bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess necessitating liver resection for effective treatment
Authors: Maybury B , Powell-Chandler A , Kumar N 
Published: March 2015

We report two British cases of liver abscess, due to Klebsiella pneumoniae and associated with synchronous infection elsewhere, which required liver resection for definitive treatment. They illustrate the geographic spread of aggressive K pneumoniae liver infection and demonstrate the importance of early aggressive treatment.
Delay in diagnosis and lessons learnt from a case of abdominal wall abscess caused by fishbone perforation
Authors: Hakeem A , Shanmugam V , Badrinath K , Dube M , Panto P 
Published: March 2015

Complications following foreign body (FB) ingestion are an uncommon clinical problem. A 59-year-old man presented with a 4-week history of left iliac fossa pain and 1 episode of dark red blood mixed with stools. Inflammatory markers were elevated, and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis showed an ill defined abdominal wall inflammatory collection in close contact with the small bowel loops. He was treated with antibiotics, and follow-up CT, colonoscopy and small bowel enema were mostly unremarkable. The patient presented again ten months later with left iliac fossa cellulitis and fever. Multiplanar CT (the patient’s fourth scan) demonstrated a 10cm abdominal wall collection with a linear hyperdense structure in the collection. The radiologists suspected a FB and on close scrutiny of the previous scans, they noted it to have been present on all of them. A targeted incision led to the removal of a 3cm fishbone from the collection. This case highlights the need to consider the possibility of a FB being the underlying cause in any unexplained intra-abdominal or abdominal wall inflammatory process so that the diagnosis is made in a timely manner.
Single incision glove port laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection
Authors: Joshi HMN , Gosselink MP , Adusumilli S , Hompes R , Cunningham C , Lindsey I , Jones OM 
Published: March 2015

Introduction The advantages of single port surgery remain controversial. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single incision glove port colon resections using a diathermy hook, reusable ports and standard laparoscopic straight instrumentation. Methods Between June 2012 and February 2014, 70 consecutive patients (30 women) underwent a colonic resection using a wound retractor and glove port. Forty patients underwent a right hemicolectomy through the umbilicus and thirty underwent attempted single port resection via an incision in the right rectus sheath (14 high anterior resection, 13 low anterior resection, 3 abdominoperineal resection). Results Sixty-two procedures (89%) were completed without conversion to open or multiport techniques. Four procedures had to be converted and additional ports were needed in four other patients. The postoperative mortality rate was 0%. Complications occurred in six patients (9%). Two cases were R1 while the remainder were R0 with a median nodal harvest of 20 (range: 9–48). The median length of hospital stay was 5 days (range: 3–25 days) (right hemicolectomy: 5 days (range: 3–12 days), left sided resection: 6 days (range: 4–25 days). At a median follow-up of 14 months, no port site hernias were observed. Conclusions Single incision glove port surgery is an appropriate technique for different colorectal cancer resections and has the advantage of being less expensive than surgery with commercial single incision ports.
Durability of giant hiatus hernia repair in 455 patients over 20 years
Authors: Le Page PA , Furtado R , Hayward M , Law S , Tan A , Vivian SJ , Van der Wall H , Falk GL 
Published: March 2015

Introduction The surgical management of symptomatic giant hiatus hernia (GHH) aims to improve quality of life (QoL) and reduce the risk of life threatening complications. Previous reports are predominantly those with small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. The present study sought to assess a large cohort of patients for recurrence and QoL over a longer time period. Methods This was a follow-up study of a prospectively collected database of 455 consecutive patients. Primary repair of GHH was evaluated by endoscopy/barium meal for recurrence and a standardised symptom questionnaire for QoL. Recurrence was assessed for size, elapsed time, oesophagitis and symptoms. Results Objective and subjective review was achieved in 91.9% and 68.6% of patients. The median age was 69 years (range: 15–93 years) and 64% were female. Laparoscopic repair was completed in 95% (mesh in 6% and Collis gastroplasty in 7%). The 30-day mortality rate was 0.9%. The proportion of patients alive at five and ten years were 90% and 75% respectively. Postoperative QoL scores improved from a mean of 95 to 111 (p<0.01) and were stable over time (112 at 10 years). The overall recurrence rate was 35.6% (149/418) at 42 months; this was 11.5% (48/418) for hernias >2cm and 24.2% (101/418) for <2cm. The rate of new recurrence at 0–1 years was 13.7% (>2cm = 3.4%, <2cm = 10.3%), at 1–5 years it was 30.8% (>2cm = 9.5%, <2cm = 21.3%), at 5–10 years it was 40.1% (>2cm = 13.8%, <2cm = 26.3%) and at over 10 years it was 50.0% (>2cm = 25.0%, <2cm = 25.0%). Recurrence was associated with oesophagitis but not decreased QoL. Revision surgery was required in 4.8% of cases (14.8% with recurrence). There were no interval major GHH complications. Conclusions Surgery has provided sustained QoL improvements irrespective of recurrence. Recurrence occurred progressively over ten years and may predispose to oesophagitis.
Renal injury management in an urban trauma centre and implications for urological training
Authors: McPhee M , Arumainayagam N , Clark M , Burfitt N , DasGupta R 
Published: March 2015

Introduction The aim of this study was to analyse the treatment and management of renal injury patients presenting to our major trauma unit to determine the likelihood of patients needing immediate nephrectomy. Methods The Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was used to review trauma cases presenting to our department between February 2009 and September 2013. Demographic data, mechanism and severity of injury, grade of renal trauma, management and 30-day outcome were determined from TARN data, electronic patient records and imaging. Results There were a total of 1,856 trauma cases, of which 36 patients (1.9%) had a renal injury. In this group, the median age was 28 years (range: 16–92 years), with 28 patients (78%) having blunt renal trauma and 8 (22%) penetrating renal trauma. The most common cause for blunt renal trauma was road traffic accidents. Renal trauma cases were stratified into American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grades (grade I: 19%, grade II: 22%, grade III: 28%, grade IV: 28%, grade V: 0%). All patients with grade I and II injuries were treated conservatively. There were three patients (1 with grade III and 2 with grade IV renal injuries) who underwent radiological embolisation. One of these patients went on to have a delayed nephrectomy owing to unsuccessful embolisation. Conclusions Trauma patients rarely require emergency nephrectomy. Radiological selective embolisation provides a good interventional option in cases of active bleeding from renal injury in haemodynamically stable patients. This has implications for trauma care and how surgical cover is provided for the rare event of nephrectomy.
Does arthroscopic subacromial decompression improve quality of life
Authors: Butt U , Whiteman A , Wilson J , Paul E , Roy B 
Published: March 2015

Introduction There has been a significant rise in the volume of subacromial decompression surgery performed in the UK. This study aimed to determine whether arthroscopic subacromial decompression improves health related quality of life in a cost effective manner. Methods Patients undergoing arthroscopic subacromial decompression surgery for impingement were enrolled between 2012 and 2014. The Oxford shoulder score and the EQ-5D™ instruments were completed prior to and following surgery. A cost–utility analysis was performed. Results Eighty-three patients were eligible for the study with a mean follow-up duration of 15 months (range: 4–27 months). The mean Oxford shoulder score improved by 13 points (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11–15 points). The mean health utility gain extrapolated from the EQ-5D™ questionnaire improved by 0.23 (95% CI: 0.16–0.30), translating to a minimum cost per QALY of £5,683. Conclusions Subacromial decompression leads to significant improvement in function and quality of life in a cost effective manner. This provides justification for its ongoing practice by appropriately trained shoulder surgeons in correctly selected patients.
Systematic review of enhanced recovery after gastro-oesophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Gemmill EH , Humes DJ , Catton JA 
Published: March 2015

Introduction Fast track methodology or enhanced recovery schemes have gained increasing popularity in perioperative care. While evidence is strong for colorectal surgery, its importance in gastric and oesophageal surgery has yet to be established. This article reviews the evidence of enhanced recovery schemes on outcome for this type of surgery. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted up to March 2014. Studies were retrieved and analysed using predetermined criteria. Results From 34 articles reviewed, 18 eligible studies were identified: 7 on gastric and 11 on oesophageal resection. Three randomised controlled trials, five case-controlled studies and ten case series were identified. The reported protocols included changes to each stage of the patient journey from pre to postoperative care. The specific focus following oesophageal resections was on early mobilisation, a reduction in intensive care unit stay, early drain removal and early (or no) contrast swallow studies. Following gastric resections, the emphasis was on reducing epidural anaesthesia along with re-establishing oral intake in the first three postoperative days and early removal of nasogastric tubes. In the papers reviewed, mortality rates following fast track surgery were 0.8% (9/1,075) for oesophageal resection and 0% (0/329) for gastric resection. The reported morbidity rate was 16.5% (54/329) following gastric resection and 38.6% (396/1,075) following oesophageal resection. Length of stay was reduced in both groups compared with conventional recovery groups in comparative studies. Conclusions The evidence for enhanced recovery schemes following gastric and oesophageal resection is weak, with only three (low volume) published randomised controlled trials. However, the enhanced recovery approach appears safe and may be associated with a reduction in length of stay.
Incidence and survival trends of lip, intra-oral cavity and tongue base cancers in south-east England
Authors: Olaleye O , Ekrikpo U , Lyne O , Wiseberg J 
Published: March 2015

Background Oral cavity cancers are on the increase in the UK. Understanding site-specific epidemiological trends is important for cancer control measures. This study demonstrates the changing epidemiological trends in lip, intra-oral cavity and tongue base cancers in south-east England from 1987 to 2006. Aim: Methods This was a retrospective study using anonymised data obtained from the Thames Cancer Registry (TCR) London. Data were analysed using SPSS v.17 and survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Age standardisation of the incidence rates was performed. It was conducted in south-east England, which has an average population of 12 million. The study analysed 9,318 cases (ICD-10 code C00–C06, C14). Kent Research Ethics Committee UK granted ethical approval. Results Oral cancers were more common in men, with male: female ratio of 1.6:1. Tongue cancers had the highest frequency at 3,088 (33.1%). Incidence varied with each cancer type. Mean incidence (per 1,000,000) ranged from 2.3 (lip cancer) to 13.8 (tongue cancer). There has been a statistically significant increase in incidence for cancers of the tongue base, other parts of tongue, gum and palate (p<0.001). Median survival time varied by sub-site, with lip cancer having the best median survival time (11.09 years) compared with tongue base cancer (2.42 years). Survival analyses showed worse prognosis for men, older age at diagnosis, and presence of synchronous tumours (p<0.001). Conclusion There is a rising incidence of tongue and tongue base, gum and palate cancers in south-east England with wide variability in survival. Oral cancer awareness and screening programmes should be encouraged.
What to publish
Authors: Alderson D 
Published: March 2015

Medical Publishing Series Jyoti Shah, Pippa Smart Series Editors E: jyoti.shah@burtonft.nhs.uk , pippa.smart@gmail.com ‘The writer is an explorer. Every step is an advance into new land.’ Ralph Waldo Emerson Technological developments have transformed communications in the modern era. Innovations like Wikipedia have replaced shelves of encyclopaedias and e-books are replacing textbooks. Nevertheless, the scientific journal article has remained stagnated to a presentation that is as old as the academic journal itself: introduction, methods, results and discussion. The only difference is that they are much longer! The average scientific article in 1975 was 7.4 pages long and this has risen to 12.4 pages within a few decades. 1 Despite this, readers are spending less time reading. 2 Are they busier or has their attention span become shorter? If audiences are mainly reading the abstract, the conclusions, and looking at the illustrations, with only some maybe reading the whole article, perhaps articles need to reflect this change? Most journals want original, focused, well written articles, and manuscripts that advance the knowledge and understanding in a certain field. Communication can, however, be more than the original scientific article: case reports, reviews or summaries and letters or other short forms of communication. In this article Professor Alderson, editor-in-chief of the British Journal of Surgery, discusses what types of medical publications exist and at what stage of your career to consider writing them. What is clear is that readers are not interested in reports with no scientific interest, out-of-date work, duplications of previously published work and incorrect or unacceptable conclusions. JYOTI SHAH Commissioning Editor References 1. Tenopir C, King DW. Communication Patterns of Engineers. New York: Wiley; 2004. 2. Maynard S. A Survey on the Use of Different Forms of Scholarly Output. Loughborough: Loughborough University; 2007.
Covered yet overexposed: From a female religious Jewish performance to Israel’s status as a western or non-western country
Authors: Madar Revital 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Western discourse over the Muslim veil generated different discursive outcomes. It generalized the different practices of veiling used in the Muslim world, turned it into a symbol of women’s oppression, and remained indifferent to practices of veiling outside of the Muslim world. Research regarding this phenomenon focuses particularly on the political role Muslim practices of veiling play in the western world. In that light, I look at the overt meaning minor acts of covering up have in Israel, ignored in most western countries and argue that it originates in Israel’s self-image as a western country. As such, analyses can serve as a new perspective for thinking of the relation of the West with covertness in general, i.e. beyond a specific garment. The first part of this article describes my personal experiences as a secular woman who is identified as a Jewish religious woman in Israel. The second part discusses Jacqueline Kahanoff’s gaze on Palestinian women. After this, I discuss my work with Comme Il Faut, a local fashion house based in Tel Aviv. After stitching these three points together, the status of Israel as a western or non-western country is discussed, as well as future research.
Contemporary South Asian youth cultures and the fashion landscape
Authors: Begum Lipi , Dasgupta Rohit K. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this article we reflect on the timely dialogue which took place to address how economic growth and the expanding middle-class youth population in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) influences sartorial identities. This working note is based on an ongoing research project: ‘South Asian Youth Cultures and Fashion’ and the related symposium at the London College of Fashion, which explores how South Asian sartorial identities have been previously classified and how they are changing in the face of an increasingly globalized world. The conversations which took place reiterated the very reason why the symposium was organized. Whilst there has been some study of South Asian fashion and dressing cultures within history, anthropology and its diaspora, little work has looked at the transnational implication of the changing cultural, economic and fashion education environments on dress cultures on youth.
Built for niche: Rethinking the role of manufacturing in developing designer fashion in New Zealand
Authors: Smith Amanda , Finn Angela 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The fashion system in New Zealand has strong ties to its northern hemispheric roots, largely due to its colonial past. As a result, local understandings of fashion and design have been derived from predominant British influences in terms of garment design, aesthetics, construction and manufacturing systems. This article examines the appropriateness of continuing these traditional systems as opposed to exploring more dynamic methods suited to the local environment and culture. A global fashion economy and the disconnection of design from geography in the virtual marketplace is discussed through an examination of practice-based enquiry and historical fashion contexts. The authors propose that there is a significant refocus which needs to happen for New Zealand fashion to reinvent itself as a dynamic and international industry. The rethinking of traditional methods of manufacturing and the way we use existing technology offer the best opportunity to drive innovative design both in terms of process and aesthetics. New Zealand does not need to manufacture more clothing but instead should focus on producing high end, distinctive products for an international niche market, a strategy that has proven successful for other New Zealand industries, particularly the premium wine and tourism industries.
The commodification of ethnicity: Vlisco fabrics and wax cloth fashion in Ghana
Authors: Delhaye Christine , Woets Rhoda 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this article, we position ethnicity at the heart of the marketplace in contributing to a more complex and multifaceted understanding of identity formation and commodification. We approach the commodification of ethnicity on two, interconnected levels in a globalizing world of fashion. We unravel the designs and discourses of the corporate company and textile producer Vlisco, based in the Netherlands, as well as the practices and ideas of fashion designers in Ghana who make abundant use of wax cloth fabrics. Of central concern in this article is how a corporate company and fashion designers in their designs and narratives unite an understanding of (fashion) identity as both ‘African’ and cosmopolitan, as an individual and collective expression. It is clearly not our intention to applaud these processes of commodification uncritically, fuelled as they are by global capitalism. Yet we do want to approach them as creative processes in all their complexity.
Why Africa? Why now? The designs of Ade Bakare
Authors: Borgatti Jean 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Ade Bakare’s designs show his use of historic Yoruba textiles and textile design techniques to complement gowns and dresses, less African in style than western. Bakare was born and educated in the United Kingdom, and his early career was firmly based in European fashion. After graduating from Salford University College in 1990, Bakare worked in London’s fashion industry, establishing his own label in 1991. However, the first reference to Africa in his timeline does not occur until 2002, over ten years into his career. Since then he has developed an active relationship with the Nigerian world of high fashion. He became the official designer for First Lady Stella Obasanjo in 2004, opened his Lagos boutique in 2006, and established the Young Designers Creative Competition in 2007. In this article, I propose to look at Ade Bakare in both his London and Lagos fashion worlds to explore the broadening of his fashion identity in the last decade to reference not only his Nigerian family background but also his own Yoruba ethnicity. This article draws on Bakare’s archive of materials as well as an in-depth discussion with him on his work.
The roots of change in the contemporary Cambodian fashion scene
Authors: Medvedev Katalin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article problematizes the lack of interest among fashion scholars in Cambodia, despite the fact that Cambodia is rapidly maturing into an important player in the global fashion industry. However, the primary focus of the article is a case study of the indigenous textile/fashion production of Project Wisdom from the Forest (PWF). It demonstrates that the PWF is a pioneer and exemplar of the cultural, social, economic and environmental revitalization of textile/fashion production in Cambodia. The PWF merits attention not only because it has been successful in reviving traditional Cambodian weaving practices that had been on the verge of extinction as a result of the brutality of the Khmer Rouge regime, but also because it has instinctively employed a holistic approach to sustainable production. The study details the practices at the PWF that embrace the principles of social development, equity, ecological stability and economic viability and suggests that the PWF might represent the first step in creating fashion that is genuinely Cambodian, as fashion always references the past to create new styles. It is proposed that similar holistic models of sustainable fashion production might be adopted in other fashion peripheries to provide local solutions for the development of indigenous fashion production.
USO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS POR FAMÍLIAS DO VALE DO JEQUITINHONHA, MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
Authors: Barreto Cruz Maria Jesus , Nunes Dourado Lays Fernanda , Bodevan Emerson Cotta , Araújo Lorena Ulhôa , Grael Cristiane Fernanda Fuzer , Santos Delba Fonseca 
Published: March 2015

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar a utilização de plantas medicinais pelas famílias residentes no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais. Foi realizado um estudo descritivo tipo inquérito populacional domiciliar, amostra constituída por 555 domicílios selecionados de maneira aleatória simples por meio de amostragem por conglomerado de 137 setores censitários. Dos participantes, 73,51% relataram a utilização de plantas medicinais, sendo Mentha x piperita L., Mentha pulegium L. e Foeniculum vulgare Mill as mais citadas. Dos que utilizaram plantas medicinais, 48% preparavam por decocção, 46,8% por infusão, 77% aprenderam com os pais como utilizar e preparar. Foi observado que 90,7% obtiveram as plantas dos próprios quintais, 90,9% consumiam frescas e 94,4% achavam que não fazia mal. A utilização de plantas medicinais é comum nos municípios estudados. Assim, nota-se a necessidade de realização de pesquisa etnobotânica e capacitação dos profissionais de saúde para promover o uso racional de plantas medicinais.