bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Responsiveness to Therapeutic Change with Routine Outcome Monitoring: A Comparison of the Symptom Questionnaire‐48 (SQ‐48) with the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45)
Authors: Carlier Ingrid V. E. , Kovács Viktória , van Noorden Martijn S. , van der Feltz‐Cornelis Christina , Mooij Nanda , Schulte‐van Maaren Yvonne W. M. , van Hemert Albert M. , Zitman Frans G. , Giltay Erik J. 
Published: October 2015

Assessment of psychological distress is important, because it may help to monitor treatment effects and predict treatment outcomes. We previously developed the 48‐item Symptom Questionnaire (SQ‐48) as a public domain self‐report psychological distress instrument and showed good internal consistency as well as good convergent and divergent validity among clinical and non‐clinical samples. The present study, conducted among psychiatric outpatients in a routine clinical setting, describes additional psychometric properties of the SQ‐48. The primary focus is on responsiveness to therapeutic change, which to date has been rarely examined within psychiatry or clinical psychology. Since a questionnaire should also be stable when no clinically important change occurs, we also examined test–retest reliability within a test–retest design before treatment (n = 43). A pre‐treatment/post‐treatment design was used for responsiveness to therapeutic change, comparing the SQ‐48 with two internationally widely used instruments: the Brief Symptom Inventory (n = 97) and the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (n = 109). The results showed that the SQ‐48 has excellent test–retest reliability and good responsiveness to therapeutic change, without significant differences between the questionnaires in terms of responsiveness. In sum, the SQ‐48 is a psychometrically sound public domain self‐report instrument that can be used for routine outcome monitoring, as a benchmark tool or for research purposes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner MessageThe SQ‐48 is developed as a public domain self‐report questionnaire, in line with growing efforts to develop clinical instruments that are free of charge.The SQ‐48 has excellent test–retest reliability and good responsiveness to therapeutic change or patient progress.There were no significant differences in terms of responsiveness between the SQ‐48 and BSI or OQ‐45.The SQ‐48 can be used as a routine evaluation outcome measure for quality assurance in clinical practice.Providing feedback on patient progress via outcome measures could contribute to the enhancement of treatment outcomes.
Diabetic foot infections: Current treatment and delaying the ‘post‐antibiotic era’
Authors: Lipsky Benjamin A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundTreatment for diabetic foot infections requires properly diagnosing infection, obtaining an appropriate specimen for culture, assessing for any needed surgical procedures and selecting an empiric antibiotic regimen. Therapy will often need to be modified based on results of culture and sensitivity testing. Because of excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics for treating diabetic foot infections, resistance to the usually employed bacteria has been increasing to alarming levels.ReviewThis article reviews recommendations from evidence‐based guidelines, informed by results of systematic reviews, on treating diabetic foot infections. Data from the pre‐antibiotic era reported rates of mortality of about 9% and of high‐level leg amputations of about 70%. Outcomes have greatly improved with appropriate antibiotic therapy. While there are now many oral and parenteral antibiotic agents that have demonstrated efficacy in treating diabetic foot infections, the rate of infection with multidrug‐resistant pathogens is growing. This problem requires a multi‐focal approach, including providing education to both clinicians and patients, developing robust antimicrobial stewardship programmes and using new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies. Recently, new methods have been developed to find novel antibiotic agents and to resurrect old treatments, like bacteriophages, for treating these difficult infections.ConclusionMedical and political leaders have recognized the serious global threat posed by the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. By a multipronged approach that includes exerting administrative pressure on clinicians to do the right thing, investing in new technologies and encouraging the profitable development of new antimicrobials, we may be able to stave off the coming ‘post‐antibiotic era’. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The transcriptomic and evolutionary signature of social interactions regulating honey bee caste development
Authors: Vojvodic Svjetlana , Johnson Brian R. , Harpur Brock A. , Kent Clement F. , Zayed Amro , Anderson Kirk E. , Linksvayer Timothy A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe caste fate of developing female honey bee larvae is strictly socially regulated by adult nurse workers. As a result of this social regulation, nurse‐expressed genes as well as larval‐expressed genes may affect caste expression and evolution. We used a novel transcriptomic approach to identify genes with putative direct and indirect effects on honey bee caste development, and we subsequently studied the relative rates of molecular evolution at these caste‐associated genes. We experimentally induced the production of new queens by removing the current colony queen, and we used RNA sequencing to study the gene expression profiles of both developing larvae and their caregiving nurses before and after queen removal. By comparing the gene expression profiles of queen‐destined versus worker‐destined larvae as well as nurses observed feeding these two types of larvae, we identified larval and nurse genes associated with caste development. Of 950 differentially expressed genes associated with caste, 82% were expressed in larvae with putative direct effects on larval caste, and 18% were expressed in nurses with putative indirect effects on caste. Estimated selection coefficients suggest that both nurse and larval genes putatively associated with caste are rapidly evolving, especially those genes associated with worker development. Altogether, our results suggest that indirect effect genes play important roles in both the expression and evolution of socially influenced traits such as caste.
Alcohol and Other Addictive Disorders Following Bariatric Surgery: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Possible Etiologies
Authors: Steffen Kristine J. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Joseph A. , Pollert Garrett A. , Sondag Cindy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBariatric surgery is currently the most effective intervention for significant and sustained weight loss in obese individuals. While patients often realize numerous improvements in obesity‐related comorbidities and health‐related quality of life, a small minority of patients have less optimal outcomes following bariatric surgery. The literature on the emergence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) following bariatric surgery has grown in the past several years and collectively provides convincing evidence that a significant minority of patients develop new‐onset AUDs following bariatric surgery. Rouxen‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has generally been associated with the risk of developing an AUD, while laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding generally has not, in several large studies. One theory that has been discussed at some length is the idea of ‘addiction transfer’ wherein patients substitute one ‘addiction’ (food) for a new ‘addiction’ (alcohol) following surgery. Animal work suggests a neurobiological basis for increased alcohol reward following RYGB. In addition, several pharmacokinetic studies have shown rapid and dramatically increased peak alcohol concentrations following RYGB. The prevalence of alcohol and other addictive disorders and potential etiological contributors to post‐operative AUDs will be explored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Urine metabolomics of women from small villages exposed to high environmental cadmium levels
Authors: Xu Yinghua , Wang Jin , Liang Xuxia , Gao Yanhong , Chen Wencai , Huang Qiong , Liang Chunsui , Tang Liuying , Ouyang Gangfeng , Yang Xingfen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

The present study aimed to identify urine metabolites in women exposed to high cadmium (Cd) levels. Twenty-one women exposed to environmental Cd and 12 age-matched controls were categorized as high exposure (urine Cd ≥ 15 μg/g creatinine; n = 9) or low exposure (15 μg/g creatinine &gt; urine Cd &gt; 5 μg/g creatinine; n = 12). Low–molecular weight metabolites in urine were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry after derivatization. An orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis model was constructed, and metabolites from the dimensional model were selected according to the variable importance in projection (&gt;1). Metabolites differing significantly in abundance between different exposure groups were identified by searching mass spectral databases, and related pathways were analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Approximately 110 significantly different metabolites were detected with variable importance in projection &gt; 1, and 48 of them were found to differ markedly in abundance among the 3 groups. Twenty-seven matched with known metabolites, including 22 significantly increased and 5 markedly decreased in the high-exposure group (p &lt; 0.01). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes results indicated that carbohydrate, amino acid, bone, and intestinal flora metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were affected by Cd exposure. The present study identified metabolites that differed in abundance in response to Cd exposure. Further studies may connect these biomarkers to early damage caused by Cd. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1268–1275. © 2015 SETAC
Oral Health, Dental Insurance and Dental Service use in Australia
Authors: Srivastava Preety , Chen Gang , Harris Anthony 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study uses data from the 2004–2006 Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health and a simultaneous equation framework to investigate the interrelationships between dental health, private dental insurance and the use of dental services. The results show that insurance participation is influenced by social and demographic factors, health and health behaviours. In turn, these factors affect the use of dental services, both directly and through insurance participation. Our findings confirm that affordability is a major barrier to visiting the dentist for oral health maintenance and treatment. Our results suggest that having supplementary insurance is associated with some 56 percentage points higher probability of seeing the dentist in the general population. For those who did not have private insurance cover, we predict that conditional on them facing the same insurance conditions, on average, having insurance would increase their visits to the dentist by 43 percentage points. The uninsured in the survey have lower income, worse oral health and lower rates of preventive and treatment visits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Esculetin Induces Apoptosis Through EGFR/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway and Nucleophosmin Relocalization
Authors: Jeon Young‐Joo , Cho Jin Hyoung , Lee Seung‐Yeop , Choi Yung Hyun , Park Hongju , Jung Seunggon , Shim Jung‐Hyun , Chae Jung‐Il 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTEsculetin, a coumarin compound, has anti‐proliferative effects on various types of human cancer cells, but its effect on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is unknown. In this study, we determined whether esculetin had anti‐proliferative effects on two oral squamous cell lines, HN22, and HSC2. We found that esculetin inhibited cell viability by inducing apoptosis, as evinced by apoptotic cell morphologies, nuclear fragmentation, and the multi‐caspase/MMP activity. Furthermore, proteomic analysis was used to identify the target‐specific proteins involved in esculetin treatment. Intriguingly, apoptotic cell death by esculetin was associated with significant inhibition of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that the expression of nucleophosmin (NPM) markedly decreased after esculetin treatment, and relocalization of NPM from the nucleous to the cytoplasm, together with p65, potentiated apoptotic stimulation. Additionally, our data indicated that NPM expression was markedly higher in OSCC tissues than in normal tissues. Our results collectively indicated that esculetin inhibited the proliferation of OSCC through EGFR‐mediated signaling pathways and down‐regulation of NPM as well as the perturbation of NPM trafficking from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm resulted in apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1210–1221, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Photocatalytic Activity and Stability of Nano‐sized Ag/Ag2CO3 Plasmonic Photocatalyst by Surface Modification of Fe(III) Nanocluster
Authors: Dai Gaopeng , Li Siyong , Liu Suqin , liang Ying , Zhao Heng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe surface modification of Ag/Ag2CO3 with Fe(III) ions has been achieved through simply photoreduction‐impregnation method. The obtained products were characterized by means of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy. Under visible‐light irradiation (γ>420 nm), the Fe(III)/Ag/Ag2CO3 sample displays a higher photocatalytic activity and stability than pure Ag2CO3 and Ag/Ag2CO3 samples for the degradation of methyl orange (MO). The improved photocatalytic activity and stability of this ternary system could be ascribed to the synergetic effect between Ag nanoparticles and Fe(III) nanocluster. The metallic Ag nanoparticles cause an obviously enhanced visible‐light absorption to produce more photogenerated charges, while the Fe(III) works as an active site for the following oxygen reduction to reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes.
The Influencing of Preanodized Inlaying Ultrathin Carbon Paste Electrode on the Oxidation for the Xanthine and Hypoxanthine by the Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Qiao Yue‐chun , Li Jing , Li Yao , Li Quan‐min 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a pre‐anodized inlaying ultrathin carbon paste electrode (PAIUCPE) with 316L as a matrix was constructed by a simple and fast electrochemical pretreatment. Using xanthine (Xa) and hypoxanthine (HXa) as the target compounds, the pH effects compositions of buffer solution, the accumulation times, hydrogen bond catalysis, degree of auxiliary electrode reaction on the size of peak currents (Ip) of Xa and HXa was discussed in detail. Also, it was proposed that Xa and HXa were respectively absorbed at the surface of PAIUCPE through hydrogen bonding. The influencing mechanisms of the PAIUCEP on electrochemical oxidation of Xa and HXa were explained in detail. Moreover, the linear relationships for the Xa and HXa were obtained in the range of 6×10−8–3×10−5 mol/L and 2×10−7–7×10−5 mol/L, respectively. The detection limits for the Xa and HXa were 1.2×10−8 mol/L and 5.7×10−8 mol/L, respectively. Moreover, this proposed method could be applied to determine the Xa and HXa in human urine simultaneously with satisfactory results.
Synthesis of New Tetrazole Derivatives of Spiro‐ and Bis‐barbiturates
Authors: Kashani Elmira , Pesyan Nader Noroozi , Sahin Ertan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis work described the synthesis of the first and unprecedented examples of 5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazoles including spiro‐ and bis‐(thio)barbiturates, generated from the reaction between 4‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)benzaldehyde with (thio)barbituric acids and cyanogen bromide (BrCN) in the presence of triethylamine, providing good overall yields. Tetrazoles based on bis‐(thio) barbiturates were also obtained in the absence of BrCN under the same conditions. The structures were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, X‐ray crystallography and mass analysis techniques. The reaction mechanism was proposed. The hydrogen bond strength (EHB) versus d (O1⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅O7 (w)) distance (kcal.mol−1) and corresponding pKa value for the proton of H3A (in water molecule) in 4b.H2O were estimated to be 13.8 kcal.mol−1 and 8.2, respectively.
Effect of nickel and grafting combination on yield, fruit quality, antioxidative enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and mineral composition of tomato
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Rouphael Youssef , Cardarelli Mariateresa , Colla Giuseppe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSoil contamination by heavy metals negatively affects crop productivity, besides representing serious threat to human health. Grafting tomato onto appropriate rootstocks may raise Ni tolerance through limiting heavy metal uptake by roots and/or its translocation to the shoot and by detoxification. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the influence of long‐term Ni exposure (0, 25, or 50 µM) on crop productivity, fruit quality, leaf chlorophyll content, fluorescence, electrolyte leakage, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities in leaf, proline content, membrane lipid peroxidation, and mineral composition of tomato plants cv. Ikram, either self‐grafted or grafted onto three rootstocks: Black Beauty, Unifort, and Maxifort. Significant reduction in yield was observed in response to an increase in Ni concentration with more detrimental effects at 50 µM Ni. The fruit dry matter and total soluble solids content increased under severe Ni stress. The depression of crop performance under Ni toxicity was attributed to a decrease in leaf pigments (SPAD index), efficiency of PSII, macro‐ and microelements, and increase in lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Plants grafted onto tomato rootstocks Maxifort and Unifort exhibited higher chlorophyll content, photochemical activity of PSII, antioxidant activity of APX and GPX, lower accumulation of MDA, and a better nutritional status (higher Ca and Fe, and lower Ni) in the leaf tissues in comparison with self‐grafted plants and those grafted onto Black Beauty. Plants grafted onto tomato rootstocks Unifort and especially Maxifort could minimize the nickel toxicity by improving nutritional status and detoxification processes.
Children with unilateral hearing loss may have lower intelligence quotient scores: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Purcell Patricia L. , Shinn Justin R. , Davis Greg E. , Sie Kathleen C. Y. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisIn this meta‐analysis, we reviewed observational studies investigating differences in intelligence quotient (IQ) scores of children with unilateral hearing loss compared to children with normal hearing.Data SourcesPubMed Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, PsycINFO.MethodsA query identified all English‐language studies related to pediatric unilateral hearing loss published between January 1980 and December 2014. Titles, abstracts, and articles were reviewed to identify observational studies reporting IQ scores.ResultsThere were 261 unique titles, with 29 articles undergoing full review. Four articles were identified, which included 173 children with unilateral hearing loss and 202 children with normal hearing. Ages ranged from 6 to 18 years. Three studies were conducted in the United States and one in Mexico. All were of high quality. All studies reported full‐scale IQ results; three reported verbal IQ results; and two reported performance IQ results. Children with unilateral hearing loss scored 6.3 points lower on full‐scale IQ, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−9.1, −3.5], P value < 0.001; and 3.8 points lower on performance IQ, 95% CI [−7.3, −0.2], P value 0.04. When investigating verbal IQ, we detected substantial heterogeneity among studies; exclusion of the outlying study resulted in significant difference in verbal IQ of 4 points, 95% CI [−7.5, −0.4], P value 0.028.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests children with unilateral hearing loss have lower full‐scale and performance IQ scores than children with normal hearing. There also may be disparity in verbal IQ scores. Laryngoscope, 126:746–754, 2016
Comparative study on the effects of EGF and bFGF on the healing of human large traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane
Authors: Zhengcai‐Lou  , Zihan‐Lou  , Yongmei‐Tang  
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWe evaluated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the healing of large traumatic tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs).Study DesignProspective clinical study.SettingTertiary university hospital.MethodsA randomized, prospective analysis was performed between June 2013 and August 2014 on the treatment of traumatic TMPs larger than 25% of the TM. Closure rate, closure time, hearing gain, and rate of otorrhea were compared between EGF and bFGF groups, as well as to an observation‐only group.ResultsFinal analysis was performed on 86 patients at 3 months. The closure rates of perforation in the EGF, bFGF, and observation groups were 86.2%, 89.3%, and 72.4%, respectively. The closure rates in the EGF and bFGF groups were 14% to 17% higher than in the observation group, although the difference was not statistically significant for the total closure rate among the three groups (P = 0.200). The average closure time was significantly longer (P < 0.01) in the observation group than in the EGF and bFGF groups. However, the closure times in the EGF and bFGF groups were not significantly different (P = 0.92). In addition, differences in purulent otorrhea rates among the groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.82).ConclusionsBoth EGF and bFGF can accelerate the closure of human large traumatic TMPs. The healing outcomes among the two growth factors were not significantly different.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 126:E23–E28, 2016
Phase relaxed localized excitation pulses for inner volume fast spin echo imaging
Authors: Malik Shaihan J. , Hajnal Joseph V. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeTo design multidimensional spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses for inner volume imaging (IVI) with three‐dimensional (3D) fast spin echo (FSE) sequences. Enhanced background suppression is achieved by exploiting particular signal properties of FSE sequences.Theory and MethodsThe CPMG condition dictates that echo amplitudes will rapidly decrease if a 90° phase difference between excitation and refocusing pulses is not present, and refocusing flip angles are not precisely 180°. This mechanism is proposed as a means for generating additional background suppression for spatially selective excitation, by biasing residual excitation errors toward violating the CPMG condition. 3D RF pulses were designed using this method with a 3D spherical spiral trajectory, under‐sampled by factor 5.6 for an eight‐channel PTx system, at 3 Tesla.Results3D‐FSE IVI with pulse durations of approximately 12 ms was demonstrated in phantoms and for T2‐weighted brain imaging in vivo. Good image quality was obtained, with mean background suppression factors of 103 and 82 ± 6 in phantoms and in vivo, respectively.ConclusionInner Volume Imaging with 3D‐FSE has been demonstrated in vivo with tailored 3D‐RF pulses. The proposed design methods are also applicable to 2D pulses. Magn Reson Med 76:848–861, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine