bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural features of interfacial tyrosine residue in ROBO1 fibronectin domain‐antibody complex: Crystallographic, thermodynamic, and molecular dynamic analyses
Authors: Nakayama Taisuke , Mizohata Eiichi , Yamashita Takefumi , Nagatoishi Satoru , Nakakido Makoto , Iwanari Hiroko , Mochizuki Yasuhiro , Kado Yuji , Yokota Yuki , Satoh Reiko , Tsumoto Kouhei , Fujitani Hideaki , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Hamakubo Takao , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractROBO1, fibronectin Type‐III domain (Fn)‐containing protein, is a novel immunotherapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. The crystal structure of the antigen‐binding fragment (Fab) of B2212A, the monoclonal antibody against the third Fn domain (Fn3) of ROBO1, was determined in pursuit of antibody drug for hepatocellular carcinoma. This effort was conducted in the presence or absence of the antigen, with the chemical features being investigated by determining the affinity of the antibody using molecular dynamics (MD) and thermodynamics. The structural comparison of B2212A Fab between the complex and the free form revealed that the interfacial TyrL50 (superscripts L, H, and F stand for the residues in the light chain, heavy chain, and Fn3, respectively) played important roles in Fn3 recognition. That is, the aromatic ring of TyrL50 pivoted toward PheF68, forming a CH/π interaction and a new hydrogen bond with the carbonyl O atom of PheF68. MD simulations predicted that the TyrL50‐PheF68 interaction almost entirely dominated Fab‐Fn3 binding, and Ala‐substitution of TyrL50 led to a reduced binding of the resultant complex. On the contrary, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments underscored that Ala‐substitution of TyrL50 caused an increase of the binding enthalpy between B2212A and Fn3, but importantly, it induced an increase of the binding entropy, resulting in a suppression of loss in the Gibbs free energy in total. These results suggest that mutation analysis considering the binding entropy as well as the binding enthalpy will aid in the development of novel antibody drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Comparisons of antifeedancy and spatial repellency of three natural product repellents against horn flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: Zhu Junwei J , Brewer Gary J , Boxler David J , Friesen Kristina , Taylor David B 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDHorn flies are among the most important biting fly pests of cattle in the United States. Horn fly management is largely dependent upon pesticides, which ultimately leads to the rapid development of insecticide resistance. Alternative control strategies, including repellents, have shown promising results in reducing fly biting. In the present study, we examined the efficacy and longevity of recently identified natural product repellents against horn flies.RESULTSCatnip oil, geraniol and C8910 acids reduced horn fly feeding in a laboratory bioassay and also exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer. Residual activity was observed for up to 3 days in laboratory assays; however, 24 h of residual effectiveness was observed from the two repellents when applied on cattle in the field. The limited residual effectiveness was correlated with the high volatility of the major active repellent compounds.CONCLUSIONAll three natural product repellents effectively repel biting horn flies, exhibiting both feeding deterrence and spatial repellency. They may be used for developing an effective push‐pull strategy with a slow release matrix that can prolong their effectiveness for horn fly management. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperatureinfluss auf Dachschneelasten von Gewächshäusern – Abtauen von Schnee über wärmedurchlässigen Dacheindeckungen
Authors: Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSchneelasten sind für Leichtbauten oftmals bemessungsrelevant. Deshalb wird bei beheizten Gewächshäusern über transparenten, wärmedurchlässigen Bedachungen traditionell das Abtauen von Schnee in Ansatz gebracht. Die somit reduzierten Schneelasten ermöglichen große Scheibenabmessungen für optimales Pflanzenwachstum. Die pauschalen Lastansätze von 0,25 kN/m2 oder 0,75 kN/m2 Dachschnee in der deutschen Gewächshausnorm DIN 11535 haben sich über viele Jahre bewährt. Die Gewächshausnorm musste jedoch an das europäische Bemessungskonzept angepasst werden. Im März 2014 sind zwei neue Fachberichte erschienen: DIN SPEC 18071 für Produktionsgewächshäuser und DIN SPEC 18072 für Verkaufsgewächshäuser, die eine für die deutsche Normung neue Möglichkeit der rechnerischen Erfassung des Abtauens von Schnee enthalten – den Temperaturbeiwert. Dieses Vorgehen wird durch einen Verweis im Eurocode DIN EN 1991‐1‐3 auf die internationale Schneelastnorm ISO 4355 möglich. Hintergrund und Anwendung des Temperaturbeiwerts im Gewächshausbau werden in diesem Beitrag vorgestellt.Temperature influence on roof snow loads of greenhouses – Melting of snow over heat‐permeable claddings. Snow loads often govern the design of lightweight structures. Therefore, for heated greenhouses, the melting of snow over transparent heat‐permeable claddings has traditionally always been considered. The consequent reduction of snow loads allows adequate glazing sizes for optimal plant growth. Constant roof snow loads of 0,25 kN/m2 or 0,75 kN/m2 in the German greenhouse standard DIN 11535 have stood the test of time over many years. However, the greenhouse standard had to be adapted to the European design concept of the Eurocodes. Therefore, in March 2014 two new technical specifications have been published: DIN SPEC 18071 for commercial production greenhouses and DIN SPEC 18072 for sales greenhouses. Within German standards, this allows for a new possibility for calculating snow load reduction due to melting of snow, using the thermal coefficient. This approach is made possible by a normative reference in the Eurocode DIN EN 1991‐1‐3 to the international snow load standard ISO 4355. Background and use of the thermal coefficient in greenhouse design is presented in this article.
What memory is
Authors: Klein Stanley B. 
Published: December 2014

I argue that our current practice of ascribing the term ‘memory’ to mental states and processes lacks epistemic warrant. Memory, according to the ‘received view’, is any state or process that results from the sequential stages of encoding, storage, and retrieval. By these criteria, memory, or its footprint, can be seen in virtually every mental state we are capable of having. This, I argue, stretches the term to the breaking point. I draw on phenomenological, historical, and conceptual considerations to make the case that an act of memory entails a direct, non‐inferential feeling of reacquaintance with one's past. It does so by linking content retrieved from storage with autonoetic awareness during retrieval. On this view, memory is not the content of experience, but the manner in which that content is experienced. I discuss some theoretical and practical implications and advantages of adopting this more circumscribed view of memory.WIREs Cogn Sci2015, 6:1–38. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1333This article is categorized under:Psychology > Memory
Impacts of morphological traits and temperature on fine root respiration during dormancy of Caragana korshinskii
Authors: Lai Zongrui , Zhang Yuqing , Wu Bin , Qin Shugao , Feng Wei , Liu Jiabin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRespiration of fine roots (Rfr) plays a major role in belowground carbon cycles, but the relationships between Rfr and biotic and abiotic factors during plant dormancy remain unclear. We used a standard chamber equipped with an infrared gas analyzer and configured as an open system to measure Rfr of intact roots (<2 mm) of Caragana korshinskii in situ in November 2013. Rates of Rfr in C.korshinskii were closely related to root morphological traits, including mean root diameter (Dfr, mm), specific root length (SRL, root length per unit root mass, m g−1), and root tissue density (RTD, root mass per unit root volume, g cm−3). During dormancy of C.korshinskii, smaller‐diameter fine roots had higher respiration rates than larger diameter fine roots, and Rfr increased with increasing SRL and decreasing RTD. Meanwhile, Rfr rates increased exponentially with increasing root temperature. Soil temperature (especially in the subsoil layer) did not play a role in controlling changes in Rfr. The results indicated that changes in root temperature and Dfr were likely to determine rates of Rfr in C.korshinskii during dormancy. Our results highlight the importance of assessing carbon loss from fine roots during the dormant period.
Risk Factors for Complications of Open Trigger Finger Release
Authors: Everding Nathan G. , Bishop Gavin B. , Belyea Christopher M. , Soong Maximillian C. 
Published: December 2014

Background Open trigger finger release is generally considered a simple low-risk procedure. Reported complication rates vary widely from 1 to 43 %, mostly based on small studies. Our goal was to determine the incidence of complications in a large consecutive series, while also identifying potential risk factors. Methods All open trigger finger releases performed from 2006 to 2009 by four fellowship-trained hand surgeons at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed. There were 795 digits released in 543 patients. Complications were defined as signs or symptoms requiring further treatment and/or considered unresolved by 1 month postoperatively. Complications requiring operative intervention were regarded as major. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine possible risk factors for complications. Results There were 95 documented complications among 795 digits (12 %). The most common complications involved persistent pain, stiffness, or swelling, persistent or recurrent triggering, or superficial infection. Most were treated nonoperatively with observation, therapy, steroid injection, or oral antibiotics. There were 19 reoperations (2.4 %), mostly including revision release, tenosynovectomy, and irrigation and debridement. Male gender, sedation, and general anesthesia were independently associated with complications, while age, diabetes, hypothyroidism, recent injection, and concurrent procedures were not associated. Conclusions Open trigger finger release is generally a low-risk procedure, although there is potential for complications, some requiring reoperation. Male gender, sedation, and general anesthesia may be associated with greater risk. Surgeons should be careful to thoroughly discuss the risk of both major and minor complications when counseling patients.
In Situ Synchrotron X-ray Study of Ultrasound Cavitation and Its Effect on Solidification Microstructures
Authors: Mi Jiawei , Tan Dongyue , Lee Tung Lik 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in studying the mechanism and effectiveness of using ultrasound waves to manipulate the solidification microstructures of metallic alloys. However, uncertainties remain in both the underlying physics of how microstructures evolve under ultrasonic waves, and the best technological approach to control the final microstructures and properties. We used the ultrafast synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging facility housed at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, US to study in situ the highly transient and dynamic interactions between the liquid metal and ultrasonic waves/bubbles. The dynamics of ultrasonic bubbles in liquid metal and their interactions with the solidifying phases in a transparent alloy were captured in situ. The experiments were complemented by the simulations of the acoustic pressure field, the pulsing of the bubbles, and the associated forces acting onto the solidifying dendrites. The study provides more quantitative understanding on how ultrasonic waves/bubbles influence the growth of dendritic grains and promote the grain multiplication effect for grain refinement.
The Phospholipidomic Signatures of Human Blood Microparticles, Platelets and Platelet‐Derived Microparticles: a Comparative HILIC‐ESI–MS Investigation
Authors: Losito Ilario , Conte Elena , Cataldi Tommaso R. I. , Cioffi Nicola , Megli Francesco M. , Palmisano Francesco 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe phospholipidomic signatures of human blood microparticles and platelets, evaluated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization—mass spectrometry, were compared. The phospholipidome of platelet‐derived microparticles, obtained by platelets stimulation with a mixture of Ca(II), thrombin and collagen, was also considered for the comparison. Platelets, blood microparticles and platelet‐derived microparticles displayed qualitatively similar phospholipidomes, all based on eight major phospholipid classes, namely: phosphatidylcholines, diacyl‐ and plasme(a)nyl‐phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, sphingomyelins and lyso forms of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines. However, while the phospholipidomes of platelets and platelet‐derived microparticles were found to be generally similar also from a quantitative point of view, a higher relative incidence of species bearing polyunsaturated side chains, especially in phospholipid classes sharing the choline head (i.e. phosphatidylcholines and lyso‐phosphatidylcholines), was observed in the case of blood microparticles. As a further peculiar feature, never reported before, the relative abundance of lyso‐phosphatidylcholines among the eight identified phospholipid classes was found to be significantly higher in the lipid extracts of blood microparticles.
Modeling sequential R&D investments: a binomial compound option approach
Authors: Hauschild Bastian , Reimsbach Daniel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a binomial approach to modeling sequential R&D investments. More specifically, we present a compound real options approach, simplifying the existing valuation methodology. Based upon the same set of assumptions as prior models, we show that the number of computational steps for valuing any compound option can be reduced to a single step. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach using the real-world example of valuing a new drug application. Overall, our work provides a heuristic framework for fostering the adoption of binomial compound option valuation techniques in R&D management.
Alzheimer's disease risk variant in CLU is associated with neural inefficiency in healthy individuals
Authors: Lancaster Thomas M. , Brindley Lisa M. , Tansey Katherine E. , Sims Rebecca C. , Mantripragada Kiran , Owen Michael J. , Williams Julie , Linden David E.J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionGenome‐wide association studies identify rs11136000 in the CLU gene, which codes for Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin, as a significant risk variant for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which this variant confers susceptibility remain relatively unknown.MethodsEighty‐five healthy Caucasian participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a working memory (WM) task and were genotyped for CLU rs11136000/APOE loci.ResultsHere we show that young individuals with the CLU rs11136000 risk variant (C) have higher activation levels in memory‐related prefrontal and limbic areas during a WM task. We also found subtle reductions in gray matter in the right hippocampal formation in carriers of the risk variant.DiscussionWe suggest that this pattern of multimodal imaging results may reflect incipient structural differences and inefficient functional activation. This study supports accumulating evidence suggesting that genetic risk for AD affects the neural networks associated with memory in healthy individuals.
High energy density physics research at IMP, Lanzhou, China
Authors: Zhao Yongtao , Cheng Rui , Wang Yuyu , Zhou Xianming , Lei Yu , Sun Yuanbo , Xu Ge , Ren Jieru , Sheng Lina , Zhang Zimin , Xiao Guoqing 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Recent research activities relevant to high energy density physics (HEDP) driven by the heavy ion beam at the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences are presented. Radiography of static objects with the fast extracted high energy carbon ion beam from the Cooling Storage Ring is discussed. Investigation of the low energy heavy ion beam and plasma interaction is reported. With HEDP research as one of the main goals, the project HIAF (High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility), proposed by the Institute of Modern Physics as the 12th five-year-plan of China, is introduced.
Childhood trauma and functional disability in psychosis, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a review of the literature
Authors: Cotter J. , Kaess M. , Yung A. R. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the association between childhood trauma and functional impairment in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, to speculate on possible mechanisms that underlie this association and discuss the implications for clinical work.MethodsNarrative review of the peer-reviewed English language literature in the area.ResultsHigh rates of childhood trauma in psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder were identified. This was associated with impaired social and occupational functioning in both the premorbid and established phases of each of these psychiatric disorders over and above the deficits typically observed in these populations. Possible mechanisms mediating this relationship include neurocognitive deficits, insecure attachment, higher rates of comorbidities and problems with adherence and response to treatment.ConclusionsRoutine clinical inquiry about childhood maltreatment should be adopted within mental health settings. This has potentially important treatment implications for identifying those individuals at elevated risk of functional disability. While there is no clear guidance currently available on how to target childhood trauma in the treatment of psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or borderline personality disorder, there are several promising lines of enquiry and further research is warranted.
An Immersed Boundary Method Based on the Kinematic Relation of the Velocity-Vorticity Formulation
Authors: Farahbakhsh I. , Ghassemi H. , Sabetghadam F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn immersed boundary method is proposed for the simulation of the interaction of an incompressible flow with rigid bodies. The method is based on a new interpretation of velocity-vorticity formulation and no longer includes the force term which is an essential issue of common immersed boundary methods. The system is considered in an Eulerian frame and retrieving the vorticity in this formulation enforces continuity at the fluid-solid interface and rigid motion of the solid. The method focuses on the mutual kinematic relations between the velocity and vorticity fields and with retrieving the vorticity field and recalculating the velocities yields the solenoidal velocity field. The method is applied to the two dimensional problems and the results show that the solenoidality is satisfied acceptably. The comparisons with 2D test cases are provided to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed method.
Nitric oxide involvement in the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression
Authors: Liebenberg Nico , Joca Sâmia , Wegener Gregers 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveWe investigated whether the nitric oxide (NO) precursor,l-arginine, can prevent the antidepressant-like action of the fast-acting antidepressant, ketamine, in a genetic rat model of depression, and/or induce changes in the glutamate (Glu)/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)/NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway. Hereby it was evaluated whether the NO signalling system is involved in the antidepressant mechanism of ketamine.MethodsFlinders sensitive line (FSL) rats received single i.p. injections of ketamine (15 mg/kg) with/without pre-treatment (30 min prior) withl-arginine (500 mg/kg). Depression-like behaviour was assessed in the forced swim test (FST) in terms of immobility, and the activation state of the Glu/NMDAR/NO/cGMP pathway was evaluatedex vivoin the frontal cortex and hippocampus regions in terms of total constitutive NOS (cNOS) activity and cGMP concentration.Resultsl-Arginine pre-treatment prevented the antidepressant-like effect of ketamine in the FST, as well as a ketamine-induced increase in cGMP levels in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of FSL rats. Ketamine reduced cNOS activity only in the hippocampus, and this effect was not reversed byl-arginine.ConclusionBoth the behavioural and molecular results from this study indicate an involvement for the NO signalling pathway in the antidepressant action of ketamine. Although not easily interpretable, these findings broaden our knowledge of effects of ketamine on the NO system.
Loom bands and young children – a tragedy waiting to happen?
Authors: Bohler I R M , Douglas C , Ansari S 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground:There has been a surge in the popularity of loom bands amongst children in recent months. These small rubber bands, which can be woven together to make colourful bracelets and necklaces, have become the world's most popular toy. Foreign bodies in paediatric nasal and aural cavities are a common presentation to ENT units across the country. Whilst most are removed without incident, foreign bodies in nasal passages represent a potential risk for inhalation, leading to airway obstruction.Method:This paper reports a case series of four paediatric patients who presented with a loom band associated foreign body in the nose over a 7-day period at a district general hospital in Scotland.Conclusion:Although the four cases presented were resolved without the need for general anaesthetic, the ever-soaring prevalence and popularity of loom bands necessitates a degree of caution and vigilance from parents, retailers and manufacturers alike. We believe there is an urgent need for greater public awareness of their potential hazards.
Transport properties of warm dense matter behind intense shock waves
Authors: Mintsev V. B. , Fortov V. E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis report presents the overview of the results of investigation of transport properties of warm dense matter in the conditions with strong coupling generated as a result of the shock or multiple shock compression of substance up to the megabar pressure range. We consider the results of measurements of the electrical conductivity in two different regions. The first one is the high temperature region, where the temperatures are of the order or much higher than the ionization potential I of the compressed substance. The region of “pressure ionization” where T ≪ I is the most interesting from the point of view of the specific plasma phase transitions. A few amounts of experimental data on shock compressed matter viscosity are discussed. For the estimations of shear viscosity of strongly coupled plasma experimental data on measurements of electrical conductivity of hydrogen, deuterium and rare gases under intense shock compression were used. It is shown that the ratio of shear viscosity coefficient to volume density of entropy of strongly coupled plasma is of the order of a lower bound, predicted by Kovtun et al. (2005) in frames of string theory methods.
Data, Data Everywhere
Authors: Bradley Phil 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper that is written by Phil Bradley is based on his keynote lecture, which he gave on 12 June 2014 at the BIALL Annual Conference. He considers the growth of information on the internet, both in terms of type and amount. His article considers the difficulties that this flood of data brings with it, the challenges facing traditional search engines when faced with access by mobile devices and applications. The role of privacy and the ‘internet of things’ are also discussed. Finally, there is an overview of the role of the information professional in this new information environment.