bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescents in provisional reception: investigative analysis about the vulnerability to HIV
Authors: Cavalcanti Lilian Joane , Da Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo , Nelson Ana Raquel Cortês , Holanda Jose Rebberty Rodrigo , Prado Nanete Caroline da Costa , Costa Mayara Mirna do Nascimento 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjective: To Investigate the vulnerability of teenagers in foster provisional HIV. Method: A descriptive study and exploratory qualitative way. Study participants were the street teenagers, attendees of the Casa de Passagem III, in Natal City, of state Rio Grande do Norte. With the technique of Focus Group (FG), Results: The topics were addressed in relation to knowledge about HIV/AIDS; self-protectio and responsibility on sexuality; sexual behaviors and values; and the institution's contribution in protecting against HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: The teenagers perceptions about HIV vulnerabilities, reflect others social problems, demonstrating the want to intervene based on multiple ways, principally, highlighting the social needs of these teenagers. Descriptors: Vulnerability, Teens, HIV. RESUMOObjetivo: Analisar as percepções dos adolescentes em acolhimento provisório quanto a sua a vulnerabilidade ao HIV. Métodos: Estudo descritivo e exploratório de natureza qualitativa. Realizado com adolescentes institucionalizados na Casa de Passagem III localizada em Natal, no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Mediante a técnica do Grupo Focal (GF) Resultados: Foram abordados elementos em relação aos conhecimentos sobre HIV/Aids; auto-proteção e responsabilização na esfera sexual; comportamentos e valores; e contribuição da instituição na prevenção ao HIV/Aids. Conclusão: As percepções dos adolescentes em relação à vulnerabilidade ao HIV refletem outros problemas sociais, evidenciando a necessidade da intervenção baseada em múltipla direção, principalmente, em resposta a necessidades sociais desses adolescentes. Descritores: Vulnerabilidade, Adolescentes, HIV. RESUMENObjetivo: Analizar las percepciones de los adolescentes en acogida provisionales como su vulnerabilidad al VIH. Métodos: Un carácter descriptivo, exploratorio y cualitativo. En el estudio, los adolescentes con una historia de la vida en la calle, institucionalizado en la Casa de Passagem III ubicado en Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. A través de la técnica del Grupo Focal (GF). Resultados: Tras examinar los elementos en relación con los conocimientos sobre el VIH/SIDA, la autoprotección y la responsabilidad en la esfera sexual, comportamientos y valores, y la contribución de la institución en la prevención del VIH/SIDA. Conclusión: Las percepciones de los adolescentes en relación con la vulnerabilidad al VIH reflejan otros problemas sociales, destacando la necesidad de una intervención basada en la dirección múltiple, sobre todo en respuesta a las necesidades sociales de los adolescentes. Descriptores: Vulnerabilidad, Adolescentes, VIH.
Gradation of complexity and predictability of hydrological processes
Authors: Sang Yan‐Fang , Singh Vijay P. , Wen Jun , Liu Changming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuantification of the complexity and predictability of hydrological systems is important for evaluating the impact of climate change on hydrological processes, and for guiding water activities. In the literature, the focus seems to have been on describing the complexity of spatiotemporal distribution of hydrological variables, but little attention has been paid to the study of complexity gradation, because the degree of absolute complexity of hydrological systems cannot be objectively evaluated. Here we show that complexity and predictability of hydrological processes can be graded into three ranks (low, middle, and high). The gradation is based on the difference in the energy distribution of hydrological series and that of white noise under multitemporal scales. It reflects different energy concentration levels and contents of deterministic components of the hydrological series in the three ranks. Higher energy concentration level reflects lower complexity and higher predictability, but scattered energy distribution being similar to white noise has the highest complexity and is almost unpredictable. We conclude that the three ranks (low, middle, and high) approximately correspond to deterministic, stochastic, and random hydrological systems, respectively. The result of complexity gradation can guide hydrological observations and modeling, and identification of similarity patterns among different hydrological systems.
Comparative analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate models for simulating the daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures and daily precipitation over China
Authors: Sun Qiaohong , Miao Chiyuan , Duan Qingyun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study assesses the simulations of the daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures and daily precipitation over China during the period 1990–1999, based on phase 3 and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5). Fourteen CMIP3 models and 14 CMIP5 models were investigated over eight regions across China. Skill scores quantifying the match between the simulated and observed probability density functions (PDFs) were applied to evaluate the performance of the models. For daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures, the results revealed that CMIP3 and CMIP5 models captured the basic pattern of the observed PDFs in all regions. However, the probabilities at lower values were overestimated in most models. In all regions except the west of Northwest China (region 7), all CMIP5 models captured more than 80% of the observed PDFs. Compared with performance at the annual time scale, the models tended to perform relatively worse over the period June to August. The performances of the CMIP5 and CMIP3 models were not as good for daily precipitation as for daily temperature, and the skill scores for precipitation were generally lower than 0.7 in all regions. The amount of drizzle (daily precipitation < 5 mm) was overestimated notably in all regions. The amount of very heavy precipitation (daily precipitation ≥ 20 mm) tended to be underestimated in humid regions but overestimated in arid regions. Compared with CMIP3, CMIP5 models showed some improvements in the simulation of daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures, but there was a lack of apparent improvement for simulation of daily precipitation.
Growth and Quantification of MERS‐CoV Infection
Authors: Coleman Christopher M. , Frieman Matthew B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) is an emerging highly pathogenic respiratory virus. Although MERS‐CoV only emerged in 2012, we and others have developed assays to grow and quantify infectious MERS‐CoV and RNA products of replication in vitro. MERS‐CoV is able to infect a range of cell types, but replicates to high titers in Vero E6 cells. Protocols for the propagation and quantification of MERS‐CoV are presented. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictive factors of subjective outcomes after septoplasty with and without turbinoplasty: can individual perceptual differences of the air passage be a main factor?
Authors: Hong Sang Duk , Lee Nak‐Joon , Cho Hyun‐Jin , Jang Min‐Seok , Jung Tae Young , Kim Hyo Yeol , Chung Seung‐Kyu , Dhong Hun‐Jong 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAlthough septoplasty provides adequate correction of septal deviation, patients are not always satisfied with the procedure. The degree of satisfaction after septal surgery may be affected by individual differences in the perception of one's nasal passage changes and emotional factors. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive factors that influence subjective septoplasty outcomes.MethodsForty‐nine patients with septal deviation and nasal obstruction were enrolled. Forty‐three patients completed the study 3 months after surgery. Age, gender, allergies, smoking, and degree of septal deviation were evaluated. The differences in the visual analogue scale for nasal obstruction and nasal volume measured by acoustic rhinometry between pre‐decongestant and post‐decongestant states were analyzed. A stress questionnaire (SQ) and Beck's depression index (BDI) were also used to evaluate the emotional factors. Subjective satisfaction was evaluated as the difference in nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scores between baseline and 3 months postoperation.ResultsSubjective satisfaction was not related to individual perceptual differences in nasal passage changes, depression index, age, gender, allergy status, smoking, or degree of septal deviation (p > 0.05 in all; univariate analysis). The baseline SQ and NOSE scores were significant predictive factors in univariate analysis. However, on multiple regression, only the baseline NOSE scores were related to subjective satisfaction after septoplasty.ConclusionIndividual perceptual differences of air passage changes and emotional factors do not predict subjective symptom improvement after septoplasty. Baseline symptoms were the only predictive factor for patient satisfaction after septoplasty.
Skeletal Rearrangement of O‐Propargylic Formaldoximes by a Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Intermolecular Methylene Transfer Sequence
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Gima Shinya , Kudo Yu , Terada Masahiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSkeletal rearrangement of O‐propargylic formaldoximes, in the presence of gold catalysts, afforded 4‐methylene‐2‐isoxazolines in good to excellent yields by an intermolecular methylene transfer. In addition, the cascade reaction with maleimide in the presence of a gold catalyst afforded isoxazole derivatives by cyclization/methylene transfer and a subsequent ene reaction, whereas that using a copper catalyst gave oxazepines through a 2,3‐rearrangement.
Unraveling the Electronic Structure, Spin States, Optical and Vibrational Spectra of Malaria Pigment
Authors: Ali Md. Ehesan , Oppeneer Peter M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA detailed knowledge of the electronic structure and magnetic and optical properties of hemozoin, the malaria pigment, is essential for the design of effective antimalarial drugs and malarial diagnosis. By employing state‐of‐the‐art electronic structure calculations, we have performed an in‐depth investigation of the malaria pigment. Specifically, molecular bond lengths and spin states of the two FeIII heme centers and their exchange interaction, the UV/Vis absorption spectrum, and the IR vibrational spectra were calculated and compared with available experimental data. Our density functional theory (DFT)‐based calculations predict a singlet ground spin state that stems from an S=5/2 spin state on each of the Fe heme centers with a very weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between them. Our theoretical UV/Vis and IR spectra provide explanations for various spectroscopic studies of hemozoin and β‐hematin (a synthetic analogue of hemozoin). A good comparison of calculated and measured properties demonstrates the convincing unveiling of the electronic structure of the malaria pigment. Based on the predicted vibrational spectra, we propose a unique spectral band from the nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) results that could be used as a key fingerprint for malarial detection.
A Lithium‐Ion Battery based on an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte, Tin–Carbon Nanostructured Anode, and Li2O–ZrO2‐Coated Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05]O2 Cathode
Authors: Agostini Marco , Ulissi Ulderico , Di Lecce Daniele , Ahiara Yuichi , Ito Seitaro , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study describes the characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery employing an ionic liquid (IL)‐based electrolyte, a Li2O–ZrO2‐coated Li[Ni0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2] cathode, and a nanostructured tin–carbon (Sn–C) composite anode. The structure and morphology of the cathode and anode materials were studied using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The properties of the IL‐based electrolyte were studied in terms of conductivity, lithium‐ion transport, electrochemical and thermal stability by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, voltammetry, and thermogravimetry. The battery, based on a lithium intercalation/de‐intercalation process at the cathode and a lithium alloying/de‐alloying process at the anode, showed a stable capacity of 100 mAh g−1 evolving at approximately 3.3 V. The cell configuration proposed here is expected to have high safety due to the nonflammability of the IL‐based electrolyte.
An in vitro study on the biocompatibility of WE magnesium alloys
Authors: Ge Shuping , Wang Yi , Tian Jie , Lei Daoxi , Yu Qingsong , Wang Guixue 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMagnesium alloys are being actively studied for intravascular stent applications because of their good mechanical strength and biocompatibility. To rule out the high allergenicity of nickel and neurotoxicity of aluminum element, four kinds of WE magnesium alloys (where “W” represents the metallic element Y and “E” represents mixed rare earth (RE) elements; Y: 2.5, 5.0, 6.5, and 7.5 wt %; Nd: 1.0, 2.6, 2.5, and 4.2 wt %; Zr: 0.8 wt %) were chosen for in vitro investigation of their biocompatibility using cell culture. The results showed that, with the increase of rare earth elements in WE magnesium alloys, fibrinogen adsorption decreased and coagulation function was improved. It was also found that WE magnesium alloys promoted the adhesion of endothelial cells. With the increase of adhesion time, adhered cell numbers increased gradually. With 25% extracts, all the WE alloys promoted cell migration, while 100% extracts were not conducive to cell migration. Based on the above results, WE magnesium alloys 5.0WE (5.0Y‐2.6Nd‐0.8Zr) and 6.5WE (6.5Y‐2.5Nd‐0.8Zr) have better biocompatibility as compared with that with 2.5WE (2.5Y‐1.0Nd‐0.8Zr) and 7.5WE (7.5Y‐4.2Nd‐0.8Zr), and could be as the promising candidate materials for medical stent applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 482–487, 2016.
The role of substrate topography on the cellular uptake of nanoparticles
Authors: Huang Changjin , Ozdemir Tugba , Xu Li‐Chong , Butler Peter J. , Siedlecki Christopher A. , Brown Justin L. , Zhang Sulin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractImproving targeting efficacy has been a central focus of the studies on nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug delivery nanocarriers over the past decades. As cells actively sense and respond to the local physical environments, not only the NP design (e.g., size, shape, ligand density, etc.) but also the cell mechanics (e.g., stiffness, spreading, expressed receptors, etc.) affect the cellular uptake efficiency. While much work has been done to elucidate the roles of NP design for cells seeded on a flat tissue culture surface, how the local physical environments of cells mediate uptake of NPs remains unexplored, despite the widely known effect of local physical environments on cellular responses in vitro and disease states in vivo. Here, we report the active responses of human osteosarcoma cells to fibrous substrate topographies and the subsequent changes in the cellular uptake of NPs. Our experiments demonstrate that surface topography modulates cellular uptake efficacy by mediating cell spreading and membrane mechanics. The findings provide a concrete example of the regulative role of the physical environments of cells on cellular uptake of NPs, therefore advancing the rational design of NPs for enhanced drug delivery in targeted cancer therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 488–495, 2016.
Influence of different surface modification treatments on silk biotextiles for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Ribeiro Viviana P. , Almeida Lília R. , Martins Ana R. , Pashkuleva Iva , Marques Alexandra P. , Ribeiro Ana S. , Silva Carla J. , Bonifácio Graça , Sousa Rui A. , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira Ana L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBiotextile structures from silk fibroin have demonstrated to be particularly interesting for tissue engineering (TE) applications due to their high mechanical strength, interconnectivity, porosity, and ability to degrade under physiological conditions. In this work, we described several surface treatments of knitted silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, ultraviolet radiation exposure in an ozone atmosphere (UV/O3) and oxygen (O2) plasma treatment followed by acrylic acid (AAc), vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA), and vinyl sulfonic acid (VSA) immersion. The effect of these treatments on the mechanical properties of the textile constructs was evaluated by tensile tests in dry and hydrated states. Surface properties such as morphology, topography, wettability and elemental composition were also affected by the applied treatments. The in vitro biological behavior of L929 fibroblasts revealed that cells were able to adhere and spread both on the untreated and surface‐modified textile constructs. The applied treatments had different effects on the scaffolds' surface properties, confirming that these modifications can be considered as useful techniques to modulate the surface of biomaterials according to the targeted application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 496–507, 2016.
Magnesium‐containing layered double hydroxides as orthopaedic implant coating materials—An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Weizbauer Andreas , Kieke Marc , Rahim Muhammad Imran , Angrisani Gian Luigi , Willbold Elmar , Diekmann Julia , Flörkemeier Thilo , Windhagen Henning , Müller Peter Paul , Behrens Peter , Budde Stefan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe total hip arthroplasty is one of the most common artificial joint replacement procedures. Several different surface coatings have been shown to improve implant fixation by facilitating bone ingrowth and consequently enhancing the longevity of uncemented orthopaedic hip prostheses. In the present study, two different layered double hydroxides (LDHs), Mg‐Fe‐ and Mg‐Al‐LDH, were investigated as potential magnesium (Mg)‐containing coating materials for orthopaedic applications in comparison to Mg hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). In vitro direct cell compatibility tests were carried out using the murine fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 and the mouse osteosarcoma cell line MG 63. The host response of bone tissue was evaluated in in vivo experiments with nine rabbits. Two cylindrical pellets (3 × 3 mm) were implanted into each femoral condyle of the left hind leg. The samples were analyzed histologically and with μ‐computed tomography (μ‐CT) 6 weeks after surgery. An in vitro cytotoxicity test determined that more cells grew on the LDH pellets than on the Mg(OH)2‐pellets. The pH value and the Mg2+ content of the cell culture media were increased after incubation of the cells on the degradable samples. The in vivo tests demonstrated the formation of fibrous capsules around Mg(OH)2 and Mg‐Fe‐LDH. In contrast, the host response of the Mg‐Al‐LDH samples indicated that this Mg‐containing biomaterial is a potential candidate for implant coating. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 525–531, 2016.
Application of Analytic Continuations to Avoided Crossings
Authors: Yu Louis , Chao Jeng Shiow‐Yau 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe two‐root (i,j,k) generalized Padé approximation (GPA) and three‐root (i,j,k,l) GPA as well as the two‐root continued fraction approximation (CFA) and the three‐root CFA are applied to the model of a three‐state avoided crossing. These two procedures for analytic continuation are compared. The results indicate that both methods provide good continuation into the complex plane and can be applied to locate the complex branch point. When the same input data are chosen, the GPA works slightly better than the CFA. According to our analysis, the two‐root procedure can be applied to locate the branch point around each region of avoided crossing in the problem of a multi‐state avoided crossing. The accuracy of the result is found to be associated the location of complex branch point.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Frans‐(E)‐N‐{2‐[4‐(3,4‐Dichlorophenyl)but‐2‐En‐2‐Yl]Cyclohexyl}Pyrrolidine as an Alkene Mimetic of the Arylacetamide Analgesics
Authors: Cheng Chen‐Yu , Liou Bang‐I , Jih Shiaw‐Tsyr 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiethylaluminum trimethylsilylacctylide reacted stereospecifically with the mesylate of trans‐2‐(N‐ pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexanol (2) to give trans‐N‐[2‐(trimethylsilylacetylcnyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine (3). The trimethylsilyl group in 3 was displaced with a 3,4‐dichlorobenzoyl group to give ynone 4, which then underwent 1,4‐addition with lithium dimethylcuprate to give trans enone 6 and its cis isomer 5 in a ratio 5:1. Reduction of the enones with NaBHVCeCl3 resulted in cis and trans allylic alcohols 9 and 10. Both 9 and 10 were successfully deoxygenated with Znl2‐NaCNBH3 reducing system to give trans‐(E)‐N‐{2‐[4‐(3,4‐ dichlorophenyl)bul‐2‐en‐2‐yl]cyclohexyl}pyrrolidine (11) as the onty product. Olefin 11, a carbon‐carbon double bond isostere of the prototypek‐selective opioid analgesic U‐50488, showed a 103 fold reduction in K‐affinity (Kik = 1.6 × 104 nM vs 15 nM for U‐50488).
Syntheses of 1,2‐Dtpalmitoyl‐Sn‐Glycero‐3‐Phospho‐1′‐myoinositol and 1,2‐Dipalmitoyl‐Sn‐Glycero‐3‐Phosphorothio‐1′‐myoinositol
Authors: Lin Gialih , Liu Shih‐Huang , Wu Fang‐Chen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA convenient route to prepare of 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐1′‐myo‐inositol and its phosphorothioate analogue, 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphorothio‐1′‐myo‐inositol, is described.
Anaphaloside, a New Acyl Flavonoid Glycoside from the Flowers of Anaphalis Contorts Hooker
Authors: Lin Jer‐Huei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new acyl flavonoid glycoside, anaphaloside, together with isoquercitrin and astragalin have been isolated from the flowers of Anaphalis contorta HOOKER. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.
Evaluation of Vibrational Energies by Means of Neural Networks
Authors: Tseng Shiuh‐Ping , Chung Chung‐Ting , Yu Chin‐Hui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA program for neural networks was developed to evaluate many vibrational energies of harmonic oscillators, Morse oscillators and diatomic molecules. The tests of all the vibrational levels of SiH (A state) and HF (B state) with vmax equal to 8 and 31, respectively, yielded results in excellent agreement with semi‐empirical Morse results. The program was also applied to the three vibrational modes of H2O accurately.
Applications of On‐Line SFE/SFC in Environmental Analysis
Authors: Lin Chi‐Tung , Day Chih‐Ping , Kuei Chun‐Hsiung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated Pesticides (OCPs) on different absorbents were extracted and analyzed by a directly coupled supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography system (on‐line SFE/SFC). The influence of various absorbents as sample matrixes on extraction efficiencies was evaluated. In general, the extraction efficiencies were decreased if a matrix had a larger surface area and a smaller pore size. The recoveries of PAHs and PCBs were decreased in inverse proportion to their molar mass. Recoveries of OCPs containing epoxy functional groups were greater than for OCPs lacking this functional group. In conclusion, online SFE/SFC is a rapid (1‐2 h) and high recovery (70%‐100%) analytical technique.
Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons Using Sep‐Pak Cartridges and Gas Chromatography
Authors: Lu Chung‐Shin , Huang Shang‐Da 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMethods are described for the determination of chlorinated hydrocarbons at levels of parts per billion in water and nonaqueous environmental samples by gas chromatography with electron‐capture detection. C18, Florisil, alumina N and silica Sep‐Pak cartridges were compared to evaluate their cleanup ability. The accuracy of the results of this analytical technique was proved by the analysis of a certified reference material (lake sediment EC‐2).