bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of an FDM positioning system and application of an error‐cost multiobjective optimization approach
Authors: Wesley Machado Cunico Marlon , de Carvalho Jonas 
Published: July 2013

PurposeAs a result of the increased number of applications for additive manufacturing technologies and in addition to the demand for parts produced with high accuracy and better quality, the need for the improvement of positioning and precision equipment in manufacturing has become evident. To address this needed improvement, the main goal of this work is to provide a systematic approach for designing additive manufacturing machines, allowing the identification of the relationship between estimated errors and the cost of equipment. In the same way, this study also intends to indicate a suitable configuration of a machine as a function of final accuracy and total equipment cost.Design/methodology/approachTo identify the suitable elements of the machine, a numerical model that estimates the final error and relative cost of equipment as a function of cost and tolerance of the machine elements was constructed and evaluated. After evaluating this model by comparing it with first‐generation fused deposition modelling (FDM) machines, an optimisation study was performed that focused on the minimisation of both the total cost and final equipment error. The optimisation problem was defined in accordance with the goal attainment method, which allowed identification of the Pareto optimum of the study. The optimisation results were then compared with current equipment concepts, and possible improvements and restrictions of the optimised concept were described.FindingsWith regard to the evaluation of the numerical model of final error, the general error in the x‐ and y‐direction was observed to have a deviation of 2 μm, while the numerical error in the z‐direction was found to be inferior to that of currently used equipment. The optimisation study also allowed the identification of the machine elements that provide the minimal error and cost for the equipment, identifying an optimal Pareto of the system. In such an optimal case, the average of the final errors for the balanced solution (in which the objective functions have equal importance) was found to be 141 μm. In addition, the cost of this solution was 1.57 times higher than the cheapest solution found. Finally, a comparison between the configuration of commercial FDM machines and the optimum values was found, highlighting the main points that would possibly provide an improvement to the current concepts and an increase in equipment profitability.Originality/valueDespite the growth of additive manufacturing development, there are still several challenges to overcome to increase the accuracy of the final parts, such as the reduction of mechanical errors. However, in addition to the complexity of this subject, the cost of equipment restricts the development of new solutions. As a result, a systematic approach to identify a suitable configuration of each machine in accordance with the optimal accuracy and cost of equipment is needed.
Manufacturing of patient‐specific optically accessible airway models by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Vermeulen Mathias , Claessens Tom , Van Der Smissen Benjamin , Van Holsbeke Cedric S. , De Backer Jan W. , Van Ransbeeck Peter , Verdonck Pascal 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use rapid prototyping technology, in this case fused deposition modeling (FDM), to manufacture 2D and 3D particle image velocimetry (PIV) compatible patient‐specific airway models.Design/methodology/approachThis research has been performed through a case study where patient‐specific airway geometry was used to manufacture a PIV compatible model. The sacrificial kernel of the airways was printed in waterworks™ which is a support material used by Stratasys Maxum FDM devices. Transparent silicone with known refractive index was vacuum casted around the kernel and after curing out, the kernel was removed by washing out in sodium hydroxide.FindingsThe resulting PIV model was tested in an experimental PIV setup to check the PIV compatibility. The results showed that the model performs quite well when the refractive index (RI) of the silicone and the fluid are matched.Research limitations/implicationsDrawbacks such as the surface roughness, due to the size of the printing layers, and the yellowing of the silicone, due to the wash out of the kernel, need to be overcome.Originality/valueThe paper presents the manufacturing process for making complex thick walled patient‐specific PIV models starting from a strong workable sacrificial kernel. This removable kernel is obtained by switching the building and the support materials of the FDM machine. In this way, the kernel was printed in support material while the building material was used to support the kernel during printing. The model was tested in a PIV setup and the results show that the airway model is suitable for performing particle image velocimetry.
The Changing Nature of Border, Scale and the Production of Hong Kong's Water Supply System since 1959
Authors: Lee Nelson K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article investigates the making of Hong Kong's water supply system since 1959. It starts by assessing the perspectives provided by the regime approach and the political ecology literatures. The case of Hong Kong brings in ideas from border studies and draws attention to the changing nature of the border to explain socio‐ecological and scaling interactions. The case study maps the border relationship between China and Hong Kong (and Britain), and the political tussle between them over the control of water supply to the city in the late colonial period 1959–78, which resulted in the creation of a localized self‐sufficient water supply system in Hong Kong, and the consolidation of Hong Kong's scale as a colonial city‐state under British rule. It further explicates the change in the nature of the political border since 1979, and the processes by which Hong Kong abandoned attempts to strengthen its local supply, becoming dependent on supply from the regional Dongjiang water networks, as well as the transformation of its scale to become a subordinate of the larger political unit in subsequent years.
Gentrifier? Who, Me? Interrogating the Gentrifier in the Mirror
Authors: Schlichtman John Joe , Patch Jason 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSchlichtman and Patch suggest that there is an elephant sitting in the academic corner: while urbanists often use ‘gentrification’ as a pejorative term in formal and informal academic conversation, many urbanists are gentrifiers themselves. Even though urbanists have this firsthand experience with the process, this familiarity makes little impact on scholarly debate. There is, Schlichtman and Patch argue, an artificial distance in accounts of gentrification because researchers have not adequately examined their own relationship to the process. Utilizing a simple diagnostic tool that includes ten common aspects of gentrification, they compose two autoethnographic memoirs to begin this dialogue.
Trends in the cost of a healthy food basket and fruit and vegetable availability in New South Wales, Australia, between 2006 and 2009
Authors: Chapman Kathryn , Kelly Bridget , Bauman Adrian , Innes‐Hughes Christine , Allman‐Farinelli Margaret 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo compare food costs and variety of fresh fruits and vegetables (F&V) available at three time points in December 2006, December 2008 and July 2009.MethodsData on the cost of a 44‐item food basket across the main food groups including fresh and packaged foods were collected in 2006 (149 stores), 2008 (105 stores) and 2009 (129 stores). In addition, the number of varieties of 30 different fresh F&V was surveyed. Stores included the two major supermarket chains and smaller grocery chains using a convenience sample in NSW. The effects of rural/regional differences, socioeconomic differences, and store competition on cost and variety were assessed.ResultsThe mean price of the food basket increased by 3.4% between December 2006 and 2008 and was lowest in July 2009, decreasing by 6.2% from December 2006. Variation between the cheapest and most expensive individual stores resulted in a $221 price difference in 2009, $148 in 2008 and $182 in 2006. Total food and F&V costs were more expensive in remote areas compared with highly accessible areas. The number of F&V varieties was influenced by increasing remoteness, low socioeconomic area and supermarket competition.ConclusionsThere was considerable variability in food costs by geographic areas and availability of fresh F&V also varied in both geographic and socio‐demographic areas. Monitoring of food costs may help reduce price variability, enabling identification of areas where the cost of food is disproportionately high.
Nutritional management of anorexia nervosa in children and adolescent inpatients: The current practice of Australian dietitians
Authors: Rocks Tetyana , Pelly Fiona , Wilkinson Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo describe the reported practices of Australian dietitians in the nutritional management of anorexia nervosa (AN) in children and adolescent inpatients.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of dietitians working in inpatient facilities was conducted in July–September 2012 using an eight‐part questionnaire with single‐, multi‐, open‐ended and Likert scale style questions.ResultsSeventeen dietitians from 15 facilities participated in the survey. Recommendations for energy intake at the initiation of treatment varied and were dependent on physiological needs of the inpatient. Ongoing energy requirements were commonly based on individual needs, with interim weight measurements used to determine progress. High‐energy supplements and nasogastric feeds were used as an adjunct to food to meet energy needs. The combination of prescribed vitamin and mineral supplements differed between facilities; however, multivitamins, thiamine and phosphate were used more frequently than others. Most participants (94%) reported that the current evidence for the nutritional treatment of children and adolescent inpatients with AN was insufficient or only somewhat sufficient to guide practice. The need for further research to establish the best practice approach for the treatment of AN was expressed.ConclusionThe nutritional management of inpatient children and adolescents with AN as reported by dietitians varied, congruent with the lack of current evidence in the literature. Evaluation of existing protocols and comparative multicentre investigations are needed to inform the development of evidence‐based guidelines and ensure best practice by dietitians and other practitioners working in this field.
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine and Primary Ovarian Failure: Another Facet of the Autoimmune/Inflammatory Syndrome Induced by Adjuvants
Authors: Colafrancesco Serena , Perricone Carlo , Tomljenovic Lucija , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: July 2013

ProblemPost‐vaccination autoimmune phenomena are a major facet of the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) and different vaccines, including HPV, have been identified as possible causes.Method of studyThe medical history of three young women who presented with secondary amenorrhea following HPV vaccination was collected. Data regarding type of vaccine, number of vaccination, personal, clinical and serological features, as well as response to treatments were analyzed.ResultsAll three patients developed secondary amenorrhea following HPV vaccinations, which did not resolve upon treatment with hormone replacement therapies. In all three cases sexual development was normal and genetic screen revealed no pertinent abnormalities (i.e., Turner's syndrome, Fragile X test were all negative). Serological evaluations showed low levels of estradiol and increased FSH and LH and in two cases, specific auto‐antibodies were detected (antiovarian and anti thyroid), suggesting that the HPV vaccine triggered an autoimmune response. Pelvic ultrasound did not reveal any abnormalities in any of the three cases. All three patients experienced a range of common non‐specific post‐vaccine symptoms including nausea, headache, sleep disturbances, arthralgia and a range of cognitive and psychiatric disturbances. According to these clinical features, a diagnosis of primary ovarian failure (POF) was determined which also fulfilled the required criteria for the ASIA syndrome.ConclusionWe documented here the evidence of the potential of the HPV vaccine to trigger a life‐disabling autoimmune condition. The increasing number of similar reports of post HPV vaccine‐linked autoimmunity and the uncertainty of long‐term clinical benefits of HPV vaccination are a matter of public health that warrants further rigorous inquiry.
Comparison on the vision‐related quality of life between outpatients and general population with dry eye syndrome
Authors: Le Qihua , Ge Ling , Li Meiyan , Wu Liangcheng , Xu Jianjiang , Hong Jiaxu , Gong Lan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the impact of dry eye syndrome (DES) on vision‐related quality of life (VR‐QoL) between outpatients and general populations.Methods:  This cross‐sectional comparative study enrolled 154 participants, 77 outpatients and 77 general participants, all of whom met the diagnostic criteria of DES. Apart from the collection of sociodemographic and clinical data, the Chinese version of 25‐item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ‐25) and Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI) were administered. Main outcome measures include the comparison on the OSDI score and VFQ‐25 score between two groups, and their correlation with sociodemographic and clinical data.Results:  The two groups were comparable concerning sociodemographic parameters except that the outpatients were better educated (χ2 = 18.609, p < 0.001). The ophthalmic data related with DES did not have statistically significant differences between two groups except that the proportion of subjects with positive corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) was higher in outpatients (χ2 = 21.296, p < 0.001). The outpatients reported significantly higher OSDI scores and lower VFQ‐25 scores. The VFQ‐25 composite score had negative correlation with the OSDI score of all participants or that of outpatients solely (ρ = −0.247 and −0.397, p = 0.030 and 0.000, respectively). Among outpatients, the value of Schirmer test (ST), tear film breakup time (TBUT) and CFS in the eyes with worse DES had significant correlations with the OSDI overall scores, while TBUT and CFS of both eyes correlated with the VFQ‐25 composite score.Conclusions:  DES exerts more adverse impact on VR‐QoL in outpatients than general patients. The impairment of VR‐QoL has a significant correlation with the severity of DES.
Inhibition of sodium‐linked glucose reabsorption normalizes diabetes‐induced glomerular hyperfiltration in conscious adenosine A1‐receptor deficient mice
Authors: Sällström J. , Eriksson T. , Fredholm B. B. , Persson A. E. G. , Palm F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimGlomerular hyperfiltration is commonly observed in diabetics early after the onset of the disease and predicts the progression of nephropathy. Sustained hyperglycaemia is also closely associated with kidney hypertrophy and increased electrolyte and glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule. In this study, we investigated the role of the increased tubular sodium/glucose cotransport for diabetes‐induced glomerular hyperfiltration. To eliminate any potential confounding effect of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism, we used adenosine A1‐receptor deficient (A1AR−/−) mice known to lack a functional TGF mechanism and compared the results to corresponding wild‐type animals (A1AR+/+).MethodsDiabetes was induced by an intravenous bolus injection of alloxan. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in conscious mice by a single bolus injection of inulin. The sodium/glucose cotransporters were inhibited by phlorizin 30 min prior to GFR measurements.ResultsNormoglycaemic animals had a similar GFR independent of genotype (A1AR+/+ 233 ± 11 vs. A1AR−/− 241 ± 25 μL min−1), and induction of diabetes resulted in glomerular hyperfiltration in both groups (A1AR+/+ 380 ± 25 vs. A1AR−/− 336 ± 35 μL min−1; both P < 0.05). Phlorizin had no effect on GFR in normoglycaemic mice, whereas it reduced GFR in both genotypes during diabetes (A1AR+/+ 365 ± 18 to 295 ± 19, A1AR−/− 354 ± 38 to 199 ± 15 μL min−1; both P < 0.05). Notably, the reduction was more pronounced in the A1AR−/− (P < 0.05).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that increased tubular sodium/glucose reabsorption is important for diabetes‐induced hyperfiltration, and that the TGF mechanism is not involved in these alterations, but rather functions to reduce any deviations from a new set‐point.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in fibroblast growth factor 23 gene, FGF23, are associated with prostate cancer risk
Authors: Kim Hae Jong , Kim Kyeoung‐Hwa , Lee Jaehyouk , Oh Jong Jin , Cheong Hyun Sub , Wong Ee Lin , Yang Beom‐Seok , Byun Seok Soo , Myung Soon Chul 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To determine whether sequence variants within the FGF23 gene are associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer in a Korean population.
Patients and Methods
Five common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the FGF23 gene were assessed in 272 patients with prostate cancer and 173 control subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Single‐locus analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression.
In addition, we performed a haplotype analysis for the five FGF23 SNPs tested.
Results
Three SNPs in the FGF23 gene (rs11063118, rs13312789 and rs7955866) were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in our study population.
Odds ratios for homozygous variants vs wild‐type variants ranged from 1.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–2.46) to 1.79 (95% CI: 1.16–2.75).
Conclusion
This is the first study showing that genetic variations in FGF23 increase prostate cancer susceptibility.
The role of fathers in child feeding: perceived responsibility and predictors of participation
Authors: Mallan K. M. , Nothard M. , Thorpe K. , Nicholson J. M. , Wilson A. , Scuffham P. A. , Daniels L. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe role of fathers in shaping their child's eating behaviour and weight status through their involvement in child feeding has rarely been studied. This study aims to describe fathers' perceived responsibility for child feeding, and to identify predictors of how frequently fathers eat meals with their child.MethodsFour hundred and thirty‐six Australian fathers (M age = 37 years, SD = 6 years; 34% university educated) of a 2–5‐year‐old child (M age = 3.5 years, SD = 0.9 years; 53% boys) were recruited via contact with mothers enrolled in existing research projects or a university staff and student email list. Data were collected from fathers via a self‐report questionnaire. Descriptive and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe majority of fathers reported that the family often/mostly ate meals together (79%). Many fathers perceived that they were responsible at least half of the time for feeding their child in terms of organizing meals (42%); amount offered (50%) and deciding if their child eats the ‘right kind of foods’ (60%). Time spent in paid employment was inversely associated with how frequently fathers ate meals with their child (β = −0.23, P < 0.001); however, both higher perceived responsibility for child feeding (β = 0.16, P < 0.004) and a more involved and positive attitude toward their role as a father (β = 0.20, P < 0.001) were positively related to how often they ate meals with their child, adjusting for a range of paternal and child covariates, including time spent in paid employment.ConclusionsFathers from a broad range of educational backgrounds appear willing to participate in research studies on child feeding. Most fathers were engaged and involved in family meals and child feeding. This suggests that fathers, like mothers, should be viewed as potential agents for the implementation of positive feeding practices within the family.
Within‐Subject Comparison of Maxillary Implant‐Supported Overdentures with and without Palatal Coverage
Authors: Zembic Anja , Tahmaseb Ali , Wismeijer Daniel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare patient‐reported outcomes for maxillary implant‐supported overdentures with and without palatal coverage.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one maxillary edentulous patients (six women, 15 men) were included. In total, 42 implants were inserted in the anterior maxilla. All patients received implant‐supported overdentures on two retentive anchors with palatal coverage for 2 months. Thereafter, patient satisfaction was assessed by means of questionnaires capturing the oral health impact profile (OHIP) on functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical, psychological and social disability, and handicap. Additionally, cleaning ability, general satisfaction, speech, comfort, esthetics, stability, and chewing ability were rated. Subsequently, palatal coverage was reduced, and the patients wore the overdentures for another 2 months. Patient satisfaction was obtained in the same way as above, and the evaluated parameters were compared for the two overdenture designs.ResultsThere were no significant differences between implant‐supported overdentures with and without palatal coverage for any of the OHIP domains. The evaluation of additional parameters revealed significantly higher patient satisfaction for esthetics (mean difference 8.8 mm ± 24.6) and taste (mean difference 28.4 mm ± 29.9) without palatal coverage, p < .01.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, maxillary overdentures supported by two implants were equally satisfactory with and without palatal coverage.
Fatherhood reduces the survival of adult‐generated cells and affects various types of behavior in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster )
Authors: Lieberwirth Claudia , Wang Yue , Jia Xixi , Liu Yan , Wang Zuoxin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMotherhood has profound effects on physiology, neuronal plasticity, and behavior. We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that fatherhood, similarly to motherhood, affects brain plasticity (such as cell proliferation and survival) and various behaviors in the highly social prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). In Experiment 1, adult males were housed with their same‐sex cage mate (control), single‐housed (isolation), or housed with a receptive female to mate and produce offspring (father) for 6 weeks. Fatherhood significantly reduced cell survival (assessed by bromodeoxyuridine labeling), but not cell proliferation (assessed by Ki67‐labeling), in the amygdala, dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and ventromedial hypothalamus, suggesting that fatherhood affects brain plasticity. In Experiment 2, neither acute (20 min) nor chronic (20 min daily for 10 consecutive days) pup exposure altered cell proliferation or survival in the brain, but chronic pup exposure increased circulating corticosterone levels. These data suggest that reduced cell survival in the brain of prairie vole fathers was unlikely to be due to the level of pup exposure and display of paternal behavior, and may not be mediated by circulating corticosterone. The effects of fatherhood on various behaviors (including anxiety‐like, depression‐like, and social behaviors) were examined in Experiment 3. The data indicated that fatherhood increased anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors as well as altered aggression and social recognition memory in male prairie voles. These results warrant further investigation of a possible link between brain plasticity and behavioral changes observed due to fatherhood.