bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extravirgin Olive Oil Consumption Reduces Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Martínez-González Miguel Á. , Toledo Estefanía , Arós Fernando , Fiol Miquel , Corella Dolores , Salas-Salvadó Jordi , Ros Emilio , Covas Maria I. , Fernández-Crehuet Joaquín , Lapetra José , Muñoz Miguel A. , Fitó Monserrat , Serra-Majem Luis , Pintó Xavier , Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M. , Sorlí Jose V. , Babio Nancy , Buil-Cosiales Pilar , Ruiz-Gutierrez Valentina , Estruch Ramón , Alonso Alvaro ,   for the PREDIMED Investigators*
Published: May 2014

Background—
The PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) primary prevention trial showed that a Mediterranean diet enriched with either extravirgin olive oil or mixed nuts reduces the incidence of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality. We assessed the effect of these diets on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the PREDIMED trial.

Methods and Results—
Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 diets: Mediterranean diet supplemented with extravirgin olive oil, Mediterranean diet supplemented with mixed nuts, or advice to follow a low-fat diet (control group). Some departures from individual randomization occurred in a subset of the trial because members of the same household and small clinics in one of the 11 recruiting centers were allocated by clusters instead of individually. Incident atrial fibrillation was adjudicated during follow-up by an events committee blinded to dietary group allocation. Among 6705 participants without prevalent atrial fibrillation at randomization, we observed 72 new cases of atrial fibrillation in the Mediterranean diet with extravirgin olive oil group, 92 in the Mediterranean diet with mixed nuts group, and 89 in the control group after median follow-up of 4.7 years. The Mediterranean diet with extravirgin olive oil significantly reduced the risk of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.86 compared with the control group) after adjusting for propensity scores and using robust variance estimators to account for the intra-cluster correlations. No effect was found for the Mediterranean diet with nuts (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–1.16). In secondary analyses done after excluding all participants randomized in clusters, the results did not materially change.

Conclusions—
In the absence of proven interventions for the primary prevention of atrial fibrillation, this post hoc analysis of the PREDIMED trial suggests that a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation was found after an intervention with extravirgin olive oil in the context of a Mediterranean dietary pattern.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
A new species of Didogobius (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Canary Islands
Authors: VAN TASSELL JAMES L. , KRAMER ANNEMARIE 
Published: May 2014

Didogobius helenae is described from the Canary Islands. It has a sensory papillae pattern that is consistent with the current diagnosis for Didogobius, but lacks all head canals and pores that are present in other members of the genus. Pores, in general, are replaced by large papillae. The species is defined by first dorsal fin VI; second dorsal fin I,10; anal fin I,9; pectoral fin 16–17; pelvic fin I,5 and disk shaped; lateral scales 28–30, cycloid at anterior, becoming ctenoid posteriorly; cycloid scales present on belly and posterior breast; predorsal region, cheek, operculum and base of pectoral fin without scales; lower most scale on the caudal fin-base with elongate, thickened ctenii along the upper and lower posterior edges. Color in life consists of four mottled, wide brown-orange bars separated by narrower white bars on the trunk, the cheek whitish with 5 more or less circular blotches of orange, outlined in dark brown and a black spot on ventral operculum. A key to the species is provided.
Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview
Authors: Dorahy Martin J , Brand Bethany L , Şar Vedat , Krüger Christa , Stavropoulos Pam , Martínez-Taboas Alfonso , Lewis-Fernández Roberto , Middleton Warwick 
Published: May 2014

Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. Methods: The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, (ii) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, (iii) comparisons were made with other samples, (iv) DID was differentiated from other disorders, including other dissociative disorders, (v) extraneous variables were controlled or (vi) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data are organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. Results: DID was found to be a complex yet valid disorder across a range of markers. It can be accurately discriminated from other disorders, especially when structured diagnostic interviews assess identity alterations and amnesia. DID is aetiologically associated with a complex combination of developmental and cultural factors, including severe childhood relational trauma. The prevalence of DID appears highest in emergency psychiatric settings and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Psychobiological studies are beginning to identify clear correlates of DID associated with diverse brain areas and cognitive functions. They are also providing an understanding of the potential metacognitive origins of amnesia. Phase-oriented empirically-guided treatments are emerging for DID. Conclusions: The empirical literature on DID is accumulating, although some areas remain under-investigated. Existing data show DID as a complex, valid and not uncommon disorder, associated with developmental and cultural variables, that is amenable to psychotherapeutic intervention.
An Empirical Investigation of Variance Design Parameters for Planning Cluster-Randomized Trials of Science Achievement
Authors: Westine Carl D. , Spybrook Jessaca , Taylor Joseph A. 
Published: May 2014

Background: Prior research has focused primarily on empirically estimating design parameters for cluster-randomized trials (CRTs) of mathematics and reading achievement. Little is known about how design parameters compare across other educational outcomes. Objectives: This article presents empirical estimates of design parameters that can be used to appropriately power CRTs in science education and compares them to estimates using mathematics and reading. Research Design: Estimates of intraclass correlations (ICCs) are computed for unconditional two-level (students in schools) and three-level (students in schools in districts) hierarchical linear models of science achievement. Relevant student- and school-level pretest and demographic covariates are then considered, and estimates of variance explained are computed. Subjects: Five consecutive years of Texas student-level data for Grades 5, 8, 10, and 11. Measures: Science, mathematics, and reading achievement raw scores as measured by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills. Results: Findings show that ICCs in science range from .172 to .196 across grades and are generally higher than comparable statistics in mathematics, .163–.172, and reading, .099–.156. When available, a 1-year lagged student-level science pretest explains the most variability in the outcome. The 1-year lagged school-level science pretest is the best alternative in the absence of a 1-year lagged student-level science pretest. Conclusion: Science educational researchers should utilize design parameters derived from science achievement outcomes.
Indications, Hospital Course, and Complexity of Patients Undergoing Tracheostomy at a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Liu Charles , Heffernan Colleen , Saluja Saurabh , Yuan Jennifer , Paine Melody , Oyemwense Naomi , Berry Jay , Roberson David 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to review inpatients undergoing tracheostomies at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in a 24‐month period and to identify the indications, comorbidities, hospital course, patient complexity, and predischarge planning for tracheostomy care. The goal was to analyze these factors to highlight potential areas for improvement.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.SubjectsNinety‐five inpatients at Boston Children's Hospital requiring a primary or revision tracheostomy during the 24‐month period encompassing 2010 to 2011.MethodsInpatients undergoing tracheostomy during the study period were identified using 2 different databases: the Boston Children's Hospital Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement database and institution‐specific information from the Child Health Corporation of America's Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). We extracted the specified metrics from the inpatient charts.ResultsPatients undergoing tracheostomy are complex, with an average of 3.4 comorbidities and 13.6 services involved in their care. The tracheostomy was mentioned in 97.9% of physician and 69.5% of nurse discharge notes, and 42.5% of physician discharge notes contained a plan or appointment for follow‐up. Of the patients, 33.7% were discharged home (27.3% of the nonanatomic group and 52.4% of the anatomic group). Overall, 8.4% of tracheostomy patients died before discharge.ConclusionThe complexity of pediatric tracheostomy patients presents challenges and opportunities for optimizing quality of care for these children. Future directions include the introduction and assessment of multidisciplinary tracheostomy care teams, tracheostomy nurse specialists, and tracheostomy care plans in the pediatric setting.
The Relation Between Testing Environment and Baseline Performance in Child and Adolescent Concussion Assessment
Authors: Vaughan Christopher G. , Gerst Elyssa H. , Sady Maegan D. , Newman Julie B. , Gioia Gerard A. 
Published: May 2014

Background: Previous research has demonstrated differences in cognitive performance when baseline concussion assessment is performed in a group versus an individual setting. Accurate baseline assessment is imperative when such data are used to make clinical decisions regarding cognitive and symptom recovery after concussion. Hypothesis: The use of similar standardized test administration procedures and test conditions across group and individual settings results in no differences in cognitive performance or symptom reporting. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 939 participants (aged 5-18 years), including 313 tested individually and 626 tested in a group setting, matched on age, sex, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder status, were administered concussion baseline assessment using the desktop version of the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing and a new pediatric measure, the Multimodal Assessment of Cognition & Symptoms for Children. Cognitive performance, symptom reports, and rates of invalid performance were compared between settings. Results: No significant differences were found between individual and group testing settings for the age-based Learning and Memory Accuracy composite and Response Speed composite standard scores on the Multimodal Assessment of Cognition & Symptoms for Children. Accounting for age and sex, adolescents’ performance on the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing revealed no differences between settings on the 4 composite raw scores (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Visual Motor Speed, and Reaction Time). Furthermore, symptom reporting was similar between settings on both measures. Rates of invalid performance did not differ between the 2 administration groups for either age group. There was an interaction effect for invalid performance between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and setting in younger children (aged 5-12 years), with higher rates of invalid performance for children in the group setting with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared with those without, although there were no differences in the individual setting. Conclusion: In this sample, children given a baseline assessment in a group setting performed no differently than children tested individually when standardized administration procedures were used by trained test administrators. Previous evidence suggesting differences between settings may be attributable to the variability in test administration and supervision rather than the environment itself. The importance of standardized procedures and proper supervision during baseline concussion assessment is supported by these findings.
Do Subjective Memory Complaints Herald the Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease?
Authors: Erro Roberto , Santangelo Gabriella , Barone Paolo , Picillo Marina , Amboni Marianna , Longo Katia , Giordano Flavio , Moccia Marcello , Allocca Roberto , Pellecchia Maria Teresa , Vitale Carmine 
Published: May 2014

Background: Longitudinal studies on healthy participants have shown that subjective memory impairment (defined as subjective cognitive complaints with normal cognitive objective performance) might be a strong predictor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Parkinson disease (PD) also manifests cognitive disturbances, but whether subjective memory complaints may predict the development of MCI in PD has not yet been explored. Methods: We prospectively screened newly diagnosed, untreated patients with PD in order to evaluate whether subjective memory complaints may predict development of MCI over a 2-year follow-up evaluation. Results: We enrolled 76 de novo untreated patients with PD. Of the 76 patients, 23 (30.3%) complained memory issues. Among the patients cognitively unimpaired at baseline, those with subjective complaints were more likely to develop MCI at follow-up. The regression model confirmed that presence of subjective memory complaints at baseline was an independent predictor of development of MCI at follow-up. Discussion: This is the first prospective study to explore the relationship between subjective and objective cognitive deficits in newly diagnosed, untreated patients. Our results provide preliminary evidence that subjective memory complaints might predict future development of MCI.
Determinants of iron accumulation in deep grey matter of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Ropele Stefan , Kilsdonk Iris D , Wattjes Mike P , Langkammer Christian , de Graaf Wolter L , Frederiksen Jette L , Larsson Henrik B , Yiannakas Marios , Wheeler-Kingshott Claudia AM , Enzinger Christian , Khalil Michael , Rocca Maria A , Sprenger Till , Amann Michael , Kappos Ludwig , Filippi Massimo , Rovira Alex , Ciccarelli Olga , Barkhof Frederik , Fazekas Franz 
Published: May 2014

Background: Iron accumulation in deep grey matter (GM) structures is a consistent finding in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study focused on the identification of independent determinants of iron accumulation using R2* mapping. Subjects and methods: Ninety-seven MS patients and 81 healthy controls were included in this multicentre study. R2* mapping was performed on 3T MRI systems. R2*in deep GM was corrected for age and was related to disease duration, disability, T2 lesion load and brain volume. Results: Compared to controls, R2* was increased in all deep GM regions of MS patients except the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra. R2* increase was most pronounced in the progressive stage of the disease and independently predicted by disease duration and disability. Reduced cortical volume was not associated with iron accumulation in the deep GM with the exception of the substantia nigra and the red nucleus. In lesions, R2* was inversely correlated with disease duration and higher total lesion load. Conclusion: Iron accumulation in deep GM of MS patients is most strongly and independently associated with duration and severity of the disease. Additional associations between cortical GM atrophy and deep GM iron accumulation appear to exist in a region specific manner.
Autonomy of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With an Insulin Pump Device
Authors: Reznik Yves , Morello Rémy , Zenia Amel , Morera Julia , Rod Anne , Joubert Michael 
Published: May 2014

Background: Insulin pump therapy may be offered to patients with type 2 diabetes that is not controlled by multiple daily injections. Patients with type 2 diabetes may suffer from unrecognized cognitive disabilities, which may compromise the use of a pump device. Methods: To predict patient autonomy, we evaluated 39 patients with type 2 diabetes from our database (n = 143) after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) initiation using (1) an autonomy questionnaire evaluating the patient’s cognitive and operative capacities for CSII utilization, (2) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) for the detection of mild cognitive disabilities, (3) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for the detection of anxiety and depression, and (4) the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ). Patients were selected to constitute 3 groups matched for age, with different degrees of autonomy at discharge after the initial training program: complete (n = 13), partial (n = 13), or no autonomy (n = 13). Results: The satisfaction level with the pump device was high. At the last follow-up visit, only 23% of patients did not reach complete autonomy. The autonomy score correlated fairly with the MOCA score ( R = 0.771, P < .001). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that at a cut-off score of 24, the MOCA identified autonomous versus dependent patients at long-term follow-up (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.893; sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 81%). The HADS correlated negatively with the autonomy score, and the sociocultural level also influenced autonomy with pump utilization. Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes with partial autonomy at discharge may progress to complete autonomy. The MOCA and HADS may help predict a patient’s ability to manage with a pump device.
Integrated genetic approaches identify the molecular mechanisms of Sox4 in early B-cell development: intricate roles for RAG1/2 and CK1ε
Authors: Mallampati Saradhi , Sun Baohua , Lu Yue , Ma Haiqing , Gong Yun , Wang Donghai , Lee Ju-Seog , Lin Kevin , Sun Xiaoping 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
RAG1/2 and casein kinase 1 ε are key effectors of Sox4 function in progenitor B cells. Sox4 induces B-cell differentiation by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activating immunoglobulin gene recombination.
The bleeding score predicts clinical outcomes and replacement therapy in adults with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Federici Augusto B. , Bucciarelli Paolo , Castaman Giancarlo , Mazzucconi Maria G. , Morfini Massimo , Rocino Angiola , Schiavoni Mario , Peyvandi Flora , Rodeghiero Francesco , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: May 2014

Key PointsThe bleeding score helps to predict clinical outcomes in adult patients with von Willebrand disease. High bleeding scores correlate with intensive on-demand therapy and may identify cases requiring regular prophylaxis.
From Janus kinase 2 to calreticulin: the clinically relevant genomic landscape of myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Cazzola Mario , Kralovics Robert 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Our understanding of the genetic basis of myeloproliferative neoplasms began in 2005, when the JAK2 (V617F) mutation was identified in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. JAK2 exon 12 and MPL exon 10 mutations were then detected in subsets of patients, and subclonal driver mutations in other genes were found to be associated with disease progression. Recently, somatic mutations in the gene CALR, encoding calreticulin, have been found in most patients with essential thrombocythemia or primary myelofibrosis with nonmutated JAK2 and MPL. The JAK-STAT pathway appears to be activated in all myeloproliferative neoplasms, regardless of founding driver mutations. These latter, however, have different effects on clinical course and outcomes. Thus, evaluation of JAK2, MPL, and CALR mutation status is important not only for diagnosis but also for prognostication. These genetic data should now also be considered in designing clinical trials.
Deep-sequencing transcriptome analysis of low temperature perception in a desert tree, Populus euphratica
Authors: Chen Jinhuan , Tian Qianqian , Pang Tao , Jiang Libo , Wu Rongling , Xia Xinli , Yin Weilun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundCompared with otherPopulusspecies,Populus euphraticaOliv. exhibits better tolerance to abiotic stress, especially those involving extreme temperatures. However, little is known about gene regulation and signaling pathways involved in low temperature stress responses in this species. Recent development of Illumina/Solexa-based deep-sequencing technologies has accelerated the study of global transcription profiling under specific conditions. To understand the gene network controlling low temperature perception inP. euphratica, we performed transcriptome sequencing using Solexa sequence analysis to generate a leaf transcriptome at a depth of 10 gigabases for each sample.ResultsUsing the Trinity method, 52,081,238 high-quality trimmed reads were assembled into a non-redundant set and 108,502 unigenes with an average length of 1,047 bp were generated. After performing functional annotations by aligning all-unigenes with public protein databases, 85,584 unigenes were annotated. Differentially expressed genes were investigated using the FPKM method by applying the Benjamini and Hochberg corrections. Overall, 2,858 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed unigenes in at least two samples and 131 were assigned as unigenes expressed differently in all three samples. In 4°C-treated sample and -4°C-treated sample, 1,661 and 866 differently expressed unigenes were detected at an estimated absolute log2-fold change of > 1, respectively. Among them, the respective number of up-regulated unigenes in C4 and F4 sample was 1,113 and 630, while the respective number of down-regulated ungenes is 548 and 236. To increase our understanding of these differentially expressed genes, we performed gene ontology enrichment and metabolic pathway enrichment analyses. A large number of early cold (below or above freezing temperature)-responsive genes were identified, suggesting that a multitude of transcriptional cascades function in cold perception. Analyses of multiple cold-responsive genes, transcription factors, and some key transduction components involved in ABA and calcium signaling revealed their potential function in low temperature responses inP. euphratica.ConclusionsOur results provide a global transcriptome picture ofP. euphraticaunder low temperature stress. The potential cold stress related transcripts identified in this study provide valuable information for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of low temperature perception inP. euphratica.