bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray Analysis of Temperature‐Induced Transcriptome of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Han Yanping , Zhou Dongsheng , Pang Xin , Song Yajun , Zhang Ling , Bao Jingyue , Tong Zongzhong , Wang Jin , Guo Zhaobiao , Zhai Junhui , Du Zongmin , Wang Xiaoyi , Zhang Xiuqing , Wang Jian , Huang Peitang , Yang Ruifu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractYersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague, must acclimatize itself to temperature shifts between the temperature (26 C) for flea blockage and the body temperature (37 C) of warm‐blooded hosts during its life cycle. Here a whole‐genome DNA microarray was used to investigate transcriptional regulation upon the upshift of growth temperature from 26 to 37 C in a chemically defined medium. Four hundred and one genes were regulated differentially under the two temperatures. About 39% of these genes were up‐regulated at 37 C, whereas 61% were down‐regulated. Temperature‐induced changes occurred at the level of transcription of genes encoding proven or predicted virulence factors, regulators, metabolism‐associated proteins, prophages, and hypothetical proteins. Strikingly, many gene clusters displayed a co‐transcription pattern in response to temperature upshift. Our data provided a genome‐wide profile of gene transcription induced by temperature shift and should shed light on the pathogenicity and host‐microbe interaction of this deadly pathogen.
Antibodies to Human‐Related H3 Influenza A Virus in Baikal Seals (Phoca sibirica) and Ringed Seals (Phoca hispida) in Russia
Authors: Ohishi Kazue , Kishida Noriko , Ninomiya Ai , Kida Hiroshi , Takada Yoshitake , Miyazaki Nobuyuki , Boltunov Andrei N. , Maruyama Tadashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntibodies to influenza A virus were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera from two of seven Baikal seals (Phoca sibrica) and from five of six ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in Russia. In a hemagglutination‐inhibition test using H1–H15 reference influenza A viruses, ELISA‐positive sera from one Baikal seal and four ringed seals reacted to A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) and A/Bangkok/1/79 (H3N2) strains. One ringed seal serum sample reacted to A/seal/Massachusetts/1/80 (H7N7). The present results suggested that human‐related H3 viruses were prevalent in Baikal seals and ringed seals inhabiting the central Russian Arctic.
Epizootiological and Epidemiological Study of Hantavirus Infection in Japan
Authors: Lokugamage Nandadeva , Kariwa Hiroaki , Lokugamage Kumari , Iwasa Masahiro A. , Hagiya Tomohiro , Yoshii Kentaro , Tachi Atsushi , Ando Shuji , Fukushima Hiroshi , Tsuchiya Kimiyuki , Iwasaki Takuya , Araki Koichi , Yoshimatsu Kumiko , Arikawa Jiro , Mizutani Tetsuya , Osawa Kazutaka , Sato Hiroshi , Takashima Ikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEpizootiological surveys on hantavirus infections in rodents were carried out in various areas of Japan, including the four major islands of Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu from 2000 to 2003. A total of 1,221 rodents and insectivores were captured. Seropositive animals were found in Apodemus (A.) speciosus (5/482, 1.0%), Rattus (R.) norvegicus (4/364, 1.1%), R. rattus (3/45, 6.7%), and Clethrionomys (C.) rufocanus (7/197, 3.6%). The partial S segment was amplified from one seropositive R. rattus captured at Hakodate. The nucleotide sequence showed 96% identity with the Seoul virus (SEOV) prototype strain SR‐11. In addition, we conducted an epidemiological survey on human hantavirus infection in a high‐risk population, the personnel of the Japan Ground Self‐defense Force on Hokkaido. One out of 207 human blood samples was positive for anti‐hantavirus antibody by IFA, ELISA, and WB analysis. The result of the serotype specific ELISA indicates that this individual acquired SEOV infection. This study indicates that A. speciosus, R. norvegicus, R. rattus, and C. rufocanus carry hantaviruses as the reservoir animals in Japan. Infected R. rattus and R. norvegicus in port areas could be the sources of human SEOV infection and a threat to travelers and individuals working in seaports.
Quantum Dots Targeted to the Assigned Organelle in Living Cells
Authors: Hoshino Akiyoshi , Fujioka Kouki , Oku Taisuke , Nakamura Shun , Suga Masakazu , Yamaguchi Yukio , Suzuki Kazuo , Yasuhara Masato , Yamamoto Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have the potential to be applied to bioimaging since QDs emit higher and far longer fluorescence than conventional organic probes. Here we show that QDs conjugated with signal peptide obey the order to transport the assigned organelle in living cells. We designed the supermolecule of luminescent QDs conjugated with nuclear‐ and mitochondria‐targeting ligands. When QDs with nuclear‐localizing signal peptides were added to the culture media, we can visualize the movements of the QDs being delivered into the nuclear compartment of the cells with 15 min incubation. In addition, mitochondrial signal peptide can also transport QDs to the mitochondria in living cells. In conclusion, these techniques have the possibility that QDs can reveal the transduction of proteins and peptides into specific subcellular compartments as a powerful tool for studying intracellular analysis in vitro and even in vivo.
Growth Competition of Macrolide‐Resistant and ‐Susceptible Helicobacter pylori Strains
Authors: Kanai Kyoko , Shibayama Keigo , Suzuki Satowa , Wachino Jun‐ichi , Arakawa Yoshichika 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examined population dynamics in a mixed culture of clonally related macrolide‐resistant and ‐susceptible Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from a single patient. The resistant strain had a macrolide resistance‐conferring A2143G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. The growth rate of these two strains did not apparently differ when cultured separately. On the other hand, by conducting sequential passage of a mixed culture of the resistant and the susceptible strains, the ratio of the resistant strain to the susceptible strain in the culture typically decreased per passage, indicating that the resistance imposed a significant disadvantage on bacterial fitness in the population.
A Hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus (VMH) Stimulates Cells to Produce ATP and Cyclic AMP Which Appear to Be Secretory Mediators
Authors: Li Yunshan , Okamoto Keinosuke , Takahashi Eizo , Miyoshi Shin‐ichi , Shinoda Sumio , Tsuji Takao , Fujii Yoshio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus (VMH) is a pore‐forming toxin with both enterotoxic and hemolytic activity. The hemolysis by VMH is induced by creation of pores in the membrane of erythrocyte; however, the mechanism for the enterotoxic action of VMH has remained unclear. In order to clarify the mechanism, we incubated T84 cells (a human colon carcinoma cell line) with VMH and found that the levels of ATP and cyclic AMP of culture medium increased after exposure of the cells to VMH. Subsequently, we found that the fluid accumulating activity of VMH in a mouse internal loop assay was reduced by administration of glibenclamide, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP‐dependent chloride channels, into the intestinal loop. These results suggest that the stimulation of cells to produce nucleotides by VMH is linked to the enterotoxic activity of the toxin.
A Calcium Binding Protein, S100A4, Mediates T Cell Dependent Cytotoxicity as a Transformation‐Associated Antigen
Authors: Kondo Nobuhiko , Ichimiya Shingo , Tamura Yasuaki , Tonooka Akiko , Koshiba Shigeru , Torigoe Toshihiko , Kamiguchi Kenjiro , Takenaga Keizo , Sato9 Noriyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe nature of the target molecule of TCRγδ T cell‐mediated lysis remains to be determined. As we previously reported, #067 monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizes one of the transformation‐associated antigens, designated as #067 antigen. This antigen is expressed on the cell surface of rat fibrosarcoma W31 cells, which are established by transformation of fetal fibroblastic WFB cells with H‐ras oncogene. It has been suggested that the #067 antigen is a target molecule for TCRγδ T cells since #067 mAb inhibited TCRγδ T cell‐mediated lysis against #067 positive cells. In this study we attempted to identify the protein sequence of the #067 antigen. By using molecular cloning techniques, we demonstrated that a calcium binding protein, S100A4, was possibly one and the same molecule as the #067 antigen. It was shown that the expression of S100A4 was higher in W31 cells than in WFB cells at transcription and protein level. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemical studies showed that #067 antigen partially co‐localized with S100A4 on the cell surface as well as the cytoplasm of W31 cells. Moreover, rabbit anti‐S100A4 polyclonal antibodies (pAb) inhibited TCRγδ T cell‐mediated lysis against #067 positive cells. Our results indicated that S100A4 may play a role as a possible target molecule for TCRγδ T cell‐mediated lysis although how S100A4 is involved in TCRγδ T cell‐mediated lysis remains to be determined.
Differentiation of Anaplasmataceae through Partial groEL Gene Analysis
Authors: Park Hyo‐Soon , Lee Jung‐Hee , Jeong Eun‐Ju , Park Tae‐Kyu , Kim Tae‐Yung , Chae Joon‐Seok , Park Jin‐Ho , Klein Terry A. , Jang Won‐Jong , Park Kyung‐Hee , Lee Seung‐Hyun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe nucleotide sequences (287 bp) of the partial groEL gene from 14 reference strains of Anaplasmataceae were determined and compared. A partial groEL gene is useful for the identification and characterization of Anaplasmataceae, in spite of its short nucleotide sequences.
Intermedilysin Is Essential for the Invasion of Hepatoma HepG2 Cells by Streptococcus intermedius
Authors: Sukeno Akiko , Nagamune Hideaki , Whiley Robert A. , Jafar Syed I. , Aduse‐Opoku Joseph , Ohkura Kazuto , Maeda Takuya , Hirota Katsuhiko , Miyake Yoichiro , Kourai Hiroki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStreptococcus intermedius causes endogenous infections leading to abscesses. This species produces intermedilysin (ILY), a human‐specific cytolysin. Because of the significant correlation between higher ILY production levels by S. intermedius and deep‐seated abscesses, we constructed ily knockout mutant UNS38 B3 and complementation strain UNS38 B3R1 in order to investigate the role of ILY in deep‐seated infections. Strain UNS38 reduced the viability of human liver cell line HepG2 at infection but not of rat liver cell line BRL3A. Isogenic mutant strain UNS38 B3 was not cytotoxic in either cell line. Quantification of S. intermedius revealed that in infected HepG2 cells UNS38 but not UNS38 B3 increased intracellularly concomitantly with increasing cell damage. This difference between UNS38 and UNS38 B3 was not observed with UNS38 B3R1. Invasion and proliferation in BRL3A cells was not observed. Masking UNS38 or UNS38 B3R1 with ILY antibody drastically decreased adherence and invasion of HepG2. Moreover, coating strain UNS38 B3 with ILY partially restored adherence to HepG2 but without subsequent bacterial growth. At 1 day post‐infection, many intact UNS38 were detected in the damaged phagosomes of HepG2 with bacterial proliferation observed in the cytoplasm of dead HepG2 after an additional 2 day incubation. These results indicate that surface‐bound ILY on S. intermedius is an important factor for invasion of human cells by this bacterium and that secretion of ILY within host cells is essential for subsequent host cell death. These data strongly implicate ILY as an important factor in the pathogenesis of abscesses in vivo by this streptococcus.
Establishment of Highly Specific and Quantitative Immunoassay Systems for Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A, B, and C Using Newly‐Developed Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Sasaki Takanori , Terano Yoshitake , Shibata Tadayoshi , Kawamoto Hiroyoshi , Kuzuguchi Tsuyoshi , Kohyama Erina , Watanabe Toshihiro , Ohyama Tohru , Gemba Munekazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStaphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) activities remain after boiling or treating with proteases. The main symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea, are caused by the ingestion of SEs. Among SEs, SEA has been reported to be the major and most toxic protein. A highly specific and simple assay system is required to diagnose staphylococcal food poisoning. Therefore, the development of a suitable assay system is strongly anticipated. In this study, we have established a highly specific and sensitive avidin‐biotin sandwich ELISA (ABS‐ELISA) system for SEA, SEB, and SEC1 using newly‐developed monoclonal antibodies. The linearity of these systems obtained was in the range of 0.78–25 ng/ml for each SE, and furthermore, the lower concentrations of SEs could also be detected. The recoveries of SEs from murine serum, skim milk solution, and raw milk were found to be over 90%, suggesting that our systems could detect SEs without any interventions, such as these from milk or serum proteins. We were also able to quantify SEs in 22 specimens of culture supernatants of S. aureus isolated in past occurrences. Our established system should be very useful not only in the clinical field but also in various fields of investigation because of its quantification and simplicity in detecting SEs.
Promoter Analysis of Cytolethal Distending Toxin Genes (cdtA, B, and C) and Effect of a luxS Mutation on CDT Production in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Jeon Byeonghwa , Itoh Kikuji , Ryu Sangryeol 
Published: November 2013

AbstractQuorum sensing is known to be related to regulation of virulence factors in some pathogens. We report transcriptional analysis of cdt genes (cdtA, B, and C) encoding cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) in Campylobacter jejuni and demonstrate that a luxS mutation affects the cdt transcription in C. jejuni. The reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes constitute a polycistronic operon in C. jejuni. A putative transcriptional start site was found at 81‐bp upstream from the start codon of cdtA by the primer extension assay. A decrease in cdt transcription was observed in the luxS null mutant, which is defective in AI‐2 production. The level of cdt transcription in the luxS mutant was approximately 61% of that in the wild‐type. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the number of HeLa cells arrested in the G2/M phase, a common biological feature of CDT activity, was reduced by treatment with the cell‐free supernatant of the luxS mutant as compared to that of the wild‐type. Our observations suggest that the function of luxS is related to the regulation of cdt in C. jejuni
Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate in the Enhanced Expression of Virulence‐Associated Genes of Listeria monocytogenes inside Activated Macrophages
Authors: Makino Masato , Kawai Mariko , Kawamura Ikuo , Fujita Masashi , Gejo Fumitake , Mitsuyama Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractListeriolysin O encoded by 1,587 bp hly is the essential virulence factor of Listeria monocytogenes that replicates in the cytosolic space after escaping from phagosome of macrophages. By using murine macrophage‐like J774.1 cells with or without activation by IFN‐γ plus LPS, the expression of both hly and its positive regulator prfA was monitored by means of RT‐PCR. In activated J774.1 cells, the level of hly expression was enhanced although the multiplication of bacteria was significantly suppressed. The elevated expression of hly inside activated macrophage was abolished by addition of SOD and catalase, suggesting that reactive oxygen intermediates contribute to the upregulation of prfA and hly transcriptions. Moreover, we found that exposure of L. monocytogenes to H2O2 dramatically enhanced the expression of both prfA and hly mRNAs. Spontaneous ONOO– generator, SIN‐1, also promoted the transcription to a certain level. These results suggested that oxygen radicals generated in activated macrophages provide a positive signal for up‐regulation of virulence genes in L. monocytogenes.
Physiological Roles of Three Na+/H+ Antiporters in the Halophilic Bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Kuroda Teruo , Mizushima Tohru , Tsuchiya Tomofusa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVibrio parahaemolyticus mutants lacking three Na+/H+ antiporters (NhaA, NhaB, NhaD) were constructed. The AnhaA strains showed significantly higher sensitivity to LiCl regarding their growth compared to the parental strain. The AnhaA and AnhaB strains exhibited higher sensitivities to LiCl. The mutant XACabd lacking all of the three antiporters could not grow in the presence of 500 mM LiCl at pH 7.0, or 50 mM at pH 8.5. The XACabd mutant was also sensitive to 1.0 M NaCl at pH 8.5. These results suggest that Na+/H+ antiporters, especially NhaA, are responsible for resistance to LiCl and to high concentrations of NaCl. Reduced Na+/H+ and Li+/H+ antiport activities were observed with everted membrane vesicles of AnhaB strains. However, Li+/H+ antiport activities of AnhaB strains were two times higher than those of AnhaA strains when cells were cultured at pH 8.5. It seems that expression of nhaA and nhaB is dependent on medium pH to some extent. In addition, HQNO (2‐heptyl‐4‐hydroxyquinoline N‐oxide), which is a potent inhibitor of the respiratory Na+ pump, inhibited growth of XACabd, but not of the wild type strain. Moreover, survival rate of XACabd under hypoosmotic stress was lower than that of wild type strain. It is likely that the Na+/H+ antiporters are involved in osmoregulation under hypoosmotic stress. Based on these findings, we propose that the Na+/H+ antiporters cooperate with the respiratory Na+ pump in ionic homeostasis in V. parahaemolyticus
Proportion of Sporadic Gastroenteritis Cases Caused by Rotavirus, Norovirus, Adenovirus and Bacteria in Japan from January 2000 to December 2003
Authors: Sumi Ayako , Kobayashi Nobumichi , Ohtomo Norio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany kinds of virus and bacterium have been identified as pathogens that cause sporadic gastroenteritis (SG). Among the pathogens, rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NV; previously known as Norwalk‐like virus), and adenovirus (AdV) types 40/41 have been considered as the prevalent viruses implicated in the aetiology of childhood gastroenteritis. In the present study, we attempted to estimate monthly proportions of SG cases caused by the viral agents (RV, NV, AdV and other viruses (OV)) and bacterial agents in the whole of Japan. The estimation was carried out by using time series data of the incidence of SG and the viral and bacterial agents of SG, which were collected by a nationwide surveillance system in Japan from January 2000 to December 2003. It was confirmed that, in the dominant period of RV and NV, the proportion of RV‐associated SG and that of NV‐associated SG indicate almost same level with each other: 46–69% during February–May for RV, and 41–75% during October–December for NV.
Tepidimonas arfidensis Sp. Nov., a Novel Gram‐Negative and Thermophilic Bacterium Isolated from the Bone Marrow of a Patient with Leukemia in Korea
Authors: Ko Kwan Soo , Lee Nam Yong , Oh Won Sup , Lee Jang Ho , Ki Hyun Kyun , Peck Kyong Ran , Song Jae‐Hoon 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA Gram‐negative bacillus, SMC‐6271T, which was isolated from the bone marrow of a patient with leukemia but could not be identified by a conventional microbiologic method, was characterized by a genotypic analysis of 16S rRNA gene. Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that this bacterium was closely related to Tepidimonas ignava and other slightly thermophilic isolates but diverged distinctly from them. Analyses of cellular fatty acid composition and performance of biochemical tests confirmed that this bacterium is a distinct species from the other Tepidimonas species. Based on the evaluated phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that SMC‐6271T (=ABB 0301T =KCTC 12412T =JCM 13232T) should be classified as a new species, namely Tepidimonas arfidensis sp. nov.
A Novel Aerobactin Utilization Cluster in Vibrio vulnificus with a Gene Involved in the Transcription Regulation of the iutA Homologue
Authors: Tanabe Tomotaka , Naka Ayaka , Aso Hiroaki , Nakao Hiroshi , Narimatsu Shizuo , Inoue Yuji , Ono Tomomichi , Yamamoto Shigeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe demonstrated that Vibrio vulnificus M2799 utilizes aerobactin for growth as an exogenous siderophore under iron‐limiting conditions, concomitant with enhanced production of the 76‐kDa iron‐repressible outer membrane protein. Subsequently, by applying the Fur titration assay method to the M2799 genomic libraries followed by further cloning of the regions surrounding the candidate genes, we identified the 8.4‐kb aerobactin utilization gene cluster which consists of five genes arranged in three distinct transcriptional units. It was confirmed by disruption of the corresponding genes that the first unit forming a three‐gene operon (vatCDB) and the third unit of a single gene (iutA) encode an ATP‐binding cassette transport component and the 76‐kDa ferric aerobactin receptor, respectively. The second unit of another single gene (iutR), encodes a homologue of the GntR family of transcriptional repressors. Although transcription of the first and third units was iron‐regulated, the iutR gene was transcribed regardless of iron status in the growth medium. Construction of an iutR disruptant coupled with genetic complementation experiments suggested that the gene encodes a transcriptional repressor for iutA. This is the first example of a regulator gene involved in aerobactin‐enhanced production of IutA.
Cell‐Specific Inhibition of Paramyxovirus Maturation by Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Watanabe Hitoshi , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Shimazu Yukie , Sugahara Fumihiro , Kuwayama Masaru , Hiramatsu Akira , Kiyotani Katsuhiro , Yoshida Tetsuya , Sakaguchi Takemasa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEffects of proteasome inhibitors on the replication of a paramyxovirus in comparison with the effects on replication of an orthomyxovirus and rhabdovirus were investigated. Treatment of Sendai virus (SeV)‐infected LLC‐MK2 cells with 50 μM MG132 reduced virus growth to ca. 1/10,000, and treatment with different concentrations of MG132 reduced virus growth in a dose‐dependent manner. Released amounts of viral proteins were reduced in correspondence with decrease in infectivity. The inhibition of virus maturation was confirmed by an SeV‐like particle formation system. Lactacystin also impaired SeV growth and zLL impaired the growth to a lesser extent, suggesting involvement of proteasomes in the restriction of virus growth. In the presence of MG132, localizations of the M protein and viral F and HN glycoproteins on the cell membrane appeared to be partly dissociated, although the viral glycoproteins were normally transported to the cell surface. These results suggest that an early step of SeV assembly was disturbed by proteasome inhibitors. The relationship of the results with ubiquitin is also discussed. SeV maturation was less susceptible and resistant to MG132 in CV1 cells and A549 cells, respectively, indicating cell specificity of the drug effect. Release of vesicular stomatitis virus also showed high susceptibility to MG132 and release of influenza virus A/WSN/33 was only mildly susceptible to the drug in LLC‐MK2 cells. Effects of proteasome inhibitors on virus maturation are thus highly cell‐specific and partly virus‐specific.