bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fit-for-Work – or Work Fit for Disabled People? The Role of Changing Job Demands and Control in Incapacity Claims
Authors: BAUMBERG BEN 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt remains a puzzle as to why incapacity claims rose in many OECD countries when life expectancy was increasing. While potentially due to hidden unemployment and policy failure, this paper tests a further explanation: that work has become more difficult for disabled workers. It focuses on the UK as a ‘most likely’ case, given evidence of intensification and declining control at work. To get a more objective measure of working conditions, the models use average working conditions in particular occupations, and impute this into the British Household Panel Survey. The results show that people in low-control (but not high-demands) jobs are more likely to claim incapacity benefits in the following year, a result that is robust to a number of sensitivity analyses. Deteriorating job control seems to be a part of the explanation for rising incapacity, and strategies to cut the number of incapacity claimants should therefore consider ways to improve job control. Given the challenges in changing job characteristics, however, an equally important implication is that high levels of incapacity should not just be seen as a result of poor policies and a lack of jobs, but also as a result of the changing nature of work.
Early-life vitamin D deficiency and childhood-onset coeliac disease
Authors: Tanpowpong Pornthep , Camargo Carlos A 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany studies have investigated the aetiological roles of genetic and environmental factors in coeliac disease (CD) with the long-term goal of developing an effective primary prevention strategy. CD is a condition with dysregulated systemic and intestinal mucosal immune responses to dietary gluten proteins among genetically predisposed individuals. We recently described spring birth as a novel risk factor for CD in children. We believe that the association between season of birth and CD is due to seasonal differences in sunlight exposure and subsequent vitamin D status. Concomitant with global increases in CD prevalence, vitamin D deficiency also is increasingly recognized in children worldwide. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency can cause improper immune responses, abnormal intestinal mucosal integrity and impaired local defence to pathogenic microbial agents. In conjunction with other potential aetiological factors, we propose a hypothesis model of early-life vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of childhood-onset CD.
The thermal limits to life on Earth
Authors: Clarke Andrew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLiving organisms on Earth are characterized by three necessary features: a set of internal instructions encoded in DNA (software), a suite of proteins and associated macromolecules providing a boundary and internal structure (hardware), and a flux of energy. In addition, they replicate themselves through reproduction, a process that renders evolutionary change inevitable in a resource-limited world. Temperature has a profound effect on all of these features, and yet life is sufficiently adaptable to be found almost everywhere water is liquid. The thermal limits to survival are well documented for many types of organisms, but the thermal limits to completion of the life cycle are much more difficult to establish, especially for organisms that inhabit thermally variable environments. Current data suggest that the thermal limits to completion of the life cycle differ between the three major domains of life, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. At the very highest temperatures only archaea are found with the current high-temperature limit for growth being 122 °C. Bacteria can grow up to 100 °C, but no eukaryote appears to be able to complete its life cycle above ∼60 °C and most not above 40 °C. The lower thermal limit for growth in bacteria, archaea, unicellular eukaryotes where ice is present appears to be set by vitrification of the cell interior, and lies at ∼−20 °C. Lichens appear to be able to grow down to ∼−10 °C. Higher plants and invertebrates living at high latitudes can survive down to ∼−70 °C, but the lower limit for completion of the life cycle in multicellular organisms appears to be ∼−2 °C.
Ultrafast light induced unusually broad transient absorption in the sub-bandgap region of GeSe2 thin film
Authors: Barik A. R. , Bapna Mukund , Drabold D. A. , Adarsh K. V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we show for the first time that ultrafast light illumination can induce an unusually broad transient optical absorption (TA), spanning of ≈ 200 nm in the sub-bandgap region of chalcogenide GeSe2 thin films, which we interpret as being a manifestation of creation and annihilation of light induced defects. Further, TA in ultrashort time scales show a maximum at longer wavelength, however blue shifts as time evolves, which provides the first direct evidence of the multiple decay mechanisms of these defects. Detailed global analysis of the kinetic data clearly demonstrates that two and three decay constants are required to quantitatively model the experimental data at ps and ns respectively.
Rapid homeostasis by disinhibition during whisker map plasticity
Authors: Li Lu , Gainey Melanie A. , Goldbeck Joseph E. , Feldman Daniel E. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Neurons exhibit distinct homeostatic and Hebbian forms of plasticity that stabilize firing rate and adaptively alter synaptic input patterns, respectively. How these mechanisms are recruited in response to sensory experience in vivo is unclear. We studied plasticity in rodent somatosensory cortex, where the neural map of the whiskers adaptively changes to reflect sensory statistics but only after a prominent initial delay. By recording synaptic excitation and inhibition in vivo, we found that the delay reflects not a lack of plasticity but a rapid homeostasis, in which inhibition is powerfully reduced to offset the initial Hebbian reduction of whisker-evoked excitation. Thus, rapid homeostasis by disinhibition stabilizes the whisker map and precedes classical whisker map plasticity.
The EBI RDF platform: linked open data for the life sciences
Authors: Jupp Simon , Malone James , Bolleman Jerven , Brandizi Marco , Davies Mark , Garcia Leyla , Gaulton Anna , Gehant Sebastien , Laibe Camille , Redaschi Nicole , Wimalaratne Sarala M. , Martin Maria , Le Novère Nicolas , Parkinson Helen , Birney Ewan , Jenkinson Andrew M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Resource description framework (RDF) is an emerging technology for describing, publishing and linking life science data. As a major provider of bioinformatics data and services, the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) is committed to making data readily accessible to the community in ways that meet existing demand. The EBI RDF platform has been developed to meet an increasing demand to coordinate RDF activities across the institute and provides a new entry point to querying and exploring integrated resources available at the EBI.
Availability: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/rdf
Contact: jupp@ebi.ac.uk
The effectiveness of a seal scarer at a wild salmon net fishery
Authors: Harris R. N. , Harris C. M. , Duck C. D. , Boyd I. L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
During 2009 and 2010 an Acoustic Deterrent Device (ADD) was tested at a salmon bagnet. Treatment blocks when the ADD was either on or off were randomly assigned and observations were carried out from shore. During periods when the ADD was switched on, there were fewer seals observed and approximately a third more fish were landed per hour than when the ADD was switched off, these differences were both significant. Model results indicated that the higher fish landings when the ADD was operating were a direct result of the reduction in the number of seals in the vicinity of the net. Photo-identification of the seals resulted in ten grey seals and four harbour seals being identified, and showed that the majority of these were identified on one occasion, and that two grey seals made up 63% of the visits to the study area when individuals were identified. Seal-damaged fish were only found within the bagnet during off treatments. Overall, the ADD was found to be an effective seal deterrent. Refinement in the method of ADD deployment could further increase effectiveness.
p54nrb/NonO and PSF promote U snRNA nuclear export by accelerating its export complex assembly
Authors: Izumi Hiroto , McCloskey Asako , Shinmyozu Kaori , Ohno Mutsuhito 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The assembly of spliceosomal U snRNPs in metazoans requires nuclear export of U snRNA precursors. Four factors, nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), phosphorylated adaptor for RNA export (PHAX), the export receptor CRM1 and RanGTP, gather at the m7G-cap-proximal region and form the U snRNA export complex. Here we show that the multifunctional RNA-binding proteins p54nrb/NonO and PSF are U snRNA export stimulatory factors. These proteins, likely as a heterodimer, accelerate the recruitment of PHAX, and subsequently CRM1 and Ran onto the RNA substrates in vitro, which mediates efficient U snRNA export in vivo. Our results reveal a new layer of regulation for U snRNA export and, hence, spliceosomal U snRNP biogenesis.
Vortices and other topological solitons in dense quark matter
Authors: Eto Minoru , Hirono Yuji , Nitta Muneto , Yasui Shigehiro 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Dense quantum chromodynamic matter accommodates various kind of topological solitons such as vortices, domain walls, monopoles, kinks, boojums, and so on. In this review, we discuss various properties of topological solitons in dense quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and their phenomenological implications. Particular emphasis is placed on the topological solitons in the color–flavor-locked (CFL) phase, which exhibits both superfluidity and superconductivity. The properties of topological solitons are discussed in terms of effective field theories such as the Ginzburg–Landau theory, the chiral Lagrangian, or the Bogoliubov–de Gennes equation. The most fundamental string-like topological excitations in the CFL phase are non-Abelian vortices, which are 1/3 quantized superfluid vortices and color magnetic flux tubes. These vortices are created at a phase transition by the Kibble–Zurek mechanism or when the CFL phase is realized in compact stars, which rotate rapidly. The interaction between vortices is found to be repulsive and consequently a vortex lattice is formed in rotating CFL matter. Bosonic and fermionic zero-energy modes are trapped in the core of a non-Abelian vortex and propagate along it as gapless excitations. The former consists of translational zero modes (a Kelvin mode) with a quadratic dispersion and ${\mathbb {C}}P^2$ Nambu–Goldstone gapless modes with a linear dispersion, associated with the CFL symmetry spontaneously broken in the core of a vortex, while the latter is Majorana fermion zero modes belonging to the triplet of the symmetry remaining in the core of a vortex. The low-energy effective theory of the bosonic zero modes is constructed as a non-relativistic free complex scalar field and a relativistic ${\mathbb {C}}P^2$ model in 1+1 dimensions. The effects of strange quark mass, electromagnetic interactions, and non-perturbative quantum corrections are taken into account in the ${\mathbb {C}}P^2$ effective theory. Various topological objects associated with non-Abelian vortices are studied; colorful boojums at the CFL interface, the quantum color magnetic monopole confined by vortices, which supports the notion of quark–hadron duality, and Yang–Mills instantons inside a non-Abelian vortex as lumps are discussed. The interactions between a non-Abelian vortex and quasiparticles such as phonons, gluons, mesons, and photons are studied. As a consequence of the interaction with photons, a vortex lattice behaves as a cosmic polarizer. As a remarkable consequence of Majorana fermion zero modes, non-Abelian vortices are shown to behave as a novel kind of non-Abelian anyon. In the order parameters of chiral symmetry breaking, we discuss fractional and integer axial domain walls, Abelian and non-Abelian axial vortices, axial wall–vortex composites, and Skyrmions.
Significance of Starch Properties and Quantity on Sponge Cake Volume
Authors: Choi Hyun‐Wook , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the qualitative and quantitative effects of wheat starch on sponge cake (SC) baking quality. Twenty wheat flours, including soft white and club wheat of normal, partial waxy, and waxy endosperm, as well as hard wheat, were tested for amylose content, pasting properties, and SC baking quality. Starches isolated from wheat flours of normal, single‐null partial waxy, double‐null partial waxy, and waxy endosperm were also tested for pasting properties and baked into SC. Double‐null partial waxy and waxy wheat flours produced SC with volume of 828–895 mL, whereas volume of SC baked from normal and single‐null partial waxy wheat flours ranged from 1,093 to 1,335 mL. The amylose content of soft white and club wheat flour was positively related to the volume of SC (r = 0.790, P < 0.001). Pasting temperature, peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown, and setback also showed significant relationships with SC volume. Normal and waxy starch blends having amylose contents of 25, 20, 15, and 10% produced SCs with volume of 1,570, 1,435, 1,385, and 1,185 mL, respectively. At least 70 g of starch or at least 75% starch in 100 g of starch–gluten blend in replacement of 100 g of wheat flour in the SC baking formula was needed to produce SC having the maximum volume potential. Starch properties including amylose content and pasting properties as well as proportion of starch evidently play significant roles in SC baking quality of wheat flour.
Differences in Starch Granule Composition and Structure Influence In Vitro Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Grain Meal and Extracted Starch in Two Classes of Canadian Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ahuja Geetika , Jaiswal Sarita , Hucl Pierre , Chibbar Ravindra N. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTStarch granule composition and amylopectin structure affect starch digestibility, an important factor influencing wheat grain utilization for human food consumption. Six bread wheat cultivars with four belonging to the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) and two Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR) market classes were analyzed for the relationship between their grain constituents and in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. CPSR cultivars had higher starch and amylose concentrations compared with CWRS cultivars, which had a higher protein concentration. Starch granule size distribution did not differ among the genotypes, except AC Foremost, which had significantly (P < 0.05) higher volume percent of B‐type starch granules (≈15%) and lower volume percent of A‐type starch granules (≈9%) compared with other cultivars. Fluorophore‐assisted capillary electrophoresis revealed a lower content of R‐IV (DP 15–18, ≈6%) and a higher content of R‐VII (DP 37–45, ≈7%) chains in the CPSR cultivars compared with the CWRS cultivars. Starch in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis showed that compared with CWRS cultivars, the two CPSR cultivars had reduced amounts of readily digestible starch and higher amounts of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch. Consequently, the two CPSR cultivars also showed lower hydrolysis indexes in grain meal as well as extracted starch. CPSR cultivars, with higher starch and amylose concentrations, as well as a higher content of long chains of amylopectin, showed a reduced starch in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis rate.
Effects of Growing‐Up Milk Supplemented With Prebiotics and LCPUFAs on Infections in Young Children
Authors: Chatchatee Pantipa , Lee Way S. , Carrilho Eugenia , Kosuwon Pensri , Simakachorn Nipat , Yavuz Yalcin , Schouten Bastiaan , Graaff Patricia Logtens‐de , Szajewska Hania 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growing‐up milk (GUM) with added short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides (scGOS)/long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides (lcFOS) (9:1) (Immunofortis) and n‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) on the occurrence of infections in healthy children attending day care centres.Methods:In a randomised double‐blind controlled, parallel, multicountry intervention study, 767 healthy children, ages 11 to 29 months, received GUM with scGOS/lcFOS/LCPUFAs (the active group, n = 388), GUM without scGOS/lcFOS/LCPUFAs (the control group, n = 379), or cow's milk (n = 37) for 52 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the number of episodes of upper respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal infections based on a combination of subject's illness symptoms reported by the parents during the intervention period.Results:Children in the active group compared with the control group had a decreased risk of developing at least 1 infection (299/388 [77%] vs 313/379 [83%], respectively, relative risk 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–1.00; logistic regressionP= 0.03). There was a trend toward a reduction (P= 0.07) in the total number of infections in the active group, which was significant when confirmed by one of the investigators (268/388 [69%] vs 293/379 [77%], respectively, relative risk 0.89, 95% CI 0.82–0.97;P= 0.004, post hoc). More infectious episodes were observed in the cow's milk group, when compared with both GUM groups (34/37 [92%] vs 612/767 [80%], respectively, relative risk 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.28).Conclusions:This is the first study in children to show a reduced risk of infection following consumption of GUM supplemented with scGOS/lcFOS/n‐3 LCPUFAs. The borderline statistical significance justifies a new study to confirm this finding.
Steps Toward Harmonization for Clinical Development of Medicines in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis—A Global Scientific Discussion, Part 1
Authors: Sun Haihao , Vesely Richard , Taminiau Jan , Szitanyi Peter , Papadopoulos Elektra J. , Isaac Maria , Klein Agnes , Uzu Shinobu , Griebel Donna , Mulberg Andrew E. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:There is a pressing need for drug development in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). Lack of scientific consensus on efficacy endpoints and disease outcome assessments presents a hurdle for global drug development in pediatric UC. Scientists from 4 regulatory agencies convened an International Inflammatory Bowel Disease Working Group (i‐IBD Working Group) to harmonize present thinking about various aspects of drug development in pediatric UC globally.Methods:The i‐IBD Working Group was convened in 2012 by scientists from the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Health Canada, and the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan. The members of this group considered reasons for differences in their acceptance of efficacy endpoints and disease activity indices used in pediatric UC, reviewed the available literature, and developed consensus opinions regarding approaches for evaluating outcomes in pediatric UC trials.Results:There is lack of harmonization in using efficacy endpoint and outcome assessments including disease activity indices to assess clinical benefit in pediatric UC trials. Many disease activity indices have been developed, but their biometric properties, such as responsiveness, reliability, and validity, have not been properly validated. Biomarkers, such as fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin, are being investigated for their potential as noninvasive surrogate endpoints in UC.Conclusions:Consensus on the efficacy endpoints, disease activity indices, and outcome assessments is needed for globalization of pediatric UC trials. The i‐IBD Working Group offers several perspectives to facilitate harmonization across regions. The development of noninvasive biomarkers as reliable surrogate endpoints needs to be explored further.
Characterization of cell-to-cell variation in nuclear transport rates and identification of its sources
Authors: Durrieu Lucía , Bush Alan , Grande Alicia , Johansson Rikard , Janzén David , Katz Andrea , Cedersund Gunnar , Colman-Lerner Alejandro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNuclear transport is an essential part of eukaryotic cell function. Several assays exist to measure the rate of this process, but not at the single-cell level. Here, we developed a fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP)- based method to determine nuclear import and export rates independently in individual live cells. To overcome the inherent noise of single-cell measurements, we performed sequential FRAPs on the same cell. We found large cell-to-cell variation in transport rates within isogenic yeast populations. Our data suggest that a main determinant of this heterogeneity may be variability in the number of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). For passive transport, this component explained most of the variability. Actively transported proteins were influenced by variability in additional components, including general factors such as the Ran-GTP gradient as well as specific regulators of the export rate. By considering mother-daughter pairs, we showed that mitotic segregation of the transport machinery is too noisy to control cellular inheritance. Finally, we studied mother-daughter cell asymmetry in the localization of the transcription factor Ace2, which is specifically concentrated in daughter cell nuclei. We found that this asymmetry is the outcome of a higher ratio of import rate to export rate in daughters. Interestingly, rather than reduced export in the daughter cell, as previously hypothesized, rates of both import and export are faster in daughter cells than in mother cells, but the magnitude of increase is greater for import. These results shed light into cell-to-cell variation in cellular dynamics and its sources.
Chromothripsis-like patterns are recurring but heterogeneously distributed features in a survey of 22,347 cancer genome screens
Authors: Cai Haoyang , Kumar Nitin , Bagheri Homayoun C. , von Mering Christian , Robinson Mark D. , Baudis Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundChromothripsis is a recently discovered phenomenon of genomic rearrangement, possibly arising during a single genome-shattering event. This could provide an alternative paradigm in cancer development, replacing the gradual accumulation of genomic changes with a “one-off” catastrophic event. However, the term has been used with varying operational definitions, with the minimal consensus being a large number of locally clustered copy number aberrations. The mechanisms underlying these chromothripsis-like patterns (CTLP) and their specific impact on tumorigenesis are still poorly understood.ResultsHere, we identified CTLP in 918 cancer samples, from a dataset of more than 22,000 oncogenomic arrays covering 132 cancer types. Fragmentation hotspots were found to be located on chromosome 8, 11, 12 and 17. Among the various cancer types, soft-tissue tumors exhibited particularly high CTLP frequencies. Genomic context analysis revealed that CTLP rearrangements frequently occurred in genomes that additionally harbored multiple copy number aberrations (CNAs). An investigation into the affected chromosomal regions showed a large proportion of arm-level pulverization and telomere related events, which would be compatible to a number of underlying mechanisms. We also report evidence that these genomic events may be correlated with patient age, stage and survival rate.ConclusionsThrough a large-scale analysis of oncogenomic array data sets, this study characterized features associated with genomic aberrations patterns, compatible to the spectrum of “chromothripsis”-definitions as previously used. While quantifying clustered genomic copy number aberrations in cancer samples, our data indicates an underlying biological heterogeneity behind these chromothripsis-like patterns, beyond a well defined “chromthripsis” phenomenon.