bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managers' perceptions of the value and impact of HAZWOPER worker health and safety training
Authors: Riley Kevin , Slatin Craig , Rice Carol , Rosen Mitchel , Weidner B. Louise , Fleishman Jane , Alerding Linda , Delp Linda 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundWorker training is a core component of the OSHA Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) standard, but few studies have considered what motivates managers to provide HAZWOPER training to employees or what they value in that training.MethodsIn 2012, four university‐based programs conducted an exploratory survey of managers who sent employees to HAZWOPER courses. Results from 109 respondents were analyzed.ResultsForty‐two percent of respondents cited regulations as the most important reason to provide HAZWOPER training; many indicated they would provide less training if there were no standard in place. Three‐quarters (74%) reported training had improved workplace conditions. Fewer than half said they were likely to involve trained employees in aspects of the organization's H&S program.DiscussionCompliance with regulatory requirements is an important factor shaping managers' training delivery decisions. Managers recognize positive impacts of training. These impacts could be enhanced by further leveraging employee H&S knowledge and skills. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:780–787, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Study of the Reactivity of Polyhydroxylated Sterol Derivatives
Authors: Marek Aleš , Klepetářová Blanka , Elbert Tomáš 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA detailed study of regiospecific silylation, oxidation, and reduction of sterols is reported. The different reactivity of 2α and 3α hydroxy groups is demonstrated on a 2α,3α‐dihydroxy‐5α‐pregnane‐6,20‐dione as a model substrate. A regiospecific silylation of the 2α‐alcohol occurred when silyl chloride was used under mild reaction conditions. The selective oxidation of one of the 2α,3α‐diols by dimethyldioxirane or the Dess–Martin periodinane led to a mixture of α‐hydroxyketones with high prevalence of 3,6,20‐trione over 2,6,20‐trione in the ratio 10:1. A regiospecific reduction of a model substrate by lithium tri‐tert‐butoxyaluminium hydride gives the C6 alcohol.
Structure and morphology of nanoporous zno and dark current‐Voltage characteristics of the glass/(TCO)/zno/poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐alt‐(5,5'‐bithiophene)/ag structure
Authors: Ghimpu Lidia , Potlog Tamara , Resmerita Ana‐Maria , Tiginyanu Ion , Farcas Aurica 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe hybrid organic‐inorganic structure based on glass/(TCO)/nanoporous ZnO/poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐alt‐(5,5′‐bithiophene)]/Ag that was prepared by physical deposition has been investigated. The structure of the nanostructured ZnO obtained by magnetron sputtering was confirmed by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis proved the existence of short and interconnected zinc oxide (ZnO) fibers, which form a continuous porous network with pores having an average diameter of 100 nm. Current‐voltage (I‐V) curves of the glass/TCO/ZnO/PF‐BT/Ag hybrid structure are similar to those of typical p‐n junctions and stable until 90°C temperature. According to the I‐V characteristics, the dominant mechanism of current flow is based on the generation‐recombination of carriers in the depletion region at low direct biases and also on the injection of carriers at high biases. The reverse branch of the I‐V characteristic, calculated in log‐log scale, shows one segment with a power coefficient of 3/2 at room temperature. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42415.
Enzymatic transformation of ginseng leaf saponin by recombinant β‐glucosidase (bgp1) and its efficacy in an adipocyte cell line
Authors: Huq Md. Amdadul , Siraj Fayeza Md. , Kim Yeon‐Ju , Yang Deok‐Chun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe major ginseng leaf saponins are transformed into the more pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides by recombinant β‐glucosidase enzyme bgp1. Ginseng leaves contain six major ginsenosides: Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd. Among these Rg1, Re and Rd are the most abundant. Within 3 H of incubation, all dominant major ginsenosides found in ginseng leaf had decomposed and been converted into the more active minor ginsenosides (i.e., 100% of Rg1, Re, and Rd were decomposed and converted into Rh1, Rg2, and Rg3, respectively). The recombinant β‐glucosidase enzyme (bgp1) hydrolyzed all glucose moieties attached to the C‐20 position of the ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rd, and F1. The transformed product contains pharmacologically active minor ginsenosides Rh1, Rg2, Rg3, F1, and protopanaxatriol. This transformed product was used to investigate the effects on the 3T3‐L1 adipocyte cell line. The cytotoxicity assay did not show any toxicity, even when used at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Adipogenesis was shown to decrease in response to bioconverted leaf saponin in a dose‐dependent manner.
Regulatory role of B‐cell maturation antigen on the toxic effect of chromium ions on human SaOS‐2 osteoblasts
Authors: Li D. H. , Yang Q. , Zhou J.S. , Zhang Z. W. , Miao M. Y. , Yang S. S. , Xu W. D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMetal prostheses of artificial joints undergo wear, producing numerous metal particles and ions, such as Cr3+. Cr3+ is considered a key factor leading to aseptic loosening. Many studies focus on the effect of Cr3+ on osteoblasts; however, little is known about the effect of Cr3+ on the B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) in the osteoblasts. In this study, we first demonstrated the BCMA expressed in human SaOS‐2 osteoblasts through reverse transcriptase‐PCR, Western blot, and immunocytochemical analyses. Cr3+ decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), cell mineralization, and collagen type I mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, Cr3+ has an inhibitive effect on the expression of the BCMA in human SaOS‐2 osteoblasts. However, after we upregulated the expression of the BCMA, ALP, OC, cell mineralization, and collagen type I mRNA and protein expression were increased. Overall, this study demonstrates that the BCMA is involved in human SaOS‐2 osteoblast osteogenetic metabolism and plays a regulatory role on the toxic effect of chromium ions on human SaOS‐2 osteoblasts.
Relative brain signature: a population‐based feature extraction procedure to identify functional biomarkers in the brain of alcoholics
Authors: Karamzadeh Nader , Ardeshirpour Yasaman , Kellman Matthew , Chowdhry Fatima , Anderson Afrouz , Chorlian David , Wegman Edward , Gandjbakhche Amir 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundA novel feature extraction technique, Relative‐Brain‐Signature (RBS), which characterizes subjects' relationship to populations with distinctive neuronal activity, is presented. The proposed method transforms a set of Electroencephalography's (EEG) time series in high dimensional space to a space of fewer dimensions by projecting time series onto orthogonal subspaces.MethodsWe apply our technique to an EEG data set of 77 abstinent alcoholics and 43 control subjects. To characterize subjects' relationship to the alcoholic and control populations, one RBS vector with respect to the alcoholic and one with respect to the control population is constructed. We used the extracted RBS vectors to identify functional biomarkers over the brain of alcoholics. To achieve this goal, the classification algorithm was used to categorize subjects into alcoholics and controls, which resulted in 78% accuracy.Results and ConclusionsUsing the results of the classification, regions with distinctive functionality in alcoholic subjects are detected. These affected regions, with respect to their spatial extent, are frontal, anterior frontal, centro‐parietal, parieto‐occiptal, and occipital lobes. The distribution of these regions over the scalp indicates that the impact of the alcohol in the cerebral cortex of the alcoholics is spatially diffuse. Our finding suggests that these regions engage more of the right hemisphere relative to the left hemisphere of the alcoholics' brain.
Cycloadditions to Epoxides Catalyzed by Group III–V Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: D'Elia Valerio , Pelletier Jérémie D. A. , Basset Jean‐Marie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractComplexes of group III–V transition metals are gaining increasing importance as Lewis acid catalysts for the cycloaddition of dipolarophiles to epoxides. This review examines the latest reports, including homogeneous and heterogeneous applications. The pivotal step for the cycloaddition reactions is the ring opening of the epoxide following activation by the Lewis acid. Two modes of cleavage (CC versus CO) have been identified depending primarily on the substitution pattern of the epoxide, with lesser influence observed from the Lewis acid employed. The widely studied cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford cyclic carbonates (CO bond cleavage) has been scrutinized in terms of catalytic efficiency and reaction mechanism, showing that unsophisticated complexes of group III–V transition metals are excellent molecular catalysts. These metals have been incorporated, as well, in highly performing, recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Cycloadditions to epoxides with other dipolarophiles (alkynes, imines, indoles) have been conducted with scandium triflate with remarkable performances (CC bond cleavage).
Brønsted Acid‐Mediated Annulation of α‐Oxo Ketene Dithioacetals with Pyrroles: Efficient Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Cyclopenta[b]pyrroles
Authors: Yang Xiaoge , Wu Kaikai , Wu Ping , Chen Jiping , Sun Chenglin , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBrønsted acid‐mediated annulation of internal olefins α‐oxo ketene dithioacetals to pyrroles was efficiently achieved to afford cyclopenta[b]pyrroles. A pair of Brønsted acids with acid strengths, that is, trifluoroacetic acid, and para‐toluenesulfonic acid hydrate, were applied to promote the annulation reactions. The resultant products were readily oxidized to sulfones by meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Subsequent treatment with 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene gave desulfurized terminal olefins or [2+2] cycloaddition products from the desulfurized olefin intermediates. The present protocol provides facile access to structurally diverse cyclopenta[b]pyrrole derivatives under mild conditions.
Comparative Assessment of Complex Stabilities of Radiocopper Chelating Agents by a Combination of Complex Challenge and in vivo Experiments
Authors: Litau Shanna , Seibold Uwe , Vall‐Sagarra Alicia , Fricker Gert , Wängler Björn , Wängler Carmen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFor 64Cu radiolabeling of biomolecules to be used as in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents, various chelators are commonly applied. It has not yet been determined which of the most potent chelators—NODA‐GA ((1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐4,7‐diyl)diacetic acid‐1‐glutaric acid), CB‐TE2A (2,2′‐(1,4,8,11‐tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane‐4,11‐diyl)diacetic acid), or CB‐TE1A‐GA (1,4,8,11‐tetraazabicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane‐4,11‐diyl‐8‐acetic acid‐1‐glutaric acid)—forms the most stable complexes resulting in PET images of highest quality. We determined the 64Cu complex stabilities for these three chelators by a combination of complex challenge and an in vivo approach. For this purpose, bioconjugates of the chelating agents with the gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)‐affine peptide PESIN and an integrin αvβ3‐affine c(RGDfC) tetramer were synthesized and radiolabeled with 64Cu in excellent yields and specific activities. The 64Cu‐labeled biomolecules were evaluated for their complex stabilities in vitro by conducting a challenge experiment with the respective other chelators as challengers. The in vivo stabilities of the complexes were also determined, showing the highest stability for the 64Cu–CB‐TE1A‐GA complex in both experimental setups. Therefore, CB‐TE1A‐GA is the most appropriate chelating agent for *Cu‐labeled radiotracers and in vivo imaging applications.
Innate and virtual memory T cells in man
Authors: Van Kaer Luc 
Published: May 2015

A hallmark of the antigen‐specific B and T lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system is their capacity to “remember” pathogens long after they are first encountered, a property that forms the basis for effective vaccine development. However, studies in mice have provided strong evidence that some naive T cells can develop characteristics of memory T cells in the absence of foreign antigen encounters. Such innate memory T cells may develop in response to lymphopenia or the presence of high levels of the cytokine IL‐4, and have also been identified in unmanipulated animals, a phenomenal referred to as “virtual memory.” While the presence of innate memory T cells in mice is now widely accepted, their presence in humans has not yet been fully validated. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Jacomet et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45:1926‐1933] provide the best evidence to date for innate memory T cells in humans. These findings may contribute significantly to our understanding of human immunity to microbial pathogens and tumors.
A computationally efficient 3D finite‐volume scheme for violent liquid–gas sloshing
Authors: Oxtoby O. F. , Malan A. G. , Heyns J. A. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryWe describe a semi‐implicit volume‐of‐fluid free‐surface‐modelling methodology for flow problems involving violent free‐surface motion. For efficient computation, a hybrid‐unstructured edge‐based vertex‐centred finite volume discretisation is employed, while the solution methodology is entirely matrix free. Pressures are solved using a matrix‐free preconditioned generalised minimum residual algorithm and explicit time‐stepping is employed for the momentum and interface‐tracking equations. The high resolution artificial compressive (HiRAC) volume‐of‐fluid method is used for accurate capturing of the free surface in violent flow regimes while allowing natural applicability to hybrid‐unstructured meshes. The code is parallelised for solution on distributed‐memory architectures and evaluated against 2D and 3D benchmark problems. Good parallel scaling is demonstrated, with almost linear speed‐up down to 6000 cells per core. Finally, the code is applied to an industrial‐type problem involving resonant excitation of a fuel tank, and a comparison with experimental results is made in this violent sloshing regime. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell seeding density is a critical determinant for copolymer scaffolds‐induced bone regeneration
Authors: Yassin Mohammed A. , Leknes Knut N. , Pedersen Torbjorn O. , Xing Zhe , Sun Yang , Lie Stein A. , Finne‐Wistrand Anna , Mustafa Kamal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConstructs intended for bone tissue engineering (TE) are influenced by the initial cell seeding density. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) density loaded onto copolymer scaffolds on bone regeneration. BMSCs were harvested from rat's bone marrow and cultured in media with or without osteogenic supplements. Cells were seeded onto poly(l‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) [poly(LLA‐co‐CL)] scaffolds at two different densities: low density (1 × 106cells/scaffold) or high density (2 × 106cells/scaffold) using spinner modified flasks and examined after 1 and 3 weeks. Initial attachment and spread of BMSC onto the scaffolds was recorded by scanning electron microscopy. Cell proliferation was assessed by DNA quantification and cell differentiation by quantitative real‐time reverse transcriptase‐polymerized chain reaction analysis (qRT‐PCR). Five‐millimeter rat calvarial defects (24 defects in 12 rats) were implanted with scaffolds seeded with either low or high density expanded with or without osteogenic supplements. Osteogenic supplements significantly increased cell proliferation (p< 0.001). Scaffolds seeded at high cell density exhibited higher mRNA expressions of Runx2p = 0.001, Col1p = 0.001, BMP2p < 0.001, BSPp < 0.001, and OCp = 0.013. More bone was formed in response to high cell seeding density (p = 0.023) and high seeding density with osteogenic medium (p = 0.038). Poly (LLA‐co‐CL) scaffolds could be appropriate candidates for bone TE. The optimal number of cells to be loaded onto scaffolds is critical for promoting Extracellular matrix synthesis and bone formation. Cell seeding density and osteogenic supplements may have a synergistic effect on the induction of new bone. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3649–3658, 2015.
Generation and characterization of a novel shoulder contracture mouse model
Authors: Oki Satoshi , Shirasawa Hideyuki , Yoda Masaki , Matsumura Noboru , Tohmonda Takahide , Yuasa Kazuki , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Horiuchi Keisuke 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFrozen shoulder is a relatively common disorder that leads to severe pain and stiffness in the shoulder joint. Although this disorder is self‐limiting in nature, the symptoms often persist for years, resulting in severe disability. Recent studies using human specimens and animal models have shown distinct changes in the gene expression patterns in frozen shoulder tissue, indicating that novel therapeutic intervention could be achieved by controlling the genes that are potentially involved in the development of frozen shoulder. To achieve this goal, it is imperative to develop a reliable animal joint contracture model in which gene expression can be manipulated by gene targeting and transgenic technologies. Here, we describe a novel shoulder contracture mouse model. We found that this model mimics the clinical presentation of human frozen shoulder and recapitulates the changes in the gene expression pattern and the histology of frozen shoulder and joint contracture in humans and other larger animal models. The model is highly reproducible, without any major complications. Therefore, the present model may serve as a useful tool for investigating frozen shoulder etiology and for identifying its potential target genes. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1732–1738, 2015.
Restoration of Plant and Animal Communities in a Sanitary Landfill: A 10‐year Case Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong James Tsz‐Fung , Chen Xun‐Wen , Mo Wing‐Yin , Man Yu‐Bon , Ng Charles Wang‐Wai , Wong Ming‐Hung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted in the South East New Territories landfill in Hong Kong, with the objectives to (i) investigate the plant and animal communities' establishment and performance within 10 years after restoration and (ii) provide important information on pioneer plants species selection recommendations for restoring sanitary landfills. The studying sites were re‐vegetated in 2003, with 14 pioneer plant species, includingAcacia auriculiformis, A. confusaandSchefflera heptaphylla, planted. In total, four permanent quadrats (10 m × 10 m) were used for monitoring at three restored sites (sites E, N and S) and the control site C. The soil properties and plant and animal communities inside plots were investigated annually in summer and winter between 2003 and 2014. The similarity of plant and animal communities between the restored and control sites was compared using Jaccard's index. Ten years after restoration, animal and plant communities were gradually established at all sites. No animal was introduced into the restored sites in 2003; however, there were 29, 31 and 44 animal species recorded at sites E, N and S, respectively, between 2003 and 2012. Within the studying period, 38 plant species (trees: 52·63%, shrub: 21·05%, herbs: 23·68% and climber: 2·63%) were recorded in all sites and 17 (36·84%) of them were self‐seeding. Exotic species, such as those from the familyAcaciaandMimosaceae, were dominant at all restored sites, which implies that exotic species are more competitive and suitable to be used as pioneer species in sanitary landfill restoration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical‐biological coupling of N2 fixation in the northwestern South China Sea coastal upwelling during summer
Authors: Zhang Run , Chen Min , Yang Qing , Lin Yuanshao , Mao Huabin , Qiu Yusheng , Tong Jinlu , Lv E. , Yang Zhi , Yang Weifeng , Cao Jianping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHere, we present the first combined results of N2 fixation rates (15N2 assay), dissolved iron (dFe, < 0.2 μm), and primary production (PP) (14C assay) in the northwestern South China Sea (NWSCS) coastal upwelling region during summer. Surface N2 fixation rate ranged between 0.1 nmol N L−1 d−1 and 5.6 nmol N L−1 d−1 (average 1.0 nmol N L−1 d−1, n = 50) under nonbloom conditions. At a Trichodesmium bloom station, N2 fixation rate was ∼ 3 orders of magnitude higher. Depth‐integrated N2 fixation rate ranged between 7.5 μmol N m−2 d−1and 163.1 μmol N m−2 d−1 (average 46.4 μmol N m−2 d−1). Our results indicate that N2 fixation is unlikely limited by Fe availability in the NWSCS continental waters, instead, the coastal upwelling‐induced combined effects of physical and biological processes may have played a decisive role. With the upwelled cold, dFe‐rich, nutrient‐replete waters, nondiazotrophic phytoplankton growth would be preferentially enhanced while N2 fixation was hindered due to relative deficiency of phosphate caused by massive phytoplankton utilization in the coastal upwelling. By comparison, N2 fixation was notably elevated along with decreased PP in the offshore waters, probably due to a shift from P‐deficiency to N‐deficiency. Consistently, the contribution of N2 fixation to PP (0.01–2.52%) also increased toward the open waters. As a significant external N source, summertime N2 fixation is estimated to contribute a flux of 1.4 Gmol N to this area under nonbloom conditions. This study adds to the knowledge of N2 fixation in the rarely studied subtropical coastal upwellings, and highlights the necessity of future comprehensive studies in such highly dynamic environments.
Reduced SP1‐mediated transcriptional activation decreases expression of intestinal folate transporters in response to ethanol exposure
Authors: Thakur Shilpa , Rahat Beenish , More Deepti , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: May 2015

ScopeThe study was designed to identify the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol exposure on intestinal folate transport and to investigate the reversibility of such effects.Methods and resultsCaco‐2 cells were grown in control and ethanol containing medium for 96 h. Thereafter, one subgroup of cells was shifted on ethanol free medium and grown for next 72 h. For in vivo studies, rats were given 1g ethanol/kg body weight/day either for 3 or 5 months and after 3 months of ethanol treatment, one group of rats received no ethanol for 2 months. A significant decrease in folic acid transport as well as expression of folate transporters was observed on ethanol treatment and the effects were reversible upon removal of ethanol. Ethanol exposure had no impact on CpG island methylation of the folate transporters however, an increase in their mRNA half‐life was observed that seems to be a homeostatic mechanism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed a decrease in binding of SP1 transcription factor to the promoter regions of folate transporters.ConclusionReduced binding of SP1 to the promoter region of folate transporters may be a part of the regulatory mechanism resulting in decreased expression of folate transporters on ethanol exposure.