bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic solutions for maximizing shareable costs
Authors: Zou Rong , Lin Boyue , Uetz Marc , Walter Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the linear optimization problem to maximize the total costs that can be shared among a group of agents, while maintaining stability in the sense of the core constraints of a cooperative transferable utility game, or TU game. When maximizing total shareable costs, the cost shares must satisfy all constraints that define the core of a TU game, except for being budget balanced. The article first gives a fairly complete picture of the computational complexity of this optimization problem, its relation to optimization over the core itself, and its equivalence to other, minimal core relaxations that have been proposed earlier. We then address minimum cost spanning tree (MST) games as an example for a class of cost sharing games with non‐empty core. While submodular cost functions yield efficient algorithms to maximize shareable costs, MST games have cost functions that are subadditive, but generally not submodular. Nevertheless, it is well known that cost shares in the core of MST games can be found efficiently. In contrast, we show that the maximization of shareable costs is ‐hard for MST games and derive a 2‐approximation algorithm. Our work opens several directions for future research.
Chemically Peptide Synthesis and Role of Arginine and Lysine in the Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activity of Synthetic Peptides: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sunar Selin Zeynep , Acar Tayfun , Sahin Fikrettin 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis review examines the potential applications of peptides in biotechnology, medicine, and pharmacy, while highlighting the important antibacterial and antiviral properties of peptides. Peptides and chemical peptide synthesis have become a field of study that is gaining great momentum today. Some of the main reasons for this are high specificity, biodegradability and versatility of peptides. Peptides also have some specific properties that make them attractive for pharmaceutical development. As a case study, it can be used to create peptides that can be used to replace or fix damaged proteins in the body by mimicking the action of naturally occurring proteins. Delivering drugs or other therapeutic agents to specific cells or tissues is another method that can help increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce unwanted effects. Various types of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as defensins and cathelicidins, and their anti‐infective properties are also discussed. Finally, peptides (melittin, lactoferricin, etc.) can be used to trigger an immune response against certain infections, such as COVID‐19 and Zika virus, by acting as vaccines. In our study, a comprehensive review was made on antiviral and AMPs, and especially peptides containing arginine and lysine were mentioned. The properties of these peptides, examples of these peptides and their developments in the pharmaceutical field are emphasized.
Theory versus practice: are insecticide mixtures in Arizona cotton used for resistance management?†
Authors: Ellsworth Peter C , Fournier Alfred 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance management in pesticide use is critical, yet grower practices, especially pesticide mixing motivations, diverge from theoretical frameworks. This study analyzes 30 years of Arizona cotton growers’ practices and pest manager insights to understand mixing trends.RESULTSGrowers predominantly mix pesticides for spectrum or efficacy, not resistance management. This highlights a gap between theory and practice, emphasizing the complexity of real‐world dynamics. A shift over time towards selective insecticides and integrated pest management (IPM), supported by extension education, has reduced reliance on broad‐spectrum insecticides and increased opportunities to conserve the natural enemies of key pests. This reduced the frequency of insecticide use, a mutual goal of both IPM and resistance management. The availability and adoption of selective products with diverse modes of action, along with the resulting increases in biological control and refuges, likely has delayed or prevented resistances without emphasis on using mixtures specifically for resistance management. In a disrupted system exclusively dependent on broad‐spectrum insecticides (1991–1995), 75% ± 5% of cotton area was sprayed with mixtures of these materials. With the availability of selective insecticides, few broad‐spectrum products are used today and mixtures of insecticides are sprayed on only 36% ± 3% of the cotton area (2015–2020).CONCLUSIONAlthough mixing has theoretical relevance, it is diminishing in stable systems with diverse modes of action and adherence to moderation principles. Arizona cotton guidance prioritizes multi‐crop refuges over mixtures for resistance management. Integrated research and education, targeting professional pest managers, are pivotal in advancing resistance management without mixtures specifically designed to prevent or mitigate resistance. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pulmonary vascular disease, environmental pollution, and climate change
Authors: Lichtblau Mona , Reimann Lena , Piccari Lucilla 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPollution and climate change constitute a combined, grave and pervasive threat to humans and to the life‐support systems on which they depend. Evidence shows a strong association between pollution and climate change on cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) is no exception. An increasing number of studies has documented the impact of environmental pollution and extreme temperatures on pulmonary circulation and the right heart, on the severity and outcomes of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH), on the incidence of pulmonary embolism, and the prevalence and severity of diseases associated with PH. Furthermore, the downstream consequences of climate change impair health care systems' accessibility, which could pose unique obstacles in the case of PVD patients, who require a complex and sophisticated network of health interventions. Patients, caretakers and health care professionals should thus be included in the design of policies aimed at adaptation to and mitigation of current challenges, and prevention of further climate change. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available evidence concerning the impact of environmental pollution and climate change on the pulmonary circulation, and to propose measures at the individual, healthcare and community levels directed at protecting patients with PVD.
Mehrfachgründung im Spagat zwischen Kultur und Innovation
Authors: Voß Julia , Meyer zu Altenschildesche Clara , Ettl Kerstin 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese Fallstudie beleuchtet die Reise von Aylin Kaya, einer talentierten Mehrfachgründerin mit türkischen Wurzeln. Zwischen den Herausforderungen traditioneller Erwartungen und kultureller Einflüsse strebt Aylin danach, zwei Unternehmen ins Leben zu rufen. Zunächst gründet sie nach ihrer Zulassung zur Rechtsanwaltschaft eine Anwaltskanzlei. Anschließend ruft sie mit einem weiteren Gründer ein Start-Up ins Leben, das im Bereich Legal Tech anzusiedeln ist. Der Fall verdeutlicht eindrucksvoll, wie das Umfeld und die persönliche (Karriere-)Entwicklung in Wechselwirkung stehen und welche Rolle kulturelle Erwartungen, berufliche Netzwerke und persönliche Kompetenzen in diesem Prozess spielen können.
Die (un-)sichtbare Gestalterin sozialer Innovationen
Authors: Voß Julia , Meyer zu Altenschildesche Clara , Ettl Kerstin 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese Fallstudie porträtiert Isabella Santos, die gemeinsam mit ihrem Lebensgefährten eine sozial-nachhaltige Innovation in Berlin initiierte, dabei selbst jedoch gerne im Hintergrund agierte. Als ihr Partner sie und zugleich auch ihr gemeinsames Vorhaben verlässt, steht sie vor der Herausforderung, stärker sichtbar werden zu müssen, um ihr soziales Unternehmen weiterzuentwickeln. Der Fall zeichnet Isabellas Transformation von einer zurückhaltenden, im Verborgenen agierenden Gestalterin hin zu einem sichtbaren „Role Model“ nach und zeigt anschaulich die Hürden auf, mit denen Gründer:innen bzw. Unternehmer:innen im Bereich sozialer Innovationen zu kämpfen haben.
Postbiotic-based recombinant receptor activator of NF-κB ligand enhanced oral vaccine efficiency in chicken
Authors: Xuan Biao , Park Jongbin , Choi Seojin , Kim Eun Bae 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Functional M cells are differentiated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and capture of luminal antigens to initiate immune responses. We aimed to use postbiotic-based recombinant chicken RANKL (cRANKL) to promote M cell differentiation and test the efficacy of oral vaccines. Chicks were divided into three groups that were administered phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), cell extracts of wild-type Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IL1403 (WT_CE), or cell extracts of recombinant L. lactis expressing cRANKL (cRANKL_CE). The expression of the M cell marker was measured, and the gut microbiome was profiled. The efficiency of the infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine was tested after 12 consecutive days of administering cRANKL_CE. The chickens that were administered cRANKL_CE (p = 0.038) had significantly higher Annexin A5 (ANXA5) mRNA expression levels than those in the PBS group (PBS vs. WT_CE, p = 0.657). In the gut microbiome analysis, no significant changes were observed. However, the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was negatively correlated (r =  − 0.43, p = 0.019) with ANXA5 mRNA expression in Peyer’s patches. cRANKL_CE/IBD (p = 0.018) had significantly higher IBD-specific faecal IgA levels than PBS/IBD (PBS/IBD vs. WT_CE/IBD, p = 0.217). Postbiotic-based recombinant cRANKL effectively improved the expression of M cell markers and the efficiency of oral vaccines. No significant changes were observed in the gut microbiome after administration of postbiotic-based recombinant cRANKL. This strategy can be used for the development of feed additives and adjuvants.

Key points
• Postbiotic-based recombinant cRANKL enhanced the expression of ANXA5 in chicken.
• The relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was negatively correlated with ANXA5 expression.
• Postbiotic-based recombinant cRANKL effectively improved the efficiency of oral vaccine.
Mixed adenoma-neuroendocrine tumor of the stomach: analysis of nine cases with literature review
Authors: Rokutan Hirofumi , Fukasawa-Hokazono Miyako , Hokazono Yukio , Ushiku Tetsuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMixed adenoma-neuroendocrine tumor (MANET) comprises adenoma and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) components. Given the limited information on this due to its rarity, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic features and optimal management of gastric MANETs in a case series and literature review. Nine patients with gastric MANETs, including eight male and one female patient (mean age, 72 years), were identified from the institutional pathology archive. Endoscopically, the tumors appeared as flat elevated lesions with sizes ranging from 0.8 to 4.4 cm. One patient had familial adenomatous polyposis, and no patient had autoimmune gastritis. All MANETs developed in the gastric body mucosa exhibiting chronic metaplastic atrophic gastritis. The glandular components were intestinal-type low-grade adenoma, and focal high-grade dysplasia was also recognized in three cases. The NET component was in middle/deep lamina propria in six cases and confined to deep lamina propria in the remaining three cases. Minimal cytologic atypia was found in the NET component, with no recognizable mitosis and a Ki-67 labeling index of < 2%. The NET component mostly showed diffuse positivity for serotonin and CDX2, suggesting that it consists of enterochromaffin cells. Diffuse p53 immunostaining was observed only in the high-grade adenomatous component of one case. No recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 2–94 months. Correct distinction between the NET and poorly differentiated carcinoma components is crucial to prevent overtreatment of gastric MANETs. Considering its indolent nature, endoscopic resection is the primary recommendation for gastric MANETs as well as for pure adenomas.
A two-tiered high-flow nasal cannula approach does not increase intensive care utilization and hospital length of stay in bronchiolitis
Authors: Tirelli Francesca , Todeschini Premuda Marco , Francaviglia Giulia , Frigo Anna Chiara , Baraldi Eugenio , Da Dalt Liviana , Bressan Silvia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile concerns about high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC) overuse and associated increased use of hospital resources are rapidly spreading, a two-tiered approach in its use is recommended by recent bronchiolitis guidelines. However, data on its effects in practice have not been reported. We aimed to analyze the trends in use of HFNC, hospitalizations, length of stay (LOS), and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for bronchiolitis in a tertiary care center using a two-tiered HFNC approach since its introduction in practice. We retrospectively included data of children < 12 months of age who presented to the Paediatric Emergency Department (PED) and were hospitalized for bronchiolitis at our institution in the epidemic season between October 1st and April 30th during the years 2012–2023 and compared the clinical data across the years. Of the 687 hospitalized children included, 79.9% required oxygen supplementation. Use of HFNC significantly increased since its implementation (from 25% in 2012–2013 to over 60% since 2019–2020, p < 0.0001) and was most frequently administered as rescue treatment (in 57.5% of patients). There was no increased trend in ICU admissions (between 1.5% and 10.0% of hospitalizations across seasons, p = 0.40), while LOS, after increasing between 2013 and 2016 (medians between 4.0 and 5.4 days), remained stable thereafter (medians between 3.8 and 4.3 days).Conclusions: The use of HFNC according to a two-tiered approach does not appear to be associated with an increase in ICU utilization or LOS.

What is Known:• Bronchiolitis is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in infants.• Use high-flow nasal canulae oxygen (HFNC) has rapidly spread outside the intensive care unit (ICU) to treat infants with bronchiolitis, although increasing evidence has dampened the initial enthusiasm about their effectiveness.• Concerns nowadays are rising about HFNC overuse and associated increased use of hospital resources, including escalation of care to ICU.

What is New:• A more selective use of HFNC according to a “two-tiered approach”, intended as a second-line rescue treatment in non-severely ill children who fail standard oxygen therapy, is not associated with increased ICU and length of hospital stay.
Optical coherence tomography angiography as a potential tool in differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and rheumatic disorders with central nervous system involvement
Authors: Fernandes Ewa Abecasis , Wildner Paula , Oset Magdalena , Siger Małgorzata , Stasiołek Mariusz , Matysiak Mariola , Wilczyński Michał 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to analyse whether optical coherence tomography angiography (angio-OCT, OCTA) measurements can be a useful tool to differentiate central nervous system (CNS) involvement in rheumatic disorders (RD) from multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods
A total of 85 patients- 41 with MS, 21 with RD with CNS involvement and 23 healthy controls were included in the study. All individuals underwent OCTA and the following parameters were measured in each eye separately: average foveal and parafoveal vessel density (VD), average foveal and parafoveal vessel length (VL) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), as well as area, perimeter, and circularity of the foveal avascular zone.

Results
OCTA showed a VD reduction in the foveal region of the SCP in eyes of RD patients when compared to MS patients (21.96 ± 3.39 vs.23.88 ± 3.05 (p = 0.003)).
There have been no significant differences in any of the assessed parameters that is average VD and total average VL in the foveal area of the SCP as well as of the DCP in the general population comprising healthy controls, MS and RD groups (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that an OCTA finding of decreased VD in the foveal region of the SCP may be considered as a potentially useful biomarker of RD in comparison with MS patients.
Cystein-Cathepsine: Biochemie trifft Krebsmedizin
Authors: Parigiani Maria Alejandra , Reinheckel Thomas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCysteine-Cathepsins are potent lysosomal proteases with many functions in cell physiology. Their dysregulated activity is now a widely accepted hallmark for several diseases, including cancer. This review explores the cathepsin structure, biogenesis, activity regulation, and localization, alongside recent research focusing on cancer. It emphasizes the potential for theranostic strategies utilizing these proteases.
Erlernen der regulatorischen Grammatik von Pflanzen
Authors: Jores Tobias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFaced with accelerating climate change and rapid population growth, we need crops with higher yields and greater resilience to ensure food security. Crop genome engineering will likely play a major role in meeting future food needs. However, we do not understand plant gene regulation well enough to target engineering and achieve predictable outcomes. Therefore, we study regulatory DNA and its interactions–the regulatory grammar – in plants using high-throughput assays and computational approaches.
Regulation physiologischer Zellreaktionen durch Rezeptor-Clustering
Authors: Sánchez Maria Florencia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCells sense their environment, receive, and process a diverse set of chemical and mechanical signals through transmembrane receptors. How receptors sense and integrate these signals to orchestrate a wide variety of physiological outcomes remains one of the biggest questions in biology. Here, I discuss crucial aspects of receptor assembly highlighting the recent tools and their limitations.
Mitochondriale ROS-Produktion bestimmt ACSL4/LPCAT2-gesteuerte Ferroptose
Authors: Merkel Melanie , Culmsee Carsten 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death, which has been linked to various neurodegenerative diseases. The overexpression of the two enzymes ACSL4 and LPCAT2, which play a key role in lipid peroxidation, increases the susceptibility of the cells towards ferroptosis. Different mitochondria-targeted inhibitors were tested to determine the influence of mitochondria in this model system of ferroptosis.
‘Don’t hog, share and just let your imagination flow’: lessons from structured and unstructured loose parts play in middle primary school classrooms
Authors: Simoncini Kym , Meeuwissen Katy 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Despite the many benefits of play, within primary school, play is often reduced to lunch breaks, particularly as children move to higher grades. Loose parts play affords children opportunities to develop imagination and 21st-century skills (collaboration, communication, creativity and critical thinking). As part of a larger project, two Year 4 classes in an Australian primary school (two teachers and 46 children, aged 9–10 years) engaged in one hour of structured or unstructured loose parts play during class time for eight weeks using a Nüdel Kart (loose parts play cart). Children in the structured play group were set challenges and taught creative attitudes and processes. Data was collected through children’s surveys and focus groups and teacher interviews. Children and teachers were overwhelmingly positive about the play sessions. Children enjoyed the opportunities for construction, social skills and creativity, while teachers focused on inclusion and social skills. Future classroom practice recommendations include integrating both play types and meeting creativity and social and emotional curriculum requirements through loose parts play.
Management of industrial wine residues: physicochemical, bacterial and fungal dynamics during composting processes
Authors: Echeverría-Vega Alex , Espinoza-Mondaca Almendra , Arqueros-Sanhueza Eduardo , Mellado-Quintanilla Denisse , Roa-Roco Rosa , González Alvaro , Morales-Vera Rodrigo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo foster a circular bioeconomy throughout the management of industrial solid wine residues in the wine industry, this work presents the physicochemical and microbiological dynamics of the composting process with white grape pomace, stalks and wastewater treatment plant sludge from the same winery. Three composting windrows of 41 m3 were constructed with 0, 10 and 20% sludge addition. Physicochemical parameters were assessed following the Test Method for the Examination of Composting and Compost (TMECC), and the diversity and dynamics of the bacterial and fungal communities involved in the composting process were assessed via a high-throughput sequencing metabarcoding approach. The addition of sludge increased the moisture content, bulk density, and pH after six months of turned windrow composting. No effect of sludge addition on the macronutrient composition of the compost was observed. The Shannon‒Wiener index differed among stages and treatments. Bacterial diversity increased over time, while the fungal community appeared to be highly affected by the thermophilic stage, which led to a reduction in diversity that slightly recovered by the end of the process. Furthermore, the sludge exhibited high bacterial diversity but very low fungal diversity. Consequently, the design of on-site biologically based strategies to better manage wine residues can produce soil amendments, improve fertilization, reclaim damaged soils, and ultimately reduce management costs, making composting an economically attractive and sustainable alternative for waste management in the wine industry.
Graphical Abstract