bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An endoscopic overview of the anterior vitreous base in retinal detachment and anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Boscher Claude , Kuhn Ferenc 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeAnterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is an important cause of persistent or recurrent retinal detachment (RD). Endoscopy provides 360° panoramic viewing of the vitreous cavity and high‐magnification viewing of the anterior vitreous base (AVB). This study describes the ‘in vivo’ anatomy and pathoanatomy of the AVB using an ocular endoscope in RD and anterior PVR.MethodsAn intraoperative analysis of over 2000 consecutive eyes undergoing vitrectomy for RD operated with endoscopy‐assisted vitrectomy was performed. It was recorded in notes dictated during surgery and in standardized operative reports. Around 1500 surgical videotapes, with the exclusion of diabetic retinopathy and trauma, selected by reviewing the OR reports and notes were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsSeven endoscopic criteria associated with anterior PVR complicating RD are described: ‘en bloc’ stiff anterior vitreous retraction, ciliary detachment, seeding of the AVB by abundant pigmented and/or white granulations, anterior tissue displacement, stiff ‘wrinkling’ at the vitreoretinal juncture, persistent shallow ciliary/RD under perfluorocarbon liquids and traction‐related retinal surface haemorrhages. Causes responsible for failure of conventional vitrectomy for RD are highlighted. Findings in case of hypotony and cyclitic membranes are described.ConclusionsEndoscopy is a significant adjunct to our understanding of the development of anterior loop traction by obviating the two constitutive parts of the AVB, anterior and posterior, their interconnections and their respective connections to the anterior segment and to the retina. It provides a unique evaluation and thorough eradication of the anterior vitreous cortex as a scaffold for anterior PVR. It might be an adjunct to the prevention of anterior PVR.
Effect of expanded cottonseed meal on laying performance, egg quality, concentrations of free gossypol in tissue, serum and egg of laying hens
Authors: Yuan Chao , Song Hua‐hui , Zhang Xiao‐yun , Jiang Yuan‐jing , Zhang Ai‐ting , Azzam Mahmoud Mostafa , Zou Xiao‐ting 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThree hundred and sixty Hy‐Line Brown hens, 40 week of age, were allocated to five treatments, each of which included four replicates of 18 hens. After an expanded process of cottonseed meal (CSM), free gossypol content in CSM was decreased from 1.24 to 0.40 g/kg. The dietary treatments were corn‐soybean meal based diets including 6% CSM and 6%, 8% and 10% expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM). Hens fed 8% ECSM had higher (P < 0.05) laying rate and average egg weight than those fed 6% CSM. The albumen height and Haugh unit in the control group, 6% and 8% ECSM groups were superior (P < 0.05) to other treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM resulted in severe (P < 0.05) egg yolk discoloration. Free gossypol (FG) concentrations in yolk and albumen and tissues of the 6% CSM group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in any ECSM treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM and 10% ECSM had the highest (P < 0.05) FG concentrations in the liver compared with those in the kidney and muscle, and higher (P < 0.05) FG residues in yolk than those in albumen. In conclusion, FG in CSM can be reduced by 68% through an expanded process and ECSM can be available in laying hens at up to 10% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of soybean meal with ECSM may improve performance in laying hens.
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe sickle cell disease in childhood: a single centre experience of 50 patients
Authors: Dedeken Laurence , Lê Phu Q. , Azzi Nadira , Brachet Cécile , Heijmans Catherine , Huybrechts Sophie , Devalck Christine , Rozen Laurence , Ngalula Malou , Ferster Alina 
Published: January 2014

SummaryDespite improvements in medical management, sickle cell disease (SCD) remains associated with severe morbidity and decreased survival. Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative approach. We report the outcome of 50 consecutive children with severe SCD that received HSCT in our unit between November 1988 and April 2013. The stem cell source was bone marrow (n = 39), cord blood (n = 3), bone marrow and cord blood (n = 7) and peripheral blood stem cells (n = 1). All patients had ≥1 severe manifestation: 37 presented with recurrent vaso‐occlusive crises/acute chest syndrome, 27 cerebral vasculopathy and 1 nephropathy. The conditioning regimen consisted of busulfan + cyclophosphamide (BuCy) before November 1991 and BuCy + rabbit antithymocyte globulin after that date. Since 1995, all patients have been treated with hydroxycarbamide (HC) prior to transplantation for a median duration of 2·7 years. Median age at transplantation and median follow‐up was 8·3 and 7·7 years, respectively. Acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) and chronic GVHD were observed in 11 and 10 patients, respectively. An excellent outcome was achieved, with 8‐year overall survival and event‐free survival (EFS) rates of 94·1% and 85·6%, respectively. Since HC introduction, no graft failure occurred and EFS reached 97·4%. Prior treatment with HC may have contributed to successful engraftment.
Enlarging the Nosological Spectrum of Hereditary Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy with Axonal Spheroids (HDLS)
Authors: Hoffmann Sarah , Murrell Jill , Harms Lutz , Miller Kelly , Meisel Andreas , Brosch Thomas , Scheel Michael , Ghetti Bernardino , Goebel Hans‐Hilmar , Stenzel Werner 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids (HDLS) is an autosomal dominant disease clinically characterized by cognitive decline, personality changes, motor impairment, parkinsonism and seizures. Recently, mutations in the colony‐stimulating factor‐1 receptor (CSF1R) gene have been shown to be associated with HDLS. We report clinical, neuropathological and molecular genetic findings of patients from a new family with a mutation in the CSF1R gene. Disease onset was earlier and disease progression was more rapid compared with previously reported patients. Psychiatric symptoms including personality changes, alcohol abuse and severe depression were the first symptoms in male patients. In the index, female patient, the initial symptom was cognitive decline. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed bilateral, confluent white matter lesions in the cerebrum. Stereotactic biopsy revealed loss of myelin and microglial activation as well as macrophage infiltration of the parenchyma. Numerous axonal swellings and spheroids were present. Ultrastructural analysis revealed pigment‐containing macrophages. Axonal swellings were detected by electron microscopy not only in the central nervous system (CNS) but also in skin nerves. We identified a heterozygous mutation (c.2330G>A, p.R777Q) in the CSF1R gene. Through this report, we aim to enlarge the nosological spectrum of HDLS, providing new clinical descriptions as well as novel neuropathological findings from the peripheral nervous system.
An intracellular redox sensor for reactive oxygen species at the M3‐M4 linker of GABAAρ1 receptors
Authors: Beltrán González Andrea N , Gasulla Javier , Calvo Daniel J 
Published: January 2014

Background and PurposeReactive oxygen species (ROS) are normally involved in cell oxidative stress but also play a role as cellular messengers in redox signalling; for example, modulating the activity of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels. However, the direct actions of ROS on GABAA receptors were not previously demonstrated. In the present work, we studied the effects of ROS on GABAAρ1 receptor function.Experimental ApproachGABAAρ1 receptors were expressed in oocytes and GABA‐evoked responses electrophysiologically recorded in the presence or absence of ROS. Chemical protection of cysteines by selective sulfhydryl reagents and site‐directed mutagenesis studies were used to identify protein residues involved in ROS actions.Key ResultsGABAAρ1 receptor‐mediated responses were significantly enhanced in a concentration‐dependent and reversible manner by H2O2. Potentiating effects were attenuated by a free radical scavenger, lipoic acid or an inhibitor of the Fenton reaction, deferoxamine. Each ρ1 subunit contains only three cysteine residues, two extracellular at the Cys‐loop (C177 and C191) and one intracellular (C364) at the M3‐M4 linker. Mutant GABAAρ1 receptors in which C364 was exchanged by alanine were completely insensitive to modulation, implying that this site, rather than a cysteine in the Cys‐loop, is essential for ROS modulation.Conclusion and ImplicationsOur results show that the function of GABAAρ1 receptors is enhanced by ROS and that the intracellular C364 is the sensor for ROS actions.
Spatio‐temporal Genetic Structure of a Tropical Bee Species Suggests High Dispersal Over a Fragmented Landscape
Authors: Suni Sevan S. , Bronstein Judith L. , Brosi Berry J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHabitat destruction threatens biodiversity by reducing the amount of available resources and connectivity among geographic areas. For organisms living in fragmented habitats, population persistence may depend on dispersal, which maintains gene flow among fragments and can prevent inbreeding within them. It is centrally important to understand patterns of dispersal for bees living in fragmented areas given the importance of pollination systems and recently documented declines in bee populations. We used population and landscape genetic techniques to characterize patterns of dispersal over a large fragmented area in southern Costa Rica for the orchid bee species Euglossa championi. First, we estimated levels of genetic differentiation among forest fragments as ϕPT, an analog to the traditional summary statistic FST, as well as two statistics that may more adequately represent levels of differentiation, G’ST and Dest. Second, we used a Bayesian approach to determine the number and composition of genetic groups in our sample. Third we investigated how genetic differentiation changes with distance. Fourth, we determined the extent to which deforested areas restrict dispersal. Finally, we estimated the extent to which there were temporal differences in allele frequencies within the same forest fragments. Within years we found low levels of differentiation even over 80 km, and no effect of land use type on level of genetic differentiation. However, we found significant genetic differentiation between years. Taken together our results suggest that there are high levels of gene flow over this geographic area, and that individuals show low site fidelity over time.
The Development of Children's Prelife Reasoning: Evidence From Two Cultures
Authors: Emmons Natalie A. , Kelemen Deborah 
Published: January 2014

Two studies investigated children's reasoning about their mental and bodily states during the time prior to biological conception—“prelife.” By exploring prelife beliefs in 5‐ to 12‐year‐olds (N = 283) from two distinct cultures (urban Ecuadorians, rural indigenous Shuar), the studies aimed to uncover children's untutored intuitions about the essential features of persons. Results showed that with age, children judged fewer mental and bodily states to be functional during prelife. However, children from both cultures continued to privilege the functionality of certain mental states (i.e., emotions, desires) relative to bodily states (i.e., biological, psychobiological, perceptual states). Results converge with afterlife research and suggest that there is an unlearned cognitive tendency to view emotions and desires as the eternal core of personhood.
Systemic effect of water fluoridation on dental caries prevalence
Authors: Cho Hyun‐Jae , Jin Bo‐Hyoung , Park Deok‐Young , Jung Se‐Hwan , Lee Heung‐Soo , Paik Dai‐Il , Bae Kwang‐Hak 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic effect of water fluoridation on dental caries prevalence and experience in Cheongju, South Korea, where water fluoridation ceased 7 years previously.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was employed at two schools where water fluoridation had ceased (WF‐ceased area) and at two schools where the water had never been fluoridated (non‐WF area). The schools in the non‐WF area were of a similar population size to the schools in the WF‐ceased area. Children of three age groups were examined in both areas: aged 6 (n = 505), 8 (n = 513), and 11 years (n = 467). The differences in the mean number of decayed or filled primary teeth (dft) and the mean number of decayed, missing, or filled permanent teeth (DMFT) scores between areas after adjusting for oral health behaviors and socio‐demographic factors were analyzed by a Poisson regression model.ResultsThe regression model showed that the DMFT ratio for children aged 11 years in the WF‐ceased area was 0.581 (95% CI 0.450–0.751). In contrast, the dft ratio for age 6 in the WF‐ceased area was 1.158 (95% CI 1.004–1.335). Only the DMFT ratio for age 8 (0.924, 95% CI 0.625–1.368) was not significant.ConclusionsWhile 6‐year‐old children who had not ingested fluoridated water showed higher dft in the WF‐ceased area than in the non‐WF area, 11‐year‐old children in the WF‐ceased area who had ingested fluoridated water for approximately 4 years after birth showed significantly lower DMFT than those in the non‐WF area. This suggests that the systemic effect of fluoride intake through water fluoridation could be important for the prevention of dental caries.
A prospective pilot study to assess neoadjuvant chemotherapy for unresectable peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer
Authors: Hompes D. , Aalbers A. , Boot H. , van Velthuysen M.‐L. , Vogel W. , Prevoo W. , van Tinteren H. , Verwaal V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTwelve to 13% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) develop peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), the majority of whom present with unresectable disease. This study aimed to document the actual response rate to and response characteristics of preoperative modern systemic chemotherapy in this patient group.MethodPatients underwent a positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan, laparoscopy and peritoneal biopsy to document unresectable PC. After four courses of preoperative chemotherapy (capecitabine/oxaliplatin ± bevacizumab), the extent of PC was re‐evaluated by PET/CT(or CT), laparoscopy and peritoneal biopsy (if considered safe).ResultsTen patients (seven men, three women) with good performance status of median age 60.3 (45.6–72.8) years were studied. The first laparoscopy documented unresectable PC. One patient was excluded because of systemic metastases on PET/CT. Nine proceeded to follow the trial protocol. Of these, one developed early progressive disease, two had macroscopically stable disease and five had progressive disease at second laparoscopy. One patient developed a small bowel perforation at first laparoscopy and received palliative chemotherapy outside the protocol, after which progressive disease was found at an explorative laparotomy. Thus, 7 (78%) patients with unresectable PC from CRC developed progressive disease under neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 2 (22%) patients remained stable. No clear macroscopic response to chemotherapy could be demonstrated.ConclusionUnresectable PC from CRC does not respond well to systemic chemotherapy.
Alcohol, masculinity, honour and male barroom aggression in an Australian sample
Authors: Miller Peter , Wells Samantha , Hobbs Rhianna , Zinkiewicz Lucy , Curtis Ashlee , Graham Kathryn 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe link between alcohol and men's aggression is well established, although growing evidence also points to individual and learned social factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between male alcohol‐related aggression (MARA) among young Australian men and heavy episodic drinking, trait aggression, masculinity, concerns about social honour and expected positive consequences of MARA.Design and MethodsThe total sample comprised 170 men aged 18–25 years who completed an online questionnaire exploring beliefs and attitudes towards MARA.ResultsThose who reported heavy episodic drinking were more likely to be involved in an incident of MARA. In addition, those who were involved in MARA had higher levels of trait aggression, concern for social honour and expected positive consequences of aggression in bars than did those without such involvement. The relationship between socially constructed masculinity factors (a combined variable reflecting masculinity, social honour and expected positive consequences) and MARA was mediated by heavy episodic drinking. Social honour accounted for almost all of the predictive power of masculinity factors. Heavy episodic drinking and trait aggression remained significant predictors of MARA in a multivariate model.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings from the current study may assist in developing preventative techniques for young men which target masculinity concerns and the consequences of participating in MARA. [Miller P, Wells S. Alcohol, masculinity, honour and male barroom aggression in an Australian sample. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:136–143]
F‐18 FDG PET/CT quantization parameters as predictors of outcome in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Gallicchio Rosj , Mansueto Giovanna , Simeon Vittorio , Nardelli Anna , Guariglia Roberto , Capacchione Daniela , Soscia Ernesto , Pedicini Piernicola , Gattozzi Domenico , Musto Pellegrino , Storto Giovanni 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimWe evaluated the prognostic significance of standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) obtained by F‐18 FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) in patients with diffuse large B‐cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) presenting intermediate IPI score.Material and MethodsFifty‐two patients (61 ± 13 yr) underwent PET/CT before the first‐line chemotherapy. The mean SUVmax value, the summed MTV (cm3; 42% threshold), and the cumulative TLG (g) were registered. The patients were followed up 18 months thereafter (range 3–41 months). The PET/CT results were compared to the event‐free survival (EFS).ResultsAt univariate analysis, SUVmax and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were predictive, but discordantly. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for SUVmax showed a significant better EFS in patients presenting higher values as compared to those having lesser (P = 0.0002, HR 0.13). Summed MTV and cumulative TLG were not suitable for predicting EFS.ConclusionDespite the availability of new tools for the quantitative assessment of disease activity on PET/CT, the SUVmax rather than MTV and TLG remains the only predictor for EFS in DLBCL patients. The magnitude of glycolytic activity rather than the amount of metabolically active burden holds a predominant value for determining the response to chemotherapy in DLBCL.
Evolutionary shifts to self‐fertilisation restricted to geographic range margins in North American Arabidopsis lyrata
Authors: Griffin P. C. , Willi Y. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCross‐fertilisation predominates in eukaryotes, but shifts to self‐fertilisation are common and ecologically and evolutionarily important. Reproductive assurance under outcross gamete limitation is one eco‐evolutionary process held responsible for the shift to selfing. Although small effective population size is a situation where selfing plants could theoretically benefit from reproductive assurance, empirical tests of the role of population size are rare. Here, we show that selfing evolved repeatedly at range margins, where historical demographic processes produced low effective population sizes. Outcrossing populations of North American Arabidopsis lyrata have low genetic diversity at geographic margins, with a signature of post‐glacial range expansion in the north and rear‐edge isolation in the south. Selfing populations occur at the margins of two genetic groups and never in their interior. These results corroborate small effective population size as the promoter of self‐fertilisation and have important implications for our understanding of species turnover, range limits and range dynamics.
Anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses
Authors: Valentine B. A. , Calderwood Mays M. B. , Cheramie H. S. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryInformation regarding signalment, clinical findings, treatment and outcome of 5 previously reported cases of anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses and of 5 additional cases are summarised. Age was recorded for 9 horses and mean age was 16 years, range 8–23 years. Gender was recorded for 8 horses and 6 of these 8 horses were male horses over 14 years of age. The most common coat colour was bay (6 horses). Other coat colours were palomino (one horse), chestnut (one horse) and black (one horse); coat colour of one non‐grey horse was not specified. Follow‐up information was available for 9 horses and only one horse, a palomino, survived more than 10 months following diagnosis and tail amputation. Surgical excision, including tail amputation and medical therapy with oral cimetidine, was not effective in non‐grey, non‐palomino horses. Tumour recurred on tail tissue remaining after amputation in 2 horses, widespread metastases were documented in 4 cases and metastasis was suspected at the time of death or euthanasia in 3 cases, including one case with amputation site regrowth. No subjective histopathological differences were detected in the palomino horse that survived as compared to horses of other coat colours. Findings suggest that anaplastic malignant melanoma of the tail in non‐grey horses is most often a very aggressive neoplasm, but that there are rare exceptions.
Targeted silencing of DEFB4 in a bioengineered skin‐humanized mouse model for psoriasis: development of siRNA SECosome‐based novel therapies
Authors: Bracke Stefanie , Carretero Marta , Guerrero‐Aspizua Sara , Desmet Eline , Illera Nuria , Navarro Manuel , Lambert Jo , Del Rio Marcela 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPsoriasis is a complex inflammatory skin disease that presents a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Human β defensin‐2 (hBD‐2) is highly up‐regulated in psoriatic lesions and has been defined as a biomarker for disease activity. We explored the potential benefits of targeting hBD‐2 by topical application of DEFB4‐siRNA‐containing SECosomes in a bioengineered skin‐humanized mouse model for psoriasis. A significant improvement in the psoriatic phenotype was observed by histological examination, with a normalization of the skin architecture and a reduction in the number and size of blood vessels in the dermal compartment. Treatment leads to the recovery of transglutaminase activity, filaggrin expression and stratum corneum appearance to the levels similar to those found in normal regenerated human skin. The availability of a reliable skin‐humanized mouse model for psoriasis in conjunction with the use of the SECosome technology may provide a valuable preclinical tool for identifying potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
Perverse Audit Culture and Accountability of the Modern Public University
Authors: Craig Russell , Amernic Joel , Tourish Dennis 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe audit culture which has developed in public universities has led to counter‐productive outcomes. Managerial oversight of academic work has reached a critical tipping point. Extensive auditing of research output by means of performance management assessment regimes motivated by a New Public Management mentality has damaged individual scholarship and threatened academic freedom. Such assessment regimes are perverse and conducive to the development of psychotic tendencies by universities. It is important to understand the effects of a perverse audit culture when re‐thinking and reforming approaches to university performance management. We suggest ways for public universities to acknowledge the need for accountability while remaining true to core academic purposes.