bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Independent component analysis of resting state activity in pediatric obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Gruner Patricia , Vo An , Argyelan Miklos , Ikuta Toshikazu , Degnan Andrew J. , John Majnu , Peters Bart D. , Malhotra Anil K. , Uluğ Aziz M. , Szeszko Philip R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is an often severely disabling illness with onset generally in childhood or adolescence. Little is known, however, regarding the pattern of brain resting state activity in OCD early in the course of illness. We therefore examined differences in brain resting state activity in patients with pediatric OCD compared with healthy volunteers and their clinical correlates. Twenty‐three pediatric OCD patients and 23 healthy volunteers (age range 9–17), matched for sex, age, handedness, and IQ completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging exam at 3T. Patients completed the Children's Yale Brown Obsessive Scale. Data were decomposed into 36 functional networks using spatial group independent component analysis (ICA) and logistic regression was used to identify the components that yielded maximum group separation. Using ICA we identified three components that maximally separated the groups: a middle frontal/dorsal anterior cingulate network, an anterior/posterior cingulate network, and a visual network yielding an overall group classification of 76.1% (sensitivity = 78.3% and specificity = 73.9%). Independent component expression scores were significantly higher in patients compared with healthy volunteers in the middle frontal/dorsal anterior cingulate and the anterior/posterior cingulate networks, but lower in patients within the visual network. Higher expression scores in the anterior/posterior cingulate network correlated with greater severity of compulsions among patients. These findings implicate resting state fMRI abnormalities within the cingulate cortex and related control regions in the pathogenesis and phenomenology of OCD early in the course of the disorder and prior to extensive pharmacologic intervention. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5306–5315, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exploration of heterogeneity in distributed research network drug safety analyses
Authors: Hansen Richard A. , Zeng Peng , Ryan Patrick , Gao Juan , Sonawane Kalyani , Teeter Benjamin , Westrich Kimberly , Dubois Robert W. 
Published: May 2014

Distributed data networks representing large diverse populations are an expanding focus of drug safety research. However, interpreting results is difficult when treatment effect estimates vary across datasets (i.e., heterogeneity). In a previous study, risk estimates were generated for selected drugs and potential adverse outcomes. Analyses were replicated across eight distributed data sources using an identical analytic structure. To evaluate heterogeneity of risk estimates across data sources, the estimates were combined with summary‐level data characterizing the population of each data source. Meta‐analysis, meta‐regression, and plots of the influence on overall results versus contribution to heterogeneity were examined and used to illustrate an approach to heterogeneity assessment.Heterogeneity, as measured by the I‐squared statistic, was high with variability across outcomes. Plots of the relationship between influence on overall results and contribution to heterogeneity suggest that certain datasets and characteristics were influential but there was variability dependent on the drug and outcome being assessed. Exploratory meta‐regression identified many possible influential factors, but may be subject to ecological bias and false positive conclusions.Distributed data network drug safety analyses can produce heterogeneous risk estimates that may not be easily explained. Approaches illustrated here can be useful for research that is subject to similar problems with heterogeneity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constant heat stress reduces skeletal muscle protein deposition in broilers
Authors: Zuo Jianjun , Xu Mei , Abdullahi Yusuf Auwalu , Ma Limei , Zhang Zhongyue , Feng Dingyuan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of constant heat stress on growth performance and protein metabolism in skeletal muscle of Arbor Acres broilers.RESULTSTwo hundred and seventy 21‐day‐old Arbor Acres broilers with similar body weight (1298 ± 28 g) were selected for a 3‐week trial (29–49 days of age). The broilers were randomly assigned to three groups including the control group, constant heat stress group and pair‐fed group. Up‐regulation of the rectal temperature and the mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 in liver indicate that the model for constant heat stress was success. The average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, breast and thigh muscle weight, percentage of breast muscle, crude protein content in breast and thigh muscle in constant heat stress group were significantly lower than in control group and pair‐fed group. Serum uric acid content and the glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase activity were significantly higher, while protein content and glutamic‐pyruvate transaminase activity were significantly lower in liver of heat stress group than of the control and pair‐fed groups. The expression of insulin‐like growth factor 1, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase and p70S6 kinase associated with protein synthesis were lower in breast muscle but higher in thigh muscle in heat stress group compared to the control or fed‐pair groups. In thigh muscles, the expression of muscle ring‐finger protein‐1 and MAFbx associated with protein degradation were higher in the heat stress group than in the control and pair‐fed groups.CONCLUSIONPoor performance of the birds under heat stress may be due to lower synthesis and increased degradation of proteins. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Regional lymphatic recurrence after salvage surgery for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence of breast cancer without local treatment for regional lymphatic basin
Authors: Ishitobi Makoto , Matsushita Ako , Nakayama Takahiro , Motomura Kazuyoshi , Koyama Hiroki , Tamaki Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThere is limited information regarding rates of and risk factors for regional lymphatic recurrence (RLR) after salvage surgery for ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) without local treatment for the regional lymphatic basin.MethodsOne hundred two patients, who underwent salvage breast surgery without local treatment for the regional lymphatic basin (surgery or radiotherapy) for IBTR that relapsed after breast‐conserving surgery for primary breast cancer, were reviewed retrospectively to examine the rate of and risk factors for RLR.ResultsOf the 102 patients, 9 patients (8.8%) had RLR with a median follow‐up period of 3.7 years after salvage breast surgery for IBTR. The estrogen receptor (ER) status and lymphovascular invasion of the recurrent breast tumor were both independent predictive factors of RLR (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsThe rate of RLR was not low in patients with IBTR who received salvage breast surgery only without any treatment for the regional lymphatic basin. The ER status and lymphovascular invasion of the recurrent breast tumor were predictive factors of RLR. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:265–269. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Well‐Defined Imidazolium ABA Triblock Copolymers as Ionic‐Liquid‐Containing Electroactive Membranes
Authors: Jangu Chainika , Wang Jing‐Han Helen , Wang Dong , Sharick Sharon , Heflin James R. , Winey Karen I. , Colby Ralph H. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: May 2014

Nitroxide‐mediated polymerization (NMP) affords the synthesis of well‐defined ABA triblock copolymers with polystyrene external blocks and a charged poly(1‐methyl‐3‐(4‐vinylbenzyl)­imidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide central block. Aqueous size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy studies confirm the control of the composition and block lengths for both the central and external blocks. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals a room temperature modulus suitable for fabricating these triblock copolymers into electroactive devices in the presence of an added ionic liquid. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) elucidates the ion‐transport properties of the ABA triblock copolymers with varied compositions. The ionic conductivity in these single‐ion conductors exhibits Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) and Arrhenius temperature dependences, and electrode polarization (EP) analysis determines the number density of simultaneously conducting ions and their mobility. The actuators derived from these triblock copolymer membranes experience similar actuation speeds at an applied voltage of 4 V DC, as compared with benchmark Nafion membranes. These tailorable ABA block copolymers are promising candidates for ionic‐polymer device applications.
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A Facile Visible‐Light‐Induced Route to Functionalize Polymeric Substrates by Combining Controlled Radical Grafting Polymerization and Thiol−Yne Click Chemistry with Photoredox Catalyst Ir(ppy)3
Authors: Chen Haochuan , Zhao Changwen , Li Ruibo , Ma Yuhong , Liu Lianying , Yang Wantai 
Published: May 2014

A novel strategy, based on surface‐initiated grafting polymerization and post‐polymerization thiol‐yne click chemistry, with Ir(ppy)3 as a sole photoredox catalyst, under visible light irradiation is developed. The “livingness” of the grafting polymerization is demonstrated by the linear increase of the graft yield with irradiation time and the block grafting polymerization. Then, acetenyl groups of poly(propargyl methacrylate) (PPMA) grafting chains are reacted with pentaerythritoltetra‐(3‐mercaptopropionate) via the thiol‐yne click reaction. The successful introduction of reactive thiol groups onto the low‐density polyethylene‐graft‐poly(propargyl methacrylate) (LDPE‐g‐PPMA) films is demonstrated by Fourier transform IR (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) spectroscopy, and the thiol‐ene click reaction with N‐(1‐pyrenyl) maleimide.
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Sex hormone‐binding globulins characterization and gonadal gene expression during sex differentiation in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Marivin Elisa , Yano Ayaka , Guérin Adèle , Nguyen Thao‐Vi , Fostier Alexis , Bobe Julien , Guiguen Yann 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYSex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) binds androgens and estrogens in the blood of many vertebrates, including teleost fish. In mammals, SHBG is synthetized in the liver and secreted into the blood. In fish, shbga also exhibits a hepatic expression. In salmonids, in which the gene has been duplicated, the recently discovered shbgb gene exhibits a predominantly ovarian expression. The present work aimed at gaining new insight into shbgb gene structure and expression during gonadal sex differentiation, a steroid‐sensitive process, and Shbgb protein structure and binding characteristics; specifically, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) shbgb was analyzed. shbgb structure was analyzed in silico while expression was characterized during gonadal sex differentiation using all‐male and all‐female populations. We observed that shbgb gene and cognate‐protein structures are similar to homologs previously described in zebrafish and mammals. The shbgb gene is predominantly expressed in differentiating female gonads, with increased expression around the end of ovarian differentiation. In the ovary, shbgb mRNA was detected in a subset of somatic cells surrounding the ovarian lamellae. Furthermore, Shbgb binds steroids with a higher selectivity than Shbga, exhibiting a higher affinity for estradiol compared to Shbga. In conclusion, Shbgb binding characteristics are clearly different from those of Shbga. Shbgb is expressed in the differentiating ovary during a period when the synthesis and action of testosterone and estradiol must be tightly regulated. This strongly suggests that Shbgb participates in the regulation of steroid metabolism and/or mediation, that is, needed during early gonadal development in rainbow trout. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 757–765, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A hybrid discontinuous in space and time Galerkin method for wave propagation problems
Authors: Wang Dalei , Tezaur Radek , Farhat Charbel 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYMedium‐frequency regime and multi‐scale wave propagation problems have been a subject of active research in computational acoustics recently. New techniques have attempted to overcome the limitations of existing discretization methods that tend to suffer from dispersion. One such technique, the discontinuous enrichment method, incorporates features of the governing partial differential equation in the approximation, in particular, the solutions of the homogeneous form of the equation. Here, based on this concept and by extension of a conventional space–time finite element method, a hybrid discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) for the numerical solution of transient problems governed by the wave equation in two and three spatial dimensions is described. The discontinuous formulation in both space and time enables the use of solutions to the homogeneous wave equation in the approximation. In this contribution, within each finite element, the solutions in the form of polynomial waves are employed. The continuity of these polynomial waves is weakly enforced through suitably chosen Lagrange multipliers. Results for two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional problems, in both low‐frequency and medium‐frequency regimes, show that the proposed DGM outperforms the conventional space–time finite element method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wnt/β‐catenin signalling maintains self‐renewal and tumourigenicity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stem‐like cells by activating Oct4
Authors: Lee Sang Hyuk , Koo Bon Seok , Kim Jin Man , Huang Songmei , Rho Young Soo , Bae Woo Jin , Kang Hyun Jung , Kim Young Sook , Moon Jung Hwa , Lim Young Chang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that a distinct subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for tumour initiation and progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is essential for stem cell regulation and tumourigenesis, but its molecular mechanism in HNSCC CSCs remains unknown. We investigated whether Wnt/β‐catenin signalling regulates self‐renewal and tumourigenicity of HNSCC stem‐like cells in vitro and in vivo. Cytoplasmic/nuclear β‐catenin, a major effector of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling, was expressed in a subpopulation of tumour cells in primary HNSCC tissue but in none of normal head and neck tissues. Overexpression of β‐catenin increased proliferation of HNSCC cells and induced dedifferentiation of these cells to cells with stem‐like features. Knockdown of β‐catenin in HNSCC stem‐like cells blocked their self‐renewal capacity, stemness‐associated gene expression, chemoresistance, and in vivo tumourigenicity. Furthermore, β‐catenin directly regulates Oct4 transcription in HNSCC stem‐like cells. In addition, the effect of shRNA‐mediated repression of β‐catenin on CSC traits in HNSCC stem‐like cells was reversed by overexpression of Oct4. In patients with HNSCC, higher levels of both cytoplasmic/nuclear β‐catenin and Oct4 correlated with the worst prognosis. These results suggest inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling as a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting HNSCC stem‐like cells. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression Rate Studies of Paraffin Wax‐HTPB Hybrid Fuels Using Swirl Injectors
Authors: Sakote Rakesh , Yadav Narendra , Karmakar Srinibas , Joshi Puran Chand , Chatterjee Ashwini Kumar 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStudies on the regression rates of three compositions of paraffin wax‐HTPB hybrid fuel grains in a stream of gaseous oxygen using two different swirl injectors at a fixed injection pressure were carried out. It was found that the regression rate in the hybrid fuel increases with increasing paraffin wax percentage, which may be attributed to melt‐flow effects. The local regression rates, average regression rates, fuel mass consumption rates, and total mass fluxes for the hybrid fuels were found to be dependent on the swirl injector configuration. All three hybrid fuels were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the thermal stability and thermal degradation behavior of the hybrid fuels were investigated by DTA/TGA techniques.
Automatic threshold and run parameter selection: a climatology for extreme hourly precipitation in Switzerland
Authors: Fukutome S. , Liniger M. A. , Süveges M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExtreme value analyses of a large number of relatively short time series are in increasing demand in environmental sciences and design. Here, we present an automated procedure for the peaks-over-threshold (POT) approach to extreme value theory and use it to provide a climatology of extreme hourly precipitation in Switzerland. The POT approach fits the generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) to independent exceedances above some high threshold. To guarantee independence, the time series is pruned: exceedances separated by less than a fixed interval called the run parameter are considered a cluster, and all but the cluster maxima are discarded. We propose the automation of an existing graphical method for joint selection of threshold and run parameter. Hourly precipitation is analyzed at 59 stations of the MeteoSwiss observational network over the period 1981–2010. The four seasons are considered separately. When necessary, a simple detrending is applied. Results suggest that unnecessarily large run parameters have adverse effects on the estimation of the GPD parameters. The proposed method yields mean cluster sizes that reflect the seasonal and geographical variation of lag dependence of hourly precipitation. The climatology, as represented by the return level maps and Alpine cross-section, mirror known aspects of the Swiss climate. Unlike for daily precipitation, summer thunderstorm tracks are visible in the seasonal frequency of events, rather than in the amplitude of rare events.
Restructuring States, Restructuring Ethnicity: Looking Across Disciplinary Boundaries at Federal Futures in India and Nepal
Authors: SHNEIDERMAN SARA , TILLIN LOUISE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIndia and federalizing Nepal represent distinct types of federal polity: their origins lie not in the unification of previously autonomous states, but in the devolution of power by a previously centralized state. The boundaries of their constituent sub-units are therefore open to debate, and settling their contours is central to the project of state-building. Written by a political scientist and an anthropologist, this paper presents a comparative exploration of the reciprocal relationship between state structuring and ethnicity in India and Nepal, with a focus on the effects of territorial versus non-territorial forms of recognition. It pushes against recent tendencies within South Asian Studies to see ethnic identity as called into being solely by state practices or ‘governmentality’ on the one hand, or as a newly commoditized form of belonging produced through neoliberal reforms on the other. Instead it argues that ethnicity must be understood as a multivalent concept that is at once embedded in specific histories of state and sub-state formation, and generative of them. Comparative in scope yet driven by qualitative data collected over years of engagement across the region, the paper charts a middle way between detailed ethnographic studies and large-scale comparative endeavours.
The X-ray powder diffraction data for CeCo3Ni2
Authors: Li Degui , Qin Ming , Liang Liuqing , Lu Zhao , Liu Shuhui , Huang Caimin , He Bing , Zeng Lingmin 
Published: May 2014

The CeCo3Ni2 compound was synthesized by arc melting under argon atmosphere. High-quality powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data of CeCo3Ni2 have been collected using a Rigaku SmartLab X-ray powder diffractometer. The refinement of the XRD pattern for the CeCo3Ni2 compound shows that the CeCo3Ni2 is a hexagonal structure, space group P6/mmm (No.191) with a = b = 4.9081(2) Å, c = 4.0034(2) Å, V = 83.52 Å3, Z = 1, and ρx = 8.6347 g cm−3. The Smith–Snyder FOM F30 = 112.7(0.0089, 30) and the intensity ratio RIR = 0.48.
Free trade and the greening of domestic industry
Authors: Gulati Sumeet , Roy Devesh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper we present an example where a domestic import-competing industry can benefit from a pollution tax borne by its consumers. We show that this pollution tax can be similar to a traditional trade barrier (such as a tariff) and can raise the price received by the domestic industry. Given an open economy, we highlight conditions under which domestic producers prefer a higher consumption-based pollution tax than is socially optimal. In contrast, when the economy is closed, we find that producers prefer a pollution tax that is lower than socially optimal. Domestic producers turn ‘green’ only when faced with import competition.
Inhibitors of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) activate tumor-suppressor microRNAs in human cancer cells
Authors: Hibino S , Saito Y , Muramatsu T , Otani A , Kasai Y , Kimura M , Saito H 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEnhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) enhances tumorigenesis and is commonly overexpressed in several types of cancer. To investigate the anticancer effects of EZH2 inhibitors, microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles were examined in gastric and liver cancer cells treated with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep). We confirmed that SAHA and DZNep suppressed EZH2 expression in AGS and HepG2 cells and inhibited their proliferation. The results of microarray analyses demonstrated that miR-1246 was commonly upregulated in cancer cells by treatment with SAHA and DZNep. MiR-302a and miR-4448 were markedly upregulated by treatment with SAHA and DZNep, respectively. DYRK1A, CDK2, BMI-1 and Girdin, which are targets of miR-1246, miR-302a and miR-4448, were suppressed by treatment with SAHA and DZNep, leading to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reduced migration of AGS and HepG2 cells. ChIP assay revealed that SAHA and DZNep inhibited the binding of EZH2 to the promoter regions of miR-1246, miR-302a and miR-4448. These findings suggest that EZH2 inhibitors such as SAHA and DZNep exert multiple anticancer effects through activation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs.
Compact inductorless CMOS low‐noise amplifier for reconfigurable radio
Authors: Slimane Abdelhalim , Haddad Fayrouz , Bourdel Sylvain , Tedjini‐Baïliche Sid Ahmed , Belaroussi Mohand Tahar , Mohamed Trabelsi , Barthélemy Hervé 
Published: May 2014

A compact reconfigurable CMOS low‐noise amplifier (LNA) is presented for applications in DCS1800, UMTS, WLAN‐b/g and Bluetooth standards. The proposed LNA features first a current reuse shunt‐feedback amplifier for wideband input matching, low‐noise figure and small area. Secondly, a cascode amplifier with a tunable active LC resonator is added for high gain and continuous tuning of bands. Fabricated in a 0.13 μm CMOS process, the measured results show >20 dB power gain, <3.5 dB noise figure in the frequency range of 1.8–2.4 GHz, return losses S11 and S22 lower than −12 and −14 dB, respectively, with a moderate IIP3 of −11.8 dBm at 2.4 GHz. It consumes 9.6 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage, while occupying an active silicon area of only 0.052 mm2.