bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Oxidation-resistant Copper Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes by Photoreduction
Authors: Nishida Naoki , Miyashita Akira , Tsukuda Tatsuya , Tanaka Hideki 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were produced through photoreduction of a mixture of copper acetate solution and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at room temperature. The diameter of the NPs could be controlled by the photoirradiation time. HRTEM and XRD measurements revealed that the NPs were composed of a metallic Cu core and a Cu2O shell that acts as a passive layer.
Shape-controlled Synthesis of ZnS–CuInS2–AgInS2 Solid Solution Nanoparticles and Their Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Dai Meilin , Uematsu Taro , Kuwabata Susumu , Torimoto Tsukasa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Nanoparticles of a ZnS–CuInS2–AgInS2 (Z-CAIS) solid solution were prepared successfully via the thermal decomposition of single precursors in a hot oleylamine solution, their band gap being controlled by varying the chemical composition of the precursors. The morphologies of the nanoparticles changed from spheres to rods with an increase in the ZnS content in the particles. The photoluminescence intensity of Z-CAIS was relatively large, while ZnS–CuInS2 and ZnS nanorods prepared under the same reaction conditions exhibited no photoluminescence.
Facile Solubilization and Photovoltaic Application of C60 Fullerene–Ethylenediamine Adduct
Authors: Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Ueda Taiki , Ono Yuji , Kimura Kento , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Yamada Sunao , Oku Takeo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Fullerene C60–ethylenediamine adduct particles were solubilized in toluene by the addition of acyl chloride. An inverted-type bulk-heterojunction organic thin-film solar cell using polythiophene and the solubilized C60–ethylenediamine adduct as the photoactive layer was fabricated, and the layer generated a photocurrent via the photoexcitation of polythiophene. The solar-cell performance suggested that the solubilized C60–ethylenediamine adduct works as an n-type semiconductor for polythiophene.
Ligand-controlled Iron-catalyzed Cross Coupling of Benzylic Chlorides with Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Kawamura Shintaro , Nakamura Masaharu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The selective cross coupling of benzylic chlorides with aryl Grignard reagents has been achieved by using catalytic amounts of FeCl2 and electronically tuned ortho-phenylenebisphosphine ligands. Although electron-deficient ligands promoted the reductive homocoupling of benzylic halides, electron-rich ligands effectively promoted the desired cross-coupling reaction to afford the corresponding diarylmethanes in good to excellent yields.
Synthesis of Mordenite Nanocrystals by Using a Hydrophobic Structure-directing Agent
Authors: Inagaki Satoshi , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Nishita Yuji , Kubota Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Mordenite nanocrystals of around 80 nm in length along the c axis were synthesized successfully by using a hydrophobic structure-directing agent (SDA). The nanometer-sized mordenite catalyst showed higher activity than the micron- or submicron-sized versions in cumene cracking.
Solubilization of Chemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Using Coffee Catechol
Authors: Lee Jang Mi , Jeong Geumbi , Lee Mi Yeon , Kim So Yeon , Park Young Ho , Park Sung Young , Kim Sang Chun , Min Byung-Gak , In Insik 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Stable aqueous dispersion of chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was prepared through simple “catechol-induced reduction and functionalization” with a coffee catechol, chlorogenic acid (CA) or real Americano coffee. Prepared CA/RGO or coffee/RGO assembly was optically clear and stable for more than 6 months. This coffee catechol based approach for the formulation of soluble RGO can be easily extended to other “green chemistry” where catechol-rich fruits such as wine or beverages such as berry juice can be used for the formulation of soluble graphene.
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-protected Silver Nanowire Network for Transparent Conductor with Enhanced Oxidation Resistance and Adhesion Properties
Authors: Lee Won Jin , Lee Mi Yeon , Roy Arup Kumer , Lee Kang Seok , Park Sung Young , In Insik 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A highly electrically conducting and optically transparent silver nanowire (AgNW) network with enhanced oxidation resistance and adhesion properties was formulated through poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) protection on top of the AgNW network on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. The PDMS-protected AgNW network would prevent device malfunction in AgNW-based devices owing to its high resistance to oxidation by oxygen from the air and its enhanced adhesion to the PET substrate, while minimizing any decrease in optical transmittance and increase in sheet resistance of the AgNW network in the presence of the PDMS protection layer.
Facile Synthesis of Oligosaccharide–Poly(l-lactide) Conjugates Forming Nanoparticles with Saccharide Core and Shell
Authors: Tanaka Tomonari , Fukuhara Hiroyuki , Shoda Shin-ichiro , Kimura Yoshiharu 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Various oligosaccharide–poly(l-lactide) conjugates (Sac-PLLAs) were synthesized readily through the direct azidation of unprotected saccharides followed by click chemistry with acetylene-terminated poly(l-lactide)s. The Sac-PLLAs were found to form aggregates with the saccharide moieties as the core and shell in nonpolar and polar solvents, respectively.
Trade Promotion Decisions Under Demand Uncertainty: A Market Experiment Approach
Authors: Yuan Hong , Gómez Miguel I. , Rao Vithala R. 
Published: February 2013

In this paper, we examine trade promotion decisions in manufacturer–retailer channels where retailers face consumer demand uncertainty. We first present the theoretical analysis for two types of markets where trade promotion discounts are offered either as off-invoices or as scan-backs. We derive propositions by comparing wholesale and retail prices, retailer order quantities, and profits given the same trade promotion discount. Next, we extend the basic model so that the amount of trade promotion discount influences market expansion and solve for the optimal discount level. To test our theory, we then employ market experiments where we manipulate demand uncertainty and market expansion. Consistent with our theoretical predictions, we find that wholesale and retail prices are higher and retailer order quantities lower when the same amount of trade promotion discount is allocated to scan-backs versus off-invoices. In the market expansion condition, we find that manufacturers offer deeper discounts when trade promotions are allocated to off-invoices versus scan-backs. Overall, our research suggests that market experiments can shed light on trade promotion outcomes for which industry data are sparse or nonexistent. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, behavioral economics.
Importance of the Efficiency of Double-Stranded DNA Formation in cDNA Synthesis for the Imprecision of Microarray Expression Analysis
Authors: Thormar Hans G , Gudmundsson Bjarki , Eiriksdottir Freyja , Kil Siyoen , Gunnarsson Gudmundur H , Magnusson Magnus Karl , Hsu Jason C , Jonsson Jon J 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND
The causes of imprecision in microarray expression analysis are poorly understood, limiting the use of this technology in molecular diagnostics. Two-dimensional strandness-dependent electrophoresis (2D-SDE) separates nucleic acid molecules on the basis of length and strandness, i.e., double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), and RNA·DNA hybrids.

METHODS
We used 2D-SDE to measure the efficiency of cDNA synthesis and its importance for the imprecision of an in vitro transcription–based microarray expression analysis.

RESULTS
The relative amount of double-stranded cDNA formed in replicate experiments that used the same RNA sample template was highly variable, ranging between 0% and 72% of the total DNA. Microarray experiments showed an inverse relationship between the difference between sample pairs in probe variance and the relative amount of dsDNA. Approximately 15% of probes showed between-sample variation (P &lt; 0.05) when the dsDNA percentage was between 12% and 35%. In contrast, only 3% of probes showed between-sample variation when the dsDNA percentage was 69% and 72%. Replication experiments of the 35% dsDNA and 72% dsDNA samples were used to separate sample variation from probe replication variation. The estimated SD of the sample-to-sample variation and of the probe replicates was lower in 72% dsDNA samples than in 35% dsDNA samples.

CONCLUSIONS
Variation in the relative amount of double-stranded cDNA synthesized can be an important component of the imprecision in T7 RNA polymerase–based microarray expression analysis.
Laboratory Assessment of Novel Oral Anticoagulants: Method Suitability and Variability between Coagulation Laboratories
Authors: Helin Tuukka A , Pakkanen Anja , Lassila Riitta , Joutsi-Korhonen Lotta 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND
Laboratory tests to assess novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are under evaluation. Routine monitoring is unnecessary, but under special circumstances bioactivity assessment becomes crucial. We analyzed the effects of NOACs on coagulation tests and the availability of specific assays at different laboratories.

METHODS
Plasma samples spiked with dabigatran (Dabi; 120 and 300 μg/L) or rivaroxaban (Riva; 60, 146, and 305 μg/L) were sent to 115 and 38 European laboratories, respectively. International normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were analyzed for all samples; thrombin time (TT) was analyzed specifically for Dabi and calibrated anti–activated factor X (anti-Xa) activity for Riva. We compared the results with patient samples.

RESULTS
Results of Dabi samples were reported by 73 laboratories (13 INR and 9 APTT reagents) and Riva samples by 22 laboratories (5 INR and 4 APTT reagents). Both NOACs increased INR values; the increase was modest, albeit larger, for Dabi, with higher CV, especially with Quick (vs Owren) methods. Both NOACs dose-dependently prolonged the APTT. Again, the prolongation and CVs were larger for Dabi. The INR and APTT results varied reagent-dependently (P &lt; 0.005), with less prolongation in patient samples. TT results (Dabi) and calibrated anti-Xa results (Riva) were reported by only 11 and 8 laboratories, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The screening tests INR and APTT are suboptimal in assessing NOACs, having high reagent dependence and low sensitivity and specificity. They may provide information, if laboratories recognize their limitations. The variation will likely increase and the sensitivity differ in clinical samples. Specific assays measure NOACs accurately; however, few laboratories applied them.
Stable Gene Silencing in Zebrafish with Spatiotemporally Targetable RNA Interference
Authors: Dong Zhiqiang , Peng Jisong , Guo Su 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The ability to regulate gene activity in a spatiotemporally controllable manner is vital for biological discovery that will impact disease diagnosis and treatment. While conditional gene silencing is possible in other genetic model organisms, this technology is largely unavailable in zebrafish, an important vertebrate model organism for functional gene discovery. Here, using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) designed in the microRNA-30 backbone, which have been shown to mimic natural microRNA primary transcripts and be more effective than simple shRNAs, we report stable RNA interference-mediated gene silencing in zebrafish employing the yeast Gal4-UAS system. Using this approach, we reveal at single-cell resolution the role of atypical protein kinase Cλ (aPKCλ) in regulating neural progenitor/stem cell division. We also show effective silencing of the one-eyed-pinhead and no-tail/brachyury genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate stable integration and germ-line transmission of the UAS-miR-shRNAs for aPKCλ, the expressivity of which is controllable by the strength and expression of Gal4. This technology shall significantly advance the utility of zebrafish for understanding fundamental vertebrate biology and for the identification and evaluation of important therapeutic targets.
Novel Connections Between DNA Replication, Telomere Homeostasis, and the DNA Damage Response Revealed by a Genome-Wide Screen for TEL1/ATM Interactions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Piening Brian D , Huang Dongqing , Paulovich Amanda G 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Tel1 is the budding yeast ortholog of the mammalian tumor suppressor and DNA damage response (DDR) kinase ATM. However, tel1-Δ cells, unlike ATM-deficient cells, do not exhibit sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, but do display shortened (but stably maintained) telomere lengths. Neither the extent to which Tel1p functions in the DDR nor the mechanism by which Tel1 contributes to telomere metabolism is well understood. To address the first question, we present the results from a comprehensive genome-wide screen for genetic interactions with tel1-Δ that cause sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and/or ionizing radiation, along with follow-up characterizations of the 13 interactions yielded by this screen. Surprisingly, many of the tel1-Δ interactions that confer DNA damage sensitivity also exacerbate the short telomere phenotype, suggesting a connection between these two phenomena. Restoration of normal telomere length in the tel1-Δ xxx-Δ mutants results in only minor suppression of the DNA damage sensitivity, demonstrating that the sensitivity of these mutants must also involve mechanisms independent of telomere length. In support of a model for increased replication stress in the tel1-Δ xxx-Δ mutants, we show that depletion of dNTP pools through pretreatment with hydroxyurea renders tel1-Δ cells (but not wild type) MMS-sensitive, demonstrating that, under certain conditions, Tel1p does indeed play a critical role in the DDR.
Probabilistic Forecasting and Model Validation for the First-Eocene Large-Scale Pilot Steamflood, Partitioned Zone, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait
Authors: Osterloh W. Terry , Mims Don S. , Meddaugh W. Scott 
Published: February 2013

Summary
The First-Eocene heavy-oil reservoir (1E) in the Wafra field is a candidate for steamflooding because of its world-class resource base and low-estimated primary recovery. However, industry has little experience in steamflooding carbonate reservoirs, which has prompted the staging of several 1E steamflooding tests, the latest of which is the large-scale pilot (LSP) started in 2009. To assist in facilities design, to help understand expected performance in a very heterogeneous reservoir, and to provide input to early-decision analyses, numerical thermal simulation was used to generate probabilistic forecasts. When adequate pilot history was available, the model was validated with probabilistic methods.
The LSP model contained 1.5 million cells, which allowed the maintenance of adequate resolution and proper boundary conditions in the pilot area. Parallel computation enabled a probabilistic workflow to be implemented with this large thermal model.
In this paper, we highlight the methodologies and inputs used to generate the probabilistic forecasts and validate the model. Major results of this work include the following: In contrast to many greenfield forecasts, the LSP forecasts were conservative, likely because of the unique aspects of the forecasting methodology, proper selection of uncertainty ranges, and the relatively high density of input data for model construction; wide variations in production metrics were forecast, indicative of a highly heterogeneous reservoir; results indicated that the validated model adequately captured the global or statistical pilot heterogeneity, enabling proper capture of steamflood flow/drainage mechanisms; and despite this heterogeneity, forecast oil-recovery levels were comparable with those observed in steamfloods in sandstone reservoirs.
Resource Evaluation for Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Dong Z.. , Holditch S.A.. A. , McVay D.A.. A. 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Many shale gas reservoirs have been previously thought of as source rocks, but the industry now finds these source rocks still contain large volumes of natural gas and liquids that can be produced by use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. However, one of the most uncertain aspects of shale gas development is our ability to accurately forecast gas resources and shale gas development economics. The uncertainty of the problem begs for a probabilistic solution.
The objective of our work was to develop the data sets, methodology, and tools to determine values of original gas in place (OGIP), technically recoverable resources (TRR), recovery factor (RF), and economic viability in highly uncertain and risky shale gas reservoirs. Existing approaches for determining values of TRR, such as the use of decline curves or even volumetric analyses, may not be reliable early on because there may not be enough production history for decline curves to work well or the uncertainty in the reservoir properties may be too large for volumetric analyses to be useful.
To achieve our research objective, we developed a computer program, Unconventional Gas Resource Assessment System (UGRAS). In the program, we integrated Monte Carlo technique with an analytical reservoir simulator to estimate the original volume in place, predict production performance, and estimate the fraction of TRR that are economically recoverable resources (ERR) for a variety of economic situations. We applied UGRAS to dry gas wells in the Barnett shale and the Eagle Ford shale to determine the probabilistic distribution of their resource potential and economic viability. On the basis of our assumptions, the Eagle Ford shale in the dry-gas portion of the play has more technically recoverable resources than the Barnett shale. However, the Eagle Ford shale is currently not as profitable as the Barnett shale because of the higher drilling costs in the Eagle Ford dry-gas window.
We anticipate that the tools and methodologies developed in this work will be applicable to any shale gas reservoir that has sufficient data available. These tools should ultimately be able to allow determination of technically and economically recoverable resources from shale gas reservoirs globally.
Toward an Automatic Metadata Management Framework for Smart Oil Fields
Authors: Chelmis Charalampos , Zhao Jing , Sorathia Vikram , Agarwal Suchindra , Prasanna Viktor 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Vast volumes of data are continuously generated in smart oilfields from swarms of sensors. While increasing amounts of such data are stored in large data repositories and accessed over high-speed networks, captured data is further processed by different users in various analysis, prediction, and domain-specific procedures that result in even larger volumes of derived datasets.
The decision-making process in smart oilfields relies on accurate historical, real-time, or predicted datasets. However, the difficulty in searching for the right data mainly lies in the fact that data is stored in large repositories carrying no metadata to describe them. The origin or context in which the data was generated cannot be traced back, so any meaning associated with the data is lost. Integrated views of data are required to make important decisions efficiently and effectively, but are difficult to produce; data generated and stored in the repository may have different formats and schemata pertaining to different vendor products.
In this paper, we present an approach based on semantic web technologies that enables automatic annotation of input data with missing metadata with terms from a domain ontology, which constantly evolves while supervised by domain experts.
We provide an intuitive user interface for annotation of datasets originating from the seismic image-processing workflow. Our datasets contain models and different versions of images obtained from such models, generated as part of the oil-exploration process in the oil industry. Our system is capable of annotating models and images with missing metadata, preparing them for integration by mapping such annotations. Our technique is abstract and may be used to annotate any datasets with missing metadata, derived from original datasets.
The broader significance of this work is in the context of knowledge capturing, preservation, and management for smart oilfields. Specifically, our work focuses on extracting domain knowledge into collaboratively curated ontologies and using this information to assist domain experts in seamless data integration.
Water Use in Canada's Oil-Sands Industry: The Facts
Authors: Lunn Stuart 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Canada's oil-sands industry is often perceived as having poor environmental performance. One focus area is the use of water for oilsands production. Bitumen from oil sands is produced by surface mining or by in-situ thermal extraction. Both technologies are water-based. The oil-sands deposits are situated in northern Alberta, where the river basins have 87% of the provincial average annual water supply but only have 13% of the demand. Oil-sands operators have made significant progress in improving freshwater use productivity (intensity), and water use represents a small percentage of natural supply. For in-situ production, the 2010 freshwater use productivity for the industry was 0.43 units of freshwater per unit of bitumen produced. As an example of continuous improvement, the Imperial Oil Cold Lake in-situ oil-sands operation has improved freshwater use productivity by 90% since 1985 through produced-water recycling and the use of deep saline groundwater. The in-situ oil-sands industry will remain a relatively small water user into the future (2030) using an estimated 0.04 to 0.09% of available supply from the three river basins where it is situated. For oil-sands mining, most of the source water comes from the Athabasca River. The average water-use productivity for oil-sands production between 2006 and 2011 was 2.5 units of Athabasca River water per unit of bitumen and synthetic crude oil produced (3.6 for all freshwater sources). In 2011, the oil-sands mining industry used 0.54% of the annual Athabasca River flow and 3% of the lowest 2011–2012 winter weekly flow. For growth forecasts to 2030, it is estimated that the oil-sands mining industry will require 1.4% of the average annual flow of the Athabasca River. Overall, by 2030, it is projected that the entire oil-sands industry will use less than 0.4% of Alberta's average annual water supply to produce 80% of Canada's total oil production.