bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte activation markers predict the therapeutic response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case–control study
Authors: Iwamoto Takuya , Fujimoto Hajime , Kobayashi Tetsu , Gabazza Esteban C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReports on changes in circulating immune cells induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their association with therapeutic responses are limited. This study aimed to analyze the interaction between ICIs and circulating blood cells in real‐world practice and identify biomarkers associated with therapeutic efficacy.Materials and MethodsPatients with non‐small cell lung cancer who received nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab monotherapy were eligible. Blood samples were collected before and 7–21, and 22–42 days after treatment, and changes in the number and characteristics of neutrophils and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were analyzed. The efficacy of ICIs was evaluated based on the best overall response up to 3 months after treatment. The patients were divided into the following groups: patients with non‐progressive disease (non‐PD) and those with progressive disease (PD). Blood immunological factors related to treatment response were analyzed.ResultsThere were 16 and 27 patients in the non‐PD and PD groups, respectively. The non‐PD group had significantly lower pretreatment CD56+ cell (CD56+ IFN‐γ+ cell), and neutrophil counts at 7–21 days after ICI administration than the PD group. Additionally, there was a significant increase in CD8+ IFN‐γ+, and CD8+CD28+ IFN‐γ+ T‐cell counts 7–21 days after ICI administration in the non‐PD group. CD8+CD28+IFN‐γ+ T‐cell count greater than 94.6 cells/μL at 7–21 days after ICI administration was highly predictive with an AUC greater than 0.8 in the ROC curve analysis.ConclusionsPredictors of disease progression include a low activated CD56+ cell count, no increase in the neutrophil count before ICI therapy, and an increase of activated CD8+ cell count early after ICI administration. The findings will contribute to selecting patients with a favorable therapeutic response and early prediction of therapeutic response to ICI.
Quality‐of‐life comparison between intensity‐modulated proton therapy and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Preliminary findings from real‐world data
Authors: Wu Ching‐Nung , Wang Yu‐Ming , Chen Wei‐Chih , Wang Jung‐Der , Li Shau‐Hsuan , Hwang Chung‐Feng , Lin Yun‐Hsuan , Luo Sheng‐Dean , Lin Chung‐Ying 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited data are available to examine the effects of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT) on patient‐reported outcomes in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Thus, we assessed whether patients receiving IMPT reported a better short‐term quality of life (QoL) than those receiving volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT).MethodsWe consecutively invited newly diagnosed NPC patients who had undergone standard treatment protocol within 2 years post‐radiotherapy at our institute between 2021 and 2023 to participate in the observational study. All participants completed the EuroQol five‐dimension, World Health Organization Quality‐of‐Life—Brief, Sinonasal Outcome Test 22, Eustachian Tube Dysfunction Questionnaire‐7, and Eating Assessment Tool‐10 (EAT‐10) questionnaires. QoL functions were estimated using a kernel‐smoothing method. A linear mixed model introducing the inverse probability of treatment weighting was constructed to estimate the effect of IMPT versus VMAT.ResultsWe identified 94 patients who completed 120 QoL assessments. Participants receiving IMPT were younger and had higher levels of education and higher household income. QoL functions showed that post‐treatment EAT‐10 scores consistently appeared significantly lower for IMPT than VMAT. After adjusting for factors including age, gender, education, household income, and cancer stages, patients receiving IMPT consistently showed significantly better QoL scores in EAT‐10, indicative of a medium effect. Additionally, factors such as age, household income level, and treatment regimen might influence either generic or condition‐specific QoL.ConclusionsPatients receiving IMPT demonstrated potentially improved eating‐related QoL compared to those receiving VMAT within a 2‐year post‐radiotherapy period. However, larger head‐to‐head comparison studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Hepatoprotective Lignan Glycosides from the Leaves and Stems of Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore
Authors: Giang Le Thi , Park SeonJu , Lee Sion , Seo Yohan , Van Kiem Phan , Tai Bui Huu , Hang Nguyen Thi Minh , Thao Vu Mai , Van Cuong Pham , Ban Ninh Khac , Cuong Nguyen The , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study investigates Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore leaves and stems, commonly known as Symplocos, a plant indigenous to Asia renowned for its traditional use in holistic medicine. A comprehensive phytochemical analysis of S. cochinchinensis led to the isolation of two new lignans, namely symplolignans A and B (1 and 2) along with eleven known lignan glucosides: nortrachelogenin 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), nortracheloside (4), matairesinol 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5), lariciresinol 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (6), balanophonin 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (7), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (8), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol γ′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (9), 3‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxymethyl)‐2‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)‐5‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐7‐methoxy‐(2R,3S)‐dihydrobenzofura (10), and pinoresinol 4′‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (11). Their chemical structures were elucidated using 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, mass spectrometry, and their spectroscopic data were compared with those reported in literatures. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their hepatoprotective effects using the Resazurin reduction assay in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Compounds 1, 5, 7, and 8 exhibited notable hepatoprotective efficacy, with cell viability ranging from 105.0±2.6 to 109.2±3.3 at a concentration of 10 μM. This research highlights the therapeutic potential of these compounds and enhanced to the understanding of lignans and neolignans in liver cell proliferation.
Exploration of the Mechanisms of Bu‐Yang‐Huan‐Wu Decoction in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Integrating of Serum Pharmacochemistry and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Chen Peng‐Fei , Huang Guang‐Xiao , Gu Wen‐Ting , Zhuang Guo‐Dong , Chen Chong , Wang Shu‐Mei , Tang Dan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDiabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a significant and frequent complication of diabetes. Bu‐Yang‐Huan‐Wu Decoction (BHD) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal prescription that is commonly used in modern clinical practice for the effective treatment of DPN, but the underlying mechanism is not yet clearly defined. The chemical constituents of BHD were characterized by UPLC‐Q‐Orbitrap HR MS/MS, and a total of 101 chemical components were identified, including 30 components absorbed into blood. An interaction network of “compound‐target‐disease” interactions was constructed based on the compounds detected absorbed in blood and their corresponding targets of diabetic neuropathy acquired from disease gene databases, and the possible biological targets and potential signalling pathways of BHD were predicted via network pharmacology analysis. Subsequently, methylglyoxal‐induced (MGO‐induced) Schwann cells (SCs) were used to identify the active ingredients in blood components of BHD and verify the molecular mechanisms of BHD. Through network topological analysis, 30 shared targets strongly implicated in the anti‐DPN effects of BHD were identifed. Combined network pharmacology and in vitro cellular analysis, we found that the active ingredient of BHD may treat DPN by modulating the AGEs/RAGE pathway. This study provides valuable evidence for future mechanistic studies and potential therapeutic applications for patients with DPN.
Talaromyces marneffei: A challenging diagnosis in a kidney transplant patient
Authors: Luo Sulin , Yan Pengpeng , Wang Xingxia , Ren Xue , Sun Ke , Guo Luying , Lv Junhao , Su Xinhui , Zhao Kui , Chen Jianghua , Wang Rending 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIn addition to post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders, it is necessary to be alert to the drug‐resistant bacteria or fungal infection, especially Talaromyces marneffei, in kidney transplant patients who have failed antibiotic treatment and whose PET‐CT indicates high metabolic mass in the transplanted kidney with a large number of other organs and lymph nodes.AbstractTalaromyces marneffei (TM) is a rare pathogenic fungus that primarily affects individuals with compromised immune systems. Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are serious complications that can occur after solid organ and cell transplantation. Both TM infection and PTLD can invade the monocyte–macrophage system and often manifest as extranodal masses. This case report describes a kidney transplant patient who presented with symptoms of frequent, urgent, and painful urination over 6 months. Pulmonary CT scans revealed multiple nodules, and PET‐CT demonstrated enlarged lymph nodes in the lungs and the transplanted kidney. The clinical manifestations closely mimicked those of PTLD. The confirmation of TM was achieved through pathogen metagenomic next‐generation sequencing and renal biopsy. Unfortunately, despite receiving treatment with antifungal agents, anti‐infective therapy, the patient's condition did not respond favorably, ultimately resulting in their unfortunate demise due to COVID‐19.
Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing in the early diagnosis of leptospirosis infection presenting as acalculous cholecystitis and septic shock in a non‐epidemic area after typhoons: A case report
Authors: Han Xueying , Huang Bihan , Yang Lilei , Wu Jinglan , Zhang Haigang 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageLeptospirosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. Due to nonspecific clinical manifestation and poor recognition in non‐epidemic area, there is often a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis from Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing test is crucial for timely intervention.AbstractWe presented a case of a 19‐year‐old male patient who developed leptospirosis infection characterized by acalculous cholecystitis and septic shock after typhoon events. Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) helped to early diagnose leptospirosis infection. Finally, the patient achieved full recovery following the antibiotic treatment in addition to supportive care and was discharged.
Radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma at the base of the coracoid process: Report of two cases
Authors: Babaei Mohammad Reza , Gharepapagh Esmaeil , Alamdari Amir Honarmand , Jalili Javad , Mohammadi Amin , Karbasi Mahsa , Rezaei Sahar 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIf you encounter an unexplained case of bone marrow edema in a young patient, consider the possibility of osteoid osteoma (OO). Even in the presence of a nidus near vital structures, RFA can safely be used to treat OO.
Post cataract surgery refractive surprise due to intraocular lens mislabeling
Authors: Shokoohi Rad Saeed , Ansari Astaneh Mohammad Reza , Kiarudi Mohammad Yaser , Ghavami Shahri Seyed Hossein , Heidarzadeh Hamid Reza 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageIf an intraocular lens (IOL) is incorrectly labeled, problems can arise for surgeons and patients. Precise biometry is important to accurately determine the IOL power and prevent the implantation of the wrong IOL. Labeling and verifying IOLs with accuracy is crucial to ensuring the best possible results of cataract surgery.AbstractMislabeling of IOLs can cause unpredictable problems for surgeons. However, we can prevent incorrect IOLs by using precise biometry to determine accurate IOL power and safely implant the correct IOL. A 50‐year‐old female with no medical or ocular history came to our clinic complaining of decreased vision in both eyes that had been ongoing for several months. After being diagnosed with cataracts, primary angle closure suspect, and high hyperopia, the patient underwent phacoemulsification surgery. A posterior chamber IOL was implanted, and visco‐goniosynechialysis was performed. During follow‐up appointments, it was discovered that the patient had an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/50 in her right eye, which was corrected to 20/20 with a + 7.00 D lens. Upon further evaluation, it was determined that the source of the error was due to a manufacturing mislabeling of the IOL power. The patient then underwent successful IOL exchange surgery, and her best‐corrected visual acuity became 20/20 with no significant refraction. This case highlights an uncommon source of refractive surprise after phacoemulsification surgery, successfully managed with IOL exchange surgery using the same IOL power from a different brand.
Cancrum oris and hemiparesis in a young female patient—a case report
Authors: Ngokwe Zilefac Brian , Gimel Nokam Kamdem Stephane , Ntep David Bienvenue Ntep , Kalla Ginette Claude Mireille , Messanga Charles Bengondo 
Published: June 2024

Key Clinical MessageNoma is still around today and can be deadly if ignored. Prompt identification and comprehensive care are essential for averting permanent impairments and disfigurements.AbstractNoma is a rapid developing orofacial gangrene and a disabling disease that primarily affects young children who live in dangerous conditions. Underlying diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malnutrition can enhance the likelihood of Noma's emergence. This is a case of a 9‐year‐old girl patient who arrived malnourished and with an ulcerating communicating right mandibular soft tissue lesion as well as right hemiparesis which had an acute onset. The patient was likewise HIV positive discovered upon admission, possibly as a result of vertical transmission, and was an ART (antiretroviral therapy) treatment naive patient. A holistic treatment plan was installed and a positive clinical response was observed. Early treatment is key in Noma management.
Exploring B‐site Doping in LaFeO3 Perovskites for Superior ORR Performance in Acidic and Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Nandikes Gopa , Pathak Pankaj , Singh Lakhveer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent times, perovskite oxides have recognized to be an ideal alternative to platinum‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts due to their excellent stability, cost‐effectiveness, and tailorable properties. Herein, an ABO3 type LaFeO3 perovskite was doped at its B‐site to form electrochemically active LaFeB′O6 (B′=Cr, Zn, Co) by one‐pot hydrothermal synthesis process. Due to the synergistic effects of increased surface area and electrochemically active sites, Cr‐doped LaFeO3 largely improves the mass transfer kinetics for ORR in both conditions, alkaline (0.1 M KOH) and acidic (0.5 M H2SO4) with a positive onset Eon of 0.80 and 0.81 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Similarly, a half‐wave (E1/2) potential of 0.68 and 0.63 V (vs Ag/AgCl), which was comparable to the commercial 20 % Pt/C. Moreover, the La‐based perovskites were able to catalyze ORR with an electron transfer number (n)>3.6 signifying the superior 4‐electron pathway. Doped and undoped LaFeO3 exhibited remarkable stability in the chronoamperometry studies with a relative current of 92–95 % sustained over 8 h. Additionally, the La‐based electrocatalysts was unaffected by the crossover effect of methanol in both acidic and basic conditions, contrary to the commercial 20 % Pt/C. The present work serves as a useful strategy to maximize the efficiency and reliability in perovskites for energy‐related electrocatalytic applications and for alternative fuel generation.
Septin complexes: Ahead of the curve
Authors: Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Parkhurst Susan M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIndividual cells have robust repair systems to survive cell cortex damage caused by mechanical and chemical stresses, allowing them to maintain the integrity of tissues and organs. The contraction of an actomyosin ring at the wound edge is a major mechanism for physically closing the cell wound. In contrast to polymerization and bundling of actin filaments, little is known about how linear actin filaments are bent to be integrated into the actin ring structure encircling the wound edge. We recently found that the five Drosophila Septins function simultaneously in the regulation of actomyosin ring assembly, contraction, and disassembly during cell wound repair. These Septins form two distinct complexes—Sep1‐Sep2‐Pnut and Sep4‐Sep5‐Pnut—composed of different subunits from the same groups. Strikingly, these two distinct Septin complexes have different degrees of F‐actin bending activities that are consistent with their spatial recruitment: different degrees of curved actin filaments are required for the robust formation of different regions of the actomyosin ring. In addition, we found that the two Septin complexes are regulated by different molecular pathways as a loss of Anillin only affects Sep1‐Sep2‐Pnut complex recruitment. These findings open new directions for how individual Septin subunits form complexes and function differentially in cellular and developmental processes.
Bioinspired L‐Lysine‐Doped Polydopamine for Preventing and Treating UV‐Induced Skin Damage
Authors: Zhu Pengqi , Niu Zhuangzhuang , Gao Caifang , Liu Yuqin , Li Gang , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Ruiping , Sun Jinghua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExcessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes a series of adverse effects on human skin, such as erythema and tanning due to the produce of endogenous melanin of human skin. Inspired by the self‐defense mechanism of human skin to prevent UV radiation damage, we construct a natural and biocompatible Carb@PDA−L sunscreen hydrogel by doping melanin‐like L‐lysine doped polydopamine (PDA−L) to biocompatible poly‐γ‐glutamic acid based hydrogel matrix Carb, which displays good biosafety, efficient UV shielding performance and excellent antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory performance in the application of the skin protection of sun and repair after sunburn. The melanin‐like PDA−L can be synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of dopamine triggered by L‐lysine under alkali‐free condition, which exhibits increase absorption intensity in the UV region and better reactive oxygen species removal performance compared with undoped polydopamine in the perspective of a UV absorber. Meanwhile, PDA−L, as the synthetic analogue of natural melanin, has good biosafety, which can avoid the skin oxidative damage and penetrative toxicity of the conventional sunscreen.
Emerging horizons in cancer therapy: Squamous transition drives drug resistance
Authors: Zhang Ningxia , Tong Xinyuan , Ji Hongbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAdeno‐to‐squamous transition (AST) has emerged as a driver of targeted therapy resistance. Studies of KRAS/LKB1‐mutant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have revealed the progressive acquisition of squamous signatures during treatment with KRAS inhibitors, ultimately inducing drug resistance. Moreover, the expression of squamous‐related gene KRT6A in adenocarcinoma (ADC) correlates with poor responses to KRAS inhibitors. In this commentary, we discuss the role of AST in drug resistance and propose future directions to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.Key points
Adeno‐to‐squamous transition (AST) drives targeted therapy resistance.
Progressive plasticity is acquired during Adeno‐to‐squamous transition (AST).
Unveiling the complex networks of urban tree diversity research: A global perspective
Authors: Xie Chunping , Chen Shuifei , Liu Dawei , Jim Chi Yung 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEcosystem services offered by urban forests must be proactively managed to remain diverse and sustainable. Recent research findings deserve a systematic synthesis to elucidate inherent knowledge structures and dynamics. This study focused on the urban tree diversity theme from 2000 to 2022. Web of Science Core Collection database provided bibliometric details on academic publications. The data‐driven quantitative analysis explored research quantities, emphasis, trends, patterns, linkages, and impacts by countries, institutions, authors, journals, and citations. Publications and research topics have expanded continually, with accelerated growth in recent years. Research activities, outputs and interactions demonstrated conspicuous spatial clustering. A few countries, institutions and researchers generated a notable proportion of publications. Their scholarly contributions were visualized in knowledge graphs as complex networks of nodes and inter‐node links. Keyword analysis generated a network to indicate research hotspots and frontiers to steer and prioritize future studies. Recent findings affirmed that cities can harbor substantial tree diversity due to enhanced habitat heterogeneity and successful species adaptation. Aligning tree traits with environmental conditions and management objectives can improve benefits. Urbanization can filter tree traits to shape community assemblages through stressors: habitat degradation, fragmentation and loss, in conjunction with pollution, climate change, and introduced species. Diversity preservation strategies include protecting remnant natural vegetation, connecting green spaces, and restoring complex canopy geometry and biomass structure. The emerging frontiers are marked by modeling future species distributions, leveraging technologies like remote sensing, linking ecology with human values, and committing to community‐based stewardship. Management can be upgraded by interdisciplinary perspectives integrating ecological science and social engagement. The findings highlight the need for biodiversity enrichment anchored by native species, trait‐matched assemblages, adaptive policies, and community participation to create livable‐green cities. This review synthesizes key advances in urban tree ecology and biodiversity research to inform the planning and stewardship of resilient urban forests.
Understanding woody plant encroachment: A plant functional trait approach
Authors: de Jonge Inger K. , Olff Han , Mayemba Emilian P. , Berger Stijn J. , Veldhuis Michiel P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe increasing density of woody plants threatens the integrity of grassy ecosystems. It remains unclear if such encroachment can be explained mostly by direct effects of resources on woody plant growth or by indirect effects of disturbances imposing tree recruitment limitation. Here, we investigate whether woody plant functional traits provide a mechanistic understanding of the complex relationships between these resource and disturbance effects. We first assess the role of rainfall, soil fertility, texture, and geomorphology to explain variation in woody plant encroachment (WPE) following livestock grazing and consequent fire suppression across the Serengeti ecosystem. Second, we explore trait‐environment relationships and how these mediate vegetation response to fire suppression. We find that WPE is strongest in areas with high soil fertility, high rainfall, and intermediate catena positions. These conditions also promote woody plant communities characterized by small stature and seed sizes smaller relative to a comparative baseline within the Serengeti ecosystem, alongside high recruit densities (linked to a recruitment‐stature trade‐off). The positioning of species along this “recruitment‐stature axis” predicted woody stem density increase in livestock sites. Structural equation modeling suggested a causal pathway where environmental factors shape the community trait composition, subsequently influencing woody recruit numbers. These numbers, in turn, predicted an area's vulnerability to WPE. Our study underscores the importance of trait‐environment relationships in predicting the impact of human alterations on local vegetation change. Understanding how environmental factors directly (resources) and indirectly (legacy effects and plant traits) determine WPE supports the development of process‐based ecosystem structure and function models.