bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An abiotic model for the development of textures in some South Atlantic early Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates
Authors: Wright V. Paul , Barnett Andrew J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The cyclic distribution of various types of carbonates and Mg-clays in early Cretaceous rift-sag phase lacustrine carbonates from the subsurface of the South Atlantic provides an insight into how evolving lake chemistries in highly alkaline settings control facies development. The typically subdecametre scale symmetrical and asymmetrical cyclothems exhibit three main components: mud-grade laminated carbonates, millimetre-diameter spherulites with evidence of having been in a matrix of Mg-silicates, and millimetre–centimetre calcitic shrub-like growths. The laminites contain conspicuous numbers of ostracods and vertebrate remains and were produced by short-lived pluvial events, causing expansion of shallow lakes. Later evaporation triggered Mg-silicate precipitation and calcite nucleation within gels to produce spherulitic textures. When the rate of gel precipitation decreased or ceased, calcite growth, now less inhibited, produced shrub-like calcites resembling those produced abiotically in modern travertines, although still with some evidence of the former presence of some Mg-silicates. Physical reworking of these sediments led to the dispersion of the gels and the concentration of detrital carbonate components. Despite earlier proposals, evidence of microbial processes producing carbonates in these Cretaceous lake deposits is rare and the application of facies models based on modern and ancient microbialite analogues maybe be misplaced.
Survival among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Individuals with Common Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers
Authors: Marcus Julia L. , Chao Chun , Leyden Wendy A. , Xu Lanfang , Yu Jeanette , Horberg Michael A. , Klein Daniel , Towner William J. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Abrams Donald I. , Silverberg Michael J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background: Non–AIDS-defining cancers increasingly contribute to mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals. However, few studies have compared cancer prognosis by HIV status with adjustment for risk factors.
Methods: We conducted a cohort study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults in Kaiser Permanente California during 1996 to 2011, following subjects diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma or anal, prostate, colorectal, or lung cancers. We used Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression to assess cancer-related mortality within 5 years, comparing HIV-infected with HIV-uninfected subjects. Adjusted models included age, race/ethnicity, sex, cancer stage, cancer treatment, and smoking.
Results: Among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects, there were 68 and 51 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, 120 and 28 of anal cancer, 150 and 2,050 of prostate cancer, 53 and 646 of colorectal cancer, and 80 and 507 of lung cancer, respectively. Five-year cancer-related survival was reduced for HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected subjects, reaching statistical significance for lung cancer (10% vs. 19%, P = 0.002) but not Hodgkin lymphoma (83% vs. 89%, P = 0.40) or anal (64% vs. 74%, P = 0.38), prostate (86% vs. 92%, P = 0.074), or colorectal cancers (49% vs. 58%, P = 0.55). Adjusted results were similar, with lung cancer [HR, 1.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0–1.7] and prostate cancer (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–4.1) reaching significance.
Conclusions: Cancer-related mortality was higher among HIV-infected compared with HIV-uninfected individuals for prostate and lung cancers, but not Hodgkin lymphoma, anal cancer, or colorectal cancer.
Impact: Our findings emphasize the need for a focus on prevention, early detection, and adequate treatment of cancer among HIV-infected individuals. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(8); 1167–73. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Coghill and Engels, p. 1165
CAR-T Cells Inflict Sequential Killing of Multiple Tumor Target Cells
Authors: Davenport Alexander J. , Jenkins Misty R. , Cross Ryan S. , Yong Carmen S. , Prince H. Miles , Ritchie David S. , Trapani Joseph A. , Kershaw Michael H. , Darcy Phillip K. , Neeson Paul J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAdoptive therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells shows great promise clinically. However, there are important aspects of CAR-T-cell biology that have not been explored, particularly with respect to the kinetics of activation, immune synapse formation, and tumor cell killing. Moreover, the effects of signaling via the endogenous T-cell receptor (TCR) or CAR on killing kinetics are unclear. To address these issues, we developed a novel transgenic mouse (designated CAR.OT-I), in which CD8+ T cells coexpressed the clonogenic OT-I TCR, recognizing the H-2Kb–presented ovalbumin peptide SIINFEKL, and an scFv specific for human HER2. Primed CAR.OT-I T cells were mixed with SIINFEKL-pulsed or HER2-expressing tumor cells and visualized in real-time using time-lapse microscopy. We found that engagement via CAR or TCR did not affect cell death kinetics, except that the time from degranulation to CAR-T-cell detachment was faster when CAR was engaged. We showed, for the first time, that individual CAR.OT-I cells can kill multiple tumor cells (“serial killing”), irrespective of the mode of recognition. At low effector:target ratios, the tumor cell killing rate was similar via TCR or CAR ligation over the first 20 hours of coincubation. However, from 20 to 50 hours, tumor cell death mediated through CAR became attenuated due to CAR downregulation throughout the time course. Our study provides important insights into CAR-T–tumor cell interactions, with implications for single- or dual receptor–focused T-cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(5); 483–94. ©2015 AACR.See related commentary by June, p. 470
Amino acid residues in the laminin G domains of protein S involved in tissue factor pathway inhibitor interaction
Authors: Somajo Sofia , Ahnström Josefin , Fernandez-Recio Juan , Gierula Magdalena , Villoutreix Bruno O. , Dahlbäck Björn 
Published: February 2015

SummaryProtein S functions as a cofactor for tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and activated protein C (APC). The sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)-like region of protein S, consisting of two laminin G-like domains (LG1 and LG2), contains the binding site for C4b-binding protein (C4BP) and TFPI. Furthermore, the LG-domains are essential for the TFPI-cofactor function and for expression of full APC-cofactor function. The aim of the current study was to localise functionally important interaction sites in the protein S LG-domains using amino acid substitutions. Four protein S variants were created in which clusters of surface-exposed amino acid residues within the LG-domains were substituted. All variants bound normally to C4BP and were fully functional as cofactors for APC in plasma and in pure component assays. Two variants, SHBG2 (E612A, I614A, F265A, V393A, H453A), involving residues from both LG-domains, and SHBG3 (K317A, I330A, V336A, D365A) where residues in LG1 were substituted, showed 50–60 % reduction in enhancement of TFPI in FXa inhibition assays. For SHBG3 the decreased TFPI cofactor function was confirmed in plasma based thrombin generation assays. Both SHBG variants bound to TFPI with decreased affinity in surface plasmon resonance experiments. The TFPI Kunitz 3 domain is known to contain the interaction site for protein S. Using in silico analysis and protein docking exercises, preliminary models of the protein S SHBG/TFPI Kunitz domain 3 complex were created. Based on a combination of experimental and in silico data we propose a binding site for TFPI on protein S, involving both LGdomains.
Activities of Daily Living and Outcomes in Heart Failure
Authors: Dunlay Shannon M. , Manemann Sheila M. , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Cheville Andrea L. , Jiang Ruoxiang , Weston Susan A. , Roger Véronique L. 
Published: February 2015

Background—
Chronic disease can contribute to functional disability, which can degrade quality of life. However, the prevalence of functional disability and its association with outcomes among patients with heart failure requires further study.

Methods and Results—

Southeastern Minnesota residents with heart failure were enrolled from September 2003 through January 2012 into a cohort study with follow-up through December 2012. Difficulty with 9 activities of daily living (ADLs) was assessed by a questionnaire. Patients were divided into 3 categories of ADL difficulty (no/minimal, moderate, severe). The associations of ADL difficulty with mortality and hospitalization were assessed using Cox and Andersen-Gill models. Among 1128 patients (mean age, 74.7 years; 49.2% female), a majority (59.4%) reported difficulty with one or more ADLs at enrollment, with 272 (24.1%) and 146 (12.9%) experiencing moderate and severe difficulty, respectively. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.2 (2.4) years, 614 patients (54.4%) had died. Mortality increased with increasing ADL difficulty; the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for death was 1.49 (1.22–1.82) and 2.26 (1.79–2.86) for those with moderate and severe difficulty, respectively, compared to those with no/minimal difficulty (
P
trend
<0.001). Patients with moderate and severe difficulty were at an increased risk for all-cause and noncardiovascular hospitalization. In a second assessment, 17.7% of survivors reported more difficulty with ADLs and patients with persistently severe or worsening difficulty were at an increased risk for death (hazard ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.71–2.58;
P
<0.001) and hospitalization (hazard ratio, 1.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–1.74;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Functional disability is common in patients with heart failure, can progress over time, and is associated with adverse prognosis.
Contemporary Trends and Predictors of Postacute Service Use and Routine Discharge Home After Stroke
Authors: Prvu Bettger Janet , McCoy Lisa , Smith Eric E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Schwamm Lee H. , Peterson Eric D. 
Published: February 2015

Background

Returning home after the hospital is a primary aim for healthcare; however, additional postacute care (
PAC
) services are sometimes necessary for returning stroke patients to their pre‐event status. Recent trends in hospital discharge disposition specifying
PAC
use have not been examined across age groups or health insurance types.

Methods and Results

We examined trends in discharge to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (
IRFs
), skilled nursing facilities (
SNFs
), home with home health (
HH
), and home without services for 849 780 patients ≥18 years of age with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at 1687 hospitals participating in Get With The Guidelines—Stroke. Multivariable analysis was used to identify factors associated with discharge to any
PAC
(
IRF
,
SNF
, or
HH
) versus discharge home without services. From 2003 to 2011, there was a 2.1% increase (unadjusted
P
=0.001) in
PAC
use after a stroke hospitalization. Change was greatest in
SNF
use, an 8.3% decrease over the period.
IRF
and
HH
increased 6.9% and 3.6%, respectively. The 2 strongest clinical predictors of
PAC
use after acute care were patients not ambulating on the second day of their hospital stay (ambulation odds ratio [
OR
], 3.03; 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 2.86 to 3.23) and those who failed a dysphagia screen or had an order restricting oral intake (
OR
, 2.48; 95%
CI
, 2.37 to 2.59).

Conclusions

Four in 10 stroke patients are discharged home without services. Although little has changed overall in
PAC
use since 2003, further research is needed to explain the shift in service use by type and its effect on outcomes.
Natural History and Management of Basilar Trunk Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Saliou Guillaume , Sacho Raphael H. , Power Sarah , Kostynskyy Alex , Willinsky Robert A. , Tymianski Michael , terBrugge Karel G. , Rawal Sapna , Krings Timo 
Published: February 2015

Background and Purpose—
Basilar trunk aneurysms (BTAs), defined as aneurysms distal to the basilar origin and proximal to the origin of the superior cerebellar artery, are rare and challenging to manage. We describe the natural history and management in a consecutive series of BTAs.

Methods—
Between 2000 and 2013, 2522 patients with 3238 aneurysms were referred to our institution for aneurysm management. A retrospective review of this database was conducted to identify all patients with BTAs.

Results—

In total, 52 patients had a BTA. Mean age was 56 (SD±18) years. Median clinical follow-up was 33 (interquartile range, 8–86) months, and imaging follow-up was 26 (interquartile range, 2–80.5) months. BTAs were classified into 4 causal subtypes: acute dissecting aneurysms, segmental fusiform ectasia, mural bleeding ectasia, and saccular aneurysms. Multiple aneurysms were more frequently noticed among the 13 saccular aneurysms when compared with overall population (
P
=0.021). There was preponderance of segmental ectasia or mural bleeding ectasia (
P
=0.045) in patients presenting with transit ischemic attack/stroke or mass effect. Six patients with segmental and 4 with mural bleeding ectasia demonstrated increasing size of their aneurysm, with 2 having subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by aneurysm rupture. None of the fusiform aneurysms that remained stable bled.

Conclusions—
BTAs natural histories may differ depending on subtype of aneurysm. Saccular aneurysms likely represent an underlying predisposition to aneurysm development because more than half of these cases were associated with multiple intracranial aneurysms. Intervention should be considered in segmental ectasia and chronic dissecting aneurysms, which demonstrate increase in size over time as there is an increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Beliefs and knowledge about the human papillomavirus vaccine among undergraduate men
Authors: Hunter Theresa , Weinstein Melissa 
Published: February 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess male undergraduate students’ human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and intentions to receive the HPV vaccination. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Method: A sample of 116 male undergraduate students from a university in the Midwestern USA completed a survey questionnaire assessing various aspects related to their attitudes towards the HPV vaccine. Results: Results show that awareness and levels of knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine were low among male undergraduate students. The study also found that intentions to receive the HPV vaccine were very low among this population. Conclusion: The results of this study should encourage the developmental and implementation of campus-wide health education programmes which discuss the HPV vaccine and benefits for men.
Living with Ghosts
Authors: Garrard-Burnett Virginia 
Published: February 2015

Although more than three decades have passed since Guatemala’s 36-year-long civil war, bereavement and posttraumatic stress continue to affect many survivors of that dark era, especially since it is only now that a few of the most infamous perpetrators of the violence have recently, if briefly, been brought to justice. The Maya were especially severely affected by the massacres and disappearances of the armed conflict. Because the ongoing relationship between the dead and the living that Maya value requires that the deceased receive proper burial, the exhumation and reburial of war dead have had cathartic effects for the survivors and have actively contributed to the construction of historical memory. Aunque han pasado más de tres décadas desde la guerra civil de 36 años en Guatemala, la aflicción por la pérdida de seres queridos y el estrés post traumático continúan afectando a muchos sobrevivientes de esa era oscura, especialmente porque es sólo hasta hace poco que algunos de los más infames autores de la violencia han sido llevados ante los trbunales aunque sólo brevemente. Los mayas especialmente fueron gravemente afectados por las masacres y las desapariciones del conflicto armado. Ya que la relación existente entre los muertos y los vivos que los mayas valoran requiere que los muertos reciban una digna sepultura, la exhumación y el nuevo entierro de los muertos en la guerra han tenido efectos catárticos en los sobrevivientes y han contribuido activamente a construir la memoria histórica.
Nasoseptal Flap Reconstruction of Pediatric Sellar Defects
Authors: Purcell Patricia L. , Shinn Justin R. , Otto Randolph K. , Davis Greg E. , Parikh Sanjay R. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesIn this study, we used computed tomography measurements to investigate the feasibility of nasoseptal flap reconstruction of sellar defects in children, and we reviewed our institutional experience with the procedure.Study DesignCross‐sectional and case series.SettingPediatric tertiary care facility.MethodsWe obtained 10 normal maxillofacial scans for each year of age from birth to 18. Computer‐assisted nasal and skull‐base measurements were performed. Patients with incomplete pneumatization were excluded from analysis. Reconstruction was presumed feasible if the ratio of nasoseptal flap length to associated sellar defect length was greater than 1. Chart review identified surgical patients.ResultsOf 190 scans, 125 had complete pneumatization. Of these, 120 (96%) displayed a ratio of nasoseptal flap length to sellar defect length greater than 1, suggesting that reconstruction would be feasible. Mean ratio of flap length to defect length for all subjects was 1.47 (SD 0.33; 95% CI, 1.41‐1.53). Only 5 of 125 patients (4%) had a ratio less than 1; the median age for these patients was 15 years, which is older than the median age of 12 years for subjects with a ratio greater than 1 (P =. 02). An inverse relationship was identified between age and ratio of flap length to defect length (r = −0.49, P <. 001). Case series identified 6 children, ages 5 to 17; flap length was never described as a limitation.ConclusionsNasoseptal flap length is not a limiting factor for reconstruction of pediatric sellar defects. When compared with older patients, younger patients tend to have greater nasoseptal flap length relative to sellar defect length.
Influence of different reconstruction parameters in the visualization of intracranial stents using C-arm flat panel CT angiography: experience in an animal model
Authors: Ott Sabine , Struffert Tobias , Saake Marc , Gölitz Philipp , Adamek Edyta , Doerfler Arnd 
Published: February 2015

Background C-arm flat panel computed tomography angiography (CA-CTA) is a relatively new imaging modality. Consequently, knowledge about postprocessing parameters and their influence on image quality is still limited, especially for the visualization of implanted microstents. Purpose To optimize reconstruction parameters by evaluating the influence of these different parameters for CA-CTA visualization of microstents in an animal model. Material and Methods Eleven microstents were implanted within the left common carotid artery of 11 New Zealand white rabbits. Both CA-CTA, using intra-venous delivery of contrast material, and conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed. CA-CTA datasets were reconstructed using three different image characteristics (normal, sharp, smooth). Two experienced neuroradiologists evaluated the image quality and performed measurements of inner and outer stent diameters as well as measurements of the lumen area. Results Stent deployment was performed successfully in all animals. Inter-observer correlation coefficient for all measurements was high (r = 0.87–0.92). Lumen area and inner stent diameter were significantly smaller in image characteristic “smooth” ( P < 0.01) than in “sharp” and “normal”. Outer stent diameter was larger in “smooth” than in “sharp” and “normal” ( P < 0.01). Stent strut size was significantly wider using image characteristic “smooth”. “Sharp” and “normal” compared best to DSA, with “sharp” providing the closest match to DSA measurements, with the trade-off of significantly more noise than in the “normal” reconstructions. Conclusion The use of different image characteristics in the postprocessing of CA-CTA datasets has an influence on the visualization of implanted stents. Image characteristic “sharp” and “normal” compared best to DSA.
An Attachment-Based Description of the Medial Collateral and Spring Ligament Complexes
Authors: Cromeens Barrett P. , Kirchhoff Claire A. , Patterson Rita M. , Motley Travis , Stewart Donald , Fisher Cara , Reeves Rustin E. 
Published: February 2015

Background: Anatomy of the medial collateral and spring ligament complexes has been the cause of confusion. The anatomic description is highly dependent on the source studied and little agreement exists between texts. In addition, inconsistent nomenclature has been used to describe the components. This study attempted to clarify confusion through the creation of a 3D ligament map using attachment-based dissection. Methods: Nine fresh foot and ankle specimens were observed. The medial collateral ligament and spring ligament complexes were dissected using their attachment sites as a guide to define individual components. Each component’s perimeter and thickness was measured and each bony attachment was mapped using a microscribe 3D digitizer. Results: Five components were identified contributing to the ligament complexes of interest: the tibiocalcaneonavicular, superficial posterior tibiotalar, deep posterior tibiotalar, deep anterior tibiotalar, and inferoplantar longitudinal ligaments. The largest component by total attachment area was the tibiocalcaneonavicular ligament followed by the deep posterior tibiotalar ligament. The largest ligament surface area of attachment to the tibia and talus was the deep posterior tibiotalar ligament. The largest attachment to the navicular and calcaneus was the tibiocalcaneonavicular ligament, which appeared to function in holding these bones in proximity while supporting the head of the talus. Conclusion: By defining complex components by their attachment sites, a novel, more functional and reproducible description of the medial collateral and spring ligament complexes was created. Clinical Relevance: The linear measurements and 3D maps may prove useful when attempting more anatomically accurate reconstructions.
Gastrointestinal ischemia monitoring through impedance spectroscopy as a tool for the management of the critically ill
Authors: Beltran Nohra E , Sacristan Emilio 
Published: February 2015

Impedance spectroscopy (IS) has been proposed as a tool for monitoring mucosal tissue ischemia and damage in the gut of critically ill patients resulting from shock and hypoperfusion. A specific device and system have been developed and tested for this specific application over the past 12 years by our research group. This paper reviews previously published studies as well as unpublished experimental results, and puts the whole in context and perspective to help understand this technology. Results presented include summaries of gastric reactance measurement understanding, in vivo measurements in animal models, clinical significance of the measurement, and future perspectives of clinical use of this technology. All of the experimental work done to date has been designed to determine the evolving device prototypes’ performance and limitations from an instrumentation point of view. Although there are still questions to be answered with regard to the IS measurement, we conclude that we have reached enough confidence in the measurement and the device’s performance and safety to begin clinically oriented research to learn how this technology may be useful in the diagnosis and management of different populations of the critically ill.