bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntactic generalization with novel intransitive verbs
Authors: KLINE MELISSA , DEMUTH KATHERINE 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTo understand how children develop adult argument structure, we must understand the nature of syntactic and semantic representations during development. The present studies compare the performance of children aged 2;6 on the two intransitive alternations in English: patient (Daddy is cooking the food/The food is cooking) and agent (Daddy is cooking). Children displayed abstract knowledge of both alternations, producing appropriate syntactic generalizations with novel verbs. These generalizations were adult-like in bothflexibilityandconstraint. Rather than limiting their generalizations to lexicalized frames, children produced sentences with a variety of nouns and pronouns. They also avoided semantic overgeneralizations, producing intransitive sentences that respected the event restrictions and animacy cues. Some generated semantically appropriate agent intransitives when discourse pressure favored patient intransitives, indicating a stronger command of the first alternation. This was in line with frequency distributions in child-directed speech. These findings suggest that children have early access to representations that permit flexible argument structure generalization.
‘It's just a virus’ – viral illness in older people: prevention and management
Authors: Payne Ruth , Forde Donall , Vedio Alicia , Cope Alison , Pratt Gary , Tunbridge Anne 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMany viral infections that cause minor illness in younger adults can lead to significant mortality and morbidity in older people, particularly as co-morbidities tend to accumulate with increased age. Respiratory and gastrointestinal viruses are ubiquitous and frequently cause outbreaks, with major impact on those in care homes or residential accommodation. Advances in medicine have opened the way for increased impact of the herpes viruses (varicella zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus and cytomegalovirus), as immune systems are manipulated. People are also leading more active lives in older age; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will be increasingly prevalent, as those living with HIV grow older in good health. In addition, new diagnoses of HIV, viral hepatitis and travel-related infections will present to those working in health care of older people. This review article of viral infections aims to highlight relevant pathology, with specific reference to management in older people.
Haiti Disaster Tourism—A Medical Shame
Authors: Van Hoving Daniël J. , Wallis Lee A. , Docrat Fathima , Vries Shaheem De 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe devastating Haiti earthquake rightly resulted in an outpouring of international aid. Relief teams can be of tremendous value during disasters due to natural hazards. Although nobly motivated to help, all emergency interventions have unintended consequences. In the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, many selfless individuals committed to help, but was this really all in the name of reaching out a helping hand? This case report illustrates that medical disaster tourism is alive and well.
‘Let's Look at It Objectively’: Why Phenomenology Cannot be Naturalized
Authors: Moran Dermot 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent years there have been attempts to integrate first-person phenomenology into naturalistic science. Traditionally, however, Husserlian phenomenology has been resolutely anti-naturalist. Husserl identified naturalism as the dominant tendency of twentieth-century science and philosophy and he regarded it as an essentially self-refuting doctrine. Naturalism is a point of view or attitude (a reification of the natural attitude into thenaturalistic attitude) that does not know that it is an attitude. For phenomenology, naturalism is objectivism. But phenomenology maintains that objectivity is constituted through the intentional activity of cooperating subjects. Understanding the role of cooperating subjects in producing the experience of the one, shared, objective world keeps phenomenology committed to a resolutely anti-naturalist (or ‘transcendental’) philosophy.
Automated Detection and Quantification of Granular Cell Compartments
Authors: Mahboubi Hicham , Kodiha Mohamed , Stochaj Ursula 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany cellular processes are organized in a compartmentalized and dynamic fashion to ensure effective adaptation to physiological changes. Thus, in response to stress and disease, cells initiate protective mechanisms to restore homeostasis. Among these mechanisms are the arrest of translation and remodeling of ribonucleoprotein complexes into granular compartments in the cytoplasm, known as stress granules (SGs). To date, the analysis of SGs has relied on the manual demarcation and measurement of the compartment, making quantitative studies time-consuming, while preventing the efficient use of high-throughput technology. We developed the first fully automated, computer-based procedures that measure the association of fluorescent molecules with granular compartments. Our methods quantify automatically multiple granule parameters and generate data at the level of single cells or individual SGs. These techniques detect simultaneously in an automated fashion proteins and RNAs located in SGs. The effectiveness of our protocols is demonstrated by studies that reveal several of the unique biological and structural characteristics of SGs. In particular, we show that the type of stress determines granule size and composition, as illustrated by the concentration of poly(A)-RNA and a specific SG marker protein. Furthermore, we took advantage of the computer-based and automated methods to design assays suitable for high-throughput screening.
Cell Adhesion, Multicellular Morphology, and Magnetosome Distribution in the Multicellular Magnetotactic Prokaryote Candidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis
Authors: Abreu Fernanda , Silva Karen Tavares , Leão Pedro , Guedes Iame Alves , Keim Carolina Neumann , Farina Marcos , Lins Ulysses 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCandidatus Magnetoglobus multicellularis is an uncultured magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote composed of 17-40 Gram-negative cells that are capable of synthesizing organelles known as magnetosomes. The magnetosomes of Ca. M. multicellularis are composed of greigite and are organized in chains that are responsible for the microorganism's orientation along magnetic field lines. The characteristics of the microorganism, including its multicellular life cycle, magnetic field orientation, and swimming behavior, and the lack of viability of individual cells detached from the whole assembly, are considered strong evidence for the existence of a unique multicellular life cycle among prokaryotes. It has been proposed that the position of each cell within the aggregate is fundamental for the maintenance of its distinctive morphology and magnetic field orientation. However, the cellular organization of the whole organism has never been studied in detail. Here, we investigated the magnetosome organization within a cell, its distribution within the microorganism, and the intercellular relationships that might be responsible for maintaining the cells in the proper position within the microorganism, which is essential for determining the magnetic properties of Ca. M. multicellularis during its life cycle. The results indicate that cellular interactions are essential for the determination of individual cell shape and the magnetic properties of the organism and are likely directly associated with the morphological changes that occur during the multicellular life cycle of this species.
Parental Refusal of Consent for their Child's Medical Treatment: An Ethical, Professional and Legal Dilemma
Authors: King Liz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractParental refusal to consent for medical and surgical consent can present children's nurses with a professional dilemma and can potentially negatively impact the care provided for the both the paediatric patient and their family. With in this article, the legal, ethical and professional aspects associated with this dilemma are presented and discussed from the parental, child and nurse point of view.
Shoulder Operation Counselling in Day-Surgery Patients in Finland: Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Haapala Terhi , Palonen Mira , Åstedt-Kurki Päivi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to describe the day-surgery patients’ shoulder operation counselling from the patients’ perspective. The aim was to produce information for patient counselling on the day-surgery unit. For the study, nine patients who had shoulder operations as day-surgery patients were interviewed during spring 2012 using thematic interviews approximately one week after the operation. As a method of a qualitative study, inductive content analysis was used.The results indicate that, as a result of counselling, patients experience feelings of safety and trust as long as they receive enough information and are included in decision making. Professional staff and a positive care environment promote the feeling of safety and trust. The results also demonstrate that lack of counselling and factors that affect the patients’ internalisation of the counselling leads to feelings of insecurity. The study showed that patients possess their own individual coping mechanisms, which support counselling.With regard to counselling in relation to shoulder surgery the results produce new knowledge, as there is no previous research regarding patients’ experiences of counselling for shoulder surgery in the day-surgery setting in Finland. The results indicate that the patient's personal counselling experiences are wide ranging, and the findings call for a new approach when developing nursing care in the future.Recommendations from this study produce information that can be incorporated into post-graduate nurses’ induction, training, and the results can also enhance written patient instructions.
Effect of Pre-warming on Reducing the Incidence of Inadvertent Peri-operative Hypothermia for Patients Undergoing General Anaesthesia: A Mini-review
Authors: Llewellyn Lucie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:This mini-review aims to assess the effect pre-warming has on reducing the incidence of inadvertent peri-operative hypothermia for patients undergoing general anaesthesia.Method:A search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, as well as hand-searching through the reference lists of key articles, was undertaken. Articles were included on the basis that the studies were randomised controlled trials, undertaken on patients who were undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia and were pre-warmed for 60 minutes using forced-air warming systems. This resulted in two articles being critically appraised and reviewed using guidelines based on those given in Greenhalgh and Donald (2000).Findings:The results for both of these studies showed that statistically significant differences were seen in core body temperature, with analysis of variance used to test for the significant differences between the sample means. The findings were also clinically significant, as a small drop in temperature as a result of anaesthesia and surgery can lead to IPH, and with pre-warming this can be avoided.Conclusion:The studies that were used in this review both reported that pre-warming patients for 60 minutes pre-operatively had both a statistically significant and clinically significant effect. This means that patients should receive a period of pre-warming before surgery in addition to being warmed peri-operatively, in order to reduce any drop in potential temperature that can lead to IPH.
Actuarial Applications of Multivariate Two-Part Regression Models
Authors: Frees Edward W. , Jin Xiaoli , Lin Xiao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper synthesizes and extends the literature on multivariate two-part regression modelling, with an emphasis on actuarial applications. To illustrate the modelling, we use data from the US Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to explore expenditures that come in two parts. In the first part, zero expenditures correspond to no payments for health care services during a year. For the second part, a positive expenditure corresponds to the payment amount, a measure of utilization. Expenditures are multivariate, the five components being (i) office-based, (ii) hospital outpatient, (iii) emergency room, (iv) hospital inpatient, and (v) home health expenditures. Not surprisingly, there is a high degree of association among expenditure types and so we utilize models that account for these associations. These models include multivariate binary regressions for the payment type and generalized linear models with Gaussian copulas for payment amounts.As anticipated, the strong associations among expenditure types allow us to establish significant model differences on an in-sample basis. Despite these strong associations, we find that commonly used statistical measures perform similarly on a held-out validation sample. In contrast, out-of-sample risk measures used by actuaries reveal differences in the association among expenditure types.
Continuously variable W-band phase shifters based on MEMS-actuated conductive fingers
Authors: Psychogiou Dimitra , Li Yunjia , Hesselbarth Jan , Peroulis Dimitrios , Hierold Christofer , Hafner Christian 
Published: April 2013

This paper presents four continuously variable W-band phase shifters in terms of design, fabrication, and radiofrequency (RF) characterization. They are based on low-loss ridge waveguide resonators tuned by electrostatically actuated highly conductive rigid fingers with measured variable deflection between 0.3° and 8.25° (at a control voltage of 0–27.5 V). A transmission-type phase shifter based on a tunable highly coupled resonator has been manufactured and measured. It shows a maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 19.5°/dB and a transmission phase variation of 70° at 98.4 GHz. The FOM and the transmission phase shift are increased to 55°/dB and 134°, respectively, by the effective coupling of two tunable resonances at the same device with a single tuning element. The FOM can be further improved for a tunable reflective-type phase shifter, consisting of a transmission-type phase shifter in series with a passive resonator and a waveguide short. Such a reflective-type phase shifter has been built and tested. It shows a maximum FOM of 101°/dB at 107.4 GHz. Here, the maximum phase shift varied between 0° and 377° for fingers deflections between 0.3° and 8.25°.
GlgS, described previously as a glycogen synthesis control protein, negatively regulates motility and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rahimpour Mehdi , Montero Manuel , Almagro Goizeder , Viale Alejandro M. , Sevilla Ángel , Cánovas Manuel , Muñoz Francisco J. , Baroja-Fernández Edurne , Bahaji Abdellatif , Eydallin Gustavo , Dose Hitomi , Takeuchi Rikiya , Mori Hirotada , Pozueta-Romero Javier 
Published: April 2013

Escherichia coli glycogen metabolism involves the regulation of glgBXCAP operon expression and allosteric control of the GlgC [ADPG (ADP-glucose) pyrophosphorylase]-mediated catalysis of ATP and G1P (glucose-1-phosphate) to ADPG linked to glycogen biosynthesis. E. coli glycogen metabolism is also affected by glgS. Though the precise function of the protein it encodes is unknown, its deficiency causes both reduced glycogen content and enhanced levels of the GlgC-negative allosteric regulator AMP. The transcriptomic analyses carried out in the present study revealed that, compared with their isogenic BW25113 wild-type strain, glgS-null (ΔglgS) mutants have increased expression of the operons involved in the synthesis of type 1 fimbriae adhesins, flagella and nucleotides. In agreement, ΔglgS cells were hyperflagellated and hyperfimbriated, and displayed elevated swarming motility; these phenotypes all reverted to the wild-type by ectopic glgS expression. Also, ΔglgS cells accumulated high colanic acid content and displayed increased ability to form biofilms on polystyrene surfaces. F-driven conjugation based on large-scale interaction studies of glgS with all the non-essential genes of E. coli showed that deletion of purine biosynthesis genes complement the glycogen-deficient, high motility and high biofilm content phenotypes of ΔglgS cells. Overall the results of the present study indicate that glycogen deficiency in ΔglgS cells can be ascribed to high flagellar propulsion and high exopolysaccharide and purine nucleotides biosynthetic activities competing with GlgC for the same ATP and G1P pools. Supporting this proposal, glycogen-less ΔglgC cells displayed an elevated swarming motility, and accumulated high levels of colanic acid and biofilm. Furthermore, glgC overexpression reverted the glycogen-deficient, high swarming motility, high colanic acid and high biofilm content phenotypes of ΔglgS cells to the wild-type. As on the basis of the present study GlgS has emerged as a major determinant of E. coli surface composition and because its effect on glycogen metabolism appears to be only indirect, we propose to rename it as ScoR (surface composition regulator).
Traditional and Modified Soy Oils as Substitutes for Fish Oil in Feeds for Hybrid Striped Bass
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T. , Kanczuzewski Kenson L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn order to assess the relative merits of different soy oils as alternatives to fish oil, we evaluated the production performance and fillet fatty acid profiles of hybrid Striped Bass fed feeds containing fish oil (FO) or 50:50 blends of fish oil and standard (STD SO), saturated fatty acid‐enriched (SFA SO), low alpha‐linolenic acid (LOW ALA SO), or hydrogenated (HYD SO) soy oil for 12 weeks (4 tanks/diet, 8 fish/tank; initial weight = 67.8 ± 0.2 g, grand mean ± SE). Weight gain (214 ± 5%) and specific growth rate (1.4 ± 0.0% body weight/d) were unaffected by diet. Although some differences were observed for feed conversion ratio, none of the soy‐fed groups were significantly different from the FO‐fed group (1.2 ± 0.0). Feeding the soy diets altered fillet fatty acid composition, but coefficient of distance values indicated the SFA SO (Djh = 3.9) and HYD SO (Djh = 9.1) feeds yielded fillet fatty acid profiles that were more similar to the FO control than the STD SO (Djh = 17.3) and LOW ALA SO (Djh = 17.6) feeds. All of the soy oils assessed were acceptable as partial substitutes for fish oil in hybrid Striped Bass feeds in terms of production performance; however, SFA SO appears more suitable for maintaining fillet fatty acid profile.
Ostracism and Stages of Coping
Authors: Wesselmann Eric D. , Williams Kipling D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Ostracism—being ignored and excluded—is a painful event that many individuals experience. Williams (2009) proposed a temporal model of ostracism, arguing that reactions to ostracism change over time. Individuals have reflexive reactions to ostracism, characterized by immediate distress and threat to various basic needs. Next, ostracized individuals enter the reflective stage, in which they strive to recover basic needs satisfaction. Individuals only enter the resignation stage if they experience chronic ostracism. Research has focused on the first two stages, but the resignation stage remains largely unexplored. The goal of this chapter is to generate future directions for research on each of the stages of ostracism, particularly the resignation stage. We propose that individuals in the resignation stage may be more likely to engage in maladaptive behaviors (e.g., extreme violence), than individuals who are not in the resignation stage. We close this chapter by speculating on potential intervention techniques to help individuals in the resignation stage cope with chronic ostracism.
The Importance of Feeling Valued: Perceived Regard in Romantic Relationships
Authors: Cavallo Justin V. , Holmes John G. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Romantic relationships present people with unparalleled opportunity to fulfill fundamental intimacy goals. However, they also present the risk of experiencing social pain. Recent research has identified perceived regard—how much one feels valued by one’s romantic partner—as a critical moderator that determines when people set aside interpersonal risk in pursuit of connectedness or instead, forego intimacy to protect oneself from the threat of rejection. In the present chapter, we detail how chronic beliefs about perceived regard shape romantic outcomes by influencing relational cognition and self-regulation, particularly when interpersonal risk is salient. We also explore emerging research highlighting the mechanisms underlying these processes. Feeling valued is important to relationship well-being across all interpersonal contexts, but it is particularly critical in determining the longevity and quality of romantic bonds.
Rejection and Aggression: Explaining the Paradox
Authors: DeWall C. Nathan , Twenge Jean M. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
How does social rejection influence aggression? The need to belong operates in a similar manner as other motivations. Hungry people work hard to get food. Out of work, people go out of their way to find employment. Social rejected do what they need to regain a sense of belonging. Yet rejected people often engage in behaviors that will result in further rejection, such as aggression. This chapter discusses a decade’s worth of experimental research on the relationship between social rejection and aggression, with an eye toward explaining why aggression occurs and how to prevent it.
Social Pain
Authors: Borsook Terry K. , MacDonald Geoff 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The critical importance of social connectedness to human health and well-being is well established. There is now accumulating evidence that when a threat to this connectedness (i.e., social injury) occurs, a pain-like experience—social pain—can result. The first part of this chapter presents an up-to-date summary of animal and human brain imaging studies demonstrating an overlap in biological and neural systems mediating both social and physical pain. The second part reviews the literature examining the potential implications of this overlap, including the effect of reducing physical pain on social pain, the impact of social support on physical pain sensitivity, and the effects of socially painful events on physical pain perception. The chapter concludes with an exploration of what we believe are pressing issues and questions to be addressed in future research in the expanding field of social pain.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and the Challenges of Social Exclusion
Authors: Mikami Amori Yee 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent diagnosis among school-age children and symptoms frequently persist into adolescence and adulthood. This chapter describes the high levels of social exclusion faced by individuals with ADHD. Distinctions are made between children and adults with this disorder, as well as between males and females, when possible. In addition, ways in which ADHD subtype and comorbidity impact social relationships are also considered. Reasons why individuals with ADHD tend to be excluded by their peers, and the effectiveness of existing interventions for social problems in ADHD, are next summarized. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research directions, including speculation regarding ways to improve the treatment of social exclusion.