bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Dynamic Spectral Imaging System colposcopy replace conventional colposcopy in the detection of high‐grade cervical lesions?
Authors: Roensbo Mette T. , Hammer Anne , Blaakær Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe sensitivity of conventional colposcopy for the detection of high‐grade cervical lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stage 2 or above; CIN2+) is poor. We aimed to investigate if a Dynamic Spectral Imaging System (DySIS) can enhance or replace conventional colposcopy in clinical practice. From 3 December 2013 to 29 January 2014 a total of 239 women were included. All women were referred to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus, Denmark because of an abnormal cytology result. Every woman had three to five cervical punch biopsies taken; two biopsies were taken following DySIS recommendations. Subsequent biopsies were taken following the clinician's assessment or randomly. DySIS allowed detection of five CIN2+ cases (7.4%) that would not have been detected otherwise, but it failed to detect 46 of CIN2+ cases (67.6%). The sensitivity and specificity of DySIS for detecting CIN2+ was 32.4 and 83.0%, respectively. DySIS colposcopy seemed inferior to conventional colposcopy in detecting high‐grade lesions and cannot replace conventional colposcopy with random biopsies.
Intrafollicular iron and ferritin in women with ovarian endometriomas
Authors: Benaglia Laura , Paffoni Alessio , Mangiarini Alice , Restelli Liliana , Bettinardi Nora , Somigliana Edgardo , Vercellini Paolo , Fedele Luigi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether iron contained in ovarian endometriomas can diffuse through the cyst wall and negatively affect ovarian function.DesignProspective case series.SettingInfertility unit in an academic setting.PopulationThirty‐nine infertile women with unilateral endometriomas who underwent in vitro fertilization.MethodsIron and ferritin assessments in pools of follicular fluids obtained from affected and contralateral intact gonads.Main outcome measuresIron and ferritin concentrations.ResultsFollicular fluid iron content did not differ between the two gonads. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] follicular concentrations in the affected and unaffected ovaries were 59 (IQR 44–74) and 59 (IQR 47–73) μg/dL, respectively (p = 0.77). Conversely, ferritin concentration was significantly higher in affected gonads. The median (IQR) concentrations of ferritin in the affected and unaffected ovaries were 57 (IQR 31–146) and 33 (IQR 23–67) μg/mL, respectively (p = 0.026). When considering together the 78 studied ovaries, no significant correlations emerged between follicular iron and ferritin and variables reflecting ovarian responsiveness and oocyte developmental competence.ConclusionsIron may diffuse from ovarian endometriomas into the adjacent ovarian tissue. However, this phenomenon does not appear to markedly affect ovarian function. Some effective biological mechanisms such as ferritin storage may effectively sequester free iron, so limiting its detrimental effects.
Preterm birth and social inequality: assessing the effects of material and psychosocial disadvantage in a UK birth cohort
Authors: Snelgrove John W. , Murphy Kellie E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between social inequalities and preterm birth, testing both psychosocial and material determinants.DesignRetrospective cohort study with linked hospital data.Setting and population17 285 women in England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales giving birth to singletons included in wave 1 of the UK Millennium Cohort Study.MethodsSocial inequalities were measured with material (household income, housing tenure) and psychosocial (education, occupational class, employment, social support) indicators. Analysis using multivariable logistic regression assessed odds of preterm birth, adjusting for demographics, health and health‐related behaviors, pregnancy and delivery conditions, and pregnancy complications.Main outcome measurePreterm birth between 24 and 36 weeks, 6 days' gestation.ResultsInitial bivariable analysis suggested associations between preterm birth and household income, housing tenure, and education. These effects were largely explained by adjustment for other social determinants in multivariable models. Following full adjustment, effects of unemployment [OR = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.90, p < 0.001] and one indicator of poor social support (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.35, p = 0.04) remained significant.ConclusionUnemployment and lack of social support are associated with higher risk of preterm birth, supporting the hypothesis that poor psychosocial circumstances elevate a woman's risk of this adverse perinatal outcome. Further research is needed to examine the causal pathways through which social inequalities affect preterm birth.
Transperineal ultrasonography for labor management: accuracy and reliability
Authors: Yuce Tuncay , Kalafat Erkan , Koc Acar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare ultrasound measurements and clinical assessments of cervical dilatation, fetal head station and fetal head position.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingTertiary care center (Ankara University Hospital), labor ward.PopulationForty‐three women in labor.MethodsWomen were prospectively evaluated through simultaneous examinations (79 in total). Dilatation, head station, and position were recorded via digital examination whenever possible and were compared with ultrasonographic measurements of dilatation, angle of progression, head–perineum distance, and head position by two independent operators. Operators were blinded to each other's findings.Main outcome measuresAgreement between sonographic measurements and digital examinations.ResultsUltrasonographic assessment of dilatation correlated significantly with digital examination. The interclass correlation coefficient of the two methods was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.73–0.88). Ultrasonography showed a mean lower cervical dilatation of 10 mm (95% limits of agreement: −36 to 16 mm) compared with digital examination. The angle of progression and head–perineum distances correlated moderately with the palpated head station (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.55 and −0.42, respectively; p < 0.001). Position could only be assessed in 40 of 79 examinations by digital examinations and the results showed low agreement with ultrasound findings.ConclusionWe observed good agreement between clinical and ultrasound assessment of dilatation, moderate agreement in assessing fetal station and low agreement assessing head position.
Capillary growth, ultrastructure remodelling and exercise training in skeletal muscle of essential hypertensive patients
Authors: Gliemann L. , Buess R. , Nyberg M. , Hoppeler H. , Odriozola A. , Thaning P. , Hellsten Y. , Baum O. , Mortensen S. P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThe aim was to elucidate whether essential hypertension is associated with altered capillary morphology and density and to what extent exercise training can normalize these parameters.MethodsTo investigate angiogenesis and capillary morphology in essential hypertension, muscle biopsies were obtained from m. vastus lateralis in subjects with essential hypertension (n = 10) and normotensive controls (n = 11) before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training. Morphometry was performed after transmission electron microscopy, and protein levels of several angioregulatory factors were determined.ResultsAt baseline, capillary density and capillary‐to‐fibre ratio were not different between the two groups. However, the hypertensive subjects had 9% lower capillary area (12.7 ± 0.4 vs. 13.9 ± 0.2 μm2) and tended to have thicker capillary basement membranes (399 ± 16 vs. 358 ± 13 nm; P = 0.094) than controls. Protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor‐2 and thrombospondin‐1 were similar in normotensive and hypertensive subjects, but tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase was 69% lower in the hypertensive group. After training, angiogenesis was evident by 15% increased capillary‐to‐fibre ratio in the hypertensive subjects only. Capillary area and capillary lumen area were increased by 7 and 15% in the hypertensive patients, whereas capillary basement membrane thickness was decreased by 17% (P < 0.05). VEGF expression after training was increased in both groups, whereas VEGF receptor‐2 was decreased by 25% in the hypertensive patients(P < 0.05).ConclusionEssential hypertension is associated with decreased lumen area and a tendency for increased basement membrane thickening in capillaries of skeletal muscle. Exercise training may improve the diffusion conditions in essential hypertension by altering capillary structure and capillary number.
Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with new onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Fu S.‐C. , Huang Y.‐W. , Wang T.‐C. , Hu J.‐T. , Chen D.‐S. , Yang S.‐S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundDiabetes increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, the time‐relationship between hepatitis B virus and diabetes for the development of HCC remains unclear.AimTo explore the risk of HCC in chronic hepatitis B patients with newly diagnosed diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cohort study by using Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, which covers over 99% of entire population. Among randomly sampled one million enrollees, 14 523 chronic hepatitis B patients were diagnosed in years 1997–2009. We defined new onset diabetes as patients who were given the diagnosis in the years 1999–2009, but not in 1997–1998. The cohorts of chronic hepatitis B with new onset diabetes (n = 2099) and 1:1 ratio age‐, gender‐ and inception point (onset date of diabetes)‐ matched nondiabetes (n = 2080) were followed up from the inception point until development of HCC, withdrawal from insurance or December 2009.ResultsAfter adjustment for competing mortality, patients with new onset diabetes had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of HCC [relative risk = 1.628, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.114–2.378, modified log‐rank test, P = 0.012] as compared to nondiabetes patients. After adjustment for age, gender, hyperlipidaemia, chronic hepatitis B treatment, statins therapy, cirrhosis, comorbidity index and obesity, diabetes was still an independent predictor for HCC (hazard ratio = 1.798, 95% CI = 1.194–2.707, P = 0.005).ConclusionChronic hepatitis B patients with newly diagnosed diabetes have an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma over time.
Life expectancy in bipolar disorder
Authors: Kessing Lars Vedel , Vradi Eleni , Andersen Per Kragh 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveLife expectancy in patients with bipolar disorder has been reported to be decreased by 11 to 20 years. These calculations are based on data for individuals at the age of 15 years. However, this may be misleading for patients with bipolar disorder in general as most patients have a later onset of illness. The aim of the present study was to calculate the remaining life expectancy for patients of different ages with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.MethodsUsing nationwide registers of all inpatient and outpatient contacts to all psychiatric hospitals in Denmark from 1970 to 2012 we calculated remaining life expectancies for values of age 15, 25, 35 ⃛ 75 years among all individuals alive in year 2000.ResultsFor the typical male or female patient aged 25 to 45 years, the remaining life expectancy was decreased by 12.0–8.7 years and 10.6–8.3 years, respectively. The ratio between remaining life expectancy in bipolar disorder and that of the general population decreased with age, indicating that patients with bipolar disorder start losing life‐years during early and mid‐adulthood.ConclusionsLife expectancy in bipolar disorder is decreased substantially, but less so than previously reported. Patients start losing life‐years during early and mid‐adulthood.
Predictive classification of correlated targets with application to detection of metastatic cancer using functional CT imaging
Authors: Wang Yuan , Hobbs Brian P. , Hu Jianhua , Ng Chaan S. , Do Kim‐Anh 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPerfusion computed tomography (CTp) is an emerging functional imaging modality that uses physiological models to quantify characteristics pertaining to the passage of fluid through blood vessels. Perfusion characteristics provide physiological correlates for neovascularization induced by tumor angiogenesis. Thus CTp offers promise as a non‐invasive quantitative functional imaging tool for cancer detection, prognostication, and treatment monitoring. In this article, we develop a Bayesian probabilistic framework for simultaneous supervised classification of multivariate correlated objects using separable covariance. The classification approach is applied to discriminate between regions of liver that contain pathologically verified metastases from normal liver tissue using five perfusion characteristics. The hepatic regions tend to be highly correlated due to common vasculature. We demonstrate that simultaneous Bayesian classification yields dramatic improvements in performance in the presence of strong correlation among intra‐subject units, yet remains competitive with classical methods in the presence of weak or no correlation.
The influence of teacher feedback on children's perceptions of student–teacher relationships
Authors: Skipper Yvonne , Douglas Karen 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundTeachers can deliver feedback using person (‘you are clever’) or process terms (‘you worked hard’). Person feedback can lead to negative academic outcomes, but there is little experimental research examining the impact of feedback on children's perceptions of the student–teacher relationship.AimWe examined the effects of person, process, and no feedback on children's perceptions of their relationship with a (fictional) teacher following success and failure.SamplesParticipants were British children (145 aged 9–11 in experiment 1 and 98 aged 7–11 in experiment 2).MethodIn experiment 1, participants read three scenarios where they succeeded and received one of two types of praise (person or process) or no praise. Participants then read two scenarios where they failed. In experiment 2, participants read that they had failed in three tasks and received one of two types of criticism (person or process) or no criticism. Participants then read two scenarios where they succeeded. They rated how much they liked the teacher and how much they felt that the teacher liked them.ResultsChildren felt more positive about the student–teacher relationship following success than failure. Type of praise did not influence perceptions of the student–teacher relationship following success or failure. However, person criticism led children to view the student–teacher relationship more negatively following failure and maintain this negative view following the first success.ConclusionsSuccess appears to be important for developing positive student–teacher relationships. In response to failure, teachers could avoid person criticism which may negatively influence the student–teacher relationship.
Risk of prostate cancer mortality in men with a history of prior cancer
Authors: Dinh Kathryn T. , Mahal Brandon A. , Ziehr David R. , Muralidhar Vinayak , Chen Yu‐Wei , Viswanathan Vidya B. , Nezolosky Michelle D. , Beard Clair J. , Choueiri Toni K. , Martin Neil E. , Orio Peter F. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Nguyen Paul L. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo describe outcomes of patients with prostate cancer diagnosed after another malignancy and identify factors associated with prostate cancer death in this population, as little is known about the clinical significance of prostate cancer as a subsequent malignancy.Patients and MethodsWe studied 18 225 men diagnosed with prostate cancer after another malignancy from 1973 to 2006. We compared demographic and clinical variables, and the proportion of death from prostate cancer vs prior malignancy with t‐test and chi‐squared analyses. Fine and Gray's regression was used to consider the effect of treatment on prostate cancer death. We then studied a second cohort of 88 013 men with prostate cancer as a first or second malignancy to describe current diagnostic and treatment patterns.ResultsOne in seven men died from prostate cancer in our first cohort. More died from prostate cancer following colorectal cancer (16.8% vs 13.7%), melanoma (13.4% vs 7.56%), and oral cancer (19.1% vs 4.04%), but fewer following bladder cancer, kidney cancer, lung cancer, leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (all P < 0.001). Prostate cancer treatment was associated with a nearly 50% lower risk of death when high‐grade or high‐stage (adjusted hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.64). Patients who died from prostate cancer had higher grade and stage disease, and received less treatment than patients who died from prior malignancy. The second cohort showed subsequent prostate cancer had more high‐risk disease (36.3% vs 22.2%, P < 0.001) and less prostate cancer treatment (adjusted odds ratio 0.872, 95% CI 0.818–0.930) than primary prostate cancer.ConclusionsProstate cancer remains a significant cause of mortality when diagnosed as a subsequent cancer. These results suggest prostate cancer treatment should be seriously considered in patients with prior malignancies, especially those with high‐grade or locally advanced prostate cancer.
Comparing long‐term outcomes of primary and progressive carcinoma invading bladder muscle after radical cystectomy
Authors: Moschini Marco , Sharma Vidit , Dell'oglio Paolo , Cucchiara Vito , Gandaglia Giorgio , Cantiello Francesco , Zattoni Fabio , Pellucchi Federico , Briganti Alberto , Damiano Rocco , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea , Colombo Renzo 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of primary or progressive status on recurrence‐free survival (RFS), cancer‐specific mortality (CSM) and overall mortality (OM) after radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle‐ invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).Patients and MethodsA total of 768 consecutive patients underwent RC as treatment for MIBC at our institution between 2000 and 2012. Primary MIBC was defined as no previous history of bladder cancer and progressive was defined as recorded previous treated non‐MIBC (NMIBC) that had progressed to MIBC. The median follow‐up was 85 (60–109) months. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to compare RFS, CSM and OM between these two cohorts.ResultsIn all, 475 (61.8%) patients had primary and 293 (38.2%) patients had progressive MIBC. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of demographics, pathological and peri‐operative complications (all P > 0.1). The 10‐year RFS, CSM and OM rates for primary vs progressive status were 43 vs 36% (P = 0.01), 43 vs 37% (P = 0.01), and 35 vs 28% (P = 0.03), respectively. On multivariable Cox regression analyses, progressive status remained significantly associated with a higher rate of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.79; P = 0.03), CSM (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07–1.89; P = 0.01) and OM (HR1.42, 95% CI 1.13–1.65; P = 0.02).ConclusionsAmong patients treated with RC for MIBC, progressive status was associated with a higher CSM, OM and recurrence rate after RC. The present study thus provides an impetus to improve risk sub‐stratification when bladder cancer is still at the NMIBC stage, be it through new biomarkers or improved imaging, as a subset of patients with NMIBC are likely to benefit from early RC.
Expression of ribosome‐binding protein 1 correlates with shorter survival in Her‐2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Liang Xiaoshuan , Sun Shanshan , Zhang Xianyu , Wu Hao , Tao Weiyang , Liu Tong , Wei Wei , Geng Jingshu , Pang Da 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of ribosome‐binding protein 1 (RRBP1) in invasive breast cancer and to analyze its relationship to clinical features and prognosis. RRBP1 expression was studied using real‐time quantitative PCR and western blotting using pair‐matched breast samples and immunohistochemical staining using a tissue microarray. Then the correlation between RRBP1 expression and clinicopathologic features was analyzed. RRBP1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. The protein level of RRBP1 is proved to be positively related to histological grade (P = 0.02), molecular subtype (P = 0.048) and status of Her‐2 (P = 0.026) and P53 (P = 0.015). We performed a grade‐stratified analysis of all patients according to the level of RRBP1 expression and found that RRBP1 overexpression highly affected overall survival in patients with early‐stage (I and II) tumors (P = 0.042). Furthermore, Her‐2 positive patients with negative RRBP1 expression had longer overall survival rates than those with positive RRBP1 expression (P = 0.031). Using multivariate analysis, it was determined that lymph node metastasis (LNM, P = 0.002) and RRBP1 expression (P = 0.005) were independent prognosis factors for overall survival. RRBP1 is a valuable prognostic factor in Her‐2‐positive breast cancer patients, indicating that RRBP1 is a potentially important target for the prediction of prognosis.
Clinical correlates of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Favoino E , Favia I E , Vettori S , Vicenti C , Prete M , Valentini G , Perosa F 
Published: April 2015

Summary
Human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G has a tolerogenic function and could play a role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases, including systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to evaluate HLA-G serum expression (sHLA-G) and the HLA-G gene 14 base pairs (bp) insertion/deletion (del−/del+) polymorphism in patients with Ssc, to search for possible associations with clinical and laboratory variables. sHLA-G was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera from 77 patients with SSc and 32 healthy donors (HD); the 14 bp del−/del+ polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) genomic DNA. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis identified the HLA-G cut-off that best discriminated dichotomized clinical and serological variables, that was subsequently employed to subdivide SSc patients into HLA-G high (HLA-G+) and low (HLA-G−) profile groups. sHLA-G were not statistically different between SSc patients and HD, nor between distinct SSc autoantibody subsets. Subdividing SSc patients by HLA-G positivity or negativity yielded significant differences for the modified Rodnan skin score (mRss) (P = 0·032), ‘general’ (P = 0·031) and ‘kidney’ (P = 0·028) Medsger severity scores (MSS) and disease activity index, and especially Δ heart/lung (P = 0·005). A worse ‘general’ MSS (P = 0·002) and Δ heart/lung (P = 0·011) were more frequent in the low sHLA-G group. These two variables and mRss were associated with sHLA-G levels at logistic regression analysis. Treatment had no influence on sHLA-G. Moreover, a higher frequency of scleredema was detected in the del+/del+ than the del-/del+ group (P = 0.04). These data suggest modulatory effects of sHLA-G on SSc. Prospective studies are needed to investigate a role in predicting the disease course.