bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to eat? The relationship between food security and food-related time use
Authors: Beatty Timothy KM , Nanney M Susie , Tuttle Charlotte 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesIn the present analysis, we seek to establish a relationship between time spent on food-related activities and food security status as well as between time spent on these activities and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly called the Food Stamp Program) participation and benefit level.DesignAfter matching similar households using Coarsened Exact Matching, we estimate the relationship between food-related time, food insecurity and SNAP participation and benefit level using a comprehensive data set that combines two subsets of the Current Population Survey from years 2004–2010: the Food Security Supplement and the American Time Use Survey.SettingCity, suburban and rural areas of the USA.SubjectsNon-institutionalized US population over the age of 15 years. Total sample size is 10 247 households.ResultsIn single households, food insecurity and SNAP participation are associated with 20 % more time in meal preparation and 13 % less time eating. Similarly, in married households, SNAP participation and benefit level are associated with 32 % less time in meal preparation while food insecurity is associated with 17 % less time eating and 14 % less time in grocery shopping.ConclusionsA significant relationship exists between time spent on food-related activities and food insecurity and SNAP. This implies that federal and state government may need to consider the time constraints many low-income households face when reforming food assistance programmes.
Dramen, in Musik gesetzt
Authors: Richter Christoph 
Published: January 2013

Der Begriff „Drama” umfasst ein weites Spektrum von Formen der Darstellung eines Geschehens, die sich in Gegenstand, Mitteln und vordergründigem Zweck der Darstellung unterscheiden. Gemeinsam ist ihnen jedoch das Potential, dem Menschen als Spiel im Sinne Hans-Georg Gadamers–als sich aus sich selbst ergebende Spielbewegung, als nachahmendes Spielen von etwas und als darstellendes Spiel für jemanden, der selbst zum Mitspieler, ja zum Gespielten wird–eine „Selbstbegegnung” zu ermöglichen. Musik kann als Drama verstanden werden, weil sie unmittelbar wirksam berührt und bewegt, Erfahren und Handeln als ein Gespieltwerden, das zur Selbstbegegnung wird, in Gang setzt. Dies gilt für Musik, die ein sprachliches Drama verstärkt und schon beinahe ersetzt, wie am Beispiel der Arie „Ach ich fühl’s, es ist verschwunden” aus Wolfgang Amadeus Mozarts „Zauberflöte” zu zeigen ist, ebenso wie für nicht sprachgebundene Musik. Beispiele hierfür sind die Dumka aus Antonin Dvořáks Streichquartett Es-Dur op. 51, die als Darstellung eines rein musikalischen Geschehens dramatische Potenz besitzt, und Alban Bergs Violinkonzert, das sowohl als musikalisches Drama aus vier sehr verschiedenen Akten, Situationen des Musizierens von Violine und Orchester, als auch–durch den Entstehungskontext begründet–lebensweltlich als Drama des entstehenden und nach vielerlei Begebenheiten zum Abschluss kommenden Lebens aufgefasst werden kann.
All‐digital PLL with ΔΣ DLL embedded TDC
Authors: Han Y. , Lin D. , Geng S. , Xu N. , Rhee W. , Oh T.‐Y. , Wang Z. 
Published: January 2013

An all‐digital PLL (ADPLL) which employs a ΔΣ delay‐locked loop (DLL) to achieve a PVT‐insensitive time resolution of the time‐to‐digital converter (TDC) as well as noise‐shaped dithering is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve spur reduction with slight degradation of in‐band phase noise. The 1.8 GHz ADPLL consumes 14.3 mW, while the TDC with the ΔΣ DLL consumes 2.1 mW.
Arsenic diffusion in boron‐doped germanium
Authors: Liu T. , Orlowski M. K. 
Published: January 2013

Arsenic (As) diffusion in germanium (Ge) has been studied by implanting As in a Ge substrate with high boron (B) background doping. The high hole density induced by the B doping suppresses negatively charged vacancies (V) in Ge. Under this condition, we have investigated the dependence of As diffusion on the dopant‐vacancy pairs As+V0 by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. After rapid thermal annealing at 600−750°C, the chemical profiles of As do not change in the highly B doped Ge. Experimental results suggest that the As+V0 pairs are not the diffusion vehicles of As in Ge. Activation energy of the As+V0 pairs has to be larger than 3.25 eV.
Improved matching criterion for frame rate upconversion with trilateral filtering
Authors: HoangVan X. , Ascenso J. , Pereira F. 
Published: January 2013

Frame rate upconversion (FRUC) is an important post‐processing technique to enhance the visual quality of low frame rate video. A major, recent advance in this area is FRUC based on trilateral filtering which novelty mainly derives from the combination of an edge‐based motion estimation block matching criterion with the trilateral filter. However, there is still room for improvement, notably towards reducing the size of the uncovered regions in the initial estimated frame, this means the estimated frame before trilateral filtering. In this context, proposed is an improved motion estimation block matching criterion where a combined luminance and edge error metric is weighted according to the motion vector components, notably to regularise the motion field. Experimental results confirm that significant improvements are achieved for the final interpolated frames, reaching PSNR gains up to 2.73 dB, on average, regarding recent alternative solutions, for video content with varied motion characteristics.
Weighted ensemble based on 0‐1 matrix decomposition
Authors: Mao Shasha , Xiong Lin , Jiao L.C. , Zhang Shuang , Chen Bo 
Published: January 2013

A simple effective ensemble method is proposed in which individual classifiers are combined with the weight coefficients obtained by decomposition for the 0‐1 matrix. The 0‐1 matrix is introduced to denote individual classifiers of the ensemble and is constructed based on the prediction labels of individuals and the true labels. The weight coefficients of individuals are obtained by singular value decomposition for the 0‐1 matrix based on linear mapping. In particular, the square of elements of the right singular vector corresponding to the maximum singular value are as the weight coefficients of individuals, and it is proved theoretically that it minimises the upper bound of ensemble error. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method improves the performance of classification compared against standard ensemble strategies.
Current‐reuse single Miller feedforward compensation for multi‐stage amplifiers
Authors: Zhang L. , Chang Z. , Wang Y. , Yu Z. 
Published: January 2013

Presented is a novel current‐reuse single Miller feedforward compensation (CRSMFC) scheme for multi‐stage operational amplifiers (opamps). The proposed scheme introduces an implicit feedforward path into an opamp by reusing the current of the input stage, which creates a left‐half‐plane zero to cancel out the first non‐dominant pole in the transfer function, thus improving phase margin and gain bandwidth product (GBW) without extra power consumption. A three‐stage opamp prototype with proposed CRSMFC is realised in standard 0.18 µm CMOS process, and measured results show that it achieves a GBW of 4.4 MHz and a phase margin of 73° while driving a large capacitive load of 250 pF with only 34 µW of power consumption, implying a superior FoM over the state‐of‐the‐art.
Power‐scaling properties of apertured microchip vertical external‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers
Authors: Vetter S.L. , Zhang Y. , Gu E. , Dawson M.D. , Calvez S. 
Published: January 2013

Presented is the power‐scaling characteristics of microchip vertical external‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers which include grating apertures for mode selection. Multi‐Watt multi‐lateral‐mode emission at a wavelength of 1060 nm is obtained with sub‐linear increase in maximum output power with aperture‐size. It is also shown that the polarisation is only set by the grating lines for high‐order modes which interact sufficiently with the grating.
Amplification method for crosstalk reduction in multi‐core fibre amplifier
Authors: Ono H. , Yamada M. , Takenaga K. , Matsuo S. , Abe Y. , Shikama K. , Takahashi T. 
Published: January 2013

Proposed is a multi‐core fibre amplification method that can reduce crosstalk, in which the optical amplified signals in two adjacent cores propagate in opposite directions. By employing the proposed method, confirmed is a crosstalk improvement of more than 4 dB using the outer six cores of a seven‐core erbium‐doped fibre.
Validation of a Predictive Model for Fish Tissue Mercury Concentrations
Authors: Sackett Dana K. , Aday D. Derek , Rice James A. , Cope W. Gregory 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn an effort to reconcile the extensive variability in fish tissue mercury (Hg) in North Carolina, we previously created a predictive model using data collected from 1990 to 2006. Our model identified four factors—fish trophic status, fish species, ecoregion, and water pH—that explained 81% of the variation in fish tissue Hg. Herein, we evaluate the performance of this model by using two independently collected data sets describing fish tissue Hg in North Carolina and Virginia. Our model explained 75% of the variation in independently collected tissue Hg data from North Carolina and 68% of the variation in data collected from the same ecoregion types in Virginia. Although the relationships were relatively strong, the model generally underestimated observed tissue Hg. Residual analysis indicated that at least some of the model bias was due to error in predictions for sites near (within 10 km of) coal‐fired power plants. The model was not significantly biased when sites near power plants were removed from the independent data set, suggesting that the model was best at predicting mean tissue Hg in adult fish collected from water bodies greater than 10 km from power plants; such sites constitute the majority of the landscape. Fortuitously, fish at sites near power plants have significantly less tissue Hg than fish at sites far from power plants and are therefore of less concern to public health officials. The validated model can serve as a fish tissue Hg screening tool for use by state and federal agencies because it was created to predict Hg levels in numerous species and systems, and it only requires data that are readily available or relatively simple and inexpensive to measure. Identification of specific systems that may have highly contaminated fish and would not otherwise be sampled due to limited resources will help to focus sampling and enhance efforts to protect fish consumers.
Computational phosphorylation site prediction in plants using random forests and organism-specific instance weights
Authors: Trost Brett , Kusalik Anthony 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Phosphorylation is the most important post-translational modification in eukaryotes. Although many computational phosphorylation site prediction tools exist for mammals, and a few were created specifically for Arabidopsis thaliana, none are currently available for other plants.
Results: In this article, we propose a novel random forest-based method called PHOSFER (PHOsphorylation Site FindER) for applying phosphorylation data from other organisms to enhance the accuracy of predictions in a target organism. As a test case, PHOSFER is applied to phosphorylation sites in soybean, and we show that it more accurately predicts soybean sites than both the existing Arabidopsis-specific predictors, and a simpler machine-learning scheme that uses only known phosphorylation sites and non-phosphorylation sites from soybean. In addition to soybean, PHOSFER will be extended to other organisms in the near future.
Availability: PHOSFER is available via a web interface at http://saphire.usask.ca.
Contact: brett.trost@usask.ca
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TACTICS, an interactive platform for customized high-content bioimaging analysis
Authors: Shimoni Raz , Pham Kim , Yassin Mohammed , Gu Min , Russell Sarah M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Summary: We describe a modular MATLAB® Toolbox named TACTICS for time-lapse image analysis that meets several requirements not generally offered by currently available software packages: (i) the ability to assess quality of extracted imaging information by directly linking data end points to the original position, (ii) massively parallel analysis of each parameter, for flow cytometry-like assessment of possible relationships between parameters within sub-populations of the images, (iii) options for user control of the tracking such as an interface to restrict the analysis region, (iv) manual correction of automated processes and (v) user interfaces for post-tracking analysis that is linked to the original images, including options to view cell pedigrees and normalized polarization ratios based on fluorescence ratiometric measurements.
Availability and implementation: We provide TACTICS source code as well as video tutorials, data sample and comprehensive user guide on the TACTICS toolbox website (http://www.tactics-toolbox.com). Installation of TACTICS requires MATLAB 7.6 (R2008a) with the presence of Image Processing Toolbox™ and Statistics Toolbox™.
Contact: sarah.russell@petermac.org.
Fishery management advice with ecosystem considerations
Authors: Lassen Hans , Pedersen Søren Anker , Frost Hans , Hoff Ayoe 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Lassen, H., Pedersen, S. A., Frost, H., and Hoff. A. 2013. Fishery management advice with ecosystem considerations. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 471–479. The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) includes four descriptors of Good Environmental Status (GES) which are affected by fishing activity. These descriptors are: biodiversity, fish stocks, foodweb, and seabed integrity. This paper shows how these descriptors can be related to variables within an ecological model and how an ecological model can be used to analyse whether the fishing pressure that is estimated based on bioeconomic criteria is within general sustainable limits. The paper presents an example of such an analysis of the Eastern Baltic cod fishery using two models: a bioeconomic model and an ecological model. The models are calibrated based on historic data. The mapping between the descriptors specified by MSFD and variables available for analysis in the models is incomplete, e.g. genetics and spatial structures are not included in the models. The models can be used strategically, providing a qualitative understanding of the anticipated relative changes.
Role and Interrelationship of Gα Protein, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Nitric Oxide in Ultraviolet B-Induced Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis Leaves
Authors: He Jun-Min , Ma Xian-Ge , Zhang Ying , Sun Tie-Feng , Xu Fei-Fei , Chen Yi-Ping , Liu Xiao , Yue Ming 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins have been shown to transmit ultraviolet B (UV-B) signals in mammalian cells, but whether they also transmit UV-B signals in plant cells is not clear. In this paper, we report that 0.5 W m−2 UV-B induces stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) by eliciting a cascade of intracellular signaling events including Gα protein, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO). UV-B triggered a significant increase in H2O2 or NO levels associated with stomatal closure in the wild type, but these effects were abolished in the single and double mutants of AtrbohD and AtrbohF or in the Nia1 mutants, respectively. Furthermore, we found that UV-B-mediated H2O2 and NO generation are regulated by GPA1, the Gα-subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. UV-B-dependent H2O2 and NO accumulation were nullified in gpa1 knockout mutants but enhanced by overexpression of a constitutively active form of GPA1 (cGα). In addition, exogenously applied H2O2 or NO rescued the defect in UV-B-mediated stomatal closure in gpa1 mutants, whereas cGα AtrbohD/AtrbohF and cGα nia1 constructs exhibited a similar response to AtrbohD/AtrbohF and Nia1, respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that Gα activation of NO production depends on H2O2. The mutants of AtrbohD and AtrbohF had impaired NO generation in response to UV-B, but UV-B-induced H2O2 accumulation was not impaired in Nia1. Moreover, exogenously applied NO rescued the defect in UV-B-mediated stomatal closure in the mutants of AtrbohD and AtrbohF. These findings establish a signaling pathway leading to UV-B-induced stomatal closure that involves GPA1-dependent activation of H2O2 production and subsequent Nia1-dependent NO accumulation.
Orchestration of Thiamin Biosynthesis and Central Metabolism by Combined Action of the Thiamin Pyrophosphate Riboswitch and the Circadian Clock in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bocobza Samuel E. , Malitsky Sergey , Araújo Wagner L. , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Meir Sagit , Shapira Michal , Fernie Alisdair R. , Aharoni Asaph 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Riboswitches are natural RNA elements that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by binding small molecules and thereby autonomously control intracellular levels of these metabolites. Although riboswitch-based mechanisms have been examined extensively, the integration of their activity with global physiology and metabolism has been largely overlooked. Here, we explored the regulation of thiamin biosynthesis and the consequences of thiamin pyrophosphate riboswitch deficiency on metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our results show that thiamin biosynthesis is largely regulated by the circadian clock via the activity of the THIAMIN C SYNTHASE (THIC ) promoter, while the riboswitch located at the 3′ untranslated region of this gene controls overall thiamin biosynthesis. Surprisingly, the results also indicate that the rate of thiamin biosynthesis directs the activity of thiamin-requiring enzymes and consecutively determines the rate of carbohydrate oxidation via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose-phosphate pathway. Our model suggests that in Arabidopsis, the THIC promoter and the thiamin-pyrophosphate riboswitch act simultaneously to tightly regulate thiamin biosynthesis in a circadian manner and consequently sense and control vital points of core cellular metabolism.
Organ Evolution in Angiosperms Driven by Correlated Divergences of Gene Sequences and Expression Patterns
Authors: Yang Ruolin , Wang Xiangfeng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe evolution of a species involves changes in its genome and its transcriptome. Divergence in expression patterns may be more important than divergence in sequences for determining phenotypic changes, particularly among closely related species. We examined the relationships between organ evolution, sequence evolution, and expression evolution in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa), and maize (Zea mays). We found correlated divergence of gene sequences and expression patterns, with distinct divergence rates that depend on the organ types in which a gene is expressed. For instance, genes specifically expressed in reproductive organs (i.e., stamen) evolve more quickly than those specifically expressed in vegetative organs (e.g., root). The different rates in organ evolution may be due to different degrees of functional constraint associated with the different physiological functions of plant organs. Additionally, the evolutionary rate of a gene sequence is correlated with the breadth of its expression in terms of the number of tissues, the number of coregulation modules, and the number of species in which the gene is expressed, as well as the number of genes with which it may interact. This linkage supports the hypothesis that constitutively expressed genes may experience higher levels of functional constraint accumulated from multiple tissues than do tissue-specific genes.
CME Information:Sexuality Education in North American Medical Schools: Current Status and Future Directions (CME)
Authors: Shindel Alan W. , Parish Sharon J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Both the general public and individual patients expect healthcare providers to be knowledgeable and approachable regarding sexual health. Despite this expectation there are no universal standards or expectations regarding the sexuality education of medical students.

Aims
To review the current state of the art in sexuality education for North American medical students and to articulate future directions for improvement.

Methods
Evaluation of: (i) peer-reviewed literature on sexuality education (focusing on undergraduate medical students); and (ii) recommendations for sexuality education from national and international public health organizations.

Main Outcome Measures
Current status and future innovations for sexual health education in North American medical schools.

Results
Although the importance of sexuality to patients is recognized, there is wide variation in both the quantity and quality of education on this topic in North American medical schools. Many sexual health education programs in medical schools are focused on prevention of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. Educational material on sexual function and dysfunction, female sexuality, abortion, and sexual minority groups is generally scant or absent. A number of novel interventions, many student initiated, have been implemented at various medical schools to improve the student's training in sexual health matters.

Conclusions
There is a tremendous opportunity to mold the next generation of healthcare providers to view healthy sexuality as a relevant patient concern. A comprehensive and uniform curriculum on human sexuality at the medical school level may substantially enhance the capacity of tomorrow's physicians to provide optimal care for their patients irrespective of gender, sexual orientation, and individual sexual mores/beliefs.
Fiscal Policy, Monetary Regimes and Current Account Dynamics
Authors: Herz Bernhard , Hohberger Stefan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor the individual European Monetary Union (EMU) members fiscal policy has gained in importance owing to the loss of monetary policy as an autonomous policy instrument. Based on a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with fiscal feedback rules, we analyze the dynamic macroeconomic response in particular of the current account under alternative exchange rate regimes. Our results indicate that entry into monetary union makes the economy more vulnerable to a productivity shock and leads to higher variability of the current account. For a risk premium shock, an entry into EMU implies lower variability of most macroeconomic variables, but a higher persistence in the adjustment process of the current account. For both shocks, a countercyclical fiscal response to the current account is more stabilizing for most macroeconomic variables than a conventional countercyclical response to output. Stabilizing the current account comes at the price of higher variability of output in the short‐run, however.