bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cool water vs warm water immersion for minimal sedation colonoscopy: a double‐blind randomized trial
Authors: Falt P. , Šmajstrla V. , Fojtík P. , Tvrdík J. , Urban O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimWater‐aided insertion as an alternative colonoscopy technique reduces patient discomfort. Warm water has been used in most published trials, but the use of cool water is easier and, if equally effective, could support the use of the water‐aided technique in routine practice.MethodA double‐blind, randomized, single‐centre study was performed in which 201 patients were randomized to either cool (20–24°C) or warm (37°C) water immersion insertion. The primary outcome was caecal intubation time. The success rate of minimal sedation and patient discomfort were also assessed.ResultsThe caecal intubation time for cool and warm water was similar (6.9 ± 3.5 vs 7.0 ± 3.4 min, P = 0.64). The respective success rates of minimal sedation colonoscopy (89.1% vs 90%, P = 1.00) and discomfort (P = 0.51) were no different. All other outcomes except a greater need for abdominal compression in the cool water arm (P = 0.04) were similar including the total procedure time, terminal ileum intubation rate, adenoma detection, length of the inserted scope, water volume, non‐standard position rate, difficulty of the procedure and the patient's temperature sensation.ConclusionThe use of cool water did not modify the caecal intubation time compared with warm water. Exception for abdominal compression, all other end‐points were no different. Cool water immersion is an alternative to the technically more demanding warm water immersion colonoscopy.
Impaired exercise capacity after lung transplantation is related to delayed recovery of muscle strength
Authors: Walsh James R. , Chambers Daniel C. , Davis Rebecca J. , Morris Norman R. , Seale Helen E. , Yerkovich Stephanie T. , Hopkins Peter M.A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLung transplant recipients report reduced exercise capacity despite satisfactory graft function. We analysed changes in lung function, six‐min walk distance (6MWD), and quadriceps strength in the first 26‐wk post‐transplant and examined what factors predict 6MWD recovery. All lung transplant recipients at a single institution between June 2007 and January 2011 were considered for inclusion. Lung function, 6MWD, and quadriceps strength corrected for body weight (QS%) were recorded pre‐ and two‐, six‐, 13‐, and 26‐wk post‐transplant. Fifty recipients, of mean (±SD) age 42 (±13) yr, were studied. Mean FEV1% and 6MWD improved from 26.4% to 88.9% and from 397 to 549 m at 26 wk, respectively (both p < 0.001). QS% declined in the first two wk but had improved to above pre‐transplant levels by 26 wk (p = 0.027). On multivariate analysis (n = 35), lower pre‐transplant exercise capacity and greater recovery in muscle strength explained most of the improvement in exercise capacity. Delayed recovery of exercise capacity after lung transplantation is unrelated to delay in improvement in graft function, but occurs secondary to the slow recovery of muscle strength. Our findings show that additional controlled trials are needed to better understand the influence of exercise rehabilitation on improvement in exercise capacity post‐transplantation.
Induction therapy in adult intestinal transplantation: reduced incidence of rejection with “2‐dose” alemtuzumab protocol
Authors: Lauro A. , Zanfi C. , Bagni A. , Cescon M. , Siniscalchi A. , Pellegrini S. , Pironi L. , Pinna A. D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe incidence of early rejection after intestinal transplantation correlates with heightened risk of graft loss and mortality. Many different induction or pre‐conditioning protocols have been reported in the last 10 yr to improve outcomes; however, sepsis remains prevalent and diminishes long‐term results. We recently began a “2‐dose” alemtuzumab trial protocol – 15 mg at day 0 and 15 mg repeated on day 7 – with the hope of reducing our infection rate. We compared three different protocols used at our institution (daclizumab, conventional “4‐dose” alemtuzumab, and “2‐dose” alemtuzumab). There was a significantly lower rate of early rejection with the “2‐dose” alemtuzumab protocol in our study group of mainly (88%) intestinal grafts without accompanying liver engraftment with its protective immunologic effect. Sepsis remained low. Longer follow‐up will be required to evaluate the effects of this new protocol on longer‐term outcomes.
Infants use social context to bind actions into a collaborative sequence
Authors: Fawcett Christine , Gredebäck Gustaf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEye tracking was used to show that 18‐month‐old infants are sensitive to social context as a sign that others’ actions are bound together as a collaborative sequence based on a joint goal. Infants observed five identical demonstrations in which Actor 1 moved a block to one location and Actor 2 moved the same block to a new location, creating a sequence of actions that could be considered either individual actions or collaboration. In the test phase, Actor 1 was alone and sitting so that she could reach both locations. The question was whether she would place a new block in the location she had previously (individual goal) or in the location that could be considered the goal of collaboration (joint goal). Importantly, in the Social condition, the actors were socially engaged with each other before and during the demonstration, while in the Non‐Social condition, they were not. Results revealed that infants in the Social condition spontaneously anticipated Actor 1 placing her block in the joint goal location more often than those in the Non‐Social condition. Thus, the social context seems to allow infants to bind actions into a collaborative sequence and anticipate joint rather than individual goals, giving insight into how actions are perceived using top‐down processing early in life.
Nesting habitat use by river chubs in a hydrologically variable Appalachian tailwater
Authors: Peoples Brandon K. , McManamay Ryan A. , Orth Donald J. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAs hydrologic alteration continues to affect aquatic biodiversity, knowledge of the spawning requirements of fishes, especially ‘keystone’ or ‘foundation’ species, is critical for conservation and management. The objectives of this study were to quantify the spawning micro‐ and mesohabitat use of river chub Nocomis micropogon, a gravel mound nesting minnow, in a hydrologically regulated river in North Carolina, USA. At the microhabitat scale, substrate sizes on nests were compared with pebble counts in 1‐m2 adjacent quadrats. Average depths and current velocities at nests were compared with measurements from paired transects. At the mesohabitat scale, generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to identify the importance of average bed slope, average depth and percentages of rock outcrops (a measure of flow heterogeneity and velocity shelters) for predicting nest presence and abundance. To relate nesting activities to hydrologic alteration from dam operation, nest dimensions were measured before and after a scheduled discharge event approximately six times that of base flow. Additionally, linear regression was used to predict changes in the use of flow refugia and overhead cover with increased fluvial distance from the dam. Microhabitats in which nests were placed had, on average, slower current velocities and shallower depths. Gravel diameters of nests were significantly smaller than substrate particles adjacent to nests. GLMMs revealed that mesohabitats with nests were shallower, had more moderate slopes and greater proportions of rock outcrops than mesohabitats without nests. The scheduled discharge event significantly flattened nests. Near the dam, nests were built in close proximity (≤2 m) to velocity shelters; this relationship diminished with distance from the dam. River chubs are spawning habitat specialists. Because multiple species rely on river chub nests for reproduction and food, the needs of this species should be considered when managing instream flows.
School‐based eating disorder prevention: a pilot effectiveness trial of teacher‐delivered Media Smart
Authors: Wilksch Simon M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThis pilot study tested teacher‐delivered Media Smart, a school‐based eating disorder prevention program that has achieved significant benefits when delivered by health professionals.MethodTwo Grade 7 classes (N = 51; M age = 12.43 years) participated, with one randomly allocated to Media Smart (n = 27; 67% girls) and the other to a control condition of usual lessons (n = 24; 37% girls). Program feasibility was assessed by teacher self‐report, whereas student self‐report of shape and weight concern (primary outcome variable) and seven additional risk factors were measured at baseline, post‐program and 6‐month follow up.ResultsTeacher ratings of program feasibility revealed that 25 of the 29 (86.2%) program activities were taught with 96% of activities rated as either highly (19 activities) or moderately (5 activities) valuable for students. Mixed model analyses were conducted using a 2 (group: Media Smart, control) × 2 (time: post‐program, 6‐month follow up) × 2 (gender: girls, boys) design, with baseline scores as a covariate. A not‐significant trend for group favouring Media Smart was observed for shape and weight concern (Cohen's d effect size [d] = 0.32), whereas significant effects were found for feelings of ineffectiveness (d = 0.52) and weight‐related peer teasing (d = 0.68).ConclusionsThe program was feasible for teacher delivery and showed some promising results, supporting a more substantial randomized‐controlled effectiveness trial.
Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II variations predict adverse prognosis in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Silkjaer Trine , Nyvold Charlotte Guldborg , Juhl‐Christensen Caroline , Hokland Peter , Nørgaard Jan Maxwell 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlterations in the two catalytic genes cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II (COI and COII) have recently been suggested to have an adverse impact on prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In order to explore this in further detail, we sequenced these two mitochondrial genes in diagnostic bone marrow or blood samples in 235 patients with AML. In 37 (16%) patients, a non‐synonymous variation in either COI or COII could be demonstrated. No patients harboured both COI and COII non‐synonymous variations. Twenty‐four (10%) patients had non‐synonymous variations in COI, whereas 13 (6%) patients had non‐synonymous variations in COII. The COI and COII are essential subunits of cytochrome c oxidase that is the terminal enzyme in the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. In terms of disease course, we observed that in patients with a normal cytogenetic analysis at disease presentation (CN‐AML) treated with curative intent, the presence of a non‐synonymous variation in the COII was an adverse prognostic marker for both overall survival and disease‐free survival (DFS) in both univariate (DFS; hazard ratio (HR) 4.4, P = 0.006) and multivariate analyses (DFS; HR 7.2, P = 0.001). This is the first demonstration of a mitochondrial aberration playing an adverse prognostic role in adult AML, and we argue that its role as a potentially novel adverse prognostic marker in the subset of CN‐AML should be explored further.
An investigation into the move towards electronic journals: a case study of NHS libraries in Kent, Surrey and Sussex
Authors: England Rebecca 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElectronic journals are so embedded into practice in academic libraries that it is easy to forget that this is not the case everywhere. In NHS libraries, for example, the staff face a particular set of issues. This article is based on Rebecca England's dissertation on this topic, completed as part of the MSc Econ course in Information and Library studies at Aberystwyth University. Rebecca is E‐resources Librarian at the Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust. She investigated the momentum towards electronic journals in NHS libraries in the Kent, Surrey and Sussex region and the potential for a regional purchasing consortium.AM
Molecular characteristics of the MHC‐DRA genes from yak (Bos grunniens) and Chinese yakow (Bos grunniens × Bos taurus)
Authors: Sun Y. , Zheng H. , Xi D. , Zhang X. , Du M. , Pu L. , Lin M. , Yang Y. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryTwo full‐length cDNAs (762 bp) of the DRA gene from yak and Chinese yakow were isolated and analysed to identify structural and functional variations. The sequences for DRA in yak (Bogr‐DRA) and Chinese yakow (Bogr × BoLA‐DRA) were essentially identical to those for cattle (99%) and buffalo (97%). Except for two substitutions in the amino acids comprising the domain for signal peptide (SP) in yak, the additional residues were highly conserved across the species investigated. Peptide‐binding site (PBS) of Bogr‐DRA and Bogr × BoLA‐DRA was highly reserved in the α1 domain among all species investigated. The lack of mutation in Bogr‐DRA is consistent with the conception that the gene is highly conserved among all mammalian species. The very high conservation of the DRA gene among ruminants, including yak, may be due to its recent evolutionary detachment.
Increased frequency and suppressive activity of CD127low/− regulatory T cells in the peripheral circulation of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma are associated with advanced stage and nodal involvement
Authors: Drennan Samantha , Stafford Nicholas D. , Greenman John , Green Victoria L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe presence of regulatory T (Treg) cells is thought to be an important mechanism by which head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) successfully evades the immune system. Using multicolour flow cytometry, the frequency and functional capacity of two CD4+ CD127low/− Treg cell populations, separated on the basis of different levels of CD25 expression (CD25inter and CD25high), from the peripheral circulation of newly presenting HNSCC patients were assessed with regard to clinicopathological features and healthy controls. The frequency of circulating Treg cells was similar between HNSCC patients and healthy controls, and for patients with HNSCC developing from different subsites (laryngeal compared with oropharyngeal). However, patients with advanced stage tumours and those with nodal involvement had significantly elevated levels of CD4+ CD25high CD127low/− Treg cells compared with patients who had early stage tumours (P = 0·03) and those without nodal involvement (P = 0·03), respectively. CD4+ CD25high CD127low/− Treg cells from the entire HNSCC patient cohort and from patients whose tumours had metastasized to the lymph nodes were also shown to suppress the proliferation of effector T cells significantly more, compared with those from healthy controls (P = 0·04) or patients with no nodal involvement (P = 0·04). Additionally, CD4+ CD25inter CD127low/− Treg cells consistently induced greater suppressive activity than CD4+ CD25high CD127low/− Treg cells on the proliferation of the effector T‐cell populations (CD4+ CD25− CD127−/+ and CD4+ CD25+ CD127+). Peripheral Treg cells, identified by the CD127low/− phenotype, have been shown to be influenced by a patient's tumour stage and/or nodal status in HNSCC; suggesting a role in tumour progression that could be manipulated by future immunotherapy.
Macroeconomic impact of a mild influenza pandemic and associated policies in Thailand, South Africa and Uganda: a computable general equilibrium analysis
Authors: Smith Richard D. , Keogh‐Brown Marcus R. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPrevious research has demonstrated the value of macroeconomic analysis of the impact of influenza pandemics. However, previous modelling applications focus on high‐income countries and there is a lack of evidence concerning the potential impact of an influenza pandemic on lower‐ and middle‐income countries.ObjectivesTo estimate the macroeconomic impact of pandemic influenza in Thailand, South Africa and Uganda with particular reference to pandemic (H1N1) 2009.MethodsA single‐country whole‐economy computable general equilibrium (CGE) model was set up for each of the three countries in question and used to estimate the economic impact of declines in labour attributable to morbidity, mortality and school closure.ResultsOverall GDP impacts were less than 1% of GDP for all countries and scenarios. Uganda's losses were proportionally larger than those of Thailand and South Africa. Labour‐intensive sectors suffer the largest losses.ConclusionsThe economic cost of unavoidable absence in the event of an influenza pandemic could be proportionally larger for low‐income countries. The cost of mild pandemics, such as pandemic (H1N1) 2009, appears to be small, but could increase for more severe pandemics and/or pandemics with greater behavioural change and avoidable absence.
Influence of Grain and Grain‐Boundary Resistances on Dielectric Properties of KNbO3 Under Small DC Bias Field
Authors: Sharath Sankaramangalam Ulhas , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Raghvendra   , Singh Bheeshma Pratap , Kumar Pravin , Singh Prabhakar 
Published: July 2013

Lead‐free piezoelectric potassium niobate (KNbO3) system was synthesized by conventional solid‐state ceramic route. Rietveld analysis of X‐ray diffraction data of this system revealed that the sample crystallized in pure orthorhombic perovskite phase at room temperature. SEM micrograph of this system depicted presence of grains having diffuse brick structure with an average grain size of 500 nm. Dielectric properties of KNbO3 ceramic were investigated under different DC bias voltage in a broad frequency (from 20 Hz to 1 MHz) and temperature (from 200°C to 500°C) ranges in its three crystalline phases. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing bias field in all three phases. The loss tangent of this system was found to increase first, and then it becomes constant with increasing bias field. These properties have been explained in terms of variation of grain and grain‐boundary resistances with bias field.
Reporting adverse events in randomized controlled trials in periodontology: a systematic review
Authors: Faggion Clovis M. , Tu Yu‐Kang , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground/AimsReporting of adverse events is of paramount importance in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to guide the implementation of new therapeutic approaches in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of adverse events reporting in RCTs published in the periodontal literature.Materials and MethodsTwo authors (CMF and NNG) searched the PubMed and LILACS electronic databases independently and in duplicate to identify RCTs published in periodontology from 2002 to 2003 and from 2011 to 2012. Reporting quality in RCTs was assessed with reference to the 2004 CONSORT Extension for Harms checklist. Differences in adverse events reporting between industry‐ and non‐industry‐funded RCTs were also determined. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to determine the extent of inter‐reviewer agreement. Fischer's exact test was used to assess differences in reporting between the two samples.ResultsThe analysis included 246 publications. One hundred twenty‐four of 990 (13%) items and 223 of 1460 (15%) items were adequately reported in publications from 2002 to 2003 and from 2011 to 2012 respectively. Three checklist topics were significantly better reported in the 2011–2012 sample; two recommendations were better reported in non‐industry‐funded trials in publications from both periods.ConclusionImprovement and standardization of adverse events reporting in periodontology are needed.
Research Review: Evaluating and reformulating the developmental taxonomic theory of antisocial behaviour
Authors: Fairchild Graeme , van Goozen Stephanie H.M. , Calder Andrew J. , Goodyer Ian M. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThe developmental taxonomic theory proposes that there are two subtypes of antisocial behaviour. The first is a neurodevelopmental disorder which emerges in early childhood and follows a life‐course persistent course, whereas the second emerges in adolescence, remits in early adulthood and reflects peer processes such as mimicry of antisocial peers. The aim of this review was to evaluate the developmental taxonomic theory in the light of recent empirical research.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive literature review comparing these subtypes of antisocial behaviour based on searches on PubMed and other scientific databases covering the period from 1993 to 2013. We focused on research encompassing psychiatric epidemiology, personality assessment, neuropsychology, neuroendocrinology, genetics, and structural and functional neuroimaging. Sixty one empirical studies were identified that investigated one of these forms of antisocial behaviour separately or explicitly compared childhood‐onset and adolescence‐onset forms of antisocial behaviour.ResultsEmpirical research provides support for the hypothesis that life‐course persistent antisocial behaviour is a neurodevelopmental disorder which emerges in the transactions between individual vulnerabilities and environmental adversity. In contrast to the developmental taxonomic theory, however, empirical findings suggest that severe antisocial behaviour that emerges in adolescence frequently has a negative prognosis and is rarely limited to the adolescent period. In addition, both forms of antisocial behaviour are associated with emotion processing deficits, changes in brain structure and function, alterations in cortisol secretion, and atypical personality traits (such as increased callous‐unemotional traits).ConclusionsWe conclude that the developmental taxonomic theory is in need of revision, as differences between life‐course persistent and adolescence‐onset forms of antisocial behaviour appear to be quantitative, rather than qualitative, in nature. In addition, evidence is accumulating that adolescence‐onset antisocial behaviour may also be a neurodevelopmental disorder. To account for the similarities between these groups, despite the differences in their age‐of‐onset, we propose that the quality of the child's early environment moderates the relationship between individual vulnerabilities and the age‐of‐onset of antisocial behaviour.