bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of risk factors for adverse drug events in a general hospital
Authors: Pisetta Leticia Mara , Tonin Fernanda Zanardo , Akiyoshi Fernando Kenji , Santos Fábio André , Fernandes Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adverse events (AEs), and particularly adverse drug events (ADEs), represent a health problem as they can cause permanent damage or death. Understanding the frequency, location, and causes of ADEs can prevent harm to patients. The Global Trigger Tool, produced by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (GTT/IHI), is widely used to identify AEs. Recognizing the profile of patients who suffer ADEs can reveal clinical or individual characteristics that predispose to the occurrence of AEs. A cross-sectional study was carried out through a retrospective analysis of 120 medical charts of patients discharged from hospital between October 2020 and April 2021. Patients over 18 years old, with a length of stay of more than 24 h, were included. The list of triggers used was from the medication module of the GTT/IHI, which was adapted for use in the institution. Two primary reviewers and a medical reviewer applied this tool. The primary reviewers independently assessed the randomized charts. A meeting to achieve consensus among the reviewers was held every 2 weeks to validate the identified ADEs; classifications were based on harm severity. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to assess the variables that predicted the occurrence of ADEs, using the backward stepwise method. A total of 43 ADEs were identified, with a frequency of 36 per 100 admissions (43/120). Of these, five ADEs (12%) were responsible for patients being admitted to hospital. In the case of in-hospital ADEs, there were 42.2 per 1000 patients/day. The clinical manifestation of altered kidney function (16%) and the anatomical drug group of the nervous system (33%) were the most frequent ADEs. The multivariate logistic regression model was significant (×2 = 44.960, P &lt; .001), indicating that factors such as: known drug allergy [odds ratio 5.728; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.249, 26.274, P = .025]; being clinically hospitalized (odds ratio 7.504; 95% CI: 1.654, 34.037; P = .009); number of medicines used (odds ratio 1.100; 95% CI: 1.054, 1.148; P &lt; .001); and being under the care of internal medicine (odds ratio 3.633; 95% CI: 1.257, 10.511; P = .017) were predictor variables associated with the occurrence of ADEs. A significant percentage of hospitalized patients experienced at least one ADE, with rates surpassing those found in similar studies. The GTT/IHI effectively assessed medication-related harm, emphasizing the need for tailored triggers based on population characteristics. Predictor variables can inform preventive strategies. Overall, the tool facilitated a localized risk assessment of medication use.
Single and Unhoused Population at Risk for Self-Inflicted Burn Injury: A Retrospective Analysis of an Urban American Burn Center’s Experience
Authors: Manasyan Artur , Malkoff Nicolas , Cannata Brigette , Stanton Eloise W , Yenikomshian Haig A , Gillenwater T Justin , Stoycos Sarah A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite the growing recognition of self-harm as a pressing public health issue, demographic risk factors of self-inflicted burn (SIB) injuries in the United States have not been extensively described. In this retrospective study, we seek to identify demographic risk factors and patterns associated with SIB injuries at an urban burn center. Charts were reviewed of patients admitted to a single American Burn Association-verified burn unit between 2015 and 2023 with a history of SIB injury, identified with ICD10 code X76.XXXA. Descriptive statistics, Welch’s t-test of unequal variances, and chi-squared analysis were performed. A total of 3212 patients were admitted to our institution for the management of acute burn injury, with 94 (2.9%) patients presenting with SIB injury. SIB patients were more likely than the control cohort to be male (P = .035), single (P = .008), unhoused (P &lt; .001), live alone (P &lt; 0.001), and have documented psychiatric diagnoses (72.3% vs 2.1%, P &lt; .001). They had larger %TBSA affected (P &lt; .001) and higher rates of inhalation injury (P &lt; .001). The SIB cohort also showed significantly higher rates of positive urine toxicology results, primarily for stimulants and opiates (P &lt; .001). Patients with SIBs had longer hospital stays (21.7 ± 2.6 days vs 12.0 ± 22.1 days, P = .006), higher rates of ICU admission (P &lt; .001), and mechanical ventilation requirement (P &lt; .001). Mental health support services, substance abuse rehabilitation programs, and community outreach need to be prioritized, especially targeting vulnerable populations such as the unhoused.
Specificity in the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Buitrago-Rey Nicolás , Núñez-Fernández Paloma , Pérez-Liñán Aníbal , Suárez-Torres Angélica 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Human rights bodies formulate highly specific orders to minimize the risk of State non-compliance. However, specificity comes at a cost, reducing State autonomy when local agents implement measures on the ground. This article develops the concept of specificity in human rights reparations and analyses the specificity formulas deployed by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in structural measures as a form of positive subsidiarity. We employ qualitative data analysis software to process 322 measures of non-repetition ordered by the Inter-American Court through to the end of 2020. This analysis identifies two modes of specificity: process-based, which defines procedures for compliance, and outcome-based, which sets the goals for the State. After coding over 800 segments of text from Court decisions, we outline an exhaustive legal framework with 26 process-based categories and 2 outcome-based forms of specificity. We conclude that outcome-based specificity can help courts balance positive subsidiarity and State autonomy in the design of reparations.
The deubiquitinase USP44 enhances cisplatin chemosensitivity through stabilizing STUB1 to promote LRPPRC degradation in neuroblastoma
Authors: Zeng Liang , Li Ying-Qing , He Shi-Wei , Xu Hui , Zhang Ruizhong , Chen Kai , Qin Liang-Jun , Zhu Xun-Hua , Li Yi-Lin , Li Le , Liu Na , Wang Hai-Yun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Dysregulated deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) execute as intrinsic oncogenes or tumor suppressors and are involved in chemoresistance in cancers. However, the functions and exact molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear in neuroblastoma.

Methods
Here, an R2 screening strategy based on the standard deviation values was used to identify the most important DUB, USP44, in neuroblastoma with stage 4. We validated the role of USP44 regulation upon cisplatin treatment in vitro and in vivo experiments, revealing the molecular mechanisms associated with USP44 regulation and cisplatin sensitivity in neuroblastoma.

Results
We found that low USP44 expression was associated with an inferior prognosis in neuroblastoma patients. Overexpression of USP44 enhanced neuroblastoma cell sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, USP44 recruited and stabilized the E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1 by removing its K48-linked polyubiquitin chains at Lys30, and STUB1 further reinforced the K48-linked polyubiquitination of LRPPRC at Lys453 and promoted its protein degradation, thus enhancing the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), in turn facilitating neuroblastoma cell apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity. Additionally, overexpression of LRPPRC reversed the promoting effect of USP44 on cell apoptosis in cisplatin-treated neuroblastoma cells.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that the USP44–STUB1–LRPPRC axis plays a pivotal role in neuroblastoma chemoresistance and provides potential targets for neuroblastoma therapy and prognostication.
Clinical, molecular, and genetic features of spinal meningiomas
Authors: Deska-Gauthier Dylan , Hachem Laureen D , Wang Justin Z , Landry Alex P , Yefet Leeor , Gui Chloe , Ellengbogen Yosef , Badhiwala Jetan , Zadeh Gelareh , Nassiri Farshad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Spinal meningiomas comprise 25%–46% of all primary spinal tumors. While the majority are benign and slow-growing, when left untreated, they can result in significant neurological decline. Emerging clinical, imaging, and molecular data have begun to reveal spinal meningiomas as distinct tumor subtypes compared to their intracranial counterparts. Moreover, recent studies indicate molecular and genetic subtype heterogeneity of spinal meningiomas both within and across the classically defined WHO grades. In the current review, we focus on recent advances highlighting the epidemiological, pathological, molecular/genetic, and clinical characteristics of spinal meningiomas. Furthermore, we explore patient and tumor-specific factors that predict prognosis and postoperative outcomes. We highlight areas that require further investigation, specifically efforts aimed at linking unique molecular, genetic, and imaging characteristics to distinct clinical presentations to better predict and manage patient outcomes.
Tumor volume features predict survival outcomes for patients diagnosed with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Authors: Spencer D’Andre , Bonner Erin R , Tor-Díez Carlos , Liu Xinyang , Bougher Kristen , Prasad Rachna , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Eze Augustine , Packer Roger J , Nazarian Javad , Linguraru Marius George , Bornhorst Miriam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a fatal childhood central nervous system tumor. Diagnosis and monitoring of tumor response to therapy is based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI-based analyses of tumor volume and appearance may aid in the prediction of patient overall survival (OS).

Methods
Contrast-enhanced T1- and FLAIR/T2-weighted MR images were retrospectively collected from children with classical DIPG diagnosed by imaging (n = 43 patients). MRI features were evaluated at diagnosis (n = 43 patients) and post-radiation (n = 40 patients) to determine OS outcome predictors. Features included 3D tumor volume (Twv), contrast-enhancing tumor core volume (Tc), Tc relative to Twv (TC/Twv), and Twv relative to whole brain volume. Support vector machine (SVM) learning was used to identify feature combinations that predicted OS outcome (defined as OS shorter or longer than 12 months from diagnosis).

Results
Features associated with poor OS outcome included the presence of contrast-enhancing tumor at diagnosis, &gt;15% Tc/Twv post-radiation therapy (RT), and &gt;20% ∆Tc/Twv post-RT. Consistently, SVM learning identified Tc/Twv at diagnosis (prediction accuracy of 74%) and ∆Tc/Twv at &lt;2 months post-RT (accuracy = 75%) as primary features of poor survival.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that tumor imaging features at diagnosis and within 4 months of RT can predict differential OS outcomes in DIPG. These findings provide a framework for incorporating tumor volume-based predictive analyses into the clinical setting, with the potential for treatment customization based on tumor risk characteristics and future applications of machine-learning-based analysis.
Capacity to Consent to Sex: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Lammasniemi Laura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article provides a historical perspective on capacity to consent to sex. It examines who could make decisions about sex, whose consent mattered and why. The article draws from legal history and from transcripts and testimonies in unreported sexual offence cases in England, heard in the Central Criminal Court in London and the regional assizes between the years of 1918 and 1950. These cases, often involving vulnerable complainants below the age of consent and those with mental disabilities, show that the concept of capacity was neither fixed nor clearly articulated. The article argues that, historically, capacity was not a biological or medical construct, but rather a social one, influenced by notions of class, gender and even eugenic ideals. The article demonstrates that, during this period, sexual offence law enabled social and population control, and that, despite significant legislative advances, capacity remains a fraught concept.
Prioritizing social vulnerability in urban heat mitigation
Authors: Fung Kwun Yip , Yang Zong-Liang , Martilli Alberto , Krayenhoff E Scott , Niyogi Dev 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We utilized city-scale simulations to quantitatively compare the diverse urban overheating mitigation strategies, specifically tied to social vulnerability and their cooling efficacies during heatwaves. We enhanced the Weather Research and Forecasting model to encompass the urban tree effect and calculate the Universal Thermal Climate Index for assessing thermal comfort. Taking Houston, Texas, and United States as an example, the study reveals that equitably mitigating urban overheat is achievable by considering the city's demographic composition and physical structure. The study results show that while urban trees may yield less cooling impact (0.27 K of Universal Thermal Climate Index in daytime) relative to cool roofs (0.30 K), the urban trees strategy can emerge as an effective approach for enhancing community resilience in heat stress-related outcomes. Social vulnerability-based heat mitigation was reviewed as vulnerability-weighted daily cumulative heat stress change. The results underscore: (i) importance of considering the community resilience when evaluating heat mitigation impact and (ii) the need to assess planting spaces for urban trees, rooftop areas, and neighborhood vulnerability when designing community-oriented urban overheating mitigation strategies.
A hybrid approach to generating diatomic line lists for high resolution studies of exoplanets and other hot astronomical objects: updates to ExoMol MgO, TiO, and VO line lists
Authors: McKemmish Laura K , Bowesman Charles A , Kefala Kyriaki , Perri Armando N , Syme Anna-Maree , Yurchenko Sergei N , Tennyson Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The best molecular line lists for astrophysical applications today require both high accuracy of line positions for strong lines as well as high overall completeness. The former is required to enable, for example, molecular detection in high-resolution cross-correlation observations of exoplanets, while completeness is required for accurate spectroscopic and radiative properties over broad temperature and spectral ranges. The use of empirical energies generated with the marvel procedure is a standard way to improve accuracy; here we explore methods of extending the use of these levels using predicted shifts and isotopologue extrapolation, as well as augmenting the levels from other sources such as effective Hamiltonian studies. These methods are used to update ExoMol line lists for the main $^{24}$Mg$^{16}$O and $^{48}$Ti$^{16}$O isotopologues, as well as for $^{24}$Mg$^{17}$O, $^{24}$Mg$^{18}$O, $^{25}$Mg$^{16}$O, $^{26}$Mg$^{16}$O, $^{46}$Ti$^{16}$O, $^{47}$Ti$^{16}$O, $^{49}$Ti$^{16}$O, and $^{50}$Ti$^{16}$O; new marvel results for $^{51}$V$^{16}$O are also presented.
Extending weeknight sleep duration in late-sleeping adolescents using morning bright light on weekends: a 3-week maintenance study
Authors: Crowley Stephanie J , Poole Elaine , Adams John , Eastman Charmane I 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Our sleep extension intervention in adolescents showed that gradually shifting weekday bedtime earlier plus one weekend of morning bright light advanced circadian phase and increased weeknight sleep duration. Here, we examine at-home maintenance of these changes.

Methods
Fourteen adolescents (15.3–17.9 years; 7 female) completed a 7-week study. After usual sleep at home (2-week baseline), intervention participants (n = 8) gradually advanced weekday bedtime (1 hour earlier than baseline during week 3; 2 hours earlier in week 4) and received bright light (~6000 lux; 2.5 hours) on both mornings of the intervening weekend. During three maintenance weeks, intervention participants were instructed to maintain their school-day wake-up time on all days, keep their early week four bedtimes, except on weekends when they could go to bed up to 1 hour later, and get a 2.5-hour light box exposure within 5 minutes of waking on one morning (Saturday or Sunday) of both weekends at home. Control participants (n = 6) slept as usual at home and did not receive weekend bright light. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was measured after the 2-week baseline, 2-week intervention, and 3-week maintenance in all participants. Actigraphic sleep–wake was collected throughout.

Results
After the 2-week intervention, DLMOs advanced more compared to control (37.0 ± 40.0 minutes vs. −14.7 ± 16.6 minutes), weekday sleep duration increased by 69.7 ± 27.8 minutes and sleep onset was 103.7 ± 14.2 minutes earlier compared to baseline. After three maintenance weeks, intervention participants showed negligible DLMO delays (−4.9 ± 22.9 minutes); weekday fall-asleep times and sleep durations also remained stable.

Conclusions
Early circadian phase and extended sleep can be maintained with at-home weekend bright light.
Seasonality in embolism resistance and hydraulic capacitance jointly mediate hydraulic safety in branches and leaves of oriental cork oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.)
Authors: Huang Xin , Hou Zhuo-Liang , Ma Bo-Long , Zhao Han , Jiang Zai-Min , Cai Jing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Seasonality in temperate regions is prominent during the era of increased climatic variability. A hydraulic trait that can adjust to seasonally changing climatic conditions is crucial for tree safety. However, little attention has been paid to the intraspecific seasonality of drought-related traits and hydraulic safety of keystone forest trees. We examined seasonal variations in the key morphological and physiological traits as well as multiple hydraulic safety margins (SMs) at the branch and leaf levels in oriental cork oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.), which is predominant in Chinese temperate forests. Pneumatic measurements indicated that, as seasons progressed, the water potential at which 50% of branch embolisms occur (P50_branch) decreased from −3.34 to −4.23 MPa, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 9.08%. Sapwood capacitance ranged from 48.19 to 248.08 kg m−3 MPa−1, peaking in autumn and reaching minimum in winter (CV 60.58%). Rehydration kinetics confirmed higher leaf embolism vulnerability (P50_leaf) in spring and autumn than those in summer, with values ranging from −1.06 to −3.02 MPa (CV 39.85%). All leaf pressure–volume (PV) traits shifted with growth, with CVs ranging from 6.95% to 46.69%. Sapwood density had significant negative correlations with P50_branch and hydraulic capacitance for elastic water storage, whereas leaf mass per area was linearly associated with PV traits but not with P50_leaf. Furthermore, the branch typical SMs (difference between branch midday water potential and P50_branch) were consistently &gt;1.84 MPa, and vulnerability segmentation was prevalent throughout, implying a plausible hydraulic foundation for the dominance of Q. variabilis. Diverse hydraulic response patterns existed across seasons, leading to positive SMs mediated by the aforementioned physiological traits. Although Q. variabilis exhibits a high level of hydraulic safety, its susceptibility to sudden summer droughts may increase due to global climate change.
YAP activation in liver macrophages via depletion of MST1/MST2 enhances liver inflammation and fibrosis in MASLD
Authors: Zhang Jinqiang , Chen Weina , Song Kyoungsub , Song Kejing , Kolls Jay , Wu Tong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMacrophages have been recognized as pivotal players in the progression of MASLD/MASH. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their multifaceted functions in the disease remain to be further clarified. In the current study, we developed a new mouse model with YAP activation in macrophages to delineate the effect and mechanism of YAP signaling in the pathogenesis of MASLD/MASH. Genetically modified mice, featuring specific depletion of both Mst1 and Mst2 in macrophages/monocytes, were generated and exposed to a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks to induce MASLD. Following this period, livers were collected for histopathological examination, and liver non‐parenchymal cells were isolated and subjected to various analyses, including single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting and qRT‐PCR to investigate the impact of YAP signaling on the progression of MASLD. Our data revealed that Mst1/2 depletion in liver macrophages enhanced liver inflammation and fibrosis in MASLD. Using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing, we showed that YAP activation via Mst1/2 depletion upregulated the expressions of both pro‐inflammatory genes and genes associated with resolution/tissue repair. We observed that YAP activation increases Kupffer cell populations (i.e., Kupffer‐2 and Kupffer‐3) which are importantly implicated in the pathogenesis of MASLD/MASH. Our data indicate that YAP activation via Mst1/2 deletion enhances both the pro‐inflammatory and tissue repairing functions of Kupffer‐1 and ‐2 cells at least in part through C1q. These YAP‐regulatory mechanisms control the plasticity of liver macrophages in the context of MASLD/MASH. Our findings provide important evidence supporting the critical regulatory role of YAP signaling in liver macrophage plasticity and the progression of MASLD. Therefore, targeting the Hippo‐YAP pathway may present a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MASH.
Liver cancer in ovo models for preclinical testing
Authors: Garcia Paul , Wang Yan , Viallet Jean , Mehdi Nour El Houda , Montaut Emilie , Decaens Thomas , Emadali Anouk , Macek Jílková Zuzana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImmunotherapies have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although more than 70% of patients still do not respond to this first‐line treatment. Many new combination strategies are currently being explored, which drastically increases the need for preclinical models that would allow large‐scale testing of new immunotherapies and their combinations. We developed several in ovo (in the egg) human liver cancer models, based on human tumor xenografts of different liver cancer cell lines on the chicken embryo's chorioallantoic membrane. We characterized the angiogenesis, as well as the collagen accumulation and tumor immune microenvironment, and tested atezolizumab (anti‐PD‐L1) plus bevacizumab (anti‐VEGF) treatment. Our results show the involvement of chicken immune cells in tumor growth, reproducing a classical non‐inflamed “cold” as well as inflamed “hot” tumor status, depending on the in ovo liver cancer model. The treatment by atezolizumab and bevacizumab was highly efficient in the “hot” tumor model PLC/PRF/5 in ovo with the reduction of tumor size by 76% (p ≤ .0001) compared with the control, whereas the efficacy was limited in the “cold” Hep3B in ovo tumor. The contribution of the anti‐PD‐L1 blockade to the anti‐tumoral effect in the PLC/PRF/5 in ovo model was demonstrated by the efficacy of atezolizumab monotherapy (p = .0080, compared with the control). To conclude, our study provides a detailed characterization and rational arguments that could help to partially replace conventional laboratory animals with a more ethical model, suited to the current needs of preclinical research of new immunotherapies for liver cancer.