bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma n-3 fatty acids and clinical outcomes in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Proudman Susanna M. , Cleland Leslie G. , Metcalf Robert G. , Sullivan Thomas R. , Spargo Llewellyn D. , James Michael J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA randomised controlled trial (RCT) of high-dose v. low-dose fish oil in recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) demonstrated that the group allocated to high-dose fish oil had increased remission and decreased failure of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. This study examines the relationships between plasma phospholipid levels of the n-3 fatty acids in fish oil, EPA and DHA, and remission and DMARD use in recent-onset RA. EPA and DHA were measured in blood samples from both groups of the RCT. The data were analysed as a single cohort, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine relationships between plasma phospholipid (PL) EPA and DHA and various outcome measures. When analysed as a single cohort, plasma PL EPA was related to time to remission, with a one unit increase in EPA (1 % total fatty acids) associated with a 12 % increase in the probability of remission at any time during the study period (hazard ratio (HR)=1·12; 95 % CI 1·02, 1·23; P=0·02). Adjustment for smoking, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and ‘shared epitope’ HLA-DR allele status did not change the HR. Plasma PL EPA, adjusted for the same variables, was negatively related to time to DMARD failure (HR=0·85; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·99; P=0·047). The HR for DHA and time to remission or DMARD failure were similar in magnitude to those for EPA, but not statistically significant. Biomarkers of n-3 status, such as plasma PL EPA, have the potential to predict clinical outcomes relevant to standard drug treatment of RA patients.
Associations between dietary intakes of first-time fathers and their 20-month-old children are moderated by fathers’ BMI, education and age
Authors: Walsh Adam D. , Cameron Adrian J. , Hesketh Kylie D. , Crawford David , Campbell Karen J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChildren’s learning about food is considerable during their formative years, with parental influence being pivotal. Research has focused predominantly on maternal influences, with little known about the relationships between fathers’ and children’s diets. Greater understanding of this relationship is necessary for the design of appropriate interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the diets of fathers and their children and the moderating effects of fathers’ BMI, education and age on these associations. The diets of fathers and their first-born children (n317) in the Melbourne Infant Feeding Activity and Nutrition Trial (InFANT) Program were assessed using an FFQ and 3×24-h recalls, respectively. The InFANT Program is a cluster-randomised controlled trial in the setting of first-time parents groups in Victoria, Australia. Associations between father and child fruit, vegetable, non-core food and non-core drink intakes were assessed using linear regression. The extent to which these associations were mediated by maternal intake was tested. Moderation of associations by paternal BMI, education and age was assessed. Positive associations were found between fathers’ and children’s intake of fruit, sweet snacks and take-away foods. Paternal BMI, education and age moderated the relationships found for the intakes of fruit (BMI), vegetables (age), savoury snacks (BMI and education) and take-away foods (BMI and education). Our findings suggest that associations exist at a young age and are moderated by paternal BMI, education and age. This study highlights the importance of fathers in modelling healthy diets for their children.
Predictive factors for post-operative drainage after partial superficial parotidectomy: a case-control study
Authors: Chen W-C , Chuang H-C , Su Y-Y , Chien C-Y 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectives:This study aimed to identify the pattern of post-operative drainage following partial superficial parotidectomy with and without the use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device.Methods:Of the 49 patients undergoing parotidectomies, a bipolar vessel-sealing device was used for 20. Predictive factors included in the analysis were age, sex, body weight, operating time, tumour pathology, and diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking status.Results:In multivariate analyses, body weight (p = 0.026) and non-use of a bipolar vessel-sealing device (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with increased post-operative drainage after 24 hours. There was also a trend towards increased drainage in diabetic patients. Operating times were significantly shorter in the bipolar vessel-sealing device group.Conclusion:Although 24-hour drainage appears adequate for most patients, in obese and diabetic individuals there is a risk of requiring increased drainage. Therefore, the drain should be left in place for a longer period. The bipolar vessel-sealing device is safe and time-efficient, and decreases the post-operative drainage period.
Outcome evaluation of clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole regimens in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative children with resistant otitis media with effusion
Authors: Mel-Hennawi D , Ahmed M R 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective:To compare the efficacy of two treatment regimens among Helicobacter pylori stool antigen positive children suffering from resistant otitis media with effusion.Methods:The study comprised 258 children with bilateral otitis media with effusion; 134 were positive for H pylori stool antigen, and were equally and randomly allocated to the control group or study group. The control group received standard otitis media with effusion therapy (amoxicillin and clavulanate), while the study group received standard H pylori triple therapy (clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole).Results:In the control group, there was a marked clinical response to treatment in 33 of the 67 children (49.3 per cent). In the study group, there was a marked response in a significantly higher number of children (46 out of 67, 68.7 per cent). The 124 H pylori stool antigen negative children not included in the 2 aforementioned groups received amoxicillin and clavulanate, and a marked response in symptoms was evident in 98 of these children (79 per cent).Conclusion:H pylori infection may lead to resistance to traditional otitis media with effusion treatment in some cases. H pylori eradication is associated with a high cure rate.
Effects of parallel sound wave damping and drift kinetic damping on the resistive wall mode stability with various plasma rotation profiles
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Yue 
Published: August 2015

The effect of a parallel viscous force induced damping and the magnetic precessional drift resonance induced damping on the stability of the resistive wall mode (RWM) is numerically investigated for one of the advanced steady-state scenarios in international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). The key element of the investigation is to study how different plasma rotation profiles affect the stability prediction. The single-fluid, toroidal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code MARS-F (Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 7, 2000, p. 3681) and the MHD–kinetic hybrid code MARS-K (Liu et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 15, 2008, 112503) are used for this purpose. Three extreme rotation profiles are considered: (a) a uniform profile with no shear, (b) a profile with negative flow shear at the $q=2$ rational surface ($q$ is the equilibrium safety factor), and (c) a profile with positive shear at $q=2$. The parallel viscous force is found to be effective for the mode stabilization at high plasma flow speed (about a few percent of the Alfven speed) for the no shear flow profile and the negative shear flow profile, but the stable domain does not appear with the positive shear flow profile. The predicted eigenmode structure is different with different rotation profiles. With a self-consistent inclusion of the magnetic precession drift resonance of thermal particles in MARS-K computations, a lower critical flow speed, i.e. the minimum speed needed for full suppression of the mode, is obtained. Likewise the eigenmode structure is also modified by different rotation profiles in the kinetic results.
Expression and characterization of a phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene inSchistosoma japonicum
Authors: ZHANG YING , HE YUAN , HE LI , ZONG HONGYING , CAI GUOBIN 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYPhospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) is a major antioxidant enzyme, which plays unique roles in the protection of cells against oxidative stress by catalysing reduction of lipid hydroperoxides. We isolated and characterized a full-length cDNA sequence encodingGPxgene from a blood fluke,Schistosoma japonicum(designatedSjGPx), which contained an in-frame TGA codon for selenocysteine (Sec) and a concurrent Sec insertion sequence in its 3′-untranslated region. Protein encoded bySjGPxdemonstrated a primary structure characteristic to the PHGPx family, including preservation of catalytic domains and absence of the subunit interaction domains. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting showed that the SjGPx was mainly expressed in the female adults and eggs. RNA interference approach was employed to investigate the effects of knockdown ofSjGPx. SjGPx expression level was significantly reduced on the 5th day post-RNAi. Significantly reduction in GPx enzyme activities, as well as obvious changes in morphology of intrauterine eggs followed the reduction inSjGPxtranscript level. We observed a 63·04% reduction in GPx activity and the eggs severely deformed. Our results revealed that SjGPx protein might be involved in the provision of enzyme activity during egg production.
Energy outlook for the Arctic: 2020 and beyond
Authors: Ermida Graça 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTAt least four littoral countries have Arctic strategies that address energy issues. However, US, Canada, Russia and Norway strategies up to 2020 and beyond, reveal different interests in exploring Arctic resources. While Arctic oil and gas are of strategic importance to Russia and to Norway, Canada and the US seem content with continuing their current extraction predominantly south of the Arctic Circle. Despite the different approaches, the outcomes seem strangely similar. Indeed, despite the hype concerning the Arctic in the last decade, and for very diverse reasons, it is unlikely that any of these four countries will increase hydrocarbon production in the Arctic during the period under analysis. This was true even before the recent drop in oil prices. For all its potential, it is unclear what lies ahead for the region.
The role of conduct disorder in the relationship between alcohol, nicotine and cannabis use disorders
Authors: Grant J. D. , Lynskey M. T. , Madden P. A. F. , Nelson E. C. , Few L. R. , Bucholz K. K. , Statham D. J. , Martin N. G. , Heath A. C. , Agrawal A. 
Published: August 2015

Background.Genetic influences contribute significantly to co-morbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorders. Estimating the extent of overlap can assist in the development of phenotypes for genomic analyses.Method.Multivariate quantitative genetic analyses were conducted using data from 9577 individuals, including 3982 complete twin pairs and 1613 individuals whose co-twin was not interviewed (aged 24–37 years) from two Australian twin samples. Analyses examined the genetic correlation between alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence and cannabis abuse/dependence and the extent to which the correlations were attributable to genetic influences shared with conduct disorder.Results.Additive genetic (a2 = 0.48–0.65) and non-shared environmental factors explained variance in substance use disorders. Familial effects on conduct disorder were due to additive genetic (a2 = 0.39) and shared environmental (c2 = 0.15) factors. All substance use disorders were influenced by shared genetic factors (rg = 0.38–0.56), with all genetic overlap between substances attributable to genetic influences shared with conduct disorder. Genes influencing individual substance use disorders were also significant, explaining 40–73% of the genetic variance per substance.Conclusions.Among substance users in this sample, the well-documented clinical co-morbidity between conduct disorder and substance use disorders is primarily attributable to shared genetic liability. Interventions targeted at generally reducing deviant behaviors may address the risk posed by this shared genetic liability. However, there is also evidence for genetic and environmental influences specific to each substance. The identification of these substance-specific risk factors (as well as potential protective factors) is critical to the future development of targeted treatment protocols.
Aid, ethics, and the Samaritan's dilemma: strategic courage in constitutional entrepreneurship
Authors: SKARBEK EMILY C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrivate constitutional rules can mitigate the Samaritan's Dilemma, a widespread cause of failure of aid and humanitarian efforts. To understand how private organizations can adopt rules that help overcome this dilemma, I provide evidence on an association formed to govern poor relief in urban Chicago from the 1850s to 1880s. I show how a particular set of shared ethical values led to the adoption of constitutional rules governing the organization. I then show that these rules were specific in their ability to mitigate the Samaritan's Dilemma problem inherent to administering aid. The argument advances the understanding of private institutional structures by demonstrating how rules can be designed in the private spheres to solve specific social dilemmas that plague state-led efforts to achieve similar goals.
Sexual violence, health and humanitarian ethics: Towards a holistic, person-centred approach
Authors: Bouvier Paul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSexual violence and rape in armed conflicts are widespread phenomena, with devastating consequences. Over the last thirty years, our understanding of these phenomena has significantly improved. Today humanitarian and health professionals understand better the reality, scale and impact of sexual violence on the personal, physical, social and mental health of individuals and communities. Rape is recognized to have a dehumanizing effect, as much as torture or mass violence. Major efforts are put into providing an effective and ethical response, with respect and sympathy to the survivors. Health and humanitarian assistance contribute to the healing and resilience of survivors and communities. Looking forward, programmes must be centred on the person, promoting their autonomy and dignity, and integrating medical, psychosocial and socio-economical responses.
Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations
Authors: Hayes M. Geoffrey , Urbanek Margrit , Ehrmann David A. , Armstrong Loren L. , Lee Ji Young , Sisk Ryan , Karaderi Tugce , Barber Thomas M. , McCarthy Mark I. , Franks Stephen , Lindgren Cecilia M. , Welt Corrine K. , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Panidis Dimitrios , Goodarzi Mark O. , Azziz Ricardo , Zhang Yi , James Roland G. , Olivier Michael , Kissebah Ahmed H. ,   Reproductive Medicine Network, Alvero Ruben , Barnhart Huiman X. , Baker Valerie , Barnhart Kurt T. , Bates G. Wright , Brzyski Robert G. , Carr Bruce R. , Carson Sandra A. , Casson Peter , Cataldo Nicholas A. , Christman Gregory , Coutifaris Christos , Diamond Michael P. , Eisenberg Esther , Gosman Gabriella G. , Giudice Linda C. , Haisenleder Daniel J. , Huang Hao , Krawetz Stephen A. , Lucidi Scott , McGovern Peter G. , Myers Evan R. , Nestler John E. , Ohl Dana , Santoro Nanette , Schlaff William D. , Snyder Peter , Steinkampf Michael P. , Trussell J. C. , Usadi Rebecca , Yan Qingshang , Zhang Heping , Stener-Victorin Elisabet , Legro Richard S. , Dunaif Andrea 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, highly heritable complex disorder of unknown aetiology characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation and defects in glucose homeostasis. Increased luteinizing hormone relative to follicle-stimulating hormone secretion, insulin resistance and developmental exposure to androgens are hypothesized to play a causal role in PCOS. Here we map common genetic susceptibility loci in European ancestry women for the National Institutes of Health PCOS phenotype, which confers the highest risk for metabolic morbidities, as well as reproductive hormone levels. Three loci reach genome-wide significance in the case–control meta-analysis, two novel loci mapping to chr 8p23.1 and chr 11p14.1, and a chr 9q22.32 locus previously found in Chinese PCOS. The same chr 11p14.1 SNP, rs11031006, in the region of the follicle-stimulating hormone B polypeptide (FSHB) gene strongly associates with PCOS diagnosis and luteinizing hormone levels. These findings implicate neuroendocrine changes in disease pathogenesis.
Earliest modern human-like hand bone from a new >1.84-million-year-old site at Olduvai in Tanzania
Authors: Domínguez-Rodrigo Manuel , Pickering Travis Rayne , Almécija Sergio , Heaton Jason L. , Baquedano Enrique , Mabulla Audax , Uribelarrea David 
Published: August 2015

AbstractModern humans are characterized by specialized hand morphology that is associated with advanced manipulative skills. Thus, there is important debate in paleoanthropology about the possible cause–effect relationship of this modern human-like (MHL) hand anatomy, its associated grips and the invention and use of stone tools by early hominins. Here we describe and analyse Olduvai Hominin (OH) 86, a manual proximal phalanx from the recently discovered >1.84-million-year-old (Ma) Philip Tobias Korongo (PTK) site at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania). OH 86 represents the earliest MHL hand bone in the fossil record, of a size and shape that differs not only from all australopiths, but also from the phalangeal bones of the penecontemporaneous and geographically proximate OH 7 partial hand skeleton (part of the Homo habilis holotype). The discovery of OH 86 suggests that a hominin with a more MHL postcranium co-existed with Paranthropus boisei and Homo habilis at Olduvai during Bed I times.
Light generation of intracellular Ca2+ signals by a genetically encoded protein BACCS
Authors: Ishii Tomohiro , Sato Koji , Kakumoto Toshiyuki , Miura Shigenori , Touhara Kazushige , Takeuchi Shoji , Nakata Takao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCa2+ signals are highly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner in numerous cellular physiological events. Here we report a genetically engineered blue light-activated Ca2+ channel switch (BACCS), as an optogenetic tool for generating Ca2+ signals. BACCS opens Ca2+-selective ORAI ion channels in response to light. A BACCS variant, dmBACCS2, combined with Drosophila Orai, elevates the Ca2+ concentration more rapidly, such that Ca2+ elevation in mammalian cells is observed within 1 s on light exposure. Using BACCSs, we successfully control cellular events including NFAT-mediated gene expression. In the mouse olfactory system, BACCS mediates light-dependent electrophysiological responses. Furthermore, we generate BACCS mutants, which exhibit fast and slow recovery of intracellular Ca2+. Thus, BACCSs are a useful optogenetic tool for generating temporally various intracellular Ca2+ signals with a large dynamic range, and will be applicable to both in vitro and in vivo studies.
BMP signalling differentially regulates distinct haematopoietic stem cell types
Authors: Crisan Mihaela , Kartalaei Parham Solaimani , Vink Chris S. , Yamada-Inagawa Tomoko , Bollerot Karine , van IJcken Wilfred , van der Linden Reinier , de Sousa Lopes Susana M. Chuva , Monteiro Rui , Mummery Christine , Dzierzak Elaine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAdult haematopoiesis is the outcome of distinct haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) subtypes with self-renewable repopulating ability, but with different haematopoietic cell lineage outputs. The molecular basis for this heterogeneity is largely unknown. BMP signalling regulates HSCs as they are first generated in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region, but at later developmental stages, its role in HSCs is controversial. Here we show that HSCs in murine fetal liver and the bone marrow are of two types that can be prospectively isolated—BMP activated and non-BMP activated. Clonal transplantation demonstrates that they have distinct haematopoietic lineage outputs. Moreover, the two HSC types differ in intrinsic genetic programs, thus supporting a role for the BMP signalling axis in the regulation of HSC heterogeneity and lineage output. Our findings provide insight into the molecular control mechanisms that define HSC types and have important implications for reprogramming cells to HSC fate and treatments targeting distinct HSC types.
Broadband zero-backward and near-zero-forward scattering by metallo-dielectric core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yan , Wan Mingjie , Wu Wenyang , Chen Zhuo , Zhan Peng , Wang Zhenlin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEfficient control of optical radiation at subwavelength scales plays important roles for various applications. Dielectric nanoparticles or dielectric shells with a large refractive index of n ~ 3–4, which are only achievable for limited semiconductors, are involved in most designs so far to control the scattering by overlapping the electric and magnetic dipolar modes of the same magnitude. Here we propose a new mechanism based on the interplay between dipolar and quadrupolar resonances of different amplitudes, both magnetic and electric, to suppress the backward scattering or the forward scattering by using metallo-dielectric core-shell nanoparticles with a dielectric shell layer having a refractive index of n = 2.0. We demonstrate that broadband zero-backward or near-zero-forward scattering can be achieved by optimizing the structural parameters. We also demonstrate that the core-shell nanoparticles with identical dielectric shells but metal cores with various sizes are able to suppress the backward or forward scattering at the same wavelength, thus revealing a large tolerance to fabrication errors induced by the size distributions in the metal cores. These features make the proposed core-shell nanoparticles beyond the dipole limit more easily realized in practical experiments.
Upregulation of miR-181s reverses mesenchymal transition by targeting KPNA4 in glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Hongjun , Tao Tao , Yan Wei , Feng Yan , Wang Yongzhi , Cai Jinquan , You Yongping , Jiang Tao , Jiang Chuanlu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe goal of this work was to explore the most effective miRNAs affecting glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) phenotype transition and malignant progression. We annotated 491 TCGA samples’ miRNA expression profiles according to their mRNA-based subtypes and found that the mesenchymal tumors had significantly decreased miR-181 family expression compared with the other three subtypes while the proneural subtype harbored extremely high miR-181 family expression. Patients with high miR-181 family expression had longer overall survival (p = 0.0031). We also confirmed that NF-κB-targeting genes and the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) pathway were inversely correlated with miR-181 family expression and that the entire miR-181 family inhibited glioma cell invasion and proliferation; of these, miR-181b was the most effective suppressor. Furthermore, miR-181b was validated to suppress EMT by targeting KPNA4 and was associated with survival outcome in the TCGA and CGGA datasets and in another independent cohort. The EMT-inhibitory effect of miR-181b was lost after KPNA4 expression was restored. We also identified the antitumorigenic activity of miR-181bin vitroandin vivo. Our results showed that miR-181 family expression was closely correlated with TCGA subtypes and patients’ overall survival, indicating that miR-181b, a tumor-suppressive miRNA, could be a novel therapeutic candidate for treating gliomas.