bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Portable Device to Measure Transmittance and Reflectance of Parabolic Trough Receiver Tubes in the Field
Authors: Espinosa-Rueda Guillermo , Martinez-Sanz Noelia , Izquierdo-Nuñez David , Osta-Lombardo Marta 
Published: October 2014

The performance of parabolic trough (PT) receiver tubes (RT) has a direct impact on concentrated solar power (CSP) plant production. As a result, one major need of operation and maintenance (O&M) in operating plants is to monitor the state of the receiver tube as a key element in the solar field. In order to fulfill this necessity, Abengoa Solar has developed the first existing portable device for measuring transmittance and reflectance of parabolic trough receiver tubes directly in the field. This paper offers a description of the technical features of the instrument and reviews the issues related to its usability as a workable portable device in operating solar fields. To evaluate its performance, laboratory studies have been carried out using two patterns to determine the accuracy and standard deviation of the measurements, obtaining excellent results.
This information is complemented with data collected by O&M using this instrument in solar power plants. Studies have been carried out to determine the effect of both rainfall and artificial cleaning on the increase of transmittance. These values are then compared to those obtained from hand-cleaning and show important differences. The results are discussed in this paper.
Integrated Computational and Experimental Framework on Advanced Flow Battery for Renewable Power Plant Applications
Authors: Listenbee Ryan , Jeong Kwangkook , McCann Roy 
Published: October 2014

A study has been conducted to develop advanced vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) for renewable energy storage applications using integrated computational and experimental framework. Analytical modeling has been performed to predict electrical outputs based on combined approach including fluid mechanics, electrochemistry, and electric circuit. A lab-scale experimental setup has been designed and built to validate the modeling results.
The VRFB project has been collaborated between Arkansas State University Jonesboro and University of Arkansas Fayetteville to focus on pin pointing the transient characteristics of the vanadium redox flow battery in terms of chemical reaction, fluid flow, and electric circuit by obtaining exact solutions from the associated governing differential equations using a numerical approach. To obtain comparable experimental data, a test bed made of two half cells is constructed and joined together by a permeable membrane designed to facilitate ion transfer between two separate vanadium electrolytes, and then the system will be scaled up to multiple cell stacks.
This research aims to better understand the transient characteristics of the VRFB in order to refine the system in hopes of improving efficiency. In turn alternative energy such as multi megawatt wind and solar farms should gain more support as the ability to store energy becomes more reliable and economically feasible. This paper will focus on the steps taken to validate the supporting mathematical models, and the preliminary results of the tests conducted using the VRFB test bed. Future work will be addressed to develop a pilot-scale VRFB with enhanced efficiency and temperature limits.
Computational Analysis of Particulate Storage Bin for High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Roop Jonathan , Jeter Sheldon , Al-Ansary Hany , El-Leathy Abdelrahman , Abdel-Khalik Said I. 
Published: October 2014

The Riyadh Techno Valley Solar Tower, an innovative type of concentrator solar power plant, is being developed by King Saud University (KSU) and Georgia Tech (GT). The facility is being constructed at the Riyadh Techno Valley development near the KSU campus and will store thermal energy collected from the sun in solid particles, which can be heated to higher temperatures than is currently possible using molten salts. The particles must be well insulated to stop energy loss to the environment. Hence, GT and KSU have incorporated an insulated storage bin into the plant design.
The bin will be constructed in several layers: an inner layer of firebrick, which can endure direct exposure to the heated particles; a specially prepared refractory insulating concrete, which maintains good insulating value at high temperatures; and a conventional structural concrete shell surrounding the entire bin. This paper presents a thermal analysis of this storage device and discusses structural analyses. Simplified analytical solutions are compared with the finite element results from a 3D ANSYS model of the entire bin. A temperature distribution is obtained, and heat loss through the bin is also evaluated.
Modeling of rebar and concrete cracking are described, and methods of reducing stress on the outer concrete shell are considered. Structural support for an access tunnel into the bin is also explored. The current tunnel design involves a material with a relatively high thermal conductivity, necessitating modifications to the bin. Finally, material selection is considered, particularly with regard to the insulating concrete layer. Limitations on the use of Portland cement based insulating concretes are discussed, and alternative base materials are evaluated.
Sintering of Solid Particulates Under Elevated Temperature and Pressure in Large Storage Bins for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Knott R. C. , Sadowski D. L. , Jeter S. M. , Abdel-Khalik S. I. , Al-Ansary H. A. , El-Leathy Abdelrahman 
Published: October 2014

This research is a part of the DOE-funded SunShot project on “High Temperature Falling Particle Receiver.” Storing thermal energy using solid particulates is a way to mitigate the time of day dependency of concentrated solar power. Small particles may be stored easily, and can be used as a heat transfer medium to transfer heat to the power cycle working fluid through a heat exchanger. This study examines the physical characteristics of solid particulates of different materials kept inside large storage containers. Particle behavior at the expected high temperatures of the concentrated solar power cycle combined with the elevated pressure experienced within the storage container must be evaluated to assess the impact on their physical properties and ensure that the particles would not sinter thereby impacting flow through the system components particularly the receiver and heat exchanger. Sintering is a process of fusing two or more particles together to form a larger agglomerate. In the proposed concentrated solar power tower design, particles will experience temperatures from 600°C to 1000°C. The increase in temperature changes the physical characteristics of the particle, along with any impurities that could form particle to particle bonds. In addition, the hydrostatic pressure exerted on particles stored inside a storage unit increases the probability of sintering. Thus, it is important to examine the characteristics of particles under elevated temperatures and pressures.
The experimental procedure involves heating particulates of a known mass and size distribution to temperatures between 600°C and 1000°C inside a crucible. As the temperature is held constant, the particulate sample is pressed upon by a piston pushing into the crucible with a known constant pressure. This process is repeated for different temperatures and pressures for varying lengths of time. The resulting particulates are cooled, and their size distribution is measured to determine the extent of sintering, if any, during the experiment. The particulates tested include various types of sand, along with alumina particles. The data from this experiment will allow designers of storage bins for the solid particulates to determine when significant sintering is expected to occur.
Development of the Renewable Energy Deployment and Display (REDD) Facility at the Desert Research Institute
Authors: Damm Christopher , Strobach Elise , Robbins Curtis , Broch Amber , Turner Robert , Hoekman S. Kent 
Published: October 2014

The Desert Research Institute (DRI) has developed a Renewable Energy Deployment and Display (REDD) Facility as an off-grid capable facility for exploration of integration, control, and optimization of distributed energy resources (DER) with an emphasis on solar and wind energy. The primary goal of the facility is to help grow DRI’s capabilities and expertise in areas of renewable energy research, development, demonstration, and deployment. The facility is powered by four solar PV arrays (6 kW total) and two wind turbines (3 kW total) during off-grid operation. Energy storage is achieved via two 2.5 m3 hydrogen storage tanks and a 9 kWh battery bank. The hydrogen is produced via a 5 kW electrolyzer and is used to fuel an internal combustion engine (ICE) with an alternator when needed.
The REDD Facility consists of a 111.5 m2 residence and a 56 m2 workshop. The REDD House features over 37 m2 of solar thermal collectors used to provide hot water to either a 15.9 kW heat exchanger or a 17.6 kW absorption chiller. The REDD Workshop features a 54 m2 solar collector air heater and thermal storage via water and air in the floor. Also housed in the REDD Workshop is a modified 3-cylinder 950cc naturally aspirated renewable gas engine connected to a 5 kW generator to be used for future biomass-related research.
Future research at the REDD Facility will include continued investigation into the use and regulation of site-built solar air collectors, solar cooling technologies, and the advancement of hydrogen as energy storage for residential applications. The facility is also continually used for education and outreach purposes. Lastly, DRI encourages the use of the REDD Facility as a test bench for new technologies; whether for proof of concept or demonstration.
Self-Cleaning Solar Mirrors Using Electrodynamic Dust Shield: Prospects and Progress
Authors: Mazumder Malay K. , Horenstein Mark N. , Stark Jeremy W. , Hudelson John N. , Sayyah Arash , Joglekar Nitin , Yellowhair Julius , Botts Adam 
Published: October 2014

Parabolic trough and power tower technologies provide inherent advantage of thermal energy storage and high efficiency of the Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems for utility scale solar plants. High efficiency CSP power generation with minimal water use is one of the SunShot goals of the US Department of Energy. The specular reflectance efficiency of the solar mirrors plays a critical role in the efficiency of power generation. The optical surface of the mirrors and the receiver must be kept clean for efficient operation of the plant. Some environmental challenges in operating the large-scale CSP plants at high reflectance efficiency arise from high concentration of atmospheric dust, wind speed and variation of relative humidity (RH) over a wide range. Deposited dust and other contaminant particles, such as soot, salt, and organic particulate matters attenuate solar radiation by scattering and absorption. Adhesion of these particles on the mirror surface depends strongly by their composition and the moisture content in the atmosphere. Presence of soluble inorganic and organic salts cause corrosion of the mirror unless the contaminants are cleaned frequently.
In this paper, we briefly review (1) source of atmospheric dust and mechanisms involved in degradation of mirrors caused by salt particles, (2) loss of specular reflection efficiency as a function of particle size distribution and composition, and (3) an emerging technology for removing dust layer by using thin transparent electrodynamic screen (EDS). Feasibility of integration of EDS on the front surface of the solar collectors has been established to provide active self-cleaning properties for parabolic trough and heliostat reflectors.
Prototype EDS-integrated solar collectors including second-surface glass mirrors, metallized acrylic film mirrors, and dielectric mirrors, were produced and tested in an environmental test chambers simulating desert atmospheres. The test results show that frequent removal of dust layer can maintain the specular reflectivity of the mirrors above 90% under dust deposition at a rate ranging from 0 to 10 g/m2, with particle size varying from 1 to 50 μm in diameter. The energy required for removing the dust layer from the solar was less than 10 Wh/m2 per cleaning cycle. EDS based cleaning could therefore be automated and performed as frequently as needed to maintain reflection efficiency above 90% and thus reducing water usage for cleaning mirrors in the solar field. A comparative cost analysis was performed between EDS and deluge water based cleaning that shows the EDS method is commercially viable and would meet water conservation needs.
Effect of respiratory motion on internal radiation dosimetry
Authors: Xie Tianwu , Zaidi Habib 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:Estimation of the radiation dose to internal organs is essential for the assessment of radiation risks and benefits to patients undergoing diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine procedures including PET. Respiratory motion induces notable internal organ displacement, which influences the absorbed dose for external exposure to radiation. However, to their knowledge, the effect of respiratory motion on internal radiation dosimetry has never been reported before.Methods:Thirteen computational models representing the adult male at different respiratory phases corresponding to the normal respiratory cycle were generated from the 4D dynamic XCAT phantom. Monte Carlo calculations were performed using the mcnp transport code to estimate the specific absorbed fractions (SAFs) of monoenergetic photons/electrons, the S‐values of common positron‐emitting radionuclides (C‐11, N‐13, O‐15, F‐18, Cu‐64, Ga‐68, Rb‐82, Y‐86, and I‐124), and the absorbed dose of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) in 28 target regions for both the static (average of dynamic frames) and dynamic phantoms.Results:The self‐absorbed dose for most organs/tissues is only slightly influenced by respiratory motion. However, for the lung, the self‐absorbed SAF is about 11.5% higher at the peak exhale phase than the peak inhale phase for photon energies above 50 keV. The cross‐absorbed dose is obviously affected by respiratory motion for many combinations of source‐target pairs. The cross‐absorbed S‐values for the heart contents irradiating the lung are about 7.5% higher in the peak exhale phase than the peak inhale phase for different positron‐emitting radionuclides. For 18F‐FDG, organ absorbed doses are less influenced by respiratory motion.Conclusions:Respiration‐induced volume variations of the lungs and the repositioning of internal organs affect the self‐absorbed dose of the lungs and cross‐absorbed dose between organs in internal radiation dosimetry. The dynamic anatomical model provides more accurate internal radiation dosimetry estimates for the lungs and abdominal organs based on realistic modeling of respiratory motion. This work also contributes to a better understanding of model‐induced uncertainties in internal radiation dosimetry.
First Genome Sequence of Potential Mycotoxin-Degrading Bacterium
Devosia nanyangense
DDB001
Authors: Onyango Mark , Wang Yang , Nickel Ole , Zhao Chen , Zhang Xiaolin , Hartke Axel , Hemberger Juergen , Cemic Franz 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Devosia
sp. nov. DDB001, isolated from mycotoxin-contaminated soil, is a potential mycotoxin-degrading alphaproteobacterium. To our knowledge, this is the first draft genome announcement of a
Devosia
species.
First Genome Sequence of a Canine Distemper Virus Strain from South America
Authors: Sarute Nicolás , Delgado María V. , Carrau Lucía , Benech Alejandro , Francia Lourdes , Pérez Ruben , Panzera Yanina 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Canine distemper virus causes a severe infectious disease in carnivores worldwide. Herein, we sequenced and analyzed the genome of a new strain (Uy251/2012) isolated from a dog in Uruguay. The Uy251/2012 strain belongs to the Europe1/South America1 lineage, and constitutes the first report of a genomic sequence in South America.
Whole-Genome
Yersinia
sp. Assemblies from 10 Diverse Strains
Authors: Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Broomall S. M. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Gibbons H. S. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Lo C.-C. , Munk C. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Rosenzweig C. N. , Scholz M. B. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Yersinia
spp. are animal pathogens, some of which cause human disease. We sequenced 10
Yersinia
isolates (from six species:
Yersinia enterocolitica
,
Y. fredericksenii
,
Y. kristensenii
,
Y. pestis
,
Y. pseudotuberculosis
, and
Y. ruckeri
) to high-quality draft or complete status. The genomes range in size from 3.77 to 4.94 Mbp.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Oral Spirochete Bacterium Treponema putidum Strain OMZ 758
T
(ATCC 700334
T
)
Authors: Lacap-Bugler Donnabella C. , Jiang Jingwei , Huo Yong-Biao , Chan Yuki , Leung Frederick C. , Watt Rory M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The oral spirochete bacterium
Treponema putidum
inhabits human periodontal niches. The complete genome sequence of the OMZ 758
T
(ATCC 700334
T
) strain of this species was determined, revealing a 2,796,913-bp chromosome, with a G+C content of 37.30% and a single plasmid (pTPu1; 3,649 bp) identical to pTS1 from
Treponema denticola
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Enteritidis Strain SEJ
Authors: Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Frey K. G. , Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Chertkov O. , Freitas T. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Minogue T. D. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Xu Y. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
constitutes a group of enteric pathogens with a broad host range, including humans, reptiles, and birds.
S. enterica
subsp.
enterica
is a common cause of inflammatory diarrhea in humans. We present the draft genome of
S. enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Enteritidis strain SEJ, including a 59-kbp plasmid.
Draft Genome Sequence of Geobacillus icigianus Strain G1w1
T
Isolated from Hot Springs in the Valley of Geysers, Kamchatka (Russian Federation)
Authors: Bryanskaya Alla V. , Rozanov Aleksey S. , Logacheva Maria D. , Kotenko Anastasia V. , Peltek Sergey E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The
Geobacillus icigianus
G1w1
T
strain was isolated from sludge samples of unnamed vaporing hydrothermal (97°С) outlets situated in a geyser in the Troinoy region (Valley of Geysers, Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Kamchatka, Russian Federation; 54°25′51.40″N, 160°7′41.40″E). The sequenced and annotated genome is 3,457,810 bp and encodes 3,342 genes.
Gv20-Based Acupuncture for Animal Models of Acute Intracerebral Haemorrhage: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Hui-qin , Li Ji-huang , Liu Ai-ju , Ye Mai-yun , Zheng Guo-qing 
Published: October 2014

Background Spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating subtype of stroke, but there is currently no evidence-based treatment strategy. Acupuncture is a well-known traditional Chinese therapy for stroke-induced disability, and GV20 is the commonly used acupuncture point. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of GV20-based acupuncture in animal models of acute ICH. Methods Studies of GV20-based acupuncture in animal models of acute ICH were identified from six databases up to July 2013. Study quality for each included article was evaluated according to the CAMARADES 10-item checklist. Outcome measures were neurological deficit scores and brain water content. All the data were analysed using RevMan V.5.1 software. Results Nineteen studies were identified describing procedures involving 1628 animals. The quality score of the studies ranged from 3 to 6, with a mean of 4.6. The global estimate of the effect of GV20-based acupuncture was 0.19 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.25, p<0.001) SDs improvement in outcome compared with controls. In subgroup analyses, size of effect was higher where the outcome was measured as the neurological deficit score than the brain water content or both (p<0.001). Conclusions These findings show the possible efficacy of GV20-based acupuncture in animal models of acute ICH, suggesting it as a candidate therapy for acute ICH.
Using the wisdom of the crowds to find critical errors in biomedical ontologies: a study of SNOMED CT
Authors: Mortensen Jonathan M , Minty Evan P , Januszyk Michael , Sweeney Timothy E , Rector Alan L , Noy Natalya F , Musen Mark A 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objectives The verification of biomedical ontologies is an arduous process that typically involves peer review by subject-matter experts. This work evaluated the ability of crowdsourcing methods to detect errors in SNOMED CT (Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms) and to address the challenges of scalable ontology verification.
Methods We developed a methodology to crowdsource ontology verification that uses micro-tasking combined with a Bayesian classifier. We then conducted a prospective study in which both the crowd and domain experts verified a subset of SNOMED CT comprising 200 taxonomic relationships.
Results The crowd identified errors as well as any single expert at about one-quarter of the cost. The inter-rater agreement (κ) between the crowd and the experts was 0.58; the inter-rater agreement between experts themselves was 0.59, suggesting that the crowd is nearly indistinguishable from any one expert. Furthermore, the crowd identified 39 previously undiscovered, critical errors in SNOMED CT (eg, ‘septic shock is a soft-tissue infection’).
Discussion The results show that the crowd can indeed identify errors in SNOMED CT that experts also find, and the results suggest that our method will likely perform well on similar ontologies. The crowd may be particularly useful in situations where an expert is unavailable, budget is limited, or an ontology is too large for manual error checking. Finally, our results suggest that the online anonymous crowd could successfully complete other domain-specific tasks.
Conclusions We have demonstrated that the crowd can address the challenges of scalable ontology verification, completing not only intuitive, common-sense tasks, but also expert-level, knowledge-intensive tasks.
Toward a science of learning systems: a research agenda for the high-functioning Learning Health System
Authors: Friedman Charles , Rubin Joshua , Brown Jeffrey , Buntin Melinda , Corn Milton , Etheredge Lynn , Gunter Carl , Musen Mark , Platt Richard , Stead William , Sullivan Kevin , Van Houweling Douglas 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Objective The capability to share data, and harness its potential to generate knowledge rapidly and inform decisions, can have transformative effects that improve health. The infrastructure to achieve this goal at scale—marrying technology, process, and policy—is commonly referred to as the Learning Health System (LHS). Achieving an LHS raises numerous scientific challenges.
Materials and methods The National Science Foundation convened an invitational workshop to identify the fundamental scientific and engineering research challenges to achieving a national-scale LHS. The workshop was planned by a 12-member committee and ultimately engaged 45 prominent researchers spanning multiple disciplines over 2 days in Washington, DC on 11–12 April 2013.
Results The workshop participants collectively identified 106 research questions organized around four system-level requirements that a high-functioning LHS must satisfy. The workshop participants also identified a new cross-disciplinary integrative science of cyber-social ecosystems that will be required to address these challenges.
Conclusions The intellectual merit and potential broad impacts of the innovations that will be driven by investments in an LHS are of great potential significance. The specific research questions that emerged from the workshop, alongside the potential for diverse communities to assemble to address them through a ‘new science of learning systems’, create an important agenda for informatics and related disciplines.