bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of storage conditions on industrial sugar retention in energy beets
Authors: Vargas-Ramirez Juan M. , Wiesenborn Dennis P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEnergy beets could compete with corn grain as
important industrial-sugar feedstocks for biofuels. However,
long-term energy beet storage is necessary to maximize
processing equipment use, and storage conditions
may entirely differ from those established in the sugar industry.
This work evaluated combined effects of surface
treatment, temperature, and storage atmosphere on beet
sugar retention. Initially, beets were dipped in solutions of
either a senescence inhibitor (N6-benzylaminopurine) or
one of two antimicrobial agents (acetic acid and pHresh
10.0r) at weight fractions of 0.05 and 0.1%, and 0.1 and
1%, respectively. Beets were then stored for up to 36 wk
either under aerobic conditions or in sealed containers,
at 6ºC or 25ºC. Surface treatment did not show a statistically
significant effect on sugar retention. Aerobic storage
at 25ºC enabled initial beet sugar retention due to dehydration
caused by low relative humidity (37%) in air. In
contrast, aerobic storage at 6ºC enabled sugar retention for
24 wk; however, sugar retention decreased sharply thereafter
to 56%. This decrease coincided with mold appearance
on beet surfaces. Beets stored in sealed containers at
both temperatures retained 38% of initial sugars. Increasing
surface area to better incorporate preservatives into
beet tissue could improve long-term sugar retention.
The Effect of Unconditional Cash Transfers on Adult Labour Supply: A Unitary Discrete Choice Model for the Case of Ecuador
Authors: Mideros Andrés , O’Donoghue Cathal 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe examine the effect of unconditional cash transfers by a unitary discrete labour supply model. We argue that there is no negative income effect of social transfers in the case of poor adults because leisure could not be assumed to be a normal good under such conditions. Using data from the national employment survey of Ecuador (ENEMDUR) we estimate the effect of the
The expression of non-actual motion in Swedish, French and Thai
Authors: Blomberg Johan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDynamic descriptions of static spatial situations, such asthe road goes through the foresthave attracted a lot of attention across different semantic theories. Analyses in terms of fictive motion and subjective motion have proposed that such expressions are strongly motivated by universal cognitive and conceptual factors. I present theoretical arguments for the conflation of several different motivations in the literature. Instead of a single general motivation, three distinct experiential motivations are presented under the termnon-actual motion. These experiential motivations are used to design an elicitation tool for investigating non-actual motion cross-linguistically. Elicited descriptions from speakers of Swedish, French and Thai suggest that such descriptions are conventionalized in all three languages, which supports the universal character of non-actual motion across languages. However, in expressing non-actual motion, the language-specific resources for expressing actual motion are used.
English regional dialect lexis in the names and occupations of the Gloucestershire Cotswolds: A reassessment of the relationship between names and dialects
Authors: Parkin Harry 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A number of surname-based studies have presented a relationship between medieval regional dialect lexis and the distribution of associated modern-day surnames. However, by carrying out localised research, it appears that the two might not be so closely linked as previously thought, with discrepancies in the distribution of regionally specific names and equivalent occupational descriptions. As a result, there seems to be a need to reconsider the connection between regional lexicons and corresponding name stocks, which may have been less closely related, at a period of non-hereditary by-naming, than current knowledge suggests.
Taro or Oyster? The production merger of the two mid back vowels, [o] and [ɔ], in a major dialect of Taiwan Southern Min
Authors: Hsu Hui-ju 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
One of the two major dialects of Taiwaesen Southern Min [TSM] has two mid back vowels, /o/ and / ɔ/. This distinction is well documented in classic Chinese phonology and agreed upon by most TSM linguists. However, an increasing number of recent evidence-based studies have reported the falling together of these two vowels and, indeed, many non-linguists as well have noticed the loss of the distinction. Since these two vowels are so similar in nearly all phonetic features most studies carried out heretofore which concluded that the merger had in fact taken place were based on auditory criteria. The present study, however, the methodology of which has been designed to take account of the low literacy rate of TSM speakers, as well as the frequent contact which takes place between TSM dialects, investigates the status of these two vowels making use of both acoustic and statistical data. Results indicate that in TSM /o/ and / ɔ / have merged in the case of younger speakers. Both internal and external factors are proposed which have affected the merger, and the further suggestion is put forward that, though the instance of sound shift reversal in Taiwan is on record, this is not likely to occur in the case of TSM /o/ and / ɔ /.
Chemically modified Retama raetam biomass as a new adsorbent for Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution: non-linear regression, kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Hashem Ali , Hammad Hamdy A. , Al-Anwar Alaauddin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract(RR), a desert plant, was chemically modified by the reaction with succinic acid at high temperature to form succinic acid treated
Utilization of waste dried Mangifera indica leaves for extraction of mangiferin by conventional batch extraction and advance three-phase partitioning
Authors: Kulkarni Vrushali M. , Rathod Virendra K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Waste dried Mangifera indica (mango) leaves were utilized as a promising source of mangiferin, a valuable biomolecule. Different extraction procedures like three-phase partitioning and batch extraction were evaluated to get an optimum yield of mangiferin. Various parameters affecting the extraction process like salts, time, slurry to t-butanol ratio, ammonium sulfate, pH 6 and solute to solvent ratio were optimized. In three-phase partitioning, the yield of mangiferin obtained was 28 mg/g at a concentration of 40% w/v ammonium sulfate, pH 6, slurry to t-butanol ratio 1:1, solute to solvent ratio 1:40 and time 2 h. Conventional batch extraction using water as solvent resulted in a yield of 23 mg/g in 2 h 40 min, while Soxhlet extraction, as a reference method, yielded 57 mg/g in 5 h. Thus, conventional batch extraction with water can be used for large-scale operations of mangiferin extraction.
Evaluation of Bee Diversity within Different Sweet Cherry Orchards in the Sultandaği Reservoir (Turkey)
Authors: Güler Yasemin , Dikmen Fatih , Özdem Ayşe 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Many varieties of sweet cherry are self-incompatible. Therefore, sweet cherry orchards require a huge population of pollinator bees to carry out an adequate amount of pollen transfer between the different varieties. Our study was conducted to evaluate the differences in the richness and diversity of these pollinators within very closely located sweet cherry orchards, and to understand the underlying effects causing these differences. The study was conducted in the Sultandağı Reservoir (Turkey) which covers the towns of Sultandağı (Afyonkarahisar) and Akşehir (Konya). In order to avoid a sampling bias, Malaise traps were used to collect bee samples. Sampling collections were repeated for three years; from 2007 to 2009, between April and May. The traps were set in the bud-swell period and lifted in the green-fruit period. Climatic data were taken from meteorology stations near the orchards. Vegetation in the surrounding areas was also inspected. The composition of pollinator bee species was determined and compared between orchards. In total, 83 bee species and 38 plant species were recorded. It was found that Halictidae is the most abundant and richest group among the pollinator bees. The effects of the quantity of the Malaise traps on bee sampling success were also tested. It was found that one trap per 325 trees is enough for an adequate sampling. Apart from the annual fluctuations of bee richness in the orchards, general differences in the bee diversity among orchards might be affected by the surrounding vegetation and especially from different agricultural practices such as tilling the ground.
Markov Boundary Discovery with Ridge Regularized Linear Models
Authors: Strobl Eric V. , Visweswaran Shyam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRidge regularized linear models (RRLMs), such as ridge regression and the SVM, are a popular group of methods that are used in conjunction with coefficient hypothesis testing to discover explanatory variables with a significant multivariate association to a response. However, many investigators are reluctant to draw causal interpretations of the selected variables due to the incomplete knowledge of the capabilities of RRLMs in causal inference. Under reasonable assumptions, we show that a modified form of RRLMs can get “very close” to identifying a subset of the Markov boundary by providing a worst-case bound on the space of possible solutions. The results hold for any convex loss, even when the underlying functional relationship is nonlinear, and the solution is not unique. Our approach combines ideas in Markov boundary and sufficient dimension reduction theory. Experimental results show that the modified RRLMs are competitive against state-of-the-art algorithms in discovering part of the Markov boundary from gene expression data.
Convergence rate of some hybrid multigrid methods for variational inequalities
Authors: Badea Lori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn [L. Badea, Global convergence rate of a standard multigrid method for variational inequalities, IMA J. Numer. Anal., 34 (2014), No. 1, 197-216], a global convergence rate of the standard monotone multigrid method for variational inequalities is derived. This algorithm can be also viewed as performing multiplicative iterations on each level and also multiplicative iterations over the levels. In the present paper, this algorithm together with other three algorithms,which are combinations of additive or multiplicative iterations on levels with additive or multiplicative iterations over the levels, are analyzed in a unitary manner and in a more general framework which allow us to consider problems in the Sobolev space W
Polyphenol oxidase and lysozyme mediate induction of systemic resistance in tomato, when a bioelicitor is used
Authors: Goel Navodit , Kumar Paul Prabir 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is attacked by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato causing heavy damage to the crops. The present study focused on the application of aqueous fruit extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica L.) on a single node of aseptically raised tomato plants. Observations were done, and the changes in the activity and isoenzyme profile of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lysozyme, both at the site of treatment as well as away from it, were noted. The results demonstrate that neem extract could significantly induce the activities of both the enzymes as well as upregulate the de novo expression of additional PPO isoenzymes. Induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) by natural plant extracts is a potent eco-friendly crop protection method.
Lexicographical structuring: the number and types of fields, data distribution, searching and data presentation / Lexikographische Strukturierung: Die Anzahl und Typen der Felder, Datendistribution, Suchen und Datenpräsentation / Structuration lexicographique: le nombre et les types de champs, distribution des données, recherche et présentation des données
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Agerbo Heidi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This contribution will not describe the structure in existing dictionaries. Instead, it will focus on the decisions that lexicographers make when they draw up the concept for and carry out the production of one or more new dictionaries, or when they consider making changes in the data presentation in an existing dictionary. This part of the lexicographical work is what we call structuring, which encompasses a number of various lexicographical decisions. One of these is choosing the fields that a database should contain. Typically, for some of these field types, it will be easy to distribute data, but for other fields it will require much consideration as there are several distribution options with different outcomes of varying usefulness. A second type of lexicographical decision to be made by the lexicographer is the predefined searching, which involves in what order searches are to be made in the different database fields and how these searches should result in a certain presentation of fields in the dictionary. An essential part of the argumentation in this contribution is based on the distinction between polyfunctional and monofunctional dictionaries. Most printed dictionaries are polyfunctional dictionaries, which are close to useless on electronic devices such as tablets and smartphones as they contain a vast amount of data. Only by producing monofunctional dictionaries is it possible to avoid information overload. In the case of monofunctional dictionaries, lexicographical structuring becomes particularly important as these dictionaries are derived from the same database but contain completely different structures.
E-Waste In Bangladesh: Evaluating The Situation, Legislation And Policy And Way Forward With Strategy And Approach
Authors: Alam Mahbub , Bahauddin Khalid Md. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Electronic waste (e-waste) is one of the fastest-growing pollution problems worldwide given the presence if a variety of toxic substances which can contaminate the environment and threaten human health, if disposal protocols are not meticulously managed. In Bangladesh almost 2.7 million metric tons of e-waste generated per year. Of this amount only 20 to 30 percent is recycled and the rest of the waste is released in to landfills, rivers, drains lakes, canals, open spaces which are very hazardous for the health and environment. Since Bangladesh is in the stream of rapid technological advancement, it is seldom to take necessary steps to avoid the future jeopardized situation because of e-waste. The current practices of e-waste management in Bangladesh suffer from a number of drawbacks like the difficulty in inventory, unhealthy conditions of informal recycling, inadequate legislation and policy, poor awareness and reluctance on part of the corporate to address the critical issues. The paper highlights the associated issues and strategies to address this emerging problem, analyses the policy and its gaps. Therefore, this paper also suggest that e-waste policy development may require a more customized approach where, instead of addressing e-waste in isolation, it should be addressed as part of the national development agenda that integrates green economy assessment and strategic environmental assessment as part of national policy planning. Finally this work also suggests some alternative strategies and approaches to overcome the challenges of e-waste.
Cuantification Of Land Degradation Sensitivity Areas In Romania Using European DISMED Data
Authors: Prăvălie Remus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLand degradation is presently an important environmental issue in many regions of the Globe, including Central South-Eastern Europe, where Romania is located. This study aims to quantify areas with significant sensitivity to degradation at national level, based on data provided by the European Environment Agency, obtained relatively recently through the DISMED project (Desertification Information System for the Mediterranean) in the Mediterranean and Central South-Eastern regions of Europe. The analysis is based on extracting SDI index (Desertification Sensitivity Index) information for the country’s entire territory, as well as for certain major regional, natural (landforms) and anthropogenic (counties) units. Thus, the areas corresponding to the most representative classes for land degradation potential in Romania were extracted, i.e. the ones with moderate and high sensitivity. The study also attempts to differentiate the degradation / desertification processes spatially, by delimiting drylands, for which the land degradation process is considered to be equivalent to desertification. The results showed that, at national level, there are ~ 72 000 km2 of lands with moderate and high degradation potential (30% of the country’s total surface), of which 80% (~ 57 000 km2) can be classified as sensitive to desertification. It was noticed that most degradation-prone areas are concentrated in the Romanian Plain (~ 30000 km2 moderate sensitivity) and the Dobrogea Plateau (~ 4150 km2 high sensitivity), in terms of the natural criterion, and in Braila (~ 4200 km2 moderate sensitivity) and Constanta (~ 3200 km2 high sensitivity) counties, in terms of the anthropogenic one. It was also found that land degradation in these areas corresponds to desertification, considering the existence of dry sub-humid and semi-arid climates, which are components of dryland systems.
Assessing Microscale Environmental Changes: CORINE Vs. The Urban Atlas
Authors: Petrişor Alexandru-Ionuţ , Petrişor Liliana Elza 
Published: November 2015

AbstractApplying geostatistical approaches to spatial data is a common method for assessing the transitional dynamics of land cover and use changes induced by human activities. However, the relevance of results depends largely on the quality of data. CORINE data have showed their utility in assessing long term changes at the macro-scale, but their use at the micro-scale is impeded by the spatial resolution and changes in the methodology of obtaining them. Recently, new data from the Urban Atlas were provided at a greater resolution for urban areas. In an attempt to assess their potential for analyzing transitional dynamics at the micro-scale, this paper compared the two data sets using the case study of Bucharest. The results indicate that the Urban Atlas does a better job in surprising the fragmentation of land in urban areas, and providing the real extent of specific features diminished by CORINE.
Flood Analysis Using Hydrological Modeling. Case Study – The Flood In The Upper Catchment Of River Geru, Galaţi County, Romania
Authors: Balan Isabela , Crenganiş Loredana , Pricop Claudiu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper analyzes the flood that occurred between 11th and 13th of September 2013 in the upper catchment of the river Geru. The flood was simulated using the program Mike by DHI with the Unitary Hydrograph Method. As input data, we used the precipitation measured at the Automated Hydrological Sensor Station Cudalbi and radar precipitations. We analyzed the importance of accuracy for input data on the simulation results and the direct influence of setting the proper time steps in achieving the simulated discharge hydrograph. It appears that radar precipitations used as input data lead to a discharge hydrograph with low errors for amplitude and phase of the runoff peak.
The model can be used in the future to reproduce the floods produced in the analyzed catchment and to study the influence of physical and geographical characteristics of the hillslopes.
Geospatial Technology In Environmental Impact Assessments – Retrospective.
Authors: Goparaju Laxmi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Environmental Impact Assessments are studies conducted to give us an insight into the various impacts caused by an upcoming industry or any developmental activity. It should address various social, economic and environmental issues ensuring that negative impacts are mitigated. In this context, geospatial technology has been used widely in recent times.
The present study wishes to bring forth certain discrepancies detected while analyzing an Environmental Impact Assessment study of a proposed thermal power plant in Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. If proper analysis is not done then the impacts are under estimated or over estimated. Thus, a proper understanding of the area under study and various techniques of analyzing satellite remote sensing data is required to achieve successful impact assessments which lead us in the right direction.
Aspects Regarding The Anthropic Influence On The “Movila Lui Burcel” Protected Area (Vaslui County)
Authors: Irina Irimia , Valentina Ambrono , Anişoara Stratu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper underlines some aspects regarding the anthropic influence on the “Movila lui Burcel” protected area. There were done some periodical displacement and observations in the field (2012-2014); there were identified anthropic factors with negative influence on the protected area; there were described the effects of the action of these factors. The anthropic factors with negative influence identified on the territory of the protected area are: the existence of the plantations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia); unreasonable grazing; presence of wastes and some fire hearths. The effects of the anthropic factors identified are represented by: modifications of the habitat with serious consequences on the existence and perpetuation of rare and vulnerable species included on the red lists; degrading of landscape.
Monitoring Of Pollutants In Museum Environment
Authors: Ana-Maria Budu , Ion Sandu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Art works are affected by environmental factors as light, temperature, humidity. Air pollutants are also implicated in their degradation. The pollution in museums has two sources: the air from outside, which brings usually dust and inorganic particles, and the inside sources – the materials used for casings (sealants, textiles placed on the display cases, varnishes, wood) that emanate organic compounds. The dust is composed of particles with a diameter of approximately 2µm or higher, which come from soil (silica) or animal and vegetal residues (skin cells, pollen). They facilitate water condensation on objects surface and biologic attack. The inorganic compounds are a result of materials combustion (SO2, NO2, NO) and in presence of water they form acidic compounds which affect the museum objects. The organic compounds are usually peroxides, acids, phthalates, formaldehyde. The effects of these pollutants are: soiling, surface discolouration, embrittlement, corrosion. Therefore, conservators are interested in monitoring the pollution degree in the display cases or in the museum air and in analyzing the effects of pollutants on the exhibited objects. They use different methods for pollutants identification, like direct reading devices based on colorimetry, that can be read after few minutes and hours (they interact with the pollutants in atmosphere), or indirect reading samples that require a laboratory. The information gathered is used for the identification of pollution source and to analyze the concentration of pollutants needed to provoke damages on the surfaces of art objects. This paper is a review of pollutants that affect the art objects and of the monitoring systems used for their identification and measuring.