bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR6 Acts as a Central Regulator of Leaf Growth under Water-Limiting Conditions in Arabidopsis
Authors: Dubois Marieke , Skirycz Aleksandra , Claeys Hannes , Maleux Katrien , Dhondt Stijn , De Bodt Stefanie , Vanden Bossche Robin , De Milde Liesbeth , Yoshizumi Takeshi , Matsui Minami , Inzé Dirk 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Leaf growth is a complex developmental process that is continuously fine-tuned by the environment. Various abiotic stresses, including mild drought stress, have been shown to inhibit leaf growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identify the redundant Arabidopsis transcription factors ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR5 (ERF5) and ERF6 as master regulators that adapt leaf growth to environmental changes. ERF5 and ERF6 gene expression is induced very rapidly and specifically in actively growing leaves after sudden exposure to osmotic stress that mimics mild drought. Subsequently, enhanced ERF6 expression inhibits cell proliferation and leaf growth by a process involving gibberellin and DELLA signaling. Using an ERF6-inducible overexpression line, we demonstrate that the gibberellin-degrading enzyme GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE6 is transcriptionally induced by ERF6 and that, consequently, DELLA proteins are stabilized. As a result, ERF6 gain-of-function lines are dwarfed and hypersensitive to osmotic stress, while the growth of erf5erf6 loss-of-function mutants is less affected by stress. Besides its role in plant growth under stress, ERF6 also activates the expression of a plethora of osmotic stress-responsive genes, including the well-known stress tolerance genes STZ, MYB51, and WRKY33. Interestingly, activation of the stress tolerance genes by ERF6 occurs independently from the ERF6-mediated growth inhibition. Together, these data fit into a leaf growth regulatory model in which ERF5 and ERF6 form a missing link between the previously observed stress-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid accumulation and DELLA-mediated cell cycle exit and execute a dual role by regulating both stress tolerance and growth inhibition.
Analytical psychology and the ghost of Lamarck: did Jung believe in the inheritance of acquired characteristics?
Authors: Rensma Ritske 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWhether Jung was a Lamarckian or not has always been a hotly debated topic, both within the post‐Jungian community and amongst scholars with an interest in Jung in the wider academic community. Yet surprisingly few substantial pieces of work have been dedicated to it and, to my mind, no one has yet managed to do justice to all the subtleties involved. The scholars who have claimed that Jung is a Lamarckian have, for the most part, oversimplified the debate by failing to discuss the passages in which Jung appears to be defending himself against Lamarckism; the scholars who have defended Jung against Lamarckism, however, have as a rule not adequately dealt with the question of whether these passages actually get Jung off the hook. This paper will attempt to correct this imbalance by putting forward four key passages spanning Jung's career that all represent conclusive evidence that Jung was indeed a Lamarckian. After discussing these, it will then deal in detail with the passages in which Jung appears to be defending himself against Lamarckism, making the case that they do not represent a defence against Lamarckism at all and have therefore generally been misinterpreted by many scholars.
The contributions of value‐based decision‐making and attentional bias to alcohol‐seeking following devaluation
Authors: Rose Abigail K. , Brown Kyle , Field Matt , Hogarth Lee 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo investigate the mediating role of attentional bias for alcohol cues on alcohol‐seeking following devaluation of alcohol.DesignBetween subject.SettingEye‐tracking laboratory at the University of Liverpool.ParticipantsStudent social drinkers (n = 64).MeasurementsAn operant choice task in which participants chose between simultaneously presented alcohol and non‐alcohol drink rewards, while attentional bias for alcohol and non‐alcohol drink cues was inferred from eye movements. Participants then consumed 30 mL of an alcoholic beverage, which was either presented alone (no devaluation: n = 32) or had been adulterated to taste unpleasant (devaluation: n = 32). Choice and attentional bias for the alcohol and non‐alcohol drink pictures were then measured again.FindingsAlcohol devaluation reduced behavioural choice for alcohol (F = 32.64, P < 0.001) and attentional bias for the alcohol pictures indexed by dwell time (F = 22.68, P < 0.001), initial fixation (F = 7.08, P = 0.01) and final fixation (F = 22.44, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis revealed that attentional bias partially mediated the effect of devaluation on alcohol choice; however, the proportion of the variance accounted for by attentional bias is low to moderate (∼30%).ConclusionsAmong student social drinkers, attentional bias is only a partial mediator of alcohol choice following devaluation of alcohol. Value‐based decision‐making may be a more important determinant of drinking behaviour among student social drinkers than attentional bias.
Psychological predictors of male smokeless tobacco use initiation and cessation: a 16‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Holman Leela R. , Bricker Jonathan B. , Comstock Bryan A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsTo test whether psychological factors predict male smokeless tobacco (SLT) initiation and cessation longitudinally.DesignSixteen‐year longitudinal design with 95% retention at year 6 and 82% at year 16.SettingForty Washington State school districts.ParticipantsSLT use data were gathered on a cohort of adolescents (91% Caucasian). For SLT initiation, the sample size was 2468. For SLT cessation, sample sizes were 219 (age 20 outcome) and 192 (age 28 outcome).MeasurementsSelf‐reported psychological measures of parental disobedience (‘parent non‐compliance’), peer influence (‘friend compliance’), rebelliousness and thrill‐seeking were taken at ages 12 and 18. SLT use was measured at ages 12, 18, 20 and 28 years.FindingsFor SLT initiation, scoring highly on the following psychological factors at age 12 at least doubled the odds of daily SLT use at age 18 (P < 0.001): friend compliance [odds ratio (OR): 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78–3.68), rebelliousness (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.46–3.19) and thrill‐seeking (OR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.45–3.75). For SLT cessation, none of the psychological factors at age 18 predicted SLT cessation at age 20 or 28 (P value range: 0.06–0.84).ConclusionPeer influence, rebelliousness, and thrill‐seeking appear to predict smokeless tobacco initiation strongly among male youth in the United States.
The Effect of Genetic Admixture in an Association Study: Genetic Polymorphisms and Chromosome Aberrations in a Colombian Population Exposed to Organic Solvents
Authors: Hoyos‐Giraldo Luz Stella , Escobar‐Hoyos Luisa F. , Reyes‐Carvajal Ingrid , García Jharley J. , Córdoba Liliana , Gómez Adalberto Sánchez , García‐Vallejo Felipe , Cajas‐Salazar Nohelia , Carvajal Silvio , Bedoya Gabriel 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe human population is heterogeneous in genetic susceptibility, chromosomal instability and disease risk; all factors which depend on inherited genetic constitution and acquired nongenetic environmental and occupational factors. Recently, special attention has been directed to the identification of sources of potential bias in population studies of gene–environment interactions including genetic admixture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic admixture in the association of genetic polymorphisms and chromosome aberrations (CA) in a population exposed to organic solvents. We assessed genetic admixture via 34 genetic ancestry informative markers (AIMs) in 398 Colombian individuals. We report a statistically significant difference of higher CA frequency in individuals’ below‐average European component, and in individuals’ above‐average Native American component after adjusting for covariates. In addition, the confounding risk ratio values are ≥10% than the adjusted risk ratio, suggesting that population stratification is a confounding factor in this gene–environment association study. Furthermore, after adjusting for individual admixture proportions and covariates, the results demonstrate that glutathione‐S‐transferase M1 (GSTM1)‐null is associated with CA frequency increase. These results suggest that gene–environment association studies that involve recently admixed populations should take into consideration population stratification as a confounding factor and suggest GSTM1‐null as a genetic marker associated with CA frequency increase.
Development on the periphery: A case study of the sub‐national island jurisdiction of Pitcairn Island
Authors: Amoamo Maria 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis research reports on empirical findings of remote Pitcairn Island, the last remaining British Overseas Territory in the Pacific. It uses a qualitative methodology to discuss the island's potential for tourism development while recognising the issues and challenges faced by many small island developing states. However, as a sub‐national island jurisdiction Pitcairn presents a number of issues unique to its temporal socio‐political development and its centre periphery relationship with the metropole. The concept ‘decolonising without disengaging’ is posited to argue sub‐national island jurisdictions are places/spaces of innovative, creative and differentiated development processes that offer interesting departures from the conventional realms of sustainable discourse and island development. This concept is posited as a strategy of empowerment whereby autonomy without sovereignty does not necessarily hinder the development of tourism industries.
NIMBY or NIABY? Who defines a policy problem and why: Analysis of framing in radioactive waste disposal facility placement in South Korea
Authors: Kang Minah , Jang Jiho 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This paper applies discourse analysis to policies surrounding the siting of radioactive waste disposal facilities in South Korea. We question the premises of previous studies that define the radioactive waste disposal facilities decision outcomes in Korea as ‘repeated failures’. Instead, we suggest that underlying ideas and value systems surrounding the policy problem differ between supporting and opposing parties. In particular, our focus is on the ‘framing’ strategies manifest in policy discourse. Our analysis of newspaper articles shows that participants define and frame the policy issue in distinctive ways. Framing strategies include selective attention to, and naming of, the policy issues in the processes of frame articulation, amplification, extension and transformation. Overall, our analysis shows that framing analysis is a useful tool for understanding the policy decision‐making process from a different perspective than traditional policy analysis.
Predictors of large and small for gestational age birthweight in offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Barnes R. A. , Edghill N. , Mackenzie J. , Holters G. , Ross G. P. , Jalaludin B. B. , Flack J. R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo identify predictors of large and small for gestational age in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsA retrospective audit of clinical data analysed for singleton births in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes by Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society guidelines from 1994 to 2009. Exclusions were: incomplete data, delivered at < 36 weeks gestation and/or last recorded weight > 4 weeks pre‐delivery. We assessed: pre‐pregnancy BMI, ethnicity, total maternal weight gain, weight gain before and after treatment initiation for gestational diabetes, HbA1c at gestational diabetes presentation and treatment modality (diet or insulin) and smoking. Birthweight was assessed using customized percentile charts (large for gestational age > 90th; small for gestational age < 10th percentile). Multiple regression analyses were undertaken; statistical significance was p < 0.05.ResultsThere were 1695 women first seen at (mean ± sd) 28.1 ± 5.3 weeks gestation (range 6–39). Ethnic mix was South‐East Asian 36.7%, Middle Eastern 27.6%, European 22.4%, Indian/Pakistani 8.6%, Samoan 1.9%, African 1.5% and Maori 1.1%. Therapy was diet 69.1% and insulin 30.9%. Mean total weight gain was 12.3 ± 6.1 kg, the majority (10.6 ± 6.0 kg), gained before dietary intervention. There were 7.9% small for gestational age and 15.2% large for gestational age births. Significant independent large for gestational age predictors were: weight gain before intervention, pre‐pregnancy BMI, weight gain after intervention and treatment type, but not HbA1c or smoking. Significant small for gestational age predictors were: weight gain before intervention, weight gain after intervention, but not pre‐pregnancy BMI, HbA1c or smoking.ConclusionConventional treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus concentrates on management of blood glucose levels. The trends identified here emphasize the need to also address pregnancy weight gain stratified by pre‐pregnancy BMI.
A proposal for a problem‐oriented pharmacobiochemistry course in dental education
Authors: Guven Y. , Bal F. , Issever H. , Can Trosala S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractProblem‐oriented learning is an effective method of learning that increases students' learning motivation, improves the relationship amongst students and results in open‐minded discussions. In this study, a new problem‐oriented pharmacobiochemistry course related to ‘oxidative metabolism of drugs by cytochrome P450 (CYP450) systems’ was designed. Students were divided into seven groups. Three keywords related to drug interaction through CYP450 were provided to each group in order for them to conduct research on the information given. After 1 month, the groups attended a session under the supervision of a tutor to solve a simulated problem case that was designed using the keywords. At the end of the integrated course, a multiple‐choice examination was given. The success rate of 76 students who attended the course was found to be significantly higher than the success rate of the students who received the lecture‐based course only (P < 0.0001). A questionnaire containing 20 items (Cronbach's alpha: 0.92) was administered to the students to learn about their perception regarding this educational model. The questionnaire was evaluated using the Likert scale. Student feedback was very positive, with fourteen answers rated as ‘agree’ and the remaining six rated as ‘strongly agree’. Students thought that the problem‐oriented model was very enjoyable and useful in regard to dental education. Based on these results, we conclude that this course model may help achieve an integrated curriculum for dental school programmes.
Preparation of Ag‐AZO Nanocomposite Powder Compact for RF Magnetron Sputtering Target Application
Authors: Chau Joseph Lik Hang , Chou Yu‐Hsien , Wang, Shun‐Huei , Yang Chih‐Chao 
Published: April 2013

Octylamine‐coated silver nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm were synthesized and added to the AZO powder as fillers to increase the density of the sintered target. The resulting Ag–AZO nanocomposite powder was formed into compacts by a uniaxial pressing process. It was found that the addition of octylamine‐ coated silver nanoparticles can increase the density of AZO powder compacts by ~ 4% after sintering. The optimum content of silver addition is about 0.13 wt%. It is suggested that the melted silver fills the void space between agglomerate pores and enhances the interconnection between nanocrystalline AZO powders. The films deposited using the here‐synthesized Ag–AZO target showed lower resistivity and high carrier concentration compared with the one using AZO target.
Effects of Intensive Antihypertensive Treatment on Chinese Hypertensive Patients Older Than 70 Years
Authors: Wei Yong , Jin Zhimin , Shen Guoying , Zhao Xiaowei , Yang Wanhua , Zhong Ye , Wang Jiguang 
Published: April 2013

This study was performed to investigate whether intensive antihypertensive treatment with achieved blood pressure (BP) ≤140/90 mm Hg, as compared with standard treatment with achieved BP ≤150/90 mm Hg, could further improve cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese hypertensive patients older than 70 years. A total of 724 participants were randomly assigned to intensive or standard antihypertensive treatment. After a mean follow‐up of 4 years, the mean achieved BP was 135.7/76.2 mm Hg in the intensive treatment group and 149.7/82.1 mm Hg in the standard treatment group. The visit‐to‐visit variability in systolic BP and diastolic BP was lower in the intensive group than that in the standard group. Intensive antihypertensive treatment, compared with the standard treatment, decreased total and cardiovascular mortality by 41.7% and 50.3%, respectively, and reduced fatal/nonfatal stroke by 42.0% and heart failure death by 62.7%. Cox regression analysis indicated that the mean systolic BP (P=.020; 95% confidence interval, 1.006–1.069) and the standard deviation of systolic BP (P=.033; 95% confidence interval, 1.006–1.151) were risk factors for cardiovascular endpoint events. Intensive antihypertensive treatment with achieved 136/76 mm Hg was beneficial for Chinese hypertensive patients older than 70 years. Long‐term visit‐to‐visit variability in systolic BP was positively associated with the incidence of cardiovascular events.
Development of CD8+ T cells expressing two distinct receptors specific for MTB and HIV‐1 peptides
Authors: Hao Pei‐Pei , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Luo Wei , Zhou Chao‐Ying , Wen Qian , Yang Zhi , Liu Su‐Dong , Jiang Zhen‐Min , Zhou Ming‐Qian , Jin Qi , Ma Li 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe immune response in individuals co‐infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (MTB/HIV) gradually deteriorates, particularly in the cellular compartment. Adoptive transfer of functional effector T cells can confer protective immunity to immunodeficient MTB/HIV co‐infected recipients. However, few such effector T cells exist in vivo, and their isolation and amplification to sufficient numbers is difficult. Therefore, enhancing immune responses against both pathogens is critical for treating MTB/HIV co‐infected patients. One approach is adoptive transfer of T cell receptor (TCR) gene‐modified T cells for the treatment of MTB/HIV co‐infections because lymphocyte numbers and their functional avidity is significantly increased by TCR gene transfer. To generate bispecific CD8+ T cells, MTB Ag85B199–207 peptide‐specific TCRs (MTB/TCR) and HIV‐1 Env120–128 peptide‐specific TCRs (HIV/TCR) were isolated and introduced into CD8+ T cells simultaneously using a retroviral vector. To avoid mispairing among exogenous and endogenous TCRs, and to improve the function and stability of the introduced TCRs, several strategies were employed, including introducing mutations in the MTB/TCR constant (C) regions, substituting part of the HIV/TCR C regions with CD3ζ, and linking gene segments with three different 2A peptides. Results presented in this report suggest that the engineered T cells possessed peptide‐specific specificity resulting in cytokine production and cytotoxic activity. This is the first report describing the generation of engineered T cells specific for two different pathogens and provides new insights into TCR gene therapy for the treatment of immunocompromised MTB/HIV co‐infected patients.
Resource Use and Waste Generation by the Tourism Industry on the Big Island of Hawaii
Authors: Saito Osamu 
Published: April 2013

SummaryA survey of the tourism industry on the island of Hawaii (the Big Island) in the state of Hawaii in the United States was conducted to collect baseline information on major resources (energy, food, and water consumption) and waste generation from five tourism sectors: accommodations, food and beverages (restaurants), golf courses, tourism services (tours), and rental cars. The questionnaire was developed and 50 establishments from the target sectors participated in this survey. Resource consumption and waste generation were calculated by the number of establishments, employees, and visitors. Using these factors and island‐wide statistics (the number of establishments, job counts, and visitors), this study estimated the current status of island‐wide water, food, and energy consumption and waste generation by these five sectors of the tourism industry. The estimate shows that the tourism sectors surveyed for this study account for 21.7% of the island's total energy consumption, 44.7% of the island‐wide water consumption, and 10.7% of the island‐wide waste generation. Using a per guest emission factor (such as per employee, guest room, and seat) provided in this study, the owners and managers of tourism establishments can calculate a baseline for each resource input and output. This is essential information to improve the industry's efficiency and result in economic savings.
Pleasure and Pain: The Effect of (Almost) Having an Orgasm on Genital and Nongenital Sensitivity
Authors: Paterson Laurel Q.P. , Amsel Rhonda , Binik Yitzchak M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effect of sexual arousal and orgasm on genital sensitivity has received little research attention, and no study has assessed sensation pleasurableness as well as painfulness.

Aim
To clarify the relationship between sexual arousal, orgasm, and sensitivity in a healthy female sample.

Methods
Twenty-six women privately masturbated to orgasm and almost to orgasm at two separate sessions, during which standardized pressure stimulation was applied to the glans clitoris, vulvar vestibule, and volar forearm at three testing times: (i) baseline; (ii) immediately following masturbation; and (iii) following a subsequent 15-minute rest period.

Main Outcome Measures
Touch thresholds (tactile detection sensitivity), sensation pleasurableness ratings (pleasurable sensitivity), and pain thresholds (pain sensitivity).

Results
Pleasurableness ratings were higher on the glans clitoris than the vulvar vestibule, and at most testing times on the vulvar vestibule than the volar forearm; and at baseline and immediately after masturbation than 15 minutes later, mainly on the genital locations only. Pain thresholds were lower on the genital locations than the volar forearm, and immediately and 15 minutes after masturbation than at baseline. After orgasm, genital pleasurableness ratings and vulvar vestibular pain thresholds were lower than after masturbation almost to orgasm. Post-masturbation pleasurableness ratings were positively correlated with pain thresholds but only on the glans clitoris. Hormonal contraception users had lower pleasurableness ratings and pain thresholds on all locations than nonusers. There were no significant effects for touch thresholds.

Conclusions
Masturbation appears to maintain pleasurable genital sensitivity but increase pain sensitivity, with lower genital pleasurable sensitivity and higher vulvar vestibular pain sensitivity when orgasm occurs. Findings suggest that enhancing stimulation pleasurableness, psychological sexual arousal and lubrication mitigate normative increases in pain sensitivity during sexual activity, and underscore the importance of measuring both pleasure and pain in sensation research.