bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrite‐Selective Electrode Based On Cobalt(II) tert‐Butyl‐Salophen Ionophore
Authors: Néel Bastien , Ghahraman Asfhar Majid , Crespo Gastón A. , Pawlak Marcin , Dorokhin Denis , Bakker Eric 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA series of polymeric nitrite‐selective electrodes containing a new lipophilic ionophore Co(II) tert‐butyl‐salophen is reported. The stability of Co(II) ionophores within a PVC‐based membrane was investigated by leaching experiments. Different membrane compositions were explored in order to reach the lowest possible limit of detection for a PVC‐based nitrite selective polymeric membrane electrode containing this ionophore. The optimal electrode showed a limit of detection of 2×10−6 M and exhibited four orders of magnitude of discrimination over nitrate, chloride and bromide. The electrodes were evaluated in undiluted human urine and attest to the robustness of the ionophore.
Mitochondrially targeted ZFNs for selective degradation of pathogenic mitochondrial genomes bearing large‐scale deletions or point mutations
Authors: Gammage Payam A , Rorbach Joanna , Vincent Anna I , Rebar Edward J , Minczuk Michal 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe designed and engineered mitochondrially targeted obligate heterodimeric zinc finger nucleases (mtZFNs) for site‐specific elimination of pathogenic human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We used mtZFNs to target and cleave mtDNA harbouring the m.8993T>G point mutation associated with neuropathy, ataxia, retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) and the “common deletion” (CD), a 4977‐bp repeat‐flanked deletion associated with adult‐onset chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and, less frequently, Kearns‐Sayre and Pearson's marrow pancreas syndromes. Expression of mtZFNs led to a reduction in mutant mtDNA haplotype load, and subsequent repopulation of wild‐type mtDNA restored mitochondrial respiratory function in a CD cybrid cell model. This study constitutes proof‐of‐principle that, through heteroplasmy manipulation, delivery of site‐specific nuclease activity to mitochondria can alleviate a severe biochemical phenotype in primary mitochondrial disease arising from deleted mtDNA species.
Memory Versus Perception of Body Size in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls
Authors: Øverås Maria , Kapstad Hilde , Brunborg Cathrine , Landrø Nils Inge , Lask Bryan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare body size estimation based on memory versus perception, in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and healthy controls, adjusting for possible confounders. Seventy‐one women (AN: 37, controls: 35), aged 14–29 years, were assessed with a computerized body size estimation morphing program. Information was gathered on depression, anxiety, time since last meal, weight and height. Results showed that patients overestimated their body size significantly more than controls, both in the memory and perception condition. Further, patients overestimated their body size significantly more when estimation was based on perception than memory. When controlling for anxiety, the difference between patients and controls no longer reached significance. None of the other confounders contributed significantly to the model. The results suggest that anxiety plays a role in overestimation of body size in AN. This finding might inform treatment, suggesting that more focus should be aimed at the underlying anxiety. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A simple method to determine mineralization of 14C-labeled compounds in soil
Authors: Myung Kyung , Madary Michael W. , Satchivi Norbert M. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Degradation of organic compounds in soil is often determined by measuring the decrease of the parent compound and analyzing the occurrence of its metabolites. However, determining carbon species as end products of parent compound dissipation requires using labeled materials that allow more accurate determination of the environmental fate of the compound of interest. The current conventional closed system widely used to monitor degradation of 14C-labeled compounds in soil is complex and expensive and requires a specialized apparatus and facility. In the present study, the authors describe a simple system that facilitates measurement of mineralization of 14C-labeled compounds applied to soil samples. In the system, soda lime pellets to trap mineralized 14C-carbon species, including carbon dioxide, were placed in a cup, which was then inserted above the treated soil sample in a tube. Mineralization of [14C]2,4-D applied to soil samples in the simple system was compared with that in the conventional system. The simple system provided an equivalent detection of 14C-carbon species mineralized from the parent compound. The results demonstrate that this cost- and space-effective simple system is suitable for examining degradation and mineralization of 14C-labeled compounds in soil and could potentially be used to investigate their mineralization in other biological matrices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1303–1307. © 2014 SETAC
Bioavailability and bioaccumulation of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls to carp
Authors: Gaillard Juliette , Banas Damien , Thomas Marielle , Fournier Agnès , Feidt Cyril 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

The relative bioavailability of sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 138, 153, and 180) from a local contaminated site was examined using an in vivo carp model. Surface sediment from the PCB-contaminated site and spiked canola oil containing equivalent masses of PCBs were respectively incorporated in the sediment-dosed diets and oil-dosed diets at 3 dose levels resulting in 6 experimental diets. Juvenile carps (n = 90) were divided in 18 tanks (5 fish × 6 treatments × 3 tanks). Fish were fed the control diet during the adaptation period (15 d). Next, 1 fish was sampled in each tank and muscle tissues were combined in control groups. During the exposure period (15 d), the remaining fish were fed with 1 of the 6 experimental diets. At the end of the experiment, fish were sampled and muscle tissues were combined for each tank. The PCBs were monitored in feed and fish muscle. For both the contaminated sediment and spiked canola oil groups, concentrations of PCBs 138, 153, and 180 in muscle linearly increased with concentrations in food, with similar intercepts and slopes. In the present study, the sediment-bound PCBs were as bioavailable as those spiked into canola oil and fed to carp in a standard diet. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1324–1330. © 2014 SETAC
Direct Operation of IP‐Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Hydrogen and Methane Fuel Mixtures under Current Load Cycle Operating Condition
Authors: Almutairi G. , Dhir A. , Bujalski W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe effects of methane concentration and current load cycle on the performance and durability of integrated planar solid oxide fuel cell (IP‐SOFC) obtained from Rolls Royce Fuel Cell Systems Ltd (RRFCS) has been investigated. The IP‐SOFC was operated with hydrogen–methane fuel mixture with up to 20% methane concentration at 900 °C for short term operation of the cells with high methane concentration increased the voltage of the IP‐SOFC due to increase in Gibbs free energy. However, it degraded the performance of the IP‐SOFC in long term operation due to carbon deposition on the anode surface. The current load cycle tests were carried out with 95% H2–5% CH4 and 80% H2–20% CH4 fuel mixtures at 900 °C with a constant current of 1 A. At low methane concentration, the decrease in the IP‐SOFC voltage was observed after operating nine current load cycles (384 h). At higher methane concentration, the voltage of IP‐SOFC decreased by almost 30% just after one current load cycle (48 h) due to faster carbon deposition. So future work is therefore required to identify viable alternative materials and optimum operating conditions.
Electric Transmission: Underground HVDC Supergrid Can Work in Europe
Authors: Faulkner Roger W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractElpipes are game‐changing underground high‐voltage DC (HVDC) power lines that will allow pipeline companies to compete in the power transmission market. Elpipe technology uses polymer‐insulated underground HVDC conductors that are rigid (not wires, but sections of bus pipe). This allows much heavier conductors than are possible if they have to wrap on a reel. This greater capability means that they can carry more than twice as much power (more than 15 gigawatts) as the largest transmission line ever built, a 7.2‐gigawatt, 800‐thousand‐volt overhead HVDC line in China built by ABB and State Grid Corp China.
Energy and the Environment: New Data Supports Need for Climate Vulnerability Assessment by Transmission Providers
Authors: Balentine Howard W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the December 2013 issue of Natural Gas & Electricity, I presented a case for the reality of climate change and described policy considerations that should be used by the electric industry when implementing adaptation measures to reduce their climate change vulnerability. In this follow‐up article, I present an update that describes three events that have occurred since preparation of that article: Typhoon Haiyan, publication of an important research paper in Nature Geoscience, and publication of an assessment of abrupt climate change by the United States National Research Council (NRC).
NERC and Enforcement Issues: NERC Provides Best Practices for Effective Procedures
Authors: Carpentier Deborah A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) recently issued a report of its findings after analyzing the auditing procedures of its eight regional entities, related to the disturbance event reporting standards: CIP‐001‐2a, EOP‐004‐1, and EOP‐004‐2. While an auditor must perform the due diligence necessary to have a reasonable assurance that a responsible entity (an entity responsible for compliance with a particular reliability standard) is in compliance with a standard, inevitably different compliance auditing practices are used across the eight regions. Such inconsistency could lead to different results.
The impact of an unfavorable depression course on network size and loneliness in older people: a longitudinal study in the community
Authors: Houtjes Wim , van Meijel Berno , van de Ven Peter M. , Deeg Dorly , van Tilburg Theo , Beekman Aartjan 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThis work aims to gain insight into the long‐term impact of depression course on social network size and perceived loneliness in older people living in the community.MethodsWithin a large representative sample of older people in the community (Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA)), participants with clinically relevant levels of depressive symptoms (scores >16 on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) were followed up over a period of 13 years of the LASA study (five waves). General estimating equations were used to estimate the impact of depression course on network size and loneliness and the interaction with gender and age.ResultsAn unfavorable course of depression was found to be associated with smaller network sizes and higher levels of loneliness over time, especially in men and older participants.ConclusionsThe findings of this study stress the importance of clinical attention to the negative consequences of chronicity in depressed older people. Clinicians should assess possible erosion of the social network over time and be aware of increased feelings of loneliness in this patient group. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoperative dorsal language network mapping by using single‐pulse electrical stimulation
Authors: Yamao Yukihiro , Matsumoto Riki , Kunieda Takeharu , Arakawa Yoshiki , Kobayashi Katsuya , Usami Kiyohide , Shibata Sumiya , Kikuchi Takayuki , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Mikuni Nobuhiro , Ikeda Akio , Fukuyama Hidenao , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe preservation of language function during brain surgery still poses a challenge. No intraoperative methods have been established to monitor the language network reliably. We aimed to establish intraoperative language network monitoring by means of cortico‐cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs). Subjects were six patients with tumors located close to the arcuate fasciculus (AF) in the language‐dominant left hemisphere. Under general anesthesia, the anterior perisylvian language area (AL) was first defined by the CCEP connectivity patterns between the ventrolateral frontal and temporoparietal area, and also by presurgical neuroimaging findings. We then monitored the integrity of the language network by stimulating AL and by recording CCEPs from the posterior perisylvian language area (PL) consecutively during both general anesthesia and awake condition. High‐frequency electrical stimulation (ES) performed during awake craniotomy confirmed language function at AL in all six patients. Despite an amplitude decline (≤32%) in two patients, CCEP monitoring successfully prevented persistent language impairment. After tumor removal, single‐pulse ES was applied to the white matter tract beneath the floor of the removal cavity in five patients, in order to trace its connections into the language cortices. In three patients in whom high‐frequency ES of the white matter produced naming impairment, this “eloquent” subcortical site directly connected AL and PL, judging from the latencies and distributions of cortico‐ and subcortico‐cortical evoked potentials. In conclusion, this study provided the direct evidence that AL, PL, and AF constitute the dorsal language network. Intraoperative CCEP monitoring is clinically useful for evaluating the integrity of the language network. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4345–4361, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial correlation of hemodynamic changes related to interictal epileptic discharges with electric and magnetic source imaging
Authors: Heers Marcel , Hedrich Tanguy , An Dongmei , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean , Grova Christophe , Kobayashi Eliane 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionBlood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal changes at the time of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) identify their associated vascular/hemodynamic responses. BOLD activations and deactivations can be found within the epileptogenic zone but also at a distance. Source imaging identifies electric (ESI) and magnetic (MSI) sources of IEDs, with the advantage of a higher temporal resolution. Therefore, the objective of our study was to evaluate the spatial concordance between ESI/MSI and BOLD responses for similar IEDs.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with similar IEDs in simultaneous electroencephalogram/functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG/fMRI) and in simultaneous EEG/magnetoencephalogram (MEG) recordings were studied. IEDs in EEG/fMRI acquisition were analyzed in an event‐related paradigm within a general linear model (GLM). ESI/MSI of averaged IEDs was performed using the Maximum Entropy on the Mean. We assessed the spatial concordance between ESI/MSI and clusters of BOLD activations/deactivations with surface‐based metrics.ResultsESI/MSI were concordant with one BOLD cluster for 20/21 patients (concordance with activation: 14/21 patients, deactivation: 6/21 patients, no concordance: 1/21 patients; concordance with MSI only: 3/21, ESI only: 2/21). These BOLD clusters exhibited in 19/20 cases the most significant voxel. BOLD clusters that were spatially concordant with ESI/MSI were concordant with IEDs from invasive recordings in 8/11 patients (activations: 5/8, deactivations: 3/8).ConclusionAs the results of BOLD, ESI and MSI are often concordant, they reinforce our confidence in all of them. ESI and MSI confirm the most significant BOLD cluster within BOLD maps, emphasizing the importance of these clusters for the definition of the epileptic focus. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4396–4414, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accelerated radiotherapy for T1 to T2 glottic cancer
Authors: Motegi Atsushi , Kawashima Mitsuhiko , Arahira Satoko , Zenda Sadamoto , Toshima Masamichi , Onozawa Masakatsu , Hayashi Ryuichi , Akimoto Tetsuo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundAccelerated fractionation radiotherapy (RT) was administered in an attempt to improve the local control rates in patients with T1/T2 N0 glottic cancer.MethodsMedical charts of 148 consecutive patients who had undergone RT using 2.4 Gray (Gy) once‐daily fractionation between July 1999 and April 2007 were reviewed.ResultsOf 104 patients with T1 disease treated by RT, 82 received 60 Gy/25 fractions, and the remaining 22 with large tumor volumes and/or slow response to RT received 64.8 Gy/27 fractions. All 44 patients with T2 disease received 64.8 Gy/27 fractions. The 5‐year local control and overall survival (OS) rates were 93% and 96%, respectively, in patients with T1 disease, and 77% and 91%, respectively, in patients with T2 disease. No severe acute toxicities were observed, although 2 patients (1%) developed severe late toxicity.ConclusionAccelerated RT for early glottic cancer is feasible, with encouraging local control rates. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 579–584, 2015
THE CREDIT‐TO‐GDP GAP AND COMPLEMENTARY INDICATORS FOR MACROPRUDENTIAL POLICY: EVIDENCE FROM THE UK
Authors: Giese Julia , Andersen Henrik , Bush Oliver , Castro Christian , Farag Marc , Kapadia Sujit 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe financial crisis has demonstrated the need for a set of macroprudential policy tools that can be used to mitigate systemic risk. Focusing on the UK, our paper reviews the performance of the Basel III credit‐to‐GDP gap that, alongside judgement, is to be used as a reference guide in setting the countercyclical capital buffer. We find that this measure worked well in providing an advance signal of past UK episodes of banking system distress. But this does not guarantee future signalling success. We therefore evaluate some conceptual shortcomings of the credit gap and suggest complementary indicators. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of FDI and Time on Catching Up: New Insights from a Conditional Nonparametric Frontier Analysis
Authors: Mastromarco Camilla , Simar Léopold 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWe use an appropriate nonparametric two‐step approach on conditional efficiencies to investigate how foreign direct investment (FDI) and time affect the process of catching up. By using a dataset of 44 countries over 1970–2007, we explore the channels under which FDI fosters productivity by disentangling the impact of this factor on the production process and its components: impact on the attainable production set (input–output space) and the impact on the distribution of efficiencies. We extend existing methodological tools—conditional nonparametric efficiency measures—to examine these interrelationships. We emphasize the usefulness of smoothing over time to better analyze the potential dynamic influence of FDI on efficiency. We find that both FDI and time play an important role as influencing efficiency distribution and affecting, to a smaller extend, the production set. This effect of FDI does not seem to vary much over time. By the second‐stage nonparametric regression of the conditional efficiencies over FDI and time we identify clearly the effect of time and FDI on conditional efficiency and we determine idiosyncratic efficiency, which represents the‘Solow residual’, measured by looking to the unexplained part of the conditional efficiencies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo telemetric determination of shear and axial loads on a regenerative cartilage scaffold following ligament disruption
Authors: Szivek John A. , Heden Gregory J. , Geffre Christopher P. , Wenger Karl H. , Ruth John T. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent interest in repair of chondral and osteochondral cartilage defects to prevent osteoarthritis caused by ligament disruption has led to the research and development of biomimetic scaffolds combined with cell‐based regeneration techniques. Current clinical focal defect repair strategies have had limited success. New scaffold‐based approaches may provide solutions that can repair extensive damage and prevent osteoarthritis. This study utilized a novel scaffold design that accommodated strain gauges for shear and axial load monitoring in the canine stifle joint through implantable telemetry technology. Loading changes induced by ligament disruption are widely implicated in the development of injury‐related osteoarthritis. Seeding the scaffold end with progenitor cells resulted in higher shear stress than without cell seeding and histology showed significantly more bone and cartilage formation. Biomechanically, the effect of transecting the anterior cruciate ligament was a significant reduction in braking load in shear, but no change axially, and conversely a significant reduction in push‐off load axially, but no change in shear. This is the first study to report shear loads measured directly in knee joint tissue. Further, advances of these measurement techniques are critical to developing improved regeneration strategies and personalizing reliable rehabilitation protocols. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1415–1425, 2014.
Association Between Components of Body Composition and Scoliosis: A Prospective Cohort Study Reporting Differences Identifiable Before the Onset of Scoliosis
Authors: Clark Emma M , Taylor Hilary J , Harding Ian , Hutchinson John , Nelson Ian , Deanfield John E , Ness Andy R , Tobias Jon H 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

There is an increasing body of research suggesting that low body weight is associated with scoliosis, but this is based on case-control studies, which are prone to bias. No studies have investigated the components of body weight: fat and lean mass. We have therefore carried out the first population-based prospective study of the association between fat and lean mass at age 10 years assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), with presence of scoliosis at age 15 years using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). All children with scoliosis at age 10 years were excluded. Of 5299 children at age 15 years, 312 (5.9%) had scoliosis. Our results show a negative association between body mass index (BMI)/body weight at age 10 years and scoliosis at age 15 years, with a 20% reduced risk of scoliosis per SD increase in BMI (odds ratio [OR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70–0.92; p = 0.001). This association with BMI/body weight reflects associations with both fat mass and lean mass. After adjustment for age, gender, leg length, and fat mass per SD increase in lean mass, there was a 20% reduced risk of scoliosis (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97) and per SD increase in fat mass there was a 13% reduced risk of scoliosis (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.74–1.03). In terms of adipocyte function, an inverse association was seen between leptin at age 10 years and scoliosis (OR for scoliosis per SD increase in leptin of 0.78; 95% CI, 0.63–0.99), and a positive association between adiponectin at age 10 years and scoliosis (OR for scoliosis per SD increase in adiponectin of 1.44; 95% CI, 0.99–2.10). This is the first study to address the association between the individual components of body weight and scoliosis in a prospective cohort study, and shows altered body composition that is present before the onset of clinically detected scoliosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.