bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying lake allochthonous organic carbon budgets using a simple equilibrium model
Authors: Hanson Paul C. , Buffam Ishi , Rusak James A. , Stanley Emily H. , Watras Carl 
Published: December 2013

We quantify the allochthonous organic carbon (OC) budgets for seven north temperate lakes, using diverse information about their land cover, hydrology, and limnological characteristics. We develop a simple equilibrium model within a Bayesian framework that exploits the differences among the lakes to estimate three key rates: aerial loading (AOC) and wetland loading (WOC) from adjacent ecosystems and whole‐lake mineralization of OC (RDOC). Combined with observational data, these rates allow for estimates of the total OC loads, mineralization, and sedimentation within lakes and export to downstream ecosystems. AOC was 1.15 g C m−1 (shoreline) d−1, WOC ranged from 0.72 to 3.00 g C m−1 (shoreline) d−1, and RDOC, normalized to 20°C, ranged from 0.00083 to 0.0015 d−1. Total loads ranged from about 5 to 55 g C m−2 yr−1. Ecosystems immediately adjacent to lakes accounted for one‐half or more of total OC loads for some lakes. Whether a lake processed and stored more allochthonous OC than it exported depended primarily on hydrologic residence time. Our equilibrium model provides a parsimonious approach to quantifying allochthonous OC budgets in lakes with relatively minimal baseline data.
Noninvasive Visualization of the Atrioventricular Conduction System Using Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Khoshknab Mirmilad , Zghaib Tarek , Xu Lingyu , Markman Timothy , Mavroudis Constantine , Desjardins Benoit , Nazarian Saman 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceNoninvasive localization of the compact atrioventricular node and the proximal specialized conduction system (AVCS) would enhance planning for transcatheter aortic valve and complex or congenital heart disease surgical procedures.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that preprocedure contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography (CECT) can accurately localize the AVCS by identification of the fat that insulates the conductive myocardium.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a prospective cohort study that took place at an academic tertiary care center. Included in the study were patients with CECT acquired less than 1 month before atrial fibrillation ablation and electroanatomic localization of the His electrogram signal on electroanatomic mapping (EAM) between January 2022 and January 2023.ExposuresPreprocedure CECT.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe distance from the His electrogram signal to the fat segmentation encompassing the AVCS on CECT, after registration of the images to EAM.ResultsAmong 20 patients (mean [SD] age, 66 [10] years; 15 male [75%]) in the cohort, the mean (SD) attenuation of the AVCS fat segmentation was 2.9 (21.5) Hounsfield units. The mean (SD) distance from the His electrogram to the closest AVCS fat voxel was 3.3 (1.6) mm.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that CECT could accurately localize the fatty tissue that insulates the AVCS from surrounding atrial and ventricular myocardium and may enhance the efficacy and safety of procedures targeting the conduction system and structures in its proximity.
Contribution of Clinical Trial Event Data by Data Source
Authors: Rymer Jennifer A. , Mulder Hillary , Wruck Lisa M. , Muñoz Daniel , Kripalani Sunil , Effron Mark B. , Gupta Kamal , Handberg Eileen , Jain Sandeep , Girotra Saket , Whittle Jeffrey , Hess Rachel , Benziger Catherine P. , Knowlton Kirk U. , Curtis Lesley H. , Roe Matthew T. , Hammill Bradley G. , Rothman Russell L. , Harrington Robert , Hernandez Adrian , Jones W. Schuyler 
Published: July 2024

ImportancePragmatic randomized clinical trials (RCTs) often use multiple data sources to examine clinical events, but the relative contribution of data sources to clinical end-point rates is understudied.ObjectiveTo assess the contribution of data sources (electronic health records [EHRs], public/private insurance claims, and/or participant-reported data) to clinical end points among ADAPTABLE participants who had available data.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe ADAPTABLE study was an open-label, pragmatic RCT from April 2016 through June 2019 conducted in research networks within clinical practice. Participants had existing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and available data to analyze. The characteristics of patients by combinations of data source availability were compared to examine the contribution of each of the data sources to end-point ascertainment. Data for this prespecified analysis were examined from January 2022 to June 2023.ExposuresRandomized exposure to 81 mg or 325 mg of aspirin daily.Main Outcomes and MeasuresNumber of events for the primary end point (composite of death, hospitalization for myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for stroke) that were contributed by EHR or claims data and then number of events contributed by each additional data source.ResultsOf 15 006 participants randomized with at least 1 other source of data available beyond participant-reported data, there were 8756 (58.3%) with participant-reported and EHR data; 4291 (28.6%) with participant-reported, EHR, and claims data; 1412 (9.4%) with EHR-only data; 262 (1.7%) with participant-reported and claims data; 202 (1.3%) with EHR and claims data; and 83 (0.6%) with claims-only data. Participants with EHR-only data were younger (median age, 63.7 years; IQR, 55.8-71.4) compared with the other groups (range, 65.6-71.9 years). Among participants with both EHR and claims data, with or without participant-reported data (n = 4493), for each outcome, most events (92%-100%) were identified in the EHR or in claims data. For all clinical end points, participant-reported data contributed less than 10% of events not otherwise available from claims or EHR data.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this analysis of a pragmatic RCT, claims and EHR data provided the most clinical end-point data when compared with participant-reported events. These findings provide a framework for collecting end points in pragmatic clinical trials. Further work is needed to understand the data source combinations that most effectively provide clinical end-point data in RCTs.
Social Isolation Changes and Long-Term Outcomes Among Older Adults
Authors: Lyu Chen , Siu Katherine , Xu Ian , Osman Iman , Zhong Judy 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceWhile the association between cross-sectional measures of social isolation and adverse health outcomes is well established, less is known about the association between changes in social isolation and health outcomes.ObjectiveTo assess changes of social isolation and mortality, physical function, cognitive function, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and stroke.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn a cohort design, social isolation changes in 4 years and subsequent risk of mortality and other outcomes were assessed using the 13 649 eligible Health and Retirement Study (HRS) respondents from the 2006 to 2020 waves. Data were analyzed from October 11, 2023, to April 26, 2024.ExposureThe main exposure was the change in social isolation measured by the Steptoe 5-item Social Isolation Index from the initial assessment to a second assessment conducted 4 years later. Participants were classified into decreased isolation, stable, or increased isolation groups, stratified by their baseline isolation status.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were mortality, self-reported dependencies in activities of daily living, Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease–related dementia, CVD, and stroke. Dementia, CVD, and stroke were assessed using HRS-linked Medicare records. Incidence rates (IRs) of each group were estimated and a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used, with inverse-probability treatment weighting to adjust for confounders.ResultsAmong 13 649 participants (mean [SD] age at baseline, 65.3 [9.5] years; 8011 [58.7%] women) isolated at baseline, those with increased isolation had higher mortality (n = 693; IR = 68.19; 95% CI, 60.89-76.36 per 1000 person-years) than those who were stable (n = 1796; IR = 44.02; 95% CI, 40.47-47.88 person-years) or had decreased isolation (n = 2067; IR = 37.77; 95% CI, 34.73-41.09 person-years) isolation. Increased isolation was associated with higher risks of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.51), disability (AHR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.67), and dementia (AHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93) compared with stable isolation. Similar findings were observed among socially nonisolated participants at baseline.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, increased isolation was associated with elevated risks of mortality, disability, and dementia, irrespective of baseline isolation status. These results underscore the importance of interventions targeting the prevention of increased isolation among older adults to mitigate its adverse effects on mortality, as well as physical and cognitive function decline.
A Bioinspired Photosensitizer Performs Tumor Thermoresistance Reversion to Optimize the Atraumatic Mild‐Hyperthermia Photothermal Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Li Jie , Yang Die , Lyu Wentao , Yuan Yan , Han Xiao , Yue Weiqing , Jiang Jian , Xiao Yingping , Fang Zhijie , Lu Xiaomei , Wang Wen , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMild‐hyperthermia photothermal therapy (mPTT) has therapeutic potential with minimized damage to normal tissues. However, the poorly vascularized tumor area severely hampers the penetration of photothermal agents (PTAs), resulting in their heterogeneous distribution and the subsequent heterogeneous local temperature during mPTT. The presence of regions below the therapeutic 42 °C threshold can lead to incomplete tumor ablation and potential recurrence. Additionally, tumor anti‐apoptosis and cytoprotection pathways, particularly activated thermoresistance, can nullify mild hyperthermia‐induced tumor damage. Therefore, a bioinspired photosensitizer decorated with leucine to form biomimetic nanoclusters (CP‐PLeu nanoparticles (NPs)) aimed at achieving rapid and homogeneous accumulation in tumors, is introduced. Moreover, CP‐PLeu exhibits photodynamic effects that reverse tumor thermoresistance and physiological repair mechanisms, thereby inhibiting tumor resistance to hyperthermia. With the addition of NIR‐II laser irradiation, CP‐PLeu optimizes the therapeutic efficacy of mPTT and contributes to a minimally invasive therapeutic process for breast cancer. This therapeutic strategy, utilizing a biomimetic photosensitizer for homogeneous distribution of therapeutic temperature and photoactivated reversal of tumor thermoresistance, successfully achieves efficient breast tumor inhibition through an atraumatic mPTT process.
Nonenzymatic H2O2 Sensor Based on an Antibacterial Hierarchical Polypyrrole Nanopillar/Silver Nanoparticle Array
Authors: Shang Xue , Chen Panpan , Ling Wei , Hang Tian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel synthesis strategy for hierarchical polypyrrole nanopillar/silver nanoparticle arrays is designed and its application as an antibacterial surface and nonenzymatic H2O2 sensor is explored. The hierarchical structure is fabricated using a microporous membrane‐templated method by multiple steps. Using a polypyrrole nanopillar array as the matrix, silver nanoparticles can be uniformly reduced and stably anchored onto the nanopillar array by a redox reaction in a AgNO3 solution. The morphology, structural characteristics, conductivity, and reaction mechanisms of the composites are studied in detail. The incorporation of Ag nanoparticles not only significantly enhanced the antibacterial activity of the surface, but also contributed to the excellent ability to detect H2O2. This work provides a versatile approach to achieve the controlled fabrication of hierarchical metal‐conducting polymer composite structures and demonstrates them as promising multifunctional interfaces with antibacterial and sensing activity.
CoFe2O4@N‐CNH as Bifunctional Hybrid Catalysts for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Yadav Sudheer Kumar , Deckenbach Daniel , Yadav Sandeep , Njel Christian , Trouillet Vanessa , Schneider Jörg J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImproving the efficiency of bifunctional electrocatalysts is a decisive challenge in the area of long‐lasting rechargeable zinc‐air batteries. Enhancing the catalysts' performance is crucial for advancing zinc‐air batteries. Transition‐metal oxides have emerged as promising non‐precious, noble‐metal‐free catalysts. Herein, a unique precursor directed approach is introduced for preparing a cobalt ferrite@nitrogen doped carbon nanohorns (CoFe2O4@N‐CNHs) nanohybrid catalyst in a single step annealing process involving stoichiometric amounts of single‐source cobalt and iron molecular precursors and carbon nanohorns (CNHs) under an argon/ammonia (Ar/NH3) atmosphere. This procedure enables a simultaneous CoFe2O4 ferrite synthesis and nitrogen functionalization of CNHs. The precious metal free nanohybrid CoFe2O4@N‐CNHs‐30% containing 30% of carbon presents an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) half wave potential and onset potential comparable to the standard ORR catalyst 20% Pt/C. CoFe2O4@N‐CNHs‐30% also establishes superior oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance with a low overpotential and a small Tafel slope than benchmark OER catalyst RuO2. Furthermore, the rechargeable zinc‐air battery with the CoFe2O4@N‐CNHs‐30% nanohybrid as air electrode demonstrates steadier and more durable charge–discharge cycles, and outstanding energy density relative to the state‐of‐the‐art 20% Pt/C‐RuO2 catalyst.
A Fundamental Correlative Spectroscopic Study on Li1‐xNiO2 and NaNiO2
Authors: Jacquet Quentin , Mozhzhukhina Nataliia , Gillespie Peter N.O. , Wittmann Gilles , Ramirez Lucia Perez , Capone Federico G. , Rueff Jean‐Pascal , Belin Stephanie , Dedryvère Rémi , Stievano Lorenzo , Matic Aleksandar , Suard Emmanuelle , Brookes Nicholas B. , Longo Alessandro , Prezzi Deborah , Lyonnard Sandrine , Iadecola Antonella 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe intricate relationship between local atomic arrangements and electronic states significantly influences the electrochemical properties of Li‐ion battery cathode materials. Despite decades of investigation, a consensus regarding the local atomic and electronic structure of LiNiO2 remains elusive. This ambiguity stems from the potential distortion of Ni sites, either via Jahn‐Teller (JT) distortion or bond disproportionation (BD), complicating the understanding of the charge compensation mechanism involving Ni and O. This study compares the structures of LiNiO2 and NaNiO2, a JT system, using an innovative approach that integrates bulk spectroscopy techniques on standardized interoperable samples for enhanced reliability. While X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations fail to differentiate between the proposed scenarios, Raman spectroscopy highlights local structural distinctions between monoclinic NaNiO2 and rhombohedral LiNiO2. HAXPES confirms various formal oxidation states for Ni, supported by RIXS data indicating 3d8 states, emphasizing negative charge transfer from Ni and some bond disproportionation in LiNiO2. Regarding charge compensation, XRS and RIXS suggest oxygen hole involvement in redox activity, whereas Raman spectroscopy does not detect molecular oxygen. This comprehensive spectroscopic analysis highlights the importance of correlative characterization workflows in elucidating complex structural‐electrochemical relationships.
Irrigated corn yield and soil phosphorus response to long‐term phosphorus fertilization
Authors: Balboa Guillermo Raul , Ferguson Richard , Puntel Laila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLong‐term experiments can help to understand soil phosphorus (P) dynamics and improve nutrient management strategies. This research evaluated long‐term (2002–2021) soil P dynamics and yield response to a range of P fertilizer rates in a continuous high‐yielding irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) experiment with low initial soil phosphorus test (SPT, 10.5 mg kg−1). The experiment was established near Clay Center, NE, and five P rates (0, 10, 20, 39, and 59 kg P ha−1) were evaluated. Soil samples at 20‐cm depth were collected in eight cropping seasons. Yield response to P fertilizer increased after 20 years from 0.64 to 2.79 Mg ha−1. The application of 39 kg P ha−1 year−1 increased soil Bray‐1 P to 19.5 mg kg−1, outyielded all other P treatments, and resulted in a positive relative P balance. Over 20 years, 0 kg P ha−1 year−1 decreased Bray‐1 P from 10.5 to 5.5 mg kg−1. Annual P rates of 0, 10, and 20 kg P ha−1 produced a negative relative P balance and SPT below the critical soil test value (CSTV). The CSTV was 22.2 mg kg−1 for a continuous irrigated corn cropping system. A 53% increase in the P fertilizer rate (from 39 to 59 kg P ha−1 year−1) produced a threefold increment in the soil test P build‐up rate. High‐yielding irrigated continuous corn production systems (>14 Mg ha−1) are required to apply at least 39 kg P ha−1 year−1 to maintain SPT and a positive relative P balance over years.
The steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator score is a useful indicator of recurrence and survival after initial curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Bekki Tomoaki , Ohira Masahiro , Imaoka Yuki , Hattori Minoru , Nakano Ryosuke , Sakai Hiroshi , Kuroda Shintaro , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ide Kentaro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Ohdan Hideki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsLiver fibrosis predisposes patients to liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Various markers, which can be calculated easily from serum parameters, have been reported to predict liver fibrosis accurately. This study investigated the prognostic factors, including blood‐based markers for liver fibrosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following initial curative hepatectomy.MethodsThis retrospective study included 407 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent initial curative hepatectomy between April 2010 and December 2017. We investigated prognosis‐associated variables in these patients.ResultsAmong the blood‐based markers for liver fibrosis examined in this study, the steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator score demonstrated the best predictive capabilities. This score was revealed as a poor prognostic factor for both overall survival and recurrence‐free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following initial curative hepatectomy. A high steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator score was independently associated with poor overall survival and recurrence‐free survival. After propensity score‐matching to minimize bias between high‐ and low‐steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator score groups, the high steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator score remained associated with poor overall survival and recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionsThe steatosis‐associated fibrosis estimator score is an independent predictor of long‐term prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma following initial curative hepatectomy.
Towards a Sustainable Future: Challenges and Opportunities for Early‐Career Chemists
Authors: Dobbelaar Emiel , Goher Shaimaa S. , Vidal Juliana L. , Obhi Nimrat K. , Felisilda Bren M. B. , Choo Yvonne S. L. , Ismail Hossny , Lee Hooi Ling , Nascimento Vanessa , Al Bakain Ramia , Ranasinghe Muhandiramge , Davids Bianca L. , Naim Arish , Offiong Nnanake‐Abasi , Borges João , John Torsten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe concepts of sustainability and sustainable chemistry have attracted increasing attention in recent years, being of great importance to the younger generation. In this Viewpoint Article, we share how early‐career chemists can contribute to the sustainable transformation of their discipline. We identify ways in which they can engage to catalyse action for change. This article does not attempt to answer questions about the most promising or pressing areas driving research and chemical innovation in the context of sustainability. Instead, we want to inspire and engage early‐career chemists in pursuing sustainable actions by showcasing opportunities in education, outreach and policymaking, research culture and publishing, while highlighting existing challenges and the complexity of the topic. We want to empower early‐career chemists by providing resources and ideas for engagement for a sustainable future globally. While the article focuses on students and early‐career chemists, it provides insights to further stimulate the engagement of scientists from diverse backgrounds.
Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of the Hylomecon japonica (Thunb.) Prantl & Kündig – A comprehensive Review
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Shi Peixin , Zhang Min , Han Na 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHylomecon japonica (Thunb.) Prantl & Kündig (Papaveraceae) has a rich history of traditional medicinal uses, particularly in the treatment of bruises, rheumatism, and various ailments. Recent studies have identified alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, and other compounds in the plant, all of which demonstrate significant pharmacological effects such as anti‐inflammatory and anti‐tumor properties. While currently valued for its use in wetland plant landscapes and as a garden design color enhancer, ongoing research on the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of Hylomecon japonica is uncovering its potential medical applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of extraction and separation methods, chemical components, and pharmacological activities of these compounds to further explore the medicinal potential of Hylomecon japonica.
Osteonecrosis of acetabulum following total hip arthroplasty: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zandi Reza , Talebi Shahin , Nodehi Saeed , Ehsani Akbar 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageDespite being rare, we have presented a case of osteonecrosis of acetabulum that followed total hip arthroplasty. It's crucial to act appropriately, as it emulates periprosthetic joint infection. The key point is that the osteonecrosis of acetabulum may necessitate revision and can be classified as aseptic loosening.AbstractOsteonecrosis of the femoral head is well known and managed with total hip arthroplasty (THA). Acetabulum osteonecrosis can be classified as a cause of painful THA and the cemented acetabular component is a feasible option. However, it seems that the osteonecrosis of acetabulum is sparsely alluded in literature. In this case report sustaining of the right hip pain following THA of 35‐year‐old woman is discussed.