bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RECONSIDERING “WRONGFUL LIFE” IN ENGLAND AFTER THIRTY YEARS: LEGISLATIVE MISTAKES AND UNJUSTIFIABLE ANOMALIES
Authors: Scott Rosamund 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUnder English law a child born disabled, for instance by Tay Sachs disease, as a result of negligent embryo selection by preimplantation genetic diagnosis (‘PGD’), can sue the relevant health professionals by means of a 1990 amendment to the Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) (‘CD’) Act 1976. By contrast, a second child conceived outside thein vitrofertilisation (‘IVF’) clinic, whose Tay Sachs is not detectedin uteroby means of prenatal diagnosis, can have no claim against the relevant health professionals due to the decision inMcKay and Another v Essex Area Health Authority, which held that a child can have no claim for so-called “wrongful life”. This paper argues that this difference is anomalous and inequitable. It highlights the inadvertent way in which the legislative exception was crafted and shows that there are no relevant differences between the selection practices of PGD and PND that would in any event justify such different treatment. It critiques the English common law position on wrongful life by analysing the ethical and legal foundations of such a claim, arguing that the action should be permitted on the basis of a certain degree of severity, namely where a future child is likely to think that his or her life is not worth living. The analysis makes particular reference to developments since McKay in the law relating to the selective non-treatment of neonates, selective abortion, wrongful birth, and the action for wrongful life itself, as well as to the legal position of pregnant women in relation to the fetus, and the critique by people with disabilities of the practices of PGD and PND. The paper argues thatMcKayand those parts of the CD Act that purport to deny a claim for wrongful life to children born outside the IVF context should be revisited when the opportunity arises. The duty that health professionals already owe prospective parents to advise of a condition in a developing fetus that would give rise to serious impairments in the future child (which sounds in an action for so-called “wrongful birth”) should be owed at the same time to the future child, realised by advice to the pregnant woman, where a child is likely to be born with a condition that is so severe that any goods in life are outweighed by the burdens.
The Role of Social Participation and Walking in Depression among Older Adults: Results from the VoisiNuAge Study
Authors: Julien Dominic , Gauvin Lise , Richard Lucie , Kestens Yan , Payette Hélène 
Published: March 2013

RÉSUMÉDes niveaux moins élevés de participation sociale et d’épisodes de marche représentent deux facteurs pouvant contribuer à la dépression chez les personnes âgées, mais les recherches antérieures ne sont pas concluantes à ce sujet. L’objectif de cette étude transversale est de quantifier les associations entre la dépression et l’effet combiné de la participation sociale et de la marche dans un échantillon de personnes âgées vivant au Canada (n = 549). Des analyses de régressions linéaires et logistiques ont été effectuées pour examiner si la participation sociale et la marche prédisent la dépression indépendamment des caractéristiques individuelles. Dans les modèles finaux, les résultats suggèrent que les individus qui ne prennent pas de marches présentent davantage de symptômes dépressifs ou une possible dépression (l’association entre la participation sociale et la dépression devient non significative dans les modèles ajustés). La présente étude souligne le rôle central des habitudes de vie telle la marche pour la santé mentale des aînés.
Description of a robust interception trap for collecting airborne arthropods in climatically challenging regions
Authors: Farrow Roger , Greenslade Penelope 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn interception trap to collect airborne arthropods under extreme weather conditions is described. The trap, constructed from durable materials, is operated by wind pressure. It consists of a funnel of fine brass gauze mounted inside a cylinder of stainless steel that rotates into the wind on a mast at 1.5 m from the ground. The gauze funnel terminates in a removable, propanol-filled, collecting bottle into which airborne material accumulates. The counterbalanced cylinder rotates around a central shaft on roller bearings and faces into the wind. Two traps were successfully operated continuously for four and five years, respectively, on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island and have collected large numbers of airborne arthropods and other biological material over this period.
Nutrient intake of European adolescents: results of the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study
Authors: Diethelm Katharina , Huybrechts Inge , Moreno Luis , De Henauw Stefaan , Manios Yannis , Beghin Laurent , González-Gross Marcela , Le Donne Cinzia , Cuenca-García Magdalena , Castillo Manuel J , Widhalm Kurt , Patterson Emma , Kersting Mathilde 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveAn adequate nutritional intake in childhood and adolescence is crucial for growth and the prevention of youth and adult obesity and nutrition-related morbidities. Improving nutrient intake in children and adolescents is of public health importance. The purpose of the present study was to describe and evaluate the nutrient intake in a European sample using the D-A-CH nutrient intake recommendations and the Nutritional Quality Index (NQI).DesignThe HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study is a cross-sectional study, the main objective of which is to obtain comparable data on a variety of nutritional and health-related parameters in adolescents aged 12·5–17·5 years.SettingEight cities in Europe.SubjectsThe initial sample consisted of 3528 European adolescents. Among these, 1590 adolescents (54 % female) had sufficient and plausible dietary data on energy and nutrient intakes from two 24 h recalls using the HELENA-DIAT software.ResultsThe intakes of most macronutrients, vitamins and minerals were in line with the D-A-CH recommendations. While the intakes of SFA and salt were too high, the intake of PUFA was too low. Furthermore, the intakes of vitamin D, folate, iodine and F were less than about 55 % of the recommendations. The median NQI was about 71 (of a maximum of 100).ConclusionsThe intakes of most nutrients were adequate. However, further studies using suitable criteria to assess nutrient status are needed. Public health initiatives should educate children and adolescents regarding balanced food choices.
HOLOMORPHIC FUNCTIONS WITH IMAGE OF GIVEN LOGARITHMIC OR ELLIPTIC CAPACITY
Authors: BETSAKOS DIMITRIOS 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor holomorphic functions $f$ in the unit disk $ \mathbb{D} $ with $f(0)= 0$, we prove a modulus growth bound involving the logarithmic capacity (transfinite diameter) of the image. We show that the pertinent extremal functions map the unit disk conformally onto the interior of an ellipse. We prove a modulus growth bound for elliptically schlicht functions in terms of the elliptic capacity ${\mathrm{d} }_{\mathrm{e} } f( \mathbb{D} )$ of the image. We also show that the function ${\mathrm{d} }_{\mathrm{e} } f(r \mathbb{D} )/ r$ is increasing for $0\lt r\lt 1$.
A 10 mK scanning tunneling microscope operating in ultra high vacuum and high magnetic fields
Authors: Assig Maximilian , Etzkorn Markus , Enders Axel , Stiepany Wolfgang , Ast Christian R. , Kern Klaus 
Published: March 2013

We present design and performance of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that operates at temperatures down to 10 mK providing ultimate energy resolution on the atomic scale. The STM is attached to a dilution refrigerator with direct access to an ultra high vacuum chamber allowing in situ sample preparation. High magnetic fields of up to 14 T perpendicular and up to 0.5 T parallel to the sample surface can be applied. Temperature sensors mounted directly at the tip and sample position verified the base temperature within a small error margin. Using a superconducting Al tip and a metallic Cu(111) sample, we determined an effective temperature of 38 ± 1 mK from the thermal broadening observed in the tunneling spectra. This results in an upper limit for the energy resolution of ΔE = 3.5kBT = 11.4 ± 0.3 μeV. The stability between tip and sample is 4 pm at a temperature of 15 mK as demonstrated by topography measurements on a Cu(111) surface.
Structural model for the protein-translocating element of the twin-arginine transport system
Authors: Rodriguez Fernanda , Rouse Sarah L. , Tait Claudia E. , Harmer Jeffrey , De Riso Antonio , Timmel Christiane R. , Sansom Mark S. P. , Berks Ben C. , Schnell Jason R. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
The twin-arginine transport system (Tat) has the remarkable ability of transporting folded proteins across membranes while avoiding uncontrolled ion leakage. Tat is essential for plant photosynthesis and is required for bacterial pathogenesis. The mechanism by which folded proteins are translocated is poorly understood. We have determined the structure of the TatA oligomer, which is responsible for the translocation step, and evaluated its impact on lipid bilayers. The results suggest a mechanism of protein translocation involving thinning and perturbing the membrane bilayer. The approach used here will be useful for structural analysis of other oligomeric proteins that weakly assemble in the membrane.
First Report of Anthracnose on Rohdea japonica Caused by Colletotrichum liriopes in Korea
Authors: Kwon J.-H. , Kim J. 
Published: March 2013

Lily of China (Rohdea japonica Roth) is a flowering plant native to eastern Asia. In the summers of 2010 and 2011, suspected anthracnose disease was observed on R. japonica plants in the exhibition field of Jinju Agriculture Technology Center, Jinju, South Korea. Symptoms began as yellow to brown spots on leaves and darkened as the spots expanded. The lesions subsequently became dark brown, and bristled acervuli were observed on the dark brown areas. Leaf spots led to leaf shriveling and eventual death. Fresh leaf specimens were collected from infected plants and the putative causal pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The fungus formed a dark brown colony, irregularly shaped black sclerotia, and abundant setae in PDA cultures. Conidia were colorless, falcate, fusiform, and 21 to 26 × 2 to 3 μm. Appressoria were clavate to circular and 8 to 12 × 6 to 8 μm. Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer was conducted as described previously (2) and generated a 577-bp sequence (GenBank Accession No. JQ677042) with 99% identity to sequences of C. liriopes strain CBS 119444 (GU227804), identified previously as C. dematium from Agavaceae (1). In the phylogenetic tree, the representative strain was placed within a clade comprising a reference strain of C. liriopes (data not shown). A representative isolate of the pathogen was used to inoculate R. japonica leaves for pathogenicity testing. Five 4-month-old R. japonica plants were sprayed to runoff with a conidial suspension (104 conidia/ml) and 0.025% Tween. Three plants were sprayed with sterilized distilled water and 0.025% Tween as a control. The plants were kept in a moist chamber with >90% relative humidity at 25°C for 48 h and then moved to a greenhouse. After 7 days of incubation, necrotic spot symptoms similar to those observed in the field developed on the inoculated leaves. Control plants remained asymptomatic. The pathogenicity test was repeated twice with similar results and the causal fungus was reisolated from the lesions of inoculated plants to satisfy Koch's postulates in each test. On the basis of observed symptoms, morphology, pathogenicity, and molecular characterization, this fungus was identified as Colletotrichum liriopes. The recent outbreak of leaf spot on R. japonica plants suggests that C. liriopes is spreading and poses a serious threat to these plants in Korea. References: (1) U. Damm et al. Fungal Diversity 39:45, 2009. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, M. A. Innis et al., eds., Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1990.
Adiponectin and endothelial markers in postmenopausal women taking oral or transdermal hormone therapy
Authors: Ruszkowska Barbara , Sokup Alina , Kulwas Arleta , Kwapisz Justyna , Góralczyk Krzysztof , Socha Maciej W. , Rhone Piotr , Rość Danuta 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the concentration of adiponectin, soluble E‐selectin, soluble thrombomodulin and tissue activator plasminogen antigen in postmenopausal women who received oral or transdermal hormone therapy.DesignCase–control study.SettingPolish university hospitals.PopulationSeventy‐six healthy postmenopausal women.MethodForty‐six women who received oral (n = 26) or transdermal (n = 20) hormone therapy and a control group without such medication (n = 30), all aged 44–58 years.Main outcome measuresPlasma concentrations of adiponectin, soluble E‐selectin, soluble thrombomodulin and tissue activator plasminogen antigen by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe found a significantly higher concentration of adiponectin in women on oral and transdermal therapy in comparison to the control group and a significantly lower concentration of soluble E‐selectin in women who received oral hormone therapy vs. the control group. A significantly higher concentration of tissue activator plasminogen antigen was obtained in the group of women using transdermal menopausal hormone therapy compared with those receiving oral therapy and with the control group.ConclusionsReduced levels of soluble E‐selectin in women using menopausal hormone therapy could lead to reduction in the intensity of expression of the adhesion factors on the surface of the vascular endothelium. Menopausal hormone therapy might have advantageous effects on vascular endothelial function through adiponectin. Transdermal therapy may have adverse effects associated with elevated tissue activator plasminogen antigen levels and thereby the higher risk of ischemic heart disease.
Patient education has a positive effect in patients with a stoma: a systematic review
Authors: Danielsen A. K. , Burcharth J. , Rosenberg J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimA systematic review was performed to assess whether education of patients having stoma formation improves quality of life and whether it is cost effective.MethodA literature search was performed to identify studies on the structured education of ostomates and outcome using the following databases: MEDLINE, Cinahl, Embase, Cochrane and PsycInfo. Inclusion criteria were: clinical studies reporting effects of educational interventions in relation to patients with a stoma. Commentaries or studies not testing an intervention were excluded.ResultsSeven articles met the inclusion criteria of having rigorously evaluated an educational programme related to living with a stoma. The programmes were organized in different ways and had explored various interventions. The results showed an increase in health‐related quality of life, as measured using a stoma quality of life instrument (P = 0.00001) and with the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) (P = 0.000–0.006), an increase in proficiency in management of the stoma (P = 0.0005), two studies pointed to a reduction in postoperative hospital stay (8 days vs 10 days, P = 0.029; and 8 days vs 14 days, P = 0.17), a significant reduction in cost in the intervention group ($US 8570.54) compared with the control group ($US 7396.90) as well as higher effectiveness scores in the intervention group (166.89) compared with the control group (110.98), a significant rise in stoma‐related knowledge (P = 0.0000) and an increase in psychosocial adjustment (P = 0.000).ConclusionStructured patient education aimed at patients' psychosocial needs seems to have a positive effect on quality of life as well as on cost. The interventions may be performed before, during or after hospital stay. However, the available data come from few studies with differences in interventions and in study design, and further studies are therefore needed before a final conclusion can be drawn.
Prevalence of Asperger syndrome among patients of an Early Intervention in Psychosis team
Authors: Davidson Conor , Greenwood Nick , Stansfield Alison , Wright Stephen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of systematic studies into comorbidity of Asperger syndrome and psychosis.AimTo determine the prevalence of Asperger syndrome among patients of an early intervention in psychosis service.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional survey consisting of three phases: screening, case note review and diagnostic interviews. All patients on caseload (n = 197) were screened using the Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults Screening Questionnaire. The case notes of patients screened positive were then reviewed for information relevant to Asperger syndrome. Those suspected of having Asperger syndrome were invited for a diagnostic interview.ResultsThirty patients were screened positive. Three of them already had a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome made by child and adolescent mental health services. After case note review, 13 patients were invited to interview. Four did not take part, so nine were interviewed. At interview, four were diagnosed with Asperger syndrome. In total, seven patients had Asperger syndrome. Thus, the prevalence rate in this population is at least 3.6%.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the prevalence of Asperger syndrome in first‐episode psychosis is considerably higher than that in the general population. Clinicians working in early intervention teams need to be alert to the possibility of Asperger syndrome when assessing patients.
Intrinsic vs. extrinsic influences on life history expression: metabolism and parentally induced temperature influences on embryo development rate
Authors: Martin Thomas E. , Ton Riccardo , Niklison Alina 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIntrinsic processes are assumed to underlie life history expression and trade‐offs, but extrinsic inputs are theorised to shift trait expression and mask trade‐offs within species. Here, we explore application of this theory across species. We do this based on parentally induced embryo temperature as an extrinsic input, and mass‐specific embryo metabolism as an intrinsic process, underlying embryonic development rate. We found that embryonic metabolism followed intrinsic allometry rules among 49 songbird species from temperate and tropical sites. Extrinsic inputs via parentally induced temperatures explained the majority of variation in development rates and masked a relationship with metabolism; metabolism explained a minor proportion of the variation in development rates among species, and only after accounting for temperature effects. We discuss evidence that temperature further obscures the expected interspecific trade‐off between development rate and offspring quality. These results demonstrate the importance of considering extrinsic inputs to trait expression and trade‐offs across species.
Dysphagia in Duchenne muscular dystrophy assessed by validated questionnaire
Authors: Archer Sally K. , Garrod Rachel , Hart Nicholas , Miller Simon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to progressive muscular weakness and death, most typically from respiratory complications. Dysphagia is common in DMD; however, the most appropriate swallowing assessments have not been universally agreed and the symptoms of dysphagia remain under‐reported.AimsTo investigate symptoms of dysphagia in DMD and to determine the potential of the validated Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ) to diagnose dysphagia in this patient group.Methods & ProceduresThree participant groups completed the SSQ and the results were compared: nine DMD participants with dysphagia, six DMD participants without dysphagia and 12 healthy controls.Outcomes & ResultsThe questionnaire scores for dysphagic DMD participants were significantly higher than for non‐dysphagic DMD participants (p = 0.039) and for healthy controls (p ≤ 0.001). The diagnostic ability of the questionnaire was good for detecting dysphagia in participants with DMD (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve = 0.89, p = 0.013), with a cut‐off score of 224.5 (13.2%) giving a sensitivity of 0.78 and a specificity of 0.83 for determining dysphagia. Dysphagic participants rated time to eat a meal, swallowing hard food, swallowing thick liquids and needing to cough up or spit during meals with the highest severity of all questionnaire items. Results of the questionnaire by item are presented to inform the clinician of the symptoms of dysphagia in DMD.Conclusions & ImplicationsDMD leads to pervasive symptoms of dysphagia. The simple SSQ is a clinically informative assessment tool for patients with DMD.
Policy Convergence with or without theEuropeanUnion: The Interaction of Policy Success,EUMembership and Policy Convergence
Authors: Fink Simon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTheEuropeanUnion (EU) is often seen as an institutional environment that facilitates the exchange of information about the effects of policies, and thus promotes convergence towards successful policies. However, current qualitative studies analyze onlyEUmembers and cannot dismiss the hypothesis that the relation between policy success and policy convergence is universal and not affected byEUmembership. The article analyzes a dyadic data set on privatization policies in the electricity sector to test the interaction hypothesis that jointEUmembership not only causes policy convergence, but also increases the effect of policy success on policy convergence. The result is that economic success of privatizations in role‐model countries and jointEUmembership both increase the probability of policy convergence. However, there is no interaction between policy success and jointEUmembership. Thus, contrary to widely held assumptions, jointEUmembership does not amplify learning from each other's policy success.