bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental knowledge, attitude, and practice on self-medication of antibiotics for children in Bandung, Indonesia: A questionnaire-based survey and module-based learning intervention
Authors: Pitaloka Dian Ayu Eka , Insyirah Ariani , Oktariani Anisa Nabilah , Mardhiyyah Cut Ainul , Alfarafisa Nayla Majeda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Parents' role as primary decision-makers in medication administration is essential to ensuring proper antibiotic use. Despite its significance, only a few studies have delved into parental perspectives. Therefore, this study used a questionnaire-based survey and a module-based learning intervention to assess Indonesian parental knowledge, attitude, and practice related to antibiotic use in pediatric care.
Methods
Parents of children aged 0–11 attending postnatal healthcare centers in Arcamanik District, Bandung, Indonesia, participated in this study using a validated questionnaire. Additionally, we developed and implemented an education module using an on-site learning approach to assist parents in managing their children's use of antibiotics. We also conducted pre- and post-tests to evaluate the improvement in knowledge.
Results
The results showed that based on the questionnaire-based survey, about half of parents believed antibiotics were necessary for children's illness (50%), and 64.5% considered their use essential when other treatments failed. Based on their previous symptoms, approximately 17.7% of parents misused antibiotics as stand-alone treatments. A significant 94.5% expressed the need for comprehensive information from healthcare providers regarding prudent use. The significant mean difference (45.7912.33; P = 0.00) between pre- and post-test analyses showed improvement in parental knowledge following the intervention.
Conclusions
This study underscored a concerning lack of understanding among parents, leading to self-medication practices in Indonesia. Using the developed module, the educational intervention effectively increased parental awareness. This suggested the potential for tailored interventions to rectify misconceptions and promote responsible antibiotic use in pediatric care.
Overexpression of Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein-1 in a Case of Cyanotic Nephropathy
Authors: Ushio Yusuke , Hirata So , Manabe Shun , Suyama Mayuko , Tanaka Ayano , Seki Momoko , Kato Haruka , Nomura Kana , Nakai Anna , Sumori Hitoko , Kawaguchi Yuki , Kobayashi Shizuka , Makabe Shiho , Kataoka Hiroshi , Itoh Naoko , Taneda Sekiko , Honda Kazuho , Hoshino Junichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cyanotic nephropathy (CN) is a known complication of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD). However, many aspects of its pathophysiology remain unclear.
Case presentation
We report the case of a 29-year-old male with a history of tetralogy of Fallot. Renal biopsy revealed glomerular hypertrophy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Electron microscopy revealed extensive endothelial cell damage. For investigate the etiology of endothelial cell damage, PAL-E staining was conducted, revealing staining along the glomerular capillary wall.
Conclusion
This is the first report of PAL-E staining in CN, suggesting potential overexpression of PV-1. Previous studies have linked PV-1 expression to endothelial cell damage, implicating it in the pathogenesis of CN.
Efficacy and safety of Pemafibrate administration in patients with dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Authors: Elbahloul Mohammed A. , Elgadi Ammar , Fayed Hossam , Ramadan Mohamed , Kasser Mohamed E. , Hussein Ahmed , Labieb Fatma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:Patients with dyslipidemia are at risk for cardiovascular diseases. Lowering levels of lipid decreases morbidity. Pemafibrate is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α modulator (SPPARMα) that works better at lowering serum triglycerides.
Methods: Clinical trials investigating the effect of pemafibrate on lipid biomarkers in patients with dyslipidemia were searched in PubMed, Ovid Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), and the Cochrane Library from inception till December 31, 2023. The data were pooled as mean difference, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: 14 clinical trials were eligible involving 12451 patients showed favorable triglyceride level change (MD: -49.60 [-62.64, -36.55] P<0.00001) for pemafibrate compared to placebo. Pemafibrate showed a significant increase in HDL-C levels (MD: 14.57 [10.14, 19.01] P<0.00001) but showed a concurrent increase in LDL-C levels (MD: 10.99 [6.10, 15.88] P <0.00001). It also showed non-HDL-C, total cholesterol level, Apo B, Apo C-II, and Apo C-III to be significantly reduced in pemafibrate groups. Also, in pemafibrate groups, hepatic adverse events were reported less frequently than in placebo groups. No significant difference was found in the frequency of total adverse effects, adverse drug reactions, or serious adverse events between the pemafibrate and placebo groups.
Conclusion:Pemafibrate improved the overall lipid biomarkers compared to placebo groups, demonstrating a significant reduction in triglycerides, non-HDL-C, and total cholesterol while increasing in HDL-C. Moreover, there was no significant difference in adverse effects.
Metabolic adaptations of Escherichia coli to extended zinc exposure: Insights into tricarboxylic acid cycle and trehalose synthesis
Authors: Rihacek Martin , Kosaristanova Ludmila , Fialova Tatiana , Rypar Tomas , Sterbova Dagmar Skopalova , Adam Vojtech , Zurek Ludek , Cihalova Kristyna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Balanced bacterial metabolism is essential for cell homeostasis and growth and can be impacted by various stress factors. In this study, we investigated the impact of extended exposure of Escherichia coli to zinc oxide (ZnO40) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs40) on the major metabolic pathways of E. coli with the aim to simulate long-term stress conditions. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses along with quantification of intermediates of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) were employed to monitor and study the bacterial responses. Multi-omics analysis revealed that extended zinc exposure induced mainly oxidative stress and elevated expression/production of enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, especially enzymes for synthesis of trehalose. After the zinc withdrawal, E. coli metabolism returned to a baseline state. These findings shed light on the alteration of TCA and on importance of trehalose synthesis in metal-induced stress and its broader implications for bacterial metabolism and defense.
Types and hospital manifestation of the risk-treatment paradox in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome: the Regional Vascular Centre experience
Authors: Nesova Anastasiia K. , Vorobeva Darya A. , Ryabov Vyacheslav V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background. There is reason to believe that unfavourable outcomes of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is due to the «risk-treatment» paradox (RTP). However, the true prevalence, types and causes of RTP have not been studied, and data from previous studies have shown an equivocal effect of RTP on outcomes of NSTE-ACS. Methods. The retrospective analysis included 600 patients with an initial diagnosis of NSTE-ACS. All patients were re-stratified into four groups according to their risk of adverse ischaemic events on admission to hospital. RTP was defined as situations where the risk did not match the recommended timing of invasive treatment strategy. Results. RTP identified in 321 cases (53.5%), was most characteristic of the intermediate risk (74%), and was least common in high-risk patients (28.5%). In a generalised comparison across all risk categories, no effect of RTP was found on hospital outcomes, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse cardiovascular events during hospital follow-up. After adjusting for RTP in each risk group, only the high-risk group showed increase in adverse outcomes in the presence of RTP (5.4% mortality vs. 2.9% (OR 1. 9 (95% CI 0.5–8.9), p = 0.037) and a negative effect of RTP on the risk of recurrent myocardial ischaemia (RMI) after 24 hours (7.1% vs. 0.7%, OR 10.7 (95% CI 1.2–97.9), p = 0.01). Conclusions. RTP in relation to the timing of invasive treatment is common in patients with NSTE-ACS (53.5%). For high-risk patients, RTP worsened in-hospital outcome and influenced the risk of RMI after 24 hours. Clinical Trial Number This research is a retrospective observational study, which does not require mandatory registration as defined by the ICMJE.
Energy generation drives gut colonization by Bilophila wadsworthia
Authors: Sayavedra Lizbeth , Yasir Muhammad , Goldson Andrew , Brion Arlaine , Gall Gwen Le , Moreno-Gonzalez Mar , Altera Annalisa , Paxhia Michael D , Warren Martin , Turner Arthur , Beraza Naiara , Narbad Arjan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

High-fat diets alter the gut microbiota composition and stimulate proliferation of the sulfidogenic bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia (Bw). Proliferation of B. wadsworthia is linked to gut inflammation, dysfunction of the intestinal barrier and bile acid metabolism but the genetic basis for its colonization of the gut remains largely unknown.
In this study, we identified genes that facilitate gut colonization by B. wadsworthia under a high-fat diet, either with or without a simplified humanized microbial consortium (SIHUMI), by using a combination of ‘omics’ approaches, including genome-wide transposon mutagenesis, metatranscriptomics and untargeted metabolomics. Comparisons between mutants present in culture and mutants in the gut revealed 32 genes essential for gut colonization. These included two gene clusters related to bacterial microcompartment (BMC) formation and function, and a NADH dehydrogenase (hdrABC-flxABCD) important for energy metabolism in anaerobes. BMCs allow B. wadsworthia to metabolise the organosulfonate compounds taurine and isethionate (abundant in the mammalian gut) releasing H2S, acetate and possibly ethanol. Although the H2S concentration and B. wadsworthia abundance were at their highest in the absence of the SIHUMI, detrimental impacts on the host were exacerbated in the presence of the SIHUMI, based on gut permeability, the abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a, IFN-G) and increased infiltration of macrophages in the liver. More genes were required by B. wadsworthia for gut colonization when they were grown with the SIHUMI consortia compared with growth in monoculture; the same was true for their ability to synthesise nucleotides and histidine. This suggests that microbial community composition plays a key role in modulation of the activity of this pathobiont.
A genetic study of immunity in depression and interactions with childhood maltreatment
Authors: Herrera-Rivero Marisol , McCartney Daniel , Whalley Heather , Berger Klaus , McIntosh Andrew , Baune Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to depression. Among the latter, early life adversity and immune dysregulation have been consistently linked with depression. Childhood maltreatment (CM) is believed to induce immune dysregulation later in life. However, it is not known how CM might interact with genetic immune factors to contribute to the occurrence of depression. We investigated how genetic variability in 2,370 genes from 20 immune pathways associates with lifetime depression at gene- and pathway-level, and how this variability interacts with CM. The depression analysis was carried out in 13,309 individuals (1,867 cases) from the Generation Scotland (GS) Study. The CM interaction analysis was carried out in a subset of 749 individuals (99 cases) from GS and an independent sample of 509 individuals (96 cases) from the German BiDirect (BD) Study for which both genetic and CM data was available. Interactions with different types of CM were tested using the subscales of the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ). These results were meta-analyzed to obtain general gene-CM interactions. We found association of the GHR gene (false discovery rate –FDR– =0.03, z = 4.2) and Reactome “RUNX1-regulated transcription of genes involved in myeloid cell differentiation pathway” (FDR = 0.016, beta = 1.2) with depression in GS. After meta-analysis, 56 immune gene-CM interactions were associated with depression (FDR < 0.05) in both GS and BD. These exert functions in hematopoiesis, pathogen recognition and stress responses, among others. Network analysis suggested macrophages as main expressing cell types. Our results underscore the involvement of hematopoietic alterations and immune gene-CM interactions in the development of depression.
Shear wave elastography for upper limb muscle stiffness assessment in patients with rigidity-dominant Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Dihui , Meng Lingcui , Jiang Yanhui , Wu Xiaoxi , Cheng Fenghua , Liu Jia , Li Minying , Fu Wenbin , Zhou Peng , Zhang Jianxing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Myotonia is the central clinical symptom of Parkinson's disease(PD), and myotonic conditions can be used to assess the severity of PD.Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the stiffness of limb muscles using ultrasound shear-wave elastography (SWE), and the validity of this method in assessing myotonia in PD.
Methods
From April 2019 to January 2020, SWE of the longitudinal biceps brachii and brachioradialis was performed on 60 PD patients and 30 healthy controls. The stiffness of the limb muscles, as measured by quantitative Young's modulus (YM), was compared between the remarkably symptomatic and mildly symptomatic sides of PD, as well as between PD patients and controls. The correlation between YM of the biceps brachii and brachioradialis with age, duration, and motion scores assessed by the unified PD Rating scale (UPDRS) part III was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. The reliability of SWE was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).
Results
(1) YM of the long axis of the biceps brachii and brachioradialis in PD patients were higher than in the control group (P<0.05), and were higher on the remarkably symptomatic side than on the mildly symptomatic side (P<0.05). The ICC for interobserver and intraobserver variations in measuring YM were 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.54–0.96) and 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.70–0.98), respectively, for biceps brachii and 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.47–0.96) and 0.91(95% confidence interval 0.64–0.98), respectively, for brachioradialis. (2) A positive linear correlation was found between YM of longitudinal biceps brachii and brachioradialis on the remarkably symptomatic side in PD patients with the motion scores (r=0.462, P<0.001; r༝0.356, P<0.05), but no significant correlation was found between YM with age and duration in PD patients (P>0.05).
Conclusions
SWE can be used as a quantitative assessment of muscle stiffness in patients with PD.
Efficacy of Simulator-Based Direct Ophthalmoscopy Training using New Refractive Adjustment Fundoscopic Examination Simulator for Medical Students – ICEye Model: A Comparative Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Chokchaitanasin Ratima , Vongkulsiri Sritatath , Choontanom Raveewan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The use of simulators for ophthalmology training is growing globally. However, all developed simulators have certain limits based on different circumstances. The study aims to assess
the efficacy and satisfaction of the new refractive adjustment simulator "ICEyeModel" compared to a traditional simulator for direct ophthalmoscopy training in medical students.
Methods: This is a comparative, randomized cross-over study. Our study enrolled fifty participants from a 6-year medical student training program at Phramongkutklao Hospital. They required a refreshment lecture on primary direct ophthalmoscopy usage and a short course on common retinal disease review. They were randomized into two training sequence groups: Training sequence 1 started with a traditional film photograph simulator followed by the ICEyeModel. Training sequence 2 started with the ICEyeModel, followed by a traditional simulator. Both groups were asked to complete a fundoscopic description test and satisfaction questionnaires.
Results: Medical students training with the ICEye Model achieved significantly higher fundoscopic examination scores (14.42±2.34) compared to those training with traditional simulators (11.30±6.43), with p<0.001. For the ICEyeModel, 86% of participants can correctly adjust the direct ophthalmoscope power match to the refractive state from the trial lens placed in the simulator. ICEyeModel has a higher satisfaction score regarding picture quality, enhancing motivation and confidence than a traditional simulator.
Conclusion: The ICEye Model is the first combination of fundoscopic examination training and refraction practicing simulators that significantly improves fundoscopic examination skills and increases medical students' motivation and confidence in practicing direct ophthalmoscopy. In the future, it can be used to practice with indirect ophthalmoscopes and retinoscopes.
Survival Benefits of Asymptomatic Primary Tumor Resection After Bevacizumab Plus FOLFIRI as First-Line Therapy for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous Unresectable Metastasis
Authors: Chen Yen-Cheng , Chang Tsung-Kun , Su Wei-Chih , Yeh Yung-Sung , Chen Po-Jung , Huang Peng-Jen , Yang Po-Hsiang , Tsai Hsiang-Lin , Wang Jaw-Yuan , Huang Ching-Wen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) poses a clinical challenge and requires a combination of systemic therapy and conversion surgery. Although first-line chemotherapy and targeted therapy are considered the standard treatments for mCRC, the role of primary tumor resection (PTR) in asymptomatic synchronous mCRC with unresectable metastatic lesion after initial therapy remains relatively underexplored.
Materials
A retrospective review was conducted from January 2015 to January 2021, involving 74 patients with synchronous mCRC who received bevacizumab plus FOFIRI as first-line systemic therapy. All 74 patients had unresectable metastatic lesions confirmed through multidisciplinary team discussion. Patient characteristics, PTR data, and radiotherapy (RT) and overall survival (OS) outcomes were analyzed. The patients were categorized into a “PTR” group and a “No PTR” group and then further stratified into “4A,” “4B,” and “4C” subgroups based on the initial mCRC stage. Additionally, four subgroups—namely “PTR(+)/RT(+),” “PTR(+)/RT(−),” “PTR(−)/RT(+),” and “PTR(−)/RT(−)”—were formed to assess the combined effects of PTR and RT.
Results
The median OS for all the patients was 23.8 months (20.5–27.1 months). The “PTR” group exhibited a significantly higher median OS of 25.9 months (21.3–30.5 months) compared with 21.4 months (15.8–27.1 months) in the “No PTR” group (p = 0.048). Subgroup analyses revealed a trend of improved survival with PTR in patients with stage IVA and IVB; however, the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.116 and 0.493, respectively). A subgroup analysis of PTR and RT combinations revealed no significant difference in median OS rates.
Conclusion
For asymptomatic mCRC with synchronous unresectable distant metastasis, PTR following first-line therapy with bevacizumab plus FOLFIRI can provide a survival benefit, particularly in stage IVA/IVB patients compared with stage IVC patients. Additionally, RT for primary tumor did not provide an additional OS benefit in mCRC with unresectable metastasis. A prospective randomized trial with a larger sample size is essential to further elucidate the role of PTR in this context.
A worldwide assessment of the mechanical ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Analysis of the VENTILAGROUP over time. A retrospective, multicenter study.
Authors: Peñuelas Oscar , Campo-Albendea Laura del , Morales-Quinteros Luis , Muriel Alfonso , Nin Nicolás , Thille Arnaud , Du Bin , Pinheiro Bruno , Ríos Fernando , Marín María Carmen , Maggiore Salvatore , Raymondos Konstantinos , González Marco , Bersten Andrew , Amin Pravin , Cakar Nahit , Suh Gee Young , Abroug Fekri , Jibaja Manuel , Matamis Dimitros , Zeggwagh Amine Ali , Sutherasan Yuda , Artigas Antonio , Anzueto Antonio , Esteban Andrés , Frutos-Vivar Fernando , Sorbo Lorenzo Del 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The trend overtime and across different geographical areas of outcomes and management with noninvasive ventilation or invasive mechanical ventilation in patients admitted for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and treated with ventilatory support is unknown. The purpose of this study was to describe outcomes and identify variables associated with survival for patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [aeCOPD] that received noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation worldwide.
Methods: Retrospective, multi-national and multicenter study, including four observational cohort studies carried out in 1998, 2004, 2010, 2016 for the VENTILAGROUP following the same methodology.
Reesults: A total of 1,848 patients from 1,253 ICU in 38 countries admitted for aeCOPD and need of ventilatory support were identified in the four study cohorts and included in the study. The overall incidence of aeCOPD as cause for ventiltory support at ICU admission significantly decreased over time and varied widely according to the gross national income. The mortality of patients admitted to ICU for aeCOPD and ventilatory support significantly decreased over time regardless of the geographical area and gross national income; however, there is a remarkable variability in ICU mortality according to geographical area and gross national income. The use of NPPV as first attempt of ventilatory support has significantly increased over time, with a parallel reduction of invasive mechanical ventilation regardless of gross national income.
Conclusions: in this worldwide observational study including four different sequential cohorts of patients over a time span of 18 years from 1998 to 2016, the mortality of patients admitted to ICU for aeCOPD and ventilatory support significantly decreased regardless of the geographical area and gross national income. Future research will need to investigate reason for the remarkable variability in ICU mortality according to geographical area, gross national income and methods to select patients for the appropriate ventilatory support.
Graphene-Infused Terracotta Acoustic Sound Amplifiers
Authors: TR Rajalekshmi , Pavithran Shilpa , Das Rinku Rani , James Alex 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This work introduces a novel approach for enhancing mobile audio performance by incorporating graphene-infused terracotta as an acoustic amplifier. Leveraging the high thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of graphene, this study demonstrates the design, fabrication, and acoustic characterization of terracotta amplifiers. We demonstrate the significant impact of graphene-infused terracotta amplifiers on improving sound amplification in addition to mechanical strength. A graphene-based dispersion is prepared for incorporation in clay to make the amplifier. Testing is carried out on normal and graphene-dispersion-incorporated terracotta amplifiers. The experimental results illustrate a substantial improvement in audio quality with increased volume compared to conventional terracotta-based mobile speakers. The frequency-dependent variation of the output signal, SNR, and the influence of submerging in water have also been studied. This work contributes to the field of acoustic materials and offers new possibilities for augmenting the auditory experience of mobile device users while also presenting sustainable and aesthetically appealing acoustic accessories.