bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing the Gantt chart in Europe and Britain: the contributions of Wallace Clark
Authors: Wren Daniel A. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to trace the European and British activities of Wallace Clark and his consulting firm with public sector agencies and private firms implement Henry L. Gantt’s chart concept.

Design/methodology/approach
Archival records and secondary sources in English and French.

Findings
Developed to meet the shipbuilding and use needs for the Great War (World War I), the Gantt chart was disseminated through the work of Wallace Clark during the 1930s in numerous public sector and private organizations in 12 nations. The Gantt concept was applied in a variety of industries and firms using batch, continuous processing and/or sub-assembly lines in mass production. Traditional scientific management techniques were expanded for general management, such as financial requirement through budgetary control. Clark and his consulting firm were responsible for implementing a managerial tool, the Gantt chart, in an international setting.

Research limitations/implications
Some firms with which Clark consulted could not be identified because the original records of the Wallace Clark Company were disposed of by New York University archival authorities. Industries were identified from the writings of Pearl Clark and Wallace Clark, and some private or public organizations were discerned from archival work and the research of French and British scholars.

Originality/value
This is the first study of the diffusion of a managerial tool, developed in America by Henry L. Gantt, into Europe and Britain through the contributions of Wallace Clark.
Distribution channels and internationalization in a developing-country clothing industry
Authors: Ogunrin Florence Olu , Inegbenebor Anthony U 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the distribution channels used by a Nigerian sample of apparel producers and investigate the association between the channels in use and the sample’s export involvement. In this era of sophisticated computer- and internet-mediated marketing practices, the larger proportion of entrepreneurs in developing economies still deploy largely informal marketing practices. Countries indeed have adopted the marketing revolution to varying degrees, consistent with prevailing level of development.Design/methodology/approach– A structured interview schedule was used in collecting data from 111 apparel entrepreneurs.Findings– Most of the respondents were domestic market-focused haute couture producers or low-volume producers of ready-to-wear (r-t-w) clothing who supply institutions or boutiques, using direct channels. Only a few export, mainly through ethnic-commercial networks involving overseas-based family/friends.Practical implications– For now, current distribution channels seem adequate for the personal and business goals of these entrepreneurs. However, large-volume clothing exporting through formal global distribution channels is what drives industrialization and development. These apparel entrepreneurs therefore require institutional assistance to link up with formal global marketing channels. It is only then that the industry would serve similar development roles as witnessed in other emerging economies which have climbed the development ladder through export of labour-intensive manufactures like clothing.Originality/value– The study confirmed earlier observations about apparel exporting in Nigeria, such as prevalent use of informal channels, and also draws attention to less-known details, including the existence of fledgling local trade intermediaries, “disappointed exporters” and an emerging group (yet miniscule) of exporters who utilize more formalized channels.
Networks and marketing in small professional service businesses
Authors: Menelec Valerie , Jones Brian 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore networks in relation to small professional service businesses. Both the structural and relational components of networks are considered to better understand what networks are and how they operate. The paper investigates the link between networks and marketing and discusses the extent to which small professional service businesses use their networks for marketing activities.

Design/methodology/approach
– The literature review identifies key elements of professional service businesses, networks and marketing activities. The primary research is qualitative by design and exploratory in nature and used a multi-case study approach. Data were collected from five small management consultancy businesses through in-depth interviews using semi-structured questionnaires.

Findings
– The study finds that small professional service businesses lack the business/marketing language to articulate their approaches and values. They are increasingly relying on collaboration to deliver changing services. Findings show that “core groups” are highly significant in the structure of their networks. Furthermore, while most connections are work-related, networks are not strategically motivated. Linkages are strong and motivations to network and networking activities are both short and long term. Generating work and developing lasting collaborative relationships is based on similar values and interests.

Originality/value
– The study offers insight and practical understanding on the relations that small businesses have with their networks. It also builds and adds value to the theory of network and networking in both the small business field and professional services related industry. It explores networks by considering the structural and relational components separately whilst also highlighting their interconnection.
Selecting business partner for service delivery co-innovation and competitive advantage
Authors: Tsou Hung-Tai , Cheng Colin C.J. , Hsu Hsuan-Yu 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– While co-innovation with third parties (e.g. customer or supplier) has been widely documented, the literature seems to pay scant attention on co-innovation with business partners. Building on the resource dependence theory (RDT) and the input-process-output model, the purpose of this paper is to examine how four criteria of business partner selection affect service delivery co-innovation, which, in turn, influences firms’ competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approach– A mail survey was sent to 600 IT service firms in Taiwan, the target respondents being senior marketing managers in charge of collaborative new service development. A total of 120 usable questionnaires were collected, for a response rate of 20 percent.Findings– The findings support the argument that all four criteria of business partner selection have positive relationships with service delivery co-innovation. Meanwhile, adopting these criteria, firms’ service delivery co-innovation is able to create superior competitive advantage.Research limitations/implications– The findings enrich the existing literature by proposing and empirically confirming that the use of appropriate criteria to select business partners enhances the effectiveness of firms’ service delivery co-innovation and competitive advantage.Practical implications– Managers must be aware of the criteria to select their business partners, in terms of developing service delivery co-innovation.Originality/value– This study adds to the service innovation literature by providing support for the RDT that partner reliability, partner complementarity, partner expertise, and partner compatibility are important business partner selection criteria to create service delivery co-innovation and achieve firms’ competitive advantage.
The effect of organizational learning and Web 2.0 on innovation
Authors: Zeng Shouzhen , Gonzalez Joaquin , Lobato Clemente 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationships between Web 2.0 adoption, innovation, organizational learning and organizational performance in the hotel industry.Design/methodology/approach– A sample of four and five-star hotels provides the data. The fieldwork took place between February and June 2013. The questionnaire was sent to top managers of Chinese hospitality firms that provide their e-mail addresses on the main Chinese tourism web pages. The final sample comprises 278 hotels. This percentage of responses yields a sample error of 6.9 per cent for a 95 per cent confidence level. The authors followed a two-step approach for structural equation modelling, using EQS 5.7 software to conduct the tests.Findings– Results suggest that competitive advantage in the hotel industry requires firm strategies focusing on Web 2.0, innovation capacity and organizational learning. This finding contributes to the strategic management field by offering an explanation of the differences in firm performance within a particular industry. Therefore, the findings mark an important contribution to the literature, introducing a new variable that mediates the relationship between Web 2.0 and firm performance.Originality/value– The results hold that Web 2.0 adoption is crucial for enhancing innovativeness, which is a fundamental source of sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, organizational learning also has a positive effect on innovativeness. Innovation, which is the essence of competitive advantage, is a key concept for firms nowadays.
Current status of additive manufacturing for tissue engineering scaffold
Authors: Li Yan , Li Dichen , Lu Bingheng , Gao Dajing , Zhou Jack 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to review the current status of additive manufacturing (AM) used for tissue engineering (TE) scaffold. AM processes are identified as an effective method for fabricating geometrically complex objects directly from computer models or three-dimensional digital representations. The use of AM technologies in the field of TE has grown rapidly in the past 10 years.Design/methodology/approach– The processes, materials, precision, applications of different AM technologies and their modified versions used for TE scaffold are presented. Additionally, future directions of AM used for TE scaffold are also discussed.Findings– There are two principal routes for the fabrication of scaffolds by AM: direct and indirect routes. According to the working principle, the AM technologies used for TE scaffold can be generally classified into: laser-based; nozzle-based; and hybrid. Although a number of materials and fabrication techniques have been developed, each AM technique is a process based on the unique property of the raw materials applied. The fabrication of TE scaffolds faces a variety of challenges, such as expanding the range of materials, improving precision and adapting to complex scaffold structures.Originality/value– This review presents the latest research regarding AM used for TE scaffold. The information available in this paper helps researchers, scholars and graduate students to get a quick overview on the recent research of AM used for TE scaffold and identify new research directions for AM in TE.
On design for additive manufacturing: evaluating geometrical limitations
Authors: Adam Guido A. O. , Zimmer Detmar 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present Design Rules for additive manufacturing and a method for their development.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, a process-independent method for the development of Design Rules was worked out. Therefore, geometrical standard elements and attributes that characterize the elements’ shapes have been defined. Next, the standard elements have been manufactured with different attribute values with Laser Sintering, Laser Melting and Fused Deposition Modeling, and their geometrical quality was examined. From the results, Design Rules for additive manufacturing were derived and summarized in a catalogue.

Findings
– Due to the process independent method, Design Rules were developed that apply for the different considered additive manufacturing technologies equally. These Design Rules are completely function-independent and easily transferable to individual part designs.

Research limitations/implications
– The developed Design Rules can only apply for the considered boundary conditions. To extend the Design Rules’ validity, their applicability should be proven for other boundary conditions.

Practical implications
– The developed Design Rules practically support the design of technical parts. Additionally they can be used for training and teaching in the field of “design for additive manufacturing”.

Originality/value
– The developed Design Rules constitute a first step toward general Design Rules for Additive Manufacturing. Thus, they might form a suitable basis for further scientific approaches, and the Design Rules can be used to set up teaching documentations for lessons and seminars.
Increasing flowability and bulk density of PE-HD powders by a dry particle coating process and impact on LBM processes
Authors: Blümel Christina , Sachs Marius , Laumer Tobias , Winzer Bettina , Schmidt Jochen , Schmidt Michael , Peukert Wolfgang , Wirth Karl-Ernst 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the processability of cohesive PE-HD particles in laser beam melting processes (LBM) of polymers. Furthermore, we present a characterization method for polymer particles, which can predict the quality of the powder deposition via LBM processes.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study focuses on the application of dry particle coating processes to increase flowability and bulk density of PE-HD particles. Both has been measured and afterwards validated via powder deposition of PE-HD particles in a LBM machine.

Findings
– For efficient coating in a dry particle coating process, the PE-HD particles and the attached nanoparticles need to show similar surface chemistry, i.e. both need to behave either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. It is demonstrated that dry particle coating is appropriate to enhance flowability and bulk density of PE-HD particles and hence considerably improves LBM processes and the resulting product quality.

Originality/value
– At present, in LBM processes mainly polyamide (PA), 12 particles are used, which are so far quite expensive in comparison to, for example, PE-HD particles. This work provides a unique and versatile method for nanoparticulate surface modification which may be applied to a wide variety of materials. After the coating, the particles are applicable for the LBM process. Our results provide a correlation between flowability and bulk density and the resulting product quality.
Transvaginal ultrasound cervical length for prediction of spontaneous labour at term: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Saccone G , Simonetti B , Berghella V 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe possibility to predict the delivery date is a question frequently raised by pregnant women. However, a clinician has currently little to predict when a woman at term will deliver.ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) cervical length (CL) for spontaneous onset of labour in singleton gestation enrolled at term by a meta‐analysis.Search strategyWe performed a literature search in electronic databases.Selection criteriaWe included only studies assessing the accuracy of TVU CL in prediction of spontaneous onset of labour in singleton gestations with vertex presentation who were enrolled at term.Data collection and analysisThe primary outcome was the accuracy of CL for prediction of spontaneous labour within 7 days. Pooled sensitivities and specificities were calculated.Main resultsFive studies including 735 singleton gestations were included. For the prediction of spontaneous labour within 7 days for CL <30 mm the pooled sensitivity was 64% and pooled specificity was 60%. The higher the CL, the better the sensitivity; the lower the CL, the better the specificity. A woman with a singleton gestation at term and a TVU CL of 30 mm has a <50% chance of delivering within 7 days, while one with a TVU CL of 10 mm has an over 85% chance of delivery within 7 days.ConclusionsTVU CL at term has moderate value in predicting the onset of spontaneous labour. A woman with a TVU CL of 10 mm or less has a high chance of delivering within a week.Tweetable abstractCervical length at term has moderate value in predicting the onset of spontaneous labour.
Impact of Medicare Age Eligibility on Health Spending among U.S. and Foreign‐Born Adults
Authors: Tarraf Wassim , Jensen Gail A. , González Hector M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveExamine differences in health care expenditures between foreign‐born and U.S.‐born adults in late mid‐life, and how these differences change after age 65, when Medicare is near‐universal.DataMedical Expenditures Panel Survey data (2000–2010) on adults ages 55–75 years (n = 46,132) to examine annual total and payer‐specific expenditures.Study DesignWe use (1) propensity score matching to generate quasi‐experimental samples with equivalent health needs and health care preferences, (2) generalized linear modeling to estimate group differences in expenditures, and (3) bootstrapping methods to obtain variance estimates for significance testing.Principal FindingsAmong adults ages 55–64, the foreign‐born spend $3,314 (p < .001) less on health care, even when they have equivalent health needs and health care preferences. This difference is due mainly to lower spending through private insurance. After age 65, differences in total spending disappear but not differences in payer‐specific spending. The foreign‐born continue to spend significantly less through private insurance and begin to spend significantly more through Medicare and Medicaid.ConclusionForeign‐born adults in late mid‐life spend significantly less on health care than U.S.‐born adults. After age 65, with near‐universal Medicare coverage, differences in total spending disappear between the groups, although differences in spending by payer persist.
Nutritional quality of a selection of children's packaged food available in Australia
Authors: Meloncelli Nina J.L. , Pelly Fiona E. , Cooper Sheri L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the nutritional quality of a selection of children's packaged food products available in Australian supermarkets that were not clear discretionary choices.MethodsPackaged food products targeted towards children were purchased from three Australian regional supermarkets in July 2013. Products that made reference to a core food group ingredient on the product label or did not meet the criteria of a discretionary food were included for analysis. Two methods were used to assess the nutritional quality of the products. These methods involved the Food Standards Australia New Zealand nutrient profiling scoring criterion and a core food group method developed by the researchers. Nutrient composition and ingredients were obtained from the product labels. Products were classified as ‘healthy’ or ‘less healthy’ and the level of agreement between the two methods was compared.ResultsOf the 156 children's food products assessed, 62.2% (n = 97) were classified as ‘less healthy’ using the Food Standards Australia New Zealand nutrient profiling scoring criterion. Using the alternative core food grouping method 66.7% (n = 104) of products surveyed were classified as ‘less healthy’.ConclusionsMany children's food products available in Australian supermarkets should be considered discretionary choices.
Development of twelve novel microsatellite markers in the medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) for its strain identification and genetic analysis
Authors: Kim Kee Young , Hong In Pyo , Kang Ji Hyoun , Kim Ki‐Hwan , Kim Iksoo , Lee Hyuk Je 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCordyceps militaris (a caterpillar fungus), which belongs to the class Ascomycetes, has extensively been used for medicinal purposes in East Asia. Here, we isolated and characterized 12 microsatellite loci from the medicinal mushroom, C. militaris. Twenty‐nine individual samples were taken from a single locality in southwestern Korea and used to characterize the developed markers. The number of alleles of these loci ranged from two to 13 (mean allelic richness = 6.44). Observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity in the population ranged from 0.035 to 0.880 and from 0.035 to 0.886, respectively. Five of 12 loci significantly deviated from Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium, most likely due to heterozygote deficiency caused by inbreeding. Tests of genotypic linkage disequilibrium between the 12 loci showed no significant association of alleles. These microsatellite markers will provide valuable tools for genetic analyses for the strain identification of C. militaris as well as for its resource conservation.
Impact of socioeconomic status on mortality and unplanned readmission in septic intensive care unit patients
Authors: Schnegelsberg A. , Mackenhauer J. , Nibro H. L. , Dreyer P. , Koch K. , Kirkegaard H. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundLittle is known about the potential association between socioeconomic status (SES) and prognosis after sepsis. We analysed how SES impacted mortality and readmission in septic patients treated at the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital.MethodsWe performed a cohort study including all adult patients admitted to a general tertiary ICU with severe sepsis or septic shock during 2008–2010. Data on SES (educational level, personal income, and cohabitation), comorbidity, readmissions, and mortality were obtained from public registries. We used Cox regression analysis to examine the impact of SES on 30‐ and 180‐day mortality and on first unplanned readmission within 180 days after hospital discharge.ResultsA total of 387 patients were included of whom 111 (29%) died within 30 days after ICU admission, and 55 (20%) died within 180 days after hospital discharge. Adjusted for sex, comorbidity and SAPS II, patients with low income had a substantially greater risk of dying within 30 days of admission compared to those with high income (35.7% vs. 23.3%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–3.21), and tended to show higher 180‐day mortality (25.0% vs. 15.5%; adjusted HR 1.72; 95% CI 0.86–3.45). Among patients discharged from hospital, 125 (45%) were readmitted within 180 days. Patients with low education and low income showed a tendency towards early readmission.ConclusionsAmong septic ICU patients, low income was significantly associated with increased 30‐day mortality. There was a trend towards earlier readmission among surviving patients with low educational level and personal income.
Experiential Learning and Presidential Management of the U.S. Federal Bureaucracy: Logic and Evidence from Agency Leadership Appointments
Authors: Krause George A. , O'Connell Anne Joseph 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPresidents become increasingly effective at managing the bureaucracy because of the information and expertise that they acquire from on‐the‐job experience. In their appointment choices, this theory predicts that presidents become better at reducing information asymmetries incurred from the bureaucracy (Agent Selection Learning), improve the vertical balance of leadership agent traits between top supervisory positions and subordinates directly beneath them (Agent Monitoring Learning), and place a greater relative premium on loyalty in response to horizontal policy conflict between the White House and the Senate (Common Agency Learning). This logic obtains empirical support from the analysis of bureaucratic agent traits for Senate‐confirmed presidential appointees serving in leadership positions covering 39 U.S. federal government agencies from 1977 to 2009. Presidents’ appointment strategies reflect their increasing effectiveness at managing the bureaucracy, thus complementing their increasing reliance on administrative mechanisms to achieve policy objectives as their tenure in office rises.