bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comorbid neuropathology and atypical presentation of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pina‐Escudero Stefanie D. , La Joie Renaud , Spina Salvatore , Hwang Ji‐Hye , Miller Zachary A. , Huang Eric J. , Grant Harli , Mundada Nidhi S. , Boxer Adam L. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Rosen Howard J. , Kramer Joel H. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Grinberg Lea Tenenholz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes present with amnestic and nonamnestic (atypical) syndromes. The contribution of comorbid neuropathology as a substratum of atypical expression of AD remains under investigated.METHODSWe examined whether atypical AD exhibited increased comorbid neuropathology compared to typical AD and if such neuropathologies contributed to the accelerated clinical decline in atypical AD.RESULTSWe examined 60 atypical and 101 typical AD clinicopathological cases. The number of comorbid pathologies was similar between the groups (p = 0.09). Argyrophilic grain disease was associated with atypical presentation (p = 0.008) after accounting for sex, age of onset, and disease duration. Vascular brain injury was more common in typical AD (p = 0.022). Atypical cases had a steeper Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE) decline over time (p = 0.033).DISCUSSIONComorbid neuropathological changes are unlikely to contribute to atypical AD presentation and the steeper cognitive decline seen in this cohort.Highlights
Autopsy cohort of 60 atypical and 101 typical AD; does comorbid pathology explain atypical presentation?
Atypical versus Typical AD: No significant differences in comorbid neuropathologies were found (p = 0.09).
Argyrophilic Grain Disease Association: significantly correlates with atypical AD presentations, suggesting a unique neuropathological pattern (p = 0.008).
Vascular Brain Injury Prevalence: Vascular brain injury is more common in typical AD than in atypical AD (p = 0.022).
Cognitive Decline in Atypical AD: Atypical AD patients experience a steeper cognitive decline measured by MMSE than those with typical AD despite lacking more comorbid neuropathology, highlighting the severity of atypical AD pathogenesis (p = 0.033).
Bimodal response strategy in Daphnia to ambush predation risk
Authors: Lee Marcus , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPredation's consequences can manifest through either consumptive or nonconsumptive effects, but the prey response may also vary depending on the predator hunting strategy. Considerable attention has been paid to coursing predators, whereas less information is available regarding responses to ambush predators. To remedy this paucity, we utilized a three‐dimensional tracking platform to record groups of Daphnia magna under predation risk from the ambush invertebrate predator red‐eyed damselfly, Erythromma najas. This design allowed us to test individual antipredator responses in multiple metrics of swimming behaviors. We demonstrate that predation risk was greatest for those that swam at 85% of the available depth and averaged 8.1 mm/s. Examining the swimming behavior of each individual separately showed that predation risk did not affect any of the prey response metrics. Interestingly, however, Daphnia did conform to one of two strategies while under predation risk: either swim fast high up in the water column or swim slowly close to the bottom. Hence, this dichotomous behavior is driven by strategies combining speed and depth in different constellations. In a broader context, our findings highlight the importance of considering both the spatial and temporal dimensions of predation events in order to correctly detect antipredator responses.
Immune cell profiling of the ICAM1 p.K56M heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk variant
Authors: Gao Jing , Giro Pedro , Delaney Joseph A. , Rasmussen‐Torvik Laura , Taylor Kent D. , Thorp Edward B. , Doyle Margaret F. , Feinstein Matthew J. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Olson Nels , Tracy Russell , Shah Sanjiv J. , Psaty Bruce M. , Patel Ravi B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsIntercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) facilitates inflammation via leucocyte recruitment and has been implicated in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Approximately 35% of African American individuals carry a copy of an ICAM1 missense variant (rs5491; p.K56M), which is associated with an increased risk of HFpEF. The pathways by which rs5491 increases HFpEF risk are not well defined. We evaluated the circulating immune cell profile of rs5491.MethodsAmong African American individuals in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, we evaluated the associations of rs5491 with 29 circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. The top immune cells were then related to echocardiographic measures of structure and function.ResultsAmong 502 individuals with immune cell profiling (mean age 63 years, 51% female), 191 individuals (38%) had at least one copy of rs5491. Each additional rs5491 allele was significantly associated with higher proportions of Tc17 CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (β = 1.34, SE = 0.45, P = 9.5 × 10−5) and Tc2 CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (β = 1.19, SE = 0.44, P = 0.00012). There were no other associations noted between rs5491 and the remaining immune cells. A higher proportion of Tc17 cells was significantly associated with a higher left ventricular ejection fraction, E/e′ average and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), while a higher proportion of Tc2 cells was significantly associated with a higher RVSP.ConclusionsThe ICAM1 p.K56M variant (rs5491) carries a distinct and inflammatory T‐cell subset profile. These cytotoxic T cells are in turn associated with alterations in cardiac function and adverse haemodynamics later in life, thus providing insight into pathways by which rs5491 may increase the risk of HFpEF.
Realizing precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Remaining challenges and potential opportunities
Authors: Stamatopoulos Kostas , Pavlova Sarka , Al‐Sawaf Othman , Chatzikonstantinou Thomas , Karamanidou Christina , Gaidano Gianluca , Cymbalista Florence , Kater Arnon P. , Rawstron Andy , Scarfò Lydia , Ghia Paolo , Rosenquist Richard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPatients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibit diverse clinical outcomes. An expanding array of genetic tests is now employed to facilitate the identification of patients with high‐risk disease and inform treatment decisions. These tests encompass molecular cytogenetic analysis, focusing on recurrent chromosomal alterations, particularly del(17p). Additionally, sequencing is utilized to identify TP53 mutations and to determine the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene. Concurrently, a swift advancement of targeted treatment has led to the implementation of novel strategies for patients with CLL, including kinase and BCL2 inhibitors. This review explores both current and emerging diagnostic tests aimed at identifying high‐risk patients who should benefit from targeted therapies. We outline existing treatment paradigms, emphasizing the importance of matching the right treatment to the right patient beyond genetic stratification, considering the crucial balance between safety and efficacy. We also take into consideration the practical and logistical issues when choosing a management strategy for each individual patient. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance and stress the relevance of monitoring measurable residual disease to guide treatment decisions. Finally, we underscore the necessity of aggregating real‐world data, adopting a global perspective, and ensuring patient engagement. Taken together, we argue that precision medicine is not the mere application of precision diagnostics and accessibility of precision therapies in CLL but encompasses various aspects of the patient journey (e.g., lifestyle exposures and comorbidities) and their preferences toward achieving true personalized medicine for patients with CLL.
Crystal clear: How leaders and coworkers together shape role clarity and well‐being for employees in social care
Authors: Zettna Nate , Yam Cheryl , Kunzelmann Arian , Forner Vivien W. , Dey Shanta , Askovic Mina , Johnson Anya , Nguyen Helena , Jolly Anupama , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWorking in social care is fraught with challenges fueled by changing policies, funding structures, societal expectations, and high relational demands, leaving employees in this sector particularly vulnerable to poor well‐being. In this study, we focus on the importance of a supportive work context—specifically coworker instrumental support and leaders' role clarity—in enabling employee role clarity, and how this can foster better mental health and reduce fatigue from ongoing changes in the sector. We ran a multilevel moderated mediation model on a sample of 270 social care employees matched with 47 leaders across two disability care organizations in Australia. Results showed that coworker instrumental support promotes role clarity, which in turn is associated with lower psychological distress and change fatigue, and higher job satisfaction. The positive relationship between coworker instrumental support and role clarity, and the subsequent relationships with well‐being, were stronger when employees had leaders who themselves had role clarity. Our findings highlight the importance of a supportive work context and role clarity as malleable levers in enabling a sustainable social care workforce and provide new theoretical and practical insights for human resource management in the social care sector.
Routine maneuvers in eutocic breech vaginal delivery at term: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Touleimat Salma , Braund Sophia , Delorme Pierre , Diguet Alain , Goffinet François , Hennebert Cécile , Verspyck Eric ,   for the PREMODA study group
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo study neonatal and maternal outcomes associated with routine maneuvers in breech vaginal delivery at term.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of the multicenter PREMODA observational prospective study in France and Belgium. We included women with vaginal breech delivery, excluding those who underwent maneuvers to resolve a dystocic delivery. Maternal data and characteristics of labor, in addition to neonatal and maternal outcomes, were recorded. We defined two groups according to mode of delivery; breech vaginal delivery with or without routine maneuvers, and we compared the variables between the groups. To assess the factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, a multivariate logistic regression with adjustment for confounders was performed.ResultsOf the 2502 women with planned vaginal deliveries, 1794 were delivered vaginally, 606 of whom were excluded from the study due to maneuvers performed for dystocia. A total of 25 other patients were excluded as a result of missing data. A total of 537 women were included in the routine maneuvers group and 626 women in the no maneuvers group. Adverse perinatal outcome was similar for the two groups (4.5% vs 5.0%, P = 0.65) and no neonatal deaths were reported. Third degree perineal tear and postpartum hemorrhage >1 L rates were comparable for the two groups. After adjustment, the factors associated with adverse perinatal outcomes were primiparity and birth weight <2500 g.ConclusionRoutine maneuvers were not associated with an increase in neonatal morbidity in our population.
Incorporation of immunotherapy and biological targeted therapy in primary anti‐cancer treatment in gynecologic malignancy
Authors: Lee Matthew W. , Pino Christian , Vallejo Andrew , Wright Jason D. , Matsuo Koji 
Published: July 2024

SynopsisImmunotherapy and/or biological targeted therapy is increasingly being incorporated into initial anti‐cancer treatment regimens for gynecologic malignancy from 2013‐2020 in the USA.
Medical termination of pregnancy with digoxin in a patient affected by severe congenital toxoplasmosis
Authors: Simón‐Cid Verónica , López‐Ramón y Cajal Carlos N. , González‐Boubeta Roberto , Couceiro‐Naveira Emilio 
Published: July 2024

SynopsisIntrafetal digoxin is a safer and effective alternative to perform medical termination of pregnancy over intracardiac potassium chloride in cases of massive placental inflammation, such as congenital infections.
Sub‐nano cluster decoration for the manipulation of the photogenerated carrier behavior of MoS2
Authors: Duan Ran , Qi Weihong , Tang Kewei , Liu Weimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor most applications based on the photoelectric effect, uncontrollable photogenerated carrier behavior, such as trapping and recombination, is a common issue that reduces the carrier utilization efficiency. Herein, a sub‐nano cluster (Pd, Ru, and PdRu alloy) decoration strategy is proposed to manipulate the photogenerated carrier behavior in MoS2 to optimize the optoelectronic properties. After decoration, electrons can flow into sub‐nano cluster through PdS bonds and then return to MoS2 through RuS bonds at the sub‐nano cluster/MoS2 interface when holes are left in the channel for collection to achieve efficient carrier separation. In addition, the formation of metalS bonds also leads to the generation of mid‐gap states, which enables light absorption over a wide wavelength range. Therefore, the photodetector based on PdRu/MoS2 shows broadband photodetection ability from 532 to 1550 nm with high responsivity/external quantum efficiency of 310.8 A W−1/7 × 104% (532 nm), 4.2 A W−1/527% (980 nm), and 7.14 mA W−1/0.5% (1550 nm), as well as a fast response speed (rise/decay time of 11.5/12.0 ms). Our work offers new insight into manipulating the photogenerated carrier behavior to optimize the performance of semiconducting 2D materials for practical optoelectronic applications.image
Comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for aseptic loosening in cemented total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yao Kaiyi , Chen Yao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeAseptic loosening is the most common cause for revisions after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Despite many studies exploring various risk factors associated with aseptic loosening, findings often present inconsistencies. To address this, we conducted a thorough review of the literature to identify and analyse these risk factors in cemented TKA. Additionally, we performed a meta‐analysis to reconcile the divergent conclusions observed across studies.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from 1996 up to 2024 and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Seventy‐four studies were included to assess the association of BMI, diabetes, high physical activity (HPA), osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cement material and implant design. Twenty‐nine studies were used to calculate relative risk and CIs (using the random effects theory) and study heterogeneity for six different risk factors (BMI, diabetes, HPA level, cement material, polyethylene and implant design).ResultsPatients with diabetes are eight times more likely to experience aseptic loosening compared to those without diabetes (RR = 9.18, 95% CI: 1.80−46.77, p < 0.01). The use of tibial stem extension or highly crosslinked polyethylene can help reduce the incidence of aseptic loosening. However, we did not identify BMI, HPA, osteoporosis, RA, the use of high‐viscosity cement and the utilization of mobile‐bearing designs as risk factors for aseptic loosening post‐cemented TKA.ConclusionsPatients with diabetes undergoing TKA should be counselled regarding their potential increased risk of aseptic loosening. The use of tibial stem extensions and HXLPE can mitigate the incidence of aseptic loosening in cemented TKA. However, given a limited number of studies were included in the meta‐analysis, we believe that higher‐level studies are necessary to clearly identify other risk factors.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Multiplex PCR in septic arthritis and periprosthetic joint infections microorganism identification: Results from the application of a new molecular testing diagnostic algorithm
Authors: Ghirardelli Stefano , Scaggiante Federica , Troi Christina , Valpiana Pieralberto , Cristofolini Giovanni , Aloisi Giuseppe , Violante Bruno , Russo Arcangelo , Schaller Sebastian , Indelli Pier F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposePathogen identification is key in the treatment of septic arthritis (SA) and periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). This study evaluates the outcome of the application of a new, score‐based SA and PJI diagnostic algorithm, which includes the execution of molecular testing on synovial fluid.MethodsA score‐based diagnostic algorithm, which includes serologic and synovial fluid markers determination using multiplex PCR (mPCR) and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) molecular testing, has been applied to a consecutive series of patients with clinically suspected SA or PJI. Patients with a score ≥6 underwent synovial fluid molecular testing, together with traditional culture, to identify the pathogen and its genetically determined antibiotic resistance.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen joints in 117 patients (62.5% women; average age 73 years) met the criteria for possible SA/PJI. The affected joint was the knee in 87.5% (joint replacement 66.5%; native joint 21%) and the hip in 12.5% (all replaced joints). 43/117 patients (36.7%) were ultimately diagnosed with SA/PJI. Among the various testing technologies applied, mPCR was the main determinant for pathogen identification in 63%, standard culture in 26%, and mNGS in 11%. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis were the top two microorganisms identified by mPCR, while Staphylococcus epidermidis was the prevalent organism identified by NGS. mPCR detected the presence/absence of the genetically determined antibiotic resistance of all identified microorganisms. The average timeframe for pathogen identification was 3.13 h for mPCR, 4.5 days for culture, and 3.2 days for NGS.ConclusionsMolecular diagnostic technologies represent an innovative screening for fast microorganism identification when a joint infection is clinically suspected.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, case series.
Characterizing electronic messaging use among hospitalists and its association with patient volumes
Authors: Brickson Claire , Keniston Angela , Knees Michelle , Burden Marisha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSecure electronic messaging is increasingly being utilized for communications in healthcare settings. While it likely increases efficiency, it has also been associated with interruptions, high message volumes, and risk of errors due to multitasking.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize patterns of secure messaging among hospitalists to understand the volume of messages, message patterns, and impact on hospitalist workload.MethodsThis was a retrospective cross‐sectional study of Epic Secure Chat secure electronic messages received and sent by hospitalists from April 1 to April 30, 2023 at a large academic medical center. Number of conversations per day, number of chats sent and accessed per hour, and average minutes between when a chat was sent and accessed (lag time) were analyzed using a Pearson correlation coefficient test. Measures were plotted against patient volume and time of day.ResultsHospitalists sent or received an average of 130 messages per day with an average of 13 messages sent or received per hour. The median lag time was 39 s. There was a statistically significant correlation between hospital medicine morning census and number of conversations per day, number of chats sent per hour, and number of chats accessed per hour, but census did not impact lag time.ConclusionSecure messaging volumes may be higher than previously reported, which may affect hospitalist workload and workflow and have unintended effects on interruptions, multitasking, and medical errors. Additional work should be done to better understand local messaging patterns and opportunities to optimize volume of work and distractions.
CNS/PNS proteoglycans functionalize neuronal and astrocyte niche microenvironments optimizing cellular activity by preserving membrane polarization dynamics, ionic microenvironments, ion fluxes, neuronal activation, and network neurotransductive capacity
Authors: Melrose James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCentral and peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) proteoglycans (PGs) have diverse functional roles, this study examined how these control cellular behavior and tissue function. The CNS/PNS extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic, responsive, highly interactive, space‐filling, cell supportive, stabilizing structure maintaining tissue compartments, ionic microenvironments, and microgradients that regulate neuronal activity and maintain the neuron in an optimal ionic microenvironment. The CNS/PNS contains a high glycosaminoglycan content (60% hyaluronan, HA) and a diverse range of stabilizing PGs. Immobilization of HA in brain tissues by HA interactive hyalectan PGs preserves tissue hydration and neuronal activity, a paucity of HA in brain tissues results in a pro‐convulsant epileptic phenotype. Diverse CS, KS, and HSPGs stabilize the blood–brain barrier and neurovascular unit, provide smart gel neurotransmitter neuron vesicle storage and delivery, organize the neuromuscular junction basement membrane, and provide motor neuron synaptic plasticity, and photoreceptor and neuron synaptic functions. PG‐HA networks maintain ionic fluxes and microgradients and tissue compartments that contribute to membrane polarization dynamics essential to neuronal activation and neurotransduction. Hyalectans form neuroprotective perineuronal nets contributing to synaptic plasticity, memory, and cognitive learning. Sialoglycoprotein associated with cones and rods (SPACRCAN), an HA binding CSPG, stabilizes the inter‐photoreceptor ECM. HSPGs pikachurin and eyes shut stabilize the photoreceptor synapse aiding in phototransduction and neurotransduction with retinal bipolar neurons crucial to visual acuity. This is achieved through Laminin G motifs in pikachurin, eyes shut, and neurexins that interact with the dystroglycan–cytoskeleton–ECM‐stabilizing synaptic interconnections, neuronal interactive specificity, and co‐ordination of regulatory action potentials in neural networks.
From the kitchen to the medicine cabinet: Examples of food products and supplements used for therapeutic intent
Authors: Gura Kathleen M. , Chan Alvin , Zong Wenjing , Pai Nikhil , Duro Debora 
Published: July 2024

Abstract“Food as medicine” has existed for centuries as the foundation of health for many cultures around the globe. It is a practice built on the knowledge that food and diet play important roles in disease prevention and management. Foods that claim to have therapeutic properties are often referred to as functional foods. These foods contain a number of nutritional and nonnutritional compounds that can interact with pharmacologically relevant receptors, either directly or indirectly via their metabolites, to regulate cellular biochemical processes. Although opinions are changing, the concept of food as a therapeutic intervention goes against conventional Western medicine. To provide guidance to clinicians interested in using these products, members of the Food as Medicine working group of the Nutrition Committee NASPGHAN, as part of a two‐part review series, have created summaries of several frequently used nutritional products for therapeutic intent (i.e., fermented foods, fiber, and long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids) that includes indications, doses, and caveats. Gaps in their use in pediatric patients are discussed. Evidence supporting their use for management of gastrointestinal conditions, especially in the pediatric population, is provided when available.