bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Recognition of [60]Fullerene Bisadducts by Cyclodextrin: Kinetic Control of a Mechanochemical High-speed Vibration Milling Process
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Ishikawa Michiko , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Nobusawa Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The enantiomers of some fullerene bisadducts were separated by complexation with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CDx) in a mechanochemical high-speed vibration milling (HSVM) apparatus, followed by decomplexation with the addition of DMSO. HSVM treatment, which is generally used for pharmaceutical preparation, was found to be governed not by thermodynamic control but by kinetic control.
Thiazolidinedione use and risk of hospitalization for pneumonia in type 2 diabetes: population based matched case-control study
Authors: Singh Sonal , Yen Chang Hsien , Richards Thomas , Weiner Jonathan P , Clark Jeanne M , Segal Jodi B 
Published: June 2013

Objective: Previous randomized clinical trials and their meta-analyses have raised the possibility that thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone) may increase the risk of pneumonia. We aimed to test the hypothesis that thiazolidinediones may increase the risk of pneumonia.Design: Population based case-control study using a new user design.Setting: A large administrative database in the United States from 2002 to 2008.Population: Adults with type 2 diabetes aged 18-64; restricted to 6129 hospitalized pneumonia cases and 6129 controls without congestive heart failure matched on age, sex, enrollment pattern and diabetes complication severity index matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyse the data.Results: Compared with controls, cases were more likely to have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tobacco use, cancer and have received influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. After adjusting for COPD, cancer, tobacco use, and receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination, and exposure in other periods, neither recent exposure to pioglitazone (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR], 1.15, 95% Confidence intervals 1.00 – 1.32) or rosiglitazone (aOR 1.09, 95% CI, 0.83 – 1.44) nor current exposure to pioglitazone within 60 days (aOR, 1.04, 95% CI, 0.60 – 1.79) was associated with a statistically significant odds of pneumonia. Current exposure to rosiglitazone was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds of pneumonia (aOR, 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.95).Conclusion: In this study of US adults with type 2 diabetes we did not detect a significant increased risk of pneumonia with the thiazolidinediones. The unusually large protective effect of current exposure to rosiglitazone reflects the healthy user effect or unmeasured confounding.
The effect of excision of the posterior arch of C1 on C1/C2 fusion using transarticular screws
Authors: Chang K. C. , Samartzis D. , Fuego S. M. , Dhatt S. S. , Wong Y. W. , Cheung W. Y. , Luk K. D. K. , Cheung K. M. C. 
Published: June 2013

Transarticular screw fixation with autograft is an established procedure for the surgical treatment of atlantoaxial instability. Removal of the posterior arch of C1 may affect the rate of fusion. This study assessed the rate of atlantoaxial fusion using transarticular screws with or without removal of the posterior arch of C1. We reviewed 30 consecutive patients who underwent atlantoaxial fusion with a minimum follow-up of two years. In 25 patients (group A) the posterior arch of C1 was not excised (group A) and in five it was (group B). Fusion was assessed on static and dynamic radiographs. In selected patients CT imaging was also used to assess fusion and the position of the screws. There were 15 men and 15 women with a mean age of 51.2 years (23 to 77) and a mean follow-up of 7.7 years (2 to 11.6). Stable union with a solid fusion or a stable fibrous union was achieved in 29 patients (97%). In Group A, 20 patients (80%) achieved a solid fusion, four (16%) a stable fibrous union and one (4%) a nonunion. In Group B, stable union was achieved in all patients, three having a solid fusion and two a stable fibrous union. There was no statistically significant difference between the status of fusion in the two groups. Complications were noted in 12 patients (40%); these were mainly related to the screws, and included malpositioning and breakage. The presence of an intact or removed posterior arch of C1 did not affect the rate of fusion in patients with atlantoaxial instability undergoing C1/C2 fusion using transarticular screws and autograft. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:972–6.
Dysphagia following anterior cervical spinal surgery
Authors: Cho S. K. , Lu Y. , Lee D-H. 
Published: June 2013

Dysphagia is a common complication of anterior surgery of the cervical spine. The incidence of post-operative dysphagia may be as high as 71% within the first two weeks after surgery, but gradually decreases during the following months. However, 12% to 14% of patients may have some persistent dysphagia one year after the procedure. It has been shown that female gender, advanced age, multilevel surgery, longer operating time and severe pre-operative neck pain may be risk factors. Although the aetiology remains unclear and is probably multifactorial, proposed causes include oesophageal retraction, prominence of the cervical plate and prevertebral swelling. Recently, pre-operative tracheal traction exercises and the use of retropharyngeal steroids have been proposed as methods of reducing post-operative dysphagia.We performed a systematic review to assess the incidence, aetiology, risk factors, methods of assessment and management of dysphagia following anterior cervical spinal surgery.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:868–73.
Endoscopicversusopen release in patients with de Quervain’s tenosynovitis
Authors: Kang H. J. , Koh I. H. , Jang J. W. , Choi Y. R. 
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome and complications of endoscopic versus open release for the treatment of de Quervain’s tenosynovitis. Patients with this condition were randomised to undergo either endoscopic (n = 27) or open release (n = 25). Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores were measured at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery. Scar satisfaction was measured using a VAS scale. The mean pain and DASH scores improved significantly at 12 weeks and 24 weeks (p < 0.001) in both groups. The scores were marginally lower in the endoscopic group compared to the open group at 12 weeks (p = 0.012 and p = 0.002, respectively); however, only the DASH score showed a clinically important difference. There were no differences between the groups at 24 weeks. The mean VAS scar satisfaction score was higher in the endoscopic group at 24 weeks (p < 0.001). Transient superficial radial nerve injury occurred in three patients in the endoscopic group compared with nine in the open release group (p = 0.033).We conclude that endoscopic release for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis seems to provide earlier improvement after surgery, with fewer superficial radial nerve complications and greater scar satisfaction, when compared with open release.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:947–51.
A systematic review of the non-operative treatment of nightstick fractures of the ulna
Authors: Cai X-Z. , Yan S-G. , Giddins G. 
Published: June 2013

Most patients with a nightstick fracture of the ulna are treated conservatively. Various techniques of immobilisation or early mobilisation have been studied. We performed a systematic review of all published randomised controlled trials and observational studies that have assessed the outcome of these fractures following above- or below-elbow immobilisation, bracing and early mobilisation. We searched multiple electronic databases, related bibliographies and other studies. We included 27 studies comprising 1629 fractures in the final analysis. The data relating to the time to radiological union and the rates of delayed union and nonunion could be pooled and analysed statistically. We found that early mobilisation produced the shortest radiological time to union (mean 8.0 weeks) and the lowest mean rate of nonunion (0.6%). Fractures treated with above- or below-elbow immobilisation and braces had longer mean radiological times to union (9.2 weeks, 9.2 weeks and 8.7 weeks, respectively) and higher mean rates of nonunion (3.8%, 2.1% and 0.8%, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of non- or delayed union between those treated by early mobilisation and the three forms of immobilisation (p = 0.142 to p = 1.000, respectively). All the studies had significant biases, but until a robust randomised controlled trial is undertaken the best advice for the treatment of undisplaced or partially displaced nightstick fractures appears to be early mobilisation, with a removable forearm support for comfort as required. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:952–9.
Application of Honey-Bee Mating Optimization to Naphtha Reforming Reactor
Authors: Karimi Somayeh , Mostoufi Navid , Sotudeh-Gharebagh Rahmat 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Modeling and optimization of the process of continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) of naphtha was investigated. The process model is based on a network of four main reactions which was proved to be quite effective in terms of industrial application. Temperatures of the inlet of four reactors were selected as the decision variables. The honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) and the genetic algorithm (GA) were applied to solve the optimization problem and the results of these two methods were compared. The profit was considered as the objective function which was subject to maximization. Optimization of the CCR moving bed reactors to reach maximum profit was carried out by the HBMO algorithm and the inlet temperature reactors were considered as decision variables. The optimization results showed that an increase of 3.01% in the profit can be reached based on the results of the HBMO algorithm. Comparison of the performance of optimization by the HBMO and the GA for the naphtha reforming model showed that the HBMO is an effective and rapid converging technique which can reach a better optimum results than the GA. The results showed that the HBMO has a better performance than the GA in finding the global optimum with fewer number of objective function evaluations. Also, it was shown that the HBMO is less likely to get stuck in a local optimum.
Experimental Research on Utilization of Steel Rolling Sludge in Sintering Process
Authors: Zhao Haochuan , Zhong Wenqi , Zhou Guanwen , Shao Yingjuan , Wang Tiancai , Liu Fei , Jin B.-S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A quantity of steel rolling sludge (SRS) produced in the rolling mill is harm to the environment and difficult to dispose. This article is devoted to study on utilization of SRS in sintering process. A sinter pot system with capacity of 75 kg was established. The sintering time, the flue gas temperature, the sintering temperature and the suction pressure in sintering process were measured. Besides the sinter quality, air pollutants discharged from the sintering process with the mass fraction of SRS ranging from 0 to 3% was investigated. The results showed that the CO2 concentration is corresponding to the sintering process, the SO2 concentration has a self-sustaining characteristic and the NOX concentration maintains stability. Increase in mass fraction of SRS leads to the decrease of sintering temperature, particle size, tumbler index and basicity of the sinter. Besides, the sintering time and the average concentration of NOX decrease first and then increase, while the suction pressure appears an opposite trend with increasing mass fraction of SRS. Moreover, the average concentration of CO2 and SO2 both decrease with increasing mass fraction of SRS, and the fuel consumption per sinter produced is the least when the mass fraction of SRS is 2%. Therefore, when the mass fraction of SRS was 2%, the sintering process had the best performance in consideration of sinter quality, emission of air pollutants and behaviors in sintering process.
Some Physical Properties of Azarbayejani Hazelnut and Its Kernel
Authors: Maleki Gisoo , Milani Jafar , Motamedzadegan Ali 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this study, some physical properties such as bulk density, true density, porosity and static coefficient of friction in four levels of moisture content (against four structural surfaces) of an Iranian commercial variety of hazelnut (Azarbayejani Hazelnut) and its kernel was determined. Bulk density increased from 409.7 to 491.4 kg m−3 and from 415.4 to 477.9 kg m−3 for whole nut and its kernel respectively. True density increased from 954.8 to 1079.4 kg m−3 for whole nut and from 886.9 to 965.8 kg m−3 for its kernel, porosity decreased from 57.11 to 54.47 kg m−3 and from 53.52 to 52.51 kg m−3 for whole nut and its kernel. The static coefficient of friction of both nuts and kernels on all four test surfaces increased with increasing the moisture content. The average friction coefficient (both nut and kernel) was the highest on MDF and the lowest on galvanized iron sheet.
Some Biochemical and Physical Changes during Manufacturing of Grey Sufu, a Traditional Chinese Fermented Soybean Curd
Authors: Ma Yan-Li , Wang Jia-Huai , Cheng Yong-Qiang , Yin Li-Jun , Li Li-Te 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this study, grey sufu, a traditional Chinese fermented soybean curd, was prepared by ripening the salted pehtze in dressing mixture containing soy whey left over from making tofu. The biochemical and physical changes during grey sufu manufacturing were investigated. It was found that amino nitrogen, water-soluble protein, peptide and free amino acid content increased significantly during manufacturing. Meanwhile, hydrophobic amino acid proportion increased to 84.15% after ripening for 90 days. Examining the changes in short-chain fatty acids revealed that butyric acid, acetic acid and succinate increased, while lactic acid content experienced a significant decline. In addition, it was found that grey sufu was rich in butyric acid with the highest content of 25.44 mg/g dry matter, which was much higher than that of other foods known. It was suggested that high concentration of butyric acid might make grey sufu potentially helpful in controlling several diseases.
Thin Layer Modelling of Microwave-Convective Drying of Tomato Slices
Authors: Workneh Tilahun S. , Oke Moruf O. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The thin layer drying behaviour of tomato slices dried using microwave power densities of 1.13, 2.08 and 3.11 W/g combined with air ventilation (50°C) and hot air drying at 40, 50, 70 and 80°C was investigated. The tomato slice dried faster when subjected to microwave heating coupled with hot air ventilation. Drying time decreased considerably with increase in microwave power density and with increase in hot air temperature. Drying took place in a constant rate period followed by the falling rate period after a short heating period. The drying data were fitted to Newton (Lewis), Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Wang and Singh and Parabolic equations. The Parabolic model (R
2 = 0.9999; χ
2 = 0.0085; MBE = 0.0182 and RMSE = 0.0691) gave the best fit to predict the hot air ventilation drying of tomato slices while the Logarithmic model (R
2 = 0.9951; χ
2 = 0.0024; MBE = −0.0319 and RMSE = 0.0477) gave the best fit for microwave-assisted hot air drying of tomato slices. The values of the effective diffusivity coefficients of the tomato slices varied between 1.68 × 10–9 and 5.22 × 10–8 m2/s while the activation energy was 27.09 kJ/mol. The lower activation energy indicates that drying of tomato slices requires less energy and is hence a cost and energy-saving method. Microwave drying at 1.13 and 2.08 W/g maintained superior colour quality of the tomato slices.
Synthesis of polymer particles and capsules employing microfluidic techniques
Authors: Boskovic Dusan , Loebbecke Stefan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the field of microfluidic particle synthesis, significant progress has been made during the past decade. Excellent control of the process and flow conditions allows the synthesis of particulate materials with unique properties, which are not achievable with conventional techniques. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the main strategies for microfluidic syntheses of polymer particles and microcapsules on the basis of continuous droplet formation as the initial process step. Additionally, we outline the major challenges, which have to be overcome to allow the fabrication of large quantities of novel microparticular products.
Association of a Common Genetic Factor, PTGER3, With Outcome of Periodontal Therapy and Preterm Birth
Authors: Jeffcoat Marjorie K. , Jeffcoat Robert L. , Tanna Nipul , Parry Samuel H. 
Published: June 2013

Background: Clinical evidence suggests an association between preterm birth and periodontal disease. This study explores whether specific genetic polymorphisms are associated with success of periodontal therapy in pregnant women with periodontal disease and, further, whether any of these same polymorphisms are also associated with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB).Methods: One hundred sixty high‐risk pregnant women (6 to 20 weeks of gestation) with periodontal disease (≥3 sites with attachment loss ≥4 mm) were studied. All women received scaling and root planing plus oral hygiene instruction. Periodontal examinations were performed before treatment and 20 weeks later. Participants were classified according to two study outcomes: 1) success or failure of periodontal treatment; and 2) presence or absence of sPTB. Maternal DNA samples from mucosal swabs were characterized using a 1536‐SNP (single‐nucleotide polymorphism) custom polymerase chain reaction chip. A probabilistic model of each dichotomous outcome, derived using a stepwise Bayesian procedure, was compared to respective null hypotheses on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations and significance estimates obtained using three measures (z‐test, Welch t‐test, and probability convolution). The models were further confirmed by logistic regression analyses.Results: The models revealed a significant relation between a specific polymorphism of prostaglandin E receptor 3 (a gene associated with inflammatory response) and both periodontal treatment failure (odds ratio 11.09, P <0.0002) and sPTB (odds ratio 6.89, P <0.0032).Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the risk of unsuccessful periodontal treatment is associated with tag SNPs in specific genes that regulate the inflammatory response, one of which is also associated with sPTB.
Hypoxia Regulates the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Under Cyclic Tensile Stress via Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathways
Authors: Li Lu , Han Min‐xuan , Li Sheng , Xu Yan , Wang Lin 
Published: June 2013

Background: Previous studies have shown that periodontal ligament exists in a hypoxic microenvironment, especially under the condition of periodontitis or physical stress. The present study is designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of hypoxia on regulating the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under cyclic tensile stress (CTS).Methods: hPDLCs were cultured in 2% O2 (hypoxia) or 20% O2 (normoxia) and then subjected to a cyclic in‐plane tensile deformation of 10% at 0.5 Hz. The following parameters were measured: 1) cell proliferation by flow cytometry; 2) cell ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy; 3) expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and osteogenic relative factors (i.e., secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1; also known as bone sialoprotein I/osteopontin], runt‐related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2], and transcription factor Sp7 [SP7]) by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot; and 4) involvement of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways by Western blot with specific inhibitor.Results: Proliferation index in the hypoxia with CTS group was significantly higher than in other groups. Significant increases in HIF‐1α, SPP1, RUNX2, and SP7 occurred in the presence of hypoxia for 24 hours. In addition, MAPK inhibitor (PD 98,059) significantly attenuated hypoxia and CTS‐induced phosphor‐ERK1/2 (extracellular regulated kinase 1/2), phosphor‐JNK (c‐jun N‐terminal kinase), and phosphor‐P38 expression.Conclusions: Hypoxia regulates CTS‐responsive changes in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs via MAPK pathways. Hypoxia‐treated hPDLCs may serve as an in vitro model to explore the molecular mechanisms of periodontitis.
Resistin Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Gokhale Neeraja H. , Acharya Anirudh B. , Patil Vidya S. , Trivedi Dheeraj J. , Setty Swati , Thakur Srinath L. 
Published: June 2013

Background: Resistin is associated with local and systemic inflammatory conditions with a direct correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this clinico‐biochemical study is to estimate and compare the levels of resistin in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in health, chronic periodontitis (CP), and T2DM.Methods: Sixty patients (aged >35 years) who participated in this study were divided into four groups of 15 patients each: healthy individuals (group 1), patients with CP (group 2), patients with T2DM (group 3), and patients with T2DM and CP (group 4). The parameters assessed included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), periodontal index, body mass index, random blood sugar (RBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). GCF (4 μL) was collected and analyzed for resistin levels using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Resistin was detected in the GCF of all patients. A significant difference was observed in GCF resistin concentrations from group 1 versus group 2 (P = 0.0093), group 3 (P = 0.0341), and group 4 (P = 0.0002); in group 2 versus group 4 (P = 0.0032); and in group 3 versus group 4 (P = 0.0008). When all the samples were analyzed together, GCF resistin levels positively correlated with GI, PD, PI, RBS, and HbA1c and were predictable with PD and HbA1c.Conclusions: Resistin levels are increased in CP and T2DM. Hence, GCF resistin levels may be considered as a potential inflammatory marker for periodontitis with T2DM.