bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of dental bone remodeling induced by implant‐supported fixed partial denture with or without cantilever extension
Authors: Wang Chao , Li Qing , McClean Colin , Fan Yubo 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe current study aims to evaluate and compare the bony biomechanical response and possible long‐term restorative consequences stemming from the use of two‐unit fixed partial dentures (FPDs) with or without cantilever configuration. The numerical simulations of bone remodeling were performed using an adaptive strain energy density algorithm, which incorporates an overloading bone resorption process. A patient specific 3D finite element model of a maxillary bone with two absent central incisors was constructed on the basis of clinical computed tomography data. Two different implant‐supported two‐unit FPD models were developed. The simulated remodeling results were visualized by examining the variation of apparent bone density. Different bone responses under normal and overload conditions were compared quantitatively and qualitatively between the cantilever and non‐cantilever models. The mechanical stress/strain distributions were also examined. Furthermore, the simulation results were compared with a similar clinical X‐ray image of the implant site. This study revealed that bone resorption due to overloading was more severe in the cortical neck around the implant‐supported cantilever FPD, as compared with the non‐cantilever configuration, which is better for maintaining the overall health of bone tissue. It is expected that such simulation methodology can be helpful in improving longevity and reliability of future dental implants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of power‐saving techniques over a large multi‐use cluster with variable workload
Authors: McGough Andrew Stephen , Forshaw Matthew , Gerrard Clive , Robinson Paul , Wheater Stuart 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYReduction of power consumption for any computer system is now an important issue, although this should be carried out in a manner that is not detrimental to the users of that computer system. We present a number of policies that can be applied to multi‐use clusters where computers are shared between interactive users and high‐throughput computing. We evaluate policies by trace‐driven simulations to determine the effects on power consumed by the high‐throughput workload and impact on high‐throughput users. We further evaluate these policies for higher workloads by synthetically generating workloads based around the profiled workload observed through our system. We demonstrate that these policies could save 55% of the currently used energy for our high‐throughput jobs over our current cluster policies without affecting the high‐throughput users’ experience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient support for in‐place metadata in Java software transactional memory
Authors: Dias Ricardo J. , Vale Tiago M. , Lourenço João M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYSoftware transactional memory (STM) algorithms associate metadata with the memory locations accessed during a transaction's lifetime. This metadata may be stored in an external table by resorting to a mapping function that associates the address of a memory cell with the table entry containing the corresponding metadata (out‐place or external strategy). Alternatively, the metadata may be stored adjacent to the associated memory cell by wrapping the cell and metadata together (in‐place strategy). The implementation techniques to support these two approaches are very different and each STM framework is usually biased towards one of them, only allowing the efficient implementation of STM algorithms which suit one of the approaches and inhibiting a fair comparison with STM algorithms suiting the other. In this paper, we introduce a technique to implement in‐place metadata that does not wrap memory cells, thus overcoming the bias and allowing STM algorithms to directly access the transactional metadata. The proposed technique is available as an extension to Deuce and enables the efficient implementation of a wide range of STM algorithms and their fair (unbiased) comparison in a common STM framework. We illustrate the benefits of our approach by analyzing its impact in two popular transactional memory algorithms with several transactional workloads, TL2 and multiversioning, each befitting out‐place and in‐place, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐Independent Hole Mobility of a Smectic Liquid‐Crystalline Semiconductor based on Band‐Like Conduction
Authors: Funahashi Masahiro , Ishii Tomohiko , Sonoda Akinari 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA liquid‐crystalline (LC) phenylterthiophene derivative, which exhibited an ordered smectic phase at room temperature, was purified by vacuum sublimation under a flow of nitrogen. During the sublimation process, thin plates with sizes of 1 mm grew on the surface of the vacuum tube. The crystals exhibited the same X‐ray diffraction patterns as the ordered smectic phase of the LC state that was formed through a conventional recrystallization process by using organic solvents. Because of the removal of chemical impurities, the hole mobility in the ordered smectic phase of the vacuum‐grown thin plates increased to 1.2×10−1 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature, whereas that of the LC precipitates was 7×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1. The hole mobility in the ordered smectic phase of the vacuum‐sublimated sample was temperature‐independent between 400 and 220 K. The electric‐field dependence of the hole mobility was also very small within this temperature range. The temperature dependence of hole mobility was well‐described by the Hoesterey–Letson model. The hole‐transport characteristics indicate that band‐like conduction affected by the localized states, rather than a charge‐carrier‐hopping mechanism, is a valid mechanism for hole transport in an ordered smectic phase.
Highly Efficient Singlet–Singlet Energy Transfer in Light‐Harvesting [60,70]Fullerene–4‐Amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide Dyads
Authors: Remón Patricia , Parente Carvalho Cátia , Baleizão Carlos , Berberan‐Santos Mario Nuno , Pischel Uwe 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNew C60 and C70 fullerene dyads formed with 4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide chromophores have been prepared by the Bingel cyclopropanation reaction. The resulting monoadducts were investigated with respect to their fluorescence properties (quantum yields and lifetimes) to unravel the role of the charge‐transfer naphthalimide chromophore as a light‐absorbing antenna and excited‐singlet‐state sensitizer of fullerenes. The underlying intramolecular singlet–singlet energy transfer (EnT) process was fully characterized and found to proceed quantitatively (ΦEnT≈1) for all dyads. Thus, these conjugates are of considerable interest for applications in which fullerene excited states have to be created and photonic energy loss should be minimized. In polar solvents (tetrahydrofuran and benzonitrile), fluorescence quenching of the fullerene by electron transfer from the ground‐state aminonaphthalimide was postulated as an additional path.
Teaching Conflict Resolution: A Model for Student Research in Cyprus
Authors: Reilly David 
Published: July 2013

AbstractField‐based experiential learning is an effective way to introduce alternative dispute resolution concepts. This article presents a model of field‐based learning in Cyprus that integrates concepts of conflict resolution with real‐world experiences. Through this process, students learn to assess the effectiveness of conflict resolution strategies and to research, analyze, and report on conflict processes and their resolution. Although the model is based on a course in Cyprus, the example and course model are applicable to other locations and other conflicts.
A cost‐effective PWM dimming method for LED lighting applications
Authors: Chiu Huang‐Jen , Lo Yu‐Kang , Lin Yu‐Liang , Jane Gwan‐Chi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a novel cost‐effective pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) dimming method for light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting applications. High efficiency, high power factor, circuit simplicity, and low cost can be achieved by a Flyback power factor correction converter with the studied adaptive PWM dimming method. The operation principles and design considerations of the proposed LED dimming method are analyzed and discussed. A 45 W laboratory prototype has been built and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salivary cytokines in healthy adolescent girls: Intercorrelations, stability, and associations with serum cytokines, age, and pubertal stage
Authors: Riis Jenna L. , Out Dorothee , Dorn Lorah D. , Beal Sarah J. , Denson Lee A. , Pabst Stephanie , Jaedicke Katrin , Granger Douglas A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTTheoretically, the measurement of cytokines in saliva may have utility for studies of brain, behavior, and immunity in youth. Cytokines in saliva and serum were analyzed across three annual assessments in healthy adolescent girls (N = 114, 11–17 years at enrollment). Samples were assayed for GM‐CSF, IFNγ, IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, TNFα, adiponectin, and cotinine. Results revealed: (1) cytokine levels, except IFNγ and IL‐10, were detectable in saliva, and salivary levels, except IL‐8 and IL‐1β, were lower than serum levels; (2) salivary cytokine levels were lower in older girls and positively associated with adiponectin; (3) compared to serum levels, the correlations between salivary cytokines were higher, but salivary cytokines were less stable across years; and (4) except for IL‐1β, there were no significant serum–saliva associations. Variation in basal salivary cytokine levels in healthy adolescent girls reflect compartmentalized activity of the oral mucosal immune system, rather than systemic cytokine activity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 797–811, 2014.
Advanced Open‐Chain Nitramines as Energetic Materials: Heterocyclic‐Substituted 1,3‐Dichloro‐2‐nitrazapropane
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Penger Alexander , Pflüger Carolin , Stierstorfer Jörg , Sućeska Muhamed 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThere are great demands to develop explosives with higher performance accompanied by reduced sensitivities towards external stimuli, higher thermal stability and improved environmental acceptability. This contribution presents modified nitramines, which were investigated by nucleophilic substitution reactions of potassium salts of 5‐amino‐3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazole, 3,5‐dinitro‐1,2,4‐triazole, 3,5‐dinitroimidazole, 2,4‐dinitroimidazole, 4‐amino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazole, 3,5‐dinitropyrazole, 3,4‐dinitropyrazole and 3,4,5‐trinitropyrazole on 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐nitrazapropane. The energetic compounds were comprehensively characterized and their detonation parameters were calculated by the EXPLO5 code. Heats of formation were calculated by the atomization method using CBS‐4M electronic enthalpies. The presented compounds show detonation performances comparable to pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). In addition, they possess high thermal stabilities and low sensitivities, which make them interesting for further investigations and possible applications as insensitive, high‐energy dense materials.
Synthesis and Coordination of the Cagelike Siloxane Compounds E2{(SiMe2)2O}3 (E = As, Sb, Bi)
Authors: Bimbös Christian , Jost Maximilian , von Hänisch Carsten , Harms Klaus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe cage compounds [E2{(SiMe2)2O}3] for E = P, As, Sb, and Bi (1, 4, 5, and 6, respectively) are readily accessible in moderate yields by the reaction of Na3E (for E = P, As, Sb, Bi) or [Li(dme)EH2] (for E = P, As; dme = dimethoxyethane) with 1,3‐dichloro‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane. These compounds were isolated and characterized by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. The major structural parameters such as the E–Si bond length and the Si–E–Si angles are discussed and compared with those of similar compounds. The small Si–E–Si angles in these compounds are attributable to steric and electronic reasons. Further, the R3M–E[(SiMe2)2O]3E–MR3 (M = Al, E = As, Sb; M = Ga, E = Sb) Lewis acid–base adducts were formed as well as the W(CO)5 adduct of compound 1 and a heteroleptic Na[Al(ORF)4] (RF = C(CF3)3) adduct with 4 to investigate the coordination properties of the cage compounds. The structural changes caused by coordination follow the Haaland model, which gives qualitative information on the adduct stability. The assumptions made by the Haaland model are valid for a versatile set of Lewis acids. To investigate coordination on the inside of the cage, a reaction of 4 with Li[Al(ORF)4] was performed to yield a new dimeric ligand of the constitution As4[(SiMe2)2O]6.
Mechanistic Aspects of Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Organometallic Iridium Complexes
Authors: Savini Arianna , Bucci Alberto , Bellachioma Gianfranco , Rocchigiani Luca , Zuccaccia Cristiano , Llobet Antoni , Macchioni Alceo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe reactions of three iridium water‐oxidation catalysts {[Cp*IrL1L2L3]Xn; 1: L1, L2 = 2,2‐bipyridine (bpy), L3 = Cl, n = 1, X = Cl; 2: L1, L2 = 2‐benzoylpyridine (bzpy), L3 = NO3; 3: L1 = L2 = L3 = H2O, n = 2, X = NO3; Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl} with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and NaIO4 (sacrificial oxidants, SOs) have been studied by Clark electrode measurements (both in solution and in the gas phase), on‐line mass spectrometry, manometry and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry has been applied to evaluate the relative tendency of 1 and 2 to be oxidized. The turnover frequency (TOF) increases as the ratio (R) between the concentration of the SO and that of the catalyst increases. O2 production with CAN is observed in experiments with R = 20 for 1 and 3, whereas O2 becomes detectable with 2 only when R = 40. Catalyst 2 has the highest tendency to be oxidized to IrIV and forms a blue intermediate I characterized by a UV/Vis band at 574 nm. The formation of I occurs with the same velocity as that of the production of O2, which indicates that I is a species directly involved in the catalytic cycle. The disappearance of I, when O2 evolution is finished, is a second‐order process more than one order of magnitude slower than O2 production and is strongly accelerated by the presence of benzyl alcohol. This suggests that I is a molecular species that slowly undergoes disproportion when catalysis is over. Experiments in which multiple aliquots of SO (CAN) were added (R = 20 and 40) indicate that catalysts 1–3 can reinitiate the catalytic cycle once they have been kept in a dormant state for 0–9 min; the TOFs of the second and third additions are approximately equal and higher than that of the first addition. By combining manometry and on‐line mass spectrometry measurements, it was found that O2 evolution is parallel to the production of a small amount of CO2 owing to catalyst degradation. The TOFs of the experiments performed with NaIO4 as the SO are about 2–3 times lower than those with CAN, but the same reactivity order is found 3 > 2 > 1. The activation parameters were evaluated with NaIO4 for all catalysts and with CAN for 2 at 10–45 °C. ΔG# is practically the same in all situations (25–26 kcal mol–1), whereas ΔH# is appreciably lower for 2 (13.1 kcal mol–1 with CAN and 13.3 kcal mol–1 with NaIO4) than for 1 (16 kcal mol–1) and 3 (16.9 kcal mol–1). The lowest enthalpic cost with 2 is balanced by the highest entropic cost (–41 cal mol–1 K–1) that approaches that typical for an associative bimolecular process.
Copper(II) Complexes of N,N‐Diisopropylpicolinamide – Solvatochromic and Thermochromic Phase Change of a Monomeric Complex to a Ferromagnetically Coupled Dimeric Complex
Authors: Lumb Isha , Hundal Maninder Singh , Corbella Montserrat , Gómez Verónica , Hundal Geeta 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of mononuclear [Cu(L)2(Cl)2] (1), dinuclear [{CuCl(L)}2(μ‐Cl)2] (2), and another mononuclear complex [Cu(L)2(ClO4)2] (3) with a bidentate N,N‐diisopropylpicolinamide ligand (abbreviated L) are described. Complexes 1 and 2 were obtained from the same reaction mixture and show thermo‐ and solvatochromic behavior. Complex 1 shows irreversible thermochromism by changing into 2 upon heating at 160 °C. These two complexes also show solvatochromism in various solvents. The coordination geometry of the metal ions in 1 and 3 is distorted octahedral, whereas 2 has CuII ions in a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements for the dinuclear copper complex show a ferromagnetic interaction between the CuII ions. The chromotropism has been attributed to a change in geometry from octahedral with terminal chloride ligands to a distorted square‐pyramidal coordination with bridging chloride ions.
Phosphorescent Square‐Planar Platinum(II) Complexes of 1,3‐Bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindoline with a Monodentate Strong‐Field Ligand
Authors: Wen Hu‐Min , Wang Jin‐Yun , Li Bin , Zhang Li‐Yi , Chen Chang‐Neng , Chen Zhong‐Ning 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of platinum(II) complexes bearing 1,3‐bis(2‐pyridylimino)isoindoline (BPI) derivatives as ligand have been prepared by substitution of the coordinated Cl in precursors [Pt(L)Cl] [L = L1 (1), L2 (2), L3 (3)] by a monodentate strong‐field ligand such as CN–, CN‐cyclohexyl, PPh3, NCS–, PhS–, or N(CN)2–. Most of these compounds display orange‐to‐red luminescence in both the solid state and solution at ambient temperature. Compared with precursors 1–3, both low‐energy absorption and emission bands in ligand‐substituted platinum(II) complexes 4–13 exhibit distinct blueshifts. The emission of platinum(II) complexes with CN‐containing monodentate ligands shows progressive blueshifts with increasing ligand field strength: 609 (10, NCS–) → 603 [12, N(CN)2–] → 590 (4, CN–) → 581 nm (7, C≡N‐cyclohexyl). The emission of complexes 4–9 originates mainly from the 3[π → π*(BPI)] 3IL triplet excited state, mixed with some 3[dπ(Pt) → π*(BPI)] 3MLCT character. In contrast, the emission of 10–13 arises from a clearly increased 3[π(L) → π*(BPI)] 3LLCT state with reduced 3[π → π*(BPI)] 3IL and 3[5d(Pt) → π*(BPI)] 3MLCT character. Noticeably, dicyanamido‐linked dinuclear complex 13 displays a significant ligand–ligand electronic interaction between the two BPI across the Pt–N≡C–N–C≡N–Pt bridge with remarkable LLCT character from one BPI to the other.
One‐Pot Enol Silane Formation/Mukaiyama–Mannich Addition of Ketones, Amides, and Thioesters to Nitrones in the Presence of Trialkylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonates
Authors: Downey C. Wade , Dombrowski Carolyn M. , Maxwell Erin N. , Safran Chelsea L. , Akomah Odamea A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractKetones, amides, and thioesters form enol silanes and add to N‐phenylnitrones in one pot in the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate and trialkylamine. The reaction is general to a range of silyl trifluoromethanesulfonates and N‐phenylnitrones. The β‐(silyloxy)amino carbonyl products are stable to chromatography and can be isolated in 63–99 % yield.
Zinc/Iron‐Mediated Ring Opening of Dibromocyclopropanes for In Situ Diels–Alder Reactions with Electron‐Deficient Aldehydes and Imines
Authors: Pünner Florian , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDibromocyclopropanes can be ring‐opened by utilizing zinc dibromide in catalytic amounts and iron powder in substoichiometric amounts. The presence of the carbonyl group of aldehydes, ketones, glyoxylic esters, or imines is necessary for the ring‐opening reaction. The ring opening leads to a bromo‐functionalized 1,3‐diene, which then reacts in situ with the carbonyl group in a hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction. The products are formed with high control of the regiochemistry and in good yields for electron‐deficient aldehydes and imines, such as carbamates. The application of (E)‐ethyl 2‐(methoxycarbonylimino)acetate led to a cyclic α‐amino acid derivative. The use of unsymmetrical dibromo‐ and dihalocyclopropanes is also reported.
Chemometric Strategies to Develop a Nanocomposite Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and Uric Acid
Authors: de Pieri Troiani Estela , Rodrigues Pereira‐Filho Edenir , Censi Faria Ronaldo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA simple and sensitive method for simultaneously measuring dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), and uric acid (UA) using a poly(1‐aminoanthracene) and carbon nanotubes nanocomposite electrode is presented. The experimental parameters for composite film synthesis as well as the variables related to simultaneous determination of DA, AA, and UA were optimized at the same time using fractional factorial and Doehlert designs. The use of carbon nanotubes and poly(1‐aminoanthracene) in association with a cathodic pretreatment led to three well‐defined oxidation peaks at potentials around −0.039, 0.180 and 0.351 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. Using differential pulse voltammetry, calibration curves for AA, DA, and UA were obtained over the range of 0.16–3.12×10−3 mol L−1, 3.54–136×10−6 mol L−1, and 0.76–2.92×10−3 mol L−1, with detection limits of 3.95×10−5 mol L−1, 2.90×10−7 mol L−1, and 4.22×10−5 mol L−1, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine DA, AA, and UA in biological samples with good results.
Comparison of fundamental properties of new types of fiber‐mesh‐reinforced seismic isolators with conventional isolators
Authors: Karimzadeh Naghshineh Ali , Akyüz Uğurhan , Caner Alp 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYNew types of fiber‐reinforced rubber‐based seismic isolators have been a research interest for a number of engineers in the past decade. These new types of isolators can have similar seismic performances compared with the conventional ones. In most of the previous researches, the fiber‐reinforced rubber‐based isolators is usually manufactured with placing fiber sheets between precut rubber layers with the use of a bonding agent. This research differs from the previous researches in terms of manufacturing process, use of fiber mesh instead of fiber sheets, and use of lead in the core for some of the bearings. The aim of this research is to provide comparisons in fundamental seismic response properties of the new type of fiber mesh reinforced isolators and conventional isolators. In this scope, four pairs of fiber mesh reinforced elastomeric bearings and four pairs of steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings are subjected to various levels of compression stresses and cyclic shear strains under constant vertical pressure. The tested types of isolators are fiber mesh reinforced elastomeric bearing, fiber mesh reinforced elastomeric bearing with lead core, steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings, and steel‐reinforced elastomeric bearings with lead core. In this research, steel‐reinforced bearings are called conventional isolators. The major advantage for fiber mesh reinforced bearings observed during the tests is that these isolators can develop a considerable low horizontal stiffness compared with the conventional isolators. The damping characteristics of the new and conventional types are similar to each other. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.