bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discretionary Sanctions and Rewards in the Repeated Inspection Game
Authors: Nosenzo Daniele , Offerman Theo , Sefton Martin , van der Veen Ailko 
Published: June 2015

We experimentally investigate a repeated “inspection game” where, in the stage game, an employee can either work or shirk and an employer simultaneously chooses to inspect or not inspect. The unique equilibrium of the stage game is in mixed strategies with positive probabilities of shirking/inspecting while combined payoffs are maximized when the employee works and the employer does not inspect. We examine the effects of allowing the employer discretion to sanction or reward the employee after observing stage game payoffs. When employers have limited discretion, and can only apply sanctions and/or rewards following an inspection, we find that both instruments are equally effective in reducing shirking and increasing joint earnings. When employers have discretion to reward and/or sanction independently of whether they inspect, we find that rewards are more effective than sanctions. In treatments where employers can combine sanctions and rewards, employers rely mainly on rewards, and outcomes closely resemble those of treatments where only rewards are possible. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.2124 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Validating the inter-rater reliability of an anorectal assessment tool
Authors: Evans Patricia , Collins Brigitte , O'Brien Lorraine , Bradshaw Elissa , Swatton Anna , Norton Christine 
Published: June 2015

Background To date, there has been no validated assessment tool or rating scale for recording the results of a digital rectal examination. A scale, similar to that used for vaginal examination, was developed for anorectal examination. Aim The study aimed to establish inter-rater reliability of the anorectal assessment tool. Method Consenting patients with symptoms of constipation or faecal incontinence were examined by two clinicians in random order. Both clinicians were blinded to the other's findings. Agreement to within one point was expected on 0–5 scales for examination and 90% agreement and above on categorical observations. Results A total of 98 patients participated in this study. The study's findings indicate that experienced clinicians interpret the results of the anorectal assessment in a reasonably similar, but not identical, manner. Conclusion This tool can be useful in clinical and research settings. Future work is needed to refine the tool and to test it in a variety of settings.
Cognitive dysfunction in older dogs and cats: the role of the veterinary nurse in screening
Authors: Fry Margaret 
Published: June 2015

Cognitive dysfunction is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It affects 14.2% of older dogs over 8 years of age. In cats, 28% aged 11 to 14 years develop one geriatric-onset behaviour problem. This increases to over 50% in cats 15 years of age and older. Detection of cognitive dysfunction in cats and dogs is by observation of clinical behavioural signs, often thought to be a normal part of ageing. Early recognition is crucial. Signs detected early are treatable or temporarily reversible. This literature review focused on areas the veterinary nurse could influence in practice such as detection of behavioural signs and advice on diet, behaviour management and enrichment. Results showed dietary and nutritional supplements as well as behavioural and environmental enrichment alongside medication can slow progression of cognitive dysfunction predominately in dogs. Regular screening of older pets and education of owners by veterinary nurses can help with early detection and referral to a veterinary surgeon. Future research should focus on further development of standardised, validated screening tools and management protocols.
EHR-based Visualization Tool: Adoption Rates, Satisfaction, and Patient
Outcomes
Authors: Foraker Randi E. , Kite Bobbie , Kelley Marjorie , Lai Albert M. , Roth Caryn , Lopetegui Marcelo A. , Shoben Abigail B. , Langan Michael , Rutledge Nicole , Payne Philip R.O. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to enhance
patient-provider communication and improve patient outcomes. However, in order to impact
patient care, clinical decision support (CDS) and communication tools targeting such
needs must be integrated into clinical workflow and be flexible with regard to the
changing health care landscape.Design: The Stroke Prevention in Healthcare Delivery
Environments (SPHERE) team developed and implemented the SPHERE tool, an EHR-based CDS
visualization, to enhance patient-provider communication around cardiovascular health
(CVH) within an outpatient primary care setting of a large academic medical
center.Implementation: We describe our successful CDS alert implementation strategy and
report adoption rates. We also present results of a provider satisfaction survey showing
that the SPHERE tool delivers appropriate content in a timely manner. Patient outcomes
following implementation of the tool indicate one-year improvements in some CVH metrics,
such as body mass index and diabetes.Discussion: Clinical decision-making and practices
change rapidly and in parallel to simultaneous changes in the health care landscape and
EHR usage. Based on these observations and our preliminary results, we have found that
an integrated, extensible, and workflow-aware CDS tool is critical to enhancing
patient-provider communications and influencing patient outcomes.
PROBABILIDAD Y ESTADÍSTICA PARA GRADO PRIMERO DESDE LOS ORGANIZADORES CURRICULARES
Authors: Rodríguez Molina Luisa Fernanda 
Published: June 2015

<p>Este artículo pretende visualizar los organizadores curriculares desde una perspectiva específica en el aula de matemáticas, es decir, la planificación local que se debe realizar para la enseñanza de las mismas, tomándose en cuenta la planificación y gestión de la clase, en caso de éste artículo se fundamentará en la enseñanza de la probabilidad y estadística en grado primero de la educación básica. Se muestra cada organizador con las características generales junto con las características específicas para la enseñanza de probabilidad y estadística en el grado mencionado anteriormente. Para esta indagación, se construyó en primera medida cada organizador y posteriormente una secuencia de actividades, junto con su respectivo análisis, donde ésta secuencia fomentará la utilización de cada organizador curricular para garantizar así un proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje de la probabilidad y estadística en grado primero de forma adecuada.</p>
REPRESENTATIVIDAD A ESCALA REGIONAL DE UN INVENTARIO FLORÍSTICO DETALLADO DE UNA HECTÁREA EN LOS ANDES TROPICALES
Authors: Davila Esteban Alvarez , Higuita Heriberto David 
Published: June 2015

<p align="left"><span>Se reporta la composición florística de plantas vasculares y su distribución por hábitos de crecimiento en un bosque húmedo montano bajo en el norte de los Andes, con base en una parcela de 1 ha. Dentro de la parcela de 1 ha se colectaron muestras botánicas de manera intensiva y se identificaron 318 especies/morfoespecies, 82 familias (9 de las cuales pertenecen a la división Pteridophyta) y 173 géneros. Orchidaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Melastomataceae y Piperaceae aportan el 44% del total de especies registradas en la parcela. Los géneros más diversos son</span><em>Peperomia, Elaphoglossum, Mikania, Anthurium</em><span> y </span><em>Miconia</em><span>. Se encontraron tres especies endémicas del departamento de Antioquia (</span><em>Brunellia trianae, Meriania antioquiensis y Mikania fragrans</em><span>). Las especies encontradas representan el 47%, los géneros el 48% y las familias el 60% del total con respecto al Parque Arví, una reserva de 11 400 ha donde se localizó la parcela. Se encontraron 108 especies, 30 géneros y 1 familia no reportados previamente para el Parque Arví. El número de taxones comunes entre la parcela y el Parque fue de 144 especies, 142 géneros y 69 familias. La riqueza de especies/familia en la parcela explica el 89% de la variación en la riqueza de especies/familia en al Parque Arví, y la riqueza de géneros el 75%. Se concluye que los inventarios florísticos detallados en parcelas de área conocida aportan información representativa de la flora a nivel regional y permiten una aproximación rápida a su biodiversidad.</span></p>
Harnessing Gender to Law: A Mosaic Approach to Designing Domestic Violence Policy
Authors: Vieira Noronha Joanna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper concerns how legal mechanisms intended to address domestic violence (DV) can be better designed to adequately consider its gendered impacts and complexity. I analyze two traditional legal approaches to DV: a focus on women-only mechanisms and a gender-neutral approach. I then analyze two jurisdictions that have adopted such approaches to DV: Brazil and the United States, respectively. While each approach has benefits, both also have significant costs. I argue that it is possible to imagine an alternative, substantially more flexible system that is neither focused on women nor is gender-neutral. This alternative, which I call the mosaic approach (MA), aims at making DV law and policy more effective, and more just, by focusing on a mosaic of vulnerabilities, which may be more or less related to gender. The MA then proposes using an empirically-based mosaic of DV policies that match and address these vulnerabilities. At the core of the MA is an insistence upon an ongoing public scrutiny of the political choices that lurk behind resource allocation and vulnerability prioritization. Because public policy and law require some degree of generality, the risk of stereotyping in policy-design is probably unavoidable. This paper argues that the best response to this concern is to bring it to the very forefront of policy-making by actively grappling with how we categorize and prioritize people.
A Novel Scheme for OFDM-PON Based on Polarization Multiplexing and Heterodyne with Colorless ONUs and Wireless Access
Authors: Fei Yue , Wu Shibao , Hu Faze , Peng Liangliang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON) is proposed in this paper. By using polarization multiplexing (PoLMUX) technology, this network can not only support source free in optical domain but also in electric domain. This network can also realize wireless access by optical heterodyne technology. The optical carrier suppression and separation (OCSS) technology is used to improve utilization rate of the optical source. Besides, the cross-modulation technology is used to mitigate the influence of the Rayleigh backscattering. By simulation, the functions mentioned above are demonstrated. And simulation results show this network has good performance.
Nanotechnology for photodynamic therapy: a perspective from the Laboratory of Dr. Michael R. Hamblin in the Wellman Center for Photomedicine at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School
Authors: Hamblin Michael R. , Chiang Long Y. , Lakshmanan Shanmugamurthy , Huang Ying-Ying , Garcia-Diaz Maria , Karimi Mahdi , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Chandran Rakkiyappan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe research interests of the Hamblin Laboratory are broadly centered on the use of different kinds of light to treat many different diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of dyes with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species and kill bacteria, cancer cells and destroy unwanted tissue. Likewise, UV light is also good at killing especially pathogens. By contrast, red or near-infrared light can have the opposite effect, to act to preserve tissue from dying and can stimulate healing and regeneration. In all these applications, nanotechnology is having an ever-growing impact. In PDT, self-assembled nano-drug carriers (micelles, liposomes, etc.) play a great role in solubilizing the photosensitizers, metal nanoparticles can carry out plasmon resonance enhancement, and fullerenes can act as photosensitizers, themselves. In the realm of healing, single-walled carbon nanotubes can be electrofocused to produce nano-electonic biomedical devices, and nanomaterials will play a great role in restorative dentistry.
Novel Genes Involved in Controlling Specification of Drosophila FMRFamide Neuropeptide Cells
Authors: Bivik Caroline , Bahrampour Shahrzad , Ulvklo Carina , Nilsson Patrik , Angel Anna , Fransson Fredrik , Lundin Erika , Renhorn Jakob , Thor Stefan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The expression of neuropeptides is often extremely restricted in the nervous system, making them powerful markers for addressing cell specification . In the developing Drosophila ventral nerve cord, only six cells, the Ap4 neurons, of some 10,000 neurons, express the neuropeptide FMRFamide (FMRFa). Each Ap4/FMRFa neuron is the last-born cell generated by an identifiable and well-studied progenitor cell, neuroblast 5-6 (NB5-6T). The restricted expression of FMRFa and the wealth of information regarding its gene regulation and Ap4 neuron specification makes FMRFa a valuable readout for addressing many aspects of neural development, i.e., spatial and temporal patterning cues, cell cycle control, cell specification, axon transport, and retrograde signaling. To this end, we have conducted a forward genetic screen utilizing an Ap4-specific FMRFa-eGFP transgenic reporter as our readout. A total of 9781 EMS-mutated chromosomes were screened for perturbations in FMRFa-eGFP expression, and 611 mutants were identified. Seventy-nine of the strongest mutants were mapped down to the affected gene by deficiency mapping or whole-genome sequencing. We isolated novel alleles for previously known FMRFa regulators, confirming the validity of the screen. In addition, we identified novel essential genes, including several with previously undefined functions in neural development. Our identification of genes affecting most major steps required for successful terminal differentiation of Ap4 neurons provides a comprehensive view of the genetic flow controlling the generation of highly unique neuronal cell types in the developing nervous system.
Two-Dimensional Identification of Fetal Tooth Germs
Authors: Seabra Mariana , Vaz Paula , Valente Francisco , Braga Ana , Felino António 
Published: June 2015

Objective To demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of two-dimensional ultrasonography in the identification of tooth germs and in the assessment of potential pathology. Design Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting Prenatal Diagnosis Unit of Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho–Empresa Pública in Portugal. Patients A total of 157 white pregnant women (median age, 32 years; range, 14 to 47 years) undergoing routine ultrasound exams. Main Outcome Measure(s) Description of the fetal tooth germs, as visualized by two-dimensional ultrasonography, including results from prior fetal biometry and detailed screening for malformations. Results In the first trimester group, ultrasonography identified 10 tooth germs in the maxilla and 10 tooth germs in the mandible in all fetuses except for one who presented eight maxillary tooth germs. This case was associated with a chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 13) with a bilateral cleft palate. In the second and third trimesters group, ultrasonography identified a larger range of tooth germs: 81.2% of fetuses showed 10 tooth germs in the maxilla and 85.0% of fetuses had 10 tooth germs in the mandible. Hypodontia was more prevalent in the maxilla than in the mandible, which led us to use qualitative two-dimensional ultrasonography to analyze the possible association between hypodontia and other variables such as fetal pathology, markers, head, nuchal, face, and spine. Conclusions We recommend using this method as the first exam to evaluate fetal morphology and also to help establish accurate diagnosis of abnormalities in pregnancy.
Statistics in the Service of Health
Authors: Daskalakis Constantine 
Published: June 2015

<strong>Introduction: </strong>The word statistics was first used to describe a set of aggregated data (commonly demographic observations, such as births and deaths), and later came to also denote the mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data and uncertainty (Davidian &amp; Louis, 2002; Dodge, 2006; Moses, 1986). For those interested in the historical developments in probability and statistics, there are many excellent books and reviews (Fienberg, 1992; Gigerenzer et al., 1989; Stigler, 1986). However, as John Tukey once said, “the best thing about being a statistician is that you get to play in everyone else’s backyard” (Leonhardt, 2000). Yet, there has been little systematic work on the impact of the application of statistics in various scientific disciplines.
Политика ни при чем: все дело в книгах?
Authors: Кваскова Майя Львовна 
Published: June 2015

<p>НППиР продолжает исследование библиотечных учреждений и регулирующих ассоциаций, на этот раз – стран СНГ. В номере уходящего года был сделан небольшой обзор российских учреждений по данному аспекту. В целом, выясняется – Азербайджан, Грузия, Узбекистан, Казахстан и Молдова не доступны для простого пользователя Google Chrome, либо предоставля-<br />ют материалы исключительно на национальных языках. При этом выясняется, что украинскую библиотечную ассоциацию возглавляет директор Центра информационных ресурсов посольства США в Украине. На текущем этапе исследования, абсолютно лояльны, с точки зрения доступа, лишь Республики Беларусь и Кыргызстан. Армения – старается, а Молдова активно борется с остеопорозом.</p>
Электронный архив научных журналов Национальной академии наук Беларуси
Authors: Юрик Инна Викторовна 
Published: June 2015

<p>В статье показаны цели и задачи, возникающие при формировании электронной научной библиотеки на примере Центральной научной библиотеки им Я. Коласа, а также необходимые шаги, предпринятые для достижения этих целей в рамках достижения общих научных и образовательных потребностей на уровне государства.</p>
Upcoming events: aims and objectives
Authors: Кваскова Майя Львовна 
Published: June 2015

<p>В данном материале автор предлагает подборку самых важных событий года библиотечного сообщества. НППиР решил опросить своих подписчиков, чтобы выявить наиболее значимые для них мероприятия. Как удалось выяснить по<br />итогам бесед, лидирующие позиции занимают: Всероссийский библиотечный конгресс: XVII ежегодная конференция российской библиотечной ассоциации и XVI Международная научно-практическая конференция «SCIENCE ONLINE:<br />электронные информационные ресурсы для науки и образования», которые намечены на середину мая.</p>
Особенности перевода научно-технических текстов
Authors: Елин Павел Александрович 
Published: June 2015

<p>В статье показаны особенности перевода научно-технических текстов, проблемы, с которыми могут столкнуться заказчики такого перевода. Также дается описание решения этих проблем с учетом опыта группы Компаний<br />«ABC-Translations».</p>
Система «Антиплагиат.РГБ» и недобросовестные авторы диссертаций: кто победит?
Authors: Авдеева Нина Владимировна , Никулина Ольга Владимировна , Сологубов Александр Михайлович 
Published: June 2015

<p>В статье представлен опыт использования системы «Антиплагиат» в Российской государственной библиотеке (РГБ), указаны способы, которые применяют авторы для сокрытия плагиата в своих работах, и методы выявления подобных<br />заимствований, а также обозначены перспективы дальнейшего развития системы «Антиплагиат.РГБ».</p>
Использование электронных книг в библиотеках США: на нерегулируемом перекрестке
Authors: Костюк Константин Николаевич 
Published: June 2015

<p>В статье Костюка К.Н. осуществляется обзор и анализ социологического исследования, проводимого на регулярной основе журналом «Library<br />Journal», посвященного использованию электронных книг в академических и публичных библиотеках США. Основное внимание уделено состоянию<br />на 2012 г., – времени, когда в американском книгоиздании происходит стремительный переход к электронным форматам. Модельные тенденции, происходящие на американском рынке, примериваются к ситуации в России и к задачам, стоящим перед российским библиотечным сообществом.</p>
Сервисы электронной полнотекстовой библиотеки для образования, науки и культуры
Authors: Ляпин Сергей Хамзеевич 
Published: June 2015

<p>Рассматривается концепция многофункциональной электронной библиотеки с возможностями продвинутого полнотекстового поиска, функционирующего как в локальной сети (архитектура клиент-сервер), так и в режиме распределенной<br />информационной среды (гибридная архитектура). На примере одной из них (информационная система T-Libra, разработка ООО «Константа», Архангельск, Россия) описываются различные виды полнотекстового поиска, их использование для целей управления, образования, науки и культуры.</p>
«Открытый» не значит «бесплатный»: размышления на тему потенциальных плюсов и минусов публикаций Open Access
Authors: Маниста Фрэнк 
Published: June 2015

<div><p class="Style">В статье поднимается проблема доступности и полезности открытого доступа для научного сообщества. Рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки Open Access, в том числе финансовые вопросы и вопросы рентабельности. Автор отмечает отсутствие контролирующей организации и непроработанный вопрос о финансовом участии организаций в научных исследованиях.</p><p class="Style"> </p><p class="Style">Оригнал публикации: </p><div><p>Manista, FC. (2012). “Open Don’t Mean Free”: A Reflection on the Potential Advantages and Disadvantages of Publishing Research via Open Access. Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly Communication 1(2):eP1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/2162-3309.1049</p></div></div>
Технологии создания, агрегации и использования научного и образовательного контента
Authors: Сковородина Ирина Сергеевна , Ефремов Павел Владимирович 
Published: June 2015

<p>В статье представлен обзор докладов конференции, которая проводилась 30 октября 2013 г. в Вычислительном центре им. А.А. Доро дницына РАН. Главная идея конференции – представить концепцию системы агрегации и использования результатов научной деятельности РАН. Авторы статьи сфокусировали внимание на основных темах: создание информационно-технологической платформы; развитие и совершенствование систем агрегации; технологичные решения в области поиска информации и анализа научного текста; использование DOI и ORCID.</p>
Итоги межрегионального конкурса научных и методических проектов "Эффективная научная библиотека: идеи, подходы, решения"
Authors: Редькина Наталья Степановна 
Published: June 2015

<p>В статье освещены итоги конкурса научных и методических проектов. Они помогают повысить эффективность работы научных библиотек, развить их инновационную деятельность, сформировать благоприятное общественное мнение и повысить активность библиотечных специалистов.</p>
Финансирование открытого доступа
Authors: Познански Эмили 
Published: June 2015

<p>Автор рассматривает проблему финансирования публикаций в открытом доступе, анализирует результаты опросов и приводит расчеты, позволяющие сделать вывод о темпах роста, популярности такого способа публикации и финансовых затратах исследователей.</p><p> </p><p>Оригинал публикации: http://openscience.com/open-access-funding/</p>