bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prévenir l'exclusion scolaire et sociale des jeunes
Authors: Zay Danielle 
Published: January 2015

Enracinés dans des conceptions différentes de l’intégration sociale et de la citoyenneté, différents paradigmes de l’exclusion sont en débat dans l’Union européenne. Ils coexistent dans tous les pays, mais avec une dominante dans chacun. Aux deux extrêmes, le paradigme anglo-américain de la « spécialisation », lié à une vision néolibérale du monde, s’oppose au paradigme français de la solidarité, hérité de Durkheim. L’un et l’autre de ces paradigmes inspirent les politiques sociales et éducatives respectives des deux nations. Aucun de leurs deux systèmes éducatifs n’est pour autant homogène. Des modèles scolaires concurrents s’affrontent, dont l’un ou l’autre peut lutter avec succès dans un secteur donné, selon l’importance relative des forces sociales en conflit qui les soutiennent.
Prévenir l'exclusion scolaire et sociale des jeunes
Authors: Welsh Paul J. 
Published: January 2015

Ce texte rend compte d’une recherche sur les aspects structurels de la marginalisation des jeunes dans le « District » de Thanet en Angleterre et dans la ville de Lille en France. Il fait apparaître qu’il y a différents discours sur l’insertion 1 dans les deux cas et que la pauvreté, les désavantages et d’autres facteurs sociaux augmentent les obstacles aux pratiques d’insertion. Il compare la structure, le financement et le fonctionnement des deux systèmes éducatifs en en faisant ressortir les contrastes et identifie quelques barrières, qui empêchent une partie de la population scolaire de profiter pleinement de l’école. Les deux pays ont une politique d’insertion, mais offrent des contextes culturels de réalisation très différents. Dans le Thanet, le contexte du marché entrave l’égalité d’accès à l’éducation et renforce les désavantages sociaux, tandis qu’à Lille, en dépit des idéaux français d’égalité, le marché admis entre le secteur scolaire secondaire privé, majoritairement confessionnel, financé par l’État, le système public et les systèmes non officiels d’entrée dans les plus prestigieux lycées, jouent contre les plus défavorisés.
Prévenir l'exclusion scolaire et sociale des jeunes
Authors: Asdih Carole , Gez-M’Bembo Dorinne 
Published: January 2015

Ce chapitre présente la problématique du décrochage scolaire et l’analyse thématique d’entretiens réalisés en France auprès de collégiens décrocheurs. Plusieurs axes ont été retenus : l’analyse de la socialisation des sujets (l’intégration au groupe de pairs, les relations avec les enseignants et les professionnels de l’établissement), leurs rapports aux matières enseignées, l’analyse des attitudes familiales à l’égard de l’école et du travail scolaire, les relations conflictuelles des sujets avec leur famille.
La « démocratisation » des relations familiales, un processus pluriel difficile à réguler
Authors: Neyrand Gérard 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : Le processus de « démocratisation » de la famille qui se met en place à la fin des années 1960 ne va pas de soi. S’appuyant sur un ensemble de valeurs portées dès le XVIII e siècle par les philosophes des Lumières et sur de multiples évolutions sociales de niveaux et de temporalités différentes, il mettra près de deux siècles à progressivement s’affirmer, rencontrant de nombreuses résistances à tous niveaux, au nom d’une conception naturaliste de la famille et de la société. Mais le basculement qui s’effectue dans les années 1970 semble irréversible, malgré la violence des débats sociaux qu’il a pu provoquer. Aujourd’hui, la désinstitutionnalisation des relations conjugales, et plus globalement des rapports entre adultes, sous l’égide du principe de consentement réciproque, correspond à un renforcement des liens parentaux, que traduit la constitution d’un véritable dispositif social de parentalité au tournant du XXI e siècle. Se manifestent alors les contradictions et les incohérences de cette démocratisation familiale, que la gestion sociale parentaliste a bien du mal à encadrer, et dont cet article essaie de mettre en évidence les apories et paradoxes.
La famille au risque de la souffrance psychique et de la déscolarisation
Authors: Figueiredo Cristina 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : L’auteure se penche sur les cas de « retrait » scolaire et social en France, et ses conséquences sur les configurations familiales des jeunes qui sont souvent diagnostiqués phobiques (scolaires, sociales) ou en dépression. Lorsque, arrivé devant la porte de l’école ou du collège, un enfant est pris de maux de ventre ou de migraines l’obligeant à faire demi-tour, la famille est amenée à se mobiliser pour comprendre les symptômes somatiques et les justifier auprès de l’institution et de l’entourage. Plusieurs questions émergent alors : l’école est-elle responsable ? Quelle part de responsabilité a la famille ? Que se passe-t-il lorsque les enfants sont temporairement déscolarisés ? Comment ce retrait du monde « ordinaire » est-il perçu et vécu au sein de la famille ? Comment les familles sont-elles alors amenées à réorganiser l’ensemble de leur fonctionnement autour de cette situation ? Il sera ainsi question de problématiser les conditions « normales » de fonctionnement familial et le modèle de l’enfant-élève dans son rapport à la socialisation et aux apprentissages.
L'espace domestique des familles populaires : l'enfant vu comme acteur du groupe familial
Authors: Tillard Bernadette 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : Comme le souligne Esther Goody, parmi les responsabilités qui incombent aux parents, ceux-ci remplissent quotidiennement auprès de leurs enfants des tâches d’alimentation, d’apprentissage et d’entretien de la vie qui participent à leur éducation. Les logements précaires et les faibles revenus des familles de milieux populaires ont une influence sur la manière d’organiser la vie familiale. L’enfant y est sollicité pour participer à la vie domestique, tant dans l’entretien du logement que dans la garde des plus jeunes. Nous relevons dans nos différents terrains auprès de familles populaires du nord de la France quelques particularités de l’éducation des enfants et leurs répercussions sur le statut de l’enfant dans sa famille.
Libertés et pouvoirs : le rôle de l'égalité dans la famille
Authors: Radica Gabrielle 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : Comment défendre la liberté dans les familles ? Cet objectif libéral est d’autant plus délicat à atteindre qu’il inclut à la fois la protection de chaque famille contre les pressions externes et la liberté de chacun de ses membres. Or la seconde partie de l’objectif suppose une lutte contre les inégalités au sein des familles (entre époux, entre parents et enfants), donc une action politique, légale ou encore judiciaire qui peut se retourner contre la liberté qu’elle est censée défendre. Si Locke et Kant veulent favoriser la liberté des membres de la famille par l’égalité juridique, des féministes ont montré que cette égalité formelle se retourne contre la liberté des femmes ; c’est pourquoi les philosophes libérales et féministes Susan Moller Okin et Martha Nussbaum cherchent des réponses globales et politiques pour rendre effective cette égale liberté des membres de la famille.
Vprašanje legitimnosti skupne kmetijske politike z vidika okoljske komponente trajnostnega razvoja podeželja // The issue of CAP legitimacy in terms of the environmental component of sustainable rural development
Authors: Goluža Maruša 
Published: January 2015

Trajnostni razvoj podeželja je postal eden glavnih ciljev skupne evropske kmetijske politike (SKP). Zaradi ukrepov, ki temeljijo na prostovoljnem sodelovanju kmetov, je uresničitev ciljev močno odvisna od kmetov in njihove okoljske zavesti. Nekatere raziskave kažejo na relativno majhen delež kmetov, ki se za izvajanje okolju prijaznih kmetijskih praks odločijo izključno na podlagi odgovornosti varovanja okolja in s doprinosom k trajnostnemu razvoju podeželja. Kmetje, čeprav glavni uporabniki SKP, veljajo za kritike SKP, saj le-ta ne rešuje povsem njihovih težav. Nezaupanje v SKP kaže na pomanjkanje legitimnosti, česar se zaveda tudi Evropska unija. Rešitev, ki bi lahko rešila ta izziv, je vključevanje participativnega procesa v postopke odločanja in oblikovanja politik.Sustainable rural development has become one of the main objectives of the common European agricultural policy (CAP). Due to the voluntary nature of CAP's measures, its success strongly depends on farmers' environmental awareness. Some studies indicate a relatively limited share of farmers whose decisions to implement environmentally friendly agricultural practices are made solely on the basis of their moral duty to contribute to the sustainable rural development. Despite the main beneficiaries of the CAP, farmers strongly criticize the policy, which does not tackle their problems entirely. Farmers' mistrust in the CAP reveals the lack of legitimacy, which has already been recognized by the European Union. The solution which could solve this challenge is the implementation of a participatory process in policy making.
Alkylating Agent Melphalan Augments the Efficacy of Adoptive Immunotherapy Using Tumor-Specific CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Lu Xiaoyun , Ding Zhi-Chun , Cao Yang , Liu Chufeng , Habtetsion Tsadik , Yu Miao , Lemos Henrique , Salman Huda , Xu Hongyan , Mellor Andrew L. , Zhou Gang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In recent years, the immune-potentiating effects of some widely used chemotherapeutic agents have been increasingly appreciated. This provides a rationale for combining conventional chemotherapy with immunotherapy strategies to achieve durable therapeutic benefits. Previous studies have implicated the immunomodulatory effects of melphalan, an alkylating agent commonly used to treat multiple myeloma, but the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. In the present study, we investigated the impact of melphalan on endogenous immune cells as well as adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in tumor-bearing mice. We showed that melphalan treatment resulted in a rapid burst of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines during the cellular recovery phase after melphalan-induced myelodepletion and leukodepletion. After melphalan treatment, tumor cells exhibited characteristics of immunogenic cell death, including membrane translocation of the endoplasmic reticulum–resident calreticulin and extracellular release of high-mobility group box 1. Additionally, there was enhanced tumor Ag uptake by dendritic cells in the tumor-draining lymph node. Consistent with these immunomodulatory effects, melphalan treatment of tumor-bearing mice led to the activation of the endogenous CD8+ T cells and, more importantly, effectively drove the clonal expansion and effector differentiation of adoptively transferred tumor-specific CD4+ T cells. Notably, the combination of melphalan and CD4+ T cell adoptive cell therapy was more efficacious than either treatment alone in prolonging the survival of mice with advanced B cell lymphomas or colorectal tumors. These findings provide mechanistic insights into melphalan’s immunostimulatory effects and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of combining melphalan with adoptive cell therapy utilizing antitumor CD4+ T cells.
Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis After Surgical or Nonsurgical Treatment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harris Kyle P. , Driban Jeffrey B. , Sitler Michael R. , Cattano Nicole M. , Balasubramanian Easwaran , Hootman Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2015

Objective: To determine if surgical or nonsurgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture affects the prevalence of posttraumatic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA).Data Sources: Studies published between 1983 and April 2012 were identified via EBSCOhost and OVID. Reference lists were then screened in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.Study Selection: Studies were included if (a) treatment outcomes focused on a direct comparison of surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture, (b) the prevalence of tibiofemoral OA was reported, and (c) they were written in English. Studies were excluded if (a) the included patients were treated with cast immobilization after surgery, (b) the mean follow-up was less than 10 years, or (c) the patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery.Data Extraction: Two independent investigators reviewed the included articles using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Frequency of OA, surgical procedure, nonsurgical treatments, and participant characteristics were extracted and summarized. We calculated prevalence (%) and 95% confidence intervals for treatment groups for each individual study and overall. We developed 2 × 2 contingency tables to assess the association between treatment groups (exposed had surgery, referent was nonsurgical treatment) and the prevalence of OA.Data Synthesis: Four retrospective studies were identified (140 surgical patients, 240 nonsurgical patients). The mean Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was 5 (range = 4–6 [of 10] points). Average length of follow-up was 11.8 years (range = 10–14 years). The prevalence of OA for surgically treated patients ranged from 32.6% to 51.2% (overall = 41.4%, 95% confidence interval = 35.0%, 48.1%) and for nonsurgical patients ranged from 24.5% to 42.3% (overall = 30.9%, 95% confidence interval = 24.4%, 38.3%).Conclusions: Although OA prevalence was higher in the surgical treatment group at a mean follow-up of 11.8 years, no definitive evidence supports surgical or nonsurgical treatment after anterior cruciate ligament injury to prevent posttraumatic OA. Current studies have been limited by small sample sizes, low methodologic quality, and a lack of data regarding confounding factors.
Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Patients With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability During Walking
Authors: Feger Mark A. , Donovan Luke , Hart Joseph M. , Hertel Jay 
Published: January 2015

ContextAnkle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and many individuals with ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals with CAI exhibit proprioceptive and postural-control deficits, as well as altered osteokinematics, during gait. Neuromuscular activity is theorized to play a pivotal role in CAI, but deficits during walking are unclear.ObjectiveTo compare motor-recruitment patterns as demonstrated by surface electromyography amplitudes between participants with CAI and healthy control participants during walking.DesignDescriptive laboratory study.SettingLaboratory.Patients or Other ParticipantsFifteen adults with CAI (5 men, 10 women; age = 23 ± 4.2 years, height = 173 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 72.4 ± 14 kg) and 15 matched healthy control adults (5 men, 10 women; age = 22.9 ± 3.4 years, height = 173 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 18 kg).Intervention(s)Participants walked shod on a treadmill while surface electromyography signals were recorded from the anterior tibialis, peroneus longus, lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscles.Main Outcome Measure(s)Preinitial contact amplitude, postinitial contact amplitude, time of activation relative to initial contact, and percentage of activation time across the stride cycle were calculated for each muscle.ResultsTime of activation for all muscles tested occurred earlier in the CAI group than in the control group. The peroneus longus was activated for a longer duration across the entire stride cycle in the CAI group (36.0% ± 10.3%) than the control group (23.3% ± 22.2%; P = .05). No differences were noted between groups for measures of electromyographic amplitude at either preinitial or postinitial contact (P &gt; .05).ConclusionsWe identified differences between the CAI and control groups in the timing of muscle activation relative to heel strike in multiple lower extremity muscles and in the percentage of activation time across the entire stride cycle in the peroneus longus muscle. Individuals with CAI demonstrated neuromuscular-activation strategies throughout the lower extremity that were different from those of healthy control participants. Targeted therapeutic interventions for CAI may need to be focused on restoring normal neuromuscular function during gait.
Investigating Cardiac MRI Based Right Ventricular Contractility as a Novel Non-Invasive Metric of Pulmonary Arterial Pressure
Authors: Menon Prahlad G. , Adhypak Srilakshmi M. , Williams Ronald B. , Doyle Mark , Biederman Robert W. W. 
Published: January 2015

Background We test the hypothesis that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging-based indices of four-dimensional (4D) (three dimensions (3D) + time) right ventricle (RV) function have predictive values in ascertaining invasive pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) measurements from right heart catheterization (RHC) in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods We studied five patients with idiopathic PAH and two age and sex-matched controls for RV function using a novel contractility index (CI) for amplitude and phase to peak contraction established from analysis of regional shape variation in the RV endocardium over 20 cardiac phases, segmented from CMR images in multiple orientations. Results The amplitude of RV contractility correlated inversely with RV ejection fraction (RVEF; R2 = 0.64, P = 0.03) and PASP ( R2 = 0.71, P = 0.02). Phase of peak RV contractility also correlated inversely to RVEF ( R2 = 0.499, P = 0.12) and PASP ( R2 = 0.66, P = 0.04). Conclusions RV contractility analyzed from CMR offers promising non-invasive metrics for classification of PAH, which are congruent with invasive pressure measurements.
Evaluating the Clinical Learning Environment: Resident and Fellow Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture
Authors: Bump Gregory M. , Calabria Jaclyn , Gosman Gabriella , Eckart Catherine , Metro David G. , Jasti Harish , McCausland Julie B. , Itri Jason N. , Patel Rita M. , Buchert Andrew 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has begun to evaluate teaching institutions' learning environments with Clinical Learning Environment Review visits, including trainee involvement in institutions' patient safety and quality improvement efforts.

Objective
We sought to address the dearth of metrics that assess trainee patient safety perceptions of the clinical environment.

Methods
Using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), we measured resident and fellow perceptions of patient safety culture in 50 graduate medical education programs at 10 hospitals within an integrated health system. As institution-specific physician scores were not available, resident and fellow scores on the HSOPSC were compared with national data from 29 162 practicing providers at 543 hospitals.

Results
Of the 1337 residents and fellows surveyed, 955 (71.4%) responded. Compared with national practicing providers, trainees had lower perceptions of patient safety culture in 6 of 12 domains, including teamwork within units, organizational learning, management support for patient safety, overall perceptions of patient safety, feedback and communication about error, and communication openness. Higher perceptions were observed for manager/supervisor actions promoting patient safety and for staffing. Perceptions equaled national norms in 4 domains. Perceptions of patient safety culture did not improve with advancing postgraduate year.

Conclusions
Trainees in a large integrated health system have variable perceptions of patient safety culture, as compared with national norms for some practicing providers. Administration of the HSOPSC was feasible and acceptable to trainees, and may be used to track perceptions over time.
COMPRESSIVE MECHANICAL BEHAVIORS OF HYBRID COMPOSITE MATERIALS BASED ON MICRO LATTICE STRUCTURE AND RUBBERLIKE MATERIALS
Authors: Gümrük Recep , Mazlum Uğur , Mines R. A. W. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
This article investigates compressive and energy absorption characteristics for composites obtained by filling stainless steel micro lattice materials, manufactured via the selective laser melting method, with three different rubbers, including room temperature vulcanization silicone, natural rubber, and neoprene rubber. At the stage of building the composites with natural and neoprene rubbers, an experimental setup was designed for these two rubbers to be infiltrated into lattice spaces under vulcanization temperatures and high pressures. The results showed that the composites with silicone and neoprene matrix had a quite similar response as well as a seriously enhanced energy absorbing capacity and plateau stresses, in comparison with the corresponding lattice structures, for especially small sized lattice components. Also, the compression tests of the composite with natural rubber matrix clearly show that there should be no large differences between the individual mechanical properties of each component in the composite, and, in this way, the contribution of each component on the mechanical behavior of composite should be guaranteed to provide the satisfying performance.
The Sound of Rocks Aquiver? Composing Racial Ambivalence in Territorial Hawai‘i
Authors: Szego C. K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article explores racial ambivalence in the social activism and music composition of Uldrick Thompson, a European American teacher and eugenicist living in Hawai‘i during the early territorial period. I read Thompson’s song “Pele’s Chant” as a revisionist text of Hawaiian legendry adapted to his liberal Christian ethos and eugenic thinking. Ambivalence is evident in the composer’s simultaneous emulation and denial of Hawaiian musical models; it is also evident in his guardianship of young Hawaiians and his belief in Hawaiians’ fate as a “dying race.” The concept of ambivalence is at the core of much of the contemporary literature on orientalism that examines the subject positions of those who simultaneously idealize and repudiate ethnic/racial others. Despite its importance, the concept is often treated in an implicit manner, and this article seeks to bring it into full and explicit relief.
Straparola and the Fairy Tale: Between Literary and Oral Traditions
Authors: Ziolkowski Jan M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Against Ruth B. Bottigheimer’s argument that the sixteenth-century Italian author Giovanni Francesco Straparola originated fairy tale in its best-known form, this article maintains that ancient and medieval texts contain earlier literary adaptations of folktales that qualify as fairy tales. Particular attention is paid to similarities between Straparola’s ”Il re porco“ and the Medieval Latin Asinarius. Such affinities suggest that oral tradition is not as difficult to document before the print era as Bottigheimer asserts. With regard to her theory that Straparola invented the narrative pattern that she calls ”rise tales,“ this article offers evidence that one such tale may be found as early as the second century CE, in Apuleius’s famous ”Cupid and Psyche.“ In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries folklorists were deeply concerned with studying the distribution of folktales across space and time; their key preoccupations were questions about origins and about the relationship between orality and literacy. These issues deserve to retain a central place in folklore studies.