bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of complexation and competition in the biouptake of europium by a unicellular alga
Authors: Yang Guang , Tan Qiao-Guo , Zhu Lin , Wilkinson Kevin J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Short-term (60 min) europium (Eu) biouptake fluxes by the freshwater green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were investigated in the presence and absence of ligands (e.g., malic acid and citric acid) and a second rare earth metal, samarium (Sm). Data were interpreted in the context of the biotic ligand model, which uses experimentally determined stability constants to take into account the competition and complexation of the metal of interest. In the absence of ligands or competitors, Eu biouptake was well described by a Michaelis-Menten equation with the maximal uptake flux (Jmax) and Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of Jmax = 1.7 × 10−14 mol cm−2 s−1 and Km = 10−7.0 M (corresponding to an affinity constant of 107.0 M−1). Biouptake of Eu (or Sm) decreased as the concentration of a competing rare earth element (i.e., Sm or Eu) increased, as predicted by the biotic ligand model. On the other hand, when hydrophilic complexes were formed with citric and malic acid, Eu biouptake was much greater than predicted on the basis of free ion concentrations alone. Overall, the results showed that for C. reinhardtii the rare earth elements were likely to share a common biouptake pathway; biouptake of one rare earth element was reduced when another was present, and rare earth element complexes were bioavailable. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2609–2615. © 2014 SETAC
Variation in amphibian response to two formulations of glyphosate-based herbicides
Authors: Edge Christopher , Gahl Meghan , Thompson Dean , Hao Chunyan , Houlahan Jeff 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Variation in toxicity among formulations and species makes it difficult to extrapolate results to all species and all formulations of herbicides. The authors exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) from 4 populations to 2 glyphosate-based herbicides, Roundup Weed and Grass Control® and Roundup WeatherMax®. The 96-h median lethal concentration values for both formulations varied among the populations (Roundup Weed and Grass Control, 0.14 mg acid equivalents (a.e.)/L to 1.10 mg a.e./L; Roundup WeatherMax, 4.94 mg a.e./L to 8.26 mg a.e./L), demonstrating that toxicity varies among the formulations and that susceptibility may differ among populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2628–2632. © 2014 SETAC
Development of a fluoride chronic effects benchmark for aquatic life in freshwater
Authors: McPherson Cathy A. , Lee Danny H.Y. , Chapman Peter M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Canada has an interim water-quality guideline for fluoride for protection of freshwater aquatic life that dates from 2002, and 1 Canadian province has a different interim water-quality guideline for fluoride that dates to 1995. The United States does not have a national benchmark for fluoride in freshwater, and only 1 US state has such a benchmark. There are no other national or regional benchmarks for fluoride chronic toxicity in freshwater. In the present study, available data on the acute and chronic toxicity of fluoride to freshwater aquatic life were compiled and reviewed. Acute toxicity was reported to occur at concentrations ranging from 11.5 to &gt;800 mg/L fluoride (F−). The majority of chronic effects occur at concentrations between 1.8 mg/L and 195 mg/L. A total of 10 chronic studies representing 16 species (5 fish, 7 invertebrates, and 4 algae/aquatic plants) were used to derive a chronic effects benchmark of 1.94 mg/L F−, applying the species sensitivity distribution approach. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2621–2627. © 2014 SETAC
Role of sediments in modifying the toxicity of two Roundup formulations to six species of larval anurans
Authors: Fuentes Latice , Moore Lindsay J. , Rodgers John H. , Bowerman William W. , Yarrow Gregory K. , Chao Wayne Y. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe role of sediment in modifying the toxicity of the original formulation of Roundup® and Roundup WeatherMAX® was examined in aqueous laboratory tests. Six species of anurans (Bufo fowleri, Hyla chrysoscelis, Rana catesbeiana, Rana clamitans, Rana sphenocephala, and Rana pipiens) were exposed at Gosner stage 25 to concentrations of the 2 herbicide formulations in 96‐h, static, nonrenewal experiments in the presence and absence of sediment. All species tested had lower median lethal concentration values in water‐only exposures of both formulations compared with exposures with sediment. Sediment significantly altered the potency slopes in all tests with the exceptions of H. chrysoscelis and R. clamitans when exposed to the original formulation of Roundup and H. chrysoscelis and R. sphenocephala when exposed to Roundup WeatherMAX. Thresholds were significantly different in all tests, including those in which potency slopes did not differ. Based on water–sediment exposures of the original formulation of Roundup, all 6 species tested had a margin of safety when compared with the predicted environmental concentration of the highest label application rate. Of the 6 species, 5 had a margin of safety when exposed to Roundup WeatherMAX. During incidental exposures in the field, sediments and organic matter present in aquatic systems provide significant sources of environmental ligands. If used according to label instructions, both herbicides should pose minimal risk to anuran amphibians in actual field applications. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2616–2620. © 2014 SETAC
Study of Carbon Deposition Behavior on Cu–Co/CeO2–YSZ Anodes for Direct Butane Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Kaur G. , Basu S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractElectro‐catalytic activity of Cu–Co/CeO2–YSZ anodes towards oxidation of H2 and n‐C4H10 fuels and carbon depositions are investigated using different Cu–Co loadings. Cu–Co/CeO2–YSZ anode based SOFCs with YSZ as electrolyte and LSM/YSZ as cathode were prepared by tape casting and wet impregnation methods and performance was analyzed using I–V characteristics and impedance spectroscopy. The Cu–Co/CeO2–YSZ anodes with Cu–Co loading of 10, 15, and 25 wt.% produced power density of 60, 197, and 400 mW cm–2 in H2 and 190, 225, and 275 mW cm–2 in n‐C4H10 at 800 °C. The power density is increased with the increase in Cu–Co loading in Cu–Co/CeO2–YSZ anodes. The electrochemical impedance spectra shows less ohmic and polarization resistance for 25 wt.% Cu–Co loading in comparison to 10 and 15 wt.% Cu–Co. Scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that the carbon fibers formed are hollow in nature with 70 nm size, whereas, thermal gravimetric analysis and X‐ray diffraction points out that they are amorphous in nature. The performance degradation of Cu–Co/CeO2–YSZ anodes in n‐C4H10 in 16 h is attributed to increasing amount of carbon deposition with time, which is contrary to our earlier observation in Cu‐Fe/CeO2–YSZ anode.
Hydrogeological characterization of groundwater storage and drainage in an alpine karst aquifer (the Kanin massif, Julian Alps)
Authors: Turk Janez , Malard Arnauld , Jeannin Pierre‐Yves , Petrič Metka , Gabrovšek Franci , Ravbar Nataša , Vouillamoz Jonathan , Slabe Tadej , Sordet Valentin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Kanin massif is an important trans‐boundary aquifer, which stretches between Slovenia and Italy. The groundwater is only partially exploited, mainly for water supply, but the aquifer exhibits great potential for future exploitation. Since no consistent regional overview of the hydrogeological functioning of the Kanin massif was available, the decision was made to perform a study of this area, using a pragmatic approach based on 3D geological and hydrogeological modelling. The so‐called KARSYS approach was applied, with the aim of characterizing the groundwater reserves within this karst massif and of locating the main drainage axes that carry groundwater from the recharge areas to the respective springs. Delineation of the catchment areas of the corresponding springs was carried out, and some new explanations were obtained, especially with regard to the Možnica spring, which is located in Slovenia and forms a potential source of drinking water. It was found that this spring's catchment area extends as far as the Italian ski resort of Sella Nevea. The conceptual model also provides a possible explanation about the underground drainage towards the Boka spring and waterfall, which has been a challenge for decades. This new explanation is based on the existence of a perched groundwater body that feeds the Boka spring via a system of conduits. Despite some limitations, the results, which consist of a visualization of the underground drainage and groundwater storage within the Kanin massif, can be used as a basis for planning the sustainable management of karst waters in the studied area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a parsimonious rainfall–run‐off model for predicting hydrological response in ungauged basins
Authors: Skaugen Thomas , Peerebom Ivar Olaf , Nilsson Anna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new parameter parsimonious rainfall–run‐off model, the Distance Distribution Dynamics (DDD) model, is used to simulate hydrological time series at ungauged sites in the Lygne basin in Norway. The model parameters were estimated as functions of catchment characteristics determined by geographical information system. The multiple regression equations relating catchment characteristics and model parameters were trained from 84 calibrated catchments located all over Norway, and all model parameters showed significant correlations with catchment characteristics. The significant correlation coefficients (with p‐value < 0.05) ranged from 0.22 to 0.55. The suitability of DDD for predictions in ungauged basins was tested for 17 catchments not used to estimate the multiple regression equations. For ten of the 17 catchments, deviations in Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) criteria between the calibrated and regionalised model were less than 0.1, and for two calibrated catchments within the Lygne basin, the deviations were less than 0.08. The median NSE for the regionalized DDD for the 17 catchments for two time series was 0.66 and 0.72. Deviations in NSE between calibrated and regionalised models are well explained by the deviations between calibrated and regressed parameters describing spatial snow distribution and snowmelt respectively. The quality of the simulated run‐off series for the ungauged sites in the Lygne basin was assessed by comparing flow indices describing high, medium and low flow estimated from observed run‐off at the 17 catchments and for the simulated run‐off series. The indices estimated for the simulated series were generally well within the ranges defined by the 17 observed series. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Rho small GTPases in meniscus cells
Authors: Kanazawa Tomoko , Furumatsu Takayuki , Matsumoto‐Ogawa Emi , Maehara Ami , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe previously reported that mechanical stretch regulates Sry‐type HMG box (SOX) 9‐dependentα1(II) collagen(COL2A1) expression in inner meniscus cells. This study examined the role of the small Rho guanosine 5' triphosphatase Rac1 and Rho‐associated kinase (ROCK) in the regulation of stretch‐inducedSOX9gene expression in cultured human inner meniscus cells.COL2A1andSOX9gene expression was assessed by real‐time PCR after application of uni‐axial cyclic tensile strain (CTS) in the presence or absence of ROCK and Rac1 inhibitors. The subcellular localization of SOX9 and the Rac1 effector cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB), the phosphorylation state of SOX9, Rac1 activation, and the binding of CREB to theSOX9promoter were assessed. CTS increased the expression ofCOL2A1andSOX9, which was suppressed by inhibition of Rac1. ROCK inhibition enhancedCOL2A1andSOX9gene expression in the absence of CTS. CTS stimulated the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of SOX9, and increased Rac1 activation. CTS also increased the binding of CREB to theSOX9promoter. The results suggest that mechanical stretch‐dependent upregulation ofSOX9by CREB in inner meniscus cells depends on the antagonistic activities of ROCK and Rac1. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:1479–1486, 2014.
Self‐Determination Theory and Word of Mouth about Energy‐Saving Behaviors: An Online Experiment
Authors: Sweeney Jillian C. , Webb Dave , Mazzarol Tim , Soutar Geoffrey N. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe growing community concern for the environment, and rising energy costs to consumers, has led many power utility companies to adopt strategies aimed at reducing energy consumption in the home and workplace. These strategies have typically been based on extrinsically regulated pricing mechanisms. Although more intrinsically driven interventions have been examined, they are often complex and expensive to implement due in part to the high level of human interaction involved. This two‐part study suggests simpler more cost‐efficient alternatives to enhancing energy saving. It does this via two separate but related studies that examined the application of self‐determination theory (SDT) and word of mouth (WOM) within online communities. The findings suggest a significant increase in reported energy‐saving behaviors over time supporting the role of SDT. There was also evidence that positive WOM increases satisfaction of the three psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, further enhancing energy‐saving behavior. These findings have important implications for marketers in terms of behavior change.
Exploring Postconsumption Guilt and Pride in the Context of Sustainability
Authors: Antonetti Paolo , Maklan Stan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis research explores the feelings of guilt and pride experienced by consumers after a purchase decision that involves issues of environmental and social sustainability. Through a multi‐method design, the authors examine key dimensions that influence the process of emotional appraisal, illustrate the characteristics of appraisals of guilt/pride and investigate the consequences that emotions have on future choices. In this exploratory research, when a purchase decision includes an ethical dilemma, consumers were found to express guilt or pride even when the purchase is not intentional, i.e. forced by circumstances. Moreover, the study explores how emotions experienced after decisions may have a positive influence on the future purchase of sustainable alternatives. Finally, the paper proposes a new model that describes the process of emotional appraisal and reports on a number of dimensions that were found to lead to guilt and pride. The insights presented extend knowledge of two key consumer emotions and present important implications for practitioners promoting ethical products.
Superstars as Drivers of Organizational Identification: Empirical Findings from Professional Soccer
Authors: Hoegele Daniel , Schmidt Sascha L. , Torgler Benno 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effect of superstars on external stakeholders’ organizational identification through the lens of sport. Drawing on social identity theory and the concept of organizational identification, as well as on role model theories and superstar economics, several hypotheses are developed regarding the influence of soccer stars on their fans’ degree of team identification. Using a proprietary data set that combines archival data on professional German soccer players and clubs with survey data on more than 1,400 soccer fans, this study finds evidence for a positive effect of superstar characteristics and role model perception. Moreover, it is found that players who qualify for the definition of a superstar are more important to fans of established teams than to fans of unsuccessful teams. The player's club tenure, however, seems to have no influence on fans’ team identification. It is further argued that the effect of soccer stars on their fans is comparable to that of executives on external stakeholders, and hence, the results are applied to the business domain. The results of this study contribute to existing research by extending the list of personnel‐related determinants of organizational identification.
The Perfect Little Bump: Does the Media Portrayal of Pregnant Celebrities Influence Prenatal Attachment?
Authors: Krisjanous Jayne , Richard James E. , Gazley Aaron 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study proposes and tests a theoretical model that analyzes celebrity pregnancy attraction and its ultimate influence over prenatal attachment within pregnant women. In particular, interest in pregnant celebrities and a high concern for physical appearance are examined for their relationship to weight concern and body image, and then leading on to prenatal attachment. The conceptual model presented was tested using structural equation modeling in a sample of 478 pregnant women. All hypotheses proposed were found to be significant. Results suggest that a high pregnant celebrity attraction, in combination with other factors, can lead to a reduced level of prenatal attachment. The study contributes further to knowledge of the influence of celebrities over consumer body image and healthy psychological adaptation in the important context of pregnancy.
The Impact of Stress on Consumers' Willingness to Pay
Authors: Maier Erik , Wilken Robert 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTStress is a companion in most consumers’ lives and as such should impact purchase behavior in many ways. Drawing on construal‐level theory, which relates to information processing on different levels of abstraction, the authors propose that consumers’ stress deteriorates their evaluation of products. The latter effect results from a stress‐induced focus shift, from product characteristics with high levels of construal to those with low levels of construal (Study 1). This shift also decreases the price that consumers are willing to pay (Study 2), though the product category moderates the impact of stress on willingness to pay (WTP), such that the decline in consumers’ WTP is smaller for products characterized by lower levels of construal (Study 3). This research extends existing knowledge on the impact of relaxation on consumers’ WTP by including stress in the analysis. Effect sizes are similar to those in related studies. In terms of managerial implications, this study recommends decreasing consumers’ stress levels at the point of purchase and tailoring marketing mix activities to match prevalent stress levels, if firms hope to mitigate the negative effect of stress.
Salespersons' Guanxi Orientation, Communication, and Manifest Conflict: An Empirical Study in China
Authors: Zhang Zaixiao , Zhang Mingli 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate how guanxi orientation, which is one of the personality attributes of Chinese people, influences the behavior of salespersons and the occurrence of manifest conflict. This study also investigates how guanxi‐oriented attitude, which is one dimension of guanxi orientation, influences guanxi‐oriented behavior, the other dimension of guanxi orientation. Data were collected via questionnaire from those selling equipment in the oil industry. The partial least squares method is applied to analyze the collected data. The study finds a positive correlation between salespersons’ guanxi‐oriented attitudes and guanxi‐oriented behavior. Both dimensions of the guanxi orientations of salespersons influence their selection of communication modality under friction events. The use of informal communication is inversely related to the occurrence of manifest conflict, while the use of formal communication is positively related. The guanxi‐oriented attitude of salespersons is negatively related to the occurrence of manifest conflict; however, the collected data did not reveal the expected negative relationship between guanxi‐oriented behavior and the occurrence of manifest conflict. The implications and research limitations are also discussed.
eWOM Watchdogs: Ego‐Threatening Product Domains and the Policing of Positive Online Reviews
Authors: Larson Lindsay R. L. , Denton L. Trey 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSuspicion regarding dishonest electronic word‐of‐mouth is a growing concern for consumers online. Individual consumers are occasionally seen acting as product review forum “watchdogs” within the websites they visit, posting vigilante comments against reviews they perceive to be fraudulent. This multimethod set of studies investigates consumer “watchdog comments,” and the way in which ego‐threatening product categories themselves may actually induce a prosecutorial mindset, leading to greater levels of suspicion toward positive online product reviews and the impulse to prosecute potential fraudsters. In Study 1, laboratory‐induced ego threat increased punitive severity against the act of falsifying online product reviews. In Study 2, a content analysis of actual Amazon.com reviews and consumer commentary indicates that the occurrence of watchdog comments is more common within ego‐threatening product categories.
Ursolic acid triggers nonprogrammed death (necrosis) in human glioblastoma multiforme DBTRG‐05MG cells through MPT pore opening and ATP decline
Authors: Lu Chi‐Cheng , Huang Bo‐Ru , Liao Pei‐Jyuan , Yen Gow‐Chin 
Published: August 2014

ScopeUrsolic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenic acid, possesses anticancer potential and diverse biological effects, but its correlation with glioblastoma multiforme cells and different modes of cell death is unclear. We studied the cellular actions of human glioblastoma multiforme DBTRG‐05MG cells after ursolic acid treatment and explored cell‐selective killing effect of necrotic death as a cell fate.Methods and resultsUrsolic acid effectively reversed temozolomide resistance and reduced DBTRG‐05MG cell viability. Surprisingly, ursolic acid failed to stimulate the apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐related signaling networks. The necrotic death was characterized by annexin V/propidium iodide double‐positive detection and release of high‐mobility group protein B1 and lactate dehydrogenase. These ursolic acid elicited responses were accompanied by reactive oxygen species generation and glutathione depletion. Rapid mitochondrial dysfunction was paralleled by the preferential induction of necrosis, rather than apoptotic death. Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) is a phenomenon to provide the onset of mitochondrial depolarization during cellular necrosis. The opening of MPT pores that were mechanistically regulated by cyclophilin D, and adenosine triphosphate decline occurred in treated necrotic DBTRG‐05MG cells. Cyclosporine A (an MPT pore inhibitor) prevented ursolic acid‐provoked necrotic death and the acid‐involved key regulators.ConclusionOur study is the first to report that ursolic acid‐modified mitochondrial function triggers defective death by necrosis in DBTRG‐05MG cells rather than augmenting programmed death.