bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast localized two‐dimensional magnetic resonance correlated spectroscopy via spatially encoded technique
Authors: Lin Yanqin , Zhang Qinta , Wei Zhiliang , Cai Shuhui , Zhong Jianhui , Chen Zhong 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo speed up acquisition of localized two‐dimensional (2D) correlated spectroscopy (LCOSY).MethodsA new pulse sequence, dubbed as spatially encoded localized COSY (SLCOSY), based on spatially encoded technique, was developed for localized 2D correlated spectroscopy. It can be used to collect a full 2D spectrum in a single scan and thus on a subsecond timescale.ResultsSLCOSY spectrum of a two‐compartment phantom was obtained with a total acquisition time of 773 ms, with its volume localization confirmed. Localized 2D COSY spectrum of a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy brain phantom within 12 s shows the ability of SLCOSY to detect the metabolites at physiological concentrations. All 10 constituent metabolites in this phantom are reliably detected. SLCOSY spectrum of a sample of pig brain tissue with the acquisition time of 32 s demonstrates the feasibility of SLCOSY for the detection of biological tissues. Twelve pairs of cross peaks are identified.ConclusionThe new method proposed herein enables ultrafast collection of a full 2D COSY spectrum, and it can also be used for fast in vivo analysis of metabolites, when signal‐to‐noise ratio is not a limiting factor. Magn Reson Med 71:903–910, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Warum sind Shampoos frei von Warnhinweisen?
Authors: Klaschka Ursula 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIm Badezimmer müssten einige Körperpflegemittel Gefahrensymbole tragen. Das tun sie nur deshalb nicht, weil diese Produkte explizit von der Verordnung zur Kennzeichnung von Chemikalien ausgenommen sind.
Vor allem Farben und Lacke auf dem Vormarsch
Authors: Schneider Bernd 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIm Jahr 2012 gab es insgesamt weniger Zusammenschlüsse und Akquisitionen als im Jahr zuvor, das vierte Quartal zeigte aber einen Aufwärtstrend. Regional betrachtet gab es in diesem Zeitraum weniger große Transaktionen in Asien als zuvor.
An element‐free method for in‐plane notch problems with anisotropic materials
Authors: Ju S.H. , Hsu H.H. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThis study developed an element‐free Galerkin method (EFGM) to simulate notched anisotropic plates containing stress singularities at the notch tip. Two‐dimensional theoretical complex displacement functions are first deduced into the moving least‐squares interpolation. The interpolation functions and their derivatives are then determined to calculate the nodal stiffness using the Galerkin method. In the numerical validation, an interface layer of the EFGM is used to combine the mesh between the traditional finite elements and the proposed singular notch EFGM. The H‐integral determined from finite element analyses with a very fine mesh is used to validate the numerical results of the proposed method. The comparisons indicate that the proposed method obtains more accurate results for the displacement, stress, and energy fields than those determined from the standard finite element method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of image setting on intracranial translucency measurement by manual and semi‐automated system
Authors: Zhen Li , Yang Xin , Ting Yuen Ha , Chen Min , Leung Tak Yeung 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the agreement between manual and semi‐automated system and the effect of different image settings on intracranial translucency (IT) measurement.MethodsA prospective study was conducted on 55 women carrying singleton pregnancy who attended first trimester Down syndrome screening. IT was measured both manually and by semi‐automated system at the same default image setting. The IT measurements were then repeated with the post‐processing changes in the image setting one at a time. The difference in IT measurements between the altered and the original images were assessed.ResultsIntracranial translucency was successfully measured on 55 images both manually and by semi‐automated method. There was strong agreement in IT measurements between the two methods with a mean difference (manual minus semi‐automated) of 0.011 mm (95% confidence interval – 0.052 mm–0.094 mm). There were statistically significant variations in both manual and semi‐automated IT measurement after changing the Gain and the Contrast. The greatest changes occurred when the Contrast was reduced to 1 (IT reduced by 0.591 mm in semi‐automated; 0.565 mm in manual), followed by when the Gain was increased to 15 (IT reduced by 0.424 mm in semi‐automated; 0.524 mm in manual).ConclusionsThe image settings may affect IT identification and measurement. Increased Gain and reduced Contrast are the most influential factors and may cause under‐measurement of IT. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resection of At‐Risk Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Is Associated with Improved Survival in Patients with Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Landry Christine S. , Lin Heather Y. , Phan Alexandria , Charnsangavej Chusilp , Abdalla Eddie K. , Aloia Thomas , Nicolas Vauthey J. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Yao James C. , Fleming Jason B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine commonly metastasize to regional lymph nodes (LNs). Single‐institution reports suggest that removal of LNs improves outcome, but comprehensive data are lacking. We hypothesized that the extent of lymphadenectomy reported in a large administrative database would be associated with overall survival for jejunal and ileal neuroendocrine tumors.MethodsA search of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database was performed for patients with jejunal and ileal neuroendocrine tumors from 1977 to 2004. Descriptive patient characteristics were collected to include age at diagnosis, sex, race, grade, primary tumor size, LN status, number of LNs resected, presence of distant metastasis, and the type of operation. Statistical analyses were limited to patients with only one primary tumor to exclude patients with other malignancies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the number of LNs resected and the LN ratio (number of positive LNs/total number of LNs removed) to determine the effect on cancer‐specific survival.ResultsAltogether, 1,364 patients were included in this analysis. Removal of any LNs was associated with improved cancer‐specific survival when compared to patients with no LN removal reported (p = 0.0027) on univariate analysis. Among those who had any LNs removed, a median of eight LNs were identified in resection specimens with a median LN ratio of 0.29 (range 0–1). On multivariate analysis (adjusting for age and tumor size), patients with >7 LNs removed experienced better cancer‐specific survival than those with ≤7 LNs removed (median survival not reached vs. 140 months): hazard ratio and 95 % confidence interval were 0.573 (0.402, 0.817) (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThis review of a large number of surgical patients demonstrates that regional mesenteric lymphadenectomy in conjunction with resection of the primary tumor is associated with improved survival of patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumors.
Usefulness of an Inflammation‐Based Prognostic Score (mGPS) for Predicting Survival in Patients with Unresectable Malignant Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshimi , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Kato Masato , Kita Junji , Shimoda Mitsugi , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAn inflammation‐based prognostic score, the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), has been established as a useful tool for predicting postoperative outcome in patients with cancer. However, no studies have investigated the usefulness of the mGPS for prognostication in patients undergoing palliative surgery for unresectable malignant biliary obstruction (UMBO). The present study was conducted to investigate whether the mGPS is useful for predicting the postoperative survival of patients undergoing intraoperative placement of an expandable metal stent for UMBO, or not.MethodsThe mGPS was calculated as follows: patients with both an elevated level of C‐reactive protein (CRP) (>1.0 mg/dL) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 g/dL) were allocated a score of 2. Patients with only an elevated CRP level were allocated a score of 1, and patients without an elevated CRP level (≤1.0 mg/dL) were allocated a score of 0. Postoperative survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and log rank test. The significance of risk factors for postoperative survival was evaluated with the Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsKaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with mGPS 0 (n = 36) and 1 (n = 7) had better postoperative survival (p = 0.017) than patients with mGPS 2 (n = 17). The 6‐month and 1‐year survival rates of patients with mGPS 0 and 1 were 58.1 and 27.3 %, and those for patients with mGPS 2 were 25.0 and 6.2 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that mGPS (0, 1/2) was a significant risk factor for postoperative survival (hazard ratio 3.271; 95 % CI 1.109–9.649; p = 0.032).ConclusionThe mGPS is not only one of the most significant predictors of postoperative survival for UMBO patients receiving intraoperative biliary stenting but also a useful indicator capable of dividing such patients into two independent groups before surgery.
A freshwater ecoregion delineation approach based on freshwater macroinvertebrate community features and spatial environmental data in Taizi River Basin, northeastern China
Authors: Kong Weijing , Meng Wei , Zhang Yuan , Gippel Christopher , Qu Xiaodong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ecoregion is currently widely used as the basic geospatial unit in freshwater biodiversity conservation. The popularly used delineation is usually based on the assumption that attributes of aquatic ecosystems are influenced by landscape‐scale environmental variables. However, few ecoregion delineations attempt to establish the local validity of this assumption prior to delineation, and few studies check the correspondence of the derived ecoregion boundaries with the distributions of attributes of aquatic biota. In this study, we established an approach to overcome these shortcomings. The notable features of the approach are: (1) the delineation variables were filtered through a series of analytical steps to select those that best represented the aquatic community traits, and which avoided redundancy in the data; (2) the method was quantitative and repeatable; and (3) the derived ecoregion boundaries were checked for consistency with the spatial attributes of aquatic biota. The approach was applied in the Taizi River Basin, northeast China. The procedure proposed here filtered out altitude and annual precipitation as the best variables to include in the freshwater ecoregion delineation. Then, using the quantitative ISODATA classification method, the basin was classified into three ecoregions. A test of accuracy indicated that freshwater ecoregions matched well with the spatial distribution pattern of macroinvertebrate community attributes. Statistical analysis showed that natural geographical attributes and river attributes were different in the three ecoregions, and indices representing macroinvertebrate community attributes are significantly different as a whole among the three ecoregions. The case study proved this approach effective on ecoregion delineation.
A new species ofFellhanera(lichenized Ascomycota:Pilocarpaceae) from central North America
Authors: MORSE Caleb A. , LADD Douglas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFellhanera crucitignorum, a blastidiate crustose lichen with anthraquinones and submuriform ascospores, is described as new to science. The species is associated with exposures of non-calcareous sandstones in Kansas and Oklahoma, in the southern portion of North America's Great Plains. The authraquinones are typically concentrated in the blastidia, creating a distinctive grey thallus with localized orange granules.
Why can recognize be pronounced without /ɡ/? On silent letters and French origin in English – and what other explanations there can be
Authors: Huber Daniel 
Published: May 2013

Investigating the phonological patterns, especially the stress patterns, of verbs ending in -ize such as finalize, constitutionalize, etc, the word recognize has attracted my attention. One would not generally attach too much attention to this word for its phonology: it seems to be a run-of-the-mill case of stressing the third-last (antepenultimate) syllable of a non-transparent derivation by -ize. For instance, Nádasdy (2006: 222) treats -ize as a basically neutral (strong) suffix, that is one that is not supposed to interfere with stress-patterns and otherwise of the stem to which it is attached. Following established analyses, he divides -ize words into two categories, though: those that are derived from a free stem ('character > 'characterize, 'final > 'finalize), where stress (indicated by the ' mark) does not shift in the derived verb, and those whose stem is non-transparent ('recognize, 'categorize), and where stress tends to be furthest away from the suffix itself. The fact that recognize has a non-transparent derivation means that there is no free English word *recogn. Ginésy (2004: 126) analyzes recognize as morphologically having a double prefix, re- and co-, which reduces the stem to Latinate -gn-, which is always bound in English. Whether his etymological analysis is warranted for the contemporary morphology of recognize is at least disputable today, but he correctly claims that 'recognize, with stress on the initial syllable, behaves like a non-transparent derivation so it receives antepenultimate stressing. In other words, the most wide-spread pronunciation of recognize, with initial stress, is generally unproblematic in the literature: it is a case of non-transparent derivation by -ize with antepenultimate stressing.
The Torres Indigenous Hip Hop Project: evaluating the use of performing arts as a medium for sexual health promotion
Authors: McEwan Alexandra , Crouch Alan , Robertson Heather , Fagan Patricia 
Published: May 2013

Issue addressedThe Torres Indigenous Hip Hop Project (the Project) was conducted in the Torres and Northern Peninsula Area of Queensland during early 2010. This paper provides a critical analysis of project outcomes and identifies criteria that may form a suitable framework for the assessment of proposals for sexual health promotion using performing arts‐based approaches in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settings.MethodsA case study method was used. The first phase of analysis assessed whether project objectives were met using data collected during project planning and implementation. The second phase used these findings, augmented by interviews with key personnel, to respond to the question ‘How could this be done better?’.ResultsThe Project required significant human and organisational implementation support. The project was successful in facilitating event‐specific community mobilisation. It raised awareness of sexual health disadvantage and engaged effectively with the target group. It laid important groundwork to progress school‐based and community mechanisms to address regional youth disadvantage. Against these benefits are issues of opportunity cost and the need for ongoing resources to capitalise on the opportunities created.ConclusionsWith substantial support and planning, such approaches can play an important role in engaging young people and bridging the gap between clinical interventions and improvements in health deriving from community‐driven strategies.So what?This paper contributes to existing literature by identifying key elements of an effective approach to using performing arts in sexual health promotion in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander settings. It also provides guidance when consideration is being given to investment in resource‐intensive health promotion initiatives.
InterEvScore: a novel coarse-grained interface scoring function using a multi-body statistical potential coupled to evolution
Authors: Andreani Jessica , Faure Guilhem , Guerois Raphael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Structural prediction of protein interactions currently remains a challenging but fundamental goal. In particular, progress in scoring functions is critical for the efficient discrimination of near-native interfaces among large sets of decoys. Many functions have been developed using knowledge-based potentials, but few make use of multi-body interactions or evolutionary information, although multi-residue interactions are crucial for protein–protein binding and protein interfaces undergo significant selection pressure to maintain their interactions.
Results: This article presents InterEvScore, a novel scoring function using a coarse-grained statistical potential including two- and three-body interactions, which provides each residue with the opportunity to contribute in its most favorable local structural environment. Combination of this potential with evolutionary information considerably improves scoring results on the 54 test cases from the widely used protein docking benchmark for which evolutionary information can be collected. We analyze how our way to include evolutionary information gradually increases the discriminative power of InterEvScore. Comparison with several previously published scoring functions (ZDOCK, ZRANK and SPIDER) shows the significant progress brought by InterEvScore.
Availability: http://biodev.cea.fr/interevol/interevscore
Contact: guerois@cea.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
pyGenClean: efficient tool for genetic data clean up before association testing
Authors: Lemieux Perreault Louis-Philippe , Provost Sylvie , Legault Marc-André , Barhdadi Amina , Dubé Marie-Pierre 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Summary: Genetic association studies making use of high-throughput genotyping arrays need to process large amounts of data in the order of millions of markers per experiment. The first step of any analysis with genotyping arrays is typically the conduct of a thorough data clean up and quality control to remove poor quality genotypes and generate metrics to inform and select individuals for downstream statistical analysis. We have developed pyGenClean, a bioinformatics tool to facilitate and standardize the genetic data clean up pipeline with genotyping array data. In conjunction with a source batch-queuing system, the tool minimizes data manipulation errors, accelerates the completion of the data clean up process and provides informative plots and metrics to guide decision making for statistical analysis.
Availability and implementation: pyGenClean is an open source Python 2.7 software and is freely available, along with documentation and examples, from http://www.statgen.org.
Contact: louis-philippe.lemieux.perreault@umontreal.ca or marie-pierre.dube@statgen.org
First Report of Gulf Licaria, Licaria trianda, as a Suscept of Laurel Wilt
Authors: Ploetz R. C. , Konkol J. 
Published: May 2013

Gulf licaria, Licaria trianda (Sw.) Kosterm., is a federally endangered member of the Lauraceae plant family in Miami-Dade County, Florida. It was never common in the area, and urban development has extirpated it from most of its former range; as of 2001, fewer than 10 trees remained in a single, remnant habitat in the continental United States, Simpson Park (25°45′31″N, 80°11′46″W) (2). Laurel wilt, caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola T. C. Harr., Fraedrich & Aghayeva, has recently devastated members of the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States, most notably redbay, Persea borbonia (1). As R. lauricola and its vector, the redbay ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus, have spread in the region, an increasing number of taxa in this plant family have been affected by this disease (1). In 2012, seedlings of gulf licaria and redbay were obtained from local nurseries; they were grown in 30 liter pots, 1.3 m tall, had stems 3 cm in diameter 20 cm above the soil line, and were maintained with standard watering and fertilization practices. In two pathogenicity experiments on July 6 and September 25, 2012, three plants each of gulf licaria and redbay were inoculated with an isolate of R. lauricola, RL4, as described in previous experiments (3), and two plants each were mock inoculated (water control). RL4 is deposited as CBS 127349 at the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands), and a SSU rDNA sequence for it is deposited in GenBank under Accession No. HM446155. Beginning 2 weeks after inoculation, plants were rated on a weekly basis for the development of external symptoms, on a subjective 1 (no symptoms) to 10 (dead) scale (3). After 5 weeks, inoculated plants of redbay in each experiment (positive control) had died after first developing symptoms of wilt and necrotic foliage that are typical for this disease (1). In contrast, inoculated plants of gulf licaria developed severe symptoms by the time experiments were terminated 6 and 11 weeks after inoculation; chlorosis developed on some of the leaves of all plants and these eventually abscised (mean external severities of 7.3 and 6.5, respectively), but plants did not die. Brown to greyish discoloration of sapwood developed in all inoculated plants, and the pathogen was recovered from symptomatic sapwood on CSMA (3). No symptoms developed on mock inoculated plants and the pathogen was not recovered from them. It is concluded that gulf licaria is susceptible to laurel wilt, but that it is apparently less susceptible than redbay. Whether X. glabratus is attracted to, or will bore into, gulf licaria is not known, but will play a significant role in the extent to which this rare tree is affected by laurel wilt. References: (1) S. W. Fraedrich et al. Plant Dis. 92:215, 2008. (2) G. D. Gann et al. Rare Plants of South Florida: Their History, Conservation, and Restoration. Institute for Regional Conservation, Miami, 2002. (3) R. C. Ploetz et al. Plant Pathol. 61:801, 2012.