bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cardiovascular Risk in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Hyland Kristen A. , Arnold Alice M. , Lee Jennifer S. , Cappola Anne R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Context:
Use of a single set of thyroid function tests to define subclinical hypothyroidism may lead to misclassification over time and could influence findings from longitudinal studies.

Objective:
We assessed the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and cardiovascular (CV) death in older adults with persistent subclinical hypothyroidism.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
The study included 679 subclinically hypothyroid and 4184 euthyroid U.S. individuals at least 65 yr old enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study and not taking thyroid preparations.

Main Outcome Measure:
We measured the 10-yr risk of incident CHD, HF, and CV death from persistent subclinical hypothyroidism, overall and stratified by degree of TSH elevation (4.5–6.9, 7.0–9.9, and 10.0–19.9 mU/liter).

Results:
There was no association between persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and incident CHD [hazard ratio (HR), 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.93–1.36], HF (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.97–1.27), or CV death (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.87–1.31) in adjusted analyses in which subclinical hypothyroidism was modeled as a time-varying exposure using up to four serial thyroid function tests. When subclinical hypothyroidism was stratified by degree of TSH elevation, no significant associations were found in any stratum. Findings were similar in fixed exposure analyses in which only participants with testing 2 yr apart were considered, with no association between persistent or transient subclinical hypothyroidism and incident CHD, HF, or CV death.

Conclusions:
Our data do not support increased risk of CHD, HF, or CV death in older adults with persistent subclinical hypothyroidism.
Cold acclimation increases mitochondrial oxidative capacity without inducing mitochondrial uncoupling in goldfish white skeletal muscle
Authors: Dos Santos Reinaldo Sousa , Galina Antonio , Da-Silva Wagner Seixas 
Published: November 2012

SummaryGoldfish have been used for cold acclimation studies, which have focused on changes in glycolytic and oxidative enzymes or alterations in lipid composition in skeletal muscle. Here we examine the effects of cold acclimation on the functional properties of isolated mitochondria and permeabilized fibers from goldfish white skeletal muscle, focusing on understanding the types of changes that occur in the mitochondrial respiratory states. We observed that cold acclimation promoted a significant increase in the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates. Western blot analysis showed that UCP3 was raised by ∼1.5-fold in cold-acclimated muscle mitochondria. Similarly, we also evidenced a rise in the adenine nucleotide translocase content in cold-acclimated muscle mitochondria compared to warm-acclimated mitochondria (0.96±0.05 vs 0.68±0.02 nmol carboxyatractyloside mg−1 protein). This was followed by a 2-fold increment in the citrate synthase activity, which suggests a higher mitochondrial content in cold-acclimated goldfish. Even with higher levels of UCP3 and ANT, the effects of activator (palmitate) and inhibitors (carboxyatractyloside and GDP) on mitochondrial parameters were similar in both warm- and cold-acclimated goldfish. Thus, we propose that cold acclimation in goldfish promotes an increase in functional oxidative capacity, with higher mitochondrial content without changes in the mitochondrial uncoupling pathways.
Suppressor mutations identify amino acids in PAA-1/PR65 that facilitate regulatory RSA-1/B″ subunit targeting of PP2A to centrosomes in C. elegans
Authors: Lange Karen I. , Heinrichs Jeffrey , Cheung Karen , Srayko Martin 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation is a key mechanism for the spatial and temporal regulation of many essential developmental processes and is especially prominent during mitosis. The multi-subunit protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) enzyme plays an important, yet poorly characterized role in dephosphorylating proteins during mitosis. PP2As are heterotrimeric complexes comprising a catalytic, structural, and regulatory subunit. Regulatory subunits are mutually exclusive and determine subcellular localization and substrate specificity of PP2A. At least 3 different classes of regulatory subunits exist (termed B, B′, B″) but there is no obvious similarity in primary sequence between these classes. Therefore, it is not known how these diverse regulatory subunits interact with the same holoenzyme to facilitate specific PP2A functions in vivo. The B″ family of regulatory subunits is the least understood because these proteins lack conserved structural domains. RSA-1 (regulator of spindle assembly) is a regulatory B″ subunit required for mitotic spindle assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans. In order to address how B″ subunits interact with the PP2A core enzyme, we focused on a conditional allele, rsa-1(or598ts), and determined that this mutation specifically disrupts the protein interaction between RSA-1 and the PP2A structural subunit, PAA-1. Through genetic screening, we identified a putative interface on the PAA-1 structural subunit that interacts with a defined region of RSA-1/B″. In the context of previously published results, these data propose a mechanism of how different PP2A B-regulatory subunit families can bind the same holoenzyme in a mutually exclusive manner, to perform specific tasks in vivo.
Characterization of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein granules formation and dynamics in Drosophila
Authors: Gareau Cristina , Martel David , Coudert Laetitia , Mellaoui Samia , Mazroui Rachid 
Published: November 2012

Summary
FMRP is an evolutionarily conserved protein that is highly expressed in neurons and its deficiency causes fragile X mental retardation syndrome. FMRP controls the translation of target mRNAs in part by promoting their dynamic transport in neuronal RNA granules. We have previously shown that high expression of mammalian FMRP induces formation of granules termed FMRP granules. These RNA granules are reminiscent of neuronal granules, of stress granules, as well as of the recently described in vitro-assembled granules. In contrast with mammalian FMRP, which has two paralog proteins, Drosophila FMRP (dFMRP) is encoded by a single gene that has no paralog. Using this genetically simple organism, we investigated formation and dynamics of FMRP granules. We found that increased expression of dFMRP in Drosophila cells induces the formation of dynamic dFMRP RNA granules. Mutagenesis studies identified the N-terminal protein–protein domain of dFMRP as a key determinant for FMRP granules formation. The RGG RNA binding motif of dFMRP is dispensable for dFMRP granules formation since its deletion does not prevent formation of those granules. Deletion of the RGG motif reduced, however, dFMRP trafficking between FMRP granules and the cytosol. Similarly, deletion of a large part of the KH RNA binding motif of dFMRP had no effect on formation of dFMRP-granules, but diminished the shuttling activity of dFMRP. Our results thus suggest that the mechanisms controlling formation of RNA granules and those promoting their dynamics are uncoupled. This study opens new avenues to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms controlling FMRP trafficking with its associated mRNAs in and out of RNA granules.
Obesity improves myocardial ischaemic tolerance and RISK signalling in insulin-insensitive rats
Authors: Donner Daniel , Headrick John P. , Peart Jason N. , Du Toit Eugene F. 
Published: November 2012

Summary
Obesity with associated metabolic disturbances worsens ischaemic heart disease outcomes, and rodent studies confirm that obesity with insulin-resistance impairs myocardial resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury. However, the effects of obesity per se are unclear, with some evidence for paradoxic cardioprotection (particularly in older subjects). We tested the impact of dietary obesity on I-R tolerance and reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) signalling in hearts from middle-aged (10 months old) insulin-insensitive rats. Hearts from Wistar rats on either a 32-week control (CD) or high carbohydrate obesogenic (OB) diet were assessed for I-R resistance in vivo (45 minutes left anterior descending artery occlusion and 120 minutes reperfusion) and ex vivo (25 minutes ischemia and 60 minutes reperfusion). Expression and δ-opioid receptor (δ-OR) phospho-regulation of pro-survival (Akt/PKB, Erk1/2, eNOS) and pro-injury (GSK3β) enzymes were also examined. OB rats were heavier (764±25 versus 657±22 g for CD; P&lt;0.05), hyperleptinaemic (11.1±0.7 versus 5.0±0.7 for CD; P&lt;0.01) and comparably insulin-insensitive (HOMA-IR of 63.2±3.3 versus 63.2±1.6 for CD). In vivo infarction was more than halved in OB (20±3%) versus CD rats (45±6% P&lt;0.05), as was post-ischaemic lactate dehydrogenase efflux (0.4±0.3 mU/ml versus 5.6±0.5 mU/ml; P&lt;0.02) and ex vivo contractile dysfunction (62±2% versus 44±6% recovery of ventricular force; P&lt;0.05). OB hearts exhibited up to 60% higher Akt expression, with increased phosphorylation of eNOS (+100%), GSK3β (+45%) and Erk1/2 (+15%). Pre-ischaemic δ-OR agonism with BW373U86 improved recoveries in CD hearts in association with phosphorylation of Akt (+40%), eNOS (+75%) and GSK3β (+30%), yet failed to further enhance RISK-NOS activation or I-R outcomes in OB hearts. In summary, dietary obesity in the context of age-related insulin-insensitivity paradoxically improves myocardial I-R tolerance, in association with moderate hyperleptinaemic and enhanced RISK expression and phospho-regulation. However, OB hearts are resistant to further RISK modulation and cardioprotection via acute δ-OR agonism.
Actitudes y prejuicios de los castellanohablantes hacia el euskera. Esti Amorrortu, Ane Ortega, Itziar Idiazabal, Andoni Barreña (2009)
Authors: González Pascual Iago 
Published: November 2012

Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia - Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco. Pp. 353. ISBN 978-84-457-3029-4
Identidad y pluricentrismo lingüístico. Hablantes canarios frente a la estandarización. Laura Morgenthaler García (2008)
Authors: Lucena Torres Enrique 
Published: November 2012

Madrid y Frankfurt : Iberoamericana y Vervuert. Pp. 421. ISBN: 978-84-8489-298-4/978-3-86527-320-8
The Combined Effect of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Diabetes on Cardiovascular Mortality
Authors: Moe Børge , Eilertsen Eivin , Nilsen Tom I.L. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine if leisure-time physical activity could cancel out the adverse effect of diabetes on cardiovascular mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study prospectively examined the combined effect of clinical diabetes and reported leisure-time physical activity on cardiovascular mortality. Data on 53,587 Norwegian men and women participating in the population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study (1995–1997) were linked with the Cause of Death Registry at Statistics Norway.

RESULTS
Overall, 1,716 people died of cardiovascular disease during follow-up through 2008. Compared with the reference group of 3,077 physically inactive people without diabetes, 121 inactive people with diabetes had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.81 (95% CI 1.93–4.07). The HR (95% CI) among people who reported ≥3 h of light activity per week was 0.89 (0.48–1.63) if they had diabetes (n = 403) and 0.78 (0.63–0.96) if they did not (n = 17,714). Analyses stratified by total activity level showed a gradually weaker association of diabetes with mortality with increasing activity level (Pinteraction = 0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
The data suggest that even modest physical activity may cancel out the adverse impact of diabetes on cardiovascular mortality.
Long-Term Changes in Adiposity and Glycemic Control Are Associated With Past Adenovirus Infection
Authors: Lin Wan-Yu , Dubuisson Olga , Rubicz Rohina , Liu Nianjun , Allison David B. , Curran Joanne E. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Blangero John , Leach Charles T. , Göring Harald , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE
Ad36, a human adenovirus, increases adiposity but improves glycemic control in animal models. Similarly, natural Ad36 infection is cross-sectionally associated with greater adiposity and better glycemic control in humans. This study compared longitudinal observations in indices of adiposity (BMI and body fat percentage) and glycemic control (fasting glucose and insulin) in Ad36-infected versus uninfected adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Baseline sera from Hispanic men and women (n = 1,400) were screened post hoc for the presence of Ad36-specific antibodies. Indices of adiposity and glycemic control at baseline and at ∼10 years past the baseline were compared between seropositive and seronegative subjects, with adjustment for age and sex. In addition to age and sex, indices of glycemic control were adjusted for baseline BMI and were analyzed only for nondiabetic subjects.

RESULTS
Seropositive subjects (14.5%) had greater adiposity at baseline, compared with seronegative subjects. Longitudinally, seropositive subjects showed greater adiposity indices but lower fasting insulin levels. Subgroup analyses revealed that Ad36-seropositivity was associated with better baseline glycemic control and lower fasting insulin levels over time in the normal-weight group (BMI ≤25 kg/m2) and longitudinally, with greater adiposity in the overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2) and obese (BMI &gt;30 kg/m2) men. Statistically, the differences between seropositive and seronegative individuals were modest in light of the multiple tests performed.

CONCLUSIONS
This study strengthens the plausibility that in humans, Ad36 increases adiposity and attenuates deterioration of glycemic control. Panoptically, the study raises the possibility that certain infections may modulate obesity or diabetes risk. A comprehensive understanding of these under-recognized factors is needed to effectively combat such metabolic disorders.
Fixed points for cyclic orbital generalized contractions on complete metric spaces
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Romaguera Salvador , Taş Kenan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe prove a fixed point theorem for cyclic orbital generalized contractions on complete metric spaces from which we deduce, among other results, generalized cyclic versions of the celebrated Boyd and Wong fixed point theorem, and Matkowski fixed point theorem. This is done by adapting to the cyclic framework a condition of Meir-Keeler type discussed in [Jachymski J., Equivalent conditions and the Meir-Keeler type theorems, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 1995, 194(1), 293–303]. Our results generalize some theorems of Kirk, Srinavasan and Veeramani, and of Karpagam and Agrawal.
Optomechanical effects in superfluid properties of BEC in an optical lattice
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Bhattacherjee Aranya , Mohan Man 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate the effects of a movable mirror (cantilever) of an optical cavity on the superfluid properties and the Mott phase boundary of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an optical lattice. The Bloch energy, effective mass, Bogoliubov energy and the superfluid fraction are modified due to the mirror motion. The mirror motion is also found to modify the Mott-superfluid phase boundaries. This study reveals that the mirror emerges as a new handle to coherently control the superfluid properties of the BEC.
Characterization of CaTi0.9Fe0.1O3/La0.98Mg0.02NbO4 composite
Authors: Mielewczyk-Gryn Aleksandra , Lendze Tomasz , Gdula-Kasica Katarzyna , Jasinski Piotr , Krupa Andrzej , Kusz Boguslaw , Gazda Maria 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A composite of CaTi0.9Fe0.1O3 and electrolyte material, i.e. magnesium doped La0.98Mg0.02NbO4 was prepared and studied. The phase content and the sample microstructure was examined by an X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscopy. EDS measurements were done both for composite samples and the diffusion couple. The electrical properties were studied by four terminal DC method. The high-temperature interaction between the two components of the composite has been observed. It has been suggested that lanthanum diffused into the perovskite phase and substituted for calcium whereas calcium and niobium formed the Ca2Nb2O7 pyrochlore phase. At 1500°C very large crystallites of the pyrochlore were observed. Regardless of strong interaction between the composite components, its total conductivity was weakly dependent on the sintering temperature.
An eighth-order KdV-type equation in (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions: multiple soliton solutions
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this work we study an eighth-order KdV-type equations in (1+1) and (2+1) dimensions. The new equations are derived from the KdV6 hierarchy. We show that these equations give multiple soliton solutions the same as the multiple soliton solutions of the KdV6 hierarchy except for the dispersion relations.
An efficient algorithm for function optimization: modified stem cells algorithm
Authors: Taherdangkoo Mohammad , Paziresh Mahsa , Yazdi Mehran , Bagheri Mohammad 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm based on the intelligent behavior of stem cell swarms in reproduction and self-organization. Optimization algorithms, such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm, can give solutions to linear and non-linear problems near to the optimum for many applications; however, in some case, they can suffer from becoming trapped in local optima. The Stem Cells Algorithm (SCA) is an optimization algorithm inspired by the natural behavior of stem cells in evolving themselves into new and improved cells. The SCA avoids the local optima problem successfully. In this paper, we have made small changes in the implementation of this algorithm to obtain improved performance over previous versions. Using a series of benchmark functions, we assess the performance of the proposed algorithm and compare it with that of the other aforementioned optimization algorithms. The obtained results prove the superiority of the Modified Stem Cells Algorithm (MSCA).
Market Survey and Analysis of Packaging Information Provided by Different Pharmaceutical Companies of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Shibtosh , Pal Arindom , Sultana Jesmin 
Published: November 2012

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or not the pharmaceutical companies of Bangladesh are providing all the necessary information and instructions in the packaging materials of pharmaceutical products which are available in Bangladesh. With this aim, the sample of secondary packaging material (cartons, labels, inserts or direction slips) of a total 150 products (from 50 generics) marketed by 15 pharmaceutical companies have been selected and were collected from different medical stores of Dhaka city. The packaging materials of the collected samples were then evaluated based on various regulatory and clinical parameters. It was found that some of the packaging materials of these selected pharmaceutical products lack several important information in terms of clinical and regulatory parameters which limits the quality of these packaging materials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v15i2.12585 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 15(2): 165-169, 2012
L’anglais de spécialité en chimie organique : entre indétermination terminologique et multidimensionnalité
Authors: Peraldi Sandrine 
Published: November 2012

Cet article porte sur une langue de spécialité relativement peu étudiée en anglais : celle de la chimie organique. Le discours de spécialité chimique est analysé à travers la mise en évidence de deux phénomènes linguistiques également méconnus : l’indétermination terminologique et la multidimensionnalité dans les sciences exactes. En effet, malgré la présence d’une nomenclature en chimie, une exploration textuelle outillée d’un double corpus, associée à une analyse componentielle revisitée des énoncés définitoires de certains termes clés a permis d’établir clairement que ces derniers étaient non seulement imprécis, mais qu’ils ne se prêtaient pas à une approche conceptuelle et logique des unités linguistiques. L’auteur montre également que cette indétermination est partiellement compensée par une très forte créativité lexicale, une structuration conceptuelle extrêmement dense et une construction sémantique des termes par incrémentation. Néanmoins, ce fonctionnement par stratification est également à l’origine de la multidimensionnalité latente du domaine et donc des nombreuses difficultés de classification et de représentation notionnelles de la discipline.
The Capsular Polysaccharide Vi from Salmonella Typhi Is a B1b Antigen
Authors: Marshall Jennifer L. , Flores-Langarica Adriana , Kingsley Robert A. , Hitchcock Jessica R. , Ross Ewan A. , López-Macías Constantino , Lakey Jeremy , Martin Laura B. , Toellner Kai-Michael , MacLennan Calman A. , MacLennan Ian C. , Henderson Ian R. , Dougan Gordon , Cunningham Adam F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Vaccination with purified capsular polysaccharide Vi Ag from Salmonella typhi can protect against typhoid fever, although the mechanism for its efficacy is not clearly established. In this study, we have characterized the B cell response to this vaccine in wild-type and T cell–deficient mice. We show that immunization with typhoid vi polysaccharide vaccine rapidly induces proliferation in B1b peritoneal cells, but not in B1a cells or marginal zone B cells. This induction of B1b proliferation is concomitant with the detection of splenic Vi-specific Ab-secreting cells and protective Ab in Rag1-deficient B1b cell chimeras generated by adoptive transfer-induced specific Ab after Vi immunization. Furthermore, Ab derived from peritoneal B cells is sufficient to confer protection against Salmonella that express Vi Ag. Expression of Vi by Salmonella during infection did not inhibit the development of early Ab responses to non-Vi Ags. Despite this, the protection conferred by immunization of mice with porin proteins from Salmonella, which induce Ab-mediated protection, was reduced postinfection with Vi-expressing Salmonella, although protection was not totally abrogated. This work therefore suggests that, in mice, B1b cells contribute to the protection induced by Vi Ag, and targeting non-Vi Ags as subunit vaccines may offer an attractive strategy to augment current Vi-based vaccine strategies.