bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural course of splenic artery aneurysm with associated spontaneous splenorenal shunt in non‐cirrhotic liver: An 18‐year observational follow‐up and review of literature
Authors: Chen Jong‐Shyone , Chuang Shih‐Chang , Wang Shen‐Nien , Chang Wen‐Tsan , Kuo Kung‐Kai , Lee King‐Teh , Ker Chen‐Guo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThrough a review of the literature, a splenic artery aneurysm (SAA) with associated spontaneous splenorenal shunt (SSRS) was only reported in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. However, a natural course of a SAA with associated SSRS was found in a non‐cirrhotic male patient during an 8‐year observational follow‐up, and thus reported. Initially, splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia were noted; SSRS was observed later with a tortuous dilated splenic artery, and a SAA was then progressively formed and found. The patient received splenectomy with aneurysm resection and SSRS was preserved. Post‐operative follow‐up revealed that the size of the SSRS was reduced. Through the course, no abnormalities of liver enzymes, portal hypertension, or esophageal‐gastric varicose were found in the patient. No positive association was demonstrated between the formation of SSRS and the severity of liver cirrhosis in patients, implying some other factors, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mentioned in the literature, might be involved.
Getting Beyond the Plateau: Bridging the Gap Between Rehabilitation and Community‐Based Exercise
Authors: Rimmer James H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRehabilitation specialists have a unique opportunity to serve as the drivers of change in promoting the use of exercise facilities by people with newly acquired disabilities. Identifying programs that are effective and sustainable for extending recovery in a community‐based exercise facility after rehabilitation may reduce the risk of secondary health complications and optimize health and function. This article describes an approach for closing the gap between inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation and the use of community‐based exercise facilities by people with disabilities. Extending recovery from rehabilitation to community‐based exercise requires a transitional setting (eg, hospital‐based fitness facilities and specialized fitness centers and programs for people with disabilities) that provides greater support and supervision in teaching individuals with disabilities (and, when necessary, their caregivers) how to exercise safely and effectively and access the programs, equipment, and services available in these facilities. With the shortened amount of rehabilitation time that many patients are given after acquiring a disability or being treated for a new health condition, community‐based exercise facilities and the fitness professionals who are employed in them must become part of the rehabilitation continuum and obtain additional training to better serve the needs of people with newly acquired disabilities who are leaving rehabilitation.
The Paralympic Movement: Using Sports to Promote Health, Disability Rights, and Social Integration for Athletes With Disabilities
Authors: Blauwet Cheri , Willick Stuart E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCompetitive sports for people with disabilities has grown rapidly over the past several decades, and opportunities for participation are increasingly available throughout the spectrum from developmental to elite. The Paralympic Games, seen as the pinnacle sporting event that represents the broader Paralympic Movement, has provided a platform to showcase the abilities of people with disabilities while also serving as a catalyst for disability rights through ensuring integration, equality of opportunity, and accessibility of the built environment. Concurrently, media coverage of the Paralympic Games has led to an increased awareness of opportunities for sport participation for individuals with disabilities and, with it, the adjustment of norms regarding expectations for exercise as a component of preventive health. In addition, there is evidence of the power of sports to stimulate confidence, self‐efficacy, and a self‐perceived high quality of life for individuals with disabilities above and beyond the basic benefits to cardiometabolic fitness. When taken together, the promotion of health, disability rights, and social integration through sports has the power to transform the lives of those who participate and to further stimulate the expansion of opportunities available to the next generation of athletes with disabilities.
The Role of Exercise in the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Laskowski Edward R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe United States is in the midst of a significant public health problem that relates to obesity and inactivity. This epidemic has far‐ranging consequences for our workforce and our children and shows no signs of slowing in the near future. Significant research has been performed on the effects of exercise for the reduction of body weight; results of most studies indicate that exercise alone has a small effect on body‐weight reduction independent of caloric restriction. However, when combined with dietary restriction, exercise has a synergistic effect and enhances weight loss beyond the effect of diet alone. In addition, exercise has been shown to have significant beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors independent of actual weight loss, and losing just a small amount of weight can have a significant beneficial effect on these parameters. Genetic factors related to obesity have been found to be positively modified when persons incorporate physical activity into their lifestyle. Sitting time appears to be an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic risk factors; persons who spend more time sitting and watching television have worse metabolic profiles, even if they achieve the recommended amount of physical activity per week, than do those who move about throughout the day. Exercise also is essential for the prevention of weight gain over a life span, although the amount required to prevent weight gain may be closer to twice the amount of exercise recommended by the current Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (www.health.gov/paguidelines). In many ways, the physiatrist is the most well prepared of all the specialists to address the complex, multidimensional problems of obesity and inactivity.
Exercise for Patients With Osteoporosis: Management of Vertebral Compression Fractures and Trunk Strengthening for Fall Prevention
Authors: Sinaki Mehrsheed 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMaintenance of bone health and quality requires mechanical strain, but the mechanical force needs to be within the bone's biomechanical competence. In osteoporosis, compression of vertebral bodies can be insidious. Therefore, absence of pain does not necessarily indicate absence of vertebral microfracture and deformity. Further, patients with previous vertebral fractures are at risk for further vertebral fractures and their associated morbidity. Exercise is a part of the comprehensive management of patients with osteoporosis and has been associated with improvement of quality of life and lowered risk of future fracture. The exercise prescription needs to match the needs of the patient. If exercise is not prescribed properly, then it may have negative consequences. In general, an exercise program, therapeutic or recreational, needs to address flexibility, muscle strength, core stability, cardiovascular fitness, and gait steadiness. As with pharmacotherapy, therapeutic exercises need to be individualized on the basis of musculoskeletal status and an individual's exercise interest. In osteoporosis, axial strength and stability are of primary importance. In particular, a spinal extensor strengthening program should be performed with progressive measured resistance as tolerated. To address falls and fractures, an exercise program should also include balance and lower extremity strength training. Proper dosing of oral cholecalciferol and calcium supplements can enhance the effect of strengthening exercises. Finally, a coordinated approach, such as the Spinal Proprioception Extension Exercise Dynamic (SPEED) program, can improve back extensor strength, the level of physical activity, and locomotion, and reduce back pain and fear and risk of falls.
Role of Montgomery salivary stent placement during pharyngolaryngectomy, to prevent pharyngocutaneous fistula in high-risk patients
Authors: Bondi S , Giordano L , Limardo P , Bussi M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula after pharyngolaryngectomy with and without a Montgomery salivary stent.Design:Retrospective analysis of patients with factors that predispose to the development of pharyngocutaneous fistula (i.e. disease extending to the supraglottic region, base of the tongue or pyriform sinuses, and/or radiochemotherapy).Subjects:Between 2002 and 2008, 85 pharyngolaryngectomies were performed in our clinic. Of these patients, 31 were at increased risk of fistula development, of whom 45 per cent developed fistulas post-operatively. This subgroup of 31 patients was compared with a second subgroup of 22 patients at high risk of fistula development, treated between 2009 and 2011 with pharyngolaryngectomy and with a Montgomery salivary stent placed in advance during closure of the neopharynx.Results:Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the rate of fistula development, from 45 to 9 per cent (p < 0.01), with application of the salivary stent.Conclusion:These data confirm the preventive effect of a salivary stent placed during pharyngolaryngectomy, for patients at high risk of fistula development.
The politics of moving beyond prejudice
Authors: Howarth Caroline , Wagner Wolfgang , Kessi Shose , Sen Ragini 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDixon et al. have highlighted the importance of a political conceptualisation of intergroup relations that challenges individualising models of social change. As important as this paper is for the development of critical debates in psychology, we can detect at least three issues that warrant further discussion: (a) the cultural and historical conditions of structural inequality and its perception, (b) the marginalisation of post-colonial works on collective mobilisation, and (c) acknowledging the complex perspectives and politics of those targeted by prejudice.
Dilated cardiomyopathy due to hypocalcaemic rickets: is it always a reversible condition?
Authors: Fabi Marianna , Gesuete Valentina , Petrucci Roberta , Ragni Luca 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNutritional rickets is still occasionally found in high-income countries, especially in populations at risk, and induced hypocalcaemia is a rare but possible cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. Although rare, physicians need to consider nutritional rickets in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcaemia cardiac failure, especially in high-risk populations such as immigrants. Despite being a reversible condition, the prognosis depends on the severity and time of diagnosis. We report two cases of exclusively breastfed infants with congestive cardiac failure due to hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy who had completely different outcomes. This report supports the need for prevention of this deficiency and underlies the role of vitamin D supplementation.
T-lymphocyte CREB as a potential biomarker of response to antidepressant drugs
Authors: Lim Shinn-Won , Kim Seonwoo , Carroll Bernard J. , Kim Doh Kwan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResponse to drug treatment of major depression is variable and biomarkers of response are needed. Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) is considered a key mediator of antidepressant drug effect. We studied CREB in T-lymphocytes as a potential predictor of response to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in 69 Korean depressed patients. We determined total CREB (tCREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and CRE-DNA binding using immunoblot and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, at baseline and after 6 wk treatment. Thirty-four healthy controls were also studied. The rate of response was 36 of 69 cases (52%). Baseline levels of tCREB and pCREB were lower in the total depressed group compared to controls (p = 0.044 and p<0.001, respectively). Baseline tCREB values in responders were significantly reduced in comparison to non-responders and to controls. After 6 wk treatment, median values of change of all CREB measures were greater in responders (36) than in non-responders (33; p<0.001 for tCREB, p = 0.003 for pCREB, and p=0.072 for CRE-DNA binding). Similar but less robust changes in CREB variables distinguished remitters from non-remitters. The optimum value of baseline tCREB predicted response with a positive predicted value of 0.778 [21/27; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.621–0.935], negative predictive value of 0.643 (27/42; 95% CI 0.498–0.788) and accuracy of 0.695 (48/69; 95% CI 0.586–0.804). Patients with low baseline tCREB had a significantly greater rate of response (78%) than patients with high baseline tCREB (36%), p < 0.001. Moreover, the greatest changes in tCREB with treatment were observed in subjects who did respond. This preliminary study suggests that T-lymphocytic CREB biomarkers are reduced in depressed patients and may assist in the prediction of response to SSRI drugs in depression.
The isotopic signature of particulate organic C and N in bottom ice: Key influencing factors and applications for tracing the fate of ice‐algae in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pineault Simon , Tremblay Jean‐Éric , Gosselin Michel , Thomas Helmuth , Shadwick Elizabeth 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe isotopic, taxonomic, and nutrient dynamics of protist communities at the bottom of first‐year sea ice were studied for a wide range of ice conditions during the spring‐summer transition in the southeast Beaufort Sea. In bottom ice, total protist abundance ranged from 0.07 to 9.94 × 109 cells m–2 and chlorophyll a biomass ranged from 0.33 to 110 mg m–2. Both variables were positively related to the concentrations of nitrate, silicic acid, and phosphate at the ice‐water interface, with r2 values between 0.63 and 0.79. Results showed that the δ13C of sympagic (ice‐associated) particulate organic matter (POM) (–27.1 to –11.4‰) was mainly influenced by ice protist stocks and dissolved inorganic carbon availability. Flagellated cells maintained a low δ13C relative to diatoms. The δ15N of POM (3.9 to 9.4‰) could not be explained by any of the variables considered and showed considerable overlap with the pelagic δ15N‐POM (0.0 to 10.3‰). Detailed analyses of δ13C‐POM through size fractionation and settling experiments along with a short temporal study of the interaction between sympagic and pelagic communities confirmed or demonstrated that (1) the analysis of stable C isotopes is a valuable tool to trace the flow of ice‐derived matter, (2) sympagic POM contributes substantially to suspended pelagic biomass during release episodes, and (3) ice‐grown autotrophic flagellated cells have a strong potential to interact with the pelagic biota in the coastal Arctic Ocean. This study highlights the need to carefully evaluate stable isotope dynamics before assessing food web interactions or the fate of POM in seasonally ice‐covered waters.
Use of flow modeling to assess sustainability of groundwater resources in the North China Plain
Authors: Cao Guoliang , Zheng Chunmiao , Scanlon Bridget R. , Liu Jie , Li Wenpeng 
Published: November 2012

Key Points
Regional groundwater model for North China Plain integrating most available data
Most comprehensive analyses to date of groundwater storage depletion in the NCP
Groundwater sustainability under complex hydrologic and socioeconomic conditions
Magnetostatic behaviour of antidot arrays under the local influence of nanopillars
Authors: Béron Fanny , Knobel Marcelo , Pirota Kleber R 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We fabricated highly ordered patterned Permalloy nanometric structures by means of ion beam sputtering on top of an anodic aluminium oxide nanoporous template. First-order reversal curve (FORC) results and micromagnetic simulations indicate the presence of Permalloy inside one side of the pores, leading to a nanopillar array anisotropically arranged combined with an antidot array. The strong shape anisotropy of the pillar forces it to maintain the magnetization along its axis, even for a large in-plane applied field. This phenomenon induces out-of-plane hysteresis, as well as in-plane anisotropic behaviour. Depending on the in-plane applied field direction, the presence of nanopillars differently modifies the regular domain pattern, and therefore they could act as a new parameter for tailoring of magnetic anisotropy in antidot arrays.
Kreck-Stolz invariants for quaternionic line bundles
Authors: Crowley Diarmuid , Goette Sebastian 
Published: November 2012

We generalise the Kreck-Stolz invariants

s
2

s_2

and

s
3

s_3

by defining a new invariant, the

t
t

-invariant, for quaternionic line bundles

E
E

over closed spin-manifolds

M
M

of dimension

4
k
−
1

4k-1

with

H
3

(
M
;

Q

)
=
0

H^3(M; \mathbb Q) = 0

such that

c
2

(
E
)
∈

H
4

(
M
)

c_2(E)\in H^4(M)

is torsion. The

t
t

-invariant classifies closed smooth oriented

2
2

-connected rational homology

7
7

-spheres up to almost-diffeomorphism, that is, diffeomorphism up to a connected sum with an exotic sphere. It also detects exotic homeomorphisms between such manifolds.

The

t
t

-invariant also gives information about quaternionic line bundles over a fixed manifold, and we use it to give a new proof of a theorem of Feder and Gitler about the values of the second Chern classes of quaternionic line bundles over

H

P
k

\mathbb H P^k

. The

t
t

-invariant for

S

4
k
−
1

S^{4k-1}

is closely related to the Adams

e
e

-invariant on the

(
4
k
−
5
)

(4k-5)

-stem.
The rate constant for the reaction of CO2 with enzymebound ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate in vivo
Authors: Viil Juta , Pärnik Tut 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The partial reactions during carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) were studied. A method is proposed for the in vivo estimation of the rate constant for the reaction of CO2 with the ene-diol of RuBP formed in the active site of RuBP carboxylase/ oxygenase (Rubisco). The method involves a pretreatment of the leaves, in the light, with different concentrations of CO2 in nitrogen, followed by 6 s exposure to CO2-free air. Then the leaves are exposed to 14CO2 and the kinetics of 14C uptake are determined after 0.2–0.4 s. It is assumed that the mechanism is a regular bimolecular reaction with the rate linearly dependent on the concentrations of substrates. A value for the rate constant of 0.06 μM−1 s−1 was obtained, independent of the CO2 concentration during pretreatment. However, high pretreatment-[CO2] decreased the concentration of the competent RuBP-binding sites.
Photosynthetic limitations: use in guiding effort in crop improvement
Authors: Jones Hamlyn G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Methods for identifying the important processes limiting crop production and especially photosynthesis are discussed with special reference to the use of transgenic plants with altered expression of the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). Recent advances in the use of metabolic control analysis are reviewed and some restrictions in their application to crop improvement are discussed. Metabolic control and other sensitivity approaches are compared with the opportunities offered by ‘elimination’ analyses where the contribution of one component is estimated from the change in assimilation rate when any limitation by that component is removed. It is concluded that although control or sensitivity analyses provide effective tools for describing the importance of component processes, especially when using transgenic approaches to generation of isogenic material, our present limited knowledge of the complex interactions between various metabolic pathways restricts the value of these approaches in guiding breeding effort.
Photosynthesis, productivity and environment
Authors: Lawlor David W. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The relation between photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area (Pn), total photosynthesis by canopies and dry matter production (DMP) of crops is reviewed. Although Pn is the driving force for all plant growth, total DMP is determined by processes integrated over the canopy, primarily light interception and thus by leaf area index (LAI) and canopy architecture and leaf area duration (LAD). The processes are not linearly related so that effects on DMP of changes in the efficiency of conversion of energy of radiation to dry matter are smaller than those associated with LAI. Photosynthesis is much less sensitive to changing environmental conditions than development of leaf area. This explains the apparent anomaly that Pn does not determine the variation in productivity of a crop under normal agronomic practice, despite the role of photosynthesis in providing all the assimilates for DMP. Breeding and selection of crops for higher yield has not resulted in improvements in dry matter production. Indeed, potential photosynthetic rate has decreased under selection breeding, compensated by increased leaf area: the causes are considered. Crops growing at or near their potential rate use most of the available solar energy and there is a strong correlation between radiation absorbed and DMP and canopy photosynthesis is not light saturated. To increase production it will be necessary to extend either the growing season or to improve light conversion efficiency; the latter is best achieved by increasing Pn. The limiting factors in photosynthetic metabolism which determine Pn under different environmental conditions, are reviewed. Increased Pn is not likely to come from altering light harvesting, electron transport or ATP and NADPH synthesis which are potentially very flexible and have large capacity: there is large genetic variation. Synthesis of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) depends on activity of Calvin cycle enzymes which may be limiting due to environmental factors. Increasing the atmospheric CO2 supply increases production of C3 plants under current conditions: this is due to a decrease in the oxygenase function of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco). Improving the specificity factor of Rubisco is a long-term goal to decrease photorespiration. Even if Pn is increased, evidence from theoretical and crop canopy studies suggest that the increase in biomass production will only be a small proportion of the increase in Pn, and DMP also depends on the crop's sink capacity. Crop production is a function of many processes, at the level of the chloroplast, the leaf and the canopy. To increase Pn and production of crops will require knowledge of processes at all levels in the plant-environment system.