bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDX2 regulates multiple trophoblast genes in bovine trophectoderm CT‐1 cells
Authors: Schiffmacher Andrew T. , Keefer Carol L. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe bovine trophectoderm (TE) undergoes a dramatic morphogenetic transition prior to uterine endometrial attachment. Many studies have documented trophoblast‐specific gene expression profiles at various pre‐attachment stages, yet genetic interactions within the transitioning TE gene regulatory network are not well characterized. During bovine embryogenesis, transcription factors OCT4 and CDX2 are co‐expressed during early trophoblast elongation. In this study, the bovine trophectoderm‐derived CT‐1 cell line was utilized as a genetic model to examine the roles of CDX2 and OCT4 within the bovine trophoblast gene regulatory network. An RT‐PCR screen for TE‐lineage transcription factors identified expression of CDX2, ERRB, ID2, SOX15, ELF5, HAND1, and ASCL2. CT‐1 cells also express a nuclear‐localized, 360 amino acid OCT4 ortholog of the pluripotency‐specific human OCT4A. To delineate the roles of CDX2 and OCT4 within the CT‐1 gene network, CDX2 and OCT4 levels were manipulated via overexpression and siRNA‐mediated knockdown. An increase in CDX2 negatively regulated OCT4 expression, but increased expression of IFNT, HAND1, ASCL2, SOX15, and ELF5. A reduction of CDX2 levels exhibited a reciprocal effect, resulting in decreased expression of IFNT, HAND1, ASCL2, and SOX15. Both overexpression and knockdown of CDX2 increased ETS2 transcription. In contrast to CDX2, manipulation of OCT4 levels only revealed a positive autoregulatory mechanism and upregulation of ASCL2. Together, these results suggest that CDX2 is a core regulator of multiple trophoblast genes within CT‐1 cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 826–839, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of denervated muscle to contractures after neonatal brachial plexus injury: Not just muscle fibrosis
Authors: Nikolaou Sia , Liangjun Hu , Tuttle Lori J. , Weekley Holly , Christopher Wylie , Lieber Richard L. , Cornwall Roger 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated the contribution of muscle fibrosis to elbow flexion contractures in a murine model of neonatal brachial plexus injury (NBPI). Methods: Four weeks after NBPI, biceps and brachialis fibrosis were assessed histologically and compared with the timing of contracture development and the relative contribution of each muscle to contractures. Modulus of elasticity and hydroxyproline (collagen) content were measured and correlated with contracture severity. The effect of halofuginone antifibrotic therapy on fibrosis and contractures was investigated. Results: Elbow contractures preceded muscle fibrosis development. The brachialis was less fibrotic than the biceps, yet contributed more to contractures. Modulus and hydroxyproline content increased in both elbow flexors, but neither correlated with contracture severity. Halofuginone reduced biceps fibrosis but did not reduce contracture severity. Conclusions: Contractures after NBPI cannot be explained solely by muscle fibrosis, arguing for investigation of alternate pathophysiologic targets for contracture prevention and treatment. Muscle Nerve 49:398–404, 2014
Physiological cross‐sectional area of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis is greater than its transverse counterpart: Implications for functional testing
Authors: Stamenkovic Alexander , Munro Bridget J. , Peoples Gregory E. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Despite structural distinction between the transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis, in vivo testing continues to consider the adductor pollicis as functionally simplistic. As a muscle's architecture is a strong indicator of function, in this study we aimed to determine whether the physiological cross‐sectional areas (PCSAs) of both heads were uniform. Methods: Classical, microdissection, and chemical dissection procedures were conducted on 10 cadaveric left hands to determine structural origin and insertions. Architectural measures of muscle length (Lm), muscle weight (Wm), fascicle length (Lf), sarcomere length (Ls), and pennation angle (θ) were used to calculate PCSA and fascicle length:muscle length ratio (Lf:Lm). Results: The oblique head had greater variation in attachments, significantly greater PCSA (P = 0.008), and smaller Lf:Lm (P = 0.001) than its transverse counterpart. Conclusions: Muscle architecture suggests the oblique head has greater potential for force generation, and the transverse has greater potential for joint excursion. Muscle Nerve 49:405–412, 2014
Cramp‐fasciculation syndrome in patients with and without neural autoantibodies
Authors: Liewluck Teerin , Klein Christopher J. , Jones Lyell K. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated the clinical, electrophysiological and neural autoantibody characteristics in cramp‐fasciculation syndrome (CFS) patients. Methods: We reviewed Mayo Clinic records from 2000 to 2011 to identify clinically defined CFS patients who underwent neural autoantibody testing. Stored sera of patients who tested positive for antibodies to voltage‐gated potassium channel complex (VGKC complex) were analyzed further for leucine‐rich glioma‐inactivated 1 (LGI1) or contactin‐associated protein‐2 immunoglobulin G (CASPR2‐IgG) antibodies. Results: Thirty‐seven patients were identified. Twelve were seropositive for neural autoantibodies. Clinical manifestations were similar in seropositive and seronegative patients, although central and autonomic neuronal hyperexcitability symptoms were more common in seropositive cases. No patients had a malignancy. Repetitive tibial nerve stimulation at 10 Hz revealed longer afterdischarges in seropositive patients. Two of 7 patients with VGKC‐complex autoimmunity demonstrated LGI1 or CASPR2‐IgG antibodies. Only 2 of 12 seropositive patients required immunotherapy. Conclusions: VGKC‐complex autoimmunity occurs in a minority of CFS patients. Antibody positivity was associated with extramuscular manifestations, typically without malignancy. Target antigens within the VGKC complex remain unknown in most patients. Muscle Nerve 49:351–356, 2014
Cost of illness for neuromuscular diseases in the United States
Authors: Larkindale Jane , Yang Wenya , Hogan Paul F. , Simon Carol J. , Zhang Yiduo , Jain Anjali , Habeeb‐Louks Elizabeth M. , Kennedy Annie , Cwik Valerie A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We conducted a comprehensive study of the costs associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). and myotonic dystrophy (DM) in the U.S. Methods: We determined the total impact on the U.S. economy, including direct medical costs, nonmedical costs, and loss of income. Medical costs were calculated using a commercial insurance database and Medicare claims data. Nonmedical and indirect costs were determined through a survey of families registered with the Muscular Dystrophy Association. Results: Medical costs were driven by outpatient care. Nonmedical costs were driven by the necessity to move or adapt housing for the patient and paid caregiving. Loss of income correlated significantly with the amount of care needed by the patient. Conclusions: We calculated the annual per‐patient costs to be $63,693 for ALS, $50,952 for DMD, and $32,236 for DM. Population‐wide national costs were $1,023 million (ALS), $787 million (DMD), and $448 million (DM). Muscle Nerve 49:431–438, 2014
Positive numerical solution for a nonarbitrage liquidity model using nonstandard finite difference schemes
Authors: González‐Parra Gilberto , Arenasm Abraham J. , Chen‐Charpentier Benito M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this article, we construct a numerical method based on a nonstandard finite difference scheme to solve numerically a nonarbitrage liquidity model with observable parameters for derivatives. This nonlinear model considers that the parameters involved are observable from order book data. The proposed numerical method use a exact difference scheme in the linear convection‐reaction term, and the spatial derivative is approximated using a nonstandard finite difference scheme. It is shown that the proposed numerical scheme preserves the positivity as well as stability and consistence. To illustrate the accuracy of the method, the numerical results are compared with those produced by other methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 210‐221, 2014
Outlier removal to uncover patterns in adverse drug reaction surveillance – a simple unmasking strategy
Authors: Juhlin Kristina , Ye Xiaofei , Star Kristina , Norén G. Niklas 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to develop an algorithm for uncovering associations masked by extreme reporting rates, characterize the occurrence of masking by influential outliers in two spontaneous reporting databases and evaluate the impact of outlier removal on disproportionality analysis.MethodsWe propose an algorithm that identifies influential outliers and carries out parallel analysis after their omission. It considers masking of drugs as well as of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), uses a direct measure of the masking effect and makes no assumptions regarding the number of outliers per drug or ADR. The occurrence of masking is characterized in the WHO Global Individual Case Safety Report database, VigiBase and a regional collection of reports from Shanghai, China.ResultsFor WHO‐ART critical terms such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis and hypoglycaemia outlier removal led to a 25–50% increase in the number of Statistics of Disproportionate Reporting (SDR) and gains in time to detection of 1–2 years, while keeping the rate of spurious SDRs from the parallel analysis at 1%. Twenty‐three per cent of VigiBase and 18% of Shanghai SRS reports listed an influential outlier. Twenty‐seven per cent of the ADRs and 5% of the drugs in VigiBase, and 2% of the ADRs and 3% of the drugs in Shanghai SRS were involved in an outlier. The overall increase in the number of SDRs for both datasets was 3%.ConclusionMasking by outliers has substantial impact on specific ADRs including, in VigiBase, rhabdomyolysis, myocardial infarction and hypoglycaemia. It is a local phenomenon involving a fair number of reports but yielding a limited number of additional SDRs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of an algorithm to identify antiretroviral‐naïve status at time of entry into a large, observational cohort of HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Gandhi Neel R. , Tate Janet P. , Rodriguez‐Barradas Maria C. , Rimland David , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Gibert Cynthia , Brown Sheldon T. , Mattocks Kristin , Justice Amy C. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeLarge, observational HIV cohorts play an important role in answering questions which are difficult to study in randomized trials; however, they often lack detailed information regarding previous antiretroviral treatment (ART). Knowledge of ART treatment history is important when ascertaining the long‐term impact of medications, co‐morbidities, or adverse reactions on HIV outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study to validate a prediction algorithm for identifying ART‐naïve patients using the Veterans Aging Cohort Study's Virtual Cohort—an observational cohort of 40 594 HIV‐infected veterans nationwide. Medical records for 3070 HIV‐infected patients were reviewed to determine history of combination ART treatment. An algorithm using Virtual Cohort laboratory data was used to predict ART treatment status and compared to medical record review.ResultsAmong 3070 patients' medical records reviewed, 1223 were eligible for analysis. Of these, 990 (81%) were ART naïve at cohort entry based on medical record review. The prediction algorithm's sensitivity was 86%, specificity 47%, positive predictive value (PPV) 87%, and negative predictive value 45%, using a viral load threshold of <400 copies/ml. Sensitivity analysis revealed that PPV would be maximized by increasing the viral load threshold, whereas sensitivity would be maximized by lowering the viral load threshold.ConclusionsA prediction algorithm using available laboratory data can be used to accurately identify ART‐naïve patients in large, observational HIV cohorts. Use of this algorithm will allow investigators to accurately limit analyses to ART‐naïve patients when studying the contribution of ART to outcomes and adverse events. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ventricular Ectopy and QTc‐Interval Prolongation Associated with Dronedarone Therapy
Authors: Gonzalez Jaime E. , Sauer William H. , Krantz Mori J. 
Published: July 2013

Amiodarone is an effective treatment for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, but its use is limited by a toxic adverse‐effect profile. Although dronedarone has been touted as an antiarrhythmic agent devoid of both solid organ toxicity and proarrhythmic properties, its potential for prolonging ventricular repolarization may augment triggered ectopy. We describe a 66‐year‐old man who began dronedarone 400 mg twice/day for new‐onset paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; he had no left ventricular dysfunction or clinical heart failure. Three months after starting the drug, he complained of malaise, fatigue, and rare palpitations. Twenty four–hour Holter monitoring revealed increased premature ventricular complexes, and the rate‐corrected QT (QTc) interval was prolonged (range 525–760 msec). Dronedarone was discontinued and the patient's symptoms gradually resolved over the next 3 weeks. Holter monitoring revealed a marked reduction in ventricular ectopy burden, and the QTc interval decreased to his baseline values. Even in the absence of documented symptomatic torsade de pointes, this case suggests that caution should be exercised when prescribing dronedarone and that serial QTc interval monitoring may be appropriate. In addition, clinicians should have a low threshold to perform Holter monitoring if symptoms develop during dronedarone therapy.
Quantum efficiency of InAs/InP nanowire heterostructures grown on silicon substrates
Authors: Anufriev Roman , Chauvin Nicolas , Khmissi Hammadi , Naji Khalid , Patriarche Gilles , Gendry Michel , Bru‐Chevallier Catherine 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imagePhotoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (QE) is experimentally investigated, using an integrating sphere, as a function of excitation power on both InAs/InP quantum rod nanowires (QRod‐NWs) and radial quantum well nanowires (QWell‐NWs) grown on silicon substrates. The measured values of the QE are compared with those of the planar analogues such as quantum dash and quantum well samples, and found to be comparable for the quantum well structures at relatively low power density. Further studies reveal that the values of QE of the QRod‐NWs and QWell‐NWs are limited by the low quality of the InP NW structure and the quality of radial quantum well, respectively. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heat flow and a faster algorithm to compute the surface area of a convex body
Authors: Belkin Mikhail , Narayanan Hariharan , Niyogi Partha 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe draw on the observation that the amount of heat diffusing outside of a heated body in a short period of time is proportional to its surface area, to design a simple algorithm for approximating the surface area of a convex body given by a membership oracle. Our method has a complexity of O*(n4), where n is the dimension, compared to O*(n8) for the previous best algorithm. We show that our complexity cannot be improved given the current state‐of‐the‐art in volume estimation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 43, 407–428, 2013
Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 inhibits chondrogenesis of synovial mesenchymal progenitor cells: An in vitro study
Authors: Harris Quinn , Seto Jonathan , O'Brien Kate , Lee Poh S. , Kondo Colleen , Heard Bryan J. , Hart David A. , Krawetz Roman J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial, often progressive, painful disease. OA often progresses with an apparent irreversible loss of articular cartilage, exposing underlying bone, resulting in pain and loss of mobility. This cartilage loss is thought to be permanent due to ineffective repair and apparent lack of stem/progenitor cells in that tissue. However, the adjacent synovial lining and synovial fluid are abundant with mesenchymal progenitor/stem cells (synovial mesenchymal progenitor cells [sMPCs]) capable of differentiating into cartilage both in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have demonstrated that MPCs can home to factors such as monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1/CCL2) expressed after injury. While MCP-1 (and its corresponding receptors) appears to play a role in recruiting stem cells to the site of injury, in this study, we have demonstrated that MCP-1 is upregulated in OA synovial fluid and that exposure to MCP-1 activates sMPCs, while concurrently inhibiting these cells from undergoing chondrogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, exposure to physiological (OA knee joint synovial fluid) levels of MCP-1 triggers changes in the transcriptome of sMPCs and prolonged exposure to the chemokine induces the expression of MCP-1 in sMPCs, resulting in a positive feedback loop from which sMPCs cannot apparently escape. Therefore, we propose a model where MCP-1 (normally expressed after joint injury) recruits sMPCs to the area of injury, but concurrently triggers changes in sMPC transcriptional regulation, leading to a blockage in the chondrogenic program. These results may open up new avenues of research into the lack of endogenous repair observed after articular cartilage injury and/or arthritis.
Insulin and igfs enhance hepatocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells via the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Magner Nataly L. , Jung Yunjoon , Wu Jian , Nolta Jan A. , Zern Mark A. , Zhou Ping 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be progressively differentiated into definitive endoderm (DE), hepatic progenitors, and hepatocytes, and thus provide an excellent model system for the mechanistic study of hepatocyte differentiation, which is currently poorly understood. Here, we found that insulin enhanced hepatocyte differentiation from hESC-derived DE. Insulin activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, but not the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the DE cells, and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathways by inhibitors markedly inhibited hepatocyte differentiation. In addition, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and IGF2 also activated the PI3K/AKT pathway in DE cells and their expression was robustly upregulated during hepatocyte differentiation from DE. Furthermore, inhibition of IGF receptor 1 (IGF1R) by a small molecule inhibitor PPP or knockdown of the IGF1R by shRNA attenuated hepatocyte differentiation. Moreover, simultaneous knockdown of the IGF1R and the insulin receptor with shRNAs markedly reduced the activation of AKT and substantially impaired hepatocyte differentiation. The PI3K pathway specifically enhanced the expression of HNF1 and HNF4 to regulate hepatocyte differentiation from DE. Although inhibition of the PI3K pathway was previously shown to be required for the induction of DE from hESCs, our study revealed a positive role of the PI3K pathway in hepatocyte differentiation after the DE stage, and has advanced our understanding of hepatocyte cell fate determination.
Analysis of lip motion change arising as a result of amusement feeling
Authors: Kageyama Yoichi , Momose Atsushi , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Ishii Masaki , Nishida Makoto , Mohemmed Ammar , Kasabov Nikola 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis letter develops a novel algorithm for lip motion analysis arising as a result of feeling amused after watching television comedy programs as emotion‐eliciting stimuli. The analysis is based on measuring the variance of new lip motion features extracted from pronouncing some sentences after watching the stimuli. The results of the conducted experiment show that these features can serve as eﬃcient indices for determining the occurrence of amusement feelings. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transport sector in Ireland: can 2020 national policy targets drive indigenous biofuel production to success?
Authors: Gusciute Egle , Devlin Ger , Murphy Fionnuala , McDonnell Kevin 
Published: July 2013

Ireland's transport sector consumes just slightly less than one third of all energy in Ireland and is heavily dependent on oil imports, especially diesel. The European Union has set targets that are to be met by 2020, in order to guarantee a sustainable future for Europe and assure security of energy supply. There is an increase of biofuel usage in the transport sector, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and encourage indigenous production of renewable sources. Currently, Ireland has only two licensed suppliers of biodiesel. The Irish government has issued a number of policy support mechanisms, and while that has increased the use of biofuels in Ireland, it has not necessarily aided the domestic suppliers of biofuels. The aim of this paper is to detail the existing policies and support mechanisms in Ireland and to examine whether it is possible for Ireland to produce biofuels indigenously while meeting the 2020 targets and competing with the alternative conventional imports. Alternatives to the current supply scenario will be considered, including alternatives such as electric vehicles, recovered waste vegetable oils, and grass gasification for biomethane for natural gas vehicles.This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Economics and Policy
A Luminescent Silver(I) Metal‐Organic Framework with New (4,6)‐Connected Topology Based on Mixed Tetrachlorotereph­thalate and 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Chun , Cai Xiao‐Xiao , Zhang Zhi‐Hui , Yan Qi , He Ming‐Yang , Tian Feng , Gao Jian , Chen Qun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA silver(I) coordination polymer with mixed 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate (BDC‐Cl4) and 2,2′‐bipyridine (2,2′‐bpy) ligands, [Ag2(BDC‐Cl4)(2,2′‐bpy)]n (1), was synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 features a robust three‐dimensional (3D) network, exhibiting a new (4,6)‐connected net with the Schläfli symbol of (32·42·5·6)2(32·42·52·87·9·10). The photoluminescence properties of 1 were investigated in the solid state at room temperature.
Estimating health expectancy in presence of missing data: an application using HID survey
Authors: Giudici Cristina , Arezzo Maria Felice , Brouard Nicolas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this article we estimate health transition probabilities using longitudinal data collected in France for the survey on handicaps, disabilities and dependencies from 1998 to 2001. Life expectancies with and without disabilities are estimated using a Markov-based multi-state life table approach with two non-absorbing states: able to perform all activities of daily living (ADLs) and unable or in need of help to perform one or more ADLs, and the absorbing state of death. The loss of follow-up between the two waves induces biases in the probabilities estimates: mortality estimates were biased upwards; also the incidence of recovery and the onset of disability seemed to be biased. Since individuals were not missing completely at random, we correct this bias by estimating health status for drop-outs using a non parametric model. After imputation, we found that at the age of 70 disability-free life expectancy decreases by 0.5 years, whereas the total life expectancy increases by 1 year. The slope of the stable prevalence increases, but it remains lower than the slope of the cross sectional prevalence. The gender differences on life expectancy did not change significantly after imputation. Globally, there is no evidence of a general reduction in ADL disability, as defined in our study. The added value of the study is the reduction of the bias induced by sample attrition.