bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steps toward an integrated soil water tension and osmotic tension sensor
Authors: Goodchild Martin S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe two most important abiotic plant stressors that impact plant development and crop yields are water stress and salinity stress. These issues are particularly important in arid and semi‐arid regions. According to a 2019 research paper, “thirty crop species provide 90% of our food, most of which display severe yield losses under moderate salinity.” Moderate salinity is defined as extracted pore‐water salinity in the range of 4–8 dS m−1. Currently, commercially available soil moisture and bulk soil electrical conductivity sensors can estimate in situ soil pore‐water electrical conductivity with suitably calibrated soil moisture and electrical conductivity models for a wide range of soil types and growing media. With knowledge of the pore‐water electrical conductivity it is possible to estimate osmotic tension. Furthermore, there are commercially available dielectric tensiometers that provide soil water tension measurements from the water content of a porous matrix component that is in equilibrium with the water capillary forces in the surrounding soil or growing media. Combining soil moisture and soil water tension measurements enables water retention curves and the hydraulic properties of a soil to be determined. However, the overall ability of a plant to extract water from a soil or substrate is typically dominated by water tension and osmotic tension. Currently, while the technology blocks exist in different commercial offerings, the combination of a water tension and osmotic tension in an integrated sensor does not exist. A key benefit of the porous matrix in a dielectric tensiometer is that electrical measurements include a component of extracted water from the soil or growing media. With the appropriate dielectric characterization of the porous matrix, there should be no need for soil‐specific calibrations. The aim of the paper is to outline the measurement processing that could be implemented into an integrated water tension and osmotic tension sensor.
Synthesis, Computational, Anticancer, and Electrochemical Behavior Studies of 3‐Methyl‐4‐(hetero)aryl Methylene Isoxazole‐5(4H)‐One
Authors: Mane Radhika , Yaraguppi Deepak A. , Chandrakala K. B , Kamanna Kantharaju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract3‐methyl‐4‐(hetero)arylmethylidene isoxazole‐5(4H)‐one derivatives (4a‐r) derivatives (4a‐r) were synthesized by the multi‐component reactions. The multi‐component reactions (MCRs) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl acetoacetate and aromatic/ heteroaromatic aldehyde catalyzed by novel Glutamic acid (Glu) as a biodegradable and eco‐friendly organocatalyst in ethanol on oil bath stirring at 60 °C. The final product homogeneity was examined by various spectroscopic techniques. In this work prepared compounds 4 q and 4 r are novel derivatives. The molecular dynamics of total energy and energy gap was calculated using DFT/B3LYP/6–31G (dp) method. The selected derivatives (4 l–r) screened against in vitro MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line by MTT assay, derivatives 4 l and 4 o displayed very good activity with IC50 of 6.57±2.31, and 21.93±1.34 as compared to doxorubicin of IC50 (3.69±0.17). Molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate interaction of PDB id: 1 M17 with led molecules of MCF‐7. Later, 1 M17 and 4 l underwent 200 ns molecular dynamics and simulation within physiological conditions, the outcomes showed that during the simulation, the ligand stayed in the same form. Further, the selected derivatives drug like computed using swissADME, and derivatives 4 l–r obeyed rule of Lipinski's. Furthermore, selected derivatives tested for electrochemical behavior using cyclic voltammetry, and compound 4 l and 4 q showed strong oxidation and reduction potential, thus these derivatives can present better antioxidant properties.
PdO Reinforced CuO/Al2O3 Mesoporous Nanostructures as High‐Efficiency Electrocatalysts for Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction (HzOR)
Authors: Khan Safia , Arshad Ifzan , Aftab Saima , Arshad Javeria , Khan Mariam , Shah Syed Sakhawat , Janjua Naveed Kausar , Mohany Mohamed , Ning Yafei , Li Hu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect hydrazine fuel cells (DHFC) insist on the evolved and persistent electrocatalysts for anodic hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Herein, PdO promoted CuO heterostructures supported on γ‐Al2O3 are depicted as efficient electrocatalysts for HzOR. γ‐Al2O3 is prepared by precipitation method while metal precursors are incorporated by co‐impregnation technique. Physiochemically characterized PdO‐CuO/Al2O3 mesoporous composites displayed large electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) i. e., 0.18 cm2, high current density (j) i. e., 35.7 mA cm−2, larger diffusion coefficient (D°) i. e., 29.3×10−4 (cm2s−1), large apparent rate constant (kapp) i. e., 13.2 cm−1 with low charge transfer resistance (Rct) i. e., 3.6 kΩ shown by the best catalyst i. e., 1 % PdO‐CuO/Al2O3. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the fabricated working electrodes offer high efficiency towards HzOR in alkaline medium in such a way that 1 % PdO‐CuO/Al2O3 produced 600 times higher oxidation current than CuO/Al2O3 composite. Owing to stability and reproducibility, PdO modified CuO/Al2O3 would achieve a huge catalytic significance in multiple electrochemical oxidation reactions with economic and ecological benefits.
Enhanced Positive Charge Performance in Triboelectric Series: Molecular Engineering of Conjugated Mesoporous Fibers for Machine Learning‐Based Wearable Sensors
Authors: Sun Jingzhe , Jeong Songah , Zheng Zihao , Ren Bingqi , Han Seunghye , Li Yongwei , Bae Jihyun , Xiang Yong , Kim Hyungwoo , Park Jong‐jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the increasing focus on triboelectric‐based sensors, research on synthesizing dielectric layers from specific substances is gradually emerging. Despite numerous negatively‐charged triboelectric materials, there is a scarcity of synthesizable positively‐charged materials, creating a research gap. This study demonstrates the molecular design of a conjugated, mesoporous, self‐assembled sheet via bottom‐up synthesis. The synthesized sheet is functionalized to create a triboelectric nanogenerator. Its large specific surface area, softness, and internal space increase the actual contact area and provide adsorption sites for polypyrrole nanoparticles. The incorporation of ‐COO functional group enhances positive triboelectric performance, forming a dielectric layer with charge‐trapping capabilities. When contact with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), this structure boosts the output voltage, showing significant amplification after charge injection with minimal decay. As a demonstration, the bilayer structure is applied as a touchpad on the experimenter's arm to write symbols. The signals are input into an innovative machine‐learning model to interpret the writer's intent. Additionally, the device connects to a terminal for real‐time medical services, suggesting practical applications for wearable triboelectric sensors with artificial intelligence.
Free‐floating intraperitoneal necrotic lipoma in a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Webb Chris , Herrman Annika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn approximately 3‐year‐old, male, neutered, black Dutch guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) was presented for routine health check shortly following adoption. Physical examination revealed an incidental non‐painful, firm, highly mobile, ovoid mass ventrally in the mid‐abdomen. The remaining examination was otherwise normal, and investigation was declined due to lack of clinical signs. The guinea pig was re‐presented 2 months later, as it appeared less interactive. The mass was unchanged, but mild abdominal pain was present on palpation. Ultrasound examination revealed a 60 × 40 mm discoid, hyperechoic mass with multiple hypoechoic, well‐demarcated cavitary areas. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and a free‐floating, dark tan, smooth, firm, biconvex mass was removed without further dissection or ligation. Clinical signs resolved in the first week, and the animal remained clinically normal 3 months postoperatively. A necrotic lipoma was confirmed on histology, and should therefore be a differential for an abdominal mass in this species.
The Spread of Anti-vaccination Memes on Facebook
Authors: Knuutila Aleksi , George Anna , Bright Jonathan , George Anna , Howard Philip 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFalse claims about vaccines can find large audiences online, leading to vaccine hesitancy. The most influential content on social media is often visual, but studies about misinformation largely focus on text instead of images. This study uses new image analysis capabilities that Facebook and Instagram have made available to understand the spread of visual anti-vaccination memes on these platforms. We identified 200 influential memes that contain scepticism or hesitancy towards vaccines and the 15,000 public Facebook accounts on which the memes have been shared. We describe the memes’ spread on a large scale by identifying communities of accounts and describing the diffusion pathways of memes between the communities. We develop a novel method of testing whether a meme has spread from one community of accounts to another that works on sequential time series alone. We identify 16 distinct communities of Facebook accounts and categories them based on thematic and regional focus. Anti-vaccination memes originate predominantly from North American Facebook accounts. These accounts often focus on opposing COVID-19 policies or promoting conspiracy theories about elites. Memes from these communities also spread internationally, particularly to Europe, demonstrating their influence beyond North America. The analysis demonstrates that memes receive the most engagement within their initial community. However, their overall reach depends on their ability to spread to other communities. This suggests that the ability of memes to find large audiences is based on their capacity to spread beyond their original contexts and to be used by groups with potentially different agendas.
Flat space spinning massive amplitudes from momentum space CFT
Authors: Marotta Raffaele , Skenderis Kostas , Verma Mritunjay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We discuss the flat space limit of AdS using the momentum space representation of CFT correlators. The flat space limit involves sending the AdS radius and the dimensions of operators dual to massive fields to infinity while also scaling appropriately the sources of the dual operators. In this limit, d-dimensional CFT correlators become (d + 1)-dimensional scattering amplitudes. We exemplify our discussion with the computation of the flat-space limit of the CFT 3-point function of a conserved current, a non-conserved charged vector operator and its conjugate. The flat-space limit should yield the scattering amplitude of an Abelian gauge field with two massive vector fields. This scattering amplitude computes the electromagnetic form factors of the electromagnetic current in a spin-1 state, and these form factors encode the electromagnetic properties of the massive vector field (charge, magnetic moment and quadruple moment). In terms of the CFT, the flat-space limit amounts to zooming in the infrared region of the triple-K integrals that determine the 3-point function, while also scaling to infinity the order of (some of) the Bessel functions that feature in the triple-K integrals. In this limit the triple-K integral becomes proportional to the energy-preserving delta function, and the flat space limit correctly yields the corresponding flat space scattering amplitude in complete detail.
Robust IMPT and follow-up toxicity in skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma—a single-institution clinical experience
Authors: Miladinovic Vesna , Klaver Yvonne L. B. , Krol Augustinus D. G. , Kroesen Michiel , Verbist Berit M. , Habraken Steven J. M. , van Furth Wouter R. , Coremans Ida E. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Chordomas and chondrosarcomas of the skull base are rare, slowly growing malignant bone neoplasms. Despite their radioresistant properties, proton therapy has been successfully used as an adjunct to resection or as a definitive treatment. Herewith, we present our experience with robustly optimized intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and related toxicities in skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma patients treated at HollandPTC, Delft, the Netherlands.

Methods
Clinical data, treatment plans, and acute toxicities of patients treated between July 2019 and August 2021 were reviewed. CT and 3.0T MRI scans for treatment planning were performed in supine position in a thermoplastic mold. In total, 21 dose optimization and 28 dose evaluation scenarios were simulated. Acute toxicity was scored weekly before and during the treatment according to the CTCAE v4.0. Median follow-up was 35 months (range 12–36 months).

Results
Overall, 9 chordoma and 3 chondrosarcoma patients with 1–3 resections prior to IMPT were included; 4 patients had titanium implants. Brainstem core and surface and spinal cord core and surface were used for nominal plan robust optimization in 11, 10, 8, and 7 patients, respectively. Middle ear inflammation, dry mouth, radiation dermatitis, taste disorder, and/or alopecia of grades 1–3 were noted at the end of treatment among 6 patients without similar complaints at inclusion; symptoms disappeared 3 months following the treatment.

Conclusion
Robustly optimized IMPT is clinically feasible as a postoperative treatment for skull base chordoma and chondrosarcoma patients. We observed acceptable early toxicities (grade 1–3) that disappeared within the first 3 months after irradiation.
Short-run impact of electricity on social capital: evidence from a rural electricity program
Authors: Dendup Ngawang , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Xiao Yayue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Access to electricity is increasing in developing nations, driven by the belief that it can enhance economic outcomes. However, beyond its economic impact, electricity availability can influence non-economic outcomes like social capital, especially in rural settings. Social capital plays a crucial role in promoting collective actions and improving the credibility of social contract, which can help alleviate market inefficiencies stemming from challenges in enforcing such agreements. This study investigates the impact of electricity on social capital, focusing on household-level trust, interactions and engagements. To overcome the potential endogeneity of electricity access, we estimate a bivariate probit model, using a plausibly exogenous land gradient as an instrument. Our findings suggest that, in the short run, the influence of electricity on various social capital measures is not statistically significant. However, we do find some evidence of a heterogeneous effect.
Transparency at its best: neutrons probing archaeological glass finds from Romania
Authors: Bugoi Roxana , Ţârlea Alexandra , Szilágyi Veronika , Cliante Laurenţiu , Harsányi Ildikó , Kasztovszky Zsolt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the suitability of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) technique for the compositional study of ancient glass finds, illustrating this idea by presenting and commenting the chemical composition of 41 Roman glass fragments discovered in archaeological excavations at Tomis, Histria, and Beidaud, Romania. According to typological and stratigraphic criteria, most finds were dated to the 1st-4th centuries AD. The PGAA measurements were performed at the Budapest Neutron Centre (BNC), Hungary. Regardless of their color (or the lack of it), most of the analyzed vitreous items have compositional traits often encountered in coeval glass artefacts discovered at various sites all over the Roman Empire. The sample set turned out to include several examples of Foy Série 2.1 and a single HIMT glass item, in agreement with the later chronological attribution of the corresponding fragments. This study provides some information about the chemistry of the Roman glass finds unearthed during the archaeological research performed in the region of the western Black Sea coast.
Quality assurance using quality indicators for prevention and early detection of cervical cancer in certified gynaecological dysplasia units and consultancies
Authors: Steinkasserer Lena , Wesselmann Simone , Quaas Jens , Beckmann Matthias W. , Dannecker Christian , Hachenberg Jens , Jentschke Matthias , Hillemanns Peter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. A successful screening concept for cervical cancer reduces the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Quality indicators (QIs) derived from the screening guidelines for cervical cancer and used by the certified dysplasia units and dysplasia consultancies are evaluated in this paper. The aim of this paper is to present the current data from the annual reports of these units and consultancies.

Methods
The results of the basic data and indicators for the audit year 2022 in the gynaecological dysplasia consultancies and units are presented. In 2022, 84 dysplasia consultancies and 42 units were audited. 40 units and 84 consultancies are included in the annual report. QI outcomes for patients treated in certified dysplasia units and dysplasia consultancies are analysed. Median, overall proportion, and standard deviation were calculated for each QI.

Results
The indicator year 2021 was analysed, which was audited in 2022 and evaluated in 2023. A total of nine QIs were analysed. Most target goals were met by the 84 certified dysplasia consultancies and by the 40 dysplasia units. The QIs evaluated are implemented to a very high degree. The targets for the three QIs were achieved by both the dysplasia consultancies and the units in at least 95% of the certified centres (QI 1: 100%, QI 2: 95%, QI 3: 100%; QI 1: 100%, QI 2: 97%, QI 3: 100%, respectively). The presentation of patients to the tumour board by the consultancies/units is working; the units are attending the tumour board more regularly than in previous years. Where the target was not met, the auditors issued deviations or reduced the duration of the certificate. The cases are discussed intensively in the sense of an individual case analysis and with the determination of measures on-site.

Conclusions
The targets for the various indicators were largely met by the dysplasia consultancies and units in the 2022 audit year. The certification of gynaecological dysplasia consultancies/units which have to cooperate with certified gynaecological cancer centres, has for the first time ensured the continuity of healthcare from prevention and early diagnosis to treatment of gynaecological cancers.
Advancing past ketamine: emerging glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of depression
Authors: Freudenberg Florian , Reif-Leonhard Christine , Reif Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChanges in glutamatergic neuroplasticity has been proposed as one of the core mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of depression. In consequence components of the glutamatergic synapse have been explored as potential targets for antidepressant treatment. The rapid antidepressant effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine and subsequent approval of its S-enantiomer (i.e. esketamine), have set the precedent for investigation into other glutamatergic rapid acting antidepressants (RAADs). In this review, we discuss the potential of the different glutamatergic targets for antidepressant treatment. We describe important clinical outcomes of several key molecules targeting components of the glutamatergic synapse and their applicability as RAADs. Specifically, here we focus on substances beyond (es)ketamine, for which meaningful data from clinical trials are available, including arketamine, esmethadone, nitrous oxide and other glutamate receptor modulators. Molecules only successful in preclinical settings and case reports/series are only marginally discussed. With this review, we aim underscore the critical role of glutamatergic modulation in advancing antidepressant therapy, thereby possibly enhancing clinical outcomes but also to reducing the burden of depression through faster therapeutic effects.
Association of periodontitis with cardiometabolic and haemostatic parameters
Authors: Groenewegen Hester , Borjas-Howard Jaime F. , Meijer Karina , Lisman Ton , Vissink Arjan , Spijkervet Fred K. L. , Nesse Willem , Tichelaar Vladimir Y. I. G. V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between periodontitis and cardiometabolic and haemostatic parameters.

Materials and methods
Between 2014 and 2019, 54 individuals needing full mouth extraction, and 50 control individuals, were recruited for a combined cross-sectional (individuals versus controls) and longitudinal (individuals before and after extraction) study. Periodontitis severity was measured using the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA). Blood was drawn to measure the haemostatic (Factor VIII, von Willebrand factor [VWF], endogenous thrombin potential, d-dimer, clot lysis time) and cardiovascular risk (C-reactive protein [CRP], lipid profile) parameters, prior to and 12 weeks post-extraction. The results were analysed group-wise.

Results
The mean VWF and CRP levels were higher and the high-density lipoprotein levels were lower in the individuals prior to extraction compared to the controls. The VWF was significantly correlated with the PISA (a 21% unit increase in VWF per 1000 mm2 increase in PISA, 95%CI: 6–36%, p = 0.01). The other analyses were comparable between the individuals and controls, and did not change in the individuals after the extraction.

Conclusion
VWF levels are associated with periodontitis severity; they do not improve after full-mouth extraction. Severe periodontitis in control individuals does not induce substantial changes in their haemostatic or inflammatory systems.

Clinical relevance
Treatment of periodontitis has been shown to improve the cardiometabolic blood profile of patients with established cardiometabolic disease. However, whether periodontitis treatment improves cardiometabolic and haemostatic profiles in people without cardiometabolic disease is uncertain.
Exploring the user’s gaze during product evaluation through the semantic differential: a comparison between virtual reality and photorealistic images
Authors: Palacios-Ibáñez Almudena , Castellet-Lathan Santiago , Contero Manuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdvanced product presentation methods can enhance the product evaluation experience both during the design process and online shopping, as static images often fail to convey essential product details. Virtual Reality (VR) technologies hold great potential in this regard, becoming increasingly accessible to all users. However, the influence of display mediums on emotional responses and product assessment needs further investigation, especially using physiological measures to obtain more objective insights. In this study, we investigate the influence of VR and photorealistic images on assessing and observing virtual prototypes of game controllers. The Semantic Differential technique was employed for product assessment, while built-in eye-tracking was used to measure participants’ viewing time on various areas of interest (AOIs). Our findings show that the medium significantly affects not only product evaluation and confidence in the response but also how the user observes it, with sensory-related features being particularly influenced. These findings hold practical implications for product design and vendors, as understanding the relationship between visualization mediums and product evaluation enhances the design process and improves consumer experiences.