bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Job scheduling in the Expert Cloud based on genetic algorithms
Authors: Jafari Navimipour Nima , Masoud Rahmani Amir , Habibizad Navin Ahmad , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Expert Cloud as a new class of Cloud computing systems enables its users to request the skill, knowledge and expertise of people by employing internet infrastructures and Cloud computing concepts without any information of their location. Job scheduling is one of the most important issue in Expert Cloud and impacts on its efficiency and customer satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to propose an applicable method based on genetic algorithm for job scheduling in Expert Cloud.

Design/methodology/approach
– Because of the nature of the scheduling issue as a NP-Hard problem and the success of genetic algorithm in optimization and NP-Hard problems, the authors used a genetic algorithm to schedule the jobs on human resources in Expert Cloud. In this method, chromosome or candidate solutions are represented by a vector; fitness function is calculated based on response time; one point crossover and swap mutation are also used.

Findings
– The results indicate that the proposed method can schedule the received jobs in appropriate time with high accuracy in comparison to common methods (First Come First Served, Shortest Process Next and Highest Response Ratio Next). Also the proposed method has better performance in term of total execution time, service+wait time, failure rate and Human Resource utilization rate in comparison to common methods.

Originality/value
– In this paper the job scheduling issue in Expert Cloud is pointed out and the approach to resolve the problem is applied into a practical example.
Semantic Category theory and Semantic Intertwine: the anathema of mathematics
Authors: St Quinton John 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The recent scientific observation that human information processing involves four independent data types, has pinpointed a source of fallacious arguments within many domains of human thought. The species-unique ability to assign observable characteristics to purely conceptual entities has created beautiful poetry and literature. However, this ability to generate “Semantic Intertwine” has also created the most incomprehensible paradoxes and conundrums. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semantic Intertwine can be created between, or within, Semantic Categories; and in either case it then lies at the heart of fallacious, yet often very persuasive, reasoning.

Findings
– This paper describes how to detect mathematically related Semantic Intertwine in erroneous arguments involving: operands (VIII), mathematical induction (VIIA), orthogonal axiom sets (VIIB), continuous functions (VIIA), exclusive disjunction (VIIA), propositional calculus (VI) and the hitherto thorny problems arising from ambiguous intra-category use of “infinity” (VIIB).

Originality/value
– The applications of Semantic Category Analysis (SCA) are manifold. Determine the Semantic Categories involved in an argument and their modes of combination, and any Semantic Intertwine revealed pinpoints erroneous reasoning. SCA can be applied to any domain of human thought.
Managing breaches of containment and eradication of invasive plant populations
Authors: Fletcher Cameron S. , Westcott David A. , Murphy Helen T. , Grice Anthony C. , Clarkson John R. 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Containment can be a viable strategy for managing invasive plants, but it is not always cheaper than eradication. In many cases, converting a failed eradication programme to a containment programme is not economically justified. Despite this, many contemporary invasive plant management strategies invoke containment as a fallback for failed eradication, often without detailing how containment would be implemented.

We demonstrate a generalized analysis of the costs of eradication and containment, applicable to any plant invasion for which infestation size, dispersal distance, seed bank lifetime and the economic discount rate are specified. We estimate the costs of adapting eradication and containment in response to six types of breach and calculate under what conditions containment may provide a valid fallback to a breached eradication programme.

We provide simple, general formulae and plots that can be applied to any invasion and show that containment will be cheaper than eradication only when the size of the occupied zone exceeds a multiple of the dispersal distance determined by seed bank longevity and the discount rate. Containment becomes proportionally cheaper than eradication for invaders with smaller dispersal distances, longer lived seed banks, or for larger discount rates.

Both containment and eradication programmes are at risk of breach. Containment is less exposed to risk from reproduction in the ‘occupied zone’ and three types of breach that lead to a larger ‘occupied zone’, but more exposed to one type of breach that leads to a larger ‘buffer zone’.

For a well‐specified eradication programme, only the three types of breach leading to reproduction in or just outside the buffer zone can justify falling back to containment, and only if the expected costs of eradication and containment were comparable before the breach.

Synthesis and applications. Weed management plans must apply a consistent definition of containment and provide sufficient implementation detail to assess its feasibility. If the infestation extent, dispersal capacity, seed bank longevity and economic discount rate are specified, the general results presented here can be used to assess whether containment can outperform eradication, and under what conditions it would provide a valid fallback to a breached eradication programme.
Host range expansion of native insects to exotic trees increases with area of introduction and the presence of congeneric native trees
Authors: Branco Manuela , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , Castagneyrol Bastien , Orazio Christophe , Jactel Hervé 
Published: October 2014

Summary

Exotic tree species are widely used in forest plantations for their often high productivity and performance compared to native trees. However, these advantages may be compromised by herbivore damage.

A list of European insect species that have expanded their host range to one of 28 exotic tree species introduced to Europe was compiled from a systematic literature review. The number of successful expansions was analysed using three predictors: (i) phylogenetic relatedness between exotic and European tree species; (ii) area covered by exotic tree species in Europe; and (iii) time since their introduction into Europe.

In total, 590 host expansions of native insects to exotic trees were found, mainly of polyphagous species (43%); 25% of the cases reported some type of damage. Bark and wood borers, and defoliators were the dominant guilds.

The number of recruited native insect species and cases where major damage occurred was positively correlated with the geographical extent of exotic trees in Europe and the presence of congeneric native trees.

Synthesis and applications. The use of exotic tree species creates opportunities for native insect herbivores to expand their host range and increase their damage if they are widely planted next to native congeners. Risk assessment studies are recommended when introducing new tree species for forestry plantations. Risk assessments should include trials on susceptibility to any potential damaging organisms in the introduced range.
Conjugated linoleic acid content in fermented goat milk as affected by the starter culture and the presence of free linoleic acid
Authors: Trigueros Lorena , Barber Xavier , Sendra Esther 
Published: October 2014

The effect of yoghurt starter cultures and probiotic Lactobacillus casei on the formation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and microbial populations of fermented goat milk was investigated during 35 days of cold storage. The addition of hydrolysed sunflower oil as a source of free linoleic acid was investigated. The fermentation process enhanced the content of the cis9, trans11‐CLA isomer in milk, whereas the trans10, cis12‐CLA isomer was not detected in goat milk or control fermented milks. The use of both starters generated trans10, cis12‐CLA only when hydrolysed sunflower oil was supplemented. Populations of streptococci and lactobacilli were affected by the presence of hydrolysed sunflower oil.
Therapeutic Spectrum of Nondigestible Oligosaccharides: Overview of Current State and Prospect
Authors: Kothari Damini , Patel Seema , Goyal Arun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFunctional oligosaccharides have emerged as valuable components of food and dietary supplements. Their resistance to digestion and fermentation by colonic microbes has given them the nutritional edge. Apart from implications as dietary fibers, sweeteners, and humectants, they are hailed as prebiotics. Their beneficial effects extend from antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiallergic, hypotensive, hyperlipemic, neuroprotective to anticancer. The rising popularity of bioactive oligosaccharides has accelerated the search for their generation from new, sustainable sources. The surfacing crucial role in healthcare and unprecedented demand necessitates deeper investigation. The present review embodies an overview on various aspects of production, properties with emphasis on therapeutic applications of functional oligosaccharides. The biological efficacy and possible mechanisms of action of oligosaccharides have also been discussed.
The Shelf Life of Farmed Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Roth Bjorn , Kramer Lene , Skuland Aase Vorre , Løvdal Trond , Øines Sigurd , Foss Atle , Imsland Albert Kjartansson 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA total of 18 farmed turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were slaughtered over 4 successive weeks in November 2012 and stored in polystyrene boxes with ice until analyzed. The fish were stored between 1 and 22 d and presented to a taste panel and further analyzed for quality index method (QIM), microbiological analysis by real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR), taste, pH, color by computer imaging, protein denaturation with differential scanner calorimeter (DSC), texture hardness, and shear force. Results show small, but significant changes in physical and visual attributes such as texture and color. No gaping was observed. Only small changes in texture were observed explained by lack of myosin denaturation. The fillets became more white and yellow during storage, whereas the major changes occurred during the 1st week. A panel evaluating QIM and taste could not distinguish major differences in appearance and taste and over 15 d storage period, but were able to quantify the age by smell. Analysis of microorganisms on the epidermis displayed growth of Carnobacterium maltaromaticum, potentially inhibiting growth of other spoilage bacteria. Fish stored for 22 d were rejected by the taste panel caused by a stale smell and taste, but not bitter or rancid. It is concluded that turbot has a shelf life of at least 16 d.
THE 2013 ANTIPODE RGS‐IBG LECTURE New Materialisms and Neoliberal Natures
Authors: Braun Bruce 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe rise of non‐deterministic understandings of nature, with their emphasis on intensive difference and non‐linear processes, has occurred in conjunction with the neoliberalization of environmental governance, which at once emphasizes and financializes the inherent productivity of nature. This paper accepts the position that there is a link between the two, but argues that if we are to maintain a crucial ontological distinction between capital and non‐capital, this link must be understood as contingent rather than necessary. Drawing upon Deleuze and Guattari's concept of “universal history”, I argue that the neoliberalization of nature must be understood, in part, as the strategic containment of the critical energies of new materialist thought, and that the role of critical historiography is to recognize within processes of containment the contents and qualities of more radical possibilities. If such critical efforts are to succeed they must continually distinguish between nature's innovative force and the mechanisms that seek to capture this force in the service of capital and state. In turn, if we are to remember the radical potential of these ideas, the neoliberalization of nature must be understood as a response to these critical energies, and not their origin.
Scientific aesthetics: Three steps forward
Authors: Chatterjee Anjan 
Published: October 2014

Leder and Nadal (2014, this issue) examine the current state of scientific aesthetics through the lens of a prescient psychological model proposed 10 years ago. These retrospective points to several future directions of which I touch on three: the nature of aesthetic emotions, the time course of emotions in aesthetic episodes, and the relationship of art and evolution.
Living with a brother who has an Autism Spectrum Disorder: a sister's perspective
Authors: Connell Zara O. , Halloran Maeve O. , Doody Owen 
Published: October 2014

Accessible summary

The relationship between brothers and sisters starts from infancy and is possibly the longest lasting relationship.

Many people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remain within the family home and are cared for by their family.

This article describes a sister's experience of growing up with her brother who has ASD

SummaryPeople with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are born into families and influence family functioning both positively and negatively. One of the most enduring relationships a person with ASD will have is their relationship with a brother or sister. Services for people with ASD should provide effective support to families, which include brothers, sisters, parents and broader family members and address the needs of the family as a whole in a holistic manner. This article outlines one sister's experience and reflections of growing up with her brother who has ASD. The article gives a voice to a sibling's experience and highlights the importance of brothers and sisters as part of the family unit in assisting parents.
Breast cancer risk in MEN1 – a cancer genetics perspective
Authors: Brennan Paul 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe tumour spectrum associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) has been known for many years. New data suggest that females with MEN1 may face an additional, hitherto unrecognized, risk of early‐onset breast cancer. The menin protein is certainly known to have a role in regulating oestrogen receptor activity; but how robust are the data linking MEN1 to breast cancer? This article examines the published data from the viewpoint of a cancer geneticist and considers whether there really is a justifiable indication for enhanced breast surveillance in women with MEN1.
Achieving Open Access to Conservation Science
Authors: FULLER RICHARD A. , LEE JASMINE R. , WATSON JAMES E. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractConservation science is a crisis discipline in which the results of scientific enquiry must be made available quickly to those implementing management. We assessed the extent to which scientific research published since the year 2000 in 20 conservation science journals is publicly available. Of the 19,207 papers published, 1,667 (8.68%) are freely downloadable from an official repository. Moreover, only 938 papers (4.88%) meet the standard definition of open access in which material can be freely reused providing attribution to the authors is given. This compares poorly with a comparable set of 20 evolutionary biology journals, where 31.93% of papers are freely downloadable and 7.49% are open access. Seventeen of the 20 conservation journals offer an open access option, but fewer than 5% of the papers are available through open access. The cost of accessing the full body of conservation science runs into tens of thousands of dollars per year for institutional subscribers, and many conservation practitioners cannot access pay‐per‐view science through their workplace. However, important initiatives such as Research4Life are making science available to organizations in developing countries. We urge authors of conservation science to pay for open access on a per‐article basis or to choose publication in open access journals, taking care to ensure the license allows reuse for any purpose providing attribution is given. Currently, it would cost $51 million to make all conservation science published since 2000 freely available by paying the open access fees currently levied to authors. Publishers of conservation journals might consider more cost effective models for open access and conservation‐oriented organizations running journals could consider a broader range of options for open access to nonmembers such as sponsorship of open access via membership fees.Obtención de Acceso Abierto a la Ciencia de la Conservación
Elevation of biomarkers and long‐term outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Slimani Alisson , Hanet Claude , Jamart Jacques , Gabriel Laurence , Guedes Antoine , Dangoisse Vincent , Galanti Laurence M. , Schroeder Erwin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe impact of an elevation of cardiac biomarkers occurring after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on long‐term outcome remains controversial. Most available data are based on observational registries using multivariable analysis. In this study, a case–control approach was used to assess separately the impact of post‐PCI elevation of CK‐MB on the short‐term in‐hospital outcome and on the long‐term outcome after hospital discharge.MethodsBetween 1 January 1996 and 31 December 2008, a postprocedural rise of CK‐MB was observed in 363 among 8346 consecutive PCI procedures (4·3%). The overall in‐hospital mortality for patients with or without CK‐MB elevation after PCI was 8·5% and 1·5%, respectively (P < 0·001). For 245 hospital survivors with CK‐MB elevation, we found 245 control cases matched for 9 relevant clinical parameters in our PCI database during the same period. The long‐term survival of these patients was assessed by KM estimates.ResultsDespite an increased in‐hospital mortality among patients with periprocedural elevation of CK‐MB, the long‐term outcome of patients who are discharged alive is independent of CK‐MB release, curves of overall survival and of survival free of recurrence of myocardial infarction being similar up to 10 years after hospital discharge.ConclusionsIn our population, the elevation of CK‐MB after PCI identified a high‐risk subgroup for in‐hospital mortality but had no impact on the long‐term prognosis, once the patient is discharged alive from the hospital.
Variations in mouthguard thickness according to fabrication method
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru , Takahashi Mutsumi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine differences in mouthguard thickness according to the method used to form the mouthguard sheet in a combination vacuum‐pressure former.Materials and methodsThe material used in this study was a mouthguard sheet of 3.8‐mm ethylene vinyl acetate. Three forming methods were used: vacuum‐forming, vacuum‐pressure‐forming, and pressure‐forming. The sheets were formed when heating causing them to displace 15 mm from baseline. We measured mouthguard thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor, the buccal surface of the first molar, and the occlusal surface of the first molar. Differences in thickness in different regions of mouthguards formed under different conditions were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and the Bonferroni method.ResultsWe found that mouthguard thickness differed in different regions of the central incisors and the first molars (P < 0.01). The incisal (cusp) region was thinner than the cervical region. There were significant differences in the thicknesses of vacuum‐formed mouthguards and vacuum‐pressure‐formed mouthguards (P < 0.05), with the vacuum‐forming method resulting in thinner guards than the vacuum‐pressure‐forming method. Mouthguard thickness at the first molar did not differ according to the forming method.ConclusionsOur results suggest that mouthguard thickness at the anterior teeth varies with different forming methods. This information is important when selecting a mouthguard‐forming method.
Examination of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale factor structure and longitudinal relationships with functioning in early psychosis
Authors: Best Michael W. , Grossman Michael , Oyewumi L. Kola , Bowie Christopher R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimWe examined the factor structure of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in early‐episode psychosis and its relationships with functioning at baseline and follow‐up.MethodsA total of 240 consecutive admissions to an early intervention in psychosis clinic were assessed at intake to the program with the PANSS, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Seventy individuals were reassessed at follow‐up. A maximum likelihood factor analysis was conducted on baseline PANSS scores and the ability of each factor to predict baseline and follow‐up GAF and SOFAS was examined.ResultsA five‐factor model with varimax rotation was the best fit to our data and was largely congruent with factors found previously. The negative symptom factor was the best predictor of GAF and SOFAS at baseline and follow‐up.ConclusionNegative symptoms are the best symptomatic predictor of functioning in individuals with early psychosis and are an important treatment target to improve recovery.
Genus Mantillica Westwood, 1889: rediscovery and review of the Amazonian “ant‐mantis” (Mantodea: Thespidae: Oligonicinae)
Authors: Agudelo Antonio A. , Rafael José A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe taxonomy of the Neotropical “ant‐mantis” Mantillica Westwood, 1889 is revised and the external morphology is re‐described. The genus Mantillica (Thespidae: Oligonicinae: Oligonicini) contains only one currently known species, M. nigricans Westwood, 1889. Mantillica sialidea Westwood, 1889 is transferred to the genus Thrinaconyx Saussure as Thrinaconyx sialidea (Westwood, 1889) comb. n. A description of the female and the male external genitalia of M. nigricans is presented, including some aspects of its ant‐mimicry adaptation. Remarkable characteristics of Mantillica include the short pronotum and notable myrmecomorphic features in nymphs and females. This species likely belongs to a Batesian mimic complex that include the aggressive Neoponera apicalis (Latreille) ant models. The known distribution of Mantillica is restricted to the Brazilian Amazon, which suggests M. nigricans as endemic of this region, probably with additional populations in the Amazonian areas of Colombia, Peru and Venezuela.