bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between the prefrontal and visual cortices supports subjective fear
Authors: Taschereau-Dumouchel Vincent , Côté Marjorie , Manuel Shawn , Valevicius Darius , Cushing Cody A. , Cortese Aurelio , Kawato Mitsuo , Lau Hakwan 
Published: July 2024

It has been reported that threatening and non-threatening visual stimuli can be distinguished based on the multi-voxel patterns of haemodynamic activity in the human ventral visual stream. Do these findings mean that there may be evolutionarily hardwired mechanisms within early perception, for the fast and automatic detection of threat, and maybe even for the generation of the subjective experience of fear? In this human neuroimaging study, we presented participants ('fear' group:
N
= 30; 'no fear' group:
N
= 30) with 2700 images of animals that could trigger subjective fear or not as a function of the individual's idiosyncratic ‘fear profiles’ (i.e. fear ratings of animals reported by a given participant). We provide evidence that the ventral visual stream may represent affectively neutral visual features that are statistically associated with fear ratings of participants, without representing the subjective experience of fear itself. More specifically, we show that patterns of haemodynamic activity predictive of a specific ‘fear profile’ can be observed in the ventral visual stream whether a participant reports being afraid of the stimuli or not. Further, we found that the multivariate information synchronization between ventral visual areas and prefrontal regions distinguished participants who reported being subjectively afraid of the stimuli from those who did not. Together, these findings support the view that the subjective experience of fear may depend on the relevant visual information triggering implicit metacognitive mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
Confrontation with others' emotions changes bodily resonance differently in those with low and high levels of depersonalization
Authors: Gillmeister Helge , Šmate Ieva , Savva Dimitra , Li Haojie , Parapadakis Christina , Adler Julia 
Published: July 2024

We present novel research on the cortical dynamics of atypical perceptual and emotional processing in people with symptoms of depersonalization–derealization disorder (DP-DR). We used electroencephalography (EEG)/event-related potentials (ERPs) to delineate the early perceptual mechanisms underlying emotional face recognition and mirror touch in adults with low and high levels of DP-DR symptoms (low-DP and high-DP groups). Face-sensitive visual N170 showed markedly less differentiation for emotional versus neutral face–voice stimuli in the high- than in the low-DP group. This effect was related to self-reported bodily symptoms like disembodiment. Emotional face–voice primes altered mirror touch at somatosensory cortical components P45 and P100 differently in the two groups. In the high-DP group, mirror touch occurred only when seeing touch after being confronted with angry face–voice primes. Mirror touch in the low-DP group, however, was unaffected by preceding emotions. Modulation of mirror touch following angry others was related to symptoms of self–other confusion. Results suggest that others’ negative emotions affect somatosensory processes in those with an altered sense of bodily self. Our findings are in line with the idea that disconnecting from one's body and self (core symptom of DP-DR) may be a defence mechanism to protect from the threat of negative feelings, which may be exacerbated through self–other confusion.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
Arousal and the modulation of sensory experience: evidence from food-related emotions
Authors: Prescott John , Spinelli Sara 
Published: July 2024

Across sensory systems, several stimulus collative characteristics, including intensity, novelty, complexity and perceived dangerousness, are known to elicit high levels of physiological and psychological arousal. It has become apparent that food rejections by both children and adults are frequently linked to such arousal-inducing characteristics. This paper examines how arousal and arousability are important elements in responding to stimuli generally, but specifically to foods, ultimately influencing food preferences and choices. It is clear that responses to sensory properties are subject not just to variations in perceptual sensitivity due to genetics or experience—as in the case of widely rejected qualities such as bitterness or pungency—but also to the arousal potential of those stimuli. Moreover, this is linked to various enduring aspects of personality, suggesting that the impact of arousal on food choices is merely one aspect of a more general sensory sensitivity. The impact of diet on various health outcomes underlines the importance of understanding the relationship of arousal to food choices.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
Interoceptive attention and mood in daily life: an experience-sampling study
Authors: Poerio Giulia L. , Klabunde Megan , Bird Geoffrey , Murphy Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

Theories of emotion ascribe a fundamental role to the processing of bodily signals (interoception) in emotional experience. Despite evidence consistent with this, current knowledge is limited by a focus on interoceptive accuracy and laboratory-based interoception measures. This experience-sampling study examines how state interoceptive attention and state emotional experience are related in everyday life, providing the first data to our knowledge examining: (1) within-subject fluctuations in interoceptive attention across domains, and (2) the relationship between trait and state interoception. Compared with rates of exteroceptive attention (auditory attention: engaged 83% of the time), interoceptive signals captured attention approximately 20% of the time, with substantial within- and between-person variability across domains. There were relationships between interoceptive attention and emotion in daily life (greater attention being associated with more negative valence and fatigue) that were specific to interoceptive attention (different patterns were observed with exteroceptive attention). State measures of interoceptive (but not exteroceptive) attention were correlated with the trait interoceptive attention, but not accuracy. Results underscore the relationship between interoceptive attention and emotion, providing new insights into interoceptive attention and the structure of interoceptive ability. Future research should examine the source(s) of within- and between-person variability in interoceptive and exteroceptive attention and its relationship with emotional experience.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
The perception of emotion in music by people with hearing loss and people with cochlear implants
Authors: Moore Brian C. J. 
Published: July 2024

Music is an important part of life for many people. It can evoke a wide range of emotions, including sadness, happiness, anger, tension, relief and excitement. People with hearing loss and people with cochlear implants have reduced abilities to discriminate some of the features of musical sounds that may be involved in evoking emotions. This paper reviews these changes in perceptual abilities and describes how they affect the perception of emotion in music. For people with acquired partial hearing loss, it appears that the perception of emotion in music is almost normal, whereas congenital partial hearing loss is associated with impaired perception of music emotion. For people with cochlear implants, the ability to discriminate changes in fundamental frequency (associated with perceived pitch) is much worse than normal and musical harmony is hardly perceived. As a result, people with cochlear implants appear to judge emotion in music primarily using tempo and rhythm cues, and this limits the range of emotions that can be judged.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sensing and feeling: an integrative approach to sensory processing and emotional experience’.
Methylobacterium amylolyticum sp. nov. and Methylobacterium ligniniphilum sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Luo Yanfang , Zhang Kun , Song Zhengke , Ling Ling , Yu Xiaoyan , Sun Yanan , Li Jiaxin , Xiang Wensheng , Wang Xiangjing , Zhao Junwei 
Published: July 2024

Two pink-pigmented bacteria, designated strains NEAU-140T and NEAU-KT, were isolated from field soil collected from Linyi, Shandong Province, PR China. Both isolates were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, and facultatively methylotrophic. 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that these two strains belong to the genus Methylobacterium. Strain NEAU-140T exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Methylobacterium radiotolerans NBRC 15690T (97.43 %) and Methylobacterium phyllostachyos NBRC 105206T (97.36 %). Strain NEAU-KT exhibited high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to M. phyllostachyos NBRC 105206T (99.00 %) and Methylobacterium longum DSM 23933T (98.72 %). A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain NEAU-140T formed a clade with Methylobacterium aerolatum (95.94 %), Methylobacterium persicinum (95.66 %) and Methylobacterium komagatae (96.87 %), and strain NEAU-KT formed a cluster with M. phyllostachyos and M. longum. The predominant fatty acid in both strains was C18 : 1
ω7c. Both strains contained ubiquinone Q-10 as the only respiratory quinone. The polar lipid profiles of both strains contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. Whole-genome phylogeny showed that strains NEAU-140T and NEAU-KT formed a phyletic line with M. aerolatum, M. persicinum, Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Methylobacterium fujisawaense, Methylobacterium oryzae, Methylobacterium tardum, M. longum and M. phyllostachyos. The orthologous average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain NEAU-140T and its closely related strains were lower than 82.62 and 25.90  %, respectively. The ANI and dDDH values between strain NEAU-KT and its closely related strains were lower than 86.29 and 31.7 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 71.63 mol% for strain NEAU-140T and 69.08 mol% for strain NEAU-KT. On the basis of their phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness and the results of dDDH and ANI hybridization, these two isolates represent two novel species within the genus Methylobacterium, for which the names Methylobacterium amylolyticum sp. nov. (type strain NEAU-140T=MCCC 1K08801T=DSM 110568T) and Methylobacterium ligniniphilum sp. nov. (type strain NEAU-KT=MCCC 1K08800T=DSM 110567T) are proposed.
Taming a behavioral monster: Resonant song recognition and the evolution of acoustic communication in crickets
Authors: Mann Winston , Erregger Bettina , Hennig Ralf Matthias , Clemens Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRare behavioral phenotypes—behavioral monsters—can challenge hypotheses about the evolution of the neural networks that drive behavior. In crickets, the diversity of song recognition behaviors is thought to be based on the modification of a shared neural network. We here report on a cricket with a novel resonant song recognition pattern that challenges this hypothesis. Females of the speciesAnurogryllus muticusrespond to pulse patterns with the period of the male song, but also to song at twice the period. To identify the mechanisms underlying this multi-peaked recognition, we first explored minimal models of resonant behaviors. Though all of the three simple models tested (autocorrelation, rebound, resonate and fire) produced some kind of resonant behavior, only a single-neuron model with an oscillating membrane qualitatively matched the Anurogryllus behavior with regard to both period and duty cycle tuning. Surprisingly, the rebound model, a minimal model of the core mechanism for song recognition in crickets, fails to reproduce the preference for higher duty cycles observed in the behavior, questioning the universality of the core algorithm. However, the behavior is reproduced with a network model that contains all computations from the song recognition network of crickets, revealing the importance of an additional computation not part of the core mechanism: Following the core rebound mechanism in which post-inhibitory rebounds give rise to the resonant period tuning, feed-forward inhibition further shapes the tuning, resulting in the observed behavioral profile. Overall, this shows how unusual behavioral phenotypes can evolve by combining different nonlinear computations at the level of single cells and networks.
Sensing cellular growth rate facilitates its robust optimal adaptation to changing conditions
Authors: Planqué Robert , Hulshof Josephus , Bruggeman Frank J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe determinants of growth rate and the associated metabolism has been at center stage in microbial physiology for over seventy years. In this paper we show that a cell sensing its own growth rate is in principle capable of maximising it using a gene regulatory circuit responsible for adapting metabolic enzyme concentrations in dynamic conditions. This is remarkable, since any state of (close-to) optimal growth depends on nutrient conditions, and is thus not a fixed target. We derive the properties of such gene regulatory networks, and prove that such circuits allow the growth rate to be a Lyapunov function. We derive this from a general stoichiometric and kinetic description of cellular metabolism. Interestingly, our finding is in agreement with our current understanding of howE. colicontrols its growth rate. It uses ppGpp to tune the growth rate by balancing metabolic and ribosomal protein expression. Since ppGpp covaries 1-to-1 with the protein translation rate, an excellent proxy for growth rate, on a timescale of seconds, this suggests that direct sensing of the growth rate underlies growth rate optimisation inE. coli.
Integrative deep immune profiling of the elderly reveals systems-level signatures of aging, sex, smoking, and clinical traits
Authors: Riemann Lennart , Gutierrez Rodrigo , Odak Ivan , Barros-Martins Joana , Roesner Lennart M. , Lara Ximena Leon , Falk Christine , Schulz Thomas F. , Hansen Gesine , Werfel Thomas , Förster Reinhold ,   the RESIST SI Cohort Investigators
Published: July 2024

AbstractElderly individuals have higher disease susceptibility and lower vaccine responsiveness, highlighting the need to better comprehend the aging immune system and its clinical associations. Here we conducted a deep immune profiling study of 550 elderly individuals (61–94 years) and 100 young adults (22–38 years). Utilizing high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry to identify 97 immune cell populations and 48-plex cytokine profiling, we detailed intricate age-and sex-related changes in the elderly immune system at an unprecedented depth. Synthesizing information from clinical, laboratory, and immunological data through an integrative multi-block analysis, we reveal overarching systems-level signatures of aging, such as increased concentrations of specific cytokines and frequencies of defined innate and adaptive immune cell subpopulations. Extending this approach, we identified unique immune signatures of smoking, obesity, and several diseases including osteoporosis, heart failure and gout. Our systems biology approach enables to uncover new relationships between clinical characteristics and immunological traits.
AgRP1 modulates breeding season-dependent feeding behavior in female medaka
Authors: Tagui Yurika , Takeda Shingo , Waida Hiroyo , Kitahara Shoichi , Kimura Tomoki , Kanda Shinji , Oka Yoshitaka , Hayashi Yu , Umatani Chie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFeeding and reproduction are known to be closely correlated with each other, and the seasonal breeders show breeding season-dependent feeding behavior. However, most model animals do not have definite breeding seasonality, and the mechanisms for such feeding behavior remain unclear. Here, we focused on female medaka (Oryzias latipes); they show breeding season-dependent feeding behavior, and their condition of breeding season can be experimentally controlled by day-length. We first demonstrated that, among previously reported feeding-related peptides (neuropeptides involved in feeding), agouti-related peptide 1 (agrp1) and neuropeptide y b (npyb) show higher brain expression under the breeding condition than under the non-breeding one. Combined with analysis ofagrp1knockout medaka, we obtained results to suggest that long day-induced sexually mature condition, especially ovarian estrogenic signals, increase the expressions ofagrp1in the brain, which results in increased food intake to promote reproduction. Our findings advance the understanding of neural mechanisms of feeding behavior for reproductive success.
A Receptor Like Cytoplasmic Kinase evolved inAeschynomenelegumes to mediate Nod-independent rhizobial symbiosis
Authors: Horta Araújo Natasha , Landry David , Quilbé Johan , Pervent Marjorie , Nouwen Nico , Klopp Christophe , Cullimore Julie , Gully Djamel , Brottier Laurent , Pichereaux Carole , Racoupeau Martin , Rios Maëlle , Gressent Frédéric , Chaintreuil Clémence , Gough Clare , Giraud Eric , Lefebvre Benoit , Arrighi Jean-François 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany plants interact symbiotically with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to enhance inorganic phosphorus uptake, and legumes also develop a nodule symbiosis with rhizobia for nitrogen acquisition. Establishment and functioning of both symbioses rely on a common plant signaling pathway activated by structurally related Myc- and Nod-factors. Recently, a SPARK Receptor-like-Kinase (RLK)/Receptor-like Cytoplasmic Kinase (RLCK) complex was shown to be essential for AM in both monocot and dicot plants. Here, we show that inAeschynomenelegumes the RLCK component of this receptor complex has evolved following a gene duplication event and mediates a unique nodule symbiosis that is independent of rhizobial Nod factors. InAeschynomene evenia,AeRLCK2is crucial for nodule initiation but not for AM. Additionally, AeRLCK2 physically interacts with and is phosphorylated by the Cysteine-rich RLK, AeCRK, also required for nodulation. This work reveals a novel evolutionary origin of this Nod-independent symbiosis from AM.
Structure of the Femoral Chordotonal Organ in the Oleander hawkmoth,Daphnis nerii
Authors: Virdi Simran , Sane Sanjay P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsect legs serve as crucial organs for locomotion and also act as sensory probes into the environment. They are involved in several complex movements including walking, jumping, prey capture, manipulation of objects, and self-grooming. These behaviours require continuous modulation of motor output through mechanosensory feedback which is provided by numerous mechanosensors located on the cuticle and within the soft tissue. A key mechanosensory organ in the insect leg, the femoral chordotonal organ (FeCO), detects movements of the femoro-tibial joint. This organ is multifunctional and senses both self-generated movements (proprioception) and external stimuli (exteroception). Movements of the tibia alter the length of FeCO, which activates the embedded mechanosensory neurons. Due to the mechanical nature of these stimuli, the structure and material properties of the FeCO are crucial for their function, alongside neural encoding properties. Here, as a first step towards understanding how its structure modulates its function, we characterized the morphology and anatomy of FeCO in the hawkmothDaphnis nerii. Using a combination of computed micro-tomography, neuronal dye fills and confocal microscopy, we describe the structure of FeCO and the location, composition and central projections of FeCO neurons. FeCO is located in the proximal half of the femur and is composed of the ventral (vFeCO) and dorsal scoloparia (dFeCO) which vary vastly in their sizes and the number of neurons they house. The arrangement of neurons within dFeCO follows a decreasing size gradient in the proximo-distal axis. The characteristic accessory structures of chordotonal organs, the scolopales, significantly differ in their sizes when compared between the two scoloparia. FeCO neurons project to the central nervous system and terminate in the respective hemiganglia. Using these morphological data, we propose a mechanical model of FeCO, which can help us understand several FeCO properties relating to its physiological function.
Induction and characterisation of Aβ and tau pathology inAppNL-F/NL-Fmice following inoculation with Alzheimer’s disease brain homogenate
Authors: Purro Silvia A. , Farmer Michael , Quarterman Emma , Ravey Julia , Thomas David X. , Noble Elizabeth , Turnbull Catherine , Linehan Jacqueline , Nazari Tamsin , Brandner Sebastian , Farrow Mark A. , Walsh Dominic M. , Collinge John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined by the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles containing hyperphosphorylated Tau and plaques containing Amyloid-β (Aβ). The aggregation of these two proteins is considered central to the disease. The lack of animal models that can recapitulate Aβ and tau pathologies without overexpressing these proteins has hindered AD research. Accelerating pathology by inoculating Aβ and tau seeds has helped to understand their prion-like propagation in the brain. Previous studies failed to characterise both Aβ and tau pathologiesin vivoupon inoculating AD brain homogenates. Here we present a longitudinal and systematic study; we inoculated theAppNL-F/NL-Fknockin mice, which express humanised Aβ and murine wild-type tau, with extracts from diseased human brains to analyse the contribution of Aβ and tau assemblies to AD pathogenesis. We found that mice inoculated with AD brain extracts evinced early and prominent amyloid deposition, while those injected with control brain extracts or vehicle did not. Parenchymal and vascular amyloid accumulated in the same brain regions affected in control-inoculatedAppNL-F/NL-Fmice. However, the extent of vascular amyloid far exceeded that seen inAppNL-F/NL-Fmice injected with control brain extracts, and parenchymal deposits extended to a previously untargeted brain region – the cerebellum. An end-point titration of an AD brain homogenate inAppNL-F/NL-Fmice demonstrated that human Aβ seeds can be titrated in a prion-like fashion, which is useful for sample comparison, diagnostic and risk studies. Notably, the inoculation ofAppNL-F/NL-Fmice with AD brain homogenate induced intense tau phosphorylation, and provides more detailed context for the inoculation ofAppNL-F/NL-Fmice with human samples to study temporal and mechanistic relationships between Aβ and tau pathology, vascular amyloid deposition and bioactivity of Aβ seeds.