bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of patients' experiences and perceptions of care provided by nurse and pharmacist independent prescribers in primary care
Authors: Tinelli Michela , Blenkinsopp Alison , Latter Sue , Smith Alesha , Chapman Stephen R 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the United Kingdom, nurses and pharmacists who have undertaken additional post‐registration training can prescribe medicines for any medical condition within their competence (non‐medical prescribers, NMPs), but little is known about patients' experiences and perceptions of this service.Objectiveto obtain feedback from primary care patients on the impact of prescribing by nurse independent prescribers (NIPs) and pharmacist independent prescribers (PIPs) on experiences of the consultation, the patient–professional relationship, access to medicines, quality of care, choice, knowledge, patient‐reported adherence and control of their condition.DesignTwo cross‐sectional postal surveys.Setting and participantsPatients prescribed for by either NIPs or PIPs in six general practices from different regions in England.Results30% of patients responded (294/975; 149/525 NIPs; 145/450 PIPs). Most said they were very satisfied with their last visit (94%; 87%), they were told as much as they wanted to know about their medicines (88%; 80%), and felt the independent prescriber really understood their point of view (87%; 75%). They had a good relationship with (89%; 79%) and confidence in (84%; 77%) their NMP. When comparing NMP and doctor prescribing services, most patients reported no difference in their experience of care provided, including access to it, control of condition, support for adherence, quality and safety of care.Discussion and conclusionsPatients had positive perceptions and experience from their NMP visit. NMPs were well received, and patients' responses indicated the establishment of rapport. They did not express a strong preference for care provided by either their non‐medical or medical prescriber.
An interobserver reproducibility study on invasiveness of bladder cancer using virtual microscopy and heatmaps
Authors: Compérat Eva , Egevad Lars , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Camparo Philippe , Algaba Ferran , Amin Mahul , Epstein Jonathan I , Hamberg Hans , Hulsbergen‐van de Kaa Christina , Kristiansen Glen , Montironi Rodolfo , Pan Chin‐Chen , Heloir Fabrice , Treurniet Kilian , Sykes Jenna , Van der Kwast Theo H 
Published: June 2013

AimsThe distinction between non‐invasive (pTa) and invasive (pT1) non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is subject to considerable interobserver variation. We aimed to generate a teaching set of images based on the diagnostic opinions of a panel of expert genitourinary pathologists.Methods and resultsTwenty‐five transurethral resection specimens initially reported as pT1 NMIBC from two university hospitals were selected on the basis of potential uncertainty of stromal invasion. Digitized slides were reviewed independently by a panel of eight genitourinary pathologists, who annotated any invasive area if present. Annotations were reviewed by the lead panel, and heatmaps of annotated areas were constructed. Reasons for discrepancies were analysed, and kappa scores were calculated to determine agreement among the eight panellists. Full agreement by the eight panellists was obtained in 11 of 25 cases (44%), with a multi‐rater (Fleiss) kappa of 0.47 (P < 0.0001). After joint review of the seven discordant (agreement <75% of panellists) cases, consensus was obtained for six cases, and a teaching set of images was generated.ConclusionsInterobserver agreement among the panellists in the selected cases was moderate, but consensus could be reached in almost all cases. Heatmaps proved to be instrumental in generating a teaching set of images for standardization of histological criteria for NMIBC invasion.
Pupae in nomenclature and identification: West Palaearctic Orthocladius s.str. (Diptera: Chironomidae) revised
Authors: LANGTON P. H. , CRANSTON P. S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Orthocladius (Orthocladius) is a subgenus of one of the more speciose genera amongst the Holarctic chironomids of the subfamily Orthocladiinae. Although many names have been applied, adult males are difficult to distinguish. However, the immature stages often are known, and pupae discriminate taxa reliably.Based predominantly upon examination of exuviae, Orthocladius atripluma Kieffer and Orthocladius mitisi Goetghebuer are syn.n. of Orthocladius glabripennis (Goetghebuer); Orthocladius smolandicus Brundin a syn.n. of Orthocladius holsatus Goetghebuer; Orthocladius lenzi Kieffer a syn.n. of Orthocladius oblidens (Walker); Orthocladius rhyacobius Kieffer, Orthocladius rhyacophilus Kieffer and Orthocladius excavatus Brundin are syn.n. of Orthocladius obumbratus Johannsen; Orthocladius saxicola Kieffer and Orthocladius curtiseta Sæther are syn.n. of Orthocladius rubicundus (Meigen).Orthocladius (Orthocladius) vaillanti is described as sp.n., based upon distinctive pupal exuviae. Lectotypes are designated for Orthocladius rhyacobius Kieffer, Orthocladius rhyacophilus Kieffer, Orthocladius rivinus Kieffer, Chironomus rubicundus Meigen and Orthocladius saxicola Kieffer.A key to the thirteen western palaearctic species is given.
Extravascular Effects of Sclerosants in Rabbit Skin: A Clinical and Histologic Examination
Authors: GOLDMAN MITCHEL P. , KAPLAN RICHARD P. , OKI LISA N. , BENNETT RICHARD G. , STRICK RICHARD A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Sclerotherapy refers to the injection of a material for the purpose of obliterating a blood vessel. During this procedure a small quantity of sclerosing solution may be unintentionally injected into the tissues surrounding the vessel, either by missing the vessel or leakage of sclerosant upon withdrawal of the needle. Occasionally, the sclerosant may be intentionally injected into an extravascular site in the hope of reducing telangiec‐tatic mats (best described as multiple, grouped, extremely fine telangiectatic vessels). The various sclerosants in use appear to vary in their potential to cause necrosis of perivascular tissues as a complication.This study examines the clinical and histologic effects of the intradermal injection of 0.1 ml of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0% Aethoxysklerol (AES); 0.5% Sotradecol (SOT); and 23.4% hypertonic saline (HS) in rabbit skin. All three agents produced some clinical necrosis with intradermal injection. AES in all three concentrations produced the least clinical necrosis, no histologic necrosis, and resolved faster than SOT or HS.
Carbon Dioxide Laser abrasion: A New Approach to Management of Familial Benign Chronic Pemphigus (Hailey‐Hailey Disease)
Authors: DON PHILIP C. , CARNEY PATRICK S. , LYNCH WILLIAM S. , ZAIM M. TARIF , HASSAN MEDHAT O. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFamilial benign chronic pemphigus (FBCP), or Hailey‐Hailey disease, can be a debilitating condition. Treatment is palliative and only excision of lesional skin followed by split‐thickness grafting may be curative. The success of surgery is attributed to the removal of adnexal structures and a decrease in sweating and maceration. This is the first report of successful carbon dioxide (CO2) laserabrasion of a patient with FBCP. The procedure spared the underlying adnexae which contributed to the reepithelialization of the epidermis. The selective destructive property of the CO2 laser may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of FBCP.
Malignant Melanoma with Desmoplasia and Neurotropism
Authors: KIBBI ABDUL‐GHANI , MIHM MARTIN C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDesmoplastic (DMM) and neurotropic (NMM) malignant melanoma are two variants of the vertical growth phase of malignant melanoma. Both lesions commonly present clinically as firm nodules that are often mistaken for fibromas. Histologically, they are associated with a pleomorphic spindle cell population of cells that widely infiltrate the dermis. An accompanying fibrosis is present. DMM usually lies beneath a lentiginous proliferation of a typical melanocytes, whereas NMM may arise without obvious epidermal involvement. Because the lesions infiltrate widely, adequate therapy results only when complete extirpation is performed. Otherwise, there may be recurrence. Recurrent lesions act more aggressively.
Hyperplastic Acral Keratoses—Association with Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: RABKIN MICHAEL S. , WEEMS WILLIAM S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe have observed hyperplastic epidermal lesions in sun‐damaged skin on the backs of the hands, wrists, and forearms that, in some examples, contain foci of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Atypia in these lesions is focal or absent. Because of their bland histology, physicians are likely to interpret small or superficial biopsies as indicating a benign lesion. However, careful clinical correlation and follow‐up are recommended, as residual tissue may contain invasive carcinoma or its precursor.
Stress‐related Responses in Alexandrium tamarense Cells Exposed to Environmental Changes
Authors: Jauzein Cecile , Erdner Deana L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrganisms tend to be sensitive to drastic changes in environmental conditions. For unicellular microorganisms, variations in physico‐chemical conditions are particularly challenging and may result in acclimation, entrance into quiescence, or death through necrotic or autocatalytic pathways. This study focuses on the thecate dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense. Cellular responses to oxidative, thermal, and nutrient stress were characterized using stress indicators, such as pigment content, efficiency of photosystem II or production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as hallmarks of apoptosis including activity of caspase‐like enzymes and expression of a metacaspase gene homolog. The formation of temporary cysts, a survival strategy of short‐term quiescence, was also monitored. Cellular responses appeared to depend on multifactorial influences where type and intensity of stimulus as well as position in cell cycle may act in combination. Sequences of events observed implicate ROS production as a key determinant of stress‐related pathways, playing potential roles in intracellular signaling, formation of temporary cysts, or cellular damage. Variations observed in caspase‐like activities and metacaspase gene expression did not appear to be associated with programmed cell death pathways; our results suggest a wider range of functions for these proteases in phytoplankton cells, including roles in survival pathways and cell cycle progression.
Diversity in receptor‐like kinase genes is a major determinant of quantitative resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. matthioli
Authors: Cole Stephanie J. , Diener Andrew C. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Resistance to wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. matthioli (FOM) is a polygenic trait in Arabidopsis thaliana. RFO3 is one of six quantitative trait loci accounting for the complete resistance of accession Columbia‐0 (Col‐0) and susceptibility of accession Taynuilt‐0 (Ty‐0).

We find that Col‐0 and Ty‐0 alleles of RFO3 are representative of two common variants in wild Arabidopsis accessions, that resistance and susceptibility to FOM are ancestral features of the two variants and that resistance from RFO3 is unrivalled by other genes in a genome‐wide survey of diversity in accessions. A single receptor‐like kinase (RLK) gene in Col‐0 is responsible for the resistance of RFO3, although the susceptible Ty‐0 allele codes for two RLK homologs.

Expression of RFO3 is highest in vascular tissue, which F. oxysporum infects, and root‐expressed RFO3 restricts FOM infection of the vascular system. RFO3 confers specific resistance to FOM and provides no resistance to two other crucifer‐infecting F. oxysporum pathogens.

RFO3's identity, expression and specificity suggest that RFO3 represents diversity in pattern‐recognition receptor (PRR) genes. The characteristics of RFO3 and the previously published RFO1 suggest that diversity in RLK PRRs is a major determinant of quantitative resistance in wild plant populations.
Do Euro Area Countries Respond Asymmetrically to the Common Monetary Policy?
Authors: Barigozzi Matteo , Conti Antonio M. , Luciani Matteo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigate the possible existence of asymmetries among Euro Area countries reactions to the European Central Bank monetary policy. Our analysis is based on a Structural Dynamic Factor model estimated on a large panel of Euro Area quarterly variables. Although the introduction of the euro has changed the monetary transmission mechanism in the individual countries towards a more homogeneous response, we find that differences still remain between North and South Europe in terms of prices and unemployment. These results are the consequence of country‐specific structures, rather than of European Central Bank policies.
Gastric pneumatosis and rupture caused by lactobezoar
Authors: Bos Marthel E. , Wijnen Rene M. H. , de Blaauw Ivo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundLactobezoar is a compact mass of inspissated, undigested milk. Most often it is located in the stomach but it may also be located in other parts of the intestine. It is the most common type of bezoar in infancy. Reported herein are two cases of this rare condition mimicking necrotizing enterocolitis.MethodData on two complicated cases of lactobezoar were retrospective analyzed.ResultsThe first case involved a female infant, born at 37 weeks 2 days gestation with a birthweight of 3050 g, and multiple antenatal known congenital defects. Due to esophageal atresia she was given a gastrostomy on the second day of life. After 20 days of continuous feeding with formula feeding she developed food intolerance and clinical signs of a severe sepsis. On examination the abdomen was severely distended and tender at palpation. No palpable mass was noted at examination. Signs of hemodynamic instability and sepsis evolved. Plain abdominal X‐ray showed a pneumatosis of the stomach matching necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). During emergency laparotomy a gastric bezoar was seen and removed. The postoperative course was complicated by prolonged motility disturbance of the stomach. For a long time she was fed through a jejunostomy. The second case involved a female infant born at 26 weeks 4 days (birthweight 1040 g) who became progressively septic on the day 6 of life. On examination she had a tender and distended abdomen, and abdominal X‐ray showed intra‐abdominal air, consistent with a gastrointestinal perforation. On emergency laparotomy a perforation was seen at the back of the stomach, due to a lactobezoar, with only a little necrosis surrounding it. Surgical treatment consisted of extraction of the lactobezoar and closure of the perforation at the back of the stomach. Two days after the initial surgery, she developed a leakage of the suture anastomosis and another laparotomy was performed. A drain was left near the stomach. After 2 weeks she recovered quickly and feeding was initiated at day 21 with good outcome after 3 months.ConclusionFactors associated with the development of lactobezoar are prematurity, low birthweight, disturbed gastric emptying, hypercaloric and hyperosmolaric milk compositions. It is important to realize that lactobezoar formation can occur in preterm and full‐term infants, receiving either breast milk or formula, even when only minimal enteral feeding is given. Early recognition and treatment of this condition is critical. If a lactobezoar is not detected in an early phase, patients can deteriorate very quickly into a condition mimicking NEC.
Suppression of Interferon‐Mediated Antiviral Immunity by Hepatitis B Virus: An Overview of Research Progress
Authors: Guo P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInterferon (IFN)‐α is an indispensable drug for hepatitis B treatment in clinical settings. However, hepatitis B virus (HBV) can attenuate IFN‐mediated antiviral responses to avoid being inhibited or cleared. Much progress has been made in exploring how the IFN‐induced anti‐HBV effect is inhibited. This review examines and summarizes new advances regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the HBV‐induced suppression of type I IFN‐mediated antiviral immunity.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection in an intestinal transplant recipient
Authors: Hsu C.N. , Tseng S.H. , Chang S.W. , Chen Y. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStrongyloides stercoralis is a helminth in tropical and subtropical areas. It may cause latent infection and progress to Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome, which is associated with a high mortality rate. Transplant recipients under the treatment of immunosuppressant agents are at risk of severe S. stercoralis infection. According to related literature, most cases of S. stercoralis infection after solid organ transplantation are caused by reactivation of latent infections in the recipients, whereas only a few are acquired from the donors. We report on an intestinal transplant recipient who had S. stercoralis infection diagnosed by a larva of this parasite found in the stool from the ileostomy stoma 1 month after transplantation. The donor was considered the source of the infection because the donor was from an endemic area and had marked eosinophilia, and the recipient had no contact history or clinical manifestations related to the S. stercoralis infection before transplantation. The patient was treated with ivermectin and exhibited no evidence of infection after 7 months.
Cytomegalovirus infection of the major duodenal papilla in a renal allograft recipient with severe biliary obstruction and acalculous cholecystitis
Authors: Riediger C. , Beimler J. , Weitz J. , Zeier M. , Sauer P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause severe infections with serious consequences in renal transplant recipients. Disseminated CMV infections can affect almost every organ, but obstructive cholestasis and cholangitis, as a consequence of a CMV‐induced papillitis, is extremely rare. We are reporting a rare case of obstructive cholestasis and cholecystitis due to CMV‐related inflammation of the major duodenal papilla in a 60‐year‐old woman 3 months after renal transplantation. In addition, the patient suffered from a disseminated CMV infection with ulcerative esophagitis and gastritis. Because of the severe CMV infection, failure of the renal graft occurred. Obstructive cholestasis was resolved through internal stenting, and the progressive cholecystitis necessitated an emergency cholecystectomy. Following antiviral therapy with ganciclovir, the gastrointestinal ulcerations regressed and renal function was restored. Diagnosis of the CMV‐related disease was established only in tissue samples, whereas standard serologic tests had failed.
Fractal Analysis Illuminates the Form of Connectionist Structural Gradualness
Authors: Tabor Whitney , Cho Pyeong Whan , Szkudlarek Emily 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe examine two connectionist networks—a fractal learning neural network (FLNN) and a Simple Recurrent Network (SRN)—that are trained to process center‐embedded symbol sequences. Previous work provides evidence that connectionist networks trained on infinite‐state languages tend to form fractal encodings. Most such work focuses on simple counting recursion cases (e.g., ), which are not comparable to the complex recursive patterns seen in natural language syntax. Here, we consider exponential state growth cases (including mirror recursion), describe a new training scheme that seems to facilitate learning, and note that the connectionist learning of these cases has a continuous metamorphosis property that looks very different from what is achievable with symbolic encodings. We identify a property—ragged progressive generalization—which helps make this difference clearer. We suggest two conclusions. First, the fractal analysis of these more complex learning cases reveals the possibility of comparing connectionist networks and symbolic models of grammatical structure in a principled way—this helps remove the black box character of connectionist networks and indicates how the theory they support is different from symbolic approaches. Second, the findings indicate the value of future, linked mathematical and empirical work on these models—something that is more possible now than it was 10 years ago.
Export Credit Guarantees and Export Performance: Evidence from Austrian Firm‐level Data
Authors: Badinger Harald , Url Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper provides an economic assessment of export credit guarantee commitments by the Austrian export credit agency, using firm‐level data on a cross‐section of Austrian exporting firms for the year 2008. In a first step, we explore various determinants of export guarantee usage. Results suggest that firm size, being part of a multinational enterprise, exposure to revenue risk and R&D intensity are important factors. In a second step, we investigate the effects of export guarantees on export performance. Identification is achieved using as instruments the exogenous determinants of export guarantee usage identified in the first step. We find that there are economically and statistically significant effects of export credit guarantee usage on firm‐specific export performance ranging from some 80 to 100 per cent compared with the control group of non‐users.
Financial Crisis and Productivity Evolution: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Poczter Sharon , Gertler Paul , Rothenberg Alexander D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe examine how the productivity of different industries changes over the course of a financial crisis by exploiting cross‐firm, within‐industry differences in productivity resulting from the Asian financial crisis of 1997. We show that the crisis coincided with dramatic changes in productivity and that many of these changes were sustained in the long run. In particular, an increasing number of industries experienced decreases in average firm productivity during the crisis and did not recover. Further, we find that changes in industrial productivity in the recovery period are driven not by increases in the productivity of existing firms, but rather by the entry of new firms and changes to the reallocation of market share. Finally, we find that foreign exporters' productivity was the least impacted by the crisis, suggesting that only access to alternate forms of both capital and international markets can help to smooth investment and maintain productivity over a financial crisis.
Intraregional Spillovers in South America: Is Brazil Systemic After All?
Authors: Adler Gustavo , Sosa Sebastián 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe high business cycle correlation between Brazil (the large neighbour in South America) and other countries in the region has been a frequent source of concern for policymakers, as it has been viewed as evidence of the large influence of the former country on its neighbours. This paper studies the importance of such influence, documenting trade linkages over the last two decades and quantifying spillover effects in a vector autoregression setting. We find that, after controlling for common external factors, spillovers from Brazil are only relevant for Southern Cone economies (especially Mercosur's members) and Peru, but not for the rest of South America, and these findings are consistent with the extent of trade linkages between these countries. We find also that spillovers can take two different forms: the transmission of Brazil‐specific shocks and the amplification of global shocks – through their impact on Brazil's output. Finally, we also find suggestive evidence that depreciations of Brazil's currency may not have significant impact on output of its key trading partners.