bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sulfhydryl Compounds, Carbohydrates, Organic Acids, and Sodium Sulfite on the Formation of Lysinoalanine in Preserved Egg
Authors: Luo Xu‐ying , Tu Yong‐gang , Zhao Yan , Li Jian‐ke , Wang Jun‐jie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo identify inhibitors for lysinoalanine formation in preserved egg, sulfhydryl compounds (glutathione, L‐cysteine), carbohydrates (sucrose, D‐glucose, maltose), organic acids (L‐ascorbic acid, citric acid, DL‐malic acid, lactic acid), and sodium sulfite were individually added at different concentrations to a pickling solution to prepare preserved eggs. Lysinoalanine formation as an index of these 10 substances was determined. Results indicate that glutathione, D‐glucose, maltose, L‐ascorbic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and sodium sulfite all effectively diminished lysinoalanine formation in preserved egg albumen and yolk. When 40 and 80 mmol/L of sodium sulfite, citric acid, L‐ascorbic acid, and D‐glucose were individually added into the pickling solution, the inhibition rates of lysinoalanine in the produced preserved egg albumen and yolk were higher. However, the attempt of minimizing lysinoalanine formation was combined with the premise of ensuring preserved eggs quality. Moreover, the addition of 40 and 80 mmol/L of sodium sulfite, 40 and 80 mmol/L of D‐glucose, 40 mmol/L of citric acid, and 40 mmol/L of L‐ascorbic acid was optimal to produce preserved eggs. The corresponding inhibition rates of lysinoalanine in the albumen were approximately 76.3% to 76.5%, 67.6% to 67.8%, 74.6%, and 74.6%, and the corresponding inhibition rates of lysinoalanine in the yolk were about 68.7% to 69.7%, 50.6% to 51.8%, 70.4%, and 57.8%. It was concluded that sodium sulfite, D‐glucose，L‐ascorbic, and citric acid at suitable concentrations can be used to control the formation of lysinoalanine during preserved egg processing.
Node‐based analysis of species distributions
Authors: Borregaard Michael K. , Rahbek Carsten , Fjeldså Jon , Parra Juan L. , Whittaker Robert J. , Graham Catherine H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe integration of species distributions and evolutionary relationships is one of the most rapidly moving research fields today and has led to considerable advances in our understanding of the processes underlying biogeographical patterns. Here, we develop a set of metrics, the specific overrepresentation score (SOS) and the geographic node divergence (GND) score, which together combine ecological and evolutionary patterns into a single framework and avoids many of the problems that characterize community phylogenetic methods in current use.This approach goes through each node in the phylogeny and compares the distributions of descendant clades to a null model. The method employs a balanced null model, is independent of phylogeny size, and allows an intuitive visualization of the results.We demonstrate how this novel implementation can be used to generate hypotheses for biogeographical patterns with case studies on two groups with well‐described biogeographical histories: a local‐scale community data set of hummingbirds in the North Andes, and a large‐scale data set of the distribution of all species of New World flycatchers. The node‐based analysis of these two groups generates a set of intuitively interpretable patterns that are consistent with current biogeographical knowledge.Importantly, the results are statistically tractable, opening many possibilities for their use in analyses of evolutionary, historical and spatial patterns of species diversity. The method is implemented as an upcoming R packagenodiv, which makes it accessible and easy to use.
Methionine restriction slows down senescence in human diploid fibroblasts
Authors: Kozieł Rafał , Ruckenstuhl Christoph , Albertini Eva , Neuhaus Michael , Netzberger Christine , Bust Maria , Madeo Frank , Wiesner Rudolf J. , Jansen‐Dürr Pidder 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMethionine restriction (MetR) extends lifespan in animal models including rodents. Using human diploid fibroblasts (HDF), we report here that MetR significantly extends their replicative lifespan, thereby postponing cellular senescence. MetR significantly decreased activity of mitochondrial complex IV and diminished the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Lifespan extension was accompanied by a significant decrease in the levels of subunits of mitochondrial complex IV, but also complex I, which was due to a decreased translation rate of several mtDNA‐encoded subunits. Together, these findings indicate that MetR slows down aging in human cells by modulating mitochondrial protein synthesis and respiratory chain assembly.
KATNB1 in the human testis and its genetic variants in fertile and oligoasthenoteratozoospermic infertile men
Authors: O'Donnell L. , McLachlan R. I. , Merriner D. Jo , O'Bryan M. K. , Jamsai D. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryOligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) is a phenotype frequently observed in infertile men, and is defined by low spermatozoa number, abnormal spermatozoa morphology and poor motility. We previously showed that a mutation in the Katnb1 gene in mice causes infertility because of OAT. The KATNB1 gene encodes an accessory subunit of the katanin microtubule‐severing enzyme complex; this accessory subunit is thought to modulate microtubule‐severing location and activity. We hypothesized that KATNB1 may play a role in human spermatogenesis and that genetic variants in KATNB1 could be associated with OAT in humans. Using immunostaining, we defined the localization of the KATNB1 protein in human testes. KATNB1 was present during spermatid development, and in particular localized to the microtubules of the manchette, a structure required for sperm head shaping. To assess a potential association between genetic variants in the KATNB1 gene and infertile men with OAT, we performed direct sequencing of genomic DNA samples from 100 OAT infertile and 100 proven fertile men. Thirty‐seven KATNB1 variants were observed, five of which had not previously been described. Ten variants were present only in OAT men, however, statistical analysis did not reveal a significant association with fertility status. Our results suggest that variants in the KATNB1 gene are not commonly associated with OAT infertility in Australian men.
Epidemiology of lysosomal storage diseases in Sweden
Authors: Hult Malin , Darin Niklas , von Döbeln Ulrika , Månsson Jan‐Eric 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThere are more than 50 inherited lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), and this study examined the incidence of clinically diagnosed LSDs in Sweden.MethodsThe number of patients diagnosed during 1980–2009 was compiled from the registries of the two Swedish diagnostic laboratories that cover the whole country.ResultsWe identified 433 patients during the 30‐year period, with a total incidence of one in every 6100 births and identified fairly constant annual diagnoses during the last 20 years. Krabbe disease was the most common (one in 39 000) followed by Gaucher disease (one in 47 000), metachromatic leukodystrophy and Salla disease. Gaucher disease was more frequent in Sweden than other European countries, due to a founder effect of the mutation (p.L444P) in northern Sweden. Metachromatic leukodystrophy was one of the most common LSDs, in common with other countries. Salla disease, which is very rare elsewhere, was the fourth most common, stemming from a founder mutation in the Salla region of northern Finland brought to Sweden by immigration.ConclusionThe collective incidence of LSDs in Sweden was essentially equal to other European countries, but with a somewhat different disease pattern. Our findings have implications for diagnostic algorithms and treatment strategies.
Effect of androgen replacement therapy on atherosclerotic risk markers in young‐to‐middle‐aged men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Doğan Berçem Ayçiçek , Karakılıç Ersen , Tuna Mazhar Müslüm , Arduç Ayşe , Berker Dilek , Güler Serdar 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjectiveIdiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a rare disorder. This study evaluated the effect of androgen replacement therapy on atherosclerotic risk markers in young‐to‐middle‐aged men with this disorder.Design and methodsForty‐three male patients aged 30 (range: 24–39 years) who were newly diagnosed with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and 20 age‐, sex‐ and weight‐matched controls (range: 26–39 years) were included in the study. Androgen replacement therapy was given according to the Algorithm of Testosterone Therapy in Adult Men with Androgen Deficiency Syndromes (2010; Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95, 2536). The patients were assessed at a pretreatment visit and 3 and 6 months after the treatment. Inflammatory markers and lipid parameters were evaluated. Endothelial function was assessed with brachial flow‐mediated dilation of a brachial artery and high‐resolution ultrasonography of the carotid intima‐media thickness.ResultsThe carotid intima‐media thickness (P < 0·001) was higher and the brachial flow‐mediated diameter (P = 0·002) was lower in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism compared to the control subjects at the pretreatment visit. There was a negative correlation between the total testosterone level and carotid intima‐media thickness (r = −0·556, P = <0·001). The carotid intima‐media thickness and per cent flow‐mediated diameter were significantly improved in the patient group 6 months after the androgen replacement therapy (P = 0·002 and 0·026, respectively).ConclusionsThis study indicated that low total testosterone levels can be considered a significant marker of atherosclerosis in patients with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and that androgen replacement therapy significantly reduces atherosclerotic risk markers in these patients after 6 months.
Neonatal thyroid function born to mothers living with long‐term excessive iodine intake from drinking water
Authors: Chen Wen , Sang Zhongna , Tan Long , Zhang Shufen , Dong Feng , Chu Zanjun , Wei Wei , Zhao Na , Zhang Guiqin , Yao Zhaixiao , Shen Jun , Zhang Wanqi 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe effects of long‐term excessive maternal iodine intake on neonatal thyroid function are less known. This study aimed to assess the effects of maternal excessive iodine intake from drinking water on thyroid functions of both mothers and their neonates.Design and MethodsThis observational study was performed in high iodine (HI) areas and adequate iodine (AI) intake areas, including 384 healthy pregnant women in late gestation (mean week 39·3 ± 1·6 weeks) and their newborns. Blood and urine samples were obtained from pregnant women, while cord blood samples were obtained from neonates. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid function were evaluated.ResultsThe median maternal UIC was 1241 and 217 μg/l in HI and AI areas, respectively (P < 0·001). The concentrations of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in neonates in HI areas were 7·33 mIU/l (range 5·47, 11·06 mIU/l), 2·93 ± 0·59 and 15·03 ± 1·92 pmol/l, respectively, while that were 4·71 mIU/l (range 3·96, 6·04 mIU/l), 2·31 ± 0·28 and 16·50 ± 1·35 pmol/l in AI neonates (P < 0·05). Similar changes were also observed in neonates in HI areas when excluding the effect of maternal thyroid autoimmunity. Cord blood TSH concentration (r = 0·31, P = 0·001) and FT3 concentration (r = 0·43, P = 0·001) were positively correlated with maternal UIC. Cord blood FT4 concentration was negatively correlated with maternal UIC (r = −0·25, P = 0·001). Mothers living in HI areas (β = 0·296, 95% CI: 0·163, 0·255) and with subclinical hypothyroidism (β = 0·360, 95% CI: 0·034, 0·175) contributed to elevated cord blood TSH concentration in neonates, while male neonates were more likely to present with higher TSH concentration compared with female infants (β = −0·760, 95% CI: −0·119, −0·033).ConclusionsExcessive iodine intake during pregnancy was associated with an increased rate of hyperthyrotropinaemia in neonates and their mothers, especially in male neonates.
Tropical Deforestation and Carbon Emissions from Protected Area Downgrading, Downsizing, and Degazettement (PADDD)
Authors: Forrest Jessica L. , Mascia Michael B. , Pailler Sharon , Abidin Siti Zuraidah , Araujo Mara Deza , Krithivasan Roopa , Riveros Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProtected area downgrading, downsizing and degazettement (PADDD) is a global phenomenon that has not received formal attention in Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) policies designed to reduce forest carbon emissions and conserve biodiversity. Here, we examine how PADDD affects deforestation and forest carbon emissions. We documented 174 enacted and 8 proposed PADDD events affecting more than 48,000 km2 in three REDD+ priority countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo, Malaysia, and Peru. Where sufficient data were available, we estimated deforestation rates and the quantity and economic value of forest carbon already lost and at risk in three land tenure classes: PADDDed, protected, and never‐protected. PADDDed forests experienced deforestation and forest carbon emissions greatly exceeding rates in protected areas and slightly exceeding rates in never‐protected forests. PADDD represents business‐as‐usual for protected areas, posing substantial risk to forests and forest carbon stocks. REDD+ policies have substantive implications for protected area biodiversity and forest carbon emissions; the Warsaw Framework for REDD+ provides new, but insufficient, guidance for nations to address these issues.
Distinguishing geographical range shifts from artefacts of detectability and sampling effort
Authors: Bates Amanda E. , Bird Tomas J. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Wernberg Thomas , Sunday Jennifer M. , Barrett Neville S. , Edgar Graham J. , Frusher Stewart , Hobday Alistair J. , Pecl Gretta T. , Smale Dan A. , McCarthy Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe redistribution of species with climate change is well documented. Even so, the relative contribution of species detectability to the variation in measured range shift rates among species is poorly understood. How can true range shifts be discerned from sampling artefacts?LocationAustralia.MethodsWe simulate range shifts for species which differ in their abundance for comparison to patterns derived from empirical range shift data from two regional‐scale (100s km) empirical studies. We demonstrate the use of spatial occupancy data in a distance‐to‐edge (DTE) model to assess changes in geographical range edges of fish species within a temperate reef fish community.ResultsSimulations identified how sampling design can produce relatively larger error in range shift estimates in less abundant species, patterns that correspond with those observed in real data. Application of the DTE model allowed us to estimate the location of the true range edge with high accuracy in common species. In addition, upper confidence bounds for range edge estimates identified species with range edges that have likely shifted in location.ConclusionsSimulation and modelling approaches used to quantify the level of confidence that can be placed in observed range shifts are particularly valuable for studies of marine species, where observations are typically few and patchy. Given the observed variability in range shift estimates, the inclusion of confidence bounds on estimates of geographical range edges will advance our capacity to disentangle true distributional change from artefacts of sampling design.
Systematics of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) associated with Hodotermopsis sjostedti (Isoptera: Termopsidae)
Authors: Kanao Taisuke , Maruyama Munetoshi , Iwata Ryûtarô 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMembers of the termitophilous subtribe Termitozyrina (Aleocharinae: Lomechusini) associated with Hodotermopsis sjostedti are taxonomically treated. The genera Hodotermophilus Naomi & Terayama and Termophidoholus Naomi & Hirono, and each type species (monotypic) are redescribed. Termophidoholus formosanus, originally described from Taiwan, and its host termite H. sjostedti are newly recorded from Laos. Yakuus iwatai Kanao & Maruyama gen. & sp. nov. and H. gloriosus were collected sympatrically in the same nests in Yaku‐shima, Japan. All of the above species, belonging to the three genera, share the presence of a batch of spurs at the tibial apex of fore and mid legs. Habitus photographs and illustrations of diagnostic features are provided for these species, and their phylogenetic relationships are discussed based on morphological similarities and the extant distribution of the host termite species.
Nonpharmacologic care for patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome: Ketogenic diets and vagus nerve stimulation
Authors: Kossoff Eric H. W. , Shields W. Donald 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIndividuals with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) often do not respond to or become resistant to pharmacologic treatments. Ketogenic diets (KDs) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) are nonpharmacologic treatment options for these intractable patients. The classic KD, a high‐fat, low‐carbohydrate diet with 90% of calories derived from fat, has been used in the treatment of seizures for >90 years. About half of patients with LGS respond to the KD with a >50% reduction in seizures and some patients may achieve a >90% reduction. Vagus nerve stimulation therapy involves a surgically implanted generator that delivers intermittent electrical stimuli to the brain via an electrode wrapped around the left vagus nerve. It is utilized as adjunctive therapy for patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (including patients with LGS) who are not suitable candidates for resective surgery. Similar to the KD, about half of LGS patients respond to VNS therapy, with a >50% reduction in seizures, and the response may improve over time. Both the KD and VNS are options for patients with LGS.
Additive genetic variation for tolerance to estrogen pollution in natural populations of Alpine whitefish (Coregonus sp., Salmonidae)
Authors: Brazzola Gregory , Chèvre Nathalie , Wedekind Claus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe evolutionary potential of natural populations to adapt to anthropogenic threats critically depends on whether there exists additive genetic variation for tolerance to the threat. A major problem for water‐dwelling organisms is chemical pollution, and among the most common pollutants is 17α‐ethinylestradiol (EE2), the synthetic estrogen that is used in oral contraceptives and that can affect fish at various developmental stages, including embryogenesis. We tested whether there is variation in the tolerance to EE2 within Alpine whitefish. We sampled spawners from two species of different lakes, bred them in vitro in a full‐factorial design each, and studied growth and mortality of embryos. Exposure to EE2 turned out to be toxic in all concentrations we tested (≥1 ng/L). It reduced embryo viability and slowed down embryogenesis. We found significant additive genetic variation in EE2‐induced mortality in both species, that is, genotypes differed in their tolerance to estrogen pollution. We also found maternal effects on embryo development to be influenced by EE2, that is, some maternal sib groups were more susceptible to EE2 than others. In conclusion, the toxic effects of EE2 were strong, but both species demonstrated the kind of additive genetic variation that is necessary for an evolutionary response to this type of pollution.
Prenatal diagnosis of haemophilia in Sweden now more commonly used for psychological preparation than termination of pregnancy
Authors: Mårtensson A. , Tedgård U. , Ljung R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe aims of the study were to define the frequency, outcome and reasons for prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Sweden during a 30‐year period in order to study trends and changes. The study population, from the Swedish nationwide registry of PND of haemophilia, consisted of 54 women, compromising >95% of all, who underwent PND (n = 90) of haemophilia during 1977–2013. PND was performed by amniocentesis (n = 10), chorionic villus sampling (n = 64) or by analysis of foetal blood (n = 16). A total of 27/90 foetuses were found to have haemophilia. Sixteen went to termination and the remaining 11 were born during the end of the study period (2000–2013). Three of 90 pregnancies were terminated due to findings other than haemophilia and 3/90 PNDs led to miscarriage. In the 30 families with known haemophilia, PNDs (n = 55) were used in 27/55 cases for ‘psychological preparation’ and in 23/55 cases with the aim to terminate the pregnancy. A subgroup of women (n = 17) who consecutively underwent PND in the years 1997–2010 were further interviewed. For 11/17, being a carrier had a negative effect on the decision to become pregnant, and in 11 cases PND had influenced their decision to conceive. Our study show that PND of haemophilia is stable over time but increasingly used during the last decade as a psychological preparation for having a child with haemophilia as compared to earlier where more terminations of pregnancies were conducted.
Managing chronic pain in adults with haemophilia: current status and call to action
Authors: Humphries T. J. , Kessler C. M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryHaemophilic arthroses are associated with acute pain during bleeding episodes and with chronic pain caused by arthritic complications of repeated bleeding into joints. Unlike other conditions (e.g. osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease), there are limited data on pain management in haemophilia. Management of arthritic individuals and those with sickle cell disease relies heavily on administration of acetaminophen, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid analgesics. In haemophilia, acetaminophen often has limited efficacy at therapeutic doses, offering a narrow dosing range in those with liver disease due to chronic hepatitis C. NSAIDs can effectively manage pain in patients with haemophilia, but these agents are potentially associated with a significant risk of precipitating or exacerbating bleeding complications in an already coagulopathic population. Opioids have proven effective in osteoarthritis and sickle cell disease, but outcomes data in those with haemophilia are virtually non‐existent. Patients with haemophilia are at least as vulnerable as other chronic pain populations to opioid‐related adverse events and to developing abusive behaviours and addiction. Despite pain management strategies for patients with haemophilia being far from optimal, the predominant precept of haemophilia management still applies. As such, it is critically important to aggressively reverse or prevent acute symptomatic bleeding in a timely and effective manner to at least minimize pain and progressive joint damage. This review should serve as a call to action to prioritize pain management in haemophilia care and spur interest in the development, improvement and standardization of tools to assess and manage acute and chronic pain in haemophilia.
Data and Privacy: Now you see me; New Model for Data Sharing; Modern Governance and Staticians
Authors: Smith Sam 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Does data anonymisation work? The answer depends on who you talk to. But finding a way to preserve privacy while sharing valuable data is crucial to the future of our information society. Brian Tarran reports.
Will the openPDS initiative at MIT solve the data privacy problem once and for all? Brian Tarran interviews researcher Brian Sweatt.
Sam Smith writes: Policy-makers are hungry to take advantage of big data, but they must heed the warnings of statisticians when they say “enough is enough”.
How to Weigh a Donkey in the Kenyan Countryside
Authors: Milner Kate , Rougier Jonathan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Donkeys play a crucial role in the lives of rural Kenyans. When they fall sick, vets need a quick and accurate method of weighing the animals to administer the right dosage of drugs. The humble nomogram can help, as Kate Milner and Jonathan Rougier explain.