bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further Study on the Component Related to Ion Solvation of the Liquid Junction Potential between Electrolyte Solutions in Different Solvents
Authors: Izutsu Kosuke 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The liquid junction potential between electrolyte solutions in different solvents has been studied, paying attention to why the values of the component related to ion solvation are actually much smaller than the values expected from the differences in ionic standard chemical potentials.
Debromination of 1,2-Bis(phenylseleno)benzene Dibromide
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Fujita Masahiro , Kanatomi Yoshihiko , Ishimura Kazuya 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The reaction of bis(phenylseleno)benzene dibromide 1 with tribromoborane afforded bromoselenonium tetrabromoborate 2, which has a weak CT interaction between the two selenium atoms. Using Ag reagents provided the first examples of 5-phenylselenanthrenium salts.
Intrinsic Peroxidase-like Catalytic Activity of Hydrophilic Mesoporous Carbons
Authors: Huang Meng , Gu Jinlou , Elangovan S P , Li Yongsheng , Zhao Wenru , Iijima Toshio , Yamazaki Yasuo , Shi Jianlin 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Hydrophilic mesoporous carbons with an Ia3d mesostructure were successfully synthesized by a combined hydrothermal treatment and nanocasting strategy. The resultant carbon products were found to possess intrinsic peroxidase-like activity, and this catalytic activity could be further enhanced by the introduction of carboxy groups on their surfaces.
Electrochemical Switching of Luminescence in Ru(II)-based Metallosupramolecular Polymer Device
Authors: Muronoi Yu , Zhang Jian , Higuchi Masayoshi , Maki Hideyuki 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A Ru(II)-based metallosupramolecular polymer RuL1 was synthesized by complexation of a Ru(II) salt and phenylenebis(terpyridine). The long polymer chains were observed on a Si substrate using atomic force microscopy. Interestingly, a RuL1 film showed luminescence from the 3MLCT state of the Ru(II) complex moieties at room temperature by excitation at the resonant wavelength of the 1MLCT absorption. In addition, we fabricated a solid-state polymer device with a RuL1 film and achieved reversible switching of the luminescence by applying voltages (3 and −3 V) between indium tin oxide electrodes, which caused electrochemical redox between Ru(II) and Ru(III).
The Synthesis of a Heptacationic Porphyrin Trimer Connected with a Bipyridyl Linker on Axial Ligands
Authors: Shiragami Tsutomu , Mori Takahiro , Matsumoto Jin , Yasuda Masahide 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Tetracationic porphyrin dimers and heptacationic trimers were prepared by the connection of a bipyridyl linker with axial ligands of antimony(V) porphyrin and/or phosphorus(V) porphyrin complexes. The measurement of cyclic voltammetry and absorption spectra showed that the electrochemically reduced species was a long-lived species of antimony(IV) porphyrin chromophore.
Palladium-catalyzed Direct Arylation Approach to Synthesize Naphthalene Bisimide-based Low-band-gap Polymers
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Mori Hideharu 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A naphthalene bisimide (NBI)-based donor–acceptor (D–A) alternating low-band-gap polymer, which is an electron-transporting material, was successfully synthesized by palladium-catalyzed direct arylation. The obtained polymer had a relatively high molecular weight (Mn = 10000, Mw/Mn = 1.63), and 1H NMR analysis demonstrated that there were no structural defects.
Charge-carrier Transport in 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Derivatives Exhibiting Crystal Mesophases
Authors: Yatabe Tetsuo , Okumoto Hajime , Kawanishi Yuji , Inoue Takahito 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (BPB) derivatives with alkyl or alkoxy terminal chains were synthesized, and the mesomorphic and charge-carrier-transport properties were investigated. The BPB derivatives exhibited high charge-carrier mobilities in the crystal mesophase or crystal phase.
Syndromic and laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infection: a comparative study in China
Authors:   The NIMH Collaborative HIV/STD Prevention Trial Group, Yin Yue-Ping , Wu Zunyou , Lin Chunqing , Guan Jihui , wen Yi , Li Li , Detels Roger , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane 
Published: May 2013

Summary: The rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has soared in China. Yet, there is no universal consensus about the accuracy of the syndromic approach to STI management. This study aims to compare the syndromic approach with laboratory tests. A randomly selected sample of market vendors in eastern China (n = 4510) was recruited and assessed for the five most common STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis infection, gonorrhoea, genital herpes [herpes simplex type 2, HSV-2] syphilis and trichomoniasis [female only]). Symptom-based assessments made by physicians were compared with laboratory tests. Laboratory test results were used as the gold standard for the comparisons. The overall sensitivity of physician symptom-based assessment was about 10%; sensitivity was lower for males (1.6%) than for females (17.2%). The sensitivity of physician assessments for those who reported STI symptoms was relatively higher (36.7%) than for those who reported no symptoms (5.1%). More than half (54.37%) of the participants were diagnosed with STI of trichomoniasis. For the other four types of STIs, physicians correctly identified only <10% of the positive cases. The study detected a low sensitivity of STI diagnosis made by physicians in an Eastern city of China. The failure in the detection of asymptomatic patients remains one of the limitations of the syndromic approach.
Does chronic stress lead to increased rates of recurrences of genital herpes - a review of the psychoneuroimmunological evidence?
Authors: Goldmeier David , Garvey Lucy , Barton Simon 
Published: May 2013

Summary: It is a commonly expressed expert view that stress is associated with frequent recurrences of genital herpes (GH) but the evidence for this is poor and it is often asserted that stress is the result of GH rather than any other cause. We have reviewed the recent literature on this topic, restricting evidence to only prospective studies. We have further combined and integrated this evidence with both human and animal work in the psychoneuroimmunological field to come up with suggestive evidence that recurrence rates of GH are indeed associated with antecedent chronic stress/depression, whatever might be the cause. We further discuss the psychoneuroimmunological underpinning of the systemic features of the recurrent GH prodrome. Recommendations about holistic management of recurrent GH that include both pharmacological and psychological therapies are given.
Assessing the state of health research in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Ismail S A , McDonald A , Dubois E , Aljohani F G , Coutts A P , Majeed A , Rawaf S 
Published: May 2013

Summary Member states across the Eastern Mediterranean region face unprecedented health challenges, buffeted by demographic change, a dual disease burden, rising health costs, and the effects of ongoing conflict and population movements – exacerbated in the near-term by instability arising from recent political upheaval in the Middle East. However, health actors in the region are not well positioned to respond to these challenges because of a dearth of good quality health research. This review presents an assessment of the current state of health research systems across the Eastern Mediterranean based on publicly available literature and data sources. The review finds that – while there have been important improvements in productivity in the Region since the early 1990s – overall research performance is poor with critical deficits in system stewardship, research training and human resource development, and basic data surveillance. Translation of research into policy and practice is hampered by weak institutional and financial incentives, and concerns over the political sensitivity of findings. These problems are attributable primarily to chronic under-investment – both financial and political – in Research and Development systems. This review identifies key areas for a regional strategy and how to address challenges, including increased funding, research capacity-building, reform of governance arrangements and sustained political investment in research support. A central finding is that the poverty of publicly available data on research systems makes meaningful cross-comparisons of performance within the EMR difficult. We therefore conclude by calling for work to improve understanding of health research systems across the region as a matter of urgency.
Invariant Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Baucells Manel , Borgonovo Emanuele 
Published: May 2013

In evaluating opportunities, investors wish to identify key sources of uncertainty. We propose a new way to measure how sensitive model outputs are to each probabilistic input (e.g., revenues, growth, idiosyncratic risk parameters). We base our approach on measuring the distance between cumulative distributions (risk profiles) using a metric that is invariant to monotonic transformations. Thus, the sensitivity measure will not vary by alternative specifications of the utility function over the output. To measure separation, we propose using either Kuiper's metric or Kolmogorov–Smirnov's metric. We illustrate the advantages of our proposed sensitivity measure by comparing it with others, most notably, the contribution-to-variance measures. Our measure can be obtained as a by-product of a Monte Carlo simulation. We illustrate our approach in several examples, focusing on investment analysis situations.This paper was accepted by Peter Wakker, decision analysis.
Sale of Price Information by Exchanges: Does It Promote Price Discovery?
Authors: Cespa Giovanni , Foucault Thierry 
Published: May 2013

Exchanges sell both trading services and price information. We study how the joint pricing of these products affects price discovery and the distribution of gains from trade in an asset market. A wider dissemination of price information reduces pricing errors and the transfer from liquidity traders to speculators. This effect reduces the fee that speculators are willing to pay for trading. Therefore, to raise its revenue from trading, a for-profit exchange optimally charges a high fee for price information so that only a fraction of speculators buy this information. As a result, price discovery is not as efficient as it would be with free price information. This problem is less severe if the exchange must compensate liquidity traders for a fraction of their losses. This paper was accepted by Wei Xiong, finance.
Characterisation of oral and i.v. glucose handling in truncally vagotomised subjects with pyloroplasty
Authors: Plamboeck Astrid , Veedfald Simon , Deacon Carolyn F , Hartmann Bolette , Wettergren André , Svendsen Lars B , Meisner Søren , Hovendal Claus , Knop Filip K , Vilsbøll Tina , Holst Jens J 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveGlucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) is rapidly inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), but may interact with vagal neurons at its site of secretion. We investigated the role of vagal innervation for handling of oral and i.v. glucose.Design and methodsTruncally vagotomised subjects (n=16) and matched controls (n=10) underwent 50 g-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)±vildagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4i) and isoglycaemic i.v. glucose infusion (IIGI), copying the OGTT without DPP4i.ResultsIsoglycaemia was obtained with 25±2 g glucose in vagotomised subjects and 18±2 g in controls (P<0.03); thus, gastrointestinal-mediated glucose disposal (GIGD) – a measure of glucose handling (100%×(glucoseOGTT−glucoseIIGI/glucoseOGTT)) – was reduced in the vagotomised compared with the control group. Peak intact GLP1 concentrations were higher in the vagotomised group. Gastric emptying was faster in vagotomised subjects after OGTT and was unaffected by DPP4i. The early glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response was higher in vagotomised subjects. Despite this, the incretin effect was equal in both groups. DPP4i enhanced insulin secretion in controls, but had no effect in the vagotomised subjects. Controls suppressed glucagon concentrations similarly, irrespective of the route of glucose administration, whereas vagotomised subjects showed suppression only during IIGI and exhibited hyperglucagonaemia following OGTT. DPP4i further suppressed glucagon secretion in controls and tended to normalise glucagon responses in vagotomised subjects.ConclusionsGIGD is diminished, but the incretin effect is unaffected in vagotomised subjects despite higher GLP1 levels. This, together with the small effect of DPP4i, is compatible with the notion that part of the physiological effects of GLP1 involves vagal transmission.
State of Toner Exposure of Workers Who Handle Toners
Authors: Matsuda Yuko , Harada Yuji , Tanno Yuji 
Published: May 2013

State of Toner Exposure of Workers Who Handle Toners: Yuko MATSUDA, et al. Wellness Promotion Center, Labor Relations, Corporate Human Resources, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Japan—ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to ascertain the actual state of toner exposure of workers who handle toner.MethodsPersonal exposure measurements were conducted on workers handling toner in which the respirable dust (RD) concentration by work type was determined. Targeted work types consisted of “machine recycling”, “toner manufacturing”, “toner research/development”, “machine design/development” and “servicing.” The implementation period lasted from April 2003 to March 2011, and measurements were conducted annually. The measurement method conformed to the Japanese Working Environment Measurement Standards (new standards adopted starting in 2005).ResultsComparing the RD concentrations for fiscal year 2003 by work, significant differences were found between machine recycling and the other four work types, as well as in toner manufacturing and the other four work types. Similarly, based on the new legislative standards applied in Japan from fiscal year 2005, significant differences were found between machine recycling and the other four work types, as well as in toner manufacturing and the other four work types.DiscussionIt is clear that workers engaged in machine recycling and toner manufacturing are exposed to toner, and that a certain level of exposure is continuing. Although it cannot be said that workers involved in toner research/development, machine design/development and servicing have no toner exposure, the concentration is of an extremely low level.ConclusionsAt present, toner exposure levels by work type can be divided into two groups—one consisting of machine recycling and toner manufacturing, and the other consisting of toner research/development, machine design/development and servicing.
Pleistocene Homo and the updated Stone Age sequence of South Africa
Authors: Dusseldorp Gerrit , Lombard Marlize , Wurz Sarah 
Published: May 2013

We provide a brief overview of how the rich South African Pleistocene Homo fossil record correlates with the recently revised Stone Age sequence. The overview and correlation of the data is intended to highlight gaps in the record and/or our understanding thereof, and to stimulate interdisciplinary research and debate on the Homo fossil and archaeological records spanning the Pleistocene. As an updated resource we present a complete inventory of known Pleistocene fossil material assigned to the genus Homo, and, where possible, its association with archaeological material. We demonstrate that (1) anatomical changes are not necessarily paralleled by changes in the archaeological sequence currently based on a range of technocomplexes, (2) the early Homo record of South Africa probably differs from that of East Africa, (3) mid-Pleistocene Homo might be associated with the Earlier to Middle Stone Age transitional phase and (4) the fossil record associated with the Middle Stone Age has wide anatomical variation. Also, hiatuses in the fossil record, such as that associated with the appearance of early Khoe-San-like populations, do not show concurrent hiatuses in the archaeological record. Thus, for a broader understanding of the demographic history of South Africa during the Pleistocene, both sources of information should be considered in tandem.
Renal Amyloidosis
Authors: Said Samar M. , Sethi Sanjeev , Valeri Anthony M. , Leung Nelson , Cornell Lynn D. , Fidler Mary E. , Herrera Hernandez Loren , Vrana Julie A. , Theis Jason D. , Quint Patrick S. , Dogan Ahmet , Nasr Samih H. 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
The kidney is the organ most commonly involved in systemic amyloidosis. This study reports the largest clinicopathologic series of renal amyloidosis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study provides characteristics of 474 renal amyloidosis cases evaluated at the Mayo Clinic Renal Pathology Laboratory from 2007 to 2011, including age, sex, serum creatinine, proteinuria, type of amyloid, and tissue distribution according to type.

Results
The type of amyloid was Ig amyloidosis in 407 patients (85.9%), AA amyloidosis in 33 (7.0%), leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis in 13 (2.7%), fibrinogen A α chain amyloidosis in 6 (1.3%), Apo AI, Apo AII, or Apo AIV amyloidosis in 3 (0.6%), combined AA amyloidosis/Ig heavy and light chain amyloidosis in 1 (0.2%), and unclassified in 11 (2.3%). Laser microdissection/mass spectrometry, performed in 147 cases, was needed to determine the origin of amyloid in 74 of the 474 cases (16%), whereas immunofluorescence failed to diagnose 28 of 384 light chain amyloidosis cases (7.3%). Leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis and Apo AI, Apo AII, or Apo AIV amyloidosis were characterized by diffuse interstitial deposition, whereas fibrinogen A α chain amyloidosis showed obliterative glomerular involvement. Compared with other types, Ig amyloidosis was associated with lower serum creatinine, higher degree of proteinuria, and amyloid spicules.

Conclusions
In the authors’ experience, the vast majority of renal amyloidosis cases are Ig derived. The newly identified leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis form was the most common of the rarer causes of renal amyloidosis. With the advent of laser microdissection/mass spectrometry for amyloid typing, the origin of renal amyloidosis can be determined in >97% of cases.
Conceptual Limitations of Balance Measures for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Pardasaney Poonam K. , Slavin Mary D. , Wagenaar Robert C. , Latham Nancy K. , Ni Pengsheng , Jette Alan M. 
Published: May 2013

Background
Psychometric limitations of balance measures for community-dwelling elderly may be related to gaps in task and environmental representation.

Objective
The purposes of this study were: (1) to conduct item-level content analysis of balance measures for community-dwelling elderly people based on task and environmental factors and (2) to develop profiles of individual measures summarizing their task and environment representation.

Design
A systematic content analysis was conducted.

Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify balance measures. Item-level content analysis was based on 7 criteria related to task and environment: (1) task role, (2) environmental variation, (3) object interaction, (4) obstacle negotiation, (5) external forces, (6) dual-tasking, and (7) moving people or objects in the environment.

Results
Twenty-six measures, containing 167 items, were identified. Task role was fairly evenly distributed, with the majority of items examining gait tasks (32.3%), followed by dynamic body stability (29.9%) and static body stability (25.1%). The majority of items involved no environmental variation (58.1%), followed by variation of support surfaces (20.4%), visual conditions (13.2%), and both support and visual conditions (8.4%). Limited task role variability was seen within measures, with 73.1% of measures examining only one task role. Environmental variation was present in 65.3% of measures, primarily during static body stability tasks. Few measures involved object interaction (23.1%), obstacle negotiation (38.5%), external forces (11.5%), dual-tasking (7.7%), or moving people or objects (0%).

Limitations
The classification framework was not externally validated.

Conclusions
Existing measures focus on single-task assessment in static environments, underrepresenting postural control demands in daily-life situations involving dynamic changing environments, person-environment interactions, and multitasking. New items better reflecting postural control demands in daily-life situations are needed for more ecologically valid balance assessment. Individual balance measure profiles provided can help identify the most appropriate measure for a given purpose.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of sodium nitrite in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a Phase IIA study
Authors: Oldfield Edward H. , Loomba Johanna J. , Monteith Stephen J. , Crowley R. Webster , Medel Ricky , Gress Daryl R. , Kassell Neal F. , Dumont Aaron S. , Sherman Craig 
Published: May 2013

Object
Intravenous sodium nitrite has been shown to prevent and reverse cerebral vasospasm in a primate model of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present Phase IIA dose-escalation study of sodium nitrite was conducted to determine the compound's safety in humans with aneurysmal SAH and to establish its pharmacokinetics during a 14-day infusion.

Methods
In 18 patients (3 cohorts of 6 patients each) with SAH from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm, nitrite (3 patients) or saline (3 patients) was infused. Sodium nitrite and saline were delivered intravenously for 14 days, and a dose-escalation scheme was used for the nitrite, with a maximum dose of 64 nmol/kg/min. Sodium nitrite blood levels were frequently sampled and measured using mass spectroscopy, and blood methemoglobin levels were continuously monitored using a pulse oximeter.

Results
In the 14-day infusions in critically ill patients with SAH, there was no toxicity or systemic hypotension, and blood methemoglobin levels remained at 3.3% or less in all patients. Nitrite levels increased rapidly during intravenous infusion and reached steady-state levels by 12 hours after the start of infusion on Day 1. The nitrite plasma half-life was less than 1 hour across all dose levels evaluated after stopping nitrite infusions on Day 14.

Conclusions
Previous preclinical investigations of sodium nitrite for the prevention and reversal of vasospasm in a primate model of SAH were effective using doses similar to the highest dose examined in the current study (64 nmol/kg/min). Results of the current study suggest that safe and potentially therapeutic levels of nitrite can be achieved and sustained in critically ill patients after SAH from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00873015 (ClinicalTrials.gov).