bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Isosmolar Contrast Media on the Renal Cortical Blood Flow in Mice
Authors: Högström B. , Hietala S.-O. , Rooth P. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: In vivo fluorescence microscopy was used in experimental studies of renal cortical microcirculation in mice. The effects of i.v. infusion of a nonionic monomeric contrast medium (iohexol), a nonionic dimeric contrast medium (iodixanol), and mannitol of corresponding osmolalities were studied. Results: All infusions produced marked effects on the distribution and velocity of renal cortical blood flow. Renal cortical blood flow was inhomogeneous as regards the different capillaries. There was an initial rapid rise in the blood flow in some capillaries after all infusions, while decreased flow was seen in other capillaries. The initial increase in renal cortical blood flow (RCBF) was significantly (p<0.05) more pronounced after infusion of iohexol than after infusion of mannitol 0.69 mol/l. In all other respects, the effects of contrast media on RCBF were the same as the effects of mannitol solutions with a corresponding osmolality. The effects of each contrast medium were the same as those of mannitol of corresponding osmolality. In the capillaries showing increased blood flow, the peak value was encountered slightly later after the infusion of iodixanol than after the infusion of iohexol. This was considered to be related to differences in viscosity rather than osmolality. Conclusion: The difference in osmolality between iodixanol and iohexol is of no significance with regard to their effects on RCBF.
Rathke's Cleft Cyst
Authors: Skjødt K. , Edal A. Loft , Nepper-Rasmussen H. J. 
Published: June 2015

Two patients with Rathke's cleft cyst with uncommon MR signals, hyperintensity on T1-weighted, and hypointensity on T2-weighted 3-D fast field echo (FFE) imaging are reported. We suggest that this is due to high content of cholesterol or mucopolysaccharide, possibly combined with cell debris from the cyst wall.
Mr Imaging before Arthroscopy in Knee Joint Disorders?
Authors: Rappeport E. D. , Mehta S. , Wieslander S. B. , Lausten G. Schwarz , Thomsen H. S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To review the current literature examining the relative merits of arthroscopy and MR imaging of the knee. Material and Methods: All papers comparing MR imaging with arthroscopy published within the last 10 years according to Medline were collected and read. Results: Technology has improved considerably during recent years allowing detailed non-invasive visualization of the knee. In particular, the development of cheaper whole-body and dedicated low-field MR units has opened up for non-invasive inspection of the knee at reasonable cost. Meniscal tears can be detected with accuracy rates of around 90% and rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament with accuracy rates of around 93% compared to arthroscopy. However, arthroscopy is not the ideal gold standard, since it has weak points, e.g. peripheral meniscal tears or osteochondritis without apparent damage to the cartilage. Conclusion: Based on the overwhelming literature it seems safe to conclude that MR examinations of the knee should be performed before arthroscopy is undertaken.
Elimination of Ioversol by Hemodialysis
Authors: Ueda J. , Furukawa T. , Takahashi S. , Sakaguchi K. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The dialysability of ioversol was investigated in 12 patients with chronic renal failure, on 4-h hemodialysis. Material and Methods: One hundred ml of ioversol (320 mg I/ml) was injected in less than 10 min during CT. Hemodialysis was commenced within 30 min of starting the contrast medium injection and was continued for 4 h. Blood was sampled before and at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h after the start of hemodialysis. Mean dialysance of ioversol was 114 to 129 ml/min and the elimination rate was 82.5±5.1% 4 h after starting hemodialysis. The half-life of ioversol during hemodialysis was 1.80±0.38 h. The only side effects of the ioversol injection were heat sensations, which were experienced by 3 patients. Results: As ioversol was effectively removed from the body during the 4 h of hemodialysis and no severe adverse reactions were observed, we conclude that ioversol is suitable for use in hemodialyzed patients.
Software Upgrading in a CT Scanner
Authors: Kalef-Ezra J. A. , Karantanas A. H. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: In an attempt to improve field uniformity and CT number stability, the software in a CT scanner was replaced with a new version. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of the software upgrading on density measurements. Material and Methods: The upgrading influence was investigated by means of a torso phantom (European spinal). The phantom simulates a torso which contains 3 vertebrae of different densities. Results: Despite the use of a reference standard under the phantom, the software change resulted in: a) improved short-term precision; b) increased density values at 80 and 100 kVp, decreased at 130 kVp; and c) increased influence of the kVp on the values. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that conversion factors have to be used in density values for reference populations as well as in the values of patients undergoing follow-up studies.
Mr Imaging in Recurrent Pain after Back Surgery
Authors: Åkeson P. , Annertz M. , Kristoffersen D. T. , Jonsson E. , Holtås S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic results following injection of (a) a high dose (0.3 mmol/kg b.w.) of gadodiamide injection and (b) the standard dose (0.1 mmol/kg b.w.) of Gd-DTPA, in patients with recurrent symptoms after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. Material and Methods: Twenty patients with recurrent or sustained symptoms after surgery for lumbar disc herniations were examined. MR imaging (0.3 T) was first performed before and after Gd-DTPA at 0.1 mmol/kg b.w., and then within one month (17 patients) or within 3 months (3 patients) before and after gadodiamide injection at 0.3 mmol/kg b.w. The examinations were first evaluated by 2 neuroradiologists blinded to dose but not to patient as the images were presented in pairs. Six months later the same investigators evaluated the examinations again, this time blinded to both dose and patient. Results: At the evaluation in pairs (with the investigators blinded to dose only) the high-dose examinations were considered the most informative (p=0.05). However, at the later evaluation (with the investigators blinded both to dose and patient) no significant difference between high and standard dose was found regarding diagnosis or diagnostic certainty. Conclusion: In this study the high-dose contrast enhancement of MR imaging at 0.3 T did not increase the diagnostic information for differentiating between scar and recurrent hernia. The high-dose images were considered more informative when evaluated in pairs, but gave no additional or different information when evaluated separately. The study also indicated that comparisons in pairs should be interpreted with caution.
Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Non-Palpable Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Lohela P. , Tikkakoski T. , Strengell L. , Mikkola S. , Koskinen S. , Suramo I. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The aim of this prospective study was to determine the incidence of enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes by US and the diagnostic yield of US-guided aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Methods: During a 54-month period, all consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of sarcoidosis underwent supraclavicular US at the Kiljava Hospital, Finland. All patients with enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes underwent US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the lymph node. Results: Of a total of 250 patients, 27 (10.8%) had enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes at US. All these were non-palpable at clinical examination. The cytological specimen was quantitatively sufficient in 25 of the 27 cases (93%). In 22 (88%) of these, the cytological diagnosis was granulomatous inflammation suggestive of sarcoidosis. Three aspirates yielded reactive hyperplasia and 2 specimens were insufficient. No complications occurred. The patients were followed for 2–42 months (mean 19 months), and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis was confirmed clinically in all cases. Conclusion: Supraclavicular US detects non-palpable enlarged lymph nodes in 1/10 of the patients with suspected sarcoidosis. In this subgroup of patients, US combined with aspiration cytology may give cytological evidence of granulomatous disease similar to sarcoidosis and more invasive diagnostic methods can be avoided.
QoS guarantee protocol based on combination of opportunistic dynamic cloud service and cooperative multimedia stream for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Jin Yong , Li Ruigang , Dai Huan , Zhang Junchao 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In real-time multimedia applications, the most problems are how to store, process, and transport the multimedia data with cloud, how to optimize the cloud platform to satisfy the user demand, as well as how to provide the quality of service (QoS) guarantees by combining cloud platform and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To overcome these issues, the multimedia cloud was designed according to the characteristics of group of pictures (GOP), determining degree, and video frame density. The opportunistic dynamic multimedia cloud platform was proposed on the basis of the variation of packet error rate, decodable frame ratio and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) with channel quality. Then, the optimal multi-relay hierarchical cooperative multimedia transmission scheme was designed and implemented by reconstructing the cooperative multimedia stream based on the framing of GOP. For enhancing the multimedia cloud computing efficiency and decreasing the complexity of encoding and decoding of multimedia stream, we combined the opportunistic dynamic multimedia cloud platform and cooperative multimedia stream, which can also enhance the resources utilization of WSNs. Finally, the QoS guarantee protocol with the combination of opportunistic dynamic multimedia cloud platform and cooperative multimedia stream for WSNs (ODM-CM-WSN) was presented. Especially, the layered architectural model for multimedia applications and the opportunistic cooperative multimedia cloud service model were developed. The mathematical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed QoS guarantee protocol can satisfy the various requirements of multimedia applications and provide reliable and efficient cloud services with WSNs.
A productivity analysis considering environmental pollution and diseases in China
Authors: Cao Huijuan , Fujii Hidemichi , Managi Shunsuke 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Environmental pollution and human health problems are becoming serious issues in China. This research focuses on regional differences in productive inefficiencies and attempts to clarify the determinants of inefficiency, accounting economic, environmental and health-related factors. Our dataset includes information of 29 areas in China from 2003 to 2009. We find that after accounting for environmental pollution and health impacts, the productive inefficiency of the examined areas reduced; this result holds for both the national and provincial levels. Our results imply that government efforts to improve social welfare should emphasize increases in foreign direct investment and private medical expenditures.

JEL codes: I15, O44, O47, R11
Mathematical Simulation of Biotechnical Scanner to Determine Hydration Degrees a Biological Tissue in Norme and at Different Pathologies
Authors: Смолин  , Smolin V. 
Published: June 2015

The organs and tissues of the living body depending on the structure and functional states can contain from 50 to 90% of water. Water in a living organism can be in two forms: free water and structured water. Structured water forms strong links with organic molecules. Free water is movable, its quantity can vary considerably depending on the functional state of the body and determines a hydration degree of a tissues.
In clinical practice, the existing technical possibilities of determining hydration degree of biological objects are li-mited and hardly used. Any conclusions about the cause of death due to swelling are not sufficiently and quantified justified.
This paper is devoted to the development of a mathematical model of biotechnical scanner to determine the degree of hydration of biological tissues, based on the physic-chemical effect caused by additive volume of the system in the interaction of the sample of biological tissue with ethanol.
The mathematical model demonstrated that the violations of additivity volume are observed even with the addition of small water volume to large alcohol volume. A probabilistic model was developed and shown that the effects of the exothermic reaction, mixing water and ethanol, have a strong effect on the dates of the process. But this fixing process of a biological object is extended during times, the studied system by the end of fixation will go down in the stationary regime, which will determine the degree of hydration.
Registration changes of the system volume during the interaction of a biological object with ethanol allows to studying the dynamics of physical and chemical processes in the reactor of biotechnical scanner.
Effect of ibandronate on bending strength and toughness of rodent cortical bone
Authors: Savaridas T. , Wallace R. J. , Dawson S. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: June 2015

Objectives There remains conflicting evidence regarding cortical bone strength following bisphosphonate therapy. As part of a study to assess the effects of bisphosphonate treatment on the healing of rat tibial fractures, the mechanical properties and radiological density of the uninjured contralateral tibia was assessed. Methods Skeletally mature aged rats were used. A total of 14 rats received 1µg/kg ibandronate (iban) daily and 17 rats received 1 ml 0.9% sodium chloride (control) daily. Stress at failure and toughness of the tibial diaphysis were calculated following four-point bending tests. Results Uninjured cortical bone in the iban group had a significantly greater mean (standard deviation (sd)), p < 0.001, stress at failure of 219.2 MPa (sd 45.99) compared with the control group (169.46 MPa (sd 43.32)) following only nine weeks of therapy. Despite this, the cortical bone toughness and work to failure was similar. There was no significant difference in radiological density or physical dimensions of the cortical bone. Conclusions Iban therapy increases the stress at failure of uninjured cortical bone. This has relevance when normalising the strength of repair in a limb when comparing it with the unfractured limb. However, the 20% increase in stress at failure with iban therapy needs to be interpreted with caution as there was no corresponding increase in toughness or work to failure. Further research is required in this area, especially with the increasing clinical burden of low-energy diaphyseal femoral fractures following prolonged use of bisphosphonates. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:99–104
SignaTM – Towards Electronic Document Cross-Border Interoperability
Authors: Besson Jeremy , Birstunas Adomas , Mitasiunas Antanas , Stockus Arunas 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Transfer of information-based services to an electronic environment is the accomplished fact. Some of such services lead to creation of electronic documents that are signed by qualified e-signature and have legal value equal to hand-signed documents. In fact, the documents are created not for private use but for an exchange with the others. The main challenge of the electronic document usage is their interoperability. An electronic document is a dual technical and legal artefact that depends on a national legislation system and “lives” within a national platform of electronic documents. Therefore, an electronic document is not a subject of technical standardization only. The paper introduces a new concept for an electronic document cross-border interoperability solution based on creation of original copies for each national electronic document platform of the document signatories.
Bin packing with directed stackability conflicts
Authors: Bódis Attila 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Bin Packing problem is a well-known and highly investigated problem in the computer science: we have n items given with their sizes, and we want to assign them to unit capacity bins such, that we use the minimum number of bins.
In this paper, some generalizations of this problem are considered, where there are some additional stackability constraints defining that certain items can or cannot be packed on each other. The corresponding model in the literature is the Bin Packing Problem with Conflicts (BPPC), where this additional constraint is defined by an undirected conflict graph having edges between items that cannot be assigned to the same bin. However, we show some practical cases, where this conflict is directed, meaning that the items can be assigned to the same bin, but only in a certain order. Two new models are introduced for this problem: Bin Packing Problem with Hanoi Conflicts (BPPHC) and Bin Packing Problem with Directed Conflicts (BPPDC). In this work, the connection of the three conflict models is examined in detail.
We have investigated the complexity of the new models, mainly the BPPHC model, in the special case where each item have the same size. We also considered two cases depending on whether re-ordering the items is allowed or not.
We show that for the online version of the BPPHC model with unit size items, every Any-Fit algorithm gives not better than -competitive, when it is forbidden for the optimum to re-order the items, even if only 2 stackability classes, called Hanoi classes, are applied. This lower bound is generalized for arbitrary number of Hanoi classes. However, we also prove, that asymptotically the First-Fit algorithm is 1-competitive for this case.
Finally, we introduce an algorithm for the offline version of the BPPHC model with unit size items, which has polynomial time complexity, if the number of the Hanoi classes and the capacity of the bins are constant.
Tripartite graphs with given degree set
Authors: Iványi Antal , Pirzada Shariefuddin , Dar Farooq A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
If k ≥ 1, then the global degree set of a k-partite graph G = (V
1, V
2, . . . , V
k, E) is the set of the distinct degrees of the vertices of G, while if k ≥ 2, then the distributed degree set of G is the family of the k degree sets of the vertices of the parts of G. We propose algorithms to construct bipartite and tripartite graphs with prescribed global and distributed degree sets consisting from arbitrary nonnegative integers. We also present a review of the similar known results on digraphs.
Residual stress analysis of fixed retainer wires after in vitro loading: can mastication-induced stresses produce an unfavorable effect?
Authors: Sifakakis Iosif , Eliades Theodore , Bourauel Christoph 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare four different types of fixed canine-to-canine retainer regarding the maximum and residual force system generated on a canine during the intrusive
The bio-corona and its impact on nanomaterial toxicity
Authors: Westmeier Dana , Chen Chunying , Stauber Roland H. , Docter Dominic 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe rapidly growing application of nano-sized materials and nano-scaled processes will result in increased exposure of humans and the environment. The small size of nanomaterials (NM) comparable with molecular building blocks of cells raises concerns that their toxic potential cannot be extrapolated from studies of larger particles due to their unique physico-chemical properties. These properties are also responsible that NM rapidly adsorb various (bio)molecules when introduced into complex physiological or natural environments. As the thus formed protein/biomolecule ‘corona’ seems to affect the NM’ in situ identity, an understanding of its toxicological relevance and the biophysical forces regulating corona formation is needed but not yet achieved. This review introduces our current concept of corona formation and evolution and present analytical methods for corona profiling. We discuss toxicity mechanisms potentially affected by the biomolecule corona, including NM cellular uptake and impact on components of the blood system. Further, we comment on pending knowledge gaps and challenges, which need to be resolved by the field. We conclude by presenting a tiered systems biology-driven approach recommended to mechanistically understand the coronas’ nanotoxicological relevance and predictive potential.
On the status of exhaustiveness in cleft sentences: An empirical and cross-linguistic study of English also-/only-clefts and Italian anche-/solo-clefts
Authors: De Cesare Anna-Maria , Garassino Davide 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe goal of the paper is to shed new light on the semantics and pragmatics of cleft sentences by discussing the exhaustive interpretation typically associated with these complex syntactic structures. Based on a fine-grained analysis of the contexts in which “exhaustiveness” can be cancelled as well as reinforced by English
Evaluation of the Heavy Metal Content of the Upper Tisza River Floodplain Soils over the last Decade
Authors: Győri Zoltán , Boros Norbert , Sipos Péter , Szabó Emese Bertáné , Kovács Katalin , Horváth Márk , Takács Anita , Heltai György 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In early 2000, two contamination events at Baia Mare first and Baia Borsa second involving large amounts of toxic elements impacted the Hungarian section of the River Tisza with disastrous ecological and economical impacts. We evaluated the sort- and long-term effects of this pollution by determining the total and bioavailable concentrations of potentially toxic metals from soil samples collected along the Tisza (Tivadar, Vásárosnamény, Rakamaz, and Tiszacsege) in 2000 and between 2011 and 2013. The current and previous results were compared in respect of copper and lead contents.
Groundwater Remediation Using Biological And Photocatalytic Methods
Authors: Guba Sándor , Somogyi Viola , Szabóné Bárdos Erzsébet 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The degradability of two commercially available pesticides was studied using heterogeneous photocatalytic and activated sludge treatment methods. The first pesticide contained 5% quizalofop-P-ethyl as an active ingredient and petroleum naphtha as a solvent, the latter causing difficulties both in photocatalytic and biological treatment methods. The active ingredient of the second compound was acetamiprid. The photocatalysis proved to be effective both under laboratory conditions (using UV light) and when exposed to sunlight, but the pesticides remained stable during the employed biological treatment. Preliminary information on its behaviour in soil was obtained from transport modelling.
Simulation of Thermo-viscoplastic Behaviors for AISI 4140 Steel
Authors: Li Hong-Bin , Feng Yun-Li 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe thermo-viscoplastic behaviors of AISI 4140 steel are investigated over wide ranges of strain rate and deformation temperature by isothermal compression tests. Based on the experimental results, a unified viscoplastic constitutive model is proposed to describe the hot compressive deformation behaviors of the studied steel. In order to reasonably evaluate the work hardening behaviors, a strain hardening material constant (h0) is expressed as a function of deformation temperature and strain rate in the proposed constitutive model. Also, the sensitivity of initial value of internal variablesto the deformation temperature is discussed. Furthermore, it is found that the initial value of internal variablescan be expressed as a linear function of deformation temperature. Comparisons between the measured and predicted results confirm that the proposed constitutive model can give an accurate and precise estimate of the inelastic stress–strain relationships for the studied high-strength steel.