bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regeneration of dental pulp tissue in immature teeth with apical periodontitis using platelet‐rich plasma and dental pulp cells
Authors: Zhu W. , Zhu X. , Huang G. T.‐J. , Cheung G. S. P. , Dissanayaka W. L. , Zhang C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the new tissues growing into the pulp space of immature dog teeth that were infected, disinfected and filled with blood clot (BC), dental pulp cells (DPCs), platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) or a combination of DPCs and PRP in immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis.MethodologyFifty‐six immature roots from mandibular premolars of four beagles were divided into four experimental groups (n = 40) and two control groups. After the induction of apical periodontitis, the root canals of experimental groups were disinfected with NaOCl irrigation and a tri‐antibiotic paste medication. The canals were then filled with different materials according to the experimental group: BC group, DPCs group, PRP group or DPCs + PRP group. Access cavities were sealed with MTA and composite. Radiographs were taken after 90 days, and the jaws including the teeth were processed for histologic analysis. The data were statistically analysed using chi‐square evaluation and Student's t‐test.ResultsRadiographic analyses demonstrated no significant difference between experimental groups in periradicular bone healing (P > 0.05), whilst those groups that used DPCs produced a significantly greater root thickening (P < 0.01). The histologic evaluation showed that the groups with PRP formed more tissues in the canals (P = 0.01). The groups with DPCs had substantially more mineralized tissue formation in the canal than those without DPCs, especially in the apical third. In DPCs + PRP group, bone‐like tissue grew into the canal space from the periapical tissue.ConclusionsA combination of DPCs + PRP increased vital tissue regeneration within the root canals of immature teeth associated with apical periodontitis.
Familial cases with MYH9 disorders caused by MYH9 S96L mutation
Authors: Murayama Shizuko , Akiyama Masaharu , Namba Hiroyuki , Wada Yasuyuki , Ida Hiroyuki , Kunishima Shinji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report familial cases with
MYH9
disorders: a 1‐year‐old Japanese boy who presented only with macrothrombocytopenia, and his 33‐year‐old father who had been diagnosed with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and suffered from hearing loss and chronic renal failure. Peripheral blood smears revealed giant platelets but no Döhle body‐like cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in neutrophils. Heterozygous
MYH9
S96L mutations were found in the patient and his father, resulting in the diagnosis of a familial case with
MYH9
disorders. The possibility of
MYH9
disorders including Epstein syndrome should be assessed in cases of thrombocytopenia through the careful examination of hematological features.
Development of fatty acid calcium stone ileus after initiation of human milk fortifier
Authors: Murase Masahiko , Miyazawa Tokuo , Taki Motohiro , Sakurai Motoichiro , Miura Fumihiro , Mizuno Katsumi , Itabashi Kazuo , Toki Akira 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report a case who was born with extremely low birth weight infant and had experienced abdominal operation for necrotizing enterocolitis, eventually developed ileus due to fatty acid calcium stones after giving human milk fortifier. He had developed necrotizing enterocolitis on day 30 of his age, such that we performed enterectomy and ileostomy. He could not tolerate enteral feeding fully, because intestinal fistula infection was repeated. Although we administered hindmilk, he grew up slowly and he suffered cholestasis as well. We performed end‐to‐end anastomosis to prevent fistula infections on day 87. After this operation, breast milk feeding volume was increased easily. However, we started to add HMF of half‐strength on day 124, because his body weight gain remained very poor. And we confirmed to intensify the ratio of HMF full‐strength on day 128. After that his abdomen had distended on day 131. As there is no effect of conservative therapy to occlusive ileus, we did emergency laparotomy on day 139. Intestinal calculi were impacted at anastomic portion. Although all stones were removed, he died on 144 days due to disseminated intravascular coagulation and renal failure. Calculi analysis revealed that all of them were fatty acid calcium stones. There is no report about like our case. We speculate that the construction of fatty acid calcium result from either high concentration of calcium/phosphorus or rapid increase in the fortification. We could have prevented this case happened by slower increment of fortification.
Witnessed versus Unwitnessed Random Urine Tests in the Treatment of Opioid Dependence
Authors: Mallya Ashok , Purnell Amanda L. , Svrakic Dragan M. , Lovell Ann M. , Freedland Kenneth E. , Gott Britt M. , Sayuk Gregory S. , Cicero Theodore J. , Brawer Peter A. , Trafton Jodie A. , Scherrer Jeffrey F. , Lustman Patrick J. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesClinics licensed to provide pharmacotherapy for opiate dependence disorder are required to perform random urine drug screen (RUDS) tests. The results provide the empirical basis of individual treatment and programmatic effectiveness, and public health policy. Patients consent to witnessed testing but most tests are unwitnessed. The purpose of the present study was to compare treatment effectiveness estimates derived from witnessed versus unwitnessed urine samples.MethodsWe adopted a policy requiring visually witnessed urine drug screens (WUDS) and studied its impact (a single group, pretest–posttest design) on the RUDS test results in 115 male veterans enrolled in the St. Louis VA Opioid Treatment Program.ResultsThe percentage of opioid‐positive urine samples increased significantly following implementation of WUDS (25% vs. 41%, χ2 = 66.5, p < .001).Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceResults of this preliminary study suggest that random testing alone does not ensure the integrity of UDS testing. Outcome calculations based on random unwitnessed tests may overestimate the effectiveness of opioid dependence disorder treatment. (Am J Addict 2013;22:175‐177)
The Effects of Low-Dose Radiation: Soviet Science, The Nuclear Industry – And Independence?
Authors: Møller Anders Pape , Mousseau Timothy A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Chernobyl and Fukushima have led to worldwide interest in the effects of so-called low-dose radiation. But research so far has been a puzzling mix of Soviet science and research supported by the nuclear industry, with some independent scientists contributing. Anders Pape Møller and Timothy A. Mousseau navigate between th ese diverse efforts to investigate the effects of low-dose radiation on animals, plants and people.
Annual Research Review: Resilience and mental health in children and adolescents living in areas of armed conflict – a systematic review of findings in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Tol Wietse A. , Song Suzan , Jordans Mark J. D. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundResearchers focused on mental health of conflict‐affected children are increasingly interested in the concept of resilience. Knowledge on resilience may assist in developing interventions aimed at improving positive outcomes or reducing negative outcomes, termed promotive or protective interventions.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of peer‐reviewed qualitative and quantitative studies focused on resilience and mental health in children and adolescents affected by armed conflict in low‐ and middle‐income countries.ResultsAltogether 53 studies were identified: 15 qualitative and mixed methods studies and 38 quantitative, mostly cross‐sectional studies focused on school‐aged children and adolescents. Qualitative studies identified variation across socio‐cultural settings of relevant resilience outcomes, and report contextually unique processes contributing to such outcomes. Quantitative studies focused on promotive and protective factors at different socio‐ecological levels (individual, family‐, peer‐, school‐, and community‐levels). Generally, promotive and protective factors showed gender‐, symptom‐, and phase of conflict‐specific effects on mental health outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough limited by its predominantly cross‐sectional nature and focus on protective outcomes, this body of knowledge supports a perspective of resilience as a complex dynamic process driven by time‐ and context‐dependent variables, rather than the balance between risk‐ and protective factors with known impacts on mental health. Given the complexity of findings in this population, we conclude that resilience‐focused interventions will need to be highly tailored to specific contexts, rather than the application of a universal model that may be expected to have similar effects on mental health across contexts.
Learning disabilities in Darier's disease patients
Authors: Dodiuk‐Gad R. , Lerner M. , Breznitz Z. , Cohen‐Barak E. , Ziv M. , Shani‐Adir A. , Amichai B. , Zlotogorski A. , Shalev S. , Rozenman D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeuropsychiatric features and intellectual difficulties have been reported in studies of Darier's disease. Learning disabilities have never been reported or evaluated systematically in these patients.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of learning disabilities in 76 patients with Darier's disease, and cognitive functioning in 19 of them.MethodsThe data were collected by two methods: a questionnaire, as part of a larger study on the clinical characteristics of 76 patients; and neuropsychological measures for the assessment of learning disabilities in 19 of them.ResultsThirty‐one of the 76 patients reported learning disabilities (41%) and 56 (74%) reported a family history of learning disabilities. Significant differences were found between the 19 patients evaluated on cognitive tasks and a control group of 42 skilled learners on subtraction and multiplication tasks. Six (32%) of the 19 were identified as having reading difficulties and five (26%) exhibited low performance on the Concentration Performance Test. All patients had general cognitive ability in the average range.ConclusionsFindings suggest an association between Darier's disease and learning disabilities, a heretofore unreported association, pointing to the need to obtain personal and family history of such disabilities in order to refer cases of clinical concern for further study.
Targeting of Mammography Screening According to Life Expectancy in Women Aged 75 and Older
Authors: Schonberg Mara A. , Breslau Erica S. , McCarthy Ellen P. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo examine receipt of mammography screening according to life expectancy in women aged 75 and older.DesignPopulation‐based survey.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsCommunity dwelling U.S. women aged 75 and older who participated in the 2008 or 2010 National Health Interview Survey.MeasurementsUsing a previously developed and validated index, women were categorized according to life expectancy (>9, 5–9, <5 years). Receipt of mammography screening in the past 2 years was examined according to life expectancy, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, access to care, preventive orientation (e.g., receipt of influenza vaccination), and receipt of a clinician recommendation for screening.ResultsOf 2,266 respondents, 27.1% had a life expectancy of greater than 9 years, 53.4% had a life expectancy of 5 to 9 years, and 19.5% had a life expectancy of less than 5 years. Overall, 55.7% reported receiving mammography screening in the past 2 years. Life expectancy was strongly associated with receipt of screening (P < .001), yet 36.1% of women with less than 5 years life expectancy were screened, and 29.2% of women with more than 9 years life expectancy were not screened. A clinician recommendation for screening was the strongest predictor of screening independent of life expectancy. Higher educational attainment, age, receipt of influenza vaccination, and history of benign breast biopsy were also independently associated with being screened.ConclusionDespite uncertainty of benefit, many women aged 75 and older are screened with mammography. Life expectancy is strongly associated with receipt of screening, which may reflect clinicians and patients appropriately considering life expectancy in screening decisions, but 36% of women with short life expectancies are still screened, suggesting that new interventions are needed to further improve targeting of screening according to life expectancy. Decision aids and guidelines encouraging clinicians to consider patient life expectancy in screening decisions may improve care.
Visualization and characterization of engineered nanoparticles in complex environmental and food matrices using atmospheric scanning electron microscopy
Authors: LUO P. , MORRISON I. , DUDKIEWICZ A. , TIEDE K. , BOYES E. , O’TOOLE P. , PARK S. , BOXALL A.B. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryImaging and characterization of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in water, soils, sediment and food matrices is very important for research into the risks of ENPs to consumers and the environment. However, these analyses pose a significant challenge as most existing techniques require some form of sample manipulation prior to imaging and characterization, which can result in changes in the ENPs in a sample and in the introduction of analytical artefacts. This study therefore explored the application of a newly designed instrument, the atmospheric scanning electron microscope (ASEM), which allows the direct characterization of ENPs in liquid matrices and which therefore overcomes some of the limitations associated with existing imaging methods. ASEM was used to characterize the size distribution of a range of ENPs in a selection of environmental and food matrices, including supernatant of natural sediment, test medium used in ecotoxicology studies, bovine serum albumin and tomato soup under atmospheric conditions. The obtained imaging results were compared to results obtained using conventional imaging by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and SEM as well as to size distribution data derived from nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). ASEM analysis was found to be a complementary technique to existing methods that is able to visualize ENPs in complex liquid matrices and to provide ENP size information without extensive sample preparation. ASEM images can detect ENPs in liquids down to 30 nm and to a level of 1 mg L−1 (9×108 particles mL−1, 50 nm Au ENPs). The results indicate ASEM is a highly complementary method to existing approaches for analyzing ENPs in complex media and that its use will allow those studying to study ENP behavior in situ, something that is currently extremely challenging to do.
Neural stem/progenitor cells display a low requirement for oxidative metabolism independent of hypoxia inducible factor‐1alpha expression
Authors: Candelario Kate M. , Shuttleworth C. William , Cunningham Lee Anna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNeural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) are multipotent cells within the embryonic and adult brain that give rise to both neuronal and glial cell lineages. Maintenance of NSPC multipotency is promoted by low oxygen tension, although the metabolic underpinnings of this trait have not been described. In this study, we investigated the metabolic state of undifferentiated NSPCs in culture, and tested their relative reliance on oxidative versus glycolytic metabolism for survival, as well as their dependence on hypoxia inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α) expression for maintenance of metabolic phenotype. Unlike primary neurons, NSPCs from embryonic and adult mice survived prolonged hypoxia in culture. In addition, NSPCs displayed greater susceptibility to glycolytic inhibition compared with primary neurons, even in the presence of alternative mitochondrial TCA substrates. NSPCs were also more resistant than neurons to mitochondrial cyanide toxicity, less capable of utilizing galactose as an alternative substrate to glucose, and more susceptible to pharmacological inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway by 6‐aminonicotinamide. Inducible deletion of exon 1 of the Hif1a gene improved the ability of NSPCs to utilize pyruvate during glycolytic inhibition, but did not alter other parameters of metabolism, including their ability to withstand prolonged hypoxia. Taken together, these data indicate that NSPCs have a relatively low requirement for oxidative metabolism for their survival and that hypoxic resistance is not dependent upon HIF‐1α signaling.
Organization Capital and the Cross‐Section of Expected Returns
Authors: EISFELDT ANDREA L. , PAPANIKOLAOU DIMITRIS 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTOrganization capital is a production factor that is embodied in the firm's key talent and has an efficiency that is firm specific. Hence, both shareholders and key talent have a claim to its cash flows. We develop a model in which the outside option of the key talent determines the share of firm cash flows that accrue to shareholders. This outside option varies systematically and renders firms with high organization capital riskier from shareholders' perspective. We find that firms with more organization capital have average returns that are 4.6% higher than firms with less organization capital.
Liver fibrosis staging through a stepwise analysis of non‐invasive markers (FibroSteps) in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: El‐Kamary Samer S. , Mohamed Mona M. , El‐Raziky Maissa , Shardell Michelle D. , Shaker Olfat G. , ElAkel Wafaa A. , Esmat Gamal 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive fibrosis markers can distinguish between liver fibrosis stages in lieu of liver biopsy or imaging elastography.AimsTo develop a sensitive, non‐invasive, freely‐available algorithm that differentiates between individual liver fibrosis stages in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients.MethodsChronic HCV patients (n = 355) at Cairo University Hospital, Egypt, with liver biopsy to determine fibrosis stage (METAVIR), were tested for preselected fibrosis markers. A novel multistage stepwise fibrosis classification algorithm (FibroSteps) was developed using random forest analysis for biomarker selection, and logistic regression for modelling. FibroSteps predicted fibrosis stage using four steps: Step 1 distinguished no(F0)/mild fibrosis(F1) vs. moderate(F2)/severe fibrosis(F3)/cirrhosis(F4); Step 2a distinguished F0 vs. F1; Step 2b distinguished F2 vs. F3/F4; and Step 3 distinguished F3 vs. F4. FibroSteps was developed using a randomly‐selected training set (n = 234) and evaluated using the remaining patients (n = 118) as a validation set.ResultsHyaluronic Acid, TGF‐β1, α2‐macroglobulin, MMP‐2, Apolipoprotein‐A1, Urea, MMP‐1, alpha‐fetoprotein, haptoglobin, RBCs, haemoglobin and TIMP‐1 were selected into the models, which had areas under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.973, 0.923 (Step 1); 0.943, 0.872 (Step 2a); 0.916, 0.883 (Step 2b) and 0.944, 0.946 (Step 3), in the training and validation sets respectively. The final classification had accuracies of 94.9% (95% CI: 91.3–97.4%) and 89.8% (95% CI: 82.9–94.6%) for the training and validation sets respectively.ConclusionsFibroSteps, a freely available, non‐invasive liver fibrosis classification, is accurate and can assist clinicians in making prognostic and therapeutic decisions. The statistical code for FibroSteps using R software is provided in the supplementary materials.
Immunomodulatory properties of dental tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Z , Jiang C‐M , An S , Cheng Q , Huang Y‐F , Wang Y‐T , Gou Y‐C , Xiao L , Yu W‐J , Wang J 
Published: February 2013

In addition to their well‐established self‐renewal and multipotent differentiation properties, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) also possess potent immunomodulatory functions both in vitro and in vivo, which render them a potential novel immunotherapeutic tool for a variety of autoimmune and inflammation‐related diseases. The major mechanisms may involve (1) the secretion of an array of soluble factors such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), indoleamine 2, 3‐dioxygenase (IDO), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and human leukocyte antigen G5 (HLA‐G5); (2) interactions between MSCs and immune cells such as T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Recently, increasing evidence has supported that MSCs derived from dental tissues are promising alternative sources of multipotent MSCs. We here provide a thorough and extensive review about new findings in the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs derived from several dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, gingiva, exfoliated deciduous teeth, apical papilla, and dental follicle, respectively. The immunomodulatory properties of dental MSCs place them as a more accessible cell source than bone marrow‐derived MSCs for cell‐based therapy of immune and inflammation‐related diseases.
Relationship between disease severity and escape of Pseudoperonospora cubensis sporangia from a cucumber canopy during downy mildew epidemics
Authors: Neufeld K. N. , Isard S. A. , Ojiambo P. S. 
Published: February 2013

Fundamental to the development of models to predict the spread of cucurbit downy mildew is the ability to determine the escape of Pseudoperonospora cubensis sporangia from infected fields. Aerial concentrations of sporangia, C (sporangia m−3), were monitored using Rotorod samplers deployed at 0·5 to 3·0 m above a naturally infected cucumber canopy in two sites in central and eastern North Carolina in 2011, where disease severity ranged from 1 to 40%. Standing crop of sporangia was assessed each morning at 07·00 h EDT and ranged from 320 to 16 170 sporangia m−2. Disease severity and height above the canopy significantly (P < 0·0001) affected C with mean concentration (Cm) being high at moderate disease. Values of Cm decreased rapidly with canopy height and at a height of 2·0 m, Cm was only 7% of values measured at 0·5 m when disease was moderate. Daily total flux (FD) was dependent on disease severity and ranged from 5·9 to 2242·3 sporangia m−2. The fraction of available sporangia that escaped the canopy increased from 0·028 to 0·171 as average wind speed above the canopy for periods of high C increased from 1·7 to 3·6 m s−1. Variations of Cm and FD with increasing disease were well described (P < 0·0001) by a log‐normal model with 15% as the threshold above which Cm and FD decreased as disease severity increased. These results indicate that disease severity should be used to adjust sporangia escape in spore transport simulation models that are used to predict the risk of spread of cucurbit downy mildew.