bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sliding mode disturbance compensated speed control for PMSM based on an advanced reaching law
Authors: Chen Chengming , Xie Zhizhong , Wang Xuan , Lei Zhengling , Shangguan Chunxia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAddressing the sensitivity of permanent magnet synchronous motors to external disturbances, a novel sliding mode control (NSMC) strategy is proposed to suppress sliding mode jitter and enhance speed regulation performance. First, an advanced nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (ANFTSM) surface and a new adaptive power rate reaching law (NAPRRL) were developed. A new switching function replaces the conventional sign function to enhance the system's disturbance immunity and dynamic response speed. Then, the system's anti‐interference performance was further enhanced by introducing an improved novel sliding mode observer (INSMO) for feedback compensation of the aggregate disturbance. Finally, MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental validations demonstrate that the NSMC control strategy exhibits superior performance in both the start‐up response and load disturbance phases, with enhanced dither resistance, rapid dynamic response, and disturbance suppression capabilities.
Experimental comparison of solar‐powered adsorption‐based atmospheric water harvesting using air‐to‐air & water‐to‐air heat exchanger for condensation
Authors: Agrawal Anshu , Kumar Amit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdsorption‐focused technologies for atmospheric water harvesting is of great importance. Most of the available systems in the literature use glass as a condenser, which gets heated up. This restricts vapor condensation to harvest less water and hampers the system's scalability. The effectiveness of the proposed solar atmospheric water harvesting system, which uses an air‐to‐air fin‐tube heat exchanger to condense the vapors, is experimentally evaluated in this work. In order to assess the system's effectiveness using a water‐to‐air fin‐tube heat exchanger, a comparison study is also carried out. The experimental setup consists of evacuated tube solar air heater having 8.46 m2 area and 15 kg silica gel adsorbent. The performance metrics for comparison include adsorption & regeneration rate, thermal, overall and exergy efficiency, along with economic analyses. The system harvests 1890 mL/day of water using air‐to‐air heat exchanger at cost of 0.19 $/l, achieving thermal, overall & exergy efficiencies of 21.66%, 2.24%, and 6.51%, respectively. On the other hand, the water‐to‐air heat exchanger based system harvests maximum of 2680 mL/day of water at a cost of 0.14 $/l, achieving thermal, overall & exergy efficiencies of 25.65%, 3.34%, and 9.13%, respectively. Moreover, the produced water is confirmed to be safe for consumption.
Divergent changes in microbial communities and nutrients upon forest floor humus layer of the sandy Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in northeast of China
Authors: Wu Mengge , Cheng Zhiping , Jing Chunlin , Yan Lingyu , Meng Deling , Zhu Wenxu , Wei Yawei , Chen Zhenju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe sandy Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation which is the boundary part of the Three North Shelterbelt Project in Northeast China has been well protected and prohibited disturbance for more than 10 years and thus bring about lots of forest floor litter and then humus layer (complete decomposed aboveground litter and not mixed into surface soil) during this restoration process. While humus layer accumulation could change the interface between litter and soil, its effects on litter and soil, and especially the interaction among them, were still poorly understood. Hence, three different treatments that included remove all forest floor litter and humus, double forest floor litter and humus layer, and retain forest floor litter and humus original (no treatment) were conducted, and the physicochemistry properties and microbial communities were monitored. Results showed that the humus layer increased forest floor litter decomposition rate and its total carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus significantly, while it changed soil pH and nutrients differently and slightly. The abundances of bacterial groups at different taxonomic levels increased while its diversity indexes decreased in litter when the humus layer existed; however, the fungi community both in litter and soil varied insignificantly. The humus layer not only increased remarkably the proportions of common OTUs between humus and litter, humus and soil compared to litter and soil both for fungi and bacteria but also decreased the differences of the number of fungal and bacterial taxa statistics between litter and soil. It implied that the humus layer could play an important role in the recovery process of degraded forest ecosystem.
Reliability of ultrasound real‐time tissue elastography in evaluating swallowing‐related muscle elasticity and effects of swallowing exercises
Authors: Ota Tetsuo , Madokoro Sachiko , Shimizu Koshi , Yoneda Mitsugu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionEvaluating swallowing function, essential for eating, is necessary to detect functional decline, enabling the provision of effective interventions. There is a growing demand for a simple method for evaluating swallowing dynamics. Conventional methods of evaluating swallowing function, such as the fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing or videofluoroscopic swallowing study, are highly invasive and require specific equipment only available at certain hospitals, making it difficult for older adults to receive convenient evaluations. Therefore, we used ultrasound real‐time tissue elastography (RTE), a low‐invasive method, to evaluate tissue elasticity as the strain ratio (SR). This study primarily aimed to verify whether RTE can evaluate the elasticity of swallowing‐related muscles (SRMs) and determine intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities. The secondary aim was to investigate the effect of swallowing exercises, such as head‐lifting exercises, on SRM elasticity.MethodsIntraclass correlation coefficients for SR were calculated using ultrasound B‐mode images to determine the reliability of SRM elasticity. SRs before and after the Shaker swallowing exercise were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsHigh ICCs for intra‐ and inter‐rater reliabilities were obtained for all targeted SRMs. SR after the Shaker exercise indicated a significant decrease in the geniohyoid muscle and both sides of the digastric muscles, whereas both sides of the masseter exhibited no changes.ConclusionRTE can be used as a novel simple and non‐invasive method for assessing and capturing differences in SRs of SRMs after light exercise. Further research may develop a relationship with swallowing function in patients with dysphagia or older individuals.
Die Institutionalisierung von Klimaräten durch Klimaschutzgesetzgebung
Authors: Schatz Valentin , Newig Jens , Pfeffer Janosch 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Rolle von klimapolitischen Beratungsgremien (zusammenfassend als
Klimaräte bezeichnet) bei der Umsetzung von Klimaschutzzielen und -gesetzen. Er bietet zunächst
aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive einen konzeptionellen Überblick über solche Klimaräte,
ihre Funktionen und die Möglichkeit, sie als partizipative und deliberative Institutionen auszugestalten.
Im Anschluss unternimmt der Beitrag eine vergleichende rechtliche Analyse der Klimaräte, die auf den
Ebenen der Europäischen Union, des Bundes und der Länder in Klimaschutzgesetzen institutionalisiert
wurden. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf den Funktionen, der Zusammensetzung und den Aufgaben dieser Gremien.
Im Ergebnis nehmen sowohl die Zahl als auch der Grad der Institutionalisierung von Klimaräten zu. Es
verbleiben aber insbesondere auf Bundes- und, in noch größerem Umfang, auf Landesebene ungenutzte
Potenziale, was die institutionalisierte Einbindung der Klimaräte in die Klima-Governance und die Integration
stärker partizipativ-deliberativ ausgestalteter Formate angeht.
Controlling changes caused by holes by adding fibers to composite concrete components
Authors: Fathi Hamoon , Jannaty Mohammad Hemen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCrack propagation can be affected by the holes of the placement of rebars in the reinforced concrete and the resulting changes in the homogeneous structure of concrete. This experimental study aimed at investigating the fiber self-compacting concrete failure and crack propagation in concrete specimens with circular central holes and contain 2, 4, and 8 fiber percentages. The crack propagation mechanisms under the uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete were studied by investigating the holes created by rebars buried in the reinforced concrete. Three concrete mix designs with different compressive strengths of 27, 30, and 33 MPa were used for detailed analysis of the fiber concrete behavior by 224 standard 150 mm cubic specimens. The results showed the insignificant impact of small holes with an approximate area of 1.4% of the specimen surface area on the failure structure so that crack propagation in this case was similar to that occurred in the hole-free concrete. The compressive strength of concrete decreased, by increasing the crack prorogation around the holes. The compressive strength of the concrete may be reduced significantly by increasing the hole diameter. Taking into account these factors in the design of the connection core can reduce the compressive strength of concrete by 30% depending on the rebar grid.
Inflammation in the COVID-19 airway is due to inhibition of CFTR signaling by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Authors: Caohuy Hung , Eidelman Ofer , Chen Tinghua , Mungunsukh Ognoon , Yang Qingfeng , Walton Nathan I. , Pollard Bette S. , Khanal Sara , Hentschel Shannon , Florez Catalina , Herbert Andrew S. , Pollard Harvey B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSARS-CoV-2-contributes to sickness and death in COVID-19 patients partly by inducing a hyper-proinflammatory immune response in the host airway. This hyper-proinflammatory state involves activation of signaling by NFκB, and unexpectedly, ENaC, the epithelial sodium channel. Post-infection inflammation may also contribute to "Long COVID"/PASC. Enhanced signaling by NFκB and ENaC also marks the airway of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis, a life-limiting proinflammatory genetic disease due to inactivating mutations in the CFTR gene. We therefore hypothesized that inflammation in the COVID-19 airway might similarly be due to inhibition of CFTR signaling by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and therefore activation of both NFκB and ENaC signaling. We used western blot and electrophysiological techniques, and an organoid model of normal airway epithelia, differentiated on an air–liquid-interface (ALI). We found that CFTR protein expression and CFTR cAMP-activated chloride channel activity were lost when the model epithelium was exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. As hypothesized, the absence of CFTR led to activation of both TNFα/NFκB signaling and α and γ ENaC. We had previously shown that the cardiac glycoside drugs digoxin, digitoxin and ouabain blocked interaction of spike protein and ACE2. Consistently, addition of 30 nM concentrations of the cardiac glycoside drugs, prevented loss of both CFTR protein and CFTR channel activity. ACE2 and CFTR were found to co-immunoprecipitate in both basal cells and differentiated epithelia. Thus spike-dependent CFTR loss might involve ACE2 as a bridge between Spike and CFTR. In addition, spike exposure to the epithelia resulted in failure of endosomal recycling to return CFTR to the plasma membrane. Thus, failure of CFTR recovery from endosomal recycling might be a mechanism for spike-dependent loss of CFTR. Finally, we found that authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus infection induced loss of CFTR protein, which was rescued by the cardiac glycoside drugs digitoxin and ouabain. Based on experiments with this organoid model of small airway epithelia, and comparisons with 16HBE14o- and other cell types expressing normal CFTR, we predict that inflammation in the COVID-19 airway may be mediated by inhibition of CFTR signaling by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thus inducing a cystic fibrosis-like clinical phenotype. To our knowledge this is the first time COVID-19 airway inflammation has been experimentally traced in normal subjects to a contribution from SARS-CoV-2 spike-dependent inhibition of CFTR signaling.
Automated preparation of plasma lipids, metabolites, and proteins for LC/MS-based analysis of a high-fat diet in mice
Authors: Vu Ngoc , Maile Tobias M , Gollapudi Sudha , Gaun Aleksandr , Seitzer Phillip , O’Brien Jonathon J , Hackett Sean R , Zavala-Solorio Jose , McAllister Fiona E , Kolumam Ganesh , Keyser Rob , Bennett Bryson D 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlood plasma is one of the most commonly analyzed and easily accessible biological samples. Here, we describe an automated liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) platform that generates accurate, precise, and reproducible samples for metabolomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses from a single aliquot of plasma while minimizing hands-on time and avoiding contamination from plasticware. We applied mass spectrometry to examine the metabolome, lipidome, and proteome of 90 plasma samples to determine the effects of age, time of day, and a high-fat diet in mice. From 25 μL of mouse plasma, we identified 907 lipid species from 16 different lipid classes and subclasses, 233 polar metabolites, and 344 proteins. We found that the high-fat diet induced only mild changes in the polar metabolome, upregulated Apolipoproteins, and induced substantial shifts in the lipidome, including a significant increase in arachidonic acid (AA) and a decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content across all lipid classes.
Gender variability in machine learning based subcortical neuroimaging for Parkinson’s disease diagnosis
Authors: Islam Nair Ul , Khanam Ruqaiya 
Published: July 2024

PurposeThis study evaluates machine learning (ML) classifiers for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD) using subcortical brain region data from 3D T1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI database). We aim to identify top-performing algorithms and assess gender-related differences in accuracy.Design/methodology/approachMultiple ML algorithms will be compared for their ability to classify PD vs healthy controls using MRI scans of the brain structures like the putamen, thalamus, brainstem, accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus and pallidum. Analysis will include gender-specific performance comparisons.FindingsThe study reveals that ML classifier performance in diagnosing PD varies across subcortical brain regions and shows gender differences. The Extra Trees classifier performed best in men (86.36% accuracy in the putamen), while Naive Bayes performed best in women (69.23%, amygdala). Regions like the accumbens, hippocampus and caudate showed moderate accuracy (65–70%) in men and poor performance in women. The results point out a significant gender-based performance gap, highlighting the need for gender-specific models to improve diagnostic precision across complex brain structures.Originality/valueThis study highlights the significant impact of gender on machine learning diagnosis of PD using data from subcortical brain regions. Our novel focus on these regions uncovers their diagnostic potential, improves model accuracy and emphasizes the need for gender-specific approaches in medical AI. This work could ultimately lead to earlier PD detection and more personalized treatment.
Human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational commitment in higher educational institution (HEI): a mediating role for work engagement
Authors: Sharif Shahbaz , Malik Shahab Alam , Arooj Nimra , Albadry Omaima Munawar 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the effects of HRM practices on administrative and faculty members’ work engagement and organizational commitment at Minhaj University Lahore, Pakistan. The primary objectives of the research are to investigate how HRM practices – such as selection and recruitment, training and development, rewards and compensation, job security, employee, participation and performance appraisal, directly and indirectly, influence organizational commitment via work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a quantitative research methodology using a survey questionnaire given to academic and administrative staff at Minhaj University Lahore. For descriptive statistics, SPSS was used, and Smart PLS 3.3.3 was used for structural equation modelling (SEM).

Findings
The results indicate that while selection and recruitment, rewards and compensation and job security do not show a significant direct impact, training and development, employee participation and performance appraisal significantly influence work engagement. Moreover, work engagement also influenced organizational commitment. In addition, work engagement significantly mediates the relationship between training and development, employee participation, performance appraisal and organizational commitment. However, selection and recruitment, rewards and compensation and job security do not show significant mediation effects.

Practical implications
To enhance work engagement in Pakistani HEIs, focus on tailored training, active faculty participation, effective appraisals and competitive compensation while fostering a supportive environment and recognizing accomplishments to increase commitment and institutional performance.

Originality/value
This study emphasizes the importance of particular tactics catered to the regional academic context for institutional performance and sustainability, providing novel insights into enhancing work engagement and organizational commitment in Pakistani higher education.
The mediating role of shareholders score in fostering environmental innovation through integrated reporting: insight from Japan
Authors: Dhifi Kawther , Lajnef Karima 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between integrated reporting, environmental innovation and the mediating effect of shareholder scores within the context of Japan.

Design/methodology/approach
SEM on panel data are used to study the impact of the role of shareholder scores in mediating the effect of integrated reporting on environmental innovation. This empirical study was based on a sample of 420 companies operating in Japan for the period spanning 2010 and 2022.

Findings
Drawing upon empirical results, this research uncovers the pivotal role of the shareholder's score as a mediating factor in this relationship. A higher shareholder score signifies a governance structure that values shareholder input and fairness in treatment. Empowered shareholders leverage their influence to advocate for transparent reporting practices that encompass environmental considerations. Consequently, firms with elevated shareholder scores are more inclined toward environmental innovation, aligning their strategies with sustainability imperatives.

Originality/value
The findings contribute to understanding of how corporate governance mechanisms, particularly shareholder empowerment, interact with reporting practices to drive environmental initiatives, providing valuable implications for sustainable business practices globally.
Experience design of lifestyle communities: the future of hospitality and tourism
Authors: Zhang Tingting (Christina) , Hua Nan , Heo Jaewan , Wang Youcheng , Pizam Abraham 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the experience design of the lifestyle communities in the hospitality and tourism industry. Specifically, this paper proposes a conceptual model that governs experience design in creating unique and memorable experiences for lifestyle communities.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a critical analysis of emerging phenomena, related literature and researchers’ experiences and insights.

Findings
The lifestyle community is conceptualized as a group of people who share a specific interest, value or activity and the type of its existence can be classified as physical, virtual or hybrid. As the importance of experience design has been highlighted in the hospitality and tourism industry, the study provides the guest experience design framework of lifestyle communities that suggests an operationalization of experience design that touches shared values of customers within lifestyle communities.

Research limitations/implications
This study introduces a framework that highlights the role of experience design in the development of lifestyle communities, thereby enriching the emerging body of knowledge. Additionally, the research illustrates how lifestyle communities diverge from traditional hospitality business models by using distinctive positioning strategies.

Practical implications
This study provides practical implications on how to capture the growing number of customers represented by lifestyle communities in the future. A deep understanding of frameworks may be crucial to establishing the experience design of lifestyle communities to correspond to the future of the hospitality and tourism industry.

Originality/value
This study remarks an initial attempt to provide a critical reflection of a rising contemporary issue: experience design and lifestyle communities. Conceptualization through a profound reflection of the issue offers insights to define existing phenomena and suggestions to capture future opportunities and actual management. Furthermore, future research directions in hospitality and tourism are elucidated by the provided conceptual frameworks.
Be a rainbow in own cloud: applying trait activation theory to trigger personality using conflict handling styles for intrapreneurial behaviour
Authors: Alam Muhammad Zubair , Rafiq Muhammad , Alafif Adnan , Nasir Sobia , Bashir Jawad 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Research in the field of intrapreneurial behaviour (IB) is developing in terms of the personality results of employees in various occupations. An important developing field is the study of how personality traits (PTs) influence occupational results. While previous theories like situationism focus on the impact of situations, the role of situations as a catalyst for personality in the context of IB has not been explored. Theories like person-job fit have also established the personality-job resemblance for performance measures. This paper aims to conceptualize the activation of PTs for IB responses from employees using trait activation theory (TAT).

Design/methodology/approach
The TAT explains the personality-triggering effect in diverse situations for performance measures. Plenty of research studies have established IB of employees as a performance measure at the individual level that further rejuvenates organisational performance measures. The current study aims to conceptualise how personality and situational factors interact to affect IB outcomes in firms using the TAT. Employees in different occupations utilise personality coherent conflict handling styles (CHS) to manage conflict situations, which might serve as situational cues to activate personality effects in employees engaged in IB.

Findings
A theoretical framework for understanding how situational cues activate PTs for IB development has been proposed in this study.

Practical implications
The findings of the study have repercussions for pedagogy and the practices that are currently used in human resource management.

Originality/value
The study concludes with a series of propositions by arguing and supporting literature on existing conceptions of the trait activation process. Attempting to advance the conceptualisation of TAT, the study also offered implications for theory, pedagogy and practice regarding the relationship between PTs, CHS and IB.