bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal aggregation behaviour of soy protein: characteristics of different polypeptides and sub‐units
Authors: He Xiu‐Ting , Yuan De‐Bao , Wang Jin‐Mei , Yang Xiao‐Quan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the differences in structure and composition of glycinin and β‐conglycinin, they exhibit different characteristics during heat treatment. In present study, the thermal aggregation behaviour of glycinin, β‐conglycinin and their isolated sub‐units was investigated at pH 7.0.RESULTSAcidic polypeptides, basic polypeptides, αα′ and β sub‐units of soy protein were denatured during the isolation process. The degree of aggregation of protein fractions after heat treatment was in the order: denatured basic polypeptides > native glycinin > denatured β sub‐unit > native β‐conglycinin > denatured acidic polypeptides > denatured αα′ sub‐units. Glycinin, β‐conglycinin, acidic polypeptides and αα′/β sub‐units exhibited different changing trends of surface hydrophobicity with increasing temperature. The αα′ sub‐units showed higher ability to suppress thermal aggregation of basic polypeptides than β sub‐units during heat treatment. The β sub‐units were shown to form soluble aggregates with glycinin after heating.CONCLUSIONThe interaction mechanism of αα′ and β sub‐units heated with basic polypeptides was proposed. For the β sub‐units–basic polypeptides mixed system, more hydrophobic chains were binding together and buried inside during heat treatment, which resulted in lower surface hydrophobicity. The αα′ sub‐units–basic polypeptides mixed system was considered to be a stable system with higher surface hydrophobicity after being heated. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary sources, current intakes, and nutritional role of omega‐3 docosapentaenoic acid
Authors: Byelashov Oleksandr A. , Sinclair Andrew J. , Kaur Gunveen 
Published: March 2015

Fish oils and long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids are well recognized for their critical role in human diets. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22 : 5n‐3) has always been a part of healthy nutrition, since infants obtain almost as much DPA as DHA from human milk. Fish oil supplements and ingredients, oily fish, and grass‐fed beef can serve as the primary DPA sources for the general population. Although the DPA levels in fish oils are substantially lower than those of EPA and DHA, concentrated DPA products are now becoming commercially available, and DPA‐based drugs are under development.Epidemiological studies show that similar to eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20 : 5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22 : 6n‐3) acids, DPA is linked to various improvements in human health, perhaps owing to its structural similarity to the other two molecules. Studies in mammals, platelets, and cell cultures have demonstrated that DPA reduces platelet aggregation, and improves lipid metabolism, endothelial cell migration, and resolution of chronic inflammation. Further, other in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that DPA can improve neural health. A human supplementation trial with 99.8% pure DPA suggested that it serves as a storage depot for EPA and DHA in the human body. Future randomized controlled human trials with purified DPA will help clarify its effects on human health. They may confirm the available evidence pointing to its nutritional and biological functions, unique or overlapping with those of EPA and DHA.
Laser lithotripsy of salivary stones: Correlation with physical and radiological parameters
Authors: Schrötzlmair Florian , Müller Mona , Pongratz Thomas , Eder Matthias , Johnson Thorsten , Vogeser Michael , von Holzschuher Vanessa , Zengel Pamela , Sroka Ronald 
Published: March 2015

Background and ObjectivesSialolithiasis is a common disease of the major salivary glands. Owing to the variety of conservative and minimally invasive techniques, it is now possible to treat most cases of sialolithiasis without removal of the affected salivary gland. One treatment option is the endoscopic removal of the calculi. In cases of larger concretions, intraductal disintegration using laser‐induced shock waves can be appropriate to allow endoscopic removal. In the present study, we investigated whether physical and radiological parameters of salivary stones can effectively predict the applicability of laser lithotripsy. Furthermore, we determined to what extent the applied laser energy resulted in tissue damage.Study Design/Materials and MethodsIn addition to basic parameters like size and density, we analysed 47 salivary stones using fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and dual‐energy computed tomography. Subsequent fragmentation of all stones was performed with a Ho:YAG laser in a near‐contact manner. Fragmentation rates were calculated and correlated with the previously measured physical and radiological parameters. Finally, to test for tissue damage, we performed HE‐histology of salivary duct mucosa treated with the same laser energy used for stone fragmentation.ResultsBlue light excitation induced either green or red fluorescence emission. Dual‐energy CT resulted in evidence of calcium‐containing material. Infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, both identified carbonate apatite as the main component of salivary stones. Disintegration into pieces smaller than 2 mm was possible in all cases. Fragmentation rates depended on the energy per pulse applied but not on any of the analysed physical and radiological parameters. In contrast to lithotripsy with 500 mJ per pulse, which was associated with no tissue damage, lithotripsy with 1,000 mJ per pulse resulted in damage of salivary duct mucosa. This suggests that the optimal laser energy for stone fragmentation is between 500 and 1,000 mJ per pulse.ConclusionLaser lithotripsy using Ho:YAG laser is a highly efficient treatment, at least in vitro. All salivary stones could be disintegrated irrespective of their physical and radiological composition. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:342–349, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dose‐dependent induction of signaling pathways by the flavonoid quercetin in human primary hepatocytes: A transcriptomic study
Authors: Waizenegger Julia , Lenze Dido , Luckert Claudia , Seidel Albrecht , Lampen Alfonso , Hessel Stefanie 
Published: March 2015

ScopeQuercetin is widespread in plant kingdom and consumed regularly with human diet (16 mg/day). Due to reported positive effects on health, quercetin supplements with recommended doses up to 2 g/day are offered. However, molecular effects of such high doses on human liver have not been assessed yet. Therefore, molecular effects on human hepatocytes were analyzed to help assessing the risk of quercetin supplementation.Methods and resultsMolecular effects of three different quercetin concentrations on gene expression in human hepatocytes were investigated by microarray analysis. Possible new signaling pathways were investigated using reporter gene assays. Quercetin concentrations representing the normal intake showed weak effects on mRNA expression in liver cells. In contrast, supplemental doses affect immune response and p53 signaling and might be associated with cancer. Additionally, quercetin showed inhibition of transcriptional activation and mRNA‐expression of HNF4α and its target genes. Inhibitory effects were also found for FXR, LXRα, and PXR.ConclusionNormal intake of quercetin seems to play a minor regulatory role, while supplement doses may have great effects on gene expression in hepatocytes. However, since it is not clarified whether such high doses of quercetin exert positive or negative effects, a careful handling of quercetin supplements is advised.
Hemispheric asymmetry in cerebrovascular reactivity of the human primary motor cortex: anin vivostudy at 7 T
Authors: Driver Ian D. , Andoh Jamila , Blockley Nicholas P. , Francis Susan T. , Gowland Penny A. , Paus Tomáš 
Published: March 2015

Current functional MRI (fMRI) approaches assess underlying neuronal activity through monitoring the related local variations in cerebral blood oxygenation, blood volume and blood flow. This vascular response is likely to vary across brain regions and across individuals, depending on the composition of the local vascular bed and on the vascular capacity to dilate. The most widely used technique uses the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI signal, which arises from a complex combination of all of these factors. The model of handedness provides a case where one brain region (dominant motor cortex) is known to have a stronger BOLD response over another (non‐dominant motor cortex) during hand motor task performance. We predict that this is accompanied by a higher vascular reactivity in the dominant motor cortex, when compared with the non‐dominant motor cortex.Precise measurement of end‐tidal CO2and a novel sinusoidal CO2respiratory challenge were combined with the high sensitivity and finer spatial resolution available for fMRI at 7 T to measure BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in eight healthy male participants. BOLD CVR was compared between the left (dominant) and right (non‐dominant) primary motor cortices of right‐handed adults.Hemispheric asymmetry in vascular reactivity was predicted and observed in the primary motor cortex (left CVR = 0.60 ± 0.15%/mm Hg; right CVR = 0.47 ± 0.08%/mm Hg; left CVR > right CVR,P= 0.04), the first reported evidence of such a vascular difference.These findings demonstrate a cerebral vascular asymmetry between the left and right primary motor cortex. The origin of this asymmetry largely arises from the contribution of large draining veins. This work has implications for future motor laterality studies that use BOLD, and it is also suggestive of a vascular plasticity in the human primary motor cortex. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation therapy may increase metastatic potential in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Woods Gary M. , Bondra Kathryn , Chronowski Christopher , Leasure Justin , Singh Mamata , Hensley Lauren , Cripe Timothy P. , Chakravarti Arnab , Houghton Peter J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe previously determined that radiation could be safely administered using a mouse‐flank in vivo model to both alveolar (Rh30) and embryonal (Rh18) rhabdomyosarcoma xenografts. Mice from both tumor lines in this experiment developed metastases, an event not previously described with these models. We sought to determine if radiation‐induced changes in gene expression underlie an increase in the metastatic behavior of these tumor models.ProcedureParental Rh18 and Rh30 xenografts, as well as tumor that recurred locally after radiotherapy (Rh18RT and Rh30RT), were grown subcutaneously in the flanks of SCID mice and then subjected to either fractionated radiotherapy or survival surgery alone. Metastasis formation was monitored and recorded. Gene expression profiling was also performed on RNA extracted from parental, recurrent, and metastatic tissue of both tumor lines.ResultsRh30 and Rh30RT xenografts demonstrated metastases only if they were exposed to fractionated radiotherapy, whereas Rh18 and Rh18RT xenografts experienced significantly fewer metastatic events when treated with fractionated radiotherapy compared to survival surgery alone. Mean time to metastasis formation was 40 days in the recurrent tumors and 73 days in the parental xenografts. Gene expression profiling noted clustering of Rh30 recurrent and metastatic tissue that was independent of the parental Rh30 tissue. Rh18RT xenografts lost radiosensitivity compared to parental Rh18.ConclusionRadiation therapy can significantly decrease the formation of metastases in radio‐sensitive tumors (Rh18) and may induce a more pro‐metastatic phenotype in radio‐resistant lines (Rh30). Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1550–1554. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Porphyrin polymers and organic frameworks
Authors: Day Nicholas U , Wamser Carl C , Walter Michael G 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe versatility of porphyrins as optoelectronic or catalytic units makes them attractive elements for inclusion in functional materials. Polymers that include porphyrins have been created with a wide variety of structures and used in a wide range of applications. This review covers recent developments in the synthesis, characterization and applications of polymeric materials in which porphyrins are key components of the repeat units, including the rapidly growing area of metal–organic frameworks and related covalent organic frameworks. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluating fladry designs to improve utility as a nonlethal management tool to reduce livestock depredation
Authors: Young Julie K. , Miller Elizabeth , Essex Anna 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNonlethal deterrents against carnivores are important components to protecting livestock and conserving carnivore populations. However, the performance of the visual deterrent called fladry, a historical tool used to defend livestock from carnivores, is often hindered by design flaws that eventually reduce its effectiveness. Our purpose was to identify a fladry design that reduces coiling (i.e., wrapping of individual flags tight to the rope from which they hang) and maintains free movement of the deterrent in the wind. We created 6 new designs, replicated designs using 2 materials (nylon and marine vinyl), and compared them with the design most commonly used today—where flags were sewn directly onto the line along which they are strung. We conducted the study during January–February 2014 at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, Predator Research Facility in Millville, Utah, USA. Fladry made of marine vinyl and attached via 2 of our 6 designs showed the least amount of coiling, were relatively easy to construct, and did not result in significant additional costs. The 2 designs were shower curtain, where the flags are attached via circular links, and knotted, where a knot is tied in the flag below its point of attachment. We suggest users of nylon fladry modify it to one of these designs and advise new users to consider a heavier (e.g., marine vinyl) material. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Effect of Cation/Anion Co‐doping on the Photocatalytic Performance of Na3SbO(PO4)2
Authors: Velchuri Radha , Kadari Ramaswamy , Ravi Gundeboina , Munirathnam Nagegownivari R. , Vithal Muga 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSilver/copper‐nitrogen co‐doped Na3SbO(PO4)2 were prepared by solid state/ion exchange methods. The materials were characterized by powder XRD, SEM‐EDS, TG analysis, as well as FT‐IR and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. All the doped materials crystallize in orthorhombic lattice with space group P212121. The infrared spectra of the samples gave characteristic bands corresponding to PO4 and SbO6 groups. The bandgap energy of all the samples was deduced from their UV/Vis DRS profiles. The bandgap energy of doped materials decreased substantially. Visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic oxidation of the methyl violet (MV) and methylene blue (MB) was examined. The influence of cation, anion, and co‐doping on the photoactivity of Na3SbO(PO4)2 was studied. The Ag+ and nitrogen co‐doped Na3SbO(PO4)2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity among the materials investigated.
COMMUNITY MEMBERS' PERCEPTIONS OF MASS DRUG ADMINISTRATION FOR CONTROL OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN RURAL AND URBAN TANZANIA
Authors: KISOKA WILLIAM J. , TERSBØL BRITT PINKOWSKY , MEYROWITSCH DAN W. , SIMONSEN PAUL E. , MUSHI DECLARE L. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryLymphatic filariasis is one of several neglected tropical diseases with severely disabling and stigmatizing manifestations that are referred to as ‘neglected diseases of poverty’. It is a mosquito-borne disease found endemically and exclusively in low-income contexts where, concomitantly, general public health care is often deeply troubled and fails to meet the basic health needs of impoverished populations. This presents particular challenges for the implementation of mass drug administration (MDA), which currently is the principal means of control and eventual elimination. Several MDA programmes face the dilemma that they are unable to attain and maintain the required drug coverage across target groups. In recognition of this, a qualitative study was conducted in the Morogoro and Lindi regions of Tanzania to gain an understanding of community experiences with, and perceptions of, the MDA campaign implemented in 2011 by the National Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme. The study revealed a wide variation of perceptions and experiences regarding the aim, rationale and justification of MDA. There were positive sentiments about the usefulness of the drugs, but many study participants were sceptical about the manner in which MDA is implemented. People were particularly disappointed with the limited attempts by implementers to share information and mobilize residents. In addition, negative sentiments towards MDA for lymphatic filariasis reflected a general feeling of desertion and marginalization by the health care system and political authorities. However, the results suggest that if the communities are brought on board with genuine respect for their integrity and informed self-determination, there is scope for major improvements in community support for MDA-based control activities.
Vestibular evaluation in children with otitis media with effusion
Authors: Kolkaila E A , Emara A A , Gabr T A 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground:Fifty per cent of children with serous otitis media may have some balance disturbances.Objective:To evaluate vestibular function in children with otitis media with effusion.Methods:The control group comprised 25 children with bilateral normal hearing and middle-ear function. The study group consisted of 30 children with bilateral otitis media with effusion; these were divided into 2 subgroups according to air–bone gap size. Measures included the Arabic Dizziness Handicap Inventory, an imbalance evaluation sheet for children, vestibular bedside tests for children, and air- and bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potential testing.Results:Arabic Dizziness Handicap Inventory scores and some vestibular bedside test results were significantly abnormal, with normal video-nystagmography results, in children with otitis media with effusion. Air-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were recorded in 73 per cent of children with otitis media with effusion, with significantly delayed latencies. Bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials were successfully detected in 100 per cent of children with otitis media with effusion with similar results to the control group.Conclusion:The Arabic Dizziness Handicap Inventory and vestibular bedside tests are valuable tools for detecting vestibular impairment in children. Bone-conducted vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials are useful for vestibular system evaluation.
Predicting mental disorders from hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning: a 3-year follow-up in the TRAILS study
Authors: Nederhof E. , van Oort F. V. A. , Bouma E. M. C. , Laceulle O. M. , Oldehinkel A. J. , Ormel J. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundHypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, with cortisol as its major output hormone, has been presumed to play a key role in the development of psychopathology. Predicting affective disorders from diurnal cortisol levels has been inconclusive, whereas the predictive value of stress-induced cortisol concentrations has not been studied before. The aim of this study was to predict mental disorders over a 3-year follow-up from awakening and stress-induced cortisol concentrations.MethodData were used from 561 TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey) participants, a prospective cohort study of Dutch adolescents. Saliva samples were collected at awakening and half an hour later and during a social stress test at age 16. Mental disorders were assessed 3 years later with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).ResultsA lower cortisol awakening response (CAR) marginally significantly predicted new disorders [odds ratio (OR) 0.77, p = 0.06]. A flat recovery slope predicted disorders with a first onset after the experimental session (OR 1.27, p = 0.04). Recovery revealed smaller, non-significant ORs when predicting new onset affective or anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, or dependence disorders in three separate models, corrected for all other new onsets.ConclusionsOur results suggest that delayed recovery and possibly reduced CAR are indicators of a more general risk status and may be part of a common pathway to psychopathology. Delayed recovery suggests that individuals at risk for mental disorders perceived the social stress test as less controllable and less predictable.
Delayed acquisition of non-adjacent vocalic distributional regularities
Authors: GONZALEZ-GOMEZ NAYELI , NAZZI THIERRY 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe ability to compute non-adjacent regularities is key in the acquisition of a new language. In the domain of phonology/phonotactics, sensitivity to non-adjacent regularities between consonants has been found to appear between 7 and 10 months. The present study focuses on the emergence of a posterior–anterior (PA) bias, a regularity involving two non-adjacent vowels. Experiments 1 and 2 show that a preference for PA over AP (anterior–posterior) words emerges between 10 and 13 months in French-learning infants. Control experiments show that this bias cannot be explained by adjacent or positional preferences. The present study demonstrates that infants become sensitive to non-adjacent vocalic distributional regularities between 10 and 13 months, showing the existence of a delay for the acquisition of non-adjacent vocalic regularities compared to equivalent non-adjacent consonantal regularities. These results are consistent with theCV hypothesis, according to which consonants and vowels play different roles at different linguistic levels.
Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality
Authors: Leech Rebecca M. , Worsley Anthony , Timperio Anna , McNaughton Sarah A. 
Published: March 2015

Traditionally, nutrition research has focused on individual nutrients, and more recently dietary patterns. However, there has been relatively little focus on dietary intake at the level of a ‘meal’. The purpose of the present paper was to review the literature on adults' meal patterns, including how meal patterns have previously been defined and their associations with nutrient intakes and diet quality. For this narrative literature review, a comprehensive search of electronic databases was undertaken to identify studies in adults aged ≥ 19 years that have investigated meal patterns and their association with nutrient intakes and/or diet quality. To date, different approaches have been used to define meals with little investigation of how these definitions influence the characterisation of meal patterns. This review identified thirty-four and fourteen studies that have examined associations between adults' meals patterns, nutrient intakes and diet quality, respectively. Most studies defined meals using a participant-identified approach, but varied in the additional criteria used to determine individual meals, snacks and/or eating occasions. Studies also varied in the types of meal patterns, nutrients and diet quality indicators examined. The most consistent finding was an inverse association between skipping breakfast and diet quality. No consistent association was found for other meal patterns, and little research has examined how meal timing is associated with diet quality. In conclusion, an understanding of the influence of different meal definitions on the characterisation of meal patterns will facilitate the interpretation of the existing literature, and may provide guidance on the most appropriate definitions to use.