bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caring for One of Our Own
Authors: Schapira Lidia , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Cashavelly Barbara J. , Kim Christina Y. , Riley John P. , Wold Mali C. , Ryan David P. , Penson Richard T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSchwartz Center Rounds are monthly multidisciplinary meetings where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues that they, along with patients and their families, face and gain insight and support from fellow staff members, with the goal of advancing compassionate health care, supporting caregivers, and fostering the connection between a clinician and his or her patients. This Schwartz Round focused on boundaries and the particular privileges and pressures of caring for a member of the staff. The article explores the tension between professional courtesy and empathic engagement. Major transitions can include the intrinsic fear of abandonment. Being “connected” is an important aspect of the patient-caregiver relationship. Patient-centered care requires that we balance clinical acumen and medical technology with humanism throughout the different phases of a patient's experience with a life-threatening illness.
The Efficacy and Safety of Imeglimin as Add-on Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Sitagliptin Monotherapy
Authors: Fouqueray Pascale , Pirags Valdis , Diamant Michaela , Schernthaner Guntram , Lebovitz Harold E. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Bailey Clifford J. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
This 12-week study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of imeglimin as add-on therapy to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with sitagliptin monotherapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, imeglimin (1,500 mg b.i.d.) or placebo was added to sitagliptin (100 mg q.d.) over 12 weeks in 170 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 56.8 years; BMI 32.2 kg/m2) that was inadequately controlled with sitagliptin alone (A1C ≥7.5%) during a 12-week run-in period. The primary efficacy end point was the change in A1C from baseline versus placebo; secondary end points included corresponding changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, stratification by baseline A1C, and percentage of A1C responders.

RESULTS
Imeglimin reduced A1C levels (least-squares mean difference) from baseline (8.5%) by 0.60% compared with an increase of 0.12% with placebo (between-group difference 0.72%, P &lt; 0.001). The corresponding changes in FPG were −0.93 mmol/L with imeglimin vs. −0.11 mmol/L with placebo (P = 0.014). With imeglimin, the A1C level decreased by ≥0.5% in 54.3% of subjects vs. 21.6% with placebo (P &lt; 0.001), and 19.8% of subjects receiving imeglimin achieved a decrease in A1C level of ≤7% compared with subjects receiving placebo (1.1%) (P = 0.004). Imeglimin was generally well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to placebo and no related treatment-emergent adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS
Imeglimin demonstrated incremental efficacy benefits as add-on therapy to sitagliptin, with comparable tolerability to placebo, highlighting the potential for imeglimin to complement other oral antihyperglycemic therapies.
Musculoskeletal Complications in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Larkin Mary E. , Barnie Annette , Braffett Barbara H. , Cleary Patricia A. , Diminick Lisa , Harth Judy , Gatcomb Patricia , Golden Ellen , Lipps Janie , Lorenzi Gayle , Mahony Carol , Nathan David M. ,   the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
The development of periarticular thickening of skin on the hands and limited joint mobility (cheiroarthropathy) is associated with diabetes and can lead to significant disability. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of cheiroarthropathy in the well-characterized Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) cohort and examine associated risk factors, microvascular complications, and the effect of former DCCT therapy (intensive [INT] vs. conventional [CONV]) on its development.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional analysis was performed in 1,217 participants (95% of the active cohort) in EDIC years 18/19 after an average of 24 years of follow-up. Cheiroarthropathy—defined as the presence of any one of the following: adhesive capsulitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, flexor tenosynovitis, Dupuytren's contracture, or a positive prayer sign—was assessed using a targeted medical history and standardized physical examination. A self-administered questionnaire (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH]) assessed functional disability.

RESULTS
Cheiroarthropathy was present in 66% of subjects (64% of the INT group and 68% of the CONV group; P = 0.1640) and was associated with age, sex, diabetes duration, skin intrinsic fluorescence, HbA1c, neuropathy, and retinopathy (P &lt; 0.005 for each). DASH functional disability scores were worse among subjects with cheiroarthropathy (P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
Cheiroarthropathy is common in people with type 1 diabetes of long duration (∼30 years) and is related to longer duration and higher levels of glycemia. Clinicians should include cheiroarthropathy in their routine history and physical examination of patients with type 1 diabetes because it causes clinically significant functional disability.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE SLIDING MODE CONTROL DESIGN: ANTI–LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM AS A CASE STUDY
Authors: Perie Staniša Lj. , Antic Dragan S. , Nikolic Vlastimir D. , Mitic Darko B. , Milojkovic Marko T. , Nikolic Šaša S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this paper we introduce a new approach to the sliding mode control design based on orthogonal models. First, we discuss the sliding mode control based on a model given in controllable canonical form. Then, we design almost orthogonal filters based on almost orthogonal polynomials of M¨untz-Legendre type. The advantage of the almost orthogonal filters is that they can be used for the modelling and analysis of systems with nonlinearities and imperfections. Herein, we use a designed filter to obtain several linearized models of an unknown system in different working areas. For each of these linearized models, corresponding sliding mode controller is designed and the switching between controls laws depends only on input signal. The experimental results and comparative analysis with relay control, already installed in laboratory equipment, verify the efficiency and excellent performance of such a control in the case of anti-lock braking system.
MULTI–CHANNEL ADJUSTABLE DC POWER SUPPLY WITH SINGLE TRANSFORMER BASED ON SPECTRAL SEPARATION
Authors: Benfeng Zhang , Huafeng Li , Sunan Li 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
To meet the need of multi-channel DC power supply to activate multiple macro fiber composite (MFC) material simultaneously, a novel multi-channel adjustable DC supply using single-input single-output transformer based on spectral separation is proposed. A hybrid signal containing multiple frequency bands is boosted to obtain a high-voltage signal without bands change. Several frequency selection circuits are then used to separate individual signals in different frequency band from the high-voltage signal. Finally, these signals are rectified and filtered respectively to obtain multiple channel DC voltages. The feasibility of the proposed scheme is analyzed theoretically and verified by simulation. The hybrid signal containing multiple frequency bands is constructed by MCU (Micro Control Unit) and boosted using push-pull boost circuit. Low-pass, band-pass and high-pass frequency selection circuits are used to obtain the individual high-voltage signal in different frequency bands, and the amplitude frequency response characteristics of these filters are simulated using PSpice. Experimental results prove that each part of the scheme runs reliable and the output is stable and adjustable.
LATEST PROGRESS OF FAULT DETECTION AND LOCALIZATION IN COMPLEX ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Wang Can , Zhang Yagang , Sun Yi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the researches of complex electrical engineering, efficient fault detection and localization schemes are essential to quickly detect and locate faults so that appropriate and timely corrective mitigating and maintenance actions can be taken. In this paper, under the current measurement precision of PMU, we will put forward a new type of fault detection and localization technology based on fault factor feature extraction. Lots of simulating experiments indicate that, although there are disturbances of white Gaussian stochastic noise, based on fault factor feature extraction principal, the fault detection and localization results are still accurate and reliable, which also identifies that the fault detection and localization technology has strong anti-interference ability and great redundancy.
Results of a North American survey of rapid-sequence MRI utilization to evaluate cerebral ventricles in children
Authors: Thompson Eric M. , Baird Lissa C. , Selden Nathan R. 
Published: April 2014

Object
Growing concern about potential adverse effects of ionizing radiation exposure during imaging studies is particularly relevant to the pediatric population. To decrease radiation exposure, many institutions use rapid-sequence (or quick-brain) MRI to evaluate cerebral ventricle size. There are obstacles, however, to widespread implementation of this imaging modality. The purpose of this study was to define and quantify these obstacles to positively affect institutional and governmental policy.

Methods
A 9-question survey was emailed to pediatric neurosurgeons who were either members or candidate members of the American Society of Pediatric Neurosurgeons at every one of 101 institutions in the US and Canada having such a neurosurgeon on staff. Responses were compiled and descriptive statistics were performed.

Results
Fifty-six institutions completed the survey. Forty-four (79%) of the 56 institutions currently have a rapid-sequence MRI protocol to evaluate ventricle size, while 36 (64%) use it routinely. Of the 44 institutions with a rapid-sequence MRI protocol, 29 (66%) have had a rapid-sequence MRI protocol for less than 5 years while 39 (89%) have had a rapid-sequence MRI protocol for no more than 10 years. Thirty-six (88%) of 41 rapid-sequence MRI users responding to this question obtain a T2-weighted rapid-sequence MRI while 13 (32%) obtain a T1-weighted rapid-sequence MRI. Twenty-eight (64%) of 44 institutions never use sedation while an additional 12 (27%) rarely use sedation to obtain a rapid-sequence MRI (less than 5% of studies). Of the institutions with an established rapid-sequence MRI protocol, obstacles to routine use include lack of emergency access to MRI facilities in 18 (41%), lack of staffing of MRI facilities in 12 (27%), and the inability to reimburse a rapid-sequence MRI protocol in 6 (14%). In the 12 institutions without rapid-sequence MRI, obstacles to implementation include lack of emergency access to MRI facilities in 8 (67%), lack of staffing of MRI facilities in 7 (58%), the inability to reimburse in 3 (25%), and lack of administrative support in 3 (25%). To evaluate pediatric head trauma, 53 (96%) of 55 institutions responding to this question use noncontrast CT, no institution uses rapid-sequence MRI, and only 2 (4%) use standard MRI.

Conclusions
Many North American institutions have a rapid-sequence MRI protocol to evaluate ventricle size, with most developing this technique within the past 5 years. Most institutions never use sedation, and most obtain T2-weighted sequences. The greatest obstacles to the routine use of rapid-sequence MRI in institutions with and in those without a rapid-sequence MRI protocol are the lack of emergency access and staffing of the MRI facility during nights and weekends.
Neuro-ophthalmic effects of stenting across the ophthalmic artery origin in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Heller Robert S. , Lawlor Claire M. , Hedges Thomas R. , Bababekov Yanik J. , Safain Mina G. , Malek Adel M. 
Published: April 2014

Object
The benefits of treating intracranial aneurysms in the region of the anterior visual pathways are well understood. However, the adverse effects of endovascular stenting across the ophthalmic artery have received little attention. The authors reviewed their experience with patients who had stents deployed across the ophthalmic artery origin.

Methods
Patients' medical charts and imaging studies were reviewed to identify all patients with a non–flow diverting stent deployed over the ophthalmic artery origin for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. All patients with neuro-ophthalmic complaints were referred for formal ophthalmological evaluation.

Results
A total of 104 consecutive patients with 106 aneurysms were identified to meet criteria for inclusion in the study cohort. Preoperatively, 30 patients (29%) described headache symptoms and 32 patients (31%) reported visual complaints. Of the patients with preoperative headaches, 15 (54%) of 28 patients for whom follow-up was available experienced improvement in their symptoms. Of the patients with preoperative visual complaints, improvement was noted in 11 (41%) of the 27 patients for whom follow-up was available, 9 (33%) of 27 patients reported no change in visual symptoms, and 7 (26%) of 27 patients reported progression of symptoms. Visual field defects developing posttreatment were noted to occur in 8 (7.7%) of 104 patients: 3 with immediate postoperative retinal infarcts, 1 with perioperative hemianopia that resolved by the time of discharge, 1 with a subjective visual field defect, 1 with subjective migratory visual field defects, and 2 with nonspecific visual symptoms. Compressive symptoms from aneurysm mass effect were noted in 6 patients preoperatively, with 4 of those patients experiencing persistent worsening, resolution in 1 case, and no change in 1 case. One patient developed a novel cranial nerve palsy from mass effect in the immediate postoperative period.

Conclusions
Deployment of stents across the ophthalmic artery origin for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms appears to be relatively safe with regard to visual outcomes. Neuro-ophthalmic complaint resolution rates were comparable to endovascular procedures that do not employ stents, with headache resolution rates comparable to coil-only aneurysm obliteration and low rates of retinal ischemic events. For patients presenting with mass effect, stent-assisted coiling appears to be less effective than microsurgery with decompression for relief of compressive symptoms.
Safety and accuracy of robot-assisted versus fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw insertion for degenerative diseases of the lumbar spine: a matched cohort comparison
Authors: Schatlo Bawarjan , Molliqaj Granit , Cuvinciuc Victor , Kotowski Marc , Schaller Karl , Tessitore Enrico 
Published: April 2014

Object
Recent years have been marked by efforts to improve the quality and safety of pedicle screw placement in spinal instrumentation. The aim of the present study is to compare the accuracy of the SpineAssist robot system with conventional fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement.

Methods
Ninety-five patients suffering from degenerative disease and requiring elective lumbar instrumentation were included in the study. The robot cohort (Group I; 55 patients, 244 screws) consisted of an initial open robot-assisted subgroup (Subgroup IA; 17 patients, 83 screws) and a percutaneous cohort (Subgroup IB, 38 patients, 161 screws). In these groups, pedicle screws were placed under robotic guidance and lateral fluoroscopic control. In the fluoroscopy-guided cohort (Group II; 40 patients, 163 screws) screws were inserted using anatomical landmarks and lateral fluoroscopic guidance. The primary outcome measure was accuracy of screw placement on the Gertzbein-Robbins scale (Grade A to E and R [revised]). Secondary parameters were duration of surgery, blood loss, cumulative morphine, and length of stay.

Results
In the robot group (Group I), a perfect trajectory (A) was observed in 204 screws (83.6%). The remaining screws were graded B (n = 19 [7.8%]), C (n = 9 [3.7%]), D (n = 4 [1.6%]), E (n = 2 [0.8%]), and R (n = 6 [2.5%]). In the fluoroscopy-guided group (Group II), a completely intrapedicular course graded A was found in 79.8% (n = 130). The remaining screws were graded B (n = 12 [7.4%]), C (n = 10 [6.1%]), D (n = 6 [3.7%]), and E (n = 5 [3.1%]). The comparison of “clinically acceptable” (that is, A and B screws) was neither different between groups (I vs II [p = 0.19]) nor subgroups (Subgroup IA vs IB [p = 0.81]; Subgroup IA vs Group II [p = 0.53]; Subgroup IB vs Group II [p = 0.20]). Blood loss was lower in the robot-assisted group than in the fluoroscopy-guided group, while duration of surgery, length of stay, and cumulative morphine dose were not statistically different.

Conclusions
Robot-guided pedicle screw placement is a safe and useful tool for assisting spine surgeons in degenerative spine cases. Nonetheless, technical difficulties remain and fluoroscopy backup is advocated.
Géographie rurale des nouvelles colonies du Haut Uruguay (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil)
Authors: Pébayle Raymond 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Dernière étape du peuplement du Rio Grande do Sul, la colonisation de la région forestière du Haut Uruguay date du début du siècle et a été réalisée selon des principes nouveaux (en particulier, distribution de lots de 25 hectares seulement). Les systèmes de culture actuels du nouveau colon sont partiellement empruntés au milieu brésilien. Malgré la minutie des façons culturales et le développement de types de productions commerciales, les sols s'épuisent. L'habitat constitue un reflet fidèle de cette société paysanne partagée entre des habitudes européennes du XIXe siècle et des techniques de culture restées, par certains côtés, semi-extensives. Ce milieu rural est en crise comme le montrent la faiblesse des revenus paysans et les migrations interforêts qui tendent à vider le Haut Uruguay au profit de l'Ouest du Santa Catarina et Parana. S'il est vrai que l'exiguïté des lots primitifs justifie en partie cet exode, le caractère arriéré des systèmes de culture a aussi largement contribué à la crise actuelle de cette nouvelle colonisation. L'isolement dont a toujours souffert cette région, apparaît comme le facteur fondamental des difficultés actuelles.
Notes de morphologie glaciaire sur la haute vallée du Rio Elqui (Province de Coquimbo, Chili)
Authors: Paskoff Roland 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
La Cordillère de l'Elqui (30° lat. S.), haute montagne aride, ne présente aujourd'hui que des formes glaciaires résiduelles au-dessus de 4.000 m d'altitude (glaciers rocheux). Mais les glaciations quaternaires ont revêtu une grande ampleur. Un complexe morainique terminal, très bien conservé, prouve l'existence, pendant la dernière grande époque froide, d'un glacier long de quelque 40 km qui occupait alors la vallée du Rio La Laguna jusqu'à une altitude de 3.100 m. Des formations morainiques plus anciennes vers 2.500 m suggèrent une pulsation glaciaire encore plus forte. Enfin des dépôts probablement glaciaires du Quaternaire ancien ont été repérés vers 1.700 m.
Les débits mensuels des cours d'eau glaciaires de la Haute-Arve
Authors: Gaudet Françoise 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Ce travail est un essai d'analyse quantitative des différents modes d'alimentation des cours d'eau glaciaire de la Haute-Arve, pour la décennie (oct. 1954-sept. 1964), pendant laquelle le bilan des glaciers est faiblement négatif. La part des précipitations liquides se maintient entre 30 et 40 % ; la fusion nivale, dominante en avril (70 %), diminue jusqu'en septembre (5 %). La fusion glaciaire débute en mai et croît jusqu'en septembre, où elle atteint 60 %.
La distribution des surfaces en altitude explique largement les disparités entre les débits des cours d'eau glaciaires voisins.
Les inselberg granitiques de la Meseta ibérique méridionale.
Authors: Chaput J.-L. 
Published: April 2014

Résumé
L'Extremadure espagnole, dans sa partie centrale, se présente comme un vaste ensemble de pédiments taillés aux dépens du socle granito-gneissique hercynien et dominés par des inselberg. Les plus importants, ceux de Montanchez, sont formés de matériel granitique, ce qui est exceptionnel dans la partie méridionale de la Meseta ibérique. On ne peut y voir des horst car les failles limitant ces blocs n'ont pas rejoué à une date récente. Il s'agît donc d'un granite particulièrement dur. L'unique explication de cette dureté réside dans une porosité plus faible.
Les villes de Côte-d'Ivoire. Une méthode d'approche par l'étude des équipements tertiaires
Authors: Cotten A.M. 
Published: April 2014

Résumé.
Les équipements tertiaires des villes de Côte-d'Ivoire peuvent se diviser en trois secteurs : les services du secteur public, du secteur privé et ceux qui assurent l'équipement interne de la ville. La récapitulation de ces services et l'attribution d'indices permettent de classer les villes selon leur niveau d'équipement et la part respective du secteur public et du secteur privé. Ils révèlent l'importance prise dans ce pays par l'encadrement administratif et l 'apparition d'un secteur privé dans les centres de la Basse-Côte-d'Ivoire.