bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Warpage in In-Mold Decoration Injection Molded Composites
Authors: Lee D. , Chen W.-A. , Huang T.-W. , Liu S.-J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis report studied, both experimentally and numerically, the factors affecting the warpage in in-mold decoration (IMD) injection molded parts. All experiments were conducted on an 80-ton injection-molding machine. The materials used in the experiments included poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and 30 % glass fiber-filled PET resins. U-shaped plate parts with three different angles (90°, 135°, and 150°) at the corners were molded. The influence of various processing parameters on part warpage was investigated using an experimental matrix, with its design based on the experimental-parameter-design method developed by Taguchi. The experimental results suggested that all molded parts warped toward the side of the decoration film. For the parameters selected in the experiments, the corner angle and the melt injection pressure were found to be the principal factors affecting the warpage of IMD injection molded parts. The 90° angled parts exhibited the greatest amount of warpage, while the 150° angled parts showed the least amount of warpage. Additionally, a commercially available code (Moldex®3-D) was used to simulate the temperature distribution during the filling process and the molded part warpage. Calculated warpage satisfactorily matched with the experimental data. It has been shown that the warpage of IMD injection molded parts is mainly caused by the imbalanced temperature distribution during cooling, due to the part geometry and the decoration films.
Development of a Non-uniform Heating System for Micro Hot Embossing
Authors: Yang C.-H. , Yang S.-Y. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In recent years, many replication methods of microstructures on large-area substrates have been reported. The plate-to-plate hot embossing process is a low cost, fast, high throughput and the most possibility of mass production method for replication of micro/nano structures with high precision and high quality. However, micro hot embossing is not practical to use in mass production due to the many difficulties. This paper reports a innovative non-uniform heating hot embossing system for fabrication of large-size, high precise and high brightness light guide plate. Steam is used as heating medium, and water of 12°C is used for cooling. The v-groove patterns in the stamper have been replicated to the light guide plates (LGPs) with an area of 488 mm by 277 mm. The experimental results show that the non-uniform heating system could achieve a transcription rate of over 99%, compared with 95% using conventional uniform heating system. Furthermore, less warpage, the less thickness variation, the higher average luminance and the higher brightness field distribution have been found. The results indicate that non-uniform heating system is likely to be a promising technique for the fabrication of optical elements.
Treatment of intramedullary tumors: analysis of surgical morbidity and long-term results
Authors: Klekamp Jörg 
Published: May 2013

Object
Surgery of intramedullary tumors is established as the treatment of choice for these challenging lesions. This study presents a detailed analysis of risk factors for surgical morbidity and data on long-term results for intramedullary tumors.

Methods
Among 1317 patients with tumors of the spinal canal treated between 1980 and 2012, 278 patients with intramedullary tumors are presented. A total of 225 of these patients underwent 246 operations for treatment of 250 tumors. The mean patient age was 41 ± 17 years (range 3 weeks to 83 years). Patients underwent follow-up through outpatient visits and questionnaires with a mean follow-up of 41 ± 53 months. Tumors were subdivided into 3 groups: displacing tumors (Type A, n = 162), infiltrating tumors (Type B, n = 80), and nonproliferating tumors (Type C, n = 8). A gross-total resection (GTR) was attempted for every tumor except for Type C lipomas. Participating surgeons were divided into 3 groups according to the number of operations they performed. Short-term results were determined for individual symptoms and the modified McCormick Scale, whereas tumor recurrence rates were calculated with Kaplan-Meier statistics.

Results
Overall, 83.3% of Type A tumors underwent GTR compared with 22.5% of Type B and none in Type C. Gross-total resection rates increased throughout the study period and correlated significantly with surgical experience. A worsened neurological state after surgery was seen in 61% of patients. This deterioration was transient in 41.5% and was a common observation after GTR. Permanent morbidity (19.5%) was lowest after GTR and correlated significantly with surgical experience and the preoperative neurological state. Further analysis showed that patients with tumors of thoracic levels, tumor hemorrhages, and malignant and recurrent tumors were at a higher risk for permanent morbidity. In the long term, tumor recurrence rates for ependymomas and benign astrocytomas correlated significantly with the amount of resection. Long-term morbidity affected 3.7% with a postoperative myelopathy related to cord tethering at the level of surgery and 21.9% in form of neuropathic pain syndromes. The rate of postsurgical cord tethering could be lowered significantly by using pia sutures after tumor resection. Neuropathic pain syndromes were more common after surgery for tumors with associated syringomyelia or those located in the cervical cord.

Conclusions
Intramedullary tumors should be surgically treated as soon as neurological symptoms appear. Gross-total resection is possible for the majority of benign pathologies. Cervical tumors are associated with higher GTR and lower permanent morbidity rates compared with thoracic tumors. Surgery on intramedullary tumors should be performed by neurosurgeons who deal with these lesions on a regular basis as considerable experience is required to achieve high GTR rates and to limit rates of permanent morbidity.
Benefit of cone-beam computed tomography angiography in acute management of angiographically undetectable ruptured arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Rahal Jason P. , Malek Adel M. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Ruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are a frequent cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In some cases, compression from the associated hematoma in the acute setting can partially or completely occlude an AVM, making it invisible on conventional angiography techniques. The authors report on the successful use of cone-beam CT angiography (CBCT-A) to precisely identify the underlying angioarchitecture of ruptured AVMs that are not visible on conventional angiography.

Methods
Three patients presented with ICH for which they underwent examination with CBCT-A in addition to digital subtraction angiography and other imaging modalities, including MR angiography and CT angiography. All patients underwent surgical evacuation due to mass effect from the hematoma. Clinical history, imaging studies, and surgical records were reviewed. Hematoma volumes were calculated.

Results
In all 3 cases, CBCT-A demonstrated detailed anatomy of an AVM where no lesion or just a suggestion of a draining vein had been seen with other imaging modalities. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated enhancement in 1 patient; CT angiography demonstrated a draining vein in 1 patient; 2D digital subtraction angiography and 3D rotational angiography demonstrated a suggestion of a draining vein in 2 cases and no finding in the third. In the 2 patients in whom CBCT-A was performed prior to surgery, the demonstrated AVM was successfully resected without evidence of a residual lesion. In the third patient, CBCT-A allowed precise targeting of the AVM nidus using Gamma Knife radiosurgery.

Conclusions
Cone-beam CT angiography should be considered in the evaluation and subsequent treatment of ICH due to ruptured AVMs. In cases in which the associated hematoma compresses the AVM nidus, CBCT-A can have higher sensitivity and anatomical accuracy than traditional angiographic modalities, including digital subtraction angiography.
Shunt infection in the first year of life
Authors: Kebriaei Meysam A. , Shoja Mohammadali M. , Salinas Steven M. , Falkenstrom Kristina L. , Sribnick Eric A. , Tubbs R. Shane , Reisner Andrew , Chern Joshua J. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Children younger than 1 year of age are unique in their physiology and comorbidities. Reports in the literature suggest that the risk factors for shunt infection may be different in this population compared with older children. Importantly, these infants often have other congenital malformations requiring various surgical interventions, which impose an additional risk of infection.

Methods
In the 3-year period between 2008 and 2010, 270 patients underwent initial CSF shunt placement during the 1st year of life. Clinical characteristics, hospital course, and shunt infections were prospectively recorded in the practice and hospital electronic medical record. Special attention was given to types and timing of other invasive procedures and their relationship with shunt infection.

Results
The average gestational age was 33.6 weeks, and the average birth weight was 2333 g. The average weight at the time of shunt insertion was 4281 g. Prior to shunt insertion, 120 patients underwent 148 surgical procedures, including ventricular access device insertion (n = 63), myelomeningocele closure (n = 37), and cardiac procedures (n = 11), among others. In the 12-month period after shunt insertion, 121 of the 270 patients underwent 135 surgical procedures, which included 79 CSF shunt revisions. Shunt infection occurred in 22 patients, and organisms were identified in 20 cases. Univariate analysis showed that of the very prematurely born infants (gestational age < 30 weeks), those who underwent preshunt cardiac surgery and any surgical procedures within 30 days after the shunt insertion were at a greater risk of shunt infection. In multivariate analysis, preshunt cardiac surgery and surgical procedures within 30 days postshunt placement were significant risk factors independent of gestational age, birth weight, and history of shunt revisions.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that surgical procedures within 30 days after shunt insertion and preshunt cardiac surgery are associated with a greater risk of shunt infection in children in whom these devices were inserted during the 1st year of life.
Measurements of sea-ice flexural stiffness by pressure characteristics of flexural-gravity waves
Authors: Marchenko Aleksey , Morozov Eugene , Muzylev Sergey 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA method to estimate the flexural stiffness and effective elastic modulus of floating ice is described and analysed. The method is based on the analysis of water pressure records at two or three locations below the bottom of floating ice when flexural-gravity waves propagate through the ice. The relative errors in the calculations of the ice flexural stiffness and the water depth are analysed. The method is tested using data from field measurements in Tempelfjorden, Svalbard, where flexural-gravity waves were excited by an icefall at the front of the outflow glacier Tunabreen in February 2011.
Formation of RADARSAT backscatter feature and undulating firn stratigraphy at an ice-stream margin
Authors: Ng Felix , King Edward C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOn RADARSAT imagery, the southern margin of the onset zone of Bindschadler Ice Stream, West Antarctica, manifests a multi-banded feature, with brightness varying across the bands and oscillating along each band. Ground-based radar profiles across the margin reveal folds in the firn stratigraphy associated with this pattern and provide evidence for correlation between the depth of shallow isochrones and the RADARSAT backscatter intensity on each profile, allowing us to interpret the banded feature for firn-layer geometry in three dimensions. We use a kinematic model of isochrone depth evolution to show how layer folding and the band expression may result from deformation and advection in the near-surface flow field at ice-stream margins, even with steady flow. The model predicts the formation of longitudinally patterned bands when the ice-stream acceleration fluctuates along flow. Concerted study of the planform and stratigraphy of other RADARSAT-detected features on the ice sheets may help us understand their origin.
Glia Maturation Factor-γ Negatively Modulates TLR4 Signaling by Facilitating TLR4 Endocytic Trafficking in Macrophages
Authors: Aerbajinai Wulin , Lee Kevin , Chin Kyung , Rodgers Griffin P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTLR4 signaling must be tightly regulated to provide both effective immune protection and avoid inflammation-induced pathology. Thus, the mechanisms that negatively regulate the TLR4-triggered inflammatory response are of particular importance. Glia maturation factor-γ (GMFG), a novel actin depolymerization factor/cofilin superfamily protein that is expressed in inflammatory cells, has been implicated in mediating neutrophil and T cell migration, but its function in macrophage immune response remains unclear. In the current study, the role of GMFG in the LPS-induced TLR4-signaling pathway was investigated in THP-1 macrophages and human primary macrophages. LPS stimulation of macrophages decreased GMFG mRNA and protein expression. We show that GMFG negatively regulates LPS-induced activation of NF-κB–, MAPK-, and IRF3-signaling pathways and subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFN in human macrophages. We found that endogenous GMFG localized within early and late endosomes. GMFG knockdown delayed LPS-induced TLR4 internalization and caused prolonged TLR4 retention at the early endosome, suggesting that TLR4 transport from early to late endosomes is interrupted, which may contribute to enhanced LPS-induced TLR4 signaling. Taken together, our findings suggest that GMFG functions as a negative regulator of TLR4 signaling by facilitating TLR4 endocytic trafficking in macrophages.
NK Cells in Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Poli Aurélie , Kmiecik Justyna , Domingues Olivia , Hentges François , Bléry Mathieu , Chekenya Martha , Boucraut José , Zimmer Jacques 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNK cells are important players in immunity against pathogens and neoplasms. As a component of the innate immune system, they are one of the first effectors on sites of inflammation. Through their cytokine production capacities, NK cells participate in the development of a potent adaptive immune response. Furthermore, NK cells were found to have regulatory functions to limit and prevent autoimmunity via killing of autologous immune cells. These paradoxical functions of NK cells are reflected in CNS disorders. In this review, we discuss the phenotypes and functional features of peripheral and brain NK cells in brain tumors and infections, neurodegenerative diseases, acute vascular and traumatic damage, as well as mental disorders. We also discuss the implication of NK cells in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection following CNS pathology, as well as the crosstalk between NK cells and brain-resident immune cells.
Soluble CD27-Pool in Humans May Contribute to T Cell Activation and Tumor Immunity
Authors: Huang Jianping , Jochems Caroline , Anderson Austin M. , Talaie Tara , Jales Alessandra , Madan Ravi A. , Hodge James W. , Tsang Kwong Y. , Liewehr David J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Gulley James L. , Schlom Jeffrey 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The interaction between CD27 and its ligand, CD70, has been implicated in regulating cellular immune responses to cancer. In this article, we report on the role of soluble CD27 (sCD27) in T cell activation and its elevation in the serum of cancer patients after immunotherapy. In vitro, sCD27 is preferentially derived from activated CD4+ T cells. Adding sCD27 to stimulated PBMCs increases T cell activation and proliferation, and is associated with the immunologic synapse-related proteins myosin IIA, high mobility group box 1, and the TCR Vβ-chain. The pool of serum sCD27 is shown to be greater in healthy donors than in cancer patients. However, metastatic cancer patients treated with immunotherapy showed a significant increase in the serum sCD27-pool posttherapy (p &lt; 0.0005); there was also an increased trend toward an association between enhanced sCD27-pool posttherapy and overall survival (p = 0.022). The identification of sCD27 as an immune modulator associated with enhanced human T cell activation in vitro and in vivo provides a rationale for developing new immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing sCD27 for treating cancer and potentially other diseases.
Control of Chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by CD4 KLRG1− IL-2–Secreting Central Memory Cells
Authors: Lindenstrøm Thomas , Knudsen Niels Peter Hell , Agger Else Marie , Andersen Peter 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccine provides very efficient protection in standard animal models of Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. We show in this article that although bacille Calmette–Guérin controlled M. tuberculosis growth for 7 wk of infection, the protection was gradually lost as the infection entered the chronic phase. The regrowth of M. tuberculosis coincided with an almost complete disappearance of IL-2–producing CD4 T cells. Booster vaccination with a subunit vaccine (Ag85B-ESAT-6+CAF01) expanded IL-2+ CD4+ T cell coexpressing either TNF-α or TNF-α/IFN-γ, and the maintenance of this population in the late stage of infection was associated with enhanced control of bacterial growth. The IL-2+ CD4+ T cell subsets were KLRG1− (nonterminally differentiated), were found to be CD62Lhigh, and further maintained a pronounced proliferative and cytokine-producing potential in the draining lymph nodes, when the animals were challenged 2 y postvaccination. These results suggest that the CD4+ KLRG1− IL-2–secreting subsets are central memory T cells with the potential to continuously replenish the T cells at the site of infection and prevent attrition and functional exhaustion.
Nematodes of the small intestine of African buffaloes, <i>Syncerus caffer</i>, in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Authors: Taylor William A. , Skinner John D. , Boomker Joop 
Published: May 2013

The abundance and distribution of parasitic helminths in populations of African buffaloes, Syncerus caffer, have not been well documented. A total of 28 buffaloes of different ages and sexeswere sampled in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, for nematodes of the small intestine. Three nematode species were identified, namely Cooperia fuelleborni, Cooperia hungi and Trichostrongylus deflexus, with C. hungi being a new country record for African buffalo in South Africa. The overall prevalence was 71%and the average number of worms was 2346 (range: 0–15 980). This is a small burden for such a large mammal. Sex, age and body condition of the buffaloes had no significant effect on worm occurrence.
Estatus grupal, discriminación, y adaptación en inmigrantes latinoamericanos y africanos en España
Authors: Basabe Nekane , Bobowik Magdalena 
Published: May 2013

Partiendo de las teorías de la identidad social, este trabajo estudia el papel moderador de la percepción del estatus grupal entre la etnicidad y el ajuste psicosocial o la discriminación. Se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra cuasi-aleatoria a los dos principales grupos de inmigrantes en el País Vasco: latinoamericanos y africanos. Conforme a las hipótesis planteadas, las diferencias entre inmigrantes latinoamericanos y africanos en la adaptación fueron moderadas por las percepciones acerca de las relaciones entre mayoría y minorías, específicamente, por la legitimidad y la estabilidad de las diferencias de estatus, el resentimiento fraternal y la eficacia grupal. Los africanos mostraron un perfil social más vulnerable que los latinoamericanos.
The dynamics of Web-based social networks: Membership, relationships, and change
Authors: Golbeck Jennifer 
Published: May 2013

Social networks on the Web are growing dramatically in size and number. The huge popularity of sites like MySpace, Facebook, and others has drawn in hundreds of millions of users, and the attention of scientists and the media. The public accessibility of Web&#150;based social networks offers great promise for researchers interested in studying the behavior of users and how to integrate social information into
applications. However, to do that effectively, it is necessary to understand how networks grow and change. Over a two&#150;year period we have collected data on every social network we could identify, and we also gathered daily information on thirteen networks over a 47&#150;day period. In this article, we present the first comprehensive survey of Web&#150;based social networks, followed by an analysis of membership and relationship dynamics within them. From our analysis of these data, we present several conclusions on how users behave in social networks, and what network features correlate with that behavior.
Prevention of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Infections in Saudi Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: The Emergence of High-Level Mupirocin Resistance
Authors: Al-Hwiesh Abdullah K. , Abdul-Rahman Ibrahiem Saeed , Al-Sulaiman Mohammed Hamad , Al-Jondebi Mohammed Shami , Divino-Filho Jose Carolino , Al-Muhanna Fahd Abdulaziz 
Published: May 2013

Purpose Exit-site infection (ESI) and peritonitis remain the major causes of morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study compared the effectiveness of local mupirocin ointment and gentamicin cream in preventing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections in PD patients. Methods Patients from two centers (n = 203) were assigned to daily mupirocin ointment or gentamicin cream application. Infections were tracked prospectively by organisms and expressed as episodes per patient-year for both ESI and peritonitis. Results The rate of gram-positive ESI was 0.31/episode/patient-year and 0.22 episodes/patient-year (p<0.05), whereas the rate of gram-negative ESI was 0.28 episode/patient-year and 0.11 episode/patient-year (p<0.01) in the mupirocin group and gentamicin group, respectively. Gram-positive ESI occurred in 17.1% vs 10.2% of patients (p<0.05), whereas 20% of and 5.1% of patients (p<0.001) had gram-negative ESI in the 2 groups respectively. S.aureus was cultured at exit-site in the mupirocin group in 27.8% patients, 60% (16.7% of the total Gram-positive isolates) of them being with high-level mupirocin-resistance. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured in 21.8% of ESI in the mupirocin group, and in only 6.7% in the gentamicin group (p<0.01). Peritonitis rates were lower using gentamicin cream, 0.17 episode/patient-year compared with mupirocin, 0.39 episode/patient-year (p<0.01). With multivariate analysis, only gentamicin exit-site use was a significant predictor for lower catheter infection rate. Conclusion Prolonged use of mupirocin for ESI-prophylaxis is associated with the emergence of mupirocin-resistant S. aureus. Gentamicin cream is superior to mupirocin ointment in the prevention of PD catheter infections.