bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical vibrations of composite bridge/track structure/high-speed train systems. Part 3: Deterministic and random vibrations of exemplary system
Authors: Podworna M. , Klasztorny M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Based on the one-dimensional quasi-exact physical and mathematical modelling of a composite (steel-concrete) bridge/track structure/high-speed train system (BTT), developed in Part 2, advanced computer algorithms for the BTT numerical modelling and simulation as well as a computer programme to simulate vertical vibrations of BTT systems are developed. The exemplary bridge under numerical quasi-static and dynamic analysis, designed according to Polish standards, has a 15.00 m span length and belongs to the SCB series-of-types developed in Part 1. The bridge is loaded by a German ICE-3 high-speed train moving at the resonant and maximum operating speeds. A continuously welded ballasted track structure adapted to high operating velocities is applied. The output quantities include: time-histories of the vertical deflection of the main beams at the midspan, time-histories of the longitudinal normal stress in the bottom fibres of the main beams at the midspan, time-histories of the vertical acceleration of the bridge deck at the midspan, time-histories of the vertical accelerations of the suspension pivots in car-bodies, time-histories of the dynamic pressures of the wheel sets of moving rail-vehicles. The design quantities, understood as the extreme values of the output quantities, are used to verify the design conditions. The basic random factor, i.e. vertical track irregularities of the track, is taken into consideration. Basic statistics of the design quantities treated as random variables are calculated and taken into account in the design conditions.
Flow of Stokesian fluid through a cellular medium and thermal effects
Authors: Wojnar R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The thermal effects of a stationary Stokesian flow through an elastic micro-porous medium are compared with the entropy produced by Darcy’s flow. A micro-cellular elastic medium is considered as an approximation of the elastic porous medium. It is shown that after asymptotic two-scale analysis these two approaches, one analytical, starting from Stoke’s equation and the second phenomenological, starting from Darcy’s law give the same result. The incompressible and linearly compressible fluids are considered, and it is shown that in micro-porous systems the seepage of both types of fluids is described by the same equations.
Estimation of the inductive current transformer derating for operation with distorted currents
Authors: Kaczmarek M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to present a new method for estimation of the CT (Current Transformer) rated primary current and / or load of the secondary winding derating levels for transformation of distorted current in relation to the rated values fixed for transformation of sinusoidal current. This ensures the values of the CT composite errors/transformer correction factors as resulting from its IEC 60044-1/IEEE C57.13 accuracy class in condition of distorted currents transformation.
Determination of optimal current in the non-ideal one-phase system with unsteady parameters
Authors: Dębowski K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Some of parameters in electrical systems cannot be considered as constants. In particular, some electrical loads should be described as unsteady because of physical reasons, e.g. arc and arc-resistance furnaces. One of the method to describe parameters of such loads is description by fuzzy numbers. Moreover, this description enables to determine optimal current of the system with unsteady parameters by an application of the optimisation technique called as fuzzy mathematical programming. The optimisation problem has been presented for one-phase system with sinusoidal waveforms. The obtained solution (optimal current) can be determined as crisp one (real numbers) in frequency domain in the numerical way. The determined optimal current has minimal RMS value in this case when the power constraints do not have to be fulfilled strictly because of changes of system parameters. It means simultaneously the minimisation of power losses in the system. This solution generalizes the classical optimisation solution obtained for the systems with constant parameters. In order to illustrate the problem the appropriate example has been presented.
Design of a nanoswitch in 130 nm CMOS technology for 2.4 GHz wireless terminals
Authors: Sobhan Bhuiyan M. Arif , Ibne Reaz M. Bin , Jalil J. , Rahman L. Farzana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes a transmit/receive (T/R) nanoswitch in 130 nm CMOS technology for 2.4 GHz ISM band transceivers. It exhibits 1.03-dB insertion loss, 27.57-dB isolation and a power handling capacity (P1 dB) of 36.2-dBm. It dissipates only 6.87 μW power for 1.8/0 V control voltages and is capable of switching in 416.61 ps. Besides insertion loss and isolation of the nanoswitch is found to vary by 0.1 dB and 0.9 dB, respectively for a temperature change of 125°C. Only the transistor W/L optimization and resistive body floating technique is used for such lucrative performances. Besides absence of bulky inductors and capacitors in the schematic circuit help to attain the smallest chip area of 0.0071 mm2 which is the lowest ever reported in this frequency band. Therefore, simplicity and low chip area of the circuit trim down the cost of fabrication without compromising the performance issue.
Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter lwoffii - the emerging fish pathogens
Authors: Kozińska Alicja , Paździor Ewa , Pękala Agnieszka , Niemczuk Wiktor 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise Acinetobacter sp. isolated from fish. Eight isolates obtained from diseased rainbow trout and common carp cultured in Poland were analysed. The isolates were identified using API 20 NE system as Acinetobacter sp. Afterwards, they were identified by sequencing 16S rDNA gene fragment. The bacteria were identified as A. johnsonii (two isolates), A. lwoffii (two isolates), A. junii/johnsonii (one isolate), A. calcoaceticus (one isolate), and Acinetobacter sp. (two isolates). The drug resistance of isolates was examined. The majority of the isolates were resistant to ampicilin, amoxicillin, and cephalothin and all demonstrated sensitivity to fluoroquinolones, except of one isolate. Two isolates were selected for the experimental infection of trout and carp to confirm their pathogenicity. Experimentally infected fish showed disease symptoms similar to those observed in fish naturally infected with these bacteria. This is the first report concerning pathogenicity of A. johnsonii for rainbow trout and A. lwoffii for common carp. These bacteria were regarded as emerging opportunistic pathogens of fish farmed in Poland. Acinetobacter strains are commonly known as microorganisms transmitting the antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, they might have a great impact on the resistance transfer in aquaculture.
Endoparasites of the European beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Demiaszkiewicz Aleksander W. , Lachowicz Jacek , Kuligowska Izabela , Pyziel Anna M. , Bełżecki Grzegorz , Miltko Renata , Kowalik Barbara , Gogola Wojciech , Giżejewski Zygmunt 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Parasitological examination after necropsies of 48 European beavers from Podlaskie and Warmisko-Mazurskie provinces were performed between April 2011 and November 2012. All helminthes were isolated from the contents of the gastro-intestinal tract and their species were determined. In addition, blood samples and faeces were examined. All beavers were infected with six species of parasites. Stichorchis subtriqetrus trematodes were found in 93.7% of animals. They were localized mainly in the caecum, less in the colon, and single juvenile parasites were found in the small intestine. The intensity of infection ranged from two to 893 parasites. Travassosius rufus nematodes (10-4336 specimens) were present in the stomach of 68.7% of the beavers. In the small intestine of four (8.3%) beavers, two-six specimens of Psilotrema castoris were found. This is the first record of this species in Poland and the third of its discovery in the world. Furthermore, in the small intestine of one beaver, two Trichostrongylus capricola nematodes were detected. In the liver of one beaver, pathological changes caused by hydatid cestode Echinococus granulosus occurred. Inflammatory changes of the gastric mucosa caused by Travassosius rufus and of caecum caused by Stichorchis subtriquertus, were observed. Coproscopy was performed with the use of Baermann, flotation, and decantation methods. All results of Baermann method were negative. Examinations with flotation and decantation methods confirmed necropsy findings. Using the flotation method, single oocysts of Eimeria sprehni in one beaver were detected. A blood test conducted by Kingston and Morton method did not reveal the presence of protozoa or microfilariae.
Clinical and laboratory findings associated with naturally occurring babesiosis in dromedary camels
Authors: Swelum Ayman A. , Ismael Alaa B. , Khalaf Ahmed F. , Abouheif Mohamed A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Clinical, haematological, and biochemical changes induced by naturally occurring babesiosis in dromedary camels were described. Of 258 dromedary camels studied, 34 camels suffered from fever, appetite loss, weakness, depression, and reluctant movement; abortion and/or infertility were also observed. Parasitological blood examinations were performed using Giemsastained blood smears. The clinically affected animals were diagnosed with babesiosis, with 13.17% overall morbidity. Camels that suffered from babesiosis were subjected to haematological and biochemical analyses and the affected group was compared with a control group containing 34 healthy camels. The affected animals showed a highly significant (P<0.001) reduction of the total red blood cell (RBC) count, haemoglobin (HGB) concentration, and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) as well as a highly significant reduction (P<0.01) of haematocrit (HCT) and a significant reduction of (P<0.05) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH). Additional, highly significant increases (P<0.01) in white blood cell (WBC) count and plateletcrit (PCT) percentage were detected. However, other haematological parameters were not significantly altered. There was a very significant reduction (P<0.001) of the blood iron level and a very significant increase (P<0.001) in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the affected camels. Additionally, significant increases in total protein, albumin, γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin were observed in the affected camels. It was concluded that babesiosis highly affects the haematobiochemical parameters of dromedary camels, including the liver, kidney, and muscle functions. These results represent novel findings concerning natural babesiosis in camels.
Prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in mature cats in urban population in Warsaw
Authors: Gójska-Zygner Olga , Lechowski Roman , Zygner Wojciech 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of feline hyperthyroidism in a cat population in Warsaw, considering risk factors. The study was conducted between June 2007 and July 2011. Seven-year-old and older cats were examined. Diagnosis of feline hyperthyroidism was based on the results of clinical examination, data from clinical history, and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 20.14% of 417 cats (95% confidence interval (CI): 16.28%-24.01%). Statistically significant risk factors were age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.27), feeding with a commercial wet feed (OR = 6.74, 95% CI: 2.03-22.37), and an indoor lifestyle (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.04-4.84). There were no effects of breed, gender, castration, or the frequency of deworming on the occurrence of hyperthyroidism. Feline hyperthyroidism in Warsaw is a prevalent disease. This probably results from chronic exposure to dietary and environmental factors.
Influence of duration of clinical signs on surgical treatment results of 16 dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)
Authors: Wrzosek Marcin , Kiełbowicz Zdzisław , Giza Elżbieta , Płonek Marta , Nicpoń Józef 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment in 16 dogs, depending on the animal’s age, body weight, deep pain perception, and time from the onset of neurological symptoms to the consultation with a veterinary neurologist and successive surgery. Sixteen dogs diagnosed with cervical (n = 11) or thoracolumbar (n = 5) disc extrusions underwent spinal surgeries (eleven ventral slots and five hemilaminectomies). The success rate of surgical treatment was 64.3% in dogs with preserved nociception. No association between the animal’s age or body weight and the result of surgical treatment was found. A successful surgical outcome was more likely when the symptom-to-surgery time was shorter.
Influence of caffeine used at various temperature ranges on the concentrations of glucose and total serum protein as well as body weight gain in pregnant rats
Authors: Cendrowska-Pinkosz Monika , Łuszczewska-Sierakowska Iwona , Dworzański Wojciech , Tomaszewski Marek , Krauze Magdalena , Grzebalska Agnieszka Magdalena , Madej-Czerwonka Barbara , Burdan Franciszek 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Caffeine (120 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically to pregnant rats daily on gestational days 8-21. An increase in serum concentration of glucose and total protein was found in animals, which were given caffeine. The protein content proved to be highly significant in the experimental group of animals. The control group showed a negative interdependence between body weight gain and glucose concentration. No correlation was found between body weight gain and total protein concentration, yet the glucose concentration significantly influenced the total protein concentration in this group of animals. Among animals which received caffeine, correlations between total protein and glucose concentrations were observed. The analysis did not show that the glucose or total protein concentration significantly influenced the body weight gain of pregnant female rats in the experimental group. The research conducted suggests the possibility of modulating effects of caffeine on adaptive processes during pregnancy.
Polioencephalomalacia in ruminants caused by excessive amount of sulphur - a review
Authors: Lutnicki Krzysztof , Madej Eligiusz , Riha Tomasz , Kurek Łukasz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Polioencephalomalacia as a result of sulphur excess is a growing problem in cattle and sheep, mainly in young, growing animals. It is common in different regions of the world. The disease develops favoured by certain conditions such as sustained provision of feed and water with high sulphur content, use of dietary supplements containing sulphur, and a habitat with high hydrogen sulphide concentration. Pathogenesis of the disease is complex, but very important are oxidative-antioxidative imbalance, dysfunction of vessels, and secondary cerebral cortex ischaemia as a result of direct and/or indirect action of sulphur metabolites, namely hydrogen sulphide, sulphides, and sulphites. Clinical signs and changes in the cerebral cortex in the form of degenerative necrotic lesions are similar to those observed in polioencephalomalacia caused by vitamin B1 deficiency, and lead and salt intoxication. Highly increased sulphur content (more than 0.3-0.4 of dry matter) in the diet is the basis for differential diagnosis, as well the high concentration of hydrogen sulphide in gas and sulphides in rumen fluid. In prophylaxis and treatment the most important measure is to limit sulphur intake and in acute cases to neutralise low pH in rumen and administer vitamin B1 injections.
Characteristics of the Clayey-Siliceous Rock From The Dylągówka–Zapady Deposit (Polish Flysch Carpathians) as a Mineral Raw Material
Authors: Panna Wojciech , Wyszomirski Piotr , Myszka Ryszard 
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie
Badaniom zostały poddane trzy próbki z nieeksploatowanego dotąd złoża Dylągówka-Zapady. Charakterystyka surowcowa tych próbek, pochodzących z różnych głębokości złoża, polegała na określeniu ich składu fazowego (przy użyciu takich metod jak: analiza rentgenograficzna, spek- troskopia w podczerwieni oraz analiza termiczna), składu chemicznego, ziarnowego oraz określenia właściwości sorpcyjnych. Badania te wykazały, że kopalina w przekroju pionowym złoża wykazuje zmienny skład chemiczny i mineralny, aczkolwiek generalnie jest zasobna w minerały grupy smektytu (montmorillonit). Zawartość tego minerału ilastego mieści się w przedziale 28^3%. Kolejną fazą mineralną, która ma istotny wpływ na właściwości technologiczne omawianej kopaliny jest opal. Obecność tej fazy krzemionkowej została potwierdzona analizą rcntgenograficzną i termiczną. Stwierdzono, że w próbkach pobranych z różnych głębokości złoża występuje zarówno opal-A jak i opal-CT. Ponadto, w próbce pobranej z nadkładu złoża, stwierdzono także obecność innego minerału palinic podwyższonej ilości smektytów, opalu i zcolitów, wiąże się jej wybitna drobnoziarnistość i dobre właściwości sorpcyjne, co predysponuje ją do wykorzystania jako sorbentu różnego rodzaju zanieczyszczeń.
Availability of Rock Raw Materials in the Context of Legally Protected Areas of the Dolnoslaskie Voivodeship
Authors: Kaźmierczak Urszula 
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie
W publikacji poddano analizie możliwości eksploatacji kopalin skalnych z udokumentowanych i nieeksploatowanych złóż kopalin skalnych zlokalizowanych na obszarach prawnie chronionych województwa dolnośląskiego. Badania wykazały, że na obszarach prawnie chronionych wojewódz- two zlokalizowanych jest 39 przedmiotowych złóż o łącznych zasobach 985,2 min Mg. Złoża te położone są na terenach Parków Krajobrazowych, Obszarów Chronionego Krajobrazu, obszarów Natura 2000, pod zbiornikiem retencyjnym Słup (1 złoże piasków i żwirów) oraz na obszarach dwóch projektowanych Parków Krajobrazowych. Analiza możliwości eksploatacji badanych złóż wykazała, że względy przyrody nie wykluczają całkowicie eksploatacji kopalin, ale w dużej mierze ją ogra- niczają. Bowiem złoże surowca może być eksploatowane zgodnie z zapisami ustawy z dnia 9 czerwca 2011 r. prawo geologiczne i górnicze, tj. po uzyskaniu koncesji, która uprawnia do wykonywania działalności górniczej w określonej przestrzeni. Jednym z załączników wniosku koncesyjnego jest wcześniej uzyskana decyzja o środowiskowych uwarunkowaniach realizacji przedsięwzięcia zgodnie z art. 72 ustawy o udostępnianiu informacji o środowisku (Dz.U.2008.199.1227 z późn zm.). Najważniejszym elementem uzyskania takiej decyzji jest przeprowadzenie tzw. procedury oceny oddziaływania. Celem tej procedury jest zapobieganie niekorzystnemu oddziaływaniu planowanego przedsięwzięcia na środowisko. Dodatkowo, w przypadku terenów prawnie chronionych, możliwości eksploatacji uwarunkowane są ustawą o ochronie przyrody, a w przypadku Parku Krajobrazowego zależą od aktu prawnego uchwalającego dany Park Krajobrazowy. W aktach prawnych ustana- wiających trzy Parki Krajobrazowe (PK Doliny Bobru, Rudawski PK i PK Chełmy) wprowadzono całkowity zakaz realizacji przedsięwzięć mogących znacząco oddziaływać na środowisko oraz pozys- kiwania dla celów gospodarczych skał, skamieniałości i minerałów. Oznacza to, że osiem złóż zlo- kalizowanych na terenie tych parków nie będą mogły być zagospodarowane. Wyjątek w tej grupie stanowi złoże amfibolitu „Wieściszowice” ze względu na zapis, w akcie uchwalającym Rudawski Park Krajobrazowy, dotyczący możliwości wydobycia kopaliny jeśli przeprowadzona procedura oceny oddziaływania wykaże brak niekorzystnego wpływu na przyrodę parku. W przypadku Obszarów Chronionego Krajobrazu i obszarów Natura 2000 eksploatacja udokumentowanych złóż jest możliwa pod warunkiem, że przeprowadzona ocena odziaływania na środowisko wykaże brak znacząco negatywnego wpływu inwestycji na przyrodę obszaru chronionego i na cele ochrony obszaru Natura 2000. Analiza wykazała także, że wykluczona jest eksploatacja złoża piasków i żwirów spod zbiornika retencyjnego Słup. Spowodowane jest to ustanowioną strefą ochronną ujęcia wody obejmującą czaszę zbiornika i jego budowle hydrotechniczne, co eliminuje całkowicie możliwości wydobycia kopalin z tamtego obszaru.
The Use of AHP Multi-Criteria Method and Leopold Matrix to Assess the Impact of Gravel and Sand Pits on the Environment of the Jasiolka Valley
Authors: Sobczyk Wiktoria , Kowalska Anna , Sobczyk Eugeniusz J. 
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie
Zadaniem sieci Natura 2000 jest zachowanie bioróżnorodności przy zrównoważonym rozwoju regionów. Działalność górnicza może być prowadzona, gdy nie oddziałuje negatywnie na obszary ochronione. W artykule opisano przedmioty ochrony na obszarze Natura 2000 Jasiołka. Scharakte- ryzowano rodzaje negatywnego oddziaływania eksploatacji złóż żwirowo-piaskowych na środowisko przyrodnicze. Przedstawiono wpływ wydobycia złóż piasków i żwirów w Trzcianie na przedmioty ochrony sieci Natura 2000. Przeprowadzono ocenę tego wpływu z wykorzystaniem wielokryterialnej metody AHP i macierzy Leopolda. Oceny wpływu eksploatacji kruszyw na środowisko dokonało 35 ekspertów, których kompetencja obejmowała wszystkie elementy oceny analizowanego problemu. Reprezentowali oni następujące dziedziny nauki: geologia, górnictwo, zarządzanie środowiskiem, inżynieria środowiska, ochrona środowiska, ekologia.
Eksploatacja złoża piasków i żwirów w Trzcianie wywiera największy wpływ na biosferę, w szczególności na florę, następnie na hydrosferę i litosferę. Oddziaływanie to jest jednak mało znaczące. Wydobycie kruszywa naturalnego w Trzcianie nie posiada znamion negatywnego wpływu na okoliczne obszary Natura 2000. Eksploatacja kopaliny w niewielkim stopniu wpływa na stosunki wodne obszaru. Zmiana rzeźby terenu, szaty roślinnej i degradacja gleby są przejściowe. Rekul- tywacja w kierunku rolnym umożliwiła powrót do zagospodarowania terenu zgodnego z tym, jaki był przed przystąpieniem do eksploatacji. Stwierdzono, że inwestycja po zakończeniu wydobycia i po rekultywacji wodnej wzbogaci siedliska rzeczne i dolinowe, tworząc nowe miejsca dla rozrodu i bytowania fauny.
Podkreślono, że zrekultywowane tereny są cennym elementem środowiska: siedliskiem chro- nionych roślin oraz miejscem wypoczynku i żerowania wielu gatunków zwierząt.
Opisany przykład oddziaływania eksploatacji kopaliny na środowisko skłania do spojrzenia na górnictwo jako na działalność tworzącą nowe wartości. Ocena rzeczywistego wpływu górnictwa na środowisko na podstawie działających żwirowni pozwala znaleźć optymalne rozwiązanie dla obu stron.