bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an adjunct to prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based detection of prostate cancer in men without prior biopsies
Authors: Rais‐Bahrami Soroush , Siddiqui M. Minhaj , Vourganti Srinivas , Turkbey Baris , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. , Stamatakis Lambros , Truong Hong , Walton‐Diaz Annerleim , Hoang Anthony N. , Nix Jeffrey W. , Merino Maria J. , Wood Bradford J. , Simon Richard M. , Choyke Peter L. , Pinto Peter A. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the diagnostic yield of analysing biparametric (T2‐ and diffusion‐weighted) magnetic resonance imaging (B‐MRI) for prostate cancer detection compared with standard digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA)‐based screening.Patients and MethodsReview of patients who were enrolled in a trial to undergo multiparametric‐prostate (MP)‐MRI and MR/ultrasound fusion‐guided prostate biopsy at our institution identified 143 men who underwent MP‐MRI in addition to standard DRE and PSA‐based prostate cancer screening before any prostate biopsy. Patient demographics, DRE staging, PSA level, PSA density (PSAD), and B‐MRI findings were assessed for association with prostate cancer detection on biopsy.ResultsMen with detected prostate cancer tended to be older, with a higher PSA level, higher PSAD, and more screen‐positive lesions (SPL) on B‐MRI. B‐MRI performed well for the detection of prostate cancer with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.80 (compared with 0.66 and 0.74 for PSA level and PSAD, respectively). We derived combined PSA and MRI‐based formulas for detection of prostate cancer with optimised thresholds. (i) for PSA and B‐MRI: PSA level + 6 x (the number of SPL) > 14 and (ii) for PSAD and B‐MRI: 14 × (PSAD) + (the number of SPL) >4.25. AUC for equations 1 and 2 were 0.83 and 0.87 and overall accuracy of prostate cancer detection was 79% in both models.ConclusionsThe number of lesions positive on B‐MRI outperforms PSA alone in detection of prostate cancer. Furthermore, this imaging criteria coupled as an adjunct with PSA level and PSAD, provides even more accuracy in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer.
Canadian Visa Officers and the Social Construction of “Real” Spousal Relationships
Authors: Satzewich Vic 
Published: January 2014

Cet article examine l'existence d'un paradoxe de facilitation/contrôle dans le cadre des efforts gouvernementaux de contrôler la migration des époux. La littérature sur le jugement discrétionnaire et les fonctionnaires de proximité est utilisée pour analyser comment les agents canadiens des visas décident quelles relations de couples sont “vraies” ou “fausses”. Cet article démontre que les agents des visas utilisent plusieurs cadres de référence pour construire des modèles types de ce que sont les relations “normales” entre époux. Ces modèles types permettent aux agents des visas de construire des cas comme crédibles ou non crédibles, et ce processus établit les bases des décisions concernant l'exclusionetl'inclusion d'immigrants.This paper questions whether there is a facilitation/enforcement paradox associated with state efforts to control spousal migration. The literature on discretion and street‐level bureaucrats is used to analyze how Canadian visa officers make decisions about which spousal relationships are “real” and which are “fake.” The paper shows that visa officers use various cultural frameworks to construct typifications of “normal” relationships. These typifications allow visa officers to construct cases as credible or not credible, and constitute simultaneous bases for decisions about immigrant exclusionandinclusion.
Effectively Maintaining Inequality in Toronto: Predicting Student Destinations in Ontario Universities
Authors: Davies Scott , Maldonado Vicky , Zarifa David 
Published: January 2014

L'accès aux universités prestigieuses, les mieux classées et dotées de ressources, quoique peu étudié, représente une dimension additionnelle des inégalités en éducation au Canada. La théorie de l'inégalité maintenue efficacement (IME) soutient que les groupes favorisés vont dominer l'accès aux institutions les mieux classées peu importe le palier scolaire. Cet article teste cette hypothèse en utilisant les données uniques de milliers d’élèves du Conseil Scolaire Public de Toronto (TDSB) qui ont été suivis à partir de la neuvième année jusqu’à leur entrée dans un établissement postsecondaire. Ces données ont ensuite été associées aux données de classement des universités, de leur revenu, de leurs dépenses et de leurs fonds de dotation. Une série de modèles statistiques à niveaux multiples indique que l'entrée dans la hiérarchie universitaire ontarienne tend à refléter les inégalités dans l'accès général aux universités. Les femmes, les étudiants d'origine asiatique, et les étudiants issus des quartiers ayant des statuts socio‐économiques élevés sont plus susceptibles d'entrer dans les universités les mieux classées et dotées de ressources; tandis que les étudiants qui s'identifient comme Noirs et hommes, sont moins susceptibles d'entrer dans ces institutions. Les avantages du statut socio‐économique élevé et de l'origine asiatique sont seulement partiellement expliqués par les variables académiques comme variables médiatrices. Ceci suggère que le statut culturel joue un rôle dans l’élaboration du choix universitaire, alors que le sexe ainsi que les autres inégalités raciales sont dus en grande partie aux processus du parcours académique.Access to highly ranked, prestigious, and well‐resourced universities represents an additional yet understudied dimension of educational inequality in Canada. The theory of effectively maintained inequality contends that advantaged groups will dominate access to the best‐positioned institutions within any credential tier. This paper tests this hypothesis using unique data on thousands of Toronto District School Board students that were tracked from Grade 9 to their entry in Ontario postsecondary institutions, and then linked to data on university rankings, incomes, expenditures, and endowments. A series of multilevel models shows that entry into Ontario's university hierarchy tends to mirror inequalities in general access to universities. Female, Asian‐origin, and students from higher socioeconomic neighborhoods are more likely to enter higher ranked and better resourced institutions, while students who self‐identify as black and male are less likely to enter such institutions. High socioeconomic status and Asian‐origin advantages are mediated only partly by academic variables, suggesting that status cultures play a role in shaping their university choices, while gender and other racial inequalities emerge largely through academic processes.
“This Is Not Your Practice Life”: lululemon and the Neoliberal Governance of Self
Authors: Lavrence Christine , Lozanski Kristin 
Published: January 2014

Cet article s'intéresse à l’énorme réussite de lululemon athletica, et en particulier à la façon dont ses stratégies de marque s'approprient la pratique du yoga pour les intégrer à un modèle consumériste de discipline et de soin de soi. On arguera que la stratégie de marque de lululemon est liée à l'hyperindividualisme néolibéral ainsi qu'aux discours plus généraux de développement personnel qui définissent le bien‐être comme un accomplissement personnel et moral. Nous approfondissons la façon dont la stratégie de marque lululemon se reporte constamment à des concepts vagues, homogénéisateurs et extrême‐orientaux des spiritualités du Levant, qui instrumentalisent les pratiques yogiques et renforcent les idéologies occidentales en matière de santéisme, parallèlement à la performance personnelle, corporelle et commerciale. Nous arguons que lululemon intègre au consumérisme des discours de prise de pouvoir, illustrant la façon dont les discours de choix et de soin de soi renforcent le soi responsabilisé qui est au cœur même des sociétés néolibérales contemporaines.This paper examines the enormous success of lululemon athletica and specifically how its branding practices appropriate yogic practice into a consumerist model of discipline and self‐care. lululemon branding is linked with neoliberal hyperindividualism and broader self‐help discourses that define health and wellness as a personal and moral achievement. We explore how lululemon branding consistently refers to vague, homogenizing, and orientalist concepts of Eastern spiritualities that instrumentalize yogic practices, and reinforce Western ideologies of healthism along with personal, bodily, and market performance. We argue that lululemon folds empowerment into consumerism: discourses of choice and self‐care reinforce the responsibilized self that is the core of contemporary neoliberal societies.
CARD11 blockade suppresses murine collagen-induced arthritis via inhibiting CARD11/Bcl10 assembly and T helper type 17 response
Authors: Wang H , Zhao J , Zhang H , Huang Y , Wang S , Tu Q , Yang N 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe scaffold protein caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11) is implicated in the regulation of inflammation and autoimmunity. The present study aimed to explore the role of CARD11 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated with either CARD11-targeted interfering RNA (CARD11 siRNA) or control siRNA by intraperitoneal injection every 3 days after CIA establishment. The clinical score of arthritis was recorded every other day. Synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion were evaluated by histology and microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Serum anti-type II collagen (anti-CII) antibodies and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The CARD11/Bcl10 formation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation was assessed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting, and the percentage of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells was determined by flow cytometry. Systemic administration of CARD11 siRNA significantly reduced the clinical score of CIA severity. As indicated by the histology, joint inflammation and destruction were attenuated by CARD11 siRNA treatment. Micro-CT demonstrated less severe joint destruction in CARD11 siRNA-treated mice than in control mice. CARD11 siRNA treatment resulted in inhibition of CARD11/Bcl10 formation and the subsequent NF-κB activation. In addition, treatment with CARD11 siRNA resulted in a pronounced decrease in proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-17. Serum anti-CII antibody and the percentage of Th17 cells were also significantly reduced. CARD11 is involved in the pathogenesis of CIA by formation of the CARD11/Bcl10 complex and enhancement of the Th17 cell response. Targeting CARD11 provides a novel research direction in the development of therapeutic strategies for RA.
Impact of long‐acting octreotide in patients with early‐stage MEN1‐related duodeno‐pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Ramundo V. , Del Prete M. , Marotta V. , Marciello F. , Camera L. , Napolitano V. , De Luca L. , Circelli L. , Colantuoni V. , Di Sarno A. , Carratù A. C. , de Luca di Roseto C. , Colao A. , Faggiano A. ,   the Multidisciplinary Group for Neuroendocrine Tumors of Naples
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundSomatostatin analogues (SSA) represent one of the main therapeutic option in patients affected with functioning well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). There are no studies specifically focusing on NETs associated with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).AimTo evaluate the efficacy of the long‐acting SSA octreotide in MEN1 patients with early‐stage duodeno‐pancreatic NETs.Patients and MethodsForty patients with MEN1 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty patients with evidence of one or more MEN1‐related duodeno‐pancreatic NETs < 20 mm in size (age range 26–61 years) were treated with octreotide long‐acting octreotide (LAR) as first‐line therapy. Treatment duration ranged 12–75 months. At the baseline radiological evaluation, multiple duodeno‐pancreatic NETs (range 1–8, size 3–18 mm) were detected.ResultsAn objective tumour response was observed in 10%, stable disease in 80% and progression of disease in 10% of cases. In six patients with abnormally increased CgA, gastrin and/or insulin serum concentrations, a significant clinical and hormonal response occurred in 100% of cases and was stable along the time.ConclusionsTherapy with SSA is highly safe and effective in patients with early‐stage MEN1 duodeno‐pancreatic NETs, resulting in long‐time suppression of tumour and hormonal activity and 10% objective response. This suggests to early start therapy with SSA in patients with MEN1‐related NETs.
Associations between maternal level of education and occupational status with placental glucocorticoid regeneration and sensitivity
Authors: Räikkönen Katri , O'Reilly James R. , Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Kajantie Eero , Villa Pia , Laivuori Hannele , Hämäläinen Esa , Seckl Jonathan R. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectivesLow socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with increased disease risk in the involved and the next generation. The effects of low maternal SES on the offspring may be initiated prenatally. We hypothesized that fetoplacental glucocorticoid exposure might mediate the links. We examined associations between maternal level of education and occupational status (used as indices of SES) and placental expression of genes involved in glucocorticoid exposure and transfer between the mother and foetus.Design and patientsPlacental biopsies were obtained from 67 healthy women (age 32·2 ± 5·3 years) with singleton, term pregnancies without obstetric complications who participated in a prospective Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia (PREDO) study.MeasuresLevel of education was self‐reported, and occupational status was extracted from hospital records. Relative glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR; NR3C2) and 11‐beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1) and 2 (HSD11B2) mRNA levels were quantified by real‐time PCR.ResultsPlacental GR and HSD11B1 expression increased with decreasing maternal education (unadjusted P‐values for linear trend = 0·04 and 0·02 and adjusted P‐values = 0·06 and 0·09, respectively). Mothers with primary/secondary education had 52·9% (95% CI, 6·2–99·6, P = 0·03, adjusted P = 0·05) and 79·6% (95% CI, 6·5–153·6, P = 0·03, adjusted P = 0·09) higher GR and HSD11B1 mRNA levels compared with mothers with tertiary education. There were no other significant associations.ConclusionsLower maternal level of education is associated with increased placental GR and HSD11B1 gene expression. This combination may regenerate active glucocorticoids in placenta and increase placental sensitivity to glucocorticoids, potentially leading to greater placental and foetal glucocorticoid exposure.
The Exhibit as Planned Versus the Exhibit as Experienced
Authors: Beghetto Ronald A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIs it even possible to design museum exhibits that have an above average chance of engaging visitors in meaningful experiences? Museum‐based researchers and designers, working over the past several decades, have endeavored to address this and other questions. Recently, a promising Ideas‐People‐Objects (IPO) model of the visitor experience, subsequently elaborated on to include Physical (IPOP) has been used in the design and subsequent study of visitors' museum experiences. Here I briefly describe the model and introduce three papers featured in this issue of Curator: The Museum Journal that offer new insights and perspectives for understanding the theory behind the model, as well as features of the IPOP model that have been used in the design and interpretation of exhibitions, and a comparison of analytic techniques that produce results that can be used in IPOP‐related research.
Shaping a Richer Visitors' Experience: The IPO Interpretive Approach in a Canadian Museum
Authors: Léger Jean‐François 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article presents an interpretive planner's perspective on the relevance to his work of the Ideas/People/Objects (IPO) visitor experience typology formulated by Pekarik and Mogel (). The value of IPO in shaping the visitor experience for an exhibition on Haitian Vodou is illustrated in practice from the perspective of a number of interpretive and exhibition design tools, with a focus on how the theory was applied on the ground. The success of the model hinges on fusing what are traditionally perceived as distinct approaches to interpretation (intellectual, personal or aesthetic), thus enriching the visitor experience and increasing satisfaction. In conclusion, the success of the approach is evaluated in terms of visitor comments.
Chinese Family Groups' Museum Visit Motivations: A Comparative Study of Beijing and Vancouver
Authors: Ji Jiao , Anderson David , Wu Xinchun , Kang Changyun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis comparative study explored Chinese family groups' dominant visit motivations in science museums and aquariums in order to understand the perceptions of these audiences, who are an under‐represented cultural demographic in the literature. In this study, 503 Chinese participants—131 in the China Science and Technology Museum, Beijing; 127 in the Beijing Aquarium, Beijing; 136 in Science World British Columbia, Vancouver; and 109 in the Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver—completed a Family Group Visit Motivation Questionnaire. The results report four dominant visit motivations for these Chinese family groups. Significant differences in a fifth motivation, social interaction, were detected in comparing the Beijing and Vancouver Chinese family samples. Also, Chinese family groups were more likely to perceive science museums to be settings that can satisfy their educational and personal interest needs, compared to aquariums. This study provides insights for science museums and aquarium practitioners to better understand this audience demographic.
Nation and National Museums, a Contested Relationship: An Analysis of U.S. National Museums in the Twenty‐first Century
Authors: Drengwitz Beatrice , Elbers Benjamin , Jahn Lisa Debora , Wrogemann Irmela 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe motivation for this article arose from the wish to share our outside perspectives on how national museums in the U.S. mediate ideas of national identity. We are four students out of a larger group of 15 German students in Cultural Studies at Leuphana University of Lueneburg. We conducted empirical research on various national museums within the Smithsonian Institution and also on the soon‐to‐be‐opened National September 11 Memorial Museum in New York City. The objective of our research was to explore the role that American national museums play in a globalized world by investigating how such museums address changing national identities over time.
Double Jeopardy in the Echocardiography Laboratory: Coexistence of Two Distinct Cardiomyopathies?
Authors: Paterick Timothy E. , Tercius Alix J. , Agarwal Anushree , Treiber Shannon C. , Khandheria Bijoy K. , Tajik A. Jamil 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundIn our Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) Center, we identified 6 patients each with what appeared to be the occurrence of 2 rare diseases that prompted investigation for a common derivative.MethodsWe reviewed our database, searching for all patients with a diagnosis of HCM, amyloid heart disease and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC).ResultsUsing transthoracic echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging, we identified 6 patients with apical hypertrabeculations and myocardium suggestive of LVNC; 4 of the patients had HCM and 2 of the patients had cardiac amyloidosis.ConclusionsThe significance of these possible concomitant cardiomyopathies is not presently well understood. We did not identify a common derivative when looking for a genetic link, but it is most likely hidden in the genetic substrate, yet to be identified.
Tethering of Tricuspid Valve Resulting from Aberrant Tendinous Cords Mimic Ebstein's Anomaly, Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography Approach
Authors: Hadeed Khaled , Hascoet Sebastien , Dulac Yves , Peyre Marianne , Acar Philippe 
Published: January 2014

Mini‐AbstractWe report the case of a neonate presented with respiratory distress and severe cardiomegaly. Two‐dimensional echocardiography revealed tethering of tricuspid valve with severe regurgitation. We used real time three‐dimensional echocardiography to clarify the mechanism of this regurgitation.
Can timing of spawning explain the increase in egg size with female size in salmonid fish?
Authors: Louhi Pauliina , Robertsen Grethe , Fleming Ian A. , Einum Sigurd 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA common observation is that egg size increases with maternal size within populations. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Most recently, it was suggested that the optimal egg size depends on female size due to correlations between (i) breeding time and egg size selection and (ii) female size and breeding time, and as such, the positive egg size–maternal size relationship represents an adaptive strategy. Here, we test the second of these two premises in two salmonid species, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)for which we have detailed breeding and egg size data. The body size of spawning females decreased throughout the season in coho salmon, but not in Atlantic salmon. Furthermore, we did not find a direct correlation between egg size and breeding time, which would also be expected if this premise was correct. Accordingly, breeding date does not appear to be as important as other factors in shaping among female differences in egg size.
Transcranial direct current stimulation reduces the cost of performing a cognitive task on gait and postural control
Authors: Zhou Junhong , Hao Ying , Wang Ye , Jor'dan Azizah , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Zhang Jue , Fang Jing , Manor Brad 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis proof‐of‐concept, double‐blind study was designed to determine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the ‘cost’ of performing a secondary cognitive task on gait and postural control in healthy young adults. Twenty adults aged 22 ± 2 years completed two separate double‐blind visits in which gait and postural control were assessed immediately before and after a 20 min session of either real or sham tDCS (1.5 mA) targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Gait speed and stride duration variability, along with standing postural sway speed and area, were recorded under normal conditions and while simultaneously performing a serial‐subtraction cognitive task. The dual task cost was calculated as the percent change in each outcome from normal to dual task conditions. tDCS was well tolerated by all subjects. Stimulation did not alter gait or postural control under normal conditions. As compared with sham stimulation, real tDCS led to increased gait speed (P = 0.006), as well as decreased standing postural sway speed (P = 0.01) and area (P = 0.01), when performing the serial‐subtraction task. Real tDCS also diminished (P < 0.01) the dual task cost on each of these outcomes. No effects of tDCS were observed for stride duration variability. A single session of tDCS targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex improved the ability to adapt gait and postural control to a concurrent cognitive task and reduced the cost normally associated with such dual tasking. These results highlight the involvement of cortical brain networks in gait and postural control, and implicate the modulation of prefrontal cortical excitability as a potential therapeutic intervention.