bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and future trends for disposable technology in the biopharmaceutical industry
Authors: Allison Nigel , Richards Jackie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSingle use technology (SUT) is in widespread use throughout the biopharmaceutical industry where it is replacing traditional stainless steel plant particularly for the manufacture of small volume, high value products. The key drivers for SUT uptake include reduction of regulatory risk, lower capital and energy costs and increased facility flexibility. Disposable technology is now well established for cell culture, liquid handling and storage but its application to some downstream operations is proving more intractable. Single‐use chromatography resins are generally uneconomic at process scale and there are limitations on large‐scale tangential flow filtration capacities. The development of disposable sensor technology is lagging behind that of bioreactors and capacities for microbial culture are presently limited to 2000 litres. Concerns regarding compatibility of equipment from different suppliers and extractable and leachable testing are being addressed but continue to influence uptake of SUT by traditional manufacturers. Complete ‘plug and play’ disposable process trains, however, are becoming increasingly available and are being embraced by Contract Manufacturing Organisations (CMOs) with multiproduct facilities. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
miR‐252 of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus regulates dengue virus replication by suppressing the expression of the dengue virus envelope protein
Authors: Yan Hui , Zhou Yanhe , Liu Yanxia , Deng Yuhua , Puthiyakunnon Santhosh , Chen Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus is a major vector of dengue in mainland China. Dengue epidemics have spread from the southern coastal regions to the relatively northern and western regions since 1990s. Dengue has become an emerging public health problem in the southern coastal regions. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short non‐coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. A highly abundant miRNA, miR‐252, was induced more than threefold after dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV‐2) infection in the Ae. albopictus C6/36 cell line. Transfection with miR‐252 inhibitor resulted in the increase of DENV‐2 RNA copies and the up‐regulation of DENV‐2 envelop protein (E protein) expression, whereas over expression of miR‐252 with its mimic decreased DENV RNA copies and the down‐regulation of E protein expression. MiR‐252 mimic reduced luciferase activity of a luciferase reporter that contained the predicted miR‐252 target on the DENV‐2 envelope gene sequence. The present results indicated that the miR‐252 of Ae. albopictus could regulate the gene expression of DENV‐2 E protein and may act as a cellular antiviral regulator in Ae. albopictus. J. Med. Virol. 86:1428–1436, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of EBV DNA viral load in whole blood, plasma, B‐cells and B‐cell culture supernatant
Authors: Ouedraogo David Eric , Bollore Karine , Viljoen Johannes , Foulongne Vincent , Reynes Jacques , Cartron Guillaume , Vendrell Jean‐Pierre , Van de Perre Philippe , Tuaillon Edouard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) genome quantitation in whole blood is used widely for therapeutic monitoring of EBV‐associated disorders in immunosuppressed individuals and in patients with EBV‐associated lymphoma. However, the most appropriate biological material to be used for EBV DNA quantitation remains a subject of debate. This study compare the detection rate and levels of EBV DNA from whole blood, plasma, enriched B‐cells, and B‐cell short‐term culture supernatant using quantitative real‐time PCR. Samples were collected from 33 subjects with either HIV infection or B‐cell lymphoma. Overall, EBV DNA was detected in 100% of enriched B‐cell samples, in 82% of B‐cell culture supernatants, in 57% of plasma, and 42% of whole blood samples. A significant correlation for EBV viral load was found between enriched B‐cell and B‐cell culture supernatant material (ρ = 0.92; P < 0.0001), but no significant correlation existed between EBV DNA levels in whole blood and enriched B‐cells (ρ = −0.02; P = 0.89), whole blood and plasma (ρ = 0.24; P = 0.24), or enriched B‐cells and plasma (ρ = 0.08; P = 0.77). Testing of enriched B‐cells appeared to be the most sensitive method for detection of EBV DNA as well as for exploration of the cellular reservoir. Quantitation of EBV DNA in plasma and B‐cell culture supernatant may be of interest to assess EBV reactivation dynamics and response to treatment as well as to decipher EBV host–pathogen interactions in various clinical scenarios. J. Med. Virol. 86:851–856, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of biochemical composition on endplate cartilage tensile properties in the human lumbar spine
Authors: Fields Aaron J. , Rodriguez David , Gary Kaitlyn N. , Liebenberg Ellen C. , Lotz Jeffrey C. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEndplate cartilage integrity is critical to spine health and is presumably impaired by deterioration in biochemical composition. Yet, quantitative relationships between endplate biochemical composition and biomechanical properties are unavailable. Using endplate cartilage harvested from human lumbar spines (six donors, ages 51–67 years) we showed that endplate biochemical composition has a significant influence on its equilibrium tensile properties and that the presence of endplate damage associates with a diminished composition–function relationship. We found that the equilibrium tensile modulus (5.9 ± 5.7 MPa) correlated significantly with collagen content (559 ± 147 µg/mg dry weight, r2 = 0.35) and with the collagen/GAG ratio (6.0 ± 2.1, r2 = 0.58). Accounting for the damage status of the adjacent cartilage improved the latter correlation (r2 = 0.77) and indicated that samples with adjacent damage such as fissures and avulsions had a diminished modulus–collagen/GAG relationship (p = 0.02). Quasi‐linear viscoelastic relaxation properties (C, τ1, and τ2) did not correlate with biochemical composition. We conclude that reduced matrix quantity decreases the equilibrium tensile modulus of human endplate cartilage and that characteristics of biochemical composition that are independent of matrix quantity, that is, characteristics related to matrix quality, may also be important. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:245–252, 2014.
Evaluating the significance of expression of CEA mRNA and levels of CEA and its related proteins in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Wang Wenyuan , Li Yaoping , Zhang Xin , Jing Jiexian , Zhao Xianwen , Wang Yan , Han Cunzhi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the clinical significance of expression of CEA mRNA and serum CEA and the related proteins in colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsBlood samples were collected from 370 CRC patients and 350 controls. CEA mRNA was determined by RT‐PCR and levels of CEA, CA19‐9, CA242, and CA724 were examined with chemiluminescence.ResultsThe positive rate of jointly detecting serum CEA, CA19‐9, CA242, and CA724 was significantly higher than CEA mRNA expressions (P < 0.01), both positive rates were significantly correlated with TNM stage, lymph node, and visceral metastasis. The positive rate of jointly detecting in patients with poorly differentiated tumor was significantly higher than that in patients with highly differentiated tumor (P < 0.01). By contrast, CEA mRNA expression was not related with histopathologic grading. Postoperative follow‐up found that all patients with high levels of CEA mRNA and serum CEA and the related proteins had liver, lung, pelvis, or other distant metastases.ConclusionsThese results suggest that high expressions of CEA mRNA and high levels of serum CEA and the related proteins are associated with the incidence and advanced of CRC. In addition, joint detection of serum CEA and the related proteins is more sensitivity than examination of serum CEA mRNA. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:440–444. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term results and subjective outcome after gland‐preserving treatment in parotid duct stenosis
Authors: Koch Michael , Künzel Julian , Iro Heinrich , Psychogios Georgios , Zenk Johannes 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess the objective long‐term results and subjective outcome after treatment of Stensen's duct stenosis.Study DesignRetrospective study at a tertiary center.MethodsThe long‐term results after treatment with a minimally invasive regimen focusing on sialendoscopy were assessed in 82 patients with 98 parotid duct stenoses after primary gland‐preserving treatment. A questionnaire was used to assess the patients' perception of success, including clinical parameters and a visual analogue scale (VAS) assessing pain, symptoms, and salivary gland–related quality of life (QOL). Patients were invited to present for clinical and ultrasound examinations and sialendoscopy.ResultsThe average follow‐up period was 98.48 months. Fifty percent of the patients reported having recurrent gland swelling; but only 19.5% reported recurrent pain and the VAS scores for current symptoms and pain were low. Independent of the type of stenosis, the VAS scores showed a significant reduction in symptoms and improvement in the perceived QOL after the treatment (P = 0.0001 each). Follow‐up examinations were carried out in 20.73% of the patients, and sialendoscopy was performed in 12.1% of the patients. After diagnosis, recurrent stenoses (n = 8, 9.75%) were successfully reopened in all cases. The glands were preserved in all of the patients.ConclusionLong‐term evaluation after minimally invasive treatment of stenoses of the parotid duct indicates that high success rates, high rates of gland preservation, and an acceptable subjective patient outcome can be achieved.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1813–1818, 2014
Patient‐related and ENT‐related predictive factors based on the pain experienced during flexible nasendoscopy
Authors: Seccia Veronica , Dallan Iacopo , Massimetti Gabriele , Segnini Giovanni , Navari Elena , Fortunato Susanna , Bajraktari Arisa , Lenzi Riccardo , Muscatello Luca , Sellari‐Franceschini Stefano 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective was to explore the role of specific patient‐related and operator‐related factors in pain perception during flexible laryngoscopy, which is one of the most common ENT procedures.Study DesignMonocentric, randomized, individual prospective study.MethodsA total of 532 patients (145 men and 387 women), without any relevant ENT diseases, underwent laryngoscopy performed by otolaryngologists with various degrees of experience. Patient discomfort was reported using visual analog scores, and willingness to repeat the experience was also recorded.ResultsStatistical analysis showed that greater pain was significantly associated with female patients and female otolaryngologists, whereas the pain was less severe in the cases of experienced laryngologists and older patients. Pain plays an important role in determining the willingness to repeat the examination; in fact, patients who experienced lower levels of pain during laryngoscopy were more prone to repeat the experience.ConclusionThis article explores the importance of the extrinsic factors that are related to the patient and the otolaryngologist in determining the level of pain associated with laryngoscopy. Our study indicated that laryngoscopy is generally a well‐tolerated procedure, causing little overall discomfort, but that a subgroup of patients may experience more pain than others, which may affect the patient's perspective toward undergoing a similar future experience. Our analysis may be helpful for clinicians in understanding pain perception during a routine procedure, enabling them to focus more on that subgroup of patients who are more prone to pain.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 124:1648–1652, 2014
CO2‐ and O2‐Sensitive Fluorophenyl End‐Capped Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Choi Jung Yoon , Kim Jin Young , Moon Hyo Jung , Park Min Hee , Jeong Byeongmoon 
Published: November 2013

Pentafluorophenyl end‐capped poly(ethylene glycol) (PF‐PEG‐PF) aqueous solution shows a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), which is sensitive to the type of gases dissolved in the solution. LCST increases from 24.5 to 26 °C when dissolved carbon dioxide is replaced by oxygen. The transparent‐to‐turbid transition is reversibly observed when the dissolved carbon dioxide in the PF‐PEG‐PF aqueous solution is exchanged with oxygen, and vice versa, at 24.5 °C. 19F NMR and 1H NMR spectra of the PF‐PEG‐PF in D2O suggest that 1) dehydration of PEG is the main reason of developing LCST of the PF‐PEG‐PF aqueous solution, 2) minute differences in the intermolecular interactions, as demonstrated by changes in the chemical shift of the PF‐PEG‐PF peaks, induce such a difference in LCST. This paper provides a new insight in designing a stimuli‐responsive polymer in that fine tuning of a phase transition can be controlled by the type of dissolved gas.
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Real‐time monitoring of exhaled drugs by mass spectrometry
Authors: Berchtold Christian , Bosilkovska Marija , Daali Youssef , Walder Bernhard , Zenobi Renato 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFuture individualized patient treatment will need tools to monitor the dose and effects of administrated drugs. Mass spectrometry may become the method of choice to monitor drugs in real time by analyzing exhaled breath. This review describes the monitoring of exhaled drugs in real time by mass spectrometry. The biological background as well as the relevant physical properties of exhaled drugs are delineated. The feasibility of detecting and monitoring exhaled drugs is discussed in several examples. The mass spectrometric tools that are currently available to analyze breath in real time are reviewed. The technical needs and state of the art for on‐site measurements by mass spectrometry are also discussed in detail. Off‐line methods, which give support and are an important source of information for real‐time measurements, are also discussed. Finally, some examples of drugs that have already been successfully detected in exhaled breath, including propofol, fentanyl, methadone, nicotine, and valproic acid are presented. Real‐time monitoring of exhaled drugs by mass spectrometry is a relatively new field, which is still in the early stages of development. New technologies promise substantial benefit for future patient monitoring and treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 33: 394–413, 2014
In vivo field‐cycling relaxometry using an insert coil for magnetic field offset
Authors: Pine Kerrin J. , Goldie Fred , Lurie David J. 
Published: November 2013

PurposeThe T1 of tissue has a strong dependence on the measurement magnetic field strength. T1‐dispersion could be a useful contrast parameter, but is unavailable to clinical MR systems which operate at fixed magnetic field strength. The purpose of this work was to implement a removable insert magnet coil for field‐cycling T1‐dispersion measurements on a vertical‐field MRI scanner, by offsetting the static field over a volume of interest.MethodsAn insert magnet coil was constructed for use with a whole‐body sized 59 milli‐Tesla (mT) vertical‐field, permanent‐magnet based imager. The coil has diameter 38 cm and thickness 6.1 cm and a homogeneous region (± 5%) of 5 cm DSV, offset by 5 cm from the coil surface. Surface radiofrequency (RF) coils were also constructed.ResultsThe insert coil was used in conjunction with a surface RF coil and a volume‐localized inversion‐recovery pulse sequence to plot T1‐dispersion in a human volunteer's forearm over a range of field strengths from 1 mT to 70 mT.ConclusionT1‐dispersion measurements were demonstrated on a fixed‐field MRI scanner, using an insert coil. This demonstrates the feasibility of relaxation dispersion measurements on an otherwise conventional MR imager, facilitating the exploitation of T1‐dispersion contrast for enhanced diagnosis. Magn Reson Med 72:1492–1497, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protrusion‐guided extracellular vesicles mediate CD30 trans‐signalling in the microenvironment of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Hansen Hinrich P , Engels Hanna‐Mareike , Dams Maria , Paes Leme Adriana F , Pauletti Bianca Alves , Simhadri Vijaya Lakshmi , Dürkop Horst , Reiners Katrin S , Barnert Sabine , Engert Andreas , Schubert Rolf , Quondamatteo Fabio , Hallek Michael , Pogge von Strandmann Elke 
Published: November 2013

AbstractClassical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL)‐affected lymphoid tissue contains only a few malignant Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells, which are disseminated within a massive infiltrate of reactive cells. In particular, the innate immune infiltrate is deemed to support tumour growth by direct cell–cell interaction. Since they are rarely found in close proximity to the malignant cells in situ, we investigated whether cHL‐derived extracellular vesicles might substitute for a direct cell–cell contact. We studied the crosstalk of the transmembrane proteins CD30 and CD30 ligand (CD30L) because they are selectively expressed on HRS and innate immune cells, respectively. Here, we showed that HRS cells released both the ectodomain as a soluble molecule (sCD30) and the entire receptor on the surface of extracellular vesicles. The vesicle diameter was 40–800 nm, as determined by cryo‐ and immune electron microscopy. In addition to CD30, typical extracellular vesicle markers were detected by mass spectrometry and flow cytometry, including tetraspanins, flotillins, heat shock proteins and adhesion molecules. In contrast to sCD30, vesicles caused a CD30‐dependent release of interleukin‐8 in CD30L+ eosinophil‐like EoL‐1 cells and primary granulocytes from healthy donors, underscoring the functionality of CD30 on vesicles. In extracellular matrix (ECM)‐embedded culture of HRS cells, a network of actin and tubulin‐based protrusions guided CD30+ vesicles into the micro‐environment. This network targeted CD30+ vesicles towards distant immune cells and caused a robust polarization of CD30L. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of 30 µm sections showed a CD30 vesicle‐containing network also in cHL‐affected lymphoid tissue of both mixed‐cellularity and nodular sclerosing subtypes. This network might facilitate the communication between distant cell types in cHL tissue and allow a functional CD30–CD30L interaction in trans. The tubulin backbone of the network may provide a target for the therapy of cHL with antitubulin‐based CD30 antibody constructs. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Irinotecan and temozolomide for treatment of neuroblastoma in a patient with renal failure on hemodialysis
Authors: Armstrong Amy E. , Dargart Jamie , Reichek Jennifer , Walterhouse David O. , Matossian Debora , Cohn Richard A. , Gosiengfiao Yasmin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRenal failure is a rare complication of neuroblastoma or its therapy. To our knowledge, no reports describe treatment of children with neuroblastoma with chemotherapy in the setting of renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis. We report a 6‐year‐old child with high‐risk neuroblastoma who developed renal failure requiring long‐term hemodialysis. She was subsequently treated with 13 cycles of intravenous irinotecan 20 mg/m2/day and oral temozolomide 100 mg/m2/day for 5 days before disease progression without any dose adjustments, transfusions, febrile neutropenia or diarrhea. This case demonstrates that irinotecan and temozolomide can be safely administered in children with renal failure requiring hemodialysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:949–950. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of biodegradable and flexible, polylactic acid based, thermoplastic polyurethane with high gas barrier properties
Authors: Ali Fathilah Binti , Kang Dong Jin , Kim Minsoo P , Cho Chul‐Hee , Kim Bumjoon J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPolylactic acid (PLA) has the beneficial properties of good mechanical strength, biodegradability and biocompatibility, and these properties make it suitable for use as an environmentally friendly packaging material. However, its use has been limited by its brittleness and poor stability. In this work, we successfully developed an efficient synthesis scheme to improve the mechanical properties, flexibility and gas barrier properties of PLA‐based polymers. Four different PLA‐based thermoplastic polyurethane (PLAPU) polymers were synthesized through the reaction of PLA diol with hexamethylene diisocyanate, followed by chain extension with polycaprolactone (PCL) diol. The relative compositions of the hard PLA and the soft PCL diols in the PLAPU polymers were controlled systematically to optimize the physical properties of the polymers. For example, increasing the content of PCL resulted in higher molecular weight PLAPU polymers that had increased tensile strengths and elongations at break, but their moduli were decreased. At the optimized PLA:PCL ratio of 1:3, the PLAPU polymer had an excellent elongation at break of 1053% with a relatively high Young's modulus of 51.8 MPa. In addition, the gas barrier properties of the PLAPUs were significantly enhanced depending on the molecular weight and PCL content of the polymers. To demonstrate the feasibility of using PLAPU polymers for biodegradable packaging materials, hydrolytic degradation tests were performed in phosphate buffer solution, and the PLAPU polymers were degraded gradually at rates that depended on the content of PCL in the polymers. This optimized PLAPU polymer exhibited excellent flexibility and gas barrier property, as well as high elongation, demonstrating its potential utility as packaging materials. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of poly(propylene glycol) polytrioxamide and poly(urea oxamide) segmented copolymers
Authors: Buckwalter Daniel J , Hudson Amanda G , Moore Robert B , Long Timothy E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis report describes the synthesis and characterization of unprecedented poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) polytrioxamide and poly(urea oxamide) (UOx) segmented copolymers containing monodisperse hard segments. Synthesis of the segmented copolymers relied on an efficient two‐step end‐capping sequence, which resulted in novel difunctional oxamic hydrazide‐terminated polyether oligomers. Polymerization with oxalyl chloride or 4,4′‐methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) provided the desired segmented copolymers displaying thermoplastic elastomeric behavior. Variable‐temperature Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectroscopies confirmed the presence of hard segment structures and revealed ordered hydrogen bonding interactions with thermal dissociation profiles similar to those of polyurea and polyoxamide copolymer analogs. Dynamic mechanical analysis of PPG‐UOx exhibited a longer, rubbery plateau with increased moduli compared to PPG polyurea, and tensile analysis revealed a dramatic increase in copolymer toughness due to enhanced hydrogen bonding. A new step‐growth polymerization strategy is described that is capable of producing tunable hydrogen bonding segmented copolymer architectures. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry