bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA HVS‐I and HVS‐II in Chinese Bai ethnic group
Authors: Chen Feng , Yin Cai‐Yong , Qian Xiao‐Qin , Fan Han‐Ting , Deng Ya‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Dang , Meng Hao‐Tian , Shen Chun‐Mei , Yang Chun‐Hua , Jin Rui , Zhu Bo‐Feng , Xu Peng 
Published: December 2014

For forensic and population genetic purposes, a total of 125 unrelated volunteers’ blood samples were collected from Chinese Bai ethnic minority group to analyze sequence variation of two hypervariable segments (HVS‐I and HVS‐II) in the mitochondrial DNA control region. Comparing the HVS‐I and HVS‐II sequences of the 125 Chinese Bais to the Anderson reference sequence, we found 86 polymorphic loci in HVS‐I and 40 in HVS‐II in mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Chinese Bai ethnic minority group, which defined 93 and 53 different haplotypes, respectively. Haplotype diversity and the mean pairwise differences were 0.992 ± 0.003 and 6.553 in HVS‐I, and 0.877 ± 0.027 and 2.407 in HVS‐II, respectively. We defined four macrohaplogroups R, M, N and D with the proportions ranging from 9.6% to 40.0%. With the analysis of the hypervariable domain from nucleotide 16 180–16 193 in HVS‐I, our study revealed new haplotypes of sequence variations. In addition, the Fst metric, phylogenetic tree, and principal component analysis demonstrated a close genetic relationship between the Bai group and Chinese Han populations from South China, Changsha, and Guangdong. The results support that the Bai group is a multiorigin ethnic minority that has merged with the Chinese Han population.
Effective periods and seismic performance of steel moment resisting frames designed for risk categories I and IV according to IBC2009
Authors: Jeong Seong‐Hoon , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Lee Kwang‐Ho 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn current seismic design, structures that are essential for post‐disaster recovery, and hazardous facilities are classified as risk category IV and are designed with higher importance factors and stringent drift limits. These structures are expected to perform better in an earthquake event because a larger base shear and more stringent drift limit are used. Although this provision has been in the seismic design code over the last three decades, few studies have investigated the performance of essential structures. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of higher importance factors and stringent drift limits on the seismic performance of steel moment resisting frames. A total of 16 steel structures are designed for Los Angeles and Seattle. Different risk categories are used for the design. The effects of the risk categories on the structural periods, and thus on the seismic force demand, are investigated. A suite of inelastic time history analyses are carried out to understand the probability of exceeding a specified limit state when the structures are subjected to different levels of earthquake events. The results show that the periods of the structures in risk category IV decrease by a factor of 0.5 to 0.8, and the strengths increase by a factor of 1.5 to 3.2. Seismic fragility analysis shows that the structures in risk category IV generally satisfy the probabilistic performance objectives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of CuO NPs on reactive oxygen species and cell cycle gene expression in roots of rice
Authors: Wang Shuling , Liu Hanzhu , Zhang Yuxi , Xin Hua 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) on root growth, root reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the expression of 2 genes (OsCDC2 and OsCYCD) associated with root growth of Oryza sativa (rice), rice roots were treated with 5 mg/L CuO NP suspension, 5 mg/L CuO bulk particle suspension, and 0.27 mg/L CuSO4 · 5H2O solution, with distilled water as control. The results indicated that CuO NPs and Cu2+ severely inhibited the elongation and biomass of rice roots after 72-h exposure. Dyeing with 7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein–diacetate (DCFH–DA) showed that in all 3 treatment groups, the fluorescence was primarily located in the meristem zone, demonstrating that the meristem zone was where ROS were primarily generated. In addition, a significant increase in ROS was detected in the meristem zone of roots treated with the CuO NP suspension and the CuSO4 · 5H2O solution, both of which greatly influenced the expression level of OsCDC2 and OsCYCD. The impact of Cu2+ on these 2 genes was smaller than that of CuO NPs. The Cu content in roots of rice after treatment with CuO NPs was much higher than that found after the other treatments, which indicated that CuO NPs may have been absorbed into root tissue. Collectively, these data suggest that growth inhibition, higher ROS production, and gene expression inhibition may be caused not only by the ions themselves, but also the NPs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:554–561. © 2014 SETAC
Lethal and sublethal measures of chronic copper toxicity in the eastern narrowmouth toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis
Authors: Flynn R. Wesley , Scott David E. , Kuhne Wendy , Soteropoulos Diana , Lance Stacey L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Many metals are acutely toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations and for some metals, such as copper (Cu), even low-level chronic contamination may be cause for conservation concern. Amphibian susceptibility to Cu has been examined in only a few species, and susceptibility is highly variable. The lethal and sublethal effects were examined of chronic aqueous Cu exposure on embryonic and larval eastern narrowmouth toads, Gastrophryne carolinensis. Copper levels as low as 10 μg Cu/L reduced embryonic and larval survival. Embryonic survivorship varied within- and between-source populations, with embryos derived from uncontaminated-wetland parents having greater survival at lower Cu levels than embryos from parents from a metal-contaminated constructed wetland. At 30 μg/L, embryos from the contaminated site had greater survival. Overall survival from oviposition to metamorphosis was 68.9% at 0 μg/L and 5.4% at 10 μg/L. Similarly, embryos exposed to ≥50 μg/L demonstrated developmental delays in transition from embryo to free-swimming larva. These results demonstrate a negative population-specific response to environmentally relevant levels of Cu. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:575–582. © 2014 SETAC
Transfer learning and cooperation management: balancing the quality of service and information exchange overhead in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Zhao Qiyang , Grace David , Clarke Tim 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces and studies a novel solution of transfer learning applied to spectrum management in cognitive radio networks in order to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) and convergence performance of conventional full distributed learning. Cooperation management has been investigated to enhance transfer learning as a novel way of reducing the need for control information exchange between distributed cognitive agents while providing the same effective QoS as that achieved in a fully coordinated network. A structured approach is taken to transfer learning, including a source agent selection function defining how the agents exchange learning information, and a target agent training function reinforcing the knowledgebase. It is demonstrated in simulation and analysis that transfer learning achieves a significantly higher QoS and throughput than distributed reinforcement learning. The cooperation management algorithm is shown to effectively reduce the need for information exchange by 90 per cent whilst still providing adequate QoS compared with a fully coordinated network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PV electrical plants fire risk assessment and mitigation according to the Italian national fire services guidelines
Authors: Cancelliere Piergiacomo 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPhotovoltaic (PV) systems design and construction are generally focused on efficiency and reliability, in order to increase the amount of solar energy that can be converted into electrical energy. Therefore, in a PV electrical generation plant, fire risk is not taken into account by technical designers and, furthermore, is not considered by constructors of PV plant installation. This paper shows a procedure to assess and mitigate the fire risk as a result of a PV plant installation located over buildings, according to the Italian National Fire Services Guidelines. Firstly, an introduction to the main faulty modes of PV arrays and modules is reported in order to highlight how the pre‐existing level of fire risk is increased for a building or construction work where a PV electrical generation plant is installed. Hence, the paper explains how the guidelines point out fire risk assessment steps oriented to PV plant installation over buildings. In addition, the guidelines contain some useful fire risk mitigation technical solutions. The guidelines have been developed with safety as their main objective. The PV sector has been presented with certain limitations in roof or façade installations as a result of PV fire ignition characteristics and firefighting suppression techniques. The aim of the guidelines is to provide the solar PV industry with information and technical arrangements to aid the design, construction and installation of solar PV systems meeting the objectives of both solar PV industry and fire safety requirements. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rediscovery of Lichen Genus Psorotheciopsis Rehm for India
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Sinha Gopal Prasad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe genus Psorotheciopsis Rehm recorded by Cunningham from Calcutta in 1879 has been rediscovered for India after a gap of 135 years. The taxonomic characters of Psorotheciopsis patellarioides (Rehm) Rolf Santesson are provided to facilitate the identification of the species. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bayesian Analysis of Asymmetric Stochastic Conditional Duration Model
Authors: Men Zhongxian , Kolkiewicz Adam W. , Wirjanto Tony S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to estimate the parameters and log durations of the correlated or asymmetric stochastic conditional duration models. Following the literature, instead of fitting the models directly, the observation equation of the models is first subjected to a logarithmic transformation. A correlation is then introduced between the transformed innovation and the latent process in an attempt to improve the statistical fits of the models. In order to perform one‐step‐ahead in‐sample and out‐of‐sample duration forecasts, an auxiliary particle filter is used to approximate the filter distributions of the latent states. Simulation studies and application to the IBM transaction dataset illustrate that our proposed estimation methods work well in terms of parameter and log duration estimation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Semi‐Structural Forecasting of UK Inflation Based on the Hybrid New Keynesian Phillips Curve
Authors: Posch Johanna , Rumler Fabio 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe develop a semi‐structural model for forecasting inflation in the UK in which the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) is augmented with a time series model for marginal cost. By combining structural and time series elements we hope to reap the benefits of both approaches, namely the relatively better forecasting performance of time series models in the short run and a theory‐consistent economic interpretation of the forecast coming from the structural model. In our model we consider the hybrid version of the NKPC and use an open‐economy measure of marginal cost. The results suggest that our semi‐structural model performs better than a random‐walk forecast and most of the competing models (conventional time series models and strictly structural models) only in the short run (one quarter ahead) but it is outperformed by some of the competing models at medium and long forecast horizons (four and eight quarters ahead). In addition, the open‐economy specification of our semi‐structural model delivers more accurate forecasts than its closed‐economy alternative at all horizons. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of injected CO2 in a stratified saline reservoir accounting for coupled wellbore‐reservoir flow
Authors: Rasmusson Kristina , Tsang Chin‐Fu , Tsang Yvonne , Rasmusson Maria , Pan Lehua , Fagerlund Fritjof , Bensabat Jacob , Niemi Auli 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGeological storage in sedimentary basins is considered a viable technology in mitigating atmospheric CO2 emissions. Alternating high and low permeability strata are common in these basins. The distribution of injected CO2 among such layers affects e.g. CO2 storage efficiency, capacity and plume footprint. A numerical study on the distribution of injected CO2 into a multi‐layered reservoir, accounting for coupled wellbore‐reservoir flow, was carried out using the T2Well/ECO2N code. A site‐specific case as well as a more general case were considered. Properties and processes governing the distribution of sequestrated CO2 were identified and the potential to operationally modify the distribution was investigated. The distribution of CO2 was seen to differ from that of injected water, i.e. it was not proportional to the transmissivity of the layers. The results indicate that caution should be taken when performing numerical simulations of CO2 injection into layered formations. Ignoring coupled wellbore‐reservoir flow and instead adopting a simple boundary condition at the injection well, such as an inflow rate proportional to the transmissivity of each layer, may result in significant underestimation of the proportion of CO2 ending up in the shallower layers, as not all relevant processes are accounted for. This discrepancy has been thoroughly investigated and quantified for several CO2 sequestration scenarios.
Smoking and the developing brain: Altered white matter microstructure in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls
Authors: van Ewijk Hanneke , Groenman Annabeth P. , Zwiers Marcel P. , Heslenfeld Dirk J. , Faraone Stephen V. , Hartman Catharina A. , Luman Marjolein , Greven Corina U. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Franke Barbara , Buitelaar Jan , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBrain white matter (WM) tracts, playing a vital role in the communication between brain regions, undergo important maturational changes during adolescence and young adulthood, a critical period for the development of nicotine dependence. Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased smoking and widespread WM abnormalities, suggesting that the developing ADHD brain might be especially vulnerable to effects of smoking. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on (WM) microstructure in adolescents and young adults with and without ADHD. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in an extensively phenotyped sample of nonsmokers (n = 95, 50.5% ADHD), irregular smokers (n = 41, 58.5% ADHD), and regular smokers (n = 50, 82.5% ADHD), aged 14–24 years. A whole‐brain voxelwise approach investigated associations of smoking, ADHD and their interaction, with WM microstructure as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Widespread alterations in FA and MD were found for regular smokers compared to irregular and nonsmokers, mainly located in the corpus callosum and WM tracts surrounding the basal ganglia. Several regions overlapped with regions of altered FA for ADHD versus controls, albeit in different directions. Irregular and nonsmokers did not differ, and ADHD and smoking did not interact. Results implicate that smoking and ADHD have independent effects on WM microstructure, and possibly do not share underlying mechanisms. Two mechanisms may play a role in the current results. First, smoking may cause alterations in WM microstructure in the maturing brain. Second, pre‐existing WM microstructure differences possibly reflect a risk factor for development of a smoking addiction. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1180–1189, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional connectivity mapping of regions associated with self‐ and other‐processing
Authors: Murray Ryan J. , Debbané Martin , Fox Peter T. , Bzdok Danilo , Eickhoff Simon B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNeuroscience literature increasingly suggests a conceptual self composed of interacting neural regions, rather than independent local activations, yet such claims have yet to be investigated. We, thus, combined task‐dependent meta‐analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) with task‐independent resting‐state (RS) connectivity analysis to delineate the neural network of the self, across both states. Given psychological evidence implicating the self's interdependence on social information, we also delineated the neural network underlying conceptual other‐processing. To elucidate the relation between the self‐/other‐networks and their function, we mined the MACM metadata to generate a cognitive–behavioral profile for an empirically identified region specific to conceptual self, the pregenual anterior cingulate (pACC), and conceptual other, posterior cingulate/precuneus (PCC/PC). Mining of 7,200 published, task‐dependent, neuroimaging studies, using healthy human subjects, yielded 193 studies activating the self‐related seed and were conjoined with RS connectivity analysis to delineate a differentiated self‐network composed of the pACC (seed) and anterior insula, relative to other functional connectivity. Additionally, 106 studies activating the other‐related seed were conjoined with RS connectivity analysis to delineate a differentiated other‐network of PCC/PC (seed) and angular gyrus/temporoparietal junction, relative to self‐functional connectivity. The self‐network seed related to emotional conflict resolution and motivational processing, whereas the other‐network seed related to socially oriented processing and contextual information integration. Notably, our findings revealed shared RS connectivity between ensuing self‐/other‐networks within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, suggesting self‐updating via integration of self‐relevant social information. We, therefore, present initial neurobiological evidence corroborating the increasing claims of an intricate self‐network, the architecture of which may promote social value processing.Hum Brain Mapp 36:1304–1324, 2015. ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety of contralateral submandibular gland sparing in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancers: A multicenter review
Authors: Robin Tyler P. , Gan Gregory N. , Tam Moses , Westerly David , Riaz Nadeem , Karam Sana D. , Lee Nancy , Raben David 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious groups have shown contralateral submandibular gland sparing to improve xerostomia with safe outcomes, but primarily in early‐stage disease. In this study, we present a large cohort of patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer that underwent contralateral submandibular gland‐sparing radiotherapy, to demonstrate feasibility and safety specifically in patients with locally advanced disease.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients who were treated prospectively with contralateral submandibular gland sparing. Only patients who underwent bilateral neck radiotherapy with contralateral submandibular gland doses <39 Gy were included.ResultsWe identified 71 patients. Approximately 80% of patients had ≥N2b disease. The contralateral submandibular gland mean dose was 33 Gy and, at a median follow‐up of 27.3 months, no patients experienced treatment failure in the contralateral level IB lymph nodes.ConclusionXerostomia remains a significant morbidity despite parotid sparing and can be minimized further by contralateral submandibular gland sparing. These data provide important preliminary evidence that contralateral submandibular gland sparing is feasible and may be safe even in locally advanced cancers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 506–511, 2016
Cost‐effectiveness of transoral robotic surgery versus (chemo)radiotherapy for early T classification oropharyngeal carcinoma: A cost‐utility analysis
Authors: de Almeida John R. , Moskowitz Alan J. , Miles Brett A. , Goldstein David P. , Teng Marita S. , Sikora Andrew G. , Gupta Vishal , Posner Marshall , Genden Eric M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe present study is an economic evaluation comparing transoral robotic surgery (TORS) to (chemo)radiotherapy for the management of early T‐classification oropharyngeal cancer.MethodsA societal perspective was adopted. Treatment for TORS and (chemo)radiotherapy were modeled using decision analysis and recurrences were modeled over a 10 year horizon with a Markov model. Model parameters were derived from systematic review. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to test model robustness.ResultsTORS demonstrated a cost savings of $1366 and an increase of 0.25 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) per case in comparison to (chemo)radiotherapy. TORS was sensitive to variations in adjuvant therapy, costs, utilities, complications, and recurrence rates in deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. In two‐way sensitivity analysis, with increasing adjuvant therapy for TORS and decreasing concurrent chemotherapy for radiotherapy, TORS is decreasingly cost‐effective.ConclusionTORS is cost‐effective for treatment of early oropharyngeal cancer. Case selection to minimize adjuvant therapy ensures cost‐effective treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 589–600, 2016
Collision tumors of the thyroid: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ryan Neil , Walkden Graham , Lazic Darko , Tierney Paul 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundCollision tumors of the thyroid are a rare pathology that present a diagnostic and treatment challenge. In this report, we present an interesting case and a review of the current literature as to inform management.Methods and ResultsAn 88‐year‐old woman presented with acute airway compromise and vocal cord paralysis. CT identified a thyroid mass and widespread metastasis. Histopathology identified the lesion as a collision tumor consisting of a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and papillary thyroid carcinoma. The patient was managed with surgery and palliative radiotherapy. However, she died from complications of a lower respiratory tract infection. We also present a review of the literature with 33 cases reviewed.ConclusionManagement of collision tumors is complex because of the duality of the pathology. They should be managed in a multidisciplinary team setting and treatment should be patient specific. Generally, the most aggressive neoplasm should guide treatment. We recommend surgical management with adjunct therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E125–E129, 2015