bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of OsII‐based Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Influence of Heterocyclic Ancillaries
Authors: Hu Fa‐Chun , Wang Sheng‐Wei , Planells Miquel , Robertson Neil , Padhy Harihara , Du Bo‐Sian , Chi Yun , Yang Po‐Fan , Lin Hao‐Wu , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of OsII sensitizers (TFOS‐x, in which x=1, 2, or 3) with a single 4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐dipyridine (H2dcbpy) anchor and two chelating 2‐pyridyl (or 2‐pyrimidyl) triazolate ancillaries was successfully prepared. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis showed that the core geometry of the OsII‐based sensitizers consisted of one H2dcbpy unit and two eclipsed cis‐triazolate fragments; this was notably different from the RuII‐based counterparts, in which the azolate (both pyrazolate and triazolate) fragments are located at the mutual trans‐positions. The basic properties were extensively probed by using spectroscopic and electrochemical methods as well as time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations. Fabrication of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) was then attempted by using the I−/I3−‐based electrolyte solution. One such DSC device, which utilized TFOS‐2 as the sensitizer, showed promising performance characteristics with a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 15.7 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage of 610 mV, a fill factor of 0.63, and a power conversion efficiency of 6.08 % under AM 1.5G simulated one‐sun irradiation. Importantly, adequate incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency performances were observed for all TFOS derivatives over the wide spectral region of 450 to 950 nm, showing a panchromatic light harvesting capability that extended into the near‐infrared regime. Our results underlined a feasible strategy for maximizing JSC and increasing the efficiency of DSCs.
Water Reduction Systems Associated with Homoleptic Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes of Various 2‐Phenylpyridines
Authors: Yuan Yong‐Jun , Yu Zhen‐Tao , Cai Jian‐Guang , Zheng Chao , Huang Wei , Zou Zhi‐Gang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe photoreduction of water to hydrogen represents a promising method for generating sustainable clean fuel. The molecular processes of this photoreduction require an effective light absorber, such as the ruthenium polybipyridine complex, to collect and convert the solar energy into a usable chemical form. In the search for a highly active and stable photosensitizer (PS), iridium complexes are attractive because of their desirable photophysical characteristics. Herein, a series of homoleptic tris‐cyclometalated iridium complexes, based on different 2‐phenylpyridine ligands, were utilized as PSs in photocatalytic systems for hydrogen production with [Rh(dtb‐bpy)3](PF6)3 (dtb‐bpy=4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐dipyridyl) serving as the water reduction catalyst (WRC) and triethanolamine (TEOA) as the electron donor. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes were systematically investigated. The excited state of neutral iridium complexes (PS*) could not be quenched by using TEOA as an electron donor, but they could be quenched by using [Rh(dtb‐bpy)3](PF6)3 as an electron acceptor, indicating that the PS* quenching pathway in catalytic reactions was most likely an oxidative quenching process. A set of long‐lived and highly active systems for hydrogen evolution were obtained in IrIII–RhIII–TEOA systems. These systems maintained their activity for more than 72 h with visible‐light irradiation, and the total turnover number was up to 3040. Comparative studies indicated that the photocatalytic performance of these homoleptic tris‐cyclometalated iridium compounds was superior to that of the cationic iridium complex [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)](PF6) (ppy=2‐phenylpyridine, bpy=2,2′‐dipyridyl) (4), which was used as a reference. The significant increase in the photocatalytic efficiencies was in part attributed to the higher photostability of the neutral IrIII complexes. This assumption was supported by their different coordination modes, photophysical, and electrochemical properties.
In vivo knockdown of ckit impairs neuronal migration and axonal extension in the cerebral cortex
Authors: Guijarro Patricia , Wang Yi , Ying Yanting , Yao Yini , Jieyi Xiong , Yuan Xiaobing 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe tyrosine kinase receptor cKit and its ligand stem cell factor (SCF) are well known mediators in proliferation, survival, and positive chemotaxis of different cell types in the hematopoietic system. However, and in spite of previous reports showing robust expression of cKit and SCF in the brain during development, their possible function in the cerebral cortex has not been clarified. In this study, embryonic knockdown expression of cKit in the rat cortex by in utero electroporation of specific RNAi resulted in delayed radial migration of cortical neurons. In conditional Nestin‐cKit KO homozygous mutants, radial migration in the cortex was also delayed. The opposite phenotype was observed after overexpressing cKit in the cortex: radial migration was accelerated. Callosal fibers electroporated with cKit RNAi were also delayed in their extension within the contralateral cortex and eventually failed to innervate their target area. In vitro experiments showed that, whereas SCF was able to promote migration of cortical neurons, it had no effect on cortical neurite outgrowth. In summary, our results demonstrate that (1) cKit is necessary for radial migration of cortical neurons, probably through SCF binding and (2) cKit is necessary for the correct formation of the callosal projection, most likely by a mechanism not involving SCF. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 871–887, 2013
Localization of essential rhombomeres for respiratory rhythm generation in bullfrog tadpoles using a binary search algorithm: Rhombomere 7 is essential for the gill rhythm and suppresses lung bursts before metamorphosis
Authors: Duchcherer Maryana , Baghdadwala Mufaddal I. , Paramonov Jenny , Wilson Richard J.A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTFrog metamorphosis includes transition from water breathing to air breathing but the extent to which such a momentous change in behavior requires fundamental changes in the organization of the brainstem respiratory circuit is unknown. Here, we combine a vertically mounted isolated brainstem preparation, “the Sheep Dip,” with a search algorithm used in computer science, to identify essential rhombomeres for generation of ventilatory motor bursts in metamorphosing bullfrog tadpoles. Our data suggest that rhombomere 7, which in mammals hosts the PreBötC (PreBötzinger Complex; the likely inspiratory oscillator), is essential for gill and buccal bursts. Whereas rhombomere 5, in close proximity to a brainstem region associated with the mammalian expiratory oscillator, is essential for lung bursts at both stages. Therefore, we conclude there is no rhombomeric translocation of respiratory oscillators in bullfrogs as previously suggested. In premetamorphic tadpoles, functional ablation of rhombomere 7 caused ectopic expression of precocious lung bursts, suggesting the gill oscillator suppresses an otherwise functional lung oscillator in early development. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 73: 888–898, 2013
Acceleration of Neural Network Learning by GPGPU
Authors: Tsuchida Yuta , Yoshioka Michifumi 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYRecently, graphic boards have come to have higher performance than CPUs as a result of the development of 3DCG and movie processing, and are now widely used due to progress in computer entertainment. Implementation of general‐purpose computing on GPU (GPGPU) has become easier as a result of the integrated development environment CUDA distributed by NVIDIA. A GPU has dozens or hundreds of arithmetic circuits, whose allocations are controlled by CUDA. In prior research, the implementation of a neural network using GPGPU has been studied; however, the training of networks was not mentioned because the GPU performance is low in conditional processing but high in linear algebra processing. Therefore, we have proposed two methods. First, a whole network is implemented as a thread, and some networks are trained in parallel to shorten the time necessary to find the optimal weight coefficients. Second, this paper introduces parallelization in the neural network structure, in which the calculation of neurons in the same layers is parallelized. The processing to train the same network with different patterns is likewise independent. As a result, the second method is 20 times faster than the CPU, and 6 times as fast as the first proposed method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(8): 59–66, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11412
Estimation of an Optimized Number of Topics by Consensus Soft Clustering Using NMF
Authors: Yokoi Takeru 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWe propose here a novel approach to exploring an optimized number of topics in a document set using consensus clustering based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). It is useful to automatically determine the number of topics in a document set because various approaches to heuristic topic extraction determine it. Consensus clustering merges multiple results of clustering so as to achieve robust clustering. In this paper, assuming that robust clustering is achieved by optimizing the number of clusters, we propose a novel consensus soft clustering algorithm based on NMF and estimate an optimized number of topics with exploration of a robust classification of documents into topics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(8): 50–58, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11438
Characteristics of Silicon Films Deposited by Atmospheric‐Pressure Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Transport
Authors: Naito Teruki , Yokoyama Yoshinori , Konno Nobuaki , Tokunaga Takashi , Itoh Toshihiro 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe characteristics of silicon films deposited at 700 Torr by plasma‐enhanced chemical transport were investigated. The Si films were polycrystalline and the Hall mobility was 1.9 cm2/Vs. These results indicate that our Si films are comparable with polycrystalline Si deposited by conventional plasma‐enhanced CVD. We fabricated a strain gauge sensor using our silicon film. The output voltage showed a good linearity to the pressure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(8): 26–31, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11467
MII–Malonate Complexes (M = Mg, Cu, Ni and Co) Characterized by Layered Structures: Experimental Observation, Hirshfeld Surface Analysis and Theoretical Study
Authors: Mitra Monojit , Seth Saikat Kumar , Choudhury Somnath Ray , Manna Prankrishna , Das Amrita , Helliwell Madeleine , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Mukhopadhyay Subrata 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA MgII complex containing malonate as the primary ligand and 4‐aminopyridine as the secondary ligand (counter ion), namely (ampyH)2[Mg(mal)2(H2O)2] (1; ampyH = protonated 4‐aminopyridine, malH2 = malonic acid), has been synthesized from purely aqueous media just by mixing the reactants in their stoichiometric proportions. Its crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In 1, monomeric metal malonate units [Mg(mal)2(H2O)2]2– are interlinked through hydrogen bonds to generate infinite 2D supramolecular sheets. These supramolecular sheets are bridged by 4‐aminopyridine molecules to generate a 3D structure. Similar complexes containing 4‐aminopyridine as the secondary ligand (counter ion) show an identical self‐assembly process, except for the copper analogue, which was found to be polymeric in nature. By means of DFT theoretical calculations (BP86‐D3/def2‐TZVPD), we provide a plausible explanation for this different behaviour and present an energetic analysis of the complexes. The Hirshfeld surfaces of the Mg structure and related Cu, Ni and Co structures were analyzed to clarify the nature of the intermolecular interactions.
{CH2(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)} and {CH(PPh2=NSiMe3)(Ph2P=S)}– as Ligands in Zinc Chemistry: Synthesis and Structures
Authors: Kuzdrowska Magdalena , Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Hartenstein Larissa , Gamer Michael T. , Arleth Nicholas , Blechert Siegfried , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe (iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methane zinc complexes [{(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)CH2}ZnX2] (X = Cl, I) have been obtained by the reaction of {CH2(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)} with the corresponding zinc dihalides ZnCl2 and ZnI2. The (iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methane ligand coordinates as a bidentate ligand through the nitrogen and sulfur atoms to the zinc atom to form a six‐membered metallacycle (N–P–C–P–S–Zn). The reaction of {CH2(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)} with [Zn{N(SiMe3)2}2] and ZnPh2 resulted in the (iminophosphoranyl)(thiophosphoranyl)methanide complexes [{(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)CH}Zn{N(SiMe3)2}] and [{(PPh2=NSiMe3)(PPh2=S)CH}ZnPh], respectively. In addition to the coordination of the phosphinimine nitrogen and sulfur atoms to the zinc atom, a long contact between the methine carbon atom of the P–C–P bridge and the zinc atom was observed in these complexes. The solid‐state structures of all the new compounds were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Copper(II) Complexes with Aromatic o‐Phosphorylated Phenols – Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Authors: Shuvaev Sergey , Bushmarinov Ivan S. , Sinev Ilya , Dmitrienko Artem O. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Baulin Vladimir , Grünert Wolfgang , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Kuzmina Natalia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe structural properties of copper complexes with (2‐hydroxyphenyl)di‐p‐tolylphosphane oxide (CuL12) and 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo[f][1,5,3]dioxaphosphepine 3‐oxide (CuL22) are studied in detail. The o‐phosphorylated phenols demonstrate both bridging and chelating behaviour, and the main reaction product is a coordination polymer containing dimeric Cu2O8 fragments. The structural peculiarities of the o‐phosphorylated phenols were revealed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The copper complexes are studied by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, and IR, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The applicability of XPS spectroscopy to structural studies of coordination compounds with complex organic ligands is demonstrated with CuL12 and CuL22. The results of ab initio structure solution and Rietveld refinement of the CuL22 structure from powder data are augmented by PW‐PBE‐D calculations.
Integration of Ln‐Sandwich POMs into Molecular Porous Systems Leading to Self‐Assembly of Metal–POM Framework Materials
Authors: Yao Shuang , Yan Jing‐Hui , Duan Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Ming , Li Yang‐Guang , Han Xin‐Bao , Shen Jian‐Qiang , Fu Hai , Wang En‐Bo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReactions of lacunary polyoxometalate (POM), transition‐metal (TM), and lanthanide‐metal (Ln) cations with the assistance of additional small organic molecules under hydrothermal conditions led to the formation of a group of metal–POM frameworks (MPFs) with nanospaces: [Cu(enMe)2]13{Ln(SiW11O39)2}2·xH2O [Ln = Ho3+ (compound 1), Dy3+ (compound 2), Eu3+ (compound 3), Er3+ (compound 4), Sm3+ (compound 5), Pr3+ (compound 6); x = 18 for 1, 5, 6; x = 20 for 2, 3, 4; enMe = 1,2‐diaminopropane). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that all the compounds are composed of two monovacant POMs, which are linked by one Ln3+ ion into a dimeric structure. The dimeric structure acts as an inorganic polydentate ligand coordinated with Cu2+ ions, which results in 3D MPFs with two channels. As the individual components integrated in the MPF materials posess fluorescent and magnetic properties, the luminescence properties and magnetic behavior of the resulting MPFs were measured.
Solvent fractionation of rice bran oil to produce a spreadable rice bran product
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Hwang Hong‐Sik , Bowman Michael J. , Palmquist Debra E. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRice bran oil is becoming increasingly popular as a functional ingredient, due to its high stability and health benefits. We detail here a new solvent fractionation procedure for the production of a spreadable product derived from rice bran oil. Four different experimental conditions for fractionation yielded four statistically distinct populations. The spreads show distinctive trends in their physical properties, thermal behavior, and rheology, based on incubation time. The rice bran oil based spreads produced in this work consist primarily of rice bran oil but also contain rice bran wax, tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ‐oryzanol, as well as other sterols. Relative to rice bran oil, they are enriched in rice bran wax, saturated fatty acids, and sterols, all of which contribute to a more rigid rheological profile than that of rice bran oil. This solvent fractionation process may be used to develop rice bran oil based spreads as functional ingredients or products that may replace nut butters.Practical applications: A need exists for structured lipids and spreadable products that are shelf stable, resistant to oxidation, allergen‐free, and provide health benefits to consumers. The fractionation procedure described here may be used to acquire a spreadable rice bran product from crude rice bran oil. This product is novel in composition in that it contains a significant proportion of rice bran wax, as well as tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols, and γ‐oryzanol. γ‐Oryzanol has been shown to reduce cholesterol and has also been shown to have antioxidant activity. This spreadable product is also free of allergens present in many nut‐based spreads and thus may be used as a functional ingredient in the development of a host of allergen‐free products.
Diversified Strategies for the Synthesis of Bifunctional Dendrimeric Structures
Authors: Riegert David , Pla‐Quintana Anna , Fuchs Sabine , Laurent Régis , Turrin Cédric‐Olivier , Duhayon Carine , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Chaumonnot Alexandra , Caminade Anne‐Marie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of three new families of dendrimeric compounds possessing two different types of functions is reported. These functions are triethoxysilyl group(s), potentially suitable for grafting onto materials, in particular silica, and primary amines (in their protected form), potentially suitable for trapping CO2. All these dendrimeric compounds are based on phosphorus dendrimers, and possess either one Si(OEt)3 group at the core of dendrons or of “off‐centre” dendrimers, or several Si(OEt)3 groups precisely placed on half of the terminal groups. These compounds are characterized by 31P NMR spectroscopy, which affords precious information on the structure, confirmed, in one case, by the X‐ray diffraction structure of a first‐generation dendrimer.
Electrophilic Addition of Propargylic Cations to Allenes: Formation of Crowded Chloro‐ and Azido‐Enynes by Trapping of the Resulting Allylic Cations with TMSX (X = Cl, N3): A Synthetic and Computational Study
Authors: Laali Kenneth K. , Nandi Ganesh C. , Borosky Gabriela L. , Kumar G. G. K. S. Narayana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPropargylic cations, generated by the ionization of propargyl alcohols with catalytic amounts of Bi(OTf)3, react with aryl‐substituted allenes to generate incipient allylic cations that are quenched in the presence of TMSCl to form a number of sterically crowded chloro‐enynes as a mixture of Z and E isomers with a strong preference for the Z alkenes. Several other metallic triflates, M(OTf)3 (M = Sc, Yb, La), as well as bismuth nitrate Bi(NO3)3·5H2O also promote this reaction with similar conversions and stereoselectivity. Although trapping with TMSBr and TMSI gave intractable mixtures, trapping with TMSN3 in a couple of cases led to the isolation of the corresponding isomeric azido‐enynes, albeit in lower isolated yields and lower stereoselectivity. Competitive formation of the Meyer–Schuster rearrangement products was also observed. Sterically crowded chloro‐allenes did not form adducts with propargyl alcohols, instead they underwent a skeletal rearrangement under the influence of Bi(OTf)3 to form 2‐chloro‐butadienes. The results of DFT calculations indicated that the relative anti/syn energies of the propargyl cation and the energy difference between the Z/E isomeric products are too small to explain the stereochemical preference observed for the enynes. A study of the transition state in the crucial C–C bond‐forming step by DFT indicated that rotation of the benzylic portion away from the propargyl cation may be a key factor in favoring the anti isomer of the allylic cation.
A New Composite Material Ca3Co4O9+δ+La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 Developed for Intermediate‐Temperature SOFC Cathode
Authors: Guo P. , Huang X. , Zhu X. , Lüˇ Z. , Zhou Y. , Li L. , Li Z. , Wei B. , Zhang Y. , Su W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, Ca3Co4O9+δ (CCO) and La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (LSC) have been mixed as mass fraction by 1:1, to prepare novel two‐phase composites with high electrical conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), for potential application in intermediate‐temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The conductivity of the composite, Ca3Co4O9+δ (50 wt.%) + La0.7Sr0.3CoO3 (50 wt.%) (CCO‐LSC50), is improved to be three times that of single phase CCO material. And, the TEC of CCO‐LSC50 has been effectively improved to be 15.3 × 10–6 °C–1, about 20% lower than single phase LSC cathode, which ensures better chemical compatibility with adjacent electrolyte. As a result, compared with pure LSC and CCO cathodes, CCO‐LSC50 composite cathode improves the electrochemical performance, a percentage of 16 and 84%, respectively, according to the impedance spectra experiments. In addition, cathodic overpotential and oxygen reduction kinetics have also been researched to reveal what is driving the results. The microstructures and phases of cathodes were also compared and analyzed.
Statins for Prevention of Hepatocellular Cancer: One Step Closer?
Authors: Singh Siddharth , Singh Preet Paul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Purpose: Statins may have protective effects against cancer, but no studies have focused on their effects in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between use of statins and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in HCV-infected patients. Patients and Methods: Ours was a population-based cohort study of 260,864 HCV-infected patients enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database since January 1, 1999, and observed through December 31, 2010. Cox proportional hazards regression with time-dependent covariates for drug exposures was employed to evaluate the association between statin use and HCC risk. Results: There were 27,883 cases of HCC in the HCV cohort during a follow-up period of 2,792,016.6 person-years. Among the 35,023 patients using statins (defined as ≥28 cumulative defined daily doses [cDDDs]), 1,378 had HCC. Among the 225,841 patients not using statins (<28 cDDDs), 26,505 were diagnosed with HCC. A dose-response relationship between statin use and HCC risk was observed. The adjusted hazard ratios were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.74), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.56), and 0.33 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.42) for patients with 28 to 89, 90 to 180, and >180 cDDDs per year, respectively, relative to nonusers. The reduction in risk also demonstrated a progressive duration-response relationship in patients with ≥28 cDDDs per year when compared with nonusers. Conclusion: Among patients with HCV infection, statin use was associated with reduced risk of HCC. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for this effect.