bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2850 – Outcomes of 11509 Assessments for Possible Detention Under the Mental Health Act in Norfolk, United Kingdom 2001–2011
Authors: Beezhold J. , Pandey A. , Pandey S. , Parker J. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Compulsory admission to psychiatric hospital in the United Kingdom (UK) is governed by the Mental Health Act (MHA). There have been concerns that the application of this legislation may be discriminatory, and that there is a trend towards increasing use of coercion.Aims and objectives:To evaluate data on MHA assessments in order to determine overall outcomes; and whether there is evidence for a difference in outcomes based on variables such as age, gender, or ethnic group.Methods:A database including around 99% of all such assessments was compiled from information recorded routinely at the time of the assessments by senior social workers who lead the assessments. This was analysed using SPSS statistical software.Results:There were clear statistical correlations with a number of variables including marital status, living alone and age. There was a slight but significant bias towards using shorter detention periods of up to 28 days for women, rather than longer up to six-month periods. However, despite this there was no overall evidence of gender bias.Conclusion:This is the largest such study in the published literature and provides clear evidence of outcomes and trends in the use of coercive powers under the Mental Health Act in Norfolk, United Kingdom.
2852 – Comparative Analysis of Diagnosing of Delirium in Elderly Inpatients of General Hospital
Authors: Merkin A. , Borisov I. , Shushkevitch A. , Cheremushkin E. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Confusional state is a common disorder in geriatric inpatients in general hospital. The diagnosis of this disease in the elderly is especially difficult due to imprecision of clinical. It is a hard challenge both to specialists non psychiatrists and even psychiatrists. Delirium often is misdiagnosed in 30–50% inpatients and on admission.Aim:To compare the rate of misdiagnosis of delirium in the elderly by a psychiatrist and general medical personnel.Methods:Interview of physicians and nurses of the general medicine and traumatology units to identify inpatients 65 years old and older with delirium diagnosed by the respondents. Subsequent screening of all the inpatients of 65 years old and older by a psychiatrist for delirium detecting.Results:The rate of delirium misdiagnosis in the traumatology unit was 28.6%. Overdiagnosis of delirium in the general medicine unit was 22.2%. Incorrect diagnoses of delirium by specialist psychiatrist was 8.7%.Conclusions:Satisfactory results of diagnosis of delirium provided by specialist psychiatrist are caused by combination of clinical assessment of anamnesis and present state by skilled psychiatrical survey and usage of standard psychometric scales. The results of diagnosis by specialists non-psychiatrists primarily are caused by their insufficient in-depth knowledge in delirium. It confirms high demand in comprehensible and rational diagnostic schemas for general medical staff, for providing basic psychiatry knowledge for them and more active usage of standard psychometric scales by specialists non-psychiatrists and especially nurses to improve their recognition of mental disorders.
2853 – Arachnoid Cyst and Psychosis: A Case Report
Authors: Cargaleiro I. , Oliveira-Maia A. , Duarte P. , Barahona-Corrêa B. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are intra-arachnoidal space occupying lesions, typically of a benign and congenital nature. They reportedly occur in more than 1% of the population, and are usually considered incidental when found in people with psychiatric symptoms. However, some authors argue for a putative causal relationship, based mainly on reports of improvement of a co-existing mental condition after surgical decompression of a cyst.Objectives:We describe a patient with schizophrenia-like psychosis and a temporal AC.Aims:We will argue for the possibility of an association between the AC and psychotic symptoms.Methods:We used a multidisciplinary approach to the patient, with emphasis given to diagnosis and treatment. We also reviewed the literature on the association between AC and psychosis.Results:We describe a 46-year-old woman with schizophrenia-like psychotic symptoms and visual hallucinations, refractory to antipsychotic treatment (including clozapine). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a volumous AC with mass effect on temporal parenchyma. The patient was considered eligible for possible removal of the cyst, but refused to consult with a neurosurgeon.Conclusions:The meaning of ACs found in patients with psychosis remains controversial. in our case, the lesion's volume and mass effect, the involvement of a region with a central role in the pathophysiology of psychosis, and the refractoriness to clozapine treatment, all argue for a causal role in the patient's psychosis. Surgical decompression might have improved the patient's outcome. Yet, the lack of a solid evidence-base made it ethically unacceptable to advocate for this option in a reluctant patient.
2855 – Evaluating the Headucate Educational Intervention to Raise Mental Health Awareness Among School Children in the Uk
Authors: Parker S. , Robertson C. , Allen N. , Beezhold J. , Bhutto A. , Laverack R. , Parry L. , Piper L. , Smith R. , Wade T. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:The symptoms of many mental illnesses often begin during high school. Interventions to improve mental health awareness amongst adolescents may lead to improved outcomes. in the UK unfortunately many schools do not fulfil this need and mental health education is not a compulsory part of the curriculum.Aim:To develop and measure the effectiveness of and educational intervention designed to raise awareness and empower adolescents to recognise signs of poor mental health and access services appropriately.Objectives:Evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention through baseline and follow up surveys.Methods:Students at Norwich Medical School collaborated with teachers, psychiatrists and general practitioners to design an educational intervention that aims to tackle stigma and raise awareness of mental health conditions among 13-14 year olds in the hope that they can access services when needed, support those around them and look after their mental health. To evaluate effectiveness of the intervention, a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey that utilises a social distance scale that has been adapted for this age group and will be used to gather baseline and follow up data after six months.Results:We have developed a one-hour educational intervention delivered by medical students, that uses a variety of teaching techniques to raise awareness of mental health issues. We will start implementation in January 2013 so will have baseline effectiveness results shortly after.Conclusions:Headucate has the potential to fill an important gap in effectively raising awareness of mental health issues in schools.
2857 – Alexithymia in Patients with Schizophrenia and in Patients with Asthma
Authors: Abdelghaffar W. , Rafrafi R. , Lakhal H. , Ouanes S. , Jomli R. , Nacef F. , Hechmi Z. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is still unclear. Genetic, biological and environmental factors are thought to intervene. It is known that schizophrenia is characterized by a difficulty to express one's feelings and identify other persons’ feelings (theory of mind) and so does alexithymia which is a psychosomatic concept.Objectives:To compared patients with schizophrenia with patients presenting a disease that is classically considered as a psycho-somatic disease: asthma.Methods:Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia (group S) and thirty nine sex and age matched patients with asthma (group A) were assessed by the same psychiatrist using the 20 items-Toronto Alexithymia Scale validated in Arabic.Results:The mean alexithymia score in group A was 70, 45 versus 68,44 in group S, with no statistically significant difference.The prevalence of moderate alexithymia (score superior to 60) was 22, 6% in group A and 37, 5% in group S, with no statistically significant difference.The prevalence of severe alexithymia (score superior to 70) was 57% in group A and 26% in group S. Difference was statistically significant (p = 0,003).Conclusion:This study showed that severe alexithymia was significantly higher in patients with asthma compared to patients with schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the high prevalence of moderate alexithymia in patients with schizophrenia shows that alexithymia should be taken into account when treating a patient with schizophrenia, and a psychotherapy addressing this issue would be helpful.
2860 – Reappraisal Mediates the Link Between 5-HTTLPR and Social Anxiety Symptoms
Authors: Miu A.C. , Vulturar R. , Chis A. 
Published: July 2013

Mounting evidence suggests that social anxiety symptoms are related to(1)polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene promoter region (5-HTTLPR) and(2)reduced use of adaptive forms of emotion regulation such as reappraisal.It is not known, however, whether reappraisal mediates the link between 5-HTTLPR and social anxiety. Participants to this study were unselected community volunteers, all Caucasians from a circumscribed geographical area. They were genetically tested for 5-HTTLPR status, and self-report measures of social anxiety symptoms and reappraisal use were obtained. The results indicated that participants with one or two low-expressing alleles displayed increased social anxiety symptoms and reduced levels of cognitive reappraisal. Cognitive reappraisal significantly mediated the influence of 5-HTTLPR on social anxiety symptoms, and this effect was evident on two different measures of reappraisal. Therefore, this study shows that cognitive reappraisal is a major intermediate phenotype of the social anxiety spectrum. Our correlational results suggest that individuals with low-expressing 5-HTTLPR genotypes may benefit the most from cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy because they do not appear to engage as frequently as others in reappraisal.
2862 – Reason for Psychiatric Consultation in the Elderly
Authors: Ennaoui R. , Jomli R. , Ouertani A. , Zgueb Y. , Nacef F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Aging is a natural and inevitable process leading organizations live to change over time after the phase of maturity. His progress is highly variable from one individual to another. So that the old population is very heterogeneous. But this heterogeneity is also and especially due to the very high frequency and diversity of chronic diseases in this population.Objectives:The aim of our study was to evaluate the different patterns of psychiatric consultations in the elderly.Patients and methods:This is a retrospective study conducted in the outpatient hospital razi, involving 90 patients aged consultant during 2011.Results:In total, 90 cases were recorded. The average age of patients was 77.5 years.The sex ratio (M / F) was 1.04. The majority of consultants had an iron status of married (51.1%) and widowed (41.1%). 77.8% of patients were illiterate. 63% of patients were retired and 49% of cases were low socioeconomic level. Personal psychiatric histories were found in 12% of consultants. The two reasons for consultation were the most common symptoms of depression (sleep problems, headaches, food refusal, sad mood, psychomotor retardation, somatic complaints) and behavioral disorders with 50 and 42.2% of cases.Conclusions:The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is important in the elderly because half of those over age 65 suffer from a psychiatric disorder.
2871 – Capgras Syndrome and Mignon Delusion - Delusional Misidentification Syndromes
Authors: Juretić Pešćica M. , Knez R. , Pavešić Radonja A. 
Published: July 2013

Introdaction:Delusional misidentification syndromes are specific groups of psychopathological symptoms. in rare cases, can occur independently but are often part of the other psychopathology in psychiatric disorders of organic or endogenous origin. Capgras syndrome indicates that the patient misrecognizes close relative, claims to have acquaintances replaced with someone who look-alike, that someone has entered the body of their relative and therefore he/she only physically resembles. in Mignon delusion patient believes that parents were not his/hers, but that real parents are from noble origin.Objective:To show the course of the disease and the clinical manifestation in schizophrenic patient, who during several annual treatment developed symptoms of Capgras syndrome and Mignon delusion.Method:72 year old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to deterioration of mental state.On admission in mental status dominated: accelerated opinion in form and in content with plenty paranoid ideas she also said: This is not my husband. Sometimes I know that this man wears a mask, so he looks like him, but my husband is not here he is in the U.S. Insight into previous medical records,showed that in the previous hospitalization she amounted symptoms of Mignon delusion and was saying that her parents were not hers and that she is a descendant of a noble family. It is Significant that those symptoms were followed after minor head injury.Conclusion:Dynamics of changes in symptoms indicates the importance of further processing in order to determine whether these symptoms were result of underlying disease or may be caused by an organic lesion that is very often in the same substrate.
2879 – Adaptation of a Disaster Mental Health Preparedness Training Model for Black Communities in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Laborde D.J. , Magruder K. 
Published: July 2013

Providing timely and accessible mental health services in the immediate aftermath of disasters remains a major challenge in under-resourced minority communities. We postulated that in black communities, successful strategies would require training both clinical providers and community leaders to collaboratively plan for and deliver culturally responsive disaster mental health services. We aimed to: 1) adapt an evidence-based, disaster mental health training model for black community leaders and clinical providers in under-resourced areas at risk of natural disasters, and 2) evaluate a train-the-trainer (TTT) model for building culturally-appropriate local mental health response capacity. We developed a core curriculum package based on a training needs assessment and resource review and then culturally tailored audience-specific workshop materials after pilot testing in eastern North Carolina.Pilot test participants included 13 community leaders and 10 clinical provider attending workshops facilitated by 3 mental health professionals. Evaluations indicated the workshop components were culturally relevant and post-test knowledge scores were generally higher among clinical providers. Process evaluation results have led to expanded content, a community planning session at 3 months, a refresher skills-building workshop at 6 months, training of trainers in facilitation skills, and tailoring of exercises to specific subpopulations. Field-testing with repeated outcome evaluation is underway in 8 culturally distinct coastal Carolina communities.Local relevance is critical to training acceptability and recruitment requires significant input from local community stakeholders. Evaluation of collaborative community engagement efforts and outcome evaluation will allow us to determine if this model is scalable and effective for under-resourced black community settings.
2880 – Sensory-Motor Coordination and Procedural Memory in HIV- and HIV+ Opioid Addicts
Authors: Walecki P. , Lasoń W. , Gorzelańczyk E.J. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Various psychomotor dysfunctions are observed in opioid addicts and HIV- and HIV+ persons. Finding markers and methods for accurately determining the psychomotor functioning has practical importance in the diagnosis, monitoring and modification of treatment.Objectives:The aim of the study is to evaluate the sensory-motor coordination, procedural memory and motor learning in HIV- and HIV+ opioid addicts during methadone maintenance treatment.Methods:28 HIV- (19 men and 9 women) and 39 HIV+ (23 men and 16 women) addicts treated with opioid replacement therapy (ORT) were examined. The mean age of participants: 40.1 years HIV-, 38.4 years HIV+, the mean daily dose of methadone: 69.82 ml HIV-, 69.95 ml HIV+, the average duration of addiction: 23.2 years HIV -, 20.4 years HIV+. To evaluate the hand-eye coordination and motor learning Pursuit Rotor Task (PRT) was used.Results:It was found that HIV+ addicts are more than 25% lower psychomotor performance for hand-eye coordination as compared to HIV- addicts and 50% lower efficiency compared to healthy ones. in HIV+ addicts compared to the HIV- addicts and the healthy ones were more tremor with high amplitude and low frequency and less tremor with small amplitude and high frequency.Conclusions:The HIV+ opioid addicts have worse motor coordination compared to HIV- addicts and healthy ones but no impairment of motor learning.
2889 – Speech Intelligibility and Sound Frequency Discrimination in Opioid Addicts
Authors: Gorzelańczyk E.J. , Sęk A. , Wicher A. , Ziółkowski M. , Walecki P. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives:The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the use of opioid drugs and speech intelligibility and discrimination of sound frequencies.Methods:44 opioid addicts (10 women and 34 men) during methadone maintenance treatment were examined. The mean age of participants 33 ± 9 years; the average duration of addiction: 12 years. The Polish Sentence Test (PTZ) for speech intelligibility measurements was used. The test consists of the presentation of 26 sentences, which were disrupted by the babble-noise. in the study of frequency discrimination experimental method is used. Two signals of different frequencies were presented. The task of the study is to identify the frequency-modulated stimulus (target). The study was conducted in a soundproof booth. The Psychoacoustics and Speech Workstations by Tucker Davis Technologies was used.Results:The difference in speech intelligibility and frequency discrimination between opioid addicts and healthy ones was found. The average value of the intensity of speech sounds in noise (Signal-to-Noise Ratio - SNR) in opioid addicts was -3.7 dB and in healthy ones was -5.6 dB. There was no correlation between the duration of addiction and the speech intelligibility in noise or frequency discrimination.Conclusion:The influence of taking opioids for speech intelligibility and frequency discrimination was found.
2890 – Speech Understanding and Logatom Intelligibility in Alcohol Addicts During Detoxification in Hospital
Authors: Gorzelańczyk E.J. , Sęk A. , Wicher A. , Ziółkowski M. , Walecki P. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives:The aim of research is to assess a speech perception in alcohol addicts and healthy ones.Methods:65 alcohol addicts (mean age 38 years, min. 22, max. 66 years) were examined. Patients admitted hearing impaired were excluded. The average duration of addiction: 8.8 years. The measure of speech understanding is the ratio of correctly received phonetic elements to the total number of presented ones. Speech understanding is often determined in the presence of masking noise. Respondents are to arrangement of sentences with words heard in the noise. The test determines the intensity of speech, for which - if it is presented in the noise - observed in 50% of correct answers. This parameter is called the Threshold Reception Speech (SRT). The logatom intelligibility test consists with over 150 presented stimuli. Both tests were conducted in a soundproof boothResults:In the speech understanding test were found significant difference of average SRT between alcohol addict and healthy ones. The better understanding of speech was found in healthy individuals. in a study conducted in the final phase of detoxification treatment, it was found that the level of speech understanding in addicts was improved (statistically significant). in the logatom intelligibility test wasn’t differences.Conclusions:It was found that alcohol dependence is associated with worse perception of speech.
2911 – Workshop of Words, Sounds and Music
Authors: Papagni S.A. , Puglisi R. , Grosso A. , De Matteis A. , De Giorgi S. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Based on the assumptions of Group Analysis theorized by Burrow and Foulkes, in the Center for Mental Health of Casarano (Department of Mental Health of Lecce, Italy), it has been experienced the “Workshop of words, sounds and music”, with the aim to develop and empower the skills of the participants promoting the functional re-inclusion in the context of normal life.Methods:The work group has provided weekly meetings and involved 12 schizophrenic patients followed by the Mental Health Center of Casarano. It was stimulated the writing of songs first by lyrics and then by melody starting from individual and group introspective thoughts.Results:Several songs have been created by the participants and it was released a CD in the recording studio.Conclusions:It was possible to develop creative moments in which they could be expressed deep emotions that dwell in the individual lives of the protagonists stimulating at the same time socialization as an intrinsic part of the therapeutic process. This allowed the metaphorical language of the unconscious could be communicated to the conscious, resulting in a curative effect on psychosis. in this way, the pent-up energy from the disease has been usefully channeled in a group setting where each component has expressed a new access to mental regenerative sources.
2913 – Character Traits of Heavy Smoking Adolescents
Authors: Speranskaya O.I. , Smirnov V. , Bogdanov K. , Larina I. , Tretiokova I. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives:The aim of the study was to disclose the meaning of both clinico-psychopathological and character traits of smoking adolescents in organizing special antinicotine programs.Methods:85 adolescents, middle age 16,1, regular smoking period more, then 1 year. All the adolescents had special clinical signs of tobacco dependence (TD): easy-going adaptation to nicotine intoxication; fast growth of smoking intensity, 1 cigarette per day; the craving for tobacco symptoms (impossibility to control the mental ideas of smoking, somato-vegetative disturbances, high level of irritation, attention deficit). The character traits of heavy smoking adolescents were complicated (according DSM-IV) and included schizo-hysteric, schizo-epileptoid originCharacter traits were strongly associated with intensity of ideatory symptoms of TD and irritation level.Conclusion:Heavy smoking adolescents need special therapy including both personality and TD approaches - bio-feed-back, psychotherapy.
2929 – The Prevalence of Alcohol Drinking Behavior in Public Universities: A Case of Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegn T.A. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Alcohol drinking behavior is increased in alarming rate in public universities of Ethiopia. However, their prevalence is not well described. This study was conducted to describe the prevalence of alcohol drinking behavior in public universities of Ethiopia.Methods:A probabilistic sample of 861students was selected and interview edusing the CAGE questionnaire regarding their alcohol drinking behavior.Results:Eighty-one per cent of the respondents admitted that they currently drank alcohol. The prevalence of alcohol drinking was 19.4% for females and 47% for men. Among those who drank, 24.6% met the criterion for problem drinking as defined by two or more positive responses to the CAGE. The overall prevalence for problem drinking was found to be 5.5%.Conclusion:The prevalence of alcohol drinking behavior in Public Universities of Ethiopia is high.