bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalised hyperpigmentation caused by ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome with recurrent thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Moon Hye‐Rim , Won Chong Hyun , Chang Sung Eun , Lee Mi Woo , Choi Jee Ho , Moon Kee Chan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEctopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is a rare cause of generalised hyperpigmentation. The clinical features are due to the excessive ectopic secretion of adenocorticotropin by diverse neuroendocrine or non‐endocrine tumours. Here, we describe a rare case of ectopic ACTH syndrome developing from recurring thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma, which first presented as generalised hyperpigmentation.
Similar hypotensive effects of combined aerobic and resistance exercise with 1 set versus 3 sets in women with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Tibana Ramires A. , Nascimento Dahan da C. , de Sousa Nuno M. F. , de Almeida Jeeser A. , Moraes Milton R. , Durigan João Luiz Quagliotti , Collier Scott R. , Prestes Jonato 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to compare the response of systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) following combined training with 1 set or with 3 sets of resistance exercise (RE). Sixteen women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly assigned to perform two combined exercise protocols and a control session (CON): 1‐set, 30 min of aerobic exercise (AE) at 65–70% of reserve heart rate and 1 set of 8–12 repetitions at 80% of 10‐RM in six resistance exercises; 3‐sets, same protocol but with 3 sets; and CON, 30 min of seated rest. The SBP, MBP and DBP were measured before and every 15 min during 90 min following the experimental sessions. The SBP displayed a decrease (P≤0·05) during the 90 min following the RE session with 1‐set and 3‐set, while MBP was decreased (P≤0·05) up to 75 min after 1‐set and up to 30 min after the 3‐set exercise session compared with pre‐intervention values. There was a decrease in DBP only for the greatest individual decrease following 1‐set (−6·1 mmHg) and 3‐set (−4·9 mmHg) combined exercise sessions, without differences between them. The rate‐pressure product and heart rate remained significantly higher (P≤0·05) 75 min and 90 min after the combined exercise session with 1‐ and 3‐sets compared with the CON, respectively. In conclusion, a low‐volume RE combined with AE resulted in similar decrease of SBP when compared with RE with 3‐sets in women with MetS, which could be beneficial in situations of limited time.
Patient‐reported outcome measures in pediatric epilepsy: A content analysis using World Health Organization definitions
Authors: Sadeghi Salva , Fayed Nora , Ronen Gabriel M. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryObjectivePatient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures that assess the effect of epilepsy on children's lives include the concepts of health, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), and quality of life (QOL). They also contain varied health and health‐related content. Our objectives were to identify what generic and epilepsy‐specific PRO instruments are used in childhood epilepsy research and to make explicit their conceptual approach and biopsychosocial content.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched from 2001 to 2011 for PRO measures used in pediatric epilepsy. Measures were analyzed on an item‐by‐item basis according to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions of QOL and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF‐CY) biopsychosocial health framework to distinguish the conceptual approach within each measure. The health content analysis coded each item according to specific ICF‐CY components of body function, activity and participation, environment, or personal factors to determine the health content for each measure.ResultsThree generic and 13 epilepsy‐specific PRO measures were identified; 10 of 16 measures utilized a biopsychosocial health approach rather than an HRQOL or QOL approach. Content analysis showed that in 11 of 16 measures, >25% of the items represented participation and activity components of the ICF‐CY, whereas a high proportion of environment items were found in only one epilepsy‐specific measure.SignificanceThis comprehensive review provides information aiding clinicians and researchers in the selection of the appropriate PRO instruments for children with epilepsy on the basis of content. Most epilepsy‐specific and generic PROs use a biopsychosocial health approach as opposed to a subjective HRQOL/QOL approach to measurement. Clinicians and researchers must be aware of these concepts and content when intending to measure outcomes validly.
Comparison of sub‐bandage pressures achieved by 3 abdominal bandaging techniques in horses
Authors: Canada N. C. , Beard W. L. , Guyan M. E. , White B. J. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyClinicians frequently place post operative abdominal bandages on horses undergoing laparotomies. Presently, no information exists on the amount of incisional support provided by these bandages. Determination of sub‐bandage pressure provides a means of comparing the ability of different bandages to support incisions.ObjectivesDetermination of sub‐bandage pressure over a 24 h period using 3 bandaging techniques.Study designA randomised, crossover design using 9 healthy horses.MethodsHorses were randomly assigned to a treatment regimen consisting of placement of 3 abdominal bandage types, namely an elastic bandage (ELA), theCMTMHernia Heal Belt (CM) or a nylon binder (NYL). The sub‐bandage pressures for each bandage were measured with the Picopress® compression‐measuring system at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h after application.ResultsNo time and treatment interactions were observed, and bandage pressures were maintained within each treatment group over the 24 h period. Mean sub‐bandage pressures were different between all treatment groups (P<0.001) at 39 (95% confidence interval, 36.7–40.5 mmHg), 25 (95% confidence interval, 23.9–27.7 mmHg) and 5 mmHg (95% confidence interval, 4.1–7.8 mmHg) forCM,ELAandNYLbandages, respectively. Horses were more likely to lie down with theCM(P = 0.02) andELAtreatments (P = 0.0002) when compared with theNYLtreatment. TheELAbandages were more likely to displace caudally compared with bothCMandNYLbandages.ConclusionsTheCMbandage was superior to bothELAandNYLbandages with regard to measured sub‐bandage pressure over the 24 h period. The clinical significance of the differences in sub‐bandage pressure between treatments cannot be determined by this study.
Switching to emtricitabine, tenofovir and rilpivirine as single tablet regimen in virologically suppressed HIV‐1‐infected patients: a cohort study
Authors: Gantner P , Reinhart S , Partisani M , Baldeyrou M , Batard M‐L , Bernard‐Henry C , Cheneau C , de Mautort E , Priester M , Fafi‐Kremer S , Muret P , Rey D 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesEmtricitabine/tenofovir/rilpivirine as a single‐tablet regimen (STR) is widely used without licence in treatment‐experienced patients. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to assess viral suppression of ART‐experienced patients switching to STR.MethodsWe assessed 131 pretreated patients switching to STR with HIV RNA < 400 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients at week 24 with HIV RNA < 40 copies/mL.ResultsBy week 24, eight patients had stopped STR: four because of adverse events and four for other reasons. Three virological failures were observed; among these, at least one patient developed cross‐resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), in particular with the E138K pattern. In intent‐to‐treat analysis, 92% of participants (120 of 131) achieved HIV RNA < 40 copies/mL. Only grade 1 to 2 adverse events were observed, mainly consisting of increased liver enzymes (n = 33). Systemic exposure to rilpivirine was above the usually observed steady‐state levels for the 18 measurements assessed.ConclusionsEfficacy and tolerability are similar to those in treatment‐naïve patients.
Drivers of Systemic Banking Crises: The Role of Financial Account Structure and Financial Integration
Authors: Ahrend Rudiger , Goujard Antoine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper examines whether the composition of a country's external liabilities and assets affects its risk of suffering financial turmoil. Using a panel of 184 developed and emerging economies from 1970 to 2009, and looking at the impact of financial account structure in normal times and in situations of bank balance‐sheet contagion shocks, we find that the structure of the financial account indeed has an important influence on financial stability. A bias in external liabilities towards debt appears to increase strongly the risk of a systemic banking crisis. Moreover, certain forms of international financial integration, such as integration through international bank lending, amplify contagion shocks and increase crisis risk, particularly in the case of short‐term bank debt.
Does Organizational Justice Predict Empowerment? Nurses Assess Their Work Environment
Authors: Kuokkanen Liisa , Leino‐Kilpi Helena , Katajisto Jouko , Heponiemi Tarja , Sinervo Timo , Elovainio Marko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to explore how nurses assess their empowerment and clarify organizational justice compared to other work‐related factors. In addition, we examined the major variables pertinent to empowerment.DesignCross‐sectional survey data were used.MethodsA total of 2,152 nurses returned the completed questionnaire. The instruments consisted of nurse empowerment, organizational justice, job control, and possibilities for developing work. The data analysis was based on descriptive statistics and further statistical tests.FindingsOrganizational justice and empowerment had a clear correlation. Job control, possibilities for developing work and organizational justice were statistically significant predictors of nurse empowerment.ConclusionsOrganizational justice and the possibility to use one's individual skills at work are significant factors in staff activity and its development in nursing. They increase the level of empowerment and commitment as well as motivation to work.Clinical RelevanceThe results of this study confirm that nurses regard organizational justice as highly important. We can facilitate both work‐related empowerment and organizational justice by creating and maintaining a culture of fairness and justice. Employees should be heard and involved more in the planning and decision making of work.
Sources of Selection in Strategy Making
Authors: Canales J. Ignacio 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper elaborates theory inductively by following the evolution of 14 strategic initiatives from an exploratory case study. The study examines the context and character of such initiatives over an 8‐year period. Based on these initiatives, the paper proposes a two‐stage selection mechanism for the intra‐evolutionary strategy process that explains the long‐term mutation of organizations. The mechanism operates by selecting according to both fit with the strategic intent and feasibility of the initiative. These two elements combine into an organizational principle that is perceived as permanent in character but mutates through constructive confrontation. This principle contributes to the organizational identity but, being a low‐level element of such identity, it can be modified through learning while retaining an attribute of endurance as perceived by organizational members.
Prevalence of malnutrition, obesity and nutritional risk of Australian paediatric inpatients: A national one‐day snapshot
Authors: White Melinda , Dennis Nicole , Ramsey Rebecca , Barwick Katie , Graham Christie , Kane Sarah , Kepreotes Helen , Queit Leah , Sweeney Annabel , Winderlich Jacinta , Wong See Denise , Littlewood Robyn 
Published: August 2014

AimLow prevalence rates of malnutrition at 2.5% to 4% have previously been reported in two tertiary paediatric Australian hospitals. The current study is the first to measure the prevalence of malnutrition, obesity and nutritional risk of paediatric inpatients in multiple hospitals throughout Australia.MethodsMalnutrition, obesity and nutritional risk prevalence were investigated in 832 and 570 paediatric inpatients, respectively, in eight tertiary paediatric hospitals and eight regional hospitals across Australia on a single day. Malnutrition and obesity prevalence was determined using z‐scores and body mass index (BMI) percentiles. High nutritional risk was determined as a Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score of 2 or more.ResultsThe prevalence rates of malnourished, wasted, stunted, overweight and obese paediatric patients were 15%, 13.8%, 11.9%, 8.8% and 9.9%, respectively. Patients who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander were more likely to have lower height‐for‐age z‐scores (P < 0.01); however, BMI and weight‐for‐age z‐scores were not significantly different. Children who were younger, from regional hospitals or with a primary diagnosis of cardiac disease or cystic fibrosis had significantly lower anthropometric z‐scores (P = 0.05). Forty‐four per cent of patients were identified as at high nutritional risk and requiring further nutritional assessment.ConclusionsThe prevalence of malnutrition and nutritional risk of Australian paediatric inpatients on a given day was much higher when compared with the healthy population. In contrast, the proportion of overweight and obese patients was less.
Stable rates of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary neonatal unit
Authors: Lean Wei Ling , Kamlin Camille O , Garland Suzanne M , Jacobs Susan E 
Published: August 2014

AimsTo describe the rate of early‐ and late‐onset sepsis in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at the Royal Women's Hospital and to compare the rate of late‐onset sepsis (LOS) with a published (2008) cohort from the same unit. The secondary aim was to examine clinicians' compliance with antibiotic guidelines.MethodsInfants born <32 weeks' gestation or <1500 g admitted between 1 July 2011 and 31 December 2011 were included. Strict definitions of sepsis and compliance with antibiotic guidelines were applied.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐two infants met the inclusion criteria, with 152 having blood culture evaluations for early‐onset sepsis (EOS) and 58 having 109 evaluations for LOS. Definite EOS occurred in 1.3% with Escherichia coli isolated. The rate of definite LOS in 2011 of 22% was not significantly different than the 27% in 2008, with coagulase‐negative staphylococcus the main isolate. Antibiotic continuation beyond 72 h in infants with negative blood cultures was the main reason for non‐compliance with antibiotic guidelines.ConclusionsThe rate of EOS is comparable with published reports and the rate of LOS has remained stable over a 3‐year period. Discontinuation of antibiotics with negative septic markers and blood cultures at 48–72 h is encouraged.
Inhibitory effects of Solanum tuberosum L. var. vitelotte extract on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in mice
Authors: Shim Eun-Hyeong , Choung Se-Young 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte (SV) extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in NC/Nga mice.

Methods
SV extract was administered orally to NC/Nga mice at the dose of 75, 150 or 300 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The effectiveness of SV extract in NC/Nga mice was evaluated by measuring symptom severity, ear thickness, scratching behaviour, serum levels of IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, T helper 1 (Th1; interferon-γ and IL-12) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) in spleen, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in tissue and infiltration of inflammatory cells in tissue.

Key findings
Oral administration of SV extract to NC/Nga mice resulted in the inhibition of the development of AD-like skin lesions. SV extract was attenuated AD-like skin lesion, ear thickening and scratching behaviour. SV extract also alleviated infiltrated inflammatory cells in tissue. Production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines was inhibited in splenocyte cultures. Additionally, reduced levels of IgE and IgG1/IgG2a ratio in serum and expression of AD-related mRNAs in lesional skins were observed in SV-treated mice compared with control group.

Conclusions
SV extract alleviated the exacerbation of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by suppressing total serum level of IgE and correcting the Th1/Th2 balance.
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: Will It Continue?
Authors: Mohammed Ghada F. , Hassan Magdy M. , Eyada Moustafa M. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is a prevalent, deeply rooted traditional practice in Egypt.

Aims
Specification of the motives behind the continuation of FGM/C in Egyptian community and evaluation of the sexual function in women with FGM/C.

Methods
This cross-sectional study, involved 2,106 sexually active female participants with FGM/C. Full history-taking and general examination to evaluate the type of FGM/C were conducted. Sexual function was assessed by using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures
Enumerate and specify the motivational factors and its percent among the participants. The correlation between FGM/C and FSFI domain scores was done with Pearson's correlation.

Results
Tradition, cleanliness, and virginity were the most common motives empowering the continuation of FGM/C (100%), followed by men's wish, esthetic factors, marriage, and religion factors (45.2–100%). Type I FGM/C was the most common, followed by type II. There was only negative correlation between the type II FGM/C and sexual satisfaction. No statistically significant difference between type I and non-FGM/C was found.

Conclusions
FGM/C remains high. A variety of socio-cultural myths, religious misbelievers, and hygienic and esthetic concerns were behind the FGM/C. Overall, a large proportion of the participants supported the continuation of FGM/C in spite of adverse effect and sexual dysfunction associated with FGM/C.
Affective and Cognitive Determinants of Women's Sexual Response to Erotica
Authors: Vilarinho Sandra , Laja Pedro , Carvalho Joana , Quinta-Gomes Ana Luísa , Oliveira Cátia , Janssen Erick , Nobre Pedro J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
The specific cognitive–affective mechanisms involved in the activation and regulation of the subjective and genital components of sexual arousal are not fully understood yet.

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of self-reported thoughts and affect to the prediction of women's subjective and genital responses to erotica.

Methods
Twenty-eight sexually functional women (mean age=32, SD=6.29) were presented with sexually explicit and nonexplicit romantic films. Genital responses, subjective sexual arousal, state affect, and self-reported thoughts were assessed.

Main Outcome Measures
Vaginal pulse amplitude was measured using a vaginal photoplethysmograph. Subjective sexual arousal, thoughts, and affective responses were assessed through self-report scales.

Results
Correlations between subjective and physiological sexual arousal were low (r =−0.05, P &gt;0.05). Self-reported thoughts and affect were significant predictors of subjective sexual arousal. The strongest single predictor of subjective arousal was sexual arousal thoughts (e.g., “I'm getting excited”) (β=0.63, P &lt;0.01). None of the cognitive or affective variables predicted women's genital responses.

Conclusions
Overall, results support the role of cognitive (self-reported thoughts) and affective dimensions in women's subjective sexual arousal to erotica and, consistent with previous findings, suggest that subjective and physiological sexual arousal may be impacted by different processes.
Association Study of ERβ, AR, and CYP19A
1 Genes and MtF Transsexualism
Authors: Fernández Rosa , Esteva Isabel , Gómez-Gil Esther , Rumbo Teresa , Almaraz Mari Cruz , Roda Ester , Haro-Mora Juan-Jesús , Guillamón Antonio , Pásaro Eduardo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Introduction
The etiology of male-to-female (MtF) transsexualism is unknown. Both genetic and neurological factors may play an important role.

Aim
To investigate the possible influence of the genetic factor on the etiology of MtF transsexualism.

Methods
We carried out a cytogenetic and molecular analysis in 442 MtFs and 473 healthy, age- and geographical origin-matched XY control males. The karyotype was investigated by G-banding and by high-density array in the transsexual group. The molecular analysis involved three tandem variable regions of genes estrogen receptor β (ERβ) (CA tandem repeats in intron 5), androgen receptor (AR) (CAG tandem repeats in exon 1), and CYP19A1 (TTTA tandem repeats in intron 4). The allele and genotype frequencies, after division into short and long alleles, were obtained.

Main Outcome Measures
We investigated the association between genotype and transsexualism by performing a molecular analysis of three variable regions of genes ERβ, AR, and CYP19A1 in 915 individuals (442 MtFs and 473 control males).

Results
Most MtFs showed an unremarkable 46,XY karyotype (97.96%). No specific chromosome aberration was associated with MtF transsexualism, and prevalence of aneuploidy (2.04%) was slightly higher than in the general population. Molecular analyses showed no significant difference in allelic or genotypic distribution of the genes examined between MtFs and controls. Moreover, molecular findings presented no evidence of an association between the sex hormone-related genes (ERβ, AR, and CYP19A1) and MtF transsexualism.

Conclusions
The study suggests that the analysis of karyotype provides limited information in these subjects. Variable regions analyzed from ERβ, AR, and CYP19A1 are not associated with MtF transsexualism. Nevertheless, this does not exclude other polymorphic regions not analyzed.
Supporting the communication of EC‐funded food, agriculture and biotechnology research through a European educational toolkit for schools: The development and design process
Authors: Murphy M. , Ballam R. , Coe S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCommFABnet is a European Commission‐funded project aimed at significantly improving the information flow between European research projects in the fields of food, agriculture and fisheries, and biotechnology (the so‐called bioeconomy) and stakeholders, such as businesses, policy makers and European citizens. This includes children and young people, who are the target group of an educational toolkit that is being developed by the British Nutrition Foundation, a partner of the CommFABnet project, for use in classrooms across Europe. This paper focuses on the development of the educational toolkit, and in addition outlines the role of educating and inspiring young people in the science communication process, and how other networks or projects can learn from the CommFABnet model.