bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Approach to The Geometry of Persian Domes; The case study of Shah Nimatullah Vali shrine
Authors: Nezhad Akbar Dehghan , Daryani Nassim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Sometimes, history comes to us through historians and sometimes true artists. Creating masterpieces such as paintings, carpet weaving, sculpturing, and architecting eye-catching buildings, were among the ways artists of the past used to convey their beliefs and the history of their regions to the future generations. Therefore it is necessary to maintain the link between past and future generations by protecting and restoring these works. Mathematicians claim that one of the most efficient ways for this purpose is to know the geometric features of the relics. In this article, we will research a type of historical building i.e. domed roofs specially. The fundamental properties of these structures are based on the fact that they had been built by rotating a generating arc around the vertical axis called Shahang on a foundation called a drum. This concept is analogous to the definition of the surface of revolution in differential geometry. Modeling domes by using this concept and performing mathematical calculations on them, provides us with detailed information about the behavior of these structures.
As an example, we are going to investigate the cause of the collapse of a part of the dome of Shah Nimatullah Vali shrine, by using mathematical tools.
Methods for assessing exercise fidelity in unsupervised home-based cardiovascular rehabilitation: A scoping review
Authors: Jarallah Mohammad , Withers Thomas , Rosewilliam Sheeba , Stathi Afroditi , Greaves Colin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is increasingly popular for patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, this mode of rehabilitation involves unsupervised exercise, making it challenging to assess, correct, and monitor exercise fidelity (the extent to which the patient performs the exercise intended by the intervention provider). This review aimed to identify the range, validity, and acceptability of measures for assessing exercise fidelity in unsupervised, home-based cardiovascular rehabilitation.
Methods
We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Medline, and PyschInfo for studies published between 2000 and 2021 to identify observational studies, trials, and protocols published in English with a home-based cardiovascular rehabilitation intervention and at least one measure of exercise fidelity (e.g., adherence to the intended frequency, intensity, time, type, safety, progression/regression). Two reviewers selected eligible studies and extracted data, including study characteristics, exercise components, adherence definition, adherence measures, and data on measurement validity or acceptability. We conducted a narrative synthesis using a comprehensive definition of exercise fidelity, which evolved as the analysis progressed.
Results
Forty-seven articles describing 41 studies were included. Exercise intensity was the most commonly measured fidelity component (34/41 studies), followed by exercise frequency (27/41 studies). Exercise intensity was mostly assessed by wearable devices (27/41 studies). Frequency of exercise was most commonly assessed subjectively using a self-reported exercise log or dairy, but also (objectively) using wearable devices. Exercise quantity was most commonly assessed (in terms of time or duration) by self-reported exercise logs, diaries and wearable devices, or (in terms of steps or distance) mostly by wearable devices (pedometers, other step activity monitors). Safety was only assessed in 8/41 studies. No studies monitor progression or regression of exercise. No studies assessed the quality of exercise (accuracy of movement) or the appropriateness of progression or regression.
Conclusions
Most studies to date have conceptualised exercise fidelity or adherence narrowly, ignoring important elements of the initial exercise prescription and many have relied on non-validated self-report measures. We present a comprehensive framework for assessing exercise fidelity, which may be useful for designing more robust assessments of exercise fidelity in home-based rehabilitation programmes.
Low BMI Is Not a Risk Factor for Scoliosis, but Female Sex Is: Insights from a Large-Scale Study in Wuxi, China
Authors: Yang Dong , Zhao Zhiyang , Wang Jun , Jiang Yingzi , Villa Juan J. , Yu Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Scoliosis, characterized by lateral curvature of the spine, is a common concern in pediatric populations. While various risk factors have been proposed, the association between low body mass index (BMI) and scoliosis remains debated.
Methods
A large-scale screening study was conducted in Wuxi, China, in 2023, involving elementary school-aged children (10–17 years old). A total of 15,953 children were screened for scoliosis, and those with a Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more underwent further evaluation.
Results
Of the screened children, only 3.7% had a low BMI, and among those with a Cobb angle of 10 degrees or more, only 2.8% had a low BMI. These findings suggest that a low BMI is not a significant risk factor for the development of scoliosis in this population.
Conclusion
Contrary to previous assumptions, our study suggests that a low BMI does not appear to be a predisposing factor for scoliosis among elementary school-aged children in Wuxi, China. However, our findings indicate that female sex is a significant risk factor. These findings have implications for understanding the multifactorial nature of scoliosis etiology and may inform future screening and prevention efforts.
Research trends and Perspectives of Electric vehicle adoption in Climate change: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: M NANTHAKUMAR , Raja S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of electric vehicles on climate change. In the 1990s, electric vehicle use and research increased worldwide. Yet, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to assess the relevance of adapting electric vehicles to climate change, filling this paper's research gap. The study used the Web of Science Database, we combine 39 search terms using advanced Boolean logic string. We obtained 866 records, of which only 797 were analyzed. Subject areas, relationships between keywords, international productivity and the development of most cited publications were used to analyze and understand the assumptions of the most cited literature on electric vehicles, a network of co-authors of scholarly journals. China, the UK, the US and Canada focus on climate issues and use maximum electric vehicles. Academic institutions such as the Helmholtz Association, the United States Department of Energy, and the University of California System focus on battery waste management. The fields of chemistry, energy fuels, business and engineering have initiated research on alternative sources. This study reveals that the number of articles published annually is low, which shows the lack of interest in this study's conclusion. We conclude our study with keyword analysis and literature based collaboration analysis. Further specializations can be used to carry out detailed research on flaws.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Asthma Treatments Over Time: A Comparative Analysis Using Repeated Measure Models and Multilevel models of Longitudinal Data
Authors: Agbota Lawrence Mensah , Nsiah Abraham , Abubakari Sadick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To asses the long-term effectiveness of asthma treatments by comparing the utility of repeated measure models (RMM) and multilevel models (MLM) in analyzing longitudinal data of pulmonary function measured by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), over an extended periods.
Subject and Methods:
Seventy-two asthma patients were randomized into three groups: standard drug (a), test drug (c), and placebo (p), with 24 patients each. Forced expiratory volume (FEV1) was measured hourly for 8 hours post-treatment, plus a baseline measurement. Repeated measure models (RMM) and Multilevel models (MLM) were used to analyze forced expiratory volume (FEV1) changes over time.
Results:
The repeated measures model with an unstructured covariance matrix proved most effective, as indicated by Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) of 342.45, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) of 445, and corrected AIC (AICC) of 349.7. This model displayed a correlation decrease in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) from 0.7124 to 0.6429 over 8 hours, with a standard error of 0.1448.
Conclusion:
The study supports the use of repeated measures models with an unstructured covariance matrix for analyzing the efficacy of asthma treatments over time. This model effectively captured the dynamics of treatment effects on respiratory function, adhering to assumptions such as linearity, homoscedasticity, normality, and absence of significant outliers, thereby providing robust and reliable results.
Steatotic liver disease in metastatic breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitor
Authors: Malon Diego , Molto Consolacion , Prasla Shopnil , Cuthbert Danielle , Pathak Neha , Berner-Wygoda Yael , lorio Massimo Di , Li Meredith , Savill Jacqueline , Mittal Abhenil , Amir Eitan , Jhaveri Kartik , Nadler Michelle B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In early-stage breast cancer, steatotic liver disease (SLD) is associated with increased recurrence, cardiovascular events, and non-cancer death. Endocrine therapy (ET) increases the risk of SLD. The impact of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) on SLD and prognostic association in metastatic breast cancer is unknown. We characterized the incidence, prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of SLD in metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer receiving CDK4/6i.
Methods
This single institution, retrospective, cohort study included patients with metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer receiving first-line ET and CDK4/6i from January 2018 to June 2022. SLD was defined as a Liver Attenuation Index (LAI) > 25 HU on contrast-enhanced CT scans and/or > 10 HU on plain CT scans. Univariable binary-logistic regression was used to assess associations with SLD. Time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards modeling.
Results
Among 87 patients with a median age of 58 years and 65.5% postmenopausal, 50 (57.5%) had SLD at anytime (24 at baseline, 26 acquired). SLD at baseline was quantitatively but not statistically associated with age > 65, post-menopausal status, diabetes, smoking, and HER2-low status. SLD at anytime was statistically significantly associated with longer TTF (median 470 vs 830.5 days, HR = 0.38, p < 0.001). No significant differences in OS or grade 3/4 adverse events were observed between groups.
Conclusion
This study demonstrated a high prevalence of SLD in this population, with SLD presence associated with longer TTF. SLD may be an indicator of better outcomes in metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients treated with CDK4/6i.
In-hospital trends of non-communicable disease mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic at a regional referral hospital in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Olds Peter K. , Nuwagira Edwin , Obwoya Paul S. , Kansiime Grace , Musinguzi Nicholas , Tumwekwatse Lenus , Ninsiima Racheal , Mwesigwa Shadia , Mujuni Daniel , Okii Ronald Awani , Atimango Lorna , Haberer Jessica E. , Okello Samson 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a growing health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. In Uganda, 33% of deaths were attributed to NCDs in 2016 and to-date many health facilities are ill-equipped to properly manage NCDs. The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges for the healthcare system in Uganda, though changes in hospital admissions and outcomes for adults with NCDs and without COVID-19 infection remain unknown.
Methods
Between March 1, 2019, and August 31, 2021, we conducted a chart review of Ugandan adults who carried a history of or were admitted for an NCD. Based on mortality trends, we broke admissions into three periods: Pre-Pandemic (March 1, 2019, to May 31, 2020), Early Pandemic (June 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021), and Late Pandemic (April 1, 2021, to August 31, 2021), and calculated admission and mortality rate for the most common NCD diagnoses during these periods. A multivariable logistic regression model was fitted for a primary outcome of in-hospital mortality.
Results
Of 3,777 total individuals, 1,655 were admitted Pre-Pandemic, 1,423 in the Early Pandemic, and 699 in the Late Pandemic. We found a five-fold increase in mortality in the Early Pandemic period compared to the Pre-Pandemic and Late Pandemic periods (15.4 vs 2.9 vs 2.4, p < 0.001). Factors associated with an increased odds for in-hospital mortality included admission with hypotension (OR 2.4; 95%CI 1.6, 3.6; p < 0.001) or hypertensive urgency (OR 1.6; 95%CI 1.1, 2.4; p = 0.03), each unit increase in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (OR 1.4; 95%CI 1.3, 1.5; p < 0.001), and each unit increase in Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.2; 95%CI 1.0, 1.3; p = 0.045).
Conclusions
NCD-associated in-hospital mortality was high in the early COVID-19 pandemic period. Disruptions in longitudinal NCD care (e.g., due to strict movement restrictions) that occurred due to the pandemic may have been contributory. Future work should focus on understanding NCD morbidity and mortality for hospitalized individuals in resource limited settings, as well as working to develop more resilient systems for longitudinal NCD care to ensure adequate care even during disasters and pandemics.
The frequency effects of word and its constituent character in natural silent Chinese reading: Evidences from Electroencephalogram
Authors: Zeng Taishen , Lou Longxia , Liu Zhifang , Chen Chaoyang , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

We conducted two experiments to examine the lexical and sublexical processing of Chinese polysyllabic words in reading, by co-registration EEG to the first fixation on target word. The whole-word occurrence frequency and initial constituent character frequency were orthogonally manipulated in Experiment 1, and whole-word occurrence frequency and end constituent character frequency were orthogonally manipulated in Experiment 2. It demonstrated that word frequency facilitated eye-tracking measures, whereas its initial and end character frequency inhibited them. Classical word frequency effects on N170 and N400 in the posterior region, and reversed word frequency effects over the anterior region were consistently observed in both experiments. Experiment 1 revealed an inhibitory effect of initial character frequency on anterior N170, but a faciliatory effect on parietal-occipital N170, and non-reliable interactions. Experiment 2 demonstrated reliable inhibitory effects of end-character frequency on anterior N170 and N400, and that these effects were reduced by word frequency, with smaller inhibitory effects for high frequency words.
Correlation Analysis Between Changes in Root Canal Area and Intervertebral Foramen Cross-Sectional Area and Relevant Clinical Symptom Improvement Scores in Patients with Unilateral L4-L5 Spinal Stenosis after MIS-TLIF
Authors: Ban Wenrui , Wang Haifan , Bai Chuanyi , Zheng Shaozhi , He Chuanzheng , Wang Haoyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate changes in the root canal area and the cross-sectional area of the intervertebral foramen in patients with unilateral L4-L5 spinal stenosis who underwent Minimally Invasive Surgery-Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (MIS-TLIF) and their correlation with clinical symptom improvement.
Methods: We selected 35 patients diagnosed and treated for unilateral L4-L5 spinal stenosis at our hospital from June 2020 to February 2022. We recorded intraoperative blood loss, operation time, and postoperative complications. The study compared changes in nerve root canal area observed in CT scans before and after MIS-TLIF surgery in spinal stenosis patients. We also assessed the nerve root canal area at different heights and the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen area. Preoperative and postoperative scores were collected for ODI (Oswestry Disability Index), NRS (Numeric Rating Scale), EQ-5D (EuroQol-5D), and GPE (Global Perceived Effect) to evaluate clinical symptoms. Correlation analyses were conducted between changes in clinical scores and changes in the above-mentioned anatomical areas.
Results: All patients underwent successful surgeries with an average operation time of 122.2±20.33 minutes and an average intraoperative blood loss of 231.43±129.53 ml. Five cases required blood transfusions, and three cases experienced postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage, which resolved with bed rest and fluid infusion. There were no infections, but eight cases had postoperative anemia, and no other complications, such as pulmonary embolism, occurred. Postoperative ODI and EQ-5D scores at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months showed significant improvement compared to preoperative scores. Linear correlation analysis revealed that the cross-sectional area of the lumbar root canal was negatively correlated with ODI scores (r=-0.45, P<0.01), positively correlated with EQ-5D scores (r=0.46, P<0.01), and negatively correlated with NRS-leg scores (r=-0.47, P<0.01). Moreover, the L4-L5 intervertebral foramen area was significantly negatively correlated with ODI scores (r=-0.80, P<0.01) and positively correlated with EQ-5D scores (r=0.517, P<0.01).
Conclusion: Identifying lumbar spinal stenosis preoperatively provides valuable guidance for effective decompression during minimally invasive surgery. However, this study has limitations, primarily due to the small sample size of patients with unilateral single-level L4-L5 symptoms. Further research with a larger sample size is warranted.
Comparative Study on Albino and Pigmented Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Growth, Non-Specific Immunity, Disease Resistance and Related Gene Expressions
Authors: Kayhan Muhammet Hayati , Bahrioğlu Ergi , Özil Öznur 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this study, a comparison has been made between the albino (AA), normal pigmented (PP), mixtures (Mix), and their crossbreds (AP and PA) of rainbow trout, in terms of growth performance, non-specific immune system parameters, mRNA relative expression levels, and disease resistance. Regarding the non-specific immune system parameters that were examined, the albino group (AA) showed the highest values of lysozyme, NBT, and IgM levels, while the normal pigmented (PP) group exhibited the lowest values. The lowest mortality rate was observed after the challenge test in the AA group (16%), followed by PA (30.66%), Mix (32.00%), and AP (36.00%), with the highest mortality rate recorded in the PP group (52.00%). The results obtained from experimental research have been confirmed through molecular analyses. The expression level of IL-8 showed the highest level in the AA group (6.05 ± 1.95a), followed by PA (4.44 ± 1.60ab), Mix (3.04 ± 0.72bc), and AP (1.29 ± 0.23c) groups compared to the PP group (1-fold). There was no statistical difference among the groups in terms of growth performance (except for specific growth rates and final weights) and IGF-1 mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, the study suggests that albinism does not have a detrimental effect on rainbow trout. In addition, observation of a strong non-specific immune system in albinism could promote more efficient and sustainable aquaculture.
Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Conditions in The Working Environments of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Csa Koppen Climate Type
Authors: Karakuş Nihat , Selim Serdar , Selim Ceren , OLGUN Rifat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In the Mediterranean climate zone, characterized by the Csa climate type, people's thermal comfort conditions deteriorate due to heat stress. This study focuses on determining the thermal comfort conditions of seasonal agricultural workers during the hot periods of the year when agricultural production is intense in developing Türkiye, located in the Mediterranean climate zone, where agricultural production cannot yet be carried out with high technology, and developing suggestions that can guide the authorities in this context. In this study, the thermal comfort conditions of seasonal agricultural workers working in agricultural lands in Csa were determined using the modified Physiological Equivalent Temperature (mPET) index in the Rayman model, according to their activity energy during intensive and less intensive agricultural work. These conditions were evaluated for ten-day, monthly, and seasonal periods. As a result of the research, it was observed that there were differences in the thermal comfort conditions of seasonal agricultural workers according to time and activity energy. It has been observed that agricultural workers, especially those working in soil cultivation (intensive activity), have a higher mPET value between 2.1°C and 2.9°C than agricultural workers engaged in plant care and harvesting (less intense activity). It has been determined that the thermal comfort conditions of agricultural workers engaged in plant care and harvesting deteriorate between 09.00 and 15.00, and for agricultural workers engaged in soil cultivation, between 08.00 and 16.00. According to the results, suggestions were developed within legal limits for the regulation of the working systems of agricultural workers.
Network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of Chlorogenic acid in combined septic acute liver injury
Authors: fang shangping , Su Hui , Liu Jiameng , Zhai Kecheng , Gao Yangmengna , Li Huan , Sun Renke , Cheng Huixian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the biological activities and mechanisms of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in treating septic acute liver injury (SALI) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo studies.
Methods
Potential targets related to both chlorogenic acid and septic acute liver injury were searched from public databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinity between the active compounds and core targets. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out for further validation.
Results
A total of 60 common targets were identified between acute septic liver injury and chlorogenic acid, among which 10 shared core targets were screened using Cytoscape. Molecular docking results indicated that these core targets had good binding activity with chlorogenic acid. In the SALI mouse model, chlorogenic acid demonstrated significant protective effects on the liver and anti-inflammatory properties, acting through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Conclusion
CGA not only improves pathological damage in acute septic liver injury but also exerts its effects potentially through multiple pathways including TLR4.