bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring glyoxalase 1 expression in prostate cancer tissues: Targeting the enzyme by ethyl pyruvate defangs some malignancy‐associated properties
Authors: Baunacke Martin , Horn Lars‐Christian , Trettner Susanne , Engel Kathrin M.Y. , Hemdan Nasr Y.A. , Wiechmann Volker , Stolzenburg Jens‐Uwe , Bigl Marina , Birkenmeier Gerd 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe glyoxalase (GLO)1 is part of a ubiquitous detoxification system in the glycolytic pathway of normal and tumor cells. It protects against cellular damage caused by cytotoxic metabolites.METHODSAiming at exploring the role of GLO1 in prostate cancer, we evaluated and targeted the expression of GLO1 in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines and analyzed its correlation with grading systems and tumor growth indices.RESULTSImmunohistochemical studies on 37 prostate cancer specimens revealed a positive correlation between Helpap‐grading and the cytoplasmic (P = 0.002)/nuclear (P = 0.006) GLO1 level. A positive correlation between Ki‐67 proliferation marker and the cytoplasmic GLO1 (P = 0.006) was evident. Furthermore, the highest GLO1 level was detected in the androgen‐sensitive LNCaP compared to the androgen‐independent Du‐145 and PC‐3 prostate cell lines and the breast cancer cell MCF‐7, both at protein and mRNA level. Treating cancer cells with ethyl pyruvate was found to defang some malignancy‐associated properties of cancer cells including proliferation, invasion and anchorage‐independent growth. In vitro results revealed that the potency of ethyl pyruvate is increased when cells are metabolically activated by growth stimulators, for example, by fetal calf serum, dihydrotestosterone, tumor growth factor‐β1 and leptin.CONCLUSIONSThe positive correlation of GLO1 expression level in prostate cancer tissues with the pathological grade and proliferation rate may assign GLO1 as a risk factor for prostate cancer development and progression. Furthermore, our data indicate that inhibitors of GLO1 might be useful to decelerate the cancer cell growth by a novel therapeutic approach that we may call “induced metabolic catastrophe.” Prostate 74:48–60, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of growth temperature on the structure and electrical properties of high‐permittivity TiO2 films in TiCl4‐H2O and TiCl4‐O3 atomic‐layer‐deposition processes
Authors: Arroval T. , Aarik L. , Rammula R. , Mändar H. , Aarik J. , Hudec B. , Hušeková K. , Fröhlich K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe influence of the growth temperature on structure and the electrical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited from TiCl4 and H2O and from TiCl4 and O3 was investigated in the temperature range of 150–500 °C. The high‐permittivity rutile phase of TiO2 was obtained on RuO2 in both processes at 225 °C and higher substrate temperatures. The films deposited on Si contained rutile only when were deposited from TiCl4 and H2O at temperatures above 425 °C. Comparison of the films grown on RuO2 revealed superior electrical performance of those deposited from TiCl4 and O3. Although the k values ranging from 100 to 130 in the Pt/TiO2/RuO2 structures were somewhat lower for these films than for the films deposited from TiCl4 and H2O, the former process resulted in lower leakage current densities at similar capacitance effective thicknesses (CET). The leakage current density as low as 6.6 × 10−8 A cm−2 at 0.8 V and CET = 0.41 nm was obtained for films deposited from TiCl4 and O3 at 350 °C.
Short‐channel, high‐mobility organic thin‐film transistors with alkylated dinaphthothienothiophene
Authors: Kitamura Masatoshi , Kuzumoto Yasutaka , Arakawa Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractShort‐channel, high‐mobility organic transistors have been demonstrated using alkylated dinaphthothienothiophene. The field‐effect mobility for a transistor with a channel length of 2 mm was 1.46 cm2/Vs at operation of –15 V. The transconductance of the transistor reached to 500 µS/mm, which is one of the highest values in p‐channel organic transistors. The high mobility in short‐channel transistors is attributed to low contact resistance caused by Au/AuNi electrodes modified with pentafluorobenzenethiol. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1.9 THz selective injection design quantum cascade laser operating at extreme higher temperature above the kBT line
Authors: Miho Sasaki , Lin Tsung‐Tse , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe terahertz quantum cascade laser (THz‐QCL) is a promising compact THz laser source with high output power and narrow emission line width, and could be put to use in a variety of applications. However, the operating temperature of lower frequency (< 2 THz) QCLs is particularly low, and is limited by the kBT line. This paper demonstrates a 1.9 THz GaAs/Al0.175Ga0.825As QCL operating at temperatures much higher than the kBT line. A selective injection scheme (using a four‐level design) with high‐Al composition barrier was used to build the low‐frequency QCL with high operating temperature. We succeeded in surpassing the kBT line limit for a 1.9 THz QCL that operates up to 160 K (∼1.8 ħw/kB). The selective injection 1.9 THz QCL shows one‐frequency lasing operation over the entire injection bias voltage range. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved temperature characteristics of highly stacked InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers
Authors: Tanoue Fumihiko , Sugawara Hiroharu , Akahane Kouichi , Yamamoto Naokatsu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUp to 24‐stacked‐layer In0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum dot laser diodes were fabricated using ultrahigh‐rate molecular beam epitaxy. The operation of these devices was investigated between 298 and 353 K. The characteristic temperatures for the threshold currents improved from 72 K to 80 K with an increase in the stacking number from 12 to 19. The gain curves were also evaluated at 298 K for laser diodes with various cavity lengths. The obtained saturated modal gain increased with increasing stacking number. The laser diode with a stacking number of 24 exhibited the highest saturated modal gain at 155 cm‐1. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Graphene‐based three‐branch nano‐junction (TBJ) logic inverter
Authors: Yin Xiang , Kasai Seiya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA logic inverter utilizing a graphene‐based three‐branch nano‐junction (TBJ) is proposed and demonstrated. Fabricated graphene TBJ exhibits parabolic voltage transfer characteristic and the polarity of the curvature can be switched by gate voltage owing to the change of the conduction type in the junction. Inversion of voltage signal is successfully realized in the graphene‐based TBJ utilizing the polarity switch of the curvature. Obtained voltage gain is 0.013, which is small for applications. Analysis of the observed behaviours using a simple model suggests that the gain can be improved by increasing gate capacitance and by reducing residual carrier concentration. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous observations of transionospheric and HF ionospheric propagation within the polar cap
Authors: Siddle D. R. , Stocker A. J. , Warrington E. M. , Zaalov N. Y. , Homam M. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe total electron content of the ionosphere over Alert, Canada was measured continuously for over 3 years using a dual frequency GPS receiver. Peaks in the measured total electron content are attributed to the presence of convecting polar patches (patches of enhanced ionization), which increase in number and intensity with increasing sunspot number, peaking in October to November 2011. In addition, HF radio transmissions were made at frequencies between 4 and 14 MHz over a path from Qaanaaq, Greenland to Ny‐Ålesund, Svalbard and several examples are presented in which features in the received signals are visible by these two means almost simultaneously. The reception of the higher‐frequency transmissions is shown to be dependent on the presence of polar patches.
Gleitfeste Verbindungen nach Eurocode 3 und DIN EN 1090‐2
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Schiborr Markus , Glienke Ralf , Wanner Martin‐Christoph , Ulbrich Detlef 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGleitfeste Verbindungen im Stahlbau ermöglichen schlupf‐ und verformungsarme geschraubte Anschlüsse, die vorwiegend in Konstruktionen zum Einsatz kommen, in denen ungewollte Verformungen innerhalb der Verbindungen die Gebrauchseigenschaften der Tragwerke einschränken würden. Typische Einsatzgebiete stellen beispielsweise Funkmasten und ermüdungsbeanspruchte Brücken oder Türme von Windenergieanlagen dar. Wesentliche Kenngrößen derartiger Verbindungen sind die Haftreibungszahl und die Höhe der Vorspannung in den Schrauben. Die neue Herstellungsnorm für Stahlbauten, die DIN EN 1090‐2, bietet im Gegensatz zur DIN 18800‐7 die Möglichkeit der Berücksichtigung verschiedener Arten von Oberflächen und Oberflächenvorbereitungen über unterschiedliche Gleitflächenklassen und stellt mit dem Anhang G ein detailliertes Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Haftreibungszahl unter Berücksichtigung der Kriechgleitneigung zur Verfügung. Die Unterschiede in der Prüfmethodik im Vergleich zur TL/TP‐KOR‐Stahlbauten liegen im Detail und können zu ungünstigeren Haftreibungszahlen führen.Slip‐resistant connections according to Eurocode 3 and DIN EN 1090‐2. Slip‐resistant connections in steel structures permit bolted connections with low slip and deformation, which are mainly used in structures, in which deformations of the connections would limit the serviceability of the structures. Typical applications can be found in radio masts, bridges and towers of wind turbines, which are loaded by fatigue. Essential characteristics of these connections are the slip factor and the preload in the bolts. The new execution standard for steel structures, DIN EN 1090‐2, provides in contrast to DIN 18800‐7 the possibility of considering different surface treatments by various classes and with Annex G, it provides a detailed test method to determine the slip factor taking into account possible creep effects. The differences in the testing methodology in comparison to the TL/TP‐KOR‐Stahlbauten are in the details and can lead to unfavourable slip factors.
Two Novel Splice Variants of SOX2OT, SOX2OT-S1, and SOX2OT-S2 are Coupregulated with SOX2 and OCT4 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Shahryari Alireza , Rafiee Mahmoud Reza , Fouani Youssef , Oliae Nasrin Alipour , Samaei Nader Mansour , Shafiee Mohammad , Semnani Shahryar , Vasei Mohammad , Mowla Seyed Javad 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as new regulators of stem cell pluripotency and tumorigenesis. The SOX2 gene, a master regulator of pluripotency, is embedded within the third intron of a lncRNA known as SOX2 overlapping transcript (SOX2OT). SOX2OT has been suspected to participate in regulation of SOX2 expression and/or other related processes; nevertheless, its potential involvement in tumor initiation and/or progression is unclear. Here, we have evaluated a possible correlation between expression patterns of SOX2OT and those of master regulators of pluripotency, SOX2 and OCT4, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissue samples. We have also examined its potential function in the human embryonic carcinoma stem cell line, NTERA2 (NT2), which highly expresses SOX2OT, SOX2, and OCT4. Our data revealed a significant coupregulation of SOX2OT along with SOX2 and OCT4 in tumor samples, compared to the non-tumor tissues obtained from the margin of same tumors. We also identified two novel splice variants of SOX2OT (SOX2OT-S1 and SOX2OT-S2) which coupregulated with SOX2 and OCT4 in ESCCs. Suppressing SOX2OT variants caused a profound alteration in cell cycle distribution, including a 5.9 and 6.9 time increase in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle for SOX2OT-S1 and SOX2OT-S2, respectively. The expression of all variants was significantly diminished, upon the induction of neural differentiation in NT2 cells, suggesting their potential functional links to the undifferentiated state of the cells. Our data suggest a part for SOX2OT spliced variants in tumor initiation and/or progression as well as regulating pluripotent state of stem cells. Stem Cells 2014;32:126–134
Dendritic remodeling in the adolescent medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala of male and female rats
Authors: Koss Wendy A. , Belden Chelsea E. , Hristov Alexander D. , Juraska Janice M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThere is recent evidence of continuing development throughout adolescence in two neural areas involved in emotion and cognition, the basolateral amygdala (BLN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Previous research from our laboratory has demonstrated a cellular loss in both of these brain regions in rats between postnatal day (P) 35 and 90. This study investigates dendritic changes in pyramidal neurons of the BLN and Layer 5 of the mPFC at P20 (juvenile), 35 (puberty), and 90 (adulthood) in hooded rats of both sexes. Dendritic branching and dendritic spines were quantified in Golgi‐Cox impregnated tissue. Between P20 and 35, dendritic length and complexity, as well as the density of dendritic spines, increased in both structures. Between P35 and 90, dendritic spines in the mPFC neurons significantly decreased in both sexes, while a loss of basilar dendrites was only detected in females. In the BLN, there was an increase in the number of branches between P35 and 90 without an increase in the total length of the dendritic tree. BLN spine density also remained stable during this period. These results show that the dendritic tree grows prior to puberty while dendritic remodeling and pruning occurs after puberty in both of these neural areas. This late development may lead to susceptibilities to psychopathologies and addictions that often develop at this time. Synapse 68:61–72, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The growth of northeastern Tibet and its relevance to large‐scale continental geodynamics: A review of recent studies
Authors: Yuan Dao‐Yang , Ge Wei‐Peng , Chen Zhen‐Wei , Li Chuan‐You , Wang Zhi‐Cai , Zhang Hui‐Ping , Zhang Pei‐Zhen , Zheng De‐Wen , Zheng Wen‐Jun , Craddock William H. , Dayem Katherine E. , Duvall Alison R. , Hough Brian G. , Lease Richard O. , Champagnac Jean‐Daniel , Burbank Douglas W. , Clark Marin K. , Farley Kenneth A. , Garzione Carmala N. , Kirby Eric , Molnar Peter , Roe Gerard H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecent studies of the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau have called attention to two emerging views of how the Tibetan Plateau has grown. First, deformation in northern Tibet began essentially at the time of collision with India, not 10–20 Myr later as might be expected if the locus of activity migrated northward as India penetrated the rest of Eurasia. Thus, the north‐south dimensions of the Tibetan Plateau were set mainly by differences in lithospheric strength, with strong lithosphere beneath India and the Tarim and Qaidam basins steadily encroaching on one another as the region between them, the present‐day Tibetan Plateau, deformed, and its north‐south dimension became narrower. Second, abundant evidence calls for acceleration of deformation, including the formation of new faults, in northeastern Tibet since ~15 Ma and a less precisely dated change in orientation of crustal shortening since ~20 Ma. This reorientation of crustal shortening and roughly concurrent outward growth of high terrain, which swings from NNE‐SSW in northern Tibet to more NE‐SW and even ENE‐WSW in the easternmost part of northeastern Tibet, are likely to be, in part, a consequence of crustal thickening within the high Tibetan Plateau reaching a limit, and the locus of continued shortening then migrating to the northeastern and eastern flanks. These changes in rates and orientation also could result from removal of some or all mantle lithosphere and increased gravitational potential energy per unit area and from a weakening of crustal material so that it could flow in response to pressure gradients set by evolving differences in elevation.
Damping of low‐frequency oscillations using an SVC‐based supplementary controller
Authors: Hasanvand Hamed , Bakhshideh Zad Bashir , Mozafari Babak , Feizifar Behnam 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the optimal tunning problem of parameters of a conventional lead–lag controller (LLC) and a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based on the static Var compensator (SVC) is considered. The solution is obtained using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. The membership functions and scaling factors of the FLC and LLC parameters are optimized using the above‐mentioned technique. The proposed controllers are settled down to an SVC that is installed at the middle of a transmission line connecting a single machine to an infinite bus system. Simulation results show the superiority of the optimized FLC compared to the optimized LLC and also when the SVC is without the supplementary controller under different disturbances and loading conditions. The simulations and analyses are implemented in MATLAB environment. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Water quality analysis in Lake Hachiroko, Japan, using ALOS AVNIR‐2 data
Authors: Wang Dejian , Kageyama Yoichi , Nishida Makoto , Shirai Hikaru , Motozawa Asana 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn recent years, remote sensing has been used to assessing water pollution distribution. In this study, water quality is analyzed using data collected by the Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type‐2 (AVNIR‐2) of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) at various points in time. We carried out fuzzy regression analysis of the AVNIR‐2 data and direct measurements of local water quality. The relationship between the water quality data and the AVNIR‐2 data was analyzed by solving both the min and max problems. By comparing the maps of estimated water quality with actual distributions of water quality in the study area, we found that the method used in this study allows effective derivation of water quality conditions from AVNIR‐2 data, which provides 10‐m spatial resolution. Furthermore, by comparing the maps created using AVNIR‐2 data collected at different times, we obtained results suggesting temporal changes in water quality. We also compared the results obtained using data collected by the optical sensor of the Landsat thematic mapper (TM) with 30‐m resolution and those obtained using data collected by the active sensor of JERS‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and examined the differences in classification results resulting from differences in resolution and sensors. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of a micro‐multipoint laser doppler velocimeter for in vivo evaluation of subcutaneous blood flow
Authors: Akiguchi Shunsuke , Ishida Hiroki , Andoh Tsugunobu , Shimizu Tadamichi , Kuraishi Yasushi , Yasuda Yoshifumi , Hachiga Tadashi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe have developed a micro‐multipoint laser Doppler velocimeter (µMLDV), which is the newest version of our improved laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV). This device can potentially be used clinically for the evaluation of the internal diameter of blood vessels, inspection of blood vessel protrusions and diagnosis of melanoma. To date, we have verified the accuracy of this device for three‐dimensional measurement of blood vessels in vivo and measurement of melanoma. The state of blood flow is one of the evaluation criteria for tissue fixing. However, the state of blood flow is difficult to determine visually. If the state of blood flow can be visualized using this system, without damaging the affected area, it is possible to evaluate fixing noninvasively. Therefore, we measured normal blood vessels and cases in which there was no blood flow for comparison and verified the possibility of using the µMLDV as an evaluation device. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
N‐Trimethylsilyl‐aminophosphines: Solution‐state Structures, Studied by Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance and DFT Methods
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Köhler Christian , Weidinger Jürgen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA novel fairly stable N‐trimethylsilylamino(dichloro)phosphine was prepared, in which the nitrogen atom bears a 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl group. The gas phase structures of various amino‐ and silylaminophosphines including a phosphenium cation and an amino(imono)phosphine were optimized at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(d,p) level of theory, and NMR parameters were calculated. Both magnitude and sign of the two‐bond coupling constants 2J(31P,N,13C) and 2J(31P,N,29Si), known to be sensitive towards the respective conformation, are well reproduced by the calculations. This also holds for 1J(31P,15N), although calculated values 1K(31P,15N) (all < 0) are slightly more negative [1J(31P,15N) more positive] than experimental values.
New Rhodium‐rich Germanides RERh6Ge4 (RE = Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm–Lu)
Authors: Voßwinkel Daniel , Niehaus Oliver , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: October 2013

Abstract The ternary germanides RERh6Ge4 (RE = Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm–Lu) were obtained by arc‐melting of the elements and subsequent annealing. Single crystals were grown from bismuth fluxes. The samples were studied by X‐ray diffraction on powders. The structures of five members were refined from single crystal diffraction data: LiCo6P4 type, P$\bar{6}$m2, a = 715.8(1), c = 387.33(8) pm, wR = 0.0238, 332 F2 values for LaRh6Ge4, a = 715.0(1), c = 384.96(7) pm, wR = 0.0211, 329 F2 values for PrRh6Ge4, a = 714.28(9), c = 382.57(6) pm, wR = 0.0136, 327 F2 values for SmRh6Ge4, a = 714.2(1), c = 381.6(1), wR = 0.0270, 327 F2 values for GdRh6Ge4, and a = 714.2(2), c = 379.0(1) pm, wR = 0.0273, 324 F2 values for HoRh6Ge4 with 19 variables per refinement. The RERh6Ge4 structures have two crystallographically independent germanium sites in trigonal prismatic coordination, manifesting the close structural relationship with metal‐rich phosphides. Together, the rhodium and germanium atoms build up three‐dimensional [Rh6Ge4] networks, which leave large channels for the rare earth atoms. Each rare earth atom has coordination number 20 with 12 Rh, 6 Ge, and 2 RE neighbors. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate Pauli paramagnetic behavior for YRh6Ge4, LaRh6Ge4, and LuRh6Ge4. The compounds RERh6Ge4 (RE = Gd–Yb) are Curie‐Weiss paramagnets. Antiferromagnetic ordering was observed at 8.4(5) K (GdRh6Ge4), 13.6(5) K (TbRh6Ge4), 5.1(5) K (DyRh6Ge4), and 8.9(5) K (YbRh6Ge4). DyRh6Ge4 and YbRh6Ge4 show metamagnetic transitions at 2.5(5) and 45(2) kOe, respectively.
Challenges and triumphs to genomics-based natural product discovery
Authors: Jensen Paul R , Chavarria Krystle L , Fenical William , Moore Bradley S , Ziemert Nadine 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Genome sequencing is rapidly changing the field of natural products research by providing opportunities to assess the biosynthetic potential of strains prior to chemical analysis or biological testing. Ready access to sequence data is driving the development of new bioinformatic tools and methods to identify the products of silent or cryptic pathways. While genome mining has fast become a useful approach to natural product discovery, it has also become clear that identifying pathways of interest is much easier than finding the associated products. This has led to bottlenecks in the discovery process that must be overcome for the potential of genomics-based natural product discovery to be fully realized. In this perspective, we address some of these challenges in the context of our work with the marine actinomycete genus Salinispora, which is proving to be a useful model with which to apply genome mining as an approach to natural product discovery.