bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Probiotic Therapy on Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters of Rats With Ligature‐Induced Periodontitis Associated With Restraint Stress
Authors: Foureaux Renata de C. , Messora Michel R. , de Oliveira Luiz Fernando F. , Napimoga Marcelo H. , Pereira Andressa N.J. , Ferreira Matheus S. , Pereira Luciano J. 
Published: October 2013

Background:This study evaluates the effects of probiotic therapy (PT) in rats with ligature‐induced periodontitis associated with restraint stress.Methods:Sixty‐four rats were divided into control, stress (STR), probiotic (PROB), periodontal disease (PD), STR‐PROB, STR‐PD, STR‐PROB‐PD, and PROB‐PD groups. The probiotic was added to the drinking water for 44 days. PD was induced by a ligature. In STR groups, the animals were subjected to restraint stress for 2.5 hours per day for 30 days.Results:Rats with PD exhibited increased alveolar bone loss (P<0.05), as well as increased levels of cyclooxygenase‐2, serum C‐terminal telopeptide (CTX), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38), and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand and decreased levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG). Stressed rats presented high levels of C‐peptide, corticosterone, and glucose (P<0.05). In general, the presence of stress reduced the expression of CTX and p38 (P<0.05). PT reduced alveolar bone loss in unstressed animals. It also decreased expression of CTX and induced increased expression of OPG in unstressed animals with PD. However, PT was not effective in preventing bone loss or altering the expression of inflammatory markers in stressed animals. PT decreased the number of inflammatory cells in the periodontal tissue (P<0.05). Groups with stress and PD showed decreased villous height and crypt depth. Stress seemed to prevent part of the probiotic beneficial effects on the small intestine.Conclusions:Based on the methodology used, PT may reduce tissue breakdown resulting from PD in unstressed rats. The protocol used for restraint stress influenced the immunomodulatory effects of PT in intestinal and periodontal tissues.
Cohort Study of Insulin Glargine and Risk of Breast, Prostate, and Colorectal Cancer Among Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Habel Laurel A. , Danforth Kim N. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Capra Angela , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Weiss Noel S. , Ferrara Assiamira 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To examine whether use of insulin glargine, compared with another long-acting insulin, is associated with risk of breast, prostate, colorectal cancer, or all cancers combined.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Computerized health records from Kaiser Permanente Northern and Southern California regions starting in 2001 and ending in 2009 were used to conduct a population-based cohort study among patients with diabetes aged ≥18 years. With use of Cox regression modeling, cancer risk in users of insulin glargine (n = 27,418) was compared with cancer risk in users of NPH (n = 100,757).

RESULTS
The cohort had a median follow-up of 3.3 years during which there was a median of 1.2 years of glargine use and 1.4 years of NPH use. Among users of NPH at baseline, there was no clear increase in risk of breast, prostate, colorectal, or all cancers combined associated with switching to glargine. Among those initiating insulin, ever use or ≥2 years of glargine was not associated with increased risk of prostate or colorectal cancer or all cancers combined. Among initiators, the hazard ratio (HR) for breast cancer associated with ever use of glargine was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0–1.8); the HR for breast cancer associated with use of glargine for ≥2 years was 1.6 or 1.7 depending on whether glargine users had also used NPH.

CONCLUSIONS
Results of this study should be viewed cautiously, given the relatively short duration of glargine use to date and the large number of potential associations examined.
Both Dietary Protein and Fat Increase Postprandial Glucose Excursions in Children With Type 1 Diabetes, and the Effect Is Additive
Authors: Smart Carmel E.M. , Evans Megan , O’Connell Susan M. , McElduff Patrick , Lopez Prudence E. , Jones Timothy W. , Davis Elizabeth A. , King Bruce R. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To determine the separate and combined effects of high-protein (HP) and high-fat (HF) meals, with the same carbohydrate content, on postprandial glycemia in children using intensive insulin therapy (IIT).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-three subjects aged 8–17 years were given 4 test breakfasts with the same carbohydrate amount but varying protein and fat quantities: low fat (LF)/low protein (LP), LF/HP, HF/LP, and HF/HP. LF and HF meals contained 4 g and 35 g fat. LP and HP meals contained 5 g and 40 g protein. An individually standardized insulin dose was given for each meal. Postprandial glycemia was assessed by 5-h continuous glucose monitoring.

RESULTS
Compared with the LF/LP meal, mean glucose excursions were greater from 180 min after the LF/HP meal (2.4 mmol/L [95% CI 1.1–3.7] vs. 0.5 mmol/L [−0.8 to 1.8]; P = 0.02) and from 210 min after the HF/LP meal (1.8 mmol/L [0.3–3.2] vs. −0.5 mmol/L [−1.9 to 0.8]; P = 0.01). The HF/HP meal resulted in higher glucose excursions from 180 min to 300 min (P &lt; 0.04) compared with all other meals. There was a reduction in the risk of hypoglycemia after the HP meals (odds ratio 0.16 [95% CI 0.06–0.41]; P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Meals high in protein or fat increase glucose excursions in youth using IIT from 3 h to 5 h postmeal. Protein and fat have an additive impact on the delayed postprandial glycemic rise. Protein had a protective effect on the development of hypoglycemia.
Safety of Nighttime 2-Hour Suspension of Basal Insulin in Pump-Treated Type 1 Diabetes Even in the Absence of Low Glucose
Authors: Sherr Jennifer L. , Palau Collazo Miladys , Cengiz Eda , Michaud Camille , Carria Lori , Steffen Amy T. , Weyman Kate , Zgorski Melinda , Tichy Eileen , Tamborlane William V. , Weinzimer Stuart A. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
An integrated sensor-augmented pump system has been introduced that interrupts basal insulin infusion for 2 h if patients fail to respond to low-glucose alarms. It has been suggested that such interruptions of basal insulin due to falsely low glucose levels detected by sensor could lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. We hypothesized that random suspension of basal insulin for 2 h in the overnight period would not lead to clinically important increases in blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels despite widely varying glucose values prior to the suspension.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects measured blood glucose and blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels using a meter each night at 9:00 p.m., then fasted until the next morning. On control nights, the usual basal rates were continued; on experimental nights, the basal insulin infusion was reprogrammed for a 2-h zero basal rate at random times after 11:30 p.m.

RESULTS
In 17 type 1 diabetic subjects (mean age 24 ± 9 years, diabetes duration 14 ± 11 years, A1C level 7.3 ± 0.5% [56 mmol/mol]), blood glucose and blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels were similar at 9:00 p.m. on suspend nights (144 ± 63 mg/dL and 0.09 ± 0.07 mmol/L) and nonsuspend nights (151 ± 65 mg/dL and 0.08 ± 0.06 mmol/L) (P = 0.39 and P = 0.47, respectively). Fasting morning blood glucose levels increased after suspend nights compared with nonsuspend nights (191 ± 68 vs. 141 ± 75 mg/dL, P &lt; 0.0001), and the frequency of fasting hypoglycemia decreased the morning following suspend nights (P &lt; 0.0001). Morning blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels were slightly higher after suspension (0.13 ± 0.14 vs. 0.09 ± 0.11 mmol/L, P = 0.053), but the difference was not clinically important.

CONCLUSIONS
Systems that suspend basal insulin for 2 h are safe and do not lead to clinically significant ketonemia even if the blood glucose level is elevated at the time of the suspension.
The Effect of Burst-Duty-Cycle Parameters of Medium-Frequency Alternating Current on Maximum Electrically Induced Torque of the Quadriceps Femoris, Discomfort, and Tolerated Current Amplitude in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Liebano Richard Eloin , Waszczuk Silas , Corrêa Juliana Barbosa 
Published: October 2013

Study Design Repeated-measures, within-subject crossover trial. Objectives The primary objective was to assess the effect of the burst-duty-cycle parameters of medium-frequency alternating current on the maximum electrically induced torque of the quadriceps femoris. The secondary objectives were to evaluate the amount of discomfort tolerated and the maximum current amplitude delivered for each electrical-stimulation condition. Background Neuromuscular electrical stimulation used for muscle strengthening can improve functional performance. However, the electrical-stimulation parameters to achieve optimal outcomes are still unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated that the characteristics of the burst duty cycle of medium-frequency alternating current influence torque-generation levels and perception of sensory discomfort. Methods The maximum electrically induced torque was assessed with a medium-frequency alternating current, with a carrier frequency of 2500 Hz and a modulated frequency of 50 Hz. The current amplitude was gradually increased to the point of the participant's maximum tolerance level. The testing sequence for the 3 burst duty cycles (20%, 35%, and 50%) was performed in a randomized order. Results Electrical stimulation using a 20% burst duty cycle produced an electrically induced torque greater than the 35% (P = .01) and 50% (P<.01) burst duty cycles, with no difference between the 35% and 50% burst duty cycles (P = .46). There was no difference in the amount of sensory discomfort produced by the 3 durations of burst duty cycles (P = .34). There was also no difference between the 3 conditions for the maximum current amplitude tolerated (P = .62). Conclusion The burst duty cycle of 20% of medium-frequency alternating current, compared to burst duty cycles of 35% and 50%, produced higher peak torque of the quadriceps femoris in professional soccer players. There was no difference in discomfort produced and current amplitude tolerated between the different burst-duty-cycle conditions. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(12):920–926. Epub 30 October 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4656
The Modified Sleeper Stretch and Modified Cross-body Stretch to Increase Shoulder Internal Rotation Range of Motion in the Overhead Throwing Athlete
Authors: Wilk Kevin E. , Hooks Todd R. , Macrina Leonard C. 
Published: October 2013

Synopsis Stretching techniques that focus on increasing posterior shoulder soft tissue flexibility are commonly incorporated into prevention and treatment programs for the overhead athlete. The cross-body and sleeper stretch exercises have been described as stretching techniques to improve posterior shoulder soft tissue flexibility and to increase glenohumeral joint internal rotation and horizontal adduction range of motion in the overhead athlete. But, based on the inability to stabilize the scapula and control glenohumeral joint rotation with the cross-body stretch and the potential for subacromial impingement with the sleeper stretch, the authors recommend modifications to both of these commonly performed stretches. This clinical commentary reviews the literature on posterior shoulder stretches, describes modifications to both of these commonly performed stretches, and outlines a strategy to maintain or improve posterior shoulder soft tissue flexibility and glenohumeral joint internal rotation range of motion in the overhead athlete. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(12):891–894. Epub 30 October 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4990
The effect of leaf shape on the thermoregulation and frost tolerance of an annual vine, Ipomoea hederacea (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Campitelli Brandon E. , Gorton Amanda J. , Ostevik Katherine L. , Stinchcombe John R. 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of study: Leaf shape is predicted to have important ecophysiological consequences; for example, theory predicts that lobed leaves should track air temperature more closely than their entire‐margined counterparts. Hence, leaf‐lobing may be advantageous during cold nights (∼0°C) when there is the risk of damage by radiation frost (a phenomenon whereby leaves fall below air temperature because of an imbalance between radiational heat loss and convective heat gain).• Methods: Here, we test whether radiation frost can lead to differential damage between leaf shapes by examining a leaf‐shape polymorphism in Ipomoea hederacea, where leaves are either lobed or heart‐shaped depending on a single Mendelian locus. We logged leaf temperature during midautumn, and measured chlorophyll fluorescence and survival as proxies of performance. Furthermore, we tested if the leaf‐shape locus confers freezing tolerance using freezing assays on leaf tissue from different leaf shapes.• Key results: We found that lobed leaves consistently remain warmer than heart‐shaped leaves during the night, but that no pattern emerged during the day, and that temperature differences between leaf shapes were typically small. Furthermore, we found that leaf types did not differ in frost tolerance, but that a 1°C decrease leads to a transition from moderate to complete damage.• Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that Ipomoea hederacea leaf shapes do experience different nighttime temperatures, and that only minor temperature differences can lead to disparate levels of freezing damage, suggesting that the differential thermoregulation could result in different levels of frost damage.
Prospective du management des ressources humaines face au comportement des jeunes salariés très qualifiés
Authors: Brillet Franck , Coutelle Patricia , Hulin Annabelle 
Published: October 2013

Le marché du travail présente aujourd’hui une situation extrêmement paradoxale : d’un côté un taux de chômage qui reste relativement élevé et, de l’autre côté, des offres d’emplois qui ne sont pas pourvues. Parallèlement, le comportement au travail des nouvelles générations évolue et ne se caractérise plus de la même façon. Dans ce contexte, les organisations s’interrogent sur les pratiques et outils RH à mettre en œuvre. Ainsi, la problématique de cette recherche est la suivante : quels sont les devenirs possibles du management des ressources humaines au regard des attentes et des représentations des jeunes salariés très qualifiés ? Pour y répondre, une recherche empirique composée de deux phases a été mise en œuvre : une phase qualitative auprès d’un pôle de compétitivité, fortement pourvoyeurs d’emplois qualifiés, et une phase quantitative auprès de jeunes salariés très qualifiés.
Comunicación de una experiencia clínica con autodaño desde el enfoque estratégico de terapia breve
Authors: Calderón P. Carolina 
Published: October 2013

El objetivo de este artículo es dar cuenta de un proceso terapéutico de enfoque estratégico empleado en un caso único de Self Injury Behavior. Las estrategias centrales de la intervención fueron la reformulación y prescripción de comportamiento, encontrando, en el enfoque estratégico, una alternativa para el tratamiento de esta clase de síntomas considerados de difícil tratamiento.
Indicadores gráficos de la prueba del Dibujo de la Figura Humana en adolescentes hombres y mujeres de 12 a 16 años víctimas de agresiones sexuales
Authors: Opazo Baeza Virginia , Rivera Toledo Javiera 
Published: October 2013

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo determinar la existencia de indicadores gráficos diferenciales en la prueba del Dibujo de la Figura Humana (DFH), entre adolescentes de 12 a 16 años, de ambos sexos, que hayan sufrido una agresión sexual crónica intrafamiliar o por parte de un conocido extrafamiliar, de aquellos en que no se sospeche dicha agresión. Para ello se evaluaron 130 indicadores gráficos, de los cuales 17 resultaron significativos considerando la variable "agresión sexual". De éstos, 3 se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el grupo agredido sexualmente, y los 14 indicadores restantes se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el grupo control. Además, se observaron respuestas diferenciales considerando la variable sexo en cada grupo de estudio.
Militantismo sindical en Chile. Subjetivación, estrategia y socialización en trayectorias individuales
Authors: Gutiérrez Crocco Francisca 
Published: October 2013

El artículo presenta una discusión teórica sobre la manera de concebir las trayectorias de los dirigentes sindicales. La sociología ha ayudado a oponer tres figuras: el militante de estructura, el militanteprofesional y el militante iluminado. Cada una se caracteriza por intentar explicar el comportamiento de los dirigentes según una sola lógica: la primera, según la lógica de socialización; la segunda, según la lógicaestratégica; la tercera, según la lógica de subjetivación. Siguiendo la línea de varios autores contemporáneos, se plantea la necesidad de integrar estos tres modelos. Para ello se propone un modelo centrado en la nociónde acontecimiento como detonador de un proceso de subjetivación, y la noción de espacio como conjunto de posibles combinaciones de estrategias y determinaciones sociales.
The role of fibrinogen in trauma-induced coagulopathy
Authors: Schlimp C. J. , Schöchl H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryFibrinogen plays an essential role in clot formation and stability. Importantly it seems to be the most vulnerable coagulation factor, reaching critical levels earlier than the others during the course of severe injury. A variety of causes of fibrinogen depletion in major trauma have been identified, such as blood loss, dilution, consumption, hyperfibrinolysis, hypothermia and acidosis. Low concentrations of fibrinogen are associated with an increased risk of diffuse microvascular bleeding. Therefore, repeated measurements of plasma fibrinogen concentration are strongly recommended in trauma patients with major bleeding. Recent guidelines recommend maintaining plasma fibrinogen concentration at 1.5–2 g/l in coagulopathic patients. It has been shown that early fibrinogen substitution is associated with improved outcome.
Histologic and Immunohistochemical Analyses of Endometrial Carcinomas: Experiences From Endometrial Biopsies in 358 Consultation Cases
Authors: Wei Jian-Jun , Paintal Ajit , Keh Pacita 
Published: October 2013

Context.—Uterine serous carcinoma is biologically more aggressive than the endometrioid carcinoma. Because uterine serous carcinoma has a high propensity for lymphovascular invasion and intraperitoneal and extra-abdominal spread, accurate diagnosis of this tumor type in endometrial biopsies/curettings is critical for appropriate clinical management.
Objective.—To share our experience in the evaluation of endometrial biopsy specimens in type I and type II endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Design.—We retrospectively reviewed 358 biopsies containing endometrial carcinoma during a recent 3 year period of our consultation records. In cases in which our interpretation differed from the submitting diagnosis, a panel of immunostains was performed. The performance characteristics of each antibody in our panel was calculated in this group of challenging cases.
Results.—Among the endometrial carcinomas we examined, a diagnosis of type I carcinoma accounted for 91% of cases (327 of 358) and type II carcinoma for 9% of cases (31 of 358); 41 cases (11.5%) were ambiguous or discordant (differing from submitted diagnoses and reviewed) based on histology alone. All 41 ambiguous and discordant cases were further evaluated with a battery of immunohistochemical markers. Of the 41 cases, 36 (88%) were ultimately classified (10 cases [24%] were endometrioid carcinoma; 18 cases [44%] were uterine serous carcinoma; 8 cases [20%] resulted in various other outcomes) and 5 cases (12%) remained indeterminate.
Conclusions.—Making the distinction between type I and II endometrial carcinoma remains a common problem in general practice. Although no one biomarker provides excellent statistical performance, a panel of immunohistochemical markers is often useful in difficult cases.
Reference Intervals of Reticulated Platelets and Other Platelet Parameters and Their Associations
Authors: Hoffmann Johannes J. M. L. , van den Broek Nicole M. A. , Curvers Joyce 
Published: October 2013

Context.—Reticulated platelets are platelets recently released from the bone marrow, and they can serve as a noninvasive indicator of recent megakaryopoietic activity. Widespread clinical use has been hampered by laborious methods and lack of standardization. Recently, a fully automated method was released on the Abbott CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer.Objective.—To establish reference ranges for reticulated platelets. Secondary aims were to investigate associations between reticulated platelets and other platelet parameters like mean platelet volume, plateletcrit, and platelet distribution width.Design.—Reticulated platelets and other platelet parameters were measured in an unselected cohort of 8089 subjects visiting a primary health care laboratory. The reticulated platelet data were analyzed using the Bhattacharya technique. In addition, a nonparametric method was used in selected subjects with normal platelet counts for providing reference ranges.Results.—Reticulated platelets ranged from 0.4% to 6.0% or from 1 to 18 × 103/μL. Reticulated platelets increased significantly with the subjects' age. Statistically, males had slightly higher values than females, but the differences were negligible. Reticulated platelets were positively correlated with platelet count and negatively with mean platelet volume.Conclusions.—Reference ranges have been established for reticulated platelets as measured on the CELL-DYN Sapphire hematology analyzer. There were no relevant differences between the sexes, but there was a clear effect of age. An individual's reticulated platelets are associated with the platelet count as well as mean platelet volume.
Matching Face Images Taken on the Same Day or Months Apart: the Limitations of Photo ID
Authors: Megreya Ahmed M. , Sandford Adam , Burton A. Mike 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIt is well‐established that matching images of unfamiliar faces is rather error prone. However, there is an important mismatch between face matching in laboratory and realistic settings. All of the currently available face‐matching databases were designed to establish the baseline level of unfamiliar face perception. Therefore, target and test images for each face identity have been taken on the same day, minimizing within‐face variations. In realistic settings, on the other hand, faces do vary, even day to day. This study examined the proficiency of matching images of unfamiliar faces, which were taken on the same day or months apart. In two experiments, same‐day images were matched substantially more accurately and faster than different‐date photographs using the standard 1‐in‐10 and pairwise face‐matching tasks. This suggests that experimental studies on face matching underestimate its difficulty in real‐world situations. Photographs of unfamiliar faces seem to be unreliable proofs of identity, especially if the ID documents do not use very recent images of the holders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.