bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Synthesis of the C14–C26 Building Block of Eribulin Mesylate
Authors: Murthy Akondi Srirama , Mahipal Bodugum , Chandrasekhar Srivari 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAn alternative route for the synthesis of the C14–C26 building block of the anticancer drug eribulin mesylate is described. The key steps involved in the synthesis are a Julia–Kocienski olefination between aldehyde 4 and sulfone 5 and a tandem Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation/SN2 cyclisation reaction on mesyl compound 3.
Overexpression of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor and frequent mutational inactivation of SDHA in wild‐type SDHB‐negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Belinsky Martin G. , Rink Lori , Flieder Douglas B. , Jahromi Mona S. , Schiffman Joshua D. , Godwin Andrew K. , von Mehren Margaret 
Published: October 2012

AbstractApproximately 15% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in adults and 85% in children lack mutations in KIT and PDGFRA and are known as wild‐type GISTs. Wild‐type GISTs from adults and children express high levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) and exhibit stable genomes compared to mutant GISTs. Pediatric wild‐type GISTs, GISTs from the multitumor Carney–Stratakis syndrome, and the Carney triad share other clinicopathological properties (e.g., early‐onset, multifocal GISTs with epitheliod cell morphology), suggesting a common etiology. Carney–Stratakis is an inherited association of GIST and paragangliomas caused by germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) genes. The connection between defective cellular respiration and GIST pathology has been strengthened by the utilization of SDHB immunohistochemistry to identify SDH deficiency in pediatric GISTs, syndromic GISTs, and some adult wild‐type GISTs. SDHB and IGF1R expression was examined in 12 wild‐type and 12 mutant GIST cases. Wild‐type GISTs were screened for coding‐region alterations in SDH genes and for chromosomal aberrations using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism and MIP arrays. SDHB‐deficiency, identified in 11/12 wild‐type GIST cases, was tightly associated with overexpression of IGF1R protein and transcript. Biallelic inactivation of the SDHA gene was a surprisingly frequent event, identified in 5 of 11 SDHB‐negative cases, generally due to germline point mutations accompanied by somatic SDHA allelic losses. As a novel finding, inactivation of the SDHC gene from a combination of a heterozygous coding‐region mutation and hypermethylation of the wild‐type allele was found in one SDHB‐negative case. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumour burden at diagnosis as the main clinical predictor of cell resistance in patients with early stage, favourable Hodgkin lymphoma treated with VBM chemotherapy plus radiotherapy
Authors: Gobbi Paolo G. , Bergonzi Manuela , Bassi Emilio , Merli Francesco , Coriani Chiara , Federico Massimo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe verified whether early resistance to treatment can be predicted in a subset of patients with very favourable, early stage Hodgkin lymphoma, treated with VBM (vinblastine, bleomycin and methotrexate) chemotherapy and involved‐field radiotherapy, an effective combination with very low early and late toxicity. The relative tumour burden (rTB) was volumetrically measured from the staging computed tomography and analysed together with the parameters of pre‐therapy evaluation in 61 patients enrolled into the protocol MH‐1b of the Gruppo Italiano Studio Linfomi between 1996 and 2003. Early failure, codified by either less than complete remission (i.e. partial/null response or progression) or early relapse (within 12 months from the end of therapy), was considered as clinical expression of resistance to treatment. Logistic regression and failure‐free survival were the statistical tools for the analysis. The rTB demonstrated to be the best predictor of early failure, outperforming every other pre‐treatment parameter, International Prognostic Score included. With a mean rTB value of 44.964 ± 34.788 cm3/m2 in the 53 patients successfully treated and of 130.185 ± 63.993 cm3/m2 in the eight with early treatment failure, the risk of resistance showed fivefold and 10‐fold increases at rTB of 52.002 and 74.497 cm3/m2, respectively. Only two patients relapsed more than 12 months after the end of therapy; both had a high initial rTB. The rTB is the best predictor of resistance also in the subset of patients with very favourable, early stage disease. Safe rTB limits are proposed for successful administration of VBM chemotherapy plus involved‐field radiotherapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bortezomib as salvage treatment for heavily pretreated relapsed lymphoma patients: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Pellegrini Cinzia , Merla Emanuela , Ballerini Filippo , Fabbri Alberto , Guarini Attilio , Pavone Vincenzo , Quintini Gerlando , Puccini Benedetta , Vigliotti Maria Luigia , Stefoni Vittorio , Derenzini Enrico , Broccoli Alessandro , Gandolfi Letizia , Quirini Federica , Casadei Beatrice , Argnani Lisa , Baccarani Michele 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCurrent treatments for non‐Hodgkin lymphomas are not optimally effective. Among new agents, bortezomib seems to play a pivotal role in the regulation of several cell pathways involved in the development of lymphomas. After results were obtained with clinical trials, we aimed to observe treatment with bortezomib in everyday clinical practice. We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis to assess the efficacy of bortezomib in heavily pretreated (median number of previous therapies 4, range 2–6) lymphoma patients in an off‐label setting. Bortezomib therapy was scheduled for 4–6 cycles (1.3 mg/m2 biweekly). Data from 50 patients were collected: 22% had a complete remission, 26% obtained a partial response and the remaining 52% was non‐responder. According to histotype, we observed an overall response rate (ORR) of 51.6% in mantle cell lymphomas, an ORR of 60% among follicular lymphoma patients, and an ORR of 50% in the indolent nonfollicular lymphomas. None of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma patients obtained a response. Extra‐hematological toxicity was really mild, and peripheral neuropathy occurred in only 5 patients; hematological toxicity was grades 3–4 thrombocytopenia in nine patients and grades 3–4 neutropenia in only three patients. In conclusion, treatment with bortezomib as single agent resulted safe and effective in a subset of heavily pretreated lymphoma patients with usually poor outcome. New future hypotheses of investigation are indicated. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of user fees for caesareans and under‐fives in northern Sudan: a review of policy implementation and effectiveness
Authors: Witter Sophie , Khalid Mousa Khalda , Abdel‐Rahman Manar E. , Hussein Al‐Amin Rania , Saed Mohammed 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn 2008, the Government of Sudan launched a policy of free curative care for under‐fives and caesareans. This paper presents the findings of a review of this policy, on the basis of research conducted in five focal states of northern Sudan in 2010. Policy implementation was assessed using four research tools: key informant interviews, exit interviews, a facility survey, and analysis of facility finances and the cost of the package of care.The findings point to important weaknesses in implementation, such as unclear specification of the exact target group and package of care and inadequate funding. Despite this, service utilisation appears to have responded, at least in the short term. The findings also highlight the urgent need for improved access to basic health care and financial protection against health care costs in northern Sudan (for those with and without national health insurance membership).This review contributes to the growing literature on the selective removal of user fees for priority services. It indicates the range of challenges to effective implementation (strategic, financial and organisational). Some of these are particular to Sudan, but many are shared, and indicate important lessons for improving access to and quality of care for women and children in Africa.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PTHrP regulates the modeling of cortical bone surfaces at fibrous insertion sites during growth
Authors: Wang Meina , VanHouten Joshua N , Nasiri Ali R , Johnson Randy L , Broadus Arthur E 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The sites that receive ligament and tendon insertions (entheses) on the cortical surfaces of long bones are poorly understood, particularly regarding modeling and regulation. Entheses are classified as either fibrocartilaginous or fibrous based on their structures. Fibrous entheses typically insert into the metaphysis or diaphysis of a long bone, bear a periosteal component, and are modeled during long-bone growth. This modeling forms a root system by which the insertions attach to the cortical surface. In the case of the medial collateral ligament, modeling drives actual migration of the ligament along the cortical surface in order to accommodate linear growth, whereas in other sites modeling may excavate a deep cortical root system (eg, the teres major insertion) or a shallow root system with a large footprint (eg, the latissimus dorsi insertion). We report here that conditionally deleting parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in fibrous entheses via Scleraxis-Cre targeting causes modeling to fail in these three iterations of osteoclast-driven enthesis excavation or migration. These iterations appear to represent formes frustes of a common modeling strategy, presumably differing from each other as a consequence of differences in biomechanical control. In sites in which PTHrP is not induced, either physiologically or because of conditional deletion, modeling does not take place and fibrocartilage is induced. These findings represent the initial genetic evidence that PTHrP regulates periosteal/intramembranous bone cell activity on cortical bone surfaces and indicate that PTHrP serves as a load-induced modeling tool in fibrous insertion sites during linear growth. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Proximal femoral density distribution and structure in relation to age and hip fracture risk in women
Authors: Carballido-Gamio Julio , Harnish Roy , Saeed Isra , Streeper Timothy , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Amin Shreyasee , Atkinson Elizabeth J , Therneau Terry M , Siggeirsdottir Kristin , Cheng Xiaoguang , Melton L Joseph , Keyak Joyce , Gudnason Vilmundur , Khosla Sundeep , Harris Tamara B , Lang Thomas F 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Hip fracture risk rises exponentially with age, but there is little knowledge about how fracture-related alterations in hip structure differ from those of aging. We employed computed tomography (CT) imaging to visualize the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) in the hip in relation to age and incident hip fracture. We used intersubject image registration to integrate 3D hip CT images into a statistical atlas comprising women aged 21 to 97 years (n = 349) and a group of women with (n = 74) and without (n = 148) incident hip fracture 4 to 7 years after their imaging session. Voxel-based morphometry was used to generate Student's t test statistical maps from the atlas, which indicated regions that were significantly associated with age or with incident hip fracture. Scaling factors derived from intersubject image registration were employed as measures of bone size. BMD comparisons of young, middle-aged, and older American women showed preservation of load-bearing cortical and trabecular structures with aging, whereas extensive bone loss was observed in other trabecular and cortical regions. In contrast, comparisons of older Icelandic fracture women with age-matched controls showed that hip fracture was associated with a global cortical bone deficit, including both the superior cortical margin and the load-bearing inferior cortex. Bone size comparisons showed larger dimensions in older compared to younger American women and in older Icelandic fracture women compared to controls. The results indicate that older Icelandic women who sustain incident hip fracture have a structural phenotype that cannot be described as an accelerated pattern of normal age-related loss. The fracture-related cortical deficit noted in this study may provide a biomarker of increased hip fracture risk that may be translatable to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and other clinical images. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Comparison of two simulation methods to compute solvation free energies and partition coefficients
Authors: Yang Li , Ahmed Alauddin , Sandler Stanley I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe thermodynamic integration (TI) and expanded ensemble (EE) methods are used here to calculate the hydration free energy in water, the solvation free energy in 1‐octanol, and the octanol‐water partition coefficient for a six compounds of varying functionality using the optimized potentials for liquid simulations (OPLS) all‐atom (AA) force field parameters and atomic charges. Both methods use the molecular dynamics algorithm as a primary component of the simulation protocol, and both have found wide applications in fields such as the calculation of activity coefficients, phase behavior, and partition coefficients. Both methods result in solvation free energies and 1‐octanol/water partition coefficients with average absolute deviations (AAD) from experimental data to within 4 kJ/mol and 0.5 log units, respectively. Here, we find that in simulations the OPLS‐AA force field parameters (with fixed charges) can reproduce solvation free energies of solutes in 1‐octanol with AAD of about half that for the solute hydration free energies using a extended simple point charge (SPC/E) model of water. The computational efficiency of the two simulation methods are compared based on the time (in nanoseconds) required to obtain similar standard deviations in the solvation free energies and 1‐octanol/water partition coefficients. By this analysis, the EE method is found to be a factor of nine more efficient than the TI algorithm. For both methods, solvation free energy calculations in 1‐octanol consume roughly an order of magnitude more CPU hours than the hydration free energy calculations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal Properties Improvement of Bismaleimide Resin by a New Phosphorus‐containing Polycyclic Bismaleimide
Authors: Tsai Pai‐Feng , Kuo Wen‐Lung , Shau Min‐Da 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new phosphorus‐containing polycyclic bismaleimide resin (BMPI) was prepared by the reaction of bis(3‐maleimidophenyl) methylphosphine oxide (BAMP) with benzene‐1,2,4,5‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTD) and maleic anhydride (MA). BMPI was confirmed by infrared (IR), 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopies. Its thermal properties were carried out by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that revealed that the polymers have excellent thermal properties in the high temperature region and a high char yield of up to 53∼65%. Furthermore, three conventional bismaleimide resins were prepared from different phosphorus‐free bismaleimides for comparison, e.g. 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BDM), 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylether (BDE), 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylsulfone (BDS).
Immunolocalization of keratin‐associated beta‐proteins in developing epidermis of lizard suggests that adhesive setae contain glycine–cysteine‐rich proteins
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe localization of specific keratin‐associated beta‐proteins (formerly referred to as beta‐keratins) in the embryonic epidermis of lizards is not known. Two specific keratin‐associated beta‐proteins of the epidermis, one representing the glycine‐rich subfamily (HgG5) and the other the glycine‐cysteine medium‐rich subfamily (HgGC10), have been immunolocalized at the ultrastructural level in the lizard Anolis lineatopus. The periderm and granulated subperiderm are most immunonegative for these proteins. HgG5 is low to absent in theOberhäutchen layer while is present in the forming beta‐layer, and disappears in mesos‐ and alpha‐layers. Instead, HgGC10 is present in the Oberhäutchen, beta‐, and also in the following alpha‐layers, and specifically accumulates in the developing adhesive setae but not in the surrounding cells of the clear layer. Therefore, setae and their terminal spatulae that adhere to surfaces allowing these lizards to walk vertically contain cysteine–glycine rich proteins. The study suggests that, like in adult and regenerating epidermis, the HgGC10 protein is not only accumulated in cells of the beta‐layer but also in those forming the alpha‐layer. This small protein therefore is implicated in resistance, flexibility, and stretching of the epidermal layers. It is also hypothesized that the charges of these proteins may influence adhesion of the setae of pad lamellae. Conversely, glycine‐rich beta‐proteins like HgG5 give rise to the dense, hydrophobic, and chromophobic corneous material of the resistant beta‐layer. This result suggests that the differential accumulation of keratin‐associated beta‐proteins over the alpha‐keratin network determines differences in properties of the stratified layers of the epidermis of lizards. J. Morphol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Pollical palmar interosseous muscle” (musculus adductor pollicis accessorius): Attachments, innervation, variations, phylogeny, and implications for human evolution and medicine
Authors: Bello‐Hellegouarch Gaelle , Aziz M. Ashraf , Ferrero Eva M. , Kern Michael , Francis Nadia , Diogo Rui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMost atlases and textbooks dealing with human anatomy do not refer to the “pollical palmar interosseous” (PPI) muscle of Henle. In order to undertake a fresh and detailed study of this muscle and to thus better understand human comparative anatomy and evolution, we: 1) analyze the frequency of the PPI in a large sample of human hands; 2) describe the attachments, innervation and varieties of the PPI in these hands; 3) compare the data obtained with the information available in the literature; and 4) discuss the phylogenetic origin of the PPI and the implications of our observations and comparisons for medicine and for the understanding of human evolutionary history. Within the 72 hands dissected by us, the PPI is present in 67 hands (93%), commonly having a single muscular branch, originating from the medial side of the base of metacarpal I only, inserting onto the medial side of the base of the pollical proximal phalanx and/or surrounding structures (e.g., ulnar sesamoid bone, wing tendon of extensor apparatus), and passing at least partially, and usually mainly, medial to the princeps pollicis artery. A careful study of the human PPI, as well as a detailed comparison with other mammals, strongly suggest that the muscle is evolutionarily derived from the adductor pollicis, and namely from its oblique head. Therefore, we propose that PPI should be designated by the name musculus adductor pollicis accessorius, which indicates that the muscle is most likely a de novo structure derived from the adductor pollicis. J. Morphol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adsorption of dicarboxylic acids onto nano‐structured silver surfaces – surface‐enhanced Raman scattering studies of pH‐dependent adsorption geometries
Authors: Schulte J. P. , Grass S. , Treuel L. 
Published: October 2012

Understanding and shaping adsorption orientations of molecular compounds on nano‐structured metallic surfaces is an important issue across many areas of contemporary research including the design of nano‐structured surfaces and catalytic processes. Here, we used surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy to study these orientations on nano‐structured silver surfaces using dicarboxylic acids (maleic acid and fumaric acid) as model substances.Results revealed a clear pH dependence of the observed adsorption geometries of dicarboxylic acids correlating well with the dissociation states of the two acidic groups. Our data demonstrate the potential of the technique and contribute to an improved understanding of adsorption orientations of molecules at the interface between nano‐structured metal surfaces and a liquid phase. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer Reactions in Phenyl Carbamate Ethyl Acrylate Polymerizations
Authors: Bennet Francesca , Rölle Thomas , Fäcke Thomas , Weiser Marc‐Stephan , Bruder Friedrich‐Karl , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Junkers Tanja 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe transfer reactions occurring during polymerization of 2‐(phenylcarbamoyloxy)ethyl acrylate (PhCEA) were studied by a detailed product mapping with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Unlike postulated before, PhCEA exhibits the same characteristic transfer reactions as other acrylic monomers at elevated temperatures, resulting in vinyl‐terminated and saturated products. Transfer to monomer via abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the ester side chain as suggested before is not observed. When polymerized in a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) matrix to increase viscosity, transfer into matrix products are observed in minor amounts, demonstrating that PEG can be employed as a solvent to further increase the overall rate of polymerization without interference from side reactions.
Polynorbornenes With Pendant Europium (III) Coordination Compounds
Authors: Knall Astrid‐Caroline , Schinagl Christina , Pein Andreas , Noormofidi Nadja , Saf Robert , Slugovc Christian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEuropium‐containing monomers with different bidentate and tridentate N‐donor ligands carrying norbornoyl side chains and theonyl trifluoroacetylacetonate (TTA) as coligand are obtained and incorporated in random copolymers and amphiphilic block copolymers using ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The characteristic bright red long‐lived europium luminescence is retained in the polymers. The polymers are characterized (using 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering) and tested as water vapor sensor materials. A sensitivity increase over time and changes in the luminescence spectra of the polymer samples indicate dissociation of Eu(TTA)3 from the polymer chains.
Isothiocyanate concentrations and interconversion of sulforaphane to erucin in human subjects after consumption of commercial frozen broccoli compared to fresh broccoli
Authors: Saha Shikha , Hollands Wendy , Teucher Birgit , Needs Paul W. , Narbad Arjan , Ortori Catharine A. , Barrett David A. , Rossiter John T. , Mithen Richard F. , Kroon Paul A. 
Published: October 2012

ScopeSulforaphane (a potent anticarcinogenic isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin) is widely considered responsible for the protective effects of broccoli consumption. Broccoli is typically purchased fresh or frozen and cooked before consumption. We compared the bioavailability and metabolism of sulforaphane from portions of lightly cooked fresh or frozen broccoli, and investigated the bioconversion of sulforaphane to erucin.Methods and resultsEighteen healthy volunteers consumed broccoli soups produced from fresh or frozen broccoli florets that had been lightly cooked and sulforaphane thio‐conjugates quantified in plasma and urine. Sulforaphane bioavailability was about tenfold higher for the soups made from fresh compared to frozen broccoli, and the reduction was shown to be due to destruction of myrosinase activity by the commercial blanching‐freezing process. Sulforaphane appeared in plasma and urine in its free form and as several thio‐conjugates forms. Erucin N‐acetyl‐cysteine conjugate was a significant urinary metabolite, and it was shown that human gut microflora can produce sulforaphane, erucin, and their nitriles from glucoraphanin.ConclusionThe short period of blanching used to produce commercial frozen broccoli destroys myrosinase and substantially reduces sulforaphane bioavailability. Sulforaphane was converted to erucin and excreted in urine, and it was shown that human colonic flora were capable of this conversion.