bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vancomycin‐Associated Nephrotoxicity in Adult Medicine Patients: Incidence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors
Authors: Meaney Calvin J. , Hynicka Lauren M. , Tsoukleris Mona G. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveThe prevalence of vancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity (VAN) is reported to vary from 1.0–42.6%, with most data from critically ill patients. Evaluation of VAN among internal medicine patients is lacking. Our objectives were to determine the incidence, time‐course, outcomes, and risk factors of VAN in adult internal medicine patients.DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingTertiary care academic medical center.PatientsA total of 125 adult internal medicine patients receiving vancomycin treatment with mean baseline creatinine clearance of 84.6 ± 27.6 ml/min.InterventionVancomycin treatment for a minimum of 72 hours.Measurements and Main ResultsNephrotoxicity, defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dl or 50% above baseline (whichever was larger), occurred in 17 (13.6%) of 125 patients. No patients with VAN progressed to Loss or End stage as defined by the RIFLE criteria. The incidence rate of VAN was 0.02 cases/day of vancomycin treatment. Nephrotoxicity developed at a median of 4.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 2.2–4.9) peaked at 5.7 days (IQR: 3.8–9.6), and resolved in 70.6% of the cases within 16.5 days (IQR: 6.0–17.8) after onset. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, after controlling for hypotensive episodes, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and baseline creatinine clearance, concomitant use of piperacillin‐tazobactam was associated with increased VAN (adjusted odds ratio 5.36, 95% confidence interval 1.41–20.5).ConclusionsVancomycin‐associated nephrotoxicity is prevalent among internal medicine patients, with 5.36‐fold higher odds if piperacillin‐tazobactam is concomitantly administered.
Chain‐growth condensation polymerization approach to synthesis of well‐defined polybenzoxazole: Importance of higher reactivity of 3‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzoic acid ester compared to 4‐amino‐3‐hydroxybenzoic acid ester
Authors: Ohta Yoshihiro , Niiyama Tetsurou , Yokoyama Akihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTApplication of chain‐growth condensation polymerization (CGCP) to obtain well‐defined polybenzoxazole (PBO) was examined. CGCP of both phenyl 3‐{(2‐methoxyethoxy)methoxy (MEM‐oxy)}‐4‐(octylamino)benzoate (1b) (para‐substituted monomer) and phenyl 4‐MEM‐oxy‐3‐(octylamino)benzoate (3b) (meta‐substituted monomer) was examined in the presence of metal disilazide base and phenyl 4‐nitro‐ or methylbenzoate 2 as an initiator. Polymerization of the latter monomer, but not the former, afforded polymer with controlled molecular weight based on the feed ratio of monomer to initiator and with a narrow molecular weight distribution. Accordingly, monomer 3c, in which the octyl group on the amino nitrogen of 3b was replaced with a 4‐(octyloxy)benzyl (OOB) group, was polymerized in the presence of lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), phenyl 4‐methylbenzoate (2b), and LiCl in THF at 0 °C to yield poly3c with well‐defined molecular weight (Mn = 4520–9080) and low polydispersity (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.11). Treatment of poly3c with trifluoroacetic acid simultaneously removed the MEM and OOB groups, affording poly(o‐hydroxyamide) (poly4) without scission of the amide linkages. Cyclodehydration of poly4 proceeded at 350 °C to yield PBO (poly5), which was insoluble in organic solvents and acids. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1730–1736
Resistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐inhibiting herbicides
Authors: Kaundun Shiv S 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResistance to acetyl‐CoA carboxylase herbicides is documented in at least 43 grass weeds and is particularly problematic in Lolium, Alopecurus and Avena species. Genetic studies have shown that resistance generally evolves independently and can be conferred by target‐site mutations at ACCase codon positions 1781, 1999, 2027, 2041, 2078, 2088 and 2096. The level of resistance depends on the herbicides, recommended field rates, weed species, plant growth stages, specific amino acid changes and the number of gene copies and mutant ACCase alleles. Non‐target‐site resistance, or in essence metabolic resistance, is prevalent, multigenic and favoured under low‐dose selection. Metabolic resistance can be specific but also broad, affecting other modes of action. Some target‐site and metabolic‐resistant biotypes are characterised by a fitness penalty. However, the significance for resistance regression in the absence of ACCase herbicides is yet to be determined over a practical timeframe. More recently, a fitness benefit has been reported in some populations containing the I1781L mutation in terms of vegetative and reproductive outputs and delayed germination. Several DNA‐based methods have been developed to detect known ACCase resistance mutations, unlike metabolic resistance, as the genes remain elusive to date. Therefore, confirmation of resistance is still carried out via whole‐plant herbicide bioassays. A growing number of monocotyledonous crops have been engineered to resist ACCase herbicides, thus increasing the options for grass weed control. While the science of ACCase herbicide resistance has progressed significantly over the past 10 years, several avenues provided in the present review remain to be explored for a better understanding of resistance to this important mode of action. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Comparison of Automatic Nap‐of‐the‐earth Guidance Strategies for Helicopters
Authors: Johnson Eric N. , Mooney John G. 
Published: April 2014

This paper describes updated results from a partnership between the Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation and the Georgia Institute of Technology to develop, improve, and flight‐test a sensor, guidance, navigation, control, and real‐time flight path optimization system to support high‐performance nap‐of‐the‐earth helicopter flight. Multiple obstacle avoidance methods are evaluated, including (1) a simple processing of each laser scan; (2) a motion primitive optimization method, and (3) a potential‐field‐based method. Simulation and flight test results have been obtained utilizing an onboard laser scanner to detect terrain and obstacles while flying at low altitude, and they have successfully demonstrated obstacle avoidance in a realistic semiurban environment at speeds up to 12 m/s while maintaining a specified vertical and horizontal miss distance. Additionally, the performance of the selected LIDAR model in multiple degraded environments was observed. The performances of the three guidance methods are directly compared, using a published benchmark performance for reference. These results validate the above approaches and pave the way for extensions to this work, including investigation of additional motion primitives and the relationship between sensor range and aircraft performance requirements.
On longest paths and diameter in random apollonian networks
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Ehsan , Farczadi Linda , Gao Pu , Mehrabian Abbas , Sato Cristiane M. , Wormald Nick , Zung Jonathan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe consider the following iterative construction of a random planar triangulation. Start with a triangle embedded in the plane. In each step, choose a bounded face uniformly at random, add a vertex inside that face and join it to the vertices of the face. After n – 3 steps, we obtain a random triangulated plane graph with n vertices, which is called a Random Apollonian Network (RAN). We show that asymptotically almost surely (a.a.s.) a longest path in a RAN has length o(n), refuting a conjecture of Frieze and Tsourakakis. We also show that a RAN always has a cycle (and thus a path) of length , and that the expected length of its longest cycles (and paths) is . Finally, we prove that a.a.s. the diameter of a RAN is asymptotic to , where is the solution of an explicit equation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 703–725, 2014
Zur Nachhaltigkeit von Stahl‐ und Verbund‐ konstruktionen bei Büro‐ und Verwaltungsgebäuden – Teil 1: Tragkonstruktionen
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Podgorski Christine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIm folgenden Beitrag wird auf die Nachhaltigkeit von Tragkonstruktionen für Büro‐ und Verwaltungsgebäude eingegangen. Nach einer Beschreibung der Anforderungen aus der Objekt‐ und Tragwerksplanung werden Deckensysteme in Verbundbauweise, die Systemwahl und seine statisch‐konstruktive Auslegung erläutert. Zur Nachhaltigkeit wird zunächst eine Übersicht über Prinzipien, die Normungssituation und die Umsetzung im AIF‐FOSTA‐Projekt P881 [1] gegeben. Anschließend werden Grundlagen und Wege zur Beurteilung der ökologischen und ökonomischen Qualitäten beschrieben. Es folgen Parameterstudien zur Optimierung und Einordnung der Tragkonstruktionen nach Nachhaltigkeitskriterien. Zur Begrenzung des Umfangs werden zunächst Untersuchungen zu Deckensystemen vorgestellt. Ein noch folgender Beitrag enthält weitere Parameterstudien unter Einbeziehung von Gebäudestützen und Brandschutzmaßnahmen.Sustainability of steel and composite structures of office and administration buildings – Part 1: structural systems. The following article concerns the sustainability of structural systems of office and administration buildings. After a description of the requirements resulting from the building and structural design, slab systems in composite construction, the choice of the structural system as well as structural design will be explained. With respect to the sustainability an overview of the principles, the standardization situation and the implementation into the AIF‐FOSTA‐project P881 [1] is given. Subsequently basics and methods to assess the environmental and economic performances are described. Parameter studies for optimization and classification of the structural system according to sustainability criteria are following. To limit the scope, firstly, investigations of slab systems are presented. A following article will include further parameter studies involving columns and fire protection measures.
Versuche zur Zug‐Abscher‐Interaktionstragwirkung von Schrauben
Authors: Renner Anja , Lange Jörg 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeit Mitte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts sind Schrauben im Stahlbau als Verbindungsmittel etabliert. Für viele Anwender kam daher die Änderung der Interaktionsformel zur Bemessung von Schrauben unter kombinierter Zug‐Abscher‐Beanspruchung im neu eingeführten Eurocode 3 (DIN EN 1993‐1‐8) gegenüber der altbekannten DIN 18800‐Formel sehr überraschend. Die bisher vertraute quadratische Interaktion wird im Eurocode durch eine deutlich konservativere, bi‐lineare Funktion ersetzt. Auf der Suche nach einer Antwort auf die Frage, welche Funktion zur Beschreibung des Tragverhaltens von Schrauben unter kombinierter Belastung richtig ist, wurde am Fachgebiet Stahlbau der TU Darmstadt eine Reihe von Versuchen durchgeführt.Experimental study on the combined tension and shear load bearing behavior of bolts. Since the middle of last century bolts are an established part of connections in steel structures. Therefore for many design engineers the change in the design rule for bolts under combined tension and shear load in the newly introduced Eurocode 3 (EN 1993‐1‐8) towards the well‐known DIN 18800 design rule came rather as a surprise. The hitherto quadratic interaction function is replaced by a by far more conservative, bi‐linear function. Searching for the answer to the question, which function really describes the behavior of bolts under combined load, a number of tests were conducted at the Department of Steel Structures at the TU Darmstadt.
Stability of steel structures in fire
Authors: Knobloch Markus 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe stability behaviour of steel structures in fire is strongly affected by the decreasing stiffness during heating, the nonlinear elevated temperature stress‐strain response and thermal creep effects. The paper gives an overview of studies on the fire behaviour of steel structures. A major focus of the paper is to summarize recent studies on the material, cross‐sectional, member and global structure level performed in Switzerland in recent years. The results of the studies indicate that the use of force‐based analytical models using uniform temperature‐dependent effective yield strengths, as used for ambient temperature designs, are less suitable for fire design and distinct nonlinear material behaviour then deformation‐based models which have been proposed for different stability phenomena. These models seem to accurately predict the fire behaviour of steel structures on all structural levels.Stabilitätsverhalten von Stahltragwerken im Brandfall – Stand der Forschung, aktuelle Studien in der Schweiz und zukünftige Entwicklungen. Das Stabilitätsverhalten von Stahltragwerken im Brandfall wird entscheidend von der abnehmenden Steifigkeit während der Erwärmung, dem nichtlinearen Spannungs‐Dehnungsverhalten von Baustahl bei erhöhten Temperaturen sowie den Hochtemperaturkriecheffekten beeinflusst. Die Veröffentlichung gibt einen Überblick über Untersuchungen zum Brandverhalten von Stahlkonstruktionen und fasst dabei insbesondere die Ergebnisse neuerer in der Schweiz durchgeführter Studien auf Material‐, Querschnitts‐, Bauteil‐ und Tragwerksebene zusammen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass verformungsgrößenorientierte analytische Modelle das Brandverhalten von Stahlkonstruktionen zutreffend beschreiben können und für ausgeprägt nichtlineares Materialverhalten besser geeignet sind als konventionelle schnittgrößenorientierte Tragmodelle.
Zur Stabilität von oberflächennah durch plastisches Umformen eingeprägten Eigenspannungen
Authors: Mangerig Ingbert , Hess Andreas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDurch das Einprägen von oberflächennahen Eigenspannungen kann die Lebensdauer von Metallbauteilen erheblich erhöht werden. An den Außenflächen werden dabei durch plastisches Umformen Druckeigenspannungen erzeugt, die zusammen mit Zugeigenspannungen ein Gleichgewichtssystem bilden. Da bei schwingenden Beanspruchungen mit anwachsenden Schädigungen auch zunehmende Verzerrungen entstehen, die Aufrechterhaltung von Eigenspannungen aber eine Blockade von Bewegungen voraussetzt, sind im Zusammenhang mit deren Stabilität Fragen der Materialdegradation zu behandeln. Ausgehend von Versetzungsbewegungen werden Fragen zur Stabilität eingeprägter plastischer Verformungen diskutiert und Befunde von Ermüdungstests an nachbehandelten Schweißnähten vorgestellt.The stability of subsurface residual stresses induced by plastic deformation. Induced subsurface residual compression stresses can considerably increase the service life of metal components. In the case of such stresses on the outer surfaces generated by plastic deformation an equilibrium system with residual tensile stresses inside exists. Under cyclic loading the material degradation process causes with increased strains against the odds of a continued existence of residual stresses. In accordance with material degradation questions with regard to the stability of imposed residual stresses have to be answered. The dislocation motion issues are discussed in view of the stability induced plastic deformations, moreover, results of fatigue tests on specimen with post‐treated welds are presented.
Genistein increases glycosaminoglycan levels in mucopolysaccharidosis type I cell models
Authors: Kingma Sandra D. K. , Wagemans Tom , IJlst Lodewijk , Wijburg Frits A. , van Vlies Naomi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by diminished degradation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which results in the accumulation of these GAGs and subsequent cellular dysfunction. Patients present with a variety of symptoms, including severe skeletal disease. Genistein has been shown previously to inhibit GAG synthesis in MPS fibroblasts, presumably through inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To determine the potentials of genistein for the treatment of skeletal disease, MPS I fibroblasts were induced into chondrocytes and osteoblasts and treated with genistein. Surprisingly, whereas tyrosine phosphorylation levels (as a measure for tyrosine kinase inhibition) were decreased in all treated cell lines, there was a 1.3 and 1.6 fold increase in GAG levels in MPS I chondrocytes and fibroblast, respectively (p < 0.05). Sulfate incorporation in treated MPS I fibroblasts was 2.6 fold increased (p < 0.05), indicating increased GAG synthesis despite tyrosine kinase inhibition. This suggests that GAG synthesis is not exclusively regulated through the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGFR. We hypothesize that the differences in outcomes between studies on the effect of genistein in MPS are caused by the different effects of genistein on different growth factor signaling pathways, which regulate GAG synthesis. More studies are needed to elucidate the precise signaling pathways which are affected by genistein and alter GAG metabolism in order to evaluate the therapeutic potential of genistein for MPS patients.
Narratives and traits in personality development among New Zealand Māori, Chinese, and European adolescents
Authors: Reese Elaine , Chen Yan , McAnally Helena M. , Myftari Ella , Neha Tia , Wang Qi , Jack Fiona 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTNarrative and trait levels of personality were assessed in a sample of 268 adolescents from age 12 to 21 from New Zealand Māori, Chinese, and European cultures. Adolescents narrated three critical events and completed a Big Five personality inventory. Each narrative was coded for causal and thematic coherence. NZ Chinese adolescents reported lower levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness, and higher levels of neuroticism, than NZ Māori or European adolescents. Cultural differences were also evident in narrative coherence. Adolescents in all three groups demonstrated age‐related increases in thematic coherence, but only NZ European adolescents demonstrated the expected age‐related increases in causal coherence. Narrative identity and traits were distinct aspects of personality for younger adolescents, but were linked for middle and older adolescents. These findings support the importance of both narrative identity and traits in understanding personality development in adolescents across cultures.
Identity formation of Italian emerging adults living with parents: A narrative study
Authors: Aleni Sestito Laura , Sica Luigia S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines the links between family and identity processes of Italian emerging adults living with their parents. Examining the impact of family is important in the countries of Mediterranean area where also emerging adults live with parents for a prolonged time. In Italy living with parents is associated with a specific “delay syndrome” in the transition to adulthood. Participants consisted of 20 Italian emerging adults attending second and last years of university, in a large Italian city (Naples). All participants were subjected to an open interview, based on the thematic life story. Our findings indicate that parents are perceived as active agents of identity, responsive and supportive of autonomy; they encourage the active involvement of young people in the work of identity formation. Despite this, parental impact produces different configurations that could shed light on the pathways of Italian emerging adults' transition to adulthood. The above configurations are discussed using exemplars.
Homeschooled adolescents in the United States: Developmental outcomes
Authors: Green‐Hennessy Sharon 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe mission of schools has broadened beyond academics to address risk behaviors such as substance use, delinquency, and socialization problems. With an estimated 3.4% of all U.S. youth being homeschooled, this study examines how U.S. homeschoolers fare on these outcomes given their lack of access to these school services. Adolescents (ages 12–17) from the 2002 through 2011 National Surveys of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were divided based on school status (home vs. traditional schooling) and religious affiliation (stronger vs. weaker). Controlling for demographic differences, homeschoolers with weaker religious ties were three times more likely to report being behind their expected grade level and two and a half times more likely to report no extracurricular activities in the prior year than their traditionally schooled counterparts. This group was also more likely to report lax parental attitudes toward substance use. Findings suggest homeschoolers with weaker religious ties represent an at‐risk group.
Obstetric competence among referral healthcare providers in Mali
Authors: Huchon Cyrille , Arsenault Catherine , Tourigny Caroline , Coulibaly Aliou , Traore Mamadou , Dumont Alexandre , Fournier Pierre 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factors associated with obstetric competency and clinical practice among obstetric care providers in referral health centers in Mali.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study was conducted between March and May 2012 among 140 obstetric care providers (obstetric nurses, midwives, and physicians) working in referral health centers in Mali. Emergency obstetric care knowledge and skills were evaluated with clinical vignettes developed using national Malian guidelines. The vignettes covered 5 areas of emergency obstetric care, and the results were used to generate a competency score. A backward stepwise random‐effects model using a maximum likelihood estimator was applied to evaluate variables independently associated with competency score.ResultsOut of 100, the mean ± SD score was 57.8 ± 11.2 for obstetric nurses, 66.4 ± 14.7 for midwifes, and 78.6 ± 13.4 for physicians (P < 0.001). Three variables were significantly associated with a higher competency score: professional qualification, working in an urban setting, and working in a health center with a smaller number of obstetric care providers.ConclusionIncreasing the in‐service training of both rural staff and lower‐level healthcare workers working in larger health centers via facility‐based maternal death reviews might help to improve clinical practice and maternal health outcomes.
Maintenance tocolysis with oral micronized progesterone for prevention of preterm birth after arrested preterm labor
Authors: Choudhary Manju , Suneja Amita , Vaid Neelam B. , Guleria Kiran , Faridi M.M.A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy with oral micronized progesterone (OMP) for prolongation of pregnancy in cases of arrested preterm labor.MethodsNinety women at 24–34 weeks of singleton pregnancy with intact membranes and arrested preterm labor were randomly allocated to receive OMP (n = 45) or placebo (n = 45) daily until 37 weeks or delivery, whichever was earlier. Outcome parameters were compared using Student t test, χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and log‐rank χ2 test.ResultsOMP significantly prolonged the latency period (33.29 ± 22.16 vs 23.07 ± 15.42 days; P = 0.013). Log‐rank analysis revealed a significant difference in mean time to delivery between the 2 groups (P = 0.014). There were significantly fewer preterm births (33% vs 58%; P = 0.034) and low birth weight neonates (37% vs 64%; P = 0.017), and significantly higher mean birth weight (2.44 ± 0.58 vs 2.14 ± 0.47 kg; P = 0.009) in the OMP group. Perinatal outcomes and adverse effects were similar in the 2 groups.ConclusionMaintenance tocolysis with OMP significantly prolonged pregnancy and decreased the number of preterm births.Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2011/10/002043.