bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of in vivo spatially offset Raman spectroscopy data using multivariate analysis techniques
Authors: Buckley Kevin , Kerns Jemma G. , Parker Anthony W. , Goodship Allen E. , Matousek Pavel 
Published: January 2014

The decomposition of spatially offset Raman spectra for complex multilayer systems, such as biological tissues, requires advanced techniques such as multivariate analyses. Often, in such situations, the decomposition methods can reach their limits of accuracy well before the limits imposed by signal‐to‐noise ratios. Consequently, more effective reconstruction methods could yield more accurate results with the same data set. In this study we process spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) data with three different multivariate techniques (band‐target entropy minimization (BTEM), multivariate curve resolution and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC)) and compare their performance when analysing a spectrally challenging plastic model system and an even more challenging problem, the analysis of human bone transcutaneously in vivo. For the in vivo measurements, PARAFAC's requirement of multidimensional orthogonal data is addressed by recording SORS spectra both at different spatial offsets and at different anatomical points, the latter providing added dimensionality through the variation of skin/soft tissue thickness.The BTEM and PARAFAC methods performed the best on the plastic system with the BTEM more faithfully reconstructing the major Raman bands and PARAFAC the smaller more heavily overlapped features. All three methods succeeded in reconstructing the bone spectrum from the transcutaneous data and gave good figures for the phosphate‐to‐carbonate ratio (within 2% of excised human tibia bone); the PARAFAC gave the most accurate figure for the mineral‐to‐collagen ratio (20% less than excised human tibia bone).Previous studies of excised bones have shown that certain bone diseases (such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and osteogenesis imperfecta) are accompanied by compositional abnormalities that can be detected with Raman spectroscopy, the utility of a technique which could reconstruct bone spectra accurately is manifest. The results have relevance on the use of SORS in general. © 2014 Crown copyright. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Position‐specific induction of ectopic limbs in non‐regenerating blastemas on axolotl forelimbs
Authors: McCusker Catherine , Lehrberg Jeffrey , Gardiner David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEctopic retinoic acid (RA) has been hypothesized to reprogram the positional identity of cells in developing and regenerating limbs to a single positional value corresponding to the posterior‐ventral‐proximal (PVPr) position on the limb. We tested this hypothesis by using RA to reprogram the information of blastema cells that were induced to form at different positions around the limb circumference. We observed that RA treatment of blastemas in anterior and dorsal locations, but not posterior and ventral locations, resulted in the induction of complete ectopic limbs. These position‐specific differences in limb induction are probably due to differences in the positional disparity between the RA‐reprogrammed blastema cells and the cells at the periphery of the wound. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that RA treatment reprograms the information in blastema cells to the PVPr position on the limb, since anterior and dorsal positions have the largest disparity and posterior and ventral have the smallest disparity from the PVPr identity.
Brief Report: Importance of SOX8 for In Vitro Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Herlofsen Sarah R. , Høiby Torill , Cacchiarelli Davide , Zhang Xiaolan , Mikkelsen Tarjei S. , Brinchmann Jan E. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is believed to be the master regulator of chondrogenesis. SOX8 is another SOX group E transcription factor with a high degree of homology to SOX9. Here, we demonstrate that SOX8 mRNA levels decrease during in vitro dedifferentiation of human articular chondrocytes and increase during chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. Knockdown of SOX9 reduced the expression of SOX8, COL2A1, and a range of other chondrogenic molecules. SOX8 knockdown reduced the expression of a large number of overlapping chondrogenic molecules, but not SOX9. Neither siSOX9 nor siSOX8 altered expression of the hypertrophic marker gene COL10A1. siSOX9, but not siSOX8 led to upregulation of hypertrophy associated genes MMP13 and ALPL. Transfection of synthetic SOX5, 6, and 9 mRNA trio upregulated SOX8, COL2A1, and ACAN, but not COL10A1 mRNA. Replacement of synthetic SOX9 by SOX8 in the SOX trio showed similar but lower chondrogenic effect. We conclude that SOX8 expression is regulated by SOX9, and that both together with SOX5 and SOX6 are required as a SOX quartet for transcription of COL2A1 and a large number of other chondrogenic molecules. Neither SOX8 nor SOX9 affect COL10A1 expression, but SOX9 inhibits chondrocyte hypertrophy through inhibition of MMP13 and ALPL expression. Stem Cells 2014;32:1629–1635
Time lapse microscopy observation of cellular structural changes and image analysis of drug treated cancer cells to characterize the cellular heterogeneity
Authors: Vaiyapuri Periasamy S. , Ali Alshatwi A. , Mohammad Akbarsha A. , Kandhavelu Jeyalakshmi , Kandhavelu Meenakshisundaram 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of Calotropis gigantea latex (CGLX) on human mammary carcinoma cells is not well established. We present the results of this drug activity at total population and single cell level. CGLX inhibited the growth of MCF7 cancer cells at lower IC50 concentration (17 µL/mL). Microscopy of IC50 drug treated cells at 24 hr confirming the appearance of morphological characteristics of apoptotic and necrotic cells, associated with 70% of DNA damage. FACS analysis confirmed that, 10 and 20% of the disruption of cellular mitochondrial nature by at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Microscopic image analysis of total population level proved that MMP changes were statistically significant with P values. The cell to cell variation was confirmed by functional heterogeneity analysis which proves that CGLX was able to induce the apoptosis without the contribution of mitochondria. We conclude that CGLX inhibits cell proliferation, survival, and heterogeneity of pathways in human mammary carcinoma cells. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 724–734, 2015.
Assessment of fetal midbrain and hindbrain in mid‐sagittal cranial plane by three‐dimensional multiplanar sonography. Part 1: comparison of new and established nomograms
Authors: Leibovitz Z. , Shkolnik C. , Haratz K. Krajden , Malinger G. , Shapiro I. , Lerman‐Sagie T. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo construct nomograms for fetal midbrain (MB) and hindbrain (HB) dimensions, assessed in the mid‐sagittal cranial plane by three‐dimensional multiplanar sonographic reconstruction (3D‐MPR).MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study of 334 healthy fetuses in low‐risk singleton pregnancies between 16 and 35 gestational weeks. All sonographic volumes were obtained by sagittal acquisition. The following MB and HB parameters were evaluated in the mid‐sagittal cranial plane using 3D‐MPR: MB parameters tectal length (TL) and anteroposterior midbrain diameter (APMD), and HB parameters anteroposterior pons diameter (APPD), superoinferior vermian diameter (SIVD), anteroposterior vermian diameter (APVD) and anteroposterior diameter of the fourth ventricle (APDFV). The measurements were presented as growth charts according to gestational age.ResultsMB and HB biometry were best assessed between 19 and 29 weeks. During this period, adequate visualization was achieved for successful measurement of TL in 90.9% of cases, APMD in 86.6%, APPD in 73.7%, SIVD in 74.2%, APVD in 71% and APDFV in 71%. There was a linear growth pattern, with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.79 for TL, 0.88 for APMD, 0.91 for APPD, 0.95 for SIVD, 0.88 for APVD and 0.88 for APDFV (P < 0.0001 for each). The mean intra‐ and interobserver variations for the MB measurements and vermian diameters ranged between 4.3% and 9%. APPD and APDFV showed highest mean variations: 9.0% and 19.4% (intraobserver) and 11.6% and 17.7% (interobserver), respectively.ConclusionWe present new nomograms for assessment of the fetal MB and HB using 3D‐MPR in the mid‐sagittal cranial plane. To our knowledge, these are the first proposed nomograms for fetal MB dimensions. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Public engagement with climate change: the role of human values
Authors: Corner Adam , Markowitz Ezra , Pidgeon Nick 
Published: January 2014

A long history of interdisciplinary research highlights the powerful role that human values play in shaping individuals' engagement with environmental issues. That certain values are supportive of proenvironmental orientation and behavior is now well established. But as the challenge of communicating the risks of climate change has grown increasingly urgent, there has been a rise in interest around how values shape public engagement with this issue. In the current paper, we review the growing body of work that explores the role of human values (and the closely related concept of cultural worldviews) in public engagement with climate change. Following a brief conceptual overview of values and their relationship to environmental engagement in general, we then provide a review of the literature linking value‐orientations and engagement with climate change. We also review both academic and ‘gray’ literature from civil society organizations that has focused on how public messages about climate change should be framed, and discuss the significance of research on human values for climate change communication strategies.This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Advanced catalytic layer architectures for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Authors: Bonnefont Antoine , Ruvinskiy Pavel , Rouhet Marlene , Orfanidi Alin , Neophytides Stylianos , Savinova Elena 
Published: January 2014

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have recently reached a remarkable level of performance. Their high cost, however, has a negative impact on the market penetration. Present work reviews recent developments of advanced catalytic layer architectures proposed as an alternative to the conventional ones in view of decreasing the Pt loading and increasing the Pt‐specific power density. Various promising approaches will be discussed starting from the widely known 3M's nanostructured thin films to less publicized Pt‐decorated arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes/nanofibers. The issues to be addressed span from the preparation of three‐dimensionally ordered layers, to fundamental questions related to the optimization of their spatial structure to attain the maximum efficiency of material utilization and activity. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:505–521. doi: 10.1002/wene.110This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy Efficiency > Science and Materials
Energy Research & Innovation > Science and Materials
L‐type Ca2+ channels in heart and brain
Authors: Striessnig Jörg , Pinggera Alexandra , Kaur Gurjot , Bock Gabriella , Tuluc Petronel 
Published: January 2014

L‐type calcium channels (Cav1) represent one of the three major classes (Cav1–3) of voltage‐gated calcium channels. They were identified as the target of clinically used calcium channel blockers (CCBs; so‐called calcium antagonists) and were the first class accessible to biochemical characterization. Four of the 10 known α1 subunits (Cav1.1–Cav1.4) form the pore of L‐type calcium channels (LTCCs) and contain the high‐affinity drug‐binding sites for dihydropyridines and other chemical classes of organic CCBs. In essentially all electrically excitable cells one or more of these LTCC isoforms is expressed, and therefore it is not surprising that many body functions including muscle, brain, endocrine, and sensory function depend on proper LTCC activity. Gene knockouts and inherited human diseases have allowed detailed insight into the physiological and pathophysiological role of these channels. Genome‐wide association studies and analysis of human genomes are currently providing even more hints that even small changes of channel expression or activity may be associated with disease, such as psychiatric disease or cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important to understand the structure–function relationship of LTCC isoforms, their differential contribution to physiological function, as well as their fine‐tuning by modulatory cellular processes. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2014,3:15–38. doi: 10.1002/wmts.102Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Understanding the Burden and Outcome of Trauma Care Drives a New Trauma Systems Model
Authors: Laing G. L. , Skinner D. L. , Bruce J. L. , Aldous C. , Oosthuizen G. V. , Clarke D. L. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) attempts to provide care for a whole city and hence is referred to as a service rather than a center. As part of a multifaceted quality improvement program, the PMTS has developed and implemented a robust electronic surgical registry (ESR). This review of the first year’s data from the ESR forms part of a situational analysis to assess the burden of trauma managed by the service and the quality of care delivered within the constraints of the available resources.MethodsFormal ethical approval was obtained prior to design and development of this study, and appropriate commercial software was sourced. The exercise of data capture was integrated into the process of service delivery and was accomplished at the endpoint of patient care. 12 months after implementation of the registry, the data were extracted and audited.ResultsA total of 2,733 patients were admitted over the 12 month study period. The average patient age was 28.3 years. There were 2,255 (82.5 %) male patients and 478 (17.5 %) female patients. The average monthly admission rate was 228 patients, with a peak of 354 admissions over the December period. The mean injury severity score (ISS) was 12 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.7–23.2]. A quarter (24.8 %) of all new emergency admissions had an ISS > 15. The average duration of stay for patients was 5.12 days (IQR 2.3–13.2 days). Some 2,432 (92.1 %) patients survived, and 208 (7.9 %) died. A total of 333 (13 %) patients required admission to either the intensive care unit (ICU) or the high dependency unit. From the city mortuary data a further 362 deaths were identified. These included 290 deaths that occurred on scene and 72 that occurred within Pietermaritzburg hospitals other than Greys and Edendale. The total trauma‐related mortality for the entire city in 2012 was 570 (51 % on‐scene deaths and 49 % in‐hospital deaths). Blunt trauma accounted for 62 % of deaths.ConclusionsThe PMTS treats a significant volume and spectrum of trauma. Despite significant resource limitations, we have managed to implement a functional and sustainable trauma service across multiple hospitals. We believe the major resource deficits limiting our service could be ameliorated by the development of an additional trauma facility, adequately equipped with dedicated trauma operating slates and trauma ICU beds. The adoption of our current model of trauma care came out of a need to work within our resource constraints, and it differs from the traditional model. Within the aforementioned limits, our data suggest that this model of delivering care is feasible, practical, and successful. Considering the universal burden of trauma and the all‐too‐common imbalance between resource demand and supply among many health‐care institutions, it is our hope that this report will contribute to the ongoing academic debate around the topic of optimal systems of providing global trauma care.
Heterogeneity of Colon Cancer Patients Reported as Emergencies
Authors: Gunnarsson H. , Jennische K. , Forssell S. , Granström J. , Jestin P. , Ekholm A. , Olsson L. I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundUp to one‐fourth of all colon cancer patients are reported as emergencies, and the aim of the present study was to scrutinize mode of presentation in this group.Materials and MethodsAll reported cases of emergency (n = 263) and randomly selected elective controls (1:2) of colon cancer in four Swedish counties 2006–2008 were eligible (n = 854). Symptoms and aspects of management were retrieved from surgery and primary care records. Outcomes were compared using Kaplan–Meier estimates and Cox regression.ResultsAmong patients reported as emergencies, 158/263 (60 %) underwent operation within three days (acute), and 105 (40 %) after more than 3 days (subacute). In the latter group, 20/94 (21 %) had reported two symptoms, and 31/94 (33 %) had reported three or more symptoms associated with colon cancer to primary care during the last 12 months prior to surgery. In total, 46/105 (44 %) had already had an examination of the large bowel, and 52/105 (50 %) were stage IV, as opposed to 36/158 (23 %) in the acute group and 83/577 (15 %) in the elective group (p < 0.001). Mortality at 30 and 90 days was 15.2 and 35.6 % in the subacute group, 8.2 and 14.9 % in the acute group (p = 0.001), and 1.9 and 4.3 % in the elective group (p < 0.001); 5‐year survival was 28.3, 40.1, and 57.8 %, respectively, in the three groups (p < 0.001). The hazard ratio, adjusted for age, sex, and stage, was 1.88 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.5–2.4) for the acute group and 2.29 (95 % CI 1.7–3.1) for the subacute group.ConclusionsColon cancer patients reported as emergencies but operated upon more than three days after admission had the worst outcome. Efforts to decrease the interval between admission and surgery is one important aspect of care, but wider attention must also be paid to this group of patients.
Minimizing Preventable Trauma Deaths in a Limited‐Resource Setting: A Test‐Case of a Multidisciplinary Panel Review Approach at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Dominic , Mock Charles , Karikari Patrick , Agyei‐Baffour Peter , Donkor Peter , Ebel Beth 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective
Our objectives were to determine the proportion of preventable trauma deaths at a large trauma hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, and to identify opportunities for the improvement of trauma care.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel of experts evaluated pre‐hospital, hospital, and postmortem data of consecutive trauma patients who died over a 5‐month period in 2006–2007 at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. The panel judged the preventability of each death. For preventable and potentially preventable deaths, deficiencies in care that contributed to their deaths were identified.
ResultsThe panel reviewed 231 trauma deaths. Of these, 84 charts had sufficient information to review preventable factors. The panel determined that 23 % of trauma deaths were definitely preventable, 37 % were potentially preventable, and 40 % were not preventable. One main deficiency in care was identified for each of the 50 definitely preventable and potentially preventable deaths. The most common deficiencies were pre‐hospital delays (44 % of the 50 deficiencies), delay in treatment (32 %), and inadequate fluid resuscitation (22 %). Among the 19 definitely preventable deaths, the most common cause of death was hemorrhage (47 %), and the most common deficiencies were inadequate fluid resuscitation (37 % of deficiencies in this group) and pre‐hospital delay (37 %).ConclusionsA high proportion of trauma fatalities might have been preventable by decreasing pre‐hospital delays, adequate resuscitation in hospital, and earlier initiation of care, including definitive surgical management. The study also showed that preventable death panel reviews are a feasible and useful quality improvement method in the study setting.
Effect of Storage Conditions and Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Sunflower–Chia Oil Blends
Authors: Guiotto Estefania N. , Ixtaina Vanesa Y. , Nolasco Susana M. , Tomás Mabel C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe mixture of different proportions of sunflower with chia oil provides a simple method to prepare edible oils with a wide range of desired fatty acid compositions. Sunflower–chia (90:10 and 80:20 wt/wt) oil blends with the addition of rosemary (ROS), ascorbyl palmitate (AP) and their blends (AP:ROS) were formulated to evaluate the oxidative stability during storage at two temperature levels normally used, cool (4 ± 1 °C) and room temperature (20 ± 2 °C) for a period of 360 days. Peroxide values (PV) of the oil blends with antioxidants stored at 4 ± 1 °C showed levels ≤10.0 mequiv O2/kg oil; the lowest levels of PV were found for blends with AP:ROS. Values higher than 10.0 mequiv O2/kg were observed between 120–240 days for oil blends stored at 20 ± 2 °C. Similar trends were observed with p‐anisidine and Totox values. The oxidative stability determined by the Rancimat method and differential scanning calorimetry showed a greater susceptibility of the oils to oxidative deterioration with increasing unsaturated fatty acids content. The addition of antioxidants increased the induction time and decreased the Arrhenius rate constant, indicating an improvement in the oxidative stability for all the oil blends. Temperature had a strong influence on the stability of these blends during storage.
Long-term results of a nationwide general ultrasound screening system for developmental disorders of the hip: The Austrian hip screening program
Authors: Thallinger Christoph , Pospischill Renata , Ganger Rudolf , Radler Christof , Krall Christoph , Grill Franz 
Published: January 2014

Background Diagnosis and early treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) continue to be issues of discussion. In 1992, a nationwide general ultrasound screening program using Graf technique was introduced to detect DDH in Austria. We investigated the effects of this program on the rates of operative and conservative interventions and the influence of the program on the number of hospital admissions for the treatment of DDH. Methods All cases of DDH documented in Austrian hospitals from 1992 to 2008 were included in this retrospective study. The database of the Austrian Ministry of Health was used to extract documented diagnoses and treatments. Results Since the introduction of the screening program, the number of patients who require pelvic surgery to treat DDH has decreased by 46 % and the number of open reductions is as low as 0.16 per 1,000 live births. Hospital admissions for the treatment of DDH decreased from 9.5 to 3.6 per 1,000 live births. All noted results gained statistical significance. Conclusion Compared with routine clinically based screening programs, our results confirm low numbers of open reductions and pelvic surgeries. We, therefore, advocate a standardized nationwide general ultrasound screening program to reduce the rates of operative interventions and hospital admissions associated with the treatment of DDH. Level of evidence Level III, diagnostic