bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities under different inter-row tillage managements in a sloping vineyard of the Balaton Uplands (Hungary)
Authors: Besze Balázs Zoltán , Borsodi Andrea K. , Megyes Melinda , Zsigmond Tibor , Horel Ágota 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe common grape (Vitis vinifera L.) has been cultivated for thousands of years. Nowadays, it is cultivated using a variety of tillage practices that affect the structure of the soil microbial communities and thus the health of the vine. The aim of this study was to explore and compare the effects of tillage (shallow tillage with bare soil) and no-tillage (perennial grass cover) practices on soil physical and chemical properties and soil bacterial community diversities in a small catchment. Soil samples were taken in July and October 2020 at different slope positions of two vineyards exposed to erosion. The two sampling sites were separated by the agricultural inter-row management type: tilled and no-tilled slopes. The taxonomic diversity of bacterial communities was determined using 16S rRNA gene-based amplicon sequencing method on Illumina MiSeq platform. Based on the examined soil properties, the sampling areas were separated from each other according to the positions of the upper and lower slopes and the sampling times. Both the tilled and no-tilled soil samples were dominated by sequences assigned to phyla Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteriota, and Gemmatimonadota. The results showed that tillage had no significant effect compared to the no-tilled samples in the studied area. Water runoff and seasonally changed soil physical and chemical properties affected mainly the bacterial community structures.
Effect of Cu incorporation in silicate and modified borate bioglass materials for health applications: insights from synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Imam N. G. , Harfouche Messaoud , Abdelghany A. M. , Flege Jan Ingo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis contribution investigates the effect of variable copper incorporation (x = 0.2, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0) in silicate (45 SiO2, 24.5 CaO, 24.5 Na2O, 6P2O5wt%) and modified borate (45 B2O3, 24.5 CaO, 24.5 Na2O, 6P2O5wt%) bioglass materials to be used for bone bonding applications. X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) has been used to determine the oxidation states and local coordination structure of Cu atoms in silicate-based and borate-based glasses at the Cu K-edge (~ 8979 eV). The oxidation states of Cu atoms have been determined by near-edge XAFS (XANES) fingerprinting employing reference standard compounds of Cu. Cu (I) and Cu (II) XANES spectra of the standard reference compounds were linearly combined to fit the normalized μ(E) data of the collected XANES spectra using linear combination fitting (LCF approach). The obtained results prove that most of the silicate glass samples contain Cu2O almost exclusively, while modified borate glass samples contain a significant mixture of Cu2O and CuO phases. According to the literature, the remarkable coexistence of Cu2O and CuO phases within the borate sample, particularly when x = 4, promotes the conversion process to allow the more facile formation of hydroxy carbonate apatite (HCA). The best fit structural parameters derived from extended-XAFS (EXAFS) fitting show that the ratio between Cu (I) and Cu (II) in borate glass agreed well with that extracted from XANES analysis. XANES and EXAFS conclude that borate glass with x = 4 is the most suitable composition for bone bonding applications.
Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning for Automated Segmentation of Brain Tumor MRI Images in Schizophrenia
Authors: Meng Lingmiao , Zhao Liwei , Yi Xin , Yu Qingming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSchizophrenic patients’ brain tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images are important references for doctors to diagnose and treat schizophrenia. However, automatic segmentation of these images is a professional and tedious task. Existing methods suffer from problems such as large model parameters, long computation time, and inadequate image processing. To achieve more accurate segmentation of brain tumors, we propose brain tumor MRI images for automatic segmentation using self-supervised contrastive learning in schizophrenia patients (BTCSSSP). First, a denoising algorithm based on progressive principal component analysis approximation and adaptive clustering is designed to process the noisy MRI images. Second, a brightness-aware image enhancement algorithm is developed to address the problems of non-uniformity, unclear boundaries, and poor spatial resolution of the MRI images. Finally, a cross-scale U-Net network with selective feature fusion attention module is designed based on self-supervised contrastive learning to achieve automatic segmentation of brain tumor MRI images. The results show that the BTCSSSP method yields higher Recall and Precision than existing methods. The maximum recall is 95%, and the image segmentation precision is 95%, thus indicating good practical applicability.
Exploring Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Diarrhea Disease and Identify its Determinants among Under-Five Years Children in East Africa
Authors: Yehuala Tirualem Zeleke , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Tewelgne Makda Fekadie , Wubante Sisay Maru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The second most common cause of death for children under five is diarrhea. Early Predicting diarrhea disease and identify its determinants (factors) using an advanced machine learning model is the most effective way to save the lives of children. Hence, this study aimed to predict diarrheal diseases, identify their determinants, and generate some rules using machine learning models.

Methods
The study used secondary data from the 12 east African countries for DHS dataset analysis using Python. Machine learning techniques such as Random Forest, Decision Tree (DT), K-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression (LR), wrapper feature selection and SHAP values are used for identify determinants.

Result
The final experimentation results indicated the random forest model performed the best to predict diarrhea disease with an accuracy of 86.5%, precision of 89%, F-measure of 86%, AUC curve of 92%, and recall of 82%. Important predictors’ identified age, countries, wealth status, mother’s educational status, mother’s age, source of drinking water, number of under-five children immunization status, media exposure, timing of breast feeding, mother’s working status, types of toilet, and twin status were associated with a higher predicted probability of diarrhea disease.

Conclusion
According to this study, child caregivers are fully aware of sanitation and feeding their children, and moms are educated, which can reduce child mortality by diarrhea in children in east Africa. This leads to a recommendation for policy direction to reduce infant mortality in East Africa.
Smart construction of fibre-reinforced concrete structures: size-scale effects on minimum reinforcement and plastic rotation capacity
Authors: Accornero Federico , Rubino Alessio , Marano Giuseppe C. , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdvanced structural design approaches should consider the economic and technological benefits offered by the structural applications of fibre-reinforced concrete. In this framework, it is important to highlight how the ductility of fibre-reinforced concrete structures is strongly dependent on the fibre volume fraction together with the structural size. This crucial coupling induces two reverse ductile-to-brittle transitions in the mechanical response of fibre-reinforced and hybrid-reinforced concrete elements: by increasing the characteristic size of the structure, an increase in its load-bearing capacity can be observed together with a decrease in its plastic rotation capacity. These size-scale effects can be taken into account by an effective fracture mechanics approach represented by the Updated Bridged Crack Model (UBCM), which can provide significant improvements in current Standards and regulations on fibre-reinforced concrete structures.
Urea application in soil: processes, losses, and alternatives—a review
Authors: Motasim Ahmmed Md , Samsuri Abd. Wahid , Nabayi Abba , Akter Amaily , Haque Mohammad Amdadul , Abdul Sukor Arina Shairah , Adibah Amin Mohd. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrea is the most used fertilizer because of its significance on world food security but it is also the toughest fertilizer to manage. It is readily available to the plant and it is vulnerable to loss in various ways, causing environmental pollution and huge economic losses. Urea application requires a sound knowledge for its effective management, which will increase its availability to plants and reduce possible losses. Ammonia (NH3) and oxides of nitrogen (N) pollute the environment, and nitrate ($${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ - }$$

NO

3

-

) leaching alters the aquatic ecosystem, which lowers the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of applied urea. Nitrate-contaminated drinking water causes human and animal health risks, whereas the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the atmosphere is significant to ozone layer depletion and climate change. This review discusses the processes in the soil after urea application in the soil–plant system, which includes the loss mechanisms, and the significant factors affecting the N availability and losses. This review also shows that the judicial management of urea in soil–plant systems and maintaining the best management practices and technologies ensure sustainable agricultural development and decrease the risk of environmental contamination. Finally, the review summarizes the potential mechanisms of the applied urea in the soil with their mineralization and loss pathways and delivers the scientific reference to achieve sustainable crop production and reduce the risk of N losses.
Graphical Abstract
Beyond more inclusive and equitable research in ecology and conservation: on the practical implications of expanding authorship to local data collectors
Authors: Palmeirim Ana Filipa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNewly acquired knowledge is typically disseminated in the form of scientific articles. The authorship of an article typically includes those who had a significant contribution. In ecology and conservation, data is often either partially or entirely collected by local people. Yet, local data collectors are rarely included as authors in the respective publications. In this piece, I discuss some of the practical implications of including local data collectors in the authorship of scientific publications. Overall, despite the inherent higher workload for researchers, expanding authorship to local data collectors has the potential to go beyond more inclusive and equitable research, thereby allowing publications to reflect local perspectives, while locally boosting conservation legacy.
New records of Diplomoceras (Ammonoidea, Diplomoceratidae) from Koryak Upland, North-West Pacific Province: taxonomic, biostratigraphical and palaeogeographical implications
Authors: Jagt-Yazykova Elena A. , Zolina Anastasia A. , Golovneva Lina B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The geographical and stratigraphical distribution of the heteromorph ammonite genus Diplomoceras within the North-West Pacific Province is briefly reviewed. Although Diplomoceras ranks amongst the more important, globally distributed taxa during the latest Cretaceous, its precise stratigraphical range still is uncertain. Moreover, the status of the various species assigned to this genus is a matter of debate; for instance, two commonly cited forms, Diplomoceras cylindraceum and D. notabile, are considered to be conspecific by some authors, but treated as discrete taxa by others. The majority of records of species of Diplomoceras are from Maastrichtian strata; however, several late Campanian finds bring some discrepancy into the discussion about their biostratigraphical significance. Here we record new specimens from the upper Maastrichtian Kokuy Unit, refer them to Diplomoceras cylindraceum and briefly consider the geographical, biostratigraphical and taxonomic issues surrounding the genus Diplomoceras.
Extreme Storm Surge Events and Associated Dynamics in the North Atlantic
Authors: Barbot Simon , Pineau‐Guillou Lucia , Delouis Jean‐Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStorm surges events are investigated using the ECHAR method, which identifies and quantifies the different dynamical structures of a typical storm surge event. In the North Atlantic, analysis of 65 tide gauges revealed that storm surge events display two major and two minor structures, each of them corresponding to specific ocean dynamics. The two major structures refer to a slow‐time Gaussian structure, lasting around 24 days, associated with the impact of the atmospheric pressure and a fast‐time Laplace structure, lasting around 1.4 days, mainly wind‐driven. The absence of the Gaussian structure along the North America coasts is explained by storms of smaller spatial extension, compared to Europe. Concerning the minor structures, a negative surge of around 6 cm just after the peak surge is observed over North America only. Such a sudden drop of the sea level is explained by the turning winds during the storm event, favored by the smaller spatial extension of storms. Finally, high frequency oscillations, with amplitude typically of 3 cm and up to 25 cm, are observed at some tide gauges. These oscillations refer to tide‐surge interactions and they are often maximum at a specific phase of the tide and/or enhanced because of resonant basins.
Shifts in Carbon Emissions Versus Sequestration From Hydropower Reservoirs in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Pilla Rachel M. , Faehndrich Chloe S. , Fortner Allison M. , Jett R. Trent , Jones Michael W. , Jones Nikki J. , Phillips Jana R. , Hansen Carly H. , Iftikhar Bilal , Jager Henriette I. , Matson Paul G. , Griffiths Natalie A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReservoirs are a significant source of carbon (C) to the atmosphere, but their emission rates vary in space and time. We compared C emissions via diffusive and ebullitive pathways at several stations in six large hydropower reservoirs in the southeastern US that were previously sampled in summer 2012. We found that carbon dioxide (CO2) diffusion was the dominant flux pathway during 2012 and 2022, with only three exceptions where methane (CH4) diffusion or CH4 ebullition dominated. CH4 diffusion rates were positively associated with water temperature. However, we found no clear predictors of CH4 ebullition, which had extremely high variability, with rates ranging from 0 to 739 mg C m−2 day−1. For CO2 diffusion, the direction of the flux shifted between 2012 and 2022, where all but three stations across all reservoirs emitted CO2 in summer 2012, but every station sequestered CO2 in summer 2022. Here, indicators of greater algal production were associated with CO2 sequestration, including surface chlorophyll‐a concentration, surface dissolved oxygen saturation, and pH. Additional sampling campaigns outside the summer season highlighted the importance of seasonal phenology in primary production on the direction of CO2 diffusive fluxes, which shifted to positive CO2 fluxes by the end of August as productivity decreased. Our results demonstrate the importance of capturing CO2 sequestration in field and modeling measurements and understanding the seasonal drivers of these estimates. Measuring C emissions from multiple pathways in reservoirs and understanding their spatiotemporal responses and variability are vital to reducing uncertainties in global upscaling efforts.
CH4 Inclusions in High‐Pressure Metapelite: Revealing the Link Between Fluid Behavior and Redox Mechanisms for Subducting Sedimentary Carbon
Authors: Guo Zeng‐Li , Du Jin‐Xue , Zhang Li‐Fei , Liang Jun‐Qi , Zhang Ze‐Ming , Tao Ren‐Biao , Cao Yi , Bucher Kurt , Gong Ting‐Nan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract(Ultra)high‐pressure metamorphic rocks provide valuable insights into the properties of slab‐derived fluids. Here, we report CH4‐rich fluid inclusions in garnet of a metapelite from the Zermatt‐Saas ophiolite, western Alps. Two types of metapelite, a CH4‐bearing pelitic schist and a calcareous pelitic schist, were investigated to unravel favorable P‐T‐fO2 conditions for preservation of CH4 in high‐pressure metapelite. In the CH4‐bearing pelitic schist, CH4‐rich fluid inclusions exclusively occur in the core of garnet (GrtI) rather than the rim (GrtII). GrtI records P‐T conditions of ∼2.85 GPa and ∼555°C, whereas GrtII records a prograde P‐T path from ∼1.75 GPa at 510°C to ∼2.0 GPa at 530°C. Compositional profile of garnet in the calcareous pelitic schist reflects a prograde metamorphic path from ∼1.9 GPa at 510°C to ∼2.12 GPa at 545°C. CH4‐rich fluid formation may primarily rise from graphite reduction at high‐pressure reduced conditions (ΔFMQ −3.5 to −4, 2.85 GPa, ∼550°C), while graphite and carbonates stabilize in a relatively oxidized environment (ΔFMQ ∼0, 2.12 GPa, 545°C). The initial redox budget of subducted sediments is primarily controlled by the amount of sedimentary carbonate and organic carbon, which plays the most important role in deciding the carbon speciation at different subduction depths. CH4 formation in COH fluids could primarily be attributed to the reduction of graphite. Subducted metasediments act as conduits for transporting non‐oxidized fluids to arc magmas, which provides crucial evidence to support the heterogeneity for slab‐derived COH fluids and offers new insights into the deep carbon cycle.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for the detection of silicone oil emulsification on the iris surface
Authors: Karsten Mona , Morello Matteo , Lau Imke , Druchkiv Vasyl , Lopes Ines Valente , Dulz Simon , Skevas Christos , Spitzer Martin Stephan , Mautone Luca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the presence of silicone oil (SO)-emulsification on the anterior iris surface with anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods
In this single-center cross-sectional study, vitrectomized eyes with SO tamponade that underwent AS-OCT imaging and gonioscopy examination during the postoperative follow-up visits, were reviewed.

Results
45 eyes of 42 consecutive patients were included. In 35.6% of the eyes (n = 16) emulsified SO droplets were detected in the anterior chamber (AC) angle by gonioscopy and in 55.6% (n = 25) on the anterior iris surface by AS-OCT imaging. The presence of SO emulsifications in the AC-angle correlated with the presence of SO emulsifications on the anterior iris surface (OR = 13.4, 95% CI [2.179–82.130]; p = 0.005). The accuracy of the AS-OCT predicting the presence of SO in the AC-angle was 71.0% and the sensitivity was 87.5%. No significant association between SO droplets in the AC and other clinical parameters including endotamponade-duration or type of silicone oil were found. The presence of emulsified SO droplets on the anterior iris surface detected by AS-OCT was significantly correlated to postoperative IOP rise (p = 0.027).

Conclusion
AS-OCT is a suitable method for the detection of SO on the anterior iris surface. SO droplets on the iris surface correlate with elevated postoperative IOP and with the presence of SO in the AC detected by gonioscopy, therefore AS-OCT might be used as a screening method for the detection of SO migration into the AC.

Trial registration number
Institutional Review Board of the Hamburg Medical Chamber (Ethik-Kommission der Ärztekammer Hamburg): 2023-300372-WF.
Unequal exchange of labour in the world economy
Authors: Hickel Jason , Hanbury Lemos Morena , Barbour Felix 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearchers have argued that wealthy nations rely on a large net appropriation of labour and resources from the rest of the world through unequal exchange in international trade and global commodity chains. Here we assess this empirically by measuring flows of embodied labour in the world economy from 1995–2021, accounting for skill levels, sectors and wages. We find that, in 2021, the economies of the global North net-appropriated 826 billion hours of embodied labour from the global South, across all skill levels and sectors. The wage value of this net-appropriated labour was equivalent to €16.9 trillion in Northern prices, accounting for skill level. This appropriation roughly doubles the labour that is available for Northern consumption but drains the South of productive capacity that could be used instead for local human needs and development. Unequal exchange is understood to be driven in part by systematic wage inequalities. We find Southern wages are 87–95% lower than Northern wages for work of equal skill. While Southern workers contribute 90% of the labour that powers the world economy, they receive only 21% of global income.
Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities
Authors: Goldberg Amanda R. , Langwig Kate E. , Brown Katherine L. , Marano Jeffrey M. , Rai Pallavi , King Kelsie M. , Sharp Amanda K. , Ceci Alessandro , Kailing Christopher D. , Kailing Macy J. , Briggs Russell , Urbano Matthew G. , Roby Clinton , Brown Anne M. , Weger-Lucarelli James , Finkielstein Carla V. , Hoyt Joseph R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPervasive SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans have led to multiple transmission events to animals. While SARS-CoV-2 has a potential broad wildlife host range, most documented infections have been in captive animals and a single wildlife species, the white-tailed deer. The full extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among wildlife communities and the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk remain unknown. We sampled 23 species of wildlife for SARS-CoV-2 and examined the effects of urbanization and human use on seropositivity. Here, we document positive detections of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in six species, including the deer mouse, Virginia opossum, raccoon, groundhog, Eastern cottontail, and Eastern red bat between May 2022–September 2023 across Virginia and Washington, D.C., USA. In addition, we found that sites with high human activity had three times higher seroprevalence than low human-use areas. We obtained SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences from nine individuals of six species which were assigned to seven Pango lineages of the Omicron variant. The close match to variants circulating in humans at the time suggests at least seven recent human-to-animal transmission events. Our data support that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 has been widespread in wildlife communities and suggests that areas with high human activity may serve as points of contact for cross-species transmission.
Exploring the roles of RNAs in chromatin architecture using deep learning
Authors: Kuang Shuzhen , Pollard Katherine S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted the impact of both transcription and transcripts on 3D genome organization, particularly its dynamics. Here, we propose a deep learning framework, called AkitaR, that leverages both genome sequences and genome-wide RNA-DNA interactions to investigate the roles of chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs) on genome folding in HFFc6 cells. In order to disentangle the cis- and trans-regulatory roles of caRNAs, we have compared models with nascent transcripts, trans-located caRNAs, open chromatin data, or DNA sequence alone. Both nascent transcripts and trans-located caRNAs improve the models’ predictions, especially at cell-type-specific genomic regions. Analyses of feature importance scores reveal the contribution of caRNAs at TAD boundaries, chromatin loops and nuclear sub-structures such as nuclear speckles and nucleoli to the models’ predictions. Furthermore, we identify non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) known to regulate chromatin structures, such as MALAT1 and NEAT1, as well as several new RNAs, RNY5, RPPH1, POLG-DT and THBS1-IT1, that might modulate chromatin architecture through trans-interactions in HFFc6. Our modeling also suggests that transcripts from Alus and other repetitive elements may facilitate chromatin interactions through trans R-loop formation. Our findings provide insights and generate testable hypotheses about the roles of caRNAs in shaping chromatin organization.