bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Flux and Variable Thermal Conductivity Effects on Casson Flow and Heat Transfer due to an Exponentially Stretching Sheet with Viscous Dissipation and Heat Generation
Authors: Megahed Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a theoretical and numerical study for the effects of thermal buoyancy and constant heat flux on the Casson fluid flow and heat transfer over an exponentially stretching sheet taking into account the effects of variable thermal conductivity, heat generation/absorption and viscous dissipation. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into coupled, non-linear ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformations. Numerical solutions to these equations are obtained by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method with the shooting technique. The effects of various physical parameters which governing the flow and heat treansfer such as the buoyancy parameter, the thermal conductivity parameter, heat generation or absorption parameter and the Prandtl number on velocity and temperature are discussed by using graphical approach. Moreover, numerical results indicate that the local skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are strongly affected by the constant heat flux.
Hygienic Behaviour of Honeybee Colonies with Different Levels of Polyandry and Genotypic Composition
Authors: Gerula Dariusz , Węgrzynowicz Paweł , Panasiuk Beata , Bieńkowska Małgorzata , Skowronek Wojciech 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Honey bee queens were inseminated with diluted, homogenised semen collected from a few dozen drones. This procedure was carried out to increase the diversity of the queens’ offspring, which is in comparison to the offspring of queens inseminated with semen from only a few drones coming from one colony. Queens and drones were mated within carniolan bee (Apis mellifera carnica) subspecies, but 3 selected lines were used. Queens were reared from one line and drones from the same line, and two additional lines differing in hygienic behaviour wherein in one of them that trait was strongly evident. The aim of this study was to examine whether the level of enhanced genetic variability in colonies and simultaneously the participation of hygienic bees, would increase the performance of hygienic behaviour. Overall hygienic behaviour of colonies with a lower and greater genetic variability did not differ significantly and amounted to 52.1 and 47.0%, respectively. Colonies within the lower variability group, in which drones from line selected in hygienic behaviour performance were used for inseminating queens, had a significantly greater percent of cleaned pupae than other colonies (63.2%). Hygienic behaviour in other colonies was more dependent on the gene quotas of hygienic bees in the colonies rather than on the level of polyandry.
Nectar and Pollen Production and Insect Visitation on Ornamentals from the Genus Hosta Tratt. (Asparagaceae)
Authors: Bożek Małgorzata , Strzałkowska-Abramek Monika , Denisow Bożena 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Properly arranged ornamental gardens in both urban and agricultural landscapes can be of a benefit to bees. In this study, we observed the flowering phenology, nectar, and pollen production of the ornamental Hosta species and varieties (H. sieboldiana Engler, H. capitata Nakai, H. crispula Maekawa, H. fluctuans Maekawa, syn. H. sieboldiana var. fluctuans hort., H. undulata var. univittata Miquel (Hylander), syn. H. univittata). Our experiment was conducted in the 2012 - 2014 time period, at the UMCS Botanical Garden in Lublin, Poland (51° 14’ N, 21° 34’ E). The total sugar yield varied almost 5-fold among Hosta ornamentals; the lowest amount was calculated for H. fluctuans (2.31 g per 10 m2) and the highest for H. capitata (11.80 g per 10 m2). The average pollen yield was from 0.24 g per 10 m2 (H. undulata var. univittata) to 9.53 g per 10 m2 (H. capitata). Pollen grains were bilaterally symmetrical, and large-sized. In polar view, they were prolatum (shape index 1.33 - 1.61), while in equatorial view, oblatum (shape index 0.5 - 0.7). Hosta species can complete the summer pasture mainly for bumblebees. In four of the five Hosta representatives, bumblebees accounted for 60 - 70% of the total visits. The honeybee predominated only on the flowers of H. capitata (54 - 71%). Solitary bees were rarely observed (3 - 9% of visits). The phenotypic traits of Hosta flowers (the accumulation of nectar in the deep and narrow perianth tube) reduced the access to nectar reward and restricted an array of insect visitors.
On the stability of the space–time discontinuous Galerkin method for the numerical solution of nonstationary nonlinear convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Balázsová Monika , Feistauer Miloslav , Hadrava Martin , Kosík Adam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe subject of this paper is the analysis of the space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for the solution of nonstationary, nonlinear, convection-diffusion problems. In the formulation of the numerical scheme, the nonsymmetric, symmetric and incomplete versions of the discretization of diffusion terms and interior and boundary penalty are used. Then error estimates are briefly characterized. The main attention is paid to the investigation of unconditional stability of the method. An important tool is the concept of the discrete characteristic function. Theoretical results are accompanied by numerical experiments.
A globally convergent damped Gauss–Newton method for solving the extended linear complementarity problem
Authors: Huang Na , Ma Changfeng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe extended linear complementarity problem (denoted by XLCP), of which the linear and horizontal linear complementarity problems are two special cases, can be reformulated as the solution of a nonsmooth system of equations. By the symmetrically perturbed smoothing Fischer-Burmeister function, the XLCP is approximated by a family of parameterized smoothness optimization problems. Asmoothing damped Gauss-Newton method is designed for solving the XLCP. The proposed algorithm is proved to be convergent globally under suitable assumptions. Some numerical results are reported in the paper
Analysis of the Chang–Cooper discretization scheme for a class of Fokker–Planck equations
Authors: Mohammadi Masoumeh , Borzì Alfio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Chang-Cooper discretization scheme for a class of Fokker-Planck equations is investigated. These equations of parabolic type govern the time evolution of the probability density function of stochastic processes, such that positivity of the density function and conservativeness of the total probability is guaranteed. It is shown that the Chang-Cooper scheme combined with backward first- and second-order finite differencing in time provides stable and accurate solutions that are conservative and positive. These properties are theoretically proven and validated by numerical experiments.
Competition and critical periods in spring sugar beet cultivation
Authors: Mansilla Martínez José , Juan Valero José-Arturo de , Padilla Alfonso Domínguez , Picornell Buendía María-Raquel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHigh yields with low costs require that sugar beets be kept free of weeds, during critical periods, using labor or chemical treatments. Since the critical periods for this crop in Castilla - La Mancha (Spain) are unknown, the first goal of this study was to determine the effect of early and late competition on yield. The second goal was to determine the critical periods, while taking into consideration the semiarid climatic conditions of this region. Two irrigation farms located in the province of Albacete are dedicated to sugar beet cultivation. These two farms were chosen to carry out the tests March (140,000-150,000 seeds ∙ ha-1) and harvested in October. Two simultaneous and complementary experiments were carried out in each year and farm. Two scenarios were considered with eight different treatments each. In the first one (With Weeds Until - WWU), plots were infested by weeds up to a certain date. In the second one (Free of Weeds Until - FWU), plots were kept free of weeds up to a certain date. For each test, a randomised experimental blocked field was designed and there were four repetitions, each of them containing eight elemental plots (12 m2). Each plot was weeded by hand or weeds were left to grow till a definite date.The results indicated that a 1% loss of yield was reached in the early competition after 14 days, while a loss of 5% was reached after a period of 41 days after it was infested. The results also indicated that in late competition, if a crop is kept clean for 124 days and it is infested afterwards, a 1% loss is reached. However, the loss increases to 5% if the plot is kept clean for 111 days. For a 1% loss the critical period is 110 days and 70 days for a 5% loss.
Overcoming the Development Deficit of Article XXIV: Promoting Equality through North-South RTAs
Authors: Gammage Clair 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRegionalism has been conceptualised as a development strategy for integrating developing countries into the global economy, and there has been an increase in the number of North-South regional trade agreements (RTAs) being negotiated among WTO Members. Notified under Article XXIV GATT 1994, members of North-South RTAs must liberalize substantially all trade on a reciprocal basis, within a reasonable period of time, irrespective of their development status. Challenging the assumptions on which North-South regionalism rests, this article submits that Article XXIV has created a regulatory framework that sustains a monocultural conception of development which is synonymous with economic growth. Rejecting the economic model, this article argues that development should be understood as a multidimensional process, with an emphasis on equality of opportunities for all countries. Through a deconstruction of the textual interpretation of Article XXIV, and by analysing the practical application of this provision in the EU-ACP Economic Partnership Agreements, the gradual erosion of development from the process of trade liberalisation will be revealed. This article argues that the “rationalizing spell” of legal formalism must be broken in order to reimagine the legal framework, so that a concept of development, grounded in equality, is facilitated by the multilateral trading system.
Explorations on data condensation and data distribution in the microstructures of e-dictionaries / Untersuchungen zur Datenkondensation und Datendistribution in den Mikrostrukturen von Onlinewörterbüchern / Études sur la condensation et la distribution des données dans la microstructure des dictionnaires en ligne
Authors: Caruso Valeria 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a critical investigation on the applicability within e-dictionaries of basic microstructural concepts and typologies proposed by Wiegand. Focusing on information accessibility for the user, the categories developed for printed dictionaries are put to the test in the electronic environment analysing monolingual online dictionaries of the English, French, German, and Italian languages.
As Gouws has already pointed out, new types of data organization are to be found among innovative online dictionaries. They make, in fact, an extensive use of structural indicators and data-identifying entries, thus taking charge of some of the coherence functions that were previously fulfilled by microstructures, typically using strict bipartitions between comments on form and comments on semantics.
Therefore, since the microstructure is no longer chiefly responsible for marking the general data typology, i.e. items on form and items on meaning, it is used in the electronic environment to provide other types of coherent arrangements.
On the other hand, microstructural typologies of printed dictionaries seem to offer parameters that are still of use in order to identify the type of data integration presented by the dictionary, provided that the concept of some basic structural categories, such as comments, is extended and gains a wider range of possible applications.
Electronic lexicography goes local: Design and structures of a needs-driven online academic writing aid / Die elektronische Lexikographie wird spezifischer: Das Design und die Struktur einer auf die Benutzerbedürfnisse berzogenen akademischen Online- Schreibhilfe / La lexicographie électronique devient plus spécifique: conception et structure d‘une aide à l‘écriture académique
Authors: Granger Sylviane , Paquot Magali 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Writing idiomatic academic texts in English is a challenge faced by an increasing number of international students and scholars. In this article, we present a web-based dictionary-cum-writing aid tool, the Louvain English for Academic Purposes Dictionary, which aims to address the attested needs of non-native writers of English, with a particular focus on the phraseological patterning of academic words. First, we present the general design of the dictionary, highlighting four of its main features, i.e. the fact that it is corpus-based, production-oriented, hybrid and customizable. We then describe key aspects of the macro- and microstructure and highlight innovative features of the access structure, such as direct access to discipline-specific corpora. The conclusion outlines some important priorities for the future, in particular the need for validation and the desirability of integrating the dictionary into a wider learning environment.
Vernetzungsstrukturen digitaler Wörterbücher. Neue Ansätze zur Analyse / Cross-linking structures of digital dictionaries. New approaches for analysis / La structure des liens croisés dans les dictionnaires électroniques
Authors: Müller-Spitzer Carolin , Wolfer Sascha 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this contribution, we present a novel approach for the analysis of cross-reference structures in digital dictionaries on the basis of the complete dictionary database. Using paradigmatic items in the German Wiktionary as an example, we show how analyses based on graph theory can be fruitfully applied in this context, e. g. to gain an overview of paradigmatic references as a whole or to detect closely connected groups of headwords. Furthermore, we connect information about cross-reference structures with corpus frequencies and log file statistics. In this way, we can answer questions such as the following ones: Are frequent words paradigmatically linked more closely than others? Are closely linked headwords or headwords that stand more solitary in the dictionary visited significantly more often?
Data Presentation Structures in Specialised Dictionaries: Law Dictionaries with Communicative Functions / Datenpräsentationsstrukturen in Fachwörterbüchern: Rechtswörterbücher mit einer kommunikativen Funktion / La structure de la présentation des données dans les dictionnaires spécialisés
Authors: Nielsen Sandro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Theoretical lexicographers have developed a range of elaborate structures to describe the arrangement of data inside dictionaries, in particular in dictionary articles. However, most of these structures have been developed on the basis of detailed analyses of print dictionaries and relatively little has been said about the arrangement of data in e-dictionaries. The relevant data types are lexicographical data providing help concerning the function(s) and use of dictionaries on search results pages. In order to create a visual hierarchy on screen that makes the most important search result data stand out, lexicographers should prioritize functional data that are directly related to and support the function(s) of dictionaries on a need-to-have/niceto- have basis, because data presentation structures with functional focus may better help users achieve their intended goals, i.e. finding answers to problems in communicative situations. One result is that lexicographers can analyse and describe the visual hierarchy in terms of data presentation fields and search zones, even though some search results may be described as non-articles.
The European Master in Lexicography in 2015: 2nd EMLex Colloquium on Lexicography and the International Summer Semester
Authors: Gouws Rufus H. , Iriarte Álvaro 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The following report reflects on the activities of EMLex - the International European Master in Lexicography, focusing on the second annual colloquium and subsequent annual consortium meeting held at the Karoli Gaspar Reformatus Egyetem in Budapest, Hungary as well as the annual teaching semester at the University of Minho, in Braga, Portugal.
The spatial variability of air temperature and nocturnal urban heat island intensity in the city of Brno, Czech Republic
Authors: Dobrovolný Petr , Krahula Lukáš 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study seeks to quantify the effects of a number of factors on the nocturnal air temperature field in a medium-sized central European city located in complex terrain. The main data sources consist of mobile air temperature measurements and a geographical database. Temperature measurements were taken along several profiles through the city centre and were made under a clear sky with no advection. Altogether nine sets of detailed measurements, in all seasons, were assembled. Altitude, quantity of vegetation, density of buildings and the structure of the transportation (road) system were considered as explanatory variables. The result is that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the density of buildings were the most important factors, each of them explaining a substantial part (more than 50%) of overall air temperature variability. Mobile measurements with NDVI values as a covariate were used for interpolation of air temperature for the entire study area. The spatial variability of nocturnal air temperature and UHI intensity in Brno is the main output presented. Air temperatures interpolated from mobile measurements and NDVI values indicate that the mean urban heat island (UHI) intensity in the early night in summer is at its highest (approximately 5 °C) in the city centre and decreases towards the suburban areas.
Long-term air temperature changes in Ljubljana (Slovenia) in comparison to Trieste (Italy) and Zagreb (Croatia)
Authors: Ogrin Darko 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The cities of Ljubljana, Trieste and Zagreb are proximate in terms of distance but differ in terms of geographical and climatic conditions. Continuous meteorological measurements in these cities began in the mid-19th century. The 100-year trends of changes in mean annual and seasonal air temperatures for these cities are presented here, evaluating the differences between them which result from their different geographical and climatic positions. Differences in trends between Ljubljana and Zagreb that result from different measurement histories and the impact of urban climate are also presented: the impact of city growth on air temperatures in Ljubljana after 1950 was not completely eliminated in the process of data homogenization. The lowest air warming trends occur in the maritime climate of Trieste (mean annual air temperature: + 0.8 °C × 100 yr−1), where measurements were continuously performed in the densely built-up section of the city. The strongest trends occur in Ljubljana, mainly due to city growth (mean annual air temperature: + 1.1 °C × 100 yr−1). Comparing the linear trends in Zagreb-Grič and in Ljubljana, the impact of Ljubljana's urban heat island on the 100-year warming trend was assessed at about 0.2 °C, at 0.3–0.4 °C for the trend after 1950, and if non-homogenized data are used, at about 0.5 °C.
Farmers’ Comparative Use Assessment Of Wind And Electric Pump For Irrigation
Authors: Diaba Kwasi Selassie , Felix Kutsanedzie 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Keta District provides one of the best wind regimes in Ghana and farming is the main occupation of most people in the communities of the district, notably the anloga community. A small size wind pump (1.6m rotor diameter) is currently in operation in Anloga in the Keta District on pilot bases to verify its cost effectiveness compared with the hydro electric power technology. The high electricity tariff paid every month for power consumption deterred majority of the farmers using hydro electricity technology for pumping. A survey conducted revealed that out of about 50 farmers, only 29% engaged in the use of electric power for pumping whilst 69% still use the manual method. 2% of the farmers are using wind energy technology on pilot bases. Farmers in these coastal communities may have engaged in the use of wind energy for water pumping but for its high initial cost.
Evaluation Of Present-Day Climate-Induced Desertification In El-Dakhla Oasis, Western Desert Of Egypt, Based On Integration Of MEDALUS Method, GIS And RS Techniques.
Authors: Ismael Hossam 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Limited to fourth percent or less of the country’s total land area, Egypt’s agricultural landscape is threatened by the repercussions of climate change, desertification, soil depletion, and looming water scarcity. Outside of the Nile river valley and scattered fertile pockets in the desert oases, the vast majority of land is desert: rocky, parched and unable to support conventional farming. According to Egyptian National Action Program 2005 (ENAP), Egypt covers an area of about one million km2 ~ 100 million hectares, out of which about of 76.5 thousands km2 ~ 7.6% of the total area are inhabited, and the remaining (92.4%) area is desert. Desertification is a very complex process governed by several variables which influence each other. It is thus not possible to conclude for the general picture from a single factor alone. This process has a high rate in arid and hyper-arid countries such as Egypt. The main objective of this research was to evaluation the present-day climate-induced desertification in El-Dakhla Oasis, so in this study, the newest method for evaluating and mapping of desertification was used. The mathematic method was carried out by European Commission (EC), (MEditerranean Desertification And Land Use) at the MEDALUS project and booked as ESAs in 1999 integrated with remote sensing and GIS. All indices of the model were revised before using, and regarding to the region condition these indices were defined as key indices which were: Temperature, precipitation, wind, albedo, ground water and soil benchmark, and each benchmark has some sub-layers getting from their geometric mean. Based on the MEDALUS model, each sub-benchmark was quantified according to its quality and given a weighting of between 1.0 and 2.0. All benchmarks should be reinvestigated and adjusted to local conditions. Ultimately, desertification severity was classified in four level including low, moderate, Severe and high Severe. ArcGIS 10 was used to analysis and prepares the layers of quality maps using the geometric mean to integrate the individual sub-indicator maps. In turn the geometric mean of six quality maps was used to generate a single desertification status map. Remote sensing data have great potential to improve models mapping spatial variability of temperature and precipitation since they are available as time worldwide, and have high spatial resolution. The HYDRA visualization software was used to measure the present surface albedo from MODIS product (MOD43C1). Results showed that 60% of the area is classified as Severe, 14 % as moderate and 12%, 16% as low and none affected by desertification respectively. In addition the climatic variations including rainfall, temperature, sunlight, wind indicators were the most important factors affecting desertification process in El-Dakhla Oasis.