bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The treatment efficacy for Patients Undergoing Combined Transanal-Transabdominal Endoscopic Resection of Colorectal Anastomosis Stenosis
Authors: Wan Taixuan , Ye Fujin , Shi Yunxing , Huang Pinzhu , Alenzi Maram , Luo Shuanglin , Liu Zhanzhen , Cai Yonghua , Xie Hao , Zhou Yihang , Kang Liang , Huang Liang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Combined transanal- transabdominal resection of anastomotic stenosis has the potential to restore bowel continuity for patients with instead of suffered colorectal anastomosis stenosis. The objective of this study was to assess the treatment efficacy for patientswho underwent combined transanal- transabdominal resection of colorectal anastomosis stenosis.
Methods: We retrospectively included a cohort of consecutive patients who underwent combined transanal-transabdominal endoscopic resection for colorectal anastomosis stenosis. This study encompassed the period from August 2019 to March 2023. We gathered data pertaining to intraoperative details, mortality, postoperative complications, and the rate of stoma closure. Functional outcomes were assessed using the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and Wexner incontinence questionnaires.
Results: A total of 54 patients, comprising 46 men and 8 women, met the inclusion criteria. All patients exhibited anastomotic stenosis resulting from anastomotic leakage or preoperative radiotherapy. The median duration of hospitalization was 15 (11-24) days. No instance of mortality was recorded. The morbidity rate was 15%. After a total follow-up period of 48 months, stoma closure was performed in 49 patients after a median delay of 3.8 (2.5-11) months. At the end of follow-up, two patients with failed stoma closure due to poor functional outcomes of anastomosis, while three patients experienced a recurrence of anastomotic stenosis. Among the 49 patients who were available for follow-up, 35 (71.4%) reported either no or minor LARS symptoms. The median Wexner incontinence score was 8 (0-18). Notably, 13 patients achieved a Wexner incontinence score of 0. Erectile function was assessed in 28 male patients, and 18 of them reported normal postoperative erectile function.
Conclusions: Combined transanal- transabdominal endoscopic resection is an effective approach for treating colorectal anastomosis stenosis, demonstrating a high stoma closure rate, low morbidity associated with complications, and favorable long-term functional outcomes.
A new conjugate gradient algorithm for nonconvex minimization
problem and its convergence properties
Authors: AKDAG Dilara , ALTIPARMAK Ebru , KARAHAN Ibrahim , Jolaoso Lateef Olakunle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The primary objective of this paper is to develop a novel and efficient
modified conjugate gradient algorithm for addressing nonconvex minimization
problems. The study demonstrates that the proposed method exhibits a
sufficient descent property regardless of the specific line search
techniques employed. Furthermore, the algorithm is globally convergent
towards solving the given problem, employing both Wolfe and Armijo line
search techniques. To reinforce its efficacy, a numerical example is
presented, utilizing image restoration problem.
COVID-19 vaccination coverage of school-aged children in Santiago, Chile, correlates with socioeconomic status: Longitudinal observational study
Authors: Guerrero-Araya Enzo , Ravello Cesar , Rosemblatt Mario , Perez-Acle Tomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The burden of COVID-19 was heterogeneous, indicating that the effects of this disease are synergistic with both other non-communicable diseases and socioeconomic status (SES), highlighting its syndemic character. While the appearance of vaccines moderated the pandemic effects, their coverage was heterogeneous too, both when comparing different countries, and when comparing different populations within countries. Of note, once again SES appears to be a correlated factor.
We analyzed publicly available data detailing the percentage of school-aged, vaccinated children in different municipalities belonging to the Metropolitan Area (MA) of Santiago, Chile. Vaccination data was compiled per school type, either public, state-subsidized, or private, at three different dates during the COVID-19 pandemic to cover the dispersion of Delta, Omicron, and its subvariants BA.4 and BA.5. We computed the median vaccination ratio for each municipality and school type and calculated their Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient with each one of nine SES indices.
The percentage of school-age children who received vaccinations against COVID-19 correlates with SES. This strong correlation is observed in public and state-subsidized schools, but not in private schools. Although inequity in vaccination coverage decreased over time, it remained higher among students enrolled either in public or state-subsidized schools compared to those of private schools.
Although available data was insufficient to explore plausible causes behind lower vaccination coverage, it is likely that a combination of factors including the lack of proper information about the importance of vaccination, the lack of incentives for children’s vaccination, low trust in the government, and limited access to vaccines for lower-income people, may all have contributed. These findings raise the need to design better strategies to overcome shortcomings in vaccination campaigns to confront future pandemics.
Trial Registration: The present work does not involve clinical trials.
White-Light-Excited Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence for Improved In Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Ding Dan , Li Jisen , Zhang Lutong , Zhang Yifan , Dai Wenbo , Gao Xue , Liu Miao-Chang , wu Hua-yue , Lei Yunxiang , Huang Xiaobo , Zhang Yufan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Organic phosphorescence materials offer significant advantages for bioimaging applications. However, most of these materials are excited exclusively by ultraviolet (UV) light, which poses risks to living organisms. Herein, six donor-acceptor type compounds incorporating triazine groups were designed as guests within a doped system. The triazine groups exhibit strong absorption capabilities, enabling the guests to achieve white-light-excited phosphorescence, ultimately resulting in the doped materials displaying a bright afterglow lasting 3-5 s under white-light excitation. The phosphorescence quantum yields of the doped system range from 15% to 75%, with lifetimes between 176 and 401 ms. By leveraging the ability of white-light to penetrate biological tissues, a bioimaging mode which the materials are first concentrated within the organism and then excited was developed, yielding superior imaging effects compared to the traditional method where materials are first excited and then concentrated. Furthermore, these materials were applied in the imaging diagnosis of arteriosclerosis plaques and intestinal diseases, as well as in the navigation for in situ liver tumor surgery, achieving excellent imaging outcomes. This work addresses the limitation of phosphorescent materials relying on UV-light, significantly enhancing their potential for practical applications in clinical imaging.
Towards Precision Medicine: Tailoring Diagnosis Based on MRI Evaluation of Adult Lateral Discoid Meniscus Injury
Authors: Li Minhong , Khan Laiba , Imran Sumera , Fatima Sampana , Wabasa Nasma , Khan Rafia Yasmin , Abrar Muhammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Amongst the various forms of knee joint pathology, lateral discoid meniscus injury presents unique challenge owing to rare incidence and diverse clinical presentations. The advent of MRI has significantly enhanced the ability to visualize and characterize soft tissue injuries, the translation of these imaging findings into meaningful clinical decisions remains a crucial aspect of patient care. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of MRI in diagnosis of adult lateral discoid meniscus injury and quantify changes in associated parameters.
Main Body:
Results: The wedge sign was notably reduced in Group A compared to Group B, while the incidence of the fat angle sign exhibited a marked increase compared to Group B. Free edge height, body width, and free edge height/body height of meniscus showed significant elevation compared to Group B, conversely, joint capsule edge height and joint capsule edge height/body height displayed a significant decrease compared to Group B. (P<0.05).
Conclusion
MRI imaging proves to be efficacious in diagnosing lateral discoid meniscus injuries in adults, exhibiting notable differences in related parameters compared to individuals without injury. This underscores its value in injury diagnosis and highlights its potential clinical application.
Multimodal scene-graph matching for cheapfakes detection
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Tam , Nguyen Quynh T. , Dao Minh Son , Nguyen Binh T. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The development of technology and social media platforms has led to the proliferation of fake news, including the cheapfakes problem. Cheapfakes can be produced easily and spread quickly; a common type is out-of-context misinformation. It is worth investigating a proper algorithm that can efficiently detect such types of misinformation. In this work, we study a new approach to the detection problem of cheapfakes by using graphical neural networks to detect out-of-context samples using the dataset from the ICME 23 Grand Challenge on Detecting Cheapfakes. Specifically, our model utilizes scene graph matching and a language model pre-trained for the natural language inference task to solve task 1 of the challenge. We also propose effective methods to generate labeled data from an unlabeled training set of the challenge. Our proposed method achieved an F1-score of 85.69% and an accuracy score of 85.50% on the public testing set, surpassing the baseline by 4.69% and 3.60%, respectively.
Bias in Histopathology Datasets: A Comprehensive Investigation on Possible Factors
Authors: Kheiri Farnaz , Rahnamayan Shahryar , Makrehchi Masoud , Bidgoli Azam Asilian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in medical applications, including digital pathology, where they excel at analyzing complex patterns in medical images to assist in accurate disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, concerns have arisen about potential biases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, a comprehensive repository for digitalized histopathology and a validation source for deep models, suggesting that over-optimistic results of model performance may be due to reliance on biased features rather than histological characteristics. Surprisingly, recent studies have confirmed the existence of site-specific bias in the embedded features extracted for cancer-type discrimination, leading to high accuracy in acquisition site classification. This biased behavior motivated us to conduct an in-depth analysis to investigate potential causes behind this unexpected biased ability toward site-specific pattern recognition. The analysis was conducted on two cutting-edge DNN models: KimiaNet, a state-of-the-art DNN trained on TCGA images, and the self-trained EfficientNet. Considering the classification accuracy of acquisition sites as a measure of bias, a series of experiments has been designed to examine the impact of various factors, including patching, data imbalance, and staining.
Exposure to short wavelength light absorbed by mitochondria is associated with weight gain, shifts in cytokine expression and anxiety-like behaviours.
Authors: Al-Hussaini Heba , Al-Onaizi Mohammed , Abed Bara S. , Powner Michael B. , Hasan Sonia , Jeffery Glen 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Mitochondria absorb short wavelengths around 420nm. This is associated with reduced ATP and restricted mobility. The 420-450nm range is a significant element of LED lighting and computer monitors. Here we expose freely moving mice to 420nm or 450nm lighting and show rapidly weight gain within a week. This may be due to reduced mitochondrial demand for circulating carbohydrates. Both groups displayed marked shifts in serum cytokines. Open field mobility was examined. The distance travelled was similar between both experimental groups and their controls. However, both experimental groups showed avoidance of central regions consistent with anxiety-like behaviours. This was significant in the 420nm group whose wavelength exposure is closer to peak mitochondrial absorbance. These data demonstrate the potential hazards of exposure to specific short wavelengths in the visual range now common in the built environment. Data are consistent with a wider literature on systemic problems arising from exposure to short wavelength light.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Knowledge-free Weak Supervision in Clinical Natural Language Processing
Authors: Hsu Enshuo , Roberts Kirk 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The performance of deep learning-based natural language processing systems is based on large amounts of labeled training data which, in the clinical domain, are not easily available or affordable. Weak supervision and in-context learning offer partial solutions to this issue, particularly using large language models (LLMs), but their performance still trails traditional supervised methods with moderate amounts of gold-standard data. In particular, inferencing with LLMs is computationally heavy. We propose an approach leveraging fine-tuning LLMs and weak supervision with virtually no domain knowledge that still achieves consistently dominant performance. Using a prompt-based approach, the LLM is used to generate weakly-labeled data for training a downstream BERT model. The weakly supervised model is then further fine-tuned on small amounts of gold standard data. We evaluate this approach using Llama2 on three different n2c2 datasets. With no more than 10 gold standard notes, our final BERT models weakly supervised by fine-tuned Llama2-13B consistently outperformed out-of-the-box PubMedBERT by 4.7–47.9% in F1 scores. With only 50 gold standard notes, our models achieved close performance to fully fine-tuned systems.
Effects of fertilization depth and optimization of fertilizer formulation on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrids.) quality and soil fertility
Authors: wang jiafeng , zhong ning , li wenjiao , cai qiuliang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

It was to investigate the effects of different fertilizer formulation and fertilizer depth treatments on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrids.) yield, quality traits, soil enzyme activities, and overall soil fertility. The field micro-area experiment was conducted in Baise City, Guangxi Province. The sugarcane treatments were applied with different formulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and different fertilization depths. The soil fertility level of different fertilization treatments was comprehensively scored by principal component analysis and fuzzy mathematics. In comparison to conventional fertilization, the D15 treatment for optimized fertilization rate at 15 cm depth demonstrated enhanced sugarcane height and sugar content. Additionally, the total seedling weight increased by 35.26%. Furthermore, the inter-root soil contents of urease, sucrase, catalase, and acid phosphatase exhibited a significant increase by 75.37%, 50.94%, 4.87%, and 24.56%. The nitrogen content of sugarcane stems was increased by 52.24%. The nitrogen and potassium contents of sugarcane stems exhibited a notable increase in the T2 treatment, when compared to the other treatments, reaching 1.835 g/kg and 8.111 g/kg, respectively. The combined soil fertility of the T4 and D15 treatments was moderate, and exhibited an upward trend when compared to the low soil fertility observed in the T0 conventional fertilization treatment. 1In conclusion, the fertilizer optimization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the fertilizer one-time application at 15 cm depth was more consistent with the nutrient needs of sugarcane compared to the conventional application. The soil integrated fertility increased by optimizing the application of fertilizer and fertilizer depth compared to conventional fertilization, could reduce the input of fertilizer.
Identification and expression analysis of sesquiterpenes biosynthesis-related genes during the bark regeneration process of Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Yan Mengyao , Zhou Guangzhen , Luo Haifen , Liu Zheng , Wan Yinglang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Agarwood is a secretion produced by certain trees of the Aquilaria genus in the Thymelaeaceae family after they suffer external damage. It is a mixture formed by the infiltration of various secondary metabolites, including chromones, sesquiterpenes, and resins, into the wood. Agarwood is a precious traditional medicinal material and fragrance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its formation are not well-understood. In this study, we employed a ring-barking method to remove the bark of Aquilaria sinensis over a large area. During the bark regeneration process, agarwood substances were stably produced alongside the proliferation of secretory cells. After 35 days of implantation, an increase in secretory substances was detected in the regenerated bark. By the 50th day of formation, the ethanol extract content reached 12.9%, increasing to 19.1% by the 135th day. We further identified sesquiterpene synthesis–related genes in A. sinensis. Gene expression profile showed that the expression levels of the genes related to the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway gradually increased, while the expression levels of the genes related to the mevalonic acid pathway continued to decrease. After 360 days of agarwood formation, we extracted the essential oil from the regenerated cambium layer by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. We identified 100 characteristic secondary metabolites of agarwood in essential oils through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, including 27 sesquiterpenoids. In conclusion, our study provides new clues for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of agarwood formation and lays the foundation for the breeding of new agarwood varieties.
Maternal-Infant Outcome Analysis of Live Births from Painless Oocyte Retrieval in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Gao Pingping , Hu Xuyan , Xia Leizhen , Chen Junmin , Zhang Xuehong , Xu Dingfei , Tian Lifeng , Huang Jialyu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the maternal-infant outcomes of live births resulting from painless oocyte retrieval within assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data from patients who achieved live births through in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to May 2023. The study included 5,806 cycles of fresh embryo transfers during the early follicular phase prolonged protocol. Propensity score matching yielded 1,563 cases in both the painless oocyte retrieval group and the control group. Univariate analysis was utilized to assess differences in basic clinical data, maternal complications, and neonatal birth outcomes. Results: There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of oocyte retrieval numbers, fertilization methods, matured ICSI oocytes, normal fertilized oocytes, normal cleavage oocytes, high-quality embryos, transferable embryos, ICSI oocyte maturation rates, normal fertilization rates, normal cleavage rates, high-quality embryo rates, transplantable blastocyst formation rates, rates of non-transplantable embryos, and fresh embryo transfer rates (all P>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the number of embryos transferred, types of embryos transplanted, the presence of at least one high-quality embryo during transplantation, HCG positive rates, biochemical abortion rates, embryo implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, abortion rates, live birth rates, single fetus rates, and multiple pregnancy rates between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, placental abnormalities, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, cesarean section rates, and premature rupture of membranes between the groups (all P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of single live births larger than gestational age (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution, preterm and very preterm birth rates, postmature birth rates, proportions of low birth weight, very low birth weight, giant infants, incidences of small for gestational age, and birth defects between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of propofol in painless oocyte retrieval does not impact the fertilization of oocytes, follicular maturation, cleavage, or clinical pregnancy rates, nor does it increase the risk of maternal complications or birth defects in live births. Therefore, painless oocyte retrieval is considered relatively safe.
Determining shot effectiveness in padel: Exploring differences between winning and losing teams
Authors: Conde-Ripoll Rafael , Martín-Miguel Iván , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J. , Escudero-Tena Adrián 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The aims were to (i) analyze winners, forced errors, unforced errors, and forced error generators based on set results and serve, (ii) examine differences between set winning and losing pairs regarding shot types and effectiveness, and (iii) investigate differences between set winning and losing pairs in shot types that generate forced errors. Data were collected from 41 professional matches (men and women) at the World Padel Tour Finland Padel Open website. The results reveal that pairs generate more winners and forced error generators at serve, while forced errors are more prominent at return. The winning pair achieved more winners (men: CSR = 7.7; women: CSR = 7.4), whereas the losing pair committed more errors (men: forced errors (CSR = 4.3) and unforced errors (CSR = 3.8); women: forced errors (CSR = 4.8) and unforced errors (CSR = 2.8)). Additionally, the winning pair generated more forced errors (men: 56.5%; women: 60.0%) than the losing pair did (men: 43.5%; women: 40.0%). These findings are crucial for coaches and players as they offer insights into sex-specific technical aspects, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of training strategies.
Oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein increases peripheral blood telomere length in young and aged mice
Authors: Inui Toshio , Kawamura Namiko , Kubo Kentaro , Yamakage Hajime , Satoh-Asahara Noriko , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Katsuura Goro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The effects of oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein on peripheral blood telomere length and telomerase were examined in young and aged mice. In young mice, peripheral blood telomere length was significantly elongated following oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. Expression of both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TERC) was significantly increased in the peripheral blood following oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. In aged mice, peripheral blood telomere length was significantly decreased as compared with that of young mice, and significantly restored to the level of young mice drinking water by the oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. The expression of peripheral blood TERT and TERC mRNA in aged mice significantly decreased as compared with the level in young mice drinking water, and was significantly restored to the level of expression of young mice drinking water by oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. These results suggest that degalactosylated whey protein, but not intact whey protein, potently increases peripheral blood telomere length accompanied by increased mRNA expression of TERT and TERC in both young and aged mice.