bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence on changes in time varying volatility around bonus and rights issue announcements
Authors: Malhotra Madhuri , Thenmozhi M. , Arun Kumar G. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the short‐term and long‐term stock price volatility changes around bonus and rights issue announcements, using historical volatility estimation and time varying volatility approach.Design/methodology/approachChanges in volatility around bonus and rights issues have been examined using the following methodologies. First, to capture historical volatility, change in standard deviation for 20 days and 100 days before and after announcement have been examined. Second, change in time varying volatility and unconditional volatility is examined using GARCH (1, 1) model.FindingsThe results indicate that the historical volatility has increased after bonus and rights issue announcement. The volatility persistence and unconditional variance have increased after the bonus and rights issue announcements. This evidence, extendable to any other type of issue announcement, is consistent with theories stating that volatility increases after the seasoned capital issue announcements.Originality/valueThis study analyses historical volatility, volatility persistence and unconditional volatility around bonus and rights issue announcements, which has not been observed in the previous literature. This study fills the gap in literature by empirically examining the change in short‐ and long‐term volatility before and after bonus and rights issue announcements. Moreover, measuring volatility using GARCH model overcomes the potential problem of heteroscedasticity associated with cross‐sectional data. The change in volatility persistence and unconditional volatility before and after the announcement are also examined. This study is useful for researchers and practitioners specialized in finance, international business and management, and professionals in the area of commercial policy development in emerging markets.
A replacement method in evaluating the performance of international mutual funds
Authors: Reza Tavakoli Baghdadabad Mohammad 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to appraise the risk‐adjusted performance of international mutual funds using measures generated by the optimized variance (OV), and to promote ability of portfolio managers and investors in making logical decisions.Design/methodology/approachThis study appraises the performance of 65 international mutual funds via the optimized risk‐adjusted measures during monthly period of 2001‐2010. Using 65 linear programming models, the OV is calculated to optimize the standard deviation of any funds. Then, another model is run to get the OV of market index. Consequently, seven optimized performance measures namely Treynor, Sharpe, Jensen's alpha, M‐squared, information ratio (IR), MSR, and FPI along with the optimized leverage factor are proposed to evaluate the performance of these mutual funds. Finally, the optimized measures are used to evaluate the funds during pre and post‐crisis periods in order to compare the funds' performance over the crisis periods.FindingsThe empirical evidence detects which OV, as measured by the Markowitz's linear programming model, is an important determinant in the performance evaluation measures. Using OV statistic and also its standard deviation, this paper shows that new optimized measures are mostly over‐performed rather than the benchmark index; in addition these optimized measures have close correlation with the conventional performance measures. The evidence shows that the average of the optimized measures during crisis has the lowest performance in comparison with other research periods. The results therefore highlight the importance of using the new optimized measures along with the conventional measures in the evaluation of mutual funds' performance.Research limitations/implicationsIt can be worthwhile to compare the optimized measure and also the conventional measures in identifying their superior measures.Practical implicationsThe result of this study can be directly used as initial data to make decision by investors and portfolio managers who are seeking the possibility of participating in the global stock market through international mutual funds.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first studies that optimizes the variance of return for any fund to suggest four optimized measures of Sharpe, IR, MSR, and FPI, and then proposes a new linear programming model to get OV of market index in introducing four optimized new measures of Treynor, M‐square, Jensen's alpha, and leverage factor.
Serving culturally diverse e‐learners in business schools
Authors: van de Bunt‐Kokhuis Sylvia , Weir David 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight how future teaching in business schools will probably take place in an online (here called 24/7) classroom, where culturally diverse e‐learners around the globe meet. Technologies such as iPhone, iPad and a variety of social media, to mention but a few, give management learners of any age easy 24/7 access to information. Depending on the quality of the materials and the competences and cross‐cultural sensibilities of the teachers and trainers, this information may support the progress of e‐learning in business schools. At the same time, easy online access to knowledge and educational structures is not, in practice, equally available yet across cultures, and this will be documented with comparative cases from the Arab world and African learning communities.Design/methodology/approachThis article contributes to multicultural education by identifying various barriers in the online management classroom. It combines theories from educational and cross‐cultural leadership studies, as well as e‐learning studies.FindingsThe outcomes of this analysis show how technical, language and cross‐cultural barriers still hinder particular adult learners to benefit from the “24/7 business school”. It is concluded that by understanding and serving a wide range of culturally diverse e‐learners in business schools, the stewardship role of the business school teacher is key.Originality/valueThe interplay between technical, language and cultural barriers in the online business school is rarely reflected upon. It is the intention of the authors to trigger a broad discussion process by focusing on culturally diverse management learners and by connecting with innovative educational insights across histories and cultures.
Keeping relationships positive or doing things right
Authors: Chao Chin‐Chung , Tian Dexin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe present study aims at contributing to the knowledge of organizational communication and cross‐cultural female leadership by examining conflict management strategies between Taiwanese female presidents and their American counterparts in Rotary Clubs.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through field observations and 25 in‐depth interviews with 14 Taiwanese female presidents and 11 American female presidents in Rotary Clubs. Theme analysis of the interpretive method was used in this research.FindingsThis study revealed that the female presidents in both cultures applied obliging and integrating strategies to handle management conflicts. Yet, due to the interference of past presidents, the Taiwanese women leaders are more likely to follow the traditional norms whereas women leaders in the United States tend to employ new approaches and adopt new conflict management strategies in different situations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has focused on exploring the conflict management strategies of only the female presidents in the Rotary Clubs in Taiwan and the USA rather than male presidents. There may be differences in conflict management between genders.Practical implicationsThe application of conflict management strategies may be determined by the factors of face, in‐group relationships, and roles of the invited third party for Taiwanese subjects whereas American subjects usually adopt appropriate strategies according to the nature of the conflicts. That is, the Taiwanese female leaders would endeavor to keep relationships positive or/and keep positive relationships with their members while the American female leaders would strive do things right or/and do the right things for their conflict strategy application.Originality/valueAs the first study of its kind, this study fills a research gap by expanding female conflict management studies to cross‐cultural contexts, thus contributing to the body of human knowledge of cross‐cultural leadership in non‐profit organizations.
Specificities of EU cluster policies
Authors: Obadić Alka 
Published: March 2013

PurposeDuring the 1990s, most European countries have increased their interest in the direction of industrial districts, clusters and local production systems as an integral part of their industrial policy. At the same time, there have been significant changes in the consideration of industrial policy in Europe. The aim of this paper is to analyze two basic approaches in the development of cluster initiatives in the formation of cluster policy.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes two basic approaches in the development of cluster initiatives in the formation of cluster policy: top‐down and bottom‐up approach. The analysis also points to the diversity of national approaches in terms of policy clusters, but in the same time at some common trends.FindingsThe development of cluster policy is still at an early stage in most countries. There are also significant differences among the countries of Eastern and Western Europe. Among those countries that have adopted the policy of the cluster after 2000, are mostly small countries in terms of population and/or geographical size of countries in Eastern Europe.Originality/valuePolicies that encourage cluster formation have to be developed, particularly in developing countries and countries in transition that are seeking their place in the international market.
The influence of international trade of goods of the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Kovač Ivan , Kovač Ivana 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the influence of international trade of goods of Croatia in the period from 2001 till 2010. The study shows contribution of exports and imports of goods on the real GDP growth, in time which represented the global economic crisis, of Croatia in comparison to other European countries in the region. International trade has developed as a fast solution from the crisis of every affected national economy.Design/methodology/approachTo determine previous comprehension of the problems of this research, the data were collected by documentary analysis of domestics and foreign scientific and academic literature. The data were complemented by statistics provided by Croatian Bureau of Statistics, Croatian National Bank, Eurostat and authors' own calculations of the data collected. The paper aims to clarify the level of international trade of goods, imports dependency, exports propensity, and degree of openness and involvement of Croatia in the international trade of goods.FindingsThis study implies that for the Croatian economy, its growth and the development, it is important to raise profit in exports which would result in higher coverage of imports by exports. Main focus in this research is to explore the Croatian industry, its development, competitiveness and international integration; thereby investigate foreign trade of goods. Exports of goods don't have a significant positive contribution to the realised GDP growth rate of Croatia such as other countries in the region.Originality/valueIt is suggested that international market success depends on the competitive ability of all business subjects included in the international trade.
A conceptual valuation framework (VF) for home telecare system devices
Authors: Collinge William H. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present a conceptual valuation framework to allow telecare service stakeholders to assess telecare devices in the home in terms of their social, psychological and practical effects. The framework enables telecare service operators to more effectively engage with the social and psychological issues resulting from telecare technology deployment in the home and to design and develop appropriate responses as a result.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a contextual background for the need for sociologically pitched tools that engage with the social and cultural feelings of telecare service users before presenting the valuation framework and how it could be used.FindingsA conceptual valuation framework is presented for potential development/use.Research limitations/implicationsThe valuation framework has yet to be extensively tested or verified.Practical implicationsThe valuation framework needs to be tested and deployed by a telecare service operator but the core messages of the paper are valid and interesting for readership.Social implicationsIn addressing the social and cultural perspectives of telecare service stakeholders, the paper makes a link between the technologies in the home, the feelings and orientations of service users (e.g. residents, emergency services, wardens, etc.) and the telecare service operator.Originality/valueThe paper is an original contribution to the field as it details how the sociological orientations of telecare technology service users should be valued and addressed by service operators. It has a value through the conceptual arguments made and through valuation framework presented.
The politics of securing borders and the identities of disease
Authors: Taylor Rosemary C.R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article compares the policies adopted by Britain, France and Germany to cope with health threats thought to be posed by entrants and migrants and explains why these governments screened at their borders for tuberculosis but not for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). In order to understand these outcomes, we must recognise that diseases acquire durable identities, conditioned by collective imaginaries and institutional contexts when they first come to attention, which bias subsequent decisions, notably about how to balance the value of mandatory testing against the rights of the individual.
Association Between Preoperative Diuretic Use and In‐hospital Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Bandeali Salman J. , Kayani Waleed T. , Lee Vei‐Vei , Elayda MacArthur , Alam Mahboob , Huang Henry D. , Wilson James M. , Jneid Hani , Birnbaum Yochai , Deswal Anita , Farmer John , Ballantyne Christie M. , Virani Salim S. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundThere is a paucity of evidence on the association between preoperative diuretics use and outcomes following cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that diuretic use prior to cardiac surgery will be associated with adverse in‐hospital clinical outcomes.MethodsWe evaluated patients undergoing cardiac surgery at a single institution between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2011. Patients were grouped as follows: isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n = 8759), CABG plus valve surgery (n = 1188), and valve surgery only (n = 2646). A fourth group “All cardiac surgery” is comprised of patients from all three groups. Preoperative diuretic use was defined as patient on any diuretic till the day of surgery. Primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse events (MAEs) defined as the composite of mortality, postoperative renal dysfunction, myocardial infarction, stroke, and new‐onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Logistic regression analysis and propensity score matching were performed.ResultsWe included 12,593 patients [3546 on diuretic (28%)]. After logistic regression analyses, preoperative diuretic use was associated with an increased risk of the following: (1) MAE among all groups except the concomitant CABG and valve surgery group, (2) AF in “All cardiac surgery” and isolated CABG groups, (3) postoperative renal dysfunction in all groups. After propensity score matching (n = 3050 in each group), preoperative diuretic use was significantly associated with MAE (48% vs. 43%; P < 0.0001), postoperative renal dysfunction (19% vs. 14%; P < 0.0001), and AF (34% vs. 32%; P = 0.03) in the “All cardiac surgery” group.ConclusionPreoperative diuretics use is associated with an increased incidence of MAEs after cardiac surgery.
Association of slugs with the fungal pathogen Epichloë typhina (Ascomycotina: Clavicipitaceae): potential role in stroma fertilisation and disease spread
Authors: Hoffman G.D. , Rao S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEpichloë spp. are endophytes of grasses, and form epiphytic external stromata on flowering tillers. E. typhina was first noticed infecting Dactylis glomerata (= orchardgrass, cocksfoot) stands in the Willamette Valley in 1996, and soon became the primary factor limiting the longevity of seed production fields. Several species of slugs are present in these fields, and we investigated their role in E. typhina biology. Pre‐dawn surveys of D. glomerata fields in 2009 and 2010 found Prophysaon andersoni and Arion subfuscus slugs feeding on the fungal stromata. When unfertilised and fertilised immature stromata predominated, approximately 80% of the individuals of these two species that were seen on plants were found on the stromata. As the majority of stromata reached maturity the presence of these species on stromata declined to between 20–40%. The common agricultural slug pest, Deroceras reticulatum, was on stromata only 20% of the time early in the season, and declined to <5% at stromata maturity. Observations of frass from slugs determined that the most common constituent was the food sources upon which the slug species was usually found during these surveys. Typically 100% of the frass from P. andersoni and A. subfuscus contained stroma material, compared to 25% for D. reticulatum. Spermatia, and ascospores later in the season, were commonly seen in the frass of slugs that consumed stromata. Some slugs that had no stroma material in their frass appeared to have consumed spermatia and ascospores from the leaf surface. A multiple‐choice laboratory test confirmed the different proportional preferences of P. andersoni and D. reticulatum for stroma (0.72 vs 0.20) and leaf (0.07 vs 0.38), respectively. Two laboratory multiple‐choice tests, and a field survey, found that P. andersoni preferred unfertilised and immature stroma over mature stroma. D. reticulatum is the most common and abundant slug in Willamette Valley grass seed fields, yet it is the least likely to move spermatia between unfertilised stromata, or ascospores to uninfected plants. P. andersoni and A. subfuscus are mycophagous, frequently transport viable spermatia and ascospores in their frass; yet they are generally confined to field edges. Data and observations suggest the role of slugs in the epidemiology of E. typhina is small compared to other factors.
Providers' Perceptions of the Factors Influencing the Implementation of the New York State Mandatory HIV Testing Law in Two Urban Academic Emergency Departments
Authors: Schnall Rebecca , Clark Sunday , Olender Susan , Sperling Jeremy D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesOf the 1.1 million people in the United States infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), more than 20% are unaware of their infection. To increase early diagnosis and treatment, New York State recently passed legislation mandating that HIV testing be offered to all patients, ages 13 to 64 years, receiving health care services. Implementation of this legislation is complex, especially in the emergency department (ED). This study explores ED providers' perceptions of the factors affecting the implementation of the law.MethodsThe authors conducted six focus group sessions and three in‐depth interviews with ED health care providers from two New York City teaching hospitals. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were coded and summarized thematically through an iterative process after each session.ResultsA total of 49 providers participated and data saturation was achieved. Six factors were identified that predispose a provider to offer an HIV test: 1) self‐efficacy, 2) behavioral intention, 3) the testing process, 4) provider knowledge of the legislation, 5) type of HIV test, and 6) follow‐up procedures. Five factors were identified that enable providers to offer an HIV test: 1) resources related to time, 2) space, 3) staff, 4) type of test, and 5) timing of the offer. Improving access to HIV testing, linkage to care, and public health were all key factors in reinforcing providers' desire to offer HIV tests. Concerns regarding overall cost saving and coverage for the test were indicated as barriers that needed to be resolved to reinforce the providers to offer an HIV test.ConclusionsUnderstanding the factors influencing the practice of ED providers charged with carrying out this mandate is critical. Despite earlier research that indicated that offering HIV testing to ED patients is largely influenced by cost, this study found additional factors that are important to consider to effectively implementing HIV testing in the ED.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellow Training in Ultrasound: Consensus Educational Guidelines
Authors: Vieira Rebecca L. , Hsu Deborah , Nagler Joshua , Chen Lei , Gallagher Rachel , Levy Jason A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe importance of point‐of‐care emergency ultrasound (EUS) to the practice of emergency medicine (EM) is well established, and mounting research continues to demonstrate how EUS can benefit pediatric emergency department (ED) patients. As members of the EM community, pediatric EM (PEM) physicians should understand the potential value of EUS and seek opportunities to incorporate EUS into their daily practice. Currently, EUS education and training is at an early developmental stage for PEM fellows and varies greatly between programs. The goal of this article is to provide consensus education guidelines and to describe a sample curriculum that can be used by PEM fellowship programs when developing or revising their US training curricula. The authors recognize that programs may be at different stages of EUS development and will consequently need to tailor curricula to individual institutional needs and capabilities. This guideline was developed through a collaborative process between EUS educators and members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of EM Fellowship Directors Subcommittee. The guideline includes the following topics: important considerations regarding EUS in PEM, PEM US program framework, PEM US curriculum, PEM US education program, and competency assessment.