bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐cavitated carious lesions detection methods: a systematic review
Authors: Gomez Juliana , Tellez M. , Pretty I.A. , Ellwood R.P. , Ismail A.I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to critically appraise the performance of detection methods for non‐cavitated carious lesions (NCCLs). A detailed search of Medline (via OVID), the Cochrane Collaboration, Scielo and EMBASE identified 2054 publications. After title and abstract review by three investigators (JG, MT, AI), 124 publications were selected for further review. The final publications evaluated the following methods: Visual (V), Caries Lesion Activity Assessment (CLAA), Laser Fluorescence (LF), Radiographic (R), Fibre‐optic Transillumination (FOTI), Electrical Conductance (EC) and Quantitative Light‐induced Fluorescence (QLF). All included studies used histological assessment as a gold standard for in vitro studies or clinical/visual validation for the in vivo designs. They reported outcomes measures such as sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and reliability. Data were extracted from the selected studies independently by two reviewers and checked for errors. The quality of the studies was evaluated as described by Bader et al. (2002). Of the 124 articles, 42 were included that described 85 clinical assessments. Overall, the quality of evidence on detection methods was rated ‘poor’, except for EC that was rated ‘fair’. The SE rates were as follows: V (0.17–0.96), LF or DIAGNOdent (DD) (0.16–0.96), R (0.12–0.84), FOTI (0.21–0.96), EC (0.61–0.92) and QLF (0.82). The SP rates were as follows: V (0.46–1.0), LF (0.25–1.00), R (0.55–0.99), FOTI (0.74–0.88), EC (0.73–1.0) and QLF (0.92). There is a large variation in SE and SP values for methods and a lack of consistency in definition of disease and analytical methods. EC and QLF seem to be promising for detection of early lesions. For both cost and practicality considerations, visual methods should remain the standard for clinical assessment in dental practice.
The Caries Assessment and Treatment (CAST) instrument
Authors: Frencken Jo E. , de Souza Ana Luiza , van der Sanden Wil J.M. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Leal Soraya Coelho 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the ‘Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment’ (CAST) instrument, its origin and content, and to provide an example of how results can be reported.MethodsThe CAST instrument covers the complete range of stages of carious lesion progression: from no carious lesion, through caries protection (sealant) and lesion care (restoration) to lesions in enamel and dentine, the advanced stages of carious lesion progression in pulpal and its consequences on tooth‐surrounding tissue and tooth loss due to caries. Using the RAND modified e‐Delphi consensus method two independent panels, comprising a total of 56 epidemiologists from 27 countries, determined the face and content validity of CAST. Panellists assessed 17 statements related to the content, description, suitability and international use of CAST. Agreement of 75% or higher was required for reaching consensus on a statement. Construct validity and reliability testing of CAST have been carried out, but results are not yet available.ResultsAll 17 statements were approved by the panellists, who found the RAND modified e‐Delphi consensus method suitable for achieving consensus. The CAST codes were ordered hierarchically. External validity was obtained. Reporting using CAST can be performed for orally healthy dentitions and those having morbidity and mortality. A DMF score can easily be calculated from the CAST codes, thereby enabling retention of the use of existing DMF scores.ConclusionThe CAST instrument for use in epidemiological surveys is very promising. Face and content validation is obtained. Construct validity and reliability testing will be completed soon. A structure for reporting results in a comprehensive, pragmatic and easily understood way is being developed.
Postoperative Normalization of Left Ventricular Noncompaction and New Echocardiographic Signs in Aorta to Left Ventricular Tunnel
Authors: Malakan Rad Elaheh , Zeinaloo Ali Akbar 
Published: January 2013

We report postoperative normalization of left ventricular noncompaction in a neonate undergoing successful neonatal surgery for type II aorta to left ventricular tunnel (ALVT) associated with a large patent ductus arteriosus, floppy and extremely redundant anterior mitral leaflet, right coronary artery arising directly from the tunnel, and severe left ventricular noncompaction. We also described 2 novel echocardiographic findings in ALVT including “triple wavy line sign” on M‐mode echocardiography which disappeared 1 month after operation and “abnormally increased left ventricular posterior wall motion” on M‐mode of standard parasternal long‐axis view on color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) that also normalized postoperatively. We showed that proper definition of endocardial border is extremely important in strain and strain rate imaging in the context of left ventricular noncompaction. Preoperative longitudinal strain and strain rate were significantly decreased in comparison to radial strain and strain rate. Circumferential strain and strain rate were normal.
Updated ILAE evidence review of antiepileptic drug efficacy and effectiveness as initial monotherapy for epileptic seizures and syndromes
Authors: Glauser Tracy , Ben‐Menachem Elinor , Bourgeois Blaise , Cnaan Avital , Guerreiro Carlos , Kälviäinen Reetta , Mattson Richard , French Jacqueline A. , Perucca Emilio , Tomson Torbjorn ,   for the ILAE Subcommission on AED Guidelines
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe purpose of this report was to update the 2006 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) report and identify the level of evidence for long‐term efficacy or effectiveness for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) as initial monotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed or untreated epilepsy. All applicable articles from July 2005 until March 2012 were identified, evaluated, and combined with the previous analysis (Glauser et al., 2006) to provide a comprehensive update. The prior analysis methodology was utilized with three modifications: (1) the detectable noninferiority boundary approach was dropped and both failed superiority studies and prespecified noninferiority studies were analyzed using a noninferiority approach, (2) the definition of an adequate comparator was clarified and now includes an absolute minimum point estimate for efficacy/effectiveness, and (3) the relationship table between clinical trial ratings, level of evidence, and conclusions no longer includes a recommendation column to reinforce that this review of efficacy/evidence for specific seizure types does not imply treatment recommendations. This evidence review contains one clarification: The commission has determined that class I superiority studies can be designed to detect up to a 20% absolute (rather than relative) difference in the point estimate of efficacy/effectiveness between study treatment and comparator using an intent‐to‐treat analysis. Since July, 2005, three class I randomized controlled trials (RCT) and 11 class III RCTs have been published. The combined analysis (1940–2012) now includes a total of 64 RCTs (7 with class I evidence, 2 with class II evidence) and 11 meta‐analyses. New efficacy/effectiveness findings include the following: levetiracetam and zonisamide have level A evidence in adults with partial onset seizures and both ethosuximide and valproic acid have level A evidence in children with childhood absence epilepsy. There are no major changes in the level of evidence for any other subgroup. Levetiracetam and zonisamide join carbamazepine and phenytoin with level A efficacy/effectiveness evidence as initial monotherapy for adults with partial onset seizures. Although ethosuximide and valproic acid now have level A efficacy/effectiveness evidence as initial monotherapy for children with absence seizures, there continues to be an alarming lack of well designed, properly conducted epilepsy RCTs for patients with generalized seizures/epilepsies and in children in general. These findings reinforce the need for multicenter, multinational efforts to design, conduct, and analyze future clinically relevant adequately designed RCTs. When selecting a patient's AED, all relevant variables and not just efficacy and effectiveness should be considered.
Impaired Notch‐MKP‐1 signalling in hidradenitis suppurativa: an approach to pathogenesis by evidence from translational biology
Authors: Melnik Bodo C. , Plewig Gerd 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent findings in familial hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) demonstrated loss‐of‐function mutations of components of the γ‐secretase (GS) complex leading to decreased protease cleaving activity, which may compromise canonical Notch signalling. Appropriate Notch signalling is of pivotal importance for maintaining the inner and outer root sheath of the hair follicle and skin appendages. This viewpoint on the pathogenesis of HS is primarily supported by circumstantial evidence derived from translational biology. Impaired Notch signalling is proposed to be the major pathogenic mechanism of HS. Deficient Notch signalling switches the fate of outer root sheath cells, resulting in conversion of hair follicles to keratin‐enriched epidermal cysts. Impaired Notch signalling may compromise apocrine gland homoeostasis as well. Damage‐associated molecular pattern molecules released by either ruptured epidermal cysts exposing keratin fibres or altered structural components of less maintained apocrine glands may both stimulate TLR‐mediated innate immunity. All aggravating factors of HS, that is, smoking, obesity, skin occlusion, androgens and progesterone, may further promote inflammation by release of proinflammatory cytokines derived from activated monocyte/macrophages. Inappropriate Notch signalling may not only initiate inflammation in HS but may lead to insufficient feedback inhibition of overstimulated innate immunity. Regular Notch signalling via induction of MAPK phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) terminates TLR‐MAPK‐signalling in macrophages and IL‐23 secreting DCs, the key players for Th17 cell polarization. Thus, impaired Notch signalling links HS to other Th17‐driven comorbidities. All major therapeutic interventions in HS appear to attenuate increased MAPK activation of innate immune cells due to impaired Notch‐mediated feedback regulation of innate immunity.
Safety and efficacy of ureteroscopy after obstructive pyelonephritis treatment
Authors: Kanno Toru , Matsuda Ayumu , Sakamoto Hiromasa , Higashi Yoshihito , Yamada Hitoshi 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesAn obstructed, infected kidney combined with ureteral stones can be lethal, and requires urgent drainage and complete stone removal. However, the optimal method of stone removal, and its safety and efficacy have yet to be conclusively established. The aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of carrying out ureteroscopy after kidney drainage for septic patients with obstructing stones.MethodsFrom January 2004 to September 2011, 88 patients underwent stone removal by either ureteroscopy (n = 48) or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (n = 40) after drainage of obstructive pyelonephritis. Patients' characteristics were analyzed, and treatment outcomes between the ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy groups were compared. The outcomes of ureteroscopy carried out during the same period between patients with preoperative obstructive pyelonephritis and those without were also compared.ResultsObstructed, infected kidneys were decompressed with retrograde ureteral stenting, except for two and three cases treated with nephrostomy in the ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy groups, respectively. The severity of preoperative pyelonephritis was similar in both groups. Importantly, the success rate was 67.5% for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and 98% for ureteroscopy (P < 0.001). Likewise, the retreatment and auxiliary procedure rates were significantly greater in the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy group than in the ureteroscopy group (90% vs 0% and 32.5% vs 2%, respectively). Furthermore, patients treated by ureteroscopy with or without preoperative pyelonephritis had similar stone‐free and ureteroscopy complication rates (97% vs 93%, and 10% vs 12%).ConclusionsUreteroscopy after drainage of an obstructed infected kidney can be a safe and effective option, as it seems to not be associated with an increased risk of complications.
Cardiovascular aspects of psoriasis: an updated review
Authors: Pietrzak Aldona , Bartosińska Joanna , Chodorowska Graz̊yna , Szepietowski Jacek C. , Paluszkiewicz Piotr , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPsoriasis, a systemic inflammatory disease, is associated with enhanced atherosclerosis and risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, which may account for higher morbidity and mortality rates in psoriatic patients. It especially applies to younger psoriatic patients with more severe disease, reducing their life expectancy.The aim of the study was to review the literature on CV disease in psoriasis as well as the pathogenic mechanisms shared between psoriasis and atherosclerosis. Moreover, case–control and cohort studies published between 2006 and 2011 were selected for meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis indicates elevated risk of cardiovascular events in psoriatic patients in relation to non‐psoriatic controls (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.18–1.38).It is suggested that the treatment of the inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of both psoriasis and atherosclerosis may be beneficial in reducing the CV risk in psoriatic patients. Further in‐depth investigations, including prospective studies, are needed to enable more effective management of psoriatic patients in the future.
Organizational media choice in performance feedback: a multifaceted approach
Authors: Au Al K. C. , Chan Darius K‐S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study was designed to examine media choice in performance feedback, an organizational communication process that has been overlooked in the literature. Specifically, we adopted a multifaceted approach and examined how contextual variables in feedback, variables identified from media choice theories, and individual differences in media perception influenced selection of a medium to communicate performance information. A policy‐capturing survey was administered to 178 full‐time employees in Hong Kong. Participants read feedback scenarios and provided media preference ratings of face‐to‐face, telephone, electronic mail, and written communication. Results showed that the three facets jointly influenced media choice. Given that communication quality is partly determined by the medium selected, the present work sheds light on the understanding of initiation process in performance feedback.
Absent Voices: Modern Women Writers in Celtic Countries
Authors: Gish Nancy K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough Modern Studies has increasingly focused on international writers, little attention has been paid to the women writers of Celtic countries. This represents an absence of important and distinctive modern voices. More important, to study their work is to discover new, experimental, technically revolutionary, and culturally challenging responses to a changed world: in what has been called “the Celtic Fringe” of Scotland, Ireland, and Wales, a treasure trove of new work by women is now appearing. Especially in Scotland, an “efflorescence of Scots as a poetic medium” is now taking place. Yet early frameworks for defining modernism, which have remained, do not account for modern work developed in different cultural traditions and in the different languages of the United Kingdom. Thus we need to re‐examine the difficult, problematic language issues that shaped work by modern women writers in three distinct cultures within the UK. To sustain traditional modernist notions of aesthetic value is to miss the alternative values, sources, and linguistic intensities of modern and contemporary women writers from Celtic countries.
Gendered Transnationalism in “The New Modernist Studies”
Authors: Winkiel Laura 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis essay discusses the development of transnational scholarship in modernist studies and asks whether this development can amplify and enliven the sub‐field of women’s literature within modernist studies. It argues that transnational scholarship decenters Eurocentrist models of knowledge and history by tracing lateral networks among women writers that bypass the center‐periphery models of empire. It examines the recent transnational scholarship by Mary Lou Emery on Jean Rhys and Una Marson and concludes that a transnational ethic of reading demands that we hold contradictory and multiple perspectives in view at once. Such a mode of reading offers an important new lens for recovering women’s literature from both colony and metropole.
GLP‐1 analogue prevents NAFLD in ApoE KO mice with diet and Acrp30 knockdown by inhibiting c‐JNK
Authors: Zhang Lili , Yang Mengliu , Ren Hong , Hu Huaidong , Boden Guenther , Li Ling , Yang Gangyi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsLiraglutide, a Glucagon‐like peptide‐1(GLP‐1) analogue with 97% sequence identity to human GLP‐1, increases insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. Its effect on non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether liraglutide can protect against inflammatory stress by inhibiting activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase (JNK).MethodsApoE KO and adiponectin (Acrp30) knockdown mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) were treated with liraglutide (1 mg/kg, twice daily) for 8 weeks. Liver tissue was procured for histological examination, real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe results showed that the combination of HFD, Acrp30 knockdown and ApoE deficiency had additive effects on the development of insulin resistance (IR) and NAFLD. Administration of liraglutide prevented the development of HFD and hypoadiponectinaemia–induced IR and NAFLD in this model. Liraglutide also attenuated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines or transcription factor, including TNF‐α and NF‐κB65, and the expression of two lipogenesis‐related genes, Acetyl‐CoA Carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). These changes were accompanied by elevated plasma of Acrp30, increased Acrp30 mRNA, AMP Kinase phosphorylation, and decreased mitogen‐activated protein kinase 4 (MKK4) mRNA expression and JNK phosphorylation.ConclusionsOur study also showed potent inhibitory effects of liraglutide on MKK4/JNK signalling which may be a mechanism for the observed improved insulin sensitivity and inflammatory stress induced by HFD and hypoadiponectinaemia.
Panel of real‐time PCRs for the multiplexed detection of two tomato‐infecting begomoviruses and their cognate whitefly vector species
Authors: van Brunschot S. L. , Gambley C. F. , De Barro P. J. , Grams R. , Thomas J. E. , Henderson J. , Drenth A. , Geering A. D. W. 
Published: January 2013

A new approach for the simultaneous identification of the viruses and vectors responsible for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) epidemics is presented. A panel of quantitative multiplexed real‐time PCR assays was developed for the sensitive and reliable detection of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus‐Israel (TYLCV‐IL), Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV), Bemisia tabaci Middle East Asia Minor 1 species (MEAM1, B biotype) and B. tabaci Mediterranean species (MED, Q biotype) from either plant or whitefly samples. For quality‐assurance purposes, two internal control assays were included in the assay panel for the co‐amplification of solanaceous plant DNA or B. tabaci DNA. All assays were shown to be specific and reproducible. The multiplexed assays were able to reliably detect as few as 10 plasmid copies of TYLCV‐IL, 100 plasmid copies of ToLCV, 500 fg B. tabaci MEAM1 and 300 fg B. tabaci MED DNA. Evaluated methods for routine testing of field‐collected whiteflies are presented, including protocols for processing B. tabaci captured on yellow sticky traps and for bulking of multiple B. tabaci individuals prior to DNA extraction. This work assembles all of the essential features of a validated and quality‐assured diagnostic method for the identification and discrimination of tomato‐infecting begomovirus and B. tabaci vector species in Australia. This flexible panel of assays will facilitate improved quarantine, biosecurity and disease‐management programmes both in Australia and worldwide.
Preferential responses to extinguished face stimuli are preserved in frontal and occipito‐temporal cortex at initial but not later stages of processing
Authors: Steinberg Christian , Bröckelmann Ann‐Kathrin , Dobel Christian , Elling Ludger , Zwanzger Peter , Pantev Christo , Junghöfer Markus 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMagnetoencephalographic correlates of rapid emotional responses (50–80 ms) in frontal and occipito‐temporal regions have recently been reported using a novel MultiCS Conditioning paradigm with odor‐conditioned faces. As those short‐latency responses were supposed to partially reflect initial access to nonextinguished emotional memories, it could be predicted that they outlast the extinction phase. To test this hypothesis, appetitively and aversively odor‐conditioned faces were frequently presented during extinction while event‐related magnetic fields were recorded. Affect‐specific responses in frontal and occipito‐temporal areas were found in the early (50–80 ms) but not in the later (130–190 ms) time interval following extinction learning. These results suggest that previously acquired emotional memories can be accessed at initial processing stages but become ineffective in modulating processing at later stages as extinction proceeds.
Sensory suppression effects to self‐initiated sounds reflect the attenuation of the unspecific N1 component of the auditory ERP
Authors: Sanmiguel Iria , Todd Juanita , Schröger Erich 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe suppression of the auditory N1 event‐related potential (ERP) to self‐initiated sounds became a popular tool to tap into sensory‐specific forward modeling. It is assumed that processing in the auditory cortex is attenuated due to a match between sensory stimulation and a specific sensory prediction afforded by a forward model of the motor command. The present study shows that N1 suppression was dramatically increased with long (∼3 s) stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA), whereas P2 suppression was equal in all SOA conditions (0.8, 1.6, 3.2 s). Thus, the P2 was found to be more sensitive to self‐initiation effects than the N1 with short SOAs. Moreover, only the unspecific but not the sensory‐specific N1 components were suppressed for self‐initiated sounds suggesting that N1‐suppression effects mainly reflect an attenuated orienting response. We argue that the N1‐suppression effect is a rather indirect measure of sensory‐specific forward models.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First Isolate of Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Malaysia
Authors: Ng Kee Peng , Yew Su Mei , Chan Chai Ling , Chong Jennifer , Tang Soo Nee , Soo-Hoo Tuck Soon , Na Shiang Ling , Hassan Hamimah , Ngeow Yun Fong , Hoh Chee Choong , Lee Kok Wei , Yee Wai Yan 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

The emergence of the global threat of extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
reveals weaknesses in tuberculosis management and diagnostic services. We report the draft genome sequence of the first extensively drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain isolated in Malaysia. The sequence was also compared against a reference strain to elucidate the polymorphism that is related to their extensive resistance.