bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity
Authors: Acharya Dhruba , Bogati B , Shrestha GT , Gyawali P 
Published: February 2015

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) is common in both diabetic and non diabetic patients. Since the microorganisms causing UTI vary in their susceptibility to antimicrobials from place to place and time to time, hence constant screening of trends and susceptibility pattern of predominant organisms against antimicrobials is essential. The study aims to determine the spectrum of ropathogens and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in both diabetic and non diabetic patients with clinically suspected UTI .A prospective cross sectional study was conducted during period of February 2013 to July 2013 among 90 diabetic and 90 non diabetic patients attending Dhulikhel Hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre (DH-KUH). All samples and isolates were investigated by standard laboratory rocedures. A total of 55 (30.5%) samples showed significant growth. No significant difference among culture positivity rate was noted between diabetic and non diabetic patients (34.5% Vs 26.7%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent organism (64.5% in diabetic and 66.7% non diabetic) followed by Klebsiella sps (22.6% in diabetic and 12.5% in non diabetic). Gentamycin and nitrofurantoin were highly sensitive to E. coli isolated in diabetic patients among the tested antimicrobials followed by otrimoxazole, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Least sensitivity rate was observed with ampicillin and cephalexin. However, no difference was noted on the sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobials among E. coli isolated between diabetic and non diabetic patients. In this study high proportion of gram negative bacilli with predominant uropathogen being E. coli was noted. Irrespective of the status of diabetes, Staphylococcus sps and Pseudomonas sps were not isolated from UTI patients in our study. The isolation of organisms and their resistance pattern was almost similar between diabetic and non diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v1i4.11998Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health SciencesVol. 1, Issue 4, 2015Page : 24-28
Pisni sestavek: uvodni in zaključni odstavek – po jutru se dan pozna in konec dober, vse dobro
Authors: Sokolov Cvetka 
Published: February 2015

Uvodni in zaključni odstavek zaslužita posebno pozornost, saj močno vplivata na učinek celotnega pisnega sestavka. Naloga uvodnega odstavka je, da napove glavno misel sestavka, pa tudi, da pri bralcu zbudi zanimanje in ga tako prepriča, naj prebere celotno besedilo. V zaključku pisec bralca še enkrat spomni na glavno temo sestavka, hkrati pa poskrbi za zaključne misli, ki bodo bralcu ostale v spominu tudi potem, ko besedilo odloži. Članek obravnava težave, s katerimi se pri pisanju uvodnih in zaključnih odstavkov srečujejo dijaki in študentje angleščine. Razdeljene so v tri skupine: motnje v koherenci, neustrezna dolžina in neustrezen slog. Članek vsebuje tudi tipe vaj, s pomočjo katerih lahko študentje opisane težave uzavestijo in postopno odpravijo.
Il bianco e il nero nella fraseologia italiana e spagnola (Semantične vrednosti bele in črne barve v italijanski in španski frazeologiji)
Authors: Stanič Daša 
Published: February 2015

Il presente articolo affronta il tema dei valori semantici del „bianco“ e del „nero“ nella fraseologia italiana e spagnola. Questi due colori sono fra tutti i colori quelli che formano sia in italiano sia in spagnolo il maggior numero di unità fraseologiche. Consultando vari dizionari di lingua italiana e spagnola, alcuni dizionari bilingui e fraseologici e, infine, corpora scelti delle due lingue sono state trovate 232 unità fraseologiche con il „bianco“ e il „nero“. Nella maggioranza dei casi si tratta di collocazioni del tipo aggettivo più nome. In questo contributo le unità fraseologiche trovate vengono classificate a seconda dei loro valori semantici. È stato scoperto che mentre i valori semantici del „bianco“ possono essere in tutte e due le lingue sia positivi (in maggioranza) sia negativi, i valori del „nero“ sono quasi tutti negativi. Sono stati evidenziati anche esempi di varianti di unità fraseologiche con i due colori ed esempi di unità fraseologiche che hanno come elemento ambedue i colori. Nella maggioranza di questi casi il „bianco“ e il „nero“ rappresentano il contrario. Sono state trovate poche unità fraseologiche con il „bianco“ e il „nero“ legate direttamente alla realtà italiana e a quella spagnola. Quelle trovate si riferiscono alla mafia, al calcio, al fascismo e al mondo taurino. Prispevek obravnava semantične vrednosti "bele" in "črne" v italijanski in španski frazeologiji. Bela in črna sta tisti barvi, ki se najpogosteje pojavljata v frazeoloških enotah obeh jezikov. Pri podrobnem pregledu več slovarjev italijanskega in španskega jezika, nekaterih dvojezičnih in frazeoloških slovarjev ter izbranih korpusov obravnavanih jezikov smo dobili 232 frazeoloških enot, ki vsebujejo "belo" in "črno". Med temi so najpogostejše kolokacije tipa pridevnik in samostalnik. V pričujočem članku so dobljene frazeološke enote razvrščene glede na semantične vrednosti "bele" in "črne". Ugotovili smo, da so semantične vrednosti "bele" v frazeoloških enotah tako pozitivne (v večini) kot negativne, semantične vrednosti "črne" pa so skoraj v vseh primerih negativne. Posebej so predstavljene tudi različice frazeoloških enot z obema barvama ter tiste frazeološke enote, v katerih se pojavljata obe barvi skupaj. V večini omenjenih primerov predstavljata "bela" in "črna" nasprotje. Izkazalo se je, da frazeoloških enot z "belo" in "črno", ki odražajo specifičnosti italijanske in španske kulture, ni veliko. Nanašajo se na mafijo, na obdobje fašizma, na nogomet in na bikoborbe.
HRIS- An Effective Knowledge Management Solution
Authors: Z. Kazmi S. Asiya , Naaranoja Marja 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes an evaluation that how in a small business scenario, the bits and pieces of knowledge can be seen scattered at different work locations and how the management can strategically arrange and manage a viable data resource in the form of existing knowledge base to be retrieved as and when required. In the current research study, the authors tried to prove the logic by taking an example of an organizational scenario (i.e., Medicare Hospital) by displaying the positive effects of implementing an organizational knowledge management technique - i.e., HRIS, to not only streamline the effective data storage but to eliminate the redundant organizational activities associated with the duplication of knowledge collection as well as unwanted management operations and excessive storage of record keeping work processes. Current study confirmed the worth of information and communication technologies (ICT) supported human resource information system (HRIS). The findings of the study confirmed organizational control over existing work knowledge with speed, efficiency, economy and accuracy at the crucial times for the best organizational strategic decision making in line with sustainable corporate competitiveness.
Anti-Keynesian Views: Fiscal and Monetary Guidelines
Authors: Hiç-Birol Özlen , Hiç-Gencer Ayşen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this article, we will cover the main anti-Keynesian views and macroeconomic systems that arose in the post Keynes period as well as their fiscal and monetary policy guidelines. As is known, the early Classical economists introduced a macroeconomic system based on the Quantity Theory and Say’s Law resulting in automatic full-employment equilibrium; and finally after 1929-1934 Great World Depression, the Keynesian System was introduced as a “revolution” (Keynesian Revolution) in theory and practice. As a result of the Keynesian policies implemented, European countries and the United States not only got over the Great World Depression but also in the years following the World War II, they have observed a fast and stable growth for a long time. Moreover, cyclical fluctuations have been controlled to a great extent. Even so, at the stage when the Keynesian System was introduced, anti-Keynesian views and macroeconomic systems were immediately introduced. Intense academic discussions between advocates of these views and the Keynesian economists have continued up until today. Meanwhile, many economists such as J.R. Hicks, R.F. Harrod, N. Kaldor, M. Kalesci, A.W. Philips, A. Hansen, P.A. Samuelson, E. Domar, J. Tobin, R. Solow, A.M. Okun, W. Helier, G. Ackler, F. Modigliani, and R. Musgrave and many others have developed and defended the Keynesian System from different aspects. We can characterize significant anti-Keynesian views and macroeconomic systems as the “Counter-Revolution”.
Inhalation Toxicology Methods: The Generation and Characterization of Exposure Atmospheres and Inhalational Exposures
Authors: Chen Lung‐Chi , Lippmann Morton 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this unit, the need for laboratory‐based inhalation toxicology studies, the historical background on adverse health effects of airborne toxicants, and the benefits of advance planning for the building of analytic options into the study design to maximize the scientific gains to be derived from the investments in the study are outlined. The following methods are described: (1) the generation and characterization of exposure atmospheres for inhalation exposures in humans and laboratory animals; (2) the delivery and distribution into and within whole‐body exposure chambers, head‐only exposure chambers, face‐masks, and mouthpieces or nasal catheters; (3) options for on‐line functional assays during and between exposures; and (4) options for serial non‐invasive assays of response. In doing so, a description beyond exposures to single agents and simple mixtures is presented, and included are methods for evaluating biological responses to complex environmental mixtures. It is also emphasized that great care should be taken in the design and execution of such studies so that the scientific returns can be maximized both initially, and in follow‐up utilization of archived samples of the exposure atmospheres, excreta, and tissues collected for histology. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plasmatrough exohiss waves observed by Van Allen Probes: Evidence for leakage from plasmasphere and resonant scattering of radiation belt electrons
Authors: Zhu Hui , Su Zhenpeng , Xiao Fuliang , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Shen Chao , Xian Tao , Wang Shui , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Funsten H. O. , Blake J. B. , Baker D. N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractExohiss waves are whistler mode hiss observed in the plasmatrough region. We present a case study of exohiss waves and the corresponding background plasma distributions observed by the Van Allen Probes in the dayside low‐latitude region. The analysis of wave Poynting fluxes, suprathermal electron fluxes, and cold electron densities supports the scenario that exohiss leaks from the plasmasphere into the plasmatrough. Quasilinear calculations further reveal that exohiss can potentially cause the resonant scattering loss of radiation belt electrons ∼<MeV on a comparable time scale to that associated with the storm time plasmaspheric hiss. These results clearly illustrate that exohiss may need to be taken into account in future radiation belt models.
Possible evidence for a methane source in Enceladus' ocean
Authors: Bouquet Alexis , Mousis Olivier , Waite J. Hunter , Picaud Sylvain 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe internal ocean of Enceladus can be expected to present conditions favorable to the trapping of volatiles in clathrates. This process could influence the eventual composition of the ocean and therefore of the plumes emitted by the south polar region. Here we used a statistical thermodynamic model to assess which species detected in the plumes by the Cassini‐Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer experiment are trapped in clathrates. We treated Enceladus' internal ocean as a terrestrial subglacial lake with a mixture of dissolved volatiles indicated by plume gas measurements. We find that the conditions for clathrate formation are met in this ocean, except above 20 km or in hypothetical hot spots. The formation of multiple guest clathrates depletes methane below plume levels, suggesting that clathrates eventually dissociate (releasing methane) in the fissure that connects the ocean to the surface or that another mechanism (such as hydrothermal reactions) is compensating by adding methane into the ocean.
Tracing the strength of the southwest monsoon using boron isotopes in the eastern Arabian Sea
Authors: Naik Sushant S. , Divakar Naidu P. , Foster Gavin L. , Martínez‐Botí Miguel A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHere we present the first boron isotope‐based pCO2sw (pCO2 of seawater) reconstruction from the eastern Arabian Sea using the planktic foraminifera species Globigerinoides ruber. Our results from sediment core AAS9/21 show that pCO2sw varied between ~160 and 300 µatm during the last 23 kyr. The ΔpCO2, the sea‐air pCO2 difference, is relatively small during the last glacial maximum and becomes more negative toward the Holocene, with the exception of a significant excess during the last deglaciation centered on the Bølling‐Ållerød. Throughout the record, ΔpCO2 is predominantly negative, probably as a result of enhanced biological productivity (and higher nutrient and carbon utilization) during the southwest monsoon. A reduction in ΔpCO2 during the last glacial maximum is therefore consistent with a reduction in the strength of this monsoon system.
Exploring Perceived Social Support from Peer Facilitators in an HIV Treatment Adherence Intervention for African American Patients: A Content Analysis of Participant Perspectives
Authors: Houston Eric , Osborn Amanda , Lyons Thomas , Masvawure Tsitsi , Raja Sheela 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHIV treatment adherence interventions increasingly rely on peer facilitators to promote treatment adherence and improve patient retention, yet little is known about how participants perceive the role performed by peer facilitators. The present study examined participant perceptions in terms of the social support from peer facilitators in a hospital‐based intervention in Chicago. Content analysis was conducted with reference to four types of social support (instrumental, informational, emotional and affiliational) on exit interviews with 11 participants enrolled in the intervention that targeted African‐American patients living with HIV/AIDS. We examined how the type of social support perceived by participants was related to their self‐reported behaviours in three domains: adherence, sexual safety and general coping. Our analysis revealed that most participants perceived informational and emotional support from their peer facilitators, followed by instrumental support. Affiliational support was the least frequently perceived type of social support. We found that perceived informational support from peer facilitators with regard to adherence had greater impact and credibility amongst participants than the same type of support from medical providers. Informational support was cited most frequently with regard to influencing adherence and sexual safety behaviours, whereas perceived emotional support was cited primarily with helping participants cope with HIV. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Efficient and Sustainable Pyrolysis and Gasification of Biomass by Catalytic Processes
Authors: Tong Xinli , Chen Hui , Hu Jianli , Bi Yadong , Sun Zhe , Fan Wenyuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe biomass thermochemical conversion process includes two major approaches: pyrolysis and gasification. The advantages of pyrolysis and gasification of biomass feedstock in the presence of various catalyst systems are critically reviewed. The role of a catalyst in pyrolysis of biomass and its major components cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin is investigated. The discussion is focused on elucidating the reaction mechanisms involved in the formation of aromatics and phenols during catalytic pyrolysis. The pyrolysis performance of two major catalyst systems, metal‐containing catalysts and zeolite catalysts, is analyzed. The impact of the catalyst on the deoxygenation efficiency is ascertained. In the catalytic gasification process, two major catalyst systems including alkali metals and noble metal catalysts are employed. This review illustrates the function of the catalyst in improving the yields of syngas and hydrogen and the mechanistic aspects of the reduction of tar and char formed during gasification. Ultimately, the review is intended to introduce the state of art in the biomass thermochemical conversion with an emphasis on the importance of the catalyst in producing value‐added products.
The Uptake of Trehalose Glycolipids by Macrophages Is Independent of Mincle
Authors: Kodar Kristel , Eising Selma , Khan Ashna A. , Steiger Stefanie , Harper Jacquie L. , Timmer Mattie S. M. , Stocker Bridget L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrehalose glycolipids play an important role in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and are used as adjuvants for vaccines; however, much still remains unanswered about the mechanisms through which these glycolipids exert their immunomodulatory potential. Recently, the macrophage‐inducible C‐type lectin Mincle was determined to be the receptor for trehalose glycolipids, yet the role played by Mincle in glycolipid uptake is unknown. Accordingly, we developed several fluorescent trehalose glycolipid reporter systems that can be used to study the uptake of soluble trehalose glycolipids and glycolipid‐coated particles by macrophages. Our studies revealed that, although Mincle is essential for the activation of macrophages by trehalose glycolipids, the receptor does not play a role in the uptake of these glycolipids or of glycolipid‐coated particles.
A safe and simpler diagnosis of gastric schwannomas
Authors: Charepoo Rambod , Palanisamy Arun P. , Shetty Jayakara , Kurtzman Scott H. 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageAlthough gastric schwannomas usually are nonmalignant, these tumors can undergo malignant transformation. For diagnosis, endoluminal routes are believed to decrease the chance of cancerous cell dissemination. We present a case where a percutaneous route was utilized with supporting evidence for the safe use of this method for diagnosis.
Late onset hemopericardium with cardiac tamponade from minor blunt chest trauma – a case report
Authors: Tabansi Petronilla N. , Otaigbe Barbara E. 
Published: February 2015

Key Clinical MessageHemopericardium with cardiac tamponade following minor blunt trauma is a rare, life‐threatening condition in children. Without high index of suspicion, diagnosis and intervention may be delayed as the link between the trauma and illness may be missed. We present a 12‐year‐old female in Nigeria, and highlight challenges in diagnosis.
Selective Enzymatic Synthesis of the Grapefruit Flavor (+)‐Nootkatone
Authors: Schulz Sebastian , Girhard Marco , Gaßmeyer Sarah K. , Jäger Vera D. , Schwarze Daniel , Vogel Andreas , Urlacher Vlada B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract(+)‐Nootkatone is a high‐value sesquiterpenoid known for its grapefruit‐odor impression. Its isolation from natural plant sources suffers from low yields, and chemical syntheses involve carcinogenic or hazardous compounds. Herein, a biocatalytic route for the synthesis of (+)‐nootkatone that combines two enzymes in one pot is presented. In the first step, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase catalyzes the selective allylic hydroxylation of the sesquiterpene (+)‐valencene to the intermediate alcohol nootkatol. In the second step, nootkatol is further oxidized to (+)‐nootkatone by an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). The challenging task of finding a suitable cofactor regeneration system was solved by careful selection of an appropriate cosubstrate for the ADH, which works in a dual‐functional mode. After reaction optimization, involving cosolvent and cosubstrate screening, (+)‐nootkatone concentrations of up to 360 mg L−1 and a space‐time yield of 18 mg L−1 h−1 were achieved.
Polyvinyl Alcohol–Borax Slime as Promising Polyelectrolyte for High‐Performance, Easy‐to‐Make Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Alesanco Yolanda , Palenzuela Jesús , Viñuales Ana , Cabañero Germán , Grande Hans J. , Odriozola Ibon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the Materials Division at IK4‐CIDETEC (Spain). The image tries to associate the electrochromic device (ECD) based on PVA–borax slime with characters from HE‐MAN and MASTERS OF THE UNIVERSE. Thus, Violoman (viologen) is attacked by the villain Skelectrode (electrodes) by pouring a slime (PVA–borax polyelectrolyte slime) and electric discharges on him. Find out more by reading the full Article at 10.1002/celc.201402265.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Desymmetrization of meso‐Alkynyl Diols and Kinetic Resolution of the Corresponding dl‐Diols: Effects of Celite Filtration and Silver Salts
Authors: Sota Yumi , Yamamoto Masaaki , Murai Masato , Uenishi Jun'ichi , Uemura Motokazu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric desymmetrization of meso‐2‐alkynylbenzenediols through the use of a combination of axially chiral diphosphine(AuCl)2 precatalysts and silver salt co‐catalysts gave optically active isochromene compounds with high enantioselectivities in good yields. The corresponding dl‐diol isomers underwent efficient kinetic resolution to give the cyclized isochromenes and recovered diols with high enantioselectivities under similar conditions. The high reactivity and selectivity in the desymmetrization of the meso‐diols is independent of the combination of axially chiral diphosphine(AuCl)2 precatalyst and silver salt co‐catalyst, whereas the corresponding tricarbonylchromium complexes of alkynylbenzenediols were affected by the combination of the diphosphine(AuCl)2 and silver salt. The reactivity was largely dependent on the nature of the gold(I) species.
Energieeffizienz und Klimaschutz mittels Materialeffizienz. Energy Efficiency and Climate Protection by Material Efficiency Measures
Authors: Schmidt Mario 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBei betrieblichen Maßnahmen zur Energieeffizienz und zum Klimaschutz wird meist nur auf die direkten Einsparpotenziale, d. h. den verringerten Energieeinsatz oder die reduzierten Treibhausgasemissionen, geachtet. Doch auch Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Materialeffizienz tragen erheblich zur geringeren Energieverbräuchen und Emissionen bei. Da der Anteil von Materialien an den Kosten im Unternehmen deutlich höher ist als der Anteil von Energie, und weil dort noch erhebliche Einsparpotenziale existieren, können damit indirekt auch der Energiebedarf und Treibhausgasemissionen verringert werden.