bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nordkapp Basin, Norway: Development Of Salt And Sediment Interplays For Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors: Lerche I. , Tarudbakken B.O. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Investigation of a particular salt diapir in the Nordkapp Basin, Barents Sea has revealed the following sequence of events:salt started to rise when approximately 1.5 k 0.3 km ofsedimentary cover was present (Carboniferous/Permian time);salt reached the sediment surface when about 3.5 + 0.7 km of sediment had been deposited (Triassic time);the mushroom cap on the salt stock top developed over a period of about 75-100 Ma (i.e, during the time when about another km of sediment had been deposited) (Triassic through Base Cretaceous time);the mushroom cap started to dip down significantly (- I km) into the sediments around Cretaceous to Tertiary erosion time;oil generation started in the deep sediments of the Carboniferous around the time that salt reached the surface (Triassic time) and continues to the present day at sedimentary depths between about 4 to 7 km (currently Triassic and deeper sediments);gas generation started around mushroom cap development time and continues to the present day at sedimentary depths greater than about 6-7 km.

Introduction
The estimation of hydrocarbon reserves and their likely locations in the Nordkapp Basin poses special problems because of the presence of many salt diapirs, which have tops close to the seafloor and also widespread mushroom salt caps, making seismic identification of underlying sedimentary beds difficult. Apart from a few, generally shallow, wells there is little direct down hole information in the Nordkapp Basin on sub-surface conditions, or petro physical properties. Information available is generally restricted to:regional seismic reflection profiles;gravity surveys;regional geologic background information (e.g. Dalland et al., 1988; Gabrielsen et al., 1990; Johansen et al., 1992).
Physical models (see e.g. Koyi, 1991) suggest the likely development of the basin, while numerical models provide measures of sediment fill, compaction, fluid-flow, and salt evolution in relation to basinal tectonic evolution.

Background Geological Information
Development of the Nordkapp Basin in relation to the largerBarents Sea picture has been addressed (e.g. Rannevik et al., 1982; Faleide et al., 1984; Jensen and Sorensen, 1988, 1992; Gabrielsen et al., 1990; Johansen et al., 1992; P. van Veen et al., 1992; Talbot et al., 1992; Richardson et al., 1992). The basin formed due to crustal extension during the Late Devonian (?) to Early Carboniferous and contains numerous diapirs of Carboniferous salt. Evaporite deposition in the Early Permian has also been suggested by Faleide et al. (1984), After formation, the basin and surrounding areas became tectonically stable and a carbonate platform developed regionally in the Late Carboniferous - Early Permian. From the Late Permian until the end of the Triassic large amounts of dominating tine-grained clastic sediments were deposited in the Nordkapp Basin.
Improvement in UOE Pipe Collapse Resistance by Thermal Aging
Authors: Al-Sharif A.M. , Preston R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A recent investigation has shown that the UOE pipe manufacturing process significantly degrades the collapse resistance of high strength line pipe. This paper assesses the degree of strength recovery that can be achieved by aging the pipe. An experimental investigation was performed in order to develop a quantitative relationship between time andtemperature of aging, which produces an increase in compressive yield strength with consequent increase in collapse resistance to external pressure loading.

Introduction
The mechanical properties of high strength large diameter, submerged-arc welded line pipe depend on its chemical composition and thermo-mechanical history, with the latter including the plate mill rolling practice and the cold deformation that occurs during the pipe forming and expansion operations. Pipe forming and expansion tend to induce material anisotropy which is a measure of the same property in different directions. Anisotropy is usually more pronounced in the plastic. The anisotropy is evident from the reduction in compressive yield strength in the hoop direction when the axial strength which is less affected by the pipe forming process. As can be seen Figure 1, the degree of anisotropy varies across the thickness, being more pronounced at the outside of the pipe wall. The differences shape between hoop and axial stress curves is also significant. For pipelines which buckle in the plastic range, such an anisotropy directly affects the collapse pressure.
A fill scale test program was completed in 1994 which investigated the collapse strength of UOE pipe. This test program was necessary because of the absence of previous experimental results for pipe of the size required for the Oman India Pipeline which will cross the Arabian Sea at depths if up to 3500 meters. This test program successfully evaluated the reduction in collapse strength manufacturing process and showed resulting the UOE that the loss of material compressive strength can be substantially after stress relieving the pipe by furnace heat treatment (typically 560°CA 10° C for one hour per inch thickness). However, this process is highly energy and time demanding and can produce detrimental effects on weld fracture toughness properties.
A thermal aging process was suggested by a leading pipe manufacturer as a possible alternative to full stress relief. This process requires far less time and energy than stress relief and offers the possibility of application into a continuous pipe manufacturing production line. The Oman India Pipeline project team decided to investigate the effective of thermal aging and therefore performed a study of the phenomenon which included a series of scale tests and small scale experiments.
A literature search revealed a good number of previous research efforts directed at material aging. However, generally these investigations into aging behavior have mainly been concerned with the negative impact that such aging has on the material mechanical properties, especially fracture toughness.
Basic Features of the Submerged Turret Production (STP) Concept
Authors: Aanesland V. , Skjåstad O. , Vinje T. , Major F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Submerged Turret Production (STP) system is a standardized and compact mooring and production system for FPSO applications. The system is applied in the development of the Lufeng oil field in the South China Sea. The system consists of a complete spread mooring system integrated with a STP Buoy, two risers and two umbilicals. When the Buoy is pulled into and locked to the mating cone the vessel is free to weather-vane. The STP Buoy can be disconnected from the FPSO and will then sink to an idle position of about 40 m below the water surface and the FPSO is free to leave the site.

Introduction
The Lufeng 22-1 oil field is being developed by Statoil as Operator, in partnership with the China National Offshore Oil Corporation, through its subsidiary, Nan Hai East Oil Corporation. The field is located in the South China Sea about 3 10 krn East-Southeast of Chivan in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The water depth in the area is about 330 m.
The economic life time of the field is stipulated to be 5 years. The STP Buoy is designed for a life of 15 years, where as the STP Mooring is designed for a life time of 7 years. The relative short life time of the Lufeng field motivates for a development based on a Subsea Production System (SPS) and a Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Vessel (FPSO). Off-loading shall be to Shuttle Tankers, Fig. I.
The field will have five horizontally completed subsea production wells. The reservoir requires artificial lift to produce fluids to the surface production facilities, and a booster pump system will be used. The crude oil will be lifted through two 7" (ID) flexible risers from the manifold to the STP Buoy. The power and control umbilicals for the booster pumps will be hanged off in the STP Buoy Turret.

Submerged Turret Production, STP
The Submerged Turret Production system, which is delivered by APL, comprises:One integrated Buoy hull and Turret structureA spread mooring system including buoyancy elementsand suction anchor
The STP Buoy is designed to ensure sufficient buoyancy to the disconnected system so that the Buoy will float at an idle position of about 40 m below the water surface, Fig.2. When connected to the mating cone of the FPSO, the Buoy will transfer the mooring forces from the turret to the FPSO, Fig.3. The Buoy will be tightly locked to the vessel and follow all the vessel motions. The cylindrical turret is free to rotate inside the Buoy hull and the mooring lines, risers and umbilicals are connected to the turret. Hence the FPSO is free to weather-vane depending on the environmental forces acting on the vessel and the mooring system.

STP Buoy
The buoyancy cone is divided into several independent buoyancy compartments, Fig 4. The compartments in the turret and buoy are made in order to reduce the risk for a critical loss of buoyancy in case of accidental impact on the buoy.
Une pratique féminine ?
Authors: Auger Manon 
Published: June 2014

Aujourd’hui, on associe volontiers la création d’une littérature intime aux femmes,
alors que, pourtant, le volume de journaux de femmes publiés est bien en-deçà de celui des
hommes. Par ailleurs, si de plus en plus de journaux écrits à diverses périodes trouvent
aujourd’hui des lieux de diffusion, nous donnant enfin accès aux pratiques des femmes,
certaines périodes, comme celle de l’entre-deux-guerres, demeurent encore dans l’ombre. Le
présent article se penche d’abord sur deux textes « mineurs » de la période, soit les
journaux de Marie-Claire Tremblay et de Léonise Valois, parus en extraits dans des
biographies consacrées à leur auteure. Porter un premier regard sur ces deux textes de
femmes publiés (et donc en quelque sorte sanctionnés) et les mettre en
rapport avec d’autres journaux, particulièrement ceux de Simone Routier, peut fournir
quelques pistes à une réflexion plus large sur l’évolution de la pratique diaristique
féminine au Québec. Certes, ces rares journaux ont des visées différentes, mais ils offrent
en contrepartie un regard complémentaire sur la pratique telle qu’on l’envisageait à
l’époque, tant du point de vue personnel que sur le plan institutionnel.
Les familles mixtes en Espagne : liens transnationaux et processus d’intégration
Authors: Roca Girona Jordi 
Published: June 2014

L’article aborde le phénomène récent et croissant des couples mixtes en Espagne. Il est centré sur ceux qui sont formés d’un homme espagnol et d’une femme étrangère, qui sont les plus nombreux. Il analyse, d’une part, les relations transnationales entre le couple et la famille d’origine du conjoint migrant, en tenant compte de la différence entre les situations des couples avec ou sans enfants et, d’autre part, certaines questions liées au processus d’intégration du conjoint migrant « par amour » dans la société de destination, en portant une attention toute particulière à l’importance des enfants dans ce processus.
Le bilinguisme en tant que moyen d’enrichir la relation transnationale de la famille franco-brésilienne
Authors: Dos Santos Silva Marta 
Published: June 2014

L’articulation du bilinguisme dans la construction identitaire des familles franco-brésiliennes est un phénomène impliquant des constructions stratégiques identifiables servant à maintenir la relation transnationale. La transmission de la langue portugaise aux enfants des couples franco-brésiliens serait le résultat de choix intentionnels selon le modèle de la « transplantation » de la femme brésilienne en France. Les résultats de nos entretiens sur le rapport qu’ont les mères brésiliennes à la biculturalité en général et au bilinguisme en particulier sont présentés à l’aide d’une typologie des formes de la transmission culturelle. En effet, le rapport à la biculturalité n’est pas uniforme : il dépend des trois régimes de conjugalité que nous dégageons dans cet article. Ainsi, la langue maternelle est considérée comme un héritage culturel, négocié dans le couple, et pouvant faire l’objet d’une valorisation, légitimée en fonction des référents culturels identitaires de ces familles mixtes.
Lien conjugal et représentations du chez-soi : la multiplicité et la mobilité comme éléments de construction identitaire
Authors: Therrien Catherine 
Published: June 2014

En explorant les différentes représentations du chez-soi des étrangers en couple mixte installés au Maroc, cet article poursuit l’objectif d’enrichir la réflexion sur la mouvance de l’identité contemporaine en répliquant aux métaphores du migrant et du nomade et ce, par une inversion métaphorique, celle du « home » (chez-soi). Cette métaphore, qui fait davantage écho à la construction identitaire des individus concernés par cette recherche, contribue à l’avancement d’une rupture épistémologique en introduisant l’idée d’attachement et de continuité dans les parcours de mobilité et de mixité. Cet article montrera en effet que le projet de construction de soi de ces individus n’est pas synonyme de déracinement, comme nous le dépeignent certaines métaphores postmodernes, mais qu’il réfère à des liens d’attachement mobiles et pluriels. Cet article montrera également que la multiplicité et la fluidité des représentations du chez-soi permettent à ces migrants en couple mixte de maintenir une continuité dans leur parcours de mobilité.
Rompre avec la norme en 1931
Authors: Lord Véronique 
Published: June 2014

Au Québec, dans les années 1930, l’idéologie dominante construit une image précise de la femme et lui impose un rôle qui lui laisse peu d’autonomie. Or, Dans les ombres, premier roman d’une jeune poète, Éva Senécal, s’écarte de la norme : il raconte comment une épouse s’éprend d’un Américain de passage, pose un regard critique sur l’idéologie traditionnelle et aspire à se définir et à agir selon des valeurs et des désirs véritablement siens. S’appuyant sur les principes et les théories de la critique littéraire au féminin, le présent article montre qu’en donnant à lire une héroïne qui défie les règles de conduite d’une épouse et qui veut s’affirmer sujet et agent de sa propre vie, de même qu’en rompant avec plusieurs normes en matière d’écriture, Senécal parvenait à mettre en relief une vision différente des femmes et de l’ordre établi.
Effectiveness of Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy for Managing Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Müller Axel , Franke Helge , Resch Karl-Ludwig , Fryer Gary 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Context: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common and often lifelong functional gastrointestinal disorder. There is a scarcity of effective management options for IBS.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMTh) for managing the symptoms of IBS.

Data Sources: Articles without language or publication-date restriction were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, PEDro, OSTMED.DR, and Osteopathic Research Web. Search terms included irritable bowel syndrome, IBS, functional colonic disease, colon irritable, osteopath*, osteopathic manipulation, osteopathic medicine, clinical trial, and randomized clinical trial. Experts in the field of visceral osteopathy were also contacted to identify additional studies.

Study Selection: The authors evaluated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of OMTh for IBS in adults in whom IBS was diagnosed using Rome (I-III) criteria. If OMTh was not the sole intervention in the intervention group and if the same additional interventions were not applied to the control group, the study was excluded.

Data Extraction: Citation identification, study selection, and data extraction were independently undertaken by 2 reviewers with a data extraction form from the Cochrane Collaboration. A consensus method was used to resolve disagreements concerning the assessment of the methodologic quality of the RCTs that were reviewed.

Results: The search identified 10 studies that examined OMTh for patients with IBS; 5 studies (204 patients) met the inclusion criteria. All studies were assessed as having low risk of bias according to the Cochrane Collaboration criteria, although there was heterogeneity in the outcome measures and control interventions. Three studies used visual analog scales for abdominal pain, whereas others used the IBS severity score and the Functional Bowel Disorder Severity Index. A variety of secondary outcomes were used. All studies reported more pronounced short-term improvements with OMTh compared with sham therapy or standard care only. These differences remained statistically significant after variable lengths of follow-up in 3 studies.

Conclusion: The present systematic review provides preliminary evidence that OMTh may be beneficial in the treatment of patients with IBS. However, caution is required in the interpretation of these findings because of the limited number of studies available and the small sample sizes.
From “Doctor of Osteopathy” to “Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine”: A Title Change in the Push for Equality
Authors: Gevitz Norman 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNationally, the California merger created great solidarity among osteopathic members of state and national osteopathic associations. They rebuffed further efforts at amalgamation and championed the continuation of the DO degree. Even after the American Medical Association (AMA) opened its doors to DOs to join local and state medical associations as well as the AMA itself and gave its blessing to them entering allopathic residency programs and becoming MD board certified, the DOs stood fast for their independence. Yet some across the country wanted to become known as MDs. A few osteopathic physicians even went to federal court to claim—unsuccessfully—that state medical boards' refusal to license them or allow them to identify themselves as MDs violated their constitutional rights under the 1st and 14th Amendments. In the mid-1990s, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) gave individual osteopathic medical colleges the option of indicating on their diplomas that the DO degree signified “Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine” rather than “Doctor of Osteopathy,” a change that paralleled previous AOA policy changes regarding appropriate professional language. Nevertheless, some DOs and particularly a sizable number of osteopathic medical students continued to write of their desire for a change in the degree osteopathic medical colleges awarded. However, in July 2008 the AOA House of Delegates unanimously reaffirmed its commitment to continuing the traditional DO degree.
Isolation, Culture, and Transfection of Melanocytes
Authors: Godwin Lauren S. , Castle Joanna T. , Kohli Jaskaren S. , Goff Philip S. , Cairney Claire J. , Keith W. Nicol , Sviderskaya Elena V. , Bennett Dorothy C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTLocated in the basal epidermis and hair follicles, melanocytes of the integument are responsible for its coloration through production of melanin pigments. Melanin is produced in lysosomal‐like organelles called melanosomes. In humans, this skin pigmentation acts as an ultraviolet radiation filter. Abnormalities in the division of melanocytes are quite common, with potentially oncogenic growth usually followed by cell senescence producing benign naevi (moles), or occasionally melanoma. Therefore, melanocytes are a useful model for studying melanoma, as well as pigmentation and organelle transport and the diseases affecting these mechanisms. This chapter focuses on the isolation, culture, and transfection of human and murine melanocytes. The first basic protocol describes the primary culture of melanocytes from human skin and the maintenance of growing cultures. The second basic protocol details the subculture and preparation of mouse keratinocyte feeder cells. The primary culture of melanocytes from mouse skin is described in the third basic protocol, and, lastly, the fourth basic protocol outlines a technique for transfecting melanocytes and melanoma cells. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 63:1.8.1‐1.8.20. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of midlatitude westerlies on the paleoproductivity at the Agulhas Bank slope during the penultimate glacial cycle: Evidence from coccolith Sr/Ca ratios
Authors: Mejía Luz María , Ziveri Patrizia , Cagnetti Marilisa , Bolton Clara , Zahn Rainer , Marino Gianluca , Martínez‐Méndez Gema , Stoll Heather 
Published: June 2014

AbstractModern primary productivity on the Agulhas Bank, off South Africa, has been proposed to be linked to the midlatitude westerlies. A paleoproductivity record from this area may therefore resolve temporal changes in the westerly dynamics. Accordingly, we produced a coccolith Sr/Ca‐based paleoproductivity record from core MD96‐2080 (Agulhas Bank slope) during the penultimate glacial‐interglacial cycle. Deriving the productivity signal from Sr/Ca requires a correction for a temperature effect, here constrained using Mg/Ca sea surface temperatures from the foraminifer Globigerina bulloides from core MD96‐2080. Phases of depressed productivity coincided with periods of stratification in the same core, indicated by high relative abundances of the coccolithophore Florisphaera profunda and with low relative abundances of the upwelling indicator G. bulloides in the nearby Cape Basin. These observations collectively suggest that productivity was regulated by upwelling throughout this region. We infer that, as in the present, periods of low productivity result from a more northerly position of the westerlies, potentially accompanied by subtropical front displacements, and blockage of upwelling promoting easterlies. Productivity minima also coincide with periods of increased ice‐rafted detritus (IRD) deposition on the Agulhas Plateau, which also indicates extreme northward positions of the westerlies. The influence of the westerlies appears to be obliquity conditioned, as productivity minima (and IRD maxima) occur during low‐obliquity intervals. The dynamic connection between productivity and the westerlies is supported by coeval salinity changes in the South Indian Gyre that likewise respond sensitively to a poleward contraction of the westerlies.