bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention and Working Memory in Female Adolescents With Chronic Pain and Pain-free Female Adolescents
Authors: Mifflin Katherine , Chorney Jill , Dick Bruce 
Published: April 2015

Objectives:
Adolescents with chronic pain often report inattention and poor memory. There has been little research on cognitive function in this population. The goal of this preliminary pilot study was to examine differences in cognitive function between adolescents with chronic pain to pain-free adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
All participants completed baseline assessments of pain, school absences, depression, anxiety, and sleep habits. Standardized neurocognitive tests were used to examine cognitive function with a focus on working memory and attention.

Results:
Recruitment from the chronic pain clinic resulted in a female sample of 13 individuals (largely reflective of the clinical population). Pain-free age-matched and sex-matched individuals (n=12) were therefore also recruited as controls. Individuals with chronic pain had significantly lower working memory scores than controls. Differences were found between groups on the most difficult selective attention task and not on tests of sustained attention, divided attention, or attentional switching. In a stepwise regression with baseline characteristics entered in the first step, pain accounted for approximately 15% of the variance in working memory and medication score counted for 49% of the variance.

Discussion:
This pilot study is the first study to examine differences in working memory and attention between participants with chronic pain and pain-free adolescents. Our findings suggest that chronic pain may negatively affect adolescents’ working memory function and highlights the risk for cognitive difficulties and problems with educational progression in addition to negative health and social effects associated with chronic pain. The study provides a starting point for more research and has the potential to direct better identification and treatment of these cognitive deficits.
Adherence to Infliximab Treatment in a Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort
Authors: Vitale David S. , Greenley Rachel N. , Lerner Diana G. , Mavis Alisha M. , Werlin Steven L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe aims of the study were to describe infliximab adherence in a pediatric inflammatory bowel disease cohort, to identify demographic and disease factors associated with adherence, and to examine differences in acute care use among adherent and nonadherent patients. Charts of patients who received infliximab at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin (CHW) between October 2010 and October 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria; 91.4% of the patients were adherent. Nonadherent patients had more emergency room visits and hospitalizations than adherent patients. The study is the first to show high adherence rates to infliximab in a pediatric cohort.
Rac1 Polymorphisms and Thiopurine Efficacy in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lev‐Tzion Raffi , Renbaum Paul , Beeri Rachel , Ledder Oren , Mevorach Raphael , Karban Amir , Koifman Eduard , Efrati Edna , Muise Aleixo M. , Chowers Yehuda , Turner Dan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectives:Thiopurines are effective for maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in only about half of patients. Predictors of response may assist in selecting the most appropriate patients for thiopurine therapy. Thiopurines inhibit Rac1, a GTPase that exerts an antiapoptotic effect on T‐lymphocytes. A genetic association was recently demonstrated between a Rac1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and poorer response to thiopurines in adult patients with Crohn disease. We aimed to determine whether Rac1 SNPs are associated with response to thiopurines in children with IBD.Methods:Children with IBD treated with thiopurines were prospectively followed for 1 year and were genotyped for 3 Rac1 SNPs previously found to be relevant to IBD: rs10951982, rs4720672, and rs34932801. The rate of sustained steroid‐free remission (SSFR) without treatment escalation by 12 months was compared between wild types (WTs) and heterozygotes.Results:A total of 59 patients were studied (63% boys, 80% having Crohn disease, mean age 13 ± 4.1). Nineteen of the 41 WT (46%) and 9 of the 15 (60%) heterozygotes for rs10951982 were in SSFR (P = 0.55). Similarly, 21 of the 45 (47%) WT and 8 of the 12 (67%) heterozygotes for rs4720672 were in remission (P = 0.33). Finally, 21 of the 45 (47%) WT and 3 of the 5 (60%) heterozygotes for rs34932801 were in remission (P = 0.66). All of the 3 comparisons remained nonsignificant in a sensitivity analysis of only the patients with Crohn disease.Conclusions:We did not find an association between 3 Rac1 SNPs and thiopurine effectiveness by 12 months in a prospective study of children with IBD. Other predictors of response should be sought to optimize patient selection for thiopurine therapy.
Renault Duster: dusting away competition or facing a dust storm?
Authors: Mohapatra Subhalaxmi , Roy Subhadip 
Published: April 2015

Subject area
The major issues discussed in the case are related to first-mover advantage, segmenting, targeting and positioning and marketing strategy.

Study level/applicability
The case could be discussed in a postgraduate program for marketing and brand management and also for strategic management. It could also be used for an executive development program for marketing and business strategy.

Case overview
The present case is on the Renault Duster, a compact SUV (sports utility vehicle) launched by Renault India in 2012. Equipped with attractive design, innovative features and smart technology, the company used buzz marketing and social media marketing to promote the brand. Competitive pricing of Duster attracted both premium hatchback and sedan buyers in India as the company realized both sales and awards. However, sales started declining from the second half of 2013, and competition used both pricing strategy and exhaustive mass media advertising to compete with the Duster. The other cars from Renault India could not replicate the success of the Duster, which was contributing to around 80 per cent of the total sales of the company in India. Renault thus faced the challenge of losing their ground in the Indian market if they could not revive the sales of the Duster.

Expected learning outcomes
Product differentiation and brand positioning (the case is a good example of first-mover advantage); market segmentation and creating a new segment; branding strategy and the role of marketing communications in the same; analyze the role of a long term growth strategy and how it influences product/marketing strategy (business strategy course); understand the probable threats of business due to overdependence on one product (business strategy course); understand the impact of inter-firm rivalry on brandsuccess (business strategy course).

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes areavailable for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Effects of “owned by” versus “made in” for willingness to buy Australian brands
Authors: Cheah Isaac , Phau Ian 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of economic nationalism and consumer ethnocentrism in the form of country of origin (COO) cues specifically “Made in […]” and “Owned by […]” on the product judgement of bi-national wine brands (brands with multiple country affiliations). Further, the role of consumer product knowledge is examined as a moderator of these xenophobia attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach
– A self-administered questionnaire was designed using established scales. A convenience sample was drawn from participants attending a major wine trade exhibition in Western Australia and university students. A variety of statistical techniques were used to analyse the data.

Findings
– High levels of economic nationalism and anti-foreign sentiment was so strong that respondents did not want products that had any association with a foreign country, regardless of whether the products are directly or indirectly related to a foreign origin. This suggests that Australian consumers are not any more receptive to bi-national brands; as such domestic affiliations have not diluted the economic nationalistic sentiment. Further, results confirm that Australian consumers use COO cues as part of wine evaluations. Consumers with low product knowledge are likely to rely on extrinsic country cues to reinforce their brand evaluation, whereas consumers who are more knowledgeable are found to base evaluations on intrinsic attributes rather than extrinsic cues.

Research limitations/implications
– Only respondents from Perth, Western Australia were chosen, thus limiting the representativeness of the sample. Other cultural contexts and product categories based on a larger sample size should be investigated in the future.

Practical implications
– This research provides useful consumer insights and new market entry implications in terms of advertising and branding strategies for international wine manufacturers and distributors who wish to expand globally. In addition, there are managerial implications for domestic market where local retailers, merchandisers, importers can avoid importing products originating from offending countries and take on opportunity to exploit and promote “buy domestic campaigns”.

Originality/value
– Conceptually, this study extends the existing COO literature by introducing bi-national brands into the model; expanding on country of ownership appeals in evaluating bi-national brands; and identifying the correlation between the economic nationalism and consumer ethnocentrism constructs. Further, this research can significantly help wine marketers to develop more effective positioning strategies. It will also help in the development of pricing and promotional decisions.
Abundance of volatile organic compounds in white ash phloem and emerald ash borer larval frass does not attractTetrastichus planipennisiin a Y‐tube olfactometer
Authors: Chen Yigen , Ulyshen Michael D. , Poland Therese M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany natural enemies employ plant‐ and/or herbivore‐derived signals for host/prey location. The larval parasitoidTetrastichus planipennisiYang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is 1 of 3 biocontrol agents currently being released in an effort to control the emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coloeptera: Burprestidae) in North America. To enhance its efficiency, allelochemicals that attract it need to be assessed. In this study, ash phloem volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of black, green, and white ash, and EAB larval frass were compared. Foraging behavior ofT. planipennisifemales in response to VOCs of white ash or frass from EAB larvae feeding on white ash phloem was tested using a Y‐tube olfactometer. Results indicated that the 3 ash species had similar VOC profiles. EAB larval frass generally contained greater levels of VOCs than phloem. Factor analysis indicated that the 11 VOCs could be broadly divided into 2 groups, withα‐bisabolol,β‐caryophyllene, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexenal, limonene, methyl benzoate, methyl indole‐3‐acetic acid, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate as the first group and the rest (i.e., methyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) as a second. Abundance of VOCs in white ash phloem tissue and frass, nevertheless, did not attractT. planipennisifemales. The concealed feeding of EAB larvae might explain the selection for detectable and reliable virbrational signals, instead of undetectable and relatively unreliable VOC cues from phloem and frass, in short‐range foraging byT. planipennisi. Alternatively, it is possible thatT. planipennisiis not amenable to the Y‐tube olfactometer assay employed.
Comparative transcriptome resources of two Dysosma species (Berberidaceae) and molecular evolution of the CYP719A gene in Podophylloideae
Authors: Mao Yunrui , Zhang Yonghua , Xu Chuan , Qiu Yingxiong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDysosma species (Berberidaceae, Podophylloideae) are of great medicinal pharmacogenetic importance and used as model systems to study the drivers and mechanisms of species diversification of temperate plants in East Asia. Recently, we have sequenced the transcriptome of the low‐elevation D. versipellis. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of the high‐elevation D. aurantiocaulis and used comparative genomic approaches to investigate the transcriptome evolution of the two species. We retrieved 53 929 unigenes from D. aurantiocaulis by de novo transcriptome assemblies using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Comparing the transcriptomes of both species, we identified 4593 orthologs. Estimation of Ka/Ks ratios for 3126 orthologs revealed that none had a Ka/Ks significantly greater than 1, whereas 1273 (Ka/Ks < 0.5, P < 0.05) were inferred to be under purifying selection. A total of 51 primer pairs were successfully designed from 461 EST‐SSRs contained in 4593 orthologs. Marker validation assay revealed that 26 (51%) and 41 (80.4%) produced clear fragments with the expected sizes in all Podophylloideae species. Specifically, 19 different sequences of CYP719A were identified from PCR‐amplified genomic DNA of all 12 species of Podophylloideae using primers designed from the assembled transcripts. The data further indicated that CYP719A was likely subject to strong selective constraints maintaining only one copy per genome. In Dysosma, there was relaxed purifying selection or more positive selection for high‐elevation species. Overall, this study has generated a wealth of molecular resources potentially useful for pharmacogenetic and evolutionary studies in Dysosma and allied taxa.
Distribution, demography and dispersal model of spatial spread of invasive plant populations with limited data
Authors: Adams Vanessa M. , Petty Aaron M. , Douglas Michael M. , Buckley Yvonne M. , Ferdinands Keith B. , Okazaki Tomoko , Ko Dongwook W. , Setterfield Samantha A. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Invasive weeds are a major cause of biodiversity loss and economic damage world‐wide. There is often a limited understanding of the biology of emerging invasive species, but delay in action may result in escalating costs of control, reduced economic returns from management actions and decreased feasibility of management. Therefore, spread models that inform and facilitate on‐ground control of invasions are needed.

We developed a spatially explicit, individual‐based spread model that can be applied to both data‐poor and data‐rich situations to model future spread and inform effective management of the invasion. The model is developed using a minimum of two mapped distributions for the target species at different times, together with habitat suitability variables and basic population data. We present a novel method for internally calibrating the reproduction and dispersal distance parameters. We use a sensitivity analysis to identify variables that should be prioritized in future research to increase robustness of model predictions.

We apply the model to two case studies, gamba grass and para grass, to provide management advice on emerging weed priorities in northern Australia. For both species, we find that the current extent of invasion in our study regions is expected to double in the next 10 years in the absence of management actions. The predicted future distribution identifies priority areas for eradication, control and containment to reduce the predicted increase in infestation.

The model was built for managers and policymakers in northern Australia working on species where expert knowledge and environmental data are often lacking, but is flexible and can be easily adapted for other situations, for example where good data are available. The model provides predicted probability of occurrence over a user‐specified, typically short‐term, time horizon. This output can be used to direct surveillance and management actions to areas that have the highest likelihood of rapid invasion and spread. Directing efforts to these areas provides the greatest likelihood of management success and maximizes the return on investment in management response.
Defective trained immunity in patients with STAT-1-dependent chronic mucocutaneaous candidiasis
Authors: Ifrim D C , Quintin J , Meerstein-Kessel L , Plantinga T S , Joosten L A B , van der Meer J W M , van de Veerdonk F L , Netea M G 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPatients with signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1)-dependent chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) and patients with STAT3-dependent hyper-immunoglobulin (Ig)E syndrome (HIES) display defects in T helper type 17 (Th17) cytokine production capacity. Despite this similar immune defect in Th17 function, they show important differences in the type of infections to which they are susceptible. Recently, our group reported differential regulation of STAT-1 and STAT-3 transcription factors during epigenetic reprogramming of trained immunity, an important host defence mechanism based on innate immune memory. We therefore hypothesized that STAT1 and STAT3 defects have different effects on trained immunity, and this may partly explain the differences between CMC and HIES regarding the susceptibility to infections. Indeed, while trained immunity was normally induced in cells isolated from patients with HIES, the induction of innate training was defective in CMC patients. This defect was specific for training with Candida albicans, the main pathogen encountered in CMC, and it involved a type II interferon-dependent mechanism. These findings describe the role of STAT-1 for the induction of trained immunity, and may contribute to the understanding of the differences in susceptibility to infection between CMC and HIES patients. This study could also provide directions for personalized immunotherapy in patients suffering from these immunodeficiencies.
Effects of a metabolic syndrome self‐management programme for women with pre‐diabetes
Authors: Youngwanichsetha Sununta , Phumdoung Sasitorn , Cersosimo Eugenio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic syndrome is known to be a risk factor for developing type‐2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and several health complications.ObjectiveTo examine the effects of a metabolic syndrome self‐management programme for women with pre‐diabetes.MethodsThe study was an RCT. Data were analysed for 170 participants, who had been randomly assigned to either an intervention (n = 85) or a control (n = 85) group. The participants in the intervention group practised a self‐management programme composed of eating traditional southern Thai foods and 30‐min brisk walking each day for 24 weeks; the control group received usual care. Main outcomes were evaluated at 12 and 24 weeks.ResultsAt 12 weeks, there was a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides in the intervention group (P < 0.05). At 24 weeks, there were statistically significant reductions in body‐weight, body‐mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides among participants in the intervention group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in HDL‐cholesterol levels was found.ConclusionsTraditional southern Thai foods and brisk walking appear to benefit glycaemic control and lipid profiles among women with pre‐diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
CARD‐ and pyrin‐only proteins regulating inflammasome activation and immunity
Authors: Matusiak Magdalena , Van Opdenbosch Nina , Lamkanfi Mohamed 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMembrane‐bound and intracellular immune receptors respond to microbial pathogens by initiating signaling cascades that result in production of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial factors. These host responses need to be tightly regulated to prevent tissue damage and other harmful consequences of excessive inflammation. CARD‐only proteins (COPs) and Pyrin‐only proteins (POPs) are human‐ and primate‐specific dominant negative inhibitors that modulate inflammatory and innate immune responses. In addition, several poxviruses encode POPs that interfere with inflammatory and host defense responses. COPs and POPs modulate inflammatory signaling at several checkpoints by sequestering key components of the inflammasome and NF‐κB signaling cascades, thus hampering downstream signal transduction. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of the evolutionary history and molecular mechanisms by which roles of host‐ and virus‐encoded COPs and POPs may regulate inflammatory and immune responses. In addition, we address their (patho)physiological roles and highlight topics for further research.
Managing uncertainty in diagnostic practice
Authors: Kennedy Ashley Graham 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn spite of the large medical literature devoted to a discussion of the topic, uncertainty, particularly in diagnostic practice, is sometimes mishandled by clinicians. This, I will argue, can in turn lead to medical and ethical problems in patient care. Via the analysis of two recent case studies, I will propose an explanation for why this kind of uncertainty is sometimes not appropriately dealt with during the process of differential diagnosis in the clinic. Furthermore, I will also give recommendations for improving diagnostic practice by highlighting some representative elements of diagnostic uncertainty and reminding clinicians to be aware of the tendency to overlook this uncertainty in routine clinical cases.
Neuroprotective effects of Argon are mediated via an ERK‐1/2 dependent regulation of heme‐oxygenase‐1 in retinal ganglion cells
Authors: Ulbrich Felix , Kaufmann Kai B. , Coburn Mark , Lagrèze Wolf Alexander , Roesslein Martin , Biermann Julia , Buerkle Hartmut , Loop Torsten , Goebel Ulrich 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRetinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries (R‐IRI) damage neuronal tissue permanently. Recently, we demonstrated that Argon exerts anti‐apoptotic and protective properties. The molecular mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that Argon inhalation exert neuroprotective effects in rats retinal ganglion cells (RGC) via an ERK‐1/2 dependent regulation of heat‐shock proteins. Inhalation of Argon (75 Vol%) was performed after R‐IRI on the rats′ left eyes for 1 h immediately or with delay. Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 h to analyze mRNA and protein expression of heat‐shock proteins −70, −90 and heme‐oxygenase‐1, mitogen‐activated protein kinases (p38, JNK, ERK‐1/2) and histological changes. To analyze ERK dependent effects, the ERK inhibitor PD98059 was applicated prior to Argon inhalation. RGC count was analyzed 7 days after injury. Statistics were performed using anova. Argon significantly reduced the R‐IRI‐affected heat‐shock protein expression (p < 0.05). While Argon significantly induced ERK‐1/2 expression (p < 0.001), inhibition of ERK‐1/2 before Argon inhalation resulted in significantly lower vital RGCs (p < 0.01) and increase in heme‐oxygenase‐1 (p < 0.05). R‐IRI‐induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon inhalation (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry suggested ERK‐1/2 activation in Müller cells. We conclude, that Argon treatment protects R‐IRI‐induced apoptotic loss of RGC via an ERK‐1/2 dependent regulation of heme‐oxygenase‐1.
image
We proposed the following possible mechanism for Argon‐mediated neuroprotection: Argon exerts its protective effects via an induction of an ERK with subsequent suppression of the heat shock response. In conclusion, ischemia and reperfusion injuries and subsequent neuronal apoptosis are attenuated. These novel findings may open up new opportunities for Argon as a therapeutic option, especially since Argon is not toxic.