bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Relationships between Lightning, Cloud Microphysics, and Airborne Radar-Derived Storm Structure during Hurricane Karl (2010)
Authors: Reinhart Brad , Fuelberg Henry , Blakeslee Richard , Mach Douglas , Heymsfield Andrew , Bansemer Aaron , Durden Stephen L. , Tanelli Simone , Heymsfield Gerald , Lambrigtsen Bjorn 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This study explores relationships between lightning, cloud microphysics, and tropical cyclone (TC) storm structure in Hurricane Karl (16 September 2010) using data collected by the NASA DC-8 and Global Hawk (GH) aircraft during NASA’s Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment. The research capitalizes on the unique opportunity provided by GRIP to synthesize multiple datasets from two aircraft and analyze the microphysical and kinematic properties of an electrified TC. Five coordinated flight legs through Karl by the DC-8 and GH are investigated, focusing on the inner-core region (within 50 km of the storm center) where the lightning was concentrated and the aircraft were well coordinated. GRIP datasets are used to compare properties of electrified and nonelectrified inner-core regions that are related to the noninductive charging mechanism, which is widely accepted to explain the observed electric fields within thunderstorms. Three common characteristics of Karl’s electrified regions are identified: 1) strong updrafts of 10–20 m s−1, 2) deep mixed-phase layers indicated by reflectivities &gt;30 dBZ extending several kilometers above the freezing level, and 3) microphysical environments consisting of graupel, very small ice particles, and the inferred presence of supercooled water. These characteristics describe an environment favorable for in situ noninductive charging and, hence, TC electrification. The electrified regions in Karl’s inner core are attributable to a microphysical environment that was conducive to electrification because of occasional, strong convective updrafts in the eyewall.
Stigmatising attitudes towards people with mental disorders: A comparison of Australian health professionals with the general community
Authors: Reavley Nicola J , Mackinnon Andrew J , Morgan Amy J , Jorm Anthony F 
Published: August 2013

Objective: The aim of this paper was to explore attitudes towards people with mental disorders among Australian health professionals (psychiatrists, psychologists and general practitioners (GPs)) and to compare their attitudes with members of the general community. Methods: The study involved a postal survey of 518 GPs, 506 psychiatrists and 498 clinical psychologists and a telephone survey of 6019 members of the general community. Participants were given a case vignette describing a person with either depression, depression with suicidal thoughts, early schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or social phobia and two questionnaires to assess stigmatising attitudes (the Depression Stigma Scale and the Social Distance Scale). Exploratory structural equation modelling was used to elucidate the structure of stigma as measured by the two scales, to establish dimensions of stigma and to compare patterns of association according to gender, age, vignette and professional grouping. Results: The measurement characteristics of stigmatising attitudes in health professionals were found to be comparable to those in members of the general community in social distance and also in personal and perceived attitude stigma, with each forming distinct dimensions and each comprising ‘Weak-not-sick’ and ‘Dangerous/unpredictable’ components. Among health professionals, female gender, age and being a GP were associated with higher scores on the personal stigma scales. Mental health professionals had lower scores on the personal ‘Weak-not-sick’ and ‘Dangerous/unpredictable’ scales than members of the general community, while there were no significant differences in the desire for social distance between health professionals and the general community. Conclusions: While mental health professionals have less stigmatising attitudes than the general public, the greater beliefs in dangerousness and personal weakness by GPs should be addressed.
Prevalence and prognosis of schizophrenia in Jinuo people in China: A prospective 30-year follow-up study
Authors: Yang JianZhong , Kang ChuanYuan , Zeng Yong , Li JianHua , Li PeiKai , Wan WenPeng , Zhao XuDong , Guo WanJun , Xu XiuFeng , Yang XiaoBin , Li QiuYuan , Liu XiaoYan , Pauline Sung-Chan 
Published: August 2013

Background: There are few studies investigating the influence of the development on mental health of minorities in China. Aims: To follow up the prevalence, natural course and prognosis of schizophrenia in Jinuo people, the last group to be recognized as a ‘national minority’ in China, every 10 years since 1979. Methods: From 1979 to 2009, 15%–19% of Jinuo residents were evaluated by random cluster sampling and followed up every 10 years using the Chinese version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) as the screening tool and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) as diagnostic criteria tool. Results: There were no significant differences for the lifetime prevalence and current prevalence of schizophrenia across the three decades. Neither were there any significant differences for the prognosis of schizophrenia; however, at least half the patients had deteriorated or had residual symptoms in the follow-up. PANSS symptoms were significantly different according to different illness duration. Conclusions: During the three decades, there was no increasing trend for schizophrenia prevalence in Jinuo society; however, the prognosis of schizophrenia was not optimistic. In the natural, untreated status, schizophrenia patients with an illness duration of more than 20 years had more serious symptoms.
Uterine artery embolization in single symptomatic leiomyoma: do anatomical imaging criteria predict clinical presentation and long-term outcome?
Authors: Koesters Clemens , Powerski Maciej J , Froeling Vera , Kroencke Thomas J , Scheurig-Muenkler Christian 
Published: August 2013

Background Uterine artery embolization (UAE) has proven to be an effective treatment alternative for women suffering from symptomatic uterine leiomyomas. However, long-term clinical evaluation reveals treatment failure in approximately 25% of patients. To cope with the great variability in the extent of leiomyoma disease former studies are based on the simplifying assumption that the largest leiomyoma mainly causes the symptoms. Purpose To evaluate whether anatomical characteristics in women with a single symptomatic leiomyoma influence clinical presentation and outcome after UAE. Material and Methods Ninety-one patients with a single leiomyoma underwent UAE. Age, uterine and fibroid volume, fibroid location, and clinical symptoms (bleeding- and/or bulk-related symptoms) were documented. The need for reinterventions (i.e. repeat UAE, hysterectomy, myomectomy) and unchanged or worsened symptoms after UAE were classified as treatment failure (TF). Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 48–72 h after UAE was available in 38 women. The rate of fibroid infarction was determined and patients were assigned to one of three groups: complete (100%), almost complete (90–99%), or partial infarction (<90%). Cox regression analysis (CRA) was used to determine the influence of morphological and clinical parameters on outcome. Results Follow-up was available in 79/91 (87%) women (median age, 42 years; range, 33–56 years) at a median of 5 years (range, 3.1–9.2 years) after UAE. Anatomical leiomyoma criteria neither connected to specific clinical presentation nor influenced clinical outcome. Younger women showed a higher risk for TF with every year older lowering the risk by the factor of 0.86 ( P = 0.024). Subgroup analysis showed predictive value of fibroid infarction with a cumulative survival free from TF of 91% for complete vs. 0% for partial infarction ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Even in women with single leiomyomas, anatomical criteria do not specify clinical presentation or predict clinical outcome. Younger patient age and incomplete fibroid infarction relate to higher rates of TF.
An FP-CIT PET comparison of the difference in dopaminergic neuronal loss in subtypes of early Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Song In-Uk , Chung Yong-An , Oh Jin-Kyoung , Chung Sung-Woo 
Published: August 2013

Background Patients with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD) have slower disease progression, show less cognitive decline, and have more favorable outcomes than patients with non-tremor PD. However, the pathophysiology of PD tremor remains unclear. Whether there are differences in nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction between the two PD subtypes is unknown. Purpose To evaluate the differences in regional dopamine transporter (DAT) density in the brain between different subtypes of early PD using FP-CIT PET/CT. Material and Methods We recruited 43 patients with PD (21 tremor-dominant PD [TP] and 22 non-tremor-dominant PD [NTP]) and 18 age-matched healthy controls. All patients with PD underwent FP-CIT PET/CT imaging and evaluated Parkinsonian motor severity by using the Hoehn and Yahr stage and Part III of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). We also compared tremor and non-tremor symptoms with motor phenotype scores between two subtypes of PD. Results All patients with PD demonstrated a significantly decreased FP-CIT uptake in the putamen compared to healthy controls. Differences in putamen FP-CIT uptake versus caudate nucleus FP-CIT uptake in PD showed putamen uptake was significantly more impaired than that in the caudate nucleus. However, there was no significant difference in FP-CIT uptake in the striatum between both PD groups at the same early stage of disease. Conclusion We suggest that differential of DAT uptake in the striatum did not allow for a reliable separation of subtypes into tremor-dominant and non-tremor-dominant, especially in the early stages of PD. Therefore, we assumed that many systems besides the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system are involved in the generation of tremors in PD.
Treatment Outcomes of Single- Versus Double-Row Repair for Larger Than Medium-Sized Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Kim Young Kyu , Moon Sung Hoon , Cho Seung Hyun 
Published: August 2013

Background: In rotator cuff repair, no practical guidelines exist for deciding which technique is the most beneficial to outcomes. Purpose: To determine which of 2 repair techniques, the single-row (SR) and double-row suture bridge (DR-SB) methods, leads to better therapeutic outcomes in terms of remnant tendon length in patients with larger than medium-sized cuff tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Remnant tendon length, muscle atrophy, and fatty degeneration were measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 78 patients with larger than medium-sized rotator cuff tears who were available for follow-up MRI. There were 30 patients with remnant tendons <10 mm in length (group 1) and 48 with remnant tendons ≥10 mm in length (group 2). In group 1, the SR technique was performed on 17 patients and the DR-SB technique on 13 patients. In group 2, the SR technique was performed on 16 patients and the DR-SB technique on 32 patients. The mean follow-up period for all patients was 26.6 months (range, 24-42 months). Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Constant, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores. Results: In group 1, there was 1 retear (6%) with the SR repair and 6 (46%) with the DR-SB repair. In group 2, there were 3 retears (19%) with the SR repair and 2 (6%) with the DR-SB repair. The retear rate was significantly higher in patients with the DR-SB repair in group 1 ( P = .025), while there was no significant difference between the 2 techniques in group 2 ( P = .316). The UCLA and Constant scores were significantly higher in patients with the SR repair in group 1 ( P = .02 and P = .029, respectively), and the UCLA and ASES scores were significantly higher in patients with the DR-SB repair in group 2 ( P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). Conclusion: Remnant tendon length should be considered to improve repair integrity. The SR technique may provide superior rotator cuff integrity when remnant tendons are <10 mm in length.
Multiple Channeling Improves the Structural Integrity of Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Jo Chris Hyunchul , Shin Ji Sun , Park In Woong , Kim Hyang , Lee Seung Yeon 
Published: August 2013

Background: Multiple channeling is a straightforward additional procedure for rotator cuff repair that creates multiple channels in the greater tuberosity, through which bone marrow of the proximal humerus communicates with the repair site. Purpose: To investigate the effect of multiple channeling on clinical and structural outcomes of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 124 patients with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear were included in the study. Fifty-seven patients underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with multiple channeling (the multiple channeling group) and 67 without it (the conventional group). Analysis of surface markers was performed to characterize the cells recruited by multiple channeling using flow cytometry. Clinical outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years after surgery (average, 36.79 ± 13.69 months) with respect to pain, range of motion, muscle strength, overall satisfaction, and commonly used functional scores. At a minimum of 9 months after surgery, structural integrity was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography arthrography. Results: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative for CD45 could be isolated and cultured from bone marrow mononuclear cells of the proximal humerus. Clinical outcomes, including pain, range of motion, strength, overall satisfaction, and functional scores, showed no statistical difference between the 2 groups (all P > .05). The retear rate of the multiple channeling group (22.2%) was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (45.2%) ( P = .023). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that multiple channeling significantly decreased the retear rate after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, probably via the recruitment of endogenous MSCs from the proximal humerus. Although the results did not show significant differences in the clinical outcomes between the 2 groups, better clinical outcomes might be anticipated in the multiple channeling group via improved structural integrity in a long-term follow-up.
rhEGF-containing thermosensitive and mucoadhesive polymeric sol–gel for endoscopic treatment of gastric ulcer and bleeding
Authors: Maeng Jin Hee , So Jung Won , Kim Jungju , Kim In Ae , Jung Ji Hoon , Min Kyunghyun , Lee Don Haeng , Yang Su-Geun 
Published: August 2013

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a standard diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal ulcers and cancer. In this study, we have developed recombinant human epidermal growth factor-containing ulcer-coating polymeric sol–gel for endoscopic application. Chitosan and pluronic F127 were employed for their thermoresponsive and bioadhesive properties. At temperatures below 21℃, polymeric sol–gel remains liquid during endoscopic application and transforms to gel at body temperature after application on ulcers. In an in vitro cellular wounding assay, recombinant human epidermal growth factor sol–gel significantly enhanced the cell migration and decreased the wounding area (68%) compared to nontreated, recombinant human epidermal growth factor solution, and sol–gel without recombinant human epidermal growth factor (42, 49, and 32 % decreased at day 1). The in vivo ulcer-healing study was performed in an acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model and proved that our recombinant human epidermal growth factor endoscopic sol–gel facilitated the ulcer-healing process more efficiently than the other treatments. Ulcer sizes in the recombinant human epidermal growth factor sol–gel group were decreased 2.9- and 2.1-fold compared with those in the nontreated group on days 1 and 3 after ulceration, respectively. The mucosal thickness in the recombinant human epidermal growth factor sol–gel group was significantly increased compared to that in the nontreated group (3.2- and 6.9-fold on days 1 and 3 after ulceration, respectively). In a gastric retention study, recombinant human epidermal growth factor sol–gel stayed on the gastric mucosa more than 2 h after application. The present study suggests that recombinant human epidermal growth factor sol–gel is a prospective candidate for treating gastric ulcers via endoscopic application.
Influence of Common Associated Forefoot Disorders on Preoperative Quality of Life in Patients With Hallux Valgus
Authors: Gines-Cespedosa Alberto , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Sanchez Juan Francisco , Leal-Blanquet Joan , Rigol Pau , Puig Lluís , de Zabala Santiago 
Published: August 2013

Background: Hallux valgus (HV) is frequently associated with other forefoot disorders, but its influence on preoperative quality of life (QOL) has not been well characterized. The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of common associated forefoot disorders (metatarsalgia and lesser toe deformities) on preoperative QOL in patients with HV. Methods: Preoperative QOL assessed through the Short Form–36 (SF-36, version 2) was obtained from 94 patients with HV from a database. Patients were classified according to their condition: HV alone, HV and metatarsalgia, HV and lesser toe deformities, and HV and both metatarsalgia and lesser toe deformities. Values of each domain were compared among groups. In addition, a correlational study between SF-36 and radiographic severity of HV was performed. The mean age of the 94 patients was 62.6 ± 12.3 years. There were 42.6% patients with HV alone, 30.8% with HV and metatarsalgia, 16% with HV and lesser toe deformities, and 10.6% with HV and both metatarsalgia and lesser toe deformities. Results: Patients with HV and associated metatarsalgia and lesser toe deformities had significantly worse physical function ( P = .029), role-physical ( P = .017), bodily pain ( P = .045), role-emotional ( P = .016), mental health ( P = .001), and mental component summary ( P = .003) compared to patients with HV alone. There were no significant correlations between radiographic HV and intermetatarsal angles and any of the domains or summaries of the SF-36. Conclusion: Patients with HV and both metatarsalgia and lesser toe deformities have significantly worse QOL compared to patients with HV alone. The presence of associated forefoot deformities may be a discriminating factor for the prioritization of surgical treatment of HV. Level of Evidence: Level III, cross-sectional study.
Pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia-related nephrotic range proteinuria
Authors: Brown RA , Kemp GJ , Walkinshaw SA , Howse MLP 
Published: August 2013

Objective To examine the impact of nephrotic range proteinuria during pregnancy on renal, maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods A retrospective study of pregnant women with proteinuria greater than 3 g/24 h. Outcome measures included: gestation and mode of delivery, maternal high dependency unit admission, birth weight, maternal blood pressure and proteinuria at time of last follow-up, renal biopsy. Results Two hundred and sixty four pregnancies in 262 women were reviewed. Postnatal data were available in 180; of these 104 (57%) had urinary protein quantified postnatally. Sixty three (60%) were pure preeclampsia and nine (9%) super-imposed preeclampsia. Biopsy-proven renal disease was newly diagnosed in nine (9%). Sixty three per cent required caesarean section and 34% required high dependency unit admission. There were no maternal deaths. Birth weight corrected for gestation was below the fifth centile in 33%. Conclusions The incidence of underlying renal pathology in this cohort is significant and highlights the importance of careful follow-up.
Should we think about wrist extensor after flexor tendon repair?
Authors: Ferreira Aline M , Fonseca Marisa CR , Tanaka Denise M , Barbosa Rafael I , Marcolino Alexandre M , Elui Valeria MC , Mazzer Nilton 
Published: August 2013

Objective: To evaluate the activity of wrist extensor muscle, correlating with wrist motion during gripping after flexor tendon repair. Design: Cross-sectional clinical measurement study. Setting: Laboratory for biomechanics and rehabilitation. Subjects: A total of 11 patients submitted to rehabilitation by early passive motion of the fingers with wrist flexion position were evaluated after 8 weeks of fingers flexor tendon repair and 11 healthy volunteers, all ranging from 20 to 37 years of age. Intervention: Volunteers performed an isometric standardized gripping task. Main measures: We used electrogoniometry to analyze wrist range of motion and surface electromyography, considering 100% maximum voluntary contraction to represent the amplitude of electromyographic activity of the extensor carpi radialis and flexor digitorum superficialis. Results: Patients with flexor tendon repair showed co-activation deficit between wrist extensor (extensor carpi radialis) and flexor finger muscles (flexor digitorum superficialis) during gripping in the intermediate phase of rehabilitation, despite some recovering mobility for wrist extension ( p ≤ 0.05). A moderate correlation between range of motion and extensor carpi radialis was present only for injured group ( r = 0.32). Total active motion score, which represents finger active excursion, was regular or poor in 65% of cases, all with nerve repair associated. Conclusion: Wrist extensors have an important synergist role at handgrip, although some imbalance can be present after flexor tendon repair. These preliminary findings suggest that emphasis could be directed to add synergistic wrist motion in rehabilitation protocols after flexor tendon repair. Future studies with early active rehabilitation are necessary.
BCL-2 inhibition with ABT-737 prolongs survival in an NRAS/BCL-2 mouse model of AML by targeting primitive LSK and progenitor cells
Authors: Beurlet Stephanie , Omidvar Nader , Gorombei Petra , Krief Patricia , Le Pogam Carole , Setterblad Niclas , de la Grange Pierre , Leboeuf Christophe , Janin Anne , Noguera Maria-Elena , Hervatin Florence , Sarda-Mantel Laure , Konopleva Marina , Andreeff Michael , Tu Andrea W. , Fan Alice C. , Felsher Dean W. , Whetton Anthony , Pla Marika , West Robert , Fenaux Pierre , Chomienne Christine , Padua Rose Ann 
Published: August 2013

Key Points
BCL-2 homology domain 3 mimetic inhibitor ABT-737 targets leukemia initiating cells and progenitors. Dephosphorylates RAS signaling proteins and regulates proliferation and differentiation genes detected by gene expression profiling.
Diminutive somatic deletions in the 5q region lead to a phenotype atypical of classical 5q− syndrome
Authors: Vlachos Adrianna , Farrar Jason E. , Atsidaftos Eva , Muir Ellen , Narla Anupama , Markello Thomas C. , Singh Sharon A. , Landowski Michael , Gazda Hanna T. , Blanc Lionel , Liu Johnson M. , Ellis Steven R. , Arceci Robert J. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Bodine David M. , Lipton Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2013

Key PointsSmall deletions in the RPS14 region of 5q must be considered in atypical 5q− syndrome and nonclassical Diamond Blackfan anemia.