bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of kinetic parameters of phenol degradation by bacteria isolated from activated sludge using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Heilbuth Nádia M. , Linardi Valter R. , Monteiro Andrea S. , da Rocha Roney A. , Mimim Luis A. , Santos Vera L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main objective of this study was to examine the growth and phenol degradation kinetic parameters for bacteria isolated from activated sludge that could register growth on phenol as high as 1410 mg L‐1.RESULTSPhenol‐degrading bacteria of the Alcaligenes, Providencia, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas genera were prevalent in the activated‐sludge tank. The degradation rate was affected by the phenol concentration; the B9‐1 and B8‐1 Alcaligenes faecalis strains showed rates of 0.037 and 0.038 g L‐1 h‐1 when exposed to up to 940 mg L‐1 phenol, respectively. The B6‐2, G1, and H1‐1 A. faecalis strains showed rates of 0.036, 0.042 and 0.036 g L‐1 h‐1, respectively, when exposed to up to 1128 mg L‐1, and Acinetobacter johnsonii D1 and A. faecalis D3 strains showed rates of 0.058 and 0.049 g L‐1 h‐1, respectively, when exposed to 1410 mg L‐1 phenol. The growth kinetic parameters adjusted by genetic algorithm (GA) and the Haldane equation ranged within μm = 0.12–0.55 h‐1, μmax = 0.07–0.29 h‐1, Ks = 25–483.8 mg L‐1, and Ki = 153.7–2582.6 mg L‐1.CONCLUSIONSThe high values of μmax, Ki, and YX/S adjusted by GA showed that the studied strains are able to tolerate and degrade higher phenol concentrations compared with levels reported for single bacterial strains. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of mineral nitrogen fertilizer forms on N2O emissions from arable soils in winter wheat production
Authors: Lebender Ulrike , Senbayram Mehmet , Lammel Joachim , Kuhlmann Hermann 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNitrogen fertilizers are supposed to be a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from arable soils. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of N forms on N2O emissions from arable fields cropped with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In three field trials in North‐West Germany (two trials in 2011/2012, one trial in 2012/2013), direct N2O emissions during a one‐year measurement period, starting after application of either urea, ammonium sulfate (AS) or calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), were compared at an application rate of 220 kg N ha−1. During the growth season (March to August) of winter wheat, N2O emission rates were significantly higher in all three field experiments and in all treatments receiving N fertilizer than from the non‐fertilized treatments (control). At two of the three sites, cumulative N2O emissions from N fertilizer decreased in the order of urea > AS > CAN, with emissions ranging from 522–617 g N ha−1 (0.24–0.28% of applied fertilizer) for urea, 368–554 g N ha−1 (0.17–0.25%) for AS, and 242–264 g N ha−1 (0.11–0.12%) for CAN during March to August. These results suggest that mineral nitrogen forms can differ in N2O emissions during the growth period of winter wheat. Strong variations in the seasonal dynamics of N2O emissions between sites were observed which could partly be related to weather events (e.g., precipitation). Between harvest and the following spring (post‐harvest period) no significant differences in N2O emissions between fertilized and non‐fertilized treatments were detected on two of three fields. Only on one site post‐harvest emissions from the AS treatment were significantly higher than all other fertilizer forms as well as compared to the control treatment. The cumulative one‐year emissions varied depending on fertilizer form across the three field sites from 0.05% to 0.51% with one exception at one field site (AS: 0.94%). The calculated overall fertilizer induced emission averaged for the three fields was 0.38% which was only about 1/3 of the IPCC default value of 1.0%.
Determination of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in aqueous soil matrices: A critical analysis of the 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate derivatization reaction and application to adsorption studies
Authors: Báez María E. , Fuentes Edwar , Espina María José , Espinoza Jeannette 
Published: August 2014

The assessment of the environmental fate of glyphosate and its degradation product (aminomethylphosphonic acid) is of great interest given the widespread use of the herbicide. Studies of adsorption–desorption and transport processes in soils require analytical methods with sensitivity, accuracy, and precision suitable for determining the analytes in aqueous equilibrium solutions of varied complexity. In this work, the effect of factors on the yield of the derivatization of both compounds with 9‐fluorenylmethyl chloroformate for applying in aqueous solutions derived from soils was evaluated through factorial experimental designs. Interference effects coming from background electrolytes and soil matrices were established. The whole method had a linear response up to 640 ng/mL (R2 > 0.999) under optimized conditions for high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Limits of detection were 0.6 and 0.4 ng/mL for glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 4.4% for glyphosate (20 ng/mL) and 5.9% for aminomethylphosphonic acid (10 ng/mL). Adsorption of compounds on four different soils was assessed. Isotherm data fitted well the Freundlich model (R2 > 0.97). Kf constants varied between 93 ± 3.1 and 2045 ± 157 for glyphosate and between 99 ± 4.1 and 1517 ± 56 (μg1‐1/n mL1/n g–1) for aminomethylphosphonic acid, showing the broad range of applicability of the proposed method.
Nanomaterial with Variable d‐Spacing Prepared from Self‐Assembly of Cleavable Triblock Polystyrene‐(S2)Poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)–Polystyrene
Authors: Chang Ruixue , Qin Jianglei 
Published: August 2014

Nanomaterial with variable d‐spacing is prepared by hydrolysis of a bulk self‐assembly with lamellar morphology. The bulk self‐assembly is prepared from a disulfide‐containing polystyrene–(S2)poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)–polystyrene (PS–(S2)PtBA–PS) triblock copolymer, which is polymerized via two‐step atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with a disulfide‐containing difunctional initiator. The results show that the PS–(S2)PtBA–PS with 47.6% weight fraction of PS bulk self‐assembles into ordered nanomaterial with lamellar morphology. As the morphology of the bulk material is fixed by glassy PS microdomains, the PtBA domains can be hydrolyzed to poly(acrylate acid) (PAA) domains in the bulk state of PS and then the d‐spacing can be regulated like an accordion by changing the environment of the material. Also, the hydrolyzed self‐assembly can be applied as a template to load nanoparticles in PAA microdomains to prepare layered inorganic/organic composites. The bulk material can be dispersed in methanol to form dispersed (multilayered) nanoplates by cleaving the disulfide bonds by tributylphosphine (Bu3P) reduction. Moreover, the ester bonds in the hydrolyzed bulk material can be cleaved by NaOH, and then water‐dispersed (multilayered) nanoplates with pH responsivity are obtained.
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Data Mining of Chemogenomics Data Using Bi‐Modal PLS Methods and Chemical Interpretation for Molecular Design
Authors: Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Funatsu Kimito 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChemogenomics is a new strategy in drug discovery for interrogating all molecules capable of interacting with all biological targets. Because of the almost infinite number of drug‐like organic molecules, bench‐based experimental chemogenomics methods are not generally feasible. Several in silico chemogenomics models have therefore been developed for high‐throughput screening of large numbers of drug candidate compounds and target proteins. In previous studies, we described two novel bi‐modal PLS approaches. These methods provide a significant advantage in that they enable direct connections to be made between biological activities and ligand and protein descriptors. In this special issue, we review these two PLS‐based approaches using two different chemogenomics datasets for illustration. We then compare the predictive and interpretive performance of the two methods using the same congeneric data set.
Multilevel preconditioning and low‐rank tensor iteration for space–time simultaneous discretizations of parabolic PDEs
Authors: Andreev Roman , Tobler Christine 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis paper addresses the solution of parabolic evolution equations simultaneously in space and time as may be of interest in, for example, optimal control problems constrained by such equations. As a model problem, we consider the heat equation posed on the unit cube in Euclidean space of moderately high dimension. An a priori stable minimal residual Petrov–Galerkin variational formulation of the heat equation in space–time results in a generalized least squares problem. This formulation admits a unique, quasi‐optimal solution in the natural space–time Hilbert space and serves as a basis for the development of space–time compressive solution algorithms. The solution of the heat equation is obtained by applying the conjugate gradient method to the normal equations of the generalized least squares problem. Starting from stable subspace splittings in space and in time, multilevel space–time preconditioners for the normal equations are derived. In order to reduce the complexity of the full space–time problem, all computations are performed in a compressed or sparse format called the hierarchical Tucker format, supposing that the input data are available in this format. In order to maintain sparsity, compression of the iterates within the hierarchical Tucker format is performed in each conjugate gradient iteration. Its application to vectors in the hierarchical Tucker format is detailed. Finally, numerical results in up to five spatial dimensions based on the recently developed htucker toolbox for MATLAB are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐resistance and baseline susceptibility of Mediterranean strains of Bemisia tabaci to cyantraniliprole
Authors: Grávalos Carolina , Fernández Esther , Belando Ana , Moreno Inmaculada , Ros Caridad , Bielza Pablo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius is a severe pest in many field and greenhouse crops worldwide and has developed resistance to insecticides from most chemical classes. The ease with which this pest develops resistance makes it essential to incorporate new compounds with different modes of action and no cross‐resistance with those previously used into insecticide resistance management strategies. To that end, the systemic effect of the new diamide cyantraniliprole was tested with multiresistant, selected and field populations of Q‐biotype B. tabaci from the Mediterranean area.RESULTSBioassays with multiresistant and laboratory‐selected populations indicated no cross‐resistance to cyantraniliprole in the B. tabaci strains exhibiting resistance to other insecticides. The LC50 values for nymphs from 14 field populations varied between 0.011 and 0.116 mg L−1, a 10.5‐fold natural variability. The LC50 values for adults from three strains ranged from 0.060 to 0.096 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONThese baseline data will be helpful for monitoring future potential shifts in susceptibility to cyantraniliprole in Mediterranean whitefly populations within an IRM programme. Cyantraniliprole may play an important role in mitigating insecticide resistance in B. tabaci because of its high efficacy and its lack of cross‐resistance to other insecticides, even in multiresistant Q‐biotype populations collected from a highly problematic insecticide resistance area. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduced gene expression levels of Munc13‐1 and additional components of the presynaptic exocytosis machinery upon conditional targeting of Vglut2 in the adolescent mouse
Authors: Rajagopalan Aparna , Schweizer Nadine , Nordenankar Karin , Nilufar Jahan Sultana , Emilsson Lina , Wallén‐Mackenzie Åsa 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPresynaptic proteins orchestrate an intricate interplay of dynamic interactions in order to regulate quantal exocytosis of transmitter‐filled vesicles, and their dysregulation might cause neurological and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. Mice carrying a spatiotemporal restriction in the expression of the Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2; aka Slc17a6) in the cortex, amygdala and hippocampal subiculum from the third postnatal week show a strong anxiolytic phenotype and certain behavioral correlates of schizophrenia. To further understand the molecular consequences of this targeted deletion of Vglut2, we performed an unbiased microarray analysis comparing gene expression levels in the subiculum of these conditional Vglut2 knockout mice (Vglut2f/f;CamKII cKO) to those in control littermates. Expression of Unc13C (Munc13‐3), a member of the Unc/Munc family, previously shown to be important for glutamatergic transmission, was identified to be significantly down‐regulated. Subsequent analysis by quantitative RT‐PCR revealed a 50% down‐regulation of Munc 13‐1, the gene encoding the Unc/Munc subtype described as an essential component in the majority of glutamtergic synapses in the hippocampus. Genes encoding additional components of the presynaptic machinery were also found regulated, including Rab3A, RIM1α, as well as Syntaxin1 and Synaptobrevin. Altered expression levels of these genes were further found in the amygdala and in the retrosplenial group of the cortex, additional regions in which Vglut2 was conditionally targeted. These findings suggest that expression levels of Vglut2 might be important for the maintenance of gene expression in the presynaptic machinery in the adult mouse brain. Synapse 68:624–633, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Cyathane Diterpenoids
Authors: Nakada Masahisa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA Personal Account describing the enantioselective total syntheses of cyathane diterpenoids achieved in the Nakada group. A convergent approach to the cyathane scaffold, the [5‐6‐7] tricyclic carbon skeleton commonly found in cyathane diterpenoids, has been developed using the catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation (CAIMCP) and baker's yeast reduction. This approach has been successfully applied for the enantioselective total syntheses of (+)‐allocyathin B2, (−)‐erinacine B, and (−)‐erinacine E. The total synthesis of (−)‐erinacine E has been achieved via the acyl group migratory intramolecular aldol reaction, which prevents the retro‐aldol reaction and allows the construction of the strained structure. The highly efficient and stereoselective total syntheses of (−)‐scabronines G, A, D, and (−)‐episcabronine A have been achieved via the oxidative dearomatization/inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction cascade. Cascade reactions comprising three and five consecutive reactions were employed for the highly efficient total syntheses of (−)‐scabronine A and (−)‐episcabronine A, respectively.
Uplink bit combining for multiple base‐stations MIMO with applications to CoMP systems
Authors: Leib Harry , Lin Wenjing 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis work considers a simple bit level combining technique, aided by robust bit reliability information, for uplink collaborating multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) base‐stations (also known as macrodiversity MIMO), operating over composite Rayleigh‐lognormal fading channels. Bit reliability weights based on a robust modification of the logarithmic likelihood ratio, combined with instantaneous symbol signal‐to‐noise ratio information, are derived for different local MIMO detection schemes. This bit reliability information is used at the fusion center, together with locally detected data, for combining and producing final information bits delivered to the destination. Computer simulation results confirm that such bit level combining techniques, when used with minimum mean squared error ordered successive interference cancelation and also with sphere decoding maximum likelihood local detectors, provide significant performance improvements over non‐collaborative base‐stations systems. Performance gains are maintained even when these schemes suffer from channel estimation errors and also in the presence of space correlation. Low backhaul overhead and performance advantages make these bit level combining techniques attractive for applications in next generation cellular systems employing coordinated multi‐point (CoMP) technology, as well as for other collaborative MIMO communication schemes.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of Repeat Laparoscopic Liver Resection Compared to the Primary Resection
Authors: Shelat V. G. , Serin K. , Samim M. , Besselink M. G. , Al Saati H. , Gioia P. Di , Pearce N. W. , Abu Hilal M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundRepeat laparoscopic liver resection (R‐LLR) can be technically challenging. Data on this topic are scarce and many investigators would question its feasibility and outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, oncological efficiency and outcomes of R‐LLR.MethodsWe reviewed a prospectively collected database of 403 patients undergoing 422 laparoscopic liver resections (LLRs) from August 2003 to August 2013. Data of 19 patients undergoing R‐LLR were analyzed and compared to the primary resection (P‐LLR) in these patients. Demographic and clinical data were studied. A subgroup analysis was done for minor resections.ResultsTwenty R‐LLRs were performed in 19 patients (female 58 %; mean age: 57.5 years; age range: 23–79 years). Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) were the commonest indication for R‐LLR (60 %), followed by neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLM) (20 %) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (10 %). The majority (90 %) of resections were for malignant disease (18/20). There were three conversions (15 %), and two patients developed complications (10 %). The operative time (p = 0.005) and blood loss (p = 0.03) were both significantly greater in R‐LLR compared to P‐LLR, whereas length of stay (median 4 days; p = 0.30) and complications (p = 0.58) did not differ between the groups. R0 resection rates for P‐LLR and R‐LLR were 95 and 90 %, respectively (p = 0.73).ConclusionsRepeat LLR is safe, feasible, and can be performed with minimal morbidity. It appears to be technically more challenging than P‐LLR, but without any increase in complications or length of hospital stay.
More green infrastructure is required to maintain ecosystem services under current trends in land-use change in Europe
Authors: Maes Joachim , Barbosa Ana , Baranzelli Claudia , Zulian Grazia , Batista e Silva Filipe , Vandecasteele Ine , Hiederer Roland , Liquete Camino , Paracchini Maria Luisa , Mubareka Sarah , Jacobs-Crisioni Chris , Castillo Carolina Perpiña , Lavalle Carlo 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Green infrastructure (GI), a network of nature, semi-natural areas and green space, delivers essential ecosystem services which underpin human well-being and quality of life. Maintaining ecosystem services through the development of GI is therefore increasingly recognized by policies as a strategy to cope with potentially changing conditions in the future. This paper assessed how current trends of land-use change have an impact on the aggregated provision of eight ecosystem services at the regional scale of the European Union, measured by the Total Ecosystem Services Index (TESI8). Moreover, the paper reports how further implementation of GI across Europe can help maintain ecosystem services at baseline levels. Current demographic, economic and agricultural trends, which affect land use, were derived from the so called Reference Scenario. This scenario is established by the European Commission to assess the impact of energy and climate policy up to 2050. Under the Reference Scenario, economic growth, coupled with the total population, stimulates increasing urban and industrial expansion. TESI8 is expected to decrease across Europe between 0 and 5 % by 2020 and between 10 and 15 % by 2050 relative to the base year 2010. Based on regression analysis, we estimated that every additional percent increase of the proportion of artificial land needs to be compensated with an increase of 2.2 % of land that qualifies as green infrastructure in order to maintain ecosystem services at 2010 levels.
FunMod: A Cytoscape Plugin for Identifying Functional Modules in Undirected Protein–Protein Networks
Authors: Natale Massimo , Benso Alfredo , Di Carlo Stefano , Ficarra Elisa 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The characterization of the interacting behaviors of complex biological systems is a primary objective in protein–protein network analysis and computational biology. In this paper we present FunMod, an innovative Cytoscape version 2.8 plugin that is able to mine undirected protein–protein networks and to infer sub-networks of interacting proteins intimately correlated with relevant biological pathways. This plugin may enable the discovery of new pathways involved in diseases. In order to describe the role of each protein within the relevant biological pathways, FunMod computes and scores three topological features of the identified sub-networks. By integrating the results from biological pathway clustering and topological network analysis, FunMod proved to be useful for the data interpretation and the generation of new hypotheses in two case studies.
Changes in the responsiveness of hypothalamic PK2 and PKR1 gene expression to fasting in developing male rats
Authors: Iwasa Takeshi , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Tungalagsuvd Altankhuu , Munkhzaya Munkhsaikhan , Kawami Takako , Yamasaki Mikio , Murakami Masahiro , Kato Takeshi , Kuwahara Akira , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: August 2014

AbstractProkineticin (PK2) and its receptors (PKRs) are expressed in several regions of the central nervous system, including the hypothalamus. It has been reported that PK2 inhibits food intake via PKR1 and that the hypothalamic PK2 mRNA levels of adult rodents were reduced by food deprivation. However, some hypothalamic factors do not exhibit sensitivity to undernutrition in the early neonatal period, but subsequently become sensitive to it during the neonatal to pre‐pubertal period. In this study, we investigated the changes in the sensitivity of hypothalamic PK2 and PKR1 mRNA expression to fasting during the developmental period in male rats. Under the fed conditions, the rats' hypothalamic PK2 and/or PKR1 mRNA levels were higher on postnatal day (PND) 10 than on PND20 or PND30. In addition, the hypothalamic PK2 and/or PKR1 mRNA levels of the male rats were higher than those of the females at all examined ages (PND10, 20, and 30). Hypothalamic PK2 mRNA expression was decreased by 24 h fasting at PND10 and 30, but not at PND20. In addition, hypothalamic PKR1 mRNA expression was decreased by 24 h fasting at PND10, but not at PND20 or 30. These results indicate that both PK2 and PKR1 are sensitive to nutritional status in male rats and that this sensitivity has already been established by the early neonatal period. It can be speculated that the PK2 system might compensate for the immaturity of other appetite regulatory factors in the early neonatal period.