bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posaconazole for primary antifungal prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia or myelodysplastic syndrome during remission induction chemotherapy: a single‐centre retrospective study in Korea and clinical considerations
Authors: Cho Sung‐Yeon , Lee Dong‐Gun , Choi Su‐Mi , Choi Jae‐Ki , Lee Hyo‐Jin , Kim Si‐Hyun , Park Sun Hee , Choi Jung‐Hyun , Yoo Jin‐Hong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Kim Hee‐Je , Min Woo‐Sung 
Published: July 2015

SummaryPosaconazole was introduced as the primary antifungal prophylaxis (PAP) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients during remission induction chemotherapy. Data on breakthrough invasive fungal infections (IFIs) from various centres are essential, as there are several considerations in treating IFIs in the posaconazole era. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of posaconazole PAP and identify characteristics of IFIs at a single centre in Korea. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with AML/MDS undergoing remission induction chemotherapy between December 2010 and November 2013. Of the 424 patients, 140 received posaconazole and 284 received fluconazole prophylaxis. The incidence of breakthrough proven/probable IFIs (15.5% vs. 2.9%, P < 0.001) and empirical antifungal treatment (EAFT) (45.8% vs. 12.9%, P < 0.001) decreased in the posaconazole group compared to the fluconazole group. In the posaconazole PAP group, two cases of breakthrough mucormycosis were noted among 13 proven/probable/possible IFI cases (15.4%). Overall and IFI‐related mortality was 12.1% and 1.9% respectively. Fungus‐free survival was significantly higher in the posaconazole group (74.7% vs. 87.1%, P = 0.028). Breakthrough IFIs and EAFT decreased significantly after posaconazole PAP. The benefit in fungus‐free survival was noted with posaconazole PAP. Clinicians should be vigilant to identify non‐Aspergillus IFIs with active diagnostic effort.
Effects of aromatherapy on sleep quality and anxiety of patients
Authors: Karadag Ezgi , Samancioglu Sevgin , Ozden Dilek , Bakir Ercan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn intensive care units (ICUs), patients cannot sleep well. Aromatherapy is used for depression, anxiety, relaxation and disorders related with sleep and stress.AimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of lavender essential oil on the sleep quality and anxiety level of patients in coronary ICU.ParticipantsA total of 60 patients in coronary ICU participated in this study.DesignA randomized controlled study was conducted with 60 patients in a province located in the southeast of Turkey.MethodsAfter informing the patients in both groups about the study, they were administered a questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scale. The patients in the intervention group were given 2% lavender essential oil via inhalation for 15 days after which they were administered the same scales again to evaluate the sleep quality and anxiety. As for the control group, they were administered the same scales again after 15 days without the inhalation of lavender essential oil.ResultsComparison of the PSQI and BAI scores of the patients in the control and intervention groups before and after the intervention showed statistically significant differences in the change in favour of the intervention group (p < 0·05).ConclusionLavender essential oil increased quality of sleep and reduced level of anxiety in patients with coronary artery disease.Relevance to clinical practiceAs a non‐invasive, cheap, easily applicable, cost‐effective, independent nursing intervention and appropriate for cardiac patients, lavender essential oil could be applied in ICUs.
Inundation duration and vertical vegetation zonation: a preliminary description of the vegetation and structuring factors in borokotóh (hummock igapó), an overlooked, high‐diversity, Amazonian vegetation association
Authors: Barnett Adrian A. , Silva Welma Sousa , Shaw Peter J. A. , Ramsay Paul M. 
Published: July 2015

Here we present data on a study of the species composition and structure of borokotóh, a habitat associated with central Amazonian seasonally black‐water flooded forests. Borokotóh appears never to have been specifically studied before, being mentioned only once or twice in the literature (and then not under this name). This is the first report on the phytosociology of this vegetation association.Borokotóh is, on average, only some 20 m wide, but very species rich (107 species in 60 genera from 34 families in one 0.25‐ha plot). It consists of a series of rounded hummocks of fine‐grained mud, each 6–12 m in length and 2–3 m in height, separated by narrow sloughs. Hummocks are seasonally inundated almost to their flat tops, which remained dry in the years of the survey. Species are strongly stratified within the borokotóh, with over 78% of identified species being recorded in just one of the three hummock sub‐divisions: top, side or in between‐hummock slough. This specificity, almost certainly linked to inundation duration and waterlogging tolerance, may explain the high species diversity recorded. The study is significant in demonstrating that undescribed habitats still exist in Amazonia, and that biodiversity there may be structured in ways that are highly localized and habitat‐specific. There is clearly a need for more detailed work on borokotóh and similar vegetation associations where high biodiversity may be associated with very specific local features.
Trade‐offs between seed output and life span – a quantitative comparison of traits between annual and perennial congeneric species
Authors: Vico Giulia , Manzoni Stefano , Nkurunziza Libère , Murphy Kevin , Weih Martin 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Perennial plants allocate more resources belowground, thus sustaining important ecosystem services. Hence, shifting from annual to perennial crops has been advocated towards a more sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, wild perennial species have lower seed production than selected annuals, raising the questions of whether there is a fundamental trade‐off between reproductive effort and life span, and whether such trade‐off can be overcome through selection.

In order to address these questions and to isolate life span from phylogenetic and environmental factors, we conducted a meta‐analysis encompassing c. 3000 congeneric annual/perennial pairs from 28 genera. This meta‐analysis is complemented with a minimalist model of long‐term productivity in perennial species.

Perennials allocate more resources belowground and less to seeds than congeneric annuals, independently of selection history. However, existing perennial wheat and rice could achieve yields similar to annuals if they survived three years and each year doubled their biomass, as other perennial grasses do.

Selected perennial crops maintain the large belowground allocation of wild perennials, and thus can provide desired regulatory ecosystem services. To match the seed yield of annuals, biomass production of perennial grains must be increased to amounts attained by some perennial grasses – if this goal can be met, perennial crops can provide a more sustainable alternative to annuals.
Brief Isolation Changes Nociceptive Behaviors and Compromises Drug Tests in Mice
Authors: Han Rafael Taeho , Lee Hyunkyoung , Lee JaeHee , Lee Sat‐Byol , Kim Hee Jin , Back Seung Keun , Na Heung Sik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHerding with a litter is known to comfort rodents, whereas isolation and grouping with noncagemates provoke stress. The effects of stress induced by isolation and grouping with noncagemates on pain responses, and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We assessed the effect of isolation, a common condition during behavioral tests, and of grouping on defecation and pain behaviors of mice. Fecal pellets were counted 2 hours after exposure to the test chamber. It is significantly more in the isolated mice than in the grouped mice. Hindpaw withdrawal threshold and withdrawal latency were adopted as the indicatives of mechanical and thermal pain sensitivities, respectively. Interestingly, isolated mice showed higher pain thresholds than mice grouping with cagemates, and even those with noncagemates, indicating analgesic effects. Such effects were reduced by intrathecal injection of 0.01 mg/kg of naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist), atosiban (oxytocin and vasopressin receptor antagonist), and ketanserin (5‐HT receptor antagonist). Intraperitoneal delivery of 1 mg/kg of naloxone and atosiban, but not ketanserin, also alleviated the isolation‐induced analgesic effects. In contrast, these drugs at the same dose had no significant effect on the mice grouping with cagemates. In addition, the effect of morphine on thermal pain was more robust in the mice grouping with cagemates than in the isolated mice.These data demonstrated that brief isolation caused analgesia, mediated by endogenous opioidergic, oxytocinergic, and serotonergic pathways.These results indicate that isolation during pain behavioral tests can affect pain responses and the efficacy of drugs; thus, nociception tests should be conducted in grouping.
Distinct 18S rRNA precursors are targets of the exosome complex, the exoribonuclease RRP6L2 and the terminal nucleotidyltransferase TRL in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Sikorski Pawel J. , Zuber Hélène , Philippe Lucas , Sement François M. , Canaday Jean , Kufel Joanna , Gagliardi Dominique , Lange Heike 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA and its incorporation into functional ribosomes is an essential and intricate process that includes production of mature ribosomal RNA from large precursors. Here, we analyse the contribution of the plant exosome and its co‐factors to processing and degradation of 18S pre‐RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data show that, unlike in yeast and humans, an RRP6 homologue, the nucleolar exoribonuclease RRP6L2, and the exosome complex, together with RRP44, function in two distinct steps of pre‐18S rRNA processing or degradation in Arabidopsis. In addition, we identify TRL (TRF4/5‐like) as the terminal nucleotidyltransferase that is mainly responsible for oligoadenylation of rRNA precursors in Arabidopsis. We show that TRL is required for efficient elimination of the excised 5′ external transcribed spacer and of 18S maturation intermediates that escaped 5′ processing. Our data also suggest involvement of additional nucleotidyltransferases, including terminal uridylyltransferase(s), in modifying rRNA processing intermediates in plants.
Effects of 6 Weeks Resistance Training Combined With Plyometric and Speed Exercises on Physical Performance of Pre-Peak-Height-Velocity Soccer Players
Authors: Rodríguez-Rosell David , Franco-Márquez Felipe , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Mora-Custodio Ricardo , Yáñez-García Juan M. , González-Suárez José M. , González-Badillo Juan J. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose:To analyze the effects of low-load, high-velocity resistance training (RT) combined with plyometrics on physical performance in pre-peak-height-velocity (PHV) soccer players.Methods:Thirty young soccer players from the same academy were randomly assigned to either a strength training (STG, n = 15) or a control group (CG, n = 15). Strength training consisted of full squat exercise with low load (45–58% 1RM) and low volume (4–8 repetitions/set) combined with jumps and sprints twice a week over 6 wk of preseason. The effect of the training protocol was assessed using sprint performance over 10 and 20 m, countermovement jump, estimated 1-repetition maximum, and average velocity attained against all loads common to pre- and posttests in full squat.Results:STG showed significant improvements (P = .004–.001) and moderate to very large standardized effects (ES = 0.71–2.10) in all variables measured, whereas no significant gains were found in CG (ES = –0.29 to 0.06). Moreover, significant test × group interactions (P < .003–.001) and greater between-groups ESs (0.90–1.97) were found for all variables in favor of STG compared with CG.Conclusion:Only 6 wk of preseason low-volume and low-load RT combined with plyometrics can lead to relevant improvements in strength, jump, and sprint performance. Thus, the combination of field soccer training and lightweight strength training could be used for a greater development of the tasks critical to soccer performance in pre-PHV soccer players.
Menger-Hausdorff metric and common fixed point theorems in Menger probabilistic G-metric spaces
Authors: Tu Qiang , Zhu Chuanxi , Wu Zhaoqi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce the concepts of generalized probabilistically bounded set $\Omega^{*}$

Ω
∗

and Menger-Hausdorff metric $\widetilde{G}^{*}$

G
˜

∗

in Menger probabilistic G-metric spaces, and prove that $(\Omega^{*},\widetilde{G}^{*},\Delta)$
(

Ω
∗

,

G
˜

∗

,
Δ
)
is also a Menger probabilistic G-metric space. Utilizing these concepts, we establish some common fixed point theorems for three hybrid pairs of mappings satisfying the common property $(E.A)$
(
E
.
A
)
in Menger probabilistic G-metric spaces. Finally, an example is given to exemplify the theorems.
The benefits of on-site cytology with ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in a one-stop neck lump clinic
Authors: Ganguly A , Giles TE , Smith PA , White FE , Nixon PP 
Published: July 2015

INTRODUCTION In the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidance on cancer services published in 2004, it was recommended that specialist clinics should be set up for the assessment of patients with neck lumps, structured in a similar way to one-stop breast lump clinics with a cytopathologist present and preferably ultrasound guidance. The aim of this study was to audit the performance of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) with on-site cytology in a one-stop neck lump clinic at The Royal Liverpool University Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were collected between November 2008 and May 2009 (7 months). Details of the adequacy rate for the FNA were recorded and whether multiple passes were required. The likely adequacy rate if ultrasound guidance was not available was also calculated. RESULTS A total of 274 patients were included in the audit. Of these, 227 (83%) patients required a single pass for adequate diagnostic material. Of the remaining, 45 (16%) required two passes and 2 (1%) required three passes. The overall sample inadequacy rate was 11 of 274 (4%). From these results, it could be predicted that, if immediate cytological evaluation was unavailable, the inadequacy rate would have been 41 of 274 (15%). CONCLUSIONS This audit has illustrated the benefits of a one-stop clinic with on-site cytology in providing a rapid diagnostic head and neck cancer service.
Elective day-case laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a formal assessment of the need for outpatient follow-up
Authors: van Boxel GI , Hart M , Kiszely A , Appleton S 
Published: July 2015

Introduction Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is performed routinely as day-case surgery. Most hospital trusts have a policy of no routine postoperative outpatient follow-up although there are no formal guidelines on this. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the incidence of complications, the degree of symptom resolution and patient satisfaction with a view to formally appraising the need for outpatient follow-up. Methods Patients who underwent LC in the period between February 2011 and June 2012 were contacted retrospectively by telephone. A standardised questionnaire was used to ascertain the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI), other complications, symptom resolution and patient satisfaction. Results A total of 211 responses were collected. The rate of SSI was 7.6% (n=16), with the only specific risk factor being smoking (p=0.027). All other complications had a combined incidence of 7% (n=15). There was complete resolution of symptoms in 64% of patients. Of the 36% of patients with residual symptoms, 45% described abdominal discomfort or pain, 41% described reflux symptoms and 14% complained of diarrhoea. Patient satisfaction was very high (96%), yet 33% of patients visited their general practitioner postoperatively in relation to their surgery. Conclusions Patients are highly satisfied with elective day-case LC. However, SSI is not uncommon, occurring in 1 in 13 patients. Although the majority of patients experience complete symptom resolution, a significant proportion do not. In our experience, routine outpatient follow-up is not required. Nevertheless, the lack of formal follow-up may prove a missed learning opportunity, potentially resulting in inappropriate patient selection for surgery.
Psychotropic and Anticonvulsant Medication: Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Who Transitioned to the Community From an Institution
Authors: Kelly Susan , Su Yani 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Influenced by Georgia's settlement agreement with the United States Department of Justice relating to the enforcement of the Americans with Disabilities Act, an increasing number of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are transitioning from institutions to community living. In this study we evaluate the pattern of medication use among individuals who recently transitioned to the community (IRTC), comparing results to the IDD population already residing in the community (comparison group). Average use and prevalence rates were trended over time, between January 1, 2010, and December 31. 2012. Findings indicate a significant increase in medication use in the IRTC and comparison group, with a greater and faster increase in the IRTC population. We suggest the transition process should be examined and revised, ensuring adequate preparation time and training for each person and relevant staff, particularly on medications and challenging behaviors. Several demographic trends were also significant and are discussed.
The exploitation of micromorphological parameters for identification in the section / Mentha Využitie mikromorfologických parametrov pri identifikácii v sekcii Mentha
Authors: Fialová S. , Halušová L. , Tekeľová D. , Grančai D. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The identification of species in the genus Mentha is especially difficult because of the ease of hybridization, favoured by gynodioecy, which is further complicated by polymorphism, cultivation, polyploidy and vegetative propagation. This all explains the genicpopulation and microevolutionary background for variability of mints. In this work we studied the usage of micromorphological and phytochemical parameters in identification and characterization of selected Mentha species. On abaxial surface of leaves of 20 Mentha populations we determined the size and the number of peltate glandular trichomes. The essential oil was analysed by GC MS. We identified and characterized populations of M. × piperita, M. spicata, M. spicata subsp. condensata, M. spicata var. crispa, M. spicata var. citrata, M. × gentilis, M. aquatic, M. arvensis amd M. longifolia. The size and the number of peltate glandular trichomes contribute to characterisation of some Mentha species (especially in M. longifolia and M. × piperita).
Factors affecting the actual yield of active substances from anthocyanin-rich berries / Faktory ovlivňující skutečný výtěžek aktivních látek z plodů bohatých na anthokyany
Authors: Polášková A. , Spilková J. , Matějíček A. , Studená H. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The content of anthocyanins in fruits (Sambucus nigra. Vaccinium myrtillus. Aronia melanocarpa) and in some fruit (berry) products was determined by differential spectrophotometry, a method recommended by AOAC International (former Association of Official Analytical Chemists). The method takes advantage of the reversible pH-dependent transformation of the colour to the colourless form of anthocyanins. The procedure and evaluation were refined to allow measurements of incompletely specified anthocyanin mixtures. Parameters of the determination (buffer composition, pH, stabilisation of samples, reference standards) were optimised. Using the modified method, anthocyanins in various matrices (fruits, syrups, wines) were measured with the aim to explain possible losses of these active substances during processing and/or storage of fruit products. Real samples of commercial products recommended conventionally as a valuable source of antioxidants were analysed and in some of them, only low levels of anthocyanins were found. In a model arrangement, anthocyanins in the skin and the pulp of Sambucus nigra fruits were extracted separately. In all samples of various cultivars, anthocyanins were present predominantly in the skin (up to 90% of the total content). Considering this, among other factors, a suitable extraction technology might improve the quality of berry products substantially.
Namibia’s National Forest Policy on Rural Development – A Case Study of Uukolonkadhi Community Forest
Authors: Nikodemus Andreas , Hájek Miroslav 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Forest resources still play a major role in sustaining livelihoods in rural communities, most especially in developing countries. Namibia’s community forests have much potential to combat rural poverty and contribute to rural development. Keeping the balance between the two chief objectives of the national forest policy; conservation and socio-economic development is of vital importance in combating both deforestation and rural poverty. Thus, this study primarily aimed to investigate the influence of Namibia’s national forest policy on forest resources contribution in rural development from 2009-2013. Forestry and environmental experts and local residents were interviewed. The results show that the lack of full governmental involvement in the management of community forests resources, low, erratic and irregular rainfall are the main challenges community forestry economy is facing. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis indicates that good institutional arrangement of community forestry and active community participatory are some of the pillar strengths of the community forestry programme. The study concludes that there are several research gaps such as statistical information of forest conditions and the degree of poverty within rural communities. Motivating and supporting rural community forests management in any possible manners to give a ground to alleviate rural poverty and combat deforestation is the essential next step.
Uniform Sampling of the Infinite Noncooperative Game on Unit Hypercube and Reshaping Ultimately Multidimensional Matrices of Player’s Payoff Values
Authors: Romanuke Vadim 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper suggests a method of obtaining an approximate solution of the infinite noncooperative game on the unit hypercube. The method is based on sampling uniformly the players’ payoff functions with the constant step along each of the hypercube dimensions. The author states the conditions for a sufficiently accurate sampling and suggests the method of reshaping the multidimensional matrix of the player’s payoff values, being the former player’s payoff function before its sampling, into a matrix with minimally possible number of dimensions, where also maintenance of one-to-one indexing has been provided. Requirements for finite NE-strategy from NE (Nash equilibrium) solution of the finite game as the initial infinite game approximation are given as definitions of the approximate solution consistency. The approximate solution consistency ensures its relative independence upon the sampling step within its minimal neighborhood or the minimally decreased sampling step. The ultimate reshaping of multidimensional matrices of players’ payoff values to the minimal number of dimensions, being equal to the number of players, stimulates shortened computations.