bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of angiographic based quantitative flow ratio and anatomic features in intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis
Authors: Huang Kangmo , Yao Weihe , Song Zhiruo , Jia Xuerong , Gao Jie , Liu Rui , Han Yunfei , Liu Xinfeng , Du Juan , Tu Shengxian , Zhu Wusheng 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPatients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) are prone to stroke recurrence despite aggressive medical treatment. Further assessment of the anatomy and physiology of ICAS is urgently needed to facilitate individualized therapy. We explored the predictive value of angiography based hemodynamic and anatomical features for ICAS patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with moderate-to-severe stenosis of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) were enrolled. The hemodynamic assessment was performed using the single view Murray’s law based quantitative flow ratio (μQFR) approach. The locations of lesions were categorized as perforator rich segments of the MCA (pMCA) and others. Multivariate Cox models were developed to identify significant predictors. The primary outcomes were defined as stroke and transient ischemic attack.ResultsAmong the 333 patients (median (IQR) age, 56 (49–63) years, 70.3% men) over a median follow-up period of 64.5 months, 50 (15.0%) had the primary outcomes, and 80.0% occurred within 5 years. Patients with lower μQFR values (dichotomized at 0.73) had a higher risk of the 5 year primary outcomes (log rank P=0.023), and good collateral circulation may have attenuated the risk. In the multivariate analyses, μQFR (adjusted HR=0.345; 95% CI 0.155 to 0.766; P=0.009), lesion located in pMCA (adjusted HR=0.377; 95% CI 0.190 to 0.749; P=0.005), and diameter ratio of the internal carotid artery (adjusted HR=4.187; 95% CI 1.071 to 16.370; P=0.040) were significantly associated with the 5 year primary outcomes.ConclusionsAngiography based μQFR and anatomical features, namely plaque localization and internal carotid artery expansion, could serve as promising prognostic indexes for MCA atherosclerosis.
Prion diseases motor and neuropsychiatric symptom cluster pharmacotherapy: structured scoping review
Authors: Hogg Roseanagh , Centola John , McDermott Eugene Ace , Mastaglio Francesca , Grundy Anna , Awe Terri , Carey Matthew , Miller Mary , Chin Chloe Antoinette , Quibell Rachel , Bajorek Tomasz , Pal Suvankar , Bradley Victoria 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundPrion diseases are a group of rare, neurodegenerative conditions that are invariably fatal and cause a variety of symptoms, which can prove challenging to control. Through this paper, we aim to review the current evidence regarding pharmacological management of neuropsychiatric and motor symptoms of prion disease as well as draw on experts’ and relatives’ experience, to evaluate the current evidence and provide recommendations moving forwards.MethodsA scoping review of the literature for pharmacological management of symptoms was conducted using the systematic review tool, COVIDENCE, with searches conducted through four databases. 120 papers were selected for inclusion, and data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers. Given the lack of high-quality data and small numbers, no further attempt at statistical analysis was made, and results are presented in a thematic synthesis.ResultsAlthough a broad range of approaches and pharmacotherapies are trialled to manage these challenging symptoms, there are patterns emerging of some efficacy seen with the use of benzodiazepines, antipsychotic and anticonvulsant medications in both motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms in prion disease. These approaches and associated challenges were reflected in international expert opinion that was gathered via online survey.ConclusionThere continues to be a paucity of good-quality evidence and we suggest a need for longitudinal, population-based and standardised research to allow a robust evidence base, which in turn will guide excellent symptom control and end of life care for this group of complex patients.
Global policy scan of commercial combustible tobacco product retailing regulations by WHO region
Authors: Canty Ruth , Gartner Coral E , Hoek Janet , Hefler Marita 
Published: July 2024

Background/aimsRegulatory schemes for tobacco retailing help restrict the supply and availability of smoked tobacco products. Tobacco retailer density and the proximity of tobacco outlets to youth spaces, such as schools, are greater in more disadvantaged areas. Exposure to tobacco retailing normalises smoking and increases ease of access, thus increasing smoking uptake and undermining quitting. To inform future policy, we conducted a global scan of combustible tobacco retail regulatory schemes (We use the term schemes to refer to any kind of relevant initiative, policy, regulations or legislation that we found).MethodsAll types of English language records concerning the regulation of commercial tobacco product availability were considered, including peer-reviewed journal articles, key reports and policy documents. The key features of regulatory schemes were documented. In addition, we contacted key informants in different countries and regions for advice on additional sources and undertook targeted searching in regions where we initially found little data.Results/findingsAlthough many countries have well-established and comprehensive tobacco control programmes, tobacco retail policy that actively addresses the availability of tobacco is underutilised. Many jurisdictions have implemented a minimum purchase age and restricted point-of-sale advertising and marketing. Other tobacco retailing regulations also included licensing systems with licence fees, caps on licences and restrictions on store location, type and retailer density/proximity. A very small number of jurisdictions have ended tobacco retailing altogether.ConclusionsAt a minimum, policy-makers should implement licensing schemes, licence caps and proximity limits and invest in robust monitoring systems and compliance enforcement. Tobacco products’ ubiquity is incompatible with its status as a dangerous addictive substance and does not align with tobacco endgame goals.
Assessing Onsager’s reciprocity difference in signal transduction cascade model: a new metric for evaluating cellular response dynamics
Authors: Taga Masataka , Kobayashi Go , Yano Shiho , Koyama Kazuaki , Tsuruyama Tatsuaki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cell signaling system translates extracellular changes into biochemical reactions within the cell, ultimately affecting gene expression. This system is crucial for responding to environmental stressors through a series of chemical interactions among intracellular molecules. Although Onsager’s reciprocity theorem is foundational in analyzing non-equilibrium systems, its limitations are evident in the nonlinear responses characteristic of the chemical reactions essential for signal transduction. In this study, we demonstrate that the reciprocity coefficients between signal molecule Xj, Lj:j+1 in the transmission from the jth step to the j + 1th step and molecule Xj+1, Lj+1:j from the j + 1th step to the jth step are not necessarily equal due to nonlinear interactions. This disparity, quantified as Jj:j+1 = −Lj:j+1 + Lj+1:j, reflects the amount of signal transduced between these steps, coupled with the phosphorylation rate of signaling molecules. Through kinetic model simulations, we analyzed the cellular response to external radiation exposure, monitoring how signal transduction progresses via phosphorylation reactions over time. The simulation showed a transition from an unstable to a stable, unimodal signaling pattern at varying radiation doses, correlating well with actual cellular responses. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the discrepancy in Onsager’s reciprocity coefficients correlates with signal transduction velocity, providing novel insights into the thermodynamic underpinnings of cellular signaling mechanisms.
Exploring the impact of multiplicative white noise on novel soliton solutions with the perturbed Triki–Biswas equation
Authors: Arnous Ahmed H. , Ahmed Manar S. , Nofal Taher A. , Yildirim Yakup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effects of multiplicative white noise on soliton perturbations governed by the Triki–Biswas equation for the first time. Triki–Biswas equation advances research on ultrashort pulse propagation in optical fibers. It modifies the nonlinear Schrödinger equation to describe the behavior of femtosecond pulses more accurately in optical media, becoming a critical tool in the field. The paper employs two innovative methods, the enhanced direct algebraic method and the new projective Riccati equations method to uncover a broad range of soliton solutions, including bright, dark, and singular solitons. The solutions are expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and exhibit a transition to soliton-type solutions as the elliptic modulus approaches unity. This investigation is the first of its kind to explore the effects of multiplicative white noise within this context, providing new perspectives and methodologies for future research in the field. The study sheds light on previously unexplored aspects of multiplicative white noise and contributes significantly to the body of knowledge in soliton theory and its application to optical fiber technology.
On validity of quantum partial adiabatic search
Authors: Sun Jie , Cai Dunbo , Lu Songfeng , Qian Ling , Zhang Runqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we further verify the validity of the quantum partial adiabatic search algorithm which was initialized in the previous related works by revisiting its quantum circuit model. The main results got here are as follows. When considering implementing quantum partial adiabatic evolution on a quantum circuit, a correction is given for the time slice estimation for the first stage during this approximation in the previous related works, new evidence is provided for a time complexity cost $O(\sqrt{N}/M)$
O
(

N

/
M
)
of quantum partial adiabatic algorithm is impossible, and the correct time complexity $O(\sqrt{N/M})$
O
(

N
/
M

)
of it is emphasized once more according to its circuit correspondence, in which N is the total number of elements in the search problem of which M of them are the marked ones. The findings exposed are hopeful for revisiting quantum partial adiabatic evolution and its connection with the quantum circuit model.
Associations Between Postnatal Pollution Exposures, 24‐h Movement Behaviours, and Motor Development Outcomes Among Children (0–12 Years Old): A Systematic Review
Authors: Maddren Claudia I. , Dhamrait Gursimran , Elliott Kayla , Toledo-Vargas Marcelo , Gryech Ihsane , Okely Anthony D. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Little is known about how exposure to different types of pollution is associated with motor development in children or how pollution may be related to time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour—including screen time, and sleep. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence on these associations, especially in light of the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for these behaviours.Methods: We searched eight electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, ERIC, Global Health, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science, from inception to May 2023. Studies that reported an association between a pollution measure (air, water, noise, or land) and at least one movement behaviour (physical activity, sleep, or sedentary time) or motor development outcome (fine or gross motor) among apparently healthy children from birth to 12 years were included. Eligibility of the studies was assessed, and extracted data was based on the study design, sample characteristics, pollution type, and type of association reported.Results: The search returned 5358 studies, of which 18 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies were conducted in high‐income countries (n = 13). Studies reported measures of outdoor air (n = 7), indoor air (n = 4), land (n = 3), and noise pollution (n = 4). Findings from the review were mixed and inconsistent. Most studies reported associations between a pollution measure and motor development outcomes (n = 12), followed by sleep (n = 5) and physical activity and sedentary behaviour (n = 1).Conclusions: There is limited evidence regarding associations between pollution measures, 24‐h movement behaviours, and motor development. Future research should pay more attention to postnatal exposure to different types of pollution and its impact on healthy levels of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and motor development and consider confounders such as geographic location, weather conditions, and country income level.Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42022340130.
Preexisting Skin-Resident CD8 and γδ T-cell Circuits Mediate Immune Response in Merkel Cell Carcinoma and Predict Immunotherapy Efficacy
Authors: Reinstein Zachary Z. , Zhang Yue , Ospina Oscar E. , Nichols Matt D. , Chu Victoria A. , Pulido Alvaro de Mingo , Prieto Karol , Nguyen Jonathan V. , Yin Rui , Moran Segura Carlos , Usman Ahmed , Sell Brittney , Ng Spencer , de la Iglesia Janis V. , Chandra Sunandana , Sosman Jeffrey A. , Cho Raymond J. , Cheng Jeffrey B. , Ivanova Ellie , Koralov Sergei B. , Slebos Robbert J.C. , Chung Christine H. , Khushalani Nikhil I. , Messina Jane L. , Sarnaik Amod A. , Zager Jonathan S. , Sondak Vernon K. , Vaske Charles , Kim Sungjune , Brohl Andrew S. , Mi Xinlei , Pierce Brian G. , Wang Xuefeng , Fridley Brooke L. , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Choi Jaehyuk 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with a ∼50% response rate to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. To identify predictive biomarkers, we integrated bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with spatial transcriptomics from a cohort of 186 samples from 116 patients, including bulk RNA-seq from 14 matched pairs pre- and post-ICB. In nonresponders, tumors show evidence of increased tumor proliferation, neuronal stem cell markers, and IL1. Responders have increased type I/II interferons and preexisting tissue resident (Trm) CD8 or Vδ1 γδ T cells that functionally converge with overlapping antigen-specific transcriptional programs and clonal expansion of public T-cell receptors. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated colocalization of T cells with B and dendritic cells, which supply chemokines and costimulation. Lastly, ICB significantly increased clonal expansion or recruitment of Trm and Vδ1 cells in tumors specifically in responders, underscoring their therapeutic importance. These data identify potential clinically actionable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MCC.
Significance: MCC serves as a model of ICB response. We utilized the largest-to-date, multimodal MCC dataset (n = 116 patients) to uncover unique tumor-intrinsic properties and immune circuits that predict response. We identified CD8 Trm and Vδ1 T cells as clinically actionable mediators of ICB response in major histocompatibility complex–high and –low MCCs, respectively.
MARK2/MARK3 Kinases Are Catalytic Codependencies of YAP/TAZ in Human Cancer
Authors: Klingbeil Olaf , Skopelitis Damianos , Tonelli Claudia , Yoshimoto Toyoki , Alpsoy Aktan , Panepinto Maria C. , Minicozzi Francesca , Merrill Joseph R. , Cafiero Amanda M. , Aggarwal Disha , Russo Suzanne , Ha Taehoon , Demerdash Osama E. , Wee Tse-Luen , Spector David L. , Lyons Scott K. , Tuveson David A. , Cifani Paolo , Vakoc Christopher R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is commonly dysregulated in human cancer, which leads to a powerful tumor dependency on the YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators. In this study, we used paralog cotargeting CRISPR screens to identify kinases MARK2/3 as absolute catalytic requirements for YAP/TAZ function in diverse carcinoma and sarcoma contexts. Underlying this observation is the direct MARK2/3-dependent phosphorylation of NF2 and YAP/TAZ, which effectively reverses the tumor suppressive activity of the Hippo module kinases LATS1/2. To simulate targeting of MARK2/3, we adapted the CagA protein from Helicobacter pylori as a catalytic inhibitor of MARK2/3, which we show can regress established tumors in vivo. Together, these findings reveal MARK2/3 as powerful codependencies of YAP/TAZ in human cancer, targets that may allow for pharmacology that restores Hippo pathway–mediated tumor suppression.
Significance: We show how genetic redundancy conceals tight functional relationships between signaling and transcriptional activation in cancer. Blocking the function of MARK2/3 kinases leads to the reactivation of the Hippo tumor suppressive pathway and may have therapeutic potential in YAP/TAZ-dysregulated carcinomas and sarcomas.
See related commentary by Gauthier-Coles and Sheltzer, p. 2312
Incidence and risk factors associated with parasitic infections in captive wild mammals and birds in Indian zoos
Authors: Nikita Das  , Pawar P.D. , P.P. Mhase  , V.G. Nimbalkar  , R.V. Jadhav  , V.S. Dhaygude  , Gavin Furtado  , L.D. Singla  
Published: July 2024

Present study was conducted to record the seasonal incidence and worm burden (eggs per gram of faeces) of helminthic infections and to evaluate the efficacy of deworming protocols followed for control of parasitic infections in captive animals (including birds) at the zoo. Freshly voided faecal samples were collected during winter, monsoon and summer from 150 captive animals including wild mammals (n = 95) and birds (n = 55) between 1–15 years of age kept at Rajiv Gandhi Zoo and Wildlife Research Centre Karaj, Pune (Zoo-I) and Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhary Zoo, Pimpri Chinwad (Zoo-II) in Maharashtra, India. Samples were processed and examined by standard sedimentation and floatation methods to assess the prevalence of helminth infections. Faecal samples of positive animals were collected pre and post-treatment, and the efficacy of the drugs used was evaluated based on faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). The overall seasonal prevalence of gastro-intestinal parasitic infection in mammals varied among seasons with the highest prevalence (29.50 %) in monsoon followed by winter (26.30 %) and lowest in summer (8.40 %), while the same was found non-significant in birds. Of 19 bird species screened, 25 % of peafowl were positive for Ascardia spp., 25 % of crested eagles for Capillaria spp., and 50% of brown fish owls for Strongyloides spp. Among mammals, 75 % of Black Buck, 50 % of Leopards and 25 % of Giant Malabar Squirrels were positive for Strongyloides spp., while all four Bonnet Macaques were positive for Balantidium coli. The range of eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces recorded was 50–300 in mammals and 100–350 in birds. At Zoo I (Rajiv Gandhi Zoo and Wildlife Research Centre Karaj, Pune), there was 85.89 and 77.36 per cent reduction in egg counts after treatment with fenbendazole @5 mg/kg in herbivores and birds, respectively. While in carnivoresthe reduction was 69.93 % after treatment with a drug combination@10 mg/kg (Praziquantel 50 mg + Pyrantelembonate 144 mg + fenbantel 150 mg). In Zoo II (Nisargakavi Bahinabai Chaudhary Zoo, Pimpri Chinwad) the reduction in EPG was 72.35 % in carnivores with drug combination @10 mg/kg (Praziquantel 50mg + pyrantelembonate 144 mg + fenbantel 150 mg) and 68.98% in birds with albendazole @10 mg/kg.
Differences in Patient Secure Message Volume Among Otolaryngologists: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hoerter Jacob E. , Debbaneh Peter M. , Jiang Nancy 
Published: July 2024

Objective: To identify differences in inbox and secure message burden among otolaryngologists based on demographics and subspecialty over 4 years. Methods: Inbox data were queried from January 2019 until December 2022. Otolaryngologists were categorized into cohorts by area of practice and gender. All inbox tasks, secure messages, and clinical encounters were collected and compared by gender, practice type, and years in practice. Means were compared using t-tests and chi-squared tests. Results: Of the 128 physicians, 45.7% were comprehensive otolaryngologists and 61.3% were male. The most common subspecialties were facial plastics (15.6%), oncology (8.6%), and otology (7.8%). Otolaryngologists had an average of 143.5 inbox tasks per month, with 97.2 (67.7%) of them being secure messages, resulting in an average of 1.14 inbox tasks and 0.80 secure messages per clinical encounter. The ratio of secure messages per clinical encounter was consistent across all specialties except oncology (1.10, P = .003). Otology (0.86, P = .032) and facial plastics (0.95, P = .028) had significantly lower ratios of inbox tasks to clinical encounters when compared to their colleagues, while oncology had a higher ratio (1.70, P < .001). No significant differences in inbox burden were observed between genders, years in practice, or languages spoken. Secure messages steadily increased over the study period. Conclusion: Inbox burden for otolaryngologists primarily stems from patient secure messages and varies across subspecialties. Considerations should be made to the inbox burden of head and neck oncologists. The implementation of support systems for inbox management could improve the imbalance between clinical and non-clinical responsibilities in otolaryngology. Level of Evidence: Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study
The Role of Preoperative Imaging for Midline Congenital Upper Lip Sinus Tracts
Authors: Jung Christian , Gall Emily K. , Scott Andrew R. 
Published: July 2024

Objective: To describe 3 cases of midline congenital upper lip sinus (MCULS) and review current literature to inform risk of intracranial involvement in the context of this rare congenital facial anomaly. Materials and Methods: A limited case series with chart review is presented. A literature search was conducted to review proposed theories of the embryology of MCULS and to determine the relative frequency of cephalic extension. Results: Including the 3 new cases presented herein, there have been 42 cases of MCULS described in the literature over the past 53 years. Thirty-nine cases (93%) underwent surgical excision, with 2 of these cases (4.7%) demonstrating cephalic extension of the fistula tract beyond the maxillary crest with termination at the anterior skull base. However, 95% (37/39) of surgically excised MCULS cases demonstrated a more limited depth of extension, with termination of the tract at or below the anterior nasal spine. Conclusions: The MCULS anomaly is rare, with fewer than 50 cases reported in the literature. Only 2 cases have been described with extension of the MCULS superior to the anterior nasal spine and into the nasal septum. It is the authors’ opinion that preoperative neuroimaging is not routinely required for MCULS. However, if extension of the sinus tract beyond the anterior nasal spine is noted intraoperatively, the surgeon should consider aborting the case and obtaining appropriate neuroimaging.