bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural chemistry of mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of uranyl
Authors: Davidovich Ruven L. , Goreshnik Evgeny A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe crystal structures of mixed-ligand sulfato-, selenato-, phosphato-, arsenato-, and chromato-fluoride complexes of uranyl and of mixed-ligand carboxylato-fluoride and mixed-ligand fluoride complexes with neutral donor ligands studied by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method were systematized and discussed. The crystal chemical features of the structures of the mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of uranyl were determined: the coordination polyhedron of the hexavalent uranium atom in the structures of the mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of uranyl (except for three hexagonal-bipyramidal complexes) has a pentagonal-bipyramidal structure: the oxygen atoms of the uranyl group are located on the vertical axis of the pentagonal bipyramid, perpendicular to the equatorial plane in which five atoms are located. In dimeric and polymeric chains of mixed-ligand fluoride complexes of uranyl (with the exception of one compound in which the common bridge in the dimer complex is oxygen atoms), the uranyl units are linked via fluoride bridges. Inorganic and organic ligands, which contained O-donor atoms, combine dimers and polymer chains into layers and three-dimensional formation.
Association of cancer treatment with excess heart age among five-year young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Vo Jacqueline B. , Rosenberg Shoshana , Zhang Bessie X. , Snow Craig , Kirkner Greg , Poorvu Philip D. , Gaither Rachel , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey M. , Schapira Lidia , Borges Virginia F. , Come Steven E. , Nohria Anju , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Data evaluating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by cancer treatment among young women (≤ 40 years) with breast cancer are limited.

Methods
Among 372 five-year breast cancer survivors aged 30–40 years from the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, we assessed the association of cancer treatments (anthracyclines, trastuzumab, radiation/laterality, endocrine therapy) and excess heart age (difference between predicted 10-year CVD risk as assessed by adapted Framingham Risk Score and chronological age), prevalent elevated excess heart age (≥ 2 years), and worsening excess heart age (change of ≥ 2 excess heart age years) at breast cancer diagnosis and two- and five-year follow-up using multivariable linear and logistic regressions.

Results
Most women had stage I or II (79%), ER + (71%), or PR + (65%) breast cancer. At diagnosis, women had little excess heart age by treatment receipt (range of means = -0.52,0.91 years). Left-sided radiation (β = 2.49,SE = 0.96,p = 0.01) was associated with higher excess heart age at five-year follow-up. For prevalent elevated excess heart age (two-year = 26%;five-year = 27%), women treated with right-sided radiation had increased risk at two-years (OR = 2.17,95%CI = 1.12–4.19), yet at five-years, associations were observed after any radiation (OR = 1.92,95%CI = 1.09–3.41), especially after left-sided (OR = 2.13,95%CI = 1.09–3.41) radiation. No associations were observed between systemic treatments and prevalent elevated excess heart age or any treatments with worsening excess heart age.

Conclusions
Among young breast cancer survivors, radiation, but not other cancer treatments, was associated with elevated excess heart age.

Implications for cancer survivors
CVD risk tools that incorporate cancer treatment, such as radiation, are needed to identify high risk young breast cancer survivors given the long survivorship and long latency of cardiovascular disease.
Efficacy and Safety of Salvage-line Nivolumab Monotherapy for Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Comparison of 240 mg Versus 480 mg Doses
Authors: Murashima Yuko , Yamamoto Shun , Hirose Toshiharu , Kadono Toru , Ikeda Go , Ohara Akihiro , Itoyama Mai , Yokoyama Kazuki , Honma Yoshitaka , Ishiyama Koshiro , Oguma Jyunya , Daiko Hiroyuki , Kato Ken 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Nivolumab monotherapy is the standard second-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy without anti-PD-1 antibody. Fixed dosing with 240 mg every 2 weeks was approved initially, followed by fixed dosing with 480 mg every 4 weeks based on pharmacokinetics data. However, information on the comparative efficacy and safety of the two doses remains limited.

Methods
We compared progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and the incidence of adverse events (AEs) between the two doses in 117 patients who received second-line (n = 85) or later-line (n = 32) nivolumab monotherapy at our institution between January 2016 and December 2021.

Results
In the second-line group, patient characteristics for the 240 mg and 480 mg groups were as follows (240 mg vs. 480 mg): performance status (PS) 0/1/2 was 34/61/5% vs. 54/42/4%, and prior fluoropyrimidine plus platinum therapy (FP) was 81.3% vs. 42.3%. In the later-line group, the characteristics were: PS 0/1/2 was 28/60/12% vs. 14/86/0%, and prior FP was 60.0% vs. 42.8%. ORR was 11.9 vs. 24.0% in the second-line group (p = 0.19) and 0 vs. 14.3% in the later-line group (p = 0.22). Median PFS was 1.7 vs. 4.1 months on second-line (hazard ratio [HR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–1.01, p = 0.056) and 1.4 vs. 1.8 months on later-line (HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.23–1.46, p = 0.25); AEs of any grade were observed in 58.3 vs. 69.7%, respectively.

Conclusions
The efficacy and safety of the two doses of nivolumab monotherapy were comparable in patients with advanced ESCC.
Novel elastomeric spiropyran-doped poly(dimethylsiloxane) optical waveguide for UV sensing
Authors: Zimmermann Camila Aparecida , Amouzou Koffi Novignon , Sengupta Dipankar , Kumar Aashutosh , Demarquette Nicole Raymonde , Ung Bora 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNovel poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) doped with two different spiropyran derivatives (SP) were investigated as potential candidates for the preparation of elastomeric waveguides with UV-dependent optical properties. First, free-standing films were prepared and evaluated with respect to their photochromic response to UV irradiation. Kinetics, reversibility as well as photofatigue and refractive index of the SP-doped PDMS samples were assessed. Second, SP-doped PDMS waveguides were fabricated and tested as UV sensors by monitoring changes in the transmitted optical power of a visible laser (633 nm). UV sensing was successfully demonstrated by doping PDMS using one spiropyran derivative whose propagation loss was measured as 1.04 dB/cm at 633 nm, and sensitivity estimated at 115% change in transmitted optical power per unit change in UV dose. The decay and recovery time constants were measured at 42 and 107 s, respectively, with an average UV saturation dose of 0.4 J/cm2. The prepared waveguides exhibited a reversible and consistent response even under bending. The sensor parameters can be tailored by varying the waveguide length up to 21 cm, and are affected by white light and temperatures up to 70 ℃. This work is relevant to elastomeric optics, smart optical materials, and polymer optical waveguide sensors.
Graphical Abstract
An Alternative to the Water Scarcity in Conventional Summer Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivation: Autumn-Sown and Non-irrigated Under the Aegean Coastal Zone Conditions
Authors: Çınar Volkan Mehmet , Ünay Aydın 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSummer sugar beet growing regions such as the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye face a shortage of irrigation water. For this reason, we tested autumn sowing sugar beets without irrigation in the Aegean Coastal Zone, where sugar beet cultivation is not practiced. The two-year study was conducted in a split-plot experimental design with four replications. Terranova, Aranka and Dionetta cultivars were sown on 1 December 2020 and 30 November 2021. Ridge sowing was implemented to minimize the possibility of bolting and to prevent them from being affected by excessive December, January and February rainfall. There was no frost-induced seedling loss during the winter growing season and no bolting in the following spring in both years. Growing degree days (GDD) from emerging to harvest (1956 vs. 1497) were higher in the yielding year. Higher solar radiation in the first year (757.30 kWh m−2 vs. 673.80 kWh m−2) during the vegetation period was positively associated with GDD and yield. Ridge sowing and Terranova cultivar performed superbly in terms of root yield, sugar content, SPAD value and Fv/Fm. It was concluded that autumn-sown sugar beet can be grown in the Aegean Coastal Zone as an alternative to the Central Anatolia Region without irrigation with the ridge sowing method.
Examining the determinants of food waste behavior in China at the consumer level
Authors: Lima Ricardo , Yu Aizhi , Liu Qinghua , Liu Jingyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFood loss and waste are global problems for food security, as one-third of all food produced globally does not reach the consumer’s table. These numbers seem unreasonable when the data presented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2021 accounts for more than 800 million undernourished people and about 2.3 billion without access to adequate food throughout the year. This study examines the determinants of food waste behavior at the consumer level in China, the most populous country in the world. The survey used data from 3,857 online questionnaires of families living in selected Chinese metropolitan areas across all provinces. The research methodology used an ordered multinomial logit model to estimate the impact of the explanatory variables on the frequency and amount of household food waste. The results showed that food waste increased with income, age, and education but at a decreasing rate. Additionally, the demographic characteristics of households, food planning, and meal preparation had a statistically significant influence on food waste. The findings of this study, therefore, provide evidence that household food waste is highly dependent on people's behavior, and its reduction may depend on public policies and educational campaigns to make families aware of the problem.
Therapeutic potential of Buddleja Polystachya Fresen (stem and leaves) extracts: antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties for ocular disease management
Authors: Alghamdi Ali Hendi , Khalid Asaad , Ahmed Aimun A. E. , Abdalgadir Haidar , Bashir Mahadi , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Ashgar Sami S. , Alsaid Hamdi M. , Oraiby Magbool E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study on Buddleja polystachya highlights its phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxic impacts. The study emphasizes the plant’s potential to treat ocular diseases by identifying important compounds involved in the bioactivity through GC-MS analysis. This study explores the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of Buddleja polystachya (stem and leaves) extracts, with a focus on their application in treating bacterial ocular infections and their efficacy against MCF7, HT29, and HepG2 cancer cells. Through comprehensive GC-MS analysis, a diverse array of phytochemicals was identified within Buddleja polystachya stem and leaves extracts, including carbohydrates, phenolic derivatives, fatty acids, and steroidal components. The extracts were then evaluated for their biological activities, revealing significant antimicrobial properties against a range of bacterial strains implicated in ocular infections. The research findings demonstrate that stem extracts derived from Buddleja polystachya demonstrated high to moderate cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines MCF7, HT29, and HepG2. Notably, these effects were characterized by varying IC50 values, which suggest distinct levels of sensitivity. In contrast, leaf extracts exhibited reduced cytotoxicity when tested against all these cell lines, although they did so with a significantly higher cytotoxicity aganist HepG2 cells. The results of this investigation highlight the potential therapeutic utilization of Buddleja polystachya extracts in the management of ocular infections and cancer. These results support the need for additional research to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of these extracts and explore their potential as drugs.
Mapping alternative splicing events in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zheng Yifeng , Zhong Guoqiang , Song Qiuyu , Zhang Haonan , Wang Shanping , Lin Chuangzhen , He Chengcheng , Li Mingsong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough aberrant splicing events of genes are closely related to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), the mapping of abnormal splicing events, especially alternative splicing (AS) event types and the underlying effects, remain investigational. In the present study, we analyzed a public RNA-seq database (GSE138202) and identified 14,314 significant AS events in CRC patients compared to healthy individuals. Most of the key genes such as oncogenes involved in the development of CRC have different AS event types. Moreover, the results demonstrate that certain AS events may play a significant role in the functioning of key genes involved in splicing factors and microRNAs. Furthermore, we observed that the oncogene CDK4 in CRC tends to undergo exon 2 skipping AS events, resulting in a stronger tendency for protein expression to form complexes with CCND1, thereby inhibiting the cell cycle and weakening cell proliferation, while enhancing cell migration capability. These findings not only provide new insights into the mechanism of AS in regulating CRC, but also offers a theoretical basis for targeted splicing therapy in CRC.
Improving automatic cyberbullying detection in social network environments by fine-tuning a pre-trained sentence transformer language model
Authors: Gutiérrez-Batista Karel , Gómez-Sánchez Jesica , Fernandez-Basso Carlos 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The internet use among children and adolescents has increased massively recently. This situation has promoted harmful situations such as cyberbullying, which is becoming a worldwide problem that entails serious consequences for well-being. The detection of these attitudes is essential to prevent and act accordingly. Groundbreaking techniques based on deep learning, like pre-trained language models, have achieved state-of-the-art results in many downstream Natural Language Processing tasks. This paper presents a simple but effective approach to improve the detection of cyberbullying situations by fine-tuning a pre-trained sentence transformer language model. We experimented on three datasets, and the results surpassed the state-of-the-art results. The approach could help prevent cyberbullying, filter those messages, and detect those children involved in the situation, providing opportunities to develop intervention programs to address this problem.
Chemical engineering of zein with polyethylene glycol and Angiopep-2 to manufacture a brain-targeted docetaxel nanomedicine for glioblastoma treatment
Authors: Awad Seem , Araújo Marco , Faria Paulo , Sarmento Bruno , Martins Cláudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest adult brain cancer. The current standard-of-care chemotherapy using orally administered temozolomide (TMZ) presents poor improvement in patient survival, emphasizing the compelling need for new therapies. A possible chemotherapeutic alternative is docetaxel (DTX), which possesses higher tumoricidal potency against GBM cells. However, its limited blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability poses a constraint on its application. Nonetheless, nanomedicine offers promising avenues for overcoming this challenge. Angiopep-2 (ANG2) is a peptide that targets the BBB-overexpressed low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). In this work, we managed, for the first time, to employ a pioneering approach of covalently linking zein protein with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ANG2 prior to its formulation into nanoparticles (ZNPs) with enhanced stability and LDLR-mediated brain targetability, respectively. Carbodiimide and click chemistry approaches were optimized, resulting in functional modification of zein with around 25% PEG, followed by functional modification of PEG with nearly 100% ANG2. DTX-loaded ZNPs presented 100 nm average size, indicating high suitability for BBB crossing through receptor-mediated transcytosis. ZNPs maintained the cytotoxic effect of the loaded DTX against GBM cells, while demonstrating a safe matrix against BBB cells. Importantly, these brain-targeted ZNPs showcased up to fourfold enhancement in blood-to-brain permeability in a BBB in vitro model, highlighting the potential of this novel approach of BBB targeting in significantly improving therapeutic outcomes for GBM patients. The versatility of the system and the possibility of significantly increasing drug concentration in the brain open the door to its future application in a wide range of other brain-related diseases.
Graphical abstract
Biodynamers: applications of dynamic covalent chemistry in single-chain polymer nanoparticles
Authors: Zeroug-Metz Lena , Lee Sangeun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC) enables the development of responsive molecular systems through the integration of reversible bonds at the molecular level. These systems are thermodynamically stable and capable of undergoing various molecular assemblies and transformations, allowing them to adapt to changes in environmental conditions like temperature and pH. Introducing DCC into the field of polymer science has led to the design of Single-Chain Nanoparticles (SCNPs), which are formed by self-folding via intramolecular crosslinking mechanisms. Defined by their adaptability, SCNPs mimic biopolymers in size and functionality. Biodynamers, a subclass of SCNPs, are specifically designed for their stimuli-responsive and tunable, dynamic properties. Mimicking complex biological structures, their scope of application includes target-specific and pH-responsive drug delivery, enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape. In this manuscript, we discuss the integration of DCC for the design of SCNPs, focusing particularly on the characteristics of biodynamers and their biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. By underlining their potential, we highlight the factors driving the growing interest in SCNPs, providing an overview of recent developments and future perspectives in this research field.
Graphical Abstract
Nutrition Module: Addressing the Nutrition Education Gap in Undergraduate Medical Curricula via a Novel Approach
Authors: Chen Pinyu , Alexander Seth McKenzie , Baute Penry Vanessa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Despite the known importance of nutrition on health outcomes, most medical curricula do not dedicate sufficient time to nutrition topics. Many barriers prevent the successful integration of nutrition education into existing curricula.

Methods
We created an online nutrition module to educate students about foundational nutritional topics. To assess the efficacy of the module and improve integration of knowledge, students were asked to take a pre-assessment and a post-assessment immediately before and after completion of the module. Two months after completion, students were asked to take a follow-up assessment to assess long-term retention of the information covered in the module.

Results
A total of 15 medical students completed all the requirements of the nutrition module (including pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments). The mean percent correct on the pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments were 67.5%, 87.0%, and 83.5%, respectively. The absolute difference between the pre- and post-module scores was 3.8 points (19.0%, t = 9.2, p < 0.0001). The absolute difference between the mean post- and follow-up scores was − 0.93 points (4.7%, t =  − 1.7, p = 0.1154).

Discussion
Most medical students do not feel adequately prepared to counsel patients on nutrition. Development of an accessible, online nutrition module was effective in teaching medical students about nutritional topics and in retaining the information over time. Advantages of the module include flexibility for students to choose when to complete the learning, brief (< 1 h) concise material, and the ability for educators to quickly update the module content.
Regional Assessment of Groundwater Contamination Risk from Crude Oil Spillages in the Niger Delta: A Novel Application of the Source-Pathway-Receptor Model
Authors: Oyebamiji Ajibola R. , Hoque Mohammad A. , Whitworth Malcolm 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Onshore oil spills are known for their disastrous environmental impacts and potential to cause lasting damage to underlying groundwater. The Niger Delta is particularly vulnerable to widespread spillages linked to extensive oil exploration, transportation, and theft-related incidents. This research employed a geospatial approach in formulating risk equations, based on the source-pathway-receptor (S-P-R) model using multiple openly available data sets, to assess groundwater contamination risk in the Niger Delta Region (NDR), Nigeria. To develop the overall risk equation, the study combined fourteen thematic data layers including the volume of oil spilled, type of spill, slope, elevation, proximity to spill site, pipeline, oil wells and streams, drainage density, mean annual precipitation and population density. These layers were integrated into source potency, pathway transmissivity, and receptor susceptibility. The NDR was systematically categorized into low, moderate, and high groundwater risk zones. The delineation revealed that high-risk zones predominantly span the central areas, extending from southeast to northwest, effectively encircled by regions of low to medium risk located in both the northern and southern extents of the delta. The efficacy of the risk model was corroborated by existing knowledge. Moderate to high-risk zones were found to be in about 16% of the NDR, revealing previously unknown areas of risk. This spatial configuration underscores a significant gradient in contamination risk across the NDR, with the central corridor emerging as a critical focus for groundwater protection and remediation efforts. In line with UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) #6, this study recommends targeted strategies to ensure clean water provision in these identified high-risk areas. By leveraging the S-P-R model within this complex and sensitive ecological area, this research both advances environmental risk assessment and sets a precedent for future large-scale environmental risk assessments utilizing open-source data.