bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Passive Integrated Transponder Technology to Study In Situ Movements of Larval Sea Lamprey
Authors: Dawson Heather A. , Potts Danielle D. , Maguffee Alexander C. , O'Connor Lisa M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the Laurentian Great Lakes, sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is an invasive species controlled primarily through application of selective toxicants (lampricides) to tributaries expected to contain the most large larvae (&gt;100 mm). Current assessment techniques make the assumption that larvae occupy all stream habitats in the same proportion irrespective of size or life history stage. Testing this assumption relies on the availability of a marking method to determine individual animal movement between habitats over time. To evaluate the feasibility of using passive integrated transponder (PIT) technology to detect sea lamprey larvae in situ, we implanted two sizes of PIT tags (8 and 9 mm) in larvae of less than 120-mm average length to assess survival, tag loss, behavior, and detectability in situ. Larval mortality and tag loss were lower when smaller tags were used, but mortalities were still high (60%) due to the small body cavity severely restricting internal tag implantation. Burrowing performance of 8-mm PIT-tagged larvae and untagged larvae was compared, and tagged larvae spent significantly more time moving (35 vs. 21 s) and more total time (71 vs. 31 s) to completely burrow into the substrate than untagged larvae. Detectability of those 8- and 9-mm PIT-tagged larvae in situ was evaluated by releasing them in a simulated stream and using a portable PIT tag antenna on three occasions to relocate them at a detection rate that ranged from 47 to 100%. Feasibility of tracking individual larval sea lamprey movements was evaluated by tagging larvae with either 9-mm PIT tags, visible implant alpha tags, or visible implant elastomer tags; releasing them in a natural stream; and relocating them by PIT antenna or recapturing them by electrofishing. In the natural stream, a total of 36% of 9-mm PIT-tagged larvae were relocated in situ during the study period, whereas less than 7% of larvae tagged with other tag types were recaptured. The smallest currently available PIT tags are not suitable for tracking movements of individual sea lamprey larvae less than 120 mm in average length because of the significant effects of tagging on behavior and survival rates. We are unaware of other tagging technologies currently available to track individual sea lamprey larvae of this size range in situ over time.
REFRACTORY THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND NEUTROPENIA: A DIAGNOSTIC CHALLENGE
Authors: Gyan Emmanuel , Dreyfus François , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: February 2015

Background. The 2008 WHO classification identified refractory cytopenia with unilineage dysplasia (RCUD) as a composite entity encompassing refractory anemia, refractory thrombocytopenia (RT), and refractory neutropenia (RN), characterized by 10% or more dysplastic cells in the bone marrow respective lineage. The diagnosis of RT and RN is complicated by several factors. Diagnosing RT first requires exclusion of familial thrombocytopenia, chronic auto-immune thrombocytopenia, concomitant medications, viral infections, or hypersplenism. Diagnosis of RN should also be made after ruling out differential diagnoses such as ethnic or familial neutropenia, as well as acquired, drug-induced, infection-related or malignancy-related neutropenia. An accurate quantification of dysplasia should be performed in order to distinguish RT or RN from the provisional entity named idiopathic cytopenia of unknown significance (ICUS). Cytogenetic analysis, and possibly in the future somatic mutation analysis (of genes most frequently mutated in MDS), and flow cytometry analysis aberrant antigen expression on myeloid cells may help in this differential diagnosis. Importantly, we and others found that, while isolated neutropenia and thrombocytopenia are not rare in MDS, those patients can generally be classified (according to WHO 2008 classification) as refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia or refractory anemia with excess blasts, while RT and RN (according to WHO 2008) are quite rare.These results suggest in particular that identification of RT and RN as distinct entities could be reconsidered in future WHO classification updates.
Experimental Design Methodology Applied to Mercury Determination: Hair Samples as a Mercury Bioindicator
Authors: Karimi Mohammad , Aboufazeli Forouzan , Zhad Hamid Reza Lotfi Zadeh , Sadeghi Omid , Najafi Ezzatollah 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The application of modified magnetic nanoparticles in extraction of trace Hg was investigated. For this purpose, surfaces of magnetic nanoparticles were modified by 2-picolamine and then utilized as a solid-phase sorbent for Hg(II) extraction. A statisticalmethod, based on surface response design, has been used for the optimization of Hg ion elution from the magnetic nanoparticles. The sorbed Hg ions were eluted quantitatively with 5.5 mL of a solution containing 0.8 M HCl and 0.08 M EDTA after 12 min. The recovery value in this method was 98.6% with RSD of 1.4%,and the obtained LOD was 0.01 ng/mL. The preconcentration factor was calculated to be 179. The method was applied to the determination of hair Hg content for biomonitoring purposes.
Geodetic exploration of strain along the El Pilar Fault in northeastern Venezuela
Authors: Reinoza C. , Jouanne F. , Audemard F. A. , Schmitz M. , Beck C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe use Global Navigation Satellite Systems observations in northeastern Venezuela to constrain the El Pilar Fault (EPF) kinematics and to explore the effects of the variable elastic properties of the surrounding medium and of the fault geometry on inferred slip rates and locking depth. The velocity field exhibits an asymmetric velocity gradient on either side of the EPF. We use five different approaches to explore possible models to explain this asymmetry. First, we infer a 1.6 km locking depth using a classic elastic half‐space dislocation model. Second, we infer a 1.5 km locking depth and a 0.33 asymmetry coefficient using a heterogeneous asymmetric model, including contrasting material properties on either side of a vertical fault, suggesting that the igneous‐metamorphic terranes on the northern side are ~2 times more rigid than the sedimentary southern side. Third, we use a three‐dimensional elastostatic model to evaluate the presence of a compliant zone, suggesting a 30% reduction of rigidity in the upper 3 km at the depth of a 1 to 5 km wide fault zone. Fourth, we evaluate the distribution of fault slip, revealing a widespread partial creep pattern in the eastern upper segment, while the upper western segment exhibits a partially locked area, which coincides with the rupture surface of the 1797 and 1929 earthquakes. To supplement these models, we upgrade the previously published displacement simulation method using nonvertical dislocations with data acquired between 2003 and 2013. The localized aseismic displacement pattern associated with creeping or partially creeping fault segments could explain the low level of historic seismicity.
Increase of load‐carrying capacity of masonry with textile reinforced rendering / Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit von Mauerwerk mit textilbewehrtem Putz
Authors: Papanicolaou Catherine (Corina) , Triantafillou Thanasis C. , Fabregat Pere Roca 
Published: February 2015

AbstractContemporary externally bonded structural upgrading schemes for masonry structures employ Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) systems (a technique that was extended from concrete to masonry structures) and technical textiles (structural fiber grids) embedded in inorganic matrices. The latter account for a multitude of systems depending on the type of grid – fiber material, bundle treatment (dry, coated or even impregnated), grid geometry, manufacturing method etc. – and matrix – binder (e.g. cement or lime), rheology etc. – resulting in the derivation of many different acronyms (FRCM, TRM, CMG, IMG or other – see for definitions below). The mechanical behavior of such systems and their interaction with different substrates may vary significantly (e.g. dry vs. impregnated fiber grids embedded in mortars). This paper aims to summarize all reported efforts to increase the load‐carrying and/or deformation capacity of unreinforced masonry walls against in‐plane loading and second‐order phenomena (eccentric compressive loading).
Local and distant acupuncture points stimulation for chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review on the comparative effects
Authors: Wong Lit Wan D. , Wang Y. , Xue C.C.L. , Wang L.P. , Liang F.R. , Zheng Z. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOne in four people suffers from chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP). Acupuncture points stimulation is increasingly used for pain relief for CMP. Commonly, a combination of local and distant points is used. However, the difference between the effects of local and distant point stimulation is unknown. This systematic review aimed to determine if there was a difference in effects between stimulating local and distant points, and the combination of both when compared with either alone. English and Chinese electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials, where local or distant points were stimulated in adults with CMP. Pain intensity was the primary outcome measure. Nineteen were included in the qualitative analysis and 15 in the meta‐analysis. Local and distant point stimulation was more effective than their respective controls in pain reduction immediately after treatment. Three studies directly compared the stimulation of local and distant points and found no significant difference between the two. No studies compared combined local and distant point stimulation with either alone. Subgroup analyses showed that, local tender point stimulation was more effective than local acupuncture points. Local and distant point stimulation induces similar degree of acupuncture analgesia. The benefit of combining local and distant point stimulation is unknown. However, subgroup analyses suggested that local tender points could be important in the treatment of CMP for short‐term pain relief.
Access to Emergency Contraception and its Impact on Fertility and Sexual Behavior
Authors: Mulligan Karen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHalf of all pregnancies in the USA are unintended, suggesting a high incidence of either improper or nonuse of contraceptives. Emergency birth control (EBC) provides individuals with additional insurance against unplanned pregnancy in the presence of contraception failure. This study is the first to estimate the impact of switching EBC from prescription to nonprescription status in the USA on abortions and risky sexual behavior as measured by STD rates. Utilizing state‐level variation in access to EBC, we find that providing individuals with over‐the‐counter access to EBC leads to increase STD rates and has no effect on abortion rates. Moreover, individual‐level analysis using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth indicates that risky sexual behavior such as engaging in unprotected sex and number of sexual encounters increases as a result of over‐the‐counter access to EBC, which is consistent with the state‐level STD findings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REVIEW
Authors: Geddes Bill 
Published: February 2015

The First Taint of Civilization: A History of the Caroline and Marshall Islands in Pre‐Colonial Days, 1521–1885. By Francis X. Hezel, S.J. Honolulu: Pacific Islands Monograph Series, No. 1. University of Hawaii Press. 1983. Pp. xvi + 365.The Mariana Islands. By Antoine‐Alfred Marche, translated by S. E. Cheng. Mangilau, Guam: Micronesian Area Research Centre, University of Guam. 1982. Pp. iv + 52. Price US$3.25 (paper bound).
Shamanism, Sorcery and Cannibalism: The Incorporation of Power in the Magical Cult of Buai1
Authors: Eves Richard 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis article explores aspects of bodily belief and embodiment among the people of the Lelet Plateau of central New Ireland (Papua New Guinea). Far from being merely a surface upon which power relations are inscribed, as is suggested by some Western theory, the body, for the Lelet, is a central and active site for the appropriation of power. Power can be incorporated into the body through ingestion of substances, and acts of power over others can involve incorporation of their vital organs. Such acts of incorporation, whether to obtain power or to wield it, denote the significance of the boundaries of the body. I examine these conceptions of power as they occur in Lelet belief and in the practices of the shamanistic magical cult called Buai that has been imported from other parts of New Ireland and New Britain. This article examines the acts of incorporation and ideas of embodiment that are deployed in this cult and in the powerful forms of cannibalistic sorcery associated with it. I focus upon bodily practices through detailed ethnography in order to elucidate the complexity of the Lelet's understanding of their world.
The Robustness of Aboriginal Land Tenure Systems: Underlying and Proximate Customary Titles
Authors: Sutton Peter 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWhile Aboriginal1 land use patterns may have been fragile in the face of colonisation, and severe limits were consequently placed on Aboriginal people's capacity to physically enact local traditional entitlements on many lands, the basis and key content of traditional title to such lands is not fragile but has generally been maintained with considerable robustness. In this paper I suggest that this robustness arises in a critical sense from the pre‐existing and widely continuing dual structure of traditional land tenure, which may be understood as consisting of an underlying title held within the relevant regional jural and cultural system, which underpins proximate entitlements enjoyed by small groups of individuals. There is scope within Australia's Native Title Act (1993) for the recognition of this system of customary law under the western legal concept of native title.
The Last Big Man: Development and Men's Discontents in the Papua New Guinea Highlands
Authors: Zimmer‐Tamakoshi Laura 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBig Men achieve that status by making good things happen for others as well as for themselves. In the minds of many Papua New Guineans development promises a direct route to becoming Super Big Men and Women. Mostly, however, it produces inequality and conflict. This is striking in places peripheral to major developments and in situations where not everyone benefits (e.g. compensation to ‘local landowners' ‐ narrowly defined by mining companies ‐ and lucrative urban employment ‐ enjoyed only by the few, mostly male elite). Uneven development pits men and women, parents and children, and whole communities against one another as those less fortunate fail to match the generosities or competition of more prosperous exchange partners. In this article, I look at development through the eyes of one self‐proclaimed ‘last Big Man’. As a youth, Ruge participated in male initiation and worked for the colonial outsiders, hoping to manipulate both old and new systems. He married several wives in the tradition of past Gende leaders but chose one because she had been to school, knew the ways of Europeans and had a keen business sense. In spite of what looked like the right moves and a sincere concern for his followers, Ruge could not prevent his society from being ravaged by inequality or help a growing number of bachelors afford expensive brideprices as more and more village girls married wealthy strangers from other parts of Papua New Guinea. In the end, a clan brother killed Ruge in an argument over land, making Ruge a victim to capitalist development's indifference to local traditions of family, reputation, and leadership.
Wards, Words and Citizens: A.P. Elkin and Paul Hasluck on Assimilation1
Authors: McGregor Russell 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper explores some of the ambivalences and contestations within assimilationist discourses in mid‐twentieth century Australia. It focuses on the writings of A. P. Elkin, using Paul Hasluck's utterances mainly insofar as they throw Elkin's arguments into sharper relief. While Hasluck's version of assimilation was based on the assumptions of liberal individualism, Elkin drew upon ideas of cultural progress and social anthropology (among other intellectual currents) to propound a less totalising form of assimilation, wherein the attainment of citizenship could be reconciled with the retention of Aboriginal identity and cultural distinctiveness. Even so, Elkin had misgivings about cultural diversity and insisted on the need for expert scientific management in attaining the recommended reconciliation.
The Return of the Ambush: ‘Raskolism’ in Rural Yangoru, East Sepik Province
Authors: Roscoe Paul 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTOver the last 15 years or so, ‘raskols’ have become a prominent feature of the cultural scene in Papua New Guinea and have prompted a number of academic studies, focussed mostly on urban crime. This paper documents and analyses a dramatic rise of raskolism in a rural setting, the Yangoru Subdistrict of the East Sepik Province. It seeks to describe how interactions between raskols and the population they exploit evolved, and it focusses on why Yangoru raskolism emerged when it did. Although a conjunction of rising material aspirations, failed economic programs, and the erosion of traditional and modern sanctions probably are important explanations, what seems critical to understanding this sudden rise in crime is the experience some young Yangoru men gained in raskol gangs in urban environments, experience that facilitated their recognition and exploitation of pre‐existing but hitherto unacknowledged weaknesses in the systems of control back home.
Tom's Tambu House: Spacing, Status and Sacredness in South Malakula, Vanuatu
Authors: Curtis Tim 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper is based on video footage I filmed in South Malakula in April 1996. It explores the case of Tom Moses, a man who claims to speak with God. He has constructed a house on the outskirts of Milip village which he has declared tambu, or taboo/sacred. Around it he envisions a new living space, following directions given to him from God. I argue that Tom's enterprise can be understood in terms of a spacing—status—sacredness nexus. This nexus is grounded in a pre‐Christian Malakulan sociality revolving around men's houses, ancestral worship and grade‐taking rituals. This takes place with a lived Christianity which in many contexts is expressed as a departure from kastom. As such, I argue that this ‘spatial’ analysis can help us understand dimensions of local human relationships which purely discursive analyses sometimes eclipse.
Tobacco, Good and Bad: Prosaics of Marijuana in a Sepik Society
Authors: Lipset David 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the Murik Lakes at the mouth of the Sepik River, young men debated middle‐aged and senior men about the moral value of marijuana, and the moral status of their community as a whole, as they did. In part, their discourse had been absorbed into perduring, but shifting, genres that preceded the arrival of the drug. On the one hand, it had been assimilated into precapitalist views of trade and several dimensions of conflict discourse. On the other, it had given rise to a combined, partly market‐based, partly kinship‐based view of intertribal trade, as well as to a secular predilection for the drug's perceived effects. Marijuana talk, according to Lipset, comprised an important forum in which Murik men engaged one another, not conclusively, but open‐endedly, in uneasy, nervous dialogue about the increasingly limited efficacy of male agency in postcolonial PNG.
DREAMS, LAKI, AND MOURNING: A Psychoanalytic Ethnography of the Yagwoia ‘Inner Feminine’
Authors: Mimica Jadran 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the first part of this study (Oceania, 76/1) I presented the general cosmo‐ontological background of Yagwoia (Papua New Guinea) dreaming and the fundamental dialectics of the contra‐sexual self‐identity of a conjugal couple (Tilm and QANG) manifest in their oneiric encounters. The second part (Oceania, 76/2) was focused on the man, QANG, and the vicissitudes of his soul's power to affect gambling outcomes. I showed that Yagwoia gambling exhibits its true characteristic as an extension and modification of the male‐exclusive domain of hunting, warfare, and the ceaseless in‐/ex‐corporation of the cosmic life‐death flow. In this third and Final part I deal with the vicissitudes of his favourite wife's presence in his life following her death whereby she became a spirit of the dead. Here my focus is on the practice and intersubjective dynamics of mourning, a process which with singular force realises the Yagwoia life‐world as an indissoluble socius of the living and the dead. It is in this context that the ethnographer also comes to experience and appreciate the palpability of spirits as the real denizens of the Yagwoia world.
Declining Inequality in Brazil in the 2000s: What is Hidden Behind?
Authors: Clementi Fabio , Schettino Francesco 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEver since the late 1990s, personal income inequality has shown a steady decrease in Brazil. Most of the investigations dealing with this issue rely essentially on summary measures of inequality, which may not capture all the relevant aspects of income distribution. Using the Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios data for 2001–2012, this paper applies ‘relative distribution’ methods to analyse changes that have occurred along the entire Brazilian household income distribution. Despite substantial reduction in inequality, we are able to document also increasing income polarization, especially by the mid‐2000s. Similar patterns are detected for different socio‐economic groups defined by covariates measured on the households. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Support vector regression for near‐field multifocused antenna arrays considering mutual coupling
Authors: Muñiz Jana Álvarez , Ayestarán Rafael G. , Laviada Jaime , Las‐Heras Fernando 
Published: February 2015

SummarySupport vector regression is proposed to obtain the coupling matrix that accounts for the real behavior of an antenna array in the near‐field multifocusing framework. The obtained model can then be easily included in this synthesis method in order to obtain the feeding weights which satisfy the radiation pattern requirements under real conditions. An example of the performance of support vector regression using information from method of moments is also provided to demonstrate the performance and accuracy of the technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.