bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Use of Seasonal Surface Displacements and Time‐Variable Gravity to Constrain the Interior of Mars
Authors: Wagner N. L. , James P. B. , Ermakov A. I. , Sori M. M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mass transport of volatiles on Mars represents a seasonally changing load on the surface of the planet. Like on Earth, as mass is redistributed across the planet, the surface responds in a complex manner becoming displaced downwards or upwards. The magnitude and extent of displacement depend on the properties of the load and mechanical properties of the planetary interior. Based on new estimates of the height variation of the seasonal polar caps (SPCs), we predict local surface displacements of up to tens of millimeters with a strong degree 1 signal throughout the Martian year. The long‐wavelength portion of the displacement is potentially observable, with a magnitude of a few millimeters, located away from the SPC where one could realistically measure it with a landed or orbital mission. We also model the direct contribution of this process to observable time variable gravity, where we find the zonal coefficients to be in line with previous measurements, although with a smaller magnitude. Future measurements of this displacement could be used to help elucidate the composition of the interior of Mars using this process as a probe into the Martian interior. Furthermore, more refined measurements of time‐variable gravity would be a powerful tool in constraining the pole‐to‐pole volatile cycle present on Mars.
Coupling Reservoir Operation and Rainfall‐Runoff Processes for Streamflow Simulation in Watersheds
Authors: Vora Anav , Cai Ximing , Chen Yanan , Li Donghui 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe assess the overall watershed system representation via fully coupling a generic reservoir operation model with a conceptual rainfall‐runoff model. The performance of the coupled model is evaluated comprehensively by examining watershed outflow simulations, model parameter values, and a key internal flux of the watershed model (here reservoir inflow). Five published generic reservoir operation models are coupled with a watershed rainfall‐runoff model, and results are compared across the coupled models and one additional model called ResIgnore that ignores reservoir operation. Traditional loosely coupled watershed hydrologic models (where calibrated inflow is routed through reservoir operation models) are used as baselines to examine the differences in simulation performance and parameterization obtained from the fully coupled models. We find that fully coupling the Generic Data‐Driven Reservoir Operation Model (GDROM) and the Dynamically Zoned Target Release (DZTR) reservoir operation models with the rainfall‐runoff model obtains robust simulations of watershed outflow with realistic parameterization, suggesting that they can be reliably integrated into large‐scale hydrological models for simulating streamflow in heavily dammed watersheds. Our results also show that compared to ResIgnore, the fully coupled watershed models more accurately simulate the entire distribution of watershed outflow, obtain more realistic values of model parameters, and simulate reservoir inflow with higher accuracy. Finally, we note that the prediction intervals of watershed outflow obtained from the GDROM‐ and DZTR‐based fully coupled models consistently envelop observed watershed outflow across the study watersheds, indicating that GDROM and DZTR can be suitable reservoir components of large‐scale hydrology models.
Martian Dust Storm Spatial‐Temporal Analysis of Tentative Landing Areas for China's Tianwen‐3 Mars Mission
Authors: Tian Yuan , Li Bo , Rong Zhaojin , Qu Shaojie , Chen Shengbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChina's first Mars sampling return mission (Tianwen‐3) is designed to launch and retrieve samples around 2030. Three tentative landing areas (TLAs) (Amazonis, Chryse and Utopia Planitiae, i.e., TLA‐A, TLA‐C and TLA‐U) are selected based on elevation <−2,000 m and latitude between 17° and 30°N. As a dominant feature of Martian meteorology, dust storms manifest in all seasons and affect the accuracy and safety of Mars exploration missions. Tianwen‐3's landing, sampling and ascent phases are in the dust storm season. Therefore, analyzing dust storm activity around landing areas is significant for the Tianwen‐3 mission. According to Mars Daily Global Maps taken by Mars Orbiter Camera spanning Martian years 24–28, 2,476 dust storm events around the three TLAs were identified in this research. Dust storm temporal probabilities within TLA‐A, TLA‐C and TLA‐U were calculated as 0%–44.69%, 0%–66.29% and 0%–33.64%, separately. Dust storm spatial probabilities around the TLA‐A, TLA‐C and TLA‐U were computed, with ranges of 0%–10.71%, 0%–14.55% and 0%–19.96% during the T1 period (Ls = 161–309°), and 0%–6.75%, 0%–7.65% and 0%–8.26% during the T2 period (Ls = 342‐55°), respectively. Finally, considering the temporal and spatial distribution of dust storms, we recommend the T2 period as the launch scenario. Three safe periods (Ls = 2–18°, 4–12°, and 356–4°) were assigned for the entry‐descent‐landing (EDL) phase, along with one period (Ls = 45–55°) for the take‐off and ascent phase. Five circular landing zones with dust storm spatial probability <3% were selected for the Tianwen‐3 mission.
Volcanic Flank Collapse, Secondary Sediment Failure and Flow‐Transition: Multi‐Stage Landslide Emplacement Offshore Montserrat, Lesser Antilles
Authors: Kühn Michel , Berndt Christian , Watt Sebastian F. L. , Hornbach Matthew J. , Krastel Sebastian , Sass Kristina , Kutterolf Steffen , Freudenthal Tim , Huhn Katrin , Karstens Jens , Schramm Bettina , Elger Judith , Böttner Christoph , Klaeschen Dirk 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVolcanic flank collapses, especially those in island settings, have generated some of the most voluminous mass transport deposits on Earth and can trigger devastating tsunamis. Reliable tsunami hazard assessments for flank collapse‐driven tsunamis require an understanding of the complex emplacement processes involved. The seafloor sequence southeast of Montserrat (Lesser Antilles) is a key site for the study of volcanic flank collapse emplacement processes that span subaerial to submarine environments. Here, we present new 2D and 3D seismic data as well as MeBo drill core data from one of the most extensive mass transport deposits offshore Montserrat, which exemplifies multi‐phase landslide deposition from volcanic islands. The deposits reveal emplacement in multiple stages including two blocky volcanic debris avalanches, secondary seafloor failure and a late‐stage erosive density current that carved channel‐like incisions into the hummocky surface of the deposit about 15 km from the source region. The highly erosive density current potentially originated from downslope‐acceleration of fine‐grained material that was suspended in the water column earlier during the slide. Late‐stage erosive turbidity currents may be a more common process following volcanic sector collapse than has been previously recognized, exerting a potentially important control on the observed deposit morphology as well as on the runout and the overall shape of the deposit.
Color coded metadevices toward programmed terahertz switching
Authors: He Weibao , Cheng Xiang’ai , Hu Siyang , Ren Ziheng , Yu Zhongyi , Wan Shun , Hu Yuze , Jiang Tian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTerahertz modulators play a critical role in high-speed wireless communication, non-destructive imaging, and so on, which have attracted a large amount of research interest. Nevertheless, all-optical terahertz modulation, an ultrafast dynamical control approach, remains to be limited in terms of encoding and multifunction. Here we experimentally demonstrated an optical-programmed terahertz switching realized by combining optical metasurfaces with the terahertz metasurface, resulting in 2-bit dual-channel terahertz encoding. The terahertz metasurface, made up of semiconductor islands and artificial microstructures, enables effective all-optical programming by providing multiple frequency channels with ultrafast modulation at the nanosecond level. Meanwhile, optical metasurfaces covered in terahertz metasurface alter the spatial light field distribution to obtain color code. According to the time-domain coupled mode theory analysis, the energy dissipation modes in terahertz metasurface can be independently controlled by color excitation, which explains the principle of 2-bit encoding well. This work establishes a platform for all-optical programmed terahertz metadevices and may further advance the application of composite metasurface in terahertz manipulation.
MXene-based all-solid flexible electrochromic microsupercapacitor
Authors: Guo Shanlu , Zhu Ruihe , Chen Jingwei , Liu Weilin , Zhang Yuxiang , Li Jianmin , Li Haizeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWith the increasing demand for multifunctional optoelectronic devices, flexible electrochromic energy storage devices are being widely recognized as promising platforms for diverse applications. However, simultaneously achieving high capacitance, fast color switching and large optical modulation range is very challenging. In this study, the MXene-based flexible in-plane microsupercapacitor was fabricated via a mask-assisted spray coating approach. By adding electrochromic ethyl viologen dibromide (EVB) into the electrolyte, the device showed a reversible color change during the charge/discharge process. Due to the high electronic conductivity of the MXene flakes and the fast response kinetics of EVB, the device exhibited a fast coloration/bleaching time of 2.6 s/2.5 s, a large optical contrast of 60%, and exceptional coloration efficiency. In addition, EVB acted as a redox additive to reinforce the energy storage performance; as a result, the working voltage window of the Ti3C2-based symmetric aqueous microsupercapacitor was extended to 1 V. Moreover, the device had a high areal capacitance of 12.5 mF cm−2 with superior flexibility and mechanical stability and showed almost 100% capacitance retention after 100 bending cycles. The as-prepared device has significant potential for a wide range of applications in flexible and wearable electronics, particularly in the fields of camouflage, anticounterfeiting, and displays.
Targeting a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17-CD122 axis enhances CD8+ T cell effector differentiation and anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Sun Lina , Jiao Anjun , Liu Haiyan , Ding Renyi , Yuan Ning , Yang Biao , Zhang Cangang , Jia Xiaoxuan , Wang Gang , Su Yanhong , Zhang Dan , Shi Lin , Sun Chenming , Zhang Aijun , Zhang Lianjun , Zhang Baojun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCD8+ T cell immune responses are regulated by multi-layer networks, while the post-translational regulation remains largely unknown. Transmembrane ectodomain shedding is an important post-translational process orchestrating receptor expression and signal transduction through proteolytic cleavage of membrane proteins. Here, by targeting the sheddase A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease (ADAM)17, we defined a post-translational regulatory mechanism mediated by the ectodomain shedding in CD8+ T cells. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed the involvement of post-translational regulation in CD8+ T cells. T cell-specific deletion of ADAM17 led to a dramatic increase in effector CD8+ T cell differentiation and enhanced cytolytic effects to eliminate pathogens and tumors. Mechanistically, ADAM17 regulated CD8+ T cells through cleavage of membrane CD122. ADAM17 inhibition led to elevated CD122 expression and enhanced response to IL-2 and IL-15 stimulation in both mouse and human CD8+ T cells. Intriguingly, inhibition of ADAM17 in CD8+ T cells improved the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors. Our findings reveal a critical post-translational regulation in CD8+ T cells, providing a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting ADAM17 for effective anti-tumor immunity.
Structural and functional insights into the helicase protein E5 of Mpox virus
Authors: Zhang Weizhen , Liu Yusong , Yang Mengquan , Yang Jie , Shao Zhiwei , Gao Yanqing , Jiang Xinran , Cui Ruixue , Zhang Yixi , Zhao Xin , Shao Qiyuan , Cao Chulei , Li Huili , Li Linxi , Liu Hehua , Gao Haishan , Gan Jianhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMpox virus (MPXV) can cause mpox in humans. Due to its quick and wide spread in the past two years, mpox has turned into a significant public health concern. Helicase E5 is a multi-domain protein; its primer synthesis and DNA unwinding activity are required for genome uncoating and DNA replication of MPXV. However, the in vitro DNA unwinding activity has never been demonstrated. Here, we report the structural and biochemical studies of MPXV E5, showing that the full-length protein adopts an auto-inhibited conformation. Truncation of the N-terminus can recover the in vitro unwinding activity of E5 towards the forked DNA. Further structural analysis reveals that MPXV E5 shares a conserved mechanism in DNA unwinding and primer synthesis with the homologous proteins. These findings not only advance our understanding on the function of MPXV E5, but also provide a solid basis for the development of anti-poxvirus drugs.
Synthesis and biochemical characterization of naphthoquinone derivatives targeting bacterial histidine kinases
Authors: Ishikawa Teruhiko , Eguchi Yoko , Igarashi Masayuki , Okajima Toshihide , Mita Kohei , Yamasaki Yuri , Sumikura Kaho , Okumura Taisei , Tabuchi Yuna , Hayashi Chigusa , Pasqua Martina , Coluccia Marco , Prosseda Gianni , Colonna Bianca , Kohayakawa Chie , Tani Akiyoshi , Haruta Jun-ichi , Utsumi Ryutaro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWaldiomycin is an inhibitor of histidine kinases (HKs). Although most HK inhibitors target the ATP-binding region, waldiomycin binds to the intracellular dimerization domain (DHp domain) with its naphthoquinone moiety presumed to interact with the conserved H-box region. To further develop inhibitors targeting the H-box, various 2-aminonaphthoquinones with cyclic, aliphatic, or aromatic amino groups and naphtho [2,3-d] isoxazole-4,9-diones were synthesized. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory activity (IC50) against WalK, an essential HK for Bacillus subtilis growth, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against B. subtilis. As a result, 11 novel HK inhibitors were obtained as naphthoquinone derivatives (IC50: 12.6–305 µM, MIC: 0.5–128 µg ml−1). The effect of representative compounds on the expression of WalK/WalR regulated genes in B. subtilis was investigated. Four naphthoquinone derivatives induced the expression of iseA (formerly yoeB), whose expression is negatively regulated by the WalK/WalR system. This suggests that these compounds inhibit WalK in B. subtilis cells, resulting in antibacterial activity. Affinity selection/mass spectrometry analysis was performed to identify whether these naphthoquinone derivatives interact with WalK in a manner similar to waldiomycin. Three compounds were found to competitively inhibit the binding of waldiomycin to WalK, suggesting that they bind to the H-box region conserved in HKs and inhibit HK activity.
Carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment can significantly influence infection progression
Authors: Maslova Evgenia , EisaianKhongi Lara , Rigole Petra , Coenye Tom , McCarthy Ronan R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly apparent that commensal skin bacteria have an important role in wound healing and infection progression. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning many of these probiotic interactions remain to be fully uncovered. In this work, we demonstrate that the common skin commensal Cutibacterium acnes can limit the pathogenicity of the prevalent wound pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo. We show that this impact on pathogenicity is independent of any effect on growth, but occurs through a significant downregulation of the Type Three Secretion System (T3SS), the primary toxin secretion system utilised by P. aeruginosa in eukaryotic infection. We also show a downregulation in glucose acquisition systems, a known regulator of the T3SS, suggesting that glucose availability in a wound can influence infection progression. C. acnes is well known as a glucose fermenting organism, and we demonstrate that topically supplementing a wound with glucose reverses the probiotic effects of C. acnes. This suggests that introducing carbon source competition within the wound microenvironment may be an effective way to prevent or limit wound infection.
Microbial strategies driving low concentration substrate degradation for sustainable remediation solutions
Authors: Yin Qidong , He Kai , Collins Gavin , De Vrieze Jo , Wu Guangxue 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMicrobial metabolism upholds a fundamental role in the sustainability of water ecosystems. However, how microorganisms surviving in low-concentration substrate water environments, including the existence of emerging compounds of interest, remains unclear. In this review, microbial strategies for concentrating, utilizing, and metabolizing of low concentration substrates were summarized. Microorganisms develop substrate-concentrating strategies at both the cell and aggregate levels in substrate-limited settings. Following, microbial uptake and transport of low-concentration substrates are facilitated by adjusting physiological characteristics and shifting substrate affinities. Finally, metabolic pathways, such as mixed-substrate utilization, syntrophic metabolism, dynamic response to nutrient variation, and population density-based mechanisms allow microorganisms to efficiently utilize low-concentration substrates and to adapt to challenging oligotrophic environments. All these microbial strategies will underpin devising new approaches to tackle environmental challenges and drive the sustainability of water ecosystems, particularly in managing low-concentration contaminants (i.e., micropollutants).
Spatial control of perilacunar canalicular remodeling during lactation
Authors: Sieverts Michael , Yee Cristal , Nemani Minali , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Alliston Tamara , Acevedo Claire 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOsteocytes locally remodel their surrounding tissue through perilacunar canalicular remodeling (PLR). During lactation, osteocytes remove minerals to satisfy the metabolic demand, resulting in increased lacunar volume, quantifiable with synchrotron X-ray radiation micro-tomography (SRµCT). Although the effects of lactation on PLR are well-studied, it remains unclear whether PLR occurs uniformly throughout the bone and what mechanisms prevent PLR from undermining bone quality. We used SRµCT imaging to conduct an in-depth spatial analysis of the impact of lactation and osteocyte-intrinsic MMP13 deletion on PLR in murine bone. We found larger lacunae undergoing PLR are located near canals in the mid-cortex or endosteum. We show lactation-induced hypomineralization occurs 14 µm away from lacunar edges, past a hypermineralized barrier. Our findings reveal that osteocyte-intrinsic MMP13 is crucial for lactation-induced PLR near lacunae in the mid-cortex but not for whole-bone resorption. This research highlights the spatial control of PLR on mineral distribution during lactation.
The effective treatment of dye-containing simulated wastewater by using the cement kiln dust as an industrial waste adsorbent
Authors: Syala Eslam , Sadik Wagih A. , El-Demerdash Abdel-Ghaffar M. , Mekhamer Waffa , El-Rafey M. Essam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study compares the adsorption behavior of both Methylene Blue (MB) and Congo Red (CR) dyes on the surfaces of cement kiln dust (CKD) powder from the experimentally simulated wastewater solution. The cement kiln dust powder was characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests. The adsorption for such dyes was studied under varying mixing contact times, temperatures, and pH as well as various initial concentrations of both dyes and adsorbent using the batch mode experiments. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied, and the results revealed that the pseudo-second-order fitted well to the kinetic data. Thermodynamic parameters stated that the adsorption process was endothermic. Studying Linear and nonlinear forms of Langmuir and Freundlich's adsorption isotherms revealed that the adsorption process was followed by both homogeneous mono-layer and heterogeneous multilayer coverage on the active sites of cement kiln dust particles. The data showed that the adsorption capacities of the methylene blue and Congo red dyes were 58.43 and 123.42 mg/g, respectively and cement kiln dust is an adsorbent with little cost for the treatment of wastewater.
Prediction and reliability analysis of shear strength of RC deep beams
Authors: Megahed Khaled 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores machine learning (ML) capabilities for predicting the shear strength of reinforced concrete deep beams (RCDBs). For this purpose, eight typical machine-learning models, i.e., symbolic regression (SR), XGBoost (XGB), CatBoost (CATB), random forest (RF), LightGBM, support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and Gaussian process regression (GPR) models, are selected and compared based on a database of 840 samples with 14 input features. The hyperparameter tuning of the introduced ML models is performed using the Bayesian optimization (BO) technique. The comparison results show that the CatBoost model is the most reliable and accurate ML model (R2 = 0.997 and 0.947 in the training and testing sets, respectively). In addition, simple and practical design expressions for RCDBs have been proposed based on the SR model with a physical meaning and acceptable accuracy (an average prediction-to-test ratio of 0.935 and a standard deviation of 0.198). Meanwhile, the shear strength predicted by ML models was then compared with classical mechanics-driven shear models, including two prominent practice codes (i.e., ACI318, EC2) and two previous mechanical models, which indicated that the ML approach is highly reliable and accurate over conventional methods. In addition, a reliability-based design was conducted on two ML models, and their reliability results were compared with those of two code standards. The findings revealed that the ML models demonstrate higher reliability compared to code standards.
Multi-scale entropy assessment of magnetoencephalography signals in schizophrenia
Authors: Wolfson E. J. , Fekete T. , Loewenstein Y. , Shriki O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe disruption in cognition and emotion, affecting fundamental human functions. In this study, we applied Multi-Scale Entropy analysis to resting-state Magnetoencephalography data from 54 schizophrenia patients and 98 healthy controls. This method quantifies the temporal complexity of the signal across different time scales using the concept of sample entropy. Results show significantly higher sample entropy in schizophrenia patients, primarily in central, parietal, and occipital lobes, peaking at time scales equivalent to frequencies between 15 and 24 Hz. To disentangle the contributions of the amplitude and phase components, we applied the same analysis to a phase-shuffled surrogate signal. The analysis revealed that most differences originate from the amplitude component in the δ, α, and β power bands. While the phase component had a smaller magnitude, closer examination reveals clear spatial patterns and significant differences across specific brain regions. We assessed the potential of multi-scale entropy as a schizophrenia biomarker by comparing its classification performance to conventional spectral analysis and a cognitive task (the n-back paradigm). The discriminative power of multi-scale entropy and spectral features was similar, with a slight advantage for multi-scale entropy features. The results of the n-back test were slightly below those obtained from multi-scale entropy and spectral features.