bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Visual, Hearing, and Dual Sensory Impairments and History of Motor Vehicle Collision Involvement of Older Drivers
Authors: Green Kimberly A. , McGwin Gerald , Owsley Cynthia 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the association between visual and hearing impairment and motor vehicle collision (MVC) involvement in older drivers.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNorth central Alabama.ParticipantsPopulation‐based sample of 2,000 licensed‐drivers aged 70 and older.MeasurementsVisual acuity was measured using the Electronic Visual Acuity test. Contrast sensitivity was measured using the Pelli‐Robson chart. Presence of subjective hearing loss and other health conditions were determined using a general health questionnaire. Information regarding MVCs for all participants spanning the 5 years before study enrollment was obtained from the Alabama Department of Public Safety.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, race, sex, number of miles driven, number of medical conditions, general cognitive status, and visual processing speed, older drivers with visual acuity and hearing impairment (rate ratio (RR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–2.30), contrast sensitivity impairment alone (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.00–2.02), and contrast sensitivity and hearing impairment (RR = 2.41, 95% CI = 1.62–3.57) had higher MVC rates than drivers with no visual or hearing impairments. Drivers with visual acuity loss alone or hearing loss alone did not have MVC rates that were significantly different from those of the no impairment group after adjustment for multiple variables.ConclusionOlder drivers with dual sensory impairment are at greater MVC risk than those with a visual acuity or hearing deficit alone. A combined screening approach of screening for hearing and visual impairment may be a useful tool to identify older drivers at risk of MVC involvement.
Hematologic and blood chemistry values of healthyCebus flaviuskept in northeast of Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Magda Guedes , Ferreira Adriano Fernandes , Colaço Aura Antunes , Ferreira Sibele Fernandes , de Melo Benvenutti Márcio Eduardo , Queiroga Felisbina Luisa Pereira Guedes 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundCebus flaviusis a New World Monkey found in the northeast of Brazil, listed as critically endangered. So far, no hematologic or blood chemistry reference intervals have been determined for this species.MethodsHematologic and biochemistry reference values were determined for 20 clinically healthyC. flavius, kept in captivity in the Wild Animals Screening Center, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The influence of gender and age on these variables was evaluated.ResultsConsidering sex, significant differences are found for the total count of erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and creatine kinase. Regarding the age, levels of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase are significantly higher in adults and levels of creatine kinase and calcium are significantly higher in juveniles. Considering age, no hematologic differences were found.ConclusionsThe factors age and gender had influence on some hematologic and blood chemistry variables and should not be neglected for a correct blood interpretation.
Use of alpha-tocopherol esters for topical vitamin E treatment: evaluation of their skin permeation and metabolism
Authors: Ben-Shabat Shimon , Kazdan Yolia , Beit-Yannai Elie , Sintov Amnon C 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this work was to investigate new pro-vitamins based on α-tocopherol (α-Toc) and fatty acids, and to compare their properties with those of α-tocopherol acetate (α-TAc).

Methods
Skin levels of α-Toc–fatty acid ester conjugates, total α-Toc and endogenous α-Toc were measured in skin samples taken from separate groups of treated and untreated rats. Multiple and extensive treatment with α-Toc oleate and α-TAc was also carried out to assess the skin accumulation and safety of these esters.

Key findings
The in-vivo studies revealed that α-Toc–fatty acid conjugates penetrated into the skin quantitatively while being comparable with the permeation of α-TAc. Differences were found between the levels of total α-Toc and endogenous α-Toc after application of α-TAc, α-Toc oleate, α-Toc linoleate, α-Toc-α linolenate and α-Toc palmitate, indicating that α-Toc conjugates of these fatty acids, but not α-Toc γ-linolenate or α-Toc stearate, were hydrolysed to free α-Toc. In long-term and extensive treatment, α-TAc was found to be lethal to rats treated with 1.15 mg/kg of this agent, which had been spread over 16 cm2 of skin. Similar treatment with α-Toc oleate did not produce any side effects.

Conclusions
This study suggests that α-Toc conjugates with unsaturated fatty acids may be a good alternative as stable vitamin E derivatives, rather than the α-TAc ester.
Genetic affinity between the Kam‐Sui speaking Chadong and Mulam people
Authors: DENG Qiong‐Ying , WANG Chuan‐Chao , WANG Xiao‐Qing , WANG Ling‐Xiang , WANG Zhong‐Yan , WU Wen‐Jun , LI Hui ,   the Genographic Consortium
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe origins of Kam‐Sui speaking Chadong and Mulam people have been controversial subjects in ethnic history studies and other related fields. Here, we studied Y chromosome (40 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms and 17 short tandem repeats in a non‐recombining region) and mtDNA (hypervariable segment I and coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms) diversities in 50 Chadong and 93 Mulam individuals. The Y chromosome and mtDNA haplogroup components and network analyses indicated that both Chadong and Mulam originated from the admixture between surrounding populations and the indigenous Kam‐Sui populations. The newly found Chadong is more closely related to Mulam than to Maonan, especially in the maternal lineages.
Effect of Glycerol on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wheat Starch Edible Films
Authors: Farahnaky Asgar , Saberi Bahareh , Majzoobi Mahsa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this research, edible films were produced using native wheat starch with different concentrations of glycerol (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50% of starch dry weight basis). Starch films were prepared by casting after gelatinization. The effects of glycerol on the microstructure, crystallinity, solubility in water, moisture absorption, water vapor permeability, optical and mechanical properties of the films at 25C and relative humidity range of 11–84% were investigated. The increase of glycerol content led to increase in film solubility, lightness, more compact structures and water absorption at 25C. The lowest water vapor permeabilities were found for the films with 20 and 30% glycerol. Glycerol did not change X‐ray patterns of starch films; however, the degree of crystallinity reduced. In general, for all starch films stress at break and Young's modulus decreased and elongation increased when glycerol concentration and/or RH increased.Practical ApplicationThe inclusion of glycerol into starch films prepared by casting can increase film solubility, lightness, water absorption and produce more compact structures. Glycerol up to 30% reduced the water vapor permeability of starch films and more glycerol increased this parameter. Glycerol decreased stress at break and Young's modulus of starch films; however, elongation increased. Glycerol is able to improve some mechanical properties of the starch films.
Modernist Women’s Writing: Beyond the Threshold of Obsolescence
Authors: Garrity Jane 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe new modernist studies has helped to expand the definition of modernism, but this move has simultaneously contributed to the marginalization of “women’s writing.” The rise of post‐structuralism, transnational and race studies, as well as queer and transgender theory, have all contributed to a more complicated and nuanced understanding of gender‐based analyses and their political import. However this move to expand the range and scope of our understanding of gender raises inevitable questions about the viability of the category of “modernist women’s writing.” This essay asks: What is the rationale for retaining a focus on “women’s writing”– and, more particularly, on experimental women’s writing – within modernist studies today, and how can we signal the continued vitality of this gender‐inflected area of scholarship without succumbing to the bewildering label, old‐fashioned?
Meteorites from meteor showers: A case study of the Taurids
Authors: Brown Peter , Marchenko Valerie , Moser Danielle E. , Weryk Robert , Cooke William 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe propose that the Taurid meteor shower may contain bodies able to survive and be recovered as meteorites. We review the expected properties of meteorite‐producing fireballs, and suggest that end heights below 35 km and terminal speeds below 10 km s−1 are necessary conditions for fireballs expected to produce meteorites. Applying the meteoroid strength index (PE criteria) of Ceplecha and McCrosky (1976) to a suite of 33 photographically recorded Taurid fireballs, we find a large spread in the apparent meteoroid strengths within the stream, including some very strong meteoroids. We also examine in detail the flight behavior of a Taurid fireball (SOMN 101031) and show that it has the potential to be a (small) meteorite‐producing event. Similarly, photographic observations of a bright, potential Taurid fireball recorded in November of 1995 in Spain show that it also had meteorite‐producing characteristics, despite a very high entry velocity (33 km s−1). Finally, we note that the recent Maribo meteorite fall may have had a very high entry velocity (28 km s−1), further suggesting that survival of meteorites at Taurid‐like velocities is possible. Application of a numerical entry model also shows plausible survival of meteorites at Taurid‐like velocities, provided the initial meteoroids are fairly strong and large, both of which are characteristics found in the Taurid stream.
Potential impact of soil microbiomes on the leaf metabolome and on herbivore feeding behavior
Authors: Badri Dayakar V. , Zolla Gaston , Bakker Matthew G. , Manter Daniel K. , Vivanco Jorge M. 
Published: January 2013

Summary

It is known that environmental factors can affect the biosynthesis of leaf metabolites. Similarly, specific pairwise plant–microbe interactions modulate the plant's metabolome by stimulating production of phytoalexins and other defense‐related compounds. However, there is no information about how different soil microbiomes could affect the plant growth and the leaf metabolome.

We analyzed experimentally how diverse soil microbiomes applied to the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana were able to modulate plant growth and the leaf metabolome, as assessed by GC‐MS analyses. Further, we determined the effects of soil microbiome‐driven changes in leaf metabolomics on the feeding behavior of Trichopulsia ni larvae.

Soil microbiomes differentially impacted plant growth patterns as well as leaf metabolome composition. Similarly, most microbiome‐treated plants showed inhibition to larvae feeding, compared with unamended control plants. Pyrosequencing analysis was conducted to determine the soil microbial composition and diversity of the soils used in this study.

Correlation analyses were performed to determine relationships between various factors (soil microbial taxa, leaf chemical components, plant growth patterns and insect feeding behavior) and revealed that leaf amino acid content was positively correlated with both microbiome composition and insect feeding behavior.
Ontogenic changes rather than difference in temperature cause understory trees to leaf out earlier
Authors: Vitasse Yann 
Published: January 2013

Summary

In a temperate climate, understory trees leaf out earlier than canopy trees, but the cause of this discrepancy remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether this discrepancy results from ontogenic changes or from microclimatic differences.

Seedlings of five deciduous tree species were grown in spring 2012 in the understory and at canopy height using a 45‐m‐high construction crane built into a mature mixed forest in the foothills of the Swiss Jura Mountains. The leaf development of these seedlings, as well as conspecific adults, was compared, taking into account the corresponding microclimate.

The date of leaf unfolding occurred 10–40 d earlier in seedlings grown at canopy level than in conspecific adults. Seedlings grown in the understory flushed c. 6 d later than those grown at canopy height, which can be attributed to the warmer temperatures recorded at canopy height (c. 1°C warmer).

This study demonstrates that later leaf emergence of canopy trees compared with understory trees results from ontogenic changes and not from the vertical thermal profile that exists within forests. This study warns against the assumption that phenological data obtained in warming and photoperiod experiments on juvenile trees can be used for the prediction of forest response to climate warming.
Do Low‐Wage Workers React Less to Longer Unemployment Benefits? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence*
Authors: Centeno Mário , Novo Álvaro A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe fact that unemployed workers have different abilities to smooth consumption entails heterogeneous responses to extended unemployment benefits. Our empirical exercise explores a quasi‐experimental setting generated by an increase in the benefits entitlement period. The results suggest a hump‐shape response of unemployment duration over the one‐year pre‐unemployment wage distribution; individuals at the bottom and top of the wage distribution reacted less than those in the interquartile range. This behaviour of job searchers is consistent with labour supply models with unemployment insurance and savings. It questions the optimality of very long entitlement periods to target the unemployment experiences of low‐wage workers.
PMEL: a pigment cell‐specific model for functional amyloid formation
Authors: Watt Brenda , van Niel Guillaume , Raposo Graça , Marks Michael S. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPMEL is a pigment cell‐specific protein responsible for the formation of fibrillar sheets within the pigment organelle, the melanosome. The fibrillar sheets serve as a template upon which melanins polymerize as they are synthesized. The PMEL fibrils are required for optimal pigment cell function, as animals that either lack PMEL expression or express mutant PMEL variants show varying degrees of hypopigmentation and pigment cell inviability. The PMEL fibrils have biophysical properties of amyloid, a protein fold that is frequently associated with neurodegenerative and other diseases. However, PMEL is one of a growing number of non‐pathogenic amyloid proteins that contribute to the function of the cell and/or organism that produces them. Understanding how PMEL generates amyloid in a non‐pathogenic manner might provide insights into how to avoid toxicity due to pathological amyloid formation. In this review, we summarize and reconcile data concerning the fate of PMEL from its site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum to newly formed melanosomes and the role of distinct PMEL subdomains in trafficking and amyloid fibril formation. We then discuss how its progression through the secretory pathway into the endosomal system might allow for the regulated and non‐toxic conversion of PMEL into an ordered amyloid polymer.
Protecting the living: Managerialism and professional turf wars in risk regulatory death investigations
Authors: Leslie Myles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper demonstrates how general trends in the management of public institutions, and a specific turf war between the doctors and lawyers inOntario,Canada, have combined to shape an important risk regulatory decisionmaking process: the coroner's inquest. Drawing on ethnographic evidence, I show how the priorities of managerialism, and the collateral effects of physician coroners battling with lawyers, have reduced the number of public inquests convened inOntario by 80 per cent over a 20‐year period. Where many public safety decisions affecting the province's legal, policy, and physical environments were once made at public inquests, they appear now more likely to be made in private. The paper examines the implications of reduced public participation in the analysis of, and response to, death.
Elevated levels of thrombin‐generating microparticles in stored red blood cells
Authors: Gao Y. , Lv L. , Liu S. , Ma G. , Su Y. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDuring storage, red blood cells (RBCs) lose their membrane stability, leading to haemolysis and microparticle (MP) formation. The use of RBCs stored for more than 28 days has been associated with an increased incidence of deep vein thrombosis. However, the exact mechanism by which coagulation activation is enhanced in stored RBCs is still unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the relevant potential procoagulant activities of MPs and study the relative procoagulant factors for initiating the coagulation on MPs in stored RBCs.Study Design and MethodsMPs were isolated from the plasma of RBC units stored in citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine. At seven storage time‐points (d0, d7, d14, d21, d28, d35 and d42), MPs were morphologically observed, quantified and analysed for tissue factor, factor XI (FXI) and their thrombin‐generating potential.ResultsMPs were observed using electron microscopy. The size of the MPs ranged from 0·272 μm to 0·973 μm in diameter. During the storage of RBCs in plastic bags, the MP concentration increased from 3389 ± 218/μl at day 0 to 61 586 ± 2237/μl at d42. Thrombin generation was dependent on the total number of MPs (r = 0·987). Anti‐human FXI antibody inhibited thrombin concentrations by 50·3% compared with control plasma, whereas antitissue factor and antitissue factor pathway inhibitor failed to reduce thrombin concentrations.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence that MP formation due to RBC storage might propagate coagulation not only by exposing phosphatidylserine, but also by initiating thrombin generation independently of tissue factor in a FXI ‐dependent manner.
From consensus to action: knowledge transfer, education and influencing policy on sports concussion
Authors: Provvidenza Christine , Engebretsen Lars , Tator Charles , Kissick Jamie , McCrory Paul , Sills Allen , Johnston Karen M 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo: (1) provide a review of knowledge transfer (KT) and related concepts; (2) look at the impact of traditional and emerging KT strategies on concussion knowledge and education; (3) discuss the value and impact of KT to organisations and concussion-related decision making and (4) make recommendations for the future of concussion education.DesignQualitative literature review of KT and concussion education literature.InterventionPubMed, Medline and Sport Discus databases were reviewed and an internet search was conducted. The literature search was restricted to articles published in the English language, but not restricted to any particular years. Altogether, 67 journal articles, 21 websites, 1 book and 1 report were reviewed.ResultsThe value of KT as part of concussion education is increasingly becoming recognised. Target audiences benefit from specific learning strategies. Concussion tools exist, but their effectiveness and impact require further evaluation. The media is valuable in drawing attention to concussion, but efforts need to ensure that the public is aware of the right information. Social media as a concussion education tool is becoming more prominent. Implementation of KT models is one approach which organisations can use to assess knowledge gaps; identify, develop and evaluate education strategies and use the outcomes to facilitate decision-making.ConclusionsImplementing KT strategies requires a defined plan. Identifying the needs, learning styles and preferred learning strategies of target audiences, coupled with evaluation, should be a piece of the overall concussion education puzzle to have an impact on enhancing knowledge and awareness.
Methoxetamine toxicity reported to the National Poisons Information Service: clinical characteristics and patterns of enquiries (including the period of the introduction of the UK's first Temporary Class Drug Order)
Authors: Hill Simon L , Harbon Siân C D , Coulson James , Cooper Gillian A , Jackson Gill , Lupton David J , Vale J Allister , Thomas Simon H L 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo report the demographic and clinical characteristics of cases of methoxetamine toxicity reported to The National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) by healthcare professionals. To assess the pattern of enquiries from health professionals to the UK NPIS related to methoxetamine, including the period of the making of the UK first Temporary Class Drug Order (TCDO).MethodsAll telephone enquiries to and user sessions for TOXBASE, the NPIS on-line information resource, related to methoxetamine (and synonyms ‘MXE’, ‘mket’ and ‘2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(ethylamino)cyclohexanone’) were reviewed from 1 April 2010 to 1 August 2012. Data were compared for the 3 months before and after the TCDO.ResultsThere were 47 telephone enquiries and 298 TOXBASE sessions regarding methoxetamine during the period of study. Comparing the 3 months before and after the TCDO, TOXBASE sessions for methoxetamine fell by 79% (from 151 to 32) and telephone enquiries by 80% (from 15 to 3). Clinical features reported by enquirers were consistent with case reports of analytically confirmed methoxetamine toxicity and typical toxidromes were of stimulant (36%), reduced consciousness (17%), dissociative (11%) and cerebellar (6.4%) types, but also particularly featured acute disturbances in mental heath (43%).ConclusionsStructured NPIS data may reveal trends in drugs of abuse use and toxicity when interpreted within their limitations. Since April 2012, there have been fewer enquiries to NPIS from clinicians, indicating reduced presentations with suspected methoxetamine toxicity to healthcare services. It is unclear if this is related to the TCDO made on 5 April 2012.
The role of ambulatory hysteroscopy in reproduction
Authors: Robinson Lynne L L , Cooper Natalie A M , Clark T Justin 
Published: January 2013

Hysteroscopy is a mainstay of modern gynaecologic practice. However, the role of ambulatory hysteroscopy and associated procedures has increased dramatically in recent years. The outpatient setting has associated benefits, both for the patient and economically. The advent of less invasive vaginoscopic techniques means that diagnostic hysteroscopy is achievable safely, comfortably and efficiently in almost all women and avoids the risk of a general anaesthetic.This review aims to summarise first the role for ambulatory hysteroscopy in diagnosis of conditions contributing to reproductive failure. The second section of the review concentrates on the therapeutic interventions that can be performed hysteroscopically in the ambulatory setting such as tubal catheterisation, tubal occlusion and uteroplasty. Lastly, we discuss the role outpatient hysteroscopy plays in established contraceptive techniques such as intrauterine device placement, and the more recent advent of hysteroscopic sterilisation.