bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a new control strategy for 3D MRI‐controlled interstitial ultrasound cancer therapy
Authors: Goharrizi Amin Yazdanpanah , N'Djin William Apoutou , Kwong Raymond , Chopra Rajiv 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:MRI‐controlled interstitial ultrasound therapy is being developed as a minimally invasive, image‐guided treatment for localized cancers. The method uses an interstitial multielement ultrasound applicator to deliver high‐intensity ultrasound energy to tissue in order to achieve thermal coagulation in a target volume.Methods:A new temperature feedback control algorithm incorporating a proportional‐integral controller is introduced to tackle a multiple‐input single‐output control problem arising in MRI‐controlled interstitial ultrasound cancer therapy. The inputs to the controller block are the frequency, rotation rate, and applied power of an interstitial applicator and the output is the boundary temperature during treatment. Multiplanar magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry is acquired continuously during heating and used in the feedback control algorithm to achieve spatial control over treatment.Results:The method has been evaluated for prostate cancer treatment as an initial clinical application. Spatial treatment accuracy of a few millimeters is demonstrated in both simulations and experiments with the new controller. The spatial treatment accuracy of the new algorithm is shown to be equivalent or slightly improved over the existing approach implemented for this technology; however, the implementation of the new algorithm is much simpler, and does not involve time‐intensive tuning of gain constants.Conclusions:The study demonstrates the potential advantages of a new automatic temperature control system adapted to image guided interstitial ultrasound therapy.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Colistin in Burn Patients
Authors: Lee Jongtae , Han Seunghoon , Jeon Sangil , Hong Taegon , Song Wonkeun , Woo Heungjeong , Yim Dong-Seok 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Colistin is increasingly used as a salvage therapy for nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and
Acinetobacter baumannii
. However, the available pharmacokinetic (PK) data for colistin are limited to guide dosing. The aim of this study was to develop a population PK model of colistin and to identify the optimal dosage regimens for burn patients. Fifty patients with burns ranging from 4% to 85% of total body surface area who had been treated with colistimethate sodium (CMS) were studied. CMS, which is hydrolyzed
in vivo
to an active metabolite, was intravenously administered every 12 h. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after more than five infusions to measure the colistin concentration using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system. The population PK model was developed using nonlinear mixed effect modeling (NONMEM, v. 6.2). A one-compartment linear PK model for colistin best described the data. The covariates included in the final model were creatinine clearance for the relative fraction of CMS converted into colistin and the presence of edema for the turnover rate constant of CMS converted into colistin. A steady-state 24-h area under the concentration-time curve was simulated from 1,000 virtual patients receiving 150 mg colistin base activity every 12 h using the final model. Relative to previous studies with critically ill patients, the elimination half-life of colistin (6.6 h) was much shorter, and continuous renal replacement therapy was not a significant covariate for any PK parameters.
Favorable Outcome of Neonatal Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt-Associated Candida Meningitis with Caspofungin
Authors: Jans Jop , Brüggemann Roger J. M. , Christmann V. , Verweij Paul E. , Warris Adilia 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTInvasiveCandidainfections associated with medical devices are very difficult to cure without device removal. We present a case of neonatal cerebrospinal fluid shunt-associatedCandidameningitis, in which removal of the device was precluded, that was successfully treated with caspofungin. Pharmacokinetic assessment of caspofungin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid showed that exposure was adequate in the presence of a high systemic exposure. In complex cases of neonatalCandidainfections involving medical devices, the addition of caspofungin might be beneficial.
Humanized Mice, a New Model To Study the Influence of Drug Treatment on Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Ernst Wolfgang , Zimara Nicole , Hanses Frank , Männel Daniela N. , Seelbach-Göbel Birgit , Wege Anja K. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBacterial infection with group BStreptococcus(GBS) represents a prominent threat to neonates and fetuses in the Western world, causing severe organ damage and even death. To improve current therapeutic strategies and to investigate new approaches, an appropriatein vivomodel to study the immune response of a human immune system is needed. Therefore, we introduced humanized mice as a new model for GBS-induced sepsis. Humanized mice feature deficiencies similar to those found in neonates, such as lower immunoglobulin levels and myeloid cell dysfunction. Due to the husbandry in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) facilities, the human immune cells in these mice also exhibit a naive phenotype which mimics the conditions in fetuses/neonates. Following infection, cytokine release and leukocyte trafficking from the bone marrow to the lymphoid organ (spleen) and into the peritoneum (site of infection) as well as bacterial spreading and clearance were traceable in the humanized mice. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of betamethasone and indomethacin treatment using this novel sepsis model. Although both drugs are commonly used in perinatal care, little is known about their effects on the neonatal immune system. Treatment of infected humanized mice not only induced the reduction of human leukocytes in the spleen but also increased the bacterial load in all analyzed organs, including the brain, which did not show infiltration of live GBS in untreated controls. These studies demonstrate the utility of the humanized mice as a new model to study an immature human immune response during bacterial infection and allow the investigation of side effects induced by various treatments.
Virulence of the Shiga Toxin Type 2-Expressing Escherichia coli O104:H4 German Outbreak Isolate in Two Animal Models
Authors: Zangari Tonia , Melton-Celsa Angela R. , Panda Aruna , Boisen Nadia , Smith Mark A. , Tatarov Ivan , De Tolla Louis J. , Nataro James P. , O'Brien Alison D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

In May 2011, a large food-borne outbreak was traced to an unusual O104:H4 enteroaggregative
Escherichia coli
(EAEC) strain that produced Shiga toxin (Stx) type 2 (Stx2). We developed a mouse model to study the pathogenesis and treatment for this strain and examined the virulence of the isolate for Dutch belted rabbits. O104:H4 strain C227-11 was gavaged into C57BL/6 mice at 10
9
to 10
11
CFU/animal. The infected animals were then given water with ampicillin (Amp; 5 g/liter)
ad libitum
. The C227-11-infected, Amp-treated C57BL/6 mice exhibited both morbidity and mortality. Kidneys from mice infected with C227-11 showed acute tubular necrosis, a finding seen in mice infected with typical Stx-producing
E. coli
. We provided anti-Stx2 antibody after infection and found that all of the antibody-treated mice gained more weight than untreated mice and, in another study, that all of the antibody-treated animals lived, whereas 3/8 phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice died. We further compared the pathogenesis of C227-11 with that of an Stx-negative (Stx
−
) O104:H4 isolate, C734-09, and an Stx2
−
phage-cured derivative of C227-11. Whereas C227-11-infected animals lost weight or gained less weight over the course of infection and died, mice infected with either of the Stx
−
isolates did not lose weight and only one mouse died. When the Stx-positive (Stx
+
) and Stx2
−
O104:H4 strains were compared in rabbits, greater morbidity and mortality were observed in rabbits infected with the Stx2
+
isolates than the Stx2
−
isolates. In conclusion, we describe two animal models for EAEC pathogenesis, and these studies show that Stx2 is responsible for most of the virulence observed in C227-11-infected mice and rabbits.
Vitamin D Regulation of OX40 Ligand in Immune Responses to Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Nguyen Nikki Lynn Hue , Chen Kong , Mcaleer Jeremy , Kolls Jay K. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

OX40 ligand (OX40L) is a costimulatory molecule involved in Th2 allergic responses. It has been shown that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased OX40L expression in peripheral CD11c
+
cells and controls Th2 responses to
Aspergillus fumigatus
in vitro
in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). To investigate if vitamin D deficiency regulated OX40L and Th2 responses
in vivo
, we examined the effect of nutritional vitamin D deficiency on costimulatory molecules in CD11c
+
cells and
A. fumigatus
-induced Th2 responses. Vitamin D-deficient mice showed increased expression of OX40L on lung CD11c
+
cells, and OX40L was critical for enhanced Th2 responses to
A. fumigatus
in vivo
. In
in vitro
assays, vitamin D treatment led to vitamin D receptor (VDR) binding in the promoter region of OX40L and significantly decreased the promoter activity of the OX40L promoter. In addition, vitamin D altered NF-κB p50 binding in the OX40L promoter that may be responsible for repression of OX40L expression. These data show that vitamin D can act directly on OX40L, which impacts Th2 responses and supports the therapeutic use of vitamin D in diseases regulated by OX40L.
CDCP1 Regulates the Function of MT1-MMP and Invadopodia-Mediated Invasion of Cancer Cells
Authors: Miyazawa Yuri , Uekita Takamasa , Ito Yuumi , Seiki Motoharu , Yamaguchi Hideki , Sakai Ryuichi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB) domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1) is a transmembrane protein that regulates anchorage-independent growth and cancer cell migration and invasion. Expression of CDCP1 is detected in a number of cancer cell lines and tissues and is closely correlated with poor prognosis. Invadopodia are actin-based protrusions on the surface of invasive cancer cells that promote the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via localized proteolysis, which is mainly mediated by membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). MT1-MMP is accumulated at invadopodia by targeted delivery via membrane trafficking. The present study shows that CDCP1 is required for ECM degradation by invadopodia in human breast cancer and melanoma cells. CDCP1 localized to caveolin-1–containing vesicular structures and lipid rafts and was detected in close proximity to invadopodia. Further biochemical analysis revealed that substantial amounts of CDCP1 existed in the Triton X-100 insoluble lipid raft fraction. CDCP1 was coimmunoprecipitated with MT1-MMP and colocalized with MT1-MMP at the vesicular structures. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of the CDCP1 expression markedly inhibited MT1-MMP–dependent ECM degradation and Matrigel invasion and reduced the accumulation of MT1-MMP at invadopodia, as shown by immunofluorescence analysis. These results indicate that CDCP1 is an essential regulator of the trafficking and function of MT1-MMP- and invadopodia-mediated invasion of cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 11(6); 628–37. ©2013 AACR.
Management of Ventricular Tachycardia in the Setting of a Dedicated Unit for the Treatment of Complex Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Bella Paolo Della , Baratto Francesca , Tsiachris Dimitris , Trevisi Nicola , Vergara Pasquale , Bisceglia Caterina , Petracca Francesco , Carbucicchio Corrado , Benussi Stefano , Maisano Francesco , Alfieri Ottavio , Pappalardo Federico , Zangrillo Alberto , Maccabelli Giuseppe 
Published: February 2013

Background—
We investigated the impact of catheter ablation on ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence and survival in a large number of patients with structural heart disease treated in the setting of a dedicated multiskilled unit.

Methods and Results—

Since January 2007, we have implemented a multidisciplinary model, aiming for a comprehensive management of VT patients. Programmed ventricular stimulation was used to assess acute outcome. Primary end points were VT recurrence and the occurrence of cardiac and sudden cardiac death. Overall, 528 patients were treated by ablation (634 procedures; 1–4 procedures per patient). Among 482 tested with programmed ventricular stimulation after the last procedure, a class A result (noninducibility of any VT) was obtained in 371 patients (77%), class B (inducibility of nondocumented VT) in 12.4%, and class C (inducibility of index VT) in 10.6%. After a median follow-up time of 26 months, VT recurred in 164 (34.1%) of 472 patients. VT recurrence was documented in 28.6% of patients with a class A result versus 39.6% of patients with class B and 66.7% with class C result (log-rank
P
<0.001). The incidence of cardiac mortality was lower in class A patients than in those with class B and class C (8.4% versus 18.5% versus 22%, respectively; log-rank
P
=0.002). On the basis of multivariate analysis, postprocedural inducibility of index VT was independently associated both with VT recurrence (hazard ratio, 4.030;
P
<0.001) and with cardiac mortality (hazard ratio, 2.099;
P
=0.04).

Conclusions—
Within a dedicated VT unit, catheter ablation prevents long-term VT recurrences, which may favorably affect survival in a large number of patients who have VT.
Effects of a worksite weight-control programme in obese male workers: A randomized controlled crossover trial
Authors: Iriyama Yae , Murayama Nobuko 
Published: February 2013

Objective: We conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial to evaluate the effects of a new worksite weight-control programme designed for men with or at risk of obesity using a combination of nutrition education and nutrition environmental interventions. Subjects and methods: Male workers with or at risk of obesity were recruited for this study at five worksites in Niigata City, Japan, of whom 57 were analysed (intervention group, n = 28, mean age 45.5 years; control group, n = 29, 46.0 years). The intervention group received a six-month programme consisting of nutrition education and the provision of healthy cafeteria meals along with nutritional information, which was thereafter repeated in the control group in a crossover design. At six months and one year after programme entry, primary outcome measures including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, and blood biochemistry were evaluated. Results: At the one-year follow-up, the intervention group had significantly greater reductions in BW, BMI, and alanine aminotransferase than the control group ( p = 0.017, p = 0.017, and p = 0.860, respectively). Conclusion: The effects of the six-month weight-control programme incorporating nutrition education and nutrition environmental interventions were maintained to the one-year follow-up, resulting in significant differences in relevant parameters between intervention and control groups.
Do the duration and frequency of physical education predict academic achievement, self-concept, social skills, food consumption, and body mass index?
Authors: Simms Kathryn , Bock Sara , Hackett Lewis 
Published: February 2013

Objective: Prior research on the efficacy of physical education has been conducted in a piecemeal fashion. More specifically, studies typically test a single benefit hypothesized to be associated with physical education (e.g. body mass index [BMI]) while excluding others (e.g. social skills) and not controlling for important confounds (e.g. diet). Such research designs have precluded a comprehensive evaluation of physical education, and may also help explain mixed findings reported in the literature. The purpose of this study, then, was to re-evaluate the efficacy of participation in physical education through a more robust model that considers BMI, academic achievement, self-concept, and social skills while controlling for poor diet and out-of-school activities (i.e. television viewing, sleep, and general activity levels). Design, Setting, and Method: Structural equation modelling (SEM) was conducted on data derived from a sample of 10,210 fifth graders in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study. Results: Nationwide, 68% of fifth graders participated in physical education one or two days per week. Physical education was positively associated with academic achievement (effect size = .10), and negatively associated with both low self-concept (effect size = .06) and less healthy food choices (i.e. sugar-sweetened beverages, potatoes, and fast food; effect size = .11). However, participation in physical education was not associated with BMI or teacher-reported social skills. Conclusion:  Even at the low ‘dosages’ reported, physical education is associated with improved mental health, dietary choices, and academic achievement.
Wasted potential: The role of higher education institutions in supporting safe, sensible and social drinking among students
Authors: Orme Judy , Coghill Nikki 
Published: February 2013

Setting: The United Kingdom (UK) government has acknowledged that there is a problem with excess alcohol consumption, in particular amongst young people. Higher education is an important health promotion setting in which to explore not only how sensible drinking patterns can be facilitated and embedded in students’ current lifestyles but also how students, as future citizens, can inform policies which, in turn, will impact on future populations. Objective: This study aimed to explore and disseminate current practice relating to the promotion of sensible drinking amongst students attending higher education institutions (HEIs) in the south west of England. Along with the identification of examples of current practice, the study aimed to identify current issues and concerns relating to alcohol consumption amongst students. Method: Survey data from HEIs across the south west of England were gathered using questionnaires to key respondents in each institution. To further investigate what information on sensible drinking is available for students, an electronic search was made of each of the HEI’s websites for relevant materials, initiatives and policies. Results: The HEIs involved in this study used a wide range of approaches and initiatives related to sensible drinking amongst their students. All of these contribute towards encouraging a culture of safer and more sensible drinking-related behaviour amongst students, and towards an emerging body of good practice. Conclusion: With the backdrop of the government’s alcohol strategy, and the evidence linking excessive alcohol consumption to less productive student learning, recommendations are made to enhance this work in a more coordinated and sustainable way.
Cost analysis of chronic disease self-management programmes being delivered in South Florida
Authors: Page Timothy F , Palmer Richard C 
Published: February 2013

Background: Chronic disease accounts for the majority of healthcare costs. The Chronic Disease Self-Management Programme (CDSMP) has been shown to be effective in reducing the burden of chronic disease. Objectives: The objective of this study was to measure the cost of delivering the Chronic Disease Self-Management Programme (CDSMP) in order to determine whether it has the potential to produce a net cost saving among elderly residents of South Florida. Methods: Cost data were collected from four agencies participating in the delivery of CDSMP workshops in South Florida. Information on healthcare cost savings were obtained from the literature and updated to current dollars. Questionnaires were emailed to programme coordinators from agencies participating in the delivery of CDSMP workshops. Questionnaires were returned via email. Costs were computed from the perspective of the participating agencies. Results: Costs for implementation per programme participant were US$204. These average costs are below the US$1,381 healthcare cost reductions documented in the literature during the first year following programme participation. Conclusion: Results suggest the potential effectiveness of CDSMP in reducing healthcare costs among elderly residents of South Florida. This has implications for the further dissemination and sustainability of evidence-based programmes for seniors. An evaluation of outcomes among the South Florida population is needed.
Breast self-examination beliefs and practices, ethnicity, and health literacy: Implications for health education to reduce disparities
Authors: Armin Julie , Torres Cristina Huebner , Vivian James , Vergara Cunegundo , Shaw Susan J 
Published: February 2013

Objective: This study aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively examine breast cancer screening practices, including breast self-examination (BSE), and health literacy among patients with chronic disease. Design: A prospective, multi-method study conducted with a targeted purposive sample of 297 patients with diabetes and/or hypertension from four ethnic groups (Latino, Vietnamese, African American, White-American) at an urban community health center. Setting: A federally qualified health center in Western Massachusetts. Methods: In our four-year study, 297 participants completed cancer knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and screening utilization scales and measures of health literacy. In addition to survey data collection, we conducted in-depth interviews, focus groups, home visits, and chronic disease diaries ( n = 71). Results: In focus groups, African American, Vietnamese and Latina participants offered interviewers an unprompted demonstration of BSE, reported regular BSE use at particular times of the month, and shared positive feelings about the screening method. In a sample where approximately 93% of women have had a mammogram, many also had performed BSE (85.2%). Women with adequate health literacy were more likely than those with inadequate health literacy to rely on it. Despite being positively inclined toward BSE, Vietnamese women, who had the lowest health literacy scores in our sample, were less likely to perform BSE regularly. Conclusions: BSE seemed to be an appealing self-care practice for many women in our study, but we conclude that proper BSE practices may not be reinforced equally across ethnic groups and among patients with low health literacy.
‘What do these words mean?’: A qualitative approach to explore oral health literacy in Vietnamese immigrant mothers in Australia
Authors: Arora Amit , Nguyen Deon , Do Quang Vinh , Nguyen Bao , Hilton Glen , Do Loc Giang , Bhole Sameer 
Published: February 2013

Objective: This study, nested within a large cohort study, sought to explore how well Vietnamese mothers with pre-school children understood the dental health education material commonly available in New South Wales, Australia. Design: Qualitative research. Setting: Home-based interviews. Method: Vietnamese-speaking mothers ( n = 24) with young children were provided with two dental leaflets which gave advice on health behaviours in English and Vietnamese for comparison. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic coding. Results: Mothers generally reported that the English leaflets were difficult to read due to their lower levels of English literacy skills. Although the mothers preferred leaflets in their native language, they noted that it did not completely reflect the Vietnamese culture. Mothers recommended pictorial presentations for immigrants to improve understanding. Conclusions: The consistency of our findings suggest that health education leaflets should be provided to parents in their first language with use of illustrations to improve understanding, and that producers of health education leaflets should consider cultural differences in translation.