bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design considerations for mesoporous silica nanoparticulate systems in facilitating biomedical applications
Authors: Desai Diti , Karaman Didem Sen , Prabhakar Neeraj , Tadayon Sina , Duchanoy Alain , Toivola Diana M. , Rajput Sadhana , Näreoja Tuomas , Rosenholm Jessica M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have advanced to the forefront of multifunctional nanoparticulate systems in nanomedicine, owing to this highly fexible materials platform enabling a multitude of design options, often in a modular fashion. Drug delivery ability, detectability via diferent imaging modalities, and stimuliresponsiveness are often combined into one particle system. Very sophisticated and versatile designs along with impressive demonstrations of applicability have been reported to date, but a common ground when it comes to some critical considerations valid for any nanoparticle intended for biomedical purposes is lacking to some degree. In this study, we attempt to take a glance at some of the most crucial aspects of biomedical nanoparticulate design and relate how they apply specifically toMSNs. These considerations include fuorophore labeling and leaching with respect to immobilization to MSNs, the surrounding conditions, carrier biodegradability, and surface coating. Surface modifcation strategies and surface charge tuning are further considered in conjunction to the relative amount of cellular uptake and serum protein adsorption. Cellular internalization routes and biological techniques used to evaluate especially in vitro biobehavior are discussed. Our attempt is hereby to draw attention to some of the most frequently occurring issues to be considered in the design of MSN systems for biomedical applications
Diet-Derived MicroRNAs: Separating the Dream from Reality
Authors: Cottrill Katherine A. , Chan Stephen Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground: Both pleiotropic and ubiquitous, microRNAs (miRNAs) exert control over a wide range of cellular functions. They have been detected in virtually every extracellular fluid in the mammalian body, and many circulate substantial anatomical distances in plasma. Thus, secreted miRNAs are valuable not only as diagnostic tools but also may serve as novel biological effectors that can be transmitted between source and recipient tissue.Design: This review will discuss the possibility of delivering functional miRNAs from exogenously derived dietary sources. We will examine prior research interrogating the existence and relevance of such a mechanism.Findings: Recent findings have reported cross-kingdom transfer of specific plant-derived miRNAs to mammalian tissue following consumption of plant-based foods. These exogenous miRNAs were reported to be active in the recipient organisms, directing changes in gene expression at distant organ sites. In spite of this, subsequent studies have been unable to find evidence of substantial exogenous diet-derived miRNAs in mammalian circulation or tissues, regardless of diet.Conclusion: Further examination of diet-derived miRNA uptake is ongoing, but it does not appear that horizontal delivery of miRNAs via normal dietary intake is a generalizable or frequent process to maintain robust expression of these miRNAs in most higher-order animal organisms.
Extended Technology Acceptance Model for SPSS Acceptance among Slovenian Students of Social Sciences
Authors: Brezavšček Alenka , Šparl Petra , Žnidaršič Anja 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background and Purpose - IBM SPSS Statistics is among the most widely used programs for statistical analysis in social sciences. Due to many practical values it is frequently used as a tool for teaching statistical concepts in many social science university programs. In our opinion, motivation to learn and to use SPSS during the studying process plays a significant role in building a positive attitude towards SPSS which influences its usage at the professional level after finishing study.
Design/Methodology/Approach - The aim of this paper is the development of the model for analysing the acceptance of the SPSS among university students of social sciences. The model is based on the widely known Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). In addition to the traditional components of the TAM, six external variables were included. The model is tested using the web survey on the university students of social sciences from seven faculties at three Slovenian universities.
Results - The evaluation of the questionnaire was performed. Descriptive statistics were calculated. The dependencies among the model components were studied and the significant dependencies were pointed out.
Conclusion - The results of the empirical study prove that all external variables considered in the model are relevant, and directly influence both key components of the traditional TAM, ≫Perceived Usefulness≪ and ≫Perceived Ease of Use≪. Therefore, our model is useful to study the adoption and continuous utilization of SPSS among the students of social sciences. The obtained results are useful for educators, and can help them to improve the learning process.
Richard Hooker “The Pelagian”. Is There A Case? Notes On The Christian Letter
Authors: Stafford John K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Richard Hooker explicitly rejected the charge of Pelagianism. In late 16th century Reformation England, this was no small charge. The extreme sensitivity of the question together with Puritan suspicions of actual or latent Catholic sympathies left Hooker on the defensive. This situation came together in the Christian Letter. Although Hooker’s marginalia is fragmentary, they reveal his considerable frustration at the question of his theological integrity. The anonymous author(s) of the Christian Letter attributed their suspicions to the density and ambiguity, as they saw the matter, of Hooker’s writing. For Hooker, this way of writing and thinking was simply what was needed in order to handle the subtleties of Christian theology, especially in times of religious disruption. Theology was not for him, a blunt instrument, but a reasoned and precise scalpel the wielding of which required a commensurate measure of skill to use properly. However, there were important points of departure between Hooker’s protagonist and his own outlook. The author of the Christian Letter had clearly set out to depict Hooker’s writing style as so excessively subtle and dependent on the Schoolmen that contrary motives might well lie behind it. If not Catholic, then Pelagian.
New Faunistic Records of the Subfamily Sympycninae (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) from Iran
Authors: Kazerani Farzaneh , Khaghaninia Samad , Grichanov Igor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFaunistic data is given for 4 species of the subfamily Sympycninae, new to the fauna of Iran. The specimens were collected in north-western Iran during 2013. The following species are recorded for the first time in this country: Campsicnemus curvipes (Fallén, 1823), C. umbripennis Loew, 1856, Sympycnus pulicarius (Fallén, 1823) and Syntormon pumilus (Meigen, 1824). The genus Campsicnemus Haliday, 1851 is newly reported from the country. Lists of the genera and species along with diagnostic characters, geographical distribution and supplementary figures of the species in question are given.
Influence of prednisone on serum level of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and interleukin-1 beta, in active pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Rybacka-Chabros Barabara , Pietrzak Aldona , Milanowski Janusz , Chabros Paweł 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and interleukin-1 beta modulate the interaction between T-cells and macrophages and play the key role in immune defense in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Several studies have demonstrated that corticosteroids may improve clinical conditions of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. Aim. The aim of the study was a potential impact of prednisone on the early immune response in HIV-negative young adults with active pulmonary tuberculosis, during the first four weeks of treatment. Material and methods. The study included 38 adults, aged 18-39 years, with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The first group of patients received only anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy whereas the second group of patients was administered antituberculosis chemotherapy and 20 mg prednisone, once daily. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and interleukin 1-beta were measured using ELISA kits before treatment initiation as well after two and four weeks of treatment, in both study groups. Results. The highest serum levels of evaluated cytokines were observed before treatment initiation. Serum levels of cytokines were significantly decreased in patients who received anti-tuberculosis drugs and prednisone, compare to those not treated with prednisone (p<0.001), in all study periods. Conclusions. Adjunctive therapy, like 20 mg prednisone daily, remarkably inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines during the early stage of active pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-negative young adults, which is likely to be beneficial for this group of patients
The influence of chosen clinical and demografic factors on progress in reeducation of balance and walk of people after stroke
Authors: Dominika Flis , Bejer Agnieszka 
Published: May 2014

Streszczenie
Wstęp: Poprawa równowagi i odtworzenie funkcji chodu jest jednym z głównych celów rehabilitacji poudarowej. Celem pracy jest określenie w jakim stopniu czynniki takie jak rodzaj udaru, strona niedowładu, wiek, płeć oraz modyfikowalne czynniki ryzyka mogą wpływać na proces rehabilitacji.
Materiał i metody: Badano kolejno zgłaszających się do oddziału rehabilitacji chorych z niedowładem połowiczym po pierwszym udarze mózgu. Kwalifikowano chorych w okresie do 1 miesiąca od udaru, bez chorób przewlekłych poza czynnikami ryzyka udaru mózgu, uczestniczących w 4-tygodniowym programie usprawniania. Do badania zakwalifikowano 50 chorych (24 mężczyzn i 26 kobiet). Średni wiek badanych wynosił 63 lata. Oceniano równowagę i chód pacjentów za pomocą testu Tinetti.
Wyniki: Efekty rehabilitacji są istotnie lepsze w grupie osób z udarem krwotocznym (p=0,0057) oraz z niedowładem prawostronnym (p=0,0094). Najsilniej z liczbą czynników ryzyka skorelowana jest zmiana oceny chodu (R= -0,72), przeciętnie liczba czynników ryzyka wpływała na zmiany w zakresie równowagi (R= -0,56). Wiek w stopniu umiarkowanym wpływa na efekty rehabilitacji, w zakresie funkcji chodu (R = -0,52).
Wnioski: Lepsze wyniki rehabilitacji uzyskują osoby młodsze, z niedowładem prawostronnym oraz po udarze krwotocznym mózgu. Płeć nie wpływa na osiągane wyniki usprawniania. Większa liczba współwystępujących czynników ryzyka determinuje gorsze efekty rehabilitacji.
The Use of Ergonomics to Streamline Processe
Authors: Schindlerová Vladimíra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
At present, it is demanded more and more that the working conditions meet ergonomic principles. Most people have a sedentary job, and many of us spend many hours at the computer. This situation is related to the development of science and technology, and causes number of complications if the ergonomic principles are not observed. Research Institute of labour safety v.v.i. is engaged in examination, validation and application of methods of prevention of risks caused by work activities and endangering human health and the environment. This issue has already been addressed also in an engineering plant.
Carrying Capacity of Round Timber Bolted Joints with Steel Plates Under Static Loading / Únosnost Svorníkových Spojů Kulatiny S Vloženými Ocelovými Plechy Při Jednorázovém Statickém Namáhání
Authors: Lokaj Antonín , Klajmonová Kristýna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Aim of this article is in presentation of results of static tests of round timber bolted connections with steel plates. Round timber connections tests in tension were made on pressure machine EU100 in laboratory of the Faculty of Civil Engineering VSB-TU Ostrava. Results of laboratory tests have been statistically evaluated and completed by graphical records of deformation response on loading.
Behavior of the Intervertebral Disc Within the Motion Segment L3-L4 of The Human Spine Under Various Types of Physiological Load / Odozva Medzistavcovej Platničky V Rámci Pohybového Segmentu L3-L4 Ľudskej Chrbtice Na Rôzne Typy Fyziologického Zaťaženia
Authors: Minárová Mária , Sumec Jozef , Tješšová Mária 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with the biomechanical investigation on the motion segment - basic part of the human lumbar spine focused on the intervertebral disc response to the various types of load. It contains the description and the reason of the simplification of the model, the biomechanical laws; the mathematical treatment with the computational implementation added. The results are presented and discussed especially for the intervertebral disc.
Parametric Study on the Effects of Soil to Oscillation Velocity / Parametrická Studie Vlivu Typu Zeminy Na Amplitudu Rychlosti Kmitání
Authors: Petřík Tomáš , Hrubešová Eva , Stolárik Martin , Pinka Miroslav 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper focuses on the possibility of evaluating the influence of character of the soil to oscillations velocity induced dynamic loads. Mathematical modeling is used to solve the parametric study. Models are created in software Plaxis 2d based on finite element method. Dynamic load is based on experimental measurements on the stand in the area of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-TUO. Soil properties are determined from the normative indicative characteristics.
Determination of Concrete Cube Strength from Used Samples / Určení Krychelné Pevnosti Betonu U Použitých Zkušebních Trámců
Authors: Sucharda Oldřich , Mikolášek David , Brožovský Jiří 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with the determination of compressive strength of concrete. Cubes, cylinders and re-used test beams were tested. The concrete beams were first subjected to three-point or fourpoint bending tests and then used for determination of the compressive strength of concrete. Some concrete beams were reinforced, while others had no reinforcement. Accuracy of the experiments and calculations was verified in a non-linear analysis.
FcγRIIb on Myeloid Cells Rather than on B Cells Protects from Collagen-Induced Arthritis
Authors: Yilmaz-Elis A. Seda , Ramirez Javier Martin , Asmawidjaja Patrick , van der Kaa Jos , Mus Anne-Marie , Brem Maarten D. , Claassens Jill W. C. , Breukel Cor , Brouwers Conny , Mangsbo Sara M. , Boross Peter , Lubberts Erik , Verbeek J. Sjef 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Extensive analysis of a variety of arthritis models in germline KO mice has revealed that all four receptors for the Fc part of IgG (FcγR) play a role in the disease process. However, their precise cell type–specific contribution is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the specific role of the inhibiting FcγRIIb on B lymphocytes (using CD19Cre mice) and in the myeloid cell compartment (using C/EBPαCre mice) in the development of arthritis induced by immunization with either bovine or chicken collagen type II. Despite their comparable anti-mouse collagen autoantibody titers, full FcγRIIb knockout (KO), but not B cell–specific FcγRIIb KO, mice showed a significantly increased incidence and severity of disease compared with wild-type control mice when immunized with bovine collagen. When immunized with chicken collagen, disease incidence was significantly increased in pan-myeloid and full FcγRIIb KO mice, but not in B cell–specific KO mice, whereas disease severity was only significantly increased in full FcγRIIb KO mice compared with incidence and severity in wild-type control mice. We conclude that, although anti-mouse collagen autoantibodies are a prerequisite for the development of collagen-induced arthritis, their presence is insufficient for disease development. FcγRIIb on myeloid effector cells, as a modulator of the threshold for downstream Ab effector pathways, plays a dominant role in the susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis, whereas FcγRIIb on B cells, as a regulator of Ab production, has a minor effect on disease susceptibility.
miR-20b Suppresses Th17 Differentiation and the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Targeting RORγt and STAT3
Authors: Zhu Endong , Wang Xi , Zheng Bin , Wang Qian , Hao Jianlei , Chen Siming , Zhao Qiang , Zhao Liqing , Wu Zhenzhou , Yin Zhinan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe differentiation and function of IL-17–producing Th17 cells are tightly regulated by specific transcription factors and cytokines, which are the key participants in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Although specific miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the development of MS and EAE, the potential role of miRNAs in the context of Th17-driven autoimmunity is just beginning to be clarified. miR-20b has been reported as a downregulated miRNA in blood cells of MS patients. In this report, it was further studied in greater detail because we found it was significantly downregulated during EAE, and, in the in vitro differentiation model, Th17 cells had lower expression of miR-20b than did Th1, Th2, or inducible T regulatory cells. Ectopic expression of miR-20b repressed Th17 differentiation in vitro. Using lentiviral vectors for miR-20b overexpression in vivo, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR-20b led to decreased Th17 cells and reduced severity of EAE. Furthermore, we also identified both RAR-related orphan receptor γt and STAT3 as potential targets of miR-20b. Finally, we confirmed that the mild disease severity and low number of Th17 cells in LV-miR-20b–infected mice were largely reversed by coinfection of these mice with lentivirus-expressing RAR-related orphan receptor γt or STAT3 3′-untranslated regions. Taken together, our results contribute to the importance of miRNAs in Th17 differentiation and pathogenesis of MS and EAE.
The scale‐dependent slip pattern for a uniform fault model obeying the rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law
Authors: Wu Yan , Chen Xiaofei 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA uniform antiplane fault model obeying the rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law and surrounded by a steady‐slipping region with a constant loading rate is studied through quasi‐dynamic numerical method. Findings indicate that the model exhibits scale‐dependent slip characteristics. Previous studies have demonstrated that the fault slip pattern changes from aseismic creep or slow earthquakes to seismic instabilities as the fault length W increases from around the nucleation size hc to well above hc. In the latter, instabilities typically nucleate periodically from the center of the fault and develop into characteristic events after the whole fault reaches a background stress level. For a fault with larger W/hc, characteristic events nucleate near the boundary or alternatively from both sides before the entire fault returns to background level. As W/hc increases further, additional events with rupture size between hc and W appear. The number of small events is expected to increase with W/hc. The reason these small events do not rupture the whole fault is that the locked region forming on the fault when nucleation occurs acts as a large and low stress barrier. These small events continually create stress concentrations that serve as preparations for the next larger earthquake until the final characteristic event occurs. Meanwhile, the fault in this process gradually evolves into extreme sensitivity that any slight perturbation could change the original slip pattern. Although the current result is far from explaining the observed slip complexity on natural faults, it suggests a trend of increasing slip complexity with W/hc. Therefore, our understanding of the fault behavior may differ from previous knowledge that a relatively uniform and isolated fault model obeying the rate‐ and state‐dependent friction law only exhibits periodic or aperiodic system‐size events.
Direct Allylation of In Situ Generated Aldehyde Acyl Anions by Synergistic NHC and Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Ahire Milind M. , Mhaske Santosh B. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe direct regioselective allylation of in situ generated aldehyde acyl anions has been achieved by synergistic NHC and Pd catalysis. It provides an efficient access to valuable β,γ‐unsaturated ketones under mild reaction conditions starting from easily accessible allylic carbonates and aldehydes without any preactivation. The synergistic catalysis method demonstrated herein adds a new dimension to the area of metal‐mediated C allylation.
Selective Ablation of β‐Galactosidase‐Expressing Cells with a Rationally Designed Activatable Photosensitizer
Authors: Ichikawa Yuki , Kamiya Mako , Obata Fumiaki , Miura Masayuki , Terai Takuya , Komatsu Toru , Ueno Tasuku , Hanaoka Kenjiro , Nagano Tetsuo , Urano Yasuteru 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe have developed an activatable photosensitizer capable of specifically inducing the death of β‐galactosidase‐expressing cells in response to photoirradiation. By using a selenium‐substituted rhodol scaffold bearing β‐galactoside as a targeting substituent, we designed and synthesized HMDESeR‐βGal, which has a non‐phototoxic spirocyclic structure owing to the presence of the galactoside moiety. However, β‐galactosidase efficiently converted HMDESeR‐βGal into phototoxic HMDESeR, which exists predominantly in the open xanthene form. This structural change resulted in drastic recovery of visible‐wavelength absorption and the ability to generate singlet oxygen (1O2). When HMDESeR‐βGal was applied to larval Drosophila melanogaster wing disks, which express β‐galactosidase only in the posterior region, photoirradiation induced cell death in the β‐galactosidase‐expressing region with high specificity.
Direkte elektrochemische Speicherung und Freisetzung von Kohlendioxid unter der Verwendung eines Industriepigments: Chinacridon
Authors: Apaydin Dogukan Hazar , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Portenkirchner Engelbert , Sariciftci Niyazi Serdar 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDie Speicherung, Abtrennung und Nutzung von Kohlendioxid ist ein aktuelles und intensiv bearbeitetes Forschungsgebiet. In dieser Studie wird die kontrollierte Speicherung und Freisetzung von CO2 mithilfe eines industriellen Farbstoffs, Chinacridon, beschrieben. Eine elektrochemisch reduzierte Elektrode bestehend aus einem Chinacridonfilm (ca. 100 nm Dicke) auf ITO‐Träger bildet ein Chinacridon‐Carbonatsalz. Gebundenes CO2 kann durch elektrochemische Oxidation wieder freigesetzt werden. Die Menge an gebundenem CO2 wurde durch FT‐IR‐Spektroskopie quantifiziert. Die ermittelte Kapazität von 4.61 mmol CO2/g Chinacridon bei Raumtemperatur gehört zu den höchsten Werten für elektrochemische CO2‐Aufnahmen. Zum Vergleich bietet der industriell verwendete Amin‐Prozess eine Aufnahmekapazität von etwa 8 mmol g−1.
Organokatalytische oxidative Anellierung von Benzamid‐Derivaten mit Alkinen
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Antonchick Andrey P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEine organokatalytische Anellierung durch Funktionalisierung von Benzamid‐Derivaten mit Alkinen wurde entwickelt. Wir berichten über einem neuen Ansatz für Cycloadditionen unter Verwendung von einfachen Katalysatoren wie Iodbenzol und Peressigsäure als Oxidationsmittel. Diese milden Reaktionsbedingungen ermöglichen die einfache und schnelle Synthese von Isochinolonen. Eine bemerkenswerte Selektivität der Anellierung wurde für unsymmetrische disubstituierte Alkine demonstriert.
Polymerase Synthesis of Photocaged DNA Resistant against Cleavage by Restriction Endonucleases
Authors: Vaníková Zuzana , Hocek Michal 
Published: May 2014

Abstract5‐[(2‐Nitrobenzyl)oxymethyl]‐2′‐deoxyuridine 5′‐O‐triphosphate was used for polymerase (primer extension or PCR) synthesis of photocaged DNA that is resistant to the cleavage by restriction endonucleases. Photodeprotection of the caged DNA released 5‐hydroxymethyluracil‐modified nucleic acids, which were fully recognized and cleaved by restriction enzymes.