bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Assisted Interfacial Tension Deformation of Spherical Particles for the Fabrication of Non‐Spherical Particle Arrays
Authors: Zheng Lu , Ma Zhaohui , Geng Chong , Yan Qingfeng 
Published: July 2013

A facile and efficient approach is developed for the fabrication of asymmetric non‐spherical polymer particle arrays. A specific amount of solvent is provided to interact with the spherical polymer particles to intensify the segmental mobility, thus suppressing the viscosity and the glass transition temperature of the polymer particles. The spherical polymer particles in the rubbery state are deformed into non‐spherical particle arrays at the gas/liquid interface. The upper parts of the polymer particles that protrude out of the liquid phase undergo deformation by interfacial tensions at the three‐phase contact line, allowing the formation of a ridge of polymer with a protrusion on the top surface. Simultaneously, the lower parts of the polymer particles submerged under the liquid phase are subjected to enormous surface tension at the contact points, leading to a non‐linear coalescence behavior of the neighboring polymer particles.
Aerosolized liposomal Amphotericin B: A potential prophylaxis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Kamalaporn Harutai , Leung Kitty , Nagel Mark , Kittanakom Saranya , Calvieri Battista , Reithmeier Reinhart A.F. , Coates Allan L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundAerosolized liposomal Amphotericin B may reduce the incidence of invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis in adults with chemotherapy‐induced prolonged neutropenia with less nephrotoxicity. The breath‐actuated AeroEclipse® BAN nebulizer is very efficient and minimizes environmental drug contamination since no aerosol is produced, unless the patient is inspiring through the device. Our aim is to develop an appropriate delivery system suitable for children that does not disrupt the liposomes due to the shear forces in nebulization.MethodsThis is an in vitro experimental study in vitro. Six ml of 4 mg/ml liposomal Amphotericin B solution (AmBisome®; Astellas Pharma Inc., Markham, Ontario, CA) was nebulized with the breath‐actuated nebulizer (AeroEclipse®; Trudell Medical International, Canada) and captured by the glass liquid impinger. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as detergent to disrupt the liposomes in control samples. Gel filtration, electron microscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to compare the size and shape of the liposomes, and amount of the drug before and after nebulization. The aerosol particle size was obtained by the laser diffraction.ResultsAfter nebulization, 97.5% of amphotericin B was captured by the liquid impinger and detected by HPLC. Gel filtration and electron microscopy demonstrated that the drug remained in its liposomal configuration after nebulization. The mass median diameter (MMD) was 3.7 μm and 66% of aerosol particles were less than 5 μm in diameter.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that liposomal Amphotericin B can be nebulized successfully without disrupting the liposomes and minimize drug loss by using the breath‐actuated nebulizer. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:574–580. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functionalization of Carbon Nanoparticles Modulates Inflammatory Cell Recruitment and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Yang Marie , Flavin Kevin , Kopf Ilona , Radics Gabor , Hearnden Claire H. A. , McManus Gavin J. , Moran Barry , Villalta‐Cerdas Adrian , Echegoyen Luis A. , Giordani Silvia , Lavelle Ed C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe inflammatory effects of carbon nanoparticles (NPs) are highly disputed. Here it is demonstrated that endotoxin‐free preparations of raw carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are very limited in their capacity to promote inflammatory responses in vitro, as well as in vivo. Upon purification and selective oxidation of raw CNTs, a higher dispersibility is achieved in physiological solutions, but this process also enhances their inflammatory activity. In synergy with toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands, CNTs promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation and it is shown for the first time that this property extends to spherical carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) of 6 nm in size. In contrast, the benzoic acid functionalization of purified CNTs and CNOs leads to significantly attenuated inflammatory properties. This is evidenced by a reduced secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IL‐1β, and a pronounced decrease in the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes following injection into mice. Collectively, these results reveal that the inflammatory properties of carbon NPs are highly dependent on their physicochemical characteristics and crucially, that chemical surface functionalization allows significant moderation of these properties.
Delivery of a Therapeutic Protein for Bone Regeneration from a Substrate Coated with Graphene Oxide
Authors: La Wan‐Geun , Park Saibom , Yoon Hee‐Hun , Jeong Gun‐Jae , Lee Tae‐Jin , Bhang Suk Ho , Han Jeong Yeon , Char Kookheon , Kim Byung‐Soo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe therapeutic efficacy of drugs often depends on the drug delivery carrier. For efficient delivery of therapeutic proteins, delivery carriers should enable the loading of large doses, sustained release, and retention of the bioactivity of the therapeutic proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that graphene oxide (GO) is an efficient carrier for delivery of therapeutic proteins. Titanium (Ti) substrates are coated with GO through layer‐by‐layer assembly of positively (GO‐NH3+) and negatively (GO‐COO−) charged GO sheets. Subsequently, a therapeutic protein (bone morphogenetic protein‐2, BMP‐2) is loaded on the GO‐coated Ti substrate with the outermost coating layer of GO‐COO−(Ti/GO‐). The GO coating on Ti substrate enables loading of large doses and the sustained release of BMP‐2 with preservation of the structure and bioactivity of the drug. The extent of in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells is higher when they are cultured on Ti/GO‐ carrying BMP‐2 than when they are cultured on Ti with BMP‐2. Eight weeks after implantation in mouse models of calvarial defects, the Ti/GO‐/BMP‐2 implants show more robust new bone formation compared with Ti, Ti/GO‐, or Ti/BMP‐2 implants. Therefore, GO is an effective carrier for the controlled delivery of therapeutic proteins, such as BMP‐2, which promotes osteointegration of orthopedic or dental Ti implants.
Facies Controlled Synaeresis Cracks in Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate Sediments of Middle Jurassic of Patcham Island, Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Patel Satish J. , Joseph Jaquilin K. , Bhatt Nishith Y. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
Synaeresis cracks are observed at different stratigraphic levels in shallow marine mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments of the Middle Jurassic rocks of the Patcham Island, Kachchh, Western India. Cracks are preserved as cast or grooves in micritic sandstone of the Kuar bet member of Kaladongar Formation and sandy allochem limestone of the Raimalro Limestone member of Goradongar Formation. It bear distinct morphology of simple, straight to gently curved, spindle-shaped, irregular, unbranched to branched at acute angle; interconnected curlicue forms of non-orthogonal pattern. The X-radiography shows sharp margin and tapering twigs which support to nullify the possible biogenic origin. These cracks are developed at sediment-water interface and sediment-sediment interface in aqueous conditions, where partial dewatering of sediments causes reduction of sediment volume and loss of plasticity. Formation of cracks are also post-depositional phenomenon operated during initial phase of diagenesis where induced stress is generated due to compaction of sediments and neomorphism/recrystallisation of the susceptible carbonate grains.
Petromineralogic and Rock Magnetic Aspects of Clastic Sedimentation in the Surma Basin, Mizoram
Authors: Badekar A. G. , Sangode S. J. , Ghosh Sumit K. , Tiwari R. P. , Meshram D. C. , Malsawma J. , Lalnuntluanga P. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
We present here comprehensive petromineralogic, mineral magnetic and lithologic observations from five stratigraphic sections representing the Barail Group, Middle and Upper units of Bhuban Formation, Bokabil Formation and Tipam Group in the Mizoram area. These stratigraphic units mainly display interplay of the grey and buff colored sandstones of the clast compositions varying from sub-lithic to lithic arenites (Q79F4L17 to Q55F3L42) including sedimentary, meta-sedimentary and subordinate igneous rock fragments. The buff sandstones with higher lithic fragments [Q69F4L27 (Ls61Lm38Lv1)] are dominated by recycled components with higher clast angularity (VA1A15SA51SR24R8WR0.4) relative to the grey sandstones. Mineral magnetic studies decipher bimodal (ferri- and antiferromagnetic) mineralogy with higher concentration in buff sandstones relative to the unimodal ferrimagnetic nature of the grey sandstones.
The study infers that the buff sandstones mark the regressive phases driven by hinterland uplifts; whereas the growth of the grey sandstone facies is marked by transgressive basinal processes. Gradual increase in the frequency and appearance of the buff sandstones in the Surma stratigraphy, therefore, can be related to the evolution of the Indo-Burmese ranges.
Signature of Potassium Enrichment in Granite of the Chitrial Area, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh: Inferences Using its U, Th, K2O, Na2O, Rb, Ba and Sr Contents
Authors: Rajaraman H. S. , Babu G. Nagendra , Chavan S. J. , Achar K. K. , Babu P. V. Ramesh 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:
A medium tonnage unconformity proximal uranium deposit has been established at Chitrial by the Atomic Minerals Directorate in the Srisailam sub-basin. In this type of deposits, the association of uranium with potassic alteration (illitization) is well-documented. The present study is directed towards understanding such an association in the Chitrial area for which the uranium mineralized borehole core samples were collected and analyzed. It is observed that the average concentrations of K2O, Na2O, Rb, Ba and Sr in the granite of the Chitrial area are 5.35%, 1.78%, 252 ppm, 564 ppm and 52 ppm, respectively, and they show average critical elemental ratios of K/Rb, Ba/Rb and Rb/Sr as 191, 2.37 and 7.13, respectively. The granites show low K/Rb, low Rb/Ba and high Rb/Sr ratios compared to that of the average crust indicating its derivation from crustal source. The samples have higher values of uranium (av. 53 ppm), thorium (av. 66 ppm) and lead (av. 41 ppm). The U/Th ratio in the granite varies from 0.07 to 20.86 with an average of 1.68. They also exhibit high K2O/Na2O ratio typical of post-Archaean granite and very high values suggest the possibility of later potassium enrichment.
Chronology of Major Terrace Forming Events in the Andaman Islands During the Last 40 kyr
Authors: Awasthi Neeraj , Ray Jyotiranjan S. , Laskar Amzad H. , Yadava Madhusudan G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Major earthquakes that trigger tsunamis are great natural hazards. The devastations caused by the December 26, 2004 Sumatran earthquake, and the March 11, 2011 Japan earthquake, and associated tsunamis will remain in our memories for a long time. Such events reaffirm the need for studying the cause and effects of large earthquakes of the past and to prepare the world better for the future. In such an effort, to understand the pattern of earthquakes and their effects on the geomorphic evolution, we have studied deformation history in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, located in one of the most active convergent margins of the world. Focusing on tectonically formed coastal terraces and determining the timing of their formation from the exposed dead corals, we have been able to reconstruct the history of major earthquakes in these islands for the last 40 kyr. Our results in conjunction with the existing radiocarbon age data from coastal terraces of these islands appear to suggest that the frequency of major earthquakes (M &gt; 7) in the region has increased during the last 9 kyr. In confirmation with some earlier work, we find evidences for a major earthquake and a tsunami between 500-600 cal yr BP and possibly 4 others during 6-9 cal kyr BP. Our results also indicate that there has been a continuous subsidence of the south Andaman Islands.
Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of Acid Volcano-plutonic Rocks of the Siner Area, Siwana Ring Complex, Northwestern Peninsular India
Authors: Singh L. Sarjesh , Vallinayagam G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Petrochemical studies on acid plutonic (granite, microgranite) and volcanic (rhyolite, trachyte) rocks occurring in the Siner area of the Siwana Ring Complex, Malani Igneous Suite have been carried out. These rocks are characterized by high concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, K2O, Zr, Nb, Y and REE (except Eu) but low in MgO, Fe2O3(t), CaO, Cr, Ni, Sr; indicating their A-type affinity. Field studies in conjunction with the geochemical characteristic indicate that the magmatism in the Siner area is generally represented by peralkaline suite of rocks which are formed due to rift tectonics. It is also suggested that these acidic rocks could have been derived by low degree partial melting of crustal material. Characteristics of certain pathfinder elements such as Rb, Ba, Sr, K, Zr, Nb, REE and the ratios of K/Rb, Zr/Rb, Ba/Rb along with the multi elemental primitive mantle normalized spidergrams suggest that the Siner peralkaline granites and microgranites have the potential for rare metal and rare earth mineralizations.
Landslides Caused due to Ignorance - Case Studies from Northeast India
Authors: Singh C. D. , Singh Joginder 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Landslides may be caused either by natural process or human activity or combination of both. In many cases, modifications in hill slopes are carried out with or without proper slope stability analysis, even though the consequences are well known. In other cases, stable slopes are converted into unstable slopes by the people residing in the area by artificial modification/alterations of the hill slope without basic knowledge of hill slope management. Such cases are very common in the hilly terrain including northeast India and they have caused loss of many lives even though the size of such landslide are very small.
The present paper describes four examples from different parts of the northeast India where the terraced hill slopes that remained stable for an appreciable length of time have been converted to unstable slopes.
Multiple choice questions are superior to extended matching questions to identify
medicine and biomedical sciences students who perform poorly
Authors: Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Van den Brand Tessa L. , Hopman Maria T. E. 
Published: July 2013

In recent years, medical faculties at Dutch universities have implemented a
legally binding study advice to students of medicine and biomedical sciences during
their propaedeutic phase. Appropriate examination is essential to discriminate between
poor (grade <6), moderate (grade 6–8) and excellent (grade ≥8) students. Therefore,
we compared the discriminatory properties of extended matching questions (EMQs) versus
multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and identified the role of sex, age and examination
preference on this score. Data were collected for 452 first-year medical and biomedical
science students during three distinct course examinations: one examination with EMQ
only, one with MCQ only and one mixed examination (including EMQ and MCQ). Logistic
regression analysis revealed that MCQ examination was 3 times better in identifying poor
students compared with EMQ (RR 3.0, CI 2.0–4.5), whereas EMQ better detected excellent
students (average grade ≥8) (RR 1.93, CI 1.47–2.53). Mixed examination had comparable
characteristics to MCQ. Sex and examination preference did not impact the score of the
student. Students ≥20 years had a 4-fold higher risk ratio of obtaining a poor grade
(<6) compared with students ≤18 years old (RR 4.1, CI 2.1–8.0). Given the strong
discriminative capacity of MCQ examinations to identify poor students, we recommend the
use of this type of examination during the propaedeutic phase of medicine and biomedical
science study programmes, in the light of the binding study advice.
Assessing the extent of provision of comprehensive medical care management for female sexual assault patients in US hospital emergency departments
Authors: Patel Ashlesha , Roston Alicia , Tilmon Sandra , Stern Lisa , Roston Arden , Patel Daksha , Keith Louis 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe medical services provided to sexual assault patients in US emergency departments and to identify the percentage of hospitals always providing the 10 elements of comprehensive medical care management (CMCM).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a national sample of US hospitals. A 26‐item telephone survey assessed provision of services to sexual assault survivors in accordance with CMCM. Management included acute medical care comprising history and physical examination; acute and long‐term rape crisis counseling; STI testing and prophylaxis; emergency contraception counseling and provision; and HIV testing and prophylaxis. The primary outcome was extent of provision of these elements.ResultsOverall, 582 emergency departments responded to the survey. The following components of CMCM were provided: acute medical care (582 [100.0%]); rape crisis counseling (234 [40.2%]); STI management (448 [77.0%]); emergency contraception (351 [60.3%]); and HIV management (380 [65.3%]). Only 101 (17.4%) hospitals provided all 10 elements of CMCM.ConclusionLess than one‐fifth of US hospitals provide comprehensive services to sexual assault patients. A national program incorporating clinical guidelines, checklists, and funding for sexual assault forensic/nurse examiner programs could improve the standard of care provided in emergency departments—the primary point of contact for acute care of sexual assault survivors.
Pectineal ligament suspension of prolapsed vaginal vault
Authors: Joshi Vivek M. , Otiv Suhas R. , Dagade Vasant B. , Borse Mahindra , Majumder Rabin N. , Shrivastava Maneesha , Shelmohkar Ravindra , Bijwe Smita 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report on a collective pectineal ligament suspension experience acquired over 12 years in India with 119 women who presented with prolapsed vaginal vault. The feasibility and effectiveness of the procedure was assessed for the open and laparoscopic routes.MethodsThe prolapsed vaginal vault was suspended unilaterally to the pectineal ligament using polyester tape at 3 urban and 3 rural hospitals. The procedure was done through a Cherney incision in 104 women. In the remaining 15 women, it was done laparoscopically at a single urban center.ResultsThere were no intraoperative complications. The mean follow‐up was 5.5 years (range, 0.5–12 years). Only 2 women had vaginal prolapse recurrence, at 3 and 5 years. Two had asymptomatic tape erosion, at 2 and 5 years, and a mild cystocele appeared in 5 women and a low rectocele in 4. However, none of these women required further vaginal surgery during their follow‐up period.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates the long‐term safety and effectiveness of pectineal ligament suspension for vaginal vault prolapse by the open and the laparoscopic routes. As it was done by surgeons of varying experience at centers with varying resources, the procedure can be readily mastered by any gynecologic surgeon.
Donor Segmentation: When Summary Statistics Don't Tell the Whole Story
Authors: Durango-Cohen Elizabeth J. , Torres Ramón L. , Durango-Cohen Pablo L. 
Published: July 2013

Funding pressures amidst the slow economic recovery from the late-2000's recession have forced universities, as well as other not-for-profit organizations, to increase the volume and sophistication of their direct marketing activities. The efficiency of direct marketing strategies is linked to an organization's ability to effectively target individuals. In this paper, we present a finite-mixture model framework to segment the alumni population of a university in the midwestern United States. Much of the research on customer segmentation summarizes response data ( e.g., purchase and contribution histories) via recency, frequency and monetary value (RFM) statistics. Individuals sharing similar RFM characteristics are grouped together; the rationale being that the best predictor of future behavior is past behavior. Summary statistics such as RFM, however, introduce aggregation bias that mask the dynamics of purchase/contribution behavior. Accordingly, we implement latent-class segmentation models where alumni are classified based on how an individual's contribution sequence compares to those of other individuals. The framework's capability to process contribution sequences, i.e., longitudinal data, provides fundamental new insights into donor contribution behavior, and provides a rigorous mechanism to infer and segment the population based on unobserved heterogeneities (as well as based on other observable characteristics). Specifically, we analyze Markov mixture models to segment alumni based on contribution-behavior patterns, under the assumption of serially-dependent contribution sequences. We use the expectation–maximization algorithm to obtain parameter estimates for each segment. Through an extensive empirical study, we highlight the substantive insights gained through the processing of the full contribution sequences, and establish the presence of three distinct classes of alumni in the population (each with a discernible contribution pattern). The proposed framework, collectively, provides a basis to tailor direct marketing policies to optimize specific performance criteria ( e.g., profits).
Australian population trends and disparities in cholinesterase inhibitor use, 2003 to 2010
Authors: Zilkens Renate R. , Duke Janine , Horner Barbara , Semmens James B. , Bruce David G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) first subsidized cholinesterase inhibitors (CEIs) for Alzheimer's disease in 2001, introducing a novel therapy for a previously untreatable common condition. This study aims to determine Australian rates of CEI use and to assess equality of access to treatment based on socioeconomic status and geographic remoteness.MethodsPharmaceutical claims records were used to identify all Australians prescribed CEIs between January 2003 and December 2010. Age‐standardized and sex‐adjusted index prescription rates were derived using the total Australian population as the denominator to examine temporal trends and the impacts of socioeconomic and geographic disadvantage on CEI index prescription rates.ResultsIndex prescription rates peaked in 2004 at 92.5 per 100,000 person‐years, declining to between 70.2 and 73.5 for years 2006 to 2010. Rates were highest in the 85‐ to 89‐year age group and 2.6‐fold higher in the least socioeconomic disadvantaged population when compared with the most disadvantaged population. In major cities in Australia, index prescription rates were 1.4 to 1.7 times greater compared with remote areas.ConclusionsIncreasing geographic remoteness and socioeconomic disadvantage are associated with lower CEI index prescription rates, indicating inequities in the management of Alzheimer's disease in Australia.
Fusion systems and group actions with abelian isotropy subgroups
Authors: Ünlü Özgün , Yalçin Ergün 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe prove that if a finite group G acts smoothly on a manifold M such that all the isotropy subgroups are abelian groups with rank ≤ k, then G acts freely and smoothly on M × $\mathbb{S}^{n_1}\$ × … × $\mathbb{S}^{n_k}$ for some positive integers n1, …, nk. We construct these actions using a recursive method, introduced in an earlier paper, that involves abstract fusion systems on finite groups. As another application of this method, we prove that every finite solvable group acts freely and smoothly on some product of spheres, with trivial action on homology.