bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent solutions of the Alber equation initialized by Joint North Sea Wave Project spectra
Authors: Ribal A. , Babanin A. V. , Young I. , Toffoli A. , Stiassnie M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLinear instability of two-dimensional wave fields and its concurrent evolution in time is here investigated by means of the Alber equation for narrow-banded random surface waves in deep water subject to inhomogeneous disturbances. The probability of freak waves in the context of these simulations is also discussed. The instability is first studied for the symmetric Lorentz spectrum, and continued for the realistic asymmetric Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) spectrum of ocean waves with variable directional spreading and steepness. It is found that instability depends on the directional spreading and parameters $\alpha $ and $\gamma $ of the JONSWAP spectrum, where $\alpha $ and $\gamma $ are the energy scale and the peak enhancement factor, respectively. Both influence the mean steepness of waves with such a spectrum, although in different ways. Specifically, if the instability stops as a result of the directional spreading, increase of the steepness by increasing $\alpha $ or $\gamma $ can reactivate it. A criterion for the instability is suggested as a dimensionless ‘width parameter’, $\Pi $. For the unstable conditions, long-time evolution is simulated by integrating the Alber equation numerically. Recurrent evolution is obtained, which is a stochastic counterpart of the Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence obtained for the cubic Schrödinger equation. This recurrence enables us to study the probability of freak waves, and the results are compared to the values given by the Rayleigh distribution. Moreover, it is found that stability–instability transition, the most unstable mode, recurrence duration and freak wave probability depend solely on the dimensionless ‘width parameter’, $\Pi $.
Strong particle dispersion by weakly dissipative random internal waves
Authors: Bühler Oliver , Grisouard Nicolas , Holmes-Cerfon Miranda 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSimple stochastic models and direct nonlinear numerical simulations of three-dimensional internal waves are combined in order to understand the strong horizontal particle dispersion at second-order in wave amplitude that arises when small-amplitude internal waves are exposed to weak dissipation. This is contrasted with the well-known results for perfectly inviscid internal waves, in which such dispersion arises only at fourth-order in wave amplitude.
Future lunar missions and investigation of dusty plasma processes on the Moon
Authors: POPEL SERGEY I. , ZELENYI LEV M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFrom the Apollo era of exploration, it was discovered that sunlight was scattered at the terminators giving rise to “horizon glow” and “streamers” above the lunar surface. Subsequent investigations have shown that the sunlight was most likely scattered by electrostatically charged dust grains originating from the surface. A renaissance is being observed currently in investigations of the Moon. The Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource missions (the latter jointly with India) are being prepared in Russia. Some of these missions will include investigations of lunar dust. Here we discuss the future experimental investigations of lunar dust within the missions of Luna-Glob and Luna-Resource. We consider the dusty plasma system over the lunar surface and determine the maximum height of dust rise. We describe mechanisms of formation of the dusty plasma system over the Moon and its main properties, determine distributions of electrons and dust over the lunar surface, and show a possibility of rising dust particles over the surface of the illuminated part of the Moon in the entire range of lunar latitudes. Finally, we discuss the effect of condensation of micrometeoriod substance during the expansion of the impact plume and show that this effect is important from the viewpoint of explanation of dust particle rise to high altitudes in addition to the dusty plasma effects.
Arctic hierarchies? Norway, status and the high north
Authors: Wilson Rowe Elana 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on one potential motivation for a state's behaviour in international affairs, namely status-seeking, in order to shed light on Norway's Arctic politics and to discuss the role of hierarchies in Arctic politics more generally. The idea that a state's political elite seek national security and economic gain is well established in international relations (IR) literature. However, another key motivation of human behaviour – seeking status and respect – is frequently overlooked as a potential factor shaping states’ behaviour. The argument begins with a brief review of post-cold war Arctic politics followed by a discussion of the status-related literature in IR. Norway's position in the Arctic Council (AC) and in bilateral relations with Russia is then examined, with particular attention paid to the extent to which other Arctic states acknowledge and confirm Norway's status claims. Norway's status as an information provider, a convener and a bridge to Russia gives the country a degree of influence in Arctic multilateral settings. Given the Arctic region's relatively peaceful nature and the emphasis on circumpolar cooperation, space has been made for creative approaches to status. Size and military or economic greatness are not always decisive factors for taking a lead in today's Arctic politics.
Human security, the Arctic Council and climate change: competition or co-existence?
Authors: Nicol Heather N. , Heininen Lassi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWe argue that the current understanding of the Arctic as a region fraught by increasing tension and competition under conditions of climate change is an incomplete story. It ignores many salient developments in furthering co-operation and human security agendas, and marginalises some of the more complex and interesting developments within the region. Such changes in ‘natural states’ do not, in and of themselves, create geopolitical and political instability. Rather, it is the way in which change is understood as a problem for institutional and international organs that creates conditions for co-operation or competition. In the Arctic today, the balance is tipped in favour of co-operation, but the situation is complex and many actors have vested interests.
Involvement of PLA2, COX and LOX inRhinella arenarumoocyte maturation
Authors: Ortiz Maria Eugenia , Bühler Marta Inés , Zelarayán Liliana Isabel 
Published: February 2013

SummaryInRhinella arenarum, progesterone is the physiological nuclear maturation inducer that interacts with the oocyte surface and starts a cascade of events that leads to germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites produced through cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways play an important role in reproductive processes. In amphibians, to date, the role of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in progesterone (P4)-induced oocyte maturation has not been clarified. In this work we studied the participation of three enzymes involved in AA metabolism – phospholipase A2(PLA2), COX and LOX inRhinella arenarumoocyte maturation. PLA2activation induced maturation inRhinella arenarumoocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Oocytes when treated with 0.08 μM melittin showed the highest response (78 ± 6% GVBD). In follicles, PLA2activation did not significantly induce maturation at the assayed doses (12 ± 3% GVBD). PLA2inhibition with quinacrine prevented melittin-induced GVBD in a dose-dependent manner, however PLA2inactivation did not affect P4-induced maturation. This finding suggests that PLA2is not the only phospholipase involved in P4-induced maturation in this species. P4-induced oocyte maturation was inhibited by the COX inhibitors indomethacin and rofecoxib (65 ± 3% and 63 ± 3% GVBD, respectively), although COX activity was never blocked by their addition. Follicles showed a similar response following the addition of these inhibitors. Participation of LOX metabolites in maturation seems to be correlated with seasonal variation in ovarian response to P4. During the February to June period (low P4response), LOX inhibition by nordihydroguaiaretic acid or lysine clonixinate increased maturation by up to 70%. In contrast, during the July to January period (high P4response), LOX inhibition had no effect on hormone-induced maturation.
Protein-losing enteropathy following the Fontan procedure in a child with intestinal lactase deficiency treated with lactose-free diet
Authors: Kienast Wolfgang , Haeseler Klaus , Herterich Reinhard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA 12-year-old girl presented with a protein-losing enteropathy. Symptoms started 4 weeks after undergoing the Fontan procedure at the age of 1.5 years for mitral atresia, ventricular septal defect, and double-outlet right ventricle. Upon referral for 3 weeks of rehabilitation after multiple interventional measures and drug treatments, she appeared in a dystrophic state, with decreased plasma protein and electrolyte levels along with occasional tetanic convulsions. Blood glucose levels after a lactose tolerance test were markedly reduced. The introduction of a lactose-free diet was quickly effective, with plasma protein and electrolyte levels raised to normal levels, and the girl's body weight increased without ascites or oedema. Molecular genetic examination revealed a homozygous C/C13910 polymorphism in the LCT gene. Conclusion: Protein-losing enteropathy in the Fontan circulation may be provoked by lactase deficiency and should therefore be ruled out to exclude this rather common condition.
Emergence of anxiety-like behaviours in depressive-like Cpefat/fat mice
Authors: Rodriguiz Ramona M. , Wilkins John J. , Creson Thomas K. , Biswas Reeta , Berezniuk Iryna , Fricker Arun D. , Fricker Lloyd D. , Wetsel William C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Cpefat/fat mice have a point mutation in carboxypeptidase E (Cpe), an exopeptidase that removes C-terminal basic amino acids from intermediates to produce bioactive peptides. The mutation renders the enzyme inactive and unstable. The absence of Cpe activity in these mutants leads to abnormal processing of many peptides, with elevated levels of intermediates and greatly reduced levels of the mature peptides. Cpefat/fat mice develop obesity, diabetes and infertility in adulthood. We examined whether anxiety- and/or depressive-like behaviours are also present. Anxiety-like responses are not evident in young Cpefat/fat mice (∼60 d), but appear in older animals (>90 d). These behaviours are reversed by acute treatment with diazepam or fluoxetine. In contrast, increased immobilities in forced swim and tail suspension are evident in all age groups examined. These behaviours are reversed by acute administration of reboxetine. In comparison acute treatments with fluoxetine or bupropion are ineffective; however, immobility times are normalized with 2 wk treatment. These data demonstrate that Cpefat/fat mice display depressive-like responses aged ∼60 d, whereas anxiety-like behaviours emerge ∼1 month later. In tail suspension, the reboxetine findings show that noradrenergic actions of antidepressants are intact in Cpefat/fat mice. The ability of acute fluoxetine treatment to rescue anxiety-like while leaving depressive-like responses unaffected suggests that serotonin mechanisms underlying these behaviours are different. Since depressive-like responses in the Cpefat/fat mice are rescued by 2 wk, but not acute, treatment with fluoxetine or bupropion, these mice may serve as a useful model that resembles human depression.
Religious Freedom and Majority Rule: Marsilius of Padua “on” Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im and the “Secular” Islamic State
Authors: Koch Bettina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im's Islam and the Secular State from the perspective of Marsilius of Padua's political theory. Both authors share similar concepts of the relationship between religion, state policy, and the state, and allow for the integration of religious doctrines into state law. Nonetheless, the Marsilian conception provides stronger protection of unbelievers' and religious dissenters' civic rights. In the broader discourse on political theory of rights, Marsilius argues in favors of individual rights and a protection of minority rights, while an-Na‘im's theory of Shari‘a reform suggests a preference for a people's self-determination.
Modeling and Simulation to Optimize the Design and Analysis of Confirmatory Trials, Characterize Risk–Benefit, and Support Label Claims
Authors: Marshall SF , Hemmings R , Josephson F , Karlsson MO , Posch M , Steimer J‐L 
Published: February 2013

The role of modeling and simulation (M&S) in the design and interpretation of phase III studies, from break out session 4 of the European Medicines Agency (EMA)/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) M&S workshop, was divided into themes illustrated with case studies (Table 1): (1) M&S being conducted to support the design of confirmatory trials; (2) longitudinal model‐based test as primary inferential analysis (biosimilarity and disease progression trials); (3) assessment of benefit–risk ratio, approval and labeling of an unstudied dose or dosing regimen, and development of future regulatory guidance.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e27; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.4; advance online publication 27 February 2013
Constructing national history in political discourse: Coherence and contradiction (Moldova, 2001-2009)
Authors: Iglesias Julien Danero 
Published: February 2013

History is one of the many instruments available for the persuasive construction of a nation. In Moldova, the Party of the Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), in office from 2001 to 2009, advocated for a Soviet-based version of the Moldovan nation. This “Moldovanism” boasted of the existence of a “Moldovan People” and was relied upon to justify the independence of the former Romanian province. Vladimir Voronin, the party's leader and president of the Republic during this period, promoted this “civic” Moldovan nation and created what seemed to be a coherent and ad hoc construction of an independent Moldovan nation.This paper focuses on communist political discourse during this eight year period. Through the use of Critical Discourse Analysis, this paper focuses on the discursive construction of the Moldovan nation. It is based on Voronin's official speeches and messages from key occasions such as Independence Day and Victory Day.This paper demonstrates the varied use of history in these speeches which improves understanding of the process of the construction of a nation. Moreover, it demonstrates that this construction, far from being coherent, was also sometimes contradictory. Indeed, discourse was adapted to the immediate context and audience. Finally, the paper explains how an explicitly “civic” discourse can be implicitly and, sometimes even explicitly, “ethnic” and “exclusive”.
DELAYED RECURRENT NEOVASCULARIZATION AND PERSISTENT AVASCULAR RETINA FOLLOWING INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB FOR RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Mehta Sonia , Hubbard G. Baker 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:
Intravitreal bevacizumab is becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmologists should be aware of potential complications and failures of this treatment.

Methods:
Case report and literature review.

Results:
A premature infant born at 23 weeks gestational age developed zone 1 stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity with plus disease in both eyes. At 36 weeks postmenstrual age, the patient was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab and the neovascularization initially regressed. However, the patient's peripheral avascular retina persisted and at 53 weeks postmenstrual age, the patient developed recurrent neovascularization and plus disease of both eyes requiring treatment with laser photocoagulation. The infant showed regression of neovascularization and improvement of plus disease after laser, but contraction of fibroglial tissue caused a tractional retinal detachment. The retina was successfully reattached after pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peel.

Conclusion:
Infants receiving intravitreal bevacizumab as primary treatment for retinopathy of prematurity can show initial regression of neovascularization with delayed recurrence of neovascularization and persistence of peripheral avascular retina greater than 4 months after initial treatment. Ophthalmologists following infants with retinopathy of prematurity treated with intravitreal bevacizumab should be aware of the possibility of delayed recurrent neovascularization and subsequent complications.
Corporate sustainability performance and firm performance research
Authors: Goyal Praveen , Rahman Zillur , Kazmi A.A. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present a taxonomy of available literature on the relation of sustainability performance and firm performance, and to provide a path for future research for this field of study.Design/methodology/approachResearch papers were collected on sustainability performance assessment from various journals available at different online databases. The unit of evaluation was a full paper published in one of the relevant journals. Papers were classified in different categories and tabulated under various classes. A total of 101 research paper sources were studied and assessed in terms of nature of research, level of analysis, and application.FindingsThe review reveals that most of the research in the field of sustainability performance and firm performance association, analyzed this relationship in developed countries. The result differs in various cultural and economic contexts and there is no universally accepted direction of this relationship. Contribution of research has also revealed a pattern of growth in recent years. Financial performance is used in most of the research as a proxy to firm performance. As discussed, the different research gaps may be exploited for further research. It also argues that further empirical research in relation of corporate sustainability performance and firm performance is required in developing countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this paper can be generalized only to the specific population of online databases selected for this research for a given period of time and not for the entire universe of the sustainability performance literature. There may be various unexploited areas for future research in terms of different variables.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils the need of a comprehensive review of corporate sustainability performance assessment literature. It provides a literature review and bibliography for the period between January 1992 and March 2011 for the use of both academicians and practitioners.
Having a strategy for new service development – does it really matter?
Authors: Edvardsson Bo , Meiren Thomas , Schäfer Adrienne , Witell Lars 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the role of key strategic factors in new service development (NSD). In particular, the role of service development strategy, a formalised development process, integrated development teams and customer co‐creation were investigated and the results were compared with managers' beliefs.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a sample of more than 500 service development projects to test a NSD conceptual model. Regression analysis was used to test the relative importance of the key strategic factors, and the results were compared with managers' beliefs.FindingsThe results show that managers believe that customer co‐creation is most important in order to succeed with NSD. However, contrary to management belief, a service development strategy is the “missing link” in improving NSD performance. In addition, the research highlighted an interaction effect between integrated development teams and customer co‐creation, which means that project managers should focus on individual competencies on the development team and how they interact with customers throughout the NSD process.Originality/valueFor a long time, NSD has failed to receive the attention it deserves, not just in practice but also in service research. This study shows that the number of new services put on the market and then withdrawn because of low sales remains as high as 43 per cent. This paper contributes knowledge on how to reduce the number of failures in NSD by pointing out the key strategic factors that influence NSD performance.
Royal accommodations: pilgrim rest houses in early colonial South India
Authors: Linderman Michael C. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis article provides background on the historical development of royal hospitality in India before the advent of commercial hospitality in the twentieth century. The aim of the paper is to insert into the historiography of commercial hospitality the ancient Indian practice of endowing pilgrim rest houses, or chattrams (choultry) for the temporary housing and feeding of travelers, religious mendicants, and other groups in Indian society. As a case study, the article focuses on the chattrams of the Maratha Kings of Tanjavur (Tanjore) in South India, especially during the reign of Raja Serfoji II (r. 1798‐1832). Serfoji, working from the palette of past practices of his forebears, expanded these practices of traditional Hindu religious hospitality to include more progressive and inclusive charity, education and hospitality during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Serfoji's munificent activities in his chattrams pose a challenge to any characterization that royal elites adapted historically dormant or static institutions to practical usage in the twentieth century.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on archival research into the role of institution building in strategies of indigenous kingship in early colonial India. The primary methodology used is content and descriptive analyses of archival documents in the Tamil language related to chattrams constructed by the Maratha court of Tanjavur between 1739 and 1855 CE.FindingsThe archival data show that the Maratha court of Tanjavur, particularly under Raja Serfoji II (r. 1798‐1832), incorporated through the chattram institution a greater variety of social groups in its charitable mandate by expanding the traditional forms of pious and ceremonial hospitality of the court to include not only religious mendicants and pilgrims, but also students, staff and European guests as well. The article reveals the manner in which such practices could sustain aspects of the traditional relationship between ruler and subject while creating newly responsive forms of social outreach to wider constituencies by an indigenous court that had been reduced to titular status under the rise of the British East India Company after 1798.Originality/valueAs yet, there has been no systematic survey of the evolution of commercial hospitality in India, nor particularly one that includes the practice of charitable rest houses in pre‐modern India. This article focuses attention on the diversified social functions of these institutions in the early colonial period in south India, and introduces these institutions as a potential precedent of later forms of commercial hospitality.