bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test of a Benthic Macroinvertebrate Habitat—Flow Time Series Model Incorporating Disturbance and Recovery Processes
Authors: Hayes J. W. , Shearer K. A. , Goodwin E. O. , Hay J. , Allen C. , Olsen D. A. , Jowett I. G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe tested a model [Benthic Invertebrate Time series Habitat Simulation (BITHABSIM)] for simulating the effect of changes in flow on benthic macroinvertebrate habitat and relative abundance. The model calculates a habitat index (WUA2) based on weighted usable area (WUA) modified to account for reduction of invertebrate abundance by flood disturbance and drying followed by recolonization. The test involved a comparison of WUA and WUA2 with a 1‐year abundance time series of the common New Zealand mayfly Deleatidium spp. in a small gravel‐bed river with naturally variable flows. The fit of WUA and WUA2 to the Deleatidium spp. abundance time series was judged on correlation and regression analysis of the magnitudes and slopes of the mean‐standardized indices and abundance versus time. WUA fit the low flow part of the abundance time series fairly well, but not the portion after flood disturbance. Over the entire time series, WUA fit Deleatidium spp. abundance and rate of change poorly. WUA2 fit Deleatidium abundance better, but the correlation was not quite statistically significant at the 95% level. However, it did explain the essential temporal pattern. The fit of the slopes of standardized WUA2 to the slopes of standardized Deleatidium spp. abundance was significant (R2 = 0.66), but with a systematic bias; high slopes were underestimated and low slopes overestimated. BITHABSIM adds biological realism to traditional hydraulic‐habitat modelling based on WUA and so improves the reliability of assessments of effects of flow change on benthic macroinvertebrates over the entire hydrograph. Parameter uncertainty and research needs to improve BITHABSIM and future process‐based models are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing mutation costs through uncovered mutants
Authors: Mateo Pedro Reales , Usaola Macario Polo 
Published: May 2014

SummaryMutation testing is a very effective testing technique that creates mutants in order to design test cases that will kill the mutants. One problem of mutation testing is high costs: creating mutants, executing mutants and calculating the mutation score. This paper empirically analyzes the effect of covering mutants through the mutant schema improved with extra code (MUSIC) technique. This technique annotates the statements covered by the tests in the original system in order to filter the mutant executions, because tests are only executed against the mutants whose mutated statement is covered by the tests. Therefore, MUSIC is meant to reduce the number of required executions and identify infinite loops at a reduced cost. Besides, an experiment was performed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of analyzing the covered mutants. As a result, we conclude that analyzing the covered mutants reduces the execution cost of mutation testing and its application is therefore recommended. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatic Trisectionectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using the Glisson Pedicle Method Combined with Anterior Approach
Authors: Xie Kun‐Lin , Zeng Yong , Wu Hong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatic trisectionectomy is a challenge for surgeons. We describe a technique by combination of the Glisson pedicle method and anterior approach to perform hepatic trisectionectomy.MethodsIn this technique, the Glisson pedicles are isolated above the hilar plate without hilar dissection. After dividing these pedicles, the hepatic hilum can be lowered more easily. With the hepatic hilum brought down, the following step of hepatic parenchyma transection using the anterior approach can be performed safely, avoiding accidental injury to the vessels and hepatic duct in the hilar plate.ConclusionsThis technique provides a safe, easy way to perform hepatic trisectionectomy without warm ischemia injury to the remnant liver.
Comparative efficacy and safety of biosimilar infliximab and other biological treatments in ankylosing spondylitis: systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Baji Petra , Péntek Márta , Szántó Sándor , Géher Pál , Gulácsi László , Balogh Orsolya , Brodszky Valentin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab-biosimilar with other biological drugs for the treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods
Systematic literature review for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with adalimumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab and infliximab-biosimilar in AS was performed and indirect meta-analysis (Bayesian mixed treatment comparison) was carried out. The proportion of patients reaching 20 % improvement by the assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society response criteria (ASAS20) at weeks 12 and 24 was used as efficacy endpoints, and the occurrence of serious adverse events at week 24 was applied to compare the safety of the biologicals.

Results
Altogether, 13 RCTs, identified by the systematic literature search, were included in the analysis. Results on the ASAS20 efficacy endpoint were reported for week 12 in 12 RCTs involving 2,395 patients, and for week 24 in 5 RCTs comprising 1,337 patients. All the five biological agents proved to be significantly superior to placebo. Infliximab showed the highest odds ratio (OR) of 7.2 (95 % CI 3.68–13.19) compared to placebo, followed by infliximab-biosimilar with OR 6.25 (95 % CI 2.55–13.14), both assessed at week 24. No significant difference was found between infliximab-biosimilar and other biological treatments regarding their efficacy and safety.

Conclusions
This is the first study which includes a biosimilar drug in the meta-analysis of biological treatments in AS. The results have proven the similar efficacy and safety profile of infliximab-biosimilar treatment compared to other biologicals.
Understanding the role of social capital in adolescents' Big Five personality effects on school‐to‐work transitions
Authors: Baay Pieter E. , van Aken Marcel A.G. , de Ridder Denise T.D. , van der Lippe Tanja 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe school‐to‐work transition constitutes a central developmental task for adolescents. The role of Big Five personality traits in this has received some scientific attention, but prior research has been inconsistent and paid little attention to mechanisms through which personality traits influence job‐search outcomes. The current study proposed that the joint effects of Big Five personality traits and social capital (i.e., available resources through social relations) would shed more light on adolescents' job‐search outcomes. Analyses on 685 Dutch vocational training graduates showed that extraversion and emotional stability were related to better job‐search outcomes after graduation. Some relations between Big Five personality traits and job‐search outcomes were explained by social capital, but no relations were dependent on social capital. Social capital had a direct relation with the number of job offers. Contrary to popular belief, this study shows that Big Five personality traits and social capital relate to job‐search outcomes largely independently.
Decentralizing postabortion care in Senegal with misoprostol for incomplete abortion
Authors: Gaye Alioune , Diop Ayisha , Shochet Tara , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo expand access to postabortion care (PAC) services in Senegal by introducing misoprostol as a first‐line treatment at the community level.MethodsThe present prospective study enrolled 481 women seeking treatment for incomplete abortion at 11 community health posts in Senegal between September 2011 and August 2012. Participants were given 400 μg of sublingual misoprostol and asked to return to the clinic 1 week later to confirm clinical status. At study completion, all women were asked to respond to a series of questions regarding their experience with this method. All care was provided by nurse midwives.ResultsAll but three of the study women (99.4%; 474/477) had successful complete abortion after taking misoprostol. Almost all women were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment (99.6%; 469/471), would select the method again if needed (98.9%; 465/470), and would recommend the method to a friend (99.8%; 468/469).ConclusionThe results provide further evidence that 400 μg of misoprostol is highly effective for first‐line treatment of incomplete abortion. Furthermore, this regimen can be fully provided by nurse midwives, and can be easily and successfully introduced in community health settings where other methods of PAC may not previously have been available. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01939457
A comparison of trends in cesarean delivery in Paraguay between 1995 and 2008
Authors: Yuen Jiasong , Painter Ian , Abraham Linta , Melian Mercedes , Denno Donna M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo identify maternal factors associated with the rise in the cesarean delivery rate in Paraguay.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the 1995 and the 2008 National Survey on Demographic and Sexual and Reproductive Health data using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsIn 2008, 1094 (37.3%) deliveries were cesarean compared with 781 (19.3%) in 1995. Home births had decreased by 72.9%, accounting for 33.3% of the change in the proportion of cesarean deliveries. Private facilities were associated with an increased odds ratio of cesarean delivery of 2.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.02–3.34) and 4.89 (95% CI, 3.67–6.51) in 1995 and 2008, respectively, and accounted for 32.8% of the increase in cesarean deliveries between 1995 and 2008. Cesarean delivery was also associated with a prior cesarean, insurance status, and maternal higher educational and economic status.ConclusionBetween 1995 and 2008 the cesarean delivery rate in Paraguay almost doubled. More than one‐third of deliveries were cesarean. Shifts toward facility‐ (particularly private) based deliveries and repeat cesarean for women with a previous cesarean influenced this increase. Practice guidelines, regulation, and oversight of facilities, along with education and information for pregnant women, are needed to curb unnecessary and potentially harmful surgical delivery interventions.
Female autonomy and reported abortion‐seeking in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Rominski Sarah D. , Gupta Mira , Aborigo Raymond , Adongo Phillip , Engman Cyril , Hodgson Abraham , Moyer Cheryl 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with self‐reported pregnancy termination in Ghana and thereby appreciate the correlates of abortion‐seeking in order to understand safe abortion care provision.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data from the Ghana 2008 Demographic and Health Survey were used to investigate factors associated with self‐reported pregnancy termination. Variables on an individual and household level were examined by both bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. A five‐point autonomy scale was created to explore the role of female autonomy in reported abortion‐seeking behavior.ResultsAmong 4916 women included in the survey, 791 (16.1%) reported having an abortion. Factors associated with abortion‐seeking included being older, having attended school, and living in an urban versus a rural area. When entered into a logistic regression model with demographic control variables, every step up the autonomy scale (i.e. increasing autonomy) was associated with a 14.0% increased likelihood of reporting the termination of a pregnancy (P < 0.05).ConclusionAlthough health system barriers might play a role in preventing women from seeking safe abortion services, autonomy on an individual level is also important and needs to be addressed if women are to be empowered to seek safe abortion services.
Influence of sphincter defect on biofeedback outcomes in patients with fecal incontinence
Authors: Kaiser Roberto L. Junior , da Silva Giovanna , Braile Domingo M. , Wexner Steven D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective to evaluate the effect of sphincter defect (SD) on biofeedback (BF) response in patients with fecal incontinence.Methods two hundred and forty-two patients with fecal incontinence undergoing BF as exclusive treatment were identified from a BF database. Patients were evaluated with fecal incontinence score (Cleveland Clinic Florida – Fecal Incontinence Score, CCF-FI) and anorectal physiology tests. The pre- and immediate post-treatment outcomes were obtained from the chart, and the long-term outcomes by CCF-FI score that was sent by mail.Results 242 patients underwent BF for fecal incontinence. 143 (59.1%) underwent ultrasonography, 43 (30.1%) of whom had sphincter defect detected on US. The immediate outcomes were not affected by the presence of absence of SD. The second CCF-FI questionnaire was mailed after a mean of 6.1 years after treatment. 31 (57.4%) exhibited improvement, 4 (7.4%) remained unchanged, and 19 (35.2%) had worsening function, which was significantly inferior in patients with SD (p = 0.021). Electromyography demonstrated increased electrical activity in the contraction phase after BF in both groups.Conclusions the majority of patients experience improvement in fecal incontinence after BF. However, patients with SD detected on US prior to treatment seem to have worse function at long term.
Outcomes of Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation of Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Chu Samuel K. , McCormick Zachary , Hwang Sarah , Sliwa James A. , Rydberg Leslie 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the benefits of comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation for patients after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingAn urban academic inpatient rehabilitation hospital.PatientsThis study included 58 patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation after LVAD implantation between 2009 and 2012.MethodsChart review of demographic, clinical, and functional data for patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation after LVAD implantation was performed.Main Outcome MeasurementsLength of stay, admission and discharge Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and FIM efficiency.ResultsThe study included 47 male and 11 female patients ages 21.8‐84.1 years (mean [standard deviation {SD}], 64.2 ± 11.2 years). The mean (SD) length of time between LVAD implantation and admission to rehabilitation was 27.0 ± 15.3 days. Twenty‐one patients (36%) required transfer to an acute care hospital. Ten patients returned after transfer and completed inpatient rehabilitation. For the 47 total patients who completed inpatient rehabilitation, the mean (SD) length of stay was 20.3 ± 10.8 days (range, 7‐50 days). Mean (SD) admission and discharge FIM scores were 68.4 ± 13.6 and 91.7 ± 11.8, respectively, with a mean (SD) difference between admission and discharge FIM scores of 23.4 ± 11.2. The mean (SD) FIM efficiency was 1.33 ± 0.65. Complications during rehabilitation included anemia that required transfusion, respiratory distress, epistaxis, gout flare, automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator firing, and gastrointestinal bleeding.ConclusionsPatients with LVADs demonstrate functional gains in inpatient rehabilitation. However, there is a high incidence of complications in this population, which often requires transfer to an acute care setting.
Self‐Perceived Health Care Needs and Delivery of Health Care Services 5 Years After Moderate‐to‐Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Andelic Nada , Soberg Helene L. , Berntsen Svein , Sigurdardottir Solrun , Roe Cecilie 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the self‐perceived health care needs of patients with moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to assess the impact of the functional level at 1 year after injury on patients' unmet needs at the 5‐year follow‐up.DesignA prospective follow‐up study.SettingClinical research.ParticipantsA total of 93 patients participated in the 5‐year follow‐up.MethodsWe registered demographic and injury‐related data at the time of admission and the scores for the Disability Rating Scale, Glasgow Outcome Scale‐Extended, and Short Form 36 subscales for physical functioning and mental health at 1 and 5 years. The patients' self‐perceived health care needs and use of health care services at 5 years were the main outcome measurements.ResultsAt the 5‐year follow‐up, 70% of patients reported at least 1 perceived need. The self‐perceived health care needs were met for 39% of the patients. The patients with unmet needs (n = 29 [31%]) reported frequent needs in emotional (65%), vocational (62%), and cognitive (58%) domains. These patients were significantly more likely to present a less severe disability on the Disability Rating Scale at the 1‐year follow‐up (odds ratio [OR] 0.11 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.02‐0.7]; P = .02). Worse mental health at the 1‐year follow‐up and a younger age (16‐29 years) largely predicted unmet needs at the 5‐year follow‐up (OR 3.28 [95% CI, 1.1‐10.04], P = .04; and OR 4.93 [95% CI, 0.16‐15.2], P = .005, respectively).ConclusionGaps between self‐perceived health care needs and health care services received at the 5‐year follow‐up were found. An important message to clinicians who provide health care services in the late TBI phase is that they should be aware of patients' long‐term needs regarding cognitive and emotional difficulties. Of equal importance is an emphasis on long‐term vocational rehabilitation services. To ensure the appropriateness of health care service delivery, health care services after TBI should be better targeted at less‐severe TBI population as well.
DEFENDING THE COHERENCE OF CONTEXTUALISM
Authors: Montminy Martin , Skolits Wes 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAccording to a popular objection against epistemic contextualism, contextualists who endorse the factivity of knowledge, the principle of epistemic closure and the knowledge norm of assertion cannot coherently defend their theory without abandoning their response to skepticism. After examining and criticizing three responses to this objection, we offer our own solution. First, we question the assumption that contextualists ought to be interpreted asassertingthe content of their theory. Second, we argue that contextualists need not hold that high epistemic standards govern contexts in which they defend their theory.
SUPERBOSONIZATION VIA RIESZ SUPERDISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: ALLDRIDGE ALEXANDER , SHAIKH ZAIN 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe superbosonization identity of Littelmann, Sommers and Zirnbauer is a new tool for use in studying universality of random matrix ensembles via supersymmetry, which is applicable to non-Gaussian invariant distributions. We give a new conceptual interpretation of this formula, linking it to harmonic superanalysis of Lie supergroups and symmetric superspaces, and in particular, to a supergeneralization of the Riesz distributions. Using the super-Laplace transformation of generalized superfunctions, the theory of which we develop, we reduce the proof to computing the Gindikin gamma function of a Riemannian symmetric superspace, which we determine explicitly.
A FURTHER PROPERTY OF SPHERICAL ISOMETRIES
Authors: TANAKA RYOTARO 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, it is proved that every isometry between the unit spheres of two real Banach spaces preserves the frames of the unit balls. As a consequence, if$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}X$and$Y$are$n$-dimensional Banach spaces and$T_0$is an isometry from the unit sphere of$X$onto that of$Y$then it maps the set of all$(n-1)$-extreme points of the unit ball of$X$onto that of$Y$.
BORNOLOGIES AND LOCALLY LIPSCHITZ FUNCTIONS
Authors: BEER GERALD , GARRIDO M. I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLet$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\langle X,d \rangle $be a metric space. We characterise the family of subsets of$X$on which each locally Lipschitz function defined on$X$is bounded, as well as the family of subsets on which each member of two different subfamilies consisting of uniformly locally Lipschitz functions is bounded. It suffices in each case to consider real-valued functions.
Double Character Sums over Subgroups and Intervals
Authors: CHANG MEI-CHU , SHPARLINSKI IGOR E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe estimate double sums$$\begin{eqnarray}S_{{\it\chi}}(a,{\mathcal{I}},{\mathcal{G}})=\mathop{\sum }\limits_{x\in {\mathcal{I}}}\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\it\lambda}\in {\mathcal{G}}}{\it\chi}(x+a{\it\lambda}),\quad 1\leq a<p-1,\end{eqnarray}$$with a multiplicative character${\it\chi}$modulo $p$where${\mathcal{I}}=\{1,\dots ,H\}$and${\mathcal{G}}$is a subgroup of order$T$of the multiplicative group of the finite field of$p$elements. A nontrivial upper bound on$S_{{\it\chi}}(a,{\mathcal{I}},{\mathcal{G}})$can be derived from the Burgess bound if$H\geq p^{1/4+{\it\varepsilon}}$and from some standard elementary arguments if$T\geq p^{1/2+{\it\varepsilon}}$, where${\it\varepsilon}>0$is arbitrary. We obtain a nontrivial estimate in a wider range of parameters$H$and$T$. We also estimate double sums$$\begin{eqnarray}T_{{\it\chi}}(a,{\mathcal{G}})=\mathop{\sum }\limits_{{\it\lambda},{\it\mu}\in {\mathcal{G}}}{\it\chi}(a+{\it\lambda}+{\it\mu}),\quad 1\leq a<p-1,\end{eqnarray}$$and give an application to primitive roots modulo$p$with three nonzero binary digits.
Influence of night-time protein and carbohydrate intake on appetite and cardiometabolic risk in sedentary overweight and obese women
Authors: Kinsey Amber W. , Eddy Wyatt R. , Madzima Takudzwa A. , Panton Lynn B. , Arciero Paul J. , Kim Jeong-Su , Ormsbee Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

The present study investigated whether whey (WH) protein, casein (CAS) protein or a carbohydrate placebo (PLA) consumed 30 min before sleep could acutely alter appetite or cardiometabolic risk the following morning. A total of forty-four sedentary overweight and obese women (BMI: 25·7–54·6 kg/m2) completed this stratified, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (WH: n 16, age 27·4 (sd 5·0) years; CAS: n 15, age 30·3 (sd 8·1) years; PLA: n 13, age 28·5 (sd 7·2) years). The participants came to the laboratory at baseline (visit 1) and again in the morning after night-time ingestion of either protein or PLA (visit 2). Visit 2 was conducted at least 48 h after visit 1. During visits 1 and 2, the following parameters were measured: appetite (hunger, satiety and desire to eat); resting metabolism; blood lipid and glucose levels; the levels of insulin, leptin, C-reactive protein, insulin-like growth factor-1, cortisol and adiponectin. Data were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA. No group × time interactions were observed for the measured variables; however, a main effect of time was observed for increased satiety (P= 0·03), reduced desire to eat (P= 0·006), and increased insulin levels (P= 0·004) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance values (P= 0·01) after the consumption of either protein or PLA. The results of the present study reveal that night-time consumption of protein or carbohydrate by sedentary overweight and obese women improves their appetite measures but negatively affects insulin levels. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the effects of chronic consumption of low-energy snacks at night on body composition and cardiometabolic risk.