bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Restraint Systems: Toward Integral Safety
Authors: Kompass Klaus , Gruber Christian , Domsch Christian , Schweigert Manfred , Kates Ronald 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Vehicle safety has already achieved a very high level of performance. The risk of serious injury or mortality in traffic accidents has been steadily decreasing in recent years despite increasing exposure (mileage driven), primarily because of the development of passive safety systems. On the other hand, it is evident that further development of passive safety is reaching a point of diminishing returns, although some weak points still can be identified based on our comprehensive knowledge of passive safety development. However, classical methods may not suffice to further improve passive safety. This chapter describes the potential and the limits of adaptive safety systems for preconditioning the vehicle and the occupants before an accident. In the following, the achievable protective performance is illustrated using several examples; methods for reliable and comprehensive assessment of the protective sequence of integral safety systems under laboratory conditions are elucidated.
A Longitudinal Examination of Overgeneral Memory and Psychopathology in Children Following Recent Trauma Exposure
Authors: Hitchcock Caitlin , Nixon Reginald David Vandervord , Weber Nathan 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThis study represents the first longitudinal examination of the trajectory of overgeneral memory (OGM) in children and how this relates to psychopathology immediately after trauma exposure. We recruited fifty 7‐ to 17‐year‐olds who had experienced an accidental injury that resulted in hospital admission. Assessment of psychological symptoms, OGM and cognitive processes proposed to drive OGM was completed at three points over a 6‐month period post‐trauma. We found that OGM was not related to depressive symptoms and that time since trauma exposure moderated the relationship between post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and OGM. Although no relationship was found in the first 3 months following trauma, OGM was protective against post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms at 6 months post‐trauma. Despite models of OGM (e.g. Williams et al., ) emphasising the role of rumination and executive control in explaining OGM, we found no evidence that they were related to OGM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Knee Injuries With Accelerated Knee Osteoarthritis Progression: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Eaton Charles B. , Lo Grace H. , Ward Robert J. , Lu Bing , McAlindon Timothy E. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate whether a recent knee injury was associated with accelerated knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression.MethodsIn the Osteoarthritis Initiative, we studied participants free of knee OA on their baseline radiographs (Kellgren/Lawrence [K/L] <2). We compared 3 groups as follows: 1) individuals with accelerated progression of knee OA: defined as having at least 1 knee that progressed to end‐stage knee OA (K/L grade 3 or 4) within 48 months, 2) common knee OA progression: at least 1 knee increased in radiographic scoring within 48 months (excluding those defined as accelerated knee OA), and 3) no knee OA: no change in K/L grade in either knee. At baseline, participants were asked if their knees had ever been injured, and at each annual visit they were asked about injuries during the prior 12 months. We used multinomial logistic regressions to determine whether a new knee injury was associated with the outcome of accelerated knee OA or common knee OA progression, after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, static knee malalignment, and systolic blood pressure.ResultsA knee injury during the total observation period was associated with accelerated knee OA progression (n = 54; odds ratio [OR] 3.14) but not common knee OA progression (n = 187; OR 1.08). Furthermore, a more recent knee injury (within a year of the outcome) was associated with accelerated (OR 8.46) and common knee OA progression (OR 3.12).ConclusionRecent knee injuries are associated with accelerated knee OA. Most concerning is that certain injuries may be associated with a rapid cascade toward joint failure in less than 1 year.
Trends in Prescription of Opioids From 2003–2009 in Persons With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wright Elizabeth A. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Abrams Stanley , Solomon Daniel H. , Losina Elena 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveOsteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a painful condition affecting ∼13% of persons ages >65 years. We sought to examine whether the use of opioids in older persons with OA has increased over the past decade and what patient characteristics may correlate with their use.MethodsWe assembled national cohorts of individuals with knee OA using data from the 2003, 2006, and 2009 waves of the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The survey data contained information on demographics, health status, and prescribed medications linked to Medicare claims. We used multivariate logistic regression to establish whether opioid use changed over time and to identify factors associated with greater opioid use. The outcome was defined as receiving ≥1 opioid prescription in the study year.ResultsThe mean age and sex were similar across years (77 years and 69% women, respectively). There was a significant increase in opioid prescribing between 2003 and 2009, with 31% of patients receiving opioids in 2003, 39% in 2006, and 40% in 2009 (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–2.0 for 2006 and 2009 compared with 2003). Independent correlates of opioid use across time periods included female sex (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–2.0), functional limitation (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.6–2.7), poor self‐reported health status (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.0), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.8), and musculoskeletal disease besides OA (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–2.8).ConclusionAs the prevalence and incidence of knee OA continues to increase, the public health impact of greater opioid use should be monitored carefully.
Functional Discharge Readiness and Mobility Following Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis: A Comparison of Analgesic Techniques
Authors: Chan Ee‐Yuee , Teo Yee‐Hong , Assam Pryseley N. , Fransen Marlene 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo determine if functional discharge readiness and mobility following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis is delayed after femoral nerve block (FNB) with or without patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) opioid compared with PCA opioid alone.MethodsWe analyzed secondary outcomes from a randomized controlled trial with 200 patients undergoing unilateral TKA. Experimental group 1 received single‐injection FNB with intravenous PCA opioid, experimental group 2 received continuous FNB, and the control group received PCA opioid alone. FNB was administered using bupivacaine. Patients followed a structured TKA pathway. Discharge readiness outcomes included achievement of 90° knee flexion, independent walking, and stair climbing, and were assessed daily before discharge or day 6, whichever came first. Mobility outcomes included the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the 6‐Minute Walk Distance (6MWD), and self‐reported physical function, and were assessed at weeks 2 and 12. TUG was also assessed on days 3 to 6, postoperation.ResultsBoth FNB groups (77%) were more likely to achieve 90° knee flexion compared with the control group (59%); odds ratio (OR) 2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1, 4.8 for single‐injection FNB, and OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1, 4.9 for continuous FNB. There were no significant differences in independent walking and stair‐climbing ability before discharge, TUG, 6MWD, or self‐reported physical function, between the FNB groups compared with the control group.ConclusionAfter TKA, FNB (single‐injection with PCA opioid or continuous) does not delay achievement of 90° knee flexion or other measures of functional discharge readiness and mobility compared with PCA opioid alone.
Linking MRI postprocessing with magnetic source imaging in MRI‐negative epilepsy
Authors: Wang Zhong I. , Alexopoulos Andreas V. , Jones Stephen E. , Najm Imad M. , Ristic Aleksandar , Wong Chong , Prayson Richard , Schneider Felix , Kakisaka Yosuke , Wang Shuang , Bingaman William , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge A. , Burgess Richard C. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveMRI‐negative (MRI–) pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy (PFE) patients are most challenging for epilepsy surgical management. This study utilizes a voxel‐based MRI postprocessing technique, implemented using a morphometric analysis program (MAP), aiming to facilitate detection of subtle focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in MRI– patients. Furthermore, the study examines the concordance between MAP‐identified regions and localization from magnetic source imaging (MSI).MethodsIncluded in this retrospective study were 25 MRI– surgical patients. MAP was performed on T1‐weighted MRI, with comparison to a normal database. The pertinence of MAP+ areas was confirmed by MSI, surgical outcome and pathology. Analyses of MAP and MSI were performed blindly from patients' clinical information and independently from each other.ResultsThe detection rate of subtle changes by MAP was 48% (12/25). Once MAP+ areas were resected, patients were more likely to be seizure‐free (p = 0.02). There were no false positives in the 25 age‐matched normal controls. Seven patients had a concordant MSI correlate. Patients in whom a concordant area was identified by both MAP and MSI had a significantly higher chance of achieving a seizure‐free outcome following complete resection of this area (p = 0.008). In the 9 resected MAP+ areas, pathology revealed FCD type IA in 7 and type IIB in 2.InterpretationMAP shows promise in identifying subtle FCD abnormalities and increasing the diagnostic yield of conventional MRI visual analysis in presurgical evaluation of PFE. Concordant MRI postprocessing and MSI analyses may lead to the noninvasive identification of a structurally and electrically abnormal subtle lesion that can be surgically targeted. Ann Neurol 2014;759–770
Durch Dithienylethen‐Einheiten modifizierte Rubyrine
Authors: Zhou Zhikuan , Chang Yi , Shimizu Soji , Mack John , Schütt Christian , Herges Rainer , Shen Zhen , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: April 2014

AbstractZwei stabile, kernmodifizierte Rubyrine mit einer oder zwei Diethienylethen(DTE)‐Einheiten (1 und 2) wurden hergestellt. Das Rubyrin 1 mit einer “geschlossenen” DTE‐Einheit zeigt 26 π‐Aromatizität, während bei Einführung einer “offenen” DTE‐Einheit in den Makrocyclus 2 dieser sich als nichtaromatische Verbindung verhält.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 8‐Oxabicyclooctanes by Intermolecular [5+2] Pyrylium Cycloadditions
Authors: Witten Michael R. , Jacobsen Eric N. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHighly enantioselective intermolecular [5+2] cycloadditions of pyrylium ion intermediates with electron‐rich alkenes are promoted by a dual catalyst system composed of an achiral thiourea and a chiral primary aminothiourea. The observed enantioselectivity is highly dependent on the substitution pattern of the 5π component, and the basis for this effect is analyzed using experimental and computational evidence. The resultant 8‐oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives possess a scaffold common in natural products and medicinally active compounds and are also versatile chiral building blocks for further manipulations. Several stereoselective complexity‐generating transformations of the 8‐oxabicyclooctane products are presented.
Single‐Electron/Pericyclic Cascade for the Synthesis of Dienes
Authors: Campbell Natalie E. , Sammis Glenn M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe highly efficient and diastereoselective synthesis of E dienes has been accomplished through radical cyclization of bromoallyl hydrazones. This methodology has been further extended to generate these products through a one‐pot condensation/radical cyclization/cycloreversion cascade from simple aldehyde starting materials in high yields (>75 %) and high diastereoselectivities (>95:5). Mechanistic investigations suggest that the cascade reaction proceeds through a cyclic diazene intermediate prior to the cycloreversion.
Core‐Modified Rubyrins Containing Dithienylethene Moieties
Authors: Zhou Zhikuan , Chang Yi , Shimizu Soji , Mack John , Schütt Christian , Herges Rainer , Shen Zhen , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo stable core‐modified rubyrins bearing one and two dithienylethene (DTE) units (1 and 2) have been synthesized. With one “closed‐form” DTE unit, 1 shows aromaticity associated with its conjugated circuit of 26 π‐electrons. In contrast, rubyrin 2 containing one “open‐form” DTE unit has nonaromatic properties.
A novel polybenzoxazine containing styrylpyridine structure via the Knoevenagel reaction
Authors: Zhang Huachuan , Li Min , Deng Yuyuan , Zhang Chengxi , Ran Qichao , Gu Yi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, a kind of styrylpyridine‐containing polybenzoxazine was obtained via the Knoevenagel reaction between benzaldehyde and methylpyridine groups. The benzoxazine monomer (MPBC) containing the benzaldehyde and methylpyridine groups was synthesized firstly and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. With the aid of differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR, and photoluminescent tests, the interesting curing behaviors were probed. The results showed that the ring‐opening polymerization occurred at lower temperature, and the Knoevenagel reaction further took place at elevated temperature. The amine and phenol moieties were bonded together to form the styrylpyridine structure. Due to these special crosslinking structures, the corresponding polybenzoxazine exhibited excellent thermal stability, and had a special high char yield of 74.5%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40823.
Preparation and properties of polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene/near infrared reflective pigment composites
Authors: Lai S. ‐M. , Hung K. ‐C. , Lai Wei‐Jen , Zeng Jiun‐Wei , Cheng K. ‐C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPolyethylene terephthalate/high density polyethylene (PET/HDPE) composites containing a near infrared reflective (NIR, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile) pigment was prepared using ethylene‐glycidyl methacrylate‐vinyl acetate (EGMA‐VA) as a compatibilizer to increase the infrared reflection of PET/HDPE and limit the thermal heat accumulation in light of environmental and energy conservation concerns. HDPE was premixed with NIR to form N‐HDPE masterbatch. A good interfacial bonding between PET matrix and HDPE dispersed phase with the help of compatibilizer was confirmed through Fourier transform‐infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and torque rheometer. For PET/N‐HDPE composites, the major X‐ray diffraction peaks and melting behaviors remained unchanged, indicating the limited alternation of crystalline structure for the composite systems with or without compatibilizer. The observed increment in the crystallization temperature of PET for the investigated PET/N‐HDPE composites was mainly due to the nucleation role of both inorganic NIR and HDPE. Tensile strength and elongation at break for compatibilized cases at various N‐HDPE contents conferred higher values than those of the corresponding counterparts without compatibilizer. Yet, Young's modulus for compatibilized systems was about 40% lower than that for systems without compatibilizer, attributed to the rubbery nature of EGMA‐VA. With the inclusion of NIR into HDPE to form PET/N‐HDPE composites with or without EGMA‐VA compatibilizer, the values of reflectance increased to a great degree. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40830.
Subgrouping of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Pain, Fatigue, Inflammation, and Psychosocial Factors
Authors: Lee Yvonne C. , Frits Michelle L. , Iannaccone Christine K. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Shadick Nancy A. , Williams David A. , Cui Jing 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveAmong patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), pain may be attributed to peripheral inflammation or other causes, such as central pain mechanisms. The aim of this study was to use self‐report measures and physical examination findings to identify clusters of RA patients who may have different causes of pain as well as different prognoses and treatment options.MethodsData from 169 RA patients with pain scores of >0 (on a 10‐point numeric rating scale) in the Brigham and Women's Hospital Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study were analyzed. The patients completed questionnaires on pain, fatigue, and psychosocial factors. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering procedure with Ward's method was used to obtain subgroups. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine the contribution of each variable in a cluster. General linear regression models were used to examine differences in clinical characteristics across subgroups. Discriminant analyses were performed to determine coefficients for linear combinations of variables that assigned cluster membership to individual cases.ResultsThree clusters best fit these data. Cluster 1 consisted of 89 individuals with low levels of inflammation, pain, fatigue, and psychosocial distress. Cluster 2 consisted of 57 individuals with minimal inflammation but high levels of pain, fatigue, and psychosocial distress. Cluster 3 consisted of 23 individuals with active inflammatory disease, manifested by high swollen joint counts, high C‐reactive protein levels, and high levels of pain and fatigue.ConclusionAlthough most patients had low levels of inflammation, pain, and fatigue, 47.3% continued to report having moderate to high levels of pain and fatigue. Most of these patients had minimal signs of inflammation but high levels of fatigue, pain catastrophizing, and sleep disturbance, indicative of a chronic widespread pain syndrome.
Reversing Vascular Dysfunction in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Improved Augmentation Index but Not Endothelial Function With Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor γ Agonist Therapy
Authors: Ormseth Michelle J. , Oeser Annette M. , Cunningham Andrew , Bian Aihua , Shintani Ayumi , Solus Joseph , Tanner S. Bobo , Stein C. Michael 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that improving insulin sensitivity improves vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe performed a 20‐week, single center, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study. Patients with RA (n = 34) with moderate disease activity who were receiving stable disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug therapy were randomized to drug sequence, receiving either pioglitazone 45 mg/day or matching placebo for 8 weeks, followed by a 4‐week washout period and the alternative treatment for 8 weeks. We measured changes in vascular stiffness (augmentation index and aortic pulse wave velocity [PWV]), endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index), and blood pressure. High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were also measured. The treatment effect of pioglitazone on outcomes was analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsPioglitazone treatment resulted in a change in augmentation index of −4.7% units (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −7.9, −1.5) (P = 0.004) and in diastolic blood pressure of −3.0 mm Hg (95% CI −5.7, −0.2) (P = 0.03), but did not significantly change aortic PWV (P = 0.33) or reactive hyperemia index (P = 0.46). The improvements in augmentation index and diastolic blood pressure were not mediated by the effect of pioglitazone on insulin resistance or inflammation.ConclusionOur findings indicate that pioglitazone improves some indices of vascular function, including augmentation index and diastolic blood pressure, in patients with RA. This is not mediated by improved insulin sensitivity.
New Population‐Based Reference Values for Spinal Mobility Measures Based on the 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Assassi Shervin , Weisman Michael H. , Lee MinJae , Savage Laurie , Diekman Laura , Graham Tiffany A. , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Schall Joan I. , Gensler Lianne S. , Deodhar Atul A. , Clegg Daniel O. , Colbert Robert A. , Reveille John D. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo report population‐based percentile reference values for selected spinal mobility measures in a nationally representative sample of 5,001 US adults ages 20–69 years who were examined in the 2009–2010 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsOcciput‐to‐wall distance (OWD), thoracic expansion (TE), and anterior lumbar flexion (ALF; by modified Schober test) were measured by trained examiners in a standardized manner. TE was measured at the xiphisternal level, while the lower reference point for ALF was a line marked at the level of the superior margin of the lateral iliac crests. We report reference values based on the 95th percentile for the OWD and the 5th percentile for TE and ALF, as well as other summary statistics for these measures, in the study population.ResultsAn OWD of >0 was present in 3.8% of the participants, while 8.8% of them had out‐of‐range values for TE based on the commonly used threshold of 2.5 cm. The 95th percentile of the OWD measurement was 0, while the 5th percentile for TE and ALF were 1.9 cm and 2 cm, respectively. The spinal measures were significantly associated with sex, age, ethnicity, height, and body mass index (BMI). Exclusion of individuals with severe obesity (BMI >35 kg/m2) changed the proposed reference values for TE and ALF to 2.2 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively.ConclusionWe verified a reference value of 0 for the OWD in the general population. Using the reported population‐based percentile values, new reference values for TE and ALF can be derived.
A Reagent‐Free Oxidative Cyclization Approach to Indolizine Derivatives from α‐Picoline Derivatives and Nitroolefins
Authors: Gao Meng , Tian Jun , Lei Aiwen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA reagent‐free oxidative cyclization between α‐picoline derivatives and nitroolefins has been developed. This approach, in which the nitro group acts as an internal oxidant, provides an extremely simple, efficient, and atom‐economic way to construct heteroaromatic indolizine derivatives.
A cleavable silica‐binding affinity tag for rapid and inexpensive protein purification
Authors: Coyle Brandon L. , Baneyx François 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe describe a new affinity purification tag called Car9 that confers proteins to which it is fused micromolar affinity for unmodified silica. When appended to the C‐terminus of GFPmut2 through a flexible linker, Car9 promotes efficient adsorption to silica gel and the fusion protein can be released from the particles by incubation with L‐lysine. Using a silica gel column and the lysine elution approach in fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) mode, Car9‐tagged versions of GFPmut2, mCherry and maltose binding protein (MBP) can be recovered from clarified lysates with a purity of 80–90%. Capitalizing on silica's ability to handle large pressure drops, we further show that it is possible to go from cell lysates to purified protein in less than 15 min using a fully disposable device. Finally, we demonstrate that the linker‐Car9 region is susceptible to proteolysis by E. coli OmpT and take advantage of this observation to excise the C‐terminal extension of GFPmut2‐Car9 by incubating purified fusion protein with cells that overproduce the outer membrane protease OmpT. The set of strategies described herein, should reduce the cost of affinity purification by at least 10‐fold, cut down purification times to minutes, and allow for the production of proteins with native (or nearly native) termini from their C‐terminally‐tagged versions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2019–2026. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.