bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications of transient deformation in the northern Basin and Range, western United States
Authors: Chamoli Ashutosh , Lowry Anthony R. , Jeppson Tamara N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTransient deformation events observed in Global Positioning System (GPS) data from the Basin and Range extensional province may illuminate qualitatively similar transient events observed in subduction zones and other tectonic environments. We model GPS time series at 22 sites using a combination of hyperbolic tangent function analysis and elastic load deformation estimated from climatological data. We identify two transient events, ~2000.4 and ~2004.4, with roughly similar timing and displacement to those described previously by other researchers. The first few years of GPS observations, adopted as a reference state in earlier studies, are found to be anomalous. Our results differ from previous studies in two respects. First, a significant component of northward transient motion occurs during both events, despite a reversal of sign in east component motion. Second, sites move coherently in the eastern as well as the western Basin and Range. Surface mass loading, the largest source of transient stress forcing in the region, exhibits no evidence of a simple relationship to the deformation transients. Prior studies inferred slip on a single megadetachment at the Moho, but that hypothesis assumes negligible ductile deformation of the lower crust and a dry olivine rheology for the uppermost mantle. Recent measurements of crustal quartz abundance and effective elastic thickness suggest both assumptions are unlikely. Basin and Range transients can be reconciled with the frictional slip mechanism widely accepted for subduction zone transients provided that slip is occurring on discontiguous detachment surfaces at midcrustal depths.
Interpreting subsurface volcanic structures using geologically constrained 3‐D gravity inversions: Examples of maar‐diatremes, Newer Volcanics Province, southeastern Australia
Authors: Blaikie T. N. , Ailleres L. , Betts P. G. , Cas R. A. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present results and a method to geophysically image the subsurface structures of maar volcanoes to better understand eruption mechanisms and risks associated with maar‐forming eruptions. High‐resolution ground gravity and magnetic data were acquired across several maar volcanoes within the Newer Volcanics Province of southeastern Australia, including the Ecklin maar, Red Rock Volcanic Complex, and Mount Leura Volcanic Complex. The depth and geometry of subsurface volcanic structures were determined by interpretation of gridded geophysical data and constrained 2.5‐D forward and 3‐D inverse modeling techniques. Bouguer gravity lows identified across the volcanic craters reflect lower density lake sediments and pyroclastic debris infilling the underlying maar‐diatremes. These anomalies were reproduced during modeling by shallow coalesced diatremes. Short‐wavelength positive gravity and magnetic anomalies identified within the center of the craters suggest complex internal structures. Modeling identified feeder vents, consisting of higher proportions of volcanic debris, intrusive dikes, and ponded magma. Because potential field models are nonunique, sensitivity analyses were undertaken to understand where uncertainty lies in the interpretations, and how the models may vary between the bounds of the constraints. Rather than producing a single “ideal” model, multiple models consistent with available geologic information are created using different inversion techniques. The modeling technique we present focuses on maar volcanoes, but there are wider implications for imaging the subsurface of other volcanic systems such as kimberlite pipes, scoria cones, tuff rings, and calderas.
Proxy evidence for China's monsoon precipitation response to volcanic aerosols over the past seven centuries
Authors: Zhuo Zhihong , Gao Chaochao , Pan Yuqing 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe effect of volcanic aerosols on China's monsoon precipitation over the past 700 years has been studied using two independently compiled histories of volcanism combined with the Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. For both reconstructions, four categories of eruptions are distinguished based on the character of their Northern Hemisphere (NH) injection; then Superposed Epoch Analysis (SEA) with a 10,000 Monte Carlo resampling procedure is undertaken for each category and also each individual grid. Results show a statistically significant (at 90% confidence level) drying trend over mainland China from year 1 to year 4 after the eruptions, and the more sulfate aerosol that is injected into the NH stratosphere, the more severe this drying trend. In comparison, a minor wetting trend is observed in the years following Southern Hemisphere‐only injections. Results from spatial distribution of the SEA show (1) a southward movement of the significant dry areas in eastern China from year 0 to year 2 after volcanic perturbations that are either equal to or double the size of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption (15 T sulfate aerosols in NH) and (2) northeast and northwest China experienced substantial droughts in years 2 to 5. These results are in good agreement with a SEA analysis of the Chinese Historical Drought Disaster Index compiled from historical meteorological records. Our findings illustrate the important role stratospheric aerosols have played in altering China's precipitation during the summer monsoon season and can shed new light on the possible effects that stratospheric geoengineering may have on China's precipitation.
Preoperative cerebrospinal fluid β‐Amyloid/Tau ratio and postoperative delirium
Authors: Xie Zhongcong , Swain Celeste A. , Ward Sarah A. P. , Zheng Hui , Dong Yuanlin , Sunder Neelakantan , Burke Dennis W. , Escobar Diana , Zhang Yiying , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe neuropathogenesis of postoperative delirium remains unknown. Low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β‐amyloid protein (Aβ) and high CSF Tau levels are associated with Alzheimer's disease. We, therefore, assessed whether lower preoperative CSF Aβ/Tau ratio was associated with higher incidence and greater severity of postoperative delirium.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐three participants (71 ± 5 years, 53% men) who had total hip/knee replacement under spinal anesthesia were enrolled. CSF was obtained during initiation of spinal anesthesia. The incidence and severity of postoperative delirium were determined by Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) on postoperative day 1 and 2. Aβ40, Aβ42, and Tau levels in the CSF were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The relationships among these variables were determined, adjusting for age and gender.ResultsParticipants in the lowest quartile of preoperative CSF Aβ40/Tau and Aβ42/Tau ratio had higher incidence (32% vs. 17%, P = 0.0482) and greater symptom severity of postoperative delirium (Aβ40/Tau ratio: 4 vs. 3, P = 0.034; Aβ42/Tau ratio: 4 vs. 3, P = 0.062, the median of the highest MDAS score) as compared to the combination of the rest of the quartiles. The preoperative CSF Aβ40/Tau or Aβ42/Tau ratio was inversely associated with MDAS score (Aβ40/Tau ratio: −0.12 ± 0.05, P = 0.014, adj. −0.12 ± 0.05, P = 0.018; Aβ42/Tau ratio: −0.65 ± 0.26, P = 0.013, adj. −0.62 ± 0.27, P = 0.022).InterpretationLower CSF Aβ/Tau ratio could be associated with postoperative delirium, pending confirmation of our preliminary results in further studies. These findings suggest potential roles of Aβ and/or Tau in postoperative delirium neuropathogenesis.
Smokeless Tobacco (Moist Snuff) Use and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a Case–Control Study
Authors: Jiang Xia , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Bengtsson Camilla 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between snuff use (smokeless tobacco containing nicotine) and the risk of anti–citrullinated protein/peptide antibody (ACPA)–positive and ACPA‐negative rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData from the Swedish Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis, a population‐based case–control study including 1,998 incident cases and 2,252 randomly selected controls (matched on age, sex, and residential area) ages 18–70 years, were analyzed. Ever, current, and past moist snuff users were compared with never users. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by means of unconditional logistic regression models. All analyses were adjusted for cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and the matching variables.ResultsIn total, 254 (13%) cases were ever moist snuff users compared with 290 (13%) controls, resulting in an OR of 1.0 (95% CI 0.8–1.2) of RA overall. When exposure to moist snuff was analyzed in relation to ACPA‐positive and ACPA‐negative disease, no associations were observed. Neither current nor past moist snuff use was related to the risk of any of the 2 RA subgroups. Analyses restricted to never smokers provided similar results.ConclusionThe use of moist snuff was not associated with the risk of either ACPA‐positive or ACPA‐negative RA. The increased risk of RA associated with smoking is most probably not due to nicotine.
Selective 5‐exo‐dig Cyclization of in Situ Synthesized N‐Boc‐2‐aminophenyl Ethoxyethynyl Carbenols: Synthesis of Multifunctional Indoles and Their Derivatives
Authors: Thirupathi Nuligonda , Kumar Yalla Kiran , Kant Ruchir , Reddy Maddi Sridhar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA method to prepare 3‐substituted‐2‐formylindole derivatives from N‐Boc‐ortho‐aminoaryl ketones and ethoxyacetylene through a cascade of reactions in a single operation that included a nucleophile‐triggered 5‐exo‐dig cyclization and an acid‐mediated 1,3‐allyl alcohol isomerization (1,3‐AAI) is described. A variety of aryl, vinyl and alkynyl groups can be introduced at C‐3 of indole‐2‐carboxaldehyde while having a high functional group compatibility. The 3‐alkynyl adducts, which are highly valuable substrates for diversity‐oriented synthesis, can be further transformed to useful carboline and carbazole derivatives through novel pathways.magnified image
Hydroxynitrile Lyase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Enantiopure Cyanohydrins in Biocatalytic Active Static Emulsions (BASE) with Suppression of the Non‐Enzymatic Side Reaction
Authors: von Langermann Jan , Wapenhensch Stefanie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe use of biocatalytic active static emulsions (BASE) was investigated for the hydroxynitrile lyase‐catalyzed synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins. With this technique a full suppression of the undesired racemic non‐enzymatic side reaction was facilitated, even at unusually high pH within the aqueous phase. Thus the full catalytic potential at the optimum pH was achieved with the hydroxynitrile lyase from Manihot esculenta. As proof of principle, a series of carbonyl compounds was successfully converted to the corresponding cyanohydrins with high yields and enantioselectivities, including several benzaldehyde derivatives and aliphatic ketones. Furthermore, several mandelic acid derivatives were obtained on a multi‐gram scale after hydrolysis, which proves the synthetic applicability of BASE‐immobilized hydroxynitrile lyases.magnified image
Intramolecular Direct Arylation and Heck Reactions in the Formation of Medium‐Sized Rings: Selective Synthesis of Fused Indolizine, Pyrroloazepine and Pyrroloazocine Systems
Authors: Coya Estibaliz , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe intramolecular palladium‐catalyzed reaction of N‐(iodoarylalkyl)pyrroles can be applied for the selective synthesis of medium‐sized rings by choosing the appropriate catalytic systems to direct the reaction to the alkene or to the pyrrole nucleus. These reactions can also be extended to the corresponding heteroaryl halides. Thus, reaction conditions have been established to access selectively to (hetero)fused indolizine, pyrroloazepine and pyrroloazocine systems.magnified image
Blepharo‐cheilo‐dontic (BCD) syndrome: Expanding the phenotype, case report and review of literature
Authors: Ababneh Farouq K. , Al‐Swaid Abdulrahman , Elhag Ahmed , Youssef Talaat , Alsaif Saif 
Published: April 2014

The combination of lagophthalmia, euryblepharon, ectropion of lower eyelids, distichiasis, bilateral cleft lip and palate, and oligodontia comprises the blepharo‐cheilo‐dontic (BCD) syndrome. This combination has been found sporadically or with positive family history and inherited as an autosomal dominant condition with variable expression.We described a Saudi boy with the cardinal signs consistent with the BCD syndrome. In addition to the common components of BCD syndrome that involve eyelids, lip, and teeth abnormalities, this patient is the third reported BCD case with imperforate anus, the second with thyroid agenesis, and the first with lumbosacral meningomyelocele. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of electrosurgical plasma coagulation and potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate laser photocoagulation for treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia‐related epistaxis
Authors: Luk Lauren , Mace Jess C. , Bhandarkar Naveen D. , Sautter Nathan B. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPotassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser photocoagulation is commonly used for treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia‐related epistaxis (HHT‐RE). Electrosurgical plasma coagulation (EPC), also known as coblation, has not been rigorously evaluated for HHT‐RE.MethodsPatients seeking treatment for HHT‐RE between September 2010 and September 2012 were prospectively randomized (1:1) to KTP or EPC in a single blind prospective cohort study. Length of surgery and estimated blood loss (EBL) were recorded. Epistaxis severity scores (ESSs) and 10‐cm visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for HHT‐RE–related symptoms were administered at enrollment and at 3, 6, 12 months following surgery. Statistical analysis used Friedman's and Pearson's chi‐square tests.ResultsEleven HHT patients were prospectively enrolled and followed. Six patients underwent EPC treatment while 5 underwent KTP. Three patients in the KTP subgroup and 2 patients in the EPC subgroup requested additional surgical treatment within 12 months (p > 0.999). There were no significant differences in terms of EBL (p = 0.126) and length of surgery (p = 0.429) between treatment groups. Mean ESSs were not significantly different between groups at any follow‐up point (KTP, p = 0.896; EPC, p = 0.159). Compared to KTP, mean ESSs were higher in the EPC subgroup at baseline and lower at all other time points. Mean nasal obstruction VAS scores were significantly lower in the EPC subgroup at all follow‐up points.ConclusionEPC is a viable alternative to KTP laser photocoagulation for epistaxis control in patients with HHT. Subjectively, patients experience less nasal obstruction following EPC as compared to KTP treatment. A multicentered, well‐powered study is warranted to better determine treatment outcomes.
Preoperative concerns of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Yeung Jeffrey C. , Brandt Michael G. , Franklin Jason H. , Doyle Philip C. , Rotenberg Brian W. , Kilty Shaun J. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundPatient‐centered care is recognized as being fundamental to successful medical practice. The effectiveness of patient‐centered care has classically been measured by posttreatment outcomes, such as patient compliance and psychosocial responses. Systematic assessment of patient concerns prior to treatment has been limited, to date. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an elective procedure for chronic rhinosinusitis that carries a clear, defined set of risks. The objective of this prospective observational study was to determine the concerns of patients undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis.MethodsA total of 180 patients undergoing ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis were recruited at 2 Canadian tertiary care centers. They completed a validated survey assessing their concerns regarding the risks and outcomes of surgery. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.ResultsPatients had a low degree of concern prior to undergoing surgery (overall score 2.8/9), though individual variability existed. Subjects felt the greatest level of concern regarding potential need for revision surgery as well as the wait time for surgery. Patients were least concerned about psychological factors (mean = 1.8/9). No differences with respect to age or gender were identified. Mean scores for cerebrospinal fluid leak and orbital injury were 3 and 3.2, respectively.ConclusionPatients’ level of concern prior to undergoing elective surgery is generally low. Patients’ areas of greatest concern may not align with those perceived by the physician. This study provides insight into patient concerns prior to undergoing elective sinus surgery and emphasizes the importance of the patient‐centered approach to care.
Light‐Induced Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Nitrene Transfer Reactions: A Photochemical Approach towards N‐Acyl Sulfimides and Sulfoximines
Authors: Bizet Vincent , Buglioni Laura , Bolm Carsten 
Published: April 2014

Abstract1,4,2‐Dioxazol‐5‐ones are five‐membered heterocycles known to decarboxylate under thermal or photochemical conditions, thus yielding N‐acyl nitrenes. Described herein is a light‐induced ruthenium‐catalyzed N‐acyl nitrene transfer to sulfides and sulfoxides by decarboxylation of 1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones at room temperature, thus providing direct access to N‐acyl sulfimides and sulfoximines under mild reaction conditions. In addition, a one‐pot sulfur imidation/oxidation sequence catalyzed by a single ruthenium complex is reported.
Intramolecular Aminocyanation of Alkenes by NCN Bond Cleavage
Authors: Pan Zhongda , Pound Sarah M. , Rondla Naveen R. , Douglas Christopher J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA metal‐free, Lewis acid promoted intramolecular aminocyanation of alkenes was developed. B(C6F5)3 activates N‐sulfonyl cyanamides, thus leading to a formal cleavage of the NCN bonds in conjunction with vicinal addition of sulfonamide and nitrile groups across an alkene. This method enables atom‐economical access to indolines and tetrahydroquinolines in excellent yields, and provides a complementary strategy for regioselective alkene difunctionalizations with sulfonamide and nitrile groups. Labeling experiments with 13C suggest a fully intramolecular cyclization pattern due to the lack of label scrambling in double crossover experiments. Catalysis with Lewis acid is realized and the reaction can be conducted under air.
The Experimental Observation of the Intramolecular NO2/CO Interaction in Solution
Authors: Chiarucci Michel , Ciogli Alessia , Mancinelli Michele , Ranieri Silvia , Mazzanti Andrea 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe weak electrostatic interaction between nitro and carbonyl moieties has been observed by means of variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy. Its energetic contribution was evaluated to be about 3 kcal mol−1 by DFT calculations, and confirmed by the measurement of internal energy barriers to the rotation of suitable nitroaryl rings.
Stabilization of Catalytically Active Cu+ Surface Sites on Titanium–Copper Mixed‐Oxide Films
Authors: Baber Ashleigh E. , Yang Xiaofang , Kim Hyun You , Mudiyanselage Kumudu , Soldemo Markus , Weissenrieder Jonas , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Al‐Mahboob Abdullah , Sadowski Jerzy T. , Evans Jaime , Rodriguez José A. , Liu Ping , Hoffmann Friedrich M. , Chen Jingguang G. , Stacchiola Darío J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe oxidation of CO is the archetypal heterogeneous catalytic reaction and plays a central role in the advancement of fundamental studies, the control of automobile emissions, and industrial oxidation reactions. Copper‐based catalysts were the first catalysts that were reported to enable the oxidation of CO at room temperature, but a lack of stability at the elevated reaction temperatures that are used in automobile catalytic converters, in particular the loss of the most reactive Cu+ cations, leads to their deactivation. Using a combined experimental and theoretical approach, it is shown how the incorporation of titanium cations in a Cu2O film leads to the formation of a stable mixed‐metal oxide with a Cu+ terminated surface that is highly active for CO oxidation.
Deutliche Belege für Ein‐Elektronen‐Übertragungen in der Boryl‐Anionenchemie: Isolierung und Reaktivität eines neutralen Borolradikals
Authors: Bertermann Rüdiger , Braunschweig Holger , Dewhurst Rian D. , Hörl Christian , Kramer Thomas , Krummenacher Ivo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractZwar gelang Yamashita et al. schon 2006 die Synthese eines Borylanions, aber immer noch sind Bor‐zentrierte Nukleophile seltene und begehrte Syntheseziele. Eine Reihe entsprechender Borylanionen wurde seitdem erhalten, und von zweien ist bekannt, dass sie mit Methyliodid anscheinend nukleophile Substitutionsreaktionen eingehen. Eines davon, ein Borol‐basiertes Borolylanion, zeigt nun Ein‐Elektronen‐Übertragungen (single‐electron‐transfers, SETs) bei seinen Reaktionen mit Triorganyltetrelhalogeniden, was durch die Isolierung eines ersten neutralen Borol‐basierten Radikals belegt werden konnte. Das Radikal wurde über Elementaranalyse, Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse und EPR‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert und trägt zum Verständnis Bor‐basierten nukleophilen Reaktionsverhaltens und der zur wachsenden Bedeutung von Borradikalen in der Synthese bei. Diese Radikalreaktivität wurde auch zur Synthese von Verbindungen mit seltenen B‐Sn‐ und B‐Pb‐Bindungen genutzt, wovon letztere die erste isolierte und strukturell charakterisierte Verbindung einer “Nicht‐Cluster”‐B‐Pb‐Bindung ist.
Synthesis of Cyclic Amine Boranes through Triazole‐Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Alkyne Hydroboration
Authors: Wang Qiaoyi , Motika Stephen E. , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe first catalytic alkyne hydroboration of propargyl amine boranecarbonitriles is accomplished with triazole‐AuI complexes. While the typical [L‐Au]+ species decomposes within minutes upon addition of amine boranecarbonitriles, the triazole‐modified gold catalysts (TA‐Au) remained active, and allowed the synthesis of 1,2‐BN‐cyclopentenes in one step with good to excellent yields. With good substrate tolerability and mild reaction conditions (open‐flask), this new method provides an alternative route to reach the interesting cyclic amine borane with high efficiency.
Lithographic Deposition of Patterned Metal–Organic Framework Coatings Using a Photobase Generator
Authors: Keitz Benjamin K. , Yu Chung Jui , Long Jeffrey R. , Ameloot Rob 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA photobase generator was used to induce metal–organic framework (MOF) nucleation upon UV irradiation. This method was further developed into a simple, one‐step method for depositing patterned MOF films. Furthermore, the ability of our method to coat a single substrate with MOF films having different chemical compositions is illustrated. The method is an important step towards integrating MOF deposition with existing lithographic techniques and the incorporation of these materials into sensors and other electronic devices.
Telluride Misfit Layer Compounds: [(PbTe)1.17]m(TiTe2)n
Authors: Moore Daniel B. , Beekman Matt , Disch Sabrina , Johnson David C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTelluride misfit layer compounds are reported for the first time. These compounds were synthesized using a novel approach of structurally designing a precursor that would form the desired product upon low‐temperature annealing, which allows the synthesis of kinetically stable products that do not appear on the equilibrium phase diagram. Four new compounds of the [(PbTe)1.17]m(TiTe2)n family are reported, and their structures were examined by a variety of X‐ray diffraction techniques.