bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mixed‐Methods Study of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Certified Nurse‐Midwives: Shaken Belief in the Birth Process
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano , LoGiudice Jenna , Gable Robert K. 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionSecondary traumatic stress (STS) is an occupational hazard for clinicians who can experience symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) from exposure to their traumatized patients. The purpose of this mixed‐methods study was to determine the prevalence and severity of STS in certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) and to explore their experiences attending traumatic births.MethodsA convergent, parallel mixed‐methods design was used. The American Midwifery Certification Board sent out e‐mails to all their CNM members with a link to the SurveyMonkey study. The STS Scale was used to collect data for the quantitative strand. For the qualitative strand, participants were asked to describe their experiences of attending one or more traumatic births. IBM SPSS 21.0 (Version 21.0, Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the quantitative data, and Krippendorff content analysis was the method used to analyze the qualitative data.ResultsThe sample consisted of 473 CNMs who completed the quantitative portion and 246 (52%) who completed the qualitative portion. In this sample, 29% of the CNMs reported high to severe STS, and 36% screened positive for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnostic criteria for PTSD due to attending traumatic births. The top 3 types of traumatic births described by the CNMs were fetal demise/neonatal death, shoulder dystocia, and infant resuscitation. Content analysis revealed 6 themes: 1) protecting my patients: agonizing sense of powerlessness and helplessness; 2) wreaking havoc: trio of posttraumatic stress symptoms; 3) circling the wagons: it takes a team to provide support … or not; 4) litigation: nowhere to go to unburden our souls; (5) shaken belief in the birth process: impacting midwifery practice; and 6 moving on: where do I go from here?DiscussionThe midwifery profession should acknowledge STS as a professional risk.
The implications of Kristeva's notion of the abject in understanding the significance of therapeutic knowledge and practice in mental health nursing
Authors: McSherry T. , Loewenthal D. , Cayne J. 
Published: January 2015

Accessible summary
Mental health nursing knowledge is largely excluded in certain key clinical guideline groups despite nursing practice being so important to service users.
This exclusion may be because mental health nurses work close to what cannot be spoken of easily, or at all – the abject.
Good mental health nursing practice depends on the individual person of the mental health nurse rather than any knowledge frameworks. Education should focus on relational aspects of practice to develop this and to define the core identity of mental health nursing as a therapy.
AbstractThis paper discusses therapeutic knowledge and practice in mental health nursing through Kristeva's notion of the abject as that which is the other side of language, closely linked to the feminine space of the chora. The chora is a provisional, stable space, associated with the mother's body, where the first possibility of signification can take place. Mental health nursing is a therapeutic practice that draws on knowledge that is practical, tacit, empirical, embodied and intuitive, as well as knowledge that is regarded here as beyond the tacit; the latter indicating an encounter with the abject. Mental health nursing as a practice potentially places an extraordinary ethical onus on the individual nurse in his/her relations with patients and indicates that it is the person of the nurse who is therapeutic rather than any knowledge framework, with major implications for education and professional identity. The presence of mental health nursing practice at the heart of the mental health care system, while effectively being ignored as a treatment by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, embodies a critique of the currently dominant evidence‐based paradigm.
Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening: Does Rurality Play a Role?
Authors: Ojinnaka Chinedum O. , Choi Yong , Kum Hye‐Chung , Bolin Jane N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the associations between sociodemographic factors such as residence, health care access, and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among residents of Texas.MethodsUsing the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, we performed logistic regression analyses to determine predictors of CRC screening among Texas residents, including rural versus urban differences. Our outcomes of interest were previous (1) CRC screening using any CRC test, (2) fecal occult blood test (FOBT), or (3) endoscopy, as well as up‐to‐date screening using (4) any CRC test, (5) FOBT, or (6) endoscopy. The independent variable of interest was rural versus urban residence; we controlled for other sociodemographic and health care access variables such as lack of health insurance.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that individuals who were residents of a rural/non‐Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) location (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.51‐0.97) or a suburban county (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39‐0.95) were less likely to report ever having any CRC screening compared to residents of a center city of an MSA. Residents of a rural/non‐MSA location were less likely (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.28‐0.87) than residents of a center city of an MSA to be up‐to‐date using FOBT. There was decreased likelihood of ever being screened for CRC among the uninsured (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.31‐0.59).ConclusionsEffective development and implementation of strategies to improve screening rates should aim at improving access to health care, taking into account demographic characteristics such as rural versus urban residence.
The weight of fossil leporids and ochotonids: body mass estimation models for the order Lagomorpha
Authors: Moncunill‐Solé B. , Quintana J. , Jordana X. , Engelbrektsson P. , Köhler M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLagomorphs are widespread around the world, but little is known about the biology and ecology of their fossil ancestors. In this case, knowing the body mass of these extinct species is of principal interest because it is correlated with physiological, morphological and life history attributes. Moreover, insular fossil rabbits, hares and pikas, which became spectacular giants with huge weights and dramatic shifts in their life histories, encourage curiosity in the research world. Our principal aim is to create allometric models between skeletal parameters and body weights with extant species of the order Lagomorpha (both ochotonids and leporids). These regressions can then be applied to the fossil register to estimate the body mass of the extinct lagomorphs. The models are satisfactory in all cases, although weaker relationships were obtained when we analyzed dental parameters. Multiple models have slightly better results than bivariate ones, but their use is limited to complete bones or skeletons. These body mass estimation models were tested in three different fossil lagomorphs: Prolagus apricenicus, Prolagus cf. calpensis and Nuralagus rex. In all three cases, the results from dental variables were discarded due to the fact that these species may not follow the allometric relationship between teeth and body mass of standard lagomorphs. Other variables, such as the proximal anteroposterior diameter of the humerus in N. rex, were also removed for their implications in fossorial lifestyle. We ultimately estimated a weight of around 600 g for P. apricenicus, 300 g for P. cf. calpensis and 8000 g for N. rex. Differences in extrinsic mortality explain the important differences in body masses between the two Prolagus species. The results of N. rex cannot be compared with the giant Prolagus due to phylogenetic differences.
Covariation of trophic and habitat‐related traits in chondrostoms (Cyprinidae): implications for repeated and diversifying evolutionary processes
Authors: Corse E. , Tarkan A. S. , Emiroğlu Ö. , Imsiridou A. , Minos G. , Lorenzoni M. , Vilizzi L. , Aboim M. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe tenet that ecological adaptation can lead to recurrent ecomorphological trends resulting from repetitive processes has long been a primary topic of investigation in evolutionary ecology. To explore this aspect further, this study provides an analysis of the morphological diversity in chondrostoms (Cyprinidae). This freshwater fish group shows a tendency towards bottom‐feeding specialization, which has led to evolutionary innovations in body and mouth shape traits, which are currently used for the classification of genera. Body, lower lip (LL) and corner ray shape were analysed for nine species in total. Allometric relationships among the three morphometric traits were considered to be responsible for LL shape variability and there was significant covariation between LL and body shape, which reflected habitat use. Smaller and opportunistic‐feeding species inhabiting stream or small‐sized rivers were characterized by a deeper body (increased feeding maneuverability), an arched LL and a terminal mouth position. Conversely, larger and diet‐specialized species were characterized by a fusiform body (increased swimming performance), a straight LL and an inframouth position on an elongated snout (optimized bottom feeding). The results suggest that interspecific mouth shape variability may have originated from two types of ‘deformation’ processes, both leading to a straight mouth shape and acting either jointly or independently. Also, given the plesiomorphic state of several of the species under study, the specialization towards a benthic lifestyle in chondrostoms from different phylogenetic lineages is thought to have occurred repeatedly to overcome a number of functional constraints, including foraging efficiency and swimming performance.
Responding to the call: arts methodologies informing 21st century literacies
Authors: Huber Adrienne , Dinham Judith , Chalk Beryl 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWith the advent of digital technologies, a new adventure began. How the world works has changed, and we cannot go back. Digitally savvy children born in the digital age (i.e., DigiKids) are interacting with and responding to rich, curatable multimodal communications as part of their daily‐lived experience. For DigiKids, traditional text‐based literacy is of diminishing significance as they exercise a wide range of new literacy practices and capacities. Having more the mindset of the artist, they engage in the world of expression and communication, weaving together linguistic, visual, aural, gestural and spatial features to form coherent compositions. Nevertheless, national curriculæ reformers, teachers and parents generally fear neglecting traditional text‐based literacy skills and consequently struggle to optimise DigiKids' digitally savvy literacy practices and capacities. However, practices employed in arts methodologies (e.g. ceramics, theatre, and music) offer a key resource to conceptualise new practices beyond traditional text‐based literacy, and to situate our new post‐literacy (i.e. epiliteracy) theory. To navigate the transition from traditional text‐based literacy to epiliteracy, the metaphor of the archetypal Hero/Heroine's Journey is used to describe, chart and comprehend the tensions, trials and transformations as we respond to the call of epiliteracy in the 21st century.
Multi‐channel wireless mapping of gastrointestinal serosal slow wave propagation
Authors: Paskaranandavadivel N. , Wang R. , Sathar S. , O'Grady G. , Cheng L. K. , Farajidavar A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution (HR) extracellular mapping allows accurate profiling of normal and dysrhythmic slow wave patterns. A current limitation is that cables traverse the abdominal wall or a natural orifice, risking discomfort, dislodgement or infection. Wireless approaches offer advantages, but a multi‐channel system is required, capable of recording slow waves and mapping propagation with high fidelity.MethodsA novel multi‐channel (n = 7) wireless mapping system was developed and compared to a wired commercial system. Slow wave signals were recorded from the porcine gastric and intestinal serosa in vivo. Signals were simultaneously acquired using both systems, and were filtered and processed to map activation wavefronts. For validation, the frequency and amplitude of detected events were compared, together with the speed and direction of mapped wavefronts.Key ResultsThe wireless device achieved comparable signal quality to the reference device, and slow wave frequencies were identical. Amplitudes of the acquired gastric and intestinal slow wave signals were consistent between the devices. During normal propagation, spatiotemporal mapping remained accurate in the wireless system, however, during ectopic dysrhythmic pacemaking, the lower sampling resolution of the wireless device led to reduced accuracy in spatiotemporal mapping.Conclusions & InferencesA novel multichannel wireless device is presented for mapping slow wave activity. The device achieved high quality signals, and has the potential to facilitate chronic monitoring studies and clinical translation of spatiotemporal mapping. The current implementation may be applied to detect normal patterns and dysrhythmia onset, but HR mapping with finely spaced arrays currently remains necessary to accurately define dysrhythmic patterns.
TRIB3 mediates the expression of Wnt5a and activation of nuclear factor‐κB in Porphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide‐treated osteoblasts
Authors: Yu Y. , Qiu L. , Guo J. , Yang D. , Qu L. , Yu J. , Zhan F. , Xue M. , Zhong M. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryPorphyromonas endodontalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered to be correlated with the progression of bone resorption in periodontal and periapical diseases. Wnt5a has recently been implicated in inflammatory processes, but its role is unclear as a P. endodontalisLPS‐induced mediator in osteoblasts. Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) encodes a pseudokinase and has been linked to inflammation in certain situations. Here, we found that P. endodontalisLPS induced Wnt5a expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and it also upregulated translocation, phosphorylation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Bay 11‐7082 blocked the translocation of NF‐κB and Wnt5a expression induced by P. endodontalisLPS. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay further established that induction of Wnt5a by P. endodontalisLPS was mediated through the NF‐κB p65 subunit. Additionally, P. endodontalisLPS increased expression of TRIB3 in osteoblasts after 10 h simulated time. Overexpression of TRIB3 enhanced NF‐κB phosphorylation and Wnt5a induction, whereas knockdown of TRIB3 inhibited NF‐κB phosphorylation and Wnt5a expression in P. endodontalisLPS‐stimulated osteoblasts. These results suggest that P. endodontalisLPS has the ability to promote the expression of Wnt5a in mouse osteoblasts, and this induction is mainly mediated by NF‐κB pathway. TRIB3 seems to modulate the sustained expression of Wnt5a in osteoblasts stimulated by P. endodontalisLPS, as well as regulating NF‐κB phosphorylation.
Grading acute graft‐versus‐host disease: Time to reconsider
Authors: Goyal Rakesh K. , Goyal Manu , Sankaranarayan Kumar 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAcute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a common and serious complication of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation. Acute GVHD is commonly graded according to modified Glucksberg criteria. There is considerable within‐grade heterogeneity with different patterns of skin, liver, or gut involvement. In this commentary, we provide an analytical review of ambiguities in acute GVHD severity scoring and offer specific proposals meant to generate discussion in the BMT community for adoption, refinement, and where appropriate, validation studies.
Effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis on malaria occurrence in HIV‐infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Kasirye R. , Baisley K. , Munderi P. , Grosskurth H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence on the effect of cotrimoxazole (CTX) on malaria in HIV‐positive individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsWeb of Science, PubMed and MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health and Cochrane Library databases were searched using terms for malaria, HIV and CTX. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and assessed for bias and confounding.ResultsSix studies (in Uganda, Kenya, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe) had relevant data on the effect of CTX on malaria in patients on ART: four were observational cohort studies (OCS) and two were randomised controlled trials (RCTs); two were in children and one in women only. Samples sizes ranged from 265 to 2200 patients. Four studies compared patients on ART and CTX with patients on ART alone; 2 (RCTs) found a significant increase in smear‐positive malaria on ART alone: (IRR 32.5 CI = 8.6–275.0 and HR 2.2 CI = 1.5–3.3) and 2 (OCS) reported fewer parasitaemia episodes on CTX and ART (OR 0.85 CI = 0.65–1.11 and 3.6% vs. 2.4% of samples P = 0.14). One OCS found a 76% (95% CI = 63–84%) vs. 83% (95% CI = 74–89%) reduction in malaria incidence in children on CTX and ART vs. on CTX only, when both were compared with HIV‐negative children. The other reported a 64% reduction in malaria incidence after adding ART to CTX (RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18–0.74). The 2 RCTs were unblinded. Only one study reported adherence to CTX and ART, and only two controlled for baseline CD4 count.ConclusionFew studies have investigated the effect of CTX on malaria in patients on ART. Their findings suggest that CTX is protective against malaria even among patients on ART.
Quantification of plant surface metabolites by matrix‐assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry imaging: glucosinolates onArabidopsis thalianaleaves
Authors: Shroff Rohit , Schramm Katharina , Jeschke Verena , Nemes Peter , Vertes Akos , Gershenzon Jonathan , Svatoš Aleš 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe localization of metabolites on plant surfaces has been problematic because of the limitations of current methodologies. Attempts to localize glucosinolates, the sulfur‐rich defense compounds of the orderBrassicales, on leaf surfaces have given many contradictory results depending on the method employed. Here we developed a matrix‐assisted laser desorption–ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry protocol to detect surface glucosinolates onArabidopsis thalianaleaves by applying theMALDImatrix through sublimation. Quantification was accomplished by spotting glucosinolate standards directly on the leaf surface. TheA. thalianaleaf surface was found to contain approximately 15 nmol of total glucosinolate per leaf with about 50 pmol mm−2on abaxial (bottom) surfaces and 15–30 times less on adaxial (top) surfaces. Of the major compounds detected, 4‐methylsulfinylbutylglucosinolate, indol‐3‐ylmethylglucosinolate, and 8‐methylsulfinyloctylglucosinolate were also major components of the leaf interior, but the second most abundant glucosinolate on the surface, 4‐methylthiobutylglucosinolate, was only a trace component of the interior. Distribution on the surface was relatively uniform in contrast to the interior, where glucosinolates were distributed more abundantly in the midrib and periphery than the rest of the leaf. These results were confirmed by two other mass spectrometry‐based techniques, laser ablation electrospray ionization and liquid extraction surface analysis. The concentrations of glucosinolates onA. thalianaleaf surfaces were found to be sufficient to attract the specialist feeding lepidopteransPlutella xylostellaandPieris rapaefor oviposition. The methods employed here should be easily applied to other plant species and metabolites.
Lack of fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate compromises photosynthesis and growth in Arabidopsis in fluctuating environments
Authors: McCormick Alistair J. , Kruger Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe balance between carbon assimilation, storage and utilisation during photosynthesis is dependent on partitioning of photoassimilate between starch and sucrose, and varies in response to changes in the environment. However, the extent to which the capacity to modulate carbon partitioning rapidly through short‐term allosteric regulation may contribute to plant performance is unknown. Here we examine the physiological role of fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate (Fru‐2,6‐P2) during photosynthesis, growth and reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). In leaves this signal metabolite contributes to coordination of carbon assimilation and partitioning during photosynthesis by allosterically modulating the activity of cytosolic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase. Three independent T‐DNA insertional mutant lines deficient in 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase (F2KP), the bifunctional enzyme responsible for both the synthesis and degradation of Fru‐2,6‐P2, lack Fru‐2,6‐P2. These plants have normal steady‐state rates of photosynthesis, but exhibit increased partitioning of photoassimilate into sucrose and have delayed photosynthetic induction kinetics. The F2KP‐deficient plants grow normally in constant environments, but show reduced growth and seed yields relative to wildtype plants in fluctuating light and/or temperature. We conclude that Fru‐2,6‐P2 is required for optimum regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism under variable growth conditions. These analyses suggest that the capacity of Fru‐2,6‐P2 to modulate partitioning of photoassimilate is an important determinant of growth and fitness in natural environments.
Controversies in the use of fresh frozen plasma in critically ill small animal patients
Authors: Beer Kari Santoro , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature supporting or discouraging the use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion in critically ill patients.Data SourcesHuman and animal publications were searched using PubMed without time limits and the following keywords were used: “fresh frozen plasma,” “coagulopathy,” “hypocoagulable state,” “hypercoagulable states,” and “critical illness.”Human Data SynthesisThe commonly used tests of coagulation (eg, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio) are poorly predictive of clinical bleeding. FFP use in critically ill patients is unlikely to result in improved outcomes and may be associated with increased risks.Veterinary Data SynthesisThere is insufficient evidence to make definitive conclusions regarding the use of FFP in critically ill animals, but clinical studies are underway that may provide further data that clarify the optimal use of FFP in animals.ConclusionsThe use of FFP in critically ill patients remains controversial. In the absence of clinical bleeding or a risk for clinical bleeding associated with a planned procedure, treatment use of FFP is not recommended in human patients. There are insufficient data in critically ill animals to enable formulation of recommendations. Further research is warranted in dogs and cats to establish evidence‐based guidelines.