bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple risk score to detect rural Asian Indian (Bangladeshi) adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bhowmik Bishwajit , Akhter Afroza , Ali Liaquat , Ahmed Tofail , Pathan Faruque , Mahtab Hajera , Khan Abul Kalam Azad , Hussain Akhtar 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo develop and evaluate a simple, non‐invasive, diabetes risk score for detecting individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh.Materials and MethodsData from 2,293 randomly selected individuals aged ≥20 years from a cross‐sectional study in a rural community of Bangladesh (2009 Chandra Rural Study) was used for model development. The validity of the model was assessed in another rural cross‐sectional study (2009 Thakurgaon Rural Study). The logistic regression model used included age, sex, body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio and hypertension status to predict individuals who were at high risk for type 2 diabetes.ResultsOn applying the developed model to both cohorts, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.70 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.72) for the Chandra cohort and 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.68–0.74) for the Thakurgaon cohort. The risk score of >9 was shown to have the optimal cut‐point to detect diabetes. This score had a sensitivity of 62.4 and 75.7%, and specificity of 67.4 and 61.6% in the two cohorts, respectively. This risk score was shown to have improved sensitivity and specificity to detect type 2 diabetes cases compared with the Thai, Indian, Omani, UK, Dutch, Portuguese and Pakistani diabetes risk scores.ConclusionsThis simple, non‐invasive risk score can be used to detect individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes in rural Bangladesh. Subjects with a score of 9 or above (out of 15) should undergo an oral glucose tolerance test for definitive diagnosis of diabetes.
Increased circulating follicular helper T cells and activated B cells correlate with disease severity in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Niu J. , Song Z. , Yang X. , Zhai Z. , Zhong H. , Hao F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFollicular Helper T (TFH) Cells are a population of recently discovered CD4+ T cells involved in autoimmune diseases. However, the contribution of TFH cells in patients with psoriasis remains unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the levels of TFH cells, B cells and their clinical relevance in patients with psoriasis.MethodsUsing multi‐colour flow cytometry, we detected different subsets of TFH cells and B cells in the peripheral blood of 27 patients with psoriasis and 13 healthy donors. Serum IL‐21 levels were measured by ELISA. The relationship between the levels of TFH cells, IL‐21, B cells and disease severity were analysed.ResultsCompared with healthy donors, higher levels of circulating CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ cells, CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+, CD3+CD4+CXCR5+PD‐1+, CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+PD‐1+ TFH cells and CD19+IgD+CD27− naive B, CD19+CD86+ activated B, but lower levels of CD19+IgD+CD27+ preswitch and CD19+IgD‐CD27+ postswitch memory B cells, were observed in patients with psoriasis. In addition, serum IL‐21 levels in patients with psoriasis were significantly higher than those in healthy donors, and showed to be positively correlated with the levels of different subsets of TFH cells, and the level of CD19+CD86+ B cells was also correlated with TFH cells and IL‐21 levels. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between the levels of CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+ TFH cells, CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ICOS+PD‐1+ TFH cells, CD19+CD86+ B cells and IL‐21 with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index scores.ConclusionThe levels of TFH cells and activated B cells were increased in the peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis, and positively correlated with disease severity. These results suggest that TFH cells and activated B cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Characterization of traumatic brain injury in human brains reveals distinct cellular and molecular changes in contusion and pericontusion
Authors: Harish Gangadharappa , Mahadevan Anita , Pruthi Nupur , Sreenivasamurthy Sreelakshmi K. , Puttamallesh Vinuth N. , Keshava Prasad Thottethodi Subrahmanya , Shankar Susarla Krishna , Srinivas Bharath Muchukunte Mukunda 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to fatalities and neurological disabilities worldwide. While primary injury causes immediate damage, secondary events contribute to long‐term neurological defects. Contusions (Ct) are primary injuries correlated with poor clinical prognosis, and can expand leading to delayed neurological deterioration. Pericontusion (PC) (penumbra), the region surrounding Ct, can also expand with edema, increased intracranial pressure, ischemia, and poor clinical outcome. Analysis of Ct and PC can therefore assist in understanding the pathobiology of TBI and its management. This study on human TBI brains noted extensive neuronal, astroglial and inflammatory changes, alterations in mitochondrial, synaptic and oxidative markers, and associated proteomic profile, with distinct differences in Ct and PC. While Ct displayed petechial hemorrhages, thrombosis, inflammation, neuronal pyknosis, and astrogliosis, PC revealed edema, vacuolation of neuropil, axonal loss, and dystrophic changes. Proteomic analysis demonstrated altered immune response, synaptic, and mitochondrial dysfunction, among others, in Ct, while PC displayed altered regulation of neurogenesis and cytoskeletal architecture, among others. TBI brains displayed oxidative damage, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and loss of synaptic proteins, with these changes being more profound in Ct. We suggest that analysis of markers specific to Ct and PC may be valuable in the evaluation of TBI pathobiology and therapeutics.image
We have characterized the primary injury in human traumatic brain injury (TBI). Contusions (Ct) – the injury core displayed hemorrhages, inflammation, and astrogliosis, while the surrounding pericontusion (PC) revealed edema, vacuolation, microglial activation, axonal loss, and dystrophy. Proteomic analysis demonstrated altered immune response, synaptic and mitochondrial dysfunction in Ct, and altered regulation of neurogenesis and cytoskeletal architecture in PC. Ct displayed more oxidative damage, mitochondrial, and synaptic dysfunction compared to PC.
Influence of histamine on the expression of CCL20 in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Dommisch H. , Chung W. O. , Plötz S. , Jepsen S. 
Published: February 2015

Background and ObjectiveHistamine plays an important role during allergic and inflammatory reactions, and it has been suggested to influence periodontal inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of histamine on the expression of the antimicrobial peptide C‐C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) when exposed to toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists.Material and MethodsMonolayers of HGFs from three different donors were exposed to histamine, alone, and in combination with Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2 agonist) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli (a TLR4 agonist), for 2, 4, 6 or 12 h. In another experimental group, cells were pretreated with a specific histamine‐1 receptor antagonist (H1R) antagonist, cetirizine. Real‐time PCR analysis was performed to detect expression of glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), CCL20 and interleukin‐8 (IL8) genes. The levels of CCL20 and IL‐8 protein were determined by ELISA.ResultsIn HGFs, histamine induced expression of CCL20 and IL8 genes in a time‐dependent manner (p < 0.05). Combined stimulation with histamine and Pam3CSK4 or LPS led to a significant amplification in expression of CCL20 and IL‐8 when compared with treatment with each stimulant alone (p < 0.05), and this effect was mediated via pathways involving the H1R (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study suggest a sensitizing effect of histamine on early innate immune responses of HGFs when simultaneously exposed to bacterial virulence factors.
The role of transcriptome resilience in resistance of corals to bleaching
Authors: Seneca Francois O. , Palumbi Stephen R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWild populations increasingly experience extreme conditions as climate change amplifies environmental variability. How individuals respond to environmental extremes determines the impact of climate change overall. The variability of response from individual to individual can represent the opportunity for natural selection to occur as a result of extreme conditions. Here, we experimentally replicated the natural exposure to extreme temperatures of the reef lagoon at Ofu Island (American Samoa), where corals can experience severe heat stress during midday low tide. We investigated the bleaching and transcriptome response of 20 Acropora hyacinthus colonies 5 and 20 h after exposure to control (29 °C) or heated (35 °C) conditions. We found a highly dynamic transcriptome response: 27% of the coral transcriptome was significantly regulated 1 h postheat exposure. Yet 15 h later, when heat‐induced coral bleaching became apparent, only 12% of the transcriptome was differentially regulated. A large proportion of responsive genes at the first time point returned to control levels, others remained differentially expressed over time, while an entirely different subset of genes was successively regulated at the second time point. However, a noteworthy variability in gene expression was observed among individual coral colonies. Among the genes of which expression lingered over time, fast return to normal levels was associated with low bleaching. Colonies that maintained higher expression levels of these genes bleached severely. Return to normal levels of gene expression after stress has been termed transcriptome resilience, and in the case of some specific genes may signal the physiological health and response ability of individuals to environmental stress.
Th2‐M2 immunity in lesions of muscular sarcoidosis and macrophagic myofasciitis
Authors: Preusse Corinna , Goebel Hans‐H. , Pehl Debora , Rinnenthal Jan L. , Kley Rudolf A. , Allenbach Yves , Heppner Frank L. , Vorgerd Matthias , Authier François Jerôme , Gherardi Romain , Stenzel Werner 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo analyse the paradox of a lack of giant cell formation and fibrosis in chronic lesions of macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) in comparison with muscular sarcoidosis (MuS).MethodsInflammatory lesions and contiguous muscle regions from biopsy samples of 10 patients with MuS and 10 patients with MMF were cut out by laser microdissection. Mediators of the T helper cell (Th)1 inducing classical macrophage activation (e.g. STAT1, IFNγ and CXCR3), and Th2 inducing alternative activation of macrophages (e.g. CD206/MRC1, STAT6, SOCS1), molecules involved in development of fibrosis (e.g. TGFβ) and giant cells (e.g. TYROBP), were assessed by immunohistochemistry and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsSTAT6‐induced Th2 immunity was associated with up‐regulated gene expression of MRC1, SOCS1 and TGFB in inflammatory foci, in comparison with adjacent tissue. TYROBP and TREM2, genes regulating giant cell formation, were more strongly expressed in lesions of MuS patients than in those of MMF. TGFβ co‐localized with CD206+ macrophages in MuS but not in MMF. Conversely, Th1 immunity was illustrated by STAT1 staining both in macrophages and myofibres in MuS, but not in MMF. Also, STAT1‐induced IFNG and CXCR3 expression in lesions and the surrounding tissue was elevated compared with normal controls, but without statistically significant differences.ConclusionGiant cell and typical granuloma formations, including fibrogenesis, is dependent on two main mechanisms, both involving specific macrophage activation: a strong Th2‐M2 polarization and a significant expression of TYROBP and TGFβ in macrophages. The low‐grade alternative activation of macrophages in MMF lesions and poor TYROBP and TGFβco‐expression are obviously insufficient to produce giant cells.
Monitoring patient complications and concerns following oral surgery procedures
Authors: Cullingham P. , Harrison C. , Patel N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the frequency of patients contacting the Oral Surgery Department at Manchester Dental Hospital with post‐operative concerns. This will facilitate local improvements within the department for the effective management of patients re‐presenting with complications.Materials and methodsBetween August 2013 and October 2013, the records for 31 patients re‐attending the Oral Surgery Department at Manchester Dental Hospital after a surgical procedure were analysed retrospectively. All data collected were stored on a secure university hard drive and analysed using Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet.ResultsNinety‐three per cent of patients who re‐attended the department required only one unplanned episode for treatment. Surgical procedures that resulted in re‐attendance included removal of third molars (57%), extraction of non‐third molar teeth (25%), implant placement (10%), apical root end surgery (3.5%) and excision of a ranula (3.5%). It was noted 36% of patients included in the audit were diagnosed with post‐operative pain or normal healing.ConclusionThe management of patients attending with unplanned episodes of treatment places an additional strain on the service delivery of clinics and inconvenience to patients. The study highlights the range of post‐operative complications that patients present with. Service delivery research and review enable improvements within the department to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of patient management. This study will allow specific training to facilitate improvements in delivery of care within the dental team.
The oldest notostracan (Upper Devonian Strud locality, Belgium)
Authors: Lagebro Linda , Gueriau Pierre , Hegna Thomas A. , Rabet Nicolas , Butler Aodhán D. , Budd Graham E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new notostracan crustacean, Strudops goldenbergi gen. et sp. nov., is described from the well‐preserved terrestrial arthropod fauna of the Upper Devonian of Strud, Belgium. The fossil notostracan bears a close resemblance to modern notostracans in possessing a large, simple head shield covering almost half of the whole body, a set of phyllopodous thoracic appendages and a legless posterior abdomen with a telson bearing a caudal furca. The differentiation and relative size of mouthparts and limbs suggest that these specimens are all adults. The notostracans described herein are the earliest clear members of the total group Notostraca.
Exploitation of wild annual Cicer species for widening the gene pool of chickpea cultivars
Authors: Singh Mohar , Kumar Krishna , Bisht Ishwari S. , Dutta Manoranjan , Rana Mukesh K. , Rana Jai C. , Bansal Kailash C. , Sarker Ashutosh 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntrogression of unadapted genes from the wild Cicer species could contribute to the widening of genetic base of important traits such as yield, yield attributes and resistance to major biotic and abiotic stresses. An attempt was made successfully to intercross two wild annual Cicer species with three cultivated chickpea cultivars. Four interspecific cross‐combinations were made, and their true hybridity was ascertained through morphological and molecular markers. These cross‐combinations were also studied for some important quantitative traits under real field conditions. The range, mean and coefficient of variation of agro‐morphological traits were assessed in the parental lines, their F1 and F2 generations to determine the extent of variability generated in cultivated chickpea varieties. A high level of heterosis was recorded for number of pods/plant and seed yield/plant in F1 generation. Three cross‐combinations of ‘Pusa 1103’ × ILWC 46, ‘Pusa 256’ × ILWC 46 and ‘Pusa 256’ × ILWC 239 exhibited substantially higher variability for important yield‐related traits. The present research findings indicate that these wild annual Cicer species can be easily exploited to broaden the genetic base of cultivated gene pool for improving seed yield as well as adaptation.
Cochlear implantation in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ashfield Thomas , Pai Irumee , Wilson Katherine , Britz Anzel , Connor Steve , Fitzgerald‐O'Connor Alec , Jiang Dan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Although the hearing loss is usually mild, some develop severe‐to‐profound hearing loss, in whom cochlear implants (CI) may be an option. We present the cases of two children with SCD who developed bilateral severe‐to‐profound SNHL and underwent cochlear implantation. One patient became profoundly deaf after an acute episode of dizziness. Imaging indicated bilateral cochlear ossification, making subsequent cochlear implant surgery challenging. The second patient developed bilateral severe‐to‐profound SNHL following acute vaso‐occlusive crises. She went on to have uncomplicated cochlear implant surgery. These cases illustrate the variable manner in which children with SCD may develop SNHL, and the difficulties associated with managing such cases. We recommend that children with SCD should undergo regular audiological assessment. Furthermore, clinicians should be aware of the risk of cochlear fibrosis and ossification and ensure prompt assessment following an acute vaso‐occlusive crisis or unexplained vestibulocochlear event.
Severe primary pulmonary lymphangiectasis in a premature infant: Management and follow up to early childhood
Authors: Reiterer Friedrich , Grossauer Karin , Pfleger Andreas , Häusler Martin , Resch Bernhard , Eber Ernst , Popper Helmut , Urlesberger Berndt 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrimary pulmonary lymphangiectasis (PPL) is a rare congenital developmental abnormality of the lung with a generally poor prognosis. Only a limited number of patients with neonatal‐onset PPL have been reported to survive. We present the case of a male preterm infant (gestational age 34 weeks 6 days) with histologically confirmed PPL, complicated by hydrops fetalis, bilateral hydrothorax (treated in utero with pleuro‐amniotic shunts), and immediate respiratory distress at birth. He survived after extensive neonatal intensive care therapy and was discharged home at the age of 7 months. At last follow up he was 3 years 7 months old, still requiring assisted ventilation via tracheostomy, having recurrent episodes of wheezing and had mild global developmental delay. This case demonstrates that survival beyond the neonatal period is possible even with severe PPL but long‐term morbidity may be relevant, and multidisciplinary management and close follow up are essential.
Early intervention for late‐onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Authors: Fujisawa Daisuke , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Matsumoto Shirou , Iwai Masanori , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Hoshide Ryuji , Harada Nawomi , Yoshino Makoto , Endo Fumio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report the case of a family with late‐onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD). Several family members had died from OTCD, and the c.221G>A, p.Lys221Lys mutation was detected at the 3′ end of exon 6 of OTC in the X‐chromosome of some members. We provided genetic counseling on pregnancy, delivery, and neonate management to a 4th‐generation female carrier and decided on metabolic management of her child from birth. Two male patients were diagnosed with late‐onset OTCD on the basis of blood amino acid and genetic analysis, and they received arginine supplementation from the asymptomatic, early neonatal period. These children grew and developed normally, without decompensation. Patients with late‐onset OTCD can and should be diagnosed and treated in the early neonatal period, especially those from families already diagnosed with late‐onset OTCD, and family members must be provided with genetic counseling.
Simulation analysis of three intubating supraglottic devices during infant chest compression
Authors: Kohama Hanako , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Ueki Ryusuke , Kaminoh Yoshiroh , Nishi Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCurrent guidelines for pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation suggest that supraglottic devices are alternatives for tracheal intubation with minimal interruption of chest compression. We examined the utility of three intubating supraglottic devices, air‐Q® (air‐Q), Ambu® aura‐i (aura‐i), and i‐gel® (i‐gel), utilizing manikin simulation. Twenty‐two novice physicians performed securing of airway on an infant manikin with the three devices. We measured the rate of success on ventilation and the insertion time with or without chest compression. Successful ventilation rate did not significantly decrease with chest compression in the three devices (without chest compression: air‐Q, 21/22; aura‐i, 20/22; i‐gel, 20/22, during chest compression: air‐Q, 20/22; aura‐i, 20/22; i‐gel, 18/22). The insertion time with air‐Q and aura‐i did not extend significantly for chest compression. In contrast, the insertion time with i‐gel was significantly extended in chest compression (P < 0.05). Air‐Q and aura‐i are more useful for airway management during chest compression than i‐gel.
Expiratory CO2 as the first sign of successful ventilation during neonatal resuscitation
Authors: Mizumoto Hiroshi , Iki Yoichi , Yamashita Sumie , Hata Daisuke 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThree‐lead electrocardiography and expired CO2 monitoring were used during positive pressure ventilation of seven non‐intubated newborns (gestational age, 31–37 weeks; birthweight, 1503–2885 g). In all cases, adequate CO2 (>15 mmHg) was detected prior to the achievement of stable heart rate (>100 beats/min). The delay between detection of adequate CO2 and improvement of bradycardia ranged from 8 to 73 s (median, 15 s). Inadequate expired CO2 during positive pressure ventilation indicates airway obstruction or poor aeration of the newborn lungs. Thus, positive expiratory CO2 can be the first recognizable sign of successful ventilation during neonatal resuscitation.
Hepatic angiosarcoma mimicking congenital cytomegalovirus infection in an infant with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Yoon Hoi Soo , Choi Yong‐Sung , Im Ho Joon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHepatic angiosarcomas are uncommon, highly aggressive tumors, rarely seen in children. A 3‐month‐old female infant was admitted to hospital for evaluation of multiple petechiae on her body. She had hepatosplenomegaly and scattered petechiae over her entire body. Laboratory tests indicated thrombocytopenia and positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) polymerase chain reaction. Ganciclovir was started, and the platelet count increased. After 4 months the patient was readmitted to hospital for drowsy mental status and eventually died from severe bleeding. Needle biopsy of the liver was performed after receiving written consent from the parents. Pathological findings of the liver lesion included features consistent with hepatic angiosarcoma. There have been no previous reports of hepatic angiosarcoma in Korean infants. Here, we report an infant with hepatosplenomegaly and thrombocytopenia who was diagnosed with hepatic angiosarcoma mimicking congenital CMV infection.
Neonatal necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum caused by Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Kuroda Junpei , Inoue Nobuaki , Satoh Hiroyuki , Fukuzawa Ryuji , Terakawa Toshiro , Hasegawa Yukihiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe herein describe the case of a 27‐day‐old male infant who was brought to the emergency room for intermittent crying, and swelling of the left scrotum. Based on the clinical findings, necrotizing fasciitis was suspected, and surgical intervention was successfully completed within a few hours of admission. Streptococcus agalactiae type Ia was cultured from the drained abscess, and was considered the causative pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of neonatal necrotizing fasciitis caused by S. agalactiae. Prompt diagnosis and immediate surgical debridement are crucial in the initial management of this disease.