bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical/histological outcomes according to puncture sites in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy for large pancreatic masses: Multicenter randomized prospective pilot study
Authors: Ko Sung Woo , Song Tae Jun , Oh Dongwook , Yoon Seung Bae , Oh Chi Hyuk , Park Jin‐Seok , Chang Jae Hyuck , Yoon Jai Hoon 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThere are no recommendations regarding the optimal puncture site in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle biopsy (EUS‐FNB). This multicenter randomized prospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy and histological findings according to the sampling site for pancreatic masses larger than 3 cm.MethodsConsecutive patients with pancreatic masses larger than 3 cm indicated for EUS‐FNB were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups for the initial puncture site (central vs. peripheral sampling of the masses). A minimum of four passes were performed, alternating between the center and the periphery. The primary outcome was diagnostic accuracy.ResultsA total of 100 patients were equally divided into the central group and the peripheral group. The final diagnosis revealed malignancy in 95 patients (pancreatic cancer [n = 89], neuroendocrine tumor [n = 4], lymphoma [n = 1], metastatic carcinoma [n = 1]), and benign conditions in five patients (chronic pancreatitis [n = 4], autoimmune pancreatitis [n = 1]). There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between the puncture sites. However, combining samples from both areas resulted in higher diagnostic accuracy (97.0%) compared to either area alone, with corresponding values of 88.0% for the center (P = 0.02) and 85.0% for the periphery (P = 0.006).ConclusionsBoth central sampling and peripheral sampling showed equivalent diagnostic accuracy in detecting malignancy. However, combining samples from both areas generated superior diagnostic yield compared to using either sampling site alone. For pancreatic masses larger than 3 cm, it is advisable to consider sampling from various areas of the masses to maximize the diagnostic yield.
The expression of immune checkpoint proteins PD‐L1 and TIM3 in mouse and human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Elmusrati Areeg , Wang Cun‐Yu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the expression of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing protein (TIM3) in oral epithelial dysplasia and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Mouse HNSCC was induced with 4‐nitroquinoline‐1 oxide (4NQO). Oral epithelial dysplastic lesions, carcinoma in situ and HNSCC lesions were stained with anti‐PD‐L1 and TIM3 antibodies. The expression of PD‐L1 and TIM3 in tumor cells and immune cells was semiquantitatively measured and compared. In parallel, human dysplasia and HNSCC were stained with anti‐PD‐L1 and anti‐TIM3. The expression pattern of PD‐L1+ and TIM3+ cells was further compared. In human and mouse samples both PD‐L1 and TIM3 were found to be expressed in neoplastic and immune cells in HNSCC, but not in dysplasia. There was no significant difference in PD‐L1 and TIM3 expression between metastatic and nonmetastatic HNSCC. We conclude that the 4NQO‐induced mouse HNSCC model may be an excellent preclinical model for immune checkpoint therapy.
Disclosure imperatives and women's subjectivities in an emergent culture of sexual trauma testimony
Authors: Ahmed Anu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the democratization of the Maldives, a Sunni‐Islamic nation in the Indian Ocean, the Greater Male’ Region (GMR) has been the site of rapid social reform efforts. The state's democratizing efforts and local engagements with global feminist and mental health movements have led to the emergence of a culture of giving and bearing witness to sexual trauma testimony. I propose the term “disclosure imperatives,” and outline the three public discourses that produce this imperative in the Maldivian context. Next, drawing on interviews with Maldivian women who have experienced childhood sexual abuse, I illuminate how disclosure imperatives shape women's subjectivity and sociality. Using a critical phenomenological approach, I show that disclosure imperatives are, counterproductively, experienced as moralizing in interlocutors’ lifeworlds. Beyond focusing on women's “voice” or its absence as “silence,” the concept of disclosure imperatives illuminates the emotional and moral affects that cultures of disclosure engender in everyday lives.
Niche breadth and divergence in sympatric cryptic coral species (Pocillopora spp.) across habitats within reefs and among algal symbionts
Authors: Burgess Scott C. , Turner Alyssa M. , Johnston Erika C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile the presence of morphologically cryptic species is increasingly recognized, we still lack a useful understanding of what causes and maintains co‐occurring cryptic species and its consequences for the ecology, evolution, and conservation of communities. We sampled 724 Pocillopora corals from five habitat zones (the fringing reef, back reef, and fore reef at 5, 10, and 20 m) at four sites around the island of Moorea, French Polynesia. Using validated genetic markers, we identified six sympatric species of Pocillopora, most of which cannot be reliably identified based on morphology: P. meandrina (42.9%), P. tuahiniensis (25.1%), P. verrucosa (12.2%), P. acuta (10.4%), P. grandis (7.73%), and P. cf. effusa (2.76%). For 423 colonies (58% of the genetically identified hosts), we also used psbAncr or ITS2 markers to identify symbiont species (Symbiodiniaceae). The relative abundance of Pocillopora species differed across habitats within the reef. Sister taxa P. verrucosa and P. tuahiniensis had similar niche breadths and hosted the same specialist symbiont species (mostly Cladocopium pacificum) but the former was more common in the back reef and the latter more common deeper on the fore reef. In contrast, sister taxa P. meandrina and P. grandis had the highest niche breadths and overlaps and tended to host the same specialist symbiont species (mostly C. latusorum). Pocillopora acuta had the narrowest niche breadth and hosted the generalist, and more thermally tolerant, Durusdinium gynnii. Overall, there was a positive correlation between reef habitat niche breadth and symbiont niche breadth—Pocillopora species with a broader habitat niche also had a broader symbiont niche. Our results show how fine‐scale variation within reefs plays an important role in the generation and coexistence of cryptic species. The results also have important implications for how niche differences affect community resilience, and for the success of coral restoration practices, in ways not previously appreciated.
Impact of a single‐side 100Cr6 clad layer on the tensile and fatigue properties of S550MC steel
Authors: Krochmal M. , Wegener T. , Niendorf T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe production of newly developed hot‐rolled layered metal composites (LMC) leads to the availability of sheet materials with specifically adjustable, graded properties being cost‐effective and suitable for large‐scale production. As many of the envisaged applications of these LMC, e.g., clutch disc carriers, suffer from cyclic loading during service life, a fundamental knowledge of the fatigue behavior is required in order to ensure safe and reliable application of the components. Therefore, the present study focuses on the fatigue behavior of a hot‐rolled two‐layer LMC consisting of a S550MC substrate layer and a 100Cr6 clad layer. In order to investigate the influence of the clad layer, two conditions are directly compared, i.e., the two‐layer laminate cladded steel and the single‐layer substrate condition. Results presented by mechanical testing include hardness measurements and tensile tests as well as strain‐controlled low‐cycle fatigue and stress‐controlled high‐cycle fatigue tests. These results are discussed based on evolution of microstructure, residual stress, and defects, respectively, as elaborated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and fracture surface analysis.
Intensifying aridity induces tradeoffs among biodiversity and ecosystem services supported by trees
Authors: Ding Jingyi , Eldridge David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimChanges in climate are likely to have major impacts on benefits (i.e., biodiversity and ecosystem services) supported by trees. Here we explore the extent to which trees can support multiple benefits, and the potential tradeoffs among them, under increasing dryness.LocationEastern Australia.Time period2018–2019.Major taxa studiedTrees.MethodsWe evaluated changes in biodiversity and services supported by trees and the nature of potential tradeoffs in response to increasing aridity, our proxy of drying regional climates. We assessed six benefits (biodiversity and five ecosystem services) supported by trees at 126 sites across a gradient from Australia's mesic coast to the arid interior.ResultsThe value of average benefits did not vary with aridity, with winners and losers in biodiversity and ecosystem services as aridity intensified. Tradeoffs between biodiversity and soil stability declined with increasing aridity, but only in mesic environments, whereas tradeoffs between wood production potential and carbon storage intensified under greater aridity levels, but only in mesic environments. Aridity and tree structure were the major regulators of these tradeoffs, particularly under dry environments. Increasing aridity affected tradeoffs directly or indirectly by either suppressing the positive effect of tree height or exacerbating the negative effect of tree canopy size.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that biodiversity and most ecosystem services supported by trees are likely to decline under future climate change scenarios and demonstrate the importance of targeting afforestation programs to specific services in particular climatic areas rather than attempting to improve multiple services.
Association between oral frailty and nutritional status among hemodialysis patients aged ≥50 years
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Ohta Yuko , Furusho Natsuka , Kakuta Satoko , Muraoka Kosuke , Ansai Toshihiro , Awano Shuji , Fukuhara Masayo , Nakamura Hidetoshi 
Published: August 2024

AimMalnutrition is a prevalent health issue among hemodialysis patients. Oral frailty, a condition characterized by impairments in multiple oral health aspects and functions, has been associated with nutritional status in the general population. We aimed to determine whether oral frailty was associated with nutritional status in hemodialysis patients aged ≥50 years. Our secondary aim was to determine the prevalence of oral frailty in this population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included hemodialysis patients who were admitted to a single medical center. According to the Oral Frailty 5‐item Checklist, oral frailty is characterized by the presence of two or more of the following criteria: (i) fewer teeth, (ii) difficulty in chewing, (iii) difficulty in swallowing, (iv) dry mouth, and (v) low articulatory oral motor skills. Patients' nutritional status was assessed using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between oral frailty and nutritional status (classified into three categories according to the GNRI: >98, 92–98, and <92).ResultsIn total, 152 hemodialysis patients (55 women and 97 men) with a mean age of 70.4 years were included. The prevalence of oral frailty was 61.2%. After adjusting for health characteristics and sociodemographic background, oral frailty was associated with poor nutritional status according to the GNRI (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–4.09).ConclusionsIn this study, approximately 60% of hemodialysis patients aged ≥50 years exhibited oral frailty, and hemodialysis patients with oral frailty had poor nutritional status according to the GNRI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 891–897.
Interest effect of international outsourcing, foreign investment, and welfare
Authors: Choi Jai‐Young , Yu Eden S. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the welfare ramifications of international outsourcing in the presence of foreign investment initiated by outsourcing‐induced interest effect. Utilizing the Heckscher‐Ohlin model of general equilibrium, we show that unlike the common view that outsourcing renders negative effects on domestic employment, but positive effect on the welfare, (a) the output and employment effects of outsourcing are ultra‐biased such that it always increases (decreases) those of the outsourcing (nonoutsourcing) sector; (b) the effects of outsourcing on factor‐intensities and factor‐prices depend on the factor intensity ranking such that outsourcing occurring in the capital‐intensive (labor‐intensive) sector lowers (raises) the capital‐labor ratio of both the outsourcing and the nonoutsourcing sectors, lowers (raises) the real wage rate and raises (lowers) the real interest rate, and hence worsens (improves) income distribution; (c) in the presence of foreign investment, outsourcing in the capital‐intensive (labor‐intensive) sector may be welfare‐reducing (is always welfare‐increasing) due to increase (decrease) in the outsourcing‐induced interest payments for the foreign capital stock. Noting that international outsourcing nowadays serves as a key driving force for production fragmentation and supply chain formation, this paper discovers an important, but previously unnoticed feature in international outsourcing, namely, the outsourcing‐induced an interest rate effect on foreign capital movement.
A Scoping Review of Trauma, Mental Health and First Responders in Australia
Authors: Jones Rikki , Jackson Debra , Ranse Jamie , Arena Andrew , Clegg Lisa , Sutton Clare , Gayed Aimee , Rice Kylie , Usher Kim 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTExposure to traumatic and/or violent events is an inherent part of the first responder role, which increases the risk of developing acute and chronic mental health symptoms and conditions. Suicidality for Australian first responders have recently increased with prevalence considered much higher compared with the general population. To inform specific recommendations for Australian first responders, there is a need to establish what evidence is available regarding these issues within the Australian context. The aim of this scoping review was to explore the impacts of trauma on the mental health of Australian first responders, the strategies recommended to address these issues and any unique needs in rural contexts. A scoping review was undertaken following PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. Peer‐reviewed articles on Australian first responder mental health from seven databases were screened for inclusion. This review highlights that despite available evidence on the types of traumas and adverse mental health outcomes experienced, less evidence exists pertaining to intervention effectiveness. There are major gaps in evidence within rural and remote contexts which hinders effective planning and delivery of support for rural and regional first responders. Clinicians such as mental health nurses, particularly in rural areas, need to be aware of these gaps which impact planning and delivery of support and are in prime position to ensure screening, interventions and strategies are used and evaluated to determine their suitability for rural first responders.
Trends in use of intensive care during hospitalizations at the end‐of‐life among older adults with advanced cancer
Authors: Jain Snigdha , Long Jessica B. , Rao Vinay , Law Anica C. , Walkey Allan J. , Prsic Elizabeth , Lindenauer Peter K. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Gross Cary P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity end‐of‐life (EOL) care, marked by admission to intensive care units (ICUs) or in‐hospital death, can be costly and burdensome. Recent trends in use of ICUs, life‐sustaining treatments (LSTs), and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during EOL hospitalizations among older adults with advanced cancer and patterns of in‐hospital death are unknown.MethodsWe used SEER‐Medicare data (2003–2017) to identify beneficiaries with advanced solid cancer (summary stage 7) who died within 3 years of diagnosis. We identified EOL hospitalizations (within 30 days of death), classifying them by increasing intensity of care into: (1) without ICU; (2) with ICU but without LST (invasive mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, gastrostomy, acute dialysis) or NIV; (3) with ICU and NIV but without LST; and (4) with ICU and LST use. We constructed a multinomial regression model to evaluate trends in risk‐adjusted hospitalization, overall and across hospitalization categories, adjusting for sociodemographics, cancer characteristics, comorbidities, and frailty. We evaluated trends in in‐hospital death across categories.ResultsOf 226,263 Medicare beneficiaries with advanced cancer, 138,305 (61.1%) were hospitalized at EOL [Age, Mean (SD):77.9(7.1) years; 45.5% female]. Overall, EOL hospitalizations remained high throughout, from 78.1% (95% CI: 77.4, 78.7) in 2004 to 75.5% (95% CI: 74.5, 76.2) in 2017. Hospitalizations without ICU use decreased from 49.3% (95% CI: 48.5, 50.2) to 35.0% (95% CI: 34.2, 35.9) while hospitalizations with more intensive care increased, from 23.7% (95% CI: 23.0, 24.4) to 28.7% (95% CI: 27.9, 29.5) for ICU without LST or NIV, 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6, 0.9) to 3.8% (95% CI: 3.4, 4.1) for ICU with NIV but without LST, and 4.3% (95% CI: 4.0, 4.7) to 8.0% (95% CI: 7.5, 8.5) for ICU with LST use. Among those who experienced in‐hospital death, the proportion receiving ICU care increased from 46.5% to 65.0%.ConclusionsAmong older adults with advanced cancer, EOL hospitalization rates remained stable from 2004–2017. However, intensity of care during EOL hospitalizations increased as evidenced by increasing use of ICUs, LSTs, and NIV.
Annotation and automated segmentation of single‐molecule localisation microscopy data
Authors: Umney Oliver , Leng Joanna , Canettieri Gianluca , Riobo‐Del Galdo Natalia A. , Slaney Hayley , Quirke Philip , Peckham Michelle , Curd Alistair 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle Molecule Localisation Microscopy (SMLM) is becoming a widely used technique in cell biology. After processing the images, the molecular localisations are typically stored in a table as xy (or xyz) coordinates, with additional information, such as number of photons, etc. This set of coordinates can be used to generate an image to visualise the molecular distribution, for example, a 2D or 3D histogram of localisations. Many different methods have been devised to analyse SMLM data, among which cluster analysis of the localisations is popular. However, it can be useful to first segment the data, to extract the localisations in a specific region of a cell or in individual cells, prior to downstream analysis. Here we describe a pipeline for annotating localisations in an SMLM dataset in which we compared membrane segmentation approaches, including Otsu thresholding and machine learning models, and subsequent cell segmentation. We used an SMLM dataset derived from dSTORM images of sectioned cell pellets, stained for the membrane proteins EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and EREG (epiregulin) as a test dataset. We found that a Cellpose model retrained on our data performed the best in the membrane segmentation task, allowing us to perform downstream cluster analysis of membrane versus cell interior localisations. We anticipate this will be generally useful for SMLM analysis.
Preface to the special issue “Neuroimmunology”
Authors: Godbout Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis preface introduces the Special Issue on Neuroimmunology in the Journal of Neurochemistry. The basis of neuroimmunology is to understand functional interactions between cells of the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). These cells communicate across systems because they share signaling molecules and corresponding receptors. Moreover, this cell signaling allows for dynamic bidirectional communication between the immune system and the brain both within the CNS proper as well as across peripheral organs. Because of this, Neuroimmunology intersects with many biological processes including immunity, behavior, endocrinology, metabolism, and pathology. Understanding neuroimmune interactions that influence CNS homeostasis is especially relevant in health and disease. This special issue comprises of 14 articles, representing 9 review articles and 5 original articles, covering the roles of neuroimmunology relevant to CNS injury, CNS & peripheral infections, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and COVID‐19. Thus, these articles highlight different aspects of neuroimmunology and signaling, and represent progress in understanding the consequences of inflammation on key communication pathways between the immune system and the brains.
Prolonged unemployment is associated with control loss and personal as well as social disengagement
Authors: Soral Wiktor , Bukowski Marcin , Bilewicz Michał , Cichocka Aleksandra , Lewczuk Karol , Marchlewska Marta , Rabinovitch Aleksandra , Rędzio Anna , Skrodzka Magdalena , Kofta Mirosław 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjective and BackgroundThe need for control is a fundamental human motivation, that when deprived can lead to broad and substantial changes in human behavior. We aimed to assess the consequences of control deprivation in a real‐life situation that poses a severe threat to personal control: a prolonged unemployment.MethodUsing a sample N = 1055 of unemployed (n = 748) versus working (n = 307) individuals, we examined predictions derived from two models of reactions to control deprivation: control‐regaining and disengagement/withdrawal.Results and ConclusionsWe found that length unemployment is correlated with a psychological state strongly interfering with psychological as well as social functioning. While control‐regaining models of responding to lack of control have received virtually no support from our findings, our results provide evidence that long‐term unemployed individuals are more disengaged than working individuals. They are more apathetic, less likely to engage in control‐regaining efforts and in active forms of construing one's own future.
Adrenergic Agonists Activate Transcriptional Activity in Immortalized Neuronal Cells From the Mouse Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Authors: Langiu Monica , Dehghani Faramarz , Hohmann Urszula , Bechstein Philipp , Rawashdeh Oliver , Rami Abdelhaq , Maronde Erik 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN) houses the central circadian oscillator of mammals. The main neurotransmitters produced in the SCN are γ‐amino‐butyric acid, arginine‐vasopressin (AVP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary‐derived adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide (PACAP), prokineticin 2, neuromedin S, and gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP). Apart from these, catecholamines and their receptors were detected in the SCN as well. In this study, we confirmed the presence of β‐adrenergic receptors in SCN and a mouse SCN‐derived immortalized cell line by immunohistochemical, immuno‐cytochemical, and pharmacological techniques. We then characterized the effects of β‐adrenergic agonists and antagonists on cAMP‐regulated element (CRE) signaling. Moreover, we investigated the interaction of β‐adrenergic signaling with substances influencing parallel signaling pathways. Our findings have potential implications on the role of stress (elevated adrenaline) on the biological clock and may explain some of the side effects of β‐blockers applied as anti‐hypertensive drugs.