bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling Shareholder‐Manager Collusion and Tunneling: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Min , Gao Shenghao , Guan Xinjiao , Jiang Fuxiu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study examines whether and how controlling shareholders collude with managers with respect to tunneling.Research Findings/InsightsUsing data from Chinese listed companies, we find evidence consistent with the collusion hypothesis. Specifically, we find that the separation of control and cash flow rights is negatively associated with managerial pay‐performance and turnover‐performance sensitivity. These results suggest that controlling shareholders with excess control rights collude with managers by weakening performance‐based incentives. Further evidence suggests that the negative relation between excess control rights and performance‐based incentives is more pronounced in less profitable and less promising firms. We also find preliminary evidence for rent‐sharing behavior between controlling shareholders and managers.Theoretic/Academic ImplicationsWe incorporate the influence of managers into the agency framework between controlling and minority shareholders and suggest that controlling shareholders and managers expropriate the minority shareholders. We also propose that excess control rights undermine normal, effective, performance‐based incentives and induce rent‐sharing behavior between controlling shareholders and managers.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsWe advise firms' stakeholders, especially minority shareholders, to detect tunneling by observing executive incentives. We suggest that policy makers pay particular attention to the collusion between tunneling participants rather than merely prohibiting certain tunneling tactics. We also recommend that regulators strengthen corporate governance norms and improve the corporate governance environment.
Fetal growth in relation to gestational weight gain in women with Type 2 diabetes: an observational study
Authors: Parellada C. B. , Ásbjörnsdóttir B. , Ringholm L. , Damm P. , Mathiesen E. R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimsTo evaluate fetal growth in relation to gestational weight gain in women with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 142 consecutive pregnancies in 28 women of normal weight, 39 overweight women and 75 obese women with Type 2 diabetes (pre‐pregnancy BMI < 25, 25–29.9, ≥ 30 kg/m2, respectively). Gestational weight gain was categorized as excessive (exceeding the US Institute of Medicine recommendations) or as non‐excessive (within or below the Institute of Medicine recommendations).ResultsExcessive and non‐excessive gestational weight gain were seen in 61 (43%) and 81 women (57%) with a median (range) gestational weight gain of 14.3 (9–32) vs 7.0 (−5–16) kg (P < 0.001), respectively. Infants of women with excessive gestational weight gain were characterized by higher birth weight (3712 vs 3258 g; P = 0.001), birth weight z‐score (1.14 vs ‐0.01, P = 0.001) and prevalence of large‐for‐gestational‐age infants (48 vs 20%; P < 0.001). In normal weight, overweight and obese women with non‐excessive gestational weight gain, the median weight gain in the first half of pregnancy was 371, 114 and 81 g/week, and in the second half of pregnancy 483, 427 and 439 g/week, respectively. In multiple linear regression analysis, gestational weight gain was associated with a higher infant birth weight z‐score independent of pre‐pregnancy BMI, smoking, HbA1c and insulin dose at last visit, ethnicity and parity [β=0.1 (95% CI 0.06–0.14), P < 0.001].ConclusionsInfant birth weight was almost 0.5 kg higher in women with Type 2 diabetes and excessive gestational weight gain than in women with Type 2 diabetes and non‐excessive weight gain.
Well‐being in cross‐cultural transitions: discrepancies between acculturation preferences and actual intergroup and intragroup contact
Authors: Ramos Miguel R. , Cassidy Clare , Reicher Stephen , Haslam S. Alexander 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo studies examined the effect of acculturation–contact discrepancies on well‐being. Specifically, we tested the prediction that well‐being will be compromised when cultural minorities' acculturation preferences are not met by the intergroup and intragroup contact in a new society. Study 1 found that for Polish immigrants (n = 55) acculturation–contact discrepancies were associated with compromised well‐being. Study 2 followed a cohort of international students (n = 106) for a period of two academic years. Results suggested that discrepancies in students' acculturation–contact in their first year had harmful consequences for their well‐being 1 year later. Overall, the two studies show that discrepancies between acculturation preferences and actual contact have negative implications for the psychological adaptation of acculturating individuals.
A randomised controlled trial of PEGASUS, a psychoeducational programme for young people with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Gordon Kate , Murin Marianna , Baykaner Ozlem , Roughan Laura , Livermore‐Hardy Vaan , Skuse David , Mandy Will 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundPsychoeducation is an essential component of postdiagnostic care for people with ASD (autism spectrum disorder), but there is currently no evidence base for clinical practice. We designed, manualised and evaluated PEGASUS (psychoeducation group for autism spectrum understanding and support), a group psychoeducational programme aiming to enhance the self‐awareness of young people with ASD by teaching them about their diagnosis.MethodsThis single‐blind RCT (randomised control trial) involved 48 young people (9–14 years) with high‐functioning ASD. Half were randomly assigned to PEGASUS, administered in six weekly group sessions, with the others receiving no additional intervention. ASD‐related self‐awareness, the primary outcome, was evaluated using the bespoke Autism Knowledge Quiz (AKQ). Secondary outcome measures included the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale. All measures were collected during home visits and scored by researchers blind to group assignment. The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials (NCT01187940, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov) and was funded by the Baily Thomas Charitable Trust.ResultsBootstrap multiple regression showed ASD knowledge (β = .29, p < .001, 95% CIs [0.13, 0.44]) and ASD self‐awareness (β = .42, p = .001, 95% CIs [0.17, 0.67]), measured by number of ASD‐related personal strengths and difficulties listed by participants, increased for those who attended PEGASUS (n = 24) compared with controls (n = 24). There was no effect of PEGASUS on self‐esteem by self‐report (β = .10, p = .404, 95% CIs [−0.14, 0.35]) or parent report (β = .12, p = .324, 95% CIs [−0.12, 0.36]).ConclusionsAfter PEGASUS, participants had more general knowledge about ASD, and showed a greater awareness of their collection of unique strengths and difficulties associated with ASD. Psychoeducation did not lower self‐esteem. This RCT provides initial evidence for PEGASUS's efficacy as a psychoeducation programme for people with ASD.
Practitioner Review: Diagnosing childhood resilience – a systemic approach to the diagnosis of adaptation in adverse social and physical ecologies
Authors: Ungar Michael 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundWith growing interest in resilience among mental health care providers globally, there is a need for a simple way to consider the complex interactions that predict adaptive coping when there is exposure to high levels of adversity such as family violence, mental illness of a child or caregiver, natural disasters, social marginalization, or political conflict.MethodsThis article presents diagnostic criteria for assessing childhood resilience in a way that is sensitive to the systemic factors that influence a child's wellbeing. The most important characteristics of children who cope well under adversity and avoid problems like depression, PTSD, and delinquency are highlighted.ResultsA multidimensional assessment of resilience is presented that examines, first, the severity, chronicity, ecological level, children's attributions of causality, and cultural and contextual relevance of experiences of adversity. Second, promotive and protective factors related to resilience are assessed with sensitivity to the differential impact these have on outcomes depending on a child's level of exposure to adversity. These factors include individual qualities like temperament, personality, and cognitions, as well as contextual dimensions of positive functioning related to the available and accessibility of resources, their strategic use, positive reinforcement by a child's significant others, and the adaptive capacity of the environment itself. Third, an assessment of resilience includes temporal and cultural factors that increase or decrease the influence of protective factors. A decision tree for the diagnosis of resilience is presented, followed by a case study and diagnosis of a 15‐year‐old boy who required treatment for a number of mental health challenges.ConclusionsThe diagnostic criteria for assessing resilience and its application to clinical practice demonstrate the potential usefulness of a systemic approach to understanding resilience among child populations.
OsMADS32 interacts with PI‐like proteins and regulates rice flower development
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Zhang Liang , Cai Qiang , Hu Yun , Jin Zhenming , Zhao Xiangxiang , Fan Wei , Huang Qianming , Luo Zhijing , Chen Mingjiao , Zhang Dabing , Yuan Zheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOsMADS32 is a monocot specific MIKCc type MADS‐box gene that plays an important role in regulating rice floral meristem and organs identity, a crucial process for reproductive success and rice yield. However, its underlying mechanism of action remains to be clarified. Here, we characterized a hypomorphic mutant allele of OsMADS32/CFO1, cfo1‐3 and identified its function in controlling rice flower development by bioinformatics and protein‐protein interaction analysis. The cfo1‐3 mutant produces defective flowers, including loss of lodicule identity, formation of ectopic lodicule or hull‐like organs and decreased stamen number, mimicking phenotypes related to the mutation of B class genes. Molecular characterization indicated that mis‐splicing of OsMADS32 transcripts in the cfo1‐3 mutant resulted in an extra eight amino acids in the K‐domain of OsMADS32 protein. By yeast two hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we revealed that the insertion of eight amino acids or deletion of the internal region in the K1 subdomain of OsMADS32 affects the interaction between OsMADS32 with PISTILLATA (PI)‐like proteins OsMADS2 and OsMADS4. This work provides new insight into the mechanism by which OsMADS32 regulates rice lodicule and stamen identity, by interaction with two PI‐like proteins via its K domain.
Expression of a nuclear‐encoded psbH gene complements the plastidic RNA processing defect in the PSII mutant hcf107 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Levey Tatjana , Westhoff Peter , Meierhoff Karin 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe helical‐repeat RNA‐binding protein HCF107 is required for processing, stabilization and translation of plastid‐encoded psbH mRNA. The psbH gene encodes a small, hydrophilic subunit of the PSII complex and is part of the plastidic psbB–psbT–psbH–petB–petD transcription unit. In Arabidopsis hcf107 mutants, only trace amounts of PSII proteins can be detected. Beside drastically reduced synthesis of PsbH, the synthesis of CP47 was also reduced in these mutants, although the corresponding psbB transcripts accumulate to wild type levels. This situation raises the question, whether the reduction of CP47 is a direct consequence of the mutation, based on targeting of HCF107 to the psbB mRNA, or a secondary affect due to the absent PsbH. To clarify this issue we introduced a chimeric psbH construct comprising a sequence encoding a chloroplast transit peptide into the hcf107‐2 background. We found that the nucleus‐localized psbH was able to complement the mutant defect resulting in photoautotrophic plants. The PSII proteins CP47 and D1 accumulated to barely half of the wild type level. Further experiments showed that cytosolically synthesized PsbH was imported into chloroplasts and assembled into PSII complexes. Using this approach, we showed that the tetratricopeptide repeat protein HCF107 of Arabidopsis is only responsible for expression of PsbH and not for synthesis of CP47. In addition the data suggest the necessity of the small, one‐helix membrane spanning protein PsbH for the accumulation of CP47 in higher plants.
Combining Advanced Data Analysis Methods for the Constitution of an Integrated Gas Turbine Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic System
Authors: Tsalavoutas A. , Aretakis N. , Mathioudakis K. , Stamatis A. 
Published: August 2014

This paper presents principles for the constitution of gas turbine monitoring and diagnostic systems which:
a. are integrated, namely manage all the tasks essential for achieving a diagnosis (measurement, analysis, interpretation, historical data management etc.)
b. employ different kind of processing methods in order to cover an extensive range of engine conditions, including direct data evaluation and data consistency checks, thermodynamic analysis, vibration analysis.
The requirements to be fulfilled by an industrial gas turbine monitoring system are briefly reviewed and ways to achieve them are discussed, indicating how they can be materialized by implementation of specific techniques. Techniques previously derived by the group of the authors are implemented, and the merits they offer when used in combination are discussed. Features of a system, materialized according to the principles discussed, into an operating industrial gas turbine is presented. On-line application of advanced analysis techniques, such as adaptive performance modeling is discussed, on the basis of observations of the collected data.
Data collected from an engine operating in the field are presented to substantiate the matters discussed, and cases of successful fault identification are shown.
First Experiments on an Evaporative Gas Turbine Pilot Power Plant: Water Circuit Chemistry and Humidification Evaluation
Authors: Ågren Niklas D. , Westermark Mats O. , Bartlett Michael A. , Lindquist Torbjörn 
Published: August 2014

The evaporative gas turbine (EvGT), also known as the humid air turbine (HAT) cycle, is a novel advanced gas turbine cycle that has attracted considerable interest for the last decade. This high efficiency cycle shows the potential to be competitive with Diesel engines or combined cycles in small and intermediate scale plants for power production — and/or cogeneration. A 0.6 MW natural gas fired EvGT pilot plant has been constructed by a Swedish national research group in cooperation between universities and industry. The plant is located at the Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden. The pilot plant uses a humidification tower with metallic packing in which heated water from the flue gas economizer is brought into direct counter current contact with the pressurized air from the compressor. This gives an efficient heat recovery and thereby a thermodynamically sound cycle.
As the hot sections in high temperature gas turbines are sensitive to particles and alkali compounds, water quality issues need to be carefully considered. As such, apart from evaluating the thermodynamic and part load performance characteristics of the plant, and verifying the operation of the high pressure humidifier, much attention is focused on the water chemistry issues associated with the recovery and reuse of condensate water from the flue gas. A water treatment system has been designed and integrated into the pilot plant. This paper presents the first water quality results from the plant.
The experimental results show that the condensate contains low levels of alkali and calcium, around 2 mg/l Σ(K,Na,Ca), probably originating from the unfiltered compressor intake. About 14 mg/l NO2− + NO3− comes from condensate absorption of flue gas NOx. Some Cu is noted, 16 mg/l, which originates from copper corrosion of the condenser tubes. After CO2-stripping, condensate filtration and a mixed bed ion exchanger, the condensate is of suitable quality for reuse as humidification water.
The need for large quantities of demineralized water has by many authors been identified as a drawback for the evaporative cycle. However, by cooling the humid flue gas, the recovery of condensed water cuts the need of water feed. A self supporting water circuit can be achieved, with no need for any net addition of water to the system. In the pilot plant, this was achieved by cooling the flue gas to around 35°C.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Rotor Blades on Hot Gas Ingestion Into the Upstream Cavity of an Axial Turbine Stage
Authors: Bohn Dieter , Rudzinski Bernd , Sürken Norbert , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

The phenomenon of hot gas ingestion through turbine rim seals is experimentally and numerically investigated for a complete stage with nozzle guide vanes and uncooled helicopter turbine rotor blades.
In the experimental part, two different geometrical rim seal configurations are examined: 1. a simple axial gap between rotor and stator disk and 2. an axial gap between the rotor disk and a rim seal lip at the periphery of the stator disk. The results obtained are compared to experiments carried out for the same geometry but without rotor blades.
The influence of the presence of rotor blades on hot gas ingestion is examined for different parameters such as nondimensional seal flow rate, Reynolds number in the turbine annulus and rotational speed. For the determination of the sealing efficiency measurements of carbon dioxide gas concentration are carried out in the wheelspace. The static pressure distribution in the cavity is measured by means of pressure taps at the stator disk.
It is shown that for configuration 1 the presence of rotor blades causes a considerable drop in sealing efficiency whereas for configuration 2 the sealing efficiency increases significantly.
In the numerical part results of three-dimensional unsteady CFD calculations for configuration 2 are compared to steady calculations for the same configuration without blades. Predictions of hot gas ingestion and carbon dioxide gas concentration in the hub region and inside the cavity are presented. Special emphasis is put on unsteady effects arising from rotor movement.
A local ingestion zone rotating at approximately half rotor speed is numerically predicted. As indicated by the experimental results the rotor blades have a positive influence on the predicted sealing efficiency.
Friction Damper Mistuning of a Bladed Disk and Optimization With Respect to Wear
Authors: Jareland Martin H. , Csaba Gabor 
Published: August 2014

Friction damper mistuning is an area in which less research has been done compared to blade mistuning of bladed disks. Inspection of contact areas, on used platform dampers, indicates that their environment is strongly varying. This is mostly due to geometrical imperfections of the damper and contact surfaces on the blades, but also due to variation in mechanical properties of the blades.
In this paper a parametric study is performed to investigate the effects of damper mistuning on blade vibrations. For this study a friction contact model which is valid for both microslip and macroslip is used. The result indicates that damper mistuning greatly affects the blade vibrations. It is also found that the optimal damper is the same for the tuned and the mistuned case.
A comparison of blade and damper mistuning is also performed. The result indicates that blade and damper mistuning together constitute a more severe case than only blade or damper mistuning.
Friction damper wear is investigated for a tuned bladed disk. The result demonstrates that the resonance amplitude can either increase or decrease depending on the properties of the damper. The wear process is also investigated for an initially blade mistuned case. The simulation result is compared to measurements from bench tests with a military jet engine. For a designer of a new damper it is important to know what should be expected when the damper is in use and gets worn.
Integrated Lifing Analysis Tool for Gas Turbine Components
Authors: Tinga Tiedo , Visser Wilfried P. J. , de Wolf Wim B. , Broomhead Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

A method to predict gas turbine component life based on analysis of engine performance is presented. Engine performance history is obtained from in-flight monitored engine parameters and flight conditions and downloaded for processing by a tool integrating a number of software tools and models. These subsequently include a comprehensive thermodynamical engine system model, heat transfer, thermal and mechanical load models, and finally, a life consumption model.
Thermal and mechanical load distributions in the component as well as component life can be predicted. At this stage, the overall life prediction inaccuracy of the tool is dominated by the relatively high inaccuracy of the lifing model, and therefore, component life can only be predicted relative to a reference life.
The tool is demonstrated with an analysis of the F100-PW-220 engine 3rd stage turbine rotor blade life consumption during a recorded RNLAF F-16 mission. Using the engine system model with a detailed control system, deterioration effects on engine performance were analyzed and the effect of engine deterioration on blade life consumption rate was determined.
The tool has significant potential to enhance on-condition maintenance and optimize aircraft operational use.
Process‐based quality management for clinical implementation of adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Noel Camille E. , Santanam Lakshmi , Parikh Parag J. , Mutic Sasa 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:Intensity‐modulated adaptive radiotherapy (ART) has been the focus of considerable research and developmental work due to its potential therapeutic benefits. However, in light of its unique quality assurance (QA) challenges, no one has described a robust framework for its clinical implementation. In fact, recent position papers by ASTRO and AAPM have firmly endorsed pretreatment patient‐specific IMRT QA, which limits the feasibility of online ART. The authors aim to address these obstacles by applying failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) to identify high‐priority errors and appropriate risk‐mitigation strategies for clinical implementation of intensity‐modulated ART.Methods:An experienced team of two clinical medical physicists, one clinical engineer, and one radiation oncologist was assembled to perform a standard FMEA for intensity‐modulated ART. A set of 216 potential radiotherapy failures composed by the forthcoming AAPM task group 100 (TG‐100) was used as the basis. Of the 216 failures, 127 were identified as most relevant to an ART scheme. Using the associated TG‐100 FMEA values as a baseline, the team considered how the likeliness of occurrence (O), outcome severity (S), and likeliness of failure being undetected (D) would change for ART. New risk priority numbers (RPN) were calculated. Failures characterized by RPN ≥ 200 were identified as potentially critical.Results:FMEA revealed that ART RPN increased for 38% (n = 48/127) of potential failures, with 75% (n = 36/48) attributed to failures in the segmentation and treatment planning processes. Forty‐three of 127 failures were identified as potentially critical. Risk‐mitigation strategies include implementing a suite of quality control and decision support software, specialty QA software/hardware tools, and an increase in specially trained personnel.Conclusions:Results of the FMEA‐based risk assessment demonstrate that intensity‐modulated ART introduces different (but not necessarily more) risks than standard IMRT and may be safely implemented with the proper mitigations.