bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food plots as a habitat management tool: forage production and ungulate browsing in adjacent forest
Authors: Månsson Johan , Roberge Jean‐Michel , Edenius Lars , Bergström Roger , Nilsson Lovisa , Lidberg Maria , Komstedt Karl , Ericsson Göran 
Published: August 2015

A key challenge for wildlife management is to handle competing goals. High ungulate densities may be desirable from hunting and recreational perspectives, but may come in conflict with needs to limit or reduce browsing damage. Since browsing intensity is negatively related to forage availability it may be possible to mitigate damage on forest by increasing forage availability within the landscape. A commonly used method to increase the attractiveness of a localized part of the landscape is to establish food plots. In a multiyear setup using enclosures, wildlife observations, field surveys, and controlled biomass removal, we studied food plots to document forage production, utilization by ungulates, and browsing on adjacent forests in southern Sweden. The fenced parts of the food plots produced on average 2230 to 5810 kg ha‐1 marrow‐stem kale, second‐year clover mix or early‐sown rapeseed. The biomass of target crops was generally higher within ungrazed (exclosures) compared to grazed (controls) quadrats on the food plots, which demonstrates that the crops were used as forage by ungulates. Browsing on deciduous trees in the adjacent forest was higher within 70–135 m from the food plots compared to areas further away. For wildlife management, our study shows that establishment of food plots provides substantial amounts of forage both during growing season and at the onset of the dormant season, and that a large share of this food is consumed. Finally, our study documents that forage availability for ungulates at the onset of the often‐limiting dormant season can be increased by fencing food plots throughout the growing season.
Diversity, abundance and the impact of hunting on large mammals in two contrasting forest sites in northern amazon
Authors: de Andrade Melo Éverton Renan , Gadelha José Ramon , de Nazaré Domingos da Silva Maria , da Silva Antonio Paulo , Pontes Antonio Rossano Mendes 
Published: August 2015

A variety of Amazonian mammals serve as sources of food for its human inhabitants, but hunting can have a strong negative impact on them. Diversity, abundance, biomass, and average group size of medium‐sized and large mammals are compared across two forest areas of the northern Amazon: the Viruá National Park (protected) and the Novo Paraíso settlement (a human settlement where hunting is permitted). Hunting pressure was also characterized in Novo Paraíso. A total of 33 mammal species were recorded. There were no significant differences in the sighting rates, relative abundance and biomass, and mammal group sizes between the two areas, although the totals of all these variables were higher in Viruá due to the higher abundance of Tayassu pecari, which was not recorded at Novo Paraíso. It is suggested that T. pecari may be on the verge of local extinction, as it was the most hunted species in the settlement area. Through interviews with 50 hunters, we estimate that 541 mammals of 20 species were hunted during the study year, resulting in an estimated biomass take of 8517 kg. While the hunting intensity in Novo Paraíso may be sustainable in the short term, the reported decline of hunting efficiency, combined with the extirpation of T. pecari, suggests that mammal abundance may decline there in the near future. In the study year, 849 hunts were carried out in a hunting effort of 4575 hours, with a maximum distance travelled of 5.4 km. There was an average of 4.82 consumers for each hunt, and a per capita harvest rate of 2.24 individuals/consumer year. Hunting was not only for subsistence, but also for retaliation, although some species may not be hunted due to cultural taboos. The need for quantification of harvesting rates to maintain hunting at sustainable levels is highlighted.
A double-blind randomized trial on the clinical effect of different shunt valve settings in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Farahmand Dan , Sæhle Terje , Eide Per Kristian , Tisell Magnus , Hellström Per , Wikkelsö Carsten 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
The study aim was to examine the effect of gradually reducing the opening pressure on symptoms and signs in the shunt treatment of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

METHODS
In this prospective double-blinded, randomized, controlled, double-center study on patients with iNPH, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with an adjustable Codman Medos Valve was implanted in 68 patients randomized into 2 groups. In 1 group (the 20–4 group) the valve setting was initially set to 20 cm H2O and gradually reduced to 4 cm H2O over the course of the 6-month study period. In the other group (the 12 group), the valve was kept at a medium level of 12 cm H2O during the whole study period. All patients were clinically evaluated using 4 tests preoperatively as well as postoperatively at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months. The test scores between the 2 groups (20–4 and 12) were compared for each clinical evaluation.

RESULTS
Fifty-five patients (81%) were able to complete the study. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups (20–4 and 12) preoperatively or at any time postoperatively. Both groups exhibited significant clinical improvement after shunt insertion at all valve settings compared with the preoperative score, with the greatest improvement observed at the first postoperative evaluation. The clinical improvement was significant within the first 3 months, and thereafter no significant improvement was seen in either group.

CONCLUSIONS
Gradual reduction of the valve setting from 20 to 4 cm H2O did not improve outcome compared with a fixed valve setting of 12 cm H2O. Improvement after shunt surgery in iNPH patients was evident within 3 months, irrespective of valve setting.
Bilinear and Quadratic Forms on Rational Modules of Split Reductive Groups
Authors: Garibaldi Skip , Nakano Daniel K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe representation theory of semisimple algebraic groups over the complex numbers
(equivalently, semisimple complex Lie algebras or Lie groups, or real compact Lie groups) and the
questions of whether a given complex representation is symplectic or orthogonal have been solved
since at least the 1950s. Similar results for Weyl modules of split reductive groups over fields of
characteristic different from z hold by using similar proofs. This paper considers analogues of these
results for simple, induced, and tilting modules of split reductive groups over fields of prime characteristic as well as a complete answer for Weyl modules over fields of characteristic 2.
Apartheid's Alcatraz: The Barberton Prison Complex During the Early 1980s - Part Two
Authors: Peté SA 
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this two-part article is to examine in detail the public discourse surrounding the Barberton Prison Complex during the early 1980s, at the height of the apartheid era. The prisons within the Barberton Prison Complex were notorious as being among the most punitive of the many prisons within apartheid South Africa. Barberton was the place to which the most dangerous and intractable prisoners were sent to serve their sentences, making it apartheid's "Alcatraz". The focus of this article is on the treatment of "normal" as opposed to "political" prisoners during the period in question, allowing the "voices" of ordinary prisoners – often sidelined and silenced – to be brought to the fore. The Barberton Prison Complex is examined through the lens of public discourse, as reflected in a wide range of South African newspapers published at the time. By analysing a large number of reports dealing with events at Barberton during the period in question, in both English and Afrikaans language newspapers, as well as in both politically conservative and politically liberal newspapers, this article attempts to capture both the "smell" and the "feel" of what it was like to be imprisoned in one of apartheid's toughest prison complexes. Furthermore, this article seeks to show that – despite legislative measures restricting the publication of information on conditions inside apartheid prisons – the press was able to provide a steady stream of information to the South African public on the shocking events which occurred at Barberton during the period in question. Part Two of the article examines a string of violent incidents which occurred within the Barberton Prison Complex during the course of 1983, leading to nine inmate deaths. The response of the authorities to this orgy of violence at Barberton is discussed, including the findings of a committee of enquiry. It is concluded that the events at Barberton during the early 1980s were symptomatic of what was happening to the apartheid system as a whole. The South African penal system - in particular at its harshest extremity - acted as a kind of barometer, revealing both the cruelty of the system, as well as the considerable constraints and pressures under which it was operating.
Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Supernumerary Intrathyroidal Dormant Adenoma
Authors: Sebag Frédéric , Lowery Aoife , Vanbrugghe Charles , Golffier Claudio , Henry Jean Francois 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecurrent primary hyperparathyroidism is a rare entity and presents a significant surgical challenge.Presentation of caseWe present the case of a 53-year-old female with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism, which was caused by the very rare occurrence of a metachronous parathyroid adenoma in a supernumerary intrathyroidal parathyroid.DiscussionThis unique case highlights the challenges that arise in the evaluation of recurrent hyperparathyroidism in which even a thorough preoperative evaluation including radiographic, nuclear medicine studies and fine needle aspiration cytology did not facilitate a definitive preoperative diagnosis.ConclusionThe management approach for these patients requires meticulous planning, experience and appropriate use of intraoperative adjuncts to guide surgical strategy.How to cite this articleLowery A, Vanbrugghe C, Golffier C, Sebag F, Henry JF. Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Diagnostic Challenge in a Supernumerary Intrathyroidal Dormant Adenoma. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(2):39-43.
Ganglioneuroblastoma as Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-secreting Tumor: Rare Case Report in a Child
Authors: Kumar Sheo , Kumar Basant , Upadhyaya Vijai D , Rao Ram Nawal 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Pathologically elevated vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) plasma levels cause secretory diarrhea with excessive loss of water and electrolyte and is characterized by the typical symptoms of hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis. It rarely occurs in patients with non-pancreatic disease. Despite the clinical severity, diagnosis of a VIP-secreting tumor is often delayed. We herein present a 14-month-old boy having prolonged therapy-resistant secretory diarrhea, persistent hypokalemia with tissue diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma and raised plasma VIP-levels.

How to cite this article
Kumar B, Upadhyaya VD, Rao RN, Kumar S. Ganglioneuroblastoma as Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide-secreting Tumor: Rare Case Report in a Child. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(2):47-50.
The Culture of Construction Organisations: the Epitome of Institutionalised Corruption?
Authors: Arewa Andrew Oyen , Arewa Andrew Oyen , Farrell Peter 
Published: August 2015

<p>The culture of an organisation is a vital element of business competency that must align with its strategic goals, and enhance peoples’ perceptions, feelings and behaviour in adapting to the world around them. Organisational culture may also bring about negative practices such as dishonesty and unethical behaviours. Recently the culture of some construction organisations has been called into question. For example, major construction projects around the globe have become involved in allegations of fraud and corruption. The cost is currently estimated at US$860 billion globally; with forecasts that it may rise to US$1.5 trillion by 2025. Hitherto, the role of the culture of construction organisations in fraud and corruption activities has been largely hidden. The study aim is to establish whether the culture of construction organisations promotes corrupt practices in the UK construction and infrastructure sector. The study employed mixed research methods with qualitative interviews supported by a quantitative questionnaire and examination of five case studies in different countries. Findings show that the culture of construction organisations together with the nature of the industry promotes fraud and corruption. The study subsequently highlighted key cultural factors that support fraud and corruption in a way that is almost institutionalised. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: construction, corruption, culture and organisations</p>
Understanding Megaproject Success beyond the Project Close-Out Stage
Authors: Fahri Johan , Biesenthal Christopher , Pollack Julien , Sankaran Shankar 
Published: August 2015

Project success has always been an important topic in the project management literature. One of the main discussions is concerned with how a project’s success is evaluated and what factors lead to achieving this success. Traditionally project success has been measured at the point where the project outputs are handed over, after the close out phase. Recently, questions have been raised in the literature as to whether we should be evaluating project success beyond the close out phase, to better account for organizational and societal outcomes. However, not much has been published about how the long term impacts and outcomes are measured. This is of particular concern in megaprojects as they often attract a high level of public attention and political interest, and have both direct and indirect impacts on the community, environment, and national budgets. In this paper the authors review success factors and criteria that are applicable to projects in general and megaprojects in particular. They identify the significance of evaluating outcomes and impact and propose an ex-post project evaluation (EPPE) framework for megaprojects.
COMPATIBILITY STUDY OF LOW-TEMPERATURE–CAPABLE FLUOROELASTOMERS IN JET FUELS
Authors: Pazur Richard J. , Cormier J. G. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
A series of four peroxide-cured fluoroelastomer (FKM) samples, varying in fluorine level and low-temperature resistance, were assessed in jet fuels JP-8 and JP-8+100 at 125 °C from 1 to 5 weeks. The key factors were fluorine level, FKM chemical structure, and the jet fuel +100 additive package. FKM stiffened upon aging with a corresponding loss in both tensile and elongation at break properties. Volume swell increased with immersion time, whereas any changes in chemical cross-linking density by equilibrium swelling were minor. The +100 additive package had a mild effect in causing property deterioration through stiffening and volume swell increases. Loss of fluorine from attack at the vinylidene fluoride group by basic additives is likely taking place. Lower fluorine containing FKM with flexible side chains was less affected by the additive package and provided the lowest glass-transition temperature (Tg; approaching −30 °C). The volume swells (&lt;15%) are within the realm of an acceptable material to be in contact with jet fuels.
Whose Freedom? Whose Information?: Discourses on Freedom of Information Policies
Authors: Avle Seyram , Adunbi Omolade 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInformation policymaking in the contemporary global environment is complex and can be a difficult process. The difficulty lies, partly, in the divergent priorities of the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) and their transnational allies that often push specific laws in the global south. This article uses an analysis of the discourse around Freedom of Information (FOI) policies in Ghana and Nigeria to show how such divergent priorities emerge and their impact on the policymaking process. Specifically, it shows the limitations of key assumptions underlying advocacy for FOI and how the hegemony of the state is ultimately preserved.
Traversing the Gap between Religion and Animal Rights: Framing and Networks as a Conceptual Bridge
Authors: Austin Rachel L. , Flynn Clifton P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Historically, Judeo-Christian doctrine has been used to justify the mistreatment of nonhuman animals through the “dominion” view of human superiority. Linzey and others have questioned this perspective, suggesting that critical tenets of religion, and particularly Christianity, support the ethical treatment of other animals by defining dominion as stewardship. This article considers how framing and networks help explain the complex relationship between religion and support for animal rights. We offer ways in which social networks and framing might inform the beliefs and behaviors of religious individuals who support animal rights as well as the strategies of the animal rights movement intended to appeal to such individuals.
Health Span-Extending Activity of Human Amniotic Membrane- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells in F344 Rats
Authors: Kim Dajeong , Kyung Jangbeen , Park Dongsun , Choi Ehn-Kyoung , Kim Kwang Sei , Shin Kyungha , Lee Hangyoung , Shin Il Seob , Kang Sung Keun , Ra Jeong Chan , Kim Yun-Bae 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Aging brings about the progressive decline in cognitive function and physical activity, along with losses of stem cell population and function. Although transplantation of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells extended the health span and life span of progeria mice, such effects in normal animals were not confirmed. Human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMMSCs) or adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) (1 × 106 cells per rat) were intravenously transplanted to 10-month-old male F344 rats once a month throughout their lives. Transplantation of AMMSCs and ADMSCs improved cognitive and physical functions of naturally aging rats, extending life span by 23.4% and 31.3%, respectively. The stem cell therapy increased the concentration of acetylcholine and recovered neurotrophic factors in the brain and muscles, leading to restoration of microtubule-associated protein 2, cholinergic and dopaminergic nervous systems, microvessels, muscle mass, and antioxidative capacity. The results indicate that repeated transplantation of AMMSCs and ADMSCs elongate both health span and life span, which could be a starting point for antiaging or rejuvenation effects of allogeneic or autologous stem cells with minimum immune rejection.

Significance
This study demonstrates that repeated treatment with stem cells in normal animals has antiaging potential, extending health span and life span. Because antiaging and prolonged life span are issues currently of interest, these results are significant for readers and investigators.
Le libéralisme avant la liberté. Le républicanisme et la crise du Directoire chez Benjamin Constant
Authors: Simard Augustin 
Published: August 2015

S’inspirant du paradigme républicain, plusieurs travaux récents ont cherché à retracer la constitution d’un langage « républicain-libéral » pendant la période du Directoire. À partir des écrits révolutionnaires de Benjamin Constant, le présent article cherche à mettre en lumière deux limites de cette notion de « républicanisme libéral ». D’une part, une limite qui tient à la prédominance, dans la culture politique post-Terreur, du topos républicain de la corruption comme division du corps civil, et à la façon dont ce topos impose une représentation moniste et unanimiste de l’espace politique. D’autre part, une limite qui renvoie à la nature même des « langages » républicains et libéraux. Plutôt que de les considérer comme des « langages » de même nature, je défendrai l’idée que le républicanisme renvoie surtout à un lexique, alors que le libéralisme relève d’une rhétorique ou d’un certain style argumentatif. En considérant la façon dont Constant a cherché à justifier le coup d’État du 18 fructidor (4 septembre 1797), je voudrais établir que si son discours est littéralement républicain — en ce qu’il réitère la doxa républicaine officielle —, le style de l’argumentation et les voies qu’elle emprunte sont « paradoxaux » et obéissent à un dessein « libéral ».
Institutionnaliser le droit à l’insurrection. L’article 35 de la constitution montagnarde de 1793
Authors: Charbonneau François 
Published: August 2015

Ce texte porte sur une clause de la Constitution de l’an i qui fait de la résistance à l’oppression « le plus sacré des devoirs ». L’interprétation de l’inclusion de cette clause a le plus souvent fait l’unanimité parmi les rares commentateurs qui ont accordé plus de quelques lignes à en analyser les tenants et aboutissants. L’interprétation généralement admise suggère que Saint-Just aurait tout simplement voulu justifier rétroactivement les massacres de septembre 1792. Le texte qui suit suggère plutôt qu’il y a une cohérence interne à cette constitution qui explique pourquoi le droit de résistance à l’oppression doit logiquement en coiffer l’énoncé des droits. Comme bien des penseurs avant eux, Saint-Just et Hérault de Séchelles, les deux plumes de cette constitution qui ne sera finalement jamais mise en oeuvre, tentaient de résoudre un problème politique classique : celui du contrepoids au pouvoir de l’exécutif. Ils trouveront dans la vigilance du peuple le cerbère d’une constitution qui, bien qu’ils ne le sachent pas encore, disparaîtra bientôt avec eux.
Food Insecurity and Its Association With Central Obesity and Other Markers of Metabolic Syndrome Among Persons Aged 12 to 18 Years in the United States
Authors: Holben David H. , Taylor Christopher A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Context: Food insecurity is a preventable health threat and may precipitate central obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in the United States.

Objective: To examine (1) health by household food security status; and (2) differences and prevalence of central obesity among persons aged 12 to 18 years in the United States.

Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was administered to a cross-sectional sample of persons aged 12 to 18 years in 1999 to 2006. Controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and sex differences in mean obesity and chronic disease factors across levels of food insecurity (analysis of covariance [Bonferroni post hoc] and ORs [logistic regression analyses]) were examined, as were differences in the rates of risk factors (χ2 statistics).

Results: A total of 7435 participants were analyzed. Those from marginally food secure (n=751) and low–food secure (n=1206) (population size estimate, 26,714,182) households were significantly more likely than their high–food secure counterparts (n=4831) to be overweight (P=.036) (OR, 1.44), and those from marginally food secure households were 1.3-times more likely to be obese (P=.036). Nearly 25% of respondents from marginally food secure, low–food secure, and very low–food secure (n=647) households reported central obesity (P=.002), which was 1.4 to 1.5 times more likely than those from high–food secure households. Participants from high–food secure households had significantly higher mean high-density lipoprotein values (P=.019). Risk factors indicative of metabolic syndrome were present in 3.1%.

Conclusion: Household food insecurity was associated with an increased likelihood of being overweight and having central obesity. Limitations included the use of cross-sectional data and some self-reported data and the inability to control for all moderating variables in obesity and overall health status.