bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire type and hemisphere determine the effects of fire on the alpha and beta diversity of vertebrates: a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Pastro Louise A. , Dickman Christopher R. , Letnic Mike 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimWe conducted a quantitative meta‐analysis to investigate the responses of vertebrate diversity to fire, controlling for variables such as fire type, taxon and ecoregion to identify trends across studies and locations.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe calculated indices of the difference in species richness (alpha diversity) and species composition (beta diversity) between burnt and unburnt habitats from studies reporting the species richness and assemblage composition of amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. We used a hierarchical approach to investigate the effects of fire on alpha and beta diversity. We tested first for the main effect of fire before investigating the potential influence of fire type (wildfire/prescribed burn), taxon, ecoregion and geographical location (hemisphere/continent).ResultsOne hundred and four studies were evaluated: 56 studies on birds, 26 on mammals, 17 on reptiles and 5 on amphibians. The studies fell into 14 ecoregions, with the three most common being temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, temperate grasslands and savannas and shrublands, and temperate coniferous forest. The effect of fire on species richness and community assemblage composition was strongly influenced by fire type. Prescribed burns significantly increased alpha diversity, whereas wildfires had no overall effect. However, wildfire increased the alpha diversity of temperate coniferous birds in North America. The effects of fire on alpha diversity were stronger in the Northern than the Southern Hemisphere. Turnover in species assemblages (beta diversity) was influenced primarily by fire type. Species assemblages in burnt and unburnt habitats were more similar after prescribed burns and generated lower levels of beta diversity than did wildfires.Main conclusionsThe divergent effects of wildfires and prescribed fires on the alpha and beta diversity of vertebrates and the disparate responses of vertebrate diversity to fires in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere suggest that there is no general response of vertebrate diversity to fire. Our results provide little support for the patch mosaic burn theory or the intermediate disturbance hypothesis to predict post‐fire responses of vertebrate diversity.
A Flexible Format Interdisciplinary Treatment and Rehabilitation Program for Chronic Daily Headache: Patient Clinical Features, Resource Utilization and Outcomes
Authors: Barton Pamela M. , Schultz Geoffrey R. , Jarrell John F. , Becker Werner J. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the demographics, diagnoses, program duration, human resource utilization and outcomes of patients with chronic daily headache treated in an ambulatory, interdisciplinary, flexible format, treatment and rehabilitation program.BackgroundResearch indicates that multidisciplinary care is an effective approach to manage chronic daily headache, but little is known about the resources needed for effective care.MethodsThe study was a secondary data analysis within a cohort design of previously collected data. Patients completed questionnaires and outcome measures on admission and discharge. Diagnoses were extracted from patient charts by professional health records personnel. A central scheduling database provided patient‐specific clinician care hours by discipline and type (direct, indirect, group) as well as overall program duration.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen patients were studied (mean age , 80% female). Sixty‐two patients (52.5%) completed the program (“completers”). Migraine was the most common diagnosis. Thirty‐six percent of patients had medication overuse. Average pain, mood, disability, and quality of life were significantly improved in completers (P < .001). They utilized total hours of care delivered over a mean of 129.7 ± 66.1 weeks.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that ambulatory, interdisciplinary, flexible format, treatment and rehabilitation programs are effective in the treatment of chronic daily headache, and we provide data on the resources used by our program in the treatment and rehabilitation of these patients.
Locking Plate and Screw Fixation After Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Reduces Postoperative Infection Rate in Dogs Over 50 kg
Authors: Solano Miguel A. , Danielski Alan , Kovach Karla , Fitzpatrick Noel , Farrell Michael 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the influence of locking plate and screw implants on postoperative infection rate in dogs >50 kg undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs >50 kg (n = 208) that had TPLO.MethodsMedical records (January 2003–September 2011) were reviewed for dogs that had TPLO. Type of implant used (locking plate and screw fixation [LP] and dynamic compression plate and screw fixation [NLP]), use of postoperative antibiotics and presence of postoperative infection were recorded. Multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsForty dogs (21.3%) had clinical signs compatible with postoperative infection. A positive microbiology swab was available in 16/40 cases (40%). Administration of postoperative antibiotics was associated with a lower incidence of infection (P = .006) and the use of NLP was associated with a higher incidence of infection (P = .01).ConclusionsUse of LP construct and postoperative antibiotic therapy significantly decreased infection rate in dogs >50 kg that have TPLO.
Nanostructuring Effects in Piezoelectric BiScO3–PbTiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Amorín Harvey , Jiménez Ricardo , Deluca Marco , Ricote Jesús , Hungría Teresa , Castro Alicia , Algueró Miguel 
Published: May 2014

The apparent contradiction between the persistence of the polar state in morphotropic phase boundary BiScO3–PbTiO3 at the nanoscale, and the vanishing of the macroscopic ferroelectric switching and of the dielectric anomaly associated with the ferroelectric phase transition in nanostructured ceramics is solved. Raman spectroscopy results unambiguously demonstrate that the same polar phase exists in coarse grained and nanostructured materials. Soft modes were identified and followed upon heating, which allowed transition temperatures to be estimated. A shift of only 60°C was established as the size effect down to 24 nm average sized grains. Impedance spectroscopy was used to separate grain and boundary contributions to the total electrical response. Results clearly show grain boundaries to fully dominate this response in the case of nanostructured materials, which was responsible for the vanishing of the dielectric anomaly and for a large increase in the effective coercivity, the latter resulting in the loss of functionality. This was therefore a boundary effect, liable of being recovered by boundary tailoring. Indeed, macroscopic ferroelectricity was readily uncovered when grain‐boundary density was reduced by triggering grain growth.
Identification of the putative ancestral allele of bovine single‐nucleotide polymorphisms
Authors: Rocha D. , Billerey C. , Samson F. , Boichard D. , Boussaha M. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIdentifying the action of natural selection from patterns of standing genetic variation has long been of interest to the population genetic community. Thanks to the availability of large single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data sets for many species and of high‐throughput SNP genotyping methods, whole‐genomic surveys to detect selective sweeps are now possible. Knowing the ancestral allele increases the power to detect selection. We present here a comparative genomic approach to determine the putative ancestral allele of bovine SNPs deposited in public databases. We analysed 19 551 488 SNPs and identified the putative ancestral allele for 14 339 107 SNPs. Our predicted ancestral alleles were in agreement with ancestral alleles detected by genotyping outgroup species for 97% SNPs from the BovineSNP50 BeadChip. This comparison indicates that our comparative genomic‐based approach to identify putative ancestral alleles is reliable.
A modern pollen–climate calibration set from central‐western Mongolia and its application to a late glacial–Holocene record
Authors: Tian Fang , Herzschuh Ulrike , Telford Richard J. , Mischke Steffen , Van der Meeren Thijs , Krengel Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimFossil pollen spectra from lake sediments in central and western Mongolia have been used to interpret past climatic variations, but hitherto no suitable modern pollen–climate calibration set has been available to infer past climate changes quantitatively. We established such a modern pollen dataset and used it to develop a transfer function model that we applied to a fossil pollen record in order to investigate: (1) whether there was a significant moisture response to the Younger Dryas event in north‐western Mongolia; and (2) whether the early Holocene was characterized by dry or wet climatic conditions.LocationCentral and western Mongolia.MethodsWe analysed pollen data from surface sediments from 90 lakes. A transfer function for mean annual precipitation (Pann) was developed with weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA‐PLS) and applied to a fossil pollen record from Lake Bayan Nuur (49.98° N, 93.95° E, 932 m a.s.l.). Statistical approaches were used to investigate the modern pollen–climate relationships and assess model performance and reconstruction output.ResultsRedundancy analysis shows that the modern pollen spectra are characteristic of their respective vegetation types and local climate. Spatial autocorrelation and significance tests of environmental variables show that the WA‐PLS model for Pann is the most valid function for our dataset, and possesses the lowest root mean squared error of prediction.Main conclusionsPrecipitation is the most important predictor of pollen and vegetation distributions in our study area. Our quantitative climate reconstruction indicates a dry Younger Dryas, a relatively dry early Holocene, a wet mid‐Holocene and a dry late Holocene.
Predicting reading comprehension academic achievement in late adolescents with velo‐cardio‐facial (22q11.2 deletion) syndrome (VCFS): a longitudinal study
Authors: Antshel K. , Hier B. , Fremont W. , Faraone S. V. , Kates W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground The primary objective of the current study was to examine the childhood predictors of adolescent reading comprehension in velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (VCFS). Although much research has focused on mathematics skills among individuals with VCFS, no studies have examined predictors of reading comprehension.Methods 69 late adolescents with VCFS, 23 siblings of youth with VCFS and 30 community controls participated in a longitudinal research project and had repeat neuropsychological test batteries and psychiatric evaluations every 3 years. The Wechsler Individual Achievement Test – 2nd edition (WIAT‐II) Reading Comprehension subtest served as our primary outcome variable.Results Consistent with previous research, children and adolescents with VCFS had mean reading comprehension scores on the WIAT‐II, that were approximately two standard deviations below the mean and word reading scores approximately one standard deviation below the mean. A more novel finding is that relative to both control groups, individuals with VCFS demonstrated a longitudinal decline in reading comprehension abilities yet a slight increase in word reading abilities. In the combined control sample, WISC‐III FSIQ, WIAT‐II Word Reading, WISC‐III Vocabulary and CVLT‐C List A Trial 1 accounted for 75% of the variance in Time 3 WIAT‐II Reading Comprehension scores. In the VCFS sample, WISC‐III FSIQ, BASC‐Teacher Aggression, CVLT‐C Intrusions, Tower of London, Visual Span Backwards, WCST Non‐perseverative Errors, WIAT‐II Word Reading and WISC‐III Freedom from Distractibility index accounted for 85% of the variance in Time 3 WIAT‐II Reading Comprehension scores. A principal component analysis with promax rotation computed on the statistically significant Time 1 predictor variables in the VCFS sample resulted in three factors: Word reading decoding/Interference control, Self‐Control/Self‐Monitoring and Working Memory.Conclusions Childhood predictors of late adolescent reading comprehension in VCFS differ in some meaningful ways from predictors in the non‐VCFS population. These results offer some guidance for how best to consider intervention efforts to improve reading comprehension in the VCFS population.
Ionizing radiation causes increased tau phosphorylation in primary neurons
Authors: Li Li , Wang Wenzhang , Welford Scott , Zhang Teng , Wang Xinglong , Zhu Xiongwei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRadiotherapy is the major treatment modality for primary and metastatic brain tumors which involves the exposure of brain to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation can induce various detrimental pathophysiological effects in the adult brain, and Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders are considered to be late effects of radiation. In this study, we investigated whether ionizing radiation causes changes in tau phosphorylation in cultured primary neurons similar to that in Alzheimer's disease. We demonstrated that exposure to 0.5 or 2 Gy γ rays causes increased phosphorylation of tau protein at several phosphorylation sites in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Consistently, we also found ionizing radiation causes increased activation of GSK3β, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase before radiation‐induced increase in tau phosphorylation. Specific inhibitors of these kinases almost fully blocked radiation‐induced tau phosphorylation. Our studies further revealed that oxidative stress plays an important role in ionizing radiation‐induced tau phosphorylation, likely through the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, but not GSK3β. Overall, our studies suggest that ionizing radiation may cause increased risk for development of Alzheimer's disease by promoting abnormal tau phosphorylation.
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Alzheimer disease is considered as a significant radiation late effect. In this study, we investigated whether ionizing radiation causes changes in tau phosphorylation and found that γ rays cause increased tau phosphorylation at multiple sites in a dose and time‐dependent manner in primary neurons which are mediated by oxidative stress‐dependent activation of JNK and ERK. Oxidative stress‐independent activation of GSK3β is also involved. Overall, our studies suggest that ionizing radiation may cause increased risk for Alzheimer disease development by promoting abnormal tau phosphorylation.
Multifocal motor neuropathy with high titers of anti‐MAG antibodies
Authors: Bridel Claire , Horvath Judit , Kurian Mary , Truffert André , Steck Andreas , Lalive Patrice H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMultifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) and anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein (anti‐MAG)‐associated neuropathy are clinically and electrophysiologically distinct entities. We describe a patient with characteristic features of both neuropathies, raising the possibility of an overlap syndrome. A 49‐year‐old patient reported a history of slowly progressive predominantly distal tetraparesis, with mild sensory deficits. Nerve conduction studies demonstrated persistent motor conduction blocks outside compression sites, typical of MMN. Laboratory findings revealed persistently high titers of anti‐MAG immunoglobulin Mλ (IgMλ) paraprotein in the context of a monoclonal gammapathy of unknown significance. Skin biopsy of distal lower limb revealed IgM positive terminal nerve perineurium deposits. This case suggests that the distinction between subtypes of chronic inflammatory neuropathies may not be as clear as initially thought, and that the pattern of pathogenicity of anti‐MAG antibodies may vary.
Celebrating Organization Theory
Authors: Lounsbury Michael , Beckman Christine M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we respond to recent critiques about the state of organization theory that have characterized it as being anachronistic, overly theoretical, or lacking the right kind of theory. We argue that organization theory is extremely vibrant and highlight several areas where there are flourishing and generative developments – institutional logics, categorization, networks, performance feedback, and strategy‐as‐practice. We also note the growing internationalization of organization theory as exemplified in the shifting demography of the Organization and Management Theory division at the Academy of Management as well as at the European Group on Organization Studies. As engaged organization theory supporters and scholars, we additionally argue for a more balanced appreciation of not only the weaknesses in the field, but also its strengths, and urge a re‐engagement in more productive conversations about the important role of theory and theorizing.
Identification During Imposed Change: The Roles of Personal Values, Type of Change, and Anxiety
Authors: Sverdlik Noga , Oreg Shaul 
Published: May 2014

AbstractUsing a person‐situation perspective, we explain what happens to individuals' identification with a collective in the context of a change. We propose that given the anxiety that often emerges during change, individuals' personal values (conservation and openness to change) interact with type of change (imposed vs. voluntary) in predicting identification following change. In a pilot, longitudinal field study (N = 61, 67% female) of an imposed university campus relocation, we measured employees' values and identification with the university before and several months after the relocation. In two lab experiments (Study 1: N = 104, 91.3% female; Study 2: N = 113, 75.2% female), we manipulated a change to be either imposed or voluntary and compared the relationships between values and identification across types of change. In Study 2, we also measured anxiety from the change. When change was imposed (all three studies), but not when voluntary (Studies 1 and 2), individuals' conservation was positively, and openness negatively, related to individuals' post‐change identification. The effects emerged only for individuals who experienced change‐related anxiety (Study 2). Our findings demonstrate that individuals' identification with a changing collective depends on the amount of anxiety change elicits and on the particular combination of their values and type of change.
Vitamin C supplementation has no effect on American bullfrog's immune response
Authors: Knoop R. , Dias D. C. , França F. M. , Antonucci A. M. , Teixeira P. C. , Viau P. , Oliveira C. A. , Hipolito M. , Ferreira C. M. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAmerican bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) is the only species raised in Brazilian commercial frog farms, and the intensive culture of these animals has gained great popularity in Brazil over the past several years. Stress is one of the major obstacles in frog culture. To minimise this problem, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of added vitamin C in the diet of American bullfrogs as an antistress factor through the assessment of plasma corticosterone, leucocyte levels and macrophage activation in animals raised in confinement. The experimental design was entirely randomised, with six treatments (supplementation of 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 2000 mg of vitamin C/kg of feed) and four replications. The plasma corticosterone level, leucocyte level and macrophage activation were evaluated. It was concluded that vitamin C had no influence on the evaluated parameters due to the possible adaptation of the animals to life in captivity (domestication). The results of this research indicate that farmers should not increase the levels of vitamin C in commercial feeds because this would only enhance production costs.
Sleep‐related eye symptoms and their potential for identifying driver sleepiness
Authors: Filtness Ashleigh J. , Anund Anna , Fors Carina , Ahlström Christer , Åkerstedt Torbjørn , Kecklund Göran 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe majority of individuals appear to have insight into their own sleepiness, but there is some evidence that this does not hold true for all, for example treated patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Identification of sleep‐related symptoms may help drivers determine their sleepiness, eye symptoms in particular show promise. Sixteen participants completed four motorway drives on two separate occasions. Drives were completed during daytime and night‐time in both a driving simulator and on the real road. Ten eye symptoms were rated at the end of each drive, and compared with driving performance and subjective and objective sleep metrics recorded during driving. ‘Eye strain’, ‘difficulty focusing’, ‘heavy eyelids’ and ‘difficulty keeping the eyes open’ were identified as the four key sleep‐related eye symptoms. Drives resulting in these eye symptoms were more likely to have high subjective sleepiness and more line crossings than drives where similar eye discomfort was not reported. Furthermore, drivers having unintentional line crossings were likely to have ‘heavy eyelids’ and ‘difficulty keeping the eyes open’. Results suggest that drivers struggling to identify sleepiness could be assisted with the advice ‘stop driving if you feel sleepy and/or have heavy eyelids or difficulty keeping your eyes open’.
Predicting vulnerability to sleep deprivation using diffusion model parameters
Authors: Patanaik Amiya , Zagorodnov Vitali , Kwoh Chee Keong , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryWe used diffusion modelling to predict vulnerability to decline in psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) performance following a night of total sleep deprivation (SD). A total of 135 healthy young adults (69 women, age = 21.9 ± 1.7 years) participated in several within‐subject cross‐over design studies that incorporated the PVT. Participants were classified as vulnerable (lower tertile) or non‐vulnerable (upper tertile) according to their change in lapse rate [lapse = reaction time (RT) ≥ 500 ms] between the evening before (ESD) and the morning after SD. RT data were fitted using Ratcliff's diffusion model. Although both groups showed significant change in RT during SD, there was no significant group difference in RT during the ESD session. In contrast, during ESD, the mean diffusion drift of vulnerable subjects was significantly lower than for non‐vulnerable subjects. Mean drift and non‐decision times were both adversely affected by sleep deprivation. Both mean drift and non‐decision time showed significant state × vulnerability interaction. Diffusion modelling appears to have promise in predicting vulnerability to vigilance decline induced by a night of total sleep deprivation.