bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COST OF FALLS INJURY HOSPITALISATIONS IN OLDER ADULTS: FOCUS ON AGE, SEX, AND AREA OF RESIDENCE
Authors: Johnson S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFalls are common among older adults around the world. Several complex risk factors contribute to falls and many promising and proven falls prevention strategies have been reported in the literature. While the cost of falls have been examined, the variation in costs based on age, sex and area of residence such as rural and urban settings have not been examined.PurposeThis study was carried out to assess the direct cost of falls injury hospitalisations in older residents aged 65+ years (seniors) and their implications on health care delivery in the growing seniors population in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan.MethodsWe performed descriptive and statistical analyses on hospital records of seniors hospitalised with fall injury diagnoses from 1995/96 to 2004/05. We derived the direct cost using length of stay (LOS), resource intensity weight (RIW) and average cost of acute care (COST) for each year. The costs were calculated for different age groups (65–74, 75–84, 85+), sex (male, female), and area of residence at time of injury (rural, urban, and north).ResultsA total of 30 757 fall injury hospitalisations were recorded over a 10-year period. In addition, the fall injury hospitalisation rate varied with higher rates with advancing age, female gender, and rural location of residence. The average (±SE) 10-year RIW, LOS and COST were 2.13 (±0.02), 13.66 (±0.23) days and $6088 (±61.88), respectively. We observed statistically significant differences (p<0.01) in the RIW and COST of hospitalisations across the 10 years, both sexes, age groups and 13 health regions in the province. All of these factors except sex were significant (p<0.01) for the LOS. Males had slightly higher LOS and COST than females, while both LOS and COST increased with advancing age. Significant decline in LOS and COST occurred over the 10-year period. Both LOS and COST in the cases who died in hospital were more than double the values in those who survived. The COST was higher in cosmopolitan urban and Northern areas of the province as compared to other urban and rural areas.Significance and Contribution to the FieldAn increasing trend in burden of direct health care costs associated with falls injury hospitalisation among Saskatchewan senior residents is evident. This would have implications in planning and budgeting for future health care needs of the growing population of seniors in the province and particularly in the heavily impacted regions and areas.
PARENTING INTERVENTIONS TO PREVENT UNINTENTIONAL INJURY: UPDATE AND EXTENSION OF A COCHRANE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Kendrick D , Mulvaney C , Stevens T , Mytton J , Ye L , Stewart-Brown S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundParenting programmes can improve behaviour problems in childhood; improve maternal psychosocial health and a range of health outcomes for teenage mothers and their children. Our previous Cochrane review showed parenting programmes can reduce childhood injuries and we now update that review and explore characteristics of programmes that are associated with effectiveness.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo evaluate the effect of parenting programmes on reducing childhood injury and improving safety practices and behaviours and to explore characteristics of programmes that are more and less effective.MethodsSystematic review using Cochrane methodology. We included RCTs, non-RCTs, quasi-RCTs and controlled-before-and-after studies, providing individual or group based parenting interventions to parents of children aged≤18 years which reported injuries, safety equipment, safety behaviours, safety practices or composite scores with a home safety dimension (eg, HOME score). Random effects meta analysis was used to estimate risk ratios and 95% CI. Sub group analyses and meta regressions will explore associations between programme characteristics and effectiveness.Results/Outcome22 studies were included, 16 of which were RCTs. Parenting interventions significantly reduced injuries in RCTs (10 trials; RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.94; I2=2%). A similar effect size was seen in studies of all designs (14 studies; RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.91; I2=0%). Findings from sub group analyses and meta-regressions will be presented.Significance/Contribution to the FieldParenting interventions reduce childhood injuries, but some programmes may be more effective than others. Characteristics of effective programmes will be discussed.
TRENDS IN HIP FRACTURE INCIDENCE RATES AMONG ELDERLY IN SWEDEN 1987–2009
Authors: Nilson F , Moniruzzaman S , Gustavsson J , Andersson R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundFalls are the most common cause of injury related hospital admission among elderly in Sweden and with an ageing population fears have been raised that fall-related admissions will increase, with large societal costs as a result. Hip fractures are the most common type of hospitalised, fall-related injuries.Aims/Objectives/PurposePrevious studies in Sweden have shown large increases in hip fracture incidence rates. International research, however, suggests a levelling off, or decline, of hip fracture incidence rates though for Sweden this remains to be studied.MethodData was obtained regarding hip fractures among individuals 65 years and above from 1987 to 2009. Age and sex specific trends in hip fracture rates per 100 000 and mean age when sustaining a hip fracture were analysed. Secondly, annual percentage change (APC) was used to compare time periods that helped to quantify changes in secular trends.Results/OutcomesThe absolute number of hip fractures among elderly in Sweden has largely remained constant between 1987 and 2009 while incidence rates have decreased for all age and sex specific groups, with the largest changes in the younger age groups and among women. The mean age of sustaining a hip fracture has increased for both men and women.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis study supports other international studies in showing a decrease in hip fracture incidence rates among elderly, especially since the mid 1990s. The causes behind this decrease are most likely a combination of healthier individuals with improved functional ability and increased BMI rather than national programmes or osteoporosis management.
CAN THE FEELING OF BEING SAFE BE DANGEROUS?
Authors: Hart G 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDespite great advances in safety, many people continue to come to preventable harm. It is possible that we may be investing too much effort in creating a FEELING of being safe rather than actually BEING safe. We often encounter goal-oriented language that says ‘people should be free of fear.’ Yet it is this sense of vulnerability that can keep us safest. Have we created environments that have counter intuitively increased risk while at the same time diminishing the feeling of risk?Aims/Objectives/PurposeHow can we make the best use of our feelings of natural risk (perhaps through a common set of principles) and calibrate the environments we design to get the best possible result—maximum safety? Can we improve people's sense of appropriate vulnerability so they have better control over their risks and are less likely to come to harm?MethodsA number of interactions were studied including traffic, workplace, home, sporting safety and suicide prevention. Contexts from hunter-gatherer societies to rural settings and on to modern urban environments were considered. Common principles were selected and analysed in each scenario.Results/OutcomeA set of common, testable principles including factors like proximity, familiarity, distraction and others were uncovered that could be employed in tuning feelings of risk in different contexts to lower the likelihood of harm occurring.Significance/Contribution to the FieldDeveloping and employing this approach will generate more precise calibrations of natural risk so that contexts can be designed to illicit safer outcomes while sharpening people's sense of risk.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF WORK
Authors: O'Connor P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundEmployers can contribute to a stronger economy by ensuring their people are not harmed at work.PurposeBusiness leaders need to give high priority to prevention and early intervention. Leaders that embrace the health benefits of work are setting the right ‘tone at the top’ to tackle the challenges to a life in work.MethodsStrategic planning and leadership engagement that focus on the health benefits of work.OutcomeGetting work health and safety right delivers improved productivity, improves workforce participation and increases social inclusion.Significance to the FieldIt adds public health as a dimension to the prevention levers in work health and safety.The longer a period of absence from the workplace due to ill health, the less likely it becomes that a worker will ever return. After 20 days absence the likelihood of ultimate return is only 70%; after 70 days this declines to only 35%.1Unemployment is implicated in a range of psychological problems which in turn often has adverse consequences for physical health. The costs of the resulting social exclusion are high for both society and the individual.Continuing in employment can impact outcomes positively, but an important qualifying factor is that the work must be meaningful—if not, pre-existing problems can be magnified. Work stressors can also be the cause of mental health problems, so finding suitable work for a person with mental health problems is often complex; they are therefore more likely to be out of work and for longer, which can lead to a self-fulfilling downward spiral.Early intervention is acknowledged to be key to limiting this risk. Where there is no definitive need for absence from the workplace and the appropriate accommodations can be made to permit continuing attendance or early return, this should be promoted as the accepted approach. This will require enhanced education for healthcare professionals, through professional leadership to encourage change in unhelpful beliefs about work and health. Employers can contribute by providing supportive workplaces, leadership and training and good case management. Evidence based policy support by government will underpin these changes, along with public education campaigns to raise awareness that work is good for people.1. Johnson D, Fry T.Factors affecting return to work after injury: a study for the victorian work cover authority. Melbourne: Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, 2002.
LEADERSHIP AND CULTURE UNDER THE AUSTRALIAN WORK HEALTH AND SAFETY STRATEGY 2012–2022
Authors: Hoy R , Grey A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLeadership, and organisational and community culture are significant ‘new’ entries into the second national Australian strategy for work health and safety:The Australian Work Health and Safety Strategy 2012–1222(the Strategy). The absence of attention on leadership and culture in the previous Strategy was assessed as a potential barrier to achievement of targets. The Strategy aims to improve work health and safety outcomes through communities and their leaders being proactive in driving work health and safety improvements; through leaders in organisations taking a collaborative and consultative approach; and by raising the priority of health and safety in all work decisions and processes.Aims/Objectives/PurposeCulture and leadership were included as a key action area in the Strategy in order to raise awareness of health and safety and create a supportive context to improve workplace outcomes.Safe Work Australia conducted national consultation workshops during 2011 and commissioned three papers by leading academics on these topics.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe Strategy requires outcomes associated with leadership and culture that will ensure national attention is paid to these over the next 10 years.The inclusion of organisational and community culture and leadership in the Strategy will raise these issues at a national level. The evidence-based approach taken by Safe Work Australia will ensure that the focus of leadership and culture results in improved systematic management of risks, and improved health and safety outcomes.
BENCHMARKING AUSTRALIAN CHILDREN'S SWIMMING AND WATER SAFETY SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE: CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNT
Authors: Peden A , Franklin R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoyal Life Saving Society—Australia has undertaken a research programme into the swimming and water safety (S&WS) skills and knowledge of Australian children.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe research sought to describe participation rates, achievement levels against the National Swimming and Water Safety Framework (NSWSF), gaps in provision and barriers to accessing S&WS education among primary school aged children.MethodsThis research involved several discrete investigations including: survey of schools, survey of swimming and water safety teachers, analysis of participation and performance data from school and vocational based programmes, web based knowledge quiz development and testing of children.Results/OutcomeAchievement of the S&WS standard set in the NSWSF is achievable but varied (68.6% in Tasmania to 8.8% in South Australia). Indigenous children and children born outside Australia were less likely to achieve the benchmark. Indigenous children, children from rural and remote areas and children with a greater socio-economic disadvantage were underrepresented in those participating in S&WS education.Challenges identified in benchmarking children's S&WS skills and knowledge included: difficulty in comparing programmes due to the diversity in provision; sampling; age at which to test; and access to children (particularly those not currently participating).Significance/Contribution to the FieldThere is a need to ensure that the limited public resources for swimming and water safety are used effectively, in this case to ensure that children are equipped with the skills and knowledge to keep themselves safe in, on, and around water. This research is the first of its kind in Australia and has changed how we are addressing S&WS.
EFFECTIVE PRACTICE: AN IMMEDIATE COLLABORATIVE RESPONSE TO PREVENT FURTHER NET FISHING DROWNING AMONG PACIFIC PEOPLES
Authors: Harrop S , Aonga H 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRecreational fishing often provides a valuable and relatively cheap food source for many Pacific families. While land- and boat-based fishing in New Zealand have benefitted from safety interventions in recent years, the practice of net fishing at beach and harbours has not. Net fishing in New Zealand waters is often more dangerous than those waters in the Pacific Islands and some Pacific Island net fishing methods are inappropriate here. In response to five Pacific drowning fatalities related to net fishing off Auckland's dangerous west coast beaches in October 2011, WaterSafe Auckland called a meeting of key stakeholders and instigated a collaborative project to address safety issues surrounding these fatalities.MethodsKey partners Surf Life Saving, Auckland Council, Pasifika Injury Prevention Aukilana (PIPA), ACC, the Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs, Pacific Island Advisory Panel, community net fishing expert and WaterSafe Auckland agreed to initiate a collaborative project with key short term outcomes for the 2011/2012 summer season.ResultsWater safety education for net fishing was developed and delivered via a number of channels including Pacific and mainstream media, Pacific events and Church ministers. Ministers were requested to highlight and promote safe net fishing practices and the use of lifejackets. Lifejackets were given to Ministers to wear and distribute at their discretion. The results will be evaluated and used to make recommendations for an ongoing project.ConclusionsBy working collaboratively, key partners can utilise their expertise quickly and effectively to address death by drowning for specific target activities and communities.
CAMPUS VIOLENCE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS IN GUANGZHOU CITY: THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION AND RISK FACTORS
Authors: Wang C , Wang M , Dong XM , Yang ZC , Chi GB , Fu CX , Li WH , Wang SY 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCampus violence is more and more focused in the global. It not only can result in kinds of injuries (eg, physical, mental, sexual) for individual, but also can lead to huge damages to family and society.ObjectivesTo explore the incidence and risk factors of campus violence in Guangzhou.MethodsUndergraduates in three key universities in Guangzhou were selected to complete the questionnaire by cluster sampling method in 2010. Logistic regression method was used.ResultsThe incidence of campus violence was 69.9% in 2103 undergraduates. Male versus female was 75.6%, 63.8% (p<0.01). Perpetrator versus victim was 63.6%, 55.3%. Perpetrator and victim in male and female was 70.9%, 60.0% and 55.7%, 50.1%, respectively (p total<0.01). The severity of campus violence was psychological (68.0%), sexual (34.2%) and physical (16.5%). Male, arts, non-single children, lack of living expenses, playing computer games, playing tricks, loving violence programme, mother had gamble behaviour, father had indulgent education style, being bullied before high school, dissatisfaction with campus' environment, being badly treated by primary school teacher were the risk factors for perpetrator. Female, minority, non-single children, bad behaviour, family economic hardship, mother had gamble behaviour, father had indulgent education style, physical punishment was occasionally given by mother, being bullied before high school, high pressure during study, dissatisfaction with campus' environment, being badly treated by primary school teacher were the risk factors for victim.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe campus violence in Guangzhou is serious, especially the psychological and sexual violence.
HOSPITAL REFERRAL TO A COMMUNITY PROGRAMME FOR YOUTH INJURED BY VIOLENCE: A FEASIBILITY STUDY
Authors: Snider C , Nathens A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundYouth violence is an immense burden in Canada. Violence is a recurring condition—20–40% of youth injured by violence will be reinjured within the next year.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo assess the feasibility of referring youth injured by violence to community based intervention programmes.MethodsYouth presenting to St. Michael's Hospital Emergency Department and Trauma Service were approached to participate in the study. Information about the study was conveyed using a computer tablet. Youth completed an online baseline survey. If a youth consented to participation, a research coordinator linked the youth with their chosen community partner.Results/OutcomeSixty youth (27% of eligible patients) were approached and 19 (32%) chose to participate. 92% were male and the average age was 19.3. In the prior 6 months, 71% of participants had been in a physical fight, with 35% of all participants having visited an emergency department for a fight related injury. Fourteen youth (70% of enrolled) chose a community programme; however, five were unable to be contacted the following day to facilitate the referral.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis feasibility study demonstrates the complexity of recruiting and referring a high-risk population to community resources. The results from this study will be used to develop a larger study to determine the effectiveness of these referrals in reducing future intentional injury.
HAVE WE LEARNT THE LESSONS FROM DISASTER INQUIRIES? THEMES FROM RECENT AUSTRALIAN DISASTER INQUIRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
Authors: Goode N , Spencer C , Archer F , McArdle D , Salmon PM , McClure R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe introduction of the National Strategy for Disaster Resilience (NSDR) represents a new, proactive, all-hazards approach to disaster management in Australia. This represents is a timely opportunity to revisit the recommendations and key themes from recent disaster inquiries.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo identify the common strategic themes across recent disaster inquiries and determine whether the NSDR is aligned with findings from the recent inquiries.MethodsA thematic analysis of seven prominent Australian inquiries into natural disasters was undertaken. The NSDR was used as a thematic framework to analyse the inquiry reports. When an additional theme was identified that was not in the NSDR, this became a new category in the thematic analysis.Results/OutcomeAll of the themes from the NSDR were evident in the inquiry reports; however, a number of additional themes were identified from the inquiries. Six key themes were identified as particularly critical: State emergency management arrangements, understanding, awareness and assessment of risk, critical infrastructure, community communication and empowerment, research, and what does a disaster resilient community look like?Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe common themes from recent disaster inquiries provide key pointers toward strategies for enhancing Australia's disaster resilience in particular, and more generally, represent critical areas that require further research.
NATURE AND TYPE OF INJURIES FROM THE 4 SEPTEMBER 2010 AND 22 FEBRUARY 2011 CANTERBURY EARTHQUAKES, NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Johnston D , Standring S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundDespite significant advances in the understanding of earthquake hazard, risk and mitigation, earthquake deaths and injuries continue to increase globally. The use of earthquake risk and impact modelling is therefore gaining increasing importance for informing the value of mitigation through: development of appropriate building regulations and controls for urban development; public education around actions to take during earthquakes and planning post-disaster emergency operations. However, such models rely on reliable estimates of the number of deaths and the number and type of injuries which may result from a given pattern of ground shaking.AimThis paper explores the nature and type of earthquake injuries, and outlines potential causes of injury and possible preventative measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of injury and contributes directly to a multi-year Wellington ‘It's Our Fault’ research programme.MethodData obtained from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) in New Zealand is part of a collaborative study to understand the nature and type of injuries from the 4 September 2010 and 22 February 2011 Canterbury earthquakes.ResultsThis is a unique data set of over 9000 as it contains information on all claims lodged for injuries from both earthquakes. Primary injuries are defined as occurring at the moment of the earthquake as a direct result of the immediate shaking. It was divided into two sub categories, immediate and action. An ‘immediate’ type injury was an injury of unavoidable cause. Alternatively, a primary injury could be classified as ‘action’ if a result of a movement that the person may have made.