bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Coronary Microvascular Function on Long-term Cardiac Mortality in Patients With Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: van de Hoef Tim P. , Bax Matthijs , Meuwissen Martijn , Damman Peter , Delewi Ronak , de Winter Robbert J. , Koch Karel T. , Schotborgh Carl , Henriques José P.S. , Tijssen Jan G.P. , Piek Jan J. 
Published: June 2013

Background—
Microvascular function is increasingly being recognized as an important marker of risk in coronary artery disease, and may be accurately assessed by intracoronary Doppler flow velocity measurements. In the setting of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction there are limited data regarding the prognostic value of microvascular function in both infarct-related and reference coronary arteries for long-term clinical outcome. We sought to determine the prognostic value of microvascular function, as assessed by Doppler flow velocity measurements, for cardiac mortality after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

Between April 1997 and August 2000, we included 100 consecutive patients with a first anterior wall ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. Immediately after primary percutaneous coronary intervention, intracoronary Doppler flow velocity was measured in the infarct-related artery, to determine coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), diastolic deceleration time, and the presence of systolic retrograde flow, as well as in a reference vessel to determine reference vessel CFVR. The primary end point was cardiac mortality at 10-year follow-up. Complete follow-up was obtained in 94 patients (94%). At 10-year follow-up, cardiac mortality amounted to 14%. Cardiac mortality amounted to 5% when reference vessel CFVR was normal (≥2.1), in contrast to 31% when abnormal (<2.1;
P
=0.001). Reference vessel CFVR <2.1 was associated with a 4.09 increase in long-term cardiac mortality hazard after multivariate adjustment for identified predictors for cardiac mortality (hazard ratio, 4.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–14.17;
P
=0.03)

Conclusions—
Microvascular dysfunction, measured by reference vessel CFVR determined after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute anterior wall ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction is associated with a significantly increased long-term cardiac mortality.
High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Compared With Standard Troponin T Testing on Emergency Department Admission: How Much Does It Add in Everyday Clinical Practice?
Authors: Hammerer‐Lercher Angelika , Ploner Thomas , Neururer Sabrina , Schratzberger Peter , Griesmacher Andrea , Pachinger Otmar , Mair Johannes 
Published: June 2013

Background

We compared high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin
T
(hs‐cTnT) and standard cTnT for acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) diagnosis in everyday clinical practice of an emergency department (
ED
).

Methods and Results

cTnT was measured in 2384 consecutive patients (60±21 years, 52% female) on
ED
admission. Readmissions to the
ED
(n=720) and mortality (n=101) were followed for an average period of 239±49 days. There were 53
AMI
s (delay, 1 to 96 hours; median, 3 hours), 440 chest pain patients, 286 dyspnea patients, 785 acute or chronic cardiac diseases, and 540 neurological diseases, with the remaining having various internal diseases. The diagnostic performances of hs‐ and standard cTnT were comparable for AMI diagnosis (area under receiver operating characteristics curves [
ROC AUC
], 0.91±0.02 versus 0.90±0.03;
P
=0.31). Using the 99th‐percentile cutoff, the sensitivities and specificities for AMI in the whole population were 91% and 74% for hs‐cTnT and 89% and 80% for standard cTnT. hs‐cTnT detected significantly more patients with cardiac diseases (
ROC AUC
, 0.77±0.01 versus 0.67±0.01;
P
<0.001). hs‐cTnT and standard cTnT were significant predictors of
ED
readmissions but not of mortality, but both were not independent predictors of
ED
readmissions or the combined end point of readmission or mortality in binary logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

In unselected
ED
patients the diagnostic performances of hs‐cTnT and standard cTnT for
AMI
diagnosis did not differ significantly. hs‐cTnT detected significantly more cardiac diseases. hs‐cTnT and standard cTnT were not independent predictors of
ED
readmissions and mortality from all causes.
Circular Justification and Explanation in Aristotle
Authors: Goldin Owen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Aristotle’s account of epistēmē is foundationalist. In contrast, the web of dialectical argumentation that constitutes justification for scientific principles is coherentist. Aristotle’s account of explanation is structurally parallel to the argument for a foundationalist account of justification. He accepts the first argument but his coherentist accounts of justification indicate that he would not accept the second. Where is the disanalogy? For Aristotle, the intelligibility of a demonstrative premise is the cause of the intelligibility of a demonstrated conclusion and causation is asymmetric. Within the Posterior Analytics itself, Aristotle does not account for this, but elsewhere he develops the resources for doing so: the cause is what acts on a substrate to actualize a potential in that substrate, resulting in the effect. On the other hand, it may well happen that two propositions entail each other, in which case one may as well justify the one on the basis of the other as vice versa.
Aristotle on Circular Proof
Authors: Malink Marko 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In Posterior Analytics 1.3, Aristotle advances three arguments against circular proof. The third argument relies on his discussion of circular proof in Prior Analytics 2.5. This is problematic because the two chapters seem to deal with two rather disparate conceptions of circular proof. In Posterior Analytics 1.3, Aristotle gives a purely propositional account of circular proof, whereas in Prior Analytics 2.5 he gives a more complex, syllogistic account. My aim is to show that these problems can be solved, and that Aristotle’s third argument in 1.3 is successful. I argue that both chapters are concerned with the same conception of circular proof, namely the propositional one. Contrary to what is often thought, the syllogistic conception provides an adequate analysis of the internal deductive structure of the propositional one. Aristotle achieves this by employing a kind of multiple-conclusion logic.
There is No Searching for the Self: Self-Knowledge in Book Ten of Augustine’s De Trinitate
Authors: Stróżyński Mateusz 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This article explores the conception of self-knowledge in book 10 of Augustine’s De Trinitate. Augustine starts from the worry in Plato’s Meno that one cannot search for something entirely unknown and engages with Plotinus, Ennead 5.3 in developing his own understanding of the mind’s self-knowledge. He concludes that this knowledge is paradoxical in nature: it is necessary and, at the same time, futile; and it is separated from the knowledge of God. Augustine reaches this point by rejecting the Aristotelian identity of the knower with the known, as well as by grounding self-knowledge in the fact of the mind’s intimate presence to itself. Ultimately, self-knowledge appears to be an ‘objectless’ knowledge, a knowledge that the mind exists rather than knowledge of what the mind is.
Is the Right of the Child to Liberty Safeguarded in the Common European Asylum System?
Authors: Smyth Ciara 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
It is well-known and the subject of much criticism that children seeking asylum in many EU Member States are detained, a situation that is facilitated by the detention provisions of key instruments of the Common European Asylum System. Sometimes the detention is said to be justified on the grounds that it is protective detention. But generally, detention of children is regarded as being inimical to the protection and care of children. For this reason, the Convention on the Rights of the Child has developed stringent standards for the detention of minors to ensure that they are protected from detention and, if detained, that they are protected in detention. As negotiations close on the instruments that will make up Phase Two of the Common European Asylum System, this article explores whether the existing and future instruments safeguard the right of the child to liberty.
Clinical correlates of nucleus accumbens volume in drug-naïve, adult patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Narayanaswamy Janardhanan C , Jose Dania , Kalmady Sunil , Venkatasubramanian Ganesan , Reddy YC Janardhan 
Published: June 2013

Background: Reward-processing deficits have been demonstrated in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and this has been linked to ventral striatal abnormalities. However, volumetric abnormalities of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a key structure in the reward pathway, have not been examined in OCD. We report on the volumetric abnormalities of NAcc and its correlation with illness severity in drug-naïve, adult patients with OCD. Method: In this cross-sectional study of case–control design, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1.5-T (1-mm) volume of NAcc was measured using 3D Slicer software in drug-naïve OCD patients ( n = 44) and age, sex and handedness-matched healthy controls (HCs) ( n = 36) using a valid and reliable method. OCD symptoms were assessed using the Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Symptom checklist and severity and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale. Results: There was no significant difference in NAcc volumes on either side between OCD patients and HCs ( F = 3.45, p = 0.07). However, there was significant negative correlation between the right NAcc volume and Y-BOCS compulsion score ( r = −0.48, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Study observations suggest involvement of the NAcc in the pathogenesis of OCD, indicating potential reward-processing deficits. Correlation between the right NAcc volume deficit and severity of compulsions offers further support for this region as a candidate for deep brain stimulation treatment in OCD.
A review of social inclusion measures
Authors: Coombs Tim , Nicholas Angela , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2013

Background: Social inclusion is crucial to mental health and well-being and is emphasised in Australia’s Fourth National Mental Health Plan. There is a recognition that a measure of social inclusion would complement the suite of outcome measures that is currently used in public sector mental health services. This paper is an initial scope of candidate measures of social inclusion and considers their suitability for this purpose. Methods: We identified potential measures through searches of PsycINFO and Medline and a more general Internet search. We extracted descriptive and evaluative information on each measure identified and compared this information with a set of eight criteria. The criteria related to the measure’s inclusion of four domains of social inclusion outlined in Australia’s Fourth National Mental Health Plan, its usability within the public mental health sector and its psychometric properties. Results: We identified 10 candidate measures of social inclusion: the Activity and Participation Questionnaire (APQ-6); the Australian Community Participation Questionnaire (ACPQ); the Composite Measure of Social Inclusion (CMSI); the EMILIA Project Questionnaire (EPQ); the Evaluating Social Inclusion Questionnaire (ESIQ); the Inclusion Web (IW); the Social and Community Opportunities Profile (SCOPE); the Social Inclusion Measure (SIM); the Social Inclusion Questionnaire (SIQ); and the Staff Survey of Social Inclusion (SSSI). After comparison with the eight review criteria, we determined that the APQ-6 and the SCOPE–short form show the most potential for further testing. Conclusions: Social inclusion is too important not to measure. This discussion of individual-level measures of social inclusion provides a springboard for selecting an appropriate measure for use in public sector mental health services. It suggests that there are two primary candidates, but neither of these is quite fit-for-purpose in their current form. Further exploration will reveal whether one of these is suitable, whether another measure might be adapted for the current purpose or whether a new, specifically designed measure needs to be developed.
Do Specialty Courts Achieve Better Outcomes for Children in Foster Care Than General Courts?
Authors: Sloan Frank A. , Gifford Elizabeth J. , Eldred Lindsey M. , Acquah Kofi F. , Blevins Claire E. 
Published: June 2013

Objective: This study assessed the effects of unified family and drug treatment courts (DTCs) on the resolution of cases involving foster care children and the resulting effects on school performance. Method: The first analytic step was to assess the impacts of presence of unified and DTCs in North Carolina counties on time children spent in foster care and the type of placement at exit from foster care. In the second step, the same data on foster care placements were merged with school records for youth in Grades 3–8 in public schools. The effect of children’s time in foster care and placement outcomes on school performance as measured by math and reading tests, grade retention, and attendance was assessed using child fixed-effects regression. Results: Children in counties with unified family courts experienced shorter foster care spells and higher rates of reunification with parents or primary caregivers. Shorter foster care spells translated into improved school performance measured by end-of-grade reading and math test scores. Adult DTCs were associated with lower probability of reunification with parents/primary caregivers. Conclusion: The shortened time in foster care implies an efficiency gain attributable to unified family courts, which translate into savings for the court system through the use of fewer resources. Children also benefit through shortened stays in temporary placements, which are related to some improved educational outcomes.
Incidence and distribution of extravascular compression of extracranial venous pathway in patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Djordje Radak , Nenad Ilijevski , Jovo Kolar , Dragan Sagić , Želimir Antonić , Slobodan Tanasković , Nikola Aleksić , Srdjan Babić , Petar Otašević 
Published: June 2013

Objective To examine the incidence and distribution of extravascular compression of the extracranial venous pathway (the jugular and/or azygous veins) in multiple sclerosis patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency evaluated by mulitislice computer tomographic angiography. Methods and results Study group consisted of 51 consecutive patients with multiple sclerosis in whom chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency was diagnosed by color Doppler sonography (CDS). Mulitislice computer tomographic angiography was performed in all patients, and it revealed significant extravascular compression (>70%) of extracranial venous pathway in 26 patients (51%), while in 25 patients (49%) no significant extravascular compression was seen. Extracranial compression due to transverse processus of cervical vertebrae was seen in 23 patients, carotid bulb compression was seen in two patients, and in one case, compression presented as a thoracic outlet syndrome. Conclusion Our data indicate that extravascular compression of the extracranial venous pathway is frequent in multiple sclerosis patients with chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, and that it is mainly due to compression caused by transverse processus of cervical vertebrae. Further studies are needed to evaluate potential clinical implications of this phenomenon.
CRYAB modulates the activation of CD4+ T cells from relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Quach Que Lan , Metz Luanne M , Thomas Jenna C , Rothbard Jonathan B , Steinman Lawrence , Ousman Shalina S 
Published: June 2013

Background: Suppression of activation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells is a potential therapeutic intervention in multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously showed that a small heat shock protein, CRYAB, reduced T cell proliferation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, a model of MS. Objective: We assessed whether the ability of CRYAB to reduce the activation of T cells translated to the human disease. Methods: CD4+ T cells from healthy controls and volunteers with MS were activated in vitro in the presence or absence of a CRYAB peptide (residues 73–92). Parameters of activation (proliferation rate, cytokine secretion) and tolerance (anergy, activation-induced cell death, microRNAs) were evaluated. Results: The secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4+ T cells was decreased in the presence of CRYAB in a subset of relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) participants with mild disease severity while no changes were observed in healthy controls. Further, there was a correlation for higher levels of miR181a microRNA, a marker upregulated in tolerant CD8+ T cells, in CD4+ T cells of MS patients that displayed suppressed cytokine production (responders). Conclusion: CRYAB may be capable of suppressing the activation of CD4+ T cells from a subset of RRMS patients who appear to have less disability but similar age and disease duration.
Measuring mental health in Indigenous young people: A review of the literature from 1998–2008
Authors: Williamson Anna , Andersen Melanie , Redman Sally , Dadds Mark , D’Este Catherine , Daniels John , Eades Sandra , Raphael Beverley 
Published: June 2013

Background: Indigenous young people are disproportionately exposed to risk factors for poor mental health. Methodologically rigorous research will be critical in the development and evaluation of prevention and treatment programs. Research examining the mental health of Indigenous young people may have been undermined by poor measurement. The extent to which research has used measures with adequate psychometrics is unknown. Methods: MEDLINE, PsychINFO and PUBMED databases, were systematically searched to identify papers published between 1998–2008 measuring the mental health of Indigenous young people from Australia, Canada, New Zealand or the US. Data extracted included type of mental health instrument, psychometric analyses reported and results. Results: Fifty-four relevant studies were identified. Seventy-nine mental health instruments were used, and 18% were bespoke. Only 14% of instruments had been validated for the relevant Indigenous population. Few studies reported assessment of the reliability or validity of instruments. Data about both the reliability and validity of 10 measures were reported. None of the measures met the standards set by the review. Evidence of at least one type of reliability and validity was demonstrated for six measures. Conclusions: From 1998–2008 few studies of mental health in Indigenous young people used measurement instruments with previously determined reliability and validity.
Disconnectedness of the subgraph "Equation missing" for the group "Equation missing"
Authors: Akbaş Mehmet , Kör Tuncay , Kesicioğlu Yavuz 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper we show that the subgraph

F
3

is disconnected and that for all integers m, we find all integers a and b such that

(
9

m
2

−
4
)

a
2

+
4

and

5

b
2

±
4

are square. It turns out that the set of numbers b comprises the Fibonacci numbers.
Predictors of consistent condom use based on the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skill (IMB) model among senior high school students in three coastal cities in China
Authors: Cai Yong , Ye Xiuxia , Shi Rong , Xu Gang , Shen Lixiao , Ren Jia , Huang Hong 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
High prevalence of risky sexual behaviors and lack of information, skills and preventive support mean that, adolescents face high risks of HIV/AIDS. This study applied the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model to examine the predictors of consistent condom use among senior high school students from three coastal cities in China and clarify the relationships between the model constructs.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess HIV/AIDS related information, motivation, behavioral skills and preventive behaviors among senior high school students in three coastal cities in China. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess the IMB model.

Results
Of the 12313 participants, 4.5% (95% CI: 4.2–5.0) reported having had premarital sex and among them 25.0% (95% CI: 21.2–29.1) reported having used a condom in their sexual debut. Only about one–ninth of participants reported consistent condom use. The final IMB model provided acceptable fit to the data (CFI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.014). Consistent condom use was significantly predicted by motivation (β = 0.175, P < 0.01) and behavioral skills (β = 0.778, P < 0.01). Information indirectly predicted consistent condom use, and was mediated by behavioral skills (β = 0.269, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results highlight the importance of conducting HIV/AIDS preventive health promotion among senior high school students in China. The IMB model could predict consistent condom use and suggests that future interventions should focus on improving motivation and behavioral skills.
Traffic medicine–related research: a scientometric analysis
Authors: Groneberg-Kloft Beatrix , Klingelhoefer Doris , Zitnik Simona E , Scutaru Cristian 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Objective
Traffic crashes and related injuries are important causes of morbidity and mortality and impose insofar an important burden on public health. However, research in this area is often under-funded. The aim of this study was to analyse quantity, evolution and geographic distribution of traffic medicine-related research. This multi-sectorial field covers both transport and health care sectors.

Design
A scientometric approach in combination with visualizing density equalizing mapping was used to analyse published data related to the field of traffic medicine between 1900 and 2008 within the “Web of Science” (WoS) database.

Results
In total, 5,193 traffic medicine-associated items were produced between 1900 and 2008. The United States was found to have the highest research activity with a production of n = 2,330 published items, followed by Germany (n = 298) and Canada (n = 219). Cooperation analyses resulted in a peak of published multilateral cooperations in the year of 2003. The country with the highest multilateral activity was the USA. The average number of cited references per publication varied heavily over the last 20 years with a maximum of 27.67 in 1995 and a minimum of 15.08 in 1998. Also, a further in-depth analysis was performed with a focus solely on public health aspects which revealed similar trends.

Conclusions
Summarizing the present data it can be stated traffic medicine-related research productivity grows annually. Also, an active networking between countries is present. The data of the present study may be used by scientific organisations in order to gain detailed information about research activities in this field which is extremely important for public health.