bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geomorphological unit hydrograph from a historical‐critical perspective
Authors: Rigon Riccardo , Bancheri Marialaura , Formetta Giuseppe , de Lavenne Alban 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper we present a brief overview of geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) theories and analyze their successful path without hiding their limitations. The history of the GIUH is subdivided into three major sections. The first is based on the milestone works of Rodríguez‐Iturbe and Valdés (Water Resources Research 1979; 15(6): 1409–1420) and Gupta et al. (Water Resources Research 1980; 16(5): 855–862), which recognized that a treatment of water discharges with ‘travel times’ could provide a rich interpretation of the theory of the instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH). We show how this was possible, what assumptions were made, which of these assumptions can be relaxed, and which have become obsolete and been discarded. The second section focuses on the width‐function‐based IUH (WFIUH) approach and its achievements in assessing the interplay of the topology and geometry of the network with water dynamics. The limitations of the WFIUH approach are described, and a way to work around them is suggested. Finally, a new formal approach to estimating the water budget by ‘travel times’, which derives from a suitable use of the water budget equation and some hypotheses, has been introduced and disentangled. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climate–surface–pore‐water interactions on a salt crusted playa: implications for crust pattern and surface roughness development measured using terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Nield Joanna M. , Wiggs Giles F. S. , King James , Bryant Robert G. , Eckardt Frank D. , Thomas David S. G. , Washington Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSodium accumulating playas (also termed sodic or natric playas) are typically covered by polygonal crusts with different pattern characteristics, but little is known about the short‐term (hours) dynamics of these patterns or how pore water may respond to or drive changing salt crust patterning and surface roughness. It is important to understand these interactions because playa‐crust surface pore‐water and roughness both influence wind erosion and dust emission through controlling erodibility and erosivity. Here we present the first high resolution (10−3 m; hours) co‐located measurements of changing moisture and salt crust topography using terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and infra‐red imagery for Sua Pan, Botswana. Maximum nocturnal moisture pattern change was found on the crests of ridged surfaces during periods of low temperature and high relative humidity. These peaks experienced non‐elastic expansion overnight, of up to 30 mm and up to an average of 1.5 mm/night during the 39 day measurement period. Continuous crusts however showed little nocturnal change in moisture or elevation. The dynamic nature of salt crusts and the complex feedback patterns identified emphasize how processes both above and below the surface may govern the response of playa surfaces to microclimate diurnal cycles. © 2015 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Flow recession as a driver of the morpho‐texture of braided streams
Authors: Storz‐Peretz Yael , Laronne Jonathan B. , Surian Nicola , Lucía Ana 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBraiding has been widely studied in humid‐temperate climates though rarely in arid environments. Morpho‐texture of braided streams refers to the morphological‐textural organization in a braid‐cell (stream section including bars, anabranches and chutes) that may strongly relate to different processes and hydrological regimes. The objective of this study is to compare the morpho‐texture of braided streams governed by diverse flow recessions in different climates.Measurements were conducted in the wadis Ze'elim and Rahaf, southeast hyper‐arid Israel, in the Mediterranean Barranca‐de‐los‐Pinos, central Spain and in humid‐temperate braided systems, the La‐Bléone River, Haute‐Provence, France and in the Saisera and Cimoliana torrents, northeast Italy. Terrestrial laser scanning was used to produce point clouds and high resolution digital elevation models of the braid‐cells. Wet braid‐cells in humid‐temperate environments were surveyed by a Total Station. Roughness and the upper tail of grain size distributions were derived from the scanned point clouds or from Wolman sampling.We found that anabranches are commonly finer‐grained than the bars in dryland systems and in semi‐arid sandy braided systems, contrary to the humid‐temperate braided systems. In both climates, chutes are similar or coarser‐grained than the bars which they dissect, in accordance with their steeper gradients due to the considerable bar‐anabranch relief. The Saisera's morpho‐texture is similar to that of the dryland braided channels, despite the very humid‐temperate environment in which it is located, due to its short‐lived, ephemeral type hydrograph.Hydrograph shape, specifically the duration of flow recession, typical of a climate but not confined to it, determines the morpho‐texture of braided streams and the textural differentiation between a depositional bar and the adjacent anabranches. The morpho‐texture of chutes and bars results also from local erosional processes affected by local topography, i.e. ungraded longitudinal profiles, and is not solely determined by flow recession. This new morpho‐textural model enables identifying primary depositional and erosional braiding processes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CKMT1 and NCOA1 expression as a predictor of clinical outcome in patients with advanced‐stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pavón Miguel Angel , Parreño Matilde , Téllez–Gabriel Marta , León Xavier , Arroyo–Solera Irene , López Montserrat , Céspedes Maria Virtudes , Casanova Isolda , Gallardo Alberto , López–Pousa Antonio , Mangues Maria Antonia , Quer Miquel , Barnadas Agustí , Mangues Ramón 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe studied the association between the expression of a subset of previously identified genes and clinical outcome in patients with head and neck cancer.MethodsWe analyzed by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) the expression of 89 genes in tumor biopsies from stage III to IVa/b chemotherapy treated patients (n = 46). Two additional cohorts analyzed by RNAseq (The Cancer Genome Atlas [TCGA] project; n = 371) or immunohistochemistry (IHC; n = 73) were used to validate results.ResultsThirty genes were associated with local‐recurrence or progression‐free survival. The best multi‐gene decision‐tree model to predict local recurrence included nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) and serum‐amyloid A2 (SAA2) expression, whereas the best model to predict disease recurrence included creatine kinase mitochondrial 1 (CKMT1) and metal‐regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1). Both models were associated with cancer‐specific survival. Results were confirmed analyzing the RNAseq data included in the TCGA project. CKMT1 and NCOA1 were identified as independent risk factors for survival in an independent cohort analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ConclusionCKMT1 and NCOA1 expression has prognostic significance in advanced‐stage head and neck carcinoma. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1392–E1403, 2016
Modifying alginate with early embryonic extracellular matrix, laminin, and hyaluronic acid for adipose tissue engineering
Authors: Chen Yo‐Shen , Chen Yen‐Yu , Hsueh Yu‐Sheng , Tai Hao‐Chih , Lin Feng‐Huei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractExtracellular matrix provides both mechanistic and chemical cues that can influence cellular behaviors such as adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, a new material, HA‐L‐Alg, was synthesized by linking developmentally essential ECM constituents hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin(L) to alginate (Alg). The fabrication of HA‐L‐Alg was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, and it was used to form 3D cell‐carrying beads. HA‐L‐Alg beads had a steady rate of degradation and retained 63.25% of mass after 9 weeks. HA‐L‐Alg beads showed biocompatibility comparable to beads formed by Alg‐only with no obvious cytotoxic effect on the embedded 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. HA‐L‐Alg encapsulated 3T3‐L1 cells were found to have a higher proliferation rate over those in Alg‐only beads. These cells also showed better differentiation capacity after 2 weeks of adipogenic induction within HA‐L‐Alg beads. These results support that HA‐L‐Alg facilitated cell survival and proliferation, as well as stimulated and maintained cell differentiation. Our results suggest that HA‐L‐Alg has a great clinical potential to be used as stem cell carrier for adipose tissue engineering. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 669–677, 2016.
Detection and Characterization of the Effect of AB‐FUBINACA and Its Metabolites in a Rat Model
Authors: Hsin‐Hung Chen Michael , Dip Aybike , Ahmed Mostafa , Tan Michael L. , Walterscheid Jeffrey P. , Sun Hua , Teng Ba‐Bie , Mozayani Ashraf 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTSynthetic cannabinoids were originally developed by academic and pharmaceutical laboratories with the hope of providing therapeutic relief from the pain of inflammatory and degenerative diseases. However, recreational drug enthusiasts have flushed the market with new strains of these potent drugs that evade detection yet endanger public health and safety. Although many of these drug derivatives were published in the medical literature, others were merely patented without further characterization. AB‐FUBINACA is an example of one of the new indazole‐carboxamide synthetic cannabinoids introduced in the past year. Even though AB‐FUBINACA has become increasingly prominent in forensic drug and toxicology specimens analyses, little is known about the pharmacology of this substance. To study its metabolic fate, we utilized Wistar rats to study the oxidative products of AB‐FUBINACA in urine and its effect on gene expressions in liver and heart. Rats were injected with 5 mg/kg of AB‐FUBINACA each day for 5 days. Urine samples were collected every day at the same time. On day 5 after treatment, we collected the organs such as liver and heart. The urine samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry, which revealed several putative metabolites and positioning of the hydroxyl addition on the molecule. We used quantitative PCR gene expression array to analyze the hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity on these rats and confirmed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR. We identified three genes significantly associated with dysfunction of oxidation and inflammation. Our study reports in vivo metabolites of AB‐FUBINACA in urine and its effect on the gene expressions in liver and heart. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1033–1043, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals. Inc.
Gene Network Analysis of Metallo Beta Lactamase Family Proteins Indicates the Role of Gene Partners in Antibiotic Resistance and Reveals Important Drug Targets
Authors: Parimelzaghan Anitha , Anbarasu Anand , Ramaiah Sudha 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMetallo Beta (β) Lactamases (MBL) are metal dependent bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze the β‐lactam antibiotics. In recent years, MBL have received considerable attention because it inactivates most of the β‐lactam antibiotics. Increase in dissemination of MBL encoding antibiotic resistance genes in pathogenic bacteria often results in unsuccessful treatments. Gene interaction network of MBL provides a complete understanding on the molecular basis of MBL mediated antibiotic resistance. In our present study, we have constructed the MBL network of 37 proteins with 751 functional partners from pathogenic bacterial spp. We found 12 highly interconnecting clusters. Among the 37 MBL proteins considered in the present study, 22 MBL proteins are from B3 subclass, 14 are from B1 subclass and only one is from B2 subclass. Global topological parameters are used to calculate and compare the probability of interactions in MBL proteins. Our results indicate that the proteins associated within the network have a strong influence in antibiotic resistance mechanism. Interestingly, several drug targets are identified from the constructed network. We believe that our results would be helpful for researchers exploring MBL‐mediated antibiotic resistant mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1330–1339, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Synthesis of Glycoside Fatty Acid Esters and Their Antibacterial Structure‐activity Relationship against Bacterial Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella Agona
Authors: Lou Xin , Cassidy Seamas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFatty acid esters of glycosides and glucopyranosiduronides were regioselectively synthesized with tin‐mediated method using dibutyltin dimethoxide as the stannylating agent, these novel esters were investigated for their antibacterial activities against bacterial Staphylococcus Aureus and Salmonella Agona, the essential structural feature as antibacterial agents was probed. Antimicrobial tests showed that some laurates of trans‐ol glycosides are effective inhibitors against S. Aureus, while some laurates and myristates of cis‐ol glycosides are moderate inhibitors against both S. Aureus and S. Agona. Studies on antimicrobial structure‐activity relationship of sugar fatty acid esters showed that both the carbohydrate moiety and the length of fatty acid played a vital role on the antibacterial effect.
MAP3K11/GDF15 axis is a critical driver of cancer cachexia
Authors: Lerner Lorena , Tao Julie , Liu Qing , Nicoletti Richard , Feng Bin , Krieger Brian , Mazsa Elizabeth , Siddiquee Zakir , Wang Ruoji , Huang Lucia , Shen Luhua , Lin Jie , Vigano Antonio , Chiu M. Isabel , Weng Zhigang , Winston William , Weiler Solly , Gyuris Jeno 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundCancer associated cachexia affects the majority of cancer patients during the course of the disease and thought to be directly responsible for about a quarter of all cancer deaths. Current evidence suggests that a pro‐inflammatory state may be associated with this syndrome although the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of cachexia are poorly understood. The purpose of this work was the identification of key drivers of cancer cachexia that could provide a potential point of intervention for the treatment and/or prevention of this syndrome.MethodsGenetically engineered and xenograft tumour models were used to dissect the molecular mechanisms driving cancer cachexia. Cytokine profiling from the plasma of cachectic and non‐cachectic cancer patients and mouse models was utilized to correlate circulating cytokine levels with the cachexia phenotype.ResultsUtilizing engineered tumour models we identified MAP3K11/GDF15 pathway activation as a potent inducer of cancer cachexia. Increased expression and high circulating levels of GDF15 acted as a key mediator of this process. In animal models, tumour‐produced GDF15 was sufficient to trigger the cachexia phenotype. Elevated GDF15 circulating levels correlated with the onset and progression of cachexia in animal models and in patients with cancer. Inhibition of GDF15 biological activity with a specific antibody reversed body weight loss and restored muscle and fat tissue mass in several cachectic animal models regardless of their complex secreted cytokine profile.ConclusionsThe combination of correlative observations, gain of function, and loss of function experiments validated GDF15 as a key driver of cancer cachexia and as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment and/or prevention of this syndrome.
Bacterial biofilm on successful and failed orthodontic mini‐implants—a scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Ferreira Nayra Oliveira , Andrucioli Marcela Cristina Damião , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Zanella Eduardo Pereira , Consolaro Alberto , Romano Fábio Lourenço , Matsumoto Mírian Aiko Nakane 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMini‐implants have been extensively used in Orthodontics as temporary bone anchorage devices. However, early failure of mini‐implants due to mobility might occur and the colonization of their surfaces by pathogenic bacteria has been referred to as one of the contributing factors. In this study, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the presence of microorganisms adhered to the surface of mini‐implants that failed due to loss of stability. Twelve self‐drilling titanium mini‐implants (1.6 mm diameter × 9.0 mm long) were collected from 12 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment—7 successful and 5 failed mini‐implants. The mean time of permanence in the mouth was 15.8 and 2.4 months for successful and failed mini‐implants, respectively. The devices were placed in the maxilla and/or mandible and removed by the same surgeon and were processed for SEM analysis of the presence of microorganisms on their surfaces (head, transmucosal profile, and body). Extensive bacterial colonization on mini‐implant head and transmucosal profile was observed in all successful and failed mini‐implants. None of the failed mini‐implants exhibited bacteria on its body and only one mini‐implant belonging to the successful (stable) group exhibited bacteria on its body. The results did not suggest a relationship between failure and presence of bacterial colonies on mini‐implant surfaces. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1112–1116, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper and temperature modify microbial communities, ammonium and sulfate release in soil
Authors: Ferreira Rui , Gaspar Helena , Gonzalez Juan M. , Clara Maria I. , Santana Margarida M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent studies suggest an important role of thermophilic bacterial communities of the Phylum Firmicutes on soil C, N and S cycling, and a positive effect on crop productivity through the production of sulfate (SO
$ _4^{2 - } $) and ammonium (NH
$ _4^+ $), essential plant nutrients. Copper (Cu) is commonly supplemented to soils as a fungicide in phytosanitary treatments although its consequences to the bacterial communities is frequently overlooked. Herein, we report on the influence of temperature and Cu on the microbial communities, namely those of the Phylum Firmicutes, from a soil collected at an olive orchard in S Portugal. Community fingerprints and band identification through sequencing was combined with measurement of SO
$ _4^{2 - } $ and NH
$ _4^+ $ production at different supplemented amounts of Cu and at moderate and high temperatures (30°C and 50°C, respectively). Both temperature and Cu induced changes in these communities, selecting for specific bacteria. Temperature induced the dominance of Brevibacillus, and Cu addition to soil caused a reduction of SO
$ _4^{2 - } $ release by soil bacteria. Ammonium production during bacterial growth at moderate and high temperatures was not affected by Cu addition. A Cu‐tolerant thermophilic isolate, belonging to the Bacillus genus, showed significant inhibition by high Cu concentrations and a reduction of NH
$ _4^+ $ release during growth; genera Brevibacillus and Bacillus have been previously reported as high NH
$ _4^+ $ and SO
$ _4^{2 - } $ producers of the Firmicutes phylum. Results indicate that Cu treatments select specific tolerant bacterial strains which could influence natural soil fertilization in Cu‐treated orchards.
Relationships between the structure of wheat gluten and ACE inhibitory activity of hydrolysate: stepwise multiple linear regression analysis
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Ma Haile , Wang Bei , Qu Wenjuan , Wali Asif , Zhou Cunshan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDUltrasound pretreatment of wheat gluten (WG) before enzymolysis can improve the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates by alerting the structure of substrate proteins. Establishment of a relationship between the structure of WG and ACE inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates to judge the end point of the ultrasonic pretreatment is vital.RESULTSThe results of stepwise multiple linear regression (MLR) showed that the contents of free sulfhydryl, α‐helix, disulfide bond, surface hydrophobicity and random coil were significantly correlated to ACE Inhibitory activity of the hydrolysate, with the standard partial regression coefficients were 3.729, −0.676, −0.252, 0.022 and 0.156, respectively. The R2 of this model was 0.970. External validation showed that the stepwise MLR model could well predict the ACE inhibitory activity of hydrolysate based on the content of free sulfhydryl, α‐helix, disulfide bond, surface hydrophobicity and random coil of WG before hydrolysis.CONCLUSIONA stepwise multiple linear regression model describing the quantitative relationships between the structure of WG and the ACE Inhibitory activity of the hydrolysates was established. This model can be used to predict the endpoint of the ultrasonic pretreatment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Physico‐chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil enzymatically interesterified with palm stearin and palm kernel oil and its potential application in food
Authors: Dollah Sarafhana , Abdulkarim Sabo Mohammed , Ahmad Siti Hajar , Khoramnia Anahita , Mohd Ghazali Hasanah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh oleic acid Moringa oleifera seed oil (MoO) has been rarely applied in food products due to the low melting point and lack of plasticity. Enzymatic interesterification (EIE) of MoO with palm stearin (PS) and palm kernel oil (PKO) could yield harder fat stocks that may impart desirable nutritional and physical properties.RESULTSBlends of MoO and PS or PKO were examined for triacylglycerol (TAG) composition, thermal properties and solid fat content (SFC). EIE caused rearrangement of TAGs, reduction of U3 and increase of U2S in MoO/PS blends while reduction of U3 and S3 following increase of S2U and U2S in MoO/PKO blends (U, unsaturated and S, saturated fatty acids). SFC measurements revealed a wide range of plasticity, enhancements of spreadability, mouthfeel and cooling effect for interesterified MoO/PS, indicating the possible application of these blends in margarines. However, interesterified MoO/PKO was not suitable in margarine application, while ice‐cream may be formulated from these blends. A soft margarine formulated from MoO/PS 70:30 revealed high oxidative stability during 8 weeks storage with no significant changes in peroxide and p‐anisidine values.CONCLUSIONEIE of fats with MoO allowed nutritional and oxidative stable plastic fats to be obtained, suitable for possible use in industrial food applications. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Mesh objective continuum damage models for ductile fracture
Authors: Larsson Ragnar , Razanica Senad , Josefson B. Lennart 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDuring machining processes, the work piece material is subjected to high deformation rates, increased temperature, large plastic deformations, damage evolution and fracture. In this context the Johnson‐Cook failure model is often used even though it exhibits pathological mesh size dependence. To remove the mesh size sensitivity, a set of mesh objective damage models is proposed based on a local continuum damage formulation combined with the concept of a scalar damage phase field. The first model represents a mesh objective augmentation of the well‐established element removal model, whereas the second one degrades the continuum stress in a smooth fashion. Plane strain plate and hat specimens are used in the finite element simulations, with the restriction to the temperature and rate independent cases. To investigate the influence of mesh distortion, a structured and an unstructured meshes were used for the respective specimen. For structured meshes, the results clearly show that the pathological mesh size sensitivity is removed for both models. When considering unstructured meshes, the mesh size sensitivity is more complex as revealed by the considered hat‐specimen shear test. Nevertheless, the present work indicates that the proposed models can predict realistic ductile failure behaviors in a mesh objective fashion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.