcanic plumes. The method is based on a new theoretical model that correlates the volcanogenic water content of condensed volcanic plumes with the intensity of the light scattered by the droplets moving with the gas. In turn, we show that light intensity of the plume, and thus steam pulses time series, can be obtained with a proper analysis of digital images. The model is experimentally validated by generating condensed plumes with an ultrasonic humidifier, and then the method is applied to the gas plumes of Erebus and Mayon volcanoes. Our analysis reveals three main features: (1) H2O time series are composed of numerous periodic components of finite duration; (2) some periodic components are common in H2O and SO2 time series, but others are not; and (3) the frequency spectra of the H2O emissions follow a well‐defined fractal distribution, that is, amplitude (Δ) and frequency (ν) are correlated by means of power laws (Δ ∝ νγ), with exponent γ ≈ − 1 for Erebus and for Mayon. These findings suggest that quiescent degassing emerges from the complex coupling between different processes occurring within magma plumbing systems. Our method is ideal for real‐time monitoring of high‐frequency H2O cycles at active volcanoes.
Added value of regional climate modeling over areas characterized by complex terrain—Precipitation over the Alps
Authors: Torma Csaba , Giorgi Filippo , Coppola Erika 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present an analysis of the added value (AV) of downscaling via regional climate model (RCM) nesting with respect to the driving global climate models (GCMs). We analyze ensembles of driving GCM and nested RCM (two resolutions, 0.44° and 0.11°) simulations for the late 20th and late 21st centuries from the CMIP5, EURO‐CORDEX, and MED‐CORDEX experiments, with a focus on the Alpine region. Different metrics of AV are investigated, measuring aspects of precipitation where substantial AV can be expected in mountainous terrains: spatial pattern of mean precipitation, daily precipitation intensity distribution, and daily precipitation extremes tails. Comparison with a high‐quality, fine‐scale (5 km) gridded observational data set shows substantial AV of RCM downscaling for all metrics selected, and results are mostly improved compared to the driving GCMs also when the RCM fields are upscaled at the scale of the GCM resolution. We also find consistent improvements in the high‐resolution (0.11°) versus medium‐resolution (0.44°) RCM simulations. Finally, we find that the RCM downscaling substantially modulates the GCM‐produced precipitation change signal in future climate projections, particularly in terms of fine‐scale spatial pattern associated with the complex topography of the region. Our results thus point to the important role that high‐resolution nested RCMs can play in the study of climate change over areas characterized by complex topographical features.
The influence of hydrogen on the seismic properties of solid iron
Authors: Caracas Razvan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe estimate the implications of having hydrogen dissolved in the solid core from a mineral physics perspective. Based on first‐principles calculations, we observe that hydrogen has a strong effect on decreasing the density of the hexagonal close‐packed structure of Fe. The structural effect is weakly dependent on the ordering pattern of the hydrogen defects. However, hydrogen also increases the elastic moduli of Fe at core pressures. Both the compressional and the shear wave velocities increase with addition even of small amounts of hydrogen, the increase of shear going against the geophysical requirements for light elements. This aspect makes hydrogen an undesirable light element in the Earth's core if we try to match the seismological observations.
Airborne measurements of the atmospheric emissions from a fuel ethanol refinery
Authors: de Gouw J. A. , McKeen S. A. , Aikin K. C. , Brock C. A. , Brown S. S. , Gilman J. B. , Graus M. , Hanisco T. , Holloway J. S. , Kaiser J. , Keutsch F. N. , Lerner B. M. , Liao J. , Markovic M. Z. , Middlebrook A. M. , Min K.‐E. , Neuman J. A. , Nowak J. B. , Peischl J. , Pollack I. B. , Roberts J. M. , Ryerson T. B. , Trainer M. , Veres P. R. , Warneke C. , Welti A. , Wolfe G. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEthanol made from corn now constitutes approximately 10% of the fuel used in gasoline vehicles in the U.S. The ethanol is produced in over 200 fuel ethanol refineries across the nation. We report airborne measurements downwind from Decatur, Illinois, where the third largest fuel ethanol refinery in the U.S. is located. Estimated emissions are compared with the total point source emissions in Decatur according to the 2011 National Emissions Inventory (NEI‐2011), in which the fuel ethanol refinery represents 68.0% of sulfur dioxide (SO2), 50.5% of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), 67.2% of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 95.9% of ethanol emissions. Emissions of SO2 and NOx from Decatur agreed with NEI‐2011, but emissions of several VOCs were underestimated by factors of 5 (total VOCs) to 30 (ethanol). By combining the NEI‐2011 with fuel ethanol production numbers from the Renewable Fuels Association, we calculate emission intensities, defined as the emissions per ethanol mass produced. Emission intensities of SO2 and NOx are higher for plants that use coal as an energy source, including the refinery in Decatur. By comparing with fuel‐based emission factors, we find that fuel ethanol refineries have lower NOx, similar VOC, and higher SO2 emissions than from the use of this fuel in vehicles. The VOC emissions from refining could be higher than from vehicles, if the underestimated emissions in NEI‐2011 downwind from Decatur extend to other fuel ethanol refineries. Finally, chemical transformations of the emissions from Decatur were observed, including formation of new particles, nitric acid, peroxyacyl nitrates, aldehydes, ozone, and sulfate aerosol.
Frequency and causes of failed MODIS cloud property retrievals for liquid phase clouds over global oceans
Authors: Cho Hyoun‐Myoung , Zhang Zhibo , Meyer Kerry , Lebsock Matthew , Platnick Steven , Ackerman Andrew S. , Di Girolamo Larry , C.‐Labonnote Laurent , Cornet Céline , Riedi Jerome , Holz Robert E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) retrieves cloud droplet effective radius (re) and optical thickness (τ) by projecting observed cloud reflectances onto a precomputed look‐up table (LUT). When observations fall outside of the LUT, the retrieval is considered “failed” because no combination of τ and re within the LUT can explain the observed cloud reflectances. In this study, the frequency and potential causes of failed MODIS retrievals for marine liquid phase (MLP) clouds are analyzed based on 1 year of Aqua MODIS Collection 6 products and collocated CALIOP and CloudSat observations. The retrieval based on the 0.86 µm and 2.1 µm MODIS channel combination has an overall failure rate of about 16% (10% for the 0.86 µm and 3.7 µm combination). The failure rates are lower over stratocumulus regimes and higher over the broken trade wind cumulus regimes. The leading type of failure is the “re too large” failure accounting for 60%–85% of all failed retrievals. The rest is mostly due to the “re too small” or τ retrieval failures. Enhanced retrieval failure rates are found when MLP cloud pixels are partially cloudy or have high subpixel inhomogeneity, are located at special Sun‐satellite viewing geometries such as sunglint, large viewing or solar zenith angles, or cloudbow and glory angles, or are subject to cloud masking, cloud overlapping, and/or cloud phase retrieval issues. The majority (more than 84%) of failed retrievals along the CALIPSO track can be attributed to at least one or more of these potential reasons. The collocated CloudSat radar reflectivity observations reveal that the remaining failed retrievals are often precipitating. It remains an open question whether the extremely large re values observed in these clouds are the consequence of true cloud microphysics or still due to artifacts not included in this study.
Milk Price Cycles in the U.S. Dairy Supply Chain and Their Management Implications
Authors: Nicholson Charles F. , Stephenson Mark W. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe develop a structural time‐series model based on state‐space methods and including feed costs as an exogenous regressor to assess the nature of cyclical behavior of the quarterly U.S. all‐milk price during 1996 to 2014. Although deterministic trend and seasonal price movements are present, a stochastic large‐amplitude cycle with a period of 3.3 years is the predominant source of variation in the U.S. all‐milk price during the period analyzed. These cycles are consistent with the hypothesis that supply chain managers make decisions based on bounded rationality, with limited supply chain coordination. The presence of price cycles in the U.S. dairy industry has management implications for dairy farmers, dairy processors, exporters, and food retailers. Forecasting and analytical models of U.S. farm milk prices should be designed to account for cyclical farm milk price behavior.
“Rationally Local”: Consumer Participation in Alternative Food Chains
Authors: Cembalo Luigi , Lombardi Alessia , Pascucci Stefano , Dentoni Domenico , Migliore Giuseppina , Verneau Fabio , Schifani Giorgio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWhy are consumers increasingly participating in alternative food chains to co‐produce and distribute foods with farmers? In this paper, values and food‐related lifestyles, as well as transaction costs and socio‐demographics, are used to analyze consumer participation in alternative food chains in Italy. Using a simultaneous system of equations, a model with instrumental variables is implemented to measure the relationships between values and food‐related lifestyles, and between the latter and participation in an alternative food chain. Our results show that Italian participants in alternative food chains have the profile of rational shoppers who typically look at price and taste criteria. Although transaction costs do not affect participation directly, they do so through food‐related lifestyles.
Reversal strategies for vitamin K antagonists in acute intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Parry‐Jones Adrian R. , Di Napoli Mario , Goldstein Joshua N. , Schreuder Floris H. B. M. , Tetri Sami , Tatlisumak Turgut , Yan Bernard , van Nieuwenhuizen Koen M. , Dequatre‐Ponchelle Nelly , Lee‐Archer Matthew , Horstmann Solveig , Wilson Duncan , Pomero Fulvio , Masotti Luca , Lerpiniere Christine , Godoy Daniel Agustin , Cohen Abigail S. , Houben Rik , Al‐Shahi Salman Rustam , Pennati Paolo , Fenoglio Luigi , Werring David , Veltkamp Roland , Wood Edith , Dewey Helen M. , Cordonnier Charlotte , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Meligeni Fabrizio , Davis Stephen M. , Huhtakangas Juha , Staals Julie , Rosand Jonathan , Meretoja Atte 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThere is little evidence to guide treatment strategies for intracerebral hemorrhage on vitamin K antagonists (VKA‐ICH). Treatments utilized in clinical practice include fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). Our aim was to compare case fatality with different reversal strategies.MethodsWe pooled individual ICH patient data from 16 stroke registries in 9 countries (n = 10 282), of whom 1,797 (17%) were on VKA. After excluding 250 patients with international normalized ratio < 1.3 and/or missing data required for analysis, we compared all‐cause 30‐day case fatality using Cox regression.ResultsWe included 1,547 patients treated with FFP (n = 377, 24%), PCC (n = 585, 38%), both (n = 131, 9%), or neither (n = 454, 29%). The crude case fatality and adjusted hazard ratio (HR) were highest with no reversal (61.7%, HR = 2.540, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.784–3.616, p < 0.001), followed by FFP alone (45.6%, HR = 1.344, 95% CI = 0.934–1.934, p = 0.112), then PCC alone (37.3%, HR = 1.445, 95% CI = 1.014–2.058, p = 0.041), compared to reversal with both FFP and PCC (27.8%, reference). Outcomes with PCC versus FFP were similar (HR = 1.075, 95% CI = 0.874–1.323, p = 0.492); 4‐factor PCC (n = 441) was associated with higher case fatality compared to 3‐factor PCC (n = 144, HR = 1.441, 95% CI = 1.041–1.995, p = 0.027).InterpretationThe combination of FFP and PCC might be associated with the lowest case fatality in reversal of VKA‐ICH, and FFP may be equivalent to PCC. Randomized controlled trials with functional outcomes are needed to establish the most effective treatment. Ann Neurol 2015;78:54–62
Bridging the Two Worlds: A Universal Interface between Enzymatic and DNA Computing Systems
Authors: Mailloux Shay , Gerasimova Yulia V. , Guz Nataliia , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Katz Evgeny 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMolecular computing based on enzymes or nucleic acids has attracted a great deal of attention due to the perspectives of controlling living systems in the way we control electronic computers. Enzyme‐based computational systems can respond to a great variety of small molecule inputs. They have the advantage of signal amplification and highly specific recognition. DNA computing systems are most often controlled by oligonucleotide inputs/outputs and are capable of sophisticated computing as well as controlling gene expressions. Here, we developed an interface that enables communication of otherwise incompatible nucleic‐acid and enzyme‐computational systems. The enzymatic system processes small molecules as inputs and produces NADH as an output. The NADH output triggers electrochemical release of an oligonucleotide, which is accepted by a DNA computational system as an input. This interface is universal because the enzymatic and DNA computing systems are independent of each other in composition and complexity.