bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly compressible 3D periodic graphene aerogel microlattices
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Han T. Yong-Jin , Duoss Eric B. , Golobic Alexandra M. , Kuntz Joshua D. , Spadaccini Christopher M. , Worsley Marcus A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGraphene is a two-dimensional material that offers a unique combination of low density, exceptional mechanical properties, large surface area and excellent electrical conductivity. Recent progress has produced bulk 3D assemblies of graphene, such as graphene aerogels, but they possess purely stochastic porous networks, which limit their performance compared with the potential of an engineered architecture. Here we report the fabrication of periodic graphene aerogel microlattices, possessing an engineered architecture via a 3D printing technique known as direct ink writing. The 3D printed graphene aerogels are lightweight, highly conductive and exhibit supercompressibility (up to 90% compressive strain). Moreover, the Young’s moduli of the 3D printed graphene aerogels show an order of magnitude improvement over bulk graphene materials with comparable geometric density and possess large surface areas. Adapting the 3D printing technique to graphene aerogels realizes the possibility of fabricating a myriad of complex aerogel architectures for a broad range of applications.
Subdiffractional focusing and guiding of polaritonic rays in a natural hyperbolic material
Authors: Dai S. , Ma Q. , Andersen T. , Mcleod A. S. , Fei Z. , Liu M. K. , Wagner M. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Thiemens M. , Keilmann F. , Jarillo-Herrero P. , Fogler M. M. , Basov D. N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUniaxial materials whose axial and tangential permittivities have opposite signs are referred to as indefinite or hyperbolic media. In such materials, light propagation is unusual leading to novel and often non-intuitive optical phenomena. Here we report infrared nano-imaging experiments demonstrating that crystals of hexagonal boron nitride, a natural mid-infrared hyperbolic material, can act as a ‘hyper-focusing lens’ and as a multi-mode waveguide. The lensing is manifested by subdiffractional focusing of phonon–polaritons launched by metallic disks underneath the hexagonal boron nitride crystal. The waveguiding is revealed through the modal analysis of the periodic patterns observed around such launchers and near the sample edges. Our work opens new opportunities for anisotropic layered insulators in infrared nanophotonics complementing and potentially surpassing concurrent artificial hyperbolic materials with lower losses and higher optical localization.
Athermally photoreduced graphene oxides for three-dimensional holographic images
Authors: Li Xiangping , Ren Haoran , Chen Xi , Liu Juan , Li Qin , Li Chengmingyue , Xue Gaolei , Jia Jia , Cao Liangcai , Sahu Amit , Hu Bin , Wang Yongtian , Jin Guofan , Gu Min 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe emerging graphene-based material, an atomic layer of aromatic carbon atoms with exceptional electronic and optical properties, has offered unprecedented prospects for developing flat two-dimensional displaying systems. Here, we show that reduced graphene oxide enabled write-once holograms for wide-angle and full-colour three-dimensional images. This is achieved through the discovery of subwavelength-scale multilevel optical index modulation of athermally reduced graphene oxides by a single femtosecond pulsed beam. This new feature allows for static three-dimensional holographic images with a wide viewing angle up to 52 degrees. In addition, the spectrally flat optical index modulation in reduced graphene oxides enables wavelength-multiplexed holograms for full-colour images. The large and polarization-insensitive phase modulation over π in reduced graphene oxide composites enables to restore vectorial wavefronts of polarization discernible images through the vectorial diffraction of a reconstruction beam. Therefore, our technique can be leveraged to achieve compact and versatile holographic components for controlling light.
The hypomethylating agent Decitabine causes a paradoxical increase in 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in human leukemia cells
Authors: Chowdhury Basudev , McGovern Andrew , Cui Yi , Choudhury Samrat Roy , Cho Il-Hoon , Cooper Bruce , Chevassut Timothy , Lossie Amy C. , Irudayaraj Joseph 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe USFDA approved “epigenetic drug”, Decitabine, exerts its effect by hypomethylating DNA, demonstrating the pivotal role aberrant genome-wide DNA methylation patterns play in cancer ontology. Using sensitive technologies in a cellular model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, we demonstrate that while Decitabine reduces the global levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), it results in paradoxical increase of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) levels. Hitherto, the only biological mechanism known to generate 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC, involving oxidation of 5mC by members of Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) dioxygenase family, was not observed to undergo any alteration during DAC treatment. Using a multi-compartmental model of DNA methylation, we show that partial selectivity of TET enzymes for hemi-methylated CpG dinucleotides could lead to such alterations in 5hmC content. Furthermore, we investigated the binding of TET1-catalytic domain (CD)-GFP to DNA by Fluorescent Correlation Spectroscopy in live cells and detected the gradual increase of the DNA bound fraction of TET1-CD-GFP after treatment with Decitabine. Our study provides novel insights on the therapeutic activity of DAC in the backdrop of the newly discovered derivatives of 5mC and suggests that 5hmC has the potential to serve as a biomarker for monitoring the clinical success of patients receiving DAC.
Variations in the non-coding transcriptome as a driver of inter-strain divergence and physiological adaptation in bacteria
Authors: Kopf Matthias , Klähn Stephan , Scholz Ingeborg , Hess Wolfgang R. , Voß Björn 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn all studied organisms, a substantial portion of the transcriptome consists of non-coding RNAs that frequently execute regulatory functions. Here, we have compared the primary transcriptomes of the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714 and PCC 6803 under 10 different conditions. These strains share 2854 protein-coding genes and a 16S rRNA identity of 99.4%, indicating their close relatedness. Conserved major transcriptional start sites (TSSs) give rise to non-coding transcripts within the sigB gene, from the 5′UTRs of cmpA and isiA and 168 loci in antisense orientation. Distinct differences include single nucleotide polymorphisms rendering promoters inactive in one of the strains, e.g., for cmpR and for the asRNA PsbA2R. Based on the genome-wide mapped location, regulation and classification of TSSs, non-coding transcripts were identified as the most dynamic component of the transcriptome. We identified a class of mRNAs that originate by read-through from an sRNA that accumulates as a discrete and abundant transcript while also serving as the 5′UTR. Such an sRNA/mRNA structure, which we name ‘actuaton’, represents another way for bacteria to remodel their transcriptional network. Our findings support the hypothesis that variations in the non-coding transcriptome constitute a major evolutionary element of inter-strain divergence and capability for physiological adaptation.
Releasing N-glycan from Peptide N-terminus by N-terminal Succinylation Assisted Enzymatic Deglycosylation
Authors: Weng Yejing , Sui Zhigang , Jiang Hao , Shan Yichu , Chen Lingfan , Zhang Shen , Zhang Lihua , Zhang Yukui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDue to the important roles of N-glycoproteins in various biological processes, the global N-glycoproteome analysis has been paid much attention. However, by current strategies for N-glycoproteome profiling, peptides with glycosylated Asn at N-terminus (PGANs), generated by protease digestion, could hardly be identified, due to the poor deglycosylation capacity by enzymes. However, theoretically, PGANs occupy 10% of N-glycopeptides in the typical tryptic digests. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel strategy to identify PGANs by releasing N-glycans through the N-terminal site-selective succinylation assisted enzymatic deglycosylation. The obtained PGANs information is beneficial to not only achieve the deep coverage analysis of glycoproteomes, but also discover the new biological functions of such modification.
The effect of ionic strength on oil adhesion in sandstone – the search for the low salinity mechanism
Authors: Hilner E. , Andersson M. P. , Hassenkam T. , Matthiesen J. , Salino P. A. , Stipp S. L. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCore flood and field tests have demonstrated that decreasing injection water salinity increases oil recovery from sandstone reservoirs. However, the microscopic mechanism behind the effect is still under debate. One hypothesis is that as salinity decreases, expansion of the electrical double layer decreases attraction between organic molecules and pore surfaces. We have developed a method that uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) in chemical force mapping (CFM) mode to explore the relationship between wettability and salinity. We functionalised AFM tips with alkanes and used them to represent tiny nonpolar oil droplets. In repeated measurements, we brought our “oil” close to the surface of sand grains taken from core plugs and we measured the adhesion between the tip and sample. Adhesion was constant in high salinity solutions but below a threshold of 5,000 to 8,000 ppm, adhesion decreased as salinity decreased, rendering the surface less oil wet. The effect was consistent, reproducible and reversible. The threshold for the onset of low salinity response fits remarkably well with observations from core plug experiments and field tests. The results demonstrate that the electric double layer force always contributes at least in part to the low salinity effect, decreasing oil wettability when salinity is low.
HMA6 and HMA8 are two chloroplast Cu+-ATPases with different enzymatic properties
Authors: Sautron Emeline , Mayerhofer Hubert , Giustini Cécile , Pro Danièle , Crouzy Serge , Ravaud Stéphanie , Pebay-Peyroula Eva , Rolland Norbert , Catty Patrice , Seigneurin-Berny Daphné 
Published: April 2015

Copper (Cu) plays a key role in the photosynthetic process as cofactor of the plastocyanin (PC), an essential component of the chloroplast photosynthetic electron transfer chain. Encoded by the nuclear genome, PC is translocated in its apo-form into the chloroplast and the lumen of thylakoids where it is processed to its mature form and acquires Cu. In Arabidopsis, Cu delivery into the thylakoids involves two transporters of the PIB-1 ATPases family, heavy metal associated protein 6 (HMA6) located at the chloroplast envelope and HMA8 at the thylakoid membrane. To gain further insight into the way Cu is delivered to PC, we analysed the enzymatic properties of HMA8 and compared them with HMA6 ones using in vitro phosphorylation assays and phenotypic tests in yeast. These experiments reveal that HMA6 and HMA8 display different enzymatic properties: HMA8 has a higher apparent affinity for Cu+ but a slower dephosphorylation kinetics than HMA6. Modelling experiments suggest that these differences could be explained by the electrostatic properties of the Cu+ releasing cavities of the two transporters and/or by the different nature of their cognate Cu+ acceptors (metallochaperone/PC).
Heterogeneity of functional groups in a metal–organic framework displays magic number ratios
Authors: Sue Andrew C.-H. , Mannige Ranjan V. , Deng Hexiang , Cao Dennis , Wang Cheng , Gándara Felipe , Stoddart J. Fraser , Whitelam Stephen , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Arranging multiple component types in a controlled manner within solid frameworks may one day allow us to combine the heterogeneity characteristic of biological materials with the robustness characteristic of synthetic ones. Here, we report the synthesis of a metal–organic framework whose two component types are incorporated within it in a manner that is robust with respect to changes of solution composition. Calculations done on a model system suggest that this robustness occurs because component types become kinetically trapped during framework growth. Our calculations also show how different controlled arrangements of component types might be obtained by varying their noncovalent interactions, or by varying the topology of the covalent framework within which they are housed.
Direct force probe reveals the mechanics of nuclear homeostasis in the mammalian cell
Authors: Neelam Srujana , Chancellor T. J. , Li Yuan , Nickerson Jeffrey A. , Roux Kyle J. , Dickinson Richard B. , Lele Tanmay P. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
In a cell that is not actively moving, the shape of the nucleus and its central position are robustly maintained in a mechanical homeostasis. How nuclear shape and position are maintained despite the various types of intracellular forces that act on the nuclear surface is an open question. Dysregulated positioning and irregular nuclear shape are associated with a variety of human pathologies. In this paper we estimate the magnitude of the forces that are required to displace and deform the cell nucleus and identify the main molecules that resist these forces. Our results are important because they reveal how the nucleus has such a stable shape and position in the cell, despite the different forces acting on it.
Fine‐Scale Pathways Used By Adult Sea Lampreys during Riverine Spawning Migrations
Authors: Holbrook Christopher M. , Bergstedt Roger , Adams Noah S. , Hatton Tyson W. , McLaughlin Robert L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBetter knowledge of upstream migratory patterns of spawning Sea Lampreys Petromyzon marinus, an invasive species in the Great Lakes, is needed to improve trapping for population control and assessment. Although trapping of adult Sea Lampreys provides the basis for estimates of lake‐wide abundance that are used to evaluate the Sea Lamprey control program, traps have only been operated at dams due to insufficient knowledge of Sea Lamprey behavior in unobstructed channels. Acoustic telemetry and radiotelemetry were used to obtain movement tracks for 23 Sea Lampreys in 2008 and 18 Sea Lampreys in 2009 at two locations in the Mississagi River, Ontario. Cabled hydrophone arrays provided two‐dimensional geographic positions from acoustic transmitters at 3‐s intervals; depth‐encoded radio tag detections provided depths. Upstream movements occurred at dusk or during the night (2015–0318 hours). Sea Lampreys were closely associated with the river bottom and showed some preference to move near banks in shallow glide habitats, suggesting that bottom‐oriented gears could selectively target adult Sea Lampreys in some habitats. However, Sea Lampreys were broadly distributed across the river channel, suggesting that the capture efficiency of nets and traps in open channels would depend heavily on the proportion of the channel width covered. Lack of vertical movements into the water column may have reflected lamprey preference for low water velocities, suggesting that energy conservation was more beneficial for lampreys than was vertical searching in rivers. Improved understanding of Sea Lamprey movement will assist in the development of improved capture strategies for their assessment and control in the Great Lakes.
A Retrospective Analysis of Subaxial Subluxation After Atlanto-axial Arthrodesis in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Annual Radiographs Obtained for 5 Years
Authors: Iizuka Haku , Iizuka Yoichi , Mieda Tokue , Kobayashi Ryoichi , Nishinome Masahiro , Ara Tsuyoshi , Sorimachi Yasunori , Nakajima Takashi , Takagishi Kenji 
Published: April 2015

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of subaxial subluxation (SAS) after atlanto-axial arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients using annual radiographs obtained for 5 years and clarify the characteristics of SAS after surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Rheumatoid SAS has been reported to occur after atlanto-axial arthrodesis. Many authors have noted that excessive correction of the atlanto-axial angle (AAA) results in a decrease in subaxial lordosis, thereby inducing SAS; therefore, we paid special attention to acquiring a suitable AAA in patients with atlanto-axial arthrodesis.

Methods:
Twenty-five patients with AAS treated with surgery were reviewed. In all patients, lateral cervical radiographs were obtained in neutral, maximal flexion, and maximal extension positions every year for 5 years after surgery. We investigated the occurrence and progression of SAS using these annual radiographs.

Results:
There were no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative value in AAA and subaxial angle (SAA), respectively. Before surgery, SAS was found in 10 patients. The occurrence and progression of SAS after surgery was found in 12 cases (SAS P+ group). There were no significant differences in age, sex, or the duration of RA between the SAS P+ group and the remaining 13 cases. We also found no differences in the preoperative and postoperative AAA and SAA between the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
Although SAA was maintained after atlanto-axial arthrodesis in RA-AAS patients, 12 of 25 patients (48%) with AAS developed SAS after atlanto-axial fusion. Further surgery was not needed for SAS up to 5 years after the initial surgery. We did not find any relationship between the occurrence of SAS and the AAA and SAA before and after surgery. Therefore, our findings suggest that proper reduction of AAA in patients with atlanto-axial arthrodesis does not affect the occurrence of SAS at 5 years after surgery.
Intravenous Acetaminophen in Orbital Surgery
Authors: Wladis Edward J. , Kattato Dino F. , De Arup 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
To assess the role of intravenous acetaminophen (IVA) in orbital surgery.

Methods:
Fifty control patients underwent orbital surgery without IVA. Fifty patients received 1 g of IVA within 30 minutes of surgery, and 50 patients received 1 g of IVA immediately preoperatively. Postoperative requirements for analgesic and anti-emetic medications and standardized pain scores were recorded.

Results:
44 patients (88%) in the control group and 57 patients (57%) that received IVA preoperatively required analgesic medications (p = 0.0023). 31 patients (62%) that received the medication within 30 minutes of surgery and 26 patients (52%) that received IVA immediately preoperatively required analgesic medications (p = 0.77). The control group had a greater requirement for analgesic medications than patients that received IVA within 30 minutes of orbital surgery (p = 0.0076) and those that received IVA immediately preoperatively (p = 0.032). Twelve patients in the control group (24%) and 4 patients (4%) in the group that received IVA preoperatively received anti-emetic medications (p = 0.0078). Mean pain scores for all patients that received IVA, patients that received IVA within 30 minutes of surgery, and patients that received IVA at the time of surgery were 3.68 (standard deviation = 3.24), 3.12 (standard deviation = 3.05) and 4.39 (standard deviation = 3.37), respectively, as compared to a mean control group score of 7.92 (standard deviation = 3.36), (p = 8.30x10–15).

Conclusions:
When administered prior to orbital surgery, IVA significantly reduced pain scores and postoperative requirements for analgesic and anti-nausea medications.
Supply chain integration, information technology, market orientation and firm performance in container shipping firms
Authors: Tseng Po-Hsing , Liao Chun-Hsiung 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to use a theoretical framework (i.e. resource-based view) to investigate causal relationships between the supply chain integration, market orientation, information technology (IT) application and firm performance of container shipping firms in Taiwan.Design/methodology/approach– The data are collected from 124 container shipping firms in Taiwan. The methodologies used in the paper are exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.Findings– The findings indicated that IT application and market orientation positively influence supply chain integration. It revealed that IT-based and market-oriented firms more easily integrate market information related to partners, departments and customers. Further, supply chain integration and market orientation have a positive effect on firm performance.Research limitations/implications– Such a result indicated a market-oriented firm quickly responds to market information and competitors’ strategies; and thus, it would make effort to offer satisfactory customer services in dynamically fluctuating markets, and obtain better firm performance. Also, the integration provides higher operation efficiency and obtains an enhanced performance improvement.Practical implications– The results also indicated that firms are able to develop their market-oriented strategies through electronic information transmission and exchange platform. Based on the study’s findings, managerial strategies are proposed to improve firm performance.Originality/value– This paper clarifies the concept of supply chain integration, market orientation and IT application in the context of container shipping, and investigates the inter-relationship between supply chain integration, market orientation, IT application and firm performance and develop a conceptual model in the context of container shipping.
The effects of the global financial crisis on the capital structure of EPRA/NAREIT Europe index companies
Authors: Morri Giacomo , Artegiani Andrea 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to test whether the financial crisis has affected the capital structure of real estate companies in Europe and whether these impacts can be studied utilizing the variables traditionally used by the trade-off and pecking-order theories to explain the capital structure of companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a fixed-effect panel regression analysis and a sample composed of companies included in the EPRA/NAREIT Europe Index. The effect of the financial crisis has been accounted for within the model by means of a dummy variable.

Findings
– The global financial crisis did have an impact on the capital structure of companies and the main variables traditionally used by the trade-off and pecking order theories proved to be suitable in explaining the capital structure of real estate companies. Real estate investment trusts are, on average, more leveraged than traditional real estate companies due to their special regulatory status.

Research limitations/implications
– The study is limited to the European market and UK companies in particular account for a large part of the sample. In addition, major regulatory differences between the various European countries are not taken into account in the model.

Originality/value
– Similar studies have been performed for the US and Australian market. However, the impact of the global financial crisis has not been traditionally considered in these studies.