bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raising antibodies against circulating foetal cells from maternal peripheral blood
Authors: Sørensen Morten Dræby , Melchjorsen Connie Jenning , Mandrup Ole Aalund , Kristensen Peter 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveCells of foetal origin circulating in the maternal peripheral bloodstream present a unique source for non‐invasive prenatal diagnostics. The aims of this study were to raise antibodies against identified circulating foetal cells from the maternal blood, test the properties of these antibodies and to determine the foetal cell type recognised by the antibodies.MethodCells from a male foetus were identified in a maternal blood sample by FISH analysis of the X‐ and Y‐ chromosomes. The identified cells were subjected to phage display selection using a novel single cell selection strategy. Selected antibodies were tested by immunocytochemistry on foetal and adult tissue arrays, an endothelial cell line, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsThree identified foetal cells subjected to antibody selection, yielded a total of 12 antibodies. Three antibodies gave distinct staining patterns on tissue arrays, and endothelial cells. One antibody, SF1.3, shows specific staining of a subpopulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, including a fraction of CD34 positive cells.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the identified foetal cells could have been progenitor cells of haematopoietic origin. The antibody SF1.3 could be a potential tool toward non‐invasive prenatal diagnostics. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cells produced via co‐evaporation and annealing including a SnSe2 capping layer
Authors: Redinger Alex , Mousel Marina , Djemour Rabie , Gütay Levent , Valle Nathalie , Siebentritt Susanne 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) thin film solar cells have been produced via co‐evaporation followed by a high‐temperature annealing. In order to reduce the decomposition of the CZTSe, a SnSe2 capping layer has been evaporated onto the absorber prior to the high‐temperature treatment. This eliminates the Sn losses due to SnSe evaporation. A solar cell efficiency of 5.1% could be achieved with this method. Moreover, the device does not suffer from high series resistance, and the dominant recombination pathway is situated in the absorber bulk. Finally, different illumination conditions (white light, red light, and yellow light) reveal a strong loss in fill factor if no carriers are generated in the CdS buffer layer. This effect, known as red‐kink effect, has also been observed in the closely related Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flame retardant high oleic sunflower oil‐based thermosetting resins through aza‐ and phospha‐michael additions
Authors: Moreno Maryluz , Lligadas Gerard , Ronda Juan C. , Galià Marina , Cádiz Virginia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhosphorus‐containing thermosetting resins derived from high oleic sunflower oil were prepared through phospha‐Michael addition of a difunctional secondary phosphine oxide, the 1,3‐bis(phenylphosphino)propane dioxide on the α,β‐unsaturated ketone derived from high oleic acid (ETR). The aim of this approach was to introduce phosphorus and to crosslink the material in one single step. Materials with increasing aromatic content were also prepared by addition 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and co‐crosslinking through aza‐Michael addition. The kinetics of the phospha and aza‐Michael additions was investigated using the enone derivative of methyl oleate (EO) in presence of BF3·Et2O as catalyst and in absence of catalyst at different temperatures. Competitive experiments showed that phospha‐Michael addition proceeds faster than the aza‐Michael addition. The new triglyceride‐based thermosets containing up to 4.2% of P, were characterized and their thermal and flame retardant properties evaluated. Limiting oxygen index values increase from 21.5 for the phosphorus free material up to 38.0 for the final material with 4.2% P content. These results demonstrate that the flame retardant properties of vegetable oil‐based thermosets can be significantly improved by adding covalently bonded phosphorus to the polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
A macromonomer approach to the synthesis of poly(1,1‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐vinyl cyclopropane‐graft‐dimethyl siloxane)
Authors: Sarker Prodip , Rehman Saif U. R. , Rimmer Stephen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPoly(1,1‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)‐2‐vinyl cyclopropane (ECVP)‐graft‐dimethyl siloxane) copolymers were prepared using a macromonomer approach. Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) macromonomers were prepared by living anionic polymerization of cyclosiloxanes followed by sequential chain‐end capping with allyl chloroformate. These macromonomers were then copolymerized with ECVP. MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to show that the macromonomers had approximately 80% of the end groups functionalized with allyl carbonate groups. Gradient polymer elution chromatography showed that high yields of the graft copolymers were obtained, along with only small fractions of the PECVP and PDMS homopolymers. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the low glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PDMS component could be maintained in the graft copolymers. However, the Tg was a function of polymer composition and the polymers produced had Tgs that ranged from −50 to −120 °C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Statistical fluorinated copolymers from heterogeneous atom transfer radical copolymerization of styrene and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate with similar reactivity ratios
Authors: Zhang Ganwei , Hu Jiwen , He Guping , Zou Hailiang , Liu Feng , Hou Chengmin , Luo Hongsheng , Tu Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFluorinated copolymers with statistical structure of azeotropic or gradient composition were prepared from heterogeneous atom transfer radical copolymerizations of styrene (S) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate (T). The polymerization kinetic studies show that while the propagation rate constant of S increased with a decreasing S content in the comonomer feed ratio, the propagation rate of T decreased with decreases of the S content in the comonomer feed ratio. The polymerization rate and controllability of the heterogeneous ATRP of S and T were regulated by the solubility of Cu(II)/ligand in the reaction mixture, based on a mechanistic analysis and solubility tests of the Cu(II)/ligand system in the reaction media. The reactivity ratios of S and T were 0.22 and 0.35, as evaluated from kinetic analysis of monomer conversions higher than 35%. These statistical polymers self‐assembled in T to form giant vesicles GVs) with broad diameter distribution in the range of 1–10 μm. Unlike the methods normally used to prepare gradient copolymers by spontaneous controlling with feeding model or batch polymerization of comonomers with obvious differences in the reactivity ratio, in this contribution, we report a novel synthetic strategy for preparing gradient copolymers can also be prepared from both monomers with very similar reactivity ratio. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Benzoin type photoinitiator for free radical polymerization
Authors: Esen Duygu Sevinc , Arsu Nergis , Da Silva José P. , Jockusch Steffen , Turro Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBenzoin, a popular photoinitiator for free radical polymerization of vinyl monomers, was improved by introduction of two methyl thioether substituents. This new benzoin derivative showed an about 50 times higher light absorption in the near‐UV spectral region and performed better than the unsubstituted benzoin in polymerization experiments in bulk solutions or films of acrylate monomers when low initiator concentrations are used. Laser flash photolysis, low temperature luminescence experiments and photoproduct studies by mass spectrometry suggest that a slow α‐cleavage mechanism (kα = 2.2 × 105 s−1) from the electronic triplet state with a quantum yield of 0.1 is the primary photoreaction to generate the initiating free radicals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Ligand‐free SET‐DTLRP of MMA at room temperature
Authors: Wang Wenxiang , Zhao Junfei , Zhang Wei , Zhu Jian , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn iodine‐based initiator, 2‐iodo‐2‐methylpropionitrile (CPI), was utilized for the single‐electron transfer and degenerative chain transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET‐DTLRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the absence of ligand, at ambient temperature. The CPI‐initiated ligand‐free polymerizations manifested reasonable control over molecular weights with relatively narrow distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.35). The living nature of the polymers was further confirmed by successful chain extension reaction and 1H NMR with high chain‐end fidelity (∼96%). Screening of the available solvents suggested that the controllability of this polymerization was highly dependent on the kind of solvents, wherein dimethyl sulfoxide was a better solvent for a controlled molecular weight. The proposed ligand‐free SET‐DTLRP initiated by CPI was intriguing since it would dramatically decrease the concentration of Cu(0) ions both in polymerization system and resultant polymer, and provided a more economical and eco‐friendly reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization technique. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Constructing novel double‐bond‐containing well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers via successive Ni‐catalyzed living coordination polymerization and SET‐LRP
Authors: Li Yongjun , Lu Guolin , Dai Bin , Xu Caixia , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA series of polyallene‐based well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers, poly(6‐methyl‐1,2‐heptadiene‐4‐ol)‐g‐poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PMHDO‐g‐PDEAEMA), was synthesized through the grafting‐from technique. First, double‐bond‐containing PMHDO backbone bearing pendant hydroxyls was prepared via [(η3‐allyl)NiOCOCF3]2‐initiated living coordination polymerization of 6‐methyl‐1,2‐heptadiene‐4‐ol (MHDO). The pendant hydroxyls in the homopolymer were then reacted with 2‐chloropropionyl chloride to give PMHDO‐Cl macroinitiator. Finally, hydrophilic PDEAEMA side chains were formed by single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) in THF/H2O initiated by the macroinitiator using CuCl/Me6TREN as catalytic system to afford PMHDO‐g‐PDEAEMA graft copolymers. The narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.35) and kinetics experiment showed the controllability of SET‐LRP graft copolymerization of DEAEMA. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of PMHDO‐g‐PDEAEMA amphiphilic graft copolymer in aqueous media was determined by fluorescence probe technique and the relationships between cmc and pH or salinity were also investigated. Micellar morphologies were preliminarily explored using transmission electron microscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Modeling controlled photodegradation in optically thick hydrogels
Authors: Tibbitt Mark W. , Kloxin April M. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThere is a growing interest in developing dynamically responsive hydrogels whose material properties are modulated by environmental cues, including with light. These photoresponsive hydrogels afford spatiotemporal control of material properties through an array of photoaddition and photodegradation reactions. For photoresponsive hydrogels to be utilized most effectively in a broad range of applications, the photoreaction behavior should be well understood, enabling the design of dynamic materials with uniform or anisostropic material properties. Here, a general statistical‐kinetic model has been developed to describe controlled photodegradation in hydrogel polymer networks containing photolabile crosslinks. The heterogeneous reaction rates that necessarily accompany photochemical reactions were described by solving a system of partial differential equations that quantify the photoreaction kinetics in the material. The kinetics were coupled with statistical descriptions of network structure in chain polymerized hydrogels to model material property changes and mass loss that occur during the photodegradation process. Finally, the physical relevance of the model was demonstrated by comparing model predictions with experimental data of mass loss and material property changes in photodegradable, PEG‐based hydrogels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
A novel photo‐acid generator bound molecular glass resist with a single protecting group
Authors: Kasai Tatsuaki , Higashihara Tomoya , Ueda Mitsuru 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel photo‐acid generator (PAG) bound molecular glass photoresist with a single protecting group has been developed as a promising resist material for use in microelectronics. This single component molecular resist was prepared in four steps starting from 9,9‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)fluorene. The single component molecular resist exhibited good thermal properties, such as a 10% weight loss temperature of 200 °C and a glass transition temperature of 91 °C. This resist showed a good sensitivity of 60 μC/cm2 with e‐beam exposure (50 keV). On the other hand, the fine pattern with a half‐pitch of 50 nm in the presence of 4 wt % quencher, trioctylamine, was obtained using electron‐beam (100 keV) lithography. The LER value was 8.2 nm (3σ, 60 nm half‐pitch patterns). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Thermally induced shape‐memory effects in polymers: Quantification and related modeling approaches
Authors: Heuchel Matthias , Sauter Tilman , Kratz Karl , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThermo‐sensitive polymers, which are capable to exhibit a dual‐, triple‐, or multi‐shape effect or a temperature‐memory effect (TME), characterized by a controlled shape change in a predefined way, are of current technological interest for designing and realization of actively moving intelligent devices. Here, the methods for the quantitative characterization of shape‐memory effects in polymers and recently developed thermomechanical modeling approaches for the simulation of dual‐, triple‐, and multi‐shape polymers as well as materials that exhibit a TME are discussed and some application oriented models are presented. Standardized methods for comprehensive quantification of the different effects and reliable modeling approaches form the basis for a successful translation of the extraordinary achievements of fundamental research into technological applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Polymer grafted nanoparticles: Effect of chemical and physical heterogeneity in polymer grafts on particle assembly and dispersion
Authors: Jayaraman Arthi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMacroscopic properties of polymer nanocomposites depend on the microscopic composite morphology of the constituent nanoparticles and polymer matrix. One way to control the spatial arrangement of the nanoparticles in the polymer matrix is by grafting the nanoparticle surfaces with polymers that can tune the effective interparticle interactions in the polymer matrix. A fundamental understanding of how graft and matrix polymer chemistries and molecular weight, grafting density, and nanoparticle size, and chemistry affect interparticle interactions is needed to design the appropriate polymer ligands to achieve the target morphology. Theory and simulations have proven to be useful tools in this regard due to their ability to link molecular level interactions to the morphology. In this feature article, we present our recent theory and simulation studies of polymer grafted nanoparticles with chemical and physical heterogeneity in grafts to calculate the effective interactions and morphology as a function of chemistry, molecular weights, grafting densities, and so forth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Modeling the membrane environment has implications for membrane protein structure and function: Influenza A M2 protein
Authors: Zhou Huan‐Xiang , Cross Timothy A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe M2 protein, a proton channel, from Influenza A has been structurally characterized by X‐ray diffraction and by solution and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy in a variety of membrane mimetic environments. These structures show substantial backbone differences even though they all present a left‐handed tetrameric helical bundle for the transmembrane domain. Variations in the helix tilt influence drug binding and the chemistry of the histidine tetrad responsible for acid activation, proton selectivity and transport. Some of the major structural differences do not arise from the lack of precision, but instead can be traced to the influences of the membrane mimetic environments. The structure in lipid bilayers displays unique chemistry for the histidine tetrad, which binds two protons cooperatively to form a pair of imidazole‐imidazolium dimers. The resulting interhistidine hydrogen bonds contribute to a three orders of magnitude enhancement in tetramer stability. Integration with computation has provided detailed understanding of the functional mechanism for proton selectivity, conductance and gating of this important drug target.
Carbon doped asymmetric cubic AlN/GaN multi quantum well structures for high electrical isolation to 3C‐SiC substrates
Authors: Zado A. , As D. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this work we present a novel method of the electrical separation of the substrate and the hetero junction field effect transistor device. For the epitaxial growth of our structures free standing 3C‐SiC (001) substrates with a free carrier concentration of n=2.7×1018 cm‐3 and a resistivity of ρ=34 mΩcm were used. On a 50 nm c‐GaN buffer layer an asymmetric multi quantum well structure consisting of 5 periodes of two cubic GaN:C asymmetric QWs (1 nm and 2 nm) embed‐ded between 3 nm thick c‐AlN:C barriers. A 50 nm c‐GaN cap layer completes the sample structure. A detailed conduction band profile and the quantized electron states within the asymmetric quantum well were calculated using a 1D Poisson‐Schrödinger‐solver. The structural properties were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and high resolution x‐ray diffraction. Current‐voltage measurements of these structures showed an increase of the serial resistivity by six orders of magnitude (from 5 mΩ to 8 kΩ) compared to an unstructured c‐GaN reference sample. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CHVPE growth of AlGaN‐based UV LEDs
Authors: Kurin Sergey , Antipov Andrey , Barash Iosif , Roenkov Alexander , Helava Heikki , Tarasov Sergey , Menkovich Ekaterina , Lamkin Ivan , Makarov Yuri 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we present results on development of ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (UV LEDs) based on GaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by chloride‐hydride vapour phase epitaxy (CHVPE). Both packaged and unpackaged UV LED dies were fabricated. The peak wavelengths of dies were in the range of 360–365 nm with a typical FWHM of 10–13 nm. UV LEDs proved performance capability at current density up to 125 A/cm2. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Study of Cognitive Vulnerability–Stress Model of Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Cui Lixia , Shi Guangyuan , Oei Tian P. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe objective of the present study is to test the validity of the integrated cognitive model of depression proposed by Kwon and Oei (1994) with a Chinese adolescent sample. A two‐wave panel design was used. We hypothesized that the interaction between dysfunctional attitudes measured at time 1 and adolescents' negative life events experienced between times 1 and 2 would predict changes in the frequency of automatic thoughts between times 1 and 2. We further hypothesized that changes in the frequency of automatic thoughts would, in turn, predict changes in the severity of depressive symptoms. Participants were 329 Chinese adolescents. As a comparison, we tested three other competing models: linear mediation, alternative aetiologies and symptom models. All participants completed the Adolescent Self‐Rating Life Events Checklist, Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale on two occasions—5 months apart. Path analysis was used to test all models. Results of the path analysis indicated that the integrated cognitive model showed an adequate fit for the Chinese adolescent data. During phases of increased depression, dysfunctional attitudes were common cognitive moderators of depression, whereas automatic thoughts were specific cognitive mediators of depression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Preclinical Studies on Human Cell-Based Therapy in Rodent Ischemic Stroke Models: Where Are We Now after a Decade?
Authors: Leong Wai Khay , Lewis Martin D. , Koblar Simon A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Stroke, a debilitating brain insult, afflicts millions of individuals globally each year. In the last decade, researchers have investigated cell-based therapy as an alternative strategy to improve neurological outcome following stroke. This concise review critically examines preclinical reports using human adult and fetal stem/progenitor cells in rodent models of ischemic stroke. As we enter the second decade of study, we should aim to optimize our collective likelihood to translational success for stroke victims worldwide. We advocate international consensus recommendations be developed for future preclinical research.
Therapeutic Efficacy and Fate of Bimodal Engineered Stem Cells in Malignant Brain Tumors
Authors: Martinez-Quintanilla Jordi , Bhere Deepak , Heidari Pedram , He Derek , Mahmood Umar , Shah Khalid 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Therapeutically engineered stem cells (SC) are emerging as an effective tumor-targeted approach for different cancer types. However, the assessment of the long-term fate of therapeutic SC post-tumor treatment is critical if such promising therapies are to be translated into clinical practice. In this study, we have developed an efficient SC-based therapeutic strategy that simultaneously allows killing of tumor cells and assessment and eradication of SC after treatment of highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) engineered to co-express the prodrug converting enzyme, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) and a potent and secretable variant of tumor necrosis factor apoptosis-inducing ligand (S-TRAIL) induced caspase-mediated GBM cell death and showed selective MSC sensitization to the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV). A significant decrease in tumor growth and a subsequent increase in survival were observed when mice bearing highly aggressive GBM were treated with MSC coexpressing S-TRAIL and HSV-TK. Furthermore, the systemic administration of GCV post-tumor treatment selectively eliminated therapeutic MSC expressing HSV-TK in vitro and in vivo, which was monitored in real time by positron emission-computed tomography imaging using 18F-FHBG, a substrate for HSV-TK. These findings demonstrate the development and validation of a novel therapeutic strategy that has implications in translating SC-based therapies in cancer patients.