bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on the Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance of Au Modified BiVO4
Authors: Long Mingce , Jiang Jingjing , Li Yan , Cao Ruqiong , Zhang Liying , Cai Weimin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An efficient visible light driven photocatalyst, gold nanoparticles (NPs) modified BiVO4 (Au/BiVO4), has been synthesized by deposition-precipitation with urea method. Au/BiVO4 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under λ>400 nm irradiation but negligible activity under λ>535 nm, indicating that the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect is too weak for organic photodegradation. According to the photoelectrochemical results of the porous powder electrodes of BiVO4 and Au/BiVO4, the SPR effect of Au NPs has been assessed. The role of Au NPs as electron sinks or sources, which is controllable by incident photon energy and applied potentials, has been discussed.
Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cymbopogan Citratus (Lemongrass) and its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Masurkar Shalaka A. , Chaudhari Pratik R. , Shidore Vrishali B. , Kamble Suresh P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The present study deals with the rapid green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh leaves of Cymbopogan Citratus (Lemongrass). Silver nanoparticles were formed within 8∼10 minutes by microwave irradiation using aqueous solution of AgNO3 (1 mM) with fresh leaves extract of Cymbopogan Citratus. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visible spectrophotometer analysis, nanoparticle tracking analyzer, transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectra. The antibacterial activity of these nanoparticles was studied against multiple drug resistant hospital isolates of E.coli, S.aureus, P.mirabilis and hospital isolates of S. typhi, K.pnuemoniae. Also, the antifungal activity of these nanoparticles was studied against C.albicans (hospital isolate) and A.niger (NCIM 616). The synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles along with antibiotics was also studied against multiple drug resistant hospital isolates and found to be effective. The extracellular synthesis of Silver nanoparticles using leaves of Cymbopogan Citratus appears to be rapid and eco-friendly.
Analysis of Nanofluids as Cutting Fluid in Grinding EN-31 Steel
Authors: Vasu V. , Kumar K. Manoj 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Grinding requires high specific energy which develops high temperatures at wheel work piece interface. High temperatures impair work piece quality by inducing tensile residual stress, burn, and micro cracks. Control of grinding temperature is achieved by providing effective cooling and lubrication. Conventional flood cooling is often ineffective due to enormous heat generation and improper heat dissipation. This paper deals with an investigation on using TRIM E709 emulsifier with Al2O3 nanoparticles to reduce the heat generated at grinding zone. An experimental setup has been developed for this and detailed comparison has been done with dry, TRIM E709 emulsifier and TRIM E709 emulsifier with Al2O3 nanoparticles in grinding EN-31 steel in terms of temperature distribution and surface finish. Results shows that surface roughness and heat penetration were decreased with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles.
A Facile Route for the Large Scale Fabrication of Graphene Oxide Papers and Their Mechanical Enhancement by Cross-linking with Glutaraldehyde
Authors: Hu Nantao , Meng Lei , Gao Rungang , Wang Yanyan , Chai Jing , Yang Zhi , Kong Eric Siu-Wai , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A facile route for the large scale production of graphene oxide (GO) papers and their mechanical enhancement has been presented in this work. The novel paper-like GO made from individual GO sheets in aqueous suspension can be achieved in large scale by a simple drop casting method on hydrophobic substrates. Significant enhancement in mechanical stiffness (341%) and fracture strength (234%) of GO paper have been achieved upon modification with a small amount (less than 10 wt%) of glutaraldehyde (GA). The cross-linking reaction takes place between hydroxyl groups on the surface of GO and aldehyde groups of GA, through forming hemiacetal structure, which can result in distinct mechanical enhancement of the GO papers.
Exact Geometric Relationships, Symmetry Breaking and Structural Stability for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Tong , Yuan Ze Shuai , Tan Li Hao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We pioneered a study about how the geometric relationship of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is influenced by curvature factor and non-planar geometry factor in cylindrical coordinate system based on the assumption of complete symmetry. The bond length and angle of every carbon-carbon bonds are determined by using the principle of the minimum energy. The results of the paper include:(1) From the calculation result, the symmetry breaking appears for chiral carbon nanotubes, while the part symmetry appears for achiral carbon nanotubes with increasing curvature. (2) The synergistic effect of bond lengths and bond angles is first found. (3) We conclude that the influence of non-planar geometry factor can be completely ignored on bond lengths and bond angles when the curvature parameter has been included in the model. (4) The two fractal dimensions are given from the nanoscale to the macroscale for zigzag topology and armchair topology respectively. Fractal dimensions of SWCNT show special characteristics, varying with the length of SWCNT until the lengths approach infinity. The close and inevitable correlations among curvature, symmetry breaking and stability of SWCNTs can be summed up as: the increase of curvature causes symmetry breaking, and such symmetry breaking will further reduce the structural stability.
Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Well-Ordered Layered α-MoO3 Nanosheets
Authors: Naouel R. , Dhaouadi H. , Touati F. , Gharbi N. 
Published: October 2014

Abstractα-MoO3ordered nanosheets have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions using commercial MoO3and hydroquinone as structuring agent. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyse the obtained material. The conductivity mechanism of the Molybdenum ordered nanosheets has been investigated using combined complex impedance and modulus formalism.The temperature dependence of the conductivity, which was between 473 and 573 K, is very close to the Arrhenius’ law, with an activation energy of 0.76 eV. However, the conductivity of the material increases with temperature. It shows a typical negative temperature coefficient resistance (NTCR) similar to that of a semiconductor. The dielectric properties of the MoO3compound have been studied in the temperature range of 473–573 K as well as the frequency range of 10 Hz to 13 MHz. The ac-conductivity for high frequency σac(ω) obeys the universal power law.
Synthesis of Au-Cu Nano-Alloy from Monometallic Colloids by Simultaneous Pulsed Laser Targeting and Stirring
Authors: Ganjali Mansoureh , Ganjali Monireh , Khoby Soraia , Meshkot Mohammad Ali 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Experimental work has been focused on the formation of alloyed Au-Cu nanoparticles under simultaneous laser exposure and mechanical stirring of mixed monometallic colloids, here referred to as dual procedure. As a feed for the dual procedure, Au and Cu monometallic nanoparticle colloids have been using a laser ablation technique. To accomplish this, bulk targets were ablated with 1064 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser in a pure acetone (99.99%) environment. Ultraviolet-visible optical absorption spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence technique have been used to characterize the nanoparticles. It has been found that experimental conditions such as stirring and laser parameters strongly affect the synthesized particle properties, including the size, shape, composition and stability of the nanoparticles. Alloy nanoparticles containing 39% Au - 61% Cu have also been prepared in the same process, but in two forms of a homogeneous alloy and a core-shell structure.
Novel Nanotrees of Crystalline Nickel formed via Electrolytic Approach
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Liying , Wei Liangming , Jiang Chuanhai , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Tree shaped nickel nanocrystals with long main trunk and highly ordered branches were prepared via electrolytic method in ethylene glycol solution. The morphology and structures of nanotrees of crystalline nickel can be controlled by the processing of the surfactant (PVP) and electrolytic voltage. Magnetic property measurements at room temperature indicated that the as-prepared nanotrees of crystalline nickel possess higher saturation magnetism (M

S
) and coercivity (H

C
) than that of corresponding bulk nickel materials.
Nanomaterials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering Application
Authors: Zhang Yachen , Tang Yong , Wang Ying , Zhang Liying 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the emerging cardiac tissue engineering provides a new therapeutic method for heart diseases. And in the tissue engineering, the scaffold material which can mimic the structure of the extracellular matrix properly is a key factor. The rapid expansion of nano-scaffolds during the past ten years has led to new perspectives and advances in biomedical research as well as in clinical practice. Here we search articles published in recent years extensively on cardiac tissue engineering scaffold materials and nanotechnology. And we review the traditional scaffold materials and the advances of the nano-scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering. A thorough understanding of the nano-scaffolds would enable us to better exploit technologies to research the ideal scaffold material, and promote the cardiac tissue engineering using in the clinical practice as soon as possible.
The Prospective Two-Dimensional Graphene Nanosheets: Preparation, Functionalization and Applications
Authors: Yang Zhi , Gao Rungang , Hu Nantao , Chai Jing , Cheng Yingwu , Zhang Liying , Wei Hao , Kong Eric Siu-Wai , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Graphene, as an intermediate phase between fullerene and carbon nanotube, has aroused much interests among the scientific community due to its outstanding electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties. With excellent electrical conductivity of 6000 S/cm, which is independent on chirality, graphene is a promising material for high-performance nanoelectronics, transparent conductor, as well as polymer composites. On account of its Young’s Modulus of 1 TPa and ultimate strength of 130 GPa, isolated graphene sheet is considered to be among the strongest materials ever measured. Comparable with the single-walled carbon nanotube bundle, graphene has a thermal conductivity of 5000 W/(m·K), which suggests a potential application of graphene in polymer matrix for improving thermal properties of the graphene/polymer composite. Furthermore, graphene exhibits a very high surface area, up to a value of 2630 m2/g. All of these outstanding properties suggest a wide application for this nanometer-thick, two-dimensional carbon material. This review article presents an overview of the significant advancement in graphene research: preparation, functionalization as well as the properties of graphene will be discussed. In addition, the feasibility and potential applications of graphene in areas, such as sensors, nanoelectronics and nanocomposites materials, will also be reviewed.
Terahertz Generation Using Implanted InGaAs Photomixers and Multi-wavelength Quantum Dot Lasers
Authors: Hou Y. , Liu J. R. , Buchanan M. , Thorpe A. J. Spring , Poole P. J. , Liu H. C. , Wu Ke , Roorda Sjoerd , Zhang X. P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We report on a study of terahertz (THz) generation using implanted InGaAs photomixers and multi-wavelength quantum dot lasers. We carry out InGaAs materials growth, optical characterization, device design and fabrication, and photomixing experiments. This approach is capable of generating a comb of electromagnetic radiation from microwave to terahertz. For shortening photomixer carrier lifetime, we employ proton implantation into an epitaxial layer of lattice matched InGaAs grown on InP. Under a 1.55 μm multi-mode InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum dot laser excitation, a frequency comb with a constant frequency spacing of 50 GHz generated on the photomixer is measured, which corresponds to the beats of the laser longitudinal modes. The measurement is performed with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. This approach affords a convenient method to achieve a broadband multi-peak coherent THz source.
Electrochemical Synthesis and Photocatalytic Property of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Chandrappa Kodihalli G. , Venkatesha Thimmappa V. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles of varying sizes (20, 44 and 73 nm) have been successfully synthesized by a hybrid electrochemical-thermal method using aqueous sodium bicarbonate electrolyte and sacrificial Zn anode and cathode in an undivided cell under galvanostatic mode at room temperature. The as-synthesized product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy along with Energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (SEM/EDAX), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ultra Violet - Diffuse reflectance spectroscopic methods (UV-DRS). and UV-DRS spectral methods. The as-synthesized compound were single-crystalline and Rietveld refinement of calcined samples exhibited hexagonal (Wurtzite) structure with space group of P63mc (No.186). The band gaps for synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were 3.07, 3.12 and 3.13 eV, respectively, based on the results of diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The electrochemically synthesized ZnO powder was used as photocatalysts for UV-induced degradation of Methylene blue (MB). Photodegradation was also found to be function of exposure time and dye solution pH. It has been found that as-synthesized powder has excellent photocatalytic activity with 92% degradation of MB, indicating ZnO nanoparticles can play an important role as a semiconductor photocatalyst.
Assembling ZnO Nanorods into Microflowers through a Facile Solution Strategy: Morphology Control and Cathodoluminescence Properties
Authors: Lei Ying , Qu Fengyu , Wu Xiang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this work, flowerlike ZnO micro/nanostructures assembled from nanorods are obtained through a facile hydrothermal route. The experimental results indicated that the as-synthesized ZnO microflowers have an average diameter of 2 µm, composed of nanorods of an average diameter of 200 nm and a tapered morphology. ZnO with other morphologies were also obtained by varying the reaction conditions. Systematical condition-dependent experiments were conducted to reveal the growth mechansim of the microflowers. It is suggested that the zinc source types, solution pH value, and reaction temperature, as well as reaction time are responsible for the variations of ZnO morphology. Luminescence properties of ZnO microflowers were investigated through monitoring different parts of nanorods, showing good optical quality.
One-Step Synthesis and Photoluminescence Evaluation of Cadmium-Containing Quantum Dots
Authors: Shukla Nisha , Nigra Michael M. , Ondeck Abigail D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe have developed a simple one-step process for synthesis of ternary quantum dots (ZnCdSe, MgCdSe) with photoluminescence wavelengths ranging from the red to the blue region of the visible spectrum. The primary aim of this work was to develop a synthesis for the preparation of Cd-containing quantum dots using a Cd precursor with lower toxicity than those used in common syntheses. This synthesis makes use of Cd(acac)2 which is significantly less toxic than precursors such as CdO and CdCl2. We have studied the effect of solvent boiling point, precursors and reaction time on the photoluminescence properties of the ternary quantum dots. Ternary quantum dots synthesized from Cd(acac)2in low boiling point solvents have photoluminescence wavelengths in the blue region, while those synthesized in high boiling point solvents have photoluminescence wavelengths in the red region.
Application of Modified Silica Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles for Removal of Iodine from Water Samples
Authors: Madrakian Tayyebeh , Afkhami Abbas , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Ahmadi Mazaher , Koukabi Nadia 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The adsorption of iodine onto silica coated magnetite nanoparticles (im-SCMNPs) that modified with imidazole was investigated for removal of high concentrations of iodine from wastewater. Modified silica magnetite nanoparticles showed high efficiency in removing iodine from wastewater samples. The optimum pH for iodine removal was 7.0–8.0. The adsorption capacity was evaluated using both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The size of the produced magnetite nanoparticles was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Synthesized magnetite nanoparticles showed the high adsorption capacity and would be a good method to increase adsorption efficiency for the removal of iodine in a wastewater treatment process. The Langmuir adsorption capacity (qmax) was found to be 140.84 mg/g of the adsorbent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Ion Doped Nano ZnO
Authors: John Rita , Rajakumari Rajaram 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with erbium at different concentrations was synthesized by solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), UV-absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) study and vibrating sample magnetometer. The XRD studies exhibit the presence of wurtzite crystal structure similar to the parent compound ZnO in 1% Er3+ doped ZnO, suggesting that doped Er3+ ions sit at the regular Zn2+ sites. However, same studies spread over the samples with Er3+ content>1% reveals the occurrence of secondary phase. SEM images of 1% Er3+ doped ZnO show the polycrystalline nature of the synthesized sample. UV-visible absorption spectrum of Er3+ doped ZnO nanocrystals shows a strong absorption peak at 388 nm due to ZnO band to band transition. The PL study exhibits emission in the visible region, due to excitonic as well as defect related transitions. The magnetization-field curve of Er3+ doped ZnO nanocrystals showed ferromagnetic property at room-temperature.
Solid-State Synthesis and Effect of Temperature on Optical Properties of CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Vidyasagar C. C. , Arthoba Naik Y. , Venkatesha T. G. , Viswanatha R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Modulation of band energies through size control offers new ways to control photoresponse and photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. The P-type semiconductor of copper oxide is an important functional material used for photovoltaic cells. CuO is attractive as a selective solar absorber since it has high solar absorbance and a low thermal emittance. The present work describes the synthesis and characterization of semiconducting CuO nanoparticles via one-step, solid-state reaction in the presence of Polyethylene glycol 400 as size controlling agent for the preparation of CuO nanoparticles at different temperatures. Solid-state mechanochemical processing, which is not only a physical size reduction process in conventional milling but also a chemical reaction, is mechanically activated at the nanoscale during grinding. The present method is a simple and efficient method of preparing nanoparticles with high yield at low cost. The structural and chemical composition of the nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer, respectively. Optical properties and band gap of CuO nanoparticles were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. These results showed that the band gap energy decreased with increase of annealing temperature, which can be attributed to the improvement in grain size of the samples.
Effect of Synthesis Method on Photoluminescence Properties of Na2Sr2Al2PO4Cl9:Ce3+ Nanophosphor
Authors: Shinde K. N. , Dhoble S. J. , Park K. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We have synthesized a series of single-composition emission Na2Sr2Al2PO4Cl9:Ce3+ phosphor by traditional solid state reactions and novel combustion method. Formation of compound was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra were observed at 376 nm when excited around 322 nm for the various concentrations in both cases. The PL emission spectra of phosphors showed strong Ce3+ emission due to the 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ ions. The Ce3+ emission intensity in Na2Sr2Al2PO4Cl9:Ce3+ prepared by combustion was higher than that of solid state reactions.
Controllable Hydrothermal Synthesis and Properties of ZnO Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructures
Authors: Li Weifei , Sun Yangang , Xu Jingli 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A simple hydrothermal route has been developed for the fabricating ZnO hierarchical micro/nanostructure with excellent reproducibility. SEM and TEM analysis show that the hierarchical rod is a single-crystal, suggesting that many single-crystal micro/nanorods are assembled into ZnO hierarchical micro/nanostructures. The morphologies of the hierarchical rods can be conveniently tailored by changing the reaction parameters. And we also found citric acid plays a crucial role in the formation process of ZnO micro/nanostructures. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra reveals that the ZnO hierarchical micro/nanostructures have a strong emission peak at 440 nm and several weak emission peaks at 420, 471 and 541 nm, respectively.
Using Inductance as a Tuning Parameter for RF Meta-atoms
Authors: Langley Derrick , Coutu Ronald A. , Collins Peter J. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The resonant frequency of metamaterials structured with split ring resonator (SRR) meta-atoms is determined primarily through the capacitance and inductance of the individual meta-atoms. Two designs that vary inductance incrementally were modeled, simulated, fabricated, and tested to investigate the role inductance plays in metamaterial designs. The designs consisted of strategically adding sections to the SRR to increase the inductance, but in a manner that minimized capacitance variations. Each design showed a shift in resonant frequency that was proportional to the length of the added section. As the length of each section was increased, the resonant frequency shifted from 2.78 GHz to 2.18 GHz.
Cavity Control of Prefoldin Nano Actuator (PNA) by Temperature and pH
Authors: Shokuhfar Ali , Ghaffari Ali , Ghasemi Reza Hasanzadeh 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A molecular dynamics study to investigate the cavity control of Prefoldin based bio nano actuator is presented in this paper. Prefoldin is a molecular chaperone with a jellyfish-like structure containing six long coiled-coil tentacles and a large central cavity. We took the temperature and pH of the medium into account, and analyzed the conformational flexibility of the Prefoldin nano actuator in details. Results show that the prefoldin is a very flexible protein, the conformational state of which appears to depend on the temperature and pH values of the medium. In fact, combining these two control parameters, a suitable environment is provided to capture nano cargoes with specific dimensions. These properties of Prefoldin actuator can be used for drug delivery in the body.