bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐disciplinary antimicrobial strategies for improving orthopaedic implants to prevent prosthetic joint infections in hip and knee
Authors: Getzlaf Matthew A. , Lewallen Eric A. , Kremers Hilal M. , Jones Dakota L. , Bonin Carolina A. , Dudakovic Amel , Thaler Roman , Cohen Robert C. , Lewallen David G. , van Wijnen Andre J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTLike any foreign object, orthopaedic implants are susceptible to infection when introduced into the human body. Without additional preventative measures, the absolute number of annual prosthetic joint infections will continue to rise, and may exceed the capacity of health care systems in the near future. Bacteria are difficult to eradicate from synovial joints due to their exceptionally diverse taxonomy, complex mechanistic attachment capabilities, and tendency to evolve antibiotic resistance. When a primary orthopaedic implant fails from prosthetic joint infection, surgeons are generally challenged by limited options for intervention. In this review, we highlight the etiology and taxonomic groupings of bacteria known to cause prosthetic joint infections, and examine their key mechanisms of attachment. We propose that antimicrobial strategies should focus on the most harmful bacteria taxa within the context of occurrence, taxonomic diversity, adhesion mechanisms, and implant design. Patient‐specific identification of organisms that cause prosthetic joint infections will permit assessment of their biological vulnerabilities. The latter can be targeted using a range of antimicrobial techniques that exploit different colonization mechanisms including implant surface attachment, biofilm formation, and/or hematogenous recruitment. We anticipate that customized strategies for each patient, joint, and prosthetic component will be most effective at reducing prosthetic joint infections, including those caused by antibiotic‐resistant and polymicrobial bacteria. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:177–186, 2016.
Relationship between phoria and visual fatigue in autostereoscopic 3D displays
Authors: Wang Qin , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Liu Chun‐Ling 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany people complain about visual fatigue arising from viewing three‐dimensional (3D) displays. This paper investigates relationship between visual fatigue and viewers' phoria for viewing autostereoscopic 3D displays. Visual fatigue is evaluated through subjective symptoms with a questionnaire and optometric indicators comprising fusion range as well as accommodation convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio to measure the variation in visual functions. A screening test is adopted to divide the subjects into two groups based on whether they suffer from phoria. Then a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed design experiment is conducted with display type, viewing stage, and visual state as factors to examine visual fatigue during viewing session. The results show that phoria subjects obtain more severe visual fatigue than normal on subjective evaluation. The normal subjects reveal a more marked difference with phoria in fusion range and AC/A ratio after viewing 3D video clip. Fusion range can significantly distinguish between the two‐dimensional (2D) and 3D condition as well as between the pre‐ and post‐viewing stages. The sensitivity and specificity of fusion range is higher than AC/A ratio with respect to viewing of 3D contents, so it is more appropriate as an optometric indicator of visual fatigue for autostereoscopic 3D displays.
International survey on the identification and neural monitoring of the EBSLN during thyroidectomy
Authors: Barczyński Marcin , Randolph Gregory W. , Cernea Claudio ,   The International Neural Monitoring Study Group in Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisSurgical management of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) during thyroidectomy is complex. We hypothesized that there exist variations in surgical behaviors patterns in the management of the EBSLN during thyroidectomy .Study DesignA prospective Web‐based anonymous survey (www.surveymonkey.com).MethodsThe survey, consisting of 22 questions including surgeon demographics, laryngeal examination before and after surgery, and utilization of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) for the management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the EBSLN, was sent to 673 surgeons worldwide with known interest in thyroid surgery.ResultsA total of 170/673 (25.3%) surgeons from five continents with low‐volume (11.2%), moderate‐volume (27.2%), and high‐volume practices (61.5%) completed the survey. Laryngeal preoperative examination was performed by 94% of respondents. IONM was utilized in the RLN management by 95% of respondents. IONM was used for identification of the EBSLN by 26.3% of low‐volume versus 68.4% of high‐volume surgeons (P = .004), and 93% of respondents felt EBSLN identification with IONM as necessary in voice professionals. Staged thyroidectomy was performed for benign disease by 89.5% of low‐volume versus 63.2% of high‐volume surgeons (P = .031). Post–thyroid surgery laryngeal examination was performed by 36.8% of low‐volume versus 64.9% of high‐volume surgeons (P = .032).ConclusionsLaryngeal examination and IONM is used frequently. However, the exact pattern of utilization varies notably with demographic information. Generally, high‐volume surgeons, those with otolaryngology background, and younger surgeons more commonly utilize IONM according to existing international neural monitoring study group guidelines. Prospective multicenter studies are needed to guide an evidence‐based management of the EBSLN during thyroidectomy.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:285–291, 2016
Fish protein increases circulating levels of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide and accelerates aortic lesion formation in apoE null mice
Authors: Yazdekhasti Narges , Brandsch Corinna , Schmidt Nadine , Schloesser Anke , Huebbe Patricia , Rimbach Gerald , Stangl Gabriele I. 
Published: October 2015

ScopeThe protective effect of fish consumption on the cardiovascular system has primarily been ascribed to n‐3 fatty acids, but data investigating the vascular effects of fish protein consumption are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the vascular impact of fish protein in a mouse model of atherosclerosis.Methods and resultsMale apoE null mice were fed a Western diet containing 20% fish (turbot) protein, casein, or soy protein, for 16 wk. Morphometric analysis of the aorta revealed that the atherosclerotic plaque area of fish protein fed mice was twofold larger than that in casein‐ or soy protein‐fed mice. The percentage area of calcification deposits in plaques of fish protein fed mice was higher (7.57%) than that in casein‐fed (2.86%) or soy protein‐fed (3.46%) mice, and fish protein fed mice exhibited higher plaque expression of CD68, CD36, and IL‐6 than the other two groups. Fish protein intake was accompanied by increased serum concentrations of trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (7.03 ± 2.83 μmol/L), as compared with casein (0.92 ± 0.46 μmol/L) and soy protein (1.32 ± 0.54 μmol/L) intake.ConclusionThe present data indicate adverse effects of fish protein on the vascular system, which could be attributable to the high serum trimethylamine‐N‐oxide concentrations in these mice.
Evaluation of a three‐dimensional MR acoustic radiation force imaging pulse sequence using a novel unbalanced bipolar motion encoding gradient
Authors: de Bever Joshua T. , Odéen Henrik , Todd Nick , Farrer Alexis I. , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeMR guided focused ultrasound procedures require accurate focal spot localization in three dimensions. This study presents a three‐dimensional (3D) pulse sequence for acoustic radiation force imaging (ARFI) that efficiently localizes the focal spot by means of ultrasound induced tissue displacement over a large field‐of‐view.MethodsA novel unbalanced bipolar motion encoding gradient was implemented to maximize time available for motion encoding, reduce echo times, and allow for longer echo train lengths. Two advanced features, kz reduction factor (KZRF) and kz‐level interleaving, were implemented to reduce tissue heating. Studies in gelatin phantoms compared the location of peak displacement and temperature measured by 3D MR thermometry. MR‐ARFI induced tissue heating was evaluated through a parametric study of sequence parameters and MR thermometry measurements during repeated application of ARFI sonication patterns. Sequence performance was characterized in the presence of respiration and tissue inhomogeneity.ResultsThe location of peak displacement and temperature rise agreed within 0.2 ± 0.1 mm and 0.5 ± 0.3 mm in the transverse and longitudinal direction, respectively. The 3D displacement maps were acquired safely, and the KZRF and kz‐level interleaving features reduced tissue heating by 51%. High quality displacement maps were obtained despite respiration and tissue inhomogeneities.ConclusionThis sequence provides a safe, accurate, and simple approach to localizing the focal spot in three dimensions with a single scan. Magn Reson Med 76:803–813, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kekulé und die makromolekulare Chemie
Authors: Braun Dietrich 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDie Grundlagen der organischen Chemie basieren auf den Arbeiten der großen Chemiker des 19. Jahrhunderts. Eine der wichtigsten Errungenschaften war die Aufklärung der Benzolstruktur im Jahr 1865. Aber August Kekulés Ideen hatten noch bedeutendere Folgen als allgemein bekannt.
Evidence of vagus nerve sprouting to innervate the urinary bladder and clitoris in a canine model of lower motoneuron lesioned bladder
Authors: Barbe Mary F. , Gomez‐Amaya Sandra , Braverman Alan S. , Brown Justin M. , Lamarre Neil S. , Massicotte Vicky S. , Lewis Jennifer K.S. , Dachert Stephen R. , Ruggieri Michael R. 
Published: October 2015

AimsComplete spinal cord injury does not block perceptual responses or inferior solitary nucleus activation after genital self‐stimulation, even though the vagus is not thought to innervate pelvic structures. We tested if vagus nerve endings sprout after bladder decentralization to innervate genitourinary structures in canines with decentralized bladders.MethodsFour reinnervation surgeries were performed in female hounds: bilateral genitofemoral nerve transfer to pelvic nerve with vesicostomy (GNF‐V) or without (GFN‐NV); and left femoral nerve transfer (FNT‐V and FNT‐NV). After 8 months, retrograde dyes were injected into genitourinary structures. Three weeks later, at euthanasia, reinnervation was evaluated as increased detrusor pressure induced by functional electrical stimulation (FES). Controls included un‐operated, sham‐operated, and decentralized animals.ResultsIncreased detrusor pressure was seen in 8/12 GFNT‐V, 4/5 GFNT‐NV, 5/5 FNT‐V, and 4/5 FNT‐NV animals after FES, but not decentralized controls. Lumbar cord segments contained cells labeled from the bladder in all nerve transfer animals with FES‐induced increased detrusor pressure. Nodose ganglia cells labeled from the bladder were observed in 5/7 nerve transfer animals (1/2 GNT‐NV; 4/5 FNT‐V), and from the clitoris were in 6/7 nerve transfer animals (2/2 GFNT‐NV; 4/5 FNT‐V). Dorsal motor nucleus vagus cells labeled from the bladder were observed in 3/5 nerve transfer animals (1/2 GFNT‐NV; 2/3 FNT‐V), and from the clitoris in 4/5 nerve transfer animals (1/2 GFNT‐NV; 3/3 FNT‐V). Controls lacked this labeling.ConclusionsEvidence of vagal nerve sprouting to the bladder and clitoris was observed in canines with lower motoneuron lesioned bladders. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:91–97, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bad Versus Good, What Matters More on the Treatment Floor? Relationships of Positive and Negative Events With Nurses’ Burnout and Engagement
Authors: Sinclair Robert R. , Sliter Michael , Mohr Cynthia D. , Sears Lindsay E. , Deese Marylin Nicole , Wright Robert R. , Cadiz David , Jacobs Laurie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMany investigators have reported the stressful aspects of nursing; fewer have focused on nurses' positive work experiences. For this study, we developed a 2 × 2 typology of positive and negative events related to the tasks of nursing work and the social and organizational context of that work: successes, supports, constraints, and conflicts. We hypothesized that positive events would predict engagement, negative events would predict burnout, and negative events would be more strongly related to both burnout and engagement. In secondary analyses of data from 310 acute care nurses who completed survey measures of workplace events at one time point and burnout and engagement measures approximately eight months later, regression results indicated that both positive and negative work events contributed to engagement, whereas only negative events were related to burnout. The results of dominance analyses established that constraints and conflicts more strongly predicted burnout than did supports and successes. Additionally, consistent with a “bad is stronger than good” perspective, the strongest predictor of engagement was lower constraints, although successes, supports, and conflicts also predicted engagement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assembly of layered double hydroxide on multi‐walled carbon nanotubes as reinforcing hybrid nanofiller in thermoplastic polyurethane/nitrile butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Roy Saheli , Srivastava Suneel Kumar , Pionteck Jürgen , Mittal Vikas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn efficient approach has been applied to assemble MgAl layered double hydroxide onto pristine carbon nanotubes using sodium dodecylsulfate. The assembling process and formation of such hybrid nanostructures were established using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, the hybrid was used as nanofiller in the development of high‐performance thermoplastic polyurethane/acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (1:1 w/w) blend nanocomposites. Measurements of mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties show that tensile strength, elongation at break and storage modulus improve significantly by 171%, 1.8 times and 241% in a blend with 0.50 wt% loading of hybrid filler. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability of the blend with 0.50 wt% hybrid filler compared to neat material is maximally improved by 20 °C determined at 50% weight loss. Differential scanning calorimetry shows the maximum enhancement in melting temperature (7 °C) and crystallization temperature (31 °C) due to significant nucleation efficiency of the filler, homogeneous dispersion and strong interfacial interaction between polymer matrix and filler. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Brush polymer ion gels
Authors: Bates Christopher M. , Chang Alice B. , Schulze Morgan W. , Momčilović Nebojša , Jones Simon C. , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe structure, rheological response, and ionic conductivity of ABA brush block copolymer (BBCP) ion gels containing 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMI][TFSI]) at polymer concentrations spanning 5‐50 wt % (Φgel) were studied by small angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic mechanical analysis, and AC impedance spectroscopy. Application of a hard sphere form factor and Percus‐Yevick structure factor reveals trends in gel micellar structure as a function of BBCP molecular weight, A block volume fraction (ΦA), and Φgel. Viscoelastic properties are strongly dependent on end‐block molar mass, with storage moduli ≤103 Pa at 25 °C. Impedance measurements reveal near liquid‐like dynamics in the matrix phase as evidenced by conductivities near 1 mS/cm at 25 °C that decrease with increasing Φgel and ΦA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 292–300
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic resection of large retroperitoneal paraganglioma – initial experience from China
Authors: Xia Leilei , Xu Tianyuan , Wang Xianjin , Qin Liang , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhu Zhaowei , Zhong Shan , Shen Zhoujun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere have been only four cases of robot‐assisted laparoscopic resection of retroperitoneal paraganglioma (PGL) in the literature. Here we present our experience on robot‐assisted laparoscopic resection of large PGL in four patients to further evaluate its safety and efficacy.MethodsFrom March 2013 to January 2015, four patients with large PGL underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic resection. The tumors were located on the left side and adjacent to the aorta. Patients' demographics, intraoperative and postoperative data were collected, including intraoperative hemodynamic outcomes.ResultsIn all cases, the PGLs were successfully removed robotically without conversion to open surgery and no intraoperative or postoperative complication occurred. The operative time ranged from 58–113 min, and estimated blood loss ranged from 50–350 mL. There were no significant intraoperative hemodynamic instabilities. The postoperative hospital stay ranged from 4–6 days.ConclusionsWith the advantages of robotic system, robot‐assisted resection of large retroperitoneal PGL is feasible, safe and efficient. The robotic system has the potential to expand surgical treatment modalities for complex PGL. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using motion parallax for laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Su He , Li Jianmin , Zhang Huaifeng , Li Jinhua , Wang Shuxin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn typical stereo display systems, the reproduced 3D scene is distorted when the observer moves. Motion parallax is an important depth cue that has the ability to correct this distortion. More importantly, motion parallax enables the observer to look around objects to provide a better view.MethodsA robotically assisted laparoscope prototype was designed to provide motion parallax. A study to adjust the camera‐head mapping ratio (gain of motion parallax) was performed. A series of phantom tests was conducted to test the effectiveness of motion parallax.ResultsThe experimental results showed that the motion parallax was effective, and the gain of motion parallax was subjective. For a regular laparoscope view distance, larger image zooming rates required smaller gain; for the same equivalent image size, further observer distance decreased the optimal gain.ConclusionsMotion parallax could be used for improved visualization in laparoscopic surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perturbation meets key‐based interval splitting arithmetic coding: security enhancement and chaos generalization
Authors: Zhang Yushu , Xiao Di , Wong Kwok‐Wo , Zhou Jiantao , Bai Sen , Su Moting 
Published: October 2015

AbstractKey‐based interval splitting arithmetic coding (KAC) possesses both encryption and compression capabilities. However, it possesses vulnerability to chosen‐plaintext attack because the attacker can explore the relationship between the key and the codeword to deduce the secret key. In order to resist this attack, we propose to introduce perturbation into KAC. The perturbation‐based KAC not only avoids the flaw of KAC that the splitting keys are usually located at the endpoint of certain codeword or at the border of two codewords but also removes the restriction that the keys are only allowed in certain sub‐intervals, which result in great convenience to the key scheduler. In addition, based on generalized arithmetic coding using Generalized Luröth Series, we study the phase‐space splitting of a chaotic map for generalized KAC and suggest the generalized perturbation‐based KAC. This leads to the design of a joint compression and encryption scheme with more powerful cryptographic features. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parasites modulate within-colony activity and accelerate the temporal polyethism schedule of a social insect, the honey bee
Authors: Natsopoulou Myrsini E. , McMahon Dino P. , Paxton Robert J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTask allocation in social insect colonies is generally organised into an age-related division of labour, termed the temporal polyethism schedule, which may in part have evolved to reduce infection of the colony’s brood by pests and pathogens. The temporal polyethism schedule is sensitive to colony perturbations that may lead to adaptive changes in task allocation, maintaining colony homeostasis. Though social insects can be infected by a range of parasites, little is known of how these parasites impact within-colony behaviour and the temporal polyethism schedule. We use honey bees (Apis mellifera) experimentally infected by two of their emerging pathogens, Deformed wing virus (DWV), which is relatively understudied concerning its behavioural impact on its host, and the exotic microsporidianNosema ceranae. We examined parasite effects on host temporal polyethism and patterns of activity within the colony. We found that pathogens accelerated the temporal polyethism schedule, but without reducing host behavioural repertoire. Infected hosts exhibited increased hyperactivity, allocating more time to self-grooming and foraging-related tasks. The strength of behavioural alterations we observed was found to be pathogen specific; behavioural modifications were more pronounced in virus-treated hosts versusN. ceranae-treated hosts, with potential benefits for the colony in terms of reducing within-colony transmission. Investigating the effects of multiple pathogens on behavioural patterns of social insects could play a crucial role in understanding pathogen spread within a colony and their effects on colony social organisation.
Filling box flows in porous media
Authors: Sahu Chunendra K. , Flynn M. R. 
Published: October 2015

We report upon a theoretical and experimental investigation of a porous medium ‘filling box’ flow by specifically examining the details of the laminar descending plume and its outflow in a control volume having an impermeable bottom boundary and sidewalls. The plume outflow initially comprises a pair of oppositely directed gravity currents. The gravity currents propagate horizontally until they reach the lateral sidewalls at $y=\pm L$. The flow then becomes of filling box type, with a vertically ascending ‘first front’ separating discharged plume fluid below from ambient fluid above. The flow details are described analytically by first deriving a new similarity solution for Darcy plumes with $\mathit{Pe}>O(1)$, where $\mathit{Pe}$ is the Péclet number. From the similarity solution so obtained, we then derive expressions for the plume volume flux and mean reduced gravity as functions of the vertical distance from the source. Regarding the plume outflow, a similarity solution adopted from Huppert & Woods (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 292, 1995, pp. 55–69) describes the height and front speed of the gravity currents, whereas a semi-implicit finite difference scheme is used to predict the first front elevation versus time and horizontal distance. As with high-Reynolds-number filling box flows, that studied here is an example of a coupled problem: the gravity current source conditions are prescribed by the plume volume flux and mean reduced gravity. Conversely, discharged plume fluid may be re-entrained into the plume, be it soon or long after reaching the bottom impermeable boundary. To corroborate our model predictions, analogue laboratory experiments are performed with fresh water and salt water as the working fluids. Our experiments consider as independent variables the porous medium bead diameter and the plume source volume flux and reduced gravity. Predictions for the gravity current front position and height compare favourably against analogue measured data. Good agreement is likewise noted when considering either the mean elevation or the profile of the first front. Results from this study may be adopted in modelling geological plumes. For example, our equations can be used to predict the time required for discharged plume fluid to return to the point of injection in the case of aquifers closed on the sides and below by impermeable boundaries.