bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reporting of social determinants of health in pediatric dermatology clinical trials: a systematic review
Authors: Nwankwo Christy , Livinski Alicia A. , Heath Candrice R. , Castelo-Soccio Leslie 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Despite the acknowledgment of the importance of social determinants of health (SDOH) on clinical outcomes, few clinical trials provide information about SDOH. Including these markers in pediatric dermatologic clinical trials may lead to improved care and novel observations about the disease.

Objective:
Using a systematic review, assess the use of SDOH in pediatric dermatology clinical trials.

Methods:
CINAHL Plus, Cochrane: CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were searched. English language randomized controlled trials about pediatric dermatology diseases published from January 2011 to May 2022 were included. Two authors independently screened all records using Covidence at 2 levels. Two authors independently collected data using Covidence and Microsoft Excel and assessed study quality. A protocol was registered at Open Science Framework: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B93VY.

Results:
A total of 6463 records were retrieved and 4298 were screened at title/abstract. Next, 1738 records were screened at full text and 1085 were included. Of these, 119 reported an SDOH factor for a pediatric dermatology disease. Income or socioeconomic status was the factor most reported followed by social support, location, and health insurance. Most of the studies were conducted outside of the United States.

Limitations:
There are a limited number of dermatology clinical trials that include a pediatric population.

Conclusion:
Despite including over 1000 pediatric dermatology clinical trials, only 119 used SDOH. Pediatric dermatology researchers must prioritize including and reporting additional SDOH in clinical trials if the goal is to impact and improve clinical care and innovate for diverse populations of patients.
The Diagnostic Performance of the Visitect Advanced Disease Point-Of-Care CD4 Platform: A Pragmatic, Mixed-Methods, Multisite Validation, Costing, and Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Nalintya Elizabeth , Sekar Preethiya , Namakula Olive L. , Tadeo Kiiza Kandole , Kwizera Richard , Apeduno Lucy , Naluyima Diana Rose , Nanano Rachel , Mujungu Lilian , Lehman Alice , Adzemovic Tessa , Amperiize Mathius , Kavuma Paul , Kasone Viola , Fieberg Ann , Nerima Patricia , Dai Biyue , Meya David B. , Boulware David R. , Rajasingham Radha 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The Visitect CD4 Advanced Disease test (AccuBio, Alva, United Kingdom) is a rapid, semiquantitative assay that estimates CD4 results above or below 200 cells per microliter. We evaluated the performance of the Visitect CD4 assay in semiurban laboratories in Uganda.

Methods:
We performed a pragmatic laboratory validation of the Visitect CD4 platform in 4 routine HIV clinics in Uganda, nested within a cluster randomized trial evaluating an enhanced package of screening and treatment for persons with advanced HIV disease (NCT05085171). As part of the clinical trial, samples processed on the Visitect CD4 platform were confirmed using another CD4 testing method. We compared the diagnostic performance of the Visitect CD4 platform against the confirmatory method by evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

Results:
Of 1495 venous blood samples that were processed both by the Visitect CD4 test and another confirmatory CD4 platform at clinics in Kampala, Uganda, specificity was 81% [95% confidence interval (CI): 79% to 84%] and the positive predictive value was 69% (95% CI: 66% to 73%). There were no samples for which the Visitect test was >200 cells per microliter and the confirmatory test was ≤200 cells per microliter, resulting in a sensitivity of 100%. Among Visitect CD4 tests that were read as ≤200 cells per microliter with confirmatory results >200 cells per microliter, the median confirmatory CD4 result was 397 (IQR, 281–590) cells per microliter. Specificity varied by clinic ranging from 63% to 99%.

Conclusions:
Given variable specificity of the Visitect CD4 Advanced Disease platform, successful implementation will require consideration of clinic context and laboratory staffing.
Beyond the Conventional Structural MRI
Authors: Choi Yangsean , Ko Ji Su , Park Ji Eun , Jeong Geunu , Seo Minkook , Jun Yohan , Fujita Shohei , Bilgic Berkin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent technological advancements have revolutionized routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, offering enhanced diagnostic capabilities in intracranial disease evaluation. This review explores 2 pivotal breakthrough areas: deep learning reconstruction (DLR) and quantitative MRI techniques beyond conventional structural imaging. DLR using deep neural networks facilitates accelerated imaging with improved signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, enhancing image quality with short scan times. DLR focuses on supervised learning applied to clinical implementation and applications. Quantitative MRI techniques, exemplified by 2D multidynamic multiecho, 3D quantification using interleaved Look-Locker acquisition sequences with T2 preparation pulses, and magnetic resonance fingerprinting, enable precise calculation of brain-tissue parameters and further advance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Potential DLR instabilities and quantification and bias limitations will be discussed. This review underscores the synergistic potential of DLR and quantitative MRI, offering prospects for improved brain imaging beyond conventional methods.
Assessment of the Change in the Nasal Septum and Nasal Profile After Le Fort I With Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Canbaz Barış , Yılancı Hilal 
Published: August 2024

Objective
This study aimed to determine the relationship between nasal changes and the amount of advancement, impaction, and downward movement of the maxilla after Le Fort I osteotomy.

Methods
The study included 48 patients who underwent Le Fort I surgery and had pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomography records. Changes in the nasal septum were evaluated by measuring septal deviation angles and volumes. In addition, nasolabial angle and width of nasal and alar base were examined. Groups were determined according to the movement of point A (the deepest point on the curvature of the maxillary alveolar process), using a threshold of 1.5 mm for vertical movements and 4 mm for sagittal movements. This resulted in the comparison of 6 groups of 8 people each. Results are presented as mean and standard deviation or median and range depending on the data distribution. Significance level was accepted as P < 0.05.

Result
There were no significant differences for each group on its own septal deviation volume or angle values pre/postoperatively. Groups 3 and 5, which both had at least 1.5 mm of impaction, showed significant changes in both deviation angle and volume between the preoperative and postoperative measurements. Nasolabial angle did not show significant changes between groups. Alar base width and nasal width increase was significantly highest in Group 1, which has more than 4 mm sagittal movement and less than 1.5 mm vertical movement.

Conclusions
Le Fort I osteotomy may lead to undesirable changes in the spatial positioning of the nasal septum. The results of this study suggest that maxillary advancement does not significantly impact septal deviation, whereas maxillary impaction increases the amount of deviation. In addition, nasal width and alar base width tended to increase, and the nasolabial angle tended to decrease slightly, regardless of the direction of movement of the maxilla after orthognathic surgery.

Clinical Relevance
Surgeons should consider increased nasal septal deviation risks when planning impaction of the maxilla. The soft tissue changes in the nose vary according to different directions and amounts of Le Fort I surgery.
FACTORS INFLUENCING LATE PROGNOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TREATED WITH DIRECT PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Li Yonghong , Cao Guangke 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate factors influencing the late prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by direct percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 349 ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with direct percutaneous coronary intervention. Patients were categorized based on catheter laboratory activation time (CLAT) (≤15 or >15 min), time of arrival (working hours or out-of-hours), and mode of arrival (emergency medical services transportation or self-presentation). The primary endpoint was the 2-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), defined as all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. Results: Patients with CLAT ≤15 min showed significant differences in oxygen saturation, FMC-to-device time, symptom-to-device time, symptom-to-FMC time, presentation mode, presentation duration, and MACEs (all P < 0.005). Self-presentation (odds ratio = 0.593, 95% confidence interval = 0.413–0.759) and out-of-hours presentation (odds ratio = 0.612, 95% confidence interval = 0.433–0.813) were risk factors for CLAT >15 min. The working-hours group showed significant differences in FMC-to-device time, activation-to-arrival time at the catheter laboratory, and the number of cases with activation time ≤15 min (all P < 0.005). The emergency medical services and self-presentation groups differed significantly in age, blood pressure, FMC-to-device time, and electrocardiography-to-CLAT (all P < 0.005). Conclusion: Reducing CLAT to 15 min significantly lowers the 2-year MACE rate. Self-presentation and out-of-hours presentation are risk factors for delayed catheter laboratory activation.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH-RISK VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Zhang Boyao , Tan Mengwei , Fan Xingli , Chen Qian , Xu Zhiyun , Tang Yangfeng , Han Lin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: The treatment strategy of early nutritional support after cardiac surgery has gradually been adopted. However, there are no scientific guidelines for the timing and specific programs of early nutritional support. Methods: A retrospective, single-center analysis (2021–2023) was carried out including elderly patients who were admitted for valvular heart disease and received open-heart valve replacement surgery. We designated patients who started the optimized nutritional support after surgery as the optimized enteral nutritional support strategy TN (EN) group and those who received traditional nutritional support as the traditional nutritional support strategy (TN) group. The nutritional and immune indexes, postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization cost of the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: We identified 378 eligible patients, comprising 193 (51%) patients in the EN group and 185 (49%) patients in the TN group. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality between the two groups, but the proportion of nosocomial pneumonia was significantly lower in the EN group than in the TN group (P < 0.001). In the Poisson regression analysis, EN was not associated with an increase in gastrointestinal complications (P = 0.549). The EN group also seemed to have shorter hospital stays and lower hospitalization expenses (P < 0.001). In the comparison of postoperative gastrointestinal complications, fewer patients experienced diarrhea (P = 0.021) and abdominal distension (P = 0.033) in the EN group compared with the TN group. Conclusion: The optimal nutritional support strategy could effectively improve the clinical outcome of high-risk patients with valvular heart disease.
THE IMPACT OF SCHISTOCYTE DETECTION ON MORTALITY AND ORGAN FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS
Authors: Tanaka Tomoki , Fujino Kazunori , Tsujita Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Yugo , Fujino Mitsuhiro , Miyatake Hidemitsu , Mizumura Naoto , Kato Takayuki , Shimizu Junji , Kishimoto Takuma , Shiomi Naoto 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the presence of schistocytes in patients with sepsis and its association with mortality and organ failure. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study at Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Japan, from January 2015 to April 2021. This study included patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. Schistocytes were identified through daily hematological examinations. Moreover, data on mortality rates and organ failure based on Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were systematically collected and analyzed. Results: Schistocytes were detected in 41 of the 330 patients with sepsis. The presence of schistocytes was associated with significantly high 90-day and 1-year mortality rates (48.7% and 68.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). Patients with schistocytes exhibited higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores, particularly in the coagulation and renal components, indicating more severe organ failure than that observed in patients without schistocytes. These findings persisted even after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age, sex, and baseline comorbidities. Additionally, we observed that patients with schistocytes required frequent red blood cells, further highlighting the severity of their conditions. Conclusion: Schistocytes are significantly associated with increased long-term mortality and organ failure in patients with sepsis. Their detection may provide crucial insights into disease severity, guide targeted therapeutic strategies, and potentially improve the long-term outcomes of sepsis management.
RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE ROLE OF GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS METABOLITES IN THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEPTIC-ASSOCIATED LIVER INJURY
Authors: Chen Jiangtao , Song Yu , Zeng Wenqing , Wang Lei , Qin Jinyan , Fang Lexin , Ding Yueping 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction that occurs due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic-associated liver injury (SALI) has been closely linked to the prognosis and mortality of sepsis. Recent investigations have delved into the gut-liver axis and its association with SALI, identifying its pivotal role in the gut microbiota. Bacterial translocation and the onset of SALI can occur due to an imbalance in the gut microbiota, impairing the function of the gut barrier. Moreover, their metabolites might exacerbate or initiate SALI by modulating immune responses. Nevertheless, interventions to restore the balance of the gut microbiota, such as the administration of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, or dietary adjustments, may ameliorate SALI and enhance the prognosis and survival rates of septic patients. This review aimed to elucidate the function of the gut microbiota in the genesis and procession of SALI and its potential therapeutic value, offering a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic avenues for SALI.
THE DELIVERY OF PD-L1 SIRNA BY NEUTROPHIL-TARGETED LIPID NANOPARTICLES EFFECTIVELY AMELIORATES SEPSIS
Authors: Zhu Cheng-long , Wang Yi , Ren Shi-chun , Yu Chang-meng , Sun Xiao-yang , Liu Zhi-li , Li Qian-qian , Guo De-zhi , Chen Yu , You Jia , Wang Jia-feng 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: Sepsis, a complex and life-threatening disease, poses a significant global burden affecting over 48 million individuals. Recently, it has been reported that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressed on neutrophils is involved in both inflammatory organ dysfunction and immunoparalysis in sepsis. However, there is a dearth of strategies to specifically target PD-L1 in neutrophils in vivo. Methods: We successfully developed two lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) specifically targeting neutrophils by delivering PD-L1 siRNA via neutrophil-specific antibodies and polypeptides. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to detect lipid nanoparticles into neutrophils. A mouse cecal ligation and puncture model was used to detect neutrophil migration, neutrophil extracellular traps level, and organ damage. Result: The PD-L1 siRNA-loaded LNPs that target neutrophils suppressed inflammation, reduced the release of neutrophil extracellular traps, and inhibited T-lymphocyte apoptosis. This approach could help maintain homeostasis of both the immune and inflammatory responses during sepsis. Furthermore, the PD-L1 siRNA-loaded LNPs targeting neutrophils have the potential to ameliorate the multiorgan damage and lethality resulting from cecal ligation and puncture. Conclusions: Taken together, our data identify a previously unknown drug delivery strategy targeting neutrophils, which represents a novel, safe, and effective approach to sepsis therapy.
The Reliability of 3-Dimensional Endoanal Ultrasonography Early and Late Postpartum
Authors: Gräs Søren , Starck Marianne , Jangö Hanna , Lose Gunnar , Klarskov Niels 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThere is no consensus on how to define obstetric anal sphincter defects detected by 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasonography (3D-EAUS), and the reported rates vary significantly in the postpartum period.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to establish a diagnostic strategy with a high and clinically relevant interrater reliability both early and late postpartum.Study DesignThe study was prospective and observational, and 3D-EAUS was performed 10–14 days and 9–12 months postpartum in an unselected cohort of primiparous women with vacuum-assisted deliveries. Two experienced examiners evaluated the ultrasonographic results, which were divided into the categories intact, inconclusive, small, moderate, and large defects based on Starck scores. Three different diagnostic strategies were validated, and the prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK) values calculated.ResultsOf 334 eligible women, 184 (55.1%) completed both examinations. Disagreements involving small defects were predominant and observed in 34 and 39 cases, respectively, at the 2 time points. The highest overall agreement rates (91.3% and 92.4%, respectively) and PABAK values (0.83 and 0.85, respectively) were reached when the disagreements were minimized by dichotomizing the results into Starck scores >4 (designated a significant defect) versus Starck scores 0–4 (all others).ConclusionsThe interrater reliability of detecting small anal sphincter defects by 3D-EAUS was low at both time points for the 2 experienced raters. In contrast, the interrater reliability of detecting a significant defect was classified as almost perfect agreement at both time points.
Anthropofabrication and the redressing of memory: an embodied approach to comparative cognition
Authors: Van Woerkum Bas , Barrett Louise 
Published: August 2024

On what basis do researchers posit that humans and other animals share cognitive capacities? We argue that such claims are not based on inherent, pre-existing similarities, but rather emerge through a two-step process, which we will call ‘anthropofabrication’. In the initial stage, embodied action-based strategies and environmental context in human studies are ignored owing to the need for measurement and quantification. Consequently, cognitive terms become disconnected from the context to which we apply them, and human classificatory cognitive terms are transformed into broad explanatory terms, assumed to be ‘species-neutral’. The second phase entails translating and applying these generalized explanatory terms to specific nonverbal animals in ways that serve to further cloak differences between animals and other species. Here, again, researchers selectively discard contextual information to facilitate the comparison with humans. To limit anthropofabrication, we should (re)acknowledge that cognitive abilities are not species-neutral and cannot be detached from embodied action, perception and their context of occurrence. We illustrate our points about anthropofabrication using the example of memory research.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence’.
Embodiment in the enfacement illusion is mediated by self–other overlap
Authors: Payne Bryony , Catmur Caroline 
Published: August 2024

The enfacement illusion is a facial version of the rubber hand illusion, in which participants experience tactile stimulation of their own faces synchronously with the observation of the same stimulation applied to another’s face. In previous studies, participants have reported experiencing an illusory embodiment of the other’s face following synchronous compared to asynchronous stimulation. In a series of three experiments, we addressed the following three questions: (i) how does similarity between the self and the other, operationalized here as being of the same or different gender to the other, impact the experience of embodiment in the enfacement illusion; (ii) does the experience of embodiment result from alterations to the self-concept; and (iii) is susceptibility to the experience of embodiment associated with interoceptive processing, i.e. perception of the internal state of the body? Results indicate that embodiment is facilitated by the similarity between the self and the other and is mediated by the incorporation of the other into the self-concept, but sensitivity to one’s own internal states does not impact upon embodiment within the enfacement illusion.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence’.
Aligned bodies, united hearts: embodied emotional dynamics of an Islamic ritual
Authors: Saraei Mohammadamin , Paxton Alexandra , Xygalatas Dimitris 
Published: August 2024

Collective rituals involve the coordination of intentions and actions and have been shown to promote the alignment of emotional states and social identities. However, the mechanics of achieving group-level synchrony is yet unclear. We report the results of a naturalistic study in the context of an Islamic congregational prayer that involves synchronous movement. We used wearable devices to capture data on body posture, autonomic responses and spatial proximity to investigate how postural alignment and shared arousal intertwine during this ritual. The findings reveal a dual process at play: postural alignment appears to be more localized, with worshippers synchronizing their movements with their nearest neighbours, while physiological alignment operates on a broader scale, primarily driven by the central role of the religious leader. Our findings underscore the importance of interpersonal dynamics in collective gatherings and the role of physical co-presence in fostering connections among participants, with implications extending to our understanding of group dynamics across various social settings.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence’.