bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Alexithymic Traits to Affective Theory of Mind
Authors: DEMERS LAUREN A. , Koven Nancy S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Little research has focused on the contributors to adult theory of mind (ToM) even though there is reason to suspect individual differences in performance in neurotypical samples. Alexithymia, a term that references an impaired ability to attend to and verbally label emotions via ongoing introspection, is a useful construct through which to explore how socially relevant dimensions of emotion processing enable ToM. As 1 study has explored alexithymia vis-à-vis cognitive ToM, this study examined the relationships between facets of alexithymia and affective ToM while controlling for the potential confounds of empathy, verbal ability, and negative affect. A nonclinical sample of adults (N = 86) completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, the Mehrabian and Epstein Scale of Emotional Empathy, the Profile of Mood States, and the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that externally oriented thinking contributed unique variance to affective ToM, confirming an inverse relationship between alexithymia and affective ToM but highlighting the need to parse alexithymia into discrete facets when exploring its relevance to social cognition.
Local and Global Task Switching Costs in Bilinguals Who Vary in Second Language Proficiency
Authors: TSE CHI-SHING , ALT ARRIBA JEANETTE 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We examined the relationship between bilinguals’ second language (L2) proficiency and their performance on a Stroop switching task, in which a color word (e.g., GREEN) appeared in a congruent ink color (e.g., green) or an incongruent ink color (e.g., red). Participants either read aloud the color word in the word-reading trials or named the ink color in the color-naming trials. Bilinguals who varied in L2 proficiency received 2 pure blocks, consisting of word-reading trials and color-naming trials, respectively, and 1 mixed block, consisting of intermixed word-reading and color-naming trials in an alternating-runs pattern. Comparing performance in nonswitch trials in the mixed block and the pure block provides a measure of global switch costs, whereas differences on switch trials and nonswitch trials in the mixed block reflect local switch costs. Bilinguals with higher L2 proficiency showed a marginally smaller Stroop effect in color naming, a smaller local switch cost in word reading (but not in color naming), and a smaller word-reading versus color-naming task set asymmetry in local switch costs. The latter result was consistent with the language switching finding that the L1/L2 switch cost asymmetry decreased as a function of bilinguals’ L2 proficiency. Overall, the current findings support the facilitative role of L2 proficiency in bilinguals’ task set switching: Those with higher L2 proficiency have better task set shifting and reconfiguration and updating abilities when they switch from a more difficult task set (color naming) to an easier task set (word reading) in a task-switching paradigm.
Novas abordagens no ensino das Ciências Humanas: a premência de diversificar linguagens no labor docente com Geografia e História
Authors: Andrade Adriano Bittencourt , Miranda Nadja Conceição de Jesus , Varino Dalila Flora Cardoso 
Published: January 2015

O artigo defende que o aprendizado é pessoal e subjetivo derivando, por conseguinte, de estratégias diferenciadas de acesso ao saber formal. Parte do pressuposto que há, invariavelmente, uma diversidade de formas para apreender um dado objeto e o ferramental a ser utilizado será, sempre, decorrente da combinação heterogênea entre contexto espaço-temporal, instituição de ensino, formação e motivação do professor e o aluno (contexto socioeconômico e individualidade). Assim, este escrito se defronta com uma questão nodal: Como, no ensino das Ciências Humanas, alcançar/comunicar-se com os alunos para além do texto formal? Busca-se, então, compreender a possibilidade de letramento nas Ciências Humanas através da diversificação de estratégias de comunicação; entender as diferentes linguagens como instrumentos para a aproximação do conteúdo programático do cotidiano do aluno e apresentar desafios metodológicos para a utilização de instrumentos de comunicação.
Autorreflexão e autonomia do pensar como pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos do Ensino de Filosofia: análise a partir da teoria crítica
Authors: Junkes Delcio , Horn Geraldo Balduino 
Published: January 2015

A questão-problema central que esse artigo apresenta tem a ver com a análise crítica que os autores da Teoria Crítica, particularmente Adorno e Horkheimer, estabelecem entre o projeto de esclarecimento e os limites da emancipação do indivíduo. A partir dessa abordagem teórica procura-se mostrar se é possível pensar num projeto emancipatório no contexto da sociedade capitalista hodierna. Por um lado, busca-se problematizar a contradição: o esclarecimento como promessa de uma sociedade melhor e aquilo que ele, de fato, se tornou: uma razão totalitária. Por outro lado, procura-se entender, a partir do posicionamento dos autores, se frente ao pretenso projeto de esclarecimento, a filosofia e a educação teriam um poder de resistência em relação ao rumo caótico que o processo civilizatório tomou.
Dört rotorlu bir insansiz hava aracinin geri-adimlama yöntemi ile yol takibi kontrolü
Authors: SUİÇMEZ Emre Can , KUTAY Ali Türker 
Published: January 2015

ÖzetDört rotorlu(quadrotor), son yıllarda bir çok araştırmacı tarafından çalışılan çok popüler bir insansız hava aracıdır(İHA). Dört rotorlu, dikey iniş kalkış(VTOL) özelliği ve yüksek manevra kabiliyeti sayesinde klasik insansız hava araçlarına göre bir çok avantaja sahiptir. VTOL özelliği sayesinde, özellikle engebeli ve kısıtlı ortamlarda, uzun iniş ve kalkış pistine ihtiyaç duymadan kullanılabilmektedir. Ayrıca, dört rotorlu, VTOL özelliği taşıyan diğer İHA'lara göre, mekanik olarak daha basit bir yapıya sahiptir. Fakat, belirtilen avantajların yanı sıra, dört rotorlu, yüksek derecede doğrusal olmayan ve kararsız bir dinamiğe sahiptir. Bu nedenle, dört rotorlu'nun otonom kontrolü çeşitli zorluklar içermektedir ve bir çok araştırmacının ilgisini çekmektedir.Bu çalışmada, dört rotorlu bir insansız hava aracının, doğrusal olmayan bir kontrol metodu olan geri-adımlama yöntemi kullanılarak, yol(yörünge) takibi kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Kontrol sistemi oluşturulurken, dört rotorlu'nun yönelimi iç döngü olarak, pozisyonu ise dış döngü olarak kontrol edilerek, hava aracının istenilen yolu yüksek doğrulukla takip etmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak, dört rotorlu'nun doğrusal olmayan dinamik modeli Newton hareket denklemleri kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan bu model simülasyonlarda dinamik model olarak kullanılmıştır. Daha sonrasında, doğrusal olmayan dinamik model, kontrolcü tasarımında kullanılmak üzere, belirli varsayımlar aracılığıyla basitleştirilmiştir. Basitleştirilmiş dinamik model kullanılarak, geri adımlamalı kontrolcü, üç aşamada elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen kontrolcü, MATLAB/Simulink ortamında modellenmiş ve test edilmiştir. Ayrıca, kontrolcünün güçlü derecedeki bozuculara karşı dayanıklılığı da simülasyon ortamında denenmiştir. Elde edilen simülasyon sonuçları, geri-adımlamalı kontrolcü sayesinde, istenilen yolun yüksek doğrulukta takip edildiğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, bozucular eklenerek yapılan simülasyonlarda, kontrolcünün güçlü derecedeki çeşitli bozucuları etkili şekilde bastırdığı görülmüştür.
Gaz türbini kanatlari kanallarinda soğutma performansinin araştirilmasi
Authors: Uysal Ünal , Korkmaz Yüksel , Sözbir Nedim , Hirca A. Hakan 
Published: January 2015

ÖzetTürbin kanatlarının soğutulması farklı bölgelerinde farklı soğutma teknikleri kullanarak yapılmaktadır. Kompresörde üretilen havanın yaklaşık %20’si soğutma sistemlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Kanat içine gönderilen bu hava önce iç kanallardan daha sonrada kanat dış profili üzerinden ve kanat uç kısmından dışarıya atılarak soğutma gerçekleştirilir. Bu soğutma tekniklerinin iç soğutma ve yüzeyde hava filmi meydana getirme ve çarpmalı jetle soğutma teknikleri uygulanmaktadır. Kanatta iç soğutma yapılması için bazen U şeklinde soğutma kanalları kullanılmaktadır.Bu kanallarda çeşitli açılarda kanatçıklar (ripler) kullanılarak soğutma performansları arttırılmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada U şeklindeki 180° dönüşlü düz bir kanalın ve alt ve üst yüzeylerine 90° ve 45° yerleştirilen kanatçıkların yerleştirildiği kanallardaki soğutma performansına etkisi 3 farklı Reynolds sayısı (22000, 27500 ve 33000) için deneysel olarak sıvı kristal termografisi metoduyla kanal yüzeyindeki ısı geçiş katsayısı ve Nu sayısının değişimi araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar jet geometrisinin etkisi, Reynolds sayısının etkisi, kanal içindeki hız dağılımı ve ısı geçiş katsayısı dağılımları gösterilmiştir.
South Asian monsoon history over the past 60 kyr recorded by radiogenic isotopes and clay mineral assemblages in the Andaman Sea
Authors: Ali Sajid , Hathorne Ed C. , Frank Martin , Gebregiorgis Daniel , Stattegger Karl , Stumpf Roland , Kutterolf Steffen , Johnson Joel E. , Giosan Liviu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Late Quaternary variability of the South Asian (or Indian) monsoon has been linked with glacial‐interglacial and millennial scale climatic changes but past rainfall intensity in the river catchments draining into the Andaman Sea remains poorly constrained. Here we use radiogenic Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope compositions of the detrital clay‐size fraction and clay mineral assemblages obtained from sediment core NGHP Site 17 in the Andaman Sea to reconstruct the variability of the South Asian monsoon during the past 60 kyr. Over this time interval εNd values changed little, generally oscillating between −7.3 and −5.3 and the Pb isotope signatures are essentially invariable, which is in contrast to a record located further northeast in the Andaman Sea. This indicates that the source of the detrital clays did not change significantly during the last glacial and deglaciation suggesting the monsoon was spatially stable. The most likely source region is the Irrawaddy river catchment including the Indo‐Burman Ranges with a possible minor contribution from the Andaman Islands. High smectite/(illite + chlorite) ratios (up to 14), as well as low 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.711) for the Holocene period indicate enhanced chemical weathering and a stronger South Asian monsoon compared to marine oxygen isotope stages 2 and 3. Short, smectite‐poor intervals exhibit markedly radiogenic Sr isotope compositions and document weakening of the South Asian monsoon, which may have been linked to short‐term northern Atlantic climate variability on millennial time scales.
Dynamic connectivity in a fluvial network for identifying hotspots of geomorphic change
Authors: Czuba Jonathan A. , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDynamical processes occurring on the hierarchical branching structure of a river network tend to heterogeneously distribute fluxes on the network, often concentrating them into “clusters,” i.e., places of excess flux accumulation. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that places in the network predisposed (due to process dynamics and network topology) to accumulate excess sediment over a considerable river reach and over a considerable period of time reflect locations where a local imbalance in sediment flux may occur thereby highlighting a susceptibility to potential fluvial geomorphic change. We develop a dynamic connectivity framework which uses the river network structure and a simplified Lagrangian transport model to trace fluxes through the network and integrate emergent “clusters” through a cluster persistence index (CPI). The framework was applied to sand transport in the Greater Blue Earth River Network in the Minnesota River Basin. Three hotspots of fluvial geomorphic change were defined as locations where high rates of channel migration were observed and places of high CPI coincided with two of these hotspots of possibly sediment‐driven change. The third hotspot was not identified by high CPI, but instead is believed to be a hotspot of streamflow‐driven change based on additional information and the fact that high bed shear stress coincided with this hotspot. The proposed network‐based dynamic connectivity framework has the potential to place dynamical processes occurring at small scales into a network context to understand how reach‐scale changes cascade into network‐scale effects, useful for informing the large‐scale consequences of local management actions.
Impact of space‐time mesh adaptation on solute transport modeling in porous media
Authors: Esfandiar Bahman , Porta Giovanni , Perotto Simona , Guadagnini Alberto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe implement a space‐time grid adaptation procedure to efficiently improve the accuracy of numerical simulations of solute transport in porous media in the context of model parameter estimation. We focus on the Advection Dispersion Equation (ADE) for the interpretation of nonreactive transport experiments in laboratory‐scale heterogeneous porous media. When compared to a numerical approximation based on a fixed space‐time discretization, our approach is grounded on a joint automatic selection of the spatial grid and the time step to capture the main (space‐time) system dynamics. Spatial mesh adaptation is driven by an anisotropic recovery‐based error estimator which enables us to properly select the size, shape, and orientation of the mesh elements. Adaptation of the time step is performed through an ad hoc local reconstruction of the temporal derivative of the solution via a recovery‐based approach. The impact of the proposed adaptation strategy on the ability to provide reliable estimates of the key parameters of an ADE model is assessed on the basis of experimental solute breakthrough data measured following tracer injection in a nonuniform porous system. Model calibration is performed in a Maximum Likelihood (ML) framework upon relying on the representation of the ADE solution through a generalized Polynomial Chaos Expansion (gPCE). Our results show that the proposed anisotropic space‐time grid adaptation leads to ML parameter estimates and to model results of markedly improved quality when compared to classical inversion approaches based on a uniform space‐time discretization.
An Introduction to Planarians and Their Stem Cells
Authors: Aboukhatwa Ellen , Aboobaker Aziz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Of all animals, it is perhaps planarians that have the greatest ability to regenerate. These once classical classroom organisms have now become the subject of advanced molecular genetic studies that have the potential to inform us about our own biology. Regeneration relies upon a population of pluripotent adult stem cells, called neoblasts. These collectively pluripotent stem cells underpin the regenerative capacity of planarians. The underlying molecular mechanisms controlling their proliferation, self‐renewal and differentiation are now being described. In particular, progress has been made in describing the expression profile of these cells and identifying some of the molecular mechanisms that regulate their behaviour leading to a better understanding of how these cells power regeneration.

Key Concepts

Planarians are bilaterians and share many cell and tissue types with other animals including vertebrates.

Planarians are able to mount a profound regenerative response to wounding allowing even small fragments to regenerate whole new worms.

Planarian regeneration requires the proliferation and differentiation of a population of pluripotent stem cell population called neoblasts.

Expression profiling of the neoblast population shows they are a heterogeneous population and express gene regulatory networks in common with both somatic and germline stem cells

Many cell biological and molecular genetic approaches can be used to study gene function in planarians allowing novel biological insights to be made, relevant to our own biology.

Current research has uncovered many important regulatory processes that regulate stem cells, including those regulated by transcription factors, chromatin modification and RNA binding proteins.

Future work will uncover the detailed mechanisms that control stem cell proliferation, self‐renewal and differentiation as well as how missing structures are accurately restored.
Methods for Live Microscopy ofDrosophilaSpermatocytes
Authors: Savoian Matthew S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster offers a rich and varied source of differentiated cell types. This and its exceptional experimental tractability make it well suited for cell cycle or other developmental biology investigations. In particular, the sperm‐producing cells of the testes provide a powerful system for studying the mechanics of cell division. These meiotically dividing primary spermatocytes can be easily isolated from the testes of mutant or transgenic animals and maintained in short‐term primary cultures. The cells' large and flat geometry makes them amenable to a variety of live cell light‐microscopy‐based observation methods. Single‐plane transmitted light time‐lapse imaging and more advanced multi‐dimensional widefield or confocal fluorescence microscopy have been used to define the morphological and kinetic changes that accompany processes ranging from meiotic chromosome segregation to microtubule dynamics. The ability to document such dynamic changes underscores the power of live cell imaging in understanding cell physiology and function.Key ConceptsDrosophilais an experimentally tractable source of different cell types.Male meiotic primary spermatocytes provide a powerful model system for studying cell division.These large flat cells are easily cultured for live cell light microscopy.Transmitted light and fluorescence imaging methods can be used separately or in tandem to record different dynamic processes during cell division.
Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: Lehosit Jessica B , Pirmohamed Fermina , Vijayakumar Dhanya , Cloud Leslie J 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTardive syndromes (TS) are a group of related iatrogenic disorders characterised by persistent abnormal involuntary movements resulting from the use of dopamine receptor blocking medications, which are often used to treat psychiatric and gastrointestinal conditions. The most common of the TS is classic tardive dyskinesia, characterised by involuntary stereotypic movements in the mouth region such as lip smacking or pursing, chewing, facial grimacing and tongue movements. TS can be highly disabling, difficult to treat and have the potential to be permanent, making their prevention of paramount importance. The pathophysiological basis of the TS is poorly understood. Treatment options include oral medications, botulinum toxin injections and deep brain stimulation surgery. More research is needed to determine the best available treatment options and to identify new treatments.Key ConceptsTardive syndromes are a group of related iatrogenic disorders characterised by persistent abnormal involuntary movements.They result from the long‐term use of dopamine receptor blocking medications, which are often used in the treatment of psychiatric and gastroenterological conditions.Tardive syndromes can persist after discontinuation of the causative drug and have the potential to be permanent.There are various forms of tardive syndromes, the most common of which is classic tardive dyskinesia, described as repetitive, rhythmic, involuntary movements that are typically present in the mouth region.Elderly individuals, women, diabetics and non‐whites appear to be most vulnerable to the development of tardive dyskinesia.Treatment options for tardive syndromes are limited, and more research is needed to determine the best available treatment strategies and to identify potential new therapies.
Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes
Authors: Apostolou Paraskevi , Vratimos Athanassios , Fostira Florentia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Hereditary breast cancer is mainly attributed to loss‐of‐function mutations in
BRCA1
and
BRCA2
genes, which constitute the most important of the known breast cancer susceptibility genes in terms of high penetrance and clinical significance. Such mutations confer elevated breast and ovarian cancer risk, in comparison to the general population, while diagnosis usually occurs in young ages.

The evolution of sequencing technologies led to the identification of additional candidate breast cancer genes, most of which are considered to confer intermediate susceptibility. The majority of these genes are co‐players of
BRCA
genes in major repair mechanisms, which are essential in maintaining genomic integrity. Loss‐of‐function mutations identified in their loci are often associated with rare cancer syndromes that involve a broad spectrum of malignancies.

Genetic testing that involves the molecular analysis of hereditary breast cancer cases provides important information, able to orientate appropriate clinical decisions for the overall benefit of the individual carrying mutations in specific key genes.

Key Concepts

Hereditary breast cancer is associated with loss‐of‐function mutations in cancer‐predisposing genes.

BRCA1
and
BRCA2
are the most commonly mutated genes accounting for 5–10% of hereditary breast cancer cases.

BRCA
mutation carriers face a lifetime risk for both breast and ovarian cancer that can be as high as 82% and 44%, respectively.

A young age of breast cancer diagnosis is often observed in hereditary breast cancer cases.

At least 15 more genes have been associated with breast cancer susceptibility, most of which show intermediate penetrance and are rarely mutated.

Breast cancer genes encode for proteins that maintain genomic integrity through their catalytic role in DNA damage repair pathways (homologous recombination).

Molecular analysis of breast cancer predisposing genes is valuable for diagnosis, customised therapeutics and clinical management.
Policy‐Into‐Practice for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Randomized Controlled Trial and Cohort Study of E‐Learning Targeting Improved Physiotherapy Management
Authors: Fary Robyn E. , Slater Helen , Chua Jason , Ranelli Sonia , Chan Madelynn , Briggs Andrew M. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of a physiotherapy‐specific, web‐based e‐learning platform, “RAP‐el,” in best‐practice management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a single‐blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) and prospective cohort study.MethodsAustralian‐registered physiotherapists were electronically randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group accessed RAP‐eL over 4 weeks. Change in self‐reported confidence in knowledge and skills was compared between groups at the end of the RCT using linear regression conditioned for baseline scores by a blinded assessor, using intent‐to‐treat analysis. Secondary outcomes included physiotherapists’ satisfaction with RA management and responses to RA‐relevant clinical statements and practice‐relevant vignettes. Retention was evaluated in a cohort study 8 weeks after the RCT.ResultsEighty physiotherapists were randomized into the intervention and 79 into the control groups. Fifty‐six and 48, respectively, provided baseline data. Significant between‐group differences were observed for change in confidence in knowledge (mean difference 8.51; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 6.29, 10.73; effect size 1.62) and skills (mean difference 7.26; 95% CI 5.1, 9.4; effect size 1.54), with the intervention group performing better. Satisfaction in ability to manage RA, 4 of the 6 clinical statements, and responses to vignettes demonstrated significant improvement in the intervention group. Although 8‐week scores showed declines in most outcomes, their clinical significance remains uncertain.ConclusionRAP‐eL can improve self‐reported confidence, likely practice behaviors and satisfaction in physiotherapists’ ability to manage people with RA, and improve their clinical knowledge in several areas of best‐practice RA management in the short term.