bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History
Authors: Mueller Sean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe notion of shared rule has been understood in three different yet logically connected ways. This chapter traces the emergence of these three meanings over time by looking at the works of major (con)federal theorists. Autonomy and sovereignty were there first, and horizontal cooperation arose from them. The understanding of shared rule subsequently morphed into a synonym for centralization, tilting the horizontal into a vertical continuum. Yet the creation of new states on the basis of both popular and territorial sovereignties only made for new objects of desire. Accordingly, the third and most recent understanding of shared rule defines it as the influence of regional governments over national, federal, or central decisions. Finally, the chapter discusses differences and complementarities of regional government influence regarding political parties and explains how the distinction between presidential and parliamentary systems could potentially matter for how shared rule is designed and exercised.
Regional Causes
Authors: Mueller Sean 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses the causes of the use of shared rule at regional level, seeking to combine the strengths of quantitative and qualitative methods. It finds that what regional governments want from the central or federal level depends on both their character and the overall system of which they form part. In the main, culturally distinct regions want recognition, richer ones more freedom, and poorer entities more support. If the degree of regional self-rule as provided by the existing federal political system is satisfactory, shared rule is used as a shield to defend the status quo. If in turn changes are sought for partisan or cultural reasons, shared rule becomes yet another instrument in the struggle for greater self-rule.
Introduction
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A feminist perspective is rarely present in discourse and reflection on the place of humans in the cosmos. This book seeks to fill that niche. Although its central theme is the bioethics of space exploration analyzed from a feminist perspective, the book also takes up other ethical issues concerning the global exclusion of the poorest and traditionally marginalized groups. This is because the aim of the book is to place future human expansion in space in the broader context of all human activity and development on Earth. The introduction provides a brief overview of the topics presented in the book’s six chapters.
Power and Exclusion in Space Exploration
Authors: Szocik Konrad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the dynamics of power and exclusion in future space exploration and exploitation. It draws attention to the dominant power of men over women in many areas of life on a global scale. Gender issues in space and the exclusion of women from this highly masculinized environment are discussed. The chapter discusses various forms and contexts of exclusion. Special attention is paid to the specifics of capitalism and nationalism in space and how it is related to nationalism and capitalism as we know it on Earth. Finally, the chapter discusses the special case of exclusion from future space settlement.
Rooting State Capitalism in the Churn of Uneven Development
Authors: Alami Ilias , Dixon Adam D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The chapter claims that the fundamental sources of present-day state capitalism are to be found in two world-historical economic mutations, both of which stem from material transformations in the capitalist labour process and changing forms of labour exploitation: (1) the emergence of a more complex constellation of ‘old’ and ‘new’ international divisions of labour; and (2) deep-seated tendencies towards economic stagnation and industrial overcapacity. The chapter shows that these phenomena have had multifaceted ramifications in terms of the temporal and geographical dynamics of value production, circulation, and distribution, and in terms of corporate strategies. States have been directly implicated in these transformations, which they have accompanied by deploying a range of instruments, policies, and regulations. As they have done so, states have themselves experienced a process of restructuring, involving profound transformations in pre-existing landscapes of state intervention, a rearticulation of the relations between states and the circuits of capital, shifting boundaries between the state and civil society, 78and a dramatic expansion of their role as promoter of capital accumulation, direct owner of capital, and investor-shareholder. This is precisely the phenomenon that is now increasingly referred to as the ‘new’ state capitalism. The chapter then offers a panorama of this polymorphous process of state restructuring since the turn of the millennium. it identifies four tendencies: the ‘productivist’, ‘absorptive’, ‘stabilizing’, and ‘disciplinary’ state capitalist impulses. Combinations of these four state capitalist impulses have been observable to various degrees across the world economy, and have profoundly shaped global trajectories of state intervention.
Living with surveillance
Authors: Lyon David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the key concepts of surveillance. Today, surveillance has become an unprecedented central, pervasive, but largely unseen feature of society. Aside from social media, surveillance today depends on many kinds of data, which are used for consumer advertising, public health, and security agencies. The growth of surveillance goes hand in hand with various trends, such as security. The chapter raises three key issues of surveillance: surveillance as an ambivalent practice, data justice, and social sorting. Surveillance practices are always uncertain because they may not adequately portray persons or populations fairly or appropriately. It argues that surveillance has its respective ethics and politics.
Surveillance culture: an everyday reality
Authors: Lyon David 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the everyday reality of being part of the surveillance culture. It raises the argument that the surveillance culture is inescapable. In a surveillance culture, people get used to (or uneasy about) their daily lives being increasingly transparent to themselves and unknown others. Moreover, social media corrodes the edges of social contexts and social roles as users strategically reveal, disclose, and conceal personal information to create connections with others and to tend to social boundaries in an effort to manage their online personas. The chapter expounds on the distinction between checking, cyberstalking, and vigilantism before considering the ‘paradox of privacy’.
Combined impact of dynamic air pollution and transportation noise on cardiometabolic disorders in San Diego County
Authors: Berneron Blanche , Yang Jiue-An , Jankowska Marta M , Benmarhnia Tarik , Letellier Noémie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Air pollution and noise exposure may synergistically contribute to increased cardiometabolic disorders; however, few studies have examined this potential interaction nor considered exposures beyond residential location. This study investigates the combined impact of dynamic air pollution and transportation noise on cardiometabolic disorders in San Diego County. Using the Community of Mine Study (2014-2017), 602 ethnically diverse participants were assessed for obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using anthropometric measurements and biomarkers from blood samples. Time-weighted measures of exposure to PM2.5, NO2, road and aircraft noise were calculated using global positioning system (GPS) mobility data and Kernel Density Estimation. Generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze associations. Interactions were assessed on the multiplicative and additive scales using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI). We found that air pollution and noise interact to affect metabolic disorders on both multiplicative and additive scales. The effect of noise on obesity and MetS was higher when air pollution was higher. The RERI of aircraft noise and NO2 on obesity and MetS were 0.13 (95%CI 0.03, 0.22) and 0.13 (95%CI 0.02, 0.25), respectively. This finding suggests that aircraft noise and air pollution may have synergistic effects on obesity and MetS.
30 Healthier Highways - improving worker health protection in the highways sector. A case study from the UK’s motorway network
Authors: Perkins Stephen , Hirst Adrian , Jones Wendy , Armstrong Jennie 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The highways maintenance, renewal and improvement industry spends some £5Bn of public money each year on the UK’s motorways and other national road infrastructure. Occupational hygiene has made negligible impact in this this sector of the construction industry, despite it employing some 30% of the 1.4M strong construction workforce. With its cocktail of occupational exposure hazards, mobile sites, long-standing working practices and significant night time working, the highways industry needs a health protection culture transformation.
The authors present a case study on the expanding initiative, known as Healthier Highways, to improve workplace health protection culture on the UK’s motorway network in a multi-stakeholder environment. Initially developed on the M25 (London’s orbital motorway), but now expanded across the Southeast Region of National Highways and beyond, they outline the Healthier Highways strategic approach to engaging organisations and workers unfamiliar with occupational hygiene. The on-going initiative covers the areas of stakeholder engagement, organisational competence, investigation and control of specific health risks, supply chain management of health risk and sector collaboration and leadership.
Outcomes from all five areas of the award winning initiative are presented, showing marked improvement in the overall culture of health protection and pointing the way to a health culture transformation in the highways industry.
67 Criteria for the assessment of the percutaneous absorption of hazardous substances at the workplace – The German MAK Commission approach
Authors: Bader Michael , Bartsch Rüdiger , Drexler Hans , Göen Thomas , Hiller Julia , Jäger Thomas , Roßbach Bernd , Hartwig Andrea ,   MAK Commission
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The uptake of hazardous substances at the workplace through the skin can be one major route of exposure and therefore add to the occupational health risk for employees. More than one third of all substances with a limit value in workplace air in Germany have been designated with ‘H’ by the MAK Commission of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), indicating that the percutaneous absorption under workplace conditions can make a significant contribution to the systemic exposure of an employee. The recommendations of the MAK Commission are one major source for regulatory decisions taken by the German Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs for sustaining health and safety in the work area. This presentation summarizes the general approach of the MAK Commission’s working group on percutaneous absorption, the selection and ranking of data (workplace studies, animal studies, in vitro studies, mathematical models or algorithms) as well as the quantitative criteria for an assignment with ‘H’. For the final assessment, the estimated absorbed amount of a substance is compared with the systemically tolerable amount extrapolated from the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). A designation with ‘H’ is recommended if the percutaneous uptake accounts for approximately 25 % or more of the tolerable quantity. Only in the case of genotoxic substances without limit values is the ability of a substance to cross the skin barrier sufficient in itself to recommend designation with an ‘H’. The assessment process as well as its merits and challenges are illustrated by some examples.
102 Enhancing the coverage of a multi-agent exposure assessment tool through the modelling of over 100,000 measurements
Authors: Sauve Jean-Francois , Kollar Fantine , Mater Gautier 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The INRS developed an online tool (https://www.inrs.fr/outil110) that provides descriptive statistics of concentrations for work situations defined by users using up to ten exposure variables. Statistics are calculated from measurements collected in French workplaces and recorded in the Colchic database. However, a given work situation may have only few measurements available for reporting reliable descriptive statistics. We explored the use of mixed-effects models to address this issue.

Methodology
We selected individual measurements collected between 2010- 2022. We defined a core model that contained all variables available in the tool: industry, occupation, task, and product associated with exposure (random effects), number of workers, general ventilation, local exhaust ventilation, exposure frequency, process, and sampling duration (fixed effects). We modeled each agent separately (minimum 100 measurements) after excluding highly correlated variables. Models were cross-validated and predicted concentrations were compared to those recorded in Colchic from January to July 2023 (minimum 10 measurements per agent).

Results
We fitted models to 134 agents with 101 to 11,819 measurements (median 405). The median cross-validation R2 across agents was 0.45 (interquartile interval 0.35-0.56). Predictive performance for 2023 concentrations by agent (n=48) was lower (median R2 0.10, interquartile interval 0.02-0.22; median relative bias -15%); coverage of the 80% prediction intervals was adequate (median 79%, interquartile interval 69-88%).

Conclusions
While the cross-validation showed promising results, the performance of the models to predict new concentrations was less satisfactory. Factors associated with poorer predictive performance should be investigated and remediated prior to integrating these models in the tool.
130 Safe-by-design approach to reduce worker exposure risks while working with nanostructured powders
Authors: Shandilya Neeraj , Broßell Dirk , Fonseca Ana Sofia , Ribalta Carla , Jensen Keld Alstrup 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Generated dust during the powder handling processes at the workplaces causes serious worker exposure risk. Dustiness of a powder is the most relevant factor influencing powder exposure potential. The purpose of this study was to incorporate Safe-by-Design approach to reduce dustiness of particularly nanostructured powders to ultimately reduce the worker exposure.

Methodology
Several physio-chemical properties of nanostructured powders and handling activity parameters were studied to determine their impact on powder dustiness. The first phase of the study was experimental in which dustiness and release tests were carried out. In the second phase, qualitative modelling was done with an objective of the dustiness prediction based on the powder physio-chemical properties and activity handling energy.

Results
While increasing some properties, e.g. bulk density, electrostatic charge potential, decreased dustiness index, increasing other parameters, e.g. water repellence, increased the dustiness index, with linear and non-linear relationships. Increase in dustiness was observed with increasing fiber diameter and stiffness for high aspect ratio powders. Handling energy factors corrected dustiness indices from standard dustiness test methods reduced their deviation from real world powder handling activities, particularly for pouring and transferring.

Conclusions
Based on the results, safe-by-design approach can be applied to nanostructured powders by altering powder and process properties to pre-emptively reduce their dustiness (if not eliminate). The developed qualitative modelling is a first step in this direction which can be used as a predictive new approach methodology to be employed in the early stages of product innovation to reduce worker exposure risk.
225 Mapping simultaneous exposure to heat stress, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen, for the general and working population
Authors: Scholten Bernice , Pronk Anjoeka 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase exposure to environmental health risk factors, including extreme temperatures, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen. Outdoor and manual workers are a particularly vulnerable group for exposure to heat and humidity because their work may involve heavy exertion, and they might have less capacity to lose heat because of the need to wear personal protective clothing. The objective of this research is to visualize and quantify the extent of simultaneous exposure to multiple environmental risk factors throughout Europe for both workers and the general population.
Exposure data for all three stressors were output for the period in between 1 May 2022 until 31 August 2022. For each stressor a threshold was set using either official threshold values, or proposed using available literature. To account for differences in experienced heat stress amongst groups, the heat-stress index was adjusted to resemble a worker involved in heavy labor whilst wearing a full working outfit.
Simultaneous exposure to heat stress, air pollution and airborne allergenic pollen is most evident for Northern Italy. Male and female workers with a high-risk profile for heat stress are at increased risk for simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors, as the area of co-exposure hotspots in Europe is over three to six times higher for these worker groups, respectively.
Although it remains challenging to derived threshold values for evaluating hourly exposure data, we provide a framework to visualize and quantify simultaneous exposure to different environmental factors in Europe. The map and datasets are freely available online.
244 Implementing changes to protect workers from exposures to hazardous drugs
Authors: Arnold Susan , Davies Hugh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hazardous drugs (HD) present a complex exposure problem within healthcare facilities whereby nursing, pharmacy and other staff are chronically exposed to low-levels of HDs via contaminated surfaces throughout pharmacies and clinical settings. Many of these drugs are designated as ALARA substances (reproductive toxins and/or carcinogens); exposures to unknown mixtures or cleaning agent reaction by-products may also occur but have been poorly characterized. There is a lack of health-based surface-OELs against which to benchmark exposures. Despite increased awareness of HD exposures and promotion of safe handling measures, surface levels of HD have plateaued over the last decade. New, collaborative approaches are needed to reduce environmental contamination of HD that contribute to exposures among healthcare workers and staff.
We introduce a new approach involving a broad, collaborative, system-wide program based on social dialogue models that brings all parties (e.g., employees/unions, employers, scientists and regulators) together to work on a common goal (e.g., HD exposure reduction) in a collaborative manner that is evidence-based (e.g., surveillance data) that have been successfully implemented in Europe, and an embedded quantitative exposure assessment strategy that uses “hygienic guidance values” (HGV) in the absence of surface OELS. This HGV-based surveillance strategy provides key operational details to the user and also provides target performance levels (through HGV rather than OELs). This approach offers support for a quantified ALARA response, as an HGV approach can encourage measured and continual improvement (i.e., exposure reductions) over time, and centers on a continuous improvement paradigm.
207a - Elevating exposure science: fostering education, training, and communication in alignment with the European Exposure Science Strategy (2020−2030)
Authors: Connolly Alison , Bachler Gerald , Galea Karen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Exposure science plays a crucial role in investigating human interaction with chemical, biological, and physical agents and evaluating associated exposure sources, pathways, and processes that may pose a risk for adverse human health effects. Exposure science is applied across workplace settings to conduct robust risk assessments and implement controls. Advances in exposure science strongly rely on input from well-trained and experienced experts. Despite these vital contributions of exposure science, Europe currently lacks formal education and training programmes solely dedicated to exposure science. The European Chapter of the International Society of Exposure Science (ISES) has formulated the European Exposure Science Strategy, which includes a priority strategic objective to formally establish exposure science in education.
To address this objective, the ISES Europe Education, Training, and Communication working group was established in 2018 with the ambition to firmly establish exposure science in academic research and education. The group made notable progress and achievements, including providing harmonised exposure science terminology to ensure appropriate and comparable interpretation of exposure science data and studies. Additionally, initiating the first steps of curriculum development by providing harmonised learning outcomes based on exposure science specific descriptors, categorised by knowledge, skill, and competence.
Future ambitions for the advancement of exposure science education and training include the development of educational courses and programmes, a certification process for recognition of these courses, and establishing professional accreditation for exposure scientists in the field. These initiatives seek to contribute to producing well-trained graduates with clearly defined career pathways, thereby enhancing the credibility of exposure science professionals.
315a - SLIC Chemex: how inspectorates at EU level cooperate!
Authors: Waegemaekers Monique 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Senior Labour Inspectorate Committee (SLIC) is an organization in which all European labour inspectorates are represented. SLIC has the mandate to give its opinion on all matters relating to the enforcement by the Member States of EU legislation on health and safety at work. Some of the key activities undertaken by SLIC include defining common principles of labour inspection for health and safety, developing methods to assess national inspection systems, facilitating information exchange among national labour inspection services and promoting labour inspector exchange programs and training initiatives, Overall, SLIC plays a crucial role in harmonizing and enhancing health and safety practices across EU Member States.
Several working groups have been set up under SLIC.WG Chemex was established to transfer knowledge to inspectorates on dangerous substances. For example, WG developed a training course for inspectors without any knowledge of dangerous substances on how to carry out a basic inspection. WG CHEMEX has published several guidance documents addressing key health hazards such as silica dust and welding fume along with guidance on REACH/OSH interface issues.. This presentation provide an overview of some of the SLIC WG Chemex products.
The presentation will also focus on the results from cooperation with the EU’s Roadmap on Carcinogens on exchange of enforcement case studies results from a survey on hazardous substances conducted for the SLIC thematic day in May 2024 will be presented. Finally, WG Chemex’s approach to the REACH/OSH interface enforcement issues and initial results from an EU pilot enforcement project addressing exposure to di-isocyanates will also be highlighted.