bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation: Future Directions for Air Disinfection and Building Applications
Authors: Miller Shelly L. , Linnes Jacqueline , Luongo Julia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractUltraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) for air disinfection applications has relied on low‐pressure mercury vapor lamps for decades. New design requirements have generated the need for alternatives in some uses. This study describes the current state ofUVGItechnology and describes future directions for technology development, including the use of lamps produced from nontoxic materials and light‐emitting diode lamps. Important applications are discussed such as the use of ultraviolet germicidal lamps in developing countries, in heating, ventilating and air‐conditioning systems to improve energy efficiency and indoor air quality, and for whole room disinfection.
Separating mismatch negativity (MMN) response from auditory obligatory brain responses in school‐aged children
Authors: Lohvansuu Kaisa , Hämäläinen Jarmo A. , Tanskanen Annika , Bartling Jürgen , Bruder Jennifer , Honbolygó Ferenc , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Démonet Jean‐Francois , Csépe Valéria , Leppänen Paavo H. T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMismatch negativity (MMN) overlaps with other auditory event‐related potential (ERP) components. We examined the ERPs of 50 9‐ to 11‐year‐old children for vowels /i/, /y/ and equivalent complex tones. The goal was to separate MMN from obligatory ERP components using principal component analysis and equal probability control condition. In addition to the contrast of the deviant minus standard response, we employed the contrast of the deviant minus control response, to see whether the obligatory processing contributes to MMN in children. When looking for differences in speech deviant minus standard contrast, MMN starts around 112 ms. However, when both contrasts are examined, MMN emerges for speech at 160 ms whereas for nonspeech MMN is observed at 112 ms regardless of contrast. We argue that this discriminative response to speech stimuli at 112 ms is obligatory in nature rather than reflecting change detection processing.
Formation and preservation of an overstepped segmented lagoon complex on a high‐energy continental shelf
Authors: Green Andrew N. , Cooper J. Andrew G. , Leuci Rio , Thackeray Zane 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe duration of shoreline occupation at a given sea‐level, coastal response to sea‐level change and the controls on preservation of various shoreline elements can be recognized by detailed examination of submerged shorelines on the continental shelf. Using bathymetric and seismic observations, this article documents the evolution and preservation of an incised valley and lithified barrier complex between −65 m and −50 m mean sea‐level on a wave‐dominated continental shelf. The barrier complex is preserved as a series of aeolianite or beachrock ridges backed by laterally extensive back‐barrier sediments. The ridges include prograded cuspate lagoonal shoreline features similar to those found in contemporary lagoons. The incised valley trends shore‐parallel behind the barrier complex and records an early phase of valley filling, followed by a phase of extensive lagoonal sedimentation beyond the margins of the incised bedrock valley. Sea‐level stability at the outer barrier position (ca −65 m) enabled accumulation of a substantial coastal barrier that remained intact during a phase of subsequent slow sea‐level rise to −58 m when the lagoon formed. These lagoonal sediments are stripped seawards by bay ravinement processes which caused the formation of several prograded marginal cuspate features. An abrupt rise in sea‐level to −40 m, correlated with melt‐water pulse 1B, enabled the preservation of thick lagoonal sediments at the top of the incised valley fill and preservation on the sea bed of the cemented core of the barriers. This situation is unique to subtropical coastlines where early diagenesis is possible. The overlying sandy sediment from the uncemented upper portion of the barriers is dispersed by ravinement, partly burying the ridges and protecting the underlying sediments. The high degree of barrier or shoreline preservation is attributed to rapid overstepping of the shoreline, early cementation in favourable climatic conditions and the protection of the barrier cores by sand sheet draping.
Quantitation of fetomaternal haemorrhage and F cells in unusual maternal blood samples by flow cytometry using anti‐D and anti‐HbF
Authors: Kumpel B. M. , MacDonald A. P. , Bishop D. R. , Yates A. F. , Lee E. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYBackgroundFetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) assessment by the Kleihauer–Betke test (KBT) is rapid but semi‐quantitative and liable to false positive results.ObjectivesTo compare FMH estimated by KBT with flow cytometry (FC) quantitation for 37 patients with massive FMH, obstetric risk factors or technical problems.MethodsMaternal blood was sent for analysis by FC after KBT. A variety of reagents including anti‐haemoglobin F (HbF), anti‐D and combined anti‐HbF/anti‐carbonic anhydrase (CA) were used.ResultsEight cases of massive FMH (>100 mL fetal cells) causing fetal death or severe neonatal anaemia in late gestation were confirmed by FC. Anti‐HbF FC identified maternal F cells and fetal cells. In some cases these red cell populations merged but they could be differentiated by anti‐CA, labelling F cells only. Using KBT, false positive FMH results were obtained for 12 patients, who had strongly stained cells that were then shown by FC to be maternal F cells. All these patients had increased F cells (>5% of total red cells) whereas only 16% of patients with FMH and 22% of donors had elevated F cells. In contrast, anti‐D FC was simple and rapid, quantitating D‐positive FMH in all 15 D‐negative patients except one with massive FMH of weak D fetal cells. Leucocytes in four samples bound anti‐D, variably, giving erroneously high FMH, but they could be eliminated from FC analysis using combined anti‐D/anti‐CD45.ConclusionFMH quantitation using anti‐D by FC is suitable for the majority of maternal samples and could enable accurate targeted dosing of anti‐D prophylaxis.
Blood group typing in five Afghan populations in the North Hindu‐Kush region: implications for blood transfusion practice
Authors: Mazières S. , Temory S. A. , Vasseur H. , Gallian P. , Di Cristofaro J. , Chiaroni J. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesBlood incompatibility arises from individual and ethnic differences in red blood cell (RBC) antigen profiles. This underlines the importance of documenting RBC antigen variability in various ethnic groups. Central Asia is an area with a long and complex migratory history. The purpose of this article is to describe key antigen frequencies of Afghan ethnic groups in the Hindu‐Kush region of Afghanistan as a basis for improving blood transfusion practices in that area.Materials and MethodsThe key ABO, Rh and Kell antigens were investigated in five Afghan populations. In order to depict accurately the blood group gene diversity in the area, DNA from eight additional Pakistani populations were included, and the entire sample set screened using two multiplex polymerase chain reactions sensitive for 17 alleles in 10 blood group genetic systems (MNS, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Cartwright, Dombrock, Indian, Colton, Diego and Landsteiner–Wiener).ResultsPhenotype and allele frequencies fell within the ranges observed in Western European and East Asian populations. Occurrence of DI*01, IN*01, LW*07 and FY*02N.01 and prevalence of ABO*B were consistent with migratory history as well as with putative environmental adaptation in the subtropical environment Hindu‐Kush region.ConclusionThese findings expand the current knowledge about key antigen frequencies. Regarding occurrence of viral markers, further blood transfusion in the region requires rigorous typing.
A local regulatory network around threeNACtranscription factors in stress responses and senescence inArabidopsis leaves
Authors: Hickman Richard , Hill Claire , Penfold Christopher A. , Breeze Emily , Bowden Laura , Moore Jonathan D. , Zhang Peijun , Jackson Alison , Cooke Emma , Bewicke‐Copley Findlay , Mead Andrew , Beynon Jim , Wild David L. , Denby Katherine J. , Ott Sascha , Buchanan‐Wollaston Vicky 
Published: April 2013

SummaryA model is presented describing the gene regulatory network surrounding three similarNACtranscription factors that have roles in Arabidopsis leaf senescence and stress responses.ANAC019,ANAC055andANAC072belong to the same clade ofNACdomain genes and have overlapping expression patterns. A combination of promoterDNA/protein interactions identified using yeast 1‐hybrid analysis and modelling using gene expression time course data has been applied to predict the regulatory network upstream of these genes. Similarities and divergence in regulation during a variety of stress responses are predicted by different combinations of upstream transcription factors binding and also by the modelling. Mutant analysis with potential upstream genes was used to test and confirm some of the predicted interactions. Gene expression analysis in mutants ofANAC019andANAC055at different times during leaf senescence has revealed a distinctly different role for each of these genes. Yeast 1‐hybrid analysis is shown to be a valuable tool that can distinguish clades of binding proteins and be used to test and quantify protein binding to predicted promoter motifs.
Genome Sequence of the Obligate Gammaproteobacterial Methanotroph Methylomicrobium album Strain BG8
Authors: Kits K. Dimitri , Kalyuzhnaya Marina G. , Klotz Martin G. , Jetten Mike S. M. , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Vuilleumier Stéphane , Bringel Françoise , DiSpirito Alan A. , Murrell J. Colin , Bruce D. , Cheng J.-F. , Copeland A. , Goodwin Lynne , Hauser Loren , Lajus Aurélie , Land M. L. , Lapidus A. , Lucas S. , Médigue Claudine , Pitluck S. , Woyke Tanja , Zeytun A. , Stein Lisa Y. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Methylomicrobium album
strain BG8, a methane-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium isolated from freshwater, is reported. Aside from a conserved inventory of genes for growth on single-carbon compounds,
M. album
BG8 carries a range of gene inventories for additional carbon and nitrogen transformations but no genes for growth on multicarbon substrates or for N fixation.
Understanding Phenotypic Variation in Rodent Models with Germline Apc Mutations
Authors: Zeineldin Maged , Neufeld Kristi L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is best known for its crucial role in colorectal cancer suppression. Rodent models with various Apc mutations have enabled experimental validation of different Apc functions in tumors and normal tissues. Since the development of the first mouse model with a germline Apc mutation in the early 1990s, 20 other Apc mouse and rat models have been generated. This article compares and contrasts currently available Apc rodent models with particular emphasis on providing potential explanations for their reported variation in three areas: (i) intestinal polyp multiplicity, (ii) intestinal polyp distribution, and (iii) extraintestinal phenotypes. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2389–99. ©2013 AACR.
Hrk Mediates 2-Methoxyestradiol–Induced Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Chang Inik , Majid Shahana , Saini Sharanjot , Zaman Mohd S. , Yamamura Soichiro , Chiyomaru Takeshi , Shahryari Varahram , Fukuhara Shinichiro , Deng Guoren , Dahiya Rajvir , Tanaka Yuichiro 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in males and ranks as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an endogenous estrogen metabolite, is a promising anticancer agent for various types of cancers. Although 2-ME has been shown to activate c-Jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic signaling pathways, the underlying mechanisms, including downstream effectors, remain unclear. Here, we report that the human Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3)-only protein harakiri (Hrk) is a critical effector of 2-ME–induced JNK/mitochondria–dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Hrk mRNA and protein are preferentially upregulated by 2-ME, and Hrk induction is dependent on the JNK activation of c-Jun. Hrk knockdown prevents 2-ME–mediated apoptosis by attenuating the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, subsequent cytochrome c (cyt c) release, and caspase activation. Involvement of the proapoptotic protein Bak in this process suggested the possible interaction between Hrk and Bak. Thus, Hrk activation by 2-ME or its overexpression displaced Bak from the complex with antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL, whereas deletion of the Hrk BH3 domain abolished its interaction with Bcl-xL, reducing the proapoptotic function of Hrk. Finally, Hrk is also involved in the 2-ME–mediated reduction of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis through Bak activation in prostate cancer cells. Together, our findings suggest that induction of the BH3-only protein Hrk is a critical step in 2-ME activation of the JNK-induced apoptotic pathway, targeting mitochondria by liberating proapoptotic protein Bak. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 1049–59. ©2013 AACR.
Genetic Stabilization of Transthyretin, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Life Expectancy
Authors: Hornstrup Louise S. , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne 
Published: April 2013

Objective—
Transthyretin can cause amyloidosis attributable to destabilization of transthyretin tetramers in plasma. We tested the hypothesis that genetic stabilization of transthyretin associates with reduced risk of vascular disease and increased life expectancy.

Approach and Results—

We included 68 602 participants from 2 prospective studies of the general population. We genotyped for 2 stabilizing genetic variants in the transthyretin gene (
TTR
), R104H and T119M, and determined the association of genotypes with plasma levels of transthyretin, measures of thyroid function, risk of vascular disease, and life expectancy. During a mean follow-up of 32 years, 10 636 participants developed vascular disease. We identified 321 heterozygotes for T119M (frequency, 0.47%); R104H was not detected. First, mean plasma transthyretin and thyroxine levels were increased by 17% (26 µg/mL) and 20% (19 nmol/L), respectively, in heterozygotes versus noncarriers (
P
=0.007 and
P
<0.0001), demonstrating functionality of this variant in the general population. Second, corresponding hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.97) for all vascular diseases, 0.85 (0.59–1.23) for cardiovascular disease, 0.45 (0.25–0.81) for cerebrovascular disease, 0.47 (0.25–0.88) for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and 0.31 (0.04–2.22) for hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative incidence of cerebrovascular disease as a function of age was decreased in heterozygotes versus noncarriers (
P
=0.005). Third, median age at death from all causes, from vascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and after diagnosis of vascular disease, and median age at diagnosis of vascular disease, was increased by 5 to 10 years in heterozygotes versus noncarriers (
P
=0.002–0.05).

Conclusions—
These results are compatible with an association between genetic stabilization of transthyretin and decreased risk of cerebrovascular disease, and with increased life expectancy in the general population.
INTEROCC case–control study: lack of association between glioma tumors and occupational exposure to selected combustion products, dusts and other chemical agents
Authors: Lacourt Aude , Cardis Elisabeth , Pintos Javier , Richardson Lesley , Kincl Laurel , Benke Geza , Fleming Sarah , Hours Martine , Krewski Daniel , McLean Dave , Parent Marie-Elise , Sadetzki Siegal , Schlaefer Klaus , Schlehofer Brigitte , Lavoue Jerome , van Tongeren Martie , Siemiatycki Jack 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim was to investigate possible associations between glioma (an aggressive type of brain cancer) and occupational exposure to selected agents: combustion products (diesel and gasoline exhaust emissions, benzo(a)pyrene), dusts (animal dust, asbestos, crystalline silica, wood dust) and some other chemical agents (formaldehyde, oil mist, sulphur dioxide).

Methods
The INTEROCC study included cases diagnosed with glioma during 2000–2004 in sub-regions of seven countries. Population controls, selected from various sampling frames in different centers, were frequency or individually matched to cases by sex, age and center. Face-to-face interviews with the subject or a proxy respondent were conducted by trained interviewers. Detailed information was collected on socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics, medical history and work history. Occupational exposure to the 10 selected agents was assessed by a job exposure matrix (JEM) which provides estimates of the probability and level of exposure for different occupations. Using a 25% probability of exposure in a given occupation in the JEM as the threshold for considering a worker exposed, the lifetime prevalence of exposure varied from about 1% to about 15% for the different agents. Associations between glioma and each of the 10 agents were estimated by conditional logistic regression, and using three separate exposure indices: i) ever vs. never; ii) lifetime cumulative exposure; iii) total duration of exposure.

Results
The study sample consisted of 1,800 glioma cases and 5,160 controls. Most odds ratio estimates were close to the null value. None of the ten agents displayed a significantly increased odds ratio nor any indication of dose–response relationships with cumulative exposure or with duration of exposure.

Conclusion
Thus, there was no evidence that these exposures influence risk of glioma.
Medicinal plants, traditional medicine, markets and management in far-west Nepal
Authors: Kunwar Ripu M , Mahat Laxmi , Acharya Ram P , Bussmann Rainer W 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundModern therapeutic medicine is historically based on indigenous therapies and ethnopharmacological uses, which have become recognized tools in the search for new sources of pharmaceuticals. Globalization of herbal medicine along with uncontrolled exploitative practices and lack of concerted conservation efforts, have pushed many of Nepal's medicinal plants to the verge of extinction. Sustainable utilization and management of medicinal plants, based on traditional knowledge, is therefore necessary.MethodsAfter establishing verbal informed consent with participating communities, five field surveys, roughly 20 days in duration, were carried out. In all, 176 schedules were surveyed, and 52 participants were consulted through focus group discussions and informal meetings. Altogether, 24 key informants were surveyed to verify and validate the data. A total of 252 individuals, representing non-timber forest product (NTFP) collectors, cultivators, traders, traditional healers (Baidhya), community members, etc. participated in study. Medicinal plants were free-listed and their vernacular names and folk uses were collected, recorded, and applied to assess agreement among respondents about traditional medicines, markets and management.ResultsWithin the study area, medicinal herbs were the main ingredients of traditional therapies, and they were considered a main lifeline and frequently were the first choice. About 55% plants were ethnomedicinal, and about 37% of ethnomedicinal plants possessed the highest informant consensus value (0.86–1.00). Use ofCordyceps sinensisas an aphrodisiac,Berberis asiaticafor eye problems,Bergenia ciliatafor disintegration of calculi,Sapindus mukorossifor dandruff, andZanthoxylum armatumfor toothache were the most frequently mentioned. These species possess potential for pharmacology.ConclusionMedicinal plants are inseparable from local livelihoods because they have long been collected, consumed, and managed through local customs and knowledge. Management of traditional therapies is urged, because the therapies are empirically and knowledge based, often culturally inherited and important to pharmacology and local livelihoods. However, traditional therapies are currently being eroded due to changing lifestyles, perceptions, social transformations, and acculturation.
The serum levels of the cytokines involved in the Th17 and Th1 cell commitment are increased in individuals with borderline thrombocytopenia
Authors: Rocha Andreia Maria Camargos , Souza Cláudia , Rocha Gifone Aguiar , de Melo Fabrício Freire , Clementino Nelma Cristina Diogo , Marino Marília Campos Abreu , Queiroz Dulciene Maria Magalhães 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The definition of immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) as a peripheral blood platelet count less than 100 × 109/L instead of the historical criteria of 150 × 109/L renders subjects with platelets between 100 and 150 × 109/L without a diagnosis. Here, we demonstrated that these subjects have enhanced levels of proinflammatory cytokines linked to Th1 and Th17 cell response, and are more frequently carriers of polymorphisms in genes that code cytokines involved in the commitment of Th1 and Th17 immune response, when compared with controls, similarly to that observed in patients with ITP.
Genome-wide distribution of histone H4 Lysine 16 acetylation sites and their relationship to gene expression
Authors: Horikoshi Nobuo , Kumar Pankaj , Sharma Girdhar G , Chen Min , Hunt Clayton R , Westover Kenneth , Chowdhury Shantanu , Pandita Tej K 
Published: April 2013

Background
Histone post-translational modifications are critical determinants of chromatin structure and function, impacting multiple biological processes including DNA transcription, replication, and repair. The post-translational acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 16 (H4K16ac) was initially identified in association with dosage compensation of the Drosophila male X chromosome. However, in mammalian cells, H4K16ac is not associated with dosage compensation and the genomic distribution of H4K16ac is not precisely known. Therefore, we have mapped the genome-wide H4K16ac distribution in human cells.

Results
We performed H4K16ac chromatin immunoprecipitation from human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells followed by hybridization to whole-genome tiling arrays and identified 25,893 DNA regions (false discovery rate <0.005) with average length of 692 nucleotides. Interestingly, although a majority of H4K16ac sites localized within genes, only a relatively small fraction (~10%) was found near promoters, in contrast to the distribution of the acetyltransferase, MOF, responsible for acetylation at K16 of H4. Using differential gene expression profiling data, 73 genes (> ±1.5-fold) were identified as potential H4K16ac-regulated genes. Seventeen transcription factor-binding sites were significantly associated with H4K16ac occupancy (p < 0.0005). In addition, a consensus 12-nucleotide guanine-rich sequence motif was identified in more than 55% of the H4K16ac peaks.

Conclusions
The results suggest that H4K16 acetylation has a limited effect on transcription regulation in HEK293 cells, whereas H4K16ac has been demonstrated to have critical roles in regulating transcription in mouse embryonic stem cells. Thus, H4K16ac-dependent transcription regulation is likely a cell type specific process.