bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel SiO2‐Supported Cr–V Bimetallic Catalyst Making Polyethylene and Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymers with Bimodal Molecular Weight Distribution
Authors: Zhao Ning , Cheng Ruihua , He Xuelian , Liu Zhen , Liu Boping 
Published: April 2014

A novel SiO2‐supported Cr–V bimetallic catalyst for ethylene and ethylene/α‐olefin polymerization is investigated. This catalyst is prepared using the residual surface hydroxyl groups in a SiO2‐supported vanadium catalyst to support bis(triphenysilyl) chromate (BC) in order to get the merits from both the vanadium‐based catalyst and the S‐2 catalyst. By investigation of the polymerization behavior and the microstructures of their polymers, several vital factors, such as the addition amount of vanadium species and the dosage of 1‐hexene, on the ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization are systematically investigated. The results show that the activity of each bimetallic catalyst is higher than that of the S‐2 catalyst, and the product from the bimetallic catalyst shows a higher molecular weight (MW) with a bimodal molecular weight distribution (MWD). The copolymers obtained using the bimetallic catalyst also show a better short‐chain branch distribution (SCBD) than that using the S‐2 catalyst through a temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) cross successive self‐nucleation and annealing (SSA) characterization.
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Learning and relationship orientation: an empirical examination in European museums
Authors: Garrido Ma José , Camarero Carmen 
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this paper is to assess the interrelations between learning orientation, innovation strategy, relationship orientation and economic and social performance in the management of cultural organizations such as museums. We first provide a review of the literature addressing the main constructs involved in the research: learning orientation, innovation, relationship orientation and performance, and we detail the model's hypotheses reflecting the interrelations amongst the proposed variables. Building on extensive literature, a model is developed and empirically tested using survey data collected from 491 European museums in Spain, France, Italy and the UK. Data are analysed through structural equation modelling. In the present study, evidence is found to support the positive and significant link between learning orientation and internal (organizational innovation) as well as external (relationship orientation) changes in museums. Further, we find that organizational innovation and relationship orientation aid the introduction of greater technological developments in these organizations. We also find evidence to support the idea that learning orientation, innovation strategy and relationship orientation impact the economic and social performance of museums. Findings clearly show that achieving organizational objectives through learning processes necessarily entails the introduction of internal changes—innovation—and external relationships—relationship orientation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE: DECENTRALISED PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Snyder Katherine A. , Ludi Eva , Cullen Beth , Tucker Josephine , Zeleke Alemayehu B. , Duncan Alan 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis article discusses how decentralisation policies are enacted in the planning and implementation of natural resource management interventions in rural Ethiopia. A key element of decentralisation policy is the emphasis on greater participation by local communities. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with government staff and farmers, this paper illustrates how different actors perceive and implement national policy and how these actions affect the longer‐term sustainability of land management interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of maternal and infant outcomes within nationwide Medicaid data
Authors: Palmsten Kristin , Huybrechts Krista F. , Kowal Mary K. , Mogun Helen , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study is to assess the validity of preeclampsia, congenital cardiac malformations, and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) diagnoses in the US Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX), a nationwide health care utilization database that may be useful for perinatal research.MethodsUsing the 2000–2007 MAX, we identified more than 1 million pregnancies ending in live birth. We identified potential cases based on claims, reviewed their hospital medical records, and calculated the positive predictive values (PPVs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using records as the reference.ResultsAmong 183 women with any preeclampsia diagnoses, the PPV was 66.5% (53.6, 77.4%), but it increased to 94.5% (84.0, 98.3%) for inpatient preeclampsia diagnoses. The PPV for inpatient PPHN diagnoses (N = 82) was 68.3% (57.6, 77.4%), but it increased to 89.6% (CI: 77.8, 95.5%) when restricting to infants not transferred to another facility shortly after birth (N = 48). The PPV for cardiac malformations was 77.6% (65.7, 86.2%) when requiring inpatient codes on more than one date (N = 63).ConclusionsThese PPVs are conservative, particularly when patients were transferred or received outpatient diagnoses, because we reviewed records from a single hospitalization only. PPVs improve with stringent identification criteria, at the cost of sensitivity, and can be used to correct for measurement error. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coronavirus entry and release in polarized epithelial cells: a review
Authors: Cong Yingying , Ren Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYMost coronaviruses cause respiratory or intestinal infections in their animal or human host. Hence, their interaction with polarized epithelial cells plays a critical role in the onset and outcome of infection. In this paper, we review the knowledge regarding the entry and release of coronaviruses, with particular emphasis on the severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses. As these viruses approach the epithelial surfaces from the apical side, it is not surprising that coronavirus cell receptors are exposed primarily on the apical domain of polarized epithelial cells. With respect to release, all possibilities appear to occur. Thus, most coronaviruses exit through the apical surface, several through the basolateral one, although the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus appears to use both sides. These observations help us understand the local or systematic spread of the infection within its host as well as the spread of the virus within the host population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Evidence for OCT4-Induced Plasticity in Adult Human Fibroblasts Required for Direct Cell Fate Conversion to Lineage Specific Progenitors
Authors: Mitchell Ryan , Szabo Eva , Shapovalova Zoya , Aslostovar Lili , Makondo Kennedy , Bhatia Mickie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Here we characterize the molecular and biological requirements for OCT4 plasticity induction in human skin derived fibroblasts (hFibs) that allows direct conversion of cell fate without iPSC formation. Our results indicate that adult hFibs not only require OCT4 but also short-term exposure to reprogramming media (RM) to successfully undergo direct conversion to early hematopoietic and neural progenitor fates. RM was found to be essential in this process and allowed for unique changes in global gene expression specific to the combined effects of OCT4 and treatment with reprogramming media to establish a plastic state. This molecular state of hFib plasticity was distinct from transient expression of a full complement of iPSC reprogramming factors consistent with a lack in molecular hallmarks of iPSC formation. Human Fib-derived OCT4 plastic cells display elevated levels of developmentally related genes associated with multiple lineages, but not those associated with pluripotency. In response to changes in the extracellular environment, plastic OCT4-expressing hFibs further activate genes involved in hematopoietic as well as tripotent neural progenitor biology that allow cell fate conversion. Our study provides a working definition of hFib-induced plasticity using OCT4 and a deconvoluted system to elucidate the process of direct cell fate reprogramming. Stem Cells 2014;32:2178–2187
EDAG Positively Regulates Erythroid Differentiation and Modifies GATA1 Acetylation Through Recruiting p300
Authors: Zheng Wei-Wei , Dong Xiao-Ming , Yin Rong-Hua , Xu Fei-Fei , Ning Hong-Mei , Zhang Mei-Jiang , Xu Cheng-Wang , Yang Yang , Ding Ya-Li , Wang Zhi-Dong , Zhao Wen-Bo , Tang Liu-jun , Chen Hui , Wang Xiao-Hui , Zhan Yi-Qun , Yu Miao , Ge Chang-Hui , Li Chang-Yan , Yang Xiao-Ming 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Erythroid differentiation-associated gene (EDAG) has been considered to be a transcriptional regulator that controls hematopoietic cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The role of EDAG in erythroid differentiation of primary erythroid progenitor cells and in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we found that EDAG is highly expressed in CMPs and MEPs and upregulated during the erythroid differentiation of CD34+ cells following erythropoietin (EPO) treatment. Overexpression of EDAG induced erythroid differentiation of CD34+ cells in vitro and in vivo using immunodeficient mice. Conversely, EDAG knockdown reduced erythroid differentiation in EPO-treated CD34+ cells. Detailed mechanistic analysis suggested that EDAG forms complex with GATA1 and p300 and increases GATA1 acetylation and transcriptional activity by facilitating the interaction between GATA1 and p300. EDAG deletion mutants lacking the binding domain with GATA1 or p300 failed to enhance erythroid differentiation, suggesting that EDAG regulates erythroid differentiation partly through forming EDAG/GATA1/p300 complex. In the presence of the specific inhibitor of p300 acetyltransferase activity, C646, EDAG was unable to accelerate erythroid differentiation, indicating an involvement of p300 acetyltransferase activity in EDAG-induced erythroid differentiation. ChIP-PCR experiments confirmed that GATA1 and EDAG co-occupy GATA1-targeted genes in primary erythroid cells and in vivo. ChIP-seq was further performed to examine the global occupancy of EDAG during erythroid differentiation and a total of 7,133 enrichment peaks corresponding to 3,847 genes were identified. Merging EDAG ChIP-Seq and GATA1 ChIP-Seq datasets revealed that 782 genes overlapped. Microarray analysis suggested that EDAG knockdown selectively inhibits GATA1-activated target genes. These data provide novel insights into EDAG in regulation of erythroid differentiation. Stem Cells 2014;32:2278–2289
JMJD5 Regulates Cell Cycle and Pluripotency in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Zhu Hui , Hu Shijun , Baker Julie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In mammalian embryos, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent cells, a shortened G1 phase is correlated with the pluripotent state. To molecularly define this phase, we compared transcripts from the shortened G1 of human ESCs (hESCs) with those from the longer G1 of derived endoderm. We identified JMJD5, a JmjC (Jumonji C) domain containing protein that, when depleted in hESCs, causes the accumulation of cells in G1 phase, loss of pluripotency, and subsequent differentiation into multiple lineages, most prominently ectoderm and trophectoderm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the JMJD5 phenotype is caused by the upregulation of CDKN1A (p21), as depleting both JMJD5 and CDKN1A (p21) in hESCs restores the rapid G1 phase and rescues the pluripotent state. Overall, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the JMJD5/CDKN1A (p21) axis is essential to maintaining the short G1 phase which is critical for pluripotency in hESCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:2098–2110
Brief Report: Parthenogenetic Embryonic Stem Cells are an Effective Cell Source for Therapeutic Liver Repopulation
Authors: Espejel Silvia , Eckardt Sigrid , Harbell Jack , Roll Garrett R. , McLaughlin K. John , Willenbring Holger 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Parthenogenesis is the development of an oocyte without fertilization. Mammalian parthenogenetic (PG) embryos are not viable, but can develop into blastocysts from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been derived in mouse and human. PG ESCs are frequently homozygous for alleles encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. MHC homozygosity permits much more efficient immune matching than MHC heterozygosity found in conventional ESCs, making PG ESCs a promising cell source for cell therapies requiring no or little immune suppression. However, findings of restricted differentiation and proliferation of PG cells in developmental chimeras have cast doubt on the potential of PG ESC derivatives for organ regeneration. To address this uncertainty, we determined whether PG ESC derivatives are effective in rescuing mice with lethal liver failure due to deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fah). In developmental chimeras generated by injecting wild-type PG ESCs into Fah-deficient blastocysts, PG ESCs differentiated into hepatocytes that could repopulate the liver, provide normal liver function, and facilitate long-term survival of adult mice. Moreover, after transplantation into adult Fah-deficient mice, PG ESC-derived hepatocytes efficiently engrafted and proliferated, leading to high-level liver repopulation. Our results show that—despite the absence of a paternal genome—PG ESCs can form therapeutically effective hepatocytes. Stem Cells 2014;32:1983–1988
Development of the embryonic and larval peripheral nervous system of Drosophila
Authors: Singhania Aditi , Grueber Wesley B. 
Published: April 2014

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) of embryonic and larval stage Drosophila consists of diverse types of sensory neurons positioned along the body wall. Sensory neurons, and associated end organs, show highly stereotyped locations and morphologies. Many powerful genetic tools for gene manipulation available in Drosophila make the PNS an advantageous system for elucidating basic principles of neural development. Studies of the Drosophila PNS have provided key insights into molecular mechanisms of cell fate specification, asymmetric cell division, and dendritic morphogenesis. A canonical lineage gives rise to sensory neurons and associated organs, and cells within this lineage are diversified through asymmetric cell divisions. Newly specified sensory neurons develop specific dendritic patterns, which are controlled by numerous factors including transcriptional regulators, interactions with neighboring neurons, and intracellular trafficking systems. In addition, sensory axons show modality specific terminations in the central nervous system, which are patterned by secreted ligands and their receptors expressed by sensory axons. Modality‐specific axon projections are critical for coordinated larval behaviors. We review the molecular basis for PNS development and address some of the instances in which the mechanisms and molecules identified are conserved in vertebrate development.This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Flies
The novel Shewanella putrefaciens-infecting bacteriophage Spp001: genome sequence and lytic enzymes
Authors: Han Feng , Li Meng , Lin Hong , Wang Jingxue , Cao Limin , Khan Muhammad Naseem 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens has been identified as a specific spoilage organism commonly found in chilled fresh fish, which contributes to the spoilage of fish products. Limiting S. putrefaciens growth can extend the shelf-life of chilled fish. Endolysins, which are lytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages, have been considered an alternative to control bacterial growth, and have been useful in various applications, including food preservation. We report here, for the first time, the complete genome sequence of a novel phage Spp001, which lyses S. putrefaciens Sp225. The Spp001 genome comprises a 54,789-bp DNA molecule with 67 open reading frames and an average total G + C content of 49.42 %. In silico analysis revealed that the Spp001 open reading frames encode various putative functional proteins, including an endolysin (ORF 62); however, no sequence for genes encoding the holin polypeptides, which work in concert with endolysins, was identified. To examine further the lytic activity of Spp001, we analyzed the lytic enzyme-containing fraction from phages released at the end of the phage lytic cycle in S. putrefaciens, using diffusion and turbidimetric assays. The results show that the partially purified extract contained endolysin, as indicated by a high hydrolytic activity towards bacterial peptidoglycan decrease in the OD590 value by 0.160 in 15 min. The results will allow further investigation of the purification of natural Spp001 endolysin, the extension of Spp001 host range, and the applications of the phage-encoded enzymes.
Managerial Mindsets Toward Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Auto Industry in Iran
Authors: Soltani Ebrahim , Syed Jawad , Liao Ying-Ying , Iqbal Abdullah 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Despite a plethora of empirical evidence on the potential role of senior management in the success of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Western-dominated organizational contexts, little attempt has been made to document the various managerial mindsets toward CSR in organizations in Muslim-dominated countries in the Middle East region. To address this existing lacuna of theoretical and empirical research in CSR management, this paper offers a qualitative case study of CSR in three manufacturing firms operating in Iran’s auto industry. Based on an inductive analysis of the qualitative data, three types of managerial mindset toward CSR are identified: conformist, self-seeker, and satisfier. While it is evident that these different mindsets of Iranian managers seek to serve managerial ends and short-term self-interests, they fall short of core values of Islamic ethics and CSR.
Does IGFR1 inhibition result in increased muscle mass loss in patients undergoing treatment for pancreatic cancer?
Authors: Fogelman David R. , Holmes Holly , Mohammed Khalil , Katz Matthew H. G. , Prado Carla M. , Lieffers Jessica , Garg Naveen , Varadhachary Gauri R. , Shroff Rachna , Overman Michael J. , Garrett Christopher , Wolff Robert A. , Javle Milind 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundIGF‐1 plays a role in the growth of multiple tumor types, including pancreatic cancer. IGF‐1 also serves as a growth factor for muscle. The impact of therapeutic targeting of IGF‐1 on muscle mass is unknown.MethodsWe evaluated muscle mass at L3 in patients enrolled in a randomized phase II study of MK‐0646 (M), a monoclonal antibody directed against the IGF‐1 protein, in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). Two different doses of M were tested, 5 and 10 mg/kg. We used the Slice‐o‐matic (ver 4.3) software to segregate CT images into muscle and fat components and measured muscle area (cm2) at baseline and after 2 and 4 months of treatment. Patients received either gemcitabine with erlotinib (G + E), G + E + M, or G + M. Differences between the groups were compared using t tests.ResultsFifty‐three patients had both baseline and 2‐month imaging available for analysis. Of these, 42 received M with their chemo, and 11 had G + E only. After 2 months of treatment, both groups demonstrated decrease in muscle mass. G + E patients lost 5.6 % of muscle mass; M patients lost 9.1 and 8.6 % after treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively (p = 0.53). Patients demonstrating a response lost less muscle (median 4.6 %) than those with stable disease (9.6 %) and progressive disease (8.9 %, p = 0.14). Muscle retention from baseline to 2‐month imaging, defined as loss of <6 cm2 of muscle, correlated with better survival than those patients demonstrating a muscle loss (HR 0.51, p = 0.03).ConclusionsMPC patients can be expected to lose muscle mass even while having clinical benefit (PR or SD) from chemotherapy. Muscle loss correlated with a risk of study drop‐out and death. There was a non‐significant trend toward greater muscle mass loss in patients on anti‐IGF‐1R therapy. However, it is unclear if this loss translates into functional differences between patients.
Alzheimer's disease‐related plaques in nondemented subjects
Authors: Elobeid Adila , Rantakömi Sanna , Soininen Hilkka , Alafuzoff Irina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology was assessed in 587 nondemented subjects, with age at death at or more than 50 years. In 307 subjects, amyloid‐β (Aβ) immunoreactive (IR) plaques were seen; in 192 subjects, neuritic plaques (NPs) stained with modified Bielschowsky silver stain (mBky) were observed. In 20% of the whole cohort and in 62% of the 192 subjects with NPs in mBky, hyperphosphorylated tau (HPtau) IR NPs were seen. In most cases in this nondemented cohort, the HPtau IR NPs were observed either sparsely or to a moderate extent. The correlation between the NP score and Braak stage was best (r = 0.6, P < .001) when HPtau immunohistochemistry was used. Eighty‐three percent of the subjects could not be categorized following the 1997 National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute (NIA‐RI) recommendations, whereas the 2012 National Institute on Aging–Alzheimer's Association (NIA‐AA) guidelines were applicable for all study subjects. Twenty‐eight subjects had an intermediate level of AD neuropathological change according to the 2012 NIA‐AA guidelines, and 25 of these 28 subjects displayed HPtau IR NPs in the temporal cortex. It is noteworthy, however, that as many as 119 out of the 192 subjects with NPs in mBky displayed HPtau IR NPs in the temporal cortex. Ninety‐four of these 119 subjects with neocortical HPtau IR NPs had a low level of neuropathological AD change according to the 2012 NIA‐AA guidelines because they were in Braak stages I and II. Thus, 94 subjects were not acknowledged as being at risk for AD when applying the 2012 NIA‐AA guidelines. We suggest that to identify all subjects with cortical HPtau pathology and, consequently, probably being at risk for developing AD, in addition to the level of AD neuropathological change as recommended by the 2012 NIA‐AA guidelines, assessment of HPtau IR NPs in the neocortex should be carried out.
Existence, Stability and Oscillation Properties of Slow-Decay Positive Solutions of Supercritical Elliptic Equations with Hardy Potential
Authors: Moroz Vitaly , van Schaftingen Jean 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe prove the existence of a family of slow-decay positive solutions of a supercritical elliptic equation with Hardy potentialand study the stability and oscillation properties of these solutions. We also show that if the equation on ℝN has a stable slow-decay positive solution, then for any smooth compact K ⊂ ℝN a family of the exterior Dirichlet problems in ℝN \ K admits a continuum of stable slow-decay infinite-energy solutions.
On Fano Varieties with Torus Action of Complexity 1
Authors: Herppich Elaine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this work we provide effective bounds and classification results for rational ℚ-factorial Fano varieties with a complexity-one torus action and Picard number 1 depending on the two invariants dimension and Picard index. This complements earlier work by Hausenet al., where the case of a free divisor class group of rank 1 was treated.
Sequences of Weak Solutions for Non-Local Elliptic Problems with Dirichlet Boundary Condition
Authors: Bisci Giovanni Molica , Pizzimenti Pasquale F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper the existence of infinitely many solutions for a class of Kirchhoff-type problems involving the p-Laplacian, with p > 1, is established. By using variational methods, we determine unbounded real intervals of parameters such that the problems treated admit either an unbounded sequence of weak solutions, provided that the nonlinearity has a suitable behaviour at ∞, or a pairwise distinct sequence of weak solutions that strongly converges to 0 if a similar behaviour occurs at 0. Some comparisons with several results in the literature are pointed out. The last part of the work is devoted to the autonomous elliptic Dirichlet problem.