bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of a micro‐shunt made from poly(styrene‐block‐isobutylene‐block‐styrene) to treat glaucoma
Authors: Pinchuk Leonard , Riss Isabelle , Batlle Juan F. , Kato Yasushi P. , Martin John B. , Arrieta Esdras , Palmberg Paul , Parrish Richard K. , Weber Bruce A. , Kwon Yongmoon , Parel Jean‐Marie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGlaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness with ∼70 million people worldwide who are blind from this disease. The currently practiced trabeculectomy surgery, the gold standard treatment used to stop the progression of vision loss, is rather draconian, traumatic to the patient and requires much surgical skill to perform. This article summarizes the more than 10‐year development path of a novel device called the InnFocus MicroShunt®, which is a minimally invasive glaucoma drainage micro‐tube used to shunt aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye to a flap formed under the conjunctiva and Tenon's Capsule. The safety and clinical performance of this device approaches that of trabeculectomy. The impetus to develop this device stemmed from the invention of a new biomaterial called poly(styrene‐block‐isobutylene‐block‐styrene), or “SIBS.” SIBS is ultra‐stable with virtually no foreign body reaction in the body, which manifests in the eye as clinically insignificant inflammation and capsule formation. The quest for an easier, safer, and more effective method of treating glaucoma led to the marriage of SIBS with this glaucoma drainage micro‐tube. This article summarizes the development of SIBS and the subsequent three iterations of design and four clinical trials that drove the one‐year qualified success rate of the device from 43% to 100%. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 211–221, 2017.
Intramolecular Aza‐Diels‐Alder Cyclization of a Dimerized Citral with Anilines Catalyzed by InCl3
Authors: Chen Yijang , Ramanathan Mani , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA series of aza‐polycyles containing octahydroacridine core were prepared via an intramolecular aza‐Diels‐Alder reaction of a dimerized citral with various aromatic amines. This reaction is efficiently catalyzed by InCl3 at ambient temperature to afford the corresponding cyclized products in moderate to good yields.
Alternative Representations of the Correlation Energy in Density‐Functional Theory: A Kinetic‐Energy Based Adiabatic Connection
Authors: Teale Andrew M. , Helgaker Trygve , Savin Andreas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe adiabatic‐connection framework has been widely used to explore the properties of the correlation energy in density‐functional theory. The integrand in this formula may be expressed in terms of the electron–electron interactions directly, involving intrinsically two‐particle expectation values. Alternatively, it may be expressed in terms of the kinetic energy, involving only one‐particle quantities. In this work, we explore this alternative representation for the correlation energy and highlight some of its potential for the construction of new density functional approximations. The kinetic‐energy based integrand is effective in concentrating static correlation effects to the low interaction strength regime and approaches zero asymptotically, offering interesting new possibilities for modeling the correlation energy in density‐functional theory
Design Features of Drug–Drug Interaction Trials Between Antivirals and Oral Contraceptives
Authors: Ayala Ruben C. , Arya Vikram , Younis Islam R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work was to explore the major design features of drug–drug interaction trials between antiviral medications (AVs) and oral contraceptives (OCs). Information on these trials (n = 27) was collected from approved drug labels and clinical pharmacology reviews conducted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The primary objective of all trials was to evaluate changes in OC exposure following the coadministration of AVs. In addition, an evaluation of potential pharmacodynamic interaction was performed in 10 of these trials. Twenty‐two trials were open label with a fixed‐sequence design, and 5 trials used a double‐blind crossover design. The trials were conducted using one, two, or three 28‐day ovulatory cycles in 10, 8, and 9 trials, respectively. Only 1 trial enrolled HIV‐infected women. The median number of women in a trial was 20 (range, 12 to 52). Norethindrone/ethinyl estradiol (EE) combination was the most commonly used OC (n = 16, 59%) followed by norgestimate/EE (n = 9, 33%). Labeling recommendations were based on exposure changes in 25 cases and on safety observations in the trial in 2 cases. In conclusion, a wide variety of trial designs was used, and there is no preferred design. The answer to the exposure question can be achieved using multiple designs.
Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Macitentan and a Combined Oral Contraceptive in Healthy Female Subjects
Authors: Hurst Noémie , Pellek Matthias , Dingemanse Jasper , Sidharta Patricia N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMacitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist used in pulmonary arterial hypertension, induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A at supratherapeutic concentrations in vitro. Most combined oral hormonal contraceptives (OCs) are CYP3A substrates and their efficacy can be affected by CYP3A inducers. This randomized crossover study assessed possible pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between macitentan and an OC containing ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone (or norethisterone). Twenty‐six healthy women received a single oral dose of OC alone (reference) and concomitantly with 10 mg macitentan at steady state (test). No PK interaction was concluded if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of geometric mean ratios (GMRs; test/reference) of the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and the exposure from 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) to the OC components were within the equivalence limits of 0.8 to 1.25. Cmax and AUC0–∞ of the OC were within the equivalence limits. For ethinyl estradiol, GMRs (90%CIs) of Cmax and AUC0–∞ were 0.92 (0.85–0.99) and 0.95 (0.90–0.99). For norethindrone, these values were 1.02 (0.95–1.09) and 1.04 (0.98–1.09), respectively. Overall, study treatments were well tolerated. No major changes from baseline in safety parameters were reported in either treatment. Macitentan does not affect the PK of OCs.
An experimental field evaluation of winter carryover effects in semi‐anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Midwood Jonathan D. , Larsen Martin H. , Boel Mikkel , Aarestrup Kim , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTFor semi‐anadromous brown trout, the decision whether or not to smoltify and migrate to the sea is believed to be made at the end of the preceding summer in response to both local environmental conditions and individual physiological status. Stressors experienced during the fall may therefore influence their propensity to migrate as well as carry over into the winter resulting in mortality when fish face challenging environmental conditions. To evaluate this possibility, we artificially elevated cortisol levels in juvenile trout (via intracoelomic injection of cortisol in the fall) and used passive integrated transponder tags to compare their overwinter and spring survival, growth, and migration success relative to a control group. Results suggest that overwinter mortality is high for individuals in this population regardless of treatment. However, survival rates were 2.5 times lower for cortisol‐treated fish and they experienced significantly greater loss in mass. In addition, less than half as many cortisol‐treated individuals made it downstream to a stationary antenna over the winter and also during the spring migration compared to the control treatment. These results suggest that a fall stressor can reduce overwinter survival of juvenile brown trout, negatively impact growth of individuals that survive, and ultimately result in a reduction in the number of migratory trout. Carryover effects such as those documented here reveal the cryptic manner in which natural and anthropogenic stressors can influence fish populations. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 645–654, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Updates in perioperative medicine
Authors: Dutta Suparna , Cohn Steven L. , Pfeifer Kurt J. , Slawski Barbara A. , Smetana Gerald W. , Jaffer Amir K. 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDAs our surgical population becomes older and more medically complex, knowledge of the most recent perioperative literature is necessary to optimize perioperative care. We aim to summarize and critique literature published over the past year with the highest potential to impact the clinical practice of perioperative medicine.METHODSWe reviewed articles published between January 2014 and April 2015, identified via MEDLINE search. The final 10 articles selected were determined by consensus among all authors, with criteria for inclusion including scientific rigor and relevance to perioperative medicine practice.RESULTSKey findings include: long term β‐blockade should be continued prior to surgery, routine screening with postoperative troponin is not recommended, initiation/continuation of aspirin or clonidine in the perioperative period is not beneficial and may increase adverse outcomes, preoperative diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea may reduce risk of postoperative cardiovascular complications, new pulmonary risk indices are available that accurately estimate postoperative pulmonary complications, postoperative atrial fibrillation is associated with increased long‐term stroke risk, risk scores such as the CHADS2 (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes Mellitus, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack) are superior to the Revised Cardiac Risk Index in predicting adverse postoperative outcomes for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, and utilization of bridging anticoagulation comes with a much higher risk of bleeding compared to patients who are not bridged.CONCLUSIONSThe body of literature reviewed provides important information for clinicians caring for surgical patients across multiple fronts, including preoperative risk assessment, medication management, and postoperative medical care. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:231–236. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Moderate water stress prevents the postharvest decline of ascorbic acid in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) but not in spinach beet (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Mogren Lars M , Beacham Andrew M , Reade John P H , Monaghan James M 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBabyleaf salads such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and spinach beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla var. cicla) are an important dietary source of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Such compounds may be important in disease prevention in consumers but the level of these compounds in leaves frequently declines after harvest. As such, methods to maintain antioxidant levels in fresh produce are being sought.RESULTSIrrigation deficits were used to apply water stress to S. oleracea and B. vulgaris plants. This treatment prevented postharvest decline of leaf ascorbic acid content in S. oleracea but not in B. vulgaris. Ascorbic acid levels in leaves at harvest were unaffected by the treatment in both species compared to well‐watered controls.CONCLUSIONWe have shown that restricted irrigation provides a viable means to maintain leaf vitamin content after harvest in S. oleracea, an important finding for producers, retailers and consumers alike. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of a stable humic–urease complex: application to barley seed encapsulation for improving N uptake
Authors: Mvila Beaufray G , Pilar‐Izquierdo María C , Busto María D , Perez‐Mateos Manuel , Ortega Natividad 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost N fertilizers added to soil are not efficiently used by plants and are lost to the atmosphere or leached from the soil, causing environmental pollution and increasing cost. Barley seed encapsulation in calcium alginate gels containing free or immobilized urease to enhance plant utilization of soil N was investigated.RESULTSUrease was immobilized with soil humic acids (HA). A central composite face‐centered design was applied to optimize the immobilization process, reaching an immobilization yield of 127%. Soil stability of urease was enhanced after the immobilization. Seed encapsulation with free urease (FU) and humic–urease complex (HUC) resulted in a urease activity retention in the coating layer of 46% and 24%, and in germination rates of 87% and 92%, respectively. Under pot culture conditions, the pots planted with seeds encapsulated withFUandHUCshowed higher ammonium N (NH4+‐N) (26% and 64%, respectively) than the control soil at 28 days after planting (DAP). Moreover, the seed encapsulation withFUandHUCincreased the N uptake 83% and 97%, respectively, at 35DAP.CONCLUSIONSeed encapsulation with urease could substantially contribute to enhancing plant N nutrition in the early stages of seedling establishment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Pheochromocytoma diagnosed pathologically with previous negative serum markers
Authors: Heavner Matthew G. , Krane Louis S. , Winters Shira M. , Mirzazadeh Majid 
Published: September 2015

Background and objectivesPatients presenting with adrenal masses require workup with catecholamine or metabolite measurements to rule out pheochromocytoma. There is a select portion of patients with marker negative pheochromocytoma. The aim of this study is to compare patient characteristics and presentations between marker positive and marker negative tumors.MethodsWe performed an IRB‐approved retrospective chart review of 88 cases of pheochromocytoma excised at our institution from 1995 to 2013. We considered any abnormal elevation in diagnostic test to be marker‐positive.ResultsSeventy‐eight cases had laboratory results available. Among these, seven had no elevations in laboratory testing. There was no difference in age or tumor size, but marker‐negative patients had higher BMI than marker‐positive patients. Marker negative patients were more likely to present with vertigo/dizziness (P = 0.003). Neither was more likely to have a genetic syndrome associated with risk of pheochromocytoma.ConclusionsMarker‐negative pheochromocytoma is uncommon, representing 9% of cases in our series. Of patients with adrenal masses or presentation suggesting catecholamine excess with normal labs, those with vertigo/dizziness may warrant a metaiodobenzylguanidine scan or repeat testing to avoid missing pheochromocytoma. Clinicians may need a high degree of suspicion for pheochromocytoma in patients with negative testing and elevated BMI. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:492–495. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Northern bobwhite abundance in relation to precipitation and landscape structure
Authors: Parent Chad J. , Hernández Fidel , Brennan Leonard A. , Wester David B. , Bryant Fred C. , Schnupp Matthew J. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) populations have declined across their range. The decline is associated with broad‐scale losses of their habitats. Additionally, the presence of essential, structural features provided by vegetation in the remaining habitats is contingent on variable spatial and temporal trends in precipitation. This complicates the management of the bobwhite's habitats. We modeled counts of bobwhite coveys as a function of landscape structure and precipitation covariates from arid landscapes in southern Texas. Our results indicated that numbers of coveys in landscapes with greater amounts of woody cover were predicted to be highly independent of precipitation. This has important management implications because certain landscape structures associated with woody cover buffer bobwhite populations from drought. To facilitate management based on our results, we mapped our model predictions for covey counts. This allows managers to spatially prioritize where management interventions need to occur, and evaluate the potential efficacy for these interventions to create positive bobwhite population responses. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Rapid growth and concerted sexual transitions by a bloom of the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Brosnahan Michael L. , Velo‐Suárez Lourdes , Ralston David K. , Fox Sophia E. , Sehein Taylor R. , Shalapyonok Alexi , Sosik Heidi M. , Olson Robert J. , Anderson Donald M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTransitions between life cycle stages by the harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense are critical for the initiation and termination of its blooms. To quantify these transitions in a single population, an Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB), was deployed in Salt Pond (Eastham, Massachusetts), a small, tidally flushed kettle pond that hosts near annual, localized A. fundyense blooms. Machine‐based image classifiers differentiating A. fundyense life cycle stages were developed and results were compared to manually corrected IFCB samples, manual microscopy‐based estimates of A. fundyense abundance, previously published data describing prevalence of the parasite Amoebophrya, and a continuous culture of A. fundyense infected with Amoebophrya. In Salt Pond, a development phase of sustained vegetative division lasted approximately 3 weeks and was followed by a rapid and near complete conversion to small, gamete cells. The gametic period (∼3 d) coincided with a spike in the frequency of fusing gametes (up to 5% of A. fundyense images) and was followed by a zygotic phase (∼4 d) during which cell sizes returned to their normal range but cell division and diel vertical migration ceased. Cell division during bloom development was strongly phased, enabling estimation of daily rates of division, which were more than twice those predicted from batch cultures grown at similar temperatures in replete medium. Data from the Salt Pond deployment provide the first continuous record of an A. fundyense population through its complete bloom cycle and demonstrate growth and sexual induction rates much higher than are typically observed in culture.
Improving estimates of ecosystem metabolism by reducing effects of tidal advection on dissolved oxygen time series
Authors: Beck Marcus W. , Hagy James D. , Murrell Michael C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn aquatic systems, time series of dissolved oxygen (DO) have been used to compute estimates of ecosystem metabolism. Central to this open‐water method is the assumption that the DO time series is a Lagrangian specification of the flow field. However, most DO time series are collected at fixed locations, such that changes in DO are assumed to reflect metabolism and that effects of advection or mixing are negligible. A weighted regression model was applied to remove variability in DO time series from tides, thereby helping to partially relax this assumption and improve metabolism estimates. The method offers a distinct advantage over traditional deconvulution methods by targeting the periodicity of the tidal component while preserving the true biological signal. The model was first applied to simulated DO time series with specified biological and physical characteristics, and then applied to 1 yr of continuous monitoring data from four stations within the National Estuarine Research Reserve System. The correlation of DO and metabolism estimates with tides was greatly reduced after using weighted regression. The model was especially effective when the magnitude of tidal influence was high and correlations between tidal change and the solar cycle were low at the time scales of interest. The model was less robust when tides and the solar cycle were correlated for protracted periods. By reducing the effects of physical transport on metabolism estimates, there may be increased potential to empirically relate metabolic rates to causal factors on timescales of several days to several weeks.
Ramped hybrid encoding for improved ultrashort echo time imaging
Authors: Jang Hyungseok , Wiens Curtis N. , McMillan Alan B. 
Published: September 2015

PurposeWe propose a new acquisition to minimize the per‐excitation encoding duration and improve the imaging capability for short T2* species.MethodsIn the proposed ramped hybrid encoding (RHE) technique, gradients are applied before the radiofrequency (RF) pulse as in pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) and zero echo time (ZTE) imaging. However, in RHE, gradients are rapidly ramped after RF excitation to the maximum amplitude to minimize encoding duration. To acquire central k‐space data not measured during RF deadtime, RHE uses a hybrid encoding scheme similar to PETRA. A new gradient calibration method based on single‐point imaging was developed to estimate the k‐space trajectory and enable robust and high quality reconstruction.ResultsRHE enables a shorter per‐excitation encoding time and provides the highest spatial resolution among ultrashort T2* imaging methods. In phantom and in vivo experiments, RHE exhibited robust imaging with negligible chemical shift or blurriness caused by T2* decay and unwanted slice selection.ConclusionRHE allows the shortest per‐excitation encoding time for ultrashort T2* imaging, which alleviates the impact of fast T2* decay occurring during encoding, and enables improved spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med 76:814–825, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acceptability and pilot efficacy trial of a web‐based breast reconstruction decision support aid for women considering mastectomy
Authors: Manne Sharon L. , Topham Neal , D'Agostino Thomas A. , Myers Virtue Shannon , Kirstein Laurie , Brill Kristin , Manning Cheryl , Grana Generosa , Schwartz Marc D. , Ohman‐Strickland Pamela 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe study aim was to test the acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a novel interactive web‐based breast reconstruction decision support aid (BRAID) for newly diagnosed breast cancer patients considering mastectomy.MethodsFifty‐five women considering mastectomy were randomly assigned to receive the BRAID versus the Cancer Support Community's Frankly Speaking About Cancer: Breast Reconstruction pamphlet. Participants completed measures of breast reconstruction (BR) knowledge, preparation to make a decision, decisional conflict, anxiety, and BR intentions before randomization and 2 weeks later.ResultsIn terms of acceptability, enrollment into the study was satisfactory, but the rate of return for follow‐up surveys was lower among BRAID participants than pamphlet participants. Both interventions were evaluated favorably in terms of their value in facilitating the BR decision, and the majority of participants completing the follow‐up reported viewing the materials. In terms of preliminary efficacy, both interventions resulted in significant increases in BR knowledge and completeness and satisfaction with preparation to make a BR decision, and both interventions resulted in a significant reduction in decision conflict. However, there were no differences between interventions.ConclusionA widely available free pamphlet and a web‐based customized decision aid were highly utilized. The pamphlet was as effective in educating women about BR and prepared women equally as well to make the BR decision as compared with a more costly, customized web‐based decision support aid. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.