bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain tumor classification for combining the advantages of multilayer dense net‐based feature extraction and hyper‐parameters tuned attentive dual residual generative adversarial network classifier using wild horse optimization
Authors: Anantharajan Shenbagarajan , Gunasekaran Shenbagalakshmi , Sujana J. Angela Jennifa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, attentive dual residual generative adversarial network optimized using wild horse optimization algorithm for brain tumor detection (ADRGAN‐WHOA‐BTD) is proposed. Here, the input imageries are gathered using BraTS, RemBRANDT, and Figshare datasets. Initially, the images are preprocessed to increase the quality of images and eliminate the unwanted noises. The preprocessing is performed with dual‐tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT). The image features like geodesic data and texture features like contrasts, energy, correlations, homogeneity, and entropy are extracted using multilayer dense net methods. Then, the extracted images are given to attentive dual residual generative adversarial network (ADRGAN) classifier for classifying the brain imageries. The ADRGAN weight parameters are tuned based on wild horse optimization algorithm (WHOA). The proposed method is executed in MATLAB. For the BraTS dataset, the ADRGAN‐WHOA‐BTD method achieved accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, F‐measure, precision, and error rates of 99.85%, 99.82%, 98.92%, 99.76%, 99.45%, and 0.15%, respectively. Then, the proposed technique demonstrated a runtime of 13 s, significantly outperforming existing methods.
The State of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Care in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Elwell Zachary , Candelo Estephania , Srinivasan Tarika , Nuss Sarah , Zalaquett Nader , Tuyishimire Gratien , Ncogoza Isaie , Jean‐Gilles Patrick Marc , Legbo Jacob Ndas , Tollefson Travis , Shaye David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aims to contribute a descriptive analysis of the craniomaxillofacial trauma (CMF trauma) literature in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) to identify knowledge gaps, direct future research, and inform policy.Data SourcesPubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Review, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar from January 1, 2012 to December 10, 2023.Review MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guided reporting, and the PRISMA flowchart documented database searches. Specific, predefined search terms and inclusion criteria were used for screening, and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist was used for quality assessment. The search yielded 54 articles, with 13 meeting the inclusion criteria. Key findings were summarized and divided into 7 categories.ResultsThere were 10,420 patients (7739 [74.3%] male, 2681 [25.7%] female) with a male‐to‐female ratio of 2.9:1. The mean peak age of incidence of CMF trauma was 30.8 years, ranging from 20 to 40 years. Road traffic accidents were the leading cause (60.4%), followed by assault (27.2%) and falls (12.2%). The most common injuries were soft tissue injury (31.7%), isolated mandibular fracture (22.8%), and isolated middle‐third of mandible fracture (18.1%). The most common treatments were closed reduction and immobilization (29.5%), conservative management (27.6%), and open reduction and internal fixation (19.6%). Most patients (77.8%) experienced a treatment delay due to a lack of fixation materials (54.8%) or surgeon unavailability (35.7%).ConclusionCMF trauma remains a significant cause of global morbidity, yet there remains a lack of high‐quality, CMF trauma‐specific data in LMICs. Country‐specific investigations are required to enhance knowledge and inform novel interventions. Implementing policy change must be community‐specific and account for unique cultural barriers, attitudes, and behaviors to maximize patient care outcomes.
Microscale modeling of damage mechanisms in dual‐phase steel DP800
Authors: Niehüser Alexander , Mosler Jörn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDual‐phase steels are very popular in the automotive industry due to their high strength while maintaining good formability. The macroscopic formability of this polycrystalline material is governed by deformations and damage mechanisms at the microscale. To describe the mechanical properties associated with these mechanisms, a crystal plasticity theory is coupled with interface models and integrated into representative volume elements (RVEs) of DP800 in a thermodynamically consistent manner. The interface models capture decohesion at the grain boundaries via a cohesive interface model as well as the initiation and propagation of micro‐cracks (damage) within the quasi‐brittle martensite phase via a phase‐field approach. In this contribution, the focus lies on the conceptual framework combining above models in a finite element setting. Furthermore, the interaction and activation of the different (damage) mechanisms will be shown in order to highlight the predictive capabilities of the presented framework.
Modeling and simulation of simultaneous transport and incompressible flows on all level sets in a bulk domain
Authors: Fries Thomas‐Peter , Kaiser Michael W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMechanical models and a finite element approach for the simultaneous solution of transport and incompressible flows on all (curved) level sets over some bulk domain are proposed. A level‐set function is used to define a set of ‐dimensional curved manifolds which are bounded by the ‐dimensional bulk domain. For the numerical analysis, the bulk domain is discretized using ‐dimensional finite elements which do not conform to the level sets implying the domains of interest. The resulting method was coined Bulk Trace FEM before and numerical studies confirm optimal higher‐order convergence rates for the proposed method when the bulk models feature sufficiently smooth solutions.
Standardization of coding definitions for sickle cell disease complications: A systematic literature review
Authors: Ericksen Paulette Negron , Dabbous Firas , Ghosh Rajrupa , Shah Surbhi , Sun Xunming , Meier Emily Riehm , Colavecchia Carmine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeSickle cell disease (SCD) affects all organ systems and is characterized by numerous acute and chronic complications and comorbidities. Standardized codes are needed for complications/comorbidities used in real‐world evidence (RWE) studies that rely on administrative and medical coding. This systematic literature review was conducted to produce a comprehensive list of complications/comorbidities associated with SCD, along with their diagnosis codes used in RWE studies.MethodsA search in MEDLINE and Embase identified studies published from 2016 to 2023. Studies were included if they were conducted in US SCD populations and reported complications/comorbidities and respective International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification (ICD‐CM) codes. All identified complications/comorbidities and codes were reviewed by a certified medical coding expert and hematologist.ResultsOf 1851 identified studies, 39 studies were included. The most reported complications/comorbidities were stroke, acute chest syndrome, pulmonary embolism, venous thromboembolism, and vaso‐occlusive crisis. Most of the studies used ICD‐9‐CM codes (n = 21), while some studies used ICD‐10‐CM codes (n = 3) or both (n = 15), depending on the study period. Most codes reported in literature were heterogeneous across complications/comorbidities. The medical coding expert and hematologist recommended modifications for several conditions.ConclusionWhile many studies we identified did not report their codes and were excluded from this review, the studies with codes exhibited diverse coding definitions. By providing a standardized set of diagnosis codes that were reported by studies and reviewed by a coding expert and hematologist, our review can serve as a foundation for accurately identifying complications/comorbidities in future research, and may reduce heterogeneity, enhance transparency, and improve reproducibility. Future efforts focused on validating these code lists are needed.
Pressure Cycling Technology Combined With MicroLC‐SWATH Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Sex‐Related Differences Between Male and Female Cerebella: A Promising Approach to Investigating Proteomics Differences in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Macur Katarzyna , Roszkowska Anna , Czaplewska Paulina , Miękus‐Purwin Natalia , Klejbor Ilona , Moryś Janusz , Bączek Tomasz 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposePressure cycling technology (PCT) coupled with data‐independent sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH‐MS) can be a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying biomarkers (e.g., proteins) in complex biological samples. Mouse models are frequently used in brain studies, including those focusing on different neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. More and more pieces of evidence have suggested that sex‐related differences in the brain impact the rates, clinical manifestations, and therapy outcomes of these disorders. However, sex‐based differences in the proteomic profiles of mouse cerebella have not been widely investigated.Experimental DesignIn this pilot study, we evaluate the applicability of coupling PCT sample preparation with microLC‐SWATH‐MS analysis to map and identify differences in the proteomes of two female and two male mice cerebellum samples.ResultsWe identified and quantified 174 proteins in mice cerebella. A comparison of the proteomic profiles revealed that the levels of 11 proteins in the female and male mice cerebella varied significantly.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceAlthough this study utilizes a small sample, our results indicate that the studied male and female mice cerebella possessed differing proteome compositions, mainly with respect to energy metabolism processes.
Evaluation of model‐integrated evidence approaches for pharmacokinetic bioequivalence studies using model averaging methods
Authors: Bjugård Nyberg Henrik , Chen Xiaomei , Donnelly Mark , Fang Lanyan , Zhao Liang , Karlsson Mats O. , Hooker Andrew C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConventional approaches for establishing bioequivalence (BE) between test and reference formulations using non‐compartmental analysis (NCA) may demonstrate low power in pharmacokinetic (PK) studies with sparse sampling. In this case, model‐integrated evidence (MIE) approaches for BE assessment have been shown to increase power, but may suffer from selection bias problems if models are built on the same data used for BE assessment. This work presents model averaging methods for BE evaluation and compares the power and type I error of these methods to conventional BE approaches for simulated studies of oral and ophthalmic formulations. Two model averaging methods were examined: bootstrap model selection and weight‐based model averaging with parameter uncertainty from three different sources, either from a sandwich covariance matrix, a bootstrap, or from sampling importance resampling (SIR). The proposed approaches increased power compared with conventional NCA‐based BE approaches, especially for the ophthalmic formulation scenarios, and were simultaneously able to adequately control type I error. In the rich sampling scenario considered for oral formulation, the weight‐based model averaging method with SIR uncertainty provided controlled type I error, that was closest to the target of 5%. In sparse‐sampling designs, especially the single sample ophthalmic scenarios, the type I error was best controlled by the bootstrap model selection method.
Thermodynamics of gaseous strontium and calcium cerates studied by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry and estimation of relative electron ionization cross‐section for CeO2(g)
Authors: Shugurov Sergey M. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Zhinkina Olga A. , Panin Andrej I. , Panina Natalia S. 
Published: August 2024

RationaleCeria‐based systems are of great interest because of their unique properties. Such systems may be used as anode materials for SOFCs or in oxygen sensors. The exploitation of these materials often requires high temperatures. In such conditions, the partial or complete evaporation of materials is possible. Therefore, knowledge of the values of partial pressures and thermodynamic properties is essential to predict and/or prevent possible consequences and accidents.MethodsKnudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to determine partial pressures of vapor species over the SrO–CeO2 and CaO‐CeO2 systems. Measurements of partial pressures were performed with a MS‐1301 mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using molybdenum or tungsten effusion cells. A theoretical study of gaseous strontium and calcium cerates was performed by several quantum chemical methods: density functional theory (DFT) M06, DFT PBE0, and MP2.ResultsThe minimum value of relative electron ionization cross‐section for CeO2 was estimated. In the temperature range of 2218–2249 K above the SrO‐CeO2 system and of 2128–2208 K above the CaO‐CeO2 system, gaseous M, MO, MO, CeO2, O, O2 and MCeO3 (M = Sr, Ca) were found. Energetically favorable structures of gaseous SrCeO3 and CaCeO3 were found, and vibrational frequencies were evaluated in the “rigid rotor‐harmonic oscillator” approximation. On the basis of the equilibrium constants of gaseous reaction MO + CeO2 = MCeO3, the standard formation enthalpy of gaseous SrCeO3 (−913 ± 26 kJ/mol) and of gaseous CaCeO3 (−917 ± 26 kJ/mol) at 298 K were determined.ConclusionsThe estimated value of relative electron ionization cross‐section for CeO2 is in agreement with the general rule applicable for dioxides. The stability of SrCeO3 and CaCeO3 gaseous species was confirmed by KEMS. Gas‐phase reactions involving gaseous SrO (CaO) and CeO2 with gaseous SrCeO3(CaCeO3) were studied. Enthalpy of formation reaction of gaseous SrCeO3(CaCeO3) from gaseous SrO (CaO) were evaluated theoretically, and the obtained value is in agreement with the experimental one.
Robot‐Assisted Ocular Tumour Radiotherapy Positioning and Tracking System
Authors: Wang Xu , Shi Dequan , Wang Kundong , Ming Xue , Shengyin Xiangzi , Jia Shouqiang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrecise dose position distribution is crucial for ocular proton therapy.MethodsA non‐invasive eye positioning and tracking system with novel structure is designed to reduce eye movement and facilitate precise dose by guiding the direction of patients' gaze. The system helps to achieve gaze guidance by controlling the light source fixed on two turntables above the patient's face. Tracking of the eye is achieved by cameras attached to the end of a 6DOFs robotic arm to capture the image reflected from a mirror above the patient's face.ResultsAfter all operation steps, the accuracy of the robotic arm is 0.18 mm (SD 0.25 mm) and the accuracy of the turntables is 0.01° (SD 0.02°). The EPTS is tested to be remotely controlled in real time with sufficient precision and repeatability.ConclusionThe system is expected to improve the safety and efficiency of ocular proton therapy.
Tobin's Q and shareholder value: Does “shareholder return” impede investment?
Authors: Piluso Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany economists have demonstrated that shareholder return constraints can negatively affect investment managers' decisions. While most studies are empirical, their findings are mixed. The real options literature provides a theoretical foundation for why a simple net present value rule based on a firm's cost of capital could lead to either insufficient investment or excessive investment. This study analyzes how the pursuit of shareholder value impacts optimal investments using Tobin's Q model in perfect competition. The study demonstrates that Tobin's Q, modified by shareholder constraints, can either hinder or promote optimal investment, thereby explaining the divergent results of empirical studies on this issue.
Digital Microfluidics for Sample Preparation in Low‐Input Proteomics
Authors: Steinbach Max K. , Leipert Jan , Matzanke Theo , Tholey Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLow‐input proteomics, also referred to as micro‐ or nanoproteomics, has become increasingly popular as it allows one to elucidate molecular processes in rare biological materials. A major prerequisite for the analytics of minute protein amounts, e.g., derived from low cell numbers, down to single cells, is the availability of efficient sample preparation methods. Digital microfluidics (DMF), a technology allowing the handling and manipulation of low liquid volumes, has recently been shown to be a powerful and versatile tool to address the challenges in low‐input proteomics. Here, an overview is provided on recent advances in proteomics sample preparation using DMF. In particular, the capability of DMF to isolate proteomes from cells and small model organisms, and to perform all necessary chemical sample preparation steps, such as protein denaturation and proteolytic digestion on‐chip, are highlighted. Additionally, major prerequisites to making these steps compatible with follow‐up analytical methods such as liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry will be discussed.
Construction of An Artificial Photosynthesis System with A Single CdS QDs‐Ferritin Hybrid Molecule
Authors: Duan Maoping , Wang Yingjie , Zang Jiachen , Lv Chenyan , Du Ming , Zhao Guanghua , Zhang Tuo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstablishing artificial photosynthesis systems in a simple but effective manner to mitigate the greenhouse effect and address the energy crisis remains challenging. The combination of photocatalysis technology with bioengineering is an emerging field with great potential to construct such artificial photosynthesis systems, but so far, it has barely been explored in this area. Herein, an artificial photocatalysis platform is constructed with high CO2 conversion and H2O splitting capability by integration of CdS QDs into the intra‐subunit interface of H‐type ferritin (Marsupenaeus japonicus), a natural ferroxidase through protein interface redesign. The crystal structure of the synthesized CdS QDs with engineered ferritin molecules as bio‐templates confirmed the design at an atomic level. Notably, upon absorbing desirable visible light (≈420 nm), such a single CdS‐ferritin hybrid molecule is able to selectively catalyze the reduction of CO2 into HCOOH (≈90%), meanwhile catalyzing the oxidation of H2O into O2 in an aqueous environment. The O2 production rate reached to 180 µmol g−1 h−1, and the HCOOH output hit almost 800 µmol g−1 h−1. This work advances the utilization of the four‐helix bundle structure for crafting artificial photosynthesis systems, facilitating the seamless integration of bioengineering and photocatalysis technology.
Association between body condition score and abdominal fat assessed by ultrasound in Jersey cows
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Redrovan Daniela , Chelikani Prasanth K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBody condition score (BCS) is a subjective tool and the deposition of subcutaneous fat differs from the deposition of abdominal fat.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate by multivariate regression models and ultrasonography the amount of fat accumulated in different areas of the abdominal cavity in Jersey non‐pregnant non‐lactating cows and its association with their BCS.MethodsFrom a commercial farm, 21 non‐pregnant non‐lactating Jersey cows were selected at random. Cows were placed in a headlock line, and BCS was evaluated (scale 1–5 with a 0.25 unit increment) by the same assessor. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed using a Sonosite machine in duplicate, considering key anatomical points of the body to predict total abdominal fat (AT), retroperitoneal fat (RT), omental fat (OT) and mesenteric fat (MT). A regression analysis for each abdominal fat depot and the BCS was run using SAS.ResultsModels from the lowest to the largest r2 are reported. The r2 for the models were MT r2 = 0.023; RT r2 = 0.1047; OT r2 = 0.323 and AT r2 = 0.369. Correlation between BCS and abdominal fat depots was positive, lower for mesenteric and retroperitoneal fat, but higher for omental and total abdominal fat. Cows were divided on the basis of the median of BCS distribution to high (≥3.5) and low (≤3.25). Those with high BCS had significantly larger amounts of fat in different anatomical areas of abdominal cavity than cows with low BCS.ConclusionBCS has a low‐to‐moderate association with abdominal fat depots, but a high variability exists within each BCS punctuation, which supports the notion that fat accumulation patterns and metabolic turnover between abdominal and subcutaneous fat differ from each other.
Smart Farming Technologies and Sustainability
Authors: Gemtou Marilena , Guillén Blanca Casares , Anastasiou Evangelos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses how smart farming technologies are being used to optimise and transform agricultural practices and food systems to make them more sustainable and resilient to the climate change and food security crises. These include precision farming, water-smart, weather-smart, carbon, and energy-smart, as well as knowledge-smart agricultural practices. Adoption of these technologies comes with various barriers and drivers which hinder or aid farmers in their transition to digital agriculture. These are categorised into socio-demographic, psychological, farm characteristics, technology-related, systemic, and policy factors. The chapter also discusses international visions of future food systems based on digital technology promoted by international agencies such as the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the World Bank as well as the European policy framework to support and monitor digitisation in agriculture and the food system.
Bosenovae with quadratically-coupled scalars in quantum sensing experiments
Authors: Arakawa Jason , Zaheer Muhammad H. , Eby Joshua , Takhistov Volodymyr , Safronova Marianna S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) particles of mass mϕ ≲ 1 eV can form boson stars in DM halos. Collapse of boson stars leads to explosive bosenova emission of copious relativistic ULDM particles. In this work, we analyze the sensitivity of terrestrial and space-based experiments to detect such relativistic scalar ULDM particles interacting through quadratic couplings with Standard Model constituents, including electrons, photons, and gluons. We highlight key differences with searches for linear ULDM couplings. Screening of ULDM with quadratic couplings near the surface of the Earth can significantly impact observations in terrestrial experiments, motivating future space-based experiments. We demonstrate excellent ULDM discovery prospects, especially for quantum sensors, which can probe quadratic couplings orders below existing constraints by detecting bosenova events in the ULDM mass range 10−23 eV ≲ mϕ ≲ 10−5 eV. We also report updated constraints on quadratic couplings of ULDM in case it comprises cold DM.
Large AdS6 black holes from CFT5
Authors: Choi Sunjin , Kim Seok 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study supersymmetric AdS6 black holes at large angular momenta, from the index of 5d SCFTs on S4 × ℝ in the large N and Cardy limit. Our examples are the strong coupling limits of 5d gauge theories on the D4-D8-O8 system. The large N free energy scales like N5/2, statistically accounting for the entropy of large black holes in AdS6. Instanton solitons play subtle roles to realize these deconfined degrees of freedom.