bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the mechanodynamic lung environment on fibroblast phenotype via the Flexcell
Authors: Al Yazeedi S , Abokor A. F , Brussow J , Thiam F , Phogat S , Osei E.T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe lung is a highly mechanical organ as it is exposed to approximately 109 strain cycles, (where strain is the length change of tissue structure per unit initial length), with an approximately 4% amplitude change during quiet tidal breathing or 107 strain cycles at a 25% amplitude during heavy exercises, sighs, and deep inspirations. These mechanical indices have been reported to become aberrant in lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary hypertension, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and asthma. Through recent innovations, various in vitro systems/bioreactors used to mimic the lung’s mechanical strain have been developed. Among these, the Flexcell tension system which is composed of bioreactors that utilize a variety of programs in vitro to apply static and cyclic strain on different cell-types established as 2D monolayer cultures or cell-embedded 3D hydrogel models, has enabled the assessment of the response of different cells such as fibroblasts to the lung’s mechanical strain in health and disease. Fibroblasts are the main effector cells responsible for the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins to repair and maintain tissue homeostasis and are implicated in the excessive deposition of matrix proteins that leads to lung fibrosis. In this review, we summarise, studies that have used the Flexcell tension bioreactor to assess effects of the mechanical lung on the structure, function, and phenotype of lung fibroblasts in homeostatic conditions and abnormal environments associated with lung injury and disease. We show that these studies have revealed that different strain conditions regulate fibroblast proliferation, ECM protein production, and inflammation in normal repair and the diseased lung.
A new, effective method for diagnosing GLAD lesions: the chicken-wing muscle up test
Authors: Lin Shun , Zhong Zhenye , Xiao Jie , Zheng Yun , Shen Feng , Chen Jinshui , Yang Xiu , Han Xuesong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to develop and evaluate a new diagnostic method, the 'chicken-wing muscle up test', to improve the accuracy of diagnosis of glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD) lesions compared to currently used clinical tests for injuries to the labrum.

Methods
Preoperative evaluations were conducted on 85 patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery at a single center between July 2021 to July 2022. The diagnostic performance of the preoperative clinical examinations (chicken-wing muscle up test, O'Brien test, crank test, and O'Driscoll test) were validated against the findings of arthroscopic examinations.

Results
12 of the 85 patients in this study had arthroscopically confirmed GLAD lesions. The chicken-wing muscle up test demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (83.33%) for GLAD lesions than the O'Brien test (33.33%), but not the crank test (50.00%) or O'Driscoll test (25.00%), and significantly higher specificity (95.89%) than the O'Brien test (75.34%), crank test (82.19%), and O'Driscoll test (71.23%). The chicken-wing muscle up test had the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.896, P < 0.001; O'Driscoll test AUC = 0.543, P > 0.05; crank test AUC = 0.661, P > 0.05; O'Brien test AUC = 0.481, P > 0.05), indicating significantly better diagnostic efficacy for GLAD lesions than the other three tests.

Conclusions
The chicken-wing muscle up test is a reliable diagnostic method that improves the accuracy of diagnosis of GLAD lesions.
Trend, disparities, and projection analysis of public data on foot fractures in Sweden: a retrospective analysis of 179 129 fractures
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Magnéli Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Orthopedic injuries to the foot constitute a significant portion of lower extremity injuries, necessitating an understanding of trends for effective preventive strategies and resource allocation. Demographic shifts, improved traffic safety, and lifelong physical activity may alter incidence rates, trauma mechanisms, and fracture distribution. This study explores the prevalence of foot fractures in Sweden using publicly available data.

Methods
Utilizing data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare (SNBHW) spanning 2008–2022, retrospective study focuses on foot fractures in Sweden. Analysis includes calculating annual incidence rates per 100,000 person-years, assessing temporal trends, and exploring seasonal variations. Poisson regression analysis was used for projections into 2035.

Results
Between 2008–2022, the average annual foot fracture incidence was 11,942, with notable fluctuations influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Age and sex disparities impact rates, and seasonal variance highlights increased incidence in summer. By 2035, foot fractures will decreasae amongst several demographic groups.

Conclusion
This study provides insights into temporal trends, sex differences, and seasonal variations foot fracture patterns in Sweden. The identified trends suggest the utilization of targeted preventive strategies, efficient resource allocation, and informed healthcare planning. Despite limitations, this research offers valuable insights into foot fractures within the Swedish population, utilizing publicly aggregated data.
Mechanisms of neurodynamic treatments (MONET): a protocol for a mechanistic, randomised, single-blind controlled trial in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: E. Sierra-Silvestre , M. Tachrount , AC. Themistocleous , M. Stewart , G. Baskozos , AB. Schmid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Physiotherapeutic management is the first-line intervention for patients with entrapment neuropathies such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). As part of physiotherapy, neurodynamic interventions are often used to treat people with peripheral nerve involvement, but their mechanisms of action are yet to be fully understood. The MONET (mechanisms of neurodynamic treatment) study aims to investigate the mechanisms of action of neurodynamic exercise intervention on nerve structure, and function.

Methods
This mechanistic, randomised, single-blind, controlled trial will include 78 people with electrodiagnostically confirmed mild or moderate CTS and 30 healthy participants (N = 108). Patients will be randomly assigned into (1) a 6-week progressive home-based neurodynamic exercise intervention (n = 26), (2) a steroid injection (= 26), or (3) advice (n = 26) group. The primary outcome measure is fractional anisotropy of the median nerve at the wrist using advanced magnetic resonance neuroimaging. Secondary outcome measures include neuroimaging markers at the wrist, quantitative sensory testing, electrodiagnostics, and patient reported outcome measures. Exploratory outcomes include neuroimaging markers at the cervical spine, inflammatory and axonal integrity markers in serial blood samples and biopsies of median nerve innervated skin. We will evaluate outcome measures at baseline and at the end of the 6-week intervention period. We will repeat questionnaires at 6-months. Two-way repeated measures ANCOVAs, followed by posthoc testing will be performed to identify differences in outcome measures among groups and over time.

Discussion
This study will advance our understanding of the mechanisms of action underpinning neurodynamic exercises, which will ultimately help clinicians to better target these treatments to those patients who may benefit from them. The inclusion of a positive control group (steroid injection) and a negative control group (advice) will strengthen the interpretation of our results.

Trial registration
NCT05859412, 20/4/2023.
Artificial intelligence in medical education - perception among medical students
Authors: Jackson Preetha , Ponath Sukumaran Gayathri , Babu Chikku , Tony M. Christa , Jack Deen Stephano , Reshma V. R. , Davis Dency , Kurian Nisha , John Anjum 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes pervasive in healthcare, including applications like robotic surgery and image analysis, the World Medical Association emphasises integrating AI education into medical curricula. This study evaluates medical students’ perceptions of ‘AI in medicine’, their preferences for AI training in education, and their grasp of AI’s ethical implications in healthcare.

Materials & methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 325 medical students in Kerala using a pre-validated, semi structured questionnaire. The survey collected demographic data, any past educational experience about AI, participants’ self-evaluation of their knowledge and evaluated self-perceived understanding of applications of AI in medicine. Participants responded to twelve Likert-scale questions targeting perceptions and ethical aspects and their opinions on suggested topics on AI to be included in their curriculum.

Results & discussion
AI was viewed as an assistive technology for reducing medical errors by 57.2% students and 54.2% believed AI could enhance medical decision accuracy. About 49% agreed that AI could potentially improve accessibility to healthcare. Concerns about AI replacing physicians were reported by 37.6% and 69.2% feared a reduction in the humanistic aspect of medicine. Students were worried about challenges to trust (52.9%), patient-physician relationships (54.5%) and breach of professional confidentiality (53.5%). Only 3.7% felttotally competent in informing patients about features and risks associated with AI applications. Strong demand for structured AI training was expressed, particularly on reducing medical errors (76.9%) and ethical issues (79.4%).

Conclusion
This study highlights medical students’ demand for structured AI training in undergraduate curricula, emphasising its importance in addressing evolving healthcare needs and ethical considerations. Despite widespread ethical concerns, the majority perceive AI as an assistive technology in healthcare. These findings provide valuable insights for curriculum development and defining learning outcomes in AI education for medical students.
Intent to leave academia: perceptions and challenges of nurse faculty
Authors: Aldhafeeri Nouf Afit , Alanazi Fadiyah Jadid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The shortage of nursing faculty is a significant global issue affecting the nursing profession. Faculty turnover can negatively impact the institution by decreasing the number of qualified nursing faculty and disrupting the educational process. The cost of replacing departing faculty and recruiting and training new faculty may increase.

Purpose
To describe perceptions of nursing faculty of intentions to leave academia and to identify challenges that contribute to nurse faculty turnover in academic setting.

Method
A descriptive naturalistic, qualitative approach is used to explore nurses perceptions and intentions to leave academia.

Results
The themes identified were unexpected journey, with two sub-themes, lack of role clarity and lack of preparation/orientation, and work environment, with four sub-themes: low Salary, workload, lack of support and favoritism.

Conclusion
The urgency of addressing the factors that contribute to nurse faculty intending to leave academia cannot be overstated. The results of this study have direct implications for nursing schools’ administrators, where these findings can provide them with, valuable insights that they can be used to implement best practices and mitigate the problem of nursing faculty turnover.
Comprehensive analysis of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network related to angiogenesis in recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Wang Anran , Chen Piaopiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Abnormal endometrial blood flow causes a decrease in endometrial receptivity and is considered a relatively independent risk factor for recurrent implantation failure (RIF). This study aimed to explore the potentially functional circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in RIF, and further explore its mechanism.

Methods
Datasets were downloaded from the GEO database to identify differentially expressed circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs. The circRNA–miRNA–mRNA and PPI networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.0 and the STRING database, the hub genes were identified with the cytoHubba plug-in, and a circRNA–miRNA–hub mRNA regulatory sub-network was constructed. Then, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the hub genes were performed to comprehensively analyze the mechanism of hub mRNAs in RIF. Due to the results of circRNAs-miRNAs-hub mRNAs regulatory network, we verified the expression of circRNA_0001721, circRNA_0000714, miR-17-5p, miR-29b-3p, HIF1A and VEGFA in the RIF mouse model by qRT‒PCR and western blotting.

Results
We initially identified 175 DEmRNAs, 48 DEmiRNAs and 56 DEcircRNAs in RIF associated with angiogenesis and constructed a circRNA-miRNA‒mRNA network and PPI network. We further identified six hub genes in the acquired network. Based on these genes, functional enrichment analysis revealed that the HIF-1 signaling pathway plays a vital role in endometrial angiogenesis in RIF. In addition, the interaction networks of circRNA_0001721/miR-17-5p/HIF1A and the circRNA_0000714/miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axis were predicted. In the RIF mouse model, circRNA_0001721, circRNA_0000714, HIF1A and VEGFA were down-regulated, whereas miR-17-5p and miR-29b-3p were up-regulated according to qRT‒PCR and western blotting.

Conclusion
This study revealed that the HIF-1 signaling pathway plays a vital role in endometrial angiogenesis in RIF. The circRNA_0001721/miR-17-5p/HIF1A and circRNA_0000714/miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axes might play a role in the pathogenesis of endometrial angiogenesis in RIF.
Association between atherogenic index of plasma and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality: a nationwide population‑based cohort study
Authors: You Fang-Fei , Gao Jian , Gao Yi-Ning , Li Zhi-Hao , Shen Dong , Zhong Wen-Fang , Yang Jin , Wang Xiao-Meng , Song Wei-Qi , Yan Hao , Yan Hao-Yu , Xie Jia-Hao , Chen Huan , Mao Chen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), a marker of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few studies have investigated association between AIP and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality in the general population.

Methods
This study included data from 14,063 American adults. The exposure variable was the AIP, which was defined as log10 (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The outcome variables included all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Survey-weighted cox regressions were performed to evaluate the relation between AIP and all-cause mortality and specific-mortality. Weighted restricted cubic spline was conducted to examin the non-linear relationship.

Results
During 10 years of follow-up, we documented 2,077, 262, 854, and 476 cases of all-cause mortality, diabetes mortality, CVD mortality and cancer mortality, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, we found that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes mortality when comparing the highest to the lowest quantile of AIP in female (p for trend = 0.001) or participants older than 65 years (p for trend = 0.002). AIP was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and cancer mortality (p > 0.05). Moreover, a non-linear association was observed between AIP and all-cause mortality in a U-shape (p for non-linear = 0.0011), while a linear relationship was observed with diabetes mortality and non-diabetes mortality (p for linear < 0.0001).

Conclusions
In this study, there is a no significant association between high AIP levels and a high risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Besides, a higher AIP was significantly associated with an increased risk of diabetes mortality, which only found in women older than 65 years. AIP was associated with all-cause mortality in a U-shape. This association could be explained by the finding that higher AIP predicted a higher risk of death from diabetes, and that lower AIP predicted a higher risk of death from non-diabetes causes.
Unveiling heterogeneity and prognostic markers in ductal breast cancer through single-cell RNA-seq
Authors: Hou Jianxun , Liu Wei , Yan Meihong , Ren Yanlv , Qian Cheng , Fu Yingqiang , Wang Hongbin , Li Zhigao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease, with the ductal subtype exhibiting significant cellular diversity that influences prognosis and response to treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GEO database were utilized in this study to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity and to identify potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Methods
Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using R packages to analyze the single-cell sequencing data. The presence of highly variable genes and differences in malignant potency within the same BC samples were examined. Differential gene expression and biological function between Type 1 and Type 2 ductal epithelial cells were identified. Lasso regression and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were employed to identify genes associated with patient prognosis. Experimental validation was performed in vitro and in vivo to confirm the functional relevance of the identified genes.

Results
The analysis revealed notable heterogeneity among BC cells, with the presence of highly variable genes and differences in malignant behavior within the same samples. Significant disparities in gene expression and biological function were identified between Type 1 and Type 2 ductal epithelial cells. Through regression analyses, CYP24A1 and TFPI2 were identified as pivotal genes associated with patient prognosis. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated their prognostic significance, and experimental validation confirmed their inhibitory effects on malignant behaviors of ductal BC cells.

Conclusion
This study highlights the cellular heterogeneity in ductal subtype breast cancer and delineates the differential gene expressions and biological functions between Type 1 and Type 2 ductal epithelial cells. The genes CYP24A1 and TFPI2 emerged as promising prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, exhibiting inhibitory effects on BC cell malignancy in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer the potential for improved BC management and the development of targeted treatment strategies.
Two cases demonstrate an association between Tropheryma whipplei and pulmonary marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Haslbauer J. D. , Wiegand C. , Hamelin B. , Ivanova V. S. , Menter T. , Savic Prince S. , Tzankov A. , Mertz K. D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissues (MZL of MALT) are a group of indolent B-cell neoplasms, which are thought to arise from chronic antigenic stimulation of B-cells either due to underlying chronic infection or autoimmune disease. Little is known about potential causative pathogens in pulmonary MZL (PMZL), although some data suggests a potential role of Achromobacter (A.) xylosoxidans.

Methods
An index case of chronic pulmonary colonisation with Tropheryma (T.) whipplei and subsequent development of PMZL was identified by T. whipplei specific PCR and metagenomic next genome sequencing (mNGS). This case prompted a retrospectively conducted analysis of T. whipplei-specific PCRs in lung tissue from PMZL patients (n = 22), other pulmonary lymphomas, and normal controls. Positive results were confirmed by mNGS. A systematic search for T. whipplei and A. xylosoxidans in our in-house mNGS dataset comprising autopsy lungs, lung biopsies and lung resection specimens (n = 181) was subsequently performed.

Results
A 69-year-old patient presented with weight loss and persistent pulmonary consolidation. Subsequent mNGS analysis detected T. whipplei in the resected lung specimen. An antibiotic regimen eventually eliminated the bacterium. However, the consolidation persisted, and the diagnosis of PMZL was made in a second lung resection specimen. A second case of T. whipplei-associated PMZL was subsequently detected in the retrospectively analysed PMZL cohort. Both cases showed comparatively few mutations and no mutations in genes encoding for NF-κB pathway components, suggesting that T. whipplei infection may substitute for mutations in these PMZL. None of the samples in our in-house dataset tested positive for T. whipplei. In contrast, A. xylosoxidans was frequently found in both autopsy lungs and lung biopsy / resection specimens that were not affected by PMZL (> 50%).

Conclusions
Our data suggests that T. whipplei colonisation of lungs may trigger PMZL as a potential driver. Systematic analyses with larger cohorts should be conducted to further support this hypothesis. The frequent detection of A. xylosoxidans in lung tissue suggests that it is a common component of the pulmonary microbiome and therefore less likely to trigger lymphomas.
Synthesis, docking and characterization of some novel 5-(S-alkyl)-1.3.4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents
Authors: El-Saghier Ahmed M. , Abdul-Baset Asmaa , El-Hady Omer M. , El-Raheem Walaa M. Abd , Kadry Asmaa M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBecause of the great pharmacological and industrial significance of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its related compounds, researchers are still very interested in them. For this reason, in this study, we looked at ways to create new hybrid compounds containing carboxamide and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties. The thioxoacetamide derivatives used to make these compounds were reacted with various alkylated reagents to produce multiple S-alkyl groups. Additionally, these compounds were reacted with aldehydes to form novel derivatives known as 5-(substituent)-N-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-carboxamide. Here, we used the agar well diffusion method to examine the antibacterial activity of all the produced compounds against a few pathogenic bacteria that were resistant to multiple drugs. Additionally, look into their capacity to lower inflammation through the use of bovine serum albumin in the protein denaturation procedure. The substances were characterized by spectral analysis (IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and Elemental Analysis), and efficient as antibacterial agents against all the tested bacterial strains, except for Escherichia coli. Compounds 4a and 8c showed the highest level of inhibition zone against Gram-positive bacteria (Staph. aureus, Bacillus subtilis) at concentration 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 mg/ml compared with ciprofloxacin at the same concentrations. The results demonstrated that every compound has significant anti-inflammatory activity. At a concentration of 250 µg/ml, compounds 3a, 4c and 8c had the highest percentage inhibition of protein denaturation when (83.24%, 86.44% and 85.14%, respectively) compared to other compounds and diclofenac sodium as reference drug. Comparing compounds 4c and 8c to ciprofloxacin and diclofenac sodium, they showed powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, an investigation using molecular docking against DHPS from S. aureus (PDB ID: 6CLV) showed a strong connection with the intended protein and an elevated docking score, making it a prime candidate for antibiotics.