bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction of leadership and personality among Chinese and American nascent entrepreneurs
Authors: Singer Luke , Millage Phil 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the intersection of leadership and personality among nascent entrepreneurs in China and the USA to further understanding and provide application of the personality traits of entrepreneurs and how that affects their leadership. The goal is to extend and deepen the comprehension of what makes entrepreneurs become entrepreneurs to improve fostering this powerful economic engine.Design/methodology/approachA sample was collected that comprised a total of 422 respondents, 58.8 percent male and 41.2 percent female. There were 209 surveys from the USA with a gender segmentation of 61.7 percent male and 38.3 percent female, and 213 responses from China with 55.9 percent male and 44.1 percent female. The Least Preferred Coworkers Scale was used to measure leadership and A Very Brief Measure of the Big 5 Personality Domains was used to measure personality in entrepreneurs.FindingsIn this paper, all of the “Big Five Personality” components were correlated to the Least Preferred Coworkers Scale. The significant correlations include LPCS with Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Emotional Stability, and Lack of Conscientiousness. Only one of the four correlations demonstrated a bi‐cultural significance which was Openness to Experience.Originality/valueThis paper adds to the limited research that can be found between cross cultural entrepreneurs. Value is added not just through the study of Least Preferred Coworkers Scale and The Very Brief Measure of the Big Five Personality Domains, but through the comparison between cultures at the intersection of leadership and personality. It also provides insight into how to develop nascent entrepreneurs in both countries founded in empirical data.
Accessing external knowledge by Chinese firms: a conceptual framework
Authors: Al‐Kwifi Osama , Ahmed Zafar U. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to introduce a conceptual framework for knowledge transfer between Chinese firms and universities around the world, based on a joint learning process. The transfer of knowledge is important to increase the innovative capabilities of Chinese firms by accessing more sources of new knowledge not available locally.Design/methodology/approachThe framework is derived from the resource‐based perspective. Its main characteristics are defined, and the required stages are explained. The framework stresses the dynamic relationship among all stages, and the active interaction between interorganizational and intraorganizational learning processes.FindingsHaving a suitable process for selecting a partner is the pre‐condition for achieving effective knowledge transfer between university and firm, because it determines similar capabilities and how both partners can enhance the requirements of each other. In addition, the joint learning experience between university and firm will be rewarding to a large extent if high transparency, collaborative intent, informal communication and organizational commitment are adopted as the basis for joint learning.Research limitations/implicationsThe study proposes a conceptual framework for knowledge transfer between Chinese firms and universities around the world, based on previous research in this domain. An empirical study will be beneficial to support this framework and to suggest needed modifications.Originality/valueThe study provides a greater understanding of the importance of a joint learning process between university and firm to support the innovative capacity of a firm. It emphasizes that the successful collaboration with a university can make a firm function as an external R&D hub.
Green organizational identity and green innovation
Authors: Chang Ching‐Hsun , Chen Yu‐Shan 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe authors aim to apply an “interpretive context – organizational action – outcome” framework to explore the positive effect of green organizational identity on green innovation performance. Besides, they would like to verify that both environmental commitment and environmental organizational legitimacy mediate between green organizational identity and green innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilize a hybrid research method that includes both questionnaire data and public data to test the hypotheses to satisfy the triangulation in methodology. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to perform the empirical research.FindingsThe results show that green organizational identity would positively affect green innovation performance. Moreover, green organizational identity could positively influence green innovation performance indirectly via environmental commitment and environmental organizational legitimacy. Firms should increase their green organizational identity, environmental commitment, and environmental organizational legitimacy to enhance their green innovation performance. Furthermore, the authors find out that green organizational identity, environmental commitment, environmental organizational legitimacy, and green innovation performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are lower than those of large enterprises in Taiwan.Originality/valueThe authors develop a research framework to explore the positive effect of green organizational identity on green innovation and explore the mediation effects of environmental commitment and environmental organizational legitimacy.
Examining the adoption of destination management systems
Authors: Sigala Marianna 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe study aims to adopt a multi‐stakeholder and inter‐organizational information systems (IOIS) approach for investigating the factors affecting the adoption of destination management systems (DMS) by various tourism stakeholders in Greece.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and focus groups were used for identifying and contextualizing the factors affecting the tourism stakeholders' decision to adopt DMS. In addition, a nationwide survey was conducted measuring the perceptions of various stakeholders in Greece about the factors influencing their DMS adoption.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that inter‐organizational and collaboration issues, secondary intra‐organizational and technological factors affect stakeholders' decision to adopt DMS. Significant different perceptions about the role and effectiveness of DMS were found between private and public tourism organizations, which highlight the need to manage the different (and sometimes conflicting) stakeholders' perceptions and interests.Research limitations/implicationsResearch can be conducted in different sectors to refine and test the findings about the factors influencing IOIS adoption in various social and environmental contexts. Future studies could also refine the findings by investigating not only the factors affecting the adoption of DMS but also the factors influencing their implementation and operations.Practical implicationsThe findings reveal important factors that need to be considered for influencing the stakeholders' decision to adopt IOIS and DMS in tourism. Specifically, the study highlights the need to address the adoption of DMS as a socio‐technical project that primarily emphasizes the management of stakeholders' relations, perceptions and interests. The findings also reveal the organizational and behavioural changes that are required in order to transform the management and increase the effectiveness of public DMS, which in turn can significantly increase the DMS adoption.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the tourism field by examining DMS from a multi‐stakeholder and IOIS approach. The study also contributes to the IOIS literature by contextualizing and providing evidence of IOIS results from the tourism industry, since contextualization is considered crucial for refining and enhancing the transferability of IOIS research. The study also further advances IOIS research by including and investigating the perceived importance of items about the social context of IOIS (i.e. interorganizational and collaboration issues) as explanatory factors of IOIS adoption.
Locus of control, socialization, and organizational identification
Authors: Lee Hung‐Wen 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate factors that influence employees' organizational identification. Focusing on the banking industry in Taiwan, this study aims to examine how locus of control and organizational socialization affect employees' organizational identification.Design/methodology/approachThe author borrows and modifies scales from the literature on locus of control, organizational socialization, and organizational identification to create a questionnaire that was translated into Chinese and distributed to bankers in Taiwan. The author analyzes reliability of the scales and performs regression analysis on hypothesized model relationships.FindingsSignificant positive relationships are found between locus of control and organizational socialization, locus of control and organizational identification, and organizational socialization and organizational identification. Organizational socialization has mediating influences on locus of control and organizational identification.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is a starting point in developing theory related to the relationships among locus of control, organizational socialization, and organizational identification. The research is based on data from Taiwan banking employees only and the sample was small (even though results were significant).Originality/valueThe research empirically demonstrates that locus of control influences organizational socialization and identification.
Socially responsible supply chains: power asymmetries and joint dependence
Authors: Ulstrup Hoejmose Stefan , Grosvold Johanne , Millington Andrew 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyse the role of relational power/dependent asymmetries and symmetries in shaping socially responsible supply chain management, whilst also examining how these issues are moderated by geographical distance between buyer and supplier.Design/methodology/approachThe study draws on data from 339 buyer‐supplier relationships, and the authors use a set of regression models to test their hypotheses.FindingsJoint dependency positively influences socially responsible supply chain management, whilst supplier power constrains it. Both joint dependency and buyer power become increasingly important determinants of socially responsible supply chain management as geographic distance increases.Research limitations/implicationsFurther work is needed to examine the conditions under which organisations will exercise their power advantage or their joint dependence position to improve socially responsible processes in the supply chain, as there may be situations where the buyer chooses not to exercise their power positions.Practical implicationsThe authors' results indicate that jointly dependent relationships create the best conditions for socially responsible supply chain management, but they also find that supplier power advantage can constrain such initiatives.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to systematically analyse the implementation of socially responsible supply chain management, within a model that considers power a/symmetric positions of the buyer‐supplier relationship, and the role of geographical distance as a moderating influence on these power positions.
Centralised supply chain planning at IKEA
Authors: Jonsson Patrik , Rudberg Martin , Holmberg Stefan 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the prerequisites and effects of centralised supply chain planning at IKEA, and to explore how the planning process, planning system, and planning organization make up a centralised planning approach.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a longitudinal case study of IKEA's implementation of global supply chain planning. The literature review generated a framework which identifies prerequisites for, approaches to, and the effects of and obstacles to centralised supply chain planning. This framework was used to analyse IKEA's supply chain planning before and after the implementation. Finally, the authors reflected upon the learning from IKEA and refined the framework.FindingsA number of prerequisites for centralised supply chain planning were identified: functional products, vertical integration, a dominating organization possessing the power and competence to enforce the implementation, and the use of one planning domain possessing all critical planning information. The direct effects of centralised supply chain planning were related to supply chain integration, standardisation, specialisation, and learning effects. Implementing centralised supply chain planning in an appropriate planning context led to several operational performance improvements. Obstacles were mainly related to human and organizational, as well as to software and data issues.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a first approach towards development of a framework of how to design, use and benefit from centralised supply chain planning. The developed conceptual model, which is refined through the case study, offers some generalizability in researching centralised supply chain planning.Practical implicationsThe findings show that centralised supply chain planning is a necessity for a large and growing, global supply chain striving for low‐cost production and efficiency.Originality/valueIKEA is a unique case with its supply chain characteristics and recently implemented planning concept.
An assessment of the integration of seaports into supply chains using a structural equation model
Authors: Woo Su‐Han , Pettit Stephen J. , Beresford Anthony K.C. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe changing role of seaports in supply chains has been the subject of extensive research in the recent literature. The strategic development of seaport terminals, responding to the need for closer integration into supply chains, invites a more detailed examination of the influence of the supply chain structures on seaport performance. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the effects of supply chain structures, especially the degree of integration of seaports into supply chains, on seaport performance.Design/methodology/approachThe parameters for a structural equation model were identified in the first instance from the supply chain and seaport operations and management literature. The structural equation model itself was then devised, and subsequently refined, using data from Korean seaport terminal operators, shipping companies and freight forwarding companies. The structural equation model was used to assess the level of supply chain integration of seaports and the relationship to port performance.FindingsThe results indicate that the integration of seaports into supply chains has a positive impact on both the effectiveness and the efficiency of seaport performance. In addition, antecedents to seaport supply chain integration are identified; these suggest that a strong orientation to supply chain integration within a port operating company enables the company to adopt and implement a strategy that integrates functions within the port and with other upstream and downstream organisations.Research limitations/implicationsAs the field data were geographically limited to one country, extending the findings of this study to other geographical areas may not be possible, although the approach taken, using the structural equation modelling technique, should be transferrable elsewhere. Cross‐validation of the model would widen its applicability to other areas. The paper provides a framework that allows other researchers to examine the level of integration of ports into supply chains.Practical implicationsThe potential benefits of closer integration of seaports into supply chains are shown with supply chain integration having a positive effect on port performance. Seaports which do not integrate with their supply chains have a lower level of performance. Thus, enhanced port performance accruing from closer integration would have positive implications both for port and terminal managers and for other supply chain participants.Originality/valueThis study, for the first time, empirically examines the impact of the integration into supply chains of seaports on their performance. This is achieved by the development of a structural equation model which is then tested in the field, thus extending the existing literature which is largely conceptual or descriptive.
Permafrost‐driven differences in habitat quality determine plant response to gall‐inducing mite herbivory
Authors: Patankar Rajit , Quinton William L. , Baltzer Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Canada's northern boreal forests are undergoing rapid change associated with warming trends, with permafrost thaw leading to increased forest stress and compositional changes in plant communities. Within this context, the influence of commonly occurring, resident natural enemies on plant species remains poorly understood. One of the dominant deciduous shrub genera, Betula, is abundant in northern forest–wetland landscapes, and is highly susceptible to leaf galling by mites, but the impacts of these specialist arthropod herbivores on plant‐level physiology remain unknown.

We examined the impacts of mite galling on a suite of ecophysiological traits in Betula glandulosa, a shrubby species commonly found on permafrost plateaus, bogs and fens in a boreal wetland–forest mosaic, and on two congeners, B. occidentalis and B. neoalaskana, found only on plateaus.

B. glandulosa leaves on plateaus showed marked declines in photosynthetic capacity [Amax], stomatal conductance [gs], and transpiration [E] in response to galling. However, B. glandulosa leaves in bogs and fens did not respond similarly, implying strong habitat‐related differences in response to galling herbivory. The impacts on plateaus were reinforced by similar responses of B. occidentalis and B. neoalaskana leaves to galling, and confirmed that on plateaus, galling appears to have significant negative effects on photosynthetic uptake. Moreover, carbon uptake in infested leaves showed photosynthetic declines even at low galling intensity. Interestingly, neighbouring nongalled leaves adjacent to galled ones showed similar declines in gas‐exchange rates in all the three species found on plateaus. However, reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration in galled and neighbour leaves did not affect whole plant water status, as we found no differences in either midday or diurnal stem water potentials between galled and gall‐free stems in any of the species.

Synthesis: Based on these findings, we suggest that the impacts of mite galling are variable, and are likely to be most pronounced in habitats and on individuals that are already exposed to abiotic stresses such as the cooler, but more variable soil temperatures experienced by individuals on permafrost plateaus. Furthermore, galling can potentially contribute to localized thaw processes in these environments via impacts on plant functioning.
Rhizosphere microbes facilitate redox homeostasis in Cicer arietinum against biotic stress
Authors: Singh A. , Jain A. , Sarma B.K. , Upadhyay R.S. , Singh H.B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the potentiality of three compatible rhizosphere microbes, viz. fluorescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PHU094), Trichoderma harzianum (THU0816) and Mesorhizobium sp. (RL091), in community to mobilise antioxidant mechanisms in chickpea under the challenge of Sclerotium rolfsii. The microbes were applied as seed treatment in different combinations in two sets and the pathogen was inoculated in one of the sets after 3 weeks of sowing. A comparative study was conducted on the effect of the microbial combinations on host antioxidant mechanisms between the two sets. In pathogen challenged plants host defence responses included higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at petiolar and interveinal regions of leaf and high activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPx) compared to unchallenged plants. The antioxidant enzyme activities increased 1.8‐3.3 and 1.9‐3.1 folds at 48 and 72 h, respectively, in the triple microbe treated challenged plants compared to unchallenged ones. Although, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was significantly low, ascorbic acid (AA) and chitinase accumulation was high in the pathogen challenged plants. Antioxidant flavonols associated with host defence namely myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol also accumulated in high amounts in pathogen challenged plants. Among the microbial treatments, the triple microbe combination induced the highest response in all parameters as compared to dual or single application of the same microbes. The triple microbe consortium modulated the chickpea antioxidant mechanisms more efficiently and modulation of oxidative stress was directly correlated with lower plant mortality, thus demonstrating the synergistic behaviour of the microbes in protecting chickpea from the pathogen.
Minimum intervention dentistry principles and objectives
Authors: Walsh LJ , Brostek AM 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMinimum intervention dentistry (MID) is the modern medical approach to the management of caries, utilizing caries risk assessment, and focusing on the early prevention and interception of disease. Moving the focus away from the restoration of teeth allows the dentist to achieve maximum intervention, with minimal invasive treatments. The four core principles of MID can be considered to be: (1) Recognition – early identification and assessment of potential caries risk factors through lifestyle analysis, saliva testing and using plaque diagnostic tests; (2) Reduction – to eliminate or minimize caries risk factors by altering diet and lifestyle habits and increasing the pH of the oral environment; (3) Regeneration – to arrest and reverse incipient lesions, using appropriate topical agents including fluorides and casein phosphopeptides‐amorphous calcium phosphates (CPP‐ACP); (4) Repair – when cavitation is present and surgical intervention is required, conservative caries removal is carried out to maximize the repair potential of the tooth and retain tooth structure. Bioactive materials are used to restore the tooth and promote internal healing of the dentine. Effective implementation of MID involves integrating each of these four elements into patient assessment and treatment planning. This review paper discusses the key principles of MID as a philosophy of patient care, and the practical objectives which flow into individual patient care.