bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Prevalence of Breastfeeding Initiation within the First Hour of Life in a Rural Area of Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Tang Li , Binns Colin W. , Lee Andy H. , Pan Xiaoping , Chen Shu , Yu Chuan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization recommends that newborn infants be breastfed within the first hour of life, a practice that improves infant health and reduces neonatal mortality. The objectives of this study were to report the rate of breastfeeding initiation within 1 hour of birth in Jiangyou, China, to determine its impact on “full breastfeeding” at discharge, and to investigate factors associated with early breastfeeding initiation.MethodsA prospective cohort study of infant feeding practices was undertaken during 2010 and 2011 in Jiangyou, 2 years after an earthquake caused extensive damage. A total of 695 mothers were recruited from hospitals and health centers and interviewed at discharge.ResultsIn this study, 9.1 percent of women began breastfeeding within 1 hour postpartum. Mothers who initiated breastfeeding early were more likely to be fully breastfeeding at discharge (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.23–3.60). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that giving birth at a health center was associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.04–0.32), whereas attending antenatal classes (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.36–4.87) and receiving encouragement from hospital staff to initiate breastfeeding (OR 5.60, 95% CI 2.31–13.55) were correlated with putting the baby to the breast soon after delivery.ConclusionsEarly breastfeeding initiation rate was low and the use of prelacteal foods was widespread in Jiangyou. Early breastfeeding initiation was associated with higher “full breastfeeding” rates at discharge. It is important to educate doctors and nurses to assist mothers with early breastfeeding initiation and to discourage the use of non‐breastmilk prelacteal feeds. (BIRTH 40:2 June 2013)
Sildenafil citrate improves erectile function after castration in a rat model
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Verma Nipun , Deveci Serkan , Tal Raanan , Kobylarz Keith , Müller Alexander 
Published: June 2013

Take Home MessageThe administration of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor commencing at the time of castration might preserve erectile function.Objective
To determine if sildenafil citrate treatment could improve erectile function after castration.
To determine if sildenafil citrate treatment reduces collagenisation and apoptosis in erectile tissue after castration.
Materials and Methods
In all, 60 Sprague‐Dawley rats were studied; the rats were divided into the following groups: sham – no orchidectomy (S), control – orchidectomy only (O) and treatment – orchidectomy plus sildenafil treatment (V), with 10 rats per group.
Erectile haemodynamics assessment was done at 7 days (S7, O7, V7) and at 28 days (S28, O28, V28) yielding a total of six groupings.
Functional assessment measured the mean maximum intracavernosal pressure–mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) ratio. TUNEL assay was used to define apoptotic indices (AIs) and Masson's trichrome staining was used to evaluate smooth muscle–collagen (SM–C) ratios.
Results
The S28 group had the highest and the O7 group the lowest ICP/MAP ratio, at a mean (sd) of 70 (6)% and 36 (6)%, respectively. Both treatment groups, V7 [42 (12)%] and V28 [49 (13)%] showed statistically significant improvements over their corresponding control groups: O7 [36 (6)%] and O28 [37 (9)%] (P < 0.05). However, ICP/MAP values for V7 and V28 remained significantly below the S28 group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in ICP/MAP values between the 28‐day and 7‐day ICP/MAP ratios within each group (S, O, V).
There were no significant differences in SM–C ratio between the O and V groups (O7 vs V7, P = 0.45; O28 vs V28, P = 0.16).
There were no significant differences in AIs between the O and V groups (O7 vs V7, P = 0.54; O28 vs V28, P = 0.8).
Conclusions
Daily treatment with sildenafil improved erectile function in rats after castration. ICP/MAP ratios increased significantly in the treatment groups compared with the control groups with the greatest erectile function occurring 28 days from administration.
In this series of experiments the improved erectile function recovery with sildenafil after surgical castration cannot be explained by smooth muscle protection and decreased collagenisation.
The improved erectile function with sildenafil after surgical castration cannot be explained by reduced apoptosis in erectile tissue.
Comparison of candidate scaffolds for tissue engineering for stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse repair
Authors: Mangera Altaf , Bullock Anthony J. , Roman Sabiniano , Chapple Christopher R. , MacNeil Sheila 
Published: June 2013

Objectives
To identify candidate materials which have sufficient potential to be taken forward for an in vivo tissue‐engineering approach to restoring the tissue structure of the pelvic floor in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or pelvic organ prolapse (POP).
Materials and Methods
Oral mucosal fibroblasts were seeded onto seven different scaffold materials, AlloDerm ( LifeCell Corp., Branchburg, NJ, USA), cadaveric dermis, porcine dermis, polypropylene, sheep forestomach, porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) and thermoannealed poly(L) lactic acid (PLA) under both free and restrained conditions.
The scaffolds were assessed for: cell attachment using AlamarBlue and 4,6‐diamidino‐2phenylindole (DAPI); contraction using serial photographs; and extracellular matrix production using Sirius red staining, immunostaining and scanning electron microscopy.
Finally the biomechanical properties of all the scaffolds were assessed.
Results
Of the seven, there were two biodegradable scaffolds, synthetic PLA and natural SIS, which supported good cell attachment and proliferation.
Immunostaining confirmed the presence of collagen I, III and elastin which was highest in SIS and PLA.
The mechanical properties of PLA were closest to native tissue with an ultimate tensile strength of 0.72 ± 0.18 MPa, ultimate tensile strain 0.53 ± 0.16 and Young's modulus 4.5 ± 2.9 MPa.
Scaffold restraint did not have a significant impact on the above properties in the best scaffolds.
Conclusion
These data support both PLA and SIS as good candidate materials for use in making a tissue‐engineered repair material for SUI or POP.
Mucosal inflammation and incidence of crestal bone loss among implant patients: a 10‐year study
Authors: Cecchinato Denis , Parpaiola Andrea , Lindhe Jan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this prospective study was to determine the prevalence and incidence of marginal bone loss and, in addition, peri‐implantitis in subjects and implant sites after 10 years in function.Material and MethodsOne hundred and thirty‐three subjects with a total of 407 implants that had been in function for about 5 years attended a follow‐up visit in 2007 (visit 2; V2). 100 of the 133 subjects returned for a new clinical and radiographic examination in 2012 (visit 3; V3). The clinical examination included assessment of “bleeding on probing” (BoP+) and “probing pocket depth.” Subjects with implant sites that in the radiograph exhibited crater‐shaped marginal bone loss of >0.5 mm were identified as losers.ResultsDuring the interval between V2 and V3 (about 5 years), 13 implants in 7 subjects exhibited progressive bone loss and were removed. The overall amount of crestal bone loss that had occurred at the remaining implants between visit 1 (V1; ≥1 year of loading) and V3 (10 years) was small (0.36 ± 1.4 mm). The bone‐level reduction was twice as great between V2 and V3 as between V1 and V2. Forty subjects and 75 (26%) implant sites exhibited marginal bone loss of >0.5 mm between V1 and V3. In the interval between V2 and V3, 37 new implant sites lost significant amounts of bone. During the entire 10‐year period (V1–V3), 12% of patients and 5% of implants displayed signs of peri‐implantitis (bone loss >0.5 mm, BoP+, PPD ≥6 mm), while in the V2–V3 interval, the corresponding numbers were 10% (patients) and 4% (implant sites).ConclusionSites with marginal bone loss of ≥1 mm were not common among implant patients. Peri‐implantitis occurred in about 10% of patients and 4% of implant sites.
Effects of Coffee Management on Deforestation Rates and Forest Integrity
Authors: HYLANDER KRISTOFFER , NEMOMISSA SILESHI , DELRUE JOSEFIEN , ENKOSA WOLDEYOHANNES 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKnowledge about how forest margins are utilized can be crucial for a general understanding of changes in forest cover, forest structure, and biodiversity across landscapes. We studied forest‐agriculture transitions in southwestern Ethiopia and hypothesized that the presence of coffee (Coffea arabica)decreases deforestation rates because of coffee's importance to local economies and its widespread occurrence in forests and forest margins. Using satellite images and elevation data, we compared changes in forest cover over 37 years (1973–2010) across elevations in 2 forest‐agriculture mosaic landscapes (1100 km2 around Bonga and 3000 km2 in Goma‐Gera). In the field in the Bonga area, we determined coffee cover and forest structure in 40 forest margins that differed in time since deforestation. Both the absolute and relative deforestation rates were lower at coffee‐growing elevations compared with at higher elevations (−10/20% vs. −40/50% comparing relative rates at 1800 m asl and 2300–2500 m asl, respectively). Within the coffee‐growing elevation, the proportion of sites with high coffee cover (>20%) was significantly higher in stable margins (42% of sites that had been in the same location for the entire period) than in recently changed margins (0% of sites where expansion of annual crops had changed the margin). Disturbance level and forest structure did not differ between sites with 30% or 3% coffee. However, a growing body of literature on gradients of coffee management in Ethiopia reports coffee's negative effects on abundances of forest‐specialist species. Even if the presence of coffee slows down the conversion of forest to annual‐crop agriculture, there is a risk that an intensification of coffee management will still threaten forest biodiversity, including the genetic diversity of wild coffee. Conservation policy for Ethiopian forests thus needs to develop strategies that acknowledge that forests without coffee production may have higher deforestation risks than forests with coffee production and that forests with coffee production often have lower biodiversity value.Efectos de la Administración Cafetalera sobre las Tasas de Deforestación y la Integridad de los Bosques
Rosette‐like structures in the spectrum of spitzoid tumors
Authors: Arps David P. , Harms Paul W. , Chan May P. , Fullen Douglas R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSpitz nevi demonstrate a diverse spectrum of morphologies. Recently, there have been two reported examples of Spitz nevi with rosette‐like structures similar to Homer‐Wright rosettes. Rosettes have also been described in melanomas and in a proliferative nodule arising in a congenital nevus.MethodsA retrospective review of 104 cases of Spitz nevi and variants (n = 51), pigmented spindle cell nevi (n = 26), combined melanocytic nevi with features of Spitz (n = 8), atypical Spitz tumor (AST, n = 9), and spitzoid melanoma (n = 10).ResultsRosette‐like structures were present in 3 of the 104 cases (2.9%), including a compound Spitz nevus, a desmoplastic Spitz nevus, and an AST. All three cases demonstrated several foci of small nests of epithelioid cells with peripherally palisaded nuclei arranged around a central area of fibrillar eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining of the three spitzoid lesions demonstrated that the rosette‐like structures express S100 protein, Melan‐A, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) and lacked expression of neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein and synaptophysin.ConclusionsWhile uncommon, rosette‐like structures can occur as a focal feature in Spitz nevi and AST. Rosette‐like structures may represent a normal morphologic finding in Spitz nevi, and awareness of them may prevent misdiagnosis as a neural tumor or melanoma.
Capillaroscopy of toes
Authors: Jung Peter , Trautinger Franz 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundNailfold capillaroscopy of fingers is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring of collagen‐vascular diseases. However, little is known about capillaroscopy of toes.Patients and methodsCapillaroscopy of the first and second toe was performed in 50 healthy volunteers and 67 patients with chronic venous insufficiency (n = 22), peripheral arterial diseases (n = 24) and collagen‐vascular diseases (n = 21) with a capillaroscope under oil immersion with non‐polarized light and 50‐fold magnification.ResultsCapillary density of toes (5–9/mm) was reduced compared to fingers (7–11/mm).In contrast to fingers, capillaries of toes show a higher degree of variability. In addition to the classic parallel hairpin form, one may also find tortuous capillaries, ramifications, elongations and capillary bundles. Little difference was noted between patients with vascular and collagen‐vascular diseases as compared to volunteers. More ramifications were observed in peripheral arterial diseases and more capillary bundles were seen in collagen‐vascular diseases. Pathological patterns such as megacapillaries, avascular areas and hemorrhages were not seen in toes.ConclusionsThe physiological capillary pattern differs between fingers and toes. The detected pathologic alterations in vascular and collagen‐vascular diseases have to be confirmed in further studies.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐coactivator‐1 alpha coordinates sphingolipid metabolism, lipid raft composition and myelin protein synthesis
Authors: Camacho Alberto , Huang Jeffrey K. , Delint‐Ramirez Ilse , Yew Tan Chong , Fuller Maria , Lelliott Christopher J. , Vidal‐Puig Antonio , Franklin Robin J. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma‐coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC1a) is involved in energy and lipid metabolism, and its loss leads to neurodegenerative changes in the striatum. Here we performed lipidomic analysis on brain extracts from PGC1a mutant and wild‐type mice. We found increased phosphatidylcholine and decreased ceramides in the brain of PGC1a‐deficient mice. An analysis of lipid raft fractions revealed increased ceramide, glucocylceramides and GM1 ganglioside in the PGC1a mutants. In the cerebellum, we observed a decrease in proteins associated with myelination, but were unable to detect any morphological abnormalities in compact myelin formation in PGC1a mutants compared with wild‐type mice. Although PGC1a is involved in lipid biosynthesis, we concluded that altered lipid composition in the PGC1a mutant did not directly affect central nervous system myelin morphology.
Nationwide survey in Japan regarding splenectomy/partial splenic embolization for interferon treatment targeting hepatitis C virus‐related chronic liver disease in patients with low platelet count
Authors: Ikeda Naoto , Imanishi Hiroyasu , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Tanaka Hironori , Iwata Yoshinori , Enomoto Hirayuki , Saito Masaki , Iijima Hiroko , Iimuro Yuji , Fujimoto Jiro , Yamamoto Satoshi , Hirota Shozo , Kudo Masatoshi , Arii Shigeki , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: June 2013

AimIn chronic liver disease associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a low platelet count is a major obstacle in carrying out interferon (IFN) treatment. We used a questionnaire to clarify the extent to which splenectomy/partial splenic embolization (PSE) is performed before IFN treatment, as well as the efficacy and complications thereof.MethodsTwo questionnaires were distributed to 413 medical institutes in Japan specializing in the treatment of liver diseases, and responses were obtained from 204 institutes. Furthermore, a more detailed questionnaire was completed by 10 institutes that experienced cases of death.ResultsIn patients with HCV genotype 1b and a high viral load (HCV1b/High), the sustained viral response (SVR) rate was 28% for the splenectomy group and 22% for the PSE group, with no significant difference between these groups. In patients that were not HCV1b/High, the SVR rate was higher in those that underwent splenectomy (71%) compared to the PSE group (56%; P = 0.025). There were cases of death in seven of 799 splenectomy cases (0.89%) and four of 474 PSE cases (0.84%). Infectious diseases were involved in nine of 11 cases of death, with a peculiar patient background of Child–Pugh B (6/10) and an age of 60 years or greater (7/11).ConclusionThe application of splenectomy/PSE before IFN treatment should be avoided in patients with poor residual hepatic function and/or elderly patients. In HCV1b/High patients, splenectomy/PSE should be performed only after selecting those in which IFN treatment should be highly effective.
Strong Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence Emission of (003)‐Oriented MgTiO3 Thin Films
Authors: Ho Yi‐Da , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: June 2013

In this study, ilmenite‐MgTiO3 films were sputtered on p‐type Si(111) substrates and the extrinsic effects, such as grain size, crystallinity, and orientation of photoluminescence (PL) properties of the films are discussed. To reduce the effect of oxygen vacancies (act as shallow defects) on PL emissions in the films, oxygen (O2) was introduced as the sputtering gas and the excitation light source (λ = 532 nm) which has a corresponding energy (hν = 2.33 eV) below the shallow defect states was used. In this study, intense near‐infrared (NIR) PL emission centered at 810.1 nm at room temperature can be observed when the MgTiO3 thin films exhibit the preferred (003)‐orientation and accompanied by the presence of hexagon‐shaped grains. In this study, the experiment results reveal that the NIR emission intensity of MgTiO3 films highly depend on crystal orientation and/or grain morphology.
High–Energy‐Storage Density Capacitors of Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3–PbTiO3 Thin Films with Good Temperature Stability
Authors: Xie Zhenkun , Peng Bin , Meng Siqin , Zhou Yuanyuan , Yue Zhenxing 
Published: June 2013

High–energy‐storage density capacitors with thin films of 0.5Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3–0.5PbTiO3 (BNT–PT) were fabricated by chemical solution deposition technique on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates. The dense thin films with pure‐phase perovskite structure could be obtained by annealing at 750°C. High capacitance density (~1925 nF/cm2 at 1 kHz) and extremely high‐energy density (~45.1 J/cm3) under an electric field of 2250 kV/cm were achieved at room temperature. The energy‐storage density and efficiency varied little in a wide temperature range from −190°C to 250°C. The high–energy‐storage density and good temperature stability make BNT–PT films promising candidates for high power electric applications.
Insight into Metastable Lifetime of α‐Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in CaCl2 Solution
Authors: Jiang Guangming , Mao Jingwei , Fu Hailu , Zhou Xu , Guan Baohong 
Published: June 2013

Alpha calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α‐HH), an important kind of cementitious material, is a metastable phase in CaSO4–H2O system. In CaCl2 solution, thermodynamic metastable window for α‐HH preparation from calcium sulfate dihydrate is constructed as a function of CaCl2 concentration (0–4.0m) and temperature (60°C–130°C), and then the metastability of α‐HH is characterized by the metastable lifetime (MLT). As the concentration of CaCl2 is raised from 1.5 to 4.0m and temperature from 80°C to 110°C, MLT of α‐HH decreases gradually from 2920 to 60 min. The reducing effect of CaCl2 on MLT arises from its contribution to lowering the total interfacial Gibbs free energy required for the subsequent phase transition of α‐HH to anhydrite, the thermodynamic stable phase. This work establishes a method to evaluate the phase metastability and provides a potential approach to optimize the reaction time in metastable material synthesis according to the MLT value for purity control.
Development of an instrument to measure the degree of critical patient's satisfaction with nursing care: research protocol
Authors: De‐La‐Cueva‐Ariza Laura , Romero‐García Marta , Delgado‐Hito Pilar , Acosta‐Mejuto Belén , Jover‐Sancho Carme , Ricart‐Basagaña Mª Teresa , Juandó‐Prats Clara , Solà‐Solé Natalia , Solà‐Ribó Montserrat 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate and understand patient's satisfaction with nursing care in the intensive care unit to identify the dimensions of the concept of ‘satisfaction’ from the patient's point of view. To design and validate a questionnaire that measures satisfaction levels in critical patients.BackgroundThere are many instruments capable of measuring satisfaction with nursing care; however, they do not address the reality for critical patients nor are they applicable in our context.DesignA dual approach study comprising: a qualitative phase employing Grounded Theory and a quantitative and descriptive phase to prepare and validate the questionnaire.MethodsData collection in the qualitative phase will consist of: in‐depth interview after theoretical sampling, on‐site diary and expert discussion group. The sample size will depend on the expected theoretical saturation n = 27–36. Analysis will be based on Grounded Theory. For the quantitative phase, the sampling will be based on convenience (n = 200). A questionnaire will be designed on the basis of qualitative data. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used. The validation will be developed on the basis of the validity of the content, the criteria of the construct and reliability of the instrument by the Cronbach's alpha and test–retest approach. Approval date for this protocol was November 2010.DiscussionSelf‐perceptions, beliefs, experiences, demographic, socio‐cultural epistemological and political factors are determinants for satisfaction, and these should be taken into account when compiling a questionnaire on satisfaction with nursing care among critical patients.
Efficacy of cosmetic products in cellulite reduction: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Turati F. , Pelucchi C. , Marzatico F. , Ferraroni M. , Decarli A. , Gallus S. , La Vecchia C. , Galeone C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe number of original articles investigating the efficacy of cosmetic products in cellulite reduction increased rapidly in the last decade; however, to our knowledge, no systematic review and meta‐analysis has been performed so far.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review of in vivo studies on humans adopting the PRISMA guidelines. Moreover, we used a meta‐analytic approach to estimate the overall effect of cosmetic creams in cellulite treatment from controlled trials with more than 10 patients per arm, using thigh circumference reduction as the outcome measure.MethodsMedline and Embase were searched up to August 2012 to identify eligible studies.ResultsTwenty‐one original studies were included in the present systematic review. All studies were clinical trials, most of them recruited women only and 67% had an intra‐patient study design. About half of the active cosmetic creams tested only contained one active ingredient among xanthenes, herbals or retinoids. The other studies tested cosmetic creams with more complex formulations and most of them included xanthenes. A total of seven controlled trials satisfied the inclusion criteria for the meta‐analysis. The pooled mean difference of thigh circumference reduction between the treated and the controlled group was −0.46 cm (95% confidence intervals, CI: −0.85, −0.08), with significant heterogeneity between studies (P < 0.001).ConclusionThis article provides a systematic evaluation of the scientific evidence of the efficacy of cosmetic products in cellulite reduction and supports a moderate efficacy in thigh circumference reduction.