bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive measurements to evaluate the effects of military training on the human autonomic nervous system
Authors: Chen Ji-Hong , Zhang Qian , Liu Xin , Li Zhixin , Zhang Cuizhen , Li Kongling , Paul Jonathan , Ouyang Jingming , Yu Yuanjie , Yu Baoping , Huizinga Jan D. , Chen Jiande D.Z. , Luo Hesheng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Chinese university freshmen receive 4-weeks military training that involved moderate to intense physical exercise. Studies have demonstrated heterogeneous effects of exercise on the autonomic nervous system.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of training on the autonomic nervous system noninvasively using electrogastrograms, heart rate variability (HRV), pulse rate, and the sympathetic skin response (SSR).
Methods: Twenty freshmen received all assessments in the fasting state and after a standard meal: (1) one week before the training, (2) at the end of the second week of the training, and (3) one week after the training.
Results: (1) The training had a significant effect on meal-induced gastric pacemaker activity. Before the training, a standard meal did not increase the dominant frequency of gastric slow waves, but the frequency increased during and after the training; (2) The preprandial high frequency (HF), low frequency (LF), and very low frequency (VLF) components of heart rate variability decreased significantly after the training. The ratio of the LF and HF (LF/HF) of the heart rate variability (HRV) did not significantly change after a meal or training condition. The basal pulse rate did not change. The latencies of the sympathetic skin response (SSR), as measured in the arm muscle, increased in response to the training.
Conclusion: Military training affects meal-induced changes in gastric pacemaker activity, causes a marked reduction of the vagal tone to the heart with maintenance of the vagal-sympathetic balance, and its effects on SSR may reflect a reduction in sympathetic tone.
Rate of sentinel lymph node identification using isosulfan blue dye in breast cancer patients at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Thailand
Authors: Ratchaworapong Kampol , Thanawut Sarawut , Yodavudh Sirisanpang , Chottanapund Suthat 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: The sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a primary breast tumor. If the SLN contains no metastatic tumor, then it is unlikely other lymph nodes will contain breast cancer metastasis. When the SLN does contains metastasis, an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is recommended to further stage the axilla and to maintain locoregional control. SLNs can be identified by using a dye, radioisotope, or combined techniques.
Objective: To determine the rate of SLN identification using isosulfan blue dye in breast cancer patients at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital, Thailand, and factors that affect it.
Methods: This prospective study of 106 consecutive cases breast cancer enrolled 105 women (1 bilateral breast cancer case) between October 2011 and October 2013 at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital. Clinical and pathological features were analyzed for the effectiveness of SLN identification using isosulfan blue dye.
Results: The rate of SLN identification using isosulfan blue dye in breast cancer patients at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital was 92%. The method was safe and well tolerated in early-stage breast cancer patients.
Conclusion: The effectiveness of sentinel node identification using isosulfan blue dye in breast cancer patients at Charoenkrung Pracharak Hospital is consistent with that shown in studies from other countries.
Medication nonadherence in elderly patients in a Thai geriatric clinic
Authors: Muangpaisan Weerasak , Pisalsalakij Dujpratana , Intalapaporn Somboon , Chatthanawaree Wichai 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Medication nonadherence is common in elderly patients and is a major cause of morbidity. However, it is not well-described in the literature and to our knowledge has never been studied in Thais.
Objective: To investigate the extent, causes, and contributing factors of medication nonadherence in older patients in a geriatric clinic.
Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Siriraj Hospital, a university teaching hospital in Bangkok. We assessed baseline demographic data, comorbid diseases, Thai Mental State Examination (TMSE), functional status (basic and basic activities of daily living), type and number of medications used, and medication adherence.
Results: There were 153 participants in this study. Medication nonadherence, in the administration of prescribed drugs only, was found in 34% of the participants. Nonadherence to administration of prescribed drugs and to the advice regarding over-the-counter drugs was 42.5%. Nonadherence to the administration of prescribed drugs and to the advice regarding over-the-counter drugs, and herbal and dietary supplements was 54.9%. Three most common causes of medication nonadherence were misunderstanding or lack of the knowledge (25.6%), the development of adverse drug events (18.9%), and because of a suggestion by a friend or family member (16.2%).
Conclusion: Medication nonadherence is common in elderly Thais attending geriatric clinics. We recommend clinicians be aware of this problem and develop a system to improve medication adherence. The clarification of reasons for prescribing is crucial. We recommend emphasis on educating patients, family members, and the public about the risk of nonadherence and of using nonprescribed medications.
Adipokines, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and necroinflammation in patients with chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Treeprasertsuk Sombat , Komolmit Piyawat , Tanyaowalak Wiriya 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Hypoadiponectinemia and hyperleptinemia, and reductions in the ratio of adiponectin to leptin (A/L ratio) are associated with the development of hepatic necroinflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver, but the association of the adipokines with hepatic steatosis in chronic viral hepatitis is unclear.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum A/L ratio, insulin resistance, degree of hepatic steatosis, and necroinflammation in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.
Methods: We measured serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels, insulin resistance, and analyzed the association between liver histopathology and the level of the adipokines in 44 patients with chronic viral hepatitis before they started treatment.
Results: We found that insulin resistance, leptin, and resistin levels tended to increase in the group with a greater degree of hepatic steatosis and necroinflammation, but that the increase was not significant. The adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L ratio) in a group with a low degree of hepatic steatosis was significantly higher than it was in the group with a high degree of hepatic steatosis (3.1 ± 3.1 vs 1.2 ± 0.8; P = 0.008). The A/L ratio in a group with low histological activity index (HAI) scores was significantly higher than in the group with high HAI scores (3.7 ± 3.4 vs 1.1 ± 1.1; P = 0.006). Abdominal obesity was the only variable that showed a significant association with the HAI score (P = 0.03).
Conclusion: The serum A/L ratio in patients with chronic viral hepatitis showed a significant inverse association with their degree of hepatic steatosis and necroinflammation.
‘For Your Eyes Only’: How Museum Walltexts Communicate East and West. The Case of the Peggy Guggenheim Foundation
Authors: Stefania Maria Maci  
Published: August 2015

The artworks normally preserved in museums, both in permanent collections or in temporary exhibitions, can be accompanied by a particular type of scripts which specialists call extended labels or walltexts, i.e. brief descriptive and interpretative texts, meant to provide a context for the work of art, displayed for the visitors’ benefit. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the extent to which, if any, walltexts communicate different cultures to museum visitors, who are all tourists in a museum route. In particular, the aim of this contribution is to describe the way in which (1) the West is communicated to a Western audience and (2) the East is mediated to a Western audience. From the quantitative perspective the results of this study seem to indicate that there is a different way in which walltexts are elaborated when Western art and Asian art are presented to a Western audience: what is unknown to the Western audience has to be recreated in the short text of the extended label to allow the museum visitors to appreciate and understand the value of the artwork they are observing and at the same time to virtually touring Asian Art.
HIV sexual transmission risks in the context of clinical care: a prospective study of behavioural correlates of HIV suppression in a community sample, Atlanta, GA, USA
Authors: Kalichman Seth C , Cherry Chauncey , Kalichman Moira O , Washington Christopher , Grebler Tamar , Merely Cindy , Welles Brandi , Pellowski Jennifer , Kegler Christopher 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionAntiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the health of people living with HIV and has the potential to reduce HIV infectiousness, thereby preventing HIV transmission. However, the success of ART for HIV prevention hinges on sustained ART adherence and avoiding sexually transmitted infections (STI).ObjectivesTo determine the sexual behaviours and HIV transmission risks of individuals with suppressed and unsuppressed HIV replication (i.e., viral load).MethodsAssessed HIV sexual transmission risks among individuals with clinically determined suppressed and unsuppressed HIV. Participants were 760 men and 280 women living with HIV in Atlanta, GA, USA, who completed behavioural assessments, 28‐daily prospective sexual behaviour diaries, one‐month prospective unannounced pill counts for ART adherence, urine screening for illicit drug use and medical record chart abstraction for HIV viral load.ResultsIndividuals with unsuppressed HIV demonstrated a constellation of behavioural risks for transmitting HIV to uninfected sex partners that included symptoms of STI and substance use. In addition, 15% of participants with suppressed HIV had recent STI symptoms/diagnoses, indicating significant risks for sexual infectiousness despite their HIV suppression in blood plasma. Overall, 38% of participants were at risk for elevated sexual infectiousness and just as many engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse with non‐HIV‐infected partners.ConclusionsImplementation strategies for using HIV treatments as HIV prevention requires enhanced behavioural interventions that extend beyond ART to address substance use and sexual health that will otherwise undermine the potential preventive impact of early ART.
Hybrid [5]Radialenes with Bispyrroloheteroles: New Electron‐Donating Units
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBispyrroloheteroles have been synthesized to address their intrinsic structural, optical, and electrochemical properties. The X‐ray crystal structures and calculated natural bond orbital (NBO) bond orders unambiguously demonstrated the existence of a two pyrrole‐fused five‐membered ring with short exocyclic CC double bonds and long endocyclic CC single bonds, supporting that the bispyrroloheteroles are rare examples of structurally characterized hybrid [5]radialenes. The bispyrroloheteroles were found to act as an electron‐donating unit, which would be fascinating for the rational design of new charge‐transporting and donor–acceptor photovoltaic materials as well as versatile charge‐transfer complexes.
The Influence of the Chain Length of Polycations on their Complexation with Anionic Liposomes
Authors: Ivashkov Oleg V. , Sybachin Andrey V. , Efimova Anna A. , Pergushov Dmitry V. , Orlov Viktor N. , Schmalz Holger , Yaroslavov Alexander A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA series of strong polycations is synthesized through the anionic polymerization of 2‐vinylpyridine, followed by subsequent quaternization of the resulting polymer. Polycations based on quaternized 2‐vinylpyridine (PVPQs) with degrees of polymerization (DP) from 20 to 440 are adsorbed on the surface of small anionic liposomes. Liposome/PVPQ complexes are characterized by using a number of physicochemical methods. All PVPQs are totally adsorbed onto the liposome surface up to a certain concentration at which saturation is reached (which is specific for each PVPQ). The integrity of the adsorbed liposomes remains intact. Short PVPQs interact with anionic lipids localized on the outer membrane leaflet, whereas long PVPQs extract anionic lipids from the inner to outer leaflet. Complexes tend to aggregate, and the largest aggregates are formed when the initial charge of the liposomes is fully neutralized by the charge of the PVPQ. PVPQs with intermediate DPs demonstrate behavioral features of both short and long PVPQs. These results are important for the interpretation of the biological effects of cationic polymers and the selection of cationic polymers for biomedical applications.
Survival strategies late in life: living conditions of never-married elderly women in Gothenburg in the 1920s
Authors: HÖGMAN ANN-KRISTIN 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe growing percentage of never-married elderly people led to increasing demographic pressure on Swedish local communities in the beginning of the twentieth century. This article deals with never-married elderly women's income strategies when the idea of self-help dominated social policy. The study uses a prosopographical approach, based on micro-level data. The findings indicate that pooling income sources was of utmost importance for this vulnerable group of elderly women. Furthermore, as a consequence of this demographic change, there was an expansion of charitable organisations specifically aimed at elderly care.
Pericarp micromorphology and dehydration characteristics of Quercus suber L. acorns
Authors: Sobrino-Vesperinas Eduardo , Viviani Ana Belén 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the micromorphology of the cork-oak (Quercus suber) acorn and to evaluate the efficiency of the pericarp as a barrier to water loss. When the desiccation curve obtained at 25 ± 1°C and 62% RH for physiologically mature acorns collected from the tree was compared with that corresponding to fully ripe acorns which had been shed, the latter showed a slightly lower rate of water loss. A marked reduction in the mean rate of water loss was recorded for intact acorns compared with those from which the pericarp had been removed. The external surface and transverse sections of the pericarp from both mature and fully ripe acorns were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Two zones presenting morphological and micromorphological differences were identified: an area including the point of attachment to the cupule and an apical zone covering the embryo. The microstructure of the pericarp showed an external thick cuticle and a single external palisade layer of closely packed cells with no intercellular spaces. Underlying this layer, there was a further parenchymatous layer of poorly differentiated, roughly isodiametric cells. The pericarp in the cupular zone consisted of only this undifferentiated layer between the two epidermal cell layers and contained vascular bundles with many xylem elements.
When Injury Clouds Understanding of Others: Theory of Mind after Mild TBI in Preschool Children
Authors: Bellerose Jenny , Bernier Annie , Beaudoin Cindy , Gravel Jocelyn , Beauchamp Miriam H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is evidence to suggest that social skills, such as the ability to understand the perspective of others (theory of mind), may be affected by childhood traumatic brain injuries; however, studies to date have only considered moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to assess theory of mind after early, mild TBI (mTBI). Fifty-one children who sustained mTBI between 18 and 60 months were evaluated 6 months post-injury on emotion and desires reasoning and false-belief understanding tasks. Their results were compared to that of 50 typically developing children. The two groups did not differ on baseline characteristics, except for pre- and post-injury externalizing behavior. The mTBI group obtained poorer scores relative to controls on both the emotion and desires task and the false-belief understanding task, even after controlling for pre-injury externalizing behavior. No correlations were found between TBI injury characteristics and theory of mind. This is the first evidence that mTBI in preschool children is associated with theory of mind difficulties. Reduced perspective taking abilities could be linked with the social impairments that have been shown to arise following TBI. (JINS, 2015,21, 483–493)
Turning terminally differentiated skeletal muscle cells into regenerative progenitors
Authors: Wang Heng , Lööf Sara , Borg Paula , Nader Gustavo A. , Blau Helen M. , Simon András 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe ability to repeatedly regenerate limbs during the entire lifespan of an animal is restricted to certain salamander species among vertebrates. This ability involves dedifferentiation of post-mitotic cells into progenitors that in turn form new structures. A long-term enigma has been how injury leads to dedifferentiation. Here we show that skeletal muscle dedifferentiation during newt limb regeneration depends on a programmed cell death response by myofibres. We find that programmed cell death-induced muscle fragmentation produces a population of ‘undead’ intermediate cells, which have the capacity to resume proliferation and contribute to muscle regeneration. We demonstrate the derivation of proliferating progeny from differentiated, multinucleated muscle cells by first inducing and subsequently intercepting a programmed cell death response. We conclude that cell survival may be manifested by the production of a dedifferentiated cell with broader potential and that the diversion of a programmed cell death response is an instrument to achieve dedifferentiation.
Mto2 multisite phosphorylation inactivates non-spindle microtubule nucleation complexes during mitosis
Authors: Borek Weronika E. , Groocock Lynda M. , Samejima Itaru , Zou Juan , de Lima Alves Flavia , Rappsilber Juri , Sawin Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicrotubule nucleation is highly regulated during the eukaryotic cell cycle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. During mitosis in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, cytoplasmic microtubule nucleation ceases simultaneously with intranuclear mitotic spindle assembly. Cytoplasmic nucleation depends on the Mto1/2 complex, which binds and activates the γ-tubulin complex and also recruits the γ-tubulin complex to both centrosomal (spindle pole body) and non-centrosomal sites. Here we show that the Mto1/2 complex disassembles during mitosis, coincident with hyperphosphorylation of Mto2 protein. By mapping and mutating multiple Mto2 phosphorylation sites, we generate mto2-phosphomutant strains with enhanced Mto1/2 complex stability, interaction with the γ-tubulin complex and microtubule nucleation activity. A mutant with 24 phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine, mto2[24A], retains interphase-like behaviour even in mitotic cells. This provides a molecular-level understanding of how phosphorylation ‘switches off’ microtubule nucleation complexes during the cell cycle and, more broadly, illuminates mechanisms regulating non-centrosomal microtubule nucleation.
Effects of the interaction between TiO2 with different percentages of exposed {001} facets and Cu2+ on biotoxicity in Daphnia magna
Authors: Liu Lingling , Fan Wenhong , Lu Huiting , Xiao Wei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAnatase TiO2 nanosheets (NSs) with exposed {001} facets have been widely used because of their high activity and particular surface atomic configuration. However, investigations on their biotoxicity are rare. In this study, bioaccumulation of five different TiO2 (with 10%, 61%, 71%, 74% and 78% exposed {001} facets), as well as copper and enzyme activities in Daphnia magna, are systematically investigated and rationalized. The results indicated that the addition of Cu2+ enhanced agglomeration–sedimentation of TiO2, resulting in the reduction of TiO2 bioaccumulation by 10% to 26%. TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) increased copper bioaccumulation by 9.8%, whereas the other four TiO2 nanosheets (NSs) decreased it by 43% to 53%, which depended on TiO2 variant adsorption and free Cu2+ concentrations in the supernatant. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme and Na+/K+-ATPase activities suggested that oxidative stress, instead of membrane damage, was the main toxicity in D. magna. Meanwhile, the SOD enzyme activities increased with decreasing Cu accumulation and increasing Ti accumulation because of the different functions of Cu and Ti in organisms. This research highlighted the important role of the percentage of exposed {001} facets in nanostructured TiO2 on bioaccumulation and biotoxicity of TiO2 and Cu2+ in Daphnia magna.
Fertilization competence of the egg-coating envelope is regulated by direct interaction of dicalcin and gp41, the Xenopus laevis ZP3
Authors: Miwa Naofumi , Ogawa Motoyuki , Hanaue Mayu , Takamatsu Ken 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFertilization begins with species-restricted interaction of sperm and the egg-coating envelope, which includes a three-dimensional meshwork of filaments composed of glycoproteins (called ZP proteins). Growing evidence has unveiled the molecular nature of ZP proteins; however, the structural property conferring fertilization competence to the egg-coating envelope remains unknown. Here, we show the molecular mechanism that mediates direct interaction between dicalcin, a novel fertilization-suppressive ZP protein-associated protein and gp41, a Xenopus laevis ortholog of mammalian ZP3 and subsequently demonstrate the structural basis of the envelope for fertilization competence. The interactive regions between dicalcin and gp41 comprised five and nine amino acid residues within dicalcin and twenty-three within gp41. Synthetic peptides corresponding to these regions dramatically affected fertilization: treatment with dicalcin- or gp41-derived peptides decreased or increased fertilization rates, respectively. Prior application of these peptides caused distinct alterations in the in vivo lectin-staining pattern of the envelope as well. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the dicalcin-derived peptide induced the formation of a well-organized meshwork, whereas the gp41-derived peptide caused the formation of a significantly disorganized meshwork. These findings indicated that the fertilization competence of the egg-coating envelope is crucially regulated by the direct interaction between dicalcin and gp41.
Anomalous incident-angle and elliptical-polarization rotation of an elastically refracted P-wave
Authors: Fa Lin , Fa Yuxiao , Zhang Yandong , Ding Pengfei , Gong Jiamin , Li Guohui , Li Lijun , Tang Shaojie , Zhao Meishan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report a newly discovered anomalous incident-angle of an elastically refracted P-wave, arising from a P-wave impinging on an interface between two VTI media with strong anisotropy. This anomalous incident-angle is found to be located in the post-critical incident-angle region corresponding to a refracted P-wave. Invoking Snell’s law for a refracted P-wave provides two distinctive solutions before and after the anomalous incident-angle. For an inhomogeneously refracted and elliptically polarized P-wave at the anomalous incident-angle, its rotational direction experiences an acute variation, from left-hand elliptical to right-hand elliptical polarization. The new findings provide us an enhanced understanding of acoustical-wave scattering and lead potentially to widespread and novel applications.