bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Mental Health Care: A 25‐Year Follow‐Up Study of the Orthodox Jewish Community
Authors: Schnall Eliezer , Kalkstein Solomon , Gottesman Ayelet , Feinberg Karyn , Schaeffer Charles B. , Feinberg S. Shalom 
Published: July 2014

The current study is a 25‐year follow‐up to a mental health needs assessment in the often overlooked, but rapidly growing, Orthodox Jewish denomination. Results suggest increased acceptance of mental illness and its treatment and satisfaction with quality of care, along with decreased mistrust of the mental health field, belief that religion and psychiatry conflict, and tendency to attach stigmas to psychiatric problems. However, issues of stigma and affordability continue to be obstacles to treatment.El presente estudio es un seguimiento tras 25 años de una evaluación de necesidades de salud mental en la población frecuentemente ignorada, pero en crecimiento rápido, de individuos de denominación judía ortodoxa. Los resultados sugieren una mayor aceptación de enfermedades mentales y sus tratamientos, así como la satisfacción con la calidad de los cuidados, además de una reducción en la desconfianza hacia el campo de la salud mental, la creencia de que existe un conflicto entre religión y psiquiatría, y la tendencia a estigmatizar los problemas psiquiátricos. Sin embargo, problemas relacionados con la asequibilidad y el estigma continúan siendo obstáculos para el tratamiento.
A New Look at Transgenerational Trauma Transmission: Second‐Generation Latino Immigrant Youth
Authors: Phipps Ricardo M. , Degges‐White Suzanne 
Published: July 2014

Transgenerational trauma, which was first documented in the 1960s to describe trauma symptoms experienced by descendants of holocaust survivors, has been linked to psychological and physiological transmission factors. Although traumatization still occurs among contemporary immigrant groups, particularly Latino immigrants, little attention has been paid to the experiences of these individuals. The authors present the relevant cultural considerations and conditions that support the need for proactive assessment of transgenerational trauma in U.S.‐born Latino youth.El trauma transgeneracional, que fue documentado por primera vez en los años 60 para describir los síntomas de trauma experimentados por descendientes de los supervivientes del holocausto, ha sido relacionado con factores de transmisión psicológicos y fisiológicos. Aunque la traumatización todavía ocurre entre grupos de inmigrantes en la actualidad, particularmente en inmigrantes latinos, se ha prestado escasa atención a las experiencias de estos individuos. Los autores presentan las consideraciones y condiciones culturales relevantes que apoyan la necesidad de realizar una evaluación proactiva del trauma transgeneracional en la población de jóvenes latinos nacidos en los Estados Unidos.
Galactosylated 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylamide‐s‐3‐guanidinopropyl methacrylamide copolymer as a small hairpin RNA carrier for inhibiting human telomerase reverse transcriptase expression
Authors: Wu Yang , Ji Jingkai , Yang Ran , Zhang Xiaoqiang , Li Yuanhui , Pu Yuepu , Li Xinsong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study, a well‐defined glucose and guanidine based copolymer, galactosylated 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylamide‐s‐3‐guanidinopropyl methacrylamide (HPMA‐s‐GPMA) abbreviated as GGH was prepared and self‐assembled with small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to inhibit human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene expression in vitro to develop a shRNA carrier.MethodsFirst, HPMA‐s‐APMA copolymers were synthesized by aqueous reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, followed by galactosylation and guanidinylation. Then, three target shRNAs containing green fluorescent protein gene as a reporter were combined with GGH to form shRNA/GGH polyplexes.ResultsGGH copolymers could condense shRNA to form shRNA/GGH polyplex particles with a diameter in the range 122.8–331.6 nm in phosphate‐buffered saline, and zeta potential values ranging from +3.7 to +16.5 mV at various charge ratios (N/P). That the cytotoxicity of GGH copolymers was significantly lower than that of PEI in human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cells (HepG2) and human cervix epithelial carcinoma cells. The transfection efficiency of shRNA/GGH polyplexes was higher than that of PEI at a charge ratio of 12 in the HepG2 cell line. Furthermore, shRNA/GGH polyplexes could effectively silence hTERT mRNA expression in serum‐free medium (p < 0.01) and decrease the aggregation of protein in the medium with the presence of 10% serum. In addition, hTERT mRNA expression in HepG2 cells demosntrate a significant difference between siRNA/GGH polyplexes and blank samples (p < 0.05).ConclusionsGGH copolymers could integrate advantages relating to galactose content for hepatocyte targeting, guanidino groups for cell penetration and HPMA component for shielding, showing great potential for effective hepatocyte targeting gene delivery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a hospital‐based program focused on improving healthcare value
Authors: Moriates Christopher , Mourad Michelle , Novelero Maria , Wachter Robert M. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDFrontline physicians face increasing pressure to improve the quality of care they deliver while simultaneously decreasing healthcare costs. Although hospitals and physicians are beginning to implement initiatives targeting this new goal of healthcare value, few of them have a well‐developed infrastructure to support this work.METHODSIn March 2012, we launched a high‐value care (HVC) program within the Division of Hospital Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. The HVC program is co‐led by a physician and the division's administrator, and includes other hospitalists, resident physicians, pharmacists, and administrators. The program aims to (1) use financial and clinical data to identify areas with clear evidence of waste in the hospital, (2) promote evidence‐based interventions that improve both quality of care and value, and (3) pair interventions with evidence‐based cost awareness education to drive culture change.RESULTSWe identified 6 ongoing projects during our first year. Preliminary data for our inaugural projects are encouraging. One initiative, which targeted decreasing nebulizer use on a high‐acuity medical floor (often using metered‐dose inhalers instead) led to a decrease in rates of more than 50%.CONCLUSIONSThe HVC program is proving to be a successful mechanism to promote improved healthcare value and clinician engagement. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:671–677. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Definition and visualisation of regions of interest in post‐prostatectomy image‐guided intensity modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Bell Linda J , Cox Jennifer , Eade Thomas , Rinks Marianne , Kneebone Andrew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionStandard post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy (PPRT) image verification uses bony anatomy alignment. However, the prostate bed (PB) moves independently of bony anatomy. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can be used to soft tissue match, so radiation therapists (RTs) must understand pelvic anatomy and PPRT clinical target volumes (CTV). The aims of this study are to define regions of interest (ROI) to be used in soft tissue matching image guidance and determine their visibility on planning CT (PCT) and CBCT.MethodsPublished CTV guidelines were used to select ROIs. The PCT scans (n = 23) and CBCT scans (n = 105) of 23 post‐prostatectomy patients were reviewed. Details on ROI identification were recorded.ResultsEighteen patients had surgical clips. All ROIs were identified on PCTs at least 90% of the time apart from mesorectal fascia (MF) (87%) due to superior image quality. When surgical clips are present, the seminal vesicle bed (SVB) was only seen in 2.3% of CBCTs and MF was unidentifiable. Most other structures were well identified on CBCT. The anterior rectal wall (ARW) was identified in 81.4% of images and penile bulb (PB) in 68.6%. In the absence of surgical clips, the MF and SVB were always identified; the ARW was identified in 89.5% of CBCTs and PB in 73.7%.ConclusionsSurgical clips should be used as ROIs when present to define SVB and MF. In the absence of clips, SVB, MF and ARW can be used. RTs must have a strong knowledge of soft tissue anatomy and PPRT CTV to ensure coverage and enable soft tissue matching.
Applications for transoral robotic surgery in the pediatric airway
Authors: Ferrell Jay K. , Roy Soham , Karni Ron J. , Yuksel Sancak 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo report preliminary experience in the utilization of transoral robotic surgical (TORS) techniques in pediatric airway surgery.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all pediatric patients undergoing robotic airway surgery at a university‐based children's hospital between August 2010 and December 2012.ResultsThree pediatric patients underwent robotic repair of various airway anomalies between August 2010 and December 2012. Case 1 is a 15‐year‐old boy with posterior glottic stenosis for which a robotic‐assisted posterior cricoid split with cartilage graft placement was attempted but ultimately required conversion to an open technique. Case 2 is a 6‐year‐old male with Trisomy 21 who had robotic‐assisted endoscopic repair of a type II laryngeal cleft, with subsequent resolution of his chronic aspiration and successful initiation of oral feeding. Case 3 is a 3‐year‐old female who underwent robotic‐assisted left posterior cordectomy and subtotal arytenoidectomy for idiopathic bilateral vocal cord paralysis, resulting in improved Passy‐Muir valve tolerance.ConclusionTORS is being increasingly utilized in the field of head and neck surgery as it is frequently less invasive and often demonstrates improved outcomes compared with traditional approaches. This study details our experience utilizing TORS in the management of pediatric airway anomalies and represents one of the earliest such series in the literature. Although TORS has the potential to improve the management of pediatric airway disorders, larger, prospective studies are needed to better elucidate its feasibility and efficacy.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2630–2635, 2014
Is sentinel lymph node biopsy the standard of care for cutaneous head and neck melanoma?
Authors: Schmalbach Cecelia E. , Bradford Carol R. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives/HypothesisSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is considered one of the most important melanoma advancements to date. Since its inception in 1992, a plethora of data and associated controversies has emerged leading to the question: Is SLNB considered the standard of care for head and neck (HN) cutaneous melanoma?Study DesignEnglish literature (1990–2014) review.MethodsThe PubMed database search was conducted using key terms “melanoma” and “sentinel node.” This review included both dedicated HN SLNB studies and larger prospective SLNB studies, in which HN patients were included among the cohort. Bibliography cross‐referencing was conducted to ensure a comprehensive search.ResultsSLNB is safe and accurate in the HN region. Review of large prospective SLNB trials identified the pathologic status of the SLN as the most important prognostic factor for recurrence and survival. Early lymphadenectomy following a positive SLNB imparts a survival benefit.ConclusionsOur review of the current literature suggests that SLNB is the standard of care for selected cases of HN cutaneous melanoma. It is now incorporated into the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network practice guidelines, and numerous national and international consensus statements. Laryngoscope, 125:153–160, 2015
Identification and Count of the Active Sites in Olefin Polymerization Catalysis by Oxygen Quench
Authors: Cipullo Roberta , Mellino Simona , Busico Vincenzo 
Published: July 2014

A simple method for the counting and structural elucidation of the different active sites in an olefin polymerization catalyst system is introduced, based on a reaction quench by O2 under controlled kinetics, followed by NMR analysis of the OH‐labeled chain end‐groups formed upon acidic work‐up of the polymer. The method is successfully benchmarked using a molecular bis(phenoxyamino)Zr(IV)‐based catalyst characterized by a comparatively long‐lasting controlled kinetic transient at room temperature.
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Optical properties and Poincaré mapping in spherical multilayered systems: periodic, quasiperiodic, and disordered
Authors: Díaz‐de‐Anda A. , Nájera‐Villeda M. , Burlak Gennadiy , Zamudio‐Lara A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe systematically studied the optical properties (narrows peaks position) of the transmission spectra for microspheres coated by a multilayered stack. Three different sequences of spherical stack—periodic, quasiperiodic, and disordered—are studied by the transfer matrix approach. Dependence of the number of resonances in the transmission spectrum as function of number of layers in the stack is numerically investigated with details. It is shown that characteristic shape of the recursive return map forms well‐defined ordered spectrum in the state space. The shape of such structures is different for different frequency ranges and various spherical quantum numbers. For quasiperiodic case, the latter leads to a specific signature of studied sequences and generates the self‐similarity in the transmittance spectra. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Garcinol suppresses inflammation‐associated colon carcinogenesis in mice
Authors: Tsai Mei‐Ling , Chiou Yi‐Shiou , Chiou Li‐Yu , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: July 2014

ScopeGarcinol is a polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivative isolated from the fruit rind of Garcinia indica and has exhibited chemopreventive effects on azoxymethane)‐induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in mice. In this study, we investigated whether garcinol protects against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced colitis/inflammation and azoxymethane/DSS‐induced inflammation‐related colon tumorigenesis in male ICR mice. We also aimed to delineate the possible molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects.Methods and resultsTreatment with garcinol prevented shortening of the colon length and the formation of aberrant crypt foci and improved the inflammation score in the mouse colon stimulated by DSS. Moreover, administration of garcinol markedly decreased DSS‐induced inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase‐2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression. The dietary administration of garcinol effectively reduced the tumor size and incidence in the mouse colon. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that administration of garcinol significantly downregulated cyclooxygenase‐2, cyclin D1, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression via inhibition of the extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase 1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/Akt/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase, and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathways.ConclusionOur results suggest that garcinol may merit further clinical investigation as a chemoprophylactic food that helps prevent colitis‐associated colon cancer.
Automated tuning of an eight‐channel cardiac transceive array at 7 tesla using piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Keith Graeme A. , Rodgers Christopher T. , Hess Aaron T. , Snyder Carl J. , Vaughan J. Thomas , Robson Matthew D. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeUltra‐high field (UHF) MR scanning in the body requires novel coil designs due to B1 field inhomogeneities. In the transverse electromagnetic field (TEM) design, maximum B1 transmit power can only be achieved if each individual transmit element is tuned and matched for different coil loads, which requires a considerable amount of valuable scanner time.MethodsAn integrated system for autotuning a multichannel parallel transmit (pTx) cardiac TEM array was devised, using piezoelectric actuators, power monitoring equipment and control software. The reproducibility and performance of the system were tested and the power responses of the coil elements were profiled. An automated optimization method was devised and evaluated.ResultsThe time required to tune an eight‐element pTx cardiac RF array was reduced from a mean of 30 min to less than 10 min with the use of this system.ConclusionPiezoelectric actuators are an attractive means of tuning RF coil arrays to yield more efficient B1 transmission into the subject. An automated mechanism for tuning these elements provides a practical solution for cardiac imaging at UHF, bringing this technology closer to clinical use. Magn Reson Med 73:2390–2397, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Normative values for short‐segment nerve conduction studies and ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve at the elbow
Authors: Omejec Gregor , Podnar Simon 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE), short‐segment nerve conduction studies (NCS) are rarely performed due to unclear reference values. We excluded controls with subclinical UNE, calculated normative values, and tested them in UNE patients. Methods: Clinical examination, ultrasonography (US), and 2‐cm short‐segment ulnar motor NCS across the elbow were performed in 49 controls and 67 UNE patients. In controls, subclinical UNE was diagnosed if at least 2 studies were outside the reference limits in the same 2‐cm segment. Results: Exclusion of controls with subclinical UNE produced less stringent normative values (2‐cm conduction velocity: 25 to 31 m/s; US cross‐sectional area: 11.6 to 9.6 mm2), which raised diagnostic sensitivity (short‐segment NCS: 76% to 90%; 10‐cm NCS: 72% to 85%, US: 43% to 79%). Conclusions: We propose the use of our normative values in patients with clinically definite and probable UNE after exclusion of alternative diagnoses. Muscle Nerve, 2015 Muscle Nerve 51: 370–377, 2015
Direkt zur Absolutkonfiguration
Authors: Zawatzky Kerstin , Trapp Oliver 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMit einer Reihe von Methoden lassen sich Absolutkonfigurationen indirekt erschließen, doch bisher fehlte eine Technik, die stereogene Zentren direkt sichtbar macht. Dies schafft nun Coulomb Explosion Imaging.
Do recent US Supreme Court rulings on patenting of genes and genetic diagnostics affect the practice of genetic screening and diagnosis in prenatal and reproductive care?
Authors: Chandrasekharan Subhashini , McGuire Amy L. , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThousands of patents have been awarded that claim human gene sequences and their uses, and some have been challenged in court. In a recent high‐profile case, Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al., the US Supreme Court ruled that genes are natural occurring substances and therefore not patentable through ‘composition of matter’ claims. The consequences of this ruling will extend well beyond ending Myriad's monopoly over BRCA testing and may affect similar monopolies of other commercial laboratories for tests involving other genes. It could also simplify intellectual property issues surrounding genome‐wide clinical sequencing, which can generate results for genes covered by intellectual property. Non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for common aneuploidies using cell‐free fetal (cff) DNA in maternal blood is currently offered through commercial laboratories and is also the subject of ongoing patent litigation. The recent Supreme Court decision in the Myriad case has already been invoked by a lower district court in NIPT litigation and resulted in invalidation of primary claims in a patent on currently marketed cffDNA‐based testing for chromosomal aneuploidies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employing Si solar cell technology to increase efficiency of ultra‐thin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Vermang Bart , Wätjen Jörn Timo , Fjällström Viktor , Rostvall Fredrik , Edoff Marika , Kotipalli Ratan , Henry Frederic , Flandre Denis 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTReducing absorber layer thickness below 500 nm in regular Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells decreases cell efficiency considerably, as both short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage are reduced because of incomplete absorption and high Mo/CIGS rear interface recombination. In this work, an innovative rear cell design is developed to avoid both effects: a highly reflective rear surface passivation layer with nano‐sized local point contact openings is employed to enhance rear internal reflection and decrease the rear surface recombination velocity significantly, as compared with a standard Mo/CIGS rear interface. The formation of nano‐sphere shaped precipitates in chemical bath deposition of CdS is used to generate nano‐sized point contact openings. Evaporation of MgF2 coated with a thin atomic layer deposited Al2O3 layer, or direct current magnetron sputtering of Al2O3 are used as rear surface passivation layers. Rear internal reflection is enhanced substantially by the increased thickness of the passivation layer, and also the rear surface recombination velocity is reduced at the Al2O3/CIGS rear interface. (MgF2/)Al2O3 rear surface passivated ultra‐thin CIGS solar cells are fabricated, showing an increase in short circuit current and open circuit voltage compared to unpassivated reference cells with equivalent CIGS thickness. Accordingly, average solar cell efficiencies of 13.5% are realized for 385 nm thick CIGS absorber layers, compared with 9.1% efficiency for the corresponding unpassivated reference cells. © 2014 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Globale Temperaturvariabilität der letzten 2000 Jahre
Authors: Wanner Heinz , Grosjean Martin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNeue 2000‐jährige Temperaturrekonstruktionen für sieben Landregionen der Erde zeigen einen deutlichen Wechsel zwischen einem wärmeren ersten und einem kühleren zweiten Jahrtausend. Die Abkühlung der Kleinen Eiszeit erfolgte auf den Südkontinenten mit Verzögerung. Sie dürfte maßgeblich durch Serien von großen Vulkaneruptionen und durch fast gleichzeitig aufgetretene Einbrüche bei der solaren Leuchtstärke beeinflusst worden sein. Die hohen Temperaturmittel des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts sind mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit während der letzten 1400 Jahre global nicht erreicht worden. Die Erwärmungsphase im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert ist in erster Linie das Resultat des anthropogenen Treibhauseffektes.
100 Millionen Telefongespräche über einen Frequenzkamm
Authors: Koos Christian , Pfeifle Jörg , Kippenberg Tobias 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOptische Frequenzkämme ermöglichen die Übertragung von Daten mit hoher Geschwindigkeit und gleichzeitig effizienter Nutzung des verfügbaren Spektrums. Für die praktische Anwendung müssen allerdings noch einige technische Hürden überwunden werden. Unserer deutsch‐schweizerischen Forschungsgruppe ist es gelungen, erste kohärente Datenübertragungsexperimente mit sogenannten Kerr‐Frequenzkämmen zu demonstrieren. Die hierbei erzielte Übertragungsgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 1, 44 Tbit/s entspricht – gängige Verfahren zur Sprachkompression vorausgesetzt – dem Datenaufkommen von mehr als 100 Millionen Telefongesprächen.