bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic skull base surgery practice patterns: survey of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Batra Pete S. , Lee Jivianne , Barnett Samuel L. , Senior Brent A. , Setzen Michael , Kraus Dennis H. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of advanced endoscopic techniques on the current practice patterns in skull base surgery.MethodsA 20‐item written survey approved by the American Rhinologic Society (ARS) and North American Skull Base Society (NASBS) was conducted at the 22nd Annual NASBS meeting in Las Vegas, NV, from February 17 to 19, 2012. The target group included 212 practicing skull base surgeons.ResultsSeventy‐nine physicians (37.3%) completed the survey. The subspecialty composition was 42 (53%) otolaryngologists and 35 (44%) neurosurgeons. The respondents represented all regions of the country, with most common being the North Central (24%) and Mid‐Atlantic (23%) states. Open and endoscopic skull base techniques were used by 91% and 80%, respectively. During a typical year, the number of endoscopic skull base cases ranged between 20 and 50 in 32%, 50 to 100 in 13%, and >100 in 8%. Endoscopic pituitary surgery was performed by 95%, while transcribriform, transplanum, and transclival approaches were performed by 70.5%, 66%, and 66%, respectively. Wide variation in coding philosophy was noted, including use of unlisted neurosurgical (28%), open skull base (28%), unlisted endoscopic (24%), and sinus surgery (20%) codes. Only 30% of physicians reported adequate reimbursement in ≥50% of the performed cases. Overall, 87% were supportive of the creation of dedicated endoscopic skull base codes.ConclusionThe present survey attests to the widespread adaptation of endoscopic techniques in the management schema of skull base surgery. The wide variation in coding techniques and inadequate reimbursement suggests that future dialogue should also focus on developing consensus with respect to the coding and billing process.
Facile synthesis and electrochemical properties of α‐MnO2 as electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Fan Rui‐juan , Chen Ya , Chen Bai‐zheng , Wang Jia‐wei 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTMnO2 as the electrode material for supercapacitors has attracted much interest in recent years. However, there are still some restrictions for its application. In this paper, to improve the capacitive properties of MnO2, material was synthesized by a facile and efficient low‐temperature reduction reaction between KMnO4 and Cu foil in sulfuric acid solutions. The results showed that the initial concentrations of KMnO4 and the addition of concentrated sulfuric acid have distinct influence on the structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the as‐prepared MnO2. Particularly, morphological characterization displayed that the sample synthesized in 0.05 mol L−1 KMnO4 and 16 mL concentrated sulfuric acid is composed of urchins with the average diameter of 0.7 µm. The product exhibits a discharge specific capacitance of 288.03 F g−1 at the constant current density of 65 mA g−1. The capacitance remains about 50% of the initial capacitance at 250 mA g−1, and is 100.06 F g−1 after the 100th cycle. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ modification of cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin with boric acid for high‐performance applications
Authors: Kızılcan Nilgün , Dinçer Pelin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA boron‐containing cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin (BCFR) was synthesized from cyclohexanone, formaldehyde, and boric acid. The effects of the boric acid concentration, solubility, molecular weight, and thermal properties on the product were investigated. Characterization of the BCFRs was done by NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared–attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. The thermal properties of the samples were determined with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. The study results demonstrate that the resin had higher heat‐resistance properties than the commonly modified cyclohexanone formaldehyde resin. The obtained samples were also characterized morphologically by scanning electron microscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Role of ammonium chloride in preparing poly(urea‐formaldehyde) microcapsules using one‐step method
Authors: Fan Chuanjie , Tang Juntao , Zhou Xiaodong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the role of ammonium chloride in the process of preparing poly (urea‐formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules using the one‐step method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were used to observe the morphology of the microcapsule. The results showed that the addition of ammonium chloride in the one‐step process of preparing PUF resin microcapsule decreases the pH of the system. The decrease in pH of the system is due to the reaction between ammonium chloride and formaldehyde, and more so due to the reaction between ammonium chloride and hydroxymethyl urea. In addition to reducing the pH of the system, the reaction between ammonium chloride and urea‐formaldehyde resin can generate surface active substances, which drives the formed UF nanoparticles to enrich the surface of the dispersed phase. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Stimulation of production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in endothelial cells by unmodified and Fenton‐modified ultradisperse detonation diamond
Authors: Solarska‐Ściuk K. , Gajewska A. , Skolimowski J. , Mitura K. , Bartosz G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the development of nanotechnology opens up new prospects for biomedical applications of unmodified and chemically modified diamond nanoparticles (DNPs). The problem of biocompatibility of DNPs is thus of primary importance. The first step in the modification of DNPs is usually the introduction of ‒OH groups, which can bind other functional groups. One of the basic methods to introduce ‒OH groups onto DNPs is the Fenton reaction. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of unmodified DNPs and nanoparticles modified by the Fenton reaction on human endothelial cells. Ultradisperse diamond (UDD) was modified by the Fenton reaction introducing surface ‒OH groups. Immortalized human umbilical cord endothelial cells (HUVEC‐ST) were incubated with 2–100 µg/mL nanopowders in the opti‐MEM medium. For comparison, graphite powder (GRAF and GRAF+OH) was also employed. UDD and GRAF augmented generation of reactive oxygen species in the cells after 24 H incubation, estimated by oxidation of 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2DCF‐DA). Cellular production of nitric oxide, estimated with DAF‐FM‐DA (3‐amino‐4‐aminomethyl 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate), was also affected by UDD and GRAF after 24 H. Fenton‐modified OH, in contrast to unmodified diamond, decreased NO production. Detonation nanoparticles also affected the cellular content of glutathione and activities of main antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S‐transferase).This article was published online on 5 February 2013. Errors in the byline and affiliation line were subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 18 April 2013.
When peers are not peers and don't know it: The Dunning‐Kruger effect and self‐fulfilling prophecy in peer‐review
Authors: Huang Sui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe fateful combination of (i) the Dunning‐Kruger effect (ignorance of one's own ignorance) with (ii) the nonlinear dynamics of the echo‐chamber between reviewers and editors fuels a self‐reinforcing collective delusion system that sometimes spirals uncontrollably away from objectivity and truth. Escape from this subconscious meta‐ignorance is a formidable challenge but if achieved will help correct a central deficit of the peer‐review process that stifles innovation and paradigm shifts.
Psychological characteristics of male 14‐ to 20‐year‐olds on probation and in a residential home in Hong Kong
Authors: Chui Wing Hong , Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundLittle research has been conducted with Hong Kong juvenile probationers.AimsThe goals of this study are to examine the psychological characteristics of 14‐ to 20‐year‐old male probationers and to test their relationship with broad types of offending – violent and nonviolent.MethodsParticipants were drawn from the only transitional housing facility for juvenile probationers aged 14–20 years. Offence types and numbers were rated from self‐report. Various schedules were rated at interview with consenting young men to describe them in terms of eight psychological characteristics: self‐esteem, life satisfaction, social bonding, positive affect, negative affect, impulsivity, pro‐criminal attitude and self‐perceived life problems.ResultsA total of 113 young men completed the assessment, 90% of those eligible. The average psychological profile of these young men was fairly typical for their communities. Pro‐criminal attitudes, however, correlated with both main types of offending, whereas main affective state was differently associated. Predominantly, negative affect was associated with violent offending and predominantly positive affect with nonviolent offending.ConclusionsParticipants in this study generally reported higher levels of positive psychological well‐being than in previous nondelinquent Chinese samples.Implications for practice and future research

A case–control study comparing such offenders with nondelinquents is required to clarify these findings.
A longitudinal design is now indicated to test the direction of relationships between psychological indicators and offending.
These steps would be useful precursors to a service evaluation of probation hostels for young offenders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liquefaction of Cornstalk in Sub‐/Supercritical Cyclohexane with Zeolite
Authors: Tao H. , Xie X. , Li X. , Zheng C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLiquefaction of cornstalk in sub‐ and supercritical cyclohexane with a zeolite catalyst was performed in a stainless‐steel reactor. The reaction system was divided into four lumps: gas, residue, water‐soluble fraction (WSF), and ethanol‐soluble fraction (ESF). The effects of the cyclohexane‐to‐cornstalk ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and zeolite amount on the lump yields were studied. The results show that reaction time and temperature had significant effects on the distribution of the products. The amounts of organic acids, acetic ester and aldehyde in the ESF obtained from cornstalk liquefaction with zeolite were higher than without zeolite. The distributions of the WSF changed with zeolite use. The main secondary reaction pathways of bio‐oil generation are proposed. Part of the unstable WSF was converted into the ESF and gas. The ESF further formed a residue through condensation, cyclization and repolymerization in sub‐/supercritical cyclohexane. GC/MS analysis showed that the WSF and the ESF comprised a mixture of organic compounds, which mainly included organic acids, aldehydes, ketones and phenolic compounds.
Influence of Parameters on Glycerol Hydrogenolysis over a Cu/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Wolosiak‐Hnat A. , Milchert E. , Grzmil B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe influence of technological parameters like hydrogen pressure, temperature, glycerol concentration in aqueous solution, amount of catalyst, stirring speed, and reaction time on glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,2‐propanediol over a Cu/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by coprecipitation was investigated. Functions describing the process were glycerol conversion as well as selectivity to 1,2‐propanediol and to by‐products in the liquid and gas phase. The structure and properties of synthesized Cu/Al2O3 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis, BET surface area, average pore volume, and pore diameter. Catalyst recycle studies were also performed.
Highly Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels by Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquids Based on Iron Chloride
Authors: Dong Y. , Nie Y. , Zhou Q. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAcidic ionic liquids (ILs) have been employed as extractant and catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process of fuels in recent years. Several Lewis acidic ionic liquids [C63MPy]Cl/nFeCl3 (molar fraction n = 0.5, 1, 2, 3) and [C6MIM]Cl/FeCl3 were prepared and used to remove the aromatic sulfur compounds dibenzothiophene and benzothiophene from fuels. In the ODS process, the used ILs acted as both extractant and catalyst with 30 wt % hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution as oxidant. The effects of Lewis acidity of ILs, IL's cation structure, molar ratio of O/S, reaction temperature, and different sulfur compounds on the sulfur removal of model oil were investigated. The results indicated that the sulfur removal for dibenzothiophene was affected by Lewis acidity of ILs and nearly reached 100 % by [C63MPy]Cl/FeCl3 at conditions of 298 K, IL/oil mass ratio of 1/3, O/S molar ratio of 4/1, in 20 min. The sulfur removal of real gasoline reached 99.7 % after seven ODS runs in the [C63MPy]Cl/FeCl3‐H2O2 system.
Quantifying spillover spreading for comparing instrument performance and aiding in multicolor panel design
Authors: Nguyen Richard , Perfetto Stephen , Mahnke Yolanda D. , Chattopadhyay Pratip , Roederer Mario 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAfter compensation, the measurement errors arising from multiple fluorescences spilling into each detector become evident by the spreading of nominally negative distributions. Depending on the instrument configuration and performance, and reagents used, this “spillover spreading” (SS) affects sensitivity in any given parameter. The degree of SS had been predicted theoretically to increase with measurement error, i.e., by the square root of fluorescence intensity, as well as directly related to the spectral overlap matrix coefficients. We devised a metric to quantify SS between any pair of detectors. This metric is intrinsic, as it is independent of fluorescence intensity. The combination of all such values for one instrument can be represented as a spillover spreading matrix (SSM). Single‐stained controls were used to determine the SSM on multiple instruments over time, and under various conditions of signal quality. SSM values reveal fluorescence spectrum interactions that can limit the sensitivity of a reagent in the presence of brightly‐stained cells on a different color. The SSM was found to be highly reproducible; its non‐trivial values show a CV of less than 30% across a 2‐month time frame. In addition, the SSM is comparable between similarly‐configured instruments; instrument‐specific differences in the SSM reveal underperforming detectors. Quantifying and monitoring the SSM can be a useful tool in instrument quality control to ensure consistent sensitivity and performance. In addition, the SSM is a key element for predicting the performance of multicolor immunofluorescence panels, which will aid in the optimization and development of new panels. We propose that the SSM is a critical component of QA/QC in evaluation of flow cytometer performance. Published 2013 Wiley‐ Periodicals, Inc.
Assembly of Hybrid Materials Based on a Lanthanide–Organic Framework and a Keggin‐Type [PMo12–xVxO40](3+x)– (x = 1, 2) Cluster
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Li , Yin Xuena , Huang Rudan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of hybrid compounds based on polyoxometalates (POM), namely, [Ln4(pdc)4(H2O)16][PMo11VO40]·2H2O (1–5) and [Ln4(pdc)4(H2O)16][HPMo10V2O40]·H2O (6, 7) (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm for 1–5, respectively, and Ln = La and Ce for 6 and 7, respectively; H2pdc = pyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid), were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, XRD, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses. In these compounds, the Keggin polyanions [PMo12–xVxO40](3+x)– (x = 1, 2) are encapsulated as noncoordinating guests in the nonlinear channels of the 3D lanthanide–pdc‐based host framework with a 43·62·8 topology. Moreover, photoluminescent properties, electrochemical properties, and catalytic properties were investigated.
Stabilization of Chiral Helices for Saccharide‐Linked Ethynylpyridine Oligomers Possessing a Conformationally Well‐Defined Linkage
Authors: Kayamori Fumihiro , Abe Hajime , Inouye Masahiko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTetrameric and octameric 2,6‐pyridylene ethynylene oligomers linked to a β‐D‐glucopyranoside template through an o‐phenylene linker were prepared and studied for their higher‐order structure. These oligomers formed chiral helical structures through intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the ethynylpyridine moiety and the glucoside template. The rigidity of the o‐phenylene linker stabilizes the helical structure to improve its CD activity and resistance against protic surroundings. Furthermore, the helical stabilization was enhanced by the addition of Cu(OTf)2 and Zn(NO3)2 salts.
Straightforward Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 5,8‐Disubstituted 5,6,8,9‐Te­trahydro‐4H,7H‐2,5,6a,8,9a‐pentaazaphenalene‐1,3‐diones
Authors: García Daniel , Jatczak Martyna , Muylaert Koen , De Coen Laurens M. , Stevens Christian V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe multicomponent reaction of 6‐aminouracils (1), formaldehyde, and selected amines allowed the direct synthesis of a tricyclic heterocyclic scaffold (3) through consecutive Mannich‐type and condensation reactions in excellent yields, creating one C–C and seven C–N bonds. Using this one‐pot reaction, a sustainable method was developed for substituted‐5,6,8,9‐tetrahydro‐4H,7H‐2,5,6a,8,9a‐pentaazaphenalene‐1,3‐diones, a unique skeleton of medicinal interest.
A Catalyst‐Economic One‐Pot Protocol for the Synthesis and Conversion of Functionalized Vinylstannanes
Authors: Klos Manuel R. , Kazmaier Uli 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA wide range of functionalized compounds can easily be obtained by a Pd‐catalyzed one‐pot hydrostannylation/elimination/distannylation/radical allylation sequence. The Pd catalyst used can be involved in up to five different reaction steps.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of 1,3‐Disubstituted β‐Carboline Alkaloids, (–)‐Dichotomine A and (+)‐Dichotomide II
Authors: Tagawa Shinji , Choshi Tominari , Okamoto Asuka , Nishiyama Takashi , Watanabe Shiroh , Hatae Noriyuki , Ishikura Minoru , Hibino Satoshi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract(S)‐(–)‐Dichotomine A and its enantiomer were synthesized from the key intermediate, methyl 1‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)‐β‐carboline‐3‐carboxylate, by enantioselective esterification with Lipase QLM. The first total synthesis of (+)‐dichotomide II and its enantiomer were also achieved from (S)‐(–)‐dichotomine A methyl ester and its enantiomer. The absolute configuration of the stereogenic center of the reported (+)‐dichotomide II was determined to be R.
Formation of a cohesive floodplain in a dynamic experimental meandering river
Authors: van Dijk Wout M. , van de Lageweg Wietse I. , Kleinhans Maarten G. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTField studies suggest that a cohesive floodplain is a necessary condition for meandering in contrast to braided rivers. However, it is only partly understood how the balance between floodplain construction by overbank deposition and removal by bank erosion and chutes leads to meandering. This is needed because only then does a dynamic equilibrium exist and channels maintain meandering with low width–depth ratios. Our objective is to understand how different styles of floodplain formation such as overbank deposition and lateral accretion cause narrower channels and prevent chute cutoffs that lead to meandering. In this study we present two experiments with a self‐forming channel in identical conditions, but to one we added cohesive silt at the upstream boundary. The effect of cohesive silt on bank stability was tested in auxiliary bank erosion experiments and showed that an increase in silt reduced erosion rates by a factor of 2. The experiment without silt developed to a braided river by continuous and extensive shifting of multiple channels. In contrast, in the meandering river silt deposits increased bank stability of the cohesive floodplain and resulted in a reduction of chute cutoffs and increased sinuosity by continuous lateral migration of a single channel. Overbank flow led to deposition of the silt and two styles of cohesive floodplain were observed: first, overbank vertical‐accretion of silt, e.g. levee, overbank sedimentation or splays; and second, lateral point bar accretion with silt on the scrolls and in the swales. The first style led to a reduction in bank erosion, while the second style reduced excavation of chutes. We conclude that sedimentation of fine cohesive material on the floodplain by discharge exceeding bankfull is a necessary condition for meandering. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pine oleoresin: tapping green chemicals, biofuels, food protection, and carbon sequestration from multipurpose trees
Authors: Rodrigues‐Corrêa Kelly Cristine da Silva , de Lima Júlio César , Fett‐Neto Arthur Germano 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPlants of the genusPinusare able to grow in a wide range of environments, many of which are quite harsh and extreme. High benefit–cost ratio of pine plantations resides on the relatively low demand for management investments and high economic and environmental services returns. Pine forests work as sinks of atmospheric carbon, contributing to greenhouse effect mitigation. They are important sources of numerous useful products, including not only wood and cellulose but also nonwood products used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as for biorefineries. This review examines biological and economic aspects of pine trees concerning the chemical industry, especially the contributions of this natural source for replacing petroleum‐derived chemicals and fuels, improving food safety, and increasing carbon storage. Future goals for this forestry sector, such as the establishment of super‐resinous forests, are also discussed.
Six month–lead downscaling prediction of winter to spring drought in South Korea based on a multimodel ensemble
Authors: Sohn Soo‐Jin , Ahn Joong‐Bae , Tam Chi‐Yung 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe potential of using a dynamical‐statistical method for long‐lead drought prediction was investigated. In particular, the APEC Climate Center one‐tier multimodel ensemble (MME) was downscaled for predicting the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) over 60 stations in South Korea. SPEI depends on both precipitation and temperature, and can incorporate the effect of global warming on the balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration. It was found that the one‐tier MME has difficulty in capturing the local temperature and rainfall variations over extratropical land areas, and has no skill in predicting SPEI during boreal winter and spring. On the other hand, temperature and precipitation predictions were substantially improved in the downscaled MME. In conjunction with variance inflation, downscaled MME can give reasonably skillful 6 month–lead forecasts of SPEI for the winter to spring period. Our results could lead to more reliable hydrological extreme predictions for policymakers and stakeholders in the water management sector, and for better mitigation and climate adaptations.