bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of best performance evaluation indicators based on value‐based healthcare for general hospital nursing: A Delphi study
Authors: He Wenbo , Du Liang , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo establish and validate a set of best nursing practice indicators for medical groups in Chinese general hospitals based on value‐based healthcare (VBHC) theory.DesignA modified Delphi method.MethodsThis study engaged experienced clinical nurses from public hospitals and multidisciplinary experts in operations management. Through a literature review and structured brainstorming, a comprehensive framework for assessing best nursing practices in Chinese general hospital medical groups was developed. A modified Delphi method was then employed to establish an indicator framework, followed by the Combined Empowerment‐MABAC method to weight and validate the indicators using empirical data collected between June 2023 and October 2023. The CREDES checklist guided the reporting of this study.ResultsSixteen experts, each with at least 10 years of experience in nurse management from nine healthcare organizations, participated in two rounds of consultation. The experts' responses and suggestions for rewording, deleting and adding items were incorporated into each round. Of the 34 proposed indicators, 25 were approved, covering healthcare service capacity, efficiency, quality and safety, patient experience and cost.ConclusionThe Delphi survey reached a consensus on necessary actions to improve nursing performance. The developed indicator system provides a foundational framework for standardizing the monitoring of care quality and performance assessment in Chinese clinical healthcare groups, with broad applicability.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study provides a reliable basis for developing a nursing performance assessment database, offering crucial insights for measuring quality of care and improving patient value.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Dental prosthesis plaque index of Augsburger and Elahi: Expansion and standardisation in community‐dwelling frail older people
Authors: Ho Bach Van , van der Maarel‐Wierink Claar Debora , van der Craats Elinoor , Weijenberg Roxane Anthea Francesca , Lobbezoo Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInadequate daily oral hygiene care of dental prostheses could worsen general health of frail older people. The index of Augsburger and Elahi is often recommended to assess maxillary dental prosthesis plaque (DPP).ObjectiveTo assess the reliability of an expanded and standardised DPP index of Augsburger and Elahi in trained and untrained examiners, and to determine the applicability of the index in community‐dwelling frail older people.MethodsTen community‐dwelling frail older persons with complete and partial removable dental prostheses (RDPs) (mean ± SD age = 87.9 ± 8.4 years) participated. Seven persons were revisited after 3 months. The index was expanded with mandibular RDPs. Standardisation was achieved with a specially designed reference sheet. The RDPs were photographed after plaque colouring. Two trained examiners scored the photographs; thereafter, two untrained examiners. One trained examiner scored the photographs again after 3 weeks. Changes in DPP over the 3‐month period were assessed with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Inter‐ and intra‐examiner reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).ResultsThe DPP scores did not change significantly over time (Z = −0.594, p = 0.553). Inter‐examiner reliability was excellent in the trained examiners (ICC = 0.859–0.947), and fair‐to‐good in the untrained examiners (ICC = 0.671–0.703). Intra‐examiner reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.941–0.962).ConclusionThe proposed expansion and standardisation of the DPP index has an excellent inter‐ and intra‐examiner reliability when performed by trained examiners, and a fair‐to‐good inter‐examiner reliability by untrained examiners. Therefore, the index could be recommended for application in dental prostheses‐wearing older persons and could be useful for awareness and education of professional and informal caregivers and the older persons themselves.Trail RegistrationThe Netherlands Trail Register NTR6159.
Policy rules and political polarization
Authors: Hefeker Carsten , Neugart Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe develop a model to analyze policymakers' incentives to install policy rules, comparing the case of no rule with a binding and a contingent policy rule that allows policymakers to suspend the rule in response to a sufficiently large shock. First, abstracting from political polarization, we show that the choice of the policy rule depends on policymakers' policy targets. Depending on the policy target, there is an unambiguous ranking going from a no‐rule regime to a contingent rule to a binding rule. Next, allowing for political polarization, the incentive to install the different types of rules changes with political polarization between different policymakers and their probability of being elected into office. Increasing political polarization when there is a sufficiently high election probability for policymakers with a high policy target increases the preference for more binding policy rules. It also leads to stricter rules in a contingent rule regime.
Rural–urban disparities in cardiovascular disease mortality vary by poverty level and region
Authors: Sekkarie Ahlia , Woodruff Rebecca C. , Casper Michele , Thompson‐Paul Angela M , Vaughan Adam S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo examine rural and urban disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates by poverty level and region.MethodsUsing 2021 county‐level population and mortality data for CVD deaths listed as the underlying cause among adults aged 35–64 years, we calculated age‐standardized CVD death rates and rate ratios (RR) for 4 categories of counties: high‐poverty rural, high‐poverty urban, low‐poverty rural, and low‐poverty urban (referent). Results are presented nationally and by US Census region.FindingsRural and urban disparities in CVD mortality varied markedly by poverty and region. Nationally, the CVD death rate was highest among high‐poverty rural areas (191 deaths per 100,000, RR: 1.76, CI: 1.73–1.78). By region, Southern high‐poverty rural areas had the highest CVD death rate (256 deaths per 100,000) and largest disparity relative to low‐poverty urban areas (RR: 2.05; CI: 2.01–2.09). In the Midwest and West, CVD death rates among high‐poverty areas were higher than low‐poverty areas, regardless of rural or urban classification.ConclusionsResults reinforce the importance of prioritizing high‐poverty rural areas, especially in the South, in efforts to reduce CVD mortality. These efforts may need to consider socioeconomic conditions and region, in addition to rural and urban disparities.
Can Preferences for Redistribution Explain the Impact of Austerity on Political Participation? Evidence from the UK
Authors: Justino Patricia , Martorano Bruno , Metzger Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany European countries introduced austerity policies to control rising debt in the wake of the Great Recession of the late 2000s. Recent research suggests that austerity fuelled political polarization, instability, and populism in Europe. However, the motives behind citizens' responses to austerity are not well understood. Using the case of the UK, we study whether preferences for redistribution drive the effect of austerity on political participation in the form of voting, appealing for reform with the government, and protesting. Based on experimental and observational data, we show that individual exposure to austerity increases voting and appealing for reform with the government but not protesting, and changes people's preferences for redistribution. The experimental data show that being exposed to austerity is associated with a 0.128 and a 0.096 unit increase in voting and appealing for reform, respectively. The data also show that exposure to austerity increases preferences for taxing higher incomes and spending more on welfare and social security. This change in preferences explains between 8% and 11% of the effect of exposure to austerity on political participation.
Metal‐free functionalized carbon nitride as a photocatalyst driven by sunlight for acetal synthesis and selective regeneration of NAD(P)H cofactor
Authors: Mishra Shaifali , Yadav Rajesh K. , Mishra Dinesh K. , Kumar Kuldeep , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Singh Kuldeep , Gothwal Satyaveer , Baeg Jin‐OoK 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAD(P)H) plays an important role in numerous biologically significant redox reactions. The photochemical restoration of its oxidized form (NAD(P)+) under physiological conditions is intriguing in the context of integrated photo and catalysis. Herein, we report the functionalized graphitic carbon‐based solar light active photocatalyst by doping boron and fluorine in the native graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) (nonfunctionalized) for the regeneration of enzymatically visible light active coenzyme and in photo‐acetalization reactions. The metal‐free functionalized photocatalyst systems such as BFGCN‐x leads to higher yield NADH and NADPH regeneration. They are also capable of catalyzing acetal reactions in the absence of any Lewis and Bronsted acids. The current research endeavor provides the advancement and the application of functionalized GCN‐based photocatalysts for NADH (61.89%), NADPH (59.84%) regeneration, and photo‐acetalization reactions.
The impact of acculturation and personal discrimination on Latinx public opinion
Authors: Pleites‐Hernandez Giovanny D. , Shrode J. Robert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo what extent does personal experience with discrimination moderate the effect of acculturation on policy preferences amongst Latinxs? Work on acculturation shows that acculturation is an important predictor of policy preferences in Latinxs—with more acculturated individuals generally holding attitudes closer to their non‐Latinx Anglo counterparts than less acculturated Latinxs. Substantively less is known about how personal experience with discrimination influences the extent to which Latinxs adopt more mainstream policy stances. This rings even more true for attitudes outside of immigration, an area that has been the primary focus of scholars for a long time. We begin that exploration here.MethodsWe use the 2020 Collaborative Multi‐Racial Post‐Election Survey to explore the moderating role of personal discrimination on acculturation and, by extension, police preferences. We do so in a variety of policy areas, including abortion, affirmative action, climate change, police reform, and immigration, among others.ResultsWe find that personal experience with discrimination inhibits the expected attitudinal convergence of Latinxs with their Anglo counterparts on a number of issues.ConclusionThe findings here demonstrate that migrant experiences need to be accounted for when trying to understand the political incorporation of the Latinx population in the United States.
Representations of shifted quantum affine algebras and cluster algebras I: The simply laced case
Authors: Geiss Christof , Hernandez David , Leclerc Bernard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe introduce a family of cluster algebras of infinite rank associated with root systems of type , , . We show that suitable completions of these cluster algebras are isomorphic to the Grothendieck rings of the categories of the corresponding shifted quantum affine algebras. The cluster variables of a class of distinguished initial seeds are certain formal power series defined by E. Frenkel and the second author, which satisfy a system of functional relations called ‐system. We conjecture that all cluster monomials are classes of simple objects of . In the final section, we show that these cluster algebras contain infinitely many cluster subalgebras isomorphic to the coordinate ring of the open double Bruhat cell of the corresponding simple simply connected algebraic group. This explains the similarity between ‐system relations and certain generalized minor identities discovered by Fomin and Zelevinsky.
Blood flow restriction: The acute effects of body tilting and reduced gravity analogues on limb occlusion pressure
Authors: Swain Patrick , Caplan Nick , Hughes Luke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBlood flow restriction (BFR) has been identified as a potential countermeasure to mitigate physiological deconditioning during spaceflight. Guidelines recommend that tourniquet pressure be prescribed relative to limb occlusion pressure (LOP); however, it is unclear whether body tilting or reduced gravity analogues influence LOP. We examined LOP at the leg and arm during supine bedrest and bodyweight suspension (BWS) at 6° head‐down tilt (HDT), horizontal (0°), and 9.5° head‐up tilt (HUT) positions. Twenty‐seven adults (age, 26 ± 5 years; height, 1.75 ± 0.08 m; body mass, 73 ± 12 kg) completed all tilts during bedrest. A subgroup (n = 15) additionally completed the tilts during BWS. In each position, LOP was measured twice in the leg and arm using the Delfi Personalized Tourniquet System after 5 min of rest and again after a further 5 min. The LOP at the leg increased significantly from 6° HDT to 9.5° HUT in bedrest and BWS by 9–15 mmHg (Cohen's d = 0.7–1.0). Leg LOP was significantly higher during BWS at horizontal and 9.5° HUT postures relative to the same angles during bedrest by 8 mmHg (Cohen's d = 0.6). Arm LOP remained unchanged between body tilts and analogues. Intraclass correlation coefficients for LOP measurements taken after an initial and subsequent 5 min rest period in all conditions ranged between 0.91–0.95 (leg) and 0.83–0.96 (arm). It is advised that LOP be measured before the application of a vascular occlusion in the same body tilt/setting to which it is applied to minimize discrepancies between the actual and prescribed tourniquet pressure.
Steady-State Rotary Periodic Solutions of Rigid and Flexible Mechanisms With Large Spatial Rotations Using the Incremental Harmonic Balance Method for Differential-Algebraic Equations
Authors: Ju R. , Yang S. M. , Ren H. , Fan W. , Ni R. C. , Gu P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Steady-state rotary periodic responses of mechanisms lead to stress cycling in flexible structures or connecting joints, which in turn can result in structural fatigue. A general approach is developed to study rotary periodic solutions of rigid and flexible mechanisms with large spatial rotations based on the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. The challenge in analyzing such dynamic systems emanates from the noncommutativity of the spatial rotation and the nonsuperposition nature of the rotational coordinates. The generally used rotational coordinates, such as Euler angles, cannot be expanded into Fourier series, which prevents direct usage of the IHB method. To overcome the problem, the natural coordinates method and absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) are used herein for the dynamic modeling of the rigid and flexible bodies, respectively. The absolute positions and gradients are used as generalized coordinates, and rotational coordinates are naturally avoided. Equations of motions of the system are differential-algebraic equations (DAEs), and they are solved by the IHB method to obtain the steady-state rotary periodic solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by the simulation of rigid and flexible examples with spatial rotations. The approach is general and robust, and it has the potential to be further extended for other extensive multibody dynamic systems.
Sensor-Embedded Tissue Phantom for Magnetic Resonance Elastography Mechanical Failure Testing
Authors: Hong Charles P. , Vinodkumar Tarun , Nieves-Vazquez Heriberto Andres , Ueda Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) is an imaging technique capable of quantifying the stiffness of in vivo tissue by applying and imaging shear waves produced by an MRE actuator. Poor image acquisition may result from the MRE procedure if there is insufficient contact between the MRE actuator and the patient. An experimental test setup outside of the clinic will aid in reducing the number of failed acquisitions by enabling the development of advanced actuators and actuator systems. This work presents the development and testing of a sensor-embedded tissue phantom setup paired with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to automate the MRE actuator testing process. MRE actuation of soft tissue is simulated by utilizing a voice coil positioning stage that interfaces with a phantom. To capture the resulting vibrations, accelerometers are embedded inside the phantom. Subsequent characterization experiments verify the functionality of the developed phantoms to capture wave propagation. A secondary investigation was performed by utilizing the developed setup to collect acceleration measurements at varying contact distances. We provide an overview of feature analysis and selection to develop SVM models for contact detection. Multiple SVM models are reported, and the best-performing model displayed almost perfect validation (94.53%) and test (90.91%) accuracy. The pairing of sensor-embedded phantom with an SVM for detection demonstrates potential improvements to the MRE actuator developmental process by automatically assessing contact-related issues prior to clinical testing.
Effects of a live versus heat-inactivated probiotic
Bifidobacterium
spp in preterm infants: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Athalye-Jape Gayatri , Esvaran Meera , Patole Sanjay , Nathan Elizabeth A , Doherty Dorota A , Sim Edric , Chandrasekaran Lakshmi , Kok Chooi , Schuster Stephan , Conway Patricia 
Published: August 2024

Background
Heat-inactivated probiotics (HPs) may provide an effective alternative to live probiotics (P) by avoiding their risks (eg, probiotic sepsis) while retaining the benefits. We assessed the safety and efficacy of a HP in very preterm (VP: gestation <32 weeks) infants.

Methods

VP infants were randomly allocated to receive a HP or P mixture (
Bifidobacterium breve
M-16V,
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
infantis
M-63,
Bifidobacterium longum
subsp.
longum
BB536, total 3×10
9
CFU/day) assuring blinding. Primary outcome was faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels were compared after 3 weeks of supplementation. Secondary outcomes included faecal microbiota and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels.

Results
86 VP infants were randomised to HP or P group (n=43 each). Total FCP and SCFA were comparable between HP and P groups within 7 days (T1) and between day 21 and 28 (T2) after supplementation. At T2, median (range) FCP was 75 (8–563) in the HP group and 80 (21–277) in the P group (p=0.71). Propionate was significantly raised in both groups, while butyrate was significantly raised in the HP group (all p<0.01). Bacterial richness and diversity increased but was comparable between HP and P (p>0.05). Beta diversity showed similar community structures in both groups (all p>0.05). Changes in faecal Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Bifidobacteriacae levels were comparable in both groups at T1 and T2. There was no probiotic sepsis.

Conclusions
HP was safe and showed no significant difference in FCP as compared with a live probiotic. Adequately powered trials are needed to assess the effects of HP on clinically significant outcomes in preterm infants.

Trial registration number
ACTRN12618000489291.
Voices of experience: insights from Dutch parents on periviability guidelines and personalisation
Authors: De Proost Lien , de Boer Angret , Verhagen Eduard , Hogeveen Marije , Geurtzen Rosa , Verweij E J T (Joanne) 
Published: August 2024

Objective
To investigate the perspectives of experienced parents regarding guidelines and personalisation for managing imminent extremely premature births (22–26 weeks gestational age (GA)) . The study examined four scenarios: no guideline, a guideline based on GA, a guideline based on GA plus other factors and a guideline based on a calculated prognosis.

Design
Nineteen semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with Dutch parents who experienced (imminent) extremely premature births between 23+5 and 26+2 weeks of gestation. Diversity was aimed for through purposive sampling from a database created prior to this study. Four of the parents opted for palliative care. Among the parents who chose intensive care, in nine cases the infant(s) survived.

Results
All participants acknowledged the necessity of having a periviability guideline because it would provide valuable decision-making support, and counterbalance decisions solely based on parental instincts to save their infant. Parents preferred guidelines that considered multiple prognostic factors beyond GA alone, without overwhelming parents with information, because more information would not necessarily make the decision easier for parents. Personalisation was defined by parents mainly as ‘being seen and heard’ and associated with building relationships with healthcare professionals and effective communication between them and professionals.

Conclusions
The results underscore the importance of having a periviability guideline including multiple prognostic factors to assist parents in making decisions at the limit of viability, and the importance of a personalised care approach to meet parental needs in the context of imminent extremely preterm birth.
Rate and risk factors of kidney function decline among South Asians with type 2 diabetes: analysis of the CARRS Trial
Authors: Singh Kavita , Kondal Dimple , Jagannathan Ram , Ali Mohammed K , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Narayan K M Venkat , Anand Shuchi , Tandon Nikhil 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPeople with diabetes are at risk of developing chronic kidney disease. However, limited data are available to quantify their risk of kidney function decline in South Asia. This study evaluates the rate and predictors of kidney function decline among people with type 2 diabetes in South Asia.Research design and methodsWe analyzed data from the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia (CARRS) Trial to quantify the rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in people with type 2 diabetes (n=1146) over 2.5 years of follow-up. The CARRS Trial evaluated a multicomponent intervention of decision-supported electronic health records and non-physician care coordinator to improve diabetes management at 10 diabetes clinics in India and Pakistan. We used linear mixed models to estimate eGFR slope among all participants and tested the association of eGFR slope with demographic, disease-related, and self-care parameters, accounting for randomization and site.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 54.2 years, with a median duration of diabetes of 7.0 years (IQR: 3.0 - 12.0) and median CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) eGFR of 83.6 (IQR: 67.7 to 97.9) mL/min/1.73 m2. The overall mean eGFR slope was −1.33/mL/min/1.73 m2/year. There were no differences in the eGFR slope by treatment assignment to intervention versus usual care. In the adjusted regression model, pre-existing diabetic retinopathy (slope difference: −2.11; 95% CI: −3.45 to –0.77), previous cardiovascular disease (−1.93; 95% CI: −3.45 to –0.40), and statins use (−0.87; 95% CI: −1.65 to –0.10) were associated with faster eGFR decline.ConclusionsPeople with diabetes receiving care at urban diabetes clinics in South Asia experienced annual eGFR decline at two times higher rate than that reported from other contemporary international diabetes cohorts. Risk factors for faster decline were similar to those previously established, and thus care delivery models must put an additional emphasis on kidney protective therapies among subgroups with microvascular and macrovascular diabetes complications.Trial registration numberNCT01212328.