bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare infection of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator lead with Candida albicans: case report and literature review
Authors: Rivera Nina Thakkar , Bray Natasha , Wang Hong , Zelnick Kenneth , Osman Ahmed , Vicuña Ricardo 
Published: June 2014

Infection of implanted cardiac devices has a low rate of occurrence. Fungal infections of such devices represent an atypical phenomenon, associated with high mortality. Both medical and surgical therapies are recommended for a successful outcome. A 60-year-old woman with past medical history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement, sarcoidosis and diabetes presented with fevers and atypical pleuritic chest pain. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a highly mobile 2.09 cm by 4.49 cm mass associated with the ICD wire. Blood cultures were positive for Candida albicans. The patient underwent sternotomy for removal. The vegetation was 4 cm by 2 cm by 2 cm in size, attached to the right ventricle without interference with the tricuspid valve. The patient was treated with micafungin for 2 weeks and then fluconazole for 6 weeks. In this case report, we describe the rare infection of an ICD lead with C. albicans, in the form of a fungal ball. This is the 18th reported case of Candida device-related endocarditis and the first reported in a woman. Prior case reports have occurred primarily in pacemaker rather than ICD leads. The vegetation size is also one of the largest that has been reported, measuring 4 cm at its greatest length. As Candida device-related endocarditis is so rare, and as fatality occurs in half of cases, clinical management can only be derived from sporadic case reports. Therefore, the course of this patient’s disease care will be a useful adjunct to the current literature for determining treatment and prognosis in similar cases.
Assessing bowel preparation quality using the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy
Authors: Hillyer Grace Clarke , Lebwohl Benjamin , Rosenberg Richard M. , Neugut Alfred I. , Wolf Randi , Basch Corey H. , Mata Jennie , Hernandez Edwin , Corley Douglas A. , Shea Steven , Basch Charles E. 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The quality of the bowel preparation directly influences colonoscopy effectiveness. Quality indicators are widely employed to monitor operator performance and to gauge colonoscopy effectiveness. Some have suggested that the enumeration of the mean number of adenomas per colonoscopy (MNA) may be a more useful measure of bowel preparation quality, but evidence of the utility of this metric is limited. The relationship between bowel preparation quality and MNA was assessed. Methods: Records of adult patients, aged 50–74 years, who had undergone a screening colonoscopy in a 6 month period at a hospital-based endoscopy suite in New York City were examined. Excluded were those who were symptomatic or having a colonoscopy for surveillance. Patient and procedural characteristics and clinical findings were abstracted from the endoscopy database. Bowel preparation quality was recorded as excellent, good, fair and poor. Histology and size of polyps removed were gathered from pathology reports. MNA was calculated and incident rate ratios assessing the relationship between bowel preparation quality, MNA, and covariates was calculated using Poisson regression. Results: A total of 2422 colonoscopies were identified; 815 (33.6%) were screening colonoscopies among average risk individuals, 50–74 years; 203 (24.9%) had ≥1 adenomas; and 666 (81.7%) had excellent/good preparation quality. Overall MNA was 0.34 [standard deviation (SD) 0.68] and MNA was greater among those >60 years [incident rate ratio (IRR) 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–2.42), males (IRR 1.60, 95%CI 1.26–2.04) and those with good bowel preparation (IRR 2.54, 95%CI 1.04–6.16). Among those with ≥1 adenomas, MNA was 1.48 (SD 1.05) for excellent and 1.00 (SD 0.00) for poor quality preparation ( p = 0.55). Conclusions: We found that MNA is sensitive to changes in bowel preparation with higher MNA among those with good bowel preparation compared with those with poor preparation. Our evidence suggests MNA was particularly sensitive when restricted to only those in whom adenomas were seen.
Hemostatic disorders in a JAK2V617F-driven mouse model of myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Lamrani Lamia , Lacout Catherine , Ollivier Véronique , Denis Cécile V. , Gardiner Elizabeth , Ho Tin Noe Benoit , Vainchenker William , Villeval Jean-Luc , Jandrot-Perrus Martine 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
Mice constitutively developing a JAK2V617F-induced PV exhibit a bleeding tendency combined with the accelerated formation of unstable clots. Hemostatic defects are not concomitant with JAK2V617F expression, suggesting they are not directly caused by the mutation.
The polycomb repressive complex 2 governs life and death of peripheral T cells
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Kinkel Sarah , Maksimovic Jovana , Bandala-Sanchez Esther , Tanzer Maria C. , Naselli Gaetano , Zhang Jian-Guo , Zhan Yifan , Lew Andrew M. , Silke John , Oshlack Alicia , Blewitt Marnie E. , Harrison Leonard C. 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
Ezh2 represses Ifng, Gata3, and Il10 loci in naïve CD4+T cells, and its deficiency leads to Th1 skewing and IL-10 overproduction in Th2 cells. Ezh2 deficiency activates multiple death pathways in differentiated effector Th cells.
A systems approach to hemostasis: 3. Thrombus consolidation regulates intrathrombus solute transport and local thrombin activity
Authors: Stalker Timothy J. , Welsh John D. , Tomaiuolo Maurizio , Wu Jie , Colace Thomas V. , Diamond Scott L. , Brass Lawrence F. 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
β3 integrin tyrosine phosphorylation regulates thrombus consolidation in vivo. Intrathrombus solute transport regulates local thrombin activity and platelet activation during hemostatic thrombus formation in vivo.
A systems approach to hemostasis: 1. The interdependence of thrombus architecture and agonist movements in the gaps between platelets
Authors: Welsh John D. , Stalker Timothy J. , Voronov Roman , Muthard Ryan W. , Tomaiuolo Maurizio , Diamond Scott L. , Brass Lawrence F. 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
Thrombus formation and contraction alters local molecular transport, which regulates agonist distribution and platelet activation. Semaphorin 4D contact-dependent signaling increases platelet activation, but does not affect platelet packing or agonist transport.
A systems approach to hemostasis: 2. Computational analysis of molecular transport in the thrombus microenvironment
Authors: Tomaiuolo Maurizio , Stalker Timothy J. , Welsh John D. , Diamond Scott L. , Sinno Talid , Brass Lawrence F. 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsHindered diffusion becomes the dominant force of molecular movement in a thrombus. The thrombus core acts as a selective molecular prison.
Fibrinogen γ′ increases the sensitivity to activated protein C in normal and factor V Leiden plasma
Authors: Omarova Farida , Uitte de Willige Shirley , Simioni Paolo , Ariëns Robert A. S. , Bertina Rogier M. , Rosing Jan , Castoldi Elisabetta 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsFibrinogen, and particularly fibrinogen γ′, counteracts plasma APC resistance, the most common risk factor for venous thrombosis. The C-terminal peptide of the fibrinogen γ′ chain inhibits protein C activation, but still improves the response of plasma to APC.
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome: von Willebrand factor propeptide to von Willebrand factor antigen ratio predicts remission status
Authors: Lee Adrienne , Sinclair Gary , Valentine Karen , James Paula , Poon Man-Chiu 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
Remission status in relapsing-remitting AVWS depends on the balance of VWF clearance by anti-VWF antibody and VWF secretion. VWFpp:Ag ratio is a simple assay that provides information on this balance and predicts remission status in this case of AVWS.
Baboon envelope pseudotyped LVs outperform VSV-G-LVs for gene transfer into early-cytokine-stimulated and resting HSCs
Authors: Girard-Gagnepain Anais , Amirache Fouzia , Costa Caroline , Lévy Camille , Frecha Cecilia , Fusil Floriane , Nègre Didier , Lavillette Dimitri , Cosset François-Loïc , Verhoeyen Els 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsNew LVs allow transduction of unstimulated hematopoietic stem cells.
Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to the vessel wall under flow is mediated by von Willebrand factor–binding protein
Authors: Claes Jorien , Vanassche Thomas , Peetermans Marijke , Liesenborghs Laurens , Vandenbriele Christophe , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Missiakas Dominique , Schneewind Olaf , Hoylaerts Marc F. , Heying Ruth , Verhamme Peter 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsvWbp mediates adhesion of S aureus under flow to activated endothelial cells and the subendothelium via VWF. vWbp activates prothrombin and triggers the formation of bacteria–fibrin–platelet aggregates, which enhance adhesion to vessels under flow.
Metabolic syndrome among psychiatric outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders
Authors: Hung Ching-I , Liu Chia-Yih , Hsiao Mei-Chun , Yu Nan-Wen , Chu Chun-Lin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Few studies have simultaneously compared the impacts of pharmacotherapy and mental diagnoses on metabolic syndrome (MetS) among psychiatric outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of pharmacotherapy and mental diagnoses on MetS and the prevalence of MetS among these patients.

Methods
Two-hundred and twenty-nine outpatients (men/women = 85/144) were enrolled from 1147 outpatients with mood and anxiety disorders by systematic sampling. Psychiatric disorders and MetS were diagnosed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR and the new International Diabetics Federation definition, respectively. The numbers of antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants being taken were recorded. Logistic regression was used to investigate the impacts of pharmacotherapy and psychiatric diagnoses on MetS.

Results
Among 229 subjects, 51 (22.3%) fulfilled the criteria for MetS. The prevalence of MetS was highest in the bipolar I disorder (46.7%) patients, followed by bipolar II disorder (25.0%), major depressive disorder (22.0%), anxiety-only disorders (16.7%), and no mood and/or anxiety disorders (14.3%). The percentages of MetS among the five categories were correlated with those of the patients being treated with antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Use of antipsychotics and/or mood stabilizers independently predicted a higher risk of MetS after controlling for demographic variables and psychiatric diagnoses. When adding body mass index (BMI) as an independent variable in the regression model, BMI became the most significant factor to predict MetS.

Conclusion
BMI was found to be an important factor related to MetS. Pharmacotherapy might be one of underlying causes of elevated BMI. The interactions among MetS, BMI, pharmacotherapy, and psychiatric diagnoses might need further research.
Rapamycin up-regulation of autophagy reduces infarct size and improves outcomes in both permanent MCAL, and embolic MCAO, murine models of stroke
Authors: Buckley Kathleen M , Hess Daniel L , Sazonova Irina Y , Periyasamy-Thandavan Sudharsan , Barrett John R , Kirks Russell , Grace Harrison , Kondrikova Galina , Johnson Maribeth H , Hess David C , Schoenlein Patricia V , Hoda Md Nasrul , Hill William D 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background and purpose
The role of autophagy in response to ischemic stroke has been confusing with reports that both enhancement and inhibition of autophagy decrease infarct size and improve post-stroke outcomes. We sought to clarify this by comparing pharmacologic modulation of autophagy in two clinically relevant murine models of stroke.

Methods
We used rapamycin to induce autophagy, and chloroquine to block completion of autophagy, by treating mice immediately after stroke and at 24 hours post-stroke in two different models; permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation (MCAL), which does not allow for reperfusion of distal trunk of middle cerebral artery, and Embolic Clot Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (eMCAO) which allows for a slow reperfusion similar to that seen in most human stroke patients. Outcome measures at 48 hours post-stroke included infarct size analysis, behavioral assessment using Bederson neurological scoring, and survival.

Results
Chloroquine treatment reduced the lesion size by approximately 30% and was significant only in the eMCAO model, where it also improved the neurological score, but did not increase survival. Rapamycin reduced lesion size by 44% and 50% in the MCAL and eMCAO models, respectively. Rapamycin also improved the neurological score to a greater degree than chloroquine and improved survival.

Conclusions
While both inhibition and enhancement of autophagy by pharmacological intervention decreased lesion size and improved neurological scores, the enhancement with rapamycin showed a greater degree of improvement in outcomes as well as in survival. The protective action seen with chloroquine may be in part due to off-target effects on apoptosis separate from blocking lysosomal activity in autophagy. We conclude pharmacologic induction of autophagy is more advantageous than its blockade in physiologically-relevant permanent and slow reperfusion stroke models.
A comparison of three 67/68Ga-labelled exendin-4 derivatives for β-cell imaging on the GLP-1 receptor: the influence of the conjugation site of NODAGA as chelator
Authors: Jodal Andreas , Lankat-Buttgereit Brigitte , Brom Maarten , Schibli Roger , Béhé Martin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Various diseases derive from pathologically altered β-cells. Their function can be increased, leading to hyperinsulinism, or decreased, resulting in diabetes. Non-invasive imaging of the β-cell-specific glucagon-like peptide receptor-1 (GLP-1R) would allow the assessment of both β-cell mass and derived tumours, potentially improving the diagnosis of various conditions. We tested three new 67/68Ga-labelled derivatives of exendin-4, an agonist of GLP-1R, in vitro and in vivo. We determined the influence of the chelator NODAGA conjugated to resident lysines either at positions 12 and 27 or the C-terminally attached lysine at position 40 on the binding and kinetics of the peptide.

Methods
Binding and internalisation of 67Ga-labelled Ex4NOD12, Ex4NOD27 and Ex4NOD40 were tested on Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells stably transfected to express the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). In vivo biodistribution of 68Ga-labelled peptides was investigated in CD1 nu/nu mice with subcutaneous CHL-GLP-1R positive tumours; the specificity of the binding to GLP-1R was determined by pre-injecting excess peptide.

Results
All peptides showed good in vitro binding affinities to GLP-1R in the range of 29 to 54 nM. 67/68Ga-Ex4NOD40 and 67/68Ga-Ex4NOD12 show excellent internalisation (>30%) and high specific uptake in GLP-1R positive tissue, but high activity was also found in the kidneys.

Conclusions
We show that of the three peptides, Ga-Ex4NOD40 and Ga-Ex4NOD12 demonstrate the most favourable in vitro properties and in vivo binding to GLP-1R positive tissue. Therefore, we conclude that the lysines at positions 12 and 40 might preferentially be utilised for modifying exendin-4.
Comparative cation dependency of sugar transport by crustacean hepatopancreas and intestine
Authors: Duka Ada , Ahearn Gregory A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Glucose is transported in crustacean hepatopancreas and intestine by Na+-dependent co-transport, while Na+-dependent D-fructose influx has only been described for the hepatopancreas. It is still unclear if the two sugars are independently transported by two distinct cation-dependent co-transporter carrier systems. In this study, lobster (Homarus americanus) hepatopancreas brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were used to characterize, in detail, the cation-dependency of both D-[3H]-glucose and D-[3H]-fructose influxes, while in vitro perfused intestines were employed to determine the nature of cation-dependent sugar transport across this organ. Over the sodium concentration range of 0–100 mM, both [3H]-glucose and [3H]-fructose influxes (0.1 mM; 1 min uptakes) by hepatopancreatic BBMV were hyperbolic functions of [Na+]. [3H]-glucose and [3H]-fructose influxes by hepatopancreatic BBMV over a potassium concentration range of 15–100 mM were hyperbolic functions of [K+]. Both sugars displayed significant (p&lt;0.01) Na+/K+-dependent and cation-independent uptake processes. Transepithelial 25 µM [3H]-glucose and [3H]-fructose fluxes across lobster intestine over luminal sodium and potassium concentration ranges of 0–50 mM and 5–100 mM, respectively, were hyperbolic functions of luminal [Na+] and [K+]. As with hepatopancreatic sugar transport, transepithelial intestinal sugar transport exhibited both significant (p&lt;0.01) Na+/K+-dependent and cation-independent processes. Results suggest that both D-glucose and D-fructose are transported by a single SGLT-type carrier in each organ with sodium being the “preferred”, high affinity, cation for both sugars in the hepatopancreas, and potassium being the “preferred”, high affinity, cation for both sugars in the intestine.
ERM proteins at a glance
Authors: McClatchey Andrea I. 
Published: June 2014

The cell cortex is a dynamic and heterogeneous structure that governs cell identity and behavior. The ERM proteins (ezrin, radixin and moesin) are major architects of the cell cortex, and they link plasma membrane phospholipids and proteins to the underlying cortical actin cytoskeleton. Recent studies in several model systems have uncovered surprisingly dynamic and complex molecular activities of the ERM proteins and have provided new mechanistic insight into how they build and maintain cortical domains. Among many well-established and essential functions of ERM proteins, this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster will focus on the role of ERMs in organizing the cell cortex during cell division and apical morphogenesis. These examples highlight an emerging appreciation that the ERM proteins both locally alter the mechanical properties of the cell cortex, and control the spatial distribution and activity of key membrane complexes, establishing the ERM proteins as a nexus for the physical and functional organization of the cell cortex and making it clear that they are much more than scaffolds.
This article is part of a Minifocus on Establishing polarity. For further reading, please see related articles: ‘Establishment of epithelial polarity – GEF who's minding the GAP?’ by Siu Ngok et al. (J. Cell Sci. 127, [153197]). ‘Integrins and epithelial cell polarity’ by Jessica Lee and Charles Streuli (J. Cell Sci. 127, [146142]).
Sow Productivity on Commercial Pig Farms in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Angjelovski Branko , Cvetkovikj Aleksandar , Mrenoshki Slavcho , Gjurovski Ivica , Dejanoski Toni , Dovenski Toni 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to determine the production performances of sows on commercial pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia, to compare the differences in sow productivity data between small and large farms and to examine interrelationships of key production parameters among farms with different sizes. The study was retrospectively based and included the annual (2012) analyses of the sow productivity data in small (<200 sows, n=4) and large (200-1000 sows, n=5) commercial pig farms. The data was statistically evaluated and compared with the known literature. Sows productivity was greater on the small farms compared to the large ones. The small farms had larger litter per sow (PBL), more pigs born alive (PBA), higher weaning weight (WW) and more pigs weaned per sow per litter (PWSL) than the large ones (p<0.001). Small farms also had greater farrowing rate (FR) (p<0.01). Higher replacement rate (RR), lower average parity (AP), greater number of litters per sow per year (LSY) and higher sow death rate (SDR) were observed in large farms (p<0.001). The large farms also had less non-productive days (NPD) than the small farms (p<0.001). Different intensity of correlations also were observed for several productive parameters among the farm groups. The data obtained in this study show that sow productivity on Macedonian pig farms is lower than in EU countries. Small herds are more efficient than the large herds. Despite all limitations, our study provides information for veterinarians regarding reproductive parameters of sows and their interrelationships on Macedonian pig farms. Further investigation should be made in order to identify whether specific management factors have effect on the productivity of the breeding herd.
Discourses of terror: The U.S. from the viewpoint of the ‘Other’
Authors: Makoni Sinfree 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDiscourses on terror have been encrypted in the events of 9/11 in 2001 perhaps more than any single event since the end of the Cold War. Even though these discourses are projected as a global phenomenon, very few studies have analysed how they are framed by non-U.S. actors, especially by al-Qaeda and to some extent al-Shabaab. An analysis of discourses of terror by al-Qaeda is invaluable in determining how the U.S. is represented from the perspectives of the “other.” Using Critical Discourse Analysis as an analytic and interpretive framework, this article analyses al-Qaeda declassified intelligence reports captured by the U.S. in order to establish a view of “terror” from an al-Qaeda insider perspective. The article argues that there is a convergence of ideas and overlap in terms of the discourses of terror between the U.S. and al-Qaeda, which is ironic because of the firm distinction made by the U.S. government between “us” – the civilized nations – and “them” – the barbarian, evil murderers of innocent civilians.
Receptive multilingualism in Turkish-Turkmen academic counseling sessions
Authors: Sağın-Şimşek Çiğdem 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study examines a case of receptive multilingual communication in academic counseling sessions with participants of Turkish and Turkmen languages. In particular, the study aims to explore the contribution of linguistic and extralinguistic factors that might facilitate and/or constraint interlocutors' understanding in receptive multilingual communications. To this end, elicited conversations of a Turkish academic advisor and a Turkmen university student were video recorded and analyzed. The analysis shows that linguistic factors such as morpho-syntactic and lexical similarities between these languages do not guarantee but facilitate understanding. As for the extralinguistic factors, the study confirms that the use of institutional keywords in academic counseling sessions activates interlocutors' common institutional knowledge and, thereupon, the interlocutors' understanding is facilitated.
A C++ Template Library for Efficient Forward-Time Population Genetic Simulation of Large Populations
Authors: Thornton Kevin R 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
fwdpp is a C++ library of routines intended to facilitate the development of forward-time simulations under arbitrary mutation and fitness models. The library design provides a combination of speed, low memory overhead, and modeling flexibility not currently available from other forward simulation tools. The library is particularly useful when the simulation of large populations is required, as programs implemented using the library are much more efficient than other available forward simulation programs.