bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Iron–Quercetin Complexes in Synthetic Wine under In Vitro Digestion Conditions
Authors: Escudero Leticia B. , Fusari Cecilia M. , Altamirano Jorgelina C. , Camargo Alejandra B. , Wuilloud Rodolfo G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWine is a dietary source of polyphenolic compounds with reported health benefits when moderately consumed. Several of these compounds can associate with metals forming complexes. Therefore, this work was conducted to reach a better understanding of the nature and chemical stability of wine‐derived Fe3+–quercetin complexes in a digestion model. The stability of the complexes in a synthetic (simulated) wine was studied before and after in vitro gastric and intestinal digestions by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV‐Vis detection. Metal determination was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) to evaluate possible dissociation of complexes. During HPLC analysis all peaks eluted from the chromatographic column were collected, acidified, and analyzed by ETAAS. The results showed that complexes remain substantially stable after gastric digestion conditions, with recoveries of 84% to 90%. Although metal complexes were partially degraded during intestinal digestion, 41% to 45% of the Fe3+–quercetin complexes was recovered.
Color and Volatile Analysis of Peanuts Roasted Using Oven and Microwave Technologies
Authors: Smith Alicia L. , Barringer Sheryl A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRoasted peanut color and volatiles were evaluated for different time and temperature combinations of roasting. Raw peanuts were oven roasted at 135 to 204 °C, microwave roasted for 1 to 3 min, or combination roasted by microwave and oven roasting for various times and temperatures. Volatiles were measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. L* values were used to categorize peanuts as under‐roasted, ideally roasted, and over‐roasted. The total roasting time in order to achieve ideal color was not shortened by most of the combination treatments compared to their oven roasted equivalents. Oven before microwave roasting compared to the reverse was found to significantly increase the L* value. Peanuts with the same color had different volatile levels. Hexanal concentrations decreased then increased with roasting. Pyrazine levels increased as roasting time increased, although oven at 177 °C treatments had the highest and microwave treatments had the lowest levels. Volatile levels generally increased as roasting time or temperature increased. Oven 177 °C for 15 min generally had the highest level of volatiles among the roasting treatments tested. Soft independent modeling of class analogies based on volatile levels showed that raw peanuts were the most different, commercial samples were the most similar to each other, and oven, microwave, and combination roasting were all similar in volatile profile.
Assessing trap and lure effectiveness for the monitoring of Sirex noctilio
Authors: Hurley Brett P. , Garnas Jeff , Cooperband Miriam F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Lure‐baited traps are an important tool for monitoring the spread and establishment of the Sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio. The utility of these traps, however, is limited in areas with low wasp populations as a result of the reliance on a plant volatile (kairomone) lure in the absence of an identified pheromone. Knowledge of the optimal trap type and deployment strategy is also lacking.
We tested the effectiveness of a putative pheromone in baited traps, by means of a series of field trials in South Africa, over a 3‐year period. We also examined the influence of lure type, trap type and trap height on capture success.
The pheromone was found to be ineffective as an attractant under South African field conditions for both male and female wasps. Lure type, trap type and trap height were found to have little to no effect on female wasp catch. Given the moderately strong responses to the blend under wind tunnel and laboratory conditions, we suggest possible aspects of the biology and life history of S. noctilio that may influence lure effectiveness.
The traditional black intercept panel traps with kairomone lure remains the best trap for S. noctilio, at least where populations are high.
Structure and composition of snake assemblages across three types of plantation in south‐eastern Nigeria
Authors: Akani Godfrey C. , Petrozzi Fabio , Eniang Edem A. , Luiselli Luca 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAssemblage structure, diversity measures and diversity/dominance patterns of snakes were studied between 1996 and 2013 in three types of plantation in the Niger River delta of southern Nigeria. The investigated plantation types were pineapple, banana/plantain, and cassava/yam. Over 74% of the census species (n = 27) were found in all three plantation types, with, overall, just two singletons (Bitis nasicornis, Lamprophis olivaceus) being observed. Despite an overall similarity in the taxonomic species composition, a principal component analysis placed the three plantation types in distinct zones of the multivariate space. Diversity/dominance diagrams for the three plantation types showed that banana/plantain and cassava/yam were nearly identical in terms of evenness profile, whereas the pineapple plantation had a higher evenness.
Fair Trade Awareness and Engagement: A Coffee Farmer's Perspective
Authors: Fergus Andrew H. T. , Gray Adina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAs one of the world's most traded commodities, coffee has been criticized for its contribution to environmental degradation, social injustice, and economic disparities between the producing regions of the Global South and consuming countries of the Global North. However, the Fair Trade concept is promising to change this through the establishment of a trading system where producers, importers, and processors form a more direct network characterized by an established set of ethical principles and practices deemed as “fair.” While the transformational benefits of Fair Trade at the producer level have been examined in several impact studies, the farmers' low awareness and understanding of Fair Trade concepts, principles, markets, and customers represent an issue of concern. Among the many benefits associated with increased Fair Trade awareness is greater participation in Fair Trade governance bodies and the long‐term viability of the market itself.This research looks at Fair Trade from the perspective of farmers and their cooperative and uses the case of Cooperativa Agraria Cafetalera Pangoa, Peru, to examine how Fair Trade awareness (defined as knowledge of different areas of Fair Trade) is understood at the producer level. We then develop a three‐level Fair Trade awareness Model that illustrates both the existing and desired levels of understanding with regard to Fair Trade awareness.
The Gatekeeping Function of Trust in Cross‐sector Social Partnerships
Authors: Venn Ronald , Berg Nicola 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHunger and deprivation, lack of education, sanitation, and health care are only a few pressing issues related to poverty in developing countries. Addressing such complex social issues requires pooling complementary resources of the civil, public, and private sector. Over the last decade, stakeholders tried to cocreate innovative solutions in cross‐sector social partnerships (CSSPs) at the base of the economic pyramid (BoP), but collaboration proved to be very challenging. Practitioners become increasingly frustrated with operational differences, intransparency, and mismatched goals in partnerships. This study unravels the black box of collaboration and delivers empirical insights on trust and power inCSSPsbased on social exchange theory. Structural equation modeling (SEM) enables us explore relationships beyond case‐based insights. Our rigorous empirical analysis covers 207 interorganizational relationships and outlines a crucial gatekeeping function of trust inCSSPs. Findings provide strong empirical support for conceptual works calling for an “integrative orientation” inCSSPs. Furthermore, we pinpoint the role of intermediates and draw implications for future research.
When and How to Pursue Corporate Social Responsibility with Core Competencies
Authors: Webb Michael A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe first establish that the pursuit of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can enhance the society's welfare when both market and government imperfections occur, and demonstrate this is likely in most locales across the world. Second, we show that CSR initiatives are most likely successful and sustainable when a firm accurately identifies the benefits and costs of potential CSR initiatives and implements them consistent with its core competencies. We provide three reasons for a firm to focus CSR initiatives on core competencies: to reap economies of scale and scope in building company‐wide knowledge and skills; to promote worker productivity that is integral to the firm; and to exploit the fixed costs associated with managing workers. Each reason provides a distinct way to minimize the costs and increase the gains from pursuing CSR initiatives and provides implications for implementing CSR initiatives.
Oligoclonal bands in patients with multiple myeloma: Its emergence per se could not be translated to improved survival
Authors: Fujisawa Manabu , Seike Keisuke , Fukumoto Kouta , Suehara Yasuhito , Fukaya Masafumi , Sugihara Hiroki , Takeuchi Masami , Matsue Kosei 
Published: September 2014

The emergence of oligoclonal bands (OB) has been reported in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after stem cell transplantation (SCT) or successful chemotherapy. However, their clinical relevance remains unclear. We reviewed the clinical records of MM patients from January 2006 to May 2014. Treatment response was evaluated by International Working Group (IMWG) criteria. Serum immunofixation tests were performed at least every 3 months if the patient achieved more than very good partial response (VGPR). Free light chain (FLC) and minimal residual disease measurement by multicolor flow cytometry (MFC) were performed to evaluate the response to treatment. Among the 163 patients included in the study, 40 developed OB. Detection rates of OB in patients with complete response (CR), VGPR and partial response (PR) or less were 51.8, 36.3 and 0%, respectively. Patients with OB showed better progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than those without OB (P = 0.028 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, if the patients were limited to ≥VGPR or CR, development of OB did not affect PFS (P = 0.621 and P = 0.646, respectively) or OS (P = 0.189 and P = 0.766, respectively). OB was observed in 60% of patients after SCT, and in 36.6% of patients with more than VGPR without SCT (P < 0.001). Patients with OB tended to have less minimal residual disease than those without OB (P = 0.054) and its presence may affect the stringent CR criteria. In conclusion, the emergence of OB was seen exclusively in patients with favorable responses, but its emergence per se could not be translated to improved survival.
α-Galactosylceramide stimulates splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and increases antibody production in vivo in late neonatal-age mice
Authors: Chen Q , Ross A C 
Published: September 2014

Summary
The neonatal stage is characterized by weak responses to various infections and vaccines, thus the development of efficient formulas to improve vaccine effectiveness is of high priority. The glycolipid alpha galactosylceramide (αGalCer) is known as a potent immune modulator due mainly to natural killer (NK) T cell activation. Using a mouse tetanus toxoid (TT) immunization model, we observed that neonatal mice given αGalCer at the time of primary immunization on postnatal day (pnd) 17 had a significantly higher TT-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M response as well as a memory IgG response, while αGalCer given on pnd 7 resulted in only marginal boosting. Consistently, immunostaining of the spleen sections from αGalCer-treated pnd 17 immunized neonates showed a higher number of Ki67+ cells in the splenic germinal centre area, suggesting a stronger response after immunization. In-vitro kinetic studies revealed that spleen cells from newborn to pnd 7 neonates did not respond to αGalCer stimulation, whereas cell proliferation was increased markedly by αGalCer after pnd 7, and became dramatic around neonatal pnd 17–18, which was accompanied by increased B, T and NK T cell populations in the spleen. In addition, in pnd 17 spleen cells, αGalCer significantly stimulated the production of NK T cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ, and promoted the proliferation of CD23+B cells, a subset of B cells enriched in germinal centres. These data suggest that αGalCer is an effective immune stimulus in the late neonatal stage, and thus may be useful in translational studies to test as a potential adjuvant to achieve a more efficient response to immunization.
Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) autoantibody epitope specificity and affinity examined with recombinant ZnT8 variant proteins in specific ZnT8R and ZnT8W autoantibody-positive type 1 diabetes patients
Authors: Skärstrand H , Krupinska E , Haataja T J K , Vaziri-Sani F , Lagerstedt J O , Lernmark Å 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Variant-specific zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8A) against either arginine (R) or tryptophan (W) at amino acid (aa) position 325 of the zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) has been identified in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. Reciprocal cross-over tests revealed differences in half-maximal binding to indicate variable affinity of patient ZnT8 autoantibodies. Insufficient recombinant ZnT8 variant proteins have precluded detailed analyses of ZnT8 autoantibody affinity. The aims in the present study were to (i) generate recombinant ZnT8R- and ZnT8W-aa275-369 proteins; (ii) test the ZnT8R- and ZnT8W-aa275-369 proteins in reciprocal competitive radiobinding assays (RBA) against ZnT8R- and ZnT8W-aa268-369 labelled with 35S-methionine; and (iii) determine the specificity and affinity of sera specific for either ZnT8 arginine (R) or ZnT8 tryptophan (W) autoantibodies in newly diagnosed T1D patients. The results demonstrate, first, that it was possible to produce recombinant human MBP–ZnT8-aa275-369 protein purified to homogeneity for RBA reciprocal competition experiments. Secondly, high-titre ZnT8WA sera diluted to half maximal binding showed significant specificity for respective variants of either ZnT8R or ZnT8W. Thirdly, ZnT8WA-positive sera showed high affinity for ZnT8W compared to ZnT8RA for ZnT8R. These data demonstrate that T1D patients may have single amino acid-specific autoantibodies directed against either ZnT8R or ZnT8W and that the autoantibody affinity to the respective variant may be different. Further studies are needed to assess the mechanisms by which variant-specific ZnT8A of variable affinity develop and their possible role in the pathogenic process leading to the clinical onset of T1D.
An Accuracy Study of Computer‐Planned Implant Placement in the Augmented Maxilla Using Mucosa‐Supported Surgical Templates
Authors: Verhamme Luc M. , Meijer Gert J. , Bergé Stefaan J. , Soehardi Rik A. , Xi Tong , de Haan Anton F.J. , Schutyser Filip , Maal Thomas J.J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the clinically relevant accuracy of implant placement in the augmented maxilla using computer planning and a mucosa‐supported surgical template.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five consecutive edentulous patients with an extreme maxillar alveolar ridge resorption were treated with a bone augmentation procedure. In a second stage, sixBrånemarkMkIII Groovy (NobelBiocare®,Zürich,Switzerland) implants were installed. Preoperatively, a cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scan was acquired, followed by virtual implant planning and flapless implant placement using a surgical template. A postoperativeCBCTscan was acquired and registered to the preoperative scan. TheImplantPositionOrthogonalProjection validation method was applied to measure implant deviations in both the buccolingual and mesio‐distal plane. The influence of fixation pins and the position on the dental arch were investigated with regard to implant deviations, and rotations and translations of the surgical template.ResultsOne hundred fifty implants were installed. In mesio‐distal direction, a mean implant deviation of 1.50 mm was scored at the implant tip, 1.27 mm at the shoulder, −0.60 mm in depth, as well as a mean deviation of angulation of 2.50°. In buccolingual direction, a mean implant deviation of 0.99 mm was found at the implant tip, 0.76 mm at the implant shoulder, −0.57 mm in depth, and a deviation of angulation of 2.48°. Of all implants, 53% was placed too superficial compared with the planning. The use of fixation pins and implant deviations in both buccal and mesial directions as also for rotations and translation of the surgical template showed statistically significant differences.ConclusionsComputer‐aided implant planning showed to be a clinically relevant tool. However, this study emphasizes that the surgeon should take into account that deviations are larger compared with implant placement without augmentation procedure. Deviations are mainly caused by angulations and translations of the surgical template.
Peri‐Implantitis Associated with Type of Cement: A Retrospective Analysis of Different Types of Cement and Their Clinical Correlation to the Peri‐Implant Tissue
Authors: Korsch Michael , Walther Winfried 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe cementation of fixed implant‐supported dental restorations involves the risk of leaving excess cement in the mouth which can promote biofilm formation in the peri‐implant sulcus. As a result, an inflammation may develop.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical effect of two different luting cements on the peri‐implant tissue.Materials and MethodsWithin the scope of a retrospective clinical follow‐up study, the prosthetic structures of 22 patients with 45 implants were revised. In all cases, a methacrylate cement (Premier Implant Cement [PIC], Premier® Dental Products Company, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA) had been used for cementation. In 16 additional patients with 28 implants, the suprastructures were retained with a zinc oxide‐eugenol cement (Temp Bond [TB], Kerr Sybron Dental Specialities, Glendora, CA, USA). These patients were evaluated in the course of routine treatment.ResultsIn both populations, the retention time of the suprastructures was similar (TB 3.77 years, PIC 4.07 years). In the PIC cases, 62% of all implants had excess cement. In the TB cases, excess cement was not detectable on any of the implants. Bleeding on probing was significantly more frequent on implants cemented with PIC (100% with and 94% without excess cement) than on implants cemented with TB (46%). Pocket suppuration was observed on 89% of the PIC‐cemented implants with excess cement (PIC without excess cement 24%), whereas implants with TB were not affected by it at all. The peri‐implant bone loss was significantly greater in the PIC patients (with excess cement 1.37 mm, without excess cement 0.41 mm) than it was in the TB patients (0.07 mm).ConclusionThe frequency of undetected excess cement depends essentially on the type of cement used. Cements that tend to leave more undetected excess have a higher prevalence for peri‐implant inflammation and cause a more severe peri‐implant bone loss.
The significance of parahippocampal high gamma activity for memory preservation in surgical treatment of atypical temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Kunii Naoto , Kawai Kensuke , Kamada Kyousuke , Ota Takahiro , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveResective surgery for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with a correspondent lesion has been established as an effective and safe procedure. Surgery for temporal lobe epilepsies with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis or without correspondent lesions, however, carries a higher risk of devastating memory decline, underscoring the importance of establishing the memory‐dominant side preoperatively and adopting the most appropriate procedure. In this study, we focused on high gamma activities (HGAs) in the parahippocampal gyri and investigated the relationship between memory‐related HGAs and memory outcomes after hippocampal transection (HT), a hippocampal counterpart to neocortical multiple subpial transection. The transient nature of memory worsening after HT provided us with a rare opportunity to compare HGAs and clinical outcomes without risking permanent memory disorders.MethodsWe recorded electrocorticography from parahippocampal gyri of 18 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy while they executed picture naming and recognition tasks. Memory‐related HGA was quantified by calculating differences in power amplification of electrocorticography signals in a high gamma range (60–120 Hz) between the two tasks. We compared memory‐related HGAs from correctly recognized and rejected trials (hit‐HGA and reject‐HGA). Using hit‐HGA, we determined HGA‐dominant sides and compared them with memory outcomes after HT performed on seven patients.ResultsWe observed memory‐related HGA mainly between 500 and 600 msec poststimulus. Hit‐HGA was significantly higher than reject‐HGA. Three patients who had surgery on the HGA‐dominant side experienced transient memory worsening postoperatively. The postoperative memory functions of the other four patients remained unchanged.SignificanceParahippocampal HGA was indicated to reflect different memory processes and be compatible with the outcomes of HT, suggesting that HGA could provide predictive information on whether the mesial temporal lobe can be resected without causing memory worsening. This preliminary study suggests a refined surgical strategy for atypical MTLE based on reliable memory lateralization.
Prevention of generalized tonic–clonic seizures in refractory focal epilepsy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Hemery Claire , Ryvlin Philippe , Rheims Sylvain 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectivesSecondary generalized tonic–clonic seizures (SGTCS) are among the most severe forms of seizures, and the main risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Whether some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) might be more efficacious than others on SGTCS in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy thus represents an important clinical issue for which no data are currently available.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials of adjunctive AED in which information on efficacy outcomes (i.e., responder rate and/or frequency per 28 days relative to baseline) were available both for all seizure types and for SGTCS. The primary analysis evaluated the efficacy of AEDs on all types of seizure and on SGTCS by comparing the responder rates for AED and for placebo.ResultsResponder rate was available both for all seizure types and for SGTCS in 13 of the 72 eligible trials, evaluating 7 AEDs. Only three AEDs—lacosamide, perampanel and topiramate—showed greater efficacy than placebo. However, confidence intervals of relative risks overlapped for all AEDs but pregabalin, which demonstrated significantly lower efficacy than lacosamide, perampanel, and topiramate. Moreover, there was a nonsignificant trend toward a lower relative risk of responder rate for SGTCS than for all seizure types, which appeared related to a greater response to placebo for this outcome.SignificanceIndirect comparison of AEDs using randomized placebo‐controlled add‐on trials does not support robust differences between AEDs to prevent SGTCS. Alternative designs for evaluation of therapeutic interventions in patients at risk for SGTCS‐related complications are required.