bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antipsychotics for delirium in the general hospital setting in consecutive 2453 inpatients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Hatta Kotaro , Kishi Yasuhiro , Wada Ken , Odawara Toshinari , Takeuchi Takashi , Shiganami Takafumi , Tsuchida Kazuo , Oshima Yoshio , Uchimura Naohisa , Akaho Rie , Watanabe Akira , Taira Toshihiro , Nishimura Katsuji , Hashimoto Naoko , Usui Chie , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveAttention to risk of antipsychotics for older patients with delirium has been paid. A clinical question was whether risk of antipsychotics for older patients with delirium would exceed efficacy of those even in the general hospital setting.MethodsA prospective observational study proceeded over a 1‐year period at 33 general hospitals, where at least one psychiatrist worked full time. Subjects were patients who developed delirium during their admission due to acute somatic diseases or surgery, and who received antipsychotics for delirium. The primary outcome was rates and kinds of serious adverse events.ResultsAmong 2834 patients who developed delirium, 2453 patients received antipsychotics, such as risperidone (34%), quetiapine (32%), and parenteral haloperidol (20%), for delirium. Out of 2453 patients, 22 serious adverse events (0.9%) were reported. Aspiration pneumonia was the most frequent (17 patients, 0.7%), followed by cardiovascular events (4 patients, 0.2%) and venous thromboembolism (1 patient, 0.0%). There was no patient with a fracture or intracranial injury due to a fall. No one died because of antipsychotic side effects. The mean Clinical Global Impressions—Improvement Scale score was 2.02 (SD 1.09). Delirium was resolved within 1 week in more than half of the patients (54%).ConclusionsIn the general hospital setting under management including fine dosage adjustment and early detection of side effects, risk of antipsychotics for older patients with delirium might be low, in contrast to antipsychotics for dementia in the nursing home or outpatient settings. A point may be not how to avoid using antipsychotics but how to monitor their risk. © 2013 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐year follow‐up of sentinel node–negative patients with early oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sebbesen Lars , Bilde Anders , Therkildsen Marianne , Mortensen Jann , Specht Lena , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundResection of the primary tumor followed by sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for the clinically N0 patient has been implemented in our Head and Neck University Center. The purpose of this study was to report on the outcome for patients with negative SNB.MethodsFrom April 2007 to October 2009, 53 consecutive SNB‐negative patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) T1 to T2 were accrued. Follow‐up was done continuously with the most recent examination in October 2011. The location of the sentinel lymph nodes was determined using dynamic and planar lymphoscintigraphy and single photon emission CT (SPECT)‐CT. Intraoperatively, a hand‐held gamma probe was applied. The harvested sentinel lymph nodes underwent histopathologic examination using step‐serial sectioning at 150‐μm intervals and immunohistochemistry. In the follow‐up period, we observed and examined the SNB‐negative patients for recurrence, morbidity, and mortality.ResultsFifty‐three SNB‐negative patients were identified. Eight patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) because of incomplete excision on the T site after the primary operation. An additional 2 patients received RT because of recurrences on the T site and N site. One patient died of recurrence on the T site and N site without having received additional treatment. Six patients died of nonrelated causes. During follow‐up, 3 patients with both T‐site and N‐site recurrence were found. No case of isolated recurrence on the N site only was found. Thirty‐six SNB‐negative patients treated only surgically with a median follow‐up of 37 months (range, 25–52 months) and no recurrence remain under active review.ConclusionOnly 3 of the SNB‐negative patients subsequently developed recurrence in the T site and N site. The remaining 36 patients had no N‐site recurrence at median follow‐up of 37 months. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1109–1112, 2014
MODELLING REGIME SWITCHING AND STRUCTURAL BREAKS WITH AN INFINITE HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL
Authors: Song Yong 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes an infinite hidden Markov model to integrate the regime switching and structural break dynamics in a unified Bayesian framework. Two parallel hierarchical structures, one governing the transition probabilities and another governing the parameters of the conditional data density, keep the model parsimonious and improve forecasts. This flexible approach allows for regime persistence and estimates the number of states automatically. An application to US real interest rates compares the new model to existing parametric alternatives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Structural Transformation of Resveratrol‐Modified Stearate Liposomes Led to a Spontaneous Drug Release System
Authors: Chen Li‐Chou , Lin Shih‐Shan , Li Cun‐Zhao , Hsu Hsiu‐Fu , Weng Yu‐Jong , Cheng Chien‐Chung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA mono‐substituted resveratrol derivative, resveratrol‐modified stearate (RMS), was synthesized by selectively coupling of stearic acid to the monohroxyphenyl of resveratrol in order to enhance both the stability and bioavailability of resveratrol. The RMS self‐assembles into liposomes and a series of suprastructural transformations into metastable helical ribbon, linear wire‐like structures, and inert spherical nanoparticles were detected that may be induced by the hydrogen‐bonding interactions. As a model for drug‐release investigations, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were encapsulated successfully by RMS to generate vesicles and succeed to release AuNPs druing the transformation to a ribbon‐like metastable stucture at ambient temperature.
Mandibular and hyoid muscles of galeomorph sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), with remarks on their phylogenetic intrarelationships
Authors: Soares Mateus C. , de Carvalho Marcelo R. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe superorder Galeomorph comprises the orders Heterodontiformes, Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, and Carcharhiniformes. Recent morphological and molecular support that it is a monophyletic taxon. The phyletic relationship within the Galeomorphi are also well resolved. However, only few morphological characters of the mandibular and hyoid muscles have been employed, and a detailed description of these muscles and their variations may contribute new interpretations of homology and to the discussion of different hypothesis of intrarelationships. This paper provides a detailed description of mandibular and hyoid arch muscles in galeomorph sharks, within a comparative elasmobranch framework, with the objective to discuss putative homologies that may elucidate our understanding of galeomorph evolution. Twenty‐eight galeomorph species were dissected, described, illustrated and compared with other elasmobranchs and with data from the literature. The Galeomorphi are supported as monophyletic by presenting the m. levator labii superioris attached directly to the neurocranium, different from the attachment through a tendon in basal squalomorphs. Heterodontiformes and Orectolobiformes share particular variations in the position and insertion of the m. levator labii superioris and the presence of a well‐defined m. levator hyomandibulae. Lamniformes and Carcharhiniformes show similar patterns in the position and attachment of the m. levator labii superioris, subdivision of the m. adductor mandibulae, and the presence of an almost indivisible m. levator hyomandibulae and m. constrictor hyoideus dorsalis, similar to the condition, albeit independently, in basal squalomorphs. No specific mandibular or hyoid arch muscle character was found to support the clade composed of Orectolobiformes, Lamniformes, and Carcharhiniformes, as advocated by recent phylogenetic analyses. J. Morphol. 274:1111–1123, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo hip joint contact distribution and bony impingement in normal and dysplastic human hips
Authors: Akiyama Keisuke , Sakai Takashi , Koyanagi Junichiro , Yoshikawa Hideki , Sugamoto Kazuomi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTOur objectives were to clarify the 3D articular contact areas of the in vivo normal hip joint and acetabular dysplasia during specific positions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), voxel‐based registration, and proximity mapping. Forty‐two normal and 24 dysplastic hips were examined. MRI was performed at four positions: neutral; 45° flexion; 15° extension; and the Patrick position. Femur and pelvis bone models were reconstructed at the neutral position and superimposed over the images of each different position using voxel‐based registration. The inferred cartilage contact and bony impingement were investigated using proximity mapping. The femoral head translated in the anterior or posteroinferior, anterosuperior, and posteroinferior direction from neutral to 45° flexion, 15° extension, and the Patrick position, respectively. Multiple regression analyses showed age, femoral head sphericity, and acetabular sphericity to be associated with higher hip instability. The present technique using subject‐specific models revealed the in vivo hip joint contact area in a population of healthy individuals and dysplastic patients without radioactive exposure. These results can be used for analyzing disease progression in the dysplastic hip and pathogenesis of acetabular labral tear. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1611–1619, 2013
Mechanisms of aluminum‐induced growth stimulation in tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Hajiboland Roghieh , Bahrami Rad Sara , Barceló Juan , Poschenrieder Charlotte 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBeneficial effects of aluminum (Al) on plant growth have been reported for plant species adapted to acid soils. However, mechanisms underlying the stimulatory effect of Al have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the possible contribution of photosynthesis, antioxidative defense, and the metabolism of both nitrogen and phenolics to the Al‐induced growth stimulation in tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] Kuntze) plants. In hydroponics, shoot growth achieved its maximum at 50 μM Al suply (24 μM Al3+ activity). A more than threefold increase of root biomass was observed for plants supplied with 300 μM Al (125 μM Al3+ activity). Total root length was positively related to root Al concentrations (r = 0.98). Chlorophyll a and carotenoid concentrations and net assimilation rates were considerably enhanced by Al supply in the young but not in the old leaves. Activity of nitrate reductase was not influenced by Al. Higher concentrations of soluble nitrogen compounds (nitrate, nitrite, amino acids) and reduction of protein concentrations suggest Al‐induced protein degradation. This occurred concomitantly with enhanced net CO2‐assimilation rates and carbohydrate concentrations. Aluminum treatments activated antioxidant defense enzymes and increased free proline content. Lowering of malondialdehyde concentrations by Al supply indicates that membrane integrity was not impaired by Al. Leaves and roots of Al‐treated plants had considerably lower phenolic and lignin concentrations in the cell walls, but a higher proportion of soluble phenolics. In conclusion, Al‐induced growth stimulation in tea plants was mediated by higher photosynthesis rate and increased antioxidant defense. Additionally, greater root surface area may improve water and nutrient uptake by the plants.
Collecting in situ precipitated iron oxides in their natural soil environment
Authors: Rennert Thilo , Mueller Carsten W. , Mansfeldt Tim , Lugmeier Johann 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAvoiding chemical and physical artifacts during sampling is crucial for realistic analyses of mineral and other colloids in soil. We developed a sampler, which allows for the in situ collection of Fe oxides that precipitate in their natural environment in a Bg horizon of a Calcaric Gleysol. Simultaneous measurements of redox‐sensitive parameters confirmed temporal changes from Fe‐reducing to Fe‐oxidizing conditions on site.
Liver resection for metastatic melanoma: Equivalent survival for cutaneous and ocular primaries
Authors: Ryu Seung Wook , Saw Robyn , Scolyer Richard A. , Crawford Michael , Thompson John F. , Sandroussi Charbel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe value of surgical resection in patients with hepatic metastases from melanoma is poorly documented in the literature. This study sought to determine the clinicopathologic and surgical factors predictive of outcome for melanoma patients who underwent resection of hepatic metastases.MethodsThirty‐three patients who underwent liver resection for melanoma metastases were identified from the Melanoma Institute Australia research database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identity factors predictive of recurrence and survival following liver resection for melanoma metastasis.ResultsThe actuarial 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 59% and 42%, respectively, with a median survival of 29 months (range 1–139). The 5‐year survival rates for cutaneous and ocular primary melanoma were 44% and 39%, respectively. Improved post‐hepatic metastasectomy survival was observed in patients with microscopically clear resection margins (R0, 44 months; R1/2, 12 months; P = 0.04). Although major hepatic resection was associated with improved survival (major, 70 months; minor, 23 months; P = 0.07), major hepatectomies were performed almost exclusively in patients with isolated liver metastases.ConclusionsHepatic resection for metastatic melanoma is associated with improved survival in selected patients with both primary ocular and cutaneous melanoma. Surgical treatment of hepatic melanoma metastases should be considered when complete resection is feasible. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:129–135. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Twin mitochondrial sequence analysis
Authors: Bouhlal Yosr , Martinez Selena , Gong Henry , Dumas Kevin , Shieh Joseph T. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhen applying genome‐wide sequencing technologies to disease investigation, it is increasingly important to resolve sequence variation in regions of the genome that may have homologous sequences. The human mitochondrial genome challenges interpretation given the potential for heteroplasmy, somatic variation, and homologous nuclear mitochondrial sequences (numts). Identical twins share the same mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from early life, but whether the mitochondrial sequence remains similar is unclear. We compared an adult monozygotic twin pair using high‐throughput sequencing and evaluated variants with primer extension and mitochondrial preenrichment. Thirty‐seven variants were shared between the twin individuals, and the variants were verified on the original genomic DNA. These studies support highly identical genetic sequence in this case. Certain low‐level variant calls were of high quality and homology to the mtDNA, and they were further evaluated. When we assessed calls in preenriched mtDNA templates, we found that these may represent numts, which can be differentiated from mtDNA variation. We conclude that twin identity extends to mtDNA, and it is critical to differentiate between numts and mtDNA in genome sequencing, particularly as significant heteroplasmy could influence genome interpretation. Further studies on mtDNA and numts will aid in understanding how variation occurs and persists.
Design of A Circular Ring Monopole Antenna with Inverted T‐Strip Line for Dual‐Band Operation
Authors: Seo Yongseok , Lee Hyeonjin , Lim Yeongseog 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA novel and simple design of a coplanar waveguide‐fed multiband antenna formed by a circular ring monopole antenna is investigated for DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE_CN/WLAN. The impedance bandwidths that were achieved reach to about 0.84 GHz (1.68–2.52 GHz) 42.0% at the center frequency of 2.0 and 0.72 GHz (5.14–5.86 GHz) 13.1% at the center frequency of 5.5 GHz. Moreover, the resonant characteristics of the antenna can be tuned by using the inverted T‐strip line. Experimental results exhibit that the proposed circular ring antenna creates a monopole‐like pattern in the E‐plane and an omnidirectional radiation pattern in the H‐plane, so it is well suitable to meet DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE_ CN/WLAN operations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:2174–2176, 2013
In vivo MRI analysis of depth‐dependent ultrastructure in human knee cartilage at 7 T
Authors: Garnov Nikita , Gründer Wilfried , Thörmer Gregor , Trampel Robert , Turner Robert , Kahn Thomas , Busse Harald 
Published: June 2013

Signal intensities of T2‐weighted magnetic resonance images depend on the local fiber arrangement in hyaline cartilage. The aims of this study were to determine whether angle‐sensitive MRI at 7 T can be used to quantify the cartilage ultrastructure of the knee in vivo and to assess potential differences with age.Ten younger (21–30) and ten older (55–76 years old) healthy volunteers were imaged with a T2‐weighted spin‐echo sequence in a 7 T whole‐body MRI. A “fascicle” model was assumed to describe the depth‐dependent fiber arrangement of cartilage. The R/T boundary positions between radial and transitional zones were assessed from intensity profiles in small regions of interest in the femur and tibia, and normalized to cartilage thickness using logistic curve fits.The quality of our highly resolved (0.3 × 0.3 × 1.0 mm3) MR cartilage images were high enough for quantitative analysis (goodness of fit R2 = 0.91 ± 0.09). Between younger and older subjects, normalized positions of the R/T boundary, with value 0 at the bone–cartilage interface and 1 at the cartilage surface, were significantly (p < 0.05) different in femoral (0.51 ± 0.12 versus 0.41 ± 0.10), but not in tibial cartilage (0.65 ± 0.11 versus 0.57 ± 0.09, p = 0.119). Within both age groups, differences between femoral and tibial R/T boundaries were significant.Using a fascicle model and angle‐sensitive MRI, the depth‐dependent anisotropic fiber arrangement of knee cartilage could be assessed in vivo from a single 7 T MR image. The derived quantitative parameter, thickness of the radial zone, may serve as an indicator of the structural integrity of cartilage. This method may potentially be suitable to detect and monitor early osteoarthritis because the progressive disintegration of the anisotropic network is also indicative of arthritic changes in cartilage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interval uncertain method for multibody mechanical systems using Chebyshev inclusion functions
Authors: Wu Jinglai , Luo Zhen , Zhang Yunqing , Zhang Nong , Chen Liping 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis study proposes a new uncertain analysis method for multibody dynamics of mechanical systems based on Chebyshev inclusion functions The interval model accounts for the uncertainties in multibody mechanical systems comprising uncertain‐but‐bounded parameters, which only requires lower and upper bounds of uncertain parameters, without having to know probability distributions. A Chebyshev inclusion function based on the truncated Chebyshev series, rather than the Taylor inclusion function, is proposed to achieve sharper and tighter bounds for meaningful solutions of interval functions, to effectively handle the overestimation caused by the wrapping effect, intrinsic to interval computations. The Mehler integral is used to evaluate the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials in the numerical implementation. The multibody dynamics of mechanical systems are governed by index‐3 differential algebraic equations (DAEs), including a combination of differential equations and algebraic equations, responsible for the dynamics of the system subject to certain constraints. The proposed interval method with Chebyshev inclusion functions is applied to solve the DAEs in association with appropriate numerical solvers. This study employs HHT‐I3 as the numerical solver to transform the DAEs into a series of nonlinear algebraic equations at each integration time step, which are solved further by using the Newton–Raphson iterative method at the current time step. Two typical multibody dynamic systems with interval parameters, the slider crank and double pendulum mechanisms, are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results show that the proposed methodology can supply sufficient numerical accuracy with a reasonable computational cost and is able to effectively handle the wrapping effect, as cosine functions are incorporated to sharpen the range of non‐monotonic interval functions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical scheme for a scalar conservation law with memory
Authors: Peszyńska Małgorzata 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe consider approximation of solutions to conservation laws with memory represented by a Volterra term with a smooth decreasing but possibly unbounded kernel. The numerical scheme combines Godunov method with a treatment of the integral term following from product integration rules. We prove stability for both linear and nonlinear flux functions and demonstrate the expected order of convergence using numerical experiments. The problem is motivated by modeling advective transport in heterogeneous media with subscale diffusion.Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 239–264, 2014
Investigators' successful strategies for working with institutional review boards
Authors: Cartwright Juliana C. , Hickman Susan E. , Nelson Christine A. , Knafl Kathleen A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study was designed to identify successful strategies used by investigators for working with their Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) in conducting human subjects research. Telephone interviews were conducted with 46 investigators representing nursing, medicine, and social work. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative descriptive methods. Investigators emphasized the importance of intentionally cultivating positive relationships with IRB staff and members, and managing bureaucracy. A few used evasive measures to avoid conflict with IRBs. Few successful strategies were identified for working with multiple IRBs. Although most investigators developed successful methods for working with IRBs, further research is needed on how differences in IRB culture affect human subjects protection, and on best approaches for obtaining IRB approval of multi‐site studies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 478–486, 2013