bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic errors related to acute abdominal pain in the emergency department
Authors: Medford-Davis Laura , Park Elizabeth , Shlamovitz Gil , Suliburk James , Meyer Ashley ND , Singh Hardeep 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveDiagnostic errors in the emergency department (ED) are harmful and costly. We reviewed a selected high-risk cohort of patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain to evaluate for possible diagnostic errors and associated process breakdowns.DesignWe conducted a retrospective chart review of ED patients >18 years at an urban academic hospital. A computerised ‘trigger’ algorithm identified patients possibly at high risk for diagnostic errors to facilitate selective record reviews. The trigger determined patients to be at high risk because they: (1) presented to the ED with abdominal pain, and were discharged home and (2) had a return ED visit within 10 days that led to a hospitalisation. Diagnostic errors were defined as missed opportunities to make a correct or timely diagnosis based on the evidence available during the first ED visit, regardless of patient harm, and included errors that involved both ED and non-ED providers. Errors were determined by two independent record reviewers followed by team consensus in cases of disagreement.ResultsDiagnostic errors occurred in 35 of 100 high-risk cases. Over two-thirds had breakdowns involving the patient–provider encounter (most commonly history-taking or ordering additional tests) and/or follow-up and tracking of diagnostic information (most commonly follow-up of abnormal test results). The most frequently missed diagnoses were gallbladder pathology (n=10) and urinary infections (n=5).ConclusionsDiagnostic process breakdowns in ED patients with abdominal pain most commonly involved history-taking, ordering insufficient tests in the patient–provider encounter and problems with follow-up of abnormal test results.
Identification of Bone-Derived Factors Conferring De Novo Therapeutic Resistance in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Yu-Chen , Lin Song-Chang , Yu Guoyu , Cheng Chien-Jui , Liu Bin , Liu Hsuan-Chen , Hawke David H. , Parikh Nila U. , Varkaris Andreas , Corn Paul , Logothetis Christopher , Satcher Robert L. , Yu-Lee Li-Yuan , Gallick Gary E. , Lin Sue-Hwa 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Resistance to currently available targeted therapies significantly hampers the survival of patients with prostate cancer with bone metastasis. Here we demonstrate an important resistance mechanism initiated from tumor-induced bone. Studies using an osteogenic patient-derived xenograft, MDA-PCa-118b, revealed that tumor cells resistant to cabozantinib, a Met and VEGFR-2 inhibitor, reside in a “resistance niche” adjacent to prostate cancer-induced bone. We performed secretome analysis of the conditioned medium from tumor-induced bone to identify proteins (termed “osteocrines”) found within this resistance niche. In accordance with previous reports demonstrating that activation of integrin signaling pathways confers therapeutic resistance, 27 of the 90 osteocrines identified were integrin ligands. We found that following cabozantinib treatment, only tumor cells positioned adjacent to the newly formed woven bone remained viable and expressed high levels of pFAK-Y397 and pTalin-S425, mediators of integrin signaling. Accordingly, treatment of C4-2B4 cells with integrin ligands resulted in increased pFAK-Y397 expression and cell survival, whereas targeting integrins with FAK inhibitors PF-562271 or defactinib inhibited FAK phosphorylation and reduced the survival of PC3-mm2 cells. Moreover, treatment of MDA-PCa-118b tumors with PF-562271 led to decreased tumor growth, irrespective of initial tumor size. Finally, we show that upon treatment cessation, the combination of PF-562271 and cabozantinib delayed tumor recurrence in contrast to cabozantinib treatment alone. Our studies suggest that identifying paracrine de novo resistance mechanisms may significantly contribute to the generation of a broader set of potent therapeutic tools that act combinatorially to inhibit metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 75(22); 4949–59. ©2015 AACR.
Trends in Use and Adverse Outcomes Associated with Transvenous Lead Removal in the United States
Authors: Deshmukh Abhishek , Patel Nileshkumar , Noseworthy Peter A. , Patel Achint A. , Patel Nilay , Arora Shilpkumar , Kapa Suraj , Noheria Amit , Mulpuru Siva , Badheka Apurva , Fischer Avi , Coffey James O. , Cha Yong Mei , Friedman Paul , Asirvatham Samuel , Viles-Gonzalez Juan F. 
Published: November 2015

Background—
Transvenous lead removal (TLR) has made significant progress with respect to innovation, efficacy, and safety. However, limited data exist regarding trends in use and adverse outcomes outside the centers of considerable experience for TLR. The aim of our study was to examine use patterns, frequency of adverse events, and influence of hospital volume on complications.

Methods and Results—

Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified 91 890 TLR procedures. We investigated common complications including pericardial complications (hemopericardium, cardiac tamponade, or pericardiocentesis), pneumothorax, stroke, vascular complications (consisting of hemorrhage/hematoma, incidents requiring surgical repair, and accidental arterial puncture), and in-hospital deaths described with TLR, defining them by the validated
International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
diagnosis code. We specifically assessed in-hospital death (2.2%), hemorrhage requiring transfusion (2.6%), vascular complications (2.0%), pericardial complications (1.4%), open heart surgery (0.2%), and postoperative respiratory failure (2.4%). Independent predictors of complications were female sex and device infections. Hospital volume was not independently associated with higher complications. There was a significant rise in overall complication rates over the study period.

Conclusions—
The overall complication rate in patients undergoing TLR was higher than previously reported. Female sex and device infections are associated with higher complications. Hospital volume was not associated with higher complication rates. The number of adverse events in the literature likely underestimates the actual number of complications associated with TLR.
The Earth System Prediction Suite: Toward a Coordinated U.S. Modeling Capability
Authors: Theurich Gerhard , DeLuca C. , Campbell T. , Liu F. , Saint K. , Vertenstein M. , Chen J. , Oehmke R. , Doyle J. , Whitcomb T. , Wallcraft A. , Iredell M. , Black T. , Da Silva A. M. , Clune T. , Ferraro R. , Li P. , Kelley M. , Aleinov I. , Balaji V. , Zadeh N. , Jacob R. , Kirtman B. , Giraldo F. , McCarren D. , Sandgathe S. , Peckham S. , Dunlap R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Earth System Prediction Suite (ESPS) is a collection of flagship U.S. weather and climate models and model components that are being instrumented to conform to interoperability conventions, documented to follow metadata standards, and made available either under open-source terms or to credentialed users.
The ESPS represents a culmination of efforts to create a common Earth system model architecture, and the advent of increasingly coordinated model development activities in the United States. ESPS component interfaces are based on the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF), community-developed software for building and coupling models, and the National Unified Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC) Layer, a set of ESMF-based component templates and interoperability conventions. This shared infrastructure simplifies the process of model coupling by guaranteeing that components conform to a set of technical and semantic behaviors. The ESPS encourages distributed, multiagency development of coupled modeling systems; controlled experimentation and testing; and exploration of novel model configurations, such as those motivated by research involving managed and interactive ensembles. ESPS codes include the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM), the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), and the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS); the NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) and the Modular Ocean Model (MOM); the Community Earth System Model (CESM); and the NASA ModelE climate model and the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, version 5 (GEOS-5), atmospheric general circulation model.
A Great Escape from the Bay of Bengal “Super Sapphire–Phailin” Tropical Cyclone: A Case of Improved Weather Forecast and Societal Response for Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Mohanty U. C. , Osuri Krishna K. , Tallapragada Vijay , Marks Frank D. , Pattanayak Sujata , Mohapatra M. , Rathore L. S. , Gopalakrishnan S. G. , Niyogi Dev 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) “Phailin (2013)” was the strongest cyclone that hit the eastern coast of the India Odisha state since the supercyclone of 1999. But the same story of casualties was not repeated as that of 1999 where approximately 10 000 fatalities were reported. In the case of Phailin, a record 1 million people were evacuated across 18 000 villages in both the Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states to coastal shelters following the improved operational forecast guidance that benefited from highly skillful and accurate numerical model guidance for the movement, intensity, rainfall, and storm surge. Thus, the property damage and death toll were minimized through the proactive involvement of three-tier disaster management agencies at central, state, and district levels.
A ZDR Column Detection Algorithm to Examine Convective Storm Updrafts
Authors: Snyder Jeffrey C. , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Kumjian Matthew R. , Khain Alexander P. , Picca Joseph 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObservations and recent high-resolution numerical model simulations indicate that liquid water and partially frozen hydrometeors can be lofted considerably above the environmental 0°C level in the updrafts of convective storms owing to the warm thermal perturbation from latent heating within the updraft and to the noninstantaneous nature of drop freezing. Consequently, upward extensions of positive differential reflectivity (i.e., ZDR ≥ 1 dB)—called ZDR columns—may be a useful proxy for detecting the initiation of new convective storms and examining the evolution of convective storm updrafts. High-resolution numerical simulations with spectral bin microphysics and a polarimetric forward operator reveal a strong spatial association between updrafts and ZDR columns and show the utility of examining the structure and evolution of ZDR columns for assessing updraft evolution. This paper introduces an automated ZDR column algorithm designed to provide additional diagnostic and prognostic information pertinent to convective storm nowcasting. Although suboptimal vertical resolution above the 0°C level and limitations imposed by commonly used scanning strategies in the operational WSR-88D network can complicate ZDR column detection, examples provided herein show that the algorithm can provide operational and research-focused meteorologists with valuable information about the evolution of convective storms.
Microarray Analysis Gene Expression Profiles in Laryngeal Muscle After Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury
Authors: Bijangi-Vishehsaraei Khadijeh , Blum Kevin , Zhang Hongji , Safa Ahmad R. , Halum Stacey L. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives: The pathophysiology of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) transection injury is rare in that it is characteristically followed by a high degree of spontaneous reinnervation, with reinnervation of the laryngeal adductor complex (AC) preceding that of the abducting posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle. Here, we aim to elucidate the differentially expressed myogenic factors following RLN injury that may be at least partially responsible for the spontaneous reinnervation. Methods: F344 male rats underwent RLN injury (n = 12) or sham surgery (n = 12). One week after RLN injury, larynges were harvested following euthanasia. The mRNA was extracted from PCA and AC muscles bilaterally, and microarray analysis was performed using a full rat genome array. Results: Microarray analysis of denervated AC and PCA muscles demonstrated dramatic differences in gene expression profiles, with 205 individual probes that were differentially expressed between the denervated AC and PCA muscles and only 14 genes with similar expression patterns. Conclusions: The differential expression patterns of the AC and PCA suggest different mechanisms of reinnervation. The PCA showed the gene patterns of Wallerian degeneration, while the AC expressed the gene patterns of reinnervation by adjacent axonal sprouting. This finding may reveal important therapeutic targets applicable to RLN and other peripheral nerve injuries.
Audioprofile Surfaces
Authors: Taylor Kyle R. , Booth Kevin T. , Azaiez Hela , Sloan Christina M. , Kolbe Diana L. , Glanz Emily N. , Shearer A. Eliot , DeLuca Adam P. , Anand V. Nikhil , Hildebrand Michael S. , Simpson Allen C. , Eppsteiner Robert W. , Scheetz Todd E. , Braun Terry A. , Huygen Patrick L. M. , Smith Richard J. H. , Casavant Thomas L. 
Published: November 2015

Objective: To present audiometric data in 3 dimensions by considering age as an addition dimension. Methods: Audioprofile surfaces (APSs) were fitted to a set of audiograms by plotting each measurement of an audiogram as an independent point in 3 dimensions with the x, y, and z axes representing frequency, hearing loss in dB, and age, respectively. Results: Using the Java-based APS viewer as a standalone application, APSs were pre-computed for 34 loci. By selecting APSs for the appropriate genetic locus, a clinician can compare this APS-generated average surface to a specific patient’s audiogram. Conclusion: Audioprofile surfaces provide an easily interpreted visual representation of a person’s hearing acuity relative to others with the same genetic cause of hearing loss. Audioprofile surfaces will support the generation and testing of sophisticated hypotheses to further refine our understanding of the biology of hearing.
Dimensional synthesis of three-fingered robot hands for maximal precision manipulation workspace
Authors: Borràs Júlia , Dollar Aaron M. 
Published: November 2015

This paper applies dimensional synthesis to explore the geometric design of dexterous three-fingered robotic hands for maximizing precision manipulation workspace, in which the hand stably moves an object with respect to the palm of the hand, with contacts only on the fingertips. We focus primarily on the tripod grasp, which is the most commonly used grasp for precision manipulation. We systematically explore the space of design parameters, with two main objectives: maximize the workspace of a fully actuated hand and explore how under-actuation modifies it. We use a mathematical framework that models the hand-plus-object system and examine how the workspace varies with changes in nine hand and object parameters such as link length and finger arrangement on the palm. Results show that to achieve the largest workspaces the palm radius should be approximately half of a finger length larger than the target object radius, that the distal link of the two-link fingers should be around 1–1.2 times the length of the proximal link, and that fingers should be arranged symmetrically about the palm with object contacts also symmetric. Furthermore, a proper parameter design for an under-actuated hand can achieve up to 50% of the workspace of a fully actuated hand. When compared to the system parameters of existing popular hand designs, larger palms and longer distal links are needed to maximize the manipulation workspace of the studied design.
Performance measures, hours of caregiving assistance, and risk of adverse care outcomes among older adult users of Medicaid home and community-based services
Authors: Danilovich Margaret K , Corcos Daniel M , Marquez David X , Eisenstein Amy R , Hughes Susan L 
Published: November 2015

Objectives: This study used validated physical performance measures to examine function, risk of adverse health outcomes, and the relationship with allocated hours of weekly caregiving assistance among older adults receiving home and community-based services through a Medicaid waiver program. Methods: Older adults (n = 42) completed physical performance measures including grip strength, 30-s chair rise, Timed Up and Go, and gait speed. Demographic information including age, gender, and allocated hours of weekly caregiving assistance were also collected. Results: A majority, 72% of females and 86% of males, had weak grip strength, 57% met criteria for fall risk based on their Timed Up and Go score, 83% had lower extremity strength impairments, and 98% were unable to ambulate more than 1.0 m/s. Frailty was prevalent in the sample with 72% of clients meeting Fried’s frailty criteria. The most significant predictors of allocated hours of weekly caregiving assistance approved for clients were race and gait speed. Conclusion: Based on scores on physical performance measures, clients are at risk of falls, hospitalization, and mortality, and scores indicate an urgent need to assess performance in addition to self-reported activities of daily living limitations for this population. Performance measures associated with quantifiable risk of adverse outcomes can be critical indicators for referrals and services needed to enhance the safety and improve care outcomes for homebound older adults.
Impact of Pain on Patient Satisfaction Integration Process
Authors: Otani Koichiro , Chumbler Neale R. , Herrmann Patrick A. , Kurz Richard S. 
Published: November 2015

Context: Health care environments have been changing rapidly, and one of the changes is to emphasize patient satisfaction. However, most studies assume that all patients integrate their health care attribute reactions in the same way to arrive at their satisfaction. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate how patients’ experience of pain influences their attribute reaction integration process and their overall rating of the hospital. Design: Patient satisfaction data were collected using a mailed questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analyses with a dichotomous (yes/no) pain variable and its interaction effects with nursing care, physician care, staff care, and hospital room were conducted with control variables. Main Outcome Measures: The pain variable was statistically significant and also revealed interaction effects with the physician care and the staff care variables in the model. Patients who needed medicine for pain showed lower overall rating of the hospitals than patients who did not need medicine. Results: The statistically significant interaction effects indicate that for patients who needed medicine for pain, staff care becomes more important and physician care becomes less important compared to patients who do not need medicine for pain. All 4 attributes (nursing care, physician care, staff care, and hospital room) are not equally influential. Conclusion: Implementing policies and procedures related to these interaction effects would lead to the most efficient and effective improvement outcomes. These findings suggest that future policies should be modified to enhance nursing and staff care to provide more direct care for patients with pain.
Molecular signatures of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-mediated tissue repair
Authors: Katsuda Takeshi , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communications via their content molecules, and mimic, at least in part, the roles that are played by their originating cells. Consistent with this notion, an increasing number of reports have suggested that EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are therapeutically beneficial to a wide range of diseases, can serve as drugs to treat multiple diseases. EVs contain a variety of molecules, including proteins, microRNAs, and mRNAs, and are associated with biological processes in a content molecule-dependent manner. In this article, we review the latest reports regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-EVs by focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects. Specifically, we feature the effects of MSC-EVs in terms of their content molecules and of the tissue recovery processes endowed by these molecules.
Shrinking projection methods for solving split equilibrium problems and fixed point problems for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces
Authors: Witthayarat Uamporn , Abdou Afrah A N , Cho Yeol Je 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new iterative sequence for solving common problems which consist of split equilibrium problems and fixed point problems for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in the framework of Hilbert spaces and prove some strong convergence theorems of the generated sequence $\{x_{n}\}$
{

x
n

}
by the shrinking projection method. Our results improve and extend the previous results given in the literature.
Robust jumping performance and elastic energy recovery from compliant perches in tree frogs
Authors: Astley Henry C. , Haruta Alison , Roberts Thomas J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Arboreal animals often move on compliant branches, which may deform substantially under loads, absorbing energy. Energy stored in a compliant substrate may be returned to the animal or it may be lost. In all cases studied so far, animals jumping from a static start lose all of the energy imparted to compliant substrates and performance is reduced. Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) are particularly capable arboreal jumpers, and we hypothesized that these animals would be able to recover energy from perches of varying compliance. In spite of large deflections of the perches and consequent substantial energy absorption, frogs were able to regain some of the energy lost to the perch during the recoil. Takeoff velocity was robust to changes in compliance, but was lower than when jumping from flat surfaces. This highlights the ability of animals to minimize energy loss and maintain dependable performance on challenging substrates via behavioral changes.
Proton-Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yamada Teppei , Sadakiyo Masaaki , Shigematsu Akihito , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Proton-conductive electrolytes are key materials in fuel cells. We introduced acidic functional groups into a porous coordination polymer (PCP), or metal–organic framework (MOF), and constructed proton-conductive PCP/MOFs. To achieve this, a novel synthetic method for introducing acidic groups in PCP/MOF was invented. The proton conductivities of various PCP/MOF materials were investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy, and some of the materials showed high proton conductivity up to 8 × 10−3 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. We also investigated the dependency of proton conductivity on functional groups and found a relationship between proton conductivity, the acidity of the functional groups, and the hydrogen-bond networks formed inside the pores of PCP/MOFs. These PCP/MOF materials have high crystallinity, and the frameworks and arrangement of guests in the inner pore were clearly determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The relationship between proton conductivity and hydrogen-bond networks was investigated. This study thus establishes a novel field for investigating highly proton-conductive materials.