bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exact and heuristic algorithms for solving the generalized vehicle routing problem with flexible fleet size
Authors: Afsar H. Murat , Prins Christian , Santos Andréa Cynthia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe generalized vehicle routing problem with flexible fleet size (GVRP‐flex) extends the classical capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) by partitioning the set of required nodes into clusters and has interesting applications such as humanitarian logistics. The problem aims at minimizing the total cost for a set of routes, such that each cluster is visited exactly once and its total demand is delivered to one of its nodes. An exact method based on column generation (CG) and two metaheuristics derived from iterated local search are proposed for the case with flexible fleet size. On five sets of benchmarks, including a new one, the CG approach often provides good upper and lower bounds, whereas the metaheuristics find, in a few seconds, solutions with small optimality gaps.
Effects of full‐mouth scaling on the periodontal health of Indigenous Australians: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kapellas Kostas , Do Loc G. , Mark Bartold P. , Skilton Michael R. , Maple‐Brown Louise J. , O'Dea Kerin , Brown Alex , Celermajer David S. , Slade Gary D. , Jamieson Lisa M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundSimplified periodontal therapy might be a pragmatic strategy for public health programmes targeting Indigenous Australian adults. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate oral health effects of single‐visit, non‐surgical periodontal therapy compared to no treatment.MethodsThis parallel‐group, randomized, open label clinical trial enrolled 273 Indigenous Australians aged ≥18 years with periodontitis. Intervention participants received full‐mouth periodontal scaling and root planing during a single visit while the control group received no treatment. Endpoints were summary variables derived from clinical assessments of probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding before treatment and 3 months later.ResultsEndpoints could be calculated for 169 participants with follow‐up data. Compared to the control group, there were statistically significant reductions in extent of shallow pockets: PD ≥4 mm (mean difference −2.86, [95% CI −5.01 to −0.71], p = 0.009) and gingival bleeding (mean difference −0.25, [95% CI −0.43 to −0.08], p = 0.005) but not deeper pockets PD ≥5 mm (mean difference −0.48, [95% CI −1.78 to 0.82], p = 0.468) or plaque scores.ConclusionsPeriodontal therapy produced improvements in shallow periodontal pockets and measures of gingival bleeding in these Indigenous Australians.
Mouthparts and their setae of the intertidal isopod Cirolana harfordi
Authors: THOMSON M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe cirolanid isopod Cirolana harfordi is described as a scavenger and a predator that lives in the intertidal region. In order to understand the microanatomy of the mouthparts and the setae that allow this animal to handle and eat its food, a scanning electron microscopy study was conducted. C. harfordi displays a variety in the types of setae distributed on its mouthparts in a site‐specific fashion, including complex setae placed on the medial edge of the maxilliped and maxilla. Terminal pores in some setae were found to contain a cupule, which is a hemispherical structure, housed in the concave recess of the pore, which demonstrates that the pore is more than merely a thinning of the cuticle as has been proposed. Future studies on setal morphology are needed for comparative microanatomy of cirolanid isopods.
Economic Nationalism in Mergers and Acquisitions
Authors: SERDAR DINC I. , EREL ISIL 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper studies government reactions to large corporate merger attempts in the European Union during 1997 to 2006 using hand‐collected data. We document widespread economic nationalism in which the government prefers that target companies remain domestically owned rather than foreign‐owned. This preference is stronger in times and countries with strong far‐right parties and weak governments. Nationalist government reactions have both direct and indirect economic impacts on mergers. In particular, these reactions not only affect the outcome of the mergers that they target but also deter foreign companies from bidding for other companies in that country in the future.
International Asset Pricing with Recursive Preferences
Authors: COLACITO RICCARDO , CROCE MARIANO M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFocusing on data from the United States and the United Kingdom, we document that both the anomaly identified by Backus and Smith, which concerns the low correlation between consumption differentials and exchange rates, and the forward premium anomaly, which concerns the tendency of high interest rate currencies to appreciate, have become more severe over time. Taking into account different capital mobility regimes, we show that these anomalies turn into general equilibrium regularities in a two‐country and two‐good economy with Epstein and Zin preferences, frictionless markets, and correlated long‐run growth prospects.
The Real Impact of Improved Access to Finance: Evidence from Mexico
Authors: BRUHN MIRIAM , LOVE INESSA 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides new evidence on the impact of access to finance on poverty. It highlights an important channel through which access affects poverty—the labor market. The paper exploits the opening of Banco Azteca in Mexico, a unique “natural experiment” in which over 800 bank branches opened almost simultaneously in preexisting Elektra stores. Importantly, the bank has focused on previously underserved low‐income clients. Our key finding is a sizeable effect of access to finance on labor market activity and income levels, especially among low‐income individuals and those located in areas with lower preexisting bank penetration.
Assessment of beta‐cell function in young patients with type 2 diabetes: arginine‐stimulated insulin secretion may reflect beta‐cell reserve
Authors: Sjöstrand M. , Carlson K. , Arnqvist H. J. , Gudbjörnsdottir S. , Landin‐Olsson M. , Lindmark S. , Nyström L. , Svensson M. K. , Eriksson J. W. , Bolinder J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveSimple methods for the evaluation of dynamic β‐cell function in epidemiological and clinical studies of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic beta‐cell function in young patients with T2D with different disease durations and treatments.MethodsOverall, 54 subjects with T2D from the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) and 23 healthy control participants were included in this cross‐sectional study. Beta‐cell function was assessed by intravenous (i.v.) administration of arginine followed by i.v. glucose. The acute insulin and C‐peptide responses to arginine (AIRarg and Ac‐pepRarg, respectively) and to glucose (AIRglu and Ac‐pepRglu, respectively) were estimated. Homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐β) and C‐peptide assessments were also used for comparisons between patients with T2D and control participants.ResultsAIRarg and Ac‐pepRarg, but not AIRglu and Ac‐pepRglu, could differentiate between patients with different disease durations. AIRglu values were 89% (P < 0.001) lower and AIRarg values were 29% (P < 0.01) lower in patients with T2D compared with control participants. HOMA‐β and fasting plasma C‐peptide levels did not differ between the T2D and control groups.ConclusionIn young patients with T2D, the insulin secretory response to i.v. glucose is markedly attenuated, whereas i.v. arginine‐stimulated insulin release is better preserved and can distinguish between patients with different disease duration and antidiabetic therapies. This suggests that the i.v. arginine stimulation test may provide an estimate of functional beta‐cell reserve.
The mediating role of affect in the relationship between need satisfaction and autonomous motivation
Authors: Vandercammen Leen , Hofmans Joeri , Theuns Peter 
Published: August 2013

The relationship between need satisfaction and motivation is well established within self‐determination theory (SDT). However, less is known about the affective mechanism that underlies this relationship. In this study, we extend SDT by focusing on the exact role of affect in the need satisfaction–motivation relationship. To this end, we conducted a daily diary study (N = 72) and an experience sampling study (N = 37) in which we tested the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between satisfaction of the autonomy, competence, and relatedness need on the one hand and autonomous motivation on the other hand. Moreover, alternative models were tested. The results of both studies demonstrated that affect did mediate the need satisfaction–intrinsic motivation relationship. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.Practitioner points

Organizations can influence the intrinsic motivation of employees by changing working conditions to fulfil employees' needs.

Organizations can influence intrinsic motivation by changing the appraisals of working conditions.
Increasing Cervical Cancer Screening in the United States‐Mexico Border Region
Authors: Thompson Beti , Vilchis Hugo , Moran Crystal , Copeland Wade , Holte Sarah , Duggan Catherine 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeHispanic women living on the United States‐México border experience health disparities, are less likely to access cervical cancer screening services, and have a higher rate of cervical cancer incidence compared to women living in nonborder areas. Here we investigate the effects of an intervention delivered by community health workers (CHWs, known as lay health educators or Promotores de Salud in Spanish) on rates of cervical cancer screening in Hispanic women who were out of compliance with recommended screening guidelines.MethodsHispanic women out of compliance with screening guidelines, attending clinics in southern New Mexico, were identified using medical record review. All eligible women were offered the intervention. The study was conducted between 2009 and 2011, and data were analyzed in 2012. Setting/participants—162 Hispanic women, resident in New Mexico border counties, aged 29–80 years, who had not had a Pap test within the past 3 years. Intervention—A CHW‐led, culturally appropriate, computerized education intervention. Main outcome measures—The percentage of women who underwent cervical cancer screening within 12 months of receiving the intervention. Change in knowledge of, and attitudes toward cervical cancer and screening as assessed by a baseline and follow‐up questionnaire.Results76.5% of women had a Pap test after the intervention. Women displayed increased knowledge about cervical cancer screening and about HPV.ConclusionsA culturally appropriate promotora‐led intervention is successful in increasing cervical cancer screening in at‐risk Hispanic women on the United States‐México border.
Safety and Efficacy of Epelsiban in the Treatment of Men with Premature Ejaculation: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Fixed-Dose Study
Authors: Shinghal Rajesh , Barnes Allison , Mahar Kelly M. , Stier Brendt , Giancaterino Lisa , Condreay Lynn D. , Black Libby , McCallum Stewart W. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Aim
To assess the efficacy and safety of the selective oxytocin receptor antagonist epelsiban in the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE).

Methods
Double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, stopwatch-monitored, phase 2, multicenter study (GSK557296; NCT01021553) conducted in men (N = 77) 18–55 years of age, with PE defined as per International Society for Sexual Medicine consensus definition. Patients provided informed consent prior to a 4-week un-medicated run-in to determine baseline intravaginal ejaculatory latency times (IELT) recorded in an electronic diary. Patients needed to make a minimum of four intercourse attempts and have a mean IELT &lt;65 seconds to be considered for randomization. Men with moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction were excluded from the study. Eligible patients were randomized to placebo, epelsiban 50 mg, or 150 mg, taken 1 hour before sexual activity. Active treatment IELT times were recorded in an electronic diary, along with subjective measures of intercourse satisfaction, over an 8-week treatment period. The Modified Index of Premature Ejaculation and International Index of Erectile Function were completed at study visits.

Main Outcome Measures
Stopwatch timed IELT recordings and a modified version of the patient-reported outcome questionnaire the IPE were used in this study to determine the effect of epelsiban when taken orally prior to intercourse in subjects diagnosed with PE.

Results
The baseline (mean) IELT for patients pretreatment was (0.52, 0.63, and 0.59 minutes) for placebo, epelsiban 50 mg and 150 mg, respectively. On-treatment, average geometric least squares means of the median IELT values (mean) were slightly higher in the 50 mg and 150 mg groups (0.72 and 0.69 minutes), respectively, vs. the placebo group (0.62 minutes). Headache was the most common adverse event, and rates were similar across all groups.

Conclusions
Epelsiban 50 mg and 150 mg were well tolerated, but did not result in a clinically or statistically significant change in IELT in men with PE, compared with placebo.
Pilot Echographic Study of the Differences in Clitoral Involvement following Clitoral or Vaginal Sexual Stimulation
Authors: Buisson Odile , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women describe at least two types of orgasms: clitoral and vaginal. However, the differences, if any, are a matter of controversy. In order to clarify the functional anatomy of this sexual pleasure, most frequently achieved through clitoral stimulation, we used sonography with the aim of visualizing the movements of the clitorourethrovaginal (CUV) complex both during external, direct stimulation of the clitoris and during vaginal stimulation.

Method
The ultrasounds were performed in three healthy volunteers with the General Electric® Voluson® sonography system (General Electric Healthcare, Vélizy, France), using a 12-MHz flat probe and a vaginal probe. We used functional sonography of the stimulated clitoris either during manual self-stimulation of the external clitoris or during vaginal penetration with a wet tampon.

Main Outcome Measures
Functional and anatomic description, based on bidimensional ultrasounds, of the clitoris and CUV complex, as well as color Doppler signal indicating speed of venous blood flow, during arousal obtained by external or internal stimulation.

Results
The sagittal scans obtained during external stimulation and vaginal penetration demonstrated that the root of the clitoris is not involved with external clitoral stimulation. In contrast, during vaginal stimulation, because of the movements and displacements, the whole CUV complex and the clitoral roots in particular are involved, showing functional differences depending on the type of stimulation. The color signal indicating flow speed in the veins mirrored the anatomical changes.

Conclusions
Despite a common assumption that there is only one type of female orgasm, we may infer, on the basis of our findings, that the different reported perceptions from these two types of stimulation can be explained by the different parts of the clitoris (external and internal) and CUV complex that are involved.
Eradicating hepatitis C virus ameliorates insulin resistance without change in adipose depots
Authors: Milner K‐L. , Jenkins A. B. , Trenell M. , Tid‐Ang J. , Samocha‐Bonet D. , Weltman M. , Xu A. , George J. , Chisholm D. J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryChronic hepatitis C (CHC) is associated with lipid‐related changes and insulin resistance; the latter predicts response to antiviral therapy, liver disease progression and the risk of diabetes. We sought to determine whether insulin sensitivity improves following CHC viral eradication after antiviral therapy and whether this is accompanied by changes in fat depots or adipokine levels. We compared 8 normoglycaemic men with CHC (genotype 1 or 3) before and at least 6 months post viral eradication and 15 hepatitis C antibody negative controls using an intravenous glucose tolerance test and two‐step hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp with [6,6‐2H2] glucose to assess peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy quantified abdominal fat compartments, liver and intramyocellular lipid. Peripheral insulin sensitivity improved (glucose infusion rate during high‐dose insulin increased from 10.1 ± 1.6 to 12 ± 2.1 mg/kg/min/, P = 0.025), with no change in hepatic insulin response following successful viral eradication, without any accompanying change in muscle, liver or abdominal fat depots. There was corresponding improvement in incremental glycaemic response to intravenous glucose (pretreatment: 62.1 ± 8.3 vs post‐treatment: 56.1 ± 8.5 mm, P = 0.008). Insulin sensitivity after viral clearance was comparable to matched controls without CHC. Post therapy, liver enzyme levels decreased but, interestingly, levels of glucagon, fatty acid–binding protein and lipocalin‐2 remained elevated. Eradication of the hepatitis C virus improves insulin sensitivity without alteration in fat depots, adipokine or glucagon levels, consistent with a direct link of the virus with insulin resistance.
How good is controlled attenuation parameter and fatty liver index for assessing liver steatosis in general population: correlation with ultrasound
Authors: Carvalhana Sofia , Leitão Jorge , Alves Ana C. , Bourbon Mafalda , Cortez‐Pinto Helena 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver steatosis measurement by controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a non‐invasive method for diagnosing steatosis, based on transient elastography. Its usefulness as screening procedure for hepatic steatosis in general population has not been previously evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CAP and fatty liver index (FLI) for detection and quantification of steatosis in general population.MethodsRecruitment was done from a prospective epidemiological study of the general adult population. Steatosis was evaluated using CAP, FLI and ultrasound (US). Steatosis scored according to Hamaguchi's US scoring, from 0 (S0) to 6 (S6) points. Hepatic steatosis defined by score ≥2 (S≥2) and moderate/severe steatosis by score ≥4 (S≥4). Performance of CAP and FLI for diagnosing steatosis compared with US was assessed using areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC).ResultsFrom 219 consecutive individuals studied, 13 (5.9%) excluded because of failure/unreliable liver stiffness measurements. Steatosis prevalence: S≥2 38.4% and S≥4 12.1%. CAP significantly correlated with steatosis (ρ = 0.73, P < 0.0001), steatosis score (ρ = 0.76; P < 0.0001), FLI (ρ = 0.69), waist circumference (ρ = 0.62), body mass index (ρ = 0.55), triglyceride (ρ = 0.49), HOMA‐IR (ρ = 0.26), alcohol consumption (ρ = 0.24) and cholesterol (ρ = 0.19), not with liver stiffness measurements. Using CAP and FLI, AUROC's were 0.94 (95% CI 0.91–0.97, P < 0.001) and 0.91 for S≥2; 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–0.99, P < 0.001) and 0.93 for S≥4 respectively. Optimal cut‐off value of CAP and FLI were 243 dB/m and 48 for S≥2; 303.5 dB/m and 62 for S≥4 respectively.ConclusionControlled attenuation parameter and FLI seem promising tools for screening and steatosis quantification in the general population. Larger studies are needed for validation.
Rationality and effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization as an initial treatment for BCLC B stage HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Heng‐jun Gao , Yao‐jun Zhang , Min‐shan Chen , Mei‐xian Chen , Jun‐ting Huang , Li Xu , Lau Wan Y. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is recommended as standard care for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyse the rationality and effectiveness of TACE with BCLC B stage HBV‐related HCC in a large cohort.MethodsA total of 1516 patients with BCLC B stage from 7724 HBV‐related HCCs who received TACE as initial treatment were retrospectively studied. The treatment response was assessed by the mRECIST criteria. The overall survival was calculated with life‐table method and compared with the Mantel‐Cox test. The prognostic factors were assessed using Cox proportional hazards.ResultsThe 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates were 84%, 29% and 19% respectively for all patients. Alpha‐foetoprotein, Child‐Pugh classification, tumour size and number were independent prognostic factors. The 5‐year survival for patients with CR, PR, SD and PD were 39%, 19%, 2% and 0%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Child‐Pugh A liver function (P = 0.002) and smaller tumour (P < 0.0001) were associated with CR/PR response. After TACE, the 5‐year survival rates for patients who received surgical resection, local ablation, repeated TACE and other therapies were 52%, 29%, 12%, 10% respectively (P < 0.0001). In 328 CR patients, the prognosis of 151 patients received surgical resection is better than 177 patients not undergo liver resection (5‐year survival: 52% & 27%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsTransarterial chemoembolization is a safe and efficacious treatment for BCLC B stage HBV‐related HCC. A low AFP level, small tumour, low tumour number and good liver function predicted good survival. Tumour response after initial TACE, an independent prognostic factor of overall survival, was associated with tumour extent and influenced subsequent treatment.
Preliminary Experience with Low‐dose Desmopressin Treatment and Urinary Arginine Vasopressin Concentration as a Response Predictor for Patients with Nocturia with Nocturnal Polyuria
Authors: NATSUME Osamu , HASHIMURA Masaya , MATSUSHITA Chie , TORIMOTO Kazumasa , HIRAYAMA Akihide , FUJIMOTO Kiyohide 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo assess whether urinary arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentrations adjusted for urinary creatinine (Cr) can predict responsiveness to low‐dose desmopressin for nocturia with nocturnal polyuria (NP).MethodsNine NP patients aged 64–84 years with ≥ 2 nocturnal voids received 2.5 µg of intranasal desmopressin for 4 weeks and were evaluated for its effectiveness. Prior to treatment, urinary AVP/Cr concentrations at first morning void and serum sodium and plasma natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations were measured, and all patients underwent 5% hypertonic saline infusion.ResultsSix responders to 2.5 µg desmopressin had average decreases in nocturnal frequency from 3.2 to 1.8 voids nightly and in nocturnal diuresis by 40%, without clinically significant adverse events. Non‐responders remained unaffected even with dose escalation to 5.0 µg desmopressin. For responders, urinary AVP/Cr concentrations were less than 14 pg/mg · Cr, which is lower than in non‐responders. Within a physiological range of plasma osmolality, plasma AVP release in response to 5% hypertonic saline infusion was less in responders than in non‐responders. Blood pressure measurements and BNP concentrations were unchanged.ConclusionsUrinary AVP/Cr at first morning void may have potential clinical value as a predictor for responsiveness to low‐dose desmopressin in nocturia with NP.