bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of root‐end dentinal cracks in apical surgery using different dyes in conjunction with endoscopy: an experimental study
Authors: von Arx T. , Meijer J. , Borio V. , Bürgin W. , Lussi A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThe goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of different dyes in detecting root‐end dentinal cracks in conjunction with apical surgery.Material and methodsSixty‐five extracted human molars were root canal treated, root‐end resected and then allocated to four dye groups (methylene blue, fluoresceine, indocyanine green and trypan blue). Root‐end surfaces were inspected with endoscopy, and location and type of cracks were noted. Following root duplication, the procedure was repeated with scanning electron microscopy. Accuracies of crack detection were determined per dye group and statistically compared.ResultsScanning electron microscopy revealed a total of 291 dentinal cracks of which 78.3% were correctly identified with endoscopy. The highest rate of correct crack identification (true positives) was observed in the methylene blue group (83.0%). However, no statistically significant differences were observed when comparing the proportions of the different dye groups. With regard to false positives, fluoresceine (35.9%) showed significantly (P < 0.01) more false cracks compared with methylene blue (8.6%) and trypan blue (18.2%), respectively. Relating true to false positives, methylene blue (90.7%) demonstrated a significantly (P < 0.01) higher accuracy rate than fluoresceine (58.8%) and indocyanine green (69.4%), respectively. The highest rate of missed cracks was found in the trypan blue group (20.3%), whereas no cracks were missed in the indocyanine green group. The latter proved significantly different (P < 0.01) compared with all other tested dyes.ConclusionsMethylene blue appeared to be superior to the other evaluated dyes relating true positives to false positives.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the gingival mucosa with three recurrences over a 27 year period
Authors: Gkouveris I. , Tosios K.I. , Nikitakis N. , Sklavounou A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a group of rare and enigmatic disorders of the reticuloendothelial system characterised by abnormal, possibly neoplastic, proliferation of Langerhans cells. Oral lesions, in particular osteolytic lesions of the jaws, may be the primary or the sole manifestation of the disease. A 44 year old woman with a history of eosinophilic granuloma on the lower left canine region excised 25 years ago presented with an asymptomatic, ulcerated gingival lesion, extending lingual and distal to the right mandibular second premolar tooth, which was noticed approximately 6 months ago. The underlying bone was not involved. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination showed an LCH, consistent with eosinophilic granuloma. Radiotherapy was given, and 10 months later she developed three small painful ulcers located on the palatal gingivae around the right canine, between the second premolar and first molar, and around the right third molar, also diagnosed as eosinophilic granuloma. Eosinophilic granuloma may present in the gingival mucosa, in the absence of bone involvement, and may run a protracted course with remissions, reactivation and progression from single system to multi‐system involvement. Therefore, long‐term periodical follow‐up and restaging is mandatory. The presence of a high proportion of plasma cells expressing lambda‐light chains may cause a diagnostic dilemma with plasma cell malignancy would be interesting to be evaluated in additional cases.
Anatomical Mapping for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Head‐to‐Head Comparison of Ultrasound‐Assisted Reconstruction versus Fast Anatomical Mapping
Authors: RORDORF ROBERTO , CHIEFFO ENRICO , SAVASTANO SIMONE , VICENTINI ALESSANDRO , PETRACCI BARBARA , DE REGIBUS VALENTINA , VALENTINI ADELE , KLERSY CATHERINE , DORE ROBERTO , LANDOLINA MAURIZIO 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAccuracy in left atrial (LA) anatomical reconstruction is crucial to the safe and effective performance of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of LA reconstruction performed with intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) as compared to fast anatomical mapping (FAM) both integrated in the CARTO mapping system (Biosense Webster, Diamond Bar, CA, USA).MethodsA multislice computed tomography (MSCT) was preacquired from 29 patients with AF who underwent catheter ablation and 3D‐LA geometry was reconstructed using both ICE and FAM separately. The accuracy of the LA anatomical definition was evaluated by comparing LA volumes, LA and pulmonary vein (PV) diameters obtained using ICE and FAM versus MSCT (gold standard).ResultsAnterior‐posterior and superior‐inferior LA diameters were shorter in ICE versus MSCT (32 ± 10 vs 46 ± 9 mm and 48 ± 7 vs 53 ± 7 mm, P < 0.01) but similar in FAM versus MSCT (45 ± 9 vs 46 ± 9 mm and 52 ± 10 vs 53 ± 7 mm). Latero‐septal LA diameter was similar in ICE versus MSCT (63 ± 11 vs 63 ± 9 mm) but larger in FAM versus MSCT (69 ± 9 vs 63 ± 9 mm, P < 0.001). LA volume was lower in ICE versus MSCT (73 ± 30 mL vs 116 ± 45 mL, P < 0.0001) and slightly larger in FAM versus MSCT (132 ± 45 vs 116 ± 45 mL, P = 0.06). PV diameters were similar in FAM versus MSCT but significantly underestimated with ICE.ConclusionsOverall accuracy in the LA and PV anatomical reconstruction was found to be superior with FAM compared to ICE‐guided approach. ICE resulted in a significant underestimate of both LA and PV dimensions, while FAM slightly overestimated LA geometry.
Microrelief suppresses large wrinkling appearance: an in silico study
Authors: Shiihara Y. , Sato M. , Hara Y. , Iwai I. , Yoshikawa N. 
Published: December 2014

Background and purposeExtensive skin wrinkling during facial expressions is one of the considerable problems in aesthetic dermatology. Although a few in silico studies have been performed with the aim of revealing the mechanism of a wrinkled appearance, there have been few studies that take into account the influence of skin roughness (i.e. microrelief), which exists on human skin in vivo. In this study, finite element simulations were performed using multilayer skin models with microrelief to investigate how extensive wrinkling appears on human skin, especially focusing on the role of surface roughness in the wrinkling mechanism.MethodsLinear and post‐buckling analyses were performed on soft elastic laminate models using the finite element method. A simplified multilayer model of human skin was employed to examine the contribution of skin's multilayer structure to the large‐wrinkle mechanism. Microrelief was included in the model to assess its effect on the mechanism.ResultsA large wrinkle was observed as dermal buckling following a number of buckling events on the stratum corneum. The existence of microrelief had an effect on the suppression of dermal buckling.ConclusionSkin's multilayer structure should play a major role in the appearance of large wrinkles on human skin via its post‐buckling behavior. This study suggested that fine microrelief on the skin surface hampers large wrinkles. These findings should be valuable for the development of cosmetic or medical treatments to prevent unfavorable skin deformations.
New Tricks from an Old Cow: Infective Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae
Authors: Jordal Stina , Glambek Marte , Oppegaard Oddvar , Kittang Bård Reiakvam 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

We present a case of infective endocarditis caused by
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subsp.
dysgalactiae
, a major cause of bovine mastitis and previously thought to be an animal-restricted pathogen. The patient reported no direct contact with animals, and the clinical course was severe and complicated.
Novel Mechanism of Regulation of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Replication by Cellular WW-Domain Proteins
Authors: Barajas Daniel , Kovalev Nikolay , Qin Jun , Nagy Peter D. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
Replication of (+)RNA viruses depends on several co-opted host proteins but is also under the control of cell-intrinsic restriction factors (CIRFs). By using tombusviruses, small model viruses of plants, we dissect the mechanism of inhibition of viral replication by cellular WW-domain-containing proteins, which act as CIRFs. By using fusion proteins between the WW domain and the p33 replication protein, we show that the WW domain inhibits the ability of p33 to bind to the viral RNA and to other p33 and p92 replication proteins leading to inhibition of viral replication in yeast and in a cell extract. Overexpression of WW-domain protein in yeast also leads to reduction of several co-opted host factors in the viral replicase complex (VRC). These host proteins, such as eEF1A, Cdc34 E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and ESCRT proteins (Bro1p and Vps4p), are known to be involved in VRC assembly. Simultaneous coexpression of proviral cellular factors with WW-domain protein partly neutralizes the inhibitory effect of the WW-domain protein. We propose that cellular WW-domain proteins act as CIRFs and also as regulators of tombusvirus replication by inhibiting the assembly of new membrane-bound VRCs at the late stage of infection. We suggest that tombusviruses could sense the status of the infected cells via the availability of cellular susceptibility factors versus WW-domain proteins for binding to p33 replication protein that ultimately controls the formation of new VRCs. This regulatory mechanism might explain how tombusviruses could adjust the efficiency of RNA replication to the limiting resources of the host cells during infections.

IMPORTANCE
Replication of positive-stranded RNA viruses, which are major pathogens of plants, animals, and humans, is inhibited by several cell-intrinsic restriction factors (CIRFs) in infected cells. We define here the inhibitory roles of the cellular Rsp5 ubiquitin ligase and its WW domain in plant-infecting tombusvirus replication in yeast cells and
in vitro
using purified components. The WW domain of Rsp5 binds to the viral RNA-binding sites of p33 and p92 replication proteins and blocks the ability of these viral proteins to use the viral RNA for replication. The WW domain also interferes with the interaction (oligomerization) of p33 and p92 that is needed for the assembly of the viral replicase. Moreover, WW domain also inhibits the subversion of several cellular proteins into the viral replicase, which otherwise play proviral roles in replication. Altogether, Rsp5 is a CIRF against a tombusvirus, and it possibly has a regulatory function during viral replication in infected cells.
Generation and Evaluation of Clade C Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Challenge Stocks
Authors: Chang Hui-Wen , Tartaglia Lawrence J. , Whitney James B. , Lim So-Yon , Sanisetty Srisowmya , Lavine Christy L. , Seaman Michael S. , Rademeyer Cecelia , Williamson Carolyn , Ellingson-Strouss Katharine , Stamatatos Leonidas , Kublin James , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

The development of a panel of mucosally transmissible simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge stocks from multiple virus clades would facilitate preclinical evaluation of candidate HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutics. The majority of SHIV stocks that have been generated to date have been derived from clade B HIV-1
env
sequences from viruses isolated during chronic infection and typically required serial animal-to-animal adaptation for establishing mucosal transmissibility and pathogenicity. To capture essential features of mucosal transmission of clade C viruses, we produced a series of SHIVs with early clade C HIV-1
env
sequences from acutely HIV-1-infected individuals from South Africa. SHIV-327c and SHIV-327cRM expressed
env
sequences that were 99.7 to 100% identical to the original HIV-1 isolate and did not require
in vivo
passaging for mucosal infectivity. These challenge stocks infected rhesus monkeys efficiently by both intrarectal and intravaginal routes, replicated to high levels during acute infection, and established chronic setpoint viremia in 13 of 17 (76%) infected animals. The SHIV-327cRM challenge stock was also titrated for both single, high-dose intrarectal challenges and repetitive, low-dose intrarectal challenges in rhesus monkeys. These SHIV challenge stocks should facilitate the preclinical evaluation of vaccines and other interventions aimed at preventing clade C HIV-1 infection.

IMPORTANCE
We describe the development of two related clade C SHIV challenge stocks. These challenge stocks should prove useful for preclinical testing of vaccines and other interventions aimed at preventing clade C HIV-1 infection.
Impact of California firearms sales laws and dealer regulations on the illegal diversion of guns
Authors: Pierce Glenn L , Braga Anthony A , Wintemute Garen J 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe available evidence suggests that more restrictive state firearm sales laws can reduce criminal access to guns. California has firearm-related laws that are more stringent than many other states and regulates its retail firearms dealers to a unique degree. This research seeks to examine the effect of more restrictive state gun laws and regulations on the illegal diversion of guns to criminals.DesignSurvival analyses are used to determine whether state firearm sales laws, particularly California's legal context and regulatory regime, impact the distribution of time-to-crime of recovered firearms in that state relative to other US states.SettingUSA.Subjects225 392 traced firearms, where the first retail purchasers and the gun possessors were different individuals, recovered by law enforcement agencies between 2003 and 2006.ResultsThe increased stringency of state-level firearms laws and regulations leads to consistently older firearms being recovered. California was associated with the oldest recovered crime guns compared with guns associated with other states. These patterns persisted regardless of whether firearms were first purchased within the recovery state or in another state.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that more restrictive gun sales laws and gun dealer regulations do make it more difficult for criminals to acquire new guns first purchased at retail outlets.
SEER Cancer Registry Biospecimen Research: Yesterday and Tomorrow
Authors: Altekruse Sean F. , Rosenfeld Gabriel E. , Carrick Danielle M. , Pressman Emilee J. , Schully Sheri D. , Mechanic Leah E. , Cronin Kathleen A. , Hernandez Brenda Y. , Lynch Charles F. , Cozen Wendy , Khoury Muin J. , Penberthy Lynne T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries have been a source of biospecimens for cancer research for decades. Recently, registry-based biospecimen studies have become more practical, with the expansion of electronic networks for pathology and medical record reporting. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens are now used for next-generation sequencing and other molecular techniques. These developments create new opportunities for SEER biospecimen research. We evaluated 31 research articles published during 2005 to 2013 based on authors' confirmation that these studies involved linkage of SEER data to biospecimens. Rather than providing an exhaustive review of all possible articles, our intent was to indicate the breadth of research made possible by such a resource. We also summarize responses to a 2012 questionnaire that was broadly distributed to the NCI intra- and extramural biospecimen research community. This included responses from 30 investigators who had used SEER biospecimens in their research. The survey was not intended to be a systematic sample, but instead to provide anecdotal insight on strengths, limitations, and the future of SEER biospecimen research. Identified strengths of this research resource include biospecimen availability, cost, and annotation of data, including demographic information, stage, and survival. Shortcomings include limited annotation of clinical attributes such as detailed chemotherapy history and recurrence, and timeliness of turnaround following biospecimen requests. A review of selected SEER biospecimen articles, investigator feedback, and technological advances reinforced our view that SEER biospecimen resources should be developed. This would advance cancer biology, etiology, and personalized therapy research.See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Biomarkers, Biospecimens, and New Technologies in Molecular Epidemiology.”Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2681–7. ©2014 AACR.
Comparison between Observed and Model-Simulated Atmospheric Circulation Patterns Associated with Extreme Temperature Days over North America Using CMIP5 Historical Simulations
Authors: Loikith Paul C. , Broccoli Anthony J. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Circulation patterns associated with extreme temperature days over North America, as simulated by a suite of climate models, are compared with those obtained from observations. The authors analyze 17 coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models contributing to the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Circulation patterns are defined as composites of anomalies in sea level pressure and 500-hPa geopotential height concurrent with days in the tails of temperature distribution. Several metrics used to systematically describe circulation patterns associated with extreme temperature days are applied to both the observed and model-simulated data. Additionally, self-organizing maps are employed as a means of comparing observed and model-simulated circulation patterns across the North American domain. In general, the multimodel ensemble resembles the observed patterns well, especially in areas removed from complex geographic features (e.g., mountains and coastlines). Individual model results vary; however, the majority of models capture the major features observed. The multimodel ensemble captures several key features, including regional variations in the strength and orientation of atmospheric circulation patterns associated with extreme temperatures, both near the surface and aloft, as well as variations with latitude and season. The results from this work suggest that these models can be used to comprehensively examine the role that changes in atmospheric circulation will play in projected changes in temperature extremes because of future anthropogenic climate warming.
Assessment of brain midline shift using sonography in neurosurgical ICU patients
Authors: Motuel Julie , Biette Isaure , Srairi Mohamed , Mrozek Ségolène , Kurrek Matt M , Chaynes Patrick , Cognard Christophe , Fourcade Olivier , Geeraerts Thomas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Brain midline shift (MLS) is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to validate bedside assessment of MLS with Transcranial Sonography (TCS) in neurosurgical ICU patients by comparing it to CT.

Methods
In this prospective single centre study, patients who underwent a head CT were included and a concomitant TCS performed. TCS MLS was determined by measuring the difference between the distance from skull to the third ventricle on both sides, using a 2 to 4 MHz probe through the temporal window. CT MLS was measured as the difference between the ideal midline and the septum pellucidum. A significant MLS was defined on head CT as >0.5 cm.

Results
A total of 52 neurosurgical ICU patients were included. The MLS (mean ± SD) was 0.32 ± 0.36 cm using TCS and 0.47 ± 0.67 cm using CT. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r2) between TCS and CT scan was 0.65 (P <0.001). The bias was 0.09 cm and the limits of agreements were 1.10 and -0.92 cm. The area under the ROC curve for detecting a significant MLS with TCS was 0.86 (95% CI =0.74 to 0.94), and, using 0.35 cm as a cut-off, the sensitivity was 84.2%, the specificity 84.8% and the positive likelihood ratio was 5.56.

Conclusions
This study suggests that TCS could detect MLS with reasonable accuracy in neurosurgical ICU patients and that it could serve as a bedside tool to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment for patients with a significant intracranial mass effect.
Methylglyoxal as a new biomarker in patients with septic shock: an observational clinical study
Authors: Brenner Thorsten , Fleming Thomas , Uhle Florian , Silaff Stephan , Schmitt Felix , Salgado Eduardo , Ulrich Alexis , Zimmermann Stefan , Bruckner Thomas , Martin Eike , Bierhaus Angelika , Nawroth Peter P , Weigand Markus A , Hofer Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The role of reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal (MG), has been overlooked within the context of the sepsis syndrome. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of MG formation in different inflammatory settings and to evaluate its use for early diagnosis as well as prognosis of the sepsis syndrome.

Methods
In total, 120 patients in three groups were enrolled in this observational clinical pilot study. The three groups included patients with septic shock (n = 60), postoperative controls (n = 30), and healthy volunteers (n = 30). Plasma samples from patients with septic shock were collected at sepsis onset and after 24 hours and 4, 7, 14, and 28 days. Plasma samples from postoperative controls were collected prior to surgery, immediately following the end of the surgical procedure as well as 24 hours later and from healthy volunteers once. Plasma levels of MG were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, plasma levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, soluble CD14 subtype, and interleukin-6 were determined.

Results
Patients with septic shock showed significantly higher plasma levels of MG at all measured times, compared with postoperative controls. MG was found to identify patients with septic shock more effectively—area under the curve (AUC): 0.993—than procalcitonin (AUC: 0.844), C-reactive protein (AUC: 0.791), soluble CD14 subtype (AUC: 0.832), and interleukin-6 (AUC: 0.898) as assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Moreover, plasma levels of MG in non-survivors were significantly higher than in survivors (sepsis onset: *P = 0.018 for 90-day survival; **P = 0.008 for 28-day survival). Plasma levels of MG proved to be an early predictor for survival in patients with septic shock (sepsis onset: ROC-AUC 0.710 for 28-day survival; ROC-AUC 0.686 for 90-day survival).

Conclusions
MG was identified as a marker for monitoring the onset, development, and remission of sepsis and was found to be more useful than routine diagnostic markers. Further studies are required to determine the extent of MG modification in sepsis and whether targeting this pathway could be therapeutically beneficial to the patient.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00000505. Registered 8 November 2010.