bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contextual risk and promotive processes in Puerto Rican youths' internalizing trajectories in Puerto Rico and New York
Authors: Ramos-Olazagasti María A. , Shrout Patrick E. , Yoshikawa Hirokazu , Canino Glorisa J. , Bird Héctor R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearch on ethnic-minority youths' mental health has rarely examined developmental trajectories for the same ethnic group in contexts where they are a minority versus where they are the majority or mechanisms accounting for differences in trajectories across such contexts. This study examines Puerto Rican youth residing in two contexts, one in which they are in their home culture of Puerto Rico and one in which they are a minority group, in New York. We explore the relationship among social context, minority status, risk, resilience, and trajectories of internalizing symptoms after adjusting for factors related to migration. We found that youths' reports of internalizing symptoms declined over time. Youths in New York had higher levels of internalizing symptoms than did youths in Puerto Rico, but they had similar trajectories. Differences in internalizing symptoms across the two social contexts were accounted for by experiences of discrimination and exposure to violence. Parental monitoring was associated with fewer internalizing symptoms across the two sites, although this effect diminished over time. Contrary to what was expected, family religiosity was associated with higher levels of internalizing symptoms. This association was stronger in New York than in the Puerto Rico site.
Restricted and repetitive behaviors in autism spectrum disorders: The relationship of attention and motor deficits
Authors: Ravizza Susan M. , Solomon Marjorie , Ivry Richard B. , Carter Cameron S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRestricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) are hallmark symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, it has proven difficult to understand the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. One hypothesis suggests that RRBs are the result of a core deficit in attention. Alternatively, abnormalities of the motor system may constitute the central mechanism underlying RRBs, given motor deficits observed in ASDs. In this experiment, we investigated the etiology of RRBs and the relationship between attention and motor deficits. Movement impairments (a) may be indirectly related to attention deficits, (b) may result from a shared compromised process, or (c) may be independent. Twenty-two adolescents with ASD and 20 typically developing participants performed a spatial attention task. Movement impairments were assessed with a rhythmic tapping task. Attentional orienting and motor control were found to be related and supported the hypothesis that these impairments in ASD arise from a shared process. In contrast, measures of attention switching and motor control were found to be independent. Stereotyped behaviors, as assessed by parental ratings, were related more to the degree of motor impairment than to deficits of attention. These results suggest that both attentional orienting deficits and stereotyped RRBs are related to a compromised motor system.
THE ARGUMENT FROM IGNORANCE AND ITS CRITICS IN MEDIEVAL ARABIC THOUGHT
Authors: Shihadeh Ayman 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe earliest debate on the argument from ignorance emerged in Islamic rational theology around the fourth/tenth century, approximately seven centuries before John Locke identified it as a distinct type of argument. The most influential defences of the epistemological principle that ‘that for which there is no evidence must be negated’ are encountered in Muʿtazilī sources, particularly ʿAbd al-Jabbār and al-Malāḥimī who argue that without this principle scepticism will follow. The principle was defended on different grounds by some earlier Ashʿarīs, but was then rejected by al-Juwaynī, and was eventually classed as a fallacy by Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī whoseNihāyat al-ʿuqūlcontains the most definitive and comprehensive refutation of classical kalām epistemology and the first ever defence of Aristotelian logic in a kalām summa. According to the eighth/fourteenth-century historian Ibn Khaldūn, this debate provided the main impetus for the philosophical turn that Ashʿarism took during the sixth/twelfth century.
Cardiomyopathy in young adults with classic mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Malev Eduard , Reeva Svetlana , Vasina Lyubov , Timofeev Eugeny , Pshepiy Asiyet , Korshunova Alexandra , Prokudina Maria , Zemtsovsky Eduard 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground: In some inherited connective tissue diseases with involvement of the cardiovascular system, for example, Marfan syndrome, early impairment of left ventricular function, which have been described as Marfan-related cardiomyopathy has been reported. Our aim was to evaluate the left ventricular function in young adults with mitral valve prolapse without significant mitral regurgitation using two-dimensional strain imaging and to determine the possible role of the transforming growth factor-β pathway in its deterioration. Methods: We studied 78 young adults with mitral valve prolapse without mitral regurgitation in comparison with 80 sex-matched and age-matched healthy individuals. Longitudinal strain and strain rates were defined using spackle tracking. Concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 and β2 in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: In 29 patients, classic relapse was identified with a leaflet thickness of ≥ 5 mm; 49 patients had a non-classic mitral valve prolapse. Despite the similar global systolic function, a significant reduction in global strain was found in the classic group (−15.5 ± 2.9%) compared with the non-classic group (−18.7 ± 3.8; p = 0.0002) and the control group (−19.6 ± 3.4%; p < 0.0001). In young adults with non-classic prolapse, a reduction in longitudinal deformation was detected only in septal segments. Transforming growth factor-β1 and β2 serum levels were elevated in patients with classic prolapse as compared with the control group and the non-classic mitral valve prolapse group. Conclusions: These changes in the deformations may be the first signs of deterioration of the left ventricular function and the existence of primary cardiomyopathy in young adults with mitral valve prolapse, which may be caused by increased transforming growth factor-β signalling.
THE -SINGULAR DICHOTOMY FOR EXCEPTIONAL LIE GROUPS AND ALGEBRAS
Authors: HARE K. E. , JOHNSTONE D. L. , SHI F. , YEUNG W.-K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe show that every orbital measure, ${\mu }_{x} $, on a compact exceptional Lie group or algebra has the property that for every positive integer either ${ \mu }_{x}^{k} \in {L}^{2} $ and the support of ${ \mu }_{x}^{k} $ has non-empty interior, or ${ \mu }_{x}^{k} $ is singular to Haar measure and the support of ${ \mu }_{x}^{k} $ has Haar measure zero. We also determine the index $k$ where the change occurs; it depends on properties of the set of annihilating roots of $x$. This result was previously established for the classical Lie groups and algebras. To prove this dichotomy result we combinatorially characterize the subroot systems that are kernels of certain homomorphisms.
Development and Evaluation of New Coupling System for Lower Limb Prostheses with Acoustic Alarm System
Authors: Eshraghi Arezoo , Osman Noor Azuan Abu , Gholizadeh Hossein , Ahmadian Jalil , Rahmati Bizhan , Abas Wan Abu Bakar Wan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIndividuals with lower limb amputation need a secure suspension system for their prosthetic devices. A new coupling system was developed that is capable of suspending the prosthesis. The system's safety is ensured through an acoustic alarm system. This article explains how the system works and provides an in vivo evaluation of the device with regard to pistoning during walking. The system was designed to be used with silicone liners and is based on the requirements of prosthetic suspension systems. Mechanical testing was performed using a universal testing machine. The pistoning during walking was measured using a motion analysis system. The new coupling device produced significantly less pistoning compared to a common suspension system (pin/lock). The safety alarm system would buzz if the suspension was going to fail. The new coupling system could securely suspend the prostheses in transtibial amputees and produced less vertical movement than the pin/lock system.
Identification of Specific Language Impairment in Bilingual Children: I. Assessment in English
Authors: Gillam Ronald B. , Peña Elizabeth D. , Bedore Lisa M. , Bohman Thomas M. , Mendez-Perez Anita 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis study was designed to derive cut scores for English testing for use in identifying specific language impairment (SLI) in bilingual children who were learning English as a second language.MethodIn a 1-gate design, 167 children received comprehensive language assessments in English and Spanish during their first-grade year. The reference standard was identification by a team of expert bilingual speech-language pathologists. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses were used to identify the optimal prediction model for SLI.ResultsThe original, English EpiSLI criteria (Tomblin, Records, & Zhang, 1996) yielded a sensitivity of .95 and a specificity of .45 (LR+ = 1.73, LR− = 0.11, and AUC = .79) for our bilinguals. Revised cutoff scores yielded a sensitivity of .86 and a specificity of .68 (LR+ = 2.67, LR− = 0.21, and AUC = .77). An optimal prediction model yielded a sensitivity of .81 and a specificity of .81 (LR+ = 4.37, LR− = 0.23 and AUC = .85).ConclusionThe results of English testing could be used to make a reasonably accurate diagnostic decision for bilingual children who had attended public school for at least 1 year and were using English at least 30% of the time.
An induction reactor for studying crude-oil oxidation relevant to in situ combustion
Authors: Bazargan Mohammad , Lapene Alexandre , Chen Bo , Castanier Louis M. , Kovscek Anthony R. 
Published: July 2013

In a conventional ramped temperature oxidation kinetics cell experiment, an electrical furnace is used to ramp temperature at a prescribed rate. Thus, the heating rate of a kinetics cell experiment is limited by furnace performance to heating rates of about 0.5–3 °C/min. A new reactor has been designed to overcome this limit. It uses an induction heating method to ramp temperature. Induction heating is fast and easily controlled. The new reactor covers heating rates from 1 to 30 °C/min. This is the first time that the oxidation profiles of a crude oil are available over such a wide range of heating rate. The results from an induction reactor and a conventional kinetics cell at roughly 2 °C/min are compared to illustrate consistency between the two reactors. The results at low heating rate are the same as the conventional kinetics cell. As presented in the paper, the new reactor couples well with the isoconversional method for interpretation of reaction kinetics.
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is necessary for the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Muñoz Denise P. , Lee Elbert L. , Takayama Sachiko , Coppé Jean-Philippe , Heo Seok-Jin , Boffelli Dario , Di Noia Javier M. , Martin David I. K. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a driving force behind normal morphogenesis and tumor metastasis. We have found evidence that the EMT in both malignant and nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells requires the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). AID is induced in mammary epithelial cell lines by inflammatory stimuli that also induce the EMT. Deficiency of AID in these cells blocks morphological and transcriptional changes typical of the EMT and increases promoter cytosine methylation in genes encoding key EMT factors. These findings suggest that AID regulates gene expression in a complex developmental process that involves epigenetic reprogramming.
Use of Stable Isotopes to Identify Redds of Putative Hatchery and Wild Atlantic Salmon and Evaluate Their Spawning Habitat and Egg Thiamine Status in a Lake Ontario Tributary
Authors: Fitzsimons John D. , Dalton Alex , MacVeigh Brydon , Heaton Mark , Wilson Chris , Honeyfield Dale C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Both wild and hatchery Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar can contribute to restoration but can exhibit differences in spawning habitat selection (e.g., water depth, current speed) and egg nutritional quality (e.g., thiamine), which affect reproductive success. Hence, there is a need to be able to differentiate the spawning contribution of the two groups in the wild. As diets of wild and hatchery-reared spawners are markedly dissimilar and diet is known to influence stable isotope signature, egg stable isotope signatures offer the potential to discriminate redds of each. Using stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ 15N) of naturally spawned Atlantic Salmon eggs, we were able to discriminate the redds of putative wild (i.e., previously stocked life stage feeding in Lake Ontario; EWSR) from putative hatchery-reared Atlantic Salmon (EHSR). Eggs of EWSR were significantly more enriched in nitrogen (δ15N: 15.0 ± 0.5‰ [mean ± SE]) but more depleted in carbon (δ13C: −26.6 ± 0.3‰) than eggs of EHSR (δ15N = 9.8 ± 0.6‰; δ13C = −17.5 ± 0.0‰). Eggs of EHSR were indistinguishable from eggs of known hatchery Atlantic Salmon for both δ13C and δ 15N. Using stable isotopes to discriminate redd type, few differences were found between the spawning habitat of putative wild and hatchery spawners. Similarly using the same criteria, thiamine levels in eggs of EWSR (8,474 ± 840 pmol/g) were not significantly different from eggs of known wild Atlantic Salmon (3,691 ± 782 pmol/g) or of eggs of EHSR (14,865 ± 1,050 pmol/g), whose thiamine levels were indistinguishable from eggs of known hatchery Atlantic Salmon (14,200 ± 1,167 pmol/g). Egg thiamine levels for all groups were above established mortality thresholds. Our results indicate that both hatchery and wild Atlantic Salmon can make reproductive contributions, which can be differentiated and quantified using stable isotope signatures.
Received August 24, 2012; accepted May 15, 2013
A Comparison of Methods to Estimate Shovelnose Sturgeon Mortality in the Mississippi River Adjacent to Missouri and Illinois
Authors: Phelps Quinton E. , Vining Ivan , Herzog David P. , Dames Ross , Travnichek Vince H. , Tripp Sara J. , Boone Mark 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Mortality is a key parameter in understanding the dynamics of any fish population. We examined three methods to evaluate Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus mortality (e.g., ratio of first year recruits to all recruits [Heincke's method], a linearized weighted catch curve, and an open system mark–recapture mortality approach). The Mississippi River was sampled in two distinct but connected geomorphic sections: upper Mississippi River (UMR; river kilometer 323–587) and the middle Mississippi River (MMR; river kilometer 0–322). All analyses were pooled across these areas due to potential emigration or immigration throughout both study reaches. Heincke's method estimated annual mortality at 16.9% for the full range of ages (9–23 years) with generally increasing estimates with decreasing age ranges considered (10–23, 11–23, 12–23, and so on). A linearized weighted catch curve that considered increasing estimates of mortality for the shorter age ranges generated an annual mortality estimate of 29.0%.d Four mark–recapture models were considered using the program MARK. The model with the greatest support was the model that provided estimates of annual mortality for each year and a single recapture probability. The annual mortality estimates from this model varied from 2.7% to 70.7% after correcting for tag loss. The best fit model with a single estimate of annual mortality was the one that estimated annual recapture probabilities for each year and had a mortality estimate of 34.6% (after correcting for tag loss, but not for immigration, emigration, or sampling effort). The three methods provided varying results, and our data indicated that a single method to estimate Shovlenose Sturgeon mortality rate may not be appropriate. As such, biologists must recognize that disparities in Shovelnose Sturgeon mortality rates may exist using various methods and should use caution when choosing which method will be employed to estimate sturgeon mortality.
Received August 1, 2012; accepted May 16, 2013
First Report of Rice yellow mottle virus in Rice in the Central African Republic
Authors: Longué D. R. S. , Galzi-Pinel A. , Semballa S. , Zinga I. , Fargette D. , Traoré O. 
Published: July 2013

Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV, genus Sobemovirus) is a major biotic constraint to rice production in Africa. First reported in Kenya in 1966, RYMV was later found in most countries in Africa where rice (Oryza sativa, O. glaberrima) is grown (4). In the Central African Republic, the disease has never been reported in rice fields. In October 2011, plants with leaf yellowing and mottling symptoms were observed in large irrigated rice production schemes about 30 km west of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic, and in lowland subsistence fields in Bangui outskirts. Disease incidence was estimated at 5 to 10%, causing small patches in the fields. Mechanical inoculation with extracts of symptomatic leaves reproduced the typical yellow mottle symptoms on the susceptible O. sativa cultivar BG90-2 6 to 9 days after inoculation. Symptomatic leaves of 12 cultivated plants collected in seed beds or in fields reacted positively when tested by ELISA with polyclonal antisera raised against a Madagascan isolate of RYMV (1). Discriminating monoclonal antibodies showed that the samples contained RYMV serotype 1, a serotype found in West and Central Africa (1). Total RNA was extracted by the RNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) from six samples. The 720-nt RYMV coat protein gene was amplified by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR with primers 5′CTCCCCCACCCATCCCGAGAATT3′ and 5′CAAAGATGGCCAGGAA3′ (2). RT-PCR products were directly sequenced and sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KF054740 through KF054745). These six sequences showed over 98% identity with each other, and were found to be closely related to sequences of isolates from Chad and Cameroon in Central Africa (3). Knowledge of the presence of RYMV in the Central African Republic is important since rice cultivation has intensified in this country. In addition, rice is also increasingly considered as one of the main staple crops in the country. References: (1) D. Fargette et al. Arch. Virol. 147:583, 2002. (2) A. Pinel et al. Arch. Virol. 145:1621, 2000. (3) O. Traoré et al. Plant Dis. 96:1230, 2001. (4) O. Traoré et al. Virus Res. 141:258, 2009.
First Report of Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus Infecting Sweet Potato in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Deng X.-G. , Zhu F. , Zhu T. , Lin H.-H. , Xi D.-H. 
Published: July 2013

Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV) is one of several viruses naturally infecting sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.), and it has recently been classified as a new member of the genus Carlavirus (family Flexiviridae) (1). However, SPCFV is distantly related to typical carlaviruses, as most of its putative gene products share amino acid sequence identities of <40% with those of typical carlaviruses (1). China is the largest sweet potato producing country in the world. So far, SPCFV has been reported in eastern China, such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan (3), and Guangdong (2) provinces, but no reports exist in western China. Sichuan Province, located in southwestern China, is the largest sweet potato producing area in the country. There are big differences between the environment and climate conditions between Sichuan and eastern China. During 2012, a survey was constructed to determine the genetic diversity and distribution of sweet potato viruses in Sichuan. Forty-seven sweet potato samples exhibiting virus-like symptoms were collected from four different geographic areas of the province. Western blotting using the antisera obtained from the International Potato Center showed that two samples were positive for SPCFV, whereas with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, only one isolate of SPCFV was obtained from a sample exhibiting symptoms of chlorosis, leaf distortion, and vein clearing. Serological detection indicated that the plant was co-infected with SPCFV, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), and Sweet potato virus G (SPVG). Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leaves using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) according to the manufacturer's protocol, and RT-PCR was performed by using primer pairs SPCFV-CP F (5′-ATGGCGGCGAAGGAGGCTGATA-3′) and SPCFV-CP R (5′-TCACTTGCACTTCCCATTAC-3′) corresponding to the entire coat protein (CP) gene of SPCFV. Expected DNA fragments of 900 bp were obtained from the symptomatic plant but not from control plants. The obtained fragments were purified and cloned into the PMD19-T vector (TaKaRa). Recombinant plasmids were then transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli strain DH5α. Nucleotide BLAST analysis revealed that the 900-bp fragment (GenBank Accession No. KC414676) shared 87 to 91% nucleotide identities with other SPCFV isolates available in the GenBank database. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the co-infection between SPCFV and other sweet potato viruses including SPFMV and SPVG in China, and this is the first molecular report of SPCFV in Sichuan, western China. It shows that SPCFV is spreading to a new ecological area of China, and the spread of the virus may affect sweet potato crop yields in western China. Some measures must be carried out quickly to control the virus. References: (1) V. Aritua et al. Arch. Virol. 152:813, 2007. (2) V. Aritua et al. Plant Dis. 93:87, 2009. (3) Q. Wang et al. Crop. Prot. 29:110, 2010.