bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New tatt? We're ok with that! Relaxing the tattoo deferral for plasmapheresis donors maintains safety and increases donations
Authors: Styles Claire E. , Hoad Veronica C. , Harley Robert , Kaldor John , Gosbell Iain B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTattooing is one of the leading donor deferral reasons in Australia. Until September 2020, donors were deferred from all donation types for 4 months after a tattoo. At this time, our guideline changed such that donations of plasma for further manufacture were accepted immediately, provided the tattoo was administered in a licensed or regulated Australian establishment. We examined the effects of this change.Materials and MethodsDonors with a tattoo deferral in the 2 years before or after the guideline change were identified and followed up until 3 November 2022. Between the two periods, we compared blood‐borne virus (BBV) incidence, donor return, and the number of donors and donations regained after deferral.ResultsThe incidence of BBV infection in donors after a tattoo deferral was zero in both periods. To exceed a residual risk of 1 in 1 million for hepatitis C virus, 190 donors would need to be infected yearly from a tattoo. Donors returned to donate significantly faster after the change (median return 85 days compared with 278 days). An extra 187 donations per 10,000 person‐years of observation were gained, yielding a total of 44,674 additional plasma donations nationally 0–4 months after getting a tattoo.ConclusionAllowing plasma donations immediately post‐tattoo resulted in a substantial donation gain with no adverse safety effect. Lifeblood subsequently reduced the deferral for transfusible component donations to 7 days for tattoos in Australian licensed/regulated establishments.
Characteristic cohomology II: Matrix singularities
Authors: Damon James 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor a germ of a variety , a singularity of “type ” is given by a germ , which is transverse to in an appropriate sense, such that . In part I of this paper, we introduced for such singularities the Characteristic Cohomology for the Milnor fiber (for a hypersurface), and complement and link (for the general case). It captures the cohomology of inherited from and is given by subalgebras of the cohomology for for the Milnor fiber and complements, and is a subgroup for the cohomology of the link. We showed these cohomologies are functorial and invariant under diffeomorphism groups of equivalences for Milnor fibers and for complements and links. We also gave geometric criteria for detecting the nonvanishing of the characteristic cohomology.In this paper, we apply these methods in the case denotes any of the varieties of singular complex matrices, which may be either general, symmetric, or skew‐symmetric (with even). For these varieties, we have shown in another paper that their Milnor fibers and complements have compact “model submanifolds” for their homotopy types, which are classical symmetric spaces in the sense of Cartan. As a result, we first give the structure of the characteristic cohomology subalgebras for the Milnor fibers and complements as images of exterior algebras (or in one case a module on two generators over an exterior algebra). For links, the characteristic cohomology group is the image of a shifted upper truncated exterior algebra. In addition, we extend these results for the complement and link to the case of general complex matrices.Second, we then apply the geometric detection methods introduced in Part I to detect when specific characteristic cohomology classes for the Milnor fiber or complement are nonzero. We identify an exterior subalgebra on a specific set of generators and for the link that it contains an appropriate shifted upper truncated exterior subalgebra. The detection criterion involves a special type of “kite map germ of size ” based on a given flag of subspaces. The general criterion that detects such nonvanishing characteristic cohomology is then given in terms of the defining germ containing such a kite map germ of size . Furthermore, we use a restricted form of kite spaces to give a cohomological relation between the cohomology of local links and the global link for the varieties of singular matrices.
Education and training programs for health professionals’ competence in virtual consultations: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Mathiesen Louise M. W. , Bagger Bettan , Høgsgaard Ditte , Nielsen Martine V. , Gjedsig Sissel S. , Hägi-Pedersen Mai-Britt 
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
Digital solutions, telemedicine, and technologies are increasingly becoming a part of the health system, requiring current and future health professionals to master skills in these domains.

Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to explore, report, and map the evidence on education and training programs for current and future health professionals’ competence in virtual consultations.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider any studies on education and training programs designed to optimize current and future health professionals’ competence in virtual consultations in any setting, such as faculties, universities, university colleges, hospitals, or community locations.

Methods:
This review will be guided by the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published and unpublished sources of information will be searched for in MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost), and Scopus. Studies written in English, German, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian will be considered, with no geographical or cultural limitations. Two independent reviewers will screen retrieved papers, and a standardized tool will be used to extract data from each included source. The results of the extracted data will be presented in tabular format, together with a narrative summary of the evidence.

Details of the review can be found in Open Science Framework:

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BSMUY
Social and Emotional Learning Through a Sports-Based Youth Development Program Grounded in a Hybrid Model-Based Practice
Authors: Shen Yanhua , Dyson Benedict , Baek Seunghyun , Howley Donal , Zhang Fan 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the student’s experiences of social and emotional learning in a community-based youth soccer program grounded in the hybridization of the teaching personal and social responsibility model and the cooperative learning model. Methods: This research was guided by a case study design. Qualitative data were collected over 28 weeks. Twenty-three children (n = 23) participated in the study. Eleven individual interviews, six focus group interviews, two rounds of student drawing activities, and 22 researcher’s self-reflection journals were taken during the program. Inductive analysis and constant comparison were used for data analysis. Results: Four themes were drawn from the collected data: trying your best, respecting each other, learning and working as a team, and making your responsibilities at home and school. Conclusion: The study provided evidence that the hybridization of teaching personal and social responsibility and cooperative learning could be an effective pedagogical approach for students’ social and emotional learning development in sports-based youth development programs.
Genomic evolution of ST228 SCCmec-I MRSA 10 years after a major nosocomial outbreak
Authors: Mauffrey Florian , Bertelli Claire , Greub Gilbert , Senn Laurence , Blanc Dominique S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the genomic changes in a major methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) clone following a significant outbreak at a hospital. Whole-genome sequencing of MRSA isolates was utilized to explore the genomic evolution of post-outbreak MRSA strains. The epidemicity of the clone declined over time, coinciding with the introduction of multimodal infection control measures. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified multiple genes significantly associated with either high or low epidemic success, indicating alterations in mobilome, virulence, and defense mechanisms. Random Forest models pinpointed a gene related to fibrinogen binding as the most influential predictor of epidemicity. The decline of the MRSA clone may be attributed to various factors, including the implementation of new infection control measures, single nucleotide polymorphisms accumulation, and the genetic drift of a given clone. This research underscores the complex dynamics of MRSA clones, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of their evolution. The decline in epidemicity seems linked to alterations in the clone’s genetic profile, with a probable shift towards decreased virulence and adaptation to long-term carriage. Understanding the genomic basis for the decline of epidemic clones is crucial to develop effective strategies for their surveillance and management, as well as to gain insights into the evolutionary dynamics of pathogen genomes.
Spatial and temporal variation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtype RNA in wastewater and relation to clinical specimens
Authors: Zambrana Winnie , Huang ChunHong , Solis Daniel , Sahoo Malaya K. , Pinsky Benjamin A. , Boehm Alexandria B. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a large burden of respiratory illness globally. It has two subtypes, RSV A and RSV B, but little is known regarding the predominance of these subtypes during different seasons and their impact on morbidity and mortality. Using molecular methods, we quantified RSV A and RSV B RNA in wastewater solids across multiple seasons and metropolitan areas to gain insight into the predominance of RSV subtypes. We determined the predominant subtype for each group using the proportion of RSV A to total RSV (RSV A + RSV B) in each wastewater sample (
P
A,WW
) and conducted a comparative analysis temporally, spatially, and against clinical specimens. A median
P
A,WW
of 0.00 in the first season and 0.58 in the second season indicated a temporal shift in the predominant subtype. Spatially, while we observed dominance of the same subtype,
P
A,WW
was higher in some areas (
P
A,WW
= 0.58–0.88). The same subtype predominated in wastewater and clinical samples, but clinical samples showed higher levels of RSV A (RSV A positivity in clinical samples = 0.79, median
P
A,WW
= 0.58). These results suggest that wastewater, alongside clinical data, holds promise for enhanced subtype surveillance.

IMPORTANCE
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a large burden of respiratory illness globally. It has two subtypes, RSV A and RSV B, but little is known regarding the predominance of these subtypes during different seasons and their impact on morbidity and mortality. The study illustrates that information on subtype predominance can be gleaned from wastewater. As a biological composite sample from the entire contributing population, wastewater monitoring of RSV A and B can complement clinical surveillance of RSV.
Benchmarking low- and high-throughput protein cleanup and digestion methods for human fecal metaproteomics
Authors: Tanca Alessandro , Deledda Maria Antonietta , De Diego Laura , Abbondio Marcello , Uzzau Sergio 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

The application of fecal metaproteomics to large-scale studies of the gut microbiota requires high-throughput analysis and standardized experimental protocols. Although high-throughput protein cleanup and digestion methods are increasingly used in shotgun proteomics, no studies have yet critically compared such protocols using human fecal samples. In this study, human fecal protein extracts were processed using several different protocols based on three main approaches: filter-aided sample preparation (FASP), solid-phase-enhanced sample preparation (SP3), and suspension trapping (S-Trap). These protocols were applied in both low-throughput (i.e., microtube-based) and high-throughput (i.e., microplate-based) formats, and the final peptide mixtures were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. The FASP-based methods and the combination of SP3 with in-StageTips (iST) yielded the best results in terms of the number of peptides identified through a database search against gut microbiome and human sequences. The efficiency of protein digestion, the ability to preserve hydrophobic peptides and high molecular weight proteins, and the reproducibility of the methods were also evaluated for the different protocols. Other relevant variables, including interindividual variability of stool, duration of protocols, and total costs, were considered and discussed. In conclusion, the data presented here can significantly contribute to the optimization and standardization of sample preparation protocols in human fecal metaproteomics. Furthermore, the promising results obtained with the high-throughput methods are expected to encourage the development of automated workflows and their application to large-scale gut microbiome studies.

IMPORTANCE
Fecal metaproteomics is an experimental approach that allows the investigation of gut microbial functions, which are involved in many different physiological and pathological processes. Standardization and automation of sample preparation protocols in fecal metaproteomics are essential for its application in large-scale studies. Here, we comparatively evaluated different methods, available also in a high-throughput format, enabling two key steps of the metaproteomics analytical workflow (namely, protein cleanup and digestion). The results of our study provide critical information that may be useful for the optimization of metaproteomics experimental pipelines and their implementation in laboratory automation systems.
Boulders modulate hillslope-channel coupling in the northern Alaska Range
Authors: Bender Adrian M. , Lease Richard O. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Active orogens balance tectonic rock uplift with erosion, commonly via river incision coupled to landslide denudation of “threshold” hillslopes, but sediment’s role in this feedback is unclear. We report fluvial geometry and sediment size, prevalence, and mobility across two ≤600-m-tall gneissic northern Alaska Range anticlines that sustain steep landslide-clad hillslopes but differ 10× in late Pleistocene–recent rock uplift rate. Enigmatically, the river steepens and narrows prominently across the fold experiencing slow surface uplift (~0.5 mm/yr) but remains low-gradient and wide downstream across the anticline undergoing rapid differential rock uplift (~5 mm/yr). Frequent bedload mobilization across both folds implies fluvial equilibration to sediment transport despite discrepant channel forms and similarly prevalent hillslope-derived boulders. Boulder prevalence correlates significantly with channel slope and width on the slowly uplifting anticline, but weakly on the rapidly uplifting anticline. Strong correlations across the tectonically quiescent anticline may reflect local incision-suppressing boulder aggradation that forces the channel to steepen and narrow, consistent with field observations. Conversely, weak correlations across the rapidly uplifting anticline imply that boulders may modulate expected tectonic channel adjustment by preferentially aggrading to subdue slope, and deflecting frequently mobile bedload to drive lateral erosion that maintains channel width, steepens adjacent hillslopes, and perpetuates hillslope-channel coupling. Hence, hillslope-derived boulders may occupy important roles in regulating feedbacks between river incision and landslide erosion that differ fundamentally at high and low tectonic rates.
Fault rock structure-related stiffness contrast explains earthquakes in creeping faults
Authors: Woo Sangwoo , Han Raehee , Lee Hikweon 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Fault rocks exhibit structures resulting from different styles of shear deformation (either distributed or localized) during fault displacement. However, how the fault rock structures affect fault slip behavior remains poorly understood. We conducted shear experiments on thick and thin gouge layers of various mineral compositions, which simulate the predominant development of velocity-strengthening distributed deformation zones and velocity-weakening shear localized zones, respectively. Here, we show that deformation zones with contrasting structures and frictional properties can be developed together in a single fault. If the rheological stiffness of shear localization zones in the fault exceeds the elastic stiffness of neighboring wall rocks, stick-slip can intermittently occur along the localization zones while stable slip persists in the distributed deformation zones. These findings suggest that contrasting rheological stiffnesses resulting from fault rock structures may induce the simultaneous operation of multiple slip modes in a fault and explain the occurrence of earthquakes in creeping faults.
Eocene exhumation of the High Andes at ~30°S differentiated by detrital multimethod U-Pb-He thermochronology
Authors: Fosdick Julie C. , Stevens Goddard Andrea L. , Mackaman-Lofland Chelsea , Lossada Ana C. , Rodríguez María Pía , Carrapa Barbara 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The southern Central Andes (~25–40°S) exhibit a complex tectonic history, crucial for understanding orogenic processes in subduction-related orogens, yet debate on the timing and mechanisms of early Cenozoic topographic growth persists. We present double-dated detrital zircon U-Pb and (U-Th)/He thermochronology data from the early Oligocene–Miocene Bermejo Basin at ~30°S to investigate source unroofing during development of the High Andes. (U-Th)/He results yield dates of ca. 565–16 Ma (n = 73), with distinct detrital modes that indicate a mixing of sediment sources characterized by variable cooling and exhumation histories. We employ a novel approach for modeling detrital thermochronology data that leverages the shared basin subsidence history of multiple detrital modes to resolve provenance and source unroofing histories. Results from the lower Oligocene Vallecito Formation (northwestern Argentina) reveal that detritus was sourced from Permian–Triassic Choiyoi Group rocks that underwent rapid late Eocene cooling, indicated by short lag time (2–5 m.y.) between source cooling and deposition. Our findings are consistent with bedrock studies of Eocene exhumation in the High Andes and establish source-to-basin connectivity during this time. Other detrital modes with pre-Cenozoic cooling histories were derived from Carboniferous Elqui-Colangüil and Choiyoi Group rocks or recycled from Paleozoic basins. We propose that an early Oligocene drainage divide in the High Andes was located west of the Punilla–La Plata fault, an active thrust front at ~30°S. These findings challenge Paleogene neutral stress-state models for the Andes and underscore the importance of improved knowledge of erosion and deformation histories for refining models of Andean orogenesis.
Role of prescribed medication in the development of iron deficiency anaemia in adults—a case–control study
Authors: Prabhu Kiran , Warricker Frazer , Almilaji Orouba , Williams Elizabeth , Snook Jonathon 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveTo estimate the strength of association between exposure to selected classes of prescribed medications and the risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), specifically considering oral anticoagulants (OACs), antidepressants, antiplatelet agents, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories.DesignA case–control study involving the analysis of community repeat prescriptions among subjects referred with IDA, and unmatched controls referred as gastroenterology fast-tracks for other indications. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to calculate ORs for the association between IDA presentation and each medication class, adjusted for age, sex and coprescribing. For those classes showing significance, it was also used to calculate risk differences between those in the IDA group with or without haemorrhagic lesions on investigation.ResultsA total of 1210 cases were analysed—409 in the IDA group, and 801 in the control group. Significant associations were identified between presentation with IDA and long-term exposure to PPIs (OR 3.29, 95% CI: 2.47 to 4.41, p<0.001) and to OACs (OR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.29 to 3.24, p=0.002). IDA was not associated with long-term exposure to any of the other three drug classes. In contrast to the relationship with PPIs, the association with OACs was primarily in the IDA sub-group with haemorrhagic lesions.ConclusionLong-term exposure to PPIs and OACs are independently associated with the risk of developing IDA. There are grounds for considering that these associations may be causal, though the underlying mechanisms probably differ.
Cognitive function in adolescence and the risk of early-onset stroke
Authors: Bardugo Aya , Bendor Cole D , Libruder Carmit , Lutski Miri , Zucker Inbar , Tsur Avishai M , Derazne Estela , Yaniv Gal , Gardner Raquel C , Gerstein Hertzel C , Cukierman-Yaffe Tali , Lebenthal Yael , Batty David , Tanne David , Furer Ariel , Afek Arnon , Twig Gilad 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundStroke is increasingly prevalent at younger ages but the risk factors are uncertain. We examined the association between adolescent cognitive function and early-onset stroke.MethodsThis was a nationwide population-based cohort study of 1 741 345 Israeli adolescents (42% women) who underwent comprehensive cognitive function tests at age 16–20 years, before mandatory military service, during 1987–2012. Cognitive function (range: 1–9) was categorised as low (1–3, corresponding to IQ score below 89), medium (4–7, IQ score range: 89–118), or high (8–9, IQ score above 118). Participant data were linked to the Israeli National Stroke Registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate risks for the first occurrence of ischaemic stroke during 2014–2018.ResultsDuring 8 689 329 person-years of follow-up, up to a maximum age of 50 years, 908 first stroke events occurred (767 ischaemic and 141 haemorrhagic). Compared with a reference group of people with high cognitive function, body mass index-adjusted and sociodemographic-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for early-onset stroke were 1.78 (1.33–2.38) in medium and 2.68 (1.96–3.67) in low cognitive function groups. There was evidence of a dose–response relationship (Pfor trend <0.0001) such that one-unit of lower cognitive function z-score was associated with a 33% increased risk of stroke (1.33; 1.23–1.42). These associations were similar for ischaemic stroke but lower for haemorrhagic stroke; persisted in sensitivity analyses that accounted for diabetes status and hypertension; and were evident before age 40 years.ConclusionsAlongside adolescent obesity and hypertension, lower cognitive function may be a risk factor for early-onset stroke.