bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel [PNP] Pincer Amido Complexes by N–H Activation
Authors: Zhao Hua , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Shumiao , Sun Hongjian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe N–H bond activation product [PNP]‐FeI(PMe3)2 (2) was obtained at room temperature by the reaction of diphosphinito [PNP] pincer ligand ((Ph2P(C6H4))2NH (1)) with Fe(PMe3)4. Treatment of 1 with Co(PMe3)4, CoCl(PMe3)3 and CoMe(PMe3)4 afforded the same N–H bond activation product [PNP]‐CoI(PMe3)2 (3). In order to have a better understanding of the mechanism of formation of 3, in situ IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations were conducted.The reaction of 1 with Ni(PMe3)4 afforded the ligand replacement complex 4 while a [PNP]‐NiIIMe complex 5 was obtained via deprotonation through the reaction of 1 with NiMe2(PMe3)3. The molecular structures of 2–4 were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Characterization of a Series of Iron(II) Coordination Frameworks with 2, 6‐Bis(1, 2,4‐triazole‐4‐yl)pyridine
Authors: Liu Yue , Huo Jian Zhong , Liu Yuan Yuan , Su XiuMei , Guo Jian Hua , Ding Bin , Wang Xiu Guang , Xia Jun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBased on the bis‐triazole ligand 2, 6‐bis(1, 2,4‐triazole‐4‐yl)pyridine (L), the triazole‐iron(II) complexes [Fe(L)2(dca)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) (Nadca = sodium dicyanamide), {[Fe(μ2‐L)2(H2O)2]Cl2}n (2), and {[Fe(μ2‐L)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2·L·H2O}n (3) were isolated by solvent diffusion methods. When iron(II) salts and Nadca were used, compound 1 was isolated, which contains mononuclear Fe(L)2(dca)2(H2O)2 units. When FeCl2 or FeClO4 were used, one‐dimensional (1D) cation iron(II) chains (2) and two‐dimensional (2D) cation iron(II) networks (3) were isolated indicating anion directing structural diversity. Moreover, variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility data of 1–3 were recorded in the temperature range 2–300 K. The magnetic curve of complex 2 was fitted by using the classical spin Heisenberg chain model indicating anti‐ferromagnetic interactions (J = –5.31 cm–1). Obviously complexes 1–3 show no detectable thermal spin crossover behaviors, the lack of spin‐crossover behavior may be correlated with FeN4O2 coordination spheres in 1–3.
Fatty alcohols production by oleaginous yeast
Authors: Fillet Sandy , Gibert Jordi , Suárez Beatriz , Lara Armando , Ronchel Carmen , Adrio José L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We have engineered Rhodosporidium toruloides to produce fatty alcohols by expressing a fatty acyl-CoA reductase from Marinobacter aquaeolei VT8. Production of fatty alcohols in flasks was achieved in different fermentation media at titers ranging from 0.2 to 2 g/L. In many of the conditions tested, more than 80 % of fatty alcohols were secreted into the cultivation broth. Through fed-batch fermentation in 7 L bioreactors, over 8 g/L of C16–C18 fatty alcohols were produced using sucrose as the substrate. This is the highest titer ever reported on microbial production of fatty alcohols to date.
Expression and display of a novel thermostable esterase fromClostridium thermocellumon the surface ofBacillus subtilisusing the CotB anchor protein
Authors: Chen Huayou , Zhang Tianxi , Jia Jinru , Vastermark Ake , Tian Rui , Ni Zhong , Chen Zhi , Chen Keping , Yang Shengli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEsterases expressed in microbial hosts are commercially valuable, but their applications are limited due to high costs of production and harsh industrial processes involved. In this study, the esterase-DSM (from Clostridium thermocellum) was expressed and successfully displayed on the spore surface, and the spore-associated esterase was confirmed by western blot analysis and activity measurements. The optimal temperature and pH of spore surface-displayed DSM was 60 and 8.5 °C, respectively. It also demonstrates a broad temperature and pH optimum in the range of 50–70, 7–9.5 °C. The spore surface-displayed esterase-DSM retained 78, 68 % of its original activity after 5 h incubation at 60 and 70 °C, respectively, which was twofold greater activity than that of the purified DSM. The recombinant spores has high activity and stability in DMSO, which was 49 % higher than the retained activity of the purified DSM in DMSO (20 % v/v), and retained 65.2 % of activity after 7 h of incubation in DMSO (20 % v/v). However, the recombinant spores could retain 77 % activity after 3 rounds of recycling. These results suggest that enzyme displayed on the surface of the Bacillus subtilis spore could serve as an effective approach for enzyme immobilization.
Newborn Screening for Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Views of Genetic Healthcare Providers
Authors: Lisi Emily C. , McCandless Shawn E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), lysosomal enzyme deficiencies causing multi‐system organ damage, have come to the forefront in newborn screening (NBS) initiatives due to new screening technologies and emerging treatments. We developed a qualitative discussion tool to explore opinions of genetic healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding population‐based NBS for MPS types 1 and 2, Pompe, Gaucher, Fabry, and Krabbe diseases. Thirty‐eight telephone interviews conducted by a single researcher were analyzed and coded for thematic trends. Six major themes emerged: 1) treatment availability and efficacy is crucial; 2) early age of disease onset is important; 3) ambiguity regarding prognosis is undesirable; 4) parents’ ability to make reproductive decisions is seen by some as a benefit of NBS; 5) paucity of resources for follow‐up exists; and 6) the decision‐making process for adding conditions to mandated NBS is concerning to HCPs. Among the LSDs discussed, Pompe was considered most appropriate, and Krabbe least appropriate, for NBS. MPS1 and MPS2 were overall considered favorably for screening, but MPS1 ranked higher, due to a perception of better efficacy of therapeutic options. Fabry and Gaucher diseases were viewed less favorably due to later age of onset. The themes identified in this study must be addressed by decision‐makers in expanding NBS for LSDs and may be applied to many diseases being considered for NBS in the future.
Contemporary and future distribution patterns of fluvial vegetation under different climate change scenarios and implications for integrated water resource management
Authors: Rocha João , Hughes Samantha Jane , Almeida Paulo , Garcia‐Cabral Isabel , Amich Franciso , Crespí António L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKnowledge of plant community structure and how it can confer resistance to climate change effects is required for the management of fluvial ecosystems. Findings from such studies can be applied in decision making processes to implement measures to maintain, conserve or improve fluvial quality. Floristic and environmental data from 100 sample stations located in three River Basin Districts in northern Portugal were gathered as part of the 2010 Water Framework Directive monitoring program carried out on mainland Portugal. Three habitat types were characterized based on the flow dynamic level: the wetted channel, the bankfull area and the riparian gallery. Hierarchical cluster analysis of environmental data revealed three distinct environmental groups of sites. Floristic data were organized by these environmental groups characterized by altitudinal, temperature and precipitation data variables. The combination of taxonomic diversity and species frequency reflect functional differences for these habitats, here explained by a resistance and resilience approach. More low‐frequency species and higher levels of functional diversity occurred at stations with more variable environmental conditions. Predictive modelling of the future distribution of the three environmental groups under two different climate scenarios supported the relevance of low‐frequency traits in conferring resistance to climatic change effects.
High‐Fat Diet Alters Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Obesity Prone Rats: Implications for InVitro Studies
Authors: Liu Tzu‐Wen , Heden Timothy D. , Matthew Morris E. , Fritsche Kevin L. , Vieira‐Potter Victoria J. , Thyfault John P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh‐fat diets (HFD) are commonly used in rodents to induce obesity, increase serum fatty acids and induce lipotoxicity in various organs. Invitro studies commonly utilize individual free fatty acids (FFA) to study lipid exposure in an effort to model what is occurring in vivo; however, these approaches are not physiological as tissues are exposed to multiple fatty acids in vivo. Here we characterize circulating lipids in obesity‐prone rats fed an HFD in both fasted and fed states with the goal of developing physiologically relevant fatty acid mixtures for subsequent in vitro studies. Rats were fed an HFD (60 % kcal fat) or a control diet (10 % kcal fat) for 3 weeks; liver tissue and both portal and systemic blood were collected. Fatty acid profiles and absolute concentrations of triglycerides (TAG) and FFA in the serum and TAG, diacylglycerol (DAG) and phospholipids in the liver were measured. Surprisingly, both systemic and portal serum TAG were ~40 % lower in HFD‐fed compared to controls. Overall, compared to the control diet, HFD feeding consistently induced an increase in the proportion of circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a concomitant decline in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) in both serum TAG and FFA. The elevations of PUFA were mostly attributed to increases in n‐6 PUFA, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. In conclusion, fatty acid mixtures enriched with linoleic and arachidonic acid in addition to SFA and MUFA should be utilized for in vitro studies attempting to model lipid exposures that occur during in vivo HFD conditions.
Left behind or moving forward? Effects of possible selves and strategies to attain them among rural Chinese children
Authors: Bi Chongzeng , Oyserman Daphna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAre possible selves and strategies to attain them universally helpful even among children with few resources? We test this question in rural China. Rural Chinese children are commonly “left behind” (LB) by parents seizing economic opportunities by migrating, hoping the family will “move forward” and their children will attain their predestined better future. Media, teachers, and peers negatively represent LB children as unruly and undisciplined, with negative fates, making LB a negative stereotype that includes the idea of destiny or fate. Indeed, making the idea of LB salient increases children's fatalism (Study 1 n = 144, Study 2 n = 124). However, having strategies to attain possible future selves predicts better in‐class behavior, fewer depressive symptoms, and better exam performance even a year later and controlling for prior performance (Study 3 n = 176, Study 4 n = 145). Possible selves have mixed effects, not always predicting better grades and undermining LB children's self‐control.
Clearing Up the Table: Food Pedagogies and Environmental Education — Contributions, Challenges and Future Agendas
Authors: Swan Elaine , Flowers Rick 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn our paper, we draw on recent scholarship on food pedagogies and pedagogy studies to explore themes in the collection of articles in this special issue. In particular, we show how the articles variously conceptualise formal and informal pedagogies, their curricula, aims, and potential effects in relation to food and sustainability. Drawing on debates in pedagogy studies, we investigate how the papers reflect on what makes a pedagogy pedagogical. We then turn to food studies literature to identify how the articles in this special issue construct food as a theoretical and empirical object. Given food's multifaceted nature, which means that food works materially, biologically, economically, symbolically and socially, we explore which versions of food and its attributes are profiled across and within the articles. Inspired by critiques on race and class in relation to food and food social movements, in the final section of the paper we ask how the articles and future research on food and environmental education can take account of the racialised, gendered and classed dimensions of education for food sustainability. As part of our discussion, we evaluate the ethics of doing good, the moral economy educators reproduce in relation to class, race and gender, and the contribution feminism and critical race theory can make to future research agendas and writing in the field.
Association between dietary factors and plasma fetuin-A concentrations in the general population
Authors: Nimptsch Katharina , Janke Jürgen , Pischon Tobias , Linseisen Jakob 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCirculating fetuin-A, a novel marker for hepatic fat accumulation, has been related to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in a growing number of prospective studies. However, little is known about dietary determinants of fetuin-A concentrations in the general population. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake of energy, energy-providing nutrients, alcohol and major food groups and plasma fetuin-A concentrations in the Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II. Dietary intake was assessed by three 24-h dietary recalls, and plasma concentrations of fetuin-A were measured in 558 adults (18–81 years). After multivariable adjustment for lifestyle factors and body fatness, higher energy intake was nonsignificantly associated with higher fetuin-A concentrations (per 2092 kJ/d (500 kcal/d) 3·7 µg/ml, 95 % CI –0·5, 7·8 µg/ml). There was no clear association between energy-providing nutrients and fetuin-A concentrations. Higher alcohol intake was associated with lower fetuin-A concentrations (Ptrend 0·003): mean fetuin-A concentrations were 324 (95 % CI 313, 335) µg/ml in non-drinkers, and with 293 (95 % CI 281, 306) µg/ml significantly lower in participants who drank ≥30 g alcohol per d. Mean fetuin-A concentrations decreased across quintiles of milk and dairy product intake (lowest quintile 319 (95 % CI 309, 330) µg/ml; highest quintile 304 (95 % CI 293, 314) µg/ml; Ptrend 0·03), and each 150-g increment in milk/dairy products per d was associated with 5·6 (95 % CI –9·6, –1·5) µg/ml lower fetuin-A. Dietary intakes of vegetables, meat or fish were not associated with fetuin-A concentrations. Because of the preventive potential of our findings, further exploration is warranted.
A single serving of caffeinated coffee impairs postprandial glucose metabolism in overweight men
Authors: Robertson Tracey M. , Clifford Michael N. , Penson Simon , Chope Gemma , Robertson M. Denise 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrevious studies regarding the acute effects of coffee on glycaemic control have used a single large dose of coffee, typically containing the caffeine equivalent of 2–4 servings of coffee. This study investigates whether the acute effects of coffee are dose-dependent, starting with a single serving. A total of ten healthy overweight males participated in a two-part randomised double-blind cross-over study. In the first part, they ingested 2, 4 or 8 g instant decaffeinated coffee (DC) dissolved in 400 ml water with caffeine added in proportion to the DC (total 100, 200 or 400 mg caffeine) or control (400 ml water) all with 50 g glucose. In the second part, they ingested the same amounts of DC (2, 4, 8 g) or control, but with a standard 100 mg caffeine added to each. Capillary blood samples were taken every 15 min for 2 h after each drink and glucose and insulin levels were measured. Repeated measures ANOVA on glucose results found an effect when caffeine was varied in line with DC (P=0·008). Post hoc analysis revealed that both 2 and 4 g DC with varied caffeine content increased the glycaemic response v. control. There was no effect of escalating doses of DC when caffeine remained constant at 100 mg. These results demonstrate that one standard serving of coffee (2 g) is sufficient to affect glucose metabolism. Furthermore, the amount of caffeine found in one serving (100 mg) is sufficient to mask any potential beneficial effects of increasing other components. No dose-dependent effect was found.
INTERGENERATIONAL EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS AND CHILD OBESITY
Authors: Jones Antwan 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis study used US National Longitudinal Study of Youth data to explore how exposure to different socioeconomic conditions (proxied by maternal education) before birth can shape child weight. Using endogenous selection regression models, the findings suggest that educational selectivity affects weight gain. Mothers whose mothers graduated from high school were more likely to complete high school, and mothers reared in an intact family had higher levels of education. However, mothers who had given birth as a teenager had the same educational outcomes as mothers who gave birth in their post-teenage years. Based on this intergenerational educational selectivity, caretaking (e.g. breast-feeding) was found to be associated with a lower child body mass index (BMI), while negative maternal characteristics (e.g. mothers with high BMIs) were associated with higher child BMIs. Thus, educational selectivity influences child health through values passed on to the child and the lifestyle in which the child is reared. Maternal education may be tied to parenting, which relates to child obesity risk.
Changing indications for paediatric tracheostomy and the role of a multidisciplinary tracheostomy clinic
Authors: Yaneza M M C , James H P , Davies P , Harrison S , McAlorum L , Clement W A , Kubba H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective:This paper presents our experience of managing children with a tracheostomy in a multidisciplinary team clinic consisting of an ENT consultant, paediatric respiratory consultant, a nurse specialist, and speech and language therapist.Method:A retrospective case note review was conducted of all children seen in the multidisciplinary team tracheostomy clinic (at a tertiary paediatric hospital) between February 2009 and September 2014.Results:Ninety-seven patients were examined. The most common indications for tracheostomy were: lower airway and respiratory problems (66 per cent), upper airway obstruction (64 per cent), and neurodevelopmental problems (60.8 per cent).Conclusion:Children with a tracheostomy are a diverse group of patients. The most common indications for paediatric tracheostomy have changed from infective causes to airway obstruction and anomalies, long-term ventilation requirement, and underlying neuromuscular or respiratory problems. Our unified approach empowers the carers and patient, as a home management plan, long-term plan and goals are generated at the end of each appointment.
Myringoplasty outcomes in the UK
Authors: Phillips J S , Yung M W , Nunney I 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectives:To determine the outcome of myringoplasty as undertaken by ENT surgeons in the UK, and to assess the current systems available for providing national outcome data.Methods:A prospective national multicentre audit was conducted involving multiple hospitals throughout the UK. Participants consisted of ENT surgeons practising in the UK.Results:Data were prospectively collected over a three-year period between 1 March 2006 and 1 March 2009 using the web-based Common Otology Database. In total, 33 surgeons provided valid and complete data for 495 procedures. The overall closure rate for myringoplasty was 89.5 per cent. The average hearing gain for successful primary myringoplasties was 9.14 dB (standard deviation = 10.62). The Common Otology Database provided an effective platform for capturing outcome data.Conclusion:Myringoplasty is a safe and effective procedure in the UK. With the introduction of revalidation by the General Medical Council, participation in national audits will be mandatory in the future. This study demonstrates that a web-based audit tool would be suitable for performing such audits.
Can computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging differentiate between malignant pathology and osteomyelitis in the central skull base?
Authors: Lesser F D , Derbyshire S G , Lewis-Jones H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground:Central skull base osteomyelitis is clinically difficult to distinguish from malignancy.Method:The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans of six patients with central skull base osteomyelitis were compared with scans from patients with a range of skull base conditions.Results and conclusion:Computed tomography scans of central skull base osteomyelitis show much less bony destruction relative to the magnetic resonance imaging changes, whereas malignancy cases were associated with similar bony destruction on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In magnetic resonance imaging scans, it was possible to confirm previous findings of clival hypointensity on T1-weighted images relative to normal fatty marrow. In addition, there were signs of pre- and para-clival soft tissue infiltration, with the obliteration of normal fat planes and frank soft tissue masses in all six central skull base osteomyelitis patients. Signal intensity on T2-weighted images of the clivus was high in five central skull base osteomyelitis patients. With intravenous contrast, fascial plane anatomy appeared restored in central skull base osteomyelitis cases, almost in keeping with that of non-involved areas. This was not a feature in any of the malignant conditions.
Socially Differentiated Urban Flood Governance in Mexico: Ambiguous Negotiations and Fragmented Contestations
Authors: NYGREN ANJA 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCities around the world are developing new ways of governing risks and vulnerabilities. In the new flood-governance measures, technological risk-prevention is linked to programmes of social resilience and cultural adaptation. By focusing on the catastrophic floods in the city of Villahermosa, Mexico, this article argues that new flood-governance strategies rely on complicated forms of neoliberal governance, in which flood governance is turned into a matter of adaptation and self-responsibilisation, while scant attention is paid to the socio-spatial distribution of vulnerabilities. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in three socially differentiated neighbourhoods of Villahermosa, this article demonstrates how flood-governance strategies and the residents' responses to them vary across the city and how the production of flood risk is connected to the uneven production of urban space. The institutional acts of governing aim to render certain population groups governable, whilst being unable to eradicate dispersed contestation efforts.