bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial intelligence in endodontics: Fundamental principles, workflow, and tasks
Authors: Ourang Seyed AmirHossein , Sohrabniya Fatemeh , Mohammad‐Rahimi Hossein , Dianat Omid , Aminoshariae Anita , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Dummer Paul Michael Howell , Duncan Henry F. , Nosrat Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has seen significant advancements, particularly in areas requiring image interpretation. Endodontics, a specialty within dentistry, stands to benefit immensely from AI applications, especially in interpreting radiographic images. However, there is a knowledge gap among endodontists regarding the fundamentals of machine learning and deep learning, hindering the full utilization of AI in this field. This narrative review aims to: (A) elaborate on the basic principles of machine learning and deep learning and present the basics of neural network architectures; (B) explain the workflow for developing AI solutions, from data collection through clinical integration; (C) discuss specific AI tasks and applications relevant to endodontic diagnosis and treatment. The article shows that AI offers diverse practical applications in endodontics. Computer vision methods help analyse images while natural language processing extracts insights from text. With robust validation, these techniques can enhance diagnosis, treatment planning, education, and patient care. In conclusion, AI holds significant potential to benefit endodontic research, practice, and education. Successful integration requires an evolving partnership between clinicians, computer scientists, and industry.
Oral tolerance to dietary antigens and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Miranda‐Waldetario Mariana C. G. , Curotto de Lafaille Maria A. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryImmune tolerance to foods develops in the intestine upon food ingestion and is essential to prevent IgE‐mediated food allergy and gut inflammation. In homeostasis, the intestine is a tolerogenic environment that favors the formation of food‐specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. A tolerogenic intestinal environment depends on colonization by diverse microbiota and exposure to solid foods at a critical period in early life. These early immune responses lead to the induction of antigen‐specific Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in draining mesenteric lymph nodes. These peripherally induced regulatory cells circulate and seed the lamina propria of the gut, exerting suppressive function systemically and locally in the intestine. Successful establishment of a tolerogenic intestinal environment in early life sets the stage for oral tolerance to new antigens in adult life.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID‐19 Antigen Card Test, Puerto Rico
Authors: Madewell Zachary J. , Major Chelsea G. , Graff Nathan , Adams Cameron , Rodriguez Dania M. , Morales Tatiana , Medina Lopes Nicole A. , Tosado Rafael , Sánchez‐González Liliana , Perez‐Padilla Janice , Volkman Hannah R. , Bertrán‐Pasarell Jorge , Sainz de la Peña Diego , Munoz‐Jordan Jorge , Santiago Gilberto A. , Lorenzi Olga , Rivera‐Amill Vanessa , Rolfes Melissa A. , Paz‐Bailey Gabriela , Adams Laura E. , Wong Joshua M. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic underscored the need for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools. In August 2020, the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID‐19 Antigen Card test became available as a timely and affordable alternative for SARS‐CoV‐2 molecular testing, but its performance may vary due to factors including timing and symptomatology. This study evaluates BinaxNOW diagnostic performance in diverse epidemiological contexts.MethodsUsing RT‐PCR as reference, we assessed performance of the BinaxNOW COVID‐19 test for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in anterior nasal swabs from participants of two studies in Puerto Rico from December 2020 to May 2023. Test performance was assessed by days post symptom onset, collection strategy, vaccination status, symptomatology, repeated testing, and RT‐PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values.ResultsBinaxNOW demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 84.1% and specificity of 98.8%. Sensitivity peaked within 1–6 days after symptom onset (93.2%) and was higher for symptomatic (86.3%) than asymptomatic (67.3%) participants. Sensitivity declined over the course of infection, dropping from 96.3% in the initial test to 48.4% in testing performed 7–14 days later. BinaxNOW showed 99.5% sensitivity in participants with low Ct values (≤ 25) but lower sensitivity (18.2%) for participants with higher Cts (36–40).ConclusionsBinaxNOW demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early‐stage infections and symptomatic participants. In situations where test sensitivity is crucial for clinical decision‐making, nucleic acid amplification tests are preferred. These findings highlight the importance of considering clinical and epidemiological context when interpreting test results and emphasize the need for ongoing research to adapt testing strategies to emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.
Waterlogging‐Induced Changes in ABA, Carbohydrates and CBF6 Modify Freezing Tolerance in Prehardened Festuca pratensis
Authors: Jurczyk Barbara , Dziurka Michał , Janowiak Franciszek , Pociecha Ewa , Grzesiak Maciej , Rapacz Marcin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTChanges in precipitation and snow melt during warmer winters can increase low‐temperature waterlogging. Such conditions may bring about different effects when compared with a single stress trigger, such as low‐temperature or water excess. The effects of waterlogging are clearly related to water temperature, and the consequences of water excess might be less severe, as more oxygen is dissolved in colder water. The effect of waterlogging during cold acclimation (CA) is poorly understood; most experiments concerning water excess are performed at relatively high‐temperatures. In this study, we examined the effect of 3 weeks of waterlogging (approx. 2 cm above the soil level) on CA in Festuca pratensis Huds. (Fp), a cool‐season grass. Measurements were taken before CA (after prehardening, before flooding) and after 3 weeks of CA in waterlogged (treated) and non‐waterlogged (control) plants. The work included: (i) freezing tolerance test (regrowth after freezing), (ii) analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) content in the leaf, (iii) leaf stomatal conductance, (iv) leaf water content, (v) carbohydrates analysis, including fructans, and (vi) transcript levels of selected genes involved in freezing tolerance, ABA signalling and fructan biosynthesis. The aim of the study was to test a hypothesis that low‐temperature waterlogging in Fp enhances freezing tolerance (plant regrowth after freezing) related to increased ABA accumulation, increased C‐repeat‐binding transcription factor expression and/or increased carbohydrate accumulation, including fructans. Two out of four genotypes exhibited enhanced regrowth following freezing due to waterlogging relative to control. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a positive correlation between ABA levels and freezing tolerance in both treatments, with a more pronounced effect observed in the waterlogged plants. However, the phytohormone played different roles in these two treatments. In the context of low‐temperature waterlogging, ABA may be involved in the dehydration tolerance response in genotypes suffering from physiological drought, as well as the induction of C‐repeat‐binding transcription factors (CBFs) and sucrose, which may improve freezing tolerance. The increased fructan amount and polymerisation degree due to waterlogging may provide a carbohydrate sink to maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency, but are not directly responsible for freezing tolerance changes. The study indicates that tolerance mechanisms of Fp exposed to low‐temperature waterlogging involve maintaining a high photosynthetic rate, as well as oxidative and dehydration stress tolerance.
Unravelling tumour cell diversity and prognostic signatures in cutaneous melanoma through machine learning analysis
Authors: Cheng Wenhao , Ni Ping , Wu Hao , Miao Xiaye , Zhao Xiaodong , Yan Dali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMelanoma, a highly malignant tumour, presents significant challenges due to its cellular heterogeneity, yet research on this aspect in cutaneous melanoma remains limited. In this study, we utilized single‐cell data from 92,521 cells to explore the tumour cell landscape. Through clustering analysis, we identified six distinct cell clusters and investigated their differentiation and metabolic heterogeneity using multi‐omics approaches. Notably, cytotrace analysis and pseudotime trajectories revealed distinct stages of tumour cell differentiation, which have implications for patient survival. By leveraging markers from these clusters, we developed a tumour cell‐specific machine learning model (TCM). This model not only predicts patient outcomes and responses to immunotherapy, but also distinguishes between genomically stable and unstable tumours and identifies inflamed (‘hot’) versus non‐inflamed (‘cold’) tumours. Intriguingly, the TCM score showed a strong association with TOMM40, which we experimentally validated as an oncogene promoting tumour proliferation, invasion and migration. Overall, our findings introduce a novel biomarker score that aids in selecting melanoma patients for improved prognoses and targeted immunotherapy, thereby guiding clinical treatment decisions.
Dangerous winds: Criminal threats and the indigenized security of wind power in Colombia
Authors: Schwartz Steven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal energy companies have regularly depended on state and private security for sustaining their operations, often with deadly consequences for union leaders, environmental defenders, and local communities. This article examines how these security arrangements are mutating amid the rapid expansion of renewable energy in Latin America. It uncovers how wind energy companies in Colombia rely on Indigenous knowledge, social networks, and legal norms to safeguard themselves in La Guajira, a border region reputed by outsiders as haunted by criminality and (il)legal practices. Through long‐term ethnographic research of corporate spaces, I argue that Wayúu lifeways are mobilized by green energy capital to craft a hybrid security apparatus that, though failure‐prone, is crucial for Colombia's low‐carbon future. This case reveals how corporate and Indigenous configurations of protection and risk prevention work in tandem across sites that are being demarcated for the energy transition and climate change mitigation in Latin America.
Early postoperative growth hormone measurement as a predictive marker for acromegaly remission
Authors: Kraljevic Ivana , Solak Mirsala , Kovac Diana , Polovina Tanja Skoric , Tomsic Karin Zibar , Balasko Annemarie , Dusek Tina , Kastelan Darko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) has a short half‐life and declines abruptly following somatotropinoma surgery, enabling its prompt measurement as an indicator of surgical success. This study assesses the predictive value of early postoperative GH levels for 3‐month and >1‐year remission of acromegaly. We conducted a retrospective search in our database of patients who had undergone transsphenoidal surgery of GH‐secreting pituitary adenoma from January 2011 to June 2022. Only the patients who underwent the first pituitary surgery and had GH measurements on the fifth postoperative day were included. The 3‐month and >1‐year remission of acromegaly was defined as achieving the GH nadir of <0.4 μg/L during an oral glucose tolerance test and maintaining normal insulin‐like growth factor 1 levels at the initial follow‐up visit 3 months after surgery and throughout at least the first year postoperation. We included 63 patients in the analysis, with a median follow‐up of 51.8 (13–155) months. The 3‐month remission was achieved in 42 (66.7%) patients, and >1‐year remission without additional therapy in 38 (60.3%) patients. Those who achieved >1‐year remission had significantly lower fifth‐day postoperative GH levels (0.59 [0.09–8.92] vs. 2.63 [0.25–24.64] μg/L, p < .001). Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis revealed a significant value of fifth‐day postoperative GH levels regarding the prediction of 3‐month (area under the curve [AUC], 0.834; p < .0001) and >1‐year (AUC, 0.783; p < .0001) acromegaly remission. The GH threshold of ≤1.57 μg/L yielded a sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 71.4% at 3 months and 89.5% sensitivity and 60% specificity at the >1‐year remission, respectively. Notably, all patients with fifth‐day postoperative GH levels ≤0.23 μg/L exhibited remission of acromegaly throughout the follow‐up period. Early postoperative GH measurement could be a reliable predictor of both 3‐month and >1‐year remission of acromegaly.
Pilot study on the relationship between oral function or subjective symptoms and appetite
Authors: Yamaga Ryosuke , Chikaishi Masato , Iwasaki Toshihiro , Tada Akira , Mizutani Saki , Amano Kota , Iwase Yoko , Taniguchi Hiroshige 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study evaluated the relationships between appetite and oral function, and between appetite and the subjective symptoms of decreased oral function.MethodsSeventy‐one adult dental clinic patients (22 males, 66.0 ± 14.0 years) participated in this study. A Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire score of ≤28 indicated anorexia, and the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐form, body mass index and skeletal muscle mass index were used to define subject characteristics. Seven oral function tests and seven subjective symptoms related to oral function were evaluated. The relationship between subject characteristics, oral function tests, subjective symptoms and anorexia was analysed using the chi‐square test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultThere were significant differences between the normal appetite group and the anorexia group for the 10‐item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10) survey and the question ‘Food remains in the oral cavity after eating’ (p < .05). Univariate logistic regression found significant differences in the items of masticatory function, the EAT‐10 survey and the question ‘Food remains in the oral cavity after eating’. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant differences in masticatory function (AOR 4.35; 95% CI: 1.03–18.35; p = .045) and EAT‐10 (AOR 6.27; 95% CI: 1.40–24.02; p = .016).ConclusionThis pilot study investigated the influence of factors related to oral function on appetite. Relationships were found among poor masticatory function, poor swallowing function and anorexia.
Galectin‐3‐upregulated FAK promotes angiogenesis through oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts
Authors: Xu Xiaoheng , Mi Qian , Chen Siting , Liu Yang , Xiong Xiaoqin , Yang Yinshen , Li Qian , Li Shuhua , Meng Wenxia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe specific mechanism underlying the role of oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts in angiogenesis remains undefined. Herein, the expression of Galectin‐3 in oral lichen planus and verifying whether Galectin‐3 can promote angiogenesis through oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts has been investigated.MethodsThe expression of Galectin‐3 and CD34 in the oral lichen planus tissues (n = 30) and normal oral mucosa tissues (n = 15) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Galectin‐3 in the oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts was determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Galectin‐3 overexpression lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected with oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts. In addition, oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts were treated with GB1107 (5 and 10 μM) to inhibit Galectin‐3 expression and co‐cultured with human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells, and analyzed by Transwell and tube formation assays. The expression of VEGF and FGF2 in oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts was detected, and the expression and phosphorylation levels of VEGFR2 and FAP in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells were determined.ResultsOral lichen planus subcutaneous tissues highly expressed Galectin‐3, positively correlated with angiogenesis. Oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts expressed significantly higher Galectin‐3 than NFs. Oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts overexpressing Galectin‐3 enhanced the migration and tube‐forming capacity of co‐cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. In oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts, 10 μM GB1107 reduced the proliferation and migration capacity, decreased the expression of α‐SMA, FAP, VEGF, and FGF2, and inhibited the tube‐forming capacity and the expression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation and FAK in co‐cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells.ConclusionsThe upregulation of Galectin‐3 expression in oral lichen planus is associated with angiogenesis, and the oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts promote human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells migration and tube‐forming differentiation through VEGFR2/FAP activation by Galectin‐3.
Genetic differentiation across a steep and narrow environmental gradient: Quantitative genetic and genomic insights into Lake Superior populations of Quercus rubra
Authors: Gómez Quijano María José , Gross Briana L. , Etterson Julie R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdaptive differentiation of traits and underlying loci can occur at a small geographical scale if natural selection is stronger than countervailing gene flow and drift. We investigated this hypothesis using coupled quantitative genetic and genomic approaches for a wind‐pollinated tree species, Quercus rubra, along the steep, narrow gradient of the Lake Superior coast that encompasses four USDA Hardiness Zones within 100 km. For the quantitative genetic component of this study, we examined phenotypic differentiation among eight populations in a common garden, measuring seed mass, germination, height, stem diameter, leaf number, specific leaf area and survival. For the genomic component, we quantified genetic differentiation for 26 populations from the same region using RAD‐seq. Because hybridisation with Quercus ellipsoidalis occurs in other parts of the species' range, we included two populations of this congener for comparison. In the common garden study, we found a strong signal of population differentiation that was significantly associated with at least one climate factor for nine of 10 measured traits. In contrast, we found no evidence of genomic differentiation among populations based on FST or any other measures. However, both distance‐based and genotype–environment association analyses identified loci showing the signature of selection, with one locus in common across five analyses. This locus was associated with the minimum temperature of the coldest month, a factor that defines the climate zones and was also significant in the common garden analyses. In addition, we documented introgression from Q. ellipsoidalis into Q. rubra, with rates of introgression correlated with the climate gradient. In sum, this study reveals signatures of selection at the quantitative trait and genomic level consistent with climate adaptation, a pattern that is more often documented at a much broader geographical scale, especially in long‐lived wind‐pollinated species.
Forward to the Past? Regional Repercussions of the Gaza War
Authors: Valbjørn Morten , Bank André , Darwich May 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Gaza war between Israel and Hamas marks the end of the long decade after the Arab uprisings. In this paper, we explore how the conflict has altered the regional political landscape in the Middle East, which bears similarities to the pre‐2011 dynamics but includes new elements. On the one hand, the war has taken the region “forward to the past” by revitalizing “Palestine” as a central issue, accentuating the so‐called Axis of Resistance, and increasing the prominence of the regimes‐people divide in Middle Eastern countries. On the other, the war has generated novel repercussions. “Palestine” today has broader global resonance than previous Arab and Islamic framings. And the regional alliance structure has been altered, with the “moderate Arab camp” fading and new actors, such as the Houthis in Yemen, rising and joining the resistance axis. As we demonstrate, the Gaza war is a critical juncture whose ramifications for both regional and domestic politics in the Middle East will reverberate for years to come.
The COVID‐19 pandemic as a modifier of DGBI symptom severity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kulin Dmitrii , Shah Ayesha , Fairlie Thomas , Wong Reuben K. , Fang Xiucai , Ghoshal Uday C. , Kashyap Purna C. , Mulak Agata , Lee Yeong Yeh , Talley Nicholas J. , Koloski Natasha , Jones Michael P. , Holtmann Gerald J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis SRMA reviewed and assessed the changes in the severity of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and evaluated factors associated with symptom severity changes.MethodsElectronic databases were searched until February 2024, for articles reporting on changes in symptom severity in DGBI patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The proportion of DGBI patients who reported a change in their symptom severity were pooled using a random‐effects model, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effect of socio‐cultural modifiers on symptom severity in DGBI.Key ResultsTwelve studies including 3610 DGBI patients found that 31.4% (95% CI, 15.9–52.5) of DGBI patients experienced symptom deterioration, while 24.3% (95% CI, 10.2–47.5) experienced improvement. Countries with high gross domestic product (GDP) had a 43.5% (95% CI, 16.3–75.2) likelihood of symptom deterioration, compared to 9.2% (95% CI, 1.4–42.2) in lower GDP countries. Similarly, countries with low COVID fatality rates had a 60.1% (95% CI, 19.7–90.3) likelihood of symptom deterioration, compared to 18.3% (95% CI, 7.8–36.9) in higher fatality rate countries. Countries with lenient COVID policies had a 58.4% (95% CI, 14.1–92.3) likelihood of symptom deterioration, compared to 19% (95% CI, 8.2–38.1) in countries with stricter policies. Patients in high vaccine hesitancy countries had a 51.4% (95% CI, 19.5–82.2) likelihood of symptom deterioration, compared to 10.6% (95% CI, 2.7–33.4) in low vaccine hesitancy countries.Conclusions & InferencesThis meta‐analysis reveals that a significantly higher proportion of DGBI patients experienced deterioration of symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Various sociocultural, economic and environmental factors potentially modify the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on DGBI.