bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Duty to Transform Public Reason
Authors: Badano Gabriele , Nuti Alasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Normative theorists of liberal democratic self-defence rarely discuss the role of partisans as agents of containment of illiberal and anti-democratic views. In particular, they overlook partisans’ creative ability to reshape society’s public opinion, stressed instead by the burgeoning literature in political theory on ethical partisanship. However, this literature is similarly silent about how partisans should contribute to liberal democratic self-defence. This chapter argues that under conditions of liberal democratic deconsolidation, reasonable partisans should employ their creative abilities to transform the visions for society each of their parties campaigns on (or, in Rawlsian language, transform society’s public reason). They must never adopt unreasonable messages, therefore rejecting any compromise with popular illiberal and anti-democratic beliefs. Partisans have a moral duty to transform society’s public reason in a strategic way, working towards renewed political conceptions of justice that, while staying within the limits of reasonableness, have a chance of winning back the support lost to unreasonable competitors. Rawls’s appreciation of the pluralism of reasonable conceptions of justice allows us to assign a role to reasonable partisans of various parties on the left–right spectrum, potentially tapping into different electorates of unreasonable competitors. Moreover, Rawls’s distinctive account of sincerity in democratic deliberation turns out to be especially well-suited to justify this strategic behaviour as ethical. The case of right-wing populism is used across the chapter to illustrate in detail how this duty to transform public reason might work in practice.
Municipalities and Their Role in Containment
Authors: Badano Gabriele , Nuti Alasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on municipalities, which we define as any subnational administrative units with some powers of self-government or jurisdiction. Considering the resources that municipalities can tap into, it is quite puzzling that the literature on liberal democratic self-defence has thus far overlooked them. This chapter fills this important gap by identifying two duties that fall upon them and are triggered under different circumstances. First, we argue that municipalities should refuse to cooperate with unreasonable central governments when they enact legislation that violates basic rights and opportunities. Second, under conditions of deconsolidation of liberal democracy, municipalities must promote initiatives that attempt to prefigure the politics that political liberals would like to see realized one day. In other words, municipalities should try to establish and nourish relations of freedom, equality, and fairness, which characterize the well-ordered society, within their jurisdiction in the here and now. We also argue that central governments committed to liberal democratic values should implement institutional mechanisms that empower municipalities to discharge the two duties of containment when the proper triggering conditions apply. To illustrate the workings of these two duties, this chapter focuses primarily on cities as agents of containment. As we will see, cities are particularly interesting given their contributions to real-world efforts to push back against right-wing populist and other illiberal and anti-democratic actors.
Conclusion
Authors: Badano Gabriele , Nuti Alasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes our argument by summarizing how we have developed a more political political liberalism. It highlights the innovative theoretical contributions that the first three chapters make: the inclusion of real-world minimally liberal societies into the scope of political liberalism, leading, in turn, to a new interpretation of the relationship between ideal and non-ideal theory within the framework; the integration into political liberal theory of a realistic acceptance of the fact that under any regime, some members of society will be coerced into obedience to a political order that is unacceptable to them; the justifiability of coercion and violence as legitimate political strategies under conditions of severe injustice. Next, the chapter recaps the strengths of the account of containment put forward in the last three chapters and, specifically, (i) its focus on non-state actors, which makes our theory particularly apt to deal with scenarios where the state has already been (at least partially) captured by illiberal and anti-democratic actors; and (ii) its three different tiers of containment strategies, where each tier has its own conditions of applicability. The chapter concludes by suggesting future areas of research, such as investigating which moral limits, if any, should be imposed on militant measures once their triggering conditions obtain, and theorising the role that social media should play in the task of containing the unreasonable.
Introduction
Authors: Knobe Joshua , Nichols Shaun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This new volume of Oxford Studies in Experimental Philosophy showcases the continuing development of the field. The submitted papers go ever more deeply into some of the issues that have long been central topics of experimental philosophy research (epistemic intuitions, metaethical intuitions, intuitions about causation) but also venture into new topics that illustrate the broadening scope of experimental philosophy research (slurs, experimental economics, Socratic questionnaires). In addition, this volume includes three invited papers. We invited scholars on epistemology, causation, and consciousness, to provide their take on recent experimental work in each of these areas.
There’s No Time Like the Present
Authors: Deng Natalja , Latham Andrew J , Miller Kristie , Norton James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the connection between temporal attitudes (attitudes characterized by a concern (or lack thereof) about future and past events), beliefs about temporal ontology (beliefs about the existence of future and past events), and temporal preferences (preferences regarding where in time events are located). Our aim is to probe the connection between these preferences, attitudes, and beliefs, in order to better evaluate the normative status of these preferences. We investigate the hypothesis that there is a three-way association between (a) being present-biased (that is, preferring that positive events are located in the present, and negative events are located in the non-present), (b) believing that past and future events do not exist, and (c) tending to have present-focused rather than non-present-focused temporal attitudes. Our findings have important consequences for, first, explaining why we exhibit these preferences and, second, for their normative evaluation.
Empirical Challenges to the Evidential Problem of Evil
Authors: McAllister Blake , Church Ian , Rezkalla Paul , Nguyen Long 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how the tools and resources of experimental philosophy might be brought to bear on William Rowe’s seminal, 1979 formulation of the problem of evil, arguing that new empirical findings raise significant questions regarding the ultimate success of Rowe’s argument. Section 1 elucidates Rowe’s formulation of the problem and the intuitions that seem to underwrite it. Section 2 explores how the tools and resources of experimental philosophy might be brought to bear on Rowe’s formulation, outlining some hypotheses and the methods for testing them before showcasing the results. Section 3 discusses the philosophical import of these results—arguing that, when taken together, they pose an initial challenge to Rowe’s seminal argument.
Causal Selection and Egalitarianism
Authors: Bebb Jon , Beebee Helen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter explores whether, or to what extent, recent work in experimental philosophy puts pressure on the idea that the concept of causation is ‘egalitarian’. Causal selection—where experimental subjects tend to rate the causal strength of (for example) a norm-violator more strongly than a non-norm-violator—is a well-established phenomenon, and is in prima facie tension with an egalitarian conception of causation; it also, indirectly, puts prima facie pressure on the idea that causation is a worldly phenomenon whose obtaining is independent of facts about norms. The chapter explores both the various psychological mechanisms and the broadly pragmatic approaches to explaining causal selection. It argues that the answer to the question whether or not the concept of causation is egalitarian is currently significantly empirically underdetermined, and suggests some avenues for further investigation.
Experimental Philosophy of Consciousness
Authors: Reuter Kevin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Experimental philosophy of consciousness aims to investigate and explain our thinking about phenomenally conscious states. Based on empirical studies, researchers have argued (a) that we lack a folk concept of consciousness, (b) that we do not think entities like Microsoft feel regret, (c) that unfelt pains are widely accepted, and (d) that people do not attribute phenomenally conscious states to duplicated hamsters. In this chapter, I review these and other intriguing claims about people’s understanding of phenomenal consciousness. In doing so, I also show why experimental philosophy of consciousness is challenging, although perhaps not quite as daunting as studying phenomenal consciousness itself.
HBsAg and TLR7/8 dual-targeting antibody-drug conjugates induce sustained anti-HBV activity in AAV/HBV mice: a preliminary study
Authors: Ye Xinya , Chen Xiaoqing , Liu Han , Jiang Yichao , Yang Chengyu , Xu Tao , Chen Ziyou , Wang Yalin , Chen Fentian , Liu Xue , Yu Hai , Yuan Quan , Xia Ningshao , Chen Yuanzhi , Luo Wenxin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health concern due to elevated immunosuppressive viral antigen levels, the host immune system’s inability to manage HBV, and the liver’s immunosuppressive conditions. While immunotherapies utilizing broadly reactive HBV neutralizing antibodies present potential due to their antiviral capabilities and Fc-dependent vaccinal effects, they necessitate prolonged and frequent dosing to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists have been demonstrated promise for the cure of chronic hepatitis B, but their systemic use often leads to intense side effects. In this study, we introduced immune-stimulating antibody conjugates which consist of TLR7/8 agonists 1-[[4-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl]-2-butyl-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amine (IMDQ) linked to an anti-hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) antibody 129G1, and designated as 129G1-IMDQ. Our preliminary study highlights that 129G1-IMDQ can prompt robust and sustained anti-HBsAg specific reactions with short-term administration. This underscores the conjugate’s potential as an effective strategy for HBsAg clearance and seroconversion, offering a fresh perspective for a practical therapeutic approach in the functional cure of CHB.

Highlights
MyxoPortal: a database of myxobacterial genomic features
Authors: Swetha Rayapadi G , Arakal Benita S , Rajendran Santhosh , Sekar K , Whitworth David E , Ramaiah Sudha , James Philip E , Livingstone Paul G , Anbarasu Anand 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Myxobacteria are predatory bacteria with antimicrobial activity, utilizing complex mechanisms to kill their prey and assimilate their macromolecules. Having large genomes encoding hundreds of secondary metabolites, hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial peptides, these organisms are widely studied for their antibiotic potential. MyxoPortal is a comprehensive genomic database hosting 262 genomes of myxobacterial strains. Datasets included provide genome annotations with gene locations, functions, amino acids and nucleotide sequences, allowing analysis of evolutionary and taxonomical relationships between strains and genes. Biosynthetic gene clusters are identified by AntiSMASH, and dbAMP-generated antimicrobial peptide sequences are included as a resource for novel antimicrobial discoveries, while curated datasets of CRISPR/Cas genes, regulatory protein sequences, and phage associated genes give useful insights into each strain’s biological properties. MyxoPortal is an intuitive open-source database that brings together application-oriented genomic features that can be used in taxonomy, evolution, predation and antimicrobial research. MyxoPortal can be accessed at http://dicsoft1.physics.iisc.ac.in/MyxoPortal/.
Database URL: http://dicsoft1.physics.iisc.ac.in/MyxoPortal/.
Graphical Abstract
Cancellation for (G,n)-complexes and the Swan Finiteness Obstruction
Authors: Nicholson John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In previous work, we related homotopy types of finite $(G,n)$-complexes when $G$ has periodic cohomology to projective ${\mathbb{Z}} G$-modules representing the Swan finiteness obstruction. We use this to determine when $X \vee S^{n} \simeq Y \vee S^{n}$ implies $X \simeq Y$ for finite $(G,n)$-complexes $X$ and $Y$, and give lower bounds on the number of homotopically distinct pairs when this fails. The proof involves constructing projective ${\mathbb{Z}} G$-modules as lifts of locally free modules over orders in products of quaternion algebras, whose existence follows from the Eichler mass formula. In the case $n=2$, difficulties arise that lead to a new approach to finding a counterexample to Wall’s D2 problem.
The Conformal Limit and Projective Structures
Authors: M Silva Pedro , Gothen Peter B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The non-abelian Hodge correspondence maps a polystable $\textrm{SL}(2, {\mathbb{R}})$-Higgs bundle on a compact Riemann surface $X$ of genus $g \geq 2$ to a connection that, in some cases, is the holonomy of a branched hyperbolic structure. Gaiotto’s conformal limit maps the same bundle to a partial oper, that is, to a connection whose holonomy is that of a branched complex projective structure compatible with $X$. In this article, we show how these are both instances of the same phenomenon: the family of connections appearing in the conformal limit can be understood as a family of complex projective structures, deforming the hyperbolic ones into the ones compatible with $X$. We also show that, for zero Toledo invariant, this deformation is optimal, inducing a geodesic on Teichmüller’s space.
Optimizing passenger vehicle travel time with Model Predictive Control in multi-region traffic networks
Authors: Saadullah Muhammad , Zhang Zhipeng , Hu Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of truck traffic on passenger vehicles in an urban network. Utilizing the Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram (MFD), a methodology to calculate the travel time spent (TTS) by passenger vehicles has been developed. To address this issue, an optimal control problem was formulated and solved using a Model Predictive Control (MPC) approach. The MPC framework has been applied in a centralized manner, to manage accumulation for various modes. To explore different traffic management strategies, the centralized MPC technique was implemented in two distinct configurations: region-based and vehicle-based approaches. It has been tested for various vehicle mixes and multiple control scenarios to assess the effectiveness in reducing passenger travel time spent (PTTS) and vehicle accumulation. The results demonstrate that the vehicle-based MPC approach tends to minimize the number of vehicles more effectively compared to the region-based approach. However, in terms of reducing passenger travel time, the region-based approach outperforms the vehicle-based strategy. This is attributed to enhanced coordination among traffic flow controllers, highlighting the importance of strategic controller interactions in urban traffic management systems. This research enhances both the theoretical framework for optimizing traffic flow and provides valuable practical insights for city planners and engineers aiming to deploy advanced traffic management strategies. Future studies could explore the scalability of these control systems and their capability to integrate real-time traffic data.
Raman spectroscopic deep learning with signal aggregated representations for enhanced cell phenotype and signature identification
Authors: Lu Songlin , Huang Yuanfang , Shen Wan Xiang , Cao Yu Lin , Cai Mengna , Chen Yan , Tan Ying , Jiang Yu Yang , Chen Yu Zong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Feature representation is critical for data learning, particularly in learning spectroscopic data. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models learn Raman spectra for rapid, nondestructive, and label-free cell phenotype identification, which facilitate diagnostic, therapeutic, forensic, and microbiological applications. But these are challenged by high-dimensional, unordered, and low-sample spectroscopic data. Here, we introduced novel 2D image-like dual signal and component aggregated representations by restructuring Raman spectra and principal components, which enables spectroscopic DL for enhanced cell phenotype and signature identification. New ConvNet models DSCARNets significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art (SOTA) ML and DL models on six benchmark datasets, mostly with &gt;2% improvement over the SOTA performance of 85–97% accuracies. DSCARNets also performed well on four additional datasets against SOTA models of extremely high performances (&gt;98%) and two datasets without a published supervised phenotype classification model. Explainable DSCARNets identified Raman signatures consistent with experimental indications.
Ultrasound-Guided Pudendal Nerve Block versus Caudal Block for Post-Operative Analgesia in Penile Surgeries in Children
Authors: Mahmoud Hoda Omar , Abd El-malek Fady Adib , Nasr Thabet Aziz , Makram Saleh Mina Mokhles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Penile surgeries as hypospadias, urethroplasty and circumcision are of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the pediatric male population. Using optimal analgesic regimen provide safe and effective analgesia, reduce postoperative stress response and accelerate recovery from surgery. This study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of ultrasound (US) guided pudendal nerve block (PNB) versus caudal block (CB) for postoperative analgesia in pediatric male patients undergoing penile surgeries.

Methods
The study was conducted on 40 randomly chosen patients in Ain Shams University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee. Patients were divided randomly into two groups (20 each group) either receiving ultrasound-guided pudendal nerve block (PNB group) or caudal epidural block (CB group). In the PNB group, patients were injected with 0.3 mL/kg 0.25% bupivacaine and 1 ug/kg fentanyl. In the CB group, patients were injected with 1 mL/kg 0.25% bupivacaine and 1 ug/kg fentanyl. The two groups were adequately monitored and assessed pre, intra and post-operatively and they were compared regarding demographic data, pre, intra and postoperative hemodynamics, postoperative pain control using objective pain scale (OPS) score, consumption of paracetamol in the 1st 24 hours postoperatively and complications of both anesthetic techniques.

Results
This prospective randomized controlled single-blind clinical study was performed on total 40 patients of age 3 to 10 years scheduled for penile surgeries. For the primary outcome, there was a statistically significant increase in time to first analgesia in PNB group than CB group with p value &lt; 0.001 while there was a statistically significant increase in total dose of paracetamol in CB group than PNB group with p value &lt; 0.001. For OPS score, there was a statistically significant increase in pain score in CB group than PNB group at 6 h, 12 h and 24 h with p value = 0.02, 0.005 and 0.01, respectively.

Conclusion
From our study we can conclude that US guided PNB provided significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia and reduced the postoperative analgesic requirements as compared with caudal block in pediatric patients undergoing penile surgeries and also demonstrated that both analgesic techniques are safe.
Ultrasound Guided Subscapularis and Subomohyoid Plane Blocks versus Interscalene Block with Levobupivacaine for Analgesia in Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Nassar Mohamed Zakaria , Ghobrial Bassem Boulos , Shoukry Randa Ali , Mohamed Abdou Khaled Mohamed Ahmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Now Shoulder surgery is a common procedure, particularly as it is associated with reduced hospitalization times, even though the technique may lead to moderate and severe postoperative pain. In recent years, various studies have been carried out that demonstrated the need for valid anaesthetic techniques that allow adequate control of postoperative pain and also favour early mobilization and rehabilitation. Subscabularis and subomohyoid plane blocks allow pain control after shoulder surgery while decreasing the need of opioids and pain medication after surgery. In contrast to interscalene brachial plexus block, subscabularis and subomohyoid plane blocks carry minor risks of intrathecal injection or post operative respiratory distress.

Aim of the Work
to compare analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided subomohyoid and subscapularis plane blocks versus interscalene block using levobupivacaine in both techniques for pain control after shoulder surgery.

Patients and Methods
This exploratory randomized clinical trial study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospital after approval of the anesthesia department and the local ethics and research committee over 6 months and after obtaining a written informed consent. Sixty patients underwent shoulder surgery under general anesthesia were included in the study their ages range between 21 and 65 years old and classified as ASA I and II. The patients were randomly divided using computer generated randomization and opaque sealed envelopes into two groups 30 patients in each (n = 30).

Results
In this study we find that combined subscapularis plane and sub-omohyoid injections may serve as an alternative to interscalene block for shoulder analgesia, with less complications. The present study shows no difference in the demographic data between the two groups (p-value &gt;0.05). Also there was no statistically significant difference in the surgery duration between the two groups. But the duration of subomohyoid and subscapularis plane block was longer than the duration of interscalene block, the Mean± SD is (10.80±2.64 minutes) for subomohyoid and subscapularis plane blocks while interscalene block duration is (5.33±1.56 minutes) so there was astatically significant difference P-value &lt;0.001.

Conclusion
Subscapularis plane and subomohyoid plane blocks can be used as an alternative shoulder analgesia with minor risks.