bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Claisen Rearrangement of Enolphosphonates: Construction of Vicinal Tertiary and All‐Carbon Quaternary Centers.
Authors: Tan Jiajing , Cheon Cheol‐Hong , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed enantioselective Claisen rearrangement of easily accessible enolphosphonates using commercially available PhBOX as chiral ligand is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Regioselective Hydrophosphanation of Alkenes.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Moglie Yanina , Radivoy Gabriel , Yus Miguel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe title reaction, typically promoted by radicals or metal species, is shown to proceed in the absence of a catalyst, under solvent‐free conditions in a highly regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of a Novel Series of Heterocyclic α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Abdel‐Megeed Mohamed F. , Badr Badr E. , Azaam Mohamed M. , El‐Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe new title compounds (IV) and (VI) show high antibacterial and antifungal activities at low concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Organo Phosphorus—Selenium Heterocycles Derived from Haloalkanols and Alkenes.
Authors: Hua Guoxiong , Fuller Amy L. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFive‐ or six‐membered heterocycles are synthesized by treatment of bromoalkanones or alkenes with Woollin′s reagent (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2λ5‐oxaphospholes by a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Fan Hua‐Fang , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Zhao Jing‐Wei , Li Xin‐Jin , Gao Jin‐Ming , Zhu Shi‐Zheng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSimple three‐component reactions of styryl or aryl trifluoromethyl ketones, ethyl propiolate, and triphenylphosphine are developed for the synthesis of 5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2,5‐dihydro‐1,2λ5‐oxaphospholes under optimized mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Optical Properties of Dithienostiboles.
Authors: Ohshita Joji , Fujita Risa , Tanaka Daiki , Ooyama Yousuke , Kobayashi Norifumi , Higashimura Hideyuki , Yamamoto Yohsuke 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDithienostiboles having a stibole ring fused with a bithiophene system are prepared for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethyl(2‐oxo‐2‐ferrocenylethyl)sulfonium Iodide — A Useful Synthetic Equivalent of Ferrocenoylcarbene in the Synthesis of Ferrocene‐Containing Cyclopropanes.
Authors: Ilic Danijela , Damljanovic Ivan , Vukicevic Mirjana , Kahlenberg Volker , Laus Gerhard , Radulovic Niko S. , Vukicevic Rastko D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTreatment of substrate (I) with sodium hydride produces a stabilized ferrocenylmethylide which is coupled with conjugated enones to yield cyclopropane diastereomer (VIII) as main product.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Constituents from the Rhizomes of Acorus gramineus and Their Biological Evaluation on Antitumor and Antiinflammatory Activities.
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Moon Eunjung , Kim Ho Kyung , Oh Ju Yeoun , Kim Sun Yeou , Choi Sang Un , Lee Kang Ro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe bioassay‐guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of the title plant leads to isolation and identification of thirteen phenolic derivatives, including the new neolignans surinamensinol A (I) and B (II) and the new phenolic compound acoramol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Identification of a New Class of Triarylmethyl Amine Compounds as Inhibitors of Apolipoprotein E Production.
Authors: Maitra Santanu , et al. et al. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe members of this class of small molecules are able to inhibit apoE production in the human CCF‐STTG1 astrocytoma cell line.
Integrating Companion Diagnostic Assays into Drug Development: Addressing the Challenges from the Diagnostic Perspective
Authors: Beeler John 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The drug development process is witnessing a paradigm shift in which new therapies need to be tailored to well‐defined patient subgroups via companion diagnostic assays. This codevelopment paradigm is fostering a new set of partnerships between pharmaceutical and diagnostic developers. Although initial results have illustrated transformative effects associated with the codevelopment process, continued success in the development and commercialization of these paired products will require addressing the challenges and identifying strategies to guarantee future success.
Opportunities and Challenges of Safety Biomarker Qualification: Perspectives from the Predictive Safety Testing Consortium
Authors: Dennis Eslie H. , Walker Elizabeth G. , Baker Amanda F. , Miller Richard T. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Biomarkers hold tremendous promise to improve the drug development and evaluation process, advance patient care, and reduce health‐care costs. However, understanding the characteristics of novel biomarkers and developing the robust evidentiary packages to support incorporating them into drug development and clinical practice is an enormous undertaking requiring significant resources and commitment from a wide range of stakeholders, including regulators, the biopharmaceutical industry, academia, governmental agencies, patients, and payors. The Predictive Safety Testing Consortium (PSTC) is a unique public–private partnership formed by Critical Path Institute (C‐Path) in collaboration with the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify new and improved drug safety testing methods and submit them for formal regulatory qualification by the FDA, the European Medicines Agency, and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency. In 2008, the PSTC obtained the first regulatory qualification of seven urinary renal preclinical safety biomarkers for use in rodent studies and on a case‐by‐case basis for inclusion into clinical development programs. These qualified biomarkers are now successfully informing drug discovery and development decisions. PSTC has expanded their qualification efforts into dogs, nonhuman primates, and humans and focuses on six areas of organ toxicity. The collaborative effort of multiple stakeholders through PSTC has resulted in significant cost savings and more rapid scientific consensus, leading to greater acceptance of these biomarkers by health authorities and pharmaceutical companies. Regulatory qualification of a biomarker for a defined context of use provides scientifically robust assurances to sponsors and regulators that should accelerate appropriate adoption of biomarkers into drug development and, ultimately, clinical practice.
Transmigration Across Price Discovery Categories: Evidence from the U.S. CDS and Equity Markets
Authors: Xiang Vincent , Chng Michael , Fang Victor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe examine credit risk price discovery between the U.S. equity and credit default swap (CDS) markets for 174 firms between 2005 and 2009. Using Gonzalo–Granger [Gonzalo, J., & Granger, C. (1995). Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 13, 27–35] and Hasbrouck [Hasbrouck, J. (1995). Journal of Finance, 50, 1175–1199] measures, we uncover an interesting price discovery transmigration pattern. Before the global financial crisis (GFC), CDS influences price discovery for 92 firms. During the height of the GFC, it increases to 159 firms, despite rising and increasingly volatile CDS spreads. Although the number of firms decrease post‐GFC, it remains high compared to the pre‐GFC period. The substantially higher and more volatile CDS spreads present informed speculators attractive trading opportunities in the CDS market that were not available before the GFC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Intact but not denatured ovine serum immunoglobulins positively modulate mucosal immune mediators in the growing rat challenged with Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Balan Prabhu , Moughan Paul J. 
Published: February 2013

Immunoglobulins are major glycoproteins that modulate the immune response of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. In the present study, we sought to determine whether orally administered ovine serum immunoglobulins modulate selected indices of mucosal immune function and immune mediators in the growing rat challenged with Salmonella enteritidis. Rats were fed a casein-based basal control diet (BD; unchallenged). Three groups of rats were challenged orally with 1 × 107 viable S. enteritidis on day 15 of the study and were fed the BD, the BD containing freeze-dried ovine immunoglobulins (FDOI), or the BD containing autoclaved ovine immunoglobulins (AOI; negative control diet). The rats were randomly allocated to one of the four groups (n 15) and consumed their diet for 18 d. In all of the intestinal segments, the challenged rats fed either the BD or AOI diet produced higher (P< 0·05) mucosal levels of interferon-γ, TNFα, IgA and myeloperoxidase activity than the challenged rats fed the FDOI diet. In contrast, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were higher in the challenged FDOI-fed rats compared with the other challenged groups. The challenged FDOI-fed rats had higher (P< 0·05) mucosal anti-Salmonella IgA and IgG in all of the intestinal segments except the jejunum and ileum. Generally, the challenged rats receiving the FDOI diet had significantly (P< 0·05) higher mucosal mucin protein content compared with challenged rats receiving either the BD or AOI diet. In conclusion, an ovine immunoglobulin fraction positively modulated some selected indices of mucosal immune function and its mediators in growing rats challenged with S. enteritidis.
Relativistic shock waves in the laboratory
Authors: Eliezer Shalom , Martinez Val Jose Maria , Vinikman Pinhasi Shirly 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDue to the recent developments in high power lasers in the multi-petawatt domain it seems now feasible to accelerate a micro-foil to relativistic velocities. In this paper, we calculate analytically the high velocities achieved by the ponderomotive force of the irradiating laser. The accelerated foil collides with a second foil resulting in the creation of the relativistic shock waves. The density, pressure, temperature, and shock wave velocities are calculated within the context of relativistic fluid dynamics. The calculated thermodynamic parameters that are achieved in these collisions are enormous.
Effect of inside diameter of tip on proton beam produced by intense laser pulse on double-layer cone targets
Authors: Wu Fengjuan , Zhou Weimin , Shan Lianqiang , Zhao Zongqing , Yu Jinqing , Zhang Bo , Yan Yonghong , Zhang Zhimeng , Gu Yuqiu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe laser-driven acceleration of proton beams from a double-layer cone target, comprised of a cone shaped high-Z material target with a low density proton layer, is investigated via two-dimensional fully relativistic electro-magnetic particle-in-cell simulations. The dependence of the inside diameter (ID) of the tip size of a double-layer cone target on proton beam characteristics is demonstrated. Our results show that the peak energy of proton beams significantly increases and the divergence angle decreases with decreasing ID size. This can be explained by the combined effects of a stronger laser field that is focused inside the cone target and a larger laser interaction area by reducing the ID size.
Acquiring planning domain models using LOCM
Authors: Cresswell Stephen N. , McCluskey Thomas L. , West Margaret M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe problem of formulating knowledge bases containing action schema is a central concern in knowledge engineering for artificial intelligence (AI) planning. This paper describes Learning Object-Centred Models (LOCM), a system that carries out the automated generation of a planning domain model from example training plans. The novelty of LOCM is that it can induce action schema without being provided with any information about predicates or initial, goal or intermediate state descriptions for the example action sequences. Each plan is assumed to be a sound sequence of actions; each action in a plan is stated as a name and a list of objects that the action refers to. LOCM exploits assumptions about the kinds of domain model it has to generate, rather than handcrafted clues or planner-oriented knowledge. It assumes that actions change the state of objects, and require objects to be in a certain state before they can be executed. In this paper, we describe the implemented LOCM algorithm, the assumptions that it is based on, and an evaluation using plans generated through goal-directed solutions, through random walk, and through logging human-generated plans for the game of freecell. We analyze the performance of LOCM by its application to the induction of domain models from five domains.
Comparison of ranging behaviour in a multi-species complex of free-ranging hosts of bovine tuberculosis in relation to their use as disease sentinels
Authors: YOCKNEY I. J. , NUGENT G. , LATHAM M. C. , PERRY M. , CROSS M. L. , BYROM A. E. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYSentinel species are increasingly used by disease managers to detect and monitor the prevalence of zoonotic diseases in wildlife populations. Characterizing home-range movements of sentinel hosts is thus important for developing improved disease surveillance methods, especially in systems where multiple host species co-exist. We studied ranging activity of major hosts of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in an upland habitat of New Zealand: we compared home-range coverage by ferrets (Mustela furo), wild deer (Cervus elaphus), feral pigs (Sus scrofa), brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) and free-ranging farmed cattle (Bos taurus). We also report in detail the proportional utilization of a seasonal (4-monthly) range area for the latter four species. Possums covered the smallest home range (<30 ha), ferrets covered ∼100 ha, pigs ∼4 km2, deer and cattle both >30 km2. For any given weekly period, cattle, deer and pigs were shown to utilize 37–45% of their estimated 4-month range, while possums utilized 62% during any weekly period and 85% during any monthly period of their estimated 4-month range. We suggest that present means for estimating TB detection kernels, based on long-term range size estimates for possums and sentinel species, probably overstate the true local surveillance coverage per individual.
Astronomical Dating of the Middle Miocene Hanjiang Formation in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea
Authors: Shifeng TIAN , Zhongqiang CHEN , Chunju HUANG , Changhai GAO , Ming ZHA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Hanjiang Formation of Langhian age (middle Miocene) in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB), South China Sea consists of deltaic siliciclastic and neritic shelf carbonate rhythmic alternations, which form one of the potential reservoirs of the basin. To improve stratigraphic resolutions for hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration in the basin, the present study undertakes spectral analysis of high‐resolution natural gamma‐ray (NGR) well‐logging record to determine the dominant frequency components and test whether Milankovitch orbital signals are recorded in rhythmic successions. Analytical results indicate the orbital cycles of precession (∼19 ka and ∼23 ka), obliquity (∼41 ka), and eccentricity (∼100 ka and ∼405 ka), which provide the strong evidence for astronomically driven climate changes in the rhythmic alternation successions. Within biochronological constraint, a high‐resolution astronomical timescale was constructed through the astronomical tuning of the NGR record to recent astronomically calculated variation of Earth's orbit. The astronomically tuned timescale can be applied to calculate astronomical ages for the geological events and bioevents recognized throughout the period. The first downhole occurrences of foraminifers Globorotalia peripheroronda and Globigerinoides sicanus are dated at 14.546 Ma and 14.919 Ma, respectively, which are slightly different from earlier estimates in the South China Sea. When compared with the global sea‐level change chart, the astronomical estimate for the sequences recognized based on microfossil distributions have the same end time but the different initiation time. This is probably due to the local or regional tectonic activities superimposed on eustatic rise which postponed the effect of global sea‐level rising. Astronomical timescale also resolves the depositional evolution history for the Langhian Stage (middle Miocene) with a variation that strongly resembles that of Earth's orbital eccentricity predicted from 13.65 Ma to 15.97 Ma. We infer that the main factor controlling the variability of the sedimentation rate in the Hanjiang Formation is related to the ∼405‐ka‐period eccentricity.
Neurobehavioural development of preschool‐age children born to addicted mothers given opiate maintenance treatment with buprenorphine during pregnancy
Authors: Sundelin Wahlsten Viveka , Sarman Ihsan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo study the neurobehavioural development and somatic growth of children at preschool‐age born to opioid‐addicted mothers given opiate maintenance treatment (OMT) with buprenorphine during pregnancy.MethodsTwenty‐eight children, whose 21 opiate‐addicted mothers were treated with OMT during pregnancy and accepted participation to the study, went through a battery of neurobehavioural tests (WPPSI‐R, McCarthy, BROWN and SDQ). Twenty‐five children fulfilled the tests at an age of 5–6 years.ResultsThe children showed evidence of serious visual motor and attention problems in the field of performance (WPPSI‐R scales) and major problems in the field of motor skills and memory abilities (McCarthy Scales). The results of behavioural tests also showed significantly elevated levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and attention problems on the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) scale in BROWN and in SDQ tests estimated by the teachers, while the parents estimated no problems for their children. Regarding the outcomes, there were no significant differences in terms of neonatal abstinence syndrome, gender or socio‐economic factors. The somatic growth of the children corresponded to the mean values of the normal population in weight, length and head circumference at birth and at preschool‐age, respectively.ConclusionChildren to opiate‐addicted mothers with buprenorphine maintenance treatment during pregnancy constitute a risk population, which should be recognized before start of the school. Whether the effects are associated with buprenorphine exposition during foetal life or not are discussed and need further investigation.
Engaging Communities to Strengthen Research Ethics in Low‐Income Settings: Selection and Perceptions of Members of a Network of Representatives in Coastal Kenya
Authors: Kamuya Dorcas M. , Marsh Vicki , Kombe Francis K. , Geissler P. Wenzel , Molyneux Sassy C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere is wide agreement that community engagement is important for many research types and settings, often including interaction with ‘representatives’ of communities. There is relatively little published experience of community engagement in international research settings, with available information focusing on Community Advisory Boards or Groups (CAB/CAGs), or variants of these, where CAB/G members often advise researchers on behalf of the communities they represent. In this paper we describe a network of community members (‘KEMRI Community Representatives’, or ‘KCRs’) linked to a large multi‐disciplinary research programme on the Kenyan Coast. Unlike many CAB/Gs, the intention with the KCR network has evolved to be for members to represent the geographical areas in which a diverse range of health studies are conducted through being typical of those communities. We draw on routine reports, self‐administered questionnaires and interviews to: 1) document how typical KCR members are of the local communities in terms of basic characteristics, and 2) explore KCR's perceptions of their roles, and of the benefits and challenges of undertaking these roles. We conclude that this evolving network is a potentially valuable way of strengthening interactions between a research institution and a local geographic community, through contributing to meeting intrinsic ethical values such as showing respect, and instrumental values such as improving consent processes. However, there are numerous challenges involved. Other ways of interacting with members of local communities, including community leaders, and the most vulnerable groups least likely to be vocal in representative groups, have always been, and remain, essential.
The impact of complementary and alternative medicine on hip development in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Willoughby Kate , Jachno Kim , Ang Soon Ghee , Thomason Pam , Graham H Kerr 
Published: February 2013

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approaches on long‐term surgical requirements, and clinical and radiographic outcomes for children with cerebral palsy and hip displacement.MethodTwenty‐three children with cerebral palsy and early hip displacement who were offered preventive hip surgery and whose parents declined in favour of CAM approaches were followed (13 males, 10 females; mean age 13y 9mo [SD 3y 1mo]; mean length of follow‐up 10y 2mo [SD 2y 11mo]; 17 with spastic quadriplegia, two with spastic triplegia, and four with spastic diplegia; three with gross motor function classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] level II, four at level III, six at level IV, and 10 at level V). Principal outcome measures were progression of hip displacement (measured by migration percentage: the percentage of the femoral head sitting outside of the acetabulum), eventual need for reconstructive or salvage surgery, and long‐term hip morphology (classified by the Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale). The results were compared with a previously reported cohort of 46 children who had surgery when recommended (31 males, 15 females; mean age 13y 11mo [SD 1y 6mo]; mean length of follow‐up 10y 10mo; 10 with diplegia and 36 with quadriplegia; three at GMFCS level II, 11 at level III, 20 at level IV, and 12 at level V).ResultsOutcomes for 23 children who had pursued CAM were analysed (mean length of follow‐up 10y 2mo). Hip displacement progressed in one or both hips in all non‐ambulant children (GMFCS level IV or V). Of the 20 children with documented progressive hip displacement, eight developed pain and deformity requiring salvage surgery. An additional 11 children with progressive hip displacement had late reconstructive surgery when symptoms first started. There was strong evidence of a relationship between GMFCS and both progressive hip displacement (χ2=17.78; p=0.001) and final Melbourne Cerebral Palsy Hip Classification Scale grade (odds ratio 12.5; p=0.012; 95% confidence interval 1.7–90.4). There was also evidence of those children who pursued CAM requiring more complex surgery than the group who had surgery when recommended (odds ratio 2.5; p=0.002; 95% confidence interval 1.4–4.5).InterpretationCAM therapy did not apear to influence the progression of hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy. Most children required major reconstructive surgery or salvage surgery despite pursuing CAM.