bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interacting Models of Animals, Trees and Networks
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChapter 11 provides an overview of the pattern theorem for lattice animals. The cycle and contact models of collapsing lattice animals are reviewed. Adsorbing lattice trees and the adsorption transition of percolation clusters are discussed. This chapter also provides information on the embeddings of abstract graphs and networks in the hypercubic lattice. The pattern theorem for networks is examined, as are knotted embeddings of networks. The chapter also covers the adsorption transitions in networks.
Monte Carlo Methods for The Self-Avoiding Walk
Authors: Van Rensburg E.J. Janse 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChapter 13 reviews dynamic Monte Carlo algorithms and the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. Umbrella sampling and multiple Markov chain implementations of dynamic Monte Carlo algorithms are discussed, and an analysis of variance of data in Monte Carlo algorithms is provided. The Beretti-Sokal algorithm, the BFACF algorithm and the pivot algorithm are described, as well as kinetic sampling and the Rosenbluth algorithm. The scanning method implementation of the Rosenbluth algorithm is also reviewed, as are the PERM algorithm and flat histogram simulations are also covered. Finally, implementations of the GARM and GAS algorithms for walks are discussed.
Introduction
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Relativity can be stated as a “symmetry in physics”—physics equations being unchanged under some transformation. Special relativity is the symmetry with respect to transformations among inertial coordinate frames, and general relativity symmetry among more general frames, including accelerating systems. Physics equations in tensor form are automatically relativistic. Newtonian mechanics is covariant under Galilean transformation among inertial frames; Maxwell’s equations are not. The apparent contradiction between Galilean relativity and constant light speed suggested to nineteenth-century physicists that the solution to this problem is the existence of an ether medium for light propagation. Einstein’s solution involved a new conception of time. This new kinematics led to a completely new interpretation of the Lorentz transformation. The equivalence principle (between the physics due to acceleration and to gravity) played an important role in Einstein’s exploration of the path from special to general relativity, which is a geometric mechanics of gravitation.
Special Relativity: The New Kinematics
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Special relativity is based on the principles of relativity and constancy of the speed of light. The apparent contradiction between these two postulates was resolved by Einstein with his realization that simultaneity, hence the measurement of time, is coordinate-dependent. This new kinematics immediately leads to the derivation of the Lorentz transformation. Physical consequences follow immediately. A moving clock appears to run slow (“time dilation”); a moving object appears to contract (“length contraction”). The electromagnetic fields also transform into each other when observed in different frames. Just as light speed is absolute in relativity c′=c, so is a particular combination of space and time in an invariant interval: s′=s, where s2≡x2+y2+z2−c2t2. Two counterintuitive puzzles (the twin paradox and the barn-and-pole paradox) are presented to shed light on time dilation, length contraction, reciprocity of relativity, and relativity of event order.
General Relativity as a Geometric Theory of Gravity
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The mathematics of a curved manifold is Riemannian geometry. This chapter first presents some basic elements of Gaussian coordinates and the metric tensor. From the requirement that a curve have the shortest length, the calculus of variations is used to deduce the geodesic equation. A geometric description of the equivalence-principle-based physics of gravitational time dilation is presented. Einstein’s motivation for considering curved spacetime as a gravitational field is then discussed. In this geometric theory, the metric plays the role of the relativistic gravitational potential. The interpretation of curved spacetime as a gravitational field naturally suggests that the geodesic equation in spacetime is the general relativity equation of motion, which reduces to the Newtonian equation of motion in the limit of a nonrelativistic moving particle in a static and weak gravitational field. The gravitational redshift effect is shown to follow directly from a curved spacetime (with curvature in the time direction).
Big Bang Thermal Relics
Authors: Cheng Ta-Pei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The universe began hot and dense (the big bang), and then expanded and cooled. (The different thermal stages are summarized in a chronological table in this chapter.) Such a cosmic history leaves behind decoupled particles as its thermal relics: light nuclei, cosmic neutrinos, and photons. The observed abundance of the light-nuclear elements (helium, deuterium, etc.) matches well with their being the product of big bang nucleosynthesis about 100 seconds after the big bang. When the universe was about four hundred thousand years old, photons decoupled, and they remain today as the primordial light, having a blackbody spectrum with temperature 2.725 K. The anisotropy of this cosmic microwave background contains much information about the geometry and matter/energy content of the universe, as well as the initial density perturbations out of which grew the cosmic structures we see today.
Therapy Online: A Web-Based Video Support Group for Family Caregivers of Survivors With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Damianakis Thecla , Tough Alicia , Marziali Elsa , Dawson Deirdre R. 
Published: August 2015

Objective:
This innovative descriptive study explores the benefits of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) caregiver support group intervention provided using videoconferencing within a password protected Web-based platform.

Methods:
Ten caregivers of family members with TBI were registered to a password-protected Web site (Caring for Others) that provided information about caring for a person with TBI and access to a videoconferencing support group intervention program. Where needed, caregivers were provided with computer equipment, Internet access, and training to negotiate the Web site links. Two groups of 5 caregivers of survivors of TBI participated (average age of survivor—20 years, average time since injury—4.6 years) and met online with a trained clinician weekly for 10 sessions. Using directed content analysis, transcripts of each session were coded with NVivo software.

Results:
The content analysis reported group process themes, therapeutic interventions used, caregiver outcomes, and the challenges for clinicians delivering a therapeutic intervention online.

Conclusions:
Traumatic brain injury caregivers shared similar concerns and problem-solving strategies for managing caregiving tasks. Overall, participants found the sessions helpful for managing the emotional impact of caring for a family member with TBI.
The Community Balance and Mobility Scale: A Pilot Study Detecting Impairments in Military Service Members With Comorbid Mild TBI and Psychological Health Conditions
Authors: Pape Marcy M. , Williams Kathy , Kodosky Paula N. , Dretsch Michael 
Published: August 2015

Objective:
To compare the capacity of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M) to identify balance and mobility deficits in Service Members (SMs) with mild traumatic brain injury and comorbid psychological health conditions (mTBI/PH) to other commonly used balance assessments.

Setting:
A clinical research institute that provides a 4-week, outpatient, interdisciplinary program for active-duty SMs with mTBI/PH.

Design:
A nonrandomized, cross-sectional design that compared multiple measures between 2 groups—active duty SMs with (n = 8) and without (n = 8) the dual diagnosis of mTBI/PH.

Main Measures:
Gait speed, Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), and CB&M to assess functional balance among the community-dwelling, TBI population.

Results:
Across all measures, the mTBI/PH group performed significantly worse (P ≤ .01) with the exception of the FGA. The abilities of all objective measures to distinguish participants with mTBI/PH from healthy controls ranged from fair to excellent (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.66-0.94). However, the CB&M showed the largest group differences in effect size (d = 2.6) and had the highest discriminate ability (AUC = 0.98; sensitivity 100%; specificity 88%).

Conclusion:
The CB&M appears to have higher sensitivity and specificity than other measures of balance in SMs with mTBI/PH. A higher cut score for the CB&M is needed for this population.
Small RNA Derived from the Virulence Modulating Region of the Potato spindle tuber viroid Silences callose synthase Genes of Tomato Plants
Authors: Adkar-Purushothama Charith Raj , Brosseau Chantal , Giguère Tamara , Sano Teruo , Moffett Peter , Perreault Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) callose synthase genes CalS11-like and CalS12-like encode proteins that are essential for the formation of callose, a major component of pollen mother cell walls; these enzymes also function in callose formation during pathogen infection. This article describes the targeting of these callose synthase mRNAs by a small RNA derived from the virulence modulating region of two Potato spindle tuber viroid variants. More specifically, viroid infection of tomato plants resulted in the suppression of the target mRNAs up to 1.5-fold, depending on the viroid variant used and the gene targeted. The targeting of these mRNAs by RNA silencing was validated by artificial microRNA experiments in a transient expression system and by RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Viroid mutants incapable of targeting callose synthase mRNAs failed to induce typical infection phenotypes, whereas a chimeric viroid obtained by swapping the virulence modulating regions of a mild and a severe variant of Potato spindle tuber viroid greatly affected the accumulation of viroids and the severity of disease symptoms. These data provide evidence of the silencing of multiple genes by a single small RNA derived from a viroid.
The past as more than prologue: a call for historical research
Authors: Horsford Sonya Douglass , D'Amico Diana 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to argue that historical research methods offer an innovative and powerful way to examine, frame, explain, and disrupt the study of contemporary issues in educational leadership. More specifically, the authors examine how historical methodology might recast some of the questions educational leadership researchers presently engage and how the act of “doing history” might simultaneously lead to new research agendas and social change.Design/methodology/approach– This conceptual paper provides a discussion of the explanatory and disruptive power of historical research methods and how intentional ignorance of uncomfortable historical realities, such as racist institutional structures and practices, undermines present-day efforts to advance equity in schools. Using the mainstream achievement gap narrative as an example, the authors consider the ways in which historical scholarship can effectively disrupt current conceptions of educational inequality and opportunity in the USA.Findings– The paper suggests researchers close the “history gap” by engaging historical research methods in ways that better ground, contextualize, and disrupt the often ahistorical and uncritical ways the field frames present-day challenges like the achievement gap.Originality/value– This paper explores the explanatory and disruptive power of historical research as a mode of inquiry in education leadership.
The challenges to and the need for international research in educational leadership
Authors: Brooks Melanie Carol , Jean-Marie Gaetane 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is twofold: to discuss methodological challenges facing US scholars when conducting international research; and to present personal reflections as educational leadership faculty in the USA conducting and publishing on research undertaken in Haiti and Thailand.Design/methodology/approach– This study drew from educational leadership literature and personal experiences to identify methodological challenges to conducting and publishing international research in the field of educational leadership.Findings– The methodological challenges facing international research – language, data, publication, and career incentives – should not be reasons to hinder scholars from conducting research in international contexts. Allowing methodological deterrents to impede international research limits US scholar engagement in global conversations and places the field of educational leadership in the USA at risk of a parochial and myopic future.Originality/value– This paper explores the methodological reasons as to why US scholars are not engaging in international research and provides two vignettes of faculty research in international contexts. This discussion is valuable for faculty interested in or presently conducting research beyond US borders.
Explicating metatheory for mixed methods research in educational leadership
Authors: Whiteman Rodney S 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Mixed methods research can provide a fruitful line of inquiry for educational leadership, program evaluation, and policy analysis; however, mixed methods research requires a metatheory that allows for mixing what have traditionally been considered incompatible qualitative and quantitative inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to apply Jürgen Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action as that metatheoretical justification.

Design/methodology/approach
– After reviewing the traditional quantitative/qualitative divide based on incompatible ontologies, the author argues for a pragmatist stance toward educational leadership inquiry. Such a stance allows for mixing methods because it privileges methodology and epistemology in social inquiry, rather than ontological theories of reality. Using Habermas’s metatheory, the author shows how truth claims are linguistically mediated; how they make reference to objective, subjective, and normative formal worlds; and how they are always fallible and revisable.

Findings
– The author argues that Habermas’s metatheory allows (and requires) integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches to fully understand social phenomena. Such integration is possible if researchers attempt to make methodological decisions explicit by linking methodology (and thus methodical decisions) to all three formal worlds, and articulating the rationale for doing so. The author also argues that making the entire corpus of claims bound within a line of social inquiry subject to critical examination promotes the validity of inquiry.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to the discussion on mixed methods research by applying a particular strand of pragmatism. This is an advance in the extant literature, which argues for a pragmatist stance on mixed methods research, but has not yet conceptualized a metatheoretical position supporting this stance.
Dynamics in a distribution triad – a case study
Authors: Pardo Catherine , Michel Sophie 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to deal with business-to-business distribution, with a strong focus on the relationships developed by a distributor with its customers and its producers.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on an in-depth analysis of a wholesaler specialized in fresh fruit and vegetable distribution. Data were gathered on the basis of 18 in-depth interviews. An additional important work of second-order data analysis was also conducted (sector analyses; statistics; companies’ Web sites).

Findings
– This paper qualifies the different stages a wholesaler goes through in the relationships with its suppliers on the one side and its customers on the other. This work also identifies the nature of the impact of one type of relationship (wholesalers/producers) on the other (wholesalers/customers).

Research limitations/implications
–

Practical implications
The findings allow distribution firms to view distribution channels as places where they can have some latitude to find new positions other than the ones imposed by producers.

Originality/value
– This research uses different concepts connected with triadic settings (dynamics, triggers and interconnectedness) and integrates them to provide a new perspective on how a business-to-business distributor can take a position in a distribution channel.
Ethical climate and job satisfaction among organizational buyers: an empirical study
Authors: Anaza Nwamaka A. , Rutherford Brian , Rollins Minna , Nickell David 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between ethical climate and facets of job satisfaction among organizational buyers.Design/methodology/approach– This research is an empirical study. Data are collected from the industrial buyers using online panel. The INDSALES scale, the scale developed to measure job satisfaction of boundary spanners, was used to measure the job satisfaction. Partial least squares, a components-based structural equation modeling approach, was employed to conduct data analysis.Findings– The key finding was that buyer’s organizational policy mediates the relationship between buyers’ perception of ethical climate and buyers’ satisfaction with pay and promotion as well as satisfaction with coworkers and supervisors. The findings also show that work satisfaction can be achieved at different levels based on particular components associated to the work environment.Practical implications– The role of ethical climate in this study offers insights into managers who constantly observe lower levels of job satisfaction among their buying team. Given that companies specify rules and regulations as a way to standardize employee behaviors and prevent unethical practices, managers must ensure that such codes specifically address issue pertaining to compensation, supervision and promotion.Originality/value– Most of the previous studies in the business-to-business boundary spanning literature address ethical climate primarily from the salesperson’s perspective. Ethical issues relating to organizational buyers in business-to-business setting has largely gone underexplored. This research is one of the few studies that focus on industrial buyers and ethical issues.
Relational development of a service concept: dialogue meets efficiency
Authors: Ylimäki Juho , Vesalainen Jukka 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to build a generic model for relational development of a value proposition for a service concept. The study seeks to answer two questions: First, what kind of process is practical for joint development of a service concept in customer–service provider collaboration? Second, what are the functional principles for such collaboration?

Design/methodology/approach
– A participative, design science approach was used to develop the model for a joint-development process. Researchers developed and analyzed joint activities between a provider of industrial maintenance service solutions and its customer during the process of co-developing a service concept for factory maintenance.

Findings
– The study suggests that a co-development process has to integrate service blueprinting, a stage-gate philosophy, dialogical interaction principles and elements of joint learning to meet the requirement for both efficiency and relationality.

Research limitations/implications
– The study develops a generic model for collaborative development of value propositions that integrates the aforementioned elements of separate streams of research. Applying the developed model to different contexts would further verify and enhance it.

Practical implications
– The model can be applied to the development of a value proposition in different collaborative development situations to enhance interplay between efficiency and relationality.

Originality/value
– The study illustrates a generic model for joint service concept development and proposes a solution balancing contradictory requirements in such a collaboration.
Coupling and quantifying resilience and sustainability in facilities management
Authors: Cox Rimante Andrasiunaite , Nielsen Susanne Balslev , Rode Carsten 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider how to couple and quantify resilience and sustainability, where sustainability refers to not only environmental impact, but also economic and social impacts. The way a particular function of a building is provisioned may have significant repercussions beyond just resilience. The goal is to develop a decision support tool for facilities managers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A risk framework is used to quantify both resilience and sustainability in monetary terms. The risk framework allows to couple resilience and sustainability, so that the provisioning of a particular building can be investigated with consideration of functional, environmental, economic and, possibly, social dimensions.

Findings
– The method of coupling and quantifying resilience and sustainability (CQRS) is illustrated with a simple example that highlights how very different conclusions can be drawn when considering only resilience or resilience and sustainability.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is based on a hypothetical example. The example also illustrates the difficulty in deriving the costs and probabilities associated with particular indicators.

Practical implications
– The method is generic, allowing the method to be customized for different user communities. Further research is needed to translate this theoretical framework to a practical tool for practitioners and to evaluate the CQRS method in practice.

Originality/value
– The intention of this research is to fill the gap between the need for increasing sustainability and resilience of the built environment and the current practices in property maintenance and operation.
Assessment of facility management practices in public and private buildings in Akure and Ibadan cities, south-western Nigeria
Authors: Ogungbile Adedayo Johnson , Oke Ayodeji Emmanuel 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to assess the facility management (FM) practices in public and private buildings, and compare the practices in both the buildings. This paper critically analysed the current FM practices and explored the range of contributions that the facility manager could offer in both public and private buildings.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study of 19 public and 20 private buildings in Ibadan and Akure cities was carried out in this paper.

Findings
– The paper revealed that the state of FM awareness is higher in private buildings than in public buildings and that FM practices in the two types of buildings are significantly related, but the extent of usage of FM methods are significantly different in the buildings. It was also observed in the research that corrective and responsive FM practices are the order of the day in both public and private buildings.

Practical implications
– The paper acknowledged that the involvement of the facility manager with the integrated design team if implemented efficiently will contribute in reducing the need for major repairs and alterations in the lifespan of the facility and that the practices of preventive, planned and immediate responsive approaches would better the life of buildings.

Social implications
– The paper recommended that stricter action should be taken to mitigate against the poor handling and misuse of buildings by users, as it affects negatively the success story of FM in the country.

Originality/value
– This paper reached out to address the lack of proper FM in the country.