bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the prevalence of sarcopenia using skeletal muscle mass index and calf circumference applying the European consensus definition in elderly Mexican women
Authors: Velazquez‐Alva Maria Consuelo , Irigoyen Camacho Maria Esther , Lazarevich Irina , Delgadillo Velazquez Jaime , Acosta Dominguez Patricia , Zepeda Zepeda Marco A 
Published: November 2015

AimTo compare the prevalence of sarcopenia using two indicators: skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and calf circumference (CC) used in the algorithm proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Mexican elderly women.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study. Lean body mass was determined by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. To define sarcopenia, the SMI was obtained using a cut‐off value of 5.5 kg/m2, and the CC cut‐off was 31 cm. For gait speed and handgrip strength, the cut‐off values were 0.8 m/s and 20 kg, respectively.ResultsA total of 137 women (mean age 73.8 ± 6.7 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.6% using SMI and 11.0% using CC (P = 0.009). Body mass index was associated with a lower probability of sarcopenia applying SMI or CC (OR 0.75, P = 0.002 for SMI and OR 0.71, P = 0.004 for CC). Sarcopenia evaluated either with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry or CC was not associated with physical performance, such as five times chair stand test, timed up and go test and short physical performance battery. Additionally, SMI was not associated with physical performance, five times chair stand test (P = 0.775) and timed up‐and‐go test (P = 0.341).ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in active elderly women was low. A higher prevalence of sarcopenia was detected using SMI compared with CC. It is important to identify the best methods to assess skeletal muscle mass to obtain a reliable diagnosis of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 161–170.
Healthcare providers' experiences screening for intimate partner violence among migrant and seasonal farmworking women: A phenomenological study
Authors: Wilson Jonathan B. , Rappleyea Damon L. , Hodgson Jennifer L. , Brimhall Andrew S. , Hall Tana L. , Thompson Alyssa P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundMigrant and seasonal farmworking (MSFW) women patients experience substantially more intimate partner violence (IPV) than the general population, but few health‐care providers screen patients for IPV. While researchers have examined screening practices in health‐care settings, none have exclusively focused on MSFW women.ObjectiveThe aim of this phenomenological study was to explore the experiences of health‐care providers who have screened for and/or addressed IPV with MSFW women patients.DesignResearchers utilized descriptive phenomenology to capture the lived experiences of these health‐care providers. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's seven‐stage framework.Setting and participantsInterviews were conducted with nine female participants – all of whom: (i) were clinically active health‐care providers within the MSFW community, (ii) were bilingual in English and Spanish or had access to a translator, (iii) had treated MSFW patients who had experienced IPV and (iv) were at least 18 years of age.ResultsParticipants' experiences were reflected in four emergent themes: (i) provider‐centered factors, (ii) patient‐centered factors, (iii) clinic‐centered factors and (iv) community‐centered factors. Participants described barriers to establish routine IPV assessment, decrease patient ambivalence and increase on‐site support and community resources.Discussion and conclusionsThis study aimed to generate a greater understanding of the experiences of health‐care providers with screening for and addressing IPV with MSFW patients. Implications and recommendations for research, clinical practice and policy are provided.
A male preponderance in patients with Indian post kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis is associated with increased circulating levels of testosterone
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Debanjan , Mukherjee Shibabrata , Ghosh Susmita , Roy Susmita , Saha Bibhuti , Das Nilay Kanti , Chatterjee Mitali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPost kala‐azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a neglected parasitic disease that occurs after apparent cure from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and poses a challenge for elimination of VL, being its proposed reservoir. Several epidemiological studies have proposed that sex hormones may account for the increased susceptibility of males towards infectious diseases, including leishmaniasis; however, the role of testosterone and sex bias, if any, in PKDL has not been evaluated.MethodsThe study population included 87 patients with PKDL and 39 with VL; levels of testosterone were measured by competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay along with their levels of antileishmanial immunoglobulin and IgG. The association of testosterone, if any, was then correlated with age, gender, humoral response, lesional profile, disease duration, and lag period.ResultsA male predominance was evident in PKDL, not in VL; importantly, this male bias was predominant postpubertal, strongly indicative of an association between sex hormone and disease progression. Male patients with PKDL had significantly higher levels of testosterone, which regressed significantly with miltefosine, not with sodium antimony gluconate. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between plasma testosterone and antileishmanial IgG.ConclusionTaken together, our study has established a male dominance in PKDL, which showed a strong association with testosterone. This information should be taken into consideration for disease monitoring and control.
Seascape and its effect on migratory life‐history strategy influences gene flow among coastal brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in the English Channel
Authors: Quéméré Erwan , Baglinière Jean‐Luc , Roussel Jean‐Marc , Evanno Guillaume , McGinnity Philip , Launey Sophie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimMost animal species live in spatially and temporally heterogeneous landscapes where resources are unevenly distributed. Consequently, individuals must adapt their migratory behaviour to optimize feeding and breeding opportunities. Here, we assess the role of life‐history (anadromy) and seascape (a derivation of the concept of landscape) heterogeneity on the genetic connectivity of coastal brown trout populations (Salmo trutta L., 1758).LocationEnglish Channel.MethodsA causal modelling approach, combining geographical data with inferences on gene flow among 20 populations, deploying neutral microsatellite markers, was used to identify environmental factors influencing brown trout genetic dispersal between rivers. Alternative models of landscape permeability combining least‐cost path and transect analysis were employed. The model selection procedure was based on a multiple regression analysis on distance matrices analysis (MRDM) and a linear mixed modelling approach using maximum likelihood population effects (MLPE).ResultsLandscape genetic analyses showed a hierarchical genetic structure with two main genetic units corresponding to the eastern and western marine ecoregions of the English Channel delineated by the Cotentin peninsula. Within these two regions, a model, which included parameters for depth and seabed substrate habitat features, explained significantly more variance in genetic differentiation than simple isolation‐by‐distance models alone.Main conclusionsThe genetic structure of brown trout populations within the English Channel appears to be shaped by the spatial arrangement and quality (with respect to feeding opportunities) of marine habitats, which promotes a clinal variation in migratory behaviour, which in turn determines the level of gene flow among neighbouring streams. Genetic structure thus partly reflects microgeographical responses to spatial variation in foraging conditions at sea. These results show that the marine environment, rarely considered previously, has an important role in combination with variation in freshwater environments in the evolution of life history in migratory aquatic animals.
Fever and infections in pregnancy and risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the offspring
Authors: Werenberg Dreier Julie , Nybo Andersen Anne‐Marie , Hvolby Allan , Garne Ester , Kragh Andersen Per , Berg‐Beckhoff Gabriele 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundFever and infections are common events during pregnancy, and have been shown to be associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in the offspring. The evidence in relation to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is, however, nonexistent for fever and limited for infections. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the impact of these exposures on the occurrence of ADHD in the offspring, considering gestational timing as well as intensity of exposure.MethodsThe study was conducted within the Danish National Birth Cohort, using data on 89,146 pregnancies enrolled during 1996–2002. Exposure to fever and infections were assessed prospectively in two computer‐assisted telephone interviews during pregnancy and ADHD status in the child was determined using registry information from three nation‐wide patient and prescription registers. Stratified Cox regressions were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios of ADHD occurrence.ResultsThe analyses revealed no overall association between maternal exposure to fever or infections and ADHD in the offspring [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–1.13 and aHR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.92–1.11]. When the exposures were considered during specific gestational periods, increased rates of ADHD were observed following fever in gestational weeks 9–12 (aHR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12–1.58), and genitourinary infections in weeks 33–36 (aHR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.13–2.26).ConclusionsAlthough no overall adverse association between fever and infections in pregnancy and ADHD in the offspring was found, the analyses indicated that exposures during specific time windows of the pregnancy could be associated with increased ADHD occurrence.
Risk and Protective Factors for Early Substance Use Initiation: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican‐Origin Youth
Authors: Atherton Olivia E. , Conger Rand D. , Ferrer Emilio , Robins Richard W. 
Published: November 2015

Substance use initiation in adolescence is a critical issue, given its association with substance dependency and associated problems in adulthood. However, due to the dearth of fine‐grained longitudinal studies, the factors associated with early initiation are poorly understood, especially in minority youth. The present study examined substance use initiation in a sample ofMexican‐origin youth (n = 674) assessed annually from age 10 to 16. Using discrete‐time survival analyses, we found that initiation escalated rapidly from late childhood to adolescence, and we identified a wide range of factors, from the individual to the cultural level of analysis, that significantly increased or decreased risk for early initiation. These findings have important implications for programs aimed at preventing early substance use by Mexican‐origin youth.
Development of A Consumer‐Relevant Lexicon for Testing Kitchen Cleansers Considering Different Product Usage Stages
Authors: Kim In‐Ah , Van Hout Danielle , Lee Hye‐Seong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDetermining critical attributes associated with consumer perceived benefit and choice is essential for the fast moving consumer goods industry. The goals of the present study were to develop a lexicon specific to usage process for kitchen cleansers using a novel consumer test and to test usage stage‐dependency of the lexicon. Holistic usage process of kitchen cleansers was classified into purchase moment, during use and completion point. For a series of projective interviews, a semantic/language library, a collection of attributes relevant to kitchen cleansers was used as response options. Ethnographic observations/interviews were also incorporated into the consumer test to evoke consumers’ natural usage process. Comparisons of the developed lexicon revealed differences of consumers’ evaluation processes across different usage stages. At the purchase moment, attributes associated with Convenience and Functionality categories were found to be more important, whereas at completion point, attributes associated with Sensory Quality and Sentimental Consequence were more important.Practical ApplicationsIn sensory science literature, lexicon development for use in descriptive analysis of sensory characterization has been focused on the sensory attributes of various food products including appearance, taste, aroma, flavor, texture and aftertaste of foods. These are important not only for sensory characterization but also for communication between consumers and the people in industry, who are in charge of product development, quality control, marketing, etc. To improve communication with consumers on household cleaning products, the development of a lexicon describing consumers’ holistic product experiences, as well as investigation of the usage stage‐dependency of the developed consumer attributes is required. This article introduces a new method to develop a lexicon representing consumer‐relevant product attributes across different product usage stages for commercial kitchen cleanser trigger spray products and provides the lexicon associated with the product benefits of such products.
Determinants of dry season habitat use by Asian elephants in the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Lakshminarayanan N. , Karanth K. K. , Goswami V. R. , Vaidyanathan S. , Karanth K. Ullas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLarge herbivores respond to seasonal changes in resource availability through habitat selection. Understanding variations in habitat choice is crucial for targeting conservation efforts, particularly for endangered, wide‐ranging species, such as the Asian elephant. We assessed patterns and determinants of elephant habitat use during the dry season, a period of resource limitation in tropical deciduous forests, in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. We collected detection/non‐detection data on elephant signs under an occupancy sampling framework, using spatially replicated surveys on foot along forest trails to estimate probabilities of habitat use by elephants. Each of our 97 sites (sampling units) was a grid cell of 11.75 km2area. Data were analysed using an occupancy model, which estimated detection probabilities for signs, while explicitly addressing the potential spatial dependence between sign detections on adjacent replicates. Using covariates that are likely to influence resource use, we made ecological predictions about dry season habitat use by elephants across the study area of 1850 km2. The site‐level probabilities of habitat use by elephants ranged fromThe estimated replicate level detection probability wasWe found that distance to rivers was the best predictor of elephant habitat use, in dry season, demonstrating the overarching importance of riparian habitats in the landscape for the species. Artificial water holes established by wildlife managers do not appear to influence elephant habitat use, which is likely a result of abundant and near‐uniform distribution of such water holes across the study area. The sign survey‐based occupancy modelling approach provides a basis for reliable cost‐effective assessment of spatial distribution and habitat use by elephants and other large herbivores. Such assessments are essential for effective conservation management of large herbivores.
Population structure of edible dormouse in Poland: the role of habitat fragmentation and implications for conservation
Authors: Herdegen M. , Radwan J. , Sobczynska U. , Dabert M. , Konjević D. , Schlichter J. , Jurczyszyn M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effects of habitat fragmentation and the resulting decreases in effective population sizes are not easy to document because they take place over many generations and may be affected by factors other than demographic ones. Here, we used 22 microsatellite loci to investigate genetic structure and diversity in populations of edible dormice Glis glis from habitats that varied widely in area and in the degree of connectivity to other populations. We found that populations from the most fragmented north‐western region of Poland were characterized by extremely limited gene flow and low genetic diversity compared to less fragmented populations from southern Poland. STRUCTURE analysis revealed three genetic groups in Poland, which might reflect adaptation to environmental conditions across south‐north and east‐west gradients, but could also be due to historical patterns of post‐glacial colonization. The latter hypothesis is suggested by the observation that southern populations from Poland grouped with those from the Balkans based on microsatellite data; however, the fact that all Polish populations shared western mtDNA cytochrome b haplotypes is inconsistent with this scenario. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the conservation of the edible dormouse in Poland.
Pollen food syndrome amongst children with seasonal allergic rhinitis attending allergy clinic
Authors: Ludman Sian , Jafari‐Mamaghani Mehrdad , Ebling Rosemary , Fox Adam T. , Lack Gideon , Du Toit George 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited information regarding the onset and sensitization patterns of pollen food syndrome (PFS) in children. The aim was to explore this within children referred to a specialist allergy clinic at a London Tertiary Hospital.MethodsA total of 54 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) were enrolled in equal numbers in three age groups; 0–5, 6–10, 11–15 years. Families completed a questionnaire on rhinitis, food symptoms and quality of life. Children underwent skin prick testing (SPT) to fresh fruits, nuts and a blood test for microarray analysis.ResultsClinical diagnosis of PFS was made in 26/54 (48%), increasing with age (group 1 = 3 (17%), group 2 = 9 (50%), group 3 = 14 (78%) (p = 0.03)). Microarray demonstrates children aged 2.8 years sensitized to pan‐allergens and 4.5 years symptomatic to pan‐allergens. Peach, cherry, carrot and strawberry SPT had the highest sensitivity and NPV at 100%. The sensitivity of PR10 molecules on microarray was 92%, PPV 62% and NPV 87%. Microarray confirmed 69% of allergens on clinical history compared to 61% by SPT. Microarray and SPT had a 19% false‐negative rate.The quality‐of‐life data showed moderate impact across all domains, and patients with PFS were significantly more likely to have increased anxiety over time spent preparing food (p = 0.029).ConclusionsWe demonstrate that SAR occurs in children from 1.4 years and PFS from 4.5 years with a changing pattern of pan‐allergen sensitization. Microarray and SPT have moderate concordance in confirming allergens. PFS impacts negatively on quality of life and should be assessed in all paediatric allergy patients.
Exploring narratives of psychological input in the acute inpatient setting
Authors: Donaghay‐Spire Eloise G. , McGowan John , Griffiths Kim , Barazzone Natalie 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesThis research explored what happens when psychological input is offered in the inpatient setting and examined service users' and staff members' understanding and portrayal of these experiences.DesignNarrative analysis, an interview design, was used to examine experiences of inpatient psychological interventions in National Health Service inpatient mental health settings.MethodsTen participants (four service users and six staff members; five males and five females; seven White British, one White Irish, one Black African, and one Black Caribbean) were recruited via clinical psychologists from an inpatient psychology department and participated in 18‐ to 90‐min interviews.ResultsEvidence suggested that direct, indirect, and strategic psychological interventions were used in the inpatient setting, with formulation and the therapeutic relationship conceptualized as common features. Connections between inpatient psychology and change, evidenced in the stories, suggested that interventions can help people make sense of a crisis, improve relationships, and contribute to meaningful recovery. Evidence of barriers suggests that psychological input in this setting might not always be compatible with everyone's needs.ConclusionsThis paper explored service users' and staff members' experiences of psychological input in the inpatient setting. The analysis revealed that psychological provision in the inpatient mental health setting is varied and encompasses direct and indirect input, valued by service users and clinicians. It also identified that psychological input in the acute inpatient mental health setting is perceived as meaningful and can lead to changes at an interpersonal and intrapersonal level. There is a sense that providing psychological thinking in the inpatient setting can be challenging due to environmental constraints and individual factors. This highlights the need for further research focused on the costs and clinical effectiveness of providing psychological thinking within the acute inpatient mental health setting.Practitioner points

Staff members and service users made connections between psychological input and change, suggesting that interventions can improve relationships, help people make sense of a crisis, and contribute to meaningful recovery.

There are significant barriers to and challenges of providing psychological input in this setting: Some participants suggested that this approach might not suit everyone.
Experiences of African‐American Women with Smartphone‐Based Ecological Momentary Assessment
Authors: Jones Kelly K. , Zenk Shannon N. , McDonald Ashley , Corte Colleen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveSmartphone‐based ecological momentary assessment (EMA), or real‐time, repeated sampling of participants' states, behaviors, or experiences over time, is a promising approach to understanding obesity‐related behaviors in African‐American women—a population with the highest obesity prevalence. In this study, we explored participants' experiences with this methodology.Design and SampleIn this secondary analysis of data, 100 African‐American women participated in seven consecutive days of EMA data collection.MeasuresMeasures related to acceptability (technical challenges, daily burden, emotional responses, willingness to participate in future studies) and data quality (reporting accuracy, behavior reactivity, adherence), as well as demographics, were collected.ResultsWhile there were few demographic differences, women who were unemployed, had the lowest educational levels, or had the lowest per capita income reported the greatest enjoyment with mobile technology‐based EMA, while at the same time reporting the highest levels of challenge with use of the equipment. Participants consistently indicated willingness to participate in future EMA studies and indicated that the study method was acceptable. EMA methodology produced data of sufficient quality.ConclusionFindings suggest future studies using smartphone‐based EMA with African‐American women are feasible.