bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of PiB‐Derivative Metal Complexes with Beta‐Amyloid Peptides: Selective Recognition of the Aggregated Forms
Authors: Martins André F. , Dias David M. , Morfin Jean‐François , Lacerda Sara , Laurents Douglas V. , Tóth Éva , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMetal complexes are increasingly explored as imaging probes in amyloid peptide related pathologies. We report the first detailed study on the mechanism of interaction between a metal complex and both the monomer and the aggregated form of Aβ1–40 peptide. We have studied lanthanide(III) chelates of two PiB‐derivative ligands (PiB=Pittsburgh compound B), L1 and L2, differing in the length of the spacer between the metal‐complexing DO3A macrocycle (DO3A= 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid) and the peptide‐recognition PiB moiety. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy revealed that they both bind to aggregated Aβ1–40 (KD=67–160 μM), primarily through the benzothiazole unit. HSQC NMR spectroscopy on the 15N‐labeled, monomer Aβ1–40 peptide indicates nonsignificant interaction with monomeric Aβ. Time‐dependent circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and TEM investigations of the secondary structure and of the aggregation of Aβ1–40 in the presence of increasing amounts of the metal complexes provide coherent data showing that, despite their structural similarity, the two complexes affect Aβ fibril formation distinctly. Whereas GdL1, at higher concentrations, stabilizes β‐sheets, GdL2 prevents aggregation by promoting α‐helical structures. These results give insight into the behavior of amyloid‐targeted metal complexes in general and contribute to a more rational design of metal‐based diagnostic and therapeutic agents for amyloid‐ associated pathologies.
Titanium‐Catalyzed Reductive Umpolung Reactions with a Metal‐Free Terminal Reducing Agent
Authors: Frey Georg , Hausmann J. Niklas , Streuff Jan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new method for titanium‐catalyzed reductive umpolung reactions is reported that overcomes the traditional requirement for a stoichiometric metallic reductant. With N,N′‐disilylated tetramethyldihydropyrazine as a potent organic reducing agent, reductive carbonyl–nitrile, enone–acrylonitrile and pinacol coupling reactions can be achieved in good yields and stereoselectivities. [Cp2TiI2] is a superior catalyst to [Cp2TiCl2], which is rationalized by a faster generation of the active catalyst [Cp2TiI]. A mechanism is proposed that is in agreement with the experimental results.
Ring Opening of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with the Azide Ion: A Tool for Construction of N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin L. , Villemson Elena V. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V. , Melnikov Mikhail Ya. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ekaterina M. Budynina and Igor V. Trushkov at Lomonosov Moscow State University. The image depicts the diversity of synthetic outcomes that can be achieved by using the ring‐opening of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with the azide ion as a triggering reaction. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201405551.
Zum praktikablen Farbfilm
Authors: Gill Manfred , Mustroph Heinz 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUngeachtet der großen gesellschaftlichen und politischen Umwälzungen, die sich zwischen den zwei Weltkriegen in Deutschland vollzogen, setzte der Film seinen Siegeszug fort und das mit einer rasanten Geschwindigkeit. Die Empfindlichkeit, die Bildauflösung, die Haltbarkeit und die Verarbeitung wurden entscheidend verbessert. Der Tonfilm kam auf den Markt und ermöglichte vor allem der Film‐ und Kinoindustrie ganz andere, vielfältigere Gestaltungs‐ und Darstellungsmöglichkeiten. Dazu kam ständig verbesserte Aufnahme‐ und Wiedergabetechnik, mit der Leica die erste Kleinbildkamera. Mit der Verwendung von Fotomaterial, u.a. in der Röntgentechnik, im Druckgewerbe, aber auch in der militärischen Luftbildaufklärung, wurden völlig neue Einsatzgebiete erschlossen. Fotografieren und Filmen wurden zum “Volkssport”, die Fotoapparate, Kameras und Projektoren zu Kultobjekten. Höhepunkt dieser rasanten Entwicklung, die nur wenige Jahrzehnte umfasste, war in Deutschland am 17. Oktober 1936 die Vorstellung des praktikablen Mehrschichtenfarbfilms aus den Laboren und der Produktion der Agfa Filmfabrik Wolfen.
Distribution and density of contacts from noradrenergic and serotonergic boutons on the dendrites of neck flexor motoneurons in the adult cat
Authors: Maratta Robert , Fenrich Keith K. , Zhao Ethan , Neuber‐Hess Monica S. , Rose P. Ken 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTSerotonergic (5‐HT) and noradrenergic (NA) input to spinal motoneurons is essential for generating plateau potentials and self‐sustained discharges. Extensor motoneurons are densely innervated by 5‐HT and NA synapses and have robust plateau potentials and self‐sustained discharges. Conversely, plateau potentials and self‐sustained discharges are very rare in flexor motoneurons. The most likely reasons for this difference are that flexor motoneurons have few 5‐HT and NA synapses and/or they are distributed distant to the channels responsible for plateau potentials and self‐sustained discharges. However, the distribution of 5‐HT and NA synapses on flexor motoneurons is unknown. Here we describe the distribution and density of 5‐HT and NA synapses on motoneurons that innervate the flexor neck muscle, rectus capitis anterior (RCA), in the adult cat. Using a combination of intracellular staining, fluorescent immunohistochemistry, and 3D reconstruction techniques, we found that 5‐HT and NA synapses are widely distributed throughout the dendritic trees of RCA motoneurons, albeit with a strong bias to small‐diameter dendrites and to medial dendrites in the case of NA contacts. The number of 5‐HT and NA contacts per motoneuron ranged, respectively, from 381 to 1,430 and from 642 to 1,382, which is 2.3‐ and 1.4‐fold less than neck extensor motoneurons (Montague et al., J Comp Neurol 2013;521:638–656). These results suggest that 5‐HT and NA synapses on flexor motoneurons may provide a powerful means of amplifying synaptic currents without incurring plateau potentials or self‐sustained discharges. This feature is well suited to meet the biomechanical demands imposed on flexor muscles during different motor tasks. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1701–1716, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation of amino acids in an avian marine predator, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua)
Authors: McMahon Kelton W. , Polito Michael J. , Abel Stephanie , McCarthy Matthew D. , Thorrold Simon R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCompound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of amino acids (AA) has rapidly become a powerful tool in studies of food web architecture, resource use, and biogeochemical cycling. However, applications to avian ecology have been limited because no controlled studies have examined the patterns in AA isotope fractionation in birds. We conducted a controlled CSIA feeding experiment on an avian species, the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), to examine patterns in individual AA carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation between diet (D) and consumer (C) (Δ13CC‐D and Δ15NC‐D, respectively). We found that essential AA δ13C values and source AA δ15N values in feathers showed minimal trophic fractionation between diet and consumer, providing independent but complimentary archival proxies for primary producers and nitrogen sources respectively, at the base of food webs supporting penguins. Variations in nonessential AA Δ13CC‐D values reflected differences in macromolecule sources used for biosynthesis (e.g., protein vs. lipids) and provided a metric to assess resource utilization. The avian‐specific nitrogen trophic discrimination factor (TDFGlu‐Phe = 3.5 ± 0.4‰) that we calculated from the difference in trophic fractionation (Δ15NC‐D) of glutamic acid and phenylalanine was significantly lower than the conventional literature value of 7.6‰. Trophic positions of five species of wild penguins calculated using a multi‐TDFGlu‐Phe equation with the avian‐specific TDFGlu‐Phe value from our experiment provided estimates that were more ecologically realistic than estimates using a single TDFGlu‐Phe of 7.6‰ from the previous literature. Our results provide a quantitative, mechanistic framework for the use of CSIA in nonlethal, archival feathers to study the movement and foraging ecology of avian consumers.
On the Mechanism of Phenolic Formylation Mediated by TiCl4 Complexes: Existence of Diradical Intermediates Induced by Valence Tautomerism
Authors: Heras Carlos , Ramos‐Tomillero Iván , Caballero Marc , Paradís‐Bas Marta , Nicolás Ernesto , Albericio Fernando , de P. R. Moreira Ibério , Bofill Josep Maria 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe conventional electrophilic intramolecular aromatic substitution pathway proposed by Cresp et al. [J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1973, 340–345] is confirmed by the observed products of phenolic formylation mediated by TiCl4. However, when the nucleophilic path is quenched by appropriate ligand modification, the initial equilibria between the possible neutral complexes of TiCl4 with 3,5‐dimethoxyphenol and/or diethyl ether lead to different stable diradical intermediates induced by valence tautomerism that provide valuable activated reagents. Some of these species have been detected by EPR, characterized theoretically and captured by TEMPO, thus providing a consistent mechanism for the reaction with one or more equivalents of TEMPO per phenol.
Cutaneous immunopathology of long‐standing complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Osborne S. , Farrell J. , Dearman R.J. , MacIver K. , Naisbitt D.J. , Moots R.J. , Edwards S.W. , Goebel A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundBoth increased mast cells numbers and raised immune mediator concentrations indicate immune activation in the affected skin of patients with early complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), but little is known about regional immune cell involvement in late‐stage CRPS. The aim of the current study was to determine skin immune cell populations in long‐standing CRPS.MethodsUsing 6‐mm skin punch biopsies from CRPS‐affected and non‐affected tissues, and a combination of chemical and immunofluorescence staining, we examined the density and function of key cell populations including mast cells, epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and tissue resident T‐cells.ResultsWe found no significant differences in either overall immune cell infiltrates, or mast cell density between CRPS‐affected and non‐affected sub‐epidermal tissue sections, contrasting recent findings in early CRPS by other groups. However, CD1a+ LC densities in the epidermal layer were significantly decreased in affected compared to non‐affected CRPS limbs (p < 0.01). T‐cell clones isolated from CRPS‐affected sub‐epidermal tissues displayed a trend towards increased IL‐13 production in ELISPOT assays when compared to T‐cells isolated from non‐affected areas, suggesting a Th2 bias.ConclusionsImmune cell abnormalities are maintained in late‐stage CRPS disease as manifest by changes in epidermal LC density and tissue resident T‐cell phenotype.
Volume changes and brain‐behavior relationships in white matter and subcortical gray matter in children with prenatal alcohol exposure
Authors: Gautam Prapti , Lebel Catherine , Narr Katherine L. , Mattson Sarah N. , May Philip A. , Adnams Colleen M. , Riley Edward P. , Jones Kenneth L. , Kan Eric C. , Sowell Elizabeth R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChildren with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may have cognitive, behavioral and brain abnormalities. Here, we compare rates of white matter and subcortical gray matter volume change in PAE and control children, and examine relationships between annual volume change and arithmetic ability, behavior, and executive function. Participants (n = 75 PAE/64 control; age: 7.1–15.9 years) each received two structural magnetic resonance scans, ∼2 years apart. Assessments included Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC‐IV), the Child Behavior Checklist and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Subcortical white and gray volumes were extracted for each hemisphere. Group volume differences were tested using false discovery rate (q < 0.05). Analyses examined group‐by‐age interactions and group‐score interactions for correlations between change in volume and raw behavioral scores. Results showed that subjects with PAE had smaller volumes than control subjects across the brain. Significant group‐score interactions were found in temporal and parietal regions for WISC arithmetic scores and in frontal and parietal regions for behavioral measures. Poorer cognitive/ behavioral outcomes were associated with larger volume increases in PAE, while control subjects generally showed no significant correlations. In contrast with previous results demonstrating different trajectories of cortical volume change in PAE, our results show similar rates of subcortical volume growth in subjects with PAE and control subjects. We also demonstrate abnormal brain‐behavior relationships in subjects with PAE, suggesting different use of brain resources. Our results are encouraging in that, due to the stable volume differences, there may be an extended window of opportunity for intervention in children with PAE. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2318–2329, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can managers empower nurse‐midwives to improve maternal health care? A comparison of two resource‐poor hospitals in Tanzania
Authors: Tibandebage Paula , Kida Tausi , Mackintosh Maureen , Ikingura Joyce 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMaternal mortality is very high in Tanzania. Competent hospital care is key to improving maternal outcomes, but there is a crisis of availability and performance of health workers in maternal care. This article uses interviews with managers, nurse‐midwives, and women who had given birth in two hospitals providing virtually all the emergency maternal care in one Tanzania city. It contrasts women's experience in the two hospitals, and analyses interconnections with nurse‐midwives' and managers' experiences of working conditions. The conceptual literature on nurse empowerment identifies some key explanatory variables for these contrasts. Staff experienced less frustration and constraint in one of the hospitals; had more access to structurally empowering resources; and experienced greater congruence between job commitment and working culture, resulting in better work engagement. Conversely, nurse‐midwives in the other hospital were constrained by supply shortages and recurrent lack of support. Contrasting management styles and their impacts demonstrate that even in severely resource‐constrained environments, there is room for management to empower staff to improve maternal care. Empowering management practices include participatory management, supportive supervision, better incentives, and clear leadership concerning ward culture. Structural constraints beyond the capacity of health facility managers must however also be addressed. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Health Planning and Management published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emitter Uniformity and Application Efficiency for Centre‐ Pivot Irrigation Systems
Authors: Rajan Nithya , Maas Stephan , Kellison Rick , Dollar Monty , Cui Song , Sharma Sumit , Attia Ahmed 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA significant portion of the intensively cultivated agricultural areas in the Southern Great Plains of the USA is located in the Texas High Plains. Agriculture in this region mainly depends on water from the vast underground Ogallala Aquifer. Due to excess withdrawal and a slow recharge process, groundwater levels are declining in many areas of the aquifer. Recently, regulations have been enacted in the Texas High Plains for restricting the amount of water pumped from the Ogallala Aquifer. In addition to pumping restrictions, conserving water by promoting irrigation systems with high application efficiency is also a priority. We investigated the emitted uniformity and application efficiency of 14 centre‐pivot irrigation systems in the Texas High Plains. Application efficiencies were in the range of 60–70% for mid‐elevation spray application (MESA) systems, 70–80% for low‐elevation spray application (LESA) systems, and greater than 90% for low‐energy precision application (LEPA) systems. Correction of the small number of defective emitters per system would not realize significant water savings. However, water savings could be realized by switching from MESA or LESA to LEPA, assuming the choice of crop allowed it. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mucosal contact points and paranasal sinus pneumatization: Does radiology predict headache causality?
Authors: Herzallah Islam R. , Hamed Maged A. , Salem Salem M. , Suurna Maria V. 
Published: February 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of mucosal contact points (MCP), concha bullosa (CB), and variable paranasal sinus (PNS) volumes among patients sent for rhinogenic headache workup as compared with controls.Study DesignRetrospective study with case and control groups.MethodsFifty‐three adults with clear PNS computed tomography (CT) scans were included: 28 patients who have originally undergone PNS CT scan as part of sinus (rhinogenic) headache workup, and 25 controls in whom PNS CT scans were obtained for other purposes. All subjects were asked to report their symptoms using a headache scoring system. CT scans of all subjects were analyzed for presence of MCP, CB, as well as for volumes of maxillary, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses.ResultsMCP was found in 40% of controls, and in 50%, 50%, and 40% of mild, moderate, and severe headache groups, respectively. CB was found in 24% of controls, and in 33.3%, 58.3%, and 20%, of mild, moderate, and severe headache groups, respectively. Total volume of the measured PNS ranged from 23.9 to 81.4 cm3 (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 48.3 ± 15.8) in the control group and from 5.31 to 87.4 cm3 (mean ± SD, 43.6 ± 16) in the patient group. No statistically significant difference was found between groups regarding all studied variables.ConclusionsRadiological identification of MCP, CB, or hyperpneumatized sinuses does not seem to be a predictor of headache causality. Further studies are required to identify clinical scenarios in which these variations may contribute to pain symptoms.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 125:2021–2026, 2015
Germline deletions in the tumour suppressor gene FOCAD are associated with polyposis and colorectal cancer development
Authors: Weren Robbert DA , Venkatachalam Ramprasath , Cazier Jean‐Baptiste , Farin Henner F , Kets C Marleen , de Voer Richarda M , Vreede Lilian , Verwiel Eugène TP , van Asseldonk Monique , Kamping Eveline J , Kiemeney Lambertus A , Neveling Kornelia , Aben Katja KH , Carvajal‐Carmona Luis , Nagtegaal Iris D , Schackert Hans K , Clevers Hans , van de Wetering Marc , Tomlinson Ian P , Ligtenberg Marjolijn JL , Hoogerbrugge Nicoline , Geurts van Kessel Ad , Kuiper Roland P 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHeritable genetic variants can significantly affect the lifetime risk of developing cancer, including polyposis and colorectal cancer (CRC). Variants in genes currently known to be associated with a high risk for polyposis or CRC, however, explain only a limited number of hereditary cases. The identification of additional genetic causes is, therefore, crucial to improve CRC prevention, detection and treatment. We have performed genome‐wide and targeted DNA copy number profiling and resequencing in early‐onset and familial polyposis/CRC patients, and show that deletions affecting the open reading frame of the tumour suppressor gene FOCAD are recurrent and significantly enriched in CRC patients compared with unaffected controls. All patients carrying FOCAD deletions exhibited a personal or family history of polyposis. RNA in situ hybridization revealed FOCAD expression in epithelial cells in the colonic crypt, the site of tumour initiation, as well as in colonic tumours and organoids. Our data suggest that monoallelic germline deletions in the tumour suppressor gene FOCAD underlie moderate genetic predisposition to the development of polyposis and CRC. © 2015 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Emotional processing in a ten‐session general psychiatric treatment for borderline personality disorder: a case study
Authors: Berthoud Laurent , Kramer Ueli , Caspar Franz , Pascual‐Leone Antonio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study examines the effects of a borderline‐specific treatment, called general psychiatric management, on emotional change, outcome and therapeutic alliance of an outpatient presenting with borderline personality disorder. Based on the sequential model of emotional processing, emotional states were assessed in a 10‐session setting. The case showed an increase in expressions of distress and no change in therapeutic alliance and tended towards general deterioration. Results suggest emotional processing may play a lesser role in general psychiatric management in early phase treatment than previously hypothezised. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ab initio study of the low‐pressure phases of TiO
Authors: Olguí n D. , Vallejo E. , Rubio‐Ponce A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA careful and detailed ab initio study of the structural properties and electronic band structures of some interesting crystal phases of TiO is presented in this work. Experimentally, at 460 K, TiO adopts the monoclinic phase, with space group C2/m, and exhibits semiconducting properties. After heating to approximately 514 K, this compound adopts the orthorhombic phase, space group Cmcm, and exhibits metallic behavior. To determine the ground state of TiO, density functional theory (DFT) with the local spin density approximation (LSDA) approach is used. The LSDA method is to take into account the highly correlated characteristics of the TiO system. The total energy as a function of volume is calculated for the and Cmcm crystal phases of TiO. Additionally, the structural parameters, , and , and the transition phase induced by applying hydrostatic pressure to this compound are studied using the Birch–Murnaghan equation of state and the calculated Gibbs free energy of the system. It was determined that the phase is the most stable phase at ambient pressure and that it is not possible to predict a transition phase induced by hydrostatic pressure.
Multi‐angle spectroscopic extreme ultraviolet reflectometry for analysis of thin films and interfaces
Authors: Danylyuk Serhiy , Herbert Stefan , Loosen Peter , Lebert Rainer , Schäfer Anna , Schubert Jürgen , Tryus Maksym , Juschkin Larissa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractModern nanotechnology is constantly raising demands to quality and purity of thin films and interlayer interfaces. As thicknesses of employed layers decrease to single nanometers, traditional characterization tools are no longer able to satisfy throughput, precision or non‐destructibility requirements. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X‐ray reflectometry has not only demonstrated the ability to detect sub‐nm thickness variations but also was shown to be very sensitive to chemical composition changes. Since the laboratory radiation sources in this wavelength range often emit in a relatively broad spectral range, a spectroscopic EUV reflectometry has been developed with the added benefit of a rapid measuring time on the order of milliseconds to seconds. In this paper, the extension of the method to multi‐angle measurements will be presented. It allows to reduce a number of fit parameters in the analysis model, making the method suitable for complex samples of unknown composition. First experimental examples for Si‐based layer systems measured under grazing incidence angles between 2° and 15° will be demonstrated and discussed. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)