bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Produce Ni–Cr Ferroalloy Used for Stainless Steel Production
Authors: Chen Pei-Xian , Chu Shao-Jun , Zhang Guo-Hua 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A new electrosilicothermic method has been proposed in the present paper to produce Ni–Cr ferroalloy, which can be used for the production of 300 series stainless steel. Based on this new process, the Ni–Si ferroalloy is first produced as the intermediate alloy, and then the desiliconization process of Ni–Si ferroalloy melt with chromium concentrate is carried out to generate Ni–Cr ferroalloy. The silicon content in the Ni–Si ferroalloy produced in the submerged arc furnace should be more than 15 mass% (for the propose of reducing dephosphorization), in order to make sure the phosphorus content in the subsequently produced Ni–Cr ferroalloy is less than 0.03 mass%. A high utilization ratio of Si and a high recovery ratio of Cr can be obtained after the desiliconization reaction between Ni–Si ferroalloy and chromium concentrate in the electric arc furnace (EAF)–shaking ladle (SL) process.
Effects of interval training-based glycolytic capacity on physical fitness in recreational long-distance runners
Authors: Zatoń Marek , Michalik Kamil 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of 8-week-long interval training (targeting glycolytic capacity) on selected markers of physical fitness in amateur long-distance runners.MethodsThe study involved 17 amateur long-distance runners randomly divided into an experimental (<i>n</i> = 8) and control (<i>n</i> = 9) group. The control group performed three or four continuous training sessions per week whereas the experimental group performed two interval running training sessions and one continuous running training session. A graded treadmill exercise test and the 12-min Cooper test were performed pre- and post-training.ResultsVO<sub>2</sub>max and the rate of recovery increased in the experimental group. Relative oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, and heart rate speed decreased in low- (6 km/h) and medium-intensity (12 km/h) running.ConclusionsBoth training modalities showed similar results. However, the significant differences in training volume (4–8 min interval training vs. 40–150 min continuous training) indicates that the modalities targeting glycolytic capacity may be more efficient for amateur runners prepare for long-distance events.
Anticipation in soccer: a systematic review
Authors: Gonçalves Eder , Gonzaga Adeilton Dos Santos , Cardoso Felippe da Silva Leite , Teoldo Israel 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe present study aimed to examine the current methods employed to assess anticipation in soccer players as well as to elicit the main findings of recent studies.MethodsThe study was carried out in systematic review form and its sample comprised nine scientific papers published in academic journals. Only the studies involving soccer players (professionals and amateurs, except goalkeepers) were included in this review.Results and conclusionsWe observed that most of the studies employed video footage obtained from soccer matches, which are occluded at a given point for study participants to quickly and precisely elicit the positions of opponents, teammates and the ball as well as anticipate actions (dribbling, shooting, passing) from surrounding players (teammates and opponents). In addition, the studies compared the performance of players from both high and low competitive levels in anticipation tasks.
Jumping abilities and power-velocity relationship in judo athletes: Comparative analysis among age categories
Authors: Buśko Krzysztof 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine age differences in the maximal power and height of rise of the body mass centre measured in spike jump (SPJ) and counter-movement jump (CMJ), and power-velocity relationship of lower extremities between cadet and U23 age class judo athletes.MethodsSeven cadets (age 16.6 ± 0.7 years) and eight U23 age class (21.3 ± 1.4 years) Polish judoists took part in the study. The maximal power and height of jump were measured at SPJ and CMJ jumps. Power–velocity relations (<i>P–v</i>) were determined from 5 maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts at increasing external loads equal to 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 and 12.5% of body weight (BW).ResultsCadet judoists had a significantly smaller maximal power output (11.56 ± 1.21 W • kg<sup>–1</sup>) than U23 athletes (12.69 ± 0.67 W • kg<sup>–1</sup>). The optimal velocity was similar in both group (119.3 ± 16.0 rpm and 119.6 ± 15.5 rpm, respectively). Significant age differences were founded between the cadet and U23 athletes for power output at external load equal 12.5% BW. Cadet judoists generated insignificantly lower maximal power in CMJ and SPJ than U23 judo athletes with except of the absolute maximal power in SPJ. The age difference was observed in height of CMJ.ConclusionsBased on the characteristics of <i>F–v</i> curve we can see in which direction follow the effects of training. Application of CMJ and SPJ in jumping test allows to assess changes in neuromuscular coordination. The use of the both methods give better information to optimal training control.
Osmotic Dehydration of New Zealand Chestnuts with and without Shell and Pellicle
Authors: Pontawe Reagan J. , Carson James K. , Agbebavi James T. , Klinac David , Swan Janis E. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Osmotic dehydration offers an alternative to air-drying for reducing moisture content at ambient temperature. Of four different solutes investigated, 22% (mass basis) sodium chloride (NaCl) and 60% (mass basis) sucrose solutions were the most successful, with each achieving approximately a 10% reduction in wet basis moisture content after 8 h without significant detrimental side effects, although NaCl solutions cause noticeable darkening in the pits on the surface of the chestnuts. The presence of the shell and pellicle did not significantly affect the dehydration rate. Osmotic dehydration by NaCl or sucrose prior to mechanical shell removal produced a small increase in efficiency of the shell removal process.
Numerical Solution of a Nonlinear Diffusion Model for Soybean Hydration with Moving Boundary
Authors: Nicolin Douglas J. , da Silva Gisleine E. C. , Jorge Regina Maria M. , Jorge Luiz Mario M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Variable diffusivity and volume of the grains are taken into account in the diffusion model that describes mass transfer in soybean hydration. The variable space grid method (VSGM) was used to consider the increase in grain size, and the diffusivity was considered an exponential function of the moisture content. An equation for the behavior of the grain radius as a function of time was obtained by global mass balance over the soybean grain and the differential equation considered that the increase in radius happens due to the influence of the convective and diffusive fluxes at the surface of the grains. The model was solved by an explicit numerical scheme which presented satisfactory results. The results showed the behavior of moisture profiles obtained as a function of time and radial position and also showed how the grain radius increased with time and changed the solution domain of the diffusion equation.
‘The vsuall speach of the Court’? Investigating language change in the Tudor family network (1544–1556)
Authors: Evans Mel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper considers how micro-level analysis can enrich our understanding of macro-level processes of language change, using a case study of the Tudors. It explores how language use in the Tudor family network relates to the role of the Court in the supralocalisation of innovative forms during the sixteenth century. Using an original corpus of correspondence and other autograph writings, I conduct a comparative analysis of the language of Elizabeth Tudor with her siblings, parents and caregivers. The findings suggest that Elizabeth’s siblings, Mary I and Edward VI, were progressive in changes localised at the Court, but that Elizabeth’s caregivers and peripheral kin may have influenced Elizabeth’s uptake of non-Court-based changes. Using Network Strength Scores to represent the social experiences of Elizabeth and her nearest kin, it appears that Elizabeth’s changing position within the Court network, from a peripheral to more central member, may have played a part in the Court’s catalyst effect for the supralocalisation of innovative forms, and the emergence of an overtly prestigious “norm” in Early Modern English.
Language shift and apparent standardisation in Early Modern English
Authors: Knooihuizen Remco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIt has been observed that language-shift varieties of English tend to be relatively close to Standard English (Trudgill and Chambers 1991: 2–3). An often-used explanation for this is that Standard English was acquired in schools by the shifting population (Filppula 2006: 516). In this paper, I discuss three cases of language shift in the Early Modern period: in Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and Shetland. I offer evidence that the role of Standard English education was, in fact, fairly limited, and suggest that the standard-likeness of Cornish English, Manx English and Shetland Scots is most likely due to the particular sociolinguistic circumstances of language shift, where not only language contact, but also dialect contact contributed to a loss of non-standard-like features and the acquisition of a standard-like target variety. This atelic and non-hierarchical process is termedapparent standardisation.
Power Individuation: A New Version of the Single-Tracking View
Authors: Głowala Michał 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper answers three questions concerning power individuation: Can one power have various manifestations? If so, do they have to be unified in some way? If so, how exactly do they have to be unified? After a review of contemporary standpoints (Molnar, Lowe, Williams) I present a version of single-tracking view (inspired by Aquinas’s views on the individuation of powers) which is significantly different from contemporary single-tracking proposals of Molnar and Lowe. The main idea is that different sorts of powers have distinct ways of producing their manifestations, so a pair of different manifestations may require distinct powers of one kind, but just one and the same power of another kind. This suggests the form of the unifying description specific for powers. I argue (taking into account some alleged counterexamples) that all the manifestations of one power of some kind must fall under this sort of unifying description.
Ionization Impact on the Air Cleaning Efficiency in the Interior
Authors: Černecký Jozef , Valentová Karina , Pivarčiová Elena , Božek Pavol 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with ionization impact on efficient cleaning of air in a measuring chamber which has been cleaned and closed against any outer impacts (e.g. impurities, dust from another room, human odours). Smoking has an impact on the number of positive and negative ions including the concentration of particulate matter PM10. We investigated the ion concentration according to the presence of cigarette smoke in the room and according to the change of lit cigarette distance from the supply of ionized air. Due to the experiment there was simulated smoking at the relative air humidity φ = 37 % and φ = 39 % and temperature of 20 °C in the room. Increased PM10 concentrations were caused only by cigarette smoke pollution or more precisely by artificially created higher humidity in the measuring room excluding ambient environment impacts. The aim of the experiments was to prove influence of ionization on the elimination of cigarette smoke. The measurements showed that the highest efficiency of PM10 particulate removal was achieved when the distance of smoking cigarettes from ionization source was 3 m and the air humidity was 39 %. The consequent increase of the distance of smoking cigarettes from the ionization source significantly decreased the efficiency of particle removal. The difference between ionized and natural air is minimal at the bigger distance.
Comparison of the Effects of Cross-validation Methods on Determining Performances of Classifiers Used in Diagnosing Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Isler Yalcin , Narin Ali , Ozer Mahmut 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is unable to provide sufficient pump action to maintain blood flow to meet the needs of the body. Early diagnosis is important since the mortality rate of the patients with CHF is very high. There are different validation methods to measure performances of classifier algorithms designed for this purpose. In this study, k-fold and leave-one-out cross-validation methods were tested for performance measures of five distinct classifiers in the diagnosis of the patients with CHF. Each algorithm was run 100 times and the average and the standard deviation of classifier performances were recorded. As a result, it was observed that average performance was enhanced and the variability of performances was decreased when the number of data sections used in the cross-validation method was increased.
GPU-Accelerated Reconstruction of T2 Maps in Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Mikulka Jan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The main tissue parameters targeted by MR tomography include, among others, relaxation times T1 and T2. This paper focuses on the computation of the relaxation time T2 measured with the Spin Echo method, where the sensing coil of the tomograph provides a multi-echo signal. The maxima of these echoes must be interleaved with an exponential function, and the T2 relaxation can be determined directly from the exponential waveform. As this procedure needs to be repeated for each pixel of the scanned tissue, the processing of large images then becomes very intensive. For example, given the common resolution of 256×256 with 20 slices and five echoes at different times TE, it is necessary to reconstruct 1.3∙106 exponential functions. At present, such computation performed on a regular PC may last even several minutes. This paper introduces the results provided by accelerated computation based on parallelization and carried out with a graphics card. By using the simple method of linear regression, we obtain a processing time of less than 36 ms. Another effective option consists in the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, which enables us to reconstruct the same image in 96 ms. This period is at least 900 times shorter than that achievable with professional software. In this context, the paper also comprises an analysis of the results provided by the above-discussed techniques.
Analysis of Spectral Features of EEG signal in Brain Tumor Condition
Authors: Selvam V. Salai , Devi S. Shenbaga 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signal is an important clinical tool for the diagnosis of several brain disorders. The objective of the presented work is to analyze the feasibility of the spectral features extracted from the scalp EEG signals in detecting brain tumors. A set of 16 candidate features from frequency domain is considered. The significance on the mean values of these features between 100 brain tumor patients and 102 normal subjects is statistically evaluated. Nine of the candidate features significantly discriminate the brain tumor case from the normal one. The results encourage the use of (quantitative) scalp EEG for the diagnosis of brain tumors
The Politics between the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Gülen Movement in Turkey: Issues of Human Rights and Rising Authoritarianism
Authors: Muedini Fait 
Published: August 2015

AbstractI examine the rising tension between two Islamic movements in Turkey: The Justice and Development Party (AKP) and Fethullah Gülen’s Hizmet Movement within the context of increased human rights abuses by the government in Turkey. I argue that Gülen and Hizmet are a continued concern for Recep Tayyip Erdogan and AKP because of Hizmet’s social services, primarily in the realm of education. Furthermore, their influence in public ranks further troubles Erdogan. However, it seems that because of Hizmet’s disinterest with electoral politics, along with an absence of other challengers to the ruling government party’s electoral success, Erdogan and the AKP will continue to hold political power, at least for the short term. Furthermore, this case illustrates Erdogan’s willingness to carry out increased authoritarian actions, as well as a willingness to violate the human rights of civil society actors in Turkey.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in Landau-quantized graphene
Authors: Wendler Florian , Knorr Andreas , Malic Ermin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn an external magnetic field, the energy of massless charge carriers in graphene
is quantized into non-equidistant degenerate Landau levels including a
zero-energy level. This extraordinary electronic dispersion gives rise to a
fundamentally new dynamics of optically excited carriers. Here, we review the
state of the art of the relaxation dynamics in Landau-quantized graphene
focusing on microscopic insights into possible many-particle relaxation
channels.We investigate optical excitation into a non equilibrium distribution
followed by ultrafast carrier- carrier and carrier-phonon scattering processes.
We reveal that surprisingly the Auger scattering dominates the relaxation
dynamics in spite of the non-equidistant Landau quantization in graphene.
Furthermore, we demonstrate how technologically relevant carrier multiplication
can be achieved and discuss the possibility of optical gain in Landau-quantized
graphene. The provided microscopic view on elementary many-particle processes
can guide future experimental studies aiming at the design of novel
graphene-based optoelectronic devices, such as highly efficient photodetectors,
solar cells, and spectrally broad Landau level lasers.
Zwischen Verheißung und Ekstase
Authors: Sass Hartmut von 
Published: August 2015

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Aufsatz ist der Versuch, den Grundriss einer gesellschaftlich engagierten Theologie vorzulegen – mit Hilfe eines erneut profilierten Begriffs der Hoffnung. Dabei geht es nicht primär um den konkreten Zuschnitt jenes Engagements, sondern um seine motivationalen Gründe. Um diese zu klären, werden zwei Begriffe der Hoffnung unterschieden: Hoffnung, die auf etwas Zukünftiges gerichtet ist (
Considering Souls of the Past for today: Soul Origins, Anthropology, and Contemporary Theology
Authors: Farris Joshua R. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDue to the rise in philosophical anthropology and the philosophy of mind there is a need to re-consider afresh the theological debate surrounding the origin of the soul. I address this particular issue in the context of the recent philosophical and theological literature that is also conversant with Ecclesiastical literature surrounding the topic by suggesting that there are, at least, three distinct options within the theology of origins. I proceed in two sections. First, I lay out the variety of positions on the soul within the philosophy of mind literature often called substance dualism. In this section, I suggest there are broadly three variations of substance dualism. These include pure substance dualism, composite or compound substance dualism, and emergent substance dualism. I compare and contrast these variations, discuss the particular problems related to each, and argue that each ‘naturally’ coheres with a particular view of origins based on the metaphysical relationship between the body and soul. Second, I lay out the three positions on the soul’s origin in the remainder of the paper. I put forth that there is not only traducianism and creationism the two most obvious positions within Ecclesiastical history, but also emergent substance dualism with materialist origins deserving further consideration in the theological literature. Furthermore, within the positions, excluding emergent substance dualism with materialist origins, there is variation within each yet still naturally falling under the particular said category. This, then, contributes to literature not only by drawing from recent philosophical literature in the fortification of the Christian view on origins, but, additionally, by putting forth one relatively new position that has not been systematized in the theological literature. Finally, I offer that theologians will benefit in three specific ways from the discussion over substance dualism and the theology of the soul’s origin.
Why semiotics, why poetry?
Authors: Prewitt Terry J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGiambattista Vico’s philosophy foresaw a very postmodern sense of language, first as the underlying logical capacity for what Peirce called the symbolic argument, and second as a communication system per se. And in our view, much of these higher sign processes, especially in the everyday symbol use of human communication, is based in metaphor, very much in Vico’s notion of the term. This essay explores the dynamics of sign ordinary process through poetry, referencing also Vico’s synthesis of understanding and creativity, and the connection of poetry to the earliest Western philosophies.
Influence of Strain Rate on Tensile Strength of Woven Geotextile in the Selected Range of Temperature
Authors: Stępień Sylwia , Szymański Alojzy 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Investigation of geosynthetics behaviour has been carried out for many years. Before using geosynthetics in practice, the standard laboratory tests had been carried out to determine basic mechanical parameters. In order to examine the tensile strength of the sample which extends at a constant strain rate, one should measure the value of the tensile force and strain. Note that geosynthetics work under different conditions of stretching and temperatures, which significantly reduce the strength of these materials. The paper presents results of the tensile test of geotextile at different strain rates and temperatures from 20 °C to 100 °C. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of temperature and strain rate on tensile strength and strain of the woven geotextile. The article presents the method of investigation and the results. The data obtained allowed us to assess the parameters of material which should be considered in the design of the load-bearing structures that work at temperatures up to 100 °C.
Remediation of Acid Generating Colliery Spoil Using Steel Slag – Case Studies
Authors: Ghataora Gurmel S. , Ghazireh Nizar , Hall Nigel 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
One of the legacies of the coal mining industry is the existence of numerous colliery spoil mounds. Run-off waters from some of these mounds result in oxidation of sulphur compounds causing pH to drop to perhaps as low as 2.5. At this pH, mobility for metals increases and it results in destruction of both flora and fauna. In order to reduce acidity, a number of solutions have been investigated with varying degree of success. A recent study to reduce acidity in spoil run-off water included the use of Basic Oxygen Steel slag. Its slow release of lime resulted in longer term remediation compared with other techniques. In addition to this, steel slag contains elements which are essential for plant growth and can be regarded as a weak fertiliser. This was substantiated in two field trials, which had the aim of not only remediating acidity from two different types of colliery spoils, but also to develop a composition that supports grass growth. The objectives were achieved at both sites and some of the results of over 5000 chemical tests conducted during these studies are reported in this paper.