bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Oxygen Activation for Injection and Production Profiling in the Kuparuk River Field
Authors: Scott H. D. , Pearson C. M. , Renke S. M. , McKeon D. C. , Meisenhelder J. P. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
The Kuparuk River field, located on the North Slope of Alaska, is one of the United States’ largest oil fields, producing approximately 300,000 BOPD. Initial development is on 160-acre well spacing with some 350 production and 270 injection wells. Production occurs from two horizons within the Kuparuk sandstone, referred to as the A and C sands. This situation requires the use of "selective single" completions that isolate the prolific C sands behind production tubing to enable fracture stimulation of the lower A sand and separate waterflooding of the two zones. The field has been under waterflood since 1983 and has experienced rapid buildup in water cut in C sand wells. During the past year, oxygen activation logging has been successfully applied to both injection and production wells to identify thief zones behind the production tubing and to provide important information to better manage the waterflood program.
A new method of using oxygen activation, the Water Flow Log (WFL*) service, provides the capability to trace water flow over a wide range of flow rates. The method is particularly well suited to measuring water flow in the tubing-casing annulus. Using a series of station measurements, it has been possible to measure water velocities up to 200 ft/min (1 m/s) at flow rates up to 4000 BWPD. Measurements have provided injection profiles to determine vertical conformance of the injection process. Similarly, water production profiles behind tubing have been recorded in several wells. In favorable cases, it has been possible to trace two parallel flowing water streams moving in the same direction and separated by production tubing.
Oxygen activation measurements are providing critical data for waterflood performance evaluation, assessment of ultimate recovery, and evaluation of the potential for infill drilling and enhanced recovery processes in the field. An operational benefit is that the need for radioactive tracer materials has been eliminated.
Examining the Association Between Comorbidity Indexes and Functional Status in Hospitalized Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries
Authors: Kumar Amit , Graham James E. , Resnik Linda , Karmarkar Amol M. , Deutsch Anne , Tan Alai , Al Snih Soham , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2015

Background
Medicare data from acute hospitals do not contain information on functional status. This lack of information limits the ability to conduct rehabilitation-related health services research.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between 5 comorbidity indexes derived from acute care claims data and functional status assessed at admission to an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF). Comorbidity indexes included tier comorbidity, Functional Comorbidity Index (FCI), Charlson Comorbidity Index, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index, and Hierarchical Condition Category (HCC).

Design
This was a retrospective cohort study.

Methods
Medicare beneficiaries with stroke, lower extremity joint replacement, and lower extremity fracture discharged to an IRF in 2011 were studied (N=105,441). Data from the beneficiary summary file, Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MedPAR) file, and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility–Patient Assessment Instrument (IRF-PAI) file were linked. Inpatient rehabilitation facility admission functional status was used as a proxy for acute hospital discharge functional status. Separate linear regression models for each impairment group were developed to assess the relationships between the comorbidity indexes and functional status. Base models included age, sex, race/ethnicity, disability, dual eligibility, and length of stay. Subsequent models included individual comorbidity indexes. Values of variance explained (R2) with each comorbidity index were compared.

Results
Base models explained 7.7% of the variance in motor function ratings for stroke, 3.8% for joint replacement, and 7.3% for fracture. The R2 increased marginally when comorbidity indexes were added to base models for stroke, joint replacement, and fracture: Charlson Comorbidity Index (0.4%, 0.5%, 0.3%), tier comorbidity (0.2%, 0.6%, 0.5%), FCI (0.4%, 1.2%, 1.6%), Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (1.2%, 1.9%, 3.5%), and HCC (2.2%, 2.1%, 2.8%).

Limitation
Patients from 3 impairment categories were included in the sample.

Conclusions
The 5 comorbidity indexes contributed little to predicting functional status. The indexes examined were not useful as proxies for functional status in the acute settings studied.
Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Individuals Implanted With Extracellular Matrix for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Injury: Case Series
Authors: Han Nami , Yabroudi Mohammad A. , Stearns-Reider Kristen , Helkowski Wendy , Sicari Brian M. , Rubin J. Peter , Badylak Stephen F. , Boninger Michael L. , Ambrosio Fabrisia 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundElectrodiagnosis can reveal the nerve and muscle changes following surgical placement of an extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffold for treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to characterize nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) changes following ECM bioscaffold placement in individuals with VML. The ability of presurgical NCS and EMG to be used as a tool to help identify candidates who are likely to display improvements postsurgically also was explored.DesignA longitudinal case series design was used.MethodsThe study was conducted at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. Eight individuals with a history of chronic VML participated. The intervention was surgical placement of an ECM bioscaffold at the site of VML. The strength of the affected region was measured using a handheld dynamometer, and electrophysiologic evaluation was conducted on the affected limb with standard method of NCS and EMG. All measurements were obtained the day before surgery and repeated 6 months after surgery.ResultsSeven of the 8 participants had a preoperative electrodiagnosis of incomplete mononeuropathy within the site of VML. After ECM treatment, 5 of the 8 participants showed improvements in NCS amplitude or needle EMG parameters. The presence of electrical activity within the scaffold remodeling site was concomitant with clinical improvement in muscle strength.LimitationsThis study had a small sample size, and participants served as their own controls. The electromyographers and physical therapists performing the evaluation were not blinded.ConclusionsElectrodiagnostic data provide objective evidence of physiological improvements in muscle function following ECM placement at sites of VML. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the potential of needle EMG as a predictor of successful outcomes following ECM treatment for VML.
Endoscopic graduated multiangle, multicorridor resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an individualized, tailored, multicorridor skull base approach
Authors: Liu James K. , Husain Qasim , Kanumuri Vivek , Khan Mohemmed N. , Mendelson Zachary S. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) are formidable tumors because of their hypervascularity and difficult location in the skull base. Traditional transfacial procedures do not always afford optimal visualization and illumination, resulting in significant morbidity and poor cosmesis. The advent of endoscopic procedures has allowed for resection of JNAs with greater surgical freedom and decreased incidence of facial deformity and scarring.

METHODS
This report describes a graduated multiangle, multicorridor, endoscopic approach to JNAs that is illustrated in 4 patients, each with a different tumor location and extent. Four different surgical corridors in varying combinations were used to resect JNAs, based on tumor size and location, including an ipsilateral endonasal approach (uninostril); a contralateral, transseptal approach (binostril); a sublabial, transmaxillary Caldwell-Luc approach; and an orbitozygomatic, extradural, transcavernous, infratemporal fossa approach (transcranial). One patient underwent resection via an ipsilateral endonasal uninostril approach (Corridor 1) only. One patient underwent a binostril approach that included an additional contralateral transseptal approach (Corridors 1 and 2). One patient underwent a binostril approach with an additional sublabial Caldwell-Luc approach for lateral extension in the infratemporal fossa (Corridors 1–3). One patient underwent a combined transcranial and endoscopic endonasal/sublabial Caldwell-Luc approach (Corridors 1–4) for an extensive JNA involving both the lateral infratemporal fossa and cavernous sinus.

RESULTS
A graduated multiangle, multicorridor approach was used in a stepwise fashion to allow for maximal surgical exposure and maneuverability for resection of JNAs. Gross-total resection was achieved in all 4 patients. One patient had a postoperative CSF leak that was successfully repaired endoscopically. One patient had a delayed local recurrence that was successfully resected endoscopically. There were no vascular complications.

CONCLUSIONS
An individualized, multiangle, multicorridor approach allows for safe and effective surgical customization of access for resection of JNAs depending on the size and exact location of the tumor. Combining the endoscopic endonasal approach with a transcranial approach via an orbitozygomatic, extradural, transcavernous approach may be considered in giant extensive JNAs that have intracranial extension and intimate involvement of the cavernous sinus.
Defensive medicine in neurosurgery: the Canadian experience
Authors: Smith Timothy R. , Hulou M. Maher , Yan Sandra C. , Cote David J. , Nahed Brian V. , Babu Maya A. , Das Sunit , Gormley William B. , Rutka James T. , Laws Edward R. , Heary Robert F. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Recent studies have examined the impact of perceived medicolegal risk and compared how this perception impacts defensive practices within the US. To date, there have been no published data on the practice of defensive medicine among neurosurgeons in Canada.

METHODS
An online survey containing 44 questions was sent to 170 Canadian neurosurgeons and used to measure Canadian neurosurgeons’ perception of liability risk and their practice of defensive medicine. The survey included questions on the following domains: surgeon demographics, patient characteristics, type of physician practice, surgeon liability profile, policy coverage, defensive behaviors, and perception of the liability environment. Survey responses were analyzed and summarized using counts and percentages.

RESULTS
A total of 75 neurosurgeons completed the survey, achieving an overall response rate of 44.1%. Over one-third (36.5%) of Canadian neurosurgeons paid less than $5000 for insurance annually. The majority (87%) of Canadian neurosurgeons felt confident with their insurance coverage, and 60% reported that they rarely felt the need to practice defensive medicine. The majority of the respondents reported that the perceived medicolegal risk environment has no bearing on their preferred practice location. Only 1 in 5 respondent Canadian neurosurgeons (21.8%) reported viewing patients as a potential lawsuit. Only 4.9% of respondents would have selected a different career based on current medicolegal risk factors, and only 4.1% view the cost of annual malpractice insurance as a major burden.

CONCLUSIONS
Canadian neurosurgeons perceive their medicolegal risk environment as more favorable and their patients as less likely to sue than their counterparts in the US do. Overall, Canadian neurosurgeons engage in fewer defensive medical behaviors than previously reported in the US.
Surgical management of hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant
Authors: Christian Eisha A. , Melamed Edward F. , Peck Edwin , Krieger Mark D. , McComb J. Gordon 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in the preterm infant remains a major neurological complication of prematurity. The authors first described insertion of a specially designed low-profile subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir for temporary management of hydrocephalus in 1983. This report presents the follow-up experience with the surgical management of PHH in this population and describes outcomes both in infants who were stable for permanent shunt insertion and those initially temporized with a ventricular reservoir (VR) prior to permanent ventriculoperitoneal (VP)/ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt placement.

METHODS
A retrospective review was undertaken of the medical records of all premature infants surgically treated for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) between 1997 and 2012 at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles.

RESULTS
Over 14 years, 91 preterm infants with PHH were identified. Fifty neonates received temporizing measures via a VR that was serially tapped for varying time periods. For the remaining 41 premature infants, VP/VA shunt placement was the first procedure. Patients with a temporizing measure as their initial procedure had undergone CSF diversion significantly earlier in life than those who had permanent shunting as the initial procedure (29 vs 56 days after birth, p < 0.01). Of the infants with a VR as their initial procedure, 5/50 (10%) did not undergo subsequent VP/VA shunt placement. The number of shunt revisions and the rates of loculated hydrocephalus and shunt infection did not statistically differ between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with initial VR insertion as a temporizing measure received a CSF diversion procedure significantly earlier than those who received a permanent shunt as their initial procedure. Otherwise, the outcomes with regard to shunt revisions, loculated hydrocephalus, and shunt infection were not different for the 2 groups.
Noninvasive measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow using an ultrasonic transit time flow sensor: a preliminary study
Authors: Pennell Thomas , Yi Juneyoung L. , Kaufman Bruce A. , Krishnamurthy Satish 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Mechanical failure—which is the primary cause of CSF shunt malfunction—is not readily diagnosed, and the specific reasons for mechanical failure are not easily discerned. Prior attempts to measure CSF flow noninvasively have lacked the ability to either quantitatively or qualitatively obtain data. To address these needs, this preliminary study evaluates an ultrasonic transit time flow sensor in pediatric and adult patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs). One goal was to confirm the stated accuracy of the sensor in a clinical setting. A second goal was to observe the sensor’s capability to record real-time continuous CSF flow. The final goal was to observe recordings during instances of flow blockage or lack of flow in order to determine the sensor’s ability to identify these changes.

METHODS
A total of 5 pediatric and 11 adult patients who had received EVDs for the treatment of hydrocephalus were studied in a hospital setting. The primary EVD was connected to a secondary study EVD that contained a fluid-filled pressure transducer and an in-line transit time flow sensor. Comparisons were made between the weight of the drainage bag and the flow measured via the sensor in order to confirm its accuracy. Data from the pressure transducer and the flow sensor were recorded continuously at 100 Hz for a period of 24 hours by a data acquisition system, while the hourly CSF flow into the drip chamber was recorded manually. Changes in the patient’s neurological status and their time points were noted.

RESULTS
The flow sensor demonstrated a proven accuracy of ± 15% or ± 2 ml/hr. The flow sensor allowed real-time continuous flow waveform data recordings. Dynamic analysis of CSF flow waveforms allowed the calculation of the pressure-volume index. Lastly, the sensor was able to diagnose a blocked catheter and distinguish between the blockage and lack of flow.

CONCLUSIONS
The Transonic flow sensor accurately measures CSF output within ± 15% or ± 2 ml/hr, diagnoses the blockage or lack of flow, and records real-time continuous flow data in patients with EVDs. Calculations of a wide variety of diagnostic parameters can be made from the waveform recordings, including resistance and compliance of the ventricular catheters and the compliance of the brain. The sensor’s clinical applications may be of particular importance to the noninvasive diagnosis of shunt malfunctions with the development of an implantable device.
Variations in atmospheric dust loading since AD 1951 recorded in an ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Wangbin , Hou Shugui , An Wenling , Zhou Liya , Pang Hongxi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn ice core was extracted from the Zangser Kangri (ZK) ice field in the northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP), a location with limited instrumental and proxy records. In this paper, we present a continuous high–resolution dust concentration time series spanning the period AD 1951-2008 to investigate variations in atmospheric dust loading over the NTP. The results show that atmospheric dust loading exhibited significant decadal variations, with two periods of high dust loading (AD 1959–67 and AD 1979–89) and three periods of relatively low loading (AD 1951-58, AD 1968–78 and AD 1990–2008). The variability of atmospheric dust loading was related to wind speed at 500 hPa over the dust source regions. The winter Arctic Oscillation (AO) index showed a significant negative correlation with the annual dust concentration, implying a possible connection between the winter AO and the atmospheric dust loading over the NTP.
The spatiotemporal pattern of earthworm community in the grass savannas of Lamto (Ivory Coast)
Authors: Rossi Jean-Pierre , Lavelle Patrick 
Published: November 2015

The impact of earthworms on both soil physical properties and soil organic matter dynamics has been well documented (Lavelle and Spain 2001). There is a wealth of literature dedicated to the biological mechanisms at work or to empirical approaches based on field data. Assessing the functional role of a species or community implies establishing both time and space scales at which it is effectively the primary determinant of the process(es) at hand. In that context, space-time data analyses are powerful tools to process community data collected on numerous occasions but are, however, not widely disseminated in the community of ecologists. Although computer resources are available, one difficulty is that ad hoc field data are not always easily available which hinders the percolation of the methods.
We provide the results of a 5 dates survey of earthworm community in a grass savanna of Lamto (Ivory Coast) conducted between 1995 and 1997. At each sampling date, earthworm community was assessed by hand-sorting a set of 100 soil monoliths distributed on a regular grid of 5 m mesh. These data were analyzed in Rossi (2003a) and are published here with the aim that they could be reanalyzed using new statistical tools (e.g. MEM analyses see Jiménez et al. 2014) or serve as example for researchers that train on space-time statistical methods.
Un atoll emblématique des risques environnementaux ? Funafuti (archipel de Tuvalu) entre menace planétaire et contraintes quotidiennes
Authors: Rufin-Soler Caroline , Lageat Yannick 
Published: November 2015

Sur la disparition programmée de Tuvalu se sont accordées doxa scientifique et rumeur médiatique : l'élévation du niveau marin ne peut, par la submersion de cet archipel, qu'apporter la preuve dirimante d'un changement climatique global. Cette disparition considérée comme inexorable a déjà conduit à s'interroger sur la réalité juridique d'un État déterritorialisé et sur l'identité d'une communauté condamnée à l'exil. Peut-on imaginer un décalage plus flagrant entre les fantasmes qu'inspirent la destinée de ces neuf îles coralliennes et le quotidien de ses habitants ? Plus que la perspective d'une inéluctable élévation du niveau marin, et d'un exode forcé, leurs préoccupations immédiates se portent sur les déficits pluviométriques, sur la surabondance des déchets ménagers, sur la salinisation et la pollution de la lentille d'eau douce, autant de contraintes auxquelles se trouve, en particulier, confrontée l'île-capitale qui rassemble désormais plus de 5 000 habitants sur moins de 150 hectares. Abreuvés de prévisions alarmistes, les Tuvaluans se refusent néanmoins à se projeter à la fin du XXI e siècle quand ils seraient inéluctablement appelés à devenir les premiers « réfugiés climatiques », et, s'ils marquent un fort attachement à leur territoire, ils sont encore loin de se mobiliser pour surmonter les difficultés présentes qu'ils y vivent, loin de l'image idyllique associée aux îles atolliennes.
Une famille de mesures d'intégration internationale des territoires. Applications aux cas du commerce international (1995-2007) et de la diffusion des pièces euros étrangères en France (2002-2011)
Authors: Grasland Claude , Le Texier Marion 
Published: November 2015

Comment mesurer le degré d'intégration internationale des territoires (villes, régions ou pays) dans une perspective comparative, dans le temps ou l'espace ? Les auteurs suggèrent dans un premier temps de décomposer le concept en trois dimensions complémentaires : (i) les indicateurs d'intensité de l'intégration internationale qui mesurent la part des relations internationales par rapport à l'ensemble des relations nouées par un territoire ; (ii) les indicateurs de diversité de l'intégration internationale qui mesurent le degré de dispersion des relations internationales d'un lieu, toutes choses égales quant à leur intensité ; (iii) les indicateurs de portée de l'intégration internationale qui évaluent le poids relatif des relations internationales mettant en jeu des lieux proches ou éloignés. Ils proposent, dans un second temps, une méthode de filtrage par modèle gravitaire permettant de distinguer des relations internationales « banales » et des relations internationales « spécifiques ».
Une opération d’utilité publique au service d’intérêts privés : l’exemple de la création du quartier Mazarin d’Aix (1646-1750)
Authors: Puget Julien 
Published: November 2015

Les villes européennes connaissent à l’époque moderne un mouvement de croissance généralisée. L’historiographie urbaine de ces vingt dernières années a bien souligné le rôle moteur joué par les communautés ecclésiastiques dans cette effervescence constructrice. L’importance de la pierre au sein de leur patrimoine, et le recours massif à des formes dissociées de la propriété pour mettre en valeur leur capital, ont constitué des facteurs décisifs dans la fabrique de la ville d’Ancien Régime. Cependant, il ne nous avait pas encore été possible d’apprécier ces pratiques de lotissement à l’échelle d’une ville entière. Le cas de l’agrandissement d’Aix de 1646 mené par l’archevêque Mazarin permet de combler cette lacune. Par l’étude croisée du cadre administratif déployé, et des contrats de vente des différentes parcelles, il nous est permis d’envisager ici la complexité des motivations sous-tendant un projet qui oscille entre utilité publique et enrichissement personnel.