bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Shear and Flow Parameter Measurement
Authors: Zhang Ming , Esaki Tetsuro , Olsen Harold W. , Mitanf Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Studies on the variation of permeability and the specific storage of bentonite-sand mixtures with shear deformations that may be caused by earthquakes and/or other geological events are of fundamental importance for long-term safety assessments of radioactive nuclear waste disposal facilities. This paper presents a recently developed and improved method for integrated shear and flow parameter measurements on a mixture of Kunigeru V1 Bentonite and D-Sand. This material will be used in low-level radioactive nuclear waste disposal facilities in Japan. The results of this study show that: (1) temperature control is important for measuring hydraulic parameters of low-permeability materials with the flow pump method; (2) shear strains up to about 3% did not significantly influence either the permeability or the specific storage of the bentonite-sand mixture; and (3) permeability and specific storage values interpreted from different time intervals during the transient rise and transient decay phases of the flow pump permeability tests were almost the same, which suggests that the reliability of both the experimental results and the newly derived theoretical analysis used to interpret the hydraulic parameters.
Constant p′ and Constant Volume Friction Angles Are Different
Authors: Kutter Bruce L. , Chen Yie-Ruey 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A series of undrained and drained constant p triaxial compression and extension tests were conducted on Nevada sand at a relative density of about 70%. Most drained tests exhibited a peak followed by a drop of deviatoric stress. The drop in stress corresponded to a drop in dilatancy rate and the formation of a shear band. In most undrained tests, negative pore pressures developed and deviatoric stress increased during the constant volume phase of the test. Eventually, cavitation of the pore fluid occurred and the deviatoric stress stabilized. The maximum stress ratios (and maximum mobilized friction angles) achieved in drained, constant p′ tests were significantly larger than in the constant volume portions of the undrained tests. Rowe (1969) and Bolton (1986) proposed that the peak friction angle has a component due to the critical state friction angle and a component due to the dilation rate. In undrained shear, there is no net dilation, yet the peak mobilized friction angle exceeds the critical state friction angle. The friction angle mobilized in undrained shear appears to be a function of the plastic dilation rate. The plastic dilation rate was estimated in the undrained tests by setting the sum of elastic and plastic dilation rates to zero. The difference between drained and undrained friction angles is consistent with the difference between plastic dilation rates in drained and undrained tests.
The Use of Digital Image Processing in Monitoring Shear Band Development
Authors: Liang Liqun , Saada Adel , Figueroa J. Ludwig , Cope C. T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A new technique involving sample preparation, video imaging, and image analysis has been developed to observe the kinematics of shear bands when geomaterials are subjected to a general state of combined stress. The technique provides an effective, low-cost, and non-invasive way to monitor the development and measure the deformations inside and outside the shear bands. Its capabilities are demonstrated through a series of drained tests in which thin hollow cylinders of sand are subjected to combinations of hydrostatic, axial, and torsional stresses. It is shown that the deformation within the shear band is different from the global one and the one in its vicinity. For sand specimens with the same configuration, density, and confining pressure, the initiation, orientation, and thickness of shear bands depend on the loading path.
Seismic Flat Dilatometer Tests in Connecticut Valley Varved Clay
Authors: Martin Gina Kates , Mayne Paul W. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Downhole shear wave velocity measurements have been incorporated within a “Marchetti” flat dilatometer by placing a velocity transducer in a connecting rod just above the blade. The hybrid of combining downhole seismic with flat dilatometer, termed the seismic dilatometer test (SDMT), has the superior advantages of determining both the routine estimates of soil properties and stratigraphic information, while also measuring the small-strain stiffness within a single sounding. The SDMT is rapid, simple, and cost effective, requiring essentially no more time than a conventional dilatometer sounding. Results of seismic dilatometer testing in clays at the National Geotechnical Experimental Test Site (NGES) in Amherst, Massachusetts are presented and compare favorably with results from companion series of seismic cone penetrometer tests.
Capacitance-Type Sensor System for Characterizations of Icing Behavior
Authors: Tang H. Y. , Wang W. Q. , Wang S. G. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An online monitoring and real-time simulation system for icing of transmission lines is designed using sensing technology with a coplanar multipoint capacitance. A sensor is used in the system to detect changes in the metal electrode capacitance at various positions surrounding transmission lines and verify the ice thickness on the analog lines. Using theoretical analysis and simulations of coplanar electrode fields and capacitors, as well as freezing tests of the system at low temperatures, we found that the system could be quite useful for monitoring the ice thickness of transmission lines.
Modification of a Braided Support Catheter into a Rapid Exchange System for Navigation of a Distal Protection Device through Significant Vascular Tortuosity
Authors: Ding Dale , Starke Robert M. , Durst Christopher R. , Evans Avery J. 
Published: July 2014

Cerebral embolic protection devices (EPD) reduce the rate of periprocedural thromboembolic complications and are currently used in all carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures. However, tortuous vascular anatomy of the internal carotid artery (ICA) may prevent navigation of distal EPDs, thereby leading to inadequate cerebral protection. We present a case in which significant tortuosity of the ICA distal to the stenotic lesion precluded navigation of currently available distal EPDs. During a CAS procedure, significant vascular tortuosity of the distal cervical ICA was noted which prevented navigation of currently available distal EPDs due to catheter kinking. In order to overcome this anatomic barrier, a novel rapid exchange catheter system (RECS) was created using a modified DAC 038 braided catheter through which a distal EPD and microguidewire were placed. This newly devised RECS allowed navigation of the distal EPD past the tortuous ICA bend and successful completion of the CAS procedure without periprocedural complications. We demonstrate that modification of currently available devices can, in select cases, effectively address cases of significant vascular tortuosity which limit the use of conventional distal EPDs.
Facile synthesis of the SiO2/Au hybrid microspheres for excellent catalytic performance
Authors: Liu Xin-Hui , Ding Bin-Bin , Zhu Yan , Wang Tai-Ya , Chen Bi-Cui , Shao Yong , Chen Ming-Qi , Zheng Pan , Zhao Yu-Ling , Qian Hai-Sheng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Novel Electrical Conduction of Insulators under Examination of Defects and Injection and Relationship to Theories of Ferroelectric Domains
Authors: Watanabe Y. , Urakami Y. , Matsumoto D. , Kaku S. , Cheong S.-W. , Thomas G. A. , Miyauchi S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTElectrical conductions in insulators such as resistance switching, conduction at interfaces, and conduction at domain boundaries and free surface of ferroelectrics are of interest. These conductions are often attributed to novel mechanism such as ferroelectric polarization. On the other hand, these interpretations appear not fully accepted, because the recent advanced theories of ferroelectric domains disregard screening indicated by these conduction phenomena. That is, these conduction phenomena are quietly regarded as the classical conduction originating from defects. In this paper, we examine these conductions in pure wide bandgap insulators in view of defects, using the direct-accessibility (tangibility) of conduction at free surfaces. Although most of these conductions in ferroelectrics may not be useful in large-scale applications, we show that they have fundamental implications on renovations of ferroelectric basics.
Role of Inelastic Electron-Phonon Scattering in Ultra-Scaled Phase Change Material Nanostructures
Authors: Liu Jie , Xu Xu , Anantram M. P. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe electron transport properties of ultra-scaled amorphous phase change material (PCM) GeTe are studied using non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF). The inelastic electron-phonon scattering is included using Born approximation. It is shown that, in ultra-scaled PCM device with 6 nm channel length, less than 4% of the energy carried by the incident electrons from the source is transferred to the atomic lattice before reaching the drain, indicating that the electron transport is largely elastic. Our simulation results show that the inelastic electron-phonon scattering, which plays an important role to excite trapped electrons in bulk PCM devices, exerts very limited influence on the current density value and the shape of current-voltage curve of ultra-scaled PCM devices. The analysis reveals that the Poole-Frenkel law and the Ohm’s law, which are the governing physical mechanisms of the bulk PCM devices, cease to be valid in the ultra-scaled PCM devices.
Synthesis of Cadmium and Lead Telluride Nanoparticles: Examples of Oriented attachment Growth Mechanism
Authors: Revaprasadu Neerish 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of hexadecylamine capped (HDA) CdTe and PbTe via a simple hybrid solution based high temperature route is described. In this method the tellurium is first reduced to form the telluride salt followed by reaction with the metal salt and finally thermolysis in a coordinating solvent. The metal salt and reaction temperature played an important role in the morphology and growth mechanism of the particles. The CdTe particles where in the form of rods and spheres whereas the PbTe nanoparticles were in the form of nanowires. The oriented attachment mechanism is proposed for the growth of elongated particles under certain reaction conditions.
Rapid Time Domain Molecular Conductance Measurement of Alkanedithiols Using STM
Authors: Ma James , Chang Shuai , Howe Roger 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTMolecules such as dithiols are of significant interest for potential molecular electronics applications. To investigate their properties, an efficient method for measuring their electrical conductance is crucial. This research focuses on the time domain measurement, a novel technique capable of measuring hundreds of molecules within a matter of seconds. Measurements were conducted using STM with the tip positioned within tunneling distance over a SAM of 1,8-octanedithiol on Au(111)-mica substrate submerged in toluene. Bonding/debonding events between the tops of molecules and the tip were observed through jumps in the time domain current waveform. A new time-spent histogram data analysis technique was developed to extract conductance values from complex waveforms. Conductance of 2.6 nS was obtained for a single 1,8-octanedithiol molecule, consistent with results obtained from wellestablished but time consuming break junction technique, validating the new STM based time domain technique for fast measurement of molecular conductance.
Quality Deterioration of Boiled Salted Carp Fish (Cyprinus carprio), Processed using Different Cooking Methods, During Chilling Storage
Authors: Dwi Suryaningrum Theresia , Syamdidi Syamdidi 
Published: July 2014

Study on quality changes of boiled salted Carp fish, processed using different cooking methods during chilling storage has been conducted. The study was intended to obtain an information on the effect of cooking method on the shelf-life of boiled salted carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) at chilling temperatures. Fish was soaked in a 0.2% of alum solution and then marinated in condiment solution for 30 minutes. Fish were cooked for 4 h by two different methods i.e steaming and boiling, at 98-100 oC, and then dried in the oven at 80-90 oC for 1 hour. Boiled salted fish then were stored at chilling room (2-4 oC) and observed every 3 days for 15 days. The quality of boiled salted fish were analyzed i.e proximate at the beginning and the end of storage, while moisture content, pH, TVB, total plate count, mold and sensory test were conducted during chilling storage. The results showed that steamed boiled salted carp fish had higher protein content, pH and also have better product which was preferable by the panelists. Based on this result steaming method was recomended to be used as processing method for production of boiled salted carp fish from fresh water. Sensory test found that panelists preferred steamed product which had a good appearance, odor, taste and texture. However steamed product had faster increase of moisture content, TVB, and number of bacteria as well as the decrease of pH value and odor causing faster deterioration of product compared to boiling method. Based on microbiological tests, the boiled salted carp fish cooked by steaming methods were safe to be consumed before 6 days and the boiling method before 9 days, since storage exceed that periods resulted in number of bacteria already reached the maximum number allowed and became not suitable for human consumption.
Older Jail Inmates and Community Acute Care Use
Authors: Chodos Anna H. , Ahalt Cyrus , Cenzer Irena Stijacic , Myers Janet , Goldenson Joe , Williams Brie A. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We examined older jail inmates’ predetainment acute care use (emergency department or hospitalization in the 3 months before arrest) and their plans for using acute care after release. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study of 247 jail inmates aged 55 years or older assessing sociodemographic characteristics, health, and geriatric conditions associated with predetainment and anticipated postrelease acute care use. Results. We found that 52% of older inmates reported predetainment acute care use and 47% planned to use the emergency department after release. In modified Poisson regression, homelessness was independently associated with predetainment use (relative risk = 1.42; 95% confidence interval = 1.10, 1.83) and having a primary care provider was inversely associated with planned use (relative risk = 0.69; 95% confidence interval = 0.53, 0.89). Conclusions. The Affordable Care Act has expanded Medicaid eligibility to all persons leaving jail in an effort to decrease postrelease acute care use in this high-risk population. Jail-to-community transitional care models that address the health, geriatric, and social factors prevalent in older adults leaving jail, and that focus on linkages to housing and primary care, are needed to enhance the impact of the act on acute care use for this population.
Prevalence of Undiagnosed Acute and Chronic HIV in a Lower-Prevalence Urban Emergency Department
Authors: Moschella Phillip C. , Hart Kimberly W. , Ruffner Andrew H. , Lindsell Christopher J. , Wayne D. Beth , Sperling Matthew I. , Trott Alexander T. , Fichtenbaum Carl J. , Lyons Michael S. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We estimated the seroprevalence of both acute and chronic HIV infection by using a random sample of emergency department (ED) patients from a region of the United States with low-to-moderate HIV prevalence. Methods. This cross-sectional seroprevalence study consecutively enrolled patients aged 18 to 64 years within randomly selected sampling blocks in a Midwestern urban ED in a region of lower HIV prevalence in 2008 to 2009. Participants were compensated for providing a blood sample and health information. After de-identification, we assayed samples for HIV antibody and nucleic acid. Results. There were 926 participants who consented and enrolled. Overall, prevalence of undiagnosed HIV was 0.76% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30%, 1.56%). Three participants (0.32%; 95% CI = 0.09%, 0.86%) were nucleic acid–positive but antibody-negative and 4 (0.43%; 95% CI = 0.15%, 1.02%) were antibody-positive. Conclusions. Even when the absolute prevalence is low, a considerable proportion of undetected HIV cases in an ED population are acute. Identification of acute HIV in ED settings should receive increased priority.
Caloric Beverage Intake Among Adult Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participants
Authors: Todd Jessica E. , Ver Ploeg Michele 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We compared sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), alcohol, and other caloric beverage (juice and milk) consumption of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants with that of low-income nonparticipants. Methods. We used 1 day of dietary intake data from the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 4594 adults aged 20 years and older with household income at or below 250% of the federal poverty line. We used bivariate and multivariate methods to compare the probability of consuming and the amount of calories consumed for each beverage type across 3 groups: current SNAP participants, former participants, and nonparticipants. We used instrumental variable methods to control for unobservable differences in participant groups. Results. After controlling for observable characteristics, SNAP participants were no more likely to consume SSBs than were nonparticipants. Instrumental variable estimates showed that current participants consumed fewer calories from SSBs than did similar nonparticipants. We found no differences in alcoholic beverage consumption, which cannot be purchased with SNAP benefits. Conclusions. SNAP participants are not unique in their consumption of SSBs or alcoholic beverages. Purchase restrictions may have little effect on SSB consumption.
Assessing the Connection Between Health and Education: Identifying Potential Leverage Points for Public Health to Improve School Attendance
Authors: Gase Lauren N. , Kuo Tony , Coller Karen , Guerrero Lourdes R. , Wong Mitchell D. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We examined multiple variables influencing school truancy to identify potential leverage points to improve school attendance. Methods. A cross-sectional observational design was used to analyze inner-city data collected in Los Angeles County, California, during 2010 to 2011. We constructed an ordinal logistic regression model with cluster robust standard errors to examine the association between truancy and various covariates. Results. The sample was predominantly Hispanic (84.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed greater truancy among students (1) with mild (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22, 2.01) and severe (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.04, 3.13) depression (referent: no depression), (2) whose parents were neglectful (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.21, 4.03) or indulgent (AOR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.82; referent: authoritative parents), (3) who perceived less support from classes, teachers, and other students regarding college preparation (AOR = 0.87; 95% CI = 0.81, 0.95), (4) who had low grade point averages (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.49, 4.38), and (5) who reported using alcohol (AOR = 3.47; 95% CI = 2.34, 5.14) or marijuana (AOR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.38) during the past month. Conclusions. Study findings suggest depression, substance use, and parental engagement as potential leverage points for public health to intervene to improve school attendance.
The Effect of Cognitive Therapy on Structural Social Capital: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Sexual Violence Survivors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Hall Brian J. , Bolton Paul A. , Annan Jeannie , Kaysen Debra , Robinette Katie , Cetinoglu Talita , Wachter Karin , Bass Judith K. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We evaluated changes in social capital following group-based cognitive processing therapy (CPT) for female survivors of sexual violence. Methods. We compared CPT with individual support in a cluster-randomized trial in villages in South Kivu province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Local psychosocial assistants delivered the interventions from April through July 2011. We evaluated differences between CPT and individual support conditions for structural social capital (i.e., time spent with nonkin social network, group membership and participation, and the size of financial and instrumental support networks) and emotional support seeking. We analyzed intervention effects with longitudinal random effects models. Results. We obtained small to medium effect size differences for 2 study outcomes. Women in the CPT villages increased group membership and participation at 6-month follow-up and emotional support seeking after the intervention compared with women in the individual support villages. Conclusions. Results support the efficacy of group CPT to increase dimensions of social capital among survivors of sexual violence in a low-income conflict-affected context.
Project HOPE: Online Social Network Changes in an HIV Prevention Randomized Controlled Trial for African American and Latino Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Young Sean D. , Holloway Ian , Jaganath Devan , Rice Eric , Westmoreland Drew , Coates Thomas 
Published: July 2014

Objectives. We examined whether and how an HIV prevention diffusion-based intervention spread throughout participants’ online social networks and whether changes in social network ties were associated with increased HIV prevention and testing behaviors. Methods. We randomly assigned 112 primarily racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM) to receive peer-delivered HIV (intervention) or general health (control) information over 12 weeks through closed Facebook groups. We recorded participants’ public Facebook friend networks at baseline (September 2010) and follow-up (February 2011), and assessed whether changes in network growth were associated with changes in health engagement and HIV testing. Results. Within-group ties increased in both conditions from baseline to follow-up. Among the intervention group, we found a significant positive relation between increased network ties and using social media to discuss sexual behaviors. We found a positive trending relationship between increased network ties and likelihood of HIV testing, follow-up for test results, and participation in online community discussions. No significant differences were seen within control groups. Conclusions. Among high-risk MSM, peer-led social media HIV prevention interventions can increase community cohesion. These changes appear to be associated with increased HIV prevention and testing behaviors.