bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering symbolic laws directly from trajectories with hamiltonian graph neural networks
Authors: Bishnoi Suresh , Bhattoo Ravinder , Jayadeva  , Ranu Sayan , Krishnan N M Anoop 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The time evolution of physical systems is described by differential equations, which depend on abstract quantities like energy and force. Traditionally, these quantities are derived as functionals based on observables such as positions and velocities. Discovering these governing symbolic laws is the key to comprehending the interactions in nature. Here, we present a Hamiltonian graph neural network (Hgnn), a physics-enforced Gnn that learns the dynamics of systems directly from their trajectory. We demonstrate the performance of Hgnn on

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springs,

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pendulums, gravitational systems, and binary Lennard Jones systems; Hgnn learns the dynamics in excellent agreement with the ground truth from small amounts of data. We also evaluate the ability of Hgnn to generalize to larger system sizes, and to a hybrid spring-pendulum system that is a combination of two original systems (spring and pendulum) on which the models are trained independently. Finally, employing symbolic regression on the learned Hgnn, we infer the underlying equations relating to the energy functionals, even for complex systems such as the binary Lennard-Jones liquid. Our framework facilitates the interpretable discovery of interaction laws directly from physical system trajectories. Furthermore, this approach can be extended to other systems with topology-dependent dynamics, such as cells, polydisperse gels, or deformable bodies.
Quantum support vector data description for anomaly detection
Authors: Oh Hyeondo , Park Daniel K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Anomaly detection is a critical problem in data analysis and pattern recognition, finding applications in various domains. We introduce quantum support vector data description (QSVDD), an unsupervised learning algorithm designed for anomaly detection. QSVDD utilizes a shallow-depth quantum circuit to learn a minimum-volume hypersphere that tightly encloses normal data, tailored for the constraints of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing. Simulation results on the MNIST and Fashion MNIST image datasets, as well as credit card fraud detection, demonstrate that QSVDD outperforms both quantum autoencoder and deep learning-based approaches under similar training conditions. Notably, QSVDD requires an extremely small number of model parameters, which increases logarithmically with the number of input qubits. This enables efficient learning with a simple training landscape, presenting a compact quantum machine learning model with strong performance for anomaly detection.
The political economy of gender mainstreaming in energy access in Senegal
Authors: Klug Thomas W , Saparapa Rajah , Plutshack Victoria , Agradi Mawunyo , Appiah Sarah , Nunoo Isaac 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In June 2017, the Economic Community of West African States adopted the Policy for Gender Mainstreaming in Energy Access to integrate gender equity in West Africa’s energy and climate policy making. The policy represents the first regional gender and energy policy in the world, establishing a framework to enhance understanding at the nexus of gender and energy, improve the inclusivity of policies, programs, and initiatives, and increase women’s participation in the field of energy in the public and private sectors. Each member state developed a National Action Plan (NAP) to operationalize these goals and align implementation with national contexts and policy priorities. This study examines the experience of Senegal’s NAP development, from 13 semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders and document review. We use the Actors, Objectives, Context political economy framework to understand how Senegal’s economic and political structures, historical and social context, and influence of key stakeholders shaped their efforts to mainstream gender in the country’s energy sector. We then describe four main objectives of actors in government, civil society, and the development space involved in policy development, summarizing these as: electricity access, economic development, access to clean fuels and technologies for cooking, and gender equity. We find that the objectives of government and development actors are reflected in the emphasis on energy access in the NAP and the government’s long-term development agenda, though a critical lack of engagement with the private sector has limited the policy’s efforts to mainstream women across energy sub-sectors beyond clean cooking. Women’s civil society organizations, historically less engaged with energy issues, have nonetheless achieved considerable success in advocating for increased women’s political participation. This advocacy has set a precedent for policies promoting ‘positive discrimination’ for women and marginalized groups, evident in policy activities aimed at electrifying women’s economic sectors.
Agency and Cognition
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an evolutionary background for five agentive architectures: goal-directed agency, intentional agency, metacognitive agency, joint agency, and collective agency. With respect to individual agency, it appears that the ordering in human ontogeny does indeed reflect the ordering in phylogeny: first goal-directed agency, then intentional agency, then metacognitive agency. With respect to shared agency, it appears again that the ordering in human ontogeny also reflects the ordering in phylogeny: joint agency precedes collective agency. But whereas both types of shared agency emerged in human evolution only after all three types of individual agency were already operative, in ontogeny something different happens.
Joint Agency and Perspectival Representations
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In joint agencies, toddlers coordinate their intentional actions with other intentional agents in species-unique ways by creating both joint goals and joint attention. The social-cognitive capacities empowering the creation of joint goals and attention are what we may call joint intentionality. To facilitate this coordination, toddlers develop, in addition, species-unique forms of cooperative-referential communication, beginning with the simple but powerful pointing gesture, followed by symbolic (including linguistic) communication. The evolutionary hypothesis is that only humans evolved to co-operate in all these ways because only they evolved in the face of ecological challenges requiring collaborative activities structured by joint intentionality. This chapter provides a review and novel analysis of the literature on toddler-shared cognition, based on the principles of joint agency and perspectival representations.
Metacognitive Agency and Multi-Perspectival Representations
Authors: Tomasello Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The working hypothesis of this chapter is that what accounts for these new cognitive capacities, and others, is that children from three to six years of age are in the process of becoming metacognitive agents who reflectively regulate their executive-tier conceptualizing, thinking, and decision-making. What makes this rational/reflective mode of operation possible is a new organizational architecture that builds on top of toddlers’ executive tier of regulation a second-order executive tier, a metacognitive tier, of regulation. This chapter provides a review and novel analysis of the literature in preschoolers’ cognition based on the principles of metacognitive agency and multi-perspectival representations.
Paris During the Occupation
Authors: Garrison Leonard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter details Gaston Crunelle’s myriad activities during the German Occupation of Paris from June 1940 to August 1944. The Paris Conservatory attempted to deal with the antisemitic policies of the occupying authorities, first by collaboration under director Henri Rabaud, and then by clandestine defiance under his successor Claude Delvincourt, a member of the French Resistance. Flute professor Marcel Moyse fled Paris, and the flute class was assigned to Crunelle. The latter continued to perform as principal flute in the Pasdeloup Orchestra and the Opéra-Comique, where he played in a historical revival and a legendary recording of Debussy’s Pelléas et Mélisande under Roger Désormière. Crunelle also joined the Quintette instrumental de Paris when its original flutist, René Le Roy, left for New York. He frequently performed on Nazi-run Radio-Paris and was subsequently censored, along with many leading French musicians.
Dataset of miRNA–disease relations extracted from textual data using transformer-based neural networks
Authors: Madan Sumit , Kühnel Lisa , Fröhlich Holger , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Fluck Juliane 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in post-transcriptional processes and regulate major cellular functions. The abnormal regulation of expression of miRNAs has been linked to numerous human diseases such as respiratory diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Latest miRNA–disease associations are predominantly found in unstructured biomedical literature. Retrieving these associations manually can be cumbersome and time-consuming due to the continuously expanding number of publications. We propose a deep learning-based text mining approach that extracts normalized miRNA–disease associations from biomedical literature. To train the deep learning models, we build a new training corpus that is extended by distant supervision utilizing multiple external databases. A quantitative evaluation shows that the workflow achieves an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 98% on a holdout test set for the detection of miRNA–disease associations. We demonstrate the applicability of the approach by extracting new miRNA–disease associations from biomedical literature (PubMed and PubMed Central). We have shown through quantitative analysis and evaluation on three different neurodegenerative diseases that our approach can effectively extract miRNA–disease associations not yet available in public databases.
Database URL: https://zenodo.org/records/10523046
Magnesium-rich diet score is inversely associated with incident cardiovascular disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Copp Katherine L , Steffen Lyn M , Yi So-Yun , Lutsey Pamela L , Rebholz Casey M , Rooney Mary R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
Numerous studies have shown inverse associations between serum magnesium (Mg) and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but studies of dietary Mg have not been consistent. To examine the association of a Mg-rich diet score with risks of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischaemic stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Methods and results
There were 15 022 Black and White adults without prevalent CVD at baseline (1987–89) included in this analysis. Diet was assessed at two visits 6 years apart using an interviewer-administered 66-item food frequency questionnaire. A Mg-rich diet score was created that included servings of whole grain products, nuts, vegetables, fruit, legumes, coffee, and tea. Cox proportional hazard regression evaluated associations of incident CVD, CHD, and stroke across quintiles of Mg-rich diet score, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, and clinical characteristics. Over &gt;30 years of follow-up, there were 3531 incident CVD events (2562 CHD, 1332 ischaemic stroke). Participants who consumed more Mg-rich foods were older, female, White, had lower blood pressure, fewer were not current smokers, and more reported being physically active. A Mg-rich diet was inversely associated with incident CVD (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77–0.98, Ptrend = 0.02) and CHD (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.71–0.95, Ptrend = 0.01); however, the diet-stroke association was null (HRQ5 vs. Q1 = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.82–1.22, Ptrend = 0.97).

Conclusion
Consuming a diet including Mg-rich foods, such as whole grains, nuts, vegetables, fruits, legumes, coffee, and tea, is associated with lower risk of CVD and CHD, but not ischaemic stroke.
Comparing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative type 2 diabetes monitoring intervals in resource limited settings
Authors: Mukonda Elton , Lesosky Maia , Sithole Siphesihle , van der Westhuizen Diederick J , Rusch Jody A , Levitt Naomi S , Myers Bronwyn , Cleary Susan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) represents a growing disease burden in South Africa. While glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) testing is the gold standard for long-term blood glucose management, recommendations for HbA1c monitoring frequency are based on expert opinion. This study investigates the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals in the management of T2D. A Markov model with three health states (HbA1c &lt;7%, HbA1c ≥ 7%, Dead) was used to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) of alternative HbA1c monitoring intervals among patients with T2D, using a provider’s perspective and a 3% discount rate. HbA1c monitoring strategies (three-monthly, four-monthly, six-monthly and annual tests) were evaluated with respect to the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) assessing each comparator against a less costly, undominated alternative. The scope of costs included the direct medical costs of managing diabetes. Transition probabilities were obtained from routinely collected public sector HbA1c data, while health service utilization and health-related-quality-of-life (HRQoL) data were obtained from a local cluster randomized controlled trial. Other parameters were obtained from published studies. Robustness of findings was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. A South African indicative cost-effectiveness threshold of USD2665 was adopted. Annual and lifetime costs of managing diabetes increased with HbA1c monitoring, while increased monitoring provides higher QALYs and life years. For the overall cohort, the ICER for six-monthly vs annual monitoring was cost-effective (USD23 22.37 per QALY gained), whereas the ICER of moving from six-monthly to three-monthly monitoring was not cost effective (USD6437.79 per QALY gained). The ICER for four-monthly vs six-monthly monitoring was extended dominated. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ICERs were most sensitive to health service utilization rates. While the factors influencing glycaemic control are multifactorial, six-monthly monitoring is potentially cost-effective while more frequent monitoring could further improve patient HrQoL.
Ghosts in the labour market: perceived health implications of informal labour in Australia
Authors: van den Berg Miriam , Baum Fran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Employment conditions are important social and commercial determinants of health. Informal employment—also known as ‘cash-in-hand’ and ‘undeclared’ work—is a discrete employment condition that has salience around the world. Fuelled by neoliberal ideology, informal employment has become increasingly common in high-income countries. Public health research concerning the health of informal workers comes largely from low- and middle-income countries, where the phenomenon is more visible. There has been little research on the health effects of informal employment in high-income countries including Australia. Twenty-nine workers aged 18 years and older, who were undertaking informal work activities, were recruited using social media and an online marketplace in Tarndanya (Adelaide-Kaurna Country), Australia. Qualitative narrative data, demographic profiles, and physical and mental health scores were collected. Most informal workers reported unfair and indecent employment conditions including job insecurity, low income, coercion, and lack of respect and dignity at work, and were often exposed to unsafe and unhealthy work environments. Workplace injuries and exposure to occupational hazards were common; and Physical and Mental Component Scores were poorer among informal workers when compared to the population of South Australia as a whole. With informal employment in Australia described as part of a ‘significant, pervasive, damaging and growing’ problem, there is a need for a health promotion lens over industrial relations policies in the interest of creating equitable access to fair and decent work.
One-year Safety and Effectiveness of Ustekinumab in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: The K-STAR Study
Authors: Lee Chang Kyun , Moon Won , Chun Jaeyoung , Kim Eun Soo , Kim Hyung Wook , Yoon Hyuk , Kim Hyun Soo , Lee Yoo Jin , Choi Chang Hwan , Jung Yunho , Park Sung Chul , Song Geun Am , Lee Jong Hun , Jung Eun Suk , Kim Youngdoe , Jung Su Young , Choi Jong Min , Ye Byong Duk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigated the safety and effectiveness of ustekinumab (UST) in Korean patients with Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods
Adult patients with CD treated with UST were prospectively enrolled in the K-STAR (Post-MarKeting Surveillance for Crohn’s Disease patients treated with STelARa) study between April 2018 and April 2022. Both the clinical effectiveness and adverse effects of UST therapy were analyzed. Missing data were handled using nonresponder imputation (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03942120).

Results
Of the 464 patients enrolled from 44 hospitals across Korea, 457 and 428 patients (Crohn’s disease activity index ≥150) were included in the safety analysis and effectiveness analysis sets, respectively. At weeks 16 to 20 after initiating UST, clinical response, clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free remission rates were 75.0% (321 of 428), 64.0% (274 of 428), and 61.9% (265 of 428), respectively. At week 52 to 66, clinical response, clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free remission rates were 62.4% (267 of 428), 52.6% (225 of 428), and 50.0% (214 of 428), respectively. Combined effectiveness (clinical response + biochemical response) was achieved in 40.0% (171 of 428) and 41.6% (178 of 428) at week 16 to 20 and week 52 to 66, respectively. Biologic-naïve patients exhibited significantly higher rates of combined effectiveness than biologic-experienced patients (50.3% vs 30.7% at week 16-20, P &lt; .001; 47.7% vs 36.0% at week 52-66, P = .014). No additional benefits were observed with the concomitant use of immunomodulators. Ileal location was independently associated with a higher probability of clinical remission compared with colonic or ileocolonic location at week 52 to 66. Adverse and serious adverse events were observed in 28.2% (129 of 457) and 12.7% (58 of 457), respectively, with no new safety signal associated with UST treatment.

Conclusions
Ustekinumab was well-tolerated, effective, and safe as induction and maintenance therapy for CD in Korea.
Short-term associations of PM10 attributed to biomass burning with respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Tajudin Muhammad Abdul Basit Ahmad , Madaniyazi Lina , Seposo Xerxes , Sahani Mazrura , Tobías Aurelio , Latif Mohd Talib , Wan Mahiyuddin Wan Rozita , Ibrahim Mohd Faiz , Tamaki Shingo , Moji Kazuhiko , Hashizume Masahiro , Ng Chris Fook Sheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of air pollution and particulate matter (PM) in Southeast Asia. However, the health effects of PM smaller than 10 µm (PM10) originating from BB may differ from those of other sources. This study aimed to estimate the short-term association of PM10 from BB with respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions in Peninsular Malaysia, a region often exposed to BB events.

Methods
We obtained and analyzed daily data on hospital admissions, PM10 levels and BB days from five districts from 2005 to 2015. We identified BB days by evaluating the BB hotspots and backward wind trajectories. We estimated PM10 attributable to BB from the excess of the moving average of PM10 during days without BB hotspots. We fitted time-series quasi-Poisson regression models for each district and pooled them using meta-analyses. We adjusted for potential confounders and examined the lagged effects up to 3 days, and potential effect modification by age and sex.

Results
We analyzed 210 960 respiratory and 178 952 cardiovascular admissions. Almost 50% of days were identified as BB days, with a mean PM10 level of 53.1 µg/m3 during BB days and 40.1 µg/m3 during normal days. A 10 µg/m3 increment in PM10 from BB was associated with a 0.44% (95% CI: 0.06, 0.82%) increase in respiratory admissions at lag 0–1, with a stronger association in adults aged 15–64 years and females. We did not see any significant associations for cardiovascular admissions.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to PM10 from BB increased the risk of respiratory hospitalizations in Peninsular Malaysia.
Comparison of the effects of alfalfa meal and sorghum distillery residue supplementation on the methane emissions in black-feathered Taiwan native chicken
Authors: Lee Shin-Mei , Lo Neng-Wen , Chen Yan-Siang , Liu Jer-Yuh , Chen Yieng-How , Ye Je-Chiuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The issue of global warming, primarily fueled by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, necessitates effective strategies to address methane (CH4) emissions from both ruminants and nonruminants. Drawing inspiration from successful approaches employed in ruminants, this study evaluates the impact of supplementing the diets of Taiwan’s native black-feathered chickens with alfalfa meal and sorghum distillery residues (SDRs) on CH4 emissions. Using a respiration chamber the results reveal a significant reduction in CH4 emissions when incorporating either 30% alfalfa meal or 30% SDRs into the chicken diet, demonstrating a 59% and 49% decrease, respectively, compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Considering that alfalfa meal contains saponins and SDRs contain tannins, the study delves into the mechanism through which these components mitigate CH4 production in chickens. Incorporating saponins or tannins shows that groups supplemented with these components exhibit significantly lower CH4 emissions compared to the control group (P &lt; 0.05), with a consistent linear decrease as the concentration of the feed additive increases. Further in vitro analysis of chicken cecal contents indicates a proportional reduction in CH4 production with increasing levels of added saponins or tannins (P &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest that the CH4-reducing effects of alfalfa meal and SDRs can be attributed to their saponins and tannin content. However, caution is warranted as excessive alfalfa meal supplementation may adversely impact poultry growth. Consequently, sorghum distillery residue emerges as a more suitable feed ingredient for mitigating CH4 emissions in Taiwan’s native black-feathered chickens compared to alfalfa. Additionally, substituting SDRs for conventional commercial chicken feed not only reduces CH4 emissions but also enhances the utilization of byproducts.