bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk to the vertebral artery during C-2 translaminar screw placement: a thin-cut computerized tomography angiogram–based morphometric analysis
Authors: Riesenburger Ron I. , Jones G. Alexander , Roguski Marie , Krishnaney Ajit A. 
Published: June 2013

Object
The goal of this study was to characterize the anatomy relevant to placement of crossing C-2 translaminar screws, including morphometric data, and to evaluate the risk of violating the vertebral artery (VA) during the screw placement. Placement of bilateral crossing C-2 translaminar screws has become an increasingly popular method for dorsal C-2 instrumentation as it is felt to avoid the known risk of VA injury associated with C1–2 transarticular screw fixation and C-1 lateral mass–C-2 pars screw fixation.

Methods
The source images from 50 CT angiograms of the neck obtained from October to November 2007 were studied. Digital imaging software was used to measure lamina thickness and maximum screw length, perform angulation of screw trajectories in the axial plane, and evaluate the potential for VA injury. In cases where the VA could be injured, the distance between the maximal screw length and artery was measured. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate lamina width, axial angle, and screw length for predicting the potential for VA injury.

Results
Mean lamina thickness, axial angle, and maximal screw length were determined for 100 laminae, and a potential for VA injury was noted in 55 laminae. The anatomically defined ideal screw length was longer in laminae with potential for VA injury than in laminae with no apparent risk (35.2 vs 33.6 mm, p = 0.0131). Only increasing optimal screw length was noted to be a statistically significant predictor of potential VA injury (p = 0.0159). The “buffer zone” (the distance between an optimally placed screw and the VA) was 5.6 ± 1.9 mm (mean ± SD, range 1.8–11.4 mm). A screw limited to 28 mm in length appeared to be safe in all laminae studied.

Conclusions
Crossing C-2 translaminar screws have been reported to be safe and effective. In addition to morphometric characteristics, the authors have found that screws placed in this trajectory could jeopardize the vertebral arteries in the foramen transversarium or the C1–2 interval. A C-2 translaminar screw limited to 28 mm in length appeared to be safe in all 100 screw trajectories studied in this series.
An Association between Adiposity and Serum Levels of Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α and Soluble Cd14 in HIV-Infected Adults: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Koethe John R , Bian Aihua , Shintani Ayumi K , Wester C William , Erdem Husamettin , Hulgan Todd 
Published: June 2013

Background Greater adipose tissue is associated with increased circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but the relationship between adiposity and other inflammation biomarkers is not well-characterized. Methods We measured total and regional adipose tissue deposits using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) receptor 1 and 2, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble CD14 and hsCRP in a cohort of adults on long-term ART. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, CD4+ T-cell count, smoking status, protease-inhibitor-use and daily use of either non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin. Results The majority (77%) of the 85 study participants were male, median CD4+ T-cell count was 500 cells/ml (IQR 315-734) and median BMI was 25.1 kg/m2 (IQR 22.7-28.1). DXA measurements of total fat mass were positively associated with serum hsCRP (β =1.82, P<0.01) and MIP-1α (β =1.36, P <0.01), but negatively associated with soluble CD14 (β =0.90, P<0.01). Results were similar for trunk fat, limb fat and serum leptin level. The positive relationship between DXA measurements and TNF-α receptor 1 approached significance ( P≤0.07 for all). There was no consistent relationship between adiposity and serum IL-6, TNF-α receptor 2 or MCP-1 levels. Conclusions Total and regional adiposity was associated with serum hsCRP, but not other inflammatory cytokines shown to predict morbidity and mortality in treated HIV. Greater adiposity is associated with higher MIP-1α and lower soluble CD14 levels, possibly reflecting an important role for cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage.
L'organisation des musiciens dans la Grande-Bretagne du XIX e siècle : vers une nouvelle définition de la profession
Authors: David-Guillou Angèle 
Published: June 2013

De la tutelle aristocratique, qui protège et régule la profession musicienne et son répertoire jusqu’à la fin du XVIII e siècle en Grande-Bretagne, émerge, en moins de cent ans, une industrie de la musique à grande échelle qui repose sur le concert et son profit. Afin de faire face à cette évolution, les musiciens britanniques s’organisent et tentent d’agir ensemble. D’un côté, la variété des nouveaux intermédiaires collectifs qu’ils forment est caractéristique du mouvement ouvrier en général. De l’autre, elle reflète les spécificités d’un milieu professionnel extrêmement divisé. En outre, il ne s’agit pas seulement de protéger un statut ou de défendre des droits, mais plus fondamentalement de formuler une définition du travail musical et, pour certaines associations, d’unir la profession. L’étude de ces organisations professionnelles offre un regard inédit sur les changements auxquels les musiciens britanniques sont confrontés au XIX e siècle et met en évidence les différents discours et questionnements de ceux-ci quant aux effets de l’industrialisation de la musique sur la nature de leur activité professionnelle. Cette analyse illustre aussi comment l’action collective peut aboutir à l’élaboration d’une autonomie professionnelle.
Représenter les commissaires d'exposition d'art contemporain en France : une intermédiation collective impossible ?
Authors: Jeanpierre Laurent , Mayaud Isabelle , Sofio Séverine 
Published: June 2013

On estime généralement que la représentation collective pose de nombreux problèmes dans les métiers de la culture pour les raisons suivantes : individualisation du travail et des carrières, précarité de l’emploi, faible syndicalisation et forte différenciation des métiers. Nous avons éprouvé ce constat en étudiant une association créée en 2007 visant à défendre les intérêts des commissaires d’exposition d’art contemporain en France. Notre enquête se fonde sur des archives de l’association, l’observation de ses assemblées générales et sur les résultats d’une enquête sociologique récente sur l’activité de commissaire d’exposition dans le monde de l’art contemporain français. Développée au cours de ces trente dernières années en France, cette activité est aujourd’hui peu formalisée et particulièrement dynamique. Le nombre de personnes concernées a pu être évalué à quasiment un millier, dont une majorité sont des travailleurs indépendants ne vivant pas, ou très difficilement, de cette activité. Nous nous interrogeons ici sur les conditions sociales et politiques de naissance de l’association étudiée et sur les obstacles qu’elle rencontre pour se développer, en particulier au sein de la population des commissaires d’exposition. Il ressort de cette étude de cas que, plutôt que des facteurs sociaux génériques censés entraver l’action et la représentation collective dans les métiers de la culture, deux facteurs doivent être pris en compte pour expliquer ces difficultés : l’écart entre les propriétés sociales des candidats à la fonction de porte-parole et celles de leurs représentés potentiels ; le rôle de l’État, qui n’est pas toujours en mesure d’investir dans la durée les ressources nécessaires à l’autonomie des représentants dont il a pourtant favorisé l’émergence, comme dans le cas de l’association étudiée.
Question urbaine et droit à la ville
Authors: Busquet Grégory 
Published: June 2013

« La question urbaine » et « le droit à la ville », mots d’ordre du marxisme urbain, ont marqué les décennies 1960 et 1970, sans aboutir toutefois aux espérances dont ils étaient porteurs. Les luttes urbaines en ont usité sans jamais vraiment parvenir à mêler, ce qui était pourtant leur raison d’être, critique globale du capitalisme et revendications spécifiquement urbaines. Aujourd’hui, la réémergence de ces slogans au sein du mouvement social mondialisé et celle de la critique urbaine radicale posent sous un jour nouveau, et avec de nouvelles espérances, cette question du rapport entre changement urbain et changement social.
Partial Articular-sided Rotator Cuff Tears: In Situ Repair Versus Tear Completion Prior to Repair
Authors: Sethi Paul M. , Rajaram Arun , Obopilwe Elifho , Mazzocca Augustus D. 
Published: June 2013

Uncertainty exists over the ideal surgical treatment method for partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears, with options ranging from debridement to in situ repair to tear completion prior to repair. The purpose of this study was to determine whether in situ repair was a viable biomechanical treatment option compared with tear completion prior to repair of partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears.
Fourteen fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were dissected. Partial articular-sided tears were created and repaired using in situ repair or tear completion prior to the repair. Strain and displacement were measured at 45°, 60°, and 90° of glenohumeral abduction. Testing was performed with a load of 100 N applied for 30 cycles. Data from the biomechanical testing displayed 4 conditions that showed improved characteristics of in situ repair over completion and repair: bursal-sided strain anteriorly at 45°, bursal-sided strain anteriorly at 90°, bursal-sided displacement anteriorly at 45°, and bursal-sided displacement anteriorly at 90°.
The data indicate that in situ repair is a viable biomechanical treatment option compared with tear completion prior to repair of partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears. When clinically appropriate, the in situ repair may offer some biomechanical advantages, with lower strain and displacement observed on the bursal side compared with tear completion prior to repair.
Intrafocal Pinning for Distal Radius Metaphyseal Fractures in Children
Authors: Parikh Shital N. , Jain Viral V. , Youngquist Jeffrey 
Published: June 2013

The purpose of this retrospective case control study was to evaluate the results of intrafocal pinning for distal radius metaphyseal fractures in children and to compare these results with conventional pinning. Data were collected from medical records and radiographs from patients who underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for distal radius fracture in a Level I trauma center at the authors’ institution between 2008 and 2010. Inclusion criteria included a dorsally angulated metaphyseal fracture without physeal involvement, an open distal radius physis, and a follow-up to radiographic union.
A total of 10 patients with intrafocal pinning were compared to 26 patients with conventional pinning. Preoperatively, angulation was greater in patients who received intrafocal pinning than conventional pinning based on anteroposterior radiographs. Postoperatively, the 2 groups did not differ in angulation on either anteroposterior or lateral radiographs. One malunion and 2 pin-related complications occurred in the conventional pinning group, and 1 pin-related complication occurred in the intrafocal pinning group. The 2 groups did not differ by age, sex, side of injury, days to surgery, or initial shortening.
This study affirms that the intrafocal pinning technique is an alternative to the conventional pinning technique for the stabilization of displaced metaphyseal distal radius fractures in children. Intrafocal pinning can also be used as a reduction tool for fractures that cannot be reduced by closed manipulation. The complications are comparable between the 2 techniques.
Tantalum Rod Implantation and Vascularized Iliac Grafting for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Zhao DeWei , Zhang Yao , Wang Weiming , Liu YuPeng , Li ZhiGang , Wang BenJie , Yu XiaoBing 
Published: June 2013

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a progressive disease. Without operative intervention, it most often results in collapse and deterioration of the joint. Many joint-preserving surgeries have been implemented, but no uniform treatment exists. The authors report a modified technique of tantalum rod implantation combined with vascularized iliac grafting for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head.
Fifty-two patients (56 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (Association Research Circulation Osseous classification stage II–IV) treated with this technique were retrospectively reviewed. The major steps of this technique included vascularized iliac graft harvested, necrotic lesion excised, and combined interventions implantation. All patients were followed for a mean of 60 months. Seven hips had to be converted to a total hip arthroplasty. The 5-year joint-preserving success rate of entire group was 87.5%, with 95% for Association Research Circulation Osseous stage II hips, 92% for Association Research Circulation Osseous stage III hips, and 63.6% for Association Research Circulation Osseous stage IV hips. The success rate was lower for stage IV hips compared with stage II and III hips. Mean Harris Hip score of the 49 hips improved significantly from 50 to 91 points. Forty-three (76.8%) of 56 hips remained stable on radiographs.
The technique of tantalum rod implantation combined with vascularized iliac grafting may be an effective joint-preserving method for the treatment of intermediate-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head. A larger group of patients that is compared with a control group is necessary to further research.
Patellar Dislocation With Genu Valgum Treated by DFO
Authors: Kwon Jae Ho , Kim Jong In , Seo Dong-Hyun , Kang Kyung-Woon , Nam Ji Ho , Nha Kyung-Wook 
Published: June 2013

Congenital habitual patellar dislocation is a rare condition of the knee where the patella dislocates during flexion and relocates during extension. The congenital form is permanent, irreducible, and presents at birth. It is characterized by a short quadriceps and a major patellofemoral dysplasia and short height.
This article presents a rare case of a 27-year-old woman with recurring bilateral habitual dislocation of the patella after a failed previous proximal and distal realignment procedure. Clinical examinations of both knees revealed genu valgus knees and lateral joint pain that recurred after several previous operations.
Radiographs of both knees showed patellar dislocation and genu valgum associated with patellofemoral dysplasia and osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment. Long-leg standing radiographs showed an anatomic tibiofemoral angle of right 13° and left 6° valgus and a mechanical tibiofemoral angle of right 8° and left 2° valgus and weight-bearing line of 65% on the right and 48% on the left.
The authors performed a distal femoral closing wedging osteotomy to correct the valgus deformity, and then percutaneous lateral release and medial reefing were performed to stabilize the patellas of both knees simultaneously.
Assessing vulnerability and framing adaptive options of two Mediterranean wine growing regions facing climate change: Roussillon (France) and McLaren Vale (Australia)
Authors: Lereboullet Anne-Laure , Bardsley Douglas , Beltrando Gérard 
Published: June 2013

Une hausse des températures et une baisse des précipitations pourraient être préjudiciables au maintien d’une viticulture de qualité dans les régions de climat méditerranéen. Cet article propose d’étudier l’exposition récente et future de deux régions viticoles méditerranéennes à de tels changements : le Roussillon (France) et McLaren Vale (Australie) ; ainsi que de cerner les éléments concourant à augmenter leur vulnérabilité face à ces changements, et en retour les éléments qui permettraient d’améliorer leur capacité d’adaptation. Une étude de données de température et de précipitations observées (1956-2010) à Perpignan et Adelaïde, et simulées (2001-2060) par ARPEGE-RETIC-V4 et CSIRO Mk3.5, a été complétée par soixante-et-un entretiens avec des acteurs-clés de la filière viti-vinicole dans les deux régions. Les résultats montrent que les producteurs ont dû faire face ces dix dernières années à une augmentation de la température et à une baisse des précipitations, et que cela est, selon les modèles, amené à se répéter d’ici 2060, malgré une grande part d’incertitude. Ces conditions ont des impacts négatifs sur la maturation du raisin, qui ne pourront pas forcement être gérés avec les techniques actuelles. La mise en place de stratégies d’adaptation à l’incertitude du climat, couplées à celle des marchés, s’appuie sur : un capital financier suffisant, une gestion durable des ressources en eau, et une souplesse de la législation. Pour cela, la diversification et l’entreprenariat des producteurs sont particulièrement importants.
Agent-based adaptive e-learning model for any learning management system
Authors: Musumba George Wamamu , Oboko Robert O. , Nyongesa Henry O. 
Published: June 2013

Many scholars are interested in improving e-learning in order to provide easy access to educational materials. There is, however, the need to incorporate the ability to classify learners into these learning systems. Learner classification is used adaptively to provide relevant information for the various categories of learners. There is also a need for learning to continue, whether learners are on- or off-line. In many parts of the world, especially in the developing world, most people do not have reliable continuous internet connections. We tested an Adaptive e-Learning Model prototype that implements an adaptive presentation of course content under conditions of intermittent Internet connections. This prototype was tested in February 2011 on undergraduate students studying a database systems course. This study found out that it is possible to have models that can adapt to characteristics such as the learner’s level of knowledge and that it is possible for learners to be able to study under both on- and off-line modes through adaptation.
Finite Element Analysis of Maxwell’s Equations in Dispersive Lossy Bi-Isotropic Media
Authors: Huang Yunqing , Li Jichun , Lin Yanping 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the time-dependent Maxwell’s equations used to modeling wave propagation in dispersive lossy bi-isotropic media are investigated. Existence and uniqueness of the modeling equations are proved. Two fully discrete finite element schemes are proposed, and their practical implementation and stability are discussed.
Using Gaussian Eigenfunctions to Solve Boundary Value Problems
Authors: McCourt Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKernel-based methods are popular in computer graphics, machine learning, and statistics, among other fields; because they do not require meshing of the domain under consideration, higher dimensions and complicated domains can be managed with reasonable effort. Traditionally, the high order of accuracy associated with these methods has been tempered by ill-conditioning, which arises when highly smooth kernels are used to conduct the approximation. Recent advances in representing Gaussians using eigenfunctions have proven successful at avoiding this destabilization in scattered data approximation problems. This paper will extend these techniques to the solution of boundary value problems using collocation. The method of particular solutions will also be considered for elliptic problems, using Gaussian eigenfunctions to stably produce an approximate particular solution.
Performance of salivary glands ultrasonography, shear wave elastography and their combined use for the diagnosis of primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Cheng Lian , Yang Yan , Ma Ai‐Ju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSjögren's syndrome (SS) is a common rheumatic disease for which finding the right imaging tool remains a challenge.PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the performance of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS), shear wave elastography (SWE) and their combined use for the diagnosis of primary and secondary SS (pSS and sSS).MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with dry symptoms who underwent routine examinations between May 2019 and December 2023. Patients were categorized into the pSS (n = 41), sSS (n = 26), and control (n = 27) groups based on the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria (2016). A comparison of SGUS and shear wave velocity (SWV) results was conducted among the three groups. The diagnostic capabilities of different ultrasound methods for SS were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) for specificity.ResultsCompared to the control group, both the pSS (1.80 ± 1.03 vs. 0.67 ± 0.48, p < 0.001) and the sSS (1.85 ± 0.88 vs. 0.67 ± 0.48, p < 0.001) groups exhibited significantly elevated SGUS scores. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the pSS and sSS groups (p = 0.849). The SWV values in both the pSS and sSS groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (all p < 0.001). The AUC for diagnosing SS using only SGUS scores was 0.823 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.731–0.894). Combining SGUS scores and SWV values resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy (AUC: 0.883, 95% CI: 0.801–0.940).ConclusionsSGUS and SWE are pivotal in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome, with their synergistic application poised to bolster diagnostic precision. This combined approach also furnishes substantial backing for the clinical assessment and management of Sjögren's syndrome.
Dose–exposure–efficacy response of intravenous immunoglobulin G 10% in multifocal motor neuropathy
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Roepcke Stefan , Franke Ryan , Yel Leman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveMultifocal motor neuropathy is a rare chronic immune‐mediated neuropathy with impaired grip strength representing a common symptom. While intravenous immunoglobulin G is an effective treatment for the disease, significant variation in treatment response has been observed but not well understood. This analysis characterized dose–exposure–response relationships in multifocal motor neuropathy, using grip strength as a clinical efficacy measure.MethodsSerum immunoglobulin G trough concentrations and grip strength data for the more affected hand from a Phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, crossover trial of intravenous immunoglobulin 10% in 44 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy (NCT00666263) were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model.ResultsThe model adequately described the observed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and relationships between intravenous immunoglobulin 10% dose, serum immunoglobulin G trough levels, grip strength, and inter‐patient variabilities in multifocal motor neuropathy. Model‐based simulations for various dosing regimens (0.4–2.0 g/kg every 2–4 weeks) indicated that ≥1.6 g/kg/month would achieve clinically meaningful improvements in grip strength (≥4 kg) in ≥70% of patients. More frequent dosing at an equivalent monthly dose led to a more consistent response in grip strength. Furthermore, splitting the dose over multiple days for high doses (>1 g/kg) did not impact grip strength.InterpretationThese findings suggest that the majority of patients with multifocal motor neuropathy would respond rapidly to intravenous immunoglobulin 10% with a range of dosing regimens. Shorter dosing intervals may avoid the diminishing response seen with longer dosing intervals. Dose‐splitting provided similar outcomes while offering flexibility and convenience.