bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigrant over- and under-education: the role of home country labour market experience
Authors: Piracha Matloob , Tani Massimiliano , Vadean Florin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Literature on the immigrant labour market mismatch has not explored the signal provided by the quality of home country work experience, particularly that of education-occupation mismatch prior to migration. We show that type of work experience in the home country plays a significant role in explaining immigrant mismatch in the destination country’s labour market. We use the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia and find that having been over-educated in the last job held in the home country increases the likelihood of being over-educated in Australia by about 45 percent. Whereas having been under-educated in the home country has an even stronger impact, as it increases the probability to be similarly mismatched in Australia by 62 percent.
Maintenance of S-nitrosothiol homeostasis plays an important role in growth suppression of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors
Authors: Cañas Amanda , López-Sánchez Laura M , Valverde-Estepa Araceli , Hernández Vanessa , Fuentes Elena , Muñoz-Castañeda Juan R , López-Pedrera Chary , De La Haba-Rodríguez Juan R , Aranda Enrique , Rodríguez-Ariza Antonio 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Protein denitrosylation by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is key for maintaining S-nitrosothiol (SNO) homeostasis, although its role in tumor progression is unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the role of altered SNO homeostasis in breast cancer cells.

Methods
The impairment of SNO homeostasis in breast cancer cells was achieved with the highly specific TrxR inhibitor auranofin and/or exposure to S-nitroso-L-cysteine. S-nitrosylated proteins were detected using the biotin switch assay. Estrogen receptor (ER) alpha knockdown was achieved using RNA silencing technologies and subcellular localization of ERα was analyzed by confocal microscopy. The Oncomine database was explored for TrxR1 (TXNRD1) expression in breast tumors and TrxR1, ER and p53 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a panel of breast tumors.

Results
The impairment of SNO homeostasis enhanced cell proliferation and survival of ER+ MCF-7 cells, but not of MDA-MB-231 (ER-, mut p53) or BT-474 (ER+, mut p53) cells. This enhanced cell growth and survival was associated with Akt, Erk1/2 phosphorylation, and augmented cyclin D1 expression and was abolished by the ER antagonist fulvestrant or the p53 specific inhibitor pifithrin-α. The specific silencing of ERα expression in MCF-7 cells also abrogated the growth effect of TrxR inhibition. Estrogenic deprivation in MCF-7 cells potentiated the pro-proliferative effect of impaired SNO homeostasis. Moreover, the subcellular distribution of ERα was altered, with a predominant nuclear localization associated with phosphorylation at Thr311 in those cells with impaired SNO homeostasis. The impairment of SNO homeostasis also expanded a cancer stem cell-like subpopulation in MCF-7 cells, as indicated by the increase of percentage of CD44+ cells and the augmented capability to form mammospheres in vitro. Notably, ER+ status in breast tumors was significantly associated with lower TXNDR1 mRNA expression and immunohistochemical studies confirmed this association, particularly when p53 abnormalities were absent.

Conclusion
The ER status in breast cancer may dictate tumor response to different nitrosative environments. Impairment of SNO homeostasis confers survival advantages to ER+ breast tumors, and these molecular mechanisms may also participate in the development of resistance against hormonal therapies that arise in this type of mammary tumors.
Diversity and evolution of bodyguard manipulation
Authors: Maure Fanny , Daoust Simon Payette , Brodeur Jacques , Mitta Guillaume , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAmong the different strategies used by parasites to usurp the behaviour of their host, one of the most fascinating is bodyguard manipulation. While all classic examples of bodyguard manipulation involve insect parasitoids, induced protective behaviours have also evolved in other parasite–host systems, typically as specific dimensions of the total manipulation. For instance, parasites may manipulate the host to reduce host mortality during their development or to avoid predation by non-host predators. This type of host manipulation behaviour is rarely described, probably due to the fact that studies have mainly focused on predation enhancement rather than studying all the dimensions of the manipulation. Here, in addition to the classic cases of bodyguard manipulation, we also review these ‘bodyguard dimensions’ and propose extending the current definition of bodyguard manipulation to include the latter. We also discuss different evolutionary scenarios under which such manipulations could have evolved.
An overview of parasite-induced behavioral alterations – and some lessons from bats
Authors: Moore Janice 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAn animal with a parasite is not likely to behave like a similar animal without that parasite. This is a simple enough concept, one that is now widely recognized as true, but if we move beyond that statement, the light that it casts on behavior fades quickly: the world of parasites, hosts and behavior is shadowy, and boundaries are ill-defined. For instance, at first glance, the growing list of altered behaviors tells us very little about how those alterations happen, much less how they evolved. Some cases of parasite-induced behavioral change are truly manipulative, with the parasite standing to benefit from the changed behavior. In other cases, the altered behavior has an almost curative, if not prophylactic, effect; in those cases, the host benefits. This paper will provide an overview of the conflicting (and coinciding) demands on parasite and host, using examples from a wide range of taxa and posing questions for the future. In particular, what does the larger world of animal behavior tell us about how to go about seeking insights – or at least, what not to do? By asking questions about the sensory–perceptual world of hosts, we can identify those associations that hold the greatest promise for neuroethological studies of parasite-induced behavioral alterations, and those studies can, in turn, help guide our understanding of how parasite-induced alterations evolved, and how they are maintained.
The Comparative Effectiveness of Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Sampling Policies
Authors: Schmidt Robert L. , Howard Kirsten , Hall Brian J. , Layfield Lester J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Sample adequacy is an important aspect of overall fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performance. FNAC effectiveness is augmented by an increasing number of needle passes, but increased needle passes are associated with higher costs and greater risk of adverse events. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of several different sampling policies on FNAC effectiveness and adverse event rates using discrete event simulation. We compared 8 different sampling policies in 12 different sampling environments. All sampling policies were effective when the per-pass accuracy is high (&gt;80%). Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) improves FNAC effectiveness when the per-pass adequacy rate is low. ROSE is unlikely to be cost-effective in sampling environments in which the per-pass adequacy is high. Alternative ROSE assessors (eg, cytotechnologists) may be a cost-effective alternative to pathologists when the per-pass adequacy rate is moderate (60%–80%) or when the number of needle passes is limited.
Comparative Assessment of Urinary Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 and TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusion with the Serum [−2]Proprostate-Specific Antigen–Based Prostate Health Index for Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Stephan Carsten , Jung Klaus , Semjonow Axel , Schulze-Forster Kai , Cammann Henning , Hu Xinhai , Meyer Hellmuth-A , Bögemann Martin , Miller Kurt , Friedersdorff Frank 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND
We compared urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2):v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) gene fusion (T2:ERG), and the serum [−2]proprostate-specific antigen ([−2]proPSA)-based prostate health index (Phi) for predicting biopsy outcome.

METHODS
Serum samples and first-catch urine samples were collected after digital rectal examination (DRE) from consented outpatients with PSA 0.5–20 μg/L who were scheduled for prostate biopsy. The PCA3 score (PROGENSA PCA3, Hologic Gen-Probe) and T2:ERG score (Hologic Gen-Probe) were determined. Measurements of serum PSA, free PSA, and [−2]proPSA (Beckman Coulter) were performed, and the percentages of free PSA (%fPSA) and Phi ([−2]proPSA/fPSA × √PSA) were determined.

RESULTS
Of 246 enrolled men, prostate cancer (PCa) was diagnosed in 110 (45%) and there was no evidence of malignancy (NEM) in 136 (55%). A first set of biopsies was performed in 136 (55%) of all men, and 110 (45%) had ≥1 repeat biopsies. PCA3, Phi, and T2:ERG differed significantly between men with PCa and NEM, and these markers showed the largest areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) (0.74, 0.68, and 0.63, respectively). PCA3 had the largest AUC of all parameters, albeit not statistically different from Phi. Phi showed somewhat lower specificities than PCA3 at 90% sensitivity. Combination of both markers enhanced diagnostic power with modest AUC gains of 0.01–0.04. Although PCA3 had the highest AUC in the repeat-biopsy cohort, the highest AUC for Phi was observed in DRE-negative patients with PSA in the 2–10 μg/L range.

CONCLUSIONS
PCA3 and Phi were superior to the other evaluated parameters but their combination gave only moderate enhancements in diagnostic accuracy for PCa at first or repeat prostate biopsy.
Beyond National Identity in Taiwan: A Multidimensional and Evolutionary Conceptualization
Authors: Chen Rou-Lan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article conceptualizes the multifaceted concept of national identity in Taiwan. The prevailing measures on national identity were ubiquitous, one-dimensional, and categorical, forcing people to choose between being Taiwanese and being Chinese or opting for independence or unification. Conceptual haziness leaves us ill equipped to examine the essence of Taiwan’s identity politics. Hence, this article goes beyond national identity to explore the dimensionality that underlies its nature.
The role of salivary cortisol measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in the diagnosis of subclinical hypercortisolism
Authors: Palmieri S , Morelli V , Polledri E , Fustinoni S , Mercadante R , Olgiati L , Eller Vainicher C , Cairoli E , Zhukouskaya V V , Beck-Peccoz P , Chiodini I 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThe use of late-night salivary cortisol (LNSalC) for diagnosing subclinical hypercortisolism (SH) is debated. No data are available regarding the role of LNSalC as measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in SH diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LNSalC measured by LC–MS/MS in SH.DesignCross-sectional prospective study of outpatients.MethodsIn 70 consecutive patients with adrenal incidentalomas (AI), without signs and symptoms of hypercortisolism, we diagnosed SH in the presence of at least two of the following: cortisol after 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (1 mg DST) >83 nmol/l, 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) >193 nmol/24 h, and morning ACTH <2.2 pmol/l. The LNSalC levels by LC–MS/MS at 2300 h (normal values <2.8 nmol/l) and the presence of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and osteoporosis (OP) were assessed.ResultsThe increased LNSalC levels (>2.8 nmol/l) had an 83.3% specificity (SP) and a 31.3% sensitivity (SN) for predicting the biochemical diagnosis of SH. The increased LNSalC had an 85.2% SP and a 55.6% SN for predicting the presence of hypertension, T2DM, and OP, while the combination of LNSalC >1.4 nmol/l (cutoff with 100% SN) plus 1 mg DST >50 nmol/l had an 88.9% SN and an 85.2% SP (similar to SH criterion at enrollment).ConclusionsIn AI patients, LNSalC measured by LC–MS/MS appears to be useful in combination with 1 mg DST for diagnosing SH, while it is not useful as a single criterion.
Evaluation of Ti implants coated with Ag-containing borate bioactive glass for simultaneous eradication of infection and fracture fixation in a rabbit tibial model
Authors: Xiao Wei , Luo Shi-Hua , Wei Xiao-Juan , Zhang Chang-Qing , Huang Wen-Hai , Chen Jia-Kang , Cai Yong , Rui Yong , Rahaman Mohamed N. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement-Polyacrylnitril Fiber Composites
Authors: Odler I. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTA series of fiber-cement composite materials was prepared by dispersing different amounts of polyacrylnitril (PAN) fibers in portland cement suspensions of variable water/solid ratios. The samples were used to study the effect of the volume of fibers and the water-cement ratio on the physico-mechanical properties of the material. The distribution of the fibers within the cementitious matrix and the fracture mechanism were studied by SEM and compared with those existing in glass fiber-cement composites.
Influence of the Laser Repetition Rate on Crystalline Structure, Composition and Magnetic Properties of Laser Deposited Y3Fe5O12/Gd3Ga5O12(111) Films
Authors: Kahl S. , Denysenkov V.P. , Kranzusch S.I. , Grishin A.M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractY3Fe5O12 (YIG) films have been deposited onto single crystal Gd4Ga5O12(GGG) substrates by publsed laser deposition. For a given set of experimental parameters, the oxygen background pressure and substrate tempetature were optimized to achieve the narrowest ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) lines. The repetition rate was then varied from 10 to 50 Hz. There is a cleasr transition from films with low saturation magnetization 4πMs ≈ 300 Gs, high coercive fields Hc > 20 Oe, and broad FMR lines ΔH > 100 Oe to films with 4πMs ≈ 1400Gs, Hc < 10 Oe, and ΔH ≤ 10 Oe. This crossover occurs when the laser repetition rate is changed from 20 to 30 Hz. No significant differences could be detected in any of the other investigated properties: crystalline structure, cation concentration rastio, amd surface roughness do not depend on the repetition rate. Annealing experiments show that the films deposited at 10 and 20 Hz repetition rate are oxygen deficent. We loaded the film deposited at 20 Hz with oxygen, so that it reached the bulk value for 4πMs. The coercive field, however, remained large.
Raman Characterization of Nitrogen Doped Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Webster S. , Maultzsch J. , Thomsen C. , Liu J. , Czerw R. , Terrones M. , Adar F. , John C. , Whitley A. , Carroll D. L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractN-type multi-walled nanotubes were synthesized by nitrogen doping using pyridine and pyridine-melamine mixtures in chemical vapor deposition, and their donor states were verified by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy. Tunneling Electron Microscopy reveals small amounts of residual catalyst and Scanning Electron Microscopy show well aligned mats of the Nitrogen doped nanotubes. Nitrogen is present in the lattice of these MWNTs as pyridine structures and CNx structures. Raman scattering measurements were performed as a function of increasing growth temperature and the results compared to previously studied boron doped multiwalled nanotubes.
Growth Mechanism and Opmization of MOD CeO2 Buffer Layers for TFA YBa2Cu3O7/CeO2 Multilayers
Authors: Sandiumenge Felip , Cavallaro Andrea , Coll Mariona , Gàzquez Jaume , Puig Teresa , Pomar Alberto , Romá Neus , Mestres Narcís , Obradors Xavier 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe evolution from a partially oriented granular microstructure to a dense epitaxial one in CeO2 buffer layers deposited by metallorganic decomposition (MOD) on single crystal Y-stabilised ZrO2 (YSZ) substrates, has been investigated. CeO2 buffer layers were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Reducing atmospheric conditions inhibit grain growth resulting in a nanometric granular microstructure with a high concentration of C impurities decorating grain boundaries and porosity. Oxidation and elimination of C species promotes grain growth resulting in a dense epitaxial film, as well as stabilizes otherwise energetically prohibitive polar (001) planes. Trifluoracetate (TFA) derived MOD YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films deposited on optimized CeO2 buffers exhibit a sharp interface while the undesired reaction giving BaCeO3 is minimized. Jc values of 1.5 MA/cm2 and 14 MA/cm2 at 77K and 5K, respectively, are achieved.
The flexural dynamics of melting ice shelves
Authors: MacAyeal Douglas R. , Sergienko Olga V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA conspicuous precursor of catastrophic ice-shelf break-up along the Antarctic Peninsula, reported widely in the literature, is the gradual increase in surface melting and consequent proliferation of supraglacial lakes and dolines. Here we present analytical and numerical solutions for the flexure stresses within an ice shelf covered by lakes and dolines, both isolated and arrayed. We conclude that surface water promotes ice-shelf instability in two ways: (1) by water-assisted crevasse penetration, as previously noted, and (2) by the inducement of strong tensile flexure stresses (exceeding background spreading stress by 10–100 times) in response to surface water mass loads and ‘hydrostatic rebound’ occurring when meltwater lakes drain.
Les traumatismes : violences à l'école, violence de l'école
Authors: Viard-Chevrel Catherine 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Nous observons, depuis quelques années, une impuissance de l’institution scolaire à répondre aux manifestations de malaise des élèves, qui se traduisent par des comportements transgressifs, par des passages à l’acte de plus en plus violents. Ces actes traumatisants déstabilisent, sidèrent l’ensemble de la communauté qui ne sait comment réagir. Les réponses sont apportées dans l’urgence et ne seront efficaces que lorsque les questions sur l’origine et le sens profond de ces désordres et des ses « écarts » seront posées. Peut-être pourra-t-il y avoir alors des réponses adaptées. Cela nécessite d’y penser en amont .
Posterior Cruciate–retaining, Rotating-platform Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimum 4-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Elwood Justin J. , Callaghan John J. , Liu Steve S. , Goetz Devon D. 
Published: December 2012

Rotating-platform, mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasty was initially developed using a posterior cruciate–sacrificing technique and design. Posterior cruciate–substituting and –retaining, rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty designs were developed later. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a minimum 4-year follow-up of total knee arthroplastyperformed with a posterior cruciate–retaining, rotating-platform design.
The 4- to 6-year results of 123 patients undergoing 152 consecutive total knee arthroplasties using a posterior cruciate–retaining, rotating-platform design were evaluated. Patients were evaluated clinically for need for revision, and clinical outcome measures included the pain and functional components of the Knee Society Score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, the Short Form 36 Health Survey, and the University of California Los Angeles activity-level scores. Radiographs were evaluated for loosening, component positioning changes, femoral–tibial alignment, and osteolysis. One knee was lost to follow-up at an average of 5.2 years. No tibial or femoral components required revision. Three polyethylene liners were revised: 2 for infection and 1 for bearing spinout. Average range of motion was 120° (range, 70°–135°). Minor areas of osteolysis were noted around 4.5% of knees, and minimal incomplete radiolucencies were noted around 50% of components. The posterior cruciate–retaining, rotating-platform knee prosthesis demonstrated excellent survivorship at 4- to 6-year follow-up.
Effect of Local Corticosteroid Injection of the Hand and Wrist on Blood Glucose in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Catalano Louis W. , Glickel Steven Z. , Barron O. Alton , Harrison Richard , Marshall Astrid , Purcelli-Lafer Marissa 
Published: December 2012

Locally administered corticosteroids are a common therapy in many hand and wrist disorders. Corticosteroids pose a theoretical risk to patients with diabetes mellitus by potentially raising blood glucose to hyperglycemic levels. Although oral corticosteroids are known to have an effect on blood glucose control, limited data exist on extra-articular administration. The purpose of this study was to examine the systemic impact of extra-articularly administered corticosteroids in the hand and wrist on serum glucose concentration in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Twenty-three patients with diabetes mellitus received a 1-mL triamcinolone acetonide injection for de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, trigger finger, flexor carpi ulnaris tendonitis, or carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients recorded their daily morning blood glucose levels for 1 week before injection and for 4 weeks after injection. Average blood glucose levels increased slightly from baseline after injection, reaching statistical significance 1, 5, and 6 days after injection, but were not clinically significant (average increase, 14.2, 9.7, and 32.7 mg/dL, respectively). Isolated increases more than 2 times the standard deviation of preinjection values occurred at least once in the majority of patients. The frequency of hyperglycemic episodes increased after injection, but the proportions of patients with at least 1 hyperglycemic episode before and after injection were not significantly different.
These results suggest that local corticosteroid injections are a clinically safe treatment option for inflammatory processes of the hand and wrist in patients with diabetes mellitus. On average, patients experienced slight increases in blood glucose after receiving an injection. Most experienced isolated increases substantially beyond baseline and isolated hyperglycemic effects, but these did not pose an apparent clinical risk.
Paying Surgeons Less Has Cost More
Authors: Bernstein Joseph , Derman Peter 
Published: December 2012

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 mandated reductions in physician reimbursement. This reduction in payments could be envisioned to limit expenditures on 2 counts: first, individual fees would be lower, producing inherent savings. Furthermore, reducing fees should depress the incentive to work, thereby generating additional savings from reduced output. A rival point of view holds that lower fees might paradoxically lead to greater spending because surgeons compensate for per-case reductions by performing more cases. If this income-targeting hypothesis is correct, lower per-case fees leads to increased volume. Increased work output has particularly sizable economic effects in fields like orthopedic surgery because the total cost of orthopedic interventions is usually many times larger than the physician’s fee (largely owing to the cost of implants). As such, increases in work volume more than negate the potential savings from lower surgeon’s fees.
This phenomenon was studied in the context of total knee arthroplasty. In the decade spanning 1996 to 2005, inflation-adjusted physician reimbursement decreased by approximately 5% per year, leading to a cumulative drop in reimbursement from $2847 to $1685. Nonetheless, because the number of procedures performed increased from 253,841 to 498,169 and because payments to hospitals far exceeded payments to surgeons, total expenditures for total knee arthroplasty increased dramatically: more than $7.1 billion additional was spent on hospital payments. Continuing to pay surgeons less is apt to continue to cost more. Counter to intuition, the best strategy for controlling overall spending might be higher, not lower, surgical fees.