bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Expressions and m6A Methylation Modification Patterns of mRNAs and lncRNAs in a Spinal Cord Injury Rat Model
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Zhiling , Tong Juncheng , Wu Fan , Jin Hui , Liu Kaiqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious central nervous system disease with no effective treatment strategy presently due to its complex pathogenic mechanism. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification plays an important role in diverse physiological and pathological processes. However, our understanding of the potential mechanisms of messenger RNA (mRNA) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) m6A methylation in SCI is currently limited. Here, comprehensive m6A profiles and gene expression patterns of mRNAs and lncRNAs in spinal cord tissues after SCI were identified using microarray analysis of immunoprecipitated methylated RNAs. A total of 3745 mRNAs (2343 hypermethylated and 1402 hypomethylated) and 738 lncRNAs (488 hypermethylated and 250 hypomethylated) were differentially methylated with m6A modifications in the SCI and sham rats. Functional analysis revealed that differentially m6A-modified mRNAs were mainly involved in immune inflammatory response, nervous system development, and focal adhesion pathway. In contrast, differentially m6A-modified lncRNAs were mainly related to antigen processing and presentation, the apoptotic process, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. In addition, combined analysis of m6A methylation and RNA expression results revealed that 1636 hypermethylated mRNAs and 262 hypermethylated lncRNAs were up-regulated, and 1571 hypomethylated mRNAs and 204 lncRNAs were down-regulated. Furthermore, we validated the altered levels of m6A methylation and RNA expression of five mRNAs (CD68, Gpnmb, Lilrb4, Lamp5, and Snap25) and five lncRNAs (XR_360518, uc.393 + , NR_131064, uc.280 − , and XR_597251) using MeRIP-qPCR and qRT-PCR. This study expands our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying m6A modification in SCI and provides novel insights to promote functional recovery after SCI.
A prognostic nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival of patients with initially diagnosed metastatic gastric cancer: a validation study in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Zhao Ziming , Dai Erxun , Jin Bao , Deng Ping , Salehebieke Zulihaer , Han Bin , Wu Rongfan , Yu Zhaowu , Ren Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Few studies have been designed to predict the survival of Chinese patients initially diagnosed with metastatic gastric cancer (mGC). Therefore, the objective of this study was to construct and validate a new nomogram model to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in Chinese patients.

Methods
We collected 328 patients with mGC from Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital as the training cohort and 60 patients from Xinyuan County People’s Hospital as the external validation cohort. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify risk factors, and a nomogram was created to predict CSS. The predictive performance of the nomogram was evaluated using the consistency index (C-index), the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) in the training cohort and the validation cohort.

Results
Multivariate Cox regression identified differentiation grade (P < 0.001), T-stage (P < 0.05), N-stage (P < 0.001), surgery (P < 0.05), and chemotherapy (P < 0.001) as independent predictors of CSS. Nomogram of chemotherapy regimens and cycles was also designed by us for the prediction of mGC. Thus, these factors are integrated into the nomogram model: the C-index value was 0.72 (95% CI 0.70–0.85) for the nomogram model and 0.82 (95% CI 0.79–0.89) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.86) for the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves and DCA also demonstrated adequate fit and ideal net benefit in prediction and clinical applications.

Conclusions
We established a practical nomogram to predict CSS in Chinese patients initially diagnosed with mGC. Nomograms can be used to individualize survival predictions and guide clinicians in making therapeutic decisions.
New objective simple evaluation methods of amyloid PET/CT using whole-brain histogram and Top20%-Map
Authors: Okuyama Chio , Higashi Tatsuya , Ishizu Koichi , Oishi Naoya , Kusano Kuninori , Ito Miki , Kagawa Shinya , Okina Tomoko , Suzuki Norio , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Nagahama Yasuhiro , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Ono Masahiro , Yamauchi Hiroshi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to assess the utility of newly developed objective methods for the evaluation of intracranial abnormal amyloid deposition using PET/CT histogram without use of cortical ROI analyses.

Methods
Twenty-five healthy volunteers (HV) and 38 patients with diagnosed or suspected dementia who had undergone 18F-FPYBF-2 PET/CT were retrospectively included in this study. Out of them, 11C-PiB PET/CT had been also performed in 13 subjects. In addition to the conventional methods, namely visual judgment and quantitative analyses using composed standardized uptake value ratio (comSUVR), the PET images were also evaluated by the following new parameters: the skewness and the mode-to-mean ratio (MMR) obtained from the histogram of the brain parenchyma; Top20%-map highlights the areas with high tracer accumulation occupying 20% volume of the total brain parenchymal on the individual’s CT images. We evaluated the utility of the new methods using histogram compared with the visual assessment and comSUVR. The results of these new methods between 18F-FPYBF-2 and 11C-PiB were also compared in 13 subjects.

Results
In visual analysis, 32, 9, and 22 subjects showed negative, border, and positive results, and composed SUVR in each group were 1.11 ± 0.06, 1.20 ± 0.13, and 1.48 ± 0.18 (p < 0.0001), respectively. Visually positive subjects showed significantly low skewness and high MMR (p < 0.0001), and the Top20%-Map showed the presence or absence of abnormal deposits clearly. In comparison between the two tracers, visual evaluation was all consistent, and the ComSUVR, the skewness, the MMR showed significant good correlation. The Top20%-Maps showed similar pattern.

Conclusions
Our new methods using the histogram of the brain parenchymal accumulation are simple and suitable for clinical practice of amyloid PET, and Top20%-Map on the individual’s brain CT can be of great help for the visual assessment.
Dentate Gyrus Morphogenesis is Regulated by an Autism Risk Gene Trio Function in Granule Cells
Authors: Sun Mengwen , Xue Weizhen , Meng Hu , Sun Xiaoxuan , Lu Tianlan , Yue Weihua , Wang Lifang , Zhang Dai , Li Jun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are reported as a group of neurodevelopmental disorders. The structural changes of brain regions including the hippocampus were widely reported in autistic patients and mouse models with dysfunction of ASD risk genes, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that deletion of Trio, a high-susceptibility gene of ASDs, causes a postnatal dentate gyrus (DG) hypoplasia with a zigzagged suprapyramidal blade, and the Trio-deficient mice display autism-like behaviors. The impaired morphogenesis of DG is mainly caused by disturbing the postnatal distribution of postmitotic granule cells (GCs), which further results in a migration deficit of neural progenitors. Furthermore, we reveal that Trio plays different roles in various excitatory neural cells by spatial transcriptomic sequencing, especially the role of regulating the migration of postmitotic GCs. In summary, our findings provide evidence of cellular mechanisms that Trio is involved in postnatal DG morphogenesis.
High Added Value Products from Agroindustrial Residues: Study on Microfibrillated Cellulose for Food Applications
Authors: Aguiló-Aguayo I. , Albaladejo P. , Gallur M. , Abadias M. , Ortiz J. , Viñas I. , Lafarga T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWaste composition range from simple sugars to complex polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, and hemicellulose, including more complex sources such as lignin, lipids, and proteins. This composition suggests its use as raw materials that can potentially be valued by different techniques and used as resources for new food additives, leading to economic and environmental benefits. In this work, the extraction and production of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as the way forward to valorise agroindustrial residues. The high surface area and aspect ratio, rheological behaviour, water absorption and absence of cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of MFC studied in the present study facilitate its use in food applications as stabilizing and texturizer agent. This work has two main goals: The first goal is the production of MFC using a method based on the combination of green chemical and mechanical pre-treatment of the feedstock followed by a disintegration process of the cellulose obtained from agroindustrial residues. The results revealed that the different MFC obtained have a quality comparable with commercial MFC, which is reported by the determination of the Quality Index (QI). QI values between 50 and 63 are obtained with the agroindustrial subproducts tested. The MFC was also characterized using several techniques such as FTIR, SEM and TGA. The second goal is the MFC validation as thickener agent in food (mayonnaise, peach nectar, strawberry syrup and puree apple). First, a rheological study was carried out to observe the MFC thixotropic behaviour. Second, to evaluate techno-functional properties in-vivo, MFC was compared in terms of functionality with the seven additives commonly used in the industry: tare gum, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, pectin, agar and gelatine. The results revealed that the sample with 0.1% MFC exhibited a reduced thixotropic behavior compared to the other samples (1, 1.5 and 2%). Compared with commercial gums, MFC exhibits the highest water activity (0.87 ± 0.00) and the most alkaline pH value (10.10 ± 0.01). In the in vivo dietary models, thermal stabilization values after 15 min at 85 °C indicate that gums perform better than MFC and carrageenan in mayonnaise stabilization. This study also reveals that gums are more effective in stabilizing the cloud, while gelatine or MFC-containing samples exhibit a higher cloud volume after 30 min of stabilization. Notably, the cloud suspension of peach nectar with MFC-containing samples compares favorably to the control without gums (20 to 40%). This comprehensive study underscores the potential of MFC as a versatile and eco-friendly alternative in food applications, aligning with the broader goals of sustainable waste management and environmentally conscious practices in the agroindustrial sector.
Graphical Abstract
Numerical Modelling of Debris Flows for Simulation-Based Decision Support: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Abraham Minu Treesa , Satyam Neelima , Kowalski Julia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDebris flows are catastrophic landslides owing to their very high velocities and impact. The number of such flows is likely to increase due to an increase of extreme weather events in a changing climate. At the same time, risk reduction and mitigation plans call for a quantitative assessment of the hazard. Numerical models are powerful tools in quantifying debris flows in terms of flow height and velocity with respect to both space and time, and to derive mitigation-relevant diagnostics such as impacted area. However, the current modelling practices possess critical challenges that limit their application in a forward-directed analysis to predict the debris flow’s impact. This work provides an overview of the past and current practices in debris flow modelling, their potential use in simulation-based decision support and the challenges and future research scope in computational debris flow modelling, based on the recent literature.
Neonatal cerebral ultrasound: anatomical variants and age-related diseases
Authors: Fichera Giulia , Stramare Roberto , Bisogno Gianni , Wyttenbach Rolf , Goeggel Barbara Simonetti , Del Grande Filippo , Giraudo Chiara , Lacalamita Marirosa Cristallo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCerebral ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging technique widely used for the assessment of brain anatomy and diseases in neonates and infants. Indeed, it allows a precise characterization of common variants such as cavum septum pellucidum or diseases like intraventricular hemorrhage. The aim of this pictorial review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the main ultrasound features of the most common cerebral anatomical variants and disorders detectable by cerebral ultrasound using an age-related approach which could support non-subspecialized radiologists.
Theoretical and experimental research on static stiffness, performance, and lift-off characteristics of multi-layer gas foil thrust bearings
Authors: Hu Yang , Ding Pengjing , Wu Fangling , Wang Xiaojing , Liang Bo , Meng Yonggang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new comprehensive fully coupled elastic-hydrodynamic model is developed for a multi-layer gas foil thrust bearing (GFTB). The interaction effects among the top foil, back board, middle foil, and bottom foil, as well as the Coulomb friction effect, are considered. The stiffness and static characteristics obtained by the experimental and theoretical approaches are in good agreement, which verifies the accuracy of the model. The contribution of each foil layer to the overall stiffness and the load-carrying mechanism are analyzed. Interaction effects of the load, preload, and rotational speed on the static performance are investigated comprehensively. Furthermore, start-stop tests are performed to achieve the lift-off speed, start-up torque, and shut-down torque under various operating conditions.
Visual-based vehicle detection with adaptive oversampling
Authors: Lim Chin Hong , Connie Tee , Ong Thian Song , Goh Michael Kah Ong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, the class imbalance issue in vehicle detection was addressed. Specifically, certain classes such as Tow Truck were found to have significantly fewer samples compared to others such as normal trucks. This imbalance could be adversely impacted algorithm performance, favouring abundant classes over underrepresented ones. After thorough analysis, an adaptive dataset augmentation approach was proposed for the underrepresented classes. Evaluation was first performed on classic and state-of-the-art object detection methods. All experiments were undertaken on a tiny dataset called Multimedia University Diversity Dataset (MMUVD). The fastest training process and the highest mean average precision (mAP), which stood at 0.686 for mAP50 and 0.439 for mAP50-95, were demonstrated by You Only Look Once version 8 nano (YOLOv8n). By applying adaptive oversampling to the dataset and retesting it again on YOLOv8n, mAP50 was improved to 0.950 and mAP50-95 to 0.717, respectively. Notably, the contribution lay in identifying the optimal detection algorithm for vehicle detection, and the proposed adaptive oversampling method ensured consistent performance across all classes, enhancing the overall accuracy and reliability of the system.
A Lipschitz metric for $$\alpha $$-dissipative solutions to the Hunter–Saxton equation
Authors: Grunert Katrin , Tandy Matthew 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe explore the Lipschitz stability of solutions to the Hunter–Saxton equation with respect to the initial data. In particular, we study the stability of $$ \alpha $$
α
-dissipative solutions constructed using a generalised method of characteristics approach, where $$\alpha $$
α
is a function determining the energy loss at each position in space.
Circularity Reinforcement of Critical Raw Materials in Europe: A Case of Niobium
Authors: von Rennenberg Theresa , Yu Yifei , Fraccascia Luca , Yazan Devrim Murat 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCritical Raw Materials attract increasing attention due to their depleting reserves and low recyclability. Niobium, one of the most rare and vital elements, is primarily found in Brazil. This research explores the potential impact of Circular Economy (CE) strategies on mitigating niobium's criticality within Europe. First, a niobium supply chain is designed and analysed by Enterprise Input–Output modelling. Second, the supply risk is calculated based on the criticality matrix proposed by the European Commission under three scenarios associated with resources, technologies, and policies. The results show that urban mining is a potential solution to reduce niobium’s criticality and mitigate its environmental impacts. A higher recycling input rate and/or a mix of recycling and substitution strategies is necessary to offset niobium’s criticality. Aligned with the CE action plan, the research offers a scientific foundation to strategically prevent the risk of niobium supply shortages.
Synergistically Augmenting Cancer Immunotherapy by Physical Manipulation of Pyroptosis Induction
Authors: Zhao Chenyang , Zheng Tingting , Wang Run , Lin Xiaona , Hu Zhengming , Zhao Zhuofei , Dai Zhifei , Sun Desheng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPyroptosis is a newly recognized type of programmed cell death mediated by the gasdermin family and caspase. It is characterized by the formation of inflammasomes and the following inflammatory responses. Recent studies have elucidated the value of pyroptosis induction in cancer treatment. The inflammatory cytokines produced during pyroptosis can trigger immune responses to suppress malignancy. Physical approaches for cancer treatment, including radiotherapy, light-based techniques (photodynamic and photothermal therapy), ultrasound-based techniques (sonodynamic therapy and focused ultrasound), and electricity-based techniques (irreversible electroporation and radiofrequency ablation), are effective in clinical application. Recent studies have reported that pyroptosis is involved in the treatment process of physical approaches. Manipulating pyroptosis using physical approaches can be utilized in combating cancer, according to recent studies. Pyroptosis-triggered immunotherapy can be combined with the original anti-tumor methods to achieve a synergistic therapy and improve the therapeutic effect. Studies have also revealed that enhancing pyroptosis may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to some physical approaches. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the associations between pyroptosis and various physical approaches for cancer and its underlying mechanisms. We also discussed the role of pyroptosis-triggered immunotherapy in the treatment process of physical manipulation.
Design principles for e-learning platforms featuring higher-education students’ enterprise systems end-user training
Authors: Wienand Mareen , Wulfert Tobias , Hoang Hiep 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnterprise systems are complex information systems that are inevitable for companies’ success. As enterprise systems are only successful when used continuously and efficiently by end-users, knowledge on how to use them has become an important skill for employees. Research and practice favor an early obtainment of these skills for employees. Thus, it is usual to train students in enterprise systems usage before they start their professional career. Even though in organizational settings e-learning based approaches gain momentum, adapting design instances of multi-purpose platforms like Udacity, Udemy or Coursera existing approaches directed at students are scarce. Nevertheless, a well-informed e-learning platform design can support the learning process. Therefore, we investigate the design of e-learning platforms featuring students’ enterprise system end-user training. To address the lack of guidance on designing such e-learning platforms, we proposed four meta-requirements and ten design principles to increase students’ learning success on e-learning platforms focusing on students’ end-user training. To achieve this goal and to ground our results on empiricism, we collected data about e-learning-platform design from three data sources: (1) We reviewed the existing literature, (2) carried out a multi-case analysis, and (3) derived insights from implementing an e-learning platform for students’ end-user training and thereby demonstrating the applicability of the design principles. Finally, we evaluated the implementation. Following the design principles, learning success should be increased by a flexible learning environment with easy access and use, propelled motivation, and fostered information exchange.
Revisiting the Global Methane Cycle Through Expert Opinion
Authors: Rosentreter Judith A. , Alcott Lewis , Maavara Taylor , Sun Xin , Zhou Yong , Planavsky Noah J. , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn accurate quantification of global methane sources and sinks is imperative for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. A key challenge of quantifying the Global Methane Budget (Saunois et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd‐12‐1561‐2020) is the lack of consistency in uncertainties between sectors. Here we provide a new perspective on bottom‐up (BU) and top‐down (TD) methane uncertainties by using an expert opinion analysis based on a questionnaire conducted in 2021. Expectedly, experts rank highest uncertainty and lowest confidence levels in the Global Methane Budget related to natural sources in BU budgets. Here, we further reveal specific uncertainty types and introduce a ranking system for uncertainties in each sector. We find that natural source uncertainty is related particularly to driver data uncertainty in freshwater, vegetation, and coastal/ocean sources, as well as parameter uncertainty in wetland models. Reducing uncertainties, most notably in aquatic and wetland sources will help balance future BU and TD global methane budgets. We suggest a new methane source partitioning over gradients of human disturbance and demonstrate that 76.3% (75.8%–79.4%) or 561 (443–700) Tg CH4 yr−1 of global emissions can be attributed to moderately impacted, man‐made, artificial, or fully anthropogenic sources and 23.7% (20.6%–24.2%) or 174 (115–223) Tg CH4 yr−1 to natural and low impacted methane sources. Finally, we identify current research gaps and provide a plan of action to reduce current uncertainties in the Global Methane Budget.
Sedimentology of Modern Bahamian Carbonate Slopes: Summary and Update
Authors: Fauquembergue K. , Mulder T. , Reijmer J. , Hanquiez V. , Betzler C. , Ducassou E. , Recouvreur A. , Principaud M. , Borgomano J. , Wilk S. , Poli E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSlopes adjacent to the Bahamian carbonate platform revealed a large variety of depositional processes. In this study, we present a synthesis summarizing 109,000 km2 of bathymetric and reflectivity data with ∼7,900 km of seismic lines and 311 m of sediment cores that were obtained over the last 50 years. These data are used to develop a conceptual model of sedimentation patterns on Quaternary carbonate slope systems and their interaction with the adjacent shallow‐water carbonate platforms. Our data highlight that during the Quaternary, factors controlling large‐scale sedimentation on Bahamian slopes have numerous similarities as they have higher sedimentation rates during interglacials. At a small scale, every slope has its own characteristics that are contemporary controlled by two main characteristics: (a) facies on the adjacent shallow‐water platform, and (b) the impact of shallow‐ and deep‐water currents. Large‐scale tectonics influence sediment deposition as it determines the position of the islands and impacts platform facies distribution.