bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorus Rich d10 Ion Polyphosphides and Selected Materials
Authors: Bawohl Melanie , Nilges Tom 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPolyphosphides composed by late transition metal ions with closed d10 shells are subject of this review. Recent progress has been made during the past years in this field and many new compounds have been discovered. The spectrum of compounds extends from classical binary and ternary compounds, adduct phases of metal halides and molecular species to composites of intermetalloid clusters and molecular anion substructures. Phosphorus is highly reactive to late transition metals forming d10 ions and they entirely react to a plenthora of materials. Only a handful of elements do not form binary compounds with phosphorus and the number is decreasing. This review is focussed on synthetic procedures and the structure property relations of d10 ion polyphosphides. A brief overview is also given to the progress in phosphorus allotrope chemistry and their perspectives and applications. Especially black phosphorus as active material for batteries and its de‐laminated form “phosphorene” is added.
Unexpected Precursor Effects to the Structural Phase Transition in EuTiO3
Authors: Bussmann‐Holder Annette , Köhler Jürgen , Whangbo Mike‐H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe dynamical properties of EuTiO3 are investigated to gain insight into its precursor effects analogous to those observed in many other perovskite oxides. In spite of the fact that a competition between the long wave length transverse optic mode and the zone boundary acoustic mode is absent, which makes the mode‐mode coupling inessential, acoustic instabilities on limited spatial regions appear well above TS. This confirms the notion that dynamic forerunners are inherent and precede any phase transition in cubic perovskite oxides.
Preliminary observations of soil organic layers using a compact MRI for non‐destructive analysis of internal soil structure
Authors: Tomotsune Mitsutoshi , Yoshitake Shinpei , Masuda Rina , Koizumi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSoil organic layer samples of two different forest types were observed using compact MRI to visualize internal structure and clarify physical properties of forest soil. Soil pores and organic materials were distinguished by differences in proton mobility and visualized with a spatial resolution of 234 µm. Soil pore ratios and water mobility were calculated by image processing, and their differences between the two forest soils were detected. Our results suggest that compact MRI has potential for non‐destructive analysis of soil physical properties and is expected to have significant applications in ecological studies.
2,2′‐Bis(monoacylglycero) PO4 (BMP), but Not 3,1′‐BMP, Increases Membrane Curvature Stress to Enhance α‐Tocopherol Transfer Protein Binding to Membranes
Authors: Baptist Matilda , Panagabko Candace , Nickels Jonathan D. , Katsaras John , Atkinson Jeffrey 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrevious work revealed that α‐tocopherol transfer protein (α‐TTP) co‐localizes with bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) in late endosomes. BMP is a lipid unique to late endosomes and is believed to induce membrane curvature and support the multivesicular nature of this organelle. We examined the effect of BMP on α‐TTP binding to membranes using dual polarization interferometry and vesicle‐binding assay. α‐TTP binding to membranes is increased by the curvature‐inducing lipid BMP. α‐TTP binds to membranes with greater affinity when they contain the 2,2′‐BMP versus 3,1′‐BMP isomers.
Potential (Mis)match? Marriage Markets Amidst Sociodemographic Change in India, 2005–2050
Authors: Kashyap Ridhi , Esteve Albert , García-Román Joan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We explore the impact of sociodemographic change on marriage patterns in India by examining the hypothetical consequences of applying three sets of marriage pairing propensities—contemporary patterns by age, contemporary patterns by age and education, and changing propensities that allow for greater educational homogamy and reduced educational asymmetries—to future population projections. Future population prospects for India indicate three trends that will impact marriage patterns: (1) female deficit in sex ratios at birth; (2) declining birth cohort size; (3) female educational expansion. Existing literature posits declining marriage rates for men arising from skewed sex ratios at birth (SRBs) in India’s population. In addition to skewed SRBs, India’s population will experience female educational expansion in the coming decades. Female educational expansion and its impact on marriage patterns must be jointly considered with demographic changes, given educational differences and asymmetries in union formation that exist in India, as across much of the world. We systematize contemporary pairing propensities using data from the 2005–2006 Indian National Family Health Survey and the 2004 Socio-Economic Survey and apply these and the third set of changing propensities to multistate population projections by educational attainment using an iterative longitudinal projection procedure. If today’s age patterns of marriage are viewed against age/sex population composition until 2050, men experience declining marriage prevalence. However, when education is included, women—particularly those with higher education—experience a more salient rise in nonmarriage. Significant changes in pairing patterns toward greater levels of educational homogamy and gender symmetry can counteract a marked rise in nonmarriage.
Training labels for hippocampal segmentation based on the EADC‐ADNI harmonized hippocampal protocol
Authors: Boccardi Marina , Bocchetta Martina , Morency Félix C. , Collins D. Louis , Nishikawa Masami , Ganzola Rossana , Grothe Michel J. , Wolf Dominik , Redolfi Alberto , Pievani Michela , Antelmi Luigi , Fellgiebel Andreas , Matsuda Hiroshi , Teipel Stefan , Duchesne Simon , Jack Clifford R. , Frisoni Giovanni B. ,   EADC‐ADNI Working Group on The Harmonized Protocol for Manual Hippocampal Segmentation and for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) Harmonized Protocol (HarP) is a Delphi definition of manual hippocampal segmentation from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that can be used as the standard of truth to train new tracers, and to validate automated segmentation algorithms. Training requires large and representative data sets of segmented hippocampi. This work aims to produce a set of HarP labels for the proper training and certification of tracers and algorithms.MethodsSixty‐eight 1.5 T and 67 3 T volumetric structural ADNI scans from different subjects, balanced by age, medial temporal atrophy, and scanner manufacturer, were segmented by five qualified HarP tracers whose absolute interrater intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.953 and 0.975 (left and right). Labels were validated as HarP compliant through centralized quality check and correction.ResultsHippocampal volumes (mm3) were as follows: controls: left = 3060 (standard deviation [SD], 502), right = 3120 (SD, 897); mild cognitive impairment (MCI): left = 2596 (SD, 447), right = 2686 (SD, 473); and Alzheimer’s disease (AD): left = 2301 (SD, 492), right = 2445 (SD, 525). Volumes significantly correlated with atrophy severity at Scheltens' scale (Spearman's ρ = <−0.468, P = <.0005).Cerebrospinal fluid spaces (mm3) were as follows: controls: left = 23 (32), right = 25 (25); MCI: left = 15 (13), right = 22 (16); and AD: left = 11 (13), right = 20 (25). Five subjects (3.7%) presented with unusual anatomy.ConclusionsThis work provides reference hippocampal labels for the training and certification of automated segmentation algorithms. The publicly released labels will allow the widespread implementation of the standard segmentation protocol.
Association between prostatic resistive index and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Baykam Mehmet Murat , Aktas Binhan Kagan , Bulut Suleyman , Ozden Cuneyt , Deren Tagmac , Tagci Suleyman , Gokkaya Cevdet Serkan , Memis Ali 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe evaluated the relationship between prostatic resistive index (RI) and cardiovascular system (CVS) risk factors in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The study included 120 patients who were attending our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia. The clinical, laboratory, anthropometric data, and CVS risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, history of CVS events, and smoking) of the patients were evaluated regarding the association between prostate RI level by regression analyses. The prostatic RI levels of the patients were measured using power Doppler imaging. In univariate regression analysis, there were statistically significant relationships between prostatic RI levels and the patients' age, International Prostate Symptom Score, hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, prostate specific antigen, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total prostate volume, uroflowmetric maximal flow rate, and all investigated CVS risk factors (p < 0.05). The prostatic RI levels were found to be associated with fasting blood glucose and total prostate volume, and also with CVS risk factors including only metabolic syndrome and cigarette smoking in the multivariate regression analysis. Our results showed that prostatic RI level is significantly related to metabolic syndrome and smoking among the investigated CVS risk factors.
Quality of psychiatric discharge summaries: a service evaluation following the introduction of an electronic discharge summary system
Authors: Abbas M. , Ward T. , Peivandi M. H. , McKenzie E. , Kujawska-Debiec K. , Hills A. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThere has been a recent move in psychiatry towards the use of electronic discharge (e-discharge) summaries in an effort to improve the efficiency of communication between primary and secondary care, but there are little data on how this affects the quality of information exchanged.ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of psychiatric discharge summaries before and after the introduction of the e-discharge summary system.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 50 dictated discharge summaries from 1 January to 1 July 2010 and of 50 e-discharge summaries from 1 January to 1 July 2012, evaluating for the inclusion of 15 key items of clinical information.ResultsThe average total score of the dictated summaries (mean=9.5, s.d.=2.0) was significantly higher (p<0.001) than the e-discharge summaries (mean=6.7, s.d.=1.8). There were statistically significant differences in five of the standards: findings of physical examination (p<0.001), ICD-10 code (p<0.001), forensic history (p<0.001), alcohol history (p<0.001) and drug history (p<0.001).ConclusionOur results revealed a decline in the quality of discharge summaries following the introduction of an electronic system. The reasons for this are unclear and require further analysis. Specific suggestions will depend on the local need, but include improvements in software design and layout as well as better education and training.
Baseline working memory activation deficits in dimensional anxious depression as detected by magnetoencephalography
Authors: Ionescu Dawn F. , Nugent Allison C. , Luckenbaugh David A. , Niciu Mark J. , Richards Erica M. , Zarate Carlos A. , Furey Maura L. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveAnxiety often co-occurs with major depressive disorder (MDD). This preliminary study sought to ascertain the extent to which anxious depression drives group neurobiological differences between patients with MDD and healthy volunteers (HVs).MethodsMagnetoencephalography beta-band frequency was used to compare differences in brain response during the N-back working memory task between 30 medication-free patients with treatment-resistant MDD (anxious depression=18; nonanxious depression=12) and 28 HVs.ResultsCompared to HVs, patients with anxious depression had significantly reduced desynchronisation (less activation) in the left precuneus, right cuneus, and left insula extending into the inferior and middle frontal cortex during the 2-back condition compared with the 1-back condition of the N-back working memory task – indicating less activation of these neural networks in patients with anxious depression during the condition with the highest level of task demands. No other significant group differences were found during the working memory conditions.ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that a subset of patients – those with anxious depression – may be driving observed group differences between patients with MDD and HVs. Further neurobiological studies and replication experiments are necessary to determine the extent to which this subgroup has preferentially influenced our understanding of the underlying neurobiology of depression.
CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS AND THE CIVIL COURTS
Authors: Dyson Matthew , Randall John 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHow should a civil court use a relevant conviction? Some have argued that a civil claim contesting the factual basis of a conviction should be struck out as an abuse of process unless new evidence is presented which “entirely changes the aspect of the case”. Such a high evidential requirement is wrong in principle, inconsistent with section 11 of the Civil Evidence Act 1968, and unjust in practice. The law should recognise that there are two distinct types of cases. The first is concerned with truly abusive claims, where the later civil suit is brought for an improper purpose or otherwise similarly abusive; there a high level of new evidence should be required. The second deals with challenges to convictions which are in principle permissible; there, if on the facts they have no real prospect of success, an application for summary judgment by the other party is the solution.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND PHOTOTHERMAL QUOTIENT ON THE YIELD COMPONENTS OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN INDO-GANGETIC PLAINS OF INDIA
Authors: KUMAR P. VIJAYA , RAO V. U. M. , BHAVANI O. , DUBEY A. P. , SINGH C. B. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYTo quantify the effect of thermal stress and photothermal quotient (PTQ) on yield components, eleven years experimental data of three cultivars (HD-2285, K-8804 and K-9107) under three sowing dates at Kanpur centre were analysed. Number of grains per ear (NG), grain weight per ear (GW) and 1000-grain weight (TG) were identified as prime yield contributing components in HD-2285, K-8804 and K-9107, respectively. GW was highly sensitive to maximum temperature (MXT) while NG was sensitive to minimum temperature (MNT) during jointing (JNT) to anthesis (ATS) as well as the total growing season in all the cultivars. In both HD-2285 and K-8804, optimum MXT and MNT during JNT to ATS are 22.7–24.6 and 7.0–7.9 °C, respectively for obtaining maximum NG. Optimum MXT for GW ranged from 15.8–17.3 °C during tillering (TLR) to JNT stage in K-8804 and K-9107 while it was 20.4 °C during JNT to ATS stage in HD-2285. MXT, MNT and PTQ of 23.6 °C, 9.2 °C and 25 MJ/m2/day/ °C, respectively during JNT to ATS in K-9107 were found optimum for higher TG.
DETERMINANTS OF CROP YIELD AND PROFIT OF FAMILY FARMS: EVIDENCE FROM THE SENEGAL RIVER VALLEY
Authors: BLANC ELODIE , LEPINE AURELIA , STROBL ERIC 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the determinants of the performance of family farms in Senegal using both production and profit functions. The econometric analysis is based on agricultural inputs and outputs information from a survey of 504 agricultural households, member of a farmer organization in the Saint Louis region in 2009. Our main results indicate that the size of the cultivated plots has a negative effect on crop yields, representing diseconomies of scale. This finding suggests potential for improvements in farm management and organization. We also find that the development of commercialization sectors and loans could boost agricultural inputs. In terms of profitability, our results show that yields and prices play significant and important roles for all crops. An increase in the bargaining power of farmers would be required to increase unit prices and consequently their profits.
Characterization of culm morphology, anatomy and chemical composition of foxtail millet cultivars differing in lodging resistance
Authors: TIAN B. H. , LIU L. Y. , ZHANG L. X. , SONG S. X. , WANG J. G. , WU L. F. , LI H. J. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYLodging can be an important factor in limiting yield and quality of summer foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. Although lodging resistance varies among different genotypes, direct selection for lodging resistance is difficult because of its sporadic occurrence in the field and inconsistency between years. A 2-year-field study was conducted with 35 summer foxtail millet cultivars or advanced breeding lines to determine the association between lodging resistance and culm morphology, anatomy and chemical composition. Path analyses indicated that stem-breaking strength had the most important effect on the lodging coefficient. The breaking strength of stem was associated with specific morphological properties of the culm, such as greater culm diameter and most importantly culm wall thickness. Width of sclerenchyma tissue, and the number and sheath width of the large vascular bundles were the major anatomical properties that influenced stem-breaking strength. The cellulose and lignin compositions of the culm had different effects on stem-breaking strength. Cultivars with smaller lodging coefficients contained higher levels of cellulose, but lower levels of lignin than the cultivars that were more prone to lodging. The findings from the present study provide useful information on lodging-associated traits in the culm that can be used as indicators for the improvement of lodging resistance in foxtail millet.
Comparative study of sliced tragal cartilage and temporalis fascia in type I tympanoplasty
Authors: Khan M M , Parab S R 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective:To compare anatomical and audiological results using sliced tragal cartilage and temporalis fascia in type I tympanoplasty.Method:A retrospective review was undertaken of primary tympanoplasties using sliced tragal cartilage and temporalis fascia from May 2005 to January 2008. In total, 223 ears were operated on using sliced tragal cartilage graft and 167 using temporalis fascia. Statistical analysis of the outcome data was performed.Results:At the two-year and four-year follow ups, successful closure of the tympanic membrane was achieved in 98.20 per cent and 97.75 per cent, respectively, of the cartilage group compared with 87.42 per cent and 82.63 per cent, respectively, of the temporalis fascia group. At the four-year follow up, the average air–bone gap was 7.10 ± 3.01 dB in the cartilage group and 8.05 ± 3.22 dB in the temporalis fascia group.Conclusion:The overall success rate for primary cartilage tympanoplasty is higher when using sliced cartilage than with temporalis fascia grafting.
Effect of a moustache on nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonisation and nasal cytology results in men
Authors: Soylu E , Orhan I , Cakir A , Istanbullu A , Altin G , Yilmazer R , Calim O F 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjective:This study compared the results of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and nasal cytology in men with and without a moustache.Methods:The study group comprised 118 adult men with a moustache, and the control group consisted of 123 adult men without a moustache. Samples were taken from the participants' right nasal cavity for cytology and from the left nasal cavity for microbiology.Results:The results for S aureus were positive in 19.5 per cent (n = 23) of participants with a moustache and in 20.3 per cent (n = 25) of men without a moustache. This difference was not significant (p > 0.05). However, nasal cytology revealed rich eosinophil clusters in participants with a moustache.Conclusion:The presence or absence of a moustache had no effect on nasal S aureus colonisation. However, further research is needed to understand whether the presence of a moustache increases the risk of allergic or non-allergic rhinitis.
Biomass, CPUE and size frequency distribution of blue swimming crabPortunus segnis(Forskal, 1775) in coastal waters of the northern Persian Gulf, Iran
Authors: Safaie Mohsen , Shokri Mohammad Reza , Kiabi Bahram H. , Pazooki Jamileh 
Published: January 2015

Size frequency distribution, catch per unit effort (CPUE) and biomass of blue swimming crabPortunus segniswere studied in the northern Persian Gulf. A total of 1689 male and 1824 female crabs were collected by swept area method on a monthly basis from May 2010 to September 2012. The populations of male and female crabs were dominated by adult crabs (carapace width >100 mm) from December to May. The juvenile crabs were dominant from June to October and the averages of CPUE did uptrend from June to October. The CPUE increased in full moon and the highest value was observed in shallow coastal areas below 10 m and significantly decreased as depth increased. The maximum CPUE was recorded at 415 and 450 engine powers and the vessel speeds of about 2.5 and 2.8 knots. The monthly biomass estimations showed an upward trend from June to October within the study period, so that the maximum biomass was 110 tonnes in October 2011. Given the CPUE trend and biomass estimation, the results of the present study suggest that October is the optimum time as open fishery season for blue swimming crab in the northern Persian Gulf and the highest CPUE is achievable in shallow coastal areas at less than 10 m depth.
Impulsivity in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Barker V. , Romaniuk L. , Cardinal R. N. , Pope M. , Nicol K. , Hall J. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundImpulsivity is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and is most frequently measured using self-rating scales. There is a need to find objective, valid and reliable measures of impulsivity. This study aimed to examine performance of participants with BPD compared with healthy controls on delay and probabilistic discounting tasks and the stop-signal task (SST), which are objective measures of choice and motor impulsivity, respectively.MethodA total of 20 participants with BPD and 21 healthy control participants completed delay and probabilistic discounting tasks and the SST. They also completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), a self-rating measure of impulsivity.ResultsParticipants with BPD showed significantly greater delay discounting than controls, manifest as a greater tendency to accept the immediately available lesser reward rather than waiting longer for a greater reward. Similarly they showed significantly greater discounting of rewards by the probability of payout, which correlated with past childhood trauma. Participants with BPD were found to choose the more certain and/or immediate rewards, irrespective of the value. On the SST the BPD and control groups did not differ significantly, demonstrating no difference in motor impulsivity. There was no significant difference between groups on self-reported impulsivity as measured by the BIS.ConclusionsMeasures of impulsivity show that while motor impulsivity was not significantly different in participants with BPD compared with controls, choice or reward-related impulsivity was significantly affected in those with BPD. This suggests that choice impulsivity but not motor impulsivity is a core feature of BPD.