bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of psychological distress after colorectal cancer
Authors: Dunn Jeff , Ng Shu Kay , Holland Jimmie , Aitken Joanne , Youl Pip , Baade Peter D. , Chambers Suzanne K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveHeightened psychological distress after cancer is common but likely highly heterogeneous. This raises potential challenges in how and when to target services; however, data describing longitudinal patterns of distress are limited. This study describes the long term psychological outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and trajectories of adjustment over time.MethodsA prospective survey of a population‐based sample of 1966 CRC survivors assessed sociodemographic variables, perceived social support and psychological distress, including distress subtypes of anxiety, depression and somatization, at six time points from 5 months to 5 years post‐diagnosis.ResultsOver the 5‐year trajectory, the prevalence of high overall distress ranged between 44% and 32% but was greater for men compared with women (p < 0.001). Four distress trajectory styles within clusters were identified for overall distress and for each distress subtype with a constant low distress group providing the basis for comparison. Higher distress trajectories varied for overall distress and distress subtypes but were generally differentiated by gender, younger age, lower education, poor socioeconomic advantage, late disease stage and poor social support.ConclusionsFor global distress, by comparison with women, men with CRC are vulnerable to distress, with men who are younger and with low education and poor social support being a priority for targeted intervention. While distress screening early in the cancer experience will identify those with a constant high distress trajectory, others with late emerging distress or caseness may be missed. On this basis, distress screening through the illness trajectory into long term survivorship seems warranted.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of reductions in biomass fuel exposure on symptoms of sleep apnea in children living in the peruvian andes: A preliminary field study
Authors: Castañeda Jacqueline L. , Kheirandish‐Gozal Leila , Gozal David , Accinelli Roberto A. ,   The Pampa Cangallo Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura Research Group
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundMultiple studies have evaluated the prevalence of sleep apnea in pediatric populations. Although environmental exposures to cigarette smoke (ECS) increase the risk of habitual snoring, no studies have thus far examined the potential contribution of indoor pollution in children.ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of symptoms associated with sleep apnea in children exposed to traditional wood‐burning stoves to open fire, and assess whether symptoms subside following implementation of improved less environmentally contaminating stoves.Methods and MaterialsResidents of the communities of Chucllapampa, Sayhuapata, and Alparcuna in Cangallo province, department of Ayacucho, Peru were surveyed on two occasions within 12 months before and after the installation of an improved Inkawasi wood stove. The frequency of symptoms associated with sleep apnea was assessed in all children <15 years of age using a previously validated questionnaire.ResultsParents of 59 children (62.7% males; mean age 7.76 ± 4.2 years) were interviewed representing >97% of the children in those small villages. The most common symptoms included nighttime awakenings, habitual snoring, repetitive movements during sleep, nasal congestion, and sore throat. After implementation of improved stoves in the homes, snoring (52.5% vs. 18.2%, P < 0.0001) nasal congestion (33.9% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.0001), behavioral hyperactivity (28.8% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.002), nighttime awakenings (42.4% vs. 1.7%, P < 0.0001), sore throat (38.2% vs. 5.5% P < 0.0001), breathing through the mouth during the day (33.9% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.001), daytime sleepiness (21.1% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.003), and falling asleep at school (14.6% vs. 0%, P < 0.03) were all significantly improved.ConclusionsChildren exposed to traditional biomass fuel stoves had a higher frequency of symptoms related to sleep apnea, which decrease with improvements in biomass pollution. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:996–999. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kisspeptin‐10 induces dose dependent degeneration in prepubertal rat prostate gland
Authors: Ramzan Faiqah , Qureshi Irfan Zia , Ramzan Muhammad , Ramzan Muhammad Haris , Ramzan Faiza 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDKisspeptin peptides mediate their actions through the GnRH loop system. How kisspeptins affect prostate gland in prepubertal male mammals remains elusive.METHODSTo address this kisspeptin was administered as subchronic (12 days) twice daily i.p. dose at three different dosage regimens: 10 pg, 1 ng and 1 µg, to prepubertal male Sprague–Dawley rats (PND 35). Control rats were maintained in parallel. At the end of the experiment prostate gland was dissected out and processed for light and electron microscopy. DNA damage was also estimated by DNA ladder assay and DNA fragmentation assay.RESULTSProstate weights decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at 1 µg treatment dose of kisspeptin. The epithelial height of secretory acini of prostate decreased at 10 pg (P < 0.05), 1 ng, and 1 µg doses (P < 0.001). Histomorphology and ultrastructure demonstrated, decrease in epithelial cell height, epithelial folding and dilatation of the organelles with kisspeptin treatment. Percent DNA damage to the prostatic tissue was 20.74 ± 2.18, 43.60 ± 2.39, and 58.18 ± 2.59 at 10 pg, 1 ng and 1 µg doses, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe study reveals that continuous administration of kisspeptin does not lead to an early maturation but instead severe degeneration of prepubertal prostate gland. Prostate 73: 690–699, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative experimental study of full‐scale H‐subframe using a new industrialized building system and monolithic reinforced concrete beam‐to‐column connection
Authors: Moghadasi Mostafa , Marsono Abdul Kadir 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIndustrialized building system (IBS) is a construction process that uses techniques, products, components or building systems that involve prefabricated components and on‐site installation. The structural behaviour of a prefabricated frame structure is widely affected by the specifications of the beam‐to‐column connection. The understanding on the real behaviour of a connection can be assessed by conducting full‐scale experimental tests. In this study, a new IBS hybrid steel–concrete connection in a full‐scale H‐subframe under monotonic loading is investigated. This innovative connection system, consists of precast concrete beam‐and‐column elements with embedded steel end connectors, is patented as Smart IBS. This paper reports the testing procedures and results of this semi‐rigid IBS beam‐to‐column connection to obtain the important attributes of the connection as well as its comparison with monolithic cast‐in‐place reinforced concrete model. The height of both H‐subframes is 3.3 m while the free length of the beam is 3.2 m. The incremental loads were applied as two point loads in one‐third and two‐third of the beam length. The characteristic relationships of the connection such as load to mid‐span deflection, strength, stiffness, ductility, failure modes and crack patterns are studied and compared between both structural systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landslide‐facilitated species diversity in a beech‐dominant forest
Authors: Seiwa Kenji , Miwa Yoshiko , Akasaka Shigetoshi , Kanno Hiroshi , Tomita Mizuki , Saitoh Tomoyuki , Ueno Naoto , Kimura Megumi , Hasegawa Yoichi , Konno Miki , Masaka Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the extent to which landslides affect community dynamics and consequent species diversity in a beech‐dominated forest, differences in the composition and size structure of tree species were compared between landslide and adjacent stable (control) stands. Demography and changes in size were compared between the two stands over a 5‐year period about 60 years after a landslide. In the control stand, replacement occurred even amongst late‐successional species, with beech (Fagus crenata)—the most dominant species—increasing in relative abundance. In the landslide stand, very few large individuals of late‐successional species occurred, whereas large individuals of early‐successional species occurred only in the landslide stand. The traits indicate that the landslide strongly facilitated species diversity, not only by reducing the dominance of late‐successional species, but also by promoting recruitment of early‐successional species. However, new recruitment of early‐successional species was inhibited in the landslide stand, although we observed succeeding regeneration and subsequent population growth of late‐successional species there. As a result, the relative dominance of late‐successional species increased with succession after the landslide, thus decreasing future species diversity. In beech‐dominant forest landscapes in Japan that include communities with different developmental stages, the mosaic of serial stages may facilitate species diversity after a landslide.
Computing multicast trees in dynamic networks and the complexity of connected components in evolving graphs
Authors: Bhadra Sandeep , Ferreira Afonso 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Future Internet technologies and the deployment of mobile and nomadic services enable complex communications networks, that have a highly dynamic behavior. This naturally engenders route-discovery problems under changing conditions over these networks, but the temporal variations in the topology of dynamic networks are not effectively captured in a classical graph model. In this paper, we use evolving graphs, which help capture the dynamic characteristics of such networks, in order to compute multicast trees with minimum overall transmission time for a class of wireless mobile dynamic networks. We first show that computing different types of strongly connected components in evolving digraphs is NP-Hard, and then propose a polynomial-time algorithm to build all rooted directed Minimum Spanning Trees in strongly connected dynamic networks. These results open new avenues for the implementation of Internet spanning-tree based protocols over highly dynamic network infrastructures.
Corporate sponsorships may hurt nonprofits: Understanding their effects on charitable giving
Authors: Bennett Christine M. , Kim Hakkyun , Loken Barbara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhile prior research suggests that corporate sponsorship can positively affect consumers' perceptions of sponsors, little research to date has investigated the impact of such sponsorships on an individual's willingness to support nonprofits. This paper investigates the psychological processes that underlie whether and how corporate sponsorship impacts an individual's willingness to support nonprofit organizations and suggests that unintended negative outcomes may emerge. Specifically, results from five studies suggest that exposure to sponsorship information can reduce prospective donors' willingness to support a nonprofit because people believe that their individual contributions will matter less. In addition, this research identifies a potential mechanism (i.e., donor‐company identification) that can mitigate these negative effects.
Initial Assessment of the Ability of Ivermectin to Kill Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis Ticks Feeding on Humans
Authors: Sheele Johnathan M. , Byers Peter A. , Sonenshine Daniel E. 
Published: November 2012

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis tick mortality when fed on humans who have consumed 400 μg/kg oral ivermectin. Methods Six study subjects, 3 in each group, were randomly assigned to receive either 400 μg/kg ivermectin or placebo in a blinded manner. After consuming either ivermectin or placebo, each study subject had 2 colostomy bags attached to his or her abdomen. One of the colostomy bags contained 7 I scapularis nymphs and 7 adults. The other colostomy bag contained 7 D variabilis nymphs and 7 adults. Tick mortality was recorded over the next 24 hours. Results Fifty-five percent (6 of 11) of the attached I scapularis nymphs exposed to ivermectin had morbidity (3 of 11) or died (3 of 11), compared with 0% morbidity and mortality in the 2 I scapularis nymphs that attached in the placebo group. No I scapularis adults or D variabilis nymphs attached to feed. Among D variabilis adults that attached to feed, there was a 0% mortality rate for both the placebo group (0 of 6) and the ivermectin group (0 of 8). Conclusions We demonstrate a novel method to confine ticks to human subjects to study tick-borne diseases. While there was a trend toward I scapularis morbidity and mortality in the ivermectin arm, the low number of ticks that attached in the placebo group limited our analysis. Most ticks began feeding in the last 12 hours of the experiment, significantly limiting their exposure to ivermectin. Ivermectin does not cause early death in D variabilis adults.
Elevated pore pressure and anomalously low stress in regions of low frequency earthquakes along the Nankai Trough subduction megathrust
Authors: Kitajima Hiroko , Saffer Demian M. 
Published: November 2012

Recent seismic reflection and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) studies reveal broad regions of low seismic velocity along the Nankai subduction plate boundary megathrust offshore SW Japan. These low velocity zones (LVZ's) extend ∼55 km landward from the trench, corresponding to depths of >∼10 km below sea floor. Here, we estimate the in‐situ pore pressure and stress state within these LVZ's by combining P‐wave velocities obtained from the geophysical surveys with new well‐constrained empirical relations between P‐wave velocity, porosity, and effective mean stress defined by laboratory deformation tests on drill core samples of the incoming oceanic sediment. We document excess pore pressures of 17–87 MPa that extend ∼55 km into the subduction zone, indicating that trapped pore fluids support ∼45–91% of the overburden stress along the base of the upper plate and surrounding major fault zones. The resulting effective stresses in the LVZ are limited to ∼1/3 of the values expected for non‐overpressured conditions. These low effective stresses should lead to a mechanically weak and predominantly aseismic plate boundary. The region of lowest effective stress coincides with precisely located very low frequency earthquakes, providing the first quantitative evidence linking these anomalous slip events to low stress and high pore pressure.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells have a cytokine-producing capacity to enhance ICOS ligand-mediated IL-10 production during T-cell priming
Authors: Ogata Makoto , Ito Tomoki , Shimamoto Keiko , Nakanishi Takahisa , Satsutani Naoko , Miyamoto Rie , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have the potential to prime CD4+ T-cells to differentiate into IL-10-producing T regulatory cells through preferential expression of inducible co-stimulatory ligand (ICOS-L). Although pDCs produce cytokines such as type-I IFNs, TNF-α, or IL-6 accompanying up-regulation of ICOS-L expression during activation in response to toll-like receptor (TLR)-ligands or IL-3, the roles of the pDC-derived cytokines in T-cell priming remain largely elusive. Therefore, we investigated the functional involvement of these cytokines in generating IL-10-producing T regulatory cells. We found that either IFN-α or IL-6 enhanced the pDC- or ICOS-L-driven generation of IL-10-producing T-cells from naive CD4+ T-cells and their regulatory functions. However, IFN-α stimulation in the absence of ICOS-L showed only a marginal tendency to increase the T-cell production of IL-10 and thus pDC-derived type-I IFNs in response to CpG could function together with ICOS-L. In addition, IL-6 functioned to generate IL-10-producing T-cells only on T-cell priming by pDCs activated by IL-3 or under IL-4-mediated Th2 conditions. Thus, type-I IFNs and IL-6 act as supplementary factors for the ICOS-L-dependent IL-10-producing T-cell differentiation in pDCs activated along the TLR-dependent and IL-3-dependent pathways, respectively. We also showed that pDC-derived TNF-α induced ICOS-L expression on pDCs in an autocrine manner and that IL-6 promoted ICOS expression on T-cells, contributing to the ICOS/ICOS-L-mediated T-cell response. Our results suggest that the ICOS-L-mediated tolerogenic pDC function in adaptive immunity is backed up by the elaborate cytokine-producing ability of pDCs.
Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases Enable Efficient Plant Genome Engineering
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Feng , Li Xiaohong , Baller Joshua A. , Qi Yiping , Starker Colby G. , Bogdanove Adam J. , Voytas Daniel F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The ability to precisely engineer plant genomes offers much potential for advancing basic and applied plant biology. Here, we describe methods for the targeted modification of plant genomes using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Methods were optimized using tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) protoplasts and TALENs targeting the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene. Optimal TALEN scaffolds were identified using a protoplast-based single-strand annealing assay in which TALEN cleavage creates a functional yellow fluorescent protein gene, enabling quantification of TALEN activity by flow cytometry. Single-strand annealing activity data for TALENs with different scaffolds correlated highly with their activity at endogenous targets, as measured by high-throughput DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products encompassing the TALEN recognition sites. TALENs introduced targeted mutations in ALS in 30% of transformed cells, and the frequencies of targeted gene insertion approximated 14%. These efficiencies made it possible to recover genome modifications without selection or enrichment regimes: 32% of tobacco calli generated from protoplasts transformed with TALEN-encoding constructs had TALEN-induced mutations in ALS, and of 16 calli characterized in detail, all had mutations in one allele each of the duplicate ALS genes (SurA and SurB). In calli derived from cells treated with a TALEN and a 322-bp donor molecule differing by 6 bp from the ALS coding sequence, 4% showed evidence of targeted gene replacement. The optimized reagents implemented in plant protoplasts should be useful for targeted modification of cells from diverse plant species and using a variety of means for reagent delivery.
The McGrath® Series 5 videolaryngoscope vs the Macintosh laryngoscope: a randomised, controlled trial in patients with a simulated difficult airway
Authors: Taylor A. M. , Peck M. , Launcelott S. , Hung O. R. , Law J. A. , MacQuarrie K. , McKeen D. , George R. B. , Ngan J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWe compared the McGrath® Series 5 videolaryngoscope with the Macintosh laryngoscope in a simulated difficult airway, using manual in‐line stabilisation in 88 anaesthestised patients of ASA physical status 1‐2. The primary outcome was laryngoscopic view. Secondary outcomes included rates of successful tracheal intubation and complications. A Cormack and Lehane grade‐1 or ‐2 view was found in all patients when using the McGrath compared with 45 (51%, p < 0.0001) using the Macintosh laryngoscopes. The mean (SD) percentage of glottic opening was 82 (23)% using the McGrath compared with 13 (23)% using the Macintosh (p < 0.0001). In 66 out of 88 patients (75%), the McGrath improved the glottic view by one to three grades compared with the Macintosh (p < 0.001). Intubation of the trachea was successful in all patients using the McGrath, while the Macintosh was successful in 26 (59%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the complication rates between the devices.
Labor Pain Management Other Than Neuraxial: What Do We Know and Where Do We Go Next?
Authors: Rooks Judith P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAnalgesia and coping with labor pain can prevent suffering during childbirth. Nonpharmacologic methods help women manage labor pain. Strong evidence is available for the efficacy of continuous one‐to‐one support from a woman trained to provide nonmedical care during labor, immersion in warm water during first‐stage labor, and sterile water injected intracutaneously or subcutaneously at locations near a woman's lumbosacral spine to reduce back‐labor pain. Sterile water injections also reduce the incidence of cesarean deliveries. Nitrous oxide labor analgesia is not potent, but helps women relax, gives them a sense of control, and reduces and distracts their perception of pain. It is inexpensive; can be administered and discontinued safely, simply, and quickly; has no adverse effects on the normal physiology and progress of labor; and does not require intensive monitoring or co‐interventions. Parenteral opioids provide mild‐to‐moderate labor pain relief, but cause side effects. Although observational studies have found associations between maternal use of opioids and neonatal complications, little higher level evidence is available except that meperidine is associated with low Apgar scores. Patient‐controlled intravenous administration of remifentanil provides better analgesia and satisfaction than other opioids, but can cause severe side effects; continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen saturation, anesthesia supervision, one‐to‐one nursing, and availability of oxygen are recommended. The demand for inexpensive, simple, safe but effective labor pain management for women will undoubtedly increase in places that lack wide access to it now. (BIRTH 39:4 December 2012)
The importance of being earnest: our experience of involving service users with complex needs in staff recruitment
Authors: Hurtado Barbara , Timmins Steven , Seward Cheryl 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summaryPeople with learning disabilities should be able to choose the staff who work with them. It is important that staff are chosen fairly and in a way that abides by the law. This article explains how we supported the people who use our services to help us employ an assistant psychologist.We found that:

People with learning disabilities and other problems, like poor mental health, can also take part in choosing staff.

It is important to change how we do things so that it is easier for people with learning disabilities to take part.

Together we learnt that it is important to give people with learning disabilities time, so that they can do things at their own pace.

The staff and people with learning disabilities who participated in the interviews truly appreciated the experience.

SummaryThis article describes our experience of involving people with learning disabilities and additional needs, such as behaviour that can be challenging or mental health conditions, in the recruitment of staff. A significant amount of support, as well as additional time and adaptations to the interviewing and scrutinising processes were necessary in order to ensure that service users could contribute meaningfully. However, the process was not only really valuable for users and staff alike but also, in our view, efficient in choosing a robust applicant.