bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on total plant nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery from soil organic material
Authors: SAIA S. , BENÍTEZ E. , GARCÍA-GARRIDO J. M. , SETTANNI L. , AMATO G. , GIAMBALVO D. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increase nitrogen (N) uptake by their host plants, but their role in plant N capture from soil organic material is still unclear. In particular, it is not clear if AM fungi compete with the host plant for the N coming from the decomposing organic matter (OM), especially when the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) and plant roots share the same soil volume. The goal of the present research was to study the effects of AM fungi on wheat N capture after the addition of15N-labelled OM to soil. Durum wheat (Triticum durum) was grown under controlled conditions in a sand:soil mix and the following treatments were applied: (1) AM inoculation withGlomus mosseaeand uninoculated control; and (2) soil amended with15N-enriched maize leaves and unamended soil. The addition of OM reduced plant growth and N uptake. The AM fungi increased both plant growth and N uptake compared with uninoculated control plants and the effect was enhanced when wheat was grown in soil amended with OM compared with the unamended control. Although AM fungi increased soil N mineralization rates and total plant N uptake, they strongly reduced wheat N recovery from OM, suggesting that AM fungi have marked effects on competition between plants and bacteria for the different N sources in soil.
Impact du sentiment de dépendance aux benzodiazépines sur l’utilisation des services de santé : Étude sur la santé des aînés
Authors: Mengue Pamphile-Gervais Nkogho , Abdous Belkacem , Berbiche Djamal , Préville Michel , Voyer Philippe 
Published: February 2013

RÉSUMÉContexte :La consommation de benzodiazépines est une pratique courante chez les personnes aînées. Cette consommation peut entraîner un problème de dépendance dont les critères duManuel diagnostic et statistique des troubles mentaux, 4eédition révisée(DSM-IV-TR) ne s’appliqueraient pas toujours à la situation de l’aîné. Cette recherche vise à examiner l’association entre le sentiment de dépendance aux benzodiazépines et l’utilisation des services de santé par les aînés. Un objectif secondaire consiste à décrire l’utilisation des benzodiazépines chez les aînés vivant dans la communauté.Méthode :Les données proviennent d’une enquête menée au Québec en 2005-2006 auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 707 francophones âgés de 65 ans et plus vivant dans la communauté. Le sentiment de dépendance aux benzodiazépines a été évalué par une variable composite intégrant deux questions inspirées du DSM-IV-TR. L’utilisation des services de santé a été mesurée par l’incidence cumulée des consultations auprès des professionnels de la santé au cours d’une période de 12 mois.Résultats :Les aînés ont consommé au total 745 benzodiazépines parmi lesquelles 117 (16,5 %) avaient une longue demi-vie d’élimination. La proportion d’aînés qui ont rapporté un sentiment de dépendance aux benzodiazépines a été estimée à 35,1 %. Ces aînés n’ont pas significativement davantage utilisé les services de santé pour leurs problèmes de dépendance aux benzodiazépines.Conclusion :Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que l’utilisation des benzodiazépines chez les aînés au Québec est loin d’être optimale. Par ailleurs, le besoin ressenti de dépendance ne constitue pas un facteur suffisant pour amener les aînés à utiliser les services de santé pour la prise en charge d’un problème de dépendance. Il existe donc un besoin de recherche afin de mieux cerner les barrières associées à l’utilisation des services de santé par les aînés dépendants aux benzodiazépines.
Calcifying fibrous tumour originating from the right cardiac ventricle in a child
Authors: Zhang Ben , Zhang Weida , Wang Xiaowu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCalcifying fibrous tumour is a rare benign fibrous lesion. It is paucicellular, with fibroblasts, dense collagenisation, psammomatous and dystrophic calcification, and patchy lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. Calcifying fibrous tumour was first described in subcutaneous and deep soft tissues, and has been reported all over the body. However, calcifying fibrous tumour originating from the heart is extremely rare. This article describes the case of a giant calcifying fibrous tumour arising from the right ventricle in a child, where the tumour was totally resected and no recurrence was observed during a 4-year follow-up period.
Effect of Preschool Working Memory, Language, and Narrative Abilities on Inferential Comprehension at School-Age in Children with Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele and Typically Developing Children
Authors: Pike Meredith , Swank Paul , Taylor Heather , Landry Susan , Barnes Marcia A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractChildren with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM) are more likely to display a pattern of good-decoding/poor comprehension than their neurologically intact peers. The goals of the current study were to (1) examine the cognitive origins of one of the component skills of comprehension, bridging inferences, from a developmental perspective and (2) to test the effects of those relations on reading comprehension achievement. Data from a sample of children with SBM and a control group (n = 78) who participated in a longitudinal study were taken from age 36-month and 9.5-year time points. A multiple mediation model provided evidence that three preschool cognitive abilities (working memory/inhibitory control, oral comprehension, narrative recall), could partially explain the relation between group and bridging inference skill. A second mediation model supported that each of the 36-month abilities had an indirect effect on reading comprehension through bridging inference skill. Findings contribute to an understanding of both typical and atypical comprehension development, blending theories from the developmental, cognitive, and neuropsychological literature. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–10)
Impact of iron-fortified foods on Hb concentration in children (<10 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Athe Ramesh , Rao M Vishnu Vardhana , Nair K Madhavan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo combine evidence from randomized controlled trials to assess the effect of Fe-fortified foods on mean Hb concentration in children (<10 years).DesignWe conducted a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled, Fe-fortified feeding trials that evaluated Hb concentration. The weighted mean difference was calculated for net changes in Hb by using random-effects models. Meta-regression and covariate analyses were performed to explore the influence of confounders on the net pooled effect.SettingTrials were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library and secondary references.SubjectsEighteen studies covering 5142 participants were identified. The duration of feeding of fortified foods ranged from 6 to 12 months in these studies.ResultsEighteen studies were included and evaluated in the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of Hb concentration showed a significant increase in the fortification group compared with the control group (weighted mean difference = 5·09 g/l; 95 % CI 3·23, 6·95 g/l;I2= 90 %,τ2= 18·37,P< 0·0001). Meta-regression analysis indicated that duration of feeding was positively related to the effect size (regression coefficient = 0·368; 95 % CI 0·005, 0·731;P< 0·05). The net pooled effect size after removing the confounders was 4·74 (95 % CI 3·08, 6·40) g/l.ConclusionsWe observed an association between intake of Fe-fortified foods and Hb concentration in children aged <10 years. Fe-fortified foods could be an effective strategy for reducing Fe-deficiency anaemia in children.
OPTIMAL CONTROL OF SWITCHED IMPULSIVE SYSTEMS WITH TIME DELAY
Authors: WONG K. H. , TANG W. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe develop a computational method for solving an optimal control problem governed by a switched impulsive dynamical system with time delay. At each time instant, only one subsystem is active. We propose a computational method for solving this optimal control problem where the time spent by the state in each subsystem is treated as a new parameter. These parameters and the jump strengths of the impulses are decision parameters to be optimized. The gradient formula of the cost function is derived in terms of solving a number of delay differential equations forward in time. Based on this, the optimal control problem can be solved as an optimization problem.
A HYBRID MODEL FOR STUDYING SPATIAL ASPECTS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Authors: BINDER BENJAMIN J. , ROSS JOSHUA V. , SIMPSON MATTHEW J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe consider a hybrid model, created by coupling a continuum and an agent-based model of infectious disease. The framework of the hybrid model provides a mechanism to study the spread of infection at both the individual and population levels. This approach captures the stochastic spatial heterogeneity at the individual level, which is directly related to deterministic population level properties. This facilitates the study of spatial aspects of the epidemic process. A spatial analysis, involving counting the number of infectious agents in equally sized bins, reveals when the spatial domain is nonhomogeneous.
CONTINUED FRACTIONS FOR A CLASS OF TRIANGLE GROUPS
Authors: CALTA KARIANE , SCHMIDT THOMAS A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe give continued fraction algorithms for each conjugacy class of triangle Fuchsian group of signature $(3, n, \infty )$, with $n\geq 4$. In particular, we give an explicit form of the group that is a subgroup of the Hilbert modular group of its trace field and provide an interval map that is piecewise linear fractional, given in terms of group elements. Using natural extensions, we find an ergodic invariant measure for the interval map. We also study Diophantine properties of approximation in terms of the continued fractions and show that these continued fractions are appropriate to obtain transcendence results.
APPROXIMATION OF AN ALGEBRAIC NUMBER BY PRODUCTS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS AND UNITS
Authors: LEVESQUE CLAUDE , WALDSCHMIDT MICHEL 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe relate a previous result of ours on families of Diophantine equations having only trivial solutions with a result on the approximation of an algebraic number by products of rational numbers and units. We compare this approximation with a Liouville type estimate, and with an estimate arising from a lower bound for a linear combination of logarithms.
Consistency of symptom clusters among advanced cancer patients seen at an outpatient supportive care clinic in a tertiary cancer center
Authors: Yennurajalingam Sriram , Kwon Jung Hye , Urbauer Diana L. , Hui David , Reyes-Gibby Cielito C , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:Advanced cancer patients often develop severe physical and psychological symptom clusters (SCs), but limited data exist on their consistency or severity after an outpatient interdisciplinary team consultation led by palliative care specialists. The primary aim of the study was to determine the consistency and severity of SCs in advanced cancer patients in this setting.Method:A total of 1373 patients with advanced cancer who were referred to The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center's Outpatient Supportive Care Center between January 2003 and October 2008 with a complete Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS; 0–10 scale) occurred at initial and first follow-up visit were reviewed (median 14 days, range 1–4 weeks). We used a Wilcoxon signed-rank test to determine whether symptoms changed over time, and a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation to determine SCs at baseline and at first follow-up. The number of factors calculated was determined based upon the number of eigenvalues.Results:The patients' ratings of the following symptoms (mean, SD) at the initial and follow-up visits, respectively, were: fatigue 6.2 (2.3) and 5.7 (2.5, p < 0.0001), pain 5.4 (2.9) and 4.6 (3, p < 0.0001), nausea 2.2 (2.8) and 2.0 (2.6, p < 0.0001), depression 3.0 (2.9) and 2.5 (2.7, p < 0.0001), anxiety 3.4 (3.0) and 2.8 (2.8, p < 0.0001), drowsiness 4.8 (3.1) and 4.4 (3.1, p < 0.0001), dyspnea 3.0 (2.9) and 2.7 (2.8), p < 0.0001), loss of appetite 4.2 (2.7) and 3.9 (2.7, p < 0.0001), sleep disturbances 4.2 (2.6) and 3.8 (2.6, P < 0.0001), and well-being 4.3 (2.5) and 3.9 (2.3, p < 0.0001). Cluster composition differentiated into physical (fatigue, pain, nausea, drowsiness, dyspnea, and loss of appetite) and psychological (anxiety and depression) components at the initial visit, and these two SCs were consistent upon follow-up.Significance of results:We conclude that SCs remain constant between baseline and near-term follow-up but that the severity of those symptoms lessened during that interval. This knowledge may allow palliative care teams to provide more targeted and higher-quality care, but further studies are needed.
Depressed patients with incurable cancer: Which depressive symptoms do they experience?
Authors: Brenne Elisabeth , Loge Jon Håvard , Kaasa Stein , Heitzer Ellen , Knudsen Anne Kari , Wasteson Elisabet 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjective:Diagnosing depressive disorders in palliative care is challenging because of the overlap between some depressive symptoms and cancer-related symptoms, such as loss of appetite and fatigue. In order to improve future assessment of depression in palliative care, depressive symptoms experienced by patients receiving pharmacological treatment for depression were assessed and compared to the American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) criteria for major depressive disorder.Method:Thirty Norwegian (n = 20) and Austrian (n = 10) patients with advanced cancer were included. Semistructured interviews on symptom experiences were conducted and transcribed verbatim. By the phenomenographic method, patients' symptom experiences were extracted and sorted by headings, first individually and then across patients. The patients subsequently rated 24 symptoms numerically including the DSM-IV depression criteria.Results:Lowered mood and a diminished motivational drive were prominent and reflected the two main DSM-IV symptom criteria. A relentless focus on their actual situation, restlessness, disrupted sleep, feelings of worthlessness, feelings of guilt, and thoughts of death as a solution were variably experienced. Appetite and weight changes, fatigue and psychomotor retardation were indistinguishable from cancer symptoms. All these symptoms reflected DSM-IV symptom criteria. Some major symptoms occurred that are not present in the DSM-IV symptom criteria: despair, anxiety, and social withdrawal. The numerical ratings of symptoms were mainly in accordance with the findings from the qualitative analysis.Significance of results:Despair, anxiety, and social withdrawal are common symptoms in depressed patients with incurable cancer, and, therefore, hypothesized as candidate symptom criteria. Other symptom criteria might need adjustment for improvement of relevance in this group of patients.
Bacterial growth at −15 °C; molecular insights from the permafrost bacterium Planococcus halocryophilus Or1
Authors: Mykytczuk Nadia C S , Foote Simon J , Omelon Chris R , Southam Gordon , Greer Charles W , Whyte Lyle G 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Planococcus halocryophilus strain Or1, isolated from high Arctic permafrost, grows and divides at −15 °C, the lowest temperature demonstrated to date, and is metabolically active at −25 °C in frozen permafrost microcosms. To understand how P. halocryophilus Or1 remains active under the subzero and osmotically dynamic conditions that characterize its native permafrost habitat, we investigated the genome, cell physiology and transcriptomes of growth at −15 °C and 18% NaCl compared with optimal (25 °C) temperatures. Subzero growth coincides with unusual cell envelope features of encrustations surrounding cells, while the cytoplasmic membrane is significantly remodeled favouring a higher ratio of saturated to branched fatty acids. Analyses of the 3.4 Mbp genome revealed that a suite of cold and osmotic-specific adaptive mechanisms are present as well as an amino acid distribution favouring increased flexibility of proteins. Genomic redundancy within 17% of the genome could enable P. halocryophilus Or1 to exploit isozyme exchange to maintain growth under stress, including multiple copies of osmolyte uptake genes (Opu and Pro genes). Isozyme exchange was observed between the transcriptome data sets, with selective upregulation of multi-copy genes involved in cell division, fatty acid synthesis, solute binding, oxidative stress response and transcriptional regulation. The combination of protein flexibility, resource efficiency, genomic plasticity and synergistic adaptation likely compensate against osmotic and cold stresses. These results suggest that non-spore forming P. halocryophilus Or1 is specifically suited for active growth in its Arctic permafrost habitat (ambient temp. ∼−16 °C), indicating that such cryoenvironments harbor a more active microbial ecosystem than previously thought.
The CUL3–KLHL3 E3 ligase complex mutated in Gordon's hypertension syndrome interacts with and ubiquitylates WNK isoforms: disease-causing mutations in KLHL3 and WNK4 disrupt interaction
Authors: Ohta Akihito , Schumacher Frances-Rose , Mehellou Youcef , Johnson Clare , Knebel Axel , Macartney Thomas J. , Wood Nicola T. , Alessi Dario R. , Kurz Thimo 
Published: February 2013

The WNK (with no lysine kinase)–SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase)/OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1) signalling pathway plays an important role in controlling mammalian blood pressure by modulating the activity of ion co-transporters in the kidney. Recent studies have identified Gordon's hypertension syndrome patients with mutations in either CUL3 (Cullin-3) or the BTB protein KLHL3 (Kelch-like 3). CUL3 assembles with BTB proteins to form Cullin–RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. To explore how a CUL3–KLHL3 complex might operate, we immunoprecipitated KLHL3 and found that it associated strongly with WNK isoforms and CUL3, but not with other components of the pathway [SPAK/OSR1 or NCC (Na+/Cl− co-transporter)/NKCC1 (Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transporter 1)]. Strikingly, 13 out of the 15 dominant KLHL3 disease mutations analysed inhibited binding to WNK1 or CUL3. The recombinant wild-type CUL3–KLHL3 E3 ligase complex, but not a disease-causing CUL3–KLHL3[R528H] mutant complex, ubiquitylated WNK1 in vitro. Moreover, siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knockdown of CUL3 increased WNK1 protein levels and kinase activity in HeLa cells. We mapped the KLHL3 interaction site in WNK1 to a non-catalytic region (residues 479–667). Interestingly, the equivalent region in WNK4 encompasses residues that are mutated in Gordon's syndrome patients. Strikingly, we found that the Gordon's disease-causing WNK4[E562K] and WNK4[Q565E] mutations, as well as the equivalent mutation in the WNK1[479–667] fragment, abolished the ability to interact with KLHL3. These results suggest that the CUL3–KLHL3 E3 ligase complex regulates blood pressure via its ability to interact with and ubiquitylate WNK isoforms. The findings of the present study also emphasize that the missense mutations in WNK4 that cause Gordon's syndrome strongly inhibit interaction with KLHL3. This could elevate blood pressure by increasing the expression of WNK4 thereby stimulating inappropriate salt retention in the kidney by promoting activation of the NCC/NKCC2 ion co-transporters. The present study reveals how mutations that disrupt the ability of an E3 ligase to interact with and ubiquitylate a critical cellular substrate such as WNK isoforms can trigger a chronic disease such as hypertension.
The Co-operative Movement in Britain: From Crisis to “Renaissance,” 1950–2010
Authors: Wilson John , Webster Anthony , Vorberg-Rugh Rachael 
Published: February 2013

Between 1950 and 2010, the British co-operative movement faced a series of commercial, structural, and corporate governance crises. Having pioneered many of the features of modern large-scale retailing since its origins in the mid-nineteenth century, from the 1950s the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) and the retail cooperative societies it served experienced plummeting market share, continued internecine rivalries, and increasing marginalization. In the early twenty-first century, however, co-operatives improved their market share and experienced a “Renaissance” in commercial fortunes despite continued fierce competition in food retailing. As yet there has been little exploration of the nature of this turnaround and the ways in which the once-foundering co-operative business model was re-engineered.Drawing on new research into the CWS (renamed The Co-operative Group in 2001), this article provides a historical analysis of the movement’s decline and revival. As the article details, from the 1950s significant efforts were made to reform CWS and the movement as a whole. However, co-operatives were slow to adapt to the changing business environment, hampered by dysfunctional organizational dynamics that constrained structural change and limited efforts to compete with private retail multiples. Following an unsuccessful takeover bid for CWS in 1997, co-operative opinion coalesced around the need for change. In the final section, the authors analyze the factors underpinning the “Renaissance,” focusing on both organizational innovations and the reassertion of core values and principles on which co-operation had been built. This provides a fascinating illustration of how a business can respond effectively to internal and external challenges, yet retain its fundamental character.
Symptoms and common explanations
Authors: Lysaker Paul H. , Lysaker John T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThus far we have outlined the wide range of symptoms and deficits that characterize the spectrum of phenomena gathered under the title ‘schizophrenia’. We have also presented, in survey fashion, two central empirical explanations for the appearance of these phenomena. One regards schizophrenia as the result of abnormal biological forces derailing the lives of individuals. The other finds unjust social forces responsible for the unsettling of so many minds and lives. Schizophrenia thus presents itself to the general reader as a tidal wave propelled on the one hand by the likes of poverty, racism and childhood abuse, and on the other by disastrous declines in brain function. Or, as many have suggested, perhaps both fault lines interact (Carter and Flesher, 1995; Walker and Diforio, 1997).
Sense of self in schizophrenia
Authors: Lysaker Paul H. , Lysaker John T. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAt the end of Chapter 1, we suggested that even the most thorough third-person accounts fail to fully portray the phenomenon of schizophrenia. Not that objective symptoms, cortical dysfunction, neurocognitive compromise, or social injustice are of marginal interest for the study of schizophrenia. Rather, any explanation which ignores the first-person dimensions of the illness limits our understanding of it and, perhaps, our ability to treat it. While we will refine our conception of the first-person in Chapter 3, for now, the concept stands to remind us that human beings are creatures who experience events even as they strive to respond productively to those events. Our claim, then, is that alongside symptoms and their causes, one must track and engage sense of self among those with schizophrenia, for its fate is integral to the illness.