bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of ice crystal anisotropy on seismic velocity analysis
Authors: Diez Anja , Eisen Olaf , Weikusat Ilka , Eichler Jan , Hofstede Coen , Bohleber Pascal , Bohlen Thomas , Polom Ulrich 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn 2010 a reflection seismic survey was carried out on the Alpine glacier Colle Gnifetti. The processed and depth-converted data could be compared to a nearby ice core, drilled almost to the bed. Comparisons showed that the depth of the P-wave bed reflection was too shallow, while the depth of the SH-wave bed reflection fitted the ice-core length well. We are now able to explain the major part of these differences using the existing crystal orientations of the ice at Colle Gnifetti. We calculate anisotropic velocities for P- and SH-waves that are usually picked for stacking and compare them with zero-offset velocities needed for the depth conversion. Here we take the firn pack at Colle Gnifetti into account for P- and S-wave analysis. To incorporate the S-wave analysis we first derive a new equation for the relationship between density and S-wave velocity from diving waves. We show that anisotropic fabrics observed at Colle Gnifetti introduce a difference of only 1% between stacking and depth-conversion velocities for the SH-wave, but 7% for the P-wave. We suggest that this difference in stacking and depth-conversion velocity for the P-wave can be used to derive information about the existing anisotropy by combining our seismic data with, for example, radar data.
Skin Problems: EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PRESSURE ULCERS IN A SKILLED CARE FACILITY
Authors: Burd Christine , Langemo Diane K , Olson Bette , Hanson Darlene , Hunter Susan , Sauvage Timothy 
Published: May 2014

INTRODUCTION
Advances in medical and health care have contributed to increased longevity among the general population. While an increasing number of people are surviving lifethreatening conditions, a concomitant increase in the need for management of chronic health problems has emerged. Pressure ulcers are a common and serious secondary problem associated with chronic debilitated health states (Cooney, 1983; Shepard, 1987; Slater, 1 985), and pose a significant risk to the welfare of nursing home residents in terms of comfort and health.
RESEARCH CONSIDERATIONS Geropsychiatry Unit Evaluation
Authors: Kujawinski Josephine , Bigelow Penny , Diedrich Diane , Kikkebusch Paula , Korpan Phylis , Walczak Joanne , Maxson Ellen , Ropski Sue , Farran Carol J 
Published: May 2014

The geriatric population is becoming an increasingly larger proportion of the United States population. By the year 2030, their number is predicted to increase by 77 million (Stetson, 1 990). Currently, about 5% of the geriatric population suffers from major depression and 1 7% from dementia (Bliwise, 1 987). As these numbers increase, so will the number of specialized geriatric psychiatry units to serve this population.
Although the general consensus is that these specialized geriatric psychiatry units best serve the interests of geriatric patients, little research has been done to actually prove their effectiveness. Program effectiveness could be tapped by measuring the cognitive and functional status of patients, which are vital if the patient is to maintain self-esteem and independence - both of which promote success whether the patient goes home or to institutional care. With this in mind, the staff nurses on the geropsychiatric unit of Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, conducted a pilot program evaluation study. The purpose was to measure the effect of the therapeutic milieu on the cognitive and functional status of the geropsychiatric patient.
Multi-Modal Assessment in Alzheimer's Disease ADL in Relation to PET, MRI and Neuropsychology
Authors: Souder Elaine , Saykin Andrew J , Alavi Abass 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's disease (AD) causes a deterioration in functional status which may best be understood as a multi-dimensional concept. Results of multi-modal functional assessment in two patients with probable AD and comparable MiniMental State Examination scores demonstrated the heterogeneity of disease profiles and individual variations in functional status. Measures included direct assessment of ADL performance (SAILS), self and family perception of "current" and "best ever" functioning (NBFADL60), neuropsychological test battery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (FDGPET). The m ulti -modal assessment yielded complementary information, and permitted correlation of physiological and behavioral data. Future studies should examine the potential heuristic and clinical utility of this approach.
Maintaining Ambulation in the Frail Nursing Home Resident: A NURSING ADMINISTERED WALKING PROGRAM
Authors: Koroknay Vivian J , Werner Perla , Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Braun Judith V 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This article describes a walking program that was implemented at a 550bed long-term care facility. The program was developed in order to promote functional mobility in the frail nursing home population. The aim of the program is to establish a nursing procedure that focuses on the individual resident's need to walk, and to improve or maintain the ambulatory status of the frail elderly. Twenty nursing home residents from the first three units on which the program was implemented were evaluated before and after the implementation of the program. The data show that the participants improved their ambulatory status after participating in the walking program. This improvement was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of residents foiling.
EFFECT OF CERUMEN ON INFRARED EAR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Hasel Karen L , Erickson Roberta S 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This pilot study examined whether the occlusion of one ear canal with cerumen affected the usual temperature difference between the ears as measured with an infrared thermometer. Ear-based temperature measurements were made in 14 elderly nursing home residents before and 3 to 4 days after irrigation to clear cerumen from the occluded ear. The presence of cerumen tended to lower the temperature reading, with a mean change of ~0.24±0.47°F (-0.13±0.47°C, p=0.08) and individual differences ranging from -0.9 to 0.4°F (-0.5 to 0.2°C), 43% of subjects (6/14) had values lower by -0.50F (-0.3°C) or more. The advantage of removing impacted cerumen before making infrared ear temperature measurements may be offset by the time and inconvenience of the irrigation procedure. Improved hearing may be a more important outcome of cerumen removal, with secondary benefit for temperature measurement.
SOCIAL SUPPORT AND DEPRESSION in Widows and Widowers
Authors: Kanacki Lana S , Jones Patricia S , Galbraith Michael E 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
"The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the relationships between social support and depression and the amount of social support used by 31 widows and 35 widowers. Participants completed the Personal Resource Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. A significant negative relationship was observed between perceived social support and depression. There was no difference in the amount of depression experienced by widows and widowers. There were no significant differences in the two groups' perceptions of support received from their environment or in the number of supportive contacts identified in their social networks.
Applying Watson's Theory for CARING AMONG ELDERS
Authors: Strickland Donna 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Caring is emerging as a significant concept for the nursing profession, and it is rapidly influencing nursing practice. In older adult care, where reduction istic medical cures are often not wanted or necessary, it seemed timely to take a closer look at Dr. Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring. The author and a volunteer used a particular format designed by Lee Glickstein called "Laughing Spirit Listening Circles" to apply Watson's theory with six elderly women weekly over a fourweek period. The main goals the volunteers had in creating this group was simply to listen to the women share their stories with one another, to be as present with them as possible, to not be directive in the group, but to be "in the flow" with whatever topics and issues emerged. Another purpose the author had in conducting these sessions was to receive feedback from the participants regarding this style of nursing practice. At the last session participants offered comments regarding their experience in this group with suggestions for how to include others. Unsolicited, the participants had much to say regarding their own personal experience at the retirement community around this issue of "presence" and "caring."
SHARING STORIES: Group Therapy with Elderly Depressed Women
Authors: Phoenix Elizabeth , Irvine Yvonne , Kohr Rosemary 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
As the population ages, nurses are challenged to seek and use relevant and effective nursing strategies to assist clients to cope with major life events and chronic conditions. Depression in the elderly, particularly among elderly women, is increasing. This is a serious problem which pervades community, acute and chronic care settings. In order to provide proactive care in the treatment of depression, two nurses in a psychogeriatric clinic developed a unique program, consisting of 10 weekly group sessions for elderly women with a diagnosis of depression. This article describes the format, content of group sessions and outcomes. Key themes that emerged are illustrated by the stories shared by the women. These stories were central to shaping the group experience and enhanced the learning of group members and facilitators as well. The method of group process and insight into dynamic strategies for teaching/learning in the elderly are discussed. In conclusion, recommendations for future programs have been identified.
UNDERSTANDING Creutzfeldt-Jakob DISEASE
Authors: Nguyen Steve T , Rickman Leland S 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The "mad cow disease" that decimated cattle in England has brought widespread attention to a similar disease in humans, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). This has led to concerns about the transmissibility and contagiousness of the infectious agent from possible OD patients to health care workers and family members. Despite these worries, the occurrence of CJD in the human population has remained stable over the years at an incidence of about one person per million in the United States population, and increasing to six individuals per million for the older-than-60 age group. This article will review the etiology, clinical manifestations, and potential for transmission of this unusual infectious agent.
POSTPRANDIAL BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGES IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Lilley Mary D 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Postprandial blood pressure reductions have been observed in frail elderly individuals. This study evaluated blood pressure and heart rate changes in 10 healthy elderly subjects at intervals before and after a morning meal. Subjects did not exhibit significant reductions in systolic blood pressure or increases in heart rate over time, rather, such changes were due to variation within subjects. They did not exhibit significant changes in diastolic blood pressure. Age, health, and meal choice may have influenced results. Further research will determine which groups of elderly are most at risk for postprandial blood pressure reductions and consequently at risk for injury from falls due to dizziness and syncope.
Incorporating SIMPLE REMINISCENCE TECHNIQUES Into Acute Care Nursing Practice
Authors: Puentes William J 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Under normal circumstances, individuals perceive the world around them in terms of overlapping - interacting past, present, and future time orientations. When individuals experience overwhelming stress, normal coping skills cease to be effective and this time orientation schema has a tendency to disorganize into its constituent spheres. The overlap and interaction of the spheres disappears. Individuals focus exclusively on the present sphere and lose the abilities to use coping skills which were successful in the past and to make reasonable projections about the future. Simple Reminiscence, an activity in which individuals look back at past experiences which they perceive as positive and meaningful, is one nursing intervention that RNs can use to help the client reclaim an effective past, present, future time orientation. Questioning the client about past experiences, effectively listening to what the client has to say, and using effectual time management skills are some techniques which RNs can use to incorporate Simple Reminiscence interventions into acute care nursing practice. These interventions will encourage the client to perceive stressful situations in terms of overlapping past, present, and future time spheres and consequently cope more effectively with stress.
Renal Disease and Diet Therapy in the Elderly
Authors: Menzies Jacqueline 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Renal disease is a disease closely associated with aging. Although kidney disease can occur at any age, the prevalence and severity of renal disease is far more prominent in the elderly. As the geriatric population continues to grow, nurses can anticipate treating significant numbers of elderly people with renal disease. Research suggests that with early dietary intervention the progression of renal disease can be altered. Therefore, knowledge of the characteristics and goals of diet therapy are necessary to provide effective client education and promote compliance.
Healthy Endings: A Collaborative Health Promotion Project for the Elderly
Authors: Slaninka Susan C , Galbraith Anna Mae 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This article describes a collaborative health promotion project between a graduate nursing program at a state university and a small community hospital. The Healthy Endings program provided health promotion education to groups of older adults at a local senior center. Health promotion in this population is vital to prevent complications and decrease risks that affect quality of life. Health promotion programs were designed to be accomplished through three major components: education, health screenings/services, and the referral process. Specific project objectives focused on safety, sensory deprivation, exercise, screening, compliance with medications, and a variety of psychosocial issues. Graduate nursing students functioning proactively in a senior center on a consistent basis were viewed as valuable by both members and staff.
A Pilot Study on Improving Oral Care in Long-Term Care Settings Part I: Oral Health Assessment
Authors: Pyle Marsha A , Massie Michelle , Nelson Suchitra 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Surveys of oral health in long-term care (LTC) settings have consistently documented low levels of health. In the complex LTC environment, programs to improve oral health have yet to be well defined. The purpose of this pilot project was to determine if a program of training for nursing assistants in combination with adjunctive aids to oral care could improve resident oral health indicators. This pilot study demonstrated improved oral health indexes among residents cared for by trained nursing assistants who had access to adjunctive oral care aids. Additional studies are needed to define the nature of oral caregiving in LTC settings as well as specific regimens which can assure continued oral health improvement in this environment.
Goal Attainment Scaling: A Responsive Measure of Client Outcomes
Authors: Forbes Dorothy A 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) was developed by Kiresuk and Sherman in 1968. Although highly criticized in the early years of its conception, GAS is beginning to be recognized as a reliable, valid, and responsive outcome measurement approach. This article describes the application of GAS, using elderly home health care clients as an example. Reliability and validity issues are examined. Criticism of GAS is often based on traditional psychometric assumptions associated with normative assessment and does not reflect the evaluative nature of the GAS methodology. The advantages and limitations of GAS are discussed. Goal Attainment Scaling has the potential to demonstrate the important contribution home health care programs make to clients by measuring the change that has occurred during their admission to the program. This kind of information is required by policy makers, case managers, and home health care providers to develop policy, allocate limited resources, and offer appropriate and effective services.
Interventions for DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIORS: USE AND SUCCESS
Authors: Bair Byron , Toth Weldonna , Johnson Mary Ann , Rosenberg Charles , Hurdle John F 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Health care providers deal with disruptions from geriatric patients routinely. Despite the negative impact on provider efficiency, provider-patient relations, and patient well-being, there have been no systematic clinical studies of the impact of disruptive behaviors on geriatric inpatient care. This article presents a taxonomy for these behaviors, applying them to a study of disruptive behaviors and concomitant nursing interventions on a geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) unit. The sample, consisting of 23 nursing staff (16 RNs, 4 LPNs, and 3 nurse aides), was followed over 8 weeks (five shifts per week, distributed randomly over day, evening, and night shifts). An experienced pair of RN observers logged all disruptive behaviors and the associated interventions employed by the nursing providers. The taxonomy was validated on 97 disruptive events (113 disruptive behaviors) initiated by 87 patients. The major findings of the study were: (a) disruptive behaviors are common on a GEM unit; (b) behaviors that disrupt care are recognized only 50% of the time by nursing staff; (c) interventions, when used singly, were found successful 45% of the time; (d) multiple simultaneous interventions may be more successful than single interventions but were used in only 16% of cases; and (e) selection of interventions may be associated with staff education level.
Institutionalized Older Adults' PERCEPTIONS OF Nurse Caring Behaviors: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Marini Barbara 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this article is to identify which behaviors performed by nursing staff were important indicators of caring as perceived by older adults residing in institutional settings. Using Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Care as the framework for the study, the Caring Behavior Assessment (CBA) instrument, which is congruent with Watson's carative factors, was used to interview residents. A convenience sample of 21 residents residing in long-term care and assisted-living facilities answered the 63-item CBA. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the importance of each identified behavior. The analyses revealed that the highest indicator of nurse caring focused on the nurses' technical competency (instrumental activities). This study noted a significant gender-specific perception of caring. This may reflect differences in gender communication styles and interpersonal processes which may affect connotations of caring expressions. Humanistic caring (expressive activities) was the second most important indicator of care. Older adults desired care which preserved and enhanced individual dignity.
The Effectiveness of SLOW-STROKE MASSAGE
Authors: Rowe Marian , Alfred Danita 
Published: May 2014

in Diffusing Agitated Behaviors in Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease
ABSTRACT
Agitated behaviors of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), often endured or unsuccessfully treated with chemical or physical restraints, markedly increase the stress levels of family caregivers. The Theoretical Model for Aggression in the Cognitively Impaired guided the examination of caregiver-provided slow-stroke massage on the diffusion of actual and potential agitation for community-dwelling individuals with AD. Characteristics and frequency of agitation were quantified by two highly correlated instruments, the Agitated Behavior Rating Scale Scoring Guide and the Brief Behavior Symptom Rating Scale. Expressions of agitation of patients with AD increased in a linear pattern from dawn to dusk. Verbal displays of agitation, the most frequently cited form of agitation in community-dwelling individuals with AD, were not diffused by slow-stroke massage. However, the more physical expressions of agitation such as pacing, wandering, and resisting were decreased when slow-stroke massage was applied. This study contributes to building a body of knowledge regarding the phenomenon of agitated behaviors in cognitively impaired elderly individuals-its nature, frequency of occurrence, measurement, associated factors, and management.
BREAST CANCER in Older Women: Treatment, Psychosocial Effects, Interventions, and Outcomes
Authors: Kantor Deborah E , Houldin Arlene 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
It is estimated that 48% of women with breast cancer are age 65 and older; yet, scant research focuses on this cohort. Recent advances in breast cancer management have raised many questions regarding appropriate treatment of older patients with cancer. Despite recent emphasis on medical interventions for older women, there is little focus on the unique clinical presentation and psychological sequelae of breast cancer in this population. While elderly women who survive breast cancer seem to cope better than their younger counterparts, their distress must not be overlooked. Interventions such as use of social support, spirituality, and exercise demonstrate therapeutic benefits for older women with cancer and should be explored. Nurses play a key role in educating and supporting older women with breast cancer and can help dispel many age-related myths and misconceptions.
Physical and Pharmacologic Restraints in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Middleton Helene , Keene Richard G , Johnson Christine , Elkins Allan D , Lee Ann E 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
This study examined the effects of education on the attitudes and practices of long-term care staff toward use of restraints. The intervention, a 1-day educational seminar, used a collaborative team of speakers from the Utah Survey Agency and medical professions. Seminar goals were threefold: first, to provide information about best practices for managing behaviors of individuals with dementia in long-term care settings; second, to provide an explanation of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act regulations pertaining to restraint use; and third, to present alternative strategies to link best practice guidelines to the provision of care. Results showed significant changes in participants' attitudes toward use of restraints. Participants reported replicating the seminar for nursing home staff, revisiting facility policies on restraints, and modifying resident care plans.
Infection With HIV in the Elderly Population
Authors: Szirony Tracy A 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Infection with HW among older adults in the United States needs to be investigated in greater detail because little substantive knowledge currently is available about HIV/AIDS in the elderly population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 10% of all cases of diagnosed HIV/AIDS are in people age 50 and older. The problem is that very little is known about the effects of HIV/ AIDS in this population. The majority of the literature is based on limited case reports, and very little empirical research is available. This lack of knowledge limits health care professionals' ability to properly diagnose and adequately treat individuals who may be infected.
This article considers various sources of infection, potential risk factors, the difficulty of diagnosis, and the rapid progression of the disease process in older adults. Signs and symptoms of common opportunistic infections are explored. Treatment challenges, nursing care of older adults infected with HIV, and psychosocial aspects of the disease are discussed.