bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Исследование социальных аспектов формирования мотивации к образованию у молодежи: от теоретических подходов к операционализации
Authors: Popova Ekaterina 
Published: August 2015

Попова Екатерина Сергеевна — аспирантка Института социологии РАН. Эл. адрес: EkaterinaS.Popova@bk.ru Адрес: Россия, 117218, Москва, ул. Кржижановского, д. 24/35, корп. 5.Обосновывается необходимость междисциплинарного подхода к исследованию мотивации к обучению. Дан краткий обзор зарубежных психологических, педагогических и социологических исследований формирования мотивации к образованию.На основании проанализированных подходов к изучению мотивации сформулирована концепция исследования, в которой мотивация рассматривается как основная движущая сила осуществления действия. Подчеркивается, что одна из основных проблем, с которой сегодня сталкивается учитель в формировании и поддержании мотивации учащихся, — это поиск и установление баланса между внутренними и внешними факторами мотивации.Обсуждаются предварительные результаты опроса, проведенного с целью операционализации предлагаемой автором концепции мотивации к обучению. Результаты пилотного исследования свидетельствуют об эффективности разработанной системы оперантов для измерения социальных аспектов формирования мотивации. Методика измерения по оперантам, связанным с изучением вовлеченности школьника в образовательный процесс, позволила убедиться, что социальные аспекты внешней мотивации действительно важны. Исследование подтвердило также существенное влияние социальных ценностей на внутреннюю мотивацию школьников. Оценивая методику измерения дальнейших планов современных школьников, автор отмечает, что изучения намерений школьников только после 9-го класса недостаточно для анализа проектируемых образовательных траекторий и целей молодежи, следует изучать также планы после 11-го класса.Анализ результатов пилотного исследования привел к выводу о необходимости дополнения опросного инструментария, в результате чего была сформирована расширенная система концептуальных и операциональных понятий. В 2013–2014 гг. планируются корректировка и апробация инструментария, продолжение опросов и анализ материалов.
Профессиональная подготовка учителей в США: уроки для России
Authors: Sidorkin Alexander 
Published: August 2015

Сидоркин Александр Михайлович — Ph. D., декан факультета образования и психологии Роуд-Айленд колледжа (Провиденс, США). Эл. адрес: asidorkin@ric.edu Адрес: Роуд-Айленд колледж — 600 Mt Pleasant Ave, Providence, RI 02908, United States. Рассматриваются система аккредитации и профессиональные стандарты педагогических факультетов, а также инновационные подходы к улучшению качества подготовки учителей в США. Опыт американских вузов анализируется применительно к основным направлениям потенциальной реформы педагогического образования в России.При осуществлении мер по модернизации российской системы педагогического образования предлагается ориентироваться на сочетание преимуществ российских вузов с наиболее перспективными элементами зарубежного опыта. В связи с неподтвержденной валидностью и необходимостью значительных финансовых затрат не рекомендуется перенимать опыт широкого распространения альтернативных программ педагогического образования и модели добавленной стоимости в оценивании работы педагогических факультетов на основании достижений учеников, обучающихся их выпускниками.. При этом обращается внимание на положительный опыт американской системы профессиональной аккредитации, двухуровневой сертификации учителей, элементов клинической модели подготовки педагогических кадров, направленной на развитие партнерских отношений между вузами и школами и предусматривающей интенсивные формы педагогической практики; а также активной стажировки в школах, позволяющей существенно повысить качество преподавания и снизить текучесть кадров. В качестве наиболее приемлемого варианта аккредитации для российских педагогических программ предлагается разработка существующей общевузовской системы аккредитации с включением в нее специальных стандартов и требований к педагогическим специальностям. Приводятся практические рекомендации по переработке существующих стандартов. Обсуждаются целесообразность интеграции педагогических вузов с университетами и альтернативные способы развития первых. Рассматриваются возможности привлечения талантливых абитуриентов в педвузы, а также преимущества двухступенчатой системы образования для осуществления более высокого уровня подготовки специалистов на основе магистерских программ.
Da Cidade Transfigurada à Cidade Transformada: Culturas Juvenis e a Prática do Skate (1970/1980) * Transfigured city to transformed city: Youth cultures and skateboard practice (1970/1980)
Authors: BRANDÃO LEONARDO 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Com aproximadamente 4 milhões de praticantes no país, o skate vem se revelando uma das atividades corporais de maior visibilidade entre os jovens. No entanto, sua prática apresenta peculiaridades que merecem ser observadas. Sua relação com os usos da cidade talvez seja a principal delas. Neste artigo, discorremos sobre a constituição histórica do skate de rua a partir do estudo com revistas especializadas nesta atividade que foram publicadas durante as décadas de 1970 e 1980. Concluímos que a cidade, representada pelos skatistas como um paraíso de infindáveis possibilidades de diversão, acabou sendo transformada não somente pelo olhar transfigurativo do skatista, que lhe emprestou novos sentidos e funções, mas ela mesma acabou se modificando para disciplinar os filhos “rebeldes” que seu processo de urbanização ajudou a criar.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> História – Cidade – Skate.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>With approximately 4 million practitioners in the country, skateboarding has been revealing one of the most visible body activities among youth. However, its practice has peculiarities which deserve to be observed. Its relationship with the uses of the city is perhaps the main one of them. In this article, we discuss the historical constitution of the street skateboard from the study of magazines specialized in this activity published during the 1970s and 1980s. We conclude that the city, represented by skateboarders as a paradise of endless possibilities for fun, ended up being transformed not only by the skater’s transfigurative look, which lent it new meanings and functions, but it ended up itself changing to discipline their "rebellious" children whcih its urbanization process helped create.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>History – City – Skateboard.</p>
O Recife de Freyre e dos Mangueboys: Visões sobre os Espaços e a Vida da Cidade * The Recife of Freyre and the Mangueboys: Views on the Space and Life of the City
Authors: OLIVEIRA ESDRAS CARLOS DE LIMA 
Published: August 2015

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo pretende lançar um olhar sobre o Recife a partir de duas perspectivas. De um lado, o Recife da saudade, das memórias, na obra de Gilberto Freyre <em>Guia Prático e sentimental do Recife</em>; onde o autor enaltece a cidade onde vida, a partir de seu passado de localidade colonial dominante, antes que o mal da Modernidade, avassaladora, a mudasse a tal ponto que ele já não se reconhecia em certos traços de sua cidade. Do outro lado temos a visão de alguns <em>mangueboys</em>, assim chamados os componentes da cena cultural <em>Manguebeat</em>, na década de 90 do século passado. A Modernidade que modificou a cidade freyreana é vista a partir das periferias nos seus desacertos, no caos da metrópole em que se tornou a outrora bucólica Recife. <em>Andando</em> pela obra desses indivíduos podemos ver as diferentes visões sobre a cidade, dos sobrados e das palafitas ela é vista com tons, sons e sentimentos díspares.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Recife – Cidade moderna – Vivências urbanas.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper aims to catch sight of Recife from two distinct perspectives. On one hand, we can see Recife in the memories of Gilberto Freyre in his book <em>Guia Prático e sentimental do Recife</em>, where the author honors the city where he lives starting from his past of dominant colonial location before the evil of devastating Modernity could change it in such a way that he could not recognize certain traces of his city. On the other hand, we have the views of some <em>mangueboys, </em>so called the components of the cultural scene <em>Manguebeat</em> in the 90s last century. The Modernity which changed Freyre’s city is seen from the peripheries in the mistakes, in the chaos of the metropolis in which became the bucolic Recife in the past. Checking the work from these individuals we can see the different views on the city, on the two-storied houses and houses on stilts. It is seen with disparate tones, sounds and feelings.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Recife – Modern city – Urban experience.<strong></strong></p>
Congenital Toxoplasmosis: A Review
Authors: Hampton Marissa Martinez 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAcute infection of toxoplasmosis during pregnancy is detrimental to the developing fetus. In the United States, approximately 1 in 10,000 live births are affected by congenital toxoplasmosis. Although multifactorial in etiology, maternal infection is primarily attributed to the consumption of contaminated meat or water. Infection and transmission to the fetus may result in devastating neurologic impairment. Screening methods for all pregnant women should be implemented in routine prenatal care. This article will highlight the inherent dangers of congenital toxoplasmosis, while including general care of the fetus for prevention of transmission, medical management, and long-term outcomes.
Herpes Simplex Virus: Beyond the Basics
Authors: Kobty Magidah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the most common sexually transmitted infections is the herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2. Although the incidence of newborn infection is not as common as in adults, approximately 1,500 neonates are diagnosed annually with HSV infection. HSV can be detrimental to the life of a newborn, with morbidity and mortality rates of up to 65 percent. This article addresses the maternal and fetal complications of HSV and the impact of HSV on the newborn along with diagnostic evaluation methods. In addition, treatment options and evidence-based practices regarding HSV are defined. Despite growing technology and medical treatment for early identification of HSV, this virus remains challenging and can deeply impact the life of an infant and his or her family. Early diagnosis, treatment, and intervention of an infant with HSV are crucial to ensure the livelihood of the newborn.
Clinical Comparison of Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and a Gelatin Sponge in the Management of Palatal Wounds After Epithelialized Free Gingival Graft Harvest: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Femminella Beatrice , Iaconi Maria Chiara , Di Tullio Marcella , Romano Luigi , Sinjari Bruna , D’Arcangelo Camillo , De Ninis Paolo , Paolantonio Michele 
Published: August 2015

Background: Platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) promotes tissue regeneration by releasing various growth factors. The palatal donor site of the epithelialized connective tissue (CT) graft significantly influences the patient’s morbidity. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of PRF and gelatin sponge on the healing of palatal donor sites and the patient’s morbidity.Methods: Forty patients with at least one site of Miller Class I or II gingival recession were treated by a coronally advanced flap with CT graft resulting from the de‐epithelialization of a free gingival graft. In the test group (20 patients), a PRF membrane was placed over the palatal wounds; conversely, the 20 control group patients were treated with an absorbable gelatin sponge. Patients were monitored at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after surgery for the complete re‐epithelialization of the palatal wound (CWE), the alteration of sensitivity around the wound area, postoperative discomfort, and changes in feeding habits (CFH). Furthermore, the consumption of analgesics during the postoperative week 1 was assessed.Results: The test group showed a significantly faster CWE (P <0.001); 35% of the test patients showed CWE at the end of week 2 (controls, 10%), whereas at the end of week 3, all palatal wounds in the test patients epithelialized completely (controls, 25%). Similarly, test patients reported significantly less discomfort and CFH (P ≤ 0.02) and took a significantly lower dose of analgesics (P = 0.02).Conclusion: The PRF‐enriched palatal bandage significantly accelerates palatal wound healing and reduces the patient’s morbidity.
Evaluation of MicroRNA‐146a and Its Targets in Gingival Tissues of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Motedayyen Hossein , Ghotloo Somayeh , Saffari Mahmood , Sattari Mandana , Amid Reza 
Published: August 2015

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‐coding RNAs that play an important role in the regulation of gene expression. miRNA‐146a (miR‐146a), a member of the miR‐146 family, is involved in the control of inflammation. Periodontitis is a set of chronic inflammatory disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth that lead to the breakdown of alveolar bone and tooth loss. In this study, expression levels of miR‐146a and its targets, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, and IL‐6, are evaluated in human patients with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: The study population consisted of 10 healthy controls and 20 individuals with CP. For each participant, clinical parameters including probing depth and clinical attachment level were measured, and a gingival tissue sample was collected. Levels of miR‐146a, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 were quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Levels of miR‐146a were significantly higher in patients with CP (P <0.001). There was a positive correlation between levels of miR‐146a and clinical parameters (P <0.05). Elevated miR‐146a was accompanied by a significant reduction in TNF‐α and IL‐6 (P <0.001).Conclusions: Patients with CP had higher levels of miR‐146a than healthy individuals, accompanied by reduced levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6. A positive relationship between miR‐146a levels and clinical parameters suggests a pathophysiologic role of miR‐146a in CP.
Effectiveness of Border Screening for Detecting Influenza in Arriving Airline Travelers
Authors: Priest Patricia C. , Jennings Lance C. , Duncan Alasdair R. , Brunton Cheryl R. , Baker Michael G. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We measured symptom and influenza prevalence, and the effectiveness of symptom and temperature screening for identifying influenza, in arriving international airline travelers. Methods. This cross-sectional study collected data from travelers to Christchurch International Airport, New Zealand, in winter 2008, via a health questionnaire, temperature testing, and respiratory sampling. Results. Forms were returned by 15 976 (68%) travelers. Of these, 17% reported at least 1 influenza symptom, with runny or blocked nose (10%) and cough (8%) most common. Respiratory specimens were obtained from 3769 travelers. Estimated prevalence of influenza was 1.1% (4% among symptomatic, 0.2% among asymptomatic). The sensitivity of screening criteria ranged from 84% for “any symptom” to 3% for a fever of 37.8 °C or greater. The positive predictive value was low for all criteria. Conclusions. Border screening using self-reported symptoms and temperature testing has limitations for preventing pandemic influenza from entering a country. Using “any symptom” or cough would lead to many uninfected people being investigated, yet some infected people would remain undetected. If more specific criteria such as fever were used, most infected people would enter the country despite screening.
Eficacia de la detección sistemática de la gripe en las fronteras en los viajeros que llegan por vía aérea
Authors: Priest Patricia C. , Jennings Lance C. , Duncan Alasdair R. , Brunton Cheryl R. , Baker Michael G. 
Published: August 2015

Objetivos. Se midieron los síntomas y la prevalencia de la gripe (también llamada influenza), así como la eficacia del mecanismo de detección sistemática basado en los síntomas y la temperatura para diagnosticar la gripe en viajeros internacionales que llegaban por vía aérea. Métodos. El presente estudio transversal recopiló datos de viajeros que llegaron al aeropuerto internacional de Christchurch (Nueva Zelandia) en el invierno del 2008 mediante un cuestionario de salud, medición de la temperatura y toma de muestras de las vías respiratorias. Resultados. De los viajeros, 15 976 (68%) entregaron los formularios completos. De ellos, 17% notificaron al menos un síntoma de gripe; los síntomas más comunes fueron rinorrea o congestión nasal (10%) y tos (8%). Se tomaron muestras de las vías respiratorias de 3 769 viajeros. La prevalencia estimada de la gripe fue de 1,1% (4% en las personas sintomáticas, 0,2% en las asintomáticas). La sensibilidad de los criterios de detección varió de 84% para “cualquier síntoma” a 3% para la fiebre de 37,8 °C o mayor. El valor predictivo positivo fue bajo para todos los criterios. Conclusiones. El método de detección sistemática en las fronteras mediante la autonotificación de síntomas y la toma de la temperatura presenta limitaciones para impedir que una gripe pandémica entre en un país. Basarse en criterios como “cualquier síntoma” o la tos haría que se investigara a varias personas no infectadas, mientras que algunas personas infectadas pasarían inadvertidas. Si se usaran criterios más específicos como la fiebre, la mayoría de las personas infectadas entrarían en el país a pesar del mecanismo de detección.
Explaining Racial Disparities in Infant Health in Brazil
Authors: Nyarko Kwame A. , Lopez-Camelo Jorge , Castilla Eduardo E. , Wehby George L. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil.Methods. We employed a sample of 8949 infants born between 1995 and 2009 in 15 cities and 7 provinces in Brazil. We focused on disparities in LBW (< 2500 g) and PTB (< 37 gestational weeks) prevalence between infants of African ancestry alone or African mixed with other ancestries, and European ancestry alone. We used a decomposition model to quantify the contributions of conceptually relevant factors to these disparities.Results. The model explained 45% to 94% of LBW and 64% to 94% of PTB disparities between the African ancestry groups and European ancestry. Differences in prenatal care use and geographic location were the most important contributors, followed by socioeconomic differences. The model explained the majority of the disparities for mixed African ancestry and part of the disparity for African ancestry alone.Conclusions. Public policies to improve children’s health should target prenatal care and geographic location differences to reduce health disparities between infants of African and European ancestries in Brazil.
Preparedness for Natural Disasters Among Older US Adults: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Al-rousan Tala M. , Rubenstein Linda M. , Wallace Robert B. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We sought to determine natural disaster preparedness levels among older US adults and assess factors that may adversely affect health and safety during such incidents. Methods. We sampled adults aged 50 years or older (n = 1304) from the 2010 interview survey of the Health and Retirement Study. The survey gathered data on general demographic characteristics, disability status or functional limitations, and preparedness-related factors and behaviors. We calculated a general disaster preparedness score by using individual indicators to assess overall preparedness. Results. Participant (n = 1304) mean age was 70 years (SD = 9.3). Only 34.3% reported participating in an educational program or reading materials about disaster preparation. Nearly 15% reported using electrically powered medical devices that might be at risk in a power outage. The preparedness score indicated that increasing age, physical disability, and lower educational attainment and income were independently and significantly associated with worse overall preparedness. Conclusions. Despite both greater vulnerability to disasters and continuous growth in the number of older US adults, many of the substantial problems discovered are remediable and require attention in the clinical, public health, and emergency management sectors of society.
Catastrophic Head-Neck Dissociation of a Modular Cementless Femoral Component
Authors: Swann R. Presley , Webb Jonathan E. , Cass Joseph R. , Van Citters Douglas W. , Lewallen David G. 
Published: August 2015

Case:
We report two cases of modular head-neck junction failure involving the Stryker Accolade TMZF stem leading to sudden dissociation of the femoral head from the stem. Both patients presented with mechanical symptoms in the hip followed by pain and hip dysfunction. Disassembly of the head and deformation of the male taper were seen on preoperative radiographs. Intraoperatively, both patients had substantial metallosis with a markedly damaged taper requiring stem revision.

Conclusion:
We recommend regular clinical and radiographic surveillance of patients with the Stryker Accolade TMZF stem, especially those patients with pain and/or mechanical symptoms.
Intrameniscal Gouty Tophi in the Knee
Authors: Aoki Tetsuhiro , Tensho Keiji , Shimodaira Hiroki , Akaoka Yusuke , Takanashi Seiji , Shimojo Hisashi , Saito Naoto , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2015

Case:
We report a case of recurrent acute arthritis and restricted range of motion in the knee joint, with magnetic resonance imaging subsequently detecting a nodular lesion within the lateral meniscus. Knee arthroscopy and histology revealed that the lesion was intrameniscal gouty tophi. After arthroscopic synovectomy and excision of the tophi, the symptoms resolved and the patient remained symptom-free at two years of follow-up.

Conclusion:
Surgeons should be aware of the presence of such pathology and consider arthroscopic surgery if the mechanical symptoms persist.
The Interplay of Management Incentives and Audit Committee Communication on Auditor Judgment
Authors: Brown J. Owen , Popova Velina K. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
This study investigates the interplay of management and the audit committee on auditor judgments and evidence documentation. In a 2 × 2 between-subjects experiment, 58 experienced auditors were tasked with evaluating an inventory obsolescence issue when management's incentives to influence the auditor were either higher or lower. The auditors were also either provided or not provided with additional communicated expectations from the audit committee that opposed management's aggressive reporting preference. Drawing on research on competing preferences and source credibility theory, we predict and find that when management's incentives are higher, additional audit committee communication has a significant and positive impact on auditors' evidence evaluation and related judgments. However, we find no effect of added audit committee influence when management incentives are lower. These findings highlight the importance of examining the interrelationships among the various actors contributing to corporate governance and also inform standard setters about the benefits of increased communication between audit committees and auditors.