bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective correction of involuntary microscopic head movement using highly accelerated fat image navigators (3D FatNavs) at 7T
Authors: Gallichan Daniel , Marques José P. , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThe goal of the present study was to use a three‐dimensional (3D) gradient echo volume in combination with a fat‐selective excitation as a 3D motion navigator (3D FatNav) for retrospective correction of microscopic head motion during high‐resolution 3D structural scans of extended duration. The fat excitation leads to a 3D image that is itself sparse, allowing high parallel imaging acceleration factors – with the additional advantage of a minimal disturbance of the water signal used for the host sequence.MethodsA 3D FatNav was inserted into two structural protocols: an inversion‐prepared gradient echo at 0.33 × 0.33 × 1.00 mm resolution and a turbo spin echo at 600 μm isotropic resolution.ResultsMotion estimation was possible with high precision, allowing retrospective motion correction to yield clear improvements in image quality, especially in the conspicuity of very small blood vessels.ConclusionThe highly accelerated 3D FatNav allowed motion correction with noticeable improvements in image quality, even for head motion which was small compared with the voxel dimensions of the host sequence. Magn Reson Med 75:1030–1039, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Targeting the Gremlin–VEGFR2 axis – a promising strategy for multiple diseases?
Authors: Erdmann Robert , Ozden Cansu , Weidmann Jens , Schultze Alexander 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPublished recently in the Journal of Pathology, Lavoz et al. show that Gremlin promotes renal inflammation directly via VEGFR2. As Gremlin has been implicated in many other diseases, such as heart, lung and liver fibrosis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis and cancer, the new findings provide a rationale for novel concepts to investigate and potentially treat several pathologies. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High nitric oxide production, secondary to inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, is essential for regulation of the tumour‐initiating properties of colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Puglisi Maria Ausiliatrice , Cenciarelli Carlo , Tesori Valentina , Cappellari Marianna , Martini Maurizio , Di Francesco Angela Maria , Giorda Ezio , Carsetti Rita , Ricci‐Vitiani Lucia , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChronic inflammation is a leading cause of neoplastic transformation in many human cancers and especially in colon cancer (CC), in part due to tumour promotion by nitric oxide (NO) generated at inflammatory sites. It has also been suggested that high NO synthesis, secondary to inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression, is a distinctive feature of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumour cells with self‐renewal capacity. In this study we explored the contribution of NO to the development of colon CSC features and evaluated potential strategies to treat CC by modulating NO production. Our data show an integral role for endogenous NO and iNOS activity in the biology of colon CSCs. Indeed, colon CSCs with high endogenous NO production (NOhigh) displayed higher tumourigenic abilities than NOlow fractions. The blockade of endogenous NO availability, using either a specific iNOS inhibitor or a genetic knock‐down of iNOS, resulted in a significant reduction of colon CSC tumourigenic capacities in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, analysis of genes altered by iNOS‐directed shRNA showed that the knockdown of iNOS expression was associated with a significant down‐regulation of signalling pathways involved in stemness and tumour progression in colon CSCs. These findings confirm that endogenous NO plays an important role in defining the stemness properties of colon CSCs through cross‐regulation of several cellular signalling pathways. This discovery could shed light on the mechanisms by which NO induces the growth and invasiveness of CC, providing new insights into the link between inflammation and colon tumourigenesis. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A glycolytic phenotype is associated with prostate cancer progression and aggressiveness: a role for monocarboxylate transporters as metabolic targets for therapy
Authors: Pertega‐Gomes Nelma , Felisbino Sergio , Massie Charlie E , Vizcaino Jose R , Coelho Ricardo , Sandi Chiranjeevi , Simoes‐Sousa Susana , Jurmeister Sarah , Ramos‐Montoya Antonio , Asim Mohammad , Tran Maxine , Oliveira Elsa , Lobo da Cunha Alexandre , Maximo Valdemar , Baltazar Fatima , Neal David E , Fryer Lee GD 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMetabolic adaptation is considered an emerging hallmark of cancer, whereby cancer cells exhibit high rates of glucose consumption with consequent lactate production. To ensure rapid efflux of lactate, most cancer cells express high levels of monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), which therefore may constitute suitable therapeutic targets. The impact of MCT inhibition, along with the clinical impact of altered cellular metabolism during prostate cancer (PCa) initiation and progression, has not been described. Using a large cohort of human prostate tissues of different grades, in silico data, in vitro and ex vivo studies, we demonstrate the metabolic heterogeneity of PCa and its clinical relevance. We show an increased glycolytic phenotype in advanced stages of PCa and its correlation with poor prognosis. Finally, we present evidence supporting MCTs as suitable targets in PCa, affecting not only cancer cell proliferation and survival but also the expression of a number of hypoxia‐inducible factor target genes associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we suggest that patients with highly glycolytic tumours have poorer outcome, supporting the notion of targeting glycolytic tumour cells in prostate cancer through the use of MCT inhibitors. © 2015 Authors. Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Macrophage PPARγ and impaired wound healing in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Mirza Rita E , Fang Milie M , Novak Margaret L , Urao Norifumi , Sui Audrey , Ennis William J , Koh Timothy J 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMacrophages undergo a transition from pro‐inflammatory to healing‐associated phenotypes that is critical for efficient wound healing. However, the regulation of this transition during normal and impaired healing remains to be elucidated. In our studies, the switch in macrophage phenotypes during skin wound healing was associated with up‐regulation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ and its downstream targets, along with increased mitochondrial content. In the setting of diabetes, up‐regulation of PPARγ activity was impaired by sustained expression of IL‐1β in both mouse and human wounds. In addition, experiments with myeloid‐specific PPARγ knockout mice indicated that loss of PPARγ in macrophages is sufficient to prolong wound inflammation and delay healing. Furthermore, PPARγ agonists promoted a healing‐associated macrophage phenotype both in vitro and in vivo, even in the diabetic wound environment. Importantly, topical administration of PPARγ agonists improved healing in diabetic mice, suggesting an appealing strategy for down‐regulating inflammation and improving the healing of chronic wounds. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lysine‐based functional blocked isocyanates for the preparation of polyurethanes provided with pendant side groups
Authors: Yin Jie , Wildeman Jur , Loontjens Ton 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article describes a methodology to prepare polyurethanes (PUs), decorated with pendant (bio)functional side groups, by polymerizing (bio)functionalized blocked diisocyanates with polyols. Caprolactam blocked lysine diisocyanate methyl ester (BLDI‐OMe) was prepared in high yields, by reacting the methyl ester of lysine with carbonyl biscaprolactam. In the absence of a catalyst, the polymerization of BLDI‐OMe with polycaprolactone and polytetrahydrofuran resulted in strictly linear PUs due to the high selective reactivity of the blocked isocyanates (BIs). Although the ester appeared to be less reactive, we found hydrolyzing conditions for the ester, without affecting the BIs. The free acid groups were converted into a N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated ester, which was a versatile intermediate for further functionalization. After having demonstrated that model amines were able to substitute NHS without effecting the BIs groups, the same chemistry was used to couple biotin, giving a biotin functional caprolactam blocked lysine diisocyanate. The polymerization with polyols afforded the corresponding biotin‐functional PUs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2036–2049
Adiponectin as a potential tumor suppressor inhibiting epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition but frequently silenced in prostate cancer by promoter methylation
Authors: Tan Weiwei , Wang Lin , Ma Quanping , Qi Mei , Lu Ning , Zhang Lili , Han Bo 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDRecent evidence suggests a particular role for obesity in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Adiponectin (ADN) is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue and has a variety of functions including the inhibition of PCa cell proliferation. Although serum ADN levels have been identified to be related with carcinogenesis in a tissue‐specific context, the exact role of endogenous ADN in PCa cells remains largely unknown.METHODSTwo tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to detect ADN's expression in a cohort of 96 Chinese PCa patients with radical prostatectomy as well as 15 cases with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). MTS and transwell assays were applied to validate the effects of ADN on proliferation and invasive capacity of PCa cells. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate the expression at transcript and protein levels. Epigenetic modifications of ADN's promoter after TGF‐β1 treatment in 22RV1 cells was monitored by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Methylation‐Specific PCR (MSP) was performed to determine the methylation status of ADN's promoter.RESULTSIHC showed decreased levels of ADN in 1 of 15 (6.7%) BPH cases, 6 of 27 (22.2%) PCa cases with low Gleason score (<7), 18 of 26 (69.2%) cases with Gleason score 7, but 32 of 43 (74.4%) cases with high Gleason score (>7). Silencing endogenous ADN could promote proliferation and invasion of 22RV1 cells via orchestrating Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process. TGF‐β1, a potent EMT inducer, could decrease levels of chromatin markers associated with active genes (H3K4me3, H4acetylK16), and increase levels of repressive marker (H3K27me3) at ADN promoter in 22RV1 cells. Additionally, 5‐aza and TSA treatment restored ADN expression in LNCaP cells in which the ADN expression was almost absent. MSP analysis revealed that methylation in the promoter might be involved in decreased expression of ADN in PCa tissues.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicated that endogenous ADN may function as a tumor suppressor gene through inhibiting EMT of PCa cells but is down‐regulated in PCa via promoter hypermethylation. Prostate 75: 1197–1205, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Italian Validation of Homophobia Scale (HS)
Authors: Ciocca Giacomo , Capuano Nicolina , Tuziak Bogdan , Mollaioli Daniele , Limoncin Erika , Valsecchi Diana , Carosa Eleonora , Gravina Giovanni L. , Gianfrilli Daniele , Lenzi Andrea , Jannini Emmanuele A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Homophobia Scale (HS) is a valid tool to assess homophobia. This test is self-reporting, composed of 25 items, which assesses a total score and three factors linked to homophobia: behavior/negative affect, affect/behavioral aggression, and negative cognition.AimThe aim of this study was to validate the HS in the Italian context.MethodsAn Italian translation of the HS was carried out by two bilingual people, after which an English native translated the test back into the English language. A psychologist and sexologist checked the translated items from a clinical point of view. We recruited 100 subjects aged18–65 for the Italian validation of the HS. The Pearson coefficient and Cronbach's α coefficient were performed to test the test–retest reliability and internal consistency.Main Outcome MeasuresA sociodemographic questionnaire including the main information as age, geographic distribution, partnership status, education, religious orientation, and sex orientation was administrated together with the translated version of HS.ResultsThe analysis of the internal consistency showed an overall Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.92. In the four domains, the Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.90 in behavior/negative affect, 0.94 in affect/behavioral aggression, and 0.92 in negative cognition, whereas in the total score was 0.86. The test–retest reliability showed the following results: the HS total score was r = 0.93 (P &lt; 0.0001), behavior/negative affect was r = 0.79 (P &lt; 0.0001), affect/behavioral aggression was r = 0.81 (P &lt; 0.0001), and negative cognition was r = 0.75 (P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionsThe Italian validation of the HS revealed the use of this self-report test to have good psychometric properties. This study offers a new tool to assess homophobia. In this regard, the HS can be introduced into the clinical praxis and into programs for the prevention of homophobic behavior.
Macrophage-Lineage Cells Negatively Regulate the Hematopoietic Stem Cell Pool in Response to Interferon Gamma at Steady State and During Infection
Authors: McCabe Amanda , Zhang Yubin , Thai Vinh , Jones Maura , Jordan Michael B. , MacNamara Katherine C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) resident macrophages (Mϕs) regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization; however, their impact on HSC function has not been investigated. We demonstrate that depletion of BM resident Mϕs increases HSC proliferation as well as the pool of quiescent HSCs. At the same time, during bacterial infection where BM resident Mϕs are selectively increased we observe a decrease in HSC numbers. Moreover, strategies that deplete or reduce Mϕs during infection prevent HSC loss and rescue HSC function. We previously found that the transient loss of HSCs during infection is interferon-gamma (IFNγ)-dependent. We now demonstrate that IFNγ signaling specifically in Mϕs is critical for both the diminished HSC pool and maintenance of BM resident Mϕs during infection. In addition to the IFNγ-dependent loss of BM HSC and progenitor cells (HSPCs) during infection, IFNγ reduced circulating HSPC numbers. Importantly, under infection conditions AMD3100 or G-CSF-induced stem cell mobilization was impaired. Taken together, our data show that IFNγ acts on Mϕs, which are a negative regulator of the HSC pool, to drive the loss in BM and peripheral HSCs during infection. Our findings demonstrate that modulating BM resident Mϕ numbers can impact HSC function in vivo, which may be therapeutically useful for hematologic conditions and refinement of HSC transplantation protocols. Stem Cells 2015;33:2294–2305
Making variability less variable: matching expression system and host for oxygenase-based biotransformations
Authors: Lindmeyer Martin , Meyer Daniel , Kuhn Daniel , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVariability in whole-cell biocatalyst performance represents a critical aspect for stable and productive bioprocessing. In order to investigate whether and how oxygenase-catalyzed reactions are affected by such variability issues in solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas, different inducers, expression systems, and host strains were tested for the reproducibility of xylene and styrene monooxygenase catalyzed hydroxylation and epoxidation reactions, respectively. Significantly higher activity variations were found for biocatalysts based on solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida DOT-TIE and S12 compared with solvent-sensitive P. putida KT2440, Escherichia coli JM101, and solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas taiwanensis VLB120. Specific styrene epoxidation rates corresponded to cellular styrene monooxygenase contents. Detected variations in activity strictly depended on the type of regulatory system employed, being high with the alk- and low with the lac-system. These results show that the occurrence of clonal variability in recombinant gene expression in Pseudomonas depends on the combination of regulatory system and host strain, does not correlate with a general phenotype such as solvent tolerance, and must be evaluated case by case.
Trust-based decision-making for smart and adaptive environments
Authors: Hammer Stephan , Wißner Michael , André Elisabeth 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Smart environments are able to support users during their daily life. For example, smart energy systems can be used to support energy saving by controlling devices, such as lights or displays, depending on context information, such as the brightness in a room or the presence of users. However, proactive decisions should also match the users’ preferences to maintain the users’ trust in the system. Wrong decisions could negatively influence the users’ acceptance of a system and at worst could make them abandon the system. In this paper, a trust-based model, called User Trust Model (UTM), for automatic decision-making is proposed, which is based on Bayesian networks. The UTM’s construction, the initialization with empirical data gathered in an online survey, and its integration in an office setting are described. Furthermore, the results of a live study and a live survey analyzing the users’ experience and acceptance are presented.
Regret following female sterilization in Slovenia
Authors: Becner Anja , Turkanović Anela Bečić , But Igor 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the regret rate and risk factors for regret among women who have undergone sterilization.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted among all women who underwent a sterilization procedure at the University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia, in 2008–2012. Identified women were contacted and asked to complete an online questionnaire assessing regret and symptoms associated with depression.ResultsAmong 714 identified women, 308 (43.1%) completed the questionnaire. Four (1.3%) participants reported regret, and 9 (2.9%) reported that they would not opt for sterilization again, all of whom had post‐sterilization problems. Such problems were significantly associated with participants reporting that they would not opt for sterilization again (P = 0.003). Additionally, women who would not choose sterilization again had significantly higher scores on the depressive scale used than did those who would undergo sterilization again (P = 0.028).ConclusionFew women report regret after tubal sterilization in Slovenia. However, an additional consultation on post‐sterilization problems and depressive disorder before sterilization might minimize the risk of regret.
The Women of Kenya Speak: Imperial Activism and Settler Society, c.1930
Authors: van Tol Deanne 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article examines the politics of colonial voluntary work as an aspect of settler society and in relation to broader networks of imperial activism and reform. The East Africa Women's League, a predominant white women's organization in colonial Kenya, participated in settler politics during debates in 1930 concerning a Closer Union of British territories in East Africa. This involvement established connections between the voluntary welfare activities of settler women in Kenya and contemporary transimperial activist networks. Drawing on the private archives of the League, this article argues that the public lives of white women in colonial Kenya were entwined in the tensions of welfare in the twentieth-century British imperial project.
CaV3.2 KO mice have altered retinal waves but normal direction
selectivity
Authors: HAMBY AARON M. , ROSA JULIANA M. , HSU CHING-HSIU , FELLER MARLA B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEarly in development, before the onset of vision, the retina establishes
direction-selective responses. During this time period, the retina spontaneously
generates bursts of action potentials that propagate across its extent. The
precise spatial and temporal properties of these “retinal
waves” have been implicated in the formation of retinal projections
to the brain. However, their role in the development of direction selective
circuits within the retina has not yet been determined. We addressed this issue
by combining multielectrode array and cell-attached recordings to examine mice
that lack the CaV3.2 subunit of T-type Ca2+ channels
(CaV3.2 KO) because these mice exhibit disrupted waves during the period that
direction selective circuits are established. We found that the spontaneous
activity of these mice displays wave-associated bursts of action potentials that
are altered from that of control mice: the frequency of these bursts is
significantly decreased and the firing rate within each burst is reduced.
Moreover, the projection patterns of the retina demonstrate decreased
eye-specific segregation in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN).
However, after eye-opening, the direction selective responses of CaV3.2 KO
direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) are indistinguishable from those of
wild-type DSGCs. Our data indicate that although the temporal properties of the
action potential bursts associated with retinal waves are important for
activity-dependent refining of retinal projections to central targets, they are
not critical for establishing direction selectivity in the retina.
The Hermeneutics of Omens: The Bankruptcy of Moral Cosmology in Western Han China (206bce–8ce)
Authors: CAI LIANG 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStudents of Chinese intellectual history are familiar with moral cosmology developed in the Han era, a theory that alleges thatruuse omens to admonish the emperor, and thereby to constrain and compete with his absolute political power. This thesis, in theory, is convincing; in actuality it is not. This article questions the autonomous power of omen discourse. Focusing on the socio-political conditions in which this discourse functioned, it demonstrates that, in real politics, the enactment of omen interpretation had nothing to do with restraining the power of the throne, but evolved with bloody factional struggles. Replacing the secret knowledge of diviners and astrologers with the common cultural heritage—the classics—and transforming the mysterious otherworldly spirits into a moral agent,rusuccessfully defeated the technical specialists and became the primary operators of the omen interpretation enterprise. The theoretical innovation that contributed toru'ssuccess, however, undermined their chance of building a social closure both to close off competition and to secure their interpretative authority. As numerous historical cases show, neither theruclassics nor the moral competence of the speaker add to the social efficacy of omen explanation: without monopolised knowledge, standardised hermeneutic rules, or institutionalised positions, omen discourse, rather than contesting political power, became its servant.