bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Regioselective Amination of Peryleneimides
Authors: George Lijo , Ahmed Zafar , Lemmetyinen Helge , Efimov Alexander 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPerylenediimides (PDIs) and perylenemonoimide diesters (PMIs) can be selectively substituted at the 1,6‐ or 7,12‐ positions of the bay region, respectively, by direct amination reactions. The reactions proceed by the formation of a perylene radical anion and its subsequent oxidation, and the yields range from 20–97 %. The amination can be tuned to obtain either mono‐ or disubstituted perylenes by varying the oxidants involved. The presence of the imide cycle is crucial for the transformation, although the amination occurs regioselectively at the bay‐region positions distant from the imide cycle.
Electrochemical Detection of a Cancer Biomarker mir‐21 in Cell Lysates Using Graphene Modified Sensors
Authors: Kilic Tugba , Erdem Arzum , Erac Yasemin , Seydibeyoglu M. Ozgur , Okur Salih , Ozsoz Mehmet 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the present study, the voltammetric and impidimetric detection of microRNA‐21, mir‐21 from cell lysates was investigated for the first time by using graphene modified disposable pencil graphite electrodes (GME). The surface characterization of GME was performed via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Upon passive adsorption of inosine substituted antimicroRNA‐21, antimir‐21 probe, InP, onto the surface of GME and then solid phase hybridization of InP with mir‐21, the target, the electrochemical detection was performed by using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and EIS techniques. This developed biosensor, GME has presented a 2.77 times lower detection limit of 2.09 µg/mL (3.12 pmol) with respect to unmodified pencil graphite electrode (GE). Moreover it is capable of analyzing mir‐21 in the cell lysates of mir‐21 positive breast cancer cell line (MCF‐7) contrast to mir‐21 negative hepatoma cell line (HUH‐7). The proposed electrochemical yes‐no system does not require any purification and/or amplification step prior to fast detection of mir‐21 from real samples.
Fabrication of Nickel Tetrasulfonated Phthalocyanine Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes on Activated Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Karuppiah Chelladurai , Devasenathipathy Rajkumar , Chen Shen‐Ming , Arulraj Danial , Palanisamy Selvakumar , Mani Veerappan , Vasantha V. S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite was prepared by a simple sonochemical method. Here, NiTsPc served as a dispersing agent for MWCNT via ππ interaction between MWCNT and NiTsPc. The activated glassy carbon electrode (AGCE) modified with MWCNT‐NiTsPc composite exhibited a good electrocatalytic ability toward dopamine and displayed a good linear dependence in the concentration range of 20 nM–1.384 mM with a sensitivity of 0.17 µA µM−1 cm−2. The detection limit is 1 nM based on the signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3.
Plant extract enhances the viability of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus acidophilus in probiotic nonfat yogurt
Authors: Michael Minto , Phebus Randall K. , Schmidt Karen A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA commercial plant extract (prepared from olive, garlic, onion and citrus extracts with sodium acetate (SA) as a carrier) was evaluated to extend the viability of yogurt starter and probiotic bacteria as a means to enhance the shelf life of live and active culture, probiotic nonfat yogurt. Yogurts prepared from three different formulas (0.5% plant extract, 0.25% SA, or no supplement) and cultures (yogurt starter plus Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, or both probiotics) were assessed weekly during 29 days of storage at 5°C. Supplemented yogurt mixes had greater buffering capacities than non‐supplemented yogurt mixes. At the end of storage, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and L. acidophilus counts in supplemented yogurts were greater compared with non‐supplemented yogurts. Supplementation did not affect Streptococcus thermophilus and B. animalis counts. Hence the greater buffering capacity of yogurt containing plant extract could enhance the longevity of the probiotics, L. bulgaricus and L. acidophilus, during storage.
South Asian older adults with memory impairment: improving assessment and access to dementia care
Authors: Giebel Clarissa M. , Zubair Maria , Jolley David , Bhui Kamaldeep Singh , Purandare Nitin , Worden Angela , Challis David 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveWith increasing international migration, mental health care of migrants and ethnic minorities is a public health priority. South Asian older adults experience difficulties in accessing services for memory impairment, dementia and mental illness. This review examines barriers and facilitators in the pathway to culturally appropriate mental health care.MethodsWeb of Knowledge, Pubmed and Ovid databases were searched for literature on South Asian older adults or their family carers, their understandings of mental illness and dementia and their pattern of service use. Dates were from 1984 to 2012. Abstracts were assessed for relevance, followed by detailed reading of salient papers. Three researchers rated the quality of each included study. A narrative synthesis was undertaken of extracted and charted data.ResultsEighteen studies met the eligibility criteria for the review. South Asians and health professionals highlighted several difficulties which deterred help seeking and access to care: a lack of knowledge of dementia and mental illness, and of local services; stigma; culturally preferred coping strategies; and linguistic and cultural barriers in communication and decision making.ConclusionsTo improve access for these groups, service users and providers need to be better informed; services need to be more culturally tailored, sometimes employing staff with similar cultural backgrounds; and health professionals can benefit from dementia education and knowledge of local services. These factors are key to the delivery of the National Dementia Strategy in England. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flavan‐3‐ols, anthocyanins, and inflammation
Authors: Mena Pedro , Domínguez‐Perles Raúl , Gironés‐Vilaplana Amadeo , Baenas Nieves , García‐Viguera Cristina , Villaño Débora 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe process of inflammation constitutes a reactive response of the organism to tissue damage and is an important factor making part of a number of degenerative pathologies as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, all of them comprised in the metabolic syndrome. There is an increasing interest in plant products rich in flavan‐3‐ols and anthocyanins because of their potential beneficial effects observed in epidemiological studies against inflammatory‐related diseases. Their anti‐inflammatory effects are exerted by modulation of cell redox status and inhibition of signaling pathways as NF‐κB activation. The effects depend on their concentrations in target tissues and hence the bioavailability pathways followed by each particular compound. In this sense, in vitro studies performed with parental compounds at doses exceeding to those found in vivo may be drawing erroneous conclusions about their real efficacy. Contradictory results have been observed in human intervention trials, which may be ascribed to the type of population studied, length of study, source of flavan‐3‐ol/anthocyanin, and dose provided. Human studies are required to confirm the positive effects found in vitro and in animal models. Future research should be focused on the understanding of dose/flavonoid intake–response relationship with pharmacokinetic studies, evaluating proper biomarkers of intake. Long‐term dietary interventions are necessary to observe effects on markers of late activation as well as the possible preventive effects of these compounds on long‐term inflammation‐related diseases. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(11):745–758, 2014
Successional Trajectory Over 10 Years of Vegetation Restoration of Abandoned Slope Croplands in the Hill‐Gully Region of the Loess Plateau
Authors: Kou Meng , Jiao Juying , Yin Qiulong , Wang Ning , Wang Zhijie , Li Yujin , Yu Weijie , Wei Yanhong , Yan Fangchen , Cao Binting 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRevegetation has been the primary management approach for solving the problems caused by severe soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. The objectives of this work were to explore the successional trajectory of the different types of restoration and discuss their potential effectiveness for the control of soil erosion. The presence and coverage of plants in 40 permanent plots were investigated during two periods (2003–2006 and 2013). The naturally and artificially revegetated communities studied in the two surveys were classified using two‐way indicator species analysis, and their relationships were analyzed using detrended correspondence analysis. Under natural revegetation, the communities succeed in the following order: annual plants → perennial plants → short rhizome tufts and subshrubs. Under artificial revegetation, succession was interrupted by artificial planting, and a Gramineae herb layer persisted through the years with few changes in species composition. Additionally, species richness, diversity, and evenness increased, while ecological dominance decreased during succession in both revegetation types. Succession rate was rapid at the initial stage and then slowed down gradually. Succession followed different trajectories under natural and artificial revegetation, and based on the potential effects of the two approaches on soil erosion and soil desiccation, we suggest that natural revegetation is preferable over artificial revegetation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of single‑photon emission from nitrogen‑vacancy centers with TiN/(Al,Sc)N hyperbolic metamaterial
Authors: Shalaginov Mikhail Y. , Vorobyov Vadim V. , Liu Jing , Ferrera Marcello , Akimov Alexey V. , Lagutchev Alexei , Smolyaninov Andrey N. , Klimov Vasily V. , Irudayaraj Joseph , Kildishev Alexander V. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Shalaev Vladimir M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe broadband enhancement of single‑photon emission from nitrogen‐vacancy centers in nanodiamonds coupled to a planar multilayer metamaterial with hyperbolic dispersion is studied experimentally. The metamaterial is fabricated as an epitaxial metal/dielectric superlattice consisting of CMOS‐compatible ceramics: titanium nitride (TiN) and aluminum scandium nitride (AlxSc1‐xN). It is demonstrated that employing the metamaterial results in significant enhancement of collected single‑photon emission and reduction of the excited‐state lifetime. Our results could have an impact on future CMOS‐compatible integrated quantum sources.
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An artificial boundary approach for unbounded transient seepage problems
Authors: Chen Biguang , Song Erxiang 
Published: December 2014

SummaryA new artificial boundary approach for transient seepage problems in unbounded domain is presented. The artificial boundary condition at the truncated boundary is derived from the analytical solutions for transient seepage problems in one dimension, including solutions, respectively, for flow in one‐dimensional infinite space and for radial flow in an infinite layer, and then it is tentatively applied for some two dimensional problems in addition to the one‐dimensional problems mentioned above. The boundary conditions derived relate the time‐dependent boundary flux with the time derivative of the hydraulic head at the truncated boundary, which makes the implementation much easier compared with the infinite element method. The accuracy and efficiency of the artificial boundary are validated by several numerical examples, which shows that the proposed boundary can give very good results for one‐dimensional transient seepage problems, as expected, whereas reasonable results can be also obtained for two‐dimensional problems, such as two‐dimensional axisymmetric flow and flow in an infinite plane. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mid‐infrared Fiber Optics for 1 — 18 μm Range
Authors: Artyushenko Viacheslav , Bocharnikov Alexey , Sakharova Tatiana , Usenov Iskander 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDevelopment of infrared (IR) fibers and hollow waveguides (HWGs) was in good progress to meet growing market demands for laser power delivery, flexible IR‐imaging and remote process‐spectroscopy in spectral range from 1 to 18 μm. Parameters of IR‐glass fibers, polycrystalline IR‐fibers (PIR‐fibers) from silver halides and HWGs are compared to enable optimal choice for the production of IR‐cables, spectroscopy probes and multispectral bundles (Fig. 1).
Enabling Endomicroscopy Using GRIN‐Microoptics
Authors: Messerschmidt Bernhard , Matz Gregor 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGradient‐index (GRIN) microlenses with their plane optical surfaces are frequently used to set up microoptical systems for a variety of microscopic imaging applications in an endoscopic environment where a flexible miniature imaging probe device is positioned at the tissue of interest. This may be a living organ of a patient in hospital accomplished via an endoscopic port, or a living tissue as part of an in‐vivo research investigation in a chronic disease development. Especially advantageous are the plane optical surfaces of the GRIN lenses allowing an easy integration and assembly with other plane optical components as prisms, beam splitters or fibers to form a rather complex imaging system in miniature size of a few millimeters without the need of optical refraction to an air space.
Chinese Laser Technology, Industry and Market
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Wang Jiayu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChina is playing an important role and nearly the largest market in laser industry. In China there are more than one thousand laser companies and four large laser industry clusters. National research institutes and universities provide laser technology and industry focuses mainly on the development of laser equipment and machine. The total revenue of laser material processing reached 40 billion Yuan (about 6.5 billion US Dollars) in 2013. This article gives a brief review of the current status and outlook of Chinese laser industry.
Rapid analysis of forensic samples using an atmospheric solid analysis probe interfaced to a linear ion trap mass spectrometer
Authors: Jagerdeo Eshwar , Clark Jay A. , Leibowitz Jeffrey N. , Reda Louis J. 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEThis paper highlights the simplicity of interfacing an Atmospheric Solid Analysis Probe (ASAP) to a Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer and shows that this technique can be used for the rapid generation of high‐quality data from a range of sample types with minimal or no sample preparation.METHODSFor a solid sample or surface deposit, the process entails rubbing a capillary melting tube a few times on the sample to transfer material to the capillary surface and then introducing it into the source of the mass spectrometer. Similarly, for a liquid sample, a capillary tube is dipped into the sample to just coat the surface or a few microliters may be applied to the tip of a capillary before being analyzed by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization in both positive and negative mode.RESULTSA rodenticide containing brodifacoum, black tar heroin and its impurities (morphine, codeine, noscapine, papaverine, and monoacetylmorphine), crack cocaine and 1‐methylaminoanthraquinone dyestuff were successfully analyzed directly without any sample preparation. All compounds were detected using full scan mass spectrometry (MS), followed by confirmation by MS/MS. Preliminary results suggest that this technique could be used for quantitation.CONCLUSIONSInterfacing the ASAP to an ion trap mass spectrometer allows the ability to perform full scan, MSn experiments, and rapid positive/negative switching from a single sample introduction. Because of these features, this instrument is very useful for rapid, routine analysis and for confirmation with the use of in‐house MS/MS libraries. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Toward the adaptation of component‐based architectures by model transformation: behind smart user interfaces
Authors: Criado Javier , Rodríguez‐Gracia Diego , Iribarne Luis , Padilla Nicolás 
Published: December 2014

SummaryGraphical user interfaces are not always developed for remaining static. There are GUIs with the need of implementing some variability mechanisms. Component‐based GUIs are an ideal target for incorporating this kind of operations, because they can adapt their functionality at run‐time when their structure is updated by adding or removing components or by modifying the relationships between them. Mashup user interfaces are a good example of this type of GUI, and they allow to combine services through the assembly of graphical components. We intend to adapt component‐based user interfaces for obtaining smart user interfaces. With this goal, our proposal attempts to adapt abstract component‐based architectures by using model transformation. Our aim is to generate at run‐time a dynamic model transformation, because the rules describing their behavior are not pre‐set but are selected from a repository depending on the context. The proposal describes an adaptation schema based on model transformation providing a solution to this dynamic transformation. Context information is processed to select at run‐time a rule subset from a repository. Selected rules are used to generate, through a higher‐order transformation, the dynamic model transformation. This approach has been tested through a case study which applies different repositories to the same architecture and context. Moreover, a web tool has been developed for validation and demonstration of its applicability. The novelty of our proposal arises from the adaptation schema that creates a non pre‐set transformation, which enables the dynamic adaptation of component‐based architectures. Copyright © 2014 Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sekundärneutralteilchen‐Massenspektrometrie (SNMS)
Authors: Passlack Sven , Kopnarski Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWegen ihres quantitativen Charakters und der erzielbaren hohen Tiefenauflösung ist insbesondere die Sekundärneutralteilchen‐Massenspektrometrie (SNMS) ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Charakterisierung von Pulvern, Stäuben und anderen Partikelproben. Es wird gezeigt, welchen Beitrag die Methode leisten und wie man bei der Analyse von Partikelproben vorgehen kann. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in das Messprinzip von SNMS erläutern wir anhand ausgewählter Beispiele einige Besonderheiten im Zusammenhang mit der Analyse von Partikelproben. Schließlich wird gezeigt, wie ohne Lateralauflösung sogar nanoskalige Partikel im Größenbereich von nur einigen Nanometern untersucht werden können.
Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium 5‐Chlorotetrazolate Dihydrate by Chlorination of 1H‐Tetrazole
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Liu Jiping , Wang Dong , Bi Xiaolu , Zhao Wei 
Published: December 2014

Abstract A convenient, simple work‐up procedure and low‐cost chlorination method was developed to prepare sodium 5‐chlorotetrazolate dihydrate by chlorination of self‐prepared 1H‐tetrazole with sodium hypochlorite solution. Several organic extracting solvents and factors (raw material ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time) were investigated to optimize the operating conditions of the chlorination procedure. These products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In addition, the thermal behaviors of the resulting sodium 5‐chlorotetrazolate dihydrate and sodium tetrazolate monohydrate were investigated and compared by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results indicated that the optimum chlorination conditions were a stoichiometric raw materials ratio of 1:12:12 (1H‐tetralzole : sodium hypochlorite solution : acetic acid solution), a reaction temperature of 55 °C, a reaction time of 6 h, affording a 92.76 % yield; moreover, acetone was determined to be the best extraction solvent in terms of yield and toxicity. Crystal data: sodium tetrazolate, orthorhombic, Pmc2(1), a = 5.847(4), b = 5.605(3), c = 6.387(4) Å, V = 209.3(2) Å3, Z = 2, ρ = 1.746 Mg·m–3; sodium 5‐chlorotetrazolate, orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 6.8611(19), b = 6.9243(19), c = 12.281(4) Å, V = 583.5(3) Å3, Z = 8, ρ = 1.850 Mg·m–3. Sodium tetrazolate has a melting point at 275.97 °C and an exothermic decomposition peak at 319.45 °C, whereas sodium 5‐chlorotetrazolate shows only a sharp exothermic peak at 237.33 °C due to violent decomposition without melting.
Strategic benefits of low fit brand extensions: When and why?
Authors: Chun HaeEun Helen , Park C. Whan , Eisingerich Andreas B. , MacInnis Deborah J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBrand extensions have the potential to both enhance liking of the brand extension and induce positive spillover effects on the parent brand. Such dual outcomes enhance the brand's growth potential. We propose and empirically demonstrate that three variables endemic to any brand extension decision (brand reputation, brand extension fit, brand extension benefit innovativeness) jointly impact these positive outcomes. For strong reputation brands, these dual outcomes are maximized when the brand extension is low in fit and offers innovative benefits because low fit motivates consumers to process innovative brand extension information more deeply. For weak reputation brands, these effects are maximized when the brand extension is high in fit and offers innovative benefits because high fit strengthens consumers' trust in the weak brand's ability to deliver promoted benefits. The results suggest two distinct brand growth strategies for strong and weak reputation brands respectively.
The Immediate Effect of Kinesiology Taping on Muscular Imbalance in the Lateral Flexors of the Neck in Infants: A Randomized Masked Study
Authors: Öhman Anna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the immediate effect of kinesiology taping (KT) on muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck.DesignRandomized controlled trial.ParticipantsTwenty‐nine infants with congenital muscular torticollis and muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck were chosen consecutively. In addition, 5 healthy infants with no signs of muscular imbalance in the neck were tested.MethodThe infants were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group had kinesiology taping applied on the affected side using the muscle‐relaxing technique. The healthy infants were tested both with and without kinesiology taping. The evaluator was blinded to whether the infants were or were not taped.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the change of Muscle Function Scale (MFS) scores between the groups (P < .0001). In the intervention group, there were significantly lower scores on the affected side that had been taped (P < .0001) and also significantly higher scores on the unaffected side (P = .01). There were no significant differences in the control group. For the healthy infants, with no imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck, there were no changes to the MFS scores regardless of whether the kinesiology tape was applied.ConclusionsFor infants with congenital muscular torticollis, kinesiology taping applied on the affected side had an immediate effect on the MFS scores for the muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck.