bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a nomogram model for predicting venous thromboembolism risk in lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A cohort study in China
Authors: Liang Guanzhong , Hu Zuhai , Xu Qianjie , Wang Guixue , Wang Ying , Li Xiaosheng , Zhang Wei , Lei Haike 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveVenous thromboembolism (VTE) poses a significant threat to lung cancer patients, particularly those receiving treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We aimed to develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of VTE in lung cancer patients undergoing ICI therapy.MethodsThe data for this retrospective cohort study was collected from cancer patients admitted to Chongqing University Cancer Hospital for ICI treatment between 2019 and 2022. The research data is divided into training and validation sets using a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify risk factors for VTE. Based on these analyses, along with clinical expertise, a nomogram model was crafted. The model's predictive accuracy was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, clinical impact curve, and other relevant metrics.ResultsThe initial univariate analysis pinpointed 13 potential risk factors for VTE. The subsequent stepwise multivariate regression analysis identified age, Karnofsky performance status, chemotherapy, targeted, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, monoamine oxidase, D‐dimer, fibrinogen, and white blood cell count as significant predictors of VTE. These 10 variables were the foundation for a predictive model, illustrated by a clear and intuitive nomogram. The model's discriminative ability was demonstrated by the ROC curve, which showed an area under the curve of 0.815 (95% CI 0.772–0.858) for the training set, and 0.753 (95% CI 0.672–0.835) for the validation set. The model's accuracy was further supported by Brier scores of 0.068 and 0.080 for the training and validation sets, respectively, indicating a strong correlation with actual outcomes.ConclusionWe have successfully established and validated a nomogram model for predicting VTE risk in lung cancer patients treated with ICIs.
Avatar effect of AI‐enabled virtual streamers on consumer purchase intention in e‐commerce livestreaming
Authors: Sun Luping , Tang Yanfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, digital avatars employed as virtual streamers are experiencing a surge in popularity in e‐commerce livestreaming. However, the influence of the avatars' anthropomorphic features on their effectiveness as virtual streamers remains unclear. This study investigates the avatar effect of artificial intelligence‐enabled virtual streamers, wherein their form and behavioral realism interactively affect consumer purchase intention. Three lab experiments with 604 participants were conducted to test this effect and its underlying mechanism and boundary conditions. Based on the findings, behavioral realism positively affects consumer purchase intention only when the virtual streamers' form realism is low. Parasocial interactions underpin this avatar effect, which only holds when consumers exhibit a communal relationship norm orientation. When consumers possess an exchange relationship norm orientation, the effect of behavioral realism becomes positive regardless of the level of form realism. Overall, our study proposes an avatar effect in livestreaming, and extends the literature by offering insights on the interactive effect of the anthropomorphic features of human‐like avatars (as virtual streamers) on the effectiveness of e‐commerce livestreaming. By revealing the mechanisms and boundary conditions of this effect, our conclusions offer guidance for companies in developing appropriate combinations of form and behavioral realism for the avatars of virtual streams while considering consumer characteristics.
Rh‐Catalyzed Hydroamination of Allenes: Asymmetric N‐Allylation of Amino Acids and Peptides
Authors: Damer Edward , Breit Bernhard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the growing field of peptidomimetics, there is a constant need for new synthetic methods to generate new bioactive compounds. Herein, we present an atom‐economic approach for the branched‐selective allylation of aliphatic amine moieties of α‐amino acids and small oligopeptides. This Rh‐catalyzed hydroamination of allenes with a commercially available ligand forms a new stereocenter, often chemoselectively, in a catalyst‐controlled manner, providing high yields and stereoselectivities without the need for an additive. The method is shown to be effective in gram scale without the need for column chromatography for purification, and ready‐to‐use allylated substrates for solid‐phase peptide synthesis can be synthesized in two steps from the products of the catalysis.
Interrogating Explicit Solvent Effects on the Mechanism and Site‐Selectivity of Aryl Halide Oxidative Addition to L2Pd(0)
Authors: Lu Jingru , Celuszak Holly , Paci Irina , Leitch David C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report a study of solvent effects on the rate, selectivity, and mechanism of (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halide oxidative addition to Pd(PCy3)2 as an exemplar of L2Pd(0) species. First, 2‐chloro‐3‐aminopyridine is observed to undergo faster oxidative addition in toluene compared to more polar solvents, which is not consistent with the trend we observe with many other 2‐halopyridines. We attribute this to solvent basicity hydrogen bonding between solvent and substrate. Greater hydrogen bond donation from the substrate leads to a more electron‐rich aromatic system, and therefore slower oxidative addition. We demonstrate how this affects rate and site‐selectivity for hydrogen bond donating substrates. Second, electron‐deficient multihalogenated pyridines exhibit improved site‐selectivity in polar solvents, which we attribute to different C−X sites undergoing oxidative addition by two different mechanisms. The C−X site that favours the more polar nucleophilic displacement transition state is preferred over the site that favours a less‐polar 3‐centered transition state. Finally, (hetero)aryl triflates consistently undergo faster oxidative addition in more polar solvents, which we attribute to highly polar nucleophilic displacement transition states. This leads to improved site‐selectivity for C−OTf oxidative addition, even in the presence of highly reactive 2‐pyridyl halides.
Dynamics of pH Oscillators in Continuous Stirred Tanks in Series
Authors: Galanics Csenge , Szalai István 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComplex reaction networks with positive and negative feedback can produce diverse nonlinear phenomena in open reactors, such as multistability and oscillations. pH oscillators driven by hydrogen or hydroxide autocatalytic processes show sustained oscillations in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) but only a sharp pH switch in batch. Here, we present a numerical study on the dynamics of pH oscillators in a series of CSTRs. We show a critical residence time under which bistability and above which oscillations develop. The dynamics of the CSTR cascade show the cross‐shaped phase diagram of nonlinear activatory inhibitory systems. In the domain of oscillations, one reactor starts to oscillate autonomously and induces forced complex oscillations in the following tanks with damped amplitudes. These results, with their practical implications, may contribute to understanding the recent experimental observations of nonlinear phenomena in the presence of a residence time ramp and inspire further research in this area.
Reactivity of Atomic Oxygen Radical Anions in Metal Oxide Clusters
Authors: Zhao Xi‐Guan , Zhao Yan‐Xia , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtomic oxygen radical anion (O⋅−) represents an important type of reactive centre that exists in both chemical and biological systems. Gas‐phase atomic clusters can be studied under isolated and well controlled conditions. Studies of O⋅−‐containing clusters in the gas‐phase provide a unique strategy to interpret the chemistry of O⋅− radicals at a strictly molecular level. This review summarizes the research progresses made since 2013 for the reactivity of O⋅− radicals in the atomically precise metal oxide clusters including negatively charged, nanosized, and neutral heteronuclear metal clusters benefitting from the development of advanced experimental techniques. New electronic and geometric factors to control the reactivity and product selectivity of O⋅− radicals under dark and photo‐irradiation conditions have been revealed. The detailed mechanisms of O⋅− generation have been discussed for the reaction systems of nanosized and heteroatom‐doped metal oxide clusters. The catalytic reactions mediated by the O⋅− radicals in metal clusters have also been successfully established and the microscopic mechanisms about the dynamic generation and depletion of O⋅− radicals have been clearly understood. The studies of O⋅− containing metal oxide clusters in the gas‐phase provided new insights into the chemistry of reactive oxygen species in related condensed‐phase systems.
Variability in predicted deleterious mutations among barley accessions conserved ex situ
Authors: Fu Yong‐Bi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic cost for long‐term conservation of more than 7 million plant germplasm accessions in 1750 genebanks worldwide requires knowledge about the extent and variation of deleterious mutations within and among conserved germplasm collections. Our recent study revealed a wide range of mutations predicted to be deleterious to gene function and averaged sample‐wise mutation burden per deleterious locus across barley, wheat, oat, soybean, maize, rapa, and sunflower germplasm collections. Here we report the extent and variation of predicted deleterious mutations among nine accessions of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) collection from an RNA‐Seq analysis of 16 individual samples of each accession. The assayed accessions were found to vary significantly in the number and proportion of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) predicted to be deleterious mutations (ranging from 242 to 314 with a mean of 270 and from 0.00073 to 0.00099 with a mean of 0.00086, respectively). Similarly, a significant variation was also observed in the averaged sample‐wise mutation burden estimates per deleterious locus, ranging from 0.541 to 0.747 with a mean of 0.681. Cultivar accessions had higher averages in the proportions of the predicted deleterious SNPs and in the averaged sample‐wise mutation burden estimates than landrace accessions (0.00090 vs. 0.00082 and 0.695 vs. 0.663, respectively). The estimates of deleterious base‐substitution mutations (×10−8) for the nine accessions varied from 0.313 to 0.406 with a mean of 0.349. These within‐collection findings are useful for understanding the genetic cost in conserved germplasm and have implications for long‐term germplasm management and conservation.
An improved modulation algorithm for the dual‐output six‐switch inverter with reduced switching frequency
Authors: Li Xiangfeng , Yang Zetao , Guo Fang , Liao Hui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe six‐switch inverter has gained significant attention due to its ability to achieve dual AC voltage outputs with fewer semiconductor power devices. However, with existing pulse width modulation (PWM) algorithms, the switching frequency of the two middle‐position power devices is twice that of the other four power devices at the upper and lower ends. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved PWM algorithm for the six‐switch converter based on the unipolar modulation principle. The proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the switching frequency of the two middle‐position power devices. Research results indicate that, under optimal conditions, the switching frequency of the two middle‐position power devices is as low as the frequency of the AC output voltages, and in the worst‐case scenario, it is only half the carrier frequency. Consequently, the efficiency of the inverter is effectively improved. Additionally, analysis results suggest that, given the same switching frequencies of power devices, the modulation algorithm proposed in this paper for controlling the converter also results in lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for the output voltages compared to traditional modulation algorithms.
Design of the non‐associative learning memristive circuit and the application to brightness adaptation
Authors: Lin Mi , Zhou Zhangzhi , Zhou Xuanxuan , Zhang Chong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNon‐associative learning plays an important role in the biological and cognitive systems and is one of the important pathways for unsupervised learning in biology. The proposed non‐associative learning memristive circuit is composed of a synapse module, a memristive neuron module, and a response boosting module. The circuit can simulate the characteristics of habituation and sensitization, which attenuates the output response when receiving repeated input stimuli and augments the output response when receiving strong input stimuli, and the circuit also has a certain anti‐interference ability. Additionally, the designed circuit is suitable for adaptive replication experiments in visual systems and automatic exposure compensation systems, demonstrating the practicality of the circuit.
Optically transparent coplanar wideband antenna for vehicular communication
Authors: Shanmuganathan Shanmathi , Kanagasabai Malathi , Alsath M. Gulam Nabi , Ramadoss Shini , Palaniswamy Sandeep Kumar 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe presented state of the art is a novel coplanar optically transparent antenna designed to operate in extended GSM, L‐band, and UWB applications for vehicular communication. The presented radiator operates using a coplanar waveguide feed mechanism without a separate ground plane layer with a minimal conductive surface to enhance the transparency of the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna design has dimensions of 40 × 20 mm2, and a transparent material of soda–lime glass is used as a substrate with a dielectric constant of 7. The radiating element over the substrate is the conductive film fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) with a sheet resistance of 7 Ω/sq. The operating frequency range of the designed antenna is from 0.86 to 14.45 GHz, which encloses the E‐GSM (900 MHz), L‐band (1–2 GHz), and UWB (3.1–10.6 GHz) frequencies. The peak gains at the operating frequencies are 1, 1.6, and 4.34 dBi, respectively. The designed antenna is fabricated and measured, and the performance metrics are plotted and compared. Since the transparent antenna is designed, the tendency of a substance to conduct light is measured as the optical transmittance, and it is calculated as 95% in the glass reference and 82% in the air reference.
Asiaticoside enhances the effect of propofol on the invasion, ferroptosis and immune escape of bladder cancer
Authors: Jin Ming , He Kun , Zhen Shuqing , Wang Yanqiao , Guo Huifang , Shen Hongxia , Ping Fumin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBladder cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy. Asiaticoside (AC), a triterpenoid derivative, exhibits antitumor effect on different tumors. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of AC on bladder cancer. J82 and T24 cells were treated with AC and/or propofol, and nude mice were subcutaneously administrated with T24 cells. The effect and mechanism of AC and/or propofol were explored by cell counting kit‐8, transwell, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays both in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability of J82 and T24 cells was inhibited by AC with a IC50 value of 2.43 μM and 2.16 μM, and by propofol with a IC50 value of 42.51 μM and 48.37 μM, respectively. AC or propofol alone decreased cell proliferation, invasion, and immune escape with the increased ferroptosis, as well as downregulating the level of the PI3K/AKT pathway in both animal and cell experiments. The effect of propofol on the above‐mentioned indicators was further enhanced with the co‐treatment of AC in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, AC promoted the ameliorative effect of propofol on bladder cancer involved in PI3K/AKT pathway.
Changing trends in anabolic‐androgenic steroid use within Scottish prisons: Detection, prevalence, and quantitation
Authors: Norman Caitlyn , Harries Richard L. , Reid Robert , Nisbet Lorna A. , Nic Daéid Niamh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnabolic‐androgenic steroids (AASs) are a subclassification of image performance enhancing drugs (IPEDs). While AAS use is most prevalent among people in athletics, there is also high lifetime prevalence of AAS use among prisoners. This study reports the qualitative detection of AASs in seized samples from the Scottish prisons from 2019–2023. Additionally, methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of AASs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and applied to 61 samples of tablets or powders seized from Scottish prisons between July 2022 and July 2023. Since 2022, there has been an increase in AAS detections in the Scottish prisons. Oxymetholone was the most prevalent AAS, followed by metandienone (methandrostenolone, methandienone), methyltestosterone, oxandrolone, mestanolone (methylandrostanolone), stanozolol, and androstenedione. Multiple AASs were found in 21 samples and 10 samples contained other drugs, including amitriptyline, sertraline, zopiclone, mirtazapine, sildenafil, etizolam, Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, and the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB‐INACA. Most AAS samples were tablets (77.0%), although they were also detected in powders, herbal material, e‐cigarettes, and a fragmented soap bar‐type sample. There was a large variation in the concentration of AASs in the tablets and powders seized from the Scottish prisons, demonstrating AASs are another highly variable component of the polydrug use situation in prisons, the effects of which need to be examined further.
Insects in temperate urban parks face stronger selection pressure from the cold than the heat
Authors: Bujan Jelena , Bertelsmeier Cleo , Ješovnik Ana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrban areas experience higher temperatures compared to rural areas and as such, are increasingly considered places of acclimatization and adaptation to warming. Small ectotherms, such as insects, whose body temperature rises with habitat temperature, are directly affected by temperature changes. Thus, warming could have a profound effect on insect behavior and physiology. To test if the urban heat island effect drives higher thermal tolerance and activity changes, we used globally distributed and abundant insects—ants. We measured the heat and cold tolerance of 14 ant species distributed across urban and peri‐urban areas. As thermal traits are often correlated with ant foraging, we measured foraging activity during three consecutive years across eight sites. Contrary to our prediction, ants exposed to the urban heat island effect did not have a higher heat tolerance than peri‐urban ants. Instead, cold tolerance varied across habitats, with ants from the cooler, peri‐urban habitats being able to tolerate lower temperatures. We recorded the same pattern of invariant heat and higher cold tolerance for ants in the canopy, compared to ground nesting ants. Ant activity was almost 10 times higher in urban sites and best predicted by cold, not heat tolerance. These unexpected results suggest that we need to rethink predictions about urban heat islands increasing insect heat tolerance in urban habitats, as cold tolerance might be a more plastic or adaptable trait, particularly in the temperate zone.
Large carpenter bees show high dispersal in a tropical semi‐arid region susceptible to desertification
Authors: Brasil Sandara N. R. , Araujo Francisca Soares , Brelsford Alan , Faria Christiana M. A. , Zanette Lorenzo R. S. , Woodard S. Hollis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDesertification is a major threat to biodiversity in arid areas of the world, partly because many organisms in these regions already exist at or near the limits of their movement and physiology. Here, we used molecular data to investigate patterns of persistence and dispersal in an ecologically and economically important carpenter bee (Xylocopa grisescens Lepeletier) found throughout the semiarid Caatinga region of Brazil. We used a genome‐wide approach (double digest restriction‐site associated DNA, ddRAD) to gather genetic data from bees sampled from eight sites within a semiarid region subject to desertification in Northeastern Brazil. Across all populations, we observed a consistent heterozygosity and effective population size deficit along with low genetic differentiation. We did not find strong evidence of dispersal limitations caused by desertification in this study system despite data collection from sites up to 300 km distant. Thus, our data suggest that human‐mediated changes in the Caatinga, such as habitat loss, have impacted the population genetic patterns of X. grisescens. However, these impacts have also been softened by the species' biological characteristics, such as its relatively high capacity for movement. This study provides insights into how habitat changes might impact the long‐term survival of large solitary bees.
An ant‐mimicking ant on an oceanic archipelago: Camponotus guanchus mimics Crematogaster alluaudi—An analogy with the situation of Camponotus lateralis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Pérez‐Delgado Antonio J. , Wagner Herbert C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMimicry, that is, the imitation of any unpalatable or defensive species by another, has been of central interest to evolutionary research since Darwin's lifetime. Two ant species, Camponotus guanchus Santschi, 1908 and Crematogaster alluaudi Emery, 1893, endemic to the Canary Islands, occur in two color‐morphs: While the head of workers is always reddish and the gaster blackish, the mesosoma (inclusive waist) is either fully reddish or fully blackish. In addition to the obvious morphological and coloration similarities, we provide evidence of mimicry: (i) Ca. guanchus was found only within the area of Cr. alluaudi. (ii) Color morphs are geographically non‐randomly distributed: Workers of both species from 16 localities of syntopic occurrences shared in eight cases a blackish and in eight cases a reddish mesosoma. Hence, Ca. guanchus mimics both local color‐morphs of Cr. alluaudi. We consider a fascinating analogy with the Mediterranean mimicry system in Camponotus lateralis (Olivier, 1792) and its model species of the Crematogaster scutellaris (Olivier, 1792) group on an island scale. Additionally, we present two endemic bug species, Perenotus stysi (Ribes et al., 2008) and P. malobae Roca‐Cusachs & Goula, 2016, as mimics of those Cr. alluaudi workers having a reddish mesosoma. Our distribution, coloration, frequency, and behavioral data as well as the analogy with Ca. lateralis and the Cr. scutellaris group suggest a Batesian‐mimicry system in which Ca. guanchus, Perenotus stysi, and P. malobae mimic the unpalatable and aggressive Cr. alluaudi as an antipredator adaptation.