bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of balance training using touch controller-based fully immersive virtual reality devices on balance and walking ability in patients with stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kwak Ho-Dong , Chung Eunjung , Lee Byoung-Hee 
Published: July 2024

Background:Fully immersive virtual reality (FIVR) removes information from the real world and replaces it with computer-generated data, creating the impression of being in a genuine virtual world.Objective:To evaluate the effects of balance training using touch controller-based FIVR devices on balance and walking abilities in patients with stroke.Methods:The participants were randomly categorized into the FIVR group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). The control group received conventional therapy for 5 sessions, 30 minutes per week, for 5 weeks. The FIVR group practiced additional touch controller-based FIVR balance training for 3 sessions of 30 minutes per week for 5 weeks and changes in balance and walking ability were measured for both groups.Results:Touch controller-based FIVR balance training significantly improved the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and, timed up-and-go (TUG) test results (P < .01). There was also significant improvement in gait abilities, including gait velocity, step length of the affected side, stride length, and single limb support of the affected side (P < .01).Conclusion:Touch controller-based FIVR balance training improved balance and gait in patients with stroke. These results indicate that touch controller-based FIVR balance training is feasible and suitable for patients with stroke, providing a promising avenue for rehabilitation.
Evaluation of the risk factors of metastasis to central cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Parsa Hossein , Haji Maghsoudi Leila , Delghandi Mojtaba 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Papillary thyroid cancer, comprising 80% of thyroid malignancies in iodine-sufficient areas, can be effectively treated if detected early before metastasis. Cervical lymph nodes are a common site of metastasis, prompting some surgeons to suggest prophylactic dissection in all patients. To minimize potential side effects, this study aims to identify patients benefiting from this procedure by assessing risk factors for central lymph node metastasis.

Methods and materials:
This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 150 patients with papillary thyroid cancer. The samples included cases in which central lymph node involvement was ruled out clinically and radiologically. After proving papillary cancer in the pathology sample, the variables of age, sex, frequency of central lymph node involvement, tumor size, location of thyroid involvement, multi-centric involvement, multi-focal involvement, presence of microcalcification, capsular invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and pathology were analyzed. The results were presented with descriptive statistics.

Results:
The percentage of central lymph node involvement in this study was reported as 9.3%. In the analysis, capsular invasion (P=0.01), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.0001) and involvement of the upper thyroid pole (P=0.001) were identified as risk factors for central lymph node involvement. There was no significant relationship between the variables of age, sex, tumor size, pathology, multi-centricity and multifocality and central lymph node involvement.

Conclusion:
Involvement of central lymph nodes in patients with capsular invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and involvement of the upper thyroid bridge is far more common than in other patients, and central lymph node dissection is recommended in patients with several of the above risk factors.
Prompt Engineering for Nurse Educators
Authors: Sun Grace H. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The integration of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT into nursing education marks a transformative advance in personalized learning and interactive engagement.

Problem:
Variability in faculty’s experience with AI outputs highlights the need for well-crafted prompts that align with educational objectives, maximize learning outcomes, and ensure contextual relevance. Effective prompting is a key to eliciting accurate, relevant responses from AI, fostering a dynamic learning environment that bolsters student comprehension of complex topics.

Approach:
This article examines the critical role of prompt engineering in optimizing AI-generated content’s effectiveness within academic settings. With a detailed guide and strategies specifically designed for nursing education, the article prepares faculty to proficiently use generative AI.

Conclusions:
By mastering prompt engineering, educators can leverage AI tools as powerful aids, potentially significantly enhancing teaching effectiveness, work efficiency, and student learning outcomes.
Pharmacodynamic characteristics, safety profile, and interactions of CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in HR+/HER2– advanced/metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Savvidou Antria , Kitiri Stavroula , Zacharia Lefteris , Constantinidou Anastasia , Petrou Christos C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTargeted therapies such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK 4/6i) have improved the prognosis of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (HR+)/(HER2–) advanced/metastatic breast cancer (a/mBC) by combating the resistance observed with traditional endocrine therapy. Currently, palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are the three medicinal products authorized by the European Medicines Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. In addition to their overall similarities, related to their primary molecular mechanism of action through CDK4/6 inhibition, they also exhibit significant pharmacodynamic differences that affect their efficacy and safety profile, which may, through further research, help in understanding predicted toxicity, safety, and interactions and assist in adjusting dosing regimens in daily clinical practice. This review article will examine the pharmacodynamic profile of CDK4/6 inhibitors, their efficacy and safety in the treatment of HR+/HER2– a/mBC.
Use of Machine Perfusion to Increase the Number of Expanded Criteria Deceased Donor Kidney Transplants: A Pharmacoeconomic Analysis
Authors: Tedesco Silva Helio , Ramos Teresa Raquel de Moraes , Carvalho Deise De Boni Monteiro de , Ferreira Gustavo Fernandes , de Andrade João Marcelo Medeiros , de Andrade Luis Gustavo Modelli , Abbud-Filho Mario , Foresto Renato Demarchi , Manfro Roberto Ceratti , Esmeraldo Ronaldo de Matos , Freitas Tainá Veras de Sandes , Garcia Valter Duro , Pestana José Medina , Fonseca Marcelo Cunio Machado 
Published: July 2024

Background.
The discard of expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys is unacceptably high, considering the growing demand for transplantation. Using machine perfusion may reduce the discard rate, increase the number of transplants, and reduce mortality on the waiting list.

Methods.
We developed a 5-y Markov model to simulate incorporating the pulsatile perfusion machine into the current government-funded healthcare system. The model compared the universal use of static cold storage for all kidneys with the selective use of machine perfusion for ECD kidneys. Real-life data were used to compose the cohort characteristics in this model. This pharmacoeconomic analysis aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness and budgetary impact of using machine perfusion to preserve ECD kidneys.

Results.
Compared with the universal use of static cold storage, the use of machine perfusion for ECD kidneys was associated with an increase in the number of kidney transplants (n = 1123), a decrease in the number of patients on the waiting list (n = 815), and decrease in mortality (n = 120), with a cost difference of US dollar 4 486  009 in the period. The budget impact analysis revealed an additional cost of US dollar 4 453 749 >5 y. The budget impact analysis demonstrated a progressive reduction in costs, becoming cost-saving during the last year of the analysis.

Conclusions.
This stochastic model showed that incorporating machine perfusion for ECD kidneys is most often a dominant or cost-effective technology associated with an increase in the number of transplants and a reduction in the number of patients on the waiting list, reducing mortality on the waiting list.
Successful Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Patient With Catatonia and Maternal Duplication 15q11-13 Syndrome
Authors: Homiack Damek R. , Yan Lulu E. , Petry Luke G. , Lloyd Jenifer R. , Najjar Fedra , Cook Edwin H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The 15q11-q13 chromosomal region contains genes encoding for GABA-A receptor subunits and is a known region of epigenetic modification associated with the development of neurodevelopmental disorders. The presence of at least one additional copy of the maternal 15q11-q13 results in a syndrome (maternal dup15q) characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, mood disorders, and epilepsy. Catatonia is a serious syndrome of behavioral and motor dysfunction, which occurs across a variety of psychiatric, neurologic, and general medical conditions, which has successfully been treated with benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy. In this case report, we describe the treatment course of a patient with established maternal dup 15q with comorbid intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar mood disorder, and juvenile epilepsy who developed hypokinetic catatonia refractory to high-dose benzodiazepine therapy. In contrast with benzodiazepine treatment, electroconvulsive therapy resulted in rapid improvement in catatonic symptoms and return to premorbid baseline. This case suggests that electroconvulsive therapy can be safely delivered for some patients with maternal dup 15q and may be rapidly effective when benzodiazepine treatment results in inadequate symptom improvement.
Unravelling a diversity of cellular structures and aggregation dynamics during the early development ofMyxococcus xanthus
Authors: Rivera-Yoshida Natsuko , Arzola Alejandro V. , Benítez Mariana 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAggregation underlies collective dynamics of a diversity of organisms, enabling the formation of complex structures and emergent behaviours in interaction with the environment.Myxococcus xanthus, a social bacterium, is a valuable model for studying aggregation, particularly in the development and evolution of multicellularity. While the collective behaviour ofM. xanthushas been largely studied under very crowded, ideal, conditions, there is a lack of understanding at not crowded or sparse conditions. In this work, we study the early stages of emergent collective behaviour ofM. xanthusunder nutrient-poor and low density conditions, uncovering the formation of diverse cellular structures with different shapes and sizes, ranging from individual cells to networks comprising thousands of cells. We study their motility patterns and their prevalence along development, and argue over their cross-scale role on the population’s exploratory dynamics. This work contributes to understanding key, yet largely understudied, aspects in the early stages of multicellular development in myxobacteria, shedding light on the dynamics underlying aggregative processes in this and other taxa and study systems.
MYBPHLnonsense mutations have poor sarcomere binding, are degraded, and cause abnormal contraction
Authors: Alvarez-Arce Alejandro , Fritzmann Geena E , Burnham Hope V , Araujo Kelly N , Pena Alexandra , Wittenkeller Lucas , Barefield David Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeart function depends on the cardiomyocyte contractile apparatus and proper sarcomere protein expression. Mutations in sarcomere genes cause inherited forms of cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, a novel sarcomere component, myosin binding protein-H like (MyBP-HL) was identified. MyBP-HL is mainly expressed in cardiac atria and shares homology to the last three C-terminal domains of cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). TheMYBPHLR255X mutation has been linked to atrial enlargement, dilated cardiomyopathy, and atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. Similar nonsense mutations inMYBPC3result in no myofilament incorporation and a rapid degradation of the truncated protein and are highly associated with development of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, theMYBPHLR255X mutation occurs too frequently in the human population to be highly pathogenic. We sought to determine whether allMYBPHLnonsense mutations lead to impaired MyBP-HL sarcomere integration and degradation of the mutant protein, or if theMYBPHLR255X mutation has a different consequence. We mimicked humanMYBPHLnonsense mutations in the mouseMybphlcDNA sequence and tested their sarcomere incorporation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We demonstrated that wild type MyBP-HL overexpression showed the expected C-zone sarcomere incorporation, like cMyBP-C. Nonsense mutations showed defective sarcomere incorporation. We demonstrated that wild type MyBP-HL and MyBP-HL nonsense mutations were degraded by both proteasome and calpain mechanisms. Additionally, we observed changes in contraction kinetics and calcium transients in cells transfected with MyBP-HL nonsense mutations compared to MyBP-HL full length. Together, these data support the hypothesis thatMYBPHLnonsense mutations are largely similar.Short summaryPremature stop mutations in myosin binding protein H-like prevent sarcomere incorporation of the translated protein. Overexpression of truncating mutants causes contractile defects in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. These effects occur regardless of the location of the premature stop along the protein.
Kinetic modeling of18F-PI-2620 binding in the brain using an image-derived input function with total-body PET
Authors: Bhattarai Anjan , Holy Emily Nicole , Wang Yiran , Spencer Benjamin A. , Wang Guobao , DeCarli Charles , Fan Audrey P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate quantification of tau binding from18F-PI-2620 PET requires kinetic modeling and an input function. Here, we implemented a non-invasive Image-derived input function (IDIF) derived using the state-of-the-art total-body uEXPLORER PET/CT scanner to quantify tau binding and tracer delivery rate from18F-PI-2620 in the brain. Additionally, we explored the impact of scan duration on the quantification of kinetic parameters. Total-body PET dynamic data from 15 elderly participants were acquired. Time-activity curves from the grey matter regions of interest (ROIs) were fitted to the two-tissue compartmental model (2TCM) using a subject-specific IDIF derived from the descending aorta. ROI-specific kinetic parameters were estimated for different scan durations ranging from 10 to 90 minutes. Logan graphical analysis was also used to estimate the total distribution volume (VT). Differences in kinetic parameters were observed between ROIs, including significant reduction in tracer delivery rate (K1) in the medial temporal lobe. All kinetic parameters remained relatively stable after the 60-minute scan window across all ROIs, with K1showing high stability after 30 minutes of scan duration. Excellent correlation was observed between VTestimated using 2TCM and Logan plot analysis. This study demonstrated the utility of IDIF with total-body PET in investigating18F-PI-2620 kinetics in the brain.
Policies, practices, opportunities, and challenges for TB screening – A survey of sixty National TB Programmes
Authors: Macpherson L , Miller C , Hamada Y , Rangaka MX , Ruhwald M , Falzon D , Kik S.V. , Esmail H 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo meet incidence reduction goals, the Global Plan to End TB 2023-30 emphasises for the first time that detection of subclinical TB is a priority. WHO Systematic Screening guidelines (2021) have stressed the importance of CXR as a screening tool to achieve this including recommending the use of Computer Aided Detection (CAD) technology.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of National TB Programmes who reported >1000 TB cases annually. The questions aligned with 2021 WHO screening guidelines and aimed to understand country’s practices, policies, and challenges when screening for TB disease.ResultsSixty of 123 invited countries responded representing 82% of the global TB burden. Only 66% carried out all 6 WHO-recommended steps to implement screening and 39% collected all 7 of the WHO-recommended datapoints for monitoring activity. Although most countries had a policy for using CXR and increasing CXR-based screening (77% and 68% respectively), 90% reported at least one significant barrier to implementing this and 92% reported at least one barrier to implementing CAD technology.ConclusionMany countries do not carry out all recommended steps for implementation and monitoring of TB screening and although CXR and CAD use are expanding and hold promise as tools to find people with TB, many programmes do not have adequate access to them. While global policy is in place that recommends the use of these tools more efforts should be made to support countries in tackling the barriers that prohibit implementation to make sure that we can close the TB case finding gap.What is already known on this topicSince the publication of the updated WHO TB screening guidelines there are limited published data on how countries carry out screening for TB disease and what the perceived challenges are for implementing screening from a country perspective.What this study addsThis study provides data on current and planned screening practices and policies within countries as well as the common challenges being faced to implement screening effectively.How this study might affect research, practice, or policyThis information will help developers, policymakers, funding agencies, and academics to better plan and support the roll-out of appropriate screening interventions.
Predicting Autism Spectrum Disorder: Transformer-Based Deep Learning Ensemble Framework Using Health Administrative & Birth Registry Data
Authors: Dick Kevin , Kaczmarek Emily , Ducharme Robin , Bowie Alexa C. , Dingwall-Harvey Alysha L.J. , Howley Heather , Hawken Steven , Walker Mark C. , Armour Christine M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis and access to resources, support and therapy are critical for improving long-term outcomes for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is typically detected using a case-finding approach based on symptoms and family history, resulting in many delayed or missed diagnoses. While population-based screening would be ideal for early identification, available screening tools have limited accuracy. This study aims to determine whether machine learning models applied to health administrative and birth registry data can identify young children (aged 18 months to 5 years) who are at increased likelihood of developing ASD.MethodsWe assembled the study cohort using individually linked maternal-newborn data from the Better Outcomes Registry and Network (BORN) Ontario database. The cohort included all live births in Ontario, Canada between April 1st, 2006, and March 31st, 2018, linked to datasets from Newborn Screening Ontario (NSO), Prenatal Screening Ontario (PSO), and Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) (Discharge Abstract Database (DAD) and National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS)). The NSO and PSO datasets provided screening biomarker values and outcomes, while DAD and NACRS contained diagnosis codes and intervention codes for mothers and offspring. Extreme Gradient Boosting models and large-scale ensembled Transformer deep learning models were developed to predict ASD diagnosis between 18 and 60 months of age. Leveraging explainable artificial intelligence methods, we determined the impactful factors that contribute to increased likelihood of ASD at both an individual- and population-level.ResultsThe final study cohort included 703,894 mother-offspring pairs, with 10,964 identified cases of ASD. The best-performing ensemble of Transformer models achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 69.6% for predicting ASD diagnosis, a sensitivity of 70.9%, a specificity of 56.9%. We determine that our model can be used to identify an enriched pool of children with the greatest likelihood of developing ASD, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach.ConclusionsThis study highlights the feasibility of employing machine learning models and routinely collected health data to systematically identify young children at high likelihood of developing ASD. Ensemble transformer models applied to health administrative and birth registry data offer a promising avenue for universal ASD screening. Such early detection enables targeted and formal assessment for timely diagnosis and early access to resources, support, or therapy.
Cardi-Ankle Vascular Index Optimizes Ischemic Heart disease Diagnosis
Authors: Marzoog Basheer Abdullah , Gognieva Daria , Chomakhidze Peter , Kopylov Philipp 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) has the highest mortality rate in the globe in between the other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This returns to the poor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies including the primary prevention techniques.AimsTo assess the changes in the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) in patients with vs without IHD confirmed by stress computed tomography myocardial perfusion (CTP) imaging with vasodilatation stress-test (Adenosine triphosphate).ObjectivesIHD often has preventable risk factors and causes that lead to the appearance of the disease. However, the lack of appropriate diagnostic and prevention tools remains a global challenge in or era despite current scientific advances.Material and methodsA single center observational study included 80 participants from Moscow. The participants aged ≥ 40 years and given a written consent to participate in the study. Both groups, G1=31 with vs. G2 = 49 without post stress induced myocardial perfusion defect, received cardiologist’s consultation, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and pulse rate, echocardiography, CAVI and performing bicycle ergometry. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test independent by groups and dependent by numerical variables for repeated analysis for the same patients, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multivariate ANOVA test, and for clarification purposes, diagrams and bar figures were used. For performing the statistical analysis, used the Statistica 12 programme (StatSoft, Inc. (2014). STATISTICA (data analysis software system), version 12.www.statsoft.com.) and the IBM SPSS Statistics, version 28.0.1.1 (14).ResultsThe mean age of the participants 56.28, standard deviation (Std.Dev. ± 10.601). Mean CAVI in the IHD group 8.509677 (Std.Dev. ± 0.975057208) vs 7.994898 (Std.Dev. ± 1.48990509) in the non-IHD group. The mean estimated biological age of the arteries according to the results of the CAVI in the first group 61.2258 years vs 53.5102 years in the second group. The Mean brachial-ankle pulse (Tba) in the IHD group 82.0968 vs 89.0102 in the second group. The mean heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV; m/s) in the IHD group was 0.9533 vs 0.8860 in the second group. Regression analysis demonstrated that the dependent variable, the CAVI parameter, have no significant effect on the development of stress-induced myocardial perfusion defect, regression coefficient 95.316, p>0.05. The CAVI showed 64 % diagnostic accuracy for the IHD.ConclusionThe CAVI parameter showed no statistical difference between the participants with IHD vs without. The CAVI parameter can be used as an axillary method for improving the diagnosis of IHD.OtherAdditional indicators associated with IHD include the Tba and haPWV parameters, higher in patients with IHD.Graphical abstract