bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Copper(II)‐Complexation Properties of an Unusual Macrocyclic Structure Containing α/β‐Amino Acids and Anomeric Sugar β‐Amino Acid
Authors: Felten Anne‐Sophie , Pellegrini‐Moïse Nadia , Selmeczi Katalin , Henry Bernard , Chapleur Yves 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA 16‐membered macrocycle containing histidine, β‐alanine, and an anomeric sugar β‐amino acid was synthesised using a stepwise procedure starting from an exo‐glycal derivative. This new macrocyclic structure contains an unusual carbonic carbamic anhydride moiety that was spontaneously formed upon saponification of the C‐terminus ester group by attack of the resulting carboxylate group on the N‐terminal benzyloxycarbonyl protecting group. This macrocyclic ligand formed a 1:1 complex with copper(II) ions in aqueous solution at basic pH. A structural study of this complex in solution was undertaken by UV/Vis, and paramagnetic 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These spectroscopic data strongly suggest a {3 × Namide, NIm} equatorial donor set around the copper(II) ion, the fourth amide nitrogen being inaccessible for coordination, probably due to the rigid structure imposed by the sugar unit and the anhydride moiety.
Copper‐Catalyzed Amidation of Acids Using Formamides as the Amine Source
Authors: Xie Ye‐Xiang , Song Ren‐Jie , Yang Xu‐Heng , Xiang Jian‐Nan , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed amidation of acids with formamides or acetamide for the selective synthesis of amides with the aid of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as the ligand and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant is presented. This method is highly compatible with a wide range of acids, including alkyl acids, aryl acids, α,β‐unsaturated acids, and amino acids.
Recent Advances in the Catalytic Enantioselective Reformatsky Reaction
Authors: Fernández‐Ibáñez M. Ángeles , Maciá Beatriz , Alonso Diego A. , Pastor Isidro M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper reviews the present state of the catalytic enantioselective Reformatsky reaction. Advancements in asymmetric versions of this reaction have recently led to a considerable extension of its scope and applicability, principally due to the use of highly active chiral ligands and very specific reaction conditions.
Voltammetric Determination of Purine Bases Using a Carbon Electrode Modified With Hybrid Silica Film
Authors: Rozhanchuk Tetiana , Mariia Velychko , Titov Maksim , Tananaiko Oksana 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHybrid silica films containing cation‐exchange polyelectrolytes were designed and used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for voltammetric determination of purine bases. Hybrid silica‐polyelectrolyte films synthesised in the presence of adenine as structure directed component have demonstrated enhanced sorption capacity to purine base. The anodic peaks of adenine and guanine at a hybrid film‐modified GCE were observed at +1.55 and +1.1 V, respectively, in phosphate buffer solution at pH 3.5. Oxidation currents of adenine and guanine were proportional to their concentration in the range of 0.02–0.50 mM, with a detection limit of 0.015 mM. The developed method was used to determine adenine in adenosine triphosphate and purine bases in hydrolyzed solutions of DNA and demonstrated good metrological characteristics.
In‐Sample and Out‐of‐Sample Prediction of stock Market Bubbles: Cross‐Sectional Evidence
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Kholodilin Konstantin A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe evaluate the informational content of ex post and ex ante predictors of periods of excess stock (market) valuation. For a cross‐section comprising 10 OECD economies and a time span of at most 40 years, alternative binary chronologies of price bubble periods are determined. Using these chronologies as dependent processes and a set of macroeconomic and financial variables as explanatory variables, panel logit regressions are carried out. With model estimates at hand, both in‐sample and out‐of‐sample forecasts are made. The set of 13 potential predictors is classified in measures of macroeconomic or monetary performance, stock market characteristics and descriptors of capital valuation. The latter, in particular the price‐to‐book ratio, turn out to have strongest in‐sample and out‐of‐sample explanatory content for the emergence of price bubbles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Neuro‐wavelet Model for the Short‐Term Forecasting of High‐Frequency Time Series of Stock Returns
Authors: Ortega Luis , Khashanah Khaldoun 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe propose a wavelet neural network (neuro‐wavelet) model for the short‐term forecast of stock returns from high‐frequency financial data. The proposed hybrid model combines the capability of wavelets and neural networks to capture non‐stationary nonlinear attributes embedded in financial time series. A comparison study was performed on the predictive power of two econometric models and four recurrent neural network topologies. Several statistical measures were applied to the predictions and standard errors to evaluate the performance of all models. A Jordan net that used as input the coefficients resulting from a non‐decimated wavelet‐based multi‐resolution decomposition of an exogenous signal showed a consistent superior forecasting performance. Reasonable forecasting accuracy for the one‐, three‐ and five step‐ahead horizons was achieved by the proposed model. The procedure used to build the neuro‐wavelet model is reusable and can be applied to any high‐frequency financial series to specify the model characteristics associated with that particular series. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction in an Unbalanced Nested Error Components Panel Data Model
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Pirotte Alain 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper derives the best linear unbiased predictor for an unbalanced nested error components panel data model. This predictor is useful in many econometric applications that are usually based on unbalanced panel data and have a nested (hierarchical) structure. Examples include predicting student performance in a class in a school, or house prices in a neighborhood in a county or a state. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that this predictor is better in root mean square error performance than the usual fixed‐ or random‐effects predictors ignoring the nested structure of the data. This is applied to forecasting the productivity of public capital in the private sector using nested panel data of 48 contiguous American states. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consequences of poor representation of Arctic sea‐ice albedo and cloud‐radiation interactions in the CMIP5 model ensemble
Authors: Karlsson J. , Svensson G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractClouds significantly influence the Arctic surface energy budget and a realistic representation of this impact is a key for proper simulation of the present‐day and future climate. Considerable across‐model spread in cloud variables remains in the fifth phase of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ensemble and partly explains the substantial across‐model spread in the surface radiative effect of the clouds. In summer, the extensive model differences in sea‐ice albedo, which sets the potential of the cloud‐albedo effect, are strongly positively correlated to their cloud radiative effect. This indicates that the model's sea‐ice albedo not only determines the amount, but also the sign of its cloud radiative effect. The analysis further suggests that the present‐day annual amplitude of sea‐ice cover depends inversely on the model's sea‐ice albedo. Given the present‐day across‐model spread in sea‐ice albedo and coverage, a transition to a summer ice‐free Arctic ocean translates to a model‐span of increased surface shortwave absorption of about 75 W m−2.
Modeling evidence that ozone depletion has impacted extreme precipitation in the austral summer
Authors: Kang S. M. , Polvani L. M. , Fyfe J. C. , Son S.‐W. , Sigmond M. , P. Correa G. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe impacts of stratospheric ozone depletion on the extremes of daily precipitation in the austral summer are explored using two global climate models. Both models indicate that stratospheric ozone losses since the late 1970s may have increased the frequency and intensity of very heavy precipitation in austral summer over southern high and subtropical latitudes, and may have decreased the frequency and intensity over southern midlatitudes. This hemispheric wide pattern of extreme precipitation response projects strongly onto a previously identified pattern of seasonal mean precipitation response, both of which are shown to be likely of dynamic rather than thermodynamic origin.
Critical assessment and validation of a time‐integrating fluvial suspended sediment sampler
Authors: Perks Matthew T. , Warburton Jeff , Bracken Louise 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDelivery of fine sediment to fluvial systems is of considerable concern given the physical and ecological impacts of elevated levels in drainage networks. Although it is possible to measure the transfer of fine sediment at high frequency by using a range of surrogate and automated technologies, the demands for assessing sediment flux and sediment properties at multiple spatially distributed locations across catchments can often not be met using established sampling techniques. The time‐integrated mass‐flux sampler (TIMS) has the potential to bridge this gap and further our understanding of fine sediment delivery in fluvial systems. However, these devices have undergone limited testing in the field. The aim of this paper was to provide a critical validation of TIMS as a technique for assessing fluvial fine sediment transfer. Fine sediment flux and sediment properties were assessed over 2 years with individual sampling periods of approximately 30 days. Underestimation of sediment flux ranged between 66% and 99% demonstrating that TIMS is unsuitable for assessing absolute sediment loads. However, assessment of relative efficiency showed that six of seven samplers produced statistically strong relationships with the reference sediment load (P < 0.05). Aggregated data from all sites produced a highly significant relationship between reference and TIMS loads (R2 = 0.80; P < 0.001) demonstrating TIMS may be suitable for characterizing patterns of suspended sediment transfer. Testing also illustrated a consistency in sediment properties between multiple samplers in the same channel cross section. TIMS offers a useful means of assessing spatial and temporal patterns of fine sediment transfer across catchments where expensive monitoring frameworks cannot be commissioned. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of ONO-5334 on Bone Mineral Density and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: 2-Year Results From the OCEAN Study
Authors: Eastell Richard , Nagase Shinichi , Small Maria , Boonen Steven , Spector Tim , Ohyama Michiyo , Kuwayama Tomohiro , Deacon Steve 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Cathepsin K inhibitors, such as ONO-5334, are being developed for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, their relative effects on bone resorption and formation, and how quickly the effects resolve after treatment cessation, are uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of 24-month treatment with ONO-5334 and to assess the effect of treatment cessation over 2 months. We studied 197 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia with one fragility fracture. Patients were randomized to ONO-5334 50 mg twice daily, 100 mg or 300 mg once daily, alendronate 70 mg once weekly (positive control), or placebo for 24 months. After 24 months, all ONO-5334 doses were associated with increased bone mineral density (BMD) for lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck (p &lt; 0.001). ONO-5334 300 mg significantly suppressed the bone-resorption markers urinary (u) NTX and serum and uCTX-I throughout 24 months of treatment and to a similar extent as alendronate; other resorption marker levels remained similar to placebo (fDPD for ONO-5334 300 mg qd) or were increased (ICTP, TRAP5b, all ONO-5334 doses). Levels of B-ALP and PINP were suppressed in all groups (including placebo) for approximately 6 months but then increased for ONO-5334 to close to baseline levels by 12 to 24 months. On treatment cessation, there were increases above baseline in uCTX-I, uNTX, and TRAP5b, and decreases in ICTP and fDPD. There were no clinically relevant safety concerns. Cathepsin K inhibition with ONO-5334 resulted in decreases in most resorption markers over 2 years but did not decrease most bone formation markers. This was associated with an increase in BMD; the effect on biochemical markers was rapidly reversible on treatment cessation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Neonatal Iron Deficiency Causes Abnormal Phosphate Metabolism by Elevating FGF23 in Normal and ADHR Mice
Authors: Clinkenbeard Erica L , Farrow Emily G , Summers Lelia J , Cass Taryn A , Roberts Jessica L , Bayt Christine A , Lahm Tim , Albrecht Marjorie , Allen Matthew R , Peacock Munro , White Kenneth E 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) gain of function mutations can lead to autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) disease onset at birth, or delayed onset following puberty or pregnancy. We previously demonstrated that the combination of iron deficiency and a knock-in R176Q FGF23 mutation in mature mice induced FGF23 expression and hypophosphatemia that paralleled the late-onset ADHR phenotype. Because anemia in pregnancy and in premature infants is common, the goal of this study was to test whether iron deficiency alters phosphate handling in neonatal life. Wild-type (WT) and ADHR female breeder mice were provided control or iron-deficient diets during pregnancy and nursing. Iron-deficient breeders were also made iron replete. Iron-deficient WT and ADHR pups were hypophosphatemic, with ADHR pups having significantly lower serum phosphate (p &lt; 0.01) and widened growth plates. Both genotypes increased bone FGF23 mRNA (&gt;50 fold; p &lt; 0.01). WT and ADHR pups receiving low iron had elevated intact serum FGF23; ADHR mice were affected to a greater degree (p &lt; 0.01). Iron-deficient mice also showed increased Cyp24a1 and reduced Cyp27b1, and low serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D). Iron repletion normalized most abnormalities. Because iron deficiency can induce tissue hypoxia, oxygen deprivation was tested as a regulator of FGF23, and was shown to stimulate FGF23 mRNA in vitro and serum C-terminal FGF23 in normal rats in vivo. These studies demonstrate that FGF23 is modulated by iron status in young WT and ADHR mice and that hypoxia independently controls FGF23 expression in situations of normal iron. Therefore, disturbed iron and oxygen metabolism in neonatal life may have important effects on skeletal function and structure through FGF23 activity on phosphate regulation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Set7/9 Impacts COL2A1 Expression Through Binding and Repression of SirT1 Histone Deacetylation
Authors: Oppenheimer Hanna , Kumar Ashok , Meir Hadar , Schwartz Israel , Zini Avi , Haze Amir , Kandel Leonid , Mattan Yoav , Liebergall Meir , Dvir-Ginzberg Mona 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Type II collagen is a key cartilaginous extracellular protein required for normal endochondral development and cartilage homeostasis. COL2A1 gene expression is positively regulated by the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin 1 (SirT1), through its ability to bind chromatin regions of the COL2A1 promoter and enhancer. Although SirT1/Sox9 binding on the enhancer site of COL2A1 was previously demonstrated, little is known about its functional role on the gene promoter site. Here, we examined the mechanism by which promoter-associated SirT1 governs COL2A1 expression. Human chondrocytes were encapsulated in three-dimensional (3D) alginate beads where they exhibited upregulated COL2A1 mRNA expression and increased levels of SirT1 occupancy on the promoter and enhancer regions, when compared to monolayer controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses of 3D cultures showed augmented levels of the DNA-binding transcription factor SP1, and the histone methyltransferase Set7/9, on the COL2A1 promoter site. ChIP reChIP assays revealed that SirT1 and Set7/9 form a protein complex on the COL2A1 promoter region of 3D-cultured chondrocytes, which also demonstrated elevated trimethylated lysine 4 on histone 3 (3MeH3K4), a hallmark of Set7/9 methyltransferase activity. Advanced passaging of chondrocytes yielded a decrease in 3MeH3K4 and Set7/9 levels on the COL2A1 promoter and reduced COL2A1 expression, suggesting that the SirT1/Set7/9 complex is preferentially formed on the COL2A1 promoter and required for gene activation. Interestingly, despite SirT1 occupancy, its deacetylation targets (ie, H3K9/14 and H4K16) were found acetylated on the COL2A1 promoter of 3D-cultured chondrocytes. A possible explanation for this phenotype is the enrichment of the histone acetyltransferases P300 and GCN5 on the COL2A1 promoter of3 D-cultured chondrocytes. Our study indicates that Set7/9 prevents the histone deacetylase activity of SirT1, potentiating euchromatin formation on the promoter site of COL2A1 and resulting in morphology-dependent COL2A1 gene transactivation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
THE CHANGING DONOR LANDSCAPE IN NICARAGUA: RISING COMPETITION ENHANCES OWNERSHIP AND FOSTERS COOPERATION
Authors: Walshe Roussel Lauren 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article informs our understanding of how emerging donors can influence development cooperation relationships and practices through the case of Nicaragua. Findings suggest that emerging donors present opportunities for development cooperation in Nicaragua. By spurring competitive pressures, they are introducing flexibility into what was formerly a traditional donor‐driven space, enhancing local ownership of the development agenda and fostering cooperation between donors. This case study also suggests that the distinction between traditional and emerging donors is increasingly blurry, illustrating the importance of looking beyond donor typologies to capture the dynamism of development actors and its influence on development trends. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EUROPE BEYOND AID: ASSESSING EUROPEAN COUNTRIES' INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE COMMITMENT TO DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Barder Owen , Clark Julia , Lépissier Alice , Reynolds Liza , Roodman David 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe rank European countries' collective commitment to development on seven cross‐border issues: aid, trade, investment, migration, environment, security and technology. We calculate a consolidated score for 21 European countries and show that they perform well on aid and environment but lag the rest of the world on trade and technology. We find that Europe's approach to development energetically tackles the symptoms of poor economic opportunities for developing countries by providing relatively effective aid, but there is an opportunity to do more to tackle the underlying structural causes of poverty. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ARTICULATING GLOBAL PRESCRIPTIONS FOR HEALTH WITH LOCAL CONCEPTIONS OF WELL‐BEING AND RISK: THE CASE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
Authors: Brangan Emer 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIf there is one thing that policy makers at the World Health Organisation and residents of the South African township of Langa are likely to agree on, it is that ‘just sitting’ is not good for you. The positions from which they approach this conclusion however differ profoundly. This research uses qualitative methods to investigate different conceptualisations of physical activity, health and well‐being, and the implications of these differences for policy on the prevention of non‐communicable diseases in low‐income and middle‐income countries, taking South Africa as a case study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BUSAN AND BEYOND: SOUTH KOREA AND THE TRANSITION FROM AID EFFECTIVENESS TO DEVELOPMENT EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Kim Eun Mee , Lee Jae Eun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness (HLF‐4), held in Busan, South Korea drew the largest number as well as the most diverse group of participants ever. This paper examines the shift towards a new global development cooperation paradigm at the Busan HLF‐4; the new global partnership that emerged from Busan; and what South Korea brought to the global discourse on development cooperation as an emerging donor. Although it is premature to argue that a new paradigm was established at Busan, there was a clear political momentum for a shift from aid effectiveness to development effectiveness, a change that was advocated and promoted particularly by new actors such as South Korea. The Busan HLF‐4 and the post‐Busan process have highlighted the global role of new actors, with South Korea exemplifying through its own experience how aid can help bring about development, contributing to the global discourse on development cooperation and playing a bridging role between traditional and emerging donors. The changing dynamics of the world including the global financial crisis and climate change suggest that the global challenges are different from what had been expected when the HLF process and Millennium Development Goals were begun in the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, we recommend that global development cooperation discourse and activities that had been led by traditional Western donors need to find more effective ways of incorporating new actors and different modalities of development cooperation because the global challenges we face are grave. New development partners can bring to the table lessons, energies and capacities deriving from their own dramatic success in alleviating poverty and attaining development and their visibility as global development actors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE NEW DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION LANDSCAPE: ACTORS, APPROACHES, ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Gore Charles 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe old aid architecture is being replaced by a more complex and diverse landscape of development cooperation in which there are new actors, new approaches and attempts to create an overarching architecture which, by embracing all, is expected to be more developmentally effective. The papers in this special issue address different aspects of the new landscape. This paper provides an overview of the landscape and summarizes the findings of the papers. It argues that they show that the new development cooperation landscape is characterized by both vibrant dynamism and systemic inertia and that to achieve progress in development cooperation, more support needs to be given to bottom–up processes of change which can generate effective development outcomes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tips for writing a case report for the novice author
Authors: Sun Zhonghua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA case report is a description of important scientific observations that are missed or undetectable in clinical trials. This includes a rare or unusual clinical condition, a previously unreported or unrecognized disease, unusual side effects to therapy or response to treatment, and unique use of imaging modalities or diagnostic tests to assist diagnosis of a disease. Generally, a case report should be short and focussed, with its main components being the abstract, introduction, case description, and discussion. This article discusses the essential components of a case report, with the aim of providing guidelines and tips to novice authors to improve their writing skills.