bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The phytotoxic activity of the cerato‐platanin BcSpl1 resides in a two‐peptide motif on the protein surface
Authors: Frías Marcos , Brito Nélida , González Mario , González Celedonio 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCerato‐platanin family proteins are secreted and have been found in both the fungal cell wall and the extracellular medium. They elicit defence responses in a variety of plants and have been proposed to be perceived as pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by the plant immune system, although, in the case of the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea, the cerato‐platanin BcSpl1 contributes to fungal virulence instead of plant resistance. In this study, we report that BcSpl1, which was previously found in the secretome as an abundant protein, is even more abundant in the fungal cell wall. By fusion to green fluorescent protein (GFP), we also show that BcSpl1 associates with the plant plasma membrane causing rapid morphological changes at the cellular level, such as the disorganization of chloroplasts, prior to macroscopic necrosis in the treated tissue. By a combination of serial deletion studies, synthetic peptides and chimeric proteins, we mapped the eliciting activity to a two‐peptide motif in the protein surface. The expression of a chimeric protein displaying this motif in B. cinerea mutants lacking BcSpl1 undoubtedly showed that the motif is responsible for the contribution of BcSpl1 to virulence.
Analysis of the transcriptome of Hirschmanniella oryzae to explore potential survival strategies and host–nematode interactions
Authors: Bauters Lander , Haegeman Annelies , Kyndt Tina , Gheysen Godelieve 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe rice root nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae is the most abundant plant‐parasitic nematode in flooded rice fields and is distributed world‐wide. Although it is economically less important than sedentary nematodes, it can cause severe yield reductions and economic losses in specific environmental conditions. No transcriptome data for this genus were available until now. We have performed 454 sequencing on a mixed life stages population to gain an insight into nematode–plant interactions and nematode survival strategies. The results of two assembly strategies were combined to reduce the redundancy of the data, generating a final dataset of 21 360 contigs. The data were screened for putative plant cell wall‐modifying proteins, which facilitate nematode migration through host roots. A β‐mannanase, previously not reported in nematodes, was detected in the dataset. The data were screened for putative effector proteins that may alter the host defence mechanism. Two enzymes, chorismate mutase and isochorismatase, thought to be involved in the salicyclic acid pathway, were identified. Experimental treatments of H. oryzae with artificial seawater showed that late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and SXP/RAL‐2 are induced, suggesting that these proteins are involved in the process of anhydrobiosis. The newly generated data can highlight potential differences between sedentary and migratory nematodes, and will be useful in the further study of host–nematode interactions and the developmental biology of this nematode.
Limited genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity detected for cavitation resistance in a Mediterranean pine
Authors: Lamy Jean‐Baptiste , Delzon Sylvain , Bouche Pauline S. , Alia Ricardo , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe , Cochard Hervé , Plomion Christophe 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Resistance to cavitation is a major determinant of plant survival under severe drought and can be used to quantify species adaptive potential. Interspecific variation in this key trait is well defined in woody species, but intraspecific variation (level and structure) resulting from standing genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity has never been determined.

Combining for the first time in situ characterization of natural populations and two reciprocal common gardens in dry and wet sites, we estimated variance components (phenotypic, genetic, environmental, and genetic × environmental) of cavitation resistance based on 513 genotypes of a Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinaster.

Despite the selected populations being climatically contrasted, phenotypic plasticity in resistance to cavitation remained low and was essentially attributed to family level. Between‐population variation in cavitation resistance for both phenotypic and genetic variation was limited.

These results strongly suggest that cavitation resistance is buffered against genetic and to a lesser extent environmental variation (canalization) in maritime pine. Consequently, in a drier world, the increasing drought tolerance of Pinus species might be severely constrained by the low level of cavitation resistance variation, resulting in a large‐scale loss of productivity.
Life histories of hosts and pathogens predict patterns in tropical fungal plant diseases
Authors: García‐Guzmán Graciela , Heil Martin 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPlant pathogens affect the fitness of their hosts and maintain biodiversity. However, we lack theories to predict the type and intensity of infections in wild plants. Here we demonstrate using fungal pathogens of tropical plants that an examination of the life histories of hosts and pathogens can reveal general patterns in their interactions. Fungal infections were more commonly reported for light‐demanding than for shade‐tolerant species and for evergreen rather than for deciduous hosts. Both patterns are consistent with classical defence theory, which predicts lower resistance in fast‐growing species and suggests that the deciduous habit can reduce enemy populations. In our literature survey, necrotrophs were found mainly to infect shade‐tolerant woody species whereas biotrophs dominated in light‐demanding herbaceous hosts. Far‐red signalling and its inhibitory effects on jasmonic acid signalling are likely to explain this phenomenon. Multiple changes between the necrotrophic and the symptomless endophytic lifestyle at the ecological and evolutionary scale indicate that endophytes should be considered when trying to understand large‐scale patterns in the fungal infections of plants. Combining knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of pathogen resistance with classical defence theory enables the formulation of testable predictions concerning general patterns in the infections of wild plants by fungal pathogens.

Contents

Summary
1106

I.
Plant pathogens in tropical ecosystems
1107

II.
Questions and patterns
1109

III.
Pathogens as destructors and constructors
1109

IV.
Questions and patterns
1110

V.
Endophytes as a reservoir of necrotrophic pathogens?
1111

VI.
Plant resistance to necrotrophs and biotrophs
1111

VII.
Plant defence theory
1113

VIII.
General patterns in fungal infections of tropical plants
1114

IX.
Explaining patterns
1114

X.
Conclusions and outlook
1116

Acknowledgements
1117

References
1117
The novel allele of the LhMYB12 gene is involved in splatter‐type spot formation on the flower tepals of Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.)
Authors: Yamagishi Masumi , Toda Shinya , Tasaki Keisuke 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Many angiosperm families develop spatially regulated anthocyanin spots on their flowers. The Asiatic hybrid lily (Lilium spp.) cv ‘Latvia’ develops splatter‐type spots on its tepals. The splatters arise simply from the deposition of anthocyanin pigments in the tepal epidermis.

To determine how splatter development was regulated, we analysed the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, and isolated and characterized an R2R3‐MYB gene specific to splatter pigmentation.

All anthocyanin biosynthesis genes were expressed in splatter‐containing regions of tepals, but not in other regions, indicating that splatter pigmentation is caused by the transcriptional regulation of biosynthesis genes. Previously characterized LhMYB12 regulators were not involved in splatter pigmentation, but, instead, a new allele of the LhMYB12 gene, LhMYB12‐Lat, isolated in this study, contributed to splatter development. In ‘Latvia’ and other lily plants expressing splatters, LhMYB12‐Lat was preferentially transcribed in the splatter‐containing region of tepals. Progeny segregation analysis showed that LhMYB12‐Lat genotype and splatter phenotype were co‐segregated among the F1 population, indicating that LhMYB12‐Lat determines the presence or absence of splatters.

LhMYB12‐Lat contributes to splatter development, but not to full‐tepal pigmentation and raised spot pigmentation. As a result of its unique sequences and different transcription profiles, this new allele of LhMYB12 should be a novel R2R3‐MYB specifically associating with splatter spot development.
The LOSS OF APOMEIOSIS (LOA) locus in Hieracium praealtum can function independently of the associated large‐scale repetitive chromosomal structure
Authors: Kotani Yoshiko , Henderson Steven T. , Suzuki Go , Johnson Susan D. , Okada Takashi , Siddons Hayley , Mukai Yasuhiko , Koltunow Anna M. G. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Apomixis or asexual seed formation in Hieracium praealtum (Asteraceae) is controlled by two independent dominant loci. One of these, the LOSS OF APOMEIOSIS (LOA) locus, controls apomixis initiation, mitotic embryo sac formation (apospory) and suppression of the sexual pathway. The LOA locus is found near the end of a hemizygous chromosome surrounded by extensive repeats extending along the chromosome arm. Similar apomixis‐carrying chromosome structures have been found in some apomictic grasses, suggesting that the extensive repetitive sequences may be functionally relevant to apomixis.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine chromosomes of apomeiosis deletion mutants and rare recombinants in the critical LOA region arising from a cross between sexual Hieracium pilosella and apomictic H. praealtum.

The combined analyses of aposporous and nonaposporous recombinant progeny and chromosomal karyotypes were used to determine that the functional LOA locus can be genetically separated from the very extensive repeat regions found on the LOA‐carrying chromosome.

The large‐scale repetitive sequences associated with the LOA locus in H. praealtum are not essential for apospory or suppression of sexual megasporogenesis (female meiosis).
Prevalence of choroidal naevi using scanning laser ophthalmoscope
Authors: Gordon‐Shaag Ariela , Barnard Simon , Millodot Michel , Gantz Liat , Chiche Gabrielle , Vanessa Elbaz , Ruth Wolff , Pinchasov Rima , Gosman Zoya , Simchi Merav , Koslowe Kenneth , Shneor Einat 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence of choroidal naevi in a healthy population using an ultra‐wide scanning laser ophthalmoscope which can capture up to a 200° field of view of the retina, without pupil dilation.MethodsSubjects were recruited from a college population. Each subject underwent an eye examination that included retinal and choroidal imaging using the Optos scanning laser ophthalmoscope and completed a self‐administered questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed to identify associated factors with choroidal naevi.ResultsThe Optomap images of 406 participants (mean age 23.5 ± 4.4) were analysed. Thirty‐nine subjects (10%) presented with at least one naevus in one eye, and multiple naevi were observed unilaterally in eight subjects. Drusen were noted in only one eye. The mean naevus diameter was 2.38 mm (±2.07). Prevalence was not associated with either eye colour, time spent outdoors, visual impairment, or ethnic group, but was significantly associated with male gender (OR 2.41, p = 0.009), blond/red hair colour (OR 2.42, p = 0.037), skin that neither burns nor tans (OR 2.8, p = 0.02) and habitual sunglasses use (OR 0.33, p = 0.002).ConclusionsA higher prevalence of choroidal naevi was detected in this college population compared to other population‐based studies. This is likely due to the use of an ultra‐wide field scanning laser ophthalmoscope which provides up to 200° of the fundus. The naevi were associated with several factors.
Xmrk‐induced melanoma progression is affected by Sdf1 signals through Cxcr7
Authors: Liedtke Daniel , Erhard Isabell , Abe Keiko , Furutani‐Seiki Makoto , Kondoh Hisato , Schartl Manfred 
Published: November 2013

SummaryChemokine signals mediated by Sdf1/Cxcl12 through the chemokine receptor Cxcr4 are thought to play an instructive role in tumor migration and organ‐specific metastasis. We have used a small aquarium fish model to contribute to a better understanding of how the course of melanoma development is influenced by Sdf1 signals in vivo. We studied oncogene‐induced skin tumor appearance and progression in the transgenic medaka (Oryzias latipes) melanoma model. Similar to humans, invasive medaka melanomas show increased levels of sdf1, cxcr4, and cxcr7 gene expression. Stable transgenic fish lines overexpressing sdf1 exclusively in pigment cells showed a reduction in melanoma appearance and progression. Remarkably, diminished levels of functional Cxcr7, but not of Cxcr4b, resulted in strongly reduced melanoma invasiveness and a repression of melanoma. Our results thereby indicate that Sdf1 signals via Cxcr7 are able to constrain melanoma growth in vivo and that these signals influence tumor outcome.
Mental disorders that exacerbated due to the Fukushima disaster, a complex radioactive contamination disaster
Authors: Matsumoto Junya , Kunii Yasuto , Wada Akira , Mashiko Hirobumi , Yabe Hirooki , Niwa Shin‐ichi 
Published: November 2013

AimThe Fukushima disaster was caused by an earthquake that occurred on 11 March 2011. Following the serious damage caused by the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami, radioactive contamination occurred because of the meltdown accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. We investigated what mental disorders were likely to become exacerbated under these conditions.MethodsWe surveyed psychiatric outpatients at Fukushima Medical University Hospital for 1 month (31 days) from the day of the earthquake (March–April 2011).ResultsThe survey revealed that bipolar I disorder was most likely to become exacerbated under the conditions and that the exacerbation exhibited was more likely to involve manic switches than depression.ConclusionOn the basis of the results of our study, particular care must be taken to follow up bipolar I disorder patients after a natural disaster. Our results also suggested the possible origin of bipolar I disorder.
Effects of enuresis nocturna on parents of affected children: Case–control study
Authors: Tanrıverdi Mehmet Halis , Palancı Yılmaz , Yılmaz Ahmet , Penbegül Necmettin , Bez Yasin , Dağgülli Mansur 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundEnuresis nocturna (EN) is a chronic medical disorder that may cause a parent to question their parenting ability and contribute to an inability to perform the parental role. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of EN on the relationship between parents, and the effect of mood changes in the couples on the children.MethodsForty children with EN (group 1) were enrolled in the study, and 44 consecutive healthy children (group 2) were randomly selected from the same school. The clinical diagnosis for the patient group was based on a careful history. Spielberg's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) were applied to all parents, and the answers were recorded.ResultsSTAI scores differed between the mothers in the two groups in terms of trait anxiety, while significant differences between the fathers in terms of both state and trait anxiety were observed. The BDI scores were similar between the two groups. The scores of dyadic consensus were lower in the mothers, while the affectional expression scores were lower in the EN study group fathers compared with controls. The total DAS scores were significantly lower in the parents of the children with EN.ConclusionThe parents of children with EN seem to experience increased levels of anxiety. Their desire to continue the marital relationship, the overall quality of their marital relationship and their comfort as a family may also be negatively affected by having a child with EN.
Glycated nail proteins: a new approach for detecting diabetes in developing countries
Authors: Kishabongo Antoine Sadiki , Katchunga Philippe , Van Aken Elisabeth H. , Speeckaert Marijn M. , Lagniau Sabrina , Husein Dashty , Taes Youri E. , Delanghe Joris R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess glycation of nail proteins as a tool in the diagnosis of diabetes.MethodsGlycation of nail proteins was assessed using a modified photometric nitroblue tetrazolium‐based assay, which provides information about average glucose values of the last 6–9 months. Analysis is possible on 10 mg of nail clippings with a within‐run coefficient of variation (CV) of 11%. The analyte is extremely stable. The reference range for glycated nail protein (0.55–3.60 μmol/g nail) increases upon ageing.ResultsIn diabetics (n = 112), values for glycated nail protein are significantly higher (median: 4.07 μmol/g nail, IQR: 2.37–6.89 μmol/g nail, P < 0.0001) than in non‐diabetics (n = 116). ROC analysis shows an AUC of 0.848 (specificity 93.1%; sensitivity 68.9%).ConclusionThis affordable method is a simple alternative for diagnosing diabetes in remote areas as the pre‐analytical phase (including all processes from the time a laboratory request is made by a physician until the sample is ready for testing) is extremely robust.
Hemolytic anemia after ingestion of the natural hair dye Lawsonia inermis (henna) in a dog
Authors: Jardes Daniel J. , Ross Linda A. , Markovich Jessica E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the clinical presentation and case management of a dog that developed hemolytic anemia and evidence of renal tubular dysfunction after ingestion of a natural hair dye containing Lawsonia inermis (henna). To review cases of henna toxicity reported in the human literature.Case SummaryAn 8‐year‐old female spayed Border Collie was presented 5 days after ingestion of a box of natural hair dye. The dog was showing signs of lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, and weakness. A serum biochemistry profile, complete blood count, and urinalysis demonstrated evidence of renal tubular dysfunction and a regenerative anemia without spherocytosis. The dog was treated with a transfusion of packed RBCs and IV fluids, resulting in significant clinical improvement. Repeat diagnostics showed resolution of the anemia and no lasting evidence of tubular dysfunction.New or Unique Information ProvidedTo the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case in the veterinary literature of toxicity following ingestion of Lawsonia inermis (henna). Henna ingestion was associated with the development of hemolytic anemia and acute kidney injury.
Integrating preventive and curative non‐chemical weed control strategies for concrete block pavements
Authors: De Cauwer B , Fagot M , Beeldens A , Boonen E , Bulcke R , Reheul D 
Published: October 2013

SummaryReduction in herbicide use in non‐agricultural areas is being imposed by a growing number of governments, triggering the development of alternative strategies for weed prevention and control. This study aimed to determine the weed preventive abilities of different paving types, the required treatment frequency of non‐chemical weed control scenarios on these pavements and the associated weed species composition. A test parking area, constructed with four concrete paving types, was sown with a mixture of dominant weed species. Six scenarios with repeated use of a single weed control method (brushing with waste removal, hot air, selective application of hot water and three scenarios with flaming) and two scenarios with alternating use of brushes and hot air were applied to control the weeds during two growing seasons. Treatments were applied at well‐defined intervention moments, based upon weed development. Over 2 years, the paving types differed in weed coverage (up to a fourfold difference) and required varying treatment frequency (up to a 11‐fold difference) with lowest values for pavings with porous pavers. Within most paving types, up to 28% lower treatment frequencies were found for selective application of hot water, as compared with all other single method scenarios. Shifts in weed composition occurred in plots treated repeatedly with the same technique. Paving type determined the chances for the establishment of different weed species and alternating non‐chemical control methods with different modes of action offered the best opportunity to keep weeds under control.
Experiences of leaders in the implementation of Lean in a teaching hospital—barriers and facilitators in clinical practices: a qualitative study
Authors: Aij Kjeld Harald , Simons Frederique Elisabeth , Widdershoven Guy A M , Visse Merel 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo date, experiences of leaders in the implementation of Lean after a Lean Training Programme have not been systematically investigated within teaching hospitals. Existing studies have identified barriers and facilitators only from an improvement programme perspective and have not considered the experiences of leaders themselves. This study aims to bridge this gap.DesignSemistructured, indepth interviews.SettingOne of largest teaching hospitals in the Netherlands.Participants31 medical, surgical and nursing professionals with an average of 19.2 years of supervisory experience. All professionals were appointed to a Lean Training Programme and were directly involved in the implementation of Lean.ResultsThe evidence obtained in this study shows that, from the perspectives of participants, leadership management support, a continuous learning environment and cross-departmental cooperation play a significant role in successful Lean implementation. The results suggest that a Lean Training Programme contributed to positive outcomes in personal and professional skills that were evident during the first 4 months after programme completion.ConclusionsImplementing Lean in a teaching hospital setting is a challenge because of the ambiguous and complex environment of a highly professionalised organisation. The study found that leadership management support and a continuous learning environment are important facilitators of Lean implementation. To increase the successful outcomes of leadership actions, training should be supplemented with actions to remove perceived barriers. This requires the involvement of all professionals, the crossing of departmental boundaries and a focus on meaning-making processes rather than simply ‘implementing’ facts. Therefore, this research suggests that programme participants, such as staff members and leaders, can mutually explore the meanings of Lean thinking and working for their own contexts. By entering this shared learning process (eg, learning on the job) the ownership of Lean implementation could also increase.