bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More complexity does not always mean more accuracy: the case of IBMWP and METI in NW Spain
Authors: Couto‐Mendoza M. T. , Vieira‐Lanero R. , Cobo F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSince the Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation, new biological indices based on macroinvertebrates have been developed, mainly focusing on multimetric approaches. This work checks the relationship among several biotic indices [Iberian Biological Monitoring Working Party (IBMWP), Indice Biotico Esteso, Indice Biologique Global Normalisé] and one multimetric index (METI) proposed for NW Spain rivers, and their behaviour using different physicochemical parameters throughout the different typologies defined for NW Spain rivers according to the WFD. It is also tested whether the reference sites and conditions established are representative enough of each typology comparing the IBMWP and METI in reference and non‐reference sampling sites. As a whole, the METI showed the lowest correlations with the rest of the indices, whereas the IBMWP showed the highest and all indices displayed negative correlations with those variables, which caused pollution in all typologies. Furthermore, it has been found sites with an index value higher than that of the reference sites and therefore in a better status than the selected reference sites, revealing several shortcomings in the selection of the reference sites in NW Spain and proving that a good selection of the reference sites is extremely important to produce successful results. Finally, the IBMWP has proved to be a useful tool to assess freshwater ecosystems in NW Spain showing how a simple index can be satisfactorily used to monitor ‘Ecological status’. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures and Magnetic Properties of Manganese(II) Compounds Based on Chains with Simultaneous Carboxylate and Pseudohalide Bridges
Authors: Zhuang Guang‐Mei , Li Xiu‐Bing , Wen Yan‐Qing , Tian Chun‐Yan , Gao En‐Qing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVarious zwitterionic carboxylate ligands form MnII coordination polymers with carboxylate and pseudo‐halide bridges mixed in different ways. With mono‐zwitterions, [Mn(N3)2(L1)(H2O)]n and [Mn(N3)2(L2)]n contains 1D chains with (μ‐1,1‐N3)(μ‐1,3‐OCO) and (μ‐1,1‐N3)2(μ‐1,3‐OCO) bridges, respectively. With di‐zwitterions, [Mn(N3)(L3)]n(ClO4)n forms a 2D network based on chains with (μ‐1,1‐N3)(μ‐1,3‐OCO)2 bridges, whereas [Mn2(X)4(L4)]n·2nH2O (X = N3 or NCO) are interpenetrating 3D networks based on chains with (μ‐1,1‐X)2(μ‐1,3‐OCO) bridges. With a tri‐zwitterion, [Mn7(N3)14(OH)2(L5)(H2O)6]n·4nH2O is a 2D network based on a novel chain in which μ‐1,1‐N3‐ and μ‐1,3‐OCO‐bridged trinuclear motifs and μ3‐OH‐ and μ‐1,1‐N3‐bridged tetranuclear motifs are linked by μ‐1,3‐N3 and μ3‐1,1,3‐N3. All compounds exhibit antiferromagnetic interactions, the magnitude of which depends upon the nature and mixing mode of the bridges, and follow the trend (μ‐N3)(μ‐OCO) < (μ‐N3)(μ‐OCO)2 < (μ‐N3)2(μ‐OCO) < (μ‐NCO)2(μ‐OCO).
Alternative Synthetic Methods for PEPPSI‐Type Palladium Complexes
Authors: Green Kerry‐Ann , Maragh Paul T. , Abdur‐Rashid Kamaluddin , Lough Alan J. , Dasgupta Tara P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlternative procedures are reported for the preparation of PEPPSI‐type palladium complexes (PEPPSI = pyridine‐enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation) in good to excellent yields. One method involves the reaction of [(NHC)Pd(acac)Cl] complexes (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene, acac = acetylacetonate) with hydrohalides (HX; X = Cl, Br, I) of pyridine or 2,6‐lutidine. Two other one‐pot syntheses involve Pd(acac)2, the azolium salt and pyridine hydrohalide (or 2,6‐lutidine hydrohalide). The complexes were obtained as moisture‐ and air‐stable solids and were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, CHN analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The various synthetic procedures and the yields of the desired products are discussed. The X‐ray structure of [1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene]Pd(acac)Cl (4c) is also reported.
Oxidation kinetics and melting profiles of the structured lipids used in infant cookies
Authors: Wirkowska‐Wojdyła Magdalena , Bryś Joanna , Górska Agata , Ostrowska‐Ligęza Ewa 
Published: June 2014

In this study, fats extracted from cookies for infant and structured lipids of milkfat (MF), rapeseed oil (RSO), and concentrate of fish (ROPUFA) oil used to bake these cookies were oxidized. The experiments were done at five different heating rates with the use of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The onset oxidation temperature (Ton, °C) was determined as the intersection of the extrapolated baseline and the tangent line (leading edge) of the recorded exotherm. The kinetic parameters of the oxidation process (activation energy, pre‐exponential factor, and reaction rate constants) were calculated using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method and the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy for analyzed lipids ranged from 91.97 to 199.71 kJ/mol and the pre‐exponential factors ranged from 1.82 × 1011 to 4.11 × 1022 min−1. Fat extracted from cookies was characterized by a better oxidative parameters than fat used to bake them. In the experiment, the melting characteristic of structured lipids in comparison to the starting mixture was also done. The melting curves were recorded by DSC. The results indicate that structured lipids are complex mixtures of various TAGs with wide‐ranging melting points.Practical applications: The kinetic parameters obtained in this paper are thermodynamically and kinetically consistent and can help to predict oxidative stability of interesterified fats‐based products. The use of DSC method seems to be suitable for predicting the shelf life of the cookies intended for infants and children. It also saves a lot of time, which is very precious in quality control.Lipase‐catalyzed interesterification of milk fat, rapeseed oil, and concentrate of fish oil at weight ratio 4:5:1 was performed for producing structured lipids intended as fat to bake cookies for infant and young children. The melting characteristics of TAGs fractions for starting mixture and structured lipids was done using DSC. The mixture of MF, RSO, and ROPUFA before interesterification exhibited a four peaks. Interesterification produced noteworthy changes in the melting profile, whereas blending alone resulted in a dilution effect. All exhibited a wide melting range, with four distinct peaks. The kinetic parameters of the oxidation process (activation energy, pre‐exponential factor, and reaction rate constants) were calculated using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method and the Arrhenius equation. Fat extracted from cookies was characterized by a better oxidative parameters than fat used to bake them.
Kinetic Data on the Synergetic Role of Amines and Water in the Reduction of Phosphine‐Ligated Palladium(II) to Palladium(0)
Authors: Amatore Christian , El Kaïm Laurent , Grimaud Laurence , Jutand Anny , Meignié Alice , Romanov Georgy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTertiary amines such as EtN(iPr)2 do not reduce [PdCl2(PPh3)2] into a Pd0 complex. The latter is formed only after the addition of water (generation of HO–), as was reported by Grushin and Alper for NEt3. The mechanism of the PdII/Pd0 reduction performed in the presence of an excess amount of PPh3 is established quantitatively by means of electrochemical techniques that provide kinetic data (determination of the equilibrium and rate constants) for the disappearance of [PdCl2(PPh3)2] and the formation of [Pd0(PPh3)3]. [PdCl(OH)(PPh3)2] is formed, which allows reductive elimination between OH and the ligated PPh3 (zero‐order reaction for PPh3), and this leads to a Pd0 complex. The reducing agent is ligated PPh3, which ultimately yields (O)PPh3. The rate of the overall reduction process is controlled by the amount of water that imposes the concentration of HO–.
Evaluation of Different Color‐Difference Formulae by Means of an Experiment on Color Scaling—Preliminary Report
Authors: Lozano Roberto D. 
Published: June 2014

Ten color‐difference formulae were evaluated by means of a psychophysical experiment on perception scales of color attributes. Mattiello and Guirao1,2 have worked on scaling of surface colors. The present work uses the data obtained by them to check the behavior of different color‐difference formulae.The color differences between samples used in these experiments are large in comparison with the just‐perceptible or threshold criterion which has been considered as the most important from the industrial point of view. Nevertheless, the preliminary information collected shows that results obtained by other authors for small color differences are confirmed for the present type of color differences.The present work has two parts: the first deals with lightness variations of color samples, with hue and saturation approximately constant. The second part analyzes result for samples in which saturation was varied, maintaining the other two variables almost constant.For the first part, the Reilly Cube Root formula has the highest correlation coefficient, followed by the CIE L*a*b*, ANLAB, and FMC‐2 formulae, in decreasing order.For the second part, the Judd—Hunter (NBS) formula has the highest correlation coefficient, followed by the Hunter—Scofield, Reilly Cube Root, and CIE L*a*b* formulae.For these results, and taking into account the limitations of color‐difference size mentioned, the recommendations proposed by the CIE TC‐1.3 Committee seem to be the best presently available.It is also possible to deduce, in view of the evidence shown for small color differences in different field trials of various formula and the present work, that the observers' behavior when seeing small or large differences in color of opaque materials seems to be similar or equivalent.
Effects of electromagnetic field exposure on gene transcription
Authors: Phillips Jerry L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExposure of whole animals, isolated tissues, and cells to electromagnetic fields of various characteristics has resulted in a substantial literature detailing a wide range of effects at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. In recent years, considerable effort has been devoted to defining a mechanism by which electromagnetic fields can couple to biological systems and generate this plethora of effects. As a consequence, there has been a growing interest in electromagnetic field—induced alterations in gene expression. Key studies are discussed which indicate that exposure of several cell types to electromagnetic fields that differ in waveform, amplitude, and frequency induced general changes in gene transcription. Moreover, exposure of T‐lymphoblastoid cells to a 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field altered the transcription of genes encoding c‐fos, c‐jun, c‐myc, and protein kinase C. Future studies in this area should focus on independent replication of key studies and identification of which events in the signal transduction pathways leading to gene transcription are altered by electromagnetic field exposure.
Beneficial effects of electromagnetic fields
Authors: Bassett C. Andrew L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSelective control of cell function by applying specifically configured, weak, time‐varying magnetic fields has added a new, exciting dimension to biology and medicine. Field parameters for therapeutic, pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMFs) were designed to induce voltages similar to those produced, normally, during dynamic mechanical deformation of connective tissues. As a result, a wide variety of challenging musculoskeletal disorders have been treated successfully over the past two decades. More than a quarter million patients with chronically ununited fractures have benefitted, worldwide, from this surgically non‐invasive method, without risk, discomfort, or the high costs of operative repair. Many of the athermal bioresponses, at the cellular and subcellular levels, have been identified and found appropriate to correct or modify the pathologic processes for which PEMFs have been used. Not only is efficacy supported by these basic studies but by a number of double‐blind trials. As understanding of mechanisms expands, specific requirements for field energetics are being defined and the range of treatable ills broadened. These include nerve regeneration, wound healing, graft behavior, diabetes, and myocardial and cerebral ischemia (heart attack and stroke), among other conditions. Preliminary data even suggest possible benefits in controlling malignancy.
Environmental magnetic fields: Influences on early embryogenesis
Authors: Cameron Ivan L. , Hardman W. Elaine , Winters Wendell D. , Zimmerman Selma , Zimmerman Arthur M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA 10‐mG, 50 to 60‐Hz magnetic field is in the intensity and frequency range that people worldwide are often exposed to in homes and in the workplace. Studies about the effects of 50‐ to 100‐Hz electromagnetic fields on various species of animal embryos (fish, chick, fly, sea urchin, rat, and mouse) indicate that early stages of embryonic development are responsive to fluctuating magnetic fields. Chick, sea urchin, and mouse embryos are responsive to magnetic field intensities of 10–100 mG. Results from studies on sea urchin embryos indicate that exposure to conditions of rotating 60‐Hz magnetic fields, e.g., similar to those in our environment, interferes with cell proliferation at the morula stage in a manner dependent on field intensity. The cleavage stages, prior to the 64‐cell stage, were not delayed by this rotating 60‐Hz magnetic field suggesting that the ionic surges, DNA replication, and translational events essential for early cleavage stages were not significantly altered. Studies of histone synthesis in early sea urchin embryos indicated that the rotating 60‐Hz magnetic field decreased zygotic expression of “early” histone genes at the morula stage and suggests that this decrease in early histone production was limiting to cell proliferation. Whether these comparative observations from animal development studies will be paralleled by results from studies of human embryogenesis, as suggested by some epidemiology studies, has yet to be established.
The possible involvement of protein phosphatase 1 in thrombin‐induced Ca2+ influx of human platelets
Authors: Murata Kouhei , Sakon Masato , Kambayashi Jun‐Ichi , Yukawa Masao , Yano Yoshiko , Fujitani Kazumasa , Kawasaki Tomio , Shiba Eiichi , Mori Takesada 
Published: June 2014

AbstractProtein phosphatase 1 is considered to be involved in thrombin‐induced platelet activation (Murata et al., Biochem Int 26:327–334, 1992). To clarify the mechanism, we examined the effects of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitors (calyculin A, tautomycin, okadaic acid) on Ca2+ influx. In the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, thrombin‐ (0.1 U/ml) induced platelet aggregation and ATP release were inhibited by calyculin A, while this inhibitory effect was abolished in the absence of Ca2+ (EGTA 1 mM). Furthermore, thrombin‐induced Mn2+ influx but not intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was inhibited by calyculin A in a dose‐related manner. Calyculin A also blocked the ongoing Ca2+ influx when added 3 min after thrombin stimulation. Similar inhibitory effects were observed with okadaic acid and tautomycin in the same potency sequence as the reported one for protein phosphatase 1 (calyculin A > tautomycin > okadaic acid). These results suggest that the anti‐platelet effects of phosphatase inhibitors are due to the inhibition of Ca2+ influx and that protein phosphatase 1 plays a key role in the regulation of receptor operated Ca2+ channel of human platelets.
Derivatives of 4‐amino‐3,6‐disulfonato‐1, 8‐naphthalimide inhibit reverse transcriptase and suppress human and feline immunodeficiency virus expression in cultured cells
Authors: Rideout Darryl , Schinazi Raymond , Pauza C. David , Lovelace Kathleen , Chiang Lin‐Chang , Calogeropoulou Theodora , McCarthy Michael , Elder John H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe have developed a series of 4‐amino‐3,6‐disulfonato‐1,8‐naphthalimide (ADSN) derivatives in an attempt to create nontoxic compounds effective against lentivirus infections. The ADSN derivative Lucifer Yellow CH ([N‐(hydra zinocarbonyl)amino]‐4‐amino‐3,6‐disulfonato‐1,8‐naphthalimide) (LYCH) was chosen as a parent compound because of its low toxicity in vivo and in vitro and its tendency to accumulate in monocyte/macrophages, a major reservoir for lentiviruses in vivo. Several ADSN derivatives inhibited reverse transcriptases (RTs) from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Viral expression in HIV‐infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was inhibited by noncytotoxic concentrations of two ADSN derivatives, designated A4 (biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxaldehyde, Lucifer Yellow CH monohydrazone; EC50 = 29 μM after 6 days) and H4 (biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxaldehyde, Lucifer Yellow CH dihydrazone; EC50 = 5.61 μM). A4 effectively suppressed the expression of FIV in infected Crandall feline kidney fibroblasts (CRFK) at 46.2 μM, reducing the RT levels by 97% after 19 days under conditions allowing direct cell‐to‐cell transmission of the virus. The viability of drug‐treated FIV‐infected CRFK cells increased significantly in the presence of A4 relative to the viability of untreated virus‐infected cells. In contrast to A4 and H4, LYCH (which lacks the appended aromatic rings characteristic of A4 and H4) had no inhibitory effects on either virus and did not inhibit RT ex vivo. However, flow cytometry studies showed that both A4 and LYCH accumulate in two cell types that can support lentiviral infections: U937 human monocytic leukemic cells that have been induced to differentiate by using tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate, and CRFK cells.
Fatty acyl‐CoA binding activity of the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor
Authors: Li Qiulin , Yamamoto Naoki , Morisawa Seiji , Inoue Akira 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLong‐chain fatty acids and their acyl‐CoA esters are potent inhibitors of nuclear thyroid hormone (T3) receptor in vitro. In the present study, we obtained evidence for acyl‐CoA binding activity in the nuclear extract from rat liver. The activity sedimented at a position (3.5 S) identical with that of the T3 receptor, and the two activities sedimented together. Similarly, they coeluted on DEAE‐Sephadex. After partial purification of the receptor, it was again inhibited strongly by acyl‐CoAs. Heat stability and a partial trypsin digestion of the receptor both suggested that the action site of oleoyl‐CoA overlapped the T3‐binding domain of the receptor. In addition, thyroid hormone receptor β1, synthesized in vitro, bound oleoyl‐CoA specifically and its T3‐binding activity was inhibited. The dissociation constant for oleoyl‐CoA binding to the partially purified receptor was 1.2 × 10−7 M. This value as well as its molecular size distinguished the nuclear binding sites from the cytoplasmic fatty acid/acyl‐CoA binding proteins. Oleoyl‐CoA had no effect on the glucocorticoid receptor, another member of the nuclear hormone‐receptor superfamily. From these results, we propose that thyroid hormone receptor is a specific acyl‐CoA binding protein of the cell nucleus.
Differential expression of the chromosomal high mobility group proteins 14 and 17 during the onset of differentiation in mammalian osteoblasts and promyelocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Shakoori Abdul Rauf , Owen Thomas A. , Shalhoub Victoria , Stein Janet L. , Bustin Michael , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe expression of chromosomal proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 during proliferation and differentiation into the osteoblast and monocyte phenotypes was studied. Cellular levels of HMG 14 and HMG 1 7 mRNA were assayed in primary cultures of calvarial‐derived rat osteoblasts under conditions that (1) support complete expression of the mature osteocytic phenotype and development of a bone tissue‐like organization; and (2) where development of osteocytic phenotypic properties are both delayed and reduced in extent of expression. HMG 14 and HMG 17 are preferentially expressed in proliferating osteoblasts and decline to basal levels post‐proliferatively at the onset of extracellular matrix mineralization. In contrast, under conditions that are not conducive to extracellular matrix mineralization, HMG 14 is maximally expressed following the downregulation of proliferation. Consistent with previous reports by Bustin and co‐workers [Crippa et al., 1990], HMG 14 and HMG 17 are expressed in proliferating HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemia cells and downregulated post‐proliferatively following phorbol ester‐induced monocytic differentiation. However, differentiation into the monocyte phenotype is accompanied by reinitiation of HMG 17 gene expression. The results indicate that the levels of HMG 14 and HMG 17 mRNA are selectively down‐regulated during differentiation.
Entecavir plus adefovir combination therapy versus lamivudine add‐on adefovir for lamivudine‐resistant chronic hepatitis B: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeng Teng , Xu Hua , Liu Jun‐Ying , Lei Yu , Zhong Shan , Zhou Zhi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo determine whether adefovir (ADV) in combination with entecavir (ETV) is more effective than with lamivudine (LAM) in patients with lamivudine‐resistant chronic HBV infection, electronic databases were searched through May 10th, 2013 to obtain relevant trials which met the inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis was performed on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomized studies. Four trials containing a total of 323 patients were included. Serum HBV DNA reductions after 3 and 6 months of treatment in the ETV + ADV group were greater than that of LAM + ADV group (mean difference (MD) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74–1.07, P < 0.00001; MD = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.57–1.06, P < 0.00001). The rate of 6 months HBV DNA undetectability with ETV and ADV was higher than that of LAM and ADV (relative risk (RR) = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.14–2.34, P < 0.007). There were higher rates of serum ALT normalization than those in LAM + ADV group after 6 months of treatment (RR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11–1.77, P < 0.005). The ETV + ADV group had lower viral breakthrough and genotypic mutation rates than LAM + ADV group after 12 months of treatment (RR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10–0.58, P = 0.002). The combination of ETV plus ADV is a more effective rescue therapy than LAM add‐on ADV in patients with LAM‐resistant HBV.
On Hypohamiltonian and Almost Hypohamiltonian Graphs
Authors: Zamfirescu Carol T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA graph G is almost hypohamiltonian if G is non‐hamiltonian, there exists a vertex w such that is non‐hamiltonian, and for any vertex the graph is hamiltonian. We prove the existence of an almost hypohamiltonian graph with 17 vertices and of a planar such graph with 39 vertices. Moreover, we find a 4‐connected almost hypohamiltonian graph, while Thomassen's question whether 4‐connected hypohamiltonian graphs exist remains open. We construct planar almost hypohamiltonian graphs of order n for every . During our investigation we draw connections between hypotraceable, hypohamiltonian, and almost hypohamiltonian graphs, and discuss a natural extension of almost hypohamiltonicity. Finally, we give a short argument disproving a conjecture of Chvátal (originally disproved by Thomassen), strengthen a result of Araya and Wiener on cubic planar hypohamiltonian graphs, and mention open problems.