bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a high‐throughput cone‐and‐plate apparatus for the application of defined spatiotemporal flow to cultured cells
Authors: Spruell Christopher , Baker Aaron B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe shear stresses derived from blood flow regulate many aspects of vascular and immunobiology. In vitro studies on the shear stress‐mediated mechanobiology of endothelial cells have been carried out using systems analogous to the cone‐and‐plate viscometer in which a rotating, low‐angle cone applies fluid shear stress to cells grown on an underlying, flat culture surface. We recently developed a device that could perform high‐throughput studies on shear‐mediated mechanobiology through the rotation of cone‐tipped shafts in a standard 96‐well culture plate. Here, we present a model of the three‐dimensional flow within the culture wells with a rotating, cone‐tipped shaft. Using this model we examined the effects of modifying the design parameters of the system to allow the device to create a variety of flow profiles. We first examined the case of steady‐state flow with the shaft rotating at constant angular velocity. By varying the angular velocity and distance of the cone from the underlying plate we were able to create flow profiles with controlled shear stress gradients in the radial direction within the plate. These findings indicate that both linear and non‐linear spatial distributions in shear stress can be created across the bottom of the culture plate. In the transition and “parallel shaft” regions of the system, the angular velocities needed to provide high levels of physiological shear stress (5 Pa) created intermediate Reynolds number Taylor‐Couette flow. In some cases, this led to the development of a flow regime in which stable helical vortices were created within the well. We also examined the system under oscillatory and pulsatile motion of the shaft and demonstrated minimal time lag between the rotation of the cone and the shear stress on the cell culture surface. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1782–1793. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pressure assisted stabilization of biocatalysts at elevated temperatures: Characterization by dynamic light scattering
Authors: Kirsch Christian , Dahms Jessica , Kostko Andrei F. , McHugh Mark A. , Smirnova Irina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of pressure, at elevated temperatures, is reported on the activity and stability of a thermophilic endo‐β‐glucanase from the filamentous fungus Talaromyces emersonii. The production of reduced sugars after treatment at different temperatures and pressures is used as a measure of the activity and stability of the enzyme. The activity of the enzyme is maintained to higher temperatures with increasing pressure. For example, the relative activity of endo‐β‐glucanase decreases to 30% after 4 h at 75°C and 1 bar, whereas it is preserved at 100% after 6 h at 75°C and 230 bar. High‐pressure dynamic light scattering is used to characterize the hydrodynamic radius of the enzyme as a function of pressure, temperature, and time. At higher temperature the hydrodynamic radius increases with time, whereas increasing pressure suppresses this effect. Changes in the hydrodynamic radius are correlated with the activity measurements obtained at elevated pressures, since the changes in the hydrodynamic radius indicate structural changes of the enzyme, which cause the deactivation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1674–1680. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cyberbullying among Adolescent Bystanders: Role of the Communication Medium, Form of Violence, and Empathy
Authors: Barlińska Julia , Szuster Anna , Winiewski Mikołaj 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to understand how adolescents respond as bystanders of cyberbullying and to seek factors that might influence their actions. The study explored the effects of type of contact (online vs. face to face), form of violence (private vs. public), and empathy activation (affective and cognitive) on negative bystander behaviour understood as active participation in victimisation. The influence of experience of cyberbullying as perpetrator and as victim and gender on negative bystander behaviour was also controlled. Three experimental studies were conducted. The results indicate that online contact increases the likelihood of negative bystander behaviour. Private violence was less likely to elicit negative bystander action than was public violence. Previous experience of cyberperpetration was proved to increase the probability of negative bystander behaviour. Neither gender nor cybervictimisation affected the engagement in negative bystander behaviour in any of the studies. The inhibitory effect of empathy activation (both affective and cognitive) on negative bystander behaviour was demonstrated. Both types of cognitive empathy induction, emotion and behaviour focused, diminish the likelihood of negative bystander behaviour. The conclusions of the research are that negative bystander behaviour occurs more often in cyberspace than offline and that forms of intervention involving both affective and cognitive empathy may limit the negative bystander behaviour that supports cyberbullying. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐transcendence and Self‐oriented Perspective as Mediators between Video game Playing and Aggressive Behaviour in Teenagers
Authors: Espinosa Pablo , Clemente Miguel 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the mediating effect of self‐transcendence and a self‐oriented perspective on the relationship between general video game playing and aggressive antisocial behaviour in a sample of 659 Spanish teenagers of both sexes aged 12 to 18 years (mean age = 15.31 years). Results show that there is a direct effect of the amount of video game playing on aggression, even when violent content is controlled for. Self‐transcendence and a self‐oriented perspective mediate this effect on aggression. These findings are in agreement with the hypothesis that the effects of media on behaviour are related to the socialisation pattern and role‐taking opportunities they offer, and not only due to the mere exposure to violent media. Consistent with the time displacement hypothesis, an interpretation of our results may be that the relationship between video game playing and antisocial behaviour comes from a deficit of social interaction and role‐taking opportunities. Not being able to adopt the perspective of others may result in a limited ability to predict the consequences of behaviour and understand the needs, desires, and intentions of others. This social perspective deficit may increase the chances of behaving antisocially through different processes. For instance, an individual may use aggressive behavioural patterns in the absence of a more elaborate behavioural repertoire, or the failure in predicting the effects of an aggressive behaviour may reduce the perception of its consequences. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyberbullying Research: New Perspectives and Alternative Methodologies. Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Dehue Francine 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this introduction, the definition of cyberbullying will be discussed, instruments to measure cyberbullying will be described, and the state of the art of research on cyberbullying will presented. To date, most studies of cyberbullying investigate demographic factors such as the prevalence of bullying and being victimized, gender, age, and negative outcomes. Some studies investigate responses to cyberbullying, but most of them are limited to technological solutions and informing adults. Hardly any attention is paid to the underlying social psychological mechanisms in relation to antisocial behaviour in online communities and to the role of peer groups. Moreover, most studies are cross‐sectional self‐reports. The present special issue aims to fill these gaps by presenting studies which are focused on alternative topics using alternative methodologies. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coping with Cyberbullying: Differences Between Victims, Bully‐victims and Children not Involved in Bullying
Authors: Völlink Trijntje , Bolman Catherine A.W. , Dehue Francine , Jacobs Niels C.L. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the relationship between the use of coping strategies to deal with daily stressors in general (n = 325) and the use of coping strategies to deal with cyberbullying in particular (n = 88) among children aged 11 and 12 years. Additionally, it investigated the impact of coping strategies on depression and health in victims of cyberbullying (n = 88). The results showed that victims differed significantly from bully‐victims (i.e. victims that also bully) and from children not involved in cyberbullying, in that they use certain emotion‐focused coping strategies for daily stressors in general more than others. Additionally, this study investigated among victims of cyberbullying the relation between coping strategies in daily life, cyberspecific coping, depressive feelings and health complaints. Coping through emotional expression, avoidance and depressive coping in daily life will lead to more cyberspecific depressive coping when confronted with cyberbullying. This in turn will lead to more depressive feelings and/or health complaints for victims of cyberbullying. These results stress the importance of teaching children how to stand up for themselves and employ effective coping strategies to deal with stress in daily life in general and to deal with cyberbullying in particular. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of the O‐Glycosylated Conopeptide CcTx from Conus consors Venom
Authors: Hocking Henry G. , Gerwig Gerrit J. , Dutertre Sébastien , Violette Aude , Favreau Philipe , Stöcklin Reto , Kamerling Johannis P. , Boelens Rolf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe glycopeptide CcTx, isolated from the venom of the piscivorous cone snail Conus consors, belongs to the κA‐family of conopeptides. These toxins elicit excitotoxic responses in the prey by acting on voltage‐gated sodium channels. The structure of CcTx, a first in the κA‐family, has been determined by high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy together with the analysis of its O‐glycan at Ser7. A new type of glycopeptide O‐glycan core structure, here registered as core type 9, containing two terminal L‐galactose units {α‐L‐Galp‐(1→4)‐α‐D‐GlcpNAc‐(1→6)‐[α‐L‐Galp‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐Galp‐(1→3)‐]α‐D‐GalpNAc‐(1→O)}, is highlighted. A sequence comparison to other putative members of the κA‐family suggests that O‐linked glycosylation might be more common than previously thought. This observation alone underlines the requirement for more careful and in‐depth investigations into this type of post‐translational modification in conotoxins.
Mixed Linker Strategies for Organic Framework Functionalization
Authors: Bunck David N. , Dichtel William R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFramework materials have attracted intense interest for gas storage, separations, catalysis, and other applications as a consequence of their periodicity, high specific surface area, and rational synthesis. Cocrystallizing multiple monomers with identical linking chemistry represents an emerging route to access materials with increased complexity and advanced functions. This Concept Article highlights three strategies for framework synthesis that employ mixtures of monomers with 1) identical linking geometries, 2) different linking geometries, or 3) in which one monomer is truncated with respect to the other. These approaches offer a diverse toolbox to modify framework topology, incorporate active functionality, and rationally control crystallite size and morphology.
A Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization for the Preparation of Aryl‐Fused Six‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles with 2‐Acetoxy Functionality
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Wu Zhengxing , Zhu Xiaowen , Ye Chenghao , Jiang Feng , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of olefinic tosylamides was developed for the preparation of aryl‐fused and N‐containing six‐membered heterocycles. Under optimized conditions the reaction proceeded with high activity and selectivity, with yields of up to 83% being obtained. This procedure provides a facile and efficient route to the aforementioned heterocycles with 2‐acetoxy functionality.
Expedient Synthesis of (R)‐Curcuphenol: A Chiral Pool Strategy
Authors: Feng Jing , Zhu Guili , Liu Bo , Zhou Xiangdong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCurcuphenol is an interesting sesquiterpenoid with diverse bioactivities. Exploration of a concise and scalable synthetic route is still of significance in spite that many asymmetric total syntheses have been achieved. We report an expedient asymmetric synthesis of (R)‐curcuphenol from citronellal, which features only two purification operations in the overall six‐step synthesis.
A Study of Nano Materials and Their Reactions in Liquid Using in situ Wet Cell TEM Technology
Authors: Chen Xin , Zhou Lihui , Wang Ping , Zhao Chongjun , Miao Xiaoli 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSeveral nano material and reaction systems were in situ monitored with an electrochemical TEM wet cell set up. In a 1 g/L sliver particle aqueous solution, the particles were observed to be ca. 10 nm sized, in both discrete particle and nano cluster forms. The silver particles were attached to the 50 nm‐thick Si3N4 windows of the wet cell and could not move freely in the liquid. With a SiCl4 liquid loaded in the wet cell, silicon nano materials were controllably grown on the wet cell windows by means of a liquid phase electron beam induced deposition (EBID) method. The deposited nano dots were nicely round‐shaped, and demonstrated a power law growth dependency on beam exposure time in a log‐log plot. In a NiCl2 solution/Ni system, both electrochemical deposition and dissolution of the nickel nano films were observed while applying electric biases on to the nickel electrodes in the wet cell. Instead of extensional growth on existing crystals, interestingly, it is more commonly observed that new nickel nano particles grow out in front of the existing film first and then merged into the film. The wet cell set up is demonstrated to be a versatile tool for nano liquid system research.
Uptake and Accumulation of Arsenic in Different Organs of Carrot Irrigated with As‐Rich Water
Authors: Mayorga Paloma , Moyano Amelia , Anawar Hossain M. , Garcia‐Sanchez Antonio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIrrigation with arsenic (As)‐rich water in agricultural soil may increase high levels of As in crops and cause food chain contamination. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was established using Spanish agricultural soil (Valladolid and Segovia provinces), that are extensively cultivated for carrot plant, to investigate the process of As uptake, bioaccumulation, and translocation of As from root to shoot and leaves in carrot plant. Arsenic concentrations in different organs of carrot plant, rhizosphere soil, and soil solutions were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). High concentrations of As in irrigation water, and the alkaline and sandy character of this soil enhanced As uptake in carrot plants indicating the potential health risk from consumption of carrots cultivated in these areas. Bioaccumulation of As into the leaves and roots increased with increase of As concentration in irrigation water. Both roots and leaves demonstrated a higher accumulation rate of As at an As concentration of 41 than 131 µg L−1 in the soil solution. The ratios of Asroot/Asleaves showed no statistically significant differences for the different irrigation treatments, and had an average value of 0.36 indicating the high magnitude of As translocation from roots to leaves in carrot plants. The leaves of carrots had a higher affinity for As than roots did. The correlation between As uptake by leaves or roots of carrots and the soluble As in rhizosphere soil did not demonstrate a linear or a plateau curve, indicating a slow but continuous constant As absorption which could be prolonged over time with high potential environmental risks.
Closed Hypersurfaces Driven by Mean Curvature and Inner Pressure
Authors: Notz Thilo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe introduce a hyperbolic equation that describes the motion of closed hypersurfaces in a Riemannian manifold with surface tension and inner pressure as driving forces. In the case of spherical surfaces this equation can be considered as an idealized mathematical model for a moving soap bubble. The equation is derived as an Euler‐Lagrange equation from a suitable action integral. It is a quasi‐linear degenerate hyperbolic PDE of second order that describes the motion of the surfaces extrinsically.Our main results are the solution of the Cauchy problem by means of the Nash‐Moser inverse function theorem, a continuation criterion, and stability estimates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Right frontal lobe glioma presenting as anorexia nervosa: Further evidence implicating dorsal anterior cingulate as an area of dysfunction
Authors: Goddard Elizabeth , Ashkan Keyoumars , Farrimond Stuart , Bunnage Martin , Treasure Janet 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjective:The association of anorexia nervosa (AN) with organic brain lesions may offer insight into underlying illness neuropathology. A systematic review reported an association between AN and lesions located in the right frontal lobe. To date, no studies have studied such a case longitudinally. A case of a male presenting with AN and a frontal lobe glioma is described.Method:The clinical symptoms and subsequent medical and neuropsychological investigations before and after surgery are reviewed.Results:The remission of ED symptoms is observed at 2 year post‐surgery follow up.Discussion:The features of this case are set into the context of recent conceptualizations of AN and the clinical implications for identifying individuals with underlying organic causes. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Monitoring considerations for a dynamic dune restoration project: Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia, Canada.
Authors: Darke Ian B. , Eamer Jordan B. R. , Beaugrand Hawley E. R. , Walker Ian J. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTHistorically, management of coastal dune systems has often involved artificial stabilization of active sand surfaces in order for coastal areas to be more easily controlled and modified for human benefit. In North America, the introduction of invasive grasses, namely European and American beach (marram) grasses (Ammophila spp.) has been one of the most successful strategies used for stabilizing active coastal dune sands. Recent research has demonstrated, however, that stabilization of coastal dunes often leads to reduced landform complexity and resilience, as well as declines in species diversity. More ‘dynamic’ restoration efforts have emerged over the past 20 years that encourage dune mobility and aeolian activity in order to provide a more resilient biogeomorphic system. In North America, there is generally little research relating restoration methods and outcomes to geomorphic responses despite the fundamental importance of sedimentary processes and dune morphodynamics in broader ecosystem function. This paper aims to better situate dynamic dune restoration within current geomorphic understanding. A brief review of key terms and concepts used in the emerging field of dynamic dune restoration is provided and expanded upon with respect to geomorphologic considerations. A case study of a recent dynamic restoration effort in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve, British Columbia, Canada is provide to demonstrate how these concepts are applied. Introduction of European marram at this site, coupled with a warming climate and increased precipitation in recent decades at this site, is thought to be associated with a rapid decline in aeolian activity, system stabilization and accelerated ecological succession. Preliminary results on the response of the dune system to mechanical removal of Ammophila are presented to provide the foundation for a research framework to guide the broader restoration project. Recommendations for improving treatment methodologies and monitoring protocols are provided to aid future restoration projects of this nature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shelf life of air and modified atmosphere‐packaged fresh tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored under chilled and superchilled conditions
Authors: Cyprian Odoli , Lauzon Hélène L. , Jóhannsson Ragnar , Sveinsdóttir Kolbrún , Arason Sigurjón , Martinsdóttir Emilía 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOptimal packaging and storage conditions for fresh tilapia fillets were established by evaluating sensory and microbiological changes, as well as monitoring physicochemical properties. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farmed in recirculation aquaculture system was filleted, deskinned, and packaged in air and 50% CO2/50% N2 prior to chilling and superchilling storage at 1°C and −1°C. Sensory analysis of cooked samples revealed a shelf life of 13–15 days for air‐packaged fillets during storage at 1°C and 20 days at −1°C. At the end of shelf life in air‐packaged fillets, total viable counts (TVC) and pseudomonads counts reached log 8 colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1. In 50% CO2/50% N2‐packaged fillets, the lag phase and generation time of bacteria were extended and recorded counts were below the limit for consumption (<log 8 CFU g−1) after 23 days of storage at both 1°C and −1°C. However, modified atmosphere (MA) packaging negatively affected color characteristics of the fillets soon after packaging (day 6). Color is an important indicator of tilapia fillets quality and a major factor in influencing retail purchase decisions. In view of that, air packaged at −1°C storage temperature was the optimal condition for fresh tilapia fillets. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) and trimethylamine (TMA) were not good indicators of spoilage of tilapia fillets in this study.
Flaking process increases the NF‐κB inhibition activity and melanoidin extractability of coffee
Authors: Chu Yi‐Fang , Hu Kang , Hatzold Thomas , Black Richard M. , Chen Don 
Published: December 2012

AbstractResearch on the health impacts of coffee has escalated. However, few studies were devoted to understanding the potential impact of mechanical processing on coffee's chemistry and subsequent health implications. Coffee flaking is a commonly used process to improve extractability and aroma characteristics. In this study, we studied the biochemical activity, chemical composition, and microstructure of coffee before and after flaking. We found that flaked coffee extract had 3.3‐fold higher activity in inhibiting nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) activation than regular coffee extract. Interestingly, flaking did not significantly alter the amount of coffee phenolics. It increased coffee melanoidin, by 2.1‐fold, which likely contributed to the observed higher activity in inhibiting NF‐κB activation. Flaking crushed cell walls revealed by microscopy might possibly result in disruption of polysaccharide entanglement and release of high‐molecular‐weight compounds, such as melanoidins. Consequently, the increased melanoidin content in the brew resulted in the increased inhibition of NF‐κB activation. Small molecules, like coffee phenolics, are readily soluble in water during coffee brewing even without flaking, suggesting that flaking has no effect on its extractability. In summary, our investigation revealed that flaking enhanced NF‐κB inhibition activity, possibly through the release of melanoidins from crushed cell microstructures.