bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition of the most potent greenhouse gas (GHG) sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma
Authors: Zhuang Quan , Clements Bruce , McFarlan Andrew , Fasoyinu Yemi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA DBD method has been developed to decompose sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) nearly 100% under conditions close to the exhaust gas in industries with energy efficiency of 0.015–0.15 GJ/ton carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent, 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than CO2 capture and sequestration from power generation boilers. A typical test condition was SF6: 820 ppm; CO2/air: 50/50; gas flow rate: 623 mL/m at 25°C; AC voltage: 17–23 kV p–p; AC frequency: 7 kHz. The success of this project was due to the development of highly effective star‐shaped discharge elements and an improved design of the DBD system, that is mode of applying voltage, the physical aspects of the reactor.
Incidence and pattern of second primary malignancies in patients with index oropharyngeal cancers versus index nonoropharyngeal head and neck cancers
Authors: Gan Samuel J. , Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Peck Brandon W. , Caywood Wes , Li Guojun , Wei Qingyi , Zafereo Mark E. , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDA recent review of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry suggested that patients with index squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx (SCCOP) are less likely to develop second primary malignancies (SPM) than patients with index SCC of nonoropharyngeal sites (oral cavity, larynx, hypopharynx). The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of index primary tumor site on SPM risk and to explore factors that potentially affect this risk within a large, prospectively accrued cohort of patients with index SCC of the head and neck (SCCHN).METHODSA cohort of 2230 patients with incident SCCHN was reviewed for development of SPM. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, log‐rank testing, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to detect the impact of various factors, including index tumor site, on SPM risk.RESULTSThe SPM rate was lower for patients with index SCCOP than for patients with index nonoropharyngeal cancer (P < .001). Among patients with SCCOP, former smokers had a 50% greater risk of SPM, and current smokers had a 100% greater risk of SPM than never‐smokers (Ptrend = .008). Also among patients with SCCOP, those with the classic SCCHN phenotype had an SPM risk similar to that of patients with index nonoropharyngeal cancers; those with a typical human papillomavirus phenotype had a very low SPM risk. SPM most commonly occurred at nontobacco‐related sites in patients with index SCCOP and at tobacco‐related sites in patients with index nonoropharyngeal cancers.CONCLUSIONSIn patients with SCCHN, index cancer site and smoking status affect the risk and distribution of SPM. Cancer 2013;119:2593–2601. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Axitinib and/or bevacizumab with modified FOLFOX‐6 as first‐line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: A randomized phase 2 study
Authors: Infante Jeffrey R. , Reid Tony R. , Cohn Allen L. , Edenfield William J. , Cescon Terrence P. , Hamm John T. , Malik Imtiaz A. , Rado Thomas A. , McGee Philip J. , Richards Donald A. , Tarazi Jamal , Rosbrook Brad , Kim Sinil , Cartwright Thomas H. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDIn this multicenter, open‐label, randomized phase 2 trial, the authors evaluated the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor axitinib, bevacizumab, or both in combination with chemotherapy as first‐line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).METHODSPatients with previously untreated mCRC were randomized 1:1:1 to receive continuous axitinib 5 mg twice daily, bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks, or axitinib 5 mg twice daily plus bevacizumab 2 mg/kg every 2 weeks, each in combination with modified 5‐fluorouracil/leucovorin/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX‐6). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR).RESULTSIn all, 126 patients were enrolled from August 2007 to September 2008. The ORR was numerically inferior in the axitinib arm (n = 42) versus the bevacizumab arm (n = 43; 28.6% vs 48.8%; 1‐sided P = .97). Progression‐free survival (PFS) (11.0 months vs 15.9 months; 1‐sided P = .57) and overall survival (OS) (18.1 months vs 21.6 months; 1‐sided P = .69) also were numerically inferior in the axitinib arm. Similarly, efficacy endpoints for the axitinib/bevacizumab arm (n = 41) were numerically inferior (ORR, 39%; PFS, 12.5 months; OS, 19.7 months). The patients who received axitinib had fewer treatment cycles compared with other arms. Common all‐grade adverse events across all 3 treatment arms were fatigue, diarrhea, and nausea (all ≥49%). Hypertension and headache were more frequent in the patients who received axitinib. Patients in the bevacizumab arm had the longest treatment exposures and the highest rates of peripheral neuropathy.CONCLUSIONSNeither the addition of continuous axitinib nor the axitinib/bevacizumab combination to FOLFOX‐6 improved ORR, PFS, or OS compared with bevacizumab as first‐line treatment of mCRC. Cancer 2013;119:2555–2563. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Assessment of cardiac stroke volume in patients with implanted cardiac pacemaker using parametric electrical impedance tomography: A theoretical 2D study
Authors: Mhajna Muhammad , Abboud Shimon 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe present theoretical study examines the ability to estimate cardiac stroke volume (CSV) in patients with implanted cardiac pacemaker using parametric electrical impedance tomography (pEIT) in a 2D computerized model of the thorax. CSV is a direct indicator of the cardiac pumping efficiency. The commonly used methods for measuring CSV require the invasive procedure of right heart catheterization or use expensive imaging techniques (i.e., MRI). Hence, experience with these techniques for diagnosis and monitoring has been limited to hospitalized patients. In the present study, pEIT scheme was applied in a computerized 2D model of the human thorax with implanted cardiac device to determine the left ventricular (LV) volume at different cardiac cycle phases. The LV was simulated as a prolate ellipse with its axes’ lengths as the reconstruction parameters while all other geometries and conductivity values remained constant. An optimization was carried out in order to ensure that the ellipse is the appropriate model for the LV at each cardiac cycle phase. LV volumes calculated by both the pEIT algorithm and the ellipsoid model are consistent. A high correlation (ρ = 0.99) between the true and reconstructed volumes was found. The SV calculation error was ∼1%. The results suggest that the LV volume can be estimated using the pEIT method in a 2D computerized model, and that the method has the potential to be used for monitoring patients with implanted cardiac pacemaker. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Dynamic Range Measurement with Arrayed Frequency Converter
Authors: Fuse Masaaki , Sekiya Hitoshi , Uchino Masaharu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWhen measuring multicarrier communication systems such as an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or UWB wireless signal, there is a problem that the effective measuring dynamic range of the measuring instrument may be reduced, since the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the measured signal is significantly high. In order to solve this problem, we propose a technique that maintains the measuring dynamic range by dividing the measured signal into multiple bandwidths to decrease the measured signal power. We made a prototype of the measuring equipment, confirmed the operation of the algorithm, and verified the effectiveness of dynamic range improvement is 5 to 8 dB in relation to a conventional circuit. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(2): 28–35, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22367
A Muscle Motion Solenoid Actuator
Authors: Obata Shuji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIt is one of our dreams to mechanically recover lost body capabilities for damaged humans. Realistic humanoid robots composed of such machines require muscle motion actuators controlled by all pulling actions. In particular, antagonistic pairs of bi‐articular muscles are very important in animal motions. A system of actuators is proposed using the electromagnetic force of solenoids with a stroke length of over 10 cm and a strength of about 20 N, which are needed to move the real human arm. The devised actuators are based on the development of recent modern electromagnetic materials, where traditional materials cannot give such a possibility. Composite actuators are controlled by a high‐capability computer and software to perform genuine motions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(2): 10–19, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22369
Constructing a Series of Azide‐Bridged CuII Magnetic Low‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers by using Pybox Ligands
Authors: Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Cui Chang , Li Ning , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFour azide–copper coordination polymers, [Cu2L1(N3)4]n, [Cu2L2(N3)4]n, [Cu2L3R(N3)4]n, and [Cu2L3S(N3)4]n, were synthesized by using pybox [pyridine‐2,6‐bis(oxazolines)] as coligands {L1: 2,6‐bis(4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl)pyridine; L2: 2,6‐bis(5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,3‐oxazin‐2‐yl)pyridine; L3R or 3S: 2,6‐bis[(R or S)‐4‐benzyl‐4,5‐dihydrooxazol‐2‐yl]pyridine}. Compounds 1 and 2 possess similar 1D infinite azide–copper hexagonal tapes with three types of N3 bridges (two single end‐on N3 bridges and one double end‐on N3 bridge). Compounds 3R and 3S possess an azide–copper 2D honeycomb layer with two types of N3 bridges (a single end‐to‐end N3 bridge and a double end‐on N3 bridge). The chirality of these enantiopure layered structures is controlled by the addition of the chiral pybox ligand in the synthesis, which is very rare for the reported azide–copper coordination polymers. The double end‐on N3 bridge transfers mainly ferromagnetic exchange coupling interactions in these four compounds. Owing to the steric hindrance of the pybox ligands, the interchain and interlayer separations are broadened, which weakens the magnetic interactions between them. Thus, no long‐range ferromagnetic ordering was observed above 1.8 K. A magnetostructural correlation was also discussed in detail.
Bisannulation of 2,3‐Dichloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with o‐Nitrophenylacetic Acid Derivatives: A Succinct Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Alpkinidine
Authors: Buccini Marco , Jeow Shi Yuan , Byrne Lindsay , Skelton Brian W. , Nguyen Tuan Minh , Chai Christina L. L. , Piggott Matthew J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree bisannulation strategies have been used to rapidly construct pentacyclic benzo‐fused pyrrolo[4,3,2‐mn]acridines, similar to several biologically active natural products. The key steps involve Michael substitution of 2,3‐dichloro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone with o‐nitrophenylacetic acid derivatives, followed by domino amino‐Michael substitutions/cyclisations. The most efficient of these syntheses provided a model compound (1) including the ABCD ring‐system of alpkinidine, in just three steps and 55 % overall yield.
Verification and validation of a seismic response analysis code for framed structures using the ASI‐Gauss technique
Authors: Isobe Daigoro , Han Won Sang , Miyamura Tomoshi 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn this report, the capabilities of the adaptively shifted integration (ASI)‐Gauss code in the analysis of the seismic responses of framed structures are verified and validated by comparing the results with detailed numerical simulations performed by the parallel finite element analysis code, E‐Simulator, and with experimental results obtained by E‐Defense. The numerical results obtained by both codes showed good agreement with the experimental results obtained by E‐Defense. Furthermore, seismic waves with unnaturally large magnitudes are applied to a high‐rise building model to demonstrate the ability of the ASI‐Gauss code to analyze the collapse behaviors of building frames. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of fish embryo toxicity tests for the prediction of acute fish toxicity to chemicals
Authors: Belanger Scott E. , Rawlings Jane M. , Carr Gregory J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The fish embryo test (FET) is a potential animal alternative for the acute fish toxicity (AFT) test. A comprehensive validation program assessed 20 different chemicals to understand intra- and interlaboratory variability for the FET. The FET had sufficient reproducibility across a range of potencies and modes of action. In the present study, the suitability of the FET as an alternative model is reviewed by relating FET and AFT. In total, 985 FET studies and 1531 AFT studies were summarized. The authors performed FET–AFT regressions to understand potential relationships based on physical–chemical properties, species choices, duration of exposure, chemical classes, chemical functional uses, and modes of action. The FET–AFT relationships are very robust (slopes near 1.0, intercepts near 0) across 9 orders of magnitude in potency. A recommendation for the predictive regression relationship is based on 96-h FET and AFT data: log FET median lethal concentration (LC50) = (0.989 × log fish LC50) − 0.195; n = 72 chemicals, r = 0.95, p &lt; 0.001, LC50 in mg/L. A similar, not statistically different regression was developed for the entire data set (n = 144 chemicals, unreliable studies deleted). The FET–AFT regressions were robust for major chemical classes with suitably large data sets. Furthermore, regressions were similar to those for large groups of functional chemical categories such as pesticides, surfactants, and industrial organics. Pharmaceutical regressions (n = 8 studies only) were directionally correct. The FET–AFT relationships were not quantitatively different from acute fish–acute fish toxicity relationships with the following species: fathead minnow, rainbow trout, bluegill sunfish, Japanese medaka, and zebrafish. The FET is scientifically supportable as a rational animal alternative model for ecotoxicological testing of acute toxicity of chemicals to fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1768–1783. © 2013 SETAC
The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on oxidative stress and innate immune response in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Xu Hai , Yang Ming , Qiu Wenhui , Pan Chenyuan , Wu Minghong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) are well known endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and are an ecotoxicological risk for the health of aquatic organisms. Limited attention has been given to the immunotoxicity of these chemicals. The present study revealed a concentration-dependent increase of reactive oxygen species content and an induced expression of redox-sensitive transcription factors in zebrafish embryos after exposure to various concentrations of BPA, NP, and BPA/NP mixture for 4 h to 168 h postfertilization. Transcription of genes related to the immune response, including IFNγ, IL1β, IL10, Mx, TNFα, CC-chemokine, and CXCL-clc, were significantly up-regulated on exposure to EDCs. A significant induction of concentrations of proinflammatory mediator, nitric oxide, accompanied by an increase in the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and an upregulation of inducible NOS gene expression, was detected in zebrafish embryos on exposures to EDCs. To elucidate the potential mechanisms by which BPA and NP activate the innate immune response, expression profiles of genes related to the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway were examined. Expressions of TLR3, TRIF, MyD88, SARM, IRAK4, and TRAF6 were altered on exposure to EDCs. The authors' results demonstrate that exposure to BPA and NP significantly affects the expression of genes related to immune response in zebrafish embryos following oxidative stress. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1793–1799. © 2013 SETAC
Developing a large‐scale water‐balance approach to seasonal forecasting: application to the 2012 drought in Britain
Authors: Bell V. A. , Davies H. N. , Kay A. L. , Marsh T. J. , Brookshaw A. , Jenkins A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSeasonal hydrological forecasts, or outlooks, can potentially provide water managers with estimates of river flows and water resources for a lead time of several months ahead. An experimental modelling tool for national hydrological outlooks has been developed which combines a hydrological model estimate of sub‐surface water storage across Britain with a range of seasonal rainfall forecasts to provide estimates of area‐wide hydrological conditions up to a few months ahead. The link is made between a deficit in sub‐surface water storage and a requirement for additional rainfall over subsequent months to enable sub‐surface water storage and river flow to return to mean monthly values. The new scheme is assessed over a recent period which includes the termination of the drought that affected much of Britain in the first few months of 2012. An illustration is provided of its use to obtain return‐period estimates of the ‘rainfall required’ to ease drought conditions; these are well in excess of 200 years for several regions of the country, for termination within a month of 1 April 2012, and still exceed 40 years for termination within three months. National maps of sub‐surface water storage anomaly show for the first time the current spatial variability of drought severity. They can also be used to provide an indication of how a drought situation might develop in the next few months given a range of possible future rainfall scenarios. © 2013 CEH/Crown and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rain‐on‐snow runoff events in New York
Authors: Pradhanang Soni M. , Frei Allan , Zion Mark , Schneiderman Elliot M. , Steenhuis Tammo S. , Pierson Donald 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRain‐on‐snow (ROS) runoff events are important hydro‐meteorological phenomenon due to their association with flooding. The severity of ROS runoff events depends on the magnitude of the precipitation, air temperature elevation, snow water equivalent (SWE), and areal extent of the antecedent snowpack. Examining the consequences of these factors acting together creates challenges for both flood prediction and flood risk assessments. This study provides information on the spatial patterns, and seasonality of ROS events in New York. We examine the spatial and temporal variability of ROS events for water years 2004 to 2012 from SNOw Data Assimilation System products for New York. Liquid and solid precipitation, snow depth, snowmelt, SWE, maximum and minimum temperature, hydrograph characteristics, and annual peak flow are examined. There is significant positive correlation of ROS days and ROS triggered events with elevation and negative correlation of these events with increasing air temperature. Our study shows that ROS events are dominant in high elevation areas of Adirondack and Catskill regions, and their distribution varies with month. Cumulative runoffs from ROS events are generally greater than the rain‐only runoff events. The majorities of annual peak flows in the study watersheds are the results of ROS events and lasted from a few days to many weeks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groups of Companies in Insolvency: A German Perspective
Authors: Siemon Klaus , Frind Frank 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBased on an analysis concerning the disadvantages of the previous understanding of handling groups of companies by means of consolidation of jurisdiction, the following article illustrates the basic idea of group‐specialized proceedings (konzernspezifisches Sachwalterverfahren), avoiding ‘domino effects’ and thereby unnecessary insolvencies of profitable subsidiaries and preserving the assets of these parts of the group to a greater extent than an insolvency situation can. Copyright © 2013 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Study on the Interaction Mechanism of 2‐Aminoanthraquinone with Calf Thymus DNA
Authors: Yang Hongxu , Song Wei , Jing Mingyang , Liu Rutao 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBy utilizing multispectrosopic techniques, the toxic interaction of 2‐aminoanthraquinone (2‐AAQ) with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ctDNA) was investigated in vitro under simulated physiological conditions. The experimental results proved that 2‐AAQ has a toxic interaction with ctDNA. The binding capacity of DNA with 2‐AAQ is diminishing as the pH value of system increasing in the optimization of experimental condition. Moreover we selected pH 7.4, which is nearly physiological condition to enhance the practical significance. According to the Stern–Volmer equation, the quenching was the static quenching process. And the quenching constant can be derived from the fluorescence quenching spectrogram. Ultraviolet absorption spectra and the change in the fluorescence intensity at different ionic strengths further indicated that there was electrostatic binding between 2‐AAQ and ctDNA. The circular dichroism experiment showed that the DNA conformation varied from B to A conformation. The basic group enhanced after 2‐AAQ embedding. The double helix is more compact, and the DNA conformation changes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:272‐278, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21487
Inhibitory effects of sulfide on nitrifying biomass in the anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic wastewater treatment process
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Xing Can , An Ying , Hu Dalong , Qiao Weimin , Wang Luochun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDLong pipeline transportation of wastewater usually generates high concentration of sulfide; however, information on nitrification inhibition by sulfide in the anaerobic–anoxic–aerobic (AAO) process is still scarce. This study focused on how sulfide could inhibit nitrification activity in the AAO process, and the inhibitory effect of initial sulfide concentration and anaerobic exposure time on the behavior of nitrifying biomass.RESULTSThe net maximum specific growth rate (μAUT‐bAUT) was, respectively, 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.31 ± 0.03 d−1 at 15 and 20°C in a full‐scale AAO wastewater treatment plant for long‐pipeline transported wastewater. The μAUT‐bAUT was not affected by 6.2 mg L−1 sulfide under aerated condition, but reduced by 75.9% after unaerated exposure for 0.5 h. The first‐order kinetic constant of sulfide inhibition under anaerobic conditions was 0.658 h−1, and half maximal inhibition concentration of sulfide on nitrification was 36.0 and 10.0 mg L−1 after 1.0 h and 1.5 h anaerobic exposure, respectively.CONCLUSIONNitrifying biomass was sensitive to the presence of sulfide under anaerobic conditions. The inhibitory reaction of sulfide on nitrifying biomass under anaerobic conditions conformed to the first‐order kinetic reaction, while the effect of initial sulfide concentration on nitrification inhibition matched the modified Monod model. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry