bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐17, oxidative stress, and inflammation: role of melatonin during Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Authors: Brazão Vânia , Colato Rafaela Pravato , Santello Fabricia Helena , Filipin Marina Del Vecchio , Toldo Míriam Paula Alonso , do Vale Gabriel Tavares , Tirapelli Carlos Renato , do Prado Júnior José Clóvis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough the exact etiology of Chagas' disease remains unknown, the inflammatory process and oxidative stress are believed to be the main contributors to the dysfunction and pathogenesis during chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Our hypothesis is that melatonin administered for 2 months daily could modulate the oxidative stress and the inflammatory response during the chronic infection. Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages and antigen‐presenting cells (APC), expression of RT1B as well as LFA‐1 and MCP‐1 in CD4+ and CD8+T cells and levels of interleukin‐17A were assessed. The oxidative stress was evaluated through lipid peroxidation (LPO) analysis on the plasma of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and nitric oxide production. Decreased concentrations of nitrite and TBARS were found in infected and melatonin‐treated animals, as well as a rising trend in the production of IL‐17A as compared to infected and untreated counterparts. A significant decrease was found in the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes MCP‐1 producers for infected and melatonin‐treated rats. Reduced percentage of CD8+T cells producing LFA‐1 was observed in control and melatonin‐treated animals as compared to untreated rats. The cellular response of peritoneal APC cells and macrophages significantly dropped in infected and treated animals. As an endpoint, the use of antioxidant compounds such as melatonin emerges as a new and promising approach to control the oxidative stress during the chronic Chagas' disease partially mediated through the abrogation of LPO and the prevention of the inflammatory response and can be used for further investigation on treatment trials for other infectious diseases.
Noninvasive Deformation Test for the Tenderness Classification of Broiler Breast Meat
Authors: Lee Youngseung , Xiong R. , Owens C.M. , Meullenet J.F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA noninvasive deformation test was performed on the raw broiler breast meat using four different cylindrical probes (diameter of 2, 5, 6 and 8 mm). The tenderness of the cooked meat was determined instrumentally with the Meullenet–Owens razor shear (MORS). MORS energy (MORSE) was modeled with the parameters extracted from the deformation test using either ordinary or partial least squares regression. The correlation coefficient (r) between the MORSE and deformation was −0.851 (P < 0.05) for a probe with 2 mm diameter. Breast meat deboned early (0.25 and 1.25 h PM) showed less deformation than those deboned later. Tender meat in the deformation test predicted tender group comprised 78.9 and 84.6% of the total meat based on MORSE using both regressions. The use of this method resulted in more than a 50% improvement in the proportion of tender meat after classification, suggesting it could potentially be implemented as a nondestructive assessment method for sorting poultry breast meat by tenderness levels.Practical ApplicationsClassifying poultry breast meat into tender and tough groups could be of commercial importance due to the high value contribution to the poultry industry. Based on classification of breast meat using the deformation test developed in this study, tender breast meat can be marketed as a natural, nonenhanced or even premium product, while tough breast meat can be tenderized before marketing.
The Effects of Live and Artificial Diets on Feeding Performance of Cultured Winter Flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, in the Wild: Survival, Feeding, Growth, and Nucleic Acid Analyses
Authors: Walsh Michelle L. , Fairchild Elizabeth A. , Rennels Nathan , Howell W. Huntting , Mercaldo‐Allen Renee , Kuropat Catherine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis research, which is part of a larger study designed to assess the feasibility of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, stock enhancement in New Hampshire, identifies hatchery feeds that optimize feeding‐related performance of fish once released in the wild. Fish reared on post‐nauplii of brine shrimp, Artemia sp., white worms, Enchytraeus albidus, common burrower amphipods, Leptocheirus plumulosus, and formulated pellets were evaluated post‐release from in situ cages using survival, growth rate, feeding onset and incidence, stomach fullness, diet composition, and nucleic acid‐based condition as indicators of hatchery diet suitability. Amphipod‐reared fish had the highest mean stomach content index of all feed types, including wild fish. Wild and worm‐reared fish exhibited the most similar survival, overall stomach fullness, and diet composition profiles over time. Amphipod‐reared fish ranked highest in overall performance; however, if wild fish performance is viewed as the ideal for a stocked fish, worm‐reared fish performed optimally. This study describes hatchery feeding strategies that may ease the transition of flatfish released into the wild for stock enhancement.
Commercial Diets in Phase I Palmetto Bass, Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, Production in Plastic‐lined Ponds: Fertilizer or Feed?
Authors: Wamboldt James J. , Wanamaker Alan D. , Morris Joseph E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe role of offering a commercial pelleted diet has been characterized as both an expensive organic fertilizer and as a selected food item for larval hybrid striped bass (palmetto), Morone saxatilis × Morone chrysops, culture operations. In this study, we examined the effects of providing a commercial diet on fish production and zooplankton dynamics during phase I culture in plastic‐lined ponds. We also sought to estimate relative dietary contribution of a commercial fish feed relative to natural pond biota using stable isotope tissue analysis. Palmetto bass were stocked into six 0.04‐ha plastic‐lined ponds at a rate of 125,000/ha. During the 31‐d culture period, ponds were fertilized with alfalfa pellets at a rate of 112 kg/ha/wk. At 14 d post‐stock (dps), Silver Cup Trout Fry diet was offered at a rate of 13.6 kg/ha/d and fertilization was discontinued in three ponds. Although mean final fish length was significantly greater within the fed treatment, no other production parameters were found to be different (P < 0.1). Following feed application, copepod concentrations within the fed ponds were greater in magnitude by 24 dps. Through stable isotope tissue analysis, we found a significant enrichment in both 13C and 15ν of fish, zooplankton, and Chironomidae larvae within the fed ponds (P < 0.10). Using a three‐source mixing model, the mean (±SE) percent composition of feed in the fish's isotopic signature increased from 5% ±2 to 20% ±6 within 16 d. Although fish production was not greatly affected through the addition of a commercial fish feed, enriched 13C and 15ν of fish tissue indicate that palmetto bass fingerlings increasingly utilized the prepared diets over time. However, based on the isotopic values of fish and potential food sources, it can be estimated that natural pond biota likely accounted for up to 80% of nutrient assimilation in the hybrid striped bass.
Evaluation of Quality Parameters in the Meat of Pintado Amazônico, Female Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum × Male Leiarius marmoratus, Subjected to Different Slaughter Methods
Authors: Cassol Luzilene A. , Martins Marcelo A. , da Silva Maciel Elayna C. , Pinto Daniella M. , de Abreu Janessa S. , de Almeida Filho Edivaldo S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to check the effect of different stunning methods on the meat quality of Pintado Amazônico, female Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum × male Leiarius marmoratus, stored on ice for 18 d. A total of 90 specimens (2.5 ± 0.45 kg and 58.21 ± 6.20 cm) were divided into three groups and subjected to stunning by: water saturated with CO2, hypothermia on ice, or asphyxia in air. Subsequently, samples were removed to be analyzed after (times) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18 d. At the established times, aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic microorganisms and aerobic psychrotrophic heterotrophic microorganisms were quantified, and the pH, total volatile base nitrogen, color (L*a*b*), and sensory traits were analyzed. The stunning method significantly affected (P < 0.05) the meat quality. The group stunned on ice showed the best results compared with the other treatments.
Comparison of Growth Between Morone Hybrids (Palmetto and Sunshine) in Earthen Ponds
Authors: McEntire Matthew , Snyder Scott , Freeman Don 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPalmetto bass are produced by crossing the female striped bass, Morone saxatilis, with the male white bass, Morone chrysops; whereas, the sunshine bass is the reciprocal cross. The hybrid striped bass industry typically rears sunshine bass in earthen ponds, because of the ease of handling, availability, and early maturation of the white bass female broodstock. Growth performance has been assumed similar between the crosses. Under commercial pond conditions, sunshine bass (19.8 ± 0.4 g (mean ± SEM)) and palmetto bass (23.2 ± 0.3 g) were grown to market size (617.0 ± 17.2 g sunshine and 620 ± 3.6 g palmetto) within 15 mo, yielding 4532.6 kg/ha. The net production between the crosses was not significantly different and averaged 4373.4 kg/ha. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of sunshine bass (FCR 1.70) was better (P = 0.0158) than palmetto bass (FCR 1.76). Commercial processing metrics of each cross demonstrated significant differences, with sunshine bass exhibiting lower frame waste (P = 0.0457) than palmetto bass, probably due to fish body shape or conformational differences at this size. Without growth performance differences between the hybrids, there might be an advantage to rearing sunshine bass due to the slightly better FCR and increased skinless boneless fillet yield.
The Efficacy of Inactivated Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Combined with Levan/Alum as Vaccine against Photobacteriosis in Cobia, Rachycentron canadum
Authors: Guo Jiin‐Ju , Huang Mei‐Ying , Hong Jia‐Wei , Chuang Ya‐Chu , Chou Ruey‐Ling , Lee Yan‐Horn , Chen Tzyy‐Ing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is a major pathogen of cultured cobia (Rachycentron canadum), a primary target species for offshore cage culture in Taiwan. Serum antibody titers as well as efficiency and duration of protection against Phdp were evaluated following intraperitoneal administration of a candidate vaccine prepared with formalin‐inactivated whole cells in combination with levan/alum adjuvants. The results showed vaccinates delayed the disease onset and had significantly (P < 0.05) less mortality than control nonvaccinates during Days 21–105 postvaccination with highest relative percentage of survival (RPS) and antibody titer up to 81.4% and 1:614, respectively. There was a highly significant positive linear correlation between the RPS and antibody titer (R2 = 0.841). Long‐lasting and significant protection against Phdp can be achieved with inactivated Phdp plus levan/alum, a potential cobia vaccine against photobacteriosis. Levan/alum complex may represent a promising adjuvant formula for the development of a Phdp vaccine.
Collocational Processing in Light of the Phraseological Continuum Model: Does Semantic Transparency Matter?
Authors: Gyllstad Henrik , Wolter Brent 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present study investigates whether two types of word combinations (free combinations and collocations) differ in terms of processing by testing Howarth's Continuum Model based on word combination typologies from a phraseological tradition. A visual semantic judgment task was administered to advanced Swedish learners of English (n= 27) and native English‐speaking controls (n= 38). Reaction times and error rates were recorded for free combinations, collocations, and baseline items. There was a processing cost for collocations compared to free combinations, for both groups of participants. This cost likely stems from the semantically semi‐transparent nature of collocations as they are defined in the phraseological tradition. Furthermore, phrasal frequency based on corpus values also predicted reaction times. These results lend initial support to the Continuum Model from a processing perspective and suggest that degree of semantic transparency together with phrasal frequency plays an important role in collocational processing.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository athttp://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science:https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki
Response of colonic motility to dopaminergic stimulation is subverted in rats with nigrostriatal lesion: relevance to gastrointestinal dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Levandis G. , Balestra B. , Siani F. , Rizzo V. , Ghezzi C. , Ambrosi G. , Cerri S. , Bonizzi A. , Vicini R. , Vairetti M. , Ferrigno A. , Pastoris O. , Blandini F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundConstipation is extremely common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been described in PD animal models. In this study, we investigated whether a PD‐like degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra can influence peristalsis in colonic segments of rats by impacting on enteric dopaminergic transmission.MethodsMale, Sprague–Dawley rats received a unilateral injection of neurotoxin 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA), or saline, into the medial‐forebrain‐bundle. Peristaltic activity was recorded in isolated colonic segments, in baseline conditions and following exposure to combinations of D2 receptor (DRD2) agonist sumanirole and antagonist L‐741626. Dopamine levels and DRD2 expression were assessed in the ileum and colon of animals. We also investigated the involvement of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) — a potential relay station between central dopaminergic denervation and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction — by analyzing cytochrome c oxidase activity and FosB/DeltaFosB expression in DMV neurons.Key ResultsWe observed profound alterations in the response of colonic segments of 6‐OHDA lesioned animals to DRD2 stimulation. In fact, the inhibition of colonic peristalsis elicited by sumanirole in control rats was absent in 6‐OHDA‐lesioned animals. These animals also showed reduced DRD2 expression in the colon, along with elevation of dopamine levels. No significant changes were detected within the DMV.Conclusions & InferencesOur results demonstrate that selective lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway subverts the physiological response of the colon to dopaminergic stimulation, opening new perspectives in the comprehension and treatment of GI dysfunctions associated with PD.
A longitudinal study of accommodative changes in biometry during incipient presbyopia
Authors: Laughton Deborah S. , Sheppard Amy L. , Davies Leon N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo profile accommodative biometric changes longitudinally and to determine the influence of age‐related ocular structural changes on the accommodative response prior to the onset of presbyopia.MethodsTwenty participants (aged 34–41 years) were reviewed at six‐monthly intervals over two and a half years. At each visit, ocular biometry was measured with the LenStar biometer (www.Haag-Streit.com) in response to 0.00, 3.00 and 4.50 D stimuli. Accommodative responses were measured by the WAM 5500 Auto Ref/Keratometer (www.grandseiko.com).ResultsDuring accommodation, anterior chamber depth reduced (F = 29, p < 0.001), whereas crystalline lens thickness (F = 39, p < 0.001) and axial length (F = 5.4, p = 0.009) increased. The accommodative response (F = 5.5, p = 0.001) and the change in anterior chamber depth (F = 3.1, p = 0.039), crystalline lens thickness (F = 3.0, p = 0.042) and axial length (F = 2.5, p = 0.038) in response to the 4.50 D accommodative target reduced after 2.5 years. However, the change in anterior chamber depth (F = 2.2, p = 0.097), crystalline lens thickness (F = 1.7, p = 0.18) and axial length (F = 1.0, p = 0.40) per dioptre of accommodation exerted remained invariant after 2.5 years. The increase in disaccommodated crystalline lens thickness with age was not significantly associated with the reduction in accommodative response (R = 0.32, p = 0.17).ConclusionDespite significant age‐related structural changes in disaccommodated biometry, the change in biometry per dioptre of accommodation exerted remained invariant with age. The present study supports the Helmholtz theory of accommodation and suggests an increase in lenticular stiffness is primarily responsible for the onset of presbyopia.
Prevalence and causes of reduced visual acuity among children aged three to six years in a metropolis in China
Authors: Pan Chen‐Wei , Chen Xuejuan , Gong Yu , Yu Jiajia , Ding Hui , Bai Jing , Chen Ji , Zhu Hui , Fu Zhujun , Liu Hu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine the prevalence and possible causes for reduced visual acuity (VA) in preschool children in a metropolis in China.MethodsA school‐based paediatric eye survey including 5862 preschool children aged three to 6 years was conducted from 2011 to 2012 in Yuhuatai District, Nanjing, China, using an age‐stratified random sampling procedure. Clinical examinations including ocular alignment, ocular motility, visual acuity, prism cover test, cycloplegic refraction, stereopsis screening, slit lamp examination and fundus examination were performed by trained study ophthalmologists and optometrists. Reduced VA was defined as presenting VA of worse than 0.30 logMAR (Snellen 6/12 or 20/40), for both better and worse eyes.Results5667 (94.8%) children with complete VA data were included in the data analyses. Among them, 208 and 93 had reduced VA in the worse and better eye, respectively. Reduced VA was detected in 3.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.2%–4.2%) in the worse eye and 1.6% (95% CI 1.3%–2.0%) in the better eye. No significant age and gender differences in reduced VA were observed (p > 0.05). Refractive errors and amblyopia were the principal causes for reduced VA in the worse eye which accounted for 66.8% and 32.7% of the total cases with reduced VA, respectively. Astigmatism and hyperopia were the major types of refractive errors causing reduced VA.ConclusionsThe burden of reduced VA in preschool children in China was similar to that of Asian children of similar ages in the United States. Uncorrected refractive error and amblyopia were the principal causes for reduced VA among preschoolers (aged three to 6 years) in China.
Delivering oral surgery training in a primary care clinic
Authors: Nair P. , Ross‐Russell M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo describe the Cambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust Dental Service's experience of the oral surgery training of two general dental practitioners (GDPs).Materials and methodsCambridgeshire Community Services NHS Trust Dental Service has previously presented the results of a 12‐month clinical attachment to develop the skills of a referring general dental practitioner in oral surgery. We now describe our experience of further oral surgery training of two general dental practitioners who benefitted from a 6‐month programme. This included one half day per week of “hands on” oral surgery experience and the development of a portfolio of evidence to demonstrate competence.ResultsOur results led us to conclude that a 6‐month training programme in a primary care clinic can develop trainees with appropriate skills to safely provide the full range of oral surgical treatment that is appropriate to deliver in a primary care setting.ConclusionGDPs can be taken from low confidence and over referral to high confidence, low referral rate and the ability to take a lead in this area of clinical dentistry within their own practices. We would like Health Education England/LETBs to consider training in primary care when planning oral surgical training at all levels.
Failure mode and effective analysis ameliorate awareness of medical errors: a 4‐year prospective observational study in critically ill children
Authors: Daverio Marco , Fino Giuliana , Luca Brugnaro , Zaggia Cristina , Pettenazzo Andrea , Parpaiola Antonella , Lago Paola , Amigoni Angela 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackgroundErrors in are estimated to occur with an incidence of 3.7–16.6% in hospitalized patients. The application of systems for detection of adverse events is becoming a widespread reality in healthcare. Incident reporting (IR) and failure mode and effective analysis (FMEA) are strategies widely used to detect errors, but no studies have combined them in the setting of a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).AimThe aim of our study was to describe the trend of IR in a PICU and evaluate the effect of FMEA application on the number and severity of the errors detected.MethodsWith this prospective observational study, we evaluated the frequency IR documented in standard IR forms completed from January 2009 to December 2012 in the PICU of Woman's and Child's Health Department of Padova. On the basis of their severity, errors were classified as: without outcome (55%), with minor outcome (16%), with moderate outcome (10%), and with major outcome (3%); 16% of reported incidents were ‘near misses’. We compared the data before and after the introduction of FMEA.ResultsSixty‐nine errors were registered, 59 (86%) concerning drug therapy (83% during prescription). Compared to 2009–2010, in 2011–2012, we noted an increase of reported errors (43 vs 26) with a reduction of their severity (21% vs 8% ‘near misses’ and 65% vs 38% errors with no outcome).ConclusionWith the introduction of FMEA, we obtained an increased awareness in error reporting. Application of these systems will improve the quality of healthcare services.
Increased p53 protein expression as a potential predictor of early relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Mattsson Kristin , Honkaniemi Emma , Barbany Gisela , Gustafsson Britt 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDysregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle such as TP53, P21, P16, and PTEN plays a key role in oncogenesis. We have earlier reported increased expression of the TP53 encoded protein p53, in bone marrow samples from pediatric patients with more aggressive, rare chronic myeloid malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate protein expression of p53, p21, p16, and PTEN before and after HSCT in pediatric patients with AML and evaluate whether any potential alterations could predict relapse after HSCT. Paraffin‐embedded bone marrow samples from 34 pediatric patients with AML were collected retrospectively from time of diagnosis as well as pre‐ and post‐HSCT. IHC was performed on tissue microarrays with antibodies against p53, p21, p16, and PTEN. Study material was analyzed by independent t‐tests and nonlinear regression. t‐Tests showed a statistical significant difference in p53 (p = 0.010) with overexpression in the group of patients who relapsed compared to the relapse‐free patients at >3–6 months post‐HSCT. Analysis of p53 protein expression by IHC may be a potential predictor for relapse after HSCT in children with AML.