bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of AKT and ERK1/2 protein kinases in extracellular vesicles isolated from blood of patients with cancer
Authors: van der Mijn Johannes C. , Sol Nik , Mellema Wouter , Jimenez Connie R. , Piersma Sander R. , Dekker Henk , Schutte Lisette M. , Smit Egbert F. , Broxterman Henk J. , Skog Johan , Tannous Bakhos A. , Wurdinger Thomas , Verheul Henk M. W. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small nanometre‐sized vesicles that are circulating in blood. They are released by multiple cells, including tumour cells. We hypothesized that circulating EVs contain protein kinases that may be assessed as biomarkers during treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors.MethodsEVs released by U87 glioma cells, H3255 and H1650 non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were profiled by tandem mass spectrometry. Total AKT/protein kinase B and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) levels as well as their relative phosphorylation were measured by western blot in isogenic U87 cells with or without mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) and their corresponding EVs. To assess biomarker potential, plasma samples from 24 healthy volunteers and 42 patients with cancer were used.ResultsIn total, 130 different protein kinases were found to be released in EVs including multiple drug targets, such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), AKT, ERK1/2, AXL and EGFR. Overexpression of EGFRvIII in U87 cells results in increased phosphorylation of EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2 in cells and EVs, whereas a decreased phosphorylation was noted upon treatment with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. EV samples derived from patients with cancer contained significantly more protein (p=0.0067) compared to healthy donors. Phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2 in plasma EVs from both healthy donors and patients with cancer was relatively low compared to levels in cancer cells. Preliminary analysis of total AKT and ERK1/2 levels in plasma EVs from patients with NSCLC before and after sorafenib/metformin treatment (n=12) shows a significant decrease in AKT levels among patients with a favourable treatment response (p<0.005).ConclusionPhosphorylation of protein kinases in EVs reflects their phosphorylation in tumour cells. Total AKT protein levels may allow monitoring of kinase inhibitor responses in patients with cancer.
Literary (Creative Nonfiction) Docu-Memoir: A Different Way of Writing a Life
Authors: Parnell Jo (Joan-Annette) 
Published: December 2014

Pioneered by the British writer Tony Parker, literary docu-memoir is a rare form that involves the creative nonfiction writer interviewing and audio-taping ordinary people for their unusual life experience as the resource material for a literary production. In everyday conversation, people use a language of their own making to make sense of their experiences for themselves and the person they are talking to. The literary docu-memoir brings out a deeper level of meaning in the speech and the reflections of ordinary people as elicited by the docu-memoirist.
In this paper I offer a working definition, and discuss how I evolved the form adapted from that of Parker to fit my own work on care leavers. There are urgent ethical issues in relation to making public distressing episodes from the subjects' lives, and for the writer in relation to readers. In a fictionalised documentary, how does the writer make clear where the boundary lies between fiction and fact, and verbatim and edited testimony? There are also literary questions: How much should the researcher appear in the narrative? How to use the powerful raw material, and recreate the subject’s experience, in a way that readers can access the essence of that experience?
This article was submitted to the EJLW on 14 August 2014 and published on 29 October 2014.
Organometallic Lewis Acids, Part LVIIII [1]. Directed Synthesis of Dinuclear Metal Carbonyl Complexes of Rhenium, Iron, Chromium, and Tungsten with a Single Unsupported Halide or Pseudohalide Bridge (Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, C(CN)3
-, NCS-, PPh2
-, SH-) by Use of Re(CO)5FBF3
Authors: Fritz Peter M. , Sacher Wolfgang , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
By use of Re(CO)5FBF3 the complexes with a single unsupported halide or pseudohalide bridge [Cp(OC)2Fe-X-Re(CO)5]+ BF4
- (X=Cl, I, PPh2), (OC)5M-X-Re(CO)5 (M=Cr, W; X=Br, I, CN, NCS, SH), (OC)5W-N≡C-C[-C≡N-Re(CO)5]2
+ BF4
-, Cp(OC)(NC)Fe-C≡N-Re(CO)5, and [(OC)5Re-N3-Re(CO)5]+ BF4
- have been synthesized.
Impact of Temperature on the Solution Conformation and Performance of AMPS®- and AHPS-based Fluid Loss Polymers in Oil Well Cement
Authors: Tiemeyer Constantin , Plank Johann 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A copolymer composed of 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid (AMPS®) and N,Ndimethylacrylamide (NNDMA) as well as a forpolymer based on AMPS®, NNDMA, 1-allyloxy- 2-hydroxy propane sulfonic acid (AHPS) and acrylic acid (AA) were synthesized and tested for their temperature stability. Both polymers were dissolved and aged in cement pore solution at temperatures between 100 and 220°C and 35 bar pressure, simulating conditions in actual well cementing. The influence of this high-temperature treatment on the fluid loss performance was assessed via highpressure filtration tests. Water retention capacity and adsorption of AMPS®-co-NNDMA was found to decrease as a result of temperature-induced shrinkage of the stiff, linear polymer chain, as evidenced by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement of its hydrodynamic radius. Oppositely, the AHPS-based fluid loss additive did not exhibit coiling under high-temperature conditions. Therefore, its adsorption remained unaffected, and a stable fluid loss performance was observed
Enantioselective Synthesis and Photoreactivity of a Diazirinyl-substituted (R)-β-Phenylalanine
Authors: Schäckermann Jan-Niklas , Lindel Thomas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The first enantioselective synthesis of a photoreactive (R)-β-phenylalanine is described. In the key step, m-diazirinyl-substituted benzaldehyde is converted to a chiral sulfinimine in a Ti(OEt)4- mediated reaction, followed by diastereoselective enolate addition. The absolute configuration of photo (R)-β-phenylalanine was confirmed by Mosher analysis. The photo amino acid proved to be thermally stable under standard laboratory conditions. Irradiation in toluene afforded cycloheptatriene=norcaradiene valence tautomers, together with carbene benzylation. Quantumchemical calculations indicate a small triplet-singlet gap.
Cyanide and Azide Anion Complexation by a Bidentate Stibonium-Borane Lewis Acid
Authors: Wade Casey R. , Gabbaï François P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Our ongoing interest in the chemistry of polyfunctional Lewis acids has led us to investigate the reaction of the stibonium-borane [o-(Ph2MeSb)(Mes2B)C6H4]+ (1+) with cyanide and azide, two toxic anions. Both anions react with 1+ to afford the corresponding neutral complexes 1-CN and 1-N3. Structural and computational studies show that the coordinated anion interacts with both the boron and antimony atoms of the bidentate Lewis acid. While the azide complex features a typical κ2N1 : N1 bridging azide ligand, the cyanide complex possesses a cyanoborate moiety whose cyanide interacts side-on with the stibonium center. The Lewis acid-anion interactions observed in these complexes have also been studied computationally using the Natural Bond Orbital method
Supramolecular Assemblies of Polyphosphorus Ligands Based on Weak Tl–P and In–P Interactions
Authors: Fleischmann Martin , Welsch Stefan , Gregoriades Laurence J. , Gröger Christian , Scheer Manfred 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A systematic investigation of the coordination behavior of Pn complexes towards the main group Lewis acids Tl+ and In+ is presented. While the reaction of the tetrahedral P2 complex [{CpMo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:η2-P2)] (A1) with Tl[TEF] ([TEF] = [Al{OC(CF3)3}4]-) leads to the formation of the dicationic complex [Tl2(A1)6]2+ (1) with a central six-membered Tl2P4 ring, the analogous reaction with In[TEF] leads instead to a tetranuclear [In4(A1)8]4+ complex (3) exhibiting a weak InI-InI interaction in the solid state. When the Cp*-analogous P2 complex [{Cp*Mo(CO)2}2(μ,η2:η2-P2)] (A2) is reacted with Tl[TEF] the dinuclear complex [Tl2(A2)4]2+ (2) is formed, containing only four P2 ligands but also featuring a six-membered Tl2P4 ring motif. From the reactions of the cyclo-P3 complexes [CpM'(CO)2(η3-P3)] (M' = Cr (B1), Mo (B2)) with In[TEF] and Tl[TEF], a series of four isostructural one-dimensional coordination polymers (4a-d) are obtained which exhibit a novel bridging coordination mode of the cyclo-P3 ligands in the solid state. Additionally, the mixed PmSn ligand complex [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η3:η3-P3)(μ,η2:η2-PS)] (C) was reacted with Tl[TEF] to afford a novel one-dimensional coordination polymer (5), which shows an unprecedented bridging s-1,3-coordination mode of ligand C towards Tl+. The compounds were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry, as well as by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy. All products are readily soluble in CH2Cl2, despite in many cases being polymeric in the solid state. Multinuclear NMR spectroscopy suggests a highly dynamic coordination behavior in solution, including fast equilibria between different monomeric species, which is also supported by DFT calculations. The one-dimensional polymers 4c and 4d reveal a triplet in the 31P{1H} MAS NMR spectrum at room temperature, which could be explained by fast rotation of the P3 rings in the solid state.
Harmonic Curved Shears System Prevent of Bile Leakage After Liver Resection in a Pig Model
Authors: Shimoda Mitsugi , Iwasaki Yoshimi , Kubota Keiichi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of TachoComb (TC) collagen fleece and Harmonic Focus (HF) shears in a pig liver resection model. Pigs were divided into 3 groups of 7, in which vessels were tied with silk and TC was applied to the cut surfaces (Silk+TC group), sealed and sheared with HF and TC (HF+TC group), or sealed using HF alone (HF–TC group). After 1 month, we conducted a histologic evaluation and recorded the incidence of bile leakage with infected collections at the liver cut surface. Six pigs were evaluated in each group. In the Silk+TC group, 4 of the 6 pigs had infected collections at the cut surface. Histologically, the silk had remained under the fibrotic tissue, which contained remnants of TC fragments. In the HF+TC group, 5 of the 6 pigs also had infected collections, and histologically, TC had remained in the hard fibrotic tissues. In the HF–TC group, none of the 6 pigs had infected collections, and the histologic findings were normal. Use of the HF alone may be an effective method for preventing bile leakage in infected collections after liver resection.
Primary Esophageal Adenocarcinoma With Distant Metastasis to the Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Sohda Makoto , Ojima Hitoshi , Sano Akihiko , Fukai Yasuyuki , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Hematogenous metastasis of esophageal adenocarcinoma to the skeletal muscle is uncommon. We report a rare case of esophageal adenocarcinoma with metastasis to the skeletal muscle. During pretherapeutic examination, a painful mass was detected in the left thigh of a 49-year-old man. Endoscopic biopsy identified poorly differentiated, advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma. Computed tomography (CT) revealed wall thickening in the distal esophagus. Two enlarged lymph nodes were detected—the middle thoracic paraesophageal lymph node in the mediastinum and the right cardiac lymph node. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography demonstrated left thigh metastasis, which had not been detected by CT 3 weeks previously, with increased accumulation of FDG. Therefore, ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy was performed. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings supported a diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The final diagnosis was primary esophageal adenocarcinoma with distant metastasis to the skeletal (left thigh) muscle. The rate of disease progression in this case emphasizes the malignant potential of esophageal adenocarcinoma. A few cases of skeletal metastasis from advanced esophageal adenocarcinoma have been previously reported. However, rapid metastasis to a distant skeletal muscle with no other hematogenous metastasis is quite rare. Early detection and rapid treatment are especially important in cases of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
The Comparison of the Effects of Ellagic Acid and Diclofenac Sodium on Intra-Abdominal Adhesion: An In Vivo Study in the Rat Model
Authors: Allahverdi Tulay Diken , Allahverdi Ertuğrul , Yayla Sadık , Deprem Turgay , Merhan Oğuz , Vural Sevil 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Peritoneal adhesions are seen frequently after abdominal surgery and can cause serious complications. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the oral use of diclofenac sodium and ellagic acid on formation of postoperative adhesions in rats Studies have shown that agents with anti-inflammatory properties and antioxidant substances can prevent adhesion by decreasing oxidative stress. We compared and evaluated the effects of ellagic acid that has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium on peritoneal adhesion development in our experimental study. Laparotomy was performed with a midline incision under general anesthesia and an adhesion model was created on the antimesenteric side of the cecum in Groups I, II, and III. Group I received 85 mg/kg ellagic acid and Group II, 50 mg/kg diclofenac sodium through the nasogastric catheter while Group III received no medication. Only laparotomy was performed in Group IV. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the 14th day. Following macroscopic scoring, tissue samples were removed and subjected to biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. The degree of adhesion and the malondialdehyde level were decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and glutathione level increased (P &lt; 0.05) in Group I compared to Group II and Group III. The effects of ellagic acid on the prevention of peritoneal adhesion were found to be stronger than diclofenac sodium. This can be explained by the fact that ellagic acid is a strong antioxidant and decreases oxidative stress with anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects.
Variability in subtropical‐tropical cells drives oxygen levels in the tropical Pacific Ocean
Authors: Duteil Olaf , Böning Claus W. , Oschlies Andreas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPrevious studies found a negative trend in oxygen concentrations in tropical regions during the last decades. Employing a biogeochemical circulation model, we highlight the importance of wind‐driven ocean transport associated with the Subtropical‐Tropical Cells (STCs) in setting the oxygen levels in the tropical ocean. The observed and simulated slowdown of the STCs by 30% from the 1960s to the 1990s caused a decrease in oxygen transport to the tropics. Transport of phosphate was similarly reduced, decreasing export production and respiration. The effects of physical transport and biological consumption partly compensate, damping oxygen interannual and decadal variability. Our results suggest that the observed residual oxygen trend in the tropical Pacific is mainly driven by changes in oxygen transport. Accordingly, the observed recent strengthening of the STCs leads us to expect a pause in the oxygen decrease or even an increase of tropical Pacific oxygen values in the near future.
Constraints on the depth and thermal vigor of melting in the Martian mantle
Authors: Filiberto Justin , Dasgupta Rajdeep 
Published: December 2014

AbstractStudies of rocks in Gale Crater and clasts within the Martian meteorite breccia Northwest Africa (NWA) 7034 (and paired stones) have expanded our knowledge of the diversity of igneous rocks that make up the Martian crust beyond those compositions exhibited in the meteorite collection or analyzed at any other landing site. Therefore, the magmas that gave rise to these rocks may have been generated at significantly different conditions in the Martian mantle than those derived from previously studied rocks. Here we build upon our previous models of basalt formation based on rocks analyzed in Gusev Crater and Meridiani Planum to the new models of basalt formation for compositions from Gale Crater and a clast in meteorite NWA 7034. Estimates for the mantle potential temperature, TP based on Noachian age rock analyses in Gale Crater, Gusev Crater, and Bounce Rock in Meridiani Planum, and a vitrophyre clast in NWA 7034 are within error, which suggests that the calculated average TP of 1450 ± 70°C may represent an average global mantle temperature during the Noachian. The TP estimates for the Hesperian and Amazonian, based on orbital analyses of the chemistry of the crust, are lower in temperature than our estimates for the Noachian, which is consistent with simple convective cooling of the interior of Mars. However, the TP estimates from the young meteorites are significantly higher than the estimates based on surface chemistry and are consistent with localized “hot spot” melting and not heating up of the interior.
Polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by EB‐crosslinking of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) with 1,4‐butanediol
Authors: Song Ju‐Myung , Woo Hyun‐Su , Lee Sun‐Young , Sohn Joon‐Yong , Shin Junhwa 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTCrosslinked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes were prepared through the electron beam (EB)‐irradiation crosslinking of SPEEK/1,4‐butanediol under various irradiation conditions and used as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cell applications. The crosslinked membranes were characterized by gel fraction, a universal testing machine (UTM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The gel fraction of the crosslinked membranes was used to estimate the degree of crosslinking, and the gel fraction was found to be increased with an increase of the crosslinker content and EB‐absorbed dose. The UTM results indicate that a brittle EB‐crosslinked membrane becomes more flexible with an increase in the crosslinker content. The DMA results show that the EB‐crosslinked membranes have well‐developed ionic aggregation regions and the cluster Tg of membranes decrease with an increase in the 1,4‐butanediol crosslinker content. The SAXS results show that the Bragg and persistence distance of crosslinked membranes increase with an increase in the crosslinker content. The proton conductivities of the EB‐crosslinked membranes were more than 9 × 10−2 S/cm. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41760.
Retraction: ‘Development, Metamorphosis, Morphology and Diversity: Evolution of Chordates muscles and the Origin of Vertebrates’
Authors: Diogo Rui , Ziermann Janine M. 
Published: December 2014

The above article, published as an Accepted Article online on December 5, 2014, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Parker B. Antin, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to an error at the publishers, which resulted in a preliminary draft of the article being posted online. The correct article, ‘Development, metamorphosis, morphology and diversity: the evolution of chordate muscles and the origin of vertebrates’ by Rui Diogo and Janine M. Ziermann, was published online on December 22, 2014, doi: 10.1002/dvdy.24245.References
Diogo R,
Ziermann JM. 2014.. Dev. Dyn., 10.1002/dvdy.24236

Diogo R,
Ziermann JM. 2014. . Dev. Dyn., 10.1002/dvdy.24245
Examining contextual control in roulette gambling
Authors: Whiting Seth W. , Dixon Mark R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe examined the influence of derived rules on roulette betting. Twelve college students selected between red and black bets on a roulette wheel in a pretest, then participated in a relational training procedure that established functions of more than for the color bet least often and less than for the color bet more frequently. When playing roulette again, 11 of the 12 participants increased betting on the color with the same formal properties of the contextual cue for more than in relational training.
Modelling wet‐air oxidation of phenol in a trickle‐bed reactor using active carbon as a catalyst
Authors: Janecki Daniel , Szczotka Anna , Burghardt Andrzej , Bartelmus Grażyna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCatalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol in a trickle‐bed reactor has been investigated (operating parameters: P=1.85 MPa, T=393, 413, 433 K, L=0.17–1.77 kg m−2 s−1 and G=0.2–0.62 kg m−2 s−1). Activated carbon was used as a catalyst. The experimental results have been simulated by Eulerian multifluid model (CFD) and for comparison by the plug flow model.RESULTSThe experiments proved that active carbon can be applied as a catalyst in the phenol oxidation processes revealing a catalytic activity comparable with that of commonly used metal oxides. The highest conversion of phenol obtained in long‐lasting experimental runs carried out at stable catalytic activity (PO2 = 0.31 MPa, T=413 K) was about 60%. Computed results show that the CFD model approximates better the experimental data (mean error 11.6%; standard deviation 5.2%) than the plug flow model (mean error 16.9%; standard deviation 12.2%).CONCLUSIONCWAO of phenol over active carbon as a catalyst cannot be applied as an independent purification method. To remove phenol completely CWAO must be combined with other depolluting technology. The CFD model describes better the hydrodynamic phenomena in a bed of variable porosity than the simple plug flow model. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Stakeholder engagement in wildlife management: Does the public trust doctrine imply limits?
Authors: Decker Daniel J. , Forstchen Ann B. , Pomeranz Emily F. , Smith Christian A. , Riley Shawn J. , Jacobson Cynthia A. , Organ John F. , Batcheller Gordon R. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRecent evolution of the wildlife management institution in the United States includes adoption of good governance principles, wherein stakeholders expect and are provided opportunities for input and involvement in making decisions about public wildlife resources. Concurrently and perhaps paradoxically, state wildlife agencies are encouraged to operate with fidelity to the public trust doctrine and the principles of public trust administration, which may require trust administrators (i.e., appointed commissioners and public wildlife managers) to keep trust beneficiaries (i.e., theoretically all citizens, but especially special interests) at arm's length (i.e., restricted from having undue control) with respect to directly influencing decision‐making. In addition, public trust administration includes citizens taking responsibility for holding trust administrators accountable and requires government to provide citizens recourse for doing so. In practice, however, accountability typically is achieved through political influence or litigation, both routes antithetical to efficient public trust resource administration. This set of potentially conflicting expectations—practicing good governance through citizens' engagement in wildlife decision‐making processes, limiting beneficiaries' direct influence on decisions of trust administrators, and citizens' responsibility for holding trust administrators accountable—creates an apparent conundrum for state wildlife agencies. As a catalyst for deliberation about the implications of public trust doctrine in the wildlife profession, we describe potential problems and suggest ways for public wildlife managers to perform their responsibilities with due diligence to the combined expectations and requirements of good governance and the public trust doctrine. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.