bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN TRANSFERRED FROM A SOCIOEMOTIONALLY DEPRIVING INSTITUTION TO ST. PETERSBURG (RUSSIAN FEDERATION) FAMILIES
Authors: Muhamedrahimov Rifkat J. , Agarkova Varvara V. , Vershnina Elena A. , Palmov Oleg I. , Nikiforova Natalia V. , McCall Robert B. , Groark Christina J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBehavior problems were studied in fifty 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children transferred from a socioemotionally depriving Russian institution to domestic families. Results indicated that the postinstitutional (PI) sample as a whole had higher clinical/borderline behavior problem rates on the parent‐reported Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 (T.M. Achenbach & L.A. Rescorla, 2001) aggressive and lower rates on the withdrawn/depressed and internalizing problems scales than did non‐institutionalized (non‐I) children reared in Russian families. Compared with the U.S. standardization sample, PI children had significantly higher rates for aggressive, externalizing, and social problems; the non‐I children had higher rates for withdrawn/depressed and internalizing problems; and both groups had higher rates for rule‐breaking behavioral problems. PI children placed in domestic families at 18 months or older had higher rates of problems than did the U.S. non‐I standardization sample, but children placed at younger ages did not. PI children transferred to nonbiological families had lower rates of problems compared to U.S. norms than did children transferred to biological families. Thus, prolonged early socioemotional deprivation was associated with a higher percentage of behavior problems in children placed in domestic families, especially if transferred to biological families.
Predicting fibromyalgia, a narrative review: Are we better than fools and children?
Authors: Ablin J.N. , Buskila D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common and intriguing condition, manifest by chronic pain and fatigue. Although the pathogenesis of FMS is not yet completely understood, predicting the future development of FMS and chronic pain is a major challenge with great potential advantages, both from an individual as well as an epidemiological standpoint. Current knowledge indicates a genetic underpinning for FMS, and as increasing data are accumulated regarding the genetics involved, the prospect of utilizing these data for prediction becomes ever more attractive. The co‐existence of FMS with multiple other functional disorders indicates that the clinical identification of such symptom constellations in a patient can alert the physician to the future development of FMS. Hypermobility syndrome is another clinical (as well as genetic) phenotype that has emerged as a risk factor for the development of FMS. Stressful events, including early life trauma, are also harbingers of the future development of FMS. Functional neuroimaging may help to elucidate the neural processes involved in central sensitization, and may ultimately also evolve into markers of predictive value. Last but not least, obesity and disturbed sleep are clinical (inter‐related) features relevant for this spectrum. Future efforts will aim at integrating genetic, clinical and physiological data in the prediction of FMS and chronic pain.
Kinetics of photocatalytic reduction of nitrate in synthetic and real effluent using TiO2 doped with Zn as photocatalyst
Authors: de Bem Luiz Danielle , José Humberto Jorge , Peralta Muniz Moreira Regina de Fátima 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main industries that contribute to the presence of nitrate in water are the production of fertilizers, explosives, pulp and paper, and food products. Nitrate removal by filtration and advanced biological processes can be costly and generate unwanted waste. The catalytic photoreduction of nitrate to N2 has recently been proposed. However, most studies do not address the kinetic aspects of the reactions.RESULTSThe kinetics model of Langmuir–Hinshelwood for nitrate photoreduction in the presence of formic acid in aqueous solution and in real industrial effluent using ZnO‐TiO2 as the photocatalyst was proposed and adjusted to the experimental data obtained for a synthetic effluent (R2 = 0.991; apparent constant of the reaction was k′R = 0.226 mg N (mg C min)−1). After adaptation the model was used to predict the reaction time required to remove a given concentration of nitrate from the effluent produced by a slaughterhouse (k″R = k′R/2).CONCLUSIONThe proposed kinetic model can be applied to any type of effluent, promoting the possibility of production of high quality reuse water, reduction of fresh water consumption, reduction of discharge of pollutants discharged in water bodies, hence promoting the preservation of the environment. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Predictors of prognosis for squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue
Authors: Thiagarajan Shivakumar , Nair Sudhir , Nair Deepa , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Kane Shubhadra V. , Agarwal Jai Prakash , D'Cruz Anil K. 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectivesCertain tumor‐related factors like thickness increases the risk of nodal metastasis and may affect survival in patients with oral tongue cancers. The objective of this study is to identify those tumor‐related prognostic predictors that can potentially influence decision for adjuvant radiotherapy.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients with oral tongue cancers treated primarily by surgery at Tata Memorial Hospital between January 2007 and June 2010. The demographic and commonly reported histopathological features were analyzed for their influence on disease free and overall survival.ResultsFive hundred eighty‐six patients were eligible for the study, of which 416 were males and 117 were females. Follow‐up details were available for 498 (85%) patients with a median follow‐up of 18 months and mean follow‐up of 22 months. There were 302 patients who were alive and disease free at the last follow‐up. This group had a mean follow‐up of 27 months and median follow‐up of 27.5 months. Disease recurrences during follow‐up were observed in 184 (31%) patients. Sixty‐one patients died subsequently. Perineural invasion significantly affected disease free survival (DFS). A tumor thickness of more than 11 mm significantly affected the overall survival (OS).ConclusionOther than nodal metastasis, tumor‐related factors like thickness and perineural invasion are adverse prognostic factors and can influence survival. These patients, especially in case of early stage cancers, may potentially benefit from postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy.Level of Evidence2b. J. Surg. Oncol 2014; 109:639–644. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expression of CD24, p21, p53, and c‐myc in alpha‐fetoprotein‐producing gastric cancer: Correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics and survival
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Yu Hongmei , Cai Hong , Wang Yanong 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD24, p21, p53, and c‐myc in lesions of patients with Alpha‐Fetoprotein (AFP)‐producing gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis.MethodsOne hundred and four patients with AFP‐producing gastric cancer were included into this study. The levels of CD24, p21, p53, and c‐myc were examined by immunohistochemistry.The prognostic value of these biological markers and the correlation between biological markers and clinicopathological factors were investigated.ResultsThe percentages of positive expression of CD24, p21, p53, and c‐myc were 31.7%, 77.9%, 75.0%, and 66.3%, respectively. CD24 expression correlated with histological grade (P = 0.045) and Lauren type (P = 0.006); p21expression with Borrmann type (P = 0.035); c‐myc expression with Borrmann type (P = 0.029). p21 expression was related with poor survival in univariate analysis (P = 0.016). Multivariate analysis showed that p21 expression, vascular invasion, and pathological stage were defined as independent prognostic factors.ConclusionThe expression of p21 was an independent prognostic factor for patients with AFP‐producing gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:859–864. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Autofluorescence of liver tissue and bile: Organ functionality monitoring during ischemia and reoxygenation
Authors: Croce Anna C. , Ferrigno Andrea , Santin Giada , Piccolini Valeria M. , Bottiroli Giovanni , Vairetti Mariapia 
Published: March 2014

Background and ObjectiveAutofluorescence (AF) based optical biopsy of liver tissue is a powerful approach for the real‐time diagnosis of its functionality. Since increasing attention is given to the bile production and composition to monitor the liver metabolic engagement in surgery and transplantation, we have investigated the bile AF properties as a potential, additional diagnostic parameter.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSpectrofluorometric analysis has been performed in real time on a rat liver model of warm ischemia and reperfusion—60 minutes partial portal vein and hepatic artery clamping and subsequent restoration of blood circulation—in comparison with sham operated rats. The AF spectra have been recorded through a single fiber optic probe (366 nm excitation) from both liver tissue and bile, collected from the cannulated bile duct, and analyzed by means of curve fitting procedures. Bile composition has been also analyzed through biochemical assays of bilirubin, total bile acids (TBA) and proteins.ResultsBoth liver and bile AF signal amplitude and spectral shape undergo changes during induction of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. The liver tissue response is mainly ascribable to changes in NAD(P)H and flavins and their redox state, largely dependent on oxygen supply, and to the decrease of both vitamin A and fatty acid AF contributions. During comparable times, sham operated rat livers undergo smaller alterations in AF spectral shape, indicating a continuous, slight increase in the oxidized state. Bile AF emission shows a region in the 510–600 nm range ascribable to bilirubin, and resulting from the contribution of two bands, centered at about 515–523 and 570 nm, consistently with its bichromophore nature. Variations in the balance between these two bands depend on the influence of microenvironment on bilirubin intramolecular interchromophore energy transfer efficiency and are likely indicating alteration in a bile composition. This event is supported also by changes observed in the 400–500 nm emission region, ascribable to other bile components.ConclusionsIn parallel with the intratissue AF properties, mainly reflecting redox metabolic activities, the bile AF analysis can provide additional information to assess alterations and recovery in the balance of liver metabolic activities. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:412–421, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Presymptomatic electrophysiological tests predict clinical onset and survival in SOD1G93A ALS mice
Authors: Mancuso Renzo , Osta Rosario , Navarro Xavier 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We assessed the predictive value of electrophysiological tests as a marker of clinical disease onset and survival in superoxide‐dismutase 1 (SOD1)G93A mice. Methods: We evaluated the accuracy of electrophysiological tests in differentiating transgenic versus wild‐type mice. We made a correlation analysis of electrophysiological parameters and the onset of symptoms, survival, and number of spinal motoneurons. Results: Presymptomatic electrophysiological tests show great accuracy in differentiating transgenic versus wild‐type mice, with the most sensitive parameter being the tibialis anterior compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude. The CMAP amplitude at age 10 weeks correlated significantly with clinical disease onset and survival. Electrophysiological tests increased their survival prediction accuracy when evaluated at later stages of the disease and also predicted the amount of lumbar spinal motoneuron preservation. Conclusions: Electrophysiological tests predict clinical disease onset, survival, and spinal motoneuron preservation in SOD1G93A mice. This is a methodological improvement for preclinical studies. Muscle Nerve 50: 943–949, 2014
Graphene oxide‐induced polymerization and crystallization to produce highly conductive polyaniline/graphene oxide composite
Authors: Mohamadzadeh Moghadam Mohamad Hasan , Sabury Sina , Gudarzi Mohsen Moazzami , Sharif Farhad 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTGraphene oxide (GO)–polyaniline (PANI) composite is synthesized by in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of GO as oxidant, resulting in highly crystalline and conductive composite. Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirms aniline polymerization in the presence of GO without using conventional oxidants. Scanning electron microscopic images show the formation of PANI nanofibers attached to GO sheets. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicate the presence of highly crystalline PANI. The sharp peaks in XRD pattern suggest GO sheets not only play an important role in the polymerization of aniline but also in inducing highly crystalline phase of PANI in the final composite. Electrical conductivity of doped GO–PANI composite is 582.73 S m−1, compared with 20.3 S m−1 for GO–PANI obtained by ammonium persulfate assisted polymerization. The higher conductivity appears to be the result of higher crystallinity and/or chemical grafting of PANI to GO, which creates common conjugated paths between GO and PANI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1545–1554
Antibody structure determination using a combination of homology modeling, energy‐based refinement, and loop prediction
Authors: Zhu Kai , Day Tyler , Warshaviak Dora , Murrett Colleen , Friesner Richard , Pearlman David 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe present the blinded prediction results in the Second Antibody Modeling Assessment (AMA‐II) using a fully automatic antibody structure prediction method implemented in the programs BioLuminate and Prime. We have developed a novel knowledge based approach to model the CDR loops, using a combination of sequence similarity, geometry matching, and the clustering of database structures. The homology models are further optimized with a physics‐based energy function (VSGB2.0), which improves the model quality significantly. H3 loop modeling remains the most challenging task. Our ab initio loop prediction performs well for the H3 loop in the crystal structure context, and allows improved results when refining the H3 loops in the context of homology models. For the 10 human and mouse derived antibodies in this assessment, the average RMSDs for the homology model Fv and framework regions are 1.19 Å and 0.74 Å, respectively. The average RMSDs for five non‐H3 CDR loops range from 0.61 Å to 1.05 Å, and the H3 loop average RMSD is 2.91 Å using our knowledge‐based loop prediction approach. The ab initio H3 loop predictions yield an average RMSD of 1.28 Å when performed in the context of the crystal structure and 2.67 Å in the context of the homology modeled structure. Notably, our method for predicting the H3 loop in the crystal structure environment ranked first among the seven participating groups in AMA‐II, and our method made the best prediction among all participants for seven of the ten targets. Proteins 2014; 82:1646–1655. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pollen‐mediated transfer of herbicide resistance in Echinochloa crus‐galli
Authors: Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V , Norsworthy Jason K 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPollen‐mediated gene flow (PMGF) can facilitate the dispersal and spread of herbicide resistance from one weed population to another within an agricultural landscape. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent of PMGF in Echinochloa crus‐galli (barnyardgrass), an important herbicide‐resistant weed species in the United States and across the world.RESULTSGene flow declined exponentially with distance, and the double exponential decay model predicted an average gene flow of 5.6% when the pollen donor and recipient plants were at a close distance of 0.25 m from each other (12.5% at 0 m). Gene flow declined by 90% at 0.9 m from the pollen source, yet gene flow was detected as far as 50 m (the farthest distance studied). The farthest gene flow occurred in directions of the fastest wind events, but mean gene flow levels were similar among the directions.CONCLUSIONResults indicate that long‐distance, landscape‐scale PMGF is unlikely in barnyardgrass, but gene flow is likely to occur between adjacent fields at levels greater than initial frequencies of resistance alleles in natural, unselected populations. Thus, any resistance management strategy should consider the likelihood that PMGF can contribute to the spread of herbicide resistance between production fields. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
On query execution over encrypted data
Authors: Baby Tinu , Cherukuri Aswani Kumar 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTo ensure the confidentiality of the encrypted data in a database‐as‐a‐service model, the sensitive data need to be encrypted. When this encrypted data are queried, complete record has to be decrypted to fetch the actual results. This paper is concentrating on improving the performance of different query operations, that is, non‐aggregate, aggregate, and user‐defined query operations on encrypted data. The performance of these query operations over the encrypted data is compared with that of the available methods in terms of the execution time, and it is found that the efficiency of the proposed approach is better than that of the traditional approach. Effectiveness of different types of non‐aggregate query operations is identified in terms of filter ratio and false ratio. The analysis has shown that the filter ratio increases and the false ratio decreases with increase in size of sensitive string and the reachability matrix generated for non‐aggregate attribute. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive least significant bit matching revisited with the help of error images
Authors: Afrakhteh Masoud , Lee Jeong‐A 
Published: March 2014

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art steganographic schemes, such as highly undetectable stego (HUGO) and its extended version, aim at least significant bit (LSB)‐based approaches embedding up to 1 bpp and are more concerned about the undetectability level of the stego image rather than the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio. The complexity of such methods is quite high, too. In this work, a steganographic scheme is proposed in a spatial domain that takes advantage of error images resulting from applying an image quality factor (the same as the ones used in JPEG compression) in order to find the pixels where a slight change could be made. The amount of change is adaptively embedded using LSB matching revisited. We show that our proposed method is less detectable than HUGO and almost as undetectable as the extended HUGO while it has a greater time performance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients' rationale for declining participation in a cancer‐associated weight loss study
Authors: Wanger Tammy , Foster Nathan R. , Nguyen Phuong L. , Jatoi Aminah 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFewer than 5 % of cancer patients participate in clinical research. Although this paltry rate has led to extensive research on this topic, previous studies have not sought verbatim comments in a real‐time, comprehensive manner to understand why patients decline.MethodsThis study used a low‐risk, non‐interventional parent study that focused on cancer‐associated weight loss to understand patients' reasons for declining research participation. A research assistant wrote down the name and verbatim reason of all patients who declined to participate. These comments with accompanying patient demographic data are the subject of this report.ResultsOf the 334 patients, 51 (15 %) declined parent study enrollment; three comment‐related themes emerged: (1) a repelling sense of too much institutional research, (2) overwhelming personal health issues, and (3) a low likelihood of returning to the institution. In univariate and multivariate analyses, only age (older) and gender (female) were associated with non‐enrollment. Interestingly, 41 patients with fatigue scores of 7 or worse and 26 with pain scores of 7 or worse were enrolled.ConclusionsAlthough many factors were associated with declining to participate in research, symptom severity was not. Upfront education might help cancer patients better prioritize their participation in research, particularly as some patients felt overwhelmed by too much research in the institution; and for now, investigators should continue to keep asking patients for their participation.
Swimming in shear
Authors: Saintillan David 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe complex patterns observed in experiments on suspensions of swimming cells undergoing bioconvection have fascinated biologists, physicists and mathematicians alike for over a century. Theoretical models developed over the last few decades have shown a strong similarity with Rayleigh–Bénard thermal convection, albeit with a richer dynamical behaviour due to the orientational degrees of freedom of the cells. In a recent paper, Hwang & Pedley (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 738, 2014, pp. 522–562) revisit previous models for bioconvection to investigate the effects of an external shear flow on pattern formation. In addition to casting light on new mechanisms for instability, their study demonstrates a subtle interplay between shear, swimming motions and bioconvection patterns.
The initial transient and approach to self-similarity of a very viscous buoyant thermal
Authors: Peng Gunnar G. , Lister John R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn isolated buoyant thermal in very viscous fluid has been shown to attain a self-similar form at large times which grows as $t^{1/2}$ (Whittaker & Lister J. Fluid Mech., vol. 606, 2008, pp. 295–324). For large values of the Rayleigh number $\mathit{Ra}$ (based on the conserved total buoyancy), the similarity solution is slender with a roughly spherical head at the top and a long tail that contains most of the buoyancy and extends down to the origin. We investigate the time-dependent behaviour of the thermal numerically; both the long-time behaviour in terms of perturbations to the similarity solution and the short-time evolution from a spherical initial condition. Using a spectral method, we find the growth rates of the linear perturbations and their spatial structure in similarity space. All eigenmodes decay monotonically for $\mathit{Ra}\lesssim 360$, while for larger $\mathit{Ra}$ the dominant (slowest decaying or fastest growing) eigenmodes are oscillatory with waves propagating up the tail. Above a critical value $\mathit{Ra}_c \approx 10\, 000$, the steady solution becomes unstable to a limit cycle. A one-dimensional reduction to horizontally integrated quantities hints at a theoretical explanation for the oscillatory behaviour, but does not reproduce the loss of stability. Investigation of the initial transient at large $\mathit{Ra}$ reveals that an initially spherical thermal can rise $O(100)$ times its initial diameter before approaching its final self-similar shape. The presence of a rigid horizontal floor below the thermal makes a quantitative difference of around 10 % to the rate of rise at large $\mathit{Ra}$.