bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic site‐selectivity of ubiquitin dimer formation
Authors: Andersen Kristen A. , Martin Langdon J. , Prince Joel M. , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe post‐translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin can take on many forms, including the decoration of substrates with polymeric ubiquitin chains. These chains are linked through one of the seven lysine residues in ubiquitin, with the potential to form a panoply of linkage combinations as the chain length increases. The ensuing structural diversity of modifications serves a variety of signaling functions. Still, some linkages are present at a much higher level than others in cellulo. Although ubiquitination is an enzyme‐catalyzed process, the large disparity of abundancies led us to the hypothesis that some linkages might be intrinsically faster to form than others, perhaps directing the course of enzyme evolution. Herein, we assess the kinetics of ubiquitin dimer formation in an enzyme‐free system by measuring the rate constants for thiol–disulfide interchange between appropriate ubiquitin variants. Remarkably, we find that the kinetically expedient linkages correlate with those that are most abundant in cellulo. As the abundant linkages also appear to function more broadly in cellulo, this correlation suggests that the more accessible chains were selected for global roles.
Extraction of interface trap density of Al2O3/AlGaN/GaN MIS heterostructure capacitance
Authors: Osvald J. , Stoklas R. , Kordoš P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInterface traps between dielectric and barrier layers influence the electrical properties of MISHEMT (metal–insulator–semiconductor heterojunction field effect transistor) structures. We demonstrate an approximate method for extraction of the density of interface traps from experimental MISH structures. First, the capacitance curve of an ideal structure without interface traps was generated by fitting the experimental curve in the capacitance plateau and depletion region. Then, the fit in the forward part of the curve was found by a trial and error method using several interface trap distributions. Special U‐shape interface trap distributions were used with different ratio between the magnitudes of the trap densities at the conduction‐band and valence‐band extremes and the middle of the energy gap. A very good fit between the experimental and the theoretical curve has been obtained for the interface trap density 1.3 × 1013 eV−1 cm−2 at the band edges and 1.3 × 1011 eV−1 cm−2 in the middle of the gap.
Simultaneous robust normalization and delay‐dependent robust H∞ stabilization for singular time‐delay systems with uncertainties in the derivative matrices
Authors: Ren Junchao , Zhang Qingling 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of simultaneous robust normalization and delay‐dependent H∞ control for a class of singular time‐delay systems with uncertainties. Not only the state and input matrices but also the derivative matrices of the considered systems are assumed to have uncertainties. New sufficient conditions for the existence of a proportional plus derivative state feedback H∞ controller are derived as LMIs such that the closed‐loop singular system is normal, stable, and guarantee a specific level of performance. Specially, a static state feedback H∞ controller alone or a state‐derivative feedback H∞ controller alone can unite to be dealt with by applying our proposed method. Two simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of nematic liquid crystal flows: The quasilinear approach
Authors: Hieber Matthias , Nesensohn Manuel , Prüss Jan , Schade Katharina 
Published: November 2014

Consider the (simplified) Leslie–Ericksen model for the flow of nematic liquid crystals in a bounded domain

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}

for

n > 1

. This article develops a complete dynamic theory for these equations, analyzing the system as a quasilinear parabolic evolution equation in an

L_{p}−L_{q}

-setting. First, the existence of a unique local strong solution is proved. This solution extends to a global strong solution, provided the initial data are close to an equilibrium or the solution is eventually bounded in the natural norm of the underlying state space. In this case the solution converges exponentially to an equilibrium. Moreover, the solution is shown to be real analytic, jointly in time and space.

Résumé

On considère le modèle de Leslie–Ericksen pour les cristaux liquides nématiques dans un domaine borné

\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}

. On obtient une théorie dynamique complète pour ce système, analysé comme une équation d'évolution quasi-linéare dans le cadre

L^{p}−L^{q}

. En particulier, on démontre l' existence et l'unicité locales d'une solution forte, qui s'étend en un solution forte globale si les conditions initiales sont près d'un équilibre. De plus, on montre que la solution est analytique réelle en espace et temps.
Incidental Findings on Bedside Ultrasonography: Detection Rate and Accuracy of Resident-Performed Examinations in the Acute Setting
Authors: Tewari Anuj , Shuaib Waqas , Maddu Kiran K. , Salastekar Ninad , Beck Sierra , Johnson Jamlik-Omari , Khosa Faisal 
Published: November 2014

Background Bedside ultrasonography has become a valuable tool in the emergent care setting for triage and rapid evaluation of patients who are acutely ill. Given the cross-sectional nature of ultrasound technology, incidental findings are frequently encountered during imaging. These can impact clinical management and can pose a diagnostic dilemma for emergency medicine (EM) physicians and EM residents. Purpose Our retrospective study was designed to evaluate the prevalence and detection rate of incidental findings on bedside ultrasound examinations performed by EM residents. We also sought to identify types of incidental findings encountered and the diagnostic accuracy of those findings. Materials and Methods Board-certified radiologists retrospectively reviewed bedside ultrasonography examinations performed and interpreted by EM residents at a large urban academic hospital. Our sample included patients who presented with traumatic and nontraumatic symptoms in the acute setting. Findings were defined as incidental only if they were previously unknown and not related to a patients presenting symptoms. The results were corroborated with electronic medical records and additional pertinent imaging when available. Results Of 196 examinations analysed, EM residents identified incidental findings on 26% of the studies, which mostly involved the renal and biliary system. Radiologist review detected incidental findings in 20.9% but was more accurate when supplemental imaging was available. EM residents detected incidental findings at rates similar to that published previously and had moderate interobserver agreement with radiologist review. Worrisome and indeterminate findings were confirmed by additional work-up and further imaging. Conclusion Incidental findings are frequently encountered on bedside ultrasonography and have the potential to alter clinical management. Expertise in detection and knowledge of the presence and spectrum of these incidental findings is essential for appropriate triage, patient management, and follow-up.
Evaluation of spontaneous dense array gamma oscillatory activity and minor physical anomalies as a composite neurodevelopmental endophenotype in schizophrenia
Authors: Tikka Sai Krishna , Nizamie S. Haque , Goyal Nishant , Pradhan N. , Tikka Deyashini Lahiri , Katshu Mohammad Zia Ul Haq 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveMinor physical anomalies (MPAs) and gamma oscillatory activity have been proposed as associated endophenotypes in schizophrenia. Combining these endophenotypes to create a composite endophenotype may help identify those at risk for schizophrenia better. The present study aims to investigate MPAs and gamma oscillatory activity in schizophrenia patients, their unaffected first degree relatives and healthy controls and appreciate whether they can be used together as a composite endophenotype.MethodsThis was a cross sectional family study conducted at a tertiary care mental health setup. Ninety participants including schizophrenia patients, their first degree relatives and controls (thirty each) were assessed for MPAs on the Extended Waldrop Scale. All participants underwent an awake, resting 192‐channel EEG recording. Spectral power and coherence in 30–100 Hz gamma bands were estimated using Welch's averaged periodogram method. One‐way ANOVA, chi square test were used for comparing socio‐demographic‐clinical variables. MANOVA supplemented by one‐way ANOVAs (post hoc Tukey HSD) were done for comparison of spectral measures. Pearson's correlation, step‐by‐step linear discriminant functional and intra‐familial correlation analysis were subsequently performed.ResultsAn endophenotype pattern of finding was found for MPAs in the craniofacial region, the total number of MPAs, spectral power in right temporal region on all bands and in the right parietal region in 50–70 Hz and 70–100 Hz gamma bands. The three groups were most accurately classified when MPA total score, right temporal 30–50 Hz gamma power and right occipital ‘intra hemispheric’ 50–70 Hz gamma coherence were considered together than when considered independently. Significant intra familial correlation was seen for MPA total score and right temporal gamma 30–50 Hz power.ConclusionComposite evaluation of two developmentally linked markers i.e. MPAs and gamma spectral measures may prove useful in categorizing schizophrenia and identifying at‐risk individuals.
Innovative diagnostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Laske Christoph , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Frost Shaun M. , López-de-Ipiña Karmele , Garrard Peter , Buscema Massimo , Dauwels Justin , Soekadar Surjo R. , Mueller Stephan , Linnemann Christoph , Bridenbaugh Stephanie A. , Kanagasingam Yogesan , Martins Ralph N. , O'Bryant Sid E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCurrent state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic measures of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are invasive (cerebrospinal fluid analysis), expensive (neuroimaging) and time‐consuming (neuropsychological assessment) and thus have limited accessibility as frontline screening and diagnostic tools for AD. Thus, there is an increasing need for additional noninvasive and/or cost‐effective tools, allowing identification of subjects in the preclinical or early clinical stages of AD who could be suitable for further cognitive evaluation and dementia diagnostics. Implementation of such tests may facilitate early and potentially more effective therapeutic and preventative strategies for AD. Before applying them in clinical practice, these tools should be examined in ongoing large clinical trials. This review will summarize and highlight the most promising screening tools including neuropsychometric, clinical, blood, and neurophysiological tests.
Does dirty money influence product valuations?
Authors: Galoni Chelsea , Noseworthy Theodore J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite recent interest in examining the impact of dirty money on consumption‐related behavior, researchers have yet to look at the influence of dirty money on the consumable itself. Evidence from two studies suggest that the documented effects of dirty money on spending may have more to do with dirty money contaminating the purchase, as opposed to the current belief that consumers merely want to rid themselves of disgusting things. The authors find that people indeed spend more with dirty money, but only when the bills lower product valuations. This does not occur when people purchase products with inherent properties that cannot be contaminated; in fact, dirty money can increase valuations and preference for these products. The results suggest that the physical appearance of money plays a much larger, more nuanced role in consumption than previously thought, and this effect may not be entirely positive for the consumer.
Gas‐containing brain abscess: Etiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome
Authors: Su Tsung‐Ming , Lan Chu‐Mei , Lee Tsung‐Han , Hsu Shih‐Wei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGas‐containing brain abscess remains a life‐threatening disease that requires immediate diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study is to report on a series of gas‐containing brain abscess and discuss its pathological mechanism and therapeutic consideration. This study included 11 patients with gas‐containing brain abscess at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan during a 27‐year period. The predisposing factors to infection included hematogenous spread in five patients, contiguous infection in one patient, and abnormal fistulous communication due to head injury in four patients. In one patient, the predisposing factor might be contiguous infection from frontal sinusitis or abnormal fistulous communication due to previous sinus surgery. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common causative pathogen that was isolated from the gas‐containing abscess not related to skull base defect. Among these 11 patients, six underwent excision and five accepted aspiration for the surgical treatment of abscess. In the five patients who underwent aspiration, two required repeated craniotomy to excise the recurrent abscess and repair the abnormal fistulous communication through the skull base. When encountered with a gas‐containing abscess in patients with an impaired host defense mechanism, K. pneumoniae infection should be suspected, and further attention should be paid to discovering if other metastatic septic abscesses exist. For patients with a history of basilar skull fracture or surgery involving the skull base, craniotomy is indicated to excise the abscess and repair the potential fistulous communication through the cranium. Aspiration may be a reasonable alternative to treat deep‐seated lesions, lesions in an eloquent area, patients with severe concomitant medical disease, or patients without a history of basilar skull fracture or surgery involving the skull base. Prompt diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic use, and meticulous surgical treatment are the only way to obtain a favorable outcome.
Socio-economic dietary inequalities in UK adults: an updated picture of key food groups and nutrients from national surveillance data
Authors: Maguire Eva R. , Monsivais Pablo 
Published: November 2014

Socio-economic differences in diet are a potential contributor to health inequalities. The present study provides an up-to-date picture of socio-economic differences in diet in the UK, focusing on the consumption of three food groups and two nutrients of public health concern: fruit and vegetables; red and processed meat; oily fish; saturated fats; non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES). We analysed data for 1491 adults (age ≥ 19 years) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey 2008–2011. Socio-economic indicators were household income, occupational social class and highest educational qualification. Covariate-adjusted estimates for intakes of fruit and vegetables, red and processed meat, and both nutrients were estimated using general linear models. Covariate-adjusted OR for oily fish consumption were derived with logistic regression models. We observed consistent socio-economic gradients in the consumption of the three food groups as estimated by all the three indicators. Contrasting highest and lowest levels of each socio-economic indicator, we observed significant differences in intakes for the three food groups and NMES. Depending on the socio-economic indicator, highest socio-economic groups consumed up to 128 g/d more fruit and vegetables, 26 g/d less red and processed meat, and 2·6 % points less NMES (P< 0·05 for all). Relative to lowest socio-economic groups, highest socio-economic groups were 2·4 to 4·0 times more likely to eat oily fish. No significant patterns in saturated fat consumption were apparent. In conclusion, socio-economic differences were identified in the consumption of food groups and one nutrient of public health importance. Aligning dietary intakes with public health guidance may require interventions specifically designed to reduce health inequalities.
A study on the influencing factors of urinary iodine concentration and the relationship between iodised salt concentration and urinary iodine concentration
Authors: Zou Yan , Ding Gangqiang , Lou Xiaoming , Mo Zhe , Zhu Wenming , Mao Guangming , Zhou Jinshui 
Published: November 2014

The aim of the present study was to explore the influencing factors of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and the relationship between iodised salt concentration and UIC in order to give suggestions for the surveillance of iodine nutrition status. For this purpose, a multi-stage cluster sampling technique was employed in the present cross-sectional study. Correlations between UIC and salt iodine concentration were evaluated by Spearmen's correlation analysis. Risk factors of having a lower UIC were identified by logistic regression analysis, and the equations of UIC and salt iodine concentration were fitted by curve regression analysis. The median UIC was found to be 162·0 (25th–75th percentile 98·2–248·6) μg/l. The UIC was correlated with salt iodine concentration (Spearman's ρ = 0·144, P< 0·05). The multiple logistic regression analysis found the following influencing factors for having a lower UIC: age (OR 0·98, 95 % CI 0·98, 0·98, P< 0·05); sex (OR 0·81, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·92, P< 0·05); education level (OR 0·87, 95 % CI 0·83, 0·90, P< 0·05); status of occupation (OR 0·91, 95 % CI 0·86, 0·96, P< 0·05); occupation (OR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·05, P< 0·05); pickled food (OR 1·24, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·42, P< 0·05); salt iodine concentration (OR 1·03, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·03, P< 0·05). The curve regression analysis found that UIC (y) and salt iodine concentration (x) could be expressed by the following equation: y= 1·5772x1·4845. In conclusion, the median UIC of individuals in Zhejiang Province falls within optimal status as recommended by the WHO/UNICEF/International Council for Control of IDD. To maintain optimal iodine nutrition status, salt iodine concentration should be in the range of 16·4 to 34·3 mg/kg.
Is cooking at home associated with better diet quality or weight-loss intention?
Authors: Wolfson Julia A , Bleich Sara N 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine national patterns in cooking frequency and diet quality among adults in the USA, overall and by weight-loss intention.DesignAnalysis of cross-sectional 24 h dietary recall and interview data. Diet quality measures included total kilojoules per day, grams of fat, sugar and carbohydrates per day, fast-food meals per week, and frozen/pizza and ready-to-eat meals consumed in the past 30 d. Multivariable regression analysis was used to test associations between frequency of cooking dinner per week (low (0–1), medium (2–5) and high (6–7)), dietary outcomes and weight-loss intention.SettingThe 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SubjectsAdults aged 20 years and over (n9569).ResultsIn 2007–2010, 8 % of adults lived in households in which someone cooked dinner 0–1 times/week and consumed, on an average day, 9627 total kilojoules, 86 g fat and 135 g sugar. Overall, compared with low cookers (0–1 times/week), a high frequency of cooking dinner (6–7 times/week) was associated with lower consumption of daily kilojoules (9054v. 9627 kJ,P=0·002), fat (81v. 86 g,P=0·016) and sugar (119v. 135 g,P<0·001). Individuals trying to lose weight consumed fewer kilojoules than those not trying to lose weight, regardless of household cooking frequency (2111v. 2281 kJ/d,P<0·006).ConclusionsCooking dinner frequently at home is associated with consumption of a healthier diet whether or not one is trying to lose weight. Strategies are needed to encourage more cooking among the general population and help infrequent cookers better navigate the food environment outside the home.
Validating Whole Slide Digital Morphometric Analysis as a Microscopy Tool
Authors: Diller Robert B. , Kellar Robert S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhole slide imaging (WSI) can be used to quantify multiple responses within tissue sections during histological analysis. Feature Analysis on Consecutive Tissue Sections (FACTS®) allows the investigator to perform digital morphometric analysis (DMA) within specified regions of interest (ROI) across multiple serial sections at faster rates when compared with manual morphometry methods. Using FACTS® in conjunction with WSI is a powerful analysis tool, which allows DMA to target specific ROI across multiple tissue sections stained for different biomarkers. DMA may serve as an appropriate alternative to classic, manual, histologic morphometric measures, which have historically relied on the selection of high-powered fields of views and manual scoring (e.g., a gold standard). In the current study, existing preserved samples were used to determine if DMA would provide similar results to manual counting methods. Rodent hearts (n=14, left ventricles) were stained with Masson’s trichrome, and reacted for cluster of differentiation 68 (CD-68). This study found no statistical significant difference between a classic, manual method and the use of digital algorithms to perform the similar counts (p=0.38). DMA offers researchers the ability to accurately evaluate morphological characteristics in a reproducible fashion without investigator bias and with higher throughput.
Modelling cause-of-death mortality and the impact of cause-elimination
Authors: Alai Daniel H. , Arnold (-Gaille) Séverine , Sherris Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe analysis of causal mortality provides rich insight into changes in mortality trends that are hidden in population-level data. Therefore, we develop and apply a multinomial logistic framework to model causal mortality. We use internationally classified cause-of-death categories and data obtained from the World Health Organization. Inherent dependence amongst the competing causes is accounted for in the framework, which also allows us to investigate the effects of improvements in, or the elimination of, cause-specific mortality. This has applications to scenario-based forecasting often used to assess the impact of changes in mortality. The multinomial model is shown to be more conservative than commonly used approaches based on the force of mortality. We use the model to demonstrate the impact of cause-elimination on aggregate mortality using residual life expectancy and apply the model to a French case study.
Omega-1 knockdown in Schistosoma mansoni eggs by lentivirus transduction reduces granuloma size in vivo
Authors: Hagen Jana , Young Neil D. , Every Alison L. , Pagel Charles N. , Schnoeller Corinna , Scheerlinck Jean-Pierre Y. , Gasser Robin B. , Kalinna Bernd H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSchistosomiasis, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases worldwide, is caused by flatworms (blood flukes or schistosomes) that live in the bloodstream of humans. The hepatointestinal form of this debilitating disease results from a chronic infection with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma japonicum. No vaccine is available to prevent schistosomiasis, and treatment relies predominantly on the use of a single drug, praziquantel. In spite of considerable research effort over the years, very little is known about the complex in vivo events that lead to granuloma formation and other pathological changes during infection. Here we use, for the first time, a lentivirus-based transduction system to deliver microRNA-adapted short hairpin RNAs (shRNAmirs) into the parasite to silence and explore selected protein-encoding genes of S. mansoni implicated in the disease process. This gene-silencing system has potential to be used for functional genomic–phenomic studies of a range of socioeconomically important pathogens.