bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The faciocervicopectoral flap for non-oncological cases of cheek reconstruction
Authors: Makkar RM 
Published: September 2013

Introduction Major facial defect has been a challenging case for plastic surgeons in terms of wound healing and covering technique for a long time. Methods Eight faciocervicopectoral (FCP) flaps were performed for reconstruction of major cheek defects due to handmade explosive and gun injuries. They were evaluated perioperatively and postoperatively with regard to operative time and operative blood loss as well as the function and cosmetic appearance. Results The technique showed marvellous cosmetic results but encountered minor postoperative flap complications. Conclusions The FCP flap is one of the best solutions for coverage of a simple or complex cheek defect. Application of the FCP flap is easy and rapid.
Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α, β/δ and γ triad in regulation of reactive oxygen species signaling in brain
Authors: Aleshin Stepan , Reiser Georg 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Overwhelming evidence shows that oxidative stress is a major cause in development of brain disorders. Low activity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-degrading system as well as high levels of oxidative damage markers have been observed in brain tissue of patients with neurodegenerative and other brain diseases to a larger extent than in healthy individuals. Many studies aimed to develop effective and safe antioxidant strategies for the therapy or prevention of brain diseases. Nevertheless, it became clear that rigorous suppression of ROS is deleterious for normal cell functioning. Thus, approaches that can regulate the ROS levels over a wide range, from inhibition to induction, will be a powerful tool for neuroprotection. A most prominent target for such ROS management is the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). All three members (PPAR-α, -β/δ and -γ) of this nuclear receptor subfamily form a tightly connected triad. For individual PPAR isoforms, neuroprotective properties have been well proven. Their involvement in regulation of ROS production and degradation underlies the therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, the current paradigms of the involvement of PPAR in neuroprotective therapy ignore such interconnections of PPARs and aim at antioxidant effects of individual PPAR isoforms, but do not take into account the necessity of careful regulation of ROS levels. The present review (i) summarizes the data, which support the concept of the PPAR triad in brain, (ii) demonstrates that usage of the PPAR triad allows the regulation of PPAR-dependent genes over a wide range, from inhibition to upregulation, and (iii) summarizes the known data concerning the PPAR triad involvement in regulation of ROS. Our report opens new directions in the field of PPAR/ROS-related neuroscience research.
Complementary-therapeutic stimulation of deficient autorhythmic arteriolar vasomotion by means of a biorhythmically physical stimulus on the microcirculation and the immune system in 50-year-old rehabilitation patients
Authors: Klopp Rainer Christian , Niemer Wolfgang , Schulz Jörg 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
As part of a placebo-controlled study series, a random sample of 50-year-old rehabilitation patients was examined to determine whether the complementary use of a physical treatment method to stimulate arteriolar vasomotion would improve the therapeutic success of established measures for the purposes of physical conditioning. The result showed that both the microcirculatory blood-flow regulation and the (cellular) immune response could be affected in a therapy-relevant manner through additional physical vasomotion stimulation.
Effects of various physical treatment methods on arteriolar vasomotion and microhemodynamic functional characteristics in case of deficient regulation of organ blood flow. Results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study
Authors: Klopp Rainer Christian , Niemer Wolfgang , Schmidt Wolfgang 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
As part of a placebo-controlled study, high-resolution measurement methods were used to examine, on the basis of representative functional characteristics of microcirculation, whether and to what extent six different, commercially available, physical treatment devices were suitable for influencing, through complementary therapy, deficient blood-flow regulation. Of the six commercially available devices tested, two proved to be ineffective and three not effective enough to be therapeutically relevant. Only in one device was it possible to show a complementary-therapeutic effect: the device uses a specific, biorhythmically defined stimulus for vasomotion.
Contact of a viscoelastic body with a rough rigid surface and identification of friction coefficients
Authors: Le Vy Khoi , Ang Dang Dinh 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- The paper is concerned with the contact problem of a viscoelastic body with a rough rigid surface and the identification problem for the friction coefficient in the contact. Using a variational method, the authors give regularized solutions to the recovery problem, formulated as a minimization problem. A smoothness result for the fit-to-data functional is proved.
Parabolic integrodifferential identification problems related to radial memory kernels. I
Authors: Favaron A. , Lorenzi A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We are concerned with the problem of recovering the radial kernel k, depending also on time, in the parabolic integro-differential equation

, A being a uniformly elliptic second-order linear operator in divergence form. We single out a special class of operators A and two pieces of suitable additional information for which the problem of identifying k can be uniquely solved locally in time when the domain under consideration is a spherical corona or an annulus.
On relations between spectral and dynamical inverse data
Authors: Belishev M. I. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- As is known, boundary spectral data of the compact Riemannian manifold Ω (spectrum of Laplacian with zero Dirichlet boundary condition plus traces of normal derivatives of eigenfunctions at ∂Ω) determine its boundary dynamical data (dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map) R2T for all T > 0. In the paper the procedures recovering spectral data of the submanifold ΩT = {x ∈ Ω | dist(x, ∂Ω) < T} via given R2T with any prescribed T > 0 and continuing R2T from ∂Ω × (0, 2T) onto ∂Ω×(0,∞) are proposed. The procedures do not invoke solving the inverse problems; main fragment is the constructing (via R2T ) and the use of a model of dynamical system associated with ΩT.
Numerical comparison of iterative regularization methods for a parameter estimation problem in a hyperbolic PDE
Authors: Kabanikhin S. I. , Kowar R. , Scherzer O. , Vasin V. V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In this paper we numerically compare several recently investigated iterative regularization schemes for the solution of a parameter estimation problem in a hyperbolic partial differential equation. Moreover, we introduce a framework of monotone iterative regularization techniques for general ill-posed problems. This concept relies on monotone fixed point iteration schemes.
Stability estimates for an inverse elliptic problem
Authors: Choulli M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We prove stability estimates for an inverse elliptic problem consisting in the determination of an unknown boundary coefficient from an overdetermined data. We consider both the case of all boundary measurements and the case of single boundary measurement. After studying the problem in its generality we treat the special case in which the unknown boundary coefficient is supported in an hyperplane. We find in this latest case that the stability estimates are, in some sense, better than those in the general case.
Spectral properties and an inverse eigenvalue problem for non-symmetric systems of ordinary differential operators
Authors: Trooshin I. , Yamamoto M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We consider a nonsymmetric first-order differential operator

, where P is a 2×2 matrix whose components are in L2
(0, 1). We study an eigenvalue problem for A with boundary conditions at x = 0, 1. We establish an asymptotic form of the eigenvalues and prove that the set of the root vectors forms a Riesz basis in {L2
(0, 1)}2
. Moreover we show some characterization of L2
-coefficients in an inverse eigenvalue problem. The key is a transformation formula.
Where does language come from? Some reflections on the role of deictic gesture and demonstratives in the evolution of language
Authors: Diessel Holger 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper considers Arbib's hypothesis that (oral) language has its roots in gesture in light of recent research on demonstratives, joint attention, and deictic pointing (Michael Arbib. 2012. How the brain got language: The Mirror System Hypothesis. Oxford: Oxford University Press). It is argued that demonstratives provide an important link between gesture, discourse, and grammar that rests on their communicative function to coordinate the interlocutors' focus of attention. Combining evidence from linguistic typology and historical linguistics with evidence from research on social cognition, the paper argues that demonstratives constitute a universal class of linguistic expressions that are commonly used in combination with a deictic pointing gesture to establish joint attention, a cognitive phenomenon that is closely related to Arbib's notion of “complex imitation”. No other class of linguistic expressions is so closely tied to the speaker's body and gesture than demonstratives. However, demonstratives are not only used to focus the language users' attention on concrete entities in the surrounding situation, they are also used to organize the information flow in discourse, which in turn underlies their frequent development into a wide range of grammatical markers, e.g. definite articles, third person pronouns, relative markers, complementizers, subordinate conjunctions, copulas, and focus markers. In this way, demonstratives provide an explicit link between gesture, imitation, and grammar that is consistent with Arbib's theory of the evolution of language.
Integrating African Markets into the Global Exchange of Services: A Central African Perspective
Authors: Simo Regis Y. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractServices liberalisation has gradually become very important for growth in developed and less-developed countries alike and can, as such, be seen as development prospects for sub-Saharan Africa where numerous economic integration attempts are stories of repeated failures. Despite the abundant literature on PTAs, however, little attention has been given to Central Africa Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) as a trade bloc. This is an attempt to address that dearth.At a time when “boosting intra-African trade” is gaining currency on the continent, this article tests the compatibility of the potential CEMAC economic integration agreement (EIA) against the background of the existing framework and argues that Central Africa countries would be in a better position to integrate their economies after widening the borders of their individually tiny markets. Analysing the legal discipline behind services Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) and how CEMAC’s agreement fits into this legal landscape, this article further advocates that this sub-group of countries should go beyond the Enabling Clause self-contentment and embark on a deeper (and comprehensive) integration.
Degradation of epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/ soya powder blends: the effect of natural weathering
Authors: Sam S.T. , Ismail H. , Khalil H.P.S. Abdul 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the present study, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya powder blends were compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) and exposed to natural weathering. The exposure period for the blends was 1 year. It was found that the degradability of the compatibilized blends was higher than that of uncompatibilized blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, the tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to analyze the degradability of the blends. IR spectra showed that the carbonyl index (CI) of the blends increased as a function of exposure period and soya powder content. The compatibilized blends gave higher carbonyl indices. The retention tensile strength and elongation at break (Eb) of the compatibilized blends after weathering was generally lower than for the uncompatibilized blends. The increase of crystallinity also indicated a reduction of the amorphous portion after degradation. The higher crystallinity in compatibilized blends further confirms the higher degradability of ENR 50 compatibilized blends. The weight loss and molecular weight change indicated that the incorporation of ENR 50 into LLDPE/soya powder blends can enhance the degradability of the blends upon outdoor exposure.
Structural aspects of [NiFe]-hydrogenases
Authors: Shomura Yasuhito , Higuchi Yoshiki 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEnzymes that naturally contain an organometallic complex are highly rare. Hydrogenases commonly include iron carbonyl(s) at the active site and play central roles in the hydrogen metabolism of microorganisms. [NiFe]-hydrogenases that harbor an Ni-Fe(CN)2CO complex at the active site most widely exist among organisms, compared with the other two types, [FeFe]- and [Fe]-hydrogenases. Since the first crystal structure report in 1995, structural information of the Ni-Fe cluster with various redox/substrate-bound states has been obtained, although details of the reaction mechanisms are poorly understood. While the subunit composition, physiological function, and spectroscopic/biochemical properties of [NiFe]-hydrogenases are diverse, structural information of only a limited group of the enzymes is available so far. In this paper, structural aspects of [NiFe]-hydrogenases are reviewed and recent progresses in understanding the mechanism of an O2-tolerant property of limited members and active site assembling of [NiFe]-hydrogenases are described.
Genomic Prediction in Maize Breeding Populations with Genotyping-by-Sequencing
Authors: Crossa José , Beyene Yoseph , Kassa Semagn , Pérez Paulino , Hickey John M , Chen Charles , de los Campos Gustavo , Burgueño Juan , Windhausen Vanessa S , Buckler Ed , Jannink Jean-Luc , Lopez Cruz Marco A , Babu Raman 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technologies have proven capacity for delivering large numbers of marker genotypes with potentially less ascertainment bias than standard single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Therefore, GBS has become an attractive alternative technology for genomic selection. However, the use of GBS data poses important challenges, and the accuracy of genomic prediction using GBS is currently undergoing investigation in several crops, including maize, wheat, and cassava. The main objective of this study was to evaluate various methods for incorporating GBS information and compare them with pedigree models for predicting genetic values of lines from two maize populations evaluated for different traits measured in different environments (experiments 1 and 2). Given that GBS data come with a large percentage of uncalled genotypes, we evaluated methods using nonimputed, imputed, and GBS-inferred haplotypes of different lengths (short or long). GBS and pedigree data were incorporated into statistical models using either the genomic best linear unbiased predictors (GBLUP) or the reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS) regressions, and prediction accuracy was quantified using cross-validation methods. The following results were found: relative to pedigree or marker-only models, there were consistent gains in prediction accuracy by combining pedigree and GBS data; there was increased predictive ability when using imputed or nonimputed GBS data over inferred haplotype in experiment 1, or nonimputed GBS and information-based imputed short and long haplotypes, as compared to the other methods in experiment 2; the level of prediction accuracy achieved using GBS data in experiment 2 is comparable to those reported by previous authors who analyzed this data set using SNP arrays; and GBLUP and RKHS models with pedigree with nonimputed and imputed GBS data provided the best prediction correlations for the three traits in experiment 1, whereas for experiment 2 RKHS provided slightly better prediction than GBLUP for drought-stressed environments, and both models provided similar predictions in well-watered environments.
Various parameterizations of “latitude” equation – Cartesian to geodetic coordinates transformation
Authors: Ligas M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract The paper presents a solution to one of the basic problems of computational geodesy - conversion between Cartesian and geodetic coordinates on a biaxial ellipsoid. The solution is based on what is known in the literature as “latitude equation”. The equation is presented in three different parameterizations commonly used in geodesy - geodetic, parametric (reduced) and geocentric latitudes. Although the resulting equations may be derived in many ways, here, we present a very elegant one based on vectors orthogonality. As the “original latitude equations” are trigonometric ones, their representation has been changed into an irrational form after Fukushima (1999, 2006). Furthermore, in order to avoid division operations we have followed Fukushima’s strategy again and rewritten the equations in a fractional form (a pair of iterative formulas). The resulting formulas involving parametric latitude are essentially the same as those introduced by Fukushima (2006) (considered the most efficient today). All the resulting variants are solved with Newton’s second-order and Halley’s third-order formulas. It turns out that all parameterizations of the “latitude equation” show a comparable level of performance.
Nothing but Trouble: Studies on the Effects of Reforms in Elderly Care in Sweden and Poland
Authors: Sobis Iwona 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Reforms of the public sector, conducted in the spirit of NPM since the 1990s, are frequently studied by Western and Eastern scholars. The research shows national variations in how the NPM idea was translated and adapted into a country’s context and regulations. Care for the elderly is an interesting example of reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM, because it relates to welfare and health care and to the competences of provincial and local authorities in most European countries.
This paper addresses the following questions: What do we know about the reforms conducted in the spirit of NPM and its practical implication within the field of care for the elderly during 1990 - 2010? What kind of knowledge about care for the elderly is still missing and should be developed in the future ? Th is paper conducts comparative research on what is known about the effects of the Swedish and the Polish reforms regarding care for the elderly. It argues that most literature points to negative effects, but also to the fact that there are still gaps in our knowledge about the effects of reforms concerning elderly care, especially regarding its organization. Hence, despite all the research done, we do not know what kind of social and health-care services for seniors represent the best practices for the future.
Efficient simulation of unidirectional pulse propagation in high-contrast nonlinear nanowaveguides
Authors: Andreasen Jonathan , Kolesik Miroslav 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis work demonstrates an improved method to simulate long-distance femtosecond pulse propagation in highcontrast nanowaveguides. Different from typical beam propagation methods, the foundational tool here is capable of simulating strong spatiotemporal waveform reshaping and extreme spectral dynamics. Meanwhile, the ability to fully capture effects due to index contrast in the transverse direction is retained, without requiring a decomposition of the electric field in terms of waveguide modes. These simulations can be computationally expensive, however, so cost is reduced in the improved method by considering only the waveguide core. Fields in the cladding are then properly accounted for through a boundary condition suitable for the case of total internal reflection.
DIMwid – Decoder Inspection for Moses (using Widgets)
Authors: Kurtz Robin , Seemann Nina , Braune Fabienne , Maletti Andreas 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The development of accurate machine translation systems requires detailed analyses of the recurring translation mistakes. However, the manual inspection of the decoder log files is a daunting task because of their sheer size and their uncomfortable format, in which the relevant data is widely spread. For all major platforms, DIMwid offers a graphical user interface that allows the quick inspection of the decoder stacks or chart cells for a given span in a uniform way. Currently, DIMwid can process the decoder log files of the phrase-based stack decoder and the syntax-based chart decoder inside the Moses framework.
morphogen: Translation into Morphologically Rich Languages with Synthetic Phrases
Authors: Schlinger Eva , Chahuneau Victor , Dyer Chris 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We present morphogen, a tool for improving translation into morphologically rich languages with synthetic phrases. We approach the problem of translating into morphologically rich languages in two phases. First, an inflection model is learned to predict target word inflections from source side context. Then this model is used to create additional sentence specific translation phrases. These “synthetic phrases” augment the standard translation grammars and decoding proceeds normally with a standard translation model. We present an open source Python implementation of our method, as well as a method of obtaining an unsupervised morphological analysis of the target language when no supervised analyzer is available.
Modelling factors that affect the presence of larval mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in stormwater drainage systems to improve the efficacy of control programmes
Authors: Jackson Michael J. , Gow Jennifer L. , Evelyn Michelle J. , McMahon T.J. Scott , Campbell Harlan , Sheppard Jennifer , Howay Tim J. , Fladmark Disa , Thielman Aynsley 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStormwater catch basins form part of artificial drainage systems in urban areas and can provide larval habitat for mosquito vector species of West Nile virus (WNv), such asCulex pipiensLinnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae). We evaluated the impact of management techniques and targeted applications of larvicide on larval populations of this potential WNv mosquito vector species in catch basins from the Lower Mainland of Vancouver and on Vancouver Island of British Columbia, Canada. A mixed effects logistic regression model described the relationship between larval presence and larvicide treatment while controlling for other parameters. Parameter estimates showed that larvicide treatment reduced the odds of larvae presence by a factor of ∼7.23. The model also revealed relationships between larval presence and water temperature and adjacent land use but larvicide treatment consistently reduced the presence of larvae regardless of these other factors. This knowledge can now be used to prioritise and target control efforts to most efficiently reduce WNv mosquito vector populations, and most effectively reduce the risk of WNv transmission to humans. A similar research strategy could be applied to emerging threats from other potential mosquito vectors of disease around the world, to help lower the incidence of mosquito-borne disease.