bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variational merged of hourly gauge‐satellite precipitation in China: Preliminary results
Authors: Li Huan , Hong Yang , Xie Pingping , Gao Jidong , Niu Zheng , Kirstetter Pierre , Yong Bin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe article describes a variational scheme for the analysis of high‐resolution hourly precipitation from China Meteorological Administration gauges and NOAA CMORPH satellite products in China and tests their impact on data‐sparse regions and the heavy rainfall occurrences during the summer season (June–August 2009). In the variational scheme, a cost function is defined to measure the distance between analyzed precipitation field and observed rainfall quantity. A recursive filter is incorporated into the cost function which helps spread the observations to nearby grid points. Then a quasi‐Newton method is used to solve the optimal estimation problem by minimizing the cost function. The adjoint technique is used to derive the gradient of cost function with respect to analysis precipitation. A series of experiments are performed to intercompare the variational analysis with the original CMORPH satellite products (CMP) and the bias‐adjusted satellite products (Adj‐CMP) against the observations. The best overall performance is from the variational analysis especially rainfall intensity by more than 10 mm h−1 with a prevailing mean relative spatial bias nearly reduction zero, and the correlation coefficient is almost around 0.5 in convection active areas. Ground cross‐validation experiments in which each affected station is withdrawn at once indicated that the variational analysis can particularly be beneficial and subsequent investigation of heavy rainfall events. It also reveals that the precipitation analysis field has the ability to improve the accuracy of rainfall estimation and capture the spatial precipitation pattern agreements in relatively data‐sparse regions.
Mapping the ice‐bed interface characteristics of Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, using microseismicity
Authors: Smith E. C. , Smith A. M. , White R. S. , Brisbourne A. M. , Pritchard H. D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFlow dynamics of the ice streams that drain the Antarctic Ice Sheet are heavily influenced by processes at the bed. Natural seismic activity generated beneath an ice stream is associated with the motion of the ice over its bed and can be used to map both the characteristics of the ice‐bed interface and to understand these basal processes. Basal microseismicity was recorded over a 34 day period on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, using 10 three‐component geophones 40 km upstream of the grounding line. Around 3000 microseismic events were located in discrete spatial clusters near the ice‐bed interface. The activity of each cluster varies with time, and the source mechanism for the events is interpreted as subhorizontal, low‐angle faulting, slipping in the ice flow direction. Cluster locations are interpreted as “sticky spots” of stiff basal sediment at the ice‐bed interface, where ice movement is accommodated by stick‐slip basal sliding. The sticky spots occur in areas where independent active‐source seismic surveys show low porosity sediments at the bed. We show that the sticky spots probably accommodate only a small amount of the total basal motion. Our results suggest that most of the ice stream basal motion is accommodated by aseismic deformation of soft, dilatant basal sediment, or by a well‐lubricated, stiffer bed.
A crustal‐scale view at rift localization along the fossil Adriatic margin of the Alpine Tethys preserved in NW Italy
Authors: Beltrando Marco , Stockli Daniel F. , Decarlis Alessandro , Manatschal Gianreto 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFossil rifted margins, whereby originally extended continental crust is subsequently stacked in orogenic belts, provide the opportunity to track rift‐related tectonics across different crustal levels. In this study, the tectonothermal evolution of the fossil Adriatic continental margin, sampled in the Italian Southern Alps, is investigated combining new (U‐Th)/He zircon (ZHe) thermochronology from upper crustal rocks with existing data from the originally underlying lower crust, to shed light on the processes responsible for rift localization in the Alpine Tethys system. The Adriatic microplate records a protracted rift evolution, whereby distributed upper crustal stretching at 245–190 Ma was followed by rift localization along its future western edge, culminating in mantle exhumation at 165–160 Ma. A progressive westward younging of ZHe ages, from 280–240 Ma in the Lombardian Basin to 215–200 Ma near the Sostegno and Fenera Basins, indicates that anomalously high thermal gradients were established in the Late Triassic in the area where rifting later localized. The inferred episodic heating was contemporaneous with protracted fluid flow, minor magmatism, and ductile shearing within the originally underlying lower crust. Subsequent normal faulting was initiated post‐185 Ma, as constrained by exhumation‐related ZHe ages in detrital zircons from a syntectonic sandstone. The spatial distribution of the detected heating‐cooling cycle suggests that rift localization along the western edge of the Adriatic Plate was probably favored by a crustal‐scale thermal anomaly, established at 215–210 Ma, followed by thermal decay by 200–190 Ma. Subsequent crust‐wide extension, starting at 185–180 Ma, led to excision of continental crust and mantle exhumation.
Enantiospecific CH Activation Using Ruthenium Nanocatalysts
Authors: Taglang Céline , Martínez‐Prieto Luis Miguel , del Rosal Iker , Maron Laurent , Poteau Romuald , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno , Perato Serge , Sam Lone Anaïs , Puente Céline , Dugave Christophe , Rousseau Bernard , Pieters Grégory 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe activation of CH bonds has revolutionized modern synthetic chemistry. However, no general strategy for enantiospecific CH activation has been developed to date. We herein report an enantiospecific CH activation reaction followed by deuterium incorporation at stereogenic centers. Mechanistic studies suggest that the selectivity for the α‐position of the directing heteroatom results from a four‐membered dimetallacycle as the key intermediate. This work paves the way to novel molecular chemistry on nanoparticles.
One‐pot Synthesis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Co‐doped Graphene and Its Use as High‐performance Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Dong Liye , Hu Chuangang , Huang Xianke , Chen Nan , Qu Liangti 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, N,P co‐doped graphene (NPG) was prepared by a one‐step pyrolysis using a mixture of graphene oxide and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP), in which HCCP was used as both the N and P source. Furthermore, it is shown that NPG electrodes, as efficient metal‐free electrocatalysts, have a high onset potential, high current density, and long‐term stability for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Using the electronic medical record to assess contraception usage among women taking category D or X medications
Authors: Mody Sheila K , Farala John Paul , Wu Jennifer , Felix Robert , Chambers Christina 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to investigate contraceptive usage among women prescribed or currently taking a category D or X medication using the electronic medical record.MethodsThis is a retrospective study assessing contraceptive usage among women prescribed category D or X medications. We obtained access to the electronic medical records of women seen in an academic Family Medicine Department between April 2011 and April 2012 who were prescribed a category D or X medication. Information was abstracted regarding the specific category D or X medication, demographics, sexual activity, sexual partner gender, and contraceptive usage.ResultsThere were a total of 610 women included in this study. Among the 610 women, 72 (11.8%) of women had documentation that they were not asked about their sexual activity. Sexual activity with men was documented in 407 of the 610 women (66.7%). Of these 407 women, 132 (32.4%) had no contraceptive method documented. Among the women using contraception, the most common method used was oral contraception.ConclusionAccording to data obtained from the electronic medical record, women who are taking a category D or X medication are not always asked about sexual activity. Contraception usage among women taking category D or X medications and who were sexually active with men was similar to the general population. Contraception usage should be better in this population given the risk of an unintended pregnancy includes fetal exposure to a potential teratogen. The electronic medical record creates an opportunity for an intervention to increase contraception utilization in this population. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:887–891, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Performance Full Sodium‐Ion Cell Based on a Nanostructured Transition Metal Oxide as Negative Electrode
Authors: López María C. , Aragón María J. , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Lavela Pedro , Alcántara Ricardo , Tirado José L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA novel design of a sodium‐ion cell is proposed based on the use of nanocrystalline thin films composed of transition metal oxides. X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy were helpful techniques to unveil the microstructural properties of the pristine nanostructured electrodes. Thus, Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of amorphous NiO, α‐Fe2O3 (hematite) and γ‐Fe2O3 (maghemite). Also, this technique allowed the calculation of an average particle size of 23.4 Å in the amorphous carbon phase in situ generated on the positive electrode. The full sodium‐ion cell performed with a reversible capacity of 100 mA h g−1 at C/2 with an output voltage of about 1.8 V, corresponding to a specific energy density of about 180 W h kg−1. These promising electrochemical performances allow these transition metal thin films obtained by electrochemical deposition to be envisaged as serious competitors for future negative electrodes in sodium‐ion batteries.
Investigating the Selectivity of Metalloenzyme Inhibitors in the Presence of Competing Metalloproteins
Authors: Chen Yao , Cohen Seth M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMetalloprotein inhibitors (MPi) are an important class of therapeutics for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cancer, and HIV/AIDS. However, despite their clinical success, there is an apprehension that MPi may be less selective than other small‐molecule therapeutics and more prone to inhibit off‐target metalloenzymes. We examined the issue of MPi specificity by investigating the selectivity of a variety of MPi against a representative panel of metalloenzymes in the presence of competing metalloproteins (metallothionein, myoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, and transferrin). Our findings reveal that a wide variety of MPi do not exhibit a decrease in inhibitory activity in the presence of large excesses of competing metalloproteins, suggesting that the competing proteins do not titrate the MPi away from its intended target. This study represents a rudimentary but important means to mimic the biological milieu, which contains other metalloproteins that could compete the MPi away from its target. The strategy used in this study may be a useful approach to examine the selectivity of other MPi in development.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates as Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum and Human 6‐Oxopurine Phosphoribosyltransferases
Authors: Kaiser Martin M. , Hocková Dana , Wang Tzu‐Hsuan , Dračínský Martin , Poštová‐Slavětínská Lenka , Procházková Eliška , Edstein Michael D. , Chavchich Marina , Keough Dianne T. , Guddat Luke W. , Janeba Zlatko 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAcyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs) are a promising class of antimalarial therapeutic drug leads that exhibit a wide variety of Ki values for Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and human hypoxanthine‐guanine‐(xanthine) phosphoribosyltransferases [HG(X)PRTs]. A novel series of ANPs, analogues of previously reported 2‐(phosphonoethoxy)ethyl (PEE) and (R,S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propyl (HPMP) derivatives, were designed and synthesized to evaluate their ability to act as inhibitors of these enzymes and to extend our ongoing antimalarial structure–activity relationship studies. In this series, (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonoethoxy)propyl (HPEP), (S)‐2‐(phosphonomethoxy)propanoic acid (CPME), or (S)‐2‐(phosphonoethoxy)propanoic acid (CPEE) are the acyclic moieties. Of this group, (S)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐(phosphonoethoxy)propylguanine (HPEPG) exhibits the highest potency for PfHGXPRT, with a Ki value of 0.1 μM and a Ki value for human HGPRT of 0.6 μM. The crystal structures of HPEPG and HPEPHx (where Hx=hypoxanthine) in complex with human HGPRT were obtained, showing specific interactions with active site residues. Prodrugs for the HPEP and CPEE analogues were synthesized and tested for in vitro antimalarial activity. The lowest IC50 value (22 μM) in a chloroquine‐resistant strain was observed for the bis‐amidate prodrug of HPEPG.
Multi‐frequency (S, X, Q and W‐band) EPR and ENDOR Study of Vanadium(IV) Incorporation in the Aluminium Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐53
Authors: Nevjestić Irena , Depauw Hannes , Leus Karen , Kalendra Vidmantas , Caretti Ignacio , Jeschke Gunnar , Van Doorslaer Sabine , Callens Freddy , Van Der Voort Pascal , Vrielinck Henk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDoping the well‐known metal–organic framework MIL‐53(Al) with vanadium(IV) ions leads to significant changes in the breathing behaviour and might have repercussions on the catalytic behaviour as well. To understand the properties of such a doped framework, it is necessary to determine where dopant ions are actually incorporated. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) are applied to reveal the nearest environment of the paramagnetic vanadium(IV) dopant ions. EPR spectra of as‐synthesised vanadium‐doped MIL‐53 are recorded at S‐, X‐, Q‐ and W‐band microwave frequencies. The EPR spectra suggest that at low dopant concentrations (1.0–2.6 mol %) the vanadium(IV) ions are well dispersed in the matrix. Varying the vanadium dopant concentration within this range or the dopant salt leads to the same dominant EPR component. In the ENDOR spectra, hyperfine (HF) interactions with 1H, 27Al and 51V nuclei are observed. The HF parameters extracted from simulations strongly suggest that the vanadium(IV) ions substitute Al in the framework.
Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone: A diagnostic pitfall in the submandibular region
Authors: Rito Miguel , Cabrera Rafael Adame 
Published: August 2015

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant chondroid matrix‐producing neoplasm which usually presents in the bones of the pelvis, followed by the proximal femur, proximal humerus, distal femur and ribs.The occurrence of this lesion in the hyoid bone is exceedingly rare, with only a few reported cases, and its diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in this particular location, to our knowledge, has never been addressed. Furthermore, the sampling of chondroid matrix at this site can pose a diagnostic dilemma with other lesions of the submandibular region.This report describes the clinical, radiologic and cytologic features on FNAC of a chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone, emphasizing the diagnostic pitfalls of this entity and expanding the cytologic differential diagnosis of tumors of the submandibular region. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:933–936. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors on microRNA Expression and Cancer Therapy: A Review
Authors: Ali Saira R. , Humphreys Karen J. , McKinnon Ross A. , Michael Michael Z. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Chromatin‐modifying drugs, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), have shown potential as cancer therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other therapies. HDACi have the ability to reverse aberrant epigenetic modifications associated with cancer, namely dysregulated histone acetylation. There are currently three FDA approved HDACi; vorinostat, romidepsin, and panobinostat. Epigenetic modifications can regulate the expression of protein coding genes, and in addition can alter expression of microRNA (miRNA) genes. Many miRNAs play key roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis, and are commonly dysregulated in cancer states. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the ability of chromatin‐modifying drugs to alter miRNA expression, which may provide the basis for further investigation of miRNAs as therapeutic targets or as biomarkers of drug response. This review summarises findings from studies investigating the effects of HDACi on miRNA expression, as well as key clinical trials involving HDACi. Understanding how chromatin‐modifying drugs epigenetically modulate miRNA genes provides further insight into the cellular mechanisms that deliver therapeutic responses, and may assist in refining treatment strategies. Drug Dev Res 76 : 296–317, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does miRNA‐155 Promote Cyclooxygenase‐2 Expression in Cancer?
Authors: Comer Brian S. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

MicroRNA (miR)‐155 and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 are both elevated in numerous cancers including colorectal cancer. MiR‐155 enhances COX‐2 expression and is an established regulator of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition and inflammation. Inhibition of miR‐155 or COX‐2 exhibit similar negative effects on tumorigenicity. Thus, it is hypothesized that miR‐155 may be a promising target for antagonizing COX‐2 expression in colorectal and other cancers. Drug Dev Res 76 : 354–356, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motivations to Contribute to Public Goods: Beyond rational choice economics
Authors: Popa Florin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe dominant understanding of how motivations to contribute to public goods are generated and sustained is largely shaped by the combined action of rational choice theory and neoclassical economics. This understanding relies on three key assumptions: individualism, instrumentalism and market equilibration. This paper questions the theoretical consistency and empirical relevance of these assumptions and of their associated policy model. I argue that a significant revision of this motivational theory is needed, one that takes into account intrinsic incentives, trust and strong reciprocity, as well as the effect of social and institutional context, monetization and market interactions on the propensity to contribute to public goods. The paper concludes by outlining the implications of this theoretical reconsideration for the organization of scientific research and for more effective policy‐making to sustain public goods provision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Unconventional Determinants of Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The role of trust
Authors: Carattini Stefano , Baranzini Andrea , Roca Jordi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSocial norms have been included in the theory of collective action to overcome difficulties in explaining why commons may perform better when self‐regulated. The role of trust has been identified in several contexts of local social dilemmas, but only recently has been extended to global commons, based on large descriptive evidence collected by Elinor Ostrom. However, no quantitative evidence was available until now. Using a dataset of 29 European countries over the period 1990–2007, we provide empirical evidence in favour of the role of trust in global dilemmas. We find a non‐negligible impact of trust on greenhouse gas emissions, which can support Ostrom's intuition on the social roots of pro‐environmental behaviour. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
An Ethnographic Analysis of the Role of Power in Institutional Arrangements: Borehole cost recovery within a pastoral community in North‐Western Namibia
Authors: Menestrey Schwieger Diego A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe role of power in the development of institutions governing the use of common‐pool resources has been given little emphasis in the leading theories in this field. A case study from north‐western Namibia illustrates how power and bargaining strategies shape institutional arrangements concerning the cost recovery of a communal water point. The example shows how policy reforms based on Ostrom's design principles clash with local dynamics of power asymmetries and social interdependencies. This article indicates that Ostrom's framework does not consider the possibility that resource appropriators might develop and implement institutions that disadvantage the less powerful members of a community. To explain how such ‘unfair’ institutions evolve and endure, Knight's bargaining theory of institutions is offered as a supplementary model. After discussion, the article concludes with an outlook prompting a reassessment of the concepts of ‘institutional failure’ in which only environmental factors are implicated, while social ones are ignored. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Common bean in highly variable weather conditions, on sandy soils, and food security in a subtropical environment
Authors: Reichert José Miguel , Rodrigues Miriam Fernanda , Awe Gabriel Oladele , Riquelme Ursino Federico Barreto , Kaiser Douglas Rodrigo , Reinert Dalvan José 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCommon bean is a vital component of food security and reduction in malnutrition in developing nations of the world. In a year of low rainfall and high temperature during flowering and high rainfall during grain filling, we studied the effects of (1) water availability and tillage on soil structural formation and on water retention, growth and productivity of common bean, and (2) time series analysis of soil available water and its relationship with related atmospheric variables. Soil management systems consisted of no‐tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), chiseling 2 days before sowing (Ch0), and 1 year before sowing (Ch1), in complete randomized block design and four replications. Air temperature, rainfall, soil available water, and air capacity were monitored throughout the 78‐days bean cycle, and time series analysis of data was performed. Water availability in topsoil reached limiting values, close to the permanent wilting point, limiting proper development of bean at flowering. Water availability was higher in periods of limited rainfall in untilled soils (NT and Ch1). Low soil availability of water and high air temperatures during flowering and grain filling stages affected grain production but grain yield did not differ statistically among tillage systems, which was similar to the average yield obtained in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Temporal distribution of soil available water did not correlate with daily rainfall but correlated with air temperature. Time series analysis was adequate for estimating soil available water from its previous and related variables. Conservation agriculture (no‐tillage and old‐chiseling) improves water conditions in soil, but with long periods of water deficit there is no guarantee for high food production; thus, supplementary irrigation may still be necessary to reduce the combined effects of abiotic factors of air temperature and rainfall.