bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific quantification of inducible HIV-1 reservoir by RT-LAMP
Authors: Hossain Tanvir , Lungu Cynthia , de Schrijver Sten , Kuali Mamokoena , Crespo Raquel , Reddy Nicole , Ngubane Ayanda , Kan Tsung Wai , Reddy Kavidha , Rao Shringar , Palstra Robert-Jan , Madlala Paradise , Ndung’u Thumbi , Mahmoudi Tokameh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Strategies toward HIV-1 cure aim to clear, inactivate, reduce, or immunologically control the virus from a pool of latently infected cells such that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can be safely interrupted. In order to assess the impact of any putative curative interventions on the size and inducibility of the latent HIV-1 reservoir, robust and scalable assays are needed to precisely quantify the frequency of infected cells containing inducible HIV-1.

Methods
We developed Specific Quantification of Inducible HIV−1 by RT-LAMP (SQuHIVLa), leveraging the high sensitivity and specificity of RT-LAMP, performed in a single reaction, to detect and quantify cells expressing tat/rev HIV-1 multiply spliced RNA (msRNA) upon activation. The LAMP primer/probe used in SQuHIVLa was designed to exclusively detect HIV-1 tat/rev msRNA and adapted for different HIV-1 subtypes.

Results
Using SQuHIVLa, we successfully quantify the inducible viral reservoir in CD4+ T cells from people living with HIV-1 subtypes B and C on cART. The assay demonstrates high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.

Conclusions
SQuHIVLa offers a high throughput, scalable, and specific HIV-1 reservoir quantification tool that is amenable to resource-limited settings. This assay poses remarkable potential in facilitating the evaluation of potential interventional strategies toward achieving HIV-1 cure.
Compressive confocal microscopy imaging at the single-photon level with ultra-low sampling ratios
Authors: Liu Shuai , Chen Bin , Zou Wenzhen , Sha Hao , Feng Xiaochen , Han Sanyang , Li Xiu , Yao Xuri , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yongbing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLaser-scanning confocal microscopy serves as a critical instrument for microscopic research in biology. However, it suffers from low imaging speed and high phototoxicity. Here we build a novel deep compressive confocal microscope, which employs a digital micromirror device as a coding mask for single-pixel imaging and a pinhole for confocal microscopic imaging respectively. Combined with a deep learning reconstruction algorithm, our system is able to achieve high-quality confocal microscopic imaging with low phototoxicity. Our imaging experiments with fluorescent microspheres demonstrate its capability of achieving single-pixel confocal imaging with a sampling ratio of only approximately 0.03% in specific sparse scenarios. Moreover, the deep compressive confocal microscope allows single-pixel imaging at the single-photon level, thus reducing the excitation light power requirement for confocal imaging and suppressing the phototoxicity. We believe that our system has great potential for long-duration and high-speed microscopic imaging of living cells.
UAV cluster geometric information fusion cooperative positioning algorithm with LEO satellite system
Authors: Tang Chengkai , Wang Wenbo , Zhang Lingling , Wang Chen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters, they will become the main means in urban transportation, traffic monitoring and other fields. The positioning accuracy of UAV clusters is the core basis of the application, this paper proposes a UAV cluster information geometry fusion positioning method based on low‐orbit satellite system, which uses the geometric relationship between UAV clusters to transform the low‐orbit constellation navigation information of each UAV into an information geometry probability model, reducing the influence of the low‐orbit satellite system time asynchrony, and through Kullback–Leibler average fusion to achieve UAV cluster real‐time high‐precision positioning. The method effectively solves the problem caused by the easy loss of GNSS signals in the obscured environment, and significantly improves the reliability and stability of UAV cluster positioning in urban environments. Comparing the method of this paper with the existing UAV fusion navigation methods in terms of positioning accuracy stability, positioning real‐time and error mutation under the occlusion scenario, the experimental results show that the method of this paper has obvious superiority in the above indexes.
Conjugate gradient‐based active noise cancellation
Authors: de Souza Jose Victor Goncalez , de Alcantara Andrade Fabio Augusto , Pinto Milena Faria , Kar Asutosh , de Barros Ana Lucia Ferreira , Haddad Diego Barreto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractActive noise cancellation schemes should synthesize proper secondary perturbations without relevant prior information. Their performance depends strongly on their adaptive mechanisms, which, sometimes, do not fulfill the severe requirements of practical setups. This research demonstrates for the first time that the adaptive conjugate gradient optimization method can be used for active noise cancellation tasks. Additionally, a stochastic model is devised for estimating its steady‐state solution, even when the secondary path is not correctly estimated. Such a theoretical analysis demonstrates the asymptotic unbiasedness of the proposed scheme when the secondary plant is perfectly estimated. Simulations reveal that the devised method can attain better asymptotic performance and a higher convergence rate than the traditional FX‐LMS algorithm, at the expense of an increased computational burden. Furthermore, simulations show that the method outperforms the standard ones for nonstationary inputs (such as speech signals).
Dual internal model control with improved load current feedback for enhanced dynamic performance in aircraft high‐voltage direct current brushless generator
Authors: Shi Heng , Zhang Zhuoran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to enhance the dynamic performance of aircraft high‐voltage direct current wound rotor synchronous generator (WRSG) system under load variations, a dual internal model control (DIMC) method utilising improved load current feedback (ILCF) is proposed. It employs internal model controllers in both voltage and current loops, thereby significantly augmenting the system's disturbance rejection capabilities. Improved load current feedback is incorporated between the DC voltage loop and the field current loop. Additionally, a method for designing a feedback fitting function is established, enhancing the system's adaptability to changes in operational speed and load. The authors outline parameter design methods for voltage and current loops in DIMC, based on the internal model control principle. Adjustments to these parameters can further enhance the system's disturbance rejection capabilities. Finally, comparative experiments between the PI method with ILCF and the DIMC method with ILCF are conducted on a 15 kW WRSG experimental platform. These experiments demonstrate that the proposed DIMC method with ILCF optimises dynamic performance across the entire speed range, enhancing the competitiveness of WRSG systems in aircraft applications.
On the practical aspects of machine learning based active power loss forecasting in transmission networks
Authors: Pandžić Franko , Sudić Ivan , Capuder Tomislav , Pavičić Ivan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe cost for covering active power losses makes a significant item in transmission system operators (TSO) annual budgets, and still it received limited attention in the existing literature. The focus of accurate power loss forecasting and procurement is of high increase during the past 2 years due to spikes in electricity prices, making the cost of covering the active power losses a dominant factor of TSO operational costs. This paper presents practical aspects of the highly accurate models for transmission loss forecast in the day ahead time frame for the Croatian transmission system. The contributions are two‐fold: 1) Practical insights into usable TSO data are provided, filling a critical research gap and a foundational literature review is established on transmission loss forecasting. 2) A novel method utilizing only electricity transit data as input which outperforms existing practices is presented. For this, several algorithms such as gradient boosted decision tree model (XGB), support vector regressors, multiple linear regression and fully connected feedforward artificial neural networks are developed, and implemented and validated on data obtained from the Croatian TSO. The results show that the XGB model outperforms current TSO model by 32% for 4 months of comparison and TSCNET's commercial solution by 25% during a year‐long testing period. The developed XGB model is also implemented as a software tool and put into everyday operation with the Croatian TSO.
A multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning approach for traffic signal coordination
Authors: Hu Ta‐Yin , Li Zhuo‐Yu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe purpose of signal control is to allocate time for competing traffic flows to ensure safety. Artificial intelligence has made transportation researchers more interested in adaptive traffic signal control, and recent literature confirms that deep reinforcement learning (DRL) can be effectively applied to adaptive traffic signal control. Deep neural networks enhance the learning potential of reinforcement learning. This study applies the DRL method, Double Deep Q‐Network, to train local agents. Each local agent learns independently to accommodate the regional traffic flows and dynamics. After completing the learning, a global agent is created to integrate and unify the action policies selected by each local agent to achieve the purpose of traffic signal coordination. Traffic flow conditions are simulated through the simulation of urban mobility. The benefits of the proposed approach include improving the efficiency of intersections and minimizing the overall average waiting time of vehicles. The proposed multi‐agent reinforcement learning model significantly improves the average vehicle waiting time and queue length compared with the results from PASSER‐V and pre‐timed signal setting strategies.
Study on gate‐source voltage oscillation suppression in SiC MOSFETs based on LCR parallel branch
Authors: Yu Changzhou , Li Jiajia , Gu Yukun , Liu Huixian , Xu Feng , Wang Yifei , Yu Shaolin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs are garnering widespread attention due to their superior performance in high‐temperature, high‐frequency, and high‐voltage applications, emerging as the preferred power semiconductor devices in converters for photovoltaic power generation and new energy vehicles. However, SiC MOSFETs are prone to gate drive and drain‐source voltage oscillations during high‐speed switching events, resulting in diminished system efficiency, increased electromagnetic interference, reduced device safety, and even compromising the overall reliability of the converter. This paper introduces an oscillation suppression method based on a gate LCR parallel branch, aimed at optimizing the switching performance of SiC MOSFETs. A half‐bridge circuit model based on SiC MOSFET is established, and the mechanism of gate and drain‐source oscillation is meticulously analysed using the transfer function expression. Building upon this, the LCR parallel branch parameters are meticulously designed to introduce appropriate damping in the gate drive path, effectively mitigating oscillations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed design not only significantly reduces the amplitude of oscillations but also shortens the switch‐transition time. This enhancement effectively increases the switching frequency and reduces switching losses.
Parametric Modeling for Activated Carbon Synthesis
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hussain Azhar , Hassan Muhammad Najam UL , Nasir Ali , Karim Ramzan Abdul , Yasir Muhammad , Wakeel Aneela , Rao Abdul Moiz , Ahmed Muhammad , Ullah Muhib , Imran Khurram 
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the synthesis of activated carbon from waste tires, focusing on how heating rates influence activation energy and product quality. Through controlled experiments, the research evaluates the impact of varying thermal treatments on the activation energy and the resultant activated carbon’s surface area, pore size, and volume. The objective is to establish the optimal conditions that enhance adsorptive properties while maximizing energy efficiency in the production process. Findings indicate that slower heating rates are conducive to producing activated carbon with higher surface areas and smaller, more uniform pore sizes, traits desirable for effective adsorption. Specifically, activated carbon produced under slow heating exhibited a surface area of 621 m²/g and a pore size of 292 Å, compared to 570 m²/g and 308 Å under faster heating conditions. This demonstrates a direct correlation between the heating rate and the material’s structural characteristics that affect its adsorption capacity.
Incorporated within this study parametric model that forecasts the qualities of activated carbon for various heating regimens, facilitating the precise adjustment of the synthesis process. The study reveals a nuanced understanding of energy consumption in the synthesis process. Lower heating rates, while beneficial for product quality, necessitate a reevaluation of energy expenditure to ensure economic viability. Conversely, the slight reduction in quality observed with rapid heating suggests a potential for time and energy savings, offering a trade-off between efficiency and product performance. The research bridges the gap between process parameters and activated carbon quality, providing valuable insights for the development of more sustainable, cost-effective production methods. By identifying ideal heating rates, the study paves the way for advancements in activated carbon manufacturing, promising significant improvements in environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. This contributes to a broader application of activated carbon in pollution control and resource recovery, underscoring the importance of optimized manufacturing processes.
Le magnétisme et l’optique au carrefour de l’électronique de spin ultrarapide
Authors: Gorchon Jon 
Published: June 2024

Le magnétisme est omniprésent dans notre vie : boussoles, moteurs électriques, transformateurs, stockage magnétique pour le “cloud”… Comprendre comment l’aimantation d’un aimant se comporte face à des forces magnétiques extérieures est donc primordial.
Le domaine de l’électronique de spin ultra-rapide s’intéresse à la dynamique des systèmes magnétiques aux échelles temporelles de la pico et de la femtoseconde, en essayant de les manipuler à l’aide de plusieurs leviers tels que la lumière, la chaleur ou les courants électriques.
Nierenersatztherapie auf Intensivstation
Authors: Herrmann Julian-Wolfram , Reshetnik Alexander 
Published: June 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGBei intensivstationär behandelten Patient*innen kommt es regelmäßig zu akuten Nierenfunktionseinschränkungen (AKI), die oft auch den Einsatz apparativer Nierenersatzverfahren nötig machen. Der vorliegende Artikel soll ein verständliches und umfassendes Kompendium des aktuellen Therapiestandards für Nierenersatzverfahren im intensivstationären Kontext mit der Erläuterung der jeweiligen Evidenz darstellen: So werden die verschiedenen verfügbaren Modalitäten (kontinuierliche versus intermittierende Hämodialyseverfahren sowie Peritonealdialyse) vorgestellt und ihre jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile diskutiert. Dabei wird auch auf die richtigen Bedingungen für eine etwaige Umstellung von kontinuierlichen auf diskontinuierliche Verfahren eingegangen und der damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Problematik der hämodynamischen Instabilität unter einer Nierenersatztherapie. Weiterhin wird die viel diskutierte Frage nach dem richtigen Zeitpunkt des Beginns von Nierenersatzverfahren im Licht der vorhandenen Evidenz kritisch beleuchtet, genauso wie die Frage nach den Voraussetzungen für eine erfolgreiche Beendigung der Nierenersatztherapie. Verschiedene Antikoagulationsstrategien werden vorgestellt, mit besonderem Augenmerk auf die regionale Antikoagulation mit Zitrat, die mittlerweile die bevorzugte Option insbesondere für kontinuierliche Verfahren darstellt. Ebenso wird auf die Bestimmung der adäquaten Dosen je nach Modalität für den/die einzelne/n Patient*in eingegangen. Auch den spezifischen Aspekten von chronischen Dialysepatient*innen auf Intensivstation wird Rechnung getragen.
Validierte deutschsprachige PROMs für Menschen mit Majoramputation
der unteren Extremität – Ein narrativer Review anhand des Abschlussreports der
LEAD- und COMPASS-Initiative der ISPO
Authors: Ranker Alexander , Greitemann Bernhard , Kohler Friedbert , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Sturm Christian , Tegtbur Uwe , Egen Christoph 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungPatientenzentrierte Erhebungsinstrumente (sogenannte PROMs, Patient-Related
Outcome Measures), spielen in der Rehabilitation bei Menschen mit
Majoramputation eine wesentliche Rolle. Die von den Betroffenen selbst
auszufüllenden Fragebogen erheben dabei für dieses Patientenkollektiv
spezifische Konstrukte. Die durch die Internationale Gesellschaft für Prothetik
und Orthetik (ISPO) durchgeführten Initiativen COMPASS und LEAD unterstreichen
die Wichtigkeit der regelhaften Erhebung hochqualitativer Patientenfragebogen.
Diese sind sowohl für die Bewertung des Rehabilitationsbedarfs, des
Rehabilitationsfortschritts als auch des Rehabilitationserfolgs sowie in der
Rehabilitationsforschung unabdingbar. Im Abschlussbericht der großen
internationalen Initiative der ISPO werden PROMs-Empfehlungen des
Expertengremiums tabellarisch aufgezeigt In Tabelle 3.2 des Berichts führt die
ISPO n=12 PROMs auf, die in den engeren Konsensusprozess aufgenommen wurden, als
ausreichend qualitativ gelten und daher empfohlen werden. Ziel dieser
systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Verfügbarkeit validierter deutscher
Versionen dieser PROMs zu ermitteln. Dadurch sollten eventuelle Lücken im
Vorhandensein einzelner Scores in deutscher Sprache aufgezeigt werden. Alle
PROMs, die in einer deutschen und validierten Version vorliegen, wurden
anschließend mittels Checklist der COnsensus-based Standards for the selection
of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) hinsichtlich der Qualität der
Validierungsstudie untersucht. Durch die systematische Literatursuche konnten
n=6 validierte deutschsprachige Versionen gefunden werden. Dabei konnten nur n=4
eine ausreichende Qualität der Überprüfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften
gemäß COSMIN-Checklist aufweisen. Insgesamt zeigt diese Übersichtsarbeit
gravierende Lücken in der Verfügbarkeit deutscher validierter Versionen von
international genutzten und durch die ISPO als Standard empfohlenen PROMs. Es
wird dringend empfohlen durch leitliniengerechte Übersetzung und anschließender
Validierungsstudien diese Lücke zu schließen, um die von der ISPO empfohlenen
PROMS auch für ein deutschsprachiges Patientenkollektiv anbieten und erheben zu
können.
Maternal Preconception Omega-6, Omega-3, and Omega-6:Omega-3 Intake and Uterine Artery Indices in Mid-Gestation
Authors: Finch Amara , Joss-Moore Lisa , Allshouse Amanda A. , Blue Nathan , Haas David M. , Grobman William , Parry Samuel , Saade George , Silver Robert M. 
Published: June 2024

Objective Maternal preconception diet influences pregnancy health and fetal outcomes. We examined the relationship between preconception fatty acid (FA) intake and uterine artery indices in mid-gestation in a large, heterogeneous cohort of nulliparous individuals.
Study Design This is a secondary analysis of the nuMom2b (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be) study. Dietary ω-6 and ω-3 FA intake was assessed with food frequency questionnaires and uterine artery indices were obtained via Doppler studies in the second trimester. For our primary outcome of pulsatility index (PI) > 1.6, we compared proportions by each dichotomous FA exposure and tested differences with chi-square test.
Results For PI > 1.6, odds ratio for the unfavorable FA quartile compared with remaining quartiles for the exposures were 0.96 to 1.25, p = 0.157 (ω-6 FA); 0.97 to 1.26, p = 0.124 (ω-3 FA); 0.87 to 1.14, p = 1.00 (ω-6:ω-3 FA ratio).
Conclusion No significant associations between self-reported maternal preconception ω-6 and ω-3 FA intake and uterine artery Doppler indices measured during the second trimester were observed.
Key Points
Spinal Arachnoid Cysts—Our Experience
Authors: Diyora Batuk , Purandare Anup , Devani Kavin , Palave Prakash , Dhall Gagan , Gawali Sagar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Spinal arachnoid cysts are rare. Most of these lesions are located in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions. Magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable tool for understanding their location and provides important information regarding their origin and expansion. The aim of our study was to evaluate the demographics, presentations, surgical management, and outcome of a spinal arachnoid cyst.
Materials and Methods All the patients from January 2003 to December 2021 who were symptomatic for spinal arachnoid cysts were taken for study. A retrospective analysis was performed. Radiological investigations were performed, and patients were graded according to the Nabors classification. Operative results were graded according to surgical technique.
Results The study included 22 patients, 11 female and 11 male patients, with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 1:1. The mean age of presentation was 34.7 years (4–60 years). Of 22 patients, 15 have intradural arachnoid cysts, 7 have an intradural extramedullary arachnoid cyst, and 8 have an intramedullary arachnoid cyst. Symptoms varied from weakness in the lower limbs (50%), quadriparesis and spasticity (32%), bladder/bowel incontinence (14%), and pain (10%). Out of 22 patients, complete cyst excision was performed in 17 patients, marsupialization in 4 patients, and cystic-subarachnoid shunt in one patient. Weakness and spasticity gradually recovered over a period of time. At 1-year follow-up, all the patients had complete improvement in their weakness, spasticity, and bladder functions. No recurrence of the cyst was seen at 1-year follow-up.
Conclusion Spinal arachnoid cysts are very rare in the spinal cord. Most of the lesions are located in the thoracic and thoracolumbar regions. Asymptomatic cyst requires counseling and conservative management, whereas symptomatic cyst, if operated on with surgical expertise, recurrence and complications are very low. The best surgical technique for operating these spinal arachnoid cysts is still under question, but symptom improvement is seen in all operative procedures.