bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of clinical practice guidelines with emergency department management of febrile infants ≤56 days of age
Authors: Aronson Paul L. , Thurm Cary , Williams Derek J. , Nigrovic Lise E. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Tieder Joel S. , Shah Samir S. , McCulloh Russell J. , Balamuth Fran , Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Alessandrini Evaline A. , Browning Whitney L. , Myers Angela L. , Neuman Mark I. ,   for the Febrile Young Infant Research Collaborative
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDDifferences among febrile infant institutional clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) may contribute to practice variation and increased healthcare costs.OBJECTIVEDetermine the association between pediatric emergency department (ED) CPGs and laboratory testing, hospitalization, ceftriaxone use, and costs in febrile infants.DESIGNRetrospective cross‐sectional study in 2013.SETTINGThirty‐three hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System.PATIENTSInfants aged ≤56 days with a diagnosis of fever.EXPOSURESThe presence and content of ED‐based febrile infant CPGs assessed by electronic survey.MEASUREMENTSUsing generalized estimating equations, we evaluated the association between CPG recommendations and rates of urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing, hospitalization, and ceftriaxone use at ED discharge in 2 age groups: ≤28 days and 29 to 56 days. We also assessed CPG impact on healthcare costs.RESULTSWe included 9377 ED visits; 21 of 33 EDs (63.6%) had a CPG. For neonates ≤28 days, CPG recommendations did not vary and were not associated with differences in testing, hospitalization, or costs. Among infants 29 to 56 days, CPG recommendations for CSF testing and ceftriaxone use varied. CSF testing occurred less often at EDs with CPGs recommending limited testing compared to hospitals without CPGs (adjusted odds ratio: 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.3‐0.8). Ceftriaxone use at ED discharge varied significantly based on CPG recommendations. Costs were higher for admitted and discharged infants 29 to 56 days old at hospitals with CPGs.CONCLUSIONSCPG recommendations for febrile infants 29 to 56 days old vary across institutions for CSF testing and ceftriaxone use, correlating with observed practice variation. CPGs were not associated with lower healthcare costs. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:358–365. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Evolution of the branchiostegal membrane and restricted gill openings inActinopterygian fishes
Authors: Farina Stacy C. , Near Thomas J. , Bemis William E. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA phylogenetic survey is a powerful approach for investigating the evolutionary history of a morphological characteristic that has evolved numerous times without obvious functional implications. Restricted gill openings, an extreme modification of the branchiostegal membrane, are an example of such a characteristic. We examine the evolution of branchiostegal membrane morphology and highlight convergent evolution of restricted gill openings. We surveyed specimens from 433 families of actinopterygians for branchiostegal membrane morphology and measured head and body dimensions. We inferred a relaxed molecular clock phylogeny with branch length estimates based on nine nuclear genes sampled from 285 species that include all major lineages of Actinopterygii. We calculated marginal state reconstructions of four branchiostegal membrane conditions and found that restricted gill openings have evolved independently in at least 11 major actinopterygian clades, and the total number of independent origins of the trait is likely much higher. A principal component analysis revealed that fishes with restricted gill openings occupy a larger morphospace, as defined by our linear measurements, than do fishes with nonrestricted openings. We used a decision tree analysis of ecological data to determine if restricted gill openings are linked to certain environments. We found that fishes with restricted gill openings repeatedly occur under a variety of ecological conditions, although they are rare in open‐ocean pelagic environments. We also tested seven ratios for their utility in distinguishing between fishes with and without restricted gill openings, and we propose a simple metric for quantifying restricted gill openings (RGO), defined as a ratio of the distance from the ventral midline to the gill opening relative to half the circumference of the head. Functional explanations for this specialized morphology likely differ within each clade, but its repeated evolution indicates a need for a better understanding of diversity of ventilatory morphology among fishes. J. Morphol. 276:681–694, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Immediate post‐doxorubicin drug‐eluting beads chemoembolization Mr Apparent diffusion coefficient quantification predicts response in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A pilot study
Authors: Kokabi Nima , Camacho Juan C. , Xing Minzhi , Edalat Faramarz , Mittal Pardeep K. , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: February 2015

PurposeTo investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) immediately post‐doxorubicin drug‐eluting beads transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (DEB‐TACE) therapy as an early imaging biomarker of therapy response.Materials and MethodsIn a single‐center prospective correlative study, 12 consecutive patients, median age 64 years, underwent DEB‐TACE and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) and DWI (b = 50,400,800 s/mm2) MRI at baseline with respect to first DEB‐TACE, within 3 hours, and at 1 and 3 months posttherapy. DCE imaging response was evaluated according to target mRECIST and EASL. Relative change (RC) in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of treated lesions was measured on follow‐ups. Correlation between ADC RC in tumors and anatomical response were evaluated with paired t‐test and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. Survival from first DEB‐TACE was estimated using Kaplan–Meier and log‐rank analysis.ResultsCompared to baseline, mean ADC increased significantly for responders within 3 hours post‐DEB‐TACE (0.73 ± 0.20 mm2/s vs. 0.99 ± 0.28 mm2/s × 10−3 (P = 0.001)). There was no significant change in ADC within 3 hours for nonresponders. ADC RC threshold of 20% immediately post‐DEB‐TACE showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in predicting anatomical response at 1 and 3 months with patients with ≥20% ADC increase demonstrated significantly prolonged mean overall survival compared to others (25.4 vs. 13.3 months (P = 0.017)).ConclusionADC relative change of ≥20% immediately post‐DEB‐TACE is an accurate predictor of objective and quantitative treatment response and prolonged survival in unresectable HCC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:981–989.
Dose planning objectives in anal canal cancer IMRT: the TROG ANROTAT experience
Authors: Brown Elizabeth , Cray Alison , Haworth Annette , Chander Sarat , Lin Robert , Subramanian Brindha , Ng Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionIntensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is ideal for anal canal cancer (ACC), delivering high doses to irregular tumour volumes whilst minimising dose to surrounding normal tissues. Establishing achievable dose objectives is a challenge. The purpose of this paper was to utilise data collected in the Assessment of New Radiation Oncology Treatments and Technologies (ANROTAT) project to evaluate the feasibility of ACC IMRT dose planning objectives employed in the Australian situation.MethodsTen Australian centres were randomly allocated three data sets from 15 non‐identifiable computed tomography data sets representing a range of disease stages and gender. Each data set was planned by two different centres, producing 30 plans. All tumour and organ at risk (OAR) contours, prescription and dose constraint details were provided. Dose–volume histograms (DVHs) for each plan were analysed to evaluate the feasibility of dose planning objectives provided.ResultsAll dose planning objectives for the bone marrow (BM) and femoral heads were achieved. Median planned doses exceeded one or more objectives for bowel, external genitalia and bladder. This reached statistical significance for bowel V30 (P = 0.04), V45 (P < 0.001), V50 (P < 0.001), external genitalia V20 (P < 0.001) and bladder V35 (P < 0.001), V40 (P = 0.01). Gender was found to be the only significant factor in the likelihood of achieving the bowel V50 (P = 0.03) and BM V30 constraints (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe dose planning objectives used in the ANROTAT project provide a good starting point for ACC IMRT planning. To facilitate clinical implementation, it is important to prioritise OAR objectives and recognise factors that affect the achievability of these objectives.
Wide temperature range SiGe HBT noise parameter modeling and LNA design for extreme environment Electronics
Authors: Niu Guofu , Ma Rongchen , Luo Lan , Cressler John D. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates modeling of silicon‐germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor noise parameters and impedance‐matched Low‐Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) intended for operation across a wide temperature range (from 93 to 393 K). In general, noise performance improves with cooling until about 150 K, then degrades some because of carrier freeze‐out. With a temperature independent bias current, an LNA designed for 300 K operation shows acceptable performance from 93 to 393 K, albeit with some degradation of linearity below 120 K. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Black‐box noise modeling of GaAs HEMTs under illumination
Authors: Colangeli Sergio , Ciccognani Walter , Limiti Ernesto , Caddemi Alina , Crupi Giovanni , Salvo Giuseppe 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe present work is focused on the modeling of the noise performance of GaAs HEMTs under laser illumination. The model is straightforwardly extracted by using a polynomial approximation of the noise correlation parameters without the need for determining an equivalent circuit representation. The validity of the model is confirmed by the observed good agreement between model simulations and noise measurements with and without light up to 26 GHz. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the temporal variability of winter daily extreme temperatures and precipitations in southern Quebec (Canada) using the Lombard and copula methods
Authors: Guerfi Nadjet , Assani Ali A. , Mesfioui Mhamed , Kinnard Christophe 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough numerous studies have looked at the long‐term trend of the temporal variability of winter temperature and precipitation in southern Quebec, no study has focused on the shifts in series means and the dependence between these two types of climate variables associated with this long‐term trend. To fill these gaps, we used the Lombard method to detect the shifts in mean values and the copula method to detect any change in dependence between extreme (maximum and minimum) temperatures and precipitation (snow and rain) over the periods 1950–2000 (17 stations) and 1950–2010 (7 stations). During these two periods, the shifts in mean values of temperature and precipitation were recorded at less than half of the stations. The only significant change observed at the provincial scale is a decrease in the amount of snowfall, which occurred in many cases during the 1970s. This decrease affected stations on the north shore (continental temperate climate) more strongly than stations on the south shore (maritime temperate climate) of the St Lawrence River. However, this decrease in the amount of snowfall had no impact on the dependence over time between temperature and precipitation as snow.
Optimisation of a cheap and residential small‐scale production of edible crickets with local by‐products as an alternative protein‐rich human food source in Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia
Authors: Caparros Megido Rudy , Alabi Taofic , Nieus Clément , Blecker Christophe , Danthine Sabine , Bogaert Jan , Haubruge Éric , Francis Frédéric 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health status of the indigenous people of Ratanakiri Province, Cambodia, is significantly lower compared with that of the rest of the nation. The domestication and mass production of insects may represent a sustainable, cost effective and high quality alternative source of protein to traditional livestock. This study aimed to optimise a cheap and residential cricket breeding system based on unused wild resources. The development of crickets, Teleogryllus testaceus (Walker), under seven diets composed of taro aerial parts, young cassava leaves, young cashew leaves and brown rice flour (with or without banana slices), versus a traditionally used broiler feed diet was studied.RESULTSCricket mortality was low in all diets, except the two cashew‐based diets. Total biomass was significantly higher under the broiler feed, in addition to the two diets containing a combination of cassava leaf powder and brown rice. Yet, crickets fed with the taro diet had the highest percentage of protein. Concerning the breeding system cost, units using cassava leaves were the cheapest.CONCLUSIONDiets based on cassava leaves seem to be the most promising. Nevertheless, to produce crickets with a high body mass and a high protein level, a new experiments must be devised in which cassava leaf maturity will be adapted to fit with the cricket growth stage. Moreover, to reduce the cost of the breeding units, handmade local products should be used instead of purchased components. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of newborn hearing screening on the age at cochlear implantation in children
Authors: Lammers Marc J. W. , Jansen Thijs T. G. , Grolman Wilko , Lenarz Thomas , Versnel Huib , van Zanten Gijsbert A. , Topsakal Vedat , Lesinski‐Schiedat Anke 
Published: February 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the influence of the introduction of newborn hearing screening programs on the age at cochlear implantation in children.Study DesignRetrospective, multicenter cohort study.MethodsAll 1,299 pediatric cochlear implant users who received their implants before the age of 5 years between 1995 and 2011 in the Medical University Hannover, Germany and University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands were enrolled in this study. Age at implantation and the number of children implanted within the first year of life was assessed for each center.ResultsAge at cochlear implantation gradually declined over the years in both centers. The introduction of the screening resulted in significant decline in the age at implantation in the Netherlands; simultaneously, the number of children implanted within their first year of life increased significantly. Comparing 4‐year epochs immediately before and after introduction of the screening, the mean age decreased from 2.4 to 1.2 years, and the percentage of early implanted children increased from 9% to 37%. In the German population, a similar effect of the introduction of the hearing screening program was absent.ConclusionsThe introduction of the national newborn hearing screening program has reduced the age at cochlear implantation in young children in the Netherlands but not in Germany. Correspondingly, it resulted in an increase in the number of children implanted early in life. The difference between the Dutch and German population might be due to differences in the follow‐up and referral after the hearing screening.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 125:985–990, 2015
The significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio in vestibular neuritis
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Lim Jonghyun , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Kim Kyung Rae , Park Chul Won , Lee Seung Hwan 
Published: February 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the significance of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in vestibular neuritis.Study DesignRetrospective, case‐control study.MethodsThe study subjects were patients who received treatment for vestibular neuritis between January 2009 and December 2013, and a control group composed of 70 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy subjects who received laboratory testing as part of a routine health checkup. The subjects underwent a complete blood cell count and counts of the various cell subtypes to compare NLR and PLR in the vestibular neuritis patients and controls. The associations between laboratory test results and values of the vestibular function test and clinical information were examined. In addition, a subgroup analysis according to the duration of spontaneous nystagmus was performed.ResultsThe mean NLR and PLR values of the patient group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Although caloric test outcomes and hospitalization period were not significantly correlated with blood profiles, the duration of dizziness needing antivertiginous drugs was positively correlated with NLR and PLR (P = .021,P = .020, respectively). In addition, NLR was negatively correlated with the length of time between symptom start and blood sampling (P = .005). The NLR and PLR value of patients with nystagmus for more than 5 days were significantly higher than those of patients whose nystagmus ceased within 5days.ConclusionsThis is the first report to evaluate the significance of NLR and PLR in vestibular neuritis. NLR and PLR should be taken into consideration as simple and reliable parameters for predicting the cause and severity of the disease.Level of Evidence3bLaryngoscope, 125:E257–E261, 2015
The compleat otolaryngologist: Burton Alexander Randall
Authors: Stool Sylvan E. , Kemper Marlyn , Kemper Bennett 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe practicing otolaryngologist and resident is the beneficiary of a highly organized educational system which has evolved over the past 100 years. A number of social, scientific and technical advances were involved in the evolution of these training programs; however, one of the most important developments was the emergence of the Clinician Educator Concept.Burton Alexander Randall was prominent in the profession in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century and is an example of the clinician‐teacher who participated in the development of otorhinolaryngologic instruction. His unpublished memoirs, recently made available, illustrate the difficulties in obtaining appropriate training, organizing clincial services, and establishing professional relationships.These interesting documents provide insight into the present and illustrate that although there have been great technical advances, some problems in interpersonal relationships remain the same.
Artificial larynx prosthesis: Comparative clinical evaluation
Authors: Henley‐Cohn Julian L. , Hausfeld Jeffrey N. , Jakubczak Gene 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe work pioneered by Drs. Singer and Blom established the clinical feasibility of controlled tracheoesophageal fistula for generation of fluent esophageal speech. There have been numerous practical difficulties that have been encountered with the use of voice prosthesis. Problems encountered are: extrusion, speech initiation delay, leakage around the prosthesis, stoma obstruction, and low volume output.A second generation laryngeal prosthesis is introduced for comparison. Its design incorporates features that will significantly improve the clinical problems encountered; extrusion is minimized; and the new prosthesis allows for one size to fit all patients.A clinical trial was established to directly compare the artificial speech generated by the currently existing laryngeal prosthesis. Each laryngectomy patient was fitted with three different devices and the resulting speech was evaluated. Video recordings of patients are presented to illustrate the type of speech produced by each device. Comparisons of intelligibility, fluency, volume, and patient preference are made. Results indicate that a significant variation in the speech obtained is critically dependent on the choice of prosthesis.
Cellular and subcellular events of bone resorption in human and experimental cholesteatoma: The role of osteoclasts
Authors: Chole Richard A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn ultrastructural study of the interface between aural cholesteatoma and adjacent bone was performed on specimens obtained from human and experimental gerbilline cholesteatoma. When an enlarging cholesteatoma contacted bone, a large number of monocytes and macrophages accumulated in the area of contact. The intervening middle ear mucosa degenerated and bone erosion occurred Anatomic evidence is provided which indicates that bone erosion in both human and experimental cholesteatoma occurred as a result of the action of multinucleated osteoclasts. These osteoclasts had the ultrastructural appearance of normal osteoclasts with a well developed ruffled border and large numbers of mitochondria. These cells stained readily with acid phosphatase stains. Although many other mononuclear cells were seen in the vicinity of the eroded bone, only the multi‐nucleated osteoclasts were associated with disappearance of the lamina limitans of the bone surface. Osteoclasts were commonly found in experimental cholesteatoma, but were infrequent in human cholesteatoma biopsies, presumably because patients undergoing cholesteatoma surgery are often treated with topical installations of corticosteroids which inhibit osteoclasts.
The role of radiation therapy in treatment of malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Shidnia Homayoon , Hornback Ned B. , Saghafi Nassir , Sayoc Edgardo , Lingeman Raleigh , Hamaker Ronald 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDuring a 20 year period, 121 patients with malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses were seen at this institution. Of these cases, 109 patients with carcinomas originating from the mucous or paranasal sinuses were evaluated. Data were analyzed on the basis of 1. primary tumor control and metastatic nodal sterilization, 2. pre and post‐therapy incidence and location of neck node metastasis, and 3. overall survival. Data were also analyzed as to survival on the basis of TNM classification and histology.From this retrospective study, the incidence of neck node metastasis prior to treatment appears to be slightly higher than in literature (23/88 or 26%). The incidence of post‐treatment metastasis is 9/88 or 10%. No significant correlation was noted between histology and neck node metastasis.
Natural in situ relationships suggest coral reef calcium carbonate production will decline with ocean acidification
Authors: Shaw Emily C. , Phinn Stuart R. , Tilbrook Bronte , Steven Andy 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThere are few in situ studies showing how net community calcification (Gnet) of coral reefs is related to carbonate chemistry, and the studies to date have demonstrated different predicted rates of change. In this study, we measured net community production (Pnet), Gnet, and carbonate chemistry of a reef flat at One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef. Diurnal pCO2 variability of 289–724 μatm was driven primarily by photosynthesis and respiration. The reef flat was found to be net autotrophic, with daily production of ∼ 35 mmol C m−2 d−1 and net calcification of ∼ 33 mmol C m−2 d−1. Gnet was strongly related to Pnet, which drove a hysteresis pattern in the relationship between Gnet and aragonite saturation state (Ωar). Although Pnet was the main driver of Gnet, Ωar was still an important factor, where 95% of the variance in Gnet could be described by Pnet and Ωar. Based on the observed in situ relationship, Gnet would be expected to reach zero when Ωar is ∼ 2.5. It is unknown what proportion of a decline in Gnet would be through reduced calcification and what would occur through increased dissolution, but the results here support predictions that overall calcium carbonate production will decline in coral reefs as a result of ocean acidification.