bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phenomenological Study of Music Education Majors’ Identity Development in Methods Courses Outside Their Areas of Focus
Authors: Parker Elizabeth Cassidy , Powell Sean R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore music education majors’ identity development within the context of two music education methods courses. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory as a lens, two music teacher educators examined the experiences of vocal music education majors enrolled in an instrumental methods course and instrumental music education majors enrolled in a choral methods course (15 total participants). Data collection included participant interviews, peer teaching self-reflections, field experience journals, and researcher field notes. Data analysis included epoché, phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis. Findings indicated while participants remained invested in initial identities created as early musicians, university contexts helped dimensionalize and expand their self-definition. Every participant articulated a greater appreciation for music education contexts outside of his/her area of focus. Implications for music education majors who perform on multiple instruments and musicians who frequently perform outside of traditional contexts are also discussed.
Srovnávací analýza typů nonverbálních prvků v současných českých a německých učebnicích školní geografie
Authors: Janko Tomáš 
Published: May 2015

Studie usiluje o porovnání aktuálních českých a německých učebnic školní geografie z hlediska zastoupení typů nonverbálních prvků a interpretaci zjištění vzhledem k cílovému zaměření daného vyučovacího předmětu. Nejdříve je v obecné rovině poukazováno na okolnosti, s nimiž se učebnice školní geografie musejí vypořádávat v souvislosti s transformováním stále komplexnějších geografických poznatků. Následně je v teoretické rovině objasňována pozice, již v tomto ohledu zaujímají nonverbální prvky (obrazová složka učebnic). Výklad se opírá o teorii učebnic a koncept reprezentace učiva. Představeny jsou také cílové domény školní geografie, které současně slouží jako interpretační rámec pro výzkumná zjištění. Studie byla realizována jako obsahová analýza 2 českých a 2 německých učebnic školní geografie (ISCED 2), ve kterých bylo analyzováno celkem 1140 nonverbálních prvků. Výsledky studie naznačují, že v českých učebnicích školní geografie stále dominují obrazové typy nonverbálních prvků. Naproti tomu v německých učebnicích školní geografie lze zastoupení typů nonverbálních prvků hodnotit jako vyvážené. Ukazuje se tak, že v aktuálních českých učebnicích, na rozdíl od německých, i nadále převažují především nonverbální prvky, které jako didaktické prostředky odkazují spíše k afektivní cílové doméně. Žáky motivují k emocionálním prožitkům, ale samy o sobě nemusejí vybízet k hlubšímu interagování se vzdělávacími obsahy.
Výchova ke zdraví v učebnicích 1. stupně ZŠ: výsledky analýzy didaktického aparátu učebnic prvouky/přírodovědy
Authors: Hrozová Markéta 
Published: May 2015

Cílem empirické studie je prezentace výsledků obsahové analýzy didaktického aparátu učebnic a cvičebnic školního vzdělávacího předmětu prvouka/přírodověda určených pro žáky 1. stupně základních škol z hlediska jejich zaměření na výchovu ke zdraví. V první části studie prezentujeme teoretický základ našeho výzkumu, který spočíval ve vymezení analytických kategorií vyplývajících z holistického pojetí zdraví. V druhé části představujeme cíle a metody výzkumu, výzkumný vzorek sestávající z pěti současných ucelených učebnicových řad učebnic prvouky/ přírodovědy (38 učebnic/cvičebnic; 3136 zkoumaných jednotek, tedy otázek, námětů a úkolů zařazených do učebnic) platných pro 1. stupeň základního vzdělávání. Třetí část je věnována výsledkům analýzy, která poukázala na významné rozdíly v prezentaci učiva v oblasti výchova ke zdraví. Z výsledků vyplývá nereflektování holistického pojetí zdraví v jeho plném rozsahu, majoritní zastoupení biologického kontextu zdraví ve zkoumaných učebnicích. Holistické pojetí zdraví nejvíce reflektují učebnice druhých ročníků. Dále poukazujeme na významné rozdíly ve strukturaci učiva v rámci jednotlivých učebnicových řad (absence tematiky zdraví ve většině zkoumaných učebnic 4. ročníků) a nestabilitu v distribuci tematických celků zkoumaného vzorku učebnic. V závěru studie (čtvrtá a pátá část) jsou diskutovány výsledky, možnosti a limity studie a představujeme eventuality navazujícího výzkumného šetření.
The Application of 3D Photogrammetry for In-Field Documentation of Archaeological Features
Authors: Douglass Matthew , Lin Sam , Chodoronek Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe logistics of time-efficient yet accurate documentation of archaeological features are a challenge within the context of pedestrian survey. Here we present results of two case studies documenting the use of photogrammetry under field conditions within the Great Plains. Results demonstrate the ease with which high quality models can be obtained with minimal training and by using standard field cameras and computers. Different models of pit hearth and architectural features are presented to demonstrate the versatility of model output formats in terms of their accessibility to broad audiences and the variety of display options available. Comparison with more traditional field measurements indicates the suitability and superiority of this approach in terms of time investment and mapping detail and accuracy. Combined, these efforts demonstrate the potential of this technique to be incorporated into the standard practices of academic and professional field projects with minimal interruption.
Efficient Statistical Extraction of the Per-Unit-Length Capacitance and Inductance Matrices of Cables with Random Parameters
Authors: Manfredi P. , Canavero F. 
Published: May 2015

Cable bundles often exhibit random parameter variations due to uncertain or uncontrollable physical properties and wire positioning. Efficient tools, based on the so-called polynomial chaos, exist to rapidly assess the impact of such variations on the per-unit-length capacitance and inductance matrices, and on the pertinent cable response. Nevertheless, the state-of-the-art method for the statistical extraction of the per-unit-length capacitance and inductance matrices of cables suffers from several inefficiencies that hinder its applicability to large problems, in terms of number of random parameters and/or conductors. This paper presents an improved methodology that overcomes the aforementioned limitations by exploiting a recently-published, alternative approach to generate the pertinent polynomial chaos system of equations. A sparse and decoupled system is obtained that provides remarkable benefits in terms of speed, memory consumption and problem size that can be dealt with. The technique is thoroughly validated through the statistical analysis of two canonical structures, i.e. a ribbon cable and a shielded cable with random geometry and position.
Global patterns and controls of soil organic carbon dynamics as simulated by multiple terrestrial biosphere models: Current status and future directions
Authors: Tian Hanqin , Lu Chaoqun , Yang Jia , Banger Kamaljit , Huntzinger Deborah N. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Michalak Anna M. , Cook Robert , Ciais Philippe , Hayes Daniel , Huang Maoyi , Ito Akihiko , Jain Atul K. , Lei Huimin , Mao Jiafu , Pan Shufen , Post Wilfred M. , Peng Shushi , Poulter Benjamin , Ren Wei , Ricciuto Daniel , Schaefer Kevin , Shi Xiaoying , Tao Bo , Wang Weile , Wei Yaxing , Yang Qichun , Zhang Bowen , Zeng Ning 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSoil is the largest organic carbon (C) pool of terrestrial ecosystems, and C loss from soil accounts for a large proportion of land‐atmosphere C exchange. Therefore, a small change in soil organic C (SOC) can affect atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and climate change. In the past decades, a wide variety of studies have been conducted to quantify global SOC stocks and soil C exchange with the atmosphere through site measurements, inventories, and empirical/process‐based modeling. However, these estimates are highly uncertain, and identifying major driving forces controlling soil C dynamics remains a key research challenge. This study has compiled century‐long (1901–2010) estimates of SOC storage and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from 10 terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) in the Multi‐scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project and two observation‐based data sets. The 10 TBM ensemble shows that global SOC estimate ranges from 425 to 2111 Pg C (1 Pg = 1015 g) with a median value of 1158 Pg C in 2010. The models estimate a broad range of Rh from 35 to 69 Pg C yr−1 with a median value of 51 Pg C yr−1 during 2001–2010. The largest uncertainty in SOC stocks exists in the 40–65°N latitude whereas the largest cross‐model divergence in Rh are in the tropics. The modeled SOC change during 1901–2010 ranges from −70 Pg C to 86 Pg C, but in some models the SOC change has a different sign from the change of total C stock, implying very different contribution of vegetation and soil pools in determining the terrestrial C budget among models. The model ensemble‐estimated mean residence time of SOC shows a reduction of 3.4 years over the past century, which accelerate C cycling through the land biosphere. All the models agreed that climate and land use changes decreased SOC stocks, while elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrogen deposition over intact ecosystems increased SOC stocks—even though the responses varied significantly among models. Model representations of temperature and moisture sensitivity, nutrient limitation, and land use partially explain the divergent estimates of global SOC stocks and soil C fluxes in this study. In addition, a major source of systematic error in model estimations relates to nonmodeled SOC storage in wetlands and peatlands, as well as to old C storage in deep soil layers.
Boulder dislodgement and transport by solitary waves: Insights from three‐dimensional numerical simulations
Authors: Zainali Amir , Weiss Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe analysis of boulder motion and dislodgement provides important insights into the physics of the causative processes, i.e., whether or not a boulder was moved during a storm or tsunami and the magnitude of the respective event. Previous studies were mainly based on simplified models and threshold considerations. We employ three‐dimensional numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics coupled with rigid body dynamics to study boulder dislodgement and transport by solitary waves. We explore the effects of three important nondimensional parameters on the boulder transport problem, the Froude number Fr, the aspect ratio in logarithmic scale α, and the submergence factor, β. Our results indicate that boulder motion is complex, and small changes in one of the nondimensional parameters result in significantly different behavior during the transport process and the final resting place of boulders. More studies are needed to determine the role of boulders in tsunami and storm hazard assessments.
Mechanism for normal faulting in the subducting plate at the Mariana Trench
Authors: Zhou Zhiyuan , Lin Jian , Behn Mark D. , Olive Jean‐Arthur 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe investigate the mechanisms of normal fault initiation and evolution in the subducting Pacific Plate near the Mariana Trench, through bathymetry analysis and geodynamic modeling. We model the subducting plate as an elastoplastic slab subjected to tectonic forcing at the trench, including vertical load, bending moment, and horizontal tensional force. In our simulations, normal faults initiate within the outer rise region and reach maximum throw toward the trench. This result holds over a wide range of tectonic forcing and is consistent with observations of the Challenger Deep region, where multibeam bathymetry data indicate faults initiate near the outer rise at 70–110 km from the trench and reach maximum throw at 10–35 km from the trench. However, models require a horizontal tensional force with magnitude comparable to axial vertical load to jointly explain the observed seafloor bathymetry, location of maximum normal fault throw, and prevalence of normal faults dipping toward the trench.
Laboratory investigation of lunar surface electric potentials in magnetic anomaly regions
Authors: Howes C. T. , Wang X. , Deca J. , Horányi M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo gain insight into lunar surface charging in the magnetic anomaly regions, we present the results of laboratory experiments with a flowing plasma engulfing a magnetic dipole field above an insulating surface. When the dipole moment is perpendicular to the surface, large positive potentials (close to ion flow energies in eV) are measured on the surface in the dipole lobe regions, charged by the unmagnetized ions while the electrons are magnetically excluded. The potential decreases exponentially with distance from the surface on the ion (flow) Debye length scale. The surface potentials become much smaller when the dipole moment is parallel to the surface, likely due to collisionality. We discuss the implications of our laboratory results for the lunar surface charging in the magnetic anomaly regions, suggesting that the surface potential may be much higher than the generally expected several volts positive due to photoemission.
New insights in the capability of climate models to simulate the impact of LUC based on temperature decomposition of paired site observations
Authors: Vanden Broucke Sam , Luyssaert Sebastiaan , Davin Edouard L. , Janssens Ivan , van Lipzig Nicole 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this study, we present a new methodology for evaluating the biogeophysical impact of land use change (LUC) in regional climate models. For this, we use observational data from paired eddy covariance flux towers in Europe, representing a LUC from forest to open land (deforestation). Two model simulations with the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM2 (The Consortium for Small‐Scale Modelling model in climate mode COSMO‐CLM coupled to the Community Land Model CLM) are performed which differ only in prescribed land use for site pair locations. The model is evaluated by comparing the observed and simulated difference in surface temperature (Ts) between open land and forests. Next, we identify the biogeophysical mechanisms responsible for Ts differences by applying a decomposition method to both observations and model simulations. This allows us to determine which LUC‐related mechanisms were well represented in COSMO‐CLM2, and which were not. Results from observations show that deforestation leads to a significant cooling at night, which is severely underestimated by COSMO‐CLM2. It appears that the model is missing one crucial impact of deforestation on the nighttime surface energy budget: a reduction in downwelling longwave radiation. Results are better for daytime, as the model is able to simulate the increase in albedo and associated surface cooling following deforestation reasonably well. Also well simulated, albeit underestimated slightly, is the decrease in sensible heat flux caused by reduced surface roughness. Overall, these results stress the importance of differentiating between daytime and nighttime climate when discussing the effect of LUC on climate. Finally, we believe that they provide new insights supporting a wider application of the methodology (to other regional climate models).
Preparation of 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate copolymer micelles for shape memory materials
Authors: Yang Yan , Mo Funian , Chen Yangyang , Liu Yingyi , Chen Shaojun , Zuo Jiandong 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTResearchers are actively developing shape memory polymers (SMPs) for smart biomaterials. This paper reports a new SMP system synthesized from biocompatible 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), butyl acrylate (BA) and tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (TDE). Preliminary results show that the DMAEMA‐co‐BA‐co‐TDE copolymers form micelles in aqueous solution due to chemical crosslinking and hydrophobicity. The micelle size decreased with the increase in the BA content since the hydrophobicity of copolymers increases with the increase of BA content. The resulting polymer films contain–N(CH3)2 functional groups for further biomaterial applications. The thermal stability of DMAEMA‐co‐BA‐co‐TDE copolymers is determined by the DMAEMA structure and content. Moreover, the copolymers form micro‐phase‐separated structures containing a reversible amorphous soft phase, and the storage moduli decreases significantly around Tg. Therefore, good thermal‐induced shape memory effects are achieved in the DMAEMA‐co‐BA‐co‐TDE copolymers by adjusting the BA content. This work proposes a new strategy for designing smart biomaterials using a biocompatible monomer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42312.
Evaluation of food effect on the oral bioavailability of pradigastat, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor
Authors: Ayalasomayajula Surya P. , Meyers Charles D. , Yu Jing , Kagan Mark , Matott Ralph , Pal Parasar , Majumdar Tapan , Su Zhenzhong , Crissey Anne , Rebello Sam , Sunkara Gangadhar , Chen Jin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPradigastat, a diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 inhibitor, is being developed for the treatment of familial chylomicronemia syndrome. The results of two studies that evaluated the effect of food on the oral bioavailability of pradigastat using randomized, open‐label, parallel group designs in healthy subjects (n = 24/treatment/study) are presented. In study 1, a single dose of 20 mg pradigastat was administered under the fasted condition or with a high‐fat meal. In study 2, a single dose of 40 mg pradigastat was administered under the fasted condition or with a low‐ or high‐fat meal. At the 20 mg dose, the pradigastat Cmax and AUClast increased by 38% and 41%, respectively, with a high‐fat meal. When 40 mg pradigastat was administered with a low‐fat meal, the Cmax and AUClast increased by 8% and 18%, respectively, whereas with a high‐fat meal the increase was 20% and 18%, respectively. The population pharmacokinetic analysis with the pooled data from 13 studies indicated that administration of pradigastat with a meal resulted in an increase of 30% in both the Cmax and AUC parameters. Based on these results, food overall increased pradigastat exposure in the range of less than 40%, which is not considered clinically significant. Both 20 and 40 mg doses of pradigastat were well tolerated under fasted or fed conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solar‐Energy‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Biosensing Using TiO2 Nanowires
Authors: Tang Jing , Li Jun , Da Peimei , Wang Yongcheng , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical sensing represents a unique means for chemical and biological detection, with foci of optimizing semiconductor composition and electronic structures, surface functionalization layers, and chemical detection methods. Here, we have briefly discussed our recent developments of TiO2 nanowire‐based photoelectrochemical sensing, with particular emphasis on three main detection mechanisms and corresponding examples. We have also demonstrated the use of the photoelectrochemical sensing of real‐time molecular reaction kinetic measurements, as well as direct interfacing of living cells and probing of cellular functions.
Oxidative Olefination of Anilides with Unactivated Alkenes Catalyzed by an (Electron‐Deficient η5‐Cyclopentadienyl)Rhodium(III) Complex Under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Takahama Yuji , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe oxidative olefination of sp2 CH bonds of anilides with both activated and unactivated alkenes using an (electron‐deficient η5‐cyclopentadienyl)rhodium(III) complex is reported. In contrast to reactions using this electron‐deficient rhodium(III) catalyst, [Cp*RhCl2]2 showed no activity against olefination with unactivated alkenes. In addition, the deuterium kinetic isotope effect (DKIE) study revealed that the CH bond cleavage step is thought to be the turnover‐limiting step.
Standardized counting of circulating platelet microparticles using currently available flow cytometers and scatter‐based triggering: Forward or side scatter?
Authors: Poncelet P. , Robert S. , Bouriche T. , Bez J. , Lacroix R. , Dignat‐George F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClinical determination of MP counts using flow cytometry has not been fully accepted yet due to the lack of standardization protocols. In the past 5 years, we have proposed two versions of a method with reproducible PMP counts in plasma samples. Both methods use forward scatter (FSC)–based threshold set with reference beads of appropriate sizes; first using 0.5 µm beads and later with 0.3 µm beads. Both systems provide reproducible PMP counts. However, this technique works only with some of currently used commercial flow cytometers. Instruments with limited resolution or generating heterogeneous FSC signals are excluded. Such performances are incompatible with the required interinstrument standardization. Here we show that (i) flow cytometers with sub‐optimal FSC capabilities generally have higher SSC resolution and background rejection capacity, and (ii) that the same biological entities, “dim and bright PMP,” both can be counted using alternative strategies, either as previously described, based on FSC measurements, or as presented here, based on SSC detection. The critical element in the standardization protocol is the use of different sizes of reference beads. This study was designed to permit simultaneous access to both FSC‐ and SSC‐optimized platforms. A new range of about 0.17–0.6 µm eq. (µm‐equivalents) is proposed for an alternative SSC–based MP gate generating the same PMP counts as those obtained in the previously proposed 0.3–1 µm eq. FSC–based MP gate. The two equivalent standardization options reconcile intrinsically different scattering behaviors between SSC‐ and FCS ‐ triggered instruments and open the opportunity for multicenter studies in the future. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Possible DNA‐Interacting Pathways for Metal‐Based Compounds Exemplified with Copper Coordination Compounds
Authors: Brissos Rosa F. , Caubet Amparo , Gamez Patrick 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSince the fortuitous discovery of the anticancer properties of cisplatin and its successful introduction in chemotherapy in 1978, numerous cytotoxic, metal‐based molecules have been increasingly reported in the literature. Due to the specific mechanism of action of cisplatin, DNA represents the main target for the design of potential metal‐containing antitumor agents. In the present microreview, the different pathways in which a metal complex can interact/degrade DNA are presented and some illustrative examples of DNA‐binding/DNA‐cleaving copper coordination compounds are described.
Indaphyrins and Indachlorins: Optical and Chiroptical Properties of a Family of Helimeric Porphyrinoids
Authors: Götz Daniel C. G. , Gehrold Andreas C. , Dorazio Sarina J. , Daddario Pedro , Samankumara Lalith , Bringmann Gerhard , Brückner Christian , Bruhn Torsten 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIndaphyrins and indachlorins possess large chiral porphyrinoid π‐systems with particularly long‐wavelength absorption properties. All indaphyrin derivatives, including the indaphyrin MII complexes (M = NiII, CuII, ZnII, and PtII), adopt strongly ruffled conformations incorporating a helimeric twist, thus forming two stereochemically stable helimeric enantiomers. Their degree of ruffling is modulated by the coordination to metal ions or pyrrole ring modifications. Resolution of the racemic mixtures of the helimers of all derivatives was achieved by HPLC on a chiral phase and their absolute stereostructures were assigned. The much altered UV/Vis spectra of the indaphyrin derivatives, when compared to those of porphyrins, were rationalized using excited state calculations. The conformational stability of the conformers toward thermally induced racemization was also shown. The report forms the basis for future applications that exploit the chiral properties of the chromophores.