bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of the Measurement of Enamel Demineralization and Remineralization Using Transverse Microradiography and Electron Probe Microanalysis
Authors: Cochrane Nathan J. , Iijima Youichi , Shen Peiyan , Yuan Yi , Walker Glenn D. , Reynolds Coralie , MacRae Colin M. , Wilson Nicholas C. , Adams Geoffrey G. , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTransverse microradiography (TMR) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) are commonly used for characterizing dental tissues. TMR utilizes an approximately monochromatic X-ray beam to determine the mass attenuation of the sample, which is converted to volume percent mineral (vol%min). An EPMA stimulates the emission of characteristic X-rays from a variable volume of sample (dependent on density) to provide compositional information. The aim of this study was to compare the assessment of sound, demineralized, and remineralized enamel using both techniques. Human enamel samples were demineralized and a part of each was subsequently remineralized. The same line profile through each demineralized lesion was analyzed using TMR and EPMA to determine vol%min and wt% elemental composition and atomic concentration ratio information, respectively. The vol%min and wt% values determined by each technique were significantly correlated but the absolute values were not similar. This was attributable to the complex ultrastructural composition, the variable density of the samples analyzed, and the nonlinear interaction of the EPMA-generated X-rays. EPMA remains an important technique for obtaining atomic ratio information, but its limitations in determining absolute mineral content indicate that it should not be used in place of TMR for determining the mineral density of dental hard tissues.
Effectiveness of collage activity based on a life review in elderly cancer patients: A preliminary study
Authors: Sakaguchi Satoko , Okamura Hitoshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:Much of the cancer rehabilitation research that has been conducted has consisted of relatively early recovery-of-function rehabilitation, and little attention has been paid to the psychosocial aspects of palliative rehabilitation. The aim of the present preliminary study was to examine the “narratives” of elderly cancer patients that emerged as a result of a life review performed in association with collage activity and to assess the effectiveness of this intervention.Method:We conducted a collage activity based on a life review in two sessions. Some 11 cancer patients who were 65 years of age or older and receiving palliative care participated. Evaluations using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual (FACIT–Sp) Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Self-Efficacy Scale for Terminal Cancer (SESTC) were administered before and immediately after the intervention.Results:The mean scores for the FACIT–Sp and affect regulation efficacy on the SESTC significantly increased, while the mean HADS score significantly decreased. Regarding the impressions after completion of the intervention, generally favorable evaluations were heard from families and medical staff members as well as from the subjects.Significance of results:A collage activity based on a life review may be effective for improving spiritual well-being, mitigating anxiety and depression, and improving self-efficacy. The collage itself was also useful in facilitating interactions with others, including family members, and the activity provided psychological support for families.
Palliative sedation for cancer patients included in a home care program: A retrospective study
Authors: Calvo-Espinos Claudio , Ruiz de Gaona Estefania , Gonzalez Cristina , Ruiz de Galarreta Lucia , Lopez Cristina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjective:Palliative sedation is a common treatment in palliative care. The home is a difficult environment for research, and there are few studies about sedation at home. Our aim was to analyze this practice in a home setting.Method:We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study in a home cohort during 2011. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 18 years or older and enrolled in the Palliative Home Care Program (PHCP) with advanced cancer. The variables employed were: sex, age, primary tumor location, and place of death. We also registered indication, type, drug and dose, awareness of diagnosis and prognosis, consent, survival, presence or absence of rales, painful mouth, and ulcers in patients sedated at home. We also collected the opinions of family members and professionals about the suffering of sedated patients.Results:A total of 446 patients (56% at home) of the 617 admitted to the PHCP between January and December of 2011 passed away. The typical patient in our population was a 70-year-old man with a lung tumor. Some 35 (14%) home patients required sedation, compared to 93 (49%) at the hospital. The most frequent indication was delirium (70%), with midazolam the most common drug (mean dose, 40 mg). Survival was around three days. Rales were frequent (57%) as well as awareness of diagnosis and prognosis (77 and 71%, respectively). Perception of suffering after sedation was rare among relatives (17%) and professionals (8%). In most cases, the decision was made jointly by professionals and family members.Significance of Results:Our study confirmed the role of palliative sedation as an appropriate therapeutic tool in the home environment.
Evaluation of GaN-HEMT power amplifiers using BST-based components for load modulation
Authors: Arnous Mhd. Tareq , Wiens Alex , Saad Paul , Preis Sebastian , Zhang Zihui , Jakoby Rolf , Boeck Georg 
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the concept of load-modulated power amplifiers (PAs) is studied. Two GaN-HEMT power amplifiers (PAs), targeted for high efficiency at maximum and output back-off (OBO) power levels, are designed, implemented, and tested across 1.8–2.2 GHz. The load modulation in the first design is realized by tuning the shunt capacitors in the output matching network. A novel method is employed in the second design, where barium–stronrium–titante is used for the realization of load modulation. The large-signal measurement results across the desired band show 59–70% drain efficiency at 44–44.5 dBm output power for both designs. Using the available tunable technique, the drain efficiency of the PAs is enhanced by 4–20% at 6 dB OBO across the bandwidth.
A Ku-band RF-MEMS frequency-reconfigurable multimodal bandpass filter
Authors: Contreras Adrián , Casals-Terré Jasmina , Pradell Lluís , Giacomozzi Flavio , Iannacci Jacopo , Ribó Miquel 
Published: April 2014

In this paper, a uniplanar RF-MEMS second-order bandpass filter with reconfigurable center frequency is presented. It is based on quarter-wavelength slotline resonators and coplanar waveguide (CPW)-to-slotline multimodal immitance inverters (MIIs), which are reconfigured using RF-MEMS switchable CPW air-bridges (SABs). The filter can be adequately explained and designed using multimodal theory and circuit models. A surface micromachining process on high-resistivity silicon substrate was used to fabricate the filter. Experimental results show frequency reconfiguration from 12 to 13 GHz, maintaining the same relative bandwidth, and insertion losses of 4.6 and 4.7 dB, respectively.
Genomic analysis of the blood attributed to Louis XVI (1754–1793), king of France
Authors: Olalde Iñigo , Sánchez-Quinto Federico , Datta Debayan , Marigorta Urko M. , Chiang Charleston W. K. , Rodríguez Juan Antonio , Fernández-Callejo Marcos , González Irene , Montfort Magda , Matas-Lalueza Laura , Civit Sergi , Luiselli Donata , Charlier Philippe , Pettener Davide , Ramírez Oscar , Navarro Arcadi , Himmelbauer Heinz , Marquès-Bonet Tomàs , Lalueza-Fox Carles 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA pyrographically decorated gourd, dated to the French Revolution period, has been alleged to contain a handkerchief dipped into the blood of the French king Louis XVI (1754–1793) after his beheading but recent analyses of living males from two Bourbon branches cast doubts on its authenticity. We sequenced the complete genome of the DNA contained in the gourd at low coverage (~2.5×) with coding sequences enriched at a higher ~7.3× coverage. We found that the ancestry of the gourd's genome does not seem compatible with Louis XVI's known ancestry. From a functional perspective, we did not find an excess of alleles contributing to height despite being described as the tallest person in Court. In addition, the eye colour prediction supported brown eyes, while Louis XVI had blue eyes. This is the first draft genome generated from a person who lived in a recent historical period; however, our results suggest that this sample may not correspond to the alleged king.
6Li-loaded directionally sensitive anti-neutrino detector for possible geo-neutrinographic imaging applications
Authors: Tanaka H. K. M. , Watanabe H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDespite the latent and unique benefits of imaging uranium and thorium's distribution in the earth's interior, previously proposed experimental techniques used to identify the incoming geo-neutrino's direction are not applicable to practical imaging due to the high miss-identification in a neutrino's track reconstruction. After performing experimental studies and Monte-Carlo simulations, we confirmed that a significant improvement is possible in neutrino tracking identification with a 6Li-loaded neutrino detector. For possible imaging applications, we also explore the feasibility of producing geo-neutrinographic images of gigantic magmatic reservoirs and deep structure in the mantle. We anticipate and plan to apply these newly designed detectors to radiographic imaging of the Earth's interior, monitoring of nuclear reactors and tracking astrophysical sources of neutrinos.
Sentence Imitation as a Marker of SLI in Czech: Disproportionate Impairment of Verbs and Clitics
Authors: Smolík Filip , Vávrů Petra 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
The authors examined sentence imitation as a potential clinical marker of specific language impairment (SLI) in Czech and its use to identify grammatical markers of SLI.

Method

Children with SLI and the age- and language-matched control groups (total
N
= 57) were presented with a sentence imitation task, a receptive vocabulary task, and digit span and nonword repetition tasks. Sentence imitations were scored for accuracy and error types. A separate count of inaccuracies for individual part-of-speech categories was performed.

Results
Children with SLI had substantially more inaccurate imitations than the control groups. The differences in the memory measures could not account for the differences between children with SLI and the control groups in imitation accuracy, even though they accounted for the differences between the language-matched and age-matched control groups. The proportion of grammatical errors was larger in children with SLI than in the control groups. The categories that were most affected in imitations of children with SLI were verbs and clitics.

Conclusion
Sentence imitation is a sensitive marker of SLI. Verbs and clitics are the most vulnerable categories in Czech SLI. The pattern of errors suggests that impaired syntactic representations are the most likely source of difficulties in children with SLI.
E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-5 modulates multiple molecular and cellular responses to heat shock protein 90 inhibition in human cancer cells
Authors: Samant Rahul S. , Clarke Paul A. , Workman Paul 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The protective molecular chaperone protein heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is required for the activity and stability of its client proteins, which play diverse roles in both normal cell homeostasis and diseases such as cancer. Pharmacologic inhibition of HSP90 leads to the deactivation and degradation of these clients. Here we report that depleting levels of the degradative enzyme Cullin-5 (CUL5) reduces both client breakdown and loss of signaling output normally observed upon HSP90 inhibitor treatment for five important oncogenic protein kinase clients in four different cancer types. Depleting CUL5 also reduces the sensitivity of a variety of human cancers to HSP90 inhibitors. Our results provide important translational as well as mechanistic insights into the molecular pharmacology of HSP90 inhibitors that are currently undergoing clinical trials.
Single-molecule analysis reveals human UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB) dimerizes on DNA via multiple kinetic intermediates
Authors: Ghodke Harshad , Wang Hong , Hsieh Ching L. , Woldemeskel Selamawit , Watkins Simon C. , Rapić-Otrin Vesna , Van Houten Bennett 
Published: April 2014

Significance
UV damage in genomic DNA is identified by the human UV-damaged DNA-binding protein (UV-DDB). Recognition of DNA damage by UV-DDB serves to initiate global genomic nucleotide excision repair (NER) in humans. Recent work has revealed that UV-DDB dimerizes at sites of damage. This study demonstrates that prior to stable damage recognition, UV-DDB interrogates DNA for damage via a 3D diffusion mechanism coupled to the formation of multiple transient intermediates. Stable binding at sites of damage is achieved by dimerization of UV-DDB. This study also analyzed a disease-causing mutant of UV-DDB, which was found to slide on DNA, while retaining the ability to dimerize on DNA. These results enhance our understanding of damage recognition in NER in humans.
The Status of Environmentally Enhanced Hydropower Turbines
Authors: Hogan Timothy W , Cada Glenn F , Amaral Stephen V 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Environmentally enhanced hydroelectric turbines have been developed to reduce injury and mortality of downstream-migrating fishes and to improve downstream water quality. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in the development of such turbines and in the methods to evaluate their biological and power generating performance. Full-scale demonstrations have verified the performance of Voith Hydro's minimum gap runner turbine, which maintains high survival rates for fish while producing more power than conventional designs. Despite a promising pilot study and subsequent design enhancements, similar full-scale demonstrations of the fish-friendly Alden turbine have yet to be conducted. Furthermore, the tools with which to predict and evaluate the performance of new turbine designs are available and are continually being improved. This article provides a status update of advances in this field over the past decade.
RESUMEN
las turbinas hidroeléctricas ambientalmente mejoradas se desarrollaron para reducir los daños y mortalidad en los peces migratorios en los ríos y para mejorar la calidad del agua en éstos. Se ha logrado un progreso significativo en la última década en el desarrollo de las turbinas y de los métodos de evaluación de su desempeño en cuanto a generación de poder e impacto biológico. Demostraciones a escala real han servido para verificar el desempeño de una hidroturbina Voith de mínimo distanciamiento, la cual mantiene altas tasas de supervivencia en los peces al mismo tiempo que produce mayor cantidad de poder en comparación a los diseños tradicionales. Pese al prometedor estudio piloto y a las subsecuentes mejorías en el diseño, aún están por realizarse demostraciones similares en escala real de la turbina Alden “ictiológicamenteamigable”. De hecho, las herramientas con las que se predice y evalúa el desempeño de nuevos diseños de turbinas, ya están disponibles y se encuentran en un continuo proceso de mejoramiento. Este artículo muestra una actualización del estado y avances en este campo durante la última década.
Erythropoietin Upregulation in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Karamanian Vanesa A. , Harhay Michael , Grant Gregory R. , Palevsky Harold I. , Grizzle William E. , Zamanian Roham T. , Ihida‐Stansbury Kaori , Taichman Darren B. , Kawut Steven M. , Jones Peter L. 
Published: April 2014

The pathophysiologic alterations of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are diverse. We aimed to determine novel pathogenic pathways from circulating proteins in patients with PAH. Multianalyte profiling (MAP) was used to measure 90 specifically selected antigens in the plasma of 113 PAH patients and 51 control patients. Erythropoietin (EPO) functional activity was assessed via in vitro pulmonary artery endothelial cell networking and smooth muscle cell proliferation assays. Fifty‐eight patients had idiopathic PAH, whereas 55 had other forms of PAH; 5 had heritable PAH, 18 had connective tissue disease (15 with scleroderma and 3 with lupus erythematosis), 13 had portopulmonary hypertension, 6 had PAH associated with drugs or toxins, and 5 had congenital heart disease. The plasma‐antigen profile of PAH revealed increased levels of several novel biomarkers, including EPO. Immune quantitative and histochemical studies revealed that EPO not only was significantly elevated in the plasma of PAH patients but also promoted pulmonary artery endothelial cell network formation and smooth muscle cell proliferation. MAP is a hypothesis‐generating approach to identifying novel pathophysiologic pathways in PAH. EPO is upregulated in the circulation and lungs of patients with PAH and may affect endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Role of Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in an Era Stressing Less‐Invasive Imaging Modalities
Authors: Saito Takeshi , Terui Keita , Mitsunaga Tetsuya , Nakata Mitsuyuki , Kuriyama Yutaka , Higashimoto Yasuyuki , Kouchi Katsunori , Onuma Naomi , Takahashi Hideo , Yoshida Hideo 
Published: April 2014

Background:The significance of pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) according to age or disease variation is inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of pediatric ERCP in diagnosing or treating small children with pancreaticobiliary disorders, including choledochal cyst (CC) and biliary atresia (BA).Methods:From 1980 to 2011, 235 ERCPs were performed in 220 pediatric patients (median age, 2 years) at our institution. Underlying pathology was CC in 92 patients (3 years), BA in 62 patients (55 days), and others in 66 patients. Success and complication rates, and ERCP findings were retrospectively analyzed.Results:The overall success rate was 96%. Rates for individual pathologies were 99% for CC, 92% for BA, and 96% for others. The success rate was 100% among children >3 years, but 92% when limited to infants. Post‐ERCP hyperamylasemia and duodenal perforation occurred in 9% and 0.4% of cases, respectively. Regarding preoperative evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary system in CC, ERCP clearly delineated pancreaticobiliary maljunction (79%) and the pancreatic duct (94%), whereas it visualized the common bile duct and intrahepatic bile duct at relatively low rates (77% and 33%, respectively). ERCP successfully identified 16 cases (18%) with non‐BA of 90 patients with suspected BA. Moreover, ERCP demonstrated only pancreatic duct in 70% of all BA.Conclusions:ERCP among children including infants with CC and BA can be performed with fairly satisfactory results. Although pediatric ERCP can also help describe the pancreaticobiliary system in detail, its indication should be deliberately considered when anatomical information from less‐invasive imaging modalities is insufficient.
Do Pediatricians Apply the 2009 NASPGHAN–ESPGHAN Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux After Being Trained?
Authors: Quitadamo Paolo , Urbonas Vaidotas , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Roman Enriqueta , Pavkov Danijela J. , Orel Rok , Dias Jorge A. , Kostovski Aco , Miele Erasmo , Villani Alberto , Staiano Annamaria 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackground:According to a recent survey, the 2009 North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition–European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition gastroesophageal reflux guidelines are poorly adhered to by European primary care pediatricians. The main issue raised from the survey was the prescription of unnecessary acid suppressive medications, especially in infants. No inquiry into the reasons was made. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of the guidelines in European primary care pediatricians undergoing specific trainings.Methods:One hundred pediatricians involved in the previous survey agreed to participate and were randomly divided into 2 groups: one group was trained in the guidelines through an online podcast and the other group was trained through a synopsis. During the following 3 months, each involved pediatrician was asked to enroll every consecutive infant, child, or adolescent with suggestive reflux symptoms. For every enrolled patient, pediatricians filled in a report concerning their diagnostic and therapeutic choices.Results:A total of 382 patients (boys/girls 186/196, infants/children/adolescents 194/123/65) were enrolled by pediatricians. Infants with unexplained crying and/or distressed behavior who were prescribed proton‐pump inhibitors were 3.7% compared with 45.2% of the survey data obtained before the training (P < 0.05). Infants with uncomplicated recurrent regurgitation and vomiting who were prescribed proton‐pump inhibitors were 4.5% against 37.1% of the baseline survey data (P < 0.05). The overall rate of children managed in full compliance with the guidelines was 46.1% after the training compared with 1.8% before the training (P < 0.05). No significant differences were seen between pediatricians from podcast and synopsis group.Conclusions:The North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition–European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition gastroesophageal reflux guidelines have good applicability, despite that they are presently poorly adhered to by European primary care pediatricians. Simple, inexpensive trainings were proven to be effective in increasing adherence by pediatricians. The increase in compliance clearly favors the role of continuous medical education through simple educational tools and subsequent assessment of practice.
The ethics of nobody I know: gender and the politics of description
Authors: Laurie Timothy 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to bring together feminist philosophy, phenomenology, and masculinity studies to consider the gendered formation of ethical practices, focusing on the construction of “male” and “female” identities in quotidian social encounters. While scholarship on masculinity has frequently focused on hegemonic modes of behaviour or normative gender relations, less attention has been paid to the “ethics of people I know” as informal political resources, ones that shapes not only conversations about how one should act (“people I know don’t do that”), but also about the diversity of situations that friends, acquaintances or strangers could plausibly have encountered (“that hasn’t happened to anyone I know”).

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper rethinks mundane social securities drawing on Martin Heidegger, Simone de Beauvoir, and Sara Ahmed to consider anecdotal case studies around gender recognition and political practice, and in doing so also develops the notion of interpellation in relation to everyday ethical problems.

Findings
– The paper suggests that inquiry into diverse modes of quotidian complicities – or what de Beauvoir calls the “snares” of a deeply human liberty – can be useful for describing the mixtures of sympathy, empathy, and disavowal in the performance of pro-feminist and queer-friendly masculinities or masculinist identities. It also suggests that the adoption of an “anti-normative” politics is insufficient for negotiating the problems of description and recognition involved in the articulation of gendered social experiences.

Originality/value
– This paper approaches questions around political identification commonly considered in queer theory from the viewpoint of descriptive practices themselves, and thus reorients problems of recognition and interpellation towards the expression of ethical statements, rather than focusing solely on the objects of such statements.