bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapping efficacy of invasive crows is affected by environmental factors and deployment history
Authors: Yong Cheryl K. L. , Soh Malcolm C. K. , Samsuri Astri Noorbaini , Lim Kai Ning , Er Kenneth B. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHouse crows (Corvus splendens) are considered an invasive species and are prevalent in parts of Europe, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Existing crow management measures include food limitation, habitat modification, and direct population control. The latter method provides a more immediate solution, particularly in nesting locations where crow attacks occur more frequently. Crow ladder traps are widely adopted to capture crows, but a thorough examination of the environmental conditions that optimize trapping efficacy is lacking. We assessed factors affecting crow trap efficacy in Singapore to better advise future deployment strategies of crow traps. We obtained data from 170 crow trapping operations including the identities of the contractors conducting the trapping operations, operation start date, crow density, intensity of bird feeding, various land use cover proportions, and an index to quantify the spatial‐temporal proximity to previous trapping operations. We used a spatial gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) to determine the factors affecting the daily number of crows captured and a spatial binomial GLM to determine the factors affecting the probability that crows will be captured. The number of bird‐feeding incidents had a negative effect on crow trap efficacy suggesting that crows are probably less inclined to enter traps if proximate anthropogenic food abundance is high. Trapping efficacy increased if traps were placed in high crow‐density areas, likely because more crows could detect the traps. The probability of capture also declined if the traps were placed closer to prior trapping locations or with a shorter time interval from previous trapping operations. Capture rates of crows can be increased by placing traps in high crow density areas, limiting bird‐feeding incidences, and lengthening the spatial and temporal proximities to previous trapping operations. The deployment of ladder traps is a viable means to control the population of house crows and consideration of environmental conditions and trapping history can improve capture rates.
Hydrogen Strategy of Sweden: Unpacking the Multiple Drivers and Potential Barriers to Hydrogen Development
Authors: Ćetković Stefan , Stockburger Janek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter investigates the main elements, drivers, and challenges of the hydrogen sector in Sweden. A particular focus is placed on the approach of the Swedish government to hydrogen development and its internal and external dimensions. The domestic interest in hydrogen in Sweden has in the past been primarily focused on the decarbonization of hard-to-abate industrial sectors, in particular the steel industry. Given the current surplus of low-carbon electricity supply, which relies on hydropower, nuclear and increasingly wind power, the attention was solely directed towards domestic production and use of low-carbon hydrogen for the industry. With the growing importance of hydrogen at the EU level, accompanied by the introduction of an EU hydrogen strategy, investment funds and common standards, there has been a rapid increase in interest by business actors in various hydrogen sectors (e-fuels, green hydrogen, ammonia) in Sweden. Individual regions in Sweden have also taken the initiative and made use of EU funds to try position themselves in and benefit economically from the emerging hydrogen sectors. As most private investors aim to use green hydrogen produced by renewable energy sources, the demand for green electricity, particularly in onshore and offshore wind, is expected to skyrocket. The government, however, has so far failed to enact credible plans and policies detailing where and how new wind power projects will be built and which sectors may gain priority access to renewable electricity. There has also been a lack of effort in facilitating the realization of infrastructure for the potential transport of hydrogen through pipelines or Swedish ports. In light of the growing interest in low-carbon hydrogen, the considerable industry know-how and the vast renewable energy potential in Sweden, there is a pressing need for a more comprehensive approach by the government and a stronger alignment with the efforts of the EU and other Member States.
Norway’s Hydrogen Strategy: Unveiling Green Opportunities and Blue Export Ambitions
Authors: Skjærseth Jon Birger , Eikeland Per Ove , Inderberg Tor Håkon Jackson , Larsen Mari Lie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the challenges and prospects for Norway’s internal and external hydrogen strategy from around 2019, when Norway’s low-carbon hydrogen policies and activities began to gain traction. Norway has taken a technology-neutral approach to ‘green’ and ‘blue’ hydrogen technologies linked to reducing emissions. Two end-use sectors have been prioritized: maritime transport and energy-intensive industries. This strategy is based on Norway’s energy mix, industry structure/interest and research competence. Climate concerns appear as the predominant motivation underlying the Norwegian government’s low-carbon hydrogen strategy, with industrial value creation as an additional key goal. Political priorities roughly align with actual funding priorities, as there has been a massive increase in direct state aid to low-carbon hydrogen projects. Externally, Norway’s hydrogen strategy has potential significance for Europe, particularly for countries with maritime interests and high hydrogen import needs. However, Norway’s technology-neutral approach differs from those of most other European countries. What Norway’s hydrogen strategy will mean for Europe remains to be seen—but its main interests centre on the export of ‘blue’ hydrogen, with ‘green’ hydrogen reserved primarily for meeting domestic needs.
The Geopolitics of Hydrogen in Europe: The Interplay between EU and Member State Policies
Authors: Quitzow Rainer , Zabanova Yana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrawing on the findings of the case studies presented in this edited volume, this final chapter summarizes and discusses the geopolitical challenges of hydrogen development in the European Union. The chapter provides a review of how the interplay of national and EU-level politics and policies is shaping the EU’s domestic and international hydrogen policy. It presents key insights from the evolution of hydrogen policy in the EU, as well as at the national level in Germany, France, Poland, Hungary, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Norway (as a member of the European Economic Area). After reviewing important commonalities and differences across these cases, the chapter examines their interplay with policies at the EU level as well as potential synergies and sources of tension between the selected countries. It discusses how domestic politics and energy policy legacies shape differing policy approaches and priorities, including chosen technology pathways for hydrogen production, priority hydrogen uses and positions towards the development of cross-border infrastructure and trade. The chapter concludes with a reflection on how Europe’s strengths and vulnerabilities shape its role in the global geopolitics of hydrogen and inform its international engagement on the transition to net zero more broadly.
France’s Hydrogen Strategy: Focusing on Domestic Hydrogen Production to Decarbonise Industry and Mobility
Authors: Bouacida Ines 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrance was one of the European frontrunners in formulating policies to develop hydrogen for decarbonisation, releasing its first hydrogen plan in 2018. This was followed by a larger, €9-billion strategy in 2020 (to be updated in 2024), hot on the heels of plans released by the European Commission and Germany. The French strategy for hydrogen deployment focuses in particular on applications where hydrogen is key for deep decarbonisation, including refineries and the chemical industry as well as steel production, and the mobility sector. The country aims to have a head start on European and world competitors thanks to its large electricity resources from the existing nuclear fleet and by building new nuclear capacity. Additionally, it relies on several existing innovation hubs specialising in hydrogen, as well as on the support of many local governments involved in hydrogen development and a relatively structured hydrogen industry. The French strategy for hydrogen includes few ambitions at the international level beyond scientific and technological cooperation within the European Union. The political priority is to develop a domestic industry sized to meet national demand, which is seen as a more secure sourcing strategy than relying on imports. This comes in contrast with the positions of France’s neighbours, notably Spain, Portugal and Germany, which are pushing to enable cross-border trade of hydrogen as early as possible. This situation has generated political tensions within the European Union and in particular in the Franco-German relationship.
Spain’s Hydrogen Ambition: Between Reindustrialisation and Export-Led Energy Integration with the EU
Authors: Urbasos Ignacio , Escribano Gonzalo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Spanish approach to renewable hydrogen has evolved significantly driven by economic and geopolitical factors. Initially framed as a tool for domestic industrial development during the COVID-19 crisis, the 2020 Spanish Hydrogen Roadmap emphasised creating hydrogen clusters for production and consumption. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the European Commission's call for increased ambition in renewable hydrogen in REPowerEU prompted a strategic shift. Spain now focuses on exports and infrastructure development, balancing the drive for domestic green reindustrialisation with an export-oriented model to integrate the Iberian Peninsula's energy with Europe. Despite concerns about historical obstacles to interconnections, Spain prioritises hydrogen diplomacy with key European allies. Looking ahead, Spain envisions hydrogen as a vector for Euro-Mediterranean energy integration, energy cooperation, and business collaboration in Latin America. The chapter concludes that Spain needs to build a national strategy that aligns the domestic and international dimensions of hydrogen development, sending a coherent message to civil society, the private sector and institutions.
Hydrogen Policy in the Netherlands: Laying the Foundations for a Scalable Hydrogen Value Chain
Authors: Stam Roelof , van der Linde Coby , Stapersma Pier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter delves into the Dutch hydrogen strategy, examining the Netherlands’ starting position, its national hydrogen strategy, policy initiatives and the international approach adopted by the Dutch government in the low-carbon hydrogen economy. The Dutch Climate Agreement of 2019 identified low-carbon hydrogen as a key part of the carbon reduction strategy, especially in hard-to-abate sectors. The Netherlands is well-placed to make a substantial contribution to Europe’s low-carbon hydrogen market leveraging its current role as a European energy hub, substantial chemical cluster, strategic North Sea location, offshore wind potential, and existing gas and oil infrastructure. To bolster investment security and scale up the low-carbon hydrogen market by 2030, the Dutch government has opted for a blend of obligations and subsidies. The Dutch government favours hydrogen production through electrolysis from renewable energy, while concurrently allowing for the utilization of hydrogen produced from natural gas with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology where applicable. Internationally, the Netherlands aims to position itself as the central hub for hydrogen in Northwest Europe. This involves linking Dutch domestic production at the North Sea and international exporters with users in industrial clusters across Northwest Europe.
A differential representation for holographic correlators
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Wang Bo , Yuan Ellis Ye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a differential representation for holographic four-point correlators. In this representation, the correlators are given by acting differential operators on certain seed functions. The number of these functions is much smaller than what is normally seen in known examples of holographic correlators, and all of them have simple Mellin amplitudes. This representation establishes a direct connection between correlators in position space and their Mellin space counterpart. The existence of this representation also imposes non- trivial constraints on the structure of holographic correlators. We illustrate these ideas by correlators in AdS5 × S5 and AdS5 × S3.
Parton-shower effects in polarized deep inelastic scattering
Authors: Borsa Ignacio , Jäger Barbara 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a Monte-Carlo program for the simulation of polarized deep inelastic scattering at next-to-leading order in QCD matched to parton shower programs building on an existing implementation of the unpolarized case in the POWHEG BOX package. We discuss extensions of the POWHEG BOX framework necessary to account for polarized initial states and validate the code by detailed comparisons to existing fixed-order results. We then use the new tool to make predictions for the upcoming Electron Ion Collider. We find that parton-shower effects do have an impact on experimentally accessible distributions and improve the agreement with the next-to-next-to-leading order results.
Integrable structure of higher spin CFT and the ODE/IM correspondence
Authors: Ashok Sujay K. , Parihar Sanhita , Sengupta Tanmoy , Sudhakar Adarsh , Tateo Roberto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study two dimensional systems with extended conformal symmetry generated by the $$ \mathcal{W} $$
W
3 algebra. These are expected to have an infinite number of commuting conserved charges, which we refer to as the quantum Boussinesq charges. We compute the eigenvalues of the quantum Boussinesq charges in both the vacuum and first excited states of the higher spin module through the ODE/IM correspondence. By studying the higher spin conformal field theory on the torus, we also calculate thermal correlators involving the energy-momentum tensor and the spin-3 current by making use of the Zhu recursion relations. By combining these results, we show that it is possible to derive the current densities, whose integrals are the quantum Boussinesq charges. We also evaluate the thermal expectation values of the conserved charges, and show that these are quasi-modular differential operators acting on the character of the higher spin module.
Reduced polygons in the hyperbolic plane
Authors: Lassak Marek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor a hyperplane H supporting a convex body C in the hyperbolic space $$\mathbb {H}^d$$

H

d

, we define the width of C determined by H as the distance between H and a most distant ultraparallel hyperplane supporting C. The minimum width of C over all supporting H is called the thickness $$\Delta (C)$$

Δ
(
C
)

of C. A convex body $$R \subset \mathbb {H}^{d}$$

R
⊂

H

d

is said to be reduced if $$\Delta (Z) < \Delta (R)$$

Δ
(
Z
)
<
Δ
(
R
)

for every convex body Z properly contained in R. We describe a class of reduced polygons in $$\mathbb {H}^{2}$$

H

2

and present some properties of them. In particular, we estimate their diameters in terms of their thicknesses.
Concentration of solutions for non-autonomous double-phase problems with lack of compactness
Authors: Zhang Weiqiang , Zuo Jiabin , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present paper is devoted to the study of the following double-phase equation $$\begin{aligned} -\text {div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u+\mu _{\varepsilon }(x)|\nabla u|^{q-2}\nabla u)+V_{\varepsilon }(x)(|u|^{p-2}u+\mu _{\varepsilon }(x)|u|^{q-2}u)=f(u)\quad \text{ in }\quad \mathbb {R}^{N}, \end{aligned}$$

-

div
(
|
∇
u
|

p
-
2

∇
u
+

μ
ε

(
x
)

|
∇
u
|

q
-
2

∇
u
)
+

V
ε

(
x
)

(
|
u
|

p
-
2

u
+

μ
ε

(
x
)

|
u
|

q
-
2

u
)
=
f

(
u
)

in

R

N

,

where $$N\ge 2$$

N
≥
2

, $$1<p<q<N$$

1
<
p
<
q
<
N

, $$q<p^{*}$$

q
<

p

∗

with $$p^{*}=\frac{Np}{N-p}$$

p

∗

=

Np

N
-
p

, $$\mu :\mathbb {R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

μ
:

R

N

→
R

is a continuous non-negative function, $$\mu _{\varepsilon }(x)=\mu (\varepsilon x)$$

μ
ε

(
x
)

=
μ

(
ε
x
)

, $$V:\mathbb {R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

V
:

R

N

→
R

is a positive potential satisfying a local minimum condition, $$V_{{{\,\mathrm{\varepsilon }\,}}}(x)=V({{\,\mathrm{\varepsilon }\,}}x)$$

V

ε

(
x
)

=
V

(

ε

x
)

, and the nonlinearity $$f:\mathbb {R}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$$

f
:
R
→
R

is a continuous function with subcritical growth. Under natural assumptions on $$\mu $$
μ
, V and f, by using penalization methods and Lusternik–Schnirelmann theory we first establish the multiplicity of solutions, and then, we obtain concentration properties of solutions.
Understanding the machined material’s behaviour in electro-discharge machining (EDM) using a multi-phase smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modelling
Authors: Alshaer Ahmad W. , Abdallah Ramy , Rajab Fatema H. , Barzinjy Azeez A. , Otanocha Omonigho B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectro-discharge machining (EDM) has been extensively employed for machining hard alloys, and its simulations have been widely conducted using finite element analysis (FEA). However, the majority of mesh-based models depended on forecasting the crater profile only based on the temperature gradient, without offering detailed data regarding the machined material properties. It is crucial to understand the behaviour of the machined material in order to accurately assess the flushing efficiency, analyse the wear on the electrode, and examine the interaction between the debris generated during machining and the remaining workpiece. This is done to ensure that no recast material is left behind after the EDM process. For the first time, a meshless smoothed particle hydrodynamics multi-phase model was implemented to gain practical insights and comprehensively understand a very intricate phenomenon that occurs within a very short time. Additionally, this approach is utilised to investigate the characteristics of the materials being machined. We utilised our SPH model to simulate both the capacitance- and transistor-based EDM of Ti–6Al–4V and AISI304 steel. Our simulation considered the temperature-dependent thermal properties and latent heats of the materials. The accuracy of our model was confirmed by comparing its results with experimental, analytical, and finite element analysis (FEA) results. The machined material was observed during its removal from the surface, and the dimensions of the resulting crater, as well as its aspect ratio and the rate at which the material was removed, were predicted with an error ranging from 2 to 22%. This error is far lower than that of the typical finite element (FE) prediction. This model lays the groundwork for a more complex model that will more accurately represent EDM and other similar manufacturing processes.
A two-level decision-support framework for reverse logistics network design considering technology transformation in Industry 4.0: a case study in Norway
Authors: Sun Xu , Yu Hao , Solvang Wei Deng , Govindan Kannan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReverse logistics network design is a complex decision-making problem that involves the reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling of end-of-life (EOL) under the tradeoff among conflicting objectives. The cutting-edge technologies in Industry 4.0 are now leading to an unprecedented and dynamic transformation of reverse logistics systems, which, however, further complicates the initial network design. In this paper, a two-level decision-support framework combined with both optimization and dynamic simulation is proposed to balance the cost, environmental impact, and service level in smart and sustainable reverse logistics network design under a dynamically evolving and stochastic environment. The results of a real-world case study in Norway show that the method can better support robust strategic decisions, eliminate dominated/near-dominated solutions, and yield holistic performance analyses considering smart reverse logistics transformation. The proposed two-level decision-support framework can better analyze the impact of the technology transformation of Industry 4.0 on reverse logistics systems, while it also provides a fundamental structure for digital reverse logistics twin.
Experimental investigation and optimization of the effects of manufacturing parameters on geometric tolerances in additive manufacturing of AlSi10Mg alloy
Authors: Siyambaş Yusuf , Turgut Yakup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile the quality of parts produced by additive manufacturing is generally evaluated by surface roughness, relative density, and mechanical properties, the issue of dimensional accuracy is not examined sufficiently. However, dimensional accuracy is very important for the final use and finishing of a product. Since the dimensional change mainly occurs due to shrinkage resulting from the heat energy applied during the sintering process, the effect of production parameters in the additive manufacturing method is quite large. To minimize shrinkage and increase dimensional accuracy, manufacturing parameters need to be optimized and meticulously examined. This study was aimed at determining the effects of manufacturing parameters on geometric tolerances in the production of parts using the additive manufacturing method. AlSi10Mg powder alloy and selective laser melting (SLM) technology were used in the additive manufacturing of this alloy in part production. Twelve different laser powers and scanning speeds, as well as fixed scanning range and layer thickness parameters, were used in production. In determining geometric tolerances, features such as hole diameter change, deviation from angularity, deviation from perpendicularity, deviation from flatness, and deviation from parallelism were taken into consideration. As a result of the study, deviation values increased in high and low laser power/scanning speed combinations. Minimum deviation amounts were obtained in the range of 250–310 laser power and 785–974 scanning speed, which are the middle values of the parameters used. The optimum values of different output responses have been obtained with different production parameters, but for the final use and quality control approval of the product, it is necessary to determine the input parameters at which all output responses are optimal. In this process, the gray relational analysis optimization method, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, was preferred. As a result of the optimization, the optimum manufacturing parameters for geometric tolerances were determined as the 290/911 laser power/scanning speed combination.