bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Point-of-Care VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease Test in 7 Countries
Authors: Gils Tinne , Hella Jerry , Jacobs Bart K M , Sossen Bianca , Mukoka Madalo , Muyoyeta Monde , Nakabugo Elizabeth , Van Nguyen Hung , Ubolyam Sasiwimol , Macé Aurélien , Vermeulen Marcia , Nyangu Sarah , Sanjase Nsala , Sasamalo Mohamed , Dinh Huong Thi , Ngo The Anh , Manosuthi Weerawat , Jirajariyavej Supunnee , Denkinger Claudia M , Nguyen Nhung Viet , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Nakiyingi Lydia , Székely Rita , Kerkhoff Andrew D , MacPherson Peter , Meintjes Graeme , Reither Klaus , Ruhwald Morten 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
CD4 measurement is pivotal in the management of advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. VISITECT CD4 Advanced Disease (VISITECT; AccuBio, Ltd) is an instrument-free, point-of-care, semiquantitative test allowing visual identification of CD4 ≤ 200 cells/µL or &gt;200 cells/ µL from finger-prick or venous blood.

Methods
As part of a diagnostic accuracy study of FUJIFILM SILVAMP TB LAM, people with HIV ≥18 years old were prospectively recruited in 7 countries from outpatient departments if a tuberculosis symptom was present, and from inpatient departments. Participants provided venous blood for CD4 measurement using flow cytometry (reference standard) and finger-prick blood for VISITECT (index text), performed at point-of-care. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of VISITECT to determine CD4 ≤ 200 cells/ µL were evaluated.

Results
Among 1604 participants, the median flow cytometry CD4 was 367 cells/µL (interquartile range, 128–626 cells/µL) and 521 (32.5%) had CD4 ≤ 200 cells/µL. VISITECT sensitivity was 92.7% (483/521; 95% confidence interval [CI], 90.1%–94.7%) and specificity was 61.4% (665/1083; 95% CI, 58.4%–64.3%). For participants with CD4 0–100, 101–200, 201–300, 301–500, and &gt;500 cells/µL, VISITECT misclassified 4.5% (95% CI, 2.5%–7.2%), 12.5 (95% CI, 8.0%–18.2%), 74.1% (95% CI, 67.0%–80.5%), 48.0% (95% CI, 42.5%–53.6%), and 22.6% (95% CI, 19.3%–26.3%), respectively.

Conclusions
VISITECT's sensitivity, but not specificity, met the World Health Organization's minimal sensitivity and specificity threshold of 80% for point-of-care CD4 tests. VISITECT's quality needs to be assessed and its accuracy optimized. VISITECT’s utility as CD4 triage test should be investigated.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04089423.
The Second Wave of Attention Economics. Attention as a Universal Symbolic Currency on Social Media and beyond
Authors: Heitmayer Maxi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since the advent of social media, capturing and holding the attention of people has become paramount for the success of products, political messages and even research. The economics of attention is often seen as part of the market economy. We argue that a larger societal transformation is underway, which will see attention become the defining currency that moves individuals, exchanges, and many other elements of society. This paper connects the attention economy to the institutional foundations of modernity. It then discusses how attention can be accumulated and exchanged like a currency and proposes a dual-stream model distinguishing between calcified and flow attention. Based on this model, we investigate recent developments facilitating the use of attention as a currency, and their potential impact on our daily lives more generally. We conclude by providing an outlook and concrete questions for future research to understand where the economics of attention economy is heading.
Representation of Social Determinants of Health terminology in medical subject headings: impact of added terms
Authors: Suda-King Chikako , Winch Lucas , Tucker James M , Zuehlke Abbey D , Hunter Christine , Simmons Janine M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To enhance and evaluate the quality of PubMed search results for Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) through the addition of new SDoH terms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).

Materials and Methods
High priority SDoH terms and definitions were collated from authoritative sources, curated based on publication frequencies, and refined by subject matter experts. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate how PubMed search details and best match results were affected by the addition of SDoH concepts to MeSH. Three information retrieval metrics (Precision, Recall, and F measure) were used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of PubMed search results. Pre- and post-update documents were clustered into topic areas using a Natural Language Processing pipeline, and SDoH relevancy assessed.

Results
Addition of 35 SDoH terms to MeSH resulted in more accurate algorithmic translations of search terms and more reliable best match results. The Precision, Recall, and F measures of post-update results were significantly higher than those of pre-update results. The percentage of retrieved publications belonging to SDoH clusters was significantly greater in the post- than pre-update searches.

Discussion
This evaluation confirms that inclusion of new SDoH terms in MeSH can lead to qualitative and quantitative enhancements in PubMed search retrievals. It demonstrates the methodology for and impact of suggesting new terms for MeSH indexing. It provides a foundation for future efforts across behavioral and social science research (BSSR) domains.

Conclusion
Improving the representation of BSSR terminology in MeSH can improve PubMed search results, thereby enhancing the ability of investigators and clinicians to build and utilize a cumulative BSSR knowledge base.
Pregnancy episodes in All of Us: harnessing multi-source data for pregnancy-related research
Authors: Smith Louisa H , Wang Wanjiang , Keefe-Oates Brianna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The National Institutes of Health’s All of Us Research Program addresses gaps in biomedical research by collecting health data from diverse populations. Pregnant individuals have historically been underrepresented in biomedical research, and pregnancy-related research is often limited by data availability, sample size, and inadequate representation of the diversity of pregnant people. All of Us integrates a wealth of health-related data, providing a unique opportunity to conduct comprehensive pregnancy-related research. We aimed to identify pregnancy episodes with high-quality electronic health record (EHR) data in All of Us Research Program data and evaluate the program’s utility for pregnancy-related research.

Materials and Methods
We used a previously published algorithm to identify pregnancy episodes in All of Us EHR data. We described these pregnancies, validated them with All of Us survey data, and compared them to national statistics.

Results
Our study identified 18 970 pregnancy episodes from 14 234 participants; other possible pregnancy episodes had low-quality or insufficient data. Validation against people who reported a current pregnancy on an All of Us survey found low false positive and negative rates. Demographics were similar in some respects to national data; however, Asian-Americans were underrepresented, and older, highly educated pregnant people were overrepresented.

Discussion
Our approach demonstrates the capacity of All of Us to support pregnancy research and reveals the diversity of the pregnancy cohort. However, we noted an underrepresentation among some demographics. Other limitations include measurement error in gestational age and limited data on non-live births.

Conclusion
The wide variety of data in the All of Us program, encompassing EHR, survey, genomic, and fitness tracker data, offers a valuable resource for studying pregnancy, yet care must be taken to avoid biases.
Native Polistes wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) hold potential as biocontrol agents for lepidopteran pests of Brassica
Authors: Jandt Jennifer M , McCall Erin , Toth Amy L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Social paper wasps regularly prey upon lepidopteran larvae, some of which are economically impactful agricultural pest species. We examined the potential of native North American Polistes metricus Say (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and Polistes fuscatus (Fabricius) for biocontrol of Brassica L. pests in an experimental setting. First, we translocated P. metricus to one-half of a divided screened hoop house and placed a mix of 4th–5th instar lepidopteran larvae (Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Pieris spp. Schrank (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)) on half of the broccoli plants on both sides of the hoop house. We recorded and replaced missing caterpillars daily, and assessed leaf damage after 1 wk. P. metricus was 100% effective at removing all caterpillars from the wasp side of the hoop house, and plant damage by caterpillars was significantly reduced in the presence of wasps. We then replicated the study using a different combination of Polistes (fuscatus) and Brassica crop (kale) with a 2 × 2 experimental design in which plants had either T. ni larvae added or absent (factor 1), and were either covered with insect mesh or left exposed (factor 2). By the second day of exposure to these pest species, wasps removed over 80% of the larvae within 3 h of placing them on the plants. We discuss implications of this study for the potential use of native Polistes wasps as an integrated pest management strategy.
Enhanced CCR2 expression by ACKR2-deficient NK cells increases tumoricidal cell therapy efficacy
Authors: Hayes Alan J , Pingen Marieke , Wilson Gillian , Hansell Chris , Love Samantha , Burgoyne Paul , McElroy Daniel , Bartolini Robin , Vidler Francesca , Schuette Fabian , Gamble Alistair , Campbell Jordan , Galatis Dimitrios , Campbell John D M , Graham Gerard J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chemokines regulate leukocyte navigation to inflamed sites and specific tissue locales and may therefore be useful for ensuring accurate homing of cell therapeutic products. We, and others, have shown that atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2)-deficient mice (ACKR2−/−) are protected from metastasis development in cell line and spontaneous mouse models. We have shown that this relates to enhanced CCR2 expression on ACKR2−/− natural killer cells, allowing them to home more effectively to CCR2 ligand-expressing metastatic deposits. Here we demonstrate that the metastatic-suppression phenotype in ACKR2−/− mice is not a direct effect of the absence of ACKR2. Instead, enhanced natural killer cell CCR2 expression is caused by passenger mutations that originate from the creation of the ACKR2−/− mouse strain in 129 embryonic stem cells. We further demonstrate that simple selection of CCR2+ natural killer cells enriches for a population of cells with enhanced antimetastatic capabilities. Given the widespread expression of CCR2 ligands by tumors, our study highlights CCR2 as a potentially important contributor to natural killer cell tumoricidal cell therapy.
Global, regional, and national burden of cancers attributable to occupational risks from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Ling Shiliang , Zhou Lihong , Wu Yanfeng , Zhang Xiaoling , Han Wulong , Cui Lihua , Luan Zhiyu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease study, the burden of cancer attributable to occupational risks between 1990 and 2019 was explored.

Methods
The estimated burden in different regions was compared in terms of the age-standardized death rates (ASDRs), age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates, and corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). The comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate the risk of death and DALYs attributable to occupational risk factors.

Results
Globally from 1990 to 2019, ASDRs decreased (EAPC = −0.69; 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.61), and age-standardized DALY rates decreased (EAPC = −0.99; 95% CI: −1.05 to −0.94). In terms of the global age distribution of cancer attributable to occupational risk factors, the death rate and DALY rates increased with age. In addition, from 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths, DALYs, ASDRs, and age-standardized DALY rates in men were higher than those in women, and the cancer burden grew fastest in Georgia (EAPC = 5.04), Croatia (EAPC = 4.01), and Honduras (EAPC = 3.54). Moreover, as the sociodemographic index (SDI) value of a country or region increased, its burden of cancer attributable to occupational risk factors rapidly increased.

Conclusions
The global cancer burden attributable to occupational risk factors declined from 1990 to 2019, was higher in men than in women, and was concentrated in middle-aged and older adults. The baseline cancer burdens of regions or countries increased as their SDI values increased and were especially high in high-SDI regions or countries.
Neuroprotection for Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Griauzde Julius , Chaudhary Neeraj , Gemmete Joseph J , Pandey Aditya S , Xi Guohua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a highly morbid condition. Neurological injury in ICH is the result of primary and secondary mechanisms. Traditional neuroprotective therapy in ICH has centered on mitigation of primary neurological injury. More recently, secondary mechanisms of neurological injury, including inflammation, oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier disruption, apoptosis, and brain iron overload, have been investigated as potential targets for neuroprotection. Our understanding of neuroprotection continues to evolve, and novel neuroprotectants are currently under investigation. Combination therapies, which disrupt injurious mechanisms at several points, may be investigated in the future. Several compounds have been shown to have neuroprotective properties in animal models of ICH and other types of neurological injury. These therapies act by improving coagulation, enhancing clot removal, and chelating iron. There is, however, no convincing scientific evidence that any of these agents benefit ICH patients.
Role of chemotherapy in colorectal cancers
Authors: Parisier Ethan L. , Ocean Allyson J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for almost 10% of cancer diagnoses and is the second most common cause of cancer death. Since the advent of chemotherapy like 5-fluorouracil, new, efficacious therapeutic modalities have emerged, leading to treatment choices becoming increasingly individualized and specific. Despite these advances, chemotherapy plays a significant role in adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and systemic treatment. The use of chemotherapy is limited in early-stage CRC, where curative resection is more likely. However, adjuvant therapy is considered if tumours display clinicopathologic features that increase the chance of recurrence. Chemotherapy, often alongside targeted therapies, is more integral when treating metastatic CRC, with decision-making influenced by genetic mutations, a patient’s treatment history, and the possibility of surgical resection of metastases.
Diverticular disease
Authors: Kumar Ravin R. , Michel-Ruddy John A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Acute diverticulitis is one of the most common indications for hospitalization and one of the leading indications for elective and emergency colon surgery. The diagnosis of diverticulitis can be made clinically, relying on history, physical, and laboratory results alone, especially in patients who have had previous confirmed episodes of diverticulitis. CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is the imaging modality of choice. Sensitivity and specificity have been shown to be as high as 98% and 97%, respectively. The presence of perforation, abscess, obstruction, or fistula formation define complicated diverticulitis. Patients with mild, uncomplicated diverticulitis can often be treated successfully on an outpatient basis.
Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS)
Authors: Yoon Dong Hum , Cologne Kyle , Lee Sang W. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery (CELS) is a unique surgical approach developed to manage benign appearing polyps that are endoscopically unresectable. This technique combines the benefits of the laparoscopic extraluminal and endoscopic luminal modalities to allow for complete and safe endoscopic resection of difficult polyps. The laparoscopic aspect also allows the surgeon to detect and repair full-thickness injuries from the endoscopic resection in real time. Alternatively, the endoscopic intraluminal perspective allows for complete resection of polyps during laparoscopic colonic wedge resection. The implementation of both modalities is synergistic in allowing for polyp resection without a colectomy. Though large randomized control studies are lacking, the outcomes, safety, and efficacy of CELS have been reported in multiple small series, and it remains an important part of a surgeon’s armamentarium.
Thoracic
Authors: Morchi Ravi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An examination-oriented review of thoracic surgery, the chapter starts with tracheal stenoses, fistulae, and operative approach. This is followed by pulmonary anatomy, lymphatics, and diagnostic and functional lung testing. It then describes the workup and treatment of carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Commonly tested benign lung pathology follows. Pleural disease including infection, chylothorax, pneumothorax and hemothorax are the subject of the next section. The chapter then moves into mediastinal anatomy, surgical access, and a comprehensive review of mediastinal masses including diagnosis and treatment. Mediastinal infection is also summarized. The chapter closes with a brief outline of chest wall masses and a short summary of lung transplant.
Optical spectroscopic classification of a selection of Southern Hemisphere 3FHL blazar candidates
Authors: Marais J P , van Soelen B 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The Fermi-LAT has detected more than 7000 $\gamma$-ray sources which show emission above 50 MeV of which more than half are associated with blazars. However, the Fourth Fermi-LAT catalogue (4FGL-DR4) lists 1625 of these as blazar candidates of uncertain type. Increasing the number of classified Fermi-LAT sources is important for improving our understanding of extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources and can be used to search for new classes of very high energy sources. We report on the optical spectroscopy of twelve blazar candidates with hard photon indices included in the Third Catalogue of Hard Fermi-LAT Sources during 2016 and 2017 using the SAAO 1.9-m telescope. We classify all the sources observed as BL Lac objects, and determine the potential spectroscopic redshift for seven of them.
Dark energy survey year 3 results: miscentring calibration and X-ray-richness scaling relations in redMaPPer clusters
Authors: Kelly P M , Jobel J , Eiger O , Abd A , Jeltema T E , Giles P , Hollowood D L , Wilkinson R D , Turner D J , Bhargava S , Everett S , Farahi A , Romer A K , Rykoff E S , Wang F , Bocquet S , Cross D , Faridjoo R , Franco J , Gardner G , Kwiecien M , Laubner D , McDaniel A , O’Donnell J H , Sanchez L , Schmidt E , Sripada S , Swart A , Upsdell E , Webber A , Aguena M , Allam S , Alves O , Bacon D , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carretero J , Collins C A , Costanzi M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Davis T M , Doel P , Ferrero I , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Giannini G , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Hilton M , Hinton S R , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Mann R G , Marshall J L , Mena-Fernández J , Miller C J , Miquel R , Myles J , Palmese A , Pieres A , Plazas Malagón A A , Rooney P J , Sahlen M , Sanchez E , Sanchez Cid D , Schubnell M , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Stott J P , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , To C , Viana P T P , Weaverdyck N , Wiseman P ,   DES Collaboration
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We use Dark Energy Survey Year 3 (DES Y3) clusters with archival XMM–Newton and Chandra X-ray data to assess the centring performance of the redMaPPer cluster finder and to measure key richness observable scaling relations. We find that 10–20 per cent of redMaPPer clusters are miscentred, both when comparing to the X-ray peak position and to the visually identified central cluster galaxy. We find no significant difference in miscentring in bins of low versus high richness or redshift. The dominant reasons for miscentring include masked or missing data and the presence of other bright galaxies in the cluster. For half of the miscentred clusters, the correct central was one of the possible centrals identified by redMaPPer, while for ∼40 per cent of miscentred clusters, the correct central is not a redMaPPer member mostly due to masking. Additionally, we fit scaling relations of X-ray temperature and luminosity with richness. We find a TX–λ scatter of $0.21\pm 0.01$. While the scatter in TX–λ is consistent in redshift bins, we find modestly different slopes, with high-redshift clusters displaying a somewhat shallower relation. Splitting based on richness, we find a marginally larger scatter for our lowest richness bin, 20 &lt; λ &lt; 40. We note that the robustness of the scaling relations at lower richnesses is limited by the unknown selection function, but at λ &gt; 75, we detect nearly all of the clusters falling within existing X-ray pointings. The X-ray properties of detected, serendipitous clusters are generally consistent with those of targeted clusters.
Patients’ considerations of time toxicity when assessing cancer treatments with marginal benefit
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Brundage Michael D , Galica Jacqueline , Karim Safiya , Koven Rachel , Ng Terry L , O’Donnell Jennifer , tenHove Julia , Robinson Andrew , Booth Christopher M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Effective techniques for eliciting patients’ preferences regarding their own care, when treatment options offer marginal gains and different risks, is an important clinical need. We sought to evaluate the association between patients’ considerations of the time burdens of care (“time toxicity”) with decisions about hypothetical treatment options.

Methods
We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter, mixed-methods study that evaluated patients’ attitudes and preferences toward palliative-intent cancer treatments that delayed imaging progression-free survival (PFS) but did not improve overall survival (OS). We classified participants based on if they spontaneously volunteered one or more consideration of time burdens during qualitative interviews after treatment trade-off exercises. We compared the percentage of participants who opted for treatments with no PFS gain, some PFS gain, or who declined treatment regardless of PFS gain (in the absence of OS benefit). We conducted narrative analysis of themes related to time burdens.

Results
The study cohort included 100 participants with advanced cancer (55% women, 63% age &gt; 60 years, 38% with gastrointestinal cancer, and 80% currently receiving cancer-directed treatment. Forty-six percent (46/100) spontaneously described time burdens as a factor they considered in making treatment decisions. Participants who mentioned time (vs not) had higher thresholds for PFS gains required for choosing additional treatments (P value .004). Participants who mentioned time were more likely to decline treatments with no OS benefit irrespective of the magnitude of PFS benefit (65%, vs 31%). On qualitative analysis, we found that time burdens are influenced by several treatment-related factors and have broad-ranging impact, and illustrate how patients’ experiences with time burdens and their preferences regarding time influence their decisions.

Conclusions
Almost half of participating patients spontaneously raised the issue of time burdens of cancer care when making hypothetical treatment decisions. These patients had notable differences in treatment preferences compared to those who did not mention considerations of time. Decision science researchers and clinicians should consider time burdens as an important attribute in research and in clinic.