bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal GPS/accelerometer integration algorithm for monitoring the vertical structural dynamics
Authors: Meng Xiaolin , Wang Jian , Han Houzeng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe vertical structural dynamics is a crucial factor for structural health monitoring (SHM) of civil structures such as high-rise buildings, suspension bridges and towers. This paper presents an optimal GPS/accelerometer integration algorithm for an automated multi-sensor monitoring system. The closed loop feedback algorithm for integrating the vertical GPS and accelerometer measurements is proposed based on a 5 state extended KALMAN filter (EKF) and then the narrow moving window Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis is applied to extract structural dynamics. A civil structural vibration is simulated and the analysed result shows the proposed algorithm can effectively integrate the online vertical measurements produced by GPS and accelerometer. Furthermore, the accelerometer bias and scale factor can also be estimated which is impossible with traditional integration algorithms. Further analysis shows the vibration frequencies detected in GPS or accelerometer are all included in the integrated vertical defection time series and the accelerometer can effectively compensate the short-term GPS outages with high quality. Finally, the data set collected with a time synchronised and integrated GPS/accelerometer monitoring system installed on the Nottingham Wilford Bridge when excited by 15 people jumping together at its mid-span are utilised to verify the effectiveness of this proposed algorithm. Its implementations are satisfactory and the detected vibration frequencies are 1.720 Hz, 1.870 Hz, 2.104 Hz, 2.905 Hz and also 10.050 Hz, which is not found in GPS or accelerometer only measurements.
Developmental and reproductive effects of chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas operations
Authors: Webb Ellen , Bushkin-Bedient Sheila , Cheng Amanda , Kassotis Christopher D. , Balise Victoria , Nagel Susan C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations have the potential to increase air and water pollution in communities located near UOG operations. Every stage of UOG operation from well construction to extraction, operations, transportation, and distribution can lead to air and water contamination. Hundreds of chemicals are associated with the process of unconventional oil and natural gas production. In this work, we review the scientific literature providing evidence that adult and early life exposure to chemicals associated with UOG operations can result in adverse reproductive health and developmental effects in humans. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) and formaldehyde] and heavy metals (including arsenic, cadmium and lead) are just a few of the known contributors to reduced air and water quality that pose a threat to human developmental and reproductive health. The developing fetus is particularly sensitive to environmental factors, which include air and water pollution. Research shows that there are critical windows of vulnerability during prenatal and early postnatal development, during which chemical exposures can cause potentially permanent damage to the growing embryo and fetus. Many of the air and water pollutants found near UOG operation sites are recognized as being developmental and reproductive toxicants; therefore there is a compelling need to increase our knowledge of the potential health consequences for adults, infants, and children from these chemicals through rapid and thorough health research investigation.
Design of a PV Module-Integrated Ćuk Converter Based Isolated Dual Boost Microinverter
Authors: Sankarganesh R. , Thangavel S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a photovoltaic (PV) module-integrated isolated Ćuk converter based solar microinverter with a pseudo-DC link. The Ćuk converters offer more advantages over the buck and boost converters used in PV integrated applications. The proposed grid-tied solar microinverter based on the isolated Ćuk converter individually extracts the maximum power from the photovoltaic panel and it transfers the extracted maximum power to the AC utility system through solar microinverter. High maximum power point tracking accuracy and high conversion efficiency can be achieved with the proposed topology. The principle of operation and the design considerations of the proposed isolated Ćuk converter-based solar inverter are analyzed and discussed. The results of a laboratory prototype model and the MATLAB/Simulink simulation results of the proposed system have been presented to validate its feasibility.
Cross-Linked Carbon Nanotube Heat Spreader
Authors: Konesky Gregory A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAmong the exceptional properties of isolated individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exceptional thermal conductivity along their axis has been demonstrated, However they have also shown poor thermal transfer between adjacent CNTs. Thick bundles of aligned CNTs have been used as heat pipes, but the thermal input and output power densities are the same, providing no heat spreading effect. We demonstrate the use of energetic argon ion beams to join overlapping CNTs in a thin film to form an interpenetrating network with an isotropic thermal conductivity of 2150 W/m K. Such thin films may be used as heat spreaders to enlarge the thermal footprint of laser diodes and CPU chips, for example, for enhanced cooling. At higher ion energies and fluence, the CNTs appear to collapse and reform, aligned parallel to the ion beam axis, and form dense high aspect ratio tapered structures. The high surface area of these structures lends themselves to applications in energy storage, for example. We consider the mechanisms of energetic ion interaction with CNTs and junction formation of two overlapping CNTs during the subsequent self-healing process, as well as the formation of high aspect ratio structures under more extreme conditions
Análisis radiográfico de las lesiones periapicales en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento de conducto
Authors: Osorio-Cabarcas Gisella , Quintero-Ricardo Edison , Covo-Morales Eduardo , Díaz-Caballero Antonio José , Simancas-Pallares Miguel Ángel 
Published: December 2014

Introducción:periapical lesiones son un hallazgo importante en la práctica de endodoncia, debido a la información que proporcionan para el diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los hallazgos radiográficos de lesiones periapicales en las historias clínicas de los pacientes tratados con endodoncia. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo tamaño medido, la ubicación, la ampliación del ligamento periodontal, lámina dura, y la pérdida ósea de las lesiones apicales y dientes tratados. El estudio incluyó a 576 radiografías obtenidas entre 2003 y 2007, teniendo criterios de selección definidos en cuenta. Un formato fue diseñado y las radiografías fueron estandarizadas mediante un lector digital calibrado. Análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el programa STATA. Resultados:la edad media fue de 32,1 ± 14,6 años. Los rayos X relacionados con pacientes de sexo femenino en el 59,4% de los casos y los hombres en el 40,6% de los casos; 38% presentó lesiones de gran tamaño (> 7 mm). La pérdida de hueso fue detectable en 18.2% de los casos. Finalmente, la lámina dura tuvo mayor continuidad en el rango de 8 a 10 mm con 37,5%. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que las características de las lesiones periapicales fueron consistentes con otros hallazgos descritos en la literatura. Así como los rayos X, otros hallazgos deben ser tenidos en cuenta para el diagnóstico y tratamiento correcto.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/od.v10i18.720
Thermal Stress of Surface of Mold Cavities and Parting Line of Silicone Molds
Authors: Bajčičák Martin , Šuba Roland 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The paper is focused on the study of thermal stress of surface of mold cavities and parting line of silicone molds after pouring. The silicone mold White SD - THT was thermally stressed by pouring of ZnAl4Cu3 zinc alloy with pouring cycle 20, 30 and 40 seconds. The most thermally stressed part of surface at each pouring cycle is gating system and mold cavities. It could be further concluded that linear increase of the pouring cycle time leads to the exponential increasing of the maximum temperature of mold surface after its cooling. The elongated pouring cycle increases the temperature accumulated on the surface of cavities and the ability of silicone mold to conduct the heat on its surface decreases, because the low thermal conductivity of silicone molds enables the conduction of larger amount of heat into ambient environment.
Grip Force Modulation Characteristics as a Marker for Clinical Disease Progression in Individuals With Parkinson Disease: Case-Control Study
Authors: Pradhan Sujata , Scherer Reinhold , Matsuoka Yoky , Kelly Valerie E. 
Published: December 2014

Background
Upper extremity deficits are prevalent in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). In the early stages of PD, such deficits can be subtle and challenging to document on clinical examination.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to use a novel force sensor system to characterize grip force modulation, including force, temporal, and movement quality parameters, during a fine motor control task in individuals with early stage PD.

Design
A case-control study was conducted.

Methods
Fourteen individuals with early stage PD were compared with a control group of 14 healthy older adults. The relationship of force modulation parameters with motor symptom severity and disease chronicity also was assessed in people with PD. Force was measured during both precision and power grasp tasks using an instrumented twist-cap device capable of rotating in either direction.

Results
Compared with the control group, the PD group demonstrated more movement arrests during both precision and power grasp and longer total movement times during the power grasp. These deficits persisted when a concurrent cognitive task was added, with some evidence of force control deficits in the PD group, including lower rates of force production during the precision grasp task and higher peak forces during the power grasp task. For precision grasp, a higher number of movement arrests in single- and dual-task conditions as well as longer total movement times in the dual-task condition were associated with more severe motor symptoms.

Limitations
The sample was small and consisted of individuals in the early stages of PD with mild motor deficits. The group with PD was predominantly male, whereas the control group was predominantly female.

Conclusion
The results suggest that assessing grip force modulation deficits during fine motor tasks is possible with instrumented devices, and such sensitive measures may be important for detecting and tracking change early in the progression of PD.
Wireless control of intraspinal microstimulation in a rodent model of paralysis
Authors: Grahn Peter J. , Lee Kendall H. , Kasasbeh Aimen , Mallory Grant W. , Hachmann Jan T. , Dube John R. , Kimble Christopher J. , Lobel Darlene A. , Bieber Allan , Jeong Ju Ho , Bennet Kevin E. , Lujan J. Luis 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
Despite a promising outlook, existing intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) techniques for restoring functional motor control after spinal cord injury are not yet suitable for use outside a controlled laboratory environment. Thus, successful application of ISMS therapy in humans will require the use of versatile chronic neurostimulation systems. The objective of this study was to establish proof of principle for wireless control of ISMS to evoke controlled motor function in a rodent model of complete spinal cord injury.

METHODS
The lumbar spinal cord in each of 17 fully anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats was stimulated via ISMS electrodes to evoke hindlimb function. Nine subjects underwent complete surgical transection of the spinal cord at the T-4 level 7 days before stimulation. Targeting for both groups (spinalized and control) was performed under visual inspection via dorsal spinal cord landmarks such as the dorsal root entry zone and the dorsal median fissure. Teflon-insulated stimulating platinum-iridium microwire electrodes (50 μm in diameter, with a 30- to 60-μm exposed tip) were implanted within the ventral gray matter to an approximate depth of 1.8 mm. Electrode implantation was performed using a free-hand delivery technique (n = 12) or a Kopf spinal frame system (n = 5) to compare the efficacy of these 2 commonly used targeting techniques. Stimulation was controlled remotely using a wireless neurostimulation control system. Hindlimb movements evoked by stimulation were tracked via kinematic markers placed on the hips, knees, ankles, and paws. Postmortem fixation and staining of the spinal cord tissue were conducted to determine the final positions of the stimulating electrodes within the spinal cord tissue.

RESULTS
The results show that wireless ISMS was capable of evoking controlled and sustained activation of ankle, knee, and hip muscles in 90% of the spinalized rats (n = 9) and 100% of the healthy control rats (n = 8). No functional differences between movements evoked by either of the 2 targeting techniques were revealed. However, frame-based targeting required fewer electrode penetrations to evoke target movements.

CONCLUSIONS
Clinical restoration of functional movement via ISMS remains a distant goal. However, the technology presented herein represents the first step toward restoring functional independence for individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review
Authors: Chen Ching-Jen , Lee Cheng-Chia , Ding Dale , Starke Robert M. , Chivukula Srinivas , Yen Chun-Po , Moosa Shayan , Xu Zhiyuan , Pan David Hung-Chi , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
The goal of this study was to evaluate the obliteration rate of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), and to compare obliteration rates between cavernous sinus (CS) and noncavernous sinus (NCS) DAVFs, and between DAVFs with and without cortical venous drainage (CVD).

METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed. The CS DAVFs and the NCS DAVFs were categorized using the Barrow and Borden classification systems, respectively. The DAVFs were also categorized by location and by the presence of CVD. Statistical analyses of pooled data were conducted to assess complete obliteration rates in CS and NCS DAVFs, and in DAVFs with and without CVD.

RESULTS
Nineteen studies were included, comprising 729 patients harboring 743 DAVFs treated with SRS. The mean obliteration rate was 63% (95% CI 52.4%–73.6%). Complete obliteration for CS and NCS DAVFs was achieved in 73% and 58% of patients, respectively. No significant difference in obliteration rates between CS and NCS DAVFs was found (OR 1.72, 95% CI 0.66–4.46; p = 0.27). Complete obliteration in DAVFs with and without CVD was observed in 56% and 75% of patients, respectively. A significantly higher obliteration rate was observed in DAVFs without CVD compared with DAVFs with CVD (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.07–5.28; p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with SRS offers favorable rates of DAVF obliteration with low complication rates. Patients harboring DAVFs that are refractory or not amenable to endovascular or surgical therapy may be safely and effectively treated using SRS.
High-resolution18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for pituitary adenoma detection in Cushing disease
Authors: Chittiboina Prashant , Montgomery Blake K. , Millo Corina , Herscovitch Peter , Lonser Russell R. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
High-resolution PET (hrPET) performed using a high-resolution research tomograph is reported as having a resolution of 2 mm and could be used to detect corticotroph adenomas through uptake of18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). To determine the sensitivity of this imaging modality, the authors compared18F-FDG hrPET and MRI detection of pituitary adenomas in Cushing disease (CD).

METHODS
Consecutive patients with CD who underwent preoperative18F-FDG hrPET and MRI (spin echo [SE] and spoiled gradient recalled [SPGR] sequences) were prospectively analyzed. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated from hrPET and were compared with MRI findings. Imaging findings were correlated to operative and histological findings.

RESULTS
Ten patients (7 females and 3 males) were included (mean age 30.8 ± 19.3 years; range 11–59 years). MRI revealed a pituitary adenoma in 4 patients (40% of patients) on SE and 7 patients (70%) on SPGR sequences.18F-FDG hrPET demonstrated increased18F-FDG uptake consistent with an adenoma in 4 patients (40%; adenoma size range 3–14 mm). Maximum SUV was significantly higher for18F-FDG hrPET–positive tumors (difference = 5.1, 95% CI 2.1–8.1; p = 0.004) than for18F-FDG hrPET–negative tumors.18F-FDG hrPET positivity was not associated with tumor volume (p = 0.2) or dural invasion (p = 0.5). Midnight and morning ACTH levels were associated with18F-FDG hrPET positivity (p = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively) and correlated with the maximum SUV (R = 0.9; p = 0.001) and average SUV (R = 0.8; p = 0.01). All18F-FDG hrPET–positive adenomas had a less than a 180% ACTH increase and18F-FDG hrPET–negative adenomas had a greater than 180% ACTH increase after CRH stimulation (p = 0.03). Three adenomas were detected on SPGR MRI sequences that were not detected by18F-FDG hrPET imaging. Two adenomas not detected on SE (but no adenomas not detected on SPGR) were detected on18F-FDG hrPET.

CONCLUSIONS
While18F-FDG hrPET imaging can detect small functioning corticotroph adenomas and is more sensitive than SE MRI, SPGR MRI is more sensitive than18F-FDG hrPET and SE MRI in the detection of CD-associated pituitary adenomas. Response to CRH stimulation can predict18F-FDG hrPET–positive adenomas in CD.
Evaluating the relationship of the pB–C2 line to clinical outcomes in a 15-year single-center cohort of pediatric Chiari I malformation
Authors: Ladner Travis R. , Dewan Michael C. , Day Matthew A. , Shannon Chevis N. , Tomycz Luke , Tulipan Noel , Wellons John C. 
Published: December 2014

OBJECT
The clinical significance of radiological measurements of the craniocervical junction in pediatric Chiari I malformation (CM-I) is yet to be fully established across the field. The authors examined their institutional experience with the pB–C2 line (drawn perpendicular to a line drawn between the basion and the posterior aspect of the C-2 vertebral body, at the most posterior extent of the odontoid process at the dural interface). The pB–C2 line is a measure of ventral canal encroachment, and its relationship with symptomatology and syringomyelia in pediatric CM-I was assessed.

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of 119 patients at the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt University who underwent posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty, 78 of whom had imaging for review. A neuroradiologist retrospectively evaluated preoperative and postoperative MRI examinations performed in these 78 patients, measuring the pB–C2 line length and documenting syringomyelia. The pB–C2 line length was divided into Grade 0 (< 3 mm) and Grade I (≥ 3 mm). Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test analysis for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between pB–C2 line grade and clinical variables found significant on univariate analysis, controlling for age and sex.

RESULTS
The mean patient age was 8.5 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 2.4 years. The mean pB–C2 line length was 3.5 mm (SD 2 mm), ranging from 0 to 10 mm. Overall, 65.4% of patients had a Grade I pB–C2 line. Patients with Grade I pB–C2 lines were 51% more likely to have a syrinx than those with Grade 0 pB–C2 lines (RR 1.513 [95% CI 1.024–2.90], p = 0.021) and, when present, had greater syrinx reduction (3.6 mm vs 0.2 mm, p = 0.002). Although there was no preoperative difference in headache incidence, postoperatively patients with Grade I pB–C2 lines were 69% more likely to have headache reduction than those with Grade 0 pB–C2 lines (RR 1.686 [95% CI 1.035–2.747], p = 0.009). After controlling for age and sex, pB–C2 line grade remained an independent correlate of headache improvement and syrinx reduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Ventral canal encroachment may explain the symptomatology of select patients with CM-I. The clinical findings presented suggest that patients with Grade I pB–C lines2, with increased ventral canal obstruction, may experience a higher likelihood of syrinx reduction and headache resolution from decompressive surgery with duraplasty than those with Grade 0 pB–C2 lines.
La rationalité historique du scepticisme sophistique
Authors: Plácido Suarez Domingo 
Published: December 2014

The Historical Rationality of Sophistic Scepticism.
In the present world, scepticism can be considered as a positive attitude and a strong thought in front of changing circumstances. It finds its origins in the first sceptics of Antiquity, whose main representative, the Sophists, refused dogma without denying complex truth.
P. Clodius, ses amis, ses partisans, sous le regard de Cicéron
Authors: Cels Saint-Hilaire Janine 
Published: December 2014

P. Clodius, his friends, his followers, under Cicero’s gaze.
Cicero, to win over his opponents, used to play on words and to resort to metonymy. The followers and friends of P. Clodius Pulcher, the popular tribune, were thus labelled as just out of slavery, or as foreigners. But if some of them belonged to the working classes, others came from the Roman elite ; others, at last, were enfranchised Italians, who had been waiting since more than thirty years to be inscribed in the Roman tribes.
Les divinités orientales dans les Alpes
Authors: Jourdain-Annequin Colette 
Published: December 2014

Oriental deities in the Alps.
The study points out the diversity of cults one tends to put under the generic term of “oriental cults”, or even of “mystery cults”. It also evaluates the evidence which enables us to measure their diffusion among the Alpine or the transient populations. After a quick survey of certain forms of religious (or aesthetic) exoticism, it takes into account more thoroughly the cult of Mithra, and lingers on the appeal produced by the great feminine divinities (Isis, the Great Mother), who conquered the region the more easily they met the functions of the locally worshipped Gallic “Matres”.
L’aventure des paysages grecs (1984-2004)
Authors: Doukellis Panagiotis N. 
Published: December 2014

The Greek landscapes’ adventure (1984-2004)
The article offers a synoptic presentation of the scientific trends of the last twenty years, with regards to the study of Greek landscapes. It refers to the targets of the Historical Geography, the contribution of the " New Wave" in the way that this has been influenced by the New Archaeology and the post-processual Archaeology. It ascertains that the changes in approaching the landscape precisely reflect, better than any other thematic field, the shift in the study of archaeology and they also fall in step with the differentiating behaviours of the modern societies against the material remnants of the past.