bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Passive to Radical Revolution in Venezuela’s Populist Project
Authors: Brading Ryan 
Published: February 2014

In December 2001, Hugo Chávez and others changed Venezuela’s Bolivarian revolutionary project, which consisted of replacing a corrupt and elitist constitution with a fair and popular one, into a radical one. In its early stages the project corresponded to what Gramsci called a “passive revolution.” Attempts by opposition forces to crush the construction of a new populist hegemony (a coup in April 2002 and an indefinite strike in December 2002) were met with popular mobilization that reaffirmed Chávez’s hegemonic project. The radical revolution consisted of social programs designed to alleviate the suffering of the poor and consolidated a new hegemonic structure among Venezuela’s lower classes. The concept of “radical revolution” provides a theoretical alternative for assessing the extent to which a political project can be described as populist. En diciembre de 2001, Hugo Chávez y otros cambiaron el proyecto revolucionario bolivariano de Venezuela, que consistía en reemplazar una constitución corrupta y elitista por una justa y popular, por uno radical. En sus primeras etapas, el proyecto correspondió a lo que Gramsci definiera como una “revolución pasiva.” Intentos por fuerzas de la oposición para frenar la construcción de una nueva hegemonía populista (un golpe de estado en abril de 2002 y una huelga indefinida en diciembre de 2002) se encontraron con una movilización popular que reafirmó el proyecto hegemónico de Chávez. La revolución radical consistió en programas sociales concebidos para aliviar el sufrimiento de los pobres y consolidó una nueva estructura hegemónica entre las clases inferiores de Venezuela. El concepto de “revolución radical” proporciona una alternativa teórica para evaluar la medida en que un proyecto político puede ser descrito como populista.
Mycophenolate mofetil improves neurological function and alters blood T-lymphocyte subsets in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Zhu Zhengyu , You Wei , Xie ZhaoHong , Wang Ping , Liu Zhen , Wang Cunfu , Bi JianZhong 
Published: February 2014

Objective This study evaluated the clinical and pathological effects of the immunosuppressive agent mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a model of multiple sclerosis [MS]). Methods EAE rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: model alone ( n = 7); low- or high-dose MMF (20 and 30 mg/kg per day, respectively, n = 6 each) orally for 14 days; methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg per day, n = 6) injected once daily for 3 days. Six normal Wistar rats served as controls. Clinical signs and histopathological findings were evaluated 14 days after treatment started. Results Oral administration of high-dose MMF significantly ameliorated the course of EAE in rats: cumulative clinical scores were lower and weight loss was less than in rats receiving methylprednisolone. The ameliorated disease course was associated with alleviation of histopathological signs of EAE. Treatment increased the blood proportion of CD8+, CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD45RA+ T cells, with a concomitant reduced proportion of CD4+ T cells and ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells, compared with EAE model alone rats. Conclusions MMF may have pharmacological potential in MS treatment and these findings may help in understanding the pathophysiological mechanism of MS.
Analysis of Pitching Velocity in Major League Baseball Players Before and After Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Jiang Jimmy J. , Leland J. Martin 
Published: February 2014

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstructions are relatively common among professional pitchers in Major League Baseball (MLB). To the authors’ knowledge, there has not been a study specifically analyzing pitching velocity after UCL surgery. These measurements were examined in a cohort of MLB pitchers before and after UCL reconstruction. Hypothesis: There is no significant loss in pitch velocity after UCL reconstruction in MLB pitchers. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Between the years 2008 to 2010, a total of 41 MLB pitchers were identified as players who underwent UCL reconstruction. Inclusion criteria for this study consisted of a minimum of 1 year of preinjury and 2 years of postinjury pitch velocity data. After implementing exclusion criteria, performance data were analyzed from 28 of the 41 pitchers over a minimum of 4 MLB seasons for each player. A pair-matched control group of pitchers who did not have a known UCL injury were analyzed for comparison. Results: Of the initial 41 players, 3 were excluded for revision UCL reconstruction. Eight of the 38 players who underwent primary UCL reconstruction did not return to pitching at the major league level, and 2 players who met the exclusion criteria were omitted, leaving data on 28 players available for final velocity analysis. The mean percentage change in the velocity of pitches thrown by players who underwent UCL reconstruction was not significantly different compared with that of players in the control group. The mean innings pitched was statistically different only for the year of injury and the first postinjury year. There were also no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups with regard to commonly used statistical performance measurements, including earned run average, batting average against, walks per 9 innings, strikeouts per 9 innings, and walks plus hits per inning pitched. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in pitch velocity and common performance measurements between players who returned to MLB after UCL reconstruction and pair-matched controls.
University–Industry R&D Collaboration in Korea’s National Innovation System
Authors: Lee Kong-Rae 
Published: February 2014

This article investigates R&D collaboration between universities and firms by looking at R&D outsourcing of private firms to universities and vice versa. It was found that universities are an important research partner of private firms, although industrialists often do not trust the research capabilities of universities. It is evident that universities are accustomed to receiving agents rather than giving agents in R&D activities. This fact implies that a give-and-take culture should be cultivated in universities in order to develop university–industry R&D collaboration. It may bring about university-generated cooperative R&D with private firms if universities contract out more of their research projects to private firms. The results of our study also revealed that government policies to promote university–industry R&D cooperation have been strengthening. Two cases of government policy programmes showed that policy targets, especially to promote university–industry R&D collaboration, tend to be included not only in incumbent policy programmes but also in newly designed policy programmes. The government R&D budget has been increasingly allocated to specific policy programmes focusing on interdisciplinary cooperative R&D activities between universities and private firms.
Effects of renal sympathetic denervation using saline-irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system and endothelin-1
Authors: Lu Jiayi , Ling Zhiyu , Chen Weijie , Du Huaan , Xu Yanping , Fan Jinqi , Long Yi , Chen Shaojie , Xiao Peilin , Liu Zengzhang , Zrenner Bernhard , Yin Yuehui 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are crucial and interacted closely in the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the effects of renal denervation (RDN) on the RAS. Materials and methods: Eight Chinese Kunming dogs underwent bilateral RDN utilizing saline-irrigated radiofrequency ablation catheter. Blood pressure (BP) measurements, blood sampling assays and renal angiography were performed at baseline, 30 min, one month and three months after ablation. Results: During three months of follow-up, RDN caused a significant and uniform reduction in plasma level of renin, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1(ET-1), with the reduction of –5.7±6.8 ( p=0.049), –19.4±19.3 ( p=0.025), and –22.4±21 pg/ml ( p=0.02) for plasma renin, –10.6±7.2 ( p=0.004), –15.9±8.8 ( p=0.001), and –15.2±9.6 pg/ml ( p=0.003) for plasma angiotensin II, as well as –3.9±3 ( p=0.007), –10.8±5 ( p<0.001), and –14.6±6.1 pg/ml ( p<0.001) for plasma ET-1. RDN utilizing a saline-irrigated catheter also caused a progressive and substantial BP reduction of –19±22/–8±13, –30±13/–13±14, and –36±20/–16±14 mm Hg ( p=0.045, p<0.001, and p<0.002 for systolic BP; p=0.14, p=0.036, and p=0.014 for diastolic BP) without ablation-related complications. Conclusion: RDN substantially decreased BP and also significantly decreased the plasma levels of RAS and ET-1, which might be implicated in the mechanism of BP reduction by RDN.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D polymorphism is associated with pneumonia risk: A meta-analysis
Authors: Nie Wei , Zang Yuansheng , Chen Jiquan , Liu Tao , Xiao Lin , Xiu Qingyu 
Published: February 2014

Background: Previous studies examined the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE) I/D polymorphism and pneumonia, but their results were inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the effect of ACE I/D polymorphism on pneumonia risk and pneumonia-related mortality. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched for relevant studies published up to 27 April 2013. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: Pooled analysis of 12 case-control studies (1431 cases and 3600 controls) showed that there was a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and pneumonia risk in a recessive genetic model (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.30–1.80, p < 0.00001). No significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and mortality was observed (OR = 2.68, 95% CI 0.80–8.90, p = 0.11). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis confirmed that ACE I/D polymorphism was associated with pneumonia risk. However, ACE I/D polymorphism was not associated with pneumonia mortality.
Anti-stress and nootropic activity of drugs affecting the renin-angiotensin system in rats based on indirect biochemical evidence
Authors: Anil Kumar KV , Nagwar Shrasti , Thyloor Rama , Satyanarayana Sreemantula 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Various stress hormones are responsible for bringing out stress-related changes and are implicated in learning and memory processes. The extensive clinical experience of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and direct renin inhibitor as antihypertensive agents provides anecdotal evidence of improvements in cognition. The neurochemical basis underlying the anti-stress and nootropic effects are unclear. This study was aimed to determine the effects of aliskiren, valsartan and their combination on the neuromediators of the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery as well as on cognitive function. Materials and methods: Groups of rats were subjected to a forced swim stress for one hour after daily treatment with aliskiren, valsartan and their combination. The 24 h urinary excretion of vanillylmandellic acid (VMA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-β-hydroxycortisol (6-β-OH) cortisol and homovanillic acid (HVA) was determined in all groups under normal and stressed conditions. Nootropic activity was studied using cook’s pole climbing apparatus and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity by Ellman’s method. Results: Administration of aliskiren (10 mg/kg), valsartan (20 mg/kg) and their combination at a dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively reduced the urinary metabolite levels. Further, all drugs showed significant improvement in scopolamine-impaired performance and produced inhibition of the AChE enzyme. Conclusions: The present study provides scientific support for the anti-stress and nootropic activities of aliskiren, valsartan and their combination.
A catalytic-independent role for the LUBAC in NF-κB activation upon antigen receptor engagement and in lymphoma cells
Authors: Dubois Sonia M. , Alexia Catherine , Wu Youtong , Leclair Héloïse M. , Leveau Claire , Schol Emilie , Fest Thierry , Tarte Karin , Chen Zhijian J. , Gavard Julie , Bidère Nicolas 
Published: February 2014

Key Points
LUBAC elements HOIP and SHARPIN participate in T-cell receptor-mediated NF-κB activation independently of HOIP catalytic activity. LUBAC silencing compromises constitutive NF-κB activation and cell survival in ABC DLBCL lines.
Genomic rearrangements involving programmed death ligands are recurrent in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Twa David D. W. , Chan Fong Chun , Ben-Neriah Susana , Woolcock Bruce W. , Mottok Anja , Tan King L. , Slack Graham W. , Gunawardana Jay , Lim Raymond S. , McPherson Andrew W. , Kridel Robert , Telenius Adele , Scott David W. , Savage Kerry J. , Shah Sohrab P. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Steidl Christian 
Published: February 2014

Key PointsProgrammed death ligands 1 and 2 are rearranged at a frequency of 20% in PMBCL.
Duration of anticoagulant therapy for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
Authors: Kearon Clive , Akl Elie A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
It takes about 3 months to complete “active treatment” of venous thromboembolism (VTE), with further treatment serving to prevent new episodes of thrombosis (“pure secondary prevention”). Consequently, VTE should generally be treated for either 3 months or indefinitely (exceptions will be described in the text). The decision to stop anticoagulants at 3 months or to treat indefinitely is dominated by the long-term risk of recurrence, and secondarily influenced by the risk of bleeding and by patient preference. VTE provoked by a reversible risk factor, or a first unprovoked isolated distal (calf) deep vein thrombosis (DVT), has a low risk of recurrence and is usually treated for 3 months. VTE associated with active cancer, or a second unprovoked VTE, has a high risk of recurrence and is usually treated indefinitely. The decision to stop anticoagulants at 3 months or to treat indefinitely is more finely balanced after a first unprovoked proximal DVT or pulmonary embolism (PE). Indefinite anticoagulation is often chosen if there is a low risk of bleeding, whereas anticoagulation is usually stopped at 3 months if there is a high risk of bleeding. The decision to continue anticoagulation indefinitely after a first unprovoked proximal DVT or PE is strengthened if the patient is male, the index event was PE rather than DVT, and/or d-dimer testing is positive 1 month after stopping anticoagulant therapy.
Management of bronchiectasis
Authors: King P.T. , Daviskas E. 
Published: February 2014

Educational aimsTo describe the specific current and potential future treatments for bronchiectasis.To describe a potential management plan for the treatment of bronchiectasis.SummaryNon-cystic fibrosis (non-CF) bronchiectasis remains a common and difficult respiratory condition to manage. Patients with bronchiectasis generally tend to have persistent symptoms and require long-term medical treatment. There are a large number of treatment options available for the management of bronchiectasis. However only a limited number of trials to assess efficacy of treatment have been conducted. These studies have generally included fewer than 20 patients and very few of them have been randomised or blinded. As such, the management of bronchiectasis is not clearly defined. This review will discuss the specific treatments available to treat patients with non-CF bronchiectasis and how they could be integrated into a specific management plan.
Exploration of microRNAs in porcine milk exosomes
Authors: Chen Ting , Xi Qian-Yun , Ye Rui-Song , Cheng Xiao , Qi Qi-En , Wang Song-Bo , Shu Gang , Wang Li-Na , Zhu Xiao-Tong , Jiang Qing-Yan , Zhang Yong-Liang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundBreast milk contains complex nutrients and facilitates the maturation of various biological systems in infants. Exosomes, membranous vesicles of endocytic origin found in different body fluids such as milk, can mediate intercellular communication. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of non-coding small RNAs of 18–25 nt which are known to be packaged in exosomes of human, bovine and porcine milk, may play important roles in the development of piglets.ResultsIn this study, exosomes of approximately 100 nm in diameter were isolated from porcine milk through serial centrifugation and ultracentrifugation procedures. Total RNA was extracted from exosomes, and 5S ribosomal RNA was found to be the major RNA component. Solexa sequencing showed a total of 491 miRNAs, including 176 known miRNAs and 315 novel mature miRNAs (representing 366 pre-miRNAs), which were distributed among 30 clusters and 35 families, and two predicted novel miRNAs were verified targeting 3’UTR of IGF-1R by luciferase assay. Interestingly, we observed that three miRNAs (ssc-let-7e, ssc-miR-27a, and ssc-miR-30a) could be generated from miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs). The top 10 miRNAs accounted for 74.5% (67,154 counts) of total counts, which were predicted to target 2,333 genes by RNAhybrid software. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses using DAVID bioinformatics resources indicated that the identified miRNAs targeted genes enriched in transcription, immunity and metabolism processes, and 14 of the top 20 miRNAs possibly participate in regulation of the IgA immune network.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that porcine milk exosomes contain a large number of miRNAs, which potentially play an important role in information transfer from sow milk to piglets. The predicted miRNAs of porcine milk exosomes in this study provide a basis for future biochemical and biophysical function studies.
Regulation of the phosphorylation and nuclear import and export of β-catenin by APC and its cancer-related truncated form
Authors: Wang Lili , Liu Xiaoyong , Gusev Ekaterina , Wang Chuanxin , Fagotto François 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the first direct analysis of the endogenous β-catenin phosphorylation activity in colon cancer SW480 cells. By comparing parental SW480 cells that harbor a typical truncated adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) form, cells expressing full-length APC and APC-depleted cells, we provide the formal demonstration that APC is necessary for β-catenin phosphorylation, both for priming of the protein at residue serine 45 and for the subsequent phosphorylation of residues 33, 37 and 41. Truncated APC still sustains a surprisingly high phosphorylation activity, which requires the protein to bind to β-catenin through the APC 20-amino-acid (20AA) repeats, thus providing a biochemical explanation for the precise truncations found in cancer cells. We also show that most of the β-catenin phosphorylation activity is associated with a dense insoluble fraction. We finally examine the impact of full-length and truncated APC on β-catenin nuclear transport. We observe that β-catenin is transported much faster than previously thought. Although this fast translocation is largely insensitive to the presence of wild-type or truncated APC, the two forms appear to limit the pool of β-catenin that is available for transport, which could have an impact on β-catenin nuclear activities in normal and cancer cells.
Quality Management at the Russian Timber Enterprises in Compliance with FSC Standards
Authors: Баурина  , Baurina Svetlana 
Published: February 2014

Peculiarities of quality management at the timber industry enterprises of this
country based on FSC standards are considered. Practical experience of
implementing FSC voluntary forest certification in Russia is analyzed. Geography
of Russia’s certified forests is presented. Current system of state forest
certification in Russia is briefly characterized and the prospects of its development
are outlined.
Basic science of anterior cruciate ligament injury and repair
Authors: Kiapour A. M. , Murray M. M. 
Published: February 2014

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most devastating and frequent injuries of the knee. Surgical reconstruction is the current standard of care for treatment of ACL injuries in active patients. The widespread adoption of ACL reconstruction over primary repair was based on early perception of the limited healing capacity of the ACL. Although the majority of ACL reconstruction surgeries successfully restore gross joint stability, post-traumatic osteoarthritis is commonplace following these injuries, even with ACL reconstruction. The development of new techniques to limit the long-term clinical sequelae associated with ACL reconstruction has been the main focus of research over the past decades. The improved knowledge of healing, along with recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, has resulted in the discovery of novel biologically augmented ACL-repair techniques that have satisfactory outcomes in preclinical studies. This instructional review provides a summary of the latest advances made in ACL repair. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:20–31.
A Real-Time Imaging System for Lumber Strength Prediction
Authors: Hietaniemi Riku , López Miguel Bordallo , Hannuksela Jari , Silvén Olli 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this article, we describe a system for machine vision–based lumber strength prediction. The system utilizes images taken from all four sides of pinewood boards. Those images are further divided into small subareas, and the local gradients inside each area are used to calculate the local grain direction. Together, these directions form the grain direction map. The grain direction map and knot features are used to predict the breaking strength of the board. Because of the high speed of production lines, we also present a parallel general-purpose graphics processing unit (GPGPU) implementation of the method to achieve real-time performance using low-cost hardware. We describe the challenges of the design on a GPU compared with a traditional central processing unit implementation. Most of the modern sawmills already have multiple camera systems in use, making the camera-based strength prediction extremely cost effective. In our experiments, an r2 value of 0.63 was obtained between the measured strength attributes of the board and our strength prediction coefficient. The ground truth for the breaking strength was measured using destructive 3-point bending tests. Using a regular desktop computer, the described system achieves a throughput of over 50 Mpixels/s. For the parallel implementation, we provide qualitative evaluation of the results and a comparison of the computational speed on several platforms.
Industry Cycles in the US Softwood Lumber Industry: 1985 through 2010
Authors: Mehrotra Shiv N. , Kant Shashi , Majumdar Indrajit 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Cyclical patterns in business activity are a common feature of industry in market economies. This study identifies and describes industry cycles in the US softwood lumber industry from 1985 to 2010. Statistical decomposition and filtering procedures are applied to time series data on sales volumes to extract the cyclical component, and nonparametric techniques are used to date the industry cycles. The study identifies four softwood lumber industry cycles: three coincident with business cycles and one attributable to developments in the US–Canada softwood lumber trade dispute. Softwood lumber industry cycle durations ranged between 5 and 6 years. Decline in seasonally adjusted softwood lumber industry business activity caused by cyclic contractions averaged 13 percent for the period under study, with the most recent contraction (January 2006 to March 2009) contributing a 22 percent decline in business activity.