bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporine-assisted adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy to mitigate acute kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Chen Yen-Ta , Yang Chih-Chau , Zhen Yen-Yi , Wallace Christopher Glenn , Yang Jenq-Lin , Sun Cheuk-Kwan , Tsai Tzu-Hsien , Sheu Jiunn-Jye , Chua Sarah , Chang Chia-Lo , Cho Chung-Lung , Leu Steve , Yip Hon-Kan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
This study tested the hypothesis that cyclosporine (CsA)-supported syngeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) therapy offered superior attenuation of acute ischemia–reperfusion (IR) kidney injury to either therapy alone.

Methods
Adult Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 40) were equally divided into group 1 (sham controls), group 2 (IR injury), group 3 (IR + CsA (20 mg/kg at 1 and 24 hours after procedure)), group 4 (syngeneic ADMSC (1.2×106) at 1, 6 and 24 hours after procedure), and group 5 (IR + CsA-ADMSC).

Results
By 72 hours after the IR procedure, the creatinine level and the ratio of urine protein to creatinine were highest in group 2 and lowest in group 1, and significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 than in group 5 (all P <0.05 for inter-group comparisons), but showed no differences between groups 3 and 4 (P >0.05). The inflammatory biomarkers at mRNA (matrix metalloproteinase-9, RANTES, TNF-α), protein (TNF-α, NF-κB, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, platelet-derived growth factor), and cellular (CD68+) levels of IR kidney showed a similar pattern compared with that of creatinine in all groups (all P <0.05 for inter-group comparisons). The protein expressions of oxidative stress (oxidized protein), reactive oxygen species (NADPH oxidases NOX-1, NOX-2), apoptosis (Bcl-2–associated X protein, caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) and DNA damage (phosphorylated H2A histone family member X-positive, proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells) markers exhibited a pattern similar to that of inflammatory mediators amongst all groups (all P <0.05 for inter-group comparisons). Expressions of antioxidant biomarkers at cellular (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)) and protein (NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)-1, HO-1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase) levels, and endothelial progenitor cell markers (C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4-positive, stromal cell-derived factor-1α-positive) were lowest in groups 1 and 2, higher in groups 3 and 4, and highest in group 5 (all P <0.05 for inter-group comparisons).

Conclusion
Combination therapy using CsA plus ADMSCs offers improved protection against acute IR kidney injury.
Innovative activity of enterprises as a measure of competitiveness of Russia
Authors: Кальянов  , Kalyanov Aleksandr 
Published: May 2013

It is shown that an increase in the competitiveness of Russia is impossible without an increase in the prestigious science and technology and innovation, and its inclusion among the top priorities. An important form of support from the public authorities should be to develop the legal framework of innovation and adoption of legal acts aimed at creating an enabling environment for
innovative economic development. This should include the evelopment and improvement of the legislation in order to create a unified state policy innovation and creating favorable conditions for the development of science, technology and innovation, including its stimulation.
Age-Specific Survival of Tundra Swans on the Lower Alaska Peninsula
Authors: Meixell Brandt W. , Lindberg Mark S. , Conn Paul B. , Dau Christian P. , Sarvis John E. , Sowl Kristine M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract.The population of Tundra Swans (Cygnus columbianus columbianus) breeding on the lower Alaska Peninsula represents the southern extremity of the species' range and is uniquely nonmigratory. We used data on recaptures, resightings, and recoveries of neck-collared Tundra Swans on the lower Alaska Peninsula to estimate collar loss, annual apparent survival, and other demographic parameters for the years 1978– 1989. Annual collar loss was greater for adult males fitted with either the thinner collar type (0.34) or the thicker collar type (0.15) than for other age/sex classes (thinner: 0.10, thicker: 0.04). The apparent mean probability of survival of adults (0.61) was higher than that of immatures (0.41) and for both age classes varied considerably by year (adult range: 0.44–0.95, immature range: 0.25–0.90). To assess effects of permanent emigration by age and breeding class, we analyzed post hoc the encounter histories of swans known to breed in our study area. The apparent mean survival of known breeders (0.65) was generally higher than that of the entire marked sample but still varied considerably by year (range 0.26–1.00) and indicated that permanent emigration of breeding swans was likely. We suggest that reductions in apparent survival probability were influenced primarily by high and variable rates of permanent emigration and that immigration by swans from elsewhere may be important in sustaining a breeding population at and near Izembek National Wildlife Refuge.
Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infections: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Tumbaga Purificacion F. , Philip Alistair G.S. 
Published: May 2013

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) remains the leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in the United States, despite a dramatic 80% decline in the incidence of early-onset GBS disease with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Perinatal GBS disease persists and the incidence of late-onset GBS disease is unchanged. Maternal immunization with conjugate vaccines for the most prevalent serotypes may have a role in further reducing early-onset disease but should have greater impact on late-onset disease. In addition, it could both reduce the problem of antibiotic resistance and potentially prevent adverse neuro-developmental outcomes.
Universal vaccination of pregnant women or adolescent women could confer protection beginning in the third trimester, with transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies, extending protection into early infancy. However, this strategy would be of limited benefit to preterm infants, particularly those born before 32 weeks’ gestation. Universal screening of pregnant women at 35 to 37 weeks’ gestation for GBS colonization and providing IAP remain the mainstays for perinatal disease prevention.
In this era of widespread IAP, neonatal management is challenging in the asymptomatic at-risk newborn population. Further research is needed to establish sound diagnostic aids, avoid antibiotic misuse, and prevent serious neurologic sequelae.
Dynamic Infrared Electro-optic Response of Soluble Organic Semiconductors in Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Bittle Emily G. , Brill Joseph W. , Straley Joseph P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe use a frequency-dependent electro-optic technique to measure the hole mobility in small molecule organic semiconductors, such as 6,13 bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)-pentacene. Measurements are made on semiconductor films in bottom gate, bottom contact field-effect transistors (FETs.) Because of the buried metal layer effect the maximum response, due to absorption in the charge layer, will be for a dielectric film ∼ 1/4 of a wavelength (in the dielectric) (e.g. ∼ 1 micron thick in the infrared.) Results are presented for FETs prepared with both spin-cast polymer and alumina dielectrics prepared by atomic layer deposition. At low frequencies the results are fit to solutions to a non-linear differential equation describing the spatial dependence of flowing charge in the FET channel, which allows us to study multiple crystals forming across one set of drain-source contacts. FETs prepared on alumina dielectrics show interesting deviations from the model at high frequencies, possibly due to increased contact impedance.
Production and characterization of Al 2024 matrix composites reinforced with β-Al3Mg2complex metallic alloy particles
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Scudino Sergio , Eckert Jürgen 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, composites consisting of the Al 2024 matrix reinforced with β-Al3Mg2particles have been produced by powder metallurgy with the aim of increasing the strength of the matrix and, at the same time, reducing the density of the material. The β-Al3Mg2phase represents an ideal candidate as reinforcement in lightweight composites due to its low density and high-temperature strength. The β-Al3Mg2reinforcement remarkably improves the mechanical properties of the 2024 matrix. In particular, the composite with 20 vol.% reinforcement display yield and compressive strengths exceeding that of the unreinforced matrix by about 120 and 180 MPa, while retaining appreciable plastic deformation of about 30 %. The strength of the material is further increased for the samples with 30 and 40 vol.% of β-Al3Mg2phase, however, the composites show reduced plastic deformation of 11 and 4.5 %. Furthermore, the addition of the low-density β-Al3Mg2particles decreases the density of the materials below that of the unreinforced 2024 matrix, considerably increasing the specific strength of the composites.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Cu64Zr36 BMG by ab initio Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Galván-Colín Jonathan , Valladares Ariel A. , Valladares Alexander , Valladares Renela M. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMuch attention has been given to bulk metallic glasses (BMG) in recent years, particularly those based on binary alloys due to the simplicity of their atomic composition. Although efforts to understand the atomistic features that give rise to their exceptional properties have been made, the electronic and vibrational properties have been disregarded. We undertook the task of simulating the Cu64Zr36 glassy metal using a supercell with 108 atoms and a different simulational approach: the undermelt-quench approach [1]. The structure was characterized by means of the radial (pair) distribution function and the bond-angle distribution and the electronic density of states was calculated. We find that our results agree well with experimental data.
Photocatalytic TiO2 Macroscopic Fiber Obtained through Integrative Chemistry
Authors: Kinadjian Natacha , Le Bechec Mickael , Pigot Thierry , Dufour Fabien , Durupthy Olivier , Bentaleb Ahmed , Prouzet Eric , Lacombe Sylvie , Backov Rénal 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPhotocatalytic properties of titanium oxide depend on the material size and shape, which can favour a higher interaction between reactants and catalyst. Most of the studies reported until now, show that reducing size down to the nanoscale increases the photocatalytic efficiency. We demonstrate that a multiscale shape design, integrating surface roughness, particle shape, and material 1D processing and orientation, can favour photocatalytic properties in the solid-gas regime, especially mineralization (conversion into CO2), when the material hierarchical 1D orientation is combined with unidirectional gas flow. Several materials with hierarchical structure were prepared and characterized. They have been tested for the photocatalytic mineralization of gaseous acetone, and compared with commercial catalysts. Our study reveals that a suitable combination of multiscale design can favour high mineralization.
Microstructural Effects on the Shock Compression Response of Cold-Rolled Ni/Al Multilayers
Authors: Specht Paul E. , Thadhani Naresh , Weihs Timothy P. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTHeterogeneities at the meso-scale strongly influence the shock compression response of composite materials. Laminated geometries with full density and intimate particle contacts provide a unique system to investigate the influence of microstructure on a propagating shock wave. Computational analysis is used to understand the effects of layer orientation and bilayer spacing on the shock compression response of cold-rolled Ni/ Al multilayers. Real, heterogeneous microstructures, obtained from optical micrographs, are incorporated into the Eulerian, finite volume code CTH. The results show a marked difference in the dissipation and dispersion of the shock wave as the underlying microstructure varies.
Anisotropic Strain Effect on Electron Transport in C60Organic Field Effect transistors
Authors: Nigam Akash , Schwabegger Günther , Ullah Mujeeb , Ahmed Rizwan , Fishchuk Ivan I. , Kadashchuk Andrey , Simbrunner Clemens , Sitter Helmut , Premaratne Malin , Rao V.Ramgopal 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMechanical flexibility is one of the key advantages of organic semiconducting films in applications such as wearable-electronics or flexible displays. The present study is aimed at gaining deeper insight into the effect of strain on charge transport properties of the organic semiconductor films. We have fabricated high performance C60top gate organic field effect transistors (OFET) on flexible substrates and characterized the devices by curling the substrates in concave and convex manner, to apply varying values of compressive and tensile strain, respectively. Electron mobility is found to increase with compressive strain and decrease with tensile strain. The observed strain effect is found to be strongly anisotropic with respect to the direction of flow of current. This observation on mobility is quantified using an Extended Gaussian Disorder Model (EGDM) for the hopping charge transport. We suggest that the observed strain dependence of the electron transport is dominated by a change in the effective charge hopping distance over the grain boundaries in polycrystalline C60films.
Titanium and zirconium oxidation under argon irradiation in the low MeV range
Authors: Gorse-Pomonti Dominique , Do Ngoc-Long , Bérerd Nicolas , Moncoffre Nathalie , Baldinozzi Gianguido 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe studied the irradiation effects on Ti and Zr surfaces in slightly oxidizing environment (rarefied dry air, 500°C) using multi-charged argon ions in the low MeV range (1 – 9 MeV) to the aim of determining the respective role of the electronic and nuclear stopping power in the operating oxidation process under irradiation. We have shown that ballistic collisions contribute significantly to the enhanced Ti and Zr oxidation under MeV argon bombardment. We have also shown that the projectile energy plays a significant role in the overall process.A significant oxide film thickening is visible on titanium under irradiation, taking the form of a well-defined oxidation peak between 1 and 4 MeV, as a result of the Nuclear Backscattering Spectroscopy and Spectroscopic Ellipsometry studies.A significant oxide film thickening is also visible on zirconium under same irradiation conditions, at 4 and 9 MeV, as a result of the NBS study. Work is in progress in order to determine how the modified oxidation process depends in this case on the projectile energy.
Scanning Angle Total Internal Reflection Raman Spectroscopy of Thin Polymer Films
Authors: Meyer Matthew W. , Smith Emily A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPlasmon waveguide resonance (PWR) Raman spectroscopy provides chemical content information with interface or thin film selectivity. Near the plasmon waveguide interface, large increases in the interfacial optical energy density are generated at incident angles where plasmon waveguide resonances are excited. When a polymer of sufficient thickness is deposited on a gold film, the interface acts as a plasmon waveguide and large enhancements in the Raman signal can be achieved. This paper presents calculations to show how polymer thickness and excitation wavelength are predicted to influence PWR Raman spectroscopy measurements. The results show the optical energy density (OED) integrated over the entire polymer film using 785 nm excitation are 1.7× (400 nm film), 2.17× (500 nm film), 2.48× (600 nm film), 3.08× (700 nm film) and 3.62× (800 nm film) higher compared to a 300 nm film. Accounting for the integrated OED and frequency to the fourth power dependence of the Raman scatter, a 532 nm excitation wavelength is predicted to generate the largest PWR Raman signal at the polymer waveguide interface. This work develops a foundation for chemical measurements of numerous devices, such as solar energy capturing devices that utilize conducting metals coated with thin polymer films.
Study of dynamic features of highly energetic reactions by DSC and High-Speed Temperature Scanner (HSTS)
Authors: Hobosyan M.A. , Kirakosyan Kh.G. , Kharatyan S.L. , Martirosyan K.S. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe dynamic features of Al2O3 - polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and Al - PTFE reactions in non-isothermal conditions are presented. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and High-Speed Temperature Scanner (HSTS) were used to characterize the Al2O3/Al – PTFE reactions at different heating rates. The study shows that the HSTS instrument can give more information about the reaction mechanism and kinetics than the conventional DSC measurements. In this work we show that high heating rates may reveal exothermic reaction between Al2O3 and PTFE that were previously unidentified. The PTFE can potentially remove the oxide layer from aluminum in the initial period of the reaction and increase the direct contact area between oxygen and aluminum, which increases the reaction velocity and improves the energy release abilities of the system.
Effect of dielectric/organic interface properties on the performance of the organic thin film transistors
Authors: Rahimi Ronak , Korakakis D. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIn order to manufacture organic electronic devices with high performance, more detailed studies of the structure and the morphology of the organic materials as well as the underlying physical charge transport mechanisms are warranted. For instance, high efficiency organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) require materials with high charge carrier mobility [1, 2]. The parameters that determine the charge carrier mobility of the device include the structure of the first organic layer at the organic-dielectric interface as well as the morphology and the structural order of the other organic layers. Therefore, fundamental questions about structural properties of organic materials should be answered in order to optimize device performance [2-4].In this work, several bilayer structures of LiF/PTCDI-C8 and LiF/pentacene were prepared and their morphology and molecular structure were characterized using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) technique. In order to study the effects of the films’ structures and dielectric/organic interfacial properties on the device performance, OTFTs based on these bilayers were fabricated and characterized. It has been observed that PTCDI-C8 thin films have higher molecular packing in the LiF/PTCDI-C8 bilayer structure, which results in superior electrical characteristics for OTFTs based on this organic material. Devices with LiF/PTCDI-C8 bilayer exhibit about one order of magnitude higher output current (Ids) at a constant drain-source voltage (Vds) compared to the devices with LiF/pentacene bilayer. The observed differences in the electrical characteristics of these devices can be attributed to the effects of the dielectric/organic interface and the molecular structure of the organic layers.
Multiscale Approach to Theoretical Simulations of Materials for Nuclear Energy Applications: Fe-Cr and Zr-based Alloys
Authors: Abrikosov Igor A. , Ponomareva Alena V. , Barannikova Svetlana A. , Hellman Olle , Vekilova Olga Yu. , Simak Sergei I. , Ruban Andrei V. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe review basic ideas behind state-of-the-art techniques for first-principles theoretical simulations of the phase stabilities and properties of alloys. We concentrate on methods that allow for an efficient treatment of compositional and thermal disorder effects. In particular, we present novel approach to evaluate free energy for strongly anharmonic systems. Theoretical tools are then employed in studies of two materials systems relevant for nuclear energy applications: Fe-Cr and Zr-based alloys. In particular, we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure and multicomponent alloying on the mixing enthalpy of Fe-Cr alloys, and show that in the ferromagnetic state both of them reduce the alloy stability at low Cr concentration. For Zr-Nb alloys, we demonstrate how microscopic parameters calculated from first-principles can be used in higher-level models.
Low Energy Atom Scattering Spectroscopy for Insulator Surface Analysis: MgO(111) Surfaces
Authors: Umezawa K. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis study described a low-energy atom scattering system combined with a time-of-flight spectrometer and an ultra high vacuum chamber for insulator surface structural analysis. We show one of examples to study of MgO(111) surface analysis. A visual image of Mg atoms due to the projected blocking pattern represents the crystalline structure of the MgO(111) surfaces. This figure shows the trajectory of scattered 4He0 particles due to Mg atoms along low-index lattice planes and crystallographic directions. Insulator surface structural analysis becomes more important in materials sciences.
Electrocatalytic effect towards NADH induced by HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes covalently functionalized by ferrocene derivatives
Authors: Allali Naoual , Urbanova Veronika , Etienne Mathieu , Mallet Martine , Devaux Xavier , Vigolo Brigitte , Fort Yves , Walcarius Alain , Noël Maxime , McRae Edward , Soldatov Alexander V. , Dossot Manuel , Mamane Victor 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe present work reports the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by ferrocene derivatives with polyethyleneglycol linkers. A very clean initial sample was chosen to avoid any residual catalyst and carbon impurities. Functionalized SWCNTs (f-CNTs) are deposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and this modified electrode is used for oxidizing the cofactor NADH (dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) in the presence of diaphorase. A clear electrocatalytic effect is evidenced, which can only be attributed to the f-CNTs.