bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient and Accurate Global Sensitivity Analysis for Reservoir Simulations By Use of the Probabilistic Collocation Method
Authors: Dai Cheng , Li Heng , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Reservoir simulations involve a large number of formation and fluid parameters, many of which are subject to uncertainties owing to the combination of spatial heterogeneity and insufficient measurements. Accurately quantifying the impact of varying parameters on simulation models can reveal the importance of the parameters, which helps in designing field-characterization strategies and determining parameterization for history matching. Compared with the commonly used local sensitivity analysis (SA), global SA considers the whole variation range of the parameters and can thus provide more-complete information. However, the traditional global sensitivity analysis that is derived from Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is computationally too demanding for reservoir simulations. In this study, we propose an alternative approach that is both accurate and efficient.
In the proposed approach, the model outputs such as pressure and reservoir production quantities are expressed by polynomial chaos expansions (PCEs). The probabilistic collocation method is used to determine the coefficients of the polynomial expansions by solving outputs at different sets of collocation points by means of the original partial-differential equations. Then, a proxy is constructed with such coefficients. Accurate statistical sensitivity indices of the uncertainty parameters can be obtained by running the proxy. We validate the approach with 2D examples by comparing with the MCS-based global SA. It is found that with only a small fraction of the computational cost required by the MCS approach, the new approach gives accurate global sensitivity for each parameter. The proposed approach is also demonstrated on a large-scale 3D black-oil model, for which the MCS-based global SA is found to be computationally infeasible. It is found that the developed approach possesses the following key advantages: It requires a much smaller number of reservoir simulations for accurate global SA; it is nonintrusive and can be implemented with existing codes or simulators; and it can accommodate arbitrary distributions of parameters encountered in realistic geological situations.
Consumption of a Diet Low in Advanced Glycation End Products for 4 Weeks Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Overweight Women
Authors: Mark Alicja Budek , Poulsen Malene Wibe , Andersen Stine , Andersen Jeanette Marker , Bak Monika Judyta , Ritz Christian , Holst Jens Juul , Nielsen John , de Courten Barbora , Dragsted Lars Ove , Bügel Susanne Gjedsted 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
High-heat cooking of food induces the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are thought to impair glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients. High intake of fructose might additionally affect endogenous formation of AGEs. This parallel intervention study investigated whether the addition of fructose or cooking methods influencing the AGE content of food affect insulin sensitivity in overweight individuals.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seventy-four overweight women were randomized to follow either a high- or low-AGE diet for 4 weeks, together with consumption of either fructose or glucose drinks. Glucose and insulin concentrations—after fasting and 2 h after an oral glucose tolerance test—were measured before and after the intervention. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index were calculated. Dietary and urinary AGE concentrations were measured (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) to estimate AGE intake and excretion.

RESULTS
When adjusted for changes in anthropometric measures during the intervention, the low-AGE diet decreased urinary AGEs, fasting insulin concentrations, and HOMA-IR, compared with the high-AGE diet. Addition of fructose did not affect any outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
Diets with high AGE content may increase the development of insulin resistance. AGEs can be reduced by modulation of cooking methods but is unaffected by moderate fructose intake.
Analytical protocol for investigation of zinc speciation in plant tissue
Authors: Karasiński Jakub , Cegiełkowska Wanda , Wojciechowski Marcin , Wierzbicka Małgorzata , Bulska Ewa 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA specific procedure is proposed for investigating the chemical speciation of zinc (Zn) in plant tissues, viz., the extraction of Zn compounds from Plantago lanceolata L. followed by the chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) identification of these compounds. In order to separate the Zn compounds, both size-exclusion (SEC) and ionexchange liquid chromatography (IC) were used in direct sequential and reverse sequential modes. In the direct sequential mode, the entire extract undergoes SEC separation and then the individual fractions are injected onto the ion-exchange column. The molecular size distribution is evaluated by SEC coupled on-line to the UV detector. In the reverse sequential mode, the entire extract undergoes the ion-exchange chromatographic separation and then the individual fractions are injected onto the size-exclusion column. The identification of Zn incorporated into the compounds is further performed using ICP-MS. This procedure is particularly useful in speciation studies when identification of the individual components of the element is problematic due to the lack of suitable standard substances, as is the case for Zn compounds. The proposed procedure facilitates assignment of the signals to the individual components of the fractions for both types of chromatography, thus rendering the chemical speciation of Zn possible when the lack of suitable standard substances impedes the identification of individual components.
Microwave-assisted synthesis and antibacterial activity of derivatives of 3-[1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-(4-fluorobenzylthio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amine
Authors: Peng Yong-Le , Liu Xing-Li , Wang Xiao-Hong , Zhao Zhi-Gang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHerein, an excellent method for the synthesis of twelve novel Schiff base derivatives containing indole and triazole assisted by microwave irradiation is reported. Compared with the conventional method, the yields increased from 59–84 % to 85–96 % and the reaction time was reduced from 24–30 h to 4–8 min. Moreover, all series of the newly synthesized Schiff bases were evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and IC50 indicated that many target compounds possessed excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis.
CD4+ T-cell recovery after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: A prospective cohort analysis
Authors: Kanters Steve , Nachega Jean , Funk Anna , Mukasa Barbara , Montaner Julio SG , Ford Nathan , Bucher Heiner C , Mills Edward J 
Published: August 2013

Background CD4+ T-cell count recovery after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is associated with improved health outcomes. It is unknown how the CD4+ T-cell counts of African HIV patients recover following ART initiation. Methods We examined CD4+ T-cell count recovery in a large cohort of HIV-positive patients initiating ART in Uganda between 2004 and 2011. We categorized patients according to their CD4+ T-cell count at ART initiation. All patients received CD4+ T-cell count evaluations on a biannual basis. We used quantile regression to model the recovery of CD4+ T-cells during ART. Results A total of 5,271 patients aged ≥14 years at baseline were included. The median number of CD4+ T-cell count measurements was 6 (IQR 4–8), and vital status at censoring was known in 97.2% of individuals. Most CD4+ T-cell count recovery occurred within the first 12 months, with marginal increases beyond 18 months and stabilization after 5 years. The strongest predictor of CD4+ T-cell count recovery was baseline CD4+ T-cell count. After 5 years on treatment, the median CD4+ T-cell count was 334 cells/mm3 for patients initiating ART with <100 cells/mm3. Only those initiating ART with >200 cells/mm3 reached a 5-year median >500 cells/mm3. Adolescents had the most robust CD4+ T-cell count recovery with a median increase after 12 months that was 109 cells/mm3 greater than those initiating ART at age ≥50 years. Conclusions In individuals from a resource-limited setting, baseline CD4+ T-cell count was highly predictive of the maximum CD4+ T-cell count level achieved while on ART.
Use of Glomerular Filtration Rate Estimating Equations for Drug Dosing in HIV-Positive Patients
Authors: Okparavero Aghogho A , Tighiouart Hocine , Krishnasami Zipporah , Wyatt Christina M , Graham Hiba , Hellinger James , Inker Lesley A 
Published: August 2013

Background Current HIV treatment guidelines recommend using the Cockcroft–Gault equation for drug dosing adjustments. The use of newer glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations for drug dosing and the appropriateness of physician antiretroviral dosing based on estimated kidney function have not been studied in an HIV-positive population. Methods We evaluated concordance between measured and estimated GFR for the assignment of kidney function categories designated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for industry for pharmacokinetic studies, and appropriateness of physician antiretroviral drug dosing for level of kidney function in 200 HIV-positive patients on stable antiretroviral therapy. Estimated kidney function was determined using the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI), Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study and Cockcroft–Gault equations. Results For assignment of FDA-designated kidney function categories, concordance rates between measured and estimated GFR using the CKD-EPI, MDRD Study and Cockcroft–Gault equations were 79%, 71% and 77%, respectively. This pattern was consistent across most subgroups. When actual prescribed dosages were compared with recommended dosages based on the level of estimated kidney function, 3–19% of study participants were prescribed higher than recommended dosages. The largest discordance between prescribed and recommended dosages was observed for the Cockcroft–Gault equation. Conclusions The CKD-EPI equation has the highest concordance with measured GFR for the assignment of FDA-designated kidney function categories. Its use may lead to lower dosing-related errors in HIV-infected US adults on stable antiretroviral therapy. More education is required with respect to dose adjustment for level of kidney function.
L'épidémiologie psychiatrique en question : peut-on déterminer le nombre de malades mentaux dans une population ?
Authors: Falissard Bruno 
Published: August 2013

Les prévalences de troubles mentaux comme la dépression ou l’anxiété généralisée posent souvent problème : que signifient ces nombres et quelle est leur valeur scientifique ? Pour répondre à ces questions il faut se souvenir que le malade est, par définition, celui qui sonne à la porte du médecin. La maladie, quant à elle, est une construction qui aide le médecin à penser et à prendre en charge le malade. S’il existe des classifications modernes et opératoires des troubles mentaux (le DSM ou la CIM par exemple), ces classifications ont le plus grand mal à identifier le malade par-delà la maladie, c’est-à-dire à identifier, à caractériser la nature et la réalité de la plainte. Ce problème n’est peut être pas rédhibitoire en ce qui concerne l’épidémiologie analytique (rechercher des facteurs statistiquement associés à la présence d’un trouble psychiatrique) ; il l’est sûrement davantage pour l’épidémiologie descriptive (calculer des prévalences, c’est-à-dire le pourcentage de sujets en souffrance et présentant un trouble donné). La plus grande prudence doit donc s’imposer aux acteurs de santé publique quand ils déterminent leurs décisions sur la seule base des résultats des études d’épidémiologie psychiatrique.
Le DSM et comment s'en libérer
Authors: Chapireau François 
Published: August 2013

À la fin des années 1970, alors que la profession psychiatrique américaine était menacée de perdre sa légitimité vis à vis du monde dans lequel elle évoluait, le DSM-III a permis de renverser la situation. La classification fournit à tous un langage commun. Ainsi, le DSM organise les relations de la profession psychiatrique américaine avec l’ensemble de ses partenaires et rivaux. C’est en quoi cette classification diffère des autres. Ce résultat a été obtenu grâce à la priorité absolue accordée à la fiabilité, aux dépens de la validité. Notre critique du DSM ne porte pas sur son contenu, mais sur le renoncement à la validité. Nous pouvons nous libérer du DSM d’une part en travaillant à des classifications valides, et d’autre part en réhabilitant la conduite des récits psychiatriques des histoires de vie dans la longue durée, interdits par la description syndromique des troubles dans les DSM.
Enhanced TCR Footprint by a Novel Glycolipid Increases NKT-Dependent Tumor Protection
Authors: Aspeslagh Sandrine , Nemčovič Marek , Pauwels Nora , Venken Koen , Wang Jing , Van Calenbergh Serge , Zajonc Dirk M. , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
NKT cells, a unique type of regulatory T cells, respond to structurally diverse glycolipids presented by CD1d. Although it was previously thought that recognition of glycolipids such as α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) by the NKT cell TCR (NKTCR) obeys a key–lock principle, it is now clear this interaction is much more flexible. In this article, we report the structure–function analysis of a series of novel 6′′-OH analogs of α-GalCer with more potent antitumor characteristics. Surprisingly, one of the novel carbamate analogs, α-GalCer-6′′-(pyridin-4-yl)carbamate, formed novel interactions with the NKTCR. This interaction was associated with an extremely high level of Th1 polarization and superior antitumor responses. These data highlight the in vivo relevance of adding aromatic moieties to the 6′′-OH position of the sugar and additionally show that judiciously chosen linkers are a promising strategy to generate strong Th1-polarizing glycolipids through increased binding either to CD1d or to NKTCR.
B Cells, Dendritic Cells, and Macrophages Are Required To Induce an Autoreactive CD4 Helper T Cell Response in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita
Authors: Iwata Hiroaki , Bieber Katja , Tiburzy Benjamin , Chrobok Navina , Kalies Kathrin , Shimizu Atsushi , Leineweber Sarah , Ishiko Akira , Vorobyev Artem , Zillikens Detlef , Köhl Jörg , Westermann Jürgen , Seeger Karsten , Manz Rudolf , Ludwig Ralf J. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBD), autoantibodies induce blisters on skin or mucous membranes, or both. Mechanisms of continued autoantibody production and blistering have been well characterized using AIBD animal models. Mechanisms leading to the initial autoantibody production, however, have not been investigated in detail. Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an AIBD associated with autoantibodies to type VII collagen (COL7). The majority of EBA patients’ sera recognize the noncollagenous domain 1, including the von Willebrand factor A–like domain 2 (vWFA2). In experimental EBA induced by immunization with GST-COL7, disease manifestation depended on the genetic background, a Th1 polarization, and the GST-tag. In this model, nude mice neither produced autoantibodies nor blisters. It has remained uncertain which APC and T cell subsets are required for EBA induction. We established a novel EBA model by immunization with vWFA2 fused to intein (lacking the GST-tag). All tested mouse strains developed autoantibodies, but blisters were exclusively observed in mice carrying H2s. In immunized mice, CD4 T cells specific for vWFA2 were detected, and their induction required presence of B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Anti-vWFA2 autoantibodies located at the lamina densa bound to the dermal side of salt-split skin and induced blisters when transferred into healthy mice. Absence of CD8 T cells at time of immunization had no effect, whereas depletion of CD4 T cells during the same time period delayed autoantibody production and blisters. Collectively, we demonstrate the pathogenic relevance of Abs targeting the vWFA2 domain of COL7 and show the requirement of APC-induced CD4 T cells to induce experimental EBA.
The Interdependent, Overlapping, and Differential Roles of Type I and II IFNs in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Naves Rodrigo , Singh Simer P. , Cashman Kevin S. , Rowse Amber L. , Axtell Robert C. , Steinman Lawrence , Mountz John D. , Steele Chad , De Sarno Patrizia , Raman Chander 
Published: August 2013

AbstractType I IFNs (IFN-α and IFN-β) and type II IFN (IFN-γ) mediate both regulation and inflammation in multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the underlying mechanism for these Janus-like activities of type I and II IFNs in neuroinflammation remains unclear. Although endogenous type I IFN signaling provides a protective response in neuroinflammation, we find that when IFN-γ signaling is ablated, type I IFNs drive inflammation, resulting in exacerbated EAE. IFN-γ has a disease stage–specific opposing function in EAE. Treatment of mice with IFN-γ during the initiation phase of EAE leads to enhanced severity of disease. In contrast, IFN-γ treatment during the effector phase attenuated disease. This immunosuppressive activity of IFN-γ required functional type I IFN signaling. In IFN-α/β receptor–deficient mice, IFN-γ treatment during effector phase of EAE exacerbated disease. Using an adoptive transfer EAE model, we found that T cell–intrinsic type I and II IFN signals are simultaneously required to establish chronic EAE by encephalitogenic Th1 cells. However, in Th17 cells loss of either IFN signals leads to the development of a severe chronic disease. The data imply that type I and II IFN signals have independent but nonredundant roles in restraining encephalitogenic Th17 cells in vivo. Collectively, our data show that type I and II IFNs function in an integrated manner to regulate pathogenesis in EAE.
The Cellular Source and Target of IL-21 in K/BxN Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Block Katharine E. , Huang Haochu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
IL-21 is a pluripotent cytokine that regulates B cell and plasma cell differentiation and is thought be an autocrine factor for follicular helper T cell (TFH) and Th17 differentiation. Although IL-21 has been implicated in autoimmune diseases, its relevant cellular source and target cells have not been well characterized. We investigated this issue in the K/BxN mouse model of autoimmune arthritis. Adoptive transfer of KRN-transgenic CD4+ T cells into appropriate hosts drives germinal center (GC) formation and autoantibody production against glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, leading to joint inflammation and destruction. By comparing transfer of T or B cells deficient in IL-21 or IL-21R, we were able to dissect the contribution of each cell type. T cells deficient in IL-21 did not induce GC formation or autoantibody production, but they went through normal TFH differentiation. However, T cells lacking IL-21R induced Ab titers, GC B cell frequency, and arthritis development similar to wild-type T cells, suggesting that IL-21 is not required for TFH differentiation and function. IL-21 acts on B cells, because IL-21R expression on B cells was required to induce disease. In contrast, Th17 cells, a T cell subset that also produces IL-21 and can provide help to B cells, are not required for the GC response and arthritis. These data have implications in developing effective therapies for rheumatoid arthritis and other Ab-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Réflexions sur les figures de l’intellectuel et du savant en milieu francophone minoritaire
Authors: Ali-Khodja Mourad 
Published: August 2013

Examinant les figures de l’intellectuel et du savant en milieufrancophone minoritaire, l’auteur en brosse un tableau àla fois critique et constructif. Prenant exemple de la situation quiprévaut dans l’Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick, etaprès avoir constaté le peu d’intérêtque cette question suscite généralement, il cherche,d’une part, à rendre compte des formes dedépendance scientifique et intellectuelle qui prévalentencore dans les milieux francophones minoritaires et, d’autrepart, à saisir à travers deux figures opposées del’intellectuel et du savant – celle d’hier etcelle d’aujourd’hui – les limites et lespossibilités de celle-ci et de celle-là et leurportée actuelle.
Controlling Photons in a Box and Exploring the Quantum to Classical Boundary (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Haroche Serge 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMicrowave photons trapped in a superconducting cavity constitute an ideal system to realize some of the thought experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum physics. The interaction of these trapped photons with Rydberg atoms crossing the cavity illustrates fundamental aspects of measurement theory. The experiments performed with this “photon box” at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) belong to the domain of quantum optics called “Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics”. We have realized the non‐destructive counting of photons, the recording of field quantum jumps, the preparation and reconstruction of “Schrödinger cat” states of radiation and the study of their decoherence, which provides a striking illustration of the transition from the quantum to the classical world. These experiments have also led to the demonstration of basic steps in quantum information processing, including the deterministic entanglement of atoms and the realization of quantum gates using atoms and photons as quantum bits. This lecture starts by an introduction stressing the connection between the ENS photon box and the ion trap experiments of David Wineland, whose accompanying lecture recalls his own contribution to the field of single particle control. I give then a personal account of the early days of Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics before describing the main experiments performed at ENS during the last twenty years and concluding by a discussion comparing our work to other researches dealing with the control of single quantum particles.
Humidity switching properties of sensors based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyvinyl alcohol composite films
Authors: Fei Teng , Jiang Kai , Jiang Fan , Mu Ren , Zhang Tong 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as the conductive filler of composites for switching type humidity sensor. The CNTs were oxidized by mixed acids (H2SO4 : HNO3) at a mild temperature to modify carboxylic acid (COOH) groups on the surface of the nanotubes. The dispersibility of acid treated CNTs (CNTs‐COOH) in water is much improved, which is beneficial for dispersing CNTs in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix without external additives. The obtained CNTs‐COOH/PVA sensors show nonlinear response to relative humidity (RH), that is, switching properties. The resistances of the sensors remain constant before 80% relative humidity (RH) and then increase sharply with RH, indicating excellent switching characteristic of the sensors. The 10 wt % CNTs‐COOH/PVA sensor shows a sensitivity (ΔR/Ro) of 32.3 at 100% RH. The humidity switching properties of CNTs‐COOH/PVA are much better than that of pristine CNTs/PVA. The improvements are attributed to the improved balance between the dispersibility of CNTs‐COOH and electrical conductivity of the composite films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39726.