bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of germ cells in vitro in the era of induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Imamura Masanori , Hikabe Orie , Lin Zachary Yu‐Ching , Okano Hideyuki 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are stem cells that can be artificially generated via “cellular reprogramming” using gene transduction in somatic cells. iPSCs have enormous potential in stem‐cell biology as they can give rise to numerous cell lineages, including the three germ layers. An evaluation of germ‐line competency by blastocyst injection or tetraploid complementation, however, is critical for determining the developmental potential of mouse iPSCs towards germ cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that primordial germ cells obtained by the in vitro differentiation of iPSCs produce functional gametes as well as healthy offspring. These findings illustrate not only that iPSCs are developmentally similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but also that somatic cells from adult tissues can produce gametes in vitro, that is, if they are reprogrammed into iPSCs. In this review, we discuss past and recent advances in the in vitro differentiation of germ cells using pluripotent stem cells, with an emphasis on ESCs and iPSCs. While this field of research is still at a stage of infancy, it holds great promises for investigating the mechanisms of germ‐cell development, especially in humans, and for advancing reproductive and developmental engineering technologies in the future. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 2–19, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Off‐label use of second generation antipsychotics for post‐traumatic stress disorder in the Department of Veterans Affairs: time trends and sociodemographic, comorbidity, and regional correlates
Authors: Bauer Mark S. , Lee Austin , Li Mingfei , Bajor Laura , Rasmusson Ann , Kazis Lewis E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeSecond generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are widely used for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although without strong evidence base. With substantial numbers of veterans returning from Iraq/Afghanistan conflicts with PTSD, it is important to characterize the extent of SGA use and identify associated factors.MethodsWe determined time trends and patient characteristics associated with the use of SGAs in veterans with PTSD, without comorbid schizophrenia or bipolar disorders, using the Department of Veterans Affairs national administrative data 2003–2010.ResultsAmong 732 085 veterans with PTSD, 27.6% received an intentional trial of an SGA in 2003–2010. The annual number treated with SGAs almost doubled (45 268 to 84 197, p < 0.001), while prescribing rates decreased (28.6% to 21.5%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, African Americans (odds ratio (OR) = 1.07, 95%confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.09) and Hispanics (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.10–1.17) were more likely to receive SGAs than Whites. Strongest clinical associations were with prior diagnosis of depression (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.94–1.99), substance use disorders (OR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.84–1.88), and other anxiety disorders (OR = 1.27; 95%CI = 1.26–1.29) (all p – < 0.0001) as well as cardiovascular risk factors. Veterans previously deployed to Iraq/Afghanistan had lower likelihood of SGA receipt. Substantial regional differences were demonstrated (South > Northeast; Midwest and West < Northeast; p < 0.0001); regional administrative units (veterans integrated service networks) contributed minimally to regional differences.ConclusionsPost‐traumatic stress disorder population growth is driving substantial increases in SGA use. Decreasing rates of the Department of Veterans Affairs prescribing may be due to integrated system‐wide mechanisms (e.g., national practice guidelines), although regional variations remain prominent. These analyses provide foundational steps for identifying modifiable provider‐level and organization‐level determinants of SGA prescription in this growing population. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Structural templates for modeling homodimers
Authors: Kundrotas Petras J. , Vakser Ilya A. , Janin Joël 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOligomeric proteins are more abundant in nature than monomeric proteins, and involved in all biological processes. In the absence of an experimental structure, their subunits can be modeled from their sequence like monomeric proteins, but reliable procedures to build the oligomeric assembly are scarce. Template‐based methods, which start from known protein structures, are commonly applied to model subunits. We present a method to model homodimers that relies on a structural alignment of the subunits, and test it on a set of 511 target structures recently released by the Protein Data Bank, taking as templates the earlier released structures of 3108 homodimeric proteins (H‐set), and 2691 monomeric proteins that form dimer‐like assemblies in crystals (M‐set). The structural alignment identifies a H‐set template for 97% of the targets, and in half of the cases, it yields a correct model of the dimer geometry and residue–residue contacts in the target. It also identifies a M‐set template for most of the targets, and some of the crystal dimers are very similar to the target homodimers. The procedure efficiently detects homology at low levels of sequence identities, and points to erroneous quaternary structures in the Protein Data Bank. The high coverage of the target set suggests that the content of the Protein Data Bank already approaches the structural diversity of protein assemblies in nature, and that template‐based methods should become the choice method for modeling oligomeric as well as monomeric proteins.
Light Consulting after Design of Experiments Training: Lessons from a Case Study
Authors: Marco‐Almagro Lluís , Grima Pere , Tort‐Martorell Xavier 
Published: August 2013

We present a case study to show some positive and some problematic points regarding light consulting—when none of the parts is fully committed—on Design of Experiments (DOE). The situation is not unusual and frequently occurs after a DOE training course. In fact, the case used as an illustration occurred when advising a team of engineers from an aeronautical industrial company some months after giving them a 32‐h DOE seminar.A key point is that, in spite of all the inconveniences and pitfalls, it may be a good alternative for the two parts, especially nowadays with all the internet facilities. The case study included in the paper serves as an excuse to give a set of recommendations on how to develop this light consulting approach the best possible way. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BamHI‐A rightward frame 1, an Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded oncogene and immune modulator
Authors: Hoebe Eveline K. , Le Large Tessa Y. S. , Greijer Astrid E. , Middeldorp Jaap M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) causes several benign and malignant disorders of lymphoid and epithelial origin. EBV‐related tumors display distinct patterns of viral latent gene expression, of which the BamHI‐A rightward frame 1 (BARF1) is selectively expressed in carcinomas, regulated by cellular differentiation factors including ΔNp63α. BARF1 functions as a viral oncogene, immortalizing and transforming epithelial cells of different origin by acting as a mitogenic growth factor, inducing cyclin‐D expression, and up‐regulating antiapoptotic Bcl‐2, stimulating host cell growth and survival. In addition, secreted hexameric BARF1 has immune evasive properties, functionally corrupting macrophage colony stimulating factor, as supported by recent functional and structural data. Therefore, BARF1, an intracellular and secreted protein, not only has multiple pathogenic functions but also can function as a target for immune responses. Deciphering the role of BARF1 in EBV biology will contribute to novel diagnostic and treatment options for EBV‐driven carcinomas. Herein, we discuss recent insights on the regulation of BARF1 expression and aspects of structure‐function relating to its oncogenic and immune suppressive properties. © 2013 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trust coercion in the name of usable public key infrastructure
Authors: Zissis Dimitrios , Lekkas Dimitrios 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWe are currently witnessing an alarmingly increasing array of attacks on secure infrastructures used for industrial and commercial purposes. The success of these attacks has relied heavily on an innovative stratagem. This stratagem makes use of digital certificates to devise malicious code or servers as trustworthy, ultimately deceiving end users. This has led to an escalating demand for forged or stolen valid digital certificates on the electronic black market. Certification authorities (CAs) themselves are now coming under fire. Virus reports have surfaced on malicious software whose sole purpose was to grab certificates from within certain CAs' infrastructures. The growing popularity of these attacks is putting in doubt the effectiveness of one of the pillars upon which security in the digital world is built, cryptography and digital signatures. What is to blame? In a phrase, “Trust by default”. To increase the usability of public key infrastructure interactions, a number of CAs are pre‐included in users' browsers and operating systems. These entities are trusted by default, and this trust is now being exploited. In this paper, we shall try to shed light on the true dimensions and implications of “trust by default” in public key infrastructure environments. We attempt to raise awareness about the severity of this kind of attacks, demystify the security challenges and identify unique security threats. We need to ring the alarm about trust‐related issues in online communications. We analyze the issue from an information and communication security perspective and explore the notion of trust relations in this context. We support the doctrine that trust should be built on informed judgment, and this can only be achieved through increased openness. Following this, we put forward for consideration a number of proposals that attempt to overcome the issue at hand, by increasing user‐side awareness and thus solution effectiveness, regarding digital certificate transactions. We present an experimental mechanism that is able to provide users with customized digital certificate repositories based on an open crowd sourcing method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Privacy‐preserving framework for geosocial applications
Authors: Malina Lukas , Hajny Jan 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe paper deals with user privacy in geosocial applications. Geosocial applications have become very popular but can misuse user's private data and location. We propose a novel solution that prevents tracking and protects against personal identity and location being misused by external attackers or service providers. The proposed framework provides security and privacy protection for geosocial applications that provide, for example, information sharing, geotagging, and monitoring of people without revealing their identity to unauthorized persons, including the service provider. Unlike current security solutions in geosocial services, our novel framework uses advanced cryptography to secure user privacy. This protection is provided by advanced group signatures ensuring data integrity, authenticity, non‐repudiation, and strong privacy protection. The paper outputs a detailed cryptographic scheme for the protection of privacy in geosocial services and its security analysis. The proposed scheme has also been implemented, and the performance results are outlined in the paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gibbs ensembles for incompatible dependency networks
Authors: Chen Shyh‐Huei , Ip Edward H. , Wang Yuchung J. 
Published: August 2013

In most statistical applications, the Gibbs sampler is the method of choice for inference regarding conditionally specified distributions that are compatible. Compatibility ensures that a unique Gibbs distribution exists. For machine learning of complex models such as dependency networks, the conditional models are sometimes incompatible. In this paper, we review an ensemble approach using the Gibbs sampler as the base procedure. A Gibbs ensemble consists of many joint distributions resulting from different scan orders of the same conditional model, and the solution is a weighted sum of the ensemble. The algorithm is scalable and can handle large data sets of high dimensionality. The proposed approach provides joint distributions that conform with the conditional specifications better than the solutions obtained by linear programming and by a fixed‐scan Gibbs sampler alone. Owing to incompatibility, the invariant distribution of a Gibbs sampler is scan‐order dependent. A Gibbs ensemble is the collection of joint distributions estimated from the Gibbs samples of different scan orders.WIREs Comput Stat2013, 5:478–485. doi: 10.1002/wics.1273This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Polymer nanoparticles for drug and small silencing RNA delivery to treat cancers of different phenotypes
Authors: Devulapally Rammohan , Paulmurugan Ramasamy 
Published: August 2013

Advances in nanotechnology have provided powerful and efficient tools in the development of cancer diagnosis and therapy. There are numerous nanocarriers that are currently approved for clinical use in cancer therapy. In recent years, biodegradable polymer nanoparticles have attracted a considerable attention for their ability to function as a possible carrier for target‐specific delivery of various drugs, genes, proteins, peptides, vaccines, and other biomolecules in humans without much toxicity. This review will specifically focus on the recent advances in polymer‐based nanocarriers for various drugs and small silencing RNA's loading and delivery to treat different types of cancer. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2014, 6:40–60. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1242This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Results and long-term patient satisfaction after gluteal augmentation with platelet-rich plasma-enriched autologous fat
Authors: Willemsen Joep C. N. , Lindenblatt Nicole , Stevens Hieronymus P. J. D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Buttock augmentation is gaining increasing popularity in aesthetic surgery. The relatively high incidence of complications after silicone implant placement lead to the increased use of lipofilling techniques, yielding variable results with respect to graft take rate and long-term stability. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to have beneficial effects on wound healing and angiogenesis in the past. Therefore, we aimed at investigating the long-term results and patient satisfaction after PRP-enriched lipofilling for buttock augmentation.

Methods
Twenty-four bilateral gluteal augmentations with PRP-enriched autologous fat were performed. Additionally, contour shaping was achieved by liposuction of the adjacent zones. Post-operative results and complications were recorded, and satisfaction with buttock shape was estimated by a patient questionnaire.

Results
Mean follow-up time was 44 months, and mean amount of transferred fat was 481 cc for both sides. No seroma or hematoma formation, infection or liponecrosis were reported during the post-operative follow-up. Subjective patient satisfaction in general increased from preoperatively to 3 months postoperatively and declined only slightly in the long-term course. Satisfaction levels in general were specific for each patient. Patient recovery was quick, and the majority of patients returned to work within 10 days after surgery.

Conclusions
PRP-enhanced lipofilling of the buttocks proved to be a safe procedure including a low complication rate and consistent results. However, subjective patient expectations have to be taken into account when choosing the indication. Further large volume studies are needed to elucidate the potential and benefit of PRP in this context.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study.
Asymptotic Normality for Inference on Multisample, High-Dimensional Mean Vectors Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Aoshima Makoto , Yata Kazuyoshi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the asymptotic normality for various inference problems on multisample and high-dimensional mean vectors. We verify that the asymptotic normality of concerned statistics is proved under mild conditions for high-dimensional data. We show that the asymptotic normality can be justified theoretically and numerically even for non-Gaussian data. We introduce the extended cross-data-matrix (ECDM) methodology to construct an unbiased estimator at a reasonable computational cost. With the help of the asymptotic normality, we show that the concerned statistics given by ECDM can ensure consistency properties for inference on multisample and high-dimensional mean vectors. We give several applications such as confidence regions for high-dimensional mean vectors, confidence intervals for the squared norm and the test of multisample mean vectors. We also provide sample size determination so as to satisfy prespecified accuracy on inference. Finally, we give several examples by using a microarray data set.
Achieving the Best Yield in Glycolipid Biosurfactant Preparation by Selecting the Proper Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio
Authors: Saikia Rashmi Rekha , Deka Hemen , Goswami Debahuti , Lahkar Jiumoni , Borah Siddhartha Narayan , Patowary Kaustuvmani , Baruah Plabita , Deka Suresh 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa RS29, the native biosurfactant‐producing strain isolated from the oil fields of Assam, India was used to investigate the influence of the carbon nitrogen ratio on production of the biosurfactant. The biosurfactant producing ability of the strain was measured based on surface tension (ST) reduction of the culture medium and the emulsification (E24) index. Production was greatly influenced by the sources of nitrogen and carbon as well as the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Sodium nitrate was the best nitrogen source and the water miscible carbon source, glycerol was observed as the best carbon source for maximum biosurfactant production. The C/N ratio 12.5 allowed the maximum production of biosurfactant by the RS29 strain. At this C/N ratio, 55 % ST of the culture medium was reduced by the produced biosurfactant. Concentrations of crude and rhamnolipid biosurfactant obtained at this particular C/N ratio were 5.6 and 0.8 g/l respectively. The RS29 strain was novel as it was able to produce a sufficient amount of biosurfactant utilizing a much lower amount of the water miscible carbon source, glycerol. Extraction of the biosurfactant by a chloroform–methanol (2:1) mixture was the best method to obtain the highest biosurfactant from the culture medium of the strain. The biosurfactant was confirmed as a mixture of mono and di‐rhamnolipid congeners, Rha–C10–C10–CH3 being the most abundant one. The biosurfactant was a good foaming and emulsifying agent.
Interaction of Light and Temperature on Tocopherols During Oxidation of Sunflower Oil
Authors: Choe Eunok 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLight and temperature effects on tocopherols during the oxidation of sunflower oil were studied. The oxidation was performed at 40, 60, or 80 °C for 30, 15, and 6 days, respectively, in the dark or under 1,700 lux light. Oil oxidation was analyzed with peroxide values and conjugated dienoic acid contents, and tocopherols in the oil were separated and quantified by HPLC. The oxidation of sunflower oil was increased with temperature increase, and the light decreased the temperature dependence of the oil oxidation. Sunflower oil before oxidation contained tocopherols with a total of 737.96 mg/kg, with α‐ and γ‐tocopherol at 726.41 and 11.56 mg/kg, respectively, and the tocopherol contents decreased during the oil oxidation. Degradation of tocopherols increased with the temperature increase, and its dependence on the temperature was lower under light than in the dark. γ‐Tocopherol showed higher stability than α‐tocopherol during oxidation of the oil in the dark and under light. Residual amounts of tocopherols showed a relatively good correlation with the degree of oil oxidation, and the dependence of α‐tocopherol degradation on the oil oxidation was higher than that of γ‐tocopherol, and light decreased the dependence on the oil oxidation in both tocopherols.
Physicochemical Properties of Dry‐Heated Peanut Protein Isolate Conjugated with Dextran or Gum Arabic
Authors: Li Chen , Zhu Bo , Xue Haoran , Chen Zhiyan , Ding Qiao , Wang Xingguo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPeanut protein isolate (PPI) were conjugated with dextran or gum arabic through glycation to study the physiochemical properties of PPI–polysaccharides conjugates. Structural features, solubility as well as emulsifying properties of the two conjugates were compared. The degree of graft value of the two conjugates suggested that glycation of PPI with gum arabic took place more easily than with dextran. Glycated conjugates had better solubility and emulsifying ability than native PPI. Analysis of structural features of the conjugates suggested that their improved functional properties could be the result of less α‐helix secondary structure, lower surface hydrophobicity and less compact tertiary structure. The solubility of PPI–dextran conjugates was improved for the pH range 3–9, while that of PPI–gum arabic conjugates was improved above neutral pH range. Moreover, better emulsifying ability was observed in PPI–gum arabic conjugates than PPI–dextran conjugates.
Identification of Tetraacylglycerols in Lesquerella Oil by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of the Lithium Adducts
Authors: Lin Jiann‐Tsyh , Chen Grace Q. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTetraacylglycerol (an acylglycerol estolide) contains an acyl chain attached to the hydroxyl group of another acyl chain attached to the glycerol backbone. Lesquerolic acid (Ls, OH1420:111) is the main fatty acid in lesquerella oil and may be used industrially for the manufacture of biodegradable industrial products. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the lithium adducts of acylglycerols in the high‐performance liquid chromatography fractions from the seed oil of lesquerella (Physaria fendleri) was used to identify thirteen tetraacylglycerols. They were LsLsLsLn, LsLsLsL, LsLs‐OH20:2‐O, LsLsLsO, LsLsLnLn, LsLsLLn, LsLsOLn, LsLsLL, LsLsOL, LsLsOP, LsLsOO, LsLsLS and LsLsOS. The OH20:2 was auricolic acid (OH1420:211,17). For the four tetraacylglycerols containing one normal fatty acid (non‐hydroxy fatty acid), LsLsLsLn, LsLsLsL, LsLs‐OH20:2‐O and LsLsLsO, the normal fatty acids were all directly attached to the glycerol backbone, not to the hydroxyl group of fatty acids. We propose that the biosynthetic precursors (triacylglycerol acyltransferase) of these four tetraacylglycerols were LsLsLn, LsLsL, LsLsO (Ls‐OH20:2‐O) and LsLsO individually. LsLsO and Ls‐OH20:2‐O were equally active as the biosynthetic precursors for LsLs‐OH20:2‐O. For LsLsLS, linoleate were all attached to the glycerol backbone and LsLsL was proposed to be the biosynthetic precursor. For LsLsOS, stearate were all attached to the glycerol backbone and LsLsS was proposed to be the biosynthetic precursor. For the other seven tetraacylglycerols containing two normal fatty acids, LsLsAB, the biosynthetic precursors could be both LsLsA and LsLsB.