bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Electrodes by In-Situ Integration of Graphene and Carbon-Nanotubes in Polypyrrole for Supercapacitors
Authors: Aphale Ashish , Maisuria Krushangi , Mahapatra Manoj K. , Santiago Angela , Singh Prabhakar , Patra Prabir 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSupercapacitors also known as electrochemical capacitors, that store energy via either Faradaic or non-Faradaic processes, have recently grown popularity mainly because they complement and can even replace, conventional energy storage systems in variety of applications. Supercapacitor performance can be improved significantly by developing new nanocomposite electrodes which utilizes both the energy storage processes simultaneously. Here we report, fabrication of the freestanding hybrid electrodes, by incorporating graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in pyrrole monomer via its in-situ polymerization. At the scan rate of 5 mV s−1, the specific capacitance of the polypyrrole-CNT-graphene (PCG) electrode film was 453 F g−1 with ultrahigh energy and power density of 62.96 W h kg−1 and 566.66 W kg−1 respectively, as shown in the Ragone plot. A nanofibrous membrane was electrospun and effectively used as a separator in the supercapacitor. Four supercapacitors were assembled in series to demonstrate the device performance by lighting a 2.2 V LED.
Nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation on a half-line
Authors: Kaikina Elena I. 
Published: September 2015

We study the initial-boundary value (IBV) problem for the nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation ut+iuxx+iu2u+i∂x12u=0,t&gt;0,x&gt;0u(x,0)=u0(x),x&gt;0,u(0,t)=h(t),t&gt;0, where ∂x12u=12π∫0∞sign (x−y)x−yuy(y)dy. We prove the global in time existence of solutions of IBV problem for nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with inhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. Also, we are interested in the study of the asymptotic behavior of solutions.
Control over overall shape and size in de novo designed proteins
Authors: Lin Yu-Ru , Koga Nobuyasu , Tatsumi-Koga Rie , Liu Gaohua , Clouser Amanda F. , Montelione Gaetano T. , Baker David 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceWe describe how protein size and shape can be sculpted by de novo protein design. Precise control over protein shape will be critical for completely de novo design of high-affinity binding proteins, enzymes, and protein-based nanomaterials. The systematic procedure for design of αβ-protein structures from scratch described in this paper should be broadly useful.
RodZ links MreB to cell wall synthesis to mediate MreB rotation and robust morphogenesis
Authors: Morgenstein Randy M. , Bratton Benjamin P. , Nguyen Jeffrey P. , Ouzounov Nikolay , Shaevitz Joshua W. , Gitai Zemer 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The bacterial actin homolog, MreB, is a key determinant of rod-cell shape but the mechanism by which it functions has remained a topic of much debate. Recently it was shown that MreB exists as small polymers that actively rotate around the cell circumference. This rotation is widely conserved, yet its mechanism and function have remained unknown. Here we show that MreB rotates because cytoplasmic MreB filaments are coupled to periplasmic cell wall synthesis through the transmembrane protein RodZ, which acts as a transmembrane linker. Furthermore, by genetically uncoupling MreB rotation from growth we establish MreB rotation acts as a robustness mechanism for rod-like shape determination. This work thus explains the mystery of MreB rotation and suggests a new model for bacterial cell shape maintenance.
Estimating Cohort Survival through Tributaries for Salmonid Populations with Variable Ages at Migration
Authors: Buchanan Rebecca A. , Skalski John R. , Mackey Gregory , Snow Charles , Murdoch Andrew R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Survival of juvenile anadromous Pacific salmonids from their earliest age of seaward movement (“out-migration”) through the tributaries that connect their rearing grounds to larger-order rivers (“cohort survival”) is an important yet often unmonitored factor in the complex life history of these species. Populations with variable age at out-migration (e.g., steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss) or multiple juvenile rearing strategies (e.g., Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha) raise particular challenges in survival monitoring. A multiple-state release–recapture model is presented to estimate cohort survival for salmonid species with variable age at out-migration and demonstrated in two case studies. Annual releases of fish tagged with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags from the same brood year (cohort) and their detections by instream PIT-tag detection arrays in tributaries and at hydroelectric dams are used to estimate survival through tributaries and the age composition of juvenile migrants reaching downstream sites. The 2010 cohort of Chinook Salmon from the Chiwawa River in Washington State had estimated survival of 0.59 to the middle Wenatchee River array in Tumwater Dam Reservoir (river distance of 30 km) and 0.12 to McNary Dam (364 km) on the Columbia River. The age composition shifted from 60.1% subyearlings at the Wenatchee River array to 100% yearlings at McNary Dam, reflecting the use of the Wenatchee River as a nonnatal rearing area, whereas McNary Dam is in the migratory corridor. The 2010 cohort of steelhead from the Twisp River in Washington State had estimated survival from the yearling stage of 0.30 to Rocky Reach Dam (146 km from the Twisp River mouth) on the Columbia River and 0.17 to McNary Dam (439 km). The low survival to the Columbia River resulted from both mortality and adoption of a resident life history and reflects the diverse population structure in the Twisp River.
Received February 4, 2015; accepted June 11, 2015
Visuospatial Ability as a Predictor of Novice Performance in Ultrasound-guided Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Shafqat Atif , Ferguson Eamonn , Thanawala Vishal , Bedforth Nigel M. , Hardman Jonathan G. , McCahon Robert A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstract
Visuospatial testing predicts novice performance in performing ultrasound-guided needle placement on a benchtop model, and anxiety adversely affects performance. These factors may prove useful in creating tailored training of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia designed to meet individual learner’s needs.

Background
Visuospatial ability correlates positively with novice performance of simple laparoscopic tasks. The aims of this study were to identify whether visuospatial ability could predict technical performance of an ultrasound-guided needle task by novice operators and to describe how emotional state, intelligence, and fear of failure impact on this.

Methods
Sixty medical student volunteers enrolled in this observational study. The authors used an instructional video to standardize training for ultrasound-guided needle advancement in a turkey breast model and assessed volunteers’ performance independently by two assessors using composite error score (CES) and global rating scale (GRS). The authors assessed their “visuospatial ability” with mental rotation test (MRT), group embedded figures test, and Alice Heim group ability test. Emotional state was judged with UWIST Mood Adjective Checklist (UMACL), and fear of failure and general cognitive ability were judged with numerical reasoning test.

Results
High CES scores (high error rate) were associated with low MRT scores (ρ = −0.54; P < 0.001). Better GRS scores were associated with better MRT scores (ρ = 0.47; P < 0.001). Regarding emotions, GRS scores were low when anxiety levels were high (ρ = −0.35; P = 0.005) and CES scores (errors) were low when individuals reported feeling vigorous and active (ρ = −0.30; P = 0.01).

Conclusions
An MRT predicts novice performance of an ultrasound-guided needling task on a turkey model and as a trait measure could be used as a tool to focus training resources on less-able individuals. Anxiety adversely affects performance. Therefore, both may prove useful in directing targeted training in ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia.
Cardiac Output and Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Meng Lingzhong , Hou Wugang , Chui Jason , Han Ruquan , Gelb Adrian W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is rigorously regulated by various powerful mechanisms to safeguard the match between cerebral metabolic demand and supply. The question of how a change in cardiac output (CO) affects CBF is fundamental, because CBF is dependent on constantly receiving a significant proportion of CO. The authors reviewed the studies that investigated the association between CO and CBF in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic heart failure. The overall evidence shows that an alteration in CO, either acutely or chronically, leads to a change in CBF that is independent of other CBF-regulating parameters including blood pressure and carbon dioxide. However, studies on the association between CO and CBF in patients with varying neurologic, medical, and surgical conditions were confounded by methodologic limitations. Given that CBF regulation is multifactorial but the various processes must exert their effects on the cerebral circulation simultaneously, the authors propose a conceptual framework that integrates the various CBF-regulating processes at the level of cerebral arteries/arterioles while still maintaining autoregulation. The clinical implications pertinent to the effect of CO on CBF are discussed. Outcome research relating to the management of CO and CBF in high-risk patients or during high-risk surgeries is needed.
Cardiac output causally affects cerebral blood flow. A conceptualization is proposed for the purpose of integrating at the level of cerebral resistance vessel various mechanisms that regulate the cerebral circulation and jointly determine the brain perfusion.
Cost-Effectiveness of Cetuximab as First-line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the United States
Authors: Shankaran Veena , Ortendahl Jesse D. , Purdum Anna G. , Bolinder Bjorn , Anene Ayanna M. , Sun Gordon H. , Bentley Tanya G.K. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:
We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis incorporating recent phase III clinical trial (FIRE-3) data to evaluate clinical and economic tradeoffs associated with first-line treatments of KRAS wild-type (WT) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Materials and Methods:
A cost-effectiveness model was developed using FIRE-3 data to project survival and lifetime costs of FOLFIRI plus either cetuximab or bevacizumab. Hypothetical KRAS-WT mCRC patients initiated first-line treatment and could experience adverse events, disease progression warranting second-line treatment, or clinical response and hepatic metastasectomy. Model inputs were derived from FIRE-3 and published literature. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were reported as US$ per life year (LY) and quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Scenario analyses considered patients with extended RAS mutations and CALGB/SWOG 80405 data; 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results:
Compared with bevacizumab, KRAS-WT patients receiving first-line cetuximab gained 5.7 months of life at a cost of $46,266, for an ICER of $97,223/LY ($122,610/QALY). For extended RAS-WT patients, the ICER was $77,339/LY ($99,584/QALY). Cetuximab treatment was cost-effective 80.3% of the time, given a willingness-to-pay threshold of $150,000/LY. Results were sensitive to changes in survival, treatment duration, and product costs.

Conclusions:
Our analysis of FIRE-3 data suggests that first-line treatment with cetuximab and FOLFIRI in KRAS (and extended RAS) WT mCRC patients may improve health outcomes and use financial resources more efficiently than bevacizumab and FOLFIRI. This information, in combination with other studies investigating comparative effectiveness of first-line options, can be useful to clinicians, payers, and policymakers in making treatment and resource allocation decisions for mCRC patients.
Speciation driven by hybridization and chromosomal plasticity in a wild yeast
Authors: Leducq Jean-Baptiste , Nielly-Thibault Lou , Charron Guillaume , Eberlein Chris , Verta Jukka-Pekka , Samani Pedram , Sylvester Kayla , Hittinger Chris Todd , Bell Graham , Landry Christian R 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHybridization is recognized as a powerful mechanism of speciation and a driving force in generating biodiversity. However, only few multicellular species, limited to a handful of plants and animals, have been shown to fulfill all the criteria of homoploid hybrid speciation. This lack of evidence could lead to the misconception that speciation by hybridization has a limited role in eukaryotes, particularly in single-celled organisms. Laboratory experiments have revealed that fungi such as budding yeasts can rapidly develop reproductive isolation and novel phenotypes through hybridization, showing that in principle homoploid speciation could occur in nature. Here we report a case of homoploid hybrid speciation in natural populations of the budding yeastSaccharomyces paradoxusinhabiting the North American forests. We show that the rapid evolution of chromosome architecture and an ecological context that led to secondary contact between nascent species drove the formation of an incipient hybrid species with a potentially unique ecological niche.One Sentence SummaryChromosomal rearrangements and hybridization between two yeast lineages drive hybrid speciation after secondary contact.
Stabilization of porcine pancreatic elastase crystals by glutaraldehyde cross-linking
Authors: Hofbauer Stefan , Brito José A. , Mulchande Jalmira , Nogly Przemyslaw , Pessanha Miguel , Moreira Rui , Archer Margarida 
Published: September 2015

Elastase is a serine protease from the chymotrypsin family of enzymes with the ability to degrade elastin, an important component of connective tissues. Excessive elastin proteolysis leads to a number of pathological diseases. Porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) is often used for drug development as a model for human leukocyte elastase (HLE), with which it shares high sequence identity. Crystals of PPE were grown overnight using sodium sulfate and sodium acetate at acidic pH. Cross-linking the crystals with glutaraldehyde was needed to resist the soaking procedure with a diethyl N-(methyl)pyridinyl-substituted oxo-β-lactam inhibitor. Crystals of PPE bound to the inhibitor belonged to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 51.0, b = 58.3, c = 74.9 Å, and diffracted to 1.8 Å resolution using an in-house X-ray source.
Dynamic modeling of sustainable operation in green manufacturing environment
Authors: Orji Ifeyinwa Juliet , Wei Sun 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Globally, supply chains compete in a complex and rapidly changing environment. Hence, sustainable supplier selection has become a decisive variable in the firm’s financial success. This requires reliable tools and techniques to enhance understanding on how supplier behavior evolves with time and to select the best sustainable supplier. System dynamics (SD) is an approach to investigate the dynamic behavior in which the system alterations correspond to the system variable changes. Fuzzy logic usually solves the challenges of imprecise data and ambiguous human judgment. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This work presents a novel modeling approach for integrating information on supplier behavior in fuzzy environment with SD simulation modeling technique. This results in a more reliable and responsible decision-support system. Supplier behavior with respect to relevant sustainability criteria were sourced through expert interviews and simulated in Vensim to select the best possible sustainable supplier. The simulation runs were carried out in four scenarios, namely, past, current, future and average time horizon for four different suppliers. A multi-criteria decision-making model was presented to compare results from the systems dynamics model.

Findings
– An increase in the rate of investment in sustainability by the different suppliers causes an exponential increase in total sustainability performance of the suppliers. The growth rate of the total performance of suppliers outruns their rate of investment in sustainability after about 12 months.

Originality/value
– While a significant work exists regarding supplier selection, little work has been found that investigates how to insure sustainable suppliers maintain their status for a long period of time.
Spatial overlap in a solitary carnivore: support for the land tenure, kinship or resource dispersion hypotheses?
Authors: Elbroch L. Mark , Lendrum Patrick E. , Quigley Howard , Caragiulo Anthony 
Published: September 2015

Summary

There are several alternative hypotheses about the effects of territoriality, kinship and prey availability on individual carnivore distributions within populations. The first is the land‐tenure hypothesis, which predicts that carnivores regulate their density through territoriality and temporal avoidance. The second is the kinship hypothesis, which predicts related individuals will be clumped within populations, and the third is the resource dispersion hypothesis, which suggests that resource richness may explain variable sociality, spatial overlap or temporary aggregations of conspecifics.

Research on the socio‐spatial organization of animals is essential in understanding territoriality, intra‐ and interspecific competition, and contact rates that influence diverse ecology, including disease transmission between conspecifics and courtship behaviours.

We explored these hypotheses with data collected on a solitary carnivore, the cougar (Puma concolor), from 2005 to 2012 in the Southern Yellowstone Ecosystem, Wyoming, USA. We employed 27 annual home ranges for 13 cougars to test whether home range overlap was better explained by land tenure, kinship, resource dispersion or some combination of the three.

We found support for both the land tenure and resource dispersion hypotheses, but not for kinship. Cougar sex was the primary driver explaining variation in home range overlap. Males overlapped significantly with females, whereas the remaining dyads (F–F, M–M) overlapped significantly less. In support for the resource dispersion hypothesis, hunting opportunity (the probability of a cougar killing prey in a given location) was often higher in overlapping than in non‐overlapping portions of cougar home ranges. In particular, winter hunt opportunity rather than summer hunt opportunity was higher in overlapping portions of female–female and male–female home ranges.

Our results may indicate that solitary carnivores are more tolerant of sharing key resources with unrelated conspecifics than previously believed, or at least during periods of high resource availability. Further, our results suggest that the resource dispersion hypothesis, which is typically applied to social species, is applicable in describing the spatial organization of solitary carnivores.
Nonparametric Bayes Modeling for Case Control Studies with Many Predictors
Authors: Zhou Jing , Herring Amy H. , Bhattacharya Anirban , Olshan Andrew F. , Dunson David B. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: September 2015

Summary
It is common in biomedical research to run case-control studies involving high-dimensional predictors, with the main goal being detection of the sparse subset of predictors having a significant association with disease. Usual analyses rely on independent screening, considering each predictor one at a time, or in some cases on logistic regression assuming no interactions. We propose a fundamentally different approach based on a nonparametric Bayesian low rank tensor factorization model for the retrospective likelihood. Our model allows a very flexible structure in characterizing the distribution of multivariate variables as unknown and without any linear assumptions as in logistic regression. Predictors are excluded only if they have no impact on disease risk, either directly or through interactions with other predictors. Hence, we obtain an omnibus approach for screening for important predictors. Computation relies on an efficient Gibbs sampler. The methods are shown to have high power and low false discovery rates in simulation studies, and we consider an application to an epidemiology study of birth defects.
A Two-Step Semiparametric Method to Accommodate Sampling Weights in Multiple Imputation
Authors: Zhou Hanzhi , Elliott Michael R. , Raghunathan Trviellore E. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryMultiple imputation (MI) is a well-established method to handle item-nonresponse in sample surveys. Survey data obtained from complex sampling designs often involve features that include unequal probability of selection. MI requires imputation to be congenial, that is, for the imputations to come from a Bayesian predictive distribution and for the observed and complete data estimator to equal the posterior mean given the observed or complete data, and similarly for the observed and complete variance estimator to equal the posterior variance given the observed or complete data; more colloquially, the analyst and imputer make similar modeling assumptions. Yet multiply imputed data sets from complex sample designs with unequal sampling weights are typically imputed under simple random sampling assumptions and then analyzed using methods that account for the sampling weights. This is a setting in which the analyst assumes more than the imputer, which can led to biased estimates and anti-conservative inference. Less commonly used alternatives such as including case weights as predictors in the imputation model typically require interaction terms for more complex estimators such as regression coefficients, and can be vulnerable to model misspecification and difficult to implement. We develop a simple two-step MI framework that accounts for sampling weights using a weighted finite population Bayesian bootstrap method to validly impute the whole population (including item nonresponse) from the observed data. In the second step, having generated posterior predictive distributions of the entire population, we use standard IID imputation to handle the item nonresponse. Simulation results show that the proposed method has good frequentist properties and is robust to model misspecification compared to alternative approaches. We apply the proposed method to accommodate missing data in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System when estimating means and parameters of regression models.