bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration dependence of biotransformation in fish liver S9: Optimizing substrate concentrations to estimate hepatic clearance for bioaccumulation assessment
Authors: Lo Justin C. , Allard Gayatri N. , Otton S.Victoria , Campbell David A. , Gobas Frank A.P.C. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

In vitro bioassays to estimate biotransformation rate constants of contaminants in fish are currently being investigated to improve bioaccumulation assessments of hydrophobic contaminants. The present study investigates the relationship between chemical substrate concentration and in vitro biotransformation rate of 4 environmental contaminants (9-methylanthracene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo[a]pyrene) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver S9 fractions and methods to determine maximum first-order biotransformation rate constants. Substrate depletion experiments using a series of initial substrate concentrations showed that in vitro biotransformation rates exhibit strong concentration dependence, consistent with a Michaelis–Menten kinetic model. The results indicate that depletion rate constants measured at initial substrate concentrations of 1 μM (a current convention) could underestimate the in vitro biotransformation potential and may cause bioconcentration factors to be overestimated if in vitro biotransformation rates are used to assess bioconcentration factors in fish. Depletion rate constants measured using thin-film sorbent dosing experiments were not statistically different from the maximum depletion rate constants derived using a series of solvent delivery–based depletion experiments for 3 of the 4 test chemicals. Multiple solvent delivery–based depletion experiments at a range of initial concentrations are recommended for determining the concentration dependence of in vitro biotransformation rates in fish liver fractions, whereas a single sorbent phase dosing experiment may be able to provide reasonable approximations of maximum depletion rates of very hydrophobic substances. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2782–2790. © 2015 SETAC
Introduction of a novel amino‐agarose (AAG) derivative as a fixed facilitated transport carrier to prepare newly asymmetric PES/AAG membranes for CO2 removal
Authors: Seidi Farzad , Salarabadi Mahsa Babaei , Saedi Shahab , Modadi Loghman , Shamsabadi Ahmad Arabi , Nikravesh Bahar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn the present study, a novel amino‐agarose (AAG) derivative was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Hydrogen–Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR). The prepared AAG derivative was introduced as a new polymeric additive by its blending with polyethersulfone (PES) in different ratios to fabricate newly integrally skinned PES/AAG membranes. The thermal gravimetric analysis of the prepared membranes revealed that presence of AAG additive improves the thermal stability of the PES membranes. Also, the changes in the membranes morphologies were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared membranes were used for separation of CO2 from a CO2/CH4 binary mixed gas, and the effects of feed pressure, temperature, and AAG concentration on the performance of the synthesized membranes were explored. The obtained results showed that presence of AAG derivative in PES membranes enhances the porosity of the prepared membranes so improves the selectivity of CO2/CH4. Generally, the performance of the PES membranes was improved by application of AAG additive as a fixed facilitated transport carrier. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
17P deleted multiple myeloma presenting with intracranial disease: durable remission after tailored management
Authors: Lee Joe , Smith Dean , Rabin Neil , Tobias Jeffrey , Yong Kwee 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn multiple myeloma (MM), del(17p) is associated with a poor outcome if present in greater than half the tumour cells. Similarly, intracranial involvement, often seen in the context of advanced disease, also heralds short survival. We present a rare case of MM presenting with intracranial disease and carrying del(17p) in 100% of tumour cells. This patient was successfully treated with combination chemotherapy employing central nervous system directed agents and bortezomib, followed by autologous stem cell transplant and consolidation with radiotherapy, bortezomib and thalidomide. We also present the outcomes of our single‐centre experience of MM patients presenting with del(17p) disease. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of alcohol on the recognition of facial expressions and microexpressions of emotion: enhanced recognition of disgust and contempt
Authors: Felisberti Fatima , Terry Philip 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThe study compared alcohol's effects on the recognition of briefly displayed facial expressions of emotion (so‐called microexpressions) with expressions presented for a longer period.MethodUsing a repeated‐measures design, we tested 18 participants three times (counterbalanced), after (i) a placebo drink, (ii) a low‐to‐moderate dose of alcohol (0.17 g/kg women; 0.20 g/kg men) and (iii) a moderate‐to‐high dose of alcohol (0.52 g/kg women; 0.60 g/kg men). On each session, participants were presented with stimuli representing six emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust and contempt) overlaid on a generic avatar in a six‐alternative forced‐choice paradigm. A neutral expression (1 s) preceded and followed a target expression presented for 200 ms (microexpressions) or 400 ms. Participants mouse clicked the correct answer.ResultsThe recognition of disgust was significantly better after the high dose of alcohol than after the low dose or placebo drinks at both durations of stimulus presentation. A similar profile of effects was found for the recognition of contempt. There were no effects on response latencies.ConclusionAlcohol can increase sensitivity to expressions of disgust and contempt. Such effects are not dependent on stimulus duration up to 400 ms and may reflect contextual modulation of alcohol's effects on emotion recognition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeted Deletion of Autophagy Genes Atg5 or Atg7 in the Chondrocytes Promotes Caspase-Dependent Cell Death and Leads to Mild Growth Retardation
Authors: Vuppalapati Karuna K , Bouderlique Thibault , Newton Phillip T , Kaminskyy Vitaliy O , Wehtje Henrik , Ohlsson Claes , Zhivotovsky Boris , Chagin Andrei S 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Longitudinal bone growth takes place in epiphyseal growth plates located in the ends of long bones. The growth plate consists of chondrocytes traversing from the undifferentiated (resting zone) to the terminally differentiated (hypertrophic zone) stage. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process of lysosome-dependent recycling of intracellular organelles and protein complexes. Autophagy is activated during nutritionally depleted or hypoxic conditions in order to facilitate cell survival. Chondrocytes in the middle of the growth plate are hypoxic and nutritionally depleted owing to the avascular nature of the growth plate. Accordingly, autophagy may facilitate their survival. To explore the role of autophagy in chondrocyte survival and constitutional bone growth, we generated mice with cartilage-specific ablation of either Atg5 (Atg5cKO) or Atg7 (Atg7cKO) by crossing Atg5 or Atg7 floxed mice with cartilage-specific collagen type 2 promoter–driven Cre. Both Atg5cKO and Atg7cKO mice showed growth retardation associated with enhanced chondrocyte cell death and decreased cell proliferation. Similarly, inhibition of autophagy by Bafilomycin A1 (Baf) or 3-methyladenine (3MA) promoted cell death in cultured slices of human growth plate tissue. To delineate the underlying mechanisms we employed ex vivo cultures of mouse metatarsal bones and RCJ3.IC5.18 rat chondrogenic cell line. Baf or 3MA impaired metatarsal bone growth associated with processing of caspase-3 and massive cell death. Similarly, treatment of RCJ3.IC5.18 chondrogenic cells by Baf also showed massive cell death and caspase-3 cleavage. This was associated with activation of caspase-9 and cytochrome C release. Altogether, our data suggest that autophagy is important for chondrocyte survival, and inhibition of this process leads to stunted growth and caspase-dependent death of chondrocytes. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Theoretical study of the DC and transient characteristics of a lateral Schottky barrier photodiode for application as high‐speed photodetector
Authors: Debbar Nacer 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a numerical characterization of a high‐speed high‐responsivity GaAs lateral Schottky barrier photodiode (LSBPD). The LSBPD is a planar structure composed of interdigitated Schottky barrier and ohmic contacts. A metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) structure with identical geometry is simulated for comparison. The dark characteristics are found identical for the two devices. Under illumination, the LSBPD exhibited significantly superior responsivity compared with the MSM, while maintaining comparatively similar response time and 3 dB bandwidths. The results of the study indicate conclusively that the lateral Schottky barrier photodiode can provide an excellent alternative to the standard MSM photodetectors for high‐speed optoelectronic applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐examining diversity as a double‐edged sword for innovation process
Authors: Zhan Siran , Bendapudi Namrita , Hong Ying‐yi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryExisting results on the relationship between ethno‐cultural diversity and innovation remain mixed. The authors argue that these inconsistencies were partly due to conceptual and empirical confusion regarding two aspects of ethno‐cultural diversity. By conceptually and empirically teasing apart these two aspects of diversity, the authors demonstrated that diversity arising from ethnic categorization (referred to as ethnic diversity) impairs innovation, while diversity arising from cultural distance (referred to as cultural diversity) enhances innovation, but only when ethnic polarization is low. Consistent with the National Innovation System perspective, the present study using country‐level data shows that structural innovation input positively contributes to innovation output. Furthermore, the authors found that ethnic diversity has a direct negative effect on innovation input, which in turn dampens innovation output. By contrast, cultural diversity has a direct positive effect on innovation output over and above the contribution of innovation input only when ethnic polarization is low. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surfaceome of classical Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hofmann Andreas , Thiesler Thore , Gerrits Bertran , Behnke Silvia , Sobotzki Nadine , Omasits Ulrich , Bausch‐Fluck Damaris , Bock Thomas , Aebersold Ruedi , Moch Holger , Tinguely Marianne , Wollscheid Bernd 
Published: June 2015

PurposeClassical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is characterized by a low percentage of tumor cells in a background of diverse, reactive immune cells. cHL cells commonly derive from preapoptotic germinal‐center B cells and are characterized by the loss of B‐cell markers and the varying expression of other hematopoietic lineage markers. This phenotypic variability and the scarcity of currently available cHL‐specific cell surface markers can prevent clear distinction of cHL from related lymphomas.Experimental designWe applied the cell surface capture technology to directly measure the pool of cell surface exposed proteins in four cHL and four non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines.ResultsMore than 1000 membrane proteins, including 178 cluster of differentiation annotated proteins, were identified and allowed the generation of lymphoma surfaceome maps. The functional properties of identified cell surface proteins enable, but also limit the information exchange of lymphoma cells with their microenvironment.Conclusion and clinical relevanceSelected candidate proteins with potential diagnostic value were evaluated on a tissue microarray (TMA). Primary lymphoma tissues of 126 different B cell‐derived lymphoma cases were included in the TMA analysis. The TMA analysis indicated gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase 1 as a potential additional marker that can be included in a panel of markers for differential diagnosis of cHL versus NHL.
Himalayan Cambrian brachiopods
Authors: Popov Leonid E. , Holmer Lars E. , Hughes Nigel C. , Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Myrow Paul M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA synoptic analysis of previously published material and new finds reveals that Himalayan Cambrian brachiopods can be referred to 18 genera, of which 17 are considered herein. These contain 20 taxa assigned to species, of which five are new: Eohadrotreta haydeni, Aphelotreta khemangarensis, Hadrotreta timchristiorum, Prototreta? sumnaensis and Amictocracens? brocki. Well‐preserved topotype material from the classic Parahio Valley section is described for three species that have not previously been illustrated photographically. A biostratigraphical scheme based on Cambrian brachiopod occurrence is integrated with that recently proposed for trilobites. Regional correlations based on shared taxa within and across Himalayan lithotectonic belts demonstrate that erosion of Cambrian rocks in the Kurgiakh orogeny in the Parahio Valley removed little of the Parahio Formation and that all of the fossil‐bearing lithotectonic zones share similar late early Cambrian brachiopods, suggesting regional faunal continuity at the time. Palaeobiogeographical analysis of the Cambrian brachiopod faunas from the Himalaya shows that they occupied a marginal position of the Australasian segment of Gondwana.
Glasfassaden – Konvergenz der Gewerke?
Authors: Heusler Winfried 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKonvergenz, das Zusammenwachsen von Branchen und das Verschwimmen der bisher klar umrissenen Grenzen, innerhalb derer sich einzelne Unternehmen bisher positionierten, ist auch bei Glasfassaden im Vormarsch. Durch einen modularen Aufbau der Fassade mit integrierten, skalierbaren Funktionsgruppen lassen sich projektspezifische Lösungen effizienter und qualitativ hochwertiger planen sowie ausführen. Die Grundlage bilden optimierte Schnittstellen zwischen den Funktionsgruppen. Hilfreich sind Systembaukästen mit serienübergreifenden Funktionsprinzipien und Gleichteilen, systemspezifischen Konstruktionsmerkmalen sowie typischen Füge‐ sowie Anschlusstechniken. Je interoperabler die Bauteile sind, desto geringer ist der Aufwand zur Integration.Adaptive Glass Facades – Convergence of trades? Convergence (as in) the merging of trades and the blurring of existing lines, within which single enterprises used to position themselves, is on the rise. This is applicable to glass fronts as well. By building a façade modularly with integrated and scalable functional groups, project specific solutions can be planned and executed more efficiently and with a higher quality. The foundation for this is an optimized cooperation between the functional modules. Modular systems with functional principles and COPs (carry over parts) across all series, system‐specific construction characteristics and typical joining and connection technologies are advantageous for that purpose. More interoperable building elements lead to a smaller integration effort.
Teehaus am Timmendorfer Strand
Authors: Siebert Barbara , Pistora Arthur 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDas Teehaus steht quasi in der Ostsee, und ist nur über einen Steg zu erreichen. Entsprechend groß sind die Einflüsse infolge starkem Wind und Seewasser, die bei der Planung diverser Gebäudeteile beachtet werden mussten. Es kamen großflächige Fassadenscheiben – auch absturzsichernd, eine begehbare Scheibe im Inneren aus einer Isolierverglasung – nur knapp über der Wasseroberfläche, Brüstungsverglasungen im Inneren und ein nachträglich errichteter Windschutz im Terrassenbereich zur Ausführung. Auf Besonderheiten bei der Planung und Berechnung der Glasbauteile sowie die baurechtlichen Hintergründe bei diesem außergewöhnlichen Projekt soll in diesem Beitrag näher eingegangen werden.Teahouse on “Timmendorfer Strand”. The Teahouse is situated in the Baltic Sea, only accessible over a pedestrian bridge. The impacts of wind and seawater on the building are very high; this had to be taken into account during design of the building and the transparent parts: Large Façade Areas, also with function as anti drop device, accessible glassing – scarcely above the water surface, railings inside and a wind protection outside are all made of glass. In this paper aspects of design and analysis are presented.
Aktueller Stand der Glasnormung
Authors: Siebert Geralt 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIm Vergleich zu anderen Werkstoffen wie Mauerwerk oder Stahl ist der Glasbau relativ jung. Um ausreichende Sicherheit einfach gewährleisten zu können, wurde für die zunehmenden Anwendungsgebiete entsprechende Regeln für Bemessung und Konstruktion erarbeitet. Die Technischen Regeln werden aktuell durch die in der bauaufsichtlichen Einführung befindlichen DIN 18008 abgelöst. Damit existieren auch für die Bemessung von Glaskonstruktionen Regeln entsprechend des aktuell verbindlichen Bemessungskonzepts mit Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten. Die Erfahrungen aus der nationalen Normungsarbeit sollen auch für die entsprechenden Arbeiten auf europäischer Ebene genutzt werden.The current state of glass standardization. Compared to other, traditional building materials like masonry or steel glass can be regarded as new material. Of course sufficient safety has to be guaranteed also for structures made of glass, so appropriate design rules have been developed. At the moment the so called Technical Rules are drawn back and replaced by DIN 18008; the list of mandatory building codes was recently updated. With DIN 18008 also for the design of glass structures a code following the modern principle of partial safety factors like defined in Eurocode does exist. Experience and knowledge gained in terms of developing national design rules can be used for comparable work on European level.
Stabilitätsverhalten von Kragträgern aus Verbundsicherheitsglas
Authors: Silvestru Vlad Alexandru , Englhardt Oliver 
Published: June 2015

AbstractKragträger aus Verbundsicherheitsglas, wie sie bei transparenten Fassaden in der Form von hängenden Glasfinnen eingesetzt werden, sind aufgrund ihrer Schlankheit, der produktionsspezifischen Imperfektionen und der auftretenden Belastungen kippgefährdet. Numerische und analytische Modelle, die für das Stabilitätsverhalten von Einfeldträger aus Glas bereits in der Fachliteratur vorhanden sind, werden für Kragträger untersucht und erweitert. Zusätzlich wird, ausgehend von praxisüblichen konstruktiven Ausführungen, der Einfluss der Einspannung unter Berücksichtigung weicher Zwischenschichtmaterialien wie Thermoplasten oder Kunstharzmörtel analysiert.Stability behaviour of cantilevered beams made of laminated safety glass. Cantilevered beams made of laminated safety glass, as they are used for transparent facades in the form of suspended glass fins, are susceptible to lateral torsional buckling due to their slenderness, imperfections caused by production and the occurring loading. Numerical and analytical models, which already exist for the buckling behaviour of single‐span beams made of glass, are analysed and extended for cantilevered beams. Additionally, the influence of the clamped support, by considering the softer intermediate materials like thermoplastics or resin‐based grouts, is investigated based on connection details from practice.
Verglasungsregeln
Authors: Elstner Michael , Lunau Swantje , Wiegand Lutz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie fachgerechte Auflagerung von Mehrscheiben‐Isolierglas ist die Basis für eine dauerhafte Funktionalität der gesamten Verglasung. Lange Zeit oblag dieses Thema ausschließlich der Erfahrung und Gewissenhaftigkeit der ausführenden Handwerker und Monteure. Bis heute ist die Basis für die Klotzung eine handwerkliche Regel. Sie ist sowohl Bestandteil der Ausschreibungen als auch der Montage der einzelnen Elemente. Zukünftig werden die Vorgaben für die Klotzung in einer europäischen Norm geregelt. Mit immer schwereren, größeren und auch anspruchsvolleren Glaseinheiten erhöhen sich auch die Anforderungen an die Klotzung. Ein rechnerischer Nachweis der Lastabtragung wurde im Rahmen der Erarbeitung des Norm‐Entwurfes von der deutschen Arbeitsgruppe diskutiert. Ein erster Ansatz hierfür soll vorgestellt werden. Darüber hinaus werden in diesem Beitrag die Struktur und die wesentlichen Anforderungen und Unterschiede gegenüber nationalen Vorgaben beschrieben.Rules for Glazing. The foundation for the continued good functioning of the entire glazing structure over the long term is the professional and technically competent placing of the insulating glass units. For a long time this aspect of the glazing work was entrusted solely to the conscientiousness and the acquired experience of the craftsmen and the workmen carrying out the work. Right up to the present, the basis for procedures for blocking has been provided simply by the recognized rules of good craftsmanship applying in the case. The basis formed by these rules has generally formed both a component element specifications and also of instructions for the assembly of the individual elements. In future, however, precise specifications for blocking will be established in an official European Standard. As glazing units become heavier, larger and also designed to bear greater and greater loads and stresses, requirements placed on setting and location blocks are also becoming stricter. Procedures for a general calculated verification of load distribution were discussed by the German working group as part of the process of drawing up a draft for this European Standard and an outline of an initial approach to such calculated verification is presented here. In addition, this contribution discusses structural issues as well as the most important requirements under the European Standard; it also outlines the differences between these latter and the specifications established by domestic German rules and regulations.