bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy in Rural India with Particular Reference to Obstetrical Risk Factors and Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Joshi Prashant , Dutta Dilip Kumar 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the outcome and complications in teenage primigravida when compared to primigravidae of adult age group.

Materials and methods
A massive study involving 984 patients was undertaken. It was a prospective case control study was done for 30 months from July 2010 to January 2013 at Rural Medical College-Hospital, Karnataka. During this period booked and unbooked cases were included in the study and for every teenage primigravidae one subsequent adult primigravidae were studied. Patients with major skeletal deformity, such as kyphoscoliosis, polio, pelvic fracture, diabetes mellitus, renal disorders, morbid obesity, All cases of molar pregnancy and primigravidas admitted for abortion were excluded.

Results
Among 492 teenage and equal adult primigravidae, 51.8% of teenage were unbooked compared to 13.6% of adults. 68.4% of teenage were anemic compared to 33.32% of adults, antenatal complications like anemia, Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, oligohydramnios, hypothyroid were significantly more in teenagers (69.5%) compared to adults (19.3%), 33.7% of teenagers had preterm birth compared to 8.72% in adults. 48.3% of teenagers had LSCS compared to 21.9% of adults. Indication was CPD in majority of teenagers (45.4%). 31.74% of teenagers had low birth weight child compared to 16.6% in adults and 34.5% of teenage neonates required NICU admission compared to 12.4% in adults.

Interpretation and conclusion
It can be interpreted that teenagers had significant number of complications in pregnancy including leading cause being anemia, more preterm incidences and higher rate of LSCS followed by higher number of NICU admission. Pregnancy itself has a tremendous effect on teenage and her family. Teenage pregnancy is more common in low socioeconomic status, due to lack of education, awareness of complications of teenage pregnancy, and various other factors. Hence awareness and various programmes should be taken up to educate mainly the poor in our rural setup. As early marriage cannot be prevented in our culture so possibly the awareness regarding late conception can be taken up as of utmost importance.

How to cite this article
Dutta I, Dutta DK, Joshi P. Outcome of Teenage Pregnancy in Rural India with Particular Reference to Obstetrical Risk Factors and Perinatal Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):102-106.
Cause of Neonatal Sepsis: Transplacental vs Environmental
Authors: Shiradkar Swati , Bapat Gauri N , Bhalchandra Manjushree H , Mande Shubhangi , Bansal Mangala 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To study the role of transplacental transmission and environmental factors in neonatal sepsis (0-3) days and incidence of early neonatal sepsis in obstetrics and gynecology wards of MGM Medical College Hospital.

Materials and methods
The study was carried out on 100 full term women and their babies who delivered in MGM hospital. Their cord blood cultures were done. The nasal carrier state for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in all the health professionals working in labor room was also studied.

Results
S. aureus was the most common organism grown in cord cultures of woman who delivered vaginally. None of the babies followed in wards showed any Sign of sepsis in first 72 hours. More than 50% of health professionals working in labor room were carriers of S. aureus.

Conclusion
S. aureus is having environmental source and it causes late neonatal sepsis so none of the babies developed any Sign of sepsis in first 72 hours of life. Other organisms isolated probably responded to intrapartum antibiotics or maternal immunity played its role and so babies did not showed any s/o sepsis in first 3 days.

How to cite this article
Bapat GN, Shiradkar S, Bhalchandra MH, Mande S, Bansal M. Cause of Neonatal Sepsis: Transplacental vs Environmental. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):132-134.
“Hatcht up in Villanie and Witchcraft”:
Authors: Buckley Chloe 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
The witch child manifests at the intersection of history and fiction, revealing as uncanny the desire to capture a “real” child. This article considers the BBC Four documentary The Pendle Witch Child, and Joseph Delaney's fantasy series The Wardstone Chronicles, to explore how cultural constructions of the child inform representations of witch children in the wake of the four-hundred-year anniversary of the Pendle witches. Historical narratives that attempt to “recuperate” as real an innocent child victim are destabilized by an uncanny witch child who resists this recuperation. The witch child is uncanny because it reveals what ought to have remained hidden: there is no real child. Fantasy narratives have been viewed with some scorn in recent commentary on the Pendle witches. However, this article argues that fantasy's disregard for historical veracity allows space for the uncanny witch child to become something more than simply horrifying. Without a need to capture a real child, fantasy can allow the witch child to inhabit multiple possibilities.
Capturing Basque Witches, Releasing Lyrical Resources:
Authors: Echeverria Begoña 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
On November 8, 1610, eleven Basque “witches” were burned at the stake in Logroño, Spain—six alive, five in effigy. Most of these “witches” were women. In this article, I show that the “witches” persecuted in Logroño and those “captured” by Pierre de Lancre in his treatise On the Inconstancy of Witches (1612) deviate widely from those captured in Basque song. The former represent male and female witches as sexually deviant, cannibalistic, poison-procuring servants of the Devil deserving death for profaning God's name and violating his most sacred laws. The latter features witches—always female—as unruly, fun-loving tricksters but certainly not handmaidens of the Devil. I suggest that the lyrical resources released by these Basque songs about witches remain ambiguous and deserve further study.
Voicing Women, “Community” Drama, and The Late Lancashire Witches
Authors: Eleanor Rycroft 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
On August 17, 2012, as part of the Capturing Witches: Histories, Stories, Images 400 Years After the Lancashire Witches conference held at Lancaster University, a semi-staged reading of Heywood and Brome's The Late Lancashire Witches was performed at Lancaster Castle; the first time a witch trial had been enacted at the castle since 1634, when the witches who are dramatized in the play were tried. When a Lancaster judge disagreed with the verdict against the women in 1634 they were sent to London for retrial by the Privy Council, articulating the tension between London and Lancaster, urban and rural societies, and local and centralized justice, with which the play is concerned. This article considers the dimensions of the play that were revealed through directing this practice-based research project. It focuses on female speech-acts and embodiment in the witch drama, the depiction of official and unofficial justice in the play, as well as its representation of community. It also reflects on some of the difficulties that arise from conducting research-through-practice in historic sites, as well as the benefits: for instance, how the spaces in the castle—a working court since the seventeenth century—interacted with the play and furthered an understanding of its preoccupations. It concludes with an analysis of the impact of economic changes on social constructions of neighborliness during the period, suggesting that traditional notions of hospitality and festivity were waning during the early seventeenth century, and that the activities of the witches in the play partly hark back to a time of integrated communality before the intervention of a new fiscal era.
Assessment of Soil Protection to Support Forest Planning: an Experience in Southern Italy
Authors: Ferretti Fabrizio , Cantiani Paolo , De Meo Isabella , Paletto Alessandro 
Published: March 2014

Aim of study: to support landscape planning when soil-erosion control and water cycle regulation represent relevant issues for forest management. A methodological approach - based on simplified index – is proposed in order to assess the protective efficacy of forests on soils (indirect protection). This method is aimed at supporting technicians who are requested to define the most suitable management guidelines and silvicultural treatments.Area of study: Southern Apennines (Alto Agri district – Basilicata Region - Italy), where a landscape planning experimentation was implemented. Material and Methods: The data to estimate the parameters used for the simplified index calculation are retrieved from a non aligned systematic forest inventory. The method considers: 1) the tendency towards instability, 2) the protective action of forest cover and 3) different silvicultural options.Main results: For the analysed forest categories, the results indicate the situations in which hydrogeological hazard is high. The cross-reading of these data with the values based on years of partial and total uncovering of the ground according to different silvicultural options (for each forest category in the reference period of 100 years) has supported the definition of silviculture treatments and management options suitable for the considered forest formations.Research highlights: The proposed method can effectively support technicians in the field by highlighting situations of major hazard risk. Thanks to the joined assessment of different silvicultural options for each forest category, a series of silvicultural treatments, capable of better protecting the soil, can be already defined in the field survey phase.Key words: Alto Agri district (Italy); Forest Landscape Management Planning (FLMP); management; silvicultural treatment; protective function and soil erosion.
Le genre à l’épreuve des neurosciences
Authors: Vidal Catherine 
Published: March 2014

Une avancée majeure des recherches en neurosciences est d’avoir révélé les extraordinaires capacités de « plasticité » du cerveau qui se façonne en fonction de l’histoire vécue. Au cours des apprentissages et des expériences, la structure intime du cerveau se modifie sans cesse avec la fabrication de nouvelles connexions entre les neurones. Rien n’est à jamais figé dans le cerveau, quels que soient les âges de la vie. Le concept de plasticité cérébrale apporte un éclairage neurobiologique fondamental sur les processus de construction sociale et culturelle de nos identités sexuées. Il vient ainsi conforter et enrichir les recherches en sciences humaines sur le genre.
Projected Changes in Statin and Antihypertensive Therapy Eligibility With the AHA PREVENT Cardiovascular Risk Equations
Authors: Diao James A. , Shi Ivy , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Buckley Thomas A. , Patel Chirag J. , Pierson Emma , Yeh Robert W. , Kazi Dhruv S. , Wadhera Rishi K. , Manrai Arjun K. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceSince 2013, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have recommended the pooled cohort equations (PCEs) for estimating the 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). An AHA scientific advisory group recently developed the Predicting Risk of cardiovascular disease EVENTs (PREVENT) equations, which incorporated kidney measures, removed race as an input, and improved calibration in contemporary populations. PREVENT is known to produce ASCVD risk predictions that are lower than those produced by the PCEs, but the potential clinical implications have not been quantified.ObjectiveTo estimate the number of US adults who would experience changes in risk categorization, treatment eligibility, or clinical outcomes when applying PREVENT equations to existing ACC and AHA guidelines.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsNationally representative cross-sectional sample of 7765 US adults aged 30 to 79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys of 2011 to March 2020, which had response rates ranging from 47% to 70%.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDifferences in predicted 10-year ASCVD risk, ACC and AHA risk categorization, eligibility for statin or antihypertensive therapy, and projected occurrences of myocardial infarction or stroke.ResultsIn a nationally representative sample of 7765 US adults aged 30 to 79 years (median age, 53 years; 51.3% women), it was estimated that using PREVENT equations would reclassify approximately half of US adults to lower ACC and AHA risk categories (53.0% [95% CI, 51.2%-54.8%]) and very few US adults to higher risk categories (0.41% [95% CI, 0.25%-0.62%]). The number of US adults receiving or recommended for preventive treatment would decrease by an estimated 14.3 million (95% CI, 12.6 million-15.9 million) for statin therapy and 2.62 million (95% CI, 2.02 million-3.21 million) for antihypertensive therapy. The study estimated that, over 10 years, these decreases in treatment eligibility could result in 107 000 additional occurrences of myocardial infarction or stroke. Eligibility changes would affect twice as many men as women and a greater proportion of Black adults than White adults.Conclusion and RelevanceBy assigning lower ASCVD risk predictions, application of the PREVENT equations to existing treatment thresholds could reduce eligibility for statin and antihypertensive therapy among 15.8 million US adults.
Comparison of the distribution of households with regard to worshipping the same shrines or crossings, and their correspondence to the areal extent of tol—A study on the socio‐spatial structure and urban tissue in Bhaktapur, Nepal Part 1
Authors: Miyauchi Anri , Yamamoto Naohiko , Masui Masaya , Tanaka Mari , Pant Mohan , Hamaoka Asuka , Mukai Yoichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper aimed to discuss the areal extent and spatial structure of neighborhood, called tol, which possibly demarcate urban tissue with respect to worship of the deity and funerary acts. Bhaktapur is known as one of the historical cities of the World Heritage Site in Kathmandu Valley. The analysis firstly focuses on the dwelling distributions that have the common votary area of the guardian deities' temples/shrines and the use of the same crossing for funerary acts. Then, the authors compare those dwelling distribution with the areal extent of tols to find out how tol boundaries were formed. This result will be a precondition to conduct further examination on historical urban formation in the coming paper.
Retinal optical coherence tomography measures in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: El Ayoubi Nabil K. , Ismail Ali , Fahd Fares , Younes Lama , Chakra Nour A. , Khoury Samia J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpectral domain‐optical coherence tomography plays a crucial role in the early detection and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology. We aimed to quantify differences in retinal layer measures among different groups of MS and explored different variables that correlate with retinal measures. This study was reported according PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was done across PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The mean difference in thickness of retinal layers and macular volume was assessed. Meta‐regression was done to assess the sources of heterogeneity. A total of 100 articles were included in the meta‐analyses. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness significantly decreased in the MSON (MD: −16.44, P < 0.001), MSNON (MD: −6.97, P < 0.001), and PMS (MD: −11.35, P < 0.001) versus HC. The macular RNFL was lower among the MSON (MD: −6.24, P = 0.013) and MSNON (MD: −3.84, P <0.001) versus HC. Macular ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) was thinner among MSON (MD: −14.83, P <0.001), MSNON (MD: −6.38, P < 0.001), and PMS (MD: −11.52, P < 0.001) compared with control eyes. Inner nuclear layer (INL) was higher in the MSON (MD: 0.49, P < 0.001) versus HC. Outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness significantly lower in the MSNON (MD: −1.15, P = 0.019) versus HC. Meta‐regression showed that disease duration, age, EDSS score, and percentage of patients taking DMT are all negatively correlated with pRNFL and GCIPL thickness; however, female gender was correlated with less atrophy. As conclusion, the study highlights substantial thinning in the pRNFL and macular GCIPL between MS versus controls. INL as valuable parameter for capturing inflammatory disease activity.
Bespoke Dual‐Layered Interface Enabled by Cyclic Ether in Localized High‐Concentration Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Yong Min , Park Bo Keun , Kang Seungyeop , Yang Soung Jin , Choi Seung Ho , Yoo Dong‐Joo , Kim Ki Jae 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLithium metal anodes (LMAs) are regarded as a highly promising candidate for next‐generation batteries owing to their exceptional energy density. Nevertheless, the instability of the interphase poses significant safety and degradation challenges for LMAs, thereby impeding their feasibility for commercial application. Herein, based on the lessons learned from the stable solid‐electrolyte‐interface (SEI) layer formed with ethylene carbonate (EC) solvents for graphite anodes, the effects of cyclic‐ethers are systematically investigated in localized high concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) using tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL), and 1,4‐epoxybuta‐1,3‐diene (Furan) as co‐solvents. When using DME and THF as co‐solvents, the most stable interface, a LiF‐rich SEI layer with a polymeric outer‐layer, is formed, elongating the cyclability of the Li | Li symmetric cells up to 1200 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2. This research gives useful insight into how to enhance the mechanical strength of the SEI layer with polymeric compounds by incorporating cyclic‐ether co‐solvents in LHCEs.
Interstitial Boron Atoms in Pd Aerogel Selectively Switch the Pathway for Glycolic Acid Synthesis from Waste Plastics
Authors: Chen Junliang , Jiang Miaomiao , Zhang Fangzhou , Wang Li , Yang Jianping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectro‐reforming of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into valuable chemicals is garnering significant attention as it opens a mild avenue for waste resource utilization. However, achieving high activity and selectivity for valuable C2 products during ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation in PET hydrolysate on Pd electrocatalysts remains challenging. The strong interaction between Pd and carbonyl (*CO) intermediates leads to undesirable over‐oxidation and poisoning of Pd sites, which hinders the highly efficient C2 products production. Herein, a nonmetallic alloying strategy is employed to fabricate a Pd‐boron alloy aerogel (PdB), wherein B atoms are induced to regulate the electron structure and surface oxophilicity. This approach allows a remarkable mass activity of 6.71 A mgPd−1, glycolic acid (GA) Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 93.8%, and stable 100 h cyclic electrolysis. In situ experiments and density functional theory calculations reveal the contributions of B inserted in Pd lattice on highly effective EG‐to‐GA conversion. Interestingly, the heightened surface oxophilicity and regulated electronic structure by B incorporation weakened *CO intermediates adsorption and enhanced hydroxyl species affinity to accelerate oxidative *OH adspecies formation, thereby synergistically avoiding over‐oxidation and boosting GA synthesis. This work provides valuable insights for the rational design of high‐performance electrocatalysts for GA synthesis via an oxophilic B motifs incorporation strategy.
C−H Alkylation of N‐Benzyl Anilines via Visible‐Light‐Driven 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer (1,5‐HAT) of Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Xingyu , Lv Guanghui , Xu Yanning , Ye Meiling , Chen Jian , Hou Jinyu , Guo Li , Yang Zhongzhen , Wu Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere we reported the photo‐catalyzed C−H alkylation of pyridyl‐substituted N‐benzyl anilines through nitrogen‐centred radical 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer. A broad range of methylpyridyl‐substituted aniline and hydroxylamine acid derivatives were successfully transformed into the corresponding products in moderate yields without adding any base and metal. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, a broad range of substrates, remarkable functional group tolerance and simple operation procedure.
Sustainable Development of Biodegradable Antimicrobial Electrospun Membranes for Active Food Packaging and Economic Analysis
Authors: Drago Emanuela , Campardelli Roberta , Perego Patrizia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrospinning is a much‐explored technique in the membrane fabrication field, particularly in active food packaging. Despite the widespread use of this technique, there remains a significant gap in the literature regarding the actual economic evaluation of the viability of biomaterials compared to traditional plastics. This study seeks to fill this gap by developing electrospun, vanillin‐loaded zein membranes to evaluate their efficacy in terms of antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, and economic viability. From a sustainability perspective, the newly developed membranes show an impressive ability to inhibit yeast growth by 75%, with complete degradation observed in only 7 days. This underscores their potential to mitigate environmental impact and promote environmentally friendly packaging solutions to reduce both plastic waste and food loss while maintaining safety and quality. However, the economic sustainability of these membranes is still an open challenge. It becomes clear that the main bottleneck does not lie in the innovative production technology, but rather in the prices of raw materials, particularly natural additives. This underscores the need for supportive measures from institutions to incentivize the transition to sustainable packaging alternatives and the importance of the full circularity concept. This work shows that achieving the European goal of zero plastic waste requires concrete efforts.
Water‐Induced Shape‐Locking Magnetic Robots
Authors: Lou He , Wang Yibin , Sheng Yifeng , Zhu He , Zhu Shiping , Yu Jiangfan , Zhang Qi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUntethered magnetic soft robots capable of performing adaptive locomotion and shape reconfiguration open up possibilities for various applications owing to their flexibility. However, magnetic soft robots are typically composed of soft materials with fixed modulus, making them unable to exert or withstand substantial forces, which limits the exploration of their new functionalities. Here, water‐induced, shape‐locking magnetic robots with magnetically controlled shape change and water‐induced shape‐locking are introduced. The water‐induced phase separation enables these robots to undergo a modulus transition from 1.78 MPa in the dry state to 410 MPa after hydration. Moreover, the body material's inherent self‐healing property enables the direct assembly of morphing structures and magnetic soft robots with complicated structures and magnetization profiles. These robots can be delivered through magnetic actuation and perform programmed tasks including supporting, blocking, and grasping by on‐demand deformation and subsequent water‐induced stiffening. Moreover, a water‐stiffening magnetic stent is developed, and its precise delivery and water‐induced shape‐locking are demonstrated in a vascular phantom. The combination of untethered delivery, on‐demand shape change, and water‐induced stiffening properties makes the proposed magnetic robots promising for biomedical applications.