bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Relation between Advanced Oxidation Protein Product and Bone Mass Density in Type 2 Diabetic Patient
Authors: Sabry Inas Mohamed , Maher Mahdy Maram Mohamed , Zaytoun Hossam Abdelhafize , Elhalawany Salah Hussein , Ahmed Abou Elenin Moataz Abdel Monem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Many disorders associated with diabetes, such as oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and body weight, can be considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic bone disorder. Among them, oxidative stress may be a candidate, since it is increased under diabetic conditions and is known to induce cellular dysfunction in a wide variety of cell types. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by high glucose concentrations are also considered to be a causal link between hyperglycemia and other metabolic abnormalities in the development of many diabetic complications.

Aim of the Work
This study evaluated the relation between advanced oxidation protein product and bone mass density in type2 diabetic patient.

Patients and Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted on 90 postmenopausal female patients aged from 50-60 years old, selected from endocrine outpatient clinic of Ain shams university hospitals for 12 months in a period from May 2019 to May 2020.

Results
AOPP was significantly higher in group I (diabetic patients) than group II. There were significant correlations between AOPP and (BMI, HbA1c, forearm, femur, spine T-SCORE) in group I and both groups but there were no significant correlations between AOPP and (menopause duration, age, creatinine, urea, eGFR, Ca level, phosphate level and PTH).

Conclusion
From the results of current study we can conclude that: AOPP is significantly higher in diabetic patient’s more than non-diabetic patients. Higher AOPP levels were associated with lower BMD. BMD of spine was significantly decreased in diabetic patients than other bony parts. AOPP was significantly increased with high BMI, HbA1c level
Frailty in Hemodialysis Patient
Authors: Abou Seif Khaled Hussein , Saied El Sharkawy Magdy Mohamed , Hassan Mohamed Saeed , Hosny Elsayed Atta Ahmed Amgad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Frailty has been defined as a state of increased vulnerability to stressors as a consequence of degeneration in multiple systems. There remain two schools of thought with regard to frailty: one which sees frailty as a physical phenotype characterized by sarcopenia and another that views frailty as an accumulation of deficits across a variety of domains.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of frailty among dialysis population.

Patients and Methods
This cross section study carried out in Hemodialysis Unit of the Nasr City Health Insurance Hospital between October 2020 and July 2021. The total number of the study was 325 hemodialysis patients, 25 were excluded from the study, thus the enrolled final number became 300 hemodialysis patients on maintenance hemodialysis therapy for at least 6 months.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 45.57±11.79 years (range 25-65 years) 50% of them were under 45 years of age. 258 (86%) of patients were males and 42 (14%) females, with male to female ratio about 6.14:1. 37 patients (12.3%) has positive HCV, while the results also show that none of the HBV and HIV of the study group. 10 patients (3.3%) of vulnerable, 89 (29.7%) patients at mild frailty, table also clarified that, 126 (42.0%) patients at moderat4e frailty, furthermore, 75 (25%) patients at severe frailty in Edmonton frail scale. There was significant positive association between frailty and age with p-value &lt;0.001. Males more affected by frailty than females.

Conclusion
The differences in the frailty prevalence among CKD patients could be caused by the different definitions of frailty that each study adopted. It is important to prevent early-onset disability in end-stage renal disease, which may be accelerated by frailty in this patient population, which includes individuals who already carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality. We adopted the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) based on self-report, it is very simple to administer and can be carried out by hemodialysis nursing staff after minimal training, without the need for specialist medical staff, in less than 15 min. Its association with poor short-term outcome highlights its utility in detecting frail patients, but because it is a multi-domain test, it also gives health professionals information about which areas of frailty are affected. This would allow specialists to administer specific, more complex scales to detect deficits in independence for basic and instrumental activities of daily life, cognition, emotional status, and social support. Our findings allow us to recommend the inclusion of the frailty comprehensive assessment of patients starting the dialysis program to timely identification of frailty syndrome.
Evaluation of Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin Level and Asthma Severity in Isolated Asthma in Comparison to Asthma with Allergic Comorbidity
Authors: Osman El Mahdi Eman Naguib , El Sayed Hoda Mohamed , Mohamed Ali Manar Farouk , Mohamed Ibrahim Marwa Hussein , Irobe Abdiwahab Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Asthma and associated type 2 inflammation are observed in 50–70% of patients with asthma and eosinophilic inflammation is a common feature in many asthma patients, and is associated with a higher risk of a more severe disease. Esinophilic Derived Neurotoxin (EDN) it’s useful as a clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of asthma. High levels of EDN have been observed in patients with asthma, with higher levels measured during asthma exacerbations than in those with stable asthma.

Objective
To compare the association of the level of Esinophilic Derived Neurotoxin and burden of asthma in patients with asthma with Allergic comorbidities such as rhinitis and / or eczema compared to patients with asthma alone.

Methods
A cross sectional study included 100 adult patients, 50 patients diagnosed as asthma according to GINA guidelines and 50 patients diagnosed as asthma with allergic comorbidity such as Allergic rhinitis and/or eczema were selected from those who presented to the Allergy and clinical immunology clinics at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period between January to July 2022.

Results
50% of the studied population had bronchial asthma alone while the remaining had asthma with allergic comorbidities with most of them had asthma with allergic rhinitis and Most of the patients with allergic rhinitis had mod/severe persistent AR. 77% of total patients had positive SPT and 23% had negative SPT. Most of the patients had positive result for dust mites (Dermatophagoides farina 35% and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 30%) followed by pollens (mugwort 27%, rye grass 26% and tobacco 13%) and Animal dander (horse hair 15%, sheep wool 14%, cat hair 13% and dog hair 12%). The Median (IQR) of absolute eosinophil count and total IgE were higher in patients with asthma with Allergic comorbidities [0.68 (0.58 – 0.83) cells/mm3 and 155 (120 – 350) IU/ml respectively] while patients with asthma alone were 0.25 (0.12 – 0.45) cells/mm3 and 68.5 (29 – 123) IU/ml respectively. Our study showed the Median (IQR) of Serum EDN level was higher in patients with asthma with Allergic comorbidities [34 (28 – 40) ng/ml] compared to the patients with asthma alone [15(11 – 18) ng/m]. The quality of life and asthma control test was poor in asthmatic patients with allergic comorbidities compared to patients with asthma alone.

Conclusion
Serum EDN, Absolute Eosinophilis and total IgE can be used as a marker of T2 inflammation of air ways as their levels were higher in asthma with Allergic comorbidities. Asthma with comorbidities has more symptom burden with poorer quality of life and lower asthma control test than asthma alone; with more concern to be taken for those patients with asthma comorbidities as they have more severe asthma and poorer quality of life
The Association of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio to the Prognosis of Acute Kidney Injury Patients
Authors: Okba Ashraf Mahmoud , Shaheen Rasha Youssef , Madbouli Norhan Nagdy , AboBakr Ferganey Eman Abdelsalam Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common problem facing clinicians, especially nephrologists, intensive care physicians, general physicians and surgeons. Acute kidney injury is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, manifested by an increase in serum creatinine concentration or oliguria, and classified by stage and cause.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil to lymphocyte and platelet ratio in adult patients with acute kidney injury with various etiologies and to evaluate their role in the prediction of both morbidity and mortality over period of three months.

Patients and Methods
To achieve this goal, we conducted this study on 102 patients who developed acute kidney injury during hospital admission in Ain Shams University hospitals.

Results
he study found no significant differences between PLR and NLP ratios among different AKI stages. NLP ratio showed an inverse correlation with serum creatinine and a positive correlation with estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR), while PLR did not show significant correlation. NLP ratio had the ability to predict the outcome of AKI with significant differences between mortality and recovery cases, while PLR did not have significant ability to predict outcome. NLP ratio showed high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the need for vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, or hemodialysis, while PLR had moderate sensitivity and high specificity in predicting recovery. The study had some limitations, including not enrolling non-AKI control group and not evaluating the effect of certain treatments on the studied markers.

Conclusion
The study had the advantages of being conducted on relatively large sample size and included patients of variable causes of admission. The included patients had also variable causes of AKI and of different AKI stages. The study had some limitations as we did not enroll non- AKI control group. We did not evaluate the effect of certain treatment modalities as some antibiotics or interventions on the studied markers.
Autoimmune Manifestations in a Cohort of Egyptian COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mahmoud El Bakry Samah Abd El Rahman , Mohammad Hawwash Amr Mohammad , Abd El Rahman Sara Ahmed , ElSherbiny Dalia AbdelHamid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
COVID-19 infection can result in a range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to severe, requiring intensive care and ventilatory support. Research has explored the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune conditions, including the detection of autoantibodies in COVID-19 patients. However, results are not conclusive, prompting us to conduct a cross-sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune rheumatic manifestations in a cohort of Egyptian individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods
Ninety individuals with COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients were classified based on WHO criteria and laboratory data was collected. Autoimmune markers (ANA, RF, ACL IgM, ACL IgG) were measured and patients were grouped based on positive and negative results. Correlational analysis was conducted to assess the association between each marker and clinical severity of COVID-19 and autoimmune rheumatological manifestations.

Results
Of the studied patients, 13.3% had a positive ANA, 15.6% had a positive RF, 8.9% had a positive ACL IgM, and 5.6% had a positive ACL IgG. However, there was no statistically significant difference between severity groups regarding the results of ANA, RF, ACL IgM, and IgG. All patients with a positive ANA were present among severe and critical COVID-19 cases, and all patients with positive RF, ACL IgM, or ACL IgG were among moderate, severe, and critical cases.

Conclusion
Our study provides insight into the prevalence of autoimmune rheumatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients. While our results were inconclusive regarding the association between autoimmune markers and severity of disease, we found a statistically significant higher prevalence of several symptoms in critical COVID-19 patients. Our study highlights the importance of further investigation into the relationship between COVID-19 and autoimmune conditions.
Fibro-Scan Based Score and Novel Noninvasive Serum Marker, FGF-21, to Assess Liver Fibrosis in Morbidly Obese Patients
Authors: Biomy Esem , Magdy Mohamed , El Disawe Mustfa Azab 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
(NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of liver disease in the Western world, affecting up to 20- 30% of the general adult population. It is a growing public health problem, because of the increasing prevalence of the pathologies that contribute to its development such as obesity and inflammation status.

Aim of the Work
The study is aimed to develop and validate noninvasive scoring system for assessment liver fibrosis in morbidly obese patients with NAFLD.

Subjects and Methods
This is a Prospective cohort study, was carried out on 50 morbidly obese patients selected from internal medicine department, El Demerdash Hospital, through a period of six months.

Results
There were 32(64.0%) male and 18(35.0%) female with mean age 40.48 (± 12.16) SD. There were 14(27.0%) between (20 -30), 11(22.0%) between (30-40), 9(18.0%) between (40-50) and 16(32.0%) ≥50. Mean Weight (Kg) was 106.6 (± 13.31) SD with range (82.50 – 145.5), mean Height (Cm) was 171.7 (± 6.25) SD with range (158.0 – 185.0), mean BMI (Kg/m2) was 36.17 (± 4.15) SD with range (29.30–43.40), mean Waistcircumference 113.1 (±7.64) SD with range (92.0 – 129.0). There were 37(74.0%) with Co-morbidity. 10(20.0%) have DM, 11(22.0%) have HTN, 11(22.0%) have CDK and 5(10.0%) have COPD.

Conclusion
That the combination of Fibroscan and, APRI, FGF-21 and FIB-4 methods provides a valuable approach for assessing liver fibrosis in NAFLD patients. This can eliminate the need for liver biopsy in patients without clear indication. In addition, several recent studies have also validated the used of non-invasive markers in the diagnosis of NAFLD. The establishment of a national program for the recognition of NAFLD is therefore essential to reduce the risk of liver disease progression.
Prophylactic Intravitreal Methotrexate Infusion during Vitrectomy to Prevent Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Cases of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Fouad Aziz Joseph Hany , El-Shazly Mohamed Abd Al Hakim Zaki Amany A , El-Zarakany Tarek Ahmed El-Ma’moun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim
To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal methotrexate (MTX) infusion (IMI) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) to prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in patients with established PVR grade C and patients at high risk for PVR development.

Settings and Design
A prospective comparative interventional study conducted from September 2020 till November 2021 at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Egypt.

Materials and Methods
Forty-seven eyes of patients with RRD undergoing PPV were divided into case group receiving IMI during the surgery and control group. Each group was subdivided into a subgroup with high-risk patients to develop PVR and a subgroup with established PVR grade C preoperatively. Outcome measures at the end of three months postoperatively were retinal attachment rate, incidence of PVR, reoperation rate to flatten the retina and the changes in retina and/or optic nerve function assessed by full field electroretinogram (ff-ERG) and flash visually evoked potential (VEP)

Results
Seven cases (15%) and four cases (9%) developed PVR after one month and three months respectively. Five cases (10 %) required reoperation to re-flatten the retina, 43 cases (91 %) had complete flattening of the retina after three months. No statistically significant differences were reported between the studied groups regarding the studied outcome measures, and no serious adverse events were reported secondary to IMI.

Conclusion
IMI use was found to be safe in intraocular use, but it did not affect the anatomical success rate.
Key words: Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy, Recurrent Retinal Detachment, Electrophysiology.
Key Messages: More studies need to be conducted to further evaluate if MTX has a role in the prevention of PVR after vitrectomy.
Preoperative, Intraoperative and Post-Operative Optical Coherence Tomography for Pediatric Epiretinal Membranes Presenting with Strabismus
Authors: Alfeky Mariam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To highlight the value of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the surgical decision making process of pediatric epiretinal membranes (ERMs).

Methods
A retrospective interventional case series that included the review of records of pediatric cases with ERMs presenting with strabismus who underwent pars plana vitrectomy by a single surgeon from March 2018 till June 2022. Demographic, clinical, and surgical details were extracted, as well as follow-up visits and outcomes.

Results
Five eyes of 5 cases with unilateral squint secondary to ERM were included. Age at presentation ranged from 2-7 years (mean 3.6 +/- 1.9), The male to female ration was 4:1. Two cases (40%) were idiopathic, 2 (40%) were secondary to familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and 1 (20%) was secondary to traumatic rupture globe. Preoperative and postoperative OCT was obtained in all cases, while preoperative fundus fluorescein angiography was obtained in 4 cases (80%). Intraoperative OCT was used in 4 cases (80%) to confirm complete release of the membrane from the fovea, and ILM was peeled in 3 cases (60%). The decision for surgical intervention and plan of surgery was totally dependent on preoperative OCT to confirm the extent of the ERM and the plane of cleavage. Intraoperative OCT helped assess areas of strong adherence of the membrane to avoid iatrogenic retinal injury. Initial restoration of the foveal anatomy with appearance of the fovea was seen after 3.6 +/- 2.8 months from the surgery with a range of 1-8 months. Squint improvement was seen in all cases. Time range to squint improvement was 1-4 months (mean 2.8 +/- 1.6). One case (20%) continued 4 years of follow up and two cases (40%) terminated follow up at 6 months due to squint improvement. Only one case (20%) showed progressive myopia post-surgery and one case did not achieve complete restoration of the fovea.

Conclusion
Surgical removal of pediatric epiretinal membranes presenting with strabismus leads to squint and visual improvement even if complete restoration of the foveal anatomy has not been reached yet. Combined use of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative OCT in those cases helps better surgical and anatomical outcomes.
Role of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Fundus Photography, and Amsler Grid in Detection of Macular Disorders Associated with High Myopia
Authors: El-Ibiary Hany , Ahmed Ebeid Weam Mohamed , El-shinawy Reham Fawzy , Al Maharekey Kareem Atef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
High myopia refers to ametropia characterized by elongation of optic axis and retinal and choroidal degeneration in the fundus, and high myopic patients present with various degrees of structural and functional retinal changes and thinning of the retinal thickness. Active screening for high myopic patients with imaging techniques by OCT, Fundus photography and amsler grid and providing patients with corresponding treatment on this basis may effectively reduce the risk of irreversible visual function damage.

Objective
To point to the importance of combining OCT, fundus photography with amsler grid testing in patients with high myopia.

Methods
This study was conducted on 40 eyes from EI-Demerdash Hospital outpatient clinic and ophthalmology department investigations unit in the period from June 2021 till May 2022; the patients were 24 females (60.0%) and 16 males (40.0%) with age ranged from 16 to 50 years.

Results
Our investigations gave us an idea about the macular diseases associated with high myopia and the importance of combining use of OCT, fundus imaging and amsler grid with patients with high myopia. These findings consist of chorioretinal atrophy, foveoschisis, choroidal neovascularization, dehiscence of retinal layers known as retinoschisis (foveoschisis or extre foveoschisis), macular holes (lamellar and full thickness), posterior retinal detachment. We can early detect theses changes in macula of highly myopic patients by Amsler grid testing as daily self monitoring and this can be useful in directing the patient to more sophisticated investigation tool like OCT and fundus photography and therefore give the patient the optimal chance to save the vision.

Conclusion
OCT combined with fundus photography and amsler grid testing are helpful tools that allow detailed evaluation of the macula in eyes with pathological myopia and easily anticipate, diagnose and follow up diseases associated with high myopia.
A Systematic Review for Difference between Free and Pedicle Recycling Bone Autograft in Limb Reconstruction in Bone Tumors
Authors: Rahman Moustafa Mohamed AbdEL , Azmy Sherif Ishak , AbdElraof Ali Mohammed Ezeldin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The use of liquid nitrogen for management of the primary lesion in osteosarcoma, was first described in 1984. Surgical use of liquid nitrogen was first reported by Cooper 91 in 1962. Since then, many tumors have been treated locally with liquid nitrogen.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to review systematically studies to show if there is a difference between pedicle and free freezing in liquid nitrogen in reconstruction after long bone tumors in union and complication.

Patients and Methods
Between 1999 and 2020 about 235 patient had limb salvage procedure by recycling of bone bearing tumor in liquid nitrogen out of them 205 patient included in this study were inclusion criteria are: Humans: male and female, age from 4 to 80 years, patients with malignant bone tumors either primary or secondary, different methods of fixation are included and minimal follow up of 12 months.

Results
There are two techniques to recycle bone bearing tumor in liquid nitrogen ether FFP through en block resection of bone bearing tumor and to be recycled separately in liquid nitrogen then fixed in proximal and distal endes OR PFP through performing one side osteotomy maintaining the continuity of the bone with the body and emerge the bone bearing segment in liquid nitrogen and then fix the segment in it’s posttion after completing the recycling.

Conclusion
We searched to clarify differences between these two methods systematically regarding union time, functional scores, outcoms and complications as infection, graft failure, recurrence & skin necrosis.