bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Science of Human Interaction and Teaching
Authors: Yano Kazuo 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThere is a missing link between our understanding of teaching as high‐level social phenomenon and teaching as a physiological phenomenon of brain activity. We suggest that the science of human interaction is the missing link. Using over one‐million days of human‐behavior data, we have discovered that collective activeness (CA), which indicates the simple high‐frequency‐motion ratio of a group to total time, plays a fundamental role. Even solo‐work performance, such as telephone‐sales success rate, is more influenced by CA than by one's individual skill level, which has been the conventional target of employee efficiency education. CA is experimentally found to drive people collectively to challenge for greater performance and happiness through a synchronized proactive mind. This is, in fact, deeply related to understanding the question “What is teaching?”
Sensitivity of galactomannan enzyme immunoassay for diagnosing breakthrough invasive aspergillosis under antifungal prophylaxis and empirical therapy
Authors: Hoenigl Martin , Seeber Katharina , Koidl Christoph , Buzina Walter , Wölfler Albert , Duettmann Wiebke , Wagner Jasmin , Strenger Volker , Krause Robert 
Published: February 2013

SummaryData on diagnostic performance of Galactomannan (GM) testing in patients under mould‐active regimens are limited. Whether sensitivity of GM testing for diagnosing breakthrough invasive aspergillosis (IA) is decreased under antifungal prophylaxis/therapy remains therefore a point of discussion. We retrospectively analysed GM test results in patients who were admitted with underlying haematological malignancies to two Divisions of the Medical University Hospital of Graz, Austria, between 2009 and 2012. Only cases of probable and proven IA that were diagnosed by other methods than GM testing were included (time of diagnosis = day 0). We compared GM results of patients with/without therapy/prophylaxis for the period of 2 weeks prior (week −2) until 3 weeks postdiagnosis. A total of 76 GM test results in nine patients were identified. Six patients had received antifungal therapy/prophylaxis from week −2, whereas three patients were treated with therapy from the time of diagnosis at week 0. GM testing was positive in 45/76 (59%) of samples. Sensitivity of GM testing for detection of proven or probable IA at week −1 and 0 was 77% and 79% in patients with mould‐active regimens. We conclude that GM testing might be a useful diagnostic method for breakthrough IA in patients receiving mould‐active prophylaxis/therapy.
The hypersensitivity to colonic distension of IBS patients can be transferred to rats through their fecal microbiota
Authors: Crouzet L. , Gaultier E. , Del'Homme C. , Cartier C. , Delmas E. , Dapoigny M. , Fioramonti J. , Bernalier‐Donadille A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAlterations of intestinal microbiota and hypersensitivity to colonic distension are two features of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the role of intestinal microbiota in visceral hypersensitivity of IBS patients is far to be established. The aim of our study was to determine whether the intestinal microbiota is involved in the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS.MethodsThe painful response to colorectal distension and colonic mucosal parameters were assessed in gnotobiotic rats. Germfree (GF) rats were inoculated with the fecal microbiota from IBS patients characterized by hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (IBS HMA rats) or from non‐hypersensitive healthy volunteers (Healthy HMA rats). Conventional rats were studied as normosensitivity control. Fecal microbial analyses were carried out in human and HMA rats fecal samples using cultural and molecular approaches.Key ResultsThe microbial dysbiosis of the IBS gut microbiota (more sulfate‐reducing bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae and less bifidobacteria) could be maintained in gnotobiotic rats. The number of abdominal contractions in response to colorectal distensions was significantly higher in IBS HMA rats than in healthy HMA rats. No difference was observed between healthy HMA and conventional rats. Colorectal compliance, epithelial paracellular permeability, and density of colonic mucosal mast cells were similar in the three groups of rats.Conclusions & InferencesWe herein showed that sensitivity to colonic distension of IBS patients can be transferred to rats by the fecal microbiota. Mucosal alterations associated with microbiota transfer are not involved in this hypersensitivity. The altered IBS microbiota may have important role in the hypersensitivity characterizing IBS patients through specific bacterial metabolites.
ORFH79 impairs mitochondrial function via interaction with a subunit of electron transport chain complex III in Honglian cytoplasmic male sterile rice
Authors: Wang Kun , Gao Feng , Ji Yanxiao , Liu Ying , Dan Zhiwu , Yang Pingfang , Zhu Yingguo , Li Shaoqing 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) has attracted great interest because of its application in crop breeding. Despite increasing knowledge of CMS, not much is understood about its molecular mechanisms. Previously, orfH79 was cloned and identified as the CMS gene in Honglian rice, but how the ORFH79 protein causes pollen abortion is still unknown.

Through bacterial two‐hybrid library screening, P61, a subunit of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex III, was selected as a candidate that interacts with ORFH79. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and coimmunoprecipitation (coIP) assays verified their interaction inside mitochondria. Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN‐PAGE) and western blotting showed ORF79 and P61 colocalized in mitochondrial ETC complex III of CMS lines.

Compared with the maintainer line, Yuetai B (YB), a significant decrease of enzyme activity was detected in mitochondrial complex III of the CMS line, Yuetai A (YA), which resulted in decreased ATP concentrations and an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content.

We propose that the CMS protein, ORFH79, can bind to complex III and decrease its enzyme activity through interaction with P61. This defect results in energy production dysfunction and oxidative stress in mitochondria, which may work as retrograde signals that lead to abnormal pollen development.
Herbicide mixtures at high doses slow the evolution of resistance in experimentally evolving populations of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Lagator Mato , Vogwill Tom , Mead Andrew , Colegrave Nick , Neve Paul 
Published: February 2013

Summary

The widespread evolution of resistance to herbicides is a pressing issue in global agriculture. Evolutionary principles and practices are key to the management of this threat to global food security. The application of mixtures of herbicides has been advocated as an anti‐resistance strategy, without substantial empirical support for its validation.

We evolved experimentally populations of the unicellular green chlorophyte, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of single‐herbicide modes of action and to pair‐wise and three‐way mixtures between different herbicides at various total combined doses.

Herbicide mixtures were most effective when each component was applied at or close to its MIC. When doses were high, increasing the number of mixture components was also effective in reducing the evolution of resistance. Employing mixtures at low combined doses did not retard resistance evolution, even accelerating the evolution of resistance to some components. At low doses, increasing the number of herbicides in the mixture tended to select for more generalist resistance (cross‐resistance).

Our results reinforce findings from the antibiotic resistance literature and confirm that herbicide mixtures can be very effective for resistance management, but that mixtures should only be employed where the economic and environmental context permits the applications of high combined doses.
NFP, a LysM protein controlling Nod factor perception, also intervenes in Medicago truncatula resistance to pathogens
Authors: Rey Thomas , Nars Amaury , Bonhomme Maxime , Bottin Arnaud , Huguet Stéphanie , Balzergue Sandrine , Jardinaud Marie‐Françoise , Bono Jean‐Jacques , Cullimore Julie , Dumas Bernard , Gough Clare , Jacquet Christophe 
Published: February 2013

Summary

Plant LysM proteins control the perception of microbial‐derived N‐acetylglucosamine compounds for the establishment of symbiosis or activation of plant immunity. This raises questions about how plants, and notably legumes, can differentiate friends and foes using similar molecular actors and whether any receptors can intervene in both symbiosis and resistance.

To study this question, nfp and lyk3 LysM‐receptor like kinase mutants of Medicago truncatula that are affected in the early steps of nodulation, were analysed following inoculation with Aphanomyces euteiches, a root oomycete. The role of NFP in this interaction was further analysed by overexpression of NFP and by transcriptome analyses.

nfp, but not lyk3, mutants were significantly more susceptible than wildtype plants to A. euteiches, whereas NFP overexpression increased resistance. Transcriptome analyses on A. euteiches inoculation showed that mutation in the NFP gene led to significant changes in the expression of c. 500 genes, notably involved in cell dynamic processes previously associated with resistance to pathogen penetration. nfp mutants also showed an increased susceptibility to the fungus Colletotrichum trifolii.

These results demonstrate that NFP intervenes in M. truncatula immunity, suggesting an unsuspected role for NFP in the perception of pathogenic signals.
Exploration of the meaning of connectedness for older people in long‐term care in context of their quality of life: a review and commentary
Authors: Cooney Adeline , Dowling Maura , Gannon Mary E. , Dempsey Laura , Murphy Kathy 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundA link between ‘quality of life’ and ‘connectedness’ is emerging in the literature. However, there has been little debate on what ‘connectedness’ means and how it can be fostered in long‐term care settings. This review examines the meaning of ‘connectedness’ in long‐term care.AimThis paper critically examines the meaning of ‘connectedness’ in the context of its contribution to the quality of life of older people living in long‐term care settings.MethodKey databases (CINAHL, PsychInfo and Medline) were searched systematically. Fourteen papers and two book chapters met the inclusion criterion of papers exploring ‘connectedness for older people in residential care’.ConclusionsThe experience of connectedness for older people in long‐term care settings is linked with quality of life and successful ageing. Fundamental prerequisites of connectedness for older people are: self‐awareness, meaningful relationships with family and friends, involvement in meaningful activities and connections with wider society. However, barriers to these prerequisites are evident for many residents in long‐term care settings.Implications for practiceRegister and Herman (Advances in Nursing Science, 33, 2010, 53) identify six connections that combine to generate connectedness for older people. These connections are representative of the factors associated with increased quality of life for residents living in long‐term care settings. The six connections are helpful in identifying areas to focus on when planning person‐centred care.
A Prospective Study Comparing the Sensed R Wave in Bipolar and Extended Bipolar Configurations: The PropR Study
Authors: TOLAT ANEESH V. , WOICIECHOWSKI MELISSA , KAHR ROSEMARIE , DELL'ORFANO JOSEPH , BERNS ELLISON , BERNSTEIN BRUCE , LIPPMAN NEAL 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundProgress in implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) technology has allowed for switching the sensing polarity for the detection of ventricular fibrillation (VF). However, whether one sensing polarity confers additional advantage over the other is not known.ObjectivesTo determine whether one sensing polarity is superior to the other for the detection of VF.MethodsPatients were enrolled into a prospective randomized study of sensing of VF and R waves in normal rhythm. Sensing of VF was determined by number of under sensed beats (USB), and time to detection of VF (TDVF). Each patient underwent ICD implantation followed by testing of the ICD. At each induction, patients were randomized to sensing in extended bipolar (EBP) or true bipolar (TBP) configuration. Additionally, R waves were compared at implant and at 1‐month follow‐up.ResultsA total of 50 patients were enrolled into the study. When evaluating the primary endpoint, no difference was found between USB in EBP or TBP configuration; 1.1 ± 1.2 beats versus 1.3 ± 1.3 beats; P = NS. Also, no difference was found between TDVF in EBP or TBP configurations; 5.9 ± 0.6 seconds versus 5.9 ± 0.6 seconds; P = NS. With regard to the secondary endpoints, there was no difference between R waves in EBP or TBP configurations at the time of implant 10.9 ± 4.8 mV versus 10.9 ± 4.8 mV P = NS; or at 1‐month follow‐up 12.4 ± 4.7 mV versus 12.0 ± 5.4 mV P = NS.ConclusionsThere is no difference in the detection of VF between EBP or TBP configurations in patients undergoing ICD implantation.
Cryoablation of AVNRT When Sustained Tachycardia Cannot be Induced
Authors: SUNTHAROS PATCHARAPONG , BLAUFOX ANDREW D. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundInducibility of sustained tachycardia is preferred prior to cryoablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT).MethodThe Pediatric Electrophysiology Database of a single institution was retrospectively reviewed for patients with clinical sustained (≥30 seconds of symptoms) AVNRT documented by noninvasive means who underwent cryoablation for AVNRT to determine if intermediate‐term success with cryoablation for AVNRT can be achieved without inducibility of sustained AVNRT during electrophysiology study (EPS).ResultsThere were no differences between patients with sustained (≥30 seconds of tachycardia) AVNRT (N = 67) and patients with nonsustained (ns, ≥3 beats and <30 seconds of tachycardia) AVNRT at EPS (N = 16). Acute success was achieved without PR prolongation in all patients. Although duration of follow‐up was shorter for the sustained group than the nonsustained group (2.7 ± 1.6 years vs 3.8 ± 1.4 years, P = 0.008), recurrence rate was similar (6% vs 6.3%, P = 0.6). In patients with only nonsustained AVNRT at EPS, supportive findings for procedural effectiveness seen: (1) Dual atrioventricular node physiology (DAVNP) was eliminated in 14/14, (2) the fast pathway effective refractory period (FPERP) decreased after ablation in 10/11, (3) sustained slow pathway conduction was eliminated in 8/8 including both patients without discrete DAVNP prior to ablation, and (4) FPERP increased during lesion formation in 10/10.ConclusionIntermediate‐term success can be achieved with cryoablation of ns AVNRT. Attention should be paid to supportive indicators of damage to slow pathway.
Adverse Psychological Effects and Costs Associated with Waiting for Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: BARCLAY JUSTIN L. , GIBSON PATRICK H. , LEWIS ADELE , WILSON CLARE , AFFOLTER JONATHAN T. , PATEL JITENDRA C. , SCOTT NEIL W. , ALEXANDER DAVID A. , CHOY ANNA MARIA , BROADHURST PAUL A. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is undertaken as a potentially curative treatment for a variety of heart rhythm disturbances. Previous studies have demonstrated improved quality of life and reduced symptoms after ablation. In many health care environments waiting lists exist for scheduling of procedures. However, the psychological effects of waiting for radiofrequency ablation have not previously been assessed. We hypothesized that waiting for this intervention may be associated with increased psychological morbidity and health care costs.MethodsNinety‐two patients scheduled for elective RFA completed repeated questionnaires comprising the Medical Outcomes Short Form 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and an in‐house questionnaire designed to assess the burden of symptoms related to arrhythmia (arrhythmia‐related burden score). Mean scores were generated and compared at time points while waiting, before and after the procedure. Regression analyses were carried out to identify predictors of increased psychological morbidity while waiting and immediately prior to the procedure. Health care costs during the waiting period as a consequence of arrhythmia were quantified.ResultsMean scores for parameters of psychological morbidity worsened during the period of waiting and improved after the procedure. Predictors of adverse effects within the cohort varied according to the time point assessed for each of the measures of psychological morbidity. A conservative estimate of the health care cost incurred while waiting exceeds £181 per patient.ConclusionsWaiting for radiofrequency ablation appears to be associated with adverse psychological effects and health care costs. These results may support strategies to reduce waiting times and prioritize resource allocation.
Decreased Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation Following Cardiac Transplantation: The Significance of Autonomic Denervation
Authors: NOHERIA AMIT , PATEL SANDEEP M. , MIRZOYEV SULTAN , MADHAVAN MALINI , FRIEDMAN PAUL A. , PACKER DOUGLAS L. , DALY RICHARD C. , KUSHWAHA SUDHIR S. , EDWARDS BROOKS S. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundEndocardial ablation approaches targeting the retroatrial cardiac ganglia to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) have been proposed. However, the potential value using this approach is unknown. Disruption of the autonomic inputs with orthotropic heart transplant (OHT) provides a unique opportunity to study the effects of autonomic innervation on AF genesis and maintenance. We hypothesized that due to denervation, the risk of postoperative AF would be lower following OHT compared to surgical maze even though both groups get isolation of the pulmonary veins.Methods and ResultsWe reviewed 155 OHTs (mean age 52 ± 11 years, 72% males) and used 1:1 age‐, sex‐, and date‐of‐surgery‐matched two control groups from patients undergoing surgical maze or only coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Using conditional logistic regression we compared the odds of AF within 2 weeks following OHT versus controls. Postoperative AF occurred in 10/155 (6.5%) OHT patients. The conditional odds of postoperative AF were lower for OHT as compared to controls (vs maze: odds ratio [OR] 0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.57], vs CABG: OR 0.38 [0.17–0.81], P = 0.003; and on additional adjustment for left atrial enlargement, vs maze: OR 0.28 [0.13–0.60], vs CABG: OR 0.14 [0.04–0.47], P = 0.0009).ConclusionsRisk of postoperative AF is significantly lower with OHT as in comparison to surgical maze. As both surgeries entail isolation of the pulmonary veins but only OHT causes disruption of autonomic innervation, this observation supports a mechanistic role of autonomic nervous system in AF. The benefit of targeting the cardiac autonomic system to treat AF needs further investigation.
Self‐Reported Sleep Quality of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and the Effects of Cardioversion on Sleep Quality
Authors: KAYRAK MEHMET , GUL ENES ELVIN , ARIBAS ALPAY , AKILLI HAKAN , ALIBASIÇ HAJRUDIN , ABDULHALIKOV TURYAN , YILDIRIM OGUZHAN , YAZICI MEHMET , OZDEMIR KURTULUS 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disturbance encountered in clinical practice and is associated with impaired quality of life. Data from the previous studies have shown that sleep quality (SQ), as a component of life quality, may also deteriorate in patients with AF. However, it remains unclear; we do not know whether SQ improves after sinus rhythm is maintained. Therefore, we aimed to examine the relationship between SQ and AF, as well as the effects of sinus rhythm restoration with direct current cardioversion (DCC) on SQ among patients with persistent AF.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐three patients with a diagnosis of nonvalvular AF and 150 age‐matched control subjects with sinus rhythm were recruited. SQ was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The study was designed with two stages. First, the difference in SQ between AF patients and age‐matched controls was examined. Patients with global PSQI scores greater than 5 were defined as “poor sleepers.” Thus, a higher global PSQI score indicated worsened SQ. Predictors of poor SQ were also analyzed using a regression model. Second, the effect of rhythm control on SQ was studied in patients with AF who were eligible for DCC. Of the 65 patients with persistent AF, 54 patients with successful cardioversion were followed for 6 months. The remaining 11 patients, whose cardioversion was unsuccessful, were not followed. After 6 months of follow‐up, the PSQI scores of patients with sinus rhythm maintenance (n = 39) and patients with AF recurrence (n = 15) were reassessed. Changes in global PSQI scores (baseline vs after 6 months) were analyzed.ResultsThe PSQI scores were significantly higher in the AF group compared to the control group (9.4 ± 4.6 vs 5.8 ± 4.1, P = 0.001, respectively). The prevalence of poor sleepers was significantly higher in the AF group (76%) than in the control group (45%) (P < 0.001 by the χ2 test). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AF (odds ratio [OR]: 3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.00–5.55), age (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04), and diabetes mellitus (OR:1.79, 95% CI: 1.03–3.14) were independent predictors of poor SQ. In the second stage, the effect of rhythm control on the SQ of the 54 patients with successful DCC was analyzed. PSQI scores improved significantly between baseline and the 6 months in sinus rhythm maintenance group (8.7 ± 4.1 vs 7.2 ± 3.8, P < 0.001, respectively). However, in the AF recurrence group, the change in global PSQI scores between baseline and the sixth month was not statistically significant (9.8 ± 4.5 vs 9.2 ± 4.2, P = 0.56, respectively).ConclusionPatients with AF have shorter sleep duration and poor SQ. Maintenance of sinus rhythm after DCC may have a favorable effect on the SQ of patients with AF. Nevertheless, AF is an independent predictor of poor SQ.