bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Implantation with Uninterrupted Dabigatran: Comparison to Uninterrupted Warfarin
Authors: JENNINGS JOHN M. , ROBICHAUX ROBERT , MCELDERRY H. THOMAS , PLUMB VANCE J. , GUNTER ALICIA , DOPPALAPUDI HARISH , OSORIO JOSE , YAMADA TAKUMI , KAY G. NEAL 
Published: June 2013

Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Implantation with Uninterrupted DabigatranBackgroundWhile continuation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) with warfarin may be preferable to interruption and bridging with heparin for patients undergoing cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation, it is uncertain whether the same strategy can be safely used with dabigatran.Objective and MethodsTo determine the risk of bleeding and thromboembolic complications associated with uninterrupted OAC during CIED implantation, replacement, or revision, the outcomes of patients receiving uninterrupted dabigatran (D) were compared to those receiving warfarin (W).ResultsD was administered the day of CIED implant in 48 patients (age 66 ± 12.4 years, 13 F and 35 M, 21 ICDs and 27 PMs), including new implant in 25 patients, replacement in 14 patients, and replacement plus lead revision in 9 patients. D was held the morning of the procedure in 14 patients (age 70 ± 11 years, 4 F and 10 M, 5 ICDs and 9 PMs). W was continued in 195 patients (age 60 ± 14.4 years, 54 F, and 141 M), including new implant in 122 patients, replacement in 33 patients, and replacement plus lead revision or upgrade in 40 patients. Bleeding complications occurred in 1 of 48 patients (2.1%) with uninterrupted dabigatran (a late pericardial effusion), 0 of 14 with interrupted D, and 9 of 195 patients (4.6%) on W (9 pocket hematomas), P = 0.69. Fifty percent of bleeding complications were associated with concomitant antiplatelet medications.ConclusionsThe incidence of bleeding complications is similar during CIED implantation with uninterrupted D or W. The risks are higher when OAC is combined with antiplatelet drugs.
Effect of a Person‐Centered Mouth Care Intervention on Care Processes and Outcomes in Three Nursing Homes
Authors: Sloane Philip D. , Zimmerman Sheryl , Chen Xi , Barrick Ann L. , Poole Patricia , Reed David , Mitchell Madeline , Cohen Lauren W. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo develop and test a person‐centered, evidence‐based mouth care program in nursing homes.DesignPre–post assessment, with an 8‐week intervention period and a pilot 6‐month extension at one site.SettingThree North Carolina nursing homes.ParticipantsNinety‐seven residents and six certified nursing assistants (CNAs).InterventionCNAs already working in the facilities were trained as dedicated mouth care aides. A psychologist and dental hygienist provided didactic and hands‐on training in evidence‐based mouth care products and techniques and in person‐centered behavioral care.MeasurementsPrimary outcome measures for natural teeth were the Plaque Index for Long‐Term Care (PI‐LTC) and Gingival Index for Long‐Term Care(GI‐LTC) and for dentures the Denture Plaque Index (DPI); a dentist unmasked to study design obtained measures. Secondary outcomes included quantity and quality of care provided.ResultsOutcome scores significantly improved (P < .001 for PI‐LTC and GI‐LTC; P = .04 for DPI). Coding of videotaped care episodes indicated that care was more thorough (P < .001–P = .03) but took more time (P < .001) after training. Consistency of care appeared to be more important for natural teeth than dentures.ConclusionAs little as 8 weeks of mouth care can significantly improve oral hygiene outcomes. Given the consequences of poor oral hygiene, greater attention to mouth care education and provision are merited. The dedicated worker model is controversial, and future work should assess whether other models of care are equally beneficial.
Nitric Oxide and Brassinosteroids Mediated Fungal Endophyte‐Induced Volatile Oil Production Through Protein Phosphorylation Pathways in Atractylodes lancea Plantlets
Authors: Ren Cheng‐Gang , Dai Chuan‐Chao 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFungal endophytes have been isolated from almost every plant, infecting their hosts without causing visible disease symptoms, and yet have still proved to be involved in plant secondary metabolites accumulation. To decipher the possible physiological mechanisms of the endophytic fungus–host interaction, the role of protein phosphorylation and the relationship between endophytic fungus‐induced kinase activity and nitric oxide (NO) and brassinolide (BL) in endophyte‐enhanced volatile oil accumulation in Atractylodes lancea plantlets were investigated using pharmacological and biochemical approaches. Inoculation with the endophytic fungus Gilmaniella sp. AL12 enhanced the activities of total protein phosphorylation, Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase, and volatile oil accumulation in A. lancea plantlets. The upregulation of protein kinase activity could be blocked by the BL inhibitor brassinazole. Furthermore, pretreatments with the NO‐specific scavenger cPTIO significantly reduced the increased activities of protein kinases in A. lancea plantlets inoculated with endophytic fungus. Pretreatments with different protein kinase inhibitors also reduced fungus‐induced NO production and volatile oil accumulation, but had barely no effect on the BL level. These data suggest that protein phosphorylation is required for endophyte‐induced volatile oil production in A. lancea plantlets, and that crosstalk between protein phosphorylation and the NO pathway may occur and act as a downstream signaling event of the BL pathway.
Notes from the Underground: Receptor‐Like Kinases in Arabidopsis Root Development
Authors: Wierzba Michael P. , Tax Frans E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDuring plant development, the frequency and context of cell division must be controlled, and cells must differentiate properly to perform their mature functions. In addition, stem cell niches need to be maintained as a reservoir for new cells. All of these processes require intercellular signaling, whether it is a cell relaying its position to other cells, or more mature cells signaling to the stem cell niche to regulate the rate of growth. Receptor‐like kinases have emerged as a major component in these diverse roles, especially within the Arabidopsis root. In this review, the functions of receptor‐like kinase signaling in regulating Arabidopsis root development will be examined in the areas of root apical meristem maintenance, regulation of epidermal cell fate, lateral root development and vascular differentiation.imageFrans E. Tax(Corresponding author)
Audit Probability versus Effectiveness: The Beckerian Approach Revisited
Authors: RABLEN MATTHEW D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Beckerian approach to tax compliance examines how a tax authority can maximize social welfare by trading‐off audit probability against the fine rate on undeclared tax. This paper offers an alternative examination of the privately optimal behavior of a tax authority tasked by government to maximize expected revenue. The tax authority is able to trade‐off audit probability against audit effectiveness, but takes the fine rate as fixed in the short run. I find that the tax authority's privately optimal audit strategy does not maximize voluntary compliance, and that voluntary compliance is nonmonotonic as a function of the tax authority's budget. Finally, the tax authority's privately optimal effective fine rate on undeclared tax does not exceed two at interior optima.
First Report of Frosty Mildew on Salix koreensis Caused by Mycopappus alni in Korea
Authors: Park Ji‐Hyun , Cho Sung‐Eun , Lee Sang‐ Hyun , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA frosty mildew was observed on leaves of Salix koreensis in two localities of Korea during 2011 and 2012. The main signs and symptoms were expressed as conical white to cream coloured tufts of the causal fungus on the brown lesions, followed by premature defoliation. Based on morphological observations, cultural characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of rDNA‐ITS, the fungus was identified as Mycopappus alni, which has been known to be associated with frosty mildews on Alnus spp., Betula spp., Crataegus chlorosarca and Pyrus pyrifolia. Pathogenicity test was conducted twice with the same results, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first case of Salix–Mycopappus association as well as the first report of frosty mildew on S. koreensis.
Nuclease A (Gbs0661), an extracellular nuclease of Streptococcus agalactiae, attacks the neutrophil extracellular traps and is needed for full virulence
Authors: Derré‐Bobillot Aurélie , Cortes‐Perez Naima G. , Yamamoto Yuji , Kharrat Pascale , Couvé Elizabeth , Da Cunha Violette , Decker Patrice , Boissier Marie‐Christophe , Escartin Frédéric , Cesselin Bénédicte , Langella Philippe , Bermúdez‐Humarán Luis G. , Gaudu Philippe 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMost bacteria of the genus Streptococcus are opportunistic pathogens, and some of them produce extracellular DNases, which may be important for virulence. Genome analyses of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) neonate isolate NEM316 revealed the presence of seven genes putatively encoding secreted DNases, although their functions, if any, are unknown. In this study, we observed that respiration growth of GBS led to the extracellular accumulation of a putative nuclease, identified as being encoded by the gbs0661 gene. When overproduced in Lactococcus lactis, the protein was found to be a divalent cation‐requiring, pH‐stable and heat‐stable nuclease that we named Nuclease A (NucA). Substitution of the histidine148 by alanine reduced nuclease activity of the GBS wild‐type strain, indicating that NucA is the major nuclease ex vivo. We determined that GBS is able to degrade the DNA matrix comprising the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). The nucAH148A mutant was impaired for this function, implicating NucA in the virulence of GBS. In vivo infection studies confirmed that NucA is required for full infection, as the mutant strain allowed increased bacterial clearance from lung tissue and decreased mortality in infected mice. These results show that NucA is involved in NET escape and is needed for full virulence.
Tree regeneration following drought‐ and insect‐induced mortality in piñon–juniper woodlands
Authors: Redmond Miranda D. , Barger Nichole N. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Widespread piñon (Pinus edulis) mortality occurred across the southwestern USA during 2002–2003 in response to drought and bark beetle infestations. Given the recent mortality and changes in regional climate over the past several decades, there is a keen interest in post‐mortality regeneration dynamics in piñon–juniper woodlands.

Here, we examined piñon and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) recruitment at 30 sites across southwestern Colorado, USA that spanned a gradient of adult piñon mortality levels (10–100%) to understand current regeneration dynamics.

Piñon and juniper recruitment was greater at sites with more tree and shrub cover. Piñon recruitment was more strongly facilitated than juniper recruitment by trees and shrubs. New (post‐mortality) piñon recruitment was negatively affected by recent mortality. However, mortality had no effect on piñon advanced regeneration (juveniles established pre‐mortality) and did not shift juvenile piñon dominance.

Our results highlight the importance of shrubs and juniper trees for the facilitation of piñon establishment and survival. Regardless of adult piñon mortality levels, areas with low tree and shrub cover may become increasingly juniper dominated as a result of the few suitable microsites for piñon establishment and survival. In areas with high piñon mortality and high tree and shrub cover, our results suggest that piñon is regenerating via advanced regeneration.
Association between severe eczema in children and multiple comorbid conditions and increased healthcare utilization
Authors: Silverberg Jonathan I. , Simpson Eric L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with multiple comorbid conditions, such as asthma and food allergy. We sought to determine the impact of eczema severity on the development of these disorders and other non‐atopic comorbidities in AD.MethodsWe used the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a prospective questionnaire‐based study of a nationally representative sample of 91,642 children aged 0–17 yr. Prevalence and severity of eczema, asthma, hay fever and food allergy, sleep impairment, healthcare utilization, recurrent ear infections, and visual and dental problems were determined.ResultsIn general, more severe eczema is correlated with poorer overall health, impaired sleep, and increased healthcare utilization, including seeing a specialist, compared with children with mild or moderate disease (Rao‐Scott chi‐squared test, p < 0.0001). Severe eczema was associated with a higher prevalence of comorbid chronic health disorders, including asthma, hay fever, and food allergies (p < 0.0001). In addition, the severity of eczema was directly related to the severity of the comorbidities. These associations remained significant in multivariate logistic regression models that included age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Severe eczema was also associated with recent dental problems, including bleeding gums (p < 0.0001), toothache (p = 0.0004), but not broken teeth (p = 0.04) or tooth decay (p = 0.13).ConclusionsThese data indicate that severe eczema is associated with multiple comorbid chronic health disorders, impaired overall health, and increased healthcare utilization. Further, these data suggest that children with eczema are at risk of decreased oral health. Future studies are warranted to verify this novel association.
Prevalence of confirmed IgE‐mediated food allergy among adolescents in Turkey
Authors: Kaya Ayşenur , Erkoçoğlu Mustafa , Civelek Ersoy , Çakır Banu , Kocabaş Can N. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundAlthough food allergy is an important health problem in Western countries, the prevalence varies among geographic regions. There is limited data on the prevalence of food allergy especially for adolescent age group, and the data from Turkey and Mediterranean region are even scarce.MethodsThe study is a cross‐sectional survey including a questionnaire followed by phone survey with families that have reported food allergy and clinical evaluation of children having a history compatible with food allergy after phone survey. The sample number of students has been calculated 9096 of a total of 210.000 students at the second stage (6th, 7th, and 8th grades) of state elementary schools in the metropolitan counties of Ankara province with the assumption of food allergy prevalence (P) = 1% and a δ value = 0.2 (α < 0.05, β = 0.8).ResultsOf 11,233 questionnaires distributed at 34 schools, 10,096 (89.4%) have been returned. The number of reported food allergy was 1139 (11.2%), and it was reduced to 133 (1.3%) after phone survey. After clinical evaluation by skin test, specific IgE and double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), proven IgE‐mediated food allergy was determined in 15 (0.15%) children. The foods most commonly resulting food allergy were peanut 0.05% and treenuts 0.05%.ConclusionThe prevalence of food allergy among adolescent age group has been confirmed to be comparatively low in Turkey. Peanuts and treenuts were determined to be the most common causes of IgE‐mediated food allergy.
Traditional Japanese medicine, Yokukansan, for the treatment of nocturnal enuresis in children
Authors: Ohtomo Yoshiyuki , Umino Daisuke , Takada Masaru , Niijima Shinichi , Fujinaga Shuichiro , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe major pathogenic factors involved in nocturnal enuresis are nocturnal polyuria, small bladder capacity and/or detrusor overactivity, and a high arousal threshold. Desmopressin is the first‐line therapy for the patients with diuresis‐dependent nocturnal enuresis. Yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, has been used in Japan to treat patients with nervousness, insomnia, and children with night terrors and temper tantrums. We experienced the positive effect of Yokukansan in some of the patients who did not respond well to desmopressin therapy.MethodsIn total, 32 children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with nocturnal polyuria were treated with oral desmopressin melt tablets, which were approved for clinical use in Japan on 29 May 2012. This treatment was effective for 14 of them. For the rest (n = 18), Yokukansan was introduced in combination with desmopressin.ResultsYokukansan was effective for 12 out of the 18 cases.Conclusions: Yokukansan should be a candidate for the medication of nocturnal enuresis.
Imitation of ‘bye‐bye’ in very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: Matsui Gakuyo , Ohtoshi Taro , Takada Satoshi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to clarify the development of imitation skills in very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants compared with full‐term infants with regard to the onset of ‘bye‐bye’.MethodsA total of 597 full‐term infants (age, 6–21 months) and 95 VLBW infants (corrected age, 6–21 months) participated in this study. The time at which the infants began to imitate bye‐bye and how they moved their hands were investigated by direct observations of their behaviors.ResultSome full‐term infants began to imitate bye‐bye at 9 months, and all full‐term infants could imitate bye‐bye by 16 months old. The imitation of bye‐bye was delayed in VLBW infants, but all of them could imitate it at 17 months old. Bye‐bye motions were divided into five types. The ‘moving wrist up and down’ motion was observed most frequently at the initial bye‐bye in both groups, but it was more frequent in VLBW infants at the early stage. The motion types changed with age, with the ‘palm facing others’ motion observed exclusively at 16 months in full‐term infants. All infants of both groups could imitate this type at 17 months old.ConclusionThe development of the ability to imitate bye‐bye was delayed in VLBW infants even after correction for gestational age. It was suspected that the fine motor development delay might contribute to the late appearance of bye‐bye in VLBW infants. Further follow‐up study is required to clarify the clinical significance.
Vasoactive–inotropic score after pediatric heart transplant: A marker of adverse outcome
Authors: Sanil Yamuna , Aggarwal Sanjeev 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVIS, a quantitative index of pressor support, has been shown to be a predictor of morbidity and mortality in infants younger than six months who underwent CPB. Data on its prognostic utility following pediatric OHT are lacking. This study compared clinical outcomes in children with differential VIS after pediatric OHT. A retrospective cohort study of 51 consecutive heart transplants from 2004 to 2011 was performed at a pediatric tertiary care facility. Peak VIS was computed within initial 24 and 48 h after OHT and was weighted for peak dose and administration of any or all of six pressors. Patients with peak VIS ≥ 15 constituted high VIS group. Children who persistently required a higher magnitude of pressor support for the first 48 h after OHT, as reflected by high peak VIS, had significantly longer ICU stay (30.2 vs. 15.9 days, p = 0.01), pressor (11.4 vs. 6.8 days, p = 0.02) and ventilatory durations (12.4 vs. 5.9 days, p = 0.05), and higher rates of short‐term morbidities. Patients with longer CPB (213 vs. 153 min, p = 0.005) time have higher peak VIS. High peak VIS at 48 h is an effective, yet simple clinical marker for adverse outcomes in pediatric OHT recipients.
Successful allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in a case of Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Tavil Betul , Erdem Arzu Yazal , Azik Fatih , Isik Pamir , Metin Ayse , Emir Suna , Uckan Duygu , Tunc Bahattin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWAS is a severe X‐linked recessive disorder characterized by microthrombocytopenia, eczema, and immunodeficiency. A six‐yr‐old boy with WAS diagnosed as B‐cell NHL (Stage III) localized in the liver who underwent successful HSCT from HLA‐one antigen mismatch sibling donor has been presented here. His conditioning regimen included ATG, busulfan, and fludarabine. He received 2.3 × 106/kg CD 34(+) stem cells and 11 × 108/kg nucleated cells at day 0. Neutrophil engraftment was achieved at day +14 and platelet engraftment at day +20. He has been in CR for more than two yr after transplantation. Thus, HSCT is an effective treatment for children with WAS even after development of lymphoma.
Imaging host–Leishmania interactions: significance in visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Forestier C.‐L. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryLeishmaniasis is a neglected disease that is associated with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from self‐healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections, which primarily depends on the parasite species. In visceral leishmaniasis (VL), as opposed to cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), parasites that infect host cells at the sand fly bite site have the striking ability to disseminate to visceral organs where they proliferate and persist for long periods of time. Imaging the dynamics of the host–Leishmania interaction in VL provides a powerful approach to understanding the mechanisms underlying host cell invasion, Leishmania dissemination and persistence within visceral organs and, to dissecting the immune responses to infection. Therefore, by allowing the visualization of the critical steps involved in the pathogenesis of VL, state‐of‐the‐art microscopy technologies have the great potential to aid in the identification of better intervention strategies for this devastating disease. In this review, we emphasize the current knowledge and the potential significance of imaging technologies in understanding the infection process of visceralizing Leishmania species. Then, we discuss how application of innovative microscopy technologies to the study of VL will provide rich opportunities for investigating host–parasite interactions at a previously unexplored level and elucidating visceral disease‐promoting mechanisms.
Reforming Property Rights Institutions in Developing Countries: CanFDIInflows Help?
Authors: Ganiou Mijiyawa Abdoul' 
Published: June 2013

This paper analyses factors that can facilitate property rights institutions reform in developing countries (DC). Inspired by the works ofNorth andWeingast (Journal ofEconomicHistory, 49, 1989, 803) andAcemoglu et al. (AmericanEconomicReview, 95, 2005a, 546; 2008) relating to the process of institutional reforms inEngland during the seventeenth century,Iassume thatFDIinflows could contribute to property rights reform inDCthat are initially endowed with a minimum of effective institutions of constraints on the executive (i.e. effective institutions of checks and balances). Using five‐year panel data over the period 1970–2005 with a sample of 80DC, and after correcting for endogeneity,Ifind that conditioned on the initial level of constraints on the executive, the effect ofFDIinflows on the probability of reforming property rights is positive and significant. The minimum level of constraints on the executive necessary for the catalytic role ofFDIinflows in reforming property rights institutions is 3.6. Only 20 out of the 80DCin the sample have this minimum level of constraints on the executive. Among the 20 countries five are in sub‐SaharanAfrica.