bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clusters of multidimensional exercise response patterns and estimated heart failure risk in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Miller Patricia E. , Gajjar Priya , Mitchell Gary F. , Khan Sadiya S. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Larson Martin G. , Lewis Gregory D. , Shah Ravi V. , Nayor Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsNew tools are needed to identify heart failure (HF) risk earlier in its course. We evaluated the association of multidimensional cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) phenotypes with subclinical risk markers and predicted long‐term HF risk in a large community‐based cohort.Methods and resultsWe studied 2532 Framingham Heart Study participants [age 53 ± 9 years, 52% women, body mass index (BMI) 28.0 ± 5.3 kg/m2, peak oxygen uptake (VO2) 21.1 ± 5.9 kg/m2 in women, 26.4 ± 6.7 kg/m2 in men] who underwent maximum effort CPET and were not taking atrioventricular nodal blocking agents. Higher peak VO2 was associated with a lower estimated HF risk score (Spearman correlation r: −0.60 in men and −0.55 in women, P < 0.0001), with an observed overlap of estimated risk across peak VO2 categories. Hierarchical clustering of 26 separate CPET phenotypes (values residualized on age, sex, and BMI to provide uniformity across these variables) identified three clusters with distinct exercise physiologies: Cluster 1—impaired oxygen kinetics; Cluster 2—impaired vascular; and Cluster 3—favourable exercise response. These clusters were similar in age, sex distribution, and BMI but displayed distinct associations with relevant subclinical phenotypes [Cluster 1—higher subcutaneous and visceral fat and lower pulmonary function; Cluster 2—higher carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV); and Cluster 3—lower CFPWV, C‐reactive protein, fat volumes, and higher lung function; all false discovery rate < 5%]. Cluster membership provided incremental variance explained (adjusted R2 increment of 0.10 in women and men, P < 0.0001 for both) when compared with peak VO2 alone in association with predicted HF risk.ConclusionsIntegrated CPET response patterns identify physiologically relevant profiles with distinct associations to subclinical phenotypes that are largely independent of standard risk factor‐based assessment, which may suggest alternate pathways for prevention.
Microencapsulation of fish oil rich in EPA and DHA using mixture of Arabic gum and Persian gum through spray‐drying technique
Authors: Jokar Yalda Khodadadi , Goli Mohammad , Esfahani Mojtaba Nasr , Fazel Mohammad , Najarian Afsaneh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe microencapsulation of fish oil by the spray‐drying technique was conducted using Arabic gum (AG) and Persian gum (PG) as wall materials. AG‐to‐PG ratios, including 29:1, 28:2, 27:3, 26:4, and 25:5 (%w/w), wall‐to‐oil ratios, including 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2;1, and 1:1, drying temperature (180, 190, 200, 210, and 220°C), and feed flow rate at high and low states were optimized using response surface methodology. Microencapsulation efficiency (MEE), moisture content (MC), peroxide value (PV), and particle size (PS) were determined. Results showed that the highest MEE and the lowest MC, PV, and PS were attained when 26:4, 4:1, 210°C, and high speed were considered, respectively. At this point, the MEE, MC, PV, and PS were 79.49%, 3.39%, 10.98 meq O2/kg oil, and 39.05 µm, respectively. The microstructure of optimum microencapsulated powder exhibited no observable cracks, fissures, or pores while having a typical spherical and smooth surface. Microencapsulation of fish oil using a mixture of AG and PG showed higher oxidative stability associated with high MEE, low MC, and low PV at the final product. Moreover, the optimized emulsion formulation and drying conditions increased the storage stability.
Base‐Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino BODIPYs through Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling with Anilines
Authors: Wang Hua , Guo Luying , Zuo Huiquan , Wang Long , Guo Xing , Kang Zhengxin , Li Zhong‐Yuan , Jiao Lijuan , Hao Erhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe construction of C−N bond at the α‐position of BODIPYs (boron dipyrromethene) not only enables flexible reactivity but also leads to strong electron‐donating properties. In this study, a base‐promoted oxidative cross‐dehydrogenative coupling was developed to synthesize α‐amino BODIPYs with air as a green oxidant. By this strategy, a series of weak nitrogen nucleophiles, such as heteroaryl and aryl anilines, were installed to the α‐position. Remarkably, pyrrole, pyrazole and indole were also employed to realize the synthesis of α‐heteroaryl BODIPYs through direct functionalization. Further aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIE) properties and lipid droplet‐targeting bioimaging experiments of representative dyes demonstrated their potential applications as organic probes.
European randomized controlled trial evaluating differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation and conventional medical management in subjects with persistent back pain ineligible for spine surgery: 24‐month results
Authors: Kallewaard Jan W. , Billet Bart , Van Paesschen Raf , Smet Iris , Mendiola Agustin , Peña Isaac , López Pablo , Carceller Javier , Tornero Carlos , Zuidema Xander , Vesper Jan , Lehmberg Jens , Laloo Wim , Cedeño David L. , Vallejo Ricardo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifferential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation (DTM SCS) was shown to be superior to conventional SCS for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP) in subjects with persistent spinal pain syndrome with previous spinal surgery (PSPS‐T2) or ineligible for it (PSPS‐T1). This study reports 24‐month efficacy and safety of DTM SCS vs. conventional medical management (CMM) in PSPS‐T1 subjects across four European countries.MethodsThis is a prospective, multicenter, open‐label, randomized, controlled trial with optional crossover. Subjects randomized 1:1 to DTM SCS or CMM. Primary endpoint was responder rate (% subjects reporting ≥50% CLBP relief) at 6 months. A superiority test compared responder rates between treatments. CLBP and leg pain levels, functional disability, quality of life (QoL), patient satisfaction and global impression of change were evaluated for 24 months. A Composite Responder Index (CRI) was obtained using CLBP relief, disability and QoL. Incidence of study‐related adverse events evaluated safety.ResultsA total of 55 and 57 subjects were randomized to DTM SCS and CMM respectively. DTM SCS was superior, with CLBP responder rates ≥80% and CLBP relief >5.6 cm (>70% reduction) through the 24‐month follow‐up. Improvements with DTM SCS in other outcomes were sustained. The CRI was >80% for DTM SCS through 24 months. Opioid medication intake decreased in subjects treated with DTM SCS. Most patients treated with DTM SCS felt satisfied and improved at the end of the study. Safety was congruent with other studies.ConclusionDTM SCS is efficacious and safe during 24 months for the treatment of CLBP and leg pain in PSPS‐T1 patients ineligible for spine surgery.Significance statementThis randomized controlled trial shows that Differential Target Multiplexed SCS (DTM SCS) is an effective and safe long‐term treatment for PSPS type 1 patients suffering from axial low back pain with or without leg pain and who are ineligible for spinal surgery. Currently, CMM treatments are their only option and provide limited benefits. Besides superior pain relief, DTM SCS provides significant improvements in functional disability, quality of life, high levels of satisfaction and perceived impression of change.
Kirchhoff meets Johnson: In pursuit of unconditionally secure communication
Authors: Basar Ertugrul 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNoise: an enemy to be dealt with and a major factor limiting communication system performance. However, what if there is gold in that garbage? In conventional engineering, our focus is primarily on eliminating, suppressing, combating, or even ignoring noise and its detrimental impacts. Conversely, could we exploit it similarly to biology, which utilizes noise‐alike carrier signals to convey information? In this context, the utilization of noise, or noise‐alike signals in general, has been put forward as a means to realize unconditionally secure communication systems in the future. In this tutorial article, we begin by tracing the origins of thermal noise‐based communication and highlighting one of its significant applications for ensuring unconditionally secure networks: the Kirchhoff‐law‐Johnson‐noise (KLJN) secure key exchange scheme. We then delve into the inherent challenges tied to secure communication and discuss the imperative need for physics‐based key distribution schemes in pursuit of unconditional security. Concurrently, we provide a concise overview of quantum key distribution schemes and draw comparisons with their KLJN‐based counterparts. Finally, extending beyond wired communication loops, we explore the transmission of noise signals over‐the‐air and evaluate their potential for stealth and secure wireless communication systems.
Pupillary constriction on stimulation of the parietal cortex—A novel finding
Authors: Freund Brin , Nair Dileep , Bulacio Juan , Najm Imad , Taylor Kenneth , Moosa Ahsan N. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPupillary changes can be an important semiologic feature in focal epilepsy. Though the subcortical networks involving pupillomotor function have been described, cortical generators of pupillary dilation and constriction in humans are not well known. In this report, we describe a case of pupillary constriction occurring during seizures in a patient with drug resistant focal epilepsy. On stereoelectroencephalography, onset was noted within the posterior segment of the right intraparietal sulcus and direct cortical electrical stimulation of these electrode contacts reproduced pupillary constriction associated with habitual seizures. This is the first case report to describe ictal pupillary constriction during SEEG with confirmation of the cortical localization by direct cortical electrical stimulation. The posterior segment of the right intraparietal sulcus localization of pupillary constriction may aid in surgical evaluation patients with drug resistant focal epilepsy.
Alterations of apparent diffusion coefficient from ultra high b‐values in the bilateral thalamus and striatum in MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy
Authors: Tang Guixian , Zhou Hailing , Zeng Chunyuan , Jiang Yuanfang , Li Ying , Hou Lu , Liao Kai , Tan Zhiqiang , Wu Huanhua , Tang Yongjin , Cheng Yong , Ling Xueying , Guo Qiang , Xu Hao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveSubcortical nuclei such as the thalamus and striatum have been shown to be related to seizure modulation and termination, especially in drug‐resistant epilepsy. Enhance diffusion‐weighted imaging (eDWI) technique and tri‐component model have been used in previous studies to calculate apparent diffusion coefficient from ultra high b‐values (ADCuh). This study aimed to explore the alterations of ADCuh in the bilateral thalamus and striatum in MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy and 18 healthy controls underwent eDWI scan with 15 b‐values (0–5000 s/mm2). The eDWI parameters including standard ADC (ADCst), pure water diffusion (D), and ADCuh were calculated from the 15 b‐values. Regions‐of‐interest (ROIs) analyses were conducted in the bilateral thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. ADCst, D, and ADCuh values were compared between the MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy patients and controls using multivariate generalized linear models. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman (BA) analysis. False discovery rate (FDR) method was applied for multiple comparisons correction.ResultsADCuh values in the bilateral thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus in MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy were significantly higher than those in the healthy control subjects (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected).SignificanceThe alterations of the ADCuh values in the bilateral thalamus and striatum in MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy might reflect abnormal membrane water permeability in MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy. ADCuh might be a sensitive measurement for evaluating subcortical nuclei‐related brain damage in epilepsy patients.Plain Language SummaryThis study aimed to explore the alterations of apparent diffusion coefficient calculated from ultra high b‐values (ADCuh) in the subcortical nuclei such as the bilateral thalamus and striatum in MRI‐negative drug‐resistant epilepsy. The bilateral thalamus and striatum showed higher ADCuh in epilepsy patients than healthy controls. These findings may add new evidences of subcortical nuclei abnormalities related to water and ion hemostasis in epilepsy patients, which might help to elucidate the underlying epileptic neuropathophysiological mechanisms and facilitate the exploration of therapeutic targets.
Operation and decline of the Barbegal mill complex, the largest industrial complex of antiquity
Authors: Passchier Cees W. , Sürmelihindi Gül , Viollet Pierre‐Louis , Leveau Philippe , Spötl Christoph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Roman mill complex of Barbegal in France is the largest preindustrial structure in Europe. Carbonate incrustations that formed from water flowing through basins, over flumes and waterwheels of the mill complex are partly preserved. The largest carbonate fragments are derived from three wooden flumes that once served the wheels of three mills in a train of eight. The deposits formed from the same water as it moved down from mill to mill. The shape, microstratigraphy and stable isotope patterns of the deposits of each flume reveal a unique history of use for each mill during the last 8 years of operation until their final abandonment. The sidewall carbonate deposits of the flumes vary in shape due to differences in the slope of the flumes during operation, associated with different‐size millwheels in different basins. At least one of the flumes must have been mobile and was uplifted to fit a millwheel of a different size. During 8 years, two millwheels were exchanged and one flume was taken out of action. Carbonate deposits from two flumes were subsequently reused for some unknown industrial purpose in a water basin, and one was later embedded as spolia in a building during late antiquity.
Bayesian varying‐effects vector autoregressive models for inference of brain connectivity networks and covariate effects in pediatric traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ren Yangfan , Osborne Nathan , Peterson Christine B. , DeMaster Dana M. , Ewing‐Cobbs Linda , Vannucci Marina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this article, we develop an analytical approach for estimating brain connectivity networks that accounts for subject heterogeneity. More specifically, we consider a novel extension of a multi‐subject Bayesian vector autoregressive model that estimates group‐specific directed brain connectivity networks and accounts for the effects of covariates on the network edges. We adopt a flexible approach, allowing for (possibly) nonlinear effects of the covariates on edge strength via a novel Bayesian nonparametric prior that employs a weighted mixture of Gaussian processes. For posterior inference, we achieve computational scalability by implementing a variational Bayes scheme. Our approach enables simultaneous estimation of group‐specific networks and selection of relevant covariate effects. We show improved performance over competing two‐stage approaches on simulated data. We apply our method on resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from children with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls to estimate the effects of age and sex on the group‐level connectivities. Our results highlight differences in the distribution of parent nodes. They also suggest alteration in the relation of age, with peak edge strength in children with TBI, and differences in effective connectivity strength between males and females.
Pharmacological treatment of depression in patients with brain tumors
Authors: Knabbe Johannes , Kowalski Thomas , Seliger Corinna 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPatients with brain tumors suffer from intense psychosocial distress. Although the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with brain tumors is high, the pharmacological antidepressant treatment of those patients is not well defined and results from clinical trials are largely missing. In this review, we describe the current standard of evidence and clinical guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of depression in brain tumor patients. We present specific side effects and interactions that should guide treatment decisions. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the diagnosis, screening and risk factors for depression in brain tumor patients and we elaborate on potential antineoplastic effects of antidepressant drugs and ongoing clinical trials. Antidepressant drugs should not be withheld from patients with brain tumors. Future clinical trials should explore the effectiveness and side effects of antidepressants in this specific patient population.
ResTrans‐Unet: A Residual‐Aware Transformer‐Based Approach to Medical Image Segmentation
Authors: Ma Fengying , Wang Zhi , Ji Peng , Fu Chengcai , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe convolutional neural network has significantly enhanced the efficacy of medical image segmentation. However, challenges persist in the deep learning‐based method for medical image segmentation, necessitating the resolution of the following issues: (1) Medical images, characterized by a vast spatial scale and complex structure, pose difficulties in accurate edge information extraction; (2) In the decoding process, the assumption of equal importance among different channels contradicts the reality of their varying significance. This study addresses challenges observed in earlier medical image segmentation networks, particularly focusing on the precise extraction of edge information and the inadequate consideration of inter‐channel importance during decoding. To address these challenges, we introduce ResTrans‐Unet (residual transformer medical image segmentation network), an automatic segmentation model based on Residual‐aware transformer. The Transformer is enhanced through the incorporation of ResMLP, resulting in enhanced edge information capture in images and improved network convergence speed. Additionally, Squeeze‐and‐Excitation Networks, which emphasize channel relationships, are integrated into the decoder to precisely highlight important features and suppress irrelevant ones. Experimental validations on two public datasets were carried out to assess the proposed model, comparing its performance with that of advanced models. The experimental results unequivocally demonstrate the superior performance of ResTrans‐Unet in medical image segmentation tasks.
Educational outcomes necessary to enter pharmacy residency training: 2023 update
Authors: Stamm Pamela L. , Haines Stuart T. , Edwards Krystal L. , Fusco Nicholas M. , Havrda Dawn E. , Lee Kelly C. , Papke Jessica L. , Rhoney Denise H. , Sturpe Deborah A. , Knowles Gwendolyn , Baggett Rachel D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe 2023 Educational Affairs Committee reviewed relevant position statements and publications to update the 2014 ACCP position statement on the educational outcomes (EOs) necessary for pharmacy students to enter postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency training. The committee initially aligned entry‐level graduate outcomes with current PGY1 residency competencies achieved after postgraduate training. The committee then used these alignments to identify consistencies, insufficiencies, and gaps in preparation. This process revealed that the EOs and entrustable professional activities from curricular outcomes and entrustable professional activities and the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination blueprint could serve as a partial list of outcomes necessary to enter postgraduate training; however, some of the outcomes necessary to enter residency were not consistently addressed. To improve residency readiness, the committee recommends that both academic programs and the individual learner evaluate and seek opportunities to address any curricular gaps in alignment. The findings also underscore the need for a single set of well‐defined and mutually agreed‐on educational competencies that evolve over time and embrace the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that demonstrate residency readiness.
Identifying program benefits when participation is misreported
Authors: Tommasi Denni , Zhang Lina 
Published: June 2024

SummaryIn cases of noncompliance with an assigned treatment, estimates of causal effects typically rely on instrumental variables (IV). However, when participation is also misreported, the IV estimand may become a nonconvex combination of local average treatment effects that fails to satisfy even a minimal condition for being causal. The aim of our paper is to generalize the MR‐LATE approach. This is an alternative IV estimand that is more robust in cases of noncompliance and nondifferential misclassification of the treatment variable. Our generalization is threefold: First, we incorporate discrete and multiple‐discrete instrument(s); second, we consider the use of instrument(s) under a weaker, partial monotonicity condition; third, we provide a general inferential procedure. Under relatively stringent assumptions, MR‐LATE is either identical to the IV estimand or less biased than the naïve IV estimand. Under less stringent assumptions, the MR‐LATE estimand can identify the sign of the IV estimand. We conclude with the use of a dedicated Stata command, ivreg2m, to assess the return on education in the United Kingdom.