bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hairpin Electrochemical Aptasensor for Sensitive and Specific Detection of Thrombin Based on Homogenous Target Recognition
Authors: Fu Hu , Ge Chuang , Cheng Wei , Luo Caihui , Zhang Decai , Yan Li , He Yun , Yi Gang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn electrochemical aptasensor was developed for sensitive and specific detection of thrombin by combining homogenous recognition strategy and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) amplification. Streptavidin‐alkaline phosphatase was used as reporter molecule. Compared with the traditional hairpin aptasensor monitoring the distance of the redox molecule from the electrode surface, the proposed aptasensor successfully overcome the limitations of distance and improved the stability and high affinity of the aptamer hairpin through homogenous recognition, which enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors effectively. Additionally, AuNPs were employed to increase the active area and conductivity of the electrode, thus, improving the sensitivity of the aptasensor. As a result, the designed thrombin detection sensor obtained a lower detection limit of 0.52 pM in buffer and 6.9 pM in blood serum.
β‐Cyclodextrin‐Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles/Poly(L‐cysteine) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Metronidazole
Authors: Gu Yue , Liu Weilu , Chen Ruixue , Zhang Li , Zhang Zhiquan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA simple electrochemical method was developed to determine metronidazole based on β‐cyclodextrin‐functionalized gold nanoparticles/poly(L‐cysteine) modified glassy carbon electrode (β‐CD‐GNPs/poly(L‐cys)/GCE). The electropolymerized film of poly(L‐cys) provides a stable matrix for the fabrication of a sensing interface. β‐CD‐GNPs can form inclusion complexes with metronidazole and act as a modifier with catalytic function. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards metronidazole. The reaction of metronidazole at the modified electrode was an irreversible process controlled by diffusion. Under optimum experimental conditions, the logarithm of catalytic currents shows a good linear relationship with that of the metronidazole concentration in the range of 0.1–600 µmol/L with a low detection limit of 14 nmol/L. In addition, the modified electrode exhibited satisfactory stability, sensitivity and reproducibility, and could be applied to the determination of metronidazole in an injection solution.
Disposable Horseradish Peroxidase Biosensors for the Selective Determination of Tyramine
Authors: Calvo‐Pérez Ana , Domínguez‐Renedo Olga , Alonso‐Lomillo M Asunción , Arcos‐Martínez M Julia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis work reports the development of horseradish peroxidase based biosensors using screen‐printed carbon electrodes for the determination of tyramine (tyr). A novel procedure based on the insertion of the enzyme in the screen‐printing process (SPCHRPEs) has been compared with the cross‐linked immobilization into the carbon working electrode (HRP/SPCEs). Both biosensors were characterized obtaining good capability of detection (2.1±0.2 and 0.2±0.01 µM for SPCHRPEs and HRP/SPCEs, respectively). The reproducibility was 3.4 % and 6.8 % for SPCHRPEs and HRP/SPCEs, respectively. The repeatability was 2.2 % and 7.1 % for SPCHRPEs and HRP/SPCEs, respectively. The specificity towards different biogenic amines was analyzed. The developed biosensors were applied to the determination of tyr content in cheese samples.
Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Cucurbit[6]uril on a Gold Electrode for 4,4′‐Oxydianiline Determination. Analytical Application
Authors: Domínguez C. S. H. , Quintana M. C. , Hernández P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSelf‐assembled monolayers of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) on a gold electrode have been used for 4,4′‐oxydialine (ODA) analysis. The formation of the supramolecular complex between ODA and CB[6] was used for the molecular selection and the electroanalytical determination of this analyte. In addition to this, all the parameters affecting the modification of the gold electrode and the determination of 4,4′‐oxydianiline were optimized by square wave voltammetry. Upon the electrode modification, pentanethiol was employed to fill up the exposed surface between CB[6] molecules. The calculated detection and determination limits were 0.06 µg mL−1 and 0.19 µg mL−1, respectively, with good accuracy and precision as shown by the calculated values for the relative error and relative standard deviation (Er=0.1 % and RDS=2.9 %; n=10 ). Moreover, the developed methodology was successfully applied to the 4,4′‐oxydialine determination in real wastewaters and shoe‐dyeing samples.
Cloning of Skeletal Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Family From Adult Pleopod Muscle and Whole Larvae of Shrimps
Authors: KOYAMA HIROKI , PIYAPATTANAKORN SANIT , WATABE SHUGO 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe physiological and biological properties of skeletal muscle in crustacea have not been well understood compared with those of vertebrates. The present study focused on myosin, the major protein in skeletal muscle, from shrimps. In our previous study, two full‐length genes encoding myosin heavy chain (MHC), a large subunit of the myosin molecule, were cloned from abdominal fast skeletal muscle of kurumaMarsupenaeus japonicus, black tigerPenaeus monodonand Pacific whitePenaeus vannameishrimps, and named as MHCa and MHCb. In this study, we renamed these as MHC1 and MHC2, respectively, due to the presence of various isoforms newly identified. Partial MHC sequences were identified from pleopod muscle of these shrimps. Two MHCs, named MHC3 and MHC4, were identified from pleopod muscle of kuruma shrimp, whereas two MHCs, named MHC4 and MHC5, were cloned from Pacific white shrimp pleopod. MHC3 was cloned only from black tiger shrimp pleopod. Partial MHC sequences from zoea, mysis, and postlarvae of black tiger and Pacific white shrimps were also determined. The phylogenetic tree demonstrated that most MHCs from pleopod muscle and larval MHCs formed clades with MHC1 and MHC2, respectively. These MHCs were considered to be of fast type, since MHC1 and MHC2 are fast‐type MHCs according to our previous study. MHC5 obtained from pleopod muscle of Pacific white shrimp in this study was monophyletic with American lobsterHomarus americanusS2slow tonic MHC previously reported, indicating that MHC5 from Pacific white shrimp is of slow type.J. Exp. Zool. 319A:268–276, 2013. © 2013© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum 25(OH) Vitamin D Concentration Changes After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Beckman Lauren M. , Earthman Carrie P. , Thomas William , Compher Charlene W. , Muniz Juan , Horst Ronald L. , Ikramuddin Sayeed , Kellogg Todd A. , Sibley Shalamar D. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo describe serum 25(OH)D changes after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to determine if fat mass (FM) loss and vitamin D intake are associated with changes in serum levels.Design and Methods:The relationship between serum 25(OH)D and 1) FM, 2) weight, 3) % excess weight loss (EWL), and 4) BMI was investigated after controlling for potential confounders using a mixed effects linear model in 20 women before and up to 1‐year post‐RYGB. Subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) vitamin D concentrations at time of RYGB were also evaluated.ResultsWeight and FM decreased 1‐year after surgery by 45 ± 1 kg and 37 ± 1 kg, respectively while 25(OH)D increased by 10 ± 2 ng mL−1. Weight, FM, BMI, and %EWL changes were associated with 25(OH)D change. VAT had an average 21% more vitamin D per gram than SAT and concentrations were highly correlated.ConclusionsAlthough weight loss may lead to increased serum 25(OH)D after RYGB, low levels remain a concern in some patients 1‐year postsurgery. Additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between adipose storage of vitamin D and serum 25(OH)D in obesity, and how that relationship might change after surgery. This could lead to improved clinical management of vitamin D in this ever‐growing clinical population.
Treatment with a SOD mimetic reduces visceral adiposity, adipocyte death, and adipose tissue inflammation in high fat‐fed mice
Authors: Pires Karla M. , Ilkun Olesya , Valente Marina , Boudina Sihem 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveObesity is associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in adipose tissue. However, a causal role for ROS in adipose tissue expansion after high fat feeding is not established. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the cell permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic and peroxynitrite scavenger Mn(III)tetrakis(4‐benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) on adipose tissue expansion and remodeling in response to high fat diet (HFD) in mice.Design and MethodsMale C57BL/6j mice were fed normal chow or high fat diet (HFD) and treated with saline or MnTBAP for 5 weeks. The effects of MnTBAP on body weights, whole body energy expenditure, adipose tissue morphology, and gene expression were determined.ResultsMnTBAP attenuated weight gain and adiposity through a reduction in adipocyte hypertrophy, adipogenesis, and fatty acid uptake in epididymal (eWAT) but not in inguinal (iWAT) white adipose tissue. Furthermore, MnTBAP reduced adipocyte death and inflammation in eWAT and diminished circulating levels of free fatty acids and leptin. Despite these improvements, the development of systemic insulin resistance and diabetes after HFD was not prevented with MnTBAP treatment.ConclusionsTaken together, these data suggest a causal role for ROS in the development of diet‐induced visceral adiposity but not in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Use of in situ solid-phase adsorption in microbial natural product fermentation development
Authors: Phillips Thomas , Chase Matthew , Wagner Stephanie , Renzi Chris , Powell Marcella , DeAngelo Joseph , Michels Peter 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
It has been half a century since investigators first began experimenting with adding ion exchange resins during the fermentation of microbial natural products. With the development of nonionic polymeric adsorbents in the 1970s, the application of in situ product adsorption in bioprocessing has grown slowly, but steadily. To date, in situ product adsorption strategies have been used in biotransformations, plant cell culture, the production of biofuels, and selected bulk chemicals, such as butanol and lactic acid, as well as in more traditional natural product fermentation within the pharmaceutical industry. Apart from the operational gains in efficiency from the integration of fermentation and primary recovery, the addition of adsorbents during fermentation has repeatedly demonstrated the capacity to significantly increase titers by sequestering the product and preventing or mitigating degradation, feedback inhibition and/or cytotoxic effects. Adoption of in situ product adsorption has been particularly valuable in the early stages of natural product-based drug discovery programs, where quickly and cost-effectively generating multigram quantities of a lead compound can be challenging when using a wild-type strain and fermentation conditions that have not been optimized. While much of the literature involving in situ adsorption describes its application early in the drug development process, this does not imply that the potential for scale-up is limited. To date, commercial-scale processes utilizing in situ product adsorption have reached batch sizes of at least 30,000 l. Here we present examples where in situ product adsorption has been used to improve product titers or alter the ratios among biosynthetically related natural products, examine some of the relevant variables to consider, and discuss the mechanisms by which in situ adsorption may impact the biosynthesis of microbial natural products.
-FUNCTIONS OF ELLIPTIC CURVES AND BINARY RECURRENCES
Authors: LUCA FLORIAN , OYONO ROGER , YALCINER AYNUR 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLet $L(s, E)= {\mathop{\sum }\nolimits}_{n\geq 1} {a}_{n} {n}^{- s} $ be the $L$-series corresponding to an elliptic curve $E$ defined over $ \mathbb{Q} $ and $\mathbf{u} = \mathop{\{ {u}_{m} \} }\nolimits_{m\geq 0} $ be a nondegenerate binary recurrence sequence. We prove that if ${ \mathcal{M} }_{E} $ is the set of $n$ such that ${a}_{n} \not = 0$ and ${ \mathcal{N} }_{E} $ is the subset of $n\in { \mathcal{M} }_{E} $ such that $\vert {a}_{n} \vert = \vert {u}_{m} \vert $ holds with some integer $m\geq 0$, then ${ \mathcal{N} }_{E} $ is of density $0$ as a subset of ${ \mathcal{M} }_{E} $.
A GENERATING FUNCTION OF THE SQUARES OF LEGENDRE POLYNOMIALS
Authors: ZUDILIN WADIM 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe relate a one-parametric generating function for the squares of Legendre polynomials to an arithmetic hypergeometric series whose parametrisation by a level 7 modular function was recently given by Cooper. By using this modular parametrisation we resolve a subfamily of identities involving$1/ \pi $which was experimentally observed by Sun.
Autosomal inheritance of alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, resistance in Anopheles stephensi – Liston, a malaria mosquito
Authors: Prasad T.P.N. Hari , Shetty N.J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAnopheles stephensi – Liston (Culicidae: Diptera) is an important urban malarial vector in the Indian sub-continent, accounting for about 15% of the total annual malaria incidence. Chemical control represents a key strategy in the management of this insect vector. However, owing to erratic and continuous application of insecticides, resistance has become a common phenomenon among them and their control has become an uphill task. The genetics of alphamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid resistance was studied to determine its mode of inheritance. The late third instar larvae were selectively inbred for 27 and ten generations to synthesize homozygous resistant (R) and susceptible (S) stocks, respectively, to the diagnostic dose of 0.12 mg l−1. The log-dosage probit mortality relationships and degree of dominance (D) were calculated. Resistance was observed in both sexes, the dosage-mortality (d-m) line of F1 was towards the resistant parent and the ‘D’ value was found to be 0.8 indicating alphamethrin resistant (amr) gene to be autosomal and incompletely dominant. The d-m lines of F2/backcross exhibited a clear plateau of mortality across a range of doses indicating monogenic resistance. The null hypothesis for monogenic resistance was tested from mortality data of backcross progeny compared with theoretical expectations using the χ2 test and was found to be non-significant. Understanding genetics of insecticide resistance is significant in prediction and management of resistant insects. The amr genes can be used as genetic marker in A. stephensi, which can be used in several applications in conducting basic and applied genetic research.
Complications of long-term ventilation tubes
Authors: Mohammed H , Martinez-Devesa P 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:To demonstrate that ventilation tubes can remain in situ much longer than expected, and that the materials used in the manufacturing of these tubes can degrade and cause complications. Long-term follow up and replacement of the tube is recommended.Method:Case report and review of the literature concerning the use of long-term ventilation tubes.Results:In the case reported, the ventilation tube was in place for 19 years, which resulted in chronic ear discharge. When it was removed, it was noted that the tube itself had degraded and had caused a chronic inflammatory reaction.Conclusion:We recommend that the long-term use of ventilation tubes is followed up and that the tube is replaced before material degradation takes place.
The emergence of productive speech and language in Spanish-learning paediatric cochlear implant users
Authors: MORENO-TORRES IGNACIO 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been proposed that cochlear implant users may develop robust categorical perception skills, but that they show limited precision in perception. This article explores if a parallel contrast is observable in production, and if, despite acquiring typical linguistic representations, their early words are inconsistent. The participants were eight Spanish-learning deaf children implanted before their second birthday. Two studies examined the transition from babbling to words, and the one-word period. Study 1 found that the participants used the same sound types in babbling and in words, indicating that production is guided by stored motor patterns. No clear evidence of inconsistent production was observed. Study 2 found that in the one-word period CI users develop typical prosodic representations, but that their productions are highly unstable. Results are discussed in terms of the role of auditory feedback for the development of productive language skills.
Estimating the number of injecting drug users in Scotland's HCV-diagnosed population using capture–recapture methods
Authors: McDONALD S. A. , HUTCHINSON S. J. , SCHNIER C. , McLEOD A. , GOLDBERG D. J. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn countries maintaining national hepatitis C virus (HCV) surveillance systems, a substantial proportion of individuals report no risk factors for infection. Our goal was to estimate the proportion of diagnosed HCV antibody-positive persons in Scotland (1991–2010) who probably acquired infection through injecting drug use (IDU), by combining data on IDU risk from four linked data sources using log-linear capture–recapture methods. Of 25 521 HCV-diagnosed individuals, 14 836 (58%) reported IDU risk with their HCV diagnosis. Log-linear modelling estimated a further 2484 HCV-diagnosed individuals with IDU risk, giving an estimated prevalence of 83. Stratified analyses indicated variation across birth cohort, with estimated prevalence as low as 49% in persons born before 1960 and greater than 90% for those born since 1960. These findings provide public-health professionals with a more complete profile of Scotland's HCV-infected population in terms of transmission route, which is essential for targeting educational, prevention and treatment interventions.
Hobbes, Desire, and the Democratization of Rhetoric
Authors: O'Gorman Ned 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis article considers the modern melding of rhetoric and democracy by looking at the approach to rhetoric in the early-modern figure Thomas Hobbes. While other scholars have considered Hobbes's approach to rhetoric in terms of humanistic, Ramistic, and Aristotelian influences, I look at it in light of the psychagogic tradition of rhetoric still active in the Renaissance. Reading Hobbes in light of the psychagogic tradition makes his approach to rhetoric less equivocal or contradictory than is often supposed, even as it helps us see in Hobbes's work a concerted effort to democratize rhetoric. I conclude that the real tension Hobbes presents us with is not found in his approach to rhetoric, which is relatively consistent, but rather in what his work suggests about the tensions of a democratized rhetoric.
Novel Hemi-Staple for the Fusionless Correction of Pediatric Scoliosis
Authors: Driscoll Mark , Aubin Carl-Éric , Moreau Alain , Wakula Yaroslav , Amini Samira , Parent Stefan 
Published: March 2013

Study Design:
In vivo porcine model utilized to evaluate the influence of an intravertebral fusionless growth modulating device (hemi-staple) on intervertebral disks and growth plates.

Objective:
To evaluate the radiographic and histologic changes in disks and growth plates with the purpose of measuring influence of the explored hemi-staple.

Summary of Background Data:
Fusionless growth modulation for the early treatment of scoliosis should insure the long-term viability of the intervertebral disk and successfully reduce or arrest local growth. A novel hemi-staple that proved effective in the control of coronal spinal alignment warranted further analyses of its influence on the disk health and growth-plate morphology.

Methods:
A hemi-staple that inhibited local vertebral growth exclusive of the disk was introduced over T5–T8 in 4 immature pigs (16 vertebrae; experimental), whereas 3 underwent surgery without instrumentation (sham) and 2 had no intervention (control). Three-month follow-up before animal euthanasia provided radiographic (disk height and health) and histologic (growth plate morphology, disk health, and type X collagen distribution) analyses.

Results:
No postoperative complications were experienced. Radiographic data returned inverse disk wedging (greater disk height adjacent to device, 2.6±0.7 mm compared with the noninstrumented side, 1.8±0.5 mm) in experimental segments and suggested disk viability. Histologic data confirmed device growth modulation through significant local reduction of growth plate hypertrophic zone (125.64±16.61 μm and 61.16±8.25 μm in noninstrumented and instrumented sections, respectively) and cell height (16.14±1.87 μm and 9.22±1.57 μm in noninstrumented and instrumented sections, respectively). A variability of disk health, dependant of device insertion location, was observed. Type X collagen was consistently identified in experimental growth plates and absent from intervertebral disks.

Conclusions:
Hemi-staples decreased growth plate hypertrophic zone and cell height, and, depending on device insertion site, showed positive signs of disk health sustainability. Spinal growth modulation achieved exclusive of disk compression, as practiced by this method, offers unique advantages over other fusionless techniques. This technique may provide a suitable and attractive alternative for the early treatment of idiopathic scoliosis.
Pegylated Interferon Induced Myasthenia Crisis—A Case Report
Authors: Congeni Jonathan P. , Kirkpatrick Robert B. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) have antiviral, antimitogenic, and immunostimulatory effects and are often used in the treatment of viral hepatitis and some neoplasms. Combination pegylated IFN-alpha and ribavirin therapy is currently recommended for the treatment of hepatitis C. Triple therapy, with the addition of a protease inhibitor, such as telaprevir or boceprevir, has recently become a mainstay of therapy for certain genotypes. There have also been reports outlining side effects associated with conventional IFN therapy and its immunostimulatory effects, which may cause autoimmune phenomena, including but not limited to Guillain–Barre syndrome, polymyositis, acute and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy, and myasthenia gravis. Although a number of cases of interferon-induced myasthenia gravis have been reported, we present a case of interferon-induced myasthenia crisis that developed soon after retreatment of hepatitis C with combination interferon, ribavirin, and telaprevir.
BEVACIZUMAB PRESURGICAL TREATMENT FOR PROLIFERATIVE SICKLE-CELL RETINOPATHY-RELATED RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Moshiri Ala , Ha Nguyen Khoi , Ko Fang S. , Scott Adrienne W. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose:
To report the use of presurgical intravitreal bevacizumab in the context of proliferative sickle-cell retinopathy with retinal detachment.

Methods:
Intravitreal bevacizumab was injected 3 days before the surgical procedure for traction retinal detachment. Vitrectomy, membrane peeling, endolaser, and SF6 gas tamponade were performed. A 37-year-old African American woman presented with hemoglobin sickle-cell disease and temporal retinal detachment with bullous subretinal fluid extending through the fovea associated with an area of active sea-fan retinal neovascularization with preretinal hemorrhage and retinal traction, with 3 associated retinal breaks.

Results:
The sea-fan neovascularization associated with the traction retinal detachment and the resultant retinal breaks appeared more fibrotic and les vascular than was noted prior to the pre-operative bevacizumab injection. Segmentation and dissection were performed with minimal bleeding, and retinal traction was relieved without difficulty. This was believed to be atypical in the experience of the surgeons. One month postoperatively, vision measured 20/50, and the retina remained attached.

Conclusion:
Further study is necessary to clarify the role of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of proliferative sickle cell retinopathy associated retinal detachment.