bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of platelets in sepsis
Authors: van ’t Veer Cornelis , Poll Tom van der , de Stoppelaar Sacha 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPlatelets are small circulating anucleate cells that are of crucial importance in haemostasis. Over the last decade, it has become increasingly clear that platelets play an important role in inflammation and can influence both innate and adaptive immunity. Sepsis is a potentially lethal condition caused by detrimental host response to an invading pathogen. Dysbalanced immune response and activation of the coagulation system during sepsis are fundamental events leading to sepsis complications and organ failure. Platelets, being major effector cells in both haemostasis and inflammation, are involved in sepsis pathogenesis and contribute to sepsis complications. Platelets catalyse the development of hyperinflammation, disseminated intravascular coagulation and microthrombosis, and subsequently contribute to multiple organ failure. Inappropriate accumulation and activity of platelets are key events in the development of sepsis-related complications such as acute lung injury and acute kidney injury. Platelet activation readouts could serve as biomarkers for early sepsis recognition; inhibition of platelets in septic patients seems like an important target for immune-modulating therapy and appears promising based on animal models and retrospective human studies.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Interstitial Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Mice Treated With Spironolactone
Authors: Coelho‐Filho Otavio R. , Shah Ravi V. , Neilan Tomas G. , Mitchell Richard , Moreno Heitor , Kwong Raymond , Jerosch‐Herold Michael 
Published: June 2014

Background

Nearly 50% of patients with heart failure (
HF
) have preserved
LV
ejection fraction, with interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as early manifestations of pressure overload. However, methods to assess both tissue characteristics dynamically and noninvasively with therapy are lacking. We measured the effects of mineralocorticoid receptor blockade on tissue phenotypes in
LV
pressure overload using cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
).

Methods and Results

Mice were randomized to
l
‐nitro‐ω‐methyl ester (
l
‐
NAME
, 3 mg/
mL
in water; n=22), or
l
‐
NAME
with spironolactone (50 mg/kg/day in subcutaneous pellets; n=21). Myocardial extracellular volume (
ECV
; marker of diffuse interstitial fibrosis) and the intracellular lifetime of water (τ
ic
; marker of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy) were determined by
CMR
T1 imaging at baseline and after 7 weeks of therapy alongside histological assessments. Administration of
l
‐
NAME
induced hypertensive heart disease in mice, with increases in mean arterial pressure,
LV
mass,
ECV
, and τ
ic
compared with placebo‐treated controls, while
LV
ejection fraction was preserved (>50%). In comparison, animals receiving both spironolactone and
l
‐
NAME
(“
l
‐
NAME
+S”) showed less concentric remodeling, and a lower myocardial
ECV
and τ
ic
, indicating decreased interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (
ECV
: 0.43±0.09 for
l
‐
NAME
versus 0.25±0.03 for
l
‐
NAME
+S,
P
<0.001; τ
ic
: 0.42±0.11 for
l
‐
NAME
groups versus 0.12±0.05 for
l
‐
NAME
+S group). Mice treated with a combination of
l
‐
NAME
and spironolactone were similar to placebo‐treated controls at 7 weeks.

Conclusions

Spironolactone attenuates interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in hypertensive heart disease.
CMR
can phenotype myocardial tissue remodeling in pressure‐overload, furthering our understanding of
HF
progression.
Taxonomic studies on the genus Premna (Lamiaceae) in China—I: the identities of P. fulva and P. tapintzeana
Authors: Tan Yunhong , Li Bo 
Published: June 2014

With 46 species recognized in the Flora of China, Premna is now one of the fifth largest genera in the mint family in China. Current classifications have placed Premna in the family Lamiaceae removing it from the family Verbenaceae, leaving the identity of many of the Chinese species difficult to resolve. In this study, based on protologues, and consulting both herbarium (including the types) and fresh specimens, P. crassa is reduced to synonymy of P. fulva; P. calcicola (ined.), P. crassa var. bijiangensis (ined.), P. crassa var. yuii, P. dopii, P. puerensis, P. shunningensis (ined.), P. straminicaulis, P. yuanjiangensis (ined.) and P. yunnanensis (nom. illeg.) are recognized as P. tapintzeana. Premna fulva and P. tapintzeana are similar to each other by having small corymbs, subequal stamens enclosed by the corolla tube, and equal or slightly 2-lipped calyces with 5 obtuse lobes, but also different in the shape of leaf blades and upper corolla lips, the indumentum of branchlets, petioles and peduncles, and their habitat. The present investigation provides complete taxonomic treatments, geographic distributions and ecological observations of P. fulva and P. tapintzeana.
Evaluation of a recovery-oriented care training program for mental healthcare professionals: Effects on mental health consumer outcomes
Authors: Wilrycx Greet , Croon Marcel , Van den Broek Anneloes , van Nieuwenhuizen Chijs 
Published: June 2014

Objectives: To examine the effects of a recovery-oriented care training program for mental healthcare professionals on mental health consumer outcomes. Methods: The Mental Health Recovery Measure (MHRM) and the Recovery-Promoting Relationship Scale (RPRS) were administered to a sample of 142 consumers with severe mental illness. A repeated measurement design with six measurement occasions was used. Analyses: Separate analyses were performed for the MHRM and RPRS subscales. Data were analyzed by means of the software package AMOS for structural equation modeling. First, the means of the five scales were computed at each measurement occasion. Next, two series of regression analyses were conducted: the first series aimed to ascertain whether gender and age have a significant effect on the MHRM and RPRS scores, and the second series aimed to detect a systematic trend in the average scale response of the MHRM and RPRS. Results: Scores showed a significant change over time for the subscale ‘Learning & new potentials’ of the MHRM. Significant effects were also found for gender, with men scoring higher than women on the subscales ‘Self-empowerment’ and ‘Learning & new potentials’. Age had no effect on the MHRM and RPRS. The scores on the RPRS showed no significant change over time. Conclusions: One year after completion of the recovery-oriented training program for professionals, positive results were found for two subscales of the MHRM, that is, ‘Self- empowerment’ and ‘Learning & new potentials’.
Legislative processes as sequences: exploring temporal trajectories of Italian law-making by means of sequence analysis
Authors: Borghetto Enrico 
Published: June 2014

The study of time in legislative processes has so far understood time mainly as duration (of the process as a whole or of its single stages). This work contributes to existing research by presenting a new approach to the study of time which takes as the unit of analysis the whole temporal trajectory followed by a bill from its introduction to the floor to its final adoption. Legislative processes are conceived of as sequences of stages a bill has to go through before its final adoption. The relative time spent in each of these stages varies considerably. This work aims to explore the determinants of variation in the observed trajectories of relative duration. To this end, it applies the tools of discrepancy sequence analysis, a method commonly employed for the study of occupational histories or life courses. The analysis was conducted on a sample of Italian legislative acts adopted in Italy from 1987 to 2008. Points for practitioners The greater availability of longitudinal data and the increased focus of social science theory on temporal change have contributed to heightening the attention given by social science scholars to the tools of sequence analysis. Scholars are increasingly recognizing that this set of methods may effectively complement existing techniques for the study of temporal data, by allowing new questions to be addressed. This article shows an example of how sequence analysis may be extended beyond the study of life or career histories, where it has been mainly confined. What is more, it presents an application of a novel technique, discrepancy analysis, which allows the study of the relationship between the trajectories and covariates of interest in an explanatory framework.
Lifelong Preventative Health Care for Elderly Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Gambert Steven R. , Liebeskind Susan , Cameron Daniel 
Published: June 2014

Elderly persons with developmental disabilities are living longer, and a lifelong preventative aging program is essential to ensure a high quality of life during later years. Normal aging changes coupled with age-prevalent illness may lead to decreased physical functioning and increased dependency. Although normal aging is not preventable, these changes must not be accelerated; diseases must be noted early and treated promptly. This article proposes a lifelong preventative aging program for persons with developmental disabilities.
Assessing Postural Stability in the Concussed Athlete
Authors: Ruhe Alexander , Fejer René , Gänsslen Axel , Klein Wolfgang 
Published: June 2014

Context: Postural stability assessment is included as part of the diagnostic and monitoring process for sports-related concussions. Particularly, the relatively simple Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and more sophisticated force plate measures like the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) are suggested. Evidence Acquisition: Relevant studies were identified via the following electronic databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL (1980 to July 2013). Inclusion was based on the evaluation of postural sway or balance in concussed athletes of any age or sex and investigating the reliability or validity of the included tests. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4 Results: Both the SOT and the BESS show moderate reliability, but a learning effect due to repetitive testing needs to be considered. Both tests indicate that postural stability returns to baseline by day 3 to 5 in most concussed athletes. While the BESS is a simple and valid method, it is sensitive to subjectivity in scoring and the learning effect. The SOT is very sensitive to even subtle changes in postural sway, and thus, more accurate than the BESS; however, it is a rather expensive method of balance testing. Conclusion: Both tests serve the purpose of monitoring balance performance in the concussed athlete; however, neither may serve as a stand-alone diagnostic or monitoring tool. Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy: B
How susceptible are different lepidopteran/coleopteran maize pests to Bt-proteins: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Gathmann Achim , Priesnitz Kai U 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background
Lepidopteran and coleopteran species are the most important pests in maize. They can be controlled using genetically modified crops expressing insecticidal Bt-proteins. The long term success of this technology demands a pest resistance management. Important information for a successful management of resistance is the baseline susceptibility of the different targeted pests towards the different Bt-proteins. The data on baseline susceptibility should enable risk assessors and managers to assess whether a) Bt-maize events represent a high-dose to specific target organisms, b) resistance has developed while monitoring the commercial introduction of Bt-maize events and c) potential knowledge gaps can be identified.

Methods
This protocol describes our suggested methods for conducting a systematic review to give an overview of the European target pests in maize and their susceptibility to insecticidal Bt-proteins. Both published and unpublished data shall be collated. Different sources of information will be searched in order to maximize the coverage of the search. All identified publications will be stored in a database. Relevant information for the review will be identified in a three step approach based on inclusion criteria. This data set will be an important basis to model and assess the potential for evolution of resistance of different crop-Bt-protein-species combinations.
A diagnostic scale for Alzheimer’s disease based on cerebrospinal fluid biomarker profiles
Authors: Lehmann Sylvain , Dumurgier Julien , Schraen Susanna , Wallon David , Blanc Frédéric , Magnin Eloi , Bombois Stéphanie , Bousiges Olivier , Campion Dominique , Cretin Benjamin , Delaby Constance , Hannequin Didier , Jung Barbara , Hugon Jacques , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Miguet-Alfonsi Carole , Peoc’h Katell , Philippi Nathalie , Quillard-Muraine Muriel , Sablonnière Bernard , Touchon Jacques , Vercruysse Olivier , Paquet Claire , Pasquier Florence , Gabelle Audrey 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The relevance of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders is clearly established. However, the question remains on how to use these data, which are often heterogeneous (not all biomarkers being pathologic). The objective of this study is to propose to physicians in memory clinics a biologic scale of probabilities that the patient with cognitive impairments has an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathologic process.

Methods
For that purpose, we took advantage of the multicenter data of our Paris-North, Lille, and Montpellier (PLM) study, which has emerged through the initial sharing of information from these memory centers. Different models combining the CSF levels of amyloid-β 42, tau, and p-tau(181) were tested to generate categories of patients with very low (<10%), low (<25%), high (>75%), and very high predictive values (>90%) for positive AD. In total, 1,273 patients (646 AD and 627 non-AD) from six independent memory-clinic cohorts were included.

Results
A prediction model based on logistic regressions achieved a very good stratification of the population but had the disadvantages of needing mathematical optimization and being difficult to use in daily clinical practice. Remarkably, a simple and intuitive model based on the number (from zero to three) of three pathologic CSF biomarkers resulted in a very efficient predictive scale for AD in patients seen in memory clinics. The scale’s overall predictive value for AD for the different categories were as follows: class 0, 9.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.0% to 13.2%); class 1, 24.7% (95% CI, 18.0% to 31.3%); class 2, 77.2% (95% CI, 67.8% to 86.5%); and class 3, 94.2% (95% CI, 90.7% to 97.7%). In addition, with this scale, significantly more patients were correctly classified than with the logistic regression. Its superiority in model performance was validated by the computation of the net reclassification index (NRI). The model was also validated in an independent multicenter dataset of 408 patients (213 AD and 195 non-AD).

Conclusions
In conclusion, we defined a new scale that could be used to facilitate the interpretation and routine use of multivariate CSF data, as well as helping the stratification of patients in clinical research trials.
The disease formerly known as rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Firestein Gary S 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis is a complex disease where predetermined and stochastic factors conspire to confer disease susceptibility. In light of the diverse responses to targeted therapies, rheumatoid arthritis might represent a final common clinical phenotype that reflects many pathogenic pathways. Therefore, it might be appropriate to begin thinking about rheumatoid arthritis as a syndrome rather than a disease. Use of genetics, epigenetics, microbiomics, and other unbiased technologies will probably permit stratification of patients based on mechanisms of disease rather than by clinical phenotype.
Why is there persistent disease despite biologic therapy? Importance of early intervention
Authors: Emery Paul 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis short article hypothesizes that the major reason for persistent disease despite biologic therapy is the inappropriately late timing of therapy with biologic agents. There is clear evidence to support this hypothesis. This short review will indicate that patients treated at an earlier phase of disease can achieve a clinical remission rate of 70% and a response rate of above 95%.
Modulation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of nanoparticles in cancer cells by external magnetic field
Authors: Shaw Jyoti , Raja Sufi O , Dasgupta Anjan Kr 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are well known for anticancer activity by deregulating cellular functions. In the present study, cellular effects of low strength static magnetic field (SMF) were explored. How nanoparticles affect the cellular response in presence and absence of static magnetic field was also studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human lymphoma monocytic cell line U937 were chosen as representative normal and cancer cells models. The two effects we would like to report in this paper are, DNA damage induced by SMF of the order of 70 mT, and alteration in membrane potential. The other notable aspect was the changes were diametrically opposite in normal and cancer cell types. DNA damage was observed only in cancer cells whereas membrane depolarization was observed in normal cells. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were also used for cellular response studies in presence and absence of SMF. The effects of the magnetic nanoparticle IONP and also of AuNP were sensitive to presence of SMF. Unlike cancer cells, normal cells showed a transient membrane depolarization sensitive to static magnetic field. This depolarization effect exclusive for normal cells was suggested to have correlations with their higher repair capacity and lesser propensity for DNA damage. The work shows cancer cells and normal cells respond to nanoparticle and static magnetic field in different ways. The static magnetic induced DNA damage observed exclusively in cancer cells may have therapeutic implications. From the conclusions of the present investigation we may infer that static magnetic field enhances the therapeutic potentials of nanoparticles. Such low strength magnetic field seems to be a promising external manoeuvring agent in designing theranostics.
Making smart pumps smarter, making IV therapy safer
Authors: Waterson James 
Published: June 2014

Errors of IV drug administration outweigh errors related to prescribing and have remained stubbornly fixed at an unacceptable level, with one study giving a rate of 74.5 errors per 100 patient days. A major challenge, therefore, in smart pump development has been ‘closing the loop’—confirming correct administration and guiding clinicians at the point of administration. CareFusion smart pumps set ‘rules’ for every infusion through the application of a drug library. The effectiveness of this library can be monitored through a reporting system, which allows teams to make informed changes to therapies and limits. Creating the drug library is a multidisciplinary undertaking which often involves conflict and a rolling back of assumptions about current practices. Integrating smart pumps with electronic health records, and using auto-population to ‘close the loop’ for IV drug administration, release the potential of smart pumps to protect patients against drug administration error.
Implementing and evaluating the patient safety benefits of dose error reduction software in electronic infusion devices in an NHS Hospital Trust
Authors: Cousins David , Cartwright Edmund 
Published: June 2014

A review of all dose error reduction software (DERS) alerts displayed in electronic infusion devices (‘smart pumps’) was undertaken in an NHS Hospital Trust over 12 months. There were 265 880 infusion starts recorded. The majority of infusions (173 891 (65.4%)) were found to have been started using the DERS settings. Some 3700 (1.4%) infusion starts caused a DERS alert to be displayed to the user. Of these, 831 (0.3%) were above the hard dose rate limit and 1331 (0.5%) above and 1538 (0.6%) below the soft dose rate limits. Of these, 317 (8.6%) resulted in the ‘error’ being corrected by reprogramming the infusion rate within set limits, 478 (12.9%) were cancelled and 2452 (66.3%) were over-ridden with the rate of infusion unchanged. For 453 (12.2%) the actions were not recorded in a way that could be included in reports for analysis. Implementation of this technology has enabled infusion rate errors involving critical infusions containing high alert medicines to be avoided. These types of infusion errors could also be avoided in other NHS Trusts if DERS were used.
Investigation of Consecutive Fouling and Cleaning Cycles of Ultrafiltration Membranes Used for Whey Processing
Authors: Berg Thilo H. A. , Knudsen Jes C. , Ipsen Richard , van den Berg Frans , Holst Hans H. , Tolkach Alexander 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Development of resistance during multiple foulings and three-step Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) operations, simulating an industrial cleaning regime of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes, was investigated. The study explored how trans-membrane pressure (150 and 300 kPa) and feed protein concentration (0.9 and 10%) influenced resistance reduction during filtration and flux recovery by the cleaning procedures. New membranes, pre-cleaned with a full CIP cycle, were used for each experiment. Subsequent fouling (simulating production) and CIP were done three times in a row and the development of fouling layer resistance was monitored and evaluated. Results show that filtration performance decreased during the first days of usage, possibly related to build-up of internal fouling. Cleaning success based on flux recovery was negatively influenced by a high protein concentration in the feed, but independent of the trans-membrane pressure during filtration.
X-ray structures of heteroleptic zinc(II) complexes involving combinations of O,O′-dialkyldithiophosphato and bidentate N-donor ligands
Authors: Jeremias Lukáš , Demo Gabriel , Babiak Michal , Vícha Jan , Trávníček Zdeněk , Novosad Josef 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The detailed X-ray structural elucidation of reaction products of a zinc(II) salt with O,O′-dialkyldithiophosphate and nitrogen-containing heterocycles (N–N=1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy)) has been performed. Surprisingly, together with [Zn(S2 P(OR)2)2(N–N)] compounds, also ionic-type complexes having the formula of [Zn(N–N)3](S2 P(OR)2)2 have been obtained using the same molar ratios of the reactants. The prepared complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The crystallographic analysis showed that the bond lengths and bite angles of the prepared complexes are in good agreement with those of similar compounds. The crystal packing of described complexes is formed via π–π stacking interactions and/or C–H···S non-covalent contacts.