bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modularly Designed Supramolecular Organocatalyst as an Effective Stimulant for the Highly Asymmetric Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitro Olefins
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Shruthi Kodambahalli S. , Madhavachary R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric modularly designed supramolecular organocatalytic nitro olefin–ketone Michael addition of a variety of functionally rich nitro olefins with ketones was explored. The modularly designed supramolecular organocatalytic Michael reaction is characterized by a high rate, high chemoselectivity, high diastereoselectivity, high enantioselectivity, mild reaction conditions, readily available substrates/catalysts with simple operations, and excellent yields with a broad spectrum of functionally rich substrates. This method constitutes an alternative to previously known organocatalytic Michael reactions.
The Impact of Vitamin D, Calcium, Protein Supplementation, and Physical Exercise on Bone Metabolism After Bariatric Surgery: The BABS Study
Authors: Muschitz Christian , Kocijan Roland , Haschka Judith , Zendeli Afrodite , Pirker Thomas , Geiger Corinna , Müller Andrea , Tschinder Bettina , Kocijan Annemarie , Marterer Christina , Nia Arastoo , Muschitz Gabriela Katharina , Resch Heinrich , Pietschmann Peter 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) are common and effective methods to treat severe obesity, but these procedures can adversely influence bone metabolism and areal bone mineral density (aBMD). This was a prospective 24-month single-center interventional two-arm study in 220 women and similarly aged men (median age 40.7 years) with a body mass index (BMI) &gt;38 kg/m2 after RYGB and SG procedures. Patients were randomized into: 1) an intervention group receiving: 28,000 IU cholecalciferol/wk for 8 weeks before bariatric surgery, 16,000 IU/wk and 1000 mg calciummonocitrate/d after surgery, daily BMI-adjusted protein supplementation and physical exercise (Nordic walking, strength perseverance, and equipment training); 2) a non-intervention group: no preoperative loading, nutritional supplementation, or obligatory physical exercise. At study endpoint, when comparing the intervention group to the non-intervention group, the relative percentage changes of serum levels of sclerostin (12.1% versus 63.8%), cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX, 82.6% versus 158.3%), 25-OH vitamin D (13.4% versus 18.2%), phosphate (23.7% versus 32%, p &lt; 0.001 for all), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP, 12% versus 41.2%), intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH, –17.3% versus –7.6%), and Dickkopf-1 (–3.9% versus –8.9%, p &lt; 0.05 for all) differed. The decline in lumbar spine, total hip and total body aBMD, changes in BMI, lean body mass (LBM), as well as changes in trabecular bone score (TBS) values (p &lt; 0.005 for all) were less, but significantly, pronounced in the intervention group. We conclude that vitamin D loading and ongoing vitamin D, calcium, and BMI-adjusted protein supplementation in combination with physical exercise decelerates the loss of aBMD and LBM after bariatric surgery. Moreover, the well-known increases of bone turnover markers are less pronounced. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The metabolic cost of mounting an immune response in male brown anoles (Anolis sagrei)
Authors: Cox Christian L. , Peaden Robert T. , Cox Robert M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe tradeoff between reproduction and survival is central to life‐history theory and is thought to reflect underlying energetic tradeoffs between reproduction and self‐maintenance. Immune responses to parasites and pathogens are important components of self‐maintenance in many species, but whether these defenses impose significant energetic costs has only been tested in a handful of organisms. We tested for a metabolic cost of mounting an immune response in the male brown anole (Anolis sagrei), a lizard in which we have previously shown that reproduction causes a marked reduction in immune response to the novel antigen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). We treated captive male anoles with a subcutaneous injection of either PHA, which induces an immune response that manifests as localized swelling, or saline vehicle as a control. Prior to injection and at 24, 48, and 72 hr post‐injection, we measured swelling at the site of injection and whole‐animal resting metabolic rate (RMR) using stop‐flow respirometry. Although we detected a robust swelling response to PHA at 24, 48, and 72 hr post‐injection, mean RMR did not differ between treatments at any of these time points. However, within the PHA treatment group, RMR increased with the extent of swelling, suggesting a variable metabolic cost that scales with the magnitude of the induced immune response. Although individual anoles varied considerably in the extent to which they responded to PHA challenge, our results suggest that an immune response can impose a substantial metabolic cost (potentially as much as 63% above baseline RMR) for individuals that do respond maximally. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 689–695, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between velvet antler ossification and PTH and androgen serum levels in Tarim Red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Tao Dayong , Zhao Jinxiang , Deng Ganzhen , Jiao Jifeng 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTOssification degree is one of the primary variables affecting the medicinal value of velvet antler. Multiple factors regulate the calcification of velvet antler. We studied the relationship between the ossification of velvet antlers and the serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and androgen (ADG) in Tarim red deer. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and atomic absorption spectrometry demonstrated that the changes in serum PTH and ADG levels nearly paralleled antler ossification during Tarim red deer antler mineralization. These results suggest that regulating the levels of serum PTH and ADG could decrease the calcification rate of velvet antlers in Tarim red deer. We conclude that PTH might increase antler ossification via the cAMP signaling pathway, and ADG possesses the dual roles of promoting both antler ossification and growth in Tarim red deer. This study suggests that we might be able to artificially control antler ossification to improve its medical value via the PTH or/and ADG pathway. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 696–703, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in physiological traits associated with water balance among rodents, and their relationship to tolerance of habitat fragmentation
Authors: Castellar Alexandre , Bertoli Paula Custódio , Galdino Leonardo Henrique , Domeniconi Raquel Fantin , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo Pereira 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPhysiological concepts and tools can help us to understand why organisms and populations respond to habitat fragmentation in the way they do, and allow us to determine the mechanisms or individual characteristics underlying this differential sensitivity. Here, we examine food intake, relative medullary thickness and distribution/expression of water channel aquaporin‐1 in three species of South American rodents that have been reported to have different levels of tolerance to habitat fragmentation (Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys nigripes, and Euryoryzomys russatus), using a classic water deprivation experiment to assess their abilities to cope with water shortage. We believe the mechanisms underlying this differential sensitivity are related to the organisms’ capacities to maintain water balance, and therefore the species more tolerant to habitat fragmentation (A. montensis and O. nigripes) should have a higher capacity to maintain water balance. We found that A. montensis and O. nigripes were more tolerant to water deprivation than E. russatus, and this difference appears to be unrelated to differences in food ingestion rate. O. nigripes showed the highest values for RMT, followed by A. montensis and E. russatus. However all species showed RMT values that were 2.2% to 14.1% below the lower prediction limit when compared to other rodents through allometric relationships. Water deprivation seems to trigger changes in the distribution of aquaporin‐1, mostly for O. nigripes and E. russatus, which may contribute to water balance maintenance. Our data suggest that these intrinsic physiological differences among these species could provide a mechanism for their differential tolerance of habitat fragmentation. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 731–744, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The new innovation of the lower medial thigh perforator flap for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Scaglioni Mario F. , Kuo Pao‐Jen , Chen Yen‐Chou , Lin Pao‐Yuan , Kuo Yur‐Ren 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe choice of optimal flap is still a challenge for patients with resection of head and neck cancer and reconstruction, especially for recurrent cases. In this article, we report the results of the new innovation of free lower medial thigh perforator (LMTP) flap for head and neck reconstruction in a series of patients.Patients and MethodsFifteen patients received reconstruction with free LMTP flaps. The defect locations included the buccal area (3 cases), tongue (6 cases), lower/upper gum (5 cases), and soft palate (1 case). The perforators of flap design were detected at the distal third of the line, which was drawn from the midpoint of inguinal ligament to medial upper border of patella. The superficial temporal artery (7 cases), superior thyroid artery (6 cases), and facial artery (2 cases) were dissected as recipient vessels.ResultsThe flap sizes varied from 12 × 5 cm2 to 20 × 8 cm2. One to two perforators based on the superficial femoral artery or descending genicular artery were found between the septum of satorius and vastus medialis, or piercing the vastus medialis during dissection. All of flaps were survived after surgery, except one failed due to venous thrombosis. Another one flap suffered from venous thrombosis and was successfully salvaged by performing a venous thrombectomy. All donor sites were primarily closed except one skin grafting. The follow‐up time ranged from 3 to 15 months (average: 7 months) and all patients had good recovery with satisfactory results.ConclusionThe LMTP flap indicates a pliable with constant vascular anatomy and low donor‐site morbidity. It could be an alternative for reconstructing defects in head and neck region. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:284–290, 2016.
Role of adenoviruses in obesity
Authors: Voss Jameson D. , Atkinson Richard L. , Dhurandhar Nikhil V. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryFive human adenovirus subtypes, Ad5, Ad9, Ad31, Ad36, and Ad37, and a non‐human adenovirus, SMAM1, are linked to increased adiposity in vitro or in vivo. Experimental infection with Ad5, Ad36, and Ad37 produced excess adiposity or weight gain in animals. Ad9 and Ad31 increase fat storage in tissue culture but are not associated with animal or human obesity. Ad36 is the most extensively studied adipogenic adenovirus and is correlated with some measure of overweight/obesity in humans from multiple countries. The correlation is strongest and most consistent in children, but some studies have been negative in both children and adults. About 30% of overweight/obese children and adults and about 15–20% of lean individuals have Ad36 antibodies in epidemiologic studies. The mechanisms of action of Ad36 are due to the early gene 4, open reading frame 1 (E4‐ORF1). Blocking E4‐ORF1 with siRNA prevents the effects of Ad36, and transfection of lentivirus with E4‐ORF1 reproduces the Ad36 effects. Increased adiposity is caused by stimulation of at least three pathways by Ad36. Cell membrane glucose receptors are increased via the Ras pathway, leading to increased intracellular glucose. Fatty acid synthase is increased, which converts the glucose to fatty acids. Finally, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ is increased, resulting in differentiation of adult stem cells into adipocytes. Conclusions: several adenoviruses increase adiposity in animals and are associated with obesity in humans. There are critical gaps in the literature needing further investigation including evaluation of other adenovirus subtypes and better research designs to improve the strength of causal inferences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cells, A Promising Cell Source for Therapy of Heart Failure: Where Do We Stand?
Authors: Gouadon Elodie , Moore-Morris Thomas , Smit Nicoline W. , Chatenoud Lucienne , Coronel Ruben , Harding Sian E. , Jourdon Philippe , Lambert Virginie , Rucker-Martin Catherine , Pucéat Michel 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Heart failure is still a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in developed countries. Many clinical trials have tested the use of multipotent stem cells as a cardiac regenerative medicine. The benefit for the patients of this therapeutic intervention has remained limited. Herein, we review the pluripotent stem cells as a cell source for cardiac regeneration. We more specifically address the various challenges of this cell therapy approach. We question the cell delivery systems, the immune tolerance of allogenic cells, the potential proarrhythmic effects, various drug mediated interventions to facilitate cell grafting and, finally, we describe the pathological conditions that may benefit from such an innovative approach. As members of a transatlantic consortium of excellence of basic science researchers and clinicians, we propose some guidelines to be applied to cell types and modes of delivery in order to translate pluripotent stem cell cardiac derivatives into safe and effective clinical trials.
Characterisation of Seed Lipids from Bixa orellana and Trachyspermum copticum
Authors: Prabhakara Rao Pamidighantam , Narsing Rao Galla , Jyothirmayi Tummala , Satyanarayana Akula , Karuna Mallampalli Sri Lakshmi , Prasad Rachapudi Badari Narayana 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBixa orellana L. seeds possess a resinous lipid (6.3 %), which has a pungent and spicy odour. The seed is known for its medicinal properties such as anti‐inflammatory, antipyretic activity and as a cure for tonsilitis. Trachyspermum copticum L. seed is a well known digestive aid and relief from colic pain. T. copticum possesses essential oil rich in thymol (>50 %) and lipid (15.6 %). The present study was aimed to quantify lipid classes of these two species by silicic acid chromatography and analyze their fatty acid composition by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). It was observed that the seed lipids are rich in neutral lipids with 98.1 and 95.2 % and lower quantities of glycolipids of 1.5 and 3.8 % and phospholipids of 0.36 and 1.0 % in B. orellana and T. copticum, respectively. The fatty acid composition of B. orellana seed lipid showed major quantities of palmitic (26.9 %), linoleic (26.1 %), oleic (17.5 %), linolenic (15.1 %), stearic acid (10.8 %) and small quantities of eicosanoic acid (3.6 %). In T. copticum seed lipids, petroselinic acid (68.3 %) and linoleic acid (25.3 %) together constituted 93 % of the total lipid. The results revealed that the lipids after recovery of the essential components namely, bixin and volatile oil from B. orellana and T. copticum, respectively can be further explored for industrial applications.
Educational outcomes of Helping Babies Breathe training at a community hospital in Honduras
Authors: Seto Teresa L. , Tabangin Meredith E. , Josyula Srirama , Taylor Kathryn K. , Vasquez Juan Carlos , Kamath-Rayne Beena D. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives Helping Babies Breathe is an evidence-based curriculum designed to teach basic neonatal resuscitation in low-resource countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acquisition of knowledge and skills following this training and correlation of learner characteristics to performance in a Spanish-speaking setting.
Methods Thirty-one physicians and 39 nurses completed Helping Babies Breathe training at a Honduran community hospital. Trainee knowledge and skills were evaluated before and after the training using a multiple-choice questionnaire, bag-mask ventilation skills test, and two objective structured clinical exams (OSCEs). Linear mixed-effects models were used to analyze assessment scores pre- and post-training by profession (physician or nurse) while controlling for covariates.
Results Helping Babies Breathe training resulted in significant increases in mean scores for the multiple-choice question test, bag-mask ventilation skills test, and OSCE B. Time to initiation of effective bag-mask ventilation decreased from a mean of 74.8 to 68.4 s. Despite this improvement in bag-mask ventilation, only 42 % of participants were able to initiate effective bag-mask ventilation within the Golden Minute. Although physicians scored higher on the pre-test multiple-choice questions and bag-mask ventilation, nurses demonstrated a greater mean difference in scores after training. OSCE B scores pre- and post-training increased similarly between professions. Nurses’ and physicians’ performance in simulation was not significantly different after the training.
Conclusions When evaluated immediately after an initial workshop, Helping Babies Breathe training resulted in significant gains in neonatal resuscitation knowledge and skills.
A meta‐analysis of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation among women with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Li Jie , Yuan Hua , Chen Yang , Wu Hongbo , Wu Huimei , Li Liuming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundEvidence for the efficacy of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in improving ovarian responsiveness among poor responders, especially women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), remains inconsistent.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of DHEA in women with DOR undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Search strategyPubMed and Embase were searched for reports published in any language before October 31, 2014, using keywords such as “DHEA,” “poor ovarian response,” “diminished ovarian reserve,” and “premature ovarian aging.”Selection criteriaStudies that explored the effects of DHEA in women with DOR undergoing IVF/ICSI were included if they evaluated the number of oocytes retrieved and/or the rates of clinical pregnancy, implantation, and spontaneous abortion.Data collection and analysisRisk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, combined with subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Main resultsEight studies were included. The use of DHEA increased the clinical pregnancy rate (RR 2.13; 95% CI 1.12–4.08). Similar results were obtained in subgroup analyses including randomized controlled trials and case–control studies (RR 2.57; 95% CI 1.43–4.63) and self‐controlled studies (RR 3.95; 95% CI 1.28–12.19). However, the effects of DHEA on oocyte retrieval, implantation, and abortion were not significant.ConclusionsSupplementation with DHEA has a positive effect in women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment for DOR.
Factors associated with successful transabdominal sonography‐guided dilation and curettage for early cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Wu Xian‐Qing , Zhang Hong‐Wen , Fang Xiao‐Ling , Ding Hui , Piao Longzhu , Joseph Huang S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with successful transabdominal sonography‐guided dilation and curettage for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).MethodsIn a retrospective study, data were reviewed from patients who received transabdominal sonography‐guided dilation and curettage (TASDC) as the primary treatment for early CSP at The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China, between 2009 and 2013.ResultsAmong 232 patients, 185 (79.7%) women with CSP were successfully treated with TASDC. Among them, 81 (43.8%) required insertion of a Foley catheter into the lower uterine segment to stop bleeding. The complication rate was 37.9% (88/232) and the failure rate was 21.3% (47/232). Overall, 28 (12.1%), 5 (2.2%), and 4 (1.7%) patients with massive intraoperative uterine bleeding were treated with wedge resection of the uterus, hysterectomy, and uterine artery embolization as a secondary treatment, respectively. In binary logistic regression analysis, pregnancy of 7 weeks or less and pregnancy without missed abortion were associated with successful TASDC for patients with CSP (P < 0.001).ConclusionPregnancy of 7 weeks or less and pregnancy without missed abortion were found to be important factors for successful TASDC among patients with CSP. Wedge resection was the main secondary treatment to preserve the uterus and remove gestational tissue among patients with massive bleeding.
The pattern of amyloid accumulation in the brains of adults with Down syndrome
Authors: Annus Tiina , Wilson Liam R. , Hong Young T. , Acosta–Cabronero Julio , Fryer Tim D. , Cardenas–Blanco Arturo , Smith Robert , Boros Istvan , Coles Jonathan P. , Aigbirhio Franklin I. , Menon David K. , Zaman Shahid H. , Nestor Peter J. , Holland Anthony J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionAdults with Down syndrome (DS) invariably develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Understanding amyloid deposition in DS can yield crucial information about disease pathogenesis.MethodsForty‐nine adults with DS aged 25–65 underwent positron emission tomography with Pittsburgh compound–B (PIB). Regional PIB binding was assessed with respect to age, clinical, and cognitive status.ResultsAbnormal PIB binding became evident from 39 years, first in striatum followed by rostral prefrontal‐cingulo‐parietal regions, then caudal frontal, rostral temporal, primary sensorimotor and occipital, and finally parahippocampal cortex, thalamus, and amygdala. PIB binding was related to age, diagnostic status, and cognitive function.DiscussionPIB binding in DS, first appearing in striatum, began around age 40 and was strongly associated with dementia and cognitive decline. The absence of a substantial time lag between amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline contrasts to sporadic/familial AD and suggests this population's suitability for an amyloid primary prevention trial.
A National Faculty Development Needs Assessment in Emergency Medicine
Authors: Brown G. Mark , Lang Eddy , Patel Kamala , McRae Andrew , Chung Brian , Yoon Philip , Dong Sandy , Blouin Danielle , Sherbino Jonathan , Hicks Christopher , Bandiera Glen , Meyers Christine 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesEmergency physicians who work in academic settings enjoy an expanding number of roles beyond that of the skilled clinician. Faculty development (FD) encompasses the broad range of activities that institutions use to renew skill-sets and assist faculty members in these multiple roles. This study seeks to define the current FD needs and interests of Canadian academic emergency physicians (AEPs).MethodsAn online survey was administered to 943 AEPs in eight centers across Canada to determine their current FD activities, provide a detailed understanding of their FD needs and interests, elucidate the perceived barriers to and motivation for engaging in FD, and identify preferred methods of delivery for FD activities.ResultsThis national, cross-sectional survey was completed by 336 respondents. It shows that need for FD is universally high, particularly in traditional domains of scholarship, leadership and education (79%, 80%, 87% overall interest, respectively). However, the study also suggests that there is increasing need for FD in areas where current participation is lowest, namely research and social accountability (12% and 13% more interest, respectively). Senior and junior faculty evince equivalent overall FD interest (p>0.05), whereas female AEPs expressed greater overall FD needs in leadership (1.82 vs 1.44 activities,p=0.003) than males. Continued participation in FD activities is best promoted by offering relevant topics, at convenient times and locations.ConclusionsThis study reports the first comprehensive national FD needs assessment of Canadian academic emergency physicians.