bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple targets modulation of Bcl-2/CD1, caspase-3 and refinement of AKT/ERK signalling by sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma in rats; comprehensive outlook
Authors: Hamzawy Mohamed A. , Rahsed Laila A. , Mizar Sayed M. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the commonly diagnosed cancer among the three top ranked cancer induced mortality in cancer patients worldwide. A tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib has been used as systemic therapy with a demonstrated survival benefit in HCC.

Objectives
The present work was conducted to investigate the multiple targets that may be involved in the action of sorafenib in treatment of HCC and development of drug resistance.

Materials and methods
Four groups of Swiss albino rats were assigned for 12 weeks treatment as the following: group (I) untreated control, group (II): rats received Diethyl Nitrosamine(DEN) (200 mg/kg, i.p)+Carbon Tetra Chloride (CCl4)(3 ml/kg, sc) every week for the first eight weeks, group (III): daily treatment with sorafenib (10 mg/kg, p.o.) for last 4 weeks, group (IV) sorafenib treatment after DEN + CCl4 treatment. Blood samples, and liver tissues were removed for collection to perform biochemical analysis (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alpha fetoprotein (AFP), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1 (CD1), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), caspase-3, and gene expression of AKT, and ERK 1/2, as well as histological examinations.

Results and conclusion
Administration of diethyl nitrosamine and carbon tetra chloride showed severe changes in all measured parameters and histological photomicrographs. Daily treatment with sorafenib markedly decreased B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cyclin D1 (CD1), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) accompanied by improvement of active caspase-3. Sorafenib succeeded in restoring the gene expression of ERK 1/2 and AKT level and refinement of histological patterns in animals induced with DEN and CCL4. Sorafenib interrupts various cell communication pathways that control cancer progression, angiogenesis, and cell survival. Sorafenib regulates the AKT/ERK signaling pathway in HCC. study highlights the importance of investigating other therapeutic targets that may help combat sorafenib resistance in relation to different DNA repair mechanisms.
Protective efficiency of Eclipta prostrata on diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats using the urinary lipidomics approach
Authors: Hussein Noha S. , Helmy Azza S. , Sherif Naglaa M. , Ghanem Hassan Z. , El Gendy Abdel N. , Abdel-Hamid Abdel-Hamid Z. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease in western countries and is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver. It affects 15–30% of the general population worldwide.

Objectives
This study aims to detect and evaluate a reproducible signature of lipid metabolome for early detection of NAFLD as well as protective efficiency of Eclipta prostrata based on targeted metabolomics analysis of urine.

Results and conclusion
A discrete divergence in levels of glycerol, myristic acid, cholesterol, 1,3-dipalmitin, and oleic acid was recorded in urine of rats bearing NAFLD in contrast to healthy ones. These metabolites were considered as diagnostic metabolic biomarkers for NAFLD. This study showed that these metabolites were less affected in rats given E. prostrata as a protective agent. It is concluded from this research that the lipidomic approach could be used for early diagnosis of NAFLD in urine as well as assessment of the stratification of protection by herbal medication.
Growth, yield and volatile oil of Pelargonium graveolens as affected by spraying of moringa leaves extract under different irrigation intervals
Authors: Elsayed Shaimaa I.M. , El-Sayed Samah M. , Mohamed Mona A. , Abdalla Aboelfetoh M. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens plant (Geraniaceae family) is one of the most significant essential oils produced in Egypt for the domestic market and abroad. Plant extracts have been demonstrated to promote plant development by increasing the efficiency with which nutrients are used and by reducing the impact of different biotic or abiotic stresses on plants. Water regime is one of the great important factors that affect plant growth, oil production and the availability and supply of soil moisture not only governed the rate and type of growth but also commanded the availability of plant nutrients.

Objective
The aim of this work was to choose the most suitable irrigation intervals with the best concentration of moringa leaf extract to obtain strong growth characteristics and a high oil yield and quality of Pelargonium graveolens under drip irrigation system.

Materials and methods
This study was carried out in the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre with a factorial experiment in complete block design contains 9 treatments which are the interaction of three irrigation treatments (every 2 days, 3 days and every 4 days) with three levels of moringa leaf extracts (MLE) as foliar application (0, 0.6 and 0.9%) for two cuts during the two successive seasons of 2020 and 2021.

Results and conclusion
The plants were irrigated every 4 days and sprayed with MLE at concentration 0.9% illustrated positive effect on growth parameters, chemical composition, herb yield per plant (g) and per ha. (ton) as well as essential oil yield. Regarding the effect on essential oil composition the GC-MS analysis revealed that MLE treatment improved the volatile oil constituents and showed that citronellol, α-eudesmol and cis-geraniol are the main components for essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens herb for two cuts.
Exploring medication adherence and its determinants among hypertensive, diabetic, and hyperlipidemic patients in the OPD of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Gandhi Kelina , Rathod Twinkle , Rangwala Jeet , Buddhadev Mohit , Jamsa Anas , Chakraborthy Gunosindhu 
Published: August 2024

Background
Medication adherence is a major concern in clinical outcomes, especially in developing countries. Despite the work of several studies, nonadherence remains a universal problem and still needs to be explored. The lifelong therapy for chronic illnesses itself becomes a barrier to medication adherence.

Objective
To assess the prevalence of medication adherence and its barriers and facilitators among patients suffering from four noncommunicable diseases (HTN, T2DM, hyperlipidemia, and COPD).

Materials and methods
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Vadodara. A structured online survey questionnaire was framed with specific sections to capture information related to the patient’s adherence behaviorr. Before the sample collection, a questionnaire was pretested among 30 patients until saturation was obtained. A total of 400 individuals were recruited for the study after screening for the inclusion criteria.

Results and conclusion
Of the participants, 54.5% were males and 45.5% were females; out of the participants 41.75% had hypertension and 23.25% had diabetes mellitus. The participants with hyperlipidemia were too low to be statistically analyzed and hence they were the ones excluded. Overall, 60% of medication adherence and 40% of medication nonadherence were observed. A significant proportion of people were nonadherent, as a result of underlying factors that affected their adherence. This suggests the need for healthcare professionals and healthcare policymakers to work toward improving adherence rates among patients to achieve better clinical outcomes. If adherence rate is overlooked, the most effective treatment will also be a failure as adherence will remain a hindrance to the overall healthcare system.
Isolation, screening, and molecular identification of new lactic acid bacteria as potential probiotics
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed F. , Abo-Sereih Nivien A. , El-Kawokgy Tahany M. 
Published: August 2024

Background and objective
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most useful microorganisms to society, LAB are used in the production of many fermented food products that stimulate digestion and immunity. Therefore, the objective study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify new LAB members and determining their potential probiotic properties.

Materials and methods
This study was performed through isolation, selection, and identification of LAB strains morphologically, biochemically, and genetically. Then, to determine their probiotics traits, which include acid resistance, bile-salt tolerance, β-galactosidase activity, heat sensitivity, salinity, cholesterol reduction, and antioxidant activity.

Results and discussion
Eight LAB isolates were isolated and purified from milk and cheeses, out of eight isolates, K2 showed the highest resistance to acidic pH 2.0, where Log CFU/ml reduced from the initial count 8.79±0.17 at pH 7.0 to 4.57±0.10 at pH 2.0 with 51.99% survival rate. Also, the six bile-tolerant isolates (K1, K2, K3, K4, A11, and A5) were found tolerant to 1% bile-salt concentrations for 3 h with 92.50, 71.10, 64.35, 60.72, 71.11, and 72.21% rate of survival, respectively. Also, antibiotic susceptibility of A11 isolate was the most sensitive, but isolate A2 was the most resistant against antibiotics. Besides, heat sensitivity of selected LAB isolates (K1, K2, A11, and B1) were able to survive at temperatures 15, 37, and 45°C, but isolates (K3, K4, A5, and A2) did not grow at 45°C. Additionally, NaCl tolerance clearly revealed that both isolates (K2 and A11) were able to tolerate a wide range of NaCl (1–8% w/v), then the growth declined with the increase of salt (10%) concentration. The results showed that the cholesterol assimilation was reduced by 32.66 and 30.20% for A11 and K1 isolates, respectively. Also, K2 isolate showed the highest antioxidant activity (86.93%), and the best β-galactosidase producer (24.65 U/ml). Therefore, the 16S-rRNA sequencing was carried out to identify four promising LAB isolates that could be employed as a probiotic strain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolates belonged to three genera, including Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Enterococcus. Strains were Lactobacillus casei (A5) KU510332, Enterococcus faecium (A11) KU510333, Lactococcus lactis (K1) KU510334, and E. faecium (K2) KU510335.

Conclusion
Our results presenting four new isolates as promising potential probiotics for further application in processing probiotic products.
New molecule of nonribosomal peptide synthesis mechanism from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100 probiotic bacteria
Authors: Elmasry Amr M.A. , Hussein Walaa , Abdelmoteleb Ali 
Published: August 2024

Background
The huge increasing on gastrointestinal illness by spreading of resistance pathogens requires to develop alternative antimicrobial agents. Nonribosomal peptides are considered one of these alternatives which produced by wild spectrum of bacteria.

Objective
Detection of nonribosomal peptide synthesis from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100 probiotic strain isolated from traditional lactic fermenting foods as alternative antimicrobial agent is important to human health and immune system.

Materials and methods
The identification of isolated strains using 16S rDNA technique was performed and followed by bioinformatics analysis tools; AntiSmash, PKS-NRPS analysis website, LSI based A-domain function predictor, NRPS predictor2, clustering using PhyML 3.0 to detect adenylation domain substrate specificity of NRP synthetases genes cluster of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LMG100. To prove the presence of the NRP synthetases genes cluster, degenerate primers protocol and three sets of primers covered the five gene cluster were designed based on the original reference strain L. plantarum WCFS1. Antibacterial activity of the isolated strain was detected against bacterial strains from coliform group of the enteric genera of Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella which formed the ordinary gastrointestinal tract infection.

Results and conclusion
The isolated L. plantarum LMG100 strain showed 99.96% of identity to 16S rDNA partial gene sequence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1 strain and bioinformatics analysis tools revealed the presence of NRPS gene cluster of five genes; two biosynthetic genes npsA and npsB from the five genes encoded for polypeptide of six amino acids, but six different predictors programs couldn’t assign the specificity of all adenylation domains except A4 serine and A5 glycine. The use of degenerate primers confirmed the presence of the NRPS in the isolated strain L. plantarum LMG100 compared to the standard strain WCFS1. Three sets of primers covering the five gene cluster were designed based on the original reference strain L. plantarum WCFS1 complete genome sequence confirmed the same organization of the putative gene cluster. In general, the approach of degenerated primers proved the presence of polypeptide NRPs gene presence in lactobacilli isolates. The new polypeptide NRP produced from the strain LMG100 showed maximum inhibition zones against G-ve short-rods bacterial strains from the coliform group of the enteric genera of Escherichia, Salmonella and Shigella which formed the ordinary gastrointestinal tract infection, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for G-ve bacterial strains was approximately of 125 mg.ml−1. The obtained results revealed that the selected probiotic Lactiplantibacillus strain is suitable candidate for use as bio-preservative starter or probiotic for human consumption in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Effect of light and methyl jasmonate on the accumulation of anticancer compounds in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Ibrahim Mona M. , Danial Nancy , Matter Mohamed A. , Rady Mohamed R. 
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives

Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant that contains unique compounds used in cancer treatment. This investigation deals with enhancing the production of anticancer compounds (ajmalicine, vinblastine, and vincristine) in cell suspension cultures through elicitation by methyl jasmonate and light and dark treatments.

Materials and methods
For callus induction, leaf segments were cultured on solidified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different 2,4-D and kin supplementations. Actively growing leaf was used for initiation of cell suspension culture by transferring 1 g of tissues in 100 ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 20 ml liquid MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l 2.4-D+1.0 mg/l kin. Different concentrations of MeJA (100, 200 and 300 μM) were added to cell suspension culture. Cell tissues were harvested at 2 and 4 days after elicitation. For light and dark elicitation, cell suspension culture was performed in 250 ml conical flasks containing 50 ml of liquid medium and inoculated with 1 g fresh calli, subjected to 16 h photoperiod and complete darkness; then callus tissues were collected at 2 and 4 days after elicitation. Estimation of ajmalicine, vinblastine, and vincristine was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography in the elicited cultures compared with untreated calli.

Results and conclusion
Callus of C. roseus was produced from young leaves on MS medium with 1.0 mg/l of each 2,4-D and kin that recorded high callus initiation frequency (%). In cell suspension culture, viability of cells increased gradually with time until it reached their maximum at day 20 of culture, then declined until 30 day of culture. Adding methyl jasmonate (100 µM) showed higher level of ajmalicine after 2 days of culture and increased 19-fold than the control. The vinblastine content was decreased at 200 µM methyl jasmonate when cultures were treated for 2 days. With regard to vincristine accumulation in cell suspension, it was observed that there was no difference in the accumulation of vincristine. For light and dark exposure, it could be observed that cultures exposed to light condition gave the best results of ajmalicine and vincristine than cultures exposed to dark conditions, while the vinblastine content was better under dark at 2 or 4 days. In conclusion, the results suggest that methyl jasmonate efficiently enhances both of ajmalicine and vinblastine especially after 2 days, while for vincristine, there was no improvement. Regarding dark and light conditions, the yield of ajmalicine and vincristine was higher in light conditions, in contrast to vinblastine which is higher in dark than in light conditions in C. roseus suspension cultures. The results could be very effective for large-scale production for pharmaceutical industry.
Evaluation of antidepressant and nootropic activities of leaf extracts of Rhizophora apiculata
Authors: Mande Annie , Malothu Narender , Areti Anka Rao , Guntupalli Chakravarthi 
Published: August 2024

Background

Rhizophora (R.) apiculata is a traditional mangrove plant having antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and central analgesic activities.

Objective
The current study was performed to assess the beneficial neurological activities of the plant using rodent models and also to explore the phytochemical distribution of plant extracts using the hyphenated analytical technique.

Materials and methods
Ethyl alcohol and aqueous extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, followed by GC-MS analyses. In experimental studies, the animals were divided into normal, positive control (standard), negative control, and extract-treated groups at three doses of each extract. The tail suspension method and forced swim tests were used as requisite animal models for the evaluation of antidepressant activity. Imipramine was used as the standard drug for the evaluation of antidepressant studies. Nootropic activity was evaluated by using the radial arm maze and Y-maze models. For these studies, scopolamine was used to impair the cognition of the animals and donepezil was used as the standard drug. The results were displayed as mean±standard error mean, and two-way ANOVA was used to analyze statistical significance between the test groups.

Results and conclusion
Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that the leaves contain a wide range of secondary metabolites in abundance. As per GC-MS characterization, a few bioactive compounds like 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, desulphosinigrin, 1,25-dihdroxy vitamin D3, and ethyl iso-allocholate were identified. Ethyl alcohol extract (at 300 mg/kg; and 600 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (at 200 mg/kg; and 400 mg/kg) of R. apiculata exhibited antidepressant activity in both models. The plant extracts were proved to have cognition-enhancing activities at tested doses. The results stated that the plant R. apiculata is proved to have antidepressant and cognition-enhancing activities. Thus, it may provide a chance in the therapeutic management of neurological ailments. The effects of leaf constituents on brain neurotransmitter levels and the histology of the brain need to be established by future investigations.
Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves aqueous extract enhances fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 gene expression and serum irisin liberation in an obesity model
Authors: Abdellah Reem K. , El-Beih Nadia M. , Morsy Fatma A. , Abdel-Wahhab Khaled G. , El-Hussieny Enas A. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Obesity, a risk agent for many chronic diseases, leads to increased mortality and poses one of the major public health problems.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the thermogenic and antiobese efficiency of Moringa aqueous extract (MAE) on obese-modeled rats.

Materials and methods
Adult male rats (150–170 g) were randomly divided into four groups, with 10 animals each, as follows: (a) healthy rats served as control, (b) healthy rats administrated with MAE (400 mg/kg/day), (c) obese-modeled rats, and (d) obese-modeled rats treated with MAE.

Results
After 30 consecutive days of treatment, the obtained results declared that MAE possessed antiobesity, thermogenic, antilipidemic, and antiinflammatory potential. MAE succeeded significantly in reduction of the BMI and serum leptin level coupled with up-regulation of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 gene mRNA expression and serum irisin level. It clearly increased serum paraoxonase-1 activity and improved lipid profile values. Moreover, it markedly reduced serum tumor necrosis factor α and increased antioxidant activity, which was achieved from the marked improvement in malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione values in cardio-hepatic tissues. These findings were confirmed by the regeneration of the hepatic histopathological structure.

Conclusion
MAE, as a food supplement, could play a beneficial role in management of obesity and restoring its complications. This could be exhibited through multiple pathways, mainly via upregulation of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 gene expression and production of the soluble myokine ‘irisin,’ which is responsible for browning of white adipose tissue as well as increment of total body energy expenditure.
Insights on the inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 1 as mast-cell stabilizer
Authors: El-Feki Ghada M. , EL-Desouky Mohamed A. , Badway Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2024

Background Tryptase and chymase are potent proteases secreted by mast cells upon activation. These abundant mast-cell proteases are converted into catalytically active forms by dipeptidyl peptidase 1 (DPP1). DPP1 is one of the most important components to initiate chain reaction for triggering the inflammatory response mediating allergic diseases such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. DPP1 can remove the safety catch on various mast-cell proteases, including tryptase and chymase, and plays an essential role in controlling their activity. However, the exact role of DPP1 in mast-cell degranulation is still not fully recognized.
DPP1 may help mast cells degranulate via acting inside the cell or after secretion. DPP1 inhibitors are essential for mast-cell stabilization. In this review, we will discuss the contribution of DPP1 in mast-cell degranulation and the role of DPP1 inhibitors in mast-cell stabilization, which may help finding new therapeutic strategies for asthma.