bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coloration properties and chemo‐rheological characterization of a dioxazine pigment‐based monodispersed masterbatch
Authors: Buccella Mauro , Dorigato Andrea , Crugnola Franco , Caldara Mauro , Fambri Luca 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA dioxazine‐based color pigment was added to a commercial polyamide 6 (PA6) through an extrusion process, in order to prepare monoconcentrated violet masterbatches through different production set‐up. A detailed characterization of the resulting materials was carried out in order to find the best processing parameters combination to optimize pigment dispersion and to reduce the clogging power. The preparation of masterbatches with repeated extrusions markedly reduced the filter pressure value and increased the Relative Color Strength, while filtration did not significantly influence pigment dispersion. Rheological measurements and end‐groups analysis were conducted on the same materials with the aim to evaluate their thermal degradation resistance, and the thermal stability of the compounds was retained even upon three extrusions. Therefore, it can be concluded that a proper optimization of the process parameters could lead to an important reduction of the production waste, increasing the quality of the final product. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41452.
A facile dip‐coating approach to prepare SiO2/fluoropolymer coating for superhydrophobic and superoleophobic fabrics with self‐cleaning property
Authors: Lin Jing , Zheng Cheng , Ye WenJin , Wang HuaQuan , Feng DanYan , Li QiaoYi , Huan BoWei 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, a facile, two‐step dip‐coating approach was reported for the fabrication of the superhydrophobic and superoleophobic cotton fabrics. It was confirmed that the superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite thin film containing modified‐SiO2 nanoparticles and fluoropolymer had been successfully fabricated on the cotton fabrics surface, the results demonstrated that the treated cotton fabrics showed good performances, such as superhydrophobicity and superoleophobicity, low water and oil absorption ability, self‐cleaning property and good laundering durability, so forth. The above approach can be applied to potentially advance superhydrophobic and superoleophobic fabrics materials for a variety of applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41458.
Detachment of a bubble anchored to a vertical cylindrical surface in quiescent liquid and grid generated turbulence
Authors: Wang Guichao , Sathe Mayur , Mitra Subhasish , Jameson Graeme J. , Evans Geoffrey M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTurbulence plays a critical role in detachment process of bubble from a solid surface. To investigate this effect, detachment process of a stationary air bubble from a nozzle in both quiescent and turbulent liquid field was studied. A stationary vertical (flat‐ended) needle of ID 1.24 mm was used as a nozzle to generate a bubble which was anchored to the needle tip. Different sizes of bubbles were generated in quiescent liquid. Volume and contact angle for these bubbles were measured precisely using microscopic imaging technique and correlated. In the quiescent case experiments, a constant contact angle of 90° and bubble diameter of 3.05 ± 0.004 mm were obtained consistently. A simple force balance approach was proposed assuming bubble in equilibrium to determine this maximum bubble diameter during detachment. The detached bubble size calculated using this approach agreed fairly well with the experimental results. An oscillating grid device capable of operating at different frequencies was then applied to generate a homogeneous, near‐isotropic turbulent velocity field around the anchored bubble. It was observed that for detachment of smaller bubbles, higher turbulence intensity was indeed necessary. The turbulent flow field was quantified using particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique and resolved into flow structures (eddies) of different length scales using a Gaussian filter. It was concluded that smaller eddies perturbed the bubble interface whilst the larger eddies contributed to weakening of the capillary force causing the bubble detachment. Energy dissipation profile obtained from the PIV images indicated significant energy dissipation near the bubble compared to the bulk fluid which supported the fact that strong interactions between bubble and eddies were indeed responsible for bubble detachment.
Formation of microcapsules by complex coacervation
Authors: Ach Delphine , Briançon Stéphanie , Broze Guy , Puel François , Rivoire Alain , Galvan Jean‐Marc , Chevalier Yves 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe process of encapsulation by complex coacervation includes several steps that have been investigated in order to reach a better control over the whole process. This has been carried out for the encapsulation of linseed oil by the classical gelatin/acacia gum pair of coacervating polymers. Fabrication of an oil‐in‐water emulsion is the first step that has been studied so as to reach a definite picture of the emulsification process under intermediate flow regime in a stirred unbaffled vessel. The classical scheme of oil droplet break‐up by turbulent eddies in the turbulent inertial regime gave a fair agreement with the experiments and can be used as a possible framework for a process scale‐up. Polynuclear microcapsules containing several oil droplets have been obtained during the deposition of the coacervate onto the surface of oil droplets. According to the emulsification conditions and microparticles growth caused by multiple droplets encapsulation, microcapsules of ∼130 µm were produced. A video probe immersed in the stirred vessel allowed an in situ monitoring of the successive events taking place as acid was added into the medium. This technique allows dynamic observations of microcapsules formation. These observations confirmed the deposition of coacervate droplets around oil drops and clearly showed that the formation of coacervate particles and their deposition onto oil droplets were successive events.
Dry anaerobic digestion modelling: Parameter sensitivity
Authors: Benbelkacem Hassen , Bollon Julien , Gourdon Rémy , Buffière Pierre 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA model dedicated to dry anaerobic digestion process was previously developed. This model was based on the ADM1 model and modified to take into account the specificity of dry anaerobic media. The objective of the work presented here was to study the sensitivity to the model of 2 parameters. The first parameter (kLa) was related to mass transfer of the biodegradation products (CH4, CO2, H2) from liquid phase to gas phase. Two gas production behaviours were pointed out, depending on kLa value and corresponding to limiting or non‐limiting transfer rate. A kLa value of 5 d−1 marked the transition. The second parameter (kmX) was linked to biological kinetic reactions. The sensitivity of kmX was important: a variation of ±10 % of its value affected clearly the kinetic consumption of the substrate. A method to determine those parameters was presented. This method was then used to determine both biological kinetic parameter and mass transfer coefficient from batch experimental data of methane production with acetate as organic substrate at two different moisture contents.
Three‐dimensional flow in a thin annular layer of silicon melt with bidirectional temperature gradients
Authors: Wang Fei , Peng Lan , Zhang QuanZhuang 
Published: September 2014

Bidirectional temperature gradients coexist virtually in surface tension driven flows. However, the simulations have been performed to the flow with only one temperature gradient. A series of 3 D numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the Marangoni‐thermocapillary flow of silicon melt in a thin annular layer with bidirectional temperature gradients. The temperature gradients are produced by the temperature difference ΔT between walls and the constant heat flux q on the bottom, respectively. When changing q, the melt presents different state evolutions at different ΔT. Furthermore, two critical q are found, one makes the minimum melt temperature higher than the crystallization temperature and the other makes the flow unsteady. Both of the critical heat fluxes decrease with increasing ΔT. q contributes more to the elevation of the melt temperature, while ΔT contributes more to the enhancement of the melt instability. In addition, the melt on the free surface flows mainly along the radial direction.
A novel model of early experiences involving neonatal learning of a T‐maze using maternal contact as a reward or its denial as an event of mild emotional adversity
Authors: Stamatakis Antonios , Diamantopoulou Anastasia , Panagiotaropoulos Theofanis , Raftogianni Androniki , Stylianopoulou Fotini 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe developed a novel animal model of early life experiences in which rat pups are trained during postnatal days (PND) 10–13 in a T‐maze with maternal contact as a reward (RER group) or its denial (DER group) as a mildly aversive event. Both groups of animals learn the T‐maze, albeit the RER do so more efficiently. Training results in activation of the basal ganglia in the RER and of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in the DER. Moreover, on PND10 DER training leads to increased corticosterone levels and activation of the amygdala. In adulthood, male DER animals show better mnemonic abilities in the Morris water maze while the RER exhibit enhanced fear memory. Furthermore, DER animals have a hypofunctioning serotonergic system and express depressive‐like behavior and increased aggression. However, they have increased hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors, indicative of efficient hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis function, and an adaptive pattern of stress‐induced corticosterone response. The DER experience with its relatively negative emotional valence results in a complex behavioral phenotype, which cannot be considered simply as adaptive or maladaptive. © 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1651–1660, 2014.
Adjoint‐based error estimation and mesh adaptation for hybridized discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Woopen M. , May G. , Schütz J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe present a robust and efficient target‐based mesh adaptation methodology, building on hybridized discontinuous Galerkin schemes for (nonlinear) convection–diffusion problems, including the compressible Euler and Navier–Stokes equations. The hybridization of finite element discretizations has the main advantage that the resulting set of algebraic equations has globally coupled degrees of freedom (DOFs) only on the skeleton of the computational mesh. Consequently, solving for these DOFs involves the solution of a potentially much smaller system. This not only reduces storage requirements but also allows for a faster solution with iterative solvers. The mesh adaptation is driven by an error estimate obtained via a discrete adjoint approach. Furthermore, the computed target functional can be corrected with this error estimate to obtain an even more accurate value. The aim of this paper is twofold: Firstly, to show the superiority of adjoint‐based mesh adaptation over uniform and residual‐based mesh refinement and secondly, to investigate the efficiency of the global error estimate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrated reservoir modeling at the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project
Authors: Senel Ozgur , Will Robert , Butsch Robert J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInjecting carbon dioxide (CO2) into the subsurface comes with the added responsibility of understanding the movement of the CO2 once injected, and ensuring that it remains contained in the target reservoir. Consequently, a significant part of the sequestration process is to build and maintain models of the subsurface that will predict the flow of the injected CO2. These models need to integrate all data available so that the subsurface movement of the CO2 can be predicted should changes to the injection parameters be made. As the CO2 plume is monitored by various measurements, the model needs to be flexible enough to be updated to account for any difference between predicted and known behavior. An integrated predictive reservoir model was created for the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project utilizing a variety of data collected from 2007 until January 2013. The evolution of this model will be discussed. Prior to the beginning of injection, in November 2011, reservoir models and numerical simulations were used extensively to design the wellbore, completions, and well tests; optimize predicted injectivity; simulate the CO2 subsurface migration development and pressure perturbation; analyze and understand well test results; and quantify uncertainties in predictions. Now, with the help of dynamic injection data collected, the calibration of the model has been accomplished by honoring the observations and this facilitates making more informed forecasts. Our analysis indicates a laterally developing CO2 subsurface migration, thus reducing the near to mid‐term expectation of CO2 reaching the seal and upper sections of target reservoir. Further planned modeling efforts include additional model refinements required for anticipated future applications including regulatory compliance and multi‐physics data integration.
Botanical traceability of commercial tannins using the mineral profile and stable isotopes
Authors: Bertoldi Daniela , Santato Alessandro , Paolini Mauro , Barbero Alice , Camin Federica , Nicolini Giorgio , Larcher Roberto 
Published: September 2014

Commercial tannins are natural polyphenolic compounds extracted from different plant tissues such as gall, the wood of different species and fruit. In the food industry they are mainly used as flavourings and food ingredients, whereas in winemaking they are classified as clarification agents for wine protein stabilisation, although colour stabilisation, metal removal, unpleasant thiol removal and rheological correction are also well‐known and desired effects.Due to their particular technical properties and very different costs, the possibility of correct identification of the real botanical origin of tannins can be considered a primary target in oenology research and in fulfilling the technical and economic requirements of the wine industry. For some categories of tannins encouraging results have already been achieved by considering sugar or polyphenolic composition. For the first time this work verifies the possibility of determining the botanical origin of tannins on the basis of the mineral element profile and analysis of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio.One hundred two commercial tannins originating from 10 different botanical sources (grapes, oak, gall, chestnut, fruit trees, quebracho, tea, acacia, officinal plants and tara) were analysed to determine 57 elements and the 13C/12C isotopic ratio, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry, respectively.Forward stepwise discriminant analysis provided good discrimination between the 8 most abundant groups, with 100% correct re‐classification. The model was then validated five times on subsets of 10% of the overall samples, randomly extracted, achieving satisfactory results. With a similar approach it was also possible to distinguish toasted and untoasted oak tannins as well as tannins from grape skin and grape seeds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive strategy for the bivariate solution of finite element problems using multivariate nested Padé approximants
Authors: Rumpler R. , Göransson P. , Rice H.J. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYMost engineering applications involving solutions by numerical methods are dependent on several parameters, whose impact on the solution may significantly vary from one to the other. At times an evaluation of these multivariate solutions may be required at the expense of a prohibitively high computational cost. In the present paper, an adaptive approach is proposed as a way to estimate the solution of such multivariate finite element problems. It is based upon the integration of so‐called nested Padé approximants within the finite element procedure. This procedure includes an effective control of the approximation error, which enables adaptive refinements of the converged intervals upon reconstruction of the solution. The main advantages lie in a potential reduction of the computational effort and the fact that the level of a priori knowledge required about the solution in order to have an accurate, efficient, and well‐sampled estimate of the solution is low. The approach is introduced for bivariate problems, for which it is validated on elasto‐poro‐acoustic problems of both academic and more industrial scale. It is argued that the methodology in general holds for more than two variables, and a discussion is opened about the truncation refinements required in order to generalize the results accordingly. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue: The holy grail of clinical proteomics?
Authors: Broeckx Valérie , Peeters Lise , Maes Evelyne , Pringels Lentel , Verjans Eddy‐Tim , Landuyt Bart 
Published: September 2014

Tissue is the most relevant biological material to gather insight in disease mechanisms by means of omics technologies. However, fresh frozen tissue, which is generally regarded as the best imaginable source for such studies, is often not available. In case it is available, the different ways of storage (e.g. −20°C, −80°C, liquid nitrogen, etc.) hamper the conduction of reproducible multicenter studies because of different protein degradation rates. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue on the contrary is considered as a valuable alternative for fresh frozen tissue, because only a few standard operation procedures are applied worldwide for the preparation of these tissues and because they are all stored in the same way. However, a study on the impact of the different preparation protocols for FFPE tissue was still lacking. Therefore, Bronsert et al. in this issue [Bronsert, P., Weißer, J., Biniossek, M. L., Kuehs, M. et al., Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2014, 8 786–804] conducted such a study that provides proof that there is no significant effect between these sample preparations procedures, and thereby they further open the gate for FFPE tissues to enter the field of clinical proteomics.
Properties of a‐SiGe:H thin films: correlation between photosensitivity and density of states
Authors: Laidoudi Lamia , Fedala Abdelkrim , Rahal Abla 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThin films of hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium (a‐Si1‐xGex:H) alloy are prepared using DC magnetron sputtering method, at a substrate temperature of 150 °C. Silicon and germanium are co‐pulverized. All our films are deposited in the same preparation conditions except for those having a germanium content from 27% to 40%. Structural, optical and electrical properties are systematically studied from IR absorption, optical transmission and electrical measurements. Hydrogen content is determined by integrating the wagging mode infrared absorption. The increase of the Ge content from 27% to 40% is responsible for a decrease in optical bandgap of 1.59 to 1.43 eV and a reduction of the total content of hydrogen bonds in both Si‐H and Ge‐H configurations. A good correlation is observed between the reduction of the optical gap and the increase of one order of magnitude of the dark conductivity.The white light sensitivity shows a significant degradation due to germanium incorporation in the silicon matrix. Therefore, this degradation increases with germanium content. The density of states (DOS) located at the Fermi level g(EF) is estimated from the analysis of capacitance‐frequency measurements on Au/a‐Si1‐xGex:H/c‐Si(N+) Schottky structure, in zero bias condition. In our layers, the turn on condition which permits to measure the complete response of the deep states, for 1 kHz frequency, occurs at a relatively high temperature (over 75 °C). The measured density of states increases from 3x1016 cm‐3 eV‐1 to 3x1018 cm‐3 eV‐1 when the germanium content increases. This can highlight the narrow correlation between sensitivity degradation and density of states augmentation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Room temperature kerfless silicon thin foils obtained via a stress inducing epoxy layer
Authors: Serra João , Bellanger Pierre , Bouchard Pierre O. , Bernacki Marc 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present 5 × 5 cm2 SLIM‐cut foils obtained by cooling form curing temperatures of 150 °C to room temperature using an epoxy stress inducing layer. Numerical simulations were performed to help the definition of an optimum geometry and we demonstrate the capability to obtain several thin foils from the same substrate. The evolution of minority carrier lifetime upon successive exfoliation of the same substrate is presented. Measured lifetimes in these silicon foils increase after etching suggesting that recombination centers are present close to the foil surface. Effective lifetimes of 50 microseconds were obtained in 120 µm thick foils, corresponding to diffusion length much larger than the foil thickness. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Evaluation of the Relations Between Flow Regime Components, Stream Characteristics, Species Traits, and Meta‐Demographic Rates of Warm‐Water‐Stream Fishes: Implications for Aquatic Resource Management
Authors: Peterson J. T. , Shea C. P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFishery biologists are increasingly recognizing the importance of considering the dynamic nature of streams when developing streamflow policies. Such approaches require information on how flow regimes influence the physical environment and how those factors, in turn, affect species‐specific demographic rates. A more cost‐effective alternative could be the use of dynamic occupancy models to predict how species are likely to respond to changes in flow. To appraise the efficacy of this approach, we evaluated relative support for hypothesized effects of seasonal streamflow components, stream channel characteristics, and fish species traits on local extinction, colonization, and recruitment (meta‐demographic rates) of stream fishes. We used 4 years of seasonal fish collection data from 23 streams to fit multistate, multiseason occupancy models for 42 fish species in the lower Flint River Basin, Georgia. Modelling results suggested that meta‐demographic rates were influenced by streamflows, particularly short‐term (10‐day) flows. Flow effects on meta‐demographic rates also varied with stream size, channel morphology, and fish species traits. Small‐bodied species with generalized life‐history characteristics were more resilient to flow variability than large‐bodied species with specialized life‐history characteristics. Using this approach, we simplified the modelling framework, thereby facilitating the development of dynamic, spatially explicit evaluations of the ecological consequences of water resource development activities over broad geographic areas. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.