bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the U.S. Immigrant Paradox in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Marks Amy K. , Ejesi Kida , García Coll Cynthia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe immigrant paradox in childhood and adolescence is a population‐level phenomenon wherein U.S.‐born youth (or more highly acculturated immigrants) have less optimal developmental outcomes than newcomer immigrant youth. These patterns, which hold true after accounting for the generally lower income and parent education levels among first‐generation immigrant families, have existed for decades in the United States. In this article, we address this topic in child development research, offering insights into studies to explain why the paradox occurs from the standpoint of both risk and resilience. We also present ideas for research and implications for developing policies and methods for effective practice with immigrant families.
Immigrant Adolescents' Adaptation to a New Context: Ethnic Friendship Homophily and Its Predictors
Authors: Titzmann Peter F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlthough interethnic friendships are among the best indicators of social adaptation to a new cultural context, adolescent immigrants form friendships predominantly within their own ethnic community, a phenomenon called friendship homophily. In this article, I focus on the acculturation of immigrant adolescents and on the factors that lead them to form friendships within their group, including acculturation‐related behaviors, mutual attitudes of native and immigrant groups, developmental age‐related considerations, and the context in which these adolescents live. The results present opportunities not only for reducing friendship homophily but also point to the complexity of acculturation research and the need to study side effects of adolescents' adaptation to a new context.
Prognostic markers of sarcoidosis: an analysis of patients from everyday pneumological practice
Authors: Doubková Martina , Pospíšil Zdeněk , Skřičková Jana , Doubek Michael 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionAlthough sarcoidosis is a well‐known disease, sarcoidosis patient outcome and the role of prognostic markers in everyday practice have not yet been well described. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to analyse the fate of sarcoidosis patients and the factors influencing the disease's behaviour in routine practice.MethodsThe study was a retrospective analysis of 306 consecutive patients (181 females and 125 males; median age 45 years) diagnosed with sarcoidosis in the years 2003–2012.ResultsThrough the use of uniparametric analysis, it was determined that the stage of the disease, organ involvement, CD4/CD8 ratio in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum and urine calcium levels, smoking, and pulmonary functions had a significant influence on spontaneous sarcoidosis resolution. Multiparametric analysis revealed that spontaneous resolution was significantly positively influenced by female gender, a less advanced disease stage, a higher CD4/CD8 ratio in the BALF, lymphocytosis in the BALF and normal pulmonary functions at diagnosis. During follow‐up, only three patients died. The causes of death were respiratory failure with pneumonia (n = 2) and heart attack caused by sarcoidosis heart involvement (n = 1).ConclusionThe data show sarcoidosis as a disorder with high variability in clinical and laboratory findings but with good general prognosis.
Sclerotherapy of varicose veins in dermatology
Authors: Lorenz Marthe Barbara , Gkogkolou Paraskevi , Goerge Tobias 
Published: May 2014

SummaryVenous disorders rank among the most frequent diseases in the German population. Early diagnostic investigation and treatment can prevent their progression and may reduce the risk for secondary diseases. The therapeutic spectrum for varicose veins includes conservative as well as interventional and surgical methods. Because it is minimally invasive and well‐tolerated, sclerotherapy represents an important treatment method for venous insufficiency, recurrent varicosis and venous malformations. We review the role of sclerotherapy as a treatment option of chronic venous insufficiency in dermatology.
Sklerotherapie der Varikosis in der Dermatologie
Authors: Lorenz Marthe Barbara , Gkogkolou Paraskevi , Goerge Tobias 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungVenenerkrankungen zählen zu den häufigsten Volkskrankheiten in Deutschland. Durch frühzeitige Diagnostik und Behandlung kann ein Fortschreiten der chronischen venösen Insuffizienz bis ins hohe Alter verhindert und das Auftreten von Folgeerkrankungen reduziert werden. Das therapeutische Spektrum der Varikosis umfasst neben konservativen Maßnahmen auch interventionelle und operative Verfahren. Insbesondere die Sklerotherapie stellt aufgrund ihrer geringen Invasivität und guten Verträglichkeit eine wichtige Behandlungsform von insuffizienten Varizen, Rezidivvarikosen und venösen Malformationen dar. Der folgende Artikel beschreibt die Sklerotherapie als Behandlungsform der chronischen venösen Insuffizienz in der Dermatologie.
Autoantibodies in psoriatic patients treated with anti‐TNF‐α therapy
Authors: Bardazzi Federico , Odorici Giulia , Virdi Annalucia , Antonucci Valentina Angela , Tengattini Vera , Patrizi Annalisa , Balestri Riccardo 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundTNF‐α inhibitors have been associated with induction of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of autoantibodies ANA, ENA, anti‐dsDNA, the occurrence of clinical symptoms and possibly related treatment failure.Patients and methodsThe titers of ANA, ENA and anti‐dsDNA were evaluated from blood samples every six months in 128 patients receiving a TNF‐α inhibitor (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab).ResultsOverall 37% of 128 patients treated with anti‐TNF‐α drug developed autoantibodies, mostly induced by infliximab; 48.48 % of patients who received infliximab presented autoantibodies. One patient developed a drug‐induced lupus erythematosus. Forty‐five patients were switched to one or more additional TNF‐α inhibitors and 25 developed autoantibodies.ConclusionsAn increased autoantibody titer is not predictive of treatment failure; particular attention to all phenomena suggestive for autoimmunity is needed in patients with a positive autoantibody titer. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of autoantibodies during anti‐TNF‐ α therapy.
Autoantikörper bei Patienten mit Psoriasis unter Anti‐TNF‐α‐Therapie
Authors: Bardazzi Federico , Odorici Giulia , Virdi Annalucia , Antonucci Valentina Angela , Tengattini Vera , Patrizi Annalisa , Balestri Riccardo 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundTNF‐α‐Inhibitoren werden mit einer Induktion von Autoantikörpern und Autoimmunerkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Wir evaluierten in einer retrospektiven Untersuchung das Vorkommen der Autoantikörper ANA, ENA und Anti‐dsDNA‐Ak sowie das Auftreten klinischer Symptome und ein möglicherweise damit im Zusammenhang stehendes Therapieversagen.Patienten und MethodenIn sechsmonatigen Abständen wurden die ANA‐, ENA und Anti‐dsDNA‐Ak‐Titer im Blut von 128 Patienten untersucht, die TNF‐α‐Inhibitoren (Adalimumab, Etanercept, Infliximab) erhielten.Ergebnisse37 % der untersuchten 128 Patienten entwickelten unter der Therapie mit TNF‐α‐Inhibitoren Autoantikörper. Zumeist wurden diese durch Infliximab induziert: Bei 48,48 % der mit Infliximab behandelten Patienten traten Autoantikörper auf. Ein Patient entwickelte einen medikamenteninduzierten Lupus erythematodes. Bei 45 Patienten war ein Therapiewechsel zu einem oder mehreren alternativen TNF‐α‐Inhibitoren erforderlich und 25 Patienten entwickelten Autoantikörper.SchlussfolgerungenEin erhöhter Autoantikörpertiter ist nicht als prädiktiv für ein Therapieversagen zu werten. Bei Patienten mit nachgewiesenen Autoantikörpern ist besondere Aufmerksamkeit hinsichtlich der Entwicklung autoimmuner Erkrankungen nötig. Weitere Untersuchungen sind erforderlich, um die Rolle von Autoantikörpern während einer Therapie mit TNF‐α‐Inhibitoren genau zu klären.
The environment‐pathogen‐host axis in communicable and non‐communicable diseases: Recent advances in experimental and clinical research
Authors: Gilles Stefanie , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAllergies and autoimmune diseases are spreading worldwide. Control of infections, on the other hand, remains an issue, even in the post‐antibiotic era. Chronic or poorly controlled infections occur in immune compromised individuals such as HIV patients, hospitalized patients exposed to multi‐resistant bacteria, or patients on immunosuppressive treatment. They may become an even more emerging issue in an ageing population. At the same time, profound environmental changes such as global warming, urbanization, increasing environmental pollution and novel food engineering technologies may alter the abundance or aggressiveness of allergens/allergen carriers in our environment. Likewise, changes in dietary habits – and possibly also use of antibiotics – have an impact on the composition of our natural microbial flora in the gut, airways and skin, which may alter susceptibility for common diseases, among them allergies, asthma and atopic eczema. At the recently founded Institute of Environmental Medicine of the Technische Universität Munich, located in Augsburg at the UNIKA‐T, experimental, clinical and translational research is focused on the complex interactions of environment, pathogen and host in expression or control of communicable and non‐communicable diseases. We present our research concept and recent findings in environment – host interactions.
Die Achse Umwelt‐Erreger‐Wirt bei übertragbaren und nicht übertragbaren Krankheiten: Jüngste Fortschritte in der experimentellen und klinischen Forschung
Authors: Gilles Stefanie , Traidl‐Hoffmann Claudia 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungAllergien und Autoimmunerkrankungen sind weltweit auf dem Vormarsch. Die Kontrolle von Infektionskrankheiten stellt jedoch auch im postantibiotischen Zeitalter eine Herausforderung dar. Chronische und/oder schwer kontrollierbare Infektionen treten bei Menschen mit Immunschwäche auf, wie z. B. bei HIV‐Patienten, hospitalisierten Patienten, die multiresistenten Bakterien ausgesetzt sind, oder bei Patienten unter immunsuppressiver Therapie. In einer alternden Bevˆlkerung drohen solche Erkrankungen an Bedeutung zuzunehmen. Gleichzeitig können Veränderungen der Umwelt, wie globale Erwärmung, Urbanisierung, zunehmende Umweltverschmutzung und neue Entwicklungen in der Lebensmitteltechnologie zu einer Veränderung in der Häufigkeit und Aggressivität von Allergenen führen. Veränderte Ernährungsgewohnheiten und möglicherweise auch der Einsatz von Antibiotika haben zudem einen Einfluss auf die Zusammensetzung der natürlichen mikrobiellen Flora von Darm, Atemwegen und Haut, was die Suszeptibilität für Erkrankungen wie Allergien, Asthma und Neurodermitis verändern könnte. Am kürzlich neu gegründeten Institut für Umweltmedizin der Technischen Universität München mit Sitz am UNIKA‐T in Augsburg liegt der Schwerpunkt der experimentellen, klinischen und translationalen Forschung auf den komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen Umwelt, Erreger und Wirt in der Ausprägung oder Kontrolle von übertragbaren und nicht‐übertragbaren Erkrankungen. Wir stellen hier unser Forschungskonzept vor und präsentieren unsere jüngsten Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Umwelt‐Wirt‐Interaktionen.
Cooperation between the occupational health insurance and physicians practicing occupational dermatology: Optimization potential in quality assurance
Authors: Elsner Peter , Aberer Werner , Bauer Andrea , Diepgen Thomas Ludwig , Drexler Hans , Fartasch Manigé , John Swen Malte , Schuhmacher‐Stock Uta , Wehrmann Wolfgang , Weisshaar Elke 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundQuality assurance is a task of the medical profession, but it is also a duty of the occupational health insurance (OHI). Data on the interaction quality between physicians practicing occupational dermatology and the OHI are limited.Material and MethodsAn online survey was performed in 854 German members of the Working Group on Occupational and Environmental Dermatology in October 2013. Items included demographic data, a judgment on the cooperation between the dermatologists and OHI companies, an economic grading of the current compensation scheme, and prioritization of optimization tasks.Results182 members (21.3 % of the invited population) participated in the survey. The cooperation with the OHI companies was judged as “very good” by 10.8 %, as “good” by 56.7 %, as “satisfactory” by 24.2 %, as “sufficient” by 7.0 % and as “inadequate” by 1.3 %. 93.4 % of the interviewed mentioned problems and improvement potentials in the cooperation of their practice or clinic with OHI companies. Main points of criticisms were reimbursement (44.7 %), followed by impairments of the treatment options (36.5 %) and the delay or scope of the treatment in the dermatologist's procedure (29.4 %).ConclusionsWhile most physicians practicing occupational dermatology give a positive judgment of their cooperation with OHI companies, quality optimization potentials exist regarding the reimbursement of dermatological services, especially regarding time‐intensive counselling in the prevention of occupational skin diseases, in the enablement of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures according to current guidelines and in a timely preventive intervention to use the therapeutic window before chronification of skin diseases may occur.
Diverse juvenile life‐history behaviours contribute to the spawning stock of an anadromous fish population
Authors: Walsworth Timothy E. , Schindler Daniel E. , Griffiths Jennifer R. , Zimmerman Christian E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHabitat quality often varies substantially across space and time, producing a shifting mosaic of growth and mortality trade‐offs across watersheds. Traditional studies of juvenile habitat use have emphasised the evolution of single optimal strategies that maximise recruitment to adulthood and eventual fitness. However, linking the distribution of individual behaviours that contribute to recruitment at the population level has been elusive, particularly for highly fecund aquatic organisms. We examined juvenile habitat use within a population of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that spawn in a watershed consisting of two interconnected lakes and a marine lagoon. Otolith microchemical analysis revealed that the productive headwater lake accounted for about half of juvenile growth for those individuals surviving to spawn in a single river in the upper watershed. However, 47% of adults had achieved more than half of their juvenile growth in the downstream less productive lake, and 3% of individuals migrated to the estuarine environment during their first summer and returned to freshwater to overwinter before migrating back to sea. These results describe a diversity of viable habitat‐use strategies by juvenile sockeye salmon that may buffer the population against poor conditions in any single rearing environment, reduce density‐dependent mortality and have implications for the designation of critical habitat for conservation purposes. A network of accessible alternative habitats providing trade‐offs in growth and survival may be important for long‐term viability of populations.
Predictors of splenic function preservation in children with sickle cell anemia treated with hydroxyurea
Authors: Nottage Kerri A. , Ware Russell E. , Winter Bryan , Smeltzer Matthew , Wang Winfred C. , Hankins Jane S. , Dertinger Stephen D. , Shulkin Barry , Aygun Banu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundMore than 90% of children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) lose splenic function by the age of 2 yrs. Splenic function may improve with hydroxyurea, but previous studies are conflicting. We prospectively evaluated the effect of hydroxyurea on splenic filtrative function.MethodsChildren with SCA enrolled in the Hydroxyurea Study of Long‐Term Effects (HUSTLE‐NCT00305175) underwent clinical evaluations including Tc99m liver–spleen (LS) scans before hydroxyurea initiation and after 3 yrs of treatment to maximum tolerated dose (MTD). LS scans were classified as follows: no uptake, <10% uptake, decreased but ≥10% uptake, and normal.ResultsMean age (N = 40) was 9.1 yrs, range 2.3–17.0. After 3 yrs of treatment, 13 (33%) had uptake on LS scan. These 13 children were younger (median age 6.0 vs. 10.6 yrs, P = 0.008), had a higher HbF at baseline (mean 10.2% vs. 5.8%, P = 0.004) and after 3 yrs (22.9% vs. 13.9%, P < 0.001), achieved MTD more rapidly (median 288 vs. 358 d, P = 0.021), and were more likely to have baseline splenic uptake (P < 0.001).ConclusionsHydroxyurea at MTD is associated with preserved or improved splenic filtrative function, with 33% demonstrating LS scan uptake after 3 yrs. Younger age, higher %HbF, and baseline splenic function are associated with a favorable outcome.
Cord blood CD34+ cells expanded on Wharton's jelly multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells improve the hematopoietic engraftment in NOD/SCID mice
Authors: Milazzo Luisa , Vulcano Francesca , Barca Alessandra , Macioce Giampiero , Paldino Emanuela , Rossi Stefania , Ciccarelli Carmela , Hassan Hamisa J. , Giampaolo Adele 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the capability of Wharton's jelly multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ‐MSC) to support the in vitro expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) derived from cord blood (CB) in the absence of exogenous cytokines, and the effect on engraftment of the expanded cells in a mouse model.MethodsCB‐CD34+ cells were seeded on WJ‐MSC layer and cultured in HP01 serum‐free medium. Day‐7 and day‐13 expanded cells were transplanted in NOD/SCID mice. After 8 wk, engraftment was evaluated in mouse bone marrow as percentage of human CD45+ cells.ResultsCD34+ population was expanded without increasing the differentiation rate. Co‐culture increased the expansion of the CD34+ cells by 2.0 and 7.3 times after 7 and 13 d, respectively, and maintained the CD34+ cells up to day 20. In particular, earlier CD34+/CD90+ and CD34+/CD33− subtypes were increased. An advantage of the day‐7 co‐cultured HSPC in respect of HSPC at day 0 in the engraftment of NOD/SCID mice was obtained both as percentage of mice engrafted (100% vs. 75%) and as percentage of chimerism.ConclusionsAlthough the increase in hematopoietic progenitors is not dramatic as in the presence of added cytokines, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of the WJ‐MSC not only to preserve the CD34+ population but also to improve the repopulating efficacy of the amplified HSPC, also in the absence of added cytokines and growth factors.
A single institution experience on 314 newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma patients: the role of ABVD in daily practice
Authors: Andjelic Bosko , Antic Darko , Jakovic Ljubomir , Todorovic Milena , Bogdanovic Andrija , Djurasinovic Vladislava , Bila Jelena , Mihaljevic Biljana 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBased on the results of clinical trials, there is no global consensus on the optimal first‐line therapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) with both ABVD and BEACOPP currently being used. However, the results of clinical trials are usually better than those in daily practice. We thus describe here our experience on 314 advanced classical HL patients treated with ABVD at the Clinical Center of Serbia and associated centers between 1997 and 2008. The median follow‐up for all patients was 91 months; the estimated 5‐yr event‐free survival was 62% and the 5‐yr overall survival (OS) 76%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with IPS ≥ 3 and extranodal disease involving more than one site have a poorer outcome. The data presented here show on overall improvement in outcome as compared to more previous data and illustrate the problems of treating advanced stage HL outside the setting of a clinical trial.
Necrotizing fasciitis in two patients with myelodysplastic syndrome treated with azacitidine
Authors: Lai Shiue‐Wei , Huang Tzu‐Chuan , Ye Ren‐Hua , Wu Yi‐Ying 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAzacitidine is a novel agent for treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). It has a relatively safe toxicity profile with very few reported skin toxicities. Patients with MDS were prone to get severe infections, especially via respiratory tract, urinary system, and bloodstream. However, necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a relatively rare event in patients with MDS, and it is hard to diagnose early. Here, we report two MDS cases that developed NF in lower extremities while receiving azacitidine treatment. One of them survives after emergent fasciotomy along with the administration of broad‐spectrum antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin.
Turoctocog alfa (NovoEight®) – from design to clinical proof of concept
Authors: Ezban Mirella , Vad Knud , Kjalke Marianne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTuroctocog alfa (NovoEight®) is a recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) with a truncated B‐domain made from the sequence coding for 10 amino acids from the N‐terminus and 11 amino acids from the C‐terminus of the naturally occurring B‐domain. Turoctocog alfa is produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells without addition of any human‐ or animal‐derived materials. During secretion, some rFVIII molecules are cleaved at the C‐terminal of the heavy chain (HC) at amino acid 720, and a monoclonal antibody binding C‐terminal to this position is used in the purification process allowing isolation of the intact rFVIII. Viral inactivation is ensured by a detergent inactivation step as well as a 20‐nm nano‐filtration step. Characterisation of the purified protein demonstrated that turoctocog alfa was fully sulphated at Tyr346 and Tyr1664, which is required for optimal proteolytic activation by thrombin. Kinetic assessments confirmed that turoctocog alfa was activated by thrombin at a similar rate as seen for other rFVIII products fully sulphated at these positions. Tyr1680 was also fully sulphated in turoctocog alfa resulting in strong affinity (low nm Kd) for binding to von Willebrand factor (VWF). Half‐lives of 7.2 ± 0.9 h in F8‐KO mice and 8.9 ± 1.8 h haemophilia A dogs supported that turoctocog alfa bound to VWF after infusion. Functional studies including thromboelastography analysis of human haemophilia A whole blood with added turoctocog alfa and effect studies in mice bleeding models demonstrated a dose‐dependent effect of turoctocog alfa. The non‐clinical data thus confirm the haemostatic effect of turoctocog alfa and, together with the comprehensive clinical evaluation, support the use as FVIII replacement therapy in patients with haemophilia A.
Rapid onset of peripheral artery disease in a chronic myeloid leukemia patient without prior arterial disorder: direct relationship with nilotinib exposure and clinical outcome
Authors: Mirault Tristan , Rea Delphine , Azarine Arshid , Messas Emmanuel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of the BCR‐ABL1 oncoprotein nilotinib used in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia is suspected to increase the risk of arterial occlusion, especially in patients with pre‐existing cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular diseases. Here, we describe a case of unexpected and rapid onset of symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD) associated with silent stenosis of digestive and renal arteries in a nilotinib‐treated patient devoid of significant cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factor, prior atherosclerotic disease, or other cause of arterial damage. This is the first report to establish a direct relationship between nilotinib exposure and PAD and to reveal that arterial damage is irreversible despite rapid drug withdrawal. However, functional outcome was favorable upon rapid TKI replacement, specific cardiovascular disease management, and development of collateral arterial network.