bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cryopreservation of canine semen: the effect of two extender variants on the quality and antioxidant properties of spermatozoa
Authors: Strzeżek R. , Koziorowska-Gilun M. , Stawiszyńska M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of two variants of Tris-citric acid-fructose (TCF) extender containing whole hen egg yolk (TCF-HEY) and lyophilized lipoprotein fractions extracted from ostrich egg yolk (TCF-LPFo) on selected biological properties of cryopreserved sperm cells. Post-thaw percentage of motile sperm (MOT) was significantly higher (P<0.05) for TCF-HEY extender (66.3 ± 3.2%) than for TCF-LPFoextender (52.4 ± 3.4%). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the percentage of sperm with progressive motility (PMOT). Both diluents effectively preserved sperm plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial function. However, it was observed that cryopreservation impaired the functionality of antioxidant sperm enzymes. The above was manifested by reduced SOD activity, in particular in samples preserved in the TCF-HEY extender, as well as decreased GPx activity. Both diluents inhibited the rate of lipid peroxidation in sperm plasma membrane during freezing-thawing. Our results suggest that LPFois a satisfactory alternative to hen egg yolk in the extender used for canine sperm cryopreservation.
“An equitable right to be compensated”: The Dispossession of the Aboriginal Peoples of Quebec and the Emergence of a New Legal Rationale (1760–1860)
Authors: Beaulieu Alain 
Published: March 2013

Abstract: At the conquest of New France, the British had already built a long tradition of purchasing Aboriginal land. This policy, made official in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, was implemented in an extensive portion of the Canadian territory, but not in the Saint Lawrence Valley, heart of the former French empire in America, and what is now the province of Quebec. The British, followed by the Canadian government, adopted a policy of unilateral land appropriation in that area, dispossessing the Aboriginals without reliance on a treaty system. This particularity of the Indian land policy in Quebec has given rise to divergent interpretations that rest on the same implicit premise that a structuring legal framework existed, which, when reconstituted, gives meaning to history, either by legitimizing the unilateral dispossession process or by stigmatizing it. This article attempts to locate the process of dispossessing Aboriginal land outside the normative framework imposed by the law. The objective is not to identify a standard to explain why the British did not conclude treaties, but rather to follow a process of legal standardization, in which colonial practice is inscribed, through trial and error, detours, shifts in meaning, and improvisations into a legitimizing framework.
Morphometry and performance of Black Bengal goats at the rural community level in Bangladesh
Authors: Choudhury MP , Sarker SC , Islam F , Ali A , Bhuiyan AKFH , Ibrahim MNM , Okeyo AM 
Published: March 2013

Data on morphometrics and performance of 106 Black Bengal goats were collected through an in-depth monitoring survey conducted in 73 families of Gangatia, Borachala and Pachpai villages of Bhaluka Upazila, Mymensingh, Bangladesh using a structured questionnaire. Analyses of variance were performed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure under Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14.0. Differences between mean values were separated using Duncuns Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Body weight of goats significantly (p<0.001) differed with age classes and body condition scores. Average body weight of Black Bengal goat was 14.47±0.48 kg. Body length at was 46.01±0.66 cm. Chest girth significantly (p<0.001) differed with age classes and body condition scores. Average chest girth of Black Bengal goat was 56.10±0.60 cm. Wither height significantly (p<0.001) differed with age classes and body size. Average wither height of Black Bengal goat was 46.41±0.36 cm. Scrotal length and scrotal circumference did not significantly (p>0.05) differ with age classes, villages and body condition. The number of services needed for each conception of Solid Black, Toggenburg pattern and Brown Bezoar goats were 1.32±0.31, 1.08±0.22, 1.25±0.31, 1.01±0.26 and 1.23±0.27, respectively. The lowest kidding interval was observed in Borachala village (169.80±38.11 days) and in Solid Black goats (176.71±36.17 days). The highest litter size was found in does (1.68±0.39) of Gangatia village (1.67±0.51) and in Solid Black goats (1.67±0.54). The lowest abortion rate was found in Solid Black goats (6.14%). The lowest kid mortality was observed in Solid Black goats (10.00%). Variation observed in morphometric and production traits of indigenous Black Bengal goats indicated an opportunity for their improvement through an in-situ pure breeding program.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14122 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 83-89
Socio-economic profile of duck farmers and duck management practices in Rajshahi region
Authors: Alam MB , Uddin ABMS , Bablu MAZH , Kamaly MHK , Rahaman MM 
Published: March 2013

The present study was conducted to determine the socio-economic profiles of the duck farmers and to investigate the management practices of duck farming and to identify the problems of duck farming in two upazilas of Rajshahi district namely: Bagmara and Tanore during the period from April to May 2012 by using a pre-tested questionnaire. Socio-economic profile of the duck farmers like age, education, family size, occupation, marital status, farm size, training received, annual income and management practices particularly housing, feeding, breeding, cleaning, disposal of diseased/dead birds, vaccination program, veterinary services followed by the farmers were investigated during the research. A total of 100 duck (50 from each upazila) were selected randomly for this study. The results reveal that most of the respondent farmers were young (60%) having secondary level of education (69%). Family size of the most of the farmers (57%) were small (size 4.53 persons) and majority of the farmers (75%) were marginal (0.021-020 hectare). Most of the farmers were medium income group (57%) with mean annual income of Tk. 200500. About 42% farmers had training on farming of different duration (7 to 30 d). Highest proportion of the duck houses were made of tin-shed (74%) having necessary floor space for ducks. The data obtained illustrated that majority of the farmers (74%) used sufficient supplementary feed to their ducks. About 65% of the farmers reared Deshi ducks in their farms. Most of the farmers (70%) cleaned their farm houses regularly. About 73% farmers separated their diseased duck from healthy ones. It was also found that most of the farmers (89%) buried their dead ducks under soil. Data indicated that majority of the farmers (67%) had partial idea about duck diseases. The highest proportion of the farmers (72%) followed vaccination program strictly. About 71% farmers consulted with village doctor. Nearly 51% farmers had low level of knowledge about duck farming. In the present study 10 problems were identified out of which low price of duck meat and egg made ranked as most serious problems. If the problems are addressed properly, the duck raising could be more profitable business in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14124Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 96-105
Small scale broiler farming at Santhia upazilla of Pabna District of Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana F , Khatun H , Islam A 
Published: March 2013

The experiment was conducted for profiling the existing broiler farming at Santhia upazilla under Pabna District during the period from February to March, 2012. Data were collected using an interview schedule from 50 randomly selected respondents who were involved in broiler farming. In this study out of 50 respondents 60% were engaged in agriculture, 36% businessman and 4% were in services. About 48% respondents had small size farms (100-500 birds), 40% had medium (501-1000 birds) and remaining were large size (1001-2000 birds). Most of the respondents reared Cobb-500 strain, those were purchased from Kazi Farms Ltd. Out of 50 respondents 30% took necessary suggestions from the experienced farmers, 90% farmers regularly vaccinated their broilers and 70% farmers taken short training on broiler farming. About 78% respondents considered market weight as 1.5 kg per bird, whereas the rest 22% sold broiler weighing about 1.8 kg per bird. Most of the respondents (64%) sold broiler at 30-33 d of age and about 80% respondents marketing their broiler at 110-115 taka per kg live bird. About 36% respondents had production cost approximately 90-95 taka per kg bird. In this study, about 36% respondents reported more marketing age of birds, 32% reported higher cost of production and 30% reported lack of training facilities. In conclusion, the result of present study could be considered useful to farmers and researchers to identify the overall problems and their remedies on management and marketing related to broiler production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14129Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 116-119
Scope of common DNA based methods for the study of rumen bacterial population
Authors: Shakira G , Mirza IH , Latif A 
Published: March 2013

Innovative methods in relation to rumen microbiology are mainly focused on the study of rumen microbial population. Rumen ecosystem is highly responsive to changes in diet, age, antibiotic use, health of the host animal, which varies according to geographical location, season, and feeding scheme. Until recently, knowledge of rumen fermentation was primarily studied using classical culture-based techniques, such as isolation, enumeration and nutritional characterization, which probably only account for 10 to 20% of the rumen microbial biomass. An increase in bacterial numbers recovered from the rumen is the most reproducible effect of dietary yeast supplementation, and it has been recognized that the increased bacterial population especially cellulolytic bacteria is central to the action of the yeast in improving ruminant productivity . Many DNA based methods have described the diet dependent shift in the diversity of rumen bacterial population. This paper is primarily aimed to see different DNA based methods for study rumen bacterial population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14134Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 141-146
« Faire l'Algérie agréable ». Tourisme et colonisation en Algérie des années 1870 à 1962
Authors: Zytnicki Colette 
Published: March 2013

Sillonnée par les voyageurs depuis le milieu de XIX e siècle, l’Algérie devient par la suite une destination touristique prisée par les hiverneurs et les touristes. Au tournant du XX e siècle, milieux d’affaires locaux et autorités coloniales mettent en place des structures destinées à favoriser l’essor du tourisme dans le pays. Pour les uns et les autres, le tourisme est à la fois une source de richesse potentielle pour la colonie, mais également une caisse de résonance de « l’œuvre française » en Algérie. Les militaires quant à eux prennent en main le développement de l’activité du tourisme au Sahara. Toutefois, malgré les efforts consentis – qui restent cependant modestes au regard des ambitions affichées –, le tourisme peine à se développer. La tentative d’implanter un tourisme populaire après la Seconde Guerre mondiale ne rencontre pas non plus le succès attendu. C’est à l’étude des politiques déployées en matière de tourisme qu’est consacré cet article, qui se veut une (modeste) contribution à l’étude des sociétés coloniales.
An Empirical Constitutive Correlation for Regular Jugged Discontinuity of Rock Surfaces
Authors: Yang Bin , Mo Sihao , Wu Ping , He Chaoqing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a physical investigation and mathematical analysis on mechanical behavior of the regular jugged discontinuity. In particular, we focus on the creep property of structural plane with various slope angles under different normal stress through shear creep tests of structural plane under shear stresses. According to the test results, the shear creep property of structural plane was described and the creep velocity and long-term strength of the structural plane during shear creep were also investigated. An empirical formula is finally established to evaluate shear strength of discontinuity and a modified Burger model was proposed to represent the shear deformation property during creep.
In vitro Characterization of Oritavancin Clearance from Human Blood by Low-Flux, High-Flux, and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy Dialyzers
Authors: Kumar Atul , Mann Henry J. , Keshtgarpour Mani , Flynn Michael A. , Deng Hong , Far Adel Rafai , Parr Thomas R. , Moriarty Susan R. 
Published: March 2013

Background Oritavancin is an investigational lipoglycopeptide antibiotic under clinical development for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections. The impact of hemodialysis on plasma concentrations of oritavancin is unknown and may be important in making dosage adjustments in such patients. The present study sought to determine the clearance of oritavancin from human blood by various commercially available dialyzers in an in vitro hemodialysis model. Methods Three types each of low-flux (Dicea 130, F6, and Polyflux 14L) and high-flux (Revaclear, Exeltra 150, and Optiflux F160NR) dialyzers and one type of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) dialyzer (Prismaflex M100) were studied. Heparinized human blood containing oritavancin (200 mg/L) was circulated from a reservoir to the dialyzers and back to the reservoir. Fresh dialysate was pumped through the dialyzers in a countercurrent manner. Blood samples from each side of the dialyzers and contaminated dialysate samples were collected at periodic intervals. Oritavancin levels were analyzed by a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method with a limit of quantification of 12.5 ng/mL and plasma clearances of oritavancin were calculated. Results The mean dialytic clearance of oritavancin was insignificant for each of the low-flux, high-flux and CRRT dialyzers. Clinically significant amounts of oritavancin were not detected in dialysate during any of the experimental dialysis sessions. Conclusions The clearance of oritavancin from human blood by the dialyzers used in this study is insignificant. Further clinical studies would be required before making changes in dosage of oritavancin in hemodialysis patients.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Interhospital Transfer of Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients: A 5-year Experience
Authors: Isgrò Stefano , Patroniti Nicolò , Bombino Michela , Marcolin Roberto , Zanella Alberto , Milan Manuela , Foti Giuseppe , Pesenti Antonio 
Published: March 2013

Purpose Transfer of severely hypoxic patients is a high-risk procedure. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) allows safe transport of these patients to tertiary care institutions. Our ECMO transportation program was instituted in 2004; here we report results after 5 years of activity. Methods This is a clinical observational study. Criteria for ECMO center activation were: potentially reversibile respiratory failure, PaO2 <50 mmHg with FiO2 >0.6 for >12 hours, PEEP >5 cmH20, Lung Injury Score (LIS) ≥3 or respiratory acidosis with pH <7.2, no intracranial bleeding, and no absolute contraindication to anticoagulation. If eligible, a skilled crew applied ECMO at the referral hospital. Transportation was performed with a specially equipped ambulance. Results Sixteen patients were possible candidates for ECMO transfer. Two patients were excluded while 14 (mean±SD, age 35.4±18.6, SOFA 8.4±3.7, Oxygenation Index 43.7±13.4) were transported to our institution (distance covered 102±114 km, global duration of transport 589±186 minutes). Two patients improved after iNO-trial and were transferred and subsequently managed without ECMO. The remaining 12 patients were transferred on veno-venous ECMO with extracorporeal blood flow 2.7±1 L·min−1, gas flow 3.8±1.8 L·min−1, and FiO2 1. Data were recorded 30 minutes before and 60 minutes after initiation of ECMO. ECMO improved PCO2 (75±23 vs. 53±9 mmHg, p<0.01) thus improving pH (7.28±0.13 vs. 7.39±0.05, p<0.01) and allowing a reduction in respiratory rate (35±14 vs. 10±4 breaths/min, p<0.01), minute ventilation (10.1±3.8 vs. 3.7±1.7 L·min−1, p<0.01), and mean airway pressure (26±6.5 vs. 22±5 cmH2O, p<0.01). No major clinical or technical complications were observed. Conclusions ECMO effectively enabled high-risk ground transfer of severely hypoxic patients.
Core‐Brominated Tetraazaperopyrenes as n‐Channel Semiconductors for Organic Complementary Circuits on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Geib Sonja , Zschieschang Ute , Gsänger Marcel , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank , Wadepohl Hubert , Klauk Hagen , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrganic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) are prepared by vacuum deposition and solution shearing of 2,9‐bis(perfluoroalkyl)‐substituted tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) with bromine substituents at the aromatic core. The TAPP derivatives are synthesized by reacting known unsubstituted TAPPs with bromine in fuming sulphuric acid, and their electrochemical properties are studied in detail by cyclic voltammetry and modelled with density functional theory (DFT) methods. Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energies and electron affinities indicate that the core‐brominated TAPPs should exhibit n‐channel semiconducting properties. Current‐voltage characteristics of the TFTs established electron mobilities of up to μn = 0.032 cm2 V−1 s−1 for a derivative which was subsequently processed in the fabrication of a complementary ring oscillator on a flexible plastic substrate (PEN).
Survival of rockhopper penguins in times of global climate change
Authors: Dehnhard Nina , Poisbleau Maud , Demongin Laurent , Ludynia Katrin , Lecoq Miguel , Masello Juan F. , Quillfeldt Petra 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Anthropogenic changes in the marine environment and global climate change have led to population declines in several seabird species worldwide. Rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome and Eudyptes moseleyi) have experienced a dramatic population decline, potentially linked to increasing sea surface temperatures (SST). Among Southern Ocean diving seabirds, rockhopper penguins typically occupy a low trophic level, and might therefore be expected to mirror climate‐driven bottom‐up changes to the food web sensitively and on a short time scale.
Using passive integrated transponders, survival rates of adults in a colony of southern rockhopper penguins (E. chrysocome) on the Falkland Islands were monitored over five consecutive years. Mean annual survival rates were in the range 84 to 96%.
These values are high compared with other crested penguin species and reflect the generally good conditions during the study period, when low SST prevailed. However, survival rates were lower in 2010, corresponding to very cold conditions. Curve fits showed a best‐fit quadratic relationship between average SST anomaly and survival rates for the present data, as well as for a data set including two additional years from a different study at Staten Island.
Results of this study suggest that rockhopper penguins survive best at SSTs that are lower than the average of the last four decades. In accordance with previously observed rockhopper penguin population declines, the present data suggest that rockhopper penguins are highly sensitive to changes in SST and their effects on the food web, a worrying perspective in times of global climate change. It seems likely that these changes could, in the long term, also affect population trends of other seabird species with similar ecological preferences.
The most promising conservation approach should aim at enhancing ecosystem resilience, mainly by reducing industrial fishing and oil exploitation. This would allow the currently over‐exploited fish and squid stocks to recover, offering larger food resources to seabirds and other vertebrate species. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed modeling of human influenza a virus–host cell interactions during vaccine production
Authors: Müller Thomas , Dürr Robert , Isken Britta , Schulze‐Horsel Josef , Reichl Udo , Kienle Achim 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis contribution is concerned with population balance modeling of virus–host cell interactions during vaccine production. Replication of human influenza A virus in cultures of adherent Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells is considered as a model system. The progress of infection can be characterized by the intracellular amount of viral nucleoprotein (NP) which is measured via flow cytometry. This allows the differentiation of the host cell population and gives rise to a distributed modeling approach. For this purpose a degree of fluorescence is introduced as an internal coordinate which is linearly linked to the intracellular amount of NP. Experimental results for different human influenza A subtypes reveal characteristic dynamic phenomena of the cell distribution like transient multimodality and reversal of propagation direction. The presented population balance model provides a reasonable explanation for these dynamic phenomena by the explicit consideration of different states of infection of individual cells. Kinetic parameters are determined from experimental data. To translate the emerging infinite dimensional parameter estimation problem to a finite dimension the parameters are assumed to depend linearly on the internal coordinate. As a result, the model is able to reproduce all characteristic dynamic phenomena of the considered process for the two examined virus strains and allows deeper insight into the underlying kinetic processes. Thus, the model is an important contribution to the understanding of the intracellular virus replication and virus spreading in cell cultures and can serve as a stepping stone for optimization in vaccine production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2252–2266. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An ultra scale‐down approach to study the interaction of fermentation, homogenization, and centrifugation for antibody fragment recovery from rec E. coli
Authors: Li Qiang , Mannall Gareth J. , Ali Shaukat , Hoare Mike 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEscherichia coli is frequently used as a microbial host to express recombinant proteins but it lacks the ability to secrete proteins into medium. One option for protein release is to use high‐pressure homogenization followed by a centrifugation step to remove cell debris. While this does not give selective release of proteins in the periplasmic space, it does provide a robust process. An ultra scale‐down (USD) approach based on focused acoustics is described to study rec E. coli cell disruption by high‐pressure homogenization for recovery of an antibody fragment (Fab′) and the impact of fermentation harvest time. This approach is followed by microwell‐based USD centrifugation to study the removal of the resultant cell debris. Successful verification of this USD approach is achieved using pilot scale high‐pressure homogenization and pilot scale, continuous flow, disc stack centrifugation comparing performance parameters such as the fraction of Fab′ release, cell debris size distribution and the carryover of cell debris fine particles in the supernatant. The integration of fermentation and primary recovery stages is examined using USD monitoring of different phases of cell growth. Increasing susceptibility of the cells to disruption is observed with time following induction. For a given recovery process this results in a higher fraction of product release and a greater proportion of fine cell debris particles that are difficult to remove by centrifugation. Such observations are confirmed at pilot scale. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013 9999:XX–XX. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 2150–2160. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.