bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full-length RNA sequencing and single-nucleus sequencing deciphers programmed cell death and developmental trajectories in laticiferous canals of Decaisnea insignis fruits
Authors: Li Gen , Zhao Qian , Shi Xinwei , Li Bin , Yang Luyao , Wang Yanwen , Zhou Yafu 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionProgrammed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental biological process crucial for plant development. Despite recent advancements in our understanding of PCD’s molecular mechanisms, the intricate orchestration of this process within plant cells remains enigmatic. To address this knowledge gap, the present study focuses on Decaisnea insignis, a plant species renowned for its unique fruit anatomy, including laticiferous canals that secrete latex. While extensive anatomical studies have elucidated the structural features of these canals,molecular insights into their developmental regulation, particularly the involvement of PCD, are lacking.MethodsIn this study, we sequenced the single-cell transcriptomes at two developmental stage of Decaisnea insignis fruit using the technology known as 10x Genomics (S1, S2). Using sequencing technology combining full- length RNA sequencing and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) in combination with ultrastructural analyses, our study revealed a cellular map of Decaisnea insignis fruit at the single-cell level and identified different cell types.ResultsIn particular, we identified a possible PCD-mediated cluster of Decaisnea insignis fruit lactiferous canals in epidermal cells and clarified the expression patterns of DiRD21A (a hydrolase) and DiLSD1 (a transcription factor), which may be closely related to the development of laticiferous canals in Decaisnea insignis fruits.DiscussionBy integrating high-resolution gene expression profiling with visual insights into cellular transformations, we sought to more precisely characterize the regulatory role of PCD during the developmental formation of lactiferous canals in Decaisnea insignis fruit.
Personality traits in musicians with different types of music performance anxiety
Authors: Spahn Claudia , Krampe-Heni Franziska , Hohagen Jesper , Immerz Anna , Nusseck Manfred 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study investigated the relationship between personality traits and MPA in the course of a specific performance.MethodsFor this purpose, symptoms of MPA, functional coping with MPA and performance-related self-efficacy of a sample of 393 musicians including 23% professional, 49% non-professional orchestra musicians and 28% singers in amateur choirs were categorized and then used to analyze differences in the personality traits. The questionnaires used were the NEO-FFI and the PQM.ResultsThe results showed that professional orchestra musicians had significantly higher openness and conscientiousness than non-professional orchestra musicians and amateur choir singers. Musicians who had few symptoms of MPA, positive coping with MPA and high self-efficacy across a specific performance (Type 1) have low neuroticism in their personality traits. Regarding MPA, the personality traits were correlated with all MPA scales after the performance but less with MPA scales before and during the performance.DiscussionResults could indicate that personality traits play a particularly important role in the processing of performance experiences after the performance and suggest focusing on the situation after the performance in particular with professional orchestra musicians.
Research on the influence of body image on college students’ weight-loss intention: chained intermediary analysis of self-efficacy and self-esteem
Authors: Yiyi Ouyang , Xue Xiong , Jiong Luo , Yanhui Zhang 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the relationship between body image, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and weight-loss intention among college students, offering insights to promote healthy and confident lifestyle habits.MethodsUndergraduate students from western China were selected using a stratified random sampling method. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical software.Results(1) Body image showed a significantly positive correlation with self-efficacy and self-esteem but a negative correlation with weight-loss intention. Self-efficacy exhibited a significantly positive correlation with self-esteem and a negative correlation with weight-loss intention, while self-esteem was significantly negatively correlated with weight-loss intention. (2) Body image directly impacted weight-loss intention [Effect Size (ES) = −0.120]. Self-efficacy (ES = −0.069) and self-esteem (ES = −0.119) played significant mediating roles between body image and weight-loss intention, respectively. (3) The chained intermediary role of self-efficacy and self-esteem also reached significance (ES = −0.038).ConclusionBody image conducts effect on the degree of weight-loss intention among college students through direct ways or indirect ways such as the intermediary role of self-efficacy and self-esteem, and also the chained intermediary role of self-efficacy and self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem is another key factors affecting college students’ weight-loss intention.
Pulmonary embolism incidence among patient admitted under psychiatry department: a case-control study
Authors: Zhang Wanling , Paudel Dhirendra , Shi Rui , Yang Junwei , Liu Jingwen , Jia Yanbin 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPulmonary embolism (PE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Identifying risk factors and diagnostic markers can aid in the early detection and management of this condition.MethodsThis case-control study examined 10,077 patients admitted to Shenzhen Kangning Hospital’s psychiatry facility in 2020. Among these, 65 patients were diagnosed with PE, including 50 new cases. After survival sampling for controls and age-and-gender matching, the study included 41 new PE cases and 41 age-and-gender-matched controls. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and medication use were extracted from electronic records. Conditional logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between each predictor and PE risk. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity of the d-dimer diagnostic tool were assessed.ResultsIn univariable conditional logistic regression, active alcoholism was associated with a higher PE risk (OR=3.675, 95% CI 1.02–13.14, P=0.046). A history of physical restraint (OR=4.33, 95% CI 1.24–15.21, P=0.022) and chemical restraint (OR 4.67, 95% CI 1.34–16.24, p=0.015) also increased PE risk, as did benzodiazepine use (OR=3.33, 95% CI 1.34–8.30, P=0.010). Conversely, psychotropic medication before admission was associated with a lower risk of PE (OR=0.07, 95% CI 0.01–0.59, P=0.013). Stepwise multivariable forward conditional regression identified two subsets of psychiatric patients at higher risk of PE: new psychiatric cases without medication at admission who were chemically restrained, and cases without medication at admission who were started on antipsychotics and benzodiazepines. The d-dimer diagnostic tool, with an optimal threshold of 570 ng/ml determined by the Youden index (J statistic of 0.6098), showed a sensitivity of 73.17% and specificity of 87.80% for detecting PE, with an AUC of 0.833 (95% CI: 0.735–0.906).ConclusionOur findings suggest that a history of restraint, alcoholism, and the use of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines are important predictors of PE in psychiatric inpatients. Conversely, psychotropic medications at admission may be linked to a lower PE risk. The d-dimer diagnostic tool shows good value for screening PE in psychiatric inpatients. These predictors and diagnostic markers could help clinicians identify high-risk patients and implement appropriate prevention strategies.
Prevalence of typhoid fever and its associated factors among febrile patients visiting Arerti Primary Hospital, Amhara Region, north east Ethiopia
Authors: Muche Genet , Tesfaw Asmamaw , Bayou Fekade Demeke 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundTyphoid fever is one of the major public health concerns in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Understanding the burden and factors contributing to the transmission and development of the disease is crucial to applying appropriate preventive and therapeutic interventions.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of typhoid fever and its associated factors among febrile patients visiting Arerti Primary Hospital from 1 March to 30 May 2022.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among 326 febrile patients visiting Arerti Primary Hospital for health services. The data were collected using laboratory procedures (widal test) and a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. The data were entered using Epi Data version 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between variables. P-value &lt; 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to measure the presence and strength of associations.ResultsIn this study, of the total 317 cases that participated, the majority (64.4%) of them were males with age ranges from 13 to 63 years. The overall prevalence of positive antigen tests for typhoid infection was 30.0% (95% CI: 25.0%−35.3%). About 66.9% of the study participants had good knowledge, 75.7% had favorable perception, and 42.3% had good infection prevention practice. Being unemployed [AOR = 7.57, 95% CI (1.98, 28.93)], being a farmer [AOR = 2.73, 95% CI (1.01, 7.41)], and having a body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 kg/m2 [AOR = 5.12, 95%CI (2.45, 10.68)] were significantly associated with typhoid fever infection.ConclusionThe prevalence of typhoid fever among febrile patients was high. Typhoid fever infection was significantly associated with occupational status (being unemployed and being a farmer) and lower BMI. The level of knowledge, perception, and practice of typhoid fever infection prevention were found inadequate. Therefore, behavioral change interventions are needed at the community level.
Occurrence, multidrug resistance and potential risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus infection at worker-animal and working equipment interfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Ethiopian literature
Authors: Mengistu Bemrew Admassu , Getnet Kalkidan , Mebratu Atsede Solomon , Fenta Melkie Dagnaw 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infecting animals and humans via close contact, handling, or consuming contaminated products is a growing public health concern. In Ethiopia, it is important to examine the overall prevalence of S. aureus, patterns of multidrug resistance, and potential risks in human-animal interface settings. Thus, this review was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of S. aureus, its multidrug resistance, and potential risk factors for worker-animal-working equipment interactions.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out by the PRISMA guidelines. The research articles were searched from PubMed, HINARI, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 13 independent articles and 52 dependent studies. In total, 5,329 humans, 5,475 animals, and 5,119 samples of working equipment were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus at the interfaces between humans, animals, and working equipment was 22%, there was a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 94%: p &lt; 0.01). The overall pooled prevalence of S. aureus in dairy farm sources was 23% (95% CI, 17–30%) compared to 18% in abattoirs. The pooled prevalence of S. aureus was estimated to be 25% for human sources, 23% for animal sources, and 19% for working equipment. The total multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was 27%. The present study illustrates that a predominant antimicrobials comprising ampicillin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, accounts for the development of resistance in S. aureus strains, with a prevalence of 72%. According to the qualitative assessment of potential risk factors, animal age, worker education, lactation stage, and hand washing by milkers influenced the circulation of S. aureus at animal-worker and working equipment interfaces.ConclusionThe pooled prevalence of S. aureus at the interface of human,-and animal-working equipment was quantified at 22%. S. aureus was found in humans, animals, and equipment at nearly the same rate. The results of this study demonstrate that S. aureus is hazardous and circulates among animals, workers, and equipment: farmers, animal owners, employees, and the public need to be educated about S. aureus. Moreover, animals and work equipment should be included in the control and prevention of S. aureus infection.
Sufficient sleep and its contributing factors among high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic: results from adolescent behaviors and experiences survey
Authors: Chen Zhengyang , Li Ruili , Liu Yuexi , Lian Qiguo 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound changes in adolescent lives, including school closures, social isolation, family economic hardship, and sleep schedule. We aimed to assess the risk and protective factors of sufficient sleep among adolescents during COVID-19.MethodsWe conducted secondary analysis based on the cross-sectional school-based Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey in 2021 (n = 7,705). The ABES collected information on health-related experiences and behaviors during COVID-19. The outcome was sufficient sleep (eight and more hours of sleep on the average school night). The contributing factors included demographic, mental health, and adverse experiences indicators. We estimated the prevalence of sufficient sleep within each factor, and examined their associations using Chi-square test. We further investigated the contributing factors of sufficient sleep using multivariate logistic regression and reported the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring January–June 2021, 23.5% of the U.S. high school students reported getting sufficient sleep. The multivariate logistic regression indicated that younger age (AOR, 2.04; 95%CI, 1.59–2.62), heterosexual identity (AOR, 1.61; 95%CI, 1.19–2.18), no poor mental health during the past 30 days (AOR, 1.37; 95%CI, 1.03–1.82), no persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness (AOR, 1.34; 95%CI, 1.09–1.66), no food and nutrition insecurity (AOR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.17–1.85), never been abused by a parent emotionally (AOR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.16–1.64), and no schoolwork difficulty (AOR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.01–1.51) were associated with sufficient sleep.ConclusionWe estimated the national prevalence of adolescent sufficient sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that younger students, sexual heterosexual students, and students without certain mental health conditions or adverse experiences are at higher likelihood of sufficient sleep. These findings can help develop effective interventions on sleep duration in the response to a possible future pandemic caused by Disease X.
Innovative approaches for managing patients with chronic vestibular disorders: follow-up indicators and predictive markers for studying the vestibular error signal
Authors: Xavier Frédéric , Chouin Emmanuelle , Tighilet Brahim , Chabbert Christian , Besnard Stéphane 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDespite significant advancements in understanding the biochemical, anatomical, and functional impacts of vestibular lesions, developing standardized and effective rehabilitation strategies for patients unresponsive to conventional therapies remains a challenge. Chronic vestibular disorders, characterized by permanent or recurrent imbalances and blurred vision or oscillopsia, present significant complexity in non-pharmacological management. The complex interaction between peripheral vestibular damage and its impact on the central nervous system (CNS) raises questions about neuroplasticity and vestibular compensation capacity. Although fundamental research has examined the consequences of lesions on the vestibular system, the effect of a chronic peripheral vestibular error signal (VES) on the CNS remains underexplored. The VES refers to the discrepancy between sensory expectations and perceptions of the vestibular system has been clarified through recent engineering studies. This deeper understanding of VES is crucial not only for vestibular physiology and pathology but also for designing effective measures and methods of vestibular rehabilitation, shedding light on the importance of compensation mechanisms and sensory integration.MethodsThis retrospective study, targeting patients with chronic unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy unresponsive to standard treatments, sought to exclude any interference from pre-existing conditions. Participants were evaluated before and after a integrative vestibular exploratory and rehabilitation program through questionnaires, posturographic tests, and videonystagmography.ResultsThe results indicate significant improvements in postural stability and quality of life, demonstrating positive modulation of the CNS and an improvement of vestibular compensation.DiscussionSuccessful vestibular rehabilitation likely requires a multifaceted approach that incorporates the latest insights into neuroplasticity and sensory integration, tailored to the specific needs and clinical progression of each patient. Focusing on compensating for the VES and enhancing sensory-perceptual-motor integration, this approach aims not just to tailor interventions but also to reinforce coherence among the vestibular, visual, and neurological systems, thereby improving the quality of life for individuals with chronic vestibular disorders.
Resting muscle tension and trigger points in elite junior short-track athletes and healthy non-athletes: a cross-sectional examination
Authors: Konieczny Mariusz , Matuska Jakub , Pakosz Paweł , Domaszewski Przemysław , Skulska Marta , Herrero Pablo , Skorupska Elżbieta 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionShort-track speed skating (short track) is an Olympic sport characterized by a specific body position and counterclockwise movement on the track. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that athlete body positions employed in this sport could lead to asymmetric overuse disorders of the left lower limb muscles. An increased number of latent trigger points (LTrPs) was confirmed in individual muscles of the overloaded left limb of short-track athletes. This study aimed to compare the number of LTrPs and the level of resting muscle tone between elite junior short-track athletes and healthy non-athletes.MethodsThe experimental (EXP) group comprised 15 elite short-track junior athletes from the Polish national team and the control (CON) group comprised 15 healthy young volunteers. In both groups, the left leg was tested for (i) the presence of LTrPs and (ii) resting muscle tone (RMT), assessed using surface electromyography in six muscles.ResultsThe EXP group showed a higher number of LTrPs in the left lower limb, compared with the CON group. The muscle that was most significantly affected in the athletes was the vastus lateralis obliquus [χ2 (1, N = 30), p &lt; 0.001, V Cramer = 0.71]. This muscle also differed significantly between the groups in terms of the RMT (p = 0.033, Cohen's d = 0.87).ConclusionsElite short-track junior athletes presented with increased RMT and an increased number of LTrPs in the vastus lateralis oblique muscle, compared with healthy non-athletes.
Effect of altered production and storage of dopamine on development and behavior in C. elegans
Authors: Lee Irene , Knickerbocker Ava C. , Depew Charlotte R. , Martin Elizabeth L. , Dicent Jocelyn , Miller Gary W. , Bucher Meghan L. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), is an advantageous model for studying developmental toxicology due to its well-defined developmental stages and homology to humans. It has been established that across species, dopaminergic neurons are highly vulnerable to neurotoxicant exposure, resulting in developmental neuronal dysfunction and age-induced degeneration. C. elegans, with genetic perturbations in dopamine system proteins, can provide insight into the mechanisms of dopaminergic neurotoxicants. In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis on the effect of gene mutations in dopamine-related proteins on body size, development, and behavior in C. elegans.MethodsWe studied C. elegans that lack the ability to sequester dopamine (OK411) and that overproduce dopamine (UA57) and a novel strain (MBIA) generated by the genetic crossing of OK411 and UA57, which both lack the ability to sequester dopamine into vesicles and, additionally, endogenously overproduce dopamine. The MBIA strain was generated to address the hypothesis that an endogenous increase in the production of dopamine can rescue deficits caused by a lack of vesicular dopamine sequestration. These strains were analyzed for body size, developmental stage, reproduction, egg laying, motor behaviors, and neuronal health utilizing multiple methods.ResultsOur results further implicate proper dopamine synthesis and sequestration in the regulation of C. elegans body size, development through larval stages into gravid adulthood, and motor functioning. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrate that body size in terms of length is distinct from the developmental stage as fully developed gravid adult C. elegans with disruptions in the dopamine system have decreased body lengths. Thus, body size should not be used as a proxy for the developmental stage when designing experiments.DiscussionOur results provide additional evidence that the dopamine system impacts the development, growth, and reproduction in C. elegans. Furthermore, our data suggest that endogenously increasing the production of dopamine mitigates deficits in C. elegans lacking the ability to package dopamine into synaptic vesicles. The novel strain, MBIA, and novel analyses of development and reproduction presented here can be utilized in developmental neurotoxicity experiments.
The heart of plastic: utilizing the Drosophila model to investigate the effects of micro/nanoplastics on heart function
Authors: Hohman Alyssa M. , Sorensen Rachel M. , Jovanovic Boris , McNeill Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2024

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have increasingly been found in the environment. Until recently, most MPs/NPs toxicological research has been done in aquatic systems resulting in a gap in knowledge regarding terrestrial systems. Plastics have been shown to enter the circulatory system of humans, and can accumulate within organs, little is known about the effect this has on health. Heart disease is the leading cause of death globally, so it’s critical to understand the possible impacts MPs/NPs have on the heart. The Drosophila model has been growing in popularity within the toxicology field, it allows for affordable and rapid research on the impacts of a variety of toxins, including plastics. Some research has examined toxicological effects of plastics on the fly, evaluating the effects on mortality, fecundity, development, and locomotion. However, no one has studied the effects on the Drosophila heart. We utilize the Drosophila model to identify the potential effects of oral exposure to polystyrene MPs (1 µm in diameter) and NPs (0.05 µm in diameter) particles on heart function. Flies were exposed to 1.4 × 1011 particles/d/kg of larvae for MPs and 1.2 × 1018 particles/d/kg of larvae for NPs from egg to pupal eclosion. Heart function was then analyzed utilizing semi-intact dissections and Semi-automatic Optic Heartbeat Analysis software (SOHA). Following exposure to MPs and NPs we see sexually dimorphic changes to heart size and function. This study highlights the importance of additional Drosophila MPs/NPs research to identify the molecular mechanisms behind these changes.