bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Numerical Body Surface Mapping Parameter Signifies Successful Percutaneous Coronary Artery Intervention
Authors: Simonyi Gábor , Kirschner Róbert , Szűcs Endre , Préda István , Duray Gábor , Medvegy Nóra , Horvath Bálint , Medvegy Mihály 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIn coronary artery disease (CAD), body surface potential mapping (BSPM) may reveal minor electrical potential changes appearing in the depolarization phase even if pathological changes are absent on the conventional 12‐lead ECG. We hypothesized that a simple BSPM parameter, Max/Min signifies successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).MethodsNinety‐two adult Caucasian patients with stable CAD and positive exercise test underwent coronary angiography. Seventy patients (age, 59 ± 8; 46 males) were revascularized by PCI (left anterior descending [LAD] in 38, right [RCA] in 17 and left circumflex [LCX] coronary artery in 15). Control groups contained 22 patients (age, 60 ± 8; 14 males) without intervention and 35 healthy subjects (age, 58 ± 2; 15 males). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, transthoracic echocardiography) and Max/Min BSPM parameter (63‐lead Montreal system) were evaluated before and 4–40 days following coronary angiography. Max/Min was defined by the ratio of the highest maximum to the deepest minimum potential of all leads recorded by BSPM.ResultsBefore PCI, Max/Min value of patients with LAD lesion (0.83 [0.74; 0.93]) was significantly lower while that with RCA lesion (1.63 [1.35; 1.99]) was significantly higher than that of healthy group (1.01 [0.970; 1.13]) (P < 0.05) and LVEF was significantly lower in LAD lesion (46.50% [43.00; 51.00]) than in the healthy group (55.00% [50.00; 58.75]) (P < 0.01). Max/Min value significantly increased from 0.83 [0.74; 0.93] to 0.92 [0.82; 0.99] (P < 0.01) following LAD PCI while significantly decreased from 1.63 [1.35; 1.98] to 1.35 [1.21; 1.43] (P < 0.01) post‐RCA PCI. It did not vary significantly, however, either following LCX PCI or without intervention. LVEF significantly increased (from 46.50% [43.00; 51.00] to 49.00% [46.00; 51.00]) only after LAD PCI.ConclusionMax/Min parameter is suitable to follow patients after LAD and RCA PCI.
Antibiotic consumption among a Swedish cohort of children born in 2006
Authors: Hellman Jenny , Grape Malin , Ternhag Anders 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimIt is important to measure antibiotic consumption because it contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Our objective was to follow all children born in 2006 in Sweden and to analyse antibiotic consumption during each month of life for the first two years and thereafter for every year during their third to fifth years of life.MethodsThis was a register‐based, open‐cohort study where we used the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, which covers the whole population, to identify the type and date of purchase of antibiotics for the children in the cohort.ResultsDuring the first one‐year follow‐up period, 101 555 children up to one year of age were living in Sweden, of which 50 135 were boys and 49 420 were girls. Children consumed the largest amount of antibiotics during their second year of life. In our cohort, 51% received antibiotics at some point during the second year and 24% received multiple treatments. The consumption then dropped with every year of life during the follow‐up.ConclusionThis study suggests that actions against overprescribing of antibiotics to children should be targeted towards the second year of life in order to have the greatest effect on consumption.
Using isopropyl alcohol impregnated disinfection caps in the neonatal intensive care unit can cause isopropyl alcohol toxicity
Authors: Sauron Charlotte , Jouvet Philippe , Pinard Geneviève , Goudreault Danielle , Martin Brigitte , Rival Bastien , Moussa Ahmed 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThe safety of SwabCap alcohol impregnated disinfection caps was questioned in our unit because of malfunctions in luer access valves. We examined whether SwabCaps affected the integrity of two luer access valves and were associated with alcohol injected into the lines.MethodsOur bench test study included seven circuits using SmartSite or CARESITE valves exposed to two environmental temperatures. Passive circuits consisted of a 96‐hour contact system using SwabCap without other interventions. Active circuits consisted of nine sham injections during a 24‐hour period, with the SwabCap replaced after each injection. The active control circuit used isopropyl alcohol impregnated pads to disinfect valves. Isopropyl alcohol was measured at the extremity of all active circuits by gas chromatography.ResultsThe visual appearance of all SmartSite valves and 67% of the CARESITE valves was changed by SwabCap use. The mean isopropyl alcohol dosages were 52 mmol/L in the SmartSite and 8 mmol/L in the CARESITE at room temperature and 73 and 7 mmol/L, respectively, at 35°C. No alcohol was found in the control circuit.ConclusionThe SwabCap altered the valves' appearance and allowed significant amounts of isopropyl alcohol to be injected. It should not be used for neonates without further research.
Efficacy and safety of anti‐TNF therapy in elderly patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Lobatón T. , Ferrante M. , Rutgeerts P. , Ballet V. , Van Assche G. , Vermeire S. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe general increased life expectancy is reflected in the age of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The knowledge about efficacy and safety of anti‐tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy in elderly is scarce and conflicting.AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of anti‐TNF therapy in elderly patients taking into account eventual comorbidity.MethodsObservational and retrospective single‐centred study where 66 IBD patients initiating anti‐TNF treatment at age ≥65 years (cases: ≥65 anti‐TNF) were compared with 112 IBD patients initiating anti‐TNF <65 years (controls <65 anti‐TNF) and 61 anti‐TNF naïve IBD patients treated with immunosuppressants (IMS) and/or corticosteroids (CS) ≥65 years (controls ≥65 IMS/CS). Controls were matched to cases for IBD type, follow‐up, disease duration and anti‐TNF type. Comorbidity was assessed by using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Both efficacy and safety of treatment were adjusted for comorbidity.ResultsThe short‐term clinical response to anti‐TNF at 10 weeks was significantly lower in cases: ≥65 anti‐TNF (68% vs. 89%; P < 0.001), whereas at ≥6 months, differences were not significant (79.5% vs. 82.8%; P = 0.639). The risk for any severe adverse events was higher in cases: ≥65 anti‐TNF than in controls <65 anti‐TNF (RR = 4.7; P < 0.001) or controls ≥65 IMS/CS (RR = 3.09; P = 0.0008). Age older than 65 and CCI > 0 were independent risk factors for malignancy and mortality regardless of the medication.ConclusionElderly patients treated with anti‐TNF have a lower rate of short‐term clinical response and a higher rate of severe adverse events than the younger patients under the same treatment.
Moral Philosophy, Moral Expertise, and the Argument from Disagreement
Authors: Cross Ben 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeveral recent articles have weighed in on the question of whether moral philosophers can be counted as moral experts. One argument denying this has been rejected by both sides of the debate. According to this argument, the extent of disagreement in modern moral philosophy prevents moral philosophers from being classified as moral experts. Call this the Argument From Disagreement (AD). In this article, I defend a version of AD. Insofar as practical issues in moral philosophy are characterized by disagreement between moral philosophers who are more or less equally well credentialed on the issue, non‐philosophers have no good reasons to defer to their views.
Fear of Childbirth and Preference for Cesarean Delivery Among Young American Women Before Childbirth: A Survey Study
Authors: Stoll Kathrin , Edmonds Joyce Katherine , Hall Wendy A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundFear of birth and mode of delivery preferences are similar among pregnant and nonpregnant women, suggesting that attitudes toward birth are formed in young adulthood or earlier. Understanding why some young women fear birth and prefer obstetric interventions can inform public health initiatives aimed at reducing fear and promoting birth as a normal life event.MethodsWe conducted an online survey with 752 American nulliparous young women to assess their preferences and attitudes toward childbirth. We identified explanatory variables associated with reported fear of childbirth and cesarean delivery (CD) preferences.ResultsA preference for CD was reported by 14 percent of young women and 27 percent had scores indicating elevated fear of birth. Fear of birth increased the likelihood of cesarean preference (adjusted relative risk (ARR) 3.84 [95% CI 2.49–5.95]) as did a family history of CD (ARR 1.65 [95% CI 1.13–2.42]). The likelihood of reporting elevated childbirth fear was increased among young women who reported concerns about the physical changes pregnancy and birth have on women's bodies (ARR 2.04 [95% CI 1.50–2.78]). Young women who reported a high degree of confidence in their knowledge about childbirth were significantly less likely to report childbirth fear (ARR 0.61 [95% CI 0.42–0.87]). Access to childbirth information was also associated with a decreased likelihood of fear of birth (ARR 0.75 [95% CI 0.59–0.95]).ConclusionsYoung women reporting high levels of childbirth fear are nearly four times more likely to prefer a CD. Specific fears, such as worries over the influence of pregnancy and birth on the female body, need to be addressed before pregnancy.
Brefeldin A exerts differential effects on anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma and classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Toda Takashi , Watanabe Mariko , Kawato Junji , Kadin Marshall E. , Higashihara Masaaki , Kunisada Takao , Umezawa Kazuo , Horie Ryouichi 
Published: June 2015

SummaryTo obtain further insights into the biological differences of anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ ALCL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), we screened microbial culture filtrates to search for compounds that would exert a significantly greater effect on the viability of ALK+ ALCL cell lines compared to HL cell lines and identified Brefeldin A (BFA) as a suitable candidate. BFA inhibited phosphorylation of ALK and its downstream molecule, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), one of the central pathways for the survival of ALK+ ALCL cells. In HL cell lines BFA did not affect CD30 expression or constitutive nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activity, both of which are critical for HL cell survival. BFA induced disruption of the Golgi apparatus in ALK+ ALCL cell lines, which was accompanied by a decrease in active ADP‐ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1), whereas BFA had no significant effect on these parameters in HL cell lines. These results add extra insights into the biological distinction between ALK+ ALCL and HL cells and highlight the Golgi apparatus as a target for the treatment of ALK+ ALCL.
Absence of leukaemic CD34+ cells in acute myeloid leukaemia is of high prognostic value: a longstanding controversy deciphered
Authors: Zeijlemaker Wendelien , Kelder Angèle , Wouters Rolf , Valk Peter J.M. , Witte Birgit I. , Cloos Jacqueline , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Schuurhuis Gerrit J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryPrimary resistance and relapses after initial successful treatment are common in acute myeloid leukaemia and therefore outcome remains poor. More accurate risk group stratification and effective personalized risk adapted treatment are necessary to improve outcome. In the last two decades, controversial results have been published concerning the prognostic relevance of CD34 expression. In this study of 706 acute myeloid leukaemia patients, we established a new flow cytometric‐based CD34‐definition, without use of cut‐off values. We discriminated CD34‐positive (n = 548) and CD34‐negative (n = 158) patients by the presence or absence of neoplastic CD34+ cells, respectively. CD34‐status was defined using aberrant immunophenotypes and validated using molecular phenotypes. This new definition of CD34 enables strong prediction of treatment outcome in the entire patient group and in several risk subgroups. Previously observed discrepancies in prognostic impact of CD34 protein expression using cut‐offs (5–20%) can now entirely be explained by considering the number of CD34‐negative cases. In the total patient group, the absence of neoplastic CD34‐positive cells is paralleled by low levels of minimal residual disease, suggesting relative therapy sensitivity and explaining longer survival. Overall, we present CD34 surface expression as a relatively simple, powerful and independent predictor of clinical outcome, now warranting incorporation in acute myeloid leukaemia risk stratification.
Pathways of different forms of nitrogen and role of ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria in alkaline residue sand from bauxite processing
Authors: Goloran J. B. , Chen C. R. , Phillips I. R. , Liu X. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryNitrogen (N) dynamics and associated processes are often overlooked in the rehabilitation protocols of disturbed landscapes. This study reports on the transformations of N fertilizers and the microbial community, and plant growth responses in rehabilitated strongly alkaline residue sand from bauxite processing (BRS). Ryegrass was grown in specifically designed growth chambers in a two‐factorial completely randomized design. Different forms of N fertilizer, such as ammonium sulphate (AS), potassium nitrate (KN) and glycine (GL), were applied at two rates. Nitrogen uptake by plants, residual inorganic N and N losses through leaching and volatilization were determined and quantified throughout the growing period. The abundance of both ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that N uptake was greater with KN fertilizer (31.3–56.4%) than with AS (23.4–47.8%) and GL (16.4–38.1%), in spite of the substantial leaching loss of NO3−. Combined N losses by volatilization and leaching with GL (39–53%) and AS (40–60%) fertilizers indicated both physico‐chemical and biological transformations of N by mineralization and nitrification. Ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria, rather than AOA, were the dominant nitrifiers that colonized the freshly rehabilitated BRS growth media. The gene copy number of AOB correlated with both soil extractable NO3−‐N (r = 0.92, P < 0.001) and ryegrass leaf biomass N (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). We concluded that AOB play a pivotal role in the cycling of N in BRS, whereas NO3−‐N is critical for plant N nutrition and rehabilitation in the alkaline BRS disposal areas.
Delivery of HIV test results, post‐test discussion and referral in health care settings: a review of guidance for European countries
Authors: Bell SA , Delpech V , Casabona J , Tsereteli N , de Wit J 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesHIV testing and counselling (HTC) guidelines support and promote best practice among service providers. Few European countries have national HTC guidelines and most rely on guidance from regional and international bodies. This study examines recommendations in current pan‐European and global guidelines regarding test result delivery, post‐test discussion and referral pathways in health care settings, and reviews the types of evidence upon which recommendations are based.MethodsA systematic review and comparative content analysis of relevant guidelines identified through a literature search and review of targeted organization websites were carried out.ResultsOne global and three pan‐European guidelines were reviewed. There was general consensus that any test result should be confidential and delivered privately to a patient; positive results should be delivered in person by a health care professional; negative test results could also be delivered by telephone, text message or post. Analyses show conflicting guidance relating to the provision of post‐test counselling, and inconsistencies in referral pathways to specialist treatment for positive test results. There is limited reference to published evidence in support of recommendations. Instead there is heavy reliance on expert opinion/consultation and other previous/existing guidelines when developing guidelines. Scientific evidence, where stated, is often more than ten years old, and based predominantly on US/UK research.ConclusionsWhile largely in agreement, current pan‐European and global HTC guidelines have inconsistencies, particularly regarding post‐test counselling and referral pathways to specialized services. Our findings highlight the need for an up‐to‐date review of more current evidence from wider European settings to support the process of expert consultation.
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis taking biologic therapies in a dermatologic private practice in Miami, Florida
Authors: Medina‐Gil Carolina , Dehesa Luis , Vega Adriane , Kerdel Francisco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe reactivation of a latent tuberculosis infection is one of the possible major events that may occur during biologic therapies for inflammatory chronic diseases such as psoriasis. Although its main screening test is regularly used in clinical practice, there are few studies about the prevalence of this silent mycobacterial infection and the rate of positive convertors during treatment.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis receiving biologic therapy by using tuberculin skin test as a screening method and to evaluate the rate of conversion of tuberculin skin test (TST) during the treatment with biologics.MethodsA total of 445 patients were included in our retrospective study, conducted from January 2006 to September 2012. Tuberculin skin test was performed in all patients prior to treatment and once a year during the follow‐up. PPD was considered positive with an induration above 5 mm, following the recommendations of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ America Thoracic Society. Data analysis was obtained with SPSS 20.0.ResultsThe prevalence of LTBI in our population before initiating the treatment was 4.5% by using TST screening method. During the treatment, 10 cases that were initially TST‐negative became positive. Only one of the patients developed active tuberculosis infection.The other 9 TST‐positive patients were detected during the regular annual screening, and no symptoms or findings on chest x‐ray were seen. All the patients were treated with isoniazid (INH) for nine months, and biologic therapy was restarted after one month of treatment with INH without development of overt TB infection in any of them during the follow‐up period of the study. The mean time to becoming TST positive from start date was 26.7 months (range from 8 months to 5 years). As the PPD was done annually, it is unknown exactly when the patients became TST positive. Prior to initiating treatment, 20 patients were found to be TST positive. All patients had clear chest x‐rays and were treated with nine months of INH prior to initiating biologic therapy at least month later.ConclusionsThe use of a screening tool for LTBI is mandatory in patients taking biologic therapies to avoid severe infectious complications. Periodic follow‐up is also crucial as positive results may be seen after prolonged use of these agents.
FROM GABII AND GORDION TO ERETRIA AND METHONE: THE RISE OF THE GREEK ALPHABET
Authors: JANKO RICHARD 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe three longest inscriptions from Methone, which all seem to be in Eretrian script, are an important testimony to the diffusion of literacy across the Mediterranean world. They help us to reconstruct the prehistory of the Greek alphabet, which according to internal evidence went through three phases, from the simplest ‘Cretan’ script to Euboean, Roman and ultimately Ionian. Yet the earliest alphabetic inscriptions seem to come from Gabii in Latium and Gordion in Phrygia, a fact which contradicts the internal evidence that Greeks adapted the Phoenician script. Consistency returns only if one accepts a recent proposal to raise the chronology of the Middle and Late Geometric periods. The finds from Methone confirm that Euboean script was already well adapted to the recording of complex texts such as epic poetry.
EXQUISITE CORPSES AND OTHER BODIES IN THE ELECTRA PLAYS
Authors: WORMAN NANCY 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This essay explores the dynamics that surround the figuring and staging of bodies in the Electra plays – especially dead bodies, but also living ones that are represented as approximate and / or proximate to corpses. Interacting with such bodies intensifies agony and transport for characters and audiences alike, both of which affects plunge toward sublimity. At the same time the strongly gendered familial dynamics of pivotal scenes inflect the emotional shudder that attends them with a psychic recoil, as mothers haunt sons and sisters seek to lie down with brothers or other ‘wrong’ objects of affection. Focusing on how Orestes and especially Electra position themselves in relation to these bodies, the essay argues that they operate as sublime and uncanny objects, attracting the living into confrontation with their perverse pleasures and stimulating aesthetic and affective reactions that are central to tragic mimesis.
Characterization of the First Fungal Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 19 Chitinase (NbchiA) from Nosema bombycis (Nb)
Authors: Han Bing , Zhou Kang , Li Zhihong , Sun Bin , Ni Qi , Meng Xianzhi , Pan Guoqing , Li Chunfeng , Long Mengxian , Li Tian , Zhou Congzhao , Li Weifang , Zhou Zeyang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractChitinases (EC 3.2.1.14), as one kind of glycosyl hydrolase, hydrolyze the β‐(1,4) linkages of chitin. According to the sequence similarity, chitinases can be divided into glycoside hydrolase family 18 and family 19. Here, a chitinase from Nosema bombycis (NbchiA) was cloned and purified by metal affinity chromatography and molecular exclusion chromatography. Sequence analysis indicated that NbchiA belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 19 class IV chitinase. The optimal pH and temperature of NbchiA are 7.0 and 40 °C, respectively. This purified chitinase showed high activity toward soluble substrates such as ethylene glycol chitin and soluble chitosan. The degradation of chitin oligosaccharides (GlcNAc)2–5 detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography showed that NbchiA hydrolyzed mainly the second glycosidic linkage from the reducing end of (GlcNAc)3‐5. On the basis of structure‐based multiple‐sequence alignment, Glu51 and Glu60 are believed to be the key catalytic residues. The site‐directed mutation analysis revealed that the enzymatic activity was decreased upon mutation of Glu60, whereas mutation of Glu51 totally abolished the enzymatic activity. This is the first report of a GH19 chitinase in fungi and in Microsporidia.