bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic analysis of multi‐branch EGC and SC over equally correlated Rician channels
Authors: Liu Shuo , Song Xuegui , Cheng Julian , Beaulieu Norman C. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTClosed‐form asymptotic expressions for bit error rate and outage probability are derived for multi‐branch equal gain combining and selection combining receiver diversity over equally correlated Rician channels. Numerical results indicate that these analytical solutions can provide accurate estimation of bit error rate and outage probability in large signal‐to‐noise ratio regimes. The analytical results reveal some important insights into the performance characteristics of equal gain combining and selection combining diversity operating over equally correlated Rician fading channels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses and Characterization of o‐Carboranes Containing Fused exo‐Polyhedral Di‐ and Triboraheterocycles
Authors: Nie Yong , Miao Jinling , Wadepohl Hubert , Pritzkow Hans , Oeser Thomas , Siebert Walter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReaction of dilithio‐o‐carborane Li2C2B10H10 (generated in situ from o‐carborane 1 and butyllithium) with the 1, 2‐diborylbenzene derivative 1, 2‐C6H4(iPr2NBCl)2 yielded the o‐carborane compound 3 having the fused exo‐polyhedral C2B2C2 heterocycle. The analogous reactions with 1, 1‐bis(dimethylaminochloroboryl)ethane and with 1, 3‐dichloro‐1, 2,3‐tris(dimethylamino)triborane(5) afforded the o‐carborane compounds 5 and 7 containing the fused exo‐polyhedral five‐membered C2B2C and C2B3 rings, respectively. Attempts to use 1, 2‐dichloro‐1, 2‐bis(dimethylamino)diborane(4) for the synthesis of the o‐carborane compound 10 with a fused exo‐polyhedral C2B2 ring instead led to the diborane(4)yl‐o‐carborane species 9c and 9d (the latter in trace amount), which contain a diborane(4)yl moiety bonded to the o‐carborane. The molecular compositions of the new o‐carborane derivatives follow from NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric data as well as from X‐ray diffraction analyses of 3, 7 and 9c. The structures exhibit weak intramolecular C–H···H–B hydrogen‐hydrogen interactions.
Disproportionation of O‐Benzylhydroxylamine Catalyzed by a Ferric Bis‐Picket Fence Porphyrin Complex
Authors: McQuarters Ashley B. , Goodrich Lauren E. , Goodrich Claire M. , Lehnert Nicolai 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHydroxylamine (NH2OH) is an important molecule in biology that serves as an intermediate in the nitrogen cycle, and that can also be utilized as a nitric oxide donor in mammals under certain conditions. In light of this, the interaction of NH2OH with hemes in proteins and model systems has gained much attention recently. In this study, we use the more stable, oxygen substituted O‐benzylhydroxylamine (NH2OBn) as a model for NH2OH. Here, the reactivity of the ferric bis‐picket fence porphyrin complexes [Fe(3, 5‐Me‐BAFP)(ClO4)] (1) and [Fe(3, 5‐Me‐BAFP)(PF6)] (2) (3,5‐Me‐BAFP2– = dianion of tetra(2, 6‐bis(3,5‐dimethylphenoxy)phenyl)porphyrin)) with NH2OBn is investigated. The product of these reactions is characterized by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. We found that addition of excess NH2OBn to our ferric porphyrin complexes results in reduction of the heme to the ferrous oxidation state. This is followed by disproportionation of additional NH2OBn to yield the ferrous complex [Fe(3,5‐Me‐BAFP)(NH3)2] (3) as the final product. The crystal structure of (3) constitutes the first structural characterization of a bis‐ammonia complex of a ferrous heme. The stability of this complex may be facilitated by the picket fences of the porphyrin ligand used here.
First‐Principles Investigations of the Structural, Vibrational and Thermochemical Properties of Barium Cerate – Another Test Case for Density‐Functional Theory
Authors: Stoffel Ralf Peter , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe structural, vibrational and thermodynamic properties of barium cerate, BaCeO3, were investigated by means of density‐functional theory, phonon calculations based on the ab initio force‐constant method and the quasi‐harmonic approximation. Examinations of structural issues confirmed the temperature‐dependent crystal structures described in the latest literature despite arriving at somewhat lower transition temperatures. Thermochemical data such as the constant‐pressure heat capacity Cp, the entropy S and the standard enthalpy of formation ΔHf were also confirmed with only little deviation from the experiment.
RbCN3H4 and CsCN3H4: A Neutron Powder and Single‐­Crystal X‐ray Diffraction Study
Authors: Hoepfner Veronika , Jacobs Philipp , Sawinski Peter Klaus , Houben Andreas , Reim Johannes , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRubidium guanidinate, RbCN3H4, is the first example of a new class of compounds containing the unsubstituted guanidinate anion CN3H4–. While the first crystal‐structure determination was based on powder X‐ray diffraction, neutron powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction have now been utilized to improve the previous structural model, in particular with respect to experimentally localizing the hydrogen positions, which were so far derived from density‐functional calculations. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the guanidinate anion at room temperature has been refined. All anisotropic displacement parameters, including those of the hydrogen atoms, have been derived from the neutron powder diffraction data, but no rigid‐body movement of the guanidinate anion is present. Additionally, we report the synthesis and structural data of CsCN3H4 crystallizing in the RbCN3H4 type.
Synthesis, Characterization, and X‐ray Crystal Structures of (Diphosphine)Ni(dmit) and (Diphosphine)Ni(dmio) (Diphosphine = dppv, dppb) Complexes
Authors: Li Yu‐Long , Zou Li‐Ke , Xie Bin , Lin Xiao , Zhu Sha‐Sha 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFour complexes with the ligands dmit and dmio were synthesized. Reaction of (PhCO)2(dmit) and (PhCO)2(dmio) with MeONa afforded the intermediates 2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate dianion and 2‐oxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate dianion, respectively. Reaction of the two dianions with (diphosphine)NiCl2 [diphosphine = (Z)‐1, 2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppv), 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene (dppb)] gave (dppv)Ni(dmit) (1), (dppb)Ni(dmit) (2), (dppv)Ni(dmio) (3), and (dppb)Ni(dmio) (4). This synthesis route was found to be an efficient pathway to prepare dmit and dmio ligand complexes. Complexes, 1–4 were fully characterized by elemental analysis and IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the molecular structures of 1, 3 and 4 were established by X‐ray diffraction.
Enlargement of Nanoemulsion Region in Pseudo‐ternary Mixing Diagrams for a Drug Delivery System
Authors: Wang Ziheng , Pal Rajinder 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to develop the pseudo‐ternary mixing diagrams for a potential drug delivery system consisting of vitamin E (potential drug) + soybean oil + surfactant + co‐surfactant (anhydrous glycerol) + water. The potential drug (vitamin E) was loaded in the oil phase. The effects of different surfactants (pure and mixed) on the mixing diagrams, especially on the nanoemulsion region, were investigated. The influence of the drug loading level on the mixing diagrams was also determined. The surfactants studied were polyethoxylated (20) sorbitan monolaurate, polyethoxylated (20) sorbitan monooleate, polyethoxylated (35) castor oil and their mixtures. The size (area) of the nanoemulsion region of the mixing diagrams was found to be dependent on the type of surfactant used and the loading level of the drug (vitamin E).
Sexual minority status and psychotic symptoms: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS)
Authors: Gevonden M. J. , Selten J. P. , Myin-Germeys I. , de Graaf R. , ten Have M. , van Dorsselaer S. , van Os J. , Veling W. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundEthnic minority position is associated with increased risk for psychotic outcomes, which may be mediated by experiences of social exclusion, defeat and discrimination. Sexual minorities are subject to similar stressors. The aim of this study is to examine whether sexual minorities are at increased risk for psychotic symptoms and to explore mediating pathways.MethodA cross-sectional survey was performed assessing cumulative incidence of psychotic symptoms with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in two separate random general population samples (NEMESIS-1 and NEMESIS-2). Participants were sexually active and aged 18–64 years (n = 5927, n = 5308). Being lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) was defined as having sexual relations with at least one same-sex partner during the past year. Lifetime experience of any psychotic symptom was analysed using logistic regression, adjusted for gender, educational level, urbanicity, foreign-born parents, living without a partner, cannabis use and other drug use.ResultsThe rate of any psychotic symptom was elevated in the LGB population as compared with the heterosexual population both in NEMESIS-1 [odds ratio (OR) 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.71–3.84] and NEMESIS-2 (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.42–3.71). Childhood trauma, bullying and experience of discrimination partly mediated the association.ConclusionsThe finding that LGB orientation is associated with psychotic symptoms adds to the growing body of literature linking minority status with psychosis and other mental health problems, and suggests that exposure to minority stress represents an important mechanism.
Influence of rice black streaked dwarf virus on the ecological fitness of non‐vector planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Xu Hong‐Xing , He Xiao‐Chan , Zheng Xu‐Song , Yang Ya‐Jun , Lu Zhong‐Xian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRice black streak dwarf virus (RBSDV) is transmitted by the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallen). Non‐vector rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), shares the same host rice plants with SBPH in paddy fields. The changes in nutritional composition of rice plants infected by RBSDV and the ecological fitness of BPH feeding on the infected plants were studied under both artificial climate chamber and field conditions. Contents of 16 detected amino acids and soluble sugar in RBSDV infected rice plants were higher than those in the healthy ones. On the diseased plants BPH had significantly higher nymphal survival rates, nymphal duration of the males, weight of the female adults, as well as egg hatchability compared to BPH being fed on healthy plants. However, there was no obvious difference in female nymph duration, longevity and fecundity. Defense enzymes (superoxidase dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) and detoxifying enzymes (carboxylesterase, CAE and glutathione S‐transferase, GST) in BPH adults fed on diseased plants had markedly higher activities. The results indicate rice plants infected by RBSDV improved the ecological fitness of the brown planthopper, a serious pest but not a transmitter of the RBSDV virus.
Food Futures: Co‐designing Sustainable Eating Practices for 2050
Authors: Davies Anna R. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryFood Futures: Co‐designing Sustainable Eating Practices for 2050The unsustainability of food and agriculture has long generated debate, policy initiatives and technological innovation, with proposed solutions predominantly focused on producing more food using fewer resources. Such supply‐side actions are important, but creating more sustainable eating practices also requires attention to demand‐side dimensions of the food equation. Even given the challenges faced by establishing precise levels of overconsumption (i.e. through levels of obesity) and food loss and wastage, it is clear that a ‘predict and provide’ approach to eating will not address current patterns of unsustainable consumption. This article documents an experiment in practice‐oriented participatory backcasting which explores the possibilities of engaging stakeholders and citizens in the design of more sustainable eating practices. This involved a phased process of multi‐stakeholder (including citizen‐consumer) collaboration to generate alternative scenarios for eating more sustainably and assess their desirability. This was followed by identification of promising practices and, finally, the development of a Transition Framework detailing pathways for more sustainable eating to 2050.The results suggest that mutually supportive technological, organisational and societal innovations are needed, to predict accurately which foods are required globally, prevent overconsumption, food loss and wastage, and ultimately to provide sustainable eating solutions.
Development and preliminary application of a triplex real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay for evaluating predation on three planthoppers in a rice ecosystem
Authors: Wang Guang‐Hua , Wang Xue‐Qin , Qiao Fei , Zhu Zeng‐Rong , Cheng Jia‐An 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA multiplex real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to simultaneously detect the DNA of three rice planthoppers, that is, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (white‐backed planthopper), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (brown planthopper) and Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (small brown planthopper), in the gut of their predators. The sets of primers and ALLGlo probes were targeted to the regions of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genes in nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The sensitivity, specificity and interference test for the multiplex real‐time quantitative PCR assay were analysed. The assay's detection limits were 100, 1000 and 100 copies for the white‐backed planthopper, the brown planthopper and the small brown planthopper, respectively. The specificity tests showed no cross‐reactivity with genomic DNA from 30 other dominant herbivores, saprophagous insects and predators from rice ecosystem for each planthopper species. The assay was used in a preliminary study of predation events on the three planthoppers by three major spiders viz., Pardosa pseudoannulata (Bösenberg et Strand), Ummeliata insecticeps (Bösenberg et Strand) and Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell which each differ in their preferred microhabitat as well as their predatory habits in rice field, and the results showed their predation on each planthopper species could be well evaluated using this method. Therefore, the multiplex real‐time quantitative PCR assay provides a new tool to study the mechanisms of prey shifting and natural regulation of the three rice planthoppers by generalist predators in rice ecosystem.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the pregnant patient: a manikin‐based evaluation of methods for producing lateral tilt
Authors: Ip J. K. , Campbell J. P. , Bushby D. , Yentis S. M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe importance of minimising aortocaval compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in late pregnancy is widely accepted. Current European guidelines suggest employing manual displacement of the uterus with left lateral tilt to achieve this. Several methods for producing lateral tilt have been described; however, the optimum method is unknown. By performing simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a manikin, we compared four of these methods: a folded labour ward pillow; a pre‐formed foam wedge; a custom‐made hard wooden wedge; and the ‘human wedge’. Primary outcome measures were maintenance of adequate tilt, stability and effectiveness of chest compressions (rate, depth and adequate release). Overall, the foam and wooden wedges were significantly more stable and reliable at maintaining tilt than the pillow (p < 0.0001); the wooden wedge was more stable and effective than the foam wedge (p < 0.0001). Chest compressions were least effective with the human wedge (p = 0.02). Effectiveness of chest compressions with lateral tilt was comparable to that reported previously in supine manikin studies. We recommend the use of dedicated foam or hard wedges rather than pillows or the human wedge for producing lateral tilt during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Changes in cardiac index and blood pressure on positioning children prone for scoliosis surgery
Authors: Brown Z. E. , Görges M. , Cooke E. , Malherbe S. , Dumont G. A. , Ansermino J. M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIn this prospective observational study we investigated the changes in cardiac index and mean arterial pressure in children when positioned prone for scoliosis correction surgery. Thirty children (ASA 1–2, aged 13–18 years) undergoing primary, idiopathic scoliosis repair were recruited. The cardiac index and mean arterial blood pressure (median (IQR [range])) were 2.7 (2.3–3.1 [1.4–3.7]) l.min−1.m−2 and 73 (66–80 [54–91]) mmHg, respectively, at baseline; 2.9 (2.5–3.2 [1.7–4.4]) l.min−1.m−2 and 73 (63–81 [51–96]) mmHg following a 5‐ml.kg−1 fluid bolus; and 2.5 (2.2–2.7 [1.4–4.8]) l.min−1.m−2 and 69 (62–73 [46–85]) mmHg immediately after turning prone. Turning prone resulted in a median reduction in cardiac index of 0.5 l.min−1.m−2 (95% CI 0.3–0.7 l.min−1.m−2, p = 0.001), or 18.5%, with a large degree of inter‐subject variability (+ 10.3% to − 40.9%). The changes in mean arterial blood pressure were not significant. Strategies to predict, prevent and treat decreases in cardiac index need to be developed.
Adherence to assigned dosing regimen and sustained virological response among chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients treated with boceprevir plus peginterferon alfa‐2b/ribavirin
Authors: Gordon S. C. , Yoshida E. M. , Lawitz E. J. , Bacon B. R. , Sulkowski M. S. , Davis M. , Poordad F. , Bronowicki J.‐P. , Esteban R. , Sniukiene V. , Burroughs M. H. , Deng W. , Dutko F. J. , Brass C. A. , Albrecht J. K. , Rajender Reddy K. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackgroundAdherence to therapeutic regimens affects the efficacy of peginterferon alfa (P) and ribavirin (R) therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1.AimTo determine if medication adherence impacts efficacy [sustained virological response (SVR)] with triple therapy that includes boceprevir (BOC) plus P/R.MethodsAdherence was determined in two Phase 3 clinical studies with BOC: SPRINT‐2 (previously untreated patients) and RESPOND‐2 (patients who failed previous therapy with P/R). Adherence to the assigned duration of the dosing regimen and adherence to the three times a day (t.d.s.) dosing interval of 7–9 h for BOC were assessed by the recording of data from patients’ dosing diaries and by the amount of study drug dispensed and returned.ResultsMost patients (63–71%) adhered to ≥80% of their assigned treatment duration and achieved SVR rates of 86–90%. In contrast, patients who adhered to <80% of their assigned treatment duration achieved SVR rates of 8–32% (P < 0.0001), particularly low in patients who failed previous therapy (SVR = 8–15%). Different rates of adherence (<60% to >80%) to the t.d.s. dosing interval (7–9 h) with BOC did not influence the SVR rates (SVR = 60–83%) with the exception of patients who failed previous treatment and adhered to <60% of the t.d.s. dosing interval with BOC (SVR = 48–50%; P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe achievement of an SVR is more dependent on adherence to the assigned duration of treatment than adherence to the t.d.s. dosing interval with boceprevir. Adherence to >60% of t.d.s. dosing with boceprevir is important in patients who failed previous therapy.
Durability of SVR in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peginterferon‐α2a/ribavirin in combination with a direct‐acting anti‐viral
Authors: Rutter K. , Hofer H. , Beinhardt S. , Dulic M. , Gschwantler M. , Maieron A. , Laferl H. , Stättermayer A. F. , Scherzer T.‐M. , Strassl R. , Holzmann H. , Steindl‐Munda P. , Ferenci P. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe introduction of direct‐acting anti‐virals has increased sustained virological response (SVR) rates in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection. At present, data on long‐term durability of viral eradication after successful triple therapy are lacking.AimTo evaluate the long‐term durability of viral eradication in patients treated with triple therapy, including direct‐acting anti‐virals.MethodsPatients who participated in randomised, controlled trials or an extended access programme of treatment with peginterferon‐α2a/ribavirin in combination with a direct‐acting anti‐viral (telaprevir, danoprevir, faldaprevir, simeprevir, mericitabine, balapiravir) were followed after achieving SVR. The median follow‐up after the patients was 21 (range: 7–64) months.ResultsOne hundred and three patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection [f/m: 34/69; GT‐1b: 67 GT‐1a: 34, GT‐4: 2; mean age: 47.6 years (45.5–49.7; 95% CI)] achieving a SVR triple therapy were followed. Two cases of late relapses (2/103, 1.9%; 95% CI: 0.24–6.8) were observed. One patient was cirrhotic, both carried the genotype 1b and completed the prescribed treatment. The relapses occurred 8 and 12 months after cessation of anti‐viral treatment. Cloning sequencing revealed identical sequence in both patients. Resistance analysis revealed no presence of viral resistance.ConclusionLike the SVR after peginterferon‐α2/ribavirin combination treatment, HCV eradication after triple therapy remains durable after long‐term follow‐up.
Potentially inappropriate prescribing and adverse health outcomes in community dwelling older patients
Authors: Cahir Caitriona , Bennett Kathleen , Teljeur Conor , Fahey Tom 
Published: May 2013

AimsThis study aimed to determine the association between potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) and health related outcomes [adverse drug events (ADEs), health related quality of life (HRQOL) and hospital accident and emergency (A&E) visits] in older community dwelling patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 931 community dwelling patients aged ≥70 years in 15 general practices in Ireland in 2010. PIP was defined by the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP). ADEs were measured by patient self‐report and medical record for the previous 6 months and reviewed by two independent clinicians. HRQOL was measured by the EQ‐5D. A&E visits were measured by patients’ medical records and self‐report. Multilevel logistic, linear and Poisson regression examined how ADEs, HRQOL and A&E visits varied by PIP after adjusting for patient and practice level covariates: socioeconomic status, co‐morbidity, number of drug classes and adherence.ResultsThe overall prevalence of PIP was 42% (n = 377). Patients with ≥2 PIP indicators were twice as likely to have an ADE (adjusted OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.02, 4.83, P < 0.05), have a significantly lower mean HRQOL utility (adjusted coefficient −0.09, SE 0.02, P < 0.001) and nearly a two‐fold increased risk in the expected rate of A&E visits (adjusted IRR 1.85; 95% CI 1.32, 2.58, P < 0.001). The number of drug classes and adherence were also significantly associated with these same adverse health outcomes.ConclusionsReducing PIP in primary care may help lower the burden of ADEs, its associated health care use and costs and enhance quality of life in older patients.