bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pax6 Mediates ß-Catenin Signaling for Self-Renewal and Neurogenesis by Neocortical Radial Glial Stem Cells
Authors: Gan Qini , Lee Albert , Suzuki Ryusuke , Yamagami Takashi , Stokes Arjun , Nguyen Bao Chau , Pleasure David , Wang Junjiang , Chen Hong-Wu , Zhou Chengji J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Wnt/ß-catenin pathway is a critical stem cell regulator and plays important roles in neuroepithelial cells during early gestation. However, the role of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in radial glia, a major neural stem cell population expanded by midgestation, remains poorly understood. This study shows that genetic ablation of ß-catenin with hGFAP-Cre mice inhibits neocortical formation by disrupting radial glial development. Reduced radial glia and intermediate progenitors are found in the ß-catenin-deficient neocortex during late gestation. Increased apoptosis and divergent localization of radial glia in the subventricular zone are also observed in the mutant neocortex. In vivo and in vitro proliferation and neurogenesis as well as oligodendrogenesis by cortical radial glia or by dissociated neural stem cells are significantly defective in the mutants. Neocortical layer patterning is not apparently altered, while astrogliogenesis is ectopically increased in the mutants. At the molecular level, the expression of the transcription factor Pax6 is dramatically diminished in the cortical radial glia and the sphere-forming neural stem cells of ß-catenin-deficient mutants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays demonstrate that ß-catenin/Tcf complex binds to Pax6 promoter and induces its transcriptional activities. The forced expression of Pax6 through lentiviral transduction partially rescues the defective proliferation and neurogenesis by ß-catenin-deficient neural stem cells. Thus, Pax6 is a novel downstream target of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, and ß-catenin/Pax6 signaling plays critical roles in self-renewal and neurogenesis of radial glia/neural stem cells during neocortical development. Stem Cells 2014;32:45–58
Brief Report: Astrogliosis Promotes Functional Recovery of Completely Transected Spinal Cord Following Transplantation of hESC-Derived Oligodendrocyte and Motoneuron Progenitors
Authors: Lukovic Dunja , Valdés-Sanchez Lourdes , Sanchez-Vera Irene , Moreno-Manzano Victoria , Stojkovic Miodrag , Bhattacharya Shomi S. , Erceg Slaven 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in neural loss and consequently motor and sensory impairment below the injury. Reactive astrocytes contribute to formation of glial scar, thus impeding axonal regeneration, through secretion of extracellular matrix molecules, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). In this study, we analyze lesion site tissue to reveal the possible mechanism underlying the functional recovery after cell transplantation of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and motoneuron progenitors (MP) and propose that transplanted cells increase astrogliosis through the regenerative signaling pathways activated in the host tissue that may crucial for restoring locomotor ability. We show that the transplantation of hESC-derived OPC and MP promotes astrogliosis, through activation of Jagged1-dependent Notch and Jak/STAT signaling that support axonal survival. The transplanted cells in synergism with reactive astrocytes create permissive environment in which the expression of detrimental genes (Cspg, Tenascins, and genes involved in SLIT/ROBO signaling) was significantly decreased while expression of beneficial ones (Laminins and Fibronectin) was increased. According to our data, this mechanism is activated in all transplantation groups independently of the level of locomotor recovery. These results indicate that modifying the beneficial function of reactive astrocytes could be a feasible therapeutic strategy for spinal cord injury in future. Stem Cells 2014;32:594–599
TLR Ligands Stimulation Protects MSC from NK Killing
Authors: Giuliani Massimo , Bennaceur-Griscelli Annelise , Nanbakhsh Arash , Oudrhiri Noufissa , Chouaib Salem , Azzarone Bruno , Durrbach Antoine , Lataillade Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a fundamental role in allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease through their immunosuppressive abilities. Recently, Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been shown to modulate MSC functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of several TLR ligands on the interaction between MSC and natural killer (NK) cells. Our results show that TLR-primed adult bone marrow and embryonic MSC are more resistant than unprimed MSC to IL-2-activated NK-induced killing. Such protection can be explained by the modulation of Natural Killer group 2D ligands major histocompatibility complex class I chain A and ULBP3 and DNAM-1 ligands by TLR-primed MSC. These results indicate that MSCs are able to adapt their immuno-behavior in an inflammatory context, decreasing their susceptibility to NK killing. In addition, TLR3 but not TLR4-primed MSC enhance their suppressive functions against NK cells. However, the efficiency of this response is heterogeneous, even if the phenotypes of different analyzed MSC are rather homogeneous. The consequences could be important in MSC-mediated cell therapy, since the heterogeneity of adult MSC responders may be explored in order to select the more efficient responders. Stem Cells 2014;32:290–300
Nuclear Akt2 Opposes Limbal Keratinocyte Stem Cell Self-Renewal by Repressing a FOXO-mTORC1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Saoncella Stefania , Tassone Beatrice , Deklic Erika , Avolio Fabio , Jon Cristina , Tornillo Giusy , Luca Elisa , Iorio Enzo , Piva Roberto , Cabodi Sara , Turco Emilia , Paolo Pandolfi Pier , Calautti Enzo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Signals downstream of Akt can either favor or oppose stem cell (SC) maintenance, but how this dual role can be achieved is still undefined. Using human limbal keratinocyte stem cells (LKSCs), a SC type used in transplantation therapies for corneal regeneration, we show that Akt signaling is prominent in SC populations both in vivo and in vitro, and that Akt1 promotes while Akt2 opposes SC self-renewal. Noteworthy, loss of Akt2 signaling enhances LKSC maintenance ex vivo, whereas Akt1 depletion anticipates SC exhaustion. Mechanistically, the antagonistic functions of Akt1 and Akt2 in SC control are mainly dictated by their differential subcellular distribution, being nuclear Akt2 selectively implicated in FOXO inhibition. Akt2 downregulation favors LKSC maintenance as a result of a gain of FOXO functions, which attenuates the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex one signaling via tuberous sclerosis one gene induction, and promotes growth factor signaling through Akt1. Consistently, Akt2 deficiency also enhances limbal SCs in vivo. Thus, our findings reveal distinct roles for nuclear versus cytosolic Akt signaling in normal epithelial SC control and suggest that the selective Akt2 inhibition may provide novel pharmacological strategies for human LKSC expansion in therapeutic settings and mechanistic research. Stem Cells 2014;32:754–769
Brief Report: Dclk1 Deletion in Tuft Cells Results in Impaired Epithelial Repair After Radiation Injury
Authors: May Randal , Qu Dongfeng , Weygant Nathaniel , Chandrakesan Parthasarathy , Ali Naushad , Lightfoot Stanley A. , Li Linheng , Sureban Sripathi M. , Houchen Courtney W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The role of Dclk1+ tuft cells in the replacement of intestinal epithelia and reestablishing the epithelial barrier after severe genotoxic insult is completely unknown. Successful restoration requires precise coordination between the cells within each crypt subunit. While the mechanisms that control this response remain largely uncertain, the radiation model remains an exceptional surrogate for stem cell-associated crypt loss. Following the creation of Dclk1-intestinal-epithelial-deficient Villin-Cre;Dclk1flox/flox mice, widespread gene expression changes were detected in isolated intestinal epithelia during homeostasis. While the number of surviving crypts was unaffected, Villin-Cre;Dclk1flox/flox mice failed to maintain tight junctions and died at approximately 5 days, where Dclk1flox/flox mice lived until day 10 following radiation injury. These findings suggest that Dclk1 plays a functional role critical in the epithelial restorative response. Stem Cells 2014;32:822–827
Concise Review: Sowing the Seeds of a Fruitful Harvest: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization
Authors: Hoggatt Jonathan , Speth Jennifer M. , Pelus Louis M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for a number of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. As the use of hematopoietic transplant has expanded, so too has the source of stem and progenitor cells. The predominate source of stem and progenitors today, particularly in settings of autologous transplantation, is mobilized peripheral blood. This review will highlight the historical advances which led to the widespread use of peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation, with a look toward future enhancements to mobilization strategies. Stem Cells 2013;31:2599–2606
Argumentation and participation patterns in general chemistry peer‐led sessions
Authors: Kulatunga Ushiri , Moog Richard S. , Lewis Jennifer E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on the use of Toulmin's argumentation scheme to investigate the characteristics of student group argumentation in Peer‐Led Guided Inquiry sessions for a General Chemistry I course. A coding scheme based on Toulmin's [Toulmin [1958] The uses of argument. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press] argumentation model was used for identifying arguments during group work without instructor intervention. A modification of the framework developed by Erduran et al. [Erduran, Simon, & Osborne [2004] Science Education, 88(6), 915–933] for characterizing arguments was employed that considered both the strength of the argument and whether an argument contained contributions from one or more than one student. Data were collected by video recording weekly peer‐led sessions with a focus on two small groups. Analysis of this video data with the coding scheme and the framework revealed that students were mostly engaged in co‐constructed arguments, with more than one student providing evidence and reasoning during group activities. Students often supported their claims with data and warrants but rarely offered backings. That is, they supported their answers with evidence and reasoning but did not often elaborate on their reasoning or further validate their explanations. However, the percentage of arguments containing backings increased when arguments contained contributions from more than one student rather than being presented by one individual. Another significant finding is that students were able to resolve wrong claims through argumentation without peer leader intervention, an indication of independent learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1207–1231, 2013
Exploring high school biology students' engagement with more and less epistemologically considerate texts
Authors: Kloser Matthew 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTexts play an integral role in science research and science classrooms yet biology textbooks have traditionally failed to reflect the epistemic elements of the discipline such as justification of claims and visual representations of empirical data. This study investigates high school biology students' reading experiences when engaging more and less epistemologically considerate (EC) texts. Using a think aloud and interview protocol of 24 high school biology students who represent a range of prior achievement in English/language arts and science, this study explores students' perceived comprehension of, interest in, and trust in more and less EC biology texts and their accompanying visual representations. Results indicate that components unique to the EC texts greatly influenced students' reading experiences. Students' higher levels of interest and trust in the validity of the EC texts resulted from epistemic elements that are highly valued in science, namely, the empirical data embedded in charts and graphs. Furthermore, students most frequently cited the texts' epistemic components as helpful to their perceived comprehension. The data suggest that when compared to traditional textbook accounts, more EC texts can serve as levers in high school biology classrooms for improving students' confidence in comprehending texts, for increasing interest in science content, and for better aligning students' justification of trusting a particular source with what is considered a more sophisticated scientific epistemological stance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1232–1257, 2013
Conducting causal effects studies in science education: Considering methodological trade‐offs in the context of policies affecting research in schools
Authors: Taylor Joseph , Kowalski Susan , Wilson Christopher , Getty Stephen , Carlson Janet 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on the trade‐offs that lie at the intersection of methodological requirements for causal effect studies and policies that affect how and to what extent schools engage in such studies. More specifically, current federal funding priorities encourage large‐scale randomized studies of interventions in authentic settings. At the same time, policies that require schools to make adequate yearly progress (AYP) on state achievement tests make it risky for them to participate in trials of unproven interventions. Researchers attempting to balance rigorous study designs with the pressures felt by school districts must thoughtfully balance validity threats that are introduced in the negotiations with those districts. In this article, we draw on our experience conducting several randomized trials to discuss how these factors can be balanced. Specifically, we discuss necessary trade‐offs in causal effects studies related to statistical power, measurement sensitivity, research ethics, minimizing bias, and addressing the interests of all stakeholders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 1127–1141, 2013
Novel fault‐location method for overhead electrical distribution systems
Authors: Alwash Shamam Fadhil , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna Kumaran 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe implementation of a fault‐location methodology in an electrical utility is dependent on the accuracy and ability of the method in locating all fault types. However, meeting these requirements is not an easy task. This paper presents a novel fault‐location algorithm based on a new formulation for faults in overhead distribution systems. A single fault‐location equation has been derived to provide a unified solution for any fault type. This is in contrast with other methods that use one equation for each fault type. The proposed method does not require the identification of the fault type; only the fundamental values of the voltages and currents that are measured at the substation terminal are required to solve the proposed fault‐location equation. An overhead 11‐kV, 21‐bus, real‐life radial distribution feeder is simulated to evaluate and test the viability of the proposed method using the PSCAD/EMTDC software. The results indicate that the proposed method gives high accuracy and can be implemented with the available technology. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reversed signal propagation BDD based low‐power pass‐transistor logic synthesis
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Thangavel , Prasad Vishnuvajjula Charan , Singh Ajay Kumar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBinary decision diagrams (BDDs) are the most frequently used data structure for the representation and manipulation of Boolean functions in the area of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) CAD. In this paper, we propose the reversed‐signal‐propagation (RSP) BDD‐based low‐power pass‐transistor logic (PTL) synthesis. In RSP BDD, the signal flow direction is opposite to that of the forward BDD. So the power supply is taken as a root node and the terminal nodes 0 and 1 represent the function in its normal and complement form. We propose an efficient way to construct the multi‐output function RSP BDD and its PTL realization. Simulation results of the proposed method give lower power consumption and high performance as a result of reduced switching activity than the existing techniques. The power improvement is about 70–80% compared to the existing techniques. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preference modeling for personalized retrieval based on browsing history analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPersonalized retrieval aims at meeting the personalized information need of users, in which preference modeling is of great importance. The user's preference can be revealed via user specification and relevance feedback, both of which require extra effort from the user and are inevitably labor intensive. In this paper, we propose a novel preference modeling algorithm based on browsing history analysis for personalized retrieval. Based on the browsing log, we explore the user's interest in both fields and field values and accumulatively update the preference model. Given a query, the relevant retrieval results can spontaneously be ranked according to their corresponding preference score without any extra user interference. Advanced settings are subsequently discussed to further improve the algorithm for practical use. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over previous work. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of electric field stimulation timing on calcium dynamics of cultured cardiomyocytes
Authors: Miyashita Leo , Takayama Yuzo , Haga Tatsuya , Suzuki Takafumi , Mabuchi Kunihiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article, in order to propose the effective and low‐intensity stimulation method for cardiomyocyte, electric field stimulation was applied to cultured cardiomyocytes, and its responses were recorded and analyzed in term of applied timing by calcium imaging. As a result, we confirmed that electric field stimulation after peak of calcium transients (late‐phase stimulation) lengthened the full width at third maximum of calcium transient cycles temporarily. By optimizing the applied timing, electric field stimulation would be more effective method for controlling cardiomyocyte dynamics. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association between reduced fetal movements at term and abnormal uterine artery Doppler indices
Authors: Pagani G. , D'Antonio F. , Khalil A. , Akolekar R. , Papageorghiou A. , Bhide A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the association between second‐trimester uterine artery (UtA) Doppler pulsatility index (PI) with reduced fetal movements (RFM) and adverse pregnancy outcome at term.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all singleton pregnancies referred for routine antenatal care at a fetal medicine unit over a 5‐year period. UtA Doppler indices were obtained at the time of the routine anomaly scan between 19 and 23 weeks' gestation to assess the risk for pre‐eclampsia. All episodes of RFM within 1 month of the expected date of delivery were recorded. Regression and sensitivity analyses were used to assess the relationship between UtA‐PI with RFM, small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetuses and stillbirth after 36 weeks' gestation.ResultsOverall, 17 649 pregnancies were included in the analysis, of which 742 presented with RFM, 1494 gave birth to an SGA newborn and 53 were complicated by stillbirth after 36 weeks' gestation. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant and independent association between UtA‐PI and RFM (odds ratio (OR), 5.03 (95% CI, 4.21–6.01); P < 0.001), SGA (OR 2.41 (95% CI, 2.09–2.79); P < 0.001) and stillbirth (OR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.21–1.98); P< 0.001). The association between UtA‐PI and SGA was significantly stronger in women presenting with RFM than in the rest of the cohort (P < 0.001). Similarly the association between UtA‐PI and RFM was significantly stronger in those pregnancies complicated by stillbirth (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCompared with normal pregnancies, those complicated by RFM, SGA and stillbirth at term had higher UtA‐PI at 19–23 weeks' gestation. These findings support the assertion that RFM at term is independently related to placental dysfunction and subsequent risk for SGA and stillbirth. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mainstreaming climate change adaptation into development: a case study of Bangladesh
Authors: Ayers Jessica M. , Huq Saleemul , Faisal Arif M. , Hussain Syed T. 
Published: October 2013

The close linkages between climate change adaptation and development have led to calls for addressing the two issues in an integrated way. ‘Mainstreaming’ climate information, policies and measures into ongoing development planning and decision‐making has been proposed as one solution, seen as making more sustainable, effective and efficient use of resources than designing and managing climate policies separately from ongoing development activities. But what does mainstreaming look like in practice? This article explores the process of mainstreaming, drawing on the country case study of Bangladesh, one of the countries that have made significant progress on adaptation planning and mainstreaming. The article begins by making the case for mainstreaming, by exploring the linkages and trade‐offs between adaptation and development and describing the various approaches to mainstreaming from the literature. Second, it considers how to implement mainstreaming in practice, reviewing an existing four‐step framework. Examining this framework against the plethora of mainstreaming experiences in Bangladesh, the article considers how the framework can be used as a tool for assessing the progress of mainstreaming progress in Bangladesh. The article concludes that while the framework is useful for considering some of the preconditions necessary for getting mainstreaming underway, experiences of mainstreaming in Bangladesh reflect a much more complex patchwork of processes and stakeholders that need to be taken into consideration in further research on this topic. WIREs Clim Change 2014, 5:37–51. doi: 10.1002/wcc.226This article is categorized under:

Climate and Development > Knowledge and Action in Development