bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Η «επιβουλή» του Ρωμανού Βοΐλα. Μία μορφή πρόληψης συνωμοσίας στα μέσα του 11ου αιώνα
Authors: ΧΟΝΔΡΙΔΟΥ Σταυρούλα 
Published: November 2014

<p>Stauroula Hondridou</p><p>The plot of Romanus Boïlas: A Type of Concpiracy Prevention in the Mid-Eleventh Century</p><p> </p><p>Conspiracy was not rare during the long-lived history of Byzantium. Accordingly, the plot of Romanus Boïlas against Constantine IX Monomachos, in the middle of the 11th century, would not have been of great interest, if the way by which the Byzantine emperor handled it did not render it an event worth to investigate.</p><p>According to the sources, Romanus Boïlas served Monomachos' bodyguard battalions, when he acquainted the emperor. Soon, he rose in the state hierarchy and became politically powerful, a fact that enabled him to conspire against the throne. His plot was revealed before his attempting to assassinate the emperor and was himself arrested. However, during the trial Monomachos tried to acquit Boïlas by claiming the offender's naiveté and honesty. After the deliberations, Monomachos honoured Boïlas with a symposium, while Boïlas abettors were arrested, tortured, deprived of their property and exiled.</p><p>Byzantine historiographers interpret Monomacho's peculiar reaction as the result of his dependency on Boïlas, whom they consider as the emperor's buffoon, although the Emperor was in his hands a weak-willed tool.</p><p>Nevertheless, the thorough examination of the sources, the investigation of the two heroes' profiles according to the point of view represented by Byzantine historiographers, and the detailed study of the political events at the time of the conspiracy, lead us to a different conclusion. Thus, Boïlas' plot is not to be seen as a hostile action targeting the central, imperial power, but rather as a means by which the imperial power attempted to control a conspiracy against itself.</p>
Byzantine war against Christians – an "emphylios polemos"?
Authors: STOURAITIS Ioannis 
Published: November 2014

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt">The Byzantine civil wars have been the subject of studies which aimed to analyze and interpret the political and military dimension of the phenomenon of armed conflicts inside the Byzantine society. The ideological aspect of civil war in Byzantium has received less attention. During my study on Byzantine war ideology, I noticed that there are some cases of Byzantine authors of the period after the 9<sup>th</sup> century that present Byzantine war against another Christian people as a civil one. Beginning with a short overview of the Byzantines’ understanding of the term <em>emphylios polemos</em> which modern researchers interpret usually with the modern term civil war, this study will concentrate on the ideological and political similarities or differences between Byzantine civil war and Byzantine war against Christian enemies.</span><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font><div><br /><div id="ftn4"><p style="margin: 0pt" class="MsoFootnoteText"> </p></div></div>
Interrelation Between Innovative Development Strategies of Higher Education Institutions and Graduates’ Quality of Education
Authors: Ермакова  , Ermakova S. 
Published: November 2014

Innovations in the educational sphere is a matter of wide talk everywhere. Yet
these discussions deal with the only issue of innovative forms of education
in the first place, especially the so-called distance learning and intersubject
communications. Also much discussed is the issue of education quality control,
while the recently adopted Law of the Russian Federation On Education has
become a subject of extensive and loud discussions. However, there is an
evident lack of examination and research on the issue of management in
education, whereas it is essential for creating a solid basis for improving the
graduates’ quality of knowledge. The good news is that the importance of
managing educational processes is already grasped, which is confirmed by
the fact that a new major course for “management in education” profession
is established. The use of such a term, as management, proves that educational
institutions are considered now as commercial organizations, just as towns
and cities in recent years are meant to be corporations and as such are
qualified as subjects of exchange relations. Accordingly, such a stance may
also be extended by analogy on educational process, which may well result
in special treatment of managing such kind of education. The author considers
the whole issue to be determined by unavoidable imperative of our time.
Enhancing Human Potential for The Benefit of Regional Economic Complex Development
Authors: Катайкина  , Kataykina N. 
Published: November 2014

The author considers the need to enhance human potential as an essential
condition for economic complex management.
Brief review of social and economic development of the Republic of Mordovia
and its role in the economic complex of Volga Federal District is provided.
Nowadays basic human needs are considered and the imperative to satisfy
them for the benefit of enhancing regional human potential is acknowledged.
Simulating the «Law of Supply» Formulation to Evaluate Its Accuracy
Authors: Юсим  , Yusim Vyacheslav 
Published: November 2014

The paper shows, why frequently occuring phenomenon of supply growth as
a consequence of price growth should not be considered a manifestation of
the Law of Supply. Further the author provides evidence, that business
companies should not base their practices on the so-called “Law of Supply”
because of its invalidity. To find out, why Economic science has adopted and
up to now continues to back and promote the concept, expressed by the Law
of Supply, the author makes an attempt to simulate the very process, through
which the Law of Supply was coined, and to reveal the real reasons of its
adoption. After investigating various ideas and hypotheses put forward by
economists to prove the Law of Supply accuracy, the paper concludes, that
the Law of Supply introduction to the domain of Economic science can be
explained by nothing else, but determination of he, who has formulated the
Law, to provide relevant arguments explaining the phenomenon of market
economy equilibrium, notwithstanding the inconsistency of the Law itself with
real-world practice.
System of Family Values: Aspects of Scientific Research
Authors: Хватова  , Khvatova M. 
Published: December 2014

The article is dedicated to scientific research aspects of
family values system. Approaches essential to consider when dealing
with axiology: philosophical, theoretical and empirical are
highlighted and their composite application in studying are accentuated.
A short classification of family values is presented. It is
concluded that basic values going from our history and culture
which have been preserved and protected by not one generation
allow to define our Russian identity and there up on to develop
Russian family institute. One should see values specifically rather
than abstractly regarding modern factors influence. Within valuable
family model formation it gives an opportunity to understand and
consider socio-ethical changes in the content of family values which
are characteristic to a specific stage of family institute development.
Furthermore it helps determine mechanisms and ways of necessary
valuable relations and orientations development primarily among
adults.
Historical and cultural bases of formation of the tourist brand «Izhevsk — the forging arms capital of Russia»
Authors: Баталова Лариса , Batalova Larisa , Мерзлякова Галина , Merzlyakova Galina , Оконникова Татьяна , Okonnikova Tatyana 
Published: November 2014

This article is devoted to the analysis of historical-cultural conditions, which contributed to the development of the tourist brand «Izhevsk — the forging arms capital of Russia». It looks at the history of arms production in Izhevsk, which is two centuries old and dates back to 1807, when the f rst ordnance plant was built. It is shown, that Izhevsk was one of the major centers of f re arms and cold steel production already in pre-Soviet Russia. In Soviet times, after the reconstruction in the 1930s, the production scale expanded signif cantly. During the Great Patriotic War, when defense plants from the west of Russia, had been
evacuated to Izhevsk, the city actually became the «forging arms capital of Russia». In post-war period Izhevsk machine-building plant became the center for production of the legendary AK-47 and other types of small arms, and also sporting and hunting guns.
In 2013 the Kalashnikov Concern was founded on the base of the research-and-production association Izhevsk machine-building plant. Legendary design engineer M.T. Kalashnikov made an invaluable contribution to the development of arms production traditions in Izhevsk, having made Izhevsk guns world famous. The article looks at historical and modern objects, that are of great tourist importance, and which characterize Izhevsk as the forging arms capital. These objects are: the main building of Izhevsk ordnance plant, the monument to Deryabin (the founder of Izhevsk ordnance plant), Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the Arsenal Building, the Izmash plant museum, the Kalashnikov Museum — Exhibition Complex of small arms. It is shown, that the brand «Izhevsk — the forging arms capital of Russia» has high potential to promote Izhevsk as a tourist region on both Russian and International levels.
Historical reconstruction as a basis for the formation of a new tourist product
Authors: Драчева Е. , Dracheva E. 
Published: November 2014

Historic reenactment and it’s case — military-historic reenactment are def ned in the article. Historic reenactment сan be def ned as an educational activity, a hobby or an activity for amusement, leisure or as a reproduction of the material and spiritual culture of a particular epoch and also may have scientif c purposes. Historic reenactment is particularly overviewed . Live history and historic tournaments (buhurts) are emphasized in the article.
Further in the article it is said about the process of preparation and organization of historic
reenactments, the whole industry has been formed in this sphere.
Historic reenactments are retrospectively overviewed from ancient times through middle ages to modern times when the f rst clubs dealing with them appeared.
Also directions of historic reenactments are shown here: Roman empire, Middle ages, Napoleon wars, Religious festivals, World War I, World War II.
Numerous examples of historic reenactments in Russia are depicted as well as their impact on the development of event-tourism and theme-tourism. Particular features and f nancial aspects of historic reenactments carried out in Moscow are spoken about. The growing role of historic reenactments in the development of event-tourism in Moscow is described, particularly the military-historic festival “Times and epochs” is spoken about. Financial aspects of historic reenactments in Moscow are viewed upon.
History of optics on materials of collections Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography named after Peter the Great (Kunstkamera).
Authors: Лупанова Евгения , Lupanova Evgeniya 
Published: November 2014

Collections of Peter the Great’s Museum for Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) represent unique combination of ethnic collections from dif erent countries of the world and historical monuments of Russian science, early period of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Expositions and funds of the museum permanently attract the attention of specialists in dif erent f elds. One of topics that can be learned on the basis of our museum is history of optics. The collections provide opportunities to study the simplest optical devices in Eastern traditional cultures. Collections provide the opportunity to study usage of mirrors, clear
crystals (which were believed to possess magic power) in traditional cultures as well as the process of transformation of stored for ages celestial observations into a basis for further forming of scientif c knowledge. The interest of European scholars to Oriental countries in the 18th century was not just interest to exotic, but also interest to the stored experience of observations.
The expositions «М.V. Lomonosov and Academy of Sciences in the 18th century» and «First Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences», as well as the funds of the department of the history of the Kunstlkamera and Russian sciences in the 18th century present scientif c instruments, which have become monuments of Russian and European optics — lenses, mirrors, spyglasses, telescopes, transit instruments and others. They are just f ne material both for enlightening work with visitors and for historical researches. One can see there instruments made by famous masters of the 18-19th centuries — E.W. Tschirnhaus, E. Nairne, J. Bird, J. Ramsden, J. Fraunhofer.
There collections are also interesting from the cultural point of view. The period of forming Russian science is the same time as the process of refusing to perceive optical instruments as attributes of “elegant leisure”, devices for entertaining rich and enlighten public$ process of af rmance microscopes, telescopes, lenses etc. as scientif c instruments to be used by specialists at their observatories, laboratories and also for teaching purposes. Today we can see the revival of this fashion and high public interest to scientif c observations.
The “Comply or Explain” Approach as a Pascalian Wager
Authors: Duhamel Jean-Christophe 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article is a short comment on Mr Sergakis’ article: “Deconstruction and reconstruction of the ‘comply or explain’ principle in EU capital markets”. It deals about the possibility for the comply or explain to be anything else than “one concept fits all”, and especially, wonders if the improvement of such a disclosure device might influence the modification of companies’ and investors’ behaviours in favour of long-termism and dialogue.
Doxastische Selbstkontrolle und Wahrheitssensitivität: Descartes und Spinoza über die Voraussetzungen einer rationalistischen Ethik der Überzeugungen
Authors: Renz Ursula 
Published: November 2014

Abstract:This paper discusses Descartes’ and Spinoza’s epistemological approaches under the perspective of how they contribute to the project of an ethics of belief. I argue that the problem of doxastic voluntarism is only one of two issues to be addressed within an ethics of belief. Another equally important concern is the question of how we can make sure that the rational control over our judgments does not override the truth-sensitivity of our beliefs. It is against this background that I compare Descartes’ and Spinoza’s views on how we may have some rational control over our own beliefs.
Protein intrachain contact prediction with most interacting residues (MIR)
Authors: Acuña Ruben , Lacroix Zoé , Papandreou Nikolaos , Chomilier Jacques 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The transition state ensemble during the folding process of globular proteins occurs when a sufficient number of intrachain contacts are formed, mainly, but not exclusively, due to hydrophobic interactions. These contacts are related to the folding nucleus, and they contribute to the stability of the native structure, although they may disappear after the energetic barrier of transition states has been passed. A number of structure and sequence analyses, as well as protein engineering studies, have shown that the signature of the folding nucleus is surprisingly present in the native three-dimensional structure, in the form of closed loops, and also in the early folding events. These findings support the idea that the residues of the folding nucleus become buried in the very first folding events, therefore helping the formation of closed loops that act as anchor structures, speed up the process, and overcome the Levinthal paradox. We present here a review of an algorithm intended to simulate in a discrete space the early steps of the folding process. It is based on a Monte Carlo simulation where perturbations, or moves, are randomly applied to residues within a sequence. In contrast with many technically similar approaches, this model does not intend to fold the protein but to calculate the number of non-covalent neighbors of each residue, during the early steps of the folding process. Amino acids along the sequence are categorized as most interacting residues (MIRs) or least interacting residues. The MIR method can be applied under a variety of circumstances. In the cases tested thus far, MIR has successfully identified the exact residue whose mutation causes a switch in conformation. This follows with the idea that MIR identifies residues that are important in the folding process. Most MIR positions correspond to hydrophobic residues; correspondingly, MIRs have zero or very low accessible surface area. Alongside the review of the MIR method, we present a new postprocessing method called smoothed MIR (SMIR), which refines the original MIR method by exploiting the knowledge of residue hydrophobicity. We review known results and present new ones, focusing on the ability of MIR to predict structural changes, secondary structure, and the improved precision with the SMIR method.
Die Bibliothekspädagogik in Mannheim
Authors: Harling Bettina , Schmid-Ruhe Bernd 
Published: November 2014

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Artikel stellt die Entwicklung der Bibliothekspädagogik der Stadtbibliothek Mannheim in den letzten zehn Jahren dar und beschreibt die personellen, organisatorischen und räumlichen Anforderungen an eine öffentliche Bibliothek als Bildungspartner.
Additive manufacturing of photosensitive hydrogels for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Qin Xiao-Hua , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Stampfl Jürgen , Liska Robert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHydrogels are extensively explored as scaffolding materials for 2D/3D cell culture and tissue engineering. Owing to the substantial complexity of tissues, it is increasingly important to develop 3D biomimetic hydrogels with user-defined architectures and controllable biological functions. To this end, one promising approach is to utilize photolithography-based additive manufacturing technologies (AMTs) in combination with photosensitive hydrogels. We here review recent advances in photolithography-based additive manufacturing of 3D hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. Given the importance of materials selection, we firstly give an overview of water-soluble photoinitiators for single- and two-photon polymerization, photopolymerizable hydrogel precursors and light-triggered chemistries for hydrogel formation. Through the text we discuss the design considerations of hydrogel precursors and synthetic approaches to polymerizable hydrogel precursors of synthetic and natural origins. Next, we shift to how photopolymerizable hydrogels could integrate with photolithography-based AMTs for creating well-defined hydrogel structures. We illustrate the working-principles of both single- and two-photon lithography and case studies of their applications in tissue engineering. In particular, two-photon lithography is highlighted as a powerful tool for 3D functionalization/construction of hydrogel constructs with μm-scale resolution. Within the text we also explain the chemical reactions involved in two-photon-induced biofunctionalization and polymerization. In the end, we summarize the limitations of available hydrogel systems and photolithography-based AMTs as well as a future outlook on potential optimizations.
Establishment of trimester-specific thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine reference interval in pregnant Chinese women using the Beckman Coulter UniCel™ DxI 600
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Wei , Chen Qiao-Bin , Liu Li-Yi , Zhang Wei , Liu Meng-Ying , Wang Yi-Ting , Li Wen-Ya , Zeng Li-Zhen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) reference intervals are essential for screening and diagnosing thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to establish method- and trimester-specific TSH and FT4 reference intervals in pregnant Chinese women using the Beckman Coulter UniCel™ DxI 600.A cross-sectional dataset analysis was performed. A total of 3507 participants were recruited, and 2743 were eligible for analysis to set reference intervals. TSH, FT4, and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were analyzed with the Beckman Coulter UniCel™ DxI 600 AccessThe calculated reference intervals for the first, second, and third trimesters were TSH: 0.06–3.13, 0.07–4.13 and 0.15–5.02 mIU/L, respectively, and FT4: 8.72–15.22, 7.10–13.55 and 6.16–12.03 pmol/L, respectively.Our reference intervals for TSH and FT4 are distinct from the ranges reported in the DxI 600 instruction manual and previously reported data, confirming the importance of method-specific reference intervals.
Quantitative-fluorescent-PCR versus full karyotyping in prenatal diagnosis of common chromosome aneuploidies in southern Spain
Authors: de la Paz-Gallardo Mᵃ José , García Francisca S. Molina , de Haro-Muñoz Tomas , Padilla-Vinuesa Mᵃ Carmen , Zafra-Ceres Mercedes , Gomez-Capilla José A. , Gomez-Llorente Carolina 
Published: December 2014

AbstractQuantitative-fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) is a reliable, rapid, and economic technique for prenatal diagnosis of the most common abnormalities. However, conventional karyotyping is expensive and requires a much longer time to yield results. It is currently under debate whether the replacement or restriction of karyotyping reduces the quality of prenatal test results. This study was undertaken to determine the percentage of clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities that would not be detected if QF-PCR was the main analysis method and karyotyping reserved for cases with increased nuchal translucency (NT) and/or abnormal ultrasound findings and to estimate the difference in cost between QF-PCR and full karyotyping.Nine hundred twenty-eight pregnant women underwent an invasive procedure at our center between May 2009 and December 2012, yielding 580 (62.5%) chorionic villous samples and 348 (37.5%) amniotic fluid samples. Samples were studied by both QF-PCR and full karyotyping. Karyotyping and detailed ultrasound findings were retrospectively analyzed.If QF-PCR was the main analytic method and full karyotyping reserved for cases with elevated NT (≥4.5) and/or abnormal ultrasound findings, 12.7% of the patients would have required full karyotyping, 99% of the clinically significant chromosomal abnormalities would have been detected, and the cost would have been 54% lower than a policy of full karyotyping for all.Detailed prenatal ultrasound scan can reduce the need for conventional karyotyping as a complement to QF-PCR in most prenatal samples, offering rapid results and reducing parental anxiety and healthcare costs.