bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen Science Provides Valuable Data for Monitoring Global Night Sky Luminance
Authors: Kyba Christopher C. M. , Wagner Janna M. , Kuechly Helga U. , Walker Constance E. , Elvidge Christopher D. , Falchi Fabio , Ruhtz Thomas , Fischer Jürgen , Hölker Franz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe skyglow produced by artificial lights at night is one of the most dramatic anthropogenic modifications of Earth's biosphere. The GLOBE at Night citizen science project allows individual observers to quantify skyglow using star maps showing different levels of light pollution. We show that aggregated GLOBE at Night data depend strongly on artificial skyglow and could be used to track lighting changes worldwide. Naked eye time series can be expected to be very stable, due to the slow pace of human eye evolution. The standard deviation of an individual GLOBE at Night observation is found to be 1.2 stellar magnitudes. Zenith skyglow estimates from the “First World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness” are tested using a subset of the GLOBE at Night data. Although we find the World Atlas overestimates sky brightness in the very center of large cities, its predictions for Milky Way visibility are accurate.
Z‐source‐based isolated high step‐up converter
Authors: Evran Fatih , Aydemir Mehmet Timur 
Published: May 2013

Continuous input currents and high step‐up ratios are desired from the dc–dc converters that work with renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic panels and fuel cells. Most dc–dc converters use transformers to have high step‐up ratios. There is another type of converters that use coupled inductors, but they need to operate at high duty cycles to increase the gain. These converters suffer from low efficiency values because of the leakage inductance values and long reverse recovery times of the diodes. A new dc–dc converter based on Z‐source topology is proposed in this study. It uses coupled inductors to increase the step‐up ratio. Its main features are high step‐up ratios, continuous input currents, high efficiency and galvanic isolation between input and output. Simulation and experimental results are given for a prototype converter that converts 25–400 V dc at 300 W with over 91% efficiency.
Zero‐voltage‐switching DC/DC converter with three three‐level pulse‐width modulation circuit cells
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chung Shih‐Kai , Shiau Tung‐Yuan 
Published: May 2013

This study presents a new soft switching DC/DC converter with current double rectifier to achieve zero‐voltage switching for all power switches under a wide range of load condition. Three three‐level pulse‐width modulation circuit cells sharing the same power switches are adopted in the proposed converter to reduce the voltage stress of each switch at Vin/2 and achieve load current sharing. Therefore the current stress and power rating of the secondary side components are reduced. The current double rectifiers are used at the secondary side to reduce the output ripple current. The sizes of the magnetic components and output filter capacitance can be reduced. The circuit analysis and design consideration of the proposed converter are discussed in detail. The proposed converter can be used in high input voltage and high load current applications. Finally, experiments based on a 1.5 kW scale‐down prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Doubly‐fed induction generator wind turbine modelling for detailed electromagnetic system studies
Authors: Lei Ting , Barnes Mike , Ozakturk Meliksah 
Published: May 2013

Wind turbine (WT) technology is currently driven by offshore development, which requires more reliable, multi‐megawatt turbines. Models with different levels of detail have been continuously explored but tend to focus either on the electrical system or the mechanical system. This study presents a 4.5 MW doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) WT model with pitch control. The model is developed in a simulation package, which has two control levels, the WT control and the DFIG control. Both a detailed and a simplified converter model are presented. Mathematical system block diagrams of the closed‐loop control systems are derived and verified against the simulation model. This includes a detailed model of the DC‐link voltage control – a component which is usually only presented in abstract form. Simulation results show that the output responses from the two models have good agreement. The grid‐side converter control with several disturbance inputs has been evaluated for three cases and its dynamic stiffness affected by operating points are presented. In addition, the relation of pitch controller bandwidth and torsional oscillation mode has been investigated using a two‐mass shaft model. This model can be employed to evaluate the control scheme, mechanical and electrical dynamics and the fault ride‐through capability for the turbine.
Would you Find Thirty online? Website use in a Western Australian physical activity campaign
Authors: Leavy J. E. , Rosenberg M. , Barnes R. , Bauman A. , Bull F. C. 
Published: May 2013

Issue addressedMass media campaigns have used a range of traditional media (television, radio and print) to communicate health messages. In the past decade the Internet has added to these traditional methods with Web 2.0, smart phone technology and interactive media. ‘Find Thirty every day®’, a Western Australia population‐wide mass media campaign delivered over 2 years, used a combination of traditional mass media, a website, online resources and banner advertising. The aim of the present study is to describe the use of the Find Thirty every day® website during the campaign media activities of May 2008‐June 2010.MethodsCross‐sectional self‐reported survey data were collected from a random sample of adults using a computer‐assisted telephone interview over the period February‐March 2010. Objective online analytical measures of unique visits to the Find Thirty every day® website were collected between June 2008 and June 2010.ResultsMonthly visitors to the Find Thirty every day® website increased from 3193 in 2009 to 4374 in 2010. During the last two media waves (October 2009 and February 2010), site visits were 5388 and 5272 per month, respectively.ConclusionThe impact of the Find Thirty every day® website was a positive outcome, considering the minimal online presence.So what?Health communication campaign planners should maximise the potential synergy of traditional mass media and new social media in future campaigns. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary approach that includes communication researchers, experts in information systems and a creative team experienced in online environments will need to be the way forward.
DNA barcoding for plant protection: applications and summary of available data for arthropod pests.
Authors: Frewin A. , Scott-Dupree C. , Hanner R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Over the last decade, DNA barcoding - the use of short, standardized DNA sequences for species identification - has emerged as an important tool to study biodiversity. However, given the challenge and importance of accurately identifying plant pests, we argue for the use of DNA barcoding as a tool to aid in phytosanitary regulation and integrated pest management. Additionally, the rigorous data quality standard of DNA barcoding complements both regulatory and management tasks. In this review, we describe the current and potential applications of DNA barcoding for plant pest management, with a particular focus on terrestrial arthropods, as well as introduce and discuss some analytical methodologies and tools used for DNA barcoding research. Furthermore, we summarize the currently available DNA barcode data for a composite global pest list of 1044 plant pests, compiled from six international pest lists.
Longitudinal Variation in the Ohio River Fish Community
Authors: Seegert Greg , Vondruska Joe , Perry Elgin , Dixon Doug 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The Ohio River fish community was sampled three times (June, August, and October) in 2005 by electrofishing near 17 power plants encompassing nearly the entire length of the Ohio River (river kilometer 82–1,527). Six 500-m zones were electrofished at each plant. Using a generalized additive model, we examined this data set of 306 electrofishing samples to determine how the abundance of 31 taxa varied over the length of the river. We also looked for trends in several measures of community health (catch rate, species richness, index of biotic integrity, and modified index of well-being). Of the 31 taxa examined, all but three showed longitudinal differences over the course of the river. Based on the patterns for the 31 taxa and 5 community measures, we assigned each taxon or measure to one of seven classes. The largest class included 10 taxa that declined steadily in abundance from upriver to downriver. All community measures followed a similar pattern except that each measure increased near the downstream-most plant. Conversely, only two taxa (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis and River Carpsucker Carpiodes carpio) showed the opposite trend (i.e., increasing in a downstream direction). Some taxa were restricted to the upper or lower end of the river or to certain reaches along the river. Species that were restricted to the upper river were primarily stream fishes (certain minnows Notropis spp. and several darters Etheostoma spp.). Conversely, fish species that were restricted to the lower river were primarily large-river fishes as well as species that were typical of the Mississippi River fauna. Site-specific differences in water temperature, Secchi depth, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen were generally unimportant in explaining the observed patterns. Substrate type (percent cobble/boulder and percent silt) occasionally was important. The observed longitudinal trends appeared to be primarily in response to natural temperature and habitat differences between the upper and lower sections of the Ohio River.
Received March 16, 2012; accepted March 10, 2013
Forest-dependent communities' livelihood in decentralized forest governance policy epoch: case study from West Shoa zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammed Abrar Juhar , Inoue Makoto 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This study analyzed the livelihoods of households located in and around forests in Ethiopia, and investigated the impacts of two major forest policies of the country, delegation and devolution. The results showed that forest-related livelihoods are an important mechanism to cope with drought and concomitant food shortages. The forest is also an important source of income, especially for the relatively resource-poor community and for the poor and very poor households in the community. The delegation policy has frustrated this role of the forest in local people's livelihoods while devolution yielded mixed results, with some forest-related benefits declining while others showed increase.
A hierarchical model of transcriptional dynamics allows robust estimation of transcription rates in populations of single cells with variable gene copy number
Authors: Woodcock Dan J. , Vance Keith W. , Komorowski Michał , Koentges Georgy , Finkenstädt Bärbel , Rand David A. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: cis-regulatory DNA sequence elements, such as enhancers and silencers, function to control the spatial and temporal expression of their target genes. Although the overall levels of gene expression in large cell populations seem to be precisely controlled, transcription of individual genes in single cells is extremely variable in real time. It is, therefore, important to understand how these cis-regulatory elements function to dynamically control transcription at single-cell resolution. Recently, statistical methods have been proposed to back calculate the rates involved in mRNA transcription using parameter estimation of a mathematical model of transcription and translation. However, a major complication in these approaches is that some of the parameters, particularly those corresponding to the gene copy number and transcription rate, cannot be distinguished; therefore, these methods cannot be used when the copy number is unknown.
Results: Here, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate biokinetic parameters from live cell enhancer–promoter reporter measurements performed on a population of single cells. This allows us to investigate transcriptional dynamics when the copy number is variable across the population. We validate our method using synthetic data and then apply it to quantify the function of two known developmental enhancers in real time and in single cells.
Availability: Supporting information is submitted with the article.
Contact: d.j.woodcock@warwick.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Relation between sequence and structure in membrane proteins
Authors: Olivella Mireia , Gonzalez Angel , Pardo Leonardo , Deupi Xavier 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Integral polytopic membrane proteins contain only two types of folds in their transmembrane domains: α-helix bundles and β-barrels. The increasing number of available crystal structures of these proteins permits an initial estimation of how sequence variability affects the structure conservation in their transmembrane domains. We, thus, aim to determine the pairwise sequence identity necessary to maintain the transmembrane molecular architectures compatible with the hydrophobic nature of the lipid bilayer.
Results: Root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) and sequence identity were calculated from the structural alignments of pairs of homologous polytopic membrane proteins sharing the same fold. Analysis of these data reveals that transmembrane segment pairs with sequence identity in the so-called ‘twilight zone’ (20–35%) display high-structural similarity (rmsd &lt; 1.5 Å). Moreover, a large group of β-barrel pairs with low-sequence identity (&lt;20%) still maintain a close structural similarity (rmsd &lt; 2.5 Å). Thus, we conclude that fold preservation in transmembrane regions requires less sequence conservation than for globular proteins. These findings have direct implications in homology modeling of evolutionary-related membrane proteins.
Contact: Mireia.Olivella@uvic.cat or Xavier.Deupi@psi.ch
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identification of hidden relationships from the coupling of Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis and Domain Architecture information
Authors: Faure Guilhem , Callebaut Isabelle 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Describing domain architecture is a critical step in the functional characterization of proteins. However, some orphan domains do not match any profile stored in dedicated domain databases and are thereby difficult to analyze.
Results: We present here an original novel approach, called TREMOLO-HCA, for the analysis of orphan domain sequences and inspired from our experience in the use of Hydrophobic Cluster Analysis (HCA). Hidden relationships between protein sequences can be more easily identified from the PSI-BLAST results, using information on domain architecture, HCA plots and the conservation degree of amino acids that may participate in the protein core. This can lead to reveal remote relationships with known families of domains, as illustrated here with the identification of a hidden Tudor tandem in the human BAHCC1 protein and a hidden ET domain in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Taf14p and human AF9 proteins. The results obtained in such a way are consistent with those provided by HHPRED, based on pairwise comparisons of HHMs. Our approach can, however, be applied even in absence of domain profiles or known 3D structures for the identification of novel families of domains. It can also be used in a reverse way for refining domain profiles, by starting from known protein domain families and identifying highly divergent members, hitherto considered as orphan.
Availability: We provide a possible integration of this approach in an open TREMOLO-HCA package, which is fully implemented in python v2.7 and is available on request. Instructions are available at http://www.impmc.upmc.fr/∼callebau/tremolohca.html.
Contact: isabelle.callebaut@impmc.upmc.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intercultural therapy and the limitations of a cultural competency framework: about cultural differences, universalities and the unresolvable tensions between them
Authors: Rober Peter , De Haene Lucia 
Published: May 2013

Working with a family from a cultural background other than one's own is considered to be challenging for the therapist. Influenced by social constructionism, the family therapy field highlights the importance of contingency and cultural differences and therapists are encouraged to develop their cultural competency in order to deal with these differences. In this article, starting from contemporary critiques of notions of Western societies' cultural diversity, we address the way in which the cultural competency framework, by highlighting the importance of cultural differences and the therapist's culture‐specific knowledge, may underestimate the importance of the social dimensions of the issues involved. Furthermore, highlighting cultural differences may obscure the shared humanity present in a transcultural encounter. In this article, as an alternative to the cultural competency framework, we propose a view of intercultural family therapy in which the unresolvable dialectical tension between differences and universalities is central.Practitioner points
The article addresses the challenge of working with families from diverse cultural backgrounds.
The traditional framework of cultural competence is critically reviewed.
Family therapists should not only be open for cultural differences, but also for universalities and especially for the never‐ending tension between differences and universalities.
Fracturing Hegemony: Regionalism and State Rescaling in South Korea, 1961–71
Authors: Gimm Dong‐Wan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study is informed by the theorizing prompted by recent work on state rescaling. I aim to examine the interaction between the top‐down and bottom‐up rescaling processes that took place in the South Korean developmental state during the late 1960s and early 1970s. I focus on a regionalism that both built a regional scale and influenced the hegemonic crisis of the ruling regime. Specifically, the study illustrates the features of state space that were shaped during the developmental era and the factors that allow state space to be stable and coherent. By dealing with these questions, I provide a possible interpretation of why and how regionalism was a crucial factor in the hegemonic crisis of the 1960s and generated a rescaling of state space. What makes this study significant is not merely the fact that this space is located in East Asia. It could also, more generally, open up an alternative perspective on state rescaling during the early stages of state‐led industrialization.
Implementation of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project in Kenya
Authors: Carvalho M , Vinayak S , Ochieng R , Choksey V , Musee N , Stones W , Knight HE , Cheikh Ismail L ,   for the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21 Century (INTERGROWTH‐21)
Published: May 2013

Please cite this paper as: Carvalho M, Vinayak S, Ochieng R, Choksey V, Musee N, Stones W, Knight H, Cheikh Ismail L, for the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st Century (INTERGROWTH‐21st). Implementation of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project in Kenya. BJOG 2013; 120 (Suppl. 2): 105–110.The African site in the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project was Parklands, a wealthy suburb of Nairobi, Kenya, with a largely middle‐to‐high socio‐economic status population. There are three hospitals with obstetric units in Parklands, with approximately 4300 births per year. The Newborn Cross‐Sectional Study (NCSS) sample was drawn from all three hospitals, covering 100% of births in this target population. The Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) sample was recruited from antenatal clinics serving these hospitals, using the eligibility criteria in the INTERGROWTH‐21st protocol. Special activities to raise awareness of the study included securing media coverage and distributing leaflets in antenatal clinic waiting rooms. FGLS required women to be recruited in the first trimester; therefore, a major challenge at this study site was the high background frequency of first antenatal consultations in the second trimester. The problem was overcome by the study awareness campaign, as a result of which more women started attending antenatal care earlier in pregnancy.
Evaluation of clinical hypothyroidism risk due to irradiation of thyroid and pituitary glands in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal cancer patients
Authors: Lin Zhixiong , Wang Xiaoyan , Xie Wenjia , Yang Zhining , Che Kaijun , Wu Vincent WC 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroductionRadiation‐induced thyroid dysfunction after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has been reported. This study investigated the radiation effects of the thyroid and pituitary glands on thyroid function after radiotherapy for NPC.MethodsSixty‐five NPC patients treated with radiotherapy were recruited. Baseline thyroid hormone levels comprising free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) were taken before treatment and at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months. A seven‐beam intensity‐modulated radiotherapy plan was generated for each patient. Thyroid and pituitary gland dose volume histograms were generated, dividing the patients into four groups: high (>50 Gy) thyroid and pituitary doses (HTHP group); high thyroid and low pituitary doses (HTLP group); low thyroid and high pituitary doses; and low thyroid and pituitary doses. Incidence of hypothyroidism was analysed.ResultsTwenty‐two (34%) and 17 patients (26%) received high mean thyroid and pituitary doses, respectively. At 18 months, 23.1% of patients manifested various types of hypothyroidism. The HTHP group showed the highest incidence (83.3%) of hypothyroidism, followed by the HTLP group (50%).ConclusionsNPC patients with high thyroid and pituitary gland doses carried the highest risk of abnormal thyroid physiology. The dose to the thyroid was more influential than the pituitary dose at 18 months after radiotherapy, and therefore more attention should be given to the thyroid gland in radiotherapy planning.
Rocuronium and sugammadex in patients with myasthenia gravis undergoing thymectomy
Authors: SUNGUR ULKE Z. , YAVRU A. , CAMCI E. , OZKAN B. , TOKER A. , SENTURK M. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundThe use of neuromuscular blocking agents is still controversial in myasthenic patients but rocuronium could be useful after the introduction of sugammadex as a selective antagonist. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of rocuronium‐sugammadex in myasthenic patients undergoing thoracoscopic thymectomy.MethodsAfter ethical approval, 10 myasthenic patients undergoing videothoracoscopic‐assisted thymectomy were enrolled in the study. Neuromuscular block was achieved with 0.3 mg/kg rocuronium and additional doses were given according to train‐of‐four (TOF) monitoring or movement of the diaphragm. Sugammadex 2 mg/kg was given after surgery. Recovery time (time to obtain a TOF value > 0.9) was recorded for all subjects.ResultAll patients were extubated in the operating room after administration of sugammadex. Mean rocuronium dose was 48 mg and the average operation time was 62 min. Recovery time after sugammadex administration was 111 s (min 35; max 240).ConclusionsA rapid recovery of neuromuscular function was found in myasthenic patients receiving rocuronium when sugammadex was used for reversal. This combination could be a rational alternative for myasthenic patients for whom neuromuscular blockade is mandatory during surgery.