bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSITION FROM THE CONTINENTAL MARGIN OF KAMCHATKA TO THE ISLAND ARC OF THE KURILE ISLANDS: FEATURES OF VOLCANISM, CRUSTAL DEFORMATION AND GEOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE SLAB
Authors: БЕРГАЛЬ-КУВИКАС О.В. , БУСЛОВ М.М. , БУШЕНКОВА Н.А. , ДОЛГАЯ А.А. 
Published: June 2024

Проведен анализ проявления магматизма в зоне перехода от континентальной окраины Камчатки к Курильской островной дуге и геофизических параметров погружающейся под них океанической плиты Северо-Западной Пацифики. Наличие прибрежного вулканического комплекса миоценового возраста в основании вулканического пояса Южной Камчатки способствует интенсивным коровым процессам, которые, вероятно, привели к формированию кальдерообразующих извержений в голоцене. Для Северных Курил характерно формирование ареального вулканизма, приуроченного к разрывным нарушениям земной коры. Аномальным является отсутствие вулканизма на о. Шумшу, расположенном непосредственно вблизи Камчатки. Отсутствие вулканизма на этом острове связывается с высокоскоростной аномалией, фиксируемой по данным сейсмотомографии. На основе представленных данных выдвигается предположение о наличии океанического поднятия на слэбе, погружение которого привело к дезинтеграции зон плавления, отвечающих за формирование вулканизма.
Magmatism manifestations in the transition zone from the continental margin of Kamchatka to the Kurile island arc and some geophysical parameters of the subducted oceanic plate of the Northwestern Pacific are considered. The presence of the Miocene coastal volcanic (Pribrezhny) complex at the base of the South Kamchatka volcanic belt contributes to intense crustal processes causing caldera-forming eruptions in the Holocene. The Northern Kuriles are characterized by initiation of areal volcanism associated with crustal fault zones. Anomalous is the absence of volcanism on Shumshu island proximal to Kamchatka. Seismic tomography data reveal a high seismic velocity anomaly below it, which can explain this phenomenon. Based on the presented data an assumption is made about existence of a seafloor elevation on the slab, whose submergence led to disintegration of the melting regions responsible for generation of volcanism.
A new process related impurity identification, characterization, development of analytical method by HPLC and method validation for Voriconazole API
Authors: Epuru Manohar Reddy , Allaka Tejeswara Rao , Venna Ravinder Reddy , Narsimhula Shravan , Kishore Pilli Veera Venkata Nanda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDuring the testing of laboratory Voriconazole API batches, one unidentified impurity (IMP-5.312) was detected employing the Pharmeuropa HPLC technique at a level in excess of 0.10%. This IMP-5.312 was synthesized and then characterized as 6-(3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-ol by the corresponding spectral information (MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and IR). The IMP-5.312 impurity was effectively quantified using an enhanced HPLC based-technique that was developed as well as validated. The approach made use of a Novapak C18 column with an inner diameter of 3.9 mm and a length of 150 mm (4.0 µm) for chromatographic separation. The analysis of IMP-5.312 was made at 45 °C, with a flow rate (isocratic) of 1.0 mL min−1 and a 256 nm detection wavelength. Acetonitrile, methanol, and 0.1% aqueous trifluoro acetate buffer (pH 4.0) were mixed at a ratio of 15:30:55 (v/v/v) to create the mobile phase for a 20 μL sample injection. The linearity range of 0.25281–1.51690 μg mL−1 had a correlation coefficient more than 0.99942, and the accuracy ranged from 89.3 to 100.3%. It was noted that the established HPLC based-technique was sensitive, specific, and precise. The technique was executed on the current batches of VRC API for IMP-5.312 analysis, and the outcomes were good. For quality control purposes during the manufacturing procedure of VRC, the identification as well as analysis of IMP-5.312 should be helpful. The in silico approach was applied to predict the IMP-5.312 toxicity. The reports indicated that IMP-5.312 in non-mutagenic and categorized as ICH M7 class-5 impurity.
Transient constrictive pericarditis in Bruton disease: a case report
Authors: Kruchinova S. V. , Skaletsky K. V. , Donets E. K. , Namitokov A. M. , Karibova M. V. , Kosmacheva E. D. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Constrictive pericarditis is a long-term consequence of any pathological process developing in the pericardium due to fibrinous thickening and calcification of its layers, which prevents normal cardiac diastolic filling. One of its forms is transient constrictive pericarditis, which resolves after anti-inflammatory therapy.Brief description. A 19-year-old man with Bruton disease was admitted to the clinic with complaints of severe weakness, shortness of breath at rest, cough, chest pain, hyperthermia to 380 C, decreased blood pressure to 80/60 mm Hg, and abdominal distension. During the initial echocardiography, the results did not raise serious suspicions. However, given the rather specific interventricular septum motion, pericardial constriction was suspected.Discussion. During the additional examination, echocardiography made it possible to verify constrictive pericarditis, which was subsequently confirmed by heart catheterization. Due to significant immunoglobulin level deviations, a decision was made to resume immunoglobulin replacement therapy, followed by a clinical status reassessment.The article presents a clinical description of a patient with constrictive pericarditis, which was a manifestation of Bruton disease. During follow-up, resolution of constriction was noted with resumption of immunoglobulin replacement therapy.
Isolated cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report
Authors: Skomkina I. A. , Mordovin V. F. , Triss S. V. , Stepanov I. V. , Ryumshina N. I. , Polyakova M. A. , Batalov R. E. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. 
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Ventricular arrhythmias are a risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Abnormalities of cardiac rhythm and conduction may be the only subjective manifestation of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis, which occurs in 25% of the total number of patients with this disease.Brief description. We present a case of isolated cardiac sarcoidosis in a young female patient, the main clinical manifestation of which was attacks of palpitations caused by ventricular tachycardia and episodes of cardiogenic shock without a cardiovascular history. Echocardiography and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy and focal myocardial masses. Cardiac tumor and sarcoidosis were suspected. The final diagnosis was based on the results of histological and immunohistochemical analysis of endomyocardial biopsies documenting sarcoidosis. No systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis were found.Discussion. The case demonstrates the potential of a comprehensive paraclinical study in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and its differential diagnosis with other cardiac pathologies.Conclusion. Cardiac sarcoidosis is difficult to diagnose and requires histological verification in patients with LV hypertrophy and arrhythmias, and physicians should be aware about this rare disease with unfavorable prognosis without specific treatment.
The Covid-19 Infection Effect on Assisted Reproductive Method Outcomes
Authors: Poursaadat Niloofar , Nazemi Pershang , Zamenjani Saeideh Shams , Pourmand Naghmeh , Mohammadkhani Razieh , Akbari Asbagh Firoozeh 
Published: June 2024

Objective: COVID-19 can have potential pathogenic effects on the oocyte and embryos, but there is limited data about its impact. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 impact on the outcome of Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) methods.
Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted on 190 infertile women who underwent oocyte retrieval at Yas Hospital in vitro fertilization (IVF) department affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, from October 2021 to October 2022. The case group was defined as women whose PCR test was positive on puncture day and the control group was women with COVID-19 negative tests on puncture day. The study outcome measurements included the number of oocytes retrieved and the number and quality of embryos. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS 24.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 32.89 ± 5.58 years with an age range of 18-49 years. No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding baseline variables. The mean number of oocytes was significantly (p =0.001) lower in the case (6.68±4.25) group versus the control (9.07±4.10) group. While there was no statistically significant difference regarding the mean number of embryos in the study groups, No grade A embryos were observed in more than half (57.5%) of the women in the case group. Furthermore, the frequency of grade C embryos on average was 1.08±1.11 in the case group and 0.57±0.75 in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p =0.010).
Conclusion: The findings of this research highlighted that women infected with COVID-19 on the puncture day have a lower number of oocytes and also good-quality embryos.
Safety Aspects in H2 Pipeline Design
Authors: Di Padova A. , Tallone F. 
Published: June 2024

In the process of decarbonization and transition from fossil fuels to green and renewable sources, a key role has been recognized for hydrogen, however concerns remain regarding its safety, due to hydrogen high reactivity.
Hydrogen is characterized by a wide flammability range and a lower ignition energy, and it is also able to self-ignite upon release and to have unconfined explosions and detonation. Furthermore, hydrogen can induce degradation mechanisms in equipment materials that are not induced by natural gas, one of the main energy vectors currently used. As a result, equipment handling hydrogen can have higher failure frequencies compared to those handling natural gas.
These factors must be taken into account when considering the establishment of a hydrogen distribution network throughout Europe, where safety distance between parallel pipelines and population shall be granted.
This paper provides insight into the safety aspects of H2 pipelines focusing on two of the main constraints in the pipeline design: distance among parallel pipelines and distance from buildings and areas where human activities are present.
To establish the above-mentioned safety distances, the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) technique is applied. Analyzing literature data and documentation available, the main uncertainties related to H2 QRA are investigated and solved. This process assesses pipeline failure frequencies, ignition probabilities and consequence modelling.
Finally, a case study has been developed to compare the results obtained for a hydrogen pipeline with those obtained for a Natural Gas pipeline with the same route and geometric characteristics.
Importance of Integrated Asset Modelling (IAM) in CCS Applications
Authors: Speranza Alessandro , Luna-Ortiz Eduardo , Flynn Nick 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage) is increasingly relied upon as a significant contributor to the overall reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the transportation and injection of carbon dioxide (CO2) presents significant challenges to engineers, in terms of risk mitigation for the facilities, economics, and feasibility.
This paper focuses on the thermo-hydraulic connection between surface facilities and reservoir characteristics such as size, permeability, porosity, which ultimately determines the total amount of stored CO2, and the maximum achievable flow rates. As reservoir conditions and the number, type, and size of emitters change over time, this connection plays a key role in the overall feasibility of the project. Furthermore, we examine how the presence of different impurities may add significant uncertainty, which requires careful evaluation of the mixture's physical and thermodynamic properties. This approach ensures the asset's physical constraints are correctly taken into account.
Through the novel use of a flexible life-of-field (LOF) simulator, based on first principles and rigorous thermodynamics, we show that a holistic approach to modelling the whole asset comprised of surface facilities as well as subsurface stores, represents a crucial tool to design, plan and optimize the performance of the CCS hub. Based on the simulation of various case studies with different scenarios, we identify the physical constraints of the asset, and highlight methods and strategies to solve the challenges that may hinder the feasibility and sustainability of the project in the long term. The combined modelling integration of process, production, and injection facilities (e.g., pumps, compressors, heaters, pipelines, and wells), a simplified representation of the reservoir, and rigorous thermodynamics enable us to evaluate and compare different operating strategies from various angles. These include power and pressure requirements, achievable injection rates, and estimation of the overall project lifecycle, while monitoring the facility's flow assurance and integrity risks. As boundary conditions change, the continuity of flow between transport and injection facilities determines a variability in thermohydraulic behaviour that can only be examined using an integrated asset modelling (IAM) approach. Furthermore, the unique thermodynamic properties of CO2, combined with the variability of the concentration's impurities, adds complexity to effectively evaluate the design and operating strategies. Such complexity implies that simple non-compositional approaches are ill-suited for evaluating the feasibility of the project.
NGL Recovery Enhancements from Recycling Sweet Gas
Authors: Aldahan R. F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This report discusses experienced lower C2 / C2+ recovery in NGL recovery unit of Saudi Aramco Khursaniyah Gas Plant Department (KGPD). The experienced lower recoveries were due to the unplanned outage of HP gas and no available HP gas feed to NGL plant. This led to uneven flow distribution of the gas through splits and turbo expander side which ultimately led to lower utilization of critical heat integrations affecting the temperature profile of the demethanizer column and eventually led to a lower C2 recovery overall. However, KGP has evaluated and applied an initiative solution of recycling over 100 MMSCFD of sweet gas back to the NGL train through the start-up line. The innovative solution boosted the C2 recovery to 95% from 84%. This special mode of operation of recycling sweet gas held for 8 days and after preforming the enhancement it was observed that NGL production was increased by 6.5 MBD with a total quantity of 52,000 BBL. Moreover, fuel gas quality improved as a result of lower C2+ components resulted in CO2 avoidance by 52% which represents a reduction of to 70 KTons of CO2.
Toward 2050: Critical Analysis of Energy and Economic Requirements of Carbon Capture and Storage in Post Combustion Capture
Authors: Parisi P. , Arca S. , Ciulla M. , Morodei F. , Palozzo W. , Di Profio P. , D'Alessandro E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
According to the International Energy Agency (IEA) Net Zero report of 2023, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is projected to achieve an 8% reduction in cumulative emissions, with an estimated capacity of 6 billion tons per year by 2050.
The purpose of this work is to estimate the magnitude of effort required to meet this projection, both from an economic and an energy point of view.
Based on the post-combustion process of a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plant and using Shell-Cansolv proprietary DC-103 solvent as a reference capture agent, an analysis of the energy requirements and economic costs associated with this technology has been conducted. This analysis includes parameters such as the energy surplus required for CO2 capture, Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) of the plant. Costs related to CO2 transport and storage have not been considered.
The values obtained, applied to the IEA's climate neutrality goals, are essential for understanding the operational and economic challenges of post-combustion capture. In particular, considering the important role of CCS in the IEA report and considering the calculation made with the reference data, about 5000 plants would need to be built by 2050, equivalent to an average of nearly 200 plants annually. This would require an investment of $1.24 trillion according by the current available technologies. Moreover, an additional energy cost of about 25% for the CCGT plant would be required to capture the CO2 that has been emitted for the power production. This could also result in additional CO2 emissions, thereby reducing the net capture capacity of the system.
These data illustrate the scale of commitment required to achieve the ambitious climate-neutrality goals, in which significant amount of economic efforts and energy resources will have to be drawn upon. It also highlights the urgency of investing in more efficient and sustainable CO2 capture technologies and strategies.
This study provides quantitative data that can be useful in making informed decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of CCS technologies.
Measuring Diffusion Coefficient of Hydrogen in Underground Gas Storage
Authors: Blbas Zhirko , Hagemann Birger , Michelsen Julia , Ganzer Leonhard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to the rapid expansion of renewable energy required to meet the 2050 net-zero target, hydrogen has been recognized as a clean and low-carbon fuel. When it is produced by electrolysis from renewable electricity it is referred to as ‘’green hydrogen’’. While the energy production from solar and wind power plants varies greatly over time and rarely meets both the daily and seasonal demand a reliable technology for energy storage must be established. In this context, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) shows an efficient solution for the long-term storage of energy. For the planning and operation of UHS in porous geological formations, it is very important to know the movement and mixing of the injected hydrogen with the initial gas in place. Mixing can be driven by advective flow but also by diffusive flux during idle periods. This paper is focused on determining the effective binary diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and methane under representative gas storage conditions.
In total, seven diffusion measurements were carried out for two sandstone samples (Berea and Bentheimer). A modified core flooding cell was used for these measurements. A semi- steady-state diffusive flux was ensured by connecting one end face of the sample to a chamber filled with the first gas and flowing the second gas along the other end face. The composition of the outflowing gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. Measurements were performed under typical gas storage conditions in a pressure range from 10 to 100 bar and at 25 and 40°C. The saturation state of the samples was dry. Each measurement was analyzed by a comparison to a simulation model and the effective diffusion coefficient was determined.
The range of measured effective diffusion coefficients is from 6.5 * 10−8 m2/s to 3.7 * 10−7 m2/s. Repeated measurements under the same conditions are in good agreement, what validates the measurement procedure. The results indicate a decreasing behavior of the effective diffusion coefficient with increasing pressure and temperature in the considered ranges. The findings gained in this study allow a better estimation of the diffusive contribution to the gas mixing during UHS.
Techno-Economic Optimization of Underground Hydrogen Storage in Aquifers
Authors: Amiri Behzad , Ghaedi Mojtaba , Andersen Pål Østebø , Luo Xiaodong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to the increasing demand for hydrogen (H2) as an energy carrier, the concept of underground hydrogen storage in aquifers has been suggested. However, there are serious concerns about its economic feasibility. For this purpose, an effective development strategy is crucial considering both the technical and economic aspects of this storage operation. Accordingly, our objective here is to investigate the use of an optimization workflow to maximize both H2 storage and the Net Present Value (NPV), and consequently obtain an optimal reservoir development strategy.
This research will employ the structural model of the Norne field, which is filled with water to represent the target aquifer for H2 storage operation. H2 storage is performed from one well, starting with CO2 and H2 injection as the cushion gases. Subsequently, cycles of H2 injection and production will be continued for 30 years. For optimal reservoir management, we introduce an optimization workflow, which consists of a set of decision variables, an objective function, and an optimization algorithm. NPV, as part of the objective function, encompasses expenses and revenues associated with capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operating expenses (OPEX), including well drilling, CO2 and H2 injection, H2 production, water production, and H2 purification. The genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted to optimize several operational parameters (as the decision variables) in a specified sequence, including the injection and production rates, the cushion gas volume, and the idle time in each cycle.
After undergoing 50 generations of reproduction with a population of 50 individuals in the optimization process, the maximum NPV achieved was 15.68 billion USD, using the optimal development method. In this instance, H2 was chosen as the primary cushion gas, while CO2 was used sparingly to achieve a recovered H2 purity level ranging from 93% to 99.9%. The level of purity decreased to 50% in the worst-case scenario of optimization. Furthermore, the H2 was injected at the maximum safe rate, resulting in a 96% recovery compared to the worst-case scenario where only 81% of the total injected H2 was recovered. Whereas the total amount of injected H2 in the worst scenario was around 25% of the optimal situation.
Qualification of Downhole Safety Valves for Use in Underground Hydrogen Storage Wells
Authors: Busollo C. , Abdo E. , Baronio E. , Starinieri C. 
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen, as an energy vector, presents an opportunity to accelerate the energy transition movement, while ensuring both energy sufficiency and security. The acceleration in the adoption of hydrogen as an energy vector requires that plants used in handling hydrogen be tested, verified, and upgraded if necessary for this new scenario. Regarding the large-scale storage of hydrogen, various studies have confirmed the feasibility of underground storage in depleted gas fields, salt caverns and aquifers. Of these, the most promising is storage in depleted gas fields since they are readily available with a significant amount of knowledge about their parameters. However, even though hydrogen would still be transported and stored in gas form, just like natural gas, it is still a very different molecule than natural gas.
For one, hydrogen is much smaller than the methane molecule meaning that it can slip through seals where methane could not. Secondly, hydrogen has a proven embrittlement effect on metals when in atomic form. If mixed with fluids containing water, CO2 or H2s, it can lead to varying levels of corrosion. All this ultimately can reduce the ability of storage systems to safely seal against hydrogen.
Underground Gas Storage (UGS) has always played a pivotal role in ensuring a country's energy reserves are sufficient to compensate demanding situations like harsh winters, low provisions, or unexpected market conditions. Gas can be provisioned when demand and prices are low, injected into underground wells, and then produced when demand increases again. UGS can also mitigate peaks of usage during periods of cold weather or peak electricity consumption by increasing production rate and ensuring transport pressures are constant. UGS in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs is the most diffused form of storage.