bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocisticercosi parenchimale
Authors: Andreula C.F. , Zaccheo N. , Margari L. , Vella G. , Giannella G. , Perniola T. , Garribba A.P. , Tirelli A. 
Published: April 2015

La neurocisticercosi, sostenuta dalla la forma larvale della Tenia Solium, è la più frequente forma di parassitosi del sistema nervoso centrale dell'uomo, ma in Europa è eccezionale. La diagnosi si basa su test sierologici e liquorali, che quando positivi, hanno elevata specificità, nei casi dubbi il suggerimento diagnostico fornito dalla neuroradiologia può essere molto importante. Gli autori riportano un caso di neurocisticercosi parenchimale, a siero-liquorologia negativa, diagnosticato e monitorizzato in corso di terapia antiparassitaria con RM, con progressiva risoluzione del quadro clinico, fino a completa guarigione, e progressiva risoluzione neuroradiologia delle lesioni parenchimali. I segni neuroradiologici sui quali articolare la diagnosi e corrispondenti alle lesioni del tessuto cerebrale nella loro evoluzione patologica sono: presenza di lesioni cistiche; contenuto delle cisti; eventale presenza di capsula, con impregnazione cercinata dopo mdc; eventuale nodulo murario, corrispondente allla testa del parassita; edema perilesionale ed effetto massa.
Postmeningitic Sclerosing and Ossifying Labyrinthitis
Authors: Roncallo F. , Turtulici I. , Castellini P. , Dellepiane M. , Salami A. , Bartolini A. 
Published: April 2015

A considerable proportion of the candidates for multichannel cochlear implantation consists of patients with profound bilateral hearing loss caused by sclerosing and/or ossifying labyrinthitis as a complication of meningitis. The spread of bacteria and viruses from the meninges to the inner ear is generally thought to be either via the subarachnoid sheaths following the nerves in the internal acoustic canal, or more directly through the cochlear aqueduct. The infective stage can be followed by fibrosis of the labyrinth and later by new bone formation which may proceed to almost complete obliteration of the labyrinth. Computed tomography remains the first examination to perform in order to have a precise map of the inner ear and temporal bone anatomy as well as to depict any abnormality of the round window or calcification of the membranous labyrinth. In many centres CT is the first imaging modality chosen in the evaluation of cochlear-implant candidates, providing higher spatial resolution and unique information on skeletal structures. Temporal bone MR examination adds useful information before surgery because only thin T2-weighted sequences may depict focal or diffuse obliteration of the membranous labyrinth fluid space before calcification with a high degree of sensitivity. Moreover, MR plays a role in planning surgery, because a remaining postmeningitis labyrinthitis enhancement seems to predict a rapid evolution towards labyrinthine calcification.
The growing fibroadenoma
Authors: Sanders Linda M , Sara Rana 
Published: April 2015

Background Fibroadenomas (FAs) are the most common tumors of the breast clinically and pathologically in adolescent and young women but may be discovered at any age. With increasing use of core biopsy rather than excision for diagnosis, it is now commonplace to follow these lesions with imaging. Purpose To assess the incidence of epithelial abnormalities (atypia, in situ or invasive, ductal or lobular malignancies) in FAs diagnosed by core biopsy and to re-evaluate the management paradigm for any growing FA. Material and Methods A retrospective review of the senior author’s pathology results over 19 years identified 2062 nodular FAs (biopsied by ultrasound or stereotactic guidance). Eighty-three core biopsied FAs were identified which subsequently enlarged. Results Twelve of 2062 of core biopsied nodules demonstrated atypia, in situ, or invasive malignancy (ductal or lobular) within or adjacent to the FA (0.58%). Eighty-three FAs enlarged and underwent either surgical excision ( n = 65), repeat core biopsy ( n = 9), or imaging follow-up ( n = 9). The incidence of atypia, in situ or invasive malignancy was 0/83 (0%). Two enlarging FAs were subsequently surgically diagnosed as benign phyllodes tumors (PT). Conclusion Malignancy in or adjacent to a core biopsied FA is rare. The risk of cancer in a growing FA is even rarer; none were present in our series. FAs with abnormal epithelial abnormalities require excision. Otherwise, FAs without epithelial abnormality diagnosed by core biopsy need no specific follow-up considering the negligible incidence of conversion to malignancy. The breast interventionalist must know how to manage discordant pathology results.
A single preoperative FGF23 measurement is a strong predictor of outcome in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Speer Timo , Groesdonk Heinrich V , Zapf Beate , Buescher Vanessa , Beyse Miriam , Duerr Laura , Gewert Stella , Krauss Patrizia , Poppleton Aaron , Wagenpfeil Stefan , Fliser Danilo , Schaefers Hans-Joachim , Klingele Matthias 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Several scoring systems have been developed to predict postoperative mortality and complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, these computer-based calculations are time- and cost-intensive. A simple but highly predictive test for postoperative risk would be of clinical benefit with respect to increasingly scarce hospital resources. We therefore assessed the predictive power of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) measurement compared with an established scoring system.

Methods
We conducted a prospective interdisciplinary observational study at the Saarland University Medical Centre that included 859 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery between January 2010 and March 2011 with a median follow-up after discharge of 822 days. We compared a single preoperative measurement of FGF23 as a prognostic tool with the 18 parameters comprising EuroSCORE II with respect to postoperative mortality, acute kidney injury, non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia, clinical course and long-term outcome.

Results
Preoperative FGF23 levels were highly predictive of postoperative outcome and complications. The predictive value of FGF23 for mortality in the receiver operating characteristic curve was greater than the EuroSCORE II (area under the curve: 0.800 versus 0.725). Moreover, preoperative FGF23 independently predicted postoperative acute kidney injury and non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia comparably to the EuroSCORE II. Finally, FGF23 was found to be an independent predictor of clinical course parameters, including duration of surgery, ventilation time and length of stay.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, a simple preoperative FGF23 measurement is a powerful indicator of surgical mortality, postoperative complications and long-term outcome. Its utility compares to the widely used EuroSCORE II.
Small molecule inhibition of group I p21-activated kinases in breast cancer induces apoptosis and potentiates the activity of microtubule stabilizing agents
Authors: Ong Christy C , Gierke Sarah , Pitt Cameron , Sagolla Meredith , Cheng Christine K , Zhou Wei , Jubb Adrian M , Strickland Laura , Schmidt Maike , Duron Sergio G , Campbell David A , Zheng Wei , Dehdashti Seameen , Shen Min , Yang Nora , Behnke Mark L , Huang Wenwei , McKew John C , Chernoff Jonathan , Forrest William F , Haverty Peter M , Chin Suet-Feung , Rakha Emad A , Green Andrew R , Ellis Ian O , Caldas Carlos , O’Brien Thomas , Friedman Lori S , Koeppen Hartmut , Rudolph Joachim , Hoeflich Klaus P 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Breast cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide among women, is a molecularly and clinically heterogeneous disease. Extensive genetic and epigenetic profiling of breast tumors has recently revealed novel putative driver genes, including p21-activated kinase (PAK)1. PAK1 is a serine/threonine kinase downstream of small GTP-binding proteins, Rac1 and Cdc42, and is an integral component of growth factor signaling networks and cellular functions fundamental to tumorigenesis.

Methods
PAK1 dysregulation (copy number gain, mRNA and protein expression) was evaluated in two cohorts of breast cancer tissues (n = 980 and 1,108). A novel small molecule inhibitor, FRAX1036, and RNA interference were used to examine PAK1 loss of function and combination with docetaxel in vitro. Mechanism of action for the therapeutic combination, both cellular and molecular, was assessed via time-lapse microscopy and immunoblotting.

Results
We demonstrate that focal genomic amplification and overexpression of PAK1 are associated with poor clinical outcome in the luminal subtype of breast cancer (P = 1.29 × 10−4 and P = 0.015, respectively). Given the role for PAK1 in regulating cytoskeletal organization, we hypothesized that combination of PAK1 inhibition with taxane treatment could be combined to further interfere with microtubule dynamics and cell survival. Consistent with this, administration of docetaxel with either a novel small molecule inhibitor of group I PAKs, FRAX1036, or PAK1 small interfering RNA oligonucleotides dramatically altered signaling to cytoskeletal-associated proteins, such as stathmin, and induced microtubule disorganization and cellular apoptosis. Live-cell imaging revealed that the duration of mitotic arrest mediated by docetaxel was significantly reduced in the presence of FRAX1036, and this was associated with increased kinetics of apoptosis.

Conclusions
Taken together, these findings further support PAK1 as a potential target in breast cancer and suggest combination with taxanes as a viable strategy to increase anti-tumor efficacy.
Cis-regulatory somatic mutations and gene-expression alteration in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Mathelier Anthony , Lefebvre Calvin , Zhang Allen W , Arenillas David J , Ding Jiarui , Wasserman Wyeth W , Shah Sohrab P 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
With the rapid increase of whole-genome sequencing of human cancers, an important opportunity to analyze and characterize somatic mutations lying within cis-regulatory regions has emerged. A focus on protein-coding regions to identify nonsense or missense mutations disruptive to protein structure and/or function has led to important insights; however, the impact on gene expression of mutations lying within cis-regulatory regions remains under-explored. We analyzed somatic mutations from 84 matched tumor-normal whole genomes from B-cell lymphomas with accompanying gene expression measurements to elucidate the extent to which these cancers are disrupted by cis-regulatory mutations.

Results
We characterize mutations overlapping a high quality set of well-annotated transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs), covering a similar portion of the genome as protein-coding exons. Our results indicate that cis-regulatory mutations overlapping predicted TFBSs are enriched in promoter regions of genes involved in apoptosis or growth/proliferation. By integrating gene expression data with mutation data, our computational approach culminates with identification of cis-regulatory mutations most likely to participate in dysregulation of the gene expression program. The impact can be measured along with protein-coding mutations to highlight key mutations disrupting gene expression and pathways in cancer.

Conclusions
Our study yields specific genes with disrupted expression triggered by genomic mutations in either the coding or the regulatory space. It implies that mutated regulatory components of the genome contribute substantially to cancer pathways. Our analyses demonstrate that identifying genomically altered cis-regulatory elements coupled with analysis of gene expression data will augment biological interpretation of mutational landscapes of cancers.
Susceptibility of murine induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation
Authors: Brodarac Andreja , Šarić Tomo , Oberwallner Barbara , Mahmoodzadeh Shokoufeh , Neef Klaus , Albrecht Julie , Burkert Karsten , Oliverio Matteo , Nguemo Filomain , Choi Yeong-Hoon , Neiss Wolfram F , Morano Ingo , Hescheler Jürgen , Stamm Christof 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPS-CMs) may be suitable for myocardial repair. While their functional and structural properties have been extensively investigated, their response to ischemia-like conditions has not yet been clearly defined.

Methods
iPS-CMs were differentiated and enriched from murine induced pluripotent stem cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and puromycin resistance genes under the control of an α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter. iPS-CMs maturity and function were characterized by microscopy, real-time PCR, calcium transient recordings, electrophysiology, and mitochondrial function assays, and compared to those from neonatal murine cardiomyocytes. iPS-CMs as well as neonatal murine cardiomyocytes were exposed for 3 hours to hypoxia (1% O2) and glucose/serum deprivation, and viability, apoptosis markers, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular stress signaling cascades were investigated. Then, the iPS-CMs response to mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium was determined.

Results
iPS-CMs displayed key morphological and functional properties that were comparable to those of neonatal cardiomyocytes, but several parameters indicated an earlier iPS-CMs maturation stage. During hypoxia and glucose/serum deprivation, iPS-CMs exhibited a significantly higher proportion of poly-caspase-active, 7-aminoactinomycin D-positive and TUNEL-positive cells than neonatal cardiomyocytes. The average mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced in “ischemic” iPS-CMs but remained unchanged in neonatal cardiomyocytes; reactive oxygen species production was only increased in “ischemic” iPS-CMs, and oxidoreductase activity in iPS-CMs dropped more rapidly than in neonatal cardiomyocytes. In iPS-CMs, hypoxia and glucose/serum deprivation led to upregulation of Hsp70 transcripts and decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and total PKCε protein expression. Treatment with mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium preserved oxidoreductase activity and restored pSTAT3 and PKCε levels.

Conclusion
iPS-CMs appear to be particularly sensitive to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Counteracting the ischemic susceptibility of iPS-CMs with mesenchymal stromal cell-conditioned medium may help enhance their survival and efficacy in cell-based approaches for myocardial repair.
Metabolically active tumour volume segmentation from dynamic [18F]FLT PET studies in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hoyng Lieke L , Frings Virginie , Hoekstra Otto S , Kenny Laura M , Aboagye Eric O , Boellaard Ronald 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT) can be used to assess tumour proliferation. A kinetic-filtering (KF) classification algorithm has been suggested for segmentation of tumours in dynamic [18F]FLT PET data. The aim of the present study was to evaluate KF segmentation and its test-retest performance in [18F]FLT PET in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

Methods
Nine NSCLC patients underwent two 60-min dynamic [18F]FLT PET scans within 7 days prior to treatment. Dynamic scans were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) as well as with ordered subsets expectation maximisation (OSEM). Twenty-eight lesions were identified by an experienced physician. Segmentation was performed using KF applied to the dynamic data set and a source-to-background corrected 50% threshold (A50%) was applied to the sum image of the last three frames (45- to 60-min p.i.). Furthermore, several adaptations of KF were tested. Both for KF and A50% test-retest (TRT) variability of metabolically active tumour volume and standard uptake value (SUV) were evaluated.

Results
KF performed better on OSEM- than on FBP-reconstructed PET images. The original KF implementation segmented 15 out of 28 lesions, whereas A50% segmented each lesion. Adapted KF versions, however, were able to segment 26 out of 28 lesions. In the best performing adapted versions, metabolically active tumour volume and SUV TRT variability was similar to those of A50%. KF misclassified certain tumour areas as vertebrae or liver tissue, which was shown to be related to heterogeneous [18F]FLT uptake areas within the tumour.

Conclusions
For [18F]FLT PET studies in NSCLC patients, KF and A50% show comparable tumour volume segmentation performance. The KF method needs, however, a site-specific optimisation. The A50% is therefore a good alternative for tumour segmentation in NSCLC [18F]FLT PET studies in multicentre studies. Yet, it was observed that KF has the potential to subsegment lesions in high and low proliferative areas.
The relationship between glycemic control, beta2-microglobulin and inflammation in patients on maintenance dialysis treatment
Authors: Raikou Vaia D , Kyriaki Despina 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background
Hyperglycemia appears to play a significant role on the inflammatory cytokines production. Beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) is accumulated in the circulation of dialysis patients. We studied the relationship between glycemic control defined by glucose serum concentrations and insulin resistance, beta2M and markers of inflammation in patients on renal replacement therapies with or/and without diabetes mellitus.

Methods
We enrolled 96 dialyzed patients, 62 males and 34 females. The treatment modalities which were applied were : regular hemodialysis (HD, n = 34), predilution hemodiafiltration (HDF, n = 42) and peritoneal dialysis (PD, n = 20). Dialysis adequacy was defined by Kt/V for urea.Beta2M and insulin serum concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays. hsCRP and TNF-α serum concentrations were measured by ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).We examined the association of elevated serum glucose with inflammatory factors and we built a multivariable model to investigate if glucose could be a potential determinant of beta2M serum levels.

Results
Serum glucose was positively correlated with beta2M and TNF-α (r = 0.320, p = 0.002 and r = 0.215, p = 0.03 respectively).We observed significant association between the patients with higher serum glucose concentrations and the patients with greater beta2Μ concentrations (x2 = 4.44, p = 0.03). Multivariable model showed that glucose acts as a significant independent determinant of beta2M adjusting for age, gender, dialysis modality and metabolic acidosis status.

Conclusions
The elevated glucose concentrations were positively associated with both, greater beta2M serum concentrations and up-regulated inflammatory procedure in dialysis patients with or/and without diabetes mellitus.
Expanding the Scope of the Tail-to-Tail Dimerization of Vinyl Compounds Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene
Authors: Matsuoka Shin-ichi , Nakazawa Masanori , Suzuki Masato 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The tail-to-tail dimerization of vinyl compounds catalyzed by an N-heterocyclic carbene was found to show a very broad substrate scope and tolerance to various functional groups. The optimization of the dimerizations of 2-vinylpyridine and n-butyl acrylate, as low and high electrophilicity model substrates, indicates that high reaction temperatures around 150 °C are required for both substrates. In addition to methacrylates and methacrylonitrile, the applicable substrates range from an activated styrene and vinyl pyridines to highly reactive acrylonitrile, dimethyl acrylamide, and various functionalized acrylates. The alcohol additives significantly increase the catalytic turnover number to 18 for the dimerization of acrylates. Deuterium labeling experiments indicate that the alcohols promote the intermolecular proton transfers.
Creation of Mesopores in ZSM-5 Zeolite Crystals by a Novel Double-acyloxy Organosilane Surfactant
Authors: Han Jiaji , Liu Dongliang 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Pores of ca. 11 nm size were created in ZSM-5 zeolite crystals by a novel double-acyloxy amphiphilic organosilane surfactant as a mesopore-directing template. The zeolite crystals had a platelet-like morphology and sponge-like surface. The morphology of the obtained zeolites was compared with conventional zeolite synthesized by the same procedure except for the absence of the double-acyloxy organosilane surfactant.
Facile Electrodeposition of MoOx onto Gold Microwire Electrode: Application to Voltammetric Determination of As(III) under Mild Conditions
Authors: Liu Zhong-Gang , Chen Xing , Guo Zheng , Liu Jin-Huai , Huang Xing-Jiu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) was electrochemically deposited onto the surface of a Au microwire electrode in a simple manner. The MoOx-Au microwire electrode exhibited effective and sensitive determination of As(III) under mild conditions. No obvious interference from Cu(II) on the determination of As(III) was observed since the response of Cu(II) appeared at a more positive potential.
Macromolecular Helicity Induction and Memory in a Poly(biphenylylacetylene) Bearing an Ester Group and Its Application to a Chiral Stationary Phase for High-performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ishidate Ryoma , Shimomura Kouhei , Ikai Tomoyuki , Kanoh Shigeyoshi , Maeda Katsuhiro 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
An optically inactive poly(biphenylylacetylene) bearing an ester group at the 4′-position of the pendants formed a preferred-handed helical conformation and biased axial chirality in the pendants through a noncovalent interaction with a chiral alcohol, both of which were retained (memorized) even after removal of the chiral alcohol. The chiral stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography, prepared by coating the polymer with macromolecular helicity memory on silica gel, showed good chiral recognition ability towards various racemates.
The culture of general palliative nursing care in medical departments: an ethnographic study
Authors: Bergenholtz Heidi , Jarlbaek Lene , Hølge-Hazelton Bibi 
Published: April 2015

Background: In many countries, approximately half of the population dies in hospital, making general palliative nursing care (GPNC) a core nursing task. GPNC in the hospital setting is described as challenging, however little is known about its actual practice. Aim: To explore the GPNC culture in medical departments. Methods: An ethnographic study, using Spradley's 12-step method, with observational field studies and interviews with nurses from three medical departments in a Danish regional hospital. Findings: Three cultural themes emerged from the analysis, focusing on the setting, the practice and the nurses' reflections on GPNC: (1) GPNC provided in a treatment setting, (2) transition to loving care and the licence to perform palliative care (PC) and (3) potential for team improvement. Conclusions: GPNC as a culture in medical departments seemed to be embedded in a setting not suited for dying patients. Palliative care was still practised according to the transition model of care, sharply dividing curative from palliative care, and was inappropriately conducted in a fragmented and individual-based way. The term ‘loving care’ was used as a ‘gate-opener’ to provide palliative care for the dying; however, the content of this term was not defined or expressed among the health professionals. Practical and professional nursing skills are not sufficient to improve GPNC in the hospital department. Leaders on all levels need also to address the culture in which palliative care is embedded.