bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocal fold hemorrhage: Factors predicting recurrence
Authors: Lennon Christen J. , Murry Thomas , Sulica Lucian 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold hemorrhage is an acute phonotraumatic injury treated with voice rest; recurrence is a generally accepted indication for surgical intervention. This study aims to identify factors predictive of recurrence based on outcomes of a large clinical series.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsRetrospective review of cases of vocal fold hemorrhage presenting to a university laryngology service. Demographic information was compiled. Videostroboscopic exams were evaluated for hemorrhage extent, presence of varix, mucosal lesion, and/or vocal fold paresis. Vocal fold hemorrhage recurrence was the main outcome measure. Follow‐up telephone survey was used to complement clinical data.ResultsForty‐seven instances of vocal fold hemorrhage were evaluated (25M:22F; 32 professional voice users). Twelve of the 47 (26%) patients experienced recurrence. Only the presence of varix demonstrated significant association with recurrence (P = 0.0089) on multivariate logistic regression.ConclusionVocal fold hemorrhage recurred in approximately 26% of patients. Varix was a predictor of recurrence, with 48% of those with varix experiencing recurrence. Monitoring, behavioral management and/or surgical intervention may be indicated to treat patients with such characteristics.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:227–232, 2014
Obesity is associated with sensorineural hearing loss in adolescents
Authors: Lalwani Anil K. , Katz Karin , Liu Ying‐Hua , Kim Sarah , Weitzman Michael 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisChildhood obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95%, is a significant health problem associated with a variety of disorders, and in adults it has been found to be a risk factor for hearing loss. We investigated the hypothesis that obese children are at increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).Study DesignA complex, multistage, stratified geographic area design for collecting representative data from noninstitutionalized U.S. population.MethodsRelevant cross‐sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005 to 2006, for 1,488 participants 12 to 19 years of age was examined. Subjects were classified as obese if their BMI ≥ 95th percentile. SNHL was defined as average pure‐tone level greater than 15 dB for 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz (low frequency) and 3, 4, 6, and 8 kHz (high frequency).ResultsCompared to normal weight participants (BMI 5%–85%), obesity in adolescents was associated with elevated pure tone hearing thresholds and greater prevalence of unilateral low‐frequency SNHL (15.2 vs. 8.3%, P = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, obesity was associated with a 1.85 fold increase in the odds of unilateral low‐frequency SNHL (95% CI: 1.10–3.13) after controlling for multiple hearing‐related covariates.ConclusionsWe demonstrate for the first time that obesity in childhood is associated with higher hearing thresholds across all frequencies and an almost 2‐fold increase in the odds of unilateral low‐frequency hearing loss. These results add to the growing literature on obesity‐related health disturbances and also add to the urgency in instituting public health measures to reduce it.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:3178–3184, 2013
How to Release the Untapped Creativity, Passion, and Intellect of Your Employees
Authors: Marquet David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMarquet worked in an atmosphere unimaginable to most leaders: commander of the USS Santa Fe, a nuclear‐powered submarine. Yet his experience provides the basis for others to learn about the nature of leaders and followers. He shifted the traditional leader‐follower relationship to one of leader‐leader. His ship went from worst‐to‐first rankings by giving more control and authority over decision making to those lower on the chain of command. People were encouraged to “think like the captain.” It took trial and error, yet Marquet says it led to comments from the late Stephen Covey that the ship was the “most empowered workplace he'd ever seen.”
Toward a Smarter Workforce
Authors: Markman Arthur B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMarkman finds that companies can nurture innovation by better understanding and employing cognitive science. Leaders should maximize the quality of knowledge, stop multitasking, find the essence of problems, nurture expert generalists, and distinguish between group problem solving and brainstorming. He relates how unorthodox thinking led to the development of Velcro, the Dyson bagless vacuum cleaner, and Speedo's “ultrafast swimsuit” inspired by the skin of the shark. “The more you understand about your mind and the minds of your employees,” Markman writes, “the better able you will be to develop a more innovative workforce.”
Evaluation of an independent linear model for acoustic noise on a conventional MRI scanner and implications for acoustic noise reduction
Authors: Wu Ziyue , Kim Yoon‐Chul , Khoo Michael C.K. , Nayak Krishna S. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeTo evaluate an independent linear model for gradient acoustic noise on a conventional MRI scanner, and to explore implications for acoustic noise reduction in routine imaging.MethodsAcoustic noise generated from each physical gradient axis was modeled as the prescribed gradient waveform passed through a linear time‐invariant system. Homogeneity and superposition properties were experimentally determined. We also developed a new method to correct relative time shifts between the measured impulse responses for different physical gradient axes. Model accuracy was determined by comparing predicted and measured sound using normalized energy difference. Transfer functions were also measured in subjects with different body habitus and at multiple microphone locations.ResultsBoth superposition and homogeneity held for each physical gradient axis with errors less than 3%. When all gradients were on simultaneous sound prediction, error was reduced from 32% to 4% after time‐shift correction. Transfer functions also showed high sensitivity to body habitus and microphone location.ConclusionThe independent linear model predicts MRI acoustic noise with less than 4% error. Acoustic transfer functions are highly sensitive to body habitus and position within the bore, making it challenging to produce a general approach to acoustic noise reduction based on avoiding system resonance peaks. Magn Reson Med 71:1613–1620, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extremophile Rotalge des Gen‐Diebstahls überführt
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBei Bakterien und den ähnlich primitiven Archäen kommt es oft vor, dass eine Mikrobe Gene nicht von ihren Vorfahren erbt, sondern durch Gentransfer von ihren Zeitgenossen übernimmt. Jetzt zeigten Forscher bei einem höheren Lebewesen, dass es lebenswichtige Gene artfremden Ursprungs trägt.
Strategiewechsel bei Biotech
Authors: Bengs Holger , Buchholz Ulrike , Kirchhoff Tobias 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMedikamentenentwickler haben es weiterhin schwer: Die Finanzierung bleibt schwierig. Aber Kooperationen sind gefragter denn je, und die Biologisierung der Industrien schreitet voran. Daraus ergeben sich Innovationschancen für die Chemie.
Trefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) KO mice are protected from high‐fat diet‐induced obesity
Authors: De Giorgio Maria Rita , Yoshioka Mayumi , Riedl Isabelle , Moreault Olivier , Cherizol Rose‐Guerline , Shah Aftab Ali , Blin Nikolaus , Richard Denis , St‐Amand Jonny 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionTrefoil factor family member 2 (Tff2) is a small gut peptide, mainly known for its protective and healing functions. As previously demonstrated, high‐fat (HF) feeding can rapidly and specifically modulate Tff2 transcription in key tissues of mice, including the duodenum and mesenteric adipose tissue, therefore suggesting a novel role for this gene in energy balance.Design and MethodsTo explore whether and how Tff2 can influence feeding behavior and energy metabolism, Tff2 knock‐out (KO) mice were challenged with HF diet for 12 weeks, hence food and energy intakes, body composition, as well as energy excretion and serum lipid and hormonal levels were analyzed. Finally, energy efficiency was estimated.ResultsTff2 KO mice showed a greater appetite and higher energy intake compared to wild‐type (WT). Consistently, they presented lower levels of serum leptin, and increased transcription of agouti‐related protein (Agrp) in the hypothalamus. Though energy and triglyceride fecal excretion were augmented in Tff2 KO mice, digestible energy intake was superior. However, KO mice were finally protected from HF diet‐induced obesity, and accumulated less weight and fat depots than WT animals, while keeping a normal lean mass. Energy efficiency was lower in HF‐KO mice, while energy expenditure and locomotor activity were globally increased.ConclusionsThe present work demonstrates previously unsuspected roles for Tff2 and suggests it to be a mastermind in the control of energy balance and a promising therapeutic target for obesity.
Cell‐specific integration of nuclear receptor function at the genome
Authors: Everett Logan J. , Lazar Mitchell A. 
Published: June 2013

Nuclear receptors (NRs) encompass a family of regulatory proteins that directly couple small‐molecule signaling to transcriptional regulation. Initial studies of specific NR targets led to a model in which NRs bind highly specific DNA motifs in proximal promoter regions and strongly induce gene transcription in response to ligand binding. More recently, genome‐wide studies have added to the complexity of this classic model of NR function. In particular, binding of NRs at weaker or alternate motifs is common in the context of DNA assembled into chromatin, and ligand responsiveness varies at different NR target genes. Such findings have led to proposed modifications to the classic view of NR regulation, including the ‘assisted loading’ model in which NRs assist in opening chromatin rather than compete for binding sites, and context‐specific models in which genomic and epigenomic features influence the NR function locally at each binding site. Further elucidation of these mechanisms will be particularly important for understanding cell‐specific and ligand‐specific functions of each NR. Emerging genomic technologies such as ChIP‐seq and GRO‐seq provide insights on a larger scale leading to deeper understanding of the complexities of transcriptional regulation by NRs. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:615–629. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1231This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
Hand‐Assisted Laparoscopic Technique in the Setting of Complicated Splenectomy: A 9‐Year Experience
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Yongbin , Peng Bing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is significantly more challenging in patients with supramassive splenomegaly and those with portal hypertension. We hypothesized that hand‐assisted laparoscopic splenectomy (HALS) could facilitate the procedure in these patients.MethodsBefore October 2009, patients with supramassive splenomegaly and those with portal hypertension underwent LS. After October 2009, we routinely applied HALS in patients with these disorders.ResultsWe compared the HALS group (n = 41) with the LS group (n = 45). There were no conversions to open surgery in the HALS group, whereas there was an 4.5 % conversion rate in the LS group. The operating times were shorter, and there was less estimated blood loss, and fewer major complications in the HALS group. Analgesia requirement, time to full diet, and postoperative stay were comparable in the two groups.ConclusionsWe concluded that HALS was superior to LS in patients with supramassive splenomegaly and in those with portal hypertension.
Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: The results of an evolving protocol of management
Authors: Nicolaou N. , Ghassemi A. , Hill R. A. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose This retrospective cohort study assesses the outcomes of a protocol of management, based on the recommendations of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS) multi-centre study, for the management of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Methods Utilising an incremental protocol of bracing, intramedullary rods and circular frame fixation with or without bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), 11 patients had reached skeletal maturity or had follow up of 5 years from radiological union of the pseudarthrosis. Demographic data, deformity parameters before and after treatment, and functional outcome scores were recorded. Results Ten of the 11 patients successfully healed and two sustained a refracture. All deformity parameters improved and a mean leg length discrepancy of 2.5 cm (range 0–7.5 cm) existed at the time of the last follow up. Some pseudarthroses healed with deformity correction and rod insertion alone. Six of the 11 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of neurofibromatosis and nine had sustained a fracture before 4 years of age. Refracture was associated with malalignment after healing. Conclusion This method of treatment provides a successful stepwise protocol for the management of this complex disorder, avoiding the use of aggressive limb reconstruction techniques at a young age in some cases. Level of evidence Case series Level IV.
CogTRA: a deployable mechanism for cognitive transmission rate adaptation in IEEE 802.11 networks
Authors: Chaves Luciano J. , Madeira Edmundo R. M. , Garcia Islene C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Wireless local area networks have become vastly popular, and IEEE 802.11 is the chosen standard for almost all wireless devices. This standard specifies several modulation and channel coding techniques that must be implemented by all wireless interfaces to adapt to changes in wireless channels. As a result, these interfaces support multiple transmission data rates. However, this standard does not define how to dynamically select the appropriate data rate; instead, manufacturers can design and implement their own algorithms. Although several solutions have been proposed in the literature, only a few are used in practice. Moreover, their performance is still limited to specific conditions, such as highly dynamic environments. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces CogTRA, which is a deployable mechanism built upon an existing cognitive framework called CogProt. Due to its self-adjustment functionality, CogTRA can work not only in stable but also in dynamic environments. It was implemented in the OpenWrt Linux distribution for embedded devices and evaluated through experiments using real network equipment. The results underline performance benefits with respect to existing data rate adaptation algorithms, with CogTRA exhibiting better performance especially in such dynamic networks.
Asset pricing under quantile utility maximization
Authors: Giovannetti Bruno C. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract“Focus on the downside, and the upside will take care of itself” is a famous quote among professional investors. By considering an agent who follows this advice, we reproduce the first and second moments of stock returns, risk‐free rate and consumption growth. The agent's behavior toward risk is analogous to a relative risk aversion of about 3 under expected utility, the elasticity of intertemporal substitution is about 0.5 and the time discount factor is below 1. In particular, the proposed model separates time and risk preferences in an innovative way.
Reynolds-number measurements for low-Prandtl-number turbulent convection of large-aspect-ratio samples
Authors: Hogg James , Ahlers Guenter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present experimental results for the Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}_{U} $ based on the horizontal mean-flow velocity $U$ and for ${\mathit{Re}}_{V} $ based on the root-mean-square horizontal fluctuation velocity $V$ for turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratio $\Gamma = 10. 9$ over the Prandtl number range $0. 18\leq \mathit{Pr}\leq 0. 88$. The results were derived from space–time cross-correlation functions of shadowgraph images, using the elliptic approximation of He & Zhang (Phys. Rev. E, vol. 73, 2006, 055303). The data cover the Rayleigh number range from $3\times 1{0}^{5} $ to $2\times 1{0}^{7} $. We find that ${\mathit{Re}}_{U} $ is nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than the values given by the Grossmann–Lohse (GL) model (Grossmann & Lohse, Phys. Rev. E, vol. 66, 2002, 016305) for $\Gamma = 1. 00$ and attribute this difference to averaging caused by lateral random diffusion of the large-scale circulation cells in large-$\Gamma $ samples. For the fluctuations we found ${\mathit{Re}}_{V} = {\tilde {R} }_{0} {\mathit{Pr}}^{\alpha } {\mathit{Ra}}^{\eta } $, with ${\tilde {R} }_{0} = 0. 31$, $\alpha = - 0. 53\pm 0. 11$ and $\eta = 0. 45\pm 0. 03$. That result agrees well with the GL model. The close agreement of the coefficient ${\tilde {R} }_{0} $ must be regarded as a coincidence because the GL model was for $\Gamma = 1. 00$ and for a mean-flow velocity $U$.
On the variety of particle accumulation structures under the effect of g-jitters
Authors: Lappa Marcello 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe present analysis extends the author’s earlier work (Lappa, Phys. Fluids, vol. 25, 2003, 012101; Lappa, Chaos, vol. 23, 2003, 013105) on the properties of patterns formed by the spontaneous accumulation and ordering of solid particles in certain types of flow (with a toroidal structure and a travelling wave propagating in the azimuthal direction) by considering the potential impact of ‘vibrations’ (g-jitters) on such dynamics. It is shown that a kaleidoscope of possible variants exist whose nature and variety calls for a concerted analysis using the tools of computational fluid dynamics in synergy with dimensional arguments and existing theories on the effect of periodic accelerations on fluid systems. A possible categorization of the observed phenomena is introduced according to the type and scale of ‘defects’ displayed by the emerging particle aggregates with respect to unperturbed (vibration-less) conditions. It is shown that the resulting degree of ‘turbulence’ depends essentially on the direction $(\phi )$, amplitude $(\gamma )$ and frequency $(\varpi )$ of the applied inertial disturbance. A range of amplitudes and frequencies exist where the formation of recognizable particle structures is prevented. A quantitative map (in the $\gamma \text{{\ndash}} \varpi $ plane) for their occurrence is derived with the express intent of supporting the optimization of future experiments to be performed in space.
Growth rate of a shocked mixing layer with known initial perturbations
Authors: Weber Christopher R. , Cook Andrew W. , Bonazza Riccardo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe derive a growth-rate model for the Richtmyer–Meshkov mixing layer, given arbitrary but known initial conditions. The initial growth rate is determined by the net mass flux through the centre plane of the perturbed interface immediately after shock passage. The net mass flux is determined by the correlation between the post-shock density and streamwise velocity. The post-shock density field is computed from the known initial perturbations and the shock jump conditions. The streamwise velocity is computed via Biot–Savart integration of the vorticity field. The vorticity deposited by the shock is obtained from the baroclinic torque with an impulsive acceleration. Using the initial growth rate and characteristic perturbation wavelength as scaling factors, the model collapses the growth-rate curves and, in most cases, predicts the peak growth rate over a range of Mach numbers ($1. 1\leq {M}_{i} \leq 1. 9$), Atwood numbers ($- 0. 73\leq A\leq - 0. 35$ and $0. 22\leq A\leq 0. 73$), adiabatic indices ($1. 40/ 1. 67\leq {\gamma }_{1} / {\gamma }_{2} \leq 1. 67/ 1. 09$) and narrow-band perturbation spectra. The mixing layer at late times exhibits a power-law growth with an average exponent of $\theta = 0. 24$.
Glutamate supplementation is associated with improved glucose metabolism following carbohydrate ingestion in healthy males
Authors: Di Sebastiano Katie M. , Bell Kirsten E. , Barnes Tyler , Weeraratne Anushka , Premji Tahira , Mourtzakis Marina 
Published: June 2013

Glutamate is linked to the glycolytic process, particularly when co-ingested with carbohydrate, but its effects on glucose metabolism are poorly characterised. The present study aimed to (1) specifically examine the effects of carbohydrate administration on circulating glutamate concentrations and (2) investigate the effect of increased glutamate availability, independent of carbohydrate ingestion, on glucose metabolism. A total of nine participants underwent four trials: (1) glutamate supplement+carbohydrate drink (GLU+CHO); (2) glutamate supplement+placebo drink (GLU); (3) placebo supplement+carbohydrate drink (CHO); (4) placebo supplement+placebo drink (CON). Following a fasting blood sample, participants ingested monosodium l-glutamate (MSG; 150 mg/kg body weight) or placebo capsules at each trial followed by a 75 g carbohydrate or a non-energy placebo drink 30 min later. Blood samples were taken at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 min. Plasma glutamate concentrations were significantly elevated relative to baseline during the GLU (approximately 10-fold) and GLU+CHO trials (approximately 6-fold). The glucose response to a carbohydrate load was blunted when glutamate was increased in the circulation (peak serum glucose: 5·50 (se 0·54) mmol/l during the GLU+CHO trial v. 7·69 (se 0·53) mmol/l during the CHO trial, P< 0·05). On average, c-peptide results revealed that insulin secretion did not differ between the GLU+CHO and CHO trials; however, four participants demonstrated increased insulin secretion during the GLU+CHO trial and five participants demonstrated decreased insulin secretion under the same conditions. In conclusion, when administration is staggered, MSG and carbohydrate supplementation can be used to manipulate plasma glutamate; however, future studies should control for this dichotomous insulin response.
Transnational Unemployment Insurance: The Inclusion and Exclusion of Foreign Workers in Labour Unions’ Unemployment Insurance Funds in the Netherlands (c.1900–1940)
Authors: Hoogenboom Marcel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn the early twentieth century, like many of their European counterparts, labour unions in the Netherlands established mutual unemployment insurance funds for their members. Various funds made agreements with labour unions in a number of European countries to recognize each other's insurance schemes, enabling union members to work in the Netherlands without losing their entitlement to benefits accumulated in their home countries, and vice versa. Whereas up until the 1930s some of the alliances between Dutch and foreign funds had flourished, in the 1930s the number of non-Dutch workers in the Netherlands making use of such agreements decreased drastically. This article analyses those transnational alliances and explores various causes for their demise, concluding that in the 1930s formal regulation of foreign labour by the Dutch government substantially reduced the number of potential foreign members of insurance funds while government interference in unemployment insurance abroad, and especially in Germany, made the transnational agreements effectively void.