bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale in Severely Obese Patients
Authors: Paiva-Medeiros Paula Francielle , Duarte-Guerra Leorides Severo , Santo Marco Aurélio , Lotufo-Neto Francisco , Wang Yuan-Pang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObesity is a chronic condition worldwide and has frequent association with major depression. The Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was applied to obese patients in order to detect briefly and systematically depressive symptoms. The objectives were: to estimate the reliability of the MADRS and to investigate the criterion validity of MADRS. The best cut-off point to detect depressive symptoms was determined in comparison with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Diagnosis (SCID-I). The sample was recruited consecutively from the waiting list of a bariatric surgery service of the university clinic. Trained clinical psychologists applied the assessment instruments. The final sample was comprised of 374 class III obese adults (women 79.9 %, mean age 43.3 years [SD 11.6], mean body mass index 47.0 kg/m2 [SD 7.1]). The mean total score of the MADRS was 7.73 (SD 11.33) for the total sample, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of .93. Women presented higher mean score than men (8.08 versus 6.33; p = .23). The best cut-off point was 13/14 in accordance with the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, yielding a sensitivity of .81 and specificity of .85. The overall ability to discriminate depression according to area under the curve was .87. The results showed that the MADRS is a reliable and valid scale to detect depressive symptoms among patients seeking treatment in preoperative period, displaying adequate psychometric properties.
Roads and cities of 18th century France
Authors: Perret Julien , Gribaudi Maurizio , Barthelemy Marc 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe evolution of infrastructure networks such as roads and streets are of utmost importance to understand the evolution of urban systems. However, datasets describing these spatial objects are rare and sparse. The database presented here represents the road network at the french national level described in the historical map of Cassini in the 18th century. The digitization of this historical map is based on a collaborative methodology that we describe in detail. This dataset can be used for a variety of interdisciplinary studies, covering multiple spatial resolutions and ranging from history, geography, urban economics to network science.
Electro-magnetic field promotes osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSCs through a selective action on Ca2+-related mechanisms
Authors: Petecchia Loredana , Sbrana Francesca , Utzeri Roberto , Vercellino Marco , Usai Cesare , Visai Livia , Vassalli Massimo , Gavazzo Paola 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExposure to Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) has been shown to affect proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow stroma (BM-hMSC). These cells offer considerable promise in the field of regenerative medicine, but their clinical application is hampered by major limitations such as poor availability and the time required to differentiate up to a stage suitable for implantation. For this reason, several research efforts are focusing on identifying strategies to speed up the differentiation process. In this work we investigated thein vitroeffect of PEMF on Ca2+-related mechanisms promoting the osteogenic differentiation of BM-hMSC. Cells were daily exposed to PEMF while subjected to osteogenic differentiation and various Ca2+-related mechanisms were monitored using multiple approaches for identifying functional and structural modifications related to this process. The results indicate that PEMF exposure promotes chemically induced osteogenesis by mechanisms that mainly interfere with some of the calcium-related osteogenic pathways, such as permeation and regulation of cytosolic concentration, leaving others, such as extracellular deposition, unaffected. The PEMF effect is primarily associated to early enhancement of intracellular calcium concentration, which is proposed here as a reliable hallmark of the osteogenic developmental stage.
The Effect of Advancing Age on Auditory Middle- and Long-Latency Evoked Potentials Using a Steady-State-Response Approach
Authors: Tlumak Abreena I. , Durrant John D. , Delgado Rafael E. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to objectively detect age-specific changes that occur in equivalent auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs), corresponding to transient middle- and long-latency auditory evoked potentials as a function of repetition rate and advancing age.

Method
The study included 48 healthy hearing adults who were equally divided into 3 groups by age: 20–39, 40–59, and 60–79 years. ASSRs were recorded at 7 repetition rates from 40 down to 0.75 Hz, elicited by trains of repeated tone burst stimuli.

Results
Temporal analysis of middle- and long-latency equivalent ASSRs revealed no appreciable changes in the magnitudes of the response across the age groups. Likewise, the spectral analysis revealed that advancing age did not substantially affect the spectral content of the response at each repetition rate. Furthermore, the harmonic sum was not significantly different across the 3 age groups, between the younger adults versus the combined Older Group Sample 1 and Sample 2, and between the two extreme age groups (i.e., 20–39 vs. 60–79) for the middle- and long-latency equivalent ASSRs.

Conclusion
Advancing age has no effect on the long-latency equivalent ASSRs; however, aging does affect the middle-latency equivalent ASSRs when the mean age difference is ≥ 40 years.
Gradual regime shifts in fairy circles
Authors: Zelnik Yuval R. , Meron Ehud , Bel Golan 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Combining model and empirical data analyses, we show that transitions between alternative stable states (regime shifts) in spatially extended ecosystems are not necessarily abrupt; cascades of local shifts between a multitude of stable states, composed of patterned and uniform domains, can result in global regime shifts that proceed gradually. In the Namibian fairy circle ecosystem (barren circular gaps in grasslands), such local shifts appear as fairy circle birth or death processes. This mechanism of regime shifts has never been demonstrated in a specific natural context. In addition, the results reported here further support the view of fairy circles as a self-organization phenomenon by providing a new type of evidence based on dynamical processes.
An algorithm for automated layout of process description maps drawn in SBGN
Authors: Genc Begum , Dogrusoz Ugur 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Evolving technology has increased the focus on genomics. The combination of today’s advanced techniques with decades of molecular biology research has yielded huge amounts of pathway data. A standard, named the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN), was recently introduced to allow scientists to represent biological pathways in an unambiguous, easy-to-understand and efficient manner. Although there are a number of automated layout algorithms for various types of biological networks, currently none specialize on process description (PD) maps as defined by SBGN.
Results: We propose a new automated layout algorithm for PD maps drawn in SBGN. Our algorithm is based on a force-directed automated layout algorithm called Compound Spring Embedder (CoSE). On top of the existing force scheme, additional heuristics employing new types of forces and movement rules are defined to address SBGN-specific rules. Our algorithm is the only automatic layout algorithm that properly addresses all SBGN rules for drawing PD maps, including placement of substrates and products of process nodes on opposite sides, compact tiling of members of molecular complexes and extensively making use of nested structures (compound nodes) to properly draw cellular locations and molecular complex structures. As demonstrated experimentally, the algorithm results in significant improvements over use of a generic layout algorithm such as CoSE in addressing SBGN rules on top of commonly accepted graph drawing criteria.
Availability and implementation: An implementation of our algorithm in Java is available within ChiLay library (https://github.com/iVis-at-Bilkent/chilay).
Contact: ugur@cs.bilkent.edu.tr or dogrusoz@cbio.mskcc.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Keynes, Liberalism, and ‘The Emancipation of the Mind’
Authors: Toye Richard 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article offers a more systematic assessment of John Maynard Keynes’s attitude to Liberalism, and his engagement with the Liberal Party, than has previously been attempted. It does so as a means of exploring how the study of ideologies should be approached. To Keynes, ideologies were not simply constellations of fixed principles; in his view, policies were always contingent on circumstances, and thus what was appropriate now would become outdated in the future. The Liberal, therefore, needed a flexible and experimental psychological attitude, in order to devise solutions that were appropriate to changing conditions. Using his 1925 lecture ‘Am I a Liberal?’ as a starting point, it is argued here that Keynes saw Liberalism primarily as a discursive practice in the public sphere, that is to say as a technique for ‘doing politics’. We need not take Keynes’s evaluation of his own Liberal mind-set at face value, but it nonetheless casts light on the nature of Liberalism in this period. In spite of the Liberal party’s electoral decline, the political conditions of the 1920s were particularly well suited to Keynes’s vision. For him, Liberalism depended upon, but would also help to facilitate, what he referred to as ‘the emancipation of the mind.’
Comparing Percutaneous Physeal Epiphysiodesis and Eight-Plate Epiphysiodesis for the Treatment of Limb Length Discrepancy
Authors: Bayhan Ilhan A. , Karatas Ali F. , Rogers Kenneth J. , Bowen J. Richard , Thacker Mihir M. 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Either percutaneous or eight-plate epiphysiodesis have been shown to be effective growth modulation techniques for the treatment of limb length discrepancies (LLD). However, few studies compared the outcomes of both techniques with some confounding results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the both techniques in the treatment of the LLD.

Methods:
Between 2004 and 2012, medical records of all cases that underwent either eight-plate or percutaneous epiphysiodesis (PE) were reviewed. Age at surgery, sex, diagnosis, surgical site (proximal tibia/distal femur), time of follow-up, complications, and additional procedures were noted. Correction of the LLD was evaluated to calculate the rate of correction and the percentage of improvement from the long-leg standing x-rays or scanograms, collected at each visit.

Results:
There were 24 patients in the eight-plate (10 girls and 14 boys) and 48 patients in the PE group (28 girls and 20 boys). No statistically significant difference was found in the age, sex, preoperative LLD, or follow-up between groups. Both groups reached to an average LLD below 2 cm. The percentage of improvement was significantly higher in the PE group (P=0.031). The rate of individual femoral and tibial correction did not differ between the groups.

Conclusions:
Both methods are shown to be effective for LLD correction. However, PE led to greater improvement during the same follow-up time with fewer complications and less need for additional surgical procedures.
Low Back Pain in Adolescents: A 1-Year Analysis of Eventual Diagnoses
Authors: Yang Scott , Werner Brian C. , Singla Anuj , Abel Mark F. 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Back pain in adolescents is very common and often seen in the office for evaluation of potential spinal pathology. Pediatric back pain has often thought to be from serious identifiable causes such as spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, tumor, or infection. A follow-up analysis of adolescents initially presenting with back pain to their eventual subsequent diagnosis within 1 year has not been reported on a large scale with a national sample.

Methods:
A national insurance database (PearlDiver Patient Records Database) was queried for ICD-9 codes to identify patients aged 10 to 19 years with back pain from 2007 to 2010. These patients were tracked for imaging obtained, and eventual development of subsequent associated spinal pathology diagnoses using CPT and ICD-9 codes for up to 1 year after initial presentation.

Results:
A total of 215,592 adolescents were identified presenting with low back pain (LBP) from 2007 to 2010. Over 80% of adolescents with LBP had no identifiable diagnosis within 1 year. The most common associated subsequent diagnoses were lumbar strain/spasm (8.9%), followed by scoliosis (4.7%), lumbar degenerative disk disease (1.7%), and lumbar disk herniation (1.3%). The rates of all other diagnoses including spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, infection, tumor, and fracture had <1% association with LBP.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, adolescent LBP is a common diagnosis for which underlying serious pathology is rare. The most common diagnosis aside from strain or muscle spasm associated with LBP are scoliosis and degenerative disk disease. Pediatric orthopaedists often are consulted on patients with LBP and should always have high suspicion for potential serious spinal pathology, but should recognize the most common etiologies of back pain in adolescence.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
The effects of both recent and long-term selection and genetic drift are readily evident in North American barley breeding populations
Authors: Poets Ana M. , Mohammadi Mohsen , Seth Kiran , Wang Hongyun , Kono Thomas J.Y. , Fang Zhou , Muehlbauer Gary J. , Smith Kevin P. , Morrell Peter L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBarley was introduced to North America ∼400 years ago but adaptation to modern production environments is more recent. Comparisons of allele frequencies among different growth habits and inflorescence types in North America indicate significant genetic differentiation has accumulated in a relatively short evolutionary time span. Allele frequency differentiation is greatest among barley with two-row versus six-row inflorescences, and then by spring versus winter growth habit. Large changes in allele frequency among breeding programs suggest a major contribution of genetic drift and linked selection on genetic variation. Despite this, comparisons of 3,613 modern North American cultivated breeding lines that differ for row type and growth habit permit the discovery of 183 SNP outliers putatively linked to targets of selection. For example, SNPs within theCbf4, Ppd-H1, andVrn-H1loci which have previously been associated with agronomically-adaptive phenotypes, are identified as outliers. Analysis of extended haplotype-sharing identifies genomic regions shared within and among breeding programs, suggestive of a number of genomic regions subject to recent selection. Finally, we are able to identify recent bouts of gene flow between breeding programs that could point to the sharing of agronomically-adaptive variation. These results are supported by pedigrees and breeders understanding of germplasm sharing.
Pressure ulcers induced by drug administration: A new concept and report of four cases in elderly patients
Authors: Mizokami Fumihiro , Takahashi Yoshiko , Hasegawa Keiko , Hattori Hideyuki , Nishihara Keiji , Endo Hidetoshi , Furuta Katsunori , Isogai Zenzo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDrug‐induced akinesia is a potential cause of pressure ulcers. However, pressure ulcers that are caused by drug‐induced akinesia are not considered an adverse drug reaction (ADR). We propose that drug‐induced pressure ulcers (DIPU) are pressure ulcers that are caused by an external force that is experienced after drug administration, and we considered resolution of these ulcers after drug discontinuation to be a supportive finding. In this report, we reviewed the medical records of pressure ulcer cases from a 300‐bed hospital. Among 148 patients, four patients with pressure ulcers met the criterion for DIPU. In these cases, the suspected DIPU were related to treatment with olanzapine, fluvoxamine, valproic acid, clotiazepam, triazolam and rilmazafone. These drugs were administrated to manage the patients' behavioral and psychological symptoms that accompanied dementia. The DIPU in these patients were categorized as stage IV according to the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel criteria. Discontinuation of the causal drugs led to significant improvements or complete healing of the pressure ulcers, and the patients subsequently recovered their mobility. Therefore, we propose that DIPU are potential ADR that have been overlooked in clinical practice. Thus, recognition of DIPU as an ADR may be important in preventing and appropriately managing pressure ulcers among elderly patients.
Effects of grazing on soil nitrogen spatial heterogeneity depend on herbivore assemblage and pre‐grazing plant diversity
Authors: Liu Chen , Song Xuxin , Wang Ling , Wang Deli , Zhou Xiaomei , Liu Jun , Zhao Xuan , Li Jing , Lin Haijiao 
Published: September 2015

Summary

The spatial heterogeneity of limiting soil resources is an essential factor determining ecosystem processes and function. It has been reported that large herbivores can strongly impact the variation and spatial distribution pattern of soil nitrogen (N). However, it remains unclear how large herbivores affect soil spatial heterogeneity and whether this influence is dependent on plant community diversity.

Here we examined effects of different herbivore assemblages [no grazing; cattle grazing (CG); sheep grazing (SG); and mixed grazing (MG) of cattle and sheep] on soil N spatial heterogeneity in grasslands with high and low pre‐grazing plant diversity in an eastern Eurasian steppe.

We found that herbivore grazing generated and maintained spatial patterns of soil nutrients, depending on herbivore assemblage and the level of pre‐grazing plant diversity. CG increased the spatial heterogeneity of soil available N in Leymus chinensis‐dominated steppe meadows, which were independent of pre‐grazing plant diversity. However, the effects of SG and MG strongly depended on grassland plant diversity, with an increased spatial heterogeneity of soil available N in the high‐diversity grassland, but not in the low‐diversity grassland.

Synthesis and applications. We concluded that in a L. chinensis‐dominated eastern Eurasian steppe, cattle ranching could be considered as an optimal grazing management protocol to improve soil spatial heterogeneity because cattle grazing (CG) consistently increased soil spatial heterogeneity in the context of both low and high plant diversity. Nevertheless, soil spatial heterogeneity could be improved by any herbivore grazing regime [CG and/or sheep grazing (SG)] when high plant diversity is maintained. These findings highlight the importance of conserving plant diversity to maintain grassland structure and ecosystem function. In grassland systems with high plant diversity, herbivore grazing and plant diversity would jointly improve soil spatial heterogeneity, thus feeding back to maintain higher plant diversity. Therefore, high plant diversity could generate a positive feedback loop of herbivore–plant–soil interactions in grazed grassland systems. Our findings indicate the importance of herbivore assemblages in maintaining spatial heterogeneity in low‐ and high‐diversity grassland systems.
For Slow Research
Authors: Kuus Merje 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis essay addresses a relatively neglected practical aspect of critical policy studies: the pressure to produce many research outputs. That pressure emanates in part from the fast‐paced policy world studied by the researcher, and in part (perhaps even more significantly) from the university environment of the researcher herself. The essay highlights how the tendency towards output‐driven or fast research operates and what analytical traps it engenders. My goal is to spell out, more explicitly than is commonly done, why the push toward fast research is problematic on analytical grounds and why it ought to be resisted on these same grounds. I call for slow research to underscore that context‐sensitive critical investigation of a social field, such as policy, is a necessarily slow process.
Radical thoracic radiotherapy may provide favorable outcomes for stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Ji Zhe , Wang Xiaozhen , Liang Jun , Hui Zhouguang , Lv Jima , Zhou Zongmei , Yin Weibo , Wang Luhua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the outcome of synchronous stage IV non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who received radical thoracic radiotherapy (TRT).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the charts of stage IV NSCLC patients treated with TRT between January 2007 and December 2011. Radiotherapy was considered radical if it was the primary therapy with non‐symptom driven intent, or consolidation therapy after initial chemotherapy and the biologically equivalent dose ≥53 Gy halted disease progression. The patients' demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment parameters were uniformly collected.ResultsEighty‐one patients were irradiated with radical intent, including 52% with more than five metastatic lesions. The minimum follow‐up was 31.5 months for survivors. The median overall survival (OS) was 20.8 months, with three and four‐year OS rates of 23% and 18%, respectively. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 8.2 months, with one and two‐year PFS rates of 23% and 9%, respectively. Partial response (PR) after TRT and administration of targeted therapy were predictive of longer OS. The factors associated with favorable PFS included earlier local tunor node stage, absence of concurrent chemotherapy, and post‐TRT PR. No correlation was found between the number of metastatic lesions and survival outcome. Incidences of grade ≥2 toxicities in the lung and esophagus were 9% and 26%, respectively.ConclusionsRadical TRT may result in advantageous outcomes for selected stage IV NSCLC patients, regardless of the number of metastatic foci. Patients who achieved post‐TRT PR attained the best outcomes.
Infants Perceive Three‐Dimensional Illusory Contours as Occluding Surfaces
Authors: Kavšek Michael , Marks Elmira 
Published: September 2015

The study assessed the contribution of stereoscopic depth cues to infants' perception of a Kanizsa rectangle as a surface that temporarily occludes a moving object. In Experiment 1, the Kanizsa figure was shifted into the foreground by enriching it with stereoscopic depth information. According to the results, perception of a three‐dimensional Kanizsa figure as an occluding surface emerges between 5 (n = 16) and 7 (n = 16) months of age. Experiment 2 demonstrated that 7‐month‐old (n = 16) infants performed similarly to the 7‐month‐olds who participated in Experiment 1 if the moving object was shifted into the background. These findings suggest that 7‐month‐old infants respond to stereoscopic depth cues and that they exploit it to perceive subjective contours as occluders.