bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Photorhabdus Natural Product Inhibits Insect Juvenile Hormone Epoxide Hydrolase
Authors: Nollmann Friederike I. , Heinrich Antje K. , Brachmann Alexander O. , Morisseau Christophe , Mukherjee Krishnendu , Casanova‐Torres Ángel M. , Strobl Frederic , Kleinhans David , Kinski Sebastian , Schultz Katharina , Beeton Michael L. , Kaiser Marcel , Chu Ya‐Yun , Phan Ke Long , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Bozhüyük Kenan A. J. , Chantratita Narisara , Götz Friedrich , Waterfield Nick R. , Vilcinskas Andreas , Stelzer Ernst H. K. , Goodrich‐Blair Heidi , Hammock Bruce D. , Bode Helge B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSimple urea compounds (“phurealipids”) have been identified from the entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens, and their biosynthesis was elucidated. Very similar analogues of these compounds have been previously developed as inhibitors of juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH), a key enzyme in insect development and growth. Phurealipids also inhibit JHEH, and therefore phurealipids might contribute to bacterial virulence.
Understanding the Reactivity of Endohedral Metallofullerenes: C78versus Sc3N@C78
Authors: Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Solà Miquel , Fernández Israel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe physical factors behind the reduced Diels–Alder reactivity of the Sc3N@C78metallofullerene as compared with free C78have been investigated in detail by means of computational tools. To this end, the reactions between 1,3‐butadiene and free C78and endohedral Sc3N@C78have been analysed in terms of regioselectivity and reactivity by using the activation strain model of reactivity in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method. Additional factors such as the molecular orbital overlap or the aromaticity of the corresponding transition states have been also explored. Our results indicate that the lower reactivity of the metallofullerene finds its origin mainly in the less stabilizing interaction between the deformed reactants along the reaction coordinate induced by the triscandium nitride moiety.
Solvent‐free Liquid Crystals and Liquids from DNA
Authors: Liu Kai , Shuai Min , Chen Dong , Tuchband Michael , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. , Su Juanjuan , Liu Qing , Zajaczkowski Wojciech , Pisula Wojciech , Müllen Klaus , Clark Noel A. , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAs DNA exhibits persistent structures with dimensions that exceed the range of their intermolecular forces, solid‐state DNA undergoes thermal degradation at elevated temperatures. Therefore, the realization of solvent‐free DNA fluids, including liquid crystals and liquids, still remains a significant challenge. To address this intriguing issue, we demonstrate that combining DNA with suitable cationic surfactants, followed by dehydration, can be a simple generic scheme for producing these solvent‐free DNA fluid systems. In the anhydrous smectic liquid crystalline phase, DNA sublayers are intercalated between aliphatic hydrocarbon sublayers. The lengths of the DNA and surfactant are found to be extremely important in tuning the physical properties of the fluids. Stable liquid‐crystalline and liquid phases are obtained in the −20 °C to 200 °C temperature range without thermal degradation of the DNA. Thus, a new type of DNA‐based soft biomaterial has been achieved, which will promote the study and application of DNA in a much broader context.
Intrinsic and extrinsic innervation of the heart in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Stoyek Matthew R. , Croll Roger P. , Smith Frank M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn the vertebrate heart the intracardiac nervous system is the final common pathway for autonomic control of cardiac output, but the neuroanatomy of this system is not well understood. In this study we investigated the innervation of the heart in a model vertebrate, the zebrafish. We used antibodies against acetylated tubulin, human neuronal protein C/D, choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to visualize neural elements and their neurotransmitter content. Most neurons were located at the venous pole in a plexus around the sinoatrial valve; mean total number of cells was 197 ± 23, and 92% were choline acetyltransferase positive, implying a cholinergic role. The plexus contained cholinergic, adrenergic, and nitrergic axons and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide‐positive terminals, some innervating somata. Putative pacemaker cells near the plexus showed immunoreactivity for hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel 4 (HCN4) and the transcription factor Islet‐1 (Isl1). The neurotracer neurobiotin showed that extrinsic axons from the left and right vagosympathetic trunks innervated the sinoatrial plexus proximal to their entry into the heart; some extrinsic axons from each trunk also projected into the medial dorsal plexus region. Extrinsic axons also innervated the atrial and ventricular walls. An extracardiac nerve trunk innervated the bulbus arteriosus and entered the arterial pole of the heart to innervate the proximal ventricle. We have shown that the intracardiac nervous system in the zebrafish is anatomically and neurochemically complex, providing a substrate for autonomic control of cardiac effectors in all chambers. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1683–1700, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing the accuracy of methods for the computation of CIE tristimulus values using weighting tables
Authors: Li Changjun , Ronnier Luo Ming , Melgosa Manuel , Pointer Michael R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe least squares method for computing colorimetric weighting tables is presented and its connection with the optimum weights method is investigated. Each requires solving three linear systems of equations with the same coefficient matrix but three different right hand side vectors. It is shown that the two methods have nearly the same performance when the wavelength interval of the data is large. The two methods however, will perform differently when Δλ is small. Comparisons are also made between the least squares method, the optimum weights method, the zero‐ and second‐order weighting tables, and the ASTM weighting tables, both the original 1985 tables and the new 2013 Tables V and VI. The results show that the least squares method is the best for measurement intervals equal to or lower than 10 nm, and is competitive with the optimum weights method for 20 nm steps. The results presented in this article will contribute to the work of CIE Technical Committee TC1‐71 Tristimulus Integration as it seeks to make recommendations for the calculation of tristimulus values. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 125–142, 2016
Structure–Property Relationships: Asymmetric Alkylphenyl‐Substituted Anthracene Molecules for Use in Small‐Molecule Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Yu Jin , Ahn Eun Soo , Jang Sang Hun , An Tae Kyu , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Chung Dae Sung , Kim Yun‐Hi , Park Chan Eon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo asymmetric anthracene‐based organic molecules, NDHPEA and TNDHPEA, were prepared without or with a thiophene spacer between the anthracene and naphthalene units. These asymmetric oligomers displayed different degrees of coplanarity, as evidenced by differences in the dihedral angles calculated by using DFT. Differential scanning calorimetry and XRD studies were used to probe the crystallization characteristics and molecular packing structures in the active layers. The coplanarity of the molecules in the asymmetric structure significantly affected the crystallization behavior and the formation of crystalline domains in the solid state. The small‐molecule crystalline properties were correlated with the device physics by determining the J–V characteristics and hole mobilities of the devices.
Catalytic Total Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass‐Derived Polyfunctionalized Substrates to Alkanes
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshinao , Liu Sibao , Tamura Masazumi , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe total hydrodeoxygenation of carbohydrate‐derived molecules to alkanes, a key reaction in the production of biofuel, was reviewed from the aspect of catalysis. Noble metals (or Ni) and acid are the main components of the catalysts, and group 6 or 7 metals such as Re are sometimes added as modifiers of the noble metal. The main reaction route is acid‐catalyzed dehydration plus metal‐catalyzed hydrogenation, and in some systems metal‐catalyzed direct CO dissociation is involved. The appropriate active metal, acid strength, and reaction conditions depend strongly on the reactivity of the substrate. Reactions that use Pt or Pd catalysts supported on Nb‐based acids or relatively weak acids are suitable for furanic substrates. Carbohydrates themselves and sugar alcohols undergo CC dissociation easily. The systems that use metal‐catalyzed direct CO dissociations can give a higher yield of the corresponding alkane from carbohydrates and sugar alcohols.
Remote Amide‐Controlled Gold‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Hydro‐heteroarylation of Acrylamides: Access to Pyrido[3,4‐b]indoles
Authors: Butani Himanshu H. , Vachhani Dipak D. , Bhoya Umed C. , Shah Anamik K. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe amide functionality was used as a remote control for the stereoselective hydro‐heteroarylation of acrylamides. This gold‐catalyzed carbocyclization provides a diversity‐oriented and concise route to biologically important pyrido[3,4‐b]indoles. Moreover, the adverse effect of silver salts on this hydro‐heteroarylation was also studied.
Differences in cisplatin‐induced mechanical allodynia in male and female mice
Authors: Woller S.A. , Corr M. , Yaksh T.L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin, are known to induce a persistent polyneuropathy. The mechanisms underlying the development of this pain are complex, and have only been investigated rodent models using male animals, despite an equivalent presentation of neuropathy between the sexes, clinically.MethodsMale and female C57Bl/6, Tlr3−/− Tlr4−/−, Myd88−/−, Triflps2 and Myd88−/−/Triflps2 mice received 6 i.p. injections of cisplatin (2.3 mg/kg/day) every other day over the course of 2 weeks. Changes in tactile threshold were monitored during this time, continuing through day 23, using von Frey filaments.ResultsMale WT mice develop a persistent tactile allodynia resulting from cisplatin administration. Female mice develop an initial allodynia, but thresholds return to baseline by day 23. Deletion of TLR3, TLR4, MyD88 and Trif/MyD88 protects animals from the development of cisplatin‐induced polyneuropathy, and there are no sex differences. Triflps2 male mice show a persistent tactile allodynia following cisplatin administration, while female mice show a reduced allodynia, and remain higher in threshold than their male counterparts. On day 18, animals were given the analgesic gabapentin, and thresholds were tested 45 min after. Gabapentin was effective in transiently reversing mechanical allodynia in those mice with lowered thresholds.ConclusionsIt is important to continue examining both sexes in various pain models, as a mononeuropathy and polyneuropathy show sex differences in pain development and the role of TLR signalling.
Single high‐concentration capsaicin application prevents c‐Fos expression in spinothalamic and postsynaptic dorsal column neurons after surgical incision
Authors: Uchytilova E. , Spicarova D. , Palecek J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAllodynia and hyperalgesia present after surgical interventions are often a major complain of surgical patients. It is thought that both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to these symptoms. In this study, the role of peripheral nerve fibres that express transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in the activation of spinothalamic tract (STT) and postsynaptic dorsal column (PSDC) neurons was assessed in a model of surgical pain.MethodsSpinothalamic tract and PSDC neurons retrogradely labelled from the thalamus and nucleus gracilis were used. Activation of these projection neurons was evaluated after plantar incision as expression of the early gene product, c‐Fos protein, in the nuclei of these neurons.ResultsThere was a robust increase in c‐Fos immunopositivity in the STT and PSDC neurons, in the control animals after a plantar incision. This increase in c‐Fos expression was significantly attenuated in animals in which a single high‐concentration capsaicin injection was made intradermally at the incision site 24 h before the surgery.ConclusionsOur results suggest that activation of both STT and PSDC neurons is involved in development of pain states present after surgical incision and that TRPV1‐containing peripheral nerve fibres are needed for c‐Fos expression in these dorsal horn neurons after plantar incision.
A fermented sorghum/millet‐based beverage, Obiolor, extenuates high‐fat diet‐induced dyslipidaemia and redox imbalance in the livers of rats
Authors: Ajiboye Taofeek O , Iliasu Ganiyat A , Adeleye Abdulwasiu O , Ojewuyi Oluwayemisi B , Kolawole Fausat L , Bello Sharafa A , Mohammed Aisha O 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDObiolor, a non‐alcoholic beverage produced from fermented sorghum and millet malts, is widely consumed on a daily basis by the Igala tribe in Nigeria and is closely associated with good health. The effect of Obiolor on dyslipidaemia, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the liver of rats fed a high‐fat diet was investigated.RESULTSHigh‐fat diet‐mediated alterations in liver and serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density cholesterol and very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed by Obiolor. The beverage increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver of rats. These increases significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the high‐fat diet‐mediated decrease in antioxidant enzymes. High‐fat diet‐mediated elevations in the levels of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and DNA fragmentation in the livers of rats were lowered by the beverage.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that Obiolor extenuated high‐fat diet‐mediated dyslipidaemia, protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in rats. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterizing variability in marine protist communities via ARISA fingerprints—a method evaluation
Authors: Kilias E.S. , Wolf C. , Metfies K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is important to characterize and understand the diversity of marine protists because of their relevance for ecosystem functioning. In the era of molecular science, diversity studies have received renewed attention. High‐throughput, cost‐intensive next generation sequencing provides deep insight in protist diversity but limits the volume of studied samples. Protist observations with high spatiotemporal resolution, therefore, require a quick and cost‐effective tool to channelize the large sample volume and help select representatives for diversity studies. In this study, we evaluated the validity of “Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis” (ARISA) as a means of estimating variability in marine protist communities. The evaluation was based on statistical correlation of ARISA data and 454‐pyrosequencing data from samples collected in the Southern Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Here, we provide evidence that differences in ARISA profiles reflect taxon‐specific differences observed in 454‐pyrosequencing data sets. Calculated similarity indices for the ARISA profiles and 454‐pyrosequencing data of 27 marine protist samples revealed strong agreements between the results of both methods regarding the extent of variability among protist communities. We suggest that ARISA might become an important tool for surveillance of differences in marine protist communities with high spatiotemporal resolution. Furthermore, it might serve as a preselection tool to identify representative samples in large data sets.
Reinforcement of silicone rubber with raspberry‐like SiO2@Polymer composite particles
Authors: Zhang Xinping , Guan Yinyan , Zhao Yunfeng , Zhang Zhijie , Qiu Dong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRaspberry‐like SiO2@Polymer composite particles, prepared by one‐pot Pickering emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium, were used to reinforce silicone rubber. Bearing both polymer moieties and Si−OH groups on the surface, these raspberry‐like particles were better dispersed in the silicone rubber matrix; therefore the mechanical performance of the resultant particle − silicone rubber composites was significantly enhanced. With 25 phr SiO2@Polymer composite particles, the tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness were 2.02 MPa, 129% and 38, respectively. Further increasing the filler amount resulted in decrease of the tensile strength and modulus. In the meantime, although there was a large fraction of polymeric phase in the composite particles, the thermal stability of the resultant particle − silicone rubber composites was not significantly reduced, especially for particle loading exceeding 10 phr. These raspberry‐like SiO2@Polymer composite particles are easily produced on a large scale in an environmentally friendly and cost‐effective way; thus these are promising novel fillers to reinforce silicone rubber. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Experimental Study on the Freezing Temperatures of Saline Silty Soils
Authors: Wan Xusheng , Lai Yuanming , Wang Chong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe freezing temperature of soil is an important index to judge whether it is in a frozen state or not, and plays a key role in distinguishing salt expansion from frost heave. Freezing experiments on sulfate saline soil and its ion solution indicate that the initial freezing temperature of the soil is mainly determined by the properties of the ion solution. The effects of saline soil types and saline solution concentrations on the freezing temperature are also investigated. An equation to calculate the freezing temperature of the sulfate salt solution is deduced from the Pitzer ion model and its validity is verified by the experimental results. Under the assumption that the soil freezing temperature is determined by the freezing temperature of the corresponding ion solution and the energy of the ice‐liquid interface, a precise relation between the soil freezing temperature and the radius of the ice‐liquid interface is obtained and a general equation to determine the freezing temperature of the silty clay of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau is proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Near ambient pressure photoemission spectroscopy of metal and semiconductor surfaces
Authors: Baikie Iain D. , Grain Angela , Sutherland James , Law Jamie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe describe a novel photoemission technique utilizing a traditional Kelvin probe as a detector of electrons/atmospheric ions ejected from metal and semiconductor surfaces (Al, Ag, Au, Si) illuminated by a Deep Ultra‐Violet (DUV) source at ambient pressure. In Constant Final State Yield Spectroscopy (CFSYS) the incident photon energy is rastered rather than applying a variable retarding electric field as in conventional UPS. For both ambient‐ and near ambient pressure‐photoemission spectroscopy (NAP‐PES) the CFSYS configuration overcomes the limitation of inelastic electron scattering in air. This arrangement can be applied in several operational modes: using the DUV source to determine the absolute work function (ϕ) of the metal with 50‐100 meV resolution and also the Kelvin probe, under dark conditions, to measure Contact Potential Difference (CPD) with an accuracy of 1‐3 meV. We show that the metal photoresponse agrees with Fowler theory. We have used CPD and linear extrapolated photoemission measurements to produce an energy level diagram for the native‐oxide covered Si. We propose a model of photoemission in air involving atmospheric ions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Syntheses and Structures of New Trinuclear MIILnMII (M = Ni, Co; Ln = Gd, Ce) Complexes with 2, 6‐Bis(acetobenzoyl)pyridine
Authors: Trieu Thi Nguyet , Nguyen Minh Hai , Abram Ulrich , Nguyen Hung Huy 
Published: February 2015

Abstract One‐pot reactions of 2, 6‐bis(acetobenzoyl)pyridine (H2L) with a mixture of LnCl3 (Ln = Ce, Gd) and Ni(CH3COO)2 (ratio 2:1:2) in CH2Cl2/MeOH in the presence of a supporting base like Et3N give trinuclear complexes with the general composition [Ni2Ln(L)2(CH3COO)3(MeOH)2/3] (1) in high yields. Trinuclear [Ni2Ln(L)2(PhCOO)3(MeOH)2] (2) complexes are formed when similar reactions are performed starting from NiCl2, and benzoic acid (PhCOOH) is added subsequently. Under the same conditions, reactions with the corresponding cobalt(II) salts result in the formation of a neutral [Co8(μ3‐O)2(L)6] complex, which has a bis(triple‐helical) structure. The cobalt(II) analogues to compounds 1 and 2, however, can be synthesized by a pre‐treatment of the lanthanide salts with H2L and subsequent addition of the cobalt salts, and benzoic acid (in the case of 2).
Crystal Structure and Chemical Bonding Analysis of BaPtCd2
Authors: Gulo Fakhili , Köhler Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract The new ternary intermetallic phase, BaPtCd2, was synthesized by solid‐state reaction from direct combination of the elements in a stoichiometric mixture. The reaction was done at 850 °C for 15 h, followed by an equilibration at 600 °C for 4 d. The crystal structure was determined by X‐ray diffraction method on a single crystal. BaPtCd2 is isotypic to MgCuAl2 and crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm [a = 4.467(2), b = 11.143(4), c = 8.240(3) Å, V = 410.2(3) Å3, and Z = 4]. Barium atoms are linked together forming zigzag chains. Cadmium atoms are bonded to each other forming six‐membered rings of platinum centered boat and anti‐boat conformations. BaPtCd2 contains 16 electrons per formula unit and belongs to the electron poorest compounds with MgCuAl2 type structure. Calculations based on the linear muﬃn‐tin orbitals method in the atomic spheres approximation show that significant bonding states in BaPtCd2 are unoccupied.
Disease Incidence and Mortality Among Older Americans and Europeans
Authors: Solé-Auró Aïda , Michaud Pierre-Carl , Hurd Michael , Crimmins Eileen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Recent research has shown a widening gap in life expectancy at age 50 between the United States and Europe as well as large differences in the prevalence of diseases at older ages. Little is known about the processes determining international differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases. Higher prevalence of disease could result from either higher incidence or longer disease-specific survival. This article uses comparable longitudinal data from 2004 and 2006 for populations aged 50 to 79 from the United States and from a selected group of European countries to examine age-specific differences in prevalence and incidence of heart disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer as well as mortality associated with each disease. Not surprisingly, we find that Americans have higher disease prevalence. For heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, incidence is lower in Europe when we control for sociodemographic and health behavior differences in risk, and these differences explain much of the prevalence gap at older ages. On the other hand, incidence is higher in Europe for lung disease and not different between Europe and the United States for hypertension and stroke. Our findings do not suggest a survival advantage conditional on disease in Europe compared with the United States. Therefore, the origin of the higher disease prevalence at older ages in the United States is to be found in higher prevalence earlier in the life course and, for some conditions, higher incidence between ages 50 and 79.