bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enriching the Surface Properties of Novel SnO2 Doped CoZnO2 Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic, Reduction and Bio‐Medicinal Applications
Authors: Prabha I. , Baskar S. , Nivetha A. , Sakthivel C. , Nandhabala S. , Hemalatha J. , Senthamil C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNovel CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method successfully and analyzed using UV‐Vis, FT‐IR, XRD and SEM analysis etc. The UV‐Vis studies confirmed the absorption values of CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 at 359 and 365 nm respectively and the obtained FT‐IR peaks at 569 and 538 cm−1 revealed the presence of metal‐oxygen bonds successfully. The crystalline size was found to be 21.46 and 40.35 nm. In SEM analysis, CoZnO2 showed the densified un‐uniform particles whereas SnO2 doped CoZnO2 NCs seemed to be bunch of particles combined together. The synthesized NCs have proved the photocatalytic property by confirming the degradation efficiency of 72.22 and 82.22 % against methylene blue (MB) under sunlight irradiation as natural source at the time interval of 120 mins. It is revealed by the enhancement in the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by changing the parameters and the efficiency percentage of 89.46 and 94.52 % at 18 and 16 mins respectively. The adsorption study was carried out by changing different concentrations of targeted pesticide like glyphosate and the percentage (%) efficiency was calculated to be 90.90, 83.53, 78.49 %, and 91.02, 88.23, 80.64 % for CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 effectively. The high inhibition against DPPH was found to be 42.7 and 53.7 % at 500 μg mL−1 and the maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 22 mm against to 240 μg mL−1 of E. coli. Therefore, the current study proposed that the CoZnO2 and SnO2 doped CoZnO2 have good capability for bio‐chemical catalytic applications.
Bis(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorothiophenolato) Iron(III) (α,α,α,β)‐Tetrakis(o–pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin Ion Complex: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Structural Characterization and Computational Studies
Authors: Dhifet Mondher , Gassoumi Bouzid , Issaoui Noureddine , Nasri Habib 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, we present the synthesis of the cryptand‐222)potassium bis(2,3,5,6‐tetrafluorothiophenolato)[α,α,α,β‐tetrakis(o‐pivalamidophenyl) porphyrinato]iron(III) with the formula [K(cryp‐222)][FeIII(TpivPP)(C6HF4S)2] (I). Notably, we started with the (α,α,α,α) atropisomer and the final product is made by the (α,α,α,β) atropisomer as shown by the X‐ray molecular structure of complex I. The crystal structure of our P450 model indicates that the mean equatorial distance between the central ion and the four nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole ring of the porphyrin (Fe−Np) is equal to 1.997(6) Å indicating that complex I is a ferric low‐spin complex (S=1/2). Both X‐ray molecular structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis show that the crystal packing of I is made by C−H⋅⋅⋅O and C−H⋅⋅⋅F weak intermolecular hydrogen interactions involving neighboring [FeIII(TpivPP)(C6HF4S)2]− ion complexes. Furthermore, the characteristics of the HOMO and LUMO molecular frontier orbitals and the reactivity of complex I were investigated by DFT/B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of DFT and a Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) calculation has been made to determine the nucleophilic‐electrophilic of this new ferric metalloporphyrin.
Post‐Adsorption Properties and Thermodynamic Adsorption Parameters of Various Graphene Oxide‐Based Materials
Authors: Le Thi Thu Huong , Ngo Thi Thuong , Han Thi Phuong Nga , Chu Thi Thanh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) and its composites have been widely studied for environmental applications, including for dye removal. In this study, various GO‐based materials namely GF, GFA, and GFC were successfully synthesized and characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM, BET, and TGA methods before and after being used to adsorb methylene blue from aqueous solutions. The BET results reveal that MB molecules most filled in the pores at the size of 100–300 nm of the materials. The adsorption process followed the pseudo‐first‐order equation and Sips isothermal model for all the materials. However, GFA showed the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax=739 mg/g) and the most negative value of ΔG while the least effective material was GFC. The experiment revealed that GF and GFA could remove up to 95.0 % color on the real textile wastewater sample, and the materials are very promising for dye removal application.
When ideologies align: Progressive corporate activism and within‐firm ideological alignment
Authors: McKean Anna E. , King Brayden G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines the association between ideology and firm participation in sociopolitical activism. In particular, it focuses on the ideological alignment between a firm's upper echelons and its general employees. We theorize that participation in progressive corporate activism reflects the ideological views of both the top management team and general employees. By examining firm participation in letter campaigns supporting progressive causes, our findings indicate that ideological alignment between a top management teams and general employees' liberal political leanings is associated with a firm's participation in progressive corporate activism. The CEO's own ideological preferences do not have an independent association with this kind of activism. This article concludes with a discussion of implications for our understanding of corporate political action and nonmarket strategy.Managerial SummaryThis article looks at the relationship between political ideology and firm participation in sociopolitical activism. Although some have argued that firms' activism reflects a CEO's ideological preferences or employee activism, we find that neither explanation fully accounts for the kinds of companies that engage in this kind of activism. We find that progressive corporate activism reflects the ideological views of both top management and general employees. Our findings suggest that companies that have ideological alignment on progressive issues are more likely to take public stands on those issues because the stands reinforce core values held by employees and the top management.
A Minimalist Iron Oxide Nanoprobe for the High‐Resolution Depiction of Stroke by Susceptibility‐Weighted Imaging
Authors: Han Bing , Zhao Yujie , Ma Li , Chen Li , Hou Wenjing , Li Bingjie , Wang Jiaojiao , Yu Jiaojiao , Wang Guohe , He Yujing , Ma Min , Zhou Junzi , Sun Shao‐Kai , Yu Chunshui , Pan Jinbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe precise mapping of collateral circulation and ischemic penumbra is crucial for diagnosing and treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Unfortunately, there exists a significant shortage of high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution in vivo imaging techniques to fulfill this requirement. Herein, a contrast enhanced susceptibility‐weighted imaging (CE‐SWI) using the minimalist dextran‐modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Dextran NPs) are introduced for the highly sensitive and high‐resolution AIS depiction under 9.4 T for the first time. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs are synthesized via a simple one‐pot coprecipitation method using commercial reagents under room temperature. It shows merits of small size (hydrodynamic size 25.8 nm), good solubility, high transverse relaxivity (r2) of 51.3 mM−1s−1 at 9.4 T, and superior biocompatibility. The Fe3O4@Dextran NPs‐enhanced SWI can highlight the cerebral vessels readily with significantly improved contrast and ultrahigh resolution of 0.1 mm under 9.4 T MR scanner, enabling the clear spatial identification of collateral circulation in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. Furthermore, Fe3O4@Dextran NPs‐enhanced SWI facilitates the precise depiction of ischemia core, collaterals, and ischemic penumbra post AIS through matching analysis with other multimodal MR sequences. The proposed Fe3O4@Dextran NPs‐enhanced SWI offers a high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution imaging tool for individualized characterization and personally precise theranostics of stroke patients.
Tailored Polymersomes for Enhanced Oral Drug Delivery: pH‐Sensitive Systems for Intestinal Delivery of Immunosuppressants
Authors: Tollemeto Matteo , Ursulska Sintija , Welzen Pascal L. W. , Thamdrup Lasse H. E. , Malakpour‐Permlid Atena , Li Yudong , Soufi Gohar , Patiño Padial Tania , Christensen Jørn B. , Hagner Nielsen Line , van Hest Jan , Boisen Anja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEnsuring precise drug release at target sites is crucial for effective treatment. Here, pH‐responsive nanoparticles for oral administration of mycophenolate mofetil, an alternative therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease unresponsive to conventional treatments is developed. However, its oral administration presents challenges due to its low solubility in the small intestine and high solubility and absorption in the stomach. Therefore, this aim is to design a drug delivery system capable of maintaining drug solubility compared to the free drug while delaying absorption from the stomach to the intestine. Successful synthesis and assembly of a block copolymer incorporating a pH‐responsive functional group is achieved. Dynamic light scattering indicated a significant change in hydrodynamic size when the pH exceeded 6.5, confirming successful incorporation of the pH‐responsive group. Encapsulation and controlled release of mycophenolate mofetil are efficiently demonstrated, with 90% release observed at intestinal pH. In vitro cell culture studies confirmed biocompatibility, showing no toxicity or adverse effects on Caco‐2 cells. In vivo oral rat studies indicated reduced drug absorption in the stomach and enhanced absorption in the small intestine with the developed formulation. This research presents a promising drug delivery system with potential applications in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
The effects of supplementation of vitamin D to the egg‐yolk extender on cryopreservation of ram semen
Authors: Aktar Ahmet , Toker Mehmed Berk , Koca Davut , Uzun Umit Can , Alcay Selim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the effects of supplementation of vitamin D to the egg‐yolk extender on characteristics of frozen–thawed ram semen.MethodsSemen samples obtained from adult rams were pooled and divided into five equal volumes. It was reconstituted with extenders containing different concentrations of vitamin D: 0 (control), 12.5 (VITD 12.5), 25 (VITD 25), 50 (VITD 50), and 100 ng/mL (VITD 100), and then they were frozen. Sperm motility parameters, plasma membrane functional integrity, acrosomal integrity, DNA fragmentation, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the groups were evaluated after sperm thawing.ResultsTotal motility and progressive motility were higher in VITD 50 than in all other groups (p < 0.05). Higher sperm straightness, linearity, and wooble were higher in VITD 50 than in the control group (p < 0.05). A similar pattern of VITD 50 was observed for plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (p > 0.05).ConclusionsIn the study, it was observed that adding vitamin D to the extender had a beneficial effect on ram spermatological parameters. In addition, it was concluded that the use of the 50 ng/mL vitamin D in the extender provided more effective protection than the other doses.
A perspective on additives for flexible packaging
Authors: Morris Barry A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdditives have been critical to the growth of flexible packaging since its inception nearly 100 years ago. Additives help tailor the performance of new materials to meet packaging needs and to efficiently run on film converting and packaging equipment. Examples include antioxidants for thermo‐oxidative stability during extrusion, slip and antiblock agents to improve film handling and frictional properties, polymer process aides (PPAs) to delay the onset of flow instabilities and increase output, pigments for coloring films and creating light barrier, antifog agents to improve wetting of film surfaces, antistat agents to reduce static charge, and nucleating agents for increasing the rate of crystallization and controlling crystalline morphology. This paper provides a brief history of the development and use of additives in flexible packaging, focusing on polyolefins. It then looks forward at new challenges and opportunities for additive development. One area is regulatory driven, most recently replacing per‐and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)‐containing PPAs with non‐PFAS technology. The industry has had to respond very rapidly to changing regulations and introduce new technology. The challenge is understanding the impact of the new technology on performance. A second area is sustainability where additives will be critical for upgrading the performance of mechanically recycled post‐consumer packaging waste, redesigning flexible packaging structures so that they can be recycled in the PE‐stream, and using bio‐based or compostable polymers. New research methods such as high throughput experimentation, artificial intelligence and computer modeling and simulation will likely accelerate additive development in the future.Highlights
Additives are critical for meeting flexible packaging performance needs.
Additives improve surface and bulk properties and processability.
Replacing PFAS‐containing process aides is a current area of focus.
Sustainability is driving new opportunities for additive development.
New research tools will help accelerate additive development.
Collaborative fire research program using donated human remains
Authors: George Rebecca L. , Passalacqua Nicholas V. , Solomon Darren A. , Schauble David M. , Bintz Brittania J. , Noel Hannah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBeginning in 2020, Western Carolina University (WCU)'s Forensic Anthropology Program began a research partnership with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) Fire Programs and Training Branch on burned human remains via a continuing education (CE) course. This course has evolved since its original inception to include a controlled burn utilizing donated human remains. The content of the CE course is primarily geared toward law enforcement, fire investigators, medicolegal investigators, and crime scene technicians. The 2021 course was the first to utilize a donor from WCU's Body Donation Program, a willed‐body program where donors or their next‐of‐kin can provide additional consent for skeletal modification and/or genetics studies. In addition to the educational purposes of running a controlled burn within a flashover cell, small research projects are also being conducted. Bullets were inserted into the 2021 donor to test various detection methods for utility within fire investigations. For the 2022 course, WCU's Forensic Science Program joined this partnership; they inserted seminal fluid into bodily cavities to examine the recovery of genetic material from a secondary contributor after a high‐intensity, low‐duration fire. The preservation of sharp force trauma in soft tissues was also examined during this course. Genetic material recovery was retested in the 2023 course, as well as examinations of cranial blunt force trauma and blood preservation within a scene. These courses are generating a sample of thermally altered human remains for future research and education, in addition to providing insights useful for fire investigators.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Anthropology > Trauma Analysis
Forensic Anthropology > Taphonomic Changes and the Environment
Machine learning applied to tourism: A systematic review
Authors: Núñez José Carlos Sancho , Gómez‐Pulido Juan A. , Ramírez Rafael Robina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe application of machine learning techniques in the field of tourism is experiencing a remarkable growth, as they allow to propose efficient solutions to problems present in this sector, by means of an intelligent analysis of data in their specific context. The increase of work in this field requires an exhaustive analysis through a quantitative approach of research activity, contributing to a deeper understanding of the progress of this field. Thus, different approaches in the field of tourism will be analyzed, such as planning, forecasting, recommendation, prevention, and security, among others. As a result of this analysis, among other findings, the greater impact of supervised learning in the field of tourism, and more specifically those techniques based on neural networks, has been confirmed. The results of this study would allow researchers not only to have the most up‐to‐date and accurate overview of the application of machine learning in tourism, but also to identify the most appropriate techniques to apply to their domain of interest, as well as other similar approaches with which to compare their own solutions.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Society and Culture
Technologies > Machine Learning
Application Areas > Business and Industry
Altered S‐AdenosylMethionine availability impacts dNTP pools in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Panmanee Warunya , Tran Men T. H. , Seye Serigne N. , Strome Erin D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae has long been used as a model organism to study genome instability. The SAM1 and SAM2 genes encode AdoMet synthetases, which generate S‐AdenosylMethionine (AdoMet) from Methionine (Met) and ATP. Previous work from our group has shown that deletions of the SAM1 and SAM2 genes cause changes to AdoMet levels and impact genome instability in opposite manners. AdoMet is a key product of methionine metabolism and the major methyl donor for methylation events of proteins, RNAs, small molecules, and lipids. The methyl cycle is interrelated to the folate cycle which is involved in de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides (dATP, dTTP, dCTP, and dGTP). AdoMet also plays a role in polyamine production, essential for cell growth and used in detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintenance of the redox status in cells. This is also impacted by the methyl cycle's role in production of glutathione, another ROS scavenger and cellular protectant. We show here that sam2∆/sam2∆ cells, previously characterized with lower levels of AdoMet and higher genome instability, have a higher level of each dNTP (except dTTP), contributing to a higher overall dNTP pool level when compared to wildtype. Unchecked, these increased levels can lead to multiple types of DNA damage which could account for the genome instability increases in these cells.
Enhancing Accessibility in Sports and Cultural Live Events: A Web Application for Deaf, Hard of Hearing, Blind, Low Vision, and All Individuals
Authors: Shiraishi Yuhki , Hiraga Rumi , Wakatsuki Daisuke , Kobayashi Makoto , Suzuki Takuya , Zhong Ying , Shionome Takeaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the issue in live events, especially in sports viewing, where individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing (DHH), blind, or have low vision (BLV) struggle to access sufficient information. Traditionally, information accessibility has relied on specific professionals or volunteers, which is often inadequate. To tackle this challenge, we propose a mechanism that facilitates information sharing for all individuals, regardless of their abilities. We have developed an inclusive web application tailored to address these needs. This application is beneficial not only for DHH and BLV individuals but also for all audiences. Additionally, the system’s applicability extends to other domains, such as museum visits. This paper details the newly developed web application and presents the outcomes of pilot studies conducted in sports viewing and museum settings with DHH and BLV participants. The results of these experiments are analyzed to assess the system’s effectiveness and to identify future improvement areas.
Closed Sign Language Interpreting: A Usability Study
Authors: Boudreault Patrick , Abubakar Muhammad , Duran Andrew , Lam Bridget , Liu Zehui , Vogler Christian , Kushalnagar Raja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClosed sign language interpreting makes media accessible to deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers who use sign language as their primary mode of communication. Analogous to subtitles, this feature allows to toggle sign language interpretation on and off, and customize its appearance in conjunction with videos. This paper provides information on designing closed interpreting in a media player through a pair of mixed-method studies. The first study assesses the usability of technical sign language interpreting features, while the second one assesses how users interact with the content. Results indicate above-average usability for the technical features. Additionally, preliminary results suggest that the optimal configuration of the SLI depends on the type of content viewed and that user preferences vary. Overall, the customizability of features and placement will be important in closed-interpreting implementations.
Customization of Closed Captions via Large Language Models
Authors: Arroyo Chavez Mariana , Thompson Bernard , Feanny Molly , Alabi Kafayat , Kim Minchan , Ming Lu , Glasser Abraham , Kushalnagar Raja , Vogler Christian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the feasibility of employing artificial intelligence and large language models (LLMs) to customize closed captions/subtitles to match the personal needs of deaf and hard of hearing viewers. Drawing on recorded live TV samples, it compares user ratings of caption quality, speed, and understandability across five experimental conditions: unaltered verbatim captions, slowed-down verbatim captions, moderately and heavily edited captions via ChatGPT, and lightly edited captions by an LLM optimized for TV content by AppTek, LLC. Results across 16 deaf and hard of hearing participants show a significant preference for verbatim captions, both at original speeds and in the slowed-down version, over those edited by ChatGPT. However, a small number of participants also rated AI-edited captions as best. Despite the overall poor showing of AI, the results suggest that LLM-driven customization of captions on a per-user and per-video basis remains an important avenue for future research.
A Novel Fatigue Crack Angle Quantitative Monitoring Method Based on Rotating Alternating Current Field Measurement
Authors: Yuan Xin’an , Li Wei , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao , Zhao Jianchao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnder complicated fatigue loading conditions, cracks initiate nd grow in the arbitrary direction from corrosion pits in the aerospace equipment. The monitoring of crack propagation angle is very important for the safety assessment of the aerospace equipment, which is still a challenge by the conventional structural health monitoring (SHM) method. In this paper, a novel crack angle quantitative monitoring method is presented based on the rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM). A theoretical model of the crack angle measuring method is established to analyze the perturbation principle of the induced electromagnetic field. The relationships between the angle, length and depth of the crack and the Bz signal are analyzed. The probe and testing system are established, and experiments are carried out. The results show that the phase of the Bz signal has a linear relationship with the crack angle for the same crack, and the amplitude of the Bz signal can correct the crack angle for the different cracks. The angle of fatigue cracks can be quantitatively measured by the Bz phase difference method based on the RACFM.