bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Thermal Properties of Carbon Materials above 2000 °C for Application in High Temperature Crystal Growth
Authors: Ihle Jonas , Wellmann Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work reports on the determination of the heat conductivity of high temperature stable carbon materials in the temperature range well above 2000 °C where classic material characterization methods fail. Dense graphite (DG) materials as well as rigid and soft felt isolation (RFI/SFI) components have been investigated which are used during crystal growth of SiC by the physical vapor transport method (PVT) in the temperature regime of 2000 and 2400 °C. The applied materials characterization methods include low temperature physical heat conductivity measurements using laser flash analysis (LFA) in the temperature range 25–1200 °C, data extrapolation to elevated temperatures up to 2400 °C, and a correlation of heating processes and computer simulation of the temperature field of different hot zone designs. Using this approach, the calculated temperatures and experimentally determined values with an error of less than ± 2% at 2400 °C can be merged.
An improved derivative‐based phase‐locked loop for single‐phase grid synchronization under abnormal grid conditions
Authors: Hassan Faridul , Kumar Dubey Alok , Kumar Amritesh , Pati Avadh 
Published: August 2024

SummaryGenerating a quadrature signal in a single‐phase system using a second‐order generalized integrator (SOGI) requires accurate frequency information. The standard SOGI phase‐locked loop (PLL) includes frequency feedback to the SOGI. However, during grid abnormalities such as voltage sag/swell and phase angle jumps, the SOGI‐PLL faces frequency disturbances that propagate to the phase detector (PD) and affects the quadrature signal generator (QSG). Furthermore, the SOGI‐PLL having two loops dependent on each other creates loop coupling phenomena; either a change in phase or frequency affects each other. SOGI‐PLL is tuning sensitive, as the SOGI block has a gain that needs to be adjusted, increases the complexity, and affects the performance of the system. There is a trade‐off between SOGI gain and PLL parameters that needs to be considered for adequate parameter design to provide accurate grid synchronization while maintaining the stability of the system. To attain better performance, researchers have proposed derivative‐based PLL (DPLL). The conventional DPLL faces challenges to noise and harmonics amplification. This paper presents an improved DPLL for single‐phase grid synchronization under adverse grid conditions. The improved derivative‐based PLL (IDPLL) comprises two improved derivative‐based quadrature signal generator (IDQSG) blocks to extract the phase‐error information for accurately estimating phase and frequency. The detailed mathematical modeling and bode plot for the IDQSG and IDPLL are presented. The proposed IDQSG eliminates the requirement of gain tuning, hence reducing complexity. Moreover, there is no interdependent loop in the IDPLL, which significantly improves the dynamic performance. A hardware setup is developed to evaluate the performance of the system in real‐time. The experimental results are obtained using an field programmable gate array (FPGA)‐based controller.
A novel peptide encoded by circ‐SLC9A6 promotes lipid dyshomeostasis through the regulation of H4K16ac‐mediated CD36 transcription in NAFLD
Authors: Wang Yue , Tian Xinyao , Wang Zhecheng , Liu Deshun , Zhao Xuzi , Sun Xin , Tu Zuoyu , Li Zekuan , Zhao Yan , Zheng Shusen , Yao Jihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAs the leading cause of end‐stage liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is mainly induced by lipid dyshomeostasis. The translation of endogenous circular RNAs (circRNAs) is closely related to the progression of various diseases, but the involvement of circRNAs in NAFLD has not been determined.MethodsCombined high‐throughput circRNA profiles were used to identify circRNAs with translational potential. The underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated by RNA sequencing, pull‐down/MS and site‐specific mutagenesis.ResultsIn this study, we focused on circ‐SLC9A6, an abnormally highly expressed circRNA in human and mouse liver tissue during NAFLD development that exacerbates metabolic dyshomeostasis in hepatocytes by encoding a novel peptide called SLC9A6‐126aa in vivo and in vitro. YTHDF2‐mediated degradation of m6A‐modified circ‐SLC9A6 was found to be essential for the regulation of SLC9A6‐126aa expression. We further found that the phosphorylation of SLC9A6‐126aa by AKT was crucial for its cytoplasmic localization and the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, whereas high‐fat stress induced substantial translocation of unphosphorylated SLC9A6‐126aa to the nucleus, resulting in a vicious cycle of lipid metabolic dysfunction. Nuclear SLC9A6‐126aa promotes transcriptional activation of the target gene CD36 and enhances its occupancy of the CD36 promoter locus by regulating MOF‐mediated histone H4K16 acetylation. Hepatic CD36 depletion significantly ameliorated hyperactivated MAPK signalling and lipid disturbance in SLC9A6‐126aa transgenic mice. Clinically, increasing levels of SLC9A6‐126aa were observed during NAFLD progression and were found to be positively correlated with the CD36 and MAPK cascades.ConclusionThis study revealed the role of circ‐SLC9A6‐derived SLC9A6‐126aa in the epigenetic modification‐mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. Our findings may provide promising therapeutic targets for NAFLD and new insights into the pathological mechanisms of metabolic diseases.Highlights
Under normal circumstances, driven by m6A modification, YTHDF2 directly recognizes and degrades circ‐SLC9A6, thereby inhibiting the translation of SLC9A6‐126aa.
Additionally, AKT1 phosphorylates and inhibits the nuclear translocation of SLC9A6‐126aa.
In NAFLD, lipid overload leads to YTHDF2 and AKT1 deficiency, ultimately increasing the expression and nuclear import of SLC9A6‐126aa.
Nuclear SLC9A6‐126aa binds directly to the CD36 promoter and initiates CD36 transcription, which induces lipid dyshomeostasis.
Optimization of node deployment in underwater internet of things using novel adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Simon Judy , Kapileswar Nellore , Padmavathi Baskaran , Devi Krishnamoorthy Durga , Kumar Polasi Phani 
Published: August 2024

SummaryOptimizing node deployment in the underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) poses significant challenges due to the complex and dynamic nature of underwater environments. This research introduces the adaptive long short‐term memory‐based egret swarm optimization algorithm (ALSTM‐ESOA), a novel approach designed to enhance network coverage and performance efficiently. Unlike traditional methods, ALSTM‐ESOA incorporates cognitive learning capabilities from long short‐term memory (LSTM) and dynamic adaptation strategies inspired by the hunting behaviors of egrets. The algorithm's effectiveness was tested through extensive simulations in MATLAB, demonstrating notable improvements over existing models: network throughput increased by up to 55.56%, deployment time decreased by 88.89%, and energy efficiency improved significantly. These enhancements are critical for robust, real‐time data collection and monitoring in underwater settings, providing substantial benefits for marine research and resource management. The findings suggest that ALSTM‐ESOA significantly outperforms conventional algorithms, offering a promising new tool for the advancement of UIoT applications. After being implemented in MATLAB, the suggested ALSTM‐ESOA model for the node deployment optimization in UIoT is examined. The proposed ALSTM‐ESOA in terms of network throughput is 55.56%, 38.89%, 36.11%, and 11.11% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. Similarly, the proposed ALSTM‐ESOA with respect to deployment time is 88.89%, 81.82%, 75%, and 50% better than CNN, LSTM, ARO‐RTP, and IGOR‐TSA, respectively. For the purpose of exploring marine resources, monitoring underwater environments, and conducting marine scientific investigation, the research's findings are extremely valuable.
Regulatory Aspects of Regenerative Medicine in the United States and Abroad
Authors: Jaalouk Dana , Prasai Anesh , Goldberg David J. , Yoo Jane Y. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWith the rising demand for natural‐looking aesthetic improvements, regenerative aesthetic medicine (RAM) has become essential for addressing aging, damage, and imperfections. The regulatory landscape overseeing RAM is dynamic, evolving with new technologies to ensure safety and efficacy.ObjectiveThis study reviews and compares regulatory frameworks for RAM across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Latin America.MethodsRegulations in the United States, European Union (EU), Australia, Singapore, South Korea, Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico were reviewed, focusing on risk‐based approaches, the extent of manipulation, and intended use of biological components.ResultsFrameworks in the United States, EU, Australia, Singapore, and South Korea share a risk‐based approach, adjusting regulations based on risks associated with biological components like stem cells and extracellular vesicles. Minimal alteration is categorized as low risk, emphasizing disease transmission prevention and material quality. Regulatory landscapes vary in Latin America. Brazil's comprehensive framework, managed by ANVISA, categorizes products by manipulation levels. Argentina's ANMAT has made progress, while Mexico lacks a unified framework, leading to unregulated operations and patient risks.ConclusionThe diverse regulatory frameworks underscore the need for continuous collaboration between regulatory bodies, healthcare providers, and stakeholders to promote innovation and ensure safety in regenerative medicine.
Reflecting on the symmetry of ecosystem tipping points: The influence of trait dissimilarity and environmental driver dynamics in a simple ecosystem model
Authors: Bärtschi Pascal , Petchey Owen L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOur understanding of the similarity in trajectories of ecosystem changes during different directions of environmental change is limited. For example, do the dominant organisms exhibit the same responses to different directions of environmental change, that is, do they exhibit symmetric responses? Here, we explore whether such response symmetry is determined and controlled by the symmetry in the features of the underlying biological system (i.e., system symmetry), such as in the network and strength of biotic and abiotic processes, and in symmetry of the environmental change (i.e., environmental symmetry). For this exploration, we developed and used a simple mathematical model of a microbial ecosystem driven by mutual inhibition in which we could vary the amount of system and environmental symmetry. Our results show that perfect system and environmental symmetry indeed produce perfect response symmetry. Moreover, introducing asymmetry in biological systems or in the environment proportionally increases response asymmetry. These findings suggest using symmetries in ecosystem structure and interaction strength to better understand and predict similarities in degradation and restoration phases of environmental change.
The Yellow River is the key corridor for Tamarix austromongolica to disperse from Asia inlands to east seashores
Authors: Yang Hongxiao , Liu Xinwei , Gan Honghao , Sun Jia , Pan Yanxia , Chu Jianmin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlants of the Tamarix L. genus (Tamaricaceae) mainly occur in arid inlands of Asia, but a few species occur in the coastal areas of China, and the Yellow River may account for this. This study was conducted to elucidate whether and how the Yellow River affects the pattern and development of the Tamarix genus, involving two critical species of Tamarix austromongolica Nakai and Tamarix chinensis Lour. With geographical distribution data, relationships of T. austromongolica with the Yellow River and the pertaining watershed were examined using the method of random permutation. The base‐diameter structures of T. austromongolica populations were investigated and compared between different riparian lands that suffer discriminative water inundation. The nearest distances from T. austromongolica locations to the Yellow River and the pertaining watershed were significantly lower than the theoretical expectations in the condition of random distribution (p < .05). In many riparian lands along the Yellow River, wild T. austromongolica populations occurred with vigorous juveniles, despite frequent human disturbances. In coastal areas near the present estuary of the river, wild T. austromongolica plants were still found. In T. austromongolica populations near the Yellow River and sea, the rates of juvenile plants were significantly higher than in other populations situated farther from the river or sea. These findings suggest that the Yellow River can facilitate the eastward dispersal of Tamarix plants that reasonably caused the evolution from T. austromongolica to T. chinensis in ancient coasts in the China east.
Sapling recruitment as an indicator of carbon resiliency in forests of the northern USA
Authors: Harris Lucas B. , Woodall Christopher W. , D'Amato Anthony W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTree regeneration shapes forest carbon dynamics by determining long‐term forest composition and structure, which suggests that threats to natural regeneration may diminish the capacity of forests to replace live tree carbon transferred to the atmosphere or other pools through tree mortality. Yet, the potential implications of tree regeneration patterns for future carbon dynamics have been sparsely studied. We used forest inventory plots to investigate whether the composition of existing tree regeneration is consistent with aboveground carbon stock loss, replacement, or gain for forests across the northeastern and midwestern USA, leveraging a recently developed method to predict the likelihood of sapling recruitment from seedling abundance tallied within six seedling height classes. A comparison of carbon stock predictions from tree and seedling composition suggested that 29% of plots were poised to lose carbon based on seedling composition, 55% were poised for replacement of carbon stocks (<5 Mg ha−1 difference) and 16% were poised to gain carbon. Forests predicted to lose carbon tended to be on steeper slopes, at lower latitudes, and in rolling upland environments. Although plots predicted to gain and lose carbon had similar stand ages, carbon loss plots had greater current carbon stocks. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the utility of considering tree regeneration through the lens of carbon replacement to develop effective management strategies to secure long‐term carbon storage and resilience in the context of global change. Forests poised to lose C due to climate change and other stressors could be prioritized for regeneration strategies that enhance long‐term carbon resilience and stewardship.
Environmental aridity driving latitudinal pattern of biomass allocation fractions in root systems of 63 shrub species in dry valleys
Authors: Yang Yu , Wang Zilong , Bao Weikai , Wu Ning , Hu Hui , Yang Tinghui , Li Xiaojuan , Nkrumah Deborah Traselin , Li Fanglan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFine roots and absorptive roots play key roles in acquiring resources throughout soil profiles and determining plant functions along environmental gradients. Yet, the geographical pattern of carbon allocation in fine roots, particularly in absorptive roots, and their relations with plant sizes and evironment are less understood. We sampled 243 xerophytic shrubs from 63 species distributed along the latitudinal gradient (23°N to 32°N) in dry valleys of southwest China and synthetically measured biomass fractions of plant organs, especially fine roots and absorptive roots (1st to 3rd root order). We identified latitudinal patterns of biomass allocation fractions of organs and their relationships with plant sizes and environmental factors. The latitudinal patterns of both absorptive root and fine‐root fractions followed weak unimodal distributions; stem biomass fraction increased with the latitude, while the leaf biomass fraction decreased. The fraction of fine‐root biomass had negative relationships with plant height and root depth. The fractions of root, fine root, and absorptive root biomass were largely explained by soil moisture. Furthermore, fraction of fine‐root biomass increased in a relatively humid environment. Overall, soil moisture was the most important factor in driving latitudinal patterns of biomass fraction. Our study highlighted that functional redistribution of root system biomass was the critical adaptive strategy along a latitudinal gradient.
Species divergence and environmental adaptation of Picea asperata complex at the whole genome level
Authors: Liu Yifu , Xiao Wenfa , Wang Fude , Wang Ya , Dong Yao , Nie Wen , Tan Cancan , An Sanping , Chang Ermei , Jiang Zeping , Wang Junhui , Jia Zirui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo study the interspecific differentiation characteristics of species originating from recent radiation, the genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) technique was used to explore the kinship, population structure, gene flow, genetic variability, genotype–environment association and selective sweeps of Picea asperata complex with similar phenotypes from a genome‐wide perspective. The following results were obtained: 14 populations of P. asperata complex could be divided into 5 clades; P. wilsonii and P. neoveitchii diverged earlier and were more distantly related to the remaining 6 spruce species. Various geological events have promoted the species differentiation of P. asperata complex. There were four instances of gene flow among P. koraiensis, P. meyeri, P. asperata, P. crassifolia and P. mongolica. The population of P. mongolica had the highest level of nucleotide diversity, and P. neoveitchii may have experienced a bottleneck recently. Genotype–environment association found that a total of 20,808 genes were related to the environmental variables, which enhanced the adaptability of spruce in different environments. Genes that were selectively swept in the P. asperata complex were primarily associated with plant stress resistance. Among them were some genes involved in plant growth and development, heat stress, circadian rhythms and flowering. In addition to the commonly selected genes, different spruce species also displayed unique genes subjected to selective sweeps that improved their adaptability to different habitats. Understanding the interspecific gene flow and adaptive evolution of Picea species is beneficial to further understanding the species relationships of spruce and can provide a basis for studying spruce introgression and functional genomics.
Development of Flexible High‐Efficient Aluminum ion Supercapacitors With 2D Niobium MXene Electrode
Authors: Malyala Latha , Karingula Sampath , Bhookya Thirupathi , K Vengatajalabathy Gobi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTA high‐performance aluminum‐ion supercapacitor is fabricated using 2D few‐layered Nb2CTx MXene, as an active electrode material and Al2(SO4)3 electrolyte for efficient energy storage. Nb2CTx MXene has been synthesized from Nb2AlC MAX phase using HF. Nb2CTx MXene coated on carbon cloth (Nb@CC) displays a capacitance of 307 F g−1 with 90% coulombic efficiency. The specific capacitance of Nb@CC in Al2(SO4)3 electrolyte is exceptionally high compared to those (≤32.2 F g−1) in H2SO4, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 electrolytes. Both symmetric and asymmetric aluminum ion supercapacitors are fabricated with Nb@CC electrode. The Nb@CC//Nb@CC symmetric device exhibits a capacitance of 122 F g−1 with a high energy density (Ed) of 33.2 Wh kg−1 at 1.41 kW kg−1 power density (Pd). An asymmetric supercapacitor device (ASC), Nb@CC//CNT@CC, with carbon nanotube (CNT@CC) cathode delivers a maximum Ed of 24.7 Wh kg−1 at 3.41 kW kg−1 Pd and excellent stability with 90% capacitance retention after 4000 cycles. A remarkably high Pd of 34 kW kg−1 is maintained with 13.2 Wh kg−1 Ed, and the rate capability is 53% for a 10‐fold increase in current density. These results offer the feasibility of efficient aqueous supercapacitors with Al‐ion as guest species, presenting new possibilities for supercapacitors.
Back(s) to basics: The concept of backing in stone tool technologies for tracing hominins' technical innovations
Authors: Delpiano Davide , Gravina Brad , Peresani Marco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe evolution of Paleolithic stone tool technologies is characterized by gradual increase in technical complexity along with changes in the composition of assemblages. In this respect, the emergence of retouched‐backed tools is an important step and, for some, a proxy for “modern” behavior. However, backed tools emerge relatively early and develop together with major changes in Middle‐Upper Pleistocene stone tool technologies. We provide an updated review of the emergence and development of the “backing” concept across multiple chrono‐cultural contexts and discuss its relationship to both the emergence of hafting and major evolutionary steps in the ergonomics of stone tool use. Finally, we address potential mechanisms of context‐specific re‐invention of backing based primarily on data from the late Middle Paleolithic of Western Europe.
CO2 solubility in aqueous solution of salts: Experimental study and thermodynamic modelling
Authors: Mousavi Ramin , Chapoy Antonin , Burgass Rod 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere are many economic obstacles and complex engineering problems associated with CO2 capture and storage in saline aquifers that need to be addressed. Overcoming such challenges requires precise knowledge on the fluid phase equilibria of CO2‐brine systems. Having accurate CO2 solubility data over a wide range of temperature and pressure can greatly assist in resolving these obstacles by improving the performance and accuracy of the thermodynamic modeling and subsequent CCS engineering success.CO2 solubility in pure water and NaCl solutions has been widely studied in the literature, however, there is a lack of data on CO2 solubility at lower temperatures (below 298 K). Furthermore, limited phase equilibria data are available for CO2 solubility in CaCl2, MgCl2, and KCl solutions at elevated temperatures (i.e., T > 323.15 K).In this work, the phase equilibria of CO2 and brine systems are investigated experimentally and theoretically. In this study, solubilities of CO2 in pure water and various concentrations of NaCl (10, 15, 20, and 22 wt%), KCl (10, 15, and 22 wt%), CaCl2 (7.5, 10, 15.7, and 23.4 wt%), and MgCl2 (6.7, 11, 18, and 29 wt%) aqueous solutions are reported. All CO2 solubilities were measures at 323.15, 373.15, and 423.15 K and over various pressure ranges, while solubilities in 10 and 20 wt% NaCl aqueous solutions were also measured over the temperature range of 263 to 298 K and pressures up to the hydrate dissociation pressure of each system. Equation of state modelling using the PC‐SAFT and the Cubic Plus Association equations of state, is performed in the theoretical part of the study to validate the measured solubility data. © 2024 The Author(s). Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.