bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Course of Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Detected Inflammation and Structural Lesions in the Sacroiliac Joints of Patients in the Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Danish Multicenter Study of Adalimumab in Spondyloarthritis, as Assessed by the Berlin and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Methods
Authors: Pedersen Susanne J. , Poddubnyy Denis , Sørensen Inge J. , Loft Anne‐Gitte , Hindrup Jens S. , Thamsborg Gorm , Asmussen Karsten , Hendricks Oliver , Nørregaard Jesper , Piil Anne‐Dorthe , Møller Jakob M. , Jurik Anne‐Grethe , Balding Lone , Lambert Robert G. , Sieper Joachim , Østergaard Mikkel 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–assessed inflammation and structural lesions in the sacroiliac (SI) joints during treatment with adalimumab versus placebo.MethodsIn a 48‐week double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 52 patients with spondyloarthritis were randomized to receive subcutaneous injections of either adalimumab 40 mg (n = 25) or placebo (n = 27) every other week for 12 weeks. Patients in the adalimumab group continued to receive and patients in the placebo group were switched to adalimumab 40 mg every other week for an additional 12 weeks. MRI of the SI joints was performed at weeks 0, 12, 24, and 48, and the images were assessed independently in a blinded manner using the modified Berlin and the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) MRI scores for inflammation and structural lesions of the SI joints.ResultsAt baseline, 56% of the adalimumab group and ∼72% of the placebo group had an MRI‐assessed inflammation score of ≥1. Among the patients with inflammation at baseline, the mean percent reductions in MRI scores for inflammation from week 0 to 12 were greater in the adalimumab group compared with the placebo group (Berlin method, −62% versus −5%; SPARCC method, −58% versus −12% [both P < 0.04]). Furthermore, the mean SPARCC erosion score decreased (−0.6) and the SPARCC backfill score increased (+0.8) in the adalimumab group from week 0 to week 12. From week 12 to week 24, larger absolute reductions in the Berlin/SPARCC inflammation scores and the SPARCC erosion score and larger increases in the Berlin/SPARCC fatty lesion scores were seen in the placebo group compared with the adalimumab group. In univariate regression analyses (analysis of covariance) and multivariate stepwise regression analyses, treatment with adalimumab was independently associated with regression of the SPARCC erosion score from week 0 to 12 but not with changes in the other types of MRI lesions.ConclusionSignificant changes in the Berlin and SPARCC MRI‐assessed inflammation scores and in the SPARCC MRI‐assessed erosion scores occurred within 12 weeks after initiation of adalimumab. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment was associated with resolution of erosions and the development of backfill.
Elimination of Granulocytic Myeloid‐Derived Suppressor Cells in Lupus‐Prone Mice Linked to Reactive Oxygen Species–Dependent Extracellular Trap Formation
Authors: Vlachou Katerina , Mintzas Konstantinos , Glymenaki Maria , Ioannou Marianna , Papadaki Garyfalia , Bertsias George K. , Sidiropoulos Prodromos , Boumpas Dimitrios T. , Verginis Panayotis 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveEmerging evidence supports a crucial role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the regulation of autoimmune diseases. However, their role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unknown. This study sought to address the role of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of SLE.Methods MDSCs from (NZB × NZW)F1 lupus‐prone mice were assessed for phenotype by flow cytometry, and the function of MDSCs was analyzed by in vitro T cell proliferation assay and real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Extracellular trap (ET) formation was evaluated by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by Ly‐6G+ cells was determined by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis.ResultsExpansion of MDSCs was impaired and the function of MDSCs was defective in the lymphoid organs of (NZB × NZW)F1 lupus‐prone mice with established disease, in which involvement of predominantly the granulocytic MDSC (G‐MDSC) cell subset was observed. More specifically, the results showed that increased elimination of G‐MDSCs, driven by the inflammatory milieu of lupus, could be attributed to ET formation, and that cytokines, such as interferon‐α (IFNα), IFNγ, and interleukin‐6, play a role in this process. Induction of ET release by G‐MDSCs was mediated by the production of ROS, since inhibition of ROS generation significantly reduced ET release.ConclusionCollectively, the results of this study reveal that elimination of a crucial regulatory immune cell subset is a feature of the SLE microenvironment. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease.
Learning network storage curriculum with experimental case based on embedded systems
Authors: Zhou Qingguo , Wu Jiong , Wu Ting , Shen Jun , Zhou Rui 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present an experimental case for the course of “Network Storage and Security,” which benefited from an improved learning outcome for our students. The newly designed experiments‐based contents are merged into the current course to help students obtain practical experiences about network storage. The experiments aim to build a network storage system based on available resources instead of any specialized network storage equipment. Technically, students can learn general practical knowledge of network storage on iSCSI (a network storage protocol based on IP technology) and also the technologies of embedded system. Through the experimental case, we found that it could fully enhance students' comprehensive and practical abilities, develop students' teamwork spirit and creativity, and especially improve the learning outcome of network storage curriculum. These learning and thinking methods can also be generalized and applied to other computer science related courses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:186–194, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21696
Active Sites in Olefin Metathesis over Supported Molybdena Catalysts
Authors: Amakawa Kazuhiko , Kröhnert Jutta , Wrabetz Sabine , Frank Benjamin , Hemmann Felix , Jäger Christian , Schlögl Robert , Trunschke Annette 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMetathesis of propene to ethene and 2‐butenes was studied over a series of MoOx/SBA‐15 catalysts (molybdenum oxide supported on mesoporous silica SBA‐15; Mo loading 2.1–13.3 wt %, apparent Mo surface density 0.2–2.5 nm−2). The catalysts have been prepared by an ion exchange technique. Nitrogen adsorption, 1H MAS‐NMR, Raman, and FTIR spectroscopies were applied to characterize the catalysts. Adsorption of the reactant propene and the probe molecule NH3 was studied by in situ FTIR spectrometry microcalorimetry and temperature‐programmed desorption. Irrespective of the loading, only ≈1 % of the Mo atoms in the MoOx/SiO2 catalysts transform into active carbene (Mo=CHR) sites catalyzing propene metathesis. Isolated, distorted molybdenum di‐oxo species in close vicinity to two silanol groups have been shown to be the precursor of the active site. Targeted active site creation by pretreatment with methanol resulted in an increase in initial catalytic activity by a factor of 800.
Parrots as key multilinkers in ecosystem structure and functioning
Authors: Blanco Guillermo , Hiraldo Fernando , Rojas Abraham , Dénes Francisco V. , Tella José L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMutually enhancing organisms can become reciprocal determinants of their distribution, abundance, and demography and thus influence ecosystem structure and dynamics. In addition to the prevailing view of parrots (Psittaciformes) as plant antagonists, we assessed whether they can act as plant mutualists in the dry tropical forest of the Bolivian inter‐Andean valleys, an ecosystem particularly poor in vertebrate frugivores other than parrots (nine species). We hypothesised that if interactions between parrots and their food plants evolved as primarily or facultatively mutualistic, selection should have acted to maximize the strength of their interactions by increasing the amount and variety of resources and services involved in particular pairwise and community–wide interaction contexts. Food plants showed different growth habits across a wide phylogenetic spectrum, implying that parrots behave as super‐generalists exploiting resources differing in phenology, type, biomass, and rewards from a high diversity of plants (113 species from 38 families). Through their feeding activities, parrots provided multiple services acting as genetic linkers, seed facilitators for secondary dispersers, and plant protectors, and therefore can be considered key mutualists with a pervasive impact on plant assemblages. The number of complementary and redundant mutualistic functions provided by parrots to each plant species was positively related to the number of different kinds of food extracted from them. These mutually enhancing interactions were reflected in species‐level properties (e.g., biomass or dominance) of both partners, as a likely consequence of the temporal convergence of eco‐(co)evolutionary dynamics shaping the ongoing structure and organization of the ecosystem. A full assessment of the, thus far largely overlooked, parrot–plant mutualisms and other ecological linkages could change the current perception of the role of parrots in the structure, organization, and functioning of ecosystems.
Extensive mitochondrial heteroplasmy in hybrid water frog (Pelophylax spp.) populations from Southeast Europe
Authors: Radojičić Jelena M. , Krizmanić Imre , Kasapidis Panagiotis , Zouros Eleftherios 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWater frogs of the genus Pelophylax (previous Rana) species have been much studied in Europe for their outstanding reproductive mechanism in which sympatric hybridization between genetically distinct parental species produces diverse genetic forms of viable hybrid animals. The most common hybrid is P. esculentus that carries the genomes of both parental species, P. ridibundus and P. lessonae, but usually transfers the whole genome of only one parent to its offsprings (hybridogenesis). The evolutionary cost of transfer of the intact genome and hence the hemiclonal reproduction is the depletion of heterozygosity in the hybrid populations. Pelophylax esculentus presents an excellent example of the long‐term sustained hybridization and hemiclonal reproduction in which the effects of the low genetic diversity are balanced through the novel mutations and periodic recombinations. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial (mt) and microsatellites DNA variations in hybrid Pelophylax populations from southern parts of the Pannonian Basin and a north–south transect of the Balkan Peninsula, which are home for a variety of Pelophylax genetic lineages. The mtDNA haplotypes found in this study corresponded to P. ridibundus and P. epeiroticus of the Balkan – Anatolian lineage (ridibundus–bedriagae) and to P. lessonae and a divergent lessonae haplotype of the lessonae lineage. The mtDNA genomes showed considerable intraspecific variation and geographic differentiation. The Balkan wide distributed P. ridibundus was found in all studied populations and its nuclear genome, along with either the lessonae or the endemic epeiroticus genome, in all hybrids. An unexpected finding was that the hybrid populations were invariably heteroplasmic, that is, they contained the mtDNA of both parental species. We discussed the possibility that such extensive heteroplasmy is a result of hybridization and it comes from regular leakage of the paternal mtDNA from a sperm of one species that fertilizes eggs of another. In this case, the mechanisms that protect the egg from heterospecific fertilization and further from the presence of sperm mtDNA could become compromised due to their differences and divergence at both, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. The heteroplasmy once retained in the fertilized egg could be transmitted by hybrid backcrossing to the progeny and maintained in a population over generations. The role of interspecies and heteroplasmic hybrid animals due to their genomic diversity and better fitness compare to the parental species might be of the special importance in adaptations to miscellaneous and isolated environments at the Balkan Peninsula.
Kinetic modeling of the quasi‐homogeneous oxidation of glycerol over unsupported gold particles in the liquid phase
Authors: Díaz José Antonio , Skrzyńska Elżbieta , Girardon Jean‐Sébastien , Ftouni Jamal , Capron Mickaël , Dumeignil Franck , Fongarland Pascal 
Published: September 2015

In the present study, kinetic analysis and modelling of the glycerol oxidation reaction over unsupported Au particles were performed. The reaction pathways, which were determined in agreement with the experimental results, comprise two types of reactions, namely oxidation and C–C cleavage. A homogeneous catalytic reaction model was proposed by considering the occurrence of the non‐catalytic reaction, the effect of the temperature, as well as NaOH and catalyst concentrations. The proposed kinetic model could adequately describe the data. The reaction under basic conditions but in the absence of a catalyst favoured the formation of C–C cleavage products (glycolic and formic acids), while in the presence of unsupported Au particles the oxidation to glyceric acid and the direct oxidation of glycerol to formic acid were promoted. Finally, it was observed that the formation of tartronic acid was not promoted by the catalyst and followed the non‐catalytic route.Practical applications: The building of a kinetic model for glycerol oxidation in liquid phase using gold‐based catalyst allows to better understand the mechanism leading to oxidation and C–C cleavage responsible to some change of selectivities in the process. The model parameters obtained in this study would be used to scale an industrial unit in a reactor modeling.The present work describes a homogeneous catalytic kinetic model of the glycerol (GLY) oxidation, by using unsupported Au nanoparticles. The proposed model includes the occurrence of the non‐catalysed reaction in basic media and the effect of the reaction temperature, NaOH/GLY ratio and GLY/Au ratio. The model predicted well the experimental results. Unsupported Au nanoparticles were selective to glyceric acid and C–C cleavage products like formic and glycolic acids.
Ex‐situ Antimony Screen‐printed Carbon Electrode for Voltammetric Determination of Ni(II)‐ions in Wastewater
Authors: Barceló Cristian , Serrano Núria , Ariño Cristina , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Esteban Miquel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAn Ex‐situ antimony film screen‐printed carbon electrode (Ex‐situ SbSPCE) was successfully applied for the determination of Ni(II), by means of adsorptive stripping voltammetry using dimethylglyoxime as complexing agent, in a certified reference wastewater sample. This electrode is proposed as an alternative to more conventional antimony film electrodes. Ex‐situ SbSPCE was analytically characterized and the obtained parameters suggest that Ex‐situ SbSPCE behaves much better than both Ex‐situ BiSPCE and BispSPE for Ni(II) determination. The results confirm the applicability of Ex‐situ SbSPCE for the determination of low concentration levels of Ni(II) in natural samples with a very high reproducibility and good trueness.
Simple synthesis of sandalwood odorant rac‐Osyrol® and its ethoxy homologue
Authors: Parthasarathy Rajasekaran , Sulochana Nagarajan 
Published: September 2015

Abstractrac‐Osyrol® (3,7‐dimethyl‐7‐methoxyoctane‐2‐ol), a commercially important sandalwood odorant has been prepared from dihydromyrcene in three steps. The key steps in the synthesis are the epoxidation of terminal double bond using urea hydrogen peroxide (UHP) and regioselective reduction of epoxide using Vitride®. The same strategy has been applied to the synthesis of its ethoxy homologue. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Training in Ecological Research Must Incorporate Ethics Education
Authors: Crozier G.K.D. , Schulte‐Hostedde Albrecht I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLike other science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields, ecological research needs ethics. Given the rapid pace of technological developments and social change, it is important for scientists to have the vocabulary and critical‐thinking skills necessary to identify, analyze, and communicate the ethical issues generated by the research and practices within their fields of specialization. The goal of introducing ethics education for ecological researchers would be to promote a discipline in which scientists are willing and able to engage in ethical questions and problem solving, even if they do so inadequately at first. Practicing ecologists ought to be able to identify and critically evaluate the ethical dimensions of their field studies because ecologists are at the forefront of important interfaces between humans and other‐than‐human organisms and natural systems. They are among the first to identify the impact of anthropogenic changes to the environments. Rapidly changing local and global environments mean that ecologists will be on the front line of any efforts to create a sustainable lifestyle for humans on this planet.
Bridging the Gap between Knowledge and Skill: Integrating Standardized Patients into Bioethics Education
Authors: Gligorov Nada , Sommer Terry M. , Ballato Ellen C. Tobin , Frank Lily E. , Rhodes Rosamond 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUpon entering the examination room, Caitlyn encounters a woman sitting alone and in distress. Caitlyn introduces herself as the hospital ethicist and tells the woman, Mrs. Dennis, that her aim is to help her reach a decision about whether to perform an autopsy on her recently deceased husband. Mrs. Dennis begins the encounter by telling the ethicist that she has to decide quickly, but that she is very torn about what to do. Mrs. Dennis adds, “My sons disagree about the autopsy.” As a standardized patient (SP), a specialized actor, the woman playing Mrs. Dennis has already delivered the same opening lines several times to different learners practicing their clinical ethics consultation skills.An SP encounter is a simulated patient encounter used for educational purposes that requires the standardization of verbal and behavioral responses. In the encounter, the simulator, or “patient,” uses a scripted medical history to enable the learner to employ a certain skill, say, the ability to perform a neurological exam. The use of standardized patients in the evaluation of clinical skills has become a staple in medical education. To tackle the challenge of teaching clinical ethics consultation skills, we have incorporated SP encounters into the curriculum of the Bioethics Program of The Union Graduate College and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. SP encounters are incorporated into one of our onsite classes, the Onsite Clinical Ethics Practicum, and they are part of the capstone examination, which all of our graduates must complete successfully. The inclusion of simulated encounters into the curriculum is one way in which we equip our students with the core competencies specified by the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities Task Force for clinical ethicists.
Classical and Molecular Genetic Research on General Cognitive Ability
Authors: McGue Matt , Gottesman Irving I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractArguably, no psychological variable has received more attention from behavioral geneticists than what has been called “general cognitive ability” (as well as “general intelligence” or “g”), and for good reason. GCA has a rich correlational network, implying that it may play an important role in multiple domains of functioning. GCA is highly correlated with various indicators of educational attainment, yet its predictive utility is not limited to academic achievement. It is also correlated with work performance, navigating the complexities of everyday life, the absence of various social pathologies (such as criminal convictions), and even health and mortality. Although the causal basis for these associations is not always known, it is nonetheless the case that research on GCA has the potential to provide insights into the origins of a wide range of important social outcomes. In this essay, our discussion of why GCA is considered a fundamentally important dimension of behavior on which humans differ is followed by a look at behavioral genetics research on CGA. We summarize behavioral genetics research that has sought to identify and quantify the total contributions of genetic and environmental factors to individual differences in GCA as well as molecular genetic research that has sought to identify genetic variants that underlie inherited effects.
A multi-attribute decision analysis for decommissioning offshore oil and gas platforms
Authors: Henrion Max , Bernstein Brock , Swamy Surya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The 27 oil and gas platforms off the coast of southern California are reaching the end of their economic lives. Because their decommissioning involves large costs and potential environmental impacts, this became an issue of public controversy. As part of a larger policy analysis conducted for the State of California, we implemented a decision analysis as a software tool (PLATFORM) to clarify and evaluate decision strategies against a comprehensive set of objectives. Key options selected for in-depth analysis are complete platform removal and partial removal to 85 feet below the water line, with the remaining structure converted in place to an artificial reef to preserve the rich ecosystems supported by the platform's support structure. PLATFORM was instrumental in structuring and performing key analyses of the impacts of each option (e.g., on costs, fishery production, air emissions) and dramatically improved the team's productivity. Sensitivity analysis found that disagreement about preferences, especially about the relative importance of strict compliance with lease agreements, has much greater effects on the preferred option than does uncertainty about specific outcomes, such as decommissioning costs. It found a near-consensus of stakeholders in support of partial removal and “rigs-to-reefs” program. The project's results played a role in the decision to pass legislation enabling an expanded California “rigs-to-reefs” program that includes a mechanism for sharing cost savings between operators and the state. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;X:000–000. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
Economic and environmental impacts associated with alternative decommissioning options can best be investigated with a decision model. The decision model created for this project, PLATFORM, was used to derive the first quantitative estimates of cost savings from an artificial reefing option, fish production association with the platform habitat, and worst-case air emissions from the complete removal option. A multi-attribute analysis showed that stakeholder preferences for strict compliance (complete platform removal) must be at an extreme level for any combination of preferences to result in a choice for complete removal, whereas all other preference values resulted in a choice for partial removal and artificial reefing.