bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaloid profiling of the new species Corydalis huangshanensis and other 13 medicinal plants in genus Corydalis
Authors: Zhang Haiwen , Chu Shanshan , Jiang Lu , Chan Qingyun , Zhang Zhenyu , Cheng Ming'en 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionCorydalis DC., the largest genus of Papaveraceae, comprises numerous species known for their abundant alkaloid content and historical use in clinical medicine. Recently, a new species of genus Corydalis named Corydalis huangshanensis Lu Q. Huang & H. S. Peng was discovered in the Huangshan Mountains of Anhui Province, China.ObjectiveTo compare the chemical characteristics of C. huangshanensis and other 13 Corydalis species, aiming to elucidate the potential medicinal value of this new species.Materials and MethodsThe chemical constituents of C. huangshanensis and other 13 medicinal plants of genus Corydalis were analyzed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography Q‐Exactive Plus hybrid quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Q‐Orbitrap) mass technology. The differences in the alkaloids in the 14 species were distinguished by chemometrics.ResultsThe mass spectrometry fragmentation information and relative content of 72 alkaloids were obtained. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) and cluster heat mapping analysis showed that these 14 species were divided into two groups. The clustering relationship between C. huangshanensis and C. decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. was similar, exhibiting similar chemical compositions and characteristics. These results indicate the potential pharmacological effects of C. huangshanensis.ConclusionThis study enhances our understanding of the chemical classification of Corydalis and provides a basis for speculations on the medicinal value of C. huangshanensis.
Conscious vision in blindness: A new perceptual phenomenon implemented on the “wrong” side of the brain
Authors: Bao Yan , Zhou Bin , Yu Xinchi , Mao Lihua , Gutyrchik Evgeny , Paolini Marco , Logothetis Nikos , Pöppel Ernst 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatients with lesions in the visual cortex are blind in corresponding regions of the visual field, but they still may process visual information, a phenomenon referred to as residual vision or “blindsight”. Here we report behavioral and fMRI observations with a patient who reports conscious vision across an extended area of blindness for moving, but not for stationary stimuli. This completion effect is shown to be of perceptual and not of conceptual origin, most likely mediated by spared representations of the visual field in the striate cortex. The neural output to extra‐striate areas from regions of the deafferented striate cortex is apparently still intact; this is, for instance, indicated by preserved size constancy of visually completed stimuli. Neural responses as measured with fMRI reveal an activation only for moving stimuli, but importantly on the ipsilateral side of the brain. In a conceptual model this shift of activation to the “wrong” hemisphere is explained on the basis of an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory interactions within and between the striate cortices due to the brain injury. The observed neuroplasticity indicated by this shift together with the behavioral observations provide important new insights into the functional architecture of the human visual system and provide new insight into the concept of consciousness.
Long‐Term Safety of Teriflunomide in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: Results of Prospective Comparative Studies in Three European Countries
Authors: Magyari Melinda , Koechlin Alice , Duclos Antoine , Kopp Tine Iskov , Allaoui El Maâti , Polazzi Stephanie , Seeldrayers Pierrette , Autier Philippe 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesTeriflunomide is a disease‐modifying therapy (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS). This post authorisation safety study assessed risks of adverse events of special interest (AESI) associated with teriflunomide use.MethodsSecondary use of individual data from the Danish MS Registry (DMSR), the French National Health Data System (SNDS), the Belgian national database of health care claims (AIM‐IMA) and the Belgian Treatments in MS Registry (Beltrims). We included patients treated with a DMT at the date of teriflunomide reimbursement or initiating another DMT. Adjusted hazard rates (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals were derived from Cox models with time‐dependent exposure comparing teriflunomide treatment with another DMT.ResultsOf 81 620 patients (72% women) included in the cohort, 22 324 (27%) were treated with teriflunomide. After a median follow‐up of 4 years, teriflunomide use compared to other DMT was not associated with a risk of all‐cause mortality, severe infection, pneumoniae, herpes zoster reactivation, pancreatitis, cardiovascular condition and cancers. For opportunistic infections, aHR for teriflunomide versus other DMT was 2.4 (1.2–4.8) in SNDS, which was not bound to a particular opportunistic agent. The aHR was 2.0 (1.1–3.7) for renal failures in the SNDS, but no association was found in other data sources. A total of 187 SNDS patients had a history of renal failure prior to cohort entry. None of these patients (0%) had a renal failure recurrence when treated with teriflunomide for 19 (13%) recurrences reported for patients on another DMT.DiscussionWe found no evidence that teriflunomide use would be associated with an increased risk of AESI.Trial Registration EUPAS register: EU PAS 19610.
Kann Kernenergie zur Energiewende beitragen?
Authors: Kleidon Axel , Lesch Harald 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Vergleich zu erneuerbaren Energien sind Kernkraftwerke deutlich teurer in den Stromgestehungskosten. Pro Kilowatt Leistung sind Kernkraftwerke zudem über die letzten Jahrzehnte immer teurer geworden, während die Erneuerbaren immer günstiger wurden. Außerdem wird durch das variable Einspeisen aus Sonne und Wind die verbleibende Netzlast geringer, die noch gedeckt werden muss. Die verbleibenden Lücken in der Stromerzeugung lassen sich gut durch Gaskraftwerke schließen. Diese haben wesentlich geringere Investitionskosten als Kernkraftwerke. Sollten die gegenwärtigen Trends bei der Wasserverfügbarkeit im Zuge des Klimawandels anhalten, dann könnte zudem der Mangel an Kühlwasser den Beitrag von thermischen Kraftwerken an der Stromerzeugung einschränken, vor allem in den trockenen Sommermonaten. Insbesondere die Kernenergie steht also vor zwei Problemen: Sie ist sehr teuer und bietet in künftigen, trockenen Sommern keine Versorgungssicherheit mehr.
Synthesis of isotope‐substituted conjugated ladder polymers
Authors: Leng Mingwan , Cao Zhiqiang , Ma Guorong , Cao Yirui , Hays Megan , Gu Xiaodan , Fang Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConjugated ladder polymers (cLPs) represent an intriguing class of macromolecules, characterized by their multi‐stranded structure, with continuous fused π‐conjugated rings forming the backbone. Isotope substitution, such as deuteration and carbon‐13 labeling, offers unique approaches to address the significant challenges associated with elucidating the structure and solution phase dynamics of these polymers. For instance, selective deuteration can highlight parts of the polymer by controlling the scattering length density of specific molecular sections, thereby enhancing the contrast for neutron scattering experiments. In this context, deuteration of side‐chains in cLPs represents a promising approach to uncover the elusive polymer physics properties of their backbone. The synthesis of two distinct types of cLPs with perdeuterated side‐chains are reported here. During the synthesis, 13C isotope labeling was also employed to verify the low levels of defects in the synthesized polymers. Demonstrating these synthetic successes lays the foundation for rigorous characterization of the defects, conformation, and dynamics of cLPs.
A study of tiamulin removal by nanosecond pulsed gas–liquid discharge underwater
Authors: Liu Yang , Liang Jianping , Wang Hongli , Lu Ke , Zhou Zikai , Shen Hongwei , Xu Yihao , Yang Kun , Yang Dezheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, gas–liquid discharge plasma excited by nanosecond pulsed voltage is used to efficiently remove tiamulin (TIA) from water. The discharge produces a large number of reactive species (H2O2, OH radicals, NO3−, etc.) that can attack the TIA molecules. The effects of peak pulse voltage, initial TIA concentration, gas composition, and the addition of ferrous sulfate and persulfate on TIA removal were mainly investigated. The results showed that the oxygen plasma could approach 100% removal within 30 min of treatment time. The addition of the catalyst increased the TIA removal efficiency by approximately 15% during the 10‐min discharge treatment time. The toxicity of 12 intermediates was analyzed and the degradation mechanism of TIA was investigated.
Chondroitin Sulfate‐Modified Hydroxyapatite for Caspase‐1 Activated Induced Pyroptosis through Ca Overload/ER Stress/STING/IRF3 Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Qing , Peng Bin , Lin Lifan , Chen Jiawen , Jiang Zhaojun , Luo Yuanwei , Huang Liyong , Li Jin , Peng Yuping , Wu Jiaming , Li Wei , Zhuang Kangmin , Liang Min 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors, are the fourth most common therapeutic tool after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a small proportion (≈5%) of CRC patients, those with “hot” (immuno‐activated) tumors, benefit from the therapy. Pyroptosis, an innovative form of programmed cell death, is a potentially effective means to mediate a “cold” to “hot” transformation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Calcium‐releasing hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanoparticles (NPs) trigger calcium overload and pyroptosis in tumor cells. However, current limitations of these nanomedicines, such as poor tumor‐targeting capabilities and insufficient calcium (Ca) ion release, limit their application. In this study, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is used to target tumors via binding to CD44 receptors and kaempferol (KAE) is used as a Ca homeostasis disruptor to construct CS‐HAP@KAE NPs that function as pyroptosis inducers in CRC cells. CS‐HAP@KAE NPs bind to the tumor cell membrane, HAP released Ca in response to the acidic environment of the TME, and kaempferol (KAE) enhances the influx of extracellular Ca, resulting in intracellular Ca overload and pyroptosis. This is associated with excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered activation of the stimulator of interferon genes/interferon regulatory factor 3 pathway, ultimately transforming the TME from “cold” to “hot”.
Toward Scalable Electrochemical Exfoliation of Molybdenum Disulfide Powder through an Accessible Electrode Design
Authors: Wilson Nicholas David , Ozhukil Valappil Manila , Martin Barbara Y. , Siu Teri , Pennings Joel , Mackintosh Mira , Almadhoun Mahmoud N. , Ouyang Jianying , Graddage Neil , Pope Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCathodic electrochemical intercalation/exfoliation of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with bulky tetraalkylammonium‐based cations is gaining popularity as it avoids the semiconducting (2H) to metallic (1T) phase transformation in TMDs like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and, generally, produces sheets with a larger aspect ratio – important for achieving conformal sheet‐to‐sheet contact in optoelectronic devices. Large single crystals are typically used as the precursor, but these are expensive, often inaccessible, and result in limited quantities of material. In this paper, a 3D‐printable electrochemical cell capable of intercalating gram‐scale quantities of commercially available TMD powders is presented. By incorporating a reference electrode in the cell and physically restraining the powder with a spring‐loaded mechanism, the system can probe the intercalation electrochemistry, for example, determining the onset of intercalation to be near −2.5 V versus the ferrocene redox couple. While the extent of intercalation depends on precursor quantity and reaction time, a high yield of exfoliated product can be obtained exhibiting average aspect ratios as high as 49 ± 44 similar to values obtained by crystal intercalation. The intercalation and exfoliation of a wide variety of pelletized commercial powders including molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), tungsten diselenide (WSe2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), and graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) are also demonstrated.
A Framework and Taxonomy for Characterizing the Applicability of Software Architecture Recovery Approaches: A Tertiary‐Mapping Study
Authors: Qayum Abdul , Zhang Mengqi , Colreavy Simon , Chochlov Muslim , Buckley Jim , Lin Dayi , Sai Ashish Rajendra 
Published: July 2024

SummarySoftware architecture assists developers in addressing non‐functional requirements and in maintaining, debugging, and upgrading their software systems. Consequently, consistency between the designed architecture and the implemented software system itself is important; without this consistency the non‐functional requirements targeted may not be addressed and architectural documentation may mis‐direct maintenance efforts that target the associated code‐base. But often, when software is initially implemented or subsequently evolved, the designed architecture and software architecture become inconsistent, with the implemented structure degraded due to issues like developer time‐pressures, or ambiguous communication of the designed architecture. In such cases, Software Architecture Recovery (SAR) or consistency approaches can be applied to reconstruct the architecture of the software system and possibly to compare it to/re‐align it with the designed architecture. Many SAR approaches have been proposed in the research. However, choosing an appropriate architecture recovery approach for software systems is still an open issue. Consequently, this research aims to conduct a tertiary‐mapping study based on available secondary studies of architecture recovery approaches, to uncover important characteristics, towards the selection of appropriate SAR approaches. This research has aggregated 13 secondary studies and 10 primary studies beyond 2020 from 5 databases and, in doing so, identified 111 architecture recovery approaches. Based on these approaches, a taxonomy, containing nine main SAR‐selection categories is proposed and a framework (in the form of a supporting tool to help developers select an appropriate SAR approach) has been developed. Finally, this research identifies six potential open research gaps related to the underlying research that could be helpful for guiding research in the future.
Sign‐flip inference for spatial regression with differential regularisation
Authors: Cavazzutti Michele , Arnone Eleonora , Ferraccioli Federico , Galimberti Cristina , Finos Livio , Sangalli Laura M. 
Published: July 2024

SummaryWe address the problem of performing inference on the linear and nonlinear terms of a semiparametric spatial regression model with differential regularisation. For the linear term, we propose a new resampling procedure, based on (partial) sign‐flipping of an appropriate transformation of the residuals of the model. The proposed resampling scheme can mitigate the bias effect induced by the differential regularisation. We prove that the proposed test is asymptotically exact. Moreover, we show, by simulation studies, that it enjoys very good control of Type‐I error also in small sample scenarios, differently from parametric alternatives. Additionally, we show that the proposed test has higher power with respect than recently proposed nonparametric tests on the linear term of semiparametric regression models with differential regularisation. Concerning the nonlinear term, we develop three different inference approaches: a parametric one and two nonparametric alternatives. The nonparametric tests are based on a sign‐flip approach. One of these is proved to be asymptotically exact, while the other is proved to be exact also for finite samples. Simulation studies highlight the good control of Type‐I error of the nonparametric approaches with respect the parametric test, while retaining high power.
Investigating the Impact of Microplastics Type of Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene on Seed Germination and Early Growth of Rice Plants
Authors: Iswahyudi Iswahyudi , Widodo Wahyu , Warkoyo Warkoyo , Sutanto Adi , Garfansa Marchel Putra , Mujiyanti Wahyu Alvina , Sholeh Mohammad Shoimus 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTMicroplastics (MPs), which are emerging pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems, could potentially impact plant growth. One of the least explored aspects of crop development is seed germination, a crucial stage in the plant's lifecycle. This study conducted soil cultivation trials to investigate the effects of 1% (w/w) concentrations of polyethylene (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) MPs on rice growth over a 15‐day period. Parameters such as fresh weight, shoot height, root length, chlorophyll levels, and MPs identification in the roots were observed. The findings revealed the accumulation of 6–9 MP items in the roots. PET MPs inhibited root elongation (15%–20%), reduced shoot height (15%–30%), and decreased rice fresh weight (12%–37%). MPs PET, PP, and PS contamination reduced the content of chlorophyll a (15%–43%), b (21%–41%), and total (11%–40%) in rice leaves. This study enhances our understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of these three types of MPs on rice. The utilization of this data will further inform our understanding of MPs' behavior in soil vegetation and provide valuable insights into their land‐based impacts.
Pituitary apoplexy is associated with concurrent or subsequent diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Douglas Jennifer E. , Salmon Mandy K. , Kshirsagar Rijul S. , Eide Jacob G. , White Caitlin , Kharlip Julia , Jackson Christina , Lee John Y. K. , Yoshor Daniel , Kohanski Michael A. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivePituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare condition caused by hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland with associated risk of cranial neuropathies, endocrinopathies, and even death. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been shown to have some association with pituitary apoplexy, however, large‐scale studies have not been performed.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of subjects greater than 18 years of age was performed using the national TriNetX database. The general population was first compared with those undergoing treatment for PA to compare general demographics and incidence of HIV. The PA cohort was then substratified by HIV status and propensity matched by age and sex to evaluate differences in visual outcomes and endocrine metrics. Using the diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy as an index event, the rate of HIV diagnosis at the time of presentation or in the three months following treatment was calculated. Two‐tailed, unpaired t‐tests were performed.ResultsA total 2066 patients were identified (902 HIV, 1158 controls). Those with HIV showed an increased rate of pituitary apoplexy (odds ratio [OR]: 19.8) versus healthy adults and were more likely to be younger and male. Among patients treated for pituitary apoplexy, patients with HIV were more likely to have increased thyroid stimulating hormone, reduced T4, and increased prolactin compared with healthy controls. There were no significant differences in visual outcomes between HIV positive and control patients. Importantly, 74% of patients did not carry a diagnosis of HIV on presentation but were diagnosed at the time of or in the three months following treatment for pituitary apoplexy.ConclusionsDiagnosis and treatment of pituitary apoplexy shows a high rate of concurrent or subsequent diagnosis of HIV. Screening for HIV should be considered in patients undergoing treatment for pituitary apoplexy.
Relational bulk reconstruction from modular flow
Authors: Parrikar Onkar , Rajgadia Harshit , Singh Vivek , Sorce Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The entanglement wedge reconstruction paradigm in AdS/CFT states that for a bulk qudit within the entanglement wedge of a boundary subregion $$ \overline{A} $$

A
¯

, operators acting on the bulk qudit can be reconstructed as CFT operators on $$ \overline{A} $$

A
¯

. This naturally fits within the framework of quantum error correction, with the CFT states containing the bulk qudit forming a code protected against the erasure of the boundary subregion A. In this paper, we set up and study a framework for relational bulk reconstruction in holography: given two code subspaces both protected against erasure of the boundary region A, the goal is to relate the operator reconstructions between the two spaces. To accomplish this, we assume that the two code subspaces are smoothly connected by a one-parameter family of codes all protected against the erasure of A, and that the maximally-entangled states on these codes are all full-rank. We argue that such code subspaces can naturally be constructed in holography in a “measurement-based” setting. In this setting, we derive a flow equation for the operator reconstruction of a fixed code subspace operator using modular theory which can, in principle, be integrated to relate the reconstructed operators all along the flow. We observe a striking resemblance between our formulas for relational bulk reconstruction and the infinite-time limit of Connes cocycle flow, and take some steps towards making this connection more rigorous. We also provide alternative derivations of our reconstruction formulas in terms of a canonical reconstruction map we call the modular reflection operator.
Charge (in)stability and superradiance of Topological Stars
Authors: Cipriani Andrea , Di Benedetto Carlo , Di Russo Giorgio , Grillo Alfredo , Sudano Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study linear massive scalar charged perturbations of Topological Stars in the fuzzball and in the black hole (Black String) regimes. The objects that naturally couple to the electric 3-form field strength of these solutions are charged strings, wound around the compact direction. We explore the possibility of instabilities of these solutions, in analogy with the charge instability already highlighted for other non-BPS geometries like JMaRT. This issue is addressed by calculating quasi-normal mode frequencies with a variety of techniques: WKB approximation, direct integration, Leaver method and by exploiting the recently discovered correspondence between black hole/fuzzball perturbation theory and quantum Seiberg-Witten curves. All mode frequencies we find have negative imaginary parts, implying an exponential decay in time. This suggests a linear stability of Topological Stars also in this new scenario. In addition, we study the charge superradiance for the Black String. We compute the amplification factor with the numerical integration method and a quantum Seiberg-Witten motivated definition including instantonic corrections.