bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE NATIONAL HISPANIC SCHOLAR AWARDS PROGRAM
Authors: Clewell Beatriz Chu , Joy Myra Ficklen 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to
Describe the pool of National Hispanic Scholar Awards Program applicants in the program's initial year, 1983–84, and compare Hispanic Scholars (winners) with Hispanic Honorable Mentions (awardees) and Semifinalists who did not receive an award
Examine the characteristics of high‐achieving Hispanic students
Isolate the factors associated with success in college
To fulfill this purpose, we used data from the Student Descriptive Questionnaire (SDQ), which includes background information on all SAT‐takers, and administered a 12‐page survey to 1983–84 applicants to the program. This survey collected additional information on applicants' academic and educational background, English language use, and experiences during the freshman year in college.High‐achieving Hispanic students, as represented by applicants to the program, resemble the white cohort of college‐bound students more than they do the Hispanic cohort in terms of socioeconomic background. They received a good academic preparation in high school, had high school GPAs and SAT scores substantially above the mean for either white or Hispanic SAT‐takers, and were well integrated into their high schools. These students attended selective four‐year colleges, where they lived on campus. A large portion majored in physical science and related areas. During their freshman year, although they found college somewhat more difficult than expected, the students encountered few problems, performed well academically, and were active in extracurricular activities.As a means of isolating factors associated with success in college, three outcome measures were selected to examine freshman‐year performance: academic performance as indicated by first‐year grades; social integration into the college as measured by the number of extracurricular activities during the freshman year; and adjustment to college life as indicated by responses to a question on problems of adjustment. Among the variables we examined, the best predictors of freshman grades were found to be high school GPA and SAT scores. A major in physical science, mathematics, or engineering was predictive of lower grades. Living on campus, number of activities in high school, being male, and living at a distance from the family home were the best predictors of the number of activities in which a student participated in college. High levels of English proficiency and father's education predicted fewer problems in adjustment, while greater distance from home was predictive of more problems. Implications of the findings are discussed, along with recommendations for program modification and general suggestions for further research.
A COMPARISON OF THE STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS AMONG READING, LISTENING, WRITING, AND SPEAKING COMPONENTS OF THE AP FRENCH LANGUAGE EXAMINATION FOR AP CANDIDATES AND COLLEGE STUDENTS1,2
Authors: Morgan Rick , Mazzeo John 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTYearly the Advanced Placement Program administers an examination to high school students measuring French language skills that students might acquire after six semesters of college French Language courses. The dimensional structure of the 1987 AP French Language exam was tested in four populations using a series of confirmatory linear factor analysis models. In order to mitigate problems associated with the linear factor analysis of multiple‐choice items, the linear factor analysis of item parcel scores, made up of small mutually exclusive collections of items hypothesized to measure the same underlying dimension, was utilized. Six confirmatory factor analysis models were tested within each of five samples of data. Two samples contained high school AP candidates with no out‐of‐school French Language experience. A third sample contained AP candiates which had spent a significant amount of time in a French speaking counry. A fourth sample contained AP candidates who regularly spoke or heard French at home. The final sample contained students with no out‐of‐class French language experience enrolled in third year French classes at one of sixteen colleges. In all samples the exam appears to measure four major dimensions which are associated with the language skills of listening, reading, writing and speaking. For the student groups lacking out‐of‐school French language experience, the structure of the exam displays invariance of factor loadings and errors of measurement. Factor structures were most similar for groups with similar out‐of‐school French language experiences.
SEX GROUP MEMBERSHIP AS A FACTOR IN HANDICAPPED STUDENTS' GRE GENERAL TEST PERFORMANCE
Authors: Bennett Randy Elliot , Rock Donald A. , Jirele Thomas 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDifferences in the performance of handicapped and nonhandicapped students on the GRE General Test as a function of sex group composition were investigated. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted regressing General Test scores on sex and handicapped group membership, and adjustments to these scores were computed. The resulting adjustments had only minimal effects on handicapped/nonhandicapped mean score differences, suggesting that these disparities cannot be ascribed to differences in sex group distributions. Other plausible explanations for observed score disparities between handicapped and nonhandicapped groups are discussed.
ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING IN THE NAEP HISTORY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Zwick Rebecca , Ercikan Kadriye 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe Mantel‐Haenszel approach for investigating differential item functioning (DIF) was applied to U.S. history items that were administered as part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). On some items, Blacks, Hispanics, and females performed more poorly than other students, conditional on number‐right score. It was hypothesized that this resulted in part from the fact that ethnic and gender groups differed in their exposure to the material included in the assessment. Supplementary Mantel‐Haenszel analyses were undertaken in which the number of historical periods studied, as well as score, was used as a conditioning variable. Contrary to expectation, the additional conditioning did not lead to a reduction in the number of DIF items. Both methodological and substantive explanations for this unexpected result were explored.
CONCURRENT VALIDITY OF VERBAL ITEM TYPES FOR ETHNIC AND GENDER SUBGROUPS
Authors: Wild Cheryl L. , McPeek W. Miles , Koffler Stephen L. , Braun Henry I. , Cowell William 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe validity of the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) has been a high‐priority research topic. Research to date concerning the GRE verbal measure suggests that for the GRE, as for the Scholastic Aptitude Test, the reading comprehension and sentence completion item types appear to carry the weight of the predictive validity of the verbal measure. However, this finding may have been a result of differences in difficulty and discrimination (as suggested by Schrader [1984a]), rather than a result of inherent differences in the item types.The purpose of the present study was to examine the verbal item types for the GRE to explore possible reasons for any differences found in subgroup performance and validity. Statistical differences among item types in active forms of the GRE verbal measure were documented, experimental subtests of matching statistical characteristics for the item types were developed, and correlations of the matched and operational item type scores with self‐reported grade point averages were compared. Comparisons were made by gender and ethnic group within undergraduate major field categories.The results of this study suggest that all the verbal item types studied exhibit concurrent validity. Differences among the item types are small. All the item types are valid, and they are very highly correlated.Because of this overlapping variance, little concurrent validity is lost by deleting any one item type. Results suggest that, of the four item types, reading comprehension may, overall, be slightly more valid than the other item types. The analogy item type may contribute slightly less than the other item types to the concurrent validity of the verbal measure. However, these differences are small and do not suggest any specific revisions to the verbal measure of the GRE General Test.
ANALYSES OF THE PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THE SAT® AND HIGH SCHOOL GRADES FROM 1976 TO 1985
Authors: Morgan Rick 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTSince 1964, colleges have been sending data to the College Board Validity Study Service in order to determine the degree to which measures used in admissions predict college performance. These studies have allowed for the monitoring of general trends in the relationship of SAT scores and high school grades with freshman grades. Beginning in the early‐1970s and continuing to the mid‐1970s, the observed average correlations of SAT scores with freshman grades increased dramatically. In the decade that followed, the strength of this relationship gradually declined. In order to determine to what extent the observed variations in the average correlations might be associated with the composition of colleges conducting validity studies each year, validity data were analyzed for the enrolling classes of 1976 to 1985. Estimates of change, based on a repeated measures estimation approach utilizing data from colleges conducting more than one predictive validity study within the 10‐year period, and correcting for the restriction of range in SAT scores and high school record, indicated a general linear trend from 1976 to 1985. The correlations of SAT scores with first‐year college grades declined from about .51 to about .47, for a change of approximately .04, There was less change during this period for private colleges, small colleges, and more selective colleges.
TOWARD A DESCRIPTION OF SUCCESSFUL GRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Enright Mary K. , Gitomer Drew 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTAt present, the role of testing in education is being radically reevaluated. Advances in cognitive science suggest new approaches to assessment based on a better understanding of the nature of successful performance. Tests, that have been used primarily for prediction and selection are now viewed as having the potential to become more relevant to, and integrated with, the educational process. Such tests, however, require rethinking what should be measured and how it should be assessed.In this report, a broad understanding of the skills and characteristics associated with successful performance in graduate school was developed through discussions with two groups of distinguished graduate faculty members. The first group consisted of eminent psychologists with expertise in cognition and assessment. The second group was composed of distinguished faculty from other fields, including the humanities, social sciences, and physical sciences.These discussions had four major outcomes. The first was a characterization of the graduate education process as a form of apprenticeship that was suggestive of the kinds of skills and characteristics that contribute to success in many graduate programs. Based on this description, the second outcome was the identification of critical skills associated with scholarly and professional competence that are not currently measured by graduate admissions tests. A tentative list of seven competencies thought to be important for success in academic graduate programs and in subsequent professional roles was developed. The competencies include communication, creativity, explanation, motivation, planning, professionalism, and synthesis.The last two outcomes concerned how these competencies might be assessed. One was a recommendation that discipline‐specific simulation testing would be a useful tool that would permit the identification and concrete definition of skills associated with superior performance, contribute to the development of a theory of success in graduate school, and encourage the development of assessment techniques with well‐established construct validity and educational relevance. Finally, potential exercises that would provide opportunities for students to display these competencies were proposed.
PASSING THE NTE: A CLASSIFICATION OF STATE REQUIREMENTS AND PASSING RATES, BY ETHNICITY
Authors: DeMauro Gerald E. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIt is difficult to estimate the percentage of examinees who “pass” NTE tests because the many users of the tests not only require examinees to pass different combinations of tests, but also use different passing scores for each of the tests. Earlier studies (e.g., Goertz and Pitcher, 1985) computed passing rates for individual tests by applying specific passing scores to national distributions of examinees. However, none of these studies computed the percentage of examinees who passed all the NTE tests required for any state. This study first develops a taxonomy of state NTE requirements. The passing rates for each type of state requirement are then computed both for the examinee group that is impacted by the requirement and for each self‐identified ethnic group. For example, one type of requirement is found in states that require teacher certification candidates to pass all three Core Battery tests and the Specialty Area test most relevant to their area of interest. For this type of requirement, the percentage of examinees who pass each test is computed as well as the percentage of examinees who pass all of the required tests. These percentages are computed for all examinees who sent their scores to states of this type and separately for the self‐identified Black, Hispanic, “Other,” Unknown, and White examinees in this group. Results show considerable variation in passing rates depending on types of requirements and passing scores, and variation in ethnic differences in passing rates. The ratio of percentages of self‐identified Black examinees who pass each requirement to percentages of self‐identified White examinees who pass each requirement is related to both the passing scores used and the particular group of required tests. The study provides a methodology and data base for further research in this area, and raises important policy issues for consideration.
Alkaline peroxide electrosynthesis by oxygen reduction using an acid anolyte in a divided reactor with a three‐dimensional rotating cylinder cathode and two‐phase flow induced by centrifugal force
Authors: González Pérez Omar , Bisang José M 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis work analyses the performance of a batch electrochemical reactor with a three‐dimensional rotating cylinder cathode for the synthesis of alkaline peroxide by reduction of O2 under 0.1 MPa (abs). The centrifugal force produces a radial co‐current flow of the gas and liquid phases through the cathode achieving good mass‐transfer conditions for the O2 reduction.RESULTSGalvanostatic experiments carried out during 2 h at 2 A (macrokinetic current density 398 A m−2), 30°C and 1000 rpm with 1 mol L−1 H2SO4 as anolyte demonstrates that the cationic exchange membrane Nafion® 415 is an appropriate separator. However, a small decrease in the alkalinity of the cathodic compartment was observed. The use as anolyte of an equimolar solution of Na2SO4 and H2SO4 (1 mol L−1) maintains constant the total alkalinity of the cathodic solution. An experiment of 6 h yielded 10.3 g L−1 H2O2 concentration with 62.3% current efficiency and 10.6 kWh kg−1 specific energy consumption, using Na2SiO3 as addition agent.CONCLUSIONA divided electrochemical reactor using an acid anolyte and a three‐dimensional rotating cylinder cathode with co‐current oxygen and liquid flows represents a simple strategy for localized generation of peroxide solutions with low total alkalinity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Dual band inverted L‐shape monopole antenna for cellular phone applications
Authors: Sambhe Vijay K. , Awale R. N. , Wagh Abhay 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTTo mitigate the requirement of dual band cellular phone applications, inverted L‐shaped monopole antenna is proposed in this article. The proposed antenna have optimum dimensions 22 (L) × 76 (W) × 1.6 (h) mm3 and fabricated on easily available FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent is 0.02. The structure is feed to 50‐Ω microstrip line and terminated with SMA connector. The antenna covers 824–894 MHz (AMPS), 890–960 MHz (GSM) in lower frequency bands, and 2–2.5 GHz (Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX) in upper frequency bands. Measured VSWR is ≤2 for both dual band of frequencies. The antenna shows acceptable gain flatness from 1.5 to 3.59 dBi with good omnidirectional radiation pattern. In addition, an attempt is made to investigate the effect of L‐patch on the impedance bandwidth with extensive simulation and result are presented. The antenna offers high efficiency for both dual frequency bands and easy integration with the other microwave circuits. Its simplicity, gain flatness, and radiation patterns make it suitable for dual band cellular phone applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2751–2755, 2014
An analysis of electromagnetic interference on RF circuits based on electromagnetic topology
Authors: Kang Won‐June , Lee Kang‐In , Shin Jin‐Woo , So Joon‐Ho , Chung Young‐Seek 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a method of analysis of the intentional electromagnetic interference (IEMI) in radio frequency circuits that are directly exposed to an external electromagnetic wave, using electromagnetic topology (EMT). EMT solves IEMI problems, by a fast and efficient transformation of the main penetrating channels of the external electromagnetic wave in the target, into general equivalent transmission lines. To handle nonlinear devices, we combined EMT with the harmonic balance method, by applying the least square method to the experimental data of the devices. To verify the proposed method, we applied it to microstrip line circuits with passive loads, a dipole antenna, and a low noise amplifier, and compared the results with the experimental ones. The two results were in good agreement. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2784–2789, 2014
Design of a spectroscopic ellipsometer by synchronous rotation of the polarizer and analyzer in opposite directions
Authors: El‐Agez Taher M. , Taya Sofyan A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a spectroscopic ellipsometer is constructed in rotating polarizer and analyzer configuration. Instead of continuous rotation and integration for waveform analysis, a step and scan method was adopted for both the rotating polarizer and the rotating analyzer and Fourier analysis was used for the waveform analysis. In this system, the polarizer and the analyzer rotate in opposite directions with the same angular speed. The transmission axes of the two elements are rotated using microstepping motors. The accuracy of the constructed ellipsometer is tested using two ellipsometry standards with different thicknesses. Commercial software for thin film analysis (TFCompanion‐optical metrology software) obtained from Semiconsoft, Inc. is used to analyze the experimental results. The results reveal a high accuracy device for thin film characterization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2822–2826, 2014
Boresight gain enhancement of planar stair‐like UWB monopole antenna
Authors: Thajudeen Christopher , Zhang Wenji , Hoorfar Ahmad 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA novel configuration of a compact stair‐like ultrawideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna is presented for improved boresight gain performance and pattern stability. The geometry of the basic antenna has been modified to include a gate‐like ground plane structure which alleviates unwanted squinting effects in the gain pattern at higher frequencies. The boresight gain is then further enhanced through the addition of a stacked parasitic patch composed of a scaled copy of the basic stair‐like geometry. Prototypes of the proposed antenna geometries are fabricated and measured to validate the concept. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2809–2812, 2014
Novel quad‐band filter with high frequency ratio and controllable bandwidths using SLHSIRs and SLQSIRs
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐chong , Chu Qing‐Xin , Chen Fu‐Chang 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a quad‐band bandpass filter (QB‐BPF) using a set of stub‐loaded half‐wavelength step impedance resonators operated at the second and third passbands (2.4/3.5 GHz) and a set of stub‐loaded quarter‐wavelength step impedance resonators operated at the first and fourth passbands (1.3/5.8 GHz), and the frequency ratio is 4.46 times. Furthermore, all the frequencies and bandwidths can be adjusted. Finally, the proposed filter is designed and fabricated. The measured results are in good agreement with the full‐wave simulation results. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2845–2848, 2014
Miniaturized band stop filter using swirl‐type microstrip transmission line based on dual CRLH structure
Authors: Yang Doo‐Yeong , Seo Soo‐Duk , Kim Jeongpyo 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe swirl‐type unit cell with a dual composite right/left‐handed property on microstrip transmission line is proposed. The equivalent circuit of the proposed unit cell has been derived from the physical geometry of swirl‐type shape. The unit cell with a compact size has good characteristics and has been used in the miniaturized filter design. Therefore, the band stop filter has been designed by cascading several swirl‐type cells and implemented on microstrip transmission line. The simulated and the measured results show good agreements in interest band. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2867–2871, 2014
Interrogation and multiplexing system for fiber loop mirror coupled intensity sensors using OTDR
Authors: Giraldi Maria Thereza M. Rocco , Fernandes Cindy S. , Ferreira Marta S. , de Sousa Marco J. , Jorge Pedro , Costa João C. W. A. , Santos José L. , Frazão Orlando 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, it is proposed an interrogation and multiplexing system based on optical time domain reflectometer for fiber loop mirror coupled intensity sensors. Pulse width of approximately 100 ns enabled to attain a dynamic range of approximately 18 dB. Good linearity was achieved with a −13.3 dB/mm slope. The resolution of the sensing head was 0.027 mm. The proposed interrogation system showed to be an alternative technique for multiplexing and remote sensing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2860–2864, 2014
Microwave mixer using microstrip circular disk configuration
Authors: Kumar Arun , Ray Sudhabindu 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, design of a diode‐based mixer using microstrip circular disk resonator patch is described. A mixer working in down‐conversion mode having minimum conversion loss of 8.8 dB with +10 dBm local oscillator (LO) power and 3 dB radio frequency bandwidth of 100 MHz has been achieved at S‐band. The novelty of the mixer is that it has inherent LO to intermediate frequency (IF) isolation greater than 17 dB without using an IF low pass filter. A systematic design of the mixer is presented with its simulated and experimental results. The mixer design concept presented here can be applied to design mixers at other frequencies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2871–2874, 2014