bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioorthogonal Profiling of Protein Methylation (BPPM) Using an Azido Analog of S‐Adenosyl‐L‐Methionine
Authors: Blum Gil , Islam Kabirul , Luo Minkui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractProtein methyltransferases (PMTs) utilize S‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM) as a cofactor and transfer its sulfonium methyl moiety to diverse substrates. These methylation events can lead to meaningful biological outcomes, from transcriptional activation/silencing to cell cycle regulation. This article describes recently developed technology based on protein engineering in tandem with SAM analog cofactors and bioorthogonal click chemistry to unambiguously profile the substrates of a specific PMT. The protocols encapsulate the logic and methods of selectively profiling the substrates of a candidate PMT by (1) engineering the selected PMT to accommodate a bulky SAM analog; (2) generating a proteome containing the engineered PMT; (3) visualizing the proteome‐wide substrates of the designated PMT via bioorthogonal labeling with a fluorescent tag; and finally (4) pulling down the proteome‐wide substrates for mass spectrometric analysis. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 5:45‐66 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Usefulness of Computed Tomography in the Etiologic Evaluation of Adult Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Kang Byung Chul , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Lee Jeong Hyun , Jung Jae Hoon , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundUnilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) may present as an uncommon complication of extralaryngeal neoplasms, requiring diagnostic scrutiny to seek occult tumors or diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the utility of computed tomography (CT) in evaluating adult UVFP of unknown etiology.MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2011, UVFP was diagnosed in 822 patients at our tertiary‐care center. In 634 patients, a readily identifiable cause of the UVFP was evident and therefore there was no need for any imaging; in the remaining 188 patients, the etiology could not be determined. Among this latter group, 153 patients underwent chest radiography (CXR) and contrast‐enhanced CT imaging from the skull base to the midchest.ResultsIn 36 of the 153 (23.5 %) patients, CT revealed the cause of the UVFP: lung cancer in 12 patients, thyroid carcinoma in 7 patients, skull‐base tumor in 4 patients, aortic aneurysm in 4 patients, esophageal cancer in 3 patients, thymus tumor in 2 patients, pericardial effusion in 1 patient, and other neck lesions in 3 patients. CXR and neck ultrasonography also identified the etiology in 14 and 12 patients, respectively. During follow‐up after the initial CT, none of the patients with idiopathic UVFP was determined to have an underlying disease that would have explained the paralysis.ConclusionCT is a useful single‐imaging method for evaluating the etiology of adult UVFP. This approach may reveal occult tumors or previously undiagnosed diseases as the cause of the paralysis, thus improving patient care.
ON NEAR-PERFECT NUMBERS WITH TWO DISTINCT PRIME FACTORS
Authors: REN XIAO-ZHI , CHEN YONG-GAO 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecently, Pollack and Shevelev [‘On perfect and near-perfect numbers’, J. Number Theory 132 (2012), 3037–3046] introduced the concept of near-perfect numbers. A positive integer $n$ is called near-perfect if it is the sum of all but one of its proper divisors. In this paper, we determine all near-perfect numbers with two distinct prime factors.
Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Buchanan B. G. , Rossell S. L. , Maller J. J. , Toh W. L. , Brennan S. , Castle D. J. 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundSeveral neuroimaging studies have investigated brain grey matter in people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), showing possible abnormalities in the limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei and temporal lobes. This study takes these findings forward by investigating white matter properties in BDD compared with controls using diffusion tensor imaging. It was hypothesized that the BDD sample would have widespread significantly reduced white matter connectivity as characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA).MethodA total of 20 participants with BDD and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender and handedness underwent diffusion tensor imaging. FA, a measure of water diffusion within a voxel, was compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis across the brain using tract-based spatial statistics within the FSL package.ResultsResults showed that, compared with healthy controls, BDD patients demonstrated significantly lower FA (p < 0.05) in most major white matter tracts throughout the brain, including in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. Lower FA levels could be accounted for by increased radial diffusivity as characterized by eigenvalues 2 and 3. No area of higher FA was found in BDD.ConclusionsThis study provided the first evidence of compromised white matter integrity within BDD patients. This suggests that there are inefficient connections between different brain areas, which may explain the cognitive and emotion regulation deficits within BDD patients.
Gene network requirements for regulation of metabolic gene expression to a desired state
Authors: Berkhout Jan , Teusink Bas , Bruggeman Frank J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGene circuits that control metabolism should restore metabolic functions upon environmental changes. Whether gene networks are capable of steering metabolism to optimal states is an open question. Here we present a method to identify such optimal gene networks. We show that metabolic network optimisation over a range of environments results in an input-output relationship for the gene network that guarantees optimal metabolic states. Optimal control is possible if the gene network can achieve this input-output relationship. We illustrate our approach with the best-studied regulatory network in yeast, the galactose network. We find that over the entire range of external galactose concentrations, the regulatory network is able to optimally steer galactose metabolism. Only a few gene network parameters affect this optimal regulation. The other parameters can be tuned independently for optimisation of other functions, such as fast and low-noise gene expression. This study highlights gene network plasticity, evolvability and modular functionality.
Onfield assessment of concussion in the adult athlete
Authors: Putukian Margot , Raftery Martin , Guskiewicz Kevin , Herring Stanley , Aubry Mark , Cantu Robert C , Molloy Mick 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe onfield assessment of concussion in the adult athlete is challenging, given the elusiveness of injury, the sensitivity and specificity of the sideline assessment tools and the evolving nature of concussive injury. This paper reviews the evidence related to the onfield assessment and considers questions related to same day return to play, what to do when no physician is available onsite, as well as the benefit of remote notification of potential concussive events.ObjectiveTo review the evidence regarding the onfield assessment of concussion in the adult athlete. Additional key issues to consider include same day return to play for the adult athlete with concussion, what to do in a community setting when no doctor is present and whether there is any benefit with remote notification of potential concussive events that occur on the playing field.Data SourcesSystematic literature review of concussion assessment and management. PubMed, MEDLINE, Psych Info and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed using the MeSH key words concussion and mild traumatic brain injury combined with athletic injuries. Each was refined by adding the key words ‘adult’, ‘sideline assessment’, ‘onfield assessment’ and ‘return to play’.ResultsFor the MEDLINE search, using ‘concussion’ and ‘athletic injuries’ as key words, there were 880 results, and refining by ‘adult’ there were 292 results. When ‘traumatic brain injury’ and ‘athletic injuries’ were combined, there were 210 results. When refining by ‘adult’, there were 89 results. Many of these results overlapped. Following an initial review, these articles form the basis of the discussion.ConclusionsThe onfield evaluation of sport-related concussion is often a challenge, given the elusiveness and variability of presentation, difficulty in making a timely diagnosis, specificity and sensitivity of the sideline assessment tools and the reliance on symptoms. Despite these challenges, the sideline evaluation is based on recognition of injury, assessment of symptoms, cognitive and cranial nerve function and balance. Serial assessments are often necessary and, since signs and symptoms may be delayed, erring on the side of caution (keeping an athlete out of participation when there is any suspicion for injury) is important. A standardised assessment of concussion is useful in the assessment of the athlete with suspected concussion but should not take the place of the clinician's judgement.
The difficult concussion patient: what is the best approach to investigation and management of persistent (>10 days) postconcussive symptoms?
Authors: Makdissi Michael , Cantu Robert C , Johnston Karen M , McCrory Paul , Meeuwisse Willem H 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundConcussion in sport typically recovers clinically within 10 days of injury. In some cases, however, symptoms may be prolonged or complications may develop. The objectives of the current paper are to review the literature regarding the difficult concussion and to provide recommendations for an approach to the investigation and management of patients with persistent symptoms.MethodsA qualitative review of the literature on concussion in sport was conducted with a focus on prolonged recovery, long-term complications and management including investigation and treatment strategies. MEDLINE and Sports Discus databases were reviewed.ResultsPersistent symptoms (>10 days) are generally reported in 10–15% of concussions. This figure may be higher in certain sports (eg, ice hockey) and populations (eg, children). In general, symptoms are not specific to concussion and it is important to consider and manage coexistent pathologies. Investigations may include formal neuropsychological testing and conventional neuroimaging to exclude structural pathology. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine clinical use of advanced neuroimaging techniques or genetics markers. Preliminary studies demonstrate the potential benefit of subsymptom threshold activity as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation programme. Limited research is available on pharmacological interventions.ConclusionsCases of concussion in sport where clinical recovery falls outside the expected window (ie, 10 days) should be managed in a multidisciplinary manner by healthcare providers with experience in sports-related concussion. Important components of management, after the initial period of physical and cognitive rest, include associated therapies such as cognitive, vestibular, physical and psychological therapy, assessment for other causes of prolonged symptoms and consideration of a graded exercise programme at a level that does not exacerbate symptoms.
Revisiting the modifiers: how should the evaluation and management of acute concussions differ in specific groups?
Authors: Makdissi Michael , Davis Gavin , Jordan Barry , Patricios Jon , Purcell Laura , Putukian Margot 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundOne of the key difficulties while managing concussion in sport is that there are few prognostic factors to reliably predict clinical outcome. The aims of the current paper are to review the evidence for concussion modifiers and to consider how the evaluation and management of concussion may differ in specific groups.MethodsA qualitative review of the literature on concussion was conducted with a focus on prognostic factors and specific groups including children, female athletes and elite versus non-elite players. PubMed, MEDLINE and SportsDiscus databases were reviewed.ResultsThe literature demonstrates that number and severity of symptoms and previous concussions are associated with prolonged recovery and/or increased risk of complications. Brief loss of consciousness (LOC) and/or impact seizures do not reliably predict outcomes following a concussion, although a cautious approach should be adopted in an athlete with prolonged LOC or impact seizures (ie, >1 min). Children generally take longer to recover from concussions and assessment batteries have yet to be validated in the younger age group. Currently, there are insufficient data on the influence of genetics and gender on outcomes following a concussion.ConclusionsSeveral modifiers are associated with prolonged recovery or increased risk of complications following a concussion and have important implications for management. Children with concussion should be managed conservatively, with an emphasis on return to learn as well as return to sport. In cases of concussions managed with limited resources (eg, non-elite players), a conservative approach should also be taken. There should be an emphasis on concussion education in all sports and at all levels, particularly in junior and community-based competitions.
Composite Three-Marker Assay for Early Detection of Kidney Cancer
Authors: Su Kim Dong , Choi Young Deuk , Moon Mihyang , Kang Suki , Lim Jong-Baeck , Kim Kyung Min , Park Kyung Mok , Cho Nam Hoon 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Background: Early detection of renal cell carcinoma using serum/plasma biomarkers remains challenging. To validate clinical performance of potential candidate markers for kidney tumors, three-marker assay composed of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), L-plastin (LCP1), and nonmetastatic cells 1 protein (NM23A) was evaluated.
Methods: Patients with kidney cancer and control group were included in the clinical evaluation. Participants were divided into cohorts representing the training group of control group including healthy and benign tumors (n = 102) and patients with kidney cancer (n = 87) that were used to identify criteria for scoring. Then, we developed a three-marker assay that was validated with a cohort of test group samples (n = 100). A scoring method based on the cut-point of each of the three markers was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the marker combination.
Results: Plasma levels of NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A were highly elevated in patients with kidney cancer (P &lt; 0.0001). In 289 blind sample tests with control subjects (n = 175) and patients with kidney cancer (n = 114), the diagnostic accuracy of NNMT alone and the three-marker assay was 0.913 and 0.932, respectively. When 90% specificity was defined, the sensitivity of NNMT and the three-marker assay was 71.9% and 95.7%, respectively. The predictive value of the three-marker assay was 87.2% (+PPV) and 97% (−PPV).
Conclusions: The composite assay with NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A was a promising novel serum marker assay for the early detection of malignant kidney tumors covering subtypes of RCC with high diagnostic characteristics.
Impact: NNMT/LCP1/NM23A triple markers could be a helpful screening assay to detect early RCC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(3); 390–8. ©2013 AACR.
Liquid Water Cloud Measurements Using the Raman Lidar Technique: Current Understanding and Future Research Needs
Authors: Sakai Tetsu , Whiteman David N. , Russo Felicita , Turner David D. , Veselovskii Igor , Melfi S. Harvey , Nagai Tomohiro , Mano Yuzo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper describes recent work in the Raman lidar liquid water cloud measurement technique. The range-resolved spectral measurements at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center indicate that the Raman backscattering spectra measured in and below low clouds agree well with theoretical spectra for vapor and liquid water. The calibration coefficients of the liquid water measurement for the Raman lidar at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site of the U.S. Department of Energy were determined by comparison with the liquid water path (LWP) obtained with Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and the liquid water content (LWC) obtained with the millimeter wavelength cloud radar and water vapor radiometer (MMCR–WVR) together. These comparisons were used to estimate the Raman liquid water cross-sectional value. The results indicate a bias consistent with an effective liquid water Raman cross-sectional value that is 28%–46% lower than published, which may be explained by the fact that the difference in the detectors' sensitivity has not been accounted for. The LWP of a thin altostratus cloud showed good qualitative agreement between lidar retrievals and AERI. However, the overall ensemble of comparisons of LWP showed considerable scatter, possibly because of the different fields of view of the instruments, the 350-m distance between the instruments, and the horizontal inhomogeneity of the clouds. The LWC profiles for a thick stratus cloud showed agreement between lidar retrievals and MMCR–WVR between the cloud base and 150 m above that where the optical depth was less than 3. Areas requiring further research in this technique are discussed.
Multiple clinical forms of dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis arise from mutations in PIEZO1
Authors: Andolfo Immacolata , Alper Seth L. , De Franceschi Lucia , Auriemma Carla , Russo Roberta , De Falco Luigia , Vallefuoco Fara , Esposito Maria Rosaria , Vandorpe David H. , Shmukler Boris E. , Narayan Rupa , Montanaro Donatella , D’Armiento Maria , Vetro Annalisa , Limongelli Ivan , Zuffardi Orsetta , Glader Bertil E. , Schrier Stanley L. , Brugnara Carlo , Stewart Gordon W. , Delaunay Jean , Iolascon Achille 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
Dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis is characterized by abnormal RBC morphology but may involve pseudohyperkalemia and perinatal edema. This syndrome is associated with germline mutations in PIEZO1, encoding a transmembrane protein that induces mechanosensitive currents.
Gene and protein patterns of potential prion-related markers in the central nervous system of clinical and preclinical infected sheep
Authors: Filali Hicham , Vidal Enric , Bolea Rosa , Márquez Mercedes , Marco Paola , Vargas Antonia , Pumarola Martí , Martin-Burriel Inmaculada , Badiola Juan J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe molecular pathogenic mechanisms of prion diseases are far from clear. Genomic analyses have revealed genetic biomarkers potentially involved in prion neuropathology in naturally scrapie-infected sheep, a good animal model of infectious prionopathies. However, these biomarkers must be validated in independent studies at different stages of the disease. The gene and protein expression profiles and protein distribution of six potential genetic biomarkers (i.e.,CAPN6,COL1A2,COL3A1, GALA1, MT2AandMTNR1B) are presented here for both the early and terminal stages of scrapie in five different brain regions. Gene transcription changes were confirmed in the medulla oblongata, and the expression profiles were generally similar in other central nervous system regions. The changes were more substantial in clinical animals compared to preclinical animals. The expression of the CAPN6 protein increased in the spinal cord and cerebellum of the clinical and preclinical brains. The distribution of the GALA1 was identified in glial cells from the cerebellum of scrapie-infected animals, GALA1 protein expression was increased in clinical animals in the majority of regions, and the increase of MT2A was in agreement with previous reports. The downregulation of MTNR1B was especially marked in the Purkinje cells. Finally, although collagen genes were downregulated the protein immunostaining did not reveal significant changes between the scrapie-infected and control animals. In conclusion, this study of gene transcription and protein expression and distribution confirm CAPN6, GALA1, MTNR1B and MT2A as potential targets for further prion disease research.
Specific humoral and cellular immunity induced by Trypanosoma cruzi DNA immunization in a canine model
Authors: Arce-Fonseca Minerva , Ballinas-Verdugo Martha A , Zenteno Emma R Abreu , Suárez-Flores Davinia , Carrillo-Sánchez Silvia C , Alejandre-Aguilar Ricardo , Rosales-Encina José Luis , Reyes Pedro A , Rodríguez-Morales Olivia 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Chagas disease has a high incidence in Mexico and other Latin American countries. Because one of the most important known methods of prevention is vector control, which has been effective only in certain areas of South America, the development of a vaccine to protect people at risk has been proposed. In this study, we assessed the cellular and humoral immune response generated following immunization with pBCSP and pBCSSP4 plasmids containing the genes encoding a trans-sialidase protein (present in all three forms of T. cruzi) and an amastigote specific glycoprotein, respectively, in a canine model. Thirty-five beagle dogs were divided randomly into 5 groups (n = 7) and were immunized twice intramuscularly with 500 μg of pBCSSP4, pBCSP, pBk-CMV (empty plasmid) or saline solution. Fifteen days after the last immunization the 4 groups were infected intraperitoneally with 500 000 metacyclic trypomastigotes. The fifth group was unimmunized/infected. The parasitaemia in the immunized/infected dogs was for a shorter period (14 vs. 29 days) and the parasite load was lower. The concentration of IgG1 (0.612 ± 0.019 O.D.) and IgG2 (1.167 ± 0.097 O.D.) subclasses was measured (absorbance) 15 days after the last immunization with both recombinant plasmids, the majority of which were IgG2. The treatment of parasites using the serum from dogs immunized with pBCSP and pBCSSP4 plasmids produced 54% (± 11.8) and 68% (± 21.4) complement-mediated lysis, respectively. At 12 h post immunization, an increase in cytokines was not observed; however, vaccination with pBCSSP4 significantly increased the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 at 9 months post-infection. The recombinant plasmid immunization stimulated the spleen cell proliferation showing a positive stimulatory index above 2.0. In conclusion, immunization using both genes effectively induces a humoral and cellular immune response.