bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High quality and high speed cutting of 4H-SiC JFET wafers including PCM structures by using Thermal Laser Separation
Authors: Lewke Dirk , Koitzsch Matthias , Dohnke Karl Otto , Schellenberger Martin , Zuehlke Hans-Ulrich , Rupp Roland , Pfitzner Lothar , Ryssel Heiner 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe silicon carbide (SiC) market is gaining momentum hence productivity in device manufacturing has to be improved. The current transition from 100 mm SiC-wafers to 150 mm SiC-wafers requires novel processes in the front-end as well as the back-end of SiC-chip production. Dicing of fully processed SiC-wafers is becoming a bottleneck process since current state-of-the-art mechanical blade dicing faces heavy tool wear and achieves low throughput due to low feed rates in the range of only a few mm/s. This paper presents latest results of the novel dicing technology Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) applied for separating SiC-JFETs. We demonstrate for the first time that TLS is capable of dicing fully processed 4H-SiC wafers, including back side metal layer stacks, process control monitoring (PCM), and metal structures inside the dicing streets with feed rates up to 200 mm/s. TLS thus paves the way to efficient dicing of 150 mm SiC-wafers.
Coupled Vibrations in Index-Identified Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Levshov Dmitry , Michel Thierry , Paillet Matthieu , Than Xuan Tinh , Tran Huy Nam , Arenal Raul , Rahmani Abdelali , Boutahir Mourad , Zahab Ahmed-Azmi , Sauvajol Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTCombining high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and resonant Raman spectroscopy experiments on the same suspended (free-standing) individual carbon nanotubes is the ultimate approach to relate unambiguously the structure and the intrinsic phonon features of these nano-systems.By using this approach, the effect of coupling between nanotubes on the phonons is investigated in two model nano-systems: (i) a bundle of two non-identical SWNTs (inhomogeneous dimer), (ii) double-walled carbon nanotubes.
Electrochemical synthesis of CdSe/CdTe nanowires for hybrid photovoltaic structures
Authors: Gurevits Jelena , Bereznev Sergei , Mikli Valdek , Naidu Revathi , Mellikov Enn , Kois Julia 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAdvanced electrochemical technique was elaborated to fabricate self-organized CdSe nanowire structures from aqueous electrolytes on ITO coated glass substrates. We have recently been demonstrated successful electrochemical formation of free-assistent CdSe nanowire structures with diameter around 30 nm. This work has extended our previous research of electrodeposition of Cd chalcogenide (CdSe, CdS) nanowires to formation of core-shell CdSe/CdTe photosensitive nanowire structures. CdSe nanowire structures were synthesized potentiostatically from an acidic solution of H2SeO3 and CdCl2 at room temperature. Then the CdSe (core) nanowires were further passivated with CdTe (shell) thin film by method of electrochemical deposition from acidic solution of H2TeO3 and CdCl2. The effect of interfacial passivation with CdTe layer on the performance of the prepared photovoltaic structures was investigated and special account was paid to the morphology, composition and photovoltaic properties of obtained CdSe/CdTe nano-layers. It should be noted, that electrically conductive polymer photoabsorbers (poly (3-octylthiophene) etc.) were applied successfully for preparation of high work-function ohmic contact-sensitizer layer to CdTe shells. The electrodeposition and spin-casting techniques were applied step-by-step to prepare complete hybrid photovoltaic structures.
Evaluation of Stress Distribution of Mini Dental Implant-Supported Overdentures in Complete Cleft Palate Models: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: SoğAnci Gökçe , YazicioğLu Hüseyin 
Published: June 2014

Objective Mini dental implants could be an alternative treatment method for prosthetic treatment of edentulous cleft palate. The aim of this study was to analyze stress distribution around the cortical bone and different plans using a varied number of mini dental implants in edentulous unilateral complete cleft palates. Materials and Methods Three edentulous maxillary models were modified to create unilateral complete cleft palates. Mini dental implants (2.4 × 15 mm) were located as two mini implants at the premolar region, four mini implants at the premolar and molar region, and six mini implants at the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar regions in the models, respectively. Mucosa, o-ring/ball attachments, and overdentures were simulated. Vertical and horizontal loads of 100 N were applied on both the right and left molar teeth of the overdenture for each model. Maximum and minimum principal stress values and the distribution at cortical bone around the implants and cleft palates were evaluated by finite element analysis. Results Stress values under vertical loads were lower than values under horizontal loadings for all models. Stress values were found to be lower in the first model than in the second and third models. The highest stress values were found around implants in the second model. The unilateral feature of a complete cleft pattern affected the stress distribution. Conclusion Stresses occured mostly around implants when the overdenture was supported by six implants; however, the stress distribution around implants was low with two implants because of tissue support.
Micro-structured Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate for Repair of the Alveolar Cleft in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: De Ruiter Ad , Janssen Nard , Van Es Robert , Frank Michael , Meijer Gert , Koole Ron , Rosenberg Toine 
Published: June 2014

Objectives Can a synthetic bone substitute be used to repair the alveolar cleft to bypass donor site morbidity as well as to shorten the operating time? In earlier experimental studies, micro-structured beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) provided similar bone healing when compared with grafting with iliac crest bone. This justifies the clinical evaluation of this bone substitute in the human alveolar cleft situation. Design Prospective clinical study. Setting University clinic. Participants Seven patients, all with unilateral alveolar cleft, were randomly included for alveolar cleft repair with β-TCP in 2010 and 2011. Main Outcome Measures In all patients, the alveolar cleft was repaired by micro-structured β-TCP grafting. Our assessments were distilled from cone beam computed tomography scans taken preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively. A volumetric outcome could be realized. Results Six months after the operative grafting of micro-structured β-TCP into the alveolar cleft, the bone volume thus acquired was satisfactory. We found an average bone volume percentage of 73% ± 6% compared with the original cleft volume. Conclusions Previous experimental and clinical studies and the initial findings of this pilot study now elucidate a path toward the clinical use of micro-structured β-TCP bone substitute for repair of the alveolar cleft.
Biology ofConchyloctenia hybrida(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) onSolanum campylacanthumsubsp.panduriforme
Authors: Ghebremariam Tsedal T , Krüger Kerstin , Reinhardt Carl F 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe biology of the afrotropical Conchyloctenia hybrida Boheman on Solanum campylacanthum subsp. panduriforme was studied under laboratory conditions in South Africa. Papery oothecae contained between 2 and 10 eggs. Adults displayed vigorous feeding, high fertility, longevity, as well as careful choice of oviposition site. Construction of oothecae was highest at the junctions of main and lateral veins on abaxial leaf surfaces facing upwards or downwards and adaxial surfaces facing downwards. The period from oviposition to adult eclosion ranged between 37 and 42 d at 25°C. Adults had an even sex ratio. After a preoviposition period of 34 d, females deposited 3 to 48 oothecae in 4 to 91 d. The mean longevity of females and males was 168 and 165 d, respectively. The net replacement rate was 50.14, the intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.97 per month, the mean generation time was 4 mo, and doubling time was 0.71 mo. Daily consumption rate of leaves increased rapidly in late larval instars and was highest for adults. Adults underwent a series of elytral color changes corresponding with age and physiological state. Mature adults characterized by hardened metallic-colored elytra had a higher winter survival rate than young adults with soft, nonmetallic elytra.
Application of Silicate/Polymer Water Shut-Off Treatment in Faulted Reservoirs with Extreme High Permeability
Authors: Lakatos I. , Lakatos-Szabó J. , Kosztin B. , Al-Sharji H. H. , Ali E. , Al-Mujaini A. A. , Al-Alawi N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In frame of the project, one injector and two oil producers operating in different reservoirs having extremely high permeability were treated using the silicate/polymer method. The well selection based on analysis of production history, reservoir structure, and tracer test and production characteristics. The water cut in producers was close to or well above 90%. The chemical system was individually tailored to each well. The gel-forming solutions were sequentially injected into the wells using bullhead technique. The producers operating with sucker rod pumping were treated through the producing tubing or the annulus. In the latter case, a new "virtual" reactor concept was elaborated to mix the solution on the fly. Evaluating the results, it can be concluded that the project was successful. The cumulative daily oil production increased by 68 m3/d; meanwhile the water production decreased by 285 m3/d. Thus, on yearly basis, the incremental oil production might be as high as ~25,000 m3/y with water production less than 105,000 m3/y. The project clearly proved that the silicate/polymer technology could meet the requirements of the unique reservoir conditions (extreme permeability, faulted structure, and low formation temperature). In addition, great advantage of the composite methods is that easily available, cheap, and environmental friendly chemicals were used.
Preconditioning for Efficiently Applying Algebraic Multigrid in Fully Implicit Reservoir Simulations
Authors: Gries Sebastian , Stüben Klaus , Brown Geoffrey L. , Chen Dingjun , Collins David A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Fully implicit petroleum reservoir simulations result in huge, often very ill-conditioned linear systems of equations to solve for different unknowns, for example, pressure and saturations. It is well known that the full system matrix contains both hyperbolic as well as nearly elliptic sub-systems. Since the solution of the coupled system is mainly determined by the solution of their elliptic (typically pressure) components, (CPR-type) two-stage preconditioning methods still belong to the most popular approaches to tackle such coupled systems. After a suitable extraction and decoupling, the numerically most costly step in such two-stage methods consists in solving these elliptic sub-systems. It is known that algebraic multigrid (AMG) provides a technique to solve elliptic linear equations very efficiently. The main advantage of AMG-based solvers – their numerical scalability – makes them particularly efficient for solving huge linear systems.
Depending on the application, the system’s properties range from simple to highly indefinite. Unfortunately decoupling pressure and saturation related parts may introduce further difficulties. Consequently, in complex industrial simulations, the application of AMG to elliptic sub-systems might not be straightforward. In fact, an important goal in defining an efficient two-stage preconditioning strategy consists in extracting elliptic sub-systems that are suitable for an efficient AMG solution and, at the same time, ensure a fast overall convergence of the two-stage approach.
The importance of this will be demonstrated for several industrial cases. In particular, some of these cases are very hard to solve by AMG if applied in a standard way.
Preliminary results for a CPR-type coupling of SAMG to CMG’s PARASOL, a variable degree variable ordering ILU preconditioner using FGMRES, are compared to using PARASOL by itself. Alternative preconditioning operators will be presented giving elliptic sub-systems which are not only more suitable for applying AMG efficiently but also help accelerate the CPR-type process. Comparisons with one-level iterative methods will show the acceleration by AMG is highly superior. Finally, a strategy is presented that combines all linear solver parts in one single AMG-iteration. In this sense CPR can be seen as a special case of AMG for systems. This, in turn, yields a – formally – very simple but simultaneously very flexible solution approach.
Unconventional Reservoir Development in Mexico: Lessons Learned From the First Exploratory Wells
Authors: Parra P. A. , Rubio N. , Ramirez C. , Guerra B. D. , Exler V. A. , Campos I. R. , Trejo M. D. , Olguin J. , Vargas C. H , Valbuena R. , Soler D. F. , Weimann M. I. , Lujan V. , Bonningue P. , Reyes P. G. , Martinez R. , Muñoz R. , Rodriguez E. , Garcia M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Lately, the United States of America has experienced tremendous growth in shale plays development. To date, more than 5,000 wells have been drilled and completed in more than 20 fields. Worldwide, exploration and development of shale plays has also increased. Currently, due to low gas prices, operating companies are shifting resources to explore and develop condensate or oil producing shale plays. In 2010, exploration of gas-rich and possible liquid-rich shale reservoirs began in northern Mexico. The main challenges were to demonstrate the availability of reserves and set the foundation for future development of these plays, with the information gathered in a few exploratory wells. Wells were aimed at the upper cretaceous Eagle Ford formation and at the Jurassic Pimienta formation. As of July 2012, six horizontal exploratory wells were drilled and completed, implementing in four of them a two stage integrated workflow to achieve the objectives set.
The drilling stage used a petrophysical and geomechanical static model to identify the most prospective interval in the reservoir, define the best drilling azimuth direction and landing point, and reduce drilling risk. Real-time geosteering was implemented to achieve the targeted navigation window. In the completion stage, a reservoir-centric completion and stimulation software, which integrates petrophysical and geomechanical data, was used to optimize the completion and stimulation design. Results were evaluated using various techniques, including micro seismic monitoring, production history matching, production logging and well testing.
This study presents the details of the workflow implemented and the lessons learned in each well. The main lessons learned were: 1. Proper well landing was key to achieving predicted production and booking of reserves; 2. Anisotropic geomechanical models were the most appropriate for simulating hydraulic fracturing treatments; 3. Conventional hydraulic fracturing models do not always represent the behavior of fractures in the unconventional formations evaluated; 4. Production rates along the lateral of the well can vary significantly with single stages producing up to 20% of the total well production. The conclusions and lessons learned in this study have formed the bases and will be important to the subsequent development of the different shale plays in Mexico—and around the world.
A Real-Time Discharge Modelling and Environmental Monitoring System for Drilling Operations
Authors: Brönner Ute , Nepstad Raymond , Eidnes Grim , Rønningen Petter , Rye Henrik , Alver Morten , Slagstad Dag 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We present a novel approach for real-time environmental modelling and monitoring of oil drilling operations. By combining live ocean sensor data, hydrodynamic simulation and discharge modelling in an integrated software solution, an accurate spatially-resolved picture of drilling discharge transport and fate can be presented to the user, in real-time. The availability of such information is essential for safe operations in sensitive areas. A field trial of the present solution has been conducted together with Statoil in the Norwegian Sea.
Live hydrodynamic data was provided by a combined spar buoy/ADCP platform, and communicated to the software system via satellite. As a backup solution, an operational hydrodynamic model (SINMOD) was set up to produce short-range forecasts (nowcasts). The hydrodynamic data was automatically incorporated by the fate and transport model (DREAM), and simulation results were distilled and presented to the user on a simple web page frontend. This allowed several independent stakeholder parties to inspect the results simultaneously.
During the development and testing of the real-time solution, and also from the subsequent field test, experience and several key insights were gained, pointing to directions of future development and research. Among these we can mention: an automated system for importing updated drilling schedule data, direct assimilation of sensor data into the hydrodynamic model, improved robustness and reliability of the buoy platform, and extensions including several user interfaces, tailored to specific user groups (i.e. platform operators, environmental coordinators, etc.).
Through the real-time combination of measurements and models of sufficiently fine-grained resolution we established a viable information platform for decision making during drilling operations. Thus, the present solution and its further development are important contributions to increased environmental safety when operating in sensitive areas.
Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry Project to Reduce the Number of Hydrocarbon Leaks with emphasis on Operational Barriers Improvement
Authors: Preventor Jan Erik , Proactima Willy Røed 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPrevention of hydrocarbon (HC) leaks is important; they are the most critical precursor events that may lead to major accidents, such as in the case of Piper Alpha. The number of HC leaks on offshore production installations on the Norwegian Continental Shelf peaked just after year 2000, with more than 40 leaks per year with initial rate above 0.1 kg/s. The Norwegian Oil and Gas Association (Norwegian Oil and Gas) conducted a reduction project from 2003 until 2008, which resulted in ten HC leaks above 0.1 kg/s in 2007. The number of leaks increased in the years after 2007, and was in average 15 in the period 2008–2010, without any significant increase in the number of installations. Norwegian Oil and Gas initiated a new project early in 2011 in order to reduce the number of HC leaks further. The initiative will be completed at the end of 2013, but has already started to show promising results. A study performed by the project concludes that more than 50% of the leaks are associated with failure of operational barriers during human intervention into the process systems. Human and organizational factors are dominating with respect to circumstances and root causes. This paper presents the HC leak reduction project, the rationale behind it and its main activities, which are aimed at reflecting the operational challenges. The activities tie in closely with the results from the analysis of the leaks during the period 2008 to 2011. Verification of critical activities is the single operational barrier that has failed most commonly. The paper also discusses the risk reduction principles in a barrier context, with emphasis on operational barriers, as well as some of the challenges that the work is faced with.
A System Perspective on Organisational Learning
Authors: Tharaldsen J. E. , Wiig S.. , Østnes H. K. , Ersdal G.. , Hinderaker R. H. , Knudsen S.. , Lootz E.. , Hanson B. A. , Dybvig G.. , Lauridsen Ø.. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper examines organisational learning from a regulator perspective and claims the need for a system perspective to learning. A system perspective grasps the inter-organisational complexity which makes an important characteristic of the way work, safety and learning is organised in the petroleum sector. The purpose is to describe theoretical perspectives on organisational learning and our working model, demonstrate examples of regulatory activities addressing organisational learning and discuss organisational learning in a regulatory perspective. A system perspective to learning takes into consideration that learning takes place 1) between organisations and organisational units, 2) across different organisational levels, and that 3) learning is being restrained or promoted by various organisational, cultural and environmental aspects. In addition the intertwining of people, systems and processes has to be taken into account when trying to understand how learning happens and how learning manifests itself. Based on a literature review on organisational learning and learning with regards to safety, we propose a system model to organisational learning to illustrate this topic. The model and how it addresses learning and traces of learning will be discussed in relation to empirical data from a sector embracing survey and findings from four PSA audits. Finally, we will discuss factors that might facilitate or restrain organisational learning and implications of the study.
Bloodstream infection with Oligella ureolytica in a newborn infant: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Demir Tülin , Celenk Nuran 
Published: June 2014

Oligella species are small, Gram-negative, nonsaccharolytic aerobic rods or coccobacilli that are catalase and oxidase-positive, mostly isolated from the urinary tract and rarely from wounds, bloodstream infections, septic arthritis, or peritonitis.In this article, we report a case of O.ureolytica-related bloodstream infection in a newborn infant and we review the literature for previously reported cases of Oligella infections.