bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field results from Whisper®stethoscope studies
Authors: Noffsinger Tom , Brattain Kurt , Quakenbush Greg , Taylor Garrett 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOne area where the feedlot industry has been historically weak is the area of BRD “case definition” or diagnosis. Numerous studies demonstrate a weak correlation between lung lesions at harvest and treatment history. This poor track record is due in part to lack of specific chute side diagnostic tools. To analyze the effectiveness of current diagnostic tools (temperature, manual lung scores, and Whisper®lung scores), two data sets were collected. The first evaluated the correlation between rectal temperature, manual lung scores, and case fatality rate in feedlot cattle pulled for BRD. The second evaluated the relative accuracy of Whisper®scores and rectal temperature. Fever was defined as a rectal temperature of 104.5° F or greater. Manual lung scores better correlated with case fatality rate than fever. When fever and Whisper®scores were compared, a Whisper®score of 1 or less better predicted survival than a temperature of less than 104.5° F. The combination of no fever and Whisper®score of 1 or less best predicted survival. The determination of Whisper®score along with rectal temperature in cattle identified with signs of acute BRD can improve case definition, improve risk assessment, and allow more targeted use of antibiotics.
Timely diagnosis of dairy calf respiratory disease using a standardized scoring system
Authors: McGuirk Sheila M. , Peek Simon F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRespiratory disease of young dairy calves is a significant cause of morbidity, mortality, economic loss, and animal welfare concern but there is no gold standard diagnostic test for antemortem diagnosis. Clinical signs typically used to make a diagnosis of respiratory disease of calves are fever, cough, ocular or nasal discharge, abnormal breathing, and auscultation of abnormal lung sounds. Unfortunately, routine screening of calves for respiratory disease on the farm is rarely performed and until more comprehensive, practical and affordable respiratory disease-screening tools such as accelerometers, pedometers, appetite monitors, feed consumption detection systems, remote temperature recording devices, radiant heat detectors, electronic stethoscopes, and thoracic ultrasound are validated, timely diagnosis of respiratory disease can be facilitated using a standardized scoring system. We have developed a scoring system that attributes severity scores to each of four clinical parameters; rectal temperature, cough, nasal discharge, ocular discharge or ear position. A total respiratory score of five points or higher (provided that at least two abnormal parameters are observed) can be used to distinguish affected from unaffected calves. This can be applied as a screening tool twice-weekly to identify pre-weaned calves with respiratory disease thereby facilitating early detection. Coupled with effective treatment protocols, this scoring system will reduce post-weaning pneumonia, chronic pneumonia, and otitis media.
SHMT1 knockdown induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells by causing uracil misincorporation
Authors: Paone A , Marani M , Fiascarelli A , Rinaldo S , Giardina G , Contestabile R , Paiardini A , Cutruzzolà F 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReprogramming of cellular metabolism towards de novo serine production fuels the growth of cancer cells, providing essential precursors such as amino acids and nucleotides and controlling the antioxidant and methylation capacities of the cell. The enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) has a key role in this metabolic shift, and directs serine carbons to one-carbon units metabolism and thymidilate synthesis. While the mitochondrial isoform of SHMT (SHMT2) has recently been identified as an important player in the control of cell proliferation in several cancer types and as a hot target for anticancer therapies, the role of the cytoplasmic isoform (SHMT1) in cancerogenesis is currently less defined. In this paper we show that SHMT1 is overexpressed in tissue samples from lung cancer patients and lung cancer cell lines, suggesting that, in this widespread type of tumor, SHMT1 plays a relevant role. We show that SHMT1 knockdown in lung cancer cells leads to cell cycle arrest and, more importantly, to p53-dependent apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that the induction of apoptosis does not depend on serine or glycine starvation, but is because of the increased uracil accumulation during DNA replication.
The N-terminal region of p27 inhibits HIF-1α protein translation in ribosomal protein S6-dependent manner by regulating PHLPP-Ras-ERK-p90RSK axis
Authors: Zhang D , Liu J , Mi X , Liang Y , Li J , Huang C 
Published: November 2014

AbstractP27 was identified as a tumor suppressor nearly two decades, being implicated in cell-cycle control, differentiation, senescence, apoptosis and motility. Our present study, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, revealed a potential role of p27 in inhibiting S6-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein translation, which contributed to the protection from environmental carcinogen (sodium arsenite)-induced cell transformation. Our findings showed that depletion of p27 expression by knockout and knockdown approaches efficiently enhanced S6 phosphorylation in arsenite response via overactivating Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway, which consequently resulted in the stimulation of p90RSK (90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase), a direct kinase for S6 phosphorylation. Although PI3K/AKT pathway was also involved in S6 activation, blocking AKT and p70S6K activation did not attenuate arsenite-induced S6 activation in p27−/− cells, suggesting p27 specifically targeted Ras/ERK pathway rather than PI3K/AKT pathway for inhibition of S6 activation in response to arsenite exposure. Further functional studies found that p27 had a negative role in cell transformation induced by chronic low-dose arsentie exposure. Mechanistic investigations showed that HIF-1α translation was upregulated in p27-deficient cells in an S6 phosphorylation-dependent manner and functioned as a driving force in arsenite-induced cell transformation. Knockdown of HIF-1α efficiently reversed arsenite-induced cell transformation in p27-depleted cells. Taken together, our findings provided strong evidence showing that by targeting Ras/ERK pathway, p27 provided a negative control over HIF-1α protein synthesis in an S6-dependent manner, and abrogated arsenite-induced cell transformation via downregulation of HIF-1α translation.
Dynamic operation of optical fibres beyond the single-mode regime facilitates the orientation of biological cells
Authors: Kreysing Moritz , Ott Dino , Schmidberger Michael J. , Otto Oliver , Schürmann Mirjam , Martín-Badosa Estela , Whyte Graeme , Guck Jochen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe classical purpose of optical fibres is delivery of either optical power, as for welding, or temporal information, as for telecommunication. Maximum performance in both cases is provided by the use of single-mode optical fibres. However, transmitting spatial information, which necessitates higher-order modes, is difficult because their dispersion relation leads to dephasing and a deterioration of the intensity distribution with propagation distance. Here we consciously exploit the fundamental cause of the beam deterioration—the dispersion relation of the underlying vectorial electromagnetic modes—by their selective excitation using adaptive optics. This allows us to produce output beams of high modal purity, which are well defined in three dimensions. The output beam distribution is even robust against significant bending of the fibre. The utility of this approach is exemplified by the controlled rotational manipulation of live cells in a dual-beam fibre-optical trap integrated into a modular lab-on-chip system.
Controlling the spectrum of photons generated on a silicon nanophotonic chip
Authors: Kumar Ranjeet , Ong Jun Rong , Savanier Marc , Mookherjea Shayan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDirectly modulated semiconductor lasers are widely used, compact light sources in optical communications. Semiconductors can also be used to generate nonclassical light; in fact, CMOS-compatible silicon chips can be used to generate pairs of single photons at room temperature. Unlike the classical laser, the photon-pair source requires control over a two-dimensional joint spectral intensity (JSI) and it is not possible to process the photons separately, as this could destroy the entanglement. Here we design a photon-pair source, consisting of planar lightwave components fabricated using CMOS-compatible lithography in silicon, which has the capability to vary the JSI. By controlling either the optical pump wavelength, or the temperature of the chip, we demonstrate the ability to select different JSIs, with a large variation in the Schmidt number. Such control can benefit high-dimensional communications where detector-timing constraints can be relaxed by realizing a large Schmidt number in a small frequency range.
Integrator complex regulates NELF-mediated RNA polymerase II pause/release and processivity at coding genes
Authors: Stadelmayer Bernd , Micas Gaël , Gamot Adrien , Martin Pascal , Malirat Nathalie , Koval Slavik , Raffel Raoul , Sobhian Bijan , Severac Dany , Rialle Stéphanie , Parrinello Hugues , Cuvier Olivier , Benkirane Monsef 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing/termination shortly after initiation is a hallmark of gene regulation. Here, we show that negative elongation factor (NELF) interacts with Integrator complex subunits (INTScom), RNAPII and Spt5. The interaction between NELF and INTScom subunits is RNA and DNA independent. Using both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter and genome-wide analyses, we demonstrate that Integrator subunits specifically control NELF-mediated RNAPII pause/release at coding genes. The strength of RNAPII pausing is determined by the nature of the NELF-associated INTScom subunits. Interestingly, in addition to controlling RNAPII pause-release INTS11 catalytic subunit of the INTScom is required for RNAPII processivity. Finally, INTScom target genes are enriched in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transactivation response element/NELF binding element and in a 3' box sequence required for small nuclear RNA biogenesis. Revealing these unexpected functions of INTScom in regulating RNAPII pause-release and completion of mRNA synthesis of NELF-target genes will contribute to our understanding of the gene expression cycle.
The Role of Memory in Processing Relative Clauses in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , Fletcher Paul 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
This study investigated the relationship between 2 components of memory—phonological short-term memory (pSTM) and working memory (WM)—and the control of relative clause constructions in children with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
Children with SLI and 2 control groups—an age-matched and a younger group of children with typical development—repeated sentences, including relative clauses, representing 5 syntactic roles and 2 levels of matrix clause complexity. The Working Memory Test Battery for Children was administered.

Results
All 3 groups showed significant associations between pSTM and both types of matrix clause construction. For children with SLI, significant associations emerged between (a) WM and more complex matrix clause constructions, (b) WM and relative clauses including a range of syntactic roles, and (c) pSTM and the least difficult syntactic role. In contrast, the age-matched control group could repeat almost all syntactic roles without invoking the use of either memory component.

Conclusions
The role of pSTM and WM in the production of relative clauses by children with SLI is influenced by the degree of difficulty of the structure to be recalled. In therapy, the effect of WM limitations can be minimized by approaching each structure within the context of a simple matrix clause.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963544
Relationships Between Psychosocial Factors and Quality of Life for Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Boyle Michael P. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
In this study, the author examined the relationship of social support, empowerment, self-help support group participation, and group identification to quality of life in adults who stutter.

Method
Two-hundred forty-nine adults who stutter completed a web-based survey, including measures of social support, empowerment, self-help support group participation, group identification, and quality of life.

Results
After controlling for demographic and stuttering parameters, both empowerment in the self-esteem/self-efficacy domain and social support from family significantly predicted quality of life in adults in the sample.

Conclusions
Increased self-esteem/self-efficacy and social support from family relates to improved quality of life in adults who stutter, independent of stuttering severity. Treatments that increase feelings of self-esteem/self-efficacy and strengthen social support from the family should be considered for individuals who struggle to cope with stuttering in order to enhance their quality of life.
Interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter based on three‐winding high‐frequency coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cell
Authors: Nouri Tohid , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Babaei Ebrahim , Ebrahimi Jaber 
Published: November 2014

This study presents an interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter based on three‐winding high‐frequency coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cell (VMC) techniques. The primary and secondary windings of each coupled inductor are inserted in the same phase and the third winding is inserted in the other phase. The VMC in each phase consists of two diodes, two capacitors, the secondary winding of the same phase coupled inductor and the third winding of the other phase coupled inductor. The voltage gain is increased and the output voltage is clamped across the capacitors of the VMCs. Then, the voltage across the power metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) is decreased. The leakage inductance of the coupled inductors controls the output diode falling rate, which alleviates reverse recovery problems. The power MOSFETs are turned‐on under zero current switching that helps to conversion efficiency improvement. Three modes of operation named as continuous conduction mode, discontinuous conduction mode and boundary conduction mode are investigated for the proposed converter. The carried mathematical analysis and satisfying operation of the proposed converter are verified via experimental results of an 870 W 60 V‐input to 590 V‐output laboratory prototype with 95.2% conversion efficiency.
Reward eliminates retrieval-induced forgetting
Authors: Imai Hisato , Kim Dongho , Sasaki Yuka , Watanabe Takeo 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Although it is well known that reward enhances learning and memory, how extensively such enhancement occurs remains unclear. We examined how reward influences retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in which the retrieval of a nonpracticed item under the same category as a practiced item is worse than the retrieval of a nonpracticed item outside the category. RIF was abolished if a juice reward was given for correct answers in the practice phase. These results suggest that reward enhances processing of retrieval of unpracticed members by mechanisms such as spreading activation within the same category, irrespective of whether items were practiced or not.
New insight into the evolution of the vertebrate respiratory system and the discovery of unidirectional airflow in iguana lungs
Authors: Cieri Robert L. , Craven Brent A. , Schachner Emma R. , Farmer C. G. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
The avian respiratory system appears strikingly distinct from all other animals. Purported key innovations underpinning avian patterns of airflow are an enclosed intrapulmonary bronchus, intercameral perforations, heterogeneous parenchyma; these traits allegedly coevolved with separation of the cardiac ventricle into right and left sides and are presumed to have been favored by selection because they facilitate high activity metabolisms. In contradistinction to these prevailing theories, here we show that unidirectional flow is present in the lungs of the green iguana, an ectothermic animal with low aerobic capacity, no intrapulmonary bronchus, and no intercameral perforations. This discovery indicates a transformation in our understanding of the evolution of the vertebrate respiratory system is needed.
G-quadruplex structures contribute to the neuroprotective effects of angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments
Authors: Ivanov Pavel , O’Day Elizabeth , Emara Mohamed M. , Wagner Gerhard , Lieberman Judy , Anderson Paul 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Angiogenin is a stress-activated ribonuclease that cleaves tRNA to produce bioactive small noncoding RNAs [tRNA-derived, stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs)] that function in a cytoprotective stress response program. Point mutations that reduce its ribonuclease activity are found in a subset of patients with ALS, a fatal neurodegenerative disease. We have found that selected tiRNAs assume G-quadruplex (G4) structures that are necessary for cytoprotective and prosurvival functions. Moreover, stable DNA analogs of these G4-containing tiRNAs spontaneously enter motor neurons and confer cytoprotection against stress. Our results identify tiRNAs as leading compounds for the development of a new class of neuroprotective drugs and give insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathobiology of expanded G4-forming hexanucleotide repeats in the C9ORF72 gene.
Structural model of an mRNA in complex with the bacterial chaperone Hfq
Authors: Peng Yi , Curtis Joseph E. , Fang Xianyang , Woodson Sarah A. 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Small noncoding RNAs optimize bacterial gene expression under stress and increase the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. The RNA-binding protein Hfq (host factor Q-beta phage) promotes base pairing between small RNAs and target mRNAs, but it is not known how Hfq brings the two RNAs together in the proper orientation. We used chemical footprinting, small-angle X-ray scattering, and molecular dynamics simulations to model the structure of Hfq bound to an mRNA in solution. The surprising result is that the mRNA wraps entirely around the Hfq protein, specifically contacting both surfaces. This destabilizes the mRNA structure around the small RNA target site, poising it to base pair with a complementary small RNA also bound to Hfq.
Fibroblasts probe substrate rigidity with filopodia extensions before occupying an area
Authors: Wong Stephanie , Guo Wei-Hui , Wang Yu-Li 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Mechanical properties of the extracellular environment provide important cues that regulate cell behavior. Understanding this mechanical signaling has become important in disease treatment as well as tissue engineering. To efficiently study cellular responses to rigidity signals, we have created a model system of micropatterned composite material based on the “cell-on-a-chip” concept. We demonstrate that a migrating fibroblast uses filopodia to probe substrate rigidity, such that it “feels” its way based on the deformability of a material before occupying an area. Myosin II plays a key role in rigidity sensing and responses. This mechanism allows cells to migrate efficiently by avoiding mechanically unfavorable areas without backtracking.
Global structural changes of an ion channel during its gating are followed by ion mobility mass spectrometry
Authors: Konijnenberg Albert , Yilmaz Duygu , Ingólfsson Helgi I. , Dimitrova Anna , Marrink Siewert J. , Li Zhuolun , Vénien-Bryan Catherine , Sobott Frank , Koçer Armağan 
Published: November 2014

Significance
Understanding the working mechanism of membrane proteins is difficult even when crystal structures are available. One promising approach is ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM-MS) that detects not only the mass-to-charge ratio but also the area of proteins by measuring the rotationally averaged collision cross-sections (CCS) in the gas phase. We identified detergents that allow the release of membrane proteins at low levels of collisional activation for native MS, thus avoiding denaturing effects. We studied the gating mechanism of an ion channel, which occurs through large conformational changes. Ability to detect several coexisting states during gating with a change as small as 3% will open new avenues for studying dynamic structures of membrane proteins.
Force distribution affects vibrational properties in hard-sphere glasses
Authors: DeGiuli Eric , Lerner Edan , Brito Carolina , Wyart Matthieu 
Published: November 2014

Significance
How a liquid becomes rigid at the glass transition is a central problem in condensed matter physics. In many scenarios of the glass transition, liquids go through a critical temperature below which minima of free energy appear. However, even in the simplest glass, hard spheres, what confers mechanical stability at large density is highly debated. In this work we show that to quantitatively understand stability at a microscopic level, the presence of weakly interacting pairs of particles must be included. This approach allows us to predict various nontrivial scaling behavior of the elasticity and vibrational properties of colloidal glasses that can be tested experimentally. It also gives a spatial interpretation to recent, exact calculations in infinite dimensions.
Tubulin hyperacetylation is adaptive in cardiac proteotoxicity by promoting autophagy
Authors: McLendon Patrick M. , Ferguson Bradley S. , Osinska Hanna , Bhuiyan Md. Shenuarin , James Jeanne , McKinsey Timothy A. , Robbins Jeffrey 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceProteotoxicity, or the accumulation of misfolded protein, can cause heart failure and effective therapeutics are needed to reduce protein accumulation in the myocardium. This study shows that inhibiting tubulin deacetylation by histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is protective in a mouse model of proteinopathy-induced heart failure. Inhibiting tubulin deacetylation using the FDA-approved drug suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) reduced protein aggregates in cardiomyocytes and led to substantial improvement in cardiac function. Mechanistically, we show that inhibiting HDAC6 increases autophagy in cardiomyocytes, and that inducing autophagy with voluntary exercise also induces tubulin acetylation. This study shows that tubulin acetylation is important for autophagy stimulation in the heart and, importantly, sheds new light on the mechanism of autophagy induction with HDAC inhibitors.
Global discovery of colonization determinants in the squid symbiontVibrio fischeri
Authors: Brooks John F. , Gyllborg Mattias C. , Cronin David C. , Quillin Sarah J. , Mallama Celeste A. , Foxall Randi , Whistler Cheryl , Goodman Andrew L. , Mandel Mark J. 
Published: November 2014

SignificanceAnimals form associations with bacteria that play important roles in host development and fitness. The mechanisms by which animals horizontally acquire their bacterial partners from the environment are poorly understood. To address this question, we take advantage of a natural symbiosis between the luminous Gram-negative bacteriumVibrio fischeriand its squid host,Euprymna scolopes. We applied the insertion sequencing global approach and identified 380 colonization determinants inV. fischeri. Characterization of the factors revealed novel biofilm regulation and beneficial colonization factors at the cell envelope. To our knowledge, our study is the first global functional analysis inV. fischeriand expands opportunities for systems biology approaches at the host microbe interface in a valuable reductionist model of microbiota colonization.