bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Groundwater Flow and Energy Load on Multiple Borehole Heat Exchangers
Authors: Emad Dehkordi S. , Schincariol Robert A. , Olofsson Bo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe effect of array configuration, that is, number, layout, and spacing, on the performance of multiple borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) is generally known under the assumption of fully conductive transport. The effect of groundwater flow on BHE performance is also well established, but most commonly for single BHEs. In multiple‐BHE systems the effect of groundwater advection can be more complicated due to the induced thermal interference between the boreholes. To ascertain the influence of groundwater flow and borehole arrangement, this study investigates single‐ and multi‐BHE systems of various configurations. Moreover, the influence of energy load balance is also examined. The results from corresponding cases with and without groundwater flow as well as balanced and unbalanced energy loads are cross‐compared. The groundwater flux value, 10−7 m/s, is chosen based on the findings of previous studies on groundwater flow interaction with BHEs and thermal response tests. It is observed that multi‐BHE systems with balanced loads are less sensitive to array configuration attributes and groundwater flow, in the long‐term. Conversely, multi‐BHE systems with unbalanced loads are influenced by borehole array configuration as well as groundwater flow; these effects become more pronounced with time, unlike when the load is balanced. Groundwater flow has more influence on stabilizing loop temperatures, compared to array characteristics. Although borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems have a balanced energy load function, preliminary investigation on their efficiency shows a negative impact by groundwater which is due to their dependency on high temperature gradients between the boreholes and surroundings.
Ductal carcinoma in situ with distorting sclerosis on core biopsy may be predictive of upstaging on excision
Authors: Walters Laura L , Pang Judy C , Zhao Lili , Jorns Julie M 
Published: September 2014

AimsThe aim of this study was to examine clinicopathological features of patients with core biopsy diagnoses of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that may predict invasion on subsequent excision, as upstaging has significant implications regarding the need for axillary staging via sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).Methods and resultsWe identified 186 patients with a diagnosis of DCIS as the highest‐stage lesion on core biopsy. Pathological and clinical features were assessed via slide and chart review, respectively. Distorting sclerosis was defined as irregular angulation of glands involved by DCIS but lacking definite invasion according to histology and/or immunohistochemical staining for myoepithelial markers. Thirty‐two of 186 (17.2%) cases had upstaging to either microinvasive (nine) or invasive (23) ductal carcinoma. SLNB was performed in 29 of 32 (90.6%) cases with upstaging and in 55 of 154 (35.7%) cases without (P < 0.0001). Upstaging was significantly associated with the presurgical variables of radiological mass (P = 0.009) and distorting sclerosis (P = 0.0005) and the postsurgical feature of multifocality (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsSentinel lymph node biopsy is frequently performed for patients with upstaging from DCIS on core biopsy to microinvasive or invasive carcinoma on excision. DCIS with distorting sclerosis without definite invasion on core biopsy may be predictive of upstaging. This feature may be useful in selecting patients to undergo SLNB at the time of excision to avoid reoperation.
Second‐hand clothing consumption: a cross‐cultural comparison between American and Chinese young consumers
Authors: Xu Yingjiao , Chen Yizhuo , Burman Ritika , Zhao Hongshan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThere has been an enormous increase in the economic power and global scope of the second‐hand clothing trade since the early 1990s. Young consumers are a major driver behind the growth of the second‐hand clothing industry in the US. While the stigma of buying second‐hand clothing is fading in the western countries, little is known about second‐hand clothing consumption in the Asian countries. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate young consumers' behaviours towards second‐hand clothing from a cross‐cultural perspective in the US and Chinese contexts. Results of this study indicated significant differences in young consumers' second‐hand clothing consumption behaviour between the two countries in the following aspects: past purchase experience, perceived values and concerns, perceived subjective norm and future purchase intention.
Developing a potential prebiotic of yogurt: growth of Bifidobacterium and yogurt cultures with addition of glycomacropeptide hydrolysate
Authors: Tian Qian , Wang Ting‐Ting , Tang Xi , Han Ming‐Zhao , Leng Xiao‐Jing , Mao Xue‐Ying 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThis study is aimed at investigating the feasibility of casein glycomacropeptide (GMP) hydrolysates as potential prebiotics in yogurt. The growth performance of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (Bb12) was determined in the presence of GMP hydrolysates produced by the action of proteolytic enzymes (trypsin and papain) with various degrees of hydrolysis. The growth‐promoting effect of GHP on Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcu thermophilus were also evaluated. Results showed that the optimum hydrolysis time of GMP with trypsin or papain for Bb12 growth promotion was 2 and 0.5 h, respectively. Compared with GMP and its trypsin hydrolysate, the GMP hydrolysate produced with papain (GHP) was the best for Bb12 growth, which obtained the highest viable count (9.3 log cfu mL−1) and the lowest pH of 4.69. The obtained GHP significantly improved the growth of S. thermophilus (P < 0.05), while it had little effect on the growth of L. bulgaricus (P > 0.05)., The viable count of Bb12 of the yogurt obtained with the addition of 1.5% GHP was about four times higher than that of the control without GHP addition. The growth‐promoting effect of GHP might be related to its high content of Glu, Leu and Ala while had no direct relationship with sialic acid content.
Effects of β‐glucans on properties of soya bean protein isolate thermal gels
Authors: Zhao Cheng‐Bin , Wu Fei , Li Yong‐Ping , Liu Xiao‐Ling 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe effects of concentration and molecular weight of oat β‐glucans on properties of soya bean protein isolate (SPI) thermal gels prepared by heating at 90℃for 30 min were investigated. Compared with control (free of β‐glucan) formulations, the presence of β‐glucans (0.5–1.5%, w/v) largely enhanced storage modulus (G′) and texture properties of SPI (12%, w/v) thermal gels measured by dynamic oscillatory rheometry and texture profile analysis, which were developed as increasing β‐glucan concentration and molecular weight. It is possible that β‐glucans could cause the formation of protein aggregates to produce gels through hydrophobic interactions. Mixed gel systems at low ionic strength showed higher G′ resulting from the lower denaturation temperature of SPI, which was beneficial to the formation of gel structure. In addition, although adding a certain amount of β‐glucan into SPI reduced water‐holding capacity of mixed gels, high molecular weight of β‐glucan improved their water‐holding capacity compared to control formulations attributed to the improvement of the structural integrity of the mixed gel network.
Influences of red pitaya fruit puree and gelling agents on the physico‐mechanical properties and quality changes of gummy confections
Authors: Hani Norziah M. , Romli Siti Rashima , Ahmad Mehraj 
Published: September 2014

SummaryGelatin (GGC) and high‐methoxyl pectin (PGC)‐based gummy confections incorporated with 20–25% (w/w) red pitaya fruit puree (RPFP; Hylocereus polyrhizus) were prepared at various ratios of gelling agent to water (gelatin:water ≈ 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2; pectin:water ≈ 1:5, 1:7.5, 1:10). GGC and PGC showed higher antioxidant activity with increasing RPFP content. Hardness, gumminess and Young's moduli decreased significantly in GGC and PGC with increasing water content and RPFP, implying a marked decrease in rigidity and formation of flexible polymer gel networks. Descriptive sensory analysis deduced that RPFP could be used in making gummy candies with no adverse effect on the texture and overall acceptance. It was concluded that the incorporation of RPFP gave desirable texture, enhanced antioxidant activity and provided a natural vibrant red colour to the gummy confections.
Biotechnological characterisation of exocellular proteases produced by enological Hanseniaspora isolates
Authors: Mateo Jose Juan , Maicas Sergi , Thieβen Carina 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTwenty‐six enological Hanseniaspora isolates were identified by ITS PCR‐RFLP and D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA sequencing and assayed for exocellular protease production. Based on qualitative data, six isolates, belonging to H. guilliermondii, H. valbyensis and H. occidentalis species, were selected to continue the study. Analytical procedure was optimised, and protease activities were quantified and characterised on the basis of different biotechnological factors. Protease activity was quite glucose, fructose and ethanol content independent, but divalent cation affects activity; these data support that they were aspartic proteases. The effect of 2‐mercaptoethanol suggests the importance of disulphide bonds to maintain the structure of the active centre. Our results show these enzymes could be suitable for using in biotechnological processes at neutral pH, such as cheese, bread and meat industries. This is, to our knowledge, the first work showing the induction process to induce and characterise proteolytic activity in Hanseniaspora isolates.
Anti‐inflammatory activity of rosemary extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide enriched in carnosic acid and carnosol
Authors: Arranz Elena , Jaime Laura , García‐Risco Monica R. , Fornari Tiziana , Reglero Guillermo , Santoyo Susana 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of supercritical rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (rosemary A and B) is been reported in this study. To achieve that, THP‐1 macrophages were activated using lipopolysaccharide or human ox‐LDL and secretion and gene expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IL‐10 were evaluated, as well as COX‐2 gene expression. Results indicated that both rosemary extracts (A & B) exhibit high anti‐inflammatory activity although at a higher extent in case of rosemary B extract (5 μg mL−1), representing a higher quantity of carnosic acid and carnosol than rosemary A. When comparing the activity of the extract to the standard itself, the anti‐inflammatory activity of standards of carnosic acid and carnosol was not as intense as that obtained with rosemary B. These data indicated that although carnosic acid content in the extracts is considered as the main anti‐inflammatory compound, a synergistic interaction with other compounds may play a significant role in enhancing its activity. Results provided the grounds for possible increase in the application of supercritical rosemary extracts in food formulations for mitigation or prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: Bloom S. , Kemp W. , Lubel J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPortal hypertension is an important complication of liver disease. As a result of elevated pressures within the portal vein several complications can arise, including the development of oesophageal and gastric varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy as well as complications secondary to circulatory dysfunction, such as hepatorenal syndrome, portopulmonary syndrome and hepatopulmonary syndrome. This review outlines the pathogenesis and diagnosis of portal hypertension and outlines the management of these various important clinical sequelae. The management of oesophageal and gastric varices is particularly important, and both the emergency management together with prophylactic management of this condition are described.
Pike (Esox lucius) could have been an exclusive human introduction to Ireland after all: a comment on Pedreschi et al. (2014)
Authors: Ensing Dennis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA recent publication (Pedreschi et al., 2014, Journal of Biogeography, 41, 548–560) casts doubt over the status of pike (Esox lucius) as a non‐native species in Ireland by reporting two distinct genetic groups of pike present: one a human introduction in the Middle Ages, the other hypothesized to result from natural colonization after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). While the existence of two groups is not disputed, the hypothesized natural colonization scenario conflicts with the sequence in which the islands of Britain and Ireland became isolated from Europe after the LGM. An alternative natural colonization scenario raised herein was rejected, leaving an earlier, two‐phase, human introduction of pike from Britain or Europe to Ireland as a realistic alternative hypothesis explaining the results of Pedreschi et al. (2014). This leaves the debates on human introduction versus natural colonization, introduced versus native species status, and pike management in Ireland wide open.
Sensor‐Based Electromagnetic Navigation to Facilitate Implantation of Left Ventricular Leads in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: DÖRING MICHAEL , SOMMER PHILIPP , ROLF SASCHA , LUCAS JOHANNES , BREITHARDT OLE A. , HINDRICKS GERHARD , RICHTER SERGIO 
Published: September 2014

Electromagnetic Navigation for CRT ImplantationIntroductionImplantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices can be challenging, time consuming, and fluoroscopy intense. To facilitate placement of left ventricular (LV) leads, a novel electromagnetic navigation system (MediGuide™, St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) has been developed, displaying real‐time 3‐D location of sensor‐embedded delivery tools superimposed on prerecorded X‐ray cine‐loops of coronary sinus venograms. We report our experience and advanced progress in the use of this new electromagnetic tracking system to guide LV lead implantation.Methods and ResultsBetween January 2012 and December 2013, 71 consecutive patients (69 ± 9 years, 76% male) were implanted with a CRT device using the new electromagnetic tracking system. Demographics, procedural data, and periprocedural adverse events were gathered. The impact of the operator's experience, optimized workflow, and improved software technology on procedural data were analyzed. LV lead implantation was successfully achieved in all patients without severe adverse events. Total procedure time measured 87 ± 37 minutes and the median total fluoroscopy time (skin‐to‐skin) was 4.9 (2.5–7.8) minutes with a median dose‐area‐product of 476 (260–1056) cGy*cm2. An additional comparison with conventional CRT device implantations showed a significant reduction in fluoroscopy time from 8.0 (5.8; 11.5) to 4.5 (2.8; 7.3) minutes (P = 0.016) and radiation dose from 603 (330; 969) to 338 (176; 680) cGy*cm2, respectively (P = 0.044 ).ConclusionUse of the new navigation system enables safe and successful LV lead placement with improved orientation and significantly reduced radiation exposure during CRT implantation.
The potential for vertical bone regeneration via maxillary periosteal elevation
Authors: Mouraret Sylvain , Von Kaeppler Ericka , Bardet Claire , Hunter Daniel J. , Chaussain Catherine , Bouchard Philippe , Helms Jill A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhile many studies have been performed on the characteristics and regenerative capacity of long bone periosteum, the craniofacial periosteum remains poorly understood.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential for a maxillary periosteum tunnelling procedure to induce vertical alveolar bone regeneration.Materials and MethodsWe employed a murine injury model that activates skeletal stem cells in the periosteum without overtly damaging the underlying cortical bone, preserving the integrity of the long bone and maxilla, and avoiding the introduction of pathological motion at the injury site. Further, we introduced a collagen sponge to serve as a scaffold, providing the necessary space for vertical bone regeneration.ResultsPeriosteal elevation alone resulted in bone formation in the tibia and delayed bone resorption in the maxilla. With the presence of the collagen sponge, new bone formation occurred in the maxilla.ConclusionsPeriosteal response to injury varies with anatomical location, so conclusions from long bone studies should not be extrapolated for craniofacial applications. Murine maxillary periosteum has the osteogenic potential to induce vertical alveolar bone regeneration.
Results of the validation study of the Psodisk instrument, and determination of the cut‐off scores for varying degrees of impairment
Authors: Sampogna F. , Linder D. , Romano G.V. , Gualberti G. , Merolla R. , di Luzio Paparatti U. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Psodisk is a 10‐item visual instrument, aimed at measuring the burden of psoriasis on patients.ObjectivesTo validate the Psodisk in a large sample of patients with psoriasis, and to define categories for the interpretation of the scores.MethodsData were collected in 21 dermatological centres. The Psodisk was administered at baseline (t0), after 2 or 3 days (t1) and about 3 months (t2) after baseline, and data were used to assess validity and reliability of the instrument. The cut‐off scores were determined using the perception of the severity of the disease by the patient as anchor point.ResultsThe evaluable population consisted of 320 patients at baseline, with a mean Psodisk score of 36.9. The concurrent validity of the instrument was confirmed by the high correlation with Skindex‐29 and DLQI. Factor analyses selected a single factor, which alone explained almost 60% of the variance. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.927, suggesting a good reliability. Test–retest reliability was verified by a Pearson's correlation coefficient between the Psodisk scores at baseline and t1 of 0.924. Five categories of disease burden were defined: 1. minimal (<9); 2. mild (9–15); 3. moderate (16–30); 4. marked (31–50); 5. severe (>50).ConclusionThe Psodisk showed good psychometric properties. The definition of the cut‐off scores will be useful to evaluate the burden of psoriasis on patients.
An increased risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer during TNF‐inhibitor treatment in psoriasis patients compared to rheumatoid arthritis patients probably relates to disease‐related factors
Authors: van Lümig P.P.M. , Menting S.P. , van den Reek J.M.P.A. , Spuls P.I. , van Riel P.L.C.M. , van de Kerkhof P.C.M. , Fransen J. , Kievit W. , de Jong E.M.G.J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundConcerns exist about a risk of non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in psoriasis patients and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with TNF‐inhibitors. However, current data also show that in some psoriasis patients, NMSC is diagnosed relatively short after the start of TNF‐inhibitors, which suggests that these NMSC can be explained by previous therapies instead of by TNF‐inhibitor therapy.ObjectiveTo investigate whether there was a difference in time until first NMSC and the rate of NMSC between psoriasis and RA patients on TNF‐inhibitors.MethodsTime until first NMSC and the rate of NMSC were compared between psoriasis and RA patients from the same region treated with TNF‐inhibitors and followed up for at least one year in prospective cohort studies, by using Cox regression and Poisson regression. Both analyses were corrected for confounders (age, gender, disease duration, prior NMSC, duration of anti‐TNF and other systemic therapies).ResultsThe NMSC risk was significantly higher in the psoriasis group [fully adjusted HR 6.0 (1.6–22.4 95%CI)] with a shorter time until first NMSC in psoriasis compared to RA. By Poisson regression, psoriasis patients had a 5.5 (2.2–13.4 95%CI) higher rate of NMSC.ConclusionThe time until first NMSC was significantly shorter and the rate of NMSC was significantly higher in psoriasis compared with RA. This indicates that disease‐related factors like phototherapy may be important contributing factors to NMSC diagnosed in psoriasis patients treated with TNF‐inhibitors.
Evidence that microgynes of Myrmica rubra ants are social parasites that attack old host colonies
Authors: Schär S. , Nash D. R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnt microgynes are miniaturized queen forms found together with normal queens (macrogynes) in species occurring across the ant phylogeny. Their role is not yet fully understood: in some cases, they seem to be nonparasitic alternative reproductive morphs, in others incipient social parasites, and thus potential models for studying the evolution of social parasitism. Whether they are regarded as parasitic or not has traditionally been based on genetic differentiation from syntopic macrogynes and/or the queen/worker ratio of their offspring rather than measuring fitness traits. We confirmed previously reported genetic differentiation between microgynes and macrogynes of Myrmica rubra in a population studied for the first time. Further, we measured virulence and infectivity of M. rubra microgynes in a controlled laboratory experiment. Nests headed only by macrogynes (controls), only by microgynes, and naturally and artificially mixed nests were kept under identical conditions. We found reduction in worker numbers of both naturally and artificially mixed macrogyne/microgyne nests compared with controls, and strong reduction but also surprising variation in fitness of nests headed only by microgynes. Microgyne nests produced workers, males and microgynes. Microgynes did not themselves reproduce in artificially mixed nests, but reproduced most in naturally mixed nests that had lost their macrogyne queen. This, together with higher mortality of field‐collected macrogyne queens from naturally infested colonies and greater estimated relative age of macrogyne queens in naturally infected nests, suggests that they preferentially exploit older host colonies. We conclude that M. rubra microgynes are intraspecific social parasites specialized on exploiting old host colonies.
Morphology and Molecular Phylogeny of Three Cyrtophorid Ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) from China, Including Two New Species, Chilodonella parauncinata sp. n. and Chlamydonella irregularis sp. n.
Authors: Qu Zhishuai , Pan Hongbo , Hu Xiaozhong , Li Jiqiu , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Al‐Rasheid Khaled A. S. , Yi Zhenzhen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the morphology and molecular characteristics of three interesting free‐living cyrtophorid ciliates, including two new species, isolated from China: Chilodonella parauncinata sp. n. can be identified by its elongated body shape, with a sharp protrusion in the left anterior part, cell size ca. 60 × 25 μm in vivo, five right and 6–7 left kineties with kinetosomes densely arranged, and a curved cyrtos. Chlamydonella irregularis sp. n. differs from its congeners by the oval body shape, cell size 50–60 × 25–40 μm in vivo, irregular shape of macronucleus, 30–40 club‐shaped ventral protuberances, and 17 somatic kineties. Two isolates of Chlamydonella derouxi Song, 2003, collected from an intertidal area in Shandong and a mangrove wetland in Guangdong respectively, correspond well with two previous descriptions, but differ in comprising more basal bodies in left and right equatorial fragments and in having more finger‐like protuberances on the ventral side. Phylogenetic analyses based on the small subunit rRNA gene sequences showed that C. parauncinata sp. n. clustered with Chilodonella uncinata, but was a well‐outlined species of the genus, and C. irregularis sp. n. and C. derouxi grouped in the family Lynchellidae with their congeners to form the monophyletic genus Chlamydonella.