bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetik der Parkinson-Krankheit
Authors: Krüger R. , Klein C. 
Published: July 2013

Zusammenfassung
Neben 9 eindeutig gesicherten monogenen Parkinson-Formen gibt es zahlreiche bekannte Risiko- oder protektive Genvarianten, die das Risiko für eine Parkinson-Erkrankung modulieren. Unter den monogenen Formen folgen 3 (PARK1/PARK4, PARK8, PARK17) einem autosomal-dominanten Erbgang und 6 einem rezessiven Vererbungsmuster (PARK2, PARK6, PARK7, PARK9, PARK14, PARK15). Ebenfalls 6 Formen gehen mit einem der idiopathischen Parkinson-Krankheit sehr ähnlichen klinischen Bild einher (PARK1/PARK4, PARK2, PARK6, PARK7, PARK8, PARK17), darunter sind PARK8 mit Mutationen im LRRK2-Gen und spätem Krankheitsbeginn bzw. PARK2 mit Mutationen im Parkin-Gen und frühem Erkrankungsalter die weitaus häufigsten. Pathophysiologisch stehen bei den monogenen Formen wie auch bei der idiopathischen Parkinson-Krankheit Mechanismen der oxidativen Modifikation, des gestörten Proteinabbaus sowie der mitochondrialen Dysfunktion im Mittelpunkt, sodass die monogenen Parkinson-Formen als humane Modellerkrankungen für die idiopathische Form dienen können.
Hereditäre Dystonien
Authors: Grundmann K. , Gasser T. 
Published: July 2013

ZusammenfassungDystonien sind eine klinisch und ätiologisch heterogene Gruppe von Bewegungsstörungen. Charakteristisch sind unwillkürliche Muskelkontraktionen, die zu drehenden, schraubenden und repetitiven Bewegungen führen und sehr schmerzhaft sein können. Die Dystonie kann dabei das einzige Symptom sein („isolierte Dystonie“) oder von anderen Symptomen begleitet werden („kombinierte Dystonie“), sie kann aber auch eine Manifestation jedweder das Zentralnervensystem betreffenden Erkrankung sein, die das motorische System in Mitleidenschaft zieht (z. B. neurodegenerative, ischämische, traumatische Prozesse). In den letzten 20 Jahren hat die Entwicklung neuer molekulargenetischer Technologien zur Entdeckung neuer Gene geführt, die vielen Dystoniesubtypen zugrunde liegen, und eine verbesserte Klassifizierung sowie einen tieferen Einblick in die Pathophysiologie ermöglicht. Es wird eine aktuelle Übersicht über die genetisch determinierten Dystonien mit Fokus auf den sog. isolierten bzw. kombinierten Formen vorgelegt. Die Zusammenstellung phänotypischer Charakteristika zu spezifischen genetischen Veränderungen soll dem Kliniker ermöglichen, anhand konkreter klinischer Manifestationen eine entsprechende molekulargenetische Abklärung in die Wege zu leiten.
Intravenous acetaminophen vs. ketorolac for postoperative analgesia after ambulatory parathyroidectomy
Authors: Anand Amrat , Sprenker Collin J. , Karlnoski Rachel , Norman James , Miladinovic Branko , Wilburn Bruce , Southall Roger A. , Mangar Devanand , Camporesi Enrico 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background and methods
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy requires limited analgesia and short recovery times. The preferred post-operative analgesic regimen for this patient population has not been established but non-narcotic components would be quite appropriate. The aim of the study was to determine whether intravenous (IV) acetaminophen (1 g) or ketorolac (30 mg) provide better pain control after parathyroidectomy. A parallel, randomized, double blind, comparative study was completed on 180 patients scheduled for outpatient parathyroidectomy utilizing general anesthesia. Patients were randomized to a blinded administration of either intravenous acetaminophen 1 g or ketorolac 30 mg intra-operatively. Upon arrival but before premedication, baseline pain scores were assessed in all patients. A consecutive series of postoperative pain scores were collected every 15 min using a 10 cm visual analog pain scale (VAS) upon arrival to the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) until discharge by blinded study personnel. Other data collected included: anesthesia time, surgical time, time to discharge, supplemental morphine and postoperative side effects.

Results
Overall mean postoperative VAS scores were not significantly different between the two treatment groups (p = 0.07). However, ketorolac produced significantly lower pain scores compared with acetaminophen in the later postoperative periods (3.9 ± 1.9 vs. 4.8 ± 2.4 at 45 min, p = 0.009; 3.4 ± 1.7 vs. 4.5 ± 2.1 at 60min, p = 0.04; and 3.2 ± 2.1 vs. 4.4 ± 2.1 at 75 min, p = 0.03). Supplemental morphine was administered to 3 patients in the ketorolac group and 9 patients in the acetaminophen group but total consumption was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.13). The occurrence of nausea was significantly lower in the ketorolac group compared with the IV acetaminophen group (3.4% vs. 14.6%, respectively; p = 0.02). The overall incidence of morphine supplementation, vomiting, headache, muscular pain, dizziness, and drowsiness were not significantly different when compared between the treatment groups.

Conclusions
Both postoperative regimens provided adequate analgesia but patients receiving ketorolac intraoperatively had significantly lower pain scores at later recovery time points and significantly lower occurrences of nausea.

Implications
The large volume of patients undergoing parathyroidectomies at our facility warranted a study to develop a standardized postoperative analgesic regimen. We conclude both medications can be utilized safely in this patient population, but there is a slight advantage in pain control with the usage of ketorolac for minimally invasive parathyroidectomies.
Resources for Business Continuity in Disaster-Based Hospitals in the Great East Japan Earthquake: Survey of Miyagi Prefecture Disaster Base Hospitals and the Prefectural Disaster Medicine Headquarters
Authors: Kudo Daisuke , Furukawa Hajime , Nakagawa Atsuhiro , Yamanouchi Satoshi , Koido Yuichi , Matsumura Takashi , Abe Yoshiko , Konishi Ryota , Matoba Masaaki , Tominaga Teiji , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify advance measures for business continuity taken by disaster base hospitals involved in the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsThe predisaster situation regarding stockpiles was abstracted from a 2010 survey. Timing of electricity and water restoration and sufficiency of supplies to continue operations were investigated through materials from Miyagi Prefecture disaster medicine headquarters (prefectural medical headquarters) and disaster base hospitals (14 hospitals) in Miyagi Prefecture after the East Japan earthquake.ResultsThe number of hospitals with less than 1 day of stockpiles in reserve before the disaster was 7 (50%) for electricity supplies, 8 (57.1%) for water, 6 (42.9%) for medical goods, and 6 (42.9%) for food. After the disaster, restoration of electricity and water did not occur until the second day or later at 8 of 13 (61.5%) hospitals, respectively. By the fourth postdisaster day, 14 hospitals had requested supplies from the prefectural medical headquarters: 9 (64.3%) for electricity supplies, 2 (14.3%) for water trucks, 9 (64.3%) for medical goods, and 6 (42.9%) for food.ConclusionsThe lack of supplies needed to continue operations in disaster base hospitals following the disaster clearly indicated that current business continuity plans require revision. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1-6)
The Effect of Transpedicular Screw Design on Its Performance in Vertebral Bone Under Tensile Loads
Authors: Alkaly Ron N. , Bader Dan L. 
Published: July 2013

Study Design:
A biomechanical study using bovine thoracolumbar spines.

Objective:
To study investigated whether thread design parameters aimed at altering the state of stress at the screw-bone interface increase the screw’s holding power.

Summary and Background Data:
Internal spinal fixators utilizing transpedicular screw fixation are used to achieve early stabilization of the injured spine in a range of clinical conditions. Despite advances in the design of internal spinal fixation systems, implant loosening, and catastrophic failures at the screw-bone interface remains a serious complication in adult spine surgery. Although the performance of the screws in the vertebral bone critically depends on ability of screw thread design to provide and maintain adequate bone purchase, the effect of individual thread design parameters on screw performance and the failure process of the screw-bone interface, remains unclear.

Methods:
On the basis of the AO Schanz thread, this parametric study used 96 lumbar bovine vertebrae instrumented with 19 screw designs to investigate the effects of pitch, ratio of major to minor diameter, screw insertion depth, and major diameter, on screw performance under pure tensile loading. The effect of vertebral morphometry on screw performance and the extent of damage within the failed screw-bone interface were evaluated.

Results:
The increase in screw insertion depth, screw pitch, and the ratio of major to minor diameter, significantly affected screw performance under tensile loads. Complex interactions existed between the major diameter and each of the design variables. Vertebral morphometry had little effect on screw performance while the damage within the failed bone-screw interface confined to the immediate region of the screw threads.

Conclusions:
Design variables, able to reduce shear stresses or modify the complex stress profile at the bone-screw interface, are more effective in preventing early failure of the interface.
Getting it done on time
Authors: Fourie Ina , Fourie Herman 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this contribution is to focus on an essential issue in all workplace settings where the emphasis is on productivity, time management and creativity: getting innovative, high quality work completed on time according to tight schedules – often facing serious staff shortages. The intention is not to offer an ultimate answer, but to take a different look at the issues that might bring some answers, or that might inspire research projects in the “own” circles of libraries and information services. What does it take to get quality work completed on time?Design/methodology/approachThe contribution is written against the background of research from time management, productivity, learning styles, information behaviour and collaborative work.FindingsThere might be simplistic solutions on offer to get work done on time such as the use of productivity and time management tools. When the aim is high quality, creativity and innovative work (done on time), there might be a need to consider more issues such as learning styles and whole brain learning; information seeking skills, writing skills and streamlining cognitive skills; a focus on productivity; brain health and maintaining a balanced life style; perceptions of stimulating creativity; recognition of the need to complement human weaknesses with collaborative strengths; and the need for flow as argued by Csikszentmihalyi.Originality/valueAlthough many publications have appeared on time management, productivity, software to support time management and other individual issues noted in this paper, the authors are not aware of work (at least not in the field of library and information science) that combine these with the need to consider learning styles, whole brain learning, acknowledging the limitations of mind and body, and addiction to adrenaline that might stimulate inspiration and creativity – among many things that might impact on time management.
Connecting industry and supply chain management education: exploring challenges faced in a SCM consultancy module
Authors: Bak Ozlem , Boulocher‐Passet Véronique 
Published: July 2013

PurposeConsultancies provide a beneficial teaching tool in linking industry with supply chain education. With the scarcity of supply chain talent and real life experience, there is a real interest in using consultancy modules to bring the two worlds closer. This research paper aims to explore the challenges faced by key stakeholders (clients, lecturers and students) who participate in a supply chain management (SCM) consultancy module.Design/methodology/approachCase study methodology is used to describe the challenges faced by the stakeholders in running a SCM consultancy module. Using the existing literature on consultancy module challenges as a point of departure, this paper explores these challenges within a SCM consultancy module. A triangulated research approach allowed capturing the views of the key stakeholders.FindingsThe findings confirmed that the case entailed all initial 13 challenges faced by key stakeholders, as well as four more challenges (health and safety risks; expertise assessment; depicting supply chain management boundaries; and SCM consultancy skills) which were relevant to the SCM field.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper offers an insight into the challenges of teaching a supply chain management consultancy module and addresses the issues for academics to bridge the divide between theory and practice.Practical implicationsThis paper assists supply chain educators in consultancy module development and helps companies willing to participate in such modules prepare for the challenges that they will encounter. It also contributes to debate on SCM difficulties in building business‐university collaboration.Originality/valueConsultancy challenges observed in higher education have been based on individual cases and mainly covered in the marketing literature. This paper is the first case study that depicts all consultancy module challenges faced by key stakeholders and within the supply chain management subject; it highlights some subject relevant challenges for supply chain educators.
Impact of environmental scanning on the organisational performance of local authorities in Malaysia
Authors: Fadzli Ahmad Tajuddin Ahmad , Zamberi Ahmad Syed 
Published: July 2013

PurposePrevious studies on scanning behaviour focused mainly on the performance of the private sector, leaving the public sector, especially local authorities (LAs), largely understudied. Primarily, this paper aims to examine the element of strategic management tools associated with the impact of environmental scanning (ES) on organisational performance in the LAs. It explores the above relationship in the context of public sector organisations in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach has been used for this study where the data were collected through a mail survey (n=75) of local authorities in Malaysia, which consists of four categories – City Council/City Hall, Municipal Council, District Council and organisations that exercise the functions of local authorities.FindingsOverall, the results show that the scope of general environmental scanning is seen as a prerequisite to the successful alignment of competitive strategies as a result of changing the needs and demands of the larger society, and the diverse nature of businesses. In the context of Malaysian LAs, there is a significant relationship between the environmental scanning (operation) and the overall achievement of the organisation's performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is limited to the Malaysian context, and, hence, the findings cannot be applied generally.Practical implicationsThis study could be used effectively as a road map to assist the council members, senior staff and stakeholders in evaluating their success and steering the organisation's performance and sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper provides important insights into the performance of local governments in Malaysia. To the authors' knowledge, this study is the first attempt to look at a more holistic perspective in exploring environmental scanning of LAs in the country. Increased understanding in this area is of critical importance in relation to implementing effectively the current and future modernisation and reform initiatives. It is of interest to both researchers and practitioners.
Lemonade from Lemons: The Taphonomic Effect of Lawn Mowers on Skeletal Remains
Authors: Martin DC , Dabbs Gretchen R. , Roberts Lindsey G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study provides a descriptive analysis of the taphonomic changes produced by passing over skeletonized remains (n = 4, Sus scrofa) with three common lawn mowers. Two skeletons were mowed over with a riding lawn mower set at multiple blade heights (10.16, 7.62, 5.08 cm) and one each with a rotary mower (9.53, 6.35 cm) and a mulching mower (6.35 cm). Results show that different types of common lawn mowers will produce different patterns of bone dispersal and fragmentation rates. Overall, skeletal elements projecting upward from the surface frequently exhibited a sheared morphology characterized by a smooth, flat, cut surface (7.0–7.6% of elements). The push mowers yielded a higher frequency of undamaged bone than the riding mower (54.8–61.2% vs. 17.7%), and the riding mower created more catastrophic damage to skeletal elements. Additionally, each mower produced a distinct dispersal pattern of skeletal fragments. The dispersal patterns have been identified as “bull's‐eye” (riding), circular (mulching), and discontinuous rectangle (rotary).
Raman Spectroscopy as a Simple, Rapid, Nondestructive Screening Test for Methamphetamine in Clandestine Laboratory Liquids
Authors: Triplett Jeremy S. , Hatfield Jennifer A. , Kaeff Tracy L. , Ramsey Christopher R. , Robinson Susan D. , Standifer Allison F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has found increased use in the forensic controlled substances laboratory in recent years due to its rapid and nondestructive analysis capabilities. Here, Raman spectroscopy as a screening test for methamphetamine in clandestine laboratory liquid samples is discussed as a way to improve the efficiency of a laboratory by identifying the most probative samples for further workup among multiple samples submitted for analysis. Solutions of methamphetamine in ethanol, diethyl ether, and Coleman fuel were prepared in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 10% w/v, and Raman spectra of each were collected. A concentration‐dependant Raman peak was observed at 1003 per cm in each solution in 4% w/v and greater solutions. Case samples were analyzed and also found to reliably contain this diagnostic peak when methamphetamine was present. The use of this diagnostic indicator can save the forensic controlled substances laboratory time and materials when analyzing clandestine laboratory liquid submissions.
Immunoadsorption for Pregnancy‐Associated Severe Acquired Hemophilia
Authors: Zeitler Heike , Ulrich‐Merzenich Gudrun , Marquardt Natascha , Oldenburg Johannes , Goldmann Georg 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPostpartum hemorrhage is a common cause of maternal mortality. Acquired hemophilia (AH) is a rare, life‐threatening bleeding disorder induced by autoantibodies against coagulation factors (inhibitors). We report about eight patients with postpartum AH (out of 82). Seven AH patients with severe bleeding complications were treated by the “Modified Bonn‐Malmö Protocol (MBMP)” which consists of inhibitor elimination via immunoadsorption (IA) in combination with immunosuppression and high‐dose Factor VIII substitution. One patient was treated only by immunosuppression. Seven out of eight patients with severe AH and mean inhibitor titers (IT) of 118 BU/mL were referred to our center. They were severe cases with a median delay of diagnosis of 30.5 days (range 7–278 days). After a median of 3 IA sessions (range 3–5 days), no inhibitor was detectable. The factor substitution was discontinued after a median of 13 IA sessions (range 8–24 days) and IA was terminated after a median of 15 sessions (range 9–27 days). One less severe affected patient (IT: 2.1 BU/mL) received prednisolone (1.5 mg/kg BW) for 120 days. Complete remission was achieved in all patients with a median follow‐up of 100 months (range 56–126 m). The delayed diagnosis of pregnancy‐associated AH leads to a high bleeding risk with bleeding associated complications. Immunoadsorption offers an important treatment option in severe AH, enabling a fast reconstitution of the blood coagulation with a reduced time for the Factor VIII substitution and for immunosuppressive treatment. In cases of postpartum bleeding the diagnosis of AH should be routinely considered.
Is the extant southern short‐tailed opossum a pigmy sabretooth predator?
Authors: Blanco R. E. , Jones W. W. , Milne N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHypertrophied canines evolved several times among mammalian carnivores. Several palaeobiological hypotheses related to sabretooth evolution and killing behaviours have been suggested based on biomechanical and functional considerations. However, the lack of well‐studied extant analogues makes it difficult to test these hypotheses. Here we propose the South American short‐tailed opossum Monodelphis dimidiata as a living analogue of extinct sabretooth predators. Our morphological analysis shows that M. dimidiata not only has relatively the largest canines among extant marsupial carnivores, but they are also within the range of those of sabretooth predators. It also has cranial adaptations for a wide gape typical of sabretooth carnivores. The small body size of this species allows further biological studies that can provide useful information to understand the evolution, behaviour and physiology of extinct sabretooth carnivores.
Humanist Hagiography in England, c. 1480 – c. 1520
Authors: Henry Joni 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn late medieval and early Tudor England, a handful of humanist writers attempted to combine the traditional religious genre of hagiography with humanist literary style, a style newly fashionable in England, which sought to imitate classical Latin literature. This created a strange hybrid genre: the humanist hagiography. The genre attracted some of the leading literary figures of late fifteenth‐ and early sixteenth‐century England, including the Tudor court poets, Pietro Carmeliano and Bernard André, the prolific humanist translator, Alexander Barclay, and the printer, Richard Pynson. Their humanist saints' lives experimented with classical Latin metres and were among the first works in England to adopt humanist script, printing and publishing practices. Despite this, they have been largely ignored by modern scholars, with the notable exception of David Carlson. This article introduces the most important examples, Carmeliano's Life of St Katherine, André's Hymni Christiani and Barclay's translation of Mantuan's Life of St George, discusses recent studies of these works, and suggests further areas for research in this largely and unjustly neglected field. The humanist hagiographies of England deserve more scholarly attention; they are a fascinating late example of medieval hagiography's rich tradition of reinvention and innovation, as well as important reminders of the centrality of religion in early English humanism.
Global distribution ofRisso's dolphinGrampus griseus: a review and critical evaluation
Authors: Jefferson Thomas A. , Weir Caroline R. , Anderson R. Charles , Ballance Lisa T. , Kenney Robert D. , Kiszka Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe global range ofRisso's dolphinGrampus griseusis not well known, and there has been confusion in the literature as to whether the species has a broad, circumglobal range or only occurs along continental margins.To clarify the species' distribution and habitat preferences, we compiled and reviewed all available (published and unpublished) records of sightings and captures of this species for the past 62 years (1950–2012,n = 8068 records). Stranding records were not included.The results showed that the species has a range that extends across ocean basins and spans between at least 64°N and 46°S, and is apparently absent from high‐latitude polar waters. Although Risso's dolphins occur in all habitats from coastal to oceanic, they show a strong range‐wide preference for mid‐temperate waters of the continental shelf and slope between 30° and 45° latitude.Although a number of misconceptions about the distributional ecology of Risso's dolphin have existed, this analysis showed that it is a widespread species. It strongly favours temperate waters and prefers continental shelf and slope waters to oceanic depths. These habitat preferences appear to hold throughout much or all of the species' range.