bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of HLA DR1 with High d‐Penicillamine Binding to Monocytes in Females
Authors: Watanabe Hiroshi , Kelly Heath , Dawkins Roger L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBinding of d‐Penicillamine (d‐Pen) to human monocytes was examined by flow cytometry with fluorescent d‐Pen conjugate. Cells from HLA DR1‐positive healthy females bound significantly more d‐Pen than cells from DR1‐negative healthy females (P=0.015), and DR1 was associated with the highest binding among HLA DR antigens. In contrast, DR4 was associated with the lowest binding in healthy females. A difference in d‐Pen binding between healthy females who were DR1‐positive, DR4‐negative and those who were DR1‐negative, DR4‐positive was statistically significant (P=0.026). Neither healthy females nor healthy males showed significant associations of d‐Pen binding with HLA A, B, or C antigens, nor did healthy males show an association between strength of d‐Pen binding and any DR antigens.
Isolation and Characterization of Forespores from Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Watabe Kazuhito , Koshikawa Tomihiko , Yamazoe Mari , Ogawa Setsuko , Torii Mitsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA procedure for isolation of intact forespores from sporulating Bacillus megaterium cells was developed. The cells were digested with lysozyme and made to release free forespores from the protoplasts by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane with sonication in phosphate buffer containing 10% glycerol. The suitability of the procedure was confirmed by recovery of dipicolinic acid in the isolated forespores and an electron microscopic observation. The fine structure of the forespores prepared at 6 hr (t6) after initiation of sporulation was similar to that of mature spores, except that the cortex layer and primordial cell wall were thinner and the core was larger. The density, determined by density gradient centrifugation, of the forespores isolated at t6, t10, t12, and mature spores was estimated to be 1.2783, 1.2875, 1.2861, and 1.2858, respectively. The isolated forespores at t6 and t8 were extremely heat labile (D80 of 9.5 and 21.5 min, respectively) relative to mature spores (D80 of 277.8 min). These forespores were also less resistant to organic solvents. Germination of the forespores as well as mature spores was induced by KNO3, d‐glucose, and l‐leucine. Forespores at t6 were more sensitive to KNO3‐induced germination than those at t10, t12, and mature spores when measured by reduction in the optical density of cell suspension.
A Simple Metachromatic and Fluorescent Staining Method for Microorganisms Using Carbocyanine Dye
Authors: Umeda Masaru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe cationic carbocyanine dye, 1‐ethyl‐2‐[3‐(1‐ethylnaphtho[1, 2d]‐thiazolin‐2‐ylidene)‐2‐methylpropenyl]‐naphtho[1, 2d]thiazolium bromide, interacts with several classes of anionic polymers, exhibiting metachromasia. We were able to stain various kinds of microorganisms with this dye. Gram‐negative bacteria were stained reddish purple, while Gram‐positive bacteria were stained violet or bluish purple. Stains of molds were of various colors. Yeast vegetative cells were stained reddish purple, but zygotic asci were bluish. Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions, which are surrounded by cytoplasmic membranes, were also stained red. Microorganism and cell stains have different features and can be identified also by use of fluorescent microscopy. The new staining method we report here is rapid and simple enough for routine microscopical examinations of smears of clinical specimens including microorganisms.
Detection of Cross‐Reactive Antibody to BLV p24 in Sera of Human Patients Infected with HTLV
Authors: Onuma Misao , Tsukiyama Kyoko , Ohya Ken‐Ichi , Morishima Yasuo , Ohno Ryuzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor detection of antibody to bovine leukemia virus (BLV) major core protein of p24 and cross‐reactive antibody in human patients infected with human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV‐I), monoclonal antibody, D432 against BLV p24 was used by competitive binding enzyme‐linked immunoadsorbed assay (ELISA). In sera from cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) which were positive for BLV antibodies by immunodiffusion test, 109 out of 112 (97.3%) were positive for BLV p24 antibody by competitive binding ELISA. By using the same procedures, 21 samples from adult T cell leukemia (ATL) patients and healthy carriers with HTLV‐I were tested for cross‐reactive antibody to BLV p24. All 21 samples were positive for HTLV‐I antibodies by immunofluorescence test and/or ELISA. By competitive binding ELISA using non‐treated BLV antigens, none of these 21 samples inhibited the binding of the D432. When the BLV antigen was treated by several different denaturation procedures, several HTLV‐I positive samples showed the inhibition of the D432 binding and the most effective treatment was by 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME). Sixteen out of 21 samples showed the presence of cross‐reactive antibody against 2‐ME‐treated BLV antigens. The cross‐reactivity of human sample to BLV p24 antigen was further confirmed by Western blotting of the 2‐ME‐treated BLV antigens. None of the 28 samples from leukemia patients other than ATL which were negative for HTLV‐I antibodies showed inhibition of the D432 by the competitive binding ELISA.
Modulation of IgE Synthesis by IgE‐Binding Factors Released by T Cells of Asthmatic Patients with Elevated Serum IgE
Authors: Yanagihara Yukiyoshi , Kajiwara Keiichi , Kiniwa Mamoru , Kamisaki Toshiaki , Yui Yasuo , Shida Takao , Delespesse Guy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe culture supernatants of unstimulated T cells (TCS) from asthmatic patients with elevated serum IgE were tested for IgE‐binding factors (IgE‐BFs) displaying the IgE‐potentiating activity. The IgE‐BFs were detected by their ability to inhibit the rosetting of RPMI 8866 cells with ox erythrocytes coupled with mouse monoclonal antibody (E‐Mab) specific to Fc receptors for IgE (FcεR). TCS showing the rosette‐inhibiting activity significantly enhanced the spontaneous IgE synthesis by B cells of allergic individuals. Interestingly, rosette‐inhibiting factors could be removed by absorption with IgE‐Sepharose from which they were subsequently eluated with acid buffer, indicating that the rosette inhibition was indeed mediated by IgE‐BFs. In addition, such IgE‐BFs had affinity for concanavalin A and lost their IgE‐potentiating activity after treatment with trypsin and neuraminidase. In contrast, T cells treated with tunicamycin released IgE‐suppressing factors capable of inhibiting the IgE‐potentiating activity of TCS derived from untreated T cells. On the other hand, the culture supernatants from subpopulations depleted of FcεR+ T cells but not of FcγR+ T cells contained neither rosette‐inhibiting factors nor IgE‐potentiating factors, suggesting that IgE‐BFs were released by in vivo pre‐activated FcεR+ T cells. With regard to circulating FcεR+ T cells determined by E‐Mab, they were significantly higher in asthmatic patients with elevated serum IgE (0.77 ±0.15%) than in normal subjects (0.17±0.07%) in spite of a very small proportion of T cells bearing FcεR.
Interleukin 1 Production and Accessory Cell Function of Rat Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Mineral Dust Particles
Authors: Oghiso Yoichi , Kubota Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImmunostimulatory effects of respirable mineral dust particles on alveolar macrophages (AM) and T lymphocytes were tested in vitro. When rat AM were incubated with fibrogenic silica and asbestos particles, a significant interleukin 1 (IL‐1) activity was generated into the culture supernatants, whereas neither AM alone nor AM incubated with non‐fibrogenic titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles, however, produced a detectable amount of IL‐1. Interleukin 2 (IL‐2) activity, as tested with IL‐2‐dependent CTLL‐2 assays, was not detectable from all of these cultures. It was also revealed that concanavalin A‐induced proliferation of T lymphocytes was enhanced in autologous AM and nylon wool‐passed spleen cell co‐cultures incubated only with fibrogenic particles, but not with non‐fibrogenic particles. Higher IL‐1 activity was detected only from co‐cultures exposed to fibrogenic particles, whereas IL‐2 activity was almost similar among these co‐cultures. These results indicate the differences in immunostimulatory effects on pulmonary macrophages and T lymphocytes among a variety of mineral dust particles.
Leukotoxic Activity in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans Isolated from Periodontal Disease Patients
Authors: Ohta Hiroyuki , Kokeguchi Susumu , Fukui Kazuhiro , Kato Keijiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLeukotoxic activity in Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans isolated from patients with rapidly progressive periodontitis (RP), gingivitis (G), and juvenile periodontitis (JP), and several oral bacteria, was determined by observation of morphological changes in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Many A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates yielded both rough‐surfaced and umbonate‐shaped colonies (A‐type), and smooth‐surfaced and convex‐shaped colonies (B‐type), when stock cultures were streaked on agar medium. Both types of cells were identical in terms of Gram stain, cell morphology, sugar fermentation profile, nitrate reduction and cellular fatty acid composition. Sonic extracts were prepared from 32 A. actinomycetemcomitans strains isolated from patients and from 3 American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains. Sonic extracts from 8 isolates and 2 ATCC strains induced sphering of PMNs during a 45–50 min period of incubation at 37 C. Extracts from the other oral bacteria had no effects on PMN morphology. The sphered PMNs were found by their fluorochromatic‐negative reactions to be damaged cells. The leukotoxic substance was heat‐sensitive (56 C, 30 min), trypsin‐sensitive and did not induce sphering of PMNs at 4 C. There was no clear correlation between colony type and leukotoxicity. Among 8 leukotoxic strains, 5 were isolates from an RP patient.
Immune Response to Toxoplasma gondii—Alteration of Antigen Specificity of Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Proliferative Responses in Acute Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Yano Akihiko , Aosai Fumie , Yamashita Keizo , Sugane Kazuo , Hayashi Shigeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUltrasonicated Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) tachyzoite extract was chromatographed on Sephadex G‐200, and one main peak (93,000 M.W.) and three small peaks (> 160,000 M.W., 110,000 M.W., and 20,000 M.W.) were eluted. Toxoplasma‐specific proliferative T cell responses of peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from a patient with acute toxoplasmosis caused by accidental injection of tachyzoites of the protozoa were sequentially examined by using these fractioned antigens. As early as one week after the accidental injection of the protozoa, significant proliferative responses of PBL could be detected. The reaction of proliferative T cells was observed occurring mainly with Fr. II antigen. Then T cells began to respond to Fr. I and III in addition to Fr. II 3 weeks after the injection. Thus, expansion of antigen specificity in Toxoplasma‐specific T cell responses was observed at the initial stage of acquired acute toxoplasmosis.
Immunogenetic Analysis of Tolerance Induction in Anti‐Alloantigen Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Responses by Portal Venous Pre‐Inoculation with Allogeneic Cells
Authors: Shimizu Jun , Ogata Masato , Qian Jia‐Hua , Sato Sohichiro , Kokudo Shuhei , Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Fujiwara Hiromi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present study investigates some of the immunogenetic bases for tolerance of anti‐allo‐delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses as induced by pre‐inoculating allogeneic cells via portal venous (p.v.) route. BALB/c mice were injected with totally allogeneic C57BL/6 or H‐2 incompatible BALB.B spleen cells via p.v. route. These mice not only failed to exhibit anti‐H‐2b DTH responses, but also abrogated the potential to generate H‐2b‐specific DTH responses as induced by the subsequent immunization with H‐2b spleen cells via subcutaneous (s.c.) route. The p.v. presensitization with allogeneic spleen cells differing at either class I or class II of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) resulted in the tolerance induction of DTH responses to the respective allogeneic class I or class II MHC antigens. Moreover, the p.v. administration of the class I‐positive allogeneic cell fraction depleted of class II‐positive component into recipients differing at both class I and class II was capable of inducing anti‐class I DTH tolerance. These results indicate that anti‐allo‐class I or class II DTH tolerance can be induced independently and that the existence of class II antigens on p.v.‐presensitized cells is not necessarily required for the tolerance induction of anti‐allo‐class I DTH response.
The Effect of Biological Response Modifiers on Chronic and Latent Murine Cytomegalovirus Infections
Authors: Okada Masanobu , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHost‐mediated antiviral effect of 2 biological response modifiers (BRM), OK‐432, and PS‐K, against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was evaluated in chronically or latently infected mice. In the early stage of chronic MCMV infection, the BRM‐induced resistance was evidenced by decrease in infectious viruses replicated in the salivary glands and by augmented cytotoxic activity of the spleen cells against YAC‐1 cells and MCMV‐infected mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). In the late stage of chronic MCMV infection, the BRM treatment did not eliminate MCMV from the mice, but did prevent exacerbation of MCMV infection in the salivary glands induced by administration of cyclophosphamide (CY). In mice latently infected by MCMV, BRM treatment suppressed CY‐induced reactivation of MCMV in the salivary glands. It was suggested that the antiviral effect of BRM against MCMV in chronically or latently infected mice was based on activation of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).
Increase in Intradermal Vascular Permeability Caused by Pertussis Toxin from Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Sakuma Shin , Imagawa Yoshitaka , Tokunaga Eiji , Ohtomo Nobuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRabbits that were injected intradermally with pertussis toxin (PT), produced from Bordetella pertussis, showed slight edema and erythema at the injection sites, but not hemorrhage nor necrosis. The edema lesions were stained blue by the intravenous injection of Pontamine Sky Blue 6B dye, suggesting that PT caused increased vascular permeability, similarly to the permeability factor (PF) of cholera toxin. The reaction of the PF of PT could be determined by measuring the diameter of the blue area. The diameter of the blue area bore a good linear relationship to the logarithm of the dose of PT. The activity of the PF was neutralized by anti‐PT rabbit serum. Detoxification of PT with formalin did not increase the vascular permeability, but reverted pertussis toxoid showed a PF reaction in proportion to the reverted leukocytosis‐promoting and histamine‐sensitizing activities of PT. The supernate of a Bordetella pertussis culture also induced a PF reaction and the reaction could be made clear by heating the supernate at 56 C for 30 min, but the supernate of Bordetella bronchiseptica did not induce the reaction at all.
Human T‐Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines with High and Low Abilities to Produce Interferon‐Gamma Constitutively and Their Susceptibilities to Interferon
Authors: Matsuyama Masako , Sugamura Kazuo , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA human T‐lymphoblastoid cell line, TCL‐Fuj, produces large amounts of interferon (IFN)‐γ constitutively. A variant cell line, 2M, was derived from it. Both cell lines express similar surface antigen markers, but differ in surface morphology. Compared with the parent TCL‐Fuj cell line, 2M produced less IFN‐γ constitutively but more in response to IFN inducers. The IFNs produced constitutively and on stimulation with inducers were analyzed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In TCL‐Fuj cells, the constitutive and induced IFNs consisted of the same molecular species (22K and 39K). In 2M cells, smaller IFNs were produced constitutively (18K and 32K) and induction resulted in a marked increase of 22K molecules. These two cell lines also differed in sensitivity to the antiviral activity of IFN. Other T‐lymphoblastoid cell lines, HPB‐ALL and TCL‐Fuj 4 cells, which did not produce IFN‐γ were permissive for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication; its growth was markedly suppressed by IFN‐γ and ‐α. TCL‐Fuj cells were also permissive for VSV, but were not susceptible to the antiviral effect of the IFNs. In contrast, in 2M cells the multiplication of VSV was restricted; the viral yield was further reduced by the IFNs and increased by treatment with anti‐human IFN‐γ serum. Several clonal cell lines derived from TCL‐Fuj and 2M cells had characteristics similar to the respective parent cell lines. The growth of both cell lines was not affected by IFN‐γ or by ‐α. The separation of antiviral and anti‐proliferative susceptibilities was peculiar to 2M cells unlike other cell lines.
Demonstration of Cross‐Reactive Antibodies to Mycoplasmas in Human Sera by ELISA and Immunoblotting
Authors: Sasaki Tuguo , Bonissol Christiane , Stoiljkovic Bob , Ito Kenichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVarying levels of cross‐reactivity to some mycoplasma species were observed in the sera of patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and even in normal human sera by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The absorption of the patients' sera with M. pneumoniae lysate showed the decrease in ELISA titers not only to M. pneumoniae, but also to other mycoplasma species. These results suggested the existence of cross‐reactive antibodies to mycoplasmas in human sera. Cross‐reactive antibodies to M. pneumoniae and other mycoplasmas in the patients' sera were also demonstrated by Western blotting technique.
Application of a New Medium Supplement for Propagation and Storage of Human Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Okada Masanobu , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new medium supplement, NU‐SERUM, was evaluated for cultivation of human embryonic lung fibloblasts (HEL) and for propagation and storage of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). NU‐SERUM was comparable to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in promoting rapid growth of HEL if they were seeded at a sufficient density. HCMV replicated quite satisfactorily in HEL cultured with media supplemented with NU‐SERUM as well as FBS. Inactivation of HCMV at 37 C occurred similarly when the medium contained FBS or NU‐SERUM. However, at —70 C, HCMV was less stable in NU‐SERUM‐containing medium than in FBS‐containing medium. Sorbitol added to the NU‐SERUM‐containing medium improved the unstableness of HCMV at —70 C, and HCMV was storable with such medium. Thus, NU‐SERUM is useful as an alternative to FBS not only for growth of HEL but also for propagation and storage of HCMV.
2‐Mercaptoethanol Acts as a Potentiating Factor of Interleukin‐2‐Dependent Lymphocyte Proliferation
Authors: Sugama Kazushige , Namba Yuziro , Hatanaka Masakazu , Hanaoka Masao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) dependent cell line which could be grown continuously with crude concanavalin A‐stimulated rat or mouse spleen cell culture supernatant could not survive for over 48 hr in the culture medium supplemented with partially purified or recombinant IL‐2. The cell growth was restored by adding another factor obtained from the same crude culture supernatant. This potentiating activity which was physicochemically inseparable from serum albumin was also obtained from the culture medium containing 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) and incubated at 37 C for 24 hr without the spleen cells. By further experiments, it was demonstrated that 2‐ME itself had the potentiating activity on the IL‐2‐dependent proliferation of this cell line and cysteine mediated the activity of 2‐ME. The cells could not enter S‐phase in the absence of 2‐ME even in the presence of IL‐2.
Studies on the Classification of Bovine Enteroviruses
Authors: Urakawa Toyohiko , Shingu Masahisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBovine enteroviruses isolated from cattle and other ruminants in various areas of the world were classified into three distinct serotypes by cross‐neutralization tests using criteria established for the differentiation of human enteroviruses. According to Western blot analysis, however, immunodominant structural polypeptides VP1 of the viruses tested have common epitopes, recognized by antisera to each of the three serotypes. These findings indicate that non‐neutralizing epitopes on VP1 are generally conserved. It is, therefore, conjectured that bovine enteroviruses were derived from a common ancestor.
The Origin of Antibody‐Forming Cells Detected in the Bone Marrow after Thymus‐Independent Antigen‐Stimulation and Abnormality in Migration of B Cells of X‐Linked Immunodeficient CBA/N Mice
Authors: Miyake Kensuke , Hayashi Shin‐Ichi , Ono Shiro , Hamaoka Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe anti‐TNP IgM plaque‐forming cells (PFC) were generated in the spleen and bone marrow of non‐immunodeficient normal mice after intraperitoneal administration of TNP‐LPS. Irradiation of normal mice while shielding bone marrow completely abrogated the generation of bone marrow PFC, indicating that they are derived from extramedullary sites. The bone marrow PFC response to TNP‐LPS was low in X‐linked immunodeficient CBA/N strain mice, while the spleen response was comparable to that seen in the normal mice. To further study the basis of the deficient bone marrow PFC response in CBA/N mice, spleen cells were adoptively transferred to irradiated syngeneic mice stimulated with TNP‐LPS. While spleen cells from normal mice generated high numbers of PFC in recipient bone marrow and spleen, those from CBA/N strain mice could not generate bone marrow PFC. This result was obtained regardless of whether normal or CBA/N recipients were used. These results indicate that TNP‐LPS administration normally results in the migration of B lymphocytes from the periphery into the bone marrow and that B cells from immunodeficient CBA/N strain mice bear an inherent defect in this migratory function. This migratory defect was shown to be X‐linked, as are the other previously reported B cell defects in this inbred mouse strain. The possible relationship between this migratory defect and the maturational defects of B cell lineage as reported previously in CBA/N strain mice is discussed.
High Levels of IgA‐Containing Circulating Immune Complex and Secretory IgA in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Ohshio Gakuji , Furukawa Fukumi , Khine Myint , Yoshioka Hideyuki , Kudo Hiroyuki , Hamashima Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSera of patients with Kawasaki disease were studied for the levels of IgA‐containing (C3‐fixing) circulating immune complexes (IgA‐CIC), IgG‐containing (IgG‐) CIC, total IgA, secretory IgA, and complement component (C3) by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays or single radial immunodiffusion methods. There was significantly high level of IgA‐CIC, but not IgG‐CIC. The levels of total IgA, secretory IgA, and C3 were significantly elevated. Significantly high levels of secretory IgA were found in 22 (51%) of 43 patients. The proportion of secretory IgA to total IgA also increased. These abnormalities in the IgA system may play a role in Kawasaki disease.