bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphical Arduino IDE system with wiring layout and flowchart functions for physical computing education
Authors: Hwang Il‐Kyu , Kong Tae‐Woong , Park Jin‐Hyuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArduino, a widely used tool for physical computing, is favored for its affordability and easy availability. However, a drawback for beginners is the requirement of prior knowledge of C programming language and circuit theory for effectively utilizing Arduino. In this research, we address this issue by developing a Graphical Arduino IDE system that allows users to control Arduino without the need for prior knowledge of C language and circuit theory. Users can create node graph‐based scripts in the Wiring Tab of the Graphical Arduino IDE and develop flowchart‐based scripts in the Algorithm Tab. The scripts created in the Wiring Tab serve as guidelines for wiring, thus preventing users from making wiring mistakes. Additionally, users without knowledge of C language can control Arduino by creating flowchart‐based scripts in the Algorithm Tab. The finalized scripts are converted into Arduino code and uploaded to the Arduino board using the built‐in Code Upload feature. Finally, a paired t test was conducted between the Graphical Arduino IDE and Scratch for Arduino, confirming that the Graphical Arduino IDE required fewer user inputs.
Design and Realization of Visual and Contact‐Type Fast Charging Power Source
Authors: Huang Yuxin , Yu Fei , Yang Xijia , Wang Liying , Lü Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCharging power supplies with both fast and visualization functions have a wide range of applications in the information and new energy industries. In this paper, the visualized and contact‐type fast charging power supply based on WO3 film and Zn sheet is presented, and the prototype devices are fabricated. Different with the charging method of conventional batteries, charging is achieved by a Zn sheet contacting with a WO3 film moistened with water, resulting in a rapid discoloration of WO3. Theoretical investigation indicates that the interaction between Zn sheet and water molecules is the primary cause of the color change in the WO3 film. The WO3 film completes the colouring state within 10 s in the presence of Zn sheet and water, and the open‐circuit voltage of the device is 0.7 V, which can be used to drive various electronics by series‐parallel connection. This research introduces a novel method to induce colouring of WO3 films and proposes a fast charging mode different from traditional power sources. It provides valuable insights for the future development of fast charging in the field of electrical energy.
Identifying design criteria for implementing inherent safety in chemical process industries part 1: Design reasoning
Authors: Zakaria Zafirah , Kidam Kamarizan , Hassim Mimi H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecurrence of similar accidents is evidenced by past accidents, which show that accidents are not decreasing globally. It is recommended to implement the concept of inherent safety design (ISD) in the chemical process industry as a component of accident prevention strategies. This study aims to identify potential indicators of ISD for each inherent safety (IS) keyword, which will be referred to later as design reasoning (DR), based on 529 selected cases that suggest design changes that enhance the safety of processes, materials, or equipment. The cases were collected from accident cases, IS handbooks, chemical engineering journals, new product brochures, and chemical engineering magazines. The cases have to demonstrate that the new design is safer than the previous design. The design changes were evaluated to extract the corrective action and determine the common strategy employed. This information was then interpreted as DR. The collected DR were subsequently categorized and measured in terms of frequency according to IS keywords. From the statistical analysis, the highest percentage of DR is improve mixing (18%) which accounted from 95 out of 529 cases. The second is loose proximity (15.5%) and the third is fewer equipment (14.9%). For the IS keyword ranking, it can be summarized that: moderation (40%) >minimization (27%) >simplification (21%) >substitution (12%). Results showed that moderation inherent safety is a popular strategy used to implement IS. The findings serve as a valuable reference for designers or engineer attempting to implement ISD in their design task.
Versatile Synthesis of α‐Oxygen Organoboron Compounds via Photo‐Induced Siloxycarbene†
Authors: Lu Xiongxiong , Zhao Qingbin , Cao Dehai , Xu Pan , Chen Xuenian , Liu Zhenxing 
Published: July 2024

Comprehensive SummaryA novel method for synthesizing α‐oxygen organoboron compounds has been developed through acylsilane‐based carbene insertion reactions into C—B bonds. As coupling partners, readily available organoboron compounds (alkenyl, allyl, and allenyl B(pin)) were employed. Based on the substrates, pure insertion into C—B bonds or insertion followed by a siloxy group rearrangement process (from carbon to boron) would occur, delivering the α‐oxygen organoboron compounds with great diversities. Control experiments demonstrated that the electronic effect of the substituents mainly controlled the rearrangement process. Besides, no matter which isomer of substrate (Z or E) was used, the reaction with β‐aryl‐substituted alkenyl B(pin) affords both isomers of products (Z and E, separable through column chromatography). Trapping experiments indicated the triplet energy transfer process was involved.
Compact broadband dual‐polarized omnidirectional array with rotational subarray
Authors: Dong Qing , Chen Yue Shan , Ye Liang Hua , Wu Zehai 
Published: July 2024

SummaryA broadband ±45° dual‐polarized omnidirectional array with small size is presented. A crossed‐arranged dipole element is proposed to generate a wide unidirectional radiation beam. A crossed‐arranged parasitic strip is used to dramatically widen the impedance bandwidth of the dipole element. Based on the dipole element, a rotational two‐unit subarray, which comprises a small number of dipole elements and occupies a small space, is originally proposed to generate excellent omnidirectional radiation performance. Then a four‐unit array with a simple feed network is designed based on the rotational subarray. The array obtains a wide bandwidth of 59.4% (1.55–2.86 GHz) for reflection coefficient <−10 dB and an isolation beyond 21 dB between the two polarizations. Meanwhile, a very low gain variation of below 3 dB, as well as a stable and high realized gain of 5.1 ± 0.5 dBi are achieved over the operating band.
Potential analgesic effect of a novel cannabidiol nanocrystals powder for the treatment of neuropathic pain
Authors: Wang Yu , Fu Xinzhen , Zheng Meihua , Liu Qian , Gan Hailin , Song Zeyu , Yang Mingyan , Liu Ke , Xie Zeping , Fan Huaying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe current analgesics often prevent patients from getting effective treatment due to their adverse effects. Cannabidiol (CBD) is well tolerated, has few side effects and has been extensively investigated in analgesia. However, its oral bioavailability is extremely low. In order to solve this problem, we developed the cannabidiol nanocrystals (CBD‐NC) in the earlier stage.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the nociceptive behaviours associated with neuropathic pain (NP) induced by the spared nerve injury (SNI) model. Assessment of pain threshold was evaluated by paw withdraw threshold (PWT) and paw withdrawal latency (PWL). The improving effect on the motor dysfunction was determined by rota‐rod testing. To assess the neuroprotective effect, nerve demyelination and expression of peripheral myelin protein PMP22 were measured with myelin sheath staining and western blotting. Protein expressions in microglia of spinal cord were tested by western blot to explore the underlying mechanism.ResultsCompared with the CBD oil solution, CBD‐NC significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in rats. CBD‐NC could improve motor dysfunction induced by SNI in rats, significantly reverse the demyelination and increase the expression of the marker protein of peripheral myelin. Underlying spinal analgesic mechanism of microglia and related factors were preliminarily confirmed.ConclusionsCBD‐NC administration is an effective treatment for NP associated with SNI, and the analgesic effect of CBD‐NC was significantly better than that of CBD oil sol. By contrast, CBD‐NC has a fast‐acting and long‐term effect in the treatment of NP. Our study further supports the potential therapeutic effect of CBD‐NC on NP.SignificanceThe absolute bioavailability of the CBD‐NC intramuscular injection formulation can reach 203.31%, which can solve the problem of low oral bioavailability. This research evaluated the therapeutic effect of CBD‐NC on NP associated with the SNI model for the first time. All available date showed that whatever the analgesic or neuroprotective effect of CBD‐NC, it was significantly better than that of CBD oil sol., which was consistent with the results of the pharmacokinetic. This research supports the initiation of more trials testing the efficacy of CBD‐NC for treating NP.
Validation of a scaled dynamic test system for simulating a high‐speed train passing bridges under seismic excitation
Authors: Zeng Chen , Guo Wei , Jiang Lizhong , Yu Zhiwu , Huang Renqiang , Wang Yang , Yang Shun , Liang Guangyue , Wu Sirun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the validation of a dynamic test system to simulate a high‐speed train passing bridges under seismic excitation. The system comprises scaled models of a CRH380A high‐speed train and an 11‐span simply supported bridge on a shake table array. This innovative apparatus combines seismic loading with the moving train load to replicate train‐track‐bridge interaction (TTBI) during earthquakes. It allows investigation of various train speeds and seismic excitations, providing invaluable insights into TTBI. First, the detailed similarity design principle based on the equations of motion was discussed, and its applicability to the wheel‐rail contact relationship was verified. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the scaled model were identified, and the impact of the error between the scaled model and the theoretical model on the TTBI response was assessed. Furthermore, the comparison of the dynamic test model and the numerical simulation in acceleration responses validated the accuracy of the rigid‐flexible coupling model method for the actual TTBI system. Test cases without external excitation, with simple harmonic excitation and with seismic excitation were conducted on the dynamic test system. Results showed that the influence of track irregularity and running speed on train response aligns with the classical train‐bridge interaction theory. The successful implementation of this test system marks a significant advance in understanding TTBI mechanics and has significant implications for seismic safety enhancement of railway infrastructure.
Resting‐state brain activity as a biomarker of chronic pain impairment and a mediator of its association with pain resilience
Authors: You Beibei , Wen Hongwei , Jackson Todd 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPast cross‐sectional chronic pain studies have revealed aberrant resting‐state brain activity in regions involved in pain processing and affect regulation. However, there is a paucity of longitudinal research examining links of resting‐state activity and pain resilience with changes in chronic pain outcomes over time. In this prospective study, we assessed the status of baseline (T1) resting‐state brain activity as a biomarker of later impairment from chronic pain and a mediator of the relation between pain resilience and impairment at follow‐up. One hundred forty‐two adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain completed a T1 assessment comprising a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan based on regional homogeneity (ReHo) and self‐report measures of demographics, pain characteristics, psychological status, pain resilience, pain severity, and pain impairment. Subsequently, pain impairment was reassessed at a 6‐month follow‐up (T2). Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analyses assessed relations of T1 ReHo and pain resilience scores with changes in pain impairment. Higher T1 ReHo values in the right caudate nucleus were associated with increased pain impairment at T2, after controlling for all other statistically significant self‐report measures. ReHo also partially mediated associations of T1 pain resilience dimensions with T2 pain impairment. T1 right caudate nucleus ReHo emerged as a possible biomarker of later impairment from chronic musculoskeletal pain and a neural mechanism that may help to explain why pain resilience is related to lower levels of later chronic pain impairment. Findings provide empirical foundations for prospective extensions that assess the status of ReHo activity and self‐reported pain resilience as markers for later impairment from chronic pain and targets for interventions to reduce impairment.Practitioner Points
Resting‐state markers of impairment: Higher baseline (T1) regional homogeneity (ReHo) values, localized in the right caudate nucleus, were associated with exacerbations in impairment from chronic musculoskeletal pain at a 6‐month follow‐up, independent of T1 demographics, pain experiences, and psychological factors.
Mediating role of ReHo values: ReHo values in the right caudate nucleus also mediated the relationship between baseline pain resilience levels and later pain impairment among participants.
Therapeutic implications: Findings provide empirical foundations for research extensions that evaluate (1) the use of resting‐state activity in assessment to identify people at risk for later impairment from pain and (2) changes in resting‐state activity as biomarkers for the efficacy of treatments designed to improve resilience and reduce impairment among those in need.
Oxygenated carbon nitride‐based high‐energy‐density lithium‐metal batteries
Authors: Shen Mengnan , Wei Ying , Ge Man , Yu Shengdong , Dou Ronghui , Chen Liuhua , Wang Feng , Huang Yunhui , Xu Henghui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium (Li)‐metal batteries with polymer electrolytes are promising for high‐energy‐density and safe energy storage applications. However, current polymer electrolytes suffer either low ionic conductivity or inadequate ability to suppress Li dendrite growth at high current densities. This study addresses both issues by incorporating two‐dimensional oxygenated carbon nitride (2D OCN) into a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based composite polymer electrolyte and modifying the Li anode with OCN. The OCN nanosheets incorporated PVDF electrolyte exhibits a high ionic conductivity (1.6 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25°C) and Li+ transference number (0.62), wide electrochemical window (5.3), and excellent fire resistance. Furthermore, the OCN‐modified Li anode in situ generates a protective layer of Li3N during cycling, preventing undesirable reactions with PVDF electrolyte and effectively suppressing Li dendrite growth. Symmetric cells using the upgraded PVDF polymer electrolyte and modified Li anode demonstrate long cycling stability over 2500 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. Full cells with a high‐voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode exhibit high energy density and long‐term cycling stability, even at a high loading of 8.2 mg cm−2. Incorporating 2D OCN nanosheets into the PVDF‐based electrolyte and Li‐metal anode provides an effective strategy for achieving safe and high‐energy‐density Li‐metal batteries.
Morphophysiological indicators, phenophase and cutting time in an irrigated forage cactus–sorghum intercropping system under strategies of agricultural resilience and agriculture biosaline
Authors: Alves Cleber Pereira , da Silva Thieres George Freire , Araújo Júnior George do Nascimento , de Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , Queiroz Mário Adriano Avila , Silva Sérvulo Mercier Siqueira e , Pinheiro Antonio Gebson , Salvador Kaique Renan da Silva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate growth and development in an irrigated forage cactus–sorghum intercropping system under different strategies for improving agricultural resilience. The research was carried out from 2018 to 2020 in Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Brazil, in four experiments in a randomized block design, each with four replications. The first experiment consisted of different configurations for the cactus–sorghum intercropping system (Orelha de Elefante Mexicana [OEM]‐single crop [SNG], IPA Sertânia [IPA]‐SNG, Miúda [MIU]‐SNG, OEM–SF11, OEM–Progenitor 288 [P.288], OEM–467, IPA–SF11, IPA–P.288, IPA–467, MIU–SF11, MIU–P.288 and MIU–467); in the second and third experiments, the cactus–sorghum system was planted under different planting densities (100,000; 50,000; 33,333; 25,000 and 20,000 plants ha−1 for forage cactus and 200,000 plants ha−1 for sorghum) in east–west and north–south orientations, respectively; and the fourth experiment consisted of different planting densities for the cactus and sorghum (50,000; 40,000; 33,333; and 28,571 plants ha−1 and 200,000; 160,000; 133,333; and 114,285 plants ha−1, respectively). The maximum values of the dry matter accumulation rate were observed in the cultivation configurations that contained the OEM clone and at the highest densities. The different cultivation configurations affected the duration and number of phenophases. The cutting time increases as the planting density increases (50,000 and 100,000 plants ha−1) and when the OEM clone is used.
Injectable vancomycin‐loaded silk fibroin/methylcellulose containing calcium phosphate‐based in situ thermosensitive hydrogel for local treatment of osteomyelitis: Fabrication, characterization, and in vitro performance evaluation
Authors: Phewchan Premchirakorn , Laoruengthana Artit , Lamlertthon Supaporn , Tiyaboonchai Waree 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conventional treatment of osteomyelitis with antibiotic‐loaded nondegradable polymethylmethacrylate (ATB‐PMMA) beads has certain limitations, including impeded bone reconstruction and the need for secondary surgery. To overcome this challenge, this study aimed to develop and characterize an injectable vancomycin‐loaded silk fibroin/methylcellulose containing calcium phosphate‐based in situ thermosensitive hydrogel (VC‐SF/MC‐CAPs). The VC‐SF/MC‐CAPs solution can be easily administered at room temperature with a low injectability force of ≤30 N and a high vancomycin (VC) content of ~96%. Additionally, at physiological temperature (37 °C), the solution could transform into a rigid hydrogel within 7 minutes. In vitro drug release performed under both physiological (pH 7.4) and infection conditions (pH 4.5) revealed a prolonged release pattern of VC‐SF/MC‐CAPs following the Peppas–Sahlin kinetic model. In addition, the released VC from VC‐SF/MC‐CAPs hydrogels exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus for a period exceeding 35 days, as characterized by the disk diffusion assay. Furthermore, at pH 7.4, the VC‐SF/MC‐CAPs demonstrated >60% degradation within 35 days. Importantly, when exposed to physiological pH conditions, CAPs are transformed into bioactive hydroxyapatite, which benefits bone formation. Therefore, VC‐SF/MC‐CAPs showed significant potential as a local drug delivery system for treating osteomyelitis.
Injectable hydrogel scaffold incorporating microspheres containing cobalt‐doped bioactive glass for bone healing
Authors: Ghiasi Tabari Parmida , Sattari Amirmohammad , Mashhadi Keshtiban Mohsen , Karkuki Osguei Nushin , Hardy John G. , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInjectable in situ‐forming scaffolds that induce both angiogenesis and osteogenesis have been proven to be promising for bone healing applications. Here, we report the synthesis of an injectable hydrogel containing cobalt‐doped bioactive glass (BG)‐loaded microspheres. Silk fibroin (SF)/gelatin microspheres containing BG particles were fabricated through microfluidics. The microspheres were mixed in an injectable alginate solution, which formed an in situ hydrogel by adding CaCl2. The hydrogel was evaluated for its physicochemical properties, in vitro interactions with osteoblast‐like and endothelial cells, and bone healing potential in a rat model of calvarial defect. The microspheres were well‐dispersed in the hydrogel and formed pores of >100 μm. The hydrogel displayed shear‐thinning behavior and modulated the cobalt release so that the optimal cobalt concentration for angiogenic stimulation, cell proliferation, and deposition of mineralized matrix was only achieved by the scaffold that contained BG doped with 5% wt/wt cobalt (A‐S‐G5Co). In the scaffold containing higher cobalt content, a reduced biomimetic mineralization on the surface was observed. The gene expression study indicated an upregulation of the osteogenic genes of COL1A1, ALPL, OCN, and RUNX2 and angiogenic genes of HIF1A and VEGF at different time points in the cells cultured with the A‐S‐G5Co. Finally, the in vivo study demonstrated that A‐S‐G5Co significantly promoted both angiogenesis and osteogenesis and improved bone healing after 12 weeks of follow‐up. These results show that incorporation of SF/gelatin microspheres containing cobalt‐doped BG in an injectable in situ‐forming scaffold can effectively enhance its bone healing potential through promotion of angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
Telapheresis: One institution's experience
Authors: Irani Mehraboon , Jefcik Sorelle , Knight Susan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTelemedicine in its most common form is the use of videoconferencing to consult with a patient and telapheresis is telemedicine in the form of videotelephony applied to consult with a patient for apheresis. The article discusses how a large apheresis program in a metropolitan area provided physician coverage for apheresis in a more remote hospital using telapheresis with local physician “partners” and local nurses employed by and trained by the apheresis program that perform the procedure. Consent for the procedure was obtained, and orders were placed by the local physician after consultation with the apheresis physician, or the apheresis physician him/herself, having obtained privileges at the remote hospital. This allowed patients access to apheresis procedures nearer to their place of residence and in familiar surroundings which generally made them feel more positive about their health care experience.