bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein‐induced hypercalcemia due to osteosarcoma in a cat
Authors: Yuki Masashi , Nitta Makiko , Omachi Tetsuo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA 15‐year‐old castrated male mixed‐breed cat was presented with a history of sarcoma of the distal right hind limb. Biochemical analysis revealed increased concentrations of blood urea, creatinine, total calcium, ionized calcium, and parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP). The mass was removed surgically by amputation of the hind limb. Osteosarcoma was diagnosed based on histopathologic examination. All abnormal serum analyte concentrations improved immediately after surgery, including azotemia, total calcium, ionized calcium, andPTHrP. The biochemical results were attributed to osteosarcoma causingPTHrP‐induced hypercalcemia.
Rod electrical coupling is controlled by a circadian clock and dopamine in mouse retina
Authors: Jin Nan Ge , Chuang Alice Z. , Masson Philippe J. , Ribelayga Christophe P. 
Published: January 2015

Key points
Rod photoreceptors play a key role in vision in dim light; in the mammalian retina, although rods are anatomically connected or coupled by gap junctions, a type of electrical synapse, the functional importance and regulation of rod coupling has remained elusive.
We have developed a new technique in the mouse: perforated patch‐clamp recording of rod inner segments in isolated intact retinae maintained by superfusion.
We find that rod electrical coupling is controlled by a circadian clock and dopamine, and is weak during the day and stronger at night.
The results also indicate that the signal‐to‐noise ratio for a dim light response is increased at night because of coupling.
Our observations will provide a framework for understanding the daily variations in human vision as well as the basis of specific retinal malfunctions.
AbstractRod single‐photon responses are critical for vision in dim light. Electrical coupling via gap junction channels shapes the light response properties of vertebrate photoreceptors, but the regulation of rod coupling and its impact on the single‐photon response have remained unclear. To directly address these questions, we developed a perforated patch‐clamp recording technique and recorded from single rod inner segments in isolated intact neural mouse retinae, maintained by superfusion. Experiments were conducted at different times of the day or under constant environmental conditions, at different times across the circadian cycle. We show that rod electrical coupling is regulated by a circadian clock and dopamine, so that coupling is weak during the day and strong at night. Altogether, patch‐clamp recordings of single‐photon responses in mouse rods, tracer coupling, receptive field measurements and pharmacological manipulations of gap junction and dopamine receptor activity provide compelling evidence that rod coupling is modulated in a circadian manner. These data are consistent with computer modelling. At night, single‐photon responses are smaller due to coupling, but the signal‐to‐noise ratio for a dim (multiphoton) light response is increased at night because of signal averaging between coupled rods.
Vascular effects of aerobic exercise training in rat adult offspring exposed to hypoxia‐induced intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Reyes Laura M. , Morton Jude S. , Kirschenman Raven , DeLorey Darren S. , Davidge Sandra T. 
Published: January 2015

Key points
Prenatal hypoxia, one of the most common consequences of complicated pregnancies, leads to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and impairs later‐life endothelium‐dependent vascular function.
Early interventions are needed to ultimately reduce later‐life risk for cardiovascular disease.
Aerobic exercise training has been shown to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Whether exercise can be used as an intervention to reverse the vascular phenotype of this susceptible population is unknown.
Aerobic exercise training enhanced endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization‐mediated vasodilatation in gastrocnemius muscle arteries in male IUGR offspring, and did not improve nitric oxide‐mediated vasodilatation in IUGR offspring.
Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise impacts the cardiovascular system in a susceptible population and the consideration of sexual dimorphism is essential to define whether exercise could be used as a preventive strategy in this population.
AbstractHypoxia in utero is a critical insult causing intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Adult offspring born with hypoxia‐induced IUGR have impaired endothelium‐dependent vascular function. We tested whether aerobic exercise improves IUGR‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to control (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (11% oxygen) conditions from gestational day 15 to 21. Male and female offspring from normoxic and hypoxic (IUGR) pregnancies were randomized at 10 weeks of age to either an exercise‐trained or sedentary group. Exercise‐trained rats ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 20 m min−1, 5 deg gradient, 5 days week−1, for 6 weeks. Concentration–response curves to phenylephrine and methylcholine were performed in second order mesenteric and gastrocnemius muscle arteries, in the presence or absence of l‐NAME (100 μm), MnTBAP (peroxynitrite scavenger; 10 μm), apamin (0.1 μm) and TRAM‐34 (an intermediate‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel blocker; 10 μm), or indomethacin (5 μm). In adult male IUGR offspring, prenatal hypoxia had no effect on total vasodilator responses in either vascular bed. Aerobic exercise training in IUGR males, however, improved endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization (EDH)‐mediated vasodilatation in gastrocnemius muscle arteries. Female IUGR offspring had reduced NO‐mediated vasodilatation in both vascular beds, along with decreased total vasodilator responses and increased prostaglandin‐mediated vasoconstriction in gastrocnemius muscle arteries. In contrast to males, aerobic exercise training in IUGR female offspring had no effect on either vascular bed. Exercise may not prove to be a beneficial therapy for specific vascular pathways affected by prenatal hypoxia, particularly in female offspring.
It’s A-bout Time: Detailed Patterns of Physical Activity in Obese Adolescents Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention
Authors: Howie Erin Kaye , Olds Timothy , McVeigh Joanne A. , Abbott Rebecca A. , Straker Leon 
Published: January 2015

Background:The detailed patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors of overweight and obese adolescents are unknown, but may be important for health outcomes and targeted intervention design.Methods:Participants completed Curtin University’s Activity, Food and Attitudes Program (CAFAP), an 8-week intervention with 12 months of maintenance intervention. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed at 6 time periods with accelerometers and were analyzed by 1) time and type of day, 2) intensity bout patterns using exposure variation analysis, and 3) individual case analysis.Results:Participants (n = 56) spent a lower percentage of time at baseline in light activity during school days compared with weekend days (24.4% vs 29.0%, P = .004). The majority of time was in long uninterrupted sedentary bouts of greater than 30 minutes (26.7% of total time, 36.8% of sedentary time at baseline). Moderate activity was accumulated in short bouts of less than 5 minutes (3.1% of total time, 76.0% moderate time). Changes varied by individuals.Conclusions:Exposure variation analysis revealed specific changes in activity patterns in overweight and obese adolescents who participated in a lifestyle intervention. A better understanding of these patterns can help to design interventions that meaningfully affect specific behaviors, with unique health consequences.
Draft Genome Sequence and Gene Annotation of the Entomopathogenic Fungus
Verticillium hemipterigenum
Authors: Horn Fabian , Habel Andreas , Scharf Daniel H. , Dworschak Jan , Brakhage Axel A. , Guthke Reinhard , Hertweck Christian , Linde Jörg 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Verticillium hemipterigenum
(anamorph
Torrubiella hemipterigena
) is an entomopathogenic fungus and produces a broad range of secondary metabolites. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the fungus, including gene structure and functional annotation. Genes were predicted incorporating RNA-Seq data and functionally annotated to provide the basis for further genome studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Cryophilic Basidiomycetous Yeast
Mrakia blollopis
SK-4, Isolated from an Algal Mat of Naga-ike Lake in the Skarvsnes Ice-Free Area, East Antarctica
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Kudoh Sakae , Hoshino Tamotsu 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Mrakia blollopis
strain SK-4 was isolated from an algal mat of Naga-ike, a lake in Skarvsnes, East Antarctica. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of M. blollopis SK-4. This is the first report on the genome sequence of any cold-adapted fungal species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Spirochaeta sp. Strain JC202, an Endosymbiont of the Termite (Isoptera) Gut
Authors: Tushar L. , Sravanthi T. , Sasikala C. , Ramana C. V. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
We announce here the draft genome sequence of Spirochaeta sp. strain JC202 isolated from gut of a termite (Isoptera). The genome suggests that Spirochaeta sp. JC202 has the capability for natural conjugation with the help of fimbriae and pili. Experimental evidence and the genome sequence suggest that strain JC202 is capable of producing colicin V and a bacteriocin group of peptides in a specific interaction.
Socioeconomic variation in the incidence of childhood coeliac disease in the UK
Authors: Zingone Fabiana , West Joe , Crooks Colin J , Fleming Kate M , Card Timothy R , Ciacci Carolina , Tata Laila J 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundSerological studies indicate that evidence of coeliac disease (CD) exists in about 1% of all children, but we lack estimates of current diagnostic patterns among children and how they vary by socioeconomic group.MethodsWe identified all children aged 0–18 years between 1993 and 2012 who were registered with general practices across the UK that contribute to a large population-based general practice database. The incidence of CD was evaluated in each quintile of the Townsend index of deprivation and stratified by age, sex, country and calendar year.ResultsAmong 2 063 421 children, we identified 1247 CD diagnoses, corresponding to an overall CD incidence of 11.9 per 100 000 person-years, which was similar across the UK countries and higher in girls than in boys. We found a gradient of CD diagnosis across socioeconomic groups, with the rate of diagnosis being 80% higher in children from the least-deprived areas than in those from the most-deprived areas (incident rate ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.45 to 2.22). This pattern held for both boys and girls and across all ages. Across all four countries of the UK, we found similar associations between CD and socioeconomic status. While CD incidence up to age 2 remained stable over the study period, diagnoses at older ages have almost tripled over the past 20 years.ConclusionsChildren living in less socioeconomically deprived areas in the UK are more likely to be diagnosed with CD. Increased implementation of diagnostic guidelines could result in better case identification in more-deprived areas.
Beneficial Outcome of Losartan Therapy Depends on Type of
FBN1
Mutation in Marfan Syndrome
Authors: Franken Romy , den Hartog Alexander W. , Radonic Teodora , Micha Dimitra , Maugeri Alessandra , van Dijk Fleur S. , Meijers-Heijboer Hanne E. , Timmermans Janneke , Scholte Arthur J. , van den Berg Maarten P. , Groenink Maarten , Mulder Barbara J.M. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , de Waard Vivian , Pals Gerard 
Published: January 2015

Background—
It has been shown that losartan reduces aortic dilatation in patients with Marfan syndrome. However, treatment response is highly variable. This study investigates losartan effectiveness in genetically classified subgroups.

Methods and Results—

In this predefined substudy of COMPARE, Marfan patients were randomized to daily receive losartan 100 mg or no losartan. Aortic root dimensions were measured by MRI at baseline and after 3 years.
FBN1
mutations were classified based on fibrillin-1 protein effect into (1) haploinsufficiency, decreased amount of normal fibrillin-1, or (2) dominant negative, normal fibrillin-1 abundance with mutant fibrillin-1 incorporated in the matrix. A pathogenic
FBN1
mutation was found in 117 patients, of whom 79 patients were positive for a dominant negative mutation (67.5%) and 38 for a mutation causing haploinsufficiency (32.5%). Baseline characteristics between treatment groups were similar. Overall, losartan significantly reduced aortic root dilatation rate (no losartan, 1.3±1.5 mm/3 years, n=59 versus losartan, 0.8±1.4 mm/3 years, n=58;
P
=0.009). However, losartan reduced only aortic root dilatation rate in haploinsufficient patients (no losartan, 1.8±1.5 mm/3 years, n=21 versus losartan 0.5±0.8 mm/3 years, n=17;
P
=0.001) and not in dominant negative patients (no losartan, 1.2±1.7 mm/3 years, n=38 versus losartan 0.8±1.3 mm/3 years, n=41;
P
=0.197).

Conclusions—

Marfan patients with haploinsufficient
FBN1
mutations seem to be more responsive to losartan therapy for inhibition of aortic root dilatation rate compared with dominant negative patients. Additional treatment strategies are needed in Marfan patients with dominant negative
FBN1
mutations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/index.asp
; Unique Identifier: NTR1423.
Optical Coherence Tomographic Observation of In-Stent Neoatherosclerosis in Lesions With More Than 50% Neointimal Area Stenosis After Second-Generation Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Lee Seung-Yul , Hur Seung-Ho , Lee Sang-Gon , Kim Sang-Wook , Shin Dong-Ho , Kim Jung-Sun , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Ko Young-Guk , Choi Donghoon , Jang Yangsoo , Hong Myeong-Ki 
Published: January 2015

Background—
Despite the enhanced properties of the second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES), its association with neoatherosclerosis has not been sufficiently evaluated. Therefore, we sought to evaluate and compare neoatherosclerosis in second-generation DESs to first-generation DESs.

Methods and Results—

A total of 212 DES-treated patients with >50% percent neointimal cross-sectional area stenosis were retrospectively enrolled from the Korean multicenter optical coherence tomography (OCT) registry. Within this population, 111 patients had a second-generation DES (40 zotarolimus, 36 everolimus, and 35 biolimus) and 101 patients had a first-generation (65 sirolimus and 36 paclitaxel) DES. Neoatherosclerosis on OCT was defined as neointima formation with the presence of lipids or calcification. OCT-determined neoatherosclerosis was identified in 27.4% (58/212) of all DES-treated lesions. The frequency of neoatherosclerosis increased with the stent age. Stent age was shorter in the second-generation DES group (12.4 months versus 55.4 months,
P
<0.001), and neoatherosclerosis was less frequently observed in that group (10.8% versus 45.5%,
P
<0.001). However, after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, chronic kidney disease (odds ratio, 4.113; 95% confidence interval, 1.086–15.575;
P
=0.037), >70 mg/dL of low-density cholesterol at follow-up OCT (odds ratio, 2.532; 95% confidence interval, 1.054–6.084;
P
=0.038), and stent age (odds ratio, 1.710; 95% confidence interval, 1.403–2.084;
P
<0.001) were all independent predictors for neoatherosclerosis, whereas the type of DES (first- versus second-generation) was not. Patients with neoatherosclerosis showed a higher rate of acute coronary syndrome at follow-up OCT (19.0% versus 3.9%, respectively,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions—
The second-generation DES is not more protective against neoatherosclerosis compared with the first-generation DES.
Neurological Complications and Outcomes in the Berlin Heart EXCOR
®
Pediatric Investigational Device Exemption Trial
Authors: Jordan Lori C. , Ichord Rebecca N. , Reinhartz Olaf , Humpl Tilman , Pruthi Sumit , Tjossem Christine , Rosenthal David N. 
Published: January 2015

Background

The Berlin Heart
EXCOR
®
ventricular assist device has been approved for use in the United States as a bridge to heart transplantation in children. We sought to characterize neurological events in children supported with the Berlin Heart
EXCOR
®
device.

Methods and Results

The multicenter prospective cohort consisted of all 204 children implanted with the Berlin Heart
EXCOR
®
device at 47 centers in North America between May 2007 and December 2010. There were 73 neurological events in 59 patients, with 29% of the cohort experiencing ≥1 neurological event. Events included 52 strokes in 43 patients (21% of the cohort). The neurological event rate was 0.51 events per 100 patient‐days. Many of the neurological events occurred early in the course of support, with 30 events recorded during the first 14 days of support. The mortality rate in participants with at least 1 neurological event was 42% (25 of 59), significantly higher than the 18% mortality rate (26 of 145) for those who did not have a neurological event (
P
=0.0006). Risk‐factor analysis did not identify significant preimplantation predictors of neurological injury.

Conclusions

Of children treated with the Berlin Heart
EXCOR
®
device as a bridge to transplant, 29% experienced at least 1 neurological event. The majority of neurological events were ischemic strokes, and many of those occurred early in the course of support. Neurological injury was the leading cause of death after implantation of the Berlin Heart
EXCOR
®
device. Risk stratification for stroke or neurological injury is not possible based on baseline preimplantation characteristics.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier:
NCT
00583661.
Genetic diversity and differentiation in the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus (Miers, 1876) (Decapoda, Brachyura) along the coast of China based on fluorescent AFLP markers: implications for conservation and genetic improvement
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Dong Zhiguo , Su Hongbo , Zhang Qingqi , Gao Huan , Yan Binlun 
Published: January 2015

Using fluorescent AFLP-markers, the genetic diversity and structure of six geographical populations of the swimming crab,Portunus trituberculatus(Miers, 1876), from the coast of China were analysed to assess their genetic resource state. Eight primer combinations generated 925 loci among 85 individuals, and revealed a high polymorphism within these populations that varied from 57.41% (Zhoushan population) to 76.86% (Dalian population). According to the combination of percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) and Shannon’s information index (I), the populations from Zhangzhou, Dongying and Dalian showed more genetic variation than the Lianyungang, Zhanjiang and Zhoushan populations. The gene flow () and across all populations overall were 1.935 and 0.205, respectively, showing moderate genetic differentiation. Differentiation was highest in the Zhoushan and Zhanjiang populations, and the geographical distribution and UPGMA cluster tree were not fully accordant. Neutrality test results revealed that the Zhangzhou population faced a smaller selective pressure than the other five populations (). In general, a high genetic diversity among theP. trituberculatuspopulations was observed along the coast of China, especially in the Zhangzhou, Dongying, Dalian and Lianyungang populations, while a pronounced level () of genetic differentiation has occurred between the Zhoushan population and the other populations. Therefore, these findings have the following implications for conservation and genetic improvement: (1) high diversity levels and good genetic resources, especially in the Zhangzhou population, which could lay the foundations for breeding research and genetic improvement; (2) the importance of preventing species escape and gene pool contamination in ex-situ conservation and species introduction programs in the Zhoushan population.
Sensitivity of C-Band Polarimetric Radar–Based Drop Size Estimates to Maximum Diameter
Authors: Carey Lawrence D. , Petersen Walter A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEstimating raindrop size has been a long-standing objective of polarimetric radar–based precipitation retrieval methods. The relationship between the differential reflectivity Zdr and the median volume diameter D0 is typically derived empirically using raindrop size distribution observations from a disdrometer, a raindrop physical model, and a radar scattering model. Because disdrometers are known to undersample large raindrops, the maximum drop diameter Dmax is often an assumed parameter in the rain physical model. C-band Zdr is sensitive to resonance scattering at drop diameters larger than 5 mm, which falls in the region of uncertainty for Dmax. Prior studies have not accounted for resonance scattering at C band and Dmax uncertainty in assessing potential errors in drop size retrievals. As such, a series of experiments are conducted that evaluate the effect of Dmax parameterization on the retrieval error of D0 from a fourth-order polynomial function of C-band Zdr by varying the assumed Dmax through the range of assumptions found in the literature. Normalized bias errors for estimating D0 from C-band Zdr range from −8% to 15%, depending on the postulated error in Dmax. The absolute normalized bias error increases with C-band Zdr, can reach 10% for Zdr as low as 1–1.75 dB, and can increase from there to values as large as 15%–45% for larger Zdr, which is a larger potential bias error than is found at S and X band. Uncertainty in Dmax assumptions and the associated potential D0 retrieval errors should be noted and accounted for in future C-band polarimetric radar studies.
Bridging Past and Future Climate across Paleoclimatic Reconstructions, Observations, and Models: A Hydroclimate Case Study
Authors: Smerdon Jason E. , Cook Benjamin I. , Cook Edward R. , Seager Richard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPotential biases in tree-ring reconstructed Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) are evaluated using Thornthwaite (TH), Penman–Monteith (PM), and self-calibrating Penman–Monteith (SC) PDSI in three diverse regions of the United States and tree-ring chronologies from the North American drought atlas (NADA). Minimal differences are found between the three PDSI reconstructions and all compare favorably to independently reconstructed Thornthwaite-based PDSI from the NADA. Reconstructions are bridged with model-derived PDSI_TH and PDSI_PM, which both closely track modeled soil moisture (near surface and full column) during the twentieth century. Differences between modeled moisture-balance metrics only emerge in twenty-first-century projections. These differences confirm the tendency of PDSI_TH to overestimate drying when temperatures exceed the range of the normalization interval; the more physical accounting of PDSI_PM compares well with modeled soil moisture in the projection interval. Remaining regional differences in the secular behavior of projected soil moisture and PDSI_PM are interpreted in terms of underlying physical processes and temporal sampling. Results demonstrate the continued utility of PDSI as a metric of surface moisture balance while additionally providing two recommendations for future work: 1) PDSI_PM (or similar moisture-balance metrics) compare well to modeled soil moisture and are an appropriate means of representing soil-moisture balance in model simulations and 2) although PDSI_PM is more physically appropriate than PDSI_TH, the latter metric does not bias tree-ring reconstructions of past hydroclimate variability and, as such, reconstructions targeting PDSI_TH can be used with confidence in data–model comparisons. These recommendations and the collective results of this study thus provide a framework for comparing hydroclimate variability within paleoclimatic, observational, and modeled data.