bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Naturalistic Use Patterns of Advanced Infotainment Systems
Authors: Perez Miguel A. , Angell Linda S. , Hankey Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2014

Objective: The objective was to examine naturalistic usage of infotainment systems to assess use characteristics and patterns. Background: Infotainment systems continue to evolve in terms of their capabilities and information availability, raising concerns about their distraction potential. Assessing potential distraction requires understanding how challenging different tasks are and how frequently they occur during driving. Method: High-end infotainment system use was observed across 17 participants over a period of approximately 4 weeks each. One of two different infotainment systems was provided to participants. Audio, video, and driving performance data were collected and observed by trained reductionists. The two infotainment systems integrated iPod™, satellite radio, CD/DVD/MP3 playback, AM/FM, and, in one case, navigation functionalities. Systems differed in their vehicle integration and advanced infotainment features offered. Results: The median participant interacted with the infotainment systems once every 4 hr (90th percentile: 6.1 interactions/hr). More than 50% of these interactions involved adjusting the volume. Although there were a few lengthy interactions, the median duration was 2.2 s (90th percentile: 24.6 s), which required measurable visual involvement when compared to a matched baseline. The median total eyes-off-road time across interactions was 1 s (90th percentile: 11.4 s) and differed significantly across type of system interaction. Longer interactions tended to occur when the vehicle was stationary. Conclusion: Drivers habitually interact with infotainment systems while driving; this includes advanced functions. Some self-regulation was observed. Application: These data provide a comparison basis for use in examining driver interactions with future infotainment systems.
Additional US or DBT after digital mammography: which one is the best combination?
Authors: Elizalde Arlette , Pina Luis , Etxano Jon , Slon Pedro , Zalazar Romina , Caballeros Meylin 
Published: December 2014

Background Digital mammography (DM) is widespread used for the detection of breast cancer, but its sensitivity drops in dense breasts. It is well known that additional breast ultrasound (US) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) increase the sensitivity of DM. However, to our knowledge, there are no articles comparing the role of both additional techniques. Purpose To assess the diagnostic performance of DM and the different combinations of DM + additional DBT and DM + additional US in an enriched sample of patients. Material and Methods Retrospective study in an enriched sample of 1042 patients. Out of them, 84 patients had histologically proven malignant lesions and 258 patients had benign lesions. Finally 700 patients with normal explorations or benign lesions without biopsy confirmation (but stable for at least 12 months) were included. All of them underwent DM, US, and DBT examinations that were retrospectively reviewed by one expert radiologist, blinded to the final diagnoses. The DBT examinations were performed using one single view with wide angle (50°). The reader categorized the cases as benign (BI-RADS 1 or 2) or malignant (BI-RADS 3–5) for DM and the different combination of techniques. The sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) were calculated with the PEPI software and the ROC curves of the different techniques and combinations were calculated by using the SPSS 15.0 software. Results The SE and SP of DM were 69.05% and 88.20%, respectively. Additional DBT significantly increased the AUC of DM as well as additional US or the combination DM + DBT + US ( P < 0.05). However there were no significant differences between the AUC of DM + US and DM + DBT ( P = 0.7). Conclusion Additional US, DBT, or both, in combination with DM, significantly increased the AUC of DM. However, there were no significant differences between DM + DBT and DM + US.
Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high‐risk groups
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F , Card Timothy R , Kaukinen Katri , Bai Julio , Zingone Fabiana , Sanders David S , Murray Joseph A 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundCeliac disease (CD) occurs in approximately 1% of the Western population. It is a lifelong disorder that is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) and an excessive risk of comorbidity and death.ObjectivesTo review the literature on screening for CD in relation to the current World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for mass screening.MethodsWe performed aPubMedsearch to identify indexed papers on CD screening with a publication date from 1900 until 1 June 2014. When we deemed an abstract relevant, we read the corresponding paper in detail.ResultsCD fulfills several WHO criteria for mass screening (high prevalence, available treatment and difficult clinical detection), but it has not yet been established that treatment of asymptomatic CD may reduce the excessive risk of severe complications, leading to higher QOL nor that it is cost‐effective.ConclusionsCurrent evidence is not sufficient to support mass screening for CD, but active case‐finding may be appropriate, as we recognize that most patients with CD will still be missed by this strategy. Although proof of benefit is still lacking, screening for CD may be appropriate in high‐risk groups.
Prognostic factors for remission of and survival in acquired hemophilia A (AHA): results from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study
Authors: Tiede Andreas , Klamroth Robert , Scharf Rüdiger E. , Trappe Ralf U. , Holstein Katharina , Huth-Kühne Angela , Gottstein Saskia , Geisen Ulrich , Schenk Joachim , Scholz Ute , Schilling Kristina , Neumeister Peter , Miesbach Wolfgang , Manner Daniela , Greil Richard , von Auer Charis , Krause Manuela , Leimkühler Klaus , Kalus Ulrich , Blumtritt Jan-Malte , Werwitzke Sonja , Budde Eva , Koch Armin , Knöbl Paul 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
This study is the first to assess prognostic factors in patients with AHA treated according to a uniform immunosuppressive regimen. Residual factor VIII activity and inhibitor concentration at baseline are potentially useful predictors of remission.
Imaging endpoints for clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cash David M , Rohrer Jonathan D , Ryan Natalie S , Ourselin Sebastien , Fox Nick C 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs the need to develop a successful disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) becomes more urgent, imaging is increasingly used in therapeutic trials. We provide an overview of how the different imaging modalities are used in AD studies and the current regulatory guidelines for their use in clinical trials as endpoints. We review the current literature for results of imaging endpoints of efficacy and safety in published clinical trials. We start with trials in mild to moderate AD, where imaging (largely magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) has long played a role in inclusion and exclusion criteria; more recently, MRI has been used to identify adverse events and to measure rates of brain atrophy. The advent of amyloid imaging using positron emission tomography has led to trials incorporating amyloid measurements as endpoints and incidentally to the recognition of the high proportion of amyloid-negative individuals that may be recruited into these trials. Ongoing and planned trials now commonly include multimodality imaging: amyloid positron emission tomography, MRI and other modalities. At the same time, the failure of recent large profile trials in mild to moderate AD together with the realisation that there is a long prodromal period to AD has driven a push to move studies to earlier in the disease. Imaging has particularly important roles, alongside other biomarkers, in assessing efficacy because conventional clinical outcomes may have limited ability to detect treatment effects in these early stages.
Nutritional physiology of life history trade-offs: how food protein-carbohydrate content influences life-history traits in the wing-polymorphic cricketGryllus firmus
Authors: Clark Rebecca M. , Zera Anthony J. , Behmer Spencer T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough life-history trade-offs result from the differential acquisition and allocation of nutritional resources to competing physiological functions, many aspects of this topic remain poorly understood. Wing-polymorphic insects, which possess alternate morphs that trade off allocation to flight capability versus early reproduction, provide a good model system for exploring this topic. In this study we used the wing-polymorphic cricket Gryllus firmus to test how expression of the flight capability vs. reproduction trade-off was modified across a heterogeneous protein-carbohydrate nutritional landscape. Newly molted adult female crickets were given one of 13 diets with different concentrations and ratios of protein and digestible carbohydrate; for each cricket we measured consumption patterns, growth, and allocation to reproduction (ovary mass) vs. flight muscle maintenance (flight muscle mass and somatic lipid stores). Feeding responses in both morphs were influenced more by total macronutrient concentration than protein-carbohydrate ratio, except at high macronutrient concentration, where protein-carbohydrate balance was important. Mass gain tended to be greatest on protein-biased diets for both morphs, but was consistently lower across all diets for long-winged females. When long-winged females were fed high-carbohydrate foods they accumulated greater somatic lipid stores; on high-protein foods they accumulated greater somatic protein stores. Food protein-carbohydrate content also affected short-winged females (selected for early reproductive onset), which showed dramatic increases in ovary size, including ovarian stores of lipids and protein, on protein-biased foods. This is the first study to show how the concentration and ratio of dietary protein and carbohydrate affects consumption and allocation to key physiological features associated with the reproduction-dispersal life-history trade-off.
Preparing the leg for ground contact in running: the contribution of feed-forward and visual feedback
Authors: Müller Roy , Häufle Daniel Florian Benedict , Blickhan Reinhard 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
While running on uneven ground, humans are able to negotiate visible but also camouflaged changes in ground level. Previous studies have shown that the leg kinematics before touch down change with ground level. The present study experimentally investigates the contributions of visual perception (visual feedback), proprioceptive feedback, and feed-forward patterns to the muscle activity responsible for these adaptations. The activity of three bilateral lower limb muscles (M. gastrocnemius medialis, M. tibialis anterior and M. vastus medialis) of nine healthy subjects was recorded during running across visible (drop of 0, -5 and -10 cm) and camouflaged changes in ground level (drop of 0 and -10 cm). The results reveal that at touchdown with longer flight time M. tibialis anterior activation decreases and M. vastus medialis activation increases purely by feed-forward driven (flight time-dependent) muscle activation patterns, while M. gastrocnemius medialis activation increase is additionally influenced by visual feedback. Thus, feed-forward driven muscle activation patterns are sufficient to explain the experimentally observed adjustments of the leg at touchdown.
Comparative whole-body kinematics of closely related insect species with different body morphology
Authors: Theunissen Leslie M. , Bekemeier Holger H. , Dürr Volker 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Legged locomotion through natural environments is very complex and variable. For example, leg kinematics may differ strongly among species, but even within the same species it is adaptive and context-dependent. Inter-species differences in locomotion are often difficult to interpret, because both morphological and ecological differences among species may be strong and, as a consequence, confound each other's effects. In order to understand better how body morphology affects legged locomotion, we compare unrestrained whole-body kinematics of three stick insect species with different body proportions, but similar feeding ecology: Carausius morosus, Aretaon asperrimus and Medauroidea extradentata (= Cuniculina impigra). In order to co-vary locomotory context, we introduced a gradually increasing demand for climbing by varying the height of stairs on the set-up. The species were similar in many aspects, for example in using distinct classes of steps, with minor differences concerning the spread of corrective short steps. Major differences were related to (1) antenna length, (2) segment lengths of thorax and head, and (3) the ratio of leg length over body length: (1) Whereas all species continuously moved their antennae, only Medauroidea executed high swing movements with its front legs to search for obstacles in the near-range environment. (2) Whereas all species adjusted their body inclination, the range in which body segments moved differed considerably, with longer thorax segments tending to be moved more. (3) Finally, leg posture, time courses of leg joint angles and intra-leg coordination differed most strongly in long-legged Medauroidea.
Suppression of Nonspecific Protein–Nanodiamond Adsorption Enabling Specific Targeting of Nanodiamonds to Biomolecules of Interest
Authors: Sotoma Shingo , Igarashi Ryuji , Iimura Jun , Kumiya Yuta , Tochio Hidehito , Harada Yoshie , Shirakawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Applications of nanodiamonds (NDs) to bioimaging are restricted because of the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules on the surface of NDs. Here, we show that hyperbranched polyglycerol-modified nanodiamond realizes both excellent dispersibility and marked suppression of nonspecific adsorption to proteins. Moreover, selective targeting to the proteins of interest, and the measurement of optically detected magnetic resonance from this nanodiamond on living cells are demonstrated.
Rhodium-catalyzed Borylation of Aryl and Alkenyl Pivalates through the Cleavage of Carbon–Oxygen Bonds
Authors: Kinuta Hirotaka , Hasegawa Junya , Tobisu Mamoru , Chatani Naoto 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Rhodium-catalyzed borylation reactions of aryl and alkenyl pivalates, using a diboron reagent, via the cleavage of carbon–oxygen bonds have been developed. The inert nature of the pivalate moiety enables relatively complex aryl boronates to be synthesized via the tandem cross-coupling of carbon–halogen and carbon–oxygen bonds.
Fatores associados à violência física denunciada por mulheres
Authors: Gama Isabelle da Silva , Bezerra-Filho José Gomes , Silva Juliana Guimarães , Vieira Luiza Jane Eyre Souza , Parente Eriza Oliveira 
Published: December 2014

Objetivo: Ações dirigidas contra a opressão das mulheres podem ser observadas na reconstrução histórica. Contudo, a violência contra a mulher perdura na linha do tempo e se reafirma como violação dos direitos humanos, caracterizando-se como agravo para a saúde pública, destacando-se por sua complexidade, multicausalidade e desafios intersetoriais. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar fatores associados à violência física contra a mulher denunciante em Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM). Métodos: O estudo foi realizado em Fortaleza, CE, em 2011. Uma amostra de 325 inquéritos policiais de mulheres, entre 20 e 59 anos, foi analisada. A violência foi classificada em física e não física. As análises estatísticas utilizadas foram teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: As denúncias de violência física perpetrada por parceiros ou ex-parceiros representaram 42,8% (IC 95%: 37,4 - 48,4) dos inquéritos policiais analisados. A análise multivariada mostrou os possíveis fatores de risco detectados para a mulher sofrer violência física por parceiro ou ex-parceiro íntimo: o fato de a vítima já ter sofrido recidiva de agressão e nunca ter registrado denúncia junto à delegacia; possuir parceiro atual; possuir até dois filhos com o denunciado; estar em ambiente não residencial e o agressor estar sob o efeito de álcool e/ou drogas ilícitas. Conclusões: Acredita-se que a pesquisa possa subsidiar o encorajamento de mulheres vítimas de seus parceiros/ex-parceiros em prestar denúncia contra o agressor, rompendo o ciclo intermitente de violência.
Effect of N-acetylcysteine on mitochondria isolated from the rat kidney exposed to an iodinated radiographic contrast agent
Authors: Yamashita Sayuri Rocha , Martinelli Reinaldo , Rodrigues Luiz Erlon Araújo 
Published: December 2014

Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an acute complication associated with iodinated radiographic contrast agents. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant agent, has often been used to prevent CIN; however, reports of its efficacy are conflicting. In the kidney, mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with acute and chronic ischemic and nephrotoxic injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of NAC on oxygen consumption in mitochondria isolated from rat kidneys exposed to a radiographic contrast agent. Methods: Four groups of Wistar rats were evaluated including a control group. The experimental groups were injected intraperitoneally with: 5 mL/kg of body weight of iobitridol (300 mg/mL); NAC (100 mL/kg at 24, 12 and 2 hours prior to saline infusion); and NAC prior to an infusion of 300 mg/mL of iobitridol. Twenty minutes after the intraperitoneal infusion of the contrast agent or saline, all the animals were sacrificed and their kidneys were collected. Oxygen consumption was measured polarographically in the sediment containing principally mitochondria. Results: Mean oxygen consumption was 14.8% higher in the group exposed to iobitridol compared to the control group. Pretreatment with NAC before the iobitridol infusion inhibited the increase in mean oxygen consumption (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the endogenous respiration of mitochondria isolated from kidneys in the control group compared to the groups treated with NAC (p>0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirm a certain protective effect of NAC in rat kidneys exposed to an iodinated radiographic contrast medium.
The use of water purification slimes for special cements
Authors: Самченко Светлана , Samchenko Svetlana 
Published: December 2014

The possibility to obtain sulphoaluminate additive (SAA)
consisting of the necessary quantity of aluminium sulpfate and aluminium
hydroxide using water purification slimes is shown. It was
fixed that the admixture of crystallized (SAA) with cement provides
cement paste reinforce and structure formation at the share of ettringite
crystals which make cement paste to be shrinkage compensative
and expansive.
The base of calculation of geotextile containers from fabric materials of high durability
Authors: Кравченко Александр , Kravchenko Aleksandr , Меркулова Татьяна , Merkulova Tatyana 
Published: December 2014

The problem of processing, warehousing and a burial place
of a various kind of a waste is considered. The analysis of the reasons
of occurrence of degradation of the small rivers and its consequence
has been made. The new economic innovative technology of dehydration
and a burial place of a waste on the basis of containers from
textile material is offered. Methods of calculation of geotextile containers
are developed.
Importance of the red reflex test in the diagnosis of eye cancer
Authors: Singla Preeti , Ley-Smith Rachael , Maxwell Petra 
Published: December 2014

Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant tumour of the eye in children and accounts for 3% of all childhood cancers. It can occur either unilaterally or bilaterally and generally develops before the first five years of life. A red reflex test must be performed if a child presents with any of the following: a white reflex (leukocoria) or an abnormal reflex in flash photographs; a recently onset squint (strabismus); a change in colour to the iris; deterioration in vision; a red, sore or swollen eye without infection. The presentation of any of these signs or symptoms in isolation can indicate retinoblastoma. However, it is vital to note that a child with retinoblastoma may appear well, apart from one or more of these signs. This article gives detailed instruction on how to carry out a red reflex test and appropriate referral information for suspected cases. A swift referral pathway is vital to reduce loss of vision and the risk of mortality.
System efficiency of laser-based white light
Authors: Lachmayer Roland , Wolf Alexander , Kloppenburg Gerolf 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
For many lighting applications, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are replacing traditional light sources providing the possibility for smart and efficient systems as well as a reduction in the product weight. A next step in this development is the integration of laser-based light sources to increase luminance and to further scale down the optics possibly leading to a reduction of necessary resources. This article reviews the possibilities and challenges arising from the use of laser diodes especially compared to current high-power LED systems in terms of efficiency, color-rendering properties, and thermal management.
Religious Participation, Trust and Reciprocity: Evidence from Six Latin American Cities
Authors: Barrios Juan José , Gandelman Nestor 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Using data on a trust game played in six Latin American cities, we estimate the relationship between religious participation with trust and reciprocity. We find no association with trust but we do find a statistically significant relation with reciprocity. Individuals more active in religious organizations tend to reciprocate more than individuals who participate less, even though their trustiness on others is about the same as that of less religiously active people.
High Dielectric Low Loss Transparent Glass Material Based Dielectric Resonator Antenna with Wide Bandwidth Operation
Authors: Mehmood Arshad , Zheng Yuliang , Braun Hubertus , Hovhannisyan Martun , Letz Martin , Jakoby Rolf 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the application of new high permittivity and low loss glass material for antennas. This glass material is transparent. A very simple rectangular dielectric resonator antenna is designed first with a simple microstrip feeding line. In order to widen the bandwidth, the feed of the design is modified by forming a T-shaped feeding. This new design enhanced the bandwidth range to cover the WLAN 5 GHz band completely. The dielectric resonator antenna cut into precise dimensions is placed on the modified microstrip feed line. The design is simple and easy to manufacture and also very compact in size of only 36 × 28 mm. A −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 18% has been achieved, which covers the frequency range from 5.15 GHz to 5.95 GHz. Simulations of the measured return loss and radiation patterns are presented and discussed.
Synthesis of iron nanocomposite reinforced by TiC particles via mechanical activation from ilmenite concentrate and carbon black
Authors: Firouzbakht Alireza , Razavi Mansour , Rahimipour Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this research, synthesis of Fe-TiC nanocomposites from activated ilmenite concentrate and carbon black was investigated. Ilmenite and carbon black as raw materials were milled in a planetary ball mill and sampled after different milling times. The activated powder was heat treated at different temperatures in an atmosphere control tube furnace and analyzed by X-ray diffraction technique. The X-ray diffraction results showed that increasing the milling time would lower the synthesis temperature of final products. Furthermore, the lattice parameter showed deviation from standard size, and mean grain size was decreased. In contrast, the strain of the system was increased based on the calculations.