bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioarchaeological Patterns of Violence in North Patagonia (Argentina) during the late Holocene. Implications for the Study of Population Dynamics
Authors: Gordón Florencia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis work presents bioarchaeological patterns of interpersonal violence inferred for Northeastern Patagonia (Argentina) during the late Holocene. The main goal is to evaluate if there is a significant increase in the frequency of indicators of violence during the final late Holocene, prior to colonial times, in possible concordance with the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (ca. 1150–600 years BP). A sample of skulls (n = 797) was studied through a series of methodological steps that included the evaluation of their state of preservation and the study of potential injuries, taking into account the degree of ambiguity of the diagnosis. The sample was divided into three chronological groups: early (ca. 3500–2500 years BP), middle (ca. 2500–1500 years BP) and late (ca. 1500–400 years BP). The individuals were also separated according to sex, age category and geographical distribution. Although a temporal trend toward increased violence was detected, it was not statistically significant. There was also a higher percentage of positive cases in Northern individuals compared to the Southern ones, and between males compared to females, but neither case had statistically significant differences. Alternative mechanisms, such as population dispersals, exchange and use of buffer areas, that may have functioned to dispel social tensions, are proposed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H‐NMR Fingerprinting of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Flavonol Glycosides
Authors: Riihinen Kaisu R. , Mihaleva Velitchka V. , Gödecke Tanja , Soininen Pasi , Laatikainen Reino , Vervoort Jacques M. , Lankin David C. , Pauli Guido F. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe fruits of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L. are a valuable source of biologically active flavonoid derivatives. For studies focused on the purification of its quercetin glycosides (QGs) and related glycosides from plants and for the purpose of biological studies, the availability of numeric datasets from computer‐assisted 1H iterative full spin analysis (HiFSA), that is, 1H‐NMR fingerprinting, can replace and assist the repetitive and tedious two‐dimensional NMR identification protocol required for both known and new compounds, respectively.ObjectiveTo fully interpret the complex 1H‐NMR fingerprints of eight QGs obtained from the berries of V. vitis‐idaea and provide complete and unambiguous signal assignments.MethodsVaccinium vitis‐idaea QGs were purified in a single run by long‐bed gel permeation chromatography and identified by comparison with commercially available compounds using LC–MS combining ion‐trap and time‐of‐flight detection and one‐ or two‐dimensional NMR. The HiFSA analysis yielded full sets of 1H chemical shifts and proton–proton coupling constants, allowing for field‐independent spectral simulation.ResultsSignal assignments were achieved for the reference standards and the QGs that dominated in purified fractions. However, even mixtures of two to three QGs could be fitted using the HiFSA approach. In the case of the overlapped sugar resonances, the initial fitting of the 1H spectra of reference compounds, together with values extracted from the two‐dimensional NMR data and literature data, assisted in the process.ConclusionThe HiFSA method revealed for the first time the presence of Q‐3‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside and Q‐3‐O‐β‐glucuronopyranoside in the berries of V. vitis‐idaea, and unambiguously confirmed the structures of Q‐3‐O‐[4″‐(3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaroyl)]‐α‐rhamnopyranoside, Q‐3‐O‐α‐rhamnopyranoside, Q‐3‐O‐β‐galactopyranoside, Q‐3‐O‐α‐arabinofuranoside, Q‐3‐O‐β‐xylopyranoside and Q‐3‐O‐α‐arabinopyranoside. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating a Proactive Obsolescence Management System Framework through the Systems Engineering Continuum
Authors: Pobiak Todd G. , Mazzuchi Thomas A. , Sarkani Shahram 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWith commercial and military systems becoming more complex, using more sophisticated products, complex processes, and specialized people and having longer system life cycles, it is essential that organizations have a systematic approach to managing systems from an Obsolescence Management System perspective. This paper presents a new systems engineering architecture framework, House of Systems Engineering (HoSE), and shows how its constructs can be applied to support the building of a proactive Obsolescence Management System framework. We first provide a brief overview of the HoSE, including the systems engineering aspects and the systems architecture methodology used in the HoSE. Next, we discuss the 2‐dimensional Obsolescence Management System framework based on the HoSE. Finally, a case study is performed to justify the framework. The case study results suggest that the framework is beneficial in finding gaps in an Obsolescence Management Plan. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 17
Male circumcision – when is it justified?
Authors: Dinneen Eoin P. , Bunker Christopher B. , Dinneen Michael D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough the indications for male adult circumcision are less common and less contentious than those for infant circumcision, they are no less important. The authors provide an anatomical and functional overview of the prepuce, and review the common indications for adult circumcision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Lateral Lymph Node Dissection for Lower Rectal Cancer
Authors: Nakamura T. , Watanabe M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe mainstay of surgical therapy for rectal cancer is colectomy (including lesions) with lymph node dissection. The lymphatic spread of rectal cancer can proceed in two directions: medially toward the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery or laterally toward the pelvis aslong the internal iliac artery. To prevent postoperative recurrence, lymph nodes situated along these two axes should be adequately dissected, leaving no residual cancer cells. In Japan, the standard procedure for advanced lower rectal cancer is mesorectal excision and lateral lymph node dissection with autonomic nerve preservation. In Europe and North America, lateral lymph node dissection used to be performed, but it led to increased blood loss, complications, and dysfunction, with no improvement in survival. Lateral lymph node dissection is thus no longer performed. Instead, multidisciplinary therapy combining mesorectal excision with preoperative chemoradiotherapy is now the standard treatment for advanced rectal cancer. Although lateral lymph node dissection decreases the rate of local recurrence similar to preoperative chemoradiotherapy, whether it contributes to improved survival remains unclear. In addition, it is unlikely that prophylactic lateral lymph node dissection is required in all patients with rectal cancer. Definition of the indications for lateral lymph node dissection is thus an important concern.
Incidental Findings in Trauma Patients: Dedicated Communication with the Primary Care Physician Ensures Adequate Follow‐Up
Authors: Yeh D. Dante , Imam Ayesha M. , Truong Shani H. , McLaughlin Erin L. , Klein Eric N. , Avery Laura L. , Velmahos George C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundFrequent use of computed tomography (CT) in trauma patients results in frequent detection of non‐trauma‐related incidental findings (IFs). Inpatient documentation and disclosure at discharge are infrequent, even when they are potentially serious. We aimed to not only identify the incidence of IFs but also to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to trigger follow‐up.MethodsIn this before–after study, all trauma patients evaluated by the trauma surgery service who underwent CT were admitted for >24 h, had at least one IF requiring follow‐up, and had a primary care physician (PCP) employed in our health care system were identified. The historical control period was from January 2006 to December 2008. The intervention period was from December 2011 to September 2012. Intervention consisted of notifying the PCP via email or postal letter. The outcome of interest—the rate of follow‐up—was compared between both groups.ResultsDuring the historical period, 364 (20.5 %) of 1,774 eligible trauma patients had 434 IFs requiring follow‐up. During the study period, 197 (26 %) of 692 trauma patients had 212 IFs requiring follow‐up. Overall, 91 % of study patients with postdischarge PCP follow‐up had documented follow‐up of the IF. There was a significant improvement in the rate of follow‐up in the study group compared to that of the control group (51 vs. 11 %; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsDetection of IFs is common in trauma patients. A dedicated effort of communicating the presence of an IF to the patient’s PCP triggered a follow‐up for 91 % of patients who saw their PCP after hospital discharge.
Comparative performance of the stable isotope signatures of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in assessing early vigour and grain yield in durum wheat
Authors: BORT J. , BELHAJ M. , LATIRI K. , KEHEL Z. , ARAUS J. L. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe present paper studied the performance of the stable isotope signatures of carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and oxygen (δ18O) in plants when used to assess early vigour and grain yield (GY) in durum wheat growing under mild and moderate Mediterranean stress conditions. A collection of 114 recombinant inbred lines was grown under rainfed (RF) and supplementary irrigation (IR) conditions. Broad sense heritabilities (H2) for GY and harvest index (HI) were higher under RF conditions than under IR. Broad sense heritabilities forδ13C were always above 0·60, regardless of the plant part studied, with similar values for IR and RF trials. Some of the largest genetic correlations with GY were those shown by theδ13C content of the flag leaf blade and mature grains. Under both water treatments, mature grains showed the highest negative correlations betweenδ13C and GY across genotypes. Flag leafδ13C was negatively correlated with GY only under RF conditions. Theδ13C in seedlings was negatively correlated, under IR conditions only, with GY but also with early vigour. The sources of variation in early vigour were studied by stepwise analysis using the stable isotope signatures measured in seedlings. Theδ13C was able to explain almost 0·20 of this variation under RF, but up to 0·30 under IR. In addition, nitrogen concentration in seedlings accounted for another 0·05 of variation, increasing the amount explained to 0·35. The sources of variation in GY were also studied through stable isotope signatures and biomass of different plant parts:δ13C was always the first parameter to appear in the models for both water conditions, explainingc. 0·20 of the variation. The second parameter (δ15N or N concentration of grain, or biomass at maturity) depended on the water conditions and the plant tissue being analysed. Oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) was only able to explain a small amount of the variation in GY. In this regard, despite the known and previously described value ofδ13C as a tool in breeding,δ15N is confirmed as an additional tool in the present study. Oxygen isotope composition does not seem to offer any potential, at least under the conditions of the present study.
Love in dark times: Iris Murdoch on openness and the void
Authors: MILLIGAN TONY 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAfter situating Iris Murdoch's promotion of openness to love within a broadly Platonic ethic, I outline a familiar suspicion about such openness in the context of grief, where the finding of a new and intimate love may seem inappropriate. By drawing upon her treatment of spiritual crisis and grief as parallel instances of the void, I respond to this suspicion by arguing that love in the context of spiritual crisis offers a way to resist the dangers of the void and that similar considerations apply in the parallel case (grief). If we accept Murdoch's overall position we will then lack justification for rejecting love as a morally defensible pathway out of grief.
Are naturalism and moral realism incompatible?
Authors: PEELS RIK 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn a recent paper, Alvin Plantinga has argued that there is good reason to think that naturalism and moral realism are incompatible. He has done so by arguing that the most important argument for the compatibility of these two theses, which has been provided by Frank Jackson, fails and that any other argument that serves the same purpose is likely to fail for the same reason. His argument against the compatibility of naturalism and moral realism, then, isindirect: he argues against it by refuting the most important argument for it. In this article, I argue that Plantinga's argument is unconvincing for at least two reasons. First, Jackson's argument can be revised in such a way that it meets Plantinga's worry. Second, there is another way of arguing for the compatibility of two propositions which Plantinga does not consider. If the naturalist takes this alternative route, she does not face the problem identified by Plantinga. I thus show not only that Plantinga's argument does not count against the compatibility of naturalism and moral realism, but that there is even good reason to think that naturalism and moral realism are in fact compatible.
Moving from Ambivalence to Certainty: Older Same-Sex Couples Marry in Canada
Authors: Humble Áine M. 
Published: May 2013

RÉSUMÉUne étude qualitative, dans la perspective du parcours de vie, a exploré la transition vers le mariage pour les couples de même sexe au milieu ou plus tard dans la vie. Vingt personnes (soit 11 couples) ont été intérrogées – 12 lesbiennes, sept hommes gais, et une homme bisexuel. Au moment de leurs mariages, les participants avaient de 42 à 72 ans (âge moyen: 54), et avaient vécu avec leurs partenaires entre six mois à 19 ans (moyen: 7,5 ans). Trois thèmes soulignent la manière dont les expériences de ces couples de même sexe, en décidant de se marier, ont été influencés par les expériences dans leurs parcours de vie. Premièrement,l’intégration: les individus ont dû integrer le mariage dans leur psychisme. Deuxièmement,la justification: ils ont dû demander pourquoi ils se marient avec leurs partenaires spécifiques. Le troisième thème étaitla déliberation: les participants à l’étude ont demontré comment leurs expériences de planification de mariage et les caractéristiques de leurs noces etaient impregnées à la suite de leurs expériences conscientes de vie en ce qui concerne l’homophobie et/ou l’hétérosexisme.
Overview of seismic research activities in the Southern Ocean - quantifying the environmental impact
Authors: Breitzke Monika 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the regional and seasonal distribution of seismic research surveys in the Southern Ocean is essential for assessing their acoustic impact on the marine environment. An analysis of the navigation data and cruise table in the Seismic Data Library System for Cooperative Research (SDLS) shows that a fairly extensive network of seismic lines is now available for the Southern Ocean. However, line spacing ranges from tens to hundreds of kilometres, and some almost unsurveyed areas still exist. The seasonal distribution of the seismic profile lengths shows periods with increased survey activity between 1976/77 and 2001/02, but only moderate levels of activity between 2002/03 and 2010/11. The corresponding line spacing is large, and lines are widely distributed over the Southern Ocean. None of the eight Antarctic regions considered here have experienced seismic survey activity during all summer seasons in the last 35 years. Instead, periods with survey activity are interspersed by periods with no survey activity. The average survey length ranges from ∼2600 km per season off the Antarctic Peninsula to ∼260 km per season off Enderby Land. Compared to the industrial seismic exploration off Norway the acoustic impact of the seismic research activity in the Southern Ocean is at least ∼150 times lower.
Performance of Older Japanese American Adults on Selected Cognitive Instruments
Authors: Kemmotsu Nobuko , Enobi Yurika , Murphy Claire 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study examined cognitive test performance of second- and third-generation Japanese American (JA) adults, a relatively homogeneous Asian American subgroup. Sixty-five JA and 65 non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults, ages between 45 and 91, were administered the Boston Naming Test-2 (BNT), Letter Fluency Test, Semantic Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), and Trail Making Test. Levels of acculturation, quality of educational attainment, and generation status in the United States, were also collected. There were no significant differences in the scores between the two groups on the tests administered. JA and NHW groups, however, differed in the patterns of the associations between some of the test performance and demographic variables. JA adults showed a stronger age-score relationship on BNT, CVLT, and the BVMT-R. Furthermore, second-generation JA adults performed lower than the third-generation adults even after controlling for basic demographic variables on CVLT and Trail Making Test. Acculturation on the other hand did not explain score differences once demographic variables were considered. Our results suggest the importance of considering unique history and characteristics of ethnic groups, and interactions of the aging process and culture on tasks with different cognitive demands. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–9)
Report of the Investment Products for Retirement Savings Working Party: “Is there a place in the UK Defined Contribution pensions market for a guaranteed savings product?” ‐ Abstract of the London discussion
Authors: Eason Scott 
Published: May 2013

This abstract relates to the following paper:EasonS., BarkerP., ForoughiG., HarsantJ., HunterD., JarvisS., JonesG., KnavaV., MurphyP., MurrayK., MuthulingamJ., OdoziN., PageT., WashomaK. & WebbA.Is there a place in the UK Defined Contribution pensions market for a guaranteed savings product?British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S135732171300024X
Prevention of overweight in children younger than 2 years old: a pilot cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Verbestel Vera , De Coen Valerie , Van Winckel Myriam , Huybrechts Inge , Maes Lea , De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 1-year family-based healthy lifestyle intervention implemented through day-care centres on toddlers’ BMIZ-scores and reported activity- and dietary-related behaviours.DesignPilot cluster-randomized controlled trial.SettingSeventy child-care centres in three different intervention communities and three paired-matched control communities in Flanders, Belgium.SubjectsA sample of 203 Belgian toddlers aged 9–24 months was included in the study. Objectively assessed weight and height were used to calculate BMIZ-scores. A parental-report questionnaire was used to assess children's lifestyle behaviours.ResultsPositive intervention effects were found on BMIZ-score. No intervention effects were found for activity- and dietary-related behaviours targeted by the intervention. In both intervention and control groups, daily consumption of water, soft drinks, sweets and savoury snacks increased while daily consumption of fruit and vegetables decreased over 1 year. Daily physical activity remained stable but screen-time behaviour increased in both groups over time.ConclusionsThe study showed that a family-based healthy lifestyle intervention implemented through day-care centres can lead to healthier weight outcomes in toddlers. In both groups, an unhealthier lifestyle pattern was observed over 1 year which underlines the importance of the early childhood period as the focus of future behavioural interventions.
The role of histone deacetylases in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: Hawtree Sarah , Muthana Munitta , Wilson Anthony G. 
Published: May 2013

RA (rheumatoid arthritis) is an inflammatory disease of synovial joints affecting approximately 1% of the population. One of the main cell types involved in damage to RA joint tissue is the FLSs (fibroblast-like synoviocytes). These have a semi-transformed, auto-aggressive phenotype typified by loss of contact inhibition, reduced apoptosis and the production of matrix-degrading enzymes. The mechanisms involved in the development of this phenotype are unclear; however, increasing evidence implicates alterations in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Reduced acetylation of amino acids in the tails of histone proteins is an epigenetic mark associated with transcriptional repression and is controlled by the HDAC (histone deacetylase) enzyme family. To date, evidence has implicated HDACs in the auto-aggressive phenotype of FLSs, and administration of HDAC inhibitors to both animal models of RA and individuals with juvenile arthritis has shown efficacy in attenuating inflammation and tissue damage. This highlights a role for HDACs in disease pathogenesis and, more importantly, that HDACs are potential novel therapeutic targets.
Remaking the Rhythms of Life
Authors: Zimmer Oliver 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Across Europe, the late nineteenth century marked a period of rapid economic growth, increased migration, cultural and technical innovation, religious conflict, and inter-state competition. In Germany, these developments were further accentuated by the creation of the imperial state in 1870/71 and the conflicting hopes and expectations it provoked within the larger public. Attempting to make sense of this turbulent period of German history, historians have frequently reverted to terms such as industrialization, urbanization, nation-formation, modernity, or modernization. Using the prism of comparative urban history, this book highlights the limitations of these conceptual abstractions and reveals the artificiality of the separation of local and national approaches to the past. It shows how men and women drew on their creative energies to instigate change at various levels. Focusing on conflicts over the local economy, elementary schools, the theatre and citizenship, and looking at nationalist and religious processions, Remaking the Rhythms of Life examines how urban residents sought to regain a sense of place in a changing world: less by resisting the novel than by reconfiguring their environments in ways that reflected their sensibilities and aspirations; less by lamenting the decline of civic virtues than by creating surroundings that proved sufficiently meaningful to sustain lives. In their capacity as consumers or citizens, members of religious or economic associations, people embarked on a multitude of journeys. As they did, larger themes such as religion, nationalism and the state became intertwined with everyday affairs and concerns.
Emotional communication in monkeys: Music to their ears?
Authors: Snowdon Charles T. , Teie David 
Published: May 2013

AbstractResults are equivocal on whether nonhuman animals can appreciate music. Although human music is unique to humans, we argue that the emotional components of music have an evolutionary history. We present a theory of emotional origins of music and show that music/emotional features are found in vocalizations of cotton-top tamarins, a small New World monkey. We composed music comprising our hypothesized emotional features in the frequency range and tempos of tamarin vocalizations. These compositions induced calming and arousing emotional states in the monkeys, although human-based music with similar features had little effect. Other species may incorporate similar emotional features into their calls as we use to induce emotions in music Animal calls not only communicate a caller’s emotional state but may also induce emotional responses in listeners. Attempts to play human-based music to other species as enrichment are likely to be misguided, with human-based music being irritating or merely ineffective.