bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Playbuilding to Devising in Literacy Education: Aesthetic and Pedagogical Approaches
Authors: Perry Mia , Wessels Anne , Wager Amanda C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe field of literacy education encompasses many different modalities of reading and writing the world, including those of drama, theatre, and performance practiced in both school and community settings. As contemporary theatre practices have broadened performance creation approaches available to literacy and arts educators working with youth and adults, playbuilding and devising offer two modes of creating student‐authored collective performance. Although the processes of playbuilding and devising overlap, they differ in both intention and practice. Both approaches include important frameworks and possibilities for work across literacy education. Following a discussion on the connections between literacy and drama in education, this paper introduces the forms of playbuilding and devising, followed by step‐by‐step illustrations of the practices at work in classrooms. This article, then, acts as an invitation to explore these two vehicles of performance creation in educational and literacy contexts.
Inferring the Evolution of Teleostean zp Genes Based on Their Sites of Expression
Authors: SANO KAORI , KAWAGUCHI MARI , WATANABE SATOSHI , NAGAKURA YOSHITOMO , HIRAKI TAKASHI , YASUMASU SHIGEKI 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFish egg envelopes consist of several glycoproteins, called zona pellucida (ZP) proteins, which are conserved among chordates. Euteleosts synthesize ZP proteins in the liver, while elopomorphs synthesize them in the ovaries. In Cypriniformes, zp genes are expressed in the ovaries. We investigated the zp genes of two Otocephalan orders: Clupeiformes (Pacific herring and Japanese anchovy) and Gonorynchiformes (milkfish), which diverged earlier than Cypriniformes. cDNA cloning of zp gene homologs revealed that Pacific herring and Japanese anchovy possessed both ovary‐ and liver‐expressed zp genes; however, the zp genes of milkfish were only expressed in the ovaries. Molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that ovary‐ and liver‐expressed zpc genes of two the Clupeiformes formed independent clades. Based on this, we hypothesized the evolution of teleostean zp genes, focusing on the organ expressing zp gene. As in other chordates, the original site of expression of zp genes was likely the ovary. In the early stage of teleostean evolution, the ancestral zp genes acquired the ability to express in the liver. Later, one of the two expression sites became dominant. The liver‐expressed zp genes are component proteins of the egg envelope in the Euteleostei. In Otocephala, Clupeiformes possess both ovary‐ and liver‐expressed genes that presumably participate in egg envelope formation, whereas the Gonorynchiformes and Cypriniformes have primarily preserved ovary expressed zp genes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:332–343, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanistic and functional aspects of the interaction of AR‐23 with mammalian cell membrane and improvement of branched polyethylenimine‐mediated gene transfection
Authors: Ma Qian , Tan Ying‐Xia , Chen Chong , Wang Ying‐Li , Li Su‐Bo , Gao Hong‐Wei , Bao Guo‐Qiang , Gong Feng , Ji Shou‐Ping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that reducing the positive charge of melittin could increase endosomal release activity and improve branched polyethylenimine (BPEI)‐mediated transfection. AR‐23 is a melittin‐related peptide from Rana tagoi, which shows 81% sequence identity with melittin but has less positively‐charged residues than melittin. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanistic and functional aspects of the interaction of AR‐23 with mammalian cells and thus improve BPEI‐mediated gene transfection.MethodsAR23 and two AR‐23 analogs (AR‐20 without positively‐charged residues and AR‐26 with the same positively‐charged residues as melittin) were analyzed. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrometry was used to analyze the secondary structures of the peptides. Peptide‐induced depolarization of cell membrane, the membrane‐lytic activity of the peptides, and their potency with respect to enhancing the cellular uptake of calcein were evaluated. The physicochemical characters of complexes were measured and the effect of the peptides on BPEI‐mediated transfection was determined.ResultsThe CD spectra results indicated that a positive charge in AR‐23 played a crucial role in maintaining the α‐helical conformation, whereas an extra positive charge could not increase α‐helical formation. AR‐23 displayed a similar depolarization ability to melittin. However, AR‐23 showed a lower membrane lytic activity under physiological conditions and a higher lytic activity at endosomal pH than melittin and AR‐26, which possess more positive charges. Compared to melittin and AR‐26, AR‐23, with a higher endosomal escaping activity, resulted in a higher enhancement of BPEI‐mediated gene transfection, as well as the maintainance of a lower cytotoxicity.ConclusionsWe suggest that AR‐23 may be considered as a potential enhancer for improving the transfection efficiency of cationic polymers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the influence of open magnetic flux on substorm intensity: Ground‐ and space‐based observations
Authors: Clausen L. B. N. , Milan S. E. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Glassmeier K.‐H. , Coxon J. C. , Anderson B. J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUsing the location of maximum region 1 current determined by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment as a proxy for the open/closed field line boundary, we monitor the evolution of the amount of open magnetic flux inside the magnetosphere during 772 substorms. We then divide all substorms into three classes, depending on the amount of open flux at expansion phase onset. Studying the temporal variations during the substorms of each class for a number of related geophysical parameters, we find that substorms occurring while the amount of open flux is large are generally more intense. By intense we mean that the auroral electrojet, region 1 current, auroral brightness, tail dipolarization and flow speed, ground magnetic signatures, Pi2 wave power, as well as the intensity and extent of the substorm current wedge (SCW) are all larger than during substorms that occur on a contracted polar cap. The SCW manifests itself as an intensification of the nightside R1 and R2 current system after onset. Our analysis shows that to dispose of large amounts of accumulated open magnetic flux, large substorms are triggered in the terrestrial magnetosphere.
Estimating the direct radiative effect of absorbing aerosols overlying marine boundary layer clouds in the southeast Atlantic using MODIS and CALIOP
Authors: Meyer Kerry , Platnick Steven , Oreopoulos Lazaros , Lee Dongmin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAbsorbing aerosols such as smoke strongly absorb solar radiation, particularly at ultraviolet and visible/near‐infrared (VIS/NIR) wavelengths, and their presence above clouds can have considerable implications. It has been previously shown that they have a positive (i.e., warming) direct aerosol radiative effect (DARE) when overlying bright clouds. Additionally, they can cause biased passive instrument satellite retrievals in techniques that rely on VIS/NIR wavelengths for inferring the cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective radius (re) of underlying clouds, which can in turn yield biased above‐cloud DARE estimates. Here we investigate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud optical property retrieval biases due to overlying absorbing aerosols observed by Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and examine the impact of these biases on above‐cloud DARE estimates. The investigation focuses on a region in the southeast Atlantic Ocean during August and September (2006–2011), where smoke from biomass burning in southern Africa overlies persistent marine boundary layer stratocumulus clouds. Adjusting for above‐cloud aerosol attenuation yields increases in the regional mean liquid COT (averaged over all ocean‐only liquid clouds) by roughly 6%; mean re increases by roughly 2.6%, almost exclusively due to the COT adjustment in the non‐orthogonal retrieval space. It is found that these two biases lead to an underestimate of DARE. For liquid cloud Aqua MODIS pixels with CALIOP‐observed above‐cloud smoke, the regional mean above‐cloud radiative forcing efficiency (DARE per unit aerosol optical depth (AOD)) at time of observation (near local noon for Aqua overpass) increases from 50.9Wm−2AOD−1 to 65.1Wm−2AOD−1 when using bias‐adjusted instead of nonadjusted MODIS cloud retrievals.
Highly accelerated cardiac cine phase‐contrast MRI using an undersampled radial acquisition and temporally constrained reconstruction
Authors: Hulet Jordan P. , Greiser Andreas , Mendes Jason K. , McGann Chris , Treiman Gerald , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo evaluate a method to enable single‐slice or multiple‐slice cine phase contrast (cine‐PC) acquisition during a single breath‐hold using a highly sparsified radial acquisition ordering and temporally constrained image reconstruction with a spatially varying temporal constraint.Materials and MethodsSimulated and in vivo cine‐PC datasets of the proximal ascending aorta were obtained at different acceleration factors using a view projection acquisition order optimized for temporally constrained reconstruction (TCR). Reconstruction of the sparse cine‐PC data performed with TCR was compared to reconstructions using zero‐filled regridding and temporal interpolation.ResultsTCR resulted in more accurate velocity measurements than regridding or temporal interpolation. In one dataset, TCR of undersampled in vivo data (16 views per cardiac phase) resulted in a peak systolic velocity within 3.3% of the value measured by Doppler ultrasound while shortening the scan time to 13 seconds. High temporal‐resolution undersampled TCR was also compared lower temporal‐resolution, more highly sampled, regridding in three normal volunteers.ConclusionTCR proved to be an effective method for reconstructing undersampled radial PC data. Although TCR utilizes a temporal constraint, temporal blurring was minimized by using appropriate constraint weights in addition to a spatially varying temporal constraint. TCR allowed for the acquisition time to be reduced to the duration of a breath‐hold, while still resulting in accurate velocity measurements. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:455–462. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Background parenchymal enhancement on breast MRI: Influence of menstrual cycle and breast composition
Authors: Kang Seok Seon , Ko Eun Young , Han Boo‐Kyung , Shin Jung Hee , Hahn Soo Yeon , Ko Eun Sook 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the menstrual cycle and breast composition influence on background parenchymal enhancement of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to investigate the optimal time for breast MR examinations.Materials and MethodsWe evaluated the dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MR images of 238 women who had completed a questionnaire survey about menstrual status. On MRI, the degree of enhancement (DE) of normal parenchyma was measured in the images 2 minutes and 6 minutes after contrast injection. A comparison between premenopausal and postmenopausal women and a separate comparison between dense breasts and fatty breasts were analyzed according to the premenopausal women's menstrual cycle.ResultsPremenopausal women showed significantly higher DE than the postmenopausal women (P < 0.001). In premenopausal women, overall DE of fatty breasts and dense breasts was not different. However, fatty breasts showed the highest DE in the 4th week and lowest DE in the 2nd week, while dense breasts showed the highest DE in the 3rd week and the lowest DE in the 4th week of menstrual cycle.ConclusionThe influence of menstrual cycle on the enhancement of breast parenchyma is different according to the breast composition. The optimal time for breast MRI could be different for dense and fatty breasts.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:526–534. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐power Full Penetration Welding Behavior
Authors: Romminger Volker , Haug Patrick , Speker Nicolai , Holzer Marco 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDue to their different physical beam characteristics, there are fundamental differences in the process behavior of CO2 lasers and solid‐state lasers during deep penetration welding. High‐quality full penetration welds can be achieved in thick sheet metal with both beam sources. However, the beam sources differ in regards to productivity, process stability, and seam quality depending on the material being welded.
Three Instruments — One Result
Authors: Cary Allen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMeasuring the propagation parameters of a laser beam is an important method of understanding the quality of the laser beam and predicting its performance for various laser applications. For this reason, it is one of the major specifications required by laser users and reported by laser manufacturers. There are three different types of instruments commercially available, and in this article we will explain the differences between them and the reasons for there being these different approaches to making this measurement. For purposes of illustration we will discuss the Spiricon M2‐200S, the Photon NanoModeScan, and the Photon M2‐1780.
Computation of the optimal value function in time‐dependent networks
Authors: Kluge Sebastian , Reif Konrad , Brokate Martin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe consider a time‐dependent network with a continuous‐time variable, in which time constraints are imposed both on the arrival times and on the waiting times at the nodes. Under certain continuity assumptions, we prove the existence of optimal paths, and we show that the optimal value function is lower‐semicontinuous. We present an exact solution algorithm, which computes both the optimal value function and the corresponding optimal paths. This algorithm is based on a Dijkstra‐like interpretation of a decreasing order of time algorithm, which allows the generalization of this method to a heuristic search algorithm. Moreover, we present an approximation procedure for the computation of the optimal value function and the corresponding optimal paths in a time‐dependent first‐in first‐out (FIFO) network. This method allows for the iterative construction of paths of monotone decreasing cost, starting from a path that is computable in polynomial time. We prove the correctness and termination of both algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2013
A coupled two‐scale shell model with applications to layered structures
Authors: Gruttmann F. , Wagner W. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper a coupled two‐scale shell model is presented. A variational formulation and associated linearization for the coupled global–local boundary value problem is derived. For small strain problems, various numerical solutions are computed within the so‐called FE 2 method. The discretization of the shell is performed with quadrilaterals, whereas the local boundary value problems at the integration points of the shell are discretized using 8‐noded or 27‐noded brick elements or so‐called solid shell elements. At the bottom and top surface of the representative volume element stress boundary conditions are applied, whereas at the lateral surfaces the in‐plane displacements are prescribed. For the out‐of‐plane displacements link conditions are applied. The coupled nonlinear boundary value problems are simultaneously solved within a Newton iteration scheme. With an important test, the correct material matrix for the stress resultants assuming linear elasticity and a homogeneous continuum is verified.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Different or Equal Treatment? Donor Priority Strategy and Fundraising Performance Assessed by a Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Scherhag Christian , Boenigk Silke 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany nonprofit organizations apply a priority strategy to their donors instead of treating donors equally. The underlying assumption of this strategy is that different and preferential treatment of donors according to their donation amount positively affects fundraising performance. We conducted a propensity score matching study to analyze the fundraising strategies of seventy‐three cultural organizations in Germany. The empirical findings are discussed and complemented by qualitative data from twenty interviews with fundraising managers and private donors. The results show that, in terms of fundraising performance, nonprofit organizations that apply a donor priority strategy outperform organizations that treat donors equally. A donor priority strategy ultimately leads to a 125 euro higher total revenue per donor and an 87 euro higher profit per donor due to cost savings via better use of fundraising resources.
Terminal Pleistocene Later Stone Age Human Remains from the Mlambalasi Rock Shelter, Iringa Region, Southern Tanzania
Authors: Sawchuk Elizabeth A. , Willoughby Pamela R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces research at the Mlambalasi rock shelter in the Iringa Region of southern Tanzania. The deposits are composed of a historic and Iron Age occupation, a microlithic Holocene Later Stone Age (LSA), and then a macrolithic Late Pleistocene LSA. Middle Stone Age deposits are also present on the slope in front of the rock shelter. Excavations in A.D. 2002, 2006, and 2010 yielded fragmentary human remains as well as pottery, iron, stone tools, faunal bone, and glass and ostrich eggshell beads. Among the human remains, four individuals are present: two adults and a juvenile were found in the same LSA context, and another adult associated with the Iron Age/historic period. The most complete skeleton is an adult of indeterminate sex that was foundin situin an LSA deposit. Charcoal in proximity to the bone was AMS radiocarbon dated to 12,925 cal BC (OxA‐24620), which is consistent with radiocarbon dates on giant land snail shells from above and below the remains. The skeleton exhibits a series of pathological changes such as extensive dental wear and carious lesions, as well as damage most likely caused by termites, post‐mortem. The most striking aspect of this individual is its small size; stature and body mass estimations place it in the range of historic Khoesan from southern Africa. Consequently, this research adds to the discourse regarding the existence of small‐bodied people in the East African LSA. Findings from this new skeletal sample will contribute to studies of human biology and variation in Africa during the terminal Pleistocene and Holocene. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of diagnostic codes and prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a managed care population, 1996–2009
Authors: Asgari Maryam M. , Wu Jashin J. , Gelfand Joel M. , Salman Craig , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Harrold Leslie R. , Herrinton Lisa J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundFew population‐based studies have reported the prevalence of psoriatic disease.ObjectiveWe validated computerized diagnoses to estimate the prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.MethodWe identified adults with ≥1 ICD‐9 diagnosis codes of 696.0 (psoriatic arthritis) or 696.1 (psoriasis) in clinical encounter data during 1996–2009 and used chart review to confirm the diagnoses in random samples of patients. We then used the best performing case‐finding algorithms to estimate the point prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.ResultsThe number of persons with a diagnosis for psoriasis (ICD‐9 code 696.1) was 87 827. Chart review of a random sample of 101 cases with at least one dermatologist‐rendered psoriasis code revealed a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90% (95% CI, 83–95) with sensitivity of 88% (95% CI, 80–93). Psoriatic arthritis (code 696.0) was recorded for 5187 patients, with the best performing algorithm requiring ≥2 diagnoses recorded by a rheumatologist or ≥1 diagnosis recorded by a rheumatologist together with ≥1 psoriasis diagnoses recorded by a dermatologist; the PPV was 80% (95% CI, 70–88) with sensitivity 73% (95% CI, 63–82). Among KPNC adults, the point prevalence of psoriasis, with or without psoriatic arthritis, was 939 (95% CI, 765–1142) per 100 000, and the overall prevalence of psoriatic arthritis, with or without psoriasis, was 68 (95% CI, 54–84) per 100 000.ConclusionWithin an integrated health care delivery system, the use of computerized diagnoses rendered by relevant disease specialists is a valid method for identifying individuals with psoriatic disease. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optische Wirbel
Authors: Zürch Michael , Kern Christian , Spielmann Christian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWirbel sind ein bekanntes natürliches Phänomen, bei dem Masse in eine stabile Rotationsbewegung versetzt wird. Weniger bekannt ist, dass auch Lichtstrahlen in einen Zustand versetzt werden können, der in vielen Eigenschaften mit einem Wirbel vergleichbar ist. Unser Experiment hat gezeigt, dass sich solche optischen Verwirbelungen über einen großen Teil des elektromagnetischen Spektrums verpflanzen lassen, ohne dass sie dabei zusammenbrechen. Man kann diese Wirbel also im langwelligeren Bereich an starken Laserpulsen erzeugen und sie mit deren Hilfe theoretisch bis in den Röntgenbereich hoch transformieren. Gelungen ist dies bislang bis ins extreme Ultraviolette. Damit werden die Lichtwirbel für die Spektroskopie bestimmter Elektronenzustände, die Dunkelzustände, hochinteressant.
Zerstäuben großer Wassertropfen
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn der Natur kommen Wassertropfen in verschiedenen Größen vor. Kleine Tröpfchen von etwa 10 μm sind üblich in Nebel und Wolken, während Regentropfen bis zu 5 mm Durchmesser erreichen können. Größere Tropfen können oszillieren, während kleinere im Allgemeinen kugelförmig sind. Offensichtlich können Wassertropfen nicht beliebig groß werden. Welche Faktoren beschränken die mögliche Größe?
Ton und Klang mit Audio Kit
Authors: Vogt Patrik , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas , Lück Stephan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie App Audio Kit (für iPhone, iPod touch und iPad) ermöglicht es, Schallsignale zu analysieren und Töne definierter Frequenz zu generieren. Daraus ergeben sich vielfältige Experimentiermöglichkeiten im Bereich der Akustik. So lassen sich verschiedene Schallarten und die Klangfarbe von Instrumenten beispielsweise mit Fourier‐Analysen studieren.
Vapour phase co‐deposition of Al—Cu thin film alloys
Authors: Hafner Martina , Mardare Andrei Ionut , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe fabrication and characterisation of Al—Cu thin film alloys obtained using co‐deposition geometry from individual Al and Cu sources were addressed. A compositional gradient ranging from 36 to 93 at.% Cu was obtained. The surface microstructure evolved with a strong influence on the Cu content. This was connected to the presence of the Cu(111) in the alloys. The electrical resistivity showed a decrease by almost one order of magnitude in the Cu rich region of the Al—Cu combinatorial library. Al—Cu thin films evaporated from a single source produced a surface compositional gradient of 7 at.%. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling revealed an in‐depth compositional gradient as well. This behaviour was attributed to the gas phase dynamics of Al and Cu during the thin film formation.