bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In VitroandIn VivoFlavor Release from Intact and Fresh‐Cut Apple in Relation with Genetic, Textural, and Physicochemical Parameters
Authors: J.L. Ting Valentina , Soukoulis Christos , Silcock Patrick , Cappellin Luca , Romano Andrea , Aprea Eugenio , Bremer Phil J. , Märk Tilmann D. , Gasperi Flavia , Biasioli Franco 
Published: October 2012

Abstract: Flavor release from 6 commercial apple cultivars (Fuji, Granny Smith, Golden Delicious, Jonagold, Morgen Dallago, and Red Delicious) under static conditions (intact or fresh‐cut samples) and during consumption of fresh‐cut samples (nosespace) was determined by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. Textural (firmness, fracturability, flesh elasticity, and rupture) and physicochemical (pH, acidity, and water content) properties of the apples were also measured. Static headspace analysis of intact fruits revealed Fuji and Granny Smith apples had the lowest concentration for all measured flavor compounds (esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and terpenes), whereas Red Delicious apples had the highest. Fresh‐cut samples generally showed a significant increase in total volatile compounds with acetaldehyde being most abundant. However, compared to intact fruits, cut Golden and Red Delicious apples had a lower intensity for ester related peaks. Five parameters were extracted from the nosespace data of peaks related to esters (m/z43, 61), acetaldehyde (m/z45), and ethanol (m/z47): 2 associated with mastication (duration of mastication–tcon; time required for first swallowing event–tswal), and 3 related with in‐nose volatile compound concentration (area under the curve–AUC; maximum intensity–Imax; time for achievingImax–tmax). Three different behaviors were identified in the nosespace data: a) firm samples with low AUC andtswalvalues (Granny Smith, Fuji), b) mealy samples with high AUC,Imax,tswalvalues, and lowtcon(Morgen Dallago, Golden Delicious), and c) firm samples with high AUC andImaxvalues (Red Delicious). Strengths and limitations of the methodology are discussed.Practical Application: Volatile compounds play a fundamental role in the perceived quality of food. Using apple cultivars, this research showed thatin vivoproton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) could be used to determine the relationship between the release of volatile flavor compounds and the physicochemical parameters of a real food matrix. This finding suggests thatin vivoPTR‐MS coupled with traditional physicochemical measurements could be used to yield information on flavor release from a wide range of food matrices and help in the development of strategies to enhance food flavor and quality.
Treebase: an R package for discovery, access and manipulation of online phylogenies
Authors: Boettiger Carl , Temple Lang Duncan 
Published: October 2012

Summary

The TreeBASE portal is an important and rapidly growing repository of phylogenetic data. The R statistical environment has also become a primary tool for applied phylogenetic analyses across a range of questions, from comparative evolution to community ecology to conservation planning.

We have developed treebase, an open‐source software package (freely available from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/treebase) for the R programming environment, providing simplified, programmatic and interactive access to phylogenetic data in the TreeBASE repository.

We illustrate how this package creates a bridge between the TreeBASE repository and the rapidly growing collection of R packages for phylogenetics that can reduce barriers to discovery and integration across phylogenetic research.

We show how the treebase package can be used to facilitate replication of previous studies and testing of methods and hypotheses across a large sample of phylogenies, which may help make such important reproducibility practices more common.
A Quality Improvement Project to Decrease the Length of Stay on a Psychiatric Adolescent Partial Hospital Program
Authors: Memel Brenda 
Published: October 2012

ProblemClinicians are challenged to treat adolescents with life‐threatening behaviors while accessing fewer mental health resources with increased utilization management pressures.MethodsDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training groups were implemented as a quality improvement project to decrease the length of stay on an adolescent psychiatric partial hospital program by reducing potential life‐threatening behaviors.FindingsThe average length of stay decreased nearly 5 days during the project. Potential life‐threatening urges seemed to increase from pretreatment findings while life‐threatening actions appeared to decrease.ConclusionsWhile the findings were inconclusive regarding the actual effect on life‐threatening urges and behaviors, dialectical behavior therapy skills training groups may have positive outcomes on an adolescent psychiatric partial hospital program.
School‐Wide Staff and Faculty Training in Suicide Risk Awareness: Successes and Challenges
Authors: Walsh Elaine , Hooven Carole , Kronick Barbara 
Published: October 2012

ProblemRates of youth suicide and suicidal behavior remain high despite prevention efforts. Training high school personnel as gatekeepers is an important strategy.MethodsTraining was implemented in a school district's five comprehensive high schools. Surveys were conducted before and after training sessions, which targeted all adults working at the high school. Two hundred thirty‐seven individuals completed the pretest and/or posttest.FindingsParticipants reported gains in knowledge, confidence, and feelings of competence in recognizing, approaching, and connecting distressed youth to school‐based resources. Training was well received.ConclusionTraining is acceptable and appropriate for school personnel. Increasing the number of school personnel who participate in the training is challenging.
The lethal and sublethal effects of three pesticides on the striped lynx spider (Oxyopes salticus Hentz)
Authors: Hanna C. , Hanna C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe striped lynx spider, Oxyopes salticus Hentz, is found in high abundances in agricultural fields where it forages on many agricultural pests. Pesticides are applied to these fields and can therefore impact these natural pest predators. Researchers have examined the effects of a number of pesticides on this spider and other pest predators, but many of these studies only examine how these pesticides affect mortality. More recently, researchers have begun to examine the sublethal effects of these chemicals. We examined both the lethal and sublethal effects of three common pesticides with the active ingredients bifenthrin, carbaryl and malathion. We found that only malathion significantly reduced the post‐exposure lifespan of these spiders; however, each pesticide had sublethal effects on behaviour. Exposure to malathion reduced jumping, likely an important foraging and escape behaviour. Spiders exposed to bifenthrin spent increased time grooming, which can reduce the time spent performing other important behaviours. Finally, spiders that were exposed to carbaryl surprisingly increased their prey capture rate. We show here that pesticides can not only directly affect the lifespan of the striped lynx spider but that each pesticide can cause different sublethal effects that likely impact the survival and ecology of these important pest predators.
Chemical Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Two Aromatic Herbs (Santolina chamaecyparissus and Sideritis angustifolia) Widely Used in the Folk Medicine
Authors: Ruiz‐Navajas Yolanda , Viuda‐Martos Manuel , Perez‐Alvarez Jose Angel , Sendra Esther , Fernández‐López Juana 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work was characterize the essentials oils (EOs) obtained from Santolina chamaecyparissus and Sideritis angustifolia determining (1) its chemical composition and (2) its effectiveness on the growth of some bacteria related to food spoilage, such as Listeria innocua, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas fragi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Shewanella putrefaciens, Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter denitrificans, Enterobacter amnigenus, Enterobacter gergoviae and Leuconostoc carnosum. The EOs were chemically analyzed and identified by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while the agar disc diffusion method was used to determine their antibacterial activities. The concentration effect was also determined. In S. chamaecyparissus, the major constituents were artemisia ketone (27.19%), dihydroaromadendrene (18.21%) and β‐phellandrene (7.49%), while in S. angustifolia EO, the major constituent is α‐pinene (12.71%). Another important compound was β‐phellandrene (11.97%). The agar disc diffusion method indicated that S. chamaecyparissus EO showed the highest antibacterial activity against the L. innocua and A. hydrophila, with inhibition zones of 12.70 and 16.50 mm, respectively. S. angustifolia EO showed the highest antibacterial activity against A. faecalis, S. marcescens and A. denitrificans. S. chamaecyparissus and S. angustifolia EOs can be used as antibacterial agents.Practical ApplicationsThe research on plant‐based natural bioactive compounds to control the foodborne and spoilage pathogens has attained special interest in the recent years. The use of essential oils of Santolina chamaecyparissus and Sideritis angustifolia as antibacterial agents will be suitable for applications on the food industry as natural preservatives or flavoring to control foodborne pathogens. Another important reason for their suitability is their natural origin, which consumers find comforting.
Mass spectrometric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid biomarkers can predict periodontal disease progression
Authors: Ngo L. H. , Darby I. B. , Veith P. D. , Locke A. G. , Reynolds E. C. 
Published: October 2012

Background and ObjectiveGingival crevicular fluid has been suggested as a possible source of biomarkers for periodontal disease progression. This paper describes a technique for the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid from individual sites using mass spectrometry. It explores the novel use of mass spectrometry to examine the relationship between the relative amounts of proteins and peptides in gingival crevicular fluid and their relationship with clinical indices and periodontal attachment loss in periodontal maintenance patients. The aim of this paper was to assess whether the mass spectrometric analysis of gingival crevicular fluid may allow for the site‐specific prediction of periodontal disease progression.Material and MethodsForty‐one periodontal maintenance subjects were followed over 12 mo, with clinical measurements taken at baseline and every 3 mo thereafter. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from subjects at each visit and was analysed using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. Samples were classified based upon pocket depth, modified gingival index (MGI), plaque index and attachment loss, and were analysed within these groups. A genetic algorithm was used to create a model based on pattern analysis to predict sites undergoing attachment loss.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐five gingival crevicular fluid samples were analysed. Twenty‐five sites under observation in 14 patients exhibited attachment loss of > 2 mm over the 12‐mo period. The clinical indices pocket depth, MGI, plaque levels and bleeding on probing served as poor discriminators of gingival crevicular fluid mass spectra. Models generated from the gingival crevicular fluid mass spectra could predict attachment loss at a site with a high specificity (97% recognition capability and 67% cross‐validation).ConclusionsGingival crevicular fluid mass spectra could be used to predict sites with attachment loss. The use of algorithm‐generated models based on gingival crevicular fluid mass spectra may provide utility in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.
Early on‐treatment change in liver stiffness predicts development of liver‐related events in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy
Authors: Kim Beom K. , Oh Hyun J. , Park Jun Y. , Kim Do Y. , Ahn Sang H. , Han Kwang H. , Park Yehyun , J. Yoo Eun , Park Young N. , Kim Seung U. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgrounds/AimsMonitoring fibrosis is mandatory for detailed prognostification in patients with chronic liver disease. We developed optimized cut‐offs for liver stiffness (LS) values, based on the histological subclassification of cirrhosis, and investigated whether early on‐treatment changes in LS values can predict long‐term prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related advanced liver fibrosis receiving antiviral therapy.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2008, 103 patients with F3 or F4 fibrosis on liver biopsy were enrolled prospectively. Cirrhosis was subclassified into three groups (F4A, F4B and F4C) according to Laennec system. The primary end‐point was occurrence of liver‐related event (LRE), including decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver‐related death.ResultsSuggested LS cut‐offs for predicting F4B‐FC (vs. F3‐F4A) and F4C (vs. F3‐F4B) were 11.6 and 18.2 kPa respectively. As proportions of patients with LRE occurrence increased according to histological subclassifications stage F3‐4A vs. F4B‐4C (7.4% vs. 17.1%) and stage F3‐4B vs. F4C (13.8% vs. 18.8%), they also increased according to LS cut‐off value of 11.6 kPa (5.9% vs. 23.1%) and 18.2 kPa (9.8% vs. 33.3%) respectively (all P < 0.05). Similarly, according to stratified LS values (<11.6, 11.6–18.2 and ≥18.2 kPa), overall incidence of LREs and each constituent event increased significantly (all P < 0.05). In addition, the observed changes in LS values between baseline and 6 months of follow‐up showed significant correlations with LRE development.ConclusionsStratified LS values based on Laennec system and dynamic changes in LS values on follow‐up may be helpful in assessing risk of LREs in subjects with HBV‐related advanced liver fibrosis receiving antiviral therapy.
Building capacity in palliative care for personal support workers in long‐term care through experiential learning
Authors: Kaasalainen Sharon , Brazil Kevin , Kelley Mary L. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundProviding palliative care in long‐term care (LTC) homes is an area of growing importance. As a result, attention is being given to exploring effective palliative care learning strategies for personal support workers (PSWs) who provide the most hands‐on care to LTC residents.AimThe purpose of this intervention was to explore hospice visits as an experiential learning strategy to increase the capacity of PSWs in palliative care, specifically related to their new learning, and how they anticipated this experience changed their practices in LTC.DesignThis study utilised a qualitative descriptive design.MethodsEleven PSWs from four Ontario LTC homes were sent to their local hospice to shadow staff for one to two days. After the visit, PSWs completed a questionnaire with open‐ended questions based on critical reflection. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsPSWs commented on the extent of resident‐focused care at the hospice and how palliative care interventions were tailored to meet the needs of residents. PSWs were surprised with the lack of routine at the hospice but felt that hospice staff prioritised their time effectively in order to meet family and client care needs. Some PSWs were pleased to see how well integrated the PSW role is on the community hospice team without any hierarchical relationships. Finally, PSWs felt that other LTC staff would benefit from palliative care education and becoming more comfortable with talking about death and dying with other staff, residents and family members.ConclusionThis study highlighted the benefits of PSWs attending a hospice as an experiential learning strategy. Future work is needed to evaluate this strategy using more rigorous designs as a way to build capacity within PSWs to provide optimal palliative care for LTC residents and their family members.Implications for practicePSWs need to be recognised as important members within the interdisciplinary team. PSWs who shadow staff at hospices view this experience as a positive strategy to meet their learning needs related to palliative care.
Educational Inequalities and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. A Cross‐Sectional Population‐Based Study in Southern Spain
Authors: Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Mancera‐Romero José , Bernal‐Lopez Rosa , Martos‐Cerezuela Ildefonso , Baca‐Osorio Antonio J. , Moyano‐Paris Maria Teresa , Montiel‐Murillo Juana , Juncosa Flores Perez , Perez Rosa Sanchez , Tinahones Francisco J. , Gomez‐Huelgas Ricardo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and distribution of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors focused on educational level differences, in an adult population in Southern Spain.Design and SampleCross‐sectional population‐based study. Random sample from the adult population assigned to a Primary Health Care Centre in Málaga (Southern Spain), which attends 38,625 inhabitants.MeasuresLevel of education, physical activity, blood pressure, waist perimeter, body mass index, lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, among others, were assessed.ResultsFinal sample included 2,270 subjects with a mean age of 43.65 (SD: 16.65), 49.74% male and 50.26% female. 57.6% had none or only primary studies. Overweight was present in 55.8%, smokers were 27.6% and sedentary people 51.9%. Once adjusted by sex and age, all modifiable factors were lower in people with higher education. The highest risks were sedentarism (OR 1.95; 95% CI: 1.16–3.29) and hypertension (OR: 2.07 95% CI: 1.49–2.80) for those with lower education.ConclusionsThere is a clear inverse gradient of cardiovascular risk factors and educational level in the study population. Public health and community nurses should develop strong interventions for this challenge and extend their influence to public policies focused on educational inequalities and health.
Selective recruitment of mRNAs and miRNAs to polyribosomes in response to rhizobia infection in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Reynoso Mauricio Alberto , Blanco Flavio Antonio , Bailey‐Serres Julia , Crespi Martín , Zanetti María Eugenia 
Published: October 2012

SummaryTranslation of mRNAs is a key regulatory step that contributes to the coordination and modulation of eukaryotic gene expression during development or adaptation to the environment. mRNA stability or translatability can be regulated by the action of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), which control diverse biological processes. Under low nitrogen conditions, leguminous plants associate with soil bacteria and develop a new organ specialized in nitrogen fixation: the nodule. To gain insight into the translational regulation of mRNAs during nodule formation, the association of mRNAs and sRNAs to polysomes was characterized in roots of the model legume Medicago truncatula during the symbiotic interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Quantitative comparison of steady‐state and polysomal mRNAs for 15 genes involved in nodulation identified a group of transcripts with slight or no change in total cellular abundance that were significantly upregulated at the level of association with polysomes in response to rhizobia. This group included mRNAs encoding receptors like kinases required either for nodule organogenesis, bacterial infection or both, and transcripts encoding GRAS and NF‐Y transcription factors (TFs). Quantitative analysis of sRNAs in total and polysomal RNA samples revealed that mature microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with the translational machinery, notably, miR169 and miR172, which target the NF‐YA/HAP2 and AP2 TFs, respectively. Upon inoculation, levels of miR169 pronouncedly decreased in polysomal complexes, concomitant with the increased accumulation of the NF‐YA/HAP2 protein. These results indicate that both mRNAs and miRNAs are subject to differential recruitment to polysomes, and expose the importance of selective mRNA translation during root nodule symbiosis.
An AM‐induced, MYB‐family gene of Lotus japonicus (LjMAMI) affects root growth in an AM‐independent manner
Authors: Volpe Veronica , Dell'Aglio Elisa , Giovannetti Marco , Ruberti Cristina , Costa Alex , Genre Andrea , Guether Mike , Bonfante Paola 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe interaction between legumes and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is vital to the development of sustainable plant production systems. Here, we focus on a putative MYB‐like (LjMAMI) transcription factor (TF) previously reported to be highly upregulated in Lotus japonicus mycorrhizal roots. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the protein is related to a group of TFs involved in phosphate (Pi) starvation responses, the expression of which is independent of the Pi level, such as PHR1. GUS transformed plants and quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed strong gene induction in arbusculated cells, as well as the presence of LjMAMI transcripts in lateral root primordia and root meristems, even in the absence of the fungus, and independently of Pi concentration. In agreement with its putative identification as a TF, an eGFP‐LjMAMI chimera was localized to the nuclei of plant protoplasts, whereas in transgenic Lotus roots expressing the eGFP‐LjMAMI fusion protein under the control of the native promoter, the protein was located in the nuclei of the arbusculated cells. Further expression analyses revealed a correlation between LjMAMI and LjPT4, a marker gene for mycorrhizal function. To elucidate the role of the LjMAMI gene in the mycorrhizal process, RNAi and overexpressing root lines were generated. All the lines retained their symbiotic capacity; however, RNAi root lines and composite plants showed an important reduction in root elongation and branching in the absence of the symbiont. The results support the involvement of the AM‐responsive LjMAMI in non‐symbiotic functions: i.e. root growth.
Nontoxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Causing Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Ottaviani Donatella , Leoni Francesca , Serra Roberto , Serracca Laura , Decastelli Lucia , Rocchegiani Elena , Masini Laura , Canonico Cristina , Talevi Giulia , Carraturo Antonio 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

We investigated the virulence properties of four
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
strains causing acute gastroenteritis following consumption of indigenous mussels in Italy. The isolated strains were cytotoxic and adhesive but, surprisingly, lacked
tdh
,
trh
, and type three secretion system 2 (T3SS2) genes. We emphasize that nontoxigenic
V. parahaemolyticus
can induce acute gastroenteritis, highlighting the need for more investigation of the pathogenicity of this microorganism.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Ju Wenting , Cao Guojie , Rump Lydia , Strain Errol , Luo Yan , Timme Ruth , Allard Marc , Zhao Shaohua , Brown Eric , Meng Jianghong 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains are emerging food-borne pathogens causing life-threatening diseases and food-borne outbreaks. A better understanding of their evolution provides a framework for developing tools to control food safety. We obtained 15 genomes of non-O157 STEC strains, including O26, O111, and O103 strains. Phylogenetic trees revealed a close relationship between O26:H11 and O111:H11 and a scattered distribution of O111. We hypothesize that STEC serotypes with the same H antigens might share common ancestors.