bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Synthesis of Tripyrranes, Tetrapyrranes, and Corroles
Authors: Aydin Gokcen , Temelli Baris , Unaleroglu Canan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new, catalytic, and general methodology was developed for the direct synthesis of unsymmetrical AB‐type tripyrranes by reaction of dipyrromethanesulfonamides with pyrrole. Key structure dipyrromethanesulfonamides were synthesized by the addition of meso‐substituted dipyrromethanes to Cu(OTf)2‐activated tosylimines. The introduced method enables selective preparation of tetrapyrranes in high yields by tuning the conditions of the addition reaction. The oxidation of tetrapyrranes by 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone afforded only corresponding A3‐ and trans‐A2B‐corroles.
Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Biochar for Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Paraquat
Authors: Kalinke Cristiane , Mangrich Antonio S. , Marcolino‐Junior Luiz H. , Bergamini Márcio F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present work reports for the first time the determination of paraquat (PQ2+) by Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (DPAdSV) using a carbon paste electrode modified (CPME) with biochar obtained from castor oil cake at different temperatures (200–600 °C). The best voltammetric response was verified using biochar yielded at 400 °C (CPME‐BC400). Linear dynamic range (LDR) for PQ2+ concentrations between 3.0×10−8 and 1.0×10−6 mol L−1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.5×10−9 mol L−1 were verified. The method was successfully applied for PQ2+ quantification in spiked samples of natural water and coconut water.
Overcoming the Problem of Electrical Contact to Solar Cells Fabricated using Selective‐Area Silicon Nanopillars by Cesium Chloride Self‐Assembly Lithography as Antireflective Layer
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhang Xinshuai , Sun Gangjie , Wang Yuting , Wang Bo , Zhang Tianchong , Yi Futing , Chen Feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSelective‐area nanopillar‐textured solar cells were fabricated by using a convenient method to overcome the problem of metal contacts on the nanopillars surfaces. A Ti/Ag electrode layer was deposited onto the planar surface after phosphorous doping, and then the nanopillars were fabricated on the surface by using cesium chloride (CsCl) self‐assembly lithography. With this method, nanopillars of approximately 150 nm average diameter and heights from 120 to 480 nm [corresponding inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching time from 15 to 75 s] were fabricated on silicon surface as an antireflection layer. Compared with the solar cell with nanopillar arrays covering the entire front surface, the selective‐area nanopillars device exhibited better electrode contacts, and consequently better performance: the photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) improved from 12.38 to 15.58 %. The heights of the nanopillars also had a significant effect on the PCE of the solar cells, for which the nanopillars of 240 nm height produced the solar cell with the best performance.
Sequencing and de novo draft assemblies of a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reference genome
Authors: Burns Frank R. , Cogburn Amarin L. , Ankley Gerald T. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Waits Eric , Chang Yun-Juan , Llaca Victor , Deschamps Stephane D. , Jackson Raymond E. , Hoke Robert Alan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to provide the foundation for development of genome-scale resources for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), an important model organism widely used in both aquatic toxicology research and regulatory testing. The authors report on the first sequencing and 2 draft assemblies for the reference genome of this species. Approximately 120× sequence coverage was achieved via Illumina sequencing of a combination of paired-end, mate-pair, and fosmid libraries. Evaluation and comparison of these assemblies demonstrate that they are of sufficient quality to be useful for genome-enabled studies, with 418 of 458 (91%) conserved eukaryotic genes mapping to at least 1 of the assemblies. In addition to its immediate utility, the present work provides a strong foundation on which to build further refinements of a reference genome for the fathead minnow. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:212–217. © 2015 SETAC
Transport Properties, Local Coordination, and Thermal Stability of the Water/Diethylmethylammonium Methanesulfonate Binary System
Authors: Yaghini N. , Garaga M. N. , Martinelli A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmmonium based protic ionic liquids are highlighted for their great potential to sustain proton transport in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Yet, there remain questions concerning the effect of water produced by the fuel cell at the cathode side on the performance of the ionic liquid. In this contribution we report the effect of water on the transport properties and the local coordination in the binary system of the protic ionic liquid diethylmethylammonium methanesulfonate ([DEMA][OMs]) and water, employing 1H NMR, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. We observe that the self‐diffusion of cations and anions increases with the water content and that cations and anions diffuse at the same rate at all concentrations investigated. 1H NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, on the other hand, indicate that added water interacts primarily with the anion and slightly affects the ionicity of the ionic liquid. In addition, by investigating the thermal stability of the binary system we find that although [DEMA][OMs] displays a continuous loss of water upon increasing temperature a fraction of water molecules can be retained even above 120 °C, and that the complete loss of water is immediately followed by decomposition, which is observed to occur at about 185 °C.
Metallic Bipolar Plates for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Alnegren P. , Grolig J. G. , Ekberg J. , Göransson G. , Svensson J.‐E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHigh temperature polymer membrane fuel cells (HTPEMFCs) are promising devices for future mobile applications. To minimize phosphoric acid migration from the membranes and to reduce the total stack weight and size metallic bipolar plates are a promising alternative. So far only very few published results are available on the use of metallic bipolar plates in HTPEMFCs. During this work a single test cell was equipped with metallic endplates to investigate the possibility of using metallic bipolar plates in HTPEMFC stacks. Furthermore we tried to simulate the environments present in an HTPEMFC by furnace exposures in an attempt to develop a simplified test method for accelerated corrosion of bipolar plate materials. It was found that the performance of the HTPEM test cell decreased by about 15 µV h−1. More corrosion products were seen on the cathode side samples, whereas on the anode side sample the corrosion attack of the steel was more severe. These results were successfully replicated in simulated furnace experiments.
Distribution of single wall carbon nanotubes in the Xenopus laevis embryo after microinjection
Authors: Holt Brian D. , Shawky Joseph H. , Dahl Kris Noel , Davidson Lance A. , Islam Mohammad F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSingle wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are advanced materials with the potential for a myriad of diverse applications, including biological technologies and large‐scale usage with the potential for environmental impacts. SWCNTs have been exposed to developing organisms to determine their effects on embryogenesis, and results have been inconsistent arising, in part, from differing material quality, dispersion status, material size, impurity from catalysts and stability. For this study, we utilized highly purified SWCNT samples with short, uniform lengths (145 ± 17 nm) well dispersed in solution. To test high exposure doses, we microinjected > 500 µg ml–1 SWCNT concentrations into the well‐established embryogenesis model, Xenopus laevis, and determined embryo compatibility and subcellular localization during development. SWCNTs localized within cellular progeny of the microinjected cells, but were heterogeneously distributed throughout the target‐injected tissue. Co‐registering unique Raman spectral intensity of SWCNTs with images of fluorescently labeled subcellular compartments demonstrated that even at regions of highest SWCNT concentration, there were no gross alterations to subcellular microstructures, including filamentous actin, endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles. Furthermore, SWCNTs did not aggregate and localized to the perinuclear subcellular region. Combined, these results suggest that purified and dispersed SWCNTs are not toxic to X. laevis animal cap ectoderm and may be suitable candidate materials for biological applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Falsely Elevated Glucose Concentrations in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Using Icodextrin
Authors: Dogan Kübra , Kayalp Damla , Ceylan Gözde , Azak Alper , Senes Mehmet , Duranay Murat , Yucel Dogan 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is used as an alternative to hemodialysis in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). Icodextrin has been used as a hyperosmotic agent in PD. The aim of the study was to assess two different point‐of‐care testing (POCT) glucose strips, affected and not affected by icodextrin, with serum glucose concentrations of the patients using and not using icodextrin.MethodsFifty‐two chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients using icodextrin (Extraneal®) and 20 CAPD patients using another hyperosmotic fluid (Dianeal®) were included in the study. Duplicate capillary and serum glucose concentrations were measured with two different POCT glucose strips and central laboratory hexokinase method. Assay principles of glucose strips were based on glucose dehydrogenase–pyrroloquinoline quinone (GDH‐PQQ) and a mutant variant of GDH (Mut Q‐GDH). The results of both strips were compared with those of hexokinase method.ResultsRegression equations between POCT and hexokinase methods in icodextrin group were y = 2.55x + 1.12 mmol/l and y = 1.057x + 0.16 mmol/l for the GDH‐PQQ and Mut Q‐GDH methods, respectively. The mean difference between the results of hexokinase and those of GDH‐PQQ and Mut Q‐GDH in icodextrin group was 3.41 ± 1.56 and 0.72 ± 0.64 mmol/l, respectively. However, the mean differences were found much lower in the control group; 0.64 mmol/l for GDH‐PQQ and 0.52 mmol/l for Mut Q‐GDH.ConclusionCompared to GDH‐PQQ, glucose strips of Mut Q‐GDH correlated better with hexokinase method in PD patients using icodextrin.
Hypoxic‐ischemic gene expression profile in the isolated variant of biliary atresia
Authors: Fratta Leila Xavier Sinigaglia , Hoss Giovana Regina Weber , Longo Larisse , Uribe‐Cruz Carolina , da Silveira Themis Reverbel , Vieira Sandra Maria Gonçalves , Kieling Carlos Oscar , dos Santos Jorge Luiz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) includes a sclerosing cholangiopathy whose nature is not fully deciphered. Aiming to evaluate the role of an arteriopathy as an etiologic factor in BA, we investigated hypoxia and the correlated angiogenic response in livers from affected patients.MethodsGene expression of the molecular axis: hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)1a, HIF2a and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)/VEGFR1, VEGFR2. Liver biopsy specimens collected at exploratory laparotomy of age‐matched patients with isolated, cytomegalovirus IgM‐negative BA (n = 32) and intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC, n = 9) were evaluated.ResultsWe observed higher HIF1a and HIF2a expression in BA than in IHC. Paradoxically, VEGFR2, the main target of VEGFA‐induced angiogenesis, was underexpressed in BA, and VEGFA was decreased in most BA patients. Patients with the highest expression of HIFs and the lowest VEGFA and VEGFR2 were essentially the same, indicating hypoxia without the necessary angiogenesis. This group included most BA patients and, except for HIF2a, they were older and presented increased bilirubin serum levels. In the highest HIF2a/lowest VEGFR2 subsets, gene expression of the cytokeratin 19, marker of cholangiocyte phenotype, was decreased.ConclusionThis study suggests that hypoxia‐ischemia is present in the livers of patients with BA, progresses over time and leads to a decreased cholangiocyte mass.
Allegheny woodrat hard mast preference and response to food supplementation
Authors: Smyser Timothy J. , Blythe Rita M. , Johnson Scott A. , Lichti Nathanael I. , Swihart Robert K. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTRange‐wide declines of the Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) have been attributed, in part, to reductions in mast associated with extirpation of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) and transition to oak (Quercus)‐dominated forests prone to periodic mast failure. Chestnuts produce mast more consistently than oaks; hence, efforts to restore a blight‐resistant hybrid chestnut may facilitate woodrat recovery. Our goal was to describe the implications of chestnut restoration for imperiled Allegheny woodrat populations. Our objectives were to evaluate woodrat preferences for American chestnuts, blight‐resistant hybrid chestnuts, and other hard mast items and to describe the response of woodrats to artificial increases in mast availability. From 2011 to 2013, we conducted a series of cafeteria‐style experiments among woodrat populations in southern Indiana in which we used remote cameras to quantify woodrat preferences for various mast items. Additionally, we introduced an abundance of mast into occupied den sites and evaluated differences in apparent survival, apparent recruitment, population growth rate, and body mass between mast‐supplemented and control populations. Discrete choice modeling revealed that woodrats preferentially removed northern red oak (Q. rubra) and black oak (Q. velutina) acorns over chestnuts and other seed types (i.e., hickories [Genus spp.], walnuts [Genus spp.]). Further, woodrats preferred American over hybrid chestnuts, suggesting that these seeds were not perceived as equivalent food resources. Apparent survival, apparent recruitment, population growth rate, and body mass did not differ between supplemented and control populations. Although chestnuts, as annually consistent mast producers, may benefit woodrat populations by reducing the risk of complete mast failure, our results suggest that the restoration of chestnut mast is unlikely to benefit woodrat populations during years of abundant acorn production. Accordingly, managers should foster a diverse and abundant oak community to ensure sufficient acorn resources are available to sustain woodrat populations as chestnut restoration efforts progress. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Assessing site occupancy of Mohave ground squirrels: Implications for conservation
Authors: Kotschwar Logan Mary 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTo better understand the distribution and habitat relationships of the Mohave ground squirrel (Xerospermophilus mohavensis), a California state threatened species, I investigated site occupancy of squirrels using remote‐sensing wildlife cameras (i.e., camera traps). In 2012, I conducted camera trap surveys at 96 randomly selected sites within and adjacent to the Desert Tortoise Research Natural Area, in the western Mojave Desert, California. In 1,105 camera trap days, there were 91 detections of squirrels at 30 out of 96 sites. I used single‐season, single‐species occupancy models to explore several survey and site variables hypothesized to influence detection probability (p) and site occupancy (ψ) of the species. Detection probability of squirrels varied with survey date and between 2 study areas, peaking in early April (p = 0.23, SE = 0.05 and p = 0.13, SE = 0.05, respectively) but decreasing approximately 4‐fold by the end of the study season in mid‐May. Site occupancy was positively related to the length of ephemeral stream channel(s) within a site, increasing from 0.24 (SE = 0.07) to 0.89 (SE = 0.10) with the range of stream channel lengths observed. Vegetation transects conducted at the study sites in 2014 indicated higher percent canopy cover, species richness, and diversity of perennial shrubs along ephemeral stream channels than in the surrounding upland habitat. This study provides the first estimates of site occupancy and detection probability of Mohave ground squirrels using the non‐invasive method of camera trapping. The findings have implications for design and timing of future studies, and highlight the importance of protecting ephemeral stream channels for Mohave ground squirrel conservation. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Evaluation of embouchure dysfunction: Experience of 139 patients at a single center
Authors: Termsarasab Pichet , Frucht Steven J. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisOur aims are to 1) illustrate the complexity and phenomenological richness of the embouchure; 2) delineate the main clinical features of non‐dystonic embouchure problems (NED) versus embouchure dystonia (ED); and 3) provide a practical framework for physicians who may encounter a patient with embouchure dysfunction.Study DesignWe performed retrospective chart and video review and report 139 instrumentalists with embouchure dysfunction evaluated over a 15‐year period.ResultsIncluded in this group are 109 ED patients (20 newly reported and 89 previously published) and 30 NED patients. Non‐dystonic embouchure problems included the overuse syndrome, infraorbital neuropathy, and orbicularis oris tears, among others.ConclusionsBased on this experience, the largest series presented to date, we propose a practical guide to help evaluate patients with embouchure dysfunction in the office.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1327–1333, 2016
The prognostic role of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin overexpression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Greco Antonio , De Virgilio Armando , Rizzo Maria Ida , Pandolfi Fabio , Rosati Davide , de Vincentiis Marco 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisEpithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) consists of a rapid and reversible change in the cellular phenotype toward the mesenchymal cell phenotype that facilitates cell migration and invasion of the tumor into surrounding tissues followed by metastasis. In the present study, we sought to determine the clinical significance of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, β‐catenin, α‐catenin, γ‐catenin, caveolin‐1, and vimentin in a cohort of patients with stage I to IVA laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) treated with surgery with or without adjuvant therapy using immunohistochemical analyses.Study DesignIndividual retrospective cohort study.MethodsE‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, β‐catenin, α‐catenin, γ‐catenin, caveolin‐1, and vimentin immunohistochemical expression were evaluated in a cohort of 82 patients with stages I to IVA LSCC. The Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables, and the Mann‐Whitney test where appropriate for continuous variables. Survival comparisons was performed using the log‐rank test. A multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model was performed and considered all EMT markers.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, T stage was an independent risk factor for adverse disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) (P = .025 and .019, respectively). Cytoplasmic β‐catenin overexpression was independently associated with a longer DSS (P = .0007), and E‐cadherin overexpression was found to be an independent risk factor for poor OS (P = .030).ConclusionsE‐cadherin and β‐catenin pathways could represent future therapeutic targets in the treatment of LSCC. However, validation of our results in prospective cohorts of patients with LSCCs is required before their clinical implementation.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E148–E155, 2016
Carbon Sequestration in Restored Soils by Applying Organic Amendments
Authors: del Mar Montiel‐Rozas María , Panettieri Marco , Madejón Paula , Madejón Engracia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe study of different natural carbon sinks has become especially important because of climate change effects. The restoration of contaminated areas can be an ideal strategy for carbon sequestration. The studied area was affected by toxic Aznalcóllar mine spill in 1998. Restoration process of the contaminated area was based, mainly, on the use of two organic amendments: leonardite (LE) and biosolid compost (BC). The objective of this study was to verify whether the application of these amendments promotes the long‐term carbon sequestration in this soil. Five treatments were established: untreated control, biosolid compost (doses 4 and 2) and leonardite (doses 4 and 2). The addition of amendments implied an improvement in soil quality that was directly related to the amendment dose: decrease in bulk density, increase in pH, higher respiration rates and an improvement in the stratification ratio. Dose‐dependent changes in the molecular composition of soil organic matter were shown by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Both amendments promoted carbon retention, although because of the low mineralization rates of soil organic matter in LE treatments, the carbon storage was higher. The dosage effect on the carbon balance was more important in LE treatments, whereas in the BC treatments, the balance was similar for both doses. Our findings suggest that LE4 significantly increased the total organic carbon and it was the most suitable treatment for long‐term carbon storage, because of its molecular composition rich in relatively stable aromatic and lignin‐derived compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatio‐temporal variability of lake CH4 fluxes and its influence on annual whole lake emission estimates
Authors: Natchimuthu Sivakiruthika , Sundgren Ingrid , Gålfalk Magnus , Klemedtsson Leif , Crill Patrick , Danielsson Åsa , Bastviken David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLakes are major sources of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere that contribute significantly to the global budget. Recent studies have shown that diffusive fluxes, ebullition and surface water CH4 concentrations can differ significantly within lakes—spatially and temporally. CH4 fluxes may be affected at longer scales in response to seasons, temperature, lake mixing events, short term weather events like pressure variations, shifting winds and diel cycles. Frequent measurements of fluxes in the same system and integrated assessments of the impacts of the spatio‐temporal variability are rare. Thereby, large scale assessments frequently lack information on this variability which can potentially lead to biased estimates. In this study, we analysed the variability of CH4 fluxes and surface water CH4 concentrations across open water areas of lakes in a small catchment in southwest Sweden over two annual cycles. Significant patterns in CH4 concentrations, diffusive fluxes, ebullition and total fluxes were observed in space (between and within lakes) and in time (over diel cycles to years). Differences observed among the lakes can be associated with lake characteristics. The spatial variability within lakes was linked to depth or distance to stream inlets. Temporal variability was observed at diel to seasonal scales and was influenced by weather events. The fluxes increased exponentially with temperature in all three lakes, with stronger temperature dependence with decreasing depth. By comparing subsets of our data with estimates using all data we show that considering the spatio‐temporal variability in CH4 fluxes is critical when making whole lake or annual budgets.