bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R E V I E W: In Vitro Selection and Somaclonal Variation for Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: LESTARI ENDANG GATI 
Published: July 2014

As an alternative technology, plant improvement through somaclonal variation is expected to support conventional breeding. New superior variants with a better performance and more attractive texture could be obtained through this method. To enhance genetic variation, both physical and chemical treatments such as gamma ray (Co60) and Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) compound could be applied. In particular for vegetative propagated plants, in vitro induced mutation is the most effective method to improve variation. For obtaining the
desired characteristic of plant, in vitro selection is the best method due to its capability to manipulate the variation to the expected result. Therefore, by applying the selection agent to the media, plant tolerance to both abiotic and biotic could be acquired. Generally, the tolerance at the callus level at the specific selection agent is positively correlated with the tolerance at the plant level. At this point, PEG (polyethylene glycol) and manitol is chemical compound useful for drought tolerance, fusaric or filtrate is for fusarium wilt, A1Cl3.6H2O is for Al tolerance.
Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: somaclonal variation, in vitro selection, induced mutation.
Genetic variations among Indonesian native cattle breeds based on polymorphisms analysis in the growth hormone loci and mitochondrial DNA
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO 
Published: July 2014

Sutarno (2010). Genetic variations among Indonesian native cattle breeds based on polymorphisms analysis in the growth hormone lociÂ and mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 11: 1-5. Genetic variation within breeds is important and its study has become a subject of interestÂ in livestock species, as it has many applications in animal breeding and genetics, such as the identification of animals and parentageÂ testing, gene mapping and identifying markers for performance traits. Two loci of bovine growth hormone genes, and two regions ofÂ mitochondrial DNA, D-loop and ND-5 were characterized using polymerase chain reaction â€“ restriction fragment length polymorphism (CR-RFLP) involving 120 Indonesian native cattle of Bali, Madura, PO and West Sumatra breeds. The results indicated that sequenceÂ variations were detected both in the growth hormone loci and mitochondrial DNA.
The Ancestress figure: Puritanism in Martha Graham’s choreography
Authors: Simonari Rosella 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Puritanism, in Martha Graham’s dance work, has been an important conception for the development of her style, but has not been thoroughly analyzed by scholars. The Ancestress, in one of her most interesting and neglected pieces, Letter to the World (1940), embodies a powerful interpretation of Puritanism. The idea of focusing on a single character stems from the resonances it produces on the choreography and on Graham’s production at large.
Letter to the World is about Emily Dickinson’s poetry and personality, and the Ancestress represents the puritanical force of tradition that attempts to stop the growth of the poet’s (creative) life. In this sense, she can be compared to Mother Ann Lee, leader of the Shakers, who preached chastity among her acolytes and to the way William Carlos Williams portrays the Puritans in his book of essays, In the American Grain (1925), a book that influenced Graham’s vision. Puritanism undergoes an interesting transformation this time in one of Graham’s dance’s most celebrated pieces, Appalachian Spring (1944), where the Revivalist sums up what the Ancestress represented with three twists in terms of name, gender and dance.
The Use of Accrual Accounting in New Zealand’s Central Government: Second Thoughts
Authors: Newberry Susan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBusiness-style accrual accounting for governmental budgeting and financial reporting is widely promoted as appropriate for governments and promoted as successful in the countries that have already adopted it. There are, however, both constitutional and democratic reasons for close attention to their implications and effects. Accounting has a power of its own and, matters that “appear on the surface to be technical … can be found to be intimately tied up with political, behavioural and constitutional concerns” (
Melodrama and Narrative Fiction: Towards a Typology
Authors: Straub Julia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Recent research on melodrama has stressed its versatility and ubiquity by approaching it as a mode of expression rather than a theatrical genre. A variety of contexts in which melodrama is at work have been explored, but only little scholarly attention has been paid to the relationship between melodrama and novels, short stories and novellas. This article proposes a typology of melodrama in narrative prose fiction, examining four different categories: Melodrama and Sentimentalism, Depiction of Melodramatic Performances in Narrative Prose Fiction, Theatrical Antics and Aesthetics in Narrative Prose Fiction and Meta-Melodrama. Its aim is to clarify the ways in which melodrama, ever since its early days on the stages of late eighteenth-century Europe, has interacted with fictional prose narratives, thereby shaping the literary imagination in the Anglophone world.
An American Odyssey of Suffering: Aesthetic Strategies in Steve McQueen’s 12 Years a Slave
Authors: Loren Scott 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In her seminal study on racial melodrama, Linda Williams suggested that “variations of the melodrama of black and white continue to be necessary to the way mass American culture ‘talks to itself’ about race” (2001: 301), with cinema as a means for cultures to reflect on unresolved social tensions through fictional forms. Williams’s choice of phraseology is reflexive of the theory ­informing her book: melodrama, a protean meta-genre and cultural mode, mobilizes cinematic aesthetic hyperbole and filmic realism, seeking to make an unspeakable moral order “legible”; a “mute text” used to conjure occult knowledge (This concept is established in Peter Brooks’s The Melodramatic Imagination: Balzac, Henry James, Melodrama, and the Mode of Excess (1976). See Williams 315, endnote 17 for her use of the terms “moral occult” and “moral legibility”.). Configured around signs of virtue and villainy through racial difference, racial melodrama’s Manichaeism of good and evil allows for intense, emotive cinematic identification, capable of reconciling “the irreconcilables of American culture” (Williams 2001: 299). Hailed as the most important cinematic event in years, the critical success of Steve McQueen’s 12 Years a Slave (2013) seems to attest to the continuing legitimacy of Williams’s claims (See, for example, the The Guardian reviews and the list of accolades at imdb.com: <http://www.theguardian.com/film/movie/156376/12-years-a-slave> [accessed 13 February 2014]. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2024544/awards> [accessed 10 February 2014].). This paper positions 12 Years a Slave in a melodramatic thematics of race. Examining the narrative and aesthetic strategies of McQueen’s adaptation alongside generic conventions, it considers the ways in which the film, as a racial melodrama, negotiates ambivalences and contingencies of historic national trauma through a narrative of Manichaean moral legibility.
Virtual patient case: study of a urinary incontinence therapy procedure in a woman
Authors: Stangel-Wójcikiewicz Klaudia , Piwowar Monika , Migdał Małgorzata , Skotniczny Krzysztof 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to present a case of virtual patient with urinary incontinence (UI), the treatment especially based on the new muscle-derived stem cell (MDSC) procedure. With the use of e-learning systems, the UI patient’s classical follow-up as well as MDSC sphincter injection therapy are shown. The “Virtual Patient” case allowed us to demonstrate the main results and the creation of a robotic system from the MDSC study. In this way, the authors will disseminate the new procedure developed in Collegium Medicum JU in UI patients. The “Virtual Patient” case may help students get involved in this new procedure along the main program.
Monodromy of A-hypergeometric functions
Authors: Beukers Frits 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Using Mellin–Barnes integrals we give a method to compute
elements of the monodromy group of an A-hypergeometric system
of differential equations. The method works under the assumption that
the A-hypergeometric system has a basis of solutions consisting of Mellin–Barnes
integrals. Hopefully these elements generate the full monodromy group, but this
has only been verified in some special cases.
Kants „Ich“ in „Ich soll …“ und Freuds Über-Ich
Authors: Longuenesse Béatrice 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Kant’s and Freud’s respective investigations of the mind obey fundamentally different concerns. And yet their views of the structure of our mental life are strikingly similar. The article explores some of those similarities. It compares Kant’s transcendental unity of apperception and the organization of mental processes Freud calls ‘ego’ (Ich). It then proceeds to compare Kant’s categorical imperative of morality and Freud’s structure of ego/superego (Ich/ÜberIch). Freud’s structural view of the mind, it is suggested, might offer a developmental account of just those aspects of mental life Kant thought could be explained only by appealing to our belonging in a noumenal world escaping the deterministic laws of the natural world. However, Freud’s approach is exclusively developmental. He does not take any position on questions of justification, the very questions that are central to Kant’s concern. The paper offers a cautious response to the question: what remains, under the Freudian developmental account, of the justificatory ambition of Kant’s formulation of the categorical imperative as an imperative of pure practical reason?
Privateigentum, Verdinglichungskritik und die Vergesellschaftung der Produktionsmittel
Authors: Brunkhorst Hauke 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The problem of a society based on private ownership of productive forces is the unequal and unjust conditions of producing economic wealth and political power. The bourgeois legal concept of private property is a paradigmatic combination of the reification of universal concepts and class-interest. An exemplary case is Hegel’s Philosophy of Law. The essay tries to reconstruct the idea of democratic socialism as a still workable alternative.
Historisches Unrecht im Völker- und Weltbürgerrecht
Authors: Niesen Peter 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In his writings on international and cosmopolitan law, Kant condemns all unlawful annexations and especially European expansionism. Although his late works develop a staunch anti-colonial position, they contain little advice on how historic injustice is to be set right, especially whether and how claims to the restitution of territory ought to be satisfied. In order to give a systematic answer to the question, I introduce a threefold distinction between stages of international law. It is then argued that while Kant is skeptical about restitutive rights and duties as a matter of natural international law, he defends restitutive duties on the level of transitional international law. It can also be shown that violations of cosmopolitan law trigger more stringent duties of restoration than violations of international law.
A study on obtaining nonwovens using polyhydroxyalkanoates and the melt-blown technique
Authors: Sójka-Ledakowicz Jadwiga , Łatwińska Marta , Kudzin Marcin , Klepacz-Smółka Anna 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPoly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] nonwovens were obtained from polymers enriched with nucleants using the melt-blown technique. The most important physico-mechanical parameters, susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation (in neutral and alkaline medium) and to biodegradation, were analysed for the obtained nonwovens. It was determined that P(3HB) nonwovens, compared to popular polypropylene (PP) nonwovens, are characterized by elementary fibres with several times greater average diameter, greater mass per unit area and greater air permeability value. P(3HB) nonwovens are, on average, seven times more susceptible to breakage, and their elongation at maximum force is more than 50 times smaller than that for PP nonwovens. Hydrolysis of P(3HB) nonwovens is faster in an alkaline than in a neutral medium, and the observed relationships led to the conclusion that, at the start, short chains are subject to hydrolysis. Analysis of the weight loss associated with the degradation in bioreactors showed that P(3HB) nonwovens are more susceptible to biodegradation under anaerobic than under aerobic conditions.
Post-course subjective outcome evaluation of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development for university students in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo investigate the perceived effects of a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development offered at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a 48-item Subjective Outcome Evaluation Scale was implemented on a sample of first-year undergraduate students (n=800) in the academic year of 2012–2013. Consistent with our expectation, factor analyses showed that there are three dimensions (program, instructor, and benefits) intrinsic to the scale. Similar to previous findings, results showed that students had positive perceptions about the subject content and teachers, and most of the students perceived the subject as beneficial to their holistic development. Both perceived qualities of the program and instructor were significant predictors of the perceived effectiveness of the program. Perceived qualities of the program, instructors, and benefits predicted students’ overall satisfaction with the program.
Post-lecture subjective outcome evaluation of a university subject on leadership and positive youth development in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Leung Hildie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPost-lecture subjective outcome evaluation findings of a university subject promoting the leadership qualities and positive youth development of students at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University are reported. Students were invited to respond to a 16-item post-lecture questionnaire gauging their perceptions toward the subject, lecture, and the teachers after each of the 13 lectures. Factor analysis demonstrated that three factors were abstracted from the scale, including subject attributes, lecture attributes, and teacher attributes. Normative findings showed that students had positive perceptions on each of the dimensions throughout the lectures. Multiple regression analyses revealed that subject attributes, lecture attributes, and teacher attributes predicted global evaluation of the lecture and teacher. Based on the subjective outcome evaluation findings, the present study provides further support for the effectiveness of this subject in promoting the holistic development of the students.
The students were happy, but did they change positively?
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Ma Cecilia M.S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAt The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, a 2-credit General Education subject entitled “Service Leadership” was developed to promote service leadership qualities (including leadership competencies, moral character, and caring disposition) in university students. The subject was piloted in one class with 60 students in the 2012/2013 academic year. Pretest and posttest data utilizing measures of positive youth development, life satisfaction, and service leadership qualities were collected. Positive changes in the program participants were found, particularly for measures in behavioral competence, moral competence, character strengths, general positive youth development qualities, and overall service leadership qualities. The present study provided preliminary support for the effectiveness of the subject in nurturing service leadership qualities of Chinese university students in Hong Kong.
Cell cycle checkpoints and pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection: a brief overview
Authors: Kurapati Kesava Rao V. , Samikkannu Thangavel , Atluri Venkata Subba Rao , Nair Madhavan P.N. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
To understand HIV pathogenesis or development is no simple undertaking and neither is the cell cycle which is highly complex that requires the coordination of multiple events and machinery. It is interesting that these two processes are interrelated, intersect and interact as HIV-1 infection results in cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase which is accompanied by massive CD4+ T cell death. For its own benefit, in an impressive manner and with the overabundance of tactics, HIV maneuvers DNA damage responses and cell cycle check points for viral replication at different stages from infection, to latency and to pathogenesis. Although the cell cycle is the most critical aspect involved in both viral and cellular replication, in this review, our main focus is on recent developments, including our own observations in the field of cell cycle proteins, checkpoints and strategies utilized by the viruses to manipulate these pathways to promote their own replication and survival. We will also discuss the emerging concept of targeting the replication initiation machinery for HIV therapy.
Short-term learning effect in different psychoacoustic measures
Authors: Fostick Leah , Wechsler Shira , Peretz Elisheva 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background: Learning effect has been studied in the literature, but the learning done in short-term training has not been studied. Also, to date, the learning effect of different psychoacoustic measures has not been compared. In the current study, we compared the perceptual learning effect caused by performing four different auditory temporal processing (ATP) tasks in a short-term training design including two training sessions.

Methods: A total of 74 young, normal-hearing participants each performed one of the following tasks: spectral temporal order judgment (TOJ), dichotic TOJ, gap detection, or duration discrimination. Each task was performed in two consecutive sessions.

Results: A learning effect was observed only for the spectral TOJ task. The change from the first to the second session was larger in spectral TOJ (81%) than in dichotic TOJ (2%), gap detection (7%), and duration discrimination (5%).

Conclusions: The difference in perceptual learning between spectral TOJ and other ATP tasks suggests that the performance of this task involves other cue(s) in addition to the temporal one.
Investigation of the mechanism of soft tissue conduction explains several perplexing auditory phenomena
Authors: Adelman Cahtia , Chordekar Shai , Perez Ronen , Sohmer Haim 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Soft tissue conduction (STC) is a recently expounded mode of auditory stimulation in which the clinical bone vibrator delivers auditory frequency vibratory stimuli to skin sites on the head, neck, and thorax. Investigation of the mechanism of STC stimulation has served as a platform for the elucidation of the mechanics of cochlear activation, in general, and to a better understanding of several perplexing auditory phenomena. This review demonstrates that it is likely that the cochlear hair cells can be directly activated at low sound intensities by the fluid pressures initiated in the cochlea; that the fetus in utero, completely enveloped in amniotic fluid, hears by STC; that a speaker hears his/her own voice by air conduction and by STC; and that pulsatile tinnitus is likely due to pulsatile turbulent blood flow producing fluid pressures that reach the cochlea through the soft tissues.
The mechanism of direct stimulation of the cochlea by vibrating the round window
Authors: Perez Ronen , Adelman Cahtia , Chordekar Shai , de Jong Marrigje A. , Sohmer Haim 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background: Active middle ear implants such as the vibrant sound bridge (VSB) have been placed on the round window (RW) in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss, with satisfactory hearing results. Several observations show that the mechanism of RW stimulation is not completely understood. The purpose of the present study was to compare different coupling procedures between the transducer and the RW in order to contribute to an understanding of the mechanism of RW stimulation.

Methods: Five fat sand rats underwent ablation of the left ear and opening of the right bulla, followed by baseline measurements of thresholds of auditory nerve brainstem evoked responses (ABR) to air and bone conduction click stimuli. Subsequently the malleus and incus were removed from the right middle ear, modeling a conductive hearing loss in which the VSB on the RW is indicated. In the next stage of the experiment, a rod attached to the bone vibrator was placed gently on the RW membrane and then on saline fluid applied to the RW niche. ABR thresholds were recorded following both placements.

Results: Mean baseline ABR threshold in response to air conduction stimuli was 48±4 dB; mean ABR threshold when the rod was placed on the dry RW membrane was 99±12 dB; mean ABR threshold when the rod was in the saline on RW niche was 79±7 dB.

Conclusions: ABR thresholds were better (lower) with stimulation of fluid on the RW membrane compared to direct stimulation of the RW, providing further evidence of a direct fluid pathway.
Long-term depression at distinct glutamatergic synapses in the basal ganglia
Authors: Dupuis Julien P. , Bioulac Bernard H. , Baufreton Jérôme 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLong-term adaptations of synaptic transmission are believed to be the cellular basis of information storage in the brain. In particular, long-term depression of excitatory neurotransmission has been under intense investigation since convergent lines of evidence support a crucial role for this process in learning and memory. Within the basal ganglia, a network of subcortical nuclei forming a key part of the extrapyramidal motor system, plasticity at excitatory synapses is essential to the regulation of motor, cognitive, and reward functions. The striatum, the main gateway of the basal ganglia, receives convergent excitatory inputs from cortical areas and transmits information to the network output structures and is a major site of activity-dependent plasticity. Indeed, long-term depression at cortico-striatal synapses modulates the transfer of information to basal ganglia output structures and affects voluntary movement execution. Cortico-striatal plasticity is thus considered as a cellular substrate for adaptive motor control. Downstream in this network, the subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra nuclei also receive glutamatergic innervation from the cortex and the subthalamic nucleus, respectively. Although these connections have been less investigated, recent studies have started to unravel the molecular mechanisms that contribute to adjustments in the strength of cortico-subthalamic and subthalamo-nigral transmissions, revealing that adaptations at these synapses governing the output of the network could also contribute to motor planning and execution. Here, we review our current understanding of long-term depression mechanisms at basal ganglia glutamatergic synapses and emphasize the common and unique plastic features observed at successive levels of the network in healthy and pathological conditions.