bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similarity-based ranking of videos from fixed-size one-dimensional video signature
Authors: Mendes Hugo , Seixas Paulo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe amount of information is multiplying, one of the popular and widely used formats is short videos. Therefore, maintaining the copyright protection of this information, preventing it from being disclosed without authorization, is a challenge. This work presents a way to rank a set of short videos based on a video profile similarity metric, finding a set of reference videos, using a self-supervised method, without the need for human tagging. The self-supervised method uses a search based on a Genetic Algorithm, of a subgroup of the most similar videos. Similarities are calculated using the SMAPE metric on video signatures vectors, generated with a fixed size, using Structural Tensor, maximum sub matrix and T-SNE.
Habits of affluence: unfeeling, enactivism and the ecological crisis of capitalism
Authors: Slaby Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this text, I discuss the role that a range of habits in affluent societies play in upholding as well as masking an unsustainable status quo. I show that enactivism, as a philosophical approach to the embodied and embedded mind, offers resources for bringing into focus and critically interrogating suchhabits of affluenceand the environments enabling them. I do this in the context of a critical theory ofthe unfelt in society: the systematic production of lacunae of emotive concern in social collectives. The lack of proportionate affective and practical responses to the ecological crisis epitomizes this. The article starts with considerations on societal unfeeling, then reviews key elements of enactive approaches to habit, before a fuller picture of habits of affluence is developed, informed by Brand’s and Wissen’s concept of theimperial mode of living. Finally, two dimensions of habits of affluence are discussed in some detail, which will help flesh out a thematically expanded, politically engaged version of enactivism.
Analysis of bamboo fibres and their associated dye on a freshwater fish host-parasite system
Authors: MacAulay Scott , Masud Numair , Cable Jo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the growth of the fashion and textile industries into the twenty-first century, associated pollution has become pervasive. Fibre-based microplastics are the most common types of plastics recovered from aquatic ecosystems encouraging the move towards organic fibre usage. Often marketed as biodegradable and ‘environmentally friendly’, organic textile fibres are seen as less harmful, but their impacts are understudied. Here, we assess the health effects of reconstituted bamboo-viscose fibres, processed bamboo-elastane fibres (both at 700 fibres/L) and their associated dye (Reactive Black-5, at 1 mg/L) on fish, with an emphasis on disease resistance utilising an established host-parasite system: the freshwater guppy host (Poecilia reticulata) and Gyrodactylus turnbulli (monogenean ectoparasite). Following 3 weeks exposure to the bamboo fibres and associated dye, half the experimental fish were infected with G. turnbulli, after which individual parasite trajectories were monitored for a further 17 days. Overall, exposures to reconstituted bamboo-viscose fibres, processed bamboo-elastane fibres or dye were not associated with any change in host mortality nor any significant changes in parasite infection burdens. When analysing the routine metabolic rate (RMR) of fish, uninfected fish had, on average, significantly impacted RMR when exposed to processed bamboo-elastane (increased RMR) and reconstituted bamboo-viscose (decreased RMR). Hosts exposed to reconstituted bamboo-viscose and the associated dye treatment showed significant changes in RMR pre- and post-infection. This study bolsters the growing and needed assessment of the potential environmental impacts of alternative non-plastic fibres; nevertheless, more research is needed in this field to prevent potential greenwashing.
Decomposition of partially submerged remains: a study on the reliability of insect colonisation for PMI/PMSI estimation
Authors: Bray SK. , Conlan XA. , Harvey ML. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe terrestrial decomposition of remains and associated insect colonisation have been highly researched, and recently studies have expanded to investigate the aquatic decomposition of remains. However, there are instances where remains may experience both terrestrial and aquatic conditions simultaneously due to partial submersion in tidal areas, or influx or efflux of water caused by flood or drought. Decomposition and post-mortem interval (PMI) research to date has focused on remains wholly exposed to either terrestrial or aquatic environments, with limited consideration of dual simultaneous exposure. This study was conducted in artificial lentic environments to ascertain how simultaneous zones of terrestrial and aquatic environments on a single body may impact decomposition. Three trials were completed over a period of 12 months, with each trial consisting of 12 stillborn piglets; three partially submerged head exposed, three partially submerged abdomen exposed, three fully submerged aquatic controls and three terrestrial controls. Decomposition stage and rate were inferred from physical characteristics and insect activity. The decomposition rate of the exposed region of each piglet was significantly faster than the submerged region. The exposed zone of each was colonised by insects and reached skeletonization, whereas the submerged zone without orifice exposure had no insect activity and had a significantly slower decomposition rate. This indicated the ability to utilise terrestrial entomological approaches to estimate a minimum PMI for the exposed portion of the remains. However, without the ability to determine the amount of time the remains may have been submerged for, this estimation represents only a minimum PMSI, with the possibility the remains were submerged for a period of time without insect access and colonisation.
Liquid territories: the configuration of geographic space in the cartography of the Mekong River’s catchment areas
Authors: Romanos Chris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe role played by the Mekong River in the organization of land and people is inextricably linked with a particular spatial category. The concept of the hydrological catchment extends the space of the river far beyond the limits of the river’s perennial waterbodies, to encompass vast areas inhabited by millions of people speaking different languages. Fundamental to the estimation of precipitation and water volume, areal denotations of the Mekong’s basin, delta and floodplain have been repeatedly drawn on maps by geographers, planners, engineers and cartographers. Mapped representations of the Mekong River however are not only the result of recording the flows of water, nor the domain of a single discourse. With diverging intentions, distinct and sometimes conflicting projections of the basin, delta and floodplain have prescribed the differentiation and unification of parts of mainland Southeast Asia, to articulate liquid territories that are outside a single state’s jurisdiction. To understand how the Mekong’s catchments emerge as the geographic reference for human activities, the paper examines the technical and cultural notions that underpin the preparation of these maps. Focusing on early European maps of the Mekong’s delta and floodplain, the paper draws on the discourses of hydrology, geography, and cartography to ask what territories are produced and maintained by evoking the geography of the river’s flows.
Persistent Extreme Surface Solar Radiation and Its Implications on Solar Photovoltaics
Authors: Senger G. , Chtirkova B. , Folini D. , Wohland J. , Wild M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimatic extreme events are important because they can strongly impact humans, infrastructure, and biodiversity and will be affected by a changing climate. Surface Solar Radiation (SSR) is the primary energy source for solar photovoltaics (PV), which will be indispensable in future zero‐emissions energy systems. Despite their pivotal role, extreme events in SSR remain under‐documented. We provide a starting point in extreme SSR analysis by focusing on events caused by internal variability alone and therefore building a baseline for future extreme SSR research. We analyze extreme SSR events using daily‐mean data from the pre‐industrial control simulations (piControl) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project—Phase 6. We investigate their role in PV energy generation using the Global Solar Energy Estimator with the intent of strengthening the energy system's resilience. Our results show a pronounced asymmetry between consecutive days with extremely high and extremely low solar radiation over land, the former occurring more frequently than the latter. Moreover, our results call for detailed PV generation modeling that includes panel geometry. Simple models based on linear SSR representations prove insufficient due to pronounced seasonal variations and strong non‐linear SSR dependency of high extremes. Our results demonstrate how climate model results can be leveraged to understand persistent radiation extremes that are relevant for future energy systems.
Deformation Mechanisms During the Syn‐Orogenic Extrusion of the High‐Pressure Phyllites‐Quartzites Unit in the Central and Northern Peloponnese, Greece
Authors: Wicker Vincent , Bufféral Simon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe High‐Pressure Phyllites‐Quartzites (PQ) unit of the External Hellenides is exposed in tectonic windows in the central and northern Peloponnese (Greece). Understanding the deformation history of this unit is essential to interpreting the Oligo‐Miocene evolution of the External Hellenides belt and its associated exhumation events. This study integrates new field observations and microtectonic analyses with previous studies to offer a comprehensive deformation model of the PQ unit since the Late Oligocene. The first deformation phase (D1), captures the progressive incorporation of the PQ into an orogenic wedge. This phase is largely overprinted and only preserved as relict features. The second phase (D2) displays coeval top‐to‐the‐ENE and top‐to‐the‐WSW localized ductile shear. A transition is observed from top‐to‐the‐ENE non‐coaxial deformation at the upper parts of the nappe to intense isoclinal folding (refolding S1) at the lower structural levels. We associate D2 with the ductile syn‐orogenic exhumation of the PQ within an extrusion wedge, accompanied by greenschist‐facies retrogression. In the third phase (D3), semi‐brittle to brittle extensional fault planes cut through the previous ductile structures. D3 faults exhibit extensional kinematics in all directions on the flanks of exhumation domes. This phase correlates with a late‐orogenic doming event, marking the final exhumation stage of the PQ unit in the upper crust. The exhumation of high‐pressure units results from the interplay between ductile syn‐orogenic extrusion and continuous underplating within the subduction zone. This underplating maintains vertical movements and uplift of the units, initiating a 3D upper‐crustal extensional collapse along low‐angle normal faults.
Psychiatric neuroimaging designs for individualised, cohort, and population studies
Authors: Gell Martin , Noble Stephanie , Laumann Timothy O. , Nelson Steven M. , Tervo-Clemmens Brenden 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPsychiatric neuroimaging faces challenges to rigour and reproducibility that prompt reconsideration of the relative strengths and limitations of study designs. Owing to high resource demands and varying inferential goals, current designs differentially emphasise sample size, measurement breadth, and longitudinal assessments. In this overview and perspective, we provide a guide to the current landscape of psychiatric neuroimaging study designs with respect to this balance of scientific goals and resource constraints. Through a heuristic data cube contrasting key design features, we discuss a resulting trade-off among small sample, precision longitudinal studies (e.g., individualised studies and cohorts) and large sample, minimally longitudinal, population studies. Precision studies support tests of within-person mechanisms, via intervention and tracking of longitudinal course. Population studies support tests of generalisation across multifaceted individual differences. A proposed reciprocal validation model (RVM) aims to recursively leverage these complementary designs in sequence to accumulate evidence, optimise relative strengths, and build towards improved long-term clinical utility.
Automatic heliostat learning for in situ concentrating solar power plant metrology with differentiable ray tracing
Authors: Pargmann Max , Ebert Jan , Götz Markus , Maldonado Quinto Daniel , Pitz-Paal Robert , Kesselheim Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConcentrating solar power plants are a clean energy source capable of competitive electricity generation even during night time, as well as the production of carbon-neutral fuels, offering a complementary role alongside photovoltaic plants. In these power plants, thousands of mirrors (heliostats) redirect sunlight onto a receiver, potentially generating temperatures exceeding 1000°C. Practically, such efficient temperatures are never attained. Several unknown, yet operationally crucial parameters, e.g., misalignment in sun-tracking and surface deformations can cause dangerous temperature spikes, necessitating high safety margins. For competitive levelized cost of energy and large-scale deployment, in-situ error measurements are an essential, yet unattained factor. To tackle this, we introduce a differentiable ray tracing machine learning approach that can derive the irradiance distribution of heliostats in a data-driven manner from a small number of calibration images already collected in most solar towers. By applying gradient-based optimization and a learning non-uniform rational B-spline heliostat model, our approach is able to determine sub-millimeter imperfections in a real-world setting and predict heliostat-specific irradiance profiles, exceeding the precision of the state-of-the-art and establishing full automatization. The new optimization pipeline enables concurrent training of physical and data-driven models, representing a pioneering effort in unifying both paradigms for concentrating solar power plants and can be a blueprint for other domains.
Super-shear ruptures steered by pre-stress heterogeneities during the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake doublet
Authors: Chen Kejie , Wei Guoguang , Milliner Christopher , Dal Zilio Luca , Liang Cunren , Avouac Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe 2023 M7.8 and M7.5 earthquake doublet near Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, provides insight regarding how large earthquakes rupture complex faults. Here we determine the faults geometry using surface ruptures and Synthetic Aperture Radar measurements, and the rupture kinematics from the joint inversion of high-rate Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), strong-motion waveforms, and GNSS static displacement. The M7.8 event initiated on a splay fault and subsequently propagated along the main East Anatolian Fault with an average rupture velocity between 3.0 and 4.0 km/s. In contrast, the M7.5 event demonstrated a bilateral supershear rupture of about 5.0–6.0 km/s over an 80 km length. Despite varying strike and dip angles, the sub-faults involved in the mainshock are nearly optimally oriented relative to the local stress tensor. The second event ruptured a fault misaligned with respect to the regional stress, also hinting at the effect of local stress heterogeneity in addition to a possible free surface effect.
Structural dynamics of protein-protein association involved in the light-induced transition of Avena sativa LOV2 protein
Authors: Kim Changin , Yun So Ri , Lee Sang Jin , Kim Seong Ok , Lee Hyosub , Choi Jungkweon , Kim Jong Goo , Kim Tae Wu , You Seyoung , Kosheleva Irina , Noh Taeyoon , Baek Jonghoon , Ihee Hyotcherl 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Light-oxygen-voltage-sensing domain (LOV) superfamily, found in enzymes and signal transduction proteins, plays a crucial role in converting light signals into structural signals, mediating various biological mechanisms. While time-resolved spectroscopic studies have revealed the dynamics of the LOV-domain chromophore’s electronic structures, understanding the structural changes in the protein moiety, particularly regarding light-induced dimerization, remains challenging. Here, we utilize time-resolved X-ray liquidography to capture the light-induced dimerization of Avena sativa LOV2. Our analysis unveils that dimerization occurs within milliseconds after the unfolding of the A’α and Jα helices in the microsecond time range. Notably, our findings suggest that protein-protein interactions (PPIs) among the β-scaffolds, mediated by helix unfolding, play a key role in dimerization. In this work, we offer structural insights into the dimerization of LOV2 proteins following structural changes in the A’α and Jα helices, as well as mechanistic insights into the protein-protein association process driven by PPIs.
Impact of acute stress on the canine gut microbiota
Authors: Patel Krusha V. , Hunt Alysia B. G. , Castillo-Fernandez Juan , Abrams Christine , King Tammie , Watson Phillip , Amos Gregory C. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is growing evidence that a relationship exists between mental and emotional wellbeing and the gut microbiota. Little is known regarding how the microbiota reacts to repeated acute stress events in dogs, and whether it is a predictor of stress response. In this study, we explored the impact on the gut microbiota and digestive health with two common events many pet dogs find stressful. Twenty healthy adult dogs, living within a colony, were exposed to either car travel or separation three times across eight-week intervals. Faecal samples were collected 24 h before, within 24 h, and 24–48 h after. Faecal quality and pH, and microbiota diversity and composition were analysed in context with wider published work on physiological stress measures. No significant changes were observed in faecal quality or pH with either stress event at any timepoint, indicating all pets remained in good digestive health. Microbiota analysis demonstrated no significant impact on alpha or beta diversity with either stressor. Microbial signatures previously linked to stress were not identified in these dogs and no changes were observed in the functional gut composition. Irrespective of whether the pet was considered “stressed” (i.e., exhibited an increase in serum cortisol), there was no effect on the microbiota and no taxa were predictive of stress response. Collectively, this work demonstrates, for this population, certain acute stress events have no meaningful impact on the canine gut microbiota, and it has no impact on the associated stress response.
Exploring motor skill acquisition in bimanual coordination: insights from navigating a novel maze task
Authors: Cienfuegos Miguel , Maycock Jonathan , Naceri Abdeldjallil , Düsterhus Tobias , Kõiva Risto , Schack Thomas , Ritter Helge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a novel maze task designed to investigate naturalistic motor learning in bimanual coordination. We developed and validated an extended set of movement primitives tailored to capture the full spectrum of scenarios encountered in a maze game. Over a 3-day training period, we evaluated participants’ performance using these primitives and a custom-developed software, enabling precise quantification of performance. Our methodology integrated the primitives with in-depth kinematic analyses and thorough thumb pressure assessments, charting the trajectory of participants’ progression from novice to proficient stages. Results demonstrated consistent improvement in maze performance and significant adaptive changes in joint behaviors and strategic recalibrations in thumb pressure distribution. These findings highlight the central nervous system’s adaptability in orchestrating sophisticated motor strategies and the crucial role of tactile feedback in precision tasks. The maze platform and setup emerge as a valuable foundation for future experiments, providing a tool for the exploration of motor learning and coordination dynamics. This research underscores the complexity of bimanual motor learning in naturalistic environments, enhancing our understanding of skill acquisition and task efficiency while emphasizing the necessity for further exploration and deeper investigation into these adaptive mechanisms.
Constructing neural networks with pre-specified dynamics
Authors: Mininni Camilo J. , Zanutto B. Silvano 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA main goal in neuroscience is to understand the computations carried out by neural populations that give animals their cognitive skills. Neural network models allow to formulate explicit hypotheses regarding the algorithms instantiated in the dynamics of a neural population, its firing statistics, and the underlying connectivity. Neural networks can be defined by a small set of parameters, carefully chosen to procure specific capabilities, or by a large set of free parameters, fitted with optimization algorithms that minimize a given loss function. In this work we alternatively propose a method to make a detailed adjustment of the network dynamics and firing statistic to better answer questions that link dynamics, structure, and function. Our algorithm—termed generalised Firing-to-Parameter (gFTP)—provides a way to construct binary recurrent neural networks whose dynamics strictly follows a user pre-specified transition graph that details the transitions between population firing states triggered by stimulus presentations. Our main contribution is a procedure that detects when a transition graph is not realisable in terms of a neural network, and makes the necessary modifications in order to obtain a new transition graph that is realisable and preserves all the information encoded in the transitions of the original graph. With a realisable transition graph, gFTP assigns values to the network firing states associated with each node in the graph, and finds the synaptic weight matrices by solving a set of linear separation problems. We test gFTP performance by constructing networks with random dynamics, continuous attractor-like dynamics that encode position in 2-dimensional space, and discrete attractor dynamics. We then show how gFTP can be employed as a tool to explore the link between structure, function, and the algorithms instantiated in the network dynamics.
Allies of Pioneering Women Chemists
Authors: Rayner-Canham Marelene , Rayner-Canham Geoff 
Published: August 2024

Continuing their research uncovering the lives of women chemists at the turn of the 20th Century, Geoff and Marelene Rayner-Canham have turned their attention to some of the male chemists who enabled women to thrive in chemistry. This book provides an insight into the character of 14 male chemists and their female students. Using contemporary quotes, the authors build an interesting narrative, demonstrating how the support and encouragement of their students was reciprocated with significant contributions to their fame and research.
Beyond the lives of individuals, readers will explore a period of social change in chemistry, not only the acceptance of co-educational teaching, but also the development of domestic chemistry as a subject. Significantly, this period also saw the acceptance of women into the Chemical Society, championed by several of the men featured.