bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Chemistry. Reaction of Elemental Phosphorus (P4) and Elemental Sulfur with Protonodonor Reagents: New Methods for the Synthesis of Ammonium Salts of S,S′‐Dialkyltetrathiophosphoric Acids and Octathiotetraphosphetane
Authors: Batyeva Elvira S. , Badeeva Elena K. , Platova Elena V. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Porch Nikki , Edwards Leslie , Malik Indranil , Frolova Liliya V. , Magedov Igor V. , Rogelj Snezna , Sinyashin Oleg G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA new reaction of white phosphorus (P4) with elemental sulfur and thiols in the presence of different amines has been investigated. Ammonium salts of S,S′‐dialkyltetrathiophosphoric acids have been observed as main products of the reaction. Octathiotetraphosphetane ammonium salts were formed as side products. The reaction is characterized by a complete conversion of the white phosphorus and is not accompanied by the release of hydrogen sulfide. The crystal structures of both products were determined by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Biological activity of obtained compounds was investigated, and some promising compounds with antifungal activity identified. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 24:163–167, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21077
Pre‐medication with sublingual fentanyl did not relieve pain associated with bone marrow aspiration and biopsy: A randomized feasibility trial
Authors: Kuivalainen A.‐M. , Ebeling F. , Rosenberg P.H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundBone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy (BMAB) is often an unpleasant and painful procedure in spite of local anaesthetic infiltration. This randomized placebo‐controlled trial compared the pain relieving effect of sublingual fentanyl and placebo during BMAB.MethodsOne hundred sixty patients were randomized to receive either sublingual fentanyl 200 μg, 100 μg (patients ≥ 70 years old, weight ≤ 50 kg or in poor health) or placebo before BMAB. The grade of anxiety before the procedure and the grade of pain during local anaesthetic infiltration, aspiration, biopsy and immediately after the BMAB were assessed using the Numeral Rating Scale (0–10). Possible side effects of the study drugs were recorded.ResultsSublingual fentanyl proved inadequate in relieving pain during BMAB as no significant differences in the pain scores of the fentanyl and placebo patients were observed. However, fentanyl caused significantly more dizziness than placebo.ConclusionsThe results suggest that sublingual fentanyl in a dose of 200 μg (100 μg in infirm patients) is not a feasible preventive analgesic during BMAB. Pain scores were similar and side effects more frequent in the fentanyl group than in the placebo group.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Cavaliere M. Beth 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Drug Resistance in Viruses, Other Microbes and Eukaryotes Edited by J. S. Oxford et alPharmacology in Medicine: Principles and Practice Edited by Sachin N. Pradhan, et al.Applied Pharmacokinetics: Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Edited by W. E. Evans, et al.Opioid Analgesics Chemistry and Receptors By A. F. Casy and R. T. ParfittMyocardial and Skeletal Muscle Bioenergetics Edited by Nachman BrantbarGeriatric Clinical Pharmacology Edited by W. G. Wood and R. StrongHandbook of Behavioral Teratology Edited by E. P. Riley and C. V. VorheesAnti‐inflammatory Compounds Edited by W. R. Nigel WilliamsonMolecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Anesthetics Edited by S. H. Roth and K. W. Miller
Imaging directed photothermolysis through two‐photon absorption demonstrated on mouse skin – a potential novel tool for highly targeted skin treatment
Authors: Wang Hequn , Zandi Soodabeh , Lee Anthony M.D. , Zhao Jianhua , Lui Harvey , McLean David I. , Zeng Haishan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOne‐photon absorption based traditional laser treatment may not necessarily be selective at the microscopic level, thus could result in un‐intended tissue damage. Our objective is to test whether two‐photon absorption (TPA) could provide highly targeted tissue alteration of specific region of interest without damaging surrounding tissues. TPA based laser treatments (785 nm, 140 fs pulse width, 90 MHz) were performed on ex vivo mouse skin using different average power levels and irradiation times. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and combined second‐harmonic‐generation (SHG) and two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging channels were used to image before, during, and after each laser treatment. The skin was fixed, sectioned and H & E stained after each experiment for histological assessment of tissue alterations and for comparison with the non‐invasive imaging assessments. Localized destruction of dermal fibers was observed without discernible epidermal damage on both RCM and SHG + TPF images for all the experiments. RCM and SHG + TPF images correlated well with conventional histological examination. This work demonstrated that TPA‐based light treatment provides highly localized intradermal tissue alteration. With further studies on optimizing laser treatment parameters, this two‐photon absorption photothermolysis method could potentially be applied in clinical dermatology. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cross‐linked hydrogel and polyester resorbable ventilation tubes in a chinchilla model
Authors: Park Albert H. , Hoyt David , Britt David , Chase Shane , Tansavatdi Kristina , Hunter Lisa , McGill Lawrence , Sheng Xiaoming , Skardal Aleksander , Prestwich Glenn D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To determine the resorption rate and biocompatibility characteristics of novel cross‐linked hydrogel ventilation tubes and varied formulations of polyester ventilation tubes in a Chinchilla model.Study Design:Animal Study.Methods:Three cross‐linked glycosaminoglycan hydrogel ventilation tubes fabricated by cross‐linking thiol‐modified chondroitin sulfate or thiol‐modified carboxymethylated hyaluronic acid, four different polyester ventilation tubes (poly L‐lactide [PLA], 50/50 poly D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide [PLGA], and silver‐impregnated versions of PLA and PLGA tubes) were placed into the tympanic membranes of chinchillas. Commercially available fluoroplastic ventilation tubes were placed in the contralateral ear of each animal to serve as a control. Integrity of the tubes was assessed by weekly otoscopy. Biocompatibility was assessed by auditory brainstem response, by otoscopic and histologic examination of the tympanic membrane at the tube site.Results:The hydrogel tubes had very short resorption times that expanded and enlarged the myringotomy site. PLGA and silver‐coated PLGA tubes maintained their integrity in the tympanic membrane for similar durations of 18.9 ± 6.4 days and 21.0 ± 6.0 days, respectively. The silver‐coated PLGA tubes had lower neutrophil and fibrosis scores than PLGA tubes. PLA tubes demonstrated equivalent findings to commercially available nonresorbable tubes with respect to otoscopic findings, auditory brainstem response thresholds, and histologic inflammatory scores.Conclusions:Resorbable polyester pressure equalization tubes demonstrate predictable resorption behavior and similar biocompatibility characteristics when compared with nonresorbable tubes. Silver modification may confer some stability to PLGA tubes. Hydrogel tubes have very short resorption times, tend to enlarge the myringotomy site, and show greater inflammatory changes.
Fluorescent Polymeric Micelles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Properties for Monitoring the Encapsulation of Doxorubicin
Authors: Chen Jen‐Ing , Wu Wen‐Chung 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new type of fluorescent polymeric micelles is developed by self‐assembly from a series of amphiphilic block copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly[styrene‐co‐(2‐(1,2,3,4,5‐pentaphenyl‐1H‐silol‐1‐yloxy)ethyl methacrylate)] [PEG‐b‐P(S‐co‐PPSEMA)]. Their capability of loading doxorubicin (DOX) is investigated by monitoring the loading content, encapsulation efficiency, and photophysical properties of micelles. Förster resonance energy transfer from PPSEMA to DOX is observed in DOX‐loaded micelles, which can serve as an indication of successful encapsulation of DOX in these micelles. The application of this new type of fluorescent polymeric micelles as a fluorescent probe and an anticancer drug carrier simultaneously is explored by studying the intracellular uptake of DOX‐loaded micelles. magnified image
Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives for Versatile Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Khan Ferdous , Ahmad Sheikh Rafi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractResearch and development in the design, synthesis, modification, evaluation, and characterization of polysaccharide‐based bioactive polymeric materials for guiding and promoting new tissue in‐growth is reviewed. Emphasis is given in this interdisciplinary field of tissue engineering (TE) with particular reference to bone, cartilage, and skin TE. Current strategies in scaffold‐guided TE approaches using polymers of natural origin and their composites are elaborated. Innovative modification techniques in creating functional materials for advanced TE applications are presented. Challenges and possible solutions in the technological innovation in factor molecules incorporation and surface functionalization for improving the fabrication of biomaterials scaffolds for cost‐effective TE are also presented. magnified image
Self‐Assembled PAA‐Based Nanoparticles as Potential Gene and Protein Delivery Systems
Authors: Griffiths Peter C. , Mauro Nicolo , Murphy Damien M. , Carter Emma , Richardson Simon C. W. , Dyer Paul , Ferruti Paolo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of nanoparticles is prepared via layer‐by‐layer assembly of oppositely charged, synthetic biocompatible polyamidoamine polymers as potential carriers. Particle size, surface charge and internal chain mobility are quantified as a function of the polymer type and number of layers. The effect of addition of surfactant is examined to simulate the effects of nanoparticle dissolution. The cyctotoxicity of these particles (in epithelia and murine cell lines) are orders of magnitude lower than polyethyleneimine controls. Stable nanoparticles may be prepared from mixtures of strongly, oppositely charged polymers, but less successfully from weakly charged polymers, and, given their acceptable toxicity characteristics, such modularly designed constructs show promise for drug and gene delivery. magnified image
Electrospun Organic Nanofiber Electronics and Photonics
Authors: Cho Himchan , Min Sung‐Yong , Lee Tae‐Woo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrganic nanofibers (ONFs) have attracted much interest as one‐dimensional functional units in various research fields with their unique advantages. Among many fabrication methods for them, electrospinning has been in the spotlight recently because of its simplicity and versatility. In this paper, first we introduce the principle, advantages, and conditions of electrospinning and then review recent studies about electronic and photonic applications of electrospun ONFs, including organic light‐emitting diodes, organic photovoltaics, organic field‐effect transistors, lasers, and waveguides. Finally, conclusion and our suggestions for further research are given.magnified image
Spontaneous Assembly of Miktoarm Stars into Vesicular Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes
Authors: Plamper Felix A. , Gelissen Arjan P. , Timper Jan , Wolf Andrea , Zezin Alexander B. , Richtering Walter , Tenhu Heikki , Simon Ulrich , Mayer Joachim , Borisov Oleg V. , Pergushov Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMixing a bis‐hydrophilic, cationic miktoarm star polymer with a linear polyanion leads to the formation of unilamellar polymersomes, which consist of an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) wall sandwiched between poly(ethylene oxide) brushes. The experimental finding of this rare IPEC morphology is rationalized theoretically: the star architecture forces the assembly into a vesicular shape due to the high entropic penalty for stretching of the insoluble arms in non‐planar morphologies. The transmission electron microscopy of vitrified samples (cryogenic TEM) is compared with the samples at ambient conditions (in situ TEM), giving one of the first TEM reports on soft matter in its pristine environment.
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Using a mobile application to self‐monitor diet and fluid intake among adults receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Welch Janet L. , Astroth Kim Schafer , Perkins Susan M. , Johnson Cynthia S. , Connelly Kay , Siek Katie A. , Jones Josette , Scott Linda LaRue 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHemodialysis patients have difficulty self‐managing a complex dietary and fluid regimen. The purpose of this feasibility study was to pilot test an electronic self‐monitoring intervention based on social cognitive theory. During a 6‐week intervention, 24 participants self‐monitored diet and fluid intake using the Dietary Intake Monitoring Application (DIMA), and 20 participants served as controls by monitoring their activity using the Daily Activity Monitor Application (DAMA). Results from this pilot study suggest the intervention is feasible and acceptable, although few significant effects on outcomes were found in this small sample. The DIMA has potential to facilitate dietary and fluid self‐monitoring but requires additional refinement and further testing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36:284–298, 2013
Post‐traumatic stress disorder and the outcome of dialectical behaviour therapy for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Barnicot Kirsten , Priebe Stefan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and comorbid post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have a worse prognosis than individuals with BPD alone. A common view is that the emotional instability and impulsivity of BPD should be treated before attempting to address trauma. However, PTSD symptoms may interfere with patients' ability to benefit from such ‘stabilizing’ treatments.MethodsThe effect of BPD–PTSD comorbidity on self‐harm and BPD symptom outcomes was evaluated in 89 patients receiving dialectical behaviour therapy, using multilevel modelling.ResultsPatients with comorbid BPD–PTSD showed a trend towards elevated BPD symptoms throughout the treatment year (β = 2.12, 95% CI = −0.21–4.44, p = 0.07). There was a three‐way interaction between PTSD comorbidity, treatment completion and time, whereby PTSD comorbidity was associated with less reduction in self‐harm frequency over time, but only in those completing the full 12 months of treatment (incident risk ratio = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.04–1.30, p < 0.01).ConclusionPatients with comorbid PTSD had a poorer outcome from dialectical behaviour therapy than those with BPD alone, possibly because of the negative impact of unaddressed trauma. The results provide further grounds for recently developed treatments targeting BPD traits and PTSD symptoms simultaneously. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Awareness of psychological and relationship problems amongst brain tumour patients and its association with carer distress
Authors: Andrewes Holly E. , Drummond Katharine J. , Rosenthal Mark , Bucknill Andrew , Andrewes David G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this research was to investigate if brain tumour patients underestimate the severity of their impairments and the impact of this behaviour on carer distress . This study also aimed to identify the support services that patients and carers experiencing distress would find most beneficial.MethodA total of 32 post‐surgery brain tumour patients, their carers, and a control group of 29 patients following surgery to extra‐cerebral areas and their carers were recruited from outpatient clinics. Patients and carers rated the patient's psychological well‐being and the impact of a range of changes since diagnosis/surgery. Patients and carers also rated their own level of distress and the support services they would find most beneficial.ResultsWhen compared with the control group, brain tumour patients were more likely to underestimate their psychological problems (p < 0.005) and the negative impact of changes to their emotional function (p < 0.05), interpersonal relationships (p < 0.05), cognition (p < 0.05) and coping skills (p<0.05). A multiple regression analysis showed that underestimation of psychological and interpersonal problems by brain tumour patients explained 35% of the variance in their carer's anxiety.ConclusionThe finding of reduced awareness or denial in brain tumour patients and its contribution to increased carer anxiety highlights the need for therapeutic interventions, which improve patient insight/denial and encourage patient and carer communication. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free Radical Reactions in Two Dimensions: A Case Study on Photochlorination of Graphene
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhou Lushan , Yang Mingmei , Wu Di , Liao Lei , Yan Kai , Xie Qin , Liu Zhirong , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGraphene, a two‐dimensional giant‐molecule of sp2‐bonded carbon atoms, provides a perfect platform for studying free radical reaction chemistry in two‐dimensions, which holds promise to control the chemical functionality of graphene. Free‐radical photochlorination of graphene is used as an example to investigate the thickness, stacking order, and single‐ and double‐side dependent reactivity in graphene. Anomalously low reactivity is observed in the photochlorination of AB‐stacked bilayer graphene in comparison with that of few‐layer graphene. Double‐sided chlorination of graphene shows higher reactivity and chlorine coverage than single‐sided reaction. It is also experimentally and theoretically demonstrated that chlorine free radicals at low coverage prefer to form a stable charge‐transfer complex with graphene, which highly enhances graphene's conductivity and simultaneously generates a pseudo‐bandgap through noninvasive doping. Moreover, the initial accumulation of chlorine radicals is considered as the rate‐determining step of photochlorination of graphene.
Targeting RNA splicing for disease therapy
Authors: Havens Mallory A. , Duelli Dominik M. , Hastings Michelle L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSplicing of pre‐messenger RNA into mature messenger RNA is an essential step for the expression of most genes in higher eukaryotes. Defects in this process typically affect cellular function and can have pathological consequences. Many human genetic diseases are caused by mutations that cause splicing defects. Furthermore, a number of diseases are associated with splicing defects that are not attributed to overt mutations. Targeting splicing directly to correct disease‐associated aberrant splicing is a logical approach to therapy. Splicing is a favorable intervention point for disease therapeutics, because it is an early step in gene expression and does not alter the genome. Significant advances have been made in the development of approaches to manipulate splicing for therapy. Splicing can be manipulated with a number of tools including antisense oligonucleotides, modified small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), trans‐splicing, and small molecule compounds, all of which have been used to increase specific alternatively spliced isoforms or to correct aberrant gene expression resulting from gene mutations that alter splicing. Here we describe clinically relevant splicing defects in disease states, the current tools used to target and alter splicing, specific mutations and diseases that are being targeted using splice‐modulating approaches, and emerging therapeutics. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:247–266. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1158The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Current concepts in organic acidurias: understanding intra‐ and extracerebral disease manifestation
Authors: Kölker Stefan , Burgard Peter , Sauer Sven W. , Okun Jürgen G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis review focuses on the pathophysiology of organic acidurias (OADs), in particular, OADs caused by deficient amino acid metabolism. OADs are termed classical if patients present with acute metabolic decompensation and multiorgan dysfunction or cerebral if patients predominantly present with neurological symptoms but without metabolic crises. In both groups, however, the brain is the major target. The high energy demand of the brain, the gate‐keeping function of the blood–brain barrier, a high lipid content, vulnerable neuronal subpopulations, and glutamatergic neurotransmission all make the brain particularly vulnerable against mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity. In fact, toxic metabolites in OADs are thought to cause secondary impairment of energy metabolism; some of these toxic metabolites are trapped in the brain. In contrast to cerebral OADs, patients with classical OADs have an increased risk of multiorgan dysfunction. The lack of the anaplerotic propionate pathway, synergistic inhibition of energy metabolism by toxic metabolites, and multiple oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency may best explain the involvement of organs with a high energy demand. Intriguingly, late‐onset organ dysfunction may manifest even under metabolically stable conditions. This might be explained by chronic mitochondrial DNA depletion, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and altered gene expression due to histone modification. In conclusion, pathomechanisms underlying the acute disease manifestation in OADs, with a particular focus on the brain, are partially understood. More work is required to predict the risk and to elucidate the mechanism of late‐onset organ dysfunction, extracerebral disease manifestation, and tumorigenesis.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) associates with FLT3 and negatively regulates downstream signaling
Authors: Kazi Julhash U. , Rönnstrand Lars 
Published: March 2013

The suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) is a member of the SOCS family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. SOCS2 is known to regulate signal transduction by cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is of importance for proliferation, survival and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia. We observed that SOCS2 associates with activated FLT3 through phosphotyrosine residues 589 and 919, and co‐localizes with FLT3 in the cell membrane. SOCS2 increases FLT3 ubiquitination and accelerates receptor degradation in proteasomes. SOCS2 negatively regulates FLT3 signaling by blocking activation of Erk 1/2 and STAT5. Furthermore, SOCS2 expression leads to a decrease in FLT3‐ITD‐mediated cell proliferation and colony formation. Thus, we suggest that SOCS2 associates with activated FLT3 and negatively regulates the FLT3 signaling pathways.