bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of pain‐related behavior and pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels in the rat rotator cuff tear model
Authors: Yamazaki Hironori , Ochiai Nobuyasu , Kenmoku Tomonori , Ohtori Seiji , Sasho Takahisa , Miyagi Masayuki , Ishikawa Tetsuhiro , Kamoda Hiroto , Orita Sumihisa , Sasaki Yuu , Yamaguchi Takeshi , Kijima Takehiro , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe cause of pain following rotator cuff tear has not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate behavior and inflammatory cytokines in a rat unstabilized rotator cuff defect (UCD) model. Forty‐five Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham; UCD; and stabilized rotator cuff defect (SCD). Gait analysis was examined using CatWalk. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin(IL)‐1β, and IL‐6 were measured within the subacromial bursa and the glenohumeral joint synovium at 21 and 56 days after surgery using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stride length, print area and contact intensity in the UCD group was significantly lower than in the sham group after surgery. Stride length, print area and contact intensity in the SCD group was significantly higher than in the UCD group. In contrast, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in the UCD group was significantly higher than in the sham group at days 21 and 56. However, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 in the SCD group was significantly lower than in the UCD group at days 21 and 56. The present results suggest that SCD is effective not only in improving shoulder function but also in reducing inflammatory cytokines, which may serve as one source of pain due to rotator cuff tear. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:286–290, 2014.
Skeletal trauma generates systemic BMP2 activation that is temporally related to the mobilization of CD73+ cells
Authors: Marsell Richard , Steen Brandon , Bais Manish V. , Mortlock Douglas P. , Einhorn Thomas A. , Gerstenfeld Louis C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe relationship between BMP2 expression and the recruitment of skeletogenic stem cells was assessed following bone marrow reaming. BMP2 expression was examined using transgenic mice in which β‐galactosidase had been inserted into the coding region of BMP2. Stem cell mobilization was analyzed by FACS analysis using CD73, a marker associated with bone marrow stromal stem cells. BMP2 expression was induced in endosteal lining cells, cortical osteocytes and periosteal cells in both the reamed and in contralateral bones. BMP2 mRNA expression in the reamed bone showed an early peak within the first 24 h of reaming followed by a later peak at 7 days, while contralateral bones only showed the 7 days peak of expression. FACS analysis sorting on CD73 positive cells showed a 50% increase of these cells at 3 and 14 days in the marrow of the injured bone and a single peak at 14 days of the marrow cell population of the contralateral bone. A ∼20% increase of CD73 positive cells was seen in the peripheral blood 2 days after reaming. These data showed that traumatic bone injury caused a systemic induction of BMP2 expression and that this increase is correlated with the mobilization of CD73 positive cells. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 32:17–23, 2014.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Multifunctional Polymers by Light‐Controlled Radical Polymerization and Enzymatic Catalysis with Candida antarctica Lipase B
Authors: Hrsic Emin , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin 
Published: September 2013

The preparation of multifunctional polymers and block copolymers by a straightforward one‐pot reaction process that combines enzymatic transacylation with light‐controlled polymerization is described. Functional methacrylate monomers are synthesized by enzymatic transacylation and used in situ for light‐controlled polymerization, leading to multifunctional methacrylate‐based polymers with well‐defined microstructure.
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N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine enhances fisetin‐induced cytotoxicity via induction of ROS‐independent apoptosis in human colonic cancer cells
Authors: Wu Ming‐Shun , Lien Gi‐Shih , Shen Shing‐Chuan , Yang Liang‐Yo , Chen Yen‐Chou 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOxidative stress or excessive antioxidant levels‐caused redox imbalance can alter apoptotic responses, and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) was able to inhibit H2O2‐mediated cell death, but unable to prevent apoptosis induced by other chemicals such as etoposide. We now demonstrate that 10 and 20 mM NAC, non‐toxic concentrations, can enhance fisetin (FIS)‐mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells COLO205. Compared to treatment with FIS alone, combination treatment with NAC increased the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and PAPR protein, and produced greater density of DNA ladders. NAC reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of FIS‐treated COLO205 cells with induction of caspase 9 protein cleavage. DNA ladders induced by FIS + NAC were diminished by adding the caspase 3 inhibitor, DEVD‐FMK, and the caspase 9 inhibitor, YVAD‐FMK. Combinatorial treatment COLO205 cells with NAC and FIS showed potent inhibition on ERK protein phosphorylation, compared with those from FIS or NAC‐treated groups by Western blotting using specific antibodies. Addition of the chemical ERK inhibitors, PD98059 and U0126, significantly inhibited ERK protein phosphorylation, accompanied by induced DNA ladder formation, cleavage of caspase 3 and PARP protein in COLO205 cells. Furthermore, NAC showed an enhancement on a FIS‐related chemical chrysin‐induced apoptosis of COLO205 cells, and NAC sensitization of colon cancer cells to FIS‐induced apoptosis was also identify in colonic cancer cells HCT‐116, HT‐29, and HCT‐15 cells. The evidence to support NAC sensitizing human colon cancer cells to FIS‐induced apoptosis was provided, and application of NAC and FIS as a strategy to treat colonic cancer deserved for further in vivo study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using Graph Indices for the Analysis and Comparison of Chemical Datasets
Authors: Fourches Denis , Tropsha Alexander 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn cheminformatics, compounds are represented as points in multidimensional space of chemical descriptors. When all pairs of points found within certain distance threshold in the original high dimensional chemistry space are connected by distance‐labeled edges, the resulting data structure can be defined as Dataset Graph (DG). We show that, similarly to the conventional description of organic molecules, many graph indices can be computed for DGs as well. We demonstrate that chemical datasets can be effectively characterized and compared by computing simple graph indices such as the average vertex degree or Randic connectivity index. This approach is used to characterize and quantify the similarity between different datasets or subsets of the same dataset (e.g., training, test, and external validation sets used in QSAR modeling). The freely available ADDAGRA program has been implemented to build and visualize DGs. The approach proposed and discussed in this report could be further explored and utilized for different cheminformatics applications such as dataset diversification by acquiring external compounds, dataset processing prior to QSAR modeling, or (dis)similarity modeling of multiple datasets studied in chemical genomics applications.
Validation of the problem gambling severity index using confirmatory factor analysis and rasch modelling
Authors: Miller Natalie V. , Currie Shawn R. , Hodgins David C. , Casey David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), a screening tool used to measure the severity of gambling problems in general population research, was subjected to confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch modelling to (a) confirm the one‐factor structure; (b) assess how well the items measure the continuum of problem gambling severity; (c) identify sources of differential item functioning among relevant subpopulations of gamblers. Analyses were conducted on a nationally representative sample of over 25,000 gamblers compiled by merging data from the Canadian Community Health Survey and Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) integrated datasets. Results provided support for a one‐factor model that was invariant across gender, age, income level, and gambler type. Rasch modelling revealed a well‐fitting, unidimensional model with no miss‐fitting items. The average severity assessed by the PGSI is consistent with moderately severe problem gambling. The PGSI is therefore weak in assessing low to moderate problem severity, a notable limitation of most brief gambling screens. Evidence of clinically significant differential item functioning was found with only one item, borrowing money to gamble, which behaved differently in gamblers who play electronic gaming machines or casino games compared to gamblers who avoid these games. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mykotoxinkonjugate demaskieren
Authors: Maul Ronald , Brodehl Antje , Koch Matthias 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWenn in einem Lebensmittel keine Schimmelpilzgifte nachweisbar sind, muss das nicht bedeuten, dass keine enthalten sind. Prozesse der Lebensmittelverarbeitung, etwa das Mälzen in der Brauerei, führen dazu, dass Glucoside oder Sulfate der Toxine entstehen. Sie sind wenig charakterisiert und analytisch bisher kaum fassbar.
Expression pattern of human ATP‐binding cassette transporters in skin
Authors: Takenaka Saya , Itoh Tomoo , Fujiwara Ryoichi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters transport a variety of substrates across cellular membranes coupled with hydrolysis of ATP. Currently 49 ABC transporters consisting of seven subfamilies, ABCA, ABCB, ABCC, ABCD, ABCE, ABCF, and ABCG, have been identified in humans and they are extensively expressed in various tissues. Skin can develop a number of drug‐induced toxicities' such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and psoriasis. Concentration of drugs in the skin cells is associated with the development of adverse drug reactions. ABC transporters play important roles in absorption and disposition of drugs in the cells; however, the expression pattern of human ABC transporters in the skin has not been determined. In this study, the expression patterns of 48 human ABC transporters were determined in the human skin as well as in the liver and small intestine. Most of the ABCA, ABCB, ABCC, ABCD, ABCE, and ABCF family members were highly or moderately expressed in the skin, while ABCG family members were slightly expressed in the skin. Significant interindividual variability was also observed in the expression levels of those ATP transporters in the skin, except for ABCA5 and ABCF1, which were found to be expressed in all of the human skin samples tested in this study. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify the expression pattern of the whole human ABC family of transporters in the skin. The interindividual variability in the expression levels of ABC transporters in the human skin might be associated with drug‐induced skin diseases.
Fragmentation pathways of 2‐substituted pyrrole derivatives using electrospray ionization ion trap and electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Xianrui , Guo Zili , Yu Chuanming 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEPyrrole derivatives are of considerable importance and are present in a wide range of natural products and used extensively in drug discovery. Fragmentation pathway studies play an important role in the structural identification of pyrrole derivatives. As a part of our ongoing work on heterocycles, fragmentation pathways of 2‐substituted pyrrole derivatives were investigated by mass spectrometry (MS).METHODSTwelve pyrrole derivatives were synthesized and analyzed. Low‐resolution fragmentation ions of all the compounds were generated by ion trap mass spectrometry (ITMSn) with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive mode. Hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS) was used to determine the elemental compositions of the resultant product ions.RESULTSThe side‐chain substituents at the 2‐position influence the fragmentation pathways. Typical losses of H2O, aldehydes and pyrrole moieties from the [M + H]+ ion are observed for the compounds with side chains bearing aromatic groups at the 2‐position of the pyrrole. However, losses of H2O, alcohols and C3H6 are the main cleavage pathways for compounds 6 and 12 with nonphenyl‐substituted side chains at the 2‐position.CONCLUSIONSTypical fragmentation mechanisms of 2‐substituted pyrrole derivatives are proposed and elucidated based on the observations of ITMSn and QTOFMS spectra. The results showed that the fragmentation pathways were remarkably influenced by the side‐chain substituents at the 2‐position of pyrrole. This investigation should have value in the structural identification of this series of molecules or compounds with similar structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing the isotopic composition of atmospheric ammonia emission sources using passive samplers and a combined oxidation‐bacterial denitrifier approach
Authors: David Felix J. , Elliott Emily M. , Gish Timothy J. , McConnell Laura L. , Shaw Stephanie L. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEAmmonia (NH3) emissions are a substantial source of nitrogen pollution to sensitive terrestrial, aquatic, and marine ecosystems and dependable quantification of NH3 sources is of growing importance due to recently observed increases in ammonium (NH4+) deposition rates. While determination of the nitrogen isotopic composition of NH3 (δ15N‐NH3) can aid in the quantification of NH3 emission sources, existing methods have precluded a comprehensive assessment of δ15N‐NH3 values from major emission sources.METHODSWe report an approach for the δ15N‐NH4+ analysis of low concentration NH4+ samples that couples the bromate oxidation of NH4+ to NO2– and the microbial denitrifier method for δ15N‐NO2– analysis. This approach reduces the required sample mass by 50‐fold relative to standard elemental analysis (EA) procedures, is capable of high throughput, and eliminates toxic chemicals used in a prior method for the analysis of low concentration samples. Using this approach, we report a comprehensive inventory of δ15N‐NH3 values from major emission sources (including livestock operations, marine sources, vehicles, fertilized cornfields) collected using passive sampling devices.RESULTSThe δ15N‐NH4+ analysis approach developed has a standard deviation of ±0.7‰ and was used to analyze passively collected NH3 emissions with a wide range of ambient NH3 concentrations (0.2 to 165.6 µg/m3). The δ15N‐NH3 values reveal that the NH3 emitted from volatilized livestock waste and fertilizer has relatively low δ15N values (–56 to –23‰), allowing it to be differentiated from NH3 emitted from fossil fuel sources that are characterized by relatively high δ15N values (–15 to +2‰).CONCLUSIONSThe isotopic source signatures presented in this emission inventory can be used as an additional tool in identifying NH3 emission sources and tracing their transport across localized landscapes and regions. The insight into the transport of NH3 emissions provided by isotopic investigation is an important step in devising strategies to reduce future NH3 emissions, a mounting concern for air quality scientists, epidemiologists, and policy‐makers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metallaxis‐FL: mutation‐based fault localization
Authors: Papadakis Mike , Le Traon Yves 
Published: September 2013

SummaryFault localization methods seek to identify faulty program statements based on the information provided by the failing and passing test executions. Spectrum‐based methods are among the most popular ones and assist programmers by assigning suspiciousness values on program statements according to their probability of being faulty. This paper proposes Metallaxis, a fault localization approach based on mutation analysis. The innovative part of Metallaxis is that it uses mutants and links them with the faulty program places. Thus, mutants that are killed mostly by failing tests provide a good indication about the location of a fault. Experimentation using Metallaxis suggests that it is significantly more effective than statement‐based approaches. This is true even in the case where mutation cost‐reduction techniques, such as mutant sampling, are facilitated. Additionally, results from a controlled experiment show that the use of mutation as a testing technique provides benefits to the fault localization process. Therefore, fault localization is significantly improved by using mutation‐based tests instead of block‐based or branch‐based test suites. Finally, evidence in support of the methods’ scalability is also given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems biology approaches to epidemiological studies of complex diseases
Authors: Li Hongzhe 
Published: September 2013

Systems biology approaches to epidemiological studies of complex diseases include collection of genetic, genomic, epigenomic, and metagenomic data in large‐scale epidemiological studies of complex phenotypes. Designs and analyses of such studies raise many statistical challenges. This article reviews some issues related to integrative analysis of such high dimensional and inter‐related datasets and outline some possible solutions. I focus my review on integrative approaches for genome‐wide genetic variants and gene expression data, methods for joint analysis of genetic and epigenetic variants, and methods for analysis of microbiome data. Statistical methods such as mediation analysis, high‐dimensional instrumental variable regression, sparse signal recovery, and compositional data regression provide potential frameworks for integrative analysis of these high‐dimensional genomic data.WIREs Syst Biol Med2013, 5:677–686. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1242This article is categorized under:Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical MethodsLaboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Integrative approaches for modeling regulation and function of the respiratory system
Authors: Ben‐Tal Alona , Tawhai Merryn H. 
Published: September 2013

Mathematical models have been central to understanding the interaction between neural control and breathing. Models of the entire respiratory system—which comprises the lungs and the neural circuitry that controls their ventilation—have been derived using simplifying assumptions to compartmentalize each component of the system and to define the interactions between components. These full system models often rely—through necessity—on empirically derived relationships or parameters, in addition to physiological values. In parallel with the development of whole respiratory system models are mathematical models that focus on furthering a detailed understanding of the neural control network, or of the several functions that contribute to gas exchange within the lung. These models are biophysically based, and rely on physiological parameters. They include single‐unit models for a breathing lung or neural circuit, through to spatially distributed models of ventilation and perfusion, or multicircuit models for neural control. The challenge is to bring together these more recent advances in models of neural control with models of lung function, into a full simulation for the respiratory system that builds upon the more detailed models but remains computationally tractable. This requires first understanding the mathematical models that have been developed for the respiratory system at different levels, and which could be used to study how physiological levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood are maintained. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:687–699. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1244This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Social influences on the estrous cycle of the captive sun bear (Helarctos Malayanus)
Authors: Frederick Cheryl , Hunt Kathleen , Kyes Randall , Collins Darin , Durrant Barbara , Ha James , Wasser Samuel K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe examined the potential influences of existing social housing arrangements on captive sun bear female reproductive cycling. Three social conditions were studied: 1.2, 1.1, and 0.2. Fecal hormone metabolites of total estrogens, progestins and glucocorticoids were compared between the three social conditions and were analyzed along with vaginal cytology data in individuals that experienced a change in social condition. Behavioral data were collected on females in each of the social conditions and summarized into agonistic, affiliative and sexual categories. Results indicated that sun bears are spontaneous ovulators, but that the presence of a male does influence hormone metabolite concentrations and cytological profiles. Male presence was also associated with a greater proportion of females cycling. In most female pairs, only one female cycled, typically the younger, subordinate female. The presence of a second female appeared to have a suppressive influence on both cycling and mating behavior. Agonistic behavior and associated stress may be a mechanism for lowering progesterone. In contrast, high estrogen levels were associated with low levels of agonistic interactions; thus, reproductive cycle monitoring could facilitate social introductions with either sex. Females in 1.2 social groupings had significantly higher GC metabolite concentrations and agonistic behavior, suggesting that 1.2 social groupings may not be advisable for captive breeding programs. Data from the North American historical captive population indicate that at most 32% of all sun bear pairs and only 18.5% of females have successfully reproduced. Implications of these social and reproductive patterns for captive management are discussed. Zoo Biol. 32:581–591, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Cognitive enrichment for bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): Evaluation of a novel underwater maze device
Authors: Clark Fay E. , Davies Samuel L. , Madigan Andrew W. , Warner Abby J. , Kuczaj Stan A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCognitive enrichment is gaining popularity as a tool to enhance captive animal well‐being, but research on captive cetaceans is lacking. Dolphin cognition has been studied intensively since the 1950s, and several hundred bottlenose dolphins are housed in major zoos and aquaria worldwide, but most dolphin enrichment consists of simple floating objects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a novel, underwater maze device (UMD) was cognitively enriching for one group of male and one group of female dolphins at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, CA. The dolphin's task was to navigate a rubber ball through a maze of pipes, towards an exit pipe. We also tested a modification where an edible gelatine ball fell into the pool once the UMD was solved. The UMD was provided to each group between 8 and 11 times over a 4‐week period. Male dolphins used the UMD without prior training, whereas females did not use the UMD at all. Two male dolphins solved the UMD 17 times, using a variety of problem‐solving strategies. The UMD had no significant effect on circular (repetitive) swimming patterns, but males spent significantly more time underwater when the UMD was present. Males used the UMD significantly more when it contained the rubber ball, but the gelatine ball stimulated social play. The UMD is a safe and practical device for captive dolphins. It now requires further testing on other dolphins, particularly females, to in order to examine whether the sex differences we observed are a general phenomenon. Zoo Biol. 32:608–619, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.