bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete study of traditional thai colors used in mural paintings: Traditional thai color name dictionary
Authors: Katemake Pichayada , Preda Razvan I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe major obstacle in identifying traditional Thai colors used in mural paintings is that most exist today only as names in old textbooks. The textbooks mention the name of each color without giving quantitative information about it. Mural paintings in Thailand have never been restored by matching the original colors, and, therefore, it is impossible to gather colorimetric data from any mural painting. Only few artists posses today the knowledge, inherited from their elders, to produce traditional Thai color names from natural pigments. However, there is no general accepted recipe among artists to produce any of these colors by means of pigment proportions and dilutions. For this reason, there is no other way to identify traditional Thai color names except for studying the color characteristics of samples painted by artists who still know how the colors look. Thai mural painting colors will be one of Thai's lost cultural treasures once these artists disappear. Therefore, the identification and quantitative description of these colors became a high priority. In this article, we review the method used in our research for identifying more than half of the studied traditional Thai mural painting colors and describe an improved method for identifying the rest of the colors. We show calculation processes used in the software that we created as part of the improved method. We also suggest a way for restoring the mural paintings, using the identified color names, given the fact that the latest restorations totally destroyed the old paintings in Lampang province. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 616–629, 2014
Differentiation in neutral genes and a candidate gene in the pied flycatcher: using biological archives to track global climate change
Authors: Kuhn Kerstin , Schwenk Klaus , Both Christiaan , Canal David , Johansson Ulf S. , van der Mije Steven , Töpfer Till , Päckert Martin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGlobal climate change is one of the major driving forces for adaptive shifts in migration and breeding phenology and possibly impacts demographic changes if a species fails to adapt sufficiently. In Western Europe, pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) have insufficiently adapted their breeding phenology to the ongoing advance of food peaks within their breeding area and consequently suffered local population declines. We address the question whether this population decline led to a loss of genetic variation, using two neutral marker sets (mitochondrial control region and microsatellites), and one potentially selectively non‐neutral marker (avian Clock gene). We report temporal changes in genetic diversity in extant populations and biological archives over more than a century, using samples from sites differing in the extent of climate change. Comparing genetic differentiation over this period revealed that only the recent Dutch population, which underwent population declines, showed slightly lower genetic variation than the historic Dutch population. As that loss of variation was only moderate and not observed in all markers, current gene flow across Western and Central European populations might have compensated local loss of variation over the last decades. A comparison of genetic differentiation in neutral loci versus the Clock gene locus provided evidence for stabilizing selection. Furthermore, in all genetic markers, we found a greater genetic differentiation in space than in time. This pattern suggests that local adaptation or historic processes might have a stronger effect on the population structure and genetic variation in the pied flycatcher than recent global climate changes.
A Simple Method to Tune Up Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes Applicable to the Design of Disposable Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Su Ya‐Ling , Tai Chun‐Yen , Zen Jyh‐Myng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report an easy method to tune up screen‐printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for application in fabricating disposable electrochemical sensors. Simply by ultrasonic polishing a bare SPCE in a γ‐Al2O3 slurry, the surface roughness was drastically smoothed coupled with a large increase in hydrophilicity. The as‐generated micromorphology on the surface of the SPCE was found to be ideal for the immobilization of catechol to minimize the overpotential in the sensitive detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and hydrazine. Physical characterization by both XPS and AFM studies specify that the adsorption behavior is related to the carbon surface functionalities and the trapping of γ‐Al2O3 on the polished‐SPCE.
Sox2 promotes tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells
Authors: Piva Marco , Domenici Giacomo , Iriondo Oihana , Rábano Miriam , Simões Bruno M , Comaills Valentine , Barredo Inmaculada , López‐Ruiz Jose A , Zabalza Ignacio , Kypta Robert , Vivanco Maria d M 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDevelopment of resistance to therapy continues to be a serious clinical problem in breast cancer management. Cancer stem/progenitor cells have been shown to play roles in resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. Here, we examined their role in the development of resistance to the oestrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen. Tamoxifen‐resistant cells were enriched for stem/progenitors and expressed high levels of the stem cell marker Sox2. Silencing of the SOX2 gene reduced the size of the stem/progenitor cell population and restored sensitivity to tamoxifen. Conversely, ectopic expression of Sox2 reduced tamoxifen sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Gene expression profiling revealed activation of the Wnt signalling pathway in Sox2‐expressing cells, and inhibition of Wnt signalling sensitized resistant cells to tamoxifen. Examination of patient tumours indicated that Sox2 levels are higher in patients after endocrine therapy failure, and also in the primary tumours of these patients, compared to those of responders. Together, these results suggest that development of tamoxifen resistance is driven by Sox2‐dependent activation of Wnt signalling in cancer stem/progenitor cells.
Effects of a natural toxin on life history and gene expression of Eisenia andrei
Authors: van Ommen Kloeke A.E. Elaine , Gong Ping , Ellers Jacintha , Roelofs Dick 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Earthworms perform key functions for a healthy soil ecosystem, such as bioturbation. The soil ecosystem can be challenged by natural toxins such as isothiocyanates (ITCs), produced by many commercial crops. Therefore, the effects of 2-phenylethyl ITC were investigated on the earthworm Eisenia andrei using an ecotoxicogenomics approach. Exposure to 2-phenylethyl ITC reduced both survival and reproduction of E. andrei in a dose-dependent manner (median effective concentration [EC50] = 556 nmol/g). Cross-species comparative genomic hybridization validated the applicability of an existing 4 × 44 000 Eisenia fetida microarray to E. andrei. Gene expression profiles revealed the importance of metallothionein (MT) as an early warning signal when E. andrei was exposed to low concentrations of 2-phenylethyl ITC. Alignment of these MT genes with the MT-2 gene of Lumbricus rubellus showed that at least 2 MT gene clusters are present in the Eisenia sp. genome. At high-exposure concentrations, gene expression was mainly affected by inhibiting chitinase activity, inducing an oxidative stress response, and stimulating energy metabolism. Furthermore, analysis by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway implied that the high concentration may have caused impaired light sensitivity, angiogenesis, olfactory perception, learning, and memory. Increased levels of ITCs may be found in the field in the near future. The results presented call for a careful investigation to quantify the risk of such compounds before allowing them to enter the soil on a large scale. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:412–420. © 2013 SETAC
Uncoated and coated ZnO nanoparticle life cycle in synthetic seawater
Authors: Gelabert Alexandre , Sivry Yann , Ferrari Roselyne , Akrout Assia , Cordier Laure , Nowak Sophie , Menguy Nicolas , Benedetti Marc F. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The increasing production of nanoparticles has raised strong concerns regarding their environmental release. In life cycle scenarios of nanoparticles, marine systems constitute one of the main final compartments, and the fate of nanoparticles in marine environments needs to be assessed. The dissolution kinetics of commercial uncoated and organic-coated ZnO nanoparticles in synthetic seawater were investigated using the Donnan membrane technique and 1000-Da pore size ultrafiltration. Uncoated nanoparticles reach a maximum dissolution within the first hour, approximately 24% of total ZnO at pH 8.2, and 4% at pH 7.7, followed by secondary carbonated phase precipitation (hydrozincite) until the system reaches a steady state after 30 d of interaction. Assuming a pseudo first-order kinetics for hydrozincite precipitation allowed calculation of kinetics constant values k′p of −208 × 10−4 mol L−1 h−1 ± 15 × 10−4 mol L−1 h−1 (standard deviation) at pH 7.7, and −57 × 10−4 mol L−1 h−1 ± 11 × 10−4 mol L−1 h−1 at pH 8.2. The presence of an organic coating drastically modifies the life cycle of nanoparticles, with a maximum dissolution reached after 7 d of interaction, followed by a stationary phase lasting from 1 wk to 3 wk, and a subsequent Zn carbonate precipitation until a steady state is reached after 1.5 mo. Monitoring changes in the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles after exposure to synthetic seawater constitutes an important step in predicting their fate in environmental systems, with major implications for ecotoxicological studies in which metallic speciation is required for toxicity evaluation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:341–349. © 2013 SETAC
Quantitative Allelic Test—A Fast Test for Very Large Association Studies
Authors: Lee Sang Mee , Karrison Theodore G. , Cox Nancy J. , Im Hae Kyung 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAdvances in high throughput technology have enabled the generation of unprecedented amounts of genomic data (e.g., next‐generation sequence data, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics), which promises to unravel the genetic architecture of complex traits. These discoveries may lead to novel therapeutic targets, guide disease prevention, and enable personalized medicine. However, the pace of data generation surpasses the ability to process and analyze the vast amounts of data. For example, in a typical study of transcription regulation, the relationship between more than 1 million genetic variants and 10,000 transcript levels are explored, requiring tens of billions of tests. In order to address this problem, we propose a fast, accurate, and robust method that can assess the significance of associations between quantitative phenotypes and genotypes. The method is an extension of the allelic test commonly used in case–control studies for the analysis of quantitative traits. We show the asymptotic equivalence of the proposed test to linear regression results. We also reduce a generalized linear regression problem to the comparison of two groups, which can handle nonnormal and survival time phenotypes.
Impact of self‐assembled monolayer films with specific chemical group on bFGF adsorption and endothelial cell growth on gold surface
Authors: Wu Gang , Wang Jiahui , Chen Xiaofeng , Wang Yingjun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, thiols ended with methyl, carboxyl, hydroxy, and amino groups are self‐assembled on gold surfaces. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy test results show that chemical components on the self‐assembled surface are similar to those in the theoretical calculations. The atomic force microscope test results show that the molecule assembled on the surface causes no significant variation in the surface roughness before and after the molecule assembly. The water surface contact angle increases with the increasing hydrophilicity of the end groups of the self‐assembled monolayer. The surface zeta potential reveals that COOH surface has the most electronegativity. The resulting substrates are then made to adsorb base fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The quartz crystal microbalance test results show that the amounts of bFGF adsorbed onto different self‐assembled surfaces are COOH≈OH>CH3>NH2. According to cell culture experiments, endothelial cells have different morphologies after adhering to different surfaces. Furthermore, endothelial cells achieve the quickest proliferation on the COOH self‐assembled surface and the slowest proliferation on the CH3 self‐assembled surface. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3439–3445, 2014.
Facile and highly efficient approach for the fabrication of multifunctional silk nanofibers containing hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sheikh Faheem A. , Woo Ju Hyung , Mi Moon Bo , Jung Park Hyun , Kim Jung‐Ho , Joo Lee Ok , Hum Park Chan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this study, a good combination consisting of electrospun silk fibroin nanofibers incorporated with high‐purity hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles (NPs) and silver NPs is introduced as antimicrobial for tissue engineering applications. The variable pressure field emission scanning electron microscope results confirmed randomly placed nanofibers are produced with highly dispersed HAp and silver NPs in nanofibers after electrospinning. The X‐ray diffraction results demonstrated crystalline features of each of the three components used for electrospinning. Moreover, the TEM‐EDS analysis confirmed the presence and chemical nature of each component over individual silk nanofiber. The FT‐IR analyses was used confirm the different vibration modes caused due to functional groups present in silk fibroin, Hap, and silver NPs. The obtained nanofibers were checked for antimicrobial activity by using two model organisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, the antimicrobial tests have indicated that prepared nanofibers do possess good bactericidal activity. The ability of N,N‐dimethylformamide and silk fibroin used to reduce silver nitrate into silver metal was evaluated using MTT assay. The nanofibers were grown in presence of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, which revealed toxic behavior to fibroblasts at higher concentrations of silver nitrate used in this study. Furthermore, cell attachment studies on nanofibers for 3 and 12 days of incubation time were minutely observed and correlated with the results of MTT assay. The reported results confirmed the high amounts of silver nitrate can lead to toxic effects on viability of fibroblasts and had bad effect in cell attachment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3459–3469, 2014.
Endothelialization of implanted cardiovascular biomaterial surfaces: The development from in vitro to in vivo
Authors: Liu Tao , Liu Shihui , Zhang Kun , Chen Junying , Huang Nan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRestenosis and thrombosis formation after cardiovascular devices implantation continue to be problematic. Although various platforms and parameters of cardiovascular devices have been designed and optimized over the years, postoperative complications are hard to avoid. The native vascular endothelium always provide a nonthrombogenic surface as well as prevent intimal overproliferation, thereby, the presence of a confluent endothelial cell layer on material surfaces have been widely accepted as an ideal approach to improve the biocompatibility of implanted cardiovascular materials. Endothelialization on biomaterial surfaces is initially developed by in vitro cell seeding. However, numerous no‐perfect parts of this method are existed for clinical use. The emergency of endothelial progenitor cells may provide a promising way for setting these limitations. Over the last decades, countless researches about EPCs‐based in vivo induced self‐endothelialization have been reported and mainly focused on cellular therapy, pharmacological therapy, materials designing, or surface biofunctional modification. This review details the development of endothelialization on cardiovascular material surfaces from in vitro to in vivo. Endothelialization progress on the basis of molecular biological level and bioinformatics theory is expected to be the key point in the coming decades. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3754–3772, 2014.
Efficient biosynthesis of a chitinase from Halobacterium salinarum expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Moscoso Fatima , Sieira Myriam , Domínguez Alberto , Deive Francisco J. , Longo Maria A. , Sanromán Maria A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDChitinases have been widely studied and can be produced by various groups of microorganisms, in particular, marine bacteria. The exploration of extremophilic marine microorganisms bears advantageous and unique biotechnological implications and the scaling up of the production process is a decisive stage to be researched.RESULTSA chitinase gene from Halobacterium salinarum was expressed in Escherichia coli and the protein production process was performed at different scales. In order to determine the most suitable bioreactor, two configurations were investigated: stirred‐tank and airlift. It was demonstrated that the stirred‐tank configuration led to the highest chitinase activities. The effect of stirrer speed (range 150–400 rpm) and aeration rate (range 0.6–2 vvm) was investigated, and maximum activity levels of 20.99 U L‐1 were detected at 300 rpm and 0.66 vvmCONCLUSIONChitinase from H. salinarum expressed in E. coli was successfully produced in a mechanically stirred bioreactor, and the optimum conditions of agitation and aeration were ascertained. The chitinase obtained turned out to possess a mass weight of 66 kDa, as determined by SDS‐PAGE. The system was suitably characterized with known mathematical models. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Whole‐body MRI, including diffusion‐weighted imaging, for staging lymphoma: Comparison with CT in a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Kwee Thomas C. , Vermoolen Malou A. , Akkerman Erik A. , Kersten Marie José , Fijnheer Rob , Ludwig Inge , Beek Frederik J.A. , van Leeuwen Maarten S. , Bierings Marc B. , Bruin Marrie C.A. , Zsíros József , Quarles van Ufford Henriëtte M.E. , de Klerk John M.H. , Adam Judit , Stoker Jaap , Uiterwaal Cuno S. , Nievelstein Rutger A.J. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo compare whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), to computed tomography (CT) for staging newly diagnosed lymphoma.Materials and MethodsIn all, 108 patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma prospectively underwent whole‐body MRI (T1‐weighted and T2‐weighted short inversion time inversion recovery [n = 108], and DWI [n = 104]) and CT. Ann Arbor stages were assigned according to whole‐body MRI and CT findings. Staging disagreements were resolved using bone marrow biopsy, FDG‐PET, and follow‐up studies. The results were descriptively analyzed.ResultsStaging results of whole‐body MRI without DWI were equal to those of CT in 66.6%, higher in 24.1%, and lower in 9.3%, with correct/incorrect/unresolved higher staging and incorrect/unresolved lower staging relative to CT in 15/7/4 and 9/1 patient(s), respectively. Staging results of whole‐body MRI with DWI were equal to those of CT in 65.4%, higher in 27.9%, and lower in 6.7%, with correct/incorrect/unresolved higher staging and incorrect/unresolved lower staging relative to CT in 18/6/5 and 6/1 patient(s), respectively.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that whole‐body MRI staging equals CT staging in the majority of patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma. No advantage of additional DWI was demonstrated. Whole‐body MRI can be a good alternative to CT if radiation exposure should be avoided. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:26–36. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An update of high‐resolution monthly climate surfaces for Mexico
Authors: Cuervo‐Robayo Angela P. , Téllez‐Valdés Oswaldo , Gómez‐Albores Miguel A. , Venegas‐Barrera Crystian S. , Manjarrez Javier , Martínez‐Meyer Enrique 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTClimate surfaces are digital representations of climatic variables from a region in the planet estimated via geographical interpolation techniques. Climate surfaces have multiple applications in research planning, experimental design, and technology transfer. Although high‐resolution climatologies have been developed worldwide, Mexico is one of the few countries that have developed several climatic surfaces. Here, we present an updated high‐resolution (30 arc sec) climatic surfaces for Mexico for the average monthly climate period 1910–2009, corresponding to monthly values of precipitation, daily maximum, and minimum temperature, as well as 19 bioclimatic variables derived from the monthly precipitation and temperature values. To produce these surfaces we applied the thin‐plate smoothing spline interpolation algorithm implemented in the ANUSPLIN software to nearly 5000 climate weather stations countrywide. As an additional product and unlike the previous efforts, we generated monthly standard error surfaces for the three climate parameters, which can be used for error assessment when using these climate surfaces. Our climate surface predicted slightly drier and cooler conditions than the previous ones. ANUSPLIN diagnostic statistics indicated that model fit was adequate. We implemented a more recent error assessment, a set of withheld stations to perform an independent evaluation of the model surfaces. We estimate the mean absolute error and mean error, with the withheld data and all the available data. Average RTGCV for monthly temperatures was of 1.26–1.12 °C and 24.67% for monthly precipitation, and a RTMSE of 0.48–0.56 °C and 11.11%. The main advantage of the surfaces presented here regarding the other three developed for the country is that ours cover practically the entire 20th century and almost the entire first decade of the 21st century. It is the most up to date high‐resolution climatology for the country.