bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family ownership logic: Framing the core characteristics of family businesses
Authors: Brundin Ethel , Samuelsson Emilia Florin , Melin Leif 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this article we show how specific family business logic shapes managerial practices. Based on empirical material from 20 case studies of family ownership governance, our study identifies seven core characteristics of family ownership logic. These include active, visible and persistent ownership with few owners, relatively stable strategic development encompassing multiple ownership goals, autonomy towards capital markets, and a strong identification and emotional bonding with the business. By considering the family business context, we find managerial practices that are prevalent in the majority of businesses around the world and that have implications for ownership research. It is concluded that by taking the logic of ownership into consideration when studying family businesses, researchers in this field can contribute to the growing literature on sociocultural and behavioural factors in corporate governance relations.
Risk factors forEscherichia coliO157 shedding and super-shedding by dairy heifers at pasture
Authors: WILLIAMS K. J. , WARD M. P. , DHUNGYEL O. P. , HALL E. J. S. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYWe undertook a longitudinal study within a cohort of 52 dairy heifers maintained under constant management systems and sampled weekly to investigate a comprehensive range of risk factors which may influence shedding or super-shedding ofE. coliO157 (detected by direct faecal culture and immunomagnetic separation).E. coliO157 was detected from 416/933 (44·6%) samples (faeces and recto-anal mucosal swabs) and 32 (3·4%) samples enumerated at >10000 c.f.u./g. Weekly point prevalence ranged from 9·4% to 94·3%. Higher temperature (P < 0·001), rainfall (P = 0·02), relative humidity (P < 0·001), pasture growth (P = 0·013) and body score (P = 0·029) were positively associated with increased shedding. Higher rainfall (P < 0·001), hide contamination (P = 0·002) and increased faecal consistency (P = 0·023) were positively associated with super-shedding. Increased solar exposure had a negative effect on both shedding and super-shedding within bivariate analyses but in the final multivariate model for shedding demonstrated a positive effect (P = 0·017). Results suggest that environmental factors are important inE. coliO157 shedding in cattle.
International Financialization and the Systemic Approach to International Financing for Development
Authors: Garcia‐Arias Jorge 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article is divided into three parts. The first section analyzes some narratives of international financialization and shows how the most relevant element of this process from the developing world's perspective (i.e. international financial liberalization) has generated significant costs for all of these economies. The second section analyzes why the element that would theoretically provide the most important advantage in terms of international financialization for the developing world (i.e. the establishment of a substantial, stable and predictable system of financing for development) has not been put into practice. Finally, the article analyzes the connection between the two issues (international financialization and international financing for development) in the context of a center–periphery financialization model, and establishes the need for its wholesale reform. This article goes on to propose the modification of some of the central elements of the international financialization process in the dimension most closely linked to development, and the adoption of a systemic approach to international financing for development (SAIFfD).
CYP2D6‐Inhibiting Drugs and the Increased Risk of Fall‐Related Injuries Due to Newly Initiated Opioid Treatment – ASwedish, Register‐Based Case‐Crossover Study
Authors: Möller Jette , Laflamme Lucie , Söderberg Löfdal Karin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt has been shown that newly initiated opioid therapy increases the risk of fall‐related injuries. Yet, it remains to be determined whether drug–drug interactions can affect this negative effect, for instance with drugs inhibiting cytochromeP4502D6 (CYP2D6) that metabolizes codeine and also has a partial effect on tramadol and oxycodone. Our aim was to investigate howCYP2D6‐inhibiting drugs contribute to explaining the risk of fall‐related injuries for newly initiated opioid treatments with codeine, tramadol or oxycodone. Data from aSwedish national case‐cross over study were revisited. This study identified a total of 167,257 fall‐related injuries leading to hospitalization that occurred between 1May 2006 and 31December 2009 and linked information about dispensed drugs to them. Use of newly dispensed opioids in the 28 days before fall‐related injury with and withoutCYP2D6‐inhibiting drugs was compared with an earlier control period. For codeine, there was a two‐times increased risk with concomitantCYP2D6‐inhibiting drug use (OR, 1.76; 95%CI1.40–2.20) and a three‐times risk increase without (OR, 3.17; 95%CI2.88–3.50). For tramadol, the risks were doubled whenCYP2D6‐inhibiting drugs were used (OR, 2.19; 95%CI1.84–2.60) and tripled without their use (OR, 3.04; 95%CI2.82–3.27). The risks were about the same for oxycodone, morphine, fentanyl and buprenorphine irrespective ofCYP2D6‐inhibiting drug use. In newly initiated opioid therapies, drug–drug interactions from concomitant use ofCYP2D6‐inhibiting drugs are associated with a lower risk of fall‐related injury for codeine and tramadol that undergo metabolism viaCYP2D6, but not for other opioids.
The effectiveness of online instructional videos in the acquisition and demonstration of cognitive, affective and psychomotor rehabilitation skills
Authors: Cooper Darren , Higgins Steve 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe use of instructional videos to teach clinical skills is an ever growing area of e‐learning based upon observational learning that is cited as one of the most basic yet powerful learning strategies. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of online instructional videos for the acquisition and demonstration of cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills among undergraduate students, throughout formative assessments with two different durations of instructional videos. The research suggests that the use of videos to support traditional learning should be encouraged. While a conclusive evidence—base for their usage has not yet been established they are a medium which is likely to benefit a proportion of a cohort, and it is very unlikely that they will be harmful to students' learning.
Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Poland—the NATPOL 2011 Study
Authors: Rutkowski M. , Bandosz P. , Czupryniak L. , Gaciong Z. , Solnica B. , Jasiel‐Wojculewicz H. , Wyrzykowski B. , Pencina M. J. , Zdrojewski T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsThe aim of the analysis was to assess the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Poland.MethodsA questionnaire survey on a representative sample of 2411 Polish adults, complemented by blood pressure, anthropometric and fasting plasma glucose measurements. The research was part of the national cross‐sectional NATPOL 2011 Study. Diabetes was assessed as self‐reported (diagnosed) or screened (fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 7 mmol/l, based on one blood draw).ResultsTotal prevalence of diabetes in 2011 was 6.7% (95% CI 5.6–7.9); 6.4% (95% CI 5.0–8.0) in women and 7.0% (95% CI 5.4–8.8) in men and did not change from 2002 (6.8%, 95% CI 95% CI 5.8–7.9). Over one quarter of individuals with diabetes were not aware of having the condition. Obesity, arterial hypertension and male gender were strong predictors of screened diabetes. Total prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in the surveyed population was 15.6% (95% CI 14.0–17.2).ConclusionsThe prevalence of diabetes in Poland is similar to that observed in other European populations and has not changed over the last decade. The fact that every fourth person with diabetes is unaware of the disease creates important opportunities for screening and detection of the disease.
Genomic additive and dominance variance of milk performance traits
Authors: Wittenburg D. , Melzer N. , Reinsch N. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryMilk performance traits are likely influenced by both additive and non‐additive (e.g. dominance) genetic effects. Genetic variation can be partitioned using genomic information. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic variance components of production and milk component traits (e.g. acetone, fatty acids), which are particularly important for milk processing or which can provide information on the health status of cows. A genomic relationship approach was applied to phenotypic and genetic information of 1295 Holstein cows for estimating additive genetic and dominance variance components. Most of the 17 investigated traits were mainly affected by additive genetic effects, but protein content and casein content also showed a significant contribution of dominance. The ratio of dominance to additive variance was estimated as 0.64 for protein content and 0.56 for casein content. This ratio was highest for SCS (1.36) although dominance was not significant. Dominance effects were negligible in other moderately heritable milk traits.
Distinct evolutionary histories of lowland biota on Italian and Balkan peninsulas revealed by the phylogeography of Arundo plinii (Poaceae)
Authors: Hardion Laurent , Baumel Alex , Verlaque Régine , Vila Bruno 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimAlthough recognized as hotspots of biodiversity, Mediterranean peninsulas have been poorly studied with regard to the evolutionary legacy of Quaternary environmental changes for endemic lowland biota. Using the phylogeography of the lowland Arundo plinii Turra (Poaceae), we evaluated two hypotheses regarding the genetic structure of southern European species, that there is: (H1) a decrease in regional genetic diversity with increasing latitude induced by past contractions towards southern refugia; and (H2) a strong differentiation between isolated refugia without a latitudinal gradient in genetic diversity.LocationItalian and Balkan peninsulas, Mediterranean Basin.MethodsArundo plinii from 59 localities across six geographical areas was analysed for three genetic markers: (1) five intergenic spacers (4590 bp) of plastid DNA, investigated by molecular dating and phylogeographical analyses; (2) six primer pairs (852 fragments) of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, analysed as indices of genetic structure and diversity; and (3) chromosome counts regarding the prevalence of polyploidy in the genus Arundo.ResultsChloroplast DNA and AFLP both described a gradient of genetic diversity in Italy, from the highest values in Sicily to uniform genetic clusters in northern Italy, versus relatively high genetic diversities in both northern and southern parts of the Balkans. Moreover, they supported a strong genetic differentiation between the two peninsulas, despite the distinction of one admixed genotype located in Croatia. Polyploid events were detected in northern and southern margins of the species' distribution.Main conclusionsThe results support distinct Pleistocene evolutionary histories for A. plinii within the two peninsulas. In Italy, this species probably persisted mainly in southern regions (Calabria and Sicily) during the Pleistocene glaciations, leading to the more recent formation of the northern populations. Conversely, the Balkan populations probably persisted at different latitudes during the Pleistocene, as illustrated by the conservation of equivalent genetic diversities in both the northern and southern Balkans.
Historical biogeography of the predominantly Australian plant family Goodeniaceae
Authors: Jabaily Rachel S. , Shepherd Kelly A. , Gardner Andrew G. , Gustafsson Mats H. G. , Howarth Dianella G. , Motley Timothy J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimThe plant family Goodeniaceae includes 12 genera, largely restricted to Australia. They are a diverse and conspicuous element of the country's ecosystems and an important clade to consider in the effort to reconstruct the historical biogeography of this continent. We used a time‐calibrated molecular phylogeny to perform ancestral‐area reconstructions for the family, in order to: (1) determine its area of origin; (2) test whether vicariance played a role in the history of lineages occupying the south‐western and south‐eastern regions; (3) trace diversification processes in the central arid zone; and (4) trace potential eastward dispersals into the Pacific.LocationAustralia and the Pacific.MethodsWe employed a previously published molecular dataset to develop a time‐calibrated phylogeny for the Goodeniaceae using beast 1.6.1 with both primary and secondary node calibrations. Ancestral areas were reconstructed via both dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis (DEC) and statistical dispersal–vicariance analysis (S‐DIVA).ResultsThe Goodeniaceae split from Asteraceae + Calyceraceae c. 78 Ma, with the divergence of the Lechenaultia, Anthotium and Dampiera (LAD) clade from the remainder of the family c. 67 Ma. Although the geographical origin of the family is equivocal, the LAD clade originated in south‐western Australia, and the remainder of the family, especially Goodenia s.l., probably originated in the central Eremaean zone. The majority of Goodenia cladogenesis events occurred during the Miocene, with expansions to the north, south‐east and south‐west. The crown radiation of Scaevola s.l. occurred later, during the second half of the Miocene, and has involved several recent extra‐Australian dispersals into the Pacific.Main conclusionsAlthough it is unclear where in Australia the family originated, our results support a south‐western origin for the LAD clade and considerable diversification of some clades within Goodenia s.l. and Scaevola s.l. in that zone. A relative paucity of mid‐Miocene sister relationships between south‐western and south‐eastern lineages suggests that the occupants of these regions were not affected by contemporary vicariance events. Instead, our results suggest that the aridifying Eremaean zone was an important source and sink for lineages, especially in Goodenia s.l. Dispersal is inferred for the extra‐Australian lineages due to their recent origins.
Current infant feeding practices and impact on growth in babies during the second half of infancy
Authors: Bandara T. , Hettiarachchi M. , Liyanage C. , Amarasena S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundSri Lanka has made remarkable improvements in health, social and educational indices. However, child malnutrition exists as a significant health problem. Infant feeding indicators have not reached expected levels and improvements are partly constrained by a lack of data. The present study aimed to determine current infant feeding practices and their impact on growth among 6–12‐month‐old infants.MethodsThe study comprised a descriptive cross‐sectional investigation conducted in randomly selected (n = 7) Public Health Midwife areas in Galle, Sri Lanka. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographics and infant feeding. Mothers (n = 515) attending well‐baby clinics were recruited on voluntary and consecutive basis. Infants' body weights and lengths were measured using standard procedures.ResultsExclusive breastfeeding rate for first 6 months was 49.0%. In total, 42.6% infants (219 out of 515) were given rice as first weaning food, followed by salt (58.6%) and sugar (42.3%). Oil had been introduced to 84.9% of infants by the end of 12 months. Most infants (over 71%) were given dairy products, whereas 62.3% were being fed various liquid foods using bottles. The introduction of commercial infant cereals, chocolates, plain tea, ice cream and deep fried snacks was noted. Age‐specific body weight and length were not achieved by 30.5% and 29.5% of infants, respectively. Weight for length was not achieved by 25.5% of the infants. Delayed achievements of motor milestones were observed. Mothers’ knowledge scores on basic nutrients were low.ConclusionsComplementary feeding indices of the study group were not satisfactory. Maternal and child healthcare personnel need to identify causative factors for inappropriate feeding with a view to improve the complementary feeding patterns.
Discriminating between true and false intent among small cells of suspects
Authors: Sooniste Tuule , Granhag Pär Anders , Strömwall Leif A. , Vrij Aldert 
Published: June 2014

PurposeDespite high potential value for real‐life situations, detecting true and false intentions by groups of suspects have not been previously investigated.MethodThe experimental study had a set‐up in which participants (N = 232), half in dyads and half in quartets, planned for either a mock crime or a non‐criminal event. In structured individual interviews, all participants were asked one set of questions targeting their intentions (anticipated questions) and one set of questions targeting the planning phase of the intentions (unanticipated questions). We scored the level of detail and consistency in participants' interview responses.ResultsAs predicted, questions on the planning phase were perceived as unanticipated and difficult to answer by both liars and truth tellers. Truth tellers' answers to the question on intent were perceived as more detailed compared to the liars. Cells of truth tellers and liars achieved an equally high within‐group consistency for their answers to the questions on the stated intentions, whereas cells of truth tellers achieved a higher within‐group consistency for the answers to the questions on the planning phase. Finally, truth tellers' descriptions of their intentions contained more information related tohowto attain the stated goal, whereas liars gave more information related towhyit was necessary to attain the stated goal.ConclusionsAsking anticipated and unanticipated questions can be a successful way of eliciting cues to true and false intentions among small cells of suspects.
Successful crossings with early flowering transgenic poplar: interspecific crossings, but not transgenesis, promoted aberrant phenotypes in offspring
Authors: Hoenicka Hans , Lehnhardt Denise , Nilsson Ove , Hanelt Dieter , Fladung Matthias 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn forest tree species, the reproductive phase is reached only after many years or even decades of juvenile growth. Different early flowering systems based on the genetic transfer of heat‐shock promoter driven flowering‐time genes have been proposed for poplar; however, no fertile flowers were reported until now. Here, we studied flower and pollen development in both HSP::AtFT and wild‐type male poplar in detail and developed an optimized heat treatment protocol to obtain fertile HSP::AtFT flowers. Anthers from HSP::AtFT poplar flowers containing fertile pollen grains showed arrested development in stage 12 instead of reaching phase 13 as do wild‐type flowers. Pollen grains could be isolated under the binocular microscope and were used for intra‐ and interspecific crossings with wild‐type poplar. F1‐seedlings segregating the HSP::AtFT gene construct according to Mendelian laws were obtained. A comparison between intra‐ and interspecific crossings revealed that genetic transformation had no detrimental effects on F1‐seedlings. However, interspecific crossings, a broadly accepted breeding method, produced 47% seedlings with an aberrant phenotype. The early flowering system presented in this study opens new possibilities for accelerating breeding of poplar and other forest tree species. Fast breeding and the selection of transgene‐free plants, once the breeding process is concluded, can represent an attractive alternative even under very restrictive regulations.
Exploring natural selection to guide breeding for agriculture
Authors: Henry Robert James , Nevo Eviatar 
Published: June 2014

SummaryClimate change threatens reduced crop production and poses major challenges to food security. The breeding of climate‐resilient crop varieties is increasingly urgent. Wild plant populations evolve to cope with changes in their environment due to the forces of natural selection. This adaptation may be followed over time in populations at the same site or explored by examining differences between populations growing in different environments or across an environmental gradient. Survival in the wild has important differences to the objective of agriculture to maximize crop yields. However, understanding the nature of adaptation in wild populations at the whole genome level may suggest strategies for crop breeding to deliver agricultural production with more resilience to climate variability.
Intestinal Microbiota and Probiotics in Celiac Disease
Authors: de Sousa Moraes Luís Fernando , Grzeskowiak Lukasz Marcin , de Sales Teixeira Tatiana Fiche , Gouveia Peluzio Maria do Carmo 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY

Celiac disease (CD) is a common chronic autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten intake. To date, the only therapy for CD is the complete exclusion of dietary sources of grains and any food containing gluten. It has been hypothesized that the intestinal microbiota is somehow involved in CD. For this reason, probiotics are appearing as an interesting adjuvant in the dietetic management of CD. This review aims to discuss the characteristics of the microbiota in CD subjects and the use of probiotics as a novel therapy for CD. Comparisons between children with CD and controls show that their microbiota profiles differ; the former have fewer lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. Specific probiotics have been found to digest or alter gluten polypeptides. It has also been demonstrated that some bacterial species belonging to the genera
Lactobacillus
and
Bifidobacterium
exert protective properties on epithelial cells from damage caused by gliadin.
A cohort study to identify simple clinical tests for chronic respiratory failure in obese patients with sleep-disordered breathing
Authors: Mandal S , Suh E S , Boleat E , Asher W , Kamalanathan M , Lee K , Douiri A , Murphy P B , Steier J , Hart N 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundChronic respiratory failure complicating sleep-disordered breathing in obese patients has important adverse clinical implications in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilisation. Screening strategies are essential to identify obese patients with chronic respiratory failure.MethodProspective data were collected from patients with obesity-related sleep-disordered breathing admitted for respiratory assessment at a UK national sleep and ventilation centre. Hypercapnia was defined as an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of >6kPa.Results245 obese patients (56±13 years) with a body mass index of 48±12 kg/m2, forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.1±1.1 L, daytime oximetry (SpO2) of 91±6% and abnormal overnight oximetry were included in the analysis. Receiver operator curve analysis for the whole group showed that an FVC ≤3 L had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 41% in predicting hypercapnia, and an SpO2≤95% had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 63% in predicting hypercapnia. Gender differences were observed and receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated ‘cut-offs’ for (1) SpO2of ≤95% for men and ≤93% for women and (2) FVC of ≤3.5 L for men and ≤2.3 L for women, in predicting hypercapnia.ConclusionsThe measurement of FVC and clinic SpO2in obese patients with abnormal overnight limited respiratory studies predicted hypercapnia. This may have clinical utility in stratifying patients attending sleep clinics.