bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol-Attributable Cancer Deaths and Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States
Authors: Nelson David E. , Jarman Dwayne W. , Rehm Jürgen , Greenfield Thomas K. , Rey Grégoire , Kerr William C. , Miller Paige , Shield Kevin D. , Ye Yu , Naimi Timothy S. 
Published: February 2013

Objectives. Our goal was to provide current estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer mortality and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in the United States.Methods. We used 2 methods to calculate population-attributable fractions. We based relative risks on meta-analyses published since 2000, and adult alcohol consumption on data from the 2009 Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System, 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and 2009–2010 National Alcohol Survey.Results. Alcohol consumption resulted in an estimated 18 200 to 21 300 cancer deaths, or 3.2% to 3.7% of all US cancer deaths. The majority of alcohol-attributable female cancer deaths were from breast cancer (56% to 66%), whereas upper airway and esophageal cancer deaths were more common among men (53% to 71%). Alcohol-attributable cancers resulted in 17.0 to 19.1 YPLL for each death. Daily consumption of up to 20 grams of alcohol (≤ 1.5 drinks) accounted for 26% to 35% of alcohol-attributable cancer deaths.Conclusions. Alcohol remains a major contributor to cancer mortality and YPLL. Higher consumption increases risk but there is no safe threshold for alcohol and cancer risk. Reducing alcohol consumption is an important and underemphasized cancer prevention strategy.
Decriminalization of Abortion in Mexico City: The Effects on Women’s Reproductive Rights
Authors: Becker Davida , Díaz Olavarrieta Claudia 
Published: February 2013

In April 2007, the Mexico City, Mexico, legislature passed landmark legislation decriminalizing elective abortion in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. In Mexico City, safe abortion services are now available to women through the Mexico City Ministry of Health’s free public sector legal abortion program and in the private sector, and more than 89 000 legal abortions have been performed. By contrast, abortion has continued to be restricted across the Mexican states (each state makes its own abortion laws), and there has been an antichoice backlash against the legislation in 16 states. Mexico City’s abortion legislation is an important first step in improving reproductive rights, but unsafe abortions will only be eliminated if similar abortion legislation is adopted across the entire country.
A New Approach to Load Balance for Parallel Compositional Simulation Based on Reservoir Model Over-decomposition
Authors: Wang Yuhe , Killough John E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The quest for efficient and scalable parallel reservoir simulators has been evolving with the advancement of high performance computing architectures. Among the various challenges of efficiency and scalability, load imbalance is a major obstacle that has not been fully addressed and solved. The reasons that cause load imbalance in parallel reservoir simulation are both static and dynamic. Robust graph partitioning algorithms are capable of handling static load imbalance by decomposing the underlying reservoir geometry to distribute a roughly equal load to each processor. However, these loads determined by a static load balancer seldom remain unchanged as the simulation proceeds in time. This so called dynamic imbalance can be further exacerbated in parallel compositional simulations. The flash calculations for equations of state in complex compositional simulations not only can consume over half of the total execution time but also are difficult to balance merely by a static load balancer. The computational cost of flash calculations in each grid block heavily depends on the dynamic data such as pressure, temperature, and hydrocarbon composition. Thus, any static assignment of grid blocks may lead to dynamic load imbalance in unpredictable manners. A dynamic load balancer can often provide solutions for this difficulty. However, traditional techniques are inflexible and tedious to implement in legacy reservoir simulators. In this paper, we present a new approach to address dynamic load imbalance in parallel compositional simulation. It over-decomposes the reservoir model to assign each processor a bundle of subdomains. Processors treat these bundles of subdomains as virtual processes or user-level migratable threads which can be dynamically migrated across processors in the run-time system. This technique is shown to be capable of achieving better overlap between computation and communication for cache efficiency. We employ this approach in a legacy reservoir simulator and demonstrate reduction in the execution time of parallel compositional simulations while requiring minimal changes to the source code. Finally, it is shown that domain over-decomposition together with a load balancer can improve speedup from 29.27 to 62.38 on 64 physical processors for a realistic simulation problem.
Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects of Chloramphenicol on Scenedesmus Obliquus and Chlorella Pyrenoidosa
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Wenfang , An Shuai , Xiong Bang , Lin Kuangfei , Cui Xinhong , Guo Meijin 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: The acute and chronic toxicological effects of Chloramphenicol (CAP) on Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa are not well understood. The indoor experiments were carried to observe and analyze the CAP induced changes. Results of the observations have showed that CAP exposure could significantly inhibit the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in almost all the treated groups, while Chlorella pyrenoidosa exhibited less sensitivity. Chlorophyll‐a syntheses of Scenedesmus obliquus were all inhibited by CAP exposure, while Chlorella pyrenoidosa displayed obvious stimulation effect. Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of both algae were promoted in all the treatments. The experimental results indicated that the growth and Chlorophyll‐a syntheses of Scenedesmus obliquus were more sensitive in response to CAP exposure than that of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. While for CAT and SOD activities, Chlorella pyrenoidosa showed more susceptible. This research provides a basic understanding of CAP toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Productivity-Target Difficulty, Target-Based Pay, and Outside-the-Box Thinking
Authors: Webb R. Alan , Williamson Michael G. , Zhang Yue (May 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
In an environment where individual productivity can be increased through efforts directed at a conventional task approach and more efficient task approaches that can be identified by thinking outside-the-box, we examine the effects of productivity-target difficulty and pay contingent on meeting and beating this target (i.e., target-based pay). We argue that while challenging targets and target-based pay can hinder the discovery of production efficiencies, they can motivate high productive effort whereby individuals work harder and more productively using either the conventional task approach or more efficient task approaches when discovered. Results of a laboratory experiment support our predictions. Individuals assigned an easy productivity target and paid a fixed wage identify a greater number of production efficiencies than those with either challenging targets or target-based pay. However, individuals with challenging targets and/or target-based pay have higher productivity per production efficiency discovered, suggesting these control tools better motivate productive effort. Collectively, our results suggest that the ultimate effectiveness of these control tools will likely hinge on the importance of promoting the discovery of production efficiencies relative to motivating productive effort. In doing so, our results provide a better understanding of conflicting prescriptions from the practitioner literature and business press.
Mycotoxins Biosynthesized by Plant-Derived Fusarium Isolates / Tvorba Mikotoksina U Vrstama Roda Fusarium Izoliranim Iz Biljaka
Authors: Waśkiewicz Agnieszka , Stępień Łukasz 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere is little information on secondary metabolites produced by Fusaria infecting crop plants other than cereals. Many members of Fusarium genus have the ability to colonise perennial crops with only scarce infection or disease symptoms or with no symptoms at all while still being detectable. Even in case of such asymptomatic infection, significant mycotoxin contamination of the plant tissues is possible. The aim of this study was to characterise the spectrum of Fusarium species isolates obtained from different plant hosts (like asparagus, garlic, pineapple, banana, rhubarb, peppers, rice, maize, wheat, and oncidium) and evaluate their ability to biosynthesize the most common mycotoxins in vitro. Among the F.proliferatum isolates, up to 57 % of them biosynthesized fumonisins at very high mass fractions, amounting to above 1000 μg g-1, while other Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides, F. lactis, F. polyphialydicum, F. concentricum, F. temperatum, and F. fujikuroi formed fumonisins mostly at much lower level. Only F.ananatum and F. oxysporum did not produce these toxins. Co-occurrence of FBs with other mycotoxins [moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin (BEA)] was often observed and it was mainly F. proliferatum species that formed both mycotoxins (0.4 μg g-1 to 41.1 μg g-1 BEA and 0.1 μg g-1 to 158.5 μg g-1 MON).
Biomechanical analysis of anticipation of elite and inexperienced goalkeepers to distance shots in handball
Authors: Rojas F. Javier , Gutiérrez-Davila Marcos , Ortega Manuel , Campos José , Párraga Juan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the anticipation time and kinematic factors in the movement ofgoalkeepers’ center of mass when making a long-distance throw in handball. The sample group was composed of 14goalkeepers and field players. A force platform was used to measure the force of the goalkeepers’ reaction movements, whilethe throwers’ movements were recorded with high-speed cameras. The expert goalkeepers began to move 193 ± 67 ms beforethe ball was released, with a 67% success rate of interception. The inexperienced goalkeepers began their movement 209 ±127 ms with a 24% success rate. The time taken by expert goalkeepers to begin a vertical movement of their CM, relative tothe moment of the ball’s release, was less than the time taken by inexperienced goalkeepers (77 ± 70 vs. 141 ± 108 msrespectively). The analysis of the velocity and movement indicates that expert goalkeepers wait longer before moving than doinexperienced goalkeepers.
English-induced changes to urban colloquial Hindi lexicon and structure. mixed speech as a mode of discourse
Authors: Borowiak Tomasz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Tomasz Borowiak. English-Induced Changes to Urban Colloquial Hindi Lexicon and Structure.Mixed Speech as a Mode of Discourse. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. L IV (1)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-103-7, pp. 35-44.
This article aims at describing some of the lexical and grammatical innovations observed in Hindi as a result of English impact. We investigate some crucial aspects of English noun borrowing and further along discuss some other phenomena that occur in Hindi due to the language contact, e.g. preposition transfer and hybridization. The data for this research consists of internet newspaper excerpts, samples from Indian film and radio speech. We try to show that English influence has far reaching effects on Hindi lexicon and structure. The conclusion to be drawn from the present investigation is that the intense interaction between English and Hindi may be the initial step towards the creation of an interlanguage located somewhere between the two languages in question.
Modeling of piston ring pack dynamics
Authors: Novotný Pavel , Píštěk Václav , Drápal Lubomír 
Published: February 2013

SHRNUTÍ
Pístní kroužky hrají důležitou roli při mazání spalovacích motorů se značnými důsledky na opotřebení motoru, třecí ztráty a spotřebu oleje. Výpočtové řešení dynamiky pístních kroužků představuje značný problém a vyžaduje využití numerických přístupů s množstvím vhodných vstupů. V případě tohoto článku jsou použity numerické postupy pro řešení dynamiky pístních kroužků za podmínek smíšeného mazání se vstupy z virtuálního motoru a vhodných experimentů. Výpočtový algoritmus je rovněž zpracován do uživatelského prostředí a je k dispozici pro průmyslové využití. Výsledky řešení jsou prezentovány na vznětovém přeplňovaném motoru v konfiguraci s třemi pístními kroužky.
Autonomous driving algorithms in scaled environment
Authors: Achtenová Gabriela , Korec Ondrej 
Published: February 2013

SHRNUTÍ
Članek se zabyva zhodnocenim vyvoje projektu SMALL na ČVUT v Praze, ktery se tykal zkoušek systemů vedouci k autonomnimu navaděni vozidel. Pomoci zmenšeneho modelu vozidla byly odzkoušeny algoritmy adaptivniho tempomatu, včetně systemu Stop&Go a sledovani trajektorie vpředu jedouciho vozidla. Pomoci podobnostniho teoremu je možne vysledky přepočitat na skutečne vozidlo a předpovidat tak chovani vozidla v koloně, či stabilitu kolony vozidel.
Evolution Of Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease In The Elderly
Authors: Tuţă Liliana Ana , Stăniguţ Alina , Câmpineanu B. , Zica Raluca 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Recently, there is an increased interest in the detection of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in the general population, especially . A classification of CKD, based on several stages of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), has been established from almost 10 years. In our study we monitored eighthy patients older than 65 years, clinically and biochemically, during one year. A number of 80 clinically stable patients, with a median age of 74 years, recruited between october and december 2010, were followed up during one year. We separated them in two groups: Group 1: 40 patients with serum creatinine < = 1,2 mg/dl (range 0,7- 1,2) and with no proteinuria; and Group 2: 40 patients with serum creatinine > 1.2 mg/dl (range 1,2-3,5) and with proteinuria < 3,5 g/24 hours. We measured serum creatinine and eGFR at the time of recruitment and after one year of follow up using abreviated MDRD equation. Statistical comparisons were made using the general lineal model for repeated measures of the SPSS 11.0 program. The most frequent comorbidities were cardio-vascular(> 75%) and infections (25%). 13.75% of the patients died during the follow up, especially from group 2. Only 25% of group 2 patients needed erithropoietin (EPO) treatment. Estimated GFR and proteinuria remained relatively stable at the end of one year in patients from group 1, but survivors from group 2 registered a median decrease of 9 mL/min.
Non-Descent Vaginal Hysterectomy - Analysis of 100 Cases
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Soma , Pal Manidip 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of performing vaginal hysterectomy for non-prolapsed uteri as primary route METHODS: 100 patients planned for hysterectomy for a wide range of indications like large uterus, cervix flushed with vagina, previous pelvic surgery were chosen for vaginal hysterectomy. Prerequisite were uterine size not more than 16 weeks, adequate vaginal access and good uterine mobility. Patients with utero-vaginal prolapse, complex adnexal mass and suspected malignancy were excluded. RESULTS: Majority were aged 35 – 45 years (77%) with 8 nullipara and 21 primipara. Commonest indication was fibroid (54%) and largest uterine size was 16 weeks. There were 79 patients with history of different pelvic surgeries. Different morcellation techniques were used in more than 10 weeks sized uteri. Adnexal surgeries were performed in 12 cases without difficulty. In uncomplicated cases average blood loss was 200 ml and operating time was 50 minutes. Most of the patients were discharged by 5th post operative day. Two patients were converted to abdominal route due to bladder injury and slippage of upper pedicle respectively. CONCLUSION: Experience and training can lead gynecologist to consider the vaginal approach as the standard route for hysterectomy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v3i1.4471Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 3(2012) 1-5
Fruit and Vegetable Preferences and Intake: Among Children in Alberta
Authors: Chu Yen Li , Farmer Anna , Fung Christina , Kuhle Stefan , Veugelers Paul 
Published: February 2013

Purpose: The association between preference for and intake of fruits and vegetables was examined among Albertan children. Methods: Data used were collected as part of a provincial population-based survey among grade 5 children in Alberta. Intake of two fruits and five vegetables was assessed using the Harvard food frequency questionnaire, and preference for individual fruit and vegetable items was rated using a three-point Likert-type scale. Random effects models with children nested within schools were used to test for associations between fruit and vegetable preference and intake. Results: A total of 3398 children aged 10 to 11 years returned completed surveys. Children who reported a greater liking for fruits and vegetables also reported significantly (p<0.001) higher intake. On average, children who liked a food a lot ate 0.5 to 2.7 more weekly servings of the food than did children who did not like the food. Conclusions: These findings suggest that focusing on interventions designed to increase taste preference may lead to increased fruit and vegetable intake among children. Introducing children to unfamiliar fruits and vegetables through taste testing may be an effective and practical health promotion approach for improving dietary habits.
Gestational age Estimated by Abdominal Circumference in Bangladesh
Authors: Rashid Sabrina Q 
Published: February 2013

Objective: Abdominal circumference measurement is an important parameter for determining fetal growth. Fetal growth will be more accurately assessed if we use tables constructed on our own population. A table of fetal gestational age estimation by abdominal circumference in Bangladeshi population is prepared, so that a quick assessment of its growth can be made.Methods: This study was a prospective, cross-sectional study, conducted on well dated, singleton pregnancies. A table and a graph were prepared after fitting Polynomial regression models.Results: Nomogram for gestational age estimation by abdominal circumference was prepared. 1223 patients were included in the study. Percentiles, mean and standard deviations were derived from the raw data. Polynomial regression model was a good fit to the data. Standard deviations increased with gestational age. In the early second trimester Bangladeshi and western studies were similar but as pregnancy advanced there was variation between the two races.Conclusion: This chart can be useful for Bangladeshi population, by helping in assessment of fetal growth and gestational age by abdominal circumference, especially in the 3rd trimester. This is so, because abdominal circumference is very sensitive to fetal nutritional status. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i2.13781 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(2) : 64-67
Maternal and Fetal Outcome of Eclamptic Patients in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Akhtar Rowshan , Ferdous Afroza , Bhuiyan Syeda Nurjahan 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To study on clinical profile & maternal - fetal outcome of eclamptic patient.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was done in the department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology in Chittagong Medical College and Hospital from January to December 2010. All patients with eclampsia were included in the study, it was 416. Patients came with convulsion other than eclampsia e.g. epilepsy, malaria, septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral haemorrage, high fever, hepatic coma were excluded.Main outcome measures: Incidence of eclampsia, sociodemographic status, ante natal care, time interval between attack and admission, level of consciousness was assessed by AVPU(Alert, response to voice, response to pain stimuli, Unconsciousness) score, types of eclampsia patients (antepartum,intrapartum,postpartum), number of convulsion, gestational age distribution of the patients, mode of delivery , maternal and fetal outcome.Results: Total number of deliveries during this period was 13,635. The incidence of eclampsia in this study was 3.05 %. Among 416 patients with eclampsia most of the patients were between 20-25 years (77%), a large number were primi para (72.5%), most of them comes from rural area (76%), most of them belongs to poor socioeconomic condition (72%), 49% patients were illiterate, 60 % patients had no antenatal check up, 52 % patients came after 6 hours of beginning of convulsion, 18 patients (4%) were unconscious, most of the patients had antepartum eclampsia (64%) , number of convulsion was between 5-9 in about 58% case , 63% were delivered by LSCS, 23% mother showed complications of eclampsia, of them pulmonary oedema (7.45%) and renal failure(6.49%) were common, 35 (8%) mothers were died. Among perinatal mortality 18% baby were stillbirth and 9% were early neonatal death.Conclusion: Eclampsia is still a major killer disease in Bangladesh. It is a preventable disease if preeclampsia is diagnosed by antenatal care. By giving quality antenatal care, mass awareness regarding the importance of antenatal care, emergency obstetric service in the upazilla health complex we can prevent eclampsia. Female education, employment, empowerment is urgently needed to reduce the incidence of this killer diseases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjog.v26i2.13784 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2011; Vol. 26(2) : 77-80
The Incidence of Femoral Component Version Change in Primary THA Using the S-ROM Femoral Component
Authors: Kindsfater Kirk A. , Politi Joel R. , Dennis Douglas A. , Sychterz Terefenko Christi J. 
Published: February 2013

Although use of modular femoral components in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is widely accepted, many still question the need for modular versatility in primary THA. This study examined a large cohort of primary THA patients implanted with a modular S-ROM femoral component (DePuy Orthopaedics, Warsaw, Indiana) to determine the percentage of hips in which the surgeon changed version of the femoral component to increase the intraoperative stability of the THA construct and/or to maximize hip range of motion without impingement.
In a group of 1000 routine, primary THAs, femoral component version was changed in 479 hips (47.9%). This change in rotational position of the femoral stem ranged from 60° retroversion with respect to the position of the sleeve to 80° of anteversion with respect to the sleeve. Ten hips (1%) experienced dislocation within the first 3 postoperative months. There was no difference in the dislocation rate between those patients in which femoral component version was changed versus those in which version was not changed. Statistical analysis showed no correlation between the likelihood of changing stem version and any of the following clinical variables: patient age, sex, diagnosis, or surgeon.
The high percentage of straightforward primary THAs in which it was deemed beneficial to change version of the stem combined with the lack of correlation between femoral version change and clinical variables leads us to conclude that the routine use of a stem that allows variable version may be advantageous when compared to a nonmodular stem, as it is not possible to preoperatively determine when changing version will be required.