bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter lesions and temporal lobe atrophy related to incidence of both dementia and major depression in 70‐year‐olds followed over 10 years
Authors: Gudmundsson P. , Olesen P. J. , Simoni M. , Pantoni L. , Östling S. , Kern S. , Guo X. , Skoog I. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeA number of studies have suggested associations between dementia and depression in older adults. One reason could be that these disorders share structural correlates, such as white matter lesions (WMLs) and cortical atrophy. No study has examined whether these lesions precede both dementia and depression independently of each other in the general population.MethodsWhether WMLs and cortical atrophy on computed tomography predict dementia and depression was investigated in a population‐based sample of 70‐year‐olds (n = 380) followed over 10 years. Exclusion criteria were dementia, major depression, history of stroke and a Mini‐Mental State Examination score below 26 at baseline in 2000–2001. Dementia was diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, revised, and depression according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Primary outcomes included dementia and major depression at 10‐year follow‐up.ResultsAdjusted logistic regression models, including both WMLs and temporal lobe atrophy, showed that moderate to severe WMLs [odds ratio (OR) 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.23–12.76] and temporal lobe atrophy (OR 2.93, 95% CI 1.13–7.60) predicted dementia during a 10‐year follow‐up independently of major depression. Similarly, both moderate to severe WMLs (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.25–11.76) and temporal lobe atrophy (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.06–5.96) predicted depression even after controlling for incident dementia.ConclusionWhite matter lesions and temporal lobe atrophy preceded 10‐year incidence of both dementia and depression in 70‐year‐olds. Shared structural correlates could explain the reported associations between dementia and depression. These brain changes may represent independent and complementary pathways to dementia and depression. Strategies to slow progression of vascular pathology and neurodegeneration could indirectly prevent both dementia and depression in older adults.
Serum antibodies from epileptic patients react, at high prevalence, with simian virus 40 mimotopes
Authors: Faggioli R. , Mazzoni E. , Borgna‐Pignatti C. , Corallini A. , Turlà G. , Taronna A. P. , Fiumana E. , Martini F. , Tognon M. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeIt has been demonstrated that inflammation may contribute to epileptogenesis and cause neuronal injury in epilepsy. In this study, the prevalence of antibodies to simian virus 40 (SV40), a kidney and neurotropic polyomavirus, was investigated in serum samples from 88 epileptic children/adolescents/young adults.MethodsSerum antibodies reacting to specific SV40 peptides were analysed by indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the epitopes of viral capsid proteins 1–3 were used as SV40 antigens.ResultsA significantly higher prevalence of antibodies against SV40 was detected in sera from epileptic patients compared to controls (41% vs. 19%). Specifically, the highest significant difference was revealed in the cohort of patients from 1.1 to 10 years old (54% vs. 21%), with a peak in the sub‐cohort of 3.1–6 years old (65% vs. 18%).ConclusionOur immunological data suggest a strong association between epilepsy and the SV40 infection.
Anti‐sulfatide IgM antibodies in peripheral neuropathy: to test or not to test?
Authors: Giannotta C. , Di Pietro D. , Gallia F. , Nobile‐Orazio E. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeAnti‐sulfatide immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been associated with different forms of neuropathies but their diagnostic role in neuropathy remains unclear.MethodsThe clinical association of increased titers of anti‐sulfatide IgM antibodies in 570 patients with neuropathy and related disorders examined in our laboratory since 2004 was reviewed. Sera were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the initial serum dilution of 1:32 000 and titrated by serial two‐fold dilution. In all positive patients IgM antibodies to myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) were also measured by western blot.ResultsHigh titers of anti‐sulfatide antibodies were found in 39 patients including 33 (85%) who also had anti‐MAG IgM. Six patients did not have anti‐MAG IgM including five in whom moderately increased anti‐sulfatide titers were associated with different forms of neuropathy. One patient with a demyelinating neuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy had markedly increased anti‐sulfatide titers (1:256 000).ConclusionsIncreased titers of anti‐sulfatide IgM antibodies are not infrequent in patients with neuropathy where they are often associated with a concomitant reactivity to MAG. A selective reactivity to sulfatide, however, is rarely found and is associated with different forms of neuropathy limiting its usefulness in the diagnosis of neuropathy.
Elevation‐Related Differences in Parental Risk‐Taking Behavior are Associated with Cognitive Variation in Mountain Chickadees
Authors: Kozlovsky Dovid Y. , Branch Carrie L. , Pravosudov Vladimir V. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBreeding animals must balance their current reproductive effort with potential costs to their own survival and consequently to future reproduction. Life‐history theory predicts that variation in reproductive investment should be based on fecundity and life expectancy with longer‐lived species favoring their own survival over parental investment. Recently, variation in parental risk taking was also linked with differences in cognition suggesting a potential trade‐off between cognitive ability and risk taking. Here, we tested whether mountain chickadees from two different elevations with known differences in cognitive ability differ in their parental risk taking by comparing the responses of nesting birds to a potential predator. Higher elevations are associated with shorter breeding season limiting renesting opportunities, but chickadees at high elevations also have better cognitive abilities, which might be potentially associated with better survival. Compared to lower elevations, high‐elevation chickadees laid larger clutches, showed longer latencies to return to the nest in the presence of a hawk, had lower fledging success, and exhibited higher rate of complete nest failures. Nestling development among successful nests, however, was similar between elevations. These data are not consistent with life‐history hypothesis because birds at high elevation invest more in the clutch, while at the same time take less risk when facing potential danger to themselves, which could jeopardize their current reproductive success. These data, however, are consistent with the hypothesis that better cognitive abilities might be associated with less parental risk taking.
Broken nasotracheal tube aspiration in a horse during anaesthetic recovery
Authors: Potter J. , Allen K. , Macfarlane P. , Holopherne‐Doran D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA horse was presented for soft palate thermocautery and surgical advancement of the larynx under general anaesthesia, following a history of respiratory noise and poor athletic performance. Physical examination prior to surgery was unremarkable. The horse was anaesthetised and a 20 mm cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) used to intubate the trachea via the right nostril. The cuff was deflated at the end of the procedure and the tube secured in place around the head of the horse for the recovery. The horse was assisted to standing and during this process the end of the nasotracheal tube broke and was observed hanging from the head collar. The remainder of the tube was aspirated into the trachea of the horse. The remaining length of endotracheal tube was removed using a modified endoscopic technique. The horse recovered with no further problems. An unusual complication of a nasotracheal tube leftin situfor recovery in a horse is reported and possible reasons for this complication are discussed.
Endotracheal intubation in horses – are complications truly rare?
Authors: Trim C. M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryEndotracheal intubation is an essential component of general anaesthesia in horses to facilitate delivery of inhalation anaesthetic agent and oxygen, artificial ventilation, and prevent pulmonary aspiration of blood or gastric reflux. Experimental studies have identified a high incidence of tracheal mucosal injury after intubation resulting from direct trauma or local ischaemia from the pressure of the inflated cuff. Recommendations to minimise injury include gentle intubation, disconnection from the anaesthesia machine when moving the horse, and monitoring the endotracheal tube cuff pressure. New studies are needed to evaluate trachea and cuff pressure interactions under current practice conditions, including specialised ventilation modalities such as positive end‐expiratory pressure and continuous airway pressure.
Standing removal of the proximal aspect of an olecranon fracture in a mature horse
Authors: Elliott C. R. B. , Middleton B. G. A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryA 12‐year‐old 450 kgArgentine polo mare presented with a dropped elbow and an unwillingness to bear weight after being kicked by another horse on the lateral aspect of the upper left forelimb. The mare was subsequently diagnosed with a displaced olecranon fracture that did not readily conform to the standard classification systems. Referral for surgical treatment involving open reduction and internal fixation was declined due to financial constraints. Due to the mare being unsuitable for breeding, and conservative treatment of displaced olecranon fractures being deemed to have an overall poor prognosis for return to full athletic performance, another treatment option was sought. Given the fracture configuration, standing surgical removal of the large proximal fragment was performed. The mare returned to full athletic performance 12 months post operatively without lameness. This case report describes an alternative treatment option for selected olecranon fractures.
Treatment of aStandardbred racehorse for septic infraspinatus and intertubercular bursitis caused by haematogenous bacterial spread
Authors: O'Sullivan P. , Gudehus T. , Kamm L. , Bridge I. S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis report describes the diagnosis and treatment of synovial sepsis of the infraspinatus and intertubercular (bicipital) bursae. The origin of infection was considered to be haematogenous spread from an ipsilateral foot abscess. The horse responded well to treatment and returned to full athletic function.
Investigating the benefits of using circular die springs instead of rectangular die springs
Authors: Gonen D. , Oral A. , Cakir M. C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDie springs with rectangular cross section (rectangular die springs) are common in the industry. However, the production of rectangular die springs is difficult, and the cost of production is high. In this study, we examined the use of die springs with circular cross section (circular die springs), which are both easier to produce and less costly, in place of rectangular ones. To this aim, the fatigue life values of both die spring with equivalent specifications were compared experimentally. The results obtained were transferred to the finite element methods software to run the simulation of the fatigue test. From the experimental results obtained, it has been observed that using circular die springs in place of rectangular die springs is always possible, provided that the springs are guided with cast polyamide guides.
Effects of Dietary Folate Intake on Migraine Disability and Frequency
Authors: Menon Saras , Lea Rodney A. , Ingle Sarah , Sutherland Michelle , Wee Shirley , Haupt Larisa M. , Palmer Michelle , Griffiths Lyn R. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundMigraine is a highly disabling disease affecting a significant proportion of the Australian population. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T variant has been associated with increased levels of homocysteine and risk of migraine with aura (MA). Folic acid (FA), vitamin B6, and B12 supplementation has been previously shown to reduce increased levels of homocysteine and decrease migraine symptoms. However, the influence of dietary folate intake on migraine has been unclear. The aim of the current study was to analyze the association of dietary folate intake in the form of dietary folate equivalent, FA, and total food folate (TFF) on migraine frequency, severity, and disability.MethodsA cohort of 141 adult females of Caucasian descent with MA was genotyped for the MTHFR C677T variant using restriction enzyme digestion. Dietary folate information was collected from all participants and analyzed using the “FoodWorks” 2009 package. Folate consumption was compared with migraine frequency, severity, and disability using linear regression.ResultsA significant inverse relation was observed between dietary folate equivalent (R2 = 0.201, B = −0.002, P = .045, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.004, −0.001]) and FA (R2 = 0.255, B = −0.005, P = .036, 95% CI [−0.009, −0.002]) consumption and migraine frequency. It was also observed that in individuals with the CC genotype for the MTHFR C677T variant, migraine frequency was significantly linked to FA consumption (R2 = 0.106, B = −0.004, P = .029, 95% CI [−0.007, −0.004]).ConclusionsThe results from this study indicate that folate intake in the form of FA may influence migraine frequency in female MA sufferers.
Rational expectations? An explorative study of subjective survival probabilities and lifestyle across Europe
Authors: Rappange David R. , Brouwer Werner B.F. , van Exel Job 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundSubjective survival probabilities (SSPs) are considered relevant in relation to lifestyle as lifestyle improvements may improve health and lower mortality risk.ObjectiveTo study individuals' SSP in a population of elderly (i.e. 60 years and older) from 15 European countries.MethodsData from the second wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used. Individuals were asked about their chances to live up to age [T] or more. These SSPs were related to general characteristics, health and lifestyle. In addition, cross‐country comparisons were made. The validity of the probabilistic elicitation format used for collecting SSPs was also addressed.ResultsThe average subjective probability of surviving the next 9–15 years was around 57%. Mean SSPs varied significantly across age, with lower means at higher ages. Cross‐country comparisons showed lowest mean in the Czech Republic (42%) and the highest in Denmark (64%). SSPs correlated with socio‐demographic, socio‐economic and also strongly with (objective) health characteristics except for obesity. Smokers reported significantly lower SSPs compared to non‐smokers, but no difference was found between non‐smokers and quitters. Excessive alcohol consumers reported significantly higher SSPs than moderate consumers and abstainers, but this only held for female excessive drinkers. Physical inactivity was negatively associated with SSPs, but this relation was attenuated at higher ages. In this context, important cross‐country differences were found.ConclusionsSubjective survival probabilities are informative and relevant in relation to lifestyle decisions and can be validly obtained in elder people. The results from this study provide interesting implications for health policy, health communication strategies and future research.
Status of urological Kampo medicine: A narrative review and future vision
Authors: Minagawa Tomonori , Ishizuka Osamu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractClinical evidence for traditional Japanese Kampo medicine has been provided by modern scientific methodologies. Indeed, more than 150 Kampo formulations have been approved for use as prescription drugs by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, and are widely used in daily medical practice. More than 10 of these formulations can be used for urological problems, especially in cases of lower urinary tract dysfunction. However, there are few opportunities to introduce urological Kampo medicines for worldwide use, and the status of urological Kampo medicine has not been reviewed yet. Here, we present a narrative review to introduce the current status of urological Kampo medicine in Japan. First, we introduce the essence of general Kampo medicine, including its history and current status in Japan. We focused of Sou‐Sei‐Sou‐Koku, “promotion and inhibition network among the Five Elements,” which is the central dogma of Kampo medicine. To present Kampo medicine as scientific medicine, neural cross‐talk among pelvic organs is presented in comparison with Sou‐Sei‐Sou‐Koku. Second, we list representative urological Kampo formulations used for lower urinary tract symptoms. Furthermore, we also discuss their roles in the urological field, including their position in Japanese clinical guidelines. Third, we propose the multi‐organ targeting strategy using Kampo formulations as a future vision. Dai‐Ken‐Chu‐Tou (a common Kampo formulation for gastrointestinal problems and hypersensitivity to cold) is one candidate, and we present the results of a preliminary study using this Kampo medicine formulation.
Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review
Authors: Kangasniemi Mari , Pakkanen Piiku , Korhonen Anne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo conduct an integrative review and synthesize current primary studies of professional ethics in nursing.BackgroundProfessional ethics is a familiar concept in nursing and provides an ethical code for nursing practice. However, little is known about how professional ethics has been defined and studied in nursing science.Design and data sourcesSystematic literature searches from 1948–February 2013, using the CINAHL, PubMed and Scopus electronic databases to look at previously published peer‐reviewed studies.Review methodA modified version of Cooper's five‐stage integrative review was used to review and synthesize current knowledge.ResultsFourteen papers were included in this research. According to our synthesis, professional ethics is described as an intra‐professional approach to care ethics and professionals commit to it voluntarily. Professional ethics consist of values, duties, rights and responsibilities, regulated by national legislation and international agreements and detailed in professional codes. Professional ethics is well established in nursing, but is constantly changing due to internal and external factors affecting the profession.ConclusionDespite the obvious importance of professional ethics, it has not been studied much in nursing science. Greater knowledge of professional ethics is needed to understand and support nurses’ moral decision‐making and to respond to the challenges of current changes in health care and society.
Painless, safe, and efficacious noninvasive skin tightening, body contouring, and cellulite reduction using multisource 3DEEP radiofrequency
Authors: Harth Yoram 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIn the last decade, Radiofrequency (RF) energy has proven to be safe and highly efficacious for face and neck skin tightening, body contouring, and cellulite reduction. In contrast to first‐generation Monopolar/Bipolar and “X ‐Polar” RF systems which use one RF generator connected to one or more skin electrodes, multisource radiofrequency devices use six independent RF generators allowing efficient dermal heating to 52–55 °C, with no pain or risk of other side effects. In this review, the basic science and clinical results of body contouring and cellulite treatment using multisource radiofrequency system (Endymed PRO, Endymed, Cesarea, Israel) will be discussed and analyzed.
Association between oral conditions and functional limitations in childhood
Authors: Clementino M. A. , Pinto‐Sarmento T. C. A. , Costa E. M. , Martins C. C. , Granville‐Garcia A. F. , Paiva S. M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of oral conditions on functional limitations among preschoolers. A preschool‐based, cross‐sectional study was carried out with 843 preschoolers in Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing socio‐demographic characteristics and perceptions regarding the general/oral health of their children as well as the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale. The nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney test (α = 5%) was used to compare mean children's quality‐of‐life scores for each independent variable. Poisson regression analysis was used to test associations between the independent and dependent variables (difficulties eating, drinking and speaking) (α = 5%). The multivariate regression model involved a hierarchical approach with four levels (distal to proximal determinants): (i) socio‐demographic aspects; (ii) health perceptions; (iii) oral conditions; and (iv) pain conditions. The prevalence of negative impact on function was 24·7% for eating/drinking and 8·0% for speaking. Significant associations were found between toothache and negative impact on eating/drinking (PR = 5·38; 95%CI: 3·20–9·02) as well as between high severity dental caries and negative impact on speaking (PR = 14·91; 95%CI: 1·98–112·32). Dental caries, traumatic dental injury and malocclusion were not significantly associated with a negative impact on eating or drinking. However, toothache was an indicator of negative impact on eating/drinking and dental caries severity was an indicator of negative impact on speaking.
Phylogenetic analysis of cultivation‐resistant terrestrial cyanobacteria with massive sheaths (Stigonema spp. and Petalonema alatum, Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) using single‐cell and filament sequencing of environmental samples
Authors: Mareš Jan , Lara Yannick , Dadáková Iva , Hauer Tomáš , Uher Bohuslav , Wilmotte Annick , Kaštovský Jan 
Published: January 2015

Molecular assessment of a large portion of traditional cyanobacterial taxa has been hindered by the failure to isolate and grow them in culture. In this study, we developed an optimized protocol for single cell/filament isolation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of terrestrial cyanobacteria with large mucilaginous sheaths, and applied it to determine the phylogenetic position of typical members of the genera Petalonema and Stigonema. A methodology based on a glass‐capillary isolation technique and a semi‐nested PCR protocol enabled reliable sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from all samples analyzed. Ten samples covering seven species of Stigonema from Europe, North and Central America, and Hawaii, and the type species of Petalonema from Slovakia were sequenced. Contrary to some previous studies, which proposed a relationship with heteropolar nostocalean cyanobacteria, Petalonema appeared to belong to the family Scytonemataceae. Analysis of Stigonema specimens recovered a unique coherent phylogenetic cluster, substantially broadening our knowledge of the molecular diversity within this genus. Neither the uni‐ to biseriate species nor the multiseriate species formed monophyletic subclusters within the genus. Typical multiseriate species of Stigonema clustered in a phylogenetic branch derived from uni‐ to biseriate S. ocellatum Thuret ex Bornet & Flahault in our analysis, suggesting that species with more complex thalli may have evolved from the more simple ones. We propose the technique tested in this study as a promising tool for a future revision of the molecular taxonomy in cyanobacteria.