bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TCR‐Independent Induction of Low Responsiveness by Chemically Fixed Cells in Alloreactive CTL Clones and Its Prevention through Cognate Cell‐Cell Interaction
Authors: Lwin Tint , Nakashima Izumi , Nagase Fumihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe established BALB/c‐derived CD8+ CTL clones D2‐22 (Vβ 6+), D2‐23 (Vβ 8+) and D2‐24 (Vβ 8+) specific for B10.D2 minor H antigen. D2‐22 and D2‐23 proliferated without producing IL‐2 in response to X‐ray‐irradiated antigenic cells, Con A, aCD3, PMA and IL‐2. Paraformaldehyde‐fixed antigenic spleen cells neither induced proliferation in the presence of costimulatory cells nor inhibited responses to irradiated antigenic cells added simultaneously. Unlike the previously reported results with IL‐2‐producing CTL clones and Th1 clones, the fixed antigenic cells failed to induce antigen‐specific unresponsiveness in these IL‐2‐nonproducing CTL clones. Instead, the responsiveness of these clones to fresh stimulation was found to be reduced severely after 2 days in the culture added with either antigenic or syngeneic fixed cells. Induction of their antigen‐nonspecific low responsiveness by the fixed cells was prevented by adding irradiated syngeneic cells into the culture or even by increasing the concentration of responder D2‐23 cells. Close contact of D2‐23 and irradiated syngeneic cells was required to prevent the reduction of the responsiveness, although this cognate cell‐cell interaction could be replaced by exogenously added IL‐2 or PMA. Cytolytic and tumor cell growth inhibitory activities of D2‐23 were also reduced by incubation with the fixed cells, which was prevented by the addition of irradiated syngeneic cells. These findings showed the unique properties of IL‐2‐nonproducing CTL clones in signal requirements for maintaining normal responsiveness for proliferation and cytolytic activity.
Monoclonal Antibody Developed against a Hemolysin of Bacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Matsuyama Junko , Yamamoto Koichiro , Miwatani Toshio , Honda Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of five hybridoma cell lines that produced monoclonal antibodies (MAb) against a hemolysin (Bt‐hemolysin) produced by Bacillus thuringiensis were established and characterized. All of these monoclonal antibodies reacted similarly not only to Bt‐hemolysin but also to a hemolysin (Bc‐hemolysin) produced by B. cereus, suggesting that the two hemolysins are immunologically indistinguishable. The MAb developed in this study was also successfully applied for rapid and simple purification of both Bt‐ and Bc‐hemolysins by immunoaffinity column chromatography. The partial N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the purified hemolysins was determined to be Ile‐Glu‐Gln‐Thr.
Functional Activities of Antibodies Directed against Surface Lipoproteins of Borrelia hermsii
Authors: Sambri Vittorio , Marangoni Antonella , Massaria Francesca , Farencena Aldo , Placa Michelangelo La , Cevenini Roberto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEnriched preparations for mouse polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies reactive with surface‐exposed epitopes (Ab‐SEE) of the 22‐kDa and 24‐kDa membrane lipoproteins of living Borrelia hermsii (HS 1 strain) cells were obtained by an antibody absorption technique using living spirochetes. In vitro, the antibody preparations both inhibited spirochetal growth and were borreliacidal in the presence of complement. The monovalent Fab antibody fragments, prepared from antibody‐enriched preparations, did not inhibit the growth of the bacteria, whereas they killed the bacteria in the presence of complement. The two‐dimension gel electrophoresis of B. hermsii cells showed that 3H‐labeled fatty acids incorporated into the 22‐kDa and 24‐kDa lipoproteins were resolved into one and three compact spots, respectively. The spots were recognized by the Ab‐SEE preparations reactive with the 22‐kDa and 24‐kDa proteins, by Western blotting.
Characterization of Streptococcus sanguis Isolated from Patients with Behçet's Disease
Authors: Yokota Kenji , Hayashi Shynji , Araki Yoshio , Isogai Emiko , Kotake Satoshi , Yoshikawa Kouji , Fujii Nobuhiro , Hirai Yoshikazu , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe DNA homology and cell wall sugar constituents of eight Streptococcus sanguis(‐like) strains, three isolated from the patients with Behçet's disease (BD114‐23, BD113‐20, BD118‐1), two from patients with Kawasaki disease (MCLS‐1, MCLS‐2), and three type and reference strains of ATCC (ATCC10556T: S. sanguis, ATCC10557: S. oralis, and ATCC10558T: S. gordonii) were analyzed. Strains BD114‐23 and BD118‐1 showed high DNA homology to ATCC10556T, and their cell wall constituents were identical. Conversely, BD113‐20, MCLS‐1, MCLS‐2, and ATCC10557 showed little DNA homology to ATCC10556T and ATCC10558T, but showed approximately 50 to 60% homology to each other. The cell wall constituents of BD113‐20, MCLS‐1, MCLS‐2, and ATCC10557, however, were somewhat different, indicating that some of the clinical isolates have different characters from those of the three ATCC strains.
Isolation, and Virulence Profiles, of Aeromonas hydrophila Implicated in an Outbreak of Food Poisoning in Sweden
Authors: Krovacek Karel , Dumontet Stefano , Eriksson Erik , Baloda Suraj B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA case of food poisoning outbreak involving Aeromonas hydrophila is reported in this study. A group of 27 people consumed a typical Swedish food “landgång” which is a type of smörgåsbord containing shrimps with mayonnaise, liver paté, ham, sausage, and legume salad which was purchased from a food store. Twenty‐two of the 27 persons became ill within 20‐34 hr of consumption of the food and reported the symptoms ranging from severe acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever and vomiting. One person also fainted. The symptoms lasted for a couple of days. Of the remaining 5 healthy persons who consumed the left‐over food the next day, 2 became ill with similar symptoms. The bacteriological examination of left‐over food samples resulted in the isolation of A. hydrophila from shrimps with mayonnaise, smoked sausage, liver paté and boiled ham. The total number of A. hydrophila in these foods were log 106 to log >107 organisms per gram of food sample. A. hydrophila was however, not isolated from legume/mayonnaise salad samples. All the food samples tested showed low numbers of other expected food contaminating organisms such as coliforms at 37 C and 44 C, fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, fungi and yeast etc., while Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens and Salmonella spp. were not detected in the food samples. Investigations of the virulence profiles of the A. hydrophila isolates showed their capacity to produce β‐hemolysin, cytotoxins, cytotonic toxins, enterotoxins, and adhesion to and invasion of human intestinal (Henle 407) cells in culture.
The Measurement of Swimming Velocity of Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Using the Video Tracking Method
Authors: Shigematsu Mika , Meno Yuko , Misumi Hiroyasu , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe swimming velocities of two monotrichous flagellated bacteria were measured by a computer‐assisted video tracking method. Tracing the moving path of the individual bacterium revealed that the bacterial cell did not swim continuously in a straight direction, but frequently changed swimming direction and velocity. The average swimming velocities calculated from the 3‐sec path were 75.4 ±9.4 μm/sec in four strains of Vibrio cholerae and 513 ±8.4 μm/sec in five strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that V. cholerae swim faster than P. aeruginosa at 30 C in nutrient broth. This method is useful for a detailed analysis of bacterial movement and moving patterns in different environmental conditions.
Monomer of the B Subunit of Heat‐Labile Enterotoxin from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Has Little Ability to Bind to GM1 Ganglioside Compared to Its Coligenoid
Authors: Tsuji Takao , Watanabe Katsumi , Miyama Akio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractColigenoid, composed of the B subunit of heat‐labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, was separated into monomers in the presence of 2% propionic acid containing 6 M urea (pH 3.8). Monomers equilibrated against 0.75% or 0.5% propionic acid containing 3 M urea (pH 3.8) did not reassemble into coligenoid. Complexes of GM1 ganglioside and coligenoid in these buffers were detected by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but those of the GM1 ganglioside and monomers were not. The binding ability of monomer to GM1 ganglioside in these buffers was about 1% of that of normal coligenoid by GM1‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, monomers in these buffers reassembled into coligenoid by buffering against original TEAN buffer, and the binding ability of the resulting coligenoid to GM1 ganglioside was identical to that of native coligenoid. These data suggest that although coligenoid formation is important for the receptor binding of the B subunit, little binding ability to GM1 ganglioside remains in monomer of the B subunit.
Construction of a Combined NotI/SmaI Physical and Genetic Map of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis Strain ATCC25238
Authors: Furihata Kakuya , Sato Kaori , Matsumoto Hideki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUsing pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern hybridization techniques, a physical map of Moraxella catarrhalis strain ATCC25238 was constructed to provide basic genetic knowledge of this bacterium that has attracted attention in recent years as a human pathogen. Restriction endonuclease NotI cut the genome into 10 fragments and SmaI into 9, and the molecular size of the genome was estimated to be 1,940 kilobases. Location of the 12 genes participating in the biosynthesis of purine, pyrimidine and nine kinds of amino acids were determined on the circular physical map of the strain.
Analysis of the Relationship between Cellular Thymidine Kinase Activity and Virulence of Thymidine Kinase‐Negative Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2
Authors: Suzutani Tatsuo , Koyano Shin , Takada Minoru , Yoshida Itsuro , Azuma Masanobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe virulence of thymidine kinase‐negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1; VRTK− strain) and type 2 (HSV‐2; UWTK− strain) was studied in comparison with that of their parental strains (VR‐3 and UW‐268, respectively) in an encephalitis model of adult (4‐week‐old) and newborn (3‐day‐old) mice. Viral thymidine kinase (TK) activity was essential for the maximum expression of virulence of HSV‐1, because the 50% lethal dose (LD50) of VRTK− was 60 times higher than that of VR‐3 in the brains of newborn mice expressing high levels of cellular TK activity. However, the UWTK− strain showed the same virulence as the parental strain in newborn mice, despite the lack virulence in adults, suggesting that replication of the UWTK− strain was completely supported by cellular TK activity. This difference in the role of viral and cellular TKs for virus growth between HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 was confirmed with the one‐step growth of virus strains in L‐M and L‐M(TK−) cells.
Growth and Cytopathogenicity of Herpes Simplex Virus in a Macrophage Cell Line, RAW264: A Good Indicator of Intraperitoneal Pathogenicity
Authors: Jiang Yue‐Mei , Daikoku Tohru , Yamamoto Mitsuaki , Morishima Tsuneo , Nishiyama Yukihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMacrophages are known to play a critical role in host resistance to herpes simplex virus (HSV). In this study, we investigate the interaction between various HSV strains with different virulence and a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264. Highly attenuated strains replicated poorly in RAW264 cells and were cleared from the cultures. For the eleven viruses tested, there was good correlation between intraperitoneal pathogenicity for adult mice and replication in RAW264 cells. It was also shown that interferon α/β was involved in restricted replication of some strains.
Specific Deposition of Passively Transferred Monoclonal Antibodies against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Rat Brain Infected with the Virus
Authors: Tamada Koh‐ichi , Fujinaga Shigeki , Watanabe Rihito , Yamashita Ryoko , Takeuchi Yoshinao , Osano Mitsuru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe kinetics of human monoclonal antibody (anti‐gB) to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) were investigated after intravenous injection of anti‐gB into an HSV‐1 encephalitis animal model. Immunohistochemical study revealed specific deposition of passively tansferred anti‐gB in the hippocampus and thalamus of the infected rat brain, and it bound to the same neurons in which HSV‐1 antigen was positively stained. To examine the macroscopic distribution of anti‐gB in the infected brain, we undertook an 125I‐labeled anti‐gB injection study, and the same distribution of 125I‐labeled anti‐gB deposition was observed by brain semimicroautoradiography as in the immunohistochemical study. These results suggest that anti‐gB easily permeates the capillary wall and is deposited in the inflammatory site where HSV‐1‐specific antigen is detectable. The use of radioisotope‐labeled anti‐gB injection and external brain imaging could lead to a noninvasive diagnostic tool for the early detection of HSV‐1 antigen in cases of suspected HSV‐1 encephalitis.
Flow Cytometric Analysis Using Lipophilic Dye PKH‐2 for Adhesion of Vibrio cholerae to Intestine 407 Cells
Authors: Taguchi Haruhiko , Osaki Takako , Yamaguchi Hiroyuki , Kamiya Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA comparative study of indirect and direct flow cytometric analysis for adherence of Vibrio cholerae to Intestine 407 cells was performed. The direct flow cytometric analysis employed the lipophilic dye PKH‐2. It was concluded that direct flow cytometry using the lipophilic dye PKH‐2 is useful and convenient for analyzing bacterium‐host cell interactions, since it does not require any specific antibody as the first antibody.
Recognition of Nonstructural Protein Peptides by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Raised against Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Murali‐Krishna Kaja , Ramireddy Bommireddy , Ravi Vasanthapuram , Manjunath Ramanathapuram 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have previously reported that Lyt2+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can be raised against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in BALB/c mice. In order to confirm the presence of H‐2Kd‐restricted CTL and to examine their cross‐recognition of West Nile virus (WNV), we tested the capacity of anti‐JEV CTL to lyse uninfected syngeneic target cells that were pulsed with synthetic peptides. The sequence of the synthetic peptides was predicted based upon the H‐2Kd binding consensus motif. We show here that preincubation of uninfected syngeneic targets (P388D1) with JEV NS1‐ and NS3‐derived peptides [NS1 (891‐899) and NS3 (1804‐1812)], but not with JEV NS5‐derived peptide [NS5 (3370‐3378)], partially sensitized them for lysis by polyclonal anti‐JEV CTL. These results indicate the CTL recognition of NS1‐ and NS3‐derived peptides of JEV.
Suppression of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Activity by Culture Supernatants of Mycoplasmas
Authors: Shang Hong , Miyakawa Yozo , Sasaki Tsuguo , Nakashima Hideki , Ito Masahiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCoinfection with mycoplasmas has been shown to enhance cytopathic changes in T lymphocytes in culture brought about by human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1), accelerate disease progression, and suppress reverse transcriptase (RT) activity simultaneously. We attempted to identify the components in culture supernatants of mycoplasmas which suppress RT activity. The marked inhibitory effect on RT by culture supernatants was dependent upon Mg2+. The culture supernatants exhibited the activities of DNase and RNase, which degraded the products and substrates in RT assay, respectively. Gel filtration studies revealed that two major protein peaks, peak 1 (MW 67‐100 kDa) and peak 2 (MW 10‐25 kDa), exhibited DNase and/or RNase activities, and that both peaks contained a significant degree of inhibitory activity on RT. These results indicate that suppression of RT activity by the culture supernatants of mycoplasmas is due to DNase and RNase activities in the culture supernatants. The results of the present investigation suggest that RT assay of certain biological materials that are contaminated with mycoplasmas must be conducted carefully.
Reduced Anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa Activity of a Cephalosporin, Cefodizime, in Rats Whose Neutrophils Were Selectively Depleted by a Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Araki Akemi , Sendo Fujiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to clarify the mechanisms of the in vivo antibacterial activity of a cephalosporin, cefodizime (CDZM), the effect of this antibiotic on Pseudomonas aeruginosa E7 infection was examined in rats whose neutrophils had been selectively depleted by monoclonal antibody RP‐3. CDZM was less effective in RP‐3‐treated rats than in untreated rats. However, treatment of rats with recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) augmented the in vivo activity of this antibiotic. Furthermore, the in vivo antibacterial activity of two other cephalosporins, cefpimizole (CPIZ) and cefoperazone (CPZ), was bilaterally affected by a rise or fall in the neutrophil number, although to a lesser degree than was the case with CDZM. Taken together, neutrophils play an important role in the in vivo antibacterial activity of certain cephalosporins.
Electron Microscopic Observation of the Antibody‐Induced Capsular Swelling Phenomenon in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Meno Yuko , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe capsular swelling phenomenon of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain 277 was examined morphologically using the electron microscopy techniques of freeze‐substitution. The capsules of strain 277 measured about 52 nm in thickness, and were composed of a number of fine fibers. After treating the bacteria with anti‐capsular serum, the size of the capsules increased to about twice the normal size and they lost their electron density. The capsular fibers that are tightly packed in normal cells became loose and thus the identification of the individual capsular fibers was difficult in the swollen capsules. Capsule swelling was induced by washing the cells with phosphate‐buffered saline. The removal of either divalent cations or some other materials might thus be important for maintaining the normal capsule structure. The mechanism of the swelling phenomenon was also discussed.
Sulfonamide Resistance Gene in a Transferable R Plasmid of Pasteurella piscicida
Authors: Kim Eun‐Heui , Aoki Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe sulfonamide resistance (SAr) determinant was cloned from a transferable R plasmid of Pasteurella piscicida, pSP9351, and the sequence was determined. The resistance gene (pp‐sul) was localized to an approximately 1‐kb region that includes the PstI‐EcoRI site in the restriction map. An open reading frame coding a sul II‐type gene composed of 810 nucleotides was identified. A direct repeat sequence was shown in the 5′ flanking region of pp‐sul, and a plasmid recombinational event may have occurred during the construction of pSP9351. In the 3′ flanking region of the gene, a sequence homologous to the 5′ noncoding sequence of the trimethoprim resistance gene, dhfr IX was found.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection‐Associated Markers in Sera from Blood Donors in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Darmadi Siswanto , Soetjipto  , Handajani Retno , Lusida Maria Inge , Soemarto  , Sakugawa Hiroshi , Ishido Satoshi , Hotta Hak 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmong 2,233 sera obtained from volunteer blood donors, 259 (11.6%) showed elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. A second‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that 23 (8.9%) of the 259 sera were positive for antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV), whereas only 9 (1.4%) of 646 sera randomly collected from blood donors with normal ALT levels were positive (P<0.001). The overall prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies among blood donors was estimated to be 2.3%. HCV RNA was detected in 19 (83%) of the 23 anti‐HCV‐positive sera with elevated ALT levels, and 8 (89%) of the 9 sera with normal ALT levels. Among the anti‐HCV‐positive sera, IgM anti‐HCV was detected in 5 (22%) of 23 sera with elevated ALT levels and in 2 (22%) of 9 sera with normal ALT levels. All of the IgM anti‐HCV‐positive sera were positive for HCV RNA, irrespective of ALT levels.
Biological Mimicry of the Bluetongue Virus Core Protein VP7 by Rabbit Anti‐Idiotype
Authors: Lin Min , Zhou En‐Min 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA subpopulation of rabbit polyclonal anti‐idiotypic antibody (anti‐Id) was previously produced to a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) (M1875) specific for the bluetongue virus core protein VP7. In this report, mimicry of VP7 by this anti‐Id (designated RAb2‐A) was functionally analyzed through immunization of Balb/c mice with RAb2‐A or purified VP7. Animals immunized with RAb2‐A were able to produce an M1875‐like Ab3 antibody response with idiotype and epitope specificity resembling that of M1875 without subsequent exposure to the nominal antigen. This conclusion was supported by experiments showing that the RAb2‐A‐induced Ab3 antibodies (i) reacted specifically with the immunizing anti‐Id; (ii) were capable of binding VP7; (iii) inhibited M1875 from binding to VP7; and (iv) inhibited M1875 from binding to RAb2‐A. Similarly, mice immunized with purified VP7 also produced antibodies that exhibited characteristics such as idiotype and epitope specificity in common with M1875. No antibody response to VP7 was detected in control groups of mice immunized with either normal rabbit IgG or BHK‐21 cell components. Therefore, it can be concluded that rabbit anti‐Id RAb2‐A mimics an M1875‐defined VP7 epitope sufficiently to function as a surrogate antigen for inducing an anti‐bluetongue virus response.
Involvement of Two Types of TNF Receptor in TNF‐α Induced Neutrophil Apoptosis
Authors: Gon Songi , Gatanaga Tetsuya , Sendo Fujiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induces rapid human neutrophil apoptosis. In this paper, we examined which of the TNF receptors, p55 kDa TNF receptor (55‐R) or p75 kDa TNF receptor (75‐R), or both are involved in this process using specific rabbit antisera. Antibodies to 55‐R (anti55‐R) or 75‐R (anti75‐R) alone did not induce neutrophil apoptosis. Further addition of cycloheximide and anti‐rabbit immunoglobulin to anti55‐R but not to anti75‐R accelerated apoptosis, although anti75‐R augmented the capacity of anti55‐R to do so. These results suggest that 55‐R is a prerequisite for TNF‐α induced neutrophil apoptosis.