bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Knowledge Gaps in Iraqi Nurses' Understanding of Antihypertensive Drug Risks
Authors: Ali Wasfi Dhahir Abid , Hamid Samahir Sabri , Sabah Muhammed , Al-Hijaj Zahrraa Mahmood Hussain , Baker Sundos , Atiyah Maher A. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Poor adherence to antihypertensive medications and persistently elevated blood pressure contribute significantly to cardiovascular events, increased hospitalizations, and premature mortality. Specific Background: Adverse effects of antihypertensive medications, such as cough, dizziness, and increased urination, often lead to non-adherence, exacerbating these health risks. Knowledge Gap: There is limited understanding of nurses' knowledge regarding the adverse effects of antihypertensive medications, particularly in developing regions. Aims: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of nurses in Basra, Iraq, about the adverse effects of antihypertensive medications and to identify areas needing improvement. Results: Seventy nurses (both male and female) from various hospitals in Basra participated in a questionnaire. Findings revealed that only 49.78% of nurses were confident in their knowledge about the adverse effects of these medications, 20% did not know the answers, and 25.9% were unsure. The overall mean score was significant (2.27), indicating insufficient knowledge. Novelty: This study provides the first detailed assessment of nurses' understanding of antihypertensive medication adverse effects in Basra, highlighting a critical gap in knowledge and the need for targeted educational interventions. Implications: Enhancing academic and practical training for nurses is essential to improve patient care and adherence to hypertension treatments. Future research should focus on developing and implementing educational programs and continuous assessment frameworks to ensure nurses are well-equipped to manage and communicate the adverse effects of antihypertensive medications. By addressing these gaps, healthcare providers can better support patients in adhering to their treatment regimens, ultimately reducing cardiovascular risks and improving patient outcomes. Highlights: Knowledge Gap: Only 49.78% of nurses confident about antihypertensive medication adverse effects. Implications: Enhance nurse training to improve patient care and treatment adherence. Future Research: Develop educational interventions and continuous assessment frameworks for nurses. Keywords: Antihypertensive Medications, Nurse Knowledge, Adverse Effects, Hypertension, Patient Adherence
Uncovering the Knowledge Landscape of Food-Drug Interactions Among Medical Professionals
Authors: Sami Oula Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Background: Drug-food interactions (DFIs) can alter drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, impacting patient outcomes. Health care professionals (HCPs) play a critical role in managing these interactions. Specific Background: Despite their significance, the awareness of DFIs among Iraqi medical professionals is inadequately documented. Knowledge Gap: There is a lack of comprehensive studies evaluating the knowledge of DFIs among medical professionals in Iraq, which is crucial for improving patient care and therapeutic efficacy. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of food-drug interactions among Iraqi medical professionals, including medical students, newly graduated doctors, and junior doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire with 20 questions evaluating knowledge on common DFIs. Results: The study revealed a concerning lack of knowledge about DFIs among participants, with junior doctors scoring an average of 7.1 out of 15, newly graduated doctors 6.38, and sixth-grade medical students 5.27. Only 13% felt knowledgeable about DFIs, while 31.7% acknowledged their insufficient understanding. Notably, knowledge on interactions such as tyramine-rich foods with antidepressants and grapefruit juice with statins was limited. Novelty: This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of DFI knowledge among Iraqi medical professionals, highlighting significant gaps and educational needs. Implications: The findings underscore the necessity for enhanced educational programs targeting DFIs in medical curricula, ensuring HCPs are equipped to counsel patients effectively, thereby improving patient safety and therapeutic outcomes. These results emphasize the importance of targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gap, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes and informed patient care in Iraq.
Highlights:

Knowledge Gaps: Iraqi medical professionals lack understanding of common food-drug interactions.

Education Needed: Enhanced training on interactions is essential in medical curricula.

Patient Safety: Improving knowledge will lead to better patient outcomes.

Keywords: Food–Drug Interactions, Knowledge, Drug Interaction, Medical Students
Chemical Study of Iraqi Kassub Plant Eryngium creticum Lam and its Geographical Distribution in Diyala Province
Authors: Hashim Nisreen Sabbar , Karim Kamail Ali , Ali Lubab Ghati , Mahmoods Shireen Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

General Background: The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants has garnered increasing interest, particularly in relation to their chemical compositions and geographical distributions. Specific Background: This study focuses on Eryngium creticum Lam, an Apiaceae family plant known as Iraqi Kassub, prevalent in the Diyala province of Iraq. Knowledge Gap: Despite its traditional use in treating various ailments, there is a lack of comprehensive chemical analysis and geographical distribution data for this plant. Aims: The objective of this research was to identify the chemical components of Eryngium creticum Lam through GC-MS analysis and to map its geographical distribution within the Diyala province. Results: The chemical study revealed 101 distinct compounds in the alcoholic extract of the plant, highlighting a significant presence of sitosterols and sugars. These compounds are associated with antioxidant properties and therapeutic applications, including the treatment of envenomations, leishmaniasis, and anemia. Novelty: This study is novel in its detailed chemical profiling and geographical mapping of Eryngium creticum Lam, providing new insights into its medicinal value and distribution. Implications: The findings underscore the plant's potential as a therapeutic resource and emphasize the need for further research. Future studies should aim to isolate and characterize bioactive compounds such as phenols and flavonoids and assess their efficacy and safety through in vivo models to validate their therapeutic potential.
Highlights:

GC-MS identified 101 compounds.
Bioactive compounds with therapeutic properties.
Mapped geographical distribution in Diyala.

Keywords: Eryngium creticum, GC-MS, therapeutic potential, chemical profile, geographical distribution
Analysis of nucleotide site variability of nine glycoproteins on varicella-zoster virus envelope, Jilin Province, China, 2010-March 2024
Authors: Li Xiran , Sun Hongyan , Qin Guixiang , Sun Ying , Li Xiang , Tian Xin , Han Mengying , Wang Ji , Ji Shangwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Chickenpox is endemic worldwide. In China, varicella has not yet been included in the list of legal infectious diseases, nor has a unified national surveillance program been established. And the live attenuated varicella vaccine has not been included in routine immunization. In this study, we analyzed for the first time the chickenpox epidemiology in Jilin Province in the past 20 years, and the nucleotide site, amino acid site and N-glycosylation site variation of glycoprotein in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) surface 9 in the past 15 years. The results showed that the reported incidence of varicella in Jilin Province in the last 20 years was fluctuating above and below 20/10,000, especially after the epidemic of the COVID-19, and fatal cases appeared in individual years. The genotypic branching of VZV was monitored as Clade 2 in the last 15 years. 9 glycogen nucleotide sites of VZV have different degrees of variability, and the variability has specificity. therefore, it gives us the idea that in order to reduce the incidence of varicella and herpes zoster a provincial or even national surveillance program should be introduced as early as possible, and the dynamic monitoring of the variability of the nucleotide sites of VZV should be strengthened at the same time as the vaccine immunization strategy is introduced.
The Effect of Gastric Botox on Body Weight Loss: A Clinical Experience
Authors: YILDIZ Yasin Alper , KARLI Kevser 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Backround/Aims:
This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of gastric botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection in the treatment of obesity. Anthropometric changes, diet adaptation, Early feelings of satiety, and constipation status were analyzed in the injected patients during a sixteen-week period.
Materials and Methods
A sample of this study consists of 31 female patients who received BTX-A injections between January and March 2023. Patients' information was accessed from patient follow-up files. The file includes sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements, dietary adaptation data measured by visual analog score, and data on satiety and constipation. A diet containing 1000 calories of 40% carbohydrates, 25% protein, and 35% fat was given to the patients by the dietitian. The results were calculated with the SPSS 22.0 program and interpreted at a 95% confidence level.
Results
500 U BTX-A injection was effective in reducing body weight, BMI, fat mass and fat percentages. There was a loss of 5.12 kg in body weight and a decrease of 1.8 points in BMI. An important part of weight loss in the body is adipose tissue. There was no significant loss of fat-free mass. Diet adaptation and early satiety were less in the sixteenth week than in the first weeks.
Conclusion
BTX-A injection is effective in losing body weight, BMI, and fat mass together with diet therapy. It is thought that it can be applied in the treatment of obesity together with diet in patients who are suitable for injection. btx-a injection also increases the diet compliance of patients who do not comply with the diet.
In the Shadow of Smith’s Invisible Hand: Risks to Economic Stability and Social Wellbeing in the Age of Intelligence
Authors: Occhipinti Jo-An , Hynes William , Prodan Ante , Eyre Harris A. , Green Roy , Burrow Sharan , Tanner Marcel , Buchanan John , Ujdur Goran , Destrebecq Frederic , Song Christine , Carnevale Steven , Hickie Ian B. , Heffernan Mark 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Work is fundamental to societal prosperity and mental health, providing financial security, identity, purpose, and social integration. Job insecurity, underemployment and unemployment are well-documented risk factors for mental health issues and suicide. The emergence of generative artificial intelligence (AI) has catalysed debate on job displacement and its corollary impacts on individual and social wellbeing. Some argue that many new jobs and industries will emerge to offset the displacement, while others foresee a widespread decoupling of economic productivity from human input threatening jobs on an unprecedented scale. This study explores the conditions under which both may be true and examines the potential for a self-reinforcing cycle of recessionary pressures that would necessitate sustained government intervention to maintain job security and economic stability. A system dynamics model was developed to undertake ex ante analysis of the effect of AI-capital deepening on labour underutilisation and demand in the economy. Results indicate that even a moderate increase in the AI-capital-to-labour ratio could increase labour underutilisation to double its current level, decrease per capita disposable income by 26% (95% interval, 20.6% − 31.8%), and decrease the consumption index by 21% (95% interval, 13.6% − 28.3%) by mid-2050. To prevent a reduction in per capita disposable income due to the estimated increase in underutilization, at least a 10.8-fold increase in the new job creation rate would be necessary. Results demonstrate the feasibility of an AI-capital-to-labour ratio threshold beyond which even high rates of new job creation cannot prevent declines in consumption. The precise threshold will vary across economies, emphasizing the urgent need for empirical research tailored to specific contexts. This study underscores the need for cross-sectoral government measures to ensure a smooth transition to an AI-dominated economy to safeguard the Mental Wealth of nations.
Evidence brief: Evaluation of a tool for measuring practice change in healthcare settings
Authors: Pain Tilley , Brown Amy , Kingston Gail , Perks Stephen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Research growth at a regional Australian public health service prompted a search for ways to measure impact. Clinician researchers developed a one-page document defining the clinical problem, a summary of the evidence and a solution to the problem. The document was named Evidence Brief (EB) and was initially a means of communicating practice changes from allied health research. This study evaluates the EB to determine whether it can be a metric for translation.
Methods
A multiple case study design was used. Four cases were chosen, three from completed EBs and one from a quality improvement project. Each case was investigated via document review, including EB, published journal articles, policies, or guidelines, plus semi-structured interviews conducted with relevant stakeholders. Analysis was conducted in four stages: case context and description, within-case analysis, cross-case analysis and interpretation and evaluation using thematic analysis.
Results
Document analysis confirmed practice change, rationale and evidence for change, the instigator of change and enablers. Cross-case analysis identified commonalities such as an expanded scope of practice, clinician-led change, and the inclusion of salient stakeholders to ensure that translation occurred. Differences included the timing of funding and the reach of change.
Conclusion
EBs effectively communicate practice change. Each EB describes a unit of change resulting from research or quality improvement projects, suggesting its usefulness as a measure of change. A modified version of the EB is proposed as a starting point for future impact assessments to measure longer-term impacts.
Sustainable Menstrual Solutions: A Scoping Review of Novel Eco-friendly Materials for Reusable Menstrual Pads
Authors: Rajah Amina Suleiman , Yunusa UMAR YUNUSA , TASHI FAIZA , Abdullahi SIDETU , TUKUNTAWA ABDULAZIZ 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The increasing demand for sustainable menstrual products has led to a growing interest in innovative materials that reduce environmental impact. Reusable menstrual pads (RMPs) offer a sustainable alternative, but the effectiveness and properties of novel eco-friendly materials for reusable menstrual pads remain unclear.
Aim
The objective of this scoping review is to identify novel eco-friendly materials used for reusable menstrual pads, with a particular focus on their properties and environmental impact.
Methods: This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A comprehensive three-step search strategy was employed to locate both published and unpublished studies. The initial search was conducted across databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, AJOL, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Worldwide Science, Science.gov, and the Global Health database. Studies investigating novel eco-friendly materials for reusable menstrual pads, published in English, focusing on women and girls of reproductive age, comparing eco-friendly materials with conventional pads, or reporting on properties and environmental impact of these plant-based fibres. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts using the software Covidence. Data were extracted and charted using a standardized form. This search was conducted in February, 2024.
Results: The search yielded 479 studies, 37 studies were assessed for full-text review which led to inclusion of 16 studies. A diverse array of eco-friendly materials were identified for reusable menstrual pads. The top layer includes bamboo, banana, organic cotton, and other natural fibers. The core layer, focused on absorbency, features materials like cotton terry cloth, hemp, bamboo wadding and bamboo kun. The bottom layer uses water-repellent materials such as polyester, polyurethane laminate, nylon, and bio-plastic sheets.
Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of plant-based fibres as eco-friendly materials for reusable menstrual pads. However, the scarcity of high-quality evidence, particularly on user experience, life cycle assessments and randomized controlled trials necessitates further research.
Infrared spectroscopy as a new approach for early Fabry disease screening: a pilot study
Authors: Barretto Carolina Teles , Nascimento Márcia Helena Cassago , Brun Bruna Ferro , Silva Tiago Barcelos da , Dias Pedro Augusto Costa , Silva Cassiano Augusto Braga , Singh Maneesh N. , Martin Francis L. , Filgueiras Paulo Roberto , Romão Wanderson , Campos Luciene Cristina Gastalho , Barauna Valerio Garrone 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder marked by alpha-galactosidase-A (α-Gal A) deficiency, caused by pathogenic mutations in the GLA gene, resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids within lysosomes. The current screening test consists of measuring α-Gal A activity. However, this approach is limited to males. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a technique that can generate fingerprint spectra of a biofluid’s molecular composition and has been successfully applied to screen numerous diseases. Herein, we investigate the vibration profile of plasma chemical bonds in patients with FD through attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.
Results
The Fabry disease group (n = 47) and the healthy control group (n = 52) recruited exhibited similar ages (39.2 ± 16.9 and 36.7 ± 10.9 years, respectively), and females were predominant in both groups (59.6% vs. 65.4%). All patients had the classic phenotype (100%), and no late-onset phenotype was detected. PLS-DA classification model independent of gender allowed differentiation of the samples between Fabry and the control groups, reaching 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
Conclusion
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy harnessed to pattern recognition algorithms can distinguish between FD patients and healthy control participants as a fast-screening test.
GestaltGAN: Synthetic photorealistic portraits of individuals with rare genetic disorders
Authors: Krawitz Peter , Hustinx Alexander , Javanmardi Behnam , Hsieh Tzung-Chien , Brand Fabian , Hellmann Fabio , Mertes Silvan , André Elisabeth , Moosa Shahida , Schultz Thomas , Solomon Benjamin , Kirchhoff Aron 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The facial gestalt (overall facial morphology) is a characteristic clinical feature in many genetic disorders that is often essential for suspecting and establishing a specific diagnosis. For that reason, publishing images of individuals affected by pathogenic variants in disease-associated genes has been an important part of scientific communication. Furthermore, medical imaging data is also crucial for teaching and training deep-learning models such as GestaltMatcher. However, medical data is often sparsely available, and sharing patient images involves risks related to privacy and re-identification. Therefore, we explored whether generative neural networks can be used to synthesize accurate portraits for rare disorders.
We modified a StyleGAN architecture and trained it to produce artifical condition-specific portraits for multiple disorders. In addition, we present a technique that generates a sharp and detailed average patient portrait for a given disorder. We trained our GestaltGAN on the 20 most frequent disorders from the GestaltMatcher database. We used REAL-ESRGAN to increase the resolution of portraits from the training data with low-quality and colorized black-and-white images. To augment the model's understanding of human facial features, an unaffected class was introduced to the training data.
We tested the validity of our generated portraits with 63 human experts. Our findings demonstrate the model's proficiency in generating photorealistic portraits that capture the characteristic features of a disorder while preserving patient privacy. Overall the output from our approach holds promise for various applications, including visualizations for publications and educational materials, as well as augmenting training data for deep-learning.
Identification of MITF Gene Mutation in Porcupines: A Novel Link to Congenital Deafness and Pigmentation Disorders
Authors: Li Kang , Huo Chunmao , Long Hong , Ke Ketong , Zhang Shibin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Worldwide, congenital deafness and pigmentation disorders impact millions with their diverse manifestations, and among these genetic conditions, mutations in the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF: OMIM#156845) gene are notable for their profound effects on melanocyte development and auditory functions. We first discovered congenital deafness in mutant porcupine individuals with abnormal pigmentation among artificially bred porcupines. Their phenotypic characteristics closely resemble those of human Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2 (WS2: OMIM#193510). This study aims to establish a mutant porcupine model family for identifying candidate pathogenic genes and mutation sites, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms of human hereditary deafness. By analyzing coat color, skin, and eyes, we distinguished between different porcupine phenotypes and utilized the auditory brainstem response (ABR) method to examine and identify hearing function. Then, we used Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) to identify and locate the target trait genes of porcupines with pigmentary aberrations. We collected auricle skin tissue from wild type porcupines for reference-free transcriptome sequencing, and then annotated and extracted the transcript sequences of candidate genes. Finally, primers based on the identified candidate genes were designed for PCR amplification, followed by verification through Sanger sequencing. Through BSA analysis, we identified a total of 88 SNP and 336 InDel candidate sites. By annotating the MITF gene, we obtained four unique transcript sequences. The SNP and InDel sites within the porcupine MITF gene sequence, identified through BSA screening, were analyzed in conjunction with the gene's annotation results. This analysis revealed a specific mutation site, MITF c.875_877delGAA p. (Arg217del), which was subsequently verified by Sanger sequencing. This study successfully identified a mutant in porcupine that reflects the genetic and phenotypic complexity of human congenital deafness and pigmentation disorders, specifically WS2.