bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condition dependence and the maintenance of genetic variance in a sexually dimorphic black scavenger fly
Authors: Dmitriew C. , Blanckenhorn W. U. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe maintenance of genetic variation in traits under strong sexual selection is a longstanding problem in evolutionary biology. The genic capture model proposes that this problem can be explained by the evolution of condition dependence in exaggerated male traits. We tested the predictions that condition dependence should be more pronounced in male sexual traits and that genetic variance in expression of these traits should increase under stress as among‐genotype variation in overall condition is exposed. Genetic variance in female and nonsexual traits should, by contrast, be similar across environments as a result of stabilizing selection on trait expression. The relationship between the degree of sexual dimorphism, condition dependence and additive genetic variance (Va) was assessed for two morphological traits (body size and relative fore femur width) affecting male mating success in the black scavenger fly Sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae) and for development time (a nonsexual trait often correlated with body size). We compared trait expression between the sexes for two cross‐continental populations that differ in degree of sexual dimorphism (Ottawa and Zurich). Condition dependence was indeed most pronounced in males of the strongly dimorphic Zurich population (males larger), and Va was similar for males and females unless the trait was strongly sex specific and condition dependent. Contrary to prediction, however, Va primarily increased under food limitation in both sexes, and genetic variance in fore femur width was low to nil, perhaps depleted by putatively strong sexual selection. Solely for body size of Zurich males, Va increased more in males than females at limited food, in accordance with the predictions of the genic capture model. Overall therefore, quantitative genetic evidence in support of the model was inconsistent and weak at best.
Evolution of wing shape in hornets: why is the wing venation efficient for species identification?
Authors: Perrard A. , Baylac M. , Carpenter J. M. , Villemant C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWing venation has long been used for insect identification. Lately, the characterization of venation shape using geometric morphometrics has further improved the potential of using the wing for insect identification. However, external factors inducing variation in wing shape could obscure specific differences, preventing accurate discrimination of species in heterogeneous samples. Here, we show that interspecific difference is the main source of wing shape variation within social wasps. We found that a naive clustering of wing shape data from taxonomically and geographically heterogeneous samples of workers returned groups congruent with species. We also confirmed that individuals can be reliably attributed to their genus, species and populations on the basis of their wing shape. Our results suggested that the shape variation reflects the evolutionary history with a potential influence of other factors such as body shape, climate and mimicry selective pressures. However, the high dimensionality of wing shape variation may have prevented absolute convergences between the different species. Wing venation shape is thus a taxonomically relevant marker combining the accuracy of quantitative characters with the specificity required for identification criteria. This marker may also highlight adaptive processes that could help understand the wing's influence on insect flight.
Aggregate Jump and Volatility Risk in the Cross‐Section of Stock Returns
Authors: CREMERS MARTIJN , HALLING MICHAEL , WEINBAUM DAVID 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe examine the pricing of both aggregate jump and volatility risk in the cross‐section of stock returns by constructing investable option trading strategies that load on one factor but are orthogonal to the other. Both aggregate jump and volatility risk help explain variation in expected returns. Consistent with theory, stocks with high sensitivities to jump and volatility risk have low expected returns. Both can be measured separately and are important economically, with a two‐standard‐deviation increase in jump (volatility) factor loadings associated with a 3.5% to 5.1% (2.7% to 2.9%) drop in expected annual stock returns.
Outcome of infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with brain hypothermia
Authors: Tokuhisa Takuya , Ibara Satoshi , Minakami Hisanori , Maede Yoshinobu , Ishihara Chie , Matsui Takako 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine perinatal factors associated with cerebral palsy (CP) in infants treated with brain hypothermia (BHT).Material and MethodsWe carried out a retrospective review of 23 infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in whom BHT was applied within 6 h after birth. Outcome regarding the presence or absence of CP was assessed at the age of 18 months. Oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) was measured before, during and after BHT at the jugular sinus.ResultsThree infants died and 12 developed CP (poor outcome group). The remaining eight infants did not have CP at 18 months old (favorable outcome group). There were no differences in gestational age, birthweight, pH, base deficit, or lactate level between infants with favorable and poor outcomes. Infants with flat trace on electroencephalography on admission were less likely to have favorable outcome (0.0% [0/8] vs 53% [8/15], respectively, P = 0.02), while those with Apgar score at 10 min ≥5 (57% [8/14] vs 0.0% [0/9], P = 0.007) or ≥6 (70% [7/10] vs 7.7% [1/13], P = 0.002), OEF ≥ 13.3% during BHT (64% [7/11] vs 8.3% [1/12], P = 0.009), and OEF ≥ 18.5% after BHT (73% [8/11] vs 0.0% [0/12], P = 0.002) were more likely to have favorable outcome compared with those with counterpart characteristics.ConclusionInfants with an Apgar score at 10 min ≥5, activity on electroencephalography on admission, and higher OEF during and after BHT were likely to have a favorable outcome.
Ovarian steroid cell tumor, not otherwise specified: A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical experience of 12 cases
Authors: Haroon Saroona , Idrees Romana , Fatima Saira , Memon Aisha , Kayani Naila 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimOvarian steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified (SCT‐NOS) are very rare neoplasms. No large study has been performed in Pakistan to establish the clinicopathological spectrum and immunohistochemical behavior in our region. The purpose of our study was to determine the various clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of ovarian SCT‐NOS along with follow‐up in our institution.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study. The study was conducted in the Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. All reported cases of ovarian SCT‐NOS occurring during January 1992 to August 2013 were retrieved. The slides were reviewed and patient demographics, and clinical and pathological features were noted with proforma software. SPSS version 19 was used for all analyses. Data is expressed as absolute values and percentages.ResultsA total of 12 SCT‐NOS (2.3%) out of 528 ovarian sex cord stromal tumors were retrieved. The age range was 3–70 years, with mean of 40.75 years. The tumors ranged 2.5–13 cm in size, with a mean size of 6.1 cm. One patient had bilateral tumors. All of the tumors were positive for inhibin and calretinin. Four tumors were negative for Mic‐2 (CD99). In two patients, the tumor recurred. Only one patient who had worse pathological features received adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionSteroid cell tumors are very rare ovarian tumors in the Pakistani population, mostly presenting in adulthood. Diverse histological differentials exist so special stains and immunohistochemical stains are needed to distinguish these from other tumors.
Vaginal delivery in pregnancy with Moyamoya disease: Experience at a single institute
Authors: Tanaka Hiroaki , Katsuragi Shinji , Tanaka Kayo , Miyoshi Takekazu , Kamiya Chizuko , Iwanaga Naoko , Neki Reiko , Takahashi Jun C. , Ikeda Tomoaki , Yoshimatsu Jun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimCesarean section is commonly selected in pregnancy with Moyamoya disease. We consider vaginal delivery with epidural anesthesia a viable alternative in such cases.MethodsMode of delivery and outcomes were examined in 27 pregnancies in 19 women with Moyamoya disease treated at the Department of Perinatology, National Cardiovascular Center, Japan, from 1983 to 2013. Of these 27 pregnancies, 20 were delivered vaginally with epidural anesthesia. The cerebral circulation, mode of delivery, maternal outcome (presence of symptoms due to Moyamoya disease intrapartum) and neonatal outcome (gestational week, birthweight, Apgar score at 5 min and pH of umbilical artery) were investigated.ResultsThe cerebral circulation was judged to be good in all pregnancies. No symptoms due to Moyamoya disease intrapartum were seen in the vaginal delivery cases.ConclusionOur findings indicate that vaginal delivery is viable in pregnancy with Moyamoya disease and that unnecessary cesarean section may be avoided. These findings are limited by the retrospective nature of the study.
Uterine perforation in an adolescent using an intrauterine device with memory function: A case report and review of the published work
Authors: Tong Jin‐Yi , Sun Wen‐Chao , Li Juan , Jin Mei , Shen Xiu‐Zhen , Zhang Zhi‐Fen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntrauterine devices (IUD) are the most common method of reversible birth control used worldwide. Adolescents infrequently have uterine perforation caused by IUD, hampering both the diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report a case of uterine perforation in an 18‐year‐old primipara after insertion of an IUD that possessed memory function (AiMu MCu). The patient presented with vomiting and abdominal pain after insertion of an AiMu MCu IUD, was treated via laparoscopy and had a full recovery. The present case indicated that uterine perforation caused by an AiMu MCu IUD may occur as a rare complication and that uterine perforation can occur in an adolescent. Clinicians might consider a diagnosis of uterine perforation in an adolescent reporting vomiting and abdominal pain after IUD insertion. Laparoscopy could be a reasonable treatment option for such patients.
Switching from Femoral to Routine Radial Access Site for ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Single Center Experience
Authors: RUBARTELLI PAOLO , CRIMI GABRIELE , BARTOLINI DAVIDE , BELLOTTI SANDRO , IANNONE ALESSANDRO , FONTANA VINCENZO 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThis study sought to describe the change of first choice access site from transfemoral (TF) to transradial (TR) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in a single center.BackgroundTR‐pPCI, when performed by experienced operators, can reduce bleeding events and improve clinical outcome. However, little is known about the learning curve of TR‐pPCI and the results obtained by less experienced operators.MethodsTime to reperfusion, contrast and radiation doses, and 30‐day clinical events were evaluated. The relationship between operator experience and procedural results was assessed.ResultsDuring 6.5 years, 1,045 patients with STEMI underwent pPCI. The rate of TR‐pPCI increased gradually from about 40% to 90% and remained stable thereafter. The crossover from TR to TFpPCI occurred in 4.6% of patients and was not related to the operator experience. Patients selected for TR‐pPCI had a lower risk profile and lower incidence of 30‐day mortality and bleeding events. Time to reperfusion, contrast volume, fluoroscopy time, and angiographic success was not significantly different between the 2 vascular approaches, nor was it associated to the operator experience. At roughly 200 PCIs as operator experience, a slight adjusted reduction in the time form first coronary angiogram to balloon was detected with both vascular approaches.ConclusionsA progressive transition from TF to TR‐pPCI could be implemented over a 4‐year period without increasing overall treatment delay. The impact of operator experience on procedural results appeared to be modest and it did not differ in the study access groups.
Histologically Proven Radiation‐Induced Brainstem Glioma 93 Months After External Beam Radiotherapy for Pituitary Macroadenoma: Radiation Treatment Dose and Volume Correlation
Authors: Abboud Salim E. , Wolansky Leo J. , Manjila Sunil V. , Lo Simon S. , Arafah Baha M. , Selman Warren R. , Couce Marta E. , Rogers Lisa R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPatient is a 29‐year‐old with a history of recurrent growth hormone‐secreting pituitary macroadenoma diagnosed 12 years prior to presentation. Eight years prior to current presentation, the patient underwent re‐resection and received 50.4 Gy external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in 28 fractions of 1.8 Gy each. Serial postradiation MRIs demonstrated regression in pituitary tumor size. Patient presented with new headaches 7.5 years after completing EBRT. Brain MRI demonstrated new FLAIR hyperintensity and contrast enhancement within the pons and medulla, corresponding to the 36 Gy isodose line of each radiation dose fraction. Differential diagnosis included radiation necrosis and radiation‐induced glioma (RIG). The patient's neurologic exam worsened over the following 4 months. MRI showed progressive increase in mass effect, extent of FLAIR hyperintensity, and contrast enhancement in the brainstem. Stereotactic‐assisted biopsy showed infiltrating astrocytoma with moderate atypia. A PubMed search showed this is the first case of histologically verified brainstem RIG correlated with 3‐dimensional conformational radiation therapy dose and volume planning following EBRT for a pituitary adenoma. The rare occurrence of brainstem RIG after radiation therapy for pituitary tumor supports the need for long‐term imaging monitoring of such patients.
Understanding psychological contract breach due to labour costs reduction: Contingent upon employee sex and managerial control
Authors: Wei Xin , Ma Li , Zhang Zhi‐Xue , Showail Sammy J. , Jiao Jie , Wang Xiao 
Published: October 2014

Integrating the perspectives of psychological contract and sex differences, this study examines how organizational decision to reduce labour costs influences employees’ perceived psychological contract breach and their commitment to their organizations. Using two experiments, we found three‐way interaction effects among the decision to reduce labour costs, employee sex, and the managerial control over the decision. The decision of labour costs reduction leads to stronger feelings of psychological contract breach for females when the decision is in low than in high levels of managerial control, but the same decision leads to stronger psychological contract breach for males when the decision is in high than in low levels of managerial control. Furthermore, the indirect effect of labour costs reduction on employees’ organizational commitment through psychological contract breach is also contingent upon the interaction between employee sex and managerial control. Our findings expand the literature of psychological contract and shed light on timely practical issues of management's decisions regarding labour costs reduction.Practitioner points

Labour costs reductions in economic downturns lead to different responses from employees, and managers are advised to plan their actions bearing in mind such differences.

Management in crisis or difficulties calls for more delicate considerations of employees’ psychological feelings towards the organization.

Nuanced empirical evidence informs us about the different needs and responses of a diverse group of employees and how their responses contradict.
Disengaged or Bookworm: Academics, Mental Health, and Success for Sexual Minority Youth
Authors: Watson Ryan J. , Russell Stephen T. 
Published: October 2014

Same‐sex attracted youth (SSAY) experience higher rates of negative mental health outcomes compared with their heterosexual peers; however, the association between sexual minority status and academic achievement is less clear. We used four waves of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to compare 1,279 ethnically diverse SSAY (57% male) based on the degree to which they were “engaged” (65%) or “disengaged” (35%) in school, classified through cluster analysis techniques. The pattern of results indicated significantly better mental health among the engaged group one and 6 years later (e.g., fewer depressive symptoms, less alcohol use), and more occupational and educational achievement eleven years later. The implications of school connection and achievement across a decade of life are discussed.
Serum soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor as a screening test for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chounta Athina , Ellinas Christofer , Tzanetakou Vassiliki , Pliarhopoulou Fani , Mplani Virginia , Oikonomou Angelos , Leventogiannis Kostantinos , Giamarellos‐Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsEarly detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before imaging signs appear remains an unmet medical need. Former publications suggest that soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a non‐specific cancer marker. suPAR was validated for the detection of patients at risk for HCC.MethodsAfter an initial training set in 23 patients with extreme disease phenotypes, a prospective test set was conducted in which 267 patients without any imaging signs of HCC were followed up for 7 years. Patients were divided into low risk and high risk for the development of HCC by the EASL criteria. suPAR was measured at the beginning of follow‐up. All patients underwent liver biopsy to define staging of fibrosis. The primary study endpoint was to define a cut‐off among high‐risk patients by the EASL criteria that can early discriminate those at real risk for HCC.ResultsThe training set showed that suPAR was significantly greater in patients with HCC even in the absence of underlying cirrhosis compared with patients with minimal liver inflammation because of fatty deposition. The test set showed that among the high‐risk EASL subgroup, suPAR more than 9.56 ng/ml had sensitivity 76.0%, specificity 90.4%, positive predictive value 54.3% and negative predictive value 96.2% for the development of HCC (odds ratio: 29.88, P < 0.0001). In survival analysis, patients with suPAR above 9.56 ng/ml at baseline progressed earlier to HCC.ConclusionsThe specificity and negative predictive value make serum suPAR a potential screening tool for the early detection of HCC in patients with chronic liver disorders.
Early occurrence of new‐onset diabetes after transplantation is related to type of liver graft and warm ischaemic injury
Authors: Hartog Hermien , May Christine J.H. , Corbett Chris , Phillips Angela , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Mergental Hynek , Isaac John , Bramhall Simon , Mirza Darius F. , Muiesan Paolo , Perera M. Thamara P.R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsWe studied new‐onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) in liver transplantation with grafts donated after brain death (DBD) or circulatory death (DCD), focusing on the early post‐transplant period.MethodsA total of 430 non‐diabetic primary liver transplant recipients [DCD, n = 90 (21%)] were followed up for 30 months (range 5–69). NODAT was defined as the composite endpoint of one of following: (i) Two non‐fasting plasma glucose levels > 11.1 mmol/L ≥ 30 days apart, (ii) oral hypoglycaemic drugs ≥ 30 days consecutively (iii) insulin therapy ≥ 30 days and (iv) HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/L. Resolution of NODAT was defined as cessation of treatment or hyperglycaemia.ResultsTotal of 81/430 (19%) patients developed NODAT. Incidence and resolution of NODAT over time showed significantly different patterns between DCD and DBD liver graft recipients; early occurrence, high peak incidence and early resolution were seen in DCD. In multivariate logistic regression including age, ethnicity, HCV, tacrolimus level and pulsed steroids, only DCD was independently associated with NODAT at day 15 post‐transplant (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.3–18.4, P < 0.001), whereas age and pulsed steroids were significant factors between 30–90 days. Combined in multivariate Cox regression model for NODAT‐free survival, graft type, age and pulsed steroids were each independent predictor for decreased NODAT‐free survival in the first 90‐postoperative days.ConclusionEarly peak of NODAT in DCD graft recipients is a novel finding, occurring independently from known risk factors. Donor warm ischaemia and impact on insulin sensitivity should be further studied and could perhaps be associated with graft function.
Avoiding the Agreement Trap: Teams Facilitate Impasse in Negotiations with Negative Bargaining Zones
Authors: Cohen Taya R. , Leonardelli Geoffrey J. , Thompson Leigh 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe agreement trap occurs when negotiators reach deals that are inferior to their best alternative agreements. This article extends prior negotiation research by investigating whether teams display greater wisdom than solos in knowing when to walk away from the negotiating table and thereby avoid the agreement trap. Two experiments compared teams and solos in a negotiation in which reaching agreement was unwise because of misaligned interests. The negotiation involved a real estate transaction in which the optimal solution was for the parties to declare an impasse. Study 1 found that two‐ and three‐person teams were significantly more likely than solos to impasse. Study 2 found that the party faced with the greater need to make accurate judgments about the alignment between their own and their counterpart's interests benefited most from the addition of a teammate. These findings offer insight into why the agreement trap occurs and how it can be reduced.
Physical activity and risk of end‐stage kidney disease in the Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Jafar Tazeen Hasan , Jin Aizhen , Koh Woon‐Puay , Yuan Jian‐Min , Chow Khuan Yew 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between physical activity and risk of end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD).MethodsWe analysed data on a prospective cohort of 59 552 Chinese adults aged 45–74 years enrolled in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. Information on physical activity was collected with a structured questionnaire. Physically active individuals were defined as those who engaged in any moderate activities for 2 h or more per week and any strenuous activities 30 min or more per week. Incident ESKD was identified via record linkage with the Singapore Registry of Birth and Death and Singapore Renal Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression method was used for analysis for risk of incident ESKD alone or ESKD plus death associated with physical activity.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 15.3 years, a total of 642 incident ESKD occurred, and 9808 study participants died. A 24% lower adjusted risk of ESKD (hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% confidence interval: 0.62–0.93) was associated with moderate or strenuous physical activities compared with no regular physical activity. This association appeared to be dose dependent with the lowest risk for subjects at highest intensity of physical activity (P trend <0.003). Similar results were observed for risk of ESKD plus death.ConclusionHigher levels of physical activity are associated with lower risk of ESKD. Our findings highlight the role of physical activity for prevention of ESKD, which deserves further evaluation in intervention trials.