bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forced Degradation and Photodegradation Studies of Pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3-dione Derivatives as Analgesic Active Compounds Using HPLC, UV and IR Spectrometry, and HPLC/MS Methods
Authors: Muszalska Izabela , Ciemniejewski Michał P , Lesniewska Monika A , Szkatuła Dominika , Malinka Wiesław 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The stress and accelerated tests as well as photostability analysis in solutions and the solid phase of three selected derivatives of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3-dione were carried out according the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. For observation of the degradation of tested compounds, the RP-HPLC method was used. The study included the effect of temperature, relative humidity, water, H+ and OH– ions, hydrogen peroxide, and light (6.0 × 106, 1.2 × 106 lux·h) on the stability of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3-dione derivatives. Studies have shown that these derivatives are photolabile, extremely unstable in an alkaline medium, labile in an acidic medium, and stable in a neutral medium. Their sensitivity to oxidizing agents depends on the chemical structure. The shortening of the aliphatic chain leads to an increase in the sensitivity to hydrolytic and oxidizing factors. The presence of the 1,3,4-tetraisoquinoline group promotes an increase in the susceptibility to photodegradation. The introduction of a carbonyl group to the aliphatic chain and the tetrafluoromethyl group to the phenyl ring stabilizes the molecule in the case of hydrolysis and oxidation and also increases sensitivity to light. The analysis of observed photodegradation products using the HPLC-diode array detector, HPLC/MS, and UV and IR spectrometry techniques showed degradation targeted at the breaking of the pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3-dione, piperazine, and/or tetrahydroisoquinoline rings.
Electrochemical Determination of Uric Acid at CdTe Quantum Dot Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Pan Deng , Rong Shengzhong , Zhang Guangteng , Zhang Yannan , Zhou Qiang , Liu Fenghai , Li Miaojing , Chang Dong , Pan Hongzhi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of uric acid (UA) at a CdTe quantum dot (QD) modified the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). CdTe QDs, as new semiconductor nanocrystals, can greatly improve the peak current of UA. The anodic peak current of UA was linear with its concentration between 1.0 × 10–6 and 4.0 × 10–4 M in 0.1 M pH 5.0 phosphate buffer solution. The LOD for UA at the CdTe electrode (1.0 × 10–7 M) was superior to that of the GCE. In addition, we also determined the effects of scan rate, pH, and interferences of UA for the voltammetric behavior and detection. The results indicated that modified electrode possessed excellent reproducibility and stability. Finally, a new and efficient electrochemical sensor for detecting UA was developed.
HPLC and HPLC/MS/MS Studies on Stress, Accelerated and Intermediate Degradation Tests of Antivirally Active Tricyclic Analog of Acyclovir
Authors: Lesniewska Monika A , Dereziński Paweł , Klupczyńska Agnieszka , Kokot Zenon J , Ostrowski Tomasz , Zeidler Joanna , Muszalska Izabela 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The degradation behavior of a tricyclic analog of acyclovir [6-(4-MeOPh)-TACV] was determined in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for good clinical practice under different stress conditions (neutral hydrolysis, strong acid/base degradation, oxidative decomposition, photodegradation, and thermal degradation). Accelerated [40 ± 2°C/75% ± 5% relative humidity (RH)] and intermediate (30 ± 2°C/65% ± 5% RH) stability tests were also performed. For observation of the degradation of the tested compound the RP-HPLC was used, whereas for the analysis of its degradation products HPLC/MS/MS was used. Degradation of the tested substance allowed its classification as unstable in neutral environment, acidic/alkaline medium, and in the presence of oxidizing agent. The tested compound was also light sensitive and was classified as photolabile both in solution and in the solid phase. However, the observed photodegradation in the solid phase was at a much lower level than in the case of photodegradation in solution. The study showed that both air temperature and RH had no significant effect on the stability of the tested substance during storage for 1 month at 100°C (dry heat) as well as during accelerated and intermediate tests. Based on the HPLC/MS/MS analysis, it can be concluded that acyclovir was formed as a degradation product of 6-(4-MeOPh)-TACV.
Simultaneous Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms in a Mixture by Multiplex PCR-Chip Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Patwardhan Supriya , Dasari Srikanth , Bhagavatula Krishna , Mueller Steffen , Deepak Saligrama Adavigowda , Ghosh Sudip , Basak Sanjay 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
An efficient PCR-based method to trace genetically modified food and feed products is in demand due to regulatory requirements and contaminant issues in India. However, post-PCR detection with conventional methods has limited sensitivity in amplicon separation that is crucial in multiplexing. The study aimed to develop a sensitive post-PCR detection method by using PCR-chip capillary electrophoresis (PCR-CCE) to detect and identify specific genetically modified organisms in their genomic DNA mixture by targeting event-specific nucleotide sequences. Using the PCR-CCE approach, novel multiplex methods were developed to detect MON531 cotton, EH 92-527-1 potato, Bt176 maize, GT73 canola, or GA21 maize simultaneously when their genomic DNAs in mixtures were amplified using their primer mixture. The repeatability RSD (RSDr) of the peak migration time was 0.06 and 3.88% for the MON531 and Bt176, respectively. The RSD (RSDR) of the Cry1Ac peak ranged from 0.12 to 0.40% in multiplex methods. The method was sensitive in resolving amplicon of size difference up to 4 bp. The PCR-CCE method is suitable to detect multiple genetically modified events in a composite DNA sample by tagging their event specific sequences.
Comparative Evaluation of Veriflow®Listeria monocytogenes to USDA and AOAC Culture Based Methods for the Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Food
Authors: Joelsson Adam C , Brown Ashley S , Puri Amrita , Keough Martin P , Gaudioso Zara E , Siciliano Nicholas A , Snook Adam E 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Veriflow®Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a molecular based assay for the presumptive detection of Listeria monocytogenes from environmental surfaces, dairy, and ready-to-eat (RTE) food matrixes (hot dogs and deli meat). The assay utilizes a PCR detection method coupled with a rapid, visual, flow-based assay that develops in 3 min post PCR amplification and requires only 24 h of enrichment for maximum sensitivity. The Veriflow LM system eliminates the need for sample purification, gel electrophoresis, or fluorophore-based detection of target amplification, and does not require complex data analysis. This Performance Tested MethodSM validation study demonstrated the ability of the Veriflow LM method to detect low levels of artificially inoculated L. monocytogenes in seven distinct environmental and food matrixes. In each unpaired reference comparison study, probability of detection analysis indicated no significant difference between the Veriflow LM method and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook 8.08 or AOAC 993.12 reference method. Fifty strains of L. monocytogenes were detected in the inclusivity study, while 39 nonspecific organisms were undetected in the exclusivity study. The study results show that Veriflow LM is a sensitive, selective, and robust assay for the presumptive detection of L. monocytogenes sampled from environmental, dairy, or RTE (hot dogs and deli meat) food matrixes.
Size-tunable palladium nanoparticles synthesized using the solution plasma process and their electrocatalytic activities
Authors: Jo Yu-Geun , Kim Sung-Min , Lee Sang-Yul 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this work, for fuel cell applications, size-tunable Pd nanoparticles were synthesized by adjusting the applied voltage in a range from 2.4 to 3.2 kV in solution plasma. The crystalline structure and morphology of the size-tuned Pd nanoparticles were examined using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The results revealed that the size of the Pd nanoparticles could be varied by tuning the Pd concentration in the plasma, which could be achieved by changing the applied voltages. The size of the Pd nanoparticles gradually decreased with increasing voltage, and the smallest Pd nanoparticles of 4.7 nm in diameter were observed at the highest voltage of 3.2 kV. According to the cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests, the Pd nanoparticles of 5.7 nm in diameter exhibited the enhanced catalytic activity and durability for methanol oxidation since the Pd surface was less covered by OH species.
Magmatic consequences of the transition from orthogonal to oblique subduction in Panama
Authors: Rooney Tyrone O. , Morell Kristin D. , Hidalgo Paulo , Fraceschi Pastora 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe closure of the Central American Seaway is linked with tectonic and magmatic processes that have controlled the evolution of the Isthmus of Panama. We focus on the terminal stages of arc activity in the Central Panama region, and present new geochemical data from ∼9 Ma explosive silicic volcanism preserved in three syngenetic tuff beds from the Gatun. The magmatic evolution of the Gatun Formation is controlled by a series of magma mushes where pyroxene is the dominant early forming mafic mineral, with amphibole appearing only relatively late in the fractionation sequence. Our data show Gatun lavas exhibit a strong subduction signature, consistent with plate reconstruction models showing arc‐normal subduction from Costa Rica to Panama pre‐8.5 Ma. However, large ion lithophile elements are depleted in the Gatun Formation in comparison to other regional suites, indicative of a lower flux of subduction fluid to the Gatun Formation mantle source, which is explained by a shift toward magma generation by decompression following the collision of the arc with South America. Oblique subduction commencing ∼8.5 Ma resulted in the shutdown of normal arc activity throughout Panama. We interpret subsequent regional Quaternary adakitic volcanism as a response to this oblique subduction. The now more refractory mantle wedge required greater fluid flux in order to melt. The resultant volatile‐rich melts were more prone to deep fractionation of amphibole and garnet cumulates forming adakites. Deep fractionation was potentially enhanced by changing stress regimes on the upper plate caused by oblique subduction.
Distributed subglacial discharge drives significant submarine melt at a Greenland tidewater glacier
Authors: Fried M. J. , Catania G. A. , Bartholomaus T. C. , Duncan D. , Davis M. , Stearns L. A. , Nash J. , Shroyer E. , Sutherland D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSubmarine melt can account for substantial mass loss at tidewater glacier termini. However, the processes controlling submarine melt are poorly understood due to limited observations of submarine termini. Here at a tidewater glacier in central West Greenland, we identify subglacial discharge outlets and infer submarine melt across the terminus using direct observations of the submarine terminus face. We find extensive melting associated with small discharge outlets. While the majority of discharge is routed to a single, large channel, outlets not fed by large tributaries drive submarine melt rates in excess of 3.0 m d−1 and account for 85% of total estimated melt across the terminus. Nearly the entire terminus is undercut, which may intersect surface crevasses and promote calving. Severe undercutting constricts buoyant outflow plumes and may amplify melt. The observed morphology and melt distribution motivate more realistic treatments of terminus shape and subglacial discharge in submarine melt models.
Millennial‐scale oscillations between sea ice and convective deep water formation
Authors: Saha Raj 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDuring the last ice age there were several quasiperiodic abrupt warming events. The climatic effects of the so‐called Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) events were felt globally, although the North Atlantic experienced the largest and most abrupt temperature anomalies. Similar but weaker oscillations also took place during the interglacial period. This paper proposes an auto‐oscillatory mechanism between sea ice and convective deep water formation in the North Atlantic as the source of the persistent cycles. A simple dynamical model is constructed by coupling and slightly modifying two existing models of ocean circulation and sea ice. The model exhibits mixed mode oscillations, consisting of decadal‐scale small‐amplitude oscillations and a large‐amplitude relaxation fluctuation. The decadal oscillations occur due to the insulating effect of sea ice and leads to periodic ventilation of heat from the polar ocean. Gradually, an instability builds up in the polar column and results in an abrupt initiation of convection and polar warming. The unstable convective state relaxes back to the small‐amplitude oscillations from where the process repeats in a self‐sustained manner. Freshwater pulses mimicking Heinrich events cause the oscillations to be grouped into packets of progressively weaker fluctuations, as observed in proxy records. Modulation of this stable oscillation mechanism by freshwater and insolation variations could account for the distribution and pacing of D‐O and Bond events. Physical aspects of the system such as sea ice extent and oceanic advective flow rates could determine the characteristic 1500 year time scale of D‐O events. The model results with respect to the structure of the water column in the Nordic seas during stadial and interstadial phases are in agreement with paleoproxy observations.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling of N‐Tosylhydrazones with Amides: A Straightforward Method for the Construction of C(sp3)N Amide Bonds from Aldehydes
Authors: Xu Peng , Han Fu‐She , Wang Yan‐Hua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA method for the one‐pot synthesis of substituted amides from aldehydes and amides is presented. Namely, condensation of aldehydes with N‐tosylhydrazide generated the N‐tosylhydrazones which were then reductively cross‐coupled in situ with primary or secondary amides in the presence of a copper catalyst to afford secondary or tertiary amides, respectively. The reaction proceeded efficiently for a wide range of aldehydes and amides under the optimized conditions, i.e., 10 mol% of tetrakis(acetonitrile)copper(I) tetrafluoroborate [Cu(CH3CN)4BF4], 1 mol% of tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide [(n‐Bu)4NI], and sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as base in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 80 °C. As a result, the method provides a straightforward route for the synthesis of substituted amides from readily available aldehydes via a transition metal‐catalyzed C(sp3)N amide bond forming reaction.magnified image
Melanopsin retinal ganglion cell loss in Alzheimer disease
Authors: La Morgia Chiara , Ross‐Cisneros Fred N. , Koronyo Yosef , Hannibal Jens , Gallassi Roberto , Cantalupo Gaetano , Sambati Luisa , Pan Billy X. , Tozer Kevin R. , Barboni Piero , Provini Federica , Avanzini Pietro , Carbonelli Michele , Pelosi Annalisa , Chui Helena , Liguori Rocco , Baruzzi Agostino , Koronyo‐Hamaoui Maya , Sadun Alfredo A. , Carelli Valerio 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveMelanopsin retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) are photoreceptors driving circadian photoentrainment, and circadian dysfunction characterizes Alzheimer disease (AD). We investigated mRGCs in AD, hypothesizing that they contribute to circadian dysfunction.MethodsWe assessed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in 21 mild‐moderate AD patients, and in a subgroup of 16 we evaluated rest–activity circadian rhythm by actigraphy. We studied postmortem mRGCs by immunohistochemistry in retinas, and axons in optic nerve cross‐sections of 14 neuropathologically confirmed AD patients. We coimmunostained for retinal amyloid β (Aβ) deposition and melanopsin to locate mRGCs. All AD cohorts were compared with age‐matched controls.ResultsWe demonstrated an age‐related optic neuropathy in AD by OCT, with a significant reduction of RNFL thickness (p = 0.038), more evident in the superior quadrant (p = 0.006). Axonal loss was confirmed in postmortem AD optic nerves. Abnormal circadian function characterized only a subgroup of AD patients. Sleep efficiency was significantly reduced in AD patients (p = 0.001). We also found a significant loss of mRGCs in postmortem AD retinal specimens (p = 0.003) across all ages and abnormal mRGC dendritic morphology and size (p = 0.003). In flat‐mounted AD retinas, Aβ accumulation was remarkably evident inside and around mRGCs.InterpretationWe show variable degrees of rest–activity circadian dysfunction in AD patients. We also demonstrate age‐related loss of optic nerve axons and specifically mRGC loss and pathology in postmortem AD retinal specimens, associated with Aβ deposition. These results all support the concept that mRGC degeneration is a contributor to circadian rhythm dysfunction in AD. ANN NEUROL 2016;79:90–109
A Green's function approach to modeling molecular diffraction in the limit of ultra‐thin gratings
Authors: Brand Christian , Fiedler Johannes , Juffmann Thomas , Sclafani Michele , Knobloch Christian , Scheel Stefan , Lilach Yigal , Cheshnovsky Ori , Arndt Markus 
Published: October 2015

In recent years, matter‐wave diffraction at nanomechanical structures has been used by several research groups to explore the quantum nature of atoms and molecules, to prove the existence of weakly bound molecules or to explore atom‐surface interactions with high sensitivity. The particles' Casimir‐Polder interaction with the diffraction grating leads to significant changes in the amplitude distribution of the diffraction pattern. This becomes particularly intriguing in the thin‐grating limit, i.e. when the size of a complex molecule becomes comparable with the grating thickness and its rotation period comparable to the transit time through the mask. Here we analyze the predictive power of a Green's function scattering model and the constraints imposed by the finite control over real‐world experimental factors on the nanoscale.
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Loading of Vesicles into Soft Amphiphilic Nanotubes using Osmosis
Authors: Erne Petra M. , van Bezouwen Laura S. , Štacko Peter , van Dijken Derk Jan , Chen Jiawen , Stuart Marc C. A. , Boekema Egbert J. , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe facile assembly of higher‐order nanoarchitectures from simple building blocks is demonstrated by the loading of vesicles into soft amphiphilic nanotubes using osmosis. The nanotubes are constructed from rigid interdigitated bilayers which are capped with vesicles comprising phospholipid‐based flexible bilayers. When a hyperosmotic gradient is applied to these vesicle‐capped nanotubes, the closed system loses water and the more flexible vesicle bilayer is pulled inwards. This leads to inclusion of vesicles inside the nanotubes without affecting the tube structure, showing controlled reorganization of the self‐assembled multicomponent system upon a simple osmotic stimulus.
Thermally Tunable Hydrogels Displaying Angle‐Independent Structural Colors
Authors: Ohtsuka Yumiko , Seki Takahiro , Takeoka Yukikazu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe report the preparation of thermally tunable hydrogels displaying angle‐independent structural colors. The porous structures were formed with short‐range order using colloidal amorphous array templates and a small amount of carbon black (CB). The resultant porous hydrogels prepared using colloidal amorphous arrays without CB appeared white, whereas the hydrogels with CB revealed bright structural colors. The brightly colored hydrogels rapidly changed hues in a reversible manner, and the hues varied widely depending on the water temperature. Moreover, the structural colors were angle‐independent under diffusive lighting because of the isotropic nanostructure generated from the colloidal amorphous arrays.
Sultones and Sultines via a Julia–Kocienski Reaction of Epoxides
Authors: Smith Geoffrey M. T. , Burton Paul M. , Bray Christopher D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe development of the homologous Julia–Kocienski reaction has led to the discovery of two new reaction modes of epoxides with sulfones. These pathways allow rapid and direct access to a range of γ‐sultones and γ‐sultines.
Structure and properties of polylactide toughened by polyurethane prepolymer
Authors: Zhang Xu , Koranteng Ernest , Wu Zhengshun , Wu Qiangxian 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was prepared by the reaction of Poly‐1,4‐butylene glycol adipate diol (PBA) and 4,4′‐Methylenedi‐p‐phenyl diisocyanate (MDI). The as‐prepared PUP was then blended with Polylactide (PLA), and the impact of the PUP on the blends regarding their structure and properties were thoroughly analyzed. Also, PLA was blended with PU powder without isocyanate groups (NCO) as an important control sample (PLAPW) to study the interface interaction of the blends. Obvious yield and neck stretch were obtained after the addition of PUP, and the elongation ratio at break increased from 2.9% to 231.5%. In contrast, the mechanical properties of PLAPW decreased significantly mainly due to the simple physical blending of the polymers without the formation of covalent bonds. Also, the results of the FTIR, SEM, DSC, and DMA analysis showed that the reactions of NCO groups in PUP with the terminal hydroxyl or carboxyl groups in PLA significantly improved the compatibility of the PUP and PLA blend. Compared to pristine PLA, the highest decomposition temperature of the PLA and PUP blend (PLAPU) increased from 359.3°C to 362.6°C. Additionally the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the blended materials were exceedingly improved even with only 5% of PUP in the blended materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42983.
Impact of number of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET-positive lymph nodes on survival of patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Miyata H , Yamasaki M , Makino T , Tatsumi M , Miyazaki Y , Takahashi T , Kurokawa Y , Takiguchi S , Mori M , Doki Y 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET has been used to evaluate the response of primary tumours to neoadjuvant therapy for oesophageal cancer. The clinical significance of the number of PET-positive nodes before and after therapy has not been investigated previously.

Methods
[ 18F]FDG-PET was performed before and 2–3 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to identify the number of PET-positive nodes, and these numbers were assessed in relation to metabolic changes in the primary tumour.

Results
Of 302 patients in total, 90 had no PET-positive nodes, 83 had one, 59 had two and 70 patients had three or more positive nodes before therapy. After treatment, the numbers were: none in 207 patients, one in 59, two in 20 and three or more in 16 patients. The number of PET-positive nodes after treatment was influenced by both the number of PET-positive nodes before therapy and the response to preoperative therapy, and correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Overall survival was longer in patients who had no PET-positive nodes after treatment than in those who had one or more. Multivariable analysis identified the numbers of PET-positive nodes before and after chemotherapy as independent prognostic factors, together with clinical response, tumour depth and lymph node involvement.

Conclusion
The number of PET-positive nodes after treatment correlated with survival in patients with oesophageal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy.