bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief aus Abu Dhabi
Authors: Karafyllis Nicole C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The article’s main focus is education in the field of philosophy in the Middle East, exemplified by the situation in the United Arab Emirates. The specific frameworks for teaching philosophy in the region are highlighted along with how to practically deal with ethics, aesthetics, philosophy of nature, and the gender issue. It is recommended also for ‘Western’ philosophers to engage in curriculum development for the Middle East, thereby taking regional values into account.
12T061C, a new Julichrome family radical scavenger from Streptomyces species
Authors: Komoda Toshikazu , Saeki Naoko , Koseki Yoshitaka , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The new radical scavenger 12T061C (C20H22O7) has been identified from a culture of Streptomyces species. Spectroscopic elucidation showed that this compound is a new Julichrome family compound. 12T061C shows a potent radical-scavenging activity with an ED50 of 18 μm that is similar to those of the known antioxidant compounds α-tocopherol (ED50 16 μm) and quercetin (ED50 3 μm).
One-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxyisochroman-1-one and evaluation of acetal derivatives as antibacterial and antifungal agents
Authors: Patel Gautam M. , Deota Pradeep T. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-3-hydroxyisochroman-1-one (lactol) 3 by oxidation of indene using tungstic acid-hydrogen peroxide is reported. The synthesized lactol was converted into acetal derivatives 5a–h, which were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative) strains, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger by broth dilution method. The compounds show potent activity against S. aureus in comparison with ampicillin and exhibit modest antifungal activity.
Applications of immunochemistry in human health: advances in vaccinology and antibody design (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Klein Reinhild , Templeton Douglas M. , Schwenk Michael 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This report discusses the history and mechanisms of vaccination of humans as well as the engineering of therapeutic antibodies. Deeper understanding of the molecular interactions involved in both acquired and innate immunity is allowing sophistication in design of modified and even synthetic vaccines. Recombinant DNA technologies are facilitating development of DNA-based vaccines, for example, with the recognition that unmethylated CpG sequences in plasmid DNA will target Toll-like receptors on antigen-presenting cells. Formulations of DNA vaccines with increased immunogenicity include engineering into plasmids with “genetic adjuvant” capability, incorporation into polymeric or magnetic nanoparticles, and formulation with cationic polymers and other polymeric and non-polymeric coatings. Newer methods of delivery, such as particle bombardment, DNA tattooing, electroporation, and magnetic delivery, are also improving the effectiveness of DNA vaccines. RNA-based vaccines and reverse vaccinology based on gene sequencing and bioinformatic approaches are also considered. Structural vaccinology is an approach in which the detailed molecular structure of viral epitopes is used to design synthetic antigenic peptides. Virus-like particles are being designed for vaccine deliveries that are based on structures of viral capsid proteins and other synthetic lipopeptide building blocks. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to further enhance immunogenicity, based on squalene and other oil–water emulsions, saponins, muramyl dipeptide, immunostimulatory oligonucleotides, Toll-like receptor ligands, and lymphotoxins. Finally, current trends in engineering of therapeutic antibodies including improvements of antigen-binding properties, pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutical properties, and reduction of immunogenicity are discussed. Taken together, understanding the chemistry of vaccine design, delivery and immunostimulation, and knowledge of the techniques of antibody design are allowing targeted development for the treatment of chronic disorders characterized by continuing activation of the immune system, such as autoimmune disorders, cancer, or allergies that have long been refractory to conventional approaches.
Traditional Chinese Book and Document Preservation: Brief History And Essential Techniques and Their Contemporary Applications
Authors: Ming Lin , Weiqing Qiu , Zhang Liang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract Papermaking and printing were invented in China which developed a rich history of creating, collecting, and preserving books. The present article provides information about Chinese preservation traditions and conservation techniques developed over the last thousand years. Two key principles of preservation discussed here are minimal conservation treatment (in the absence of a skilled conservator, it is preferable not to do any work on a book, document, or painting) and utility over beauty (the goal of preservation and conservation is not solely to produce a beautiful object, but to extend the useful life of the object for as long as it can be extended). The article also looks at many Chinese conservation techniques and materials. Professionals engaged in digitizing rare books must have a basic understanding of conservation traditions and practices. The present article provides this.
Revised Annotations, Sex-Biased Expression, and Lineage-Specific Genes in the Drosophila melanogaster Group
Authors: Rogers Rebekah L , Shao Ling , Sanjak Jaleal S , Andolfatto Peter , Thornton Kevin R 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Here, we provide revised gene models for D. ananassae, D. yakuba, and D. simulans, which include untranslated regions and empirically verified intron-exon boundaries, as well as ortholog groups identified using a fuzzy reciprocal-best-hit blast comparison. Using these revised annotations, we perform differential expression testing using the cufflinks suite to provide a broad overview of differential expression between reproductive tissues and the carcass. We identify thousands of genes that are differentially expressed across tissues in D. yakuba and D. simulans, with roughly 60% agreement in expression patterns of orthologs in D. yakuba and D. simulans. We identify several cases of putative polycistronic transcripts, pointing to a combination of transcriptional read-through in the genome as well as putative gene fusion and fission events across taxa. We furthermore identify hundreds of lineage specific genes in each species with no blast hits among transcripts of any other Drosophila species, which are candidates for neofunctionalized proteins and a potential source of genetic novelty.
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Patients With Tumors in the Head and Neck Region
Authors: Faiz Saadia A. , Balachandran Diwakar , Hessel Amy C. , Lei Xiudong , Beadle Beth M. , William William N. , Bashoura Lara 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background.
Sleep disturbance is a prominent complaint of cancer patients. Most studies have focused on insomnia and cancer-related fatigue. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported in small studies and case reports.

Methods.
In a retrospective review of patients who underwent formal sleep evaluation and polysomnography (PSG) from 2006 to 2011, 56 patients with tumors in the head and neck region were identified. Clinical characteristics, sleep-related history, and PSG data were reviewed.

Results.
Most patients had active cancer (80%), and the majority had squamous pathology (68%). Prominent symptoms included daytime fatigue (93%), daytime sleepiness (89%), and snoring (82%). Comorbid conditions primarily included hypertension (46%) and hypothyroidism (34%). Significant sleep-related breathing disorder was noted in 93% of patients, and 84% met clinical criteria for OSA. A male predominance (77%) was noted, and patients were not obese (body mass index &lt;30 kg/m2 in 52%). The majority of patients (79%) underwent radiation prior to sleep study, of which 88% had OSA, and in the group without prior radiation, 67% had OSA. Adherence to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy was slightly better when compared with the general population. A subset of patients with persistent hypoxia despite advanced forms of PAP required tracheostomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with active disease and radiation prior to PSG were more likely to have OSA.

Conclusion.
Sleep-related breathing disorder was common in patients with tumors in the head and neck region referred for evaluation of sleep disruption, and most met clinical criteria for OSA. Daytime fatigue and sleepiness were the most common complaints. OSA was prevalent in male patients, and most with OSA were not obese. Architectural distortion from the malignancy and/or treatment may predispose these patients to OSA by altering anatomic and neural factors. A heightened clinical suspicion for sleep-related breathing disorder and referral to a sleep specialist would be beneficial for patients with these complaints.
Increased Expression of Interleukin (IL)‐35 and IL‐17, But Not IL‐27, in Gingival Tissues With Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Mitani Akio , Niedbala Wanda , Fujimura Takeki , Mogi Makio , Miyamae Shin , Higuchi Naoya , Abe Atsushi , Hishikawa Toshimitsu , Mizutani Makoto , Ishihara Yuichi , Nakamura Hiroshi , Kurita Kenichi , Ohno Norikazu , Tanaka Yoshinobu , Hattori Masami , Noguchi Toshihide 
Published: October 2014

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐35 plays an important role in immune regulation through the suppression of effector T‐cell populations, including T‐helper 17 (Th17) cells. Although Th17 cells and IL‐17 are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis, the level of IL‐35 in inflamed periodontal tissues is unclear. Here, IL‐35, IL‐17, and IL‐27 production/expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and human gingival tissue were investigated.Methods: GCF samples were collected from buccal (mesial, center, and distal) sites of teeth from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and healthy controls and were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for IL‐35 (periodontitis, n = 36; healthy, n = 30) and IL‐17 (periodontitis, n = 16; healthy, n = 13). Gingival tissue, including sulcus/pocket epithelium and underlying connective tissue, was collected from an additional 10 healthy participants and 10 patients with CP and were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for Epstein Barr virus‐induced gene 3 (EBI3), IL12A, and IL17A. IL27p28 was also tested by qPCR.Results: IL‐35 and IL‐17 were significantly higher in GCF from patients with periodontitis than healthy participants (P <0.01, P <0.05, respectively). In both healthy participants and those with periodontitis, positive correlations were found among IL‐35 and probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) as well as between IL‐17 and CAL. EBI3, IL12A (components of IL‐35), and IL17A messenger RNA expression levels were significantly higher in inflamed gingival tissue than in healthy control tissues (P <0.05). IL27p28 was not detected in any sample, suggesting that IL‐27 is not produced in large quantities in periodontal tissue.Conclusion: IL‐35 and IL‐17, but not IL‐27, may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.
Immediate Loading of Mandibular Overdentures Supported by One‐Piece, Direct Metal Laser Sintering Mini‐Implants: A Short‐Term Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Mangano Francesco G. , Caprioglio Alberto , Levrini Luca , Farronato Davide , Zecca Piero A. , Mangano Carlo 
Published: October 2014

Background:Only a few studies have dealt with immediately loaded, unsplinted mini‐implants supporting ball attachment–retained mandibular overdentures (ODs). The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment outcomes of ball attachment–retained mandibular ODs supported by one‐piece, unsplinted, immediately loaded, direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) mini‐implants.Methods:Over a 4‐year period (2009 to 2012), all patients referred to the Dental Clinic, University of Varese, and to a private practice for treatment with mandibular ODs were considered for inclusion in this study. Each patient received three or four DMLS mini‐implants. Immediately after implant placement, a mandibular OD was connected to the implants. At each annual follow‐up session, clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed, including the following outcome measures: 1) implant failures; 2) peri‐implant marginal bone loss; and 3) complications. Statistical analysis was conducted using a life‐table analysis.Results:A total of 231 one‐piece DMLS mini‐implants were inserted in 62 patients. After 4 years of loading, six implants failed, giving an overall cumulative survival rate of 96.9%. The mean distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone‐to‐implant contact was 0.38 ± 0.25 and 0.62 ± 0.20 mm at the 1‐ and 4‐year follow‐up examinations, respectively. An incidence of 6.0% of biologic complications was reported; prosthetic complications were more frequent (12.9%).Conclusions:Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that the immediate loading of one‐piece, unsplinted, DMLS titanium mini‐implants by means of ball attachment–supported mandibular ODs is a successful treatment procedure. Long‐term follow‐up studies are needed to confirm these results.
Autograft Transfer from the Ipsilateral Femoral Condyle in Depressed Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Sferopoulos N.K 
Published: October 2014

Introduction :The rationale for operative treatment of depressed tibial plateau fractures is anatomic reduction, stable fixation and grafting. Grafting options include autogenous bone graft or bone substitutes.Methods :The autograft group included 18 patients with depressed tibial plateau fractures treated with autogenous bone grafting from the ipsilateral femoral condyle following open reduction and internal fixation. According to Schatzker classification, there were 9 type II, 4 type III, 2 type IV and 3 type V lesions. The average time to union and the hospital charges were compared with the bone substitute group. The latter included 17 patients who had an excellent outcome following treatment of split and/or depressed lateral plateau fractures, using a similar surgical technique but grafting with bone substitutes (allografts).Results :Excellent clinical and radiological results were detected in the autograft group after an average follow-up of 28 months (range 12-37). The average time to union in the autograft group was 14 weeks (range 12-16), while in the bone substitute group it was 18 weeks (range 16-20). The mean total cost was 1276 Euros for the autograft group and 2978 Euros for the bone substitute group.Discussion :The use of autogenous graft from the ipsilateral femoral condyle following open reduction and internal fixation of depressed tibial plateau fractures provided enough bone to maintain the height of the tibial plateau and was not associated with any donor site morbidity. Using this method, the surgical time was not significantly elongated and the rehabilitation was not affected. It also exhibited faster fracture healing without postoperative loss of reduction and it was less expensive than the use of bone substitutes.
Development and Initial Validation of the Satisfaction and Recovery Index (SRI) for Measurement of Recovery from Musculoskeletal Trauma
Authors: Walton David M , MacDermid Joy C , Pulickal Mathew , Rollack Amber , Veitch Jennifer 
Published: October 2014

Background:
There is a need for a generic patient-reported outcome (PRO) that is patient-centric and offers sound properties for measuring the process and state of recovery from musculoskeletal trauma. This study describes the construction and initial validation of a new tool for this purpose.

Methods:
A prototype tool was constructed through input of academic and clinical experts and patient representatives. After evaluation of individual items, a 9-item Satisfaction and Recovery Index (SRI) was subject to psychometric evaluation drawn from classical test theory. Subjects were recruited through online and clinical populations, from those reporting pain or disability from musculoskeletal trauma. The full sample (N = 129) completed the prototype tool and a corresponding region-specific disability measure. A subsample (N = 46) also completed the Short-Form 12 version 2 (SF12vs). Of that, a second subsample (N = 29) repeated all measures 3 months later.

Results:
A single factor ‘health-related satisfaction’ was extracted that explained 71.1% of scale variance, Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95. A priori hypotheses for cross-sectional correlations with region-specific disability measures and the generic Short-form 12 component scores were supported. The SRI tool was equally responsive to change, and able to discriminate between recovered/non-recovered subjects, at a level similar to that of the region-specific measures and generally better than the SF-12 subscales.

Conclusion:
The new SRI tool, as a measure of health-related satisfaction, shows promise in this initial evaluation of its properties. It is generic, patient-centered, and shows overall measurement properties similar to that of region-specific measures while allowing the potential benefit of comparison between clinical conditions. Despite early promising results, additional properties need to be explored before the tool can be endorsed for routine clinical use.
On the Stewardship Value of Soft Managerial Reports
Authors: Şabac Florin , Tian Jie (Joyce) 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
We characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions for communication of private, unverifiable managerial information to be valuable for stewardship purposes. First, the hard, verifiable information must be able to confirm to some extent the truthfulness of the manager's soft, unverifiable report. Second, neither the hard, verifiable information nor the soft, unverifiable managerial report should be too informative for providing effort incentives because that makes it harder to motivate truthful reports from the manager. In particular, this conflict can be sufficiently severe that eliciting reports from the manager has no value.
Has the Quality of Accounting Education Declined?
Authors: Madsen Paul E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
For decades, prominent members of the accounting community have argued that the quality of accounting education is falling. Support for this claim is limited because of a scarcity of data characterizing the constructs of interest. This study is a comparative evaluation of the quality of accounting education from the 1970s to the 2000s using unique data to quantify education quality for accounting and many comparison disciplines. I find that, compared to most other types of college education, accounting education quality has been steady or increasing over the sample period. However, relative to other business degree programs, the evidence is mixed. The quality of students self-selecting non-accounting business degrees has increased while the quality of accounting students has not. The disparity in student quality is not reflected in the pay received by accounting graduates, which has remained stable relative to the pay received by graduates with other business degrees, although this result is likely influenced by regulatory changes during the 2000s, including Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX). Together, the evidence suggests that the quality of accounting education has not declined rapidly over the last four decades, but in the competition among business degree programs for high-quality students, accounting has underperformed.
Data Availability: Data used in this study are available in the Freshman and Senior Surveys of the Cooperative Institutional Research Program's Higher Education Research Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles; the IPUMS-USA database, which is compiled and distributed by the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota; the National Survey of College Graduates, which is available from the National Science Foundation; and the General Social Survey, which is maintained by the National Opinion Research Center at The University of Chicago.
Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: A prospective study and validity assessment
Authors: Yoon Kyoung-Sik , Lee Ho-Jin , Lee Shin-Jae , Donatelli Richard E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: (1) To perform a prospective study using a new set of data to test the validity of a new soft tissue prediction method developed for Class II surgery patients and (2) to propose a better validation method that can be applied to a validation study.Materials and Methods: Subjects were composed of two subgroups: training subjects and validation subjects. Eighty Class II surgery patients provided the training data set that was used to build the prediction algorithm. The validation data set of 34 new patients was used for evaluating the prospective performance of the prediction algorithm. The validation was conducted using four validation methods: (1) simple validation and (2) fivefold, (3) 10-fold, and (4) leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO).Results: The characteristics between the training and validation subjects did not differ. The multivariate partial least squares regression returned more accurate prediction results than the conventional method did. During the prospective validation, all of the cross-validation methods (fivefold, 10-fold, and LOO) demonstrated fewer prediction errors and more stable results than the simple validation method did. No significant difference was noted among the three cross-validation methods themselves.Conclusion: After conducting a prospective study using a new data set, this new prediction method again performed well. In addition, a cross-validation technique may be considered a better option than simple validation when constructing a prediction algorithm.
Color Stability Behavior of Methacrylate-based Resin Composites Polymerized with Light-emitting Diodes and Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen
Authors: Sabatini C 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARY

Despite significant developments in improving the optical properties of resin composite materials, their color stability remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the shade stability of light-polymerized, methacrylate-based resin composites with different filler particle composition (microfill, minifill, nanohybrids, and microhybrids) polymerized with quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) and light-emitting diodes (LED).

Methods and Materials
Composite discs were fabricated from Tetric EvoCeram, Premise, Artiste, and Beautifil II (nanohybrids); Filtek Supreme Plus and Vit-l-escence (microhybrids); Heliomolar (microfill); and Estelite Sigma Quick (minifill) using a Teflon mold. The specimens were irradiated either with QTH (Elipar 2500; 600 mW/cm2) for 40 seconds or with LED (Bluephase G2; 1200 mW/cm2) for 20 seconds. Color parameters were measured with a colorimeter before and after polymerization and at 24 hours, one week, one month, and three months. Color change was calculated among the different storage periods.

Results
There was a significant effect of the composite, time, and their interaction (p&lt;0.001) but no effect of the polymerization unit on the color stability. Color changes immediately after polymerization and at 24 hours (4.22 and 3.88 for LED; and 4.08 and 3.82 for QTH) were not significantly different from each other but were both significantly higher than changes after one week (0.96 and 0.78), one month (1.12 and 1.02), and three months (1.27 and 1.11) for LED and QTH, respectively (p&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
Color changes were observed for all the materials that were dependent on the type of composite but not on the polymerization unit. These color shifts took place primarily immediately after polymerization and after 24 hours and were additive in nature.