bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell to Collect Electricity From Exhaust Gas
Authors: Onita Keigo , Yanagihara Kiyoshi , Yamada Rikimaru , Nakagawa Youhei 
Published: October 2014

Exhaust gas of internal combustion engine contains carbon-oxide and hydrocarbon. The temperature of these gases which are emitted in atmosphere are higher than 873 K. In the environment under the high-temperature gas. Reforming of Steam Methane Reforming, Water-Gas Shift Reaction and Carbon Precipitation are expected in the exhaust pipe. This environment of the exhaust-gases accommodates with operating environment of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). Therefore, if electricity can be collected from such exhaust gas environment, engine system can utilize smaller AC generator and battery, and if the gas reforming and electrochemical reactions can clean the exhaust gases, that can lead to disuse catalyzer. Those also can accomplish lighter engine system and totally efficiency of engine system.
Therefore, in order to collect electricity from exhaust gas, the single type SOFC unit is designed and installed in the exhaust pipe of 110cc engine of a small motorcycle. Various experiments are executed in this paper. The experimental results show that the developed SOFC-unit works, and power density of about 8.5mW/cm2 is obtained.
Clathria (Thalysias) (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera) from Brazil: <br />New species and redescription of Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury-Esnault, 1973)
Authors: GALINDO HELCY , HOOPER JOHN N.A. , PINHEIRO ULISSES 
Published: October 2014

The subgenus Clathria (Thalysias) Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 has 97 valid species, of which 27 are recorded in the Atlantic Ocean. However, only three species are known from Brazil so far. Here we provide the redescription of Clathria (Thalysias) basiarenacea (Boury- Esnault, 1973), based on the discovery of new characters (additional category of auxiliary styles, and details of spicules), and describe a new species of Clathria (Thalysias) repens sp. nov., that differs from sister species in having a live orange color, a massively encrusting repent growth form with lamellate folds and anastomosed projections, and three categories of structural styles, of which the two auxiliary styles have microspined heads. We also invalidate the record of Clathria (Thalysias) procera (Ridley, 1884) for Brazil.
A promising gene delivery system developed from PEGylated MoS2 nanosheets for gene therapy
Authors: Kou Zhongyang , Wang Xin , Yuan Renshun , Chen Huabin , Zhi Qiaoming , Gao Ling , Wang Bin , Guo Zhaoji , Xue Xiaofeng , Cao Wei , Guo Liang 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A new class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2 which have fantastic physical and chemical properties, has drawn tremendous attention in different fields recently. Herein, we for the first time take advantage of the great potential of MoS2 with well-engineered surface as a novel type of 2D nanocarriers for gene delivery and therapy of cancer. In our system, positively charged MoS2-PEG-PEI is synthesized with lipoic acid-modified polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG) and branched polyethylenimine (PEI). The amino end of positively charged nanomaterials can bind to the negatively charged small interfering RNA (siRNA). After detection of physical and chemical characteristics of the nanomaterial, cell toxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) was investigated as a well-known oncogene, which was a critical regulator of cell cycle transmission at multiple levels. Through knockdown of PLK1 with siRNA carried by novel nanovector, qPCR and Western blot were used to measure the interfering efficiency; apoptosis assay was used to detect the transfection effect of PLK1. All results showed that the novel nanocarrier revealed good biocompatibility, reduced cytotoxicity, as well as high gene-carrying ability without serum interference, thus would have great potential for gene delivery and therapy.
Assessment of nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem on energy and economy
Authors: Zheng Huabin , Huang Huang , Li Diqin , Li Xumeng , Fu Zhiqiang , Chen Can 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Modern intensive rice production has brought a large amount of environmental pollution and do not guarantee the safety of rice quality. Thus, to improve the farmer's rice production model to reduce agro-chemicals is of great importance to decrease pollution and to guarantee the security of food quality. Here, our experiments illustrated that nomadic rice-duck complex ecosystem (RD) could reduce energy input and increase both energy output and the values of the product safety index based on energy (PSI).

Results
According to the results of our experiments, RD and rice monoculture production system (RM) were -0.6 and -0.78, respectively, which indicated that the safety potential of products in RD was higher than that of RM. Protein yield based on RD was significantly higher than that of RM. The output/input, gross income, and net income of RD were 15.26%, 39.51%, and 44.80%, respectively, higher than that of RM; the data suggest that the economic benefits of RD were greater than that of RM.

Conclusions
Consequently, as an intermediate-type technology, RD could become a feasible alternative that could reduce agro-chemical application rate without decreasing rice yield and increasing labor intensity. Furthermore, as an inheritance and development of the Chinese farming culture, RD is a classic Chinese farming technology withstanding more than 700 years of tests.
On the electromagnetic response of a resistive cylinder buried in a conductive host
Authors: Swidinsky Andrei 
Published: October 2014

The frequency-domain electromagnetic response of a confined conductor buried in a resistive host has received much attention, particularly in the context of mineral exploration. In contrast, the problem of the electromagnetic response of a confined resistor buried in a conductive host has been less thoroughly studied. However, resistive targets are important in geotechnical and hydrologic studies, archaeological prospecting, and, more recently, offshore hydrocarbon exploration. I analytically address the problem of the electromagnetic response of a completely resistive cylindrical cavity buried in a conductive host in the presence of a simplified 2D electric dipole source. In contrast to the confined conductor, which channels and induces current systems, the confined resistor deflects current and produces additional eddy current systems in the conductive host. I apply this theory to model the response of a grounded electric dipole-dipole system operating over a range of frequencies from 0 Hz to 10 kHz, in the presence of a horizontal 5-m radius insulating cylinder located 1-m beneath the surface of a uniform earth. This represents a common hazard encountered during mining and civil engineering operations. Results show that such an insulating cavity increases the recorded electric field amplitude and phase delay at all transmitted frequencies. These observations suggest that a broadband electromagnetic prospecting system may provide additional information about the location and extent of a void, over and above a standard dipole-dipole resistivity survey. When the host skin depth is much larger than all other length scales, the response can be approximated by an equivalent single dipole unless the cylinder’s radius is much larger than its distance from the transmitter. This result provids a useful rule of thumb to determine the acceptable range over which a resistive target can be modeled by a distribution of dipoles.
Naphthalene Bisimide-Based Acceptor Polymers: Synthesis via Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation, Characterization, and Nanostructure
Authors: Nakabayashi Kazuhiro , Yamada Masaya , Mori Hideharu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We demonstrated the efficient synthesis of naphthalene bisimide (NBI)-based acceptor polymers by palladium-catalyzed direct arylation, which was a more environmentally friendly and efficient method for the synthesis of conjugated polymers compared to conventional cross-coupling reactions. The direct arylation between our designed thiophene-extended NBI-based monomer and 3,4-dimethylthiophene was successfully carried out to yield the desired NBI-based acceptor polymer (PNBI3T-Dr) with a high molecular weight (Mn &gt; 30000, Mw ≈ 90000) in relatively high yield. The optimal direct arylation could afford the NBI-based acceptor polymer with a higher molecular weight in a shorter reaction time than conventional Stille coupling. Furthermore, grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis revealed that the as-spun PNBI3T-Dr thin film had π–π stacked nanostructure.
Current trends in tonsillitis and tonsillectomy
Authors: Millington AJ , Phillips JS 
Published: October 2014

Introduction The aim of this study was to assess tonsillitis and tonsillectomy trends, both from a local and national perspective. Methods Retrospective analysis was carried out of tonsillitis admissions and tonsillectomy rates over a ten-year period in a university teaching hospital from 2003 to 2012. Results Since 2003 tonsillitis admissions have increased locally by 118% in adults and 179% in children despite negligible changes in tonsillectomy rates. Similar trends have been observed nationally. Conclusions The findings of this study may be considered to be the result of current National Health Service policy. A reconsideration of agreed indications for tonsillectomy could potentially reduce hospital admissions of patients with tonsillitis in the long term.
Hand transplant surgery
Authors: Nassimizadeh M , Nassimizadeh AK , Power D 
Published: October 2014

In September 1998 the world’s first hand transplant was performed in Lyon, France. A new era in reconstructive surgery had begun. This case highlighted the potential for composite tissue allotransplantation (CTA). While CTA is not a new technique, it unifies the principles of reconstructive microsurgery and transplant surgery, achieving the goals of absolute correction of a defect with anatomically and physiologically identical tissue with none of the issues of donor site morbidity associated with autologous tissue transfer. The adoption of this technique for non-life threatening conditions to improve quality of life has generated a number of new ethical considerations. Additionally, the prominence of transplanted hands has led to much discussion around the issue of body identity and psychological assessment of potential recipients. This is fundamental to any hand transplantation programme. With the advent of hand transplantation dawning in the UK, we review the many ethical considerations that contribute to this new frontier.
Evaluating linear approximations in a two-country model with occasionally binding borrowing constraints
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Alexis , Tang Xin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractUnder a linear approximation, a standard two-country business cycles model with incomplete markets delivers consumption and debt dynamics that are non-stationary (unit root) and a bond price that is independent of the wealth distribution. We argue that these two features are due to the local nature of the approximation and we show that they survive even when second or third order local approximations are used. However, these features disappear when debt limits and the associated precautionary motives are taken into account by a standard, global solution method. We subsequently investigate whether this qualitative difference has significant quantitative implications regarding the linear solution as an approximation to the model’s equilibrium dynamics. Policy function differences between the local and global solutions can be large and remain significant even in the case of debt limits as loose as the natural debt limit. These differences can lead to significant discrepancies in implied simulated second moments. In a benchmark calibration, the cross-country correlation of consumption is 0.61 under linearization, but only 0.38 when a policy iteration algorithm is used.
Fetal ingestion of an amniotic band: how rare is it?
Authors: Schüttauf Robert-Jan Christian , Hellebrekers Bart W.J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Amniotic bands are believed to be formed as a result of chorio-amniotic membrane separation, which produces free-floating tissue bands. These amniotic bands can cause a wide range of clinical abnormalities, known as amniotic band syndrome. Amniotic bands can also be swallowed by the fetus, thus causing, for instance, facial clefting. However, few studies have reported swallowing of amniotic bands. Thus, we report a case of a term infant who was born with a large ingested amniotic band hanging from the mouth.
Design and Implementation of Secure and Reliable Communication using Optical Wireless Communication
Authors: Saadi Muhammad , Bajpai Ambar , Zhao Yan , Sangwongngam Paramin , Wuttisittikulkij Lunchakorn 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWireless networking intensify the tractability in the home and office environment to connect the internet without wires but at the cost of risks associated with stealing the data or threat of loading malicious code with the intention of harming the network. In this paper, we proposed a novel method of establishing a secure and reliable communication link using optical wireless communication (OWC). For security, spatial diversity based transmission using two optical transmitters is used and the reliability in the link is achieved by a newly proposed method for the construction of structured parity check matrix for binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes. Experimental results show that a successful secure and reliable link between the transmitter and the receiver can be achieved by using the proposed novel technique.
Compressed Sampling of Spectrally Sparse Signals Using Sparse Circulant Matrices
Authors: Xu Guangjie , Wang Huali , Sun Lei , Zeng Weijun , Wang Qingguo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCirculant measurement matrices constructed by partial cyclically shifts of one generating sequence, are easier to be implemented in hardware than widely used random measurement matrices; however, the diminishment of randomness makes it more sensitive to signal noise. Selecting a deterministic sequence with optimal periodic autocorrelation property (PACP) as generating sequence, would enhance the noise robustness of circulant measurement matrix, but this kind of deterministic circulant matrices only exists in the fixed periodic length. Actually, the selection of generating sequence doesn't affect the compressive performance of circulant measurement matrix but the subspace energy in spectrally sparse signals. Sparse circulant matrices, whose generating sequence is a sparse sequence, could keep the energy balance of subspaces and have similar noise robustness to deterministic circulant matrices. In addition, sparse circulant matrices have no restriction on length and are more suitable for the compressed sampling of spectrally sparse signals at arbitrary dimensionality.
A Lévy Based Approach to Random Vector Fields: With a View Towards Turbulence
Authors: Hedevang Emil , Schmiegel Jürgen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Using integration of deterministic, matrix-valued functions with respect to vector-valued, volatility modulated Lévy bases, we construct random vector fields on R

n
. In the statistically homogeneous case, the vector field is given as a convolution. With applications to turbulence in mind, the convolution kernel is expressed in terms of the energy spectrum. The theory is applied to atmospheric boundary layer turbulence where, in particular, the Shkarofsky correlation family (a generalisation of the Matérn correlation family) is shown to fit the data well. A modification of the Shkarofsky correlation family, which reproduces a more rigorously derived result on the small-scale behaviour of fully developed turbulence, is introduced. Since turbulence possesses structure across a wide range of length scales, simulation is non-trivial. Using a smooth partition of unity, a simple algorithm is derived to decompose the simulation problem into computationally tractable subproblems. Applications within the wind energy industry are suggested.
Detection of inborn errors of metabolism using GC-MS: over 3 years of experience in southern China
Authors: Jiang MinYan , Liu Li , Mei HuiFen , Li XiuZhen , Cheng Jing , Cai YanNa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInborn errors of metabolism (IEM) have been detected worldwide using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) since the 1980s, but few related reports exist on the incidence, spectrum, and clinical presentation features of IEM in southern China.From January 2009 to March 2012, 16,075 urine samples were collected from patients who were highly suspected of having IEM in Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center. The specimens were evaluated using GC-MS.We diagnosed 303 cases of IEM by urine GC-MS analysis, including 197 cases with amino acid disorders, 86 cases with organic acidurias (OAs), 10 cases with fatty acid oxidative (FAO) disorders, and 10 cases with peroxisomal disorders. Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) was the most common (153 cases), followed by methylmalonic aciduria (48 cases), urea cycle disorders (21 cases), phenylketonuria (20 cases), propionic aciduria (11 cases), X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (10 cases), multiple carboxylase deficiency (8 cases), glutaric aciduria type I (7 cases), isovaleric aciduria (6 cases), glutaric aciduria type II (4 cases), short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (4 cases), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria (3 cases), maple syrup urine disease (2 cases), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1 case), malonic aciduria (1 case), mevalonic aciduria (1 case), Canavan disease (1 case), lysine protein intolerance (1 case), and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1 case). The clinical and laboratory features of IEM are neurologic signs, jaundice, metabolic acidosis, ketotic hypoglycemia, and hyperammonemia.In our study, GC-MS provided a diagnostic clue to OAs, amino acid disorders, FAO, and peroxisomal disorders. Urease pretreatment is useful for the diagnosis of NICCD. In southern China, the majority of IEM were amino acid disorders and organic acid disorders. FAO disorders were relatively rare, which we need to investigate further.
Enhanced Raman scattering in graphene by plasmonic resonant Stokes emission
Authors: Ghamsari Behnood G. , Olivieri Anthony , Variola Fabio , Berini Pierre 
Published: October 2014

AbstractExploiting surface plasmon polaritons to enhance interactions between graphene and light has recently attracted much interest. In particular, nonlinear optical processes in graphene can be dramatically enhanced and controlled by plasmonic nanostructures. This work demonstrates Raman scattering enhancement in graphene based on plasmonic resonant enhancement of the Stokes emission, and compares this mechanism with the conventional Raman enhancement by resonant pump absorption. Arrays of optical nanoantennas with different resonant frequency are utilized to independently identify the effects of each mechanism on Raman scattering in graphene via the measured enhancement factor and its spectral linewidth. We demonstrate that, while both mechanisms offer large enhancement factors (scattering cross-section gains of 160 and 20 for individual nanoantennas, respectively), they affect the graphene Raman spectrum quite differently. Our results provide a benchmark to assess and quantify the role and merit of each mechanism in surface-plasmon-mediated Raman scattering in graphene, and may be employed for design and realization of a variety of graphene optoelectronic devices involving nonlinear optical processes.
Complementizers in the German-language Sprachinsel of Deutschpilsen/Nagybörzsöny (Hungary)
Authors: Nagy Gizella Baloghné , Márkus Éva 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The study provides a sketch of the complementizer system of the German language island Deutschpilsen (Hungary). After laying out the basic facts, the structural position of subordinating items in the embedded clause is discussed, also in comparison to the contact language, Hungarian. The second main issue is the systematic distribution of inversion, verb-second and verb-final word order in embedded clauses. Regarding the tendency of embedded-V2, a parallel is drawn between the analyzed dialect and Standard German. In all cases, the minor influence of Hungarian as the host contact language is examined.
On asymmetric pro-drop in Mòcheno. Pinning down the role of contact in the maintenance of a root-embedded asymmetry
Authors: Cognola Federica 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this article I demonstrate that in two varieties of Mòcheno, a German dialect spoken by about 600 people in the Fersina valley (Trentino, Northern Italy), referential null subjects can be licensed in main, but not in embedded clauses. This particular root-embedded asymmetry, known as “asymmetric
pro-drop” (Benincà 1984), had until now been considered to be fully absent from modern Romance (Benincà 2006) and German varieties (cf. Volodina & Weiß 2012). Through an examination of Old High German, Old Italian and modern Romance varieties, I show that asymmetric pro-drop is not an innovation introduced by contact with modern Romance varieties, but must be considered a conservative feature of older German varieties that has probably been maintained because it is shared with older Romance varieties (cf. Benincà 1994).
Natural Variation atsympathy for the liguleControls Penetrance of the SemidominantLiguleless narrow-RMutation inZea mays
Authors: Buescher Elizabeth M , Moon Jihyun , Runkel Anne , Hake Sarah , Dilkes Brian P 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeaf architecture determines plant structural integrity, light harvesting, and economic considerations such as plant density. Ligules, junctions at the leaf sheath and blade in grasses, protect stalks from environmental stresses and, in conjunction with auricles, controls leaf angle. Previous studies in mutants have recessive liguleless mutants (lg1 and lg2) and dominant mutations in knotted1-like homeobox genes (Lg3-O, Lg4, and Kn1) involved in ligule development. Recently, a new semidominant liguleless mutant, Liguleless narrow (Lgn-R), has been characterized in maize that affects ligule and auricle development and results in a narrow leaf phenotype. We show that quantitative genetic variation affects penetrance of Lgn-R. To examine the genetic architecture underlying Lgn-R expressivity, crosses between Lgn-R/+ mutants in a B73 background and intermated B73 x Mo17 recombinant inbred lines were evaluated in multiple years and locations. A single main-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1 (sympathy for the ligule; sol) was discovered with a Mo17-contributed allele that suppressed Lgn-R mutant phenotypes. This QTL has a genetic-interaction with a locus on chromosome 7 (lucifer; lcf) for which the B73-contributed allele increases the ability of the solMo17 allele to suppress Lgn-R. Neither of the genetic intervals likely to contain sol or lcf overlap with any current liguleless genes nor with previously identified genome-wide association QTL connected to leaf architecture. Analysis of phenotypes across environments further identified a genotype by enviroment interaction determining the strength of the sol x lcf interaction.