bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Traditional Arab House in the Eastern Mediterranean and its Adaptation to the Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Hamza Efat , Paz Shlomit 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examines the climate‐related methods of adaptation on which the traditional Arab house in the Eastern Mediterranean was based. We analysed nine old houses (from the 18th century to the early 20th century), built in the Arab vernacular tradition style, in three areas of Israel with different climatic conditions. Three houses in each area were chosen at random. Only nine were chosen because of the difficulty in finding houses whose state of preservation was in keeping with the aims of the research. For each house, climate‐related elements of the construction were documented. We found elements included at the design stage indicating climate consciousness, climate‐related elements due to building constraints, and building constraints in a cultural context with implications for the balance of climatic efficiency. The findings showed that climatic considerations were an integral part of the design while the principles crossed the boundaries of the three areas. Temperature, relative humidity, and heat intensity were measured, both inside and outside the house on selected days in each season. The research showed that the house moderates the impact of the outside temperature, inside the house in winter and mainly during the hot hours of the day in summer. Most of the climate‐related elements are still relevant. They can be used in regions with Mediterranean‐type climates (in the Mediterranean Basin, South Africa, central Chile, and southwestern Australia), especially when global warming and air pollution demand a substantial revolution of building design philosophies, strategies, technologies, and management methods.
Human–animal relations and the celebration of place‐identity: A case study of the Scone Racing Carnival, New South Wales
Authors: Graham Raewyn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFestivals and carnivals are social‐cultural assemblages of human and non‐human entities. This paper investigates interactions between humans and animals by focusing on the Scone Racing Carnival, a key event in the Scone and Upper Hunter Horse Festival. This paper contributes to existing studies of non‐metropolitan festivals and animal–human relations by questioning how and why non‐humans are enrolled in these cultural events, and the impact this has on place identity. The central argument is that the relationship between humans and thoroughbred horses, in particular, has played a significant role in the creation of a distinctive landscape, a regional identity for the Upper Hunter region of New South Wales, and a local identity for Scone. In turn, the carnival has assisted in maintaining an ‘eque‐cultural’ identity through the marketing and annual public celebration of human–horse relationships.
Cholesterol Oxidation in Fish and Fish Products
Authors: Dantas Natalie Marinho , Sampaio Geni Rodrigues , Ferreira Fernanda Silva , Labre Tatiana da Silva , Torres Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da Silva , Saldanha Tatiana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFish and fish products are important from a nutritional point of view due to the presence of high biological value proteins and the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially those of the n‐3 series, and above all eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. However, these important food products also contain significant amounts of cholesterol. Although cholesterol participates in essential functions in the human body, it is unstable, especially in the presence of light, oxygen, radiation, and high temperatures that can cause the formation of cholesterol oxidation products or cholesterol oxides, which are prejudicial to human health. Fish processing involves high and low temperatures, as well as other methods for microbiological control, which increases shelf life and consequently added value; however, such processes favor the formation of cholesterol oxidation products. This review brings together data on the formation of cholesterol oxides during the preparation and processing of fish into food products which are recognized and recommended for their nutritional properties.
Effects of Chilling and Partial Freezing on Rigor Mortis Changes of Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Fillets: Cathepsin Activity, Protein Degradation and Microstructure of Myofibrils
Authors: Lu Han , Liu Xiaochang , Zhang Yuemei , Wang Hang , Luo Yongkang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo investigate the effects of chilling and partial freezing on rigor mortis changes in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), pH, cathepsin B, cathepsin B+L activities, SDS‐PAGE of sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins, texture, and changes in microstructure of fillets at 4 °C and –3 °C were determined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after slaughter. The results indicated that pH of fillets (6.50 to 6.80) was appropriate for cathepsin function during the rigor mortis. For fillets that were chilled and partially frozen, the cathepsin activity in lysosome increased consistently during the first 12 h, followed by a decrease from the 12 to 24 h, which paralleled an increase in activity in heavy mitochondria, myofibrils and sarcoplasm. There was no significant difference in cathepsin activity in lysosomes between fillets at 4 °C and –3 °C (P > 0.05). Partially frozen fillets had greater cathepsin activity in heavy mitochondria than chilled samples from the 48 to 72 h. In addition, partially frozen fillets showed higher cathepsin activity in sarcoplasm and lower cathepsin activity in myofibrils compared with chilled fillets. Correspondingly, we observed degradation of α‐actinin (105 kDa) by cathepsin L in chilled fillets and degradation of creatine kinase (41 kDa) by cathepsin B in partially frozen fillets during the rigor mortis. The decline of hardness for both fillets might be attributed to the accumulation of cathepsin in myofibrils from the 8 to 24 h. The lower cathepsin activity in myofibrils for fillets that were partially frozen might induce a more intact cytoskeletal structure than fillets that were chilled.
Multiphysics Modeling of Microwave Heating of a Frozen Heterogeneous Meal Rotating on a Turntable
Authors: Pitchai Krishnamoorthy , Chen Jiajia , Birla Sohan , Jones David , Gonzalez Ric , Subbiah Jeyamkondan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA 3‐dimensional (3‐D) multiphysics model was developed to understand the microwave heating process of a real heterogeneous food, multilayered frozen lasagna. Near‐perfect 3‐D geometries of food package and microwave oven were used. A multiphase porous media model combining the electromagnetic heat source with heat and mass transfer, and incorporating phase change of melting and evaporation was included in finite element model. Discrete rotation of food on the turntable was incorporated. The model simulated for 6 min of microwave cooking of a 450 g frozen lasagna kept at the center of the rotating turntable in a 1200 W domestic oven. Temperature‐dependent dielectric and thermal properties of lasagna ingredients were measured and provided as inputs to the model. Simulated temperature profiles were compared with experimental temperature profiles obtained using a thermal imaging camera and fiber‐optic sensors. The total moisture loss in lasagna was predicted and compared with the experimental moisture loss during cooking. The simulated spatial temperature patterns predicted at the top layer was in good agreement with the corresponding patterns observed in thermal images. Predicted point temperature profiles at 6 different locations within the meal were compared with experimental temperature profiles and root mean square error (RMSE) values ranged from 6.6 to 20.0 °C. The predicted total moisture loss matched well with an RMSE value of 0.54 g. Different layers of food components showed considerably different heating performance. Food product developers can use this model for designing food products by understanding the effect of thickness and order of each layer, and material properties of each layer, and packaging shape on cooking performance.
Assessment of Enterotoxin Production and Cross‐Contamination of Staphylococcus aureus between Food Processing Materials and Ready‐To‐Eat Cooked Fish Paste
Authors: Tango Charles Nkufi , Hong Sung‐Sam , Wang Jun , Oh Deog‐Hwan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated Staphylococcus aureus growth and subsequent staphylococcal enterotoxin A production in tryptone soy broth and on ready‐to‐eat cooked fish paste at 12 to 37 °C, as well as cross‐contamination between stainless steel, polyethylene, and latex glove at room temperature. A model was developed using Barany and Roberts's growth model, which satisfactorily described the suitable growth of S. aureus with R2‐adj from 0.94 to 0.99. Except at 12 °C, S. aureus cells in TSB presented a lag time lower (14.64 to 1.65 h), grew faster (0.08 to 0.31 log CFU/h) and produced SEA at lower cell density levels (5.65 to 6.44 log CFU/mL) compare to those inoculated on cooked fish paste with data of 16.920 to 1.985 h, 0.02 to 0.23 log CFU/h, and 6.19 to 7.11 log CFU/g, respectively. Staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA) visual immunoassay test showed that primary SEA detection varied considerably among different storage temperature degrees and media. For example, it occurred only during exponential phase at 30 and 37 °C in TSB, but in cooked fish paste it took place at late exponential phase of S. aureus growth at 20 and 25 °C. The SEA detection test was negative on presence of S. aureus on cooked fish paste stored at 12 and 15°C, although cell density reached level of 6.12 log CFU/g at 15 °C. Cross‐contamination expressed as transfer rate of S. aureus from polyethylene surface to cooked fish paste surface was slower than that observed with steel surface to cooked fish paste under same conditions. These results provide helpful information for controlling S. aureus growth, SEA production and cross‐contamination during processing of cooked fish paste.
Cross‐Sectional Study of Respiratory Symptoms, Spirometry, and Immunologic Sensitivity in Epoxy Resin Workers
Authors: Hines Stella E. , Barker Elizabeth A. , Robinson Maura , Knight Vijaya , Gaitens Joanna , Sills Michael , Duvall Kirby , Rose Cecile S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesAn epoxy resin worker developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis requiring lung transplantation and had an abnormal blood lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT) to an epoxy hardener. We assessed the prevalence of symptoms, abnormal spirometry, and abnormal epoxy resin LPT results in epoxy resin workers compared to unexposed workers.MethodsParticipants completed questionnaires and underwent spirometry. We collected blood for epoxy resin LPT and calculated stimulation indices for five epoxy resin products.ResultsWe compared 38 exposed to 32 unexposed workers. Higher exposed workers were more likely to report cough (OR 10.86, [1.23‐infinity], p = 0.030) or wheeze (OR 4.44, [1.00‐22.25], p = 0.049) than unexposed workers, even controlling for smoking. Higher exposed workers were more likely to have abnormal FEV1 than unexposed workers (OR 10.51, [0.86‐589.9], p = 0.071), although not statistically significant when adjusted for smoking. There were no differences in proportion of abnormal epoxy resin system LPTs between exposed and unexposed workers.ConclusionsIn summary, workers exposed to epoxy resin system chemicals were more likely to report respiratory symptoms and have abnormal FEV1 than unexposed workers. Use of epoxy resin LPT was not helpful as a biomarker of exposure and sensitization.
Co‐morbid personality disorder in early intervention psychosis clients is associated with greater key worker emotional involvement
Authors: Fornells‐Ambrojo Miriam , Pocock Phil , Mintah Ruth , Barker Chris , Craig Thomas , Lappin Julia M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimCo‐morbid personality disorder (PD) is associated with poorer outcomes in psychosis patients, but it is not known whether these patterns are present at illness onset. This study investigated the prevalence of co‐morbid PD in clients of an Early Intervention in Psychosis Service (EIPS) and compared key worker engagement and service use between patients with and without co‐morbid PD.MethodForty‐nine participants were recruited from an inner London NHS EIPS. The Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM‐IV) Axis II Disorders was administered to identify whether participants met criteria for a diagnosis of PD. Key workers completed measures investigating the therapeutic relationship and emotional involvement. Data on service use over a 2‐year period from the date on which the patient was accepted by the EIPS were collected from electronic clinical records. Service use and key worker informed data were collected blind to PD diagnosis.ResultsTwenty‐two of the 49 (45%) patients met criteria for co‐morbid PD. Keyworker worry and tension were significantly higher in relation to patients with co‐morbid PD compared with those without. There were no significant differences between groups in appointments offered or attended, but patients with co‐morbid PD were significantly less likely to be admitted to hospital than those without.ConclusionsCo‐morbid PD is common in EIPS patients. The EIPS model is both assertive and intensive; although this appears to be effective in preventing hospital admissions, this does not equip professionals to manage the higher emotional burden associated with a co‐morbid PD diagnosis.
Increased taxonomic and functional similarity does not increase the trophic similarity of communities
Authors: Pool Thomas K. , Cucherousset Julien , Boulêtreau Stéphanie , Villéger Sébastien , Strecker Angela L. , Grenouillet Gaël 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimDespite a long‐standing research interest in the association between the biodiversity (i.e. taxonomic and functional composition) and trophic structure of communities, our understanding of the relationship remains limited. Community assembly theory predicts that niche partitioning will result in communities with a diverse array of functional traits, which in turn may facilitate a correspondingly diverse array of trophic interactions that define the trophic niche of those communities. The aim of our study is to test this prediction.LocationNorth America.MethodsWe built a database composed of functional traits and stable isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) for 63 freshwater fish communities containing 109 species in 34 lentic and 29 lotic ecosystems. First, using linear mixed models (i.e. an alpha‐diversity approach), we tested whether the taxonomic diversity of communities was positively associated with their functional diversity and if their functional diversity was positively associated with their trophic diversity. Second, we assessed the taxonomic, functional and trophic similarity of communities using multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) and their respective ‘turnover’ and ‘nestedness‐resultant’ components to test if the taxonomic similarity of communities was positively correlated with their functional similarity and if their functional similarity was positively associated with their trophic similarity (i.e. a beta‐diversity approach).ResultsWe found that the functional diversity of communities increased as their taxonomic diversity increased. Similarly, the trophic diversity of communities increased as their functional diversity increased. The pairwise taxonomic and functional similarity of communities were also positively associated, but there was a weak relationship between the functional and trophic similarities of communities.Main conclusionsOur study demonstrates that communities with similar functional characteristics can have disparate food web structures, suggesting that additional site‐specific factors influence community variation in trophic niche geometry. Determining the relative importance of functional characteristics and site‐specific factors in shaping trophic interactions is crucial for a better understanding of how future species loss and species introductions will affect food web structure and ecosystem functioning.
Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Atrial Electromechanical Delay in Obesity‐Hypoventilation Syndrome Patients
Authors: RUSSO VINCENZO , DI MEO FEDERICA , RAGO ANNA , MOSELLA MARCO , MOLINO ANTONIO , RUSSO MARIA GIOVANNA , NIGRO GERARDO 
Published: November 2015

Impact of Continuous Positive Airway PressureBackgroundObesity‐hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) is defined as daytime hypercapnia and hypoxemia in obese patients with sleep‐disordered breathing. We evaluated the electrocardiographic P‐wave duration and dispersion (PD) and echocardiographic noninvasive indicators of atrial conduction heterogeneity in OHS patients and the impact of CPAP on atrial conduction and atrial fibrillation incidence.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 50 OHS patients and 50 sex‐ and age‐matched obese subjects as control. Study population underwent cardiologic evaluation and polysomnography before enrollment, at 1‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups after CPAP therapy. The OHS group showed a significant increase in inter‐atrial (35.2 ± 8 milliseconds vs. 20.1 ± 2.7 milliseconds, P < 0.0001), intra‐left (30.5 ± 7.2 milliseconds vs. 16.5 ± 2 milliseconds, P < 0.0001), and intra‐right atrial electromechanical delays (AEMD)(24.8 ± 10 milliseconds vs. 15 ± 2.6 milliseconds, P < 0.0001) as well as in Pmax (130 ± 7.4 milliseconds vs. 97 ± 7.2 milliseconds, P = 0.002) and PD (56.5 ± 8.5 milliseconds vs. 31 ± 7.2 milliseconds, P = 0.002) compared to the control group. Significant improvement was noted after 6 months of CPAP therapy in inter‐atrial (35.2 ± 8 milliseconds vs. 24.5 ± 6.3 milliseconds, P < 0.0001), intra‐left (30.5 ± 7.2 milliseconds vs. 20.6 ± 5 milliseconds, P = 0.003), and intra‐right AEMD (24.8 ± 10 milliseconds vs. 17 ± 7.5 milliseconds, P < 0.0001), as well as in Pmax (130 ± 7.4 milliseconds vs. 95 ± 10 milliseconds, P < 0.0001) and in PD (56.5 ± 8.5 milliseconds vs. 32.5 ± 6 milliseconds, P < 0.0001) in the OHS group. External loop recorder monitoring detected paroxysmal AF in 19 OHS patients (38%) with significant reduction in paroxysmal AF episodes (12 ± 6 vs. 47 ± 12, P < 0.0001) after 6‐month CPAP therapy.ConclusionOur findings showed a significant increase of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic indexes of atrial conduction heterogeneity in OHS patients. The CPAP therapy, having a positive impact on atrial conduction time, seems to reduce AF incidence in OHS patients
Correction of Retrograde Ejaculation in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Using Endourethral Collagen Injection: Preliminary Results
Authors: Kurbatov Dmitry , Russo Giorgio Ivan , Galstyan G.R. , Rozhivanov Roman , Lepetukhin Alexander , Dubsky Sergey , Shwartz Y.G. , Cimino Sebastiano , Morgia Giuseppe , Sansalone Salvatore 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Diabetic neuropathy secondary to diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is responsible for retrograde ejaculation (RE) in 5–18% of cases. Medical treatment of RE is based either on increasing the sympathetic tone of the bladder or on decreasing the parasympathetic activity. However, the onset of side effects and the lack of response should be considered.

Aims
The aim of this study was to analyze long-term outcome of endourethral injection of volume-forming material (VFM) of collagen type 2 into bladder neck submucosa in patients with RE secondary to DM1.

Methods
Twenty-four patients with complete RE refractory to imipramine and DM1 were included in the study. Patients were single-blinded randomized according to a computer-generated random sequence with a 1:1 ratio in two treatment groups, namely group A (endourethral collage type 2 injection) and group B (endourethral saline water injection). New technique includes an endoscopic injection of VFM such as collagen (Correcting MIT®, Ltd. minimally invasive technologies, Moscow, Russia) into bladder neck submucosa. Primary endpoint of the study was the reduction of semen antegrade volume (mL). Secondary endpoints were considered as the changes of antegrade count (millions/mL), antegrade total motility (%), antegrade progressive motility (%), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Questionnaire and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Pregnancy rate was calculated in each group.

Results
Twenty-three patients completed the study. In group A, significant differences from baseline to 12 months were observed relative to antegrade volume (mL) (mean difference: 0.71, P &lt; 0.05), antegrade count (millions/mL) (mean difference: 45.6, P &lt; 0.05), antegrade total motility (%) (mean difference: 15.4, P &lt; 0.05) and antegrade progressive motility (%) (mean difference: 8.4, P &lt; 0.05). In group A, we observed significant differences in terms State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (mean difference: −20.5, P &lt; 0.05) and Beck Depression Inventory (mean difference: −8.4, P &lt; 0.05) with significant differences compared with group B. We observed significant improvements in group A vs. group B when considering primary and secondary endpoints of the study, but not for the IIEF-5.

Conclusion
Correction of RE in DM1 patients could be achieved with endourethral injection of collagen type 2.
Interplay Between Premature Ejaculation and Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Rastrelli Giulia , Limoncin Erika , Sforza Alessandra , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Maggi Mario 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The specific determinants and underlying factors linking erectile dysfunction (ED) and premature ejaculation (PE) have yet to be clearly identified.

Aim
The aim of this study was to review and meta-analyze all available data regarding the link between ED and PE.

Methods
An extensive Medline Embase and Cochrane search was performed including the following words: “premature ejaculation” and “erectile dysfunction”.

Main Outcome Measures
All observational trials comparing the risk of ED in relation to PE were included. Data extraction was performed independently by two of the authors (G.R, G.C.), and conflicts resolved by the third investigator (M.M.).

Results
Out of 474 retrieved articles, 18 were included in the study for a total of 57,229 patients, of which 12,144 (21.2%) had PE. The presence of PE, however defined, was associated with a significant increase in ED risk (odds ratio: 3.68[2.61;5.18]; P &lt; 0.0001). Meta-regression analysis showed that the risk of ED in PE subjects was higher in older individuals as well as in those with a lower level of education and in those who reported a stable relationship less frequently. In addition, subjects with PE and ED more often reported anxiety and depressive symptoms and a lower prevalence of organic associated morbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. All the latter associations were confirmed even after adjustment for age. Finally the risk of PE-related ED increased with the increased proportion of acquired ejaculatory problems (adj r = 0.414; P &lt; 0.0001 after the adjustment for age).

Conclusions
In conclusion, the present data showed that ED and PE are not distinctly separate entities, but should be considered from a dimensional point of view. Understanding this dimensional perspective might help sexual health care professionals in providing the most appropriate therapeutic approach to realistically increase patient related outcomes in sexual medicine.