bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ribosome Biogenesis and Cancer: Insights into NOB1 and PNO1 Mechanisms
Authors: Ragunath Muthu , Shen Aling , Wei Lin , Peng Jun , Thiruvengadam Muthu 
Published: August 2024

:
Post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) are pivotal in the regulation of gene expression, and pseudouridylation
is emerging as a critical player. This modification, facilitated by enzymes such as NOB1 (PNO1),
is integral to ribosome biogenesis. PNO1, in collaboration with the NIN1/RPN12 binding protein 1 homolog
(NOB1), is vital for the maturation of ribosomes, transitioning 20S pre-rRNA into functional 18S rRNA.
Recent studies have highlighted PNO1's potential involvement in cancer progression; however, its underlying
mechanisms remain unclear. Relentless growth characterizing cancer underscores the burgeoning significance
of epitranscriptomic modifications, including pseudouridylation, in oncogenesis. Given PNO1's emerging
role, it is imperative to delineate its contribution to cancer development to identify novel therapeutic interventions.
This review summarizes the current literature regarding the role of PNO1 in cancer progression and
its molecular underpinnings in oncogenesis. Overexpression of PNO1 was associated with unfavorable prognosis
and increased tumor malignancy. At the molecular level, PNO1 facilitates cancer progression by modulating
mRNA stability, alternative splicing, and translation efficiency. Its role in pseudouridylation of oncogenic
and tumor-suppressor transcripts further underscores its significance in cancer biology. Although disruption of
ribosome biogenesis is known to precipitate oncogenesis, the precise mechanisms by which these alterations
contribute to cancer remain unclear. This review elucidates the intricate process of ribosomal small subunit maturation,
highlighting the roles of crucial ribosomal proteins (RPs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as well
as the positioning and function of NOB1 and PNO1 within the 40S subunit. The involvement of these components
in the maturation of the small subunit (SSU) and their significance in the context of cancer therapeutics
has been thoroughly explored. PNO1's burgeoning significance in oncology makes it a potential target for cancer
therapies. Strategies aimed at modulating PNO1-mediated pseudouridylation may provide new avenues for
cancer treatment. However, further research is essential to unravel the complete spectrum of PNO1 mechanisms
in cancer and harness this knowledge for the development of targeted and more efficacious anticancer
therapies.
Comparison of Microwave-assisted Synthesis and Steglich Thioesterification for the Modification of Nanotubes
Authors: Aslan Mehmet , Çalışır Ümit , Çiçek Baki 
Published: August 2024

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Organo-modified carbon nanotubes have recently gained the interest of many research groups. The potential for applying a new generation of organo-modified carbon nanotubes in many technological fields reveals the importance of covalent modifications on nanotubes. In this study, using the microwave synthesis method, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) thiophenol derivatives were obtained with a thioesterification reaction. For this purpose, MWCNT-COOH was obtained from MWCNT by oxidation, and MWCNT-COCl was synthesized from MWCNT-COOH. The MWCNT-CO-S- (ortho/meta/para-methyl/methoxy-phenyl) (MA1-MA6) compounds were synthesized through both microwave synthesis methods starting with MWCNT-COCl and Steglich ester reaction of MWCNT-COOH. Products were characterized using Fourier Transform- Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM) methods. Furthermore, step numbers, reaction times, and temperatures of obtained molecules, MA1-MA6, were compared. Steglich esterification was found to be the most effective technique for creating these compounds. The photoluminescent characteristics of MWCNT, MWCNT-COOH, and MA1-MA6 compounds were examined. The intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) was found to vary with the location of the functional group. It was detected that the MA2 compound had the highest photoluminescence intensity (6.9x102 a.u.), while the MA1 compound had the secondhighest photoluminescence intensity (6.9x102 a.u.). MA1 and MA2 were radiated at low wavelengths of 475- 490 nm with high PL values. Possible transitions were n→π* transitions, with high PL values obtained because of the oxygen atom in the methoxy group. It is expected that these materials will find use in imaging devices operating at high temperatures, particularly because structures containing methoxy groups exhibit favourable photoluminescence properties.
Trends on Nanomedicines as Novel therapeutics Approach in Targeting Nociceptors for Relieving Pain
Authors: Satapathy Trilochan , Sahu Deepak , Sahu Himanshu , Pandey Ravindra Kumar , Shukla Shiv Shankar , Gidwani Beena 
Published: August 2024

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An important sensation that warns of potential harm to a specific area of the body is
pain. The prevalence of pain-related conditions globally is a significant and growing public health
issue. Chronic pain affects an estimated 1.5 billion people worldwide, with prevalence rates varying
by region and demographic factors. Along with diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer,
pain is among the most frequent medical diseases. Opioid analgesics are the mainstay of current
pain therapies, which are ineffective. Opioid addiction and its potentially fatal side effects necessitate
novel treatment strategies. Nanotechnology offers potential advantages in pain management
by enabling targeted drug delivery, which can enhance the efficacy and reduce the side effects of
analgesic medications. Additionally, nanoparticles can be designed to release drugs in a controlled
manner, improving pain relief duration and consistency. This approach also allows for the delivery
of therapeutics across biological barriers, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes for chronic
pain conditions. Nanomedicine enables sensitive and focused treatments with fewer side effects
than existing clinical pain medicines; it is worth exploring as a potential solution to these
problems. Furthermore, medication delivery systems that use nanomaterials are being used to treat
pain. Whether it's the distribution of a single medication or a combination of therapies, this review
seeks to summarise the ways in which drug delivery systems based on nanomaterials can be
utilised to successfully treat and alleviate pain. For the purpose of writing this paper, we consulted
several online libraries, including Pubmed, Science Direct, Pubmed Prime, and the Cochrane Library,
to gather fresh and up-to-date material. This overview delves into the ins and outs of pain's
pathophysiology, the present state of pain treatment, potential new pain treatment targets, and the
various initiatives that have been launched and are still in the works to address pain with nanotechnology.
Recent developments in nanomaterials-based scavenging, gene therapy for pain aetiology,
and nanoparticle-based medicine delivery for side effect reduction are highlighted. Analgesics
have been further covered in our discussion on FDA-approved pharmaceuticals and clinical advancements.
Annotation-Based Study on Hypothetical Proteins in Bacteria Using Classification Features
Authors: Prasad Anchita , Suravajhala Prashanth , Nigam Vinod Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Hypothetical proteins (HPs) are those proteins whose functions are unknown;
therefore, the present study was carried out to predict similarity-based functionality of
HPs in selected bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Neisseria meningitidis.

Methods:
Annotation-based approaches using Pfam, orthology, String, Bi-directional Best Blast
Hit, PSLpred, Subloc, Cello, homology modeling, and computational tools were used in evaluating
the functionality of HPs.

Results:
Thirty-one domains in both bacterial species were retrieved based on the E-value score
and compared with bacterial species already existing in databases. Statistical analysis was duly
done to check which features performed well

Conclusion:
Out of 31 HPs found in Streptomyces coleicolor strain A3(2), 14 domains were found
to be uncharacterized in their functionality, while 2 uncharacterized domains in the case of Neisseria
meningitidis were assigned a function on similarity-based approaches. The annotation of HPs
is a challenge in bacteria as these are based on the similarity of proteins in other species.
Analyzing Paraben Degradation in Parenteral Formulations with High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Singh Lalit , Mehla Shefali , Mittal Vishnu , Arya Girish Chandra , Sharma Anjali , Sharma Devkant 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Preservatives called parabens are frequently found in medicinal formulations
and personal hygiene products. However, questions have been raised concerning their possible
impact on health, leading to the need for reliable methods to determine their presence and degradation
of products.

Objective:
This study aimed to create and validate a straightforward, accurate, dependable, and selective
method for determining the levels of methyl and propyl parabens, as well as the breakdown
product p-hydroxy benzoic acid. Additionally, a force degradation study was conducted to assess
the stability of parabens in a parenteral formulation under various conditions.

Methods:
Separation of the compounds was achieved using X-Bridge C18 (250 X 4.6 mm) 5μm
column with a mobile phase composed of water (pH 3.0 with glacial acetic acid) and methanol
(30:70). Detection was carried out at 254 nm using a UV detector with an injection volume of 20
μL and a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Force degradation studies included acid, base, oxidation, thermal,
and photo-degradation.

Results:
Under the described conditions, the separation of p-hydroxy benzoic acid, methylparaben,
and propylparaben was achieved in less than 12.0 minutes. The concentration ranges for p-hydroxy
benzoic acid, methylparaben, and propylparaben were determined to be 1ng - 50 μg/mL, 100ng -
50μg/mL, and 100ng -12μ g/mL, respectively. The linearity, accuracy, and precision of the method
were within acceptable ranges.

Discussion:
Maximum degradation of methylparaben was observed under base and neutral conditions
in the first sample and under base and thermal conditions in the second sample. Similarly,
maximum degradation of propylparaben was observed under base conditions in the first sample and
under neutral and thermal conditions in the second sample. P-hydroxy benzoic acid degradation was
observed under all conditions, with the highest degradation occurring in 0.1 N NaOH and 0.1 N
HCl at 60°C.

Conclusion:
The developed method proved to be effective for the determination of methyl and
propylparaben, along with their degradation product p-hydroxy benzoic acid, in pharmaceutical
formulations. The results of the force degradation study provided valuable insights into the stability
of parabens under various conditions, highlighting the importance of monitoring and controlling
their degradation in pharmaceutical products.
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction Following Trauma and Hypoxia Increases the Risk of Post-Surgical Adhesion: Potential for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Khodashahi Rozita , Tavakkoli Mahmoud , Ferns Gorgon A , Feyzmohammadi Leyla , Mirzaei Amir Hossein , Aliakbarian Mohsen , Arjmand Mohammad-Hassan 
Published: August 2024

:
Post-surgical adhesion is a medical challenge, especially following abdominal and pelvic surgeries. This refers to the formation of fibrotic scars
that form from connective tissue in the gynecological tract or abdominal cavity. Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue (AT) by surgical injuries and
hypoxia increases the risk of post-surgical adhesion through different molecular mechanisms. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs)
and Hypoxia-induced factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) produced during surgery trauma and hypoxia induce AT dysfunction to promote inflammation,
oxidative stress, metabolic alterations, and profibrotic pathways, which contribute to post-surgical adhesions. HIF-1α and DAMPs can be
considered therapeutic targets to prevent AT dysfunction and diminish the formation of adhesions in obese patients undergoing abdominal or
pelvic surgeries.
THE PIPE DIAMETER EFFECT ON HEAT TRANSFER OF HELICAL COIL HEAT EXCHANGER IN THE SOLAR WATER HEATER STORAGE TANK
Authors: Mustikaningtyas Andhita , Sihana Sihana , Wijayanti Ester , Riyandi Naufal 
Published: August 2024

Solar thermal collectors are widely applied in various areas; one of them is solar water heating system. Inside the solar water heating system, there is a heat exchanger system located on thermal storage tank. It needs to develop the most efficient heat exchanger with some limited installation area. Helical coil heat exchanger is chosen as an alternative for saving the installation space by the coil helix geometry. The main difference between the helical heat exchanger and shell and tube heat exchanger is the geometry. This geometry causes differences in heat transfer process, as a result of the secondary flow in the fluid. This study analyzed the effect of the pipe diameter variance to heat transfer of helical coil heat exchanger, applied to solar water heating systems, performed by using three helical coils with pipe diameters variation, with an outer diameter of 6.4; 4.9; 2.95 mm. The heat transfer performance was analyzed by dimensionless number relationship with Wilson Plot technique. The experiment showed that, the performance of helical coil heat exchanger is better at bigger diameter. Forced convection inside the pipe obeyed Nui=ci.Re^0.7 with various ci number. The values of ci are bigger at bigger pipe diameter and higher hot water temperature.
A COMPARISON OF HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY ELECTROLYSIS METHOD USING WATER ELECTROLYTE WITH STAINLESS STEEL AND COPPER ELECTRODES
Authors: Afisna Lathifa Putri , Kolala Putra Andi , Meha Gabriel , Pasaribu Frans Winner , Sindhu I Gede Pande Naraya 
Published: August 2024

This experiment focuses on the production of hydrogen gas (H2) using the electrolysis method. The electrolysis method converts water (H2O) into the combustible compound H2 and O2, which aids in the combustion process. Hydrogen gas (H2) is an important renewable energy source. Therefore, research is needed to explore and optimize alternative and renewable energy sources, one of which is hydrogen gas. The objective of this experiment was to find the optimal variation between stainless steel and copper in producing the highest hydrogen gas pressure. In this experiment, a power source of 12 V 20 A was used, along with a salt solution of 1500 mL with a concentration of 0.167 gr/mL. Two different types of cathodes were used, stainless steel and copper. The experiment involved variations in the number of plates, namely 3, 5, and 7, and testing durations of 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The test results indicated that the hydrogen gas pressure increased with the increasing number of plates and electrolysis time. The highest pressure was achieved using copper plates with 7 plates and an electrolysis time of 15 minutes. Under these conditions, the hydrogen gas pressure reached 439.677 Pa
Assessment of ChatGPT-4 in Family Medicine Board Examinations Using Advanced AI Learning and Analytical Methods: Observational Study
Authors: Goodings Anthony James , Kajitani Sten , Chhor Allison , Albakri Ahmad , Pastrak Mila , Kodancha Megha , Ives Rowan , Lee Yoo Bin , Kajitani Kari 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This research explores the capabilities of ChatGPT-4 in passing the American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Certification Examination. Addressing a gap in existing literature, where earlier artificial intelligence (AI) models showed limitations in medical board examinations, this study evaluates the enhanced features and potential of ChatGPT-4, especially in document analysis and information synthesis.

Objective
The primary goal is to assess whether ChatGPT-4, when provided with extensive preparation resources and when using sophisticated data analysis, can achieve a score equal to or above the passing threshold for the Family Medicine Board Examinations.

Methods
In this study, ChatGPT-4 was embedded in a specialized subenvironment, “AI Family Medicine Board Exam Taker,” designed to closely mimic the conditions of the ABFM Certification Examination. This subenvironment enabled the AI to access and analyze a range of relevant study materials, including a primary medical textbook and supplementary web-based resources. The AI was presented with a series of ABFM-type examination questions, reflecting the breadth and complexity typical of the examination. Emphasis was placed on assessing the AI’s ability to interpret and respond to these questions accurately, leveraging its advanced data processing and analysis capabilities within this controlled subenvironment.

Results
In our study, ChatGPT-4’s performance was quantitatively assessed on 300 practice ABFM examination questions. The AI achieved a correct response rate of 88.67% (95% CI 85.08%-92.25%) for the Custom Robot version and 87.33% (95% CI 83.57%-91.10%) for the Regular version. Statistical analysis, including the McNemar test (P=.45), indicated no significant difference in accuracy between the 2 versions. In addition, the chi-square test for error-type distribution (P=.32) revealed no significant variation in the pattern of errors across versions. These results highlight ChatGPT-4’s capacity for high-level performance and consistency in responding to complex medical examination questions under controlled conditions.

Conclusions
The study demonstrates that ChatGPT-4, particularly when equipped with specialized preparation and when operating in a tailored subenvironment, shows promising potential in handling the intricacies of medical board examinations. While its performance is comparable with the expected standards for passing the ABFM Certification Examination, further enhancements in AI technology and tailored training methods could push these capabilities to new heights. This exploration opens avenues for integrating AI tools such as ChatGPT-4 in medical education and assessment, emphasizing the importance of continuous advancement and specialized training in medical applications of AI.
Language Features of Song Deli’s Chinese Version of The Theory Of Moral Sentiments from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory
Authors: Shi Wenjun 
Published: August 2024

Moral construction cannot be ignored when people are making great efforts to develop economy. Adam Smith makes a concise theoretical explanation of a rich and colorful world of human moral sentiments in The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Based on the principle of “sympathy”, he puts forward his own views on the ethical categories of justice, kindness and conscience, and comprehensively constructs his own ethical system, which has been helpful for the economic development and moral construction of other countries. From the perspective of Nida’s translation functional equivalence theory, the author chooses Song Deli’s Chinese version of The Theory of Moral Sentiments to analyze and study its language features in lexical, syntactic, textual and stylistic levels, so as to make an objective evaluation to help readers appreciate the translation and also provide reference for translation learners in terms of diction.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Peran Ibu dengan Perilaku Personal Hygiene saat Menstruasi pada Siswi Kelas VII di SMPN 2 Jakarta Tahun 2021
Authors: Fadhillah Fitri Nur , Hamal Dian Kholika , Hidayati  
Published: August 2024

Personal hygiene merupakan sesuatu yang penting pada remaja yang telah menstruasi. Perilaku personal hygiene yang kurang baik dapat disebabkan oleh pengetahuan, sikap, dan kurangnya peran ibu dalam pemberian informasi. Kurang baiknya personal hygiene dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada organ reproduksi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, dan peran ibu dengan perilaku personal hygiene saat menstruasi pada siswi kelas VII di SMPN 2 Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswi kelas VII SMPN 2 Jakarta dengan 100 sampel yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik total sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pada bulan Agustus 2021. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji chi square. Hasil univariat menunjukkan siswi memiliki perilaku personal hygiene kurang baik saat menstruasi (64%). Hasil bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan peran ibu dengan perilaku personal hygiene saat menstruasi (Pvalue < 0,05). Diharapkan adanya peran aktif dari remaja putri dan peran ibu agar pengetahuan personal hygiene saat menstruasi meningkat, sehingga berpengaruh kepada perilaku yang baik pada remaja putri.

Kata Kunci: personal hygiene, menstruasi, remaja putri
Effectiveness of Various Types of Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers on Populations of N-fixing and P-Solubilizing Bacteria and Nutrient Uptake of Maize in Inceptisol
Authors: Usman Alda Inayah A. Hi. , Ustiatik Reni , Utami Sri Rahayu , Nuraini Yulia 
Published: August 2024

Bacteria are classified as non-symbiotic N-fixing and P-solubilizing play an important role in enhancing soil quality and plant growth. This study aims to analyze various types of manures and inorganic fertilizers on N-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria population and their relationship with N and P uptake of maize in Inceptisol. The manure used was poultry, goat, and cow manure with doses of 0 t/ha, 10 t/ha, and 20 t/ha, respectively, and inorganic fertilizer NPK Phonska 15-15-15 dose 0 kg/ha; 150 kg/ha (50% of recommendation dose) and 300 kg/ha (100% of recommendation dose). Application of manure (poultry, goat, and cow manure) increased N-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria population. The application of various types of manure and inorganic fertilizers has a significant impact on N and P uptake. The highest N and P uptake were 29.92 kg/ha and 2.63 kg/ha, respectively. Manure application can reduce inorganic fertilizer dose by up to 50%, increasing plant production efficiency and environmental sustainability. Keywords: Bacteria population, Fertilizer optimization, Inceptisol, Nutrient uptake.
Pengaruh Dosis dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk KCL Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L)
Authors: Krestiani Veronica , SUharijanto Suharijanto , Risqiyanto Nanang Jalal 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis dan frekuensi pemberian pupuk kalium klorida terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Keben, Kecamatan Tambakromo, Kabupaten Pati, dengan ketinggian tempat ± 15 mdpl pada bulan Juni 2023 sampai bulan Agustus 2023. Penelitian factorial berpola Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL). Terdiri dari 2 (dua) faktor sebagai perlakuan, yaitu : faktor yang pertama adalah dosis (D) pupuk Kalium Klorida (KCl) sedangkan faktor kedua adalah frekuensi pemberian pupuk. Dosis pupuk kalium klorida (KCl) 100 kg/ha berpengaruh terhadap jumlah cabang produktif dan jumlah polong hampa per tanaman, sedangkan frekuensi pemberian pupuk kalium klorida (KCl) tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang hijau. Terdapat interaksi antara dosis dan frekuensi pemberian pupuk kalium klorida (KCl) pada tinggi tanaman umur 28 HST.