bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical source imaging in cortical malformation–related epilepsy: A prospective EEG‐SEEG concordance study
Authors: Rikir Estelle , Koessler Laurent , Gavaret Martine , Bartolomei Fabrice , Colnat‐Coulbois Sophie , Vignal Jean‐Pierre , Vespignani Herve , Ramantani Georgia , Maillard Louis G. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveDelineation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in refractory epilepsy related to malformations of cortical development (MCDs) often requires intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, especially in cases of negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or discordant MRI and video‐EEG findings. It is therefore crucial to promote the development of noninvasive methods such as electrical source imaging (ESI). We aimed to (1) analyze the localization concordance of ESI derived from interictal discharges and EZ estimated by stereo‐EEG (SEEG); (2) compare the concordance of ESI, MRI, and electroclinical correlations (ECCs) with SEEG‐EZ; and (3) assess ESI added value in the EZ localization.MethodsWe prospectively analyzed 28 consecutive patients undergoing presurgical investigation for MCD‐related refractory epilepsy in 2009–2012. ESI derived from 64‐channel scalp EEG was interpreted with blinding to, and subsequently compared with, SEEG‐estimated EZ. Anatomic concordance of ESI with SEEG‐EZ was compared with that of video‐EEG and MRI. We further assessed ESI added value to ECC and MRI.ResultsTwelve patients (43%) had temporal and 16 (57%) had extratemporal epilepsy. MRI was negative in 11 (39%) and revealed a cortical malformation in 17 (61%). ESI was fully concordant with the EZ in 10 (36%) and partly concordant in 15 (53%). ECC presented a full and partial concordance with EZ in 11% and 82% of cases, respectively, and MRI in 11% and 46%, respectively. Of 11 patients with negative MRI, ESI was fully concordant with the EZ in 7 (64%) and partly concordant in 4 (36%). ESI correctly confirmed restricted or added localizations to ECC and MRI in 12 (43%) of 28 patients and in 8 (73%) of 11 patients with negative MRI.SignificanceESI contributes to estimating the EZ in MCD‐related epilepsy. The added value of ESI to ECC is particularly high in patients with MCD and negative MRI, who represent the most challenging cases for epilepsy surgery.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Expression and activity of thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) are modified in the hippocampus of subjects with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)
Authors: Simões Priscila Santos Rodrigues , Visniauskas Bruna , Perosa Sandra Regina , Yacubian Elza Márcia Targas , Centeno Ricardo , Canzian Mauro , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Maurer Morelli Claudia Vianna , Carrete Henrique , Cavalheiro Esper Abrão , Tufik Sergio , Chagas Jair Ribeiro , Naffah Mazzacoratti Maria da Graça 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveThimet oligopeptidase (TOP) is a metalloprotease that has been associated with peptide processing in several nervous system structures, and its substrates include several peptides such as bradykinin, amyloid beta (Aβ), and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. As shown previously by our research group, patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have a high level of kinin receptors as well as kallikrein, a kinin‐releasing enzyme, in the hippocampus.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the expression, distribution, and activity of TOP in the hippocampus of patients with TLE and autopsy‐control tissues, through reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), enzymatic activity, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, hippocampi of rats were analyzed using the pilocarpine‐induced epilepsy model. Animals were grouped according to the epilepsy phases defined in the model as acute, silent, and chronic.ResultsIncreased TOP mRNA expression, decreased protein levels and enzymatic activity were observed in tissues of patients, compared to control samples. In addition, decreased TOP distribution was also visualized by immunohistochemistry. Similar results were observed in tissues of rats during the acute phase of epilepsy model. However, increased TOP mRNA expression and no changes in immunoreactivity were found in the silent phase, whereas increased TOP mRNA expression and increased enzymatic activity were observed in the chronic phase.SignificanceThe results show that these alterations could be related to a failure in the mechanisms involved in clearance of inflammatory peptides in the hippocampus, suggesting an accumulation of potentially harmful substances in nervous tissue such as Aβ, bradykinin, and antigenic peptides. These accumulations could be related to hippocampal inflammation observed in TLE subjects.
Health‐related quality of life, mood, and patient satisfaction after epilepsy surgery in Sweden—A prospective controlled observational study
Authors: Taft Charles , Sager Magnusson Elisabet , Ekstedt Gerd , Malmgren Kristina 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), mood, and patient satisfaction in epilepsy surgery candidates before and 2 years after epilepsy surgery or presurgical investigation.MethodsIn this prospective study of 141 patients, 96 underwent surgery and 45 did not. Questionnaires at baseline and at 2‐year follow‐up included the generic 36‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD), and operated patients answered patient satisfaction questions. SF‐36 scores were compared with scores from a matched sample from the Swedish norm population. Numbers were calculated of patients achieving a minimum important change (MIC) in the SF‐36 Physical Composite Summary (PCS) and Mental Composite Summary (MCS).ResultsAt baseline, patients had significantly lower values than the norm on all SF‐36 domains. At follow‐up, operated patients were divided into seizure‐free (International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] class 1 and 2, n = 53) or with continued seizures (n = 43). No differences in baseline HAD or SF‐36 values were found between these groups. Seizure‐free patients reached the same levels as the norm in all SF‐36 domains except Social Function. Operated patients with continued seizures and nonoperated patients had unchanged scores. Fifty‐one percent of seizure‐free patients had an improvement reaching MIC for PCS and 45% for MCS. Corresponding results for patients with continued seizures were 28% in PCS and 28% in MCS, for nonoperated 33% in PCS and 29% in MCS. HAD anxiety scores improved significantly in only the seizure‐free patients. Of all operated patients, 80% were satisfied with having had surgery and 86% considered that they had benefited, whereas 20% thought that surgery caused some harm.SignificanceIn patients who were seizure‐free after epilepsy surgery HRQOL normalized and anxiety decreased. Operated patients overwhelmingly considered epilepsy surgery to be beneficial. Nonetheless, only about half of the seizure‐free patients achieved important HRQOL improvements, suggesting that seizure freedom does not in and of itself guarantee improved patient well‐being.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Interannual variations in atmospheric forcing determine trajectories of hypolimnetic soluble reactive phosphorus supply in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Mackay Eleanor B. , Folkard Andrew M. , Jones Ian D. 
Published: April 2014

Summary

We tested the hypotheses that variability in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loading from the hypolimnion to the epilimnion of a small, eutrophic, temperate zone lake is significant at both interannual and subannual scales, and that this variability is influenced by changes in lake thermal structure. We calculated weekly hypolimnetic fluxes of SRP, during the stratified periods of 2008 and 2009 in Esthwaite Water, U.K., and compared them with the SRP fluxes from external sources.

As a result of variations in the supply of SRP from the hypolimnion, which differed by c. 80% between years, we found a 30% difference in overall SRP loading to the epilimnion between the 2 years. Despite similarities in mean summer meteorological conditions, relatively subtle differences in weather conditions during the midsummer of only 0.7 m s−1 in wind speed and 8 W m−2 in solar radiation between the 2 years resulted in two diverging trajectories of hypolimnetic SRP loading.

In the first year, there was a high thermal lake stability of 102 J m−2 on average, and a relatively shallow epilimnion until the late summer, giving rise to prolonged deep‐water anoxia and a large accumulation of SRP that was mixed into the surface waters at the end of the summer. In contrast, 30% lower thermal stability and 20% deeper epilimnetic mixing in the second year resulted in the arrest and early decline of deep‐water anoxia and SRP accumulation, leading to lower SRP fluxes to the epilimnion.

Understanding this meteorologically driven variability in SRP supply is crucial for predicting nutrient loading in lakes. It is likely to become especially relevant to lakes around the globe for which the importance of internal loading is predicted to increase due to the effects of climate change.
The potential and realized spread of wildfires across Canada
Authors: Wang Xianli , Parisien Marc‐André , Flannigan Mike D. , Parks Sean A. , Anderson Kerry R. , Little John M. , Taylor Steve W. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGiven that they can burn for weeks or months, wildfires in temperate and boreal forests may become immense (eg., 100– 104 km2). However, during the period within which a large fire is ‘active’, not all days experience weather that is conducive to fire spread; indeed most of the spread occurs on a small proportion (e.g., 1 – 15 days) of not necessarily consecutive days during the active period. This study examines and compares the Canada‐wide patterns in fire‐conducive weather (‘potential’ spread) and the spread that occurs on the ground (‘realized’ spread). Results show substantial variability in distributions of potential and realized spread days across Canada. Both potential and realized spread are higher in western than in eastern Canada; however, whereas potential spread generally decreases from south to north, there is no such pattern with realized spread. The realized‐to‐potential fire‐spread ratio is considerably higher in northern Canada than in the south, indicating that proportionally more fire‐conducive days translate into fire progression. An exploration of environmental correlates to spread show that there may be a few factors compensating for the lower potential spread in northern Canada: a greater proportion of coniferous (i.e., more flammable) vegetation, lesser human impacts (i.e., less fragmented landscapes), sufficient fire ignitions, and intense droughts. Because a linear relationship exists between the frequency distributions of potential spread days and realized spread days in a fire zone, it is possible to obtain one from the other using a simple conversion factor. Our methodology thus provides a means to estimate realized fire spread from weather‐based data in regions where fire databases are poor, which may improve our ability to predict future fire activity.
Mandibular cortical indices on cone‐beam computed tomography images in osteoporotic women on treatment with oral bisphosphonates
Authors: Diniz‐Freitas Márcio , Fernández‐Montenegro Paula , Fernández‐Feijoo Javier , Limeres‐Posse Jacobo , González‐Mosquera Antonio , Vázquez‐García Emma , Diz‐Dios Pedro 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the mandibular cortical indices in osteoporotic women receiving oral bisphosphonates (oBPs).Material and methodsThe study group included 46 Caucasian women aged over 55 years on treatment with oBPs for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Information recorded included age, weight, height, type of oBP, duration of treatment, comorbid conditions and coadjuvant medication. Forty‐six age‐matched Caucasian women with no known diagnosis of osteoporosis were selected as the control group. All participants underwent cone‐beam computed tomography, and the mandibular cortical width (MCW) and the height from the inferior mandibular border to the mental foramen (MBMF) were measured.ResultsThe MBMF was similar in the participants with osteoporosis and in controls. MCW was significantly greater in the participants with osteoporosis than in the controls (p < 0.001).ConclusionMandibular cortical width should not be used to predict the risk of bisphosphonate‐associated osteonecrosis of the jaws.
Oral leiomyosarcoma: the importance of early diagnosis
Authors: Suárez‐Alén Fátima , Otero‐Rey Eva , Peñamaría‐Mallón Manuel , García‐García Abel , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivePresent a case clinic of leimyosarcoma.BackgroundLeiomyosarcomas (LMSs) are malignant mesenchymal tumours of smooth muscle differentiation that grow rapidly and whose prognosis is dependent upon the tumour site and disease stage. Their location in the oral cavity is considered extremely rare due to the lack of smooth muscle tissue in that area.Materials and methodsWe present an LMSs case of the buccal mucosa in an elderly patient patient with a follow‐up of 4 years.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and treatment play a key role in a better prognosis.
Renal function status in liver transplant patients in the first month post‐transplant is associated with progressive chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sato Kazushige , Kawagishi Naoki , Fujimori Keisei , Ohuchi Noriaki , Satomi Susumu 
Published: April 2014

AimRenal dysfunction is a common complication of liver transplantation (LT), related to hepatorenal syndrome with end‐stage liver disease or calcineurin‐inhibitor nephrotoxicity. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also a common problem in long‐term survivors post‐LT. This study was done to investigate the association between renal functional status soon after LT and the development of CKD.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 63 patients who were aged 18 years or older, and underwent LT at Tohoku University Hospital. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation for Japan.ResultsBefore transplantation, 25 patients (39.7%) were diagnosed with CKD (eGFR, <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2). The incidence of CKD was 22.4% (13/58) at 2 years, 23.2% (13/56) at 3 years and 22.7% (12/54) at 5 years. The patients with CKD at 2 years post‐transplant were more likely to have a history of glomerulonephritis, and were significantly older at the time of LT, compared to those without CKD. Levels of eGFR of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in the first month post‐transplant and a volume of intraoperative blood loss of more than 300 mL/kg were predictive factors for the development of CKD at 2 years post‐transplant and thereafter.ConclusionWe have shown that there is an improvement of renal function in the majority of patients after LT. Regardless of the presence of pre‐existing CKD, both renal function status at the first month post‐transplant and a volume of intraoperative blood loss were predictive factors for the development of CKD at 2 years post‐transplant and thereafter.
Pathological prognostic factors in locally advanced rectal carcinoma after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy: analysis of 113 cases
Authors: Sannier Aurélie , Lefèvre Jérémie H , Panis Yves , Cazals‐Hatem Dominique , Bedossa Pierre , Guedj Nathalie 
Published: April 2014

AimsNeoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) followed by surgical resection is the treatment for locally advanced mid‐rectal or low rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative histological prognostic factors in a series of surgical specimens after neoadjuvant RCT.Methods and resultsOne hundred and thirteen patients were included. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed according to CAP recommendations, with additional criteria such as tumour budding, the presence of calcifications, and response to neoadjuvant therapy assessed according to Modified Rectal Cancer Regression Grade (m‐RCRG). The 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was 67.6%. In univariate analysis, ypTN stage, tumour budding, circumferential margin, invaded margin and vascular and perineural invasion were prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, the presence of calcifications (P = 0.04) and an involved circumferential margin (P = 0.03) were the only independent factors for worse DFS. mRCRG was not correlated with DFS. Among the 50 m‐RCRG1 tumours, DFS was better in ypT0 patients than in other ypT stages (P = 0.003).ConclusionsThe presence of calcifications in the tumour bed is described for the first time as a prognostic factor in rectal cancer. The prognostic value of budding was demonstrated in this study after neoadjuvant RCT. ypT stage appears to be a more reliable predictor of oncological outcome than histological tumour regression grade, which needs to be standardized for better reproducibility.
Effect of high‐pressure homogenisation on the retention of selected aroma compounds in model dairy emulsions
Authors: Innocente Nadia , Marchesini Giulia , Biasutti Marialuisa 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe aim of this work was to investigate the effects of high‐pressure homogenisation on the aroma retention of mixed sodium caseinate–whey protein (2% + 2% w/v) emulsions. For this purpose, raw and pasteurised emulsions, with different fat contents (5%, 8% and 15% w/v) and subjected to different homogenisation pressures (0, 18, 100 and 150 MPa), were produced. The retention of seven aroma compounds (hexanal, benzaldehyde, diacetyl, ethyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate) was evaluated by static headspace gas chromatography. Results showed that aroma release was affected by the presence and the quantity of the lipid phase. As regards homogenisation, an increase in the retention of hexanal with homogenisation pressure was observed and interactions between hexanal and caseinate were suggested. Benzaldehyde showed significant changes in headspace partition with increasing pressure only in the 5% fat content emulsions, whereas no homogenisation effect on aroma retention was observed for diacetyl or esters.
Chemical, antioxidant, functional and thermal properties of rice bran proteins after yeast and natural fermentations
Authors: Chinma Chiemela Enyinnaya , Ilowefah Muna , Shammugasamy Balakrishnan , Ramakrishnan Yogeshini , Muhammad Kharidah 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe paper focuses on the chemical, antioxidant, functional and thermal properties of rice bran proteins after yeast, natural fermentations and unfermented rice bran. Protein content of yeast‐fermented rice bran protein concentrate (YFRBPC), naturally fermented rice bran protein concentrate (NFRBPC) and unfermented rice protein concentrate (UFRBPC) were 72.50%, 68.92% and 65.73%, respectively, while ash content were 4.72%, 4.61% and 3.04%, respectively. The total amino acids of YFRBPC, NFRBPC and UFRBPC were 123.16, 118.45 and 99.39, respectively. DPPH radical inhibition of YFRBPC, NFRBPC and UFRBPC were 58.62%, 55.29% and 47.14%, respectively, while ferric reducing ability power were 0.73, 0.58 and 0.41 mmol TE per gram, respectively. The highest foam capacity of UFRBPC (57.56%), NFRBPC (64.15%) and YFRBPC (76.00%) was observed at pH 9.0. YFRBPC and NFRBPC were lighter in colour than UFRBPC. YFRBPC had higher denaturation temperature and enthalpy value than NFRBPC and UFRBPC. The β‐sheets structures were more in YFRBPC and NFRBPC than UNFBPC.
Fermentation of blackgram paste: time‐dependent rheological characteristics, modelling and quality attributes of a traditional snack
Authors: Genevieve Koilparambil Sruthi , Bhattacharya Sila 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe time‐independent and time‐dependent rheological characteristics were determined for blackgram pastes before and after fermentation, and related them with the quality attributes of the fried snack made from these pastes. The circular‐shaped fried snack was characterised for oil content, colour and texture in addition to sensory attributes. The nonfermented as well as fermented pastes of blackgram exhibited time‐independent shear‐thinning behaviour, and obeyed the Hershel–Bulkley model (r ≥ 0.994, P ≤ 0.01). The suitability of two‐ and three‐parameter models to characterise the time‐dependent rheological behaviour of blackgram paste was examined. The snack prepared from fermented paste was softer as evidenced by lower peak shear force of 7.2 N compared to that of nonfermented sample (11.2 N), and showed 30% less oil content compared to that of corresponding nonfermented sample. The present study indicated a pragmatic approach to reduce the oil content in the fried product by employing the process of fermentation.
Simultaneous effects of gelatin and espina corona gum on rheological, physical and sensory properties of cholesterol‐reduced probiotic yoghurts
Authors: Pavón Yanina L. , Lazzaroni Sandra M. , Sabbag Nora G. , Rozycki Sergio D. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe effects of gelatin (G) and espina corona gum (ECG) on rheological, physical and sensory properties of cholesterol‐reduced probiotic yoghurts were studied. The results showed that it was possible to efficiently remove the cholesterol (> 85%) and the probiotic microorganism counts were > 7 log10 CFU.g−1. The addition of G decreased flow behaviour index (n), while consistency index (K) increased with the addition of both thickeners. Thixotropy, initial shear stress of the clot to be deformed by mechanical action (A) and destruction rate of the structure (B) were enhanced by increasing G. ECG imparted greater creaminess, less grittiness and less astringency, while G gave more consistency. Both hydrocolloids helped to reduce acid taste and increased water retention index (> 95%). The optimum formulations were: 0.49% G – 0.41% ECG to obtain set yoghurts and 0.01% G – 0.43% ECG for stirred yoghurts, with desirable sensory, rheological and stability characteristics.
Prediction of sensory texture of broiler breast meat using instrumental spectral stress–strain analysis
Authors: Lee Youngseung , Xiong Rui , Meullenet Jean‐François 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis study was conducted to examine the potential use of the spectral stress–strain analysis (SSSA) in conjunction with Meullenet‐Owens razor shear (MORS) in predicting sensory texture of broiler breast meat. Predictive models for the prediction of broiler breast meat texture were established using the MORS in combination with SSSA. Sensory texture characteristics of broiler breast meat deboned at nine different postmortem times and cooked by two different methods were evaluated by descriptive analysis and consumer testing. For the descriptive sensory attributes except moisture release, SSSA method was found to improve the prediction of water‐cooked breast meat texture by 18.5% in average for full models (FM) or 11.1% in average for jack‐knife optimised models, while the prediction of consumer sensory attributes except just‐about‐right juiciness was improved by 29.2–31.9% in average for FMs or 8.1–3.3% for jack‐knife optimised models for both cooking methods, respectively. Overall, predictive models established by MORS in conjunction with SSSA could be successfully used to improve the estimation of broiler breast meat sensory texture.