bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virtual Acoustics
Authors: Vorländer Michael 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) systems are used in engineering, architecture, design and in applications of biomedical research. The component of acoustics in such VR systems enables the creation of audio-visual stimuli for applications in room acoustics, building acoustics, automotive acoustics, environmental noise control, machinery noise control, and hearing research. The basis is an appropriate acoustic simulation and auralization technique together with signal processing tools. Auralization is based on time-domain modelling of the components of sound source characterization, sound propagation, and on spatial audio technology. Whether the virtual environment is considered sufficiently accurate or not, depends on many perceptual factors, and on the pre-conditioning and immersion of the user in the virtual environment. In this paper the processing steps for creation of Virtual Acoustic Environments and the achievable degree of realism are briefly reviewed. Applications are discussed in examples of room acoustics, archeological acoustics, aircraft noise, and audiology.
Book Review. Leo L. Beranek and Tim J. Mellow, Acoustics - Sound Fields and Transducers, Elsevier-Academic Press 2012
Authors: Dobrucki Andrzej 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The reviewed book is a new, expanded and modernized edition of the classical position of the book “Acoustics” published in 1954 and reprinted in 1986. The subtitle: “Sound Fields and Transducers” reflects well the nature of the changes in relation to the original. The chapters concerning sound fields and transducers have been added or significantly expanded and chapters on other subjects, such as noise control, hearing, and speech, have been removed. The chapter about acoustic measurements has been also removed, although some parts of it concerning reciprocity calibration of transducers would be compatible with the concept of the present version of the book. The book consists of 14 chapters. The chapters are divided into parts which are numbered consecutively, independently on numeration of chapters, and sections numbered within chapters. The book contains also three appendices. The scientific level of the book is high and it is designed for advanced readers, e.g., graduate students, and professionals who want to expand their knowledge.
Of Billy’s Time: Temporality in Melville’sBilly Budd
Authors: Looby Christopher 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:Billy Budd is replete with invocations of various temporalities. This article brings the tale’s “juggling temporalities” to bear upon the questions of sexuality that the story also addresses and shows that Billy Budd is a searching exploration of (and meditation on) the profound historicity of sexuality. Unfinished and unpublished at the time of Melville’s death, the extant manuscript of Billy Budd is a complicated palimpsest of additions and revisions. Reconstructing the genealogy of the manuscript’s development reveals that Melville moved the action back in time; made Billy younger; added, at different stages of composition, the characters of Claggart (the “homosexual in the text,” according to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s well-known reading) and Captain Vere. But there are several homosexuals in the text, who, although they ostensibly co-exist in one time and place, nevertheless belong to different historical regimes of sexuality.
Nathaniel Hawthorne and the Anxieties of the Archive
Authors: Savoy Eric 
Published: March 2015

Abstract: Twenty-five years ago, Robert K. Martin published an important essay that explored the gendered anxiety of authorship that left its traces throughout Nathaniel Hawthorne’s career. Given that novel-writing was understood in mid-nineteenth-century America as an essentially feminine occupation, did Hawthorne perceive himself as emasculated? Savoy supplements Martin’s argument by taking up the “fiction” of authorship, specifically the personage of “Nathaniel Hawthorne” that is constructed in “The Custom-House.” Previously, Savoy focused on Hawthorne’s gothic poetics as the figurative matrix within which the “author” accepts the exhortation of Surveyor Pue to fulfill his “filial duty” by delivering to the public the historical romance of Hester Prynne. This new article explores the “psychic economy” of what Jacques Derrida conceptualizes as the event of the archive—that is, the performative ways in which subjects are constituted precisely as subjects, in conformity with the regulatory ideals of nation, religious tradition, and gender. If there is no subject without a subtending and largely mythical archive of cultural practice, then “The Custom-House” is a spectacular mise-en-scène—rhetorically rich and charged with affect—of the ritualistic protocols of assujettissement.
Concord Companions: Margaret Fuller, Friendship, and Desire
Authors: Martin Robert K. , Edwards Justin D. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:In this paper, we examine the rhetoric of friendship and desire in mid-nineteenth-century American writing. We begin by looking at Emerson’s essay on friendship and Thoreau’s poem “Sympathy” (1840) to provide a context for reading Margaret Fuller’s fascinating texts on same-sex bonds between women. Of particular interest to us is Fuller’s translation of Elizabeth von Arnim’s Die Günderode (1840), a collection of letters between Arnim and the German Romantic poet Karoline von Günderode which provides compelling insights into the early to mid-nineteenth-century continuum between female friendship and same-sex desire. We situate this translation alongside Fuller’s own female friendships and expressions of love for women, more specifically her declarations of love to Anna Barker and, later, to George Sand. This latter relationship, we suggest, was a source of admiration and anxiety, for Sand’s cross-dressing and fluid sense of gender identity was simultaneously celebrated and condemned in Fuller’s Women in the Nineteenth Century (1843).
Le donjon de Langeais
Authors: Deyres Marcel 
Published: March 2015

Dans l'état qui fut le sien au XIe siècle, le donjon de Langeais était percé à l'est par quatre baies, dont l'une éclairait le premier étage, et au nord par deux fenêtres et une porte. L'ancienne baie orientale du premier étage a été obstruée dès le début du XIIe siècle. Les montants de cette baie sont d'appareil et s'élargissent de bas en haut, trait que l'on retrouve dans certaines églises ligérines datables des environs de l'an mille. On peut donc dater le premier état du donjon des premières décennies du XIe siècle. Vers 1100, on profita de la construction d'un avant-corps pour reprendre les parties médianes de l'élévation orientale. La bâtisse fut alors renforcée par des contreforts ; elle fut, également, percée d'une quatrième ouverture à l'étage supérieur du mur oriental, tandis que la porte septentrionale fut agrandie. L'extérieur de l'élévation septentrionale fut remanié au XIIIe siècle. Doté d'un rez-de-chaussée et de deux étages sous Foulque Nerra, le monument n'eut plus qu'un étage sur haut rez-de-chaussée au XIIe siècle.
On a pu légitimement douter que les parties les plus anciennes de l'œuvre soient datables des environs de l'an mille. Mais, à cette époque, le monument était beaucoup plus une résidence castrale qu'un donjon véritable, encore que son parti général ait repris le thème des donjons de bois.
Low-Dose Adefovir Dipivoxil May Induce Fanconi Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term follow-up for Chinese Patients
Authors: Xu Li-Jun , Jiang Yan , Liao Ruo-Xi , Zhang Hua-Bing , Mao Jiang-Feng , Chi Yue , Li Mei , Wang Ou , Liu Xiao-Qing , Liu Zheng-Yin , Xing Xiao-Ping , Yu Wei , Xia Wei-Bo 
Published: March 2015

Background Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) nephrotoxicity is well known at a dose of 60 mg day-1 or 120 mg day-1. However, renal toxicity at a low-dose of 10 mg ADV for HBV-infected patients is not fully described. Our objective was to analyse the clinical features and outcomes of ADV-related Fanconi's syndrome in the Chinese population. Methods This was a retrospective study. A total of 35 patients with ADV-related Fanconi's syndrome were studied. Clinical manifestations and biochemical parameters were analysed. 19 patients were from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) included from August 2010 to December 2012. A total of 16 patients were eligible from case reports in the Chinese population retrieved in PUBMED, WANFANG and CNKI database. Bone mineral density and biochemical parameters including serum phosphate, calcium, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured before and after ADV cessation and during the follow-up. Results All recruited patients had hypophosphataemia, increased urinary phosphate excretion and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Serum phosphate levels rapidly increased especially within the 4 weeks after ADV cessation. Serum creatinine remained high or at the upper limit of normal range even after ADV cessation for 1 year. ALP increased in the first three months of ADV cessation and decreased at the 24th week. Bone mineral density was significantly improved after 6 months cessation of ADV. Conclusions ADV can be nephrotoxic at prolonged low doses of 10 mg. For those who take ADV long term, regular monitoring of serum phosphate, creatinine levels and urine routine tests are required.
Cutting Edge: Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 4 Promotes Th17 Cell Function under Inflammation by Deubiquitinating and Stabilizing RORγt
Authors: Yang Jing , Xu Peng , Han Lei , Guo Zhixiang , Wang Xiuwen , Chen Zuojia , Nie Jia , Yin Shuying , Piccioni Miranda , Tsun Andy , Lv Ling , Ge Shenglin , Li Bin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
RORγt is a key transcription factor that controls the development and function of inflammatory Th17. The mechanisms that regulate RORγt stability remain unclear. We report that Th17 cells highly express the deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease (USP)4, which is essential for maintaining RORγt and Th17 cell function. Inhibition of the catalytic activity of USP4 with vialinin A, a compound derived from Chinese traditional medicine, dampened Th17 differentiation. USP4 interacted and deubiquitinated K48-linked polyubiquitination of RORγt, thereby promoting RORγt function and IL-17A transcription. Interestingly, TGF-β plus IL-6 enhanced USP4-mediated deubiquitination of RORγt. Moreover, USP4 and IL-17 mRNA, but not RORγt mRNA, were significantly elevated in CD4+ T cells from patients with rheumatic heart disease. Thus, USP4 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of Th17-modulated autoimmune diseases.
A Novel IL-25 Signaling Pathway through STAT5
Authors: Wu Ling , Zepp Jarod A. , Qian Wen , Martin Bradley N. , Ouyang Wenjun , Yin Weiguo , Bunting Kevin D. , Aronica Mark , Erzurum Serpil , Li Xiaoxia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
IL-25 is a member of the IL-17 family of cytokines that promotes Th2 cell–mediated inflammatory responses. IL-25 signals through a heterodimeric receptor (IL-25R) composed of IL-17RA and IL-17RB, which recruits the adaptor molecule Act1 for downstream signaling. Although the role of IL-25 in potentiating type 2 inflammation is well characterized by its ability to activate the epithelium as well as T cells, the components of its signaling cascade remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that IL-25 can directly activate STAT5 independently of Act1. Furthermore, conditional STAT5 deletion in T cells or epithelial cells led to a defective IL-25–initiated Th2 polarization as well as defective IL-25 enhancement of Th2 responses. Finally, we found that STAT5 is recruited to the IL-25R in a ligand-dependent manner through unique tyrosine residues on IL-17RB. Together, these findings reveal a novel Act1-independent IL-25 signaling pathway through STAT5 activation.
Patterns of a culture of aggression amongst Grade 10 learners in a secondary school in the Sedibeng District, South Africa
Authors: Myburgh Chris , Poggenpoel Marie , Nhlapo Lovia 
Published: March 2015

Background: A number of reports to the Department of Education indicated high levels of aggression in a Grade 10 A class in a secondary school in Sedibeng District, Gauteng. Teachers, the school management team, school governing body, school-based support team, parents, community leaders and learners seemed unable to manage this constructively. Neither the culture of aggression nor the influence of this phenomenon on those entrapped in it were understood. No published research reports could be found on cultures of aggression in South African secondary schools. There was therefore a dire need to explore and describe the culture of aggression in this specific Grade 10 A class.Objectives: This article reports on patterns of a culture of aggression observed amongst learners in a Grade 10 class in a secondary school in the Sedibeng District of the Gauteng Department of Education.Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was followed with an ethnographic approach. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data consisted of observations of ‘rich points’, interviews and field notes, and thematic data analysis and an independent coder were used.Results: Findings reflected four patterns of a culture of aggression amongst learners, namely patterns of anger, bullying, fighting, and challenges to moral values. At the root of these were neglect of and non-adherence to human rights and a sound base of morals.Conclusion: The challenge is to assist the involved learners to respect each other’s human dignity, so that relationships can be developed in which those involved act with sensitivity towards each other’s needs. Such relationships often also result in the development of self-respect and a nuanced future orientation as part and parcel of mental health.
A survey to assess the extent of public-private mix DOTS in the management of tuberculosis in Zambia
Authors: Chongwe Gershom , Kapata Nathan , Maboshe Mwendaweli , Michelo Charles , Babaniyi Olusegun 
Published: March 2015

Background: Involving all relevant healthcare providers in tuberculosis (TB) management through public-private mix (PPM) approaches is a vital element in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Stop TB Strategy. The control of TB in Zambia is mainly done in the public health sector, despite the high overall incidence rates.Aim: We conducted a survey to determine the extent of private-sector capacity, participation, practices and adherence to national guidelines in the control of TB.Setting: This survey was done in the year 2012 in 157 facilities in three provinces of Zambia where approximately 85% of the country’s private health facilities are found.Methods: We used a structured questionnaire to interview the heads of private health facilities to assess the participation of the private health sector in TB diagnosis, management and prevention activities.Results: Out of 157 facilities surveyed, 40.5% were from the Copperbelt, 4.4% from Central province and 55.1% from Lusaka province. Only 23.8% of the facilities were able to provide full diagnosis and management of TB patients. Although 47.4% of the facilities reported that they do notify their cases to the National TB control programme, the majority (62.7%) of these facilities did not show evidence of notifications.Conclusion: Our results show that the majority of the facilities that diagnose and manage TB in the private sector do not report their TB activities to the National TB Control Programme (NTP). There is a need for the NTP to improve collaboration with the private sector with respect to TB control activities and PPM for Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS).
Knowledge and practices about multidrug-resistant tuberculosis amongst healthcare workers in Maseru
Authors: Malangu Ntambwe , Adebanjo Omotayo D. 
Published: March 2015

Background: To date, no study has been found that described the knowledge and practices of healthcare workers surrounding multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Lesotho.Aim and setting: This study was conducted to fill this gap by investigating the knowledge level and practices surrounding MDR-TB amongst healthcare workers at Botsabelo Hospital in Maseru, Lesotho.Method: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted by means of a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. Data collected included sociodemographic and professional details; and responses to questions about knowledge and practices regarding MDR-TB. The questions ranged from the definition of MDR-TB to its treatment. Respondents’ practices such as the use of masks, guidelines and patient education were also assessed.Results: A response rate of 84.6%(110 out of 130) was achieved. The majority of participants were women (60%), married (71.8%) and nursing staff (74.5%). Overall, less than half (47.3%) of the participants had a good level of knowledge about MDR-TB. With regard to practice, about 83%of participants stated that they used protective masks whilst attending to MDR-TB patients. About two-thirds (66.4%) reported being personally involved in educating patients about MDR-TB; whilst about 55%stated that they referred to these guidelines.Conclusion: The level of knowledge about MDR-TB amongst healthcare workers at the study site was not at an acceptable level. Unsafe practices, such as not wearing protective masks and not referring to the MDR-TB treatment guidelines, were found to be associated with an insufficient level of knowledge about MDR-TB. An educational intervention is recommended for all healthcare providers at this facility.
Nutrition in the neurocritical care unit
Authors: Tripathy Swagata 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of intensive care is to support the physiology of the body till the treatment or the reparative process of the body kicks in to the rescue. Maintaining an adequate nutrition during this period is of vital importance to counteract the catabolic effect of the critical disease process. The guidelines for nutritional care in the neuro intensive care unit (ICU) are sparse. This article collates the current evidence and best practice recommendations as applicable to the critically ill patient in the neuro ICU. The use of screening tests to identify patients at a risk of malnutrition and related complications is presently recommended for all patients with an emphasis on early initiation of caloric support. Over-aggressive feeding in an attempt to revert the catabolic effects of critical illness have not proven beneficial, just as the attempts to improve patient outcomes by altering the routes of nutrition administration. Special patient population such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage or spinal cord injury may have varying nutritional requirements; individualised approach in the neurocritical ICU with the help of the intensivist, nutritionist and pharmacology team may be of benefit.
Correlation between Cytology, HPV-DNA Test and Colposcopy in Evaluation of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions
Authors: Nanda Anuja , Bansal Neeta , Gupta Vineeta , Sharma Arti , Tandon Archna , Singhal Mini 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The present study was undertaken to correlate cytology, HPV-DNA test and colposcopy in evaluation of cervical intraepithelial lesions.

Materials and methods
Patients were subjected to Pap smear, HPV-DNA detection, colposcopy and directed cervical biopsy if required. The various screening methods were correlated and evaluated by standard statistical methods.

Observations
A total of 324 patients were included in the study. Colposcopy was done in 263, Pap smear in 214, HPVDNA in 100 and HPE in 116 patients. Sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear test, colposcopy and HPV-DNA testing were calculated to be 66.66, 93.54, 86.84, 86.32, 90 and 84.61% respectively. Their positive predictive value and negative value were 75, 90.60, 67.34, 95.28, 69.23 and 95.66% respectively. The percentage of false negative and false positive were calculated to be 33.33, 6.45, 8.95, 13.67, 10 and 15.38% respectively.

Conclusion
Various screening methods for evaluation of cervical intraepithelial lesions are complimentary to each other and need to be carried out depending on the clinical findings, patient's convenience and compliance, facilities and set-up available.

How to cite this article
Gupta V, Tandon A, Nanda A, Sharma A, Bansal N, Singhal M. Correlation between Cytology, HPV-DNA Test and Colposcopy in Evaluation of Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions. J South Asian Feder Menopause Soc 2014;2(2):71-74.
La pintura primitivista de Carlos García
Authors: Valle Castillo Julio 
Published: March 2015

El pintor se especializa en la técnica oleo sobre tela. Desde corta edad incursionó en la pintura primitivista gracias a la influencia artística del sacerdote trapense Ernesto Cardenal. Un hecho que marcaría su obra, ha sido que Carlos tuvo un accidente ocular y desde entonces su perspectiva de la vida se reflejan de una manera especial en su arte, utilizando árboles talados a mitad o no representando el árbol en su totalidad dentro del lienzo.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i64.1881Cultura de Paz Vol.20 Num.64 2015: 44
Exposing the gaps in awareness, knowledge and estimation of risk for anal cancer in men who have sex with men living with HIV: a cross‐sectional survey in Australia
Authors: Ong Jason J , Chen Marcus , Grulich Andrew , Walker Sandra , Temple‐Smith Meredith , Bradshaw Catriona , Garland Suzanne M , Hillman Richard , Templeton David , Hocking Jane , Eu Beng , Tee BK , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: March 2015

IntroductionThe incidence of anal cancer is significantly higher in men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV when compared to the general population. We aimed to assess their awareness, knowledge and perceived level of personal risk for anal cancer to help inform educational strategies targeting this group.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 327 HIV positive MSM in Melbourne, Australia, attending clinical settings (a sexual health centre, tertiary hospital HIV outpatients and high HIV caseload general practices) completed a written questionnaire in 2013/14. Poor knowledge was defined as those who had never heard of anal cancer, or scored 5 or less out of 10 in knowledge questions amongst those who reported ever hearing about anal cancer. Underestimation of risk was defined as considering themselves as having the same or lower risk for anal cancer compared to the general population.ResultsOf 72% (95% confidence interval (CI): 67–77) who had heard of anal cancer, 47% (95% CI: 41–53) could not identify any risk factors for anal cancer. Of total men surveyed, 51% (95% CI: 46–57) underestimated their risk for anal cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that men who underestimated their risk were older (OR 1.04 (per year increase in age), 95% CI: 1.01–1.07), had poor anal cancer knowledge (OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.21–3.51), and more likely to have ever had an anal examination (OR 2.41, 95% CI: 1.18–4.93). They were less likely to consult a physician if they had an anal abnormality (OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.31–0.96), to have had receptive anal sex (OR 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02–0.59) or speak English at home (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.90).ConclusionsThis survey of MSM living with HIV demonstrated limited awareness, knowledge level and estimation of risk for anal cancer. Further educational and public health initiatives are urgently needed to improve knowledge and understanding of anal cancer risk in MSM living with HIV.