bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EGFR expression and copy number changes in low T‐stage oral squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Rössle Matthias , Weber Claudia S , Züllig Lena , Graf Nicole , Jochum Wolfram , Stöckli Sandro J , Moch Holger , Huber Gerhard F 
Published: April 2013

AimsEGFR‐directed therapies are used to treat patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). As it is still unclear whether or not EGFR amplification represents an early or late event in head and neck SCC progression, we aimed to determine the frequency of abnormalities of EGFR protein and gene copy numbers in early oral SCC.Methods and resultsA tissue microarray of cancer tissue from 120 patients with pT1/2 oral SCC was constructed. We investigated EGFR protein expression by immunohistochemistry. EGFR gene copy enumeration was performed using fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) and the novel automated silver in‐situ hybridization (SISH) technology. Of early oral SCC, 19.3% showed high, 57.1% moderate and 23.6% low EGFR expression. EGFR amplification/polysomy was identified in 8% and 9% of cases by FISH and SISH, respectively. EGFR–SISH had a high concordance with EGFR–FISH (kappa value = 1.0), and both methods showed high conformity with EGFR immunohistochemistry (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). No correlation was found of EGFR protein expression or gene amplification status with pT or pN stage.ConclusionsOnly a small subgroup of early oral SCC is characterized by EGFR amplification, which can be identified reliably using EGFR–SISH technology. This finding suggests that EGFR gene amplification mostly occurs in advanced stages of oral SCC.
Inflammatory mechanisms linking periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Schenkein Harvey A. , Loos Bruno G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsIn this article, inflammatory mechanisms that link periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases are reviewed.MethodsThis article is a literature review.ResultsStudies in the literature implicate a number of possible mechanisms that could be responsible for increased inflammatory responses in atheromatous lesions due to periodontal infections. These include increased systemic levels of inflammatory mediators stimulated by bacteria and their products at sites distant from the oral cavity, elevated thrombotic and hemostatic markers that promote a prothrombotic state and inflammation, cross‐reactive systemic antibodies that promote inflammation and interact with the atheroma, promotion of dyslipidemia with consequent increases in pro‐inflammatory lipid classes and subclasses, and common genetic susceptibility factors present in both disease leading to increased inflammatory responses.ConclusionsSuch mechanisms may be thought to act in concert to increase systemic inflammation in periodontal disease and to promote or exacerbate atherogenesis. However, proof that the increase in systemic inflammation attributable to periodontitis impacts inflammatory responses during atheroma development, thrombotic events or myocardial infarction or stroke is lacking.
Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes – systematic review
Authors: Ide Mark , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and objectivesThere is still debate regarding potential relationships between maternal periodontitis during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available epidemiological evidence on this association.Data sourcesCombined electronic and hand search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane Central Register databases.Study eligibility criteriaOriginal publications reporting data from cross‐sectional, case‐control or prospective cohort epidemiological studies on the association between periodontal status and preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW) or pre‐eclampsia. The search was not limited to publications in English. All selected studies provided data based on professional assessments of periodontal status, and outcome variables, including preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation), LBW (<2500 g), gestational age, small for gestational age, birthweight, pregnancy loss or miscarriage, or pre‐eclampsia.ParticipantsPregnant women with or without periodontal disease, and with or without adverse pregnancy outcomes, assessed either during pregnancy or postpartum. No intervention studies were included. Study appraisal and synthesis methods – Publications were assessed based on predefined screening criteria including type of periodontal assessment, consistency in the timing of the periodontal assessment with respect to gestational age, examiner masking and consideration of additional exposures and confounders.ResultsMaternal periodontitis is modestly but significantly associated with LBW and preterm birth, but the use of a categorical or a continuous exposure definition of periodontitis appears to impact the findings: Although significant associations emerge from case‐control and cross‐sectional studies using periodontitis “case definitions,” these were substantially attenuated in studies assessing periodontitis as a continuous variable. Data from prospective studies followed a similar pattern, but associations were generally weaker. Maternal periodontitis was significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia.LimitationsThere is a high degree of variability in study populations, recruitment and assessment, as well as differences in how data are recorded and handled. As a result, studies included in meta‐analyses show a high degree of heterogeneity.Conclusions and implications of key findingsMaternal periodontitis is modestly but independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the findings are impacted by periodontitis case definitions. It is suggested that future studies employ both continuous and categorical assessments of periodontal status. Further use of the composite outcome preterm LBW is not encouraged.
Periodontal systemic associations: review of the evidence
Authors: Linden Gerard J. , Lyons Amy , Scannapieco Frank A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo critically appraise recent research into associations between periodontal disease and systemic diseases and conditions specifically respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cognitive impairment, obesity, metabolic syndrome and cancer.MethodsA MEDLINE literature search of papers published between 2002 and April 2012 was conducted. Studies that included periodontitis as an exposure were identified. Cross‐sectional epidemiological investigations on large samples, prospective studies and systematic reviews formed the basis of the narrative review. A threshold set for the identification of periodontitis was used to identify those studies that contributed to the conclusions of the review.ResultsMany of the investigations were cross‐sectional secondary analyses of existing data sets in particular the NHANES studies. There were a small number of systematic reviews and prospective studies. There was substantial variability in the definitions of exposure to periodontitis. A small number of studies met the threshold set for periodontitis and supported associations; however, in some of the chronic diseases there were no such studies. There was strong evidence from randomized controlled trials that interventions, which improve oral hygiene have positive effects on the prevention of nosocomial pneumonias.ConclusionsThere was substantial heterogeneity in the definitions used to identify periodontitis and very few studies met a stringent threshold for periodontitis. Published evidence supports modest associations between periodontitis and some, although not all, of the diseases and conditions reviewed. There is a need to reach a consensus on what constitutes periodontitis for future studies of putative associations with systemic diseases.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and periodontal disease: pathogenic mechanisms
Authors: Madianos Phoebus N. , Bobetsis Yiorgos A. , Offenbacher Steven 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the evidence on potential biological pathways underlying the possible association between periodontal disease (PD) and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs).Material & MethodsHuman, experimental and in vitro studies were evaluated.ResultsPeriodontal pathogens/byproducts may reach the placenta and spread to the foetal circulation and amniotic fluid. Their presence in the foeto‐placental compartment can stimulate a foetal immune/inflammatory response characterized by the production of IgM antibodies against the pathogens and the secretion of elevated levels of inflammatory mediators, which in turn may cause miscarriage or premature birth. Moreover, infection/inflammation may cause placental structural changes leading to pre‐eclampsia and impaired nutrient transport causing low birthweight. Foetal exposure may also result in tissue damage, increasing the risk for perinatal mortality/morbidity. Finally, the elicited systemic inflammatory response may exacerbate local inflammatory responses at the foeto‐placental unit and further increase the risk for APOs.ConclusionsFurther investigation is still necessary to fully translate the findings of basic research into clinical studies and practice. Understanding the systemic virulence potential of the individual's oral microbiome and immune response may be a distinctly different issue from categorizing the nature of the challenge using clinical signs of PD. Therefore, a more personalized targeted therapy could be a more predictive answer to the current “one‐size‐fits‐all” interventions.
Periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: consensus report of the Joint EFP/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Kornman Kenneth ,   working group 3 of the joint EFP/AAP workshop*
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy sometimes has adverse outcomes including low birthweight (<2500 g), pre‐term birth (<37 weeks), growth restriction, pre‐eclampsia, miscarriage and/or stillbirth. Maternal periodontitis directly and/or indirectly have potential to influence the health of the foetal–maternal unit.AimsTo assess the epidemiological evidence for the impact of periodontal disease on adverse pregnancy outcomes and to identify potential underpinning mechanisms.EpidemiologyLow birthweight, pre‐term birth and pre‐eclampsia have been associated with maternal periodontitis exposure. However, the strength of the observed associations is modest and seems to vary according to the population studied, the means of periodontal assessment and the periodontal disease classification employed.Biological mechanismsTwo major pathways have been identified, One direct, in which oral microorganisms and/or their components reach the foetal–placental unit and one indirect, in which Inflammatory mediators circulate and impact the foetal–placental unit.InterventionsAlthough periodontal therapy has been shown to be safe and leads to improved periodontal conditions in pregnant women, case‐related periodontal therapy, with or without systemic antibiotics does not reduce overall rates of pre‐term birth and low birthweight.GuidelinesGiven the current evidence, various treatment strategies could be evaluated that consider specific target populations, as well as timing and intensity of treatment.
Use of Lemongrass Oil and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Control of Anthracnose and Quality Maintenance in Avocado Cultivars
Authors: Mpho Mafune , Sivakumar Dharini , Sellamuthu Periyar Selvam , Bautista‐Baños Silvia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn vitro studies indicated that the essential oils lemongrass (LO) inhibited the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of LO showed geranial and neral as major compounds. Fruit inoculation trials for three cultivars with LO in biorientated polypropylene modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and commercial treatment (prochloraz and Freshmark bag showed lower disease severity at 25C for 5 days than treatments with stand‐alone MAP, LO+Freshmark bag and untreated control. Multivariate canonical variate analysis of the results indicated that the naturally infected avocado cultivars from LO+MAP treatment significantly reduced the incidence of anthracnose, gray pulp, vascular browning, weight loss, loss of fruit firmness and showed acceptable taste, flavor, texture and higher overall acceptance after ripening at 25C followed by cold storage at 10C for 18 days. Thus, the efficacy of combined application of LO in MAP as a suitable alternative to the currently adopted commercial treatment was demonstrated in this investigation.Practical ApplicationsA novel approach to control postharvest disease anthracnose (C. gloeosporioides), while maintaining fruit quality, has been implemented by the combined application of essential oil and modified atmosphere packaging to three popular avocado cultivars Ryan, Fuerte and Hass. This approach can be used as an alternative for synthetic fungicides, thereby complying with organic requirements, consumer acceptance and reducing environmental pollution.
Angiotensin System–Blocking Medications Are Associated with Fewer Falls over 12 Months in Community‐Dwelling Older People
Authors: Wong Alfred K. W. , Lord Stephen R. , Sturnieks Daina L. , Delbaere Kim , Trollor Julian N. , Close Jacqueline C. T. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate relationships between the use of cardiovascular medications, including angiotensin system–blocking medications (ASBMs), orthostatic hypotension (OH), fall risk, and falls in community‐dwelling older people.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSydney, Australia.ParticipantsFive hundred twenty community‐dwelling older adults.MeasurementsMedical, medication and falls history were obtained from a standardized questionnaire in all participants. Blood pressure was measured in supine, seated, and tilted positions. Fall risk was assessed using the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA). Falls data were collected prospectively for 12 months using monthly fall calendars. Participants were defined as nonfallers (no falls) and fallers (≥1 falls) at the end of the 12‐month follow‐up.ResultsParticipants taking medications affecting the angiotensin system had greater quadriceps strength, but after adjusting for sex, this difference became insignificant. People taking ASBMs were less likely to fall (odds ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval = 0.48–0.97), and the association between ASBMs and falls remained significant after adjusting for sex, body mass index, PPA score, and psychotropic medication and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) use. OH was more frequently observed in participants taking alpha adrenergic receptor blockers (α‐blockers), but the presence of OH did not increase fall risk.ConclusionThe use of cardiovascular medications in older people did not increase the risk of falls, and the use of ASBMs was associated with lower fall risk. The mechanisms for this apparent protective effect are unclear and appear not to be directly related to muscle strength. More research is required to elucidate the possible protective effects of certain cardiovascular medications in relation to falls in older people.
Disturbed eating behaviours and associated psychographic characteristics of college students
Authors: Quick V. M. , Byrd‐Bredbenner C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundYoung adulthood is a stressful transition period that may increase the risk for disturbed eating, especially for college students. The present study aimed to explore disturbed eating behaviours and a broad array of associated psychographic characteristics in a large, diverse sample of college students.MethodsCollege students (n = 2604; 58% white; 63% female) enrolled at three large, public US universities in 2009 and 2010 were recruited to take an online survey. The survey included reliable and valid disturbed eating behaviour and associated psychographic characteristic measures.ResultsMany participants engaged in disturbed eating practices. For example, one‐quarter of women and one‐fifth of men engaged in dietary restraint. One in seven reported regularly binge eating. One‐third used inappropriate compensatory behaviours (self‐induced vomiting, medicine misuse and excessive exercise) as a means for controlling weight and/or shape, with the rate of these behaviours reaching clinically significant levels for 4%, 3% and 5% of participants, respectively. Examination of psychographic characteristics revealed that one‐fifth had moderate levels of depression and anxiety severity and almost half engaged in at least one obsessive–compulsive disorder type behaviour. Females felt under more pressure to attain the media physical appearance standard than males.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study suggest that nutrition education interventions for college students may be needed to address disturbed eating behaviours and to provide guidance on how to seek professional help. The findings also suggest that it may be prudent for healthcare professionals to routinely screen college students for disturbed eating behaviours and offer interventions early when treatment is likely to be most effective.
Associations of symptoms of anxiety and depression with diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in older people with intellectual disability
Authors: de Winter C. F. , Hermans H. , Evenhuis H. M. , Echteld M. A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDepression, anxiety, diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors are frequent health problems among older people with intellectual disability (ID). These conditions may be bidirectionally related. Depression and anxiety may have biological effects causing glucose intolerance, fat accumulation and also lifestyle changes causing metabolic syndrome. But also the effects of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and subsequent cardiovascular disease may affect mood and anxiety. This study investigated the association between depression, anxiety and diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in older people with ID.MethodsThe healthy ageing in intellectual disability‐study (HA‐ID study) is a cross‐sectional study among people aged 50 years and over with ID, receiving formal ID care. Screening instruments for symptoms of anxiety and depression were completed and physical examination and vena‐puncture were performed to establish components of the metabolic syndrome, peripheral arterial disease and c‐reactive protein.ResultsOf the 990 people who participated, 17% had symptoms of depression and 16% had symptoms of anxiety. Type I diabetes was present in 1%, type II diabetes in 13% of the study population. Metabolic syndrome, central obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were present in 45%, 48%, 23% and 53% respectively. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis a significant association was found between increased anxiety symptoms and diabetes only (OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.2–4.9).ConclusionsIncreased anxiety symptoms and diabetes are related in older people with ID. This association may be bidirectional. No other associations of depression and anxiety symptoms with cardiovascular risk factors could be proven to be significant. Therefore, more research is needed to unravel the mechanisms of stress, mood disorders and cardiovascular disease in older people with ID. To provide comprehensive care for older people with ID, screening for diabetes and components of the metabolic syndrome in people with anxiety or mood disorders, and screening for symptoms of anxiety or depression in people with diabetes is warranted.
Progesterone and Cerebral Ischaemia: The Relevance of Ageing
Authors: Wong R. , Bath P. M. W. , Kendall D. , Gibson C. L. 
Published: April 2013

Cerebral stroke is a leading cause of long‐term disability and a major cause of death in the developed world. The total incidence of stroke is projected to rise substantially over the next 20 years as a result of the rising elderly population. Although age is one of the most significant prognostic markers for poor outcome after stroke, very few experimental studies have been conducted in aged animals. Importantly, sex differences in both vulnerability to stroke and outcome after cerebral ischaemia have frequently been reported and attributed to the action of steroid hormones. Progesterone is a candidate neuroprotective factor for stroke, although the majority of pre‐clinical studies have focused on using young, healthy adult animals. In terms of cerebral stroke, males and postmenopausal females represent the groups at highest risk of cerebral stroke and these categories can be modelled using either aged or ovariectomised female animals. In this review, we discuss the importance of conducting experimental studies in aged animals compared to young, healthy animals, as well as the impact this has on experimental outcomes. In addition, we focus on reviewing the studies that have been conducted to date examining the neuroprotective potential of progesterone in aged animals. Importantly, the limited studies that have been conducted in aged animals do lend further support to progesterone as a therapeutic option after ischaemic stroke that warrants further investigation.
Axis IV – psychosocial and environmental problems – in the DSM‐IV
Authors: Ramirez A. , Ekselius L. , Ramklint M. 
Published: April 2013

Accessible summary
The aim of this study was to extensively explore the properties of the revised axis IV of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM‐IV).
Psychosocial and environmental problems, which are believed to exacerbate current mental disorders, were evaluated by using a questionnaire and through clinical interviews. The reliability between self‐assessment and professional assessment was also examined.
The results showed that the revised axis IV according to DSM‐IV seems to have concurrent validity, but is still hampered by limited reliability.
These findings could be useful for the upcoming DSM‐V revision as well as help clinicians and patients to better identify mental health problems.
AbstractThe aim of this study was to further explore the properties of axis IV in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM‐IV). In a naturalistic cross‐sectional design, a group (n = 163) of young (18–25 years old) Swedish psychiatric outpatients was assessed according to DSM‐IV. Psychosocial and environmental problems/axis IV were evaluated through structured interviewing by a social worker and by self‐assessment on a questionnaire. Reliability between professional assessment and self‐assessment of axis IV was examined. Concurrent validity of axis IV was also examined. Reliability between professional and self‐assessed axis IV was fair to almost perfect, 0.31–0.83, according to prevalence and bias‐adjusted kappa. Categories of psychosocial stress and environmental problems were related to the presence of axis I disorders, co‐morbidity, personality disorders and decreasing Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) values. The revised axis IV according to DSM‐IV seems to have concurrent validity, but is still hampered by limited reliability.
Early Morphea Mimicking Acquired Port‐Wine Stain
Authors: Pickert Amanda J. , Carpentieri David , Price Harper , Hansen Ronald C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report the case of a 2.5‐year‐old girl with linear morphea initially diagnosed as an acquired port‐wine stain (PWS). She underwent three treatments to the right face using the pulsed dye laser (PDL) before sclerotic changes were observed and the correct diagnosis was confirmed with histopathology. Treatment using the PDL reduced the skin erythema but did not prevent subsequent sclerosis. The sclerosis became most prominent superior to the patient's right ear in an area not treated using the laser. A review of the English‐language medical literature identified no cases of morphea triggered using a PDL, but there were several reports of early morphea misdiagnosed as an acquired PWS. Briefly, we review those cases, as well as morphea subtypes, and comment on how the pathophysiology of morphea may lend itself to an early underrecognized inflammatory presentation, delaying diagnosis.