bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification, characterization and quantitative analysis of NAD-malate dehydrogenase from the marine rhodophyte Pyropia haitanensis
Authors: Zhang Bao Yu , Hou Zhao Jun , Wang Guang Ce , Peng Guang 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate substrates and is widely distributed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. It plays crucial roles in many important metabolic pathways and includes different isoforms based on coenzyme specificity and cellular localization. To study MDH in rhodophytes, we obtained a full-length cDNA clone (here designated PhMDH) encoding an NAD-malate dehydrogenase in the marine red alga Pyropia haitanensis. The nucleotide sequence of PhMDH was 1521 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 984 bp. The amino acid sequence showed 73% identity with other MDHs in proteobacteria. Two MDH-like domains were detected in the 5–145 and 156–320 regions. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to examine mRNA expression levels during the gametophyte and sporophyte phases. The transcription of PhMDH in the gametophyte was barely detectable, whereas PhMDH in the sporophyte showed a much higher expression level. The activity of PhMDH in the filamentous sporophyte was approximately double that of the leafy gametophyte. Considering these results, we suggest that PhMDH may be localized in the cytosol and play a role in carbon fixation in the sporophyte stage.
The Johnson homomorphism and its kernel
Authors: Putman Andrew 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We give a new proof of a celebrated theorem of Dennis
Johnson that asserts that the kernel of the Johnson homomorphism on the Torelli subgroup
of the mapping class group is generated by separating twists.
In fact, we prove a more general result that also applies to “subsurface Torelli groups”. Using
this, we extend Johnson’s calculation of the rational abelianization of the Torelli group
not only to the subsurface Torelli groups, but also to finite-index subgroups of the Torelli
group that contain the kernel of the Johnson homomorphism.
The exponential map at a cuspidal singularity
Authors: Grandjean Vincent , Grieser Daniel 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We study spaces with a cuspidal (or horn-like) singularity embedded in a smooth Riemannian manifold and analyze
the geodesics in these spaces which start at the singularity.
This provides a basis for understanding the intrinsic geometry of such spaces near the singularity.
We show that these geodesics combine to naturally define an
exponential map based at the
singularity, but that the behavior of this map can deviate strongly
from the behavior of the exponential map based at a smooth point or at a conical singularity: While it
is always surjective near the singularity, it may be discontinuous and non-injective on any neighborhood of the
singularity. The precise behavior of the exponential map is determined by a function on the link of the singularity which is an
invariant of the induced metric.
Our methods are based on the Hamiltonian system of geodesic differential equations and on techniques of singular analysis.
The results are proved
in the more general natural setting of manifolds with boundary carrying a so-called cuspidal metric.
The Role of Sunk Cost and Slack Resources in Innovation: A Conceptual Reading in an Entrepreneurial Perspective
Authors: Esposito De Falco Salvatore , Renzi Antonio 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a conceptual reading of the interplay between sunk costs and slack resources in innovation, adopting an entrepreneurial perspective. Antecedent literature mostly depicts the relationship between slack and innovation as an inverse u-shaped curve. However, this approach is way too unrealistic and it does not take in account both the different impact of heterogeneous types of slack and of sunk costs. We argue that not all slacks positively contribute to innovation and, hence, the u-shaped relationship is merely verified in case of highly flexible slack resources. In addition, the presence of sunk costs is a friction factor, which makes the first part of the curve less steep. Therefore, entrepreneurs are solicited to innovation by the presence of some easy recoverable slack types, as financial or knowledge ones. On the converse, a consistent level of sunk cost may discourage their innovative activity. In this setting, absorbed slack resources increase the level of sunk costs.
Creating Opportunities for Rural Producers: Impact Evaluation of a Pilot Program in Colombia
Authors: Rozo Sandra V. , Gonzalez Veronica , Morales Carlos , Soares Yuri 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the impact evaluation of a pilot program that treated 57 small organizations of agricultural producers with high risk of getting involved in illegal drug production in Colombia. The program supported producers mainly by facilitating the commercialization of their new licit alternative sources of income. We combine propensity score matching, regression discontinuity, and Bayesian decision theory, with unique and rich panel data to assess the economic impact of the program. Our results suggest that the program was successful on increasing total sales and improving the product’s quality for the treated producers. The intervention was more successful when combined with other programs that gave producers incentives to abandon illegal drug production definitely.
Role of ischemia-modified albumin in clinical practice
Authors: Erenler Ali Kemal , Yardan Türker , Kati Celal , Altuntaş Mehmet , Türedi Süleyman 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Difficulty in establishing a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the clinical setting has led researchers to investigate novel markers that show increased blood levels before the myocardial necrosis occurs. In ischemic conditions, some modifications occur in the amino acids located on the N-terminus of the human albumin molecule. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is a marker formed after damage in the N-terminal region of albumin. The altered N-terminus can no longer bind transition metals, such as cobalt. The causes of the increases in IMA have been shown to be endothelial or extracellular hypoxia, acidosis, and free oxygen radicals. IMA, an early marker of ischemic disorders, is also a candidate marker for the detection of ACS. An assay measuring IMA might represent a promising marker for the identification of patients with myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of IMA in the assessment of ACS as well as other medical disorders in light of the recent literature.
Relevance and diagnostics of cryoproteins
Authors: Nebe Carl Thomas , Stamminger Gudrun , Baum Hannsjörg , Ossendorf Manfred , Wittmann Georg , and for the Laboratory Working Group of the German Society o  
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Cryoproteins still remain largely undiagnosed despite their clinical relevance. Cryoglobulins, cryofibrinogen and cold agglutinins respectively show a significant association with autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The analytical part is relatively straightforward; however, the preanalytical phase is a challenge. This article briefly summarizes the relevant aspects to improve this situation.
Trophic relationships of sympatric small carnivores in fragmented landscapes of southern Brazil: niche overlap and potential for competition
Authors: Kasper Carlos Benhur , Peters Felipe Bortolotto , Christoff Alexandre Uarth , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBetween 2000 and 2010, digestive tracts collected from carnivore carcasses found in southern Brazil were analyzed to determine the frequency and proportion of items constituting the diets of each species. Material was collected and analyzed from 194 animals of 10 species:
An Empirical Examination of Why Mobile Money Schemes Ignite in Some Developing Countries but Flounder in Most
Authors: Evans David S. , Pirchio Alexis 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMobile money schemes have grown rapidly in some developing countries but failed in many more. This paper reports the results of an empirical study of mobile money schemes in 22 developing countries chosen based on prior evidence to include roughly equal numbers of successes and failures. It uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative evidence to determine why some countries succeeded in launching mobile money schemes and others failed. The analysis is guided by multi-sided platform economics and in particular recent work on the role of ignition and critical mass. It finds among other things heavy regulation, and in particular an insistence that banks play a central role in the schemes, which is generally fatal to igniting mobile money schemes.
Flexible Carbon-Based Nanogenerators
Authors: Deng Ning-Qin , Tian He , Xue Qing-Tang , Wang Zhe , Zhao Hai-Ming , Ma Shuo , Mi Wen-Tian , Mohammad Mohammad Ali , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTNanogenerators (NGs) have great potential to solve the problems of energy depletion and environmental pollution. Here, two types of flexible nanogenerators (FNGs) based on graphene oxide (GO) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) are presented. The peak output voltage and current of GO based FNG reached up to 2 V and 30 nA, respectively, under 15 N force at 1 Hz. Moreover, the output voltage could be improved to 34.4 V when the frequency was increased to 10 Hz. It was also found the output voltage increased from 0.1 V to 2.0 V using a released GO structure. The other FNG was made by MW-CNTs mixed with ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Its output voltage and power reached up to 7.5 V and 18.75 mW, respectively, which is much larger than that of bare ZnO based FNG. Furthermore, a peak voltage of 30 V could be gained by stamping one’s foot on the FNG. Finally, a modified NG was fabricated using four springs and two flexible layers. As a result, the voltage and power reached up to 9 V and 27mW, respectively. These works may bring out broad applications in energy harvesting.
3D Printed Hygroscopic Programmable Material Systems
Authors: Correa Zuluaga David , Menges Achim 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper presents new developments into autonomously responsive architectural systems that adapt to environmental changes using hygroscopic material properties. The presented work expands upon previously developed research by the authors on wood-veneer composite meteorosensitive architectural systems based on the biomimetic transfer of the hygroscopic actuation of plant cones[1,2]. The manipulation parameters, variables and syntactic elements that enabled such meteorosentive architectural systems to be possible, using the hygroscopic qualities of wooden veneer within a weather responsive wood-veneer composite system, are abstracted and transferred into a 3D printed composite system. The fuse deposition modelling approach presented further expands the research field into such autonomous responsive systems by enabling a more complex gradient of functional differentiation within a responsive element while also enabling on-surface complex articulations due to anisotropic conditions. The results indicate that the 3D printed prototype can maintain the ability to operate and respond autonomously and passively to changes in relative humidity, similarly to the wood veneer composite system, by embedding some of the same functional principles within the material itself. The numerically controlled fabrication methodology presented, enabled through 3D printing, looks at designing the “material syntax” as a strategy for functional programming and both formal and functional differentiation. That is, the system can transition within a single composite unit from a support structure to a responsive actuation element variably and multi-directionally. The proof-of-concept functional prototypes presented will situate the functional range of this research.
Towards Fabrication Information Modeling (FIM): Four Case Models to Derive Designs informed by Multi-Scale Trans-Disciplinary Data
Authors: Duro-Royo Jorge , Oxman Neri 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDespite recent advancements in digital fabrication and manufacturing, limitations associated with computational tools are preventing further progress in the design of non-standard architectures. This paper sets the stage for a new theoretical framework and an applied approach for the design and fabrication of geometrically and materially complex functional designs coinedFabrication Information Modeling(FIM). We demonstrate systems designed to integrate form generation, digital fabrication, and material computation starting from the physical and arriving at the virtual environment. The paper reviews four computational strategies for the design of custom systems through multi-scale trans-disciplinary data, which are classified and ordered by the level of overlap between the modeling media and the fabrication media: (1) the first model takes as input biological data and outputs 3D printed digital materials organized according to functional constraints; (2) the second model takes as input geometry and environmental data and outputs robotically wound fibers organized according to functional constraints; (3) the third model takes as input material and environmental data and outputs CNC deposited pastes organized according to functional constraints; (4) the forth model takes as input biological, material and environmental data and outputs robotically deposited polymers organized according to functional constraints. The analysis of these models will demonstrate the FIM approach and point towards its value to designers who seek to inform their work through multi-scale transdisciplinary data, a capability that is currently missing from standard design-to-fabrication workflows.
Heart rate response during a session with different active videogames.
Authors: Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz , Perrier-Melo Raphael José , Albuquerque Fabíola Lima , Costa Manoel Cunha 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Due to technological advancement, children and young adults pass to watching television, using the computer and playing videogames more frequently, favoring physical inactivity. However, a new form of videogames comes up as a possible tool for promoting physical activity. Objective: To examine changes in heart rate in a session with different sets of active videogames (Xbox360 with Kinect) and verified the intensities affected by the percentage of maximum heart rate. Method: 8 young adults (21 ± 1.60 years, 22 ± 1.60 kg / m²) with no gaming experience, performed on the Moment 1 anthropometric measurements (weight, height), hemodynamic measurements (heart rate at rest) and measurement of oxygen consumption . At Moment 2, a session with 4 different games Kinect Sports (modalities: Boxing, Table Tennis and Volleyball) and Dance Central 3. The session lasted 72 minutes (3 min each game familiarization then played for 10 minutes and then performed a passive rest 5 minutes). Throughout the session was monitored every minute heart rate. Results: There was significant increase in heart rate at different moments during the game, reaching reached 121 bpm ± 7.99, 121 ± 6.01 bpm, 113 bpm ± 3.95, 103 ± 4.16 bpm for Kinect Sports: Boxing, Dance Central 3, Kinect Sports Volleyball and Table Tennis respectively. Discussion: The games Dance Central 3 and Kinect Sports: boxing and volleyball reached moderate intensity at different times. However, the Kinect Table Tennis game showed few significant elevations. Besides presenting moments of analysis in the intensity, range considered light. Conclusion: The games analyzed caused significant increases in heart rate, reaching levels of light to moderate.
Physical therapy on the conservative treatment on adolescent with Scheuermann’s Disease – a case report.
Authors: Duarte Rafael Turqueto , Serenza Felipe , Almeida Gabriel Peixoto Leão , Kanas Michel , Gongora Hélcio 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: The Scheuermann’s kyphosis may cause difficulties in social acceptance and in the practice of physical activity in adolescents, mainly caused by deformity of the thoracic spine. This change is diagnosed by radiological imaging when at least three adjacent vertebrae submit a previous larger than 5° wedging. Patients who have a Cobb angle greater than 75° are indicated for surgery. However, to date there is no agreement on how best to approach the patient in the conservative treatment. Objective: To present the conservative treatment of the back pain on an adolescent with Scheuermann's disease. Method: Case report of a young patient complaining of back pain and with the Cobb angle greater than 75°, treated with exercises and postural reeducation for 12 weeks. The changes on flexibility of the spine was measured by the popliteal angle and with a fio de prumo. Moreover, it was evaluated the isometric strength of the trunk, the functional capacity by the Oswestry questionnare and the pain with a Visual Analogue Scale. Results: The patient improved with his pain and functional abilities, maintaining the practice of exercises by himself at home. Conclusion: After learning the exercises and practice it at home, with the orientation of a manual and the physical therapist, the patient do not presented any more complaining of pain.
A Linguística de corpus como ferramenta para identificar o estilo do tradutor: peculiaridade, autoria e formação de tradutores
Authors: Andrade Francine De Souza 
Published: June 2015

A pesquisa relatada neste artigo está inserida na subárea dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus (ETBC), em particular os estudos de Estilo em tradução. Para isto, foi escolhido um corpus composto por um texto original ou fonte, e duas traduções. O objetivo da pesquisa é verificar se o resultado encontrado por Saldanha (2005) a partir do estudo do uso do itálico como traço de estilo dos tradutores ingleses seria o mesmo para tradutores brasileiros. Comprovada a teoria, este trabalho contribui para os estudos de estilo realizados com a metodologia dos ETBC, com resultados da descrição de itálicos em um corpus paralelo inglês/português brasileiro que permitem indicar que os tradutores fazem escolhas motivadas e têm estilo. Identificadas as peculiaridades de cada tradutor, a pesquisa revela-se com potencial para contribuir com a atribuição de autoria ao tradutor, pois, sendo uma marca tipográfica utilizada conforme as convenções linguísticas das línguas, o acréscimo e a omissão do itálico confirmariam a motivação/escolha do tradutor, revelando seu estilo. Isto reforça papel do tradutor como presença discursiva no texto, o que poderia trazer novas contribuições para a formação de tradutores.Palavras-chave: ETBC; estilo do tradutor; itálico. AbstractThe research reported in this article is inserted in the sub-area of the Corpus-Based Translation Studies (CBTS), in particular the studies of Style in translation. For this, it was chosen a corpus composed of an original text or source, and two translations. The objective of the research is to verify if the result found by Saldanha (2005) from the study of the use of the italic as English translators' style trait, would be the same for Brazilian translators. Proven the theory, this work contributed for the carried through studies of style with the CBTS methodology, with results of the description of italics in an English corpus parallel/Portuguese Brazilian that allow to indicate that the translators make motivated choices and have style. Identified the peculiarities of each translator, the research shows with Revele n. 8 maio/2015 122 potential to contribute with the attribution of authorship the translator, therefore, being one it marks typographical used as the linguistic conventions of the languages, the addition and the omission of the italic one would confirm the motivation/choice of the translator, revealing his style. This would confirm the role of the translator as a discursive presence in the text, which could bring new contributions for the training of translators.Keywords: CBTS; translator's style; italic.
Optimal force magnitude loaded to orthodontic microimplants: A finite element analysis
Authors: Alrbata Raed H. , Momani Moath Q. , Al-Tarawneh Ahmad M. , Ihyasat Ayman 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To find an optimal force that can be loaded onto an orthodontic microimplant to fulfill the biomechanical demands of orthodontic treatment without diminishing the stability of the microimplant.

Materials and Methods:
Using the finite element analysis method, 3-D computer-aided design models of a microimplant and four cylindrical bone pieces (incorporating cortical bone thicknesses of 0.5, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0 mm) into which the microimplant was inserted were used. Various force magnitudes of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 N were then horizontally and separately applied to the microimplant head as inserted into the different bone assemblies. For each bone/force assembly tested, peak stresses developed at areas of intimate contact with the microimplant along the force direction were then calculated using regression analysis and compared with a threshold value at which pathologic bone resorption might develop.

Results:
The resulting peak stresses showed that bone pieces with thicker cortical bone tolerated higher force magnitudes better than did thinner ones. For cortical bone thicknesses of 0.5, 1.2, 2.0, and 3.0 mm, the maximum force magnitudes that could be applied safely were 3.75, 4.1, 4.3, and 4.45 N, respectively.

Conclusions:
For the purpose of diminishing orthodontic microimplant failure, an optimal force that can be safely loaded onto a microimplant should not exceed a value of around 3.75–4.5 N.
Two new species of Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Karnataka, India
Authors: Poorani J. 
Published: June 2015

The Scymnini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian region is rich and highly speciose, with nearly 90 described species and scores of undescribed species (Poorani 2002). There is a dire need to systematically revise the genera and species of this tribe from the Indian region. Due to paucity of representative collections covering the entire region and lack of access to types, it is difficult to identify most of the Scymnini of the Indian region to species. As a result, many economically important species remain poorly characterized, or worse, unnamed.
Two economically important and unique species of Scymnini (Coccinellidae) belonging to Horniolus Weise (1900) and Scymnus (Pullus) Mulsant (1846) from the Southern Indian state of Karnataka that have remained unnamed for long are treated in this paper. These species are externally similar to other known species and often misidentified. Horniolus sororius sp. n. and Scymnus (Pullus) rajeshwariae sp. n. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are described here and illustrated with notes on their biology and related species.