bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duodenitis associated with ulcerative colitis and pouchitis after total colectomy successfully treated with upadacitinib: A case report
Authors: Kojima Kentaro , Takada Jun , Otani Kiichi , Masuda Naoya , Tezuka Yukari , Onishi Sachiyo , Kubota Masaya , Ibuka Takashi , Shimizu Masahito 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA 27‐year‐old man had ulcerative colitis (UC) 1 year prior and underwent a colectomy and two‐stage ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis for medically refractory UC 6 months ago. He visited our department with epigastric pain and discomfort, increased stool frequency, and bloody diarrhea. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed continuous diffuse friable mucosa, erosions, and edema in the duodenum, and pouchoscopy revealed multiple ulcers and purulent mucus adhesions. Based on endoscopic and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed with duodenitis associated with UC and pouchitis, for which he received oral prednisolone (40 mg/day) and ciprofloxacin. The frequency of stools and occurrence of bloody diarrhea reduced, and epigastric pain and discomfort improved after 2 weeks. However, when prednisolone was discontinued, the symptoms worsened, albumin level decreased, and C‐reactive protein level increased. Following this, we administered a 20 mg prednisolone sodium phosphate enema once daily, and the patient's symptoms improved. However, the symptoms relapsed when the enema was discontinued. Assuming that the patient had steroid‐dependent duodenitis associated with UC and pouchitis, we initiated upadacitinib. His symptoms improved within a few days, and biomarkers returned to normal after 1 month. Nine months after initiating the upadacitinib treatment, endoscopic remission was achieved in the mucosa of the duodenum and pouch. The patient has been in clinical remission for 1 year without any adverse events.
Bubble blasts! An adaptation for buoyancy regulation in shallow foraging gray whales
Authors: Bird Clara N. , Pirotta Enrico , New Leslie , Bierlich K. C. , Hildebrand Lisa , Fernandez Ajó Alejandro , Torres Leigh G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractForaging efficiency is key to animal fitness. Consequently, animals evolved a variety of kinematic, morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations for efficient locomotion to reduce energy expenditure while moving to find, capture, and consume prey. Often suited to specific habitat and prey types, these adaptations correspond to the terrain or substrate the animal moves through. In aquatic systems, adaptations focus on overcoming drag, buoyancy, and hydrostatic forces. Buoyancy both benefits and hinders diving animals; in particular, shallow divers constantly contend with the costs of overcoming buoyancy to dive and maintain position. Pacific Coast Feeding Group (PCFG) gray whales forage in shallow habitats where they work against buoyancy to dive and feed using various foraging tactics. Bubble blasts (underwater exhalations) have been observed during several foraging tactics performed by PCFG whales. As exhalations aid buoyancy regulation in other diving animals, we hypothesize that bubble blasts are performed by longer, more buoyant whales in shallower water and that bubble blasts increase dive duration while accounting for size and tactic. We test our hypotheses using Bayesian linear mixed effects models and a 7‐year dataset of drone footage containing concurrent individual morphological and behavioral data. We find that while headstanding – a stationary, head‐down tactic – bubble blasts are performed by longer, more buoyant whales and extend the dive duration, whereas whales using forward‐swimming tactics are less likely to bubble blast. Our results suggest that PCFG gray whales may use bubble blasts as a behavioral adaption to mitigate the cost of energetically expensive tactics in their shallow habitat foraging niche.
Species distribution models predict genetic isolation of Hetaerina vulnerata Hagen in Selys, 1853 (Odonata, Calopterygidae)
Authors: Biddy Austin R. , Manthey Joseph D. , Ware Jessica L. , McIntyre Nancy E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how past and current environmental conditions shape the demographic and genetic distributions of organisms facilitates our predictions of how future environmental patterns may affect populations. The Canyon Rubyspot damselfly (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hetaerina vulnerata) is an insect with a range distribution from Colombia to the arid southwestern United States, where it inhabits shaded mountain streams in the arid southwestern United States. Past spatial fragmentation of habitat and limited dispersal capacity of H. vulnerata may cause population isolation and genetic differentiation, and projected climate change may exacerbate isolation by further restricting the species' distribution. We constructed species distribution models (SDMs) based on occurrences of H. vulnerata and environmental variables characterizing the species' niche. We inferred seven current potential population clusters isolated by unsuitable habitat. Paleoclimate models indicated habitat contiguity in past conditions; projected models indicated some habitat fragmentation in future scenarios. Seventy‐eight H. vulnerata individuals from six of the current clusters were sequenced via ddRADseq and processed with Stacks. Principal components and phylogeographic analyses resolved three subpopulations; Structure resolved four subpopulations. FST values were low (<0.05) for nearby populations and >0.15 for populations separated by expanses of unsuitable habitat. Isolation by distance was an existing but weak factor in determining genomic structure; isolation by environment and the intervening landscape explained a significant proportion of genetic distance. Hetaerina vulnerata populations were shown to be isolated by a lack of tree canopy coverage, an important habitat predictor for oviposition and territoriality. Thus, H. vulnerata populations are likely separated and are genetically isolated. Integrating SDMs with landscape genetics allowed us to identify populations separated by distance and unsuitable habitat, explaining population genetic patterns and probable fates for populations under future climate scenarios.
Disease progression in chronic heart failure is linear: Insights from multistate modelling
Authors: Kazmi Syed , Kambhampati Chandrasekhar , Rigby Alan S. , Cleland John G.F. , Kazmi Khurram S. , Cuthbert Joe , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsUnderstanding the pattern of disease progression in chronic heart failure (HF) may inform patient care and healthcare system design. We used a four‐state Markov model to describe the disease trajectory of patients with HF.Methods and resultsConsecutive patients (n = 4918) were enrolled (median age 75 [67–81] years, 61.3% men, 44% with HF and reduced ejection fraction). We generated a model by observing events during the first 2 years of follow‐up. The model yielded surprisingly accurate predictions of how a population with HF will behave during subsequent years. As examples, the predicted transition probability from hospitalization to death was 0.11; the observed probabilities were 0.13, 0.14, and 0.16 at 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. Similarly, the predicted transition intensity for rehospitalization was 0.35; the observed probabilities were 0.38, 0.34, and 0.35 at 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively. A multivariable model including covariates thought to influence outcome did not improve accuracy. Predicted average life expectancy was approximately 10 years for the unadjusted model and 13 years for the multivariable model, consistent with the observed mortality of 41% at 5 years.ConclusionsA multistate Markov chain model for patients with chronic HF suggests that the proportion of patients transitioning each year from a given state to another remains constant. This finding suggests that the course of HF at a population level is more linear than is commonly supposed and predictable based on current patient status.
Ventilation strategies in cardiogenic shock: Insights from the AltShock‐2 registry
Authors: Sacco Alice , Montisci Andrea , Tavecchia Giovanni , Frea Simone , Bernasconi Davide , Colombo Costanza N.J. , Bertolin Stephanie , Viola Giovanna , Villanova Luca , Briani Martina , Patrini Lisa , Bocchino Pier Paolo , Sorini Dini Carlotta , D'Ettore Nicoletta , Bertaina Maurizio , Iannaccone Mario , Potena Luciano , Bertoldi Letizia , Valente Serafina , Camporotondo Rita , Marini Marco , Pagnesi Matteo , Metra Marco , De Ferrari Gaetano , Oliva Fabrizio , Morici Nuccia , Pappalardo Federico , Tavazzi Guido ,   on behalf of AltShock‐2 Investigators
Published: August 2024

AimsTo describe the use and the relation to outcome of different ventilation strategies in a contemporary, large, prospective registry of cardiogenic shock patients.Methods and resultsAmong 657 patients enrolled from March 2020 to November 2023, 198 (30.1%) received oxygen therapy (OT), 96 (14.6%) underwent non‐invasive ventilation (NIV), and 363 (55.3%) underwent invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV). Patients in the iMV group were significantly younger compared to those in the NIV and OT groups (63 vs. 69 years, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Patients with SCAI B and C were more frequently treated with OT and NIV compared to iMV (65.1% and 65.4% vs. 42.6%, respectively, p > 0.001), while the opposite trend was observed in SCAI D patients (12% and 12.2% vs. 30.9%, respectively, p < 0.001). All‐cause mortality at 24 h did not differ amongst the three groups. The 60‐day mortality rates were 40.2% for the iMV group, 26% for the OT group, and 29.3% for the NIV group (p = 0.005), even after excluding patients with cardiac arrest at presentation. In the multivariate analysis including SCAI stages, NIV was not associated with worse mortality compared to iMV (hazard ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 0.85–4.56), even in more severe SCAI stages such as D.ConclusionsCompared to previous studies, we observed a rising trend in the utilization of NIV among cardiogenic shock patients, irrespective of aetiology and SCAI stages. In this clinical scenario, NIV emerges as a safe option for appropriately selected patients.
Characteristics analysis of flame propagation and its coupling effect with other parameters in LPG pipeline
Authors: Bi Haipu , Mao Wei , Cao Yujie , Zhang Qingqing , Tian Lei , Wang Kaimin , Xie Xiaolong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo study the flame propagating characteristic and its coupling effect with other parameters in the LPG pipeline, a typical pipeline model with two equal‐length branches perpendicular to each other is designed for experiment and simulation. Then, gas explosion scenarios are experimentally tested and numerically simulated, which is followed by the analysis of flame shape changing with time and peak temperature changing with space. Results show that when passing through the bifurcation, flame propagates to vertical branch B in a sharp knife shape affected by the strong vortex, reflected airflow, and compressed pressure wave in the pipeline with a diameter of 0.125 m. At the monitoring point that is 0.4 m away from the bifurcation point, the peak temperature of the vertical branch B is 57.87% bigger than that of the horizontal branch C, and its arrival time is 80% longer than that of the horizontal branch C, due to the existence of flame in vertical branch B. What's more, in both branches, the coupling results between peak temperature and peak velocity agree very well with the growth function, while the coupling results between peak temperature and peak pressure agree well with the decay function, providing aids to the optimal layout design of industrial pipeline branches as well as to the explosion suppression measures.
Evolution of riparian vegetation in response to anthropogenic effects: The Taleqan River, Iran
Authors: Darabi Shahmari Sahar , Ghanavati Ezatollah , Ahmadabadi Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring the last decades, human interventions, such as dam construction and land‐use change, have caused changes in geomorphic patterns and riparian zones in many rivers in Iran. This study aimed to assess the spatio‐temporal evolution of riparian vegetation and the spatial area of biogeomorphic feedback windows (BFWs) located in the riparian Salicaceae vegetation patches and their traits responding to human interventions in the Taleqan River during 1990–2022. The river was divided into five reaches using the geomorphic unit system (GUS) method, and the river sensitivity index (SI), location of BFWs, vegetation typology and main cover typology were investigated in the reaches using aerial photographs and satellite images from 1990 to 2022. For this purpose, the main cover typology was classified into grassland, woody vegetation, bank‐attached bars, islands, vegetated islands, river channels and urban areas. The stem diameter and density, degradation level and longitudinal/latitudinal alluvial bars in each of the BFWs were investigated using the field survey. Based on the findings, the lowest values of the SI (braiding index [BI], channel activity [CA] and channel width [CW]) and the highest expansion of BFWs were observed in the upstream reaches of the Taleqan River. Human disturbances in these reaches were less than in the reaches downstream, allowing the expansion of vegetation habitats. The vegetation patches were unstable and scattered in the midstream and downstream, and the width decrease of the river channel was created by land‐use change and channelization. A significant direct relationship was observed between BFW establishment, stem diameter and density, and vegetation height. The BFWs create an opportunity for engineer vegetation to prevent erosion and expand new habitats by creating biogeomorphic accumulation landforms and trapping alluvial bars on the lee side of engineer woody vegetation. This study highlights the interactions between riparian areas and hydrogeomorphic processes within riparian corridors exposed to human disturbances to help better define a comprehensive plan for river management.
Soybean extract inhibits influenza virus entry: Mechanistic insights
Authors: Sakata Natsumi , Horio Yuka , Yamaji Ryoichi , Isegawa Yuji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInfluenza viruses pose significant public health threats because they can cause seasonal outbreaks and global pandemics. Current preventive measures, including vaccines and antiviral drugs, are limited by their low efficacy and the emergence of drug‐resistant viruses. Addressing these issues necessitates the development of novel preventive and treatment methods. Our previous work highlighted the inhibitory effects of soybean hydrothermal extract on influenza virus growth. In this study, we aimed to delve into the mechanism underlying the antiviral activity, specifically the inhibition of viral entry. Our findings reveal that soybean extract significantly inhibited the stages of viral entry during a viral infection and hindered virus uptake by cells. Fluorescence microscopy of stained viral nucleoproteins demonstrated viral localization on the cell membrane in soybean‐treated cells, highlighting a distinctive pattern compared to the control cells where the virus was internalized. Soybean extract targeted the clathrin‐dependent endocytosis pathway, as evidenced by 76% inhibition using a clathrin‐dependent marker (transferrin). The identification of soybean inhibitors underscores the need for further investigation and offers potential for innovative antiviral interventions.
Geopolitical Risk and Extreme Risk Connectedness Among Energy and Other Strategic Commodities: Fresh Sight Using the High‐Dimensional CoVaR Model
Authors: Zheng Qingying , Wu Jintao , Lin Boqiang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTExisting studies on commodity market risk spillovers recognize the pivotal role of geopolitical risk (GPR), but scarcely address how it drives tail risk spillover networks. This study adopts the Tail‐Event driven NETwork methodology to explore high‐dimensional Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR) spillovers within energy and other strategic commodity markets. Our findings indicate that (1) In both lower and upper tail networks, metal and food commodities primarily act as net risk transmitters, whereas energy commodities are mainly net risk receivers. Additionally, these roles undergo short‐term reversals during periods of heightened market uncertainty. (2) There exists an asymmetrical pattern of CoVaR co‐movements in these commodity markets. The total connectedness (TC) in both the upper and lower tails demonstrates distinct responses to various extreme events. GPR tends to weaken the lower tail TC and strengthen the upper tail. (3) Incorporating GPR substantially improves the effectiveness of Minimum Connectedness Portfolio (MCoP) for these strategic commodities.
Hippocampal neurogenesis modulated by Quinic acid: A therapeutic strategy for the neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Iftikhar Kanwal , Niaz Maryam , Shahid Maha , Zehra Sumbul , Afzal Taj , Faizi Shaheen , Simjee Shabana Usman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeural progenitor cells (NPCs) reside in the brain and participate in the mechanism of neurogenesis that permits the brain to generate the building blocks for enhancement of cognitive abilities and acquisition of new skills. The existence of NPCs in brain has opened a novel dimension of research to explore their potential for treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. The present study provides novel insights into the intracellular mechanisms in neuronal cells proliferation, maturation and differentiation regulated by Quinic acid (QA). Furthermore, this study might help in discovery and development of lead molecule that can overcome the challenges in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The growth supporting effect of QA was studied using MTT assay. For that purpose, hippocampal cell cultures of neonatal rats were treated with different concentrations of QA and incubated for 24, 48 and 72 h. Gene and protein expressions of the selected molecular markers nestin, neuron‐specific class III beta‐tubulin (Tuj‐1), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), neuronal differentiation 1 (NeuroD1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuroligin (NLGN) and vimentin were analyzed. QA‐induced cell proliferation and differentiation of hippocampal progenitor cells was also accompanied by significantly increased expression of progenitor and immature neuronal marker, mature neuronal marker and differentiating factor, that is, nestin, Tuj‐1, NeuN and NeuroD1, respectively. On the other hand, vimentin downregulation and constant GFAP expression were observed following QA treatment. Additionally, the effects of QA on the recovery of stressed cells was studied using in vitro model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). It was observed that hippocampal cells were able to recover from OGD following the treatment with QA. These findings suggest that QA treatment promotes hippocampal neurogenesis by proliferating and differentiating of NPCs and recovers neurons from stress caused by OGD. Thus, the neurogenic potential of QA can be explored for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Sociodemographic and clinical features related to hepatitis B virus infection among rejected blood donors in Luanda, Angola
Authors: Jandondo Domingos , Pimentel Victor , Vigário João , Vienga Pedro , Sebastião Joana M. K. , Mateus Anabela , Comandante Felícia , Sacomboio Euclides , Abecasis Ana , Manico Eunice , Machado Deodete , David Zinga , de Vasconcelos Jocelyne Neto , Morais Joana , Sebastião Cruz S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a public health concern. Blood donors screened for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) along with aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) could play a key in providing safe blood products. We investigated the features related to HBV infection among rejected blood donors in Luanda, Angola.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted with 164 rejected donors. Donors were screened for HBsAg from March to May 2022. Overall, 63.4% tested positive for HBV.ResultsThe mean age of the HBV‐positive (29.2 ± 8.02) was lower than the HBV‐negative (33.9 ± 10.0) (p < 0.001). Donors between 20 and 40 years (odds ratio [OR]: 2.34, p = 0.045), females (OR: 1.40, p = 0.516), residents in urbanized areas (OR: 1.23, p = 0.530), low educational (OR: 1.54, p = 0.458), unemployed (OR: 1.65, p = 0.271), and unmarried (OR:1.41, p = 0.616) might be likely to contract HBV. AST/ALT ratio was higher in HBV‐infected (2.07 ± 1.42) than in HBV‐uninfected (1.90 ± 1.14). About 20% of HBV‐positive were classified as having acute liver disease, while 80% with chronic liver disease, based on AST/ALT ratio. Age ranged from 20 to 40 years (OR: 1.97, p = 0.305), females (OR: 1.61, p = 0.557), donors from non‐urbanized (OR: 1.69, p = 0.557), a low educational (OR: 1.64, p = 0.571), and unemployed donors (OR: 1.81, p = 0.289) were likely to develop chronic liver disease.ConclusionsOur findings indicated the failure of viral hepatitis control measures. Authorities should consider including HBV nucleic acid testing to ensure early identification of HBV in Angola.
Mixed convective heat transfer in a square cavity filled with power‐law fluids under active flow modulation
Authors: Mia Md. Nasim , Abdullah Muhammad , Das Arpita , Mahmood Fahim Tanfeez , Hasan Mohammad Nasim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study presents a computational investigation of mixed convective heat transfer in a square enclosure containing power‐law fluid. An active flow modulator is employed in the form of a flat plate with negligible thickness, and the mixed convection is achieved through clockwise rotation of the plate. The rotation of the plate is modeled by incorporating a moving mesh technique. The solution is then obtained by applying the Finite Element Technique under the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian framework. Numerical validation is performed with contemporary research studies consisting of rotating plates to justify the accuracy of the present study. The study is conducted at constant Prandtl number Pr = 1.0 and Reynolds number Re = 500 while varying the power‐law index (0.6 ≤ n ≤ 1.4) and the Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 10.0). The results have been presented in terms of the flow and thermal fields, spatially averaged Nusselt number, spatially averaged power consumption by the plate, and the velocity and temperature profile in the enclosure. The numerical findings indicate that a higher Richardson number encourages heat transfer. For the shear‐thinning fluid, a 37% thermal augmentation is observed in comparison to the Newtonian fluid at Ri = 10. However, in the case of shear‐thickening fluid, thermal performance was reduced by 21.13%. Small thermal oscillations are observed in naturally dominated mixed convection for shear‐thinning fluids, but none are observed for shear‐thickening or Newtonian fluids. In addition, the findings demonstrate that the flow modulator has a positive impact on heat transfer for the shear‐thickening fluids (n > 1) and an adverse effect for the shear‐thinning fluids (n < 1). Furthermore, the power consumption decreases as Ri increases, and it becomes negative beyond Ri = 1.0 due to the increase in natural convection strength.