bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etiology and Mortality of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Tokuç Firdevs Ezgi Uçan , Görgülü Emine , Genç Fatma , Korucuk Meltem , Erdal Abidin , Gömceli Yasemin Biçer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is a disease with a high mortality rate, which is not uncommon, especially in the elderly population. It has a very diverse aetiology. Prognosis is related to the etiology. we aimed to investigate the etiology, mortality rates, and factors affecting mortality in patients diagnosed with NCSE in a tertiary epilepsy center in Turkiye.
Methods: All EEGs taken in the electroencephalography (EEG) laboratory of the Department of Neurology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, between June 2021 and February 2024. Patients who met the Salzburg Consensus Criteria (SCC) for NCSE were included. Demographic data, etiologic factors, seizure history, comorbidities, neuroradiological imaging, laboratory data, treatments administered for NCSE and responses to treatment, short- and long-term outcomes, and EEG findings at follow-up, if any, were noted from the epicrisis notes of all patients who met the criteria.
Results: Two hundred patients were included in the study. Mortality was observed in 76 (38.4%) of patients with NCSE. There was a statistically significant correlation between NCSE etiology and mortality (p<0.001). Mortality was most common in patients with cerebral tumors as the etiology, with a rate of 63.6%, followed by 57.1% in patients with dementia and 53.8% in patients with CVD. The lowest mortality rate was observed in patients with autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsy (14.3% and 17.2%, respectively). After appropriate ASM treatment, 117 (58.5%) patients with NCSE improved, while no change was observed in 19 (9.5%) patients. In 12 (26%) patients, deterioration in the EEG was observed. When posttreatment improvement and etiologic factors were analyzed, the highest rate of improvement was observed in the autoimmune encephalitis and CVD groups.
Conclusions: Our study showed that advanced age and the presence of stroke are associated with mortality and that patients with NCSE due to autoimmune encephalitis respond well to treatment.
Integrating Electro-fermentation and Other Strategies to Enhance Xylitol Production From Sugarcane Hydrolysate by Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Authors: Gaspar Thiago , Lizarazo Frank Uriel Suarez , Fier Ícaro , Santos Leandro Vieira , Pereira Gonçalo Amarante Guimarães , de Mello Fellipe da Silveira Bezerra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Xylitol, a naturally occurring biomolecule, is utilized in various commercial applications, with its market expected to reach USD 1.7 billion by 2028. Large-scale commercial production typically involves rigorous chemical processes, making xylitol biosynthesis an attractive alternative. The GRAS yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae emerges as an appealing host for this purpose due to its robustness and efficiency under industrial conditions. However, research on utilizing this yeast for xylitol production from biomass hydrolysates remains notably sparse. This study investigates various bioprocessing improvements to enhance xylitol production from sugarcane straw hydrolysate using recombinant S. cerevisiae strains FMYX and CENPX, derived from industrial and laboratory backgrounds, respectively. Strategies such as increased cell inoculum, nutrient supplementation, and electro-fermentation were employed to optimize xylose conversion in batch processes - a common industrial setup for this substrate. Adjusting the pitching rate increased xylitol productivity by up to 550%, while yeast extract and peptone (YP) supplementation resulted in a 42% increase in xylitol production by FMYX. Additionally, electro-fermentation at 1V boosted xylitol production by 37.4% for this strain. Notably, under very low cell inoculum conditions, YP supplementation led to an 870% increase in xylitol production by FMYX, matching the results achieved with a 25-fold cell inoculum or electro-fermentation. This research provides compelling evidence for a cost-effective alternative process for xylitol production, readily applicable on an industrial scale and leveraging existing industrial infrastructure. The integration of a bioelectric system in this context marks a novel approach towards sustainable xylitol biosynthesis using S. cerevisiae.
Thyroid Malignancy among Patients with Multinodular Goiter: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Faqeeh Taha Ahmed , Jowah Haitham Mohammed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: The incidence of thyroid malignancy among patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) varies widely across different regions. This study aimed to assess the incidence and types of thyroid malignancy in patients with MNG in Yemen, contributing to better understanding and management of the condition in this context.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the General Military Hospital in Sana’a, Yemen, from February 2021 to December 2023. Data from 143 patients who underwent thyroidectomy were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics and clinical characteristics.
Results: The incidence of thyroid malignancy was 23.1% (33/143) among patients with MNG. Papillary carcinoma was the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for 72.2% of the malignant cases. Malignancy was more prevalent in females (84.8%) and in the 41–50-year age group (48.5%). Total thyroidectomy was the most frequently performed surgical procedure, undertaken in 79% of cases.
Conclusions: The high incidence of thyroid malignancy in MNG patients, particularly among females and middle-aged individuals, underscores the need for comprehensive evaluation and management of this condition in Yemen. Total thyroidectomy is recommended as an effective treatment approach due to the significant risk of malignancy. Addressing misconceptions about FNAC and educating both patients and healthcare providers can improve early detection and treatment outcomes.
Spatial dynamics of mammalian brain development and neuroinflammation by multimodal tri-omics mapping
Authors: Fan Rong , Zhang Di , Rodríguez-Kirby Leslie , Lin Yingxin , Song Mengyi , Wang Li , Wang Lijun , Kanatani Shigeaki , Jimenez-Beristain Tony , Dang Yonglong , Zhong Mei , Kukanja Petra , Wang Shaohui , Chen Xinyi , Gao Fu , Wang Dejiang , Xu Hang , Lou Xing , Liu Yang , Chen Jinmiao , Sestan Nenad , Uhlen Per , Kriegstein Arnold R. , Zhao Hongyu , Castelo-Branco Goncalo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The ability to spatially map multiple layers of the omics information over different time points allows for exploring the mechanisms driving brain development, differentiation, arealization, and alterations in disease. Herein we developed and applied spatial tri-omic sequencing technologies, DBiT ARP-seq (spatial ATAC–RNA–Protein-seq) and DBiT CTRP-seq (spatial CUT&Tag–RNA–Protein-seq) together with multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging (CODEX) to map spatial dynamic remodeling in brain development and neuroinflammation. A spatiotemporal tri-omic atlas of the mouse brain was obtained at different stages from postnatal day P0 to P21, and compared to the regions of interest in the human developing brains. Specifically, in the cortical area, we discovered temporal persistence and spatial spreading of chromatin accessibility for the layer-defining transcription factors. In corpus callosum, we observed dynamic chromatin priming of myelin genes across the subregions. Together, it suggests a role for layer specific projection neurons to coordinate axonogenesis and myelination. We further mapped the brain of a lysolecithin (LPC) neuroinflammation mouse model and observed common molecular programs in development and neuroinflammation. Microglia, exhibiting both conserved and distinct programs for inflammation and resolution, are transiently activated not only at the core of the LPC lesion, but also at distal locations presumably through neuronal circuitry. Thus, this work unveiled common and differential mechanisms in brain development and neuroinflammation, resulting in a valuable data resource to investigate brain development, function and disease.
Cleavage of CAD by caspase-3 determines the cancer cell fate during chemotherapy
Authors: Hong Xuehui , Ma Jingsong , Zhao Jiabao , Zhang Chen-Song , Tan Jinshui , Cheng Ao , Niu Zhuo , Lin Zeyang , Pan Guangchao , Chen Chao , Ding Yang , Zhong Mengya , Zhuang Yifan , Xiong Yubo , Zhou Huiwen , Zhou Shengyi , Xu Meijuan , Ye Wenjie , Li Funan , Song Yong-Xi , Wang Zhenning 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Metabolic heterogeneity resulting from the intrinsic heterogeneity of human tumors has been shown to cause a myriad of adverse outcomes of tumor therapy, including resistance to chemotherapy, but the mechanisms inside remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway, which we previously identified as crucial for the proliferation of gastric and colon cancer cells, determines the chemosensitivity of these cancer types. In the chemosensitive cells, chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-FU promoted the degradation of CAD, an enzyme that is rate-limiting for pyrimidine synthesis, leading to the apoptosis of these cells. We also found that CAD needed to be cleaved, by activated caspase-3 on its Asp1371 residue, before its degradation. Upregulation of CAD, either by overexpression or by a mutation on the Asp1371 to block the caspase-3 cleavage, conferred tumor chemoresistance in both mouse xenograft models and the Cldn18-ATK mouse gastric tumor models. Importantly, mutations related to Asp1371 of CAD were found in gastric tumor samples of patients who underwent unsuccessful neoadjuvant chemotherapy. By searching for a compound that capable for degradating the CAD-Asp1371 mutant, we discovered that a compound called RMY-186 can be used to treat chemoresistant tumors related to CAD mutations, resulting in a significant improvement in the effectiveness of chemotherapy. We have, therefore, revealed the vulnerability of de novo pyrimidine synthesis during chemotherapy, which can be targeted to overcome chemotherapeutic resistance and augment the antitumor efficacy of genotoxic chemotherapy agents.
Photocatalytic C(sp3)–C(sp3) cross-coupling of carboxylic acids and alkyl halides using a nickel complex and carbon nitride
Authors: Vilé Gianvito , Ibáñez Miguel M. de Vries , Cipriano Luis A. , Liberto Giovanni Di 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Developing robust and reliable methods for constructing C(sp3)–C(sp3) bonds is critically important for synthesizing a diverse array of functionalized drug molecules. However, this reaction poses significant challenges from a chemical standpoint due to issues with selective activation and regioselectivity, functional group compatibility, complex catalyst design, and slow reaction kinetics. Current metallaphotoredox approaches do not provide a viable solution because they rely on expensive, toxic, and rare iridium photocatalysts, severely limiting their widespread application. In this study, we introduce carbon nitride nanosheets (nC3N4) as an efficient and sustainable alternative to traditional iridium-based catalysts. When combined with nickel catalysis, nC3N4 facilitates the cross-coupling of aryl halides and carboxylic acids. Our results demonstrate a broad substrate scope, including various aryl halides and carboxylic acids, and highlight the recyclability of the photocatalyst. Density functional theory calculations provide molecular insights into the role of nickel single atoms in facilitating photodecarboxylation and subsequent C–C bond formation. This work significantly expands the potential of photoredox chemistry, and offers a novel method for efficient, industrially relevant light-to-chemical conversion processes.
Predicting Habitat Suitability for Cultivation and Conservation of Prosopis africana and Caesalpinia bonduc in Benin through Species Distribution Modeling
Authors: Tessi Donald Romaric Yehouenou 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Benin, a country in West Africa renowned for its diverse forest ecosystems and protected areas, harbors a rich biodiversity including numerous threatened plant species. Through comprehensive phytosociological surveys, analysis of herbarium records, flora databases, and assessment of rarity indices, 280 plant species facing threats have been identified within Benin. The use of Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling stands out as a robust method to predict species distributions and assess habitat suitability, particularly advantageous when only presence data is available and absences are difficult to ascertain. MaxEnt's capability to perform well with limited sample sizes further enhances its utility in ecological studies. Models developed for both Prosopis africana and Caesalpinia bonduc exhibit high Area Under the Curve (AUC) values, indicating strong predictive accuracy. For Prosopis africana, significant portions of Benin are predicted to offer highly suitable climatic conditions (> 80% suitability under current and future scenarios), highlighting areas conducive to species development. Strategic reforestation efforts and mitigation of threats such as human encroachment, invasive species, and agricultural deforestation are recommended to safeguard and enhance populations of this species. Analyzing the distribution map of Caesalpinia bonduc reveals that protected areas in Southern and Central Benin predominantly align with suitable habitats for the species. These findings underscore the importance of targeting these protected zones for initiatives focused on species enrichment, reintroduction, and cultivation. In conclusion, integrating MaxEnt modeling with spatial analysis offers valuable insights into habitat suitability and conservation strategies for threatened plant species in Benin, guiding effective management practices aimed at preserving biodiversity and supporting sustainable ecosystem health.
Systematic Review Protocol: Determining Factors Affecting Workforce Retention in Dentistry
Authors: Dorji Tenzin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

BackgroundWorkforce retention is a critical and urgent problem in healthcare, significantly affecting service delivery, patient care, and organisational efficiency. In dentistry, the stability of the workforce is not just important; it is essential for maintaining access to and the quality of oral health services. Despite its urgency and importance, a comprehensive synthesis of the factors influencing retention in the dental sector is lacking. This systematic review seeks to fill this gap by evaluating the current literature and identifying critical determinants of dental workforce retention.Aim:The primary objective of this systematic review is to identify and analyse the factors that influence workforce retention globally, specifically in healthcare and dentistry. The review aims to inform effective retention strategies and policymakers in dental public health.Methods: This review will employ a systematic methodology to search, select, and synthesise relevant literature. Multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), and PsycINFO (Ovid) were searched using a combination of keywords related to "dentistry," "workforce retention," and "employment factors." The selection process involved rigorous screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, adhering to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing primarily on observational studies, cross-sectional surveys, and qualitative research. Data extraction was standardized, and quality was assessed using established bias assessment tools. The synthesis was either thematic or meta-synthetic depending on the homogeneity of the data collected. The review is expected to identify a range of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, further classified as macro, meso, and micro factors, that significantly impact retention among dental health professionals. These may include but are not limited to job satisfaction, compensation, work environment, professional development opportunities, and organisational support. The findings will provide a basis for recommendations on how health policymakers and administrators in dental care institutions can improve workforce retention strategies and workforce stability, paramount for effective public health responses and sustainable healthcare delivery in dentistry.
Resolving of Inverse Problem Based on the One Component Linear Diffusion Model of Water Vapor Into Cellular Concrete Sample
Authors: Holubets Taras 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this paper the applying of inverse problem for calculation of diffusion coefficient distribution into porous cylindrical sample into one-dimensinal case is demonstrated. The main purpose of work is concentrated for adaptation of well know diffusion equation with boundary conditions to experimentally obtained humidity profiles into porous sample. Empirical equations for diffusion coefficients according to obained humidity distribution are also reviewed. The proper physical interpretation of water vapor diffusion coefficient for coordinate and time dependencies is proposed. For this purpose the averaged quantities are introduced
A chromosome-scale genome of the Korean cultivar Sesamum indicumvar. Goenbaek provides insight into its oil-seed quality and health-promoting gene repertoire
Authors: Zoclanclounon Yedomon Ange Bovys , Thamilarasan Senthil Kumar , Mo Youngjun , Ahn Byoung-Ohg , Kim Jeong-Gu , Lee Keunpyo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Sesamum indicum seeds are omnipresent in Korean dietary habits as food decorations, and the oil is used in traditional medicine due to its natural antioxidant content. Although genomic resources are available mainly from Chinese and Indian genotypes, the lack of Korean genomic resources hampers the design of novel genotypes with valuable agronomic importance as well as food and health-enhancing properties. This study aimed to generate a high-quality chromosome-level genome of the Korean cultivar Goenbaek, which is rich in oil, sesamin, and sesamolin. The combination of short- and long-reads and chromosome conformation capture data helped to assemble the genome into 13 chromosomes spanning 262.5 Mbp with an N50 value of 19.9 Mbp. A total of 23,539 protein-coding genes were predicted. Phylogenetic analysis placed Goenbaek on a distinct branch, suggesting geographical or adaptive patterns leading to genetic diversity. Goenbaek exhibited a set of 1,171 species-specific gene families enriched in lipid metabolism and biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which confirmed its rich oil content. In addition, health-beneficial genes related to sphingolipid and selenocompound metabolism were also identified. The new reference-grade genome will serve as a reference for the Korean genomics-assisted sesame breeding program for the improvement of agronomic traits and for the investigation of oil and specialized metabolites.
Factors Affecting the Liquidity Risk of Commercial Banks in Nepal
Authors: Niroula Ballav , Gnawali Bindu 
Published: August 2024

Level liquidity is an important factor that helps the growth and survival of commercial banks. This research aims to show the factor affecting the liquidity risk of commercial banks in Nepal. The panel data were used to analyze and find the results from the period 2017 to 2021. Secondary data are collected from the annual report of commercial banks. Banks’ internal factors bank size, capital adequacy ratios, non-performing loans, return on assets, return on equity, and external factor gross domestic product was used as independent variables. The dependent variable of the research is the liquidity ratio. A descriptive research design has been used to explain the data. A convenient sampling technique was used to select the 16 commercial banks as a sample from the population of 26 banks. Various statistical methods are used to describe the data and to find the result from the 80 observations. The result shows that there is a significant and negative relationship between bank size and non – performing loans with the liquidity of commercial banks in Nepal, but GDP, ROA, and ROE have significant positive effects on liquidity. To maintain the liquidity level commercial banks, need to minimize the non – performing loans. It is crucial to take into account the size of the bank, the nature of the crisis, the regulatory environment, the interconnection of the financial sector, market perception, and contagion risk when large banks have a negative impact on liquidity. Knowing these elements will make it easier to find suitable answers to the liquidity issue and lessen the effects it has on the larger financial system.
Long-term performance of wastewater gardens: follow-up on the status of the wastewater garden in Temacine – Algeria
Authors: Rokbane Abdelmadjid , Zorai Ameur , Ouakouak Abdelkader 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

This work investigated the long-term performance of a small wastewater garden (WWG) system for treating municipal wastewater, which has been operating continuously since 2007. The studied system consisted of a horizontal subsurface flow (HFCW) and treated a flow rate of 15 m3/day. Results from 15 years of operation showed that the system has an average removal efficiency of 90.76, 85.12, 89.43, 66.87, 94.74, and 94.74% for total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), nitrites (NO2–), nitrates (NO3–), and orthophosphates (PO43−), respectively. The high efficiency of the WWG plant was achieved during 2018–2022 compared to the two first years of operation (apart from the TSS). It was noted that the removal of BOD5, NO2–, NO3–, and PO43− has been improved in the last years of operation. The elimination COD remained relatively consistent between the initial and present period of operation. The finding confirms the high efficiency in the long-term operation of municipal wastewater treatment. Thus, it can serve as a suitable solution for small communities, especially in arid climate areas.