bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Degludec Given in Variable Once-Daily Dosing Intervals Compared With Insulin Glargine and Insulin Degludec Dosed at the Same Time Daily
Authors: Meneghini Luigi , Atkin Stephen L. , Gough Stephen C.L. , Raz Itamar , Blonde Lawrence , Shestakova Marina , Bain Stephen , Johansen Thue , Begtrup Kamilla , Birkeland Kåre I. ,   on behalf of the NN1250-3668 (BEGIN FLEX) Trial Investigators
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
The requirement to inject current basal insulin analogs at a fixed time each day may complicate adherence and compromise glycemic control. This trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of varying the daily injection time of insulin degludec (IDeg), an ultra-long-acting basal insulin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This 26-week, open-label, treat-to-target trial enrolled adults (≥18 years) with type 2 diabetes who were either insulin naïve and receiving oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) (HbA1c = 7–11%) or previously on basal insulin ± OAD(s) (HbA1c = 7–10%). Participants were randomized to 1) once-daily (OD) IDeg in a prespecified dosing schedule, creating 8–40-h intervals between injections (IDeg OD Flex; n = 229); 2) once-daily IDeg at the main evening meal (IDeg OD; n = 228); or 3) once-daily insulin glargine at the same time each day (IGlar OD; n = 230). The primary outcome was noninferiority of IDeg OD Flex to IGlar OD in HbA1c reduction after 26 weeks.

RESULTS
After 26 weeks, IDeg OD Flex, IDeg OD, and IGlar OD improved HbA1c by 1.28, 1.07, and 1.26% points, respectively (estimated treatment difference [IDeg OD Flex − IGlar OD]: 0.04% points [–0.12 to 0.20], confirming noninferiority). No statistically significant differences in overall or nocturnal hypoglycemia were found between IDeg OD Flex and IGlar OD. Comparable glycemic control and rates of hypoglycemia were seen with IDeg OD Flex and IDeg OD. Adverse event profiles were similar across groups.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of extreme dosing intervals of 8–40 h demonstrates that the daily injection time of IDeg can be varied without compromising glycemic control or safety.
Site fidelity and long-distance homing by males of solitary parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae)
Authors: Tani Soichiro , Ueno Takatoshi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSite fidelity and long-distance homing are known to occur in nesting female Hymenoptera. We report here on the site fidelity and homing ability in males of five species of scoliid wasps (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae), a group whose females do not make nests but are ectoparasitoids of scarabaeid beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea). The males of these wasp species patrol female emergence areas searching for mates. Based on mark-recapture data, we found that between 40% and 100% of marked males left the release area and travelled 50–800 m from the point of capture returning to their original patrol area. We discuss the adaptive significance of site fidelity and homing behaviour in Scoliidae, and propose hypotheses about the evolution of the homing behaviour in Hymenoptera. The homing ability of these primitive Aculeata may represent a case of convergent evolution with other Hymenoptera in which males patrol emergence areas in search of females. Additionally, this homing ability may serve as a preadaptation for the evolution of nest-provisioning and nesting habits in Hymenoptera.
An International Systematic Mapping Review of Educational Approaches and Teaching Methods in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Hooper Barbara , King Robin , Wood Wendy , Bilics Andrea , Gupta Jyothi 
Published: January 2013

Introduction: Scholars have long examined educational approaches and teaching methods in occupational therapy, producing a wide range of educational scholarship. Yet the scope of the scholarship has not been systematically categorised and described, leaving the field without a baseline and guide for its educational science. Method: A systematic mapping review identified topics, research designs, levels of impact and themes across educational scholarship. Through comprehensive database searches and inclusion and exclusion coding, 129 articles published between 2000 and 2009 were studied. Data were collected using a data extraction tool modified from Best Evidence Medical Education, entered into Microsoft Access and analysed using queries. Findings: Conceptual/descriptive papers (n = 76) represented the primary form of inquiry. Research papers (n = 53) used qualitative designs slightly more than quantitative or mixed methods. Educational interventions (n = 22) targeted students' skills, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions, but not their behaviours, organisational change or impact on clients. Prominent themes included integrative learning, learning paradigm, complexities of practice, student reasoning and calls for reforming occupational therapy education. Conclusion: Priorities for educational research include deepen and diversify studies of local learning situations, develop profession-specific conceptual frameworks for learning and measure outcomes beyond student views of the learning activity.
Problem-Based Learning Students' Perceptions of Knowledge and Professional Identity: Occupational Therapists as ‘Knowers’
Authors: Whitcombe Steven W 
Published: January 2013

Purpose: The future of occupational therapy is dependent on profession-specific knowledge to underpin its practice. This research explored occupational therapy students' perceptions of knowledge and their professional identity from one problem-based learning programme. Procedure: A qualitative methodology using in-depth interviews gathered data from 20 occupational therapy students in their final year of an undergraduate programme. The data were analysed thematically and in relation to theoretical constructs derived from the sociologists of education, Basil Bernstein and Karl Maton. Findings: The students viewed occupational therapists as ‘knowers’ rather than as ‘knowledgeable’ therapists. This distinction is embedded in a professional identity grounded in the dispositions of the occupational therapist and the philosophical constructs that support occupational therapy, but not in the specialist knowledge of occupation. Conclusion: The students' experiences suggest that the problem-based learning programme provides the transferable skills and philosophical constructs that allow them to practise in a diverse range of contemporary occupational therapy settings. However, simply mirroring current practice restricts professional advancement. The identity of the occupational therapist needs to embrace both a philosophical discourse and the specialist knowledge of occupation.
An e-Health Decision Support System for Improving Compliance of Health Workers to the Maternity Care Protocols in South Africa
Authors: Rautenbach P. , Mbananga N. , Mashamba T. , Kwinda H. , Horner V. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Background: There are problems of quality in maternity services at primary health care level in South Africa. Many of these problems can be traced to non-adherence to the maternity care guidelines and lack of tools to support clinic staff and managers in their roles. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the utility of e-health (computerized) decision support systems at addressing the problem of compliance of health workers to the maternity care guidelines at primary health care in South Africa. At present there are no documented studies on e-health clinical decision support systems for primary health care in South Africa, though clinical decision support systems for primary health care are listed as part of the e-health strategy of the National Department of Health. Methods: An e-health decision support system named the Bacis (Basic Antenatal Care In-formation System) Program was developed, then implemented and evaluated at a primary health care clinic. The duration of the study was two years: this includes development, implementation and evaluation.
Results and Conclusion: There was an overall improvement in compliance from 85.1 % to 89.3%. This result was not statistically significant. However when results were stratified into specific categories, the Bacis Program showed statistically significant improvement in compliance over the checklist system in three out of nine important categories. These are compliance at booking, patients younger than 18 years and patients booking after week 20. Further, insights and experience were also gained on development and implementation of clinical information systems at resource strained environments such as primary health care in South Africa. These results, insights and experience are invaluable for the implementation of the proposed e-health strategy in South Africa.
Citation: Horner V, Rautenbach P, Mbanang N, Mashamba T, Kwinda H. An e-health decision support system for improving compliance of health workers to the maternity care protocols in South Africa. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 25–36http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-10-RA-0044
Update on Simultaneous Topo-guided Photorefractive Keratectomy Immediately Followed by Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Treatment of Progressive Keratoconus
Authors: Kymionis George , Yoo Sonia , Kankariya Vardhaman , Kontadakis George 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is a safe and effective technique for the management of corneal ecstatic disorders. It has been proven that CXL is effectual in stopping the progression of keratoconus quasi ‘freezing’ the cornea and in many cases avoiding corneal transplantation. Nevertheless, patients’ basic problem, which is the deterioration of their vision due to irregular astigmatism, remains. CXL combined with topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) has been developed in order to achieve an important goal. To offer patients stability of their disorder and at the same time to assist them in achieving a functional vision by improving topographic outcomes. This article discusses update on this new combination therapy in the form of topo-guided PRK immediately followed by CXL as one-step procedure for treatment of progressive keratoconus.

How to cite this article
Kankariya V, Kymionis G, Kontadakis G, Yoo S. Update on Simultaneous Topo-guided Photorefractive Keratectomy Immediately Followed by Corneal Collagen Cross- linking for Treatment of Progressive Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):185-189.
Bowel Frequency in Critically III Children
Authors: Dominguez Karen D. , Borrego Matthew E. 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND Bowel frequency in healthy children has been determined, but it is not well documented in critically ill children. The objectives of this prospective observational study were to determine if critical illness alters stool frequency in children and to identify risk factors that may increase or decrease stool frequency.
METHODS Stool frequency was assessed in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a five month period. The median daily number of bowel movements during admission to the PICU was compared to the patient's estimated number of bowel movements prior to illness. Stepwise linear regression was performed to determine which factors best predicted stool frequency in critically ill children.
RESULTS Daily stool frequency was significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.001) during PICU stay (median = 0.5; interquartile: 0, 0.8) compared to preadmission stool frequency estimates (median = 2; interquartile: 1, 2.5). Covariates associated with an increase in stool frequency included male gender and length of stay in the PICU. Conversely, the administration of opioids decreased stool frequency.
CONCLUSIONS Bowel frequency was reduced by 75% in children admitted to the PICU. The use of opioids was associated with decreased bowel frequency. Male gender and increased PICU stay was associated with increased bowel frequency.
A report of capture myopathy in the Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii)
Authors: McMahon CR , Wiggins NL , French V , McCallum HI , Bowman DMJS 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn Tasmania, a small island state of Australia, wildlife is under increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities. Multiple species of native herbivores compete directly for resources with humans, such that wildlife populations are regularly managed to reduce their impact on agricultural and forestry landscapes. There is an increasing need to quantify the impacts of such wildlife management strategies on localised populations of Tasmania's iconic fauna. Gathering this information often requires capture and restraint of animals, but due to a paucity of published information on responses of wildlife to such techniques, regulatory bodies overseeing research do not always have complete information upon which to base decisions. In our study, the regulatory body designated manual restraint over chemical immobilisation as the preferred method, but current prescribed techniques can result in capture-related injuries including myopathy. To encourage dialogue on this welfare issue, we present observations on capture and restraint of the endemic Tasmanian pademelon (Thylogale billardierii). Three of 19 animals that were trapped as part of a research study exhibited symptoms consistent with capture myopathy. Results suggest that techniques involved with capture and manual restraint can be problematic for pademelons, and we present recommendations for preventative measures, including chemical immobilisation, to limit myopathy-related deaths.
Rating harms to wildlife: a survey showing convergence between conservation and animal welfare views
Authors: Dubois S , Fraser D 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHuman activities may cause conservation concerns when animal populations or ecosystems are harmed and animal welfare concerns when individuals are harmed. In general, people are concerned with one or the other, as the concepts may be regarded as separate or even at odds. An online purposive survey of 339 British Columbians explored differences between groups that varied by gender, residency, wildlife engagement level and value orientation (conservation-oriented or animal welfare-oriented), to see how they rated the level of harm to wildlife caused by different human activities. Women, urban residents, those with low wildlife engagement, and welfare-orientated participants generally scored activities as more harmful than their counterparts, but all groups were very similar in their rankings. Activities that destroy or alter habitat (urban development, pollution, resource development and agriculture) were rated consistently as most harmful by all groups, including the most conservation-oriented and the most welfare-oriented. Where such a high level of agreement exists, wildlife managers should be able to design management actions that will address both conservation and animal welfare concerns. However, the higher level of concern expressed by female, low engagement and welfare-oriented participants for activities that involve direct killing indicates a need for wildlife managers to consult beyond traditional stakeholders.
Graphical Methods for Reliability Data
Authors: Surucu Baris , Sazak Hakan S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this article, we review some existing nonparametric and parametric graphical methods for reliability data. We first give general definitions and concepts in the area. Then, we discuss some well‐known basic graphical techniques including empirical cumulative distribution function (cdf) plot, hazard plot, probability‐probability (P‐P) plot, quantile‐quantile (Q‐Q) plot, the Weibull plot, the Duane plot, mean cumulative function (MCF) plot, and Total Time on Test (TTT) plot. We also describe some problem‐specific graphical techniques that explore different applications in the reliability area.
Conducting Organic Frameworks Based on a Main‐Group Metal and Organocyanide Radicals
Authors: Zhang Zhongyue , Zhao Hanhua , Kojima Hirotaka , Mori Takehiko , Dunbar Kim R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReactions of the main‐group cation TlI with anions of 2,5‐derivatives of TCNQ (TCNQ=7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane) have led to the isolation of a family of unprecedented semiconducting main‐group‐metal–organic frameworks, namely, [Tl(TCNQX2)], (X=H, Cl, Br, I). A comparison of single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction data revealed the existence of a third polymorph of the previously reported material Tl(TCNQ)] and two distinct polymorphs of [Tl(TCNQCl2)], whereas only one phase was identified for [Tl(TCNQBr2)] and [Tl(TCNQI2)]. These new results are described in the context of the structures of other known binary metal–TCNQ frameworks that display a variety of coordination environments for the central cation, namely, four‐, six‐, and eight‐coordinate, and different arrangements of the adjacent TCNQ radicals—parallel versus perpendicular—in the stacked columns. The halogen substituents affect the structures and the properties of these compounds, owing to both steric and electronic effects as evidenced by the semiconducting properties of crystals of [Tl(TCNQCl2)] phase I, [Tl(TCNQBr2)], and [Tl(TCNQI2)], which correlate well with the distances of adjacent TCNQ radicals in the columns. 1D infinite Hückel model simulations of the band structures of [Tl(TCNQCl2)] phase I, [Tl(TCNQBr2)], and [Tl(TCNQI2)] were conducted with and without consideration of the TlI cations, the results of which indicate that the charge mobility does not strictly occur in one dimension. The modulations of the band structures with various assumptions of the energy difference (Δ) between the TlI 6s orbital and the TCNQ LUMO orbital were calculated and are discussed in light of the observed properties.
Examination of measurement apparatus for 2D magnetic properties
Authors: Maeda Yoshitaka , Urata Shinya , Kano Yuko , Arakawa Toshinobu , Yanase Shunji , Okazaki Yasuo , Watanabe Shota 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe development of highly efficient electrical rotating machines is an important issue in energy conservation. To realize this goal, we must consider the details of magnetic phenomena in rotating machines. Therefore, an accurate evaluation of 2D magnetic properties is indispensable. However, it is very difficult to measure these properties, especially under high magnetic induction, due to the difficulty in measuring rotating magnetic properties in electrical steel sheets. In this paper, a new apparatus with an eight‐tooth‐core, distributed windings, and interpoles, is proposed in order to measure 2D magnetic properties. We evaluate the uniformity of magnetic conditions in specimens by finite element analysis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(2): 57–64, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10403
Stable position of a B12 cluster near the Si surface and its STM images
Authors: Ito Shunsuke , Maruizumi Takuya , Suwa Yuji 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe conducted a first‐principles examination to determine the most stable position of an icosahedral B12 cluster near a Si(001) surface. We discovered that such a cluster is most stable when its center is located at the fourth layer position from the Si top surface where a Si dimer sits directly overhead. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) simulation revealed that Si dimers above the B12 cluster are distinguishable from other dimers in STM images at low sample bias voltages. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(2): 50–56, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10405
Tetranuclear Copper Azido Complex of 4,5‐Diazafluoren‐9‐one
Authors: Babu B. Kishore , Biju A. R. , Sunkari Sailaja , Rajasekharan M. V. , Tuchagues J. ‐P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA tetranuclear CuII complex, Cu4(dafone)4(N3)8 (1, dafone = 4,5‐diazafluoren‐9‐one) is described. The propensity of dafone to chelate through one short and one long bond is readily accommodated by the tendency of CuII to undergo Jahn–Teller elongation in its six‐coordinate complexes. The crystal structure of 1 consists of two distortion isomers of the tetranuclear complex molecule. In each isomer, there are four μ1,1‐azido bridges and two μ1,1,1‐azido bridges as well as two terminally coordinated azide ions. The isomers, both of which are centrosymmetric, differ in the way the Jahn–Teller axes of the different CuII sites are aligned. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show an overall ferromagnetic interaction, which could be fitted with a two parameter model (J1 = 22.8 cm–1, J3 = –8.2 cm–1). The magnetic interaction was modelled by using DFT calculations, which showed that the two isomers are magnetically quite different; one is a ferromagnetically coupled tetramer, and the other may be viewed as two ferromagnetic dimers. The X‐band EPR spectra are in broad agreement with this model.
Pressure Effect Studies on the Spin‐Transition Behavior of a Dinuclear Iron(II) Compound
Authors: Bhattacharjee Ashis , Roy Madhusudan , Ksenofontov Vadim , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Brooker Sally , Gütlich Philipp 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMagnetic studies into the effect of different hydrostatic pressures between ambient and 1.03 GPa on the high‐spin (HS) ⇄ low‐spin (LS) transition behavior of the dinuclear iron(II) compound [FeII2(PMAT)2](BF4)4·DMF (1, PMAT = 4‐amino‐3,5‐bis{[(2‐pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl}‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide) have been carried out at 2–300 K. Under ambient pressure, the sample studied exhibits a [HS–HS] to [HS–LS] half spin transition (ST) at T${1 \over 2}$ = 208 K without any thermal hysteresis. Increasing the pressure above 0.2 GPa causes an increase (initially rapid but above 0.5 GPa more gradual) of T${1 \over 2}$ as well as a matching reduction in the residual high‐spin fraction at room temperature. This paper probes in detail how the increased pressure favors the stabilization of the system through a transition from the [HS–HS] state to the [HS–LS] state, although there is no evidence of the [LS–LS] state even under a pressure of 1.03 GPa and down to 2 K. This work includes magnetic measurements, a calorimetric study of the ST behavior, and an estimation of the entropy change for such a half‐ST process. The origin of [HS–HS] ⇄ [HS–LS] transition behavior, which likely lies with the rigidness of the bridging ligand, is explained in greater detail. This is consistent with significant stabilization of the [HS–LS] form by the two very rigid bridging ligands between the two FeII centers. The role of intermolecular interactions in the stabilization of the dinuclear lattice system is established.
Regulation of sodium and calcium in Daphnia magna exposed to silver nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Chun-Mei , Wang Wen-Xiong 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The toxicity of manufactured silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been widely studied, but the influence of AgNPs on the major ions (such as sodium [Na] and calcium [Ca]) regulations are unknown. In the present study, a freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna was exposed to commercial AgNPs coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone. After 48 h, the Na body content was significantly reduced by AgNO3 exposure, but the Ca body content was significantly increased under AgNO3 and AgNP exposures, respectively. No effect was observed on the body concentrations of Na and Ca at 50 to 500 µg/L AgNPs with 1-µM cysteine addition. Exposure of AgNO3 and AgNPs inhibited the Na influx and elevated the Na efflux. In contrast, their exposure increased the Ca influx, but did not affect the Ca efflux. The results of the present study demonstrated the significant influences of AgNO3 and AgNPs (without cysteine) on Na and Ca regulations. Such effect of AgNPs on Na and Ca regulation disappeared after cysteine addition, indicating that the soluble Ag released from AgNPs played a major role in the ionoregulatory dysfunction. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:913–919. © 2013 SETAC