bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constipation severity is associated with productivity losses and healthcare utilization in patients with chronic constipation
Authors: Neri Luca , Basilisco Guido , Corazziari Enrico , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Bassotti Gabrio , Bellini Massimo , Perelli Ilaria , Cuomo Rosario ,   LIRS Study Group
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate the association between constipation severity, productivity losses and healthcare utilization in a national sample of Italian patients with chronic non‐organic constipation (CC)MethodsWe enrolled 878 outpatients with CC. Clinical and demographic data were collected by physicians during clinical examinations. Patients completed a self‐administered questionnaire (Patient Assessment of Constipation‐Symptoms, PAC‐SYM; Work Productivity and Activity Impairment; healthcare utilization, and Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised – Somatization Scale, SCL‐90 R).ResultsMean PAC‐SYM score was 1.62 ± 0.69. Mean weekly sick time due to constipation was 2.7 ± 8.6 h and productivity losses due to presenteeism was 19.7% ± 22.3%. Adjusted productivity losses in patients with severe CC (PAC‐SYM score 2.3–4.0) compared to patients with mild symptoms (PAC‐SYM score 0.0–1.0) was Italian Purchase Power Parity US$ 6160. Constipation severity (PAC‐SYM quintiles) was associated with higher healthcare utilization (RRPAC‐SYM 4/0 1.84; p ‐value for linear trend <0.01). After adjustment for somatization scores, the association of constipation severity with productivity losses and healthcare utilization rates was attenuated yet statistically significant.ConclusionsWe observed a graded increase in productivity losses and healthcare utilization with increasing constipation severity. Further studies should evaluate whether significant savings might be achieved with regimens aimed at reducing the constipation severity.
Palmieri’s double suture skin repair: a new double suture approach to cases of skin cancer and ulcerative lesions
Authors: Palmieri Beniamino , Grappolini Simone , Fiamengo Barbara , Iannitti Tommaso 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We describe two case reports to assess the efficacy of a new method suitable to close small-sized pressure ulcers and cancer-related skin lesions.
A handy approximation for a mediated bioelectrocatalysis process, related to Michaelis-Menten equation
Authors: Filobello-Nino Uriel , Vazquez-Leal Hector , Benhammouda Brahim , Hernandez-Martinez Luis , Khan Yasir , Jimenez-Fernandez Victor Manuel , Herrera-May Agustin Leobardo , Castaneda-Sheissa Roberto , Pereyra-Diaz Domitilo , Cervantes-Perez Juan , Agustin Perez-Sesma Jose Antonio , Hernandez-Machuca Sergio Francisco , Cuellar-Hernandez Leticia 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this article, Perturbation Method (PM) is employed to obtain a handy approximate solution to the steady state nonlinear reaction diffusion equation containing a nonlinear term related to Michaelis-Menten of the enzymatic reaction. Comparing graphics between the approximate and exact solutions, it will be shown that the PM method is quite efficient.
Brief psychological intervention after self-harm: randomised controlled trial from Pakistan
Authors: Husain Nusrat , Afsar Salahuddin , Ara Jamal , Fayyaz Hina , Rahman Raza ur , Tomenson Barbara , Hamirani Munir , Chaudhry Nasim , Fatima Batool , Husain Meher , Naeem Farooq , Chaudhry Imran B. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundSelf-harm is a major risk factor for completed suicide.AimsTo determine the efficacy of a brief psychological intervention – culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving training (C-MAP) – delivered following an episode of self-harm compared with treatment as usual (TAU).MethodThe study was a randomised controlled assessor-masked clinical trial (trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01308151). All patients admitted after an episode of self-harm during the previous 7 days to the participating medical units of three university hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, were included in the study. A total of 250 patients were screened and 221 were randomly allocated to C-MAP plus treatment as usual (TAU) or to TAU alone. All patients were assessed at baseline, at 3 months (end of intervention) and at 6 months after baseline. The primary outcome measure was reduction in suicidal ideation at 3 months. The secondary outcome measures included hopelessness, depression, coping resources and healthcare utilisation.ResultsA total of 108 patients were randomised to the C-MAP group and 113 to the TAU group. Patients in the C-MAP group showed statistically significant improvement on the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and Beck Hopelessness Inventory, which was sustained at 3 months after the completion of C-MAP. There was also a significant reduction in symptoms of depression compared with patients receiving TAU.ConclusionsThe positive outcomes of this brief psychological intervention in patients attempting self-harm are promising and suggest that C-MAP may have a role in suicide prevention.
Responses ofDrosophilagiant descending neurons to visual and mechanical stimuli
Authors: Mu Laiyong , Bacon Jonathan P. , Ito Kei , Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn Drosophila, the paired Giant Descending Neurons (GDN), also known as Giant Fibers (GFs), and the paired Giant Antennal Mechanosensory Descending Neurons (GAMDN), are supplied by visual and mechanosensory inputs. Both neurons have the largest cell bodies in the brain and both supply slender axons to the neck connective. The GDN axon thereafter widens to become the largest axon in the thoracic ganglia, supplying information to leg extensor and wing depressor muscles. The GAMDN axon remains slender, interacting with other DN axons medially. GDN and GAMDN dendrites are partitioned to receive inputs from antennal mechanosensory afferents and inputs from the optic lobes. Although GDN anatomy has been well studied in Musca domestica, less is known about Drosophila homologue, including electrophysiological responses to sensory stimuli. Here we provide detailed anatomical comparisons of the GDN and the GAMDN, characterizing their sensory inputs. The GDN showed responses to light-ON and light-OFF stimuli, expanding stimuli that result in luminance decrease, mechanical stimulation of the antennae, and combined mechanical and visual stimulation. We show that ensembles of lobula columnar neurons (type Col A) and mechanosensory antennal afferents are likely responsible for these responses. The reluctance of the GDN to spike in response to stimulation confirms observations of the Musca GDN. That this reluctance may be a unique property of the GDN is suggested by comparisons with the GAMDN, in which action potentials are readily elicited by mechanical and visual stimuli. The results are discussed in the context of descending pathways involved in multimodal integration and escape responses.
Dreams From Homer to Plato
Authors: Redfield James 
Published: March 2014

Abstract In archaic and classical literature dreams often appear as independent entities that enter human consciousness as messengers or omens. In Homer a god can come in a dream-always in disguise-or can send a dream. Dreams are insubstantial, like the psychai; a psyche like a god may come in a dream. If a dream bears a message (which may be a lie) it declares itself a messenger; ominous dreams simply arrive and require interpretation-which may be erroneous. Insubstantial and deceptive, dreams occupy a territory between reality and unreality. The resultant ambiguities are explored at length in Odyssey 19, where a truthful, self-interpreting dream is told and rejected by the teller, who nevertheless proceeds to act as if she believed it. Later literature shows us specific rituals for dealing with dreams, and tells of their origin as children of Night or Chthôn. Sometimes exogenic dreams are contrasted with endogenic dreams, which may arise from organic states. Finally in Plato’s Republic we have an account of certain dreams as irruptions into consciousness of hidden aspects of the psyche.
Philo of Alexandria’s Dream Classification
Authors: Tovar Sofía Torallas 
Published: March 2014

Abstract The Stoic three-fold classification of dreams provided Philo with a structure upon which he built his treatise on Dreams. This treatise was meant to comment on the dreams appearing in the book of Genesis, in the strict order of their appearance in the Scripture. The classification as presented by him added a gradation which classifies dreams by their phenomenology and the clarity of the message they convey. While dreams sent by God are perfectly clear, those which have the soul as a source are obscure enough to require the intervention of a skilled interpreter. The obscurity or clarity of dreams depended on the perfection acquired by the soul of the dreamer. At this point a second three-fold classification complements the one on dreams: the classification of types of lives or types of souls, which involves a gradation of the soul in its progress towards perfection, using as examples the characters appearing in the Scriptures, mainly the Patriarchs.
The Stuff of Dream
Authors: Rappold Adam 
Published: March 2014

Abstract This paper employs a little-discussed passage from the Life of Aesop, wherein the slave Aesop undercuts the dream-interpretation of his master, to comment on the broader status concerns of dream interpretation in antiquity. Specifically, extending Leslie Kurke’s (2011) framework in Aesopic Conversations, this paper identifies the depiction of Aesop as part of a more widespread ’demotic’ critique of high/elite wisdom culture, arguing that belief in the predictive power of dreams was a hallmark of elite culture. By doing so, it reveals that skepticism about the ability of dreams to predict the future was a trait stereotypically associated with ’low’ or non-elite culture, at least until the first century CE. Ultimately this allows us to defamiliarize our readings of ancient sources and to generate new interpretations, a fact which is tested on Socrates’ dream in Plato’s Phaedo. As a takeaway, this revised discourse about dreams undercuts modern scholarly assumptions about the relative status of believers versus skeptics in Greek religion. Perhaps most importantly though, through its framework for reconstructing and tracing the impact of literary stereotypes, this paper offers an attempt to glimpse true popular culture and a rebuttal to the claim that the ’inner thoughts’ of the non-literate cannot be understood.
Dangerous Dreaming: The Christian Transformation of Dream Incubation
Authors: Graf Fritz 
Published: March 2014

Abstract Deubner’s thesis of an easy transformation of pagan into Christian incubation has been revived recently. In my paper, I argue against such an easy reception, both for general and for specific reasons. Christian theology was much more suspicious of dreams than the pagan world and would argue against an easy adoption of dream incubation; this is confirmed by the fact that the ritual forms of dream healing in Christian churches looked very different from the rituals in pagan incubation shrines and never attained the uniformity of the pagan rites. None of the few cases where continuity has been argued for on archaeological grounds stands up to closer scrutiny, and the analysis of dream healing in the church of the Twelve Apostles in Menouthis near Alexandria and of other early literary records leads to a very nuanced understanding of how Christian dream healing succeeded pagan incubation.
Habilitation, Ruf und Inflation
Authors: Dürkop Martina 
Published: March 2014

Abstract This article introduces and presents the letters from Otto Weinreich to Georg Wissowa written between 1913 and 1924. They offer glimpses into the academic world before the Great War. Initiating his career Weinreich was looking for a subject, for a mentor, and for a job in 1913. He made career like his peers step by step. In 1914 he got his chance to attain the habilitation at Halle (Saale). But the outbreak of war changed everyone’s life. Some of the younger scholars joined up the army, others had to follow during the next months or years. Only the few among them who were exempt from military service could make a classic career. When the combatants returned in 1919, they had to close a gap of some years. Meanwhile,Weinreich changed the place three times: to Tübingen, Jena and Heidelberg. At the beginning ofWeimar Republic, he had established himself as professor. He was author, editor of the Archiv für Religionswissenschaft and Religionsgeschichtliche Versuche und Vorarbeiten and contributor. He and his old mentorWissowa recalled the good old days.The letters raise several issues: Did the war further Weinreich’s career? Or did he just seize the opportunity? Had he been considered as the „rising talent“ supported by teachers like Richard Wünsch, Franz Boll, and Wissowa? Could the letters be seen as a kind of witness for fallen and surviving colleagues, for war and post-war misery, for the struggle for existence and the success of scientific work?
Study of the Effects of High Temperatures on the Engineering Properties of Steel 42CrMo4
Authors: Brnic Josip , Turkalj Goran , Canadija Marko , Lanc Domagoj , Brcic Marino 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe paper presents and analyzes the experimental results of the effect of elevated temperatures on the engineering properties of steel 42CrMo4. Experimental data relating to the mechanical properties of the material, the creep resistance as well as Charpy impact energy. Temperature dependence of the mentioned properties is also shown. Some of creep curves were simulated using rheological models and an analytical equation. Finally, an assessment of fracture toughness was made that was based on experimentally determined Charpy impact energy. Based on the obtained results it is visible that the tensile strength (617 MPa) and yield strength (415 MPa) have the highest value at the room temperature while at the temperature of 700 °C (973 K) these values significantly decrease. This steel can be considered resistant to creep at 400 °C (673 K), but at higher temperatures this steel can be subjected to low levels of stress in a shorter time.
A Hybrid Nature-Inspired Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Uncapacitated Examination Timetabling Problems
Authors: Bolaji Asaju La’aro , Khader Ahamad Tajudin , Al-Betar Mohammed Azmi , Awadallah Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article presents a Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony (HABC) for uncapacitated examination timetabling. The ABC algorithm is a recent metaheuristic population-based algorithm that belongs to the Swarm Intelligence technique. Examination timetabling is a hard combinatorial optimization problem of assigning examinations to timeslots based on the given hard and soft constraints. The proposed hybridization comes in two phases: the first phase hybridized a simple local search technique as a local refinement process within the employed bee operator of the original ABC, while the second phase involves the replacement of the scout bee operator with the random consideration concept of harmony search algorithm. The former is to empower the exploitation capability of ABC, whereas the latter is used to control the diversity of the solution search space. The HABC is evaluated using a benchmark dataset defined by Carter, including 12 problem instances. The results show that the HABC is better than exiting ABC techniques and competes well with other techniques from the literature.
High biomass yielding winter cover crops can improve phosphorus availability in soil
Authors: Dube Ernest , Chiduza Cornelius , Muchaonyerwa Pardon 
Published: March 2014

We investigated the effects of high biomass yielding winter cover crops, namely grazing vetch (
Vicia
dasycarpa
L.) and oats (
Avena sativa
L.), on soil phosphorus (P) availability in low fertiliser input maize-based
conservation agriculture systems. Soil samples were collected from the 0–50-mm depth of experimental
plots after 4 years of maize–winter cover crop rotations. A sequential fractionation scheme was used to
separate total soil P into labile, moderately labile and non-labile organic P (P
o
) and inorganic (P
i
) pools.
Labile P pools included microbial biomass-P as well as P
i
and P
o
pools extracted using 0.5 M NaHCO
3
and
1.0 M HCl. The non-labile P pools were humic-P and 1.0 M H
2
SO
4
extracted P. Soil on the maize–winter cover
crop rotations had higher HCl-P
i
and total P than the soil on the maize–fallow rotation. The cover crops had
no significant (
p
>0.05) effect on NaHCO
3
-P
o
, NaHCO
3
-P
i
, HCl-P
o
, fulvic acid-P and recalcitrant H
2
SO
4
-P
fractions. Non-application of fertiliser increased accumulation of humic-P on the maize–oats rotation. Cover
crop biomass input explained 73% of the variations in microbial biomass-P and 33% of variations in total
labile P. Phosphorus concentration of young maize plants was significantly increased by the cover crops,
with a positive correlation to HCl-P
i
(
r
s
=0.90). This contribution from winter cover crops to P availability in
the surface soil suggests that, in the long term, fertiliser P could be reduced in such systems.
Assessment of atmospheric trace metals in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa
Authors: Van Zyl Pieter G. , Beukes Johan P. , Du Toit Grizelda , Mabaso Desmond , Hendriks Johan , Vakkari Ville , Tiitta Petri , Pienaar Jacobus J. , Kulmala Markku , Laakso Lauri 
Published: March 2014

Trace metal species emitted into the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources can cause various
health-related and environmental problems. Limited data exist for atmospheric trace metal concentrations in
South Africa, which has the largest industrialised economy in Africa, with significant mining and metallurgical
activities. A large fraction of these mineral assets is concentrated in the Bushveld Igneous Complex, with the
western limb being the most exploited. To partially address this knowledge gap, atmospheric trace metals
were collected in the western Bushveld Igneous Complex at Marikana in the North West Province. Diurnal
PM
2.5
and PM
10
samples were collected for 1 year. A total of 27 trace metal species were determined.
With the exception of Ni, none of the trace metals measured during the sampling period exceeded local or
international air quality standard limit values. Total trace metal concentrations in the PM
10
fraction peaked
during the dry months and were regularly washed out during the wet season. A less significant seasonal
trend was observed for the trace metal concentrations in the PM
2.5
fraction; a finding attributed to a faster
replenishment of smaller particles into the atmosphere after rain events. About 80% of the PM
10
trace metal
levels measured occurred in the PM
2.5
fraction, while 40% or more of all metals emanated from the PM
2.5
fraction. This finding indicated a strong influence of anthropogenic sources. Four meaningful emission
sources were determined from explorative principal component factor analysis: crustal, vanadium related,
base metal related and ferrochromium related, which correlated well with the anticipated atmospheric trace
metal sources in the region.
Narratives from call shop users: Emotional performance of velocity
Authors: Belli Simone , Harré Rom , Iñiguez Lupicinio 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the debate on emotions has been influenced by postconstructionist research, particularly the use of performativity as a key concept. According to Judith Butler (1993, 1997) the construction of emotions is a process open to constant change and redefinition. The final result of emotionlanguage “natural” development is what is known as technoscience. New ways of naming emotions have emerged within technoscience. In our research on the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by cyber-café and call shop users, we came to understand how these technologies are significant in those users’ daily life. The emphasis will be on analyzing emotions related to the use of ICT in the aforementioned settings. Using the concept of performance (Butler, 1990), we will explore how narratives create a need for particular emotions, which did not exist before they were performed. To understand this performance, we use an ad hoc tool called Membership Categorization Analysis (MCA) as it is used by the Manchester School. Analysis has revealed the existence of a membership category in which velocity is salient as performance. This ‘velocity’ seems to follow the evolution of technoscience in the social sciences. We will observe velocity in the context created by two concepts, Donna Haraway’s (1990) cyborg and Alessandro Baricco’s (2007) mutant.
Globalization, nationalism and Europe: The need for trans-national perspectives in education
Authors: Šíp Radim 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The article is divided into five parts that take readers through a historical and sociological analysis of the birth of European nationalism and concludes by emphasizing the need to overcome nationalism. In the first three parts, the author provides readers with detailed arguments on the historical background of nationalism. These show that the ideas of nationalism provided modern society with an important type of social bond. However, the article also focuses on why this type of social bond became the source of serious trouble in central Europe. It has produced many disastrous events, such as wars, the holocaust, and ethnic-cleansing. Moreover, it has brought about a style of thinking that is too rigid and out of date in our globalizing world. The fourth part shows that nationalism operates through nationalist identity-myths. In the final part of the article, the author demonstrates how this new type of nationalism type has influenced the philosophy of education, teaching and national curricula and suggests a few maxims that should govern the transition from nationalist to trans-nationalist perspectives (not only) in education.
Poverty and freedom
Authors: Graf Gunter , Schweiger Gottfried 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The capability approach, which is closely connected to the works of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum, is one possible theoretical framework that could be used to answer the question as to why poverty is a problem from a moral point of view. In this paper we will focus on the normative philosophical capability approach rather than the social scientific and descriptive perspective. We will show that the approach characterizes poverty mainly as a limitation of freedom and that it is precisely this aspect, from its point of view, that makes poverty morally significant. This insight shifts the discussion away from questions regarding specific capabilities or lists of them-questions treated extensively in the literature-to the more general level of what constitutes the normative core of the capability approach. But as we will also discuss and argue, the role of freedom alone does not give us a complete picture of poverty but only presents us with one aspect relevant to evaluating it. A further aspect which we consider has not been adequately recognized and taken into account by most capability theorists is the experience of disrespect and humiliation, or to put it differently, a lack of recognition.