bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of kidney function on outcomes following high risk myocardial infarction: findings from 27 610 patients
Authors: Moukarbel George V. , Yu Zi‐Fan , Dickstein Kenneth , Hou Yingxin (Rachel) , Wittes Janet T. , McMurray John J. V. , Pitt Bertram , Zannad Faiez , Pfeffer Marc A. , Solomon Scott D. 
Published: March 2014

AimsRenal dysfunction is associated with poor cardiovascular outcome. We investigated the relationship of kidney function and long‐term cardiovascular outcomes in patients with high risk myocardial infarction.Methods and resultsWe studied 27 610 patients from four randomized trials of acute myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure and/or LV dysfunction (LVEF ≤40%). Two trials excluded patients with serum creatinine ≥2.5 mg/dL. Patients were grouped by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the four‐component Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. We used adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to compare mortality and composite cardiovascular events among eGFR groups. Median follow‐up was 23 months. The eGFR was approximately normally distributed, with a mean ± SD of 69.1 ± 20.2 mL/min/1.73 m2. Co‐morbidities were more prevalent with lower eGFR. The risk of death or composite outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure hospitalization increased with declining eGFR. Below 75 mL/min/1.73 m2, each 10 unit reduction of eGFR was associated with an adjusted hazard ratio for death of 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.15) and composite cardiovascular outcome of 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.10). Older patients (≥75 years) with low LVEF (<30%) had a higher incidence of mortality and adverse cardiovascular events across eGFR categories.ConclusionsReduced eGFR is strongly and independently associated with poor cardiovascular outcome following high risk myocardial infarction. In these patients, the combination of older age and poor LV systolic function is associated with increased risk of adverse events.
Preparation of Ag‐Modified (B,P)‐Codoped TiO2 Hollow Spheres with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Yu Shuohan , Li Bin , Luo Yidan , Dong Lihui , Fan Minguang , Zhang Feiyue 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Bin Li at Guangxi University, China. The cover image shows that the Ag metal on the surface of the TiO2 photocatalyst enhances the separation of the photoelectrons from the photogenerated holes, delaying the recombination of photoelectron–hole pairs, which improves the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 hollow spheres.
Society matters: The mediational role of social recognition in the relationship between victimization and life satisfaction among gay men
Authors: Bachmann Anne S. , Simon Bernd 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article examines the role of social recognition in the relationship between gay men's victimization and their life satisfaction. Using a comprehensive catalog of victimization, we obtained empirical evidence that strongly suggests that victimization negatively affects gay men's life satisfaction and that this relationship is mainly mediated by a perceived lack of social recognition in society. In addition, although active involvement in the gay community served as a coping mechanism, concealment of one's sexual identity played no role in the victimization–life satisfaction relationship, neither as a coping mechanism nor as a competing mediator. The mediational role of societal recognition underlines the importance of the symbolic meaning of victimization. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction and Application of an Electrochemical Sensor for Simultaneous Determination of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) in Water and Foodstuff Samples
Authors: Afkhami Abbas , Moosavi Razieh , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Keypour Hassan , Ramezani‐Aktij Ameneh , Mirzaei‐Monsef Misagh 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBy incorporation of synthesized magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with a new Schiff base into carbon paste electrode, a novel modified electrode was constructed for simultaneous determination of ultra trace amounts of Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II). The complexation reaction of Schiff base with metal ions was studied spectrophotometrically. Under optimal conditions a detection limit of 0.20, 0.90 and 1.00 ng mL−1 for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II), respectively, was obtained. We take the advantages of the proposed method for simple, rapid, sensitive and selective simultaneous determination of trace amounts of hazardous Cd(II), Cu(II) and Hg(II) in water and foodstuff samples.
Comparison of Structure and Gasification Reactivity of Rapid Pyrolysis Chars of Coal Water Slurries and Parent Coals
Authors: Zhou Zhijie , Ding Lu , Wu Lei , Lin Shanjun , Cui Tongmin , Yu Guangsuo , Wang Fuchen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRapid pyrolysis of coal–water slurries (CWSs) and parent coals were performed in a rapid pyrolysis reactor for three typical Chinese coals (lignite, anthracite, and a petroleum coke as reference). The pyrolysis temperatures ranged from 600 to 1200 °C with an interval of 100 °C. Samples were fed into the reactor within 1.5 min, and the pyrolysis time was controlled to 2 min. The effects of temperature on the yields of char were investigated. As CWS gasification processes usually utilize bituminous coal as feedstock, the structure of chars obtained from Shenfu bituminous coals were characterized by using XRD and BET N2 gas adsorption, and the CO2 gasification reactivity of the chars was examined by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that, as the pyrolysis temperature increases, the char pyrolysis yields differ between CWS and parent coals, in which there is a competition between steam–coal/char reaction and water evaporation in the process. For the Shenfu bituminous coal, the degree of graphitization and the regularity of the microcrystalline structure of CWS chars were slightly higher than those of the parent coal chars, and the specific surface areas of the CWS chars were much higher than those of the parent coal chars. The gasification reactivity of the CWS chars was also higher than that of parent coal chars.
Kombination von Ultraschall‐ und Druckwellenverfahren zur innovativen Regenerierung von Brunnen
Authors: Abramova Anna , Schneider Wilfried , Maximov German 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDie Effektivität von Brunnenregenerierungen kann dadurch gesteigert werden, dass Ultraschall‐ und Druckwellenverfahren kombiniert angewandt werden. Durch theoretische Analysen wird gezeigt, dass die Wirktiefen der beiden Verfahren unterschiedlich sind. Während das Ultraschallverfahren stark im Bereich des Brunnenfilters wirkt, reicht die Wirkung des Druckwellenverfahrens in den Kiesfilter bis zur Bohrlochwand sowie in den angrenzenden Grundwasserleiter hinein. Die Verbreitung der Signale in der Brunnenumgebung wurde numerisch modelliert. Durch diese theoretischen Analysen, verknüpft mit Experimenten im Labor und Gelände, konnte bewiesen werden, dass durch die Verfahrenskombination höhere Wirkungsgrade bei der Brunnenregenerierung erreicht werden können, als bei der alleinigen Anwendung von Ultraschall.Combination of ultrasound and shockwaves for innovative regeneration of wells. The effectiveness of regeneration of wells can be enhanced if ultrasound and shockwaves are used during the same treatment. It is theoretically shown that the two methods have different depths of impact. Whereas the ultrasonic method has a strong impact on the area of the well screen, the impact of the shock waves is focused on the gavel pack, the wall of the well and the adjacent aquifer. The propagation of the signals in the formation near the well was modeled numerical. By a theoretical analysis combined with experiments in lab and field it was proven that the regeneration of wells using a combination of ultrasound and shockwaves is much more effective than the regeneration by means of ultrasound only.
Versagensform und Nachweisformat beim hydraulischen Grundbruch – Plädoyer für den Terzaghi‐Körper
Authors: Aulbach Benjamin , Ziegler Martin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn jüngster Vergangenheit wurden auf diversen Tagungen Diskussionen bezüglich des tatsächlichen Ablaufs bzw. der Versagensform des hydraulischen Grundbruchs und dem daraus abzuleitenden Nachweisformat geführt. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Versuche und Untersuchungen seit Karl Terzaghi bis heute. Sowohl diverse Versuche als auch eigene numerische Berechnungen bestätigen, dass der sogenannte Terzaghi‐Körper ein Gedanken‐ und Rechenmodell ist, das die Vorgänge des hydraulischen Grundbruchs in nichtbindigem Baugrund hinreichend genau erfasst und in der Regel für den Sicherheitsnachweis verwendet werden sollte. Lediglich bei bindigen Böden oder speziellen Randbedingungen wie Auflastfiltern und Entspannungsbohrungen sollten erweiterte Modelle und Methoden verwendet werden.Phenomena and design procedure of hydraulic heave – Plea for the Terzaghi‐body. These days the phenomena of hydraulic heave and the way of verification of resistance to failure by hydraulic heave have been discussed on several conferences. This paper gives an overview of model tests beginning with Karl Terzaghi up to today. Different model tests as well as own numerical investigations show that the so called Terzaghi‐body is a well‐fitting model. It sufficiently describes the phenomena of hydraulic heave in non‐cohesive soil and thus normally should be used for the verification of resistance to failure by hydraulic heave. Only for cohesive soils or special conditions like surcharge filters and bleeder wells more detailed models and methods should be applied.
Developmental changes in brain activation involved in the production of novel speech sounds in children
Authors: Hashizume Hiroshi , Taki Yasuyuki , Sassa Yuko , Thyreau Benjamin , Asano Michiko , Asano Kohei , Takeuchi Hikaru , Nouchi Rui , Kotozaki Yuka , Jeong Hyeonjeong , Sugiura Motoaki , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOlder children are more successful at producing unfamiliar, non‐native speech sounds than younger children during the initial stages of learning. To reveal the neuronal underpinning of the age‐related increase in the accuracy of non‐native speech production, we examined the developmental changes in activation involved in the production of novel speech sounds using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Healthy right‐handed children (aged 6–18 years) were scanned while performing an overt repetition task and a perceptual task involving aurally presented non‐native and native syllables. Productions of non‐native speech sounds were recorded and evaluated by native speakers. The mouth regions in the bilateral primary sensorimotor areas were activated more significantly during the repetition task relative to the perceptual task. The hemodynamic response in the left inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis (IFG pOp) specific to non‐native speech sound production (defined by prior hypothesis) increased with age. Additionally, the accuracy of non‐native speech sound production increased with age. These results provide the first evidence of developmental changes in the neural processes underlying the production of novel speech sounds. Our data further suggest that the recruitment of the left IFG pOp during the production of novel speech sounds was possibly enhanced due to the maturation of the neuronal circuits needed for speech motor planning. This, in turn, would lead to improvement in the ability to immediately imitate non‐native speech. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4079–4089, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of recurrent alveolar soft‐part sarcoma of the tongue after external beam radiotherapy with iodine‐125 seed brachytherapy
Authors: Meng Na , Zhang Xiaomeng , Liao Anyan , Tian Suqing , Ran Weiqiang , Gao Yang , Wang Jun Jie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma. The infrequency of ASPS is such that it accounts for <1% of all soft tissue sarcomas and <0.1% of sarcomas concerning the head and neck, primarily those involving the orbit (48%) and tongue (25%). Traditional chemotherapy or radiotherapy of ASPS is often associated with poor outcome, even after comprehensive interventions.Methods and ResultsWe performed iodine‐125 (125I) seed brachytherapy under ultrasound guidance through a submandibular puncture in a 4‐year‐old boy with recurrent ASPS of the tongue. The prescription dose was 120 Gy; therefore, 35 125I seeds were implanted with 0.77 mCi per seed, the total amount of activity being 26.95 mCi. CT scans confirmed a complete response after the treatment.ConclusionOur patient now has a recurrent‐free survival of >30 months, an amount of time longer than the median rate described in the literature. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E125–E128, 2014
The Role of pH in the Mechanism of.OH Radical Induced Oxidation of Nicotine
Authors: Kosno Katarzyna , Janik Ireneusz , Celuch Monika , Mirkowski Jacek , Kisała Joanna , Pogocki Dariusz 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe.OH radical induced oxidation of nicotine was studied using pulse radiolysis techniques from pH 1 to 13.6. Theoretical calculations were used to help interpret the experimental results. The bond dissociation enthalpies of all of the CH bonds of nicotine were determined using DFT calculations, coupled with the isodesmic reaction. From time‐dependent density functional response theory, estimates were obtained of the location of the dominant transient absorption bands (λmax), their intensities (electronic oscillator strength,f), and the electronic composition of these transitions. OH radicals as well as other potent oxidants reacted with free nicotine through separated, concerted electronproton transfer, leading mostly to the formation of an alpha‐aminoalkyl radical located on the C2′carbon of the aliphatic ring (A2′). Protonated nicotine underwent hydrogen atom abstraction at the C2′and N1′positions, resulting in the formation of the conjugate acid ofA2′(A2′H+) and the alkylamine radical cation (N+), respectively. Doubly protonated nicotine underwent the same reaction pathways, leading to two corresponding conjugate acid species, protonated at the aromatic nitrogen position:PyrH+A2′H+andPyrH+N+.All these radicals interconverted between each other through hydrolytic reactions. The radicalA2′and its conjugate acidPyrH+A2′absorbed 10 times stronger than theN+species, based on calculations off. From the growth of the transient absorption ofA2′(λmax=330 nm,ε=8080 M−1 cm−1), second‐order rate constants were determined:k(OH+Nic)=6.7×109 M−1 s −1,k(OH+NicH)=1.0×109 M−1 s−1. The alpha‐aminoalkyl radicals decayed by disproportionation to form iminium cations1–5, which contributed to an increase in the specific conductivity of the basic solutions of nicotine following electron pulse irradiation.
Immobilized chicks as a model system for early‐onset developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Nowlan Niamh C. , Chandaria Vikesh , Sharpe James 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe have almost no understanding of how our joints take on their range of distinctive shapes, despite the clinical relevance of joint morphogenesis to postnatal skeletal malformations such as developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). In this study, we investigate the role of spontaneous prenatal movements in joint morphogenesis using pharmacological immobilization of developing chicks, and assess the system as a suitable model for early‐onset hip dysplasia. We show that, prior to joint cavitation, the lack of dynamic muscle contractions has little impact on the shape of the hip joint. However, after the timepoint at which cavitation occurs, a dramatic effect on hip joint morphogenesis was observed. Effects in the immobilized chicks included flattening of the proximal femur, abnormal orientation of the pelvis relative to the femur and abnormal placement and coverage of the acetabulum. Although many clinical case studies have identified reduced or restricted movement as a risk factor for DDH, this study provides the first experimental evidence of the role of prenatal movements in early hip joint development. We propose that the immobilized chick embryo serves as a suitable model system for the type of early‐onset DDH which arises due to neuromuscular conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:777–785, 2014.
Targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors as a new strategy against levodopa‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Picconi Barbara , Calabresi Paolo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLevodopa‐induced dyskinesias (LIDs) represent one major motor disability of Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. Thus, research effort is still devoted to finding agents that may improve parkinsonism and concomitantly reduce or avoid dyskinesia. Rodent and nonhuman primate models provide useful tools to study the molecular and neuronal bases of LIDs. Among the various strategies investigated recently, the use of drugs targeting metabotropic glutamate receptors has received large attention. In particular, use of antagonists of the subtype 5 of metabotropic glutamate receptors revealed promising preclinical and clinical results. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Unique Pharmacological Characteristics of Mifepristone (RU486): From Terminating Pregnancy to Preventing Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Wang Jichuang , Shao Jingwei , Gao Yu , Xu Jianguo , Yu Suhong , Liu Zhenhua , Jia Lee 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMifepristone (RU486) is a born‐for‐woman molecule discovered three decades ago. Unlike those antihypertensive and antipsychotic pharmaceutical blockbusters, this abortifacient offers relatively low profit potential. Current understanding of mechanism of action of mifepristone and its on‐going clinical trials are changing our views on the drug beyond its abortifacient scope. Here we briefly review its metabolism and pharmacokinetic properties including its unique enterohepatic circulation, its mechanisms of actions involving antiprogesterone and antiglucocorticoid, growth inhibition of various cancer cell lines, suppression of invasive and metastatic cancer potential, downregulation of Cdk2, Bcl‐2, and NF‐kappa B, interference of heterotypic cell adhesion to basement membrane, and cell migration. We comprehensively analyze recent results from preclinical and clinical studies using mifepristone as an anticancer drug for breast, meningioma, and gliomas tumors in the central nervous system, prostate cancer, ovarian and endometrial cancer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Although mifepristone has more benefits for global public health than we originally thought, its effect as a postmetastatic chemotherapeutic agent is limited. Nonetheless, owing to its unique safe, metabolism and other pharmacological properties, metapristone (the primary metabolite of mifepristone) may have potential for cancer metastatic chemoprevention.
The gap between the first two eigenvalues for Schrödinger operators with Dirichlet–Neumann boundary condition
Authors: Yu Xiu‐Juan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the Schrödinger operator

urn:x-wiley:1704214:media:mma3027:mma3027-math-0001
where the potential q(x) is single‐well with transition point
is considered. Suppose {λn}n ≥ 1 is the set of eigenvalues for the previous Schrödinger operator and the potential q(x) possesses an additional condition, we show that the first two eigenvalues λ2 and λ1 satisfy

urn:x-wiley:1704214:media:mma3027:mma3027-math-0003
Equality holds if and only if q(x) is a constant. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivation of Korteweg–de Vries flow equations from the short‐wave model equation
Authors: Koparan Murat 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe perform a multiple‐time scales analysis and compatibility condition to the short‐wave model equation. We derive Korteweg–de Vries flow equation in the bi‐Hamiltonian form as an amplitude equation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On an incompressible model in radiation hydrodynamics
Authors: Ducomet Bernard , Nečasová Šárka 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe consider a simplified model arising in radiation hydrodynamics based on the incompressible Navier–Stokes–Fourier system describing a macroscopic fluid motion coupled to a transport equation modeling the propagation of radiative intensity. We establish global‐in‐time existence for the associated initial‐boundary value problem in the framework of weak solutions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycyrrhizic acid attenuated glycative stress in kidney of diabetic mice through enhancing glyoxalase pathway
Authors: Wang Zhi‐hong , Hsieh Cheng‐Hong , Liu Wen‐hu , Yin Mei‐chin 
Published: March 2014

ScopeAntiglycative effects of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) in kidney of diabetic mice were examined.Methods and resultsGA at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2% was supplied to diabetic mice for 9 wk. Results showed that GA intake increased its deposit in kidney, raised plasma insulin level, decreased plasma glucose and blood urine nitrogen levels, and improved creatinine clearance rate (p < 0.05). GA intake dose‐dependently reduced renal carboxymethyllysine level, and at 0.1 and 0.2% decreased plasma HbA1c, urinary glycated albumin, and renal pentosidine levels (p < 0.05). Dietary GA intake declined renal aldose reductase activity and protein expression, as well as lowered renal fructose and sorbitol levels (p < 0.05). GA intake dose‐dependently increased glyoxalase‐1 activity and expression, and decreased renal methylglyoxal level (p < 0.05). This compound at 0.1 and 0.2% raised glyoxalase‐2 activity and protein expression, and increased d‐lactate formation (p < 0.05). GA intake dose‐dependently suppressed renal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 and p‐p38, decreased reactive oxygen species production, and retained glutathione content (p < 0.05). This compound at 0.1 and 0.2% downregulated renal expression of NF‐κB p50 and p‐ERK1/2 (p < 0.05), and lowered renal level of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that glycyrrhizic acid is an antiglycative and renal‐protective agent.
SHARP edges: Recovering cortical phase contrast through harmonic extension
Authors: Topfer Ryan , Schweser Ferdinand , Deistung Andreas , Reichenbach Jürgen R. , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: March 2014

PurposeTo recover local phase contrast at the edges of the brain (e.g., cortex), where it is otherwise unavailable with the conventional form of the technique sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data (SHARP).MethodsA harmonic potential field, such as the magnetic “background” field, is an analytic field and can thus be represented by a convergent power series. Using SHARP to obtain an initial estimate of the harmonic background field over a reduced inner portion of the brain, a three‐dimensional Taylor expansion was performed to extend field coverage to the brain edges. The method, called Extended‐SHARP, was quantitatively assessed through a numerical field‐forward simulation and qualitatively demonstrated in vivo.ResultsUsing a typical spherical kernel (6 mm radius), Extended‐SHARP recovered on average 26% more in vivo brain volume than SHARP. When applied to the numerical model, local field contrast around an otherwise lost edge source was recovered, with the resulting error comparable to that of conventional SHARP.ConclusionThe lost field values near the edges of the brain can be recovered through an easily implemented adaptation to conventional SHARP. Magn Reson Med 73:851–856, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.