bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competency Enhancement Training for Philippine Family Court Judges and Personnel Handling Child Abuse Cases
Authors: Sana Erlyn A. , Melencio‐Herrera Ameurfina A. , Avellano Amy A. , Legarda Katrina , Vilches Nimfa C. , Madrid Bernadette J. 
Published: March 2013

Key Practitioner MessagesJudges, lawyers and court personnel should be familiar with children and their developmental stages.They should be sensitive in getting vital information to ensure that children can tell their story without fear.Competency enhancement training is an interactive, comprehensive and multidisciplinary programme developed for Philippine family court personnel.Evaluation of the short‐ and long‐term effects of training show that family court personnel demonstrated sensitivity and helped children to overcome the trauma of their abuse.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Butanolides from Methanolic Extract of Litsea glutinosa
Authors: Agrawal Nisha , Pareek Deepika , Dobhal Sonal , Sharma Mahesh C. , Joshi Yogesh C. , Dobhal Mahabeer P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhytochemical investigations of a MeOH extract obtained from the heartwoods of the Litsea glutinosa (Lauraceae) led to the isolation and characterization of four new butenolides, (3R,4S,5S)‐2‐hexadecyl‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐methylbutanolide 1, litsealactone C (2), and litsealactone D (4), litsealactone G (5), and a new benzoic acid derivative named eusmoside C (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral studies.
StructureActivity Relationship of Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Complexes as DNA Intercalators, DNA Photocleavage Reagents, and DNA Topoisomerase and RNA Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: Chen Xing , Gao Feng , Yang Wei‐Yan , Zhou Zhu‐Xin , Lin Jin‐Qiang , Ji Liang‐Nian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo investigate the relationship between the molecular structure and biological activity of polypyridyl RuII complexes, such as DNA binding, photocleavage ability, and DNA topoisomerase and RNA polymerase inhibition, six new [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine; dppz=dipyrido[3,2‐a:2,′,3′‐c]phenazine) analogs have been synthesized and characterized by means of 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Interestingly, the biological properties of these complexes have been identified to be quite different via a series of experimental methods, such as spectral titration, DNA thermal denaturation, viscosity, and gel electrophoresis. To explain the experimental regularity and reveal the underlying mechanism of biological activity, the properties of energy levels and population of frontier molecular orbitals and excited‐state transitions of these complexes have been studied by density‐functional theory (DFT) and time‐depended DFT (TDDFT) calculations. The results suggest that DNA intercalative ligands with better planarity, greater hydrophobicity, and less steric hindrance are beneficial to the DNA intercalation and enzymatic inhibition of their complexes.
Two Novel Potent α‐Amylase Inhibitors from the Family of Acarviostatins Isolated from the Culture of Streptomyces coelicoflavus ZG0656
Authors: Geng Peng , Sun Ting , Zhong Qiping , Li Xiaoxia , Shi Liying , Bai Fang , Bai Gang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTwo novel aminooligosaccharides were separated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces coelicoflavus ZG0656. Their chemical structures were determined by acidic hydrolysis, electrospray‐ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS), and NMR spectroscopy. The compounds were named acarviostatins III0(−1) and III23 according to the nomenclature of this group of metabolites. The two novel acarviostatins were both mixed noncompetitive inhibitors of porcine pancreatic α‐amylase (PPA). The inhibition constants (Ki) for acarviostatins III0(−1) and III23 were 0.009 and 0.026 μM, respectively, 151 and 52 times more potent than acarbose.
A Cellular Automata Model of Proton Hopping Down a Channel
Authors: Kier Lemont B. , Tombes Robert , Hall Lowell H. , Cheng Chao‐Kun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractProton hopping is the process where a H‐atom on a hydronium ion forms a H‐bond with the O‐atom of a neighboring H2O molecule. There is then an exchange of bonding forces when that covalent bond of the H‐atom in the hydronium ion changes to a H‐bond, and the previous H‐bond changes to a covalent bond with the neighboring O‐atom. The neighboring molecule now becomes a hydronium (H3O+) ion. This process repeats itself very rapidly among neighboring hydronium and H2O molecules. There is a flow of protonic character through bulk H2O, referred to as proton hopping. This process carries information through living systems where H2O is present. A cellular automata model of proton hopping down a channel has been created and studied. Variations in the rate of proton entry into the channel and the effects of the polar character of the channel walls was studied using the model. The behavior of the models corresponds to experimental results.
Biomolecular Characterization of Wild Sicilian Oregano: Phytochemical Screening of Essential Oils and Extracts, and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Tuttolomondo Teresa , La Bella Salvatore , Licata Mario , Virga Giuseppe , Leto Claudio , Saija Antonella , Trombetta Domenico , Tomaino Antonio , Speciale Antonio , Napoli Edoardo M. , Siracusa Laura , Pasquale Andrea , Curcuruto Giusy , Ruberto Giuseppe 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn extensive survey of wild Sicilian oregano was made. A total of 57 samples were collected from various sites, followed by taxonomic characterization from an agronomic perspective. Based on morphological and production characteristics obtained from the 57 samples, cluster analysis was used to divide the samples into homogeneous groups, to identify the best biotypes. All samples were analyzed for their phytochemical content, applying a cascade‐extraction protocol and hydrodistillation, to obtain the non volatile components and the essential oils, respectively. The extracts contained thirteen polyphenol derivatives, i.e., four flavanones, seven flavones, and two organic acids. Their qualitative and quantitative characterization was carried out by LC/MS analyses. The essential oils were characterized using a combination of GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses; a total of 81 components were identified. The major components of the oils were thymol, p‐cymene, and γ‐terpinene. Cluster analysis was carried out on both phytochemical profiles and resulted in the division of the oregano samples into different chemical groups. The antioxidant activity of the essential oils and extracts was investigated by the FolinCiocalteau (FC) colorimetric assay, by UV radiation‐induced peroxidation in liposomal membranes (UV‐IP test), and by determining the O$\rm{{_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$‐scavenging activity.
Chemical Composition and in vitro Biological Activities of the Essential Oil of Vepris macrophylla (Baker) I.Verd. Endemic to Madagascar
Authors: Maggi Filippo , Fortuné Randriana Richard , Rasoanaivo Philippe , Nicoletti Marcello , Quassinti Luana , Bramucci Massimo , Lupidi Giulio , Petrelli Dezemona , Vitali Luca A. , Papa Fabrizio , Vittori Sauro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVepris macrophylla is an evergreen tree occurring in sub‐humid forest of Madagascar and traditionally used in the Island to treat several complaints as well as to prepare aromatic teas and alcoholic drinks. In the present work, the essential oil distilled from the leaves was analyzed for the first time by gas chromatography (GC‐FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The major compounds were citral (56.3%), i.e., mixture of neral (23.1%) and geranial (33.2%), citronellol (14.5%), and myrcene (8.3%). The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans as determined by vapor‐diffusion assay, supporting the traditional use of the plant for preparing steam bath for the treatment of infectious diseases. The essential oil was evaluated for cytotoxic activity on human tumor cell lines by MTT (=3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide) assay, showing inhibitory effects comparable to those of cisplatin, notably on MDA‐MB 231 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and HCT116 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines. Finally, the essential oil was also subjected to screening for its antioxidant activity and the free radical scavenging capacity.
Variability of n‐Alkanes and Nonacosan‐10‐ol in Natural Populations of Picea omorika
Authors: Nikolić Biljana , Tešević Vele , Đorđević Iris , Todosijević Marina , Jadranin Milka , Bojović Srdjan , Marin Petar D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis is the first report of population variability of the contents of n‐alkanes and nonacosan‐10‐ol in the needle epicuticular waxes of Serbian spruce (Picea omorika). The hexane extracts of needle samples originated from three natural populations in Serbia (Vranjak, Zmajevački potok, and Mileševka Canyon) were investigated by GC and GC/MS analyses. The amount of nonacosan‐10‐ol varied individually from 50.05 to 74.42% (65.74% in average), but the differences between the three investigated populations were not statistically confirmed. The results exhibited variability of the composition of n‐alkanes in the epicuticular waxes with their size ranging from C18 to C35. The most abundant n‐alkanes were C29, C31, and C27 (35.22, 13.77, and 12.28% in average, resp.). The carbon preference index of all the n‐alkanes (CPItotal) of the P. omorika populations (average of populations I–III) ranged from 3.3 to 11.5 (mean of 5.9), while the average chain length (ACL) ranged from 26.6 to 29.2. The principal component and cluster analyses of the contents of nine n‐alkanes showed the greatest difference for the population growing in the Mileševka Canyon. The obtained results were compared with previous literature data given for other Picea species, and this comparison was briefly discussed.
Calmodulin Inhibitors from Aspergillus stromatoides
Authors: González‐Andrade Martín , Del Valle Paulina , Macías‐Rubalcava Martha ;L. , Sosa‐Peinado Alejandro , Del Carmen González María , Mata Rachel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn organic extract was prepared from the culture medium and mycelia of the marine fungus Aspergillus stromatoides Raper & Fennell. The extract was fractionated via column chromatography, and the resulting fractions were tested for their abilities to quench the fluorescence of the calmodulin (CaM) biosensor hCaM M124C‐mBBr. From the active fraction, emodin (1) and ω‐hydroxyemodin (2) were isolated as CaM inhibitors. Anthraquinones 1 and 2 quenched the fluorescence of the hCaM M124C‐mBBr biosensor in a concentration‐dependent manner with Kd values of 0.33 and 0.76 μM, respectively. The results were compared with those of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a classical inhibitor of CaM, with a Kd value of 1.25 μM. Docking analysis revealed that 1 and 2 bind to the same pocket of CPZ. The CaM inhibitor properties of 1 and 2 were correlated with some of their reported biological properties. Citrinin (3), methyl 8‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐9‐oxo‐9H‐xanthene‐1‐carboxylate (4), and coniochaetone A (5) were also isolated in the present study. The X‐ray structure of 5 is reported for the first time.
Acetylcholinesterase‐Inhibitory Activities of the Extracts from Sponges Collected in Mauritius Waters
Authors: Beedessee Girish , Ramanjooloo Avin , Surnam‐Boodhun Rashmee , van Soest Rob W. M. , Marie Daniel E. P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPatients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show a characteristic neurochemical deficit of acetylcholine, especially in the basal forebrains. The use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors to retard the hydrolysis of acetylcholine has been suggested as a promising strategy for AD treatment. In this study, we evaluated the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory (AChEI) activities of 134 extracts obtained from 45 species of marine sponges. Thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and microplate assays reveal potent acetylcholinsterase inhibitory activities of two AcOEt extracts from the sponges Pericharax heteroraphis and Amphimedon navalis Pulitzer‐Finali. We further investigated the inhibitory kinetics of the extracts and found them to display mixed competitive/noncompetitive inhibition and associated their inhibitory activity partly to terpenoids. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from marine organisms have been rarely studied, and this study demonstrated the potential of marine sponges as a source of pharmaceutical leads against neurodegenerative diseases.
Endovascular stenting in transverse aortic arch hypoplasia
Authors: Pushparajah Kuberan , Sadiq Masood , Brzezińska‐Rajszys Grażyna , Thomson John , Rosenthal Eric , Qureshi Shakeel A. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesDescribe outcomes from stenting transverse aortic arch hypoplasia.BackgroundHypoplasia of the transverse arch may result in residual systemic hypertension and may be amenable to stenting.MethodsOutcomes for transverse aortic arch hypoplasia stenting were collated from four centers between 2000 and 2010. Primary endpoints were reduction in peak systolic catheter gradient, dimensions of the stented segment, and systolic right arm blood pressure. Changes in antihypertensive medication and early and late complications were recorded. Data were collated for 21 patients (16 male, 5 female), median age of 16.5 years (range, 0.25–25.9 years) and median weight of 55 kg (range, 4.5–103 kg). 19/21 patients were hypertensive at baseline, excluding the two neonates after repair of interrupted aortic arch.ResultsMedian transverse arch diameter increased from 7 to 14 mm after stenting (P < 0.001). Median ratio of the transverse arch to descending aorta at the diaphragm level improved from 0.43 to 0.9 (P < 0.001). Mean gradient across the hypoplastic transverse arch was 38 mm Hg (range, 14–76) at baseline and 5 mm Hg (range, 0–13) after stenting (P < 0.001). There were no deaths and 6 early complications occurred in 5 patients. Follow‐up (median 24 months) data were available for 19 patients. 17/19 hypertensive patients had follow‐up data. Two neonates developed intimal hyperplasia within the stent with a stent fracture in one. Median systolic blood pressure was 153 mm Hg (range, 117–180) prestent and 130 mm Hg (range, 105–150) poststent (P = 0.0002). In 13/17 patients, the antihypertensive medication could be reduced.ConclusionsStenting of transverse aortic arch hypoplasia, although technically challenging, produced good angiographic and haemodynamic results with an early improvement in blood pressure control. These results appear to be sustained in the medium term. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved para‐Xylene Selectivity in meta‐Xylene Isomerization Over ZSM‐5 Crystals with Relatively Long b‐Axis Length
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhou Xiaozhao , Pang Xinmei , Jin Yinying , Meng Xiangju , Zheng Xiaoming , Gao Xionghou , Xiao Feng‐Shou 
Published: March 2013

AbstractZSM‐5 zeolite crystals with controllable b‐axis length (sheet‐like, S‐ZSM‐5; chain‐like, C‐ZSM‐5) have been synthesized by using urea and starch as additives in the starting aluminosilicate gels. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that these zeolite samples have good crystallinity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that there is a strong chemical interaction between the stacked crystals in C‐ZSM‐5 samples. N2 sorption isotherms indicate that C‐ZSM‐5 crystals are mesoporous. Catalytic tests for the formation of p‐xylene from m‐xylene isomerization show that, compared with other zeolite catalysts, C‐ZSM‐5 catalysts give both high conversion and improved p‐xylene selectivity, which are attributed to the combination of relatively long b‐axis length and the present mesoporosity in the crystals. The improvement of p‐xylene selectivity in catalytic m‐xylene isomerisation is of great importance for selective industrial production of p‐xylene in the future.
Methylated β‐Cyclodextrin‐Capped Ruthenium Nanoparticles: Synthesis Strategies, Characterization, and Application in Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Chau Nguyet Trang Thanh , Handjani Soraya , Guegan Jean‐Paul , Guerrero Miguel , Monflier Eric , Philippot Karine , Denicourt‐Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain 
Published: March 2013

AbstractColloidal suspensions of ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru0NPs) stabilized by randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrins were easily prepared in aqueous solution by two comparative reductive approaches. The first method relies on a one‐step hydrogen reduction of ruthenium trichloride as a metal precursor in the presence of cyclodextrins (one‐pot method). The second method consists of the chemical reduction of metal salts by NaBH4, followed by the stabilization of ruthenium NPs by post‐addition of the methylated β‐cyclodextrins (cascade method). The modified β‐cyclodextrin‐capped ruthenium NPs obtained were characterized using TEM, DLS, and NMR techniques. The highly dispersed colloidal suspensions contain very small particles in the size range of 1–1.4 nm. Their catalytic performances were investigated in terms of activity and selectivity of their biphasic hydrogenation of various substrates (olefins, ketones, and disubstituted arenes) under mild conditions.
Advanced Core–Shell Nanoparticle Catalysts for Efficient Organic Transformations
Authors: Mitsudome Takato , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWith the advent of nanotechnology, the rational design of core–shell nanoparticle catalysts has attracted enormous attention. This Minireview describes recent progress in designs of state‐of‐the‐art core–shell nanostructured catalysts with active species in the core for efficient organic transformations. These core–shell catalysts demonstrate high potential for excellent durability against aggregation due to the encapsulation process as well as unique functionalities for different purposes such as magnetic properties for easy separation, porous shell adjustability for shape selectivity, stimuli responsiveness and strong metal–support interaction for high chemoselectivity, and site isolation for the development of one‐pot catalysts.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid using Cationic, Ammoniomethyl‐Substituted Triarylphosphine Ligands
Authors: Gan Weijia , Snelders Dennis J. M. , Dyson Paul J. , Laurenczy Gábor 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe selective catalytic decomposition of formic acid into hydrogen and carbon dioxide has been achieved in water under mild conditions. For the first time, a ruthenium ion in combination with a series of oligocationic, ammoniomethyl‐substituted triarylphosphines was used for this reaction, as opposed to previously used anionic and neutral ligands. These cationic phosphines vary in size and charge and therefore have different hydrophilic, steric, and electronic properties. Excellent catalytic activities were achieved in the formic acid dehydrogenation reaction and correlations between the activity and the ligand structure were made. High turnover frequencies (TOFs) of 1950 h−1 and turnover numbers (TONs) over 10 000 were obtained through optimization of the catalytic system.
Hydroxypalladation Precedes the Rate‐Determining Step in the Wacker Oxidation of Ethene
Authors: Imandi Venkataramana , Kunnikuruvan Sooraj , Nair Nisanth N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe complete reaction mechanism and kinetics of the Wacker oxidation of ethene in water under low [Cl−], [PdII], and [CuII] conditions are investigated in this work by using ab initio molecular dynamics. These extensive simulations shed light on the molecular details of the associated individual steps, along two different reaction routes, starting from a series of ligand‐exchange processes in the catalyst precursor PdCl42− to the final aldehyde‐formation step and the reduction of PdII. Herein, we report that hydroxylpalladation is not the rate‐determining step and is, in fact, in equilibrium. The newly proposed rate‐determining step involves isomerization and follows the hydroxypalladation step. The mechanism proposed herein is shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimentally observed rate law and rate. Moreover, this mechanism is in consensus with the observed kinetic isotope effects. This report further confirms the outer‐sphere (anti) hydroxypalladation mechanism. Our calculations also ratify that the final product formation proceeds through a reductive elimination, assisted by solvent molecules, rather than through β‐hydride elimination.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐Fused Perhydrofuro[2,3‐b]furan Derivatives from Sugar‐Derived Allyl Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Sridhar Perali Ramu , Reddy Gadi Madhusudhan , Seshadri Kalapati 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA stereoselective method for the synthesis of the title compounds like (IV) is developed involving Claisen rearrangement followed by a one‐pot ozonolysis and acid‐mediated acetalization.
ChemInform Abstract: S‐Adenosyl‐Methionine‐Dependent Methyltransferases: Highly Versatile Enzymes in Biocatalysis, Biosynthesis and Other Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Struck Anna‐Winona , Thompson Mark L. , Wong Lu Shin , Micklefield Jason 
Published: March 2013

AbstractReview: 121 refs.
Depletion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas from Natural Gas by Zeolite Membranes
Authors: Neubauer Katja , Lubenau Udo , Hecker Christine , Lücke Bernhard , Paschek Dietmar , Wohlrab Sebastian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie Abreicherung höherer Kohlenwasserstoffe aus Erdgas oder Erdölbegleitgasen ist ein unablässiger Schritt vor der Einspeisung in das Endverbrauchernetz. Membrantechnologien könnten dabei als Ersatz für energieintensive und kostspielige Reinigungsmethoden eingesetzt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde die entsprechende Eignung zeolithischer MFI‐Membranen untersucht und der Einfluss von Membranträgergeometrie, Gaszusammensetzung, Temperatur und Druck auf die Trennung von Methan/n‐Butan‐Mischungen getestet.
A New View of the Initiation and Propagation in Anionic Polymerization
Authors: Zheng Anna , Chen Bo , Hu Dihang , Guan Yong , Wei Dafu , Li Shuzhao , Ji Dandan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis work confirms the new view of the initiation and propagation mechanism of the anionic polymerization previously proposed, based on the investigation of anionic bulk‐polymerization of styrene and α‐methyl styrene with the help of a self designed microflow device and characterized by GPC and in situ 7Li NMR. It was found that n‐BuLi tended to form the hexameric‐aggregated structure and even to form the huge aggregated structure based on the former. These aggregations of initiators could directly initiate the anionic polymerization and form the supramolecule aggregations. The supramolecule aggregations inevitably blocked the diffusion of the monomers to the ion‐pairs and resulted in a stationary‐conversion platform. Then the aggregators were dissociated completely into equal binary‐aggregated species, and the polymerization continued again rapidly before the termination. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) acted as the electron donator, which could push the electron cloud to Li cation and make the aggregated ring of the active species rather loosened and facilitated the monomer to insert in. Therefore, a little THF can greatly promote the anionic polymerization. However, further addition of THF might block the channel between the ion‐pairs and decrease the propagation rate. It was also found that the aggregated structure of the active species during the anionic polymerization only depends on the initiator aggregations which were formed before the polymerization.