bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Samuel Zborowski. Rymkiewicz w zwierciadle Słowackiego / SAMUEL ZBOROWSKI: JAROSŁAW MAREK RYMKIEWICZ VERSUS JULIUSZ SŁOWACKI
Authors: Kuziak Michał 
Published: February 2014

Summary
This article presents a reading of Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz’s Samuel Zborowski in the context of Juliusz Słowacki’s poetic drama with the same title. The comparison of the two texts is intended to highlight their similarities and differences in their treatment of history and their use of Romantic and our modern episteme. The analysis looks at the following issues: 1/ the subjective perspective which organizes the hermeneutics of the past; 2/ the metaphysical premise which determines the status of the historical reconstruction; 3/ the historical reconstruction itself; and 4/ the nature of the communal project which signposts each writer’s reflection on the course of Polish history. The article argues that Rymkiewicz’s historical essay is an attempt at a reactivation of Romanticism within a postmodern (though with some modernist elements) framework.
Materialographic Examination of Three Different Types of Failed Dental Implants
Authors: Kopp S. , Behrend D. , Specht O. , Trostmann D. , Rosentritt M. , Ottl P. , Geis-Gerstorfer J. , Warkentin M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Focused on tissue interactions and the properties of the materials themselves, the causes of dental implant failure can be analysed successfully using methods developed within materials science. This will be exemplified by three failing implants. The implants represent a broad range of materials (titanium, PEEK, zirconium dioxide) and geometries (screw, cylindrical, disc).
Materials and methods: Following appropriate specimen collection and preparation, EDX, ESEM, light microscopy and ultrasound examinations were performed. Since only the titanium implant exhibited osseointegration, the implant-bone interface of this implant was additionally analysed by FIB-TEM.
Results: The absence of bone tissue residue on the zirconium dioxide and PEEK implants was confirmed by all imaging methods. Complete osseointegration is demonstrable only for a complete fragment of the titanium implant resected from the jaw bone, with a bone-to-metal contact of 82.5 %.
Conclusion: A bioactive interaction with the target tissues was found only for the titanium implant. The loss of the titanium implant examined was due to a material failure. High-frequency ultrasonic microscopy has proven a suitable tool for the assessment of osseointegration. A reduced sample preparation effort and an ability to use ultrasound in situ would suggest that ultrasonic microscopy technology is a suitable technology for failure analysis.
Stereological Analysis of the Microstructural Inhomogeneities in Direct-Chill Cast and Continuous-Cast Aluminium-Magnesium Alloy (AA5754)
Authors: Attallah M. M. , Strangwood M. , Davis C. L. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this study, quantitative microstructural investigations were performed to understand the influence of the processing route on the grain and particle structures in an Al-Mg alloy (AA5754). The microstructures of two different batches of 5754-O sheets of the same composition (one produced by direct-chill casting (DC) and the other by continuous casting (CC)) were investigated using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Several characteristic microstructural features were linked to the processing route, especially the banding of the Fe-rich constituent particles along the rolling direction (RD) combined with a through-thickness variation in grain size alloys produced by CC, compared to a random particle distribution of relatively coarser sizes and a roughly uniform through-thickness grain size distribution in the alloys produced by DC. The study also assessed the significance of the characteristic microstructural features associated with DC and CC (e. g. particle size banding and grain size variation) on the identification the processing route, highlighting the features that represent inconclusive evidence for a certain route.
Selective Inhibition of Steroidogenic Enzymes by Ketoconazole in Rat Ovary Cells
Authors: Gal Michael , Orly Joseph 
Published: February 2014

Objective Ketoconazole (KCZ) is an anti-fungal agent extensively used for clinical applications related to its inhibitory effects on adrenal and testicular steroidogenesis. Much less information is available on the effects of KCZ on synthesis of steroid hormones in the ovary. The present study aimed to characterize the in situ effects of KCZ on steroidogenic enzymes in primary rat ovary cells. Methods Following the induction of folliculogenesis in gonadotropin treated rats, freshly prepared ovarian cells were incubated in suspension for up to four hours while radiolabeled steroid substrates were added and time dependent generation of their metabolic products was analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Results KCZ inhibits the P450 steroidogenic enzymes in a selective and dose dependent manner, including cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 (CYP11A1/P450scc), the 17α-hydroxylase activity of CYP17A1/P450c17, and CYP19A1/P450arom, with IC50 values of 0.3, 1.8, and 0.3 μg/mL (0.56, 3.36, and 0.56 μM), respectively. Unaffected by KCZ, at 10 μg/mL, were the 17,20 lyase activity of CYP17A1, as well as five non-cytochrome steroidogenic enzymes including 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-δ5-4 isomerase type 1 (3βHSD1), 5α-reductase, 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD), 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17HSD1). Conclusion These findings map the effects of KCZ on the ovarian pathways of progestin, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Hence, the drug may have a potential use as an acute and reversible modulator of ovarian steroidogenesis in pathological circumstances.
New Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites and cult centres in the Urfa Region
Authors: Güler Gül , Çelik Bahattin , Güler Mustafa 
Published: February 2014

The present study assesses the sites and the corresponding artefacts that were recently discovered during cultural inventory studies in the Urfa region in south-eastern Turkey. The studies were conducted at PPN sites located at Herzo Tepe, Basaran Höyük and Kocanizam, Taslı Tepe and ̇Inanlı Tepe within the borders of Viransehir and Siverek boroughs; the already known site at Sefer Tepe is also re-examined. The sites extend in a north-south direction and were founded within a 3–5km distance, and they exhibit unique characteristics for this region. Recently discovered sites are compared to already known PPN sites in the region to reveal similar features and characteristics. In particular, the article elaborates similarities and discrepancies between sites with T-shaped pillars and sites with circular structures. The recently discovered sites demonstrate that the pillar tradition is predominant in the region and that the settlements have a distinct layout.
The added value of a visible channel to a geostationary thermal infrared instrument to monitor ozone for air quality
Authors: Hache E. , Attié J.-L. , Tourneur C. , Ricaud P. , Coret L. , Lahoz W. A. , El Amraoui L. , Josse B. , Hamer P. , Warner J. , Liu X. , Chance K. , Höpfner M. , Spurr R. , Natraj V. , Kulawik S. , Eldering A. , Orphal J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract. Ozone is a tropospheric pollutant and plays a key role in determining the air quality that affects human wellbeing. In this study, we compare the capability of two hypothetical grating spectrometers onboard a geostationary (GEO) satellite to sense ozone in the lowermost troposphere (surface and the 0–1 km column). We consider one week during the Northern Hemisphere summer simulated by a chemical transport model, and use the two GEO instrument configurations to measure ozone concentration (1) in the thermal infrared (GEO TIR) and (2) in the thermal infrared and the visible (GEO TIR+VIS). These configurations are compared against each other, and also against an ozone reference state and a priori ozone information. In a first approximation, we assume clear sky conditions neglecting the influence of aerosols and clouds. A number of statistical tests are used to assess the performance of the two GEO configurations. We consider land and sea pixels and whether differences between the two in the performance are significant. Results show that the GEO TIR+VIS configuration provides a better representation of the ozone field both for surface ozone and the 0–1 km ozone column during the daytime especially over land.
The potential for bridging: HIV status awareness and risky sexual behaviour of injection drug users who have non‐injecting permanent partners in Ukraine
Authors: Mazhnaya Alyona , Andreeva Tatiana I , Samuels Steve , DeHovitz Jack , Salyuk Tetyana , McNutt Louise‐Anne 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo quantify potential bridging of HIV transmission between the injection drug using subpopulation to the non‐injection drug using population through unprotected heterosexual sex.DesignSecondary analysis of cross‐sectional data.MethodsA sub‐sample of participants who reported having a permanent partner who are not injection drug users and have not injected drugs in the past (N=1379) was selected from a survey implemented in 26 Ukrainian cities in 2011. This study evaluates the association between consistent condom use and awareness of HIV status as measured by rapid testing during the study (known/unknown HIV+, known/unknown HIV− and undetermined) among a sub‐sample of male injection drug users (IDUs) who have a non‐injecting permanent partner. Poisson regression, with robust variance estimates, was utilized to identify associations while adjusting for other factors.ResultsReported consistent condom use varied between 15.5% (unknown HIV−) and 37.5% (known HIV+); average use was 19.3%. In multivariate analysis, males who were aware of their HIV+ status were more likely to report recent consistent condom use compared to those who were unaware of their HIV+ status. This association remains after adjustment for age, region, education level, years of injection, alcohol use, self‐reported primary drug use and being an NGO client (prevalence ratio=1.65; 95% CI 1.03–2.64). No such association was found for those who were HIV−.ConclusionsOur results regarding HIV‐positive male IDUs reinforce previous findings that HIV testing and counselling may be an effective means of secondary prevention. Further research is needed to understand how to effectively promote safer sex behaviours for IDUs who are currently HIV−.
Isochronous information in a Greenland ice sheet radio echo sounding data set
Authors: Sime Louise C. , Karlsson Nanna B. , Paden John D. , Prasad Gogineni S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe evaluation of ice sheet models is one of the pressing problems in the study of ice sheet dynamics. Here we examine the question of how much isochronous information is contained within the publicly available Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) Greenland airborne radio echo soundings data set. We identify regions containing isochronous reflectors using automatic radio echo sounding processing (ARESP) algorithms. We find that isochronous reflectors are present within 36% of the CReSIS radio echo sounding englacial data by location and 41% by total number of data. Between 1000 and 3000 m in depth, isochronous reflectors are present along more than 50% of the data set flight path. Lower volumes of cold glacial period ice also correspond with more isochronous reflectors. We find good agreement between ARESP and continuity index results, providing confidence in these findings. Ice structure data sets, based on data identified here, will be of use in evaluating ice sheet simulations and the assessment of past rates of snow accumulation.
The long‐term steady motion of Saturn's hexagon and the stability of its enclosed jet stream under seasonal changes
Authors: Sánchez‐Lavega A. , del Río‐Gaztelurrutia T. , Hueso R. , Pérez‐Hoyos S. , García‐Melendo E. , Antuñano A. , Mendikoa I. , Rojas J. F. , Lillo J. , Barrado‐Navascués D. , Gomez‐Forrellad J. M. , Go C. , Peach D. , Barry T. , Milika D. P. , Nicholas P. , Wesley A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe investigate the long‐term motion of Saturn's north pole hexagon and the structure of its associated eastward jet, using Cassini imaging science system and ground‐based images from 2008 to 2014. We show that both are persistent features that have survived the long polar night, the jet profile remaining essentially unchanged. During those years, the hexagon vertices showed a steady rotation period of 10 h 39 min 23.01 ± 0.01 s. The analysis of Voyager 1 and 2 (1980–1981) and Hubble Space Telescope and ground‐based (1990–1991) images shows a period shorter by 3.5 s due to the presence at the time of a large anticyclone. We interpret the hexagon as a manifestation of a vertically trapped Rossby wave on the polar jet and, because of their survival and unchanged properties under the strong seasonal variations in insolation, we propose that both hexagon and jet are deep‐rooted atmospheric features that could reveal the true rotation of the planet Saturn.
Seismic anisotropy of the Archean crust in the Minnesota River Valley, Superior Province
Authors: Ferré Eric C. , Gébelin Aude , Conder James A. , Christensen Nik , Wood Justin D. , Teyssier Christian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Minnesota River Valley (MRV) subprovince is a well‐exposed example of late Archean lithosphere. Its high‐grade gneisses display a subhorizontal layering, most likely extending down to the crust‐mantle boundary. The strong linear fabric of the gneisses results from high‐temperature plastic flow during collage‐related contraction. Seismic anisotropies measured up to 1 GPa in the laboratory, and seismic anisotropies calculated through forward‐modeling indicate ΔVP ~5–6% and ΔVS ~3%. The MRV crust exhibits a strong macroscopic layering and foliation, and relatively strong seismic anisotropies at the hand specimen scale. Yet the horizontal attitude of these structures precludes any substantial contribution of the MRV crust to shear wave splitting for vertically propagating shear waves such as SKS. The origin of the regionally low seismic anisotropy must lie in the upper mantle. A horizontally layered mantle underneath the United States interior could provide an explanation for the observed low SWS.
On the presence and properties of cold ions near Earth's equatorial magnetosphere
Authors: Lee Justin H. , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPlasma flows related to magnetospheric convection or ULF waves often increase cold ions' kinetic energy sufficiently above the spacecraft potential energy so that these ions can be detected by charged particle instrumentation. Other detection methods also reveal the presence of cold ions even in the absence of flows. By applying such methods to complementary data sets obtained from particle, electric field, and magnetic field measurements by the multiple Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft, we study the occurrence rates of cold ions and properties—composition, densities, and temperatures—of the dominant species (H+, He+, and O+) near the equatorial magnetosphere. As plasma flows occur at all magnetic local time (MLT) sectors, predominantly outside the plasmasphere, they enable studies of cold ion occurrence and properties as functions of geocentric distance (up to 13 RE) and MLT. Of the dominant cold ions, protons are most abundant on the dayside and coldest almost everywhere. By comparison, the heavier ions show evidence of larger abundance on the nightside and higher temperatures at most locations: median nHe+/nH+ is ≤0.1 in the afternoon, ≥1.0 on the nightside, and near 0.5 at dawn; median nO+/nH+ exceeds 1 throughout the nightside and around dawn at smaller geocentric distances but varies from 0.0 to 0.1 in the afternoon; and TO+ > THe+ everywhere. By isolating the convective particle drift component of measured ion flows, we deduce that nightside/dawn/prenoon cold ions are components of the warm plasma cloak while cold ions near noon/afternoon are likely of mixed origin, including nightside/cusp outflow, plasmaspheric plumes, and the solar wind.
Magnetospheric conditions for sawtooth event development
Authors: Noah M. A. , Burke W. J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper addresses two topics concerning the magnetospheric conditions that allow sawtooth events (STEs) to develop during “nonstorm” intervals yet fail to yield them during many intense/super storms. A statistical analysis by Cai et al. (2011) reported that while only 5.4% of STEs occurred outside the context of magnetic storms, their occurrence rate during intense storms was just 63.5%. They concluded that (1) STEs are not necessarily storm time phenomena and (2) particular interplanetary conditions are needed to drive the class of storms in which STEs are generated. Traces of Sym‐H indices and cross polar cap potentials during “nonstorm” STEs indicate that ring current energy remained above normal, quiet time values and open flux was continually being transferred to the magnetotail. We combined two independently generated lists of intense/super storms from the 1996 to 2007 period and found that 46 of them did not appear on the STE list of Cai et al. (2011). They divide three categories of storms in which (1) information needed to establish the presence/absence of STEs is insufficient, (2) STE signatures were present but overlooked, and (3) the magnetopause moved earthward of 6.6 RE so that energetic particles cannot gradient‐curvature drift to geosynchronous satellites in the magnetosheath near local noon. We conclude that STE identification criteria be expanded to include compressed cases in which quasiperiodic nightside injections occur. Super storms with no nightside injections are attributed to episodes of severe ring current inflation of the inner magnetosphere that inhibited the formation of sustained near‐Earth neutral lines.
The distribution of the mid‐to‐lower crustal low‐velocity zone beneath the northeastern Tibetan Plateau revealed from ambient noise tomography
Authors: Li Hongyi , Shen Yang , Huang Zhongxian , Li Xinfu , Gong Meng , Shi Danian , Sandvol Eric , Li Aibing 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe collected continuous seismic data recorded between 2007 and 2010 by 208 broadband stations from the Chinese Provincial Digital Seismic Networks, A Seismic Collaborative Experiment of Northern Tibet, and the Northeastern Tibet Seismic experiment. Cross correlations of vertical component records are computed to extract the Rayleigh wave empirical Green's functions. Group and phase velocities are then constructed from the empirical Green's functions in 8 to 50 s period. At periods ≤25 s, more than 10% lower velocities are imaged beneath the Qaidam Basin, and high velocities are observed beneath the nonbasin regions. At periods ≥30 s, up to 10% lower velocities are imaged in the Qiangtang and Songpan‐Ganze Terranes. From these group and phase velocity maps, a three‐dimensional (3‐D) Vsv model of the crust is derived. The model shows that the Qiangtang and Songpan‐Ganze Terranes have a very thick crust with a prominent low‐velocity zone (LVZ) in the middle crust. The LVZ thins out in the vicinity of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, providing a new constraint on the mode of deformation across the Tibetan Plateau. The northwestern Qilian Orogen, where receiver functions reveal a Moho deeper than the surrounding areas, also features a relatively weak midcrustal LVZ, which we interpret as an intracrustal response associated with the shortening between the North China Craton and the Tibetan Plateau.
Temporal variability and tidal modulation of hydrothermal exit‐fluid temperatures at the Lucky Strike deep‐sea vent field, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Barreyre Thibaut , Escartín Javier , Sohn Robert A. , Cannat Mathilde , Ballu Valérie , Crawford Wayne C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe deployed autonomous temperature sensors at black smoker chimneys, cracks, and diffuse flow areas at the Lucky Strike hydrothermal field (Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, ~37°17'N) between summer 2009 and summer 2012 and contemporaneously measured tidal pressures and currents as part of the long‐term MoMAR experiment to monitor hydrothermal activity. We classify the temperature data according to the hydrogeologic setting of the measurement sites: a high‐temperature regime (>190°C) representing discharge of essentially unmixed, primary hydrothermal fluids through chimneys, an intermediate‐temperature regime (10–100°C) associated with mixing of primary fluids with cold pore fluids discharging through cracks, and a low‐temperature regime (<10°C) associated with a thermal boundary layer forming over bacterial mats associated with diffuse outflow of warm fluids. Temperature records from all the regimes exhibit variations at semi‐diurnal tidal periods, and cross‐spectral analyses reveal that high‐temperature discharge correlates to tidal pressure while low‐temperature discharge correlates to tidal currents. Intermediate‐temperature discharge exhibits a transitional behavior correlating to both tidal pressure and currents. Episodic perturbations, with transient temperature drops of up to ~150°C, which occur in the high‐temperature and intermediate‐temperature records, are not observed on multiple probes (including nearby probes at the same site), and they are not correlated with microearthquake activity, indicating that the perturbation mechanism is highly localized at the measurement sites within the hydrothermal structures. The average temperature at a given site may increase or decrease at annual time scales, but the average temperature of the hydrothermal field, as a whole, appears to be stable over our 3 year observation period.
Visualization of space competition and plume formation with complex potentials for multiple source flows: Some examples and novel application to Chao lava flow (Chile)
Authors: Weijermars R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFluid displacement in a continuum pressured by a variable constellation of source flows can be visualized as solutions of line integrals. The algorithms are based on complex potentials that provide exact solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equation and allow users to specify both the location and flux strength of multiple sources. If relative strength and positioning of the sources are varied, a wide range of flow patterns and particle paths can be traced. Time‐dependent variations in the strength of the sources can account for transient‐flow problems. A further expansion is superposition of a background flow, which displaces the particle paths issued from the sources into concentrated plumes. The outlined modeling technique for visualization of multiple plume displacements is potentially relevant for a wide spectrum of practical situations. Detailed applications are possible, such as time tracking of groundwater‐plume migration from a series of pollution sources, tracking of salt‐feeder‐stock flow and suture zone formation when salt issued from the stocks coalesces into a salt canopy, and designing of optimal spacing and relative pressure strength of multiple water injection wells in field‐development plans for hydrocarbon production. Further applications are highlighted in the main text, including a simulation of geometrical features exposed in the Chao coulee (Chilean Andes).