bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of CO on the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in wet CO2 gas at 710°C
Authors: Cao Fang , Donchev Alexander , Galetz Mathias , Myers Michael , Ma Ning , Chun Charlie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in wet CO2 gas with or without CO and CO plus 400 ppmv SO2 was investigated in this study. Corrosion kinetics was studied by thermogravimetric analysis at 710°C for 100 h under three gas conditions. After isothermal exposure, the corroded coupons were characterized in detail by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe microanalyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. CO addition to wet CO2 resulted in lower oxygen partial pressure and lower oxide growth kinetics. It also suppressed iron‐rich oxide nodule formation, as compared to the wet CO2 gas environment. A Cr‐depletion zone was observed underneath the oxide scale in the substrate, but no obvious internal carburization was observed in all three gas environments. A thin, protective oxide scale consisting of an outer layer of a Cr‐rich spinel and an inner Cr‐rich chromia layer was developed in CO‐containing gas conditions, with or without SO2. The effect of CO on oxidation and scale formation is discussed in comparison with that in wet CO2 conditions.
Reassessment of the genetic basis of natural rifampin resistance in the genus Rickettsia
Authors: Amoros Julien , Fattar Noor , Buysse Marie , Louni Meriem , Bertaux Joanne , Bouchon Didier , Duron Olivier 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRickettsia, a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria, includes species that cause significant human diseases. This study challenges previous claims that the Leucine‐973 residue in the RNA polymerase beta subunit is the primary determinant of rifampin resistance in Rickettsia. We investigated a previously untested Rickettsia species, R. lusitaniae, from the Transitional group and found it susceptible to rifampin, despite possessing the Leu‐973 residue. Interestingly, we observed the conservation of this residue in several rifampin‐susceptible species across most Rickettsia phylogenetic groups. Comparative genomics revealed potential alternative resistance mechanisms, including additional amino acid variants that could hinder rifampin binding and genes that could facilitate rifampin detoxification through efflux pumps. Importantly, the evolutionary history of Rickettsia genomes indicates that the emergence of natural rifampin resistance is phylogenetically constrained within the genus, originating from ancient genetic features shared among a unique set of closely related Rickettsia species. Phylogenetic patterns appear to be the most reliable predictors of natural rifampin resistance, which is confined to a distinct monophyletic subclade known as Massiliae. The distinctive features of the RNA polymerase beta subunit in certain untested Rickettsia species suggest that R. raoultii, R. amblyommatis, R. gravesii, and R. kotlanii may also be naturally rifampin‐resistant species.
Characteristics of after‐discharges following compound muscle action potential or F‐wave in primary peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome
Authors: Hu Youfang , Ding Qingyun , Feng Xinhong , Yimin Wu , Shen Dongchao , Shi Jiayu , Wu Shuang , Cui Liying , Guan Yuzhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsF‐wave testing frequently reveals after‐discharges of varied morphologies in patients with primary peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome (PNHS), although reports are scant. This study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics of the after‐discharges during F‐wave tests in PNHS, and to assess the association between after‐discharges and the disease classification.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with PNHS between 2014 and 2022. The morphological characteristic and duration of after‐discharges during F‐wave tests were analyzed. After‐discharges in the Morvan syndrome group were compared with those in non‐Morvan group, and between groups with positive or negative voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibodies.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were included in the study, of which 25 exhibited after‐discharges. All after‐discharges in Morvan patients occurred following compound muscle action potential (CMAP). In non‐Morvan patients, after‐discharges occurred following F‐wave (32%) and CMAP (47%). The durations of after‐discharges following CMAP were significantly prolonged in Morvan (54.2 ± 18.8 ms) compared to non‐Morvan patients (34.5 ± 15.0 ms). The majority of antibody‐positive patients (18/20) exhibited after‐discharges following CMAP, whereas 67% of antibody‐negative patients (6/9) showed after‐discharges following F‐wave.DiscussionThe varying presentations of after‐discharges, including their location (after CMAP or F‐wave) and the duration of after‐discharge can assist in clinically classifying PNHS.
Observer‐based adaptive neural networks optimal control for spacecraft proximity maneuver with state constraints
Authors: Li Qinwen , Meng Zhongjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article proposes an adaptive neural network (NN) optimal control approach for autonomous relative motion control of non‐cooperative spacecraft in proximity. The proposed method aims to minimize fuel consumption under various challenges including model uncertainty, state constraints, external disturbances, and input saturation. To account for uncertain parameters of non‐cooperative target and external disturbances, we start by designing a NN disturbance observer. Subsequently, a novel optimal control index function is presented. An adaptive NN based on the actor‐critic (A‐C) framework and backstepping theory is then utilized to approximate the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation and obtain an optimal control law. The Lyapunov framework is leveraged to establish the stability of the closed‐loop control system. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with an existing approach.
Use of interrupted time series methods in the evaluation of the Jordanian National Strategy for Women Empowerment (JNSWE) from 2013 to 2017 and its gender action plan for STEM field
Authors: Abuhummour Anan M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEven though we have varied backgrounds, experiences, roles, and privileges in the community research field, we are all committed to studying equity theory and associated literature in educational contexts. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the Jordanian national strategy for women's empowerment from 2013 to 2017 and its gender equality program in its efforts to increase Jordanian women's representation in scientific studies, achieve gender equality, and empower all women and girls, in addition to the goals related to other objectives. This analysis considers interrupted time series methods (randomized controlled trials) to measure the impacts of Jordanian National Strategy for Women Empowerment (JNSWE). Pre‐ and post‐policy periods were compared. Trend, regression analysis, r and r2, and the Mann–Whitney U test were utilized. The impact of this strategy delivers impressive results. This evaluation indicates that between 2013 and 2017, the JNSWE was effective in increasing Jordanian women's presence in STEM studies due to addressing gender inequality, the gender pay gap, and training deficiencies in the field. The first hypothesis was accepted (Z = −2.812, P > .005, df = 11), and the JNSWE's implementation from 2013 to 2017 increased the number of Jordanian women in science. The execution of the JNSWE (2013–2017) supported the representation of Jordanian women in telecommunications more than before, and Hypothesis H2 was accepted (Z = −2.892, P > .004, df = 11). Ultimately, Hypothesis H3 was approved (Z = −2.254, P > .024, df = 11), and the JNSWE's implementation from 2013 to 2017 increased the number of Jordanian women pursuing careers in engineering and mathematics. In this sense, this evaluation is innovative and responsive to the rising calls and concerns of feminists to empirically address the low presence of Jordanian women in scientific studies science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, known by the acronym STEM, and seeks to eliminate all forms of gender bias against women in the public spheres, including pay inequality. Included are the study's recommendations for further research.
Nanoconfined Supercooled Water in Hydrated Two‐Dimensional Polyaniline for Sub‐Zero Solid‐State Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Liang Jiaxing , Rawal Aditya , Wang Biying , Xiao Kefeng , Lennon Alison , Wang Da‐Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolid‐state electrochemical energy systems have attracted numerous attentions for their excellent performance, high safety, and low cost. Recently, ice of aqueous electrolytes is reported as a new kind solid‐state electrolyte for low‐temperature solid‐state devices. However, the lack of kinetically favorable electrodes hampers the performance of this new class of icy electrolyte‐based solid‐state devices at sub‐zero temperatures. In this work, a hydrated layered polyaniline cathode active material (h‐LPANi) with nanoconfined supercooled water by metatungstate clusters is utilized to improve the performance of sub‐zero solid‐state zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). The interlayer confined hydrated network of h‐LPANi improves kinetics, surpassing pristine polyaniline and conventional porous carbon‐based active materials. At −15 °C, the solid‐state iced ZIHCs with h‐LPANi cathode demonstrate an areal energy density of 580.0 µWh cm−2 at 1.1 mW cm−2 and 155.7 µWh cm−2 at 43.3 mW cm−2, surpassing other low‐temperature solid‐state ZIHCs with conventional cathodes.
New 2D Metal‐Organic Monoacid Framework (MOmAF): Realization of Extreme Water Repellence
Authors: Chen Ting , Wei Xiuming , Fabiani Thomas , Liu Baoyu , Yang Yaohao , Lewis Allana , Mazlan Nurul A. , Butt Fraz Saeed , Chen Siyu , Gu Qinfeng , Radacsi Norbert , Wang Huanting , De Angelis Maria Grazia , Yang Shuiqing , Chen Haiqun , Huang Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are normally moisture‐sensitive and unstable in aqueous environments, which has considerably limited their practical applications because water/moisture is ubiquitous in many industrial processes. New materials with superior water stability are, therefore, in great demand and vital to their practical applications. Here, a novel oil/water interfacial assembly strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of a new class of metal‐organic monoacid framework (MOmAF) with exceptional water stability and chemical stability. Superhydrophobic 2D sheets are synthesized at room temperature, while 1D nanotubes are obtained via the self‐scrolling of their 2D sheets for the first time. In addition, a simple sequential drop‐casting method is developed to coat as‐synthesized MOmAF structures onto porous membranes. This can potentially open up new avenues in the design of superhydrophobic self‐cleaning MOmAF materials without tedious post‐synthetic modifications and usher in a new class of materials meeting industrial needs.
Yes, Charlotte Died: Using Picturebooks to Talk about, Not Avoid, the Topic of Death
Authors: Parker Lisa , Wittman Kennedy , Bintz William P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the difficult event of death. The audience for this article is classroom teachers, librarians/media specialists, curriculum developers, and so on. The purpose is to share points to consider when choosing quality picture books focusing on death as well as exemplars to represent these points. These points were concluded as a result of a multimodal content analysis of 100 picture books. We begin by presenting a rationale for using picture books to help children deal with the difficult topics including the topic of death. Next, we describe why we chose the topic of death. We continue by describing our inquiry and present characteristics of quality picture books that we discovered during our inquiry. For each characteristic we highlight an exemplary picture book to illustrate the characteristic. We end with final thoughts.
HEOM‐QUICK2: A general‐purpose simulator for fermionic many‐body open quantum systems—An update
Authors: Zhang Daochi , Ye Lyuzhou , Cao Jiaan , Wang Yao , Xu Rui‐Xue , Zheng Xiao , Yan YiJing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany‐body open quantum systems (OQSs) have a profound impact on various subdisciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. Thus, the development of a computer program capable of accurately, efficiently, and versatilely simulating many‐body OQSs is highly desirable. In recent years, we have focused on the advancement of numerical algorithms based on the fermionic hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) theory. Being in‐principle exact, this approach allows for the precise characterization of many‐body correlations, non‐Markovian memory, and non‐equilibrium thermodynamic conditions. These efforts now lead to the establishment of a new computer program, HEOM for QUantum Impurity with a Correlated Kernel, version 2 (HEOM‐QUICK2), which, to the best of our knowledge, is currently the only general‐purpose simulator for fermionic many‐body OQSs. Compared with version 1, the HEOM‐QUICK2 program features more efficient solvers for stationary states, more accurate treatment of non‐Markovian memory, and improved numerical stability for long‐time dissipative dynamics. Integrated with quantum chemistry software, HEOM‐QUICK2 has become a valuable theoretical tool for the precise simulation of realistic many‐body OQSs, particularly the single atomic or molecular junctions. Furthermore, the unprecedented precision achieved by HEOM‐QUICK2 enables accurate simulation of low‐energy spin excitations and coherent spin relaxation. The unique usefulness of HEOM‐QUICK2 is demonstrated through several examples of strongly correlated quantum impurity systems under non‐equilibrium conditions. Thus, the new HEOM‐QUICK2 program offers a powerful and comprehensive tool for studying many‐body OQSs with exotic quantum phenomena and exploring applications in various disciplines.This article is categorized under:
Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Software > Simulation Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
Implementing ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023 Consent Records and Receipts for GDPR and DGA
Authors: Pandit Harshvardhan J. , Lindquist Jan , Krog Georg P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023 Privacy technologies—Consent record information structure provides guidance for the creation and maintenance of records regarding consent as machine-readable information. It also provides guidance on the use of this information to exchange such records between entities in the form of ‘receipts’. In this article, we compare requirements regarding consent between ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023, ISO/IEC 29184:2020 Privacy Notices, and the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to show how these standards can be used to support GDPR compliance. We then use the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) to implement ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023 and create interoperable consent records and receipts. We also discuss how this work benefits the implementation of EU Data Governance Act (DGA), specifically for machine-readable consent forms.
Welche Charakteristika weist die in Leitlinien zitierte Literatur auf? – Eine Fallstudie anhand einer S2e- und einer S3-Leitlinie
Authors: Traylor Christopher , Aman Valeria 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungMedizinische Leitlinien sind Sammlungen sorgfältig ausgewählter Forschungsarbeiten, die Empfehlungen für die Behandlung von Patienten enthalten. Da die medizinischen Leitlinien selbst nur selten zitiert werden oder Teil von Leistungsbewertungen sind, untersuchen wir wichtige Einblicke in die Merkmale der Literatur, auf die in Leitlinien verwiesen wird. Wir haben Artikel, die in Leitlinien zitiert werden, mit ähnlichen Artikeln aus demselben Jahr und derselben Zeitschrift verglichen, die nicht in den Leitlinien zitiert werden. Außerdem vergleichen wir das Veröffentlichungsjahr der zitierten Referenzen mit den prozentualen Zitationsrängen der Leitlinienreferenzen. Wir haben festgestellt, dass Artikel, die in den untersuchten Leitlinien zitiert werden, signifikant höhere Zitationszahlen aufweisen als andere Publikationen gleicher Zeitschriften und Jahrgänge.
Iconographic Research Poetry in the Classroom
Authors: Meyer Marcy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the author explores techniques for integrating iconographic research poetry in the classroom. She begins by providing an overview of arts-based research (ABR) pedagogy. Next, she describes pedagogical innovations that embrace research poetry. Finally, the author offers readers a toolkit that they can use to incorporate iconographic research poetry into their qualitative research courses. She contends that by introducing poetic inquiry into the research methods classroom, qualitative research instructors can cultivate creativity and encourage students to begin thinking about concepts like crystallization and alternative representation of findings.
Unorientable topological gravity and orthogonal random matrix universality
Authors: Weber Torsten , Tall Jarod , Haneder Fabian , Urbina Juan Diego , Richter Klaus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The duality of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and a double scaled matrix integral has led to studies of the canonical spectral form factor (SFF) in the so called τ−scaled limit of large times, t → ∞, and fixed temperature, in order to demonstrate agreement with universal random matrix theory (RMT). Though this has been established for the unitary case, extensions to other symmetry classes requires the inclusion of unorientable manifolds in the sum over geometries, necessary to address time reversal invariance, and regularization of the corresponding prime geometrical objects, the Weil-Petersson (WP) volumes. We report here how universal signatures of quantum chaos, witnessed by the fidelity to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, emerge for the low-energy limit of unorientable JT gravity, i.e. the unorientable Airy model/topological gravity. To this end, we implement the loop equations for the corresponding dual (double-scaled) matrix model and find the generic form of the unorientable Airy WP volumes, supported by calculations using unorientable Kontsevich graphs. In an apparent violation of the gravity/chaos duality, the τ−scaled SFF on the gravity side acquires both logarithmic and power law contributions in t, not manifestly present on the RMT side. We show the expressions can be made to agree by means of bootstrapping-like relations hidden in the asymptotic expansions of generalized hypergeometric functions. Thus, we are able to establish strong evidence of the quantum chaotic nature of unorientable topological gravity.
Electro-depolymerization of Kraft lignin with deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Ceylan Esra , Gürler-Akyüz Berrin , Kurt Rıfat , Gencer Ayhan , Akyüz Mehmet , Kilic-Pekgözlü Ayben 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper production industry annually produces approximately 50 million tons of lignin, an intermediate product. While lignin has the potential for producing valuable chemicals and energy materials, an effective method for its conversion is yet to be developed. This study aims to establish a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for electrochemically synthesizing valuable compounds from lignin with using natural deep eutectic solvents as electrolytes. The study used cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the electrochemical depolymerization of Kraft lignin, examining the effects of different scan numbers on depolymerization and the resulting lignin derivatives. Observed changes in the depolymerization peak current of lignin were reported as the number of scans increased. Choline chloride: Lactic acid (CC:LA), Choline chloride: Ethylene glycol (CC:EG), and Lactic acid:1,2-propanediol (LA:PR) were used as green electrolytes. Syringaldehyde was found to be the major compound obtained by this method. As a result of statistical analysis performed using The Grey Relations Analysis method, it was determined that the conditions that utilized Kraft lignin with the highest added value involved performing five cycles of CV scans with the CC:LA electrolyte. CV scans in DES environments increased the yield of lignin-derived phenolic compounds.
Changes in Soil Microbial Communities Induced by Biodegradable and Polyethylene Mulch Residues Under Three Different Temperatures
Authors: Romano Ida , Ventorino Valeria , Schettino Mariachiara , Magaraci Giuseppina , Pepe Olimpia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMulching is a common method increasing crop yield and achieving out-of-season production; nevertheless, their removal poses a significant environmental danger. In this scenario, the use of biodegradable plastic mulches comes up as a solution to increase the sustainability of this practice, as they can be tilled in soil without risk for the environment. In this context, it is important to study the microbial response to this practice, considering their direct involvement in plastic biodegradation. This study evaluated the biodegradation of three commercial mulch residues: one conventional non-biodegradable mulch versus two biodegradable ones (white and black compostable Mater-Bi mulches). The experiment was conducted under three incubation temperatures (room temperature 20–25 °C, 30 °C, and 45 °C) for a 6-month trial using fallow agricultural soil. Soil without plastic mulch residues was used as a control. White mater-bi biodegradable mulch residues showed higher degradation rates up to 88.90% at 30 °C, and up to 69.15% at room temperature. Furthermore, incubation at 45 °C determines the absence of degradation for all types of mulch considered. Moreover, bacterial alpha diversity was primarily influenced by plastic type and temperature, while fungal populations were mainly affected by temperature. Beta diversity was impacted by all experimental variables. Predicted functional genes crucial for degrading complex substrates, including those encoding hydrolases, cutinases, cellobiosidases, and lipases, were derived from 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Cluster analysis based on predicted enzyme-encoding gene abundance revealed two clusters, mainly linked to sampling time. Finally, core microbiome analysis identified dominant bacterial and fungal taxa in various soil-plastic ecosystems during degradation, pinpointing species potentially involved in plastic breakdown. The present study allows an assessment of how different temperatures affect the degradation of mulch residues in soil, providing important insights for different climatic growing zones. It also fills a gap in the literature by directly comparing the effects of biodegradable and polyethylene mulches on soil microbial communities.