bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea-level feedback lowers projections of future Antarctic Ice-Sheet mass loss
Authors: Gomez Natalya , Pollard David , Holland David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe stability of marine sectors of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) in a warming climate has been identified as the largest source of uncertainty in projections of future sea-level rise. Sea-level fall near the grounding line of a retreating marine ice sheet has a stabilizing influence on the ice sheets, and previous studies have established the importance of this feedback on ice age AIS evolution. Here we use a coupled ice sheet–sea-level model to investigate the impact of the feedback mechanism on future AIS retreat over centennial and millennial timescales for a range of emission scenarios. We show that the combination of bedrock uplift and sea-surface drop associated with ice-sheet retreat significantly reduces AIS mass loss relative to a simulation without these effects included. Sensitivity analyses show that the stabilization tends to be greatest for lower emission scenarios and Earth models characterized by a thin elastic lithosphere and low-viscosity upper mantle, as is the case for West Antarctica.
Cerebrospinal fluid-derived circulating tumour DNA better represents the genomic alterations of brain tumours than plasma
Authors: De Mattos-Arruda Leticia , Mayor Regina , Ng Charlotte K. Y. , Weigelt Britta , Martínez-Ricarte Francisco , Torrejon Davis , Oliveira Mafalda , Arias Alexandra , Raventos Carolina , Tang Jiabin , Guerini-Rocco Elena , Martínez-Sáez Elena , Lois Sergio , Marín Oscar , de la Cruz Xavier , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Towers Russel , Vivancos Ana , Peg Vicente , Ramon y Cajal Santiago , Carles Joan , Rodon Jordi , González-Cao María , Tabernero Josep , Felip Enriqueta , Sahuquillo Joan , Berger Michael F. , Cortes Javier , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Seoane Joan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCell-free circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in plasma has been shown to be informative of the genomic alterations present in tumours and has been used to monitor tumour progression and response to treatments. However, patients with brain tumours do not present with or present with low amounts of ctDNA in plasma precluding the genomic characterization of brain cancer through plasma ctDNA. Here we show that ctDNA derived from central nervous system tumours is more abundantly present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in plasma. Massively parallel sequencing of CSF ctDNA more comprehensively characterizes the genomic alterations of brain tumours than plasma, allowing the identification of actionable brain tumour somatic mutations. We show that CSF ctDNA levels longitudinally fluctuate in time and follow the changes in brain tumour burden providing biomarkers to monitor brain malignancies. Moreover, CSF ctDNA is shown to facilitate and complement the diagnosis of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
The effect of folate supplementation and genotype on cardiovascular and epigenetic measures in schizophrenia subjects
Authors: Ellingrod Vicki L , Grove Tyler B , Burghardt Kyle J , Taylor Stephan F , Dalack Gregory 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background:
Metabolic syndrome may be related to folate’s pharmacogenetically regulated metabolism and atypical antipsychotic (AAP) exposure.

Aims:
We examined folate supplementation on metabolic measures, endothelial functioning (Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI)), and global methylation in AAP-treated schizophrenia subjects meeting NCEP-ATP-III-a metabolic syndrome criteria.

Methods:
Subjects were given 5 mg/day open label folate for 3 months. Baseline and end point measurements included RHI, body mass index, fasting metabolic laboratory measures, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, IL-6, and leptin. Subjects were genotyped for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C/T and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) 158 Val/Met, as well as global DNA methylation using the LUminometric Methylation Assay (LUMA).

Results:
Thirty-five subjects (mean age 50±9 years and 70% Caucasian) were included. At end point, RHI improved by 20% (P=0.02), homocysteine decreased 14% (P=0.006), and IL-6 decreased 13% (P=0.09). At baseline, 61% met endothelial dysfunction criteria (RHI<1.67), which decreased to 27% (P=0.0006) at end point. The MTHFR 677C/C+COMT 158Met/Met group also showed significant reduction in those meeting endothelial dysfunction (83% baseline and 16% end point (P=0.001)). Global methylation levels increased after supplementation (4.3%, P<0.0001), with subjects receiving olanzapine or clozapine experiencing greater methylation changes after folate supplementation. Folate may reduce AAP-associated metabolic risks.

Conclusions:
We report significant reductions in the number of subjects meeting endothelial dysfunction. Given that all subjects met metabolic syndrome criteria, this may prove as a useful avenue to reducing cardiovascular disease risk. MTHFR and COMT genotypes may affect response and underlying changes in DNA methylation may help to explain the mechanistic underpinnings of these findings.
Psychological job strain, social support at work and daytime secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in healthy female employees: cross-sectional analyses
Authors: Ota Atsuhiko , Yatsuya Hiroshi , Mase Junji , Ono Yuichiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEvidence is limited concerning the influences of high psychological job strain and low social support at work on daytime secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which demonstrates anti-cortisol effects. We carried out a cross-sectional study to examine the associations of job strain and social support with daytime secretion amounts of DHEA and cortisol and daytime variation of the cortisol-to-DHEA ratio (C/D ratio) in healthy female workers. Study subjects comprised 115 healthy female nursery school teachers. Area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCG) of salivary DHEA, cortisol and C/D ratio was calculated for estimation of daytime secretion and variation. Social support scores were negatively associated with daytime DHEA secretion (standardized partial regression coefficient = −0.343, P < 0.001 by multiple linear regression analysis). This association remained significant when daytime cortisol secretion was additionally adjusted. Social support was not associated with daytime variation of the C/D ratio. Significant association between social support and daytime cortisol secretion was not confirmed. Job strain was not associated with DHEA, cortisol or the C/D ratio. In summary, we found that daytime DHEA secretion was increased in healthy workers with low social support, perhaps independent of daytime cortisol secretion.
High Fidelity Tape Transfer Printing Based On Chemically Induced Adhesive Strength Modulation
Authors: Sim Kyoseung , Chen Song , Li Yuhang , Kammoun Mejdi , Peng Yun , Xu Minwei , Gao Yang , Song Jizhou , Zhang Yingchun , Ardebili Haleh , Yu Cunjiang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTransfer printing, a two-step process (i.e. picking up and printing) for heterogeneous integration, has been widely exploited for the fabrication of functional electronics system. To ensure a reliable process, strong adhesion for picking up and weak or no adhesion for printing are required. However, it is challenging to meet the requirements of switchable stamp adhesion. Here we introduce a simple, high fidelity process, namely tape transfer printing(TTP), enabled by chemically induced dramatic modulation in tape adhesive strength. We describe the working mechanism of the adhesion modulation that governs this process and demonstrate the method by high fidelity tape transfer printing several types of materials and devices, including Si pellets arrays, photodetector arrays and electromyography (EMG) sensors, from their preparation substrates to various alien substrates. High fidelity tape transfer printing of components onto curvilinear surfaces is also illustrated.
The breakdown of superlubricity by driving-induced commensurate dislocations
Authors: Benassi A. , Ma Ming , Urbakh M. , Vanossi A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the framework of a Frenkel-Kontorova-like model, we address the robustness of the superlubricity phenomenon in an edge-driven system at large scales, highlighting the dynamical mechanisms leading to its failure due to the slider elasticity. The results of the numerical simulations perfectly match the length critical size derived from a parameter-free analytical model. By considering different driving and commensurability interface configurations, we explore the distinctive nature of the transition from superlubric to high-friction sliding states which occurs above the critical size, discovering the occurrence of previously undetected multiple dissipative jumps in the friction force as a function of the slider length. These driving-induced commensurate dislocations in the slider are then characterized in relation to their spatial localization and width, depending on the system parameters. Setting the ground to scale superlubricity up, this investigation provides a novel perspective on friction and nanomanipulation experiments and can serve as a theoretical basis for designing high-tech devices with specific superlow frictional features.
Methane excess in Arctic surface water- triggered by sea ice formation and melting
Authors: Damm E. , Rudels B. , Schauer U. , Mau S. , Dieckmann G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractArctic amplification of global warming has led to increased summer sea ice retreat, which influences gas exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere where sea ice previously acted as a physical barrier. Indeed, recently observed enhanced atmospheric methane concentrations in Arctic regions with fractional sea-ice cover point to unexpected feedbacks in cycling of methane. We report on methane excess in sea ice-influenced water masses in the interior Arctic Ocean and provide evidence that sea ice is a potential source. We show that methane release from sea ice into the ocean occurs via brine drainage during freezing and melting i.e. in winter and spring. In summer under a fractional sea ice cover, reduced turbulence restricts gas transfer, then seawater acts as buffer in which methane remains entrained. However, in autumn and winter surface convection initiates pronounced efflux of methane from the ice covered ocean to the atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that sea ice-sourced methane cycles seasonally between sea ice, sea-ice-influenced seawater and the atmosphere, while the deeper ocean remains decoupled. Freshening due to summer sea ice retreat will enhance this decoupling, which restricts the capacity of the deeper Arctic Ocean to act as a sink for this greenhouse gas.
Ranking nodes in growing networks: When PageRank fails
Authors: Mariani Manuel Sebastian , Medo Matúš , Zhang Yi-Cheng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPageRank is arguably the most popular ranking algorithm which is being applied in real systems ranging from information to biological and infrastructure networks. Despite its outstanding popularity and broad use in different areas of science, the relation between the algorithm’s efficacy and properties of the network on which it acts has not yet been fully understood. We study here PageRank’s performance on a network model supported by real data and show that realistic temporal effects make PageRank fail in individuating the most valuable nodes for a broad range of model parameters. Results on real data are in qualitative agreement with our model-based findings. This failure of PageRank reveals that the static approach to information filtering is inappropriate for a broad class of growing systems and suggest that time-dependent algorithms that are based on the temporal linking patterns of these systems are needed to better rank the nodes.
Randomness determines practical security of BB84 quantum key distribution
Authors: Li Hong-Wei , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Wang Shuang , Qian Yong-Jun , Chen Wei , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnconditional security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol has been proved by exploiting the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics, but the practical quantum key distribution system maybe hacked by considering the imperfect state preparation and measurement respectively. Until now, different attacking schemes have been proposed by utilizing imperfect devices, but the general security analysis model against all of the practical attacking schemes has not been proposed. Here, we demonstrate that the general practical attacking schemes can be divided into the Trojan horse attack, strong randomness attack and weak randomness attack respectively. We prove security of BB84 protocol under randomness attacking models and these results can be applied to guarantee the security of the practical quantum key distribution system.
Modulation of P2X4/P2X7/Pannexin-1 sensitivity to extracellular ATP via Ivermectin induces a non-apoptotic and inflammatory form of cancer cell death
Authors: Draganov Dobrin , Gopalakrishna-Pillai Sailesh , Chen Yun-Ru , Zuckerman Neta , Moeller Sara , Wang Carrie , Ann David , Lee Peter P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOverexpression of P2X7 receptors correlates with tumor growth and metastasis. Yet, release of ATP is associated with immunogenic cancer cell death as well as inflammatory responses caused by necrotic cell death at sites of trauma or ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using an FDA-approved anti-parasitic agent Ivermectin as a prototype agent to allosterically modulate P2X4 receptors, we can switch the balance between the dual pro-survival and cytotoxic functions of purinergic signaling in breast cancer cells. This is mediated through augmented opening of the P2X4/P2X7-gated Pannexin-1 channels that drives a mixed apoptotic and necrotic mode of cell death associated with activation of caspase-1 and is consistent with pyroptosis. We show that cancer cell death is dependent on ATP release and death signals downstream of P2X7 receptors that can be reversed by inhibition of NADPH oxidases-generated ROS, Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) or mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Ivermectin induces autophagy and release of ATP and HMGB1, key mediators of inflammation. Potentiated P2X4/P2X7 signaling can be further linked to the ATP rich tumor microenvironment providing a mechanistic explanation for the tumor selectivity of purinergic receptors modulation and its potential to be used as a platform for integrated cancer immunotherapy.
Green tea inhibited the elimination of nephro-cardiovascular toxins and deteriorated the renal function in rats with renal failure
Authors: Peng Yu-Hsuan , Sweet Douglas H. , Lin Shiuan-Pey , Yu Chung-Ping , Lee Chao Pei-Dawn , Hou Yu-Chi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem worldwide. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) are highly protein-bound nephro-cardiovascular toxins, which are not efficiently removed through hemodialysis. The renal excretions of IS and PCS were mediated by organic anion transporters (OATs) such as OAT1 and OAT3. Green tea (GT) is a popular beverage containing plenty of catechins. Previous pharmacokinetic studies of teas have shown that the major molecules present in the bloodstream are the glucuronides/sulfates of tea catechins, which are putative substrates of OATs. Here we demonstrated that GT ingestion significantly elevated the systemic exposures of endogenous IS and PCS in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). More importantly, GT also significantly increased the levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in CRF rats. Mechanism studies indicated that the serum metabolites of GT (GTM) inhibited the uptake transporting functions of OAT1 and OAT3. In conclusion, GT inhibited the elimination of nephro-cardiovascular toxins such as IS and PCS and deteriorated the renal function in CRF rats.
Interval analysis of interictal EEG: pathology of the alpha rhythm in focal epilepsy
Authors: Pyrzowski Jan , Siemiński Mariusz , Sarnowska Anna , Jedrzejczak Joanna , Nyka Walenty M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe contemporary use of interictal scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in the context of focal epilepsy workup relies on the visual identification of interictal epileptiform discharges. The high-specificity performance of this marker comes, however, at a cost of only moderate sensitivity. Zero-crossing interval analysis is an alternative to Fourier analysis for the assessment of the rhythmic component of EEG signals. We applied this method to standard EEG recordings of 78 patients divided into 4 subgroups: temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and nonepileptic patients with headache. Interval-analysis based markers were capable of effectively discriminating patients with epilepsy from those in control subgroups (AUC~0.8) with diagnostic sensitivity potentially exceeding that of visual analysis. The identified putative epilepsy-specific markers were sensitive to the properties of the alpha rhythm and displayed weak or non-significant dependences on the number of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) taken by the patients. Significant AED-related effects were concentrated in the theta interval range and an associated marker allowed for identification of patients on AED polytherapy (AUC~0.9). Interval analysis may thus, in perspective, increase the diagnostic yield of interictal scalp EEG. Our findings point to the possible existence of alpha rhythm abnormalities in patients with epilepsy.
Recurrent Coding Sequence Variation Explains Only A Small Fraction of the Genetic Architecture of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Timofeeva Maria N. , Kinnersley Ben , Farrington Susan M. , Whiffin Nicola , Palles Claire , Svinti Victoria , Lloyd Amy , Gorman Maggie , Ooi Li-Yin , Hosking Fay , Barclay Ella , Zgaga Lina , Dobbins Sara , Martin Lynn , Theodoratou Evropi , Broderick Peter , Tenesa Albert , Smillie Claire , Grimes Graeme , Hayward Caroline , Campbell Archie , Porteous David , Deary Ian J. , Harris Sarah E. , Northwood Emma L. , Barrett Jennifer H. , Smith Gillian , Wolf Roland , Forman David , Morreau Hans , Ruano Dina , Tops Carli , Wijnen Juul , Schrumpf Melanie , Boot Arnoud , Vasen Hans F A , Hes Frederik J. , van Wezel Tom , Franke Andre , Lieb Wolgang , Schafmayer Clemens , Hampe Jochen , Buch Stephan , Propping Peter , Hemminki Kari , Försti Asta , Westers Helga , Hofstra Robert , Pinheiro Manuela , Pinto Carla , Teixeira Manuel , Ruiz-Ponte Clara , Fernández-Rozadilla Ceres , Carracedo Angel , Castells Antoni , Castellví-Bel Sergi , Campbell Harry , Bishop D. Timothy , Tomlinson Ian P M , Dunlop Malcolm G. , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhilst common genetic variation in many non-coding genomic regulatory regions are known to impart risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), much of the heritability of CRC remains unexplained. To examine the role of recurrent coding sequence variation in CRC aetiology, we genotyped 12,638 CRCs cases and 29,045 controls from six European populations. Single-variant analysis identified a coding variant (rs3184504) in SH2B3 (12q24) associated with CRC risk (OR = 1.08, P = 3.9 × 10−7) and novel damaging coding variants in 3 genes previously tagged by GWAS efforts; rs16888728 (8q24) in UTP23 (OR = 1.15, P = 1.4 × 10−7); rs6580742 and rs12303082 (12q13) in FAM186A (OR = 1.11, P = 1.2 × 10−7 and OR = 1.09, P = 7.4 × 10−8); rs1129406 (12q13) in ATF1 (OR = 1.11, P = 8.3 × 10−9), all reaching exome-wide significance levels. Gene based tests identified associations between CRC and PCDHGA genes (P < 2.90 × 10−6). We found an excess of rare, damaging variants in base-excision (P = 2.4 × 10−4) and DNA mismatch repair genes (P = 6.1 × 10−4) consistent with a recessive mode of inheritance. This study comprehensively explores the contribution of coding sequence variation to CRC risk, identifying associations with coding variation in 4 genes and PCDHG gene cluster and several candidate recessive alleles. However, these findings suggest that recurrent, low-frequency coding variants account for a minority of the unexplained heritability of CRC.
Fast ion conductivity in strained defect-fluorite structure created by ion tracks in Gd2Ti2O7
Authors: Aidhy Dilpuneet S. , Sachan Ritesh , Zarkadoula Eva , Pakarinen Olli , Chisholm Matthew F. , Zhang Yanwen , Weber William J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe structure and ion-conducting properties of the defect-fluorite ring structure formed around amorphous ion-tracks by swift heavy ion irradiation of Gd2Ti2O7 pyrochlore are investigated. High angle annular dark field imaging complemented with ion-track molecular dynamics simulations show that the atoms in the ring structure are disordered and have relatively larger cation-cation interspacing than in the bulk pyrochlore, illustrating the presence of tensile strain in the ring region. Density functional theory calculations show that the non-equilibrium defect-fluorite structure can be stabilized by tensile strain. The pyrochlore to defect-fluorite structure transformation in the ring region is predicted to be induced by recrystallization during a melt-quench process and stabilized by tensile strain. Static pair-potential calculations show that planar tensile strain lowers oxygen vacancy migration barriers in pyrochlores, in agreement with recent studies on fluorite and perovskite materials. In view of these results, it is suggested that strain engineering could be simultaneously used to stabilize the defect-fluorite structure and gain control over its high ion-conducting properties.
Risperidone and NAP protect cognition and normalize gene expression in a schizophrenia mouse model
Authors: Vaisburd Sinaya , Shemer Zeev , Yeheskel Adva , Giladi Eliezer , Gozes Illana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMutated disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a microtubule regulating protein, leads to schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses. It is hypothesized that microtubule stabilization may provide neuroprotection in schizophrenia. The NAP (NAPVSIPQ) sequence of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) contains the SxIP motif, microtubule end binding (EB) protein target, which is critical for microtubule dynamics leading to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Bioinformatics prediction for FDA approved drugs mimicking SxIP-like motif which displace NAP-EB binding identified Risperidone. Risperidone or NAP effectively ameliorated object recognition deficits in the mutated DISC1 mouse model. NAP but not Risperidone, reduced anxiety in the mutated mice. Doxycycline, which blocked the expression of the mutated DISC1, did not reverse the phenotype. Transcripts of Forkhead-BOX P2 (Foxp2), a gene regulating DISC1 and associated with human ability to acquire a spoken language, were increased in the hippocampus of the DISC1 mutated mice and were significantly lowered after treatment with NAP, Risperidone, or the combination of both. Thus, the combination of NAP and standard of care Risperidone in humans may protect against language disturbances associated with negative and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.