bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spot weld element formulation and implementation for mesh‐insensitive fatigue evaluation of lightweight structures
Authors: Zhang Lunyu , Wu Shengjia , Dong Pingsha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the rising importance of virtual engineering in an increasingly competitive marketplace, there is a growing need for simplified representations of finite element (FE) modeling for spot joints in lightweight structures without losing accuracy in structural life evaluation. For this purpose, this paper presents a spot weld element with an implicit weld representation and its numerical implementation as a user element for deployment in commercial FE code for reliably computing traction structural stress in a mesh‐insensitive manner. The spot weld element is formulated by degenerating conventional first‐order four‐nodes shell elements by imposing kinematic constraints with respect to a series of virtual nodes placed in the region around a spot weld. The simplicity and effectiveness of the spot weld element have been validated by comparing with the explicit weld representation for computing mesh‐insensitive structural stresses and fatigue life correlation of welded components.
Normalized difference vegetation index analysis reveals increase of biomass production and stability during the conversion from conventional to organic farming
Authors: Serrano‐Grijalva Lilia , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Veen G. F. (Ciska) , Repeto‐Deudero Irene , Van Rijssel Sophie Q. , Koorneef Guusje J. , Van der Putten Wim H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMonitoring agriculture by remote sensing enables large‐scale evaluation of biomass production across space and time. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used as a proxy for green biomass. Here, we used satellite‐derived NDVI of arable farms in the Netherlands to evaluate changes in biomass following conversion from conventional to organic farming. We compared NDVI and the stability of NDVI across 72 fields on sand and marine clay soils. Thirty‐six of these fields had been converted into organic agriculture between 0 and 50 years ago (with 2017 as reference year), while the other 36 were paired control fields where conventional farming continued. We used high‐resolution images from the Sentinel‐2 satellite to obtain NDVI estimates across 5 years (January 2016–October 2020). Overall, NDVI did not differ between conventional and organic management during the time series, but NDVI stability was significantly higher under organic management. NDVI was lower under organic management in sandy, but not in clay, soils. Organic farms that had been converted less than ~19 years ago had lower NDVI than conventional farms. However, the difference diminished over time and eventually turned positive after ~19 years since the conversion. NDVI, averaged across the 5 years of study, was positively correlated to soil Olsen‐P measured from soil samples collected in 2017. We conclude that NDVI in organic fields was more stable than in conventional fields, and that the lower biomass in the early years since the transition to organic agriculture can be overcome with time. Our study also indicates the role of soil P bioavailability for plant biomass production across the examined fields, and the benefit of combining remote sensing with on‐site soil measurements to develop a more mechanistic understanding that may help us navigate the transition to a more sustainable type of agriculture.
Digital platforms for (female) domestic workers in Chile: Precarization, invisibilization, and mercantilization
Authors: Rodríguez‐Covarrubias Natalie , Álvarez‐Figueroa Francisca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital platforms for Domestic Workers (DW) are widespread, entailing work management and employment challenges. In Chile, DW has inherited colonial and class dynamics that are still present. Besides, this role has shown a significant occupation rate where one out of 10 women is DW; from this, one of every three are migrants. This study aims to analyze digital platforms for DW in Chile critically. For this, following Fairclough's model (1989), we develop a Critical Discourse Analysis through the micro (textual), meso (production), and macro (Sociocultural) levels in three Chilean digital platforms for DW. The results expose how the platforms are organized and how the DW as a subject is conceived. In this sense, personal characteristics, such as age, gender, nationality, and lifestyle, are marketized as part of a product where workers are easily replaceable, unveiling the commodification of DW. Hence, there is a dominance and commodification over the worker's time, private life, and corporality, a dynamic that we call chronoproperty. We discuss that DW's labor is presented as a good rather than a service, reflecting on the managerial system built in Chilean society through discourses and practices. We reflect on the international implications of our findings amidst the rise of digital platforms for DW and the need to advance toward an intersectional understanding of the working logic, considering that domestic work is mostly performed by migrant women crossed by class and race dynamics.
Understanding Co‐Creation in a Research Partnership Programme Exploring Patient‐Driven Innovations: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jansson Hanna , Luckhaus Jamie L. , Hasson Henna , Mazzocato Pamela , Stenfors Terese , Wannheden Carolina 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundResearch indicates that successful co‐creation depends on a shared understanding of co‐creation and its related concepts. However, it also shows that, in practice, views on co‐creation and how to do it differ. This study aims to explore how patient innovators and researchers in a partnership research programme understand co‐creation and how this understanding changes over time.MethodsAn explorative longitudinal qualitative study was conducted with the ‘Patients in the Driver's Seat’ partnership research programme. Fifty‐eight interviews were performed and analysed using a reflexive thematic approach.FindingsFour different ways of understanding co‐creation were identified. These can be instrumentally conceptualized as themes using the inputs‐process‐outputs model: (1) combining different perspectives, experiences and backgrounds (inputs); (2) deliberately dynamic and exploratory (process); (3) striving for equity, not equality (process); and (4) diverse value creation, tangible and intangible (outputs). Together, these themes represent the varied understandings of co‐creation among partnership programme members.ConclusionsOur study of patient innovators and researchers identified four distinct yet complementary understandings of co‐creation. The study suggests that co‐creation is the sum of its essential components, which can be divided into inputs, process, and outputs.Patient or Public ContributionThis study, and the partnership programme it explored, aims to improve the relevance of research for patients and informal caregivers through an improved understanding of the concept of co‐creation within research on patient innovation. All patient innovators involved in the programme were invited, as interviewees and researchers, to contribute to the study design and data analysis.
Enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids rich in α‐linolenic acid: impacts of triacylglycerol profile on physicochemical characteristics
Authors: Liu Xuan , He Shi , Mu Lixia , Liu Jun , Zhou Pengfei , Liao Sentai , Wang Weifei 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMedium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols rich in α‐linolenic acid (ALA‐MLCT) are a kind of functional structural lipids that provide ω‐3 fatty acid and faster energy supply to human body. To improve the functional and nutritional properties of vegetable oils, we proposed an effective strategy for the synthesis of ALA‐MLCT by enzymatic interesterification of coconut oil and flaxseed oil. Lipase UM1 exhibited the highest interesterification activity compared with commercial Lipozyme RM IM, Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435. MLCT (76.59%) and ALA‐MLCT (45.03%) were obtained under the optimum reaction conditions: substrate molar ratio (coconut oil/flaxseed oil) 1:1, temperature 40 °C, Lipase UM1 loading 25 U g‑1. Furthermore, we identified 14 characteristic triacylglycerols molecules between enzymatic interesterification and physical blend by orthogonal partial least squares‐discrimination analysis (OPLS‐DA) model. The content of triunsaturated type triacylglycerols in enzymatic interesterification product (11.29%) was lower than that of physical blend (36.25%). Enzymatic interesterification product had lower solid fat content and 2.44 times oxidative stability than physical blend. These findings provide an effective strategy for the synthesis of functional ALA‐MLCT and advance the understanding of the relationship between triacylglycerols composition and physicochemical characteristics.
Biopsychosocial predictors of rapid weight gain from birth to 6 months
Authors: Leerkes Esther M. , Buehler Cheryl , Wideman Laurie , Chen Yu , Shriver Lenka H. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryBackgroundChildhood obesity remains a public health crisis and identification of unique prenatal and early infancy predictors of obesity risk are critically needed.ObjectivesWe test a comprehensive biopsychosocial model of the predictors of rapid weight gain (RWG) in the first 6 months of life.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety nine pregnant women and their infants participated. Maternal prenatal psychobiological risk (PPBR) was assessed during the third trimester via maternal anthropometrics, serum biomarkers (insulin, leptin, adiponectin), and maternal report of pregnancy complications, substance use, mental health and stress. Infant stress reactivity was measured at 2 months (cortisol output, resting RSA, observed irritability, negative emotionality). At 2 and 6 months, maternal self‐report of obesogenic feeding practices and observed maternal sensitivity during three tasks were collected. RWG was classified based on change in weight‐for‐age z scores from birth to 6 months (>0.67 SD).ResultsObesogenic feeding practices predicted greater likelihood of RWG, β = 0.30, p = .0.01, independent of other predictors and covariates. Obesogenic feeding practices was the only proposed intervening mechanism that produced a significant indirect effect of PPBR on RWG, b = 0.05, S.E. = 0.04, 95% CI [0.002, 0.15], β = 0.06.ConclusionIdentifying proclivity towards obesogenic feeding practices and providing support to reduce these behaviours may enhance childhood obesity prevention efforts.
Machine Learning Model Reveals Determinators for Admission to Acute Mental Health Wards From Emergency Department Presentations
Authors: Higgins Oliver , Chalup Stephan K. , Wilson Rhonda L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis research addresses the critical issue of identifying factors contributing to admissions to acute mental health (MH) wards for individuals presenting to the emergency department (ED) with MH concerns as their primary issue, notably suicidality. This study aims to leverage machine learning (ML) models to assess the likelihood of admission to acute MH wards for this vulnerable population. Data collection for this study used existing ED data from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021. Data selection was based on specific criteria related to the presenting problem. Analysis was conducted using Python and the Interpretable Machine Learning (InterpretML) machine learning library. InterpretML calculates overall importance based on the mean absolute score, which was used to measure the impact of each feature on admission. A person's ‘Age’ and ‘Triage category’ are ranked significantly higher than ‘Facility identifier’, ‘Presenting problem’ and ‘Active Client’. The contribution of other presentation features on admission shows a minimal effect. Aligning the models closely with service delivery will help services understand their service users and provide insight into financial and clinical variations. Suicidal ideation negatively correlates to admission yet represents the largest number of presentations. The nurse's role at triage is a critical factor in assessing the needs of the presenting individual. The gap that emerges in this context is significant; MH triage requires a complex understanding of MH and presents a significant challenge in the ED. Further research is required to explore the role that ML can provide in assisting clinicians in assessment.
EU Emissions Trading for Transport and Buildings: Saved by Synergistic Institutional Interaction?
Authors: Wettestad Jørgen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the proposal for an EU emissions trading system for transport and buildings (the ETS2), again with the EU as an international pioneer. How did this controversial proposal come to be adopted in 2023? This study links up to recent EU studies highlighting co‐ordination and interaction between the EU institutions. The Commission helped bring about the ETS2 by strategically using different types of issue linking, both positively and more coercively. In the Parliament, senior members of the European Parliament managed to increase support for the ETS2 by inter‐institutional networking and achieving concessions as to flexible mechanisms. Amongst the member states, heavyweight ETS2 proponents had help from the Commission in bringing sceptical countries on board. Hence, several types of synergistic interaction can be noted, facilitated also by trilogues as the more intimate arena for final compromises. Not least, the increasing role of policy packaging highlights the need for further research on changing inter‐institutional dynamics.
The Role of Astrocyte‐Neuron Lactate Shuttle in Neuropathic Orofacial Pain
Authors: Hu Yinyin , Zou Hequn , Zhong Zhijun , Li Qi , Zeng Qinghong , Ouyang Qian , Zou Xueliang , Wang Mengmeng , Luo Yaxing , Yao Dongyuan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundInhibition of astrocytic energy metabolism alleviates neuropathic pain.ObjectivesTo explore whether astrocyte‐neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) played any role in neuropathic orofacial pain.MethodsRats with partial transection of the right infraorbital nerve (p‐IONX) or sham operation were intrathecally injected with acetazolamide (a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor), bithionol (a soluble adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid [α‐CHCA, a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor] or vehicle once a day from postoperative day 1–14. The facial mechanical thresholds were tested on preoperative day 1 and 2 and postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14, expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) and MCTs in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) were examined on the postoperative day 3 and neuronal activities in the Vc were examined in the p‐IONX rats on postoperative days 3–5.ResultsCompared with the sham group, the mechanical thresholds in the p‐IONX group were significantly reduced at postoperative days 1–7, and the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 was significantly increased on postoperative day 3. In the p‐IONX groups, neurons in the Vc were sensitised, and acetazolamide, bithionol and α‐CHCA reversed the central sensitisation, significantly increased the mechanical thresholds at postoperative days 1–7 and decreased the number of astrocytes expressing GLUT1 and MCT1/4, and neurons expressing MCT2 at postoperative day 3 compared with those in the vehicle‐treated rats.ConclusionsInhibition of ANLS alleviates p‐IONX‐related neuronal, behavioural and immunohistochemical changes, which suggests that ANLS plays an important role in trigeminal neuropathic pain.
Multimodal courtship communication in a wolf spider
Authors: Lallo M. M. , Uetz G. W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany animals communicate using multiple sensory modes (e.g., vibratory, visual, chemical), and there is current interest in the role of multimodal signals in mate choice. We tested the hypotheses that male Gladicosa bellamyi wolf spiders (Lycosidae) court females using multimodal signals and that these signals were related to male mating success. Using a laser Doppler vibrometer and video camera, we characterized the vibratory and visual courtship signals of male G. bellamyi. Males courted females with a vibratory signal made of three components: pulses of stridulation, abdominal percussion, and a third unknown percussive element (presumed to arise from rapid abdomen tapping), along with two unique visual displays, a foreleg extension/tap and squared leg arch. Female G. bellamyi show no apparent vibratory signals, but possess visual receptivity displays comparable to some other female lycosid species. We found a strong correlation between the vibratory stridulation component and the visual foreleg extension/tapping display of males, suggesting a multimodal signal. Higher rates of courtship signaling, both visual and vibratory, were associated with increased copulatory success. We conclude that male G. bellamyi exhibits multimodal courtship communication, with simultaneous complex vibratory signals and visual displays, and that higher rates of these signals increase the probability of mating in this species.
Magmatic evolution of KREEP‐free lunar meteorite Asuka‐881757 inferred from sector‐zoned clinopyroxene, pyroxene symplectites, and thermodynamic modeling
Authors: Srivastava Y. , Basu Sarbadhikari A. , Yamaguchi A. , Takenouchi A. , Day J. M. D. , Ubide T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLunar basaltic meteorite Asuka‐881757 (A‐881757), a member of the source crater paired YAMM meteorites (Yamato‐793169, A‐881757, Miller Range 05035 and Meteorite Hills 01210), provides information on potassium‐rare earth element‐phosphorous (KREEP)‐free magmatic sources within the Moon. Asuka‐881757 is an unbrecciated and Fe‐rich (Mg# 36) gabbro with coarse pyroxene (2–8 mm) and plagioclase (1–3 mm). The coarse pyroxene preserves mm‐scale, near‐complete hour‐glass sector zoning with strong Ca and Fe partitioning, similar to some Fe‐rich Apollo basalts. In contrast to the most Mg‐rich Apollo basalts, A‐881757 contains various types of symplectites (~8 vol%) formed by the breakdown of pyroxferroite due to slow cooling, resembling a few extreme Fe‐rich (Mg# 40) Apollo basalts. Petrographic observations and thermodynamic modeling suggest crystallizing in the order: Fe‐poor pyroxenes (Mg# 58–55) → co‐crystallized plagioclase and Fe‐rich pyroxenes (Mg# 49–20) → late‐stage assemblage including Fe‐augite, Fayalite, and Fe‐Ti oxides. Combining phase stability at variable P–T with petrographic observations, the minimum depth of formation of the A‐881757 parent magma can be constrained to between 60 and 100 km. KREEP‐free basalts (such as A‐881757 and the YAMM meteorites) originated from a relatively shallow mantle source and later underwent polybaric crystallization that occurred prior to eruption at the lunar surface. In contrast, the Apollo mare basalts mostly crystallized within lava flows from relatively deeper‐seated mantle sources. The crystallization of A‐881757 and other YAMM meteorites is unlike most Apollo basalts from the Procellarum KREEP terrane, and likely represent hidden cryptomare basalts close to lunar surface.
Kinetic analysis of dehydration/dehydroxylation from carbonaceous chondrites by in situ heating experiments under an infrared microscope
Authors: Zheng Mengyan , Kebukawa Yoko , Hayashi Yuka , Kobayashi Kensei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCI, CM, and CR carbonaceous chondrites contain hydrous minerals, indicating that their parent bodies underwent aqueous alteration at low temperatures. Some of these chondrites, such as heated CM, CI, and CY chondrites, experienced thermal dehydration by impacts or solar radiation after aqueous alteration. This study conducted heating experiments on carbonaceous chondrites and evaluated their dehydration/dehydroxylation kinetics in an effort to explain the thermal history of the parent asteroids of heated carbonaceous chondrites using their degrees of dehydration/dehydroxylation of hydrous minerals. Murchison (CM2.5) and Ivuna (CI1), relatively primitive (having not undergone thermal alteration) carbonaceous chondrites, were used as starting materials. Weakening in the OH band at ~3680 cm−1 (2.72 μm) with isothermal heating at 350–500°C (Murchison) and 450–525°C (Ivuna) were observed under in situ infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) equipped with a heating stage. To determine the rate constants, the decrease in the OH band was fitted using kinetic models such as first‐order reactions, two‐dimensional diffusion, and three‐dimensional diffusion. The apparent activation energies and frequency factors were determined using the Arrhenius equation. Time–temperature transformation diagrams were drawn to represent the decrease in the OH‐band intensity as a function of temperature and heating duration. Such kinetic approaches can provide constraints on the temperature and time of the dehydration/dehydroxylation processes and enable us to estimate long‐term effects from experiments in the laboratory within a short time.
A formative study of the sociocultural influences on dietary behaviours during pregnancy in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Khaled Nazrana , Kalbarczyk Anna , Zavala Eleonor , Rahman Atiya , de Boer Mary , Chakraborty Barnali , Rahman Hafizur , Ali Hasmot , Haque Rezwanul , Ayesha Kaniz , Siddiqua Towfida J. , Afsana Kaosar , Christian Parul , Thorne‐Lyman Andrew L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBalanced energy protein supplementation (BEP) is recommended for contexts of high maternal undernutrition by the World Health Organization. Despite recent improvements in undernutrition, Bangladesh remains a context where BEP could help accelerate progress towards nutrition goals. In preparation for an effective trial testing a fortified BEP, a qualitative study was undertaken to better understand sociocultural factors influencing dietary behaviours in pregnancy. Married women of reproductive age (n = 23), their husbands (n = 6) and mothers‐in‐law (n = 6) were interviewed, and focus group discussions were conducted with women (n = 4). Women had a clear understanding of which nutritious foods are important to consume during pregnancy, including green leafy vegetables, dairy and other animal‐source foods. Many explained affordability as a barrier to consuming those foods with the desired frequency. Women acquired information about diet and nutrition in pregnancy from community health workers as well as other women in the community. Most preferred to seek information from their own networks before formal health care providers. Women and husbands generally had positive views about micronutrient supplements, although some mothers‐in‐law were more hesitant. Some food taboos relating to the consumption of certain foods like duck and pigeon meat persist, mainly stemming from concerns for the unborn child. Opportunities exist to build on existing perceptions of healthy diets, potentially framing food or nutrient supplements as a beneficial ‘add‐on’ to promote a healthy pregnancy. There is a scope to strengthen nutrition counselling, especially for the family members, to dispel myths and misconceptions and promote dietary and other support for pregnant women.