bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of stressors and coping mechanisms used by radiation therapists and oncology nurses: Resilience in Cancer Care Study
Authors: Poulsen Michael G. , Poulsen Anne A. , Baumann Kathryn C. , McQuitty Simon , Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntroductionOccupational stress and burnout are well‐recognised experiences reported by cancer care workers. The aim was to describe the frequency and severity of potential stressors as well as the effectiveness of coping skills of radiation therapists (RTs) and oncology nurses (ONs), which make up the two largest occupational groups in cancer care.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to RTs and ONs in two large tertiary hospitals in Queensland. Descriptive data regarding severity of potential stressors at home and work as well as the perceived effectiveness of preferred coping styles for each stressor was compared for each professional group. Respondents were asked questions about their personal circumstances and to also complete five standardised questionnaires measuring resilience, mental well‐being, depression, anxiety and burnout.ResultsThere were 71 respondents representing a response rate of 26%. The types of stressors differed between the two groups but both reported that heavy workload was the most severe workplace stressor. RTs reported higher stressor and coping strategy frequency than ONs. There were no identifiable differences between RTs and ONs in the types or effectiveness of coping strategies employed at home or work. Mental well‐being for both groups was inversely correlated with depression, anxiety and burnout and positively correlated with resilience.ConclusionsRTs experienced higher mean scores for stressors and coping than ONs. There were no significant between‐group differences for anxiety, depression, burnout, mental well‐being or resilience.
Study on frequency selective characteristics of the microstructure metallic grating in terahertz frequency range based on the hybrid implicit explicit‐pseudospectral time domain method
Authors: Chen Juan , Wei Li , Zhang Anxue , Li Jianjun 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this paper, a hybrid implicit explicit‐pseudospectral time domain method is presented to simulate the microstructure metallic grating. The time step size in this method has no relation with the fine spatial discretization, and the spatial discretization along the electrically large direction only needs two cells per wavelength. The three‐dimensional formulas of the method are presented, and the time stability condition of the method is demonstrated. Numerical results show that the memory requirement of the hybrid implicit explicit‐pseudospectral time domain method is reduced by 50% compared with the finite difference time domain method and the computation time is almost 1/40 of that of the finite difference time domain method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An exploration of branding approaches in UK universities
Authors: Chapleo Chris 
Published: December 2014

This exploratory paper considers the current state of UK HE branding, in particular, conceptualisations and approaches. It is driven by calls in the literature for clearer understanding and application of branding in Higher Education (HE).Objectives of the research, drawn from literature, were to explore conceptualisations of branding in the UK HE sector, as well as current challenges to branding concepts/ practice in UK HE. The methodology was based upon depth interviews with fifteen opinion leaders and opinion formers, specifically Heads of Marketing or External Relations in UK HE. Findings suggest that branding is a key issue for UK universities, but an overall conceptual model for brands in the HE sector remains challenging, although parallels with corporate branding are drawn. However, simplistic adoption of corporate branding does not offer a clear solution, and the requirement for a conceptual framework particular to the sector is evident. In exploring conceptual frameworks, experiential branding and internal branding are discussed as possible approaches that may offer a route for differentiation that universities seek. Whilst developing a clear conceptual model is the key challenge identified, limited and variable understanding of the branding concept and limited genuine differentiation around which to build a brand were also notable challenges. Overall, significant branding opportunities and challenges in a changing sector are discussed. Conclusions argue that corporate branding, experiential branding and internal branding literature all have a degree of applicability, but clearly further empirical work is needed to advance this important field.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fe3O4 nanoparticle redox system modulation via cell‐cycle progression and gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Periasamy Vaiyapuri S. , Athinarayanan Jegan , Alhazmi Mohammad , Alatiah Khalid A. , Alshatwi Ali A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) across multiple fields and applications has rapidly increased over the last decade owing to their unusual properties. However, there is an increased need in understanding their toxicological effect on human health. Particularly, iron oxide (Fe3O4) have been used in various sectors, including biomedical, food, and agriculture, but the current understanding of their impact on human health is inadequate. In this investigation, we assessed the toxic effect of Fe3O4 NPs on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) adopting cell viability, cellular morphological changes, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and cell‐cycle progression assessment methodologies. Furthermore, the expression of oxidative stress, cell death, and cell‐cycle regulatory genes was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The Fe3O4 NPs induced cytotoxicity and nuclear morphological changes in hMSCs by dose and time exposure. Cell‐cycle analysis indicated that Fe3O4 NPs altered the cell‐cycle progression through a decrease in the proportion of cells in the G0–G1 phase. The hMSC mitochondrial membrane potential loss increased with an increase in the concentration of Fe3O4 NPs exposure. The observed expression levels of the CYP1A, TNF3, TNFSF10, E2F1, and CCNC genes were significantly upregulated in hMSCs in response to Fe3O4 NPs exposure. Our findings suggest that Fe3O4 NPs caused metabolic stress through altered cell cycle, oxidative stress, and cell death regulatory gene expression in hMSCs. The results of this investigation revealed that Fe3O4 NPs exhibited moderate toxicity on hMSCs and that Fe3O4 NPs may have biomedical applications at low concentrations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 901–912, 2016.
Talking shit: is Community‐Led Total Sanitation a radical and revolutionary approach to sanitation?
Authors: Galvin Mary 
Published: December 2014

Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is a new approach to sanitation that has been widely adopted by international and national development organizations and national governments and implemented in 56 countries in the global South. Using participatory methods, it forces primarily rural communities to recognize that their practice of open defecation causes sickness and disease in their area and ‘triggers’ them to take action, ensuring that every household builds at least a pit latrine so that the community becomes open defecation free (ODF). In contrast to past approaches, one of its main tenets is strictly no subsidies of finance or materials. In the absence of monitoring and evaluation systems, it is not clear whether its immediate achievements are sustainable. In addition to questioning its sustainability, it is essential to examine CLTS through the analytical lens of power dynamics and human rights. While there is a rich practitioner‐focused literature, there are few critical studies of this nature. Drawing on literature from a range of disciplines, this article deliberates how CLTS can be understood in terms of the concepts of rights, agents, and community. It questions whether, in the case of conflicting rights, the communal right to sanitation may justify compromising an individual's right to dignity. It also asks how we balance the right to dignity against the socioeconomic right to sanitation. Finally it questions the community led nature of CLTS, and suggests that external agents retain a level of responsibility for responding to any human rights infringements. WIREs Water 2015, 2:9–20. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1055This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation
Human Water > Water as Imagined and Represented
Perceived physical appearance and life satisfaction: A moderated mediation model of self‐esteem and life experience of deaf and hearing adolescents
Authors: Lu Aitao , Hong Xiuxiu , Yu Yanping , Ling Hong , Tian Haiping , Yu Zuwei , Chang Lei 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the relationship between perceived physical appearance and life satisfaction, and the role of self‐esteem as mediator and life experience as moderator of the relationship in deaf and hearing adolescents. 118 Chinese deaf adolescents (55.1% male; mean age = 15.12 years, standard deviation [SD] = 2.13) from 5 special education schools and 132 Chinese hearing adolescents (53.8% male; mean age = 13.11 years, SD = .85) completed anonymous questionnaires regarding perceived physical appearance, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction. Perceived physical appearance, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction were significantly and positively associated with each other. Moreover, self‐esteem partially mediated the relationship between perceived physical appearance and life satisfaction; however, this indirect link was weaker for deaf adolescents than it was for hearing adolescents. Implications of the findings and future research directions are discussed, as are potential interventions that can be applied to increase subjective well‐being in deaf adolescents.
Neoadjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization does not provide survival benefit compared to curative therapy alone in single hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Huang Chung‐Feng , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Huang Jee‐Fu , Dai Chia‐Yen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Yu Ming‐Lung , Chuang Wan‐Long 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe role of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) prior to curative therapy is still unclear. The aim of our study was to elucidate the survival of single hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and also to clarify whether TACE plus sequential curative therapy provides benefits in single HCC. A total of 470 patients with a diagnosis of single HCC between 2005 and 2010 were studied. The factors associated with clinical outcomes were analyzed. The outcomes between patients who underwent neoadjuvant TACE and those who did not were also compared. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of all patients were 92.6%, 73.3%, and 59.6%, respectively. Child‐Pugh class A [HR: 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.277–3.254, p = 0.003], very early stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) (HR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.021–4.025, p = 0.043), tumor size < 5 cm (HR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.115–2.751, p = 0.015), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level < 200 ng/mL (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.346–3.182, p = 0.001), and curative‐based therapy (HR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.442–3.224, p < 0.001) were factors associated with better OS. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rates of all the patients were 75.4%, 53.7%, and 36.3%, respectively. Only Child‐Pugh class A (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.068–2.294, p = 0.022) and curative‐based therapy (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.128–2.028, p = 0.006) were significantly associated with better DFS. Neoadjuvant TACE did not provide benefit compared with curative therapy alone in subgroup analysis. In conclusion, neoadjuvant TACE is not recommended in single HCC patients who may indicate for curative therapy.
Splanchnic-bed transfers of amino acids in sheep blood and plasma, as monitored through use of a multiple U-13C-labelled amino acid mixture
Authors: Lobley G. E. , Connell A. , Revell D. K. , Bequette B. J. , Brown D. S. , Calder A. G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe response in whole-body and splanchnic tissue mass and isotope amino acid transfers in both plasma and blood has been studied in sheep offered 800 g lucerne (Medicago sutiva) pellets/d. Amino acid mass transfers were quantified over a 4 h period,by arterio-venous procedures, across the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver on day 5 of an intravenous infusion of either vehicle or the methylated products, choline (0.5 g/d) plus creatine (10 g/d). Isotopic movements were monitored over the same period during a 10 h infusion of a mixture of U-13C-labelled amino acids obtained from hydrolysis of labelled algal cells. Sixteen amino acids were monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with thirteen of these analysed within a single chromatographic analysis. Except for methionine, which is discussed in a previous paper, no significant effects of choline plus creatine infusion were observed on any of the variables reported. Whole-body protein irreversible-loss rates ranged from 158 to 245 g/d for the essential amino acids, based on the relative enrichments (dilution of the U-13C molecules by those unlabelled) of free amino acids in arterial plasma, and 206-519 g/d, when blood free amino acid relative enrichments were used for the calculations. Closer agreement was obtained between lysine, threonine, phenylalanine and the branched-chain amino acids. Plasma relative enrichments always exceeded those in blood (P < 0.001), possibly due to hydrolysis of peptides or degradation of protein within the erythrocyte or slow equilibration between plasma and the erythrocyte. Net absorbed amino acids across the PDV were carried predominantly in the plasma. Little evidence was obtained of any major and general involvement of the erythrocytes in the transport of free amino acids from the liver. Net isotope movements also supported these findings. Estimates of protein synthesis rates across the PDV tissues from [U-13C] leucine kinetics showed good agreement with previous values obtained with single-labelled leucine. Variable rates were obtained between the essential amino acids, probably due to different intracellular dilutions. Isotope dilution across the liver was small and could be attributed predominantly to uni-directional transfer from extracellular sources into the hepatocytes and this probably dominates the turnover of the intracellular hepatic amino acid pools.
A Comparison Between National Healthcare Safety Network Laboratory-Identified Event Reporting versus Traditional Surveillance for Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Durkin Michael J. , Baker Arthur W. , Dicks Kristen V. , Lewis Sarah S. , Chen Luke F. , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. , Moehring Rebekah W. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVEHospitals in the National Healthcare Safety Network began reporting laboratory-identified (LabID) Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) events in January 2013. Our study quantified the differences between the LabID and traditional surveillance methods.DESIGNCohort study.SETTINGA cohort of 29 community hospitals in the southeastern United States.METHODSA period of 6 months (January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2013) of prospectively collected data using both LabID and traditional surveillance definitions were analyzed. CDI events with mismatched surveillance categories between LabID and traditional definitions were identified and characterized further. Hospital-onset CDI (HO-CDI) rates for the entire cohort of hospitals were calculated using each method, then hospital-specific HO-CDI rates and standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Hospital rankings based on each CDI surveillance measure were compared.RESULTSA total of 1,252 incident LabID CDI events were identified during 708,551 patient-days; 286 (23%) mismatched CDI events were detected. The overall HO-CDI rate was 6.0 vs 4.4 per 10,000 patient-days for LabID and traditional surveillance, respectively (P<.001); of 29 hospitals, 25 (86%) detected a higher CDI rate using LabID compared with the traditional method. Hospital rank in the cohort differed greatly between surveillance measures. A rank change of at least 5 places occurred in 9 of 28 hospitals (32%) between LabID and traditional CDI surveillance methods, and for SIR.CONCLUSIONSLabID surveillance resulted in a higher hospital-onset CDI incidence rate than did traditional surveillance. Hospital-specific rankings varied based on the HO-CDI surveillance measure used. A clear understanding of differences in CDI surveillance measures is important when interpreting national and local CDI data.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–7
High-frequency viscosity of a dilute suspension of elongated particles in a linear shear flow between two walls
Authors: Feuillebois François , Ekiel-Jeżewska Maria L. , Wajnryb Eligiusz , Sellier Antoine , Bławzdziewicz Jerzy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA general expression for the effective viscosity of a dilute suspension of arbitrary-shaped particles in linear shear flow between two parallel walls is derived in terms of the induced stresslets on particles. This formula is applied to $N$-bead rods and to prolate spheroids with the same length, aspect ratio and volume. The effective viscosity of non-Brownian particles in a periodic shear flow is considered here. The oscillating frequency is high enough for the particle orientation and centre-of-mass distribution to be practically frozen, yet small enough for the flow to be quasi-steady. It is known that for spheres, the intrinsic viscosity $[{\it\mu}]$ increases monotonically when the distance $H$ between the walls is decreased. The dependence is more complex for both types of elongated particles. Three regimes are theoretically predicted here: (i) a ‘weakly confined’ regime (for $H>l$, where $l$ is the particle length), where $[{\it\mu}]$ is slightly larger for smaller $H$; (ii) a ‘semi-confined’ regime, when $H$ becomes smaller than $l$, where $[{\it\mu}]$ rapidly decreases since the geometric constraints eliminate particle orientations corresponding to the largest stresslets; (iii) a ‘strongly confined’ regime when $H$ becomes smaller than 2–3 particle widths $d$, where $[{\it\mu}]$ rapidly increases owing to the strong hydrodynamic coupling with the walls. In addition, for sufficiently slender particles (with aspect ratio larger than 5–6) there is a domain of narrow gaps for which the intrinsic viscosity is smaller than that in unbounded fluid.
Flows produced by the combined oscillatory rotation and translation of a circular cylinder in a quiescent fluid
Authors: Koehler Christopher , Beran Philip , Vanella Marcos , Balaras Elias 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFlows produced by a circular cylinder undergoing oscillatory rotation and translation in a quiescent fluid have been studied via direct numerical simulations. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations were solved for large dimensionless time windows using an immersed boundary method with adaptive Cartesian grid refinement. Parametric studies were conducted in two dimensions on the Reynolds number, Keulegan–Carpenter number and phase shift. In addition to the previously reported net thrust case (Blackburn et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 11, 1999, pp. 4–6), the study catalogued the appearance of several streaming jet regimes with varying deflection angles, deflected and horizontal vortex shedding regimes, and a double mirrored jet regime with varying inter-jet angles, as well as several chaotic cases. Visualizations are presented to clarify each observed flow regime and to illustrate the parameter space. Connections are drawn between these canonical bluff-body deflected wakes and a similar phenomenon observed in aerofoils oscillating at high reduced frequencies in a cross-flow. Also, the discovery of the streaming jet regimes with varying deflection angles opens the door for using these flows as a low-Reynolds-number propulsive mechanism requiring only a two-degree-of-freedom actuator. Simulation results suggest that the flow phenomena observed in two dimensions persist in three dimensions, despite spanwise fluctuations.
Thin-film flow in helically-wound rectangular channels of arbitrary torsion and curvature
Authors: Arnold D. J. , Stokes Y. M. , Green J. E. F. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLaminar helically-symmetric gravity-driven thin-film flow down a helically-wound channel of rectangular cross-section is considered. We extend the work of Stokes et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 25 (8), 2013, 083103) and Lee et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 26 (4), 2014, 043302) to channels with arbitrary curvature and torsion or, equivalently, arbitrary curvature and slope. We use a non-orthogonal coordinate system and, remarkably, find an exact steady-state solution. We find that the free-surface shape and flow have a complicated dependence on the curvature, slope and flux down the channel. Moderate to large channel slope has a significant effect on the flow in the region of the channel near the inside wall, particularly when the curvature of the channel is large. This work has application to flow in static spiral particle separators used in mineral processing.
Recalibrating the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W4 Filter
Authors: Brown M. J. I. , Jarrett T. H. , Cluver M. E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a revised effective wavelength and photometric calibration for the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W4 band, including tests of empirically motivated modifications to its pre-launch laboratory-measured relative system response curve. We derived these by comparing measured W4 photometry with photometry synthesised from spectra of galaxies and planetary nebulae. The difference between measured and synthesised photometry using the pre-launch laboratory-measured W4 relative system response can be as large as 0.3 mag for galaxies and 1 mag for planetary nebulae. We find the W4 effective wavelength should be revised upward by 3.3%, from 22.1 to 22.8 μm, and the W4 AB magnitude of Vega should be revised from mW4 = 6.59 to mW4 = 6.66. In an attempt to reproduce the observed W4 photometry, we tested three modifications to the pre-launch laboratory-measured W4 relative system response curve, all of which have an effective wavelength of 22.8 μm. Of the three relative system response curve models tested, a model that matches the laboratory-measured relative system response curve, but has the wavelengths increased by 3.3% (or ≃ 0.73 μm) achieves reasonable agreement between the measured and synthesised photometry.
MAXIMAL HARDY SPACES ASSOCIATED TO NONNEGATIVE SELF-ADJOINT OPERATORS
Authors: HU GUORONG 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLet $(X,d,{\it\mu})$ be a metric measure space satisfying the doubling, reverse doubling and noncollapsing conditions. Let $\mathscr{L}$ be a nonnegative self-adjoint operator on $L^{2}(X,d{\it\mu})$ satisfying a pointwise Gaussian upper bound estimate and Hölder continuity for its heat kernel. In this paper, we introduce the Hardy spaces $H_{\mathscr{L}}^{p}(X)$, $0<p\leq 1$, associated to $\mathscr{L}$ in terms of grand maximal functions and show that these spaces are equivalently characterised by radial and nontangential maximal functions.