bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric assessment and treatment of survivors of torture
Authors: Duffy Richard M. , Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTorture remains an ongoing global problem. Many individuals who have migrated from areas of conflict and political instability have suffered some form of torture. Survivors of torture can present significant challenges to general practitioners, voluntary bodies and mental health services. This article describes the many physical, psychological and social effects of torture. An understanding of these will hopefully aid comprehensive assessment of survivors of torture by local mental health teams. Also described are the current treatment options and their evidence base.
Response to clozapine in a clinically identifiable subtype of
schizophrenia
Authors: Butcher Nancy J. , Fung Wai Lun Alan , Fitzpatrick Laura , Guna Alina , Andrade Danielle M. , Lang Anthony E. , Chow Eva W. C. , Bassett Anne S. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundGenetic testing in psychiatry promises to improve patient care through
advances in personalised medicine. However, there are few clinically
relevant examples.AimsTo determine whether patients with a well-established genetic subtype of
schizophrenia show a different response profile to the antipsychotic
clozapine than those with idiopathic schizophrenia.MethodWe retrospectively studied the long-term safety and efficacy of clozapine
in 40 adults with schizophrenia, half with a 22q11.2 deletion (22q11.2DS
group) and half matched for age and clinical severity but molecularly
confirmed to have no pathogenic copy number variant (idiopathic
group).ResultsBoth groups showed similar clinical improvement and significant
reductions in hospitalisations, achieved at a lower median dose for those
in the 22q11.2DS group. Most common side-effects were similarly prevalent
between the two groups, however, half of the 22q11.2DS group experienced
at least one rare serious adverse event compared with none of the
idiopathic group. Many were successfully retried on clozapine.ConclusionsIndividuals with 22q11.2DS-schizophrenia respond as well to clozapine
treatment as those with other forms of schizophrenia, but may represent a
disproportionate number of those with serious adverse events, primarily
seizures. Lower doses and prophylactic (for example anticonvulsant)
management strategies can help ameliorate side-effect risks. This first
systematic evaluation of antipsychotic response in a genetic subtype of
schizophrenia provides a proof-of-principle for personalised medicine and
supports the utility of clinical genetic testing in schizophrenia.
Recovery of the Incretin Effect in Type 2 Diabetic Patients After Biliopancreatic Diversion
Authors: Novaes Fernanda S. , Vasques Ana C. J. , Pareja José C. , Knop Filip K. , Tura Andrea , Chaim Élinton A. , Geloneze Bruno 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Context:
Bariatric surgery often results in remission of the diabetic state in obese patients. Increased incretin effect seems to play an important role in the glycemic improvements after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but the impact of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) remains unexplored.

Objective:
The objective was to elucidate the effect of BPD on the incretin effect and its interplay with beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Design, Setting and Patients:
Twenty-three women were studied: a control group of 13 lean, normal glucose-tolerant women (lean NGT) studied once and 10 obese patients with T2DM studied before, 1 and 12 months after BPD.

Intervention:
The ObeseT2DM group underwent BPD.

Main Outcome Measures:
The main outcome measure was the change in incretin effect as measured by the isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion test. Secondary outcomes encompassed IS and beta-cell function.

Results:
At baseline, the incretin effect was lower in obese T2DM compared to lean NGT (P &lt; .05). One month after BPD, the incretin effect was not changed, but at 12 months it reached the level of the lean NGT group (P &gt; .05). IS improved (P &lt; .05) 1 month after BPD and at 12 months it resembled the levels of the lean NGT group. Insulin secretory rate and beta-cell glucose sensitivity increased after BPD and achieved levels similar to lean NGT group 1 month after BPD and even higher levels at 12 months (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
BPD has no acute impact on the reduced incretin effect, but 12 months after surgery the incretin effect normalizes alongside normalization of glucose control, IS and beta-cell function.
Structural Conversion of a Triphenylphosphine Gold Cluster by Octahedral Metal Complexes with 2-Aminoethanethiolate
Authors: Hashimoto Akari , Yoshinari Nobuto , Konno Takumi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The reaction of [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ with fac-[Ir(aet)3] (aet: 2-aminoethanethiolate) led to the structural conversion to [Au8(PPh3)8]2+ with the concomitant formation of [Au3{Ir(aet)3}2]3+. A similar structural conversion was also observed when [Au9(PPh3)8]3+ was reacted with fac-[Rh(aet)3] or fac-[Co(aet)3]. This result demonstrates for the first time that thiolato metal complexes possess an ability to abstract gold atoms, rather than to replace phosphine ligands in a gold cluster.
Hybrid Metaheuristics for Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Talbi E-G. 
Published: March 2015

Over the last two decades, interest on hybrid metaheuristics has risen considerably in the field of multi-objective optimization (MOP). The best results found for many real-life or academic multi-objective optimization problems are obtained by hybrid algorithms. Combinations of algorithms such as metaheuristics, mathematical programming and machine learning techniques have provided very powerful search algorithms. Three different types of combinations are considered in this paper to solve multi-objective optimization problems: Combining metaheuristics with (complementary) metaheuristics. Combining metaheuristics with exact methods from mathematical programming approaches. Combining metaheuristics with machine learning and data mining techniques.
A Framework for Research and Intervention Design in Supported Decision-Making
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Wehmeyer Michael L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Supported decision-making has emerged as an alternative to traditional models of guardianship as a means to support people with intellectual disability to be maximally included in the totality of their lives. Based on social-ecological models of disability that emphasize personal strengths and abilities and supports that enable people to fully participate in normative environments and contexts, supported decision-making has promise to enhance self-determination and quality of life. Research on factors related to decision making, on supports to enable people to fully engage in the decision-making process, and on efforts to design interventions that promote knowledge and skills pertaining to decision making are among the needed next steps to begin to realize the goal that people with intellectual disability are supported to make decisions. This article proposes a three-pronged framework for considering the design of assessments and interventions to promote supported decision-making; decision-making abilities, environmental demands for decision making, and support needs for decision making.
Regulation of Coastal Zones and Natural Disasters: Mitigating the Impact of Tsunamis in Chile Through Urban and Regional Planning
Authors: Herrmann Geraldine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper analyzes the role of urban and regional planning in mitigating the impact of tsunamis in Chile, particularly in response to the tsunami of February 27, 2010. It examines the draft norms and policies to reduce the impact of tsunamis at the national level, as well as tsunami mitigation measures proposed in recent reconstruction plans by local councils. This paper shows that local regulations that mitigate the impact of tsunamis are being designed and developed in a weak national regulatory framework and are “improvised” at the local level. Therefore, a clear regulatory framework and set of urban polices is required in Chile at the national and local level to reduce vulnerability to tsunamis. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to mitigate the impact of tsunamis in Chile through urban and regional planning at the national and local level.
Vergleich Von Simulationssprachen / Comparison Of Simulation Languages
Authors: Musielak H. , Stössel M. 
Published: March 2015

Es werden Simulationssprachen in Bezug auf ihre Leistungsfähigkeit verglichen. Hierzu werden drei Modelle entwickelt, die in den folgenden drei Simulationssprachen dargestellt werden: GPSS-FOR TR Α Ν, GPSS V und GASP IV. Die Modelle wurden so gewählt, daß sie Probleme aus den folgenden Gebieten behandeln: Warteschlangensvsteme, Speicherzuteilung und Lagerhaltung und Koordination von Aufträgen.
Das Hauptziel ist es, für die drei Simulationssprachen anzugeben, wie leicht bzw. wie schnell ein Modell erstellt werden kann. Weiterhin werden Angaben über Rechenzeitanforderung, Speicherbedarf und Benutzerfreundlichkeit für die drei Simulationssprachen gemacht.
My Fair Lady Automaton
Authors: Picker John M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The connection between mechanical voice reproduction and artificial femininity, popularized most recently by Apple’s debut of Siri for the iPhone in 2011, dates nearly to the very moment of the introduction of the phonograph in 1877. This connection was reinforced in the literature of the period, where it served to preserve or question traditional Victorian gender roles amid social and economic changes that were already upending them. In this essay, I build upon arguments in my book Victorian Soundscapes to sketch a trajectory of imaginative representation of the “female talking machine” across what historian of technology Vaclav Smil has identified as “the Age of Synergy” – that is, from Edison’s 1880s talking doll to E. E. Kellett’s turn of the century short story “The Lady Automaton” and on through George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion. After mapping out the figure of the female voice engine along this arc, from speaking automaton to autonomous vocalist, I conclude by suggesting how the demands of post-war capitalist mass entertainment sought to undermine if not reverse it.
Autoimmune Liver Diseases and Antiphospholipid Antibodies Positivity: a Meta-analysis of Literature Studies
Authors: Ambrosino Pasquale , Lupoli Roberta , Spadarella Gaia , Tarantino Paolo , Di Minno Alessandro , Tarantino Luciano , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario 
Published: March 2015

Background & Aims: Several studies reported an association between autoimmune liver diseases (AiLD) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) positivity. We performed a meta-analysis of studies evaluating the association of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) with aPL positivity and with aPL-related thrombotic events.Methods: Studies evaluating the association of AiLD with aPL (anticardiolipin [aCL], anti-β2 glycoprotein-I [anti-β2GPI], lupus anticoagulant [LA] antibodies) and with aPL-related thrombotic complications were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE databases.Results: A total of 10 studies (750 patients with AiLD and 1,244 healthy controls) were included in the analysis on the prevalence of aPL and showed that AiLD are significantly associated with the presence of aCL and anti-β2GPI. The association with aCL positivity was consistently confirmed in PBC (OR: 13.93, 95%CI: 4.69-41.38), AIH (OR: 23.50, 95%CI: 4.28-129.13), and PSC (OR: 18.21, 95%CI: 7.05-47.08). Similarly, anti-β2GPI were found more frequently in PBC (OR: 25.10, 95%CI: 4.77-132.11), AIH (OR: 48.57, 95%CI: 11.07-213.09), and PSC (OR: 36.30, 95%CI: 6.55-201.31). These findings are confirmed when separately analyzing IgM, IgG, and IgA directed against phospholipids. Two of the 10 included articles and 1 further study (67 cases and 75 controls) showed a trend - not achieving statistical significance - towards a higher prevalence of thrombotic complications in AIH patients with aPL as compared to those with only AIH (OR: 1.67, 95%CI: 0.46-6.05).Conclusion: PBC, AIH, and PSC are significantly associated with aPL positivity. The association with aPL-related thrombotic complications should be further studied.
Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Romanian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Lupu Alexandru , Diculescu Mircea , Diaconescu Razvan , Tantau Marcel , Tantau Alina , Visovan Ioana , Gheorghe Cristian , Lupei Cristina , Gheorghe Liana , Cerban Razvan , Vadan Roxana , Goldis Adrian 
Published: March 2015

Background & Aims: Anemia is the most frequent systemic complication in inflammatory bowel diseases. It affects the quality of life and can interact with working capacity. Our objectives were to identify the prevalence of anemia, its main causes and its management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease from Romania.Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective study from March 2013 to August 2014. We enrolled 291 patients from three referral centers: 115 (39.52%) with Crohn's disease (CD) and 176 (60.48%) with ulcerative colitis (UC). We defined anemia according to the WHO criteria.Results: Median age of the patients was 41 years and the median time period since diagnosis was 3 years (0.75-7). The median activity index for UC (UCAI) was 4 and the median CD activity index (CDAI) was 96. More patients with CD were on antiTNFα therapy (p < 0.01), corticosteroids (p =0.18) or azathioprine (p=0.05) and required surgery for their underlying disease at study enrollment (p < 0.01). Anemia was present in 31.27% of the patients, more often in those with CD (35.65%) than with UC (28.41%) (not statistically significant); 53.26% of the patients had iron deficiency while 4.12% had folic acid and 8.59% vitamin B12 deficiency; 9.62% of the patients had received anti-anemic therapy at inclusion in the study or in the last three months prior to study enrollment.Conclusions: About one in three Romanian patients with inflammatory bowel disease has anemia, which is frequently associated with iron deficiency. About 30% of the patients with anemia are under therapy and the most frequent route for iron supplementation is the oral one. This might contribute to the high prevalence of iron deficiency and the low level of compliance.
The genus Coryanthes: a paradygm in ecology
Authors: Gerlach Günter 
Published: March 2015

Desde la época de Darwin, la biología de polinización de Coryanthes fascinó a los naturalistas, pero no solo con este fenómeno este género sorprende a sus observadores. Dr. Crüger, el director del Jardín Botánico de Trinidad fue el primero que investigó el proceso de la polinización en 1864. Él habló de la intensa atracción del aroma floral a ciertos himenopteros, pero la verdadera recompensa buscada por las abejas fue descubierta hace tan sólo 100 años por Dodson y Vogel. Todas las especies de Coryanthes crecen únicamente en llamados jardines de hormigas, éstas comunidades pueden llegar a un tamaño de 150 cm de diametro, solo el nido de las hormigas mide unos 80 cm. Los dos organismos son dependientes uno del otro, la planta esta condenada a la muerte si la colonia de hormigas asociada muere. Las plantas ofrecen nectar en nectarios extraflorales y con su sistema de raices facilitan una base para la construción del nido, mientras las hormigas defienden su planta contra herbívoros y las fertilizan con los excrementos de vertebrados colectados del suelo. La alimentación abundante permite a la planta un crecimiento muy rápido. Plantas de Coryanthes que crecen en viveros necesitan nada mas entre 2 a 3 años para florecer. Esto es tal vez es uno de los record en las orquídeas, porque las flores son muy grandes y pesadas. Estas pueden llegar a un peso de mas que 100 g, el cual es otro record dentro de la familia de las orquídeas. Las semillas para madurar necesitan solo 60 dias, una cápsula contiene alrededor de 600.000 granos de semilla, eso probablemente es una adaptación a su habitat tan vulnerable. El proceso de polinización es sincronisado con gran precision para atraer a una o pocas especies de euglosidos, solamente ellos pueden efectuar la polinización. Si una abeja demasiado grande para el pasaje de la flor es atraída, ella tapa la salida de la orquídea, resultando en la muerte de ambas. Una abeja demasiada pequeña puede pasar la flor sin efectuar la polinización. La atracción individualizada esta causada por la preferencia especifica de los machos de euglosidos en la composición química de los aromas florales. Las diferentes especies adentro del género Coryanthes tienen diferentes aromas florales, ayudando así también al taxónomo para distinguirlas o en otro caso unir especies variables cuales clones estan polinizados por la misma especie de abeja. Todas estas peculariedades de las especies de Coryanthes menciondas aquí son las respuestas de la evolución a la sobrevivencia en una ecología extrema. La ecología de estas plantas es tan compleja y diversificada que a pesar de un largo plazo de investigación intensiva, todavia no se conoce a cabalidad ó en totalidad una serie de procesos.
Orchid seed stores for sustainable use: a model for future seed-banking activities
Authors: Seaton Phillip , Pritchard Hugh 
Published: March 2015

Los Almacenes de Semillas de Orquídeas para Uso Sostenible (Orchid Seed Stores for Sustainable Use – oSSSu Por sus siglas en inglés) es una iniciativa de tres años del proyecto Iniciativa Darwin del Reino Unido, con el principal objetivo de establecer una red global de bancos de semillas de orquídeas, enfocándose inicialmente en aquellos “puntos calientes” de biodiversidad en Asia y América Latina. Al momento de escribir este documento, hay 20 instituciones participantes en 16 países. A más largo plazo, nuestro objetivo es el de incluir un mayor número de instituciones de todo el mundo, y especialmente de países africanos. Tenemos la confianza de que una semilla seca de orquídea de buena calidad tiene el potencial sobrevivir durante muchas décadas bajo condiciones de temperatura de un banco de semillas convencional de alrededor de -20 C. Las instituciones participantes han recibido tubos para el almacenamiento de semillas, junto con los fondos para adquirir una congeladora de baúl específicamente dedicada así como algunos de los suministros consumibles necesarios. Se ha acordado una serie de protocolos, que por primera vez permitirán la comparación de la germinación de semillas de más de 250 especies de orquídeas de países tropicales y templados que cubren una amplia gama de tipos de hábitat en un solo medio de germinación (Knudson C) y compararlas con su viabilidad de largo plazo. El rol de la OSSSU tanto en conservación ex situ e in situ queda ilustrado con el caso de Cattleya quadricolor, una endémica colombiana. La historia de C. quadricolor es algo muy familiar: pérdida de hábitat combinada con la ilegal recolección de esta especie tan hermosa debido a intereses comerciales. Sin embargo, aquí tenemos un proyecto en el cual todas las piezas del rompecabezas de la conservación de orquídeas calzan en forma exacta: una Lista Roja actualizada para las orquídeas de Colombia que sería de gran ayuda para apuntar a las especies raras y amenazadas, un Plan Nacional de Acción para las especies de Cattleya, la participación en OSSSU, un grupo de cultivadores amateur y profesionales con los conocimientos necesarios para germinar las semillas para el proyecto y estar en capacidad de producir plántulas, un cultivador comercial comprometido que esté dispuesto a proporcionar plantas para polinización y realizar la cosecha de semillas, y un jardín botánico que está dispuesto a actuar como punto focal para re-introducir plantas de C. quadricolor cultivadas por el proyecto a un número de sitios que ofrezcan seguridad.
Evidence of protandry in Aa Rchb.f. (Orchidaceae, Cranichideae)
Authors: Trujillo Delsy , Franke Thassilo , Agerer Reinhard 
Published: March 2015

Protandry has been described in orchids since Darwin (1862) as a strategy to promote cross-pollination. Three different forms of protandry have been reported in tribe Cranichideae: downward movement of the labellum in Spiranthes species, upward movement of the column in Sauroglossum elatum Lindl. and Manniella spp., and downward movement of the column in Prescottia stachyodes (Sw.) Lindl. In the present work, through longitudinal and transverse sections of flowers of different developmental stages, we reported column movement of Aa erosa (Rchb.f.) Schltr. and the mechanism responsible for the movement. Our result shows that in an early flower stage (male phase), the column of Aa erosa is straight. The gradual cell death of the dorsal side of the column and size increase of the cells of the ventral side cause the column to bend downward to almost 90o representing the female stage. Some authors have suggested self-pollination in Aa. But flies exploring inflorescences of Aa species have been observed in the field by the author. This observation plus the evidence of protandry in Aa erosa could discard self- pollination as the only strategy of pollination in this genus.
The Analysis for the Causes of Surgical Cancellations in a Brazilian University Hospital
Authors: Cihoda Josiane Harumi , Alves Jessika Rojo , Fernandes Luciano Augusto , de Souza Neto Edmundo Pereira 
Published: March 2015

Background: The aim of our study is to quantify the occurrence of suspension of scheduled surgeries in a Brazilian university hospital, trying to identify the causes of suspension of these operations and meet the medical specialties that most contributed to the cancellation. Methods: This study takes the form of an exploratory, descriptive, and quantitative enquiry carried out by analyzing the database from 2008 to 2011 of the operating theater. Results: Of the 29,518 scheduled surgeries, 16.1% were cancelled. The patient was the main reason, accounting for more than 40% of all suspensions. When calculating the rate of surgery suspended from a specialty, dividing the number of cancelled surgeries in a specialty by the number of scheduled surgeries in the same, we found that otolaryngology is the specialty with the highest rate of 21.3%. Conclusions: One of the main reasons in our sample why surgeries were cancelled is nonappearance of the patient. Improving communication between patient and hospital facilitates the client program and also contributes to avoid cancellations.