bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test‐Retest Reliability of fMRI During Nonverbal Semantic Decisions in Moderate‐Severe Nonfluent Aphasia Patients
Authors: Kurland Jacquie , Naeser Margaret A. , Baker Errol H. , Doron Karl , Martin Paula I. , Seekins Heidi E. , Bogdan Andrew , Renshaw Perry , Yurgelun-Todd Deborah 
Published: January 2014

Cortical reorganization in poststroke aphasia is not well understood. Few studies have investigated neural mechanisms underlying language recovery in severe aphasia patients, who are typically viewed as having a poor prognosis for language recovery. Although test‐retest reliability is routinely demonstrated during collection of language data in single‐subject aphasia research, this is rarely examined in fMRI studies investigating the underlying neural mechanisms in aphasia recovery.The purpose of this study was to acquire fMRI test‐retest data examining semantic decisions both within and between two aphasia patients. Functional MRI was utilized to image individuals with chronic, moderate‐severe nonfluent aphasia during nonverbal, yes/no button‐box semantic judgments of iconic sentences presented in the Computer‐assisted Visual Communication (C‐ViC) program. We investigated the critical issue of intra‐subject reliability by exploring similarities and differences in regions of activation during participants′ performance of identical tasks twice on the same day. Each participant demonstrated high intra‐subject reliability, with response decrements typical of task familiarity. Differences between participants included greater left hemisphere perilesional activation in the individual with better response to C‐ViC training. This study provides fMRI reliability in chronic nonfluent aphasia, and adds to evidence supporting differences in individual cortical reorganization in aphasia recovery.
Wheel‐Running Modestly Promotes Functional Recovery after a Unilateral Cortical Lesion in Rats
Authors: Zhao Xiurong , Aronowski Jaroslaw , Liu Shi-Jie , Schallert Timothy , Zhang Jie , Strong Roger , Ou Zhi-Shuo , Nguyen Theresa , Grotta James C. 
Published: January 2014

Background: We aimed to determine whether early or delayed wheel‐running (W) after a cortical lesion in rats influences functional recovery and protein expression involving synaptic plasticity.Methods: 57 rats were arranged in 4 groups: (1) Sham, (2) NMDA, (3) W‐24 h or (4) W‐72 h (W‐24 h and W‐72 h means wheel‐running for 14 days starting day 1 or day 3 after NMDA lesion). NMDA produced a standardized lesion in the unilateral sensorimotor cortex and detectable behavioral deficits. Synaptogenesis was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results: Wheel‐running starting after 24 h had no detectable effect, but it significantly speeded functional recovery when delayed to after 72 h. These results were in accordance with a marker linked to synaptogenesis.Conclusion: Wheel‐running starting 3 days, but not 1 day, after an NMDA lesion is associated with improved functional recovery.
From Transmission Error Measurements to Angular Sampling in Rotating Machines with Discrete Geometry
Authors: Remond Didier , Mahfoudh Jarir 
Published: January 2014

The benefits of angular sampling when measuring various signals in rotating machines are presented and discussed herein. The results are extracted from studies on transmission error measurements with optical encoders in the field of power transmissions and can be broadened to include phase difference measurements, such as torsional vibrations, and applied to control, monitoring and measurement in rotating machines with discrete geometry. The main conclusions are primarily that the use of angular sampling enables the exact location of harmonics and, consequently, the obtaining of spectral amplitude components with precision. This is always true even if the resolution of encoders is not directly related to the studied discrete geometry. It then becomes possible to compare these harmonics under different operating conditions, especially when speed varies, without changing any parameters in spectral analysis (window length, spectral resolution, etc.). Moreover, classical techniques of improving signal to noise ratio by averaging become fully efficient in the detection of defective elements. This study has been made possible thanks to the technique of transmission error measurement with optical encoders that allows the comparison of sampling procedures, based on the same raw data.The intensive use of such transducers and the development of an original transmission error measurement technique lead to advocate the use of angular sampling in experimental measurements in rotating machines with discrete geometry.
Persisting Reversed Clock Syndrome
Authors: Orssaud Christophe , Halimi Philippe , Jeunne Claire Le , Dufier Jean Louis 
Published: January 2014

Background: The reversed clock phenomenon results in the transposition of objects from one side to another. Its major manifestation consists in the reversal of clock numbers in clock‐drawing test. It could be due to a stroke disrupting attentional cerebral network. This phenomenon usually regresses in a few days.Objective: To report a case of reversed clock phenomenon with disorders of space representation that did not regress spontaneously.Design: Case report. Patient: A 67 year‐old woman was referred due to headaches associated with gait disorder, visual field deficit and disturbance of space representation.Results: Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates two right cerebral infarcts mainly localized in the parieto‐occipital region. A week after her stoke, clinical testing confirms a reversed clock phenomenon. The patient placed the hands of a clock in the opposite direction of what was specified. She got lost at home locating rooms in directions opposite to their real ones. Rehabilitation sessions partially improved these manifestations.Conclusion: Although it usually improves in a few days, reversed clock phenomenon can persist longer. Rehabilitation sessions based on localization exercises may be helpful in such situations.
Use of Response Surface Metamodels for Identification of Stiffness and Damping Coefficients in a Simple Dynamic System
Authors: Rutherford A.C. , Inman D.J. , Park G. , Hemez F.M. 
Published: January 2014

Metamodels have been used with success in many areas of engineering for decades but only recently in the field of structural dynamics. A metamodel is a fast running surrogate that is typically used to aid an analyst or test engineer in the fast and efficient exploration of the design space. Response surface metamodels are used in this work to perform parameter identification of a simple five degree of freedom system, motivated by their low training requirements and ease of use. In structural dynamics applications, response surface metamodels have been utilized in a forward sense, for activities such as sensitivity analysis or uncertainty quantification. In this study a polynomial response surface model is developed, relating system parameters to measurable output features. Once this relationship is established, the response surface is used in an inverse sense to identify system parameters from measured output features.A design of experiments is utilized to choose points, representing a fraction of the full design space of interest, for fitting the response surface metamodel. Two parameters commonly used to characterize damage in a structural system, stiffness and damping, are identified. First changes are identified and located with success in a linear 5DOF system. Then parameter identification is attempted with a nonlinear 5DOF system and limited success is achieved. This work will demonstrate that use of response surface metamodels in an inverse sense shows promise for use in system parameter identification for both linear and weakly nonlinear systems and that the method has potential for use in damage identification applications.
Predicting the Dynamic Behaviour of Hydrobushings
Authors: Gil-Negrete N. , Rivas A. , Viñolas J. 
Published: January 2014

A novel and promising approach for the prediction of the dynamic stiffness of hydrobushings is presented, combining Finite Element and CFD methods. The rubber structure of the mount is modelled in ABAQUS and the flow of fluid through the inertia track is calculated in FLUENT. The obtained results from the latter simulation are incorporated in the finite element code for the final stiffness prediction. The calculation is very sensitive to both rubber and fluid properties. The dynamic behaviour of rubber material has accurately been characterised with a new simple shear specimen in a forced non‐resonant test.Satisfactory results are obtained when comparing numerical simulations to experimental tests in a practical application. Discrepancies between simulations and tests are mainly due to the simplifications assumed when creating the model. Nevertheless, stiffness of the mount is well predicted and so is the damping, although the frequency at which its maximum value is achieved is underestimated by 4–6 Hz, result that could be improved if non‐stationary boundary conditions were considered when solving the fluid flow and incorporating it to the finite element code.
Posterior Cortical Atrophy: Clinical Presentation and Cognitive Deficits Compared to Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Charles Raquel F. , Hillis Argye E. 
Published: January 2014

Background: Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is an uncommon dementia syndrome with initial manifestations of visual dysfunction and preservation of memory and language until late in the disease. Since prognosis and management differ from typical Alzheimer’s disease (tAD), clinical tests to distinguish PCA from tAD are needed.Methods: Fifteen PCA cases and 15 tAD cases, defined by clinical and MRI criteria, were compared by present symptoms and scores on four cognitive tests.Results: Symptoms of visual disturbance and dyslexia were more commonly reported in PCA cases (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively), and memory loss was more commonly reported in tAD (p = 0.006). Patients with PCA were less accurate on the Cortical Vision Screening Test (t = 6.0; p < 0.001) and in copying the Rey‐Osterreith Complex Figure (t = 6.0; p < 0.001), in comparison to the tAD group. Memory, evaluated by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, was impaired in both groups; however, delayed recall was more impaired in the tAD group (t = 2.5; p = 0.03).Conclusion: Compared to patients with tAD, patients with PCA are more likely to present to their providers with symptoms of visual dysfunction. Performance on simple tests of visual perception and copying can be used to distinguish the two disorders even a few years after initial symptoms.
D8/17 Monoclonal Antibody: An Unclear Neuropsychiatric Marker
Authors: Morer Astrid , Viñas Odette , Lázaro Luisa , Bosch Jordi , Toro Josep , Castro Josefina 
Published: January 2014

Objective: It has been hypothesized that monoclonal antibody D8/17 identifies a B lymphocyte antigen with expanded expression in patients with rheumatic fever, childhood onset obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome (TS) or prepubertal anorexia nervosa (AN). Our purpose was to replicate these studies in a Spanish population and to determine whether D8/17 identifies a subgroup of these patients, focusing especially on OCD subjects.Method: D8/17 expression was assessed with double immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) in three groups of patients with diagnoses of OCD (n = 17), TS (n = 5) and prepubertal AN (n = 5), recruited during 2001.Results: In the sample studied the average percentage of B cells expressing D8/17 was 4.8%. The D8/17 positive proportion of B lymphocytes was above 11% in only two out of 17 OCD patients (7.4% of total sample) and in none of the TS or prepubertal AN patients. No statistically significant differences were found in mean percentages of D8/17 between the three groups.Conclusions: In the sample studied the expression of D8/17 in B cells was very low and the great majority of patients were negative for the D8/17 marker. The molecular characterization of D8/17 would be a major step forward in clarifying its implication for these diseases.
Shock Analysis Method for Systematic Performance Evaluation of Component Embedded in Handheld Electronic Devices
Authors: Chin C.S. 
Published: January 2014

It is important to identify the robustness of product (or embedded component inside the product) against shock due to free drop. With the increasing mobile and fast‐paced lifestyle of the average consumer, much is required of the products; such as consumers expect mobile products to continue to operate after drop impact. Since free drop test is commonly used to evaluate the robustness of small component embedded in MP3 player, it is difficult to produce a repeatable shock reading due to highly uncontrolled orientation during the impact on ground. Hence attention has been focus on shock table testing, which produces a higher repeatable result. But it failed to demonstrate the actual shock with the presence of rotational movement due to free drop and also it suffers from a similar limitation of repeatability. From drop to drop, shock tables can vary about ± 5% in velocity change but suitable for making a consistent tracking the product improvement.Although many test procedure (such as ASTM D3332 [5]) have been written around shock test machines, as a whole, the test perform on the shock tables have no direct correlation over the free‐drop testing. Since both will have some velocity change variability. Some products react more to torsion forces than they do to orthogonal forces, fortunately, due to the size of the product, the exposure to this torsion force is less prominent. Since the intent of lab testing is to re‐create real world events, a unique ways to establish a shock test that encompasses the features of the two tests are needed. Thus, establishing the robustness of the small component against shock due to topple drop at various tilt angle under different drop orientations and platform (such as on the office table), on a MP3 player is needed. This eventually enables a high repeatable and realistic shock testing for product performance evaluation in MP3 player.There are few advantages of using tilt tester for shock testing. Firstly, close approximations to the actual free drops test with better repeatability. Secondly, it ensures that the shock level is reduced prior to performing a final free drop test (using actual product) and hence reduces the cost. Thirdly, it reduces the number of trials and cycle time needed for shock testing. Lastly, it provides a platform for shock absorber design for component (embedded in the MP3 player) as shown in the Section 3.
An Experimental Study on Steel and Teflon Squeeze Film Dampers
Authors: Khalid Asad A. , Albagul A. , Faris W. , Ismail Godem A. 
Published: January 2014

In this paper, the vibration analysis on Teflon and steel squeeze film dampers has been carried out. At different frequency ranges, vibration amplitude and the resonance frequency are measured. The eccentricity ratio at resonance speed has been determined. Results show that the vibration amplitude of the steel damper is 10% less at resonance compared with the Teflon damper. On the other hand, saving weight of 36% has been achieved by using the Teflon damper.A rotor bearing system for vibration analysis has been designed and fabricated. The test rig consists of mild steel shaft with two supports, oil pressure gauge system and two self‐alignment ball bearings fixed on each end support. Two squeeze film dampers are used at each of the rotor support ends. Teflon and steel squeeze film dampers (SFD) were fabricated and tested using turning machine.
Application of Evolutionary Computation in Automotive Powertrain Mount Tuning
Authors: Akanda Anab , Adulla Chandu 
Published: January 2014

Engine mount tuning is a multi‐disciplinary exercise since it affects Idle‐shake, Road‐shake and power‐train noise response. Engine inertia is often used as a tuned absorber for controlling suspension resonance related road‐shake issues. Last but not least, vehicle ride and handling may also be affected by mount tuning. In this work, Torque‐Roll‐Axis (TRA) decoupling of the rigid powertrain was used as a starting point for mount tuning. Nodal point of flexible powertrain bending was used to define the envelop for transmission mount locations. The frequency corresponding to the decoupled roll mode of the rigid powertrain was then adjusted for idle‐shake and road‐shake response management.A TRA decoupling procedure, cast as a multi‐objective optimization problem, was applied to a body‐on‐frame sport‐utility vehicle powertrain system. In addition to a standard gradient based optimization algorithm, available in commercial finite element software, an evolutionary computation paradigm known as Evolutionary Strategies (ES) was used to solve the optimization problem. The primary advantages of evolutionary computation over gradient based algorithms are as follows: i) They are less likely to get trapped in local minima and less dependent on initial values of the design parameters and therefore able to handle multi‐modal optimization problems unlike gradient based algorithms, ii) They produce a population of viable solutions, unlike gradient based algorithms which yields a single solution. The second advantage is very attractive in a production environment since packaging and other multi‐disciplinary constraints often require multiple quality solutions for the same problem. The process outlined in this work was verified by exercising a full‐vehicle finite element model. The process produced a set of production feasible powertrain mount parameters for acceptable idle and road shake performance.
Right Hemisphere Involvement in Non‐Fluent Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Repetto Claudia , Manenti Rosa , Cotelli Maria , Calabria Marco , Zanetti Orazio , Borroni Barbara , Padovani Alessandro , Miniussi Carlo 
Published: January 2014

We described a 56‐years‐old man with a diagnosis of “non‐fluent primary progressive aphasia” (NfPPA). An accurate neuropsychological, neurological and neuroimaging evaluation was performed in order to assess clinical and behavioural features of the patient.From a neuropsychological point of view, the patient showed a typical cognitive profile of subjects affected by NfPPA: a prominent language deficit, associated with impairments in several cognitive domains after three years from the onset of the symptomatology.The most intriguing feature is that SPECT revealed hypoperfusion in the right frontal cortex, albeit the patient is right‐handed.This unexpected finding shows that NfPPA may arise not only from cortical abnormalities in the language‐dominant left hemisphere, but also from right hemisphere involvement in a right hander (crossed aphasia).
Neurological Abnormalities in Chinese Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Chan Raymond C. K. , Chen Eric Y. H. 
Published: January 2014

Background: This study attempted to examine the prevalence and type of neurological signs in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.Methods: A cross‐sectional design was adopted with the use of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI). The CNI is comprised of 7 subscales, including motor coordination, sensory integration, disinhibition, extrapyramidal signs, dyskinesia, catatonia, and pyramidal signs. The former 3 subscales were classified as soft signs, whereas the latter 4 subscales were classified as hard signs. A total of 250 Chinese schizophrenic patients and 90 normal controls were recruited.Results: Patients exhibited significantly more signs than normal controls in all subscales but pyramidal signs (p < 0.00005).
Significant differences were also found in total soft signs, total hard signs as well as total neurological signs (p < 0.0005). The three subscales of soft signs showed a relatively better sensitivity and specificity as compared with the four subscales of hard signs. Improvement in sensitivity and specificity was demonstrated when the subscales were collapsed into total soft signs, total hard signs and total neurological signs. A cut‐off of 4 in total soft signs yields a sensitivity of 0.63 and specificity of 0.71; whereas a cut‐off of 1 in total hard signs yields a sensitivity of 0.78 and specificity of 0.89. A global cut‐off of 5 in total neurological signs results in a sensitivity of 0.81 and specificity of 0.73 for detecting schizophrenia versus normal.Conclusions: High levels of neurological abnormality characterize schizophrenic patients. An extended assessment battery of CNI provides even better discrimination of patients from normal controls, and soft signs are more strongly associated with schizophrenia than are hard signs in the Chinese sample.
Dynamic Analysis of a Pendulum Dynamic Automatic Balancer
Authors: Sohn Jin-Seung , Lee Jin Woo , Cho Eun-Hyoung , Park No-Cheol , Park Young-Pil 
Published: January 2014

The automatic dynamic balancer is a device to reduce the vibration from unbalanced mass of rotors. Instead of considering prevailing ball automatic dynamic balancer, pendulum automatic dynamic balancer is analyzed. For the analysis of dynamic stability and behavior, the nonlinear equations of motion for a system are derived with respect to polar coordinates by the Lagrange′s equations. The perturbation method is applied to investigate the dynamic behavior of the system around the equilibrium position. Based on the linearized equations, the dynamic stability of the system around the equilibrium positions is investigated by the eigenvalue analysis.The stability analysis provides the design requirements for the pendulum automatic dynamic balancer to achieve a balancing of the system. The efficiency of ball automatic dynamic balancer, for reducing the total vibration of the system, is better than one of pendulum automatic balancer, if the rotating speed is above critical speed. However, pendulum automatic dynamic balancer can achieve balancing even if the rotating speed is below critical speed.The time response analysis demonstrates the stability analysis from computing the radial displacement of the rotating system and the positions of pendulums. Furthermore, in order to confirm the theoretical analysis, various experiments are made on pendulum automatic dynamic balancer.
Operational Modal Analysis for Estimating the Dynamic Properties of a Stadium Structure during a Football Game
Authors: Peeters Bart , Van der Auweraer Herman , Vanhollebeke Frederik , Guillaume Patrick 
Published: January 2014

During a football game, the ambient vibrations at the roof of a football stadium were recorded. A very large data set consisting of 4 hours of data, sampled at 80 Hz, is available. By a data reduction procedure, the complete data set could be analysed at once in a very short time. The data set was also split in shorter segments corresponding to certain events before, during and after the game to investigate the influence of varying operational conditions on the dynamic properties.As the structural vibrations were caused by unmeasurable wind and crowd excitation, Operational Modal Analysis has to be applied to find the dynamic characteristics of the structure. The new operational PolyMAX parameter estimation method is used and compared with Stochastic Subspace Identification. Stochastic Subspace Identification requires the correlations between the responses as primary data, whereas PolyMAX operates on spectra or half spectra (i.e. the Fourier transform of the positive time lags of the correlation functions). The main advantage of PolyMAX is that it yields extremely clear stabilisation diagrams, making an automation of the parameter identification process rather straightforward. This enables a continuous monitoring of the dynamic properties of a structure.