bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are acute and chronic saltwater fish studies required for plant protection and biocidal product active substance risk assessment?
Authors: Wheeler James R. , Maynard Samuel K. , Crane Mark 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

The acute and chronic toxicity of chemicals to fish is routinely assessed using fish acute and early life stage (ELS) test results, usually with freshwater species. Under some regulations with certain substances, however, data on saltwater species may also be required. Evidence from earlier studies suggests that saltwater fish species are generally no more sensitive than freshwater species and that when they are more sensitive to a substance the difference in sensitivity is usually less than a factor of 10. However, most of these studies concentrated on acute lethal toxicity results for a wide range of substances and across a range of taxonomic groups. In the present study, the authors compare freshwater and saltwater acute median lethal concentration (LC50) and chronic ELS no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) results from standardized regulatory studies specifically for fish species exposed to the same plant protection or biocidal product active substances to determine the value of testing in both freshwater and saltwater fish. The results suggest that, in most cases, use of a freshwater fish 96-h LC50 or longer-term ELS NOEC should be sufficient to protect saltwater species. In a small number of cases (12%), saltwater ELS NOECs were more sensitive by a factor &gt;10, although differences in sensitivity were not consistent for this small number of substances when 96-h LC50 and longer-term ELS NOECs were compared. It is debatable whether such a low probability merits the additional animal use required to run saltwater fish tests, especially when onshore contaminants released to estuaries and coastal environments are likely to be diluted many-fold when compared with concentrations found in freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:703–707. © 2013 SETAC
An SPH model for free surface flows with moving rigid objects
Authors: Liu M.B. , Shao J.R. , Li H.Q. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents a computational model for free surface flows interacting with moving rigid bodies. The model is based on the SPH method, which is a popular meshfree, Lagrangian particle method and can naturally treat large flow deformation and moving features without any interface/surface capture or tracking algorithm. Fluid particles are used to model the free surface flows which are governed by Navier–Stokes equations, and solid particles are used to model the dynamic movement (translation and rotation) of moving rigid objects. The interaction of the neighboring fluid and solid particles renders the fluid–solid interaction and the non‐slip solid boundary conditions. The SPH method is improved with corrections on the SPH kernel and kernel gradients, enhancement of solid boundary condition, and implementation of Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence model. Three numerical examples including the water exit of a cylinder, the sinking of a submerged cylinder and the complicated motion of an elliptical cylinder near free surface are provided. The obtained numerical results show good agreement with results from other sources and clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented meshfree particle model in modeling free surface flows with moving objects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 2.5D micromagnetic modeling approach for magnetic domain and domain wall studies
Authors: Van de Wiele Ben , Vansteenkiste Arne , Van Waeyenberge Bartel , Dupré Luc , De Zutter Daniel 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYWe describe how a 2.5D approach can be successfully applied to micromagnetic simulations in which the magnetization dynamics is computed on the nanometer scale. In this approach, an infinitely long geometry is treated enabling a 2D spatial discretization. The material properties and field quantities are invariant in the infinite direction but retain their 3D vector character, safeguarding a correct physical description of the magnetization processes. As an example, we apply the 2.5D approach to investigate the equilibrium domain configurations and domain wall types encountered in infinite magnetic strips with varying cross‐sectional dimension (4D × D) and a varying uniaxial anisotropy strength Ku, imposed along the infinite direction. For each considered point in the parameter space D − Ku, the equilibrium state is computed by relaxing the micromagnetic system starting from four different initial magnetization states. On the basis of these simulations, we can distinguish three different regions, dominated by the anisotropic, magnetostatic, and exchange interactions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of the ROS‐scavenging system in salt‐stressed wheat plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Talaat Neveen B. , Shawky Bahaa T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough there is evidence for a positive involvement of the antioxidant defense system in plant response to salt stress, there is poor information regarding the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense in wheat under saline conditions. The present article focuses on the contribution of mycorrhizae to antioxidant defense in salt‐stressed wheat plants. Two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Sids 1 and Giza 168, were grown under nonsaline or two saline conditions (4.7 and 9.4 dS m–1) with and without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. Salt stress considerably decreased root colonization and plant productivity, particularly in Giza 168. Interestingly, mycorrhizal colonization alleviated the adverse effect of salt stress and significantly enhanced plant productivity, especially in Sids 1. The concentration of glycinebetaine, the activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) and the concentrations of antioxidant molecules (glutathione and ascorbate) were increased under saline conditions; these increases were more significant in salt‐stressed mycorrhizal plants, especially in Sids 1. Salt stress induced oxidative damage through increased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and hydrogen peroxide concentration, particularly in Giza 168. Mycorrhizal colonization altered plant physiology and significantly reduced oxidative damage. Elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be one of the mechanisms how AMF improve wheat adaptation to saline soils and increase its productivity.
Bone char as phosphorus fertilizer involved in cadmium immobilization in lettuce, wheat, and potato cropping
Authors: Siebers Nina , Godlinski Frauke , Leinweber Peter 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBone char is a potential clean and renewable P fertilizer with Cd‐immobilization capabilities, but the P–Cd interactions in cropping of vegetable, grain, and tuber crops are unknown. In the present pot experiment bone char was evaluated on its effect on the growth and P supply of various crops (lettuce, wheat, potatoes) as well as its capability to reduce the uptake of Cd from a moderately Cd‐contaminated and P‐deficient soil (soil 1) and a highly Cd‐contaminated soil with sufficient P supply (soil 2). When averaging the dry‐matter yield over the treatments for each crop for the P‐sufficient soil 1, the following order was obtained: triple superphosphate (TSP) > diammonium phosphate (DAP) > BC, whereas for the soil 2 with sufficient P supply it was inverted with BC > DAP > TSP. The P‐deficiency resulted in a more pronounced effect of TSP and DAP on the plant growth, whereas P sufficiency in the soil promoted a crop‐quality‐enhancing effect of bone char. The Cd concentration in the consumption‐relevant plant parts was mostly insignificantly affected by treatments; however, the total Cd concentration in the whole plants tended to decrease with fertilizer addition for all crops in soil 1 even at very low bone‐char application levels. Similar results were obtained for soil 2 with an exception for the Cd concentration in potatoes, as the total Cd concentration was significantly increased in the TSP and DAP treatments. This most likely results from the introduction of Cd with TSP and DAP as they contained ≈ 27–28 mg Cd kg–1. Thus, this study demonstrated the potential of bone char as a clean P fertilizer, which can efficiently decrease the Cd contamination of potato on contaminated soils.
Tephrochronology of the Toba tuffs: four primary glass populations define the 75‐ka Youngest Toba Tuff, northern Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: WESTGATE J. A. , PEARCE N. J. G. , PERKINS W. T. , PREECE S. J. , CHESNER C. A. , MUHAMMAD R. F. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFour primary glass populations, well defined by their Sr, Ba and Y concentrations, occur in the Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT), which was deposited during a supereruption of the Toba caldera complex in northern Sumatra 75 ka. Average concentrations of major and trace elements indicate a coherent, systematic variation of glass composition across populations. No clear pattern in the areal distribution of these four glass groups can be discerned. The multiple glass populations of the YTT easily distinguish it from the single homogeneous glass population of the Middle Toba Tuff (∼500 ka), as represented by its basal vitrophyre, and that of the Oldest Toba Tuff (∼800 ka), as represented by ash Layer D at the Ocean Drilling Program site 758 in the Indian Ocean.
Role of nasal packing in surgical outcome for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis
Authors: Verim Ayşegül , Şeneldir Lütfü , Naiboğlu Bariş , Karaca Çiğdem Tepe , Külekçi Semra , Toros Sema Zer , Oysu Çağatay 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze the differences between biodegradable and nondegradable nasal dressings with regard to their effects on wound healing in the short and medium term and on surgical outcomes in the long term, after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).Study DesignA prospective, randomized, partly blinded, controlled trial.MethodsA total of 56 patients undergoing bilateral ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis were enrolled and randomized to receive biodegradable (Nasopore; Stryker, Hamilton, ON, Canada) on one side and nondegradable packing (Merocel; Medtronic Xomed, Minneapolis, MN) on the opposite side. Postoperative morbidities (pain, bleeding, facial edema, nasal blockage) related to dressings were assessed on postoperative day 6. Wound healing (edema, crusting, secretions, synechia, granulation tissue formation, and percentage re‐epithelialization) were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months using modified Lund‐Kennedy scores. Long‐term assessment at 12 months was done using validated Lund‐Kennedy scores.ResultsMorbidities related to nondegradable packing were significantly higher than with degradable packing (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < .01). Pain, bleeding, nasal blockage, and facial edema were significantly less with absorbable packing. No statistically significant difference was found between sinonasal cavities packed with biodegradable or nondegradable materials with regard to healing scores and percentage of re‐epithelialization at 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and surgical outcomes at 1 year (P > .05). However, healing at 6 months was correlated with the preoperative Lund‐Mackay radiology and surgery scores (Spearman's rho correlation test, P < .05 and P < .01, respectively).ConclusionsNo significant healing or surgical outcome differences were found between biodegradable and nondegradable packing. However pain, bleeding, nasal blockage, and facial edema were lower with biodegradable packing.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 124:1529–1535, 2014
Easy Identification of Residues Involved on Structural Differences Between Nonphosphorylated and Phosphorylated CDK2Cyclin A Complexes Using Two‐Dimensional Networks
Authors: Riadi Gonzalo , Caballero Julio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe structures of proteins in Protein Data Bank (PDB) contain a lot of information that can be revealed through the use of tools to facilitate their organization and analysis. The increase in available structural data of nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated CDK2cyclin A (npCDK2cycA and pCDK2cycA) complexes has enabled a more realistic description of the fine structural details of the interface residues of these proteins. This work reports the application of two‐dimensional network representations (TDNRs) to the structures deposited in PDB to distinguish the differences in the surface between both complexes due to phosphorylation. As a result, a detailed map of the hydrogen bonds (HBs) and hydrophobic interactions between the T‐loop residues of CDK2 and the residues of cycA that are different among nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated complexes were described. In addition, we found some interesting subtle differences in the CDK2cycA interface between nonphosphorylated and phosphorylated complexes due to residues that are not located at the T‐loop of CDK2. We noted that some HB interactions in CDK2cycA complex are reinforced when the CDK2 is phosphorylated.
A collocation method based on reproducing kernel for a modified anomalous subdiffusion equation
Authors: Jiang Wei , Chen Zhong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this article, we proposed a collocation method based on reproducing kernels to solve a modified anomalous subdiffusion equation problem. We give constructively the ‐approximate of the equation whose coefficients are determined optimally by solving a system of linear equations. The final numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is simple, effective, and easy to implement. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 289–300, 2014
H2 ∕ H ∞  control for discrete TDS with application to networked control systems: Periodic and asynchronous communication
Authors: Orihuela L. , Millán P. , Vivas C. , Rubio F.R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the design of mixed H2 ∕ H ∞  controllers for discrete‐time delay systems and networked control systems. The controllers are obtained by solving a constrained optimization problem. Those constraints are suitably transformed into linear matrix inequalities, in such a way that the problem is solved using available algorithms. The stability is ensured resorting to the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theory. Additionally, the paper investigates an asynchronous event‐based sampling policy that allows a reduction of the bandwidth usage and the energy consumption. The relation between the boundedness of the stability region and the threshold that triggers the events is studied. The robustness and performance of the proposed technique is showed by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of psychology service utilization in a palliative care outpatient population
Authors: Azuero Casey , Allen Rebecca Sue , Kvale Elizabeth , Azuero Andres , Parmelee Patricia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveResearch has demonstrated that treating cancer patients' psychological and physical health leads to improved overall health. This may be especially true for palliative care patients facing serious illness. This study examines the proportion and determinants of psychology service utilization in an outpatient palliative care population.MethodsData from an existing clinical database in an outpatient palliative clinic utilizing a collaborative care model to deliver psychology services were explored. This study was framed by Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Service Use, which incorporates three main components: predisposing, enabling, and need factors to model health service utilization. The sample (N = 149) was majority middle aged, female, and White with a primary diagnosis of cancer. Cross‐tabulations were conducted to determine how many patients who met screening criteria for depression or anxiety sought psychology services. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess for predisposing, enabling, and need factor determinants of psychology service utilization.ResultsAmong patients who met criteria for moderate depression or anxiety, 50% did not access readily available psychology services. Enabling factors were the strongest determinant of psychology utilization. Factors associated with need for psychology services (i.e., emotional distress and psychological symptom burden) did not reach significance in determining psychology service use.ConclusionsThis study extends current knowledge about psychology utilization to palliative care outpatients receiving care within a collaborative care model. Directions for future research include further investigation of care models that optimize enabling strategies to enhance access to these services, and examination of patient‐reported barriers to receiving this care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The tensor track, III
Authors: Rivasseau V. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe provide an informal up‐to‐date review of the tensor track approach to quantum gravity. In a long introduction we describe in simple terms the motivations for this approach. Then the many recent advances are summarized, with emphasis on some points (Gromov‐Hausdorff limit, Loop vertex expansion, Osterwalder‐Schrader positivity...) which, while important for the tensor track program, are not detailed in the usual quantum gravity literature. We list open questions in the conclusion and provide a rather extended bibliography.
Low‐mobility‐pass filter between atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and electrospray ionization sources and a single quadrupole mass spectrometer: computational models and measurements
Authors: Menlyadiev Marlen R. , Tadjimukhamedov Fatkhulla Kh. , Tarassov Alexander , Wollnik Hermann , Eiceman Gary A. 
Published: November 2013

RATIONALEMixtures of ions produced in sources at atmospheric pressure, including chemical ionization (APCI) and electrospray ionization (ESI) can be simplified at or near ambient pressure using ion mobility based filters.METHODSA low‐mobility‐pass filter (LMPF) based on a simple mechanical design and simple electronic control was designed, modeled and tested with vapors of 2‐hexadecanone in an APCI source and with spray of peptide solutions in an ESI source. The LMPF geometry was planar and small (4 mm wide × 13 mm long) and electric control was through a symmetric waveform in low kHz with amplitude between 0 and 10 V.RESULTSComputational models established idealized performance for transmission efficiency of ions of several reduced mobility coefficients over the range of amplitudes and were matched by computed values from ion abundances in mass spectra. The filter exhibited a broad response function, equivalent to a Bode Plot in electronic filters, suggesting that ion filtering could be done in blocks ~50 m/z units wide.CONCLUSIONSThe benefit of this concept is that discrimination against ions of high mobility is controlled by only a single parameter: waveform amplitude at fixed frequency. The effective removal of high mobility ions, those of low mass‐to‐charge, can be beneficial for applications with ion‐trap‐based mass spectrometers to remove excessive levels of solvent or matrix ions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human resources retention and knowledge transfer in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Castro-Casal Carmen , Neira-Fontela Edelmira , Álvarez-Pérez M. Dolores 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMergers and acquisitions can be a mechanism used by firms to access innovative knowledge, including intellectual property, and to strengthen and expand their core capabilities. In the mergers and acquisition context, the creation of value depends on the transfer of capabilities and knowledge being carried out successfully during the post-acquisition integration process. The paper adopts this view. It examines the role of the top management and personnel who hold knowledge and skills linked to the capability of the acquired firm considered most valuable by the acquiring firm in the transfer of knowledge from the acquired firm to the acquiring firm. The paper also examines whether the impact of the retention of the acquired firm's high-value human resources (HVHR) on knowledge transfer is moderated by the degree of embeddedness of the knowledge to be transferred. Furthermore, the study identifies the factors that influence the retention of the acquired firm's HVHR. We tested the model using data from a sample of 57 domestic, related, friendly Spanish mergers and acquisitions belonging to a wide variety of industries. The results support the notion that the more embedded the knowledge, the greater the impact of the acquired firm's HVHR retention on the knowledge transfer. They also show that the autonomy granted to the acquired firm, the frequency of use of rich media among the personnel of both firms, and the acquired firm's pre-acquisition profitability are factors encouraging the acquired firm's HVHR to remain. The study contributes to the literature on knowledge transfer in mergers and acquisitions by highlighting the relevance of retention of the acquired firm's HVHR for knowledge transfer, as well as demonstrating the importance of taking into consideration the nature of the knowledge to be transferred. It also contributes to the literature on the implementation process in mergers and acquisitions by identifying factors available to managers to favor HVHR continuity in the acquiring firm or the one resulting from the merger.
When do firms implement corporate social responsibility? A study of the Spanish construction and real-estate sector
Authors: Cambra-Fierro Jesus , Wilson Alan , Polo-Redondo Yolanda , Fuster-Mur Ana , Lopez-Perez Maria Eugenia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine firms’ adoption of corporate social responsibility activities and the efficacy of such activities in specific contexts and industries. This paper analyses the specific context of the Spanish construction and real-estate industry. By using a longitudinal multi-case approach, the study suggests links between market orientation and corporate social responsibility. The research also identifies two profiles of firms. The first group, which is proactive (e.g., market oriented), demonstrate altruistic concerns about consumers and corporate social responsibility; for the second, which is more reactive, their concerns about corporate social responsibility are more opportunistic and aimed at attracting additional customers or responding to competitive pressures.
Outsourcing frontline functions and implications on customer-oriented behaviors: A case of a telecommunications company and its partners in South Korea
Authors: Song Chanhoo , Lee Sunhee , Lee Euehun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine whether outsourcing frontline functions warrants equivalent level of customer-orientated behaviors as provided by a principal organization, and, if not, what the causes of the differences are. A total of 753 frontline workers of a leading South Korean telecommunications company and its partner companies responded to a survey regarding their levels of customer-oriented behaviors, their supervisor's degree of customer orientation, and their organization's training on customer orientation. Structural equation models were then utilized to examine the proposed relationships. The results show that the frontline workers of the partner organizations have a significantly lower level of customer-oriented behaviors compared with those of the principal organization. The immediate supervisor's degree of customer orientation and customer-orientation training accounted for a significant amount of difference found between the principal and partner organizations.