bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emigration Conundrum: EU Countries of Origin of Migrants Between Integration and Demarcation
Authors: Roos Christof , Nagel Max , Kieschnick Hanna , Cherniak Kseniia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on an analysis of parliamentary debates and party manifestos from 2000 to 2022 in three EU countries of emigration, this article responds to the following question: How emigration is discussed in the political discourse, by whom and why? The research on Poland, Portugal and Romania reveals that parties of the left and right address the societal impacts of emigration whilst simultaneously acknowledging the appreciation of citizens of EU freedoms. Tackling this conundrum, parties call for domestic demarcation for an issue that is partially European. They advocate for state intervention to improve working and living conditions and express concern for the sustainability of the national community responding to demographic changes. The variation amongst the case countries is evident in the dominance of a rightist framing in Central and Eastern Europe, emphasizing state intervention and concerns for the nation, and a leftist framing in Southern Europe, advocating solely for state intervention into the economy. Differently structured party systems and strength of cleavages explain this variation.
Research progress of antibacterial and antioxidant packaging materials for meat: A review
Authors: Guo Xianglin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the easy spoilage of meat products and the improper preservation and transportation technology, the loss rate of meat is relatively high. Most of the fresh‐keeping films are made by adding natural antioxidants and various film‐forming methods. This study expounds the latest progress in the application of antibacterial and antioxidant packaging materials in meat products. With the addition of antibacterial and antioxidant active substances to the packaging, challenges regarding the stability, safety, compatibility and regulations of active substances emerge. This research status in the direction of prospects and challenges about antibacterial and antioxidant packaging materials for meat.
Sex differences in patterns of potentially inappropriate prescribing and adverse drug reactions in hospitalized older people: Findings from the SENATOR trial
Authors: O'Mahony Denis , Cruz‐Jentoft Alfonso J. , Gudmundsson Adalsteinn , Soiza Roy L. , Petrovic Mirko , Cherubini Antonio , Byrne Stephen , Rochon Paula 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder women experience more adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than older men. However, the underlying basis for this sex difference is unclear. Sex (biological status) and/or gender (sociocultural constructs) influences on patterns of inappropriate prescribing in multimorbid older adults may be one reason for this ADR sex difference. In this secondary analysis, we examined whether incident ADR sex differences could be related to concurrent sex differences in potentially inappropriate prescribing.Design and SettingA retrospective secondary analysis of sex differences in the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), potential prescribing omissions (PPOs), and ADRs among the 1537 participants (47.2% female, median [IQR] age 78 [72–84] years) was undertaken in the SENATOR clinical trial database, conducted in six large European medical centers.Participants and MethodsWe looked specifically for male/female differences relating to PIMs and PPOs (defined by STOPP/START version 2 criteria) identified within 48 h of acute hospitalization. We also assessed sex differences for ADRs identified at 14 days from admission or discharge, whichever came first. ADRs were assessed by blinded endpoint adjudication panel consensus.ResultsDuring hospitalization, significantly more females experienced ≥1 ADR compared to males (28% and 21%, respectively; odds ratio 1.40, 95% CI 1.10–1.78, p < 0.005). Nine of the 11 STOPP‐criteria PIMs showing a significant sex difference occurred more often in females. Of the four START‐criteria PPOs showing a significant sex difference, all occurred more often in females. Some sex‐associated PIMs reflect higher prevalence of related conditions in older women.ConclusionWe conclude that specific STOPP‐criteria PIMs and START‐criteria PPOs were identified more frequently in older women than older men during acute hospitalization, possibly contributing to higher ADR incidence in older women. Prescribers should appreciate sex differences in exposure to potentially inappropriate prescribing and ADR risk, given the preponderance of older women over older men in most clinical settings.
Seis‐ing up the Super‐ Morrison formation sauropods
Authors: Woodruff D. Cary , Curtice Brian D. , Foster John R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation sauropods Diplodocus (formerly “Seismosaurus”) hallorum and Supersaurus vivianae are quantifiably the largest dinosaurian taxa from the formation, as well as being among the largest dinosaurs in the world. Their extreme body size (in particular body length, c. 50+ m) has fascinated the paleontological community since their discoveries and has sparked an ongoing discussion on the trends and limits of Morrison Formation sauropod body size. Although not an undeviating proxy, often the largest and skeletally most mature specimens are among the rarest (as exemplified in Triceratops). While their body size has no phylogenetic bearing, the extreme size and potential eco and biological significance of these two sauropod taxa are frequently discussed. Whether these rare and titanically proportioned sauropod specimens are large‐bodied, senescent or both is an often‐repeating rhetoric. To definitively make maturational inferences about these taxa, we osteohistologically sampled the holotype of D. hallorum (NMMNH P‐25079) and the second known specimen of S. vivianae (WDC DMJ‐021). Our age‐determinant and maturational assessments indicate that both specimens were skeletally mature at their respective age of death. Retrocalculation methods for D. hallorum NMMNH P‐25079 produce a maximum age‐at‐death estimation of 60 years, whereas S. vivianae WDC DMJ‐021 lived well past skeletal maturity—so much so that reliable retrocalculated ages cannot be accurately determined at this time. Additionally, the rarity of such large sauropods within the Morrison Formation might be more parsimoniously explained as relating to their maturity as opposed to representing aberrant taxa on the Morrison landscape.
Energy‐based devices and hyaluronic acid filler, polymer filler, and threads: Cadaveric study
Authors: Yi Kyu‐Ho 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this experiment was to investigate the thermal effects on hyaluronic acid fillers, PCL fillers, and PDO threads when exposed to controlled heat. This study aims to provide insights into how these materials respond to thermal energy, which is crucial for safe and effective cosmetic procedures involving combined modalities.Materials and MethodsCadaveric tissue was utilized to simulate clinical conditions. Hyaluronic acid fillers were injected at approximately 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses, with variations in G' value (high and low). PCL fillers were similarly injected in 1 mm and 5 mm thicknesses. PDO threads were also inserted. All materials were injected at a depth of 2 cm. A thermometer was used to measure heat penetration, and a multi‐wavelength laser was applied to the tissue. The temperature was maintained at 60°C for 5 min to assess whether heat penetrated more than 3 cm in thickness. Observations were made regarding the heat distribution and any physical changes in the fillers and threads.ResultsIn thick layers, heat accumulated above the PCL filler without penetrating deeper layers. In thin layers, heat penetration was observed. For the HA fillers, heat energy was not blocked, regardless of the G' value or thickness. For the threads, no significant heat blockage effect was observed. For all materials, no visual changes were detected in any of the materials due to temperature exposure.DiscussionThe findings suggest that the thickness and composition of fillers significantly influence heat penetration. Thick PCL fillers act as a thermal barrier, whereas thin PCL fillers allow deeper heat penetration. Hyaluronic acid fillers do not impede heat transfer, regardless of their physical properties. PDO threads do not exhibit any notable thermal resistance. These insights are essential for optimizing the safety and efficacy of combined filler and energy‐based device treatments in esthetic medicine.
The effectiveness of positive psychological interventions for patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tian Xia , Zhou Xiaojun , Sun Mimi , Yu Nancy Xiaonan , Peng Yunyi , Zheng Xiaoting , Xiao Wenli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychological interventions on quality of life, positive psychological outcomes and negative psychological outcomes in patients with cancer.BackgroundPatients with cancer often suffer from various psychological problems and have a poor quality of life. Positive psychological interventions have been increasingly applied to patients with cancer, but the results of these studies have not been synthesized.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials according to PRISMA.MethodsSix English databases and four Chinese databases were searched from the inception to December 2022. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RevMan was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsTwenty‐nine randomized controlled trials examined the effects of positive psychological interventions including meaning therapy, dignity therapy, positive psychotherapy, mindfulness‐ based intervention, life review, expressive writing intervention, acceptance and commitment psychotherapy, attention and interpretation therapy, compassion training and spiritual therapy on patients with cancer. Positive psychological interventions significantly improved the quality of life, enhanced positive psychological outcomes including well‐being, meaning of life, self‐esteem, optimism, resilience and self‐efficacy and alleviated negative psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety and hopelessness. However, the heterogeneity of some outcomes was rather high, due to the wide diversity of the interventions included.ConclusionPositive psychological interventions have potentially positive effects on improving quality of life, enhancing positive psychological outcomes and alleviating negative psychological outcomes in patients with cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and the lack of follow‐up studies, more high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the results of our review and to clarify the long‐term effects of positive psychological interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceAs feasible psychological interventions, healthcare professionals can consider applying appropriate positive psychological interventions according to the condition of cancer patients.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Ecological investigations of giant Phaeocystis colonies in Viet Nam: I. Cell abundance and elemental composition
Authors: Meng Rui , Smith Walker O. , Cao Ruobing , Doan‐Nhu Hai , Nguyen‐Ngoc Lam , Wang Jinxiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhaeocystis globosa is an important bloom‐forming marine phytoplankton species that often accumulates to large levels in temperate and tropical waters and has significant impacts on food webs and biogeochemical cycles. It can form “giant” colonies that reach 3 cm in diameter. Microscopic observations, colony elemental composition, and pigment composition were analyzed to assess the characteristics of colonies as a function of colony size. Particulate organic carbon (POC) per unit surface area, colonial cell density, and chlorophyll a per unit surface area all increased with colony size, in contrast to results from temperate waters. Cellular chl a averaged 0.85 pg chl · cell−1. Colonies had both photosynthetic and protective pigments, with fucoxanthin being the dominant accessory pigment. Based on chl a and pigment levels, it appears colonies were acclimated to relatively low irradiances, likely due to their life cycle and the extremely turbulent environment in which they grew. Mucous carbon ranged from 16.2% to 79.2% of the total POC, and mucous carbon per unit surface area increased with colony size, suggesting that the mucous envelope did not thin as the colony grew. Based on elemental composition, nitrogen did not appear to limit growth, but phosphorus:carbon ratios were similar to those of P‐limited cultures. Giant colonies represent an extreme response to the environment, but they do not appear to have greatly different characteristics than other tropical strains.
Do credences model guesses?
Authors: Horowitz Sophie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhat are credences? Where do the numbers come from? Some have argued that they are brute and primitive; others, that they model our dispositions to bet, our comparative confidence judgments, or our all‐out beliefs. This paper explores a new answer to this question: credences model our dispositions to guess. I argue that we can think of credences this way, and then consider: should we?
Hamiltonian shocks
Authors: Arnold Russell , Camassa Roberto , Ding Lingyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWave propagation in the form of fronts or kinks, a common occurrence in a wide range of physical phenomena, is studied in the context of models defined by their Hamiltonian structure. Motivated, for dispersive wave evolution equations such as a strongly nonlinear model of two‐layer internal waves in the Boussinesq limit, by the symmetric properties of a class of front‐propagating solutions, known as conjugate states or solibores, a generalized formulation based purely on the dispersionless reduction of a system is introduced, and a class of undercompressive shock solutions, here referred to as “Hamiltonian shocks,” is defined. This analysis determines whether a Hamiltonian shock, representing locally a kink for the parent dispersive equations, will interact with a sufficiently smooth background wave without inducing loss of regularity, which would take the form of a classical dispersive shock for the parent equations. This property is also related to an infinitude of conservation laws, drawing a parallel to the case of completely integrable systems.
The Nietzschean Sellars: Remarks on the Nietzsche‐Sellars view of mind
Authors: Magnell Elsa , Dahl Niklas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe discuss the striking similarities between Friedrich Nietzsche's and Wilfrid Sellars's respective philosophies of mind. Drawing especially on recent Nietzsche scholarship by Riccardi and Katsafanas, we argue that the Nietzschean picture of consciousness is essentially the same as Sellars's view of conceptually structured thought. In particular, we argue that both consider structured thinking to be a linguistic phenomenon whose structure, in turn, arises contingently from social interactions within a community. Further, both views provide for a special role to be played by specifically mentalistic vocabulary, making it possible to engage with the mental states of others in a reflective way. We also discuss how this parallel extends to their respective views on perception. Drawing on O'Shea and Riccardi, we argue for interpretations on which there still is a clear connection between their respective views. Finally, we end the article by discussing some reasons why this similarity should not be as unexpected as it initially seems.
QuantiFERON monitor predicts early cytomegalovirus infection and viral burden in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yoon Eungjun , Shin Sunghwan , Choi Sooin , Jang Jun Ho , Kim Kihyun , Kim Seok Jin , Kim Won Seog , Jung Chul Won , Kang Eun‐Suk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of transplantation‐related morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the utility of the QuantiFERON monitor (QFM; Qiagen) for the prediction of early CMV infection and viral burden.MethodsQuantiFERON‐CMV (QF‐CMV; Qiagen) and QFM were measured at the post‐allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) week 4. CMV DNA was measured at every visit until post‐HSCT week 24. The QFM cutoff specific to CMV infection was established.ResultAt the post‐HSCT week 4, the QFM cutoff predicting CMV infection was 86.95 IU/mL. While QF‐CMV results at the post‐HSCT week 4 were associated with high‐level CMV infection (CMV DNA ≥ 5,000 IU/mL) but not with CMV infection (CMV DNA ≥ 500 IU/mL), QFM was associated with both CMV infection and high‐level CMV infection. Both indeterminate QF‐CMV and nonreactive QFM were associated with increased peak CMV DNA.ConclusionLow QFM is a risk factor for CMV infection and increased CMV viral loads. QFM at post‐HSCT week 4 can be utilized as an assay to predict the risk and burden of early CMV infection in HSCT recipients, in conjunction with other risk factors.
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Risk factors for severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 through the waves of the pandemic: Comparing patients with and without solid organ transplantation
Authors: Lee Stephen B. , Dai Ran , French Evan , Anzalone Jerrod A. , Olex Amy L. , Ge Jin , Schissel Makayla , Agarwal Gaurav , Vinson Amanda , Madhira Vithal , Mannon Roslyn B. ,   the N3C Consortium
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is no longer a public health emergency, certain patients remain at risk of severe outcomes. To better understand changing risk profiles, we studied the risk factors for patients with and without solid organ transplantation (SOT) through the various waves of the pandemic.MethodsUsing the National COVID Cohort Collaborative we studied a cohort of adult patients testing positive for COVID‐19 between January 1, 2020, and May 2, 2022. We separated the data into waves of COVID‐19 as defined by the Centers for Disease Control. In our primary outcome, we used multivariable survival analysis to look at various risk factors for hospitalization in those with and without SOT.ResultsA total of 3,570,032 patients were captured. We found an overall risk attenuation of adverse COVID‐19‐associated outcomes over time. In both non‐SOT and SOT populations, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and congestive heart failure were risk factors for hospitalization. For SOT specifically, longer time periods between transplant and COVID‐19 were protective and age was a risk factor. Notably, asthma was not a risk factor for major adverse renal cardiovascular events, hospitalization, or mortality in either group.ConclusionsOur study provides a longitudinal view of the risks associated with adverse COVID‐related outcomes amongst SOT and non‐SOT patients, and how these risk factors evolved over time. Our work will help inform providers and policymakers to better target high‐risk patients.
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Red cell exchange modulates neutrophil degranulation responses in sickle cell disease
Authors: Lee Grace M. , Boyle Kimberly , Batchvarova Milena , Delahunty Martha , Suggs Mark A. , Arepally Gowthami M. , Telen Marilyn J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophils in sickle cell disease (SCD) are activated, contributing to disease. Red cell exchange (RCE), with the goal of lowering hemoglobin S (HbS), is an important part of therapy for many SCD patients. Whether RCE impacts neutrophil reactivity is unknown.Study Design and MethodsTo determine the effect of RCE on neutrophil activation, SCD patients undergoing RCE in steady‐state were enrolled. Neutrophil degranulation responses were examined before/after RCE. Kinetic studies were completed to determine the duration of the effect of RCE on neutrophil function. Degranulation results were examined in relation to white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and HbS levels. The effect of RCE on RBC phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure was examined as a possible contributor to modulation of neutrophil function by RCE.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with SCD, genotype SS, who underwent RCE (average pre‐RCE HbS 33 ± 14%) were included for the study. RCE significantly decreased neutrophil degranulation responses. The effect of RCE on neutrophil activation was unrelated to cell count and instead directly correlated with HbS. The effect of RCE on neutrophil activation was sustained over several days post‐apheresis. Furthermore, while increased RBC PS exposure results in increased neutrophil degranulation, RCE decreases RBC PS exposure.DiscussionTo our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that RCE significantly decreases neutrophil activation in a sustained HbS‐dependent manner. Modulation of PS exposure by RCE may be a contributing mechanism by which RCE modulates neutrophil activation. These studies raise the possibility that modulation of neutrophil activation contributes significantly to the therapeutic effect of RCE.
Treadmill running and mechanical overloading improved the strength of the plantaris muscle in the dystrophin‐desmin double knockout (DKO) mouse
Authors: Moutachi Dylan , Hyzewicz Janek , Roy Pauline , Lemaitre Mégane , Bachasson Damien , Amthor Helge , Ritvos Olli , Li Zhenlin , Furling Denis , Agbulut Onnik , Ferry Arnaud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLimited knowledge exists regarding the chronic effect of muscular exercise on muscle function in a murine model of severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here we determined the effects of 1 month of voluntary wheel running (WR), 1 month of enforced treadmill running (TR) and 1 month of mechanical overloading resulting from the removal of the synergic muscles (OVL) in mice lacking both dystrophin and desmin (DKO). Additionally, we examined the effect of activin receptor administration (AR). DKO mice, displaying severe muscle weakness, atrophy and greater susceptibility to contraction‐induced functional loss, were exercised or treated with AR at 1 month of age and in situ force production of lower leg muscle was measured at the age of 2 months. We found that TR and OVL increased absolute maximal force and the rate of force development of the plantaris muscle in DKO mice. In contrast, those of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle remained unaffected by TR and WR. Furthermore, the effects of TR and OVL on plantaris muscle function in DKO mice closely resembled those in mdx mice, a less severe murine DMD model. AR also improved absolute maximal force and the rate of force development of the TA muscle in DKO mice. In conclusion, exercise training improved plantaris muscle weakness in severely affected dystrophic mice. Consequently, these preclinical results may contribute to fostering further investigations aimed at assessing the potential benefits of exercise for DMD patients, particularly resistance training involving a low number of intense muscle contractions.
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Very little is known about the effects of exercise training in a murine model of severe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). One reason is that it is feared that chronic muscular exercise, particularly that involving intense muscle contractions, could exacerbate the disease.
In DKO mice lacking both dystrophin and desmin, characterized by severe lower leg muscle weakness, atrophy and fragility in comparison to the less severe DMD mdx model, we found that enforced treadmill running improved absolute maximal force of the plantaris muscle, while that of tibialis anterior muscle remained unaffected by both enforced treadmill and voluntary wheel running.
Furthermore, mechanical overloading, a non‐physiological model of chronic resistance exercise, reversed plantaris muscle weakness.
Consequently, our findings may have the potential to alleviate concerns and pave the way for exploring the prescription of endurance and resistance training as a viable therapeutic approach for the treatment of dystrophic patients. Additionally, such interventions may serve in mitigating the pathophysiological mechanisms induced by physical inactivity.