bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining radiofrequency ablation and ethanol injection may achieve comparable long‐term outcomes in larger hepatocellular carcinoma (3.1–4 cm) and in high‐risk locations
Authors: Lin Ji‐Wei , Lin Chen‐Chun , Chen Wei‐Ting , Lin Shi‐Ming 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is more effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) < 3 cm. Combining percutaneous ethanol injection and RFA for HCC can increase ablation; however, the long‐term outcome remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare long‐term outcomes between patients with HCC of 2–3 cm versus 3.1–4 cm and in high‐risk versus non‐high‐risk locations after combination therapy. The primary endpoint was overall survival and the secondary endpoint was local tumor progression (LTP). Fifty‐four consecutive patients with 72 tumors were enrolled. Twenty‐two (30.6%) tumors and 60 (83.3%) tumors were of 3.1–4 cm and in high‐risk locations, respectively. Primary technique effectiveness was comparable between HCC of 2–3 cm versus 3.1–4 cm (98% vs. 95.5%, p = 0.521), and HCC in non‐high risk and high‐risk locations (100% vs. 96.7%, p = 1.000). The cumulative survival rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 90.3%, 78.9%, and 60.3%, respectively, in patients with HCC of 2–3 cm; 95.0%, 84.4%, and 69.3% in HCC of 3.1–4.0 cm (p = 0.397); 90.0%, 71.1%, and 71.1% in patients with HCC in non‐high‐risk locations; and 92.7%, 81.6%, and 65.4% in high‐risk locations (p = 0.979). The cumulative LTP rates at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were 10.2%, 32.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, in all HCCs; 12.6%, 33.9%, and 33.9% in HCC of 2–3 cm; 4.8%, 29.5%, and 29.5% in HCC of 3.1–4 cm (p = 0.616); 16.7%, 50.0%, and 50.0% in patients with HCC in non‐high‐risk locations; and 8.8%, 29.9%, and 29.9% in patients with HCC in high‐risk locations (p = 0.283). The cumulative survival and LTP rates were not significantly different among the various subgroups. Combining RFA and percutaneous ethanol injection achieved comparable long‐term outcomes in HCCs of 2–3 cm versus 3.1–4.0 cm and in high‐risk versus non‐high‐risk locations. A randomized controlled or cohort studies with larger sample size are warranted.
Paleogeographical reconstructions for the northeastern part of the latitudinal Ob’ region during the formation of petroleum horizon J2
Authors: Popov A.Yu. , Vakulenko L.G. , Kazanenkov V.A. , Yan P.A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
An integrated lithofacies analysis of the Middle–Upper Bathonian petroleum horizon J2 in the northeastern part of the latitudinal Ob’ region was carried out. The new data were used to supplement and refine the available data. The recognized lithofacies and their associations clearly mark off the boundaries of reconstructed sedimentation conditions. A petrographical study of the silt–sandy rocks of the horizon was carried out with a detailed calculation of their grain size and petrographic compositions. Grain size coefficients were analyzed with the use of genetic, dynamic, and dynamogenetic diagrams. The new data permitted a considerable refinement of the reconstructed sedimentation conditions of the horizon. It has been found that the transgressive change of sedimentation conditions is reflected in regular changes in some characteristics of the studied sediments: a decrease in the total number and thickness of coal interbeds, an increase in the degree of sediment bioturbation, a change of ichnofossils, and an increase in the amount of pyrite. More detailed paleogeographical schemes have been constructed for the formation of the lower (continental), middle (transitional), and upper (littoral marine) parts of the horizon. They provide a better understanding of the regularities of development of the Middle–Late Bathonian sedimentary basin in the study area.
Geomechanics and fluid flow effects on electric well logs: multiphysics modeling
Authors: Yeltsov I.N. , Nazarova L.A. , Nazarov L.A. , Nesterova G.V. , Sobolev A.Yu. , Epov M.I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Coupled geomechanic and fluid flow analysis is applied to develop theoretical and experimental background for geosteering and well logging to diagnose the state of near-wellbore formation and oil reservoir. The suggested methods of processing EM induction (VIKIZ) and Russian laterolog (RLL) resistivity responses account for effects of stress-dependent fluid flow changes. The geomechanic and fluid-flow effects on resistivity well logs are investigated for the case of asymmetric invasion and related irreversible deformation. Ways of taking into account stress-dependent effects on resistivity logs are developed on the basis of 3D modeling of geomechanic and electromagnetic fields.
Thermal conductivity of the sedimentary-cover rocks of the West Siberian Plate in relation to their humidity and porosity
Authors: Duchkov A.D. , Sokolova L.S. , Rodyakin S.V. , Chernysh P.S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We analyze the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity, porosity, and permeability of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from wells drilled in the northeast of the West Siberian Plate and in the Cis-Yenisei basin. The thermal conductivity was measured by a “Thermal-conductivity comparator”, and the porosity and permeability were determined using standard techniques. A total of 135 samples of dry rocks were studied for thermal conductivity (λd). Ninety-two of them were then saturated with water, and their thermal conductivity was measured again. The average thermal conductivity of dry and water-saturated (λw) sedimentary rocks is 1.8–2.0 W/m/K and 2.4–2.8 W/m/K, respectively. Porosity (Kpor) was measured for 95 samples, and permeability (Kperm), for 44 samples. Comparison of the results of measurements revealed stable linear correlations between the thermal conductivity of dry samples and λw, Kpor, and Kperm. The established dependences are proposed for the express evaluation of the thermal (λw from λd and Kpor values) and structural (Kpor and Kperm from λd values) properties of sedimentary rocks, though the revealed correlations need further refinement.
Forward modeling and inversion of induction logs from shaly sand reservoirs using petrophysical conductivity models
Authors: Glinskikh V.N. , Nesterova G.V. , Epov M.I. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Algorithms and software have been designed for petrophysical 2D forward simulation and inversion of induction logs from oil wells drilled in shaly sandstone using conductivity models for different clay types. As comparative analysis of relative amplitudes and phases of tool responses has demonstrated, it is possible to reliably and accurately estimate fluid saturation and porosity from induction logs. The applied 2D numerical inversion of both theoretical and well logs yielded quantitative estimates of petrophysical parameters of reservoirs, with clay volume fraction assumed according to the chosen conductivity model. Correction for the presence of clay improves inversion quality if clay content as well as type are taken into account.
Decoupling of the East Asian summer monsoon and Indian summer monsoon between 20 and 17 ka
Authors: Jiang Xiuyang , He Yaoqi , Shen Chuan-Chou , Lee Shi-Yu , Yang Bang , Lin Ke , Li Zhizhong 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMarine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 2, with its profound environmental and climatic changes from before the last glacial maximum (LGM) to the last deglaciation, is an ideal period for understanding the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and Indian summer monsoon (ISM), two Asian monsoon sub-systems. With 875 stable oxygen isotope ratios and 43 230Th dates from stalagmites in Sanxing Cave, southwestern China, we construct and interpret a new, replicated, Asian summer monsoon (ASM) record covering 30.9–9.7 ka with decadal resolution. δ18O records from this site and other reported Chinese caves display similar long-term orbitally dominated trends and synchronous millennial-scale strong and weak monsoonal events associated with climate changes in high northern latitudes. Interestingly, Sanxing δ18O and Arabian Sea records show a weakening ISM from 22 to 17 ka, while the Hulu and Qingtian records from East and Central China express a 3-ka intensifying EASM from 20 to 17 ka. This decoupling between EASM and ISM may be due to different sensitivities of the two ASM sub-systems in response to internal feedback mechanisms associated with the complex geographical or land-ocean configurations.
Getting a Job in Finance. The Strength of Collaboration Ties
Authors: Godechot Olivier 
Published: June 2014

Abstract“Weak ties”, a valuable aid in getting a job, are generally work ties. One reason for this feature is not that former colleagues increase one’s information but rather that they value the pursuit of past collaboration. We examine the consequence of the collaboration ties hypothesis in the financial industry labor market. In finance, the labor market values the assets that financial operatives take with them from one firm to another, such as knowledge, know-how and customers. Since assets are to a certain extent shared among co-workers, it is worth hiring business relations and former colleagues or moving in teams: this enables a better transfer of assets such as idiosyncratic work routines, distributed knowledge, or joint customers. To demonstrate our claims we rely on an online survey launched witheFinancialCareers.frcollected in September 2008 among French financial employees. This questionnaire shows that working at the core of financial markets favors the accumulation of key moveable assets on the one hand and of collaboration ties on the other. That is, collaboration ties and key moveable assets are strongly correlated. The moving of key assets, collaboration ties and notably the combination of those two dimensions all result in increased wages.
Violences d’un autre âge dans les villages indiens. Actualités d’Ambedkar
Authors: Herrenschmidt Olivier 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn many Indian villages, the Dalits (Scheduled Castes or former Untouchables) are victims of daily atrocities at the hands of the dominant castes. With respect to the 2006 murder of a family of Dalits by their village’s ruling caste, we show how the police, the medical profession, the courts, and the authorities combined to deny them justice and obstruct the enforcement of laws that are aimed at protecting them – with the involvement of many Dalit officials. In conclusion, it would seem that none of the options or strategies pursued by researchers or activists is likely to improve conditions for the Dalits in the near future: a caste system that is highly adapted to globalisation is far from disappearing; nor is the "practice of untouchability" prohibited by the Constitution (1950).
A decomposition for Hardy martingales II
Authors: MÜLLER PAUL F. X. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe prove Davis and Garsia Inequalities for dyadic perturbations of Hardy martingales and show that those inequalities play a substantial role in the proof of Bourgain's [1] embedding L1 ↪ L1/H10. This paper continues [17] on Davis and Garsia Inequalities (DGI).
Peripheral Nerve Injury Reduces Analgesic Effectsof Systemic Morphine via Spinal 5-Hydroxytryptamine 3 Receptors
Authors: Kimura Masafumi , Obata Hideaki , Saito Shigeru 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background:
Morphine produces powerful analgesic effects against acute pain, but it is not effective against neuropathic pain, and the mechanisms underlying this reduced efficacy remain unclear. Here, the authors compared the efficacy of systemic morphine between normal rats and rats with peripheral nerve injury, with a specific focus on descending serotonergic mechanisms.

Methods:
After L5 spinal nerve ligation injury, male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to behavioral testing, in vivo microdialysis of the spinal dorsal horn to determine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) and noradrenaline release, and immunohistochemistry (n = 6 in each group).

Results:
Intraperitoneal administration of morphine (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg) produced analgesic effects in normal and spinal nerve ligation rats, but the effects were greater in normal rats (P < 0.001). Morphine increased 5-HT release (450 to 500% of the baseline), but not noradrenaline release, in the spinal dorsal horn via activation of serotonergic neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla. Intrathecal pretreatment with ondansetron (3 μg), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatinine sulfate (100 μg), a selective neurotoxin for serotonergic terminals, attenuated the analgesic effect of morphine (10 mg/kg) in normal rats but increased the analgesic effect of morphine in spinal nerve ligation rats (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Systemic administration of morphine increases 5-HT levels in the spinal cord, and the increase in 5-HT contributes to morphine-induced analgesia in the normal state but attenuates that in neuropathic pain through spinal 5-HT3 receptors. The plasticity of the descending serotonergic system may contribute to the reduced efficacy of systemic morphine in neuropathic pain.
Modulation of the inflammation–coagulation interaction during pneumococcal pneumonia by immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505: Role of Toll‐like receptor 2
Authors: Zelaya Hortensia , Villena Julio , Lopez Andres Gramajo , Alvarez Susana , Agüero Graciela 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effect of nasally given Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 on the immunocoagulative response during pneumococcal infection in immunocompetent mice. In addition, we aimed to gain insight into the mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of the L. rhamnosus CRL1505 strain by evaluating the role of TLR2. Results showed that nasally given L. rhamnosus CRL1505 effectively regulates inflammation and hemostatic alterations during the pneumococcal infection. Immunobiotic treatment significantly reduced permeability of the bronchoalveolar–capillary barrier, and general cytotoxicity, decreasing lung tissue damage. The CRL1505 strain improved the production of TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐10 after pneumococcal challenge. In addition, increased TM and TF expressions were found in lungs of L. rhamnosus CRL1505‐treated mice. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the TLR2 signaling pathway has a role in the induction of IFN‐γ and IL‐10 and in the reduction of TF. The results also allow us to speculate that a PRR, other than TLR2, may mediate the immunobiotic activity of L. rhamnosus CRL1505 and could explain changes in TNF‐α and TM.
Ecological divergence among colour morphs mediated by changes in spatial network structure associated with disturbance
Authors: Lattanzio Matthew S. , Miles Donald B. 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Differences in individual behaviour affect social interactions and contribute to the spatial structuring of animal populations. However, disturbance should also affect spatial networks by altering habitat heterogeneity and resource availability. Variation in resource availability should perturb the frequency and nature of social and ecological interactions within a population by affecting the spatial distribution of individuals.

In disturbed habitats where resources are limiting, spatial relationships should reflect behavioural differences among individuals, with higher‐quality resources controlled by dominant individuals. In contrast, all individuals may exploit preferred resources in resource‐rich habitats. Environmental variation and population reorganization may also result in variation in morphological, behavioural and ecological traits, which ultimately affect fitness.

We addressed these considerations for male tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) at three sites that differ in levels of disturbance. The habitats at these localities differed in the availability of live trees, the preferred microhabitat of U. ornatus. In addition, male U. ornatus exhibits a polymorphism in dewlap colour linked with differences in aggression, which should influence their position in a network and access to resources. We applied a network framework to characterize the spatial organization of male morphs at each site and quantified male aggressive behaviour in the laboratory. We also compared body size, body condition, number of bite marks, parasite load and the microhabitat use and diet, of males among the sites.

We detected no significant differences in spatial network structure between unburned and infrequently burned sites. However, at a frequently burned site, the network shifted towards geographically closer, heteromorphic male neighbour associations. Males at this site were also larger, more aggressive and had more bite marks but fewer parasites than males at the other sites. Moreover, we detected divergence in microhabitat use and diet among the morphs at the frequently burned site that reflected the shift in spatial network structure and differences in morph behaviour. That is, only more aggressive morphs usurped trees and consumed prey from higher trophic levels.

We conclude that environmental variation may influence animal spatial network structure. Jointly, behavioural and environmental variation may promote despotic social dynamics and ecological divergence in resource‐limited habitats.
Essential Oils: Extraction, Bioactivities, and Their Uses for Food Preservation
Authors: Tongnuanchan Phakawat , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: June 2014

AbstractEssential oils are concentrated liquids of complex mixtures of volatile compounds and can be extracted from several plant organs. Essential oils are a good source of several bioactive compounds, which possess antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. In addition, some essential oils have been used as medicine. Furthermore, the uses of essential oils have received increasing attention as the natural additives for the shelf‐life extension of food products, due to the risk in using synthetic preservatives. Essential oils can be incorporated into packaging, in which they can provide multifunctions termed “active or smart packaging.” Those essential oils are able to modify the matrix of packaging materials, thereby rendering the improved properties. This review covers up‐to‐date literatures on essential oils including sources, chemical composition, extraction methods, bioactivities, and their applications, particularly with the emphasis on preservation and the shelf‐life extension of food products.
A review of the scope and measurement of postoperative quality of recovery
Authors: Bowyer A. , Jakobsson J. , Ljungqvist O. , Royse C. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTo date, postoperative quality of recovery lacks a universally accepted definition and assessment technique. Current quality of recovery assessment tools vary in their development, breadth of assessment, validation, use of continuous vs dichotomous outcomes and focus on individual vs group recovery. They have progressed from identifying pure restitution of physiological parameters to multidimensional assessments of postoperative function and patient‐focused outcomes. This review focuses on the progression of these tools towards an as yet unreached ideal that would provide multidimensional assessment of recovery over time at the individual and group level. A literature search identified 11 unique recovery assessment tools. The Postoperative Quality of Recovery Scale assesses recovery in multiple domains, including physiological, nociceptive, emotive, activities of daily living, cognition and patient satisfaction. It addresses recovery over time and compares individual patient data with base line, thus describing resumption of capacities and is an acceptable method for identification of individual patient recovery.
Neoliberal Capitalism and Conservation in the Post‐crisis Era: The Dialectics of “Green” and “Un‐green” Grabbing in Greece and the UK
Authors: Apostolopoulou Evangelia , Adams William M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract“Green‐grabbing”, in which environmental arguments support expropriation of land and resources, is a recognized element in neoliberal conservation. However, capitalism's strategic interest in promoting the neoliberalization of conservation is accompanied by attempts to exploit hitherto protected natures without any pretence at “greenness”. In this paper we explore the dialectics between “green” and “un‐green” grabbing as neoliberal strategies in the reconstruction of nature conservation policies after the 2008 financial “crash” in Greece and the UK. In both countries, accelerated neoliberalization is manifested in diverse ways, including initiatives to roll back conservation regulation, market‐based approaches to “saving” nature and the privatization of public nature assets. The intensification of “green” and “un‐green” grabbing reflects capitalism's strategic interest in both promoting and obstructing nature conservation, ultimately leaving for “protected natures” two choices: either to be further degraded to boost growth or to be “saved” through their deeper inclusion as commodities visible to the market.
Testes of fed and unfed Amblyomma cajennense ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). First morphological data
Authors: Anholeto Luís A. , Nunes Pablo H. , Remédio Rafael N. , Camargo‐Mathias Maria I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe tick species Amblyomma cajennense is of great medical importance, as it is the vector of the Rickettsia rickettsii, agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. The objective of this study was to perform a morphological and histological analysis of the male reproductive system of fed and unfed A. cajennense. The male reproductive system is formed by a pair of tubular testes dorsolaterally arranged in opisthosoma. They were divided into three regions: proximal region (next to vas deferens), median region and distal region (nearest to the blind ending of testis). Proximal regions are connected to the seminal vesicles by the deferent ducts and to accessory glands, similar to what was observed for other Ixodidae. Feeding plays a fundamental role in the development of the reproductive system, as in unfed individuals, the testes, the seminal vesicles and the accessory glands were smaller comparing with the fed individuals. In addition, the prospermia, precursors of the spermatozoa, were only observed in fed individuals. The germ cells were organized in spermatocysts, enveloped by a connective tissue. The cells in more advanced stages of spermatogenesis were localized in the distal region, in accord with studies in other ticks, but opposite to what was observed for other arthropods.
Fine structure of male genital tracts of some Acrididae and Tettigoniidae (Insecta: Orthoptera)
Authors: Viscuso Renata , Brundo Maria V. , Marletta Alessandro , Vitale Danilo G. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA morphological, histological and ultrastructural study was carried out on the spermiducts and seminal vesicles of some species of Acrididae and Tettigoniidae. In all the species examined, the spermiducts and seminal vesicles have a monolayered secretory epithelium. Only the species of Acrididae have the sac with a flattened epithelium. Furthermore, in the most distal tubule region of the seminal vesicles of Eyprepocnemis plorans plorans, a rather characteristic secretory mechanism was found: the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells contained a large vesicle delimited by tightly packed microvilli. Numerous small vesicles open into this large vesicle which gradually dilates to merge with the apical plasma membrane releasing its contents into the lumen. Spermiophagic activity was found in all the species investigated. In the Tettigoniidae, this activity was found only in some epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle wall; in the species of the Acrididae the spermiophagic activity was carried out in the spermiduct lumen by an epithelial‐type cellular group. Spermiophagic activity is discussed as well as its role in the reproduction of these insects.