bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Responses to Earnings News: A Case for Ambiguity
Authors: Williams Christopher D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
This study empirically examines the role of shocks to macro-uncertainty in shaping the responses of stock market participants to firm-specific earnings news. Specifically, I find that investors place greater weight on bad news following an increase in macro-uncertainty. By contrast, I find that investors place equal weight on both good and bad news following a decrease in macro-uncertainty. Furthermore, my findings show that these effects are more pronounced (1) for firms whose prior returns are more correlated with macro-uncertainty, (2) for firms that experience abnormally low trading volume during the earnings announcement, (3) for firms with relatively lower levels of institutional ownership, and (4) for firms with relatively higher information uncertainty. In sum, these findings provide novel empirical evidence that investors behave in a manner consistent with ambiguity aversion, with the effects strongest among unsophisticated investors.
Construction of new GFP-tagged fusants for Trichoderma harzianum with enhanced biocontrol activity
Authors: Kowsari Mojegan , Motallebi Mostafa , Zamani Reza Mohammad 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Trichoderma is one of the most exploited biocontrol agents for the management of plant diseases. In biocontrol ecology, the critical factors are detection, and the monitoring and recovery of specific biocontrol agents either naturally present or deliberately released into the environment. Protoplast fusion is an appropriate tool for the improvement of biocontrol Trichoderma strains. Protoplast isolation from Trichoderma harzianum was achieved using 24 h culture age, 6.6 mg/ml Novazym L 1412 at 30°C which resulted the maximum protoplast yield of 5 × 108/ml. The self-fused protoplasts were regenerated and 12 fusants were selected based on their growth rate on 2% colloidal chitin medium. Next, a comparison was done for chitinase and antagonistic activity. Transcriptomic analysis based on quantitative real-time RT-PCR, demonstrated that T8-05 fusant expressed 1.5 fold of chit42 transcript as compared with the parental line. This fusant with 7.02±0.15U chitinase activity showed a higher growth inhibition rate (100%) than the parent strain, against Rhizoctonia solani. To obtain a genetically marked fusant that can be used as a biomonitor, the fusant was cotransformed with the gfp and amdS genes. The morphology and viability of selected cotransformant (FT8-7MK-05-2) was similar to the parent. Green fluorescing conidia were observed within the first 2 days of incubation in the soil, and this was followed by the formation of chlamydopores after 60 days. The colonisation of the gfp-tagged fusant was also monitored visually on R. solani sclerotia by scanning electron microscopy. Production of gfp-tagged fusant of Trichoderma spp. provides a potentially useful tool for monitoring hyphal growth patterns and the population of biocontrol agent isolates introduced into environmental systems.
Comparison of mineral spray oil, Confidor, Dursban, and Abamectin used for the control of Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae), and an evaluation of the activity of this pest in citrus orchards in northern Iran
Authors: Damavandian Mohammad Reza , Moosavi Seyedeh Fatemeh Kiaeian 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The efficacy of three types of mineral spray oil (MSO), and Abamectin plus MSO to control the citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton were compared with the conventional broad spectrum pesticides, Confidor, and Dursban, in two citrus orchards in northern Iran. Differences were found among the various concentrations of MSO in the number of mines and live larva per leaf, sampled 5 days after the application of 3 sprays at an interval of 5 days. Mineral spray oil applied at a rate of ≥ 0.65% in water, showed no significant differences when compared with Confidor, and Dursban. Abamectin plus MSO at a rate of 0.02% plus 0.50% in water respectively, provided the highest level of control and reduced the population of larva up to 85%. Generally, a concentration of ≥ 0.65% MSO in water caused a significant damage reduction. However, by reducing the MSO concentration, the rate of control was decreased. In another field experiment conducted in mature citrus orchards, the effect of two pest management types (applying just MSO vs. usage of synthetic pesticides) on the activity of P. citrella, was evaluated. The comparison results indicated that there is more P. citrella damage in orchards under pressure of synthetic pesticides than in orchards in which the synthetic pesticides were eliminated for years.
Sublethal effects of some synthetic and botanical insecticides on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Esmaeily Saeideh , Samih Mohammad Amin , Zarabi Mehdi , Jafarbeigi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In addition to direct mortality caused by insecticides, some biological traits of insects may also be affected by sublethal insecticide doses. In this study, we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method to evaluate the sublethal effects of the four synthetic insecticides: abamectin, imidacloprid, diazinon, and pymetrozin as well as the botanical insecticide taken from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) extract, on eggs of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). The lowest and highest survival rates and oviposition periods were observed in whiteflies treated by diazinon and imidacloprid, respectively. We found significant differences in the net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), and the gross reproductive rate (GRR) among different insecticides. Altogether, our results showed that pymetrozin and C. procera induced the most sublethal effects, thus they may be suitable candidates for use in integrated pest management programs of B. tabaci.
Sports Tourism
Authors: Gozalova Marina , Shchikanov Alexey , Vernigor Aleksandr , Bagdasarian Vardan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
. This article is devoted to sports tourism. The purpose of this article is to examine theoretical material on sports tourism, to analyze sports tourism in Russia and to search for promising areas for the study of sports tourism in our country.
Material and methods
. In this part the authors develop the idea of the role of doing sports and keeping fit. For anyone who really wants to be healthy, fitness has become an integral part of their lives.
Results
. The purpose of this research is to study theoretical material on sports tourism, to analyze sports tourism in Russia and to search for promising areas for the study of sports tourism in our country. On the basis of their research the authors come to the conclusion that sports and tourism are interconnected. There are important factors affecting the situation of sports tourism in Russia. The paper examines sports tourism attractions in Russia.
Conclusion
. The authors conclude that there exists a high correlation dependence of foreign and domestic development of sports tourism on resources allocated for sports infrastructure. All in all, sports tourism tours draw visitors to their favorite sporting event, facility, or destination throughout the world.
Investments in Recreational and Sports Infrastructure aS A Basis for the Development of Sports Tourism On the Example of Spa Municipalities
Authors: Hadzik Andrzej , Grabara Małgorzata 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
. Among the basic conditions for the development of tourism in spa municipalities, investments in different infrastructure, including recreational and sports facilities should be distinguished. The aim of this work was to show the scope and the financing of sports and recreational investments in selected spa municipalities in Poland.
Material and methods
. The article uses the diagnostic survey method. The surveys were carried out in June 2012 among the representatives of the selected spa municipalities with the use of a specially prepared questionnaire.
Results
. The municipalities covered in this research declared carrying out investments in recreational and sports infrastructure, most often in football pitches. During the survey the highest number of investments of this type were conducted in Kołobrzeg. Among other recreational and sports projects, one of the most popular was investing in cycling routes. The research on the sources of financing of investments in recreational and sports infrastructure shows that almost all municipalities declared using funds from their own income. Furthermore, most of the analyzed municipalities used resources from the European Union. Other sources of financing were not that popular.
Conclusion
. In the time of apparent competitiveness and globalization of the spa market, recreational and sports facilities are very important. The authors believe that sports tourism can be one of the forms of health tourism in spas. The conducted research of spa municipalities has proved that:
- major recreational and sports investments covered sports fields, mainly football pitches and cycling routes,
- the primary sources of financing in the analyzed municipalities turned out to be their own income and resources from the EU.
Salesmanin Abu Dhabi: The Geopathology of Objects
Authors: Riordan Kevin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:In Theater Mitu’s Abu Dhabi production of Death of a Salesman, most of the parts were played by physical objects. With their meticulous attention to the material relationships onstage, Mitu reveals how Salesman – and modern drama, more generally – moves and is made to move unevenly in the global repertory. Spurred by this production, the article puts into conversation the recent critical discourses on global theatre and performing objects. Global studies of theatre, as they accumulate their examples, tend to distance themselves critically from individual performances as performances. The study of performing objects, in a sense, checks these more sweeping critical tendencies by reminding us of the obstinate materiality, contingency, and strangeness of live theatre. In its defamiliarization of a familiar tragedy, Mitu’s Salesman negotiates this methodological difference and illuminates the physical ways that performance moves onstage and off, and both in and out of our critical gaze.
Using Simulation Education With Deliberate Practice to Teach Leadership and Resource Management Skills to Senior Resident Code Leaders
Authors: Burden Amanda R. , Pukenas Erin W. , Deal Edward R. , Coursin Douglas B. , Dodson Gregory M. , Staman Gregory W. , Gratz Irwin , Torjman Marc C. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Cardiopulmonary arrests are rare, high-stakes events that benefit from using crisis resource management (CRM). Simulation-based education with deliberate practice can promote skill acquisition.

Objective
We assessed whether using simulation-based education to teach CRM would lead to improved performance, compared to a lecture format.

Methods
We tested third-year internal medicine residents in simulated code scenarios. Participants were randomly assigned to simulation-based education with deliberate practice (SIM) group or lecture (LEC) group. We created a checklist of CRM critical actions (which includes announcing the diagnosis, asking for help/suggestions, and assigning tasks), and reviewed videotaped performances, using a checklist of skills and communications patterns to identify CRM skills and communication efforts. Subjects were tested in simulated code scenarios 6 months after the initial assessment.

Results
At baseline, all 52 subjects recognized distress, and 92% (48 of 52) called for help. Seventy-eight percent (41 of 52) did not succeed in resuscitating the simulated patient or demonstrate the CRM skills. After intervention, both groups (n  =  26 per group) improved. All SIM subjects announced the diagnosis compared to 65% LEC subjects (17 of 26, P  =  .01); 77% (20 of 26) SIM and 19% (5 of 26) LEC subjects asked for suggestions (P &lt; .001); and 100% (26 of 26) SIM and 27% (7 of 26) LEC subjects assigned tasks (P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
The SIM intervention resulted in significantly improved team communication and cardiopulmonary arrest management. During debriefing, participants acknowledged the benefit of the SIM sessions.
Lichtgesteuertes Schalten von Azobenzol‐Oligoglycerin‐Konjugaten auf supramolekular funktionalisierten Oberflächen
Authors: Nachtigall Olaf , Kördel Christian , Urner Leonhard H. , Haag Rainer 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWir berichten über die Synthese, die Komplexierung und das Schalten in verschiedenen Umgebungen neuer difunktionaler Azobenzol‐Oligoglycerin‐Konjugate. Zunächst wurden die Schalter durch Wirt‐Gast‐Chemie an Goldoberflächen gekuppelt, und zwar über β‐Cyclodextrin‐Rezeptoren, die zuvor auf den entsprechenden Oberflächen immobilisiert worden waren, sowie eine Adamantylgruppe am Azobenzol. Das Isomerisierungsverhalten der amphiphilen Azobenzolderivate wurde in Lösung, auf Goldnanopartikeln und auf planaren Goldoberflächen untersucht. Durch die Bestrahlung mit Licht zweier Wellenlängen konnte die Benetzbarkeit der supramolekular funktionalisierten Oberflächen reversibel verändert werden. Zusätzlich zu den Photoisomerisierungsprozessen und den damit verbundenen Auswirkungen auf die Oberflächenfunktionalität wurde das thermische Rückschalten der cis‐Isomere und ihrer Komplexe zur trans‐Konfiguration beobachtet. So konnten thermische Halbwertszeiten der cis‐Isomere errechnet werden, um eine Aussage über ihre Stabilität treffen zu können.
Epidemiology and survivorship of soft tissue sarcomas in adults: a national cancer database report
Authors: Corey Robert M. , Swett Katrina , Ward William G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) of the American College of Surgeons gather demographic and survival data on ~70% of cancers in the USA. We wanted to investigate the demographic and survivorship data on this potentially more representative cohort of patients with soft tissue sarcomas. We selected 34 of the most commonly encountered soft tissue sarcomas reported to the NCDB, provided that each entity contained a minimum of 50 cases. This report summarizes the demographic and survivorship data on 63,714 patients with these 34 histologically distinct soft tissue sarcomas reported to the NCDB from 1998 to 2010. The overall survivorships of these sarcomas were near the lower limits of many prior reports due to the all‐inclusive, minimally biased inclusion criteria. The overall best prognosis was Dermatofibrosarcoma NOS (not otherwise specified). (5‐year survivorship 92%). The worst prognosis was Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma (5‐year survivorship 19%). New observations included Biphasic Synovial Sarcoma demonstrating a better 5‐year survivorship (65%) compared to spindle‐cell synovial sarcoma (56%, P < 0.031) and Synovial Sarcoma, NOS (52%, P < 0.001). The demographic and 2‐ and 5‐year survivorship data for all 34 soft tissue sarcomas are presented herein. This extent of demographic and survival data in soft tissue sarcomas is unprecedented. Because of the large number of cases and the inclusive nature of the NCDB, without restriction to certain stages, categories, or treatments, it is less subject to selection bias. Therefore, these data are thought to be more reflective of the true overall prognosis given the current management of sarcoma across the NCDB contributing sites.
Microarray‐Based Identification of Lectins for the Purification of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles Directly from Urine Samples
Authors: Echevarria Juan , Royo Felix , Pazos Raquel , Salazar Lorena , Falcon‐Perez Juan Manuel , Reichardt Niels‐Christian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAs cellular‐derived vesicles largely maintain the biomolecule composition of their original tissue, exosomes, which are found in nearly all body fluids, have enormous potential as clinical disease markers. A major bottleneck in the development of exosome‐based diagnostic assays is the challenging purification of these vesicles; this requires time‐consuming and instrument‐based procedures. We employed lectin arrays to identify potential lectins as probes for affinity‐based isolation of exosomes from the urinary matrix. We found three lectins that showed specific interactions to vesicles and no (or only residual) interaction with matrix proteins. Based on these findings a bead‐based method for lectin‐based isolation of exosomes from urine was developed as a sample preparation step for exosome‐based biomarker research.
GuA6DT, a Regiospecific Prenyltransferase from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Catalyzes the 6‐Prenylation of Flavones
Authors: Li Jianhua , Chen Ridao , Wang Ruishan , Liu Xiao , Xie Dan , Zou Jianhua , Dai Jungui 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGuA6DT, a flavonoid prenyltransferase, was identified from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and it was found that this enzyme regiospecifically transfers a dimethylallyl moiety to apigenin at the C‐6 position. A further substrate specificity investigation indicated that the existence of hydroxyls at both the C‐5 and C‐7 positions of the flavone skeleton is critical for the prenylation. However, substitutions on the B‐ring had negligible influence on the prenylation. A comparison of GuA6DT expression in different organs revealed that mRNA is mainly expressed in the aerial parts. Moreover, the GuA6DT mRNA was found to be regulated at the transcriptional level, because methyl jasmonate induced upregulation in cultured cells. GuA6DT is the first identified flavone prenyltransferase to exhibit strict substrate specificity and regiospecificity.
Retroactive interference of object‐in‐context long‐term memory: Role of dorsal hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Martínez María Cecilia , Villar María Eugenia , Ballarini Fabricio , Viola Haydée 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTRetroactive interference (RI) is a type of amnesia in which a new learning experience can impair the expression of a previous one. It has been studied in several types of memories for over a century. Here, we aimed to study in the long‐term memory (LTM) formation of an object‐in‐context task, defined as the recognition of a familiar object in a context different to that in which it was previously encountered. We trained rats with two sample trials, each taking place in a different context in association with different objects. Test sessions were performed 24 h later, to evaluate LTM for both object‐context pairs using separate groups of trained rats. Furthermore, given the involvement of hippocampus (Hp) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in several recognition memories, we also analyzed the participation of these structures in the LTM formation of this task by the local infusion of muscimol. Our results show that object‐in‐context LTM formation is sensitive to RI by a different either familiar or novel object‐context pair trial, experienced 1 h later. This interference occurs in a restricted temporal window and works on the LTM consolidation phase, leaving intact short‐term memory expression. The second sample trial did not affect the object recognition part of the memory. Besides, muscimol treatment before the second sample trial blocks its object‐in‐context LTM and restores the first sample trial memory. We hypothesized that LTM‐RI amnesia is probably caused by resources or cellular machinery competition in these brain regions when they are engaged in memory formation of the traces. In sum, when two different object‐in‐context memory traces are being processed, the second trace interferes with the consolidation of the first one requiring mPFC and CA1 dorsal Hp activation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organic Host Materials for Solution‐Processed Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Li Wei , Li Jiuyan , Wang Miao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAs a new technology for flat‐panel displays and general lighting sources, solution‐processed phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) unfurl a bright future, due to their merits of high quantum efficiency and easy fabrication. In recent years, great progress has been made in the device performance of solution‐processed PhOLEDs, by developing both high‐efficiency organometallic phosphors and novel solution‐processable organic host materials. This review highlights recently developed organic host materials for triplet guest emitters in solution‐processed PhOLEDs. The solution‐processable host materials are classified into three types – small molecule, dendrimer, and polymer – according to their molecular architecture and molecular weight. The material design concept and the relationships between the molecular structure, material properties and device performance are the focus of this discussion. A future strategy for the development of high‐performance solution‐processed host materials is proposed.
A New Class of Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes of 1,3‐Bis(N‐alkylbenzimidazol‐2′‐yl)benzene‐Type Ligands and Their Application Studies in the Fabrication of Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Lam Elizabeth Suk‐Hang , Tam Anthony Yiu‐Yan , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel class of luminescent platinum(II) bzimb (1,3‐bis(N‐alkylbenzimidazol‐2′‐yl)benzene) complexes has been designed and synthesized. With the incorporation of various substituents on the anionic phenyl ring of the bzimb ligand, the emission color can be readily tuned. Their photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescence properties have been studied. These platinum(II) bzimb complexes have been demonstrated to be capable of serving as phosphorescent dopants. Efficient solution‐processable OLEDs (organic light‐emitting devices), with a maximum external quantum efficiency of up to 4.85 %, can be achieved. This class of platinum(II) bzimb complexes represents a promising class of phosphorescent dopants for solution‐processable OLEDs.
Mini‐review: soft sensors as means for PAT in the manufacture of bio‐therapeutics
Authors: Mandenius Carl‐Fredrik , Gustavsson Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis mini‐review discusses how soft sensors can contribute to accomplish FDA's process analytical technology (PAT) ambitions in the manufacture of bio‐therapeutics. Focus is on applications with protein‐based drugs (proteins, antibodies), but also gene therapy vectors as well as cell cultures are considered where chemical and bio‐analytical as well as mathematical and statistical methods are used as tools.An overview of existing soft sensor alternatives and how these can be configured to meet typical industrial needs is provided. It is noted how several of these needs coincide with the PAT regulatory incentives but do also address process economic aspects of bio‐therapeutic manufacture. Evaluation of soft sensor alternatives is highlighted in relation to the production targets, quality attributes and the specification of these as well as shortcomings and needs for further improvements. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
An Acrylic Latex Filled with Zinc Oxide by Miniemulsion Polymerization as a Protective Coating for Stones
Authors: Serra Chiara Letizia , Tulliani Jean‐Marc , Sangermano Marco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn acrylic latex filled with ZnO by miniemulsion polymerization are developed for stone protection. The main latex chemical properties are determined through dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. Contact angle determination, capillary water absorption, scanning electron microscopy observations, and colorimetric measurements are also used to evaluate the coating. The accelerated photo‐aging of the dried films are monitored by infrared spectroscopy. The synthesis of a water dispersion product and the photostability reached through the introduction of ZnO represent the main advantages of this coating for the use in the field of stone conservation.