bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination of dogs with Duramune DAPPi+LC protects against pathogenic canine parvovirus type 2c challenge
Authors: Wilson S. , Stirling C. , Borowski S. , Thomas A. , King V. , Salt J. 
Published: June 2013

In this study, we determined whether vaccination with Duramune DAPPi+LC containing canine parvovirus (CPV) type 2b protects against challenge with virulent CPV antigenic type 2c. Seven healthy dogs, seronegative for CPV2, were enrolled into two treatment groups; five were vaccinated twice, 21 days apart, with minimum titre vaccine, and two were given saline. Dogs were challenged with CPV 2c three weeks later. Clinical observations, body weight and rectal temperature measurements, blood samples for serology and white blood cell counts and faecal samples for virus excretion were collected. Control dogs remained seronegative until challenge; vaccinated dogs seroconverted and were positive for antibodies to CPV2 from day 21. Four days after challenge, clinical signs associated with parvovirus infection (vomiting, paroxysmal shivering, depression, loose stools) were observed in the control dogs. Both animals were withdrawn from the study for welfare reasons one day later. On day 47, leucopenia was observed in controls, with white blood cell counts less than 50 per cent prechallenge values. No specific clinical sign of parvovirus infection were observed in the vaccinated dogs, nor was (detectable) challenge virus shed in faeces suggesting that antibodies generated contributed sterilising immunity. We conclude that vaccination of dogs with Duramune DAPPi+LC protects against challenge with a virulent field strain of CPV 2c.
Antioxidant Enzymes Mediate Survival of Breast Cancer Cells Deprived of Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Davison Calli A. , Durbin Sienna M. , Thau Matthew R. , Zellmer Victoria R. , Chapman Sarah E. , Diener Justin , Wathen Connor , Leevy W. Matthew , Schafer Zachary T. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Metastasis by cancer cells relies upon the acquisition of the ability to evade anoikis, a cell death process elicited by detachment from extracellular matrix (ECM). The molecular mechanisms that ECM-detached cancer cells use to survive are not understood. Striking increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) occur in ECM-detached mammary epithelial cells, threatening cell viability by inhibiting ATP production, suggesting that ROS must be neutralized if cells are to survive ECM-detachment. Here, we report the discovery of a prominent role for antioxidant enzymes, including catalase and superoxide dismutase, in facilitating the survival of breast cancer cells after ECM-detachment. Enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes in nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells detached from ECM resulted in ATP elevation and survival in the luminal space of mammary acini. Conversely, silencing antioxidant enzyme expression in multiple breast cancer cell lines caused ATP reduction and compromised anchorage-independent growth. Notably, antioxidant enzyme-deficient cancer cells were compromised in their ability to form tumors in mice. In aggregate, our results reveal a vital role for antioxidant enzyme activity in maintaining metabolic activity and anchorage-independent growth in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, these findings imply that eliminating antioxidant enzyme activity may be an effective strategy to enhance susceptibility to cell death in cancer cells that may otherwise survive ECM-detachment. Cancer Res; 73(12); 3704–15. ©2013 AACR.
Stimulating the Brain's Language Network: Syntactic Ambiguity Resolution after TMS to the Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Middle Temporal Gyrus
Authors: Acheson Daniel J. , Hagoort Peter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) are two critical nodes of the brain's language network. Previous neuroimaging evidence has supported a dissociation in language comprehension in which parts of the MTG are involved in the retrieval of lexical syntactic information and the IFG in unification operations that maintain, select, and integrate multiple sources of information over time. In the present investigation, we tested for causal evidence of this dissociation by modulating activity in IFG and MTG using an offline TMS procedure: continuous theta-burst stimulation. Lexical–syntactic retrieval was manipulated by using sentences with and without a temporarily word-class (noun/verb) ambiguity (e.g., run). In one group of participants, TMS was applied to the IFG and MTG, and in a control group, no TMS was applied. Eye movements were recorded and quantified at two critical sentence regions: a temporarily ambiguous region and a disambiguating region. Results show that stimulation of the IFG led to a modulation of the ambiguity effect (ambiguous–unambiguous) at the disambiguating sentence region in three measures: first fixation durations, total reading times, and regressive eye movements into the region. Both IFG and MTG stimulation modulated the ambiguity effect for total reading times in the temporarily ambiguous sentence region relative to the control group. The current results demonstrate that an offline repetitive TMS protocol can have influences at a different point in time during online processing and provide causal evidence for IFG involvement in unification operations during sentence comprehension.
Bouterolle from the Village of Patardzeuli (Kakheti, Eastern Georgia)
Authors: Maisuradze Vissarion , Pirtskhalava Marina 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

In the Sighnaghi museum there is a bronze bouterolle found by chance during earthworks in the village of Patardzeuli in Kakhetia (Eastern Georgia). This cast bronze object in the shape of a rhyton and 12 cm long is the terminal of a wooden dagger sheath (or a wooden one once covered in leather). The terminal tapers evenly downwards and then broadens out to one side with a curved open-work detail representing a highly stylized depiction of a bird’s head: it consists of an imitation of a delicate spiral resembling a curved beak, while the eye is conveyed by a round knob positioned on the main part of the terminal next to the lateral detail. There are two rows of round knobs around the top rim of the bouterolle: between them there are two holes on each side of the object passing right through it, thus allowing it to be attached to the wood.
Objects of this category have been recorded in various versions in the Caucasus and in modified versions outside. In places, where a context for such finds has made it possible, the period during which they were used has been defined as the second half of the 7th and the 6th century BC. Mapping of such finds indicates that the area of distribution for these terminals is confined mainly to the Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Although heads of birds of prey with their clearly defined large eyes and large curved beaks are one of the most popular motifs in the repertoire of the Animal Style of the Scythians, bouterolles of the type in question are not found in Scythian culture as such. An exception is the terminal from Repyakhovataya Mogila, which in its shape, manner of execution and proportions stands out from the rest and has been classified as a Scythian variant of the Caucasian bouterolles.
Our research has led us to conclude that the fashioning of the scabbard chape in the shape of a bird’s head can be traced back to the practice of a local tradition in the Caucasus. We suggest that on the bouterolle from Patardzeuli, as for the other terminals from this series, the widely known motif of a bird’s head has been interpreted in a specific style intrinsic only to these objects, which gave rise to this special form of terminal. All the features, which set this group apart from artefacts of Scythian type from the same period, make it possible to conclude that bronze bouterolles of the type examined here represent a phenomenon from the Caucasus.
Automatic detection of depleted fixture trap seals using the reflected wave technique
Authors: Kelly David A , Gormley Michael 
Published: June 2013

The loss of fixture trap seals presents a potential cross-contamination route for sewer-borne pathogens. The defective trap identification method was developed to assess the status of trap seals using a non-destructive ‘sonar-like’ test based on the reflected wave technique. System diagnosis, proven over several years of laboratory and sited-based validation, primarily depended on manual interpretation of system pressure responses to identify the trap location from the reflected wave return time. This paper advances the technique by introducing the developed ‘TRACER’ program which includes a time series change detection algorithm allowing automatic system diagnosis. Outputs were validated against simulations using the AIRNET numerical model which, together with the ‘PROBE’ Method, was used to determine trap pipe periods, and therefore the location of defective trap seals, with improved accuracy over those calculated theoretically. This technique thus provides a reliable and automated approach to monitoring the protective seal between habitable space and the sewer network. Practical application: Once installed, the building drainage system is often afforded little consideration in terms of regular maintenance, due partly to the problem of the ‘out of sight, out of mind’ mentality which is so often associated with this fundamental system, but also due to the practicalities of executing such an onerous task. Armed with a greater appreciation of the health risks associated with fixture trap seal loss, due to understanding its role in the transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus in 2003, building owners, operators and regulators must take action to safeguard the integrity of this important protective seal.
Local versus General Anesthesia in Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Wegner Inge , Bittermann Arnold J. N. , Zinsmeester Margitta M. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. , Grolman Wilko 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo assess hearing results following primary stapes surgery in patients with otosclerosis, comparing local and general anesthesia.Data SourcesPubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Scopus.Review MethodsA systematic search was conducted, followed by assessment of directness of evidence and risk of bias. Studies reporting original data on the effect of local anesthesia, compared to general anesthesia, on closure of air‐bone gap in patients undergoing stapes surgery for otosclerosis were included.ResultsA total of 257 unique studies were retrieved, of which 3 (including 417 procedures) satisfied the eligibility criteria. Assessment showed that all studies carried high risk of bias, and only 1 study provided direct evidence.ConclusionThere is no difference in postoperative air‐bone gap, worsening of sensorineural hearing loss, and postoperative vertigo between the 2 groups. A statistically significant increased risk of immediate dead ear following stapes surgery performed under general anesthesia was reported in 1 study.
Catastrophic Head and Neck Injuries in Judo Players in Japan From 2003 to 2010
Authors: Kamitani Takeshi , Nimura Yuji , Nagahiro Shinji , Miyazaki Seiji , Tomatsu Taisuke 
Published: June 2013

Background: Few studies have documented catastrophic head and neck injuries in judo, but these injuries deserve greater attention. Purpose: To determine the features of catastrophic head and neck injuries in judo. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: This study was based on the accident reports submitted to the All Japan Judo Federation’s System for Compensation for Loss or Damage. A total of 72 judo injuries (30 head, 19 neck, and 23 other injuries) were reported between 2003 and 2010. The investigated parameters were mechanism of injury, age at time of injury, length of judo experience, diagnosis, and outcome. Results: Among head injuries, 27 of 30 (90%) occurred in players younger than 20 years of age. The relationship between age, mechanism, and location of injury was more relevant when players younger than 20 years incurred head injury while being thrown ( P = .0026). Among neck injuries, 13 of 19 (68%) occurred in players with more than 36 months of experience. The relationship between experience, mechanism, and location of injury was more relevant when experienced players incurred neck injury while executing an offensive maneuver ( P = .0294). Acute subdural hematoma was diagnosed in 94% of head injuries. The outcomes of head injury were as follows: 15 players died; 5 were in a persistent vegetative state; 6 required assistance because of higher brain dysfunction, hemiplegia, or aphasia; and 4 had full recovery. Among neck injuries, 18 players were diagnosed with cervical spine injury, 11 of whom had fracture-dislocation of the cervical vertebra; there was also 1 case of atlantoaxial subluxation. The outcomes of neck injury were as follows: 7 players had complete paralysis, 7 had incomplete paralysis, and 5 had full recovery. Conclusion: Neck injuries were associated with having more experience and executing offensive maneuvers, whereas head injuries were associated with age younger than 20 years and with being thrown.
Pasteurized Human Donor Milk Use among US Level 3 Neonatal Intensive Care Units
Authors: Parker Margaret G. K. , Barrero-Castillero Alejandra , Corwin Brian K. , Kavanagh Patricia L. , Belfort Mandy B. , Wang C. Jason 
Published: June 2013

Background: Pasteurized human donor milk (DM) is recommended by the World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics for preterm infants when mother’s own milk is unavailable, yet the extent and predictors of use and criteria for use in US neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are unknown. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate current DM use in US level 3 NICUs and predictors and criteria of use. Methods: We sent mail surveys to 302 US level 3 NICU directors. We used multivariable logistic regression to analyze predictors of DM use. Results: Survey response rate was 60%, and 76 of 182 (42%) directors reported DM use. Among DM users, 30% have used DM < 2 years and 55% for 2 to 5 years. Among nonusers, 63% were uncertain of turnaround time when ordering DM, 36% were unclear what guidelines milk banks followed, and 31% were unsure of parent receptiveness. In multivariate analyses, > 800 annual admissions (odds ratio [OR], 4.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-11.82; reference ≤ 400 admissions) and location in the Midwest (OR, 3.02; 95% CI, 1.17-7.76) and West (OR, 6.33; 95% CI, 2.28-15.57; reference Northeast) were positively associated with DM use; safety-net hospitals (> 75% Medicaid insurance) were negatively associated (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89). Conclusion: Pasteurized human donor milk use is rapidly emerging among US level 3 NICUs. Larger NICUs and those in the West and Midwest were more likely to use DM, while safety-net hospitals were less likely to use DM. Lack of knowledge by medical directors of accessibility, safety, and parental receptiveness may be barriers to DM use.
Dose-Related Paresthesias With Venlafaxine
Authors: Angelo Louise J. , Lee Kelly C. 
Published: June 2013

Introduction: Venlafaxine is a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is used for mood, anxiety, and pain disorders. We report a case of dose-related paresthesias in association with venlafaxine use in a patient with major depressive disorder. Case report: A young male patient with major depression started treatment with venlafaxine XR at 37.5 mg/d, and the dose was titrated to 75 mg/d with no significant adverse effects. Upon increasing the dose to 150 mg/d, the patient reported tingling, numbness, and itching in his upper extremities. The dose was reduced to 75 mg/d, at which time, the symptoms disappeared. Since the patient still had target symptoms of depression, the patient was willing to try increasing the dose back to 150 mg/d. Upon rechallenge, the tingling, numbness, and itching reappeared. The dose of venlafaxine was decreased back to 75 mg/d. Per the Naranjo scale, the probability score for the above adverse drug reaction is 5 (probable). We discuss the published evidence of paresthesias associated with antidepressants and clinical implications for recognizing paresthesias during venlafaxine treatment that may be useful for clinicians. Conclusion: Clinicians need to be aware of the possible emergence of paresthesias with venlafaxine treatment, especially at doses of ≥150 mg/day. Patients who receive venlafaxine for pain disorders should be closely monitored for worsening of pain symptoms and may require adjustment of their doses.
Effects of sustained hypoxia on sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle during development
Authors: Carberry Jayne C. , McMorrow Clodagh , Bradford Aidan , Jones James F.X. , O’Halloran Ken D. 
Published: June 2013

Sustained hypoxia is a dominant feature of respiratory disease. Despite the clinical significance, the effects of sustained hypoxia on the form and function of respiratory muscle during development are relatively underexplored.Wistar rats were exposed to 1 week of sustained hypoxia (ambient pressure 450 mmHg) or normoxia at various time points during development. Sternohyoid and diaphragm muscle contractile and endurance properties were assessedin vitro. Muscle succinate dehydrogenase and myosin heavy chain composition were determined. The role of reactive oxygen species in hypoxia-induced muscle remodelling was assessed.Sustained hypoxia increased sternohyoid muscle force and fatigue in early but not late development, effects that persisted after return to normoxia. Hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle fatigue was not attributable to fibre type transitions or to a decrease in oxidative capacity. Chronic supplementation with the superoxide scavenger tempol did not prevent hypoxia-induced sternohyoid muscle fatigue, suggesting that mechanisms unrelated to oxidative stress underpin hypoxia-induced maladaptation in sternohyoid muscle. Sustained hypoxia had no effect on diaphragm muscle fatigue.We conclude that there are critical windows during development for hypoxia-induced airway dilator muscle maladaptation. Sustained hypoxia-induced impairment of upper airway muscle endurance may persist into later life. Upper airway muscle dysfunction could have deleterious consequences for the control of pharyngeal airway calibrein vivo.
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 is associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma poor prognosis and metastasis
Authors: Liu Li-na , Huang Pei-yu , Lin Zhi-rui , Hu Li-juan , Liang Jian-zhong , Li Man-zhi , Tang Lin-quan , Zeng Mu-sheng , Zhong Qian , Zeng Bo-hang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) samples, and to identify whether PTK6 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NPC.

Methods
We used quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis to detect mRNA and protein expression of PTK6 in NPC cell lines and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines. 31 NPC and 16 non-tumorous nasopharyngeal mucosa biopsies were collected to detect the difference in the expression of mRNA level of PTK6 by quantitative RT-PCR. We also collected 178 NPC and 10 normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cases with clinical follow-up data to investigate the expression of PTK6 by immunohistochemistry staining (IHC). PTK6 overexpression on cell growth and colony formation ability were measured by the method of cell proliferation assay and colony formation assay.

Results
The expression of PTK6 was higher in most of NPC cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels than in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cell lines (NPECs) induced by Bmi-1 (Bmi-1/NPEC1, and Bmi-1/NPEC2). The mRNA level of PTK6 was high in NPC biopsies compared to non-tumorous nasopharyngeal mucosa biopsies. IHC results showed the expression of PTK6 was significantly correlated to tumor size (P<0.001), clinical stage (P<0.001), and metastasis (P=0.016). The patients with high-expression of PTK6 had a significantly poor prognosis compared to those of low-expression (47.8% versus 80.0%, P<0.001), especially in the patients at the advanced stages (42.2% versus 79.1%, P<0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that the level of PTK6 expression was an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of patients with NPC (P <0.001). Overexpression of PTK6 in HNE1 cells enhanced the ability of cell proliferation and colony formation.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that high-expression of PTK6 is an independent factor for NPC patients and it might serve as a potential prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
Enhanced photoluminescence from porous silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Zhang Chunqian , Li Chuanbo , Liu Zhi , Zheng Jun , Xue Chunlai , Zuo Yuhua , Cheng Buwen , Wang Qiming 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The enhanced room-temperature photoluminescence of porous Si nanowire arrays and its mechanism are investigated. Over 4 orders of magnitude enhancement of light intensity is observed by tuning their nanostructures and surface modification. It is concluded that the localized states related to Si-O bonds and self-trapped excitations in the nanoporous structures are attributed to the strong light emission.
Threshold optimization of a finite sample-based cognitive radio network using energy detector
Authors: Singh Ajay , Bhatnagar Manav R , Mallik Ranjan K 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio network containing two cognitive radios (CRs) and one primary user. The CRs utilize finite number of received data samples for estimating the energy of the primary signals and forward these energy estimates to a fusion center (FC). The FC combines the energy estimates and utilizes a global threshold based on the exact knowledge of local thresholds of the CRs for determining the presence or absence of the primary signal. We propose selective and semi-selective soft combining schemes for this set-up. For the proposed schemes, we derive the total probability of error of detecting a spectrum hole. By minimizing the total probability of error in sensing a spectrum hole, we find optimized local and global thresholds. Moreover, we also discuss the optimization of conventional non-selective soft and 1-bit hard combining schemes with multiple (equal to or more than two) collaborative CRs under the total probability of error minimization criterion. It is shown by simulations that the proposed selective soft combination-based scheme significantly outperforms the conventional non-selective schemes based on soft combination and 1-bit hard combination. Further, it is shown by simulation that the proposed selective soft combining scheme along with the total probability of error minimization criterion is able to properly utilize a spectrum hole with interference level less than the standard specified value.