bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Destructive Symptomatic Frames in Clinical Adolescents: Is the Same Different?
Authors: Cruz Diana , Narciso Isabel , Pereira Cícero , Sampaio Daniel 
Published: June 2014

This study examines individual and family predictors of different self‐destructive patterns—only suicidal ideation, only nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI), or suicide attempts (that may also include both suicide ideation (SI) and NSSI)—in a sample of outpatient adolescents (N = 42; 86% females) with mean age of 16 years (SD = 1.86). Results indicated that there are differences in youngsters with self‐destructive behaviors in their perception of paternal rejection and maternal control, when compared with youngsters reporting only SI. Adolescents from the groups with self‐destructive behaviors differ only in age. Together, these data highlight the relevance of adopting an ecosystemic perspective, which includes both the patients and their families, regarding treatment and prevention of self‐destructive symptomatic frames.
Chocolate frogs do not increase completion of parent survey: Randomised study
Authors: Price Anna MH , Coates Cathy , Symeonides Christos , Hiscock Harriet , Smith Libby , York Elissa , Hennel Sabine 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFour months into a year‐long, national survey assessing parents' experiences of a child's diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, our response fraction was only 23%. We aimed to determine whether including a chocolate incentive in the postal survey would increase the response fraction. Families enrolled between 15 March and 25 May 2012 were randomised to receive a chocolate frog versus no chocolate frog. Both groups received a written reminder and replacement survey 2 weeks after the survey was posted and up to two telephone reminders thereafter. We analysed the effect of the incentive using χ2 tests for the categorical response variable and t‐tests for the continuous reminder and length of response variables at the end of (i) randomisation and (ii) the study (1 November 2012). A total of 137 families were randomised in the 6‐week period. Parents who received an incentive were more likely to return a completed survey in the 6 weeks than those who did not (21% vs. 6%, P = 0.009). This effect faded by the end of the study (53% vs. 42%, P = 0.4). There were no differences between groups at either follow‐up in the number of reminders that parents received or the number of days it took parents to return the survey. Including a chocolate‐based incentive does not significantly increase response rate in a postal survey over and above standard reminder techniques like posting follow‐up survey packs or phoning families.
Is physiotherapy effective in the management of child and adolescent conversion disorder? A systematic review
Authors: FitzGerald Tara L , Southby Alesha K , Haines Terrence P , Hough Janet P , Skinner Elizabeth H 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChild and adolescent conversion disorder has the potential to impart significant burden on health‐care services and affect quality of life. Clinically, physiotherapists are involved in conversion disorder management; however, no systematic reviews have examined physiotherapy effectiveness in its management. The aim of this review is to identify the efficacy of physiotherapy management of child and adolescent conversion disorder. A search of multiple databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, PEDro and the Cochrane Library) was completed along with manual searching of relevant reference lists to identify articles including children 0–18 years with a diagnosis of conversion disorder who received physical management. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts using criteria. Data were extracted regarding study characteristics, functional outcome measures, length of stay, physiotherapy service duration and resolution of conversion symptoms. Methodological quality was assessed using a tool designed for observational studies. Twelve observational studies were included. No functional outcome measures were used to assess the effectiveness of the treatment protocols in the case studies. Resolution of symptoms occurred in all but two cases, with conversion symptoms still present at 11 months and at 2 years. Length of stay varied from 3 days to 16 weeks, with similar variation evident in length of physiotherapy service provision (2.5 weeks to 16 weeks). There was limited and poor quality evidence to establish the efficacy of physiotherapy management of child and adolescent conversion disorders. More rigorous study designs with consistent use of reliable, valid and sensitive functional outcome measures are needed in this area.
Primary health‐care costs associated with special health care needs up to age 7 years: Australian population‐based study
Authors: Quach Jon , Oberklaid Frank , Gold Lisa , Lucas Nina , Mensah Fiona K , Wake Melissa 
Published: June 2014

AimWe studied infants and children with and without special health care needs (SHCN) during the first 8 years of life to compare the (i) types and costs to the government's Medicare system of non‐hospital health‐care services and prescription medication in each year and (ii) cumulative costs according to persistence of SHCN.MethodsData from the first two biennial waves of the nationally representative Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, comprising two independent cohorts recruited in 2004, at ages 0–1 (n = 5107) and 4–5 (n = 4983) years. Exposure condition: parent‐reported Children with Special Health Care Needs Screener at both waves, spanning ages 0–7 years. Outcome measure: Federal Government Medicare expenditure, via data linkage to the Medicare database, on non‐hospital health‐care attendances and prescriptions from birth to 8 years.ResultsAt both waves and in both cohorts, >92% of children had complete SHCN and Medicare data. The proportion of children with SHCN increased from 6.1% at age 0–1 years to 15.0% at age 6–7 years. Their additional Medicare costs ranged from $491 per child at 6–7 years to $1202 at 0–1 year. This equates to an additional $161.8 million annual cost or 0.8% of federal funding for non‐hospital‐based health care. In both cohorts, costs were highest for children with persistent SHCNs.ConclusionsSHCNs incur substantial non‐hospital costs to Medicare, and no doubt other sources of care, from early childhood. This suggests that economic evaluations of early prevention and intervention services for SHCNs should consider impacts on not only the child and family but also the health‐care system.
Effects of soyabean meal‐ or whey‐based diets on lipid metabolism in weaned piglets
Authors: Theodorou G. , Papadomichelakis G. , Tsiplakou E. , Lampidonis A. D. , Chadio S. , Zervas G. , Politis I. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe present study aimed to test the hypothesis that dietary protein source influences lipid metabolism‐related parameters weaned piglets. The effects of soyabean meal (SB) and whey proteins (WP) on gene expression of several genes involved in the lipogenic process in liver, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues, plasma insulin concentration and fatty acid (FA) profile were investigated in 18 weaned piglets. Weaned piglets were fed one of two diets containing either SB or WP as the main protein source. Following a 10‐h fasting period, plasma insulin concentration and FA profile were assessed at 56 and 72 days of age, whereas gene expression in liver, VAT and SAT was assessed at 72 days of age. Plasma insulin concentration was not affected by diet, although it was 40% lower in SB fed pigs. The SB pigs had lower 14:0 (p < 0.01) and higher 18:3n‐3 (p < 0.001) levels in plasma in comparison with WP pigs. However, these changes were attributed to background differences in the dietary FA profile and not to a direct protein source effect. Gene expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP‐1) in liver and VAT were lower (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) in SB compared to WP fed piglets, but no differences occurred in SAT. No changes were observed in sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 2, liver X receptor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors α and γ and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 mRNA levels, either in liver or in adipose tissues. In conclusion, dietary protein source, accompanied likely by side alterations in the dietary composition, affects lipid metabolism in pigs through the downregulation of SREBP‐1, which is a crucial determinant of lipogenic process.
Adaptive evolution of α‐amylase genes in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) on micro and macro scales
Authors: LIU Ya‐Xi , WANG Ji‐Rui , LIU Ze‐Hou , WANG Yan , CHEN Xing , HENRY Robert J. , WEI Yu‐Ming , NEVO Eviatar , ZHENG You‐Liang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlpha‐amylases play essential roles in germination, and the malting and brewing processes, by hydrolyzing starch granules present in the endosperm of barley. Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch, the progenitor of cultivated barley that harbors rich genetic diversity, was collected from seven different environments. To investigate the influence of microclimatic ecological divergence on α‐amylase, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in amy genes from these populations were determined. A total of 16 and 17 SNPs were detected in the coding sequences of amy1 and amy2, respectively, from the seven wild barley populations. Among these SNPs, three in amy1‐2 and nine in amy2‐2 were significantly associated with ecological factors. The genetic divergence of amy sequences was significantly different among the populations. Natural microclimatic selection was apparently the major evolutionary driving force causing interslope divergence and adaptive evolution of these genes. The genetic variation in amy1‐2 and amy2‐2 was at least partly ecologically determined in these populations, representing adaptive patterns generated by natural selection. The SNPs were apparently generated by natural selection in climatic environmental patterns at both the micro (“Evolution Canyon”) and macro (across Israel, Galilee, and Negev) scales.
Help from the dead: facilitation during succession can start when neighbours die
Authors: Wilson Scott D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResco de Dios et al. (2014, this issue) show a shift from negative to positive effects on woody seedlings when grass neighbours died in the second half of a 4‐yr study. Further experiments are needed to unambiguously assign the effects to living and dead neighbours, but the study raises intriguing possibilities, and yet another link between ecosystem‐level ecology and population biology.
Natural loss‐of‐function mutation of EDR1 conferring resistance to tomato powdery mildew in Arabidopsis thaliana accession C24
Authors: Gao Dongli , Appiano Michela , Huibers Robin P. , Loonen Annelies E. H. M. , Visser Richard G. F. , Wolters Anne‐Marie A. , Bai Yuling 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTo screen for potentially novel types of resistance to tomato powdery mildew Oidium neolycopersici, a disease assay was performed on 123 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Forty accessions were fully resistant, and one, C24, was analysed in detail. By quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of an F2 population derived from C24 × Sha (susceptible accession), two QTLs associated with resistance were identified in C24. Fine mapping of QTL‐1 on chromosome 1 delimited the region to an interval of 58 kb encompassing 15 candidate genes. One of these was Enhanced Disease Resistance 1 (EDR1). Evaluation of the previously obtained edr1 mutant of Arabidopsis accession Col‐0, which was identified because of its resistance to powdery mildew Golovinomyces cichoracearum, showed that it also displayed resistance to O. neolycopersici. Sequencing of EDR1 in our C24 germplasm (referred to as C24‐W) revealed two missing nucleotides in the second exon of EDR1 resulting in a premature stop codon. Remarkably, C24 obtained from other laboratories does not contain the EDR1 mutation. To verify the identity of C24‐W, a DNA region containing a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) unique to C24 was sequenced showing that C24‐W contains the C24‐specific nucleotide. C24‐W showed enhanced resistance to O. neolycopersici compared with C24 not containing the edr1 mutation. Furthermore, C24‐W displayed a dwarf phenotype, which was not associated with the mutation in EDR1 and was not caused by the differential accumulation of pathogenesis‐related genes. In conclusion, we identified a natural edr1 mutant in the background of C24.
Involvement of YODA and mitogen activated protein kinase 6 in Arabidopsis post‐embryogenic root development through auxin up‐regulation and cell division plane orientation
Authors: Smékalová Veronika , Luptovčiak Ivan , Komis George , Šamajová Olga , Ovečka Miroslav , Doskočilová Anna , Takáč Tomáš , Vadovič Pavol , Novák Ondřej , Pechan Tibor , Ziemann Anja , Košútová Petra , Šamaj Jozef 
Published: June 2014

Summary

The role of YODA MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE KINASE 4 (MAPKKK4) upstream of MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 6 (MPK6) was studied during post‐embryonic root development of Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mutants of YODA (yda1 and ΔNyda1) were characterized in terms of root patterning, endogenous auxin content and global proteomes.

We surveyed morphological and cellular phenotypes of yda1 and ΔNyda1 mutants suggesting possible involvement of auxin. Endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) levels were up‐regulated in both mutants. Proteomic analysis revealed up‐regulation of auxin biosynthetic enzymes tryptophan synthase and nitrilases in these mutants. The expression, abundance and phosphorylation of MPK3, MPK6 and MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 65‐1 (MAP65‐1) were characterized by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses and interactions between MAP65‐1, microtubules and MPK6 were resolved by quantitative co‐localization studies and co‐immunoprecipitations.

yda1 and ΔNyda1 mutants showed disoriented cell divisions in primary and lateral roots, abortive cytokinesis, and differential subcellular localization of MPK6 and MAP65‐1. They also showed deregulated expression of TANGLED1 (TAN1), PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN 1 (POK1), and GAMMA TUBULIN COMPLEX PROTEIN 4 (GCP4).

The findings that MPK6 localized to preprophase bands (PPBs) and phragmoplasts while the mpk6‐4 mutant transformed with MPK6AEF (alanine (A)–glutamic acid (E)–phenylanine (F)) showed a root phenotype similar to that of yda1 demonstrated that MPK6 is an important player downstream of YODA. These data indicate that YODA and MPK6 are involved in post‐embryonic root development through an auxin‐dependent mechanism regulating cell division and mitotic microtubule (PPB and phragmoplast) organization.
Eckols reduce dental pulp inflammation through the ERK1/2 pathway independent of COX‐2 inhibition
Authors: Paudel U , Lee Y‐H , Kwon T‐H , Park N‐H , Yun B‐S , Hwang P‐H , Yi H‐K 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate the role of 6‐6 bieckol (EB1) and pholorofucofuroeckol‐A (EB5) from brown seaweed marine algae (Eisenia bicyclis) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).MethodsThe cytotoxicity of EB1 and EB5 was examined by MTT assay on LPS‐induced human dental pulp cells. Their role on expression of inflammatory, odontogenic, and osteogenic molecules was determined by Western blot analysis. The dentin mineralization was checked by alkaline phosphatase activity.ResultsThe five compounds from E. bicyclis have different structure with non‐cytotoxic in HDPCs. EB1 and EB5 showed anti‐inflammatory properties and inhibited phosphorylated‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (p‐ERK1/2) and phosphorylated‐c‐jun N‐terminal kinases (p‐JNK) without any cytotoxicity. In particular, EB1 inhibited cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and p‐ERK1/2 signaling, and EB5 inhibited only p‐ERK1/2 signaling but not COX‐2. Both compounds inhibited nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) translocation. Furthermore, EB1 and EB5 increased dentinogenic and osteogenic molecules, and dentin mineralized via alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in LPS‐induced HDPCs.ConclusionsThis study elucidates that EB1 and EB5 have different types of anti‐inflammatory property and help in dentin formation. Therefore, these compounds derived from marine algae of E. bicyclis may be used as selective therapeutic strategies for pulpitis and oral diseases.
Common Use of Prescription Off‐Label Acne Therapy in Children Younger Than 12 Years Old
Authors: Parikh Sonal A. , Davis Scott A. , Krowchuk Daniel P. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAcne is occurring more frequently in younger age groups, but most available treatments are considered off‐label in young children. As the epidemiology of acne has changed to include younger children over the past 20 years, neither regulators, pharmaceutical companies, nor clinicians have understood the need or value of obtaining regulatory sanctions for problems physicians have managed using clinical judgment. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of off‐label acne treatment according to age and other demographic factors. We searched the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1993 to 2010 for visits in children younger than 12 years of age for the diagnosis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 706.1. We tabulated leading acne treatments and assessed factors associated with off‐label prescribing. Off‐label but appropriate acne treatments were used in 29% of acne visits for children younger than 12 years of age. Dermatologists were more likely than pediatricians to prescribe off‐label treatment (p < 0.001). The most frequently used off‐label treatments were topical retinoids, followed by oral antibiotics. There was no significant trend in the rate of off‐label prescribing over time (p = 0.40). Off‐label treatment is well within the standard of care for young children with acne. More data on the use of topical retinoids in young children will improve our understanding of their use, which may help optimize treatment outcomes for children with acne.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Analysis of Atypical Melanocytic Proliferations and Melanoma in Young Patients
Authors: DeMarchis Emilia H. , Swetter Susan M. , Jennings Charay D. , Kim Jinah 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMorphologic heterogeneity among melanocytic proliferations is a common challenge in the diagnosis of melanoma. In particular, atypical melanocytic lesions in children, adolescents, and young adults may be difficult to classify because of significant morphologic overlap with melanoma. Recently a four‐probe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol to detect chromosomal abnormalities in chromosomes 6 and 11 has shown promise for improving the classification of melanocytic lesions. We sought to determine the correlation between FISH results, morphology, and clinical outcomes in a series of challenging melanocytic proliferations in young patients. We retrospectively performed the standard four‐probe FISH analysis on 21 melanocytic neoplasms from 21 patients younger than 25 years of age (range 5–25 years, mean 14.6 years) from Stanford University Medical Center who were prospectively followed for a median of 51 months (range 1–136 months). The study cohort included patients with 5 confirmed melanomas, 2 melanocytic tumors of uncertain malignant potential (MelTUMPs), 10 morphologically challenging atypical Spitz tumors (ASTs), and 4 typical Spitz nevi. FISH detected chromosomal aberrations in all five melanomas and in one MelTUMP, in which the patient developed subsequent lymph node and distant metastasis. All 10 ASTs, 4 Spitz nevi, and 1 of 2 MelTUMPs were negative for significant gains or losses in chromosomes 6 and 11q. Our findings demonstrated a strong correlation between positive FISH results and the histomorphologic impression of melanoma. This finding was also true for the MelTUMP with poor clinical outcome. Therefore FISH may serve as a helpful adjunct in the classification of controversial melanocytic tumors in young patients.
Sensation seeking and error processing
Authors: Zheng Ya , Sheng Wenbin , Xu Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSensation seeking is defined by a strong need for varied, novel, complex, and intense stimulation, and a willingness to take risks for such experience. Several theories propose that the insensitivity to negative consequences incurred by risks is one of the hallmarks of sensation‐seeking behaviors. In this study, we investigated the time course of error processing in sensation seeking by recording event‐related potentials (ERPs) while high and low sensation seekers performed an Eriksen flanker task. Whereas there were no group differences in ERPs to correct trials, sensation seeking was associated with a blunted error‐related negativity (ERN), which was female‐specific. Further, different subdimensions of sensation seeking were related to ERN amplitude differently. These findings indicate that the relationship between sensation seeking and error processing is sex‐specific.
A tale of two mechanisms: A meta‐analytic approach toward understanding the autonomic basis of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress
Authors: Brindle Ryan C. , Ginty Annie T. , Phillips Anna C. , Carroll Douglas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA series of meta‐analyses was undertaken to determine the contributions of sympathetic and parasympathetic activation to cardiovascular stress reactivity. A literature search yielded 186 studies of sufficient quality that measured indices of sympathetic (n = 113) and/or parasympathetic activity (n = 73). A range of psychological stressors perturbed blood pressure and heart rate. There were comparable aggregate effects for sympathetic activation, as indexed by increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine, and shortened pre‐ejection period and parasympathetic deactivation, as indexed by heart rate variability measures. Effect sizes varied with stress task, sex, and age. In contrast to alpha‐adrenergic blockade, beta‐blockade attenuated cardiovascular reactivity. Cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress would appear to reflect both beta‐adrenergic activation and vagal withdrawal to a largely equal extent.
Partial Understanding and Concept Possession: A Dilemma
Authors: Verdejo Víctor M. , de Donato Rodríguez Xavier 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the light of partial (mis)understanding, we examine the thesis that concepts are individuated in terms of possession conditions and show that adherents face a fatal dilemma: Either concept‐individuating possession conditions include cases of partially (mis)understood concepts or not. If yes, possession conditions do not individuate concepts. If no, the thesis is too restricted and lacks a minimally satisfactory level of generalization.
Commanding Belief
Authors: Goldschmidt Tyron 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis essay shows three things: first, that we cannot comply with a command from God to believe in God; second, that God cannot command us to believe in God; and, third, that the divine command theory is false. The third conclusion follows from the second, and the second follows from the first. The essay focuses on an argument from the medieval Jewish philosopher, Hasdai Crescas. It also draws from, and is something of a sequel to, an argument from Brown and Nagasawa published previously in this journal.