bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trace metal distributions in Posidonia oceanica and sediments from Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy)
Authors: DI LEO A. , ANNICCHIARICO C. , CARDELLICCHIO N. , SPADA L. , GIANDOMENICO S. 
Published: May 2013

Distribution of metals (Hg, Pb, Sn, Cu, Cd and Zn) was determined in sediments and in different tissues of Posidonia oceanica collected from San Pietro Island, Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). In seagrass, results, compared with metal concentrations in sediments, showed that the highest concentrations of Hg, Pb, Sn and Cu were found in the roots, while in the green leaves were found the highest levels of Cd and Zn. Instead the lowest metal concentrations were found in the basal part of the leaf. Levels of metals in the leaves were similar to those found by other authors in uncontaminated areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Mercury levels in roots were correlated to levels in sediments. This could demonstrate the plant memorizes sediments contamination . This study reinforces the usefulness and the relevance of Posidonia oceanica as an indicator of spatial metal contamination and an interesting tool for environmental quality evaluation.
Crystal growth of KPb2Cl5 by Bridgeman method with pressure control system
Authors: Cheng Gang , Meng Xiuqing , Shan Dong 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
⊙15 mm Single crystals of potassium lead chloride (KPb2Cl5) have been grown by a novel modified Bridgman method under protect of N2 and CCl4 with a pressure control system. It could make vacuum or protect atmosphere according to the need of raw materials composition and crystals growth. So the process of preparation of crystal would be simplified. Measurements of the transmission of crystal in the mid-infrared were also made.
High-Throughput Optical Screening of Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications – Review and Present Developments
Authors: Stöwe Klaus , Dogan Cennet , Welsch Frank , Maier Wilhelm F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper on high-throughput optical screening for the discovery and optimization of electrocalatysts for potential application in polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cells the present state-of-the-art in literature is reviewed focussing on non-optical and optical fast serial, semi-parallel or truly parallel screening techniques as well as actual improvements of the fluorescence based testing method to a semi-quantitative or even quantitative method are described. The modifications of the method are concerning hindrance of fluorescing colorant interdiffusion, optimization of system parameters concerning colorant, electrolyte and other measurement components, and application of correction procedures. With fluorescence based setups especially adapted to both anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions methanol oxidation as well as oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts have been screened. By iteratively passing through high-throughput optimization workflows several hundreds of precious metal-free as well as Pt containing compositions were synthesized, tested and validated by conventional cyclovoltammetric measurements. For electrocatalysts to oxidize methanol on the anodic side of the fuel cell a small amount of Pt seems to be indispensable to result in stable catalysts. For the oxygen reduction reaction active compositions performing comparable or even better than the reference PtOxcatalyst contained the elements Co and Mn, which correspond to primary activity descriptors already specified in literature.
Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers as Proton-Conducting Solid Electrolytes for Fuel Cells: a Short Review
Authors: Di Vona Maria Luisa , Knauth Philippe 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This review describes main strategies for the development of sulfonated aromatic polymers (SAP) with optimal properties for medium temperature (90–120 ºC) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. SAP are promising economical polymer electrolytes, but there still exist some challenges about these materials due mainly to excessive swelling in water, poor mechanical strength and low dimensional stability. Here, the state-of-the-art of SAP is reviewed and the main focus will be directed to properties of SAP, including proton conductivity, water uptake, mechanical strength, permeability. Especially three approaches to improve the performances are addressed: the formation of copolymers, the formation of hybrid materials and the polymer reticulation.
Characteristics of Heart Rate Reduction with Resumption of Supine Position in the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome: Factors Influencing Recovery
Authors: Mayuga Kenneth A , Gaw Christopher E , Tatsuoka Curtis , Fouad-Tarazi Fetnat 
Published: May 2013

Objectives:
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a heart rate (HR) rise with upright positioning,
is dependent on autonomic influences. HR recovery (HR decrease after exercise cessation) is a measure of autonomic
function. Characteristics of HR reduction during supine Recovery after head-up Tilt in POTS patients have not been elucidated.

Methods:
113 subjects (mean age 41.7 years, 86 female), diagnosed with POTS on head-up Tilt were analyzed. HR’s were
recorded during baseline supine position, 70-degree Tilt, and 20 sec, 1 min and 2 min of supine Recovery. Percent HR reduction
during Recovery was calculated.

Results:
Baseline HR was 68.7±13.4 bpm. Maximum HR during Tilt was 109±16.9 bpm. Mean HR was 84.2±20 bpm at
20 sec, 78.5±18.9 bpm at 1-min, and 77.1±18.3 bpm at 2 min of Recovery. Younger age and slower baseline HR were associated
with greater HR reductions at 20 sec (p=0.006, p=0.000, respectively). Younger age, slower baseline HR and less
time to achieve POTS were associated with greater HR reductions at 1 min (p=0.025, p=0.000, p=0.000, respectively) and
at 2 min (p=0.004, p=0.000, p=0.000, respectively). Gender and baseline blood pressures were not significant.

Conclusions:
In POTS patients, HR quickly decreases upon resuming supine position. Younger age, slower baseline HR
and less time to achieve POTS were associated with greater HR reductions during supine Recovery. Further study is
needed to determine mechanisms, as well as analyze differences in symptoms or prognosis.
Serum total adenosine deaminase activity in Nepalese patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gautam N , Archana J , Kumar R , Singh LI , Sapkota RM , Mishra S , Pokharel DR 
Published: May 2013

Objective: Several studies indicate that serum adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity could be a potential marker for the diagnosis of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there has been no such study that could independently verify this finding in Nepali population. The present study therefore aims to measure the total ADA activity in the sera of Nepalese RA patients and verify its diagnostic potential. Materials and Methods: A total of 69 RA patients who visited Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH), Bhairahawa, Nepal for their medical treatment were enrolled for this study. An equal number of age and sex-matched healthy controls were also included in the study. Blood samples were collected from each study subjects and analyzed for serum total ADA, Creactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF). Results: Serum total ADA activity was found to be significantly (p<0.0001) higher (30.0 }10.1 U/L) in all RA patients compared to healthy controls (13.5 } 3.6 U/L). However, no significant difference (p>0.05) in the ADA activity was found between the smokers and non-smoker RA patients. Out of total 69 RA patients, only 16 (23.1%) were positive for CRP and 11 (15.9%) were positive for RF. Conclusion: Measurement of serum total ADA activity could be a reliable marker for the diagnosis of RA in Nepali population with relevant clinical scenarios when there is absence of CRP and RF in the serum. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v4i2.6208 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 4(2013) 30-35
Developing Topic-specific Search Filters for PubMed with Click-through Data
Authors: Li J. , Lu Z. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectives: Search filters have been developed and demonstrated for better information access to the immense and ever-growing body of publications in the biomedical domain. However, to date the number of filters remains quite limited because the current filter development methods require significant human efforts in manual document review and filter term selection. In this regard, we aim to investigate automatic methods for generating search filters.Methods: We present an automated method to develop topic-specific filters on the basis of users’ search logs in PubMed. Specifically, for a given topic, we first detect its relevant user queries and then include their corresponding clicked articles to serve as the topic-relevant document set accordingly. Next, we statistically identify informative terms that best represent the topic-relevant document set using a background set composed of topic irrelevant articles. Lastly, the selected representative terms are combined with Boolean operators and evaluated on benchmark datasets to derive the final filter with the best performance.Results: We applied our method to develop filters for four clinical topics: nephrology, diabetes, pregnancy, and depression. For the nephrology filter, our method obtained performance comparable to the state of the art (sensitivity of 91.3%, specificity of 98.7%, precision of 94.6%, and accuracy of 97.2%). Similarly, high-performing results (over 90% in all measures) were obtained for the other three search filters.Conclusion: Based on PubMed click-through data, we successfully developed a high-performance method for generating topic-specific search filters that is significantly more efficient than existing manual methods. All data sets (topic-relevant and irrelevant document sets) used in this study and a demonstration system are publicly available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/CBBresearch/Lu/downloads/CQ_filter/
Feasibility of Feature-based Indexing, Clustering, and Search of Clinical Trials
Authors: Boland M. R. , Miotto R. , Gao J. , Weng C. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackground: When standard therapies fail, clinical trials provide experimental treatment opportunities for patients with drug-resistant illnesses or terminal diseases. Clinical Trials can also provide free treatment and education for individuals who otherwise may not have access to such care. To find relevant clinical trials, patients often search online; however, they often encounter a significant barrier due to the large number of trials and in-effective indexing methods for reducing the trial search space.Objectives: This study explores the feasibility of feature-based indexing, clustering, and search of clinical trials and informs designs to automate these processes.Methods: We decomposed 80 randomly selected stage III breast cancer clinical trials into a vector of eligibility features, which were organized into a hierarchy. We clustered trials based on their eligibility feature similarities. In a simulated search process, manually selected features were used to generate specific eligibility questions to filter trials iteratively.Results: We extracted 1,437 distinct eligi -bility features and achieved an inter-rater agreement of 0.73 for feature extraction for 37 frequent features occurring in more than 20 trials. Using all the 1,437 features we stratified the 80 trials into six clusters containing trials recruiting similar patients by patient-characteristic features, five clusters by disease-characteristic features, and two clusters by mixed features. Most of the features were mapped to one or more Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) concepts, demonstrating the utility of named entity recognition prior to mapping with the UMLS for automatic feature extraction.Conclusions: It is feasible to develop feature-based indexing and clustering methods for clinical trials to identify trials with similar target populations and to improve trial search efficiency.
Availability and prescription practice of anti-malaria drugs in the private health sector in Yemen
Authors: Bin Ghouth Abdulla Salim 
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Although the government of Yemen changed the national policy for treating malaria in November 2005 from chloroquine to combination drugs in the form of artesunate + sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as first line and lumefantrine + artemether as second line treatment for uncomplicated malaria, clinicians in public and private health facilities continued to prescribe chloroquine because their knowledge about the new treatment policy was poor. Methodology: A non-randomized trial of pre- and post-evaluation of the training and reporting interventions about prescription behaviors and availability of anti-malaria drugs among clinicians and pharmacists in the private sector in three governorates in Yemen was conducted. Results: Adherence of clinicians in the private sector to the new national guidelines for anti-malaria drugs improved from 21% in pre-intervention period to 38% after the intervention for artesunate + SP being prescribed as the first-line treatment. Prescription of lumefantrine + artemether as the second-line anti-malaria treatment was also improved from 18% before the intervention to 22% post-intervention. Unfortunately the combination of halofantrine + SP continued to be frequently prescribed by clinicians in Sana'a city (18%). Artesunate + SP and quinine are increasing their marketing significantly from 8% in the pre-intervention period to 22% post-intervention (P-value 0.001). Conclusions: The study provides evidence of usefulness of the training intervention on the national guidelines for malaria treatment. Additionally, the involvement of private health-care providers in reporting procedures will promote the rational prescription and availability of anti-malaria drugs.
Travail vivant, subjectivité et coopération : aspects philosophiques et institutionnels
Authors: Hamraoui Éric 
Published: May 2013

Partant de l’analyse des concepts marxiens de travail vivant et de coopération, pensés en lien avec la question de la subjectivité, nous tentons de définir les formes d’atteinte de la vie au cœur de l’activité de travail, variant selon les configurations historico-économiques. Cette recherche nous conduit à différencier les étapes d’un processus allant de l’exploitation de la vie à l’organisation de son épuisement dans l’univers contemporain du travail, en passant par sa contention dans le système tayloriste de production. La généalogie ici établie s’appuie sur les approches conceptuellement différenciées de la phénoménologie de la vie de Michel Henry (1922-2002) et de l’analyse anthropologique et institutionnelle développée par Sidi Mohammed Barkat. La première met en avant l’idée de « ruine de la vie » pour caractériser l’époque actuelle. La seconde y voit à l’œuvre une entreprise de déni de la vie intimement liée à la stimulation de la vitalité des individus afin d’augmenter la performance du système économique.
Activités marginales : le manœuvre du bâtiment
Authors: Andrade de Barros Vanessa , Faleiro dos Santos Paulo Henrique 
Published: May 2013

Comprendre le contexte dans lequel est engendrée et reproduite la marginalisation de la catégorie des manœuvres dans le bâtiment, aussi bien que ses implications psychosociales, est l’objectif de cet article. Il s’appuie sur une recherche réalisée dans une entreprise du bâtiment à Belo Horizonte, au Brésil. La condition de manœuvre concentre un ensemble de caractéristiques tenues comme négatives, empêchant la formation d’une image de soi et d’une identité positive pour ceux qui en portent les stigmates. La discrimination de cette catégorie joue un rôle important aussi sur le plan de l’organisation collective : elle affaiblit ou même annule la cohésion de ce groupe social. Nous avons observé enfin une considérable contradiction entre les discours des ouvriers du bâtiment quand ils parlent de leur activité à travers le prisme dépréciatif du sens commun et les discours qui partent de leur expérience et de l’analyse du travail réel de ces professionnels.
Les notions de tâche, prétâche et travail dans la théorie de Pichon-Rivière
Authors: Fabris Fernando 
Published: May 2013

Il n’est pas évident de distinguer la « tâche » du « travail » en suivant la perspective de Pichon-Rivière, car ces deux notions prennent, dans ce cadre conceptuel, une place fondamentale. La tâche est l’acheminement d’un groupe ou d’un individu vers ses objectifs ; c’est à la fois une praxis et une trajectoire à caractère multidimensionnel et dialectique. Le travail, de même que la tâche, est une activité permettant d’organiser les subjectivités individuelles et collectives, mais ces deux notions comportent également des différences importantes. La prétâche est une forme de subjectivité (penser, sentir et agir) opposée à celle de la tâche : elle exprime une résistance au changement. Alors que le travail, tout en étant souvent aliénant et reproducteur de l’inégalité sociale, constitue fréquemment et de manière paradoxale un espace de renforcement de l’identité et de satisfaction des besoins de reconnaissance et de réalisation personnelle et sociale, ce qui le rapproche de la tâche, activité, par définition, salutaire.
Le formateur sait-il de quoi il parle ?
Authors: Bremond Capucine 
Published: May 2013

Nous avons répondu à une demande pour former des tuteurs. Cette demande insistait sur la nécessité de participer au développement de compétences et d’explorer une définition du tutorat. Nous avons abordé cette formation avec notre double casquette, enseignant spécialisé en sciences de l’éducation et chercheur en analyse des interactions. Cette double casquette allait de pair avec une vision de la formation où le formateur, acteur parmi d’autres, n’amène pas son savoir comme expert. Ce que nous voulons examiner ici c’est comment le formateur peut être tiraillé entre une conception de l’apprentissage socioconstructiviste, qui le positionne en humilité, et des injonctions qui le situent en expert détenant une partie essentielle du savoir. L’expertise est inscrite dans les fondements de la relation entre les acteurs de l’apprentissage. Une pratique socioconstructiviste supposerait non seulement que les « apprenants » participent activement à la formation mais aussi que le formateur ne reste pas maître de la situation d’échange dans laquelle il s’inscrit, second aspect rarement acté dans le contexte actuel, voire peut-être même impratiquable. Qu’attend-on du formateur ? Maître ou acteur ? Si le formateur doit participer à concentrer le potentiel formatif des situations plutôt que se positionner en maître de la formation, il occupe une place nourrie par des enjeux sociaux et relationnels. Nous pensons que, même s’il le souhaitait, il ne pourrait être un simple médiateur des savoirs.
Le travail, essence de l'homme ? Qu'est-ce que le travail ?
Authors: Enriquez Eugène 
Published: May 2013

Dans ce texte, l’auteur se demande si le travail est l’essence de l’homme. Sa réponse est négative. Bien d’autres attributs : le langage, le loisir, la religion, la guerre... entrent dans la constitution de l’humain. Néanmoins le travail a pris une large place dans la vie de l’homme dans nos sociétés modernes. Or qu’est-ce que le travail ? L’auteur tente de fournir une réponse à cette question et évoque les conditions à respecter pour que le travail ne soit plus le signe le plus évident de l’aliénation humaine.
Neuroimmune Dysregulation in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: McGuire Jennifer L. , Douglas Steven D. 
Published: May 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Identify three of the major cells involved in cellular immune dysregulation in HIV.

2.
Discuss monocyte activation in central nervous system (CNS) HIV.

3.
Discuss CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation in CNS HIV.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global epidemic, directly infecting approximately 0.8% of people in the world, and indirectly affecting countless others.
1
Chronic immune activation, measured by cell proliferation, metabolic activity, or changed chemokine/cytokine or proteome profiles, is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and predicts systemic disease progression more accurately than plasma viral load.
2,3
The neuropathophysiology of HIV infection appears to be driven in part by this chronic peripheral immune activation, resulting in an independent central immune dysregulation involving alteration in macrophage, T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, microglial, and/or astrocyte functional capabilities.
Psychopharmacological Treatment of Patients with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Ferrando Stephen J. 
Published: May 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Apply knowledge of the epidemiology and complex differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in HIV to the selection of psychopharmacological agents.

2.
Know and apply understanding of drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in prescribing psychiatric medications to HIV/AIDS patients.

3.
Utilize understanding of the considerable research literature concerning psychopharmacological treatment in HIV/AIDS.

Knowledge of psychopharmacology is critical to the management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, due to the prevalence of pre-morbid psychopathology and substance use disorders (SUDs); HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND); somatic symptoms such as pain and fatigue, and neuroendocrine problems, all of which impact quality of life.
Preoperative Factors Predicting the Surgical Response of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recession Surgery in Patients With Infantile Exotropia
Authors: Yam Jason C. S. , Chong Gabriela S. L. , Wu Patrick K. W. , Wong Ursula S. F. , Chan Clement W. N. , Ko Simon T. C. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose:
To determine the preoperative factors affecting the efficacy in bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery for infantile exotropia.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of 50 patients with infantile exotropia who had bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery correction with more than 1 year of follow-up. Preoperative parameters influencing the response of the surgery were obtained and evaluated using multiple regression analysis including age at onset, age at surgery, interval between onset and surgery, preoperative deviation, refractive error, anisometropia, amount of surgery performed, presence of A- or V-pattern, and preoperative phase of exotropia. The response to surgery was defined as the change in deviation divided by the amount of the surgery.

Results:

Thirty-two (64%) and 24 (48%) patients had successful outcome at 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively, respectively. The mean response to surgery was 1.79 ± 0.63 prism diopters (PD)/mm recession at 6 weeks and 1.58 ± 0.75 PD/mm recession at 1 year postoperatively. Exotropic drift was 5.12 ± 7.27 PD at 6 weeks and 8.02 ± 6.81 PD at 1 year postoperatively. Pre-operative deviation was correlated with the response of surgery at 6 weeks (β = 0.342,
P
= .020) and 1 year (β = 0.391,
P
= .007) postoperatively.

Conclusions:
Surgical response decreases over time due to the exotropic drift. Larger preoperative distance deviation was associated with larger surgical response. Both the exotropic drift and the preoperative deviation should be considered in applying the surgical dose in infantile exotropia.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(4):245–250.]