bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols in Water
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Li Qiong , Feng Jiange , Liu Qiang , Zhang Zuojun , Wang Xicheng , Zhang Xiaoyun , Mu Xindong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe direct α‐alkylation of ketones with alcohols has emerged as a new green protocol to construct CC bonds with H2O as the sole byproduct. In this work, a very simple and convenient Pd/C catalytic system for the direct α‐alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols in pure water is developed. Based on this catalytic system, aqueous mixtures of dilute acetone, 1‐butanol, and ethanol (mimicking ABE fermentation products) can be directly transformed into C5–C11 or longer‐chain ketones and alcohols, which are precursors to fuels.
Direct Synthesis of 1,6‐Hexanediol from HMF over a Heterogeneous Pd/ZrP Catalyst using Formic Acid as Hydrogen Source
Authors: Tuteja Jaya , Choudhary Hemant , Nishimura Shun , Ebitani Kohki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new approach is developed for hydrogenolytic ring opening of biobased 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), dehydration product of hexoses, towards 1,6‐hexanediol (HDO) under atmospheric pressure. The highest yield of HDO, 43 %, is achieved over reusable Pd/zirconium phosphate (ZrP) catalyst at 413 K in the presence of formic acid as hydrogen source. In comparison with various Brønsted and/or Lewis acidic supports, the specific Brønsted acidity on ZrP support effectively accelerated the cleavage of CO bond in a furan ring.
Coordination Properties of 3‐Functionalised β‐Cyclodextrins: Thermodynamic Stereoselectivity of Copper(II) Complexes of the 3‐Histamine Derivative and Its Exploitation in Ligand‐Exchange Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Giuffrida Alessandro , Cucinotta Vincenzo , Maccarrone Giuseppe , Messina Marianna , Rizzarelli Enrico , Vecchio Graziella 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA histamine derivative of β‐cyclodextrin functionalised at the secondary rim was synthesised and characterised by optical and NMR spectroscopy. Its binary systems both with proton and copper(II) were thermodynamically characterised through pH‐metric potentiometry. In addition, the ternary systems with the enantiomers of tryptophan, phenylalanine and alanine were investigated. Thermodynamic stereoselectivity was observed for both the tryptophan and phenylalanine enantiomers. The properties of the synthesised cyclodextrin derivative as a chiral selector were verified in chiral ligand‐exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLECE) towards the enantiomeric pairs of some amino acids.
Using an inerter‐based device for structural vibration suppression
Authors: Lazar I. F. , Neild S.A. , Wagg D.J. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes the use of a novel type of passive vibration control system to reduce vibrations in civil engineering structures subject to base excitation. The new system is based on the inerter, a device that was initially developed for high‐performance suspensions in Formula 1 racing cars. The principal advantage of the inerter is that a high level of vibration isolation can be achieved with low amounts of added mass. This feature makes it an attractive potential alternative to traditional tuned mass dampers (TMDs). In this paper, the inerter system is modelled inside a multi‐storey building and is located on braces between adjacent storeys. Numerical results show that an excellent level of vibration reduction is achieved, potentially offering improvement over TMDs. The inerter‐based system is compared to a TMD system by using a range of base excitation inputs, including an earthquake signal, to demonstrate how the performance could potentially be improved by using an inerter instead of a TMD. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing linkage of monoamine oxidase B in a genome‐wide scan using a univariate variance components approach
Authors: Barnholtz J.S. , de Andrade M. , Page G.P. , King T.M. , Peterson L.E. , Amos C.I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report results when one alcoholism related quantitative trait, monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), is analyzed by the variance components approach for linkage [Amos, 1994; Amos et al., 1996] using the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism data set provided for the Genetic Analysis Workshop 11. We used two different covariate models, one with age at interview, sex, ethnicity, and smoking status and the other with age at interview, sex, and ethnicity. The univariate analysis showed 24 markers on four different chromosomes (1, 4, 9, and 12) to have evidence for linkage with the quantitative trait (single‐point and multipoint linkage). However, when outliers for MAOB were removed, the significant evidence for linkage disappeared.
A normalized identity‐by‐state statistic for linkage analysis of sib pairs
Authors: Nemesure Barbara Berger , He Qimei , Mendell Nancy Role 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA sib‐pair analysis was performed on a simulated data set for a fictitious disease, with a prevalence of approximately 3% to 6%. The disease could manifest itself in a severe or mild form and the analyses focused primarily on families with the mild form, barring any misdiagnoses. The numbers of shared genes identical by descent (IBD) and identical by state (IBS) were used to detect linkage between the marker loci and the disease. The results of the two methods were compared. We considered the distribution of the number of shared alleles IBS (for different parental allele combinations) and suggest a normalized IBS method. A large proportion of pedigrees in this data set had at least one homozygous parent or both parents sharing a common gene, thus generating the need for an adjustment of the IBS method. Our results indicate that the normalized IBS method gives results similar to those obtained by the traditional IBD approach. The adjusted score requires no assumptions be made with regard to the allele frequencies.
Association tests using unaffected‐sibling versus pseudo‐sibling controls
Authors: Siegmund Kimberly D. , Gauderman W. James , Thomas Duncan C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe used family‐matched case‐control data to screen the genome for markers associated with disease in the simulated data set. Two different types of controls were considered: (1) unaffected siblings and (2) ‘pseudo siblings,’ a comparison sample created using the parental alleles. The scans were conducted on the first replicate of each study population. Overall, the two methods identified 14 marker loci associated with disease at the 0.001 significance level. Marker D1G24 (locus D) was the only true disease locus found by both approaches. No associations were found at any of the markers flanking the unobserved disease susceptibility loci (A, B, or C). We subsequently pooled the 25 replicates from a single population. This large sample still did not yield any associations at the flanking markers. We tested for association at locus D using a pseudo‐sib approach restricted to alleles shared identical by descent between affected sib pairs. The power was 44% (11/25 replicates) at a significance level of 0.001.
A generalized estimating equations approach to linkage analysis in sibships in relation to multiple markers and exposure factors
Authors: Thomas Duncan C. , Qian Dajun , Gauderman W. James , Siegmund Kim , Morrison John L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe describe a multiple regression approach to nonparametric linkage analysis in sibships incorporating multiple genetic loci, environmental covariates, and interactions. The covariance in trait residuals between sib pairs is treated as the dependent variable, regressed upon identical‐by‐descent sharing probabilities and interaction effects, using generalized estimating equations to allow for the correlations among multiple sib pairs within a sibship. Individual covariates can also be introduced in the model for the trait means. An application to the GAW11 simulated data revealed linkage with each of the four simulated loci, as well as gene×environment interactions of E1 with loci C and D and gene×gene interactions among the cluster of loci A, B, and D.
Possible linkage of alcoholism, monoamine oxidase activity and P300 amplitude to markers on chromosome 12q24
Authors: Juo Suh‐Hang Hank , Pugh Elizabeth W. , Baffoe‐Bonnie Agnes , Kingman Albert , Sorant Alexa J. M. , Klein Alison P. , O'Neill Jennifer , Mathias Rasika A. , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMultipoint linkage analysis was used to screen for evidence of linkage between alcoholism and five alcoholism‐related quantitative traits. The results suggest that a susceptibility locus that influences monoamine oxidase activity and P300 amplitude at the Pz lead, and increases the risk of alcohol dependence may be linked to markers in the 12q24 region. Furthermore, the susceptibility for alcoholism may be associated with allele 3 (allele size 144) of D12S392.
Design of artificial neural network and its applications to the analysis of alcoholism data
Authors: Li Wentian , Haghighi Fatemeh , Falk Catherine T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractArtificial neural networks were applied to the alcoholism data to reveal nonlinear relationships between intermediate phenotypes, marker identity‐by‐descent sharing, and the affection status. A variable number of hidden units were considered to achieve a balance between the minimal mean‐squared error and over‐fitting of the data. The predictability of the affection status based on intermediate phenotype information (event‐related potential 300, monoamine oxidase, and gender) was 65% to 75%, and sensitivity/specificity ranged around 50% to 80%. The IBD approach succeeded in identifying the same marker as previous studies, but also found additional peaks.
Quantitative trait transmission disequilibrium test: Allowance for missing parents
Authors: Schaid Daniel J. , Rowland Charles M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe association of a quantitative trait with transmission disequilibrium of parental marker alleles can be a powerful method to discover the genetic basis of the trait. However, current methods require marker genotypes on all parents. We present a new method that allows the assessment of the association of a quantitative trait with transmission disequilibrium of marker alleles when parental marker genotypes are missing, but marker genotypes for sibships are available. Because our approach is based on regression methods, additional covariates, including multiple marker loci, can be included in our proposed method of analysis. Application of this methodology to the COGA data to assess the association of quantitative traits (ERPs) with marker loci on chromosome 7 failed to identify statistically significant transmission disequilibrium.
Linkage analysis with adequate modeling of a parent‐of‐origin effect
Authors: Strauch Konstantin , Fimmers Rolf , Windemuth Christine , Hahn Andreas , Wienker Thomas F. , Baur Max P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present an extension to parametric linkage analysis that allows modeling diseases with a parent‐of‐origin effect (i.e., imprinting). Different penetrances are assumed for individuals being heterozygous at the disease locus, depending on their having inherited the disease allele from the father or mother. Motivated by the finding of a maternally expressed locus influencing alcohol consumption in mice (A1cp2), the analysis method has been included into the program GENEHUNTER for application to Problem 1, Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism of Genetic Analysis Workshop 11. By this extension, a powerful tool is provided for adequately modeling an inherited disease in linkage analysis that supposedly has imprinting effects. The program has been used to analyze the data set on alcohol dependence in humans and can be applied to other genetically determined traits as well.
Sib‐pair linkage analysis of alcohol dependence taking into account covariates and age‐of‐onset variability: Evaluation of the residual approach
Authors: Tores Frédéric , Uhry Zoé , Detroyes Bénédicte , Demenais Florence , Martinez Maria 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe construction of residuals allowed us to consider a phenotype related to alcohol dependence (ALDX1) adjusted for age, gender and current smoking status. Using the Haseman and Elston regression test, we compared genome scan results for detection of loci for the unadjusted and adjusted ALDX1 phenotypes in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) data. More markers were significant at the 1% level for the binary than for the residual analyses. Overall, our residual analyses do not show substantial improvement in their ability to detect linkage for alcohol dependence in the COGA data. This may be due to the relatively small sample size of discordant sib pairs.
The importance of watching our weights: How the choice of weights for non‐independent sib pairs can dramatically alter results
Authors: van Eerdewegh Paul , Dupuis Josée , Santangelo Susan L. , Hayward Leigha B. , Blacker Deborah 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHandling non‐independent sib pairs in families with multiple affected sibs presents a problem in likelihood‐based nonparametric linkage analyses. We contrast the more stable partial‐likelihood solution in MAPMAKER/SIBS with the extremely variable partial‐likelihood approach used in ASPEX, and the potential inflation of lods when the problem is ignored as in BETA.
Meta‐analysis of linkage studies
Authors: Badner Judith A. , Goldin Lynn R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLander and Kruglyak [1995] gave guidelines for interpreting linkage results based on estimating how often a particular threshold for significance would be exceeded by chance in a single genome scan. What is unknown is how often two or more genome scans would exceed a particular threshold within the same region. We develop theoretical estimates of these values and compare these with the empirical estimates derived from the GAW11 data. For single‐point analysis, the theoretical estimates predict the empirical estimates. For multipoint analysis, the theoretical values overestimate what is observed. For both single point and multipoint, modest p‐values within a single genome scan may give highly significant results when replicated in the same region in other scans.
Systematic search for disease loci for complex genetic traits: A study based on simulated population data
Authors: Falk Catherine T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSimulated family data were analyzed using one‐ and two‐locus disease models to detect linkage. Regions of interest, found on chromosomes 3 and 5, were then further analyzed to look for evidence of locus interaction and/or genetic heterogeneity. Methods described by Falk [1993] were used to separate families into subsets likely to be genetically homogeneous. Based on the results, it was concluded that there were at least two distinct disease loci, one on chromosome 3 and one on chromosome 5, and that these loci were probably not interacting but were expressing two distinct forms of the disease. The identification of these loci was in agreement with the generating model. However, the analysis did not show any indication of a two‐locus form of the disease or detect a disease locus on chromosome 1. This could be due to lack of power and/or too small a sample size for the method of analysis.
Meta‐analysis by combining p‐values: Simulated linkage studies
Authors: Guerra Rudy , Etzel Carol J. , Goldstein Darlene R. , Sain Stephan R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMeta‐analysis has been little explored to make an overall assessment of linkage from different studies. In practice, it is likely that published linkage studies will only report p‐values. We compared the performance of the widely used Fisher method for combining p‐values with that of pooling raw data. More loci were consistently found by pooling raw data. In the absence of further information, combining p‐values can provide an overall, but limited, assessment of different linkage studies. However, meta‐analysis would be better viewed as a preliminary step toward the goal of analyzing the pooled raw data.
Clay Mineralogy of Mediterranean Brown Forest Soil
Authors: Gal M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and the non‐carbonate residue in the parent rocks of 9 Mediterranean brown forest soils was determined, using X‐ray diffraction DTA, Integral Thermal Analysis, electron microscopy and precise chemical analytical technique. The percentage ratio magnified image in the clay fraction of the soil and in the non‐carbonate residue of the corresponding parent material was analyzed statistically and found low correlation. This is to be expected because of the great variability in the parent rock and the difficulty of collecting representative samples of the rocks. The genesis of these soils was compared to that of terra‐rossa and rendzina soils (for which there is a very high correlation between rock and clay). The dominant clay mineral present was montmorillonite. In some soils fairly high amounts of kaolin were found. The basis for considering this soil type as a bridge between terra‐rossa and rendzina is discussed.
Copper Silicates in the Timna' ORE Deposit
Authors: Würzburger U. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTimna' chrysocolla was divided into several types based on two end members differing in water content, specific gravity, CuO:SiO2 ratio and apparently also in their DTA behaviour. The chrysocolla replaces quartz. In places an intergrowth of chrysocolla and wilkeite was observed by electron probe scanning. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of chrysocolla is rather poor; however diffraction patterns were obtained after controlled heating (DTA). These indicated the crystallization of tenorite, cuprite, quartz and cristobalite. Dioptase, plancheite and bisbeeite were also identified by X‐ray diffraction. Several possibilities of chrysocolla genesis are discussed.
Oxidation of Ce3+ by HO2 Radical and Ce3+‐HO2 Complex Formation
Authors: Samuni A. , Czapski G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe reaction of Ce4+ with H2O2 in H2SO4 is studied as a function of pH, Ce3+, SO4= and the ionic strength. The reaction mechanism proposed assumes the existence of a Ce3+ ‐HO2 complex. Direct evidence for the reaction, Ce3+ + HO2 + H+ → Ce4+ + H2O2 is presented.
ESR Study of a Complex Formation Between HO2 Radical and Peroxy‐Vanadium (V) Ion
Authors: Samuni A. , Czapski G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHO2 radicals were generated in a flow system by the reaction: Ce4+ + H2O2→ Ce3+ +HO2 + H+. The HO2 radicals were mixed with V ‐ H2O2 solutions and ESR spectroscopy was used to follow the reaction. It was shown that HO2 reacts with both VO(O2)+ and VO(O2)−2 complexes. The ESR signal of the complexed radical consists of eight lines, indicating that the unpaired electron interacts with the Vanadium nucleus. The kinetics of the formation and decay reactions of the complexed radical were studied.
Studies of the Ramberg‐Bäcklund Rearrangement. Part I. Rearrangement of α‐Bromo‐β‐Keto‐ and α‐Bromo‐α‐Carbethoxy‐Sulphones
Authors: Shahak I. , Bergmann E.D. 
Published: November 2013

Abstractα‐Bromosulphones, carrying negative substituents (keto or carbethoxy‐groups) next to the bromine atom, undergo the Ramberg‐Bäcklund rearrangement and give α,β‐unsaturated ketones and esters. β‐Disulphones are converted into α, β‐unsaturated sulphones under these conditions.
Inhibitors of Rat Liver Glutaminase
Authors: Mor G. , Lichtenstein N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe phosphate‐dependent rat liver glutaminase is inhibited by carbobenzoxy derivatives of amino acids. Derivatives bearing an aromatic group in addition to that of the carbobenzoxy group inhibit markedly stronger than those without such an additional group. N‐carbobenzoxy tyramine also markedly inhibits the glutaminase activity. In all cases tested the inhibition was competitive. The mechanism of the inhibition is discussed.
The Role of Tryptophan and Divalent Sulphur in the Action of Atomic Hydrogen on Lysozyme in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Aldrich J. E. , Cundall R. B. , Lanier A. , Stein G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of atomic hydrogen on lysozyme in aqueous solution has been investigated at different pH, total doses of H atoms and different initial concentrations. As well as inactivation, changes in the ultra violet absorption spectrum, due to tryptophan, formation of sulphydryl groups and H2S, associated with attack on disulphide bonds, have been measured. The decrease in the 280 nm absorption is consistent with attack on the tryptophan residues. Intramolecular transfer of the free radical centre is assumed. The effect of increasing enzyme concentration shows that the intramolecular radical chain terminates when the odd electron becomes paired by encounter with another lysozyme radical. As found for trypsin, the formation of H2S is less when tryptophan as well as tyrosine is present in the enzyme.
Cobalt (II) Species Sorbed on the Chelating Iminodiacetate Resin
Authors: Heitner‐Wirguin C. , Ben‐Zwi N. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCobalt (II) ions were sorbed from various solutions onto the chelating ion exchanger Dowex A‐1. The infrared, near infrared and visible spectra of the various sorbed species were measured and compared to the spectra of cation and anion exchangers loaded with cobalt species under the same equilibrating conditions and to the complexes formed with the monomeric iminodiacetate. The structure and bonding of the different species sorbed were discussed.
Poly Threo‐β‐Hydroxy Aspartic Acid
Authors: Singerman A. , Liwschitz Y. , Wiesel Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe N‐carboxy‐anhydrides of β ‐ benzyl O‐t‐butyl‐threo‐β‐hydroxy‐DL‐ and L‐aspartate were polymerized. The two protecting groups, i. e., t‐butyl and benzyl groups, could be removed stepwise without degradation of the DL‐polymer.
HMO Treatment of Photochemical Reactions of Some Purine Derivatives
Authors: Neiman Z. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe experimental results of the photochemical transformation of purine, adenine, hypoxanthine and caffeine were tested by using two different sets of parameters in the HMO formalism. Net charges and bond orders are in accord with the photochemical reactivities of caffeine and purine, while for the other cpds. examined the agreement is less satisfactory. The perturbation index ASP (atom ‐self‐polarisability) gives a good estimate of the reaction site, while predictions with Fukui's frontier orbital theory are less adequate.
Grafting of Nylon‐6, 6 on Cellulose Acetate
Authors: Bar‐Ilan A. , Zilkha A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGraft polymers of Nylon‐6, 6 on cellulose acetate were obtained by successive alternate controlled addition of adipoyl chloride followed by 1,6‐hexane diamine to the potassium alkoxide derivative of cellulose diacetate in tetrahydrofuran. The graft polymers were fractionated and isolated from homopolymer fractions. Their Nylon‐6, 6 content increased upon increasing the monomer concentration.
N,N′‐Diarylurea and Amines from Aroylhydroxamic Acids and β‐Propiolactone. Mechanism of a Double Lossen Reaction
Authors: Knobler Y. , Frydman N. , Eliasoff Hanna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIt has been shown that N,N′‐diphenylurea formation in the reaction of benzohydroxamic acid and β‐propiolactone constitutes a sequence of two rearrangements of the Lossen type. The intermediates, O‐(β‐hydroxypropionyl)benzohydroxamate and O‐(N‐phenylcarbamoyl)benzo‐hydroxamate, have been isolated as products of consecutive steps. Their transformations have been shown independently and along the process leading to N,N′‐diphenylurea. Heating of sodium benzohydroxamate, p‐nitro‐ and p‐methoxy‐benzohydroxamate with β‐propiolactone afforded N, N′‐diphenylurea, p‐nitroaniline and N,N′‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylurea, respectively. Improved procedures for preparation of aroylhydroxamic acids are described.