bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Role of Sports Betting Marketing in Youth Problem Gambling
Authors: Di Censo Gianluca , Delfabbro Paul , King Daniel L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground: Sports betting is becoming increasingly common among young people in the UK and Australia. There is a need to understand how the marketing of sports betting may influence risky and pathological gambling to inform policies aimed at reducing harm. This study examines whether sports betting advertising may predict problem gambling scores among young people, while accounting for non-marketing variables. Methods: We recruited 567 participants (53.1% male) aged 18–24 years from an online research panel. Participants were eligible if they had an active betting account and regularly bet on sports. We conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine whether four marketing-related measures (exposure to advertising, ad-driven betting decisions, use of betting inducements, and perceived susceptibility to betting inducements) could predict PGSI scores. We controlled for several demographic, psychological, and behavioural variables, including gender, gambling participation, spend per session, participation in in-play betting, normative beliefs about sports betting, and impulsivity. Results: The study revealed that sports betting marketing was positively associated with PGSI scores after controlling for non-marketing variables. Significant marketing predictors included ad-driven betting decisions and perceived influence from betting inducements. Other significant predictors included participation in non-sports betting gambling activities, spend per session, involvement in in-play betting, and the impulsivity trait of negative urgency. Conclusion: Sports betting marketing appears to be implicated in young people’s gambling problems. Specifically, young people who have gambling problems may be more likely to bet in response to advertising, and betting incentives may contribute to an intensification of their gambling behaviour. This study supports the implementation of regulations and restrictions on advertising as a measure to protect young problem gamblers.
Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in $$^3$$He Superfluids in Zero-Temperature Limit
Authors: Eltsov V. B. , Hosio J. J. , Krusius M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn rotating $$^3$$

3

He superfluids, the Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability of the AB interface has been found to follow the theoretical model above $$0.4 \, T_\textrm{c}$$

0.4

T
c

. A deviation from this dependence has been assumed possible at the lowest temperatures. Our NMR and thermal bolometer measurements down to $$0.2 \, T_\textrm{c}$$

0.2

T
c

show that the critical KH rotation velocity follows the extrapolation from higher temperatures. We interpret this to mean that the KH instability is a bulk phenomenon and is not compromised by interactions with the wall of the rotating container, although weak pinning of the interface to the wall is observed during slow sweeping of the magnetic field. The KH measurement provides the only so far existing determination of the interfacial surface tension at temperatures down to $$0.2 \, T_\textrm{c}$$

0.2

T
c

as a function of pressure.
Unbalanced Optimal Transport and Maximum Mean Discrepancies: Interconnections and Rapid Evaluation
Authors: Lakshmanan Rajmadan , Pichler Alois 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis contribution presents substantial computational advancements to compare measures even with varying masses. Specifically, we utilize the nonequispaced fast Fourier transform to accelerate the radial kernel convolution in unbalanced optimal transport approximation, built upon the Sinkhorn algorithm. We also present accelerated schemes for maximum mean discrepancies involving kernels. Our approaches reduce the arithmetic operations needed to compute distances from $${{\mathcal {O}}}\left( n^{2}\right) $$

O

n
2

to $${{{\mathcal {O}}}}\left( n \log n \right) $$

O

n
log
n

, opening the door to handle large and high-dimensional datasets efficiently. Furthermore, we establish robust connections between transportation problems, encompassing Wasserstein distance and unbalanced optimal transport, and maximum mean discrepancies. This empowers practitioners with compelling rationale to opt for adaptable distances.
Optimal Relaxed Control for a Decoupled G-FBSDE
Authors: Bouanani Hafida , Kebiri Omar , Hartmann Carsten , Redjil Amel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study a system of decoupled forward-backward stochastic differential equations driven by a G-Brownian motion (G-FBSDEs) with non-degenerate diffusion. Our objective is to establish the existence of a relaxed optimal control for a non-smooth stochastic optimal control problem. The latter is given in terms of a decoupled G-FBSDE. The cost functional is the solution of the backward stochastic differential equation at the initial time. The key idea to establish existence of a relaxed optimal control is to replace the original control problem by a suitably regularised problem with mollified coefficients, prove the existence of a relaxed control, and then pass to the limit.
What Do Community Doulas Think About the Future of the Doula Workforce?
Authors: Darvish Nika , Gómez Anu Manchikanti , Marshall Cassondra , McDonald Raichal , Rouse LaToshia , Dinsmore Lauren , Hecht Hannah , Berhanu Ruth , Rajan Grace , Sandhu Jaspal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Expanding access to doula care is a key strategy for improving the perinatal experiences and health outcomes of birthing people of color in the U.S. This study investigates the future of maternal healthcare in the U.S. from the perspective of doulas and highlights emerging technology and other opportunities related to strengthening the doula workforce.

Methods
The study recruited community doulas from 12 unique U.S. states, ensuring at least half of the doulas predominantly served communities of color. Doulas (N = 26) participated in semi-structured, futures-oriented interviews that explored their experiences providing care during the COVID-19 pandemic and utilization of technology. A subset of doulas (n = 8) were engaged in interactive workshops where they envisioned alternative futures for doula care and childbirth. Interviews and workshops were analyzed using the Framework Method.

Results
The COVID-19 pandemic heightened technology use among doulas and increased client accessibility. Social media serves as a unique space for critical community building and client outreach. Doulas reported opportunities to strengthen and mobilize the future workforce: recognizing doula care as a reimbursable service by health insurers, utilizing doula collectives for community practice to decrease burnout, increasing emotional support for doulas, and instilling a chain of learning through mentorship.

Discussion
Futures thinking served as a valuable approach for doulas to illuminate the implications of present-day challenges and empowered doulas to design roadmaps toward better futures for doulas and maternal health. Doulas should be engaged as partners to hold a meaningful decision-making role when discussing policies, employment structures, emerging technology, and other aspects of doulas’ positioning within the healthcare system.
Møller Maps for Dirac Fields in External Backgrounds
Authors: Abram Valentino , Brunetti Romeo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we study the foundations of the algebraic treatment of classical and quantum field theories for Dirac fermions under external backgrounds following the initial contributions already present in various places in the literature. The treatment is restricted to contractible spacetimes of globally hyperbolic nature in dimensions $$d\ge 4$$

d
≥
4

and to external fields modelled with trivial principal bundles. In particular, we construct the classical Møller maps intertwining the configuration spaces of charged and uncharged fermions, and we show some of its properties in the case of a U(1) gauge charge. In the last part, as a first step towards a quantization of the theory, we explore the combination of the classical Møller maps with Hadamard bidistributions and prove that they are involutive isomorphisms (algebraically and topologically) between suitable (formal) algebras of functionals (observables) over the configuration spaces of charged and uncharged Dirac fields.
Reaction mining for reaction systems
Authors: Męski Artur , Koutny Maciej , Mikulski Łukasz , Penczek Wojciech 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReaction systems are a formal model for computational processing in which reactions operate on sets of entities (molecules) providing a framework for dealing with qualitative aspects of biochemical systems. This paper is concerned with reaction systems in which entities can have discrete concentrations, and so reactions operate on multisets rather than sets of entities. The resulting framework allows one to deal with quantitative aspects of reaction systems, and a bespoke linear-time temporal logic allows one to express and verify a wide range of key behavioural system properties. In practical applications, a reaction system with discrete concentrations may only be partially specified, and the possibility of an effective automated calculation of the missing details provides an attractive design approach. With this idea in mind, the current paper discusses parametric reaction systems with parameters representing unknown parts of hypothetical reactions. The main result is a method aimed at replacing the parameters in such a way that the resulting reaction system operating in a specified external environment satisfies a given temporal logic formula.This paper provides an encoding of parametric reaction systems in smt, and outlines a synthesis procedure based on bounded model checking for solving the synthesis problem. It also reports on the initial experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of the novel synthesis method.
The CCL2-CCR4 axis promotes Regulatory T cell trafficking to canine glioma tissues
Authors: Panek W. K. , Toedebusch R. G. , Mclaughlin B. E. , Dickinson P. J. , Van Dyke J. E. , Woolard K. D. , Berens M. E. , Lesniak M. S. , Sturges B. K. , Vernau K. M. , Li C. , Miska J. , Toedebusch Christine M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Spontaneously occurring glioma in pet dogs is increasingly recognized as a valuable translational model for human glioblastoma. Canine high-grade glioma and human glioblastomas share many molecular similarities, including the accumulation of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) that inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. Identifying in dog mechanisms responsible for Treg recruitment may afford to target the cellular population driving immunosuppression, the results providing a rationale for translational clinical studies in human patients. Our group has previously identified C-C motif chemokine 2 (CCL2) as a glioma-derived T-reg chemoattractant acting on chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in a murine orthotopic glioma model. Recently, we demonstrated a robust increase of CCL2 in the brain tissue of canine patients bearing high-grade glioma.

Methods
We performed a series of in vitro experiments using canine Tregs and patient-derived canine glioma cell lines (GSC 1110, GSC 0514, J3T-Bg, G06A) to interrogate the CCL2-CCR4 signaling axis in the canine.

Results
We established a flow cytometry gating strategy for identifying and isolating FOXP3+ Tregs in dogs. The canine CD4 + CD25high T-cell population was highly enriched in FOXP3 and CCR4 expression, indicating they are bona fide Tregs. Canine Treg migration was enhanced by CCL2 or by glioma cell line-derived supernatant. Blockade of the CCL2-CCR4 axis significantly reduced migration of canine Tregs. CCL2 mRNA was expressed in all glioma cell lines, and expression increased when exposed to Tregs but not CD4 + helper T-cells.

Conclusion
Our study validates CCL2-CCR4 as a bi-directional Treg-glioma immunosuppressive and tumor-promoting axis in canine high-grade glioma.
Fluorinated PAMAM-Arginine Carrier Prodrugs for pH-Sensitive Sustained Ibuprofen Delivery
Authors: Romani Carola , Sponchioni Mattia , Volonterio Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
The development of an efficient, multifunctional drug delivery system overcoming different obstacles generally associated with drug formulations, including the poor accumulation of the active principle in the target site and its sustained release for prolonged time.

Methods
Our study proposes the development of a fluorinated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) carrier prodrug combining drug release boosted in alkaline environments with a possible implementation in 19F MRI applications. In particular, we functionalized the terminal primary amines of PAMAM G2 and G4 through an ad hoc designed fluorinated ibuprofen-arginine Michael acceptor to obtain multifunctional ibuprofen-PAMAM-Arg conjugates.

Results
These carriers demonstrated pH-dependent and sustained ibuprofen release for more than 5 days. This advantage was observed in both weak alkaline and physiological buffer solutions, allowing to overcome the limits associated to the burst release from similar fluorinated Arg-PAMAM dendrimers with ibuprofen physically encapsulated.

Conclusion
These findings, coupled to the high biocompatibility of the system, suggest a potential synergistic biomedical application of our conjugates, serving as vehicles for drug delivery and as 19F magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.
Manipulation of sward diversity is a more effective management strategy than addition of microbial inoculants in intensively managed grassland
Authors: Ikoyi Israel , Duff Aoife M. , Finn John A. , Wall David P. , Kostic Tanja , Lucic-Mercy Eva , Sessitsch Angela , Brennan Fiona 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background and aims
Diversifying grassland sward composition and application of microbial inoculants are potential alternative routes to facilitate enhanced nutrient acquisition by plants, but their relative effects have been rarely tested in grasslands. In a two-year field experiment, we investigated the impact of inoculants and sward types on forage yield, nutrient uptake, and the soil microbiome.

Methods
We implemented a fully factorial experiment with inoculants (eight levels; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN and Bacillus sp. P5 (P5), applied singly and in combination), and sward types (three levels: grass-only, grass and legume, mixture of grass, legume, and herb) as the two factors.

Results
In both years, there was a very strong effect of sward type, with the grass + legume and grass + legume + herb swards having much higher yields and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu) than grass-only. Generally, there was no effect of the inoculants on yield and nutrient uptake, with limited exceptions involving AMF + P5. The best-performing microbial inoculant increased forage yield by 597 kg/ha/year, while switching from grass-only to one of the other sward types increased forage yield by 3932 kg/ha/year (grass + legume) and 4693 kg/ha/year (grass + legume + herb). The inoculants persisted in plots for > 1 year after application. Inoculants and sward type significantly affected the overall prokaryotic and fungal community structures.

Conclusion
Overall, under controlled field plot conditions, including legumes and herbs in a grass sward proved to be a far better farm-scale management strategy for increasing grassland forage yield and nutrient uptake than the application of microbial inoculants.
How does the subjective well-being of Australian adults with a congenital corpus callosum disorder compare with that of the general Australian population?
Authors: Maxfield Maree , McVilly Keith , Devine Alexandra , Davey Christian , Jordan Helen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Very little is known about the subjective well-being (SWB) of adults with a congenital corpus callosum disorder (CCD), the extent to which they feel satisfied with their lives, and what might be helpful in improving their SWB and quality of life. This study measured SWB among Australian adults with a CCD and compared the results with normative data for the wider Australian adult population.

Methods
Online surveys were completed independently by 53 Australian adults with a CCD. Data included demographic profiles and answers to questions about satisfaction with life, employing the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) and one open ended question. Domains measured included life as a whole, standard of living, health, achieving in life, personal relationships, safety, community connectedness and future security. The PWI results were statistically analysed and means compared with Australian normative data. The qualitative data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis.

Results
Australian adults with a CCD responded with ratings significantly below what might be expected of the adult Australian population in all domains except for standard of living and safety. Quantitative analysis results were supported by qualitative thematic analysis, expressing particular challenges and barriers to feeling satisfaction with life as a whole, personal relationships, achieving in life, health and future security.

Conclusion
Evidence from the PWI and accompanying qualitative responses indicate that SWB of Australian adults with CCD is significantly reduced compared with the general population. Further research is needed to examine the lived experience and explore solutions for support of this community.
Nickel and cobalt incorporated mesoporous HZSM-5 catalysts for biofuel production from bio-oil model compounds
Authors: Karaman Birce Pekmezci 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBio-oil obtained through the gasification or pyrolysis of biomass is a renewable energy source with the potential to be used in motor vehicles. However, when the properties of bio-oil are compared to crude oil, bio-oil is observed to have high oxygen content and acidity. The aim of this study is to enhance the physical properties of bio-oil and produce new alternative fuels to crude oil. For this purpose, nickel and cobalt-incorporated mesoporous HZSM-5 catalysts have been synthesized. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy, Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis. In the study, formic acid, furfural, and hydroxypropanone were used as model components. To enhance catalyst activity, nickel was loaded onto the HZSM-5 catalyst. However, during biofuel production, a significant amount of coke was formed as a by-product. Therefore, cobalt was impregnated to reduce coke formation. In the activity test studies, a conversion in the range of 77–84% was achieved with HZSM-5 catalysts. Nickel addition increased the paraffin and olefin content in the biofuel along with bio-oil conversion. The maximum paraffin selectivity (97%) was provided with the 5Ni@HZSM-5 catalyst. However, the highest biofuel selectivity (77.5%) with the minimum coke formation (4%) was observed with the 5Co-5Ni@HZSM-5. In the study, the regeneration and long-term catalytic activity were also investigated, and the results showed that 5Co-5Ni@HZSM is an attractive catalyst for biofuel production from bio-oil.
The Pineapple as a Means to Develop Scientific Competence in the Spanish High School Diploma of Research
Authors: Pozuelo-Muñoz Jorge , Cascarosa-Salillas Esther , Alonso Esther , Barba Carmen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvery three years, the Organisation for European Cooperation and Development evaluates the scientific competence of European students. Recent results have demonstrated that scientific competence in Spain is somewhat underdeveloped, which underscores the need to apply educational methodologies that favour the development of said competence. This paper analysed the extent to which the implementation of the Spanish high school diploma of research favoured the development of the Scientific Competence of students. The students had to develop a research project, co-tutored by a secondary education teacher and a University teacher/researcher. Both professionals offered the guidance necessary to develop a project that concerned the resolution of a problem of interest. Audio and video data were collected during the 18 months of the high school programme. These data were transcribed and analysed using a rubric designed ad hoc. This assessment instrument is a relevant point of this work as long as it can be used as evaluating tool in the Scientific Competence assessment of future studies. The results revealed that the students had to make use of their knowledge of the research topic, strengthen this knowledge, substantiate the research using the scientific literature, design and develop the experimental methodology, collect, analyse and present data, and, finally, disclose these data. The results indicated high levels of development in the three sub-competences that were explored, which concluded in a high development of scientific competence.
Gender homophily and local bias in equity crowdfunding
Authors: Wang Dandan , Prokop Jörg 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigate gender-specific local biases among investors in equity crowdfunding. Based on data from a major German crowdfunding platform, we find that domestic investors favour ventures that are geographically closer to their own place of residence. This bias is particularly evident among female investors, although it is partially offset by gender homophily, whereby female investors favour companies with women in the top management team. Finally, we show that the introduction of the German Small Investor Protection Act may have exacerbated local biases in the German crowdfunding market, particularly with respect to firms with female management. Overall, our results suggest that establishing their companies in close proximity to a large number of potential female crowd investors may help improve female entrepreneurs’ chances of attracting equity crowdfunding investment.
The Experience of Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in People with Urinary Incontinence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Giardulli Benedetto , Coppola Ilaria , Testa Marco , Buccarella Ottavia , Battista Simone 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is the first primary solution to improve urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms, but many challenges stems from certain PFMT-related practices. Exploring PFMT experience will help to increase treatment satisfaction, enjoyment, and empowerment. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the experience of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in Italian people with UI. A qualitative semi-structured interview study was conducted. The interviews’ transcriptions were analysed using a constructionist epistemology lens and adopting the “Reflexive Thematic Analysis”. Sixteen Italian participants (Women N = 10, Men = 6) with UI who experienced PFMT were interviewed. Four themes were generated: (1) ‘Learn to Control the Unconscious Consciously’ as participants learned to control continence through active exercises; (2) ‘Starting PFMT, Changing Mind’ as they realised they can have an active role in managing their condition; (3) ‘Into the unknown intimacy’, as they bridged the gap in their (mis)understanding of the pelvic floor area, overcoming the discomfort linked to intimacy; (4) The Importance of Not Being Alone in this Process’, as the participants emphasised the paramount role of the physiotherapists in the healing process. To conclude, in people with UI, PFMT enhanced pelvic floor knowledge and understanding, fostering awareness, positive mindset, and symptom relief. The physiotherapist's pivotal role as an educator and empathetic guide in exercise programs, along with a preference for active exercises. Overall, our results proved that PFMT has positive consequences in people’s beliefs and mindset about and in the management of UI.