bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antinociceptive interaction of (±)-CPP and propentofylline in monoarthritic rats
Authors: Morales Francisco , Constandil Luis , Pelissier Teresa , Hernández Alejandro , Laurido Claudio 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Multiple studies have shown that glial cells of the spinal cord, such as astrocytes and microglia, have close contact with neurons, suggesting the term tripartite synapse. In these synapses, astrocytes surrounding neurons contribute to neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission, thereby increasing nociception and thus the persistence of chronic pain. Conversely, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is crucial in the generation and maintenance of chronic pain. It has multiple sites of modulation. One is the site of recognition of extracellular neurotransmitter (glutamate), which can be blocked by competitive antagonists such as (3-(2-carboxipiperazin-4)1-propyl phosphonic acid), (±)-CPP, resulting in a blockade of the calcium current and thus the intracellular transduction process. In the present study, we investigated whether the potential antinociceptive effect of glial inhibition produced by propentofylline (PPF) can be enhanced when combined with an NMDA-receptor inhibitor such as (±)-CPP.

Methods
We used Sprague-Dawley monoarthritic rats. The monoarthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund adjuvant in the right tibiotarsal joint. Four weeks later, rats were treated with PPF (1, 10, 30, and 100 μg/10 μl) intrathecally (i.t.) for 10 days, injected once with (±)-CPP (2.5, 5, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/10 μl, i.t.), or both treatments combined. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated on day 11 for PPF and immediately to (±)-CPP, by assessing the vocalization threshold to mechanical stimulation of the arthritic paw.

Results
The data indicate that intrathecal administration of increasing concentrations of (±)-CPP or PPF produced a significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect with respect to monoarthritic rats receiving saline. The linear regression analysis showed that the dose that produces 30% of maximal effect (ED30) for i.t. (±)-CPP was 3.97 μg, and 1.42 μg for i.t. PPF. The administration of the PPF and (±)-CPP combination in fixed proportions of ED30 produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect, showing an interaction of the supraadditive type.

Conclusions
The results suggest that glia inhibitors can synergically potentiate the effect of glutamate blockers for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.
Frontal information flow and connectivity in
psychopathy
Authors: Yang Yaling , Raine Adrian , Joshi Anand A. , Joshi Shantanu , Chang Yu-Teng , Schug Robert A. , Wheland David , Leahy Richard , Narr Katherine L. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryDespite accumulating evidence of structural deficits in individuals with
psychopathy, especially in frontal regions, our understanding of
systems-level disturbances in cortical networks remains limited. We applied
novel graph theory-based methods to assess information flow and connectivity
based on cortical thickness measures in 55 individuals with psychopathy and
47 normal controls. Compared with controls, the psychopathy group showed
significantly altered interregional connectivity patterns. Furthermore,
bilateral superior frontal cortices in the frontal network were identified
as information flow control hubs in the psychopathy group in contrast to
bilateral inferior frontal and medial orbitofrontal cortices as network hubs
of the controls. Frontal information flow and connectivity may have a
significant role in the neuropathology of psychopathy.
Loss of MMP-2 in osteoblasts upregulates osteopontin and bone sialoprotein expression in a circuit regulating bone homeostasis
Authors: Mosig Rebecca A. , Martignetti John A. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryMulticentric osteolysis with arthropathy (MOA; MIM 605156) is an inherited osteolyses/arthritis syndrome resulting from loss of MMP-2. We recently demonstrated that Mmp2-/- mice represent a unique model for the study of the human disease, sharing many features of the human syndrome including skeletal dysplasia and defects in osteoblast behavior. We therefore sought to explore, secondary molecular effects of MMP-2 loss which coexist with the underlying skeletal and osteoblast phenotypes. We used quantitative real-time PCR to measure osteoblast-related gene expression through ex vivo osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from Mmp2-/- and Mmp2+/+ mice. We used western blot to measure OPN serum levels and immunohistochemical staining to examine bone expression. MMP-2 expression was inhibited in SaOS2 cells using siRNA and decreased MMP-2 RNA and protein expression was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Mmp2-/- BMSC induced to differentiate into osteoblasts were shown to significantly upregulate OPN and BSP expression levels when compared to controls. Transcriptional upregulation is maintained in vivo as demonstrated by increased levels of OPN in serum and bone in Mmp2-/- mice. Finally, these effects are generalizable since siRNA-mediated inhibition in cultured cells also upregulates OPN and BSP. OPN and BSP were known to affect MMP-2 expression and activity but had not previously been shown to be regulated by MMP-2. Identification of this novel circuitry provides insight into the potential molecular landscape underlying the MOA phenotype and highlights a pathway that may play a role in normal bone homeostasis.
Creation and preliminary characterization of a Tp53 knockout rat
Authors: McCoy Aaron , Besch-Williford Cynthia L. , Franklin Craig L. , Weinstein Edward J. , Cui Xiaoxia 
Published: August 2012

Summary
The tumor suppressor TP53 plays a crucial role in cancer biology, and the TP53 gene is the most mutated gene in human cancer. Trp53 knockout mouse models have been widely used in cancer etiology studies and in search for a cure of cancer with some limitations that other model organisms might help overcome. Via pronuclear microinjection of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), we created a Tp53 knockout rat that contains an 11 bp deletion in exon 3, resulting in a frameshift and premature terminations in the open reading frame. In cohorts of 25 homozygous (Tp53Δ11/Δ11), 37 heterozygous (Tp53Δ11/+) and 30 wild type rats, the Tp53Δ11/Δ11 rats had an average life span of 126 daysbefore death or removal from study for clinical signs of abnormality or formation of tumors. Half of Tp53Δ11/+ were removed from study by one year of age because of tumor formation. Both Tp53Δ11/+ and Tp53Δ11/Δ11 rats developed a wide spectrum of tumors, most commonly sarcomas. Interestingly, there was a strikingly high incidence of brain lesions, especially in Tp53Δ11/Δ11 animals. We believe this mutant rat line will be useful in studying cancer types rarely observed in mice and in carcinogenicity assays for drug development.
Zebrafish glafenine-intestinal injury is ameliorated by mu-opioid signaling via enhancement of Atf6-dependent cellular stress responses
Authors: Goldsmith Jason R. , Cocchiaro Jordan L. , Rawls John F. , Jobin Christian 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBeside their analgesic properties, opiates exert beneficial effects on the intestinal wound healing response. In this study, we investigated the role of mu-opioid receptor (MOR) signaling on the unfolded protein response (UPR) using a novel zebrafish model of NSAID-induced intestinal injury. The NSAID glafenine was administered to 5 days-post-fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae for up to 24h in the presence or absence of the MOR-specific agonist DALDA. By analysis with histology, transmission electron microscopy, and vital dye staining, glafenine-treated zebrafish showed evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress with disrupted intestinal architecture and halted cell stress responses, alongside accumulation of apoptotic intestinal epithelial cells in the lumen. While the early UPR marker BiP was induced with glafenine-injury, downstream atf6 and s-xbp1 expression were paradoxically not increased, explaining the halted cell stress responses. The mu-opioid agonist DALDA protected against glafenine-induced injury through induction of atf6-dependent UPR. Our findings show that DALDA prevents glafenine-induced epithelial damage through induction of effective UPR.
Adsorption State of Carbon Monoxide on a Structured Copper-based Catalyst Prepared by Electroless Plating for Low-temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Fukuhara Choji , Yamada Tomohiro , Ohkura Hiromichi , Watanabe Ryo 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
In the low-temperature water–gas shift reaction, the effect of the catalyst pretreatment conditions on the adsorption state of CO was investigated on a structured copper-based catalyst, which was prepared by electroless plating. The amount of CO adsorbed on the catalyst was higher due to the oxidation pretreatment than that by the reduction treatment. The CO adsorbed on the oxidized catalyst formed many carbonate and carboxylate species, which have a slightly weak adsorption. Such an adsorption state would enhance shift performance.
Photochemical Preparation of Methyl-terminated Si(111) Surface Using a Grignard Reagent
Authors: Herrera Marvin U , Ichii Takashi , Murase Kuniaki , Sugimura Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Methyl-terminated Si(111) surface was successfully fabricated using a photochemical grafting technique. This methylated surface was formed by illuminating visible light onto a hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface that was immersed in a Grignard–tetrahydrofuran solution. It had an oxide-inhibiting property and atomically flat surface. In addition, the water contact angle improved with grafting parameters such as illumination time and light intensity and went as high as (89.0 ± 0.80)°. This improvement was associated with the increase in the fraction of the silicon surface grafted with methyl groups.
Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Moment Resisting Frames considering Vertical Component of Ground Motion
Authors: Asgarian Behrouz , Norouzi Anahita , Alanjari Pejman , Mirtaheri Masoud 
Published: August 2012

The design of structures to withstand seismic loading is primarily governed by horizontal ground motion, and the effects of vertical ground motion have long been deemed unimportant or secondary. However, an emerging body of evidence suggests that vertical ground motions have great destructive potential, especially for certain site conditions. Using nonlinear dynamic analyses, the seismic performance of frames is evaluated by simultaneously applying the horizontal and vertical components of earthquake motion. Three special moment frames are subjected to 15 recorded near-field earthquake motions and the results of the analyses are used for performance evaluations, based on FEMA 350 guideline. It is found that, within the elastic range of response, considering the vertical component of ground motion, does not alter the dynamic structural response significantly, however, some tangible differences emerge in nonlinear range of response once the horizontal component of ground motion is accompanied by the vertical component.
Brazilian laboratory indicators program
Authors: Shcolnik Wilson , de Oliveira Carla Albuquerque , de São José Adriana Sá , de Oliveira Galoro César Alex , Plebani Mario , Burnett David 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background: This paper describes the evolution, structure, operation and some outcomes of the Brazilian Laboratory Indicators Program created by the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology/Laboratory Medicine (Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, or SBPC/ML), in partnership with ControlLab, a Brazilian Company that provides services for proficiency testing, internal control, calibration, and training indicators for clinical laboratories.

Methods: This web-based program is confidential for all participants. It contains 61 indicators categorized into three groups. Program operation and data analysis methods are described and indicators are reported in box plot format, with grouping varying in accordance with the profiles of the participating laboratories. Three indicators were selected as examples of program effectiveness in 2011: hemolysis, blood re-collection and productivity.

Results: Participants profile, examples of three indicators for the year 2011 (hemolysis, blood re-collection and productivity) and exploratory research conducted in 2012 on the implementation of the program are presented. Data related to laboratories participating in the program from 2006 to 2011 were collected and graphically represented.

Conclusions: The Brazilian Laboratory Indicators Program brings important benefits for participants, contributing to the improvement of existing health systems in Brazil.
BSDE and generalized Dirichlet forms: The infinite dimensional case
Authors: Zhu Rong-Chan 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
We consider the following
quasi-linear parabolic system of backward partial differential equations on a Banach space E:
(∂
t
+ L)u + f(·,·,u, A
1/2∇ u) = 0 on [0,T] × E, uT
= φ,
where L is a possibly degenerate second-order differential operator with merely measurable coefficients. We solve this system in the framework of generalized Dirichlet forms and employ the stochastic calculus
associated to the Markov process with generator L to obtain a probabilistic representation of the solution u by solving the corresponding backward stochastic differential equation.
The solution satisfies the corresponding mild equation which is equivalent to being a generalized solution to the PDE. A further main result is the generalization of the martingale representation theorem in infinite dimension using the stochastic calculus associated to the generalized Dirichlet form given by L. The non-linear term f satisfies a monotonicity condition with respect to u and a Lipschitz condition with respect to ∇u.
Alternative experimental method to evaluate moment-carrying capacity of traditional wood-to-wood joint with small scale experiment
Authors: Pang Sung-Jun , Oh Jung-Kwon , Lee Jun-Jae 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
The effect of scale ratio was investigated on a traditional dovetail post-beam joint with dimensional analysis. The dimensionless parameters for moment (M) are modulus of elasticity (E) and length (L), and the moment of a small-scale model is equal to the value calculated by dividing the moment of a full-scale structure by the cubed ratio. The theoretical results of moment resistance were checked among dovetail post-beam joints of different sizes. The average maximum and yield moment resistance increased as the scale ratio increased. However, when both moment values were divided by the cube of the scale ratio, the values were similar among the different scale ratio joints. This result shows that the moment resistance was satisfied with the dimensional analysis within the tested scale ratio and it would be possible to predict the structural characteristics by testing specimens with other scales.
Prolactinomas resistant to standard doses of cabergoline: a multicenter study of 92 patients
Authors: Vroonen Laurent , Jaffrain-Rea Marie-Lise , Petrossians Patrick , Tamagno Gianluca , Chanson Philippe , Vilar Lucio , Borson-Chazot Françoise , Naves Luciana A , Brue Thierry , Gatta Blandine , Delemer Brigitte , Ciccarelli Enrica , Beck-Peccoz Paolo , Caron Philippe , Daly Adrian F , Beckers Albert 
Published: August 2012

Background
Dopamine agonist resistance in prolactinoma is an infrequent phenomenon. Doses of cabergoline (CAB) of up to 2.0 mg/week are usually effective in controlling prolactin (PRL) secretion and reducing tumor size in prolactinomas. The clinical presentation, management, and outcome of patients that are not well controlled by such commonly used doses of CAB-resistant patients are poorly understood.

Design and methods
A multicenter retrospective study was designed to collect a large series of resistant prolactinoma patients, defined by uncontrolled hyperprolactinemia on CAB ≥2.0 mg weekly.

Results
Ninety-two patients (50 F, 42 M) were analyzed. At diagnosis, most had macroprolactinomas (82.6%); males were significantly older than females (P=0.0003) and presented with a more aggressive disease. A genetic basis was identified in 12 patients. Thirty-six patients (39.1%) received only medical therapy, most underwent surgery (60.9%, including multiple interventions in 10.9%), and 14.1% received postoperative radiotherapy. Eight patients developed late CAB resistance (8.7%). The median maximal weekly dose of CAB (CABmax/w) was 3.5 mg (2.0–10.5). Despite a higher CABmax/w in patients treated with multimodal therapy (P=0.003 vs exclusive pharmacological treatment), a debulking effect of surgery was shown in 14 patients, with a higher rate of PRL control (P=0.006) and a significant reduction in CABmax/w (P=0.001) postoperatively. At last follow-up (median 88 months), PRL normalization and tumor disappearance were achieved in 28 and 19.9% of the patients respectively, with no significant sex-related difference observed in CABmax/w or disease control. Mortality was 4.8%, with four patients developing aggressive tumors (4.3%) and three a pituitary carcinoma (3.3%).

Conclusion
CAB-resistant prolactinomas remain a serious concern. Surgical debulking, newer therapeutic strategies, and early diagnosis of genetic forms could help to improve their outcome.
Differences in the Therapeutic Approach to Colorectal Cancer in Young and Elderly Patients
Authors: Serra-Rexach José A. , Jimenez Ana B. , García-Alhambra María A. , Pla Rosa , Vidán Maite , Rodríguez Paz , Ortiz Javier , García-Alfonso Pilar , Martín Miguel 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Use patient age as only one consideration, along with tumor status and comorbidities, in deciding on treatment strategies for elderly colorectal cancer patients.Obtain and apply information regarding the medical, functional, mental, and social status of colorectal cancer elderly patients in order to make appropriate therapeutic decisions.
CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Purpose.
To analyze differences in the therapeutic approach to and tumor-related mortality of young and elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Patients and Methods.
This was a descriptive study of a retrospective cohort, based on administrative databases, of all patients with CRC diagnosed or treated in our institution. We extracted data on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, type of cancer, type of treatment received, survival time, and cause of death. We compared differences between a young group (YG) (age &lt;75 years) and an older group (OG) (age ≥75 years) and assessed the variables associated with receiving different therapeutic options (multivariate analysis) and with survival time (Cox proportional hazards models).

Results.
The study included 503 patients (YG, 320; OG, 183), with mean ages of 63.1 years in the YG and 81.8 years in the OG. No differences were observed between the groups in degree of differentiation, extension, tumor stage, or comorbidity. After adjustment for gender, comorbidity, and tumor localization and extension, YG patients were more likely than OG patients to receive surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and less likely to receive palliative care. After a median follow-up of 36.5 months, YG patients had a longer tumor-specific survival time than OG patients (36.41 months vs 26.05 months). After further adjustment, the YG had a lower tumor-specific mortality risk (hazard ratio, 0.66) than the OG.

Conclusion.
In comparison with younger patients, elderly CRC patients are undertreated, mainly because of their age and not because of their tumor type or comorbidity. Elderly patients have a significantly shorter tumor-specific survival time, partially because of this undertreatment.
rgpA DNA Vaccine Induces Antibody Response and Prevents Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Fan Xin , Wang Zhifeng , Ji Ping , Bian Yuanyuan , Lan Jing 
Published: August 2012

Background: Peri‐implantitis is one of many reasons for dental implant failure. This study is designed to prevent experimental peri‐implantitis by arginine‐specific gingipain A (rgpA) DNA vaccine.Methods: The bilateral mandibular second and third premolars from 15 male beagle dogs were extracted, and 60 implants were immediately implanted. Three months after implantation, the animals were randomly divided into groups A, B, and C and immunized with plasmid vector–rgpA, heat‐killed Porphyromonas gingivalis, and plasmid vector, respectively. Cotton ligatures infiltrated with P. gingivalis were placed in the submarginal position around the neck of the implants to induce peri‐implantitis. Clinical measurements, including probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing, were recorded every 2 weeks postoperatively, and P. gingivalis–specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva were quantitatively analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the same time. Animals were sacrificed after 6 weeks, 50‐μm undecalcified histologic sections were prepared using methylene blue dye, and bone loss around implants was measured.Results: Higher levels of IgG in serum and sIgA in saliva could be measured in groups A and B but not in group C after immunization. There were statistical differences (P <0.05) between, before, and after immunization, but no difference was found between groups A and B (P >0.05). Both peri‐implant PD and bone loss in group A were significantly less than in groups B and C.Conclusions: IgG and sIgA could be generated by immunization with rgpA DNA vaccine, which could significantly slow down bone loss in the experimental peri‐implantitis canine model.
Obstetric Nephrology
Authors: Mathiesen Elisabeth R. , Ringholm Lene , Feldt-Rasmussen Bo , Clausen Peter , Damm Peter 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThis review highlights factors of importance for the clinical care of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes and microalbuminuria or diabetic nephropathy with particular focus on the role of intensive antihypertensive treatment during pregnancy. Most information in the literature comes from women with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, but this is probably also valid for women with type 2 diabetes. Careful counseling of women with diabetic nephropathy before pregnancy with estimation of the risk for the mother and fetus is important. Pregnancy does not result in worsening of kidney function in women with diabetic nephropathy and normal serum creatinine, but pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia and preterm delivery are common. Intensive metabolic control before and during pregnancy, low-dose aspirin from 12 gestational weeks onward, and intensive antihypertensive treatment are important. Methyldopa, labetalol, and nifedipine are regarded safe in pregnancy, whereas angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, AngII antagonists, or statins should be paused before pregnancy. Case series and pathophysiological studies support the use of a stringent goal for BP and albumin excretion in pregnant women with diabetic nephropathy. Screening for diabetic retinopathy before and during pregnancy is mandatory and laser treatment should be performed if indicated. Pregnancy outcome in women with diabetic nephropathy has improved considerably with a take-home-baby rate of approximately 95%. Further research on the benefits and risks of intensive antihypertensive treatment in this population is needed.