bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipophylic Compounds from Euphorbia peplis L. - a Halophytic Plant from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Ivanova Albena , Khozin-Goldberg Inna , Kamenarska Zornitsa , Nechev Jordan , Cohen Zvi , Popov Simeon , Stefanov Kamen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chemical composition of the lipophylic fraction from the halophytic plant Euphorbia peplis L. was investigated. Compared to other terrestrial higher plants an increase of triacylglycerols and especially of glycolipids was observed. The main phospholipid was phosphatidyl choline, followed by almost equal concentrations of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol. A relatively high concentration of phosphatidic acids (6.5% of the total phospholipids) was found. The main sterol appeared to be sitosterol and significant amounts of tetracyclic triterpene alcohols were found. The composition of the volatile compounds is relatively simple and only one chlorinated compound, identified as 2,2-diethoxy-1-chloroethane, was found. There was a strong toxicity of the total lipophylic extract towards Artemia salina.
Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Phlomis integrifolia Hub.-Mor.
Authors: Saracoglu Iclal , Varel Mehtap , Hada Junko , Hada Noriyasu , Takeda Tadahiro , Donmez Ali A. , Calisa Ihsan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two new phenylethanoid glycosides integrifoliosides A (2) and B (3), along with a known phenylethanoid glycoside alyssonoside (1) and a flavone glucoside chrysoeriol-7-O-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (4) were isolated from the aerial parts of Phlomis integrifolia. The structures of the new compounds were identified as 3,4-dihydroxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-β-ᴅ-apiofuranosyl- (1 →4)-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 →3)-4-O-feruloyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-β-ᴅ-apiofuranosyl-(154)-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-4-O-feruloyl-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside (3), on the basis of spectroscopic (UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HR-FABMS) methods.
Antioxidative Responses of Tobacco Expressing a Bacterial Glutathione Reductase
Authors: Lederer Barbara , Böger Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Reports on stress response of tobacco expressing a bacterial glutathione reductase (GR) do not agree. To clarify this situation we investigated several parameters using the tobacco BelW3 line and its transformant BelW3gor expressing an E. coli GR.
This alteration in the activity of GR led to an ambiguous modification of the antioxidative system. In contrast to the wild type, the transgenic tobacco suffered lipid peroxidation under moderate light intensities, while it was found to be more resistant towards oxidative stress induced by paraquat or hydrogen peroxide. Transcript levels for violaxanthin deepoxidase and cytosolic Cu-Zn-superoxide dismutase were strongly reduced in BelW3gor plants as compared to BelW3.
Effects of Pesticides on Yeasts Isolated from Agricultural Soil
Authors: Sláviková Elena , Vadkertiová Renata 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The effect of six various pesticides on the growth of yeasts isolated from agricultural soil was investigated. Two herbicides (with the effective substances lactofen and metazachlor), two fungicides (with the effective substances fluquinconazole and prochloraz), and two insecticides (with the effective substances cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos and triazamate) were tested. It is evident that there are considerable differences in inhibition effects of studied pesticides. The fungicide with the effective substance prochloraz inhibited the growth of majority of yeast strains. The insecticide triazamate at concentration 0.6 mm restricted or inhibited growth of all tested strains. The strains of the genus Cryptococcus were the most sensitive to pesticides, while the strains of the species Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Debaryomyces occidentalis var. occidentalis, and Trichosporon cutaneum were the most resistant.
Pyrrolidonyl and Pyridyl Alkaloids in Lymantria dispar
Authors: Deml Reinhold 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The occurrence and metabolism of nicotine and related N-containing compounds in body fluids of the gipsy moth were addressed. Thin layer chromatographic studies clearly showed the simultaneous presence of GABA and 2-pyrrolidone but not of GABamide in the larval haemolymph and osmeterial secretion of Lymantria dispar as well as in the corresponding body fluids of the saturniids, Saturnia pavonia and Attacus atlas. Furthermore, feeding and injection experiments using alkylated precursors and combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry gave evidence of the transformation of 2-pyrrolidone to nicotine and of nicotinic acid to nicotinamide in caterpillars of L. dispar. Based on these results, on the earlier described variation of the secondary-compound patterns of L. dispar during its development, and on literature data, metabolic pathways for the hitherto detected pyridyl and pyrrolidonyl alkaloids in Lymantriidae (and possibly Saturniidae) are proposed.
Biological Activity of Pentachlorophenol on the Digestive Gland Cells of the Freshwater Mussel Unio tumidus
Authors: Milowska Katarzyna , Gabryelak Teresa , Dudala Joanna , Labieniec Magdalena , Slobozhanina Ekaterina 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Many chlorinated phenols and their derivatives are used extensively as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides by industrial and agricultural users throughout the world. Among these substances, pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a broad-spectrum biocide, which is still used as a wood preservative. In this paper, the digestive gland cells were used to assess the effect of PCP in the range of concentrations 3.75-75 μᴍ (0.01-0.2 ppm) on oxidative DNA damage, fluidity changes and peroxidation activity in the plasma membrane. The toxic property of PCP on DNA strand breakage was studied using the comet assay. The results showed that pentachlorophenol in the range of 37.5-75 μᴍ contributed to these lesions. To demonstrate the changes in the fluidity of plasma membrane we used the spectrofluorimetric method using two fluorescence probes: 1-[4-(trimethylamino)phenyl]-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (TMAD DPH) and 12-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid (12-AS). It was shown that PC did not influence the surface of plasma membrane but contributed to the increase in the fluidity of the internal region of the lipid bilayer in the range of concentrations 18.75-75 μᴍ (0.05-0.2 ppm).We also examined the effect of PCP on the lipid peroxidation. To imply its peroxidation properties the spectrophotometry method was used to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), one of the endpoints of the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The obtained results showed that PCP in the used doses did not initiate the formation of lipid peroxides. Thus, our investigation indicates that PCP can behave as a prooxidant agent but its action depends on the used doses and parameters chosen for the research.
An Alternative Structure Model for the Polypentapeptide in Elastin
Authors: Groß Peter C. , Possart Wulff , Zeppezauer Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Polypentapeptides (GVGVP)n which are designed in analogy to the connective tissue protein elastin are reported to transform various kinds of energy into mechanical work by the so-called ⊿Tt-mechanism in cross-linked macroscopic polypentapeptide (PPP) films. In the literature, the responsible element of conformation in such polypeptides is described as a β- spiral and the ⊿Tt effect is explained as a sudden change of macroconformation of single polypeptide molecules from an extended but not regular state below a transition temperature Tt to the β-spiral above Tt. We examined the secondary structure of the linear PPPC(GVGVP)6 in solution with DSC, CD, UV absorption, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The results suggest that the β-spiral is not present in the conformational structure of the PPP molecules. The antiparallel β-sheet is proposed to be the basic regular part of conformation because it agrees with all spectroscopic data. As a consequence, the elasticity of natural elastin must be considered from a new perspective.
A Potent Insect Chitinase Inhibitor of Fungal Origin
Authors: Nitoda Teruhiko , Usuki Hirokazu , Kanzaki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the culture filtrate of a fungal strain, Sphaeropsis sp. TNPT116-Cz, as a novel insect chitinase inhibitor. It was purified to chromatographic homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 16 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it contained glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and a deoxysugar. This polysaccharide showed potent and specific inhibitory activity against Spodoptera litura chitinase with an IC50 value of 28 nᴍ.
Sesquiterpenes from Achillea pannonica Scheele
Authors: Werner Ingrid , Glasl Sabine , Presser Armin , Haslinger Ernst , Jurenitsch Johann 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From dichloromethane extracts of flowerheads of Achillea pannonica Scheele three sesquiterpenes were isolated and identified: 11,13-dehydrodesacetylmatricarin, (6E)-5-tigloxy- 9-hydroxynerolidol and α-longipin-2-en-1-one. The structures were determined by MS, IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses. (6E)-5-Tigloxy-9-hydroxynerolidol is reported here for the first time. Additionally spathulenol, a compound of the essential oil was identified using GC-MS and GC-FTIR.
Chemical Composition of Corallina mediterranea Areschoug and Corallina granifera Ell. et Soland
Authors: Rosa Salvatore De , Kamenarska Zornitsa , Stefanov Kamen , Dimitrova-Konaklieva Stefka , Najdenski Chavdar , Tzvetkova Iva , Ninova Valeria , Popov Simeon 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The composition of sterols, volatiles and some polar compounds from three Corallina samples (C. granifera and C. mediterranea from the Black Sea and C. mediterranea from the Mediterranean Sea) was established. The sterol composition of the Black Sea samples was similar but it differs from that of the Mediterranean sample. The composition of the volatiles was very complex. The main groups of constituent were hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbonyl compounds, acids and their esters, terpenes. The composition of the polar components, soluble in n-butanol, was also established. There were some differences in the chemical composition of the two Black Sea species, which may be due to the biodiversity between them, while the differences in the composition of the two C. mediterranea samples could be due to the differences in the environment (salinity, temperature, pollution, etc.).
The Structural Determination of a New Steroidal Metabolite from the Brown Alga Sargassum asperifolium
Authors: N. Ayyad Seif-Eldin , Sowellim Salah Z. A , El-Hosini Mohamed S. , Abo-Atia Amal 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An investigation of the natural products chemistry of the brown alga Sargassum asperifolium from the red sea yielded a new steroidal metabolite, 24-vinyl cholest -4-ene -24- ol -3 one, saringosterone (3), a known steroidal metabolite, 24-vinyl cholest -5-ene -3b, 24-diol, saringosterol (4), and known diterpene with a hydroazulene skeleton, dictyone (1). The identification of the isolated metabolites was established mainly by spectral methods and chemical transformation of the dictyone (1) to its acetate (2).
A New Highly Oxygenated Flavone from Vernonia saligna
Authors: Huang Yue , Ding Zhi-Hui , Liu Ji-Kai 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new highly oxygenated flavone, namely 8, 3′-dihydroxy-5, 6, 7, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone (1), together with other five known flavonoids were isolated from the tropical plant Vernonia saligna. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral (MS, IR, UV, 1D & 2D NMR) measurement and chemical evidence.
Antioxidant Activity of Pine Bark Constituents
Authors: Saleem Ammar , Kivelä Henri 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A modified in vitro lipid peroxidation inhibition assay was used to guide the fractionation and the isolation of antioxidative principles of Finnish pine bark extract. This approach yielded 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid) and taxifolin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside as major antioxidative compounds from the plant material. The structural elucidation of these compounds was undertaken with the help of HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ESI-MS analyses. Their IC50 values, in comparison to trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid), were: trolox (1.78 ± 0.56 μm) < protocatechuic acid (5.77 ± 1.63 μm) < taxifolin-3- O-β-glucopyranoside (16.30 ± 1.98 μm). The method for the determination of antioxidant activity proved reproducible and quick for routine analyses with 96 well plates.
Antioxidant Properties of Galantamine Hydrobromide
Authors: Traykova M. , Traykov T. , Hadjimitova V. , Bojadgieva N. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The antioxidant properties of galantamine hydrobromide ((4α,6β)-4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro- 3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofuro[3a,3,2-ef][2]benzazepin-6-ol hydrobromide) were studied in vitro, using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry. It was found that this compound was a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By comparing the antioxidant effects of galantamine ((4α,6β)-4a,5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl- 6H-benzofuro[3a,3,2-ef][2]benzazepin-6-ol), galantamine hydrobromide, narwedine (4a, 5,9,10,11,12-hexahydro-3-methoxy-11-methyl-6H-benzofuro[3a,3,2-ef][2]benzazepin-6-one), and narwedine hydrobromide it was found that the antioxidant activity depended on the enolic OH group in the molecule. The presence of a quaternary nitrogen in the compound increased the strength of the scavenging effect. It is proposed that the antioxidant properties observed in vitro may contribute to the therapeutical effect of galantamine hydrobromide on patients with brain degeneration.
p-Terphenyls from the Basidiomycete Thelephora aurantiotincta
Authors: Liu Ji-Kai 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new p-terphenyl, named aurantiotinin A (1), together with ganbajunin C (2) and atromentin (3) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Thelephora aurantiotincta Corner. Their structures were established by spectral (MS, IR, UV, NMR, H-H COSY, HMQC, HMBC measurement) and chemical methods.
Essential Oils from Two Endemic Species of Apiaceae from Iran
Authors: Yassa Narguss , Akhani Hossein , Aqaahmadi Majid , Salimian Mojtaba 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The composition of essential oils of Leutea glaucopruinosa (Rech.f.) Akhani & Salimian comb, nov., and Zeravschania (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Salimian & Akhani comb. nov. were analysed by GC-MS. 49 compounds are identified in the former and 33 compounds in the latter, comprising a total of 76 compounds in both species. Both species were originally described under Peucedanum, which are transferred in this paper into Leutea and Zeravschania, respectively. The chemical compounds of the essential oils show that there are only seven common compounds between two species. The major compounds of L. glaucopruinosa are mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes, in which α-pinene (31.5%), sabinene (9.7%), β-pinene (9.2%), exo-fenchyl acetate (4.5%) are dominant. In Z. pastinacifolia sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and phenylpropanoids dominate with β-bisabolene (37.3%), 3,1-butyl-1.2-dimethoxy benzene (14.9%), 10,11-dimethylbicyclo[6.3.0]undec-(8)-en-9-one (12.9%), 4-t-butyl-1,2-dimethoxy benzene (6.8%), (E)-asarone (5.1%) and elemicine (4.1%) as major compounds.
Cuticular Waxes and Flavonol Aglycones of Mistletoes
Authors: Haas Klaus , Bauer Markus , Wollenweber Eckhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Cuticular waxes of Viscum album subspecies and of V. cruciatum have been examined for their micromorphology and chemical composition. Wax crystalloids occur preferably as irregular platelets and rodlets, while deviant structures are found in small areas. Among the triterpenoids forming the wax layer, oleanolic acid is prevailing with some 80%. The quantitative composition of the long-chain aliphatics, which comprise several classes, is rather variable. Flavonoid aglycones, occurring as very minor components of the cuticular waxes, comprise the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin and a series of their methyl derivatives, in some taxa also the flavanone naringenin. Neither the crystalloid structures nor the chemical composition of the wax allow to discriminate the 2 species, or male and female plants, or plants grown on conifers or on dicotyledoneous hosts.
Physocalycoside, a New Phenylethanoid Glycoside from Phlomis physocalyx Hub.-Mor.
Authors: Ersöz Tayfun , Alipieva Kalina Iv. , Yalçın Funda Nuray , Akbay Pınar , Handjieva Nedjalka , Dönmez Ali A. , Popov Simeon , Çalışa İhsan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new phenylethanoid tetraglycoside, physocalycoside (2), was isolated from the aerial parts of Phlomis physocalyx. Its structure was identified as 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-β-phenyl-ethoxy-O-[α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-ʟ-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-4-O-feruloyl-[β-ᴅ- glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-|β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside, on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. In addition, one known iridoid glucoside, lamiide (1) and five known phenylethanoid glycosides, wiedemannioside C (3), verbascoside (= acteoside) (4). leucosceptoside A (5), martynoside (6), and forsythoside B (7) were also characterized. Compounds 2-7 demonstrated radical scavenging properties towards the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical.
Tetrahydroisoquinoline and β-Carboline Alkaloids from Haloxylon articulatum (Cav.) Bunge (Chenopodiaceae)
Authors: El-Shazly Assem , Wink Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Salsolidine and 2-methyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline were isolated from Haloxylon articulatum (growing in Egypt) besides the known carnegine and N-methylisosalsoline. 2- methyl,1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline was recorded for the first time in the genus Haloxylon. The alkaloids were identified by spectroscopic methods (MS, 1D and 2D NMR).
Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds of Satureja thymbra and S. cuneifolia
Authors: Gören Ahmet C. , Bilsel Gökhan , Altun Mehmet , Satıl Fatih 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from seeds of S. thymbra and S. cuneifolia were analyzed by GC/MS. 7 FAMEs were identified from the seeds of S. thymbra mainly as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (43.9%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.4%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (30.2%), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (14.1%), while from the seed of S. cuneifolia 10 FAMEs were obtained with the main components, similar to S. thymbra. These were identified as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (10.1%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (methyl palmitate, 34.6%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (6.3%) and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (1.8%).
Immunomodulatory Triterpenoids from the Oleogum Resin of Boswellia carterii Birdwood
Authors: Badria Farid A. , Mikhaeil Botros R. , Maatooq Galal T. , Amer Mohamed M. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The immunomodulatory bioassay-guided fractionation of the oleogum resin of frankincense (Boswellia carterii Bird wood) resulted in the isolation and identification of 9 compounds; palmitic acid and eight triterpenoids belonging to lupane, ursane, oleanane, and tirucallane skeleta were isolated form the resin. These triterpenoids are lupeol, β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, acetyl β-boswellic acid, acetyl 11-keto-β-boswellic acid, acetyl- α-boswellic acid, 3-oxo-tirucallic acid, and 3-hydroxy-tirucallic acid. The structures of the isolated compounds were deduced based on spectroscopic evidences. The lymphocyte transformation assay of the isolated compounds proved that the total extract retained more activity than that of any of the purified compounds.
Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Prenylated Bicyclic Acylphloroglucinol Derivatives from Hypericum amblycalyx
Authors: Winkelmann Karin , San Metin , Kypriotakis Zacharias , Skaltsa Helen , Bosilij Blazenka , Heilmann Jörg 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two new bicyclic acylphloroglucinol derivatives, hypercalyxone A (1-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl- 3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-2-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-chroman-8-yl]-2-methyl-propan-1-one, 1) and B (1-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-3-(3-methyl-but-2-enyl)-2-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-chroman- 8-yl]-2-methyl-butan-1-one, 2), have been isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the aerial parts of Hypericum amblycalyx, together with two further compounds (1-[5,7- dihydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-chroman-8-yl]-2-methyl-propan-1-one, 3 and 1-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-pent-3-enyl)-chroman-8-yl]-2-methyl-butan-1-one, 4), which have been described only as semi-synthetic products. In addition, the known triterpene lup-20(29)-en-3-one was obtained. Structure elucidation was based on 1D and 2D NMR studies, as well as on data derived from mass spectrometry. The four acylphloroglucinol derivatives were evaluated for their cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. All compounds showed moderate cytotoxic activity against KB and Jurkat T cancer cells. Especially compounds 3 and 4 exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against different Gram-positive strains.
Increased Resistance of Peptides to Serum Proteases by Modification of their Amino Groups
Authors: Galati Rossella , Verdina Alessandra , Falasca Giuliana , Chersi Alberto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The ability of synthetic protein fragments to survive the degradative action of aminopeptidases and serum proteolytic enzymes can be remarkably enhanced by slight modifications at their N-terminal alpha-amino group. This can be achieved by addition of beta-alanine or amino acids of the d-configuration, amino acids which are seldom found in a living organism. These modifications do scarcely modify the chemical and physical properties of the peptides, and should be preferrred, especially for in vivo tests, to drastic alterations of peptides as produced by dinitrophenylation or dansylation of the amino groups.
Distribution of Quinic Acid Derivatives and Other Phenolic Compounds in Brazilian Propolis
Authors: Pereira Alberto dos Santos , Pereira Adriana Farah de Miranda , Trugo Luiz Carlos , Neto Francisco Radler de Aquino 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The quinic acid derivatives (including 4-feruoyl quinic and 5-ferruoyl quinic acids characterized for first time in propolis samples) and other phenolic compounds were quantified in thirteen Brazilian propolis samples by HPLC analysis. For chemometrical analysis, the distribution of quinic acid derivatives and other phenolic compounds were considered.
The results suggest that the Brazilian propolis with floral origin from Citrus sp. have the highest concentration of the quinic acid derivatives (between 11.0 to 58.4 mg/mg of the dried crude hydroalcoholic extract) and therefore would probably show a more effective hepatoprotective activity.