bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freedom and Dissidence in the Arabic Prison Novels of 'Abd al-Ramān Munīf
Authors: Elimelekh Geula 
Published: November 2012

Abstract'Abd al-Rahmān Munīf 's novels East of the Mediterranean and Here and Now or East of the Mediterranean Revisited belong to the genre of prison literature, which describes the life and the suffering of prisoners. The suffering of the heroes in these novels, who are political prisoners, stems less from their physical torment than from the denial of freedom, which is a central theme in Munīf 's works. These protagonists' political activity is anchored in their desire to establish a state founded upon liberty, justice and honesty. They are authentic heroes, whose authenticity is manifest in their ceaseless struggle to preserve their identity and to become fully aware of the meaning of their existence as human beings, as well as in their willingness to take responsibility, to risk themselves and even to sacrifice their lives for their cause of attaining liberty, and in their complete dedication to this type of existence, which reflects an inner strength and a readiness to confront fate. The novels address the issue of freedom from both the existential perspective and the moral-political one. The dictatorial regime creates an absurd reality whereby the individual who struggles for freedom is sent to jail, where he experiences a yearning for both personal and collective freedom.
The Bektashi Institutions in Southeastern Europe: Alternative Muslim Official Structures and their Limits
Authors: Clayer Nathalie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere has always been a plurality of trends within Islam, to which Sufism also belonged. Within the Ottoman Empire, mystical groups remained among the uncentralized forms of Islam until the end of the 19 th century and the creation of an association of the dervish orders, which, however, provided only a very partial structure for them. In 20 th -century Balkans, the Bektashis, one of the major Sufi orders present in the region, secured an official and institutionalized structure in Albania from the beginning of the 1920s. After the collapse of the Communist regimes in Albania and Yugoslavia, which had put strong obstacles against the free development of religion (especially in Albania where it was banned in 1967), a Bektashi organization was reestablished in Tirana. The paper discusses the main normative features of this organization, called Komuniteti Bektashian. Kryegjyshata Botërore Bektashiane (“Bektashi Community. World Bektashi Grandfather”). Special reference is given to the changing power relations within the community caused by this novel structure (its members being often linked to other Albanian or foreign actors—Albanian politicians, Iranian Shi'i networks, Turkish Alevi networks, etc.). The article also examines the complex and disputed relationship of the Bektashi organization with the official Islamic religious institutions, its international, or rather pan-Albanian, dimension, and also its inner functioning which is not as centralized as it is supposed to be.
“Graia migrabit ab urbe:” A Textual and Literary Note on Petronius’ frg. 37 Ernout
Authors: Castelli Silvia 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
According to the text of the Petronian fragment reported by Stern (GLAJJ 1,1976, no. 195) as frg. 37 Ernout, the Iudaeus unwilling to circumcise was forced to migrate “to the Greek cities” (“graias . . . ad urbes.”) Several proposals have been made to emend the text of v. 5, and more or less popular conjectures have been advanced from the 16th to the 20th century to emend the unclear received reading “graia . . . urbe.” This note defends the reading “graia” of codex Bellovacensis on textual grounds, and suggests that graia urbs, through a Virgilian allusion, might indicate the city of Rome.
‘Their Backs toward the Temple, and Their Faces toward the East:’ The Temple and Toilet Practices in Rabbinic Palestine and Babylonia
Authors: Neis Rachel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article treats the cultural meaning of rabbinic toilet rules from their Tannaitic instantiation through to later developments in Palestine and Mesopotamia. It argues that these rules draw their corporeal and mental bearings from the Jerusalem temple, in inverse and opposite directions to prayer deportment. It shows how the juxtaposition of the sacred (temple) and profane (toilet) triggered the temple in unlikely instances under the guise of prohibition. As such, toilet rules are the underside of a rabbinic mapping project, similar to rules of bodily orientation in prayer. This map, effectively drawn by corporeal direction and orientation, with the (absent) temple at its center, traversed Palestine and the Diaspora, and ignored contemporary religious and imperials maps and limes. Thus developing toilet practices can tell us something about how a minority religious and social formation shaped bodily functions not necessarily in the more predictable terms of disgust and expulsion but rather as devices through which to uphold a lost center.
,,Wir bitten euch, dieses Geld anzunehmen“ Jüdische Hilfe für die Salzburger und Berchtesgadener Emigranten 1732/33
Authors: Splitter Wolfgang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe expulsion of the Lutherans from the Catholic Archbishopric of Salzburg and adjacent Berchtesgaden is a prominent example of early modern confessional migration. Until now, however, the liberal support these emigrants enjoyed from Jewish individuals and entire Jewish communities on their way to Brandenburg-Prussia and other Protestant territories has not yet received any scholarly attention of note. Based on contemporary sources, this article analyzes all known cases of Jews aiding these expellees. While anti-Jewish sentiments widely persisted among German Lutherans, pietist theologians cultivated a mission-oriented philo-Judaism, interpreting the Jews' help for the emigrants as a harbinger of a lasting Jewish-Christian rapprochement. The Jews' support challenged classical anti-Jewish stereotypes by turning the traditional roles of Jews and Christians in pre-modern society upside down.
Toward an Understanding of State Behavior in Prolonged International Negotiations
Authors: Downie Christian 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Many of the most significant international treaty negotiations take years, and sometimes decades, to conclude. The international climate negotiations, trade negotiations, and law of the sea negotiations are all examples. Yet, notwithstanding their common occurrence and importance, prolonged international negotiations are not well understood. In these negotiations, state preferences are not fixed, but fluid, as negotiating positions change. This temporal dimension of prolonged negotiations is insufficiently captured by existing theories of international negotiations, which, by virtue of their focus on individual negotiation outcomes at one point in time, tend to be static in their analysis. This article combines an analysis of existing theories of international negotiations with the findings of an empirical study of the climate change negotiations. It reveals a series of internal and external factors distinct to prolonged international negotiations, emphasizes the importance of the temporal dimension, and explains how and why the negotiating positions and the type of agreements states are prepared to sign change over time. Building on these variables, state behavior in prolonged international negotiations can be usefully conceived of as (at different points in time) either an immature or mature game, in which strategic opportunities arise at different phases of the game for networked actors to constructively influence state behavior. Eight strategies are suggested that traditionally weak actors can employ to steer prolonged international negotiations toward their preferred outcome.
The Choice of Child Delivery Is a European Human Right
Authors: Eggermont M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In a judgment of 14 December 2010, in the case of Madam Ternovszky v. Hungary, the European Court of Human Rights has considered that a State should provide an adequate regulatory scheme concerning the right to choose in matters of child delivery (at home or in a hospital). In the context of homebirth, regarded as a matter of personal choice of the mother, this implies that the mother is entitled to a legal and institutional environment that enables her choice. This contribution stresses in which sense the regulatory schemes in the Member States Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, France and the UK concerning the choice of child delivery are in accordance with Article 8 ECHR, the right to respect for the private life. Do the Member States provide the legal certainty to a mother that the midwife can legally assist a homebirth? Or are restrictions made in interests of public health?
The Challenge of a Theologically Fruitful Method for Studying African Christian Ethics: The Role of the Human Sciences
Authors: Appiah Simon Kofi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
There are attempts from different theological circles to keep the debate on inculturation ethics alive. Such attempts seek to contribute towards the development of inculturation ethics as an important area of study and its acceptance as a valuable source of Christian moral sensibility and practice. This essay joins the discourse by focusing on the methodological challenges involved in the study of inculturation ethics and proposes that a ‘critical appropriation’ of knowledge from the social sciences could yield a fruitful theological method for the study of African Christian ethics. Inculturation itself presupposes certain social scientific questions which cannot be ignored. The essay therefore suggests that the challenges and suspicions associated with attempts to adapt knowledge from the social sciences for the study of philosophical and theological questions dwindle in the face of the theological fruitful method that such an approach can generate.
ABOUT THE FLORENTINE STROZZI MANUSCRIPTS
Authors: MINIATI MARA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The Archivio di Stato of Florence preserves an incredible amount of manuscripts. The Strozzi series constitute a large group which includes correspondences and private and public documents from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Trying to find additional information on the mathematical instruments from the Strozzi family collections sold in 1911 in Amsterdam, this paper introduces this enormous archive, its history and that of this very important Florentine family.
L'OMOLOGIA RIVISITATA
Authors: MINELLI ALESSANDRO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Many different and even contrasting notions of homology have been proposed over two centuries of comparative biology, beginning with the initial reference to idealised archetypes, down to the current concepts based on derivation from a common ancestor, or on shared developmental pathways or genetic (more extensively, informational) background. Select anatomical features such as the patterns of innervation, or the expression patterns of genes putatively involved in key developmental events, e.g. the Hox genes, have been repeatedly suggested as the most reliable cues to homology. This confidence, however, rests on shaky ground and results are never certain. Recent work in comparative morphology and evolutionary developmental biology increasingly suggests the need to abandon the traditional all-or-nothing notion of homology, in favour of a more flexible, factorial or combinatorial approach. In this way it will be possible to accommodate within one broad comparative view, respectful of phylogeny and developmental biology alike, many disparate notions such as positional and special homology, serial homology and temporal serial homology. All statements of homology, however, will thus require adequate qualification of the context specifically taken in consideration and the criteria used to address the comparison. It remains to be seen, in the near future, how far the old concept of homology, now under the burden of so many and so different notions, will still be of use to comparative biology.
SCIENCES AT WAR AND THE CYBERNETIC DREAM*
Authors: POGLIANO CLAUDIO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Si analizzano qui storicamente retroterra, contesto e conseguenze dell'articolo sui meccanismi teleologici e la causalit circolare pubblicato nel 1943 da Rosenblueth, Wiener e Bigelow. La prima parte mostra come lo 'spirito marziale' del XX secolo - dalla Prima guerra mondiale alla Guerra fredda - abbia permeato sviluppi e contenuti di molti studi sul controllo del comportamento. L'articolo del 1943 acquista particolare rilievo nella storia della scienza grazie al ruolo giocato dalla Macy Foundation, che finanzi per sette anni (1946-1953) una celebre serie di conferenze. Delle quali la seconda parte esamina finalit ideali ed effettive realizzazioni, retorica e stile di lavoro. Si offrono inoltre alcuni esempi delle opinioni divergenti e dei conflitti che accompagnarono la lunga recita del gruppo di scienziati fondatori della cibernetica.
COMMENT A-T-ON PU TRE NO-LAMARCKIEN EN FRANCE (1843-1930)?
Authors: CONRY YVETTE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Vengono qui studiate le diverse fasi e condizioni di possibilit del neolamarckismo in Francia nel periodo che va dal 1843 (data di pubblicazione dell'Essai de physiologie gnrale di Jules Gurin) al 1930 (data di pubblicazione di The genetical theory of natural selection di Ronald Fisher) e la filosofia generale che ispir le sue varie forme. Queste vengono caratterizzate come tentativi di convertire una storia della natura in una scienza unitaria della natura basata su una concezione meccanica dell'universo e su una fisiologia generale dell'adattamento. Tale scienza era unitaria quanto agli scopi ed alla visione globale della natura, ma non nei diversi modi in cui si tent di realizzarla. Per analizzare questo rapporto fra istanze comuni e procedure particolari l'attenzione si concentrata su un confronto fra l'opera di Edmond Perrier e quella di Alfred Giard.
NOTA SU ALCUNI STRUMENTI RECENTEMENTE ACQUISITI DALLA FONDAZIONE SCIENZA E TECNICA
Authors: BRENNI PAOLO 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe collection of the 19th century physics instruments of the Istituto Tecnico Toscano in Florence, which is nowadays preserved by the Fondazione Scienza e Tecnica, is one of the largest and more complete in Europe. For this reason it can be considered a closed collection. Nevertheless in the last years a few specific instruments were acquired by the Fondazione in order to fill some gaps in the various sections of the collection. This article describe these instruments, which are not mentioned in the printed catalogues.
I PUNTI DI ZENONE: UNA PREISTORIA VICHIANA
Authors: ROSSI PAOLO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title This study considers the reasons for the radical incompatibility between atomist theses and the conclusions reached by the Council of Trent on the sacrament of the Eucharist. The texts of several seventeenth century Jesuits - Suarez, Pereira, Arriaga and Oviedo - are examined here. Present in these texts is an attempt to develop a natural philosophy alternative to the Aristotelian one, capable of retaining its distance from impious atomism, but, nonetheless, adopting certain central aspects concerning belief in discontinuity and indivisibles. A strong line of demarcation between Aristotelians and anti-Aristotelians can be traced through their differing conceptions of the continuum. Zenonism (which regards the continuum as composed of points) was defended on various occasions in the Jesuit context, and was also repressed and condemned a number of times. In the background to these problems, the atomism of Galileo is reconsidered, and the "atomism of points" described theoretically by Boscovich is examined. Even during the seventeenth century, however, mention was frequently made of a particular type of atomists who regarded atoms as without extension. Many Vico scholars regarded his profession of Zenonims (central to his De antiquissima of 1710) as a "philosophical invention of Vico". In reality, however, Vico had a Zenonist Jesuit as his teacher, and his entire discussion of "metaphysical points" is linked to a specific and very little known philosophical tradition. In the whole of Europe between the middle of the seventeenth century and the first decades of the eighteenth century, Zenonist was a term in common use, and was readly comprehensible, like Scotist, or, in more recent times, Popperian.
ELEMENTS FOR THE RELATIVE CHRONOLOGY OF GALILEI'S DE MOTU ANTIQUIORA
Authors: GIUSTI ENRICO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title L'ordine di composizione dei quattro testi raccolti sotto il nome collettivo di DE MOTU ANTIQUIORA stato oggetto di discussione tra gli studiosi galileiani, che hanno proposto differenti soluzioni. Sulla base di un confronto dettagliato dei passi comuni a due o pi degli scritti in questione, si portano dei nuovi argomenti a sostegno della successione Dialogo, Trattato in 23 capitoli, Trattato in 2 capitoli, Trattato in 10 capitoli.
VORLESUNGEN BER SPEZIELLE RELATIVITTSTHEORIE
Authors: EINSTEIN ALBERT 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Il manoscritto einsteiniano del 1920 dal titolo: Vorlesungen ber spezielle Relativittstheorie, illustra in modo paradigmatico l'intera gestazione della Teoria della Relativit speciale, l'importanza e il ruolo di questa all'interno della Teoria della Relativit generale, il passaggio da una Teoria della Relativit speciale ad una generale, i dubbi e le certezze del suo inventore, sempre nell'ottica di uno dei nodi cruciali della Storia della Fisica moderna: il problema della definizione dell'Etere. La Teoria dell'Etere, appunto, filtrata attraverso Hendrik A. Lorentz, diventa in Einstein una fattispecie inerziale del Principio di Relativit classico e poi, spogliandosi di qualsiasi qualit meccanica, diviene Teoria gravitazionale nella prospettiva fenomenologica weyliana.
CORRISPONDENZA DI GIOVANNI BATTISTA AMICI CON CARLO MATTEUCCI E ANGELO SECCHI*
Authors: MESCHIARI ALBERTO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title We here publish 28 letters from the correspondence of Giovanni Battista Amici, belonging to the Estense Library in Modena, concerning his relationship with two of the greatest Italian scientists of the XIX century: Carlo Matteucci and Angelo Secchi.
Dewey: A Pragmatist View of History
Authors: Grigoriev Serge 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Despite the centrality of the idea of history to Dewey’s overall philosophical outlook, his brief treatment of philosophical issues in history has never attracted much attention, partly because of the dearth of the available material. Nonetheless, as argued in this essay, what we do have provides an outline of a comprehensive pragmatist view of history distinguished by an emphasis on methodological pluralism and a principled opposition to thinking of historical knowledge in correspondence terms. The key conceptions of Dewey’s philosophy of history discussed in this paper – i.e. historical constitution of human nature, constructivist ontology of historical events, as well as the belief that the proper form of historical judgments is underwritten by the category of continual change – are discussed with a view to the current challenges in philosophy of history, e.g. the contest between naturalism and rationalism, objectivity and relativism, questions surrounding the function of narrative in history, and the relationship of history to the problems of identity and self-knowledge. The intended upshot of the essay is to suggest that Dewey’s brief yet substantial analysis may be capable of supplying the guiding principles for articulating a viable and promising pragmatist (and naturalist) conception of historical knowledge.
Is History New? Recent Modernist Interpretations of Hegel
Authors: Bernstein Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This review explores a recent trend in commentary on Hegel’s philosophy of history which owes much of its interpretive substance to the aesthetic modernism of the Frankfurt School. This modernist trend emphasizes the interplay of form and content, material conditions of rationality, and the temporal disjunction between experiencing and cognizing history. In so doing, it produces a deeply political, psychoanalytic, and musical reading of Hegel.
Single-object consistency facilitates multisensory pair learning: Evidence for unitization
Authors: Barenholtz Elan , Lewkowicz David J. , Kogelschatz Lauren 
Published: November 2012

Learning about objects often involves associating multisensory properties such as the taste and smell of a food or the face and voice of a person. Here, we report a novel phenomenon in associative learning in which pairs of multisensory attributes that are consistent with deriving from a single object are learned better than pairs that are not. In Experiment 1, we found superior learning of arbitrary pairs of human faces and voices when they were gender-congruent — and thus were consistent with belonging to a single personal identity — compared with gender-incongruent pairs. In Experiment 2, we found a similar advantage when the learned pair consisted of species-congruent animal pictures and vocalizations vs. species-incongruent pairs. In Experiment 3, we found that temporal synchrony — which provides a highly reliable alternative cue that properties derive from a single object — improved performance specifically for the incongruent pairs. Together, these findings demonstrate a novel principle in associative learning in which multisensory pairs that are consistent with having a single object as their source are learned more easily than multisensory pairs that are not. These results suggest that unitizing multisensory properties into a single representation may be a specialized learning mechanism.
Different classes of audiovisual correspondences are processed at distinct levels of the cortical hierarchy
Authors: Noppeney Uta , Adam Ruth , Sadaghiani Sepideh , Maier Joost X. , Lee HweeLing , Werner Sebastian , Ostwald Dirk , Lewis Richard , Conrad Verena 
Published: November 2012

The brain should integrate sensory inputs only when they emanate from a common source and segregate those from different sources. Sensory correspondences are important cues informing the brain whether two sensory inputs are generated by a common event and should hence be integrated. Most prominently, sensory inputs should co-occur in time and space. More complex audiovisual stimuli may also be congruent in terms of semantics (e.g., objects and source sounds) or phonology (e.g., spoken and written words; linked via common linguistic labels). Surprisingly, metaphoric relations (e.g., pitch and height) have also been shown to influence audiovisual integration. The neural mechanisms that mediate these metaphoric congruency effects are only poorly understood. They may be mediated via (i) natural multisensory binding, (ii) common linguistic labels or (iii) semantics. In this talk, we will present a series of studies that investigate whether these different types of audiovisual correspondences are processed by distinct neural systems. Further, we investigate how those systems are employed by metaphoric audiovisual correspondences. Our results demonstrate that different classes of audiovisual correspondences influence multisensory integration at distinct levels of the cortical hierarchy. Spatiotemporal incongruency is detected already at the primary cortical level. Natural (e.g., motion direction) and phonological incongruency influences MSI in areas involved in motion or phonological processing. Critically, metaphoric interactions emerge in neural systems that are shared with natural and semantic incongruency. This activation pattern may reflect the ambivalent nature of metaphoric audiovisual interactions relying on both natural and semantic correspondences.