bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme Thermal Noxious Stimuli Induce Pain Responses in Zebrafish Larvae
Authors: Malafoglia Valentina , Colasanti Marco , Raffaeli William , Balciunas Darius , Giordano Antonio , Bellipanni Gianfranco 
Published: August 2013

AbstractExposing tissues to extreme high or low temperature leads to burns. Burned animals sustain several types of damage, from the disruption of the tissue to degeneration of axons projecting through muscle and skin. Such damage causes pain due to both inflammation and axonal degeneration (neuropathic‐like pain). Thus, the approach to cure and alleviate the symptoms of burns must be twofold: rebuilding the tissue that has been destroyed and alleviating the pain derived from the burns. While tissue regeneration techniques have been developed, less is known on the treatment of the induced pain. Thus, appropriate animal models are necessary for the development of the best treatment for pain induced in burned tissues. We have developed a methodology in the zebrafish aimed to produce a new animal model for the study of pain induced by burns. Here, we show that two events linked to the onset of burn‐induced inflammation and neuropathic‐like pain in mammals, degeneration of axons innervating the affected tissues and over‐expression of specific genes in sensory tissues, are conserved from zebrafish to mammals. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 300–308, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodegradability and kinetics of the removal of new peralkylated imidazolium ionic liquids
Authors: Liwarska‐Bizukojc Ewa , Maton Cedric , Stevens Christian V. , Gendaszewska Dorota 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIonic liquids are regarded as potential substitutes for volatile organic solvents. Thus, gaining knowledge about their biological properties is an important task. The main aim of this work was to estimate the biodegradability of newly synthesized tetra‐ and completely substituted imidazolium ionic liquids. Additionally, the kinetic parameters for the biological treatment of wastewater containing one of these ionic liquids were determined.RESULTSThe results of OECD tests showed that none of the ionic liquids studied can be classified as readily or inherently biodegradable. The tetra‐substituted ionic liquid with the longest alkyl side chain consisting of six carbon atoms was more susceptible to biodegradation than the other ionic liquids tested. The values of Monod kinetic parameters estimated for the biological treatment of wastewater containing one of these ionic liquids were usually in the range of the values determined for municipal wastewater.CONCLUSIONNewly synthesized tetra‐ and completely substituted imidazolium ionic liquids are not susceptible to microbial decomposition. At the same time their presence in wastewater neither reduces the growth rate of activated sludge biomass nor decreases the affinity of substrate to biomass. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A hydrologic model for the uppermost oceanic crust constrained by temperature estimates from carbonate minerals
Authors: Anderson B. W. , Gillis K. M. , Coogan L. A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHydrologic models of the oceanic crust commonly assume that the uppermost igneous extrusive layer of the aquifer is thermally well mixed, although this assumption has not been rigorously tested. Here, the assumption of a thermally well‐mixed aquifer is tested against the geological record using O isotope‐derived crystallization temperatures of carbonates in the lavas as a record of the temperatures experienced by the aquifer. It is found that carbonate formation temperatures are higher than can be explained by a model of outcrop‐to‐outcrop flow in a well‐mixed aquifer at four of the seven drilling locations analyzed. A poorly mixed aquifer is developed to further explore the crustal hydrology at these locations. Relative to a well‐mixed aquifer, a poorly mixed aquifer can achieve higher average temperatures, develops larger lateral pressure gradients driving flow, and requires a lower permeability to achieve a given lateral fluid flux. O isotope data from most of the carbonate samples analyzed are consistent with temperatures achievable in a poorly mixed aquifer; those samples which are not consistent can be explained by plausible special circumstances (such as formation at a discharge zone, where ascending fluid may warm the uppermost aquifer).
Simvastatin treatment showed no prophylactic effect in influenza virus‐infected mice
Authors: Glück Brigitte , Schmidtke Michaela , Walther Mario , Meerbach Astrid , Wutzler Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSimvastatin, a cholesterol‐lowering drug, is reported to have immunomodulatory properties that attenuated acute lung injury independent of their major lipid lowering effects. Based on these reports, simvastatin is expected to be used for influenza prophylaxis and treatment. The present study evaluated the efficacy of simvastatin against influenza A/PR/8/34 virus infection in a murine model. In a first study, simvastatin was administered orally. To achieve high plasma levels, intraperitoneal application was used in a second study. Survival, body weight loss, viral titers in lung and trachea, and histologic lung injury were measured. Surprisingly, treatment with simvastatin resulted in lower survival rates and in more distinct body mass loss in comparison to virus‐infected control mice. Furthermore, the viral load in lungs and tracheas as well as histopathological lesions were not reduced by simvastatin. Overall, these results showed that simvastatin failed to protect mice against influenza virus infection. J Med. Virol. 85:1978–1982, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolutionary pattern of reemerging influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses in São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2012: Implications for vaccine composition strategy
Authors: Paiva T.M. , Benega M.A. , Silva D.B.B. , Santos K.C.O. , Cruz A.S. , Hortenci M.F. , Barbieri M.T. , Monteiro M.M. , Barbosa H.A. , Carvalhanas T.R.M.P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSince the 1980s, 2 antigenically distinct influenza B lineages have cocirculated in the world: B/Victoria/2/87 (first appeared in the 1980s) and B/Yamagata/16/88 (became predominant in the 1990s). B/Victoria/2/87 isolates were geographically restricted to eastern Asia during 1991–2000. During 2000–2001 and 2001–2002, B/Victoria/2/87 isolates reemerged in North America, Europe, and South America, and then spread globally. During influenza virus surveillance, season 2002, an outbreak of acute respiratory illness, which quickly spread among the population, has been notified by public health authorities living in Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. Instituto Adolfo Lutz and Secretariat of Health of São Paulo state teams initiate an investigation towards to describe the pattern of infection in this population temporally and by age and to characterize the strains by virus isolation and hemagglutination inhibition assay. The outbreak lasted approximately 10 weeks; many cases occurred between mid‐August and mid‐September. Children younger than 13 years were the most affected; the elderly were mostly immune to infection. Analysis of the clinical respiratory samples helped in identifying the B/Hong Kong/330/2001 and B/Brisbane/32/2002 subtypes—recent variants of B/Victoria/02/88, a lineage restricted to Southeast Asia until 2001. The Araraquara outbreak confirms the reemergence of the B/Victoria viruses in South America and highlights the importance of monitoring local circulating strains, especially in light of the absence of cross‐protection between antigenically distinct influenza lineages. Based on influenza virus surveillance, public health authorities worldwide should decide whether trivalent vaccines or quadrivalent vaccines (containing both influenza virus B lineages) are to be used in each country. J Med. Virol. 85:1983–1989, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HCV viremia drives an increment of CD86 expression by myeloid dendritic cells
Authors: Malta F.M. , Bruno F.R. , Carvalho K.I. , Nastri A.C.S.S. , Kalil J. , Carrilho F.J. , Kallas E.G. , Pinho J.R.R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe host immune response, including innate and adaptive immunity, plays a critical role in determining the outcome of viral infection. Nevertheless, little is known about the exact reasons for the failure of the host immune system in controlling hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Impairment of dendritic cells (DCs) function is probably one of the mechanisms responsible for immune evasion of HCV. In this study, the frequency and phenotype of DCs subsets were analyzed in three groups: HCV‐infected individuals who developed viral persistence (1), HCV‐infected individuals who spontaneously cleared the virus (2) and HCV‐seronegative uninfected subjects (3). The results showed that the frequency of DCs subsets was not statistically significant between groups. Plasmacytoid DCs circulating exhibited an immature phenotype characterized by low expression of CD86. On the other hand, CD86 expression in myeloid DCs was significantly higher in chronic infected individuals compared to healthy controls (P = 0.037). A positive correlation was observed between CD86+ myeloid DC (mDC) and HCV viral load (r = 0.4121, P = 0.0263). These results suggest that HCV did not have an inhibitory effect on mDC maturation and the HCV viremia drives the increase of CD86 expression in mDC. The regulation of DCs maturation and migration lies at the level of intracellular signaling. HCV can activate or block intracellular signaling pathways and alter DC function. In conclusion, the present study suggests that imbalance of DC maturation by the virus represents a mechanism of evasion of the immune system despite the fact that HCV viremia appears to exert a “stimulatory” effect on cell‐surface immune phenotype. J Med. Virol. 85:1919–1924, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in patients with undetectable HBsAg undergoing chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma
Authors: Matsui Takeshi , Kang Jong‐Hon , Nojima Masanori , Tomonari Akiko , Aoki Hironori , Yamazaki Hajime , Yane Kei , Tsuji Kunihiko , Andoh Seisho , Andoh Sachiko , Sakai Hajime , Maemori Masayo , Maguchi Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDespite increasing reports of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in hematological malignancies, its incidence, and risk factors are still obscure. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency and risk factors of HBV reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) undetectable patients with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, during or after chemotherapy. A total of 109 patients with undetectable HBsAg undergoing chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma were enrolled in this study. Anti‐hepatitis B surface (anti‐HBs) and anti‐hepatitis B core (anti‐HBc) were checked before treatment, and HBV DNA in sera was quantified monthly during and after chemotherapy. Out of 109 patients, 42 (38.5%) had anti‐HBs and 59 (54.1%) had anti‐HBc. Among the 59 anti‐HBc positive patients, four patients (4/59, 6.8%) showed HBV reactivation during 20.5 median follow‐up months. In all four patients with HBV reactivation, peripheral lymphocyte counts before chemotherapy were lower than those without HBV reactivation (P = 0.033). HBV reactivation occurred during and after chemotherapy containing rituximab for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Four patients, who had HBV reactivation, did not develop de novo hepatitis due to HBV reactivation and were able to undergo chemotherapy against malignant lymphoma as scheduled. Monitoring of HBV DNA in sera is useful for the early diagnosis of HBV reactivation, and preemptive therapy is an useful alternative to prevent hepatitis due to HBV reactivation. Patients must be monitored periodically for HBV‐DNA levels during and after chemotherapy. J Med. Virol. 85:1900–1906, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Variability of the preC/C region of hepatitis B virus genotype A from a South African cohort predominantly infected with HIV
Authors: Mayaphi Simnikiwe H. , Martin Desmond J. , Mphahlele M. Jeffrey , Blackard Jason T. , Bowyer Sheila M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a serious global health problem, and HBV genotype is an important determinant of disease progression and treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to assess variations of the precore/core (preC/C) region in HBV genotype A. Sequencing of the preC/C and surface (S) genes of HBV was performed on plasma samples from 20 HBV/HIV co‐infected and 5 HBV mono‐infected individuals. All preC/C study sequences clustered with subgenotype A1, except for two which clustered with subgenotype D4 reference strains. The nucleotide and amino acid variability was far higher in the preC/C region than in the S region. Mutations associated with reduction or failure of HBV e‐antigen (HBeAg) production were observed, with a preC start codon mutation being common (24%). Other mutations (e.g., P5H/L and I97L) associated with severe liver disease were also noticed, some of which were located in the major histocompatibility restricted sites. PreC/C intergenotype nucleotide divergence was >7%, while subgenotypes differed by 2.5–7%. Several study sequences were highly divergent from other African subgenotype A1 strains. This study showed that HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B is underestimated in subgenotype A1, and also highlighted the variant South African A1 strains. The major advantage of preC/C sequencing is that it informs patient management as HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B responds poorly to conventional interferon‐α therapy, and some guidelines treat HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B differently from HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B. These data suggest that subgenotype A1 may be more involved in severe HBV‐related diseases. J Med. Virol. 85:1883–1892, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Indian Ocean subtropical dipole on spring rainfall over China
Authors: Feng Junqiao , Yu Lejiang , Hu Dunxin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the influence of the South Indian Ocean subtropical dipole (IOSD) on spring (March‐April‐May; MAM) rainfall over central‐eastern China (CEC) and its dynamic processes by using station observations of China, Met Office Hadley Centre SST data for the period 1951–2012 and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data for the period 1958–2012. It is found that the IOSD event which peaks in the boreal winter can persist to the following spring, with strength slightly weakening. Boreal spring rainfall over CEC, i.e. the middle‐lower reaches of Yangtze River, the Yellow River valley as well as regions between them, has a significant correlation with the IOSD event. When the positive (negative) IOSD event occurs in the previous winter, the CEC is dry (wet) in the spring. One of possible mechanisms that the IOSD affects the China spring rainfall is the modulation of the meridional circulation, especially the Hadley cell in the tropic along 100–120°E. In the positive IOSD years, associated with the cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) and warm SSTA in the southeastern Indian Ocean (SEIO) and southwestern Indian Ocean, there is anomalous ascent over the equatorial Indian Ocean, whereas downward flows over the SEIO and CEC. The Hadley cell over this region intensifies. Anomalous northerly wind at 850 hPa prevails, preventing wet and warm air flow from the low latitudes, which in turn transports less moisture into CEC and favours decreased rainfall. Meanwhile, the CEC is located at the sinking region of the Hadley cell. The atmosphere is fed by low moisture content over this area, also unfavourable for the occurrence of precipitation. This paper suggests that the SSTA in the southern Indian Ocean can be a good predictor for the China spring precipitation and proposes a possible mechanism for the connection of the mid‐latitude climate variations of both hemispheres induced by air–sea interaction.
Possible influence of AAO on North Korean rainfall in August
Authors: Choi Ki‐Seon , Oh Su‐Bin , Kim Do‐Woo , Byun Hi‐Ryong 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study found a positive correlation between the August rainfall in North Korea and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) in August. Causes of increasing rainfall in the positive AAO phase are (1) the increasing frequency of tropical cyclones that land in or affect the Korean Peninsula, (2) the reinforcement of Australian high (AH) in the Southern Hemisphere, and (3) atmospheric instability at all levels in August in North Korea. The reinforcement of AH forms an anomalous cross‐equatorial flow in the western Pacific and plays a decisive role in the northward development of the subtropical western North Pacific high (SWNPH). Furthermore, large volumes of warm and humid air are supplied to North Korea owing to this development. As a result, atmosphere in North Korea becomes unstable, and it is found that the reinforcement of anomalous warm sea surface temperature (SST) in the middle latitude of East Asia is another cause of the instability.
Antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) pods in vitro and in model food emulsions
Authors: Skowyra Monika , Falguera Víctor , Gallego Gabriela , Peiró Sara , Almajano María Pilar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe successful replacement of some synthetic food antioxidants by safe natural antioxidants has fostered intensive search for new vegetable sources of antioxidants. In our study the phenol and flavonoid content of extracts of tara pods was determined. The antioxidant activity was also studied by three different analytical assays: the measurement of scavenging capacity against a radical ABTS+, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).RESULTSAll analyzed samples showed a good antioxidant capacity, but the use of a solution of ethanol 75% in a 1 h ultrasonic process allowed achieving the greatest quantity of phenolics (0.464 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g−1 dry weight (DW) ) and the highest antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS+ and ORAC methods (10.17 and 4.29 mmol L−1 Trolox equivalents (TE) g−1 DW, respectively). The best method for efficient extraction of flavonoids (3.08 mg catechin equivalent (CE) g−1 DW) was a 24 h maceration in cold water. Two extracts obtained with ethanol 75% and water were added to a model food system (oil‐in‐water emulsion) and the oxidative stability was studied during storage at 38 °C. Oxidation was monitored by determination of the peroxide value. The addition of 48 µg mL−1 ethanol extract to the emulsion delayed oxidation to the same extent as 17.8 µg mL−1 of Trolox, while water extract was only effective in the early stages of the oxidation process.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that ethanolic tara extracts may be suitable for use in food, cosmetic and nutraceutical applications. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of the volatile profiles of beer using headspace solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Rossi Serena , Sileoni Valeria , Perretti Giuseppe , Marconi Ombretta 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was a multivariate characterization of the volatile profile of beers. Such a characterization is timely considering the increasing worldwide consumption of beer, the continuous growth of microbreweries and the importance of volatile compounds to beer flavour. A method employing solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SPME‐GC‐MS) was optimized and then applied to a sample set of 36 industrial and craft beers of various styles and fermentation types.RESULTSThe volatile profiles of different beer styles is described, with particular attention paid to the volatile compounds characteristic of a spontaneously fermented lambic raspberry framboise beer. Furthermore, it was also possible to identify which specific volatile compounds are principally responsible for the differences in the volatile profiles of top‐ and bottom‐fermented beers. Moreover, a volatile fingerprint of the craft top‐fermented Italian beers was defined, as they show a very similar volatile profile. Finally, the volatile compounds that are characteristic of the bock‐style beers are described.CONCLUSIONSThe SPME‐GC‐MS analytical method optimized in this study is suitable for characterizing the volatile fingerprint of different beers, especially on the basis of the kind of fermentation (top, bottom or spontaneous), the method of production and the style of the beer. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Antimicrobial effect of bayberry leaf extract for the preservation of large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea)
Authors: Su Hongming , Chen Wei , Fu Shalu , Wu Chu , Li Kai , Huang Zhaoyi , Wu Tao , Li Jianrong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical preservatives have been widely used to keep large yellow croaker fresh. However, the potential harm to human health cannot be ignored. This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial effect of bayberry leaf extract and to evaluate the efficacy of this natural product on the preservation of large yellow croaker.RESULTSThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of bayberry leaf extract against bacteria were 1.0 mg mL−1 for Micrococcus luteus, 0.5 mg mL−1 for Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 mg mL−1 for Escherichia coli, 0.5 mg mL−1 for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.0625 mg mL−1 for Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 0.03125 mg mL−1 for Listeria monocytogenes, respectively. This result was confirmed by the diameters of inhibition zone (DIZ) assay. Further studies showed that the bacterial growth was significantly retarded when large yellow croaker was pretreated with bayberry leaf extract (2 g L−1) compared to that in the control group. Moreover, the generation of total volatile basic nitrogenous compounds (TVB‐N), ATP degradation products (K‐value) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly reduced compared to that in the control group.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated that the shelf life of large yellow croaker can be extended when supplemented with bayberry leaf extract, which might have implications for natural preservatives. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Breeding for seedless grapes using Chinese wild Vitis spp. II. In vitro embryo rescue and plant development
Authors: Ji Wei , Wang Yuejin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince 1982, the embryo rescue technique has been widely applied to embryo germination of stenospermic grapes in cross‐breeding programmes. This project aimed to: (1) use embryos to breed new seedless cultivars of Vitis vinifera as the female parents utilising wild Chinese Vitis spp. as the male parents; and (2) develop an efficient method for in vitro embryo rescue and plant development.RESULTSAmong the different genotypes, the productions of hybrid plants were significantly different, ranged from 21.1% (‘Ruby Seedless’ × ‘Beichun’) to only 1.1% (‘Pink Seedless’ × ‘Beichun’), except for the combinations from which no surviving seedlings were obtained. We collected hybridisation fruits from 28 June to 3 August, and obtained their best sampling times described within days after flowering. The highest rates of embryo formation (24.3%) and plant development (91.4%) were found when ovules of ‘Ruby Seedless’ were cultured in MM4 + 500 mg L−1 mashed banana.CONCLUSIONSeven new hybrids of V. vinifera with wild Chinese Vitis spp. were obtained. As a result of early nuclear‐free character identification, 17 seedless grape lines were obtained. An efficient system of seedless grape breeding through embryo rescue was also established. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry