bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐grade elastic compression regimen for venous leg ulcers – an effective compromise for patients requiring daily dressing changes
Authors: Dabiri Ganary , Hammerman Scott , Carson Polly , Falanga Vincent 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVenous leg ulcers (VLUs) affect millions of patients worldwide and are a tremendous financial burden on our health care system. The hallmark of venous disease of the lower extremities is venous hypertension, and compression is the current mainstay of treatment. However, many patients are non‐compliant, partly because of the complexity of the dressings and the difficulties with application and removal. The aim of our study was to test an effective compression dressing regimen for patients with VLUs who require changing the ulcer primary dressing twice daily. We used two layers of a latex‐free tubular elastic bandage for compression. The primary endpoint of our study was increased wound‐healing rate and our secondary endpoint was complete wound closure. All active study subjects had positive healing rates at week 4 and week 8. Two subjects achieved complete wound closure by week 8. We conclude that compression with a latex‐free tubular elastic bandage can be safely used in patients with VLUs requiring frequent dressing changes. This type of compression allows for daily inspection of wounds, dressing changes at home, flexibility in the context of clinical trials, and is a compromise for patients who are intolerant to compression dressings.
Subtotal ostectomy of impinging dorsal spinous processes in 23 standing horses
Authors: Brink Palle 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo (1) describe a safe, efficient surgical technique for subtotal ostectomy (SO) of diseased dorsal spinal processes (DSP) of the caudal thoracic vertebrae with the horse standing and (2) report outcome.Study DesignCase series.AnimalsHorses (n = 23) with reduced performance caused by impingement of the DSP of the caudal thoracic vertebrae.MethodsAffected DSP were resected through a dorsal median incision with the horse standing, sedated, and the surgical site desensitized with local anesthetic. Radiography was used to confirm removal of impinging bone before wound closure.ResultsNo serious complications occurred. Outcome was obtained for 22 horses. At <1 year, 19 horses (86%) returned to full athletic function, 2 horses (9%) improved but had failed to return to full function, 1 horse had no improvement. At >1 year, 2 horses that had returned to full athletic function were unable to function at full capacity; 1 was considered improved, but the other had not improved. Athletic function in 1 horse improved 6 months after surgery, but at 2.5 years was no better than before surgery.ConclusionsSubtotal ostectomy of impinging DSPs can be performed with good results with the horse standing.
Does the Cognitive Measure Cog-4 Show Improvement among Patients Treated with Thrombolysis after Acute Stroke?
Authors: Hajjar Karim , Fulton Rachael L. , Diener Hans-Christoph , Lees Kennedy R. ,   VISTA Collaborators, Alexandrov A , Bath PMW , Bluhmki E , Claesson L , Curram J , Davis SM , Donnan G , Diener HC , Fisher M , Gregson B , Grotta J , Hacke W , Hennerici MG , Hommel M , Kaste M , Lees KR , Lyden P , Marler J , Muir K , Sacco R , Shuaib A , Teal P , Wahlgren NG , Warach S , Weimar C 
Published: November 2013

Background Although the established measure of disability post stroke, the modified Rankin Scale emphasizes motor function and may underestimate the importance of cognitive impairment in more disabled patients. A subset of four items from the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale has been proposed to assess cognitive function after stroke (Cog-4), and to correlate with modified Rankin Scale. Items correspond to orientation, executive function, language, and inattention. We investigated responsiveness of Cog-4 to treatment with thrombolysis and whether it offers information that supplements modified Rankin Scale. Methods We included 6268 patients from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive: 2734 received intravenous thrombolysis and 3534 were treated conservatively. We compared day 90 outcomes between treated and untreated groups, by modified Rankin Scale (illustrative) and by Cog-4 (primary measure) adjusting for age, baseline National Institutes of Health stroke scale, hemispheric lateralisation as well as baseline Cog-4 and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale excluding baseline Cog-4 separately. Analysis of Cog-4 was repeated within strata of 90 day modified Rankin Scale. Statistical analyses included proportional odds logistic regression and Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test. Results Modified Rankin Scale showed a difference between treatment groups of expected magnitude (odds ratio 1·56; 95% confidence interval 1·43–1·72; P < 0·001). After adjustment for imbalance in baseline prognostic factors, the distribution of Cog-4 scores at 90 days was better in thrombolysed patients compared with nonthrombolysed patients (odds ratio 1·31; 95% confidence interval 1·18–1·47; P = 0·006). However, Cog-4 analysis stratified by 90-day modified Rankin Scale was neutral between treatment groups (OR 1·01; 95% CI 0·90–1·14), and Cog-4 was not responsive to treatment group even within modified Rankin Scale categories 4 and 5 despite substantial cognitive deficits in these patients. Conclusion Although Cog-4 may be responsive to treatment effects, it does not provide additional information beyond modified Rankin Scale assessment.
Distinguishing Ventricular Arrhythmia Originating from the Right Coronary Cusp, Peripulmonic Valve Area, and the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Utility of Lead I
Authors: EBRILLE ELISA , CHANDRA VISHNU M. , SYED FAISAL , DEL CARPIO MUNOZ FREDDY , NANDA SUDIP , HAI JO JO , CHA YONG‐MEI , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , HAMMILL STEPHEN C. , MUNGER THOMAS M. , VENKATACHALAM K.L. , PACKER DOUGLAS L. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. 
Published: November 2013

ECG Lead I and Outflow Tract ArrhythmiaIntroductionOutflow tract ventricular arrhythmia (OTVA) can be complicated to target for ablation when originating from either the periaortic or pulmonary valve (PV) region. Both sites may present with a small R wave in lead V1. However, the utility of lead I in distinguishing these arrhythmia locations is unknown.Methods and ResultsThirty‐six consecutive patients (mean age 41 ± 14 years, 13 male) underwent catheter ablation for OTVA. OTVA origin was determined from intracardiac electrogram tracings and electroanatomic maps. Observers blinded to results measured QRS waveform amplitude and duration from standard 12‐lead ECG tracings. Measurements with highest diagnostic performance were modeled into an algorithm. Sites of successful ablation were anterior right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT; n = 6), posterior RVOT (n = 4), PV (n = 18), and right coronary cusp (RCC; n = 8). Highest performing surface ECG discriminators were from lead I to V1 vectors: RCC, lead I R wave ≥ 1.5 mV, and V1 R wave ≥2.0 mV (sensitivity 87%, specificity 93%); PV, V1 R wave > 0 mV, and lead I R/(R+S) ≤ 0.75 (sensitivity 78%, specificity 72%); anterior RVOT, V1 R wave = 0 mV, and lead I R/(R+S) <0.4 (sensitivity 67%, specificity 97%); posterior RVOT, V1 R wave > 0 mV, and lead I R/(R+S) > 0.75 (sensitivity 75%, specificity 84%). Sequential algorithmic application of these criteria resulted in an overall accuracy of 72% in predicting site of OTVA origin.ConclusionsA relatively large R wave in lead I is seen with RCC origin but not PV origin. A sequential algorithm has limited but potentially significant value beyond assessment of lead I in approaching OTVA.
The role of EGF‐EGFR signalling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Huang Peixin , Xu Xiaojing , Wang Lingyan , Zhu Bijun , Wang Xiangdong , Xia Jingling 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEpidermal growth factor (EGF) and their receptor (EGFR) play an important role in the development of cancer proliferation, and metastasis, although the mechanism remains unclear. The present study aimed at investigating the role of EGF‐EGFR signalling pathway in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) inflammatory environment. Gene profiles of inflammatory cytokines from HCC were measured. Cell bio‐behaviours of HCC with low or high metastasis were detected by the live cell monitoring system. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8. The protein level of CXCL5 and CXCL8 was measured by ELISA. The phosphorylation of PI3K, ERK, MAPK was measured by western blot. EGF significantly induced cell proliferation in HepG2 cells, but not in HCCLM3 cells. EGF prompted the cell movement in both HepG2 and HCCLM3 and regulated the production of CXCL5 and CXCL8 from HCC, which were inhibited by EGFR inhibitor, Erk inhibitor (U0126), or PI3K inhibitors (BEZ‐235 and SHBM1009). HCC proliferation, metastasis and production of inflammatory cytokines were regulated via EGF‐EGFR signal pathways. CXCL5 could interact with CXCL8, possibly by CXCR2 or the cross‐talk between CXCR2 and EGFR. EGF‐EGFR signaling pathway can be the potential target of therapies for HCC.
Meta‐analysis of single crowns supported by short (<10 mm) implants in the posterior region
Authors: Mezzomo Luis André , Miller Rodrigo , Triches Diego , Alonso Fernando , Shinkai Rosemary Sadami A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo assess the failures and complications of short (<10 mm) implants supporting single crowns in the posterior region and its potential risk factors (RkF).Materials and MethodsProspective studies were screened according to eligibility criteria, followed by contact with authors. Quality assessment was performed using a standardized protocol. Mean implant failure proportion (FP), biological and prosthetic failure proportions (BFP/PFP) and marginal bone loss (MBL) including 95% confidence intervals were estimated using random‐effects models for meta‐analysis.ResultsSixteen studies with a medium methodological quality (mean score: 8 ± 3; 2–14) had data collected. In summary, 762 short implants were followed up for up to 120 months in 360 patients (mean follow‐up: 44 ± 33.72 months; mean dropout rate: 5.1%). The means FP, BFP, PFP and MBL were 5.9% (95%CI: 3.7–9.2%), 3.8% (95%CI: 1.9–7.4%), 2.8% (95%CI: 1.4–5.7%) and 0.83 mm (95%CI: 0.54–1.12 mm) respectively. Quantitative analysis showed that placement in the mandible (p = 0.0002) and implants with length ≤8 mm (p = 0.01) increased FP, BFP and MBL, whereas qualitative assessment revealed that crown‐to‐implant ratio did not influence MBL.ConclusionsSingle crowns supported by short implants in the posterior region are a predictable treatment option with reduced failure rates, biological/prosthetic complications and minimal bone loss.
The Acidocalcisome Vacuolar Transporter Chaperone 4 Catalyzes the Synthesis of Polyphosphate in Insect‐stages of Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi
Authors: Ulrich Paul N. , Lander Noelia , Kurup Samarchith P. , Reiss Laura , Brewer Jessica , Soares Medeiros Lia C. , Miranda Kildare , Docampo Roberto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPolyphosphate is a polymer of inorganic phosphate found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Polyphosphate typically accumulates in acidic, calcium‐rich organelles known as acidocalcisomes, and recent research demonstrated that vacuolar transporter chaperone 4 catalyzes its synthesis in yeast. The human pathogens Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi possess vacuolar transporter chaperone 4 homologs. We demonstrate that T. cruzi vacuolar transporter chaperone 4 localizes to acidocalcisomes of epimastigotes by immunofluorescence and immuno‐electron microscopy and that the recombinant catalytic region of the T. cruzi enzyme is a polyphosphate kinase. RNA interference of the T. brucei enzyme in procyclic form parasites reduced short chain polyphosphate levels and resulted in accumulation of pyrophosphate. These results suggest that this trypanosome enzyme is an important component of a polyphosphate synthase complex that utilizes ATP to synthesize and translocate polyphosphate to acidocalcisomes in insect stages of these parasites.
Predicting On‐Road Assessment Pass and Fail Outcomes in Older Drivers with Cognitive Impairment Using a Battery of Computerized Sensory‐Motor and Cognitive Tests
Authors: Hoggarth Petra A. , Innes Carrie R. H. , Dalrymple‐Alford John C. , Jones Richard D. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo generate a robust model of computerized sensory‐motor and cognitive test performance to predict on‐road driving assessment outcomes in older persons with diagnosed or suspected cognitive impairment.DesignA logistic regression model classified pass–fail outcomes of a blinded on‐road driving assessment. Generalizability of the model was tested using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation.SettingThree specialist clinics in New Zealand.ParticipantsDrivers (n = 279; mean age 78.4, 65% male) with diagnosed or suspected dementia, mild cognitive impairment, unspecified cognitive impairment, or memory problems referred for a medical driving assessment.MeasurementsA computerized battery of sensory‐motor and cognitive tests and an on‐road medical driving assessment.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐five participants (55.5%) received an on‐road fail score. Binary logistic regression correctly classified 75.6% of the sample into on‐road pass and fail groups. The cross‐validation indicated accuracy of the model of 72.0% with sensitivity for detecting on‐road fails of 73.5%, specificity of 70.2%, positive predictive value of 75.5%, and negative predictive value of 68%.ConclusionThe off‐road assessment prediction model resulted in a substantial number of people who were assessed as likely to fail despite passing an on‐road assessment and vice versa. Thus, despite a large multicenter sample, the use of off‐road tests previously found to be useful in other older populations, and a carefully constructed and tested prediction model, off‐road measures have yet to be found that are sufficiently accurate to allow acceptable determination of on‐road driving safety of cognitively impaired older drivers.
Critically Ill Elderly Adults with Infection: Analysis of the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care Study
Authors: Dimopoulos George , Koulenti Despoina , Blot Stijn , Sakr Yasser , Anzueto Antonio , Spies Claudia , Solé‐Violán Jordi , Kett Daniel , Armaganidis Apostolos , Martin Claude , Vincent Jean Louis ,   the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care Study Investigators
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of age on patterns of infection and on outcomes in individuals with infection.DesignAnalysis of data from an international, observational, point‐prevalence study:ExtendedPrevalence ofInfection inIntensiveCare (EPIC II).SettingIntensive care units (ICUs; N = 1,265) in 75 countries.ParticipantsAll adults present in a participatingICUon May 8, 2007. Individuals with an infection were included and classified according to age (18–44, 45–64, 65–74, 75–84, ≥85).MeasurementsDemographic, physiological, bacteriological, and therapeutic data were collected on the day of the study. Outcome data were collected until hospital discharge or for 60 days.ResultsOf the 13,796 adults enrolled inEPIC II, 7,087 (51.4%) had an infection. Of these, 330 (4.7%) were aged 85 and older, 1,405 (19.8%) were 75 to 84, 1,713 (24.2%) were 65 to 74, 2,358 (33.3%) were 45 to 64, and 1,281 (18.1%) were 18 to 44. Severity of illness did not differ between groups. Those aged 85 and older had fewer bloodstream infections than those younger than 75, fewer central nervous system infections than those who were younger than 65, and more abdominal infections than those who were younger than 45. A microbiological diagnosis was established less frequently in participants aged 85 and older than in younger participants. Gram‐negative microorganisms were more frequently isolated in those aged 85 and older than in other groups.ICUand hospital mortality were significantly higher in participants aged 85 and older than in those who were younger than 65.ConclusionA large proportion of individuals in theICUwith infection are aged 65 and older. Patterns of infection, including site and type of microorganism, vary according to age. Being aged 85 and older was an independent risk factor for mortality in individuals in theICUwith infection.
Unmet Needs of Community‐Residing Persons with Dementia and Their Informal Caregivers: Findings from the Maximizing Independence at Home Study
Authors: Black Betty S. , Johnston Deirdre , Rabins Peter V. , Morrison Ann , Lyketsos Constantine , Samus Quincy M. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and correlates of unmet needs in a sample of community‐residing persons with dementia (PWD) and their informal caregivers.DesignAnalysis of cross‐sectional, baseline participant characteristics before randomization in a care coordination intervention trial.SettingBaltimore, Maryland.ParticipantsCommunity‐residing PWD (n = 254) and their informal caregivers (n = 246).MeasurementsIn‐home assessments of dementia‐related needs based on the Johns Hopkins Dementia Care Needs Assessment. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to identify demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, functional, and quality‐of‐life correlates of unmet needs.ResultsThe mean number of unmet needs was 7.7 ± 4.8 in PWD and 4.6 ± 2.3 in caregivers, with almost all PWD (99%) and caregivers (97%) having one or more unmet needs. Unmet needs in PWD were significantly greater in those with higher cognitive function. Ninety percent of PWD had unmet safety needs, more than half had unmet needs for meaningful activities, and almost one‐third had not received a prior evaluation or diagnosis. Higher unmet needs in PWD was significantly associated with nonwhite race, lower income, less impairment in activities of daily living, and more symptoms of depression. For caregivers, more than 85% had unmet needs for resource referrals and caregiver education. Higher unmet caregiver needs was significantly associated with nonwhite race, less education, and more symptoms of depression.ConclusionMany community‐residing PWD and their caregivers have unmet dementia‐related needs for care, services, and support. Providers should be aware that unmet needs may be higher in minority and low‐income community residents, caregivers with lower education, and individuals with early‐stage dementia. Identifying and treating symptoms of depression in PWD and caregivers may enable them to address their other unmet needs.
Prevalence of and Potential Risk Factors for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Community‐Dwelling Residents of Beijing
Authors: Li Xin , Ma Chao , Zhang Junying , Liang Ying , Chen Yaojing , Chen Kewei , Wang Jun , Zhang Zhanjun , Wang Yongyan 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Beijing, China, and to explore the potential protective and risk factors for MCI.DesignPopulation‐based survey.SettingThe Beijing Ageing Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI).ParticipantsParticipants randomly recruited from BABRI (N = 1,211).MeasurementsParticipants underwent a battery of neuropsychological examinations to determine cognitive function and answered a series of personal questions. The prevalence of MCI and its subtypes were computed using Petersen's criteria. Influencing factors for MCI were estimated based on participant medical history, lifestyle, diet, and leisure activities.ResultsOne thousand twenty (aged >55, mean 63.9 ± 6.6; 36.7% male) subjects completed the neuropsychological tests. The overall prevalence of MCI was 15.7%, with single‐domain amnestic, multiple‐domain amnestic, and nonamnestic subtype prevalences of 6.4%, 3.7%, and 5.6%, respectively. Eight hundred sixty‐four subjects were used for the case–control analysis. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cerebrovascular disease were found to be associated with MCI. Healthy diet and greater involvement in physical, intellectual, and social activities were associated with a lower risk of MCI.ConclusionThe prevalence of MCI was compatible with that found in previous published reports, and the information on the epidemiology of MCI, especially risk factors, may help to explore therapeutic strategies and preventive approaches to delay conversion to dementia.
Sensor Monitoring to Measure and Support Daily Functioning for Independently Living Older People: A Systematic Review and Road Map for Further Development
Authors: Pol Margriet C. , Poerbodipoero Soemitro , Robben Saskia , Daams Joost , van Hartingsveldt Margo , de Vos Rien , de Rooij Sophia E. , Kröse Ben , Buurman Bianca M. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo study sensor monitoring (use of a sensor network placed in the home environment to observe individuals' daily functioning (activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living)) as a method to measure and support daily functioning for older people living independently at home.DesignSystematic review.SettingParticipants' homes.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals aged 65 and older.MeasurementsA systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, INSPEC, and The Cochrane Library was performed for articles published between 2000 and October 2012. All study designs, studies that described the use of wireless sensor monitoring to measure or support daily functioning for independently living older people, studies that included community‐dwelling individuals aged 65 and older, and studies that focused on daily functioning as a primary outcome measure were included.ResultsSeventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. Nine studies used sensor monitoring solely as a method for measuring daily functioning and detecting changes in daily functioning. These studies focused on the technical investigation of the sensor monitoring method used. The other studies investigated clinical applications in daily practice. The sensor data could enable healthcare professionals to detect alert conditions and periods of decline and could enable earlier intervention, although limited evidence of the effect of interventions was found in these studies because of a lack of high methodological quality.ConclusionStudies on the effectiveness of sensor monitoring to support people in daily functioning remain scarce. A road map for further development is proposed.