bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risikoorientierte Bemessung von Tragstrukturen – Kombinationsbeiwert für ständige Lasten
Authors: Pertermann Ina , Puthli Ram , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDer Eurocode DIN EN 1990 [1] stellt in Abschnitt 6.4.3.2, Satz (3) mit den Gln. (6.10a) und (6.10b) eine alternative Kombinationsregel für Einwirkungen vor, die in Deutschland bisher nicht bekannt war. Jedoch wird deren Anwendung im nationalen Anhang DIN EN 1990/NA [2] mit NCI zu 6.4.3.2 (3) und mit dem NDP zu A.1.3.1 (4) pauschal abgelehnt. Die Anwendung dieser alternativen Kombinationsregel erlaubt jedoch in bestimmten Fällen eine wirtschaftlichere Bemessung bei Einhaltung des geforderten Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus.In diesem dritten Beitrag der Reihe “Risikoorientierte Bemessung von Tragstrukturen“ – die beiden bisherigen Beiträge sind in [12] und [13] veröffentlicht – werden die Hintergründe der Kombinationsregel nach [1], Gln. (6.10a) und (6.10b), die Herleitung des Kombinationsbeiwertes x für ungünstig wirkende ständige Einwirkungen G und mögliche Anwendungsbereiche vorgestellt.Risk oriented structural design – Reduction factor for permanent actions. The Eurocode DIN EN 1990: 2010‐12 [1] presents in Clause 6.4.3.2 (3) equations (6.10a) and (6.10b) an alternative rule for combinations of actions for persistent or transient design situations, that is not known in Germany until now. It has therefore been summarily dismissed in the national Annex DIN EN 1990/NA [2] with NCI 6.4.3.2 (3) and with NDP A.1.3.1 (4). The use of this alternative combination rule allows a more economic design in certain cases, while maintaining an acceptable reliability level.In this third contribution to the series “Risk oriented structural design” following [12] and [13], the background to the combination rule in [1], (6.10a) and (6.10b), the derivation of the reduction factor x for unfavourable permanent actions G and possible areas of application are presented.
Tausend Tonnen Präzision
Authors: Klingelhöfer Tina 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEine gewaltige Gebäudebrücke suggeriert entmaterialisierte Leichtigkeit und verwirklicht das architektonische Konzept des fließenden Übergangs von Innen und Außen. Eigentlich ein Paradox, aufgelöst durch den Baustoff Stahl. In der scheinbar schwebenden Gebäudebrücke stecken 1000 t Stahl und eine Menge Präzision. Mit viel Liebe für’s Detail, Know‐how und Herzblut haben die Ingenieure von Christmann
Analytische Lösungen für Kreis‐ und Kreisringplatten unter symmetrischer und antimetrischer Einwirkung — Anwendungen für Detailprobleme im Konstruktiven Glasbau. Stahlbau 81 (2012), H. 9, S. 711–718.
Authors: Seel M. , Siebert G. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBild 8 auf S. 718 des o.g. Aufsatzes muß durch das folgende Bild ersetzt werden. Wir bitten um Entschuldigung und Beachtung. Die Redaktion
The Demand for California Wine Grapes
Authors: Fuller Kate B. , Alston Julian M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWine grapes contribute significantly to the economy of California, with a gross production value of more than $2 billion in 2010. Studies on economic issues in the industry require measures of demand response to price, but despite the economic importance of this industry, estimates of elasticities of demand for wine grapes have not been published. We use a flexible-form inverse demand system model to estimate elasticities of demand for wine grapes from three grape-growing regions in California, representing three different quality (price) categories. The resulting estimates of own-price elasticities are high, ranging from −2.6 for grapes in the low-price region to −9.5 for grapes in the high-price region. Such high elasticities are plausible given the role of international trade in wine, and they are consistent with synthetic estimates that we computed based on a combination of economic theory, data on market shares, estimates of some pertinent parameters in the literature, and informed guesstimates of values for other parameters. (JEL Classification: Q11, Q12, Q13)
Consistent differences in macroparasite community composition among populations of three-spined sticklebacks,Gasterosteus aculeatusL.
Authors: DE ROIJ JOB , MacCOLL ANDREW D. C. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYParasite ecologists are often interested in the repeatability of patterns in parasite communities in space and/or time, because of implications for the dynamics of host-parasite interactions. Field studies usually examine temporal and spatial variation in isolation or limit themselves to a small number of host populations. Here, we studied the macroparasite communities of 12 populations of three-spined stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatusL., on North Uist, Scotland, separated by small geographical distances, during the breeding season in 2 consecutive years (2007 and 2008) to determine: (1) the extent of spatial variation in macroparasite communities, (2) whether this variation is consistent across years, and (3) whether habitat characteristics can explain differences in macroparasite community composition among populations. We found substantial variation in parasite communities among populations. Generally, measures of parasite community composition were higher in 2008 than in 2007, but this effect of year was consistent across populations, such that the relative differences in these measures among populations changed little between years. These data suggest that there is short-term stability in the spatial variation in macroparasite communities of North Uist sticklebacks. However, none of the 5 habitat characteristics measured explained spatial variation in any measure of parasite community composition.
Damus–Kaye–Stansel procedure 5 years after Fontan operation with ligated main pulmonary artery
Authors: Karimi Mohsen , Rosenberg Carol A. , Lutin William 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe report a case of tricuspid atresia with transposed great arteries and rudimentary right ventricle owing to which the patient developed severe subaortic stenosis and restrictive bulboventricular foramen 5 years after her extracardiac Fontan operation. She underwent a successful modified Damus–Kaye–Stansel operation using her native pulmonary valve. Spiral cardiac computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstructions was instrumental in pre-operative surgical planning.
Prehospital Trauma Care Systems: Potential Role Toward Reducing Morbidities and Mortalities from Road Traffic Injuries in Nigeria
Authors: Adeloye Davies 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) and attendant fatalities on Nigerian roads have been on an increasing trend over the past three decades. Mortality from RTIs in Nigeria is estimated to be 162 deaths/100,000 population. This study aims to compare and identify best prehospital trauma care practices in Nigeria and some other African countries where prehospital services operate.MethodsA review of secondary data, grey literature, and pertinent published articles using a conceptual framework to assess: (1) policies; (2) structures; (3) first responders; (4) communication facilities; (5) transport and ambulance facilities, and (6) roadside emergency trauma units.ResultsThere is no national prehospital trauma care system (PTCS) in Nigeria. The lack of a national emergency health policy is a factor in this absence. The Nigerian Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) mainly has been responsible for prehospital services. South Africa, Zambia, Kenya, and Ghana have improved prehospital services in Africa.ConclusionsCommercial drivers, laypersons, military, police, a centrally controlled communication network, and government ambulance services are feasible delivery models that can be incorporated into the Nigerian prehospital system. Prehospital trauma services have been useful in reducing morbidities and mortalities from traffic injuries, and appropriate implementation of this study's recommendations may reduce this burden in Nigeria.AdeloyeD. Prehospital trauma care systems: potential role toward reducing morbidities and mortalities from road traffic injuries in Nigeria. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-7.
End‐of‐Life Decisions and the Reinvented Rule of Double Effect: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Lindblad Anna , Lynöe Niels , Juth Niklas 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe Rule of Double Effect (RDE) holds that it may be permissible to harm an individual while acting for the sake of a proportionate good, given that the harm is not an intended means to the good but merely a foreseen side‐effect. Although frequently used in medical ethical reasoning, the rule has been repeatedly questioned in the past few decades. However, Daniel Sulmasy, a proponent who has done a lot of work lately defending the RDE, has recently presented a reformulated and more detailed version of the rule. Thanks to its greater precision, this reinvented RDE avoids several problems thought to plague the traditional RDE.Although an improvement compared with the traditional version, we argue that Sulmasy's reinvented RDE will not stand closer scrutiny. Not only has the range of proper applicability narrowed significantly, but, more importantly, Sulmasy fails to establish that there is a morally relevant distinction between intended and foreseen effects. In particular, he fails to establish that there is any distinction that can account for the alleged moral difference between sedation therapy and euthanasia.
Justifying Community Benefit Requirements in International Research
Authors: Hughes Robert C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIt is widely agreed that foreign sponsors of research in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) are morally required to ensure that their research benefits the broader host community. There is no agreement, however, about how much benefit or what type of benefit research sponsors must provide, nor is there agreement about what group of people is entitled to benefit. To settle these questions, it is necessary to examine why research sponsors have an obligation to benefit the broader host community, not only their subjects. Justifying this claim is not straightforward. There are three justifications for an obligation to benefit host communities that each apply to some research, but not to all. Each requires a different amount of benefit, and each requires benefit to be directed toward a different group. If research involves significant net risk to LMIC subjects, research must provide adequate benefit to people in LMICs to avoid an unjustified appeal to subjects’ altruism. If research places significant burdens on public resources, research must provide fair compensation to the community whose public resources are burdened. If research is for profit, research sponsors must contribute adequately to the upkeep of public goods from which they benefit in order to avoid the wrong of free‐riding, even if their use of these public goods is not burdensome.
Perceived sources of stress amongst Chilean and Argentinean dental students
Authors: Fonseca J. , Divaris K. , Villalba S. , Pizarro S. , Fernandez M. , Codjambassis A. , Villa‐Torres L. , Polychronopoulou A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe prevalence of high levels of stress as well as its multilevel consequences is well documented amongst students in the health sciences, and particularly in dentistry. However, investigations of perceived stress amongst Spanish‐speaking student groups are sparse. This study aimed to (i) describe the translation, adaptation and psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Dental Environment Stressors questionnaire and (ii) to examine the perceived sources of stress and their associations with the students' study year and gender in two dental schools in Latin America.Materials and methodsAll students officially registered in the dental schools of the University of San Sebastian (USS) in Chile and the Catholic University of Cordoba (CUC) in Argentina were invited to participate in the study. The DES30 questionnaire was adapted in Spanish using translation/back‐translation, an expert bilingual committee, and consensus building. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the instrument's internal consistency, and iterated principal factor analysis with promax rotation was employed to explore its underlying factor structure. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate methods were used to examine the patterns of association between individual stressors, factor scores and students' characteristics.ResultsThree hundred and four students comprised the study's analytical sample, with two‐thirds of those being female. The DES30‐Sp demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.89). A four‐factor solution emerged and included ‘academic workload’, ‘clinical training’, ‘time constraints’ and ‘self‐efficacy beliefs’ factors. ‘Fear of failing a course or a year’, ‘examinations and grades’ and ‘lack of time for relaxation’ were amongst the top individual‐item stressors reported by students in both schools. Amongst this group of undergraduate dental students, those in Argentina, in higher study year, and females reported higher perceived stress.ConclusionsIncreased workload, time constraints and some aspects of clinical training were the top stressors of approximately 300 Chilean and Argentinean dental undergraduates. Some variations between schools, males and females and study years were noted. The Spanish version of the DES30 questionnaire performed well, but future studies should evaluate the instrument's properties in larger and more diverse dental student populations.
Quantifying the functional responses of vegetation to drought and oxygen stress in temperate ecosystems
Authors: Douma Jacob C. , Bardin Vincent , Bartholomeus Ruud P. , van Bodegom Peter M. 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Our understanding of the generality of plant functional responses to water availability is limited; current field studies use either very rough approximations of water and oxygen availability or only focus on water‐stressed ecosystems. Studies that relate species' responses to a surplus of water are limited to controlled experiments.

The aim of this study was to investigate how traits are selected along a gradient of soil moisture, ranging from oxygen‐stressed to drought‐stressed. We tested 15 traits: eight leaf traits, two root traits, two seed traits and three allometry traits and related their community means to process‐based measures of drought stress and oxygen stress for 171 plots in the Netherlands. Because the trait values had been taken from a large database, an independent field survey was carried out to validate the relationships thus derived.

We show that root porosity and seed floating capacity are mostly strongly related, although still moderately, to oxygen and drought stress (R2 = 27% and 42%, respectively). Leaf traits responded weakly to either of the stressors. The field survey yielded similar relationships. Trait combinations were much more closely related to oxygen or drought stress than individual traits, suggesting that there are multiple trait solutions at a given level of water and oxygen stress.

The relatively weak relationships found between traits and water‐related stressors contrast with the strong control of other environmental drivers (disturbance, nutrients) on traits and suggest that these strong constraints imposed by other environmental drivers necessitate varied solutions to cope with water availability.
Automatic size determination of membrane vesicles by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy
Authors: Starink J. P. P. , Verkleij A. J. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIn biological processes involving membrane vesicles, the vesicle sizes and the size distribution of the vesicle population are usually important process parameters. A previous method for determining these parameters by freeze‐fracture electron microscopy exclusively makes use of concave profiles with half‐cast shadow, the so‐called equatorial profiles. This method suffers from two disadvantages: (i) the measurement is done manually and is therefore subjective, and (ii) only a small subpopulation of the profiles, those showing half‐cast shadow, can be used.We describe an automatic, computerized method with which the vesicle size can be calculated from any concave profile with cast shadow. This method is based on the relationship between the angle of shadowing and the surface areas of the profile and the profile's uncoated region. Since the vesicles are processed automatically, the procedure is reproducible and not biased by subjective measurements.The method was tested both on synthetic, computer‐generated profiles and on large unilamellar vesicles. It allows for the use of about four times as many profiles as the equator method in determining the vesicle size distribution. This means that the distribution is more reliable thanks to the larger population used for its determination. Furthermore, the reliability of our method is exemplified by its stability concerning errors in its parameters.
Hierarchical Narrative Collage For Digital Photo Album
Authors: Zhang Lei , Huang Hua 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCollage can provide a summary form on the collection of photos in an album. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to constructing photo collage in the hierarchical narrative manner. As opposed to previous methods focusing on spatial coherence in the collage layout, our narrative collage arranges the photos according to the basic narrative elements from literary writings, i.e., character, setting and plot. Face, time and place attributes are exploited to embody those narrative elements in the collage. Then, photos are organized into the hierarchical structure for the multi‐level details in the events recorded by the album. Such hierarchical narrative collage can present a visual overview in the chronological order on what happened in the album. Experimental results show that our approach offers a better summarization to browse on the photo album content than previous ones.
The Adjustment of Housing Markets to Migration Change: Lessons from Modern History
Authors: Meen Geoffrey 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study is concerned with two issues: first, the factors that determine the local location decisions of migrants within the UK and, second, the impact of migrant communities on domestic housing markets. Most migration studies are concerned with the determinants of international migration to the UK. Few look at the drivers of the spatial distributions once migrants arrive. However, migrant housing is primarily a local, urban problem and, arguably, the main issue is the spatial concentrations, rather than absolute numbers. The UK has experienced waves of migrants throughout its history and these are well documented in the censuses since the mid 19th century. A feature of the study is its long‐run perspective, which allows the examination of the characteristics of the different waves and shows the high degree of persistence in spatial structures. The second part of the study examines why there is little evidence that migration has much effect on house prices, despite the popular perception that the impact is important. The study demonstrates that the nature of housing market adjustment is more complex than price indicators alone would suggest. Adjustment also takes place through changes to household formation and through the mobility of domestic residents, which mitigate the price effects.
ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF THE IRREGULAR MIGRANT POPULATION IN PRAGUE – AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
Authors: MEDOVÁ LENKA , DRBOHLAV DUŠAN 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper's primary objective is to contribute to the ‘never‐ending story’ of estimating irregular migration. It presents an attempt to develop an empirically based approach/technique for estimating the size of an irregular migrant population, or more specifically of irregularly residing immigrants within the city of Prague. A pilot study, based on discovering the actual number of immigrants residing in selected localities, was conducted via observations and inquiries to local residents, and, subsequently, by comparing these numbers with local official statistics concerning inhabitants. Getting to know the types of built environment in selected localities aided in efforts to extrapolate an estimate for the entire city. Moreover, the spatial distribution of irregular migrants within a city is discussed.
WHAT TYPE OF HISTORIAN? CONCEPTUAL HISTORY AND THE HISTORY OF CONCEPTS: A COMPLEX LEGACY AND A RECENT CONTRIBUTION
Authors: Cuttica Cesare 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTJavier Fernández Sebastián's edited collections of essays, Political Concepts and Time, is both a critical homage to the monumental work of Reinhart Koselleck (1923–2006) and an important contribution to the methodology of history‐writing. Centered on the polysemic nature of concepts, which are read as “‘vehicles for thought’” studied in their pragmatic and communicative applications in society, Political Concepts and Time provides a stimulating analysis of the role, weight, and future of conceptual history.Its thirteen essays offer an account of problems, questions, and debates on the interplay of words and concepts, meaning and historical change, context and discourse. They endeavor to clarify the complicated and perennially unresolved relationship between theory and practice. In order to do so, Fernández Sebastián has assembled a scholarly composite and broadly international group of specialists from a variety of disciplines and research fields.With the intellectual legacy of Koselleck's Begriffsgeschichte looming large, this book rethinks the ways in which not just historians but also social scientists and philosophers study the past as the expression of contingent, ever‐changing, and revocable semantic units shaping the culturally plural worlds we inhabit. Informed by the idea that history is porous, Political Concepts and Time also deals with the perhaps obvious but no less challenging issue of our approach to time as everyday experience and through its representation(s).Together with exploring the volume's specific historical topics, this essay will highlight some of its limitations and, above all, will respond to its criticism of intellectual history. The following pages will thus argue the case for the latter methodological perspective by reflecting on the type of historian it delineates. Claiming that in their investigation of past meanings intellectual historians make use of creative imagination, the essay will suggest that this model of history‐writing leads to a better understanding of multiple sources and that it might ultimately help overcome some of the inconsistencies and often simplistic divisions between various branches of the historiographical tree. In particular, a small proposal to reconcile conceptual and intellectual history will be advanced.
Hypertrichosis Lanuginosa Congenita Treated with Diode Laser Epilation During Infancy
Authors: Salas‐Alanis Julio C. , Lopez‐Cepeda Larissa D. , Elizondo‐Rodriguez Aurora , Morales‐Barrera Maria Enriqueta , Ramos‐Garibay Alberto R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe report the case of a girl with hypertrichosis lanuginosa congenita treated with diode laser depilation since the age of 9 months. The treatment was well tolerated, and neither general nor local anesthesia was needed. A reduction of approximately 80% of facial and body hair was noted, which improved her condition significantly.