bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CT‐based medina classification in coronary bifurcations: Does the lumen assessment provide sufficient information?
Authors: Papadopoulou Stella‐Lida , Girasis Chrysafios , Gijsen Frank J. , Rossi Alexia , Ottema Jade , van der Giessen Alina G. , Schuurbiers Johan C. , Garcia‐Garcia Hector M. , de Feyter Pim J. , Wentzel Jolanda J. 
Published: March 2014

AimsTo evaluate the distribution of atherosclerosis at bifurcations with computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) and propose a novel CT‐Medina classification for bifurcation lesions.MethodsIn 26 patients (age 55 ± 10 years, 81% male) imaged with CTCA, 39 bifurcations were studied. The bifurcations analysis included the proximal main vessel, the distal main vessel and the side branch (SB). Plaque contours were manually traced on CTCA; the lumen, vessel and plaque area were measured, as well as plaque burden (%). The carina cross‐sections were divided into four equal parts according to the expected wall shear stress (WSS) to assess circumferential plaque distribution. All the bifurcation lesions were classified using the Medina classification and a novel CT‐Medina classification combining lumen narrowing and plaque burden ≥70%.ResultsPresence of severe plaque (plaque burden ≥70%) by CTCA was demonstrated in 12.8% (5/39) of the proximal segments, 15.4% (6/39) of the distal segments and 7.7% (3/39) of the SB segments. The thickest plaque was located more often in low WSS parts of the carina cross‐sections, whereas the flow divider was rarely affected. Although in the majority of bifurcations plaque was present, based on the Medina classification 92% of the assessed bifurcations were identified as 0,0,0. Characterization of bifurcation lesions using the new CT‐Medina classification provided additional information in seven cases (18%) compared to the Medina classificationConclusionAtherosclerotic plaque is widely present in all bifurcation segments, even in the absence of coronary lumen stenosis. A CT‐Medina classification combining lumen and plaque parameters is more informative than angiographic classification of bifurcation lesions and could potentially facilitate the decision‐making on the treatment of these lesions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A longitudinal test of impulsivity and depression pathways to early binge eating onset
Authors: Pearson Carolyn M. , Zapolski Tamika C.B. , Smith Gregory T. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe very early engagement in bulimic behaviors, such as binge eating, may be influenced by factors that dispose individuals to impulsive action as well as by factors that dispose individuals to depressive symptomatology. Using a longitudinal design, we conducted the first test of the simultaneous operation of both risk factors as children transition from elementary to middle school.MethodIn a sample of 1,906 children, we assessed risk for impulsive action (negative urgency, which is the tendency to act rashly when distressed, and eating expectancies, which are learned anticipations that eating will alleviate negative mood) and risk for depression (negative affect and depressive symptomatology) and binge eating behavior at three time points using a longitudinal design: the end of fifth grade (last year of elementary school: T0), the beginning of sixth grade (first year of middle school: T1), and the end of sixth grade (T2).ResultsBoth the impulsive action and depression pathways predicted very early engagement in binge eating: each accounted for variance beyond the other. Mediation tests found that T1 eating expectancies mediated the predictive influence of T0 negative urgency on T2 binge eating (z = 2.45, p < .01) and that T1 depressive symptoms mediated the influence of T0 negative affect on T2 binge eating (z = 2.04, p < .05).DiscussionIn children, elevated levels of both negative urgency and negative affect predict early binge eating. This finding has important clinical implications because there are different interventions for the two different risk processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:230–237)
Examination of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale and its relation to disordered eating in a young female sample
Authors: Cooper Jane L. , O'Shea Anne E. , Atkinson Melissa J. , Wade Tracey D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveDifficulties with emotion regulation is considered an important maintaining factor of disordered eating. One of the most commonly used measures of this construct is the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The aim of this study was to explore the factor structure of this measure in young females and to examine its reliability and validity with respect to disordered eating.MethodFemales aged 17–25 years (M age = 19.6 years, N = 486) were examined in the analyses. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted followed by regression analyses examining the DERS subscales as predictors of eating disorder severity and disordered eating behaviors.ResultsThe original 6‐factor 36‐item model did not fit well and analyses indicated a 6‐factor 30‐item solution was a more suitable fit for our population. Validity and reliability of the 30‐item solution were found to be acceptable. Regression analyses also indicated the 36‐ and 30‐item models were able to adequately predict eating disorder severity and disordered eating behaviors with the “Awareness” and “Goals” subscales being predictors of the former, and the “Impulsivity” subscale being a significant predictor of the latter.DiscussionThe overall findings suggest that an abbreviated version of the DERS might be more appropriate than the original version with young females and that this measure exhibits stronger relationships with eating disorder severity and disordered eating behaviors than the longer version. Further examinations of the psychometric properties of the DERS with clinical populations are indicated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:630–639)
Suppression of MicroRNA‐203 improves survival of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through enhancing PI3K‐induced cellular activation
Authors: Liu Tao , Fu Nan‐Nan , Song Hong‐Li , Wang Yu‐Liang , Wu Ben‐Juan , Shen Zhong‐Yang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAs a group of heterogeneous multipotent cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential in treatment of a variety of clinical diseases. However, the low survival of the transplanted MSCs reduced their therapeutic effects. In this study, we revealed that rno‐miR‐203 suppressed activity and colony formation and enhanced apoptosis of the rat bone marrow‐derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs). Using bioinformatics analysis, we found a potential miR‐203 binding site within rat phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) 3′UTR, and fluorescent reporter experiments validated the direct and negative regulation of PI3K expression by miR‐203 through this site. Ectopic expression of PI3K rescued BM‐MSCs from depressed activity induced by miR‐203, and suppression of PI3K attenuated the increased BM‐MSCs activity by miR‐203 inhibitor treatment. Moreover, miR‐203 blocking partly protected BM‐MSCs from impairment caused by low nutrition. We conclude that inhibition of endogenous miR‐203 elevated PI3K expression, which may strengthen PI3K/Akt pathway and promote BM‐MSCs activity and survival. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(3):220–227, 2014
Reduction of arterial partial volume effects for improved absolute quantification of DSC‐MRI perfusion estimates: Comparison between tail scaling and prebolus administration
Authors: Knutsson Linda , Lindgren Emelie , Ahlgren André , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Markenroth Bloch Karin , Surova Yulia , Ståhlberg Freddy , van Westen Danielle , Wirestam Ronnie 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo evaluate and mutually compare the tail‐scaling approach and the prebolus administration concept for reduction of arterial partial volume effects (PVEs), because reproducible absolute quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) by dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often hampered by PVEs in the arterial input function (AIF) registration.Materials and MethodsTwenty healthy volunteers were scanned in a test–retest study with 7–20 days between investigations to examine the quantitative values and the repeatability of CBF estimates obtained from the tail‐scaling and the prebolus administration approaches.ResultsAverage grey matter CBF was 80 ± 18 mL/100 g/min (mean ± SD) using tail‐scaling and 56 ± 18 mL/100 g/min using prebolus administration. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.52 for the tail‐scaling approach and 0.86 for the prebolus administration concept.ConclusionBoth correction methods resulted in considerably reduced arterial PVEs, leading to quantitative estimates of perfusion approaching those typically obtained by other perfusion modalities. The CBF estimates obtained using the prebolus administration concept showed superior repeatability. Potential sources of uncertainty in the tail‐scaling approach include the use of venous concentration curves influenced by PVEs or by geometric distortions (ie, vessel pixel shifts) in the steady‐state period. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:903–908. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motivation to Pursue Genetic Testing in Individuals with a Personal or Family History of Cardiac Events or Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Erskine Kathleen E. , Hidayatallah Nadia Z. , Walsh Christine A. , McDonald Thomas V. , Cohen Lilian , Marion Robert W. , Dolan Siobhan M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGenetic testing is becoming increasingly available for cardiac channelopathies, such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Test results can be used to shape an individual's medical management and to identify at‐risk family members. In our qualitative study, all participants had a personal or family history of a diagnosed cardiac arrhythmia syndrome or sudden cardiac death. Open‐ended interviews were conducted individually and in focus groups. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a qualitative grounded‐theory approach. Of 50 participants, 37 described their motivations for pursuing genetic testing for long QT syndrome or another cardiac channelopathy. Participants’ motivations included: to find an explanation for a family member's sudden death, to relieve uncertainty regarding a diagnosis, to guide future medical management, to allay concern about children or other family members, and to comply with recommendations of physicians or family members. Perceived reasons not to pursue genetic testing included denial, fear, and lack of information. The genetic counseling and informed consent process can be enhanced by understanding and addressing an individual's internal and external motivations either for or against pursuing genetic testing.
PCSK9 is Present in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and is Maintained at Remarkably Constant Concentrations Throughout the Course of the Day
Authors: Chen Yan Q. , Troutt Jason S. , Konrad Robert J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractProprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PCSK9 is secreted by the liver and binds the hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor, causing its subsequent degradation. PCSK9 has also been shown to regulate the levels of additional membrane‐bound proteins in vitro, including very low‐density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein E receptor 2, and beta‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1, which are highly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) and have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have demonstrated that human circulating PCSK9 displays a diurnal rhythm. Currently, little is known about PCSK9 levels in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In the present study, we measured PCSK9 concentrations in both serum and CSF collected from healthy human subjects at multiple time points throughout the day. While PCSK9 in serum manifested a distinct diurnal pattern, CSF PCSK9 levels were remarkably constant throughout the course of the day and were also consistently lower than corresponding serum PCSK9 concentrations. Our results indicate that regulation of PCSK9 in human CSF may be different than for plasma PCSK9, suggesting that further study of the role of PCSK9 in the CNS is warranted.
What is Asia for Us and Can We Be Asians? The New Asianism in Contemporary Japan
Authors: AVENELL SIMON 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper traces the development of the ‘New Asianism’ in Japan over the past quarter of a century. It identifies three broad trajectories or normative positions in the debate: those advocating the replication of a Japanese model in Asia, those in favour of a genuine community of equals, and those who see Asia as the only future for Japan and as a solution for the country's economic and social problems. The paper argues that the evolution and shifting prominence of each trajectory over time is indicative of the ways globalization and regionalization are impinging on imaginations of the nation and facilitating novel perspectives on East Asia in Japan. Although the nation-state is, and will probably remain, an important force behind Japan's relations in Asia for the foreseeable future, the New Asianism may be indicative of its gradual relativization and the beginning of a new, more multidimensional understanding of Asia in Japan.
There are no good objections to substance dualism
Authors: Rodrigues José Gusmão 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article aims to review the standard objections to dualism and to argue that either they will fail to convince someone committed to dualism or are flawed on independent grounds. I begin by presenting the taxonomy of metaphysical positions on concrete particulars as they relate to the dispute between materialists and dualists, and in particular substance dualism is defined. In the first section, several kinds of substance dualism are distinguished and the relevant varieties of this kind of dualism are selected. The remaining sections are analyses of the standard objections to substance dualism: It is uninformative, has troubles accounting for soul individuation, causal pairing and interaction, violates laws of physics, is made implausible by the development of neuroscience and it postulates entities beyond necessity. I conclude that none of these objections is successful.
Changing Nature: Union Discourse and the Fermi Atomic Power Plant
Authors: Southern Jacquelyn 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first known grassroots protest against nuclear power was organized by industrial unions: the United Auto Workers, the International Union of Electrical Workers, and the United Papermakers and Paperworkers. InPower Reactor, a landmark case begun in 1956 and pursued all the way to the Supreme Court (where it was lost in 1961), these unions tried to prevent construction of the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant, a fast breeder reactor, outside Detroit. However, their action has been interpreted as not truly environmental at all, but rather as merely a smokescreen for their opposition to commercially developed atomic power; at that time they were identified with support for public power, which was under assault by the Republican party. Attending to union discourses of nature reveals the case to have marked a pioneering turn from a conservation to environmental discourse of nature.
Letter from China. Environmental and Labor Change in China: Victims Become the Agents of Change
Authors: Pandita Sanjiv 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe article is a first hand account of the reunion of the survivors of the Zhili Factory Fire in January 2013 nearly twenty years after the fire took place in 2003 in Shenzhen China and killed more than eighty-eight workers. The article highlights how one of the survivors has transformed from a helpless victim to an active organizer. In rapidly changing China, where millions of workers face new challenges especially due to exposure to hazardous substances, this article depicts how leadership from victims is driving change.
Diel nitrogen fixation pattern of Trichodesmium: the interactive control of light and Ni
Authors: Rodriguez Irene B. , Ho Tung-Yuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTrichodesmium, a nonheterocystous cyanobacterium widely abundant in the surface water of the tropical and subtropical ocean, fixes dinitrogen under high light conditions while concurrently undergoing photosynthesis. The new production considerably influences the cycling of nitrogen and carbon in the ocean. Here, we investigated how light intensity and nickel (Ni) availability interplay to control daily rates and diel patterns of N2 fixation in Trichodesmium. We found that increasing Ni concentration increased N2 fixation rates by up to 30-fold in the high light treatment. Cultures subjected to high Ni and light levels fixed nitrogen throughout most of the 24 H light:dark regime with the highest rate coinciding with the end of the 12 H light period. Our study demonstrates the importance of Ni on nitrogen fixation rates for Trichodesmium under high light conditions.
High‐definition television transmission at 600 GHz combining THz photonics hotspot and high‐sensitivity heterodyne receiver
Authors: Ducournau G. , Pavanello F. , Beck A. , Tohme L. , Blin S. , Nouvel P. , Peytavit E. , Zaknoune M. , Szriftgiser P. , Lampin J.F. 
Published: March 2014

A 600 GHz data transmission using the combination of a photonic emission using a uni‐travelling carrier photodiode and an electronic detection is investigated. A high‐definition television transmission at this carrier frequency with a very low power at the receiver is reported. Only 10 nW of terahertz (THz) power at 600 GHz was sufficient to ensure a successful high‐definition video transmission. This combination of photonics at emission and heterodyne detection lead to achieving THz wireless links with a safe level of electromagnetic exposure.
Vivaldi antenna with reduced RCS using half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide
Authors: Jia Yongtao , Liu Ying , Hao Yuwen , Gong Shuxi 
Published: March 2014

A bilateral Vivaldi antenna with reduced radar cross‐section (RCS) is presented. A half‐mode substrate integrated waveguide structure is first utilised in the low RCS Vivaldi antenna design. Compared with traditional antenna, the monostatic RCS of the proposed antenna can be reduced to as much as 24 dB without degradation of antenna performance.
Synthesis and characterisation of AlB2 nanopowders by solid state reaction
Authors: Jiang Chunmei , Ma Yongjun , Zhao Fengqi , Wei Lun , Zhang Heng , Pei Chonghua 
Published: March 2014

A simple and effective way for preparing AlB2 nanopowders was developed using solid state reaction with a mixture of nanometre‐sized powders of aluminium and amorphous boron. The optimum synthesis conditions and the structural characteristics of the products were carefully investigated by means of X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The best result was obtained at a synthesis temperature of 900°C for 2 h with a molar ratio of 1:1.8. The obtained AlB2 nanopowders consisted of numerous anomalous spherical particles with the grain size ranging from 100 to 200 nm. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the combustion characteristics of the as‐prepared AlB2 nanopowders were better than that of the commercial AlB2 powder under the same condition.
Plagiarism
Authors: Turell M. Teresa 
Published: March 2014

The negative connotations of plagiarism as an illegal appropriation of ideas are based on the concept of Intellectual Property. Although Intellectual Property Laws in most countries around the world are specific as to the characterisation of plagiarism as an offence, the extent of plagiarism litigation varies enormously and this variation has a lot to do with the way writers, whose texts are plagiarised, and plagiarists themselves, view the act of being plagiarised or the act of plagiarising somebody else’s text. In countries which fall within the Common Law tradition such as the United Sates, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, plagiarism litigation is extensive and there is a regular offer of linguistic expertise to solve plagiarism disputes. In countries within the Civil Law tradition, like Spain, for example, linguists are still rarely called upon as expert witnesses in plagiarism cases.
Plagiarism is multidimensional, as is proved in the number of areas of knowledge affected by it (including literature in all its forms: essay, novel, theatre, poetry), the settings and activities in which it occurs (education, translation), and the contexts in which it is produced (for example, the scope of plagiarism on the Internet is twofold since one can plagiarise directly from the web or use the web as a method to detect plagiarism). As expert witnesses, linguists are frequently asked to give evidence in court to help to decide cases of plagiarism of ideas, linguistic plagiarism, or both. In the first case, the distinction between author’s rights and copyright may be useful, because these two concepts and terms are used differently in different judicial systems. In the second case, it may be important for linguists to come up with theoretical and methodological proposals that help them as legal consultants to find linguistic markers and discourse strategies that will be decisive in plagiarism detection, as well as in establishing prima facie cases. As in any other forensic linguistics contexts, plagiarism is an area where the need to incorporate internal and external validity to the experts’ findings is strongly felt. When giving opinions in court, it has been proven that both qualitative and quantitative approaches to plagiarism detection are valid and complementary, and also that both semantically and statistically expressed opinions may be necessary.
Distance between languages as measured by the minimal-entropy model
Authors: Jakopin Primoz 
Published: March 2014

In this paper, a language model, based on probabilities of text n-grams, is used as a measure of distance between Slovenian and 15 other European languages. During the construction of the model, a Huffman tree is generated from all the n-grams (n=1 to 32, frequency 2 or more) in the training corpus of Slovenian literary texts (2.7 million words), and appropriate Huffman codes are computed for every leaf in the tree. To apply the model to a new text sample, it is cut into n-grams (1–32) in such a way that the sum of model Huffman code lengths for all the obtained n-grams of new text is minimal.
The above model, applied to all (16) translations of Plato's Republic from the TELRI CD ROM, produced the following language order (average coding length in bits per character): Slovenian (2,37), Serbocroatian (3,77), Croatian (3,84), Bulgarian (3,96), Czech (4,10), Polish (4,32), Russian (4,46), Slovak (4,46), Latvian (4,74), Lithuanian (4,94), English (5,40), French (5,67), German (5,69), Romanian (5,76), Finnish (6,11), and Hungarian (6,47).