bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REFLEX—A novel method for the rapid estimation of flood extent
Authors: Arcorace Mauro , Libertino Andrea , Alfieri Lorenzo , Gabellani Simone , Matanò Alessia , Masoero Alessandro , Basso Valerio , Boni Giorgio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReliable flood hazard mapping is crucial for enhancing flood preparedness, especially in poorly gauged and vulnerable areas. Yet, current flood models are either highly detailed and computationally intensive or oversimplified, failing to capture important flow dynamics. Here, we present the Rapid Estimation of FLood EXtent (REFLEX), a hydro‐geomorphological model for flood hazard mapping at multiple scales that improves upon the existing Height Above the Nearest Drainage model by constraining flood extent using physically‐coherent flood volumes. Input volume is distributed from channel to hillslope cells by using an iterative optimization based on the Manning's equation, bypassing the need for accurate rating curves. The model improves the accuracy of inundation extent in flat areas by accounting for backwater effects, and in coastal zones by extending the calculation boundaries beyond the direct watershed area. REFLEX was tested over five areas with different climatic conditions, including flash‐flood prone catchments in Italy and large floodplains in the Zambezi river basin. Results denote skillful representation of flooded areas in the Italian catchments, with critical success index (CSI) up to 0.62. In the African cases, REFLEX produced the best estimates of the flood extent and CSI comparable with two state of the art global inundation models. REFLEX is a competitive flood modelling tool for large scale and high resolution applications thanks to its limited input requirements and computing times two orders of magnitude shorter than equivalent hydraulic simulations.
Changes in neighborhood disadvantage over the course of 22 years among community‐living older persons
Authors: Gill Thomas M. , Becher Robert D. , Leo‐Summers Linda , Gahbauer Evelyne A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmong older persons, neighborhood disadvantage is a granular and increasingly used social determinant of health and functional well‐being. The frequency of transitions into or out of a disadvantaged neighborhood over time is not known. These transitions may occur when a person moves from one location to another or when the Neighborhood Atlas, the data source for the area deprivation index (ADI) that is used to identify disadvantaged neighborhoods at the census‐block level, is updated.MethodsFrom a prospective longitudinal study of community‐living persons, aged 70 years or older in South Central Connecticut, neighborhood disadvantage was ascertained every 18 months for 22 years (from March 1998 to March 2020). ADI scores higher than the 80th state percentile were used to distinguish neighborhoods that were disadvantaged (81–100) from those that were not (1–80).ResultsAt baseline, 205 (29.3%) of the 699 participants were living in a disadvantaged neighborhood. Changes in neighborhood disadvantage during 14 consecutive 18‐month intervals were relatively uncommon, ranging from 1.5% to 11.8%. Nearly 80% of participants had no change in neighborhood disadvantage and less than 4% had more than one change over a median follow‐up of more than 9 years. Overall, the rate of transitions into or out of neighborhood disadvantage was only 2.7 per 100 person‐years. These transitions were most common when the Neighborhood Atlas was updated (2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020). Comparable results were observed when decile changes in ADI scores during the 18‐month intervals were evaluated.ConclusionsIn longitudinal studies of older persons with extended follow‐up, it may not be necessary to update information on disadvantaged neighborhoods in circumstances when it is possible, and the degree of misclassification of neighborhood disadvantage should be relatively low in circumstances when updated information cannot be obtained.
An artists' reflection of her First Civil Rights Tour
Authors: Frazier Smith Gwendolyn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEmbarking on an adventure to tour Black museums and Civil Rights sites provides one of the best opportunities to understand history and culture. It is accomplished via an expert tour guide, site visits, as well as through documentaries, and video footage. Imagine learning from such footage about the youngest child, a 4‐year‐old and hearing him questioning about his participation in a Civil Rights protest; he proudly responds “for Teedom” [Freedom] that is bound to stick with you. It stuck with me so much that it became a term used in my art for brave youth involved in social justice. These acts of “Teedom” were evident throughout the Civil Rights Tour, one of the best adventures of my life.
Nocturnal burst emissions of germacrene D from the open disk florets of pyrethrum flowers induce moths to oviposit on a nonhost and improve pollination success
Authors: Li Jinjin , Luo Yuanyuan , Li Maoyuan , Li Jiawen , Zeng Tuo , Luo Jing , Chang Xiangqian , Wang Manqun , Jongsma Maarten A. , Hu Hao , Wang Caiyun 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Recent studies show that nocturnal pollinators may be more important to ecosystem function and food production than is currently appreciated. Here, we describe an agricultural field study of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) flower pollination. Pyrethrum is genetically self‐incompatible and thus is reliant on pollinators for seed set. Our pollinator exclusion experiment showed that nocturnal insects, particularly moths, significantly contribute to seed set and quality.

We discovered that the most abundant floral volatile, the sesquiterpene (−)‐germacrene D (GD), is key in attracting the noctuid moths Peridroma saucia and Helicoverpa armigera. Germacrene D synthase (GDS) gene expression regulates the specific GD production and accumulation in flowers, which, in contrast to related species, lose the habit of closing at night.

We did observe that female moths also oviposited on pyrethrum leaves and flower peduncles, but found that only a small fraction of those eggs hatched. Larvae were severely stunted in development, most likely due to the presence of pyrethrin defense compounds.

This example of exploitative mutualism, which blocks the reproductive success of the moth pollinator and depends on nocturnal interactions, is placed into an ecological context to explain why it may have developed.
Dry inside: progressive unsaturation within leaves with increasing vapour pressure deficit affects estimation of key leaf gas exchange parameters
Authors: Diao Haoyu , Cernusak Lucas A. , Saurer Matthias , Gessler Arthur , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Lehmann Marco M. 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Climate change not only leads to higher air temperatures but also increases the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) of the air. Understanding the direct effect of VPD on leaf gas exchange is crucial for precise modelling of stomatal functioning.

We conducted combined leaf gas exchange and online isotope discrimination measurements on four common European tree species across a VPD range of 0.8–3.6 kPa, while maintaining constant temperatures without soil water limitation. In addition to applying the standard assumption of saturated vapour pressure inside leaves (ei), we inferred ei from oxygen isotope discrimination of CO2 and water vapour.

ei desaturated progressively with increasing VPD, consistently across species, resulting in an intercellular relative humidity as low as 0.73 ± 0.11 at the highest tested VPD. Assuming saturation of ei overestimated the extent of reductions in stomatal conductance and CO2 mole fraction inside leaves in response to increasing VPD compared with calculations that accounted for unsaturation. In addition, a significant decrease in mesophyll conductance with increasing VPD only occurred when the unsaturation of ei was considered.

We suggest that the possibility of unsaturated ei should not be overlooked in measurements related to leaf gas exchange and in stomatal models, especially at high VPD.
‘Ain't I a Nurse’, implementing a digital illustration of resistance when challenging anti‐Black racism in nursing education
Authors: Prendergast Nadia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the COVID‐19 pandemic, ongoing reports have highlighted the urgency of addressing anti‐Black racism within Canada's healthcare system. The paucity of research within a Canadian context has created growing concerns among Millennials and Generation Zs for healthcare to address growing health disparities and health inequities that are attributed to institutional and structural racism. Recognizing the paradigm shift that has occurred because of the pandemic and the sleuth of racial killings, the nursing classroom has witnessed a change and a need for nursing education to be relevant for the cohort of nursing students who are seeking answers. The scarcity of nursing literature addressing diverse forms of learning demonstrates the need for nursing education to explore new ways of being diverse, inclusive and innovative when teaching intergenerationally. In this paper, the author challenges nurse educators to revisit the student–educator relationship by introducing critical digital pedagogy to dismantle anti‐Black racism and promote student–educator engagement for transformative learning to occur. As an educator, the author implements the use of digital illustration as a tool of resistance for students and educators to assess, engage, act and reflect on creating change within nursing education. Using Black feminist thought and culturally responsive learning, the author introduces an arts‐based approach through the innovative design of an illustration, titled, ‘Ain't I a Nurse. Combining historical stories with contemporary socio‐political experiences, the author demonstrates how students and educators can enter a cognitive learning experience where they can connect mentally and emotionally, and in so doing re‐envision and recreate a new world that centralizes equity, diversity and inclusivity through critical discourses. Through the illustration anti‐Black racism is challenged and anti‐Black racism resistance is discovered as an antidote in dismantling anti‐Black racism within nursing education.
Rewatering after drought: Unravelling the drought thresholds and function recovery‐limiting factors in maize leaves
Authors: Liu Junzhou , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing , Xiong Dongliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrought and subsequent rewatering are common in agriculture, where recovery from mild droughts is easier than from severe ones. The specific drought threshold and factors limiting recovery are under‐researched. This study subjected maize plants to varying drought degrees before rewatering, and measuring plant water status, gas exchange, hydraulic conductance, hormone levels, and cellular damage throughout. We discovered that stomatal reopening in plants was inhibited with leaf water potentials below about −1.7 MPa, hindering postdrought photosynthetic recovery. Neither hydraulic loss nor abscisic acid (ABA) content was the factor inhibited stomatal reopening on the second day following moderate drought stress and rewatering. But stomatal reopening was significantly correlated to the interaction between hydraulic signals and ABA content under severe drought. Extended drought led to leaf death at about −2.8 MPa or 57% relative water content, influenced by reduced rehydration capacity, not hydraulic failure. The lethal threshold remained relatively constant across leaf stages, but the recoverable safety margin (RSM), that is, the water potential difference between stomatal closure and recovery capacity loss, significantly decreased with leaf aging due to delayed stomatal closure during drought. Our findings indicate hydraulic failure alone does not cause maize leaf death, highlighting the importance of RSM in future research.
Perinatal adversities as a common factor underlying the association between atypical laterality and neurodevelopmental disorders: A developmental perspective
Authors: Hamaoui Jad , Ocklenburg Sebastian , Segond Hervé 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral neurodevelopmental disorders are associated with a higher prevalence of atypical laterality (e.g., left‐handedness). Both genetic and non‐genetic factors play a role in this association, yet the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are largely unclear. Recent studies have found that stress, mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, could be linked to laterality development. These findings provide an opportunity to explore new theoretical perspectives on the association between atypical laterality and neurodevelopmental disorders. This article aims to provide a theoretical framework demonstrating how perinatal adversities could disrupt the typical developmental trajectories of both laterality and neurodevelopment, potentially impacting both the HPA axis and the vestibular system. Additionally, we argue that the relationship between atypical laterality and neurodevelopmental disorders cannot be understood by simply linking genetic and non‐genetic factors to a diagnosis, but the developmental trajectories must be considered. Based on these ideas, several perspectives for future research are proposed.
Cystic lung in sarcoidosis: Clinico‐radiologic characteristic and evolution
Authors: Franco Giovanni , Debray Marie‐Pierre , Anzani Niccolò , Marruchella Almerico , Cazes Aurélie , Le Guen Pierre , Taillé Camille , Faverio Paola , Borie Raphaël , Luppi Fabrizio , Crestani Bruno 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveSarcoidosis can manifest with atypical findings on chest computed tomography (CT). Cysts are a rare manifestation of lung sarcoidosis. The aim of the study was to describe a series of patients with cystic sarcoidosis and their clinical‐radiological characteristics and progression.MethodsIn this retrospective, bicentric study we recruited all patients affected by sarcoidosis with lung cystic lesions at chest CT. We collected clinical characteristics, pulmonary tests and tracked number, distribution and size of the cysts at diagnosis and at the last evaluation.ResultsTwelve patients (6 males, median age 53 years) were identified (prevalence: 1.9%; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.8%–2.9%). All patients presented multiple cystic lesions (median number: 14 [range: 2–216]) with a bilateral distribution in 10/12, micronodules and nodules in 11/12 and fibrotic lesions in 4/12. Seven patients had normal lung function test, three had an obstructive syndrome, one had a restrictive syndrome and one had coexistence of both. During follow‐up (median: 10 years [range 1–16 years]), an increase of the number of cysts was observed in four patients. At last evaluation, 3/12 patients experienced a decline of forced vital capacity >10% and 3/12 patients a decline of diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) >10%. A lower DLCO at diagnosis, and the presence of nodules or fibrotic lesions on CT were associated with an increase in the number of cysts.ConclusionCystic lung lesions are rare in patients with sarcoidosis and do not influence long term prognosis.
Asymptotic Fermat's last theorem for a family of equations of signature (2,2n,n)$(2, 2n, n)$
Authors: Cazorla García Pedro‐José 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the integer solutions of a family of Fermat‐type equations of signature , . We provide an algorithmically testable set of conditions which, if satisfied, imply the existence of a constant such that if , there are no solutions of the equation. Our methods use the modular method for Diophantine equations, along with level lowering and Galois theory.
Extreme Heat in the Caribbean: Impacts on Wellbeing and Buildings Energy Infrastructure—The 2023 Summer Case
Authors: Boakye Oppong Frederick , Keneshia Hibbert , Jorge Gonzalez-Cruz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The summer of 2023 in Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands witnessed an unprecedented surge in extreme heat, surpassing historical norms prompting the analysis of the broader implications for the Caribbean region. This study presents the initial analysis of this remarkable heatwave, the broader context of global climate change, and its potential impacts on people's well-being and energy demand. Historical and 2023 summer daily maximum heat index (HI) are calculated using local stations and regional gridded data. The results show that summer 2023 exhibited a significant departure from the historical climate. For about 70% of summer days, HI values above 100 °F were recorded. It was found that the extreme summer is part of a broader regional pattern. The summer of 2023 recorded higher sea surface temperatures with anomalies above 2.07 °C and the weakening of the Azores High resulting in reduced wind speed in the region. This diminished the cooling effect associated with cooler maritime air aiding the stagnation of air masses over the region. The analysis sets a threshold of HI of 103 °F to assess human exposure. A significant portion of the region's population, especially in urban areas, was exposed to HI above this threshold. Concurrently, the intense heat led to increased energy demands, with about a 25% increase in peak energy demand in buildings. Per capita consumption exceeded 200 kWh/month for cooling and human comfort and anomalies adding around 15 kWh/month. The study is a step forward in developing adaptive strategies to safeguard vulnerable communities due to global warming-induced extreme events.
NMPC for Collision Avoidance by Superellipsoid Separation
Authors: Moran Ruairi , Bagley Sheila , Kasmann Seth , Martin Rob , Pasley David , Trimble Shane , Dianics James , Sopasakis Pantelis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a novel nonlinear model predictive controller (NMPC) formulation for real-time obstacle avoidance on heavy equipment by modeling both vehicle and obstacles as convex superellipsoids. The combination of this approach with the separating hyperplane theorem and optimization engine (OpEn) allows to achieve efficient obstacle avoidance in autonomous heavy equipment and robotics. We demonstrate the efficacy of the approach through simulated and experimental results, showcasing a skid-steer loader’s capability to navigate in obstructed environments.
A Lightweight and Transferable Design for Robust Lego Manipulation
Authors: Liu Ruixuan , Sun Yifan , Liu Changliu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lego is a well-known platform for prototyping pixelized objects. However, robotic Lego prototyping (i.e., manipulating Lego bricks) is challenging due to the tight connections and accuracy requirements. This paper investigates safe and efficient robotic Lego manipulation. In particular, this paper reduces the complexity of the manipulation by hardware-software co-design. An end-of-arm tool (EOAT) is designed, which reduces the problem dimension and allows large industrial robots to manipulate small Lego bricks. In addition, this paper uses evolution strategy to optimize the robot motion for Lego manipulation. Experiments demonstrate that the EOAT can reliably manipulate Lego bricks and the learning framework can effectively and safely improve the manipulation performance to a 100% success rate. The co-design is deployed to multiple robots (i.e., FANUC LR-mate 200id/7L and Yaskawa GP4) to demonstrate its generalizability and transferability. In the end, we show that the proposed solution enables sustainable robotic Lego prototyping, in which the robot can repeatedly assemble and disassemble different prototypes.
Verification of Draft Standards of 8-Shaped Motion Test on Five-Axis Machining Centers
Authors: Inoue Yuto , Ihara Yukitoshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
ISO10791-7, which specifies the machining accuracy test standard for machining centers, and ISO10791-6, which specifies the interpolation motion test standard, were revised in 2014 to include five-axis machining centers (5-axis MCs). In 2019, China proposed a method of 8-shaped test as an interpolation motion test. In the 8-shaped test, the tip of the spindle moves in a sinusoidal curve, so there is no large acceleration or deceleration like the S-shape test proposed by China last time. Since the tip of the tool is fixed at one point and does not move, a device called R-test is used to measure the center position of the reference ball by three displacement sensors. In this report, the latest test method proposed as an ISO standard was conducted using actual machine and examined its problems.
Dynamic Behavior Analysis of Yarns During Knitting Process of Fabrics
Authors: Hayano Kazuki , Wakamatsu Hidefumi , Iwata Yoshiharu , Yamada Yuya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Knit products are widely used in our daily lives because of their excellent elasticity and warmth retention properties. Among such knit products, many of the products we wear on a daily basis are usually composed of flat knitted fabric, which is the basic structure of knitted fabric. This unique structure of flat knitting gives knit products a high degree of elasticity. However, a defect called Yotari often occurs during the creation of flat knitting. Since the appearance of knit products are impaired by this defect, there is a need to predict the occurrence of such defects and to investigate their causes. The purpose of this study is to predict the occurrence and determine the cause of the problem by dynamically analyzing the yarns knitted on a knitting machine. In this paper, we examine the hypothesis of the cause of Yotari. First, we formulate the yarn based on physical constraints. Next, we formulate the contact and friction between the yarn and the knitting parts. Finally, we dynamically simulate the behavior of the yarn as it is woven by the knitting parts.
Error Compensation for a Six-Axis Robot Applied to the Machining of Sand Mold
Authors: Morita Tomoya , Ibaraki Soichi , Kishimoto Yuuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Large parts in, for example, construction machineries, are often made by the casting using a sand mold. Sand mold production requires a lot of manual labor, especially for large parts. In addition, since a sand mold must be destroyed to remove the casting from the sand, patterns, from which a mold cavity is created, must be stored in a warehouse to manufacture spare parts in future. To reduce its space and cost, and to automate the construction of a sand casting mold, direct machining of a sand casting mold based on a virtual model of patterns has been studied. Robotic machining of a sand mold seems promising, due to its lower machine cost than machine tools, and lower material cost and higher manufacturing efficiency than the additive manufacturing. However, the robotic milling requires a solution to the problem of poor positioning accuracy of robots. Our research group has proposed a new kinematic model containing the angular positioning error of all six axes, as well as the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) errors. Based on this model, the final goal of this study is to apply the error correction to a sand mold machining robot and to improve its positioning accuracy to meet the geometric accuracy requirement for a sand casting mold. To this goal, this paper presents the experimental identification of the present model, and static and dynamic tests to investigate the contour accuracy, without performing actual machining, under the compensation by the present model.