bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Care Delivery Model to Address Obesity in Older African‐American Women: Senior Wellness Initiative and Take Off Pounds Sensibly Collaboration for Health (SWITCH)
Authors: Mitchell Nia S. , Polsky Sarit 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility and acceptability of integrating Take Off Pounds Sensibly (TOPS), a national nonprofit weight‐loss program through which people have lost a clinically significant amount of weight, into a community program that serves African Americans (AAs) and to determine weight change.DesignSingle‐group pilot design.SettingDenver, Colorado.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling participants aged 51 to 85.InterventionParticipants were recruited through a program that serves AAs, and new TOPS chapters were started at a church, senior center, and senior residence for independent living.MeasurementsFeasibility was measured by determining the ease of recruitment and acceptability was measured according to retention. The secondary outcome was weight change.ResultsSixty‐four percent of people who were referred to the program or attended an information session participated in the study. The retention rate at 52 weeks was 79%. At 52 weeks, 16 of 48 participants had lost 5% or more of their initial weight, and 23 had lost 0% to 4.9% of their initial weight.ConclusionsRecruiting AA women through the Center for African American Health was feasible, and the program was acceptable. One‐third of participants lost a clinically significant amount of weight. TOPS may be one way to combat the health disparity of obesity in AA women.
Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: 2002–2012 Literature Review
Authors: Moreno Gerardo , Mangione Carol M. 
Published: November 2013

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic conditions in older adults and is often accompanied by comorbidities and geriatric syndromes. The management of cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults with DM is important to clinicians. The literature was reviewed from 2002 to 2012 to provide an American Geriatrics Society expert panel with an evidence base for updating and making new recommendations for improving the care of older adults with type 2 DM. This review includes only the domains of the management of blood pressure, lipid control, glycemic control, and use of aspirin. Over the last 10 years, new randomized controlled trials (RCT) designed to study different blood pressure treatment targets did not find evidence that intensive systolic blood pressure control (<130 mmHg) resulted in lower rates of myocardial infarction and mortality than less‐intensive control. There are risks of side effects with achieving systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mmHg. Lipid‐lowering statins are effective in reducing cardiovascular events in middle‐aged and older adults, but data on niacin and fibrates is limited. Trials of statins and other lipid‐lowering agents do not evaluate the cardiovascular effects on outcomes from treating lipids to different low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol targets. No RCTs of lipid‐lowering drugs enrolled significant numbers of adults aged 80 and older with or without DM. Three major RCTs that investigated intensive glycemic control did not find reductions in primary cardiovascular endpoints, and one study reported greater mortality with glycosylated hemoglobin of less than 6%. Two recently published RCTs were designed to study the cardiovascular benefits of aspirin use by individuals with DM. Neither trial found significantly fewer primary cardiovascular endpoints with aspirin than in control groups. Overall, RCTs enrolled few adults aged 80 and older or with significant comorbidities. More research is needed for clinicians to effectively customize care to older adults with DM because of heterogeneity in health status, comorbidities, duration of disease, frailty and functional status, and differences in life expectancy.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity Is Related to Cognitive Function in Older Adults
Authors: Kerr Jacqueline , Marshall Simon J. , Patterson Ruth E. , Marinac Catherine R. , Natarajan Loki , Rosenberg Dori , Wasilenko Kari , Crist Katie 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between cognitive functioning and time spent at different intensities of physical activity (PA) in free‐living older adults.DesignCross sectional analyses.SettingContinuing care retirement communities.ParticipantsOlder adults residing in seven continuing care retirement communities in San Diego County with an average age of 83; 70% were female, and 35% had a graduate‐level education (N = 217).MeasurementsPA was measured objectively using hip worn accelerometers with data aggregated to the minute level. Three cut points were used to assess low light‐intensity PA (LLPA), high light‐intensity PA (HLPA), and moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity PA (MVPA). The Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B were completed, and time for each test (seconds) and time for Part B minus time for Part A (seconds) were used as measures of cognitive function. Variables were log‐transformed and entered into linear regression models adjusting for demographic factors (age, education, sex) and other PA intensity variables.ResultsLLPA was not related to any TMT test score. HLPA was significantly related to TMT A, B, and B minus A but only in unadjusted models. MVPA was related to TMT B and B minus A after adjusting for demographic variables.ConclusionThere may be a dose response between PA intensity and cognitive functioning in older adults. The stronger findings supporting a relationship between MVPA and cognitive functioning are consistent with previous observational and intervention studies.
The Contraction of Meaning: The Combined Effect of Communication, Emotions, and Materiality on Sensemaking in the Stockwell Shooting
Authors: Cornelissen Joep P. , Mantere Saku , Vaara Eero 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we seek to understand how individuals, as part of a collective, commit themselves to a single, and possibly erroneous, frame, as a basis for sensemaking and coordinated actions. Using real‐time data from an anti‐terrorist police operation that led to the accidental shooting of an innocent civilian, we analyse how individual actors framed their circumstances in communication with one another and how this affected their subsequent interpretations and actions as events unfolded. Our analysis reveals, first, how the collective commitment to a framing of a civilian as a terrorist suicide bomber was built up and reinforced across episodes of collective sensemaking. Second, we elaborate on how the interaction between verbal communication, expressed and felt emotions, and material cues led to a contraction of meaning. This contraction stabilized and reinforced the overall framing at the exclusion of alternative interpretations. With our study we extend prior sensemaking research on environmental enactment and the escalation of commitment and elaborate on the role of emotions and materiality as part of sensemaking.
Secondary jaw aneurysmal bone cyst (JABC) – a possible misnomer? A review of literature on secondary JABCs, their pathogenesis and oncogenesis
Authors: Arora Srimathy S. , Paul Samrity , Arora Sunil , Kapoor Varun 
Published: November 2013

ContextAneurysmal bone cysts are rare pseudocysts, commonly seen in long bones and vertebral column. Although a well described and reported lesion, many misconceptions still prevail regarding their etiopathogenesis. Many of the reported cases of jaw aneurysmal bone cysts (JABC) present with another bone pathology.AimsThe purpose of this review was to evaluate the incidence of neoplastic lesions occurring simultaneously with a JABC (in contrast to primary JABCs). Any pathogenetic and oncogenetic association between primary and secondary jaw ABCs has been reviewed and discussed.Settings and DesignA methodical narrative review of literature was performed, given the incidence of mostly case reports on this topic.Methods and MaterialA methodical electronic search of Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Medline and Cochrane databases was performed for reported cases of JABC. These articles were analysed and segregated into primary and secondary ABC and, if secondary, the lesion it concurrently occurred with. Another search was conducted to yield articles discussing the cytopathogenetic and oncogenetic origins of ABCs.Results and ConclusionsAbout 15% of the ABCs reported were of secondary nature. Amongst the associated lesions, cement‐ossifying fibroma and ossifying fibroma were the most common, followed by fibrous dysplasia and central giant cell granuloma. No ABCs were associated with metastatic changes. The search for histopathogenesis pointed to a specific cytogenetic abnormality as the origin of primary ABCs, with USP6 as its main oncogene and spindle cell as the neoplastic cell, unlike with secondary ABCs, suggesting that they are distinct pathological processes.
Delayed progression of condylar cartilage degeneration, by reduction of the discoidin domain receptor 2, in the temporomandibular joints of osteoarthritic mouse models
Authors: Salazar Armando , Polur Ilona , Servais Jacqueline M. , Li Yefu , Xu Lin 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether reduction of the discoidin domain receptor 2 (Ddr2) delays the progression of condylar cartilage degeneration in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of mouse models with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsDouble‐heterozygous (Col11a1‐ and Ddr2‐haploinsufficiency, Col11a1+/−;Ddr2+/−) mice were generated. TMJs of Ddr2+/− mice were subjected to partial discectomy. Condylar cartilage from the TMJ of Col11a1+/−;Ddr2+/− mice, surgically treated (discectomy) Ddr2+/− mice, and their corresponding controls was characterized by means of histology and evaluated using a scoring system specific to mouse joints.ResultsThe progression of condylar cartilage degeneration was significantly delayed in the TMJ of Col11a1+/−;Ddr2+/− mice compared with those of the Col11a1+/− mice. The progression of condylar cartilage degeneration in the TMJ of Ddr2+/− mice following discectomy was also significantly delayed when compared with their wild‐type littermates.ConclusionReduced expression of Ddr2 delays the progression of condylar cartilage degeneration, induced either by type XI collagen haploinsufficiency or by a partial discectomy, in TMJ.
Rejection Sensitivity and Vulnerability to Self‐Directed Hostile Cognitions Following Rejection
Authors: Breines Juliana G. , Ayduk Ozlem 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe examined the hypothesis that rejection increases self‐directed hostile cognitions in individuals who are high in rejection sensitivity (RS). In four studies employing primarily undergraduate samples (Ns = 83–121), rejection was primed subliminally or through a recall task, and self‐directed hostile cognitions were assessed using explicit or implicit measures. Negative or neutral control conditions were used in three of the studies. Measures of RS were obtained in pretesting. High RS participants were more likely than low RS participants to report or show greater self‐directed hostile cognitions in rejection conditions, compared to control conditions. Results held when controlling for depressive symptoms, history of self‐directed hostile cognitions, and general hostility. RS may represent a unique vulnerability for self‐directed hostile cognitions, a predictor of self‐harmful behavior.
Piecemeal Reform of Domestic Indirect Taxes toward Uniformity in the Presence of Pollution: with and without a Revenue Constraint
Authors: MICHAEL MICHAEL S. , LAHIRI SAJAL , HATZIPANAYOTOU PANOS 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe literature on indirect tax reforms in pollution‐ridden economies is quite limited. This paper, using a general equilibrium model of a perfectly competitive small open economy with both production‐ and consumption‐generated pollution, considers the welfare implications of tax reforms that take the structure of consumption and production taxes toward uniformity. Specifically, both in the presence and absence of a binding government revenue constraint, we derive sufficient conditions for welfare improvement in the case where we implement (i) reforms in either production or consumption taxes, and (ii) reforms in both consumption and production taxes.
Environmental Standards in a Large Open Economy
Authors: PETCHEY JEFFREY 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe small‐country price‐taking assumption of Oates and Schwab is relaxed to consider a large open economy that can influence its net capital return. This creates an incentive for the country to distort its policies. The key question asked is whether this induces inefficient outcomes. The result is that if the country has a dedicated tax on capital and uses this tax optimally, the Oates and Schwab first‐best result still holds. However, efficiency in a large open economy requires that the tax on capital be nonzero, unlike Oates and Schwab where the capital tax must be zero for first‐best efficiency.
Current Distribution of Huanglongbing (citrus greening disease) in India as Diagnosed by Real‐Time PCR
Authors: Das Ashis K. , Nerkar Sagar , Bawage Swapnil , Kumar Ashok 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of Huanglongbing (HLB) was recorded in sixteen citrus growing states of India using the real‐time quantitative PCR and the derived threshold cycle (Ct) value. All the commercially important citrus varieties of mandarin, sweet orange, lime and lemon, pummelo and Satkara were infected with ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’, the bacterium associated with HLB. Ct values positive for HLB were found in all the states except Arunachal Pradesh. The primer–probe combination HLBas‐HLBr‐HLBp was found specific to Ca. L. asiaticus and do not exhibit any cross‐reactivity with other pathogenic residents of citrus.
Role of nitric oxide synthase genes in hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Hazam R. K. , Deka M. , Kar P. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of endemic and epidemic acute hepatitis. A correlation between iNOS, eNOS polymorphisms, levels and severity of disease has been reported, and here, we examined the role of iNOS and eNOS gene polymorphisms and their levels in HEV‐related acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure. Hepatitis E virus‐related cases of acute hepatitis (294 patients) and liver failure (82 patients) and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (331 subjects) were included in the study. PCR‐RFLP was performed to identify the polymorphisms in the iNOS and eNOS genes. iNOS and eNOS levels were studied using ELISA assays and HEV viral load, genotype and combined effects of iNOS genotype, levels and parameters for disease severity were examined. The frequency of iNOS (CT + TT) and eNOS (GT + TT) genotypes was higher in subjects with liver failure compared with controls. iNOS and eNOS levels in patients with acute liver failure (55.51 ± 6.33 IU/mL, 60.2 ± 3.69) cases were significantly increased as compared to patients with acute viral hepatitis (17.8 ± 6.08 IU/mL, 23.7 ± 6.57) and controls (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between the iNOS and eNOS levels in our study population when compared with the severity of disease parameters. Hence, the iNOS C150T polymorphism and the eNOS G894T polymorphism and high levels of iNOS and eNOS are associated with an increased risk of HEV‐related acute hepatitis and liver failure. This study supports the possible role of nitric oxide synthase genes (iNOS and eNOS) in determining the severity of HEV infection.
Disagreement and Evidential Attenuation
Authors: Lasonen‐Aarnio Maria 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhat sort of doxastic response is rational to learning that one disagrees with an epistemic peer who has evaluated the same evidence? I argue that even weak general recommendations run the risk of being incompatible with a pair of real epistemic phenomena, what I callevidential attenuationandevidential amplification. I focus on a popular and intuitive view of disagreement, the equal weight view. I take it to state that in cases of peer disagreement, a subject ought to end up equally confident that her own opinion is correct as that the opinion of her peer is. I say why we should regard the equal weight view as a synchronic constraint on (prior) credence functions. I then spell out a trilemma for the view: it violates what are intuitively correct updates (also leading to violations of conditionalisation), it poses implausible restrictions on prior credence functions, or it is non‐substantive. The sorts of reasons why the equal weight view fails apply to other views as well: there is no blanket answer to the question of how a subject should adjust her opinions in cases of peer disagreement.
Unpicking the Chronology of Carrowmore
Authors: Bergh Stefan , Hensey Robert 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis paper reports 25 dates on pin fragments from two monuments within the Carrowmore passage tomb complex, Co. Sligo, Ireland. This is the first occasion that a core artefact from the Irish passage tomb assemblage has been systematically dated. Methodological issues with previous dating programmes at Carrowmore, including the general problem of using charcoal to date megalithic monuments, are considered. The implications of the results are discussed, with a focus on their impact on former interpretations of the chronology of Carrowmore and the beginnings of the passage tomb tradition in north‐west Ireland.
Yeast hydrolysate supplement increases starvation vulnerability of Queensland fruit fly
Authors: TAYLOR PHILLIP W. , KHAN MAHFUZA , COLLINS SAMUEL R. , REYNOLDS OLIVIA L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPost‐teneral diets containing yeast hydrolysate are reported to increase longevity, reproductive development and sexual performance of Queensland fruit fly (‘Q‐fly’) Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt (Diptera: Tephritidae). Consequently, diets including yeast hydrolysate are recommended for sterile Q‐flies before release in sterile insect technique (SIT) programmes. However, in some tephritids, diets including yeast hydrolysate are associated with an increased vulnerability to starvation. In the present study, the effects of yeast hydrolysate supplementation before release are considered with respect to the longevity of released Q‐fly when food becomes scarce. Experiments are carried out in three settings of varying resemblance to field conditions: 5‐L laboratory cages, 107‐L outdoor cages and 14 140‐L field cages containing potted citrus trees. In all experimental settings, compared with flies that received only sucrose, male and female Q‐flies that are provided with yeast hydrolysate during the first 2 days of adult life have a significantly shorter survival when subsequently deprived of food. Yeast supplementation appears to commit Q‐flies to a developmental trajectory that renders them more vulnerable to starvation. The practical significance of these findings for SIT depends on how often the releases are carried out under conditions in which Q‐flies experience extreme food shortages in the field.
Rules as Icons: Wittgenstein's Paradox and the Law
Authors: Van Roermund Bert 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper Section 1 distinguishes between two modes of interpreting legal rules: rehearsal and discourse, arguing that the former takes priority over the latter in law, as in many other contexts. Section 2 offers two arguments that following a legal rule in the rehearsing mode presents a riddle. The first argument develops from law, and submits that legal rules do not tell us anything, because they are tautological. The second one develops from philosophy (Wittgenstein's later works), confronting us with the paradox that incompatible courses of action may be derived from any rule. My solution presents a theory of rules as icons (Section 3). I use “icon” rather than “picture,” partly to avoid confusion with what is known among philosophers as “the picture theory of meaning.” Interpretation in the rehearsing mode hinges on imagination: imagining oneself in the space of reasons for action rather than reasoning oneself. In this act of imagination, we project ourselves into the rule in ways that are similar to the way we grasp the sense of paintings, music, stories, or poems. Finally (Section 4) I will defend the position that my view solves the puzzles in the second section, by arguing (a) that it is a better account of what Wittgenstein wrote than two competing theories (intuitionism and conventionalism), and (b) that it provides a more satisfactory account of how lawyers deal with legal rules in actual practice.
Agency, Authority, and the Logic of Mutual Recognition
Authors: Toddington Stuart 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe “Cartesian” model of the rational subject is central to the political philosophy of Hobbes and Locke and is “transcendentally” affirmed in Kant's account of ethics and legality. An influential body of Hegelian inspired critique has suggested, however, that the dialectical deficiencies of the dominant models of Liberalism in late modernity inhere in this “atomistic” or “self‐supporting” characterisation of the individual. The “atomistic” perspective appears as an obstacle not only to the coherent articulation of the compatibility of liberty and equality, but also to the attempt to express the mutuality of recognition between agents that might offer a genuinely communal conception of constitution and subject. Employing as a frame of reference Alan Brudner's analysis of these issues in his comprehensive Constitutional Goods (Brudner 2004) it is argued that legal and political theory might usefully adopt an understanding of Hegel's notion of “recognition” (Anerkennung) in this regard without drastic phenomenological reconstruction of the Cartesian or Kantian subject.
Psychometric properties and validation of thePolishCP QOL‐Child questionnaire: a pilot study
Authors: Dmitruk Elżbieta , Mirska Anna , Kułak Wojciech , Kalinowska Anna K. , Okulczyk Kamila , Wojtkowski Janusz 
Published: November 2013

AimTranslate, determine the psychometric properties and validate thePolishCP QOL‐Child questionnaire.Materials and methodsA double translation of the questionnaire fromEnglish intoPolish and back was executed. The questionnaire was distributed to 55 parents/legal guardians of children with cerebral palsy aged 4–12 years. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were determined on the basis of its internal consistency and the internal consistency of each of the investigated aspects, as well as on the assessment of the relationship between quality of life and such data as child's age, parent's age, place of residence andGMFCSlevel.ResultsThe results showed high levels of internal consistency of thePolish version of theCP QOL‐Child questionnaire –Cronbach's α was between 0.77 and 0.82, which is comparable to the original scale, where it was 0.74–0.92. In addition, we found no relationship between child's age and parent's age and the child's quality of life. Whereas we determined dependencies between the child'sGMFCSlevel and quality of life in areas such as emotional state (p = 0.025), pain and the effects of disability (p = 0.033), and to a lesser extent participation in social life (p = 0.045). However,Spearman test presented that only domain pain and impact of disability reported positive correlation r = 0.43.ConclusionStudies showed thatEnglish language theCP QOL‐Child questionnaire was successful translated intoPolish which is confirmed by the results of the assessment of the psychometric properties and validation of thePolish language questionnaire. The results of our study indicate that thePolish language version of theCP QOL‐Child questionnaire is an appropriate tool to assess the quality of life ofPolish‐speaking children with cerebral palsy aged 4–12 years.