bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voxel‐Based Morphometry of Disproportionate Cerebrospinal Fluid Space Distribution for the Differential Diagnosis of Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Yamashita Fumio , Sasaki Makoto , Saito Makoto , Mori Etsuro , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Kudo Kohsuke , Natori Tatsunori , Uwano Ikuko , Ito Kenji , Saito Koichi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo determine whether voxel‐based morphometry of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space can accurately differentiate iNPH from other related neurological disorders.METHODSNineteen patients with surgically proven iNPH and 24 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 18 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 14 healthy elderlies were examined. Regions of interest (ROIs) in the ventricular/sylvian (VS) and high convexity/midline (HCM) areas were used in VBM, and differences in CSF volume within these ROIs among the 4 groups were examined.RESULTSThe relative CSF volume in the VS‐ROI in the iNPH group (.64) was significantly higher than that in the AD, PD, and healthy control groups (.26, .29, and .17, respectively; P < .001), whereas the relative CSF volume in the HCM‐ROI was significantly reduced in the iNPH (.10) than in the other (.17, .16, and .16, respectively) groups (P < .001). Furthermore, the ratio of the 2 areas (VS/HCM) was markedly higher in the iNPH (6.87) than in the other (1.65, 1.74, .97, respectively) groups (P < .001), with sensitivity and specificity of .89 and 1.00, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe VBM‐based CSF space analysis can detect disproportionate changes in CSF space and differentiate iNPH patients from those with AD or PD and healthy elderlies accurately.
The Enduring Impact of Maladaptive Personality Traits on Relationship Quality and Health in Later Life
Authors: Gleason Marci E. J. , Weinstein Yana , Balsis Steve , Oltmanns Thomas F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOver the past 5 years, the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) has been collecting data on personality in later life with an emphasis on maladaptive personality, social integration, and health outcomes in a representative sample of 1,630 adults aged 55–64 living in the St. Louis area. This program has confirmed the importance of considering both the normal range of personality and in particular the role of maladaptive traits in order to understand individuals' relationships, life events, and health outcomes. In the current article, we discuss the explanatory benefits of considering maladaptive traits or traits associated with personality disorders when discussing the role of personality in social and health outcomes, with an emphasis on adults in middle to later life, and integrate these findings into the greater literature.
Age‐dependent baseline values of faecal cortisol metabolites in the American mink (Neovison vison) under semi‐natural housing conditions
Authors: Rauch E. , Bergmann S. , Hagn A. , Meixensperger J. , Reese S. , Palme R. , Erhard M.H. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe welfare of an animal is ensured if it is able to fully satisfy its essential species‐typical needs in all functional aspects of behaviour. In mink, stereotypies and apathy, internal and/or external injuries as well as increased susceptibility to disease have been known to occur as a result of chronic stress. The non‐invasive method of analysing faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) allows conclusions to be drawn about the stress level in the respective housing system. The objective of this study is to find out how the cortisol metabolites content in the faecal changes with increasing age of the mink under semi‐natural housing conditions. Thus, 40 American mink (Neovison vison) were housed in two outdoor enclosures imitating natural conditions. Throughout the entire study (13th to 32nd week of life), faecal samples were collected to measure cortisol metabolites. No differences in FCM concentrations between the two outdoor enclosures were found. In the young mink lower, less fluctuating FCM levels were found than in older animals. After the first faecal collection in the 13th/14th week of life, the level of metabolites decreased slightly (p = 0.032; 17th/18th week). From the 22nd/23rd week onwards until the 30th/31st week, shortly before the animals were pelted, continuously increasing concentrations were then measured. Increasing FCM levels with advancing age of the animals are probably attributable to the onset of sexual maturity and/or the respective season. This has to be taken into account in future studies using this method for assessing welfare and when comparing different mink housing systems.
Comparison of hepatic adaptation in extreme metabolic phenotypes observed in early lactation dairy cows on‐farm
Authors: van Dorland H. A. , Graber M. , Kohler S. , Steiner A. , Bruckmaier R. M. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe aim was to study the variation in metabolic responses in early‐lactating dairy cows (n = 232) on‐farm that were pre‐selected for a high milk fat content (>45 g/l) and a high fat/protein ratio in milk (>1.5) in their previous lactation. Blood was assayed for concentrations of metabolites and hormones. Liver was measured for mRNA abundance of 25 candidate genes encoding enzymes and receptors involved in gluconeogenesis (6), fatty acid β‐oxidation (6), fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis (5), cholesterol synthesis (4), ketogenesis (2) and the urea cycle (2). Two groups of cows were formed based on the plasma concentrations of glucose, non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) (GRP+, high metabolic load; glucose <3.0 mm, NEFA >300 μm and BHBA >1.0 mm, n = 30; GRP−, low metabolic load; glucose >3.0 mm, NEFA <300 μm and BHBA <1.0 mm, n = 30). No differences were found between GRP+ and GRP− for the milk yield at 3 weeks post‐partum, but milk fat content was higher (p < 0.01) for GRP+ than for GRP‐. In week 8 post‐partum, milk yield was higher in GRP+ in relation to GRP− (37.5 vs. 32.5 kg/d; p < 0.01). GRP+ in relation to GRP− had higher (p < 0.001) NEFA and BHBA and lower glucose, insulin, IGF‐I, T3, T4 concentrations (p < 0.01). The mRNA abundance of genes related to gluconeogenesis, fatty acid β‐oxidation, fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, cholesterol synthesis and the urea cycle was different in GRP+ compared to GRP− (p < 0.05), although gene transcripts related to ketogenesis were similar between GRP+ and GRP−. In conclusion, high metabolic load post‐partum in dairy cows on‐farm corresponds to differences in the liver in relation to dairy cows with low metabolic load, even though all cows were pre‐selected for a high milk fat content and fat/protein ratio in milk in their previous lactation.
Attendance at specialist hepatitis clinics and initiation of antiviral treatment among persons chronically infected with hepatitis C: examining the early impact of Scotland's Hepatitis C Action Plan
Authors: McDonald S. A. , Hutchinson S. J. , Innes H. A. , Allen S. , Bramley P. , Bhattacharyya D. , Carman W. , Dillon J. F. , Fox R. , Fraser A. , Goldberg D. J. , Kennedy N. , Mills P. R. , Morris J. , Stanley A. J. , Wilks D. , Hayes P. C. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryPrimary goals of the Hepatitis C Action Plan for Scotland Phase II (May 2008–March 2011) were to increase, among persons chronically infected with the hepatitis C (HCV) virus, attendance at specialist outpatient clinics and initiation on antiviral therapy. We evaluated progress towards these goals by comparing the odds, across time, of (a) first clinic attendance within 12 months of HCV diagnosis (n = 9747) and (b) initiation on antiviral treatment within 12 months of first attendance (n = 5736). Record linkage between the national HCV diagnosis (1996–2009) and HCV clinical (1996–2010) databases and logistic regression analyses were conducted for both outcomes. For outcome (a), 32% and 45% in the respective pre‐Phase II (before 1 May 2008) and Phase II periods attended a specialist clinic within 12 months of diagnosis; the odds of attendance within 12 months increased over time (OR = 1.05 per year, 95% CI: 1.04–1.07), but was not significantly greater for persons diagnosed with HCV in the Phase II era, compared with the pre‐Phase II era (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.9–1.3), after adjustment for temporal trend. For outcome (b), 13% and 28% were initiated on treatment within 12 months of their first clinic attendance in the pre‐Phase II and Phase II periods, respectively. Higher odds of treatment initiation were associated with first clinic attendance in the Phase II (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5–2.4), compared with the pre‐Phase II era. Results were consistent with a positive impact of the Hepatitis C Action Plan on the treatment of chronically infected individuals, but further monitoring is required to confirm a sustained effect.
SLC3A1andSLC7A9Mutations in Autosomal Recessive or Dominant Canine Cystinuria: A New Classification System
Authors: Brons A.‐K. , Henthorn P.S. , Raj K. , Fitzgerald C.A. , Liu J. , Sewell A.C. , Giger U. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundCystinuria, one of the first recognized inborn errors of metabolism, has been reported in many dog breeds.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine urinary cystine concentrations, inheritance, and mutations in theSLC3A1andSLC7A9genes associated with cystinuria in 3 breeds.AnimalsMixed and purebred Labrador Retrievers (n = 6), Australian Cattle Dogs (6), Miniature Pinschers (4), and 1 mixed breed dog with cystine urolithiasis, relatives and control dogs.MethodsUrinary cystinuria and aminoaciduria was assessed and exons of theSLC3A1andSLC7A9genes were sequenced from genomicDNA.ResultsIn each breed, male and female dogs, independent of neuter status, were found to form calculi. A frameshift mutation inSLC3A1(c.350delG) resulting in a premature stop codon was identified in autosomal‐recessive (AR) cystinuria in Labrador Retrievers and mixed breed dogs. A 6 bp deletion (c.1095_1100del) removing 2 threonines inSLC3A1was found in autosomal‐dominant (AD) cystinuria with a more severe phenotype in homozygous than in heterozygous Australian Cattle Dogs. A missense mutation inSLC7A9(c.964G>A) was discovered inADcystinuria in Miniature Pinschers with only heterozygous affected dogs observed to date. Breed‐specificDNAtests were developed, but the prevalence of each mutation remains unknown.Conclusions and clinical importanceThese studies describe the firstADinheritance and the first putativeSLC7A9mutation to cause cystinuria in dogs and expand our understanding of this phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disease, leading to a new classification system for canine cystinuria and better therapeutic management and genetic control in these breeds.
Controlling Vibrio vulnificus and spoilage bacteria in fresh shucked oysters using natural antimicrobials
Authors: Mahmoud B.S.M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of grape seed extract (GE), citric acid (CA) and lactic acid (LA) on the inactivation of Vibrio vulnificus and inherent microflora in fresh shucked oysters. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of GE, CA or LA against V. vulnificus was determined. Furthermore, the shucked oysters were artificially inoculated with V. vulnificus. The inoculated shucked oysters (25 g) were then dipped in 250 ml GE, CA or LA solutions for 10 min. The population of V. vulnificus in shucked oysters was determined. The effects of the treatments with GE, CA or LA solutions on the inherent microbiota in fresh shucked oysters during storage at 5°C for 20 days were also studied. The MICs of GE, CA or LA against V. vulnificus were 10·0, 5·0 or 1·0 mg ml−1, respectively. The concentrations of 500, 300 or 150 mg ml−1 GE, CA or LA solutions were needed to reduce the population of V. vulnificus to below the detection level (1·0 log g−1). Treatment with 500, 300, 150 mg ml−1 GE, CA or LA significantly reduced the initial inherent microbiota in fresh shucked oysters, and inherent levels were significantly (P &lt; 0·05) lower than the control sample throughout refrigerated storage for 20 days.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Oysters filter large volume of seawater during their feeding activities that concentrate bacteria such as Vibrio vulnificus in their body. The presence of V. vulnificus in oysters has a serious impact on public health and international trade. There is increasing concern over the use of chemical preservatives. Furthermore, the food industry is looking for new natural preservation methods. This study indicated that lactic acid and citric acid wash solutions could offer an inexpensive, natural and strong approach to control V. vulnificus and spoilage bacteria in fresh shucked for the oyster industry.
Gender and Narratology
Authors: Gymnich Marion 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn contrast to structuralist narratology, feminist narratology, which emerged in the 1980s as one of the first ‘postclassical’, context‐oriented approaches within narrative theory and was pioneered by Susan Lanser, is based on the assumption that gender is a category that is relevant to the analysis of the structural features of narratives. Seeking to link feminist theory and narratology, this branch of narrative theory has revealed blind spots and pitfalls of the supposedly gender‐neutral analyses of structuralist narratology. Moreover, feminist narratology has sought to relate textual features to relevant cultural contexts and has modified and reinterpreted narratological categories from a feminist perspective. Since the 1990s, feminist narratology has significantly broadened its scope by paying attention to a wider range of text types and media, and by drawing upon approaches and insights from linguistics. In addition, the shift from feminist theory to gender studies has left its traces in gender‐conscious approaches to narrative theory. In particular, Judith Butler's revisionist approach to gender and sex has rendered the categories that feminist narratology draws upon significantly more complex. Although a number of scholars have contributed to the challenging project of developing a feminist narratology, the validity of gender‐conscious approaches to the study of narrative structures is still contested today.
19th‐century Travel and the 21st‐century Scholar
Authors: Milsom Alex L. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article examines the emergent use of tourism theory in 19th‐century literary studies in books published since the start of the 21st century. Areas in which such interdisciplinary methods have been particularly fruitful include studies of place‐oriented individual writers like John Ruskin and Sir Walter Scott as well as in narrowly focused studies of literary tourism. The article argues that tourism theory, as conceived by sociologist Dean MacCannell and later brought to the attention of literary scholars by Jonathan Culler, has been adequately integrated into literary studies about travel and tourism and thus its scholars need no longer apologize for interdisciplinarity nor for discarding the observance of strict boundaries between literary and non‐literary genres. Twenty‐first‐century studies on the ways in which Romantic and Victorian literature helped encourage, validate, and reflect upon travel have now made it impossible to study 19th‐century tourism without studying its literature.
Metagenomic insights into microbial metabolism affecting arsenic dispersion inMediterranean marine sediments
Authors: Plewniak Frédéric , Koechler Sandrine , Navet Benjamin , Dugat‐Bony Éric , Bouchez Olivier , Peyret Pierre , Séby Fabienne , Battaglia‐Brunet Fabienne , Bertin Philippe N. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMicroorganisms dwelling in sediments have a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles and are expected to have a strong influence on the cycle of arsenic, a metalloid responsible for severe water pollution and presenting major health risks for human populations. We present here a metagenomic study of the sediment from two harbours on theMediterraneanFrench coast, l'Estaque andStMandrier. The first site is highly polluted with arsenic and heavy metals, while the arsenic concentration in the second site is below toxicity levels. The goal of this study was to elucidate the potential impact of the microbial community on the chemical parameters observed in complementary geochemical studies performed on the same sites. The metagenomic sequences, along with those from four publicly available metagenomes used as control data sets, were analysed with theRAMMCAPworkflow. The resulting functional profiles were compared to determine the over‐representedGeneOntology categories in the metagenomes of interest. Categories related to arsenic resistance and dissimilatory sulphate reduction were over‐represented in l'Estaque. More importantly, despite very similar profiles, the identification of specific sequence markers for sulphate‐reducing bacteria and sulphur‐oxidizing bacteria showed that sulphate reduction was significantly more associated with l'Estaque than withStMandrier. We propose that biotic sulphate reduction, arsenate reduction and fermentation may together explain the higher mobility of arsenic observed in l'Estaque in previous physico‐chemical studies of this site. This study also demonstrates that it is possible to draw sound conclusions from comparing complex and similar unassembled metagenomes at the functional level, even with very low sequence coverage.
Genomic divergence between the migratory and stationary ecotypes of Atlantic cod
Authors: Karlsen Bård O. , Klingan Kevin , Emblem Åse , Jørgensen Tor E. , Jueterbock Alexander , Furmanek Tomasz , Hoarau Galice , Johansen Steinar D. , Nordeide Jarle T. , Moum Truls 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAtlantic cod displays a range of phenotypic and genotypic variations, which includes the differentiation into coastal stationary and offshore migratory types of cod that co‐occur in several parts of its distribution range and are often sympatric on the spawning grounds. Differentiation of these ecotypes may involve both historical separation and adaptation to ecologically distinct environments, the genetic basis of which is now beginning to be unravelled. Genomic analyses based on recent sequencing advances are able to document genomic divergence in more detail and may facilitate the exploration of causes and consequences of genome‐wide patterns. We examined genomic divergence between the stationary and migratory types of cod in the Northeast Atlantic, using next‐generation sequencing of pooled DNA from each of two population samples. Sequence data was mapped to the published cod genome sequence, arranged in more than 6000 scaffolds (611 Mb). We identified 25 divergent scaffolds (26 Mb) with a higher than average gene density, against a backdrop of overall moderate genomic differentiation. Previous findings of localized genomic divergence in three linkage groups were confirmed, including a large (15 Mb) genomic region, which seems to be uniquely involved in the divergence of migratory and stationary cod. The results of the pooled sequencing approach support and extend recent findings based on single‐nucleotide polymorphism markers and suggest a high degree of reproductive isolation between stationary and migratory cod in the North‐east Atlantic.
Road Crack Detection Using Visual Features Extracted by Gabor Filters
Authors: Zalama Eduardo , Gómez‐García‐Bermejo Jaime , Medina Roberto , Llamas José 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPavement management systems require detailed information of the current state of the roads to take appropriate actions to optimize expenditure on maintenance and rehabilitation. In particular, the presence of cracks is a cardinal aspect to be considered. This article presents a solution based on an instrumented vehicle equipped with an imaging system, two Inertial Profilers, a Differential Global Positioning System, and a webcam. Information about the state of the road is acquired at normal road speed. A method based on the use of Gabor filters is used to detect the longitudinal and transverse cracks. The methodologies used to create Gabor filter banks and the use of the filtered images as descriptors for subsequent classifiers are discussed in detail. Three different methodologies for setting the threshold of the classifiers are also evaluated. Finally, an AdaBoost algorithm is used for selecting and combining the classifiers, thus improving the results provided by a single classifier. A large database has been acquired and used to train and test the proposed system and methods, and suitable results have been obtained in comparison with other reference works.
Co‐evolution of specific amino acid in sigma 1.2 region and nucleotide base in the discriminator to act as sensors of small molecule effectors of transcription initiation in mycobacteria
Authors: Tare Priyanka , Mallick Bratati , Nagaraja Valakunja 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe transcription from rrn and a number of other promoters is regulated by initiating ribonucleotides (iNTPs) and guanosine tetra/penta phosphate [(p)ppGpp], either by strengthening or by weakening of the RNA polymerase (RNAP)–promoter interactions during initiation. Studies in Escherichia coli revealed the importance of a sequence termed discriminator, located between −10 and the transcription start site of the responsive promoters in this mode of regulation. Instability of the open complex at these promoters is attributed to the lack of stabilizing interactions between the suboptimal discriminator and the 1.2 region of sigma 70 (Sig70) in RNAP holoenzyme. We demonstrate a different pattern of interaction between the promoters and sigma A (SigA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to execute similar regulation. Instead of cytosine and methionine, thymine at three nucleotides downstream to −10 element and leucine 232 in SigA are found to be essential for iNTPs and pppGpp mediated response at the rrn and gyr promoters of the organism. The specificity of the interaction is substantiated by mutational replacements, either in the discriminator or in SigA, which abolish the nucleotide mediated regulation in vitro or in vivo. Specific yet distinct bases and the amino acids appear to have ‘co‐evolved’ to retain the discriminator‐sigma 1.2 region regulatory switch operated by iNTPs/pppGpp during the transcription initiation in different bacteria.
A single‐molecule approach to DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells demonstrated that DNA polymerase III is a major determinant of fork speed
Authors: Pham Tuan Minh , Tan Kang Wei , Sakumura Yuichi , Okumura Katsuzumi , Maki Hisaji , Akiyama Masahiro Tatsumi 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe replisome catalyses DNA synthesis at a DNA replication fork. The molecular behaviour of the individual replisomes, and therefore the dynamics of replication fork movements, in growing Escherichia coli cells remains unknown. DNA combing enables a single‐molecule approach to measuring the speed of replication fork progression in cells pulse‐labelled with thymidine analogues. We constructed a new thymidine‐requiring strain, eCOMB (E. coli for combing), that rapidly and sufficiently incorporates the analogues into newly synthesized DNA chains for the DNA‐combing method. In combing experiments with eCOMB, we found the speed of most replication forks in the cells to be within the narrow range of 550–750 nt s−1 and the average speed to be 653 ± 9 nt s−1 (± SEM). We also found the average speed of the replication fork to be only 264 ± 9 nt s−1 in a dnaE173‐eCOMB strain producing a mutant‐type of the replicative DNA polymerase III (Pol III) with a chain elongation rate (300 nt s−1) much lower than that of the wild‐type Pol III (900 nt s−1). This indicates that the speed of chain elongation by Pol III is a major determinant of replication fork speed in E. coli cells.