bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indigenous Knowledge Collection in NICRA-AICRPAM Domain Districts for Weather Events
Authors: Chaudhary J.L. , Chandrakar Bhumika , Lakpale Rajendra 
Published: July 2024

Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) is the experience of local people gained from past generation and forefathers. Knowledge base is gained through tradition and culture. Prevailing knowledge is used in making farming operational management for gain in crop production. Crop and irrigation cycles are also being followed through traditional knowledge base and advanced techniques are available now. However, importance of the treasure of knowledge gained from forefathers and inherited to local people in present situation can't be ignored. Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) is the assemblage of awareness and understanding of various facts which people have developed over a large span of time and continue to expand it. Social participation gives an idea of the respondent's participation in social activities. The NICRA-AICRPAM project has been carried out since 2011 in Chhattisgarh state. Main objective of the project is developing climate resilient technologies in agriculture. This ITK collection can be one effective mean to achieve this objective. The study was conducted to identify indigenous knowledge prevailing among the village side in NICRA domain districts Mahasamund and Kanker (Chhattisgarh state). The study was to examine traditional knowhow of farmers in Kanker and Mahasamund districts of Chhattisgarh during 2021 and their scope of application in farming activities. The objective of survey was to collect and document traditional knowledge base from the local farmers so as to work towards climate resilience in agriculture. As rainfall is the main factor in rainfed agriculture, stress was on collection of knowledge regarding rainfall prediction. The study was conducted under CRIDA, Hyderabad sponsored NICRA-AICRPAM project entitled “National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture”. Project has been implemented in Department of Agrometeorology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, (C.G.) since 2011. Here in this paper the astronomical, environmental and biological indicators perceived by local masses in forecasting rainfall have been collected, identified and examined. This knowledge will help its utilization in agricultural operations and practices. Interviews were conducted by Field Information Facilitators by contacting masses and peasants. Various indigenous technical knowledge of the project domain area were collected and analyzed. Experience of seasonal rainfall forecasting can be strengthened by using this knowledge base. ITK techniques of rainfall prediction may serve as supplemental knowledge base to advanced scientific technologies.
Health Disparities
Authors: Wolfe Joseph D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA health disparity is an unnecessary and unjust difference in health across two or more socially meaningful groups. In its brief history, health disparities research has considered the relationship between many different indicators of social inequality, including socioeconomic status (SES), social class, race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation, and a persuasive number of these studies report evidence of health disparities. Health disparities research has grown dramatically since the 1990s, and current research continues to clarify how and why social inequalities create differences in health. By examining the role of social inequalities in determining a population's health, health disparities research provides essential information to organizations attempting to reduce and ultimately eliminate disparities.
Socio‐demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with the high prevalence of overweight and obesity in portuguese children
Authors: Bingham Daniel D. , Varela‐Silva Maria I. , Ferrão Maria M. , Augusta Gama , Mourão Maria I. , Nogueira Helena , Marques Vitor R. , Padez Cristina 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesChildhood obesity is a public health concern in Portugal. Socio‐demographic and behavioral factors are highly associated with obesity but are not clearly understood. This article aims to update the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children and to explore the influence and risks of socio‐demographic factors and behavioral factors.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of Portuguese children aged 3–10 years from all 18 mainland districts took place between March 2009 and January 2010. The sample was composed by 17,136 children, 3–10 years of age (8,455 boys; 8,681 girls). Height, weight, and other anthropometric measurements were obtained by trained technicians. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated along with other anthropometric variables. Data analyses took place between April and September 2012. The overweight/obesity classification was established by age‐and sex‐specific BMI cut‐off points as defined by the International obesity task force (IOTF). Parents completed questionnaires about socio‐demographic and behavioral characteristics of the family.ResultsAlmost 28% of the Portuguese children were overweight or obese (19.7% overweight; 8.2% obese). Prevalence was greater in girls than in boys. Logistic regression models found that the odds of childhood obesity were significantly affected by biological, socio‐demographic, and behavioral factors.ConclusionsThe protective factors against childhood overweight/obesity in this sample of Portuguese children are: (i) being male; (ii) having been breastfeed; (iii) having been born from mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy; (iv) engaging in little sedentary behaviors (TV, PC, and playing electronic games); (iv) performing at least 1 h of moderate physical activity every day; and (v) having parents with higher educational levels who also have their BMI within the healthy ranges. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:733–742, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation between safety climate and contractor safety assessment programs in construction
Authors: Sparer Emily H. , Murphy Lauren A. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Dennerlein Jack T. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundContractor safety assessment programs (CSAPs) measure safety performance by integrating multiple data sources together; however, the relationship between these measures of safety performance and safety climate within the construction industry is unknown.MethodsFour hundred and one construction workers employed by 68 companies on 26 sites and 11 safety managers employed by 11 companies completed brief surveys containing a nine‐item safety climate scale developed for the construction industry. CSAP scores from ConstructSecure, Inc., an online CSAP database, classified these 68 companies as high or low scorers, with the median score of the sample population as the threshold. Spearman rank correlations evaluated the association between the CSAP score and the safety climate score at the individual level, as well as with various grouping methodologies. In addition, Spearman correlations evaluated the comparison between manager‐assessed safety climate and worker‐assessed safety climate.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between safety climate scores reported by workers in the high and low CSAP groups. There were, at best, weak correlations between workers' safety climate scores and the company CSAP scores, with marginal statistical significance with two groupings of the data. There were also no significant differences between the manager‐assessed safety climate and the worker‐assessed safety climate scores.ConclusionsA CSAP safety performance score does not appear to capture safety climate, as measured in this study. The nature of safety climate in construction is complex, which may be reflective of the challenges in measuring safety climate within this industry. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1463–1472, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating marine diets through radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis of victims of the AD79 eruption of vesuvius
Authors: Craig Oliver E. , Bondioli Luca , Fattore Luciano , Higham Tom , Hedges Robert 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values of bone collagen are frequently used in paleodietary studies to assess the marine contribution to an individual's diet. Surprisingly, the relationship between stable isotope these values characteristics and the percentage of marine foods in diet has never been effectively demonstrated. To clarify this relationship, the stable isotope values and radiocarbon dates of nine humans and one sheep from Herculaneum, all who perished simultaneously during the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius, were determined. Significant differences were found in the radiocarbon dates which are attributable to the incorporation of “old” carbon from the marine reservoir. The magnitude of the observed differences was linearly correlated with both δ13C and δ15N values allowing the response of each isotope to increasing marine carbon in collagen to be independently verified. Regression analyses showed that for every 1‰ enrichment in δ13C and δ15N, 56 years and 34 years were added to the radiocarbon age, respectively. Predictions of the maximum marine reservoir age differed considerably depending on which stable isotope was considered. This discrepancy is attributed to some degree of macronutrient scrambling whereby nitrogen from marine protein is preferentially incorporated in collagen over marine carbon. It is suggested that the macronutrient scrambling explains the observed relationship between δ13C and δ15N from Roman coastal sites and should be considered when interpreting any diet which is not dominated by protein. Nevertheless, without knowing the degree of macronutrient scrambling in different dietary scenarios, the accuracy of dietary reconstructions is severely compromised. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:345–352, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ontogeny of the hominoid scapula: The influence of locomotion on morphology
Authors: Green David J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPrimate shoulder morphology has been linked with locomotor habits, oftentimes irrespective of phylogenetic heritage. Among hominoids, juvenile African apes are known to climb more frequently than adults, while orangutans and gibbons maintain an arboreal lifestyle throughout ontogeny. This study examined if these ontogenetic locomotor differences carry a morphological signal, which should be evident in the scapulae of chimpanzees and gorillas but absent in taxa that do not display ontogenetic behavioral shifts. The scapular morphology of five hominoid primates and one catarrhine outgroup was examined throughout ontogeny to evaluate if scapular traits linked with arboreal activities are modified in response to ontogenetic behavioral shifts away from climbing. Specifically, the following questions were addressed: 1) which scapular characteristics distinguish taxa with different locomotor habits; and 2) do these traits show associated changes during development in taxa known to modify their behavioral patterns? Several traits characterized suspensory taxa from nonsuspensory forms, such as cranially oriented glenohumeral joints, obliquely oriented scapular spines, relatively narrow infraspinous fossae, and inferolaterally expanded subscapularis fossae. The relative shape of the dorsal scapular fossae changed in Pan, Gorilla, and also Macaca in line with predictions based on reported ontogenetic changes in locomotor behavior. These morphological changes were mostly distinct from those seen in Pongo, Hylobates, and Homo and imply a unique developmental pattern, possibly related to ontogenetic locomotor shifts. Accordingly, features that sorted taxa by locomotor habits and changed in concert with ontogenetic behavioral patterns should be particularly useful for reconstructing the locomotor habits of fossil forms. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:239–260, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brief communication: A morphometric analysis of the neandertal upper second molar leuca I
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Bailey Shara E. , Mallegni Francesco 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe scarcity of Neandertal remains from Southern Europe hampers our understanding of Neandertal variability, and can bias interpretations about Neandertal geographic variation. To address this issue, it is often important to reassess human remains that, while discovered decades ago, remain relatively unknown to the scientific community. In this contribution, we provide a complete state‐of‐the‐art comparative morphometric analysis of Leuca I, an unworn left second upper molar (LM2) discovered in 1958 in Bambino's Cave (near Santa Maria di Leuca, Apulia, Italy) and attributed to Homo neanderthalensis. Our study includes comparisons of standard metric and nonmetric data, a 2D image analysis of the occlusal surface and measurements of both 2D and 3D enamel thickness and dental tissue proportions. Although Leuca I follows the Neandertal M2s trend in some morphometric aspects (i.e., small relative occlusal polygon area), in other cases it falls to the higher end (for 3D average enamel thickness) or even outside (for 3D‐relative enamel thickness) the Neandertal M2 variability, thus increasing the known Neandertal range of variation. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:300–305, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cranial airways and the integration between the inner and outer facial skeleton in humans
Authors: Bastir Markus , Rosas Antonio 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe cranial airways are in the center of the human face. Therefore variation in the size and shape of these central craniofacial structures could have important consequences for the surrounding midfacial morphology during development and evolution. Yet such interactions are unclear because one school of thought, based on experimental and developmental evidence, suggests a relative independence (modularity) of these two facial compartments, whereas another one assumes tight morphological integration. This study uses geometric morphometrics of modern humans (N = 263) and 40 three‐dimensional‐landmarks of the skeletal nasopharynx and nasal cavity and outer midfacial skeleton to analyze these questions in terms of modularity. The sizes of all facial compartments were all strongly correlated. Shape integration was high between the cranial airways and the outer midfacial skeleton and between the latter and the anterior airway openings (skeletal regions close to and including piriform aperture). However, no shape integration was detected between outer midface and posterior airway openings (nasopharynx and choanae). Similarly, no integration was detected between posterior and anterior airway openings. This may reflect functional modularization of nasal cavity compartments related to respiratory physiology and differential developmental interactions with the face. Airway size likely relates to the energetics of the organism, whereas airways shape might be more indicative of respiratory physiology and climate. Although this hypothesis should be addressed in future steps, here we suggest that selection on morphofunctional characteristics of the cranial airways could have cascading effects for the variation, development, and evolution of the human face. Am J Phys Anthropol 152:287–293, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interface self‐reinforcing ability and antibacterial effect of natural chitosan modified polyvinyl chloride‐based wood flour composites
Authors: Xu Kaimeng , Li Kaifu , Zhong Tuhua , Xie Chengping 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTNatural chitosan (CS) at four different additions (10, 20, 30, and 40 phr) and particle size ranges (100–140, 140–180, 180–220, and over 260 mesh) are selected to improve the interface adhesion as well as endow a novel antibacterial function to wood flour/polyvinyl chloride (WF/PVC) composites. In the present study, we investigate the interface self‐reinforcing ability of CS to composites by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), mechanical testing instrument, and water absorption behavior test (WB). The antibacterial activity is also estimated by the method of membrane covering test (MCT) using Escherichia coli. The results recorded show that adding 30 phr CS with the particle size of over 260 mesh is considered to be perfect selection to prepare the excellent interfacial self‐reinforcing and antibacterial WF/PVC/CS composites. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39854.
Most Patients With Cancer‐Associated Dermatomyositis Have Antibodies to Nuclear Matrix Protein NXP‐2 or Transcription Intermediary Factor 1γ
Authors: Fiorentino David F. , Chung Lorinda S. , Christopher‐Stine Lisa , Zaba Lisa , Li Shufeng , Mammen Andrew L. , Rosen Antony , Casciola‐Rosen Livia 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveSince dermatomyositis (DM) is associated with an increased risk of malignancy, accurate identification of patients likely to harbor cancers is important. Using immunoprecipitations from radiolabeled cell lysates, several groups recently showed that anti–transcription intermediary factor 1γ (anti–TIF‐1γ) antibodies are associated with malignancy in DM. We undertook this study to develop sensitive, specific assays to detect antibodies against TIF‐1γ and nuclear matrix protein NXP‐2 and to evaluate their association with malignancy in DM.MethodsTo detect anti–TIF‐1γ antibodies, immunoprecipitations were performed using lysates made from HeLa cells overexpressing TIF‐1γ, with detection by immunoblotting. Anti–NXP‐2 antibodies were assayed by immunoprecipitation using 35S‐methionine–labeled NXP‐2 generated by in vitro transcription/translation. We analyzed patient sera from DM cohorts seen at the Stanford University Dermatology Clinic (n = 111) and the Johns Hopkins Myositis Center (n = 102).ResultsA total of 17% and 38% of patients had antibodies against NXP‐2 and TIF‐1γ, respectively. Reactivity against either NXP‐2 or TIF‐1γ identified 83% of patients with cancer‐associated DM. In addition to older age and male sex, cancer was associated with antibodies to NXP‐2 or TIF‐1γ on multivariate analysis (odds ratio 3.78 [95% confidence interval 1.33–10.8]). Stratification by sex revealed that anti–NXP‐2 was specifically associated with cancer in males (odds ratio 5.78 [95% confidence interval 1.35–24.7]).ConclusionThese studies demonstrate that anti–NXP‐2 and anti–TIF‐1γ antibodies are frequent DM specificities (found in 55% of patients) and are present in most patients with cancer‐associated DM.
Mechanistic Insight into the CO2 Capture by Amidophosphoranes: Interplay of the Ring Strain and the trans Influence Determines the Reactivity of the Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Zhu Jun , An Ke 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCO2 capture has attracted increasing attention owing to its contribution to global warming and climate change as a greenhouse gas. As an alternative strategy to transition‐metal‐based chemistry and catalysis, frustrated Lewis pairs have been developed to sequester CO2 efficiently under mild conditions. However, the mechanism of CO2 sequestration with amidophosphoranes remains unclear. Herein, we present a thorough density functional theory study on a series of amidophosphoranes. Our results reveal that the interplay of the ring strain and the trans influence determines the reactivities, thus opening a new avenue to the design of frustrated Lewis pairs for CO2 capture.
Freud's “Core of our Being” Between Cytology and Psychoanalysis
Authors: Bock von Wülfingen Bettina 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFreuds „Kern unseres Wesens”︁ zwischen Zytologie und Psychoanalyse. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit einem Aspekt in Sigmund Freuds Werk, der zentral ist für seine psychoanalytische Theorie: die biologischen Anleihen im “Kern unseres Wesens”. Dies ist der Begriff, den Freud in seiner ersten und letzten Beschreibung des Unbewussten wählte. Dieser Begriff ist nicht nur von maßgeblicher Bedeutung für Freuds Werk, sondern auch für die miteinander verwobene Geschichte der Biologie, der Hirnforschung und der Psychoanalyse. Trotz der wachsenden Anzahl von Studien zu Freuds biologischem Hintergrund blieben die zellbiologischen Aspekte des “Kerns unseres Wesens” bisher allerdings unberührt. Bevor Freud seine therapeutische Praxis eröffnete, arbeitete er über ein Jahrzehnt als medizinischer Biologe. Im Labor zunächst von Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke, im Einflussbereich von Hermann von Helmholtz, sowie im Labor des Neurologen Theodor Meynert verbrachte er den überwiegenden Teil seiner Zeit mit der Visualisierung von (primär neuronalen) Zellen. Unter den über 100 Artikeln, die er während dieser Jahre produzierte, findet sich eine Publikation, die erstmals Bilder zu einem Phänomen präsentiert, das später als ‘nuclear motility’ in die Lehrbücher eingeht. Um darin zu beschreiben, was er im Zellkern sah, verwendete Freud den in der Mikroskopie gängigen Begriff der ‘Verdichtungen’ und führte einen weiteren, den der ‘Verschiebungen’, ein. Dies sind essentielle Termini, die Freud später nutzte, um die Traumarbeit des Unbewussten zu erläutern. Gemeinsam gelesen mit der Tatsache, dass Freud selbst sich als von Darwin inspiriert darstellte, motiviert dies dazu, die Beziehung zwischen seiner visuellen Erfahrung mit dem Zellkern und seinem Konzept des „Kerns unseres Wesens”︁ zu untersuchen. Seine Zeichnungen und die in Wort gefassten Bilder (Metaphern) bezogen auf den Kern sind so sehr miteinander verwickelt, dass viele seiner metaphorischen Ausdrücke sich ontologisch verstehen lassen. Freud wandte sich stets gegen die Unterstellung, seine Modelle seien materiell‐biologisch deutbar. Es ist daher nicht anzunehmen, Freud hätte von seinen biologischen Vorverständnissen und Vor‐Ansichten Gebrauch gemacht, ohne sich dessen gewahr zu sein. Stattdessen spricht sein Engagement in der zeitgenössischen Auseinandersetzung zwischen plasmatischen und nucleo‐zentrischen Theorien des Gedächtnisses für eine absichtsvolle Verwendung dieser machtvollen Rhetorik.
Der Ökonom als “engineer in the design sense” – Modellierungspraxis und professionelles Selbstverständnis in Robert Solows “Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”
Authors: Halsmayer Verena 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Economist as “Engineer in the Design Sense” – Modeling Practices and Professional Identity in Robert Solow's “Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”. Robert Solow's retrospective description of his way of modeling as “engineering in the design sense” will be used to investigate the modeling practices that led to his 1956 “simple growth model” and involved the image of the economist as a craftsman and a technical expert. Constructing and manipulating a simple, transparent and tractable model served as a field of expertise and legitimized the scientific authority of the modeler‐economist.