bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of 2,4‐D Herbicide from Water Environment on Modified Silica Gel Factory Waste
Authors: Koner Suman , Pal Anjali , Adak Asok 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: The solid waste collected from a local silica gel factory was utilized as an adsorbing media for the removal of the herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) after its surface modification with cationic surfactant. Characterization was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis of raw and modified waste. The experiments on the sorption process were conducted for kinetic analysis, effect of initial 2,4‐D concentration, adsorbent dose, dissolved salts, pH, surfactant surface coverage, temperature, and shaking speed to understand sorption behavior in batch mode. Presence of electrolyte, solution pH, and temperature were found to affect the performance of the adsorbent. The sorption was found to best follow the pseudo‐second order reaction kinetics model and the Redlich‐Peterson isotherm model. The studies revealed surfactant‐modified silica gel waste (SMSGW) to be an efficient adsorbing media for removal of 2,4‐D.
Removal of Estrogenic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions Using Zeolites
Authors: Liu Jin , Carr Steve A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: The adsorption capacities of 17β‐estradiol (E2) onto two Y type zeolites (CBV‐100 and CBV‐901), a ZSM zeolite (CBV‐28014), and a silicalite zeolite (HISIV‐3000) in water were investigated. The CBV‐901 extrudate, which has a lower ratio of silicon dioxide/aluminum oxide (SiO2/Al2O3) than CBV‐28014 and less surface area than CBV‐100, had the highest adsorption affinity for 17β‐estradiol. At an equilibrium concentration of 0.09 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of E2 by CBV‐901 extrudate was 8.24 mg/g, whereas the E2 adsorption capacities of CBV‐28014, HISIV‐3000, CBV‐100 were all <0.05 mg/g. CBV‐901 had adsorption affinities for other estrogens such as estrone (E1) and estriol (E3). In a mixture of E1, E2, and E3, CBV‐901 extrudate showed a greater affinity for E1 and E2 than for E3. The CBV‐901 extrudate was also studied for the adsorption of E1, E2, EE2 (17β‐ethynylestradiol), progesterone, 4‐nonylphenol, and 4‐tert‐octylphenol in a spiked effluent. Results showed a promising prospect of CBV‐901 for the removal of estrogenic compounds in aqueous solutions.
Monochloramine Decay for Two Chlorine to Ammonia Ratios in Bulk Water
Authors: Zhou Lingling , Zhang Yongji , Zeng Guo 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT: Within the context of the treatment of tap water as a research objective, a bulk model has been developed to describe chloramines decay for chlorine to ammonia ratios of 3:1 and 4:1. The model is based on studies of isolated individual reactions and also concerning the chloramines decay as a whole. The experimental results were used to estimate and verify the model for use in actual drinking water distribution systems under various chloramines conditions. The overall model formulation works reasonably well in describing chloramines decay in bulk water containing natural organic matter (NOM) and nitrite over a variety of reaction conditions. The data show that the auto‐decomposition rate of chloramines is faster in the presence of NOM in bulk water for a chlorine to ammonia ratio (Cl:N) of 3:1 versus 4:1. In contrast, the decay rate caused by nitrite is independent of the Cl:N ratio. The decay rate increases with the NOM and nitrite concentrations and the temperature, but decreases with increasing pH. The effect of higher temperature on chloramines loss was more marked at the 3:1 Cl:N ratio.
Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on thyroid hormone, neurodevelopment and fertility in rodents and humans
Authors: Czerska Marta , Zieliński Marek , Kamińska Joanna , Ligocka Danuta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants. Due to their widespread use in many consumer products, PBDEs can be found in food as well as in the environment. Their presence has also been found in the human serum, human adipose tissue and human breast milk. Results of experimental studies suggest that the presence of PBDE in the environment is not neutral to our health. In rats and mice exposed to PBDE disturbances in thyroid hormone homeostasis and reproductive system such as changes in reproductive organs weight and disorders in sperm motility and motion were found. In rodents, pre- and postnatal exposure to PBDE can cause neurobehavioral effects. Also in humans disturbances in thyroid hormone system, weight of reproductive organs and concentrations of sex hormones associated with PBDEs serum concentrations were found. Exposure to PBDEs during pregnancy may lead to slower mental and psychomotor development in infants. In this paper the results of previous animal and human studies are reviewed.
Control, Resistance, and Racism in the Contemporary Prison
Authors: Demers Jason 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: By 2009, more than 2 million Americans were in prison and an additional 5 million were in jail, on probation, or on parole. Statistics such as these have resulted in a general unease with the way that the United States punishes its citizens, but the causes of America’s prison binge are specific, and the pains prison generates are not experienced uniformly across racial and gender lines. This essay reviews three books on contemporary trends in American prisons and imprisonment: Sharon Shalev’s Supermax: Controlling Risk through Solitary Confinement, Victoria Law’s Resistance behind Bars: The Struggles of Incarcerated Women, and Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. Each of these three books identifies major structural problems within the current paradigm of mass imprisonment.
“Mortality as the Life Story of a People”: Frederick L. Hoffman and Actuarial Narratives of African American Extinction, 1896–1915
Authors: Lawrie Paul R.D. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract:This paper examines the efforts of Frederick L. Hoffman—a statistician and actuary with Prudential Life Insurance—to chart African American proletarianization through actuarial narratives of race suicide in turn-of-the-century America. Drawing on works such as “Vital Statistics of the Negro” (1892), Race Traits and Tendencies of the American Negro (1896), and Hoffman’s voluminous personal correspondence, this paper details how the young actuary used the metrics of crime, race mixing, and the broadly defined “vital capacity” (a measure of respiratory health) to quantify the respective social, physical, and economic effects of African Americans’ transition from bonded to contract labour. With the rise of corporate industrial insurance, health—or more specifically death—became a key commodity in racial labour division. Positing mortality as the primary marker of racial health, actuaries such as Hoffman drew on the narrative discourses of evolutionary theory to quantify and monetize shifts in political economy through the rhetoric of race suicide. Paired with the narrative structures of scientific management, these actuarial narratives of racial health told stories of development and decline, efficiency and inefficiency, and the constant tension between civilization and savagery. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and the desire to maintain the hierarchies of white supremacy made the figure of the “vanishing Negro” an imperative of turn-of-the-century American political economy and a cautionary tale of the perils of racial decline in a rapidly modernizing world.
Present Status on the Use of Anabolic Steroids and Feed Additives in Small Scale Cattle Fattening in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam MH , Hashem MA , Hossain MM , Islam MS , Rana MS , Habibullah M 
Published: October 2013

This study was conducted to find out the relationship among different aspects of cattle fattening and use of anabolic steroids and feed additives. The data were collected through an interview schedule from 150 respondents of 6 upazila of 3 districts who were involved in small scale cattle fattening. Parameters were studied in relation to socio-economic conditions of farmers and use of anabolic steroids and feed additives and their effects on animals and environment. In this study 72% farmers' were involved in agriculture, followed by 23.3% in livestock business. About 46% farmers had primary education, 10.7% had higher secondary school certificates, 5% obtained above higher secondary education and the rest of them were illiterate. Irrespective of literacy only 9.3% of the farmer had training. About 89.3% respondents used their own labors, 7.3% dependent on hired labor and the rest 3.3% get labour from both sources. Results showed that about 58% respondents used anabolic steroids for the duration of 3 to 6 months long cattle fattening (P<0.001) program. The chi-square (14.09) value of annual income indicates that with increase of annual income, use of anabolic steroids have decreased. The significant (P<0.01) association was observed in case of anabolic steroids and source of money, annual income, number of cattle fattening, breeds, fattening period, starting and finishing age. The rs value of annual income, source of money, starting and finishing age were positively correlated with feed additives. About 78% respondents used feed additives for cattle fattening from own resources (P<0.001) and most of cattle fattened for 3 to 6 months (P<0.01). The result demonstrated that respondents of low annual income used more anabolic steroid and feed additives as a growth promoter for cattle fattening and they prefer in powder form.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16553Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 1  13, 2012
Effect of Salt and Storage Temperature on Beef Sausage Quality
Authors: Luna R , Hashem MA , Ali MS , Hossain MM , Talukder MAK , Islam MS 
Published: October 2013

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of salt and storage temperature on the quality of sausage. For this purpose sausage samples were divided into two portions. One is called fresh sausage and another is preserved sausage at different temperature. Then the fresh samples as well as the preserved samples were divided into four subdivisions, treated with different salt levels and e.g. control group-0% and the others are 1.5%, 3% and 5% of salt concentration. The preserved samples were stored at 4°C and -20°C. Samples preserved at 4°C were stored in the refrigerator for 21 days and were analyzed on 7th, 14th and 21th day and on the other hand samples preserved at -20°C were stored in the freezer for 60 days and were analyzed on 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th day. Dry matter and Ash content of all the samples increased with the advancement of storage time and salt concentration level. Dry matter in fresh sample was less compared to preserved samples. Crude protein (CP) percent of fresh samples were 23.13, 22.63, 22.48 and 22.44 at different salt concentration level. The values of CP, DM, Ash & Fat also varied among the samples significantly (P<0.01). Sausage can be preserved for 60 days in different techniques with different changes in the quality. Highly significant difference was observed in preserved samples than in fresh samples at different salt levels. Fresh sausage treated with 1.5% salt found to be more acceptable in terms of sensory evaluation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16561Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 15  24, 2012
Effects of Fish Population Densities on Growth and Production of Fishes
Authors: Apu JK , Rahman MS , Rashid H 
Published: October 2013

The experiment was carried out under three treatments each with two replications. Fish population density was 80 fish per decimal (silver carp 32, tilapia 32 and mrigal 16) under treatment-1, 120 fish per decimal (silver carp 48, tilapia 48 and mrigal 24) under treatment-2 and 160 fish per decimal (silver carp 64, tilapia 64 and mrigal 32) under treatment-3. The average initial length and weight of the fingerlings of silver carp, tilapia and mrigal were 7.49, 5.12, and 5.56 cm and 8.00, 2.00 and 1.50 g respectively. The ponds were fertilized fortnightly with cowdung, urea and TSP (triple super phosphate) at the rates of 5 kg, 60 g, and 90 g per decimal, respectively. During the experimental period, the range of water temperature (30.20 to 32.90°C), transparency (28 to 38 cm), dissolved oxygen (8.20 to 10.60 mg/L), pH (6.90 to 7.90), total alkalinity (92.00 to 127.00 mg/L), free CO2 (1.00 to 1.60 mg/L), phosphate-phosphorus (1.00 to 1.90 mg/L), and nitrate-nitrogen (1.90 to 3.90 mg/L) were within the productive range and more or less similar in all the ponds under three treatments. There were 25 genera of phytoplankton under five major groups and 10 genera of zooplankton under three major groups in the experimental ponds. The calculated net fish production of the ponds under treatment-1 was 2.62 ton/ha/yr and that of the ponds under treatment-2 was 4.42 ton/ha/yr and that of the ponds under treatment-3 was 5.18 ton/ha/yr. The net fish production under treatment-2 and treatment -3 were 195.58% and 229.20% higher than that of treatment-1, taking net fish production under treatment-1 for 100%. According to profit-cost analysis the ratios of net profit and total cost under treatments 1, 2, and 3 were 1:0.25, 1:0.45, and 1:0.44. According to growth and production treatment-3 is the best, and according to the profit-cost analysis, treatment-2 (ratio 1:0.45) is the best but it is almost same to that of treatment-3. So, the population density of 160 fish per decimal (under treatment-3) might be considered best. It seems that proper determination of stocking density of different fishes in polyculture is very important to increase fish production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16566Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 63  73, 2012
Utilization Pattern of Crop Residues at Farm Level: Evidence from Diversified Rice-Based Cropping Systems in Bangladesh
Authors: Akteruzzaman M , Zaman M 
Published: October 2013

The study aims to examine the utilization of crop residues of 458 farm households covering four districts in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected during October to December 2012 through field survey following purposive sampling. The evidence showed that the average age of the respondents were 40.23 years with an average family size of 4.84. About 37.12% respondents had above primary level of education and 81% respondents were engaged primarily in agriculture. The average farm size was found to be 2.61 acre. The annual household income was found BDT 215,584 of which 75 and 25% came from agriculture and non-agriculture sources, respectively. The study areas were mostly dominated by rice based cropping systems. Among the crop, rice alone contributed 83.14% of the total cultivated land followed by vegetables (41.76%), pulses (39.08%) and jute with cropping intensities ranges from 153.16 to 282.12%. The whole retention of boro rice was found higher than aman rice and oilseeds and maize were found higher than all crops. No retention of crop residues was found in case of jute and pulses. It was indicated that the retention rate varied crop to crop as well as location to location. The distance had also another major factor on the retention of crop residues. The households were benefited from retention of crop residues by improving soil health, add soil nutrients, improving soil structure and increasing water conservation to the field. The crop residues were mostly used for animal feed followed by cooking fuel and add organic matter to the field. The used cooking fuel come from their own fuel wood (about 14-53%), own crop residues (about 10-25%) and from cowdung (about 4-22%), respectively. The sources of animal feed was found from own crops (about 3- 52%), own crop residues (about 16-18%) and from green grass (about 6-24%), respectively. The constraints to retention crop residues and uses were the lack of proper method of harvesting, transporting them to the house, deficit labor and uneconomic. Finally, the study suggests for conducting training on appropriate methods of harvesting, processing of retention crop residues and improvement of transportation of harvested crop at home properly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16575Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 111  122, 2012
A Comparative Economic Study on BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23 Production in a Selected Area of Dinajpur District
Authors: Islam MT , Uddin MT , Sattar MN 
Published: October 2013

This study was designed to determine the costs, returns and relative profitability of BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23 production in Dinajpur district. In total 60 farmers were selected of whom 30 produced BARI GOM-23 and 30 produced BARI GOM-24 from two villages of Khanshama Upazila of Dinajpur district. Cost-return and functional analyses were done to achieve the objectives of the study. It was revealed that the cultivation of both BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23 were profitable for the farmers. Per hectare gross cost of production of BARI GOM-23 and BARI GOM-24 were Tk. 49898.54 and Tk. 54104.15, respectively and the corresponding gross returns were Tk. 77715.02 and Tk. 65608.44. The per hectare net returns of producing of BARI GOM-23 and BARI GOM-24 were Tk. 27816.48 and Tk. 11504.29, respectively. The results indicated that BARI GOM-24 was more profitable than BARI GOM-23. Cobb-Douglas production function was applied to address the effects of individual inputs on gross return of BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23. It was observed that most of the included variables had significant impact on gross return from BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23 production and gross return could be increased further by increasing the use of some inputs like human labour, seed and fertilizer. The study also identified some problems faced by the producers in producing BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23. Based on the findings of the study, some recommendations were made to improve the cultivation and management practices for BARI GOM-24 and BARI GOM-23 farming in order to increase the income of the farmers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16576Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 123  132, 2012
Factors Affecting Farm and Non-Farm Income of <i>Haor</i> Inhabitants of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin MT , Akteruzzaman M 
Published: October 2013

The study has been conducted to examine the factors influencing farm and nonfarm income of Haor economy in Bangladesh. Dingaputa Haor area of Netrokona district was selected for the present study and a sample of 60 farmers had been taken randomly. The log linear form of Cobb-Douglas production function was chosen to determine the effects of socioeconomic variables on farm income and non-farm income. Apart from this, some descriptive statistical analysis were done to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of sampled households. The estimated results of the regression models revealed that family size and farm size had a significant positive effect on farm income and non-farm income had a significant negative effect on farm income. On the other hand, family size had a positive and significant effect on non-farm income and farm income had a negative and significant effect on non-farm income. To promote the farm and non-farm sector income and strengthening its potential linkages between them, the study mainly recommends increasing efforts on two fronts: first, reforming the institutions responsible for rural development and second, development activities and projects that would enhance farm and non-farm income and the linkages between them.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16578Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 143  150, 2012
Battery Operated <i>USG</i> Applicator
Authors: Ahmed MR , Billah MM , Ziauddin ATM 
Published: October 2013

Nowadays USG application in paddy field is an innovative technology to reduce the nitrogen fertilizer losses in the field. Manual application of USG in the field by hand between four seedlings is very much time consuming, costly and back breaking task. As a result different models of USG applicator were developed in home and abroad. Most of the applicators are manually pushed or pull type. An applicator was designed and developed to operate by a DC electric motor. In this machine 12 Volt 9 AH rechargeable battery was used. Power was transmitted by pulley and v-belt from the motor to the driven wheel. The average missing rate was found 4.84% and the average applicator capacity was found 19.37 kg/hr and the average field capacity was found 0.0924 ha/hr. When the machine operated in the unpuddled land, distance between two dropped guti was found averagely 38.76 cm. By selecting more powerful motor, the machine performance can be improved.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v23i1-2.16618Progress. Agric. 23(1 & 2): 75  80, 2012
Un tutorat dévoyé
Authors: Papinot Christian 
Published: October 2013

L’analyse des refus de formation des nouveaux dans un contexte industriel à forte intensité de main-d’œuvre intérimaire permet de comprendre, au-delà des conditions objectives de « concurrence entre égaux » comment les tensions et malentendus peuvent naître et se développer entre ouvriers intérimaires et permanents. L’idéal des normes professionnelles de transmission des savoir-faire se trouve en effet grippé dans ce contexte organisationnel et les ouvriers permanents sont pris dans des injonctions contradictoires, entre leur ethos professionnel et leur positionnement vis-à-vis d’une politique de flexibilité externe réprouvée. Toutes les conditions sont alors réunies pour produire des situations de tensions et de malentendus entre intérimaires et permanents, engendrer des incompréhensions réciproques et rendre plus compliqués les coopérations productives tout comme les mécanismes de reproduction professionnelle.
Classifications ouvrières et confrontation de générations d'ouvriers qualifiés : vers une remise en cause de l'ordre de l'ancienneté ?
Authors: Misset Séverine 
Published: October 2013

À partir d’une enquête de terrain réalisée dans une entreprise de l’industrie métallurgique, cet article analyse comment une confrontation entre générations ouvrières autour de la prise en compte du diplôme et de l’ancienneté, liée à la multiplication des bacheliers professionnels au sein du groupe des ouvriers qualifiés, se voit renouvelée lors de l’introduction d’une nouvelle grille de classification se réclamant d’une « logique compétence ». Si celle-ci semble au premier abord bouleverser les principes de gestion de la population en remettant en cause l’ordre de l’ancienneté, le partage de cet ordre, y compris par l’encadrement de proximité, permet de nuancer ce point de vue.
Le corps des filles à l'épreuve des filières scolaires masculines
Authors: Thomas Julie 
Published: October 2013

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux corps des jeunes femmes investissant des formations « masculines ». Plus exactement, les évolutions de leurs pratiques se rapportant au corps et à l’apparence, leurs discours – ainsi que ceux de leur entourage familial et scolaire –, ont été pris comme analyseurs des manières de « faire le genre » des enquêtées. Les différentes formes d’articulations des socialisations primaires et des effets de contexte sont au principe de manières différenciées de « faire le genre » chez nos enquêtées : tâcher de « s’imposer » en gardant une apparence « masculine », s’invisibiliser pour faire oublier son sexe et « neutraliser » les garçons, ou féminiser son apparence.
De la diversité des formes d'atteinte au consentement : les contours du mariage forcé
Authors: Abu Amara Nisrin , Guiné Anouk , Hamel Christelle 
Published: October 2013

Cet article examine les conditions d’expression et d’extorsion du consentement au moment du mariage chez des femmes immigrées et descendantes d’immigré.e.s résidant en France. Une typologie élaborée à partir de 29 entretiens semi-directifs a permis de rendre compte de la diversité des circonstances et des processus ayant entravé la volonté des personnes. Les résultats montrent que le consentement peut être extorqué dans le cadre d’unions arrangées par les familles comme d’unions non-arrangées mais imposées par le conjoint ou encore par les conditions de vie, et que ces unions mènent souvent à des situations de violences conjugales.