bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Obesity, Independent from Caloric Intake, Accounts for the Development of Intestinal Tumors in Apc1638N/+ Female Mice
Authors: Huffman Derek M. , Augenlicht Leonard H. , Zhang Xueying , Lofrese John J. , Atzmon Gil , Chamberland John P. , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
To determine whether visceral fat (VF), independent of other confounders, is causally linked to intestinal tumorigenesis, we surgically removed visceral fat in Apc1638/N+ mice. At 15 weeks of age, male and female Apc1638/N+ mice were randomized to one of three groups: ad libitum, visceral fat removal (VF-) and ad libitum fed, or caloric restriction, and were studied for effects on tumorigenesis and survival. As compared with ad libitum, VF− and caloric restriction reduced macroadenomas to a similar extent (P &lt; 0.05), but only caloric restriction significantly improved survival (P &lt; 0.05). Given that a significant group × gender interaction was observed, we next examined males and females separately. In females, macroadenomas were markedly attenuated by VF− (1.33 ± 0.23 mean ± SE; P &lt; 0.05), but not by caloric restriction (2.35 ± 0.25; P = 0.71), as compared with ad libitum (2.50 ± 0.34). In males, however, caloric restriction (1.71 ± 0.26; P &lt; 0.01), but not VF− (2.94 ± 0.42; P = 0.29), reduced macroadenomas, as compared with ad libitum males (3.47 ± 0.30). In females, both VF− (P = 0.05) and caloric restriction (P &lt; 0.01) improved survival, but not in male mice (P = 0.15). The benefits observed with caloric restriction were consistent with favorable metabolic adaptations, but protection conferred in VF− females was despite lower adiponectin levels (P &lt; 0.05), and failure to reduce body mass, total adiposity, glucose, insulin, leptin, and chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) levels. In conclusion, these data provide the first causal evidence linking visceral fat to intestinal cancer risk, and suggest that factors, other than known metabolic mediators, may impact tumor development. Furthermore, these data emphasize that strategies designed to deplete visceral fat stores in humans should be considered in the prevention of intestinal cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 177–87. ©2012 AACR.
Get the Fat Out!
Authors: Ignatenko Natalia A. , Gerner Eugene W. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of a number of cancers in humans, but the mechanism(s) responsible for these associations have not been established. It is estimated that 68% of adults are overweight or obese and that obesity may be causative in 4% to 7% of cancers in the United States. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the association between obesity and cancer including adipose-directed signaling (e.g., mTOR, AMPK), production of factors (e.g., insulin growth factor 1, fibroblast growth factor 1, and/or chronic inflammation associated with obesity. Huffman and colleagues used surgical methods to determine if visceral fat was causally related to intestinal tumorigenesis in the Apc1638/N+ mouse in a manner independent of confounding factors such as caloric restriction. They found that caloric restriction could extend survival in both male and female Apc1638/N+ mice but found that surgical removal of visceral fat was only effective in reducing macroadenomas in females. The results of this study do not identify the specific mechanism of association between visceral fat and intestinal carcinogenesis in female mice but do support the rationale for future cancer prevention trials that evaluate pharmacologic and behavioral strategies to reduce abdominal obesity in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 161–4. ©2013 AACR.
Prediction of Recanalization Trumps Prediction of Tissue Fate
Authors: Zhu Guangming , Michel Patrik , Aghaebrahim Amin , Patrie James T. , Xin Wenjun , Eskandari Ashraf , Zhang Weiwei , Wintermark Max 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
To determine whether infarct core or penumbra is the more significant predictor of outcome in acute ischemic stroke, and whether the results are affected by the statistical method used.

Methods—
Clinical and imaging data were collected in 165 patients with acute ischemic stroke. We reviewed the noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) to determine the Alberta Score Program Early CT score and assess for hyperdense middle cerebral artery. We reviewed CT-angiogram for site of occlusion and collateral flow score. From perfusion-CT, we calculated the volumes of infarct core and ischemic penumbra. Recanalization status was assessed on early follow-up imaging. Clinical data included age, several time points, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission, treatment type, and modified Rankin score at 90 days. Two multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine which variables predicted outcome best. In the first analysis, we did not include recanalization status among the potential predicting variables. In the second, we included recanalization status and its interaction between perfusion-CT variables.

Results—

Among the 165 study patients, 76 had a good outcome (modified Rankin score ≤2) and 89 had a poor outcome (modified Rankin score >2). In our first analysis, the most important predictors were age (
P
<0.001) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at admission (
P
=0.001). The imaging variables were not important predictors of outcome (
P
>0.05). In the second analysis, when the recanalization status and its interaction with perfusion-CT variables were included, recanalization status and perfusion-CT penumbra volume became the significant predictors (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Imaging prediction of tissue fate, more specifically imaging of the ischemic penumbra, matters only if recanalization can also be predicted.
La rhétorique au cœur de l’examen réfutatif socratique : le jeu des émotions dans le Gorgias
Authors: Collobert Catherine 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper attempts to demonstrate that the Socratic critique of Gorgias’ rhetoric is not merely destructive, but actually constructive and leads to the consideration of an important rhetorical component in Socratic cross-examination, as practised in the Gorgias. I argue that the Socratic critique of rhetoric is based on the moral neutrality of Sophistic rhetoric, defining it first as a tool, then as an art of manipulation, which might lead to immoralism, as embodied by Callicles. Yet there is a positive manipulation that is practised by Socrates. Having as its devices irony and parrhêsia, it aims at a psychological destabilisation of the interlocutor through the emotion of shame. In fact, shame appears to be a powerful means of refutation. Yet the destabilisation does not cause the interlocutor to adhere to a new belief and to arouse in him pleasure, as in the case of Gorgias’ rhetoric, but rather it seeks to provoke the desire to philosophise.
The Low-Frequency Variability of the Southern Ocean Circulation
Authors: Giarolla Emanuel , Matano Ricardo P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Long time series of sea surface height (SSH), sea surface temperature, and wind stress curl are used to determine the main modes of low-frequency variability of the Southern Ocean (SO) circulation. The dominant mode is a trend of increasing SSH at an average rate of 3.3 mm yr−1. Similar trends have been reported in previous studies and the analysis indicates that the tendency of sea level increase over the SO has become more spatially homogeneous during the last decade, with changes in the increasing rate in 2000 and 2006. The other modes consist of stationary, basin-type modes, and an eastward-propagating wave. The stationary modes are particularly dominant in the Indian and Atlantic Ocean basins, where their spatial structure appears to be shaped by the basin geometry and the bottom topography. The wavelike patterns travel eastward with a period of approximately 10 years. Two waves were identified in the analysis: a complete cycle between 1997 and 2007 and a second cycle starting in 2000. Such waves have rarely been mentioned or identified in studies using recent satellite-derived SSH products.
Ocean Warming Effect on Surface Gravity Wave Climate Change for the End of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Fan Yalin , Held Isaac M. , Lin Shian-Jiann , Wang Xiaolan L. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Surface wind (U10) and significant wave height (Hs) response to global warming are investigated using a coupled atmosphere–wave model by perturbing the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) with anomalies generated by the Working Group on Coupled Modeling (WGCM) phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) coupled models that use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4)/Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B (SRES A1B) scenario late in the twenty-first century.
Several consistent changes were observed across all four realizations for the seasonal means: robust increase of U10 and Hs in the Southern Ocean for both the austral summer and winter due to the poleward shift of the jet stream; a dipole pattern of the U10 and Hs with increases in the northeast sector and decreases at the midlatitude during boreal winter in the North Atlantic due to the more frequent occurrence of the positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); and strong decrease of U10 and Hs in the tropical western Pacific Ocean during austral summer, which might be caused by the joint effect of the weakening of the Walker circulation and the large hurricane frequency decrease in the South Pacific.
Changes of the 99th percentile U10 and Hs are twice as strong as changes in the seasonal means, and the maximum changes are mainly dominated by the changes in hurricanes. Robust strong decreases of U10 and Hs in the South Pacific are obtained because of the large hurricane frequency decrease, while the results in the Northern Hemisphere basins differ among the models. An additional sensitivity experiment suggests that the qualitative response of U10 and Hs is not affected by using SST anomalies only and maintaining the radiative forcing unchanged (using 1980 values), as in this study.
Regional, Very Heavy Daily Precipitation in NARCCAP Simulations
Authors: Kawazoe Sho , Gutowski William J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The authors analyze the ability of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program's ensemble of climate models to simulate very heavy daily precipitation and its supporting processes, comparing simulations that used observation-based boundary conditions with observations. The analysis includes regional climate models and a time-slice global climate model that all used approximately half-degree resolution. Analysis focuses on an upper Mississippi River region for winter (December–February), when it is assumed that resolved synoptic circulation governs precipitation. All models generally reproduce the precipitation-versus-intensity spectrum seen in observations well, with a small tendency toward producing overly strong precipitation at high-intensity thresholds, such as the 95th, 99th, and 99.5th percentiles. Further analysis focuses on precipitation events exceeding the 99.5th percentile that occur simultaneously at several points in the region, yielding so-called “widespread events.” Examination of additional fields shows that the models produce very heavy precipitation events for the same physical conditions seen in the observations.
A New Expression for the Form Stress Term in the Vertically Lagrangian Mean Framework for the Effect of Surface Waves on the Upper-Ocean Circulation
Authors: Aiki Hidenori , Greatbatch Richard J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere is an ongoing discussion in the community concerning the wave-averaged momentum equations in the hybrid vertically Lagrangian and horizontally Eulerian (VL) framework and, in particular, the form stress term (representing the residual effect of pressure perturbations) that is thought to restrict the handling of higher-order waves in terms of a perturbation expansion. The present study shows that the traditional pressure-based form stress term can be transformed into a set of terms that do not contain any pressure quantities but do contain the time derivative of a wave-induced velocity. This wave-induced velocity is referred to as the pseudomomentum in the VL framework, as it is analogous to the generalized pseudomomentum in Andrews and McIntyre. This enables the second expression for the wave-averaged momentum equations in the VL framework (this time for the development of the total transport velocity minus the VL pseudomomentum) to be derived together with the vortex force. The velocity-based expression of the form stress term also contains the residual effect of the turbulent viscosity, which is useful for understanding the dissipation of wave energy leading to a transfer of momentum from waves to circulation. It is found that the concept of the virtual wave stress of Longuet-Higgins is applicable to quite general situations: it does not matter whether there is wind forcing or not, the waves can have slow variations, and the viscosity coefficient can vary in the vertical. These results provide a basis for revisiting the surface boundary condition used in numerical circulation models.
Ho:Yag Laser for Sialolithiasis of Wharton's Duct
Authors: Martellucci Salvatore , Pagliuca Giulio , de Vincentiis Marco , Greco Antonio , Fusconi Massimo , De Virgilio Armando , Gallipoli Camilla , Gallo Andrea 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility of intracorporeal lithotripsy with holmium YAG laser under sialoendoscopic guidance for sialolithiasis of Wharton's duct.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary referral university hospital.MethodsThis study was conducted on 16 patients with sialolithiasis of Wharton's duct. Diagnosis was confirmed at ultrasound examination. Patients with stones ranging from 5 to 8 mm in diameter were enrolled in the study. The selected patients underwent intracorporeal lithotripsy with holmium Yag laser under endoscopic control. Debris was removed using sialoendoscopic forceps or a wire basket during the same procedure. After a 3‐month follow‐up, radiological tests were rerun.ResultsStone fragmentation was possible in all cases. All patients experienced a regular postoperative course. Postoperative ultrasound examinations revealed residual stones in 3 patients, 1 of whom was asymptomatic. Three patients complained of residual symptoms after 3 months of follow‐up. These patients were treated successfully during a second sialoendoscopic procedure.ConclusionsIn our experience, endoscopic laser lithotripsy was proved to be a feasible technique for Wharton's duct lithiasis in clinical practice.
Advance care planning education in pulmonary rehabilitation: A qualitative study exploring participant perspectives
Authors: Burge Angela T , Lee Annemarie , Nicholes Mandy , Purcell Stephanie , Miller Belinda , Norris Naomi , McArdle Sarah , Sandilands Sean , Holland Anne E 
Published: March 2013

Background: Advance care planning is considered to have an important role in the management of people with chronic lung disease; however, uptake in clinical practice remains limited. Participant acceptance of the inclusion of an advance care planning information session in pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance programmes could support a practical solution. Aim: To evaluate the introduction of a structured group advance care planning information session from the perspective of participants in pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance programmes. Design: Prospective qualitative study with semi-structured interview transcripts analysed using iterative thematic analysis. Setting/participants: Participants in pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance programmes at a tertiary metropolitan hospital and two affiliated community sites. Results: Sixty-seven participants with a range of chronic lung diseases were interviewed with ages ranging from 39 to 88 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ranging from 18% to 130% predicted and 6-min walk distance ranging from 105 to 619 m. Sixteen participants (24%) had previously heard of advance care planning. Major themes were that participants valued the advance care planning information and thought pulmonary rehabilitation was an appropriate setting. The group education format was well accepted and perceived to have advantages over individual sessions. Participants were happy to receive the information from a non-medical facilitator. Non-attendees had usually missed the session for reasons unrelated to content. A small number of participants felt advance care planning was not appropriate for them, but all recognised its value for other participants. Conclusions: Participants in our pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance programmes value the opportunity to participate in a structured, group-based advance care planning session. Consideration should be given to broader inclusion of advance care planning education into existing pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance programmes for people with chronic respiratory disease.
Career Development of People with Disabilities: Some New and Not-So-New Challenges
Authors: Szymanski Edna Mora , Vancollins Jeff 
Published: March 2013

Changes in the world of work present new challenges for people with disability. Using relevant literature, we review some changes in the world of work, provide an overview of an ecological model of vocational behaviour, identify possible challenges for people with disabilities, and provide suggestions for career counsellors. Work is different today from what it was just ten years ago, and these differences affect people with disabilities. In this manuscript, we will examine some of the changes and their implications through the following topics: (a) an ecological model of vocational behaviour; (b) changes in the world of work; (c) challenges for people with disabilities; (d) implications for career counsellors.
Seeing is Believing
Authors: Harrigan Neil , Taubman Marion , Bureau Youth 
Published: March 2013

Veritable libraries of career information appear on shelves each year. Well-intentioned influencers, particularly parents and teachers, make use of this material as do career information seekers themselves. Decisions are made on the content, yet the industry of Career Information still remains highly deregulated. Any person/organisation with any motive can produce quite influential career information. The Department of Employment Education and Training (DEET) is one of the largest agencies responsible for provision of career information. It is the major Australian provider of national and local occupational information data and products with an overall expenditure of approximately $15 million per annum (DEET, 1991). It was afforded an opportunity during the deliberations of an Australian Education Council Working Party on Career Education (McCowan, 1992) to take the first step in the development of standards for career information. This article explores these issues, as well as presenting a checklist of standards for career information providers.
Career Guidance with the Long-Term Unemployed
Authors: Patton Wendy 
Published: March 2013

This paper addresses the issue of career guidance with the unemployed, noting the limited literature in existence. It includes a review of overseas and Australian research, and policy and practice documents. Various models of case management are presented, and the real or potential place for career guidance in these models is discussed. The paper argues for the inclusion of career guidance in interventions with the long-term unemployed, while acknowledging concerns and issues with this strategy. CONCLUSION
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls murine mast cell homeostasis
Authors: Zhou Yufeng , Tung Hui-Ying , Tsai Ying-Ming , Hsu Shih-Chang , Chang Hui-Wen , Kawasaki Hirokazu , Tseng Hsiao-Chun , Plunkett Beverly , Gao Peisong , Hung Chih-Hsing , Vonakis Becky M. , Huang Shau-Ku 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
AhR ligands result in calcium- and ROS-dependent enhancement of mast cell activation. AhR is critical in controlling mast cell homeostasis.
Infection, inflammation and exercise in cystic fibrosis
Authors: van de Weert-van Leeuwen Pauline Barbera , Arets Hubertus Gerardus Maria , van der Ent Cornelis Korstiaan , Beekman Jeffrey Matthijn 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRegular exercise is positively associated with health. It has also been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory effects. In healthy subjects, a single exercise session results in immune cell activation, which is characterized by production of immune modulatory peptides (e.g. IL-6, IL-8), a leukocytosis and enhanced immune cell functions. Upon cessation of exercise, immune activation is followed by a tolerizing phase, characterized by a reduced responsiveness of immune cells. Regular exercise of moderate intensity and duration has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and is associated with a reduced disease incidence and viral infection susceptibility. Specific exercise programs may therefore be used to modify the course of chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF).Patients with CF suffer from severe and chronic pulmonary infections and inflammation, leading to obstructive and restrictive pulmonary disease, exercise intolerance and muscle cachexia. Inflammation is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory phenotype. Patients are encouraged to engage in exercise programs to maintain physical fitness, quality of life, pulmonary function and health.In this review, we present an overview of available literature describing the association between regular exercise, inflammation and infection susceptibility and discuss the implications of these observations for prevention and treatment of inflammation and infection susceptibility in patients with CF.
Genetic dissection of growth traits in a Chinese indigenous × commercial broiler chicken cross
Authors: Sheng Zheya , Pettersson Mats E , Hu Xiaoxiang , Luo Chenglong , Qu Hao , Shu Dingming , Shen Xia , Carlborg Örjan , Li Ning 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
In China, consumers often prefer indigenous broiler chickens over commercial breeds, as they have characteristic meat qualities requested within traditional culinary customs. However, the growth-rate of these indigenous breeds is slower than that of the commercial broilers, which means they have not yet reached their full economic value. Therefore, combining the valuable meat quality of the native chickens with the efficiency of the commercial broilers is of interest. In this study, we generated an F2 intercross between the slow growing native broiler breed, Huiyang Beard chicken, and the fast growing commercial broiler breed, High Quality chicken Line A, and used it to map loci explaining the difference in growth rate between these breeds.

Results
A genome scan to identify main-effect loci affecting 24 growth-related traits revealed nine distinct QTL on six chromosomes. Many QTL were pleiotropic and conformed to the correlation patterns observed between phenotypes. Most of the mapped QTL were found in locations where growth QTL have been reported in other populations, although the effects were greater in this population. A genome scan for pairs of interacting loci identified a number of additional QTL in 10 other genomic regions. The epistatic pairs explained 6–8% of the residual phenotypic variance. Seven of the 10 epistatic QTL mapped in regions containing candidate genes in the ubiquitin mediated proteolysis pathway, suggesting the importance of this pathway in the regulation of growth in this chicken population.

Conclusions
The main-effect QTL detected using a standard one-dimensional genome scan accounted for a significant fraction of the observed phenotypic variance in this population. Furthermore, genes in known pathways present interesting candidates for further exploration. This study has thus located several QTL regions as promising candidates for further study, which will increase our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying growth-related traits in chickens.