bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommending research articles using citation data
Authors: Vellino Andre 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical comparison between the recommendations generated by a citation-based recommender for research articles in a digital library with those produced by a user-based recommender (ExLibris “bX”).

Design/methodology/approach
– For these computer experiments 9,453 articles were randomly selected from among 6.6 M articles in a digital library as starting points for generating recommendations. The same seed articles were used to generate recommendations in both recommender systems and the resulting recommendations were compared according to the “semantic distance” between the seed articles and the recommended ones, the coverage of the recommendations and the spread in publication dates between the seed and the resulting recommendations.

Findings
– Out of the 9,453 test runs, the recommendation coverage was 30 per cent for the user-based recommender vs 24 per cent for the citation-based one. Only 12 per cent of seed articles produced recommendations with both recommenders and none of the recommended articles were the same. Both recommenders yielded recommendations with about the same semantic distance between the seed article and the recommended articles. The average differences between the publication dates of the recommended articles and the seed articles is dramatically greater for the citation-based recommender (+7.6 years) compared with the forward-looking user-based recommender.

Originality/value
– This paper reports on the only known empirical comparison between the Ex Librix “bX” recommendation system and a citation-based collaborative recommendation system. It extends prior preliminary findings with a larger data set and with an analysis of the publication dates of recommendations for each system.
College cops: a study of education and policing in California
Authors: Gardiner Christie 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the state of police education in California. There is limited national data on the topic and this study aims to improve our knowledge by studying the state with the highest number of law enforcement officers in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 162 local law enforcement agencies (police and sheriffs’ departments) in California completed a 32-question electronic survey about police education and training.

Findings
– Findings reveal that California agencies are more likely than agencies nationwide to offer incentives to encourage officers to pursue higher education. Although most departments require only a high school diploma, 35 percent of sworn officers are college graduates. Most college-educated officers are employed by medium and large sized agencies in urban counties which pay above-average salaries.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper demonstrates how the prevalence of educated police officers varies and that higher education requirements do not adversely affect the hiring of female officers. It also provides insight from police managers regarding their concerns about requiring a four-year degree and perceptions of whether college-educated officers are actually better officers than non-college-educated officers.

Practical implications
– Research findings may be instructive to police managers wanting to increase the number of sworn officers in their agency who hold a college degree.

Originality/value
– It adds to the literature by describing the education level of police officers in California and providing information about the educational requirements and incentives offered to officers by law enforcement agencies. No previous study has addressed this topic, even though California employs 12 percent of all sworn peace officers in the USA.
What police leaders learned from “Lincoln on leadership”
Authors: Vito Anthony G. , Vito Gennaro F. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– One of the most popular texts on his subject, Donald T. Phillips’ Lincoln on Leadership – Executive Strategies for Tough Times, offers a superb examination of the President’s views on how to lead an organization. The purpose of this paper is to outline Lincoln’s leadership principles (15 chapters, 126 principles), illustrated and supported by 14 stories that narrated by Lincoln himself. This analysis is based upon papers submitted by police managers who analyzed Lincoln on Leadership that considered his examples through the lenses of their personal and professional experiences in policing. These police managers attended the Administrative Officer’s Course at the Southern Police Institute at the University of Louisville. In their assignment, these students identified three principles and three stories they felt were most significant to police leadership.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors conducted a content analysis of police student responses to questions about Lincoln on Leadership.

Findings
– These police leaders made specific reference to the following leadership methods as practiced by Lincoln. It is best to get out among the troops from time to time to show your support, make direct observations and get relevant information about conditions and experiences. Honesty and integrity are crucial foundations for leadership that are irreplaceable. Give credit where credit is due. It is one of the best ways to establish credibility and loyalty. Sometimes leaders must do things they would rather not do but it is best to handle things quickly before disaster results. Yet, it is also often best to avoid conflict and difficulties when you can so you do not create problems for yourself – if there is another acceptable way to get the job done. When something needs to be done, leaders do not wait for others to do it for them. They strike when the time is right and the situation demands it.

Research limitations/implications
– These respondents represent a non-random, convenience sample and may not represent the population of police managers. These officers are selected by their departments to attend the AOC. Thus, they are interested in career development and their views may not be typical of the population of police managers.

Practical implications
– The research findings support leadership conclusions in the research literature on leadership in general and police leadership in particular.

Social implications
– The findings indicate that these police leaders are open to the use of methods that would be more acceptable to the community and members of the police organization.

Originality/value
– The study provides a glimpse into the views of police leaders and the methods that they endorse.
Pharmacogenomics of preterm birth prevention and treatment
Authors: Manuck TA 
Published: November 2015

Pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine incorporate genetic factors, historical data, and environmental exposures to predict individual variation in response to medications. The study of pharmacology and pharmacogenomics is challenging in obstetrics, and our knowledge in this area lags behind other disciplines of medicine. Some preliminary data, however, suggest that some of the interindividual variation seen in response to medications given for the prevention (progesterone) and the treatment (nifedipine, terbutaline, and others) of preterm labour may be caused by pharmacogenomic effects. A comprehensive approach, integrating clinical data, environmental factors, including concomitant medications and genotype, to optimise the prevention and treatment strategies for preterm birth, is urgently needed.Tweetable abstractSome of the variation to meds for prematurity prevention/treatment may arise from pharmacogenomic effects.
Systematic review of psychological and social outcomes of adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery, and predictors of success
Authors: White B. , Doyle J. , Colville S. , Nicholls D. , Viner R. M. , Christie D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe psychological and social outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents, together with psychological and social predictors of success, were systematically reviewed. PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and PsychInfo were searched on July 2014. Existing data were sparse; 15 were suitable for qualitative review and six for meta‐analysis (four quality of life [QOL], two depression). One study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 139 subjects underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, 202 underwent adjustable gastric band and 64 underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Overall QOL improved after bariatric surgery, regardless of surgical type with peak improvement at 6–12 months. Meta‐analysis of four studies showed changed in overall QOL at latest follow‐up of 2.80 standard deviation (SD) (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–4.37). Depression improved across all studies, regardless of procedure (effect size −0.47 SD [95% CI −0.76, −0.18] at 4–6 months). Two cohorts reported changes in both overall QOL and depression following a quadratic trajectory, with overall improvement over 2 years and deterioration in the second post‐operative year. There were limited data on other psychological and social outcomes. There were insufficient data on psychosocial predictors of outcome to form evidence‐based recommendations for patient selection for bariatric surgery at this time.
Variation in sperm morphology among Afrotropical sunbirds
Authors: Omotoriogun Taiwo C. , Laskemoen Terje , Rowe Melissah , Albrecht Tomáš , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Sedláček Ondřej , Hořák David , Ottosson Ulf , Lifjeld Jan T. 
Published: November 2015

Birds show considerable variation in sperm morphology. Closely related species and subspecies can show diagnostic differences in sperm size. There is also variation in sperm size among males within a population, and recent evidence from passerine birds suggests that the coefficient of inter‐male variation in sperm length is negatively associated with the level of sperm competition. Here we examined patterns of inter‐ and intra‐specific variation in sperm length in 12 species of sunbird (Nectariniidae) from Nigeria and Cameroon, a group for which such information is extremely limited. We found significant variation among species in sperm total length, with mean values ranging from 74 μm to 116 μm, placing these species within the short to medium sperm length range for passerine birds. Most of this variation was explained by the length of the midpiece, which contains the fused mitochondria and is an important structure for sperm energetics. Relative midpiece length was negatively correlated with the coefficient of inter‐male variation in sperm total length across species, suggesting that sperm competition may have selected for greater midpiece length in this group. We also mapped sperm lengths onto a time‐calibrated phylogeny and found support for a phylogenetic signal in all sperm length components, except head length. A test of various evolutionary or tree transformation models gave strongest support for the Brownian motion model for all sperm components, i.e. divergences were best predicted by the phylogenetic distance between lineages. The coefficients of inter‐male variation in sperm total length indicate that sperm competition is high but variable among sunbird species, as is the case with passerine birds at large.
Can they do it? Comparing the views of pharmacists and technicians to the introduction of an advanced technician role†
Authors: Napier Patti , Norris Pauline , Green James , Braund Rhiannon 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the opinions of pharmacists and technicians regarding the ability of New Zealand technicians to take on an advanced checking technician role.

Methods
A survey was developed to investigate the opinions regarding the introduction of this new role. The questions covered are: perceived ability to take on the role, training requirements and competence. Surveys were sent to pharmacists whose contact details are available for research purposes (n = 2095) and to all pharmacies in New Zealand (both community and hospital) for the attention of technicians (n = 858). The results were analysed using IBM SPSS and thematic analysis of comments was conducted.

Key findings
A total of 1221 surveys were returned (pharmacists = 736 and technicians = 485). The majority of the technicians (83%) believed that ‘some’ technicians could work in a CT role, compared with 73% of the pharmacists. Over two-thirds (69%) of the technicians felt comfortable checking a prescription at their current level of training compared with 53% of pharmacists. Both groups' comfort increased with further specific training for the technicians.

Conclusions
The majority of both of these groups supported the change in roles. Pharmacists were less confident that technicians could take on this role now, but were more comfortable after extra training had been completed. The technicians, however, were confident they could take on this role now but would take on extra training if needed.
Exploration and practice of methods and processes of evidence‐based rapid review on peer review of WHO EML application
Authors: Li Youping , Yu Jiajie , Du Liang , Sun Xin , Kwong Joey S.W. , Wu Bin , Hu Zhiqiang , Lu Jing , Xu Ting , Zhang Lingli 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveAfter 38 years of development, the procedure of selection and evaluation of the World Health Organization Essential Medicine List (WHO EML) is increasingly scientific and formal. However, peer review for the applications of World Health Organization Essential Medicine List is always required in a short period. It is necessary to build up a set of methods and processes for rapid review.MethodWe identified the process of evidenced‐based rapid review on WHO EML application for peer reviews according to 11 items which were required during reporting of the peer review results of the proposals.ResultsThe most important items for the rapid review of World Health Organization Essential Medicine List peer reviewers are (1) to confirm the requirements and identify the purposes; (2) to establish the research questions and translate the questions into the ‘Participants, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, Study design’ (PICOS) format; (3) to search and screen available evidence, for which high‐level evidence is preferred, such as systematic reviews or meta‐analyses, health technology assessment, clinical guidelines; (4) to extract data, where we extract primary information based on the purposes; (5) to synthesize data by qualitative methods, assess the quality of evidence, and compare the results; (6) to provide the answers to the applications, quality of evidences and strength of recommendations.ConclusionsOur study established a set of methods and processes for the rapid review of World Health Organization Essential Medicine List peer review, and our findings were used to guide the reviewers to fulfill the 19th World Health Organization Essential Medicine List peer review. The methods and processes were feasible and met the necessary requirements in terms of time and quality. Continuous improvement and evaluation in practice are warranted.
Comparative plasma pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur sodium and ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid in neonatal calves
Authors: Woodrow J. S. , Caldwell M. , Cox S. , Hines M. , Credille B. C. 
Published: November 2015

The objective of this study was to compare the plasma pharmacokinetic profile of ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) and ceftiofur sodium in neonatal calves between 4 and 6 days of age. In one group (n = 7), a single dose of CCFA was administered subcutaneously (SQ) at the base of the ear at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg of body weight. In a second group (n = 7), a single dose of ceftiofur sodium was administered SQ in the neck at a dose of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight. Concentrations of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) in plasma were determined by HPLC. Median time to maximum DCA concentration was 12 h (range 12–48 h) for CCFA and 1 h (range 1–2 h) for ceftiofur sodium. Median maximum plasma DCA concentration was significantly higher for calves given ceftiofur sodium (5.62 μg/mL; range 4.10–6.91 μg/mL) than for calves given CCFA (3.23 μg/mL; range 2.15–4.13 μg/mL). AUC0‐∞ and Vd/F were significantly greater for calves given CCFA than for calves given ceftiofur sodium. The median terminal half‐life of DCA in plasma was significantly longer for calves given CCFA (60.6 h; range 43.5–83.4 h) than for calves given ceftiofur sodium (18.1 h; range 16.7–39.7 h). Cl/F was not significantly different between groups. The duration of time median plasma DCA concentrations remained above 2.0 μg/mL was significantly longer in calves that received CCFA (84.6 h; range 48–103 h) as compared to calves that received ceftiofur sodium (21.7 h; range 12.6–33.6 h). Based on the results of this study, CCFA administered SQ at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg in neonatal calves provided plasma concentrations above the therapeutic target of 2 μg/mL for at least 3 days following a single dose. It is important to note that the use of ceftiofur‐containing products is restricted by the FDA and the use of CCFA in veal calves is strictly prohibited.
A quantitative approach to analysing cortisol response in the horse
Authors: Ekstrand C. , Ingvast‐Larsson C. , Olsén L. , Hedeland M. , Bondesson U. , Gabrielsson J. 
Published: November 2015

The cortisol response to glucocorticoid intervention has, in spite of several studies in horses, not been fully characterized with regard to the determinants of onset, intensity and duration of response. Therefore, dexamethasone and cortisol response data were collected in a study applying a constant rate infusion regimen of dexamethasone (0.17, 1.7 and 17 μg/kg) to six Standardbreds. Plasma was analysed for dexamethasone and cortisol concentrations usingUHPLC‐MS/MS. Dexamethasone displayed linear kinetics within the concentration range studied. A turnover model of oscillatory behaviour accurately mimicked cortisol data. The mean baseline concentration range was 34–57 μg/L, the fractional turnover rate 0.47–1.5 1/h, the amplitude parameter 6.8–24 μg/L, the maximum inhibitory capacity 0.77–0.97, the drug potency 6–65 ng/L and the sigmoidicity factor 0.7–30. This analysis provided a better understanding of the time course of the cortisol response in horses. This includes baseline variability within and between horses and determinants of the equilibrium concentration–response relationship. The analysis also challenged a protocol for a dexamethasone suppression test design and indicated future improvement to increase the predictability of the test.
Diverse functions and reactions of class III peroxidases
Authors: Shigeto Jun , Tsutsumi Yuji 
Published: November 2015

SummaryHigher plants contain plant‐specific peroxidases (class III peroxidase; Prxs) that exist as large multigene families. Reverse genetic studies to characterize the function of each Prx have revealed that Prxs are involved in lignification, cell elongation, stress defense and seed germination. However, the underlying mechanisms associated with plant phenotypes following genetic engineering of Prx genes are not fully understood. This is because Prxs can function as catalytic enzymes that oxidize phenolic compounds while consuming hydrogen peroxide and/or as generators of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, biochemical efforts to characterize Prxs responsible for lignin polymerization have revealed specialized activities of Prxs. In conclusion, not only spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression and protein distribution, but also differentiated oxidation properties of each Prx define the function of this class of peroxidases.
Giant peroxisomes in a moss (Physcomitrella patens) peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 mutant
Authors: Kamisugi Yasuko , Mitsuya Shiro , El‐Shami Mahmoud , Knight Celia D. , Cuming Andrew C. , Baker Alison 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Peroxisomal biogenesis factor 11 (PEX11) proteins are found in yeasts, mammals and plants, and play a role in peroxisome morphology and regulation of peroxisome division. The moss Physcomitrella patens has six PEX11 isoforms which fall into two subfamilies, similar to those found in monocots and dicots.

We carried out targeted gene disruption of the Phypa_PEX11‐1 gene and compared the morphological and cellular phenotypes of the wild‐type and mutant strains.

The mutant grew more slowly and the development of gametophores was retarded. Mutant chloronemal filaments contained large cellular structures which excluded all other cellular organelles. Expression of fluorescent reporter proteins revealed that the mutant strain had greatly enlarged peroxisomes up to 10 μm in diameter. Expression of a vacuolar membrane marker confirmed that the enlarged structures were not vacuoles, or peroxisomes sequestered within vacuoles as a result of pexophagy. Phypa_PEX11 targeted to peroxisome membranes could rescue the knock out phenotype and interacted with Fission1 on the peroxisome membrane.

Moss PEX11 functions in peroxisome division similar to PEX11 in other organisms but the mutant phenotype is more extreme and environmentally determined, making P. patens a powerful system in which to address mechanisms of peroxisome proliferation and division.
Aberrant regulation of synchronous network activity by the attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder‐associated human dopamine D4 receptor variant D4.7 in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Zhong Ping , Liu Wenhua , Yan Zhen 
Published: November 2015

Key points
The hD4.7 variant has been linked to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown.
We found that activation of hD4.7 induced over‐suppression of glutamatergic excitatory network bursts and under‐suppression of GABAergic inhibitory network bursts in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuitry.
Methylphenidate, a psychostimulant drug used to treat ADHD, normalized the effects of hD4.7 on synchronous network bursts in PFC pyramidal neurons.
The findings of the present study suggest that the aberrant regulation of PFC synchronous network activity by hD4.7 may underlie its involvement in ADHD.
AbstractA unique feature of the human D4 receptor (hD4R) gene is the existence of a large number of polymorphisms in exon 3 coding for the third intracellular loop, which consists of a variable number of tandem repeats. The hD4R variants with long repeats have been linked to attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that selective attention is controlled by the rhythmic synchronization in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its connected networks. In the present study, we examined the role of hD4R variants in regulating PFC synchronous network activity. D4R knockout mice with viral infection of hD4.4 or hD4.7 in the medial PFC were used. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings were performed to examine the effects of activating hD4.x on the spontaneous large scale correlated activity in PFC pyramidal neurons. We found that, compared to the normal four‐repeat variant hD4.4, the ADHD‐linked variant hD4.7 induces more suppression of glutamatergic excitatory network bursts and less suppression of GABAergic inhibitory network bursts in the PFC circuitry. Methylphenidate, a psychostimulant drug used to treat ADHD, normalized the effects of hD4.7 on synchronous network bursts in PFC pyramidal neurons. These results reveal the differential effects of hD4R variants on the integrated excitability of PFC circuits. It is suggested that the aberrant regulation of PFC network activity by hD4.7 may underlie its involvement in ADHD. The methylphenidate‐induced normalization of synaptic circuitry regulation may contribute to its effectiveness in ADHD treatment.