bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic Decision Making for the Triple Bottom Line
Authors: McWilliams Abagail , Parhankangas Annaleena , Coupet Jason , Welch Eric , Barnum Darold T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a mandate for strategic managers and is often an important element of a differentiation strategy, but there is little research on how managers can make socially responsible decisions within the context of competitive strategy. In this study we explain how data envelopment analysis (DEA) results can be used to determine the trade‐offs inherent in managing the triple bottom line of profits, people and the planet. Once the trade‐offs are well understood, managers can implement sustainable competitive strategies that incorporate socially responsible decisions. Using public data from the electric power generation industry, we demonstrate how DEA can be utilized to determine the trade‐offs between efficiency, costs and pollution reduction, allowing managers to make and champion socially responsible decisions. We discuss the general applicability of our method for making strategic decisions incorporating the triple bottom line. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Coal Pyrolysis in a Laboratory‐Scale Two‐Stage Reactor: Catalytic Upgrading of Pyrolytic Vapors
Authors: Gong Xiaomin , Wang Ze , Li Songgeng , Song Wenli , Lin Weigang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn situ upgrading of coal pyrolysis vapors over Ce/Zr/Ni and Ce/Zr/Ni/Zn catalysts was studied in a two‐stage reactor. The catalytic effects of Ce/Zr/Ni and Ce/Zr/Ni/Zn on the pyrolysis products were examined, revealing that CO2, CO, and H2 were dramatically increased and pyrolytic water was decreased when using these catalysts. The tar collected in the cooling traps showed a slight increase after catalysis. Compared to the no‐catalyst condition, heterocyclic compounds and multicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the tar were significantly reduced, and benzene derivatives and aliphatics were increased. The molar ratio of H/C in tar was analyzed to further evaluate the tar quality. Possible reaction routes are proposed.
Preparation, Sedimentation, and Agglomeration of Nanofluids
Authors: Ilyas Suhaib Umer , Pendyala Rajashekhar , Marneni Narahari 
Published: October 2014

AbstractResearch on nanofluids has increased significantly in the last decade due to the distinctive potential in many applications such as enhanced heat transfer processes, drug delivery systems, and membrane manufacturing processes. The study of dispersion behavior of nanoparticles in liquids is a topic of keen interest towards the preparation of stable nanofluids. A comprehensive review on the recent progress in preparation and stability of nanofluids is presented. Settling of nanoparticles is the only predicament towards preparation of stable nanofluids which takes place due to formation of agglomerates. The settling behavior of nanoparticles in nanofluids and techniques to stop agglomeration are described. Nanofluid preparation techniques, assessment method of stability, and methods to reduce agglomeration are discussed.
Oceanic forces and their impact on the performance of mobile underwater acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Mandal Amit Kumar , Misra Sudip , Ojha Tamoghna , Dash Mihir Kumar , Obaidat Mohammad S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper focuses on the performance analysis of Underwater Wireless Acoustic Sensor Networks (UWASNs) with passively mobile sensor nodes moving because of the influence of major oceanic forces. In an UWASN, passive node mobility is inevitable. Therefore, the performance analysis of UWASNs renders meaningful insights with the inclusion of a mobility model, which represents realistic oceanic scenarios. In this regard, the existing works on performance analysis of UWASNs lack the consideration of major dominating forces, which offer impetus for a node's mobility. Additionally, the existing works are limited to only shallow depths and coastal areas. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a physical mobility model, named Oceanic Forces Mobility Model, by incorporating important realistic oceanic forces imparted on nodes. The proposed model considers the effects of node mobility in 3‐D space of water. We also present an analysis on the impact of node mobility on the performance of UWASNs in terms of network dispersion and localization. Simulation results indicate performance degradation of UWASNs in the presence of oceanic forces—localization coverage decreases by 36.70%, localization error increases nearly by 21.14%, and average energy consumption increases by 3% approximately. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotion dysregulation and anorexia nervosa: An exploration of the role of childhood abuse
Authors: Racine Sarah E. , Wildes Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTheoretical models of emotion regulation difficulties in anorexia nervosa (AN) specify a role for factors that predispose to or precipitate emotion dysregulation. The current study considered whether childhood abuse (i.e., emotional, sexual, physical) might be related to emotion regulation difficulties and eating disorder symptom severity in patients with AN. Childhood abuse was hypothesized to relate to AN symptoms indirectly via emotion dysregulation.MethodParticipants were 188 patients with AN presenting to an intensive treatment facility. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Eating Disorder Examination were used to assess childhood abuse, emotion dysregulation, and AN symptom severity, respectively.ResultsOf the three forms of childhood abuse, reports of emotional abuse were most strongly related to emotion regulation difficulties and AN symptom severity. Mediation analyses revealed that emotion dysregulation significantly explained the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and AN symptomatology, and mediation effects did not differ by AN subtype (i.e., restricting vs. binge‐eating/purging).DiscussionFindings provide initial support for a model in which childhood emotional abuse precipitates emotion dysregulation and the development of AN. Future studies with longitudinal designs and control groups are necessary to examine the direction and specificity of these cross‐sectional associations © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:55–58)
A Robust and Efficient Catalyst Possessing an Electron‐Deficient Ligand for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Jakab Alexandra , Dalicsek Zoltán , Soós Tibor 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe exploration of the direct arylation capacity of a unique, thermally stable, and air‐stable Pd0–phosphine catalyst is reported. Besides decisively contributing to catalyst robustness, the electron‐deficient trifluoromethyl‐substituted triphenylphosphine ligands make the palladium center more electron‐deficient and accelerate the direct arylation step. The combination of only 0.5–2 mol‐% of the catalyst and a substoichiometric quantity of pivalic acid generates an efficient system to promote biaryl‐forming reactions of a broad range of electronically varied hetarenes and aryl bromides. The observed regioselective arylations suggest that a concerted metalation–deprotonation pathway is involved in the C–H activation step.
Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Coumarins with Benzylic Csp3–H Bonds
Authors: Zhou Shi‐Liu , Guo Li‐Na , Duan Xin‐Hua 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA new copper‐catalyzed regioselective cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of coumarins with benzylic Csp3–H bonds has been developed. This reaction provides direct access to a wide range of 3‐benzylcoumarins in moderate to good yields. The protocol was also extended successfully to other heterocyclic compounds, such as quinolinones.
Adsorptive Transfer Stripping for Quick Electrochemical Determination of microRNAs in Total RNA Samples
Authors: Bartosik M. , Hrstka R. , Palecek E. , Vojtesek B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractElectrochemical methods hold promise for fast and inexpensive determination of cancer biomarkers, including microRNAs playing an important role in regulation of gene expression. We developed a simple assay utilizing (i) microRNA labeling with osmium(VI) complexes, (ii) hybridization of microRNA with magnetic bead‐immobilized capture probe, and (iii) adsorptive transfer stripping (AdTS) technique in which working electrode is dipped into a microliter‐sized drop for direct adsorption of microRNA. Increased sensitivity and decreased sample consumption was achieved, and nanogram quantities of microRNA present in 500‐fold excess of total RNA were determined. Our results indicate only negligible interference during hybridization from other RNA molecules.
Synergistic Hydrogen‐Donating Ability of Petroleum Distillates and Hydrogen During Noncatalytic Thermal Processing
Authors: Ji Shunfeng , Zhou Ying , Chen Kun , Wang Zongxian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAnthracene (ANT) was used as a chemical probe to determine the hydrogen donating ability (HDA) of H2, Venezuela distillates, and the mixture of the two (H2+distillates) at a range of temperatures, and the synergistic HDA between H2 and distillates was measured to analyze the reaction path and activation possibilities of hydrogen. Results show that all of the HDAs determined increase as the temperature increases. The HDA of H2 is much higher than that of the distillates at the same conditions. Moreover, the HDA of the H2+distillates mixture is higher than the summation of the corresponding HDAs of the hydrogen and distillates separately. The additional activity may be caused by synergistic effects between the H2 and oil. The synergy promotes the activation of hydrogen molecules presented as some particular characteristics of the oils, such as the impact of active radicals from the oils, the utilization of a “hydrogen shuttle” from the oil fractions, and possibly activation capacity of hydrogen sulfide.
Seismic reliability analysis of buildings with torsional eccentricities
Authors: Picazo Yasser , Diaz Lopez Orlando , Esteva Luis 
Published: October 2014

SummaryA study is presented of the influence of stiffness and strength eccentricities on the inelastic torsional response of buildings under the action of two simultaneous orthogonal horizontal ground motion components. Asymmetric buildings were obtained from their respective symmetric systems and were characterized by their stiffness and strength torsional eccentricities in both orthogonal directions. Based on the results of inelastic response of both building types (symmetric and asymmetric), the seismic reliability functions are determined for each system, and their forms of variation with different global system parameters are evaluated. Illustrative examples are presented about the use of this information for the formulation of seismic design criteria for in‐plan asymmetric multistory systems, in order to attain the same reliability levels implicit for symmetric systems designed in accordance with current seismic design codes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimisation of cooperative spectrum sensing for cognitive radio networks in the presence of smart primary user emulation attack
Authors: Saber Mohammad Javad , Sajad Sadough Seyed Mohammad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCooperative spectrum sensing, which is an effective method to improve the detection performance in cognitive radio (CR), imposes some threats to the network. One of these common threats is primary user emulation attack, where some malicious users try to mimic the primary signal and deceive secondary users to prevent them from accessing the vacant frequency. Here, we propose a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for CR network in the presence of smart primary user emulation attack with spectrum sensing capability. More precisely, we optimise main parameters involved in cooperative energy detection spectrum sensing, such as the voting rule, the number of samples used for making the decision and the detection threshold so as to minimise the probability of error when energy detection is corrupted by malicious user's attack. Simulation results indicate performance improvement brought by our proposed method compared with conventional defense techniques in the presence of attacker. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamic coalition formation framework for interference management in dense small‐cell networks
Authors: Ahmed Manzoor , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Biling , Sun Chengdan , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Rehman Waheed ur , Sun Yaohua , Yan Shi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn response to the drastic increase in the traffic loads being served by existing cellular wireless networks, small cells are envisioned as a promising solution to extend the coverage and offload the traffic from the overburdened macrocells. However, the interference management amongst densely deployed small cells remains a technical challenge. In this paper, a neighbourhood cooperation‐based interference mitigation scheme is proposed. By forming coalitions, the transmissions of small‐cell base stations (SBSs) within the coalition are coordinated, and the co‐tier interference amongst them is thus suppressed. Considering the facts that SBSs are selfish and rational, the cooperative behaviour of the neighbourhood SBSs is formulated as a coalition game in partition form. To achieve a final stable coalition structure, the concept of recursive core is first introduced. Then a simple distributed merge‐only algorithm is proposed, and its performance, in terms of stability, convergence and complexity, is theoretically analysed. The dynamic process of the coalition formation is further investigated. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the individual throughput of SBS by 5.6% and 27.3%, respectively, when compared with the classical and non‐cooperative cases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Properties of 5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(4′‐trimethylsilylphenyl)chlorin
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Saito Yuta , Yoshimura Kimio , Horiuchi Hiroaki , Hiratsuka Hiroshi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(4′‐trimethylsilylphenyl)chlorin (2) was synthesized by the reduction of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4′‐trimethylsilylphenyl)porphyrin (1) with p‐toluenesulfonyl hydrazide. The structure of 2 was analyzed by spectroscopic data and X‐ray crystallography. In the UV−vis spectrum, the Soret and Q bands of 2 show slight bathochromic shifts compared with those of 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylchlorin (TPC) and have slightly larger molecular extinction coefficients than those of TPC.
Spektroskopie trifft Elektrochemie
Authors: Weißer Fritz , Deibel Naina , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTraditionell gewinnt die Spektroelektrochemie Einblicke in die elektronische Struktur und die Redoxzustände von Verbindungen. Neue Techniken klären die Mechanismen katalytischer Reaktionen auf und helfen, die Aktivierungsprozesse kleiner Moleküle zu verstehen.
Mit Open Source auswerten
Authors: Klingberg Andreas , Wenig Philip 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Software Openchrom akzeptiert Datenformate aus Chromatographen und Massenspektrometern. Damit lassen sich Daten einlesen, bearbeiten, visualisieren und in ein Format überführen, das auch andere Programme lesen können. Die Software ist quelloffen und an weitere Spektrendaten anpassbar.
An integrated model with classification criteria to predict small‐for‐gestational‐age fetuses at risk of adverse perinatal outcome
Authors: Figueras F. , Savchev S. , Triunfo S. , Crovetto F. , Gratacos E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an integrated model with the best performing criteria for predicting adverse outcome in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) pregnancies.MethodsA cohort of 509 pregnancies with a suspected SGA fetus, eligible for trial of labor, was recruited prospectively and data on perinatal outcome were recorded. A predictive model for emergency Cesarean delivery because of non‐reassuring fetal status or neonatal acidosis was constructed using a decision tree analysis algorithm, with predictors: maternal age, body mass index, smoking, nulliparity, gestational age at delivery, onset of labor (induced vs spontaneous), estimated fetal weight (EFW), umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI), mean uterine artery (UtA) PI, fetal middle cerebral artery PI and cerebroplacental ratio (CPR).ResultsAn adverse outcome occurred in 134 (26.3%) cases. The best performing predictors for defining a high risk for adverse outcome in SGA fetuses was the presence of a CPR < 10th centile, a mean UtA‐PI > 95th centile or an EFW < 3rd centile. The algorithm showed a sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values for adverse outcome of 82.8% (95% CI, 75.1–88.6%), 47.7% (95% CI, 42.6–52.9%), 36.2% (95% CI, 30.8–41.8%) and 88.6% (95% CI, 83.2–92.5%), respectively. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 1.58 and 0.36.ConclusionsOur model could be used as a diagnostic tool for discriminating SGA pregnancies at risk of adverse perinatal outcome. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Small RNAs with big implications: new insights into H/ACA snoRNA function and their role in human disease
Authors: McMahon Mary , Contreras Adrian , Ruggero Davide 
Published: October 2014

A myriad of structurally and functionally diverse noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently been implicated in numerous human diseases including cancer. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), the most abundant group of intron‐encoded ncRNAs, are classified into two families (box C/D snoRNAs and box H/ACA snoRNAs) and are required for post‐transcriptional modifications on ribosomal RNA (rRNA). There is now a growing appreciation that nucleotide modifications on rRNA may impart regulatory potential to the ribosome; however, the functional consequence of site‐specific snoRNA‐guided modifications remains poorly defined. Discovered almost 20 years ago, H/ACA snoRNAs are required for the conversion of specific uridine residues to pseudouridine on rRNA. Interestingly, recent reports indicate that the levels of subsets of H/ACA snoRNAs required for pseudouridine modifications at specific sites on rRNA are altered in several diseases, particularly cancer. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the downstream consequences of H/ACA snoRNA‐guided modifications on ribosome function, discuss the possible mechanism by which H/ACA snoRNAs may be regulated, and explore prospective expanding functions of H/ACA snoRNAs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential biological implications of alterations in H/ACA snoRNA expression in several human diseases. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:173–189. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1266This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy and ROC Curves with Covariate Adjusted Semiparametric Mixtures
Authors: Doebler Philipp , Holling Heinz 
Published: October 2014

Many screening tests dichotomize a measurement to classify subjects. Typically a cut-off value is chosen in a way that allows identification of an acceptable number of cases relative to a reference procedure, but does not produce too many false positives at the same time. Thus for the same sample many pairs of sensitivities and false positive rates result as the cut-off is varied. The curve of these points is called the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. One goal of diagnostic meta-analysis is to integrate ROC curves and arrive at a summary ROC (SROC) curve. Holling, Böhning, and Böhning (Psychometrika 77:106–126, 2012a) demonstrated that finite semiparametric mixtures can describe the heterogeneity in a sample of Lehmann ROC curves well; this approach leads to clusters of SROC curves of a particular shape. We extend this work with the help of the tα\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$t_{\alpha }$$\end{document} transformation, a flexible family of transformations for proportions. A collection of SROC curves is constructed that approximately contains the Lehmann family but in addition allows the modeling of shapes beyond the Lehmann ROC curves. We introduce two rationales for determining the shape from the data. Using the fact that each curve corresponds to a natural univariate measure of diagnostic accuracy, we show how covariate adjusted mixtures lead to a meta-regression on SROC curves. Three worked examples illustrate the method.
Antioxidant Capacity of Rapeseed Extracts Obtained by Conventional and Ultrasound‐Assisted Extraction
Authors: Szydłowska‐Czerniak Aleksandra , Tułodziecka Agnieszka 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUltrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and conventional solid–liquid extraction were applied to extract total antioxidants from two rapeseed varieties. The antioxidant capacities (AC) of winter and spring rapeseed cultivars were determined by four different analytical methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS). The average AC of the studied rapeseed cultivars ranged between 4.21–10.03 mmol Trolox (TE)/100 g, 7.82–10.61 mmol TE/100 g, 8.11–51.59 mmol TE/100 g, 22.48–43.13 mmol TE/100 g for FRAP, CUPRAC, DPPH and ABTS methods, respectively. There are positive correlations between total phenolics (TPC = 804–1625 mg sinapic acid (SA)/100 g) and AC of the studied rapeseed extracts (r = 0.2650–0.9931). Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) indicate that there are differences between the total amounts of antioxidants in rapeseed samples extracted by different extraction techniques. Rapeseed extracts obtained after 18 min of ultrasonication revealed the highest content of total antioxidants. The UAE is a very useful, efficient and rapid technique of oilseed samples preparation for determination of AC by different analytical methods.
Statin-associated Autoimmune Myopathies: A Pathophysiologic Spectrum
Authors: Wu Yufan , Lach Boleslaw , Provias John P. , Tarnopolsky Mark A. , Baker Steven K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundStatins have recently been reported to cause a rare autoimmune inflammatory and/or necrotic myopathy that begins or persists after drug cessation.MethodsWe report on 26 patients seen at a neuromuscular centre between 2005 and 2011 who demonstrated muscle weakness/myalgias and creatine kinase elevations during or after statin treatment with continuation of signs and symptoms despite statin withdrawal.ResultsAll patients were treated with immunosuppressive therapy with good response; all improved biochemically and 86% improved clinically. Sixty-five percent of patients who attempted to taper off immunosuppressive therapy relapsed. We report on a novel finding whereby five of the seven patients who underwent multiple biopsies throughout their disease demonstrated a transformation of their histological diagnosis, with four progressing from having myofibre necrosis with minimal or no inflammation to a diagnosis of polymyositis.ConclusionsThis study offers preliminary evidence that statin-associated necrotizing myopathy and statin-associated polymyositis may not be separate entities but are part of the same pathophysiological spectrum. Both entities respond well to immunosuppression.