bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture for postherpetic neuralgia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Li Wang , Peng Weina , Zhou Jing , Liu Zhishun 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is one of the most common complications following herpes zoster. Clinical trials indicate that acupuncture could reduce pain and discomfort among patients with PHN. This protocol aims to describe how to accumulate the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for treating PHN.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will electronically search multiple databases including the Cochrane Skin Group Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Chinese Medical Current Content (CMCC) and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and will hand search a list of medical journals as a supplement. Any clinical randomised controlled trials related to acupuncture for treating PHN will be included. Outcomes will include pain intensity, global impression, quality of life, safety and costs. By screening the titles, abstracts and full texts, two reviewers will independently select studies, extract data, and assess study quality. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials will be conducted using Revman 5.1 software. The results will be presented as risk ratio for dichotomous data, and standardised or weighted mean difference for continuous data.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review does not need ethical approval because there are no data used in our study that are linked to individual patient data. Also, the findings will be disseminated through a peer-review publication or conference presentation.Trial registration numberPROSPERO registration number: CRD42014009555.
Development and validation of a new disease severity index: the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Index (IBDEX)
Authors: Alrubaiy Laith , Dodds Phedra , Hutchings Hayley Anne , Russell Ian Trevor , Watkins Alan , Williams John Gordon 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo develop, validate and apply a generic clinical severity index applicable to all adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).DesignA review of the literature and an expert focus group consultation were carried out in order to draw out relevant items from existing literature. The new index was called the IBD Index (IBDEX). Standard psychometric analysis was carried out. The construct validity was assessed against biochemical markers, clinical and endoscopic indices. The new index was completed again within 6 weeks to check responsiveness and reproducibility.ResultsIBDEX was used to assess 255 adult patients with IBD (125 with Crohn’s disease and 130 with ulcerative colitis), and 64 patients were re-evaluated within 6 weeks. It had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α=0.79) and correlated very well with the Harvey Bradshaw Index (r=0.94), the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (r=0.92), the Mayo Clinic Index (r=0.87) and the Simple Endoscopic Score (r=0.76), all with p values <0.05. IBDEX had a moderate but positive correlation with C reactive protein (r=0.51) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=0.36) p values both <0.05. The test–retest reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.97) and responsiveness ratio was 2.27.ConclusionsIBDEX is the first properly validated Clinical Disease Severity Index in IBD. Our results showed that it is valid, reliable and reproducible and has the potential to be used in clinical practice.
Diagnosis and treatment of generalised tetanus in dogs
Authors: Fawcett Anne , Irwin Peter 
Published: November 2014

Generalised tetanus in the canine patient, well described in numerous case reports, is a life‐threatening disorder. The causative organism, Clostridium tetani, produces a potent neurotoxin that causes dramatic clinical signs, including spastic paralysis.The prognosis for patients receiving treatment is good but, as recovery is prolonged, many dogs are euthanased because of estimated costs of hospitalisation. This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of generalised tetanus in the dog and the potential complications.
Thermodynamics Study of Removal of Heavy Metal by TiN-Nanotubes
Authors: Mahdavian Leila 
Published: November 2014

The ability of TiN -nanotube to remove lead ( Pb ( II )) and arsenic ( As ( III )) ions from aqueous solutions is investigated. The thermodynamics properties of Pb ( II ) and As ( III ) ions passing through TiN -nanotubes ( TiN - NTs ) is calculated in basis set (B3LYP/6-31G**) DFT-IR method by Gaussian program package. The results showed, Pb ( II ) and As ( III ) passing through had low potential in middle nanotubes, and are trapped in this place. The thermodynamic properties showed; the passing through are spontaneous and favorable because ΔGele (MJ/mol) is negative for them. The goal of this study is the detection of surface species of TiN - NTs for metal ions removal by using computer calculations. The structural and thermodynamic properties studied ions absorption on TiN - NTs at room temperature.
Identification and Diagnostic Performance of a Small RNA within the PCA3 and BMCC1 Gene Locus That Potentially Targets mRNA
Authors: Drayton Ross M. , Rehman Ishtiaq , Clarke Raymond , Zhao Zhongming , Pang Karl , Miah Saiful , Stoehr Robert , Hartmann Arndt , Blizard Sheila , Lavin Martin , Bryant Helen E. , Martens-Uzunova Elena S. , Jenster Guido , Hamdy Freddie C. , Gardiner Robert A. , Catto James W.F. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: PCA3 is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) with unknown function, upregulated in prostate cancer. LncRNAs may be processed into smaller active species. We hypothesized this for PCA3.
Methods: We computed feasible RNA hairpins within the BMCC1 gene (encompassing PCA3) and searched a prostate transcriptome for these. We measured expression using qRT-PCR in three cohorts of prostate cancer tissues (n = 60), exfoliated urinary cells (n = 484 with cancer and n = 166 controls), and in cell lines (n = 22). We used in silico predictions and RNA knockup to identify potential mRNA targets of short transcribed RNAs.
Results: We predicted 13 hairpins, of which PCA3-shRNA2 was most abundant within the prostate transcriptome. PCA3-shRNA2 is located within intron 1 of PCA3 and appears regulated by androgens. Expression of PCA3-shRNA2 was upregulated in malignant prostatic tissues, exfoliated urinary cells from men with prostate cancer (13–273 fold change; t test P &lt; 0.003), and closely correlated to PCA3 expression (r = 0.84–0.93; P &lt; 0.001). Urinary PCA3-shRNA2 (C-index, 0.75–0.81) and PCA3 (C-index, 0.78) could predict the presence of cancer in most men. PCA3-shRNA2 knockup altered the expression of predicted target mRNAs, including COPS2, SOX11, WDR48, TEAD1, and Noggin. PCA3-shRNA2 expression was negatively correlated with COPS2 in patient samples (r = −0.32; P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusion: We identified a short RNA within PCA3, whose expression is correlated to PCA3, which may target mRNAs implicated in prostate biology.
Impact: This short RNA is stable ex vivo, suggesting a role as a robust biomarker. We identify cytoplasmic enrichment of this RNA and potential targeting of mRNAs implicated in prostate carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 268–75. ©2014 AACR.
Tumor-Penetrating iRGD Peptide Inhibits Metastasis
Authors: Sugahara Kazuki N. , Braun Gary B. , de Mendoza Tatiana Hurtado , Kotamraju Venkata Ramana , French Randall P. , Lowy Andrew M. , Teesalu Tambet , Ruoslahti Erkki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Tumor-specific tissue-penetrating peptides deliver drugs into extravascular tumor tissue by increasing tumor vascular permeability through interaction with neuropilin (NRP). Here, we report that a prototypic tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD (amino acid sequence: CRGDKGPDC) potently inhibits spontaneous metastasis in mice. The antimetastatic effect was mediated by the NRP-binding RXXK peptide motif (CendR motif), and not by the integrin-binding RGD motif. iRGD inhibited migration of tumor cells and caused chemorepulsion in vitro in a CendR- and NRP-1–dependent manner. The peptide induced dramatic collapse of cellular processes and partial cell detachment, resulting in the repellent activity. These effects were prominently displayed when the cells were seeded on fibronectin, suggesting a role of CendR in functional regulation of integrins. The antimetastatic activity of iRGD may provide a significant additional benefit when this peptide is used for drug delivery to tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(1); 120–8. ©2014 AACR.
The TWEAK Receptor Fn14 Is an Src-Inducible Protein and a Positive Regulator of Src-Driven Cell Invasion
Authors: Cheng Emily , Whitsett Timothy G. , Tran Nhan L. , Winkles Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The TNF receptor superfamily member Fn14 (TNFRSF12A) is the sole signaling receptor for the proinflammatory cytokine TWEAK (TNFSF12). TWEAK:Fn14 engagement stimulates multiple signal transduction pathways, including the NF-κB pathway, and this triggers important cellular processes (e.g., growth, differentiation, migration, and invasion). The TWEAK–Fn14 axis is thought to be a major physiologic mediator of tissue repair after acute injury. Various studies have revealed that Fn14 is highly expressed in many solid tumor types, and that Fn14 signaling may play a role in tumor growth and metastasis. Previously, it was shown that Fn14 levels are frequently elevated in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors and cell lines that exhibit constitutive EGFR phosphorylation (activation). Furthermore, elevated Fn14 levels increased NSCLC cell invasion in vitro and lung metastatic tumor colonization in vivo. The present study reveals that EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells that express high levels of Fn14 exhibit constitutive activation of the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Src, and that treatment with the Src family kinase (SFK) inhibitor dasatinib decreases Fn14 gene expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. Importantly, siRNA-mediated depletion of the SFK member Src in NSCLC cells also decreases Fn14 expression. Finally, expression of the constitutively active v-Src oncoprotein in NIH 3T3 cells induces Fn14 gene expression, and NIH 3T3/v-Src cells require Fn14 expression for full invasive capacity.
Implications: These results indicate that oncogenic Src may contribute to Fn14 overexpression in solid tumors, and that Src-mediated cell invasion could potentially be inhibited with Fn14-targeted therapeutics. Mol Cancer Res; 13(3); 575–83. ©2014 AACR.
Ictal Asystole and Ictal Syncope
Authors: Bestawros Michael , Darbar Dawood , Arain Amir , Abou-Khalil Bassel , Plummer Dale , Dupont William D. , Raj Satish R. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Ictal asystole is a rare, serious, and often treatable cause of syncope. There are currently limited data to guide management. Characterization of ictal syncope predictors may aid in the selection of high-risk patients for treatments such as pacemakers.

Methods and Results—

We searched our epilepsy monitoring unit database from October 2003 to July 2013 for all patients with ictal asystole events. Clinical, electroencephalogram, and ECG data for each of their seizures were examined for their relationships with ictal syncope events. In 10 patients with ictal asystole, we observed 76 clinical seizures with 26 ictal asystole episodes, 15 of which led to syncope. No seizure with asystole duration ≤6 s led to syncope, whereas 94% (15/16) of seizures with asystole duration >6 s led to syncope (
P
=0.02). During ictal asystole events, 4 patients had left temporal seizure onset, 4 patients had right temporal seizure onset, and 2 patients had both. Syncope was more common with left temporal (40%) than with right temporal seizures (10%;
P
=0.002). Treatment options included antiepileptic drug changes, epilepsy surgery, and pacemaker implantation. Eight patients received pacemakers. During follow-up of 72±95 months, all patients remained syncope free.

Conclusions—
Ictal asystole >6 s is strongly associated with ictal syncope. Ictal syncope is more common in left than in right temporal seizures. A permanent pacemaker should be considered in patients with ictal syncope if they are not considered good candidates for epilepsy surgery.
Quantifying the Hygroscopic Growth of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosols by Satellite-Based and Buoy Observations
Authors: Luo Tao , Yuan Renmin , Wang Zhien , Zhang Damao 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this study, collocated satellite and buoy observations as well as satellite observations over an extended region during 2006–10 were used to quantify the humidity effects on marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosols. Although the near-surface aerosol size increases with increasing near-surface relative humidity (RH), the influence of RH decreases with increasing height and is mainly limited to the lower well-mixed layer. In addition, the size changes of MBL aerosols with RH are different for low and high surface wind () conditions as revealed by observations and Mie scattering calculations, which may be related to different dominant processes (i.e., the hygroscopic growth process during low wind and the evaporation process during sea salt production during high wind). These different hygroscopic processes under the different conditions, together with the MBL processes, control the behaviors of the MBL aerosol optical depth () with RH. In particular, under high conditions, the MBL stratifications effects can overwhelm the humidity effects, resulting in a weak relationship of MBL on RH. Under low conditions, the stronger hygroscopic growth can overwhelm the MBL stratification effects and enhance the MBL with increasing RH. These results are important to evaluate and to improve MBL aerosols simulations in climate models.
Tracer Stirring around a Meddy: The Formation of Layering
Authors: Meunier Thomas , Ménesguen Claire , Schopp Richard , Le Gentil Sylvie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe dynamics of the formation of layering surrounding meddy-like vortex lenses is investigated using primitive equation (PE), quasigeostrophic (QG), and tracer advection models. Recent in situ data inside a meddy confirmed the formation of highly density-compensated layers in temperature and salinity at the periphery of the vortex core. Very high-resolution PE modeling of an idealized meddy showed the formation of realistic layers even in the absence of double-diffusive processes. The strong density compensation observed in the PE model, in good agreement with in situ data, suggests that stirring might be a leading process in the generation of layering. Passive tracer experiments confirmed that the vertical variance cascade in the periphery of the vortex core is triggered by the vertical shear of the azimuthal velocity, resulting in the generation of thin layers. The time evolution of this process down to scales of O(10) m is quantified, and a simple scaling is proposed and shown to describe precisely the thinning down of the layers as a function of the initial tracer column’s horizontal width and the vertical shear of the azimuthal velocity. Nonlinear QG simulations were performed and analyzed for comparison with the work of Hua et al. A step-by-step interpretation of these results on the evolution of layering is proposed in the context of tracer stirring.
Using an ADCP to Estimate Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate in Sheltered Coastal Waters
Authors: Greene A. D. , Hendricks P. J. , Gregg M. C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTurbulent microstructure and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) data were collected near Tacoma Narrows in Puget Sound, Washington. Over 100 coincident microstructure profiles have been compared to ADCP estimates of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate (ϵ). ADCP dissipation rates were calculated using the large-eddy method with theoretically determined corrections for sensor noise on rms velocity and integral-scale calculations. This work is an extension of Ann Gargett’s approach, which used a narrowband ADCP in regions with intense turbulence and strong vertical velocities. Here, a broadband ADCP is used to measure weaker turbulence and achieve greater horizontal and vertical resolution relative to the narrowband ADCP. Estimates of ϵ from the Modular Microstructure Profiler (MMP) and broadband ADCP show good quantitative agreement over nearly three decades of dissipation rate, 3 × 10−8–10−5 m2 s−3. This technique is most readily applied when the turbulent velocity is greater than the ADCP velocity uncertainty (σ) and the ADCP cell size is within a factor of 2 of the Thorpe scale. The 600-kHz broadband ADCP used in this experiment yielded a noise floor of 3 mm s−1 for 3-m vertical bins and 2-m along-track average (≈four pings), which resulted in turbulence levels measureable with the ADCP as weak as 3 × 10−8 m2 s−3. The value and trade-off of changing the ADCP cell size, which reduces noise but also changes the ratio of the Thorpe scale to the cell size, are discussed as well.
Attention-based classification pattern, a research domain criteria framework, in youths with bipolar disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Kleinman Ana , Caetano Sheila Cavalcante , Brentani Helena , Rocca Cristiana Castanho de Almeida , dos Santos Bernardo , Andrade Enio Roberto , Zeni Cristian Patrick , Tramontina Silzá , Rohde Luis Augusto Paim , Lafer Beny 
Published: November 2014

Objective: The National Institute of Mental Health has initiated the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) project. Instead of using disorder categories as the basis for grouping individuals, the RDoC suggests finding relevant dimensions that can cut across traditional disorders. Our aim was to use the RDoC’s framework to study patterns of attention deficit based on results of Conners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT II) in youths diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), BD+ADHD and controls. Method: Eighteen healthy controls, 23 patients with ADHD, 10 with BD and 33 BD+ADHD aged 12–17 years old were assessed. Pattern recognition was used to partition subjects into clusters based simultaneously on their performance in all CPT II variables. A Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis was used to build a classiﬁer. Results: Using cluster analysis, the entire sample set was best clustered into two new groups, A and B, independently of the original diagnoses. ADHD and BD+ADHD were divided almost 50% in each subgroup, and there was an agglomeration of controls and BD in group B. Group A presented a greater impairment with higher means in all CPT II variables and lower Children’s Global Assessment Scale. We found a high cross-validated classiﬁcation accuracy for groups A and B: 95.2%. Variability of response time was the strongest CPT II measure in the discriminative pattern between groups A and B. Conclusion: Our classificatory exercise supports the concept behind new approaches, such as the RDoC framework, for child and adolescent psychiatry. Our approach was able to define clinical subgroups that could be used in future pathophysiological and treatment studies.
Should foam made with physiologic gases be the standard in sclerotherapy?
Authors: Wong M 
Published: November 2014

Objectives The aim of this paper is to look at the pros and cons of using physiologic gas to produce foam for use in sclerotherapy. With the expanding use of foam sclerotherapy, there have been increased reports of transient neurologic adverse events such as visual disturbance. Although rare, increased numbers of serious adverse events such as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and stroke have been described. These events are seen more often in patients who have migraine with aura and those with a right-to-left shunt. Methods A literature search of the databases Ovid and Google Scholar was performed for studies looking specifically at neurologic side effects associated with sclerotherapy and use of physiologic foams. Included studies were randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, review articles, observational studies and case studies. Results Although physiologic gases have been shown in several studies to reduce the incidence of visual disturbance, increasing evidence from recent studies suggest endothelin, rather than gas bubbles to be the cause of these side effects. The cause of stroke and TIA has not been proven and occlusion of cerebral arterioles from gas emboli should still be considered. Many authors state that only good quality foam be injected and volumes should be kept low in an attempt to prevent these rare, but potentially serious events. Foam made with physiologic gases are more biocompatible compared to air-based foam and have been found to be at least as effective in sclerotherapy as foam made with room air. Conclusion The use of physiologic gases should be considered for those at increased risk of neurologic side effects such as migraineurs with aura and those with a known PFO. Additionally, as there are few disadvantages to the use of physiologic foam, the use of CO2 or CO2/O2 foam should be considered in all patients receiving foam sclerotherapy.
Strengthening the Social Information–Processing Skills of Children
Authors: Wu Fan , Fraser Mark W. , Guo Shenyang , Day Steven H. , Galinsky Maeda J. 
Published: November 2014

Objective: The study had two objectives (a) to adapt for Chinese children an intervention designed to strengthen the social information–processing (SIP) skills of children in the United States, and (b) to pilot test the adapted intervention in China. Methods: Adaptation of the Making Choices program involved reviewing Chinese literature on child development, translating and back-translating a treatment manual, modifying intervention content, and engaging experts to review program materials. Children ( n = 91), ages 8–10, in five after-school child care centers in Tianjin, China, received the program. After propensity score adjustments, the skills of children who received the program were compared to the skills of children ( n = 123) recruited from neighborhood primary schools. Results: The adapted program appears to have strengthened encoding skills. Patterns for other information-processing skills were promising but mixed. Conclusion: The program has the potential to strengthen the SIP skills of children in China.