bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel heat transfer switch using the yield stress
Authors: Karimfazli I. , Frigaard I. A. , Wachs A. 
Published: October 2015

We explore the feasibility of a novel method for the regulation of heat transfer across a cavity, by using a controllable yield stress in order to suppress the convective heat transfer. Practically, this type of control can be actuated with electro-rheological or magneto-rheological fluids. We demonstrate that above a given critical yield stress value only static steady regimes are possible, i.e. a purely conductive unyielded fluid fills the cavity. We show that this limit is governed by a balance of yield stress and buoyancy stresses, here described by $B$. With proper formulation the critical state can be described as a function of the domain geometry, and is independent of other dimensionless flow parameters (Rayleigh number, $\mathit{Ra}$, and Prandtl number, $\mathit{Pr}$). On the theoretical side, we examine the conditional stability of the static regime. We derive conservative conditions on disturbance energy to ensure that perturbations from a static regime decay to zero. Assuming stability, we show that the kinetic energy of the perturbed field decays to zero in a finite time, and give estimates for the stopping time, $t_{0}$. This allows us to predict the response of the system in suppressing advective heat transfer. The unconditional stability is also considered for the first time, illustrating the role of yield stress. We focus on the hydrodynamic characteristics of Bingham fluids in transition between conductive and convective limits. We use computational simulations to resolve the Navier–Stokes and energy equations for different yield stresses, and for different imposed controls. We show that depending on the initial conditions, a yield stress less than the critical value can result in temporary arrest of the flow. The temperature then develops conductively until the fluid yields and the flow restarts. We provide estimates of the hydrodynamic timescales of the problem and examples of flow transitions. In total, the theoretical and computational results establish that this methodology is feasible as a control, at least from a hydrodynamic perspective.
Social Influence in the Housing Market
Authors: Pan Carrie H. , Pirinsky Christo A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe utilize the decennial U.S. Census to study social effects in housing consumption across 4 million households from 126 ethnic groups and 2,071 geographic locations in the United States. We find that the homeownership decisions within ethnic groups are locally correlated, after controlling for the homeownership rates within the group and the region. Social influence is stronger for younger, less educated, and lower-income individuals; immigrants; and Americans with ancestors from more unequal, uncertainty-avoiding, and collectivistic cultures. Our results suggest that both status and information considerations play an important role in the social comparison process in capital markets.
Conservation of snow leopards: spill-over benefits for other carnivores?
Authors: Alexander Justine S. , Cusack Jeremy J. , Pengju Chen , Kun Shi , Riordan Philip 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn high-altitude settings of Central Asia the Endangered snow leopard Panthera uncia has been recognized as a potential umbrella species. As a first step in assessing the potential benefits of snow leopard conservation for other carnivores, we sought a better understanding of the presence of other carnivores in areas occupied by snow leopards in China's Qilianshan National Nature Reserve. We used camera-trap and sign surveys to examine whether other carnivores were using the same travel routes as snow leopards at two spatial scales. We also considered temporal interactions between species. Our results confirm that other carnivores, including the red fox Vulpes vulpes, grey wolf Canis lupus, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx and dhole Cuon alpinus, occur along snow leopard travel routes, albeit with low detection rates. Even at the smaller scale of our camera trap survey all five carnivores (snow leopard, lynx, wolf, red fox and dhole) were observed. Kernel density estimates suggested a high degree of temporal overlap between the snow leopard and the fox, and the snow leopard and the lynx, as indicated by high overlap coefficient estimates. There is an opportunity to consider protective measures at the local scale that would benefit various species simultaneously. However, it should also be recognized that snow leopard conservation efforts could exacerbate human–wildlife conflicts through their protective effect on other carnivore species.
Randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy compared to a discussion group for co-morbid anxiety and depression in older adults
Authors: Wuthrich V. M. , Rapee R. M. , Kangas M. , Perini S. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundCo-morbid anxiety and depression in older adults is associated with worse physical and mental health outcomes and poorer response to psychological and pharmacological treatments in older adults. However, there is a paucity of research focused on testing the efficacy of the co-morbid treatment of anxiety and depression in older adults using psychological interventions. Accordingly, the primary objective of the current study was to test the effects of a group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program in treating co-morbid anxiety and depression in a sample of older age adults.MethodA total of 133 community-dwelling participants aged ⩾60 years (mean age = 67.35, s.d. = 5.44, male = 59) with both an anxiety disorder and unipolar mood disorder, as assessed on the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule (ADIS), were randomly allocated to an 11-week CBT group or discussion group. Participants with Mini-Mental State Examination scores <26 were excluded. Participants were assessed pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 6 months follow-up on the ADIS, a brief measure of well-being, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory and Geriatric Depression Scale.ResultsBoth conditions resulted in significant improvements over time on all diagnostic, symptom and wellbeing measures. Significant group × time interaction effects emerged at post-treatment only for diagnostic severity of the primary disorder, mean severity of all anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and all disorders, and recovery rates on primary disorder.ConclusionGroup CBT produced faster and sustained improvements in anxiety and depression on diagnostic severity and recovery rates compared to an active control in older adults.
Who are gynandromorphophilic men? Characterizing men with sexual interest in transgender women
Authors: Hsu K. J. , Rosenthal A. M. , Miller D. I. , Bailey J. M. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundGynandromorphophilia (GAMP) is sexual interest in gynandromorphs (GAMs; colloquially, shemales). GAMs possess a combination of male and female physical characteristics. Thus, GAMP presents a challenge to conventional understandings of sexual orientation as sexual attraction to the male v. female form. Speculation about GAMP men has included the ideas that they are homosexual, heterosexual, or especially, bisexual.MethodWe compared genital and subjective sexual arousal patterns of GAMP men with those of heterosexual and homosexual men. We also compared these groups on their self-ratings of sexual orientation and sexual interests.ResultsGAMP men had arousal patterns similar to those of heterosexual men and different from those of homosexual men. However, compared to heterosexual men, GAMP men were relatively more aroused by GAM erotic stimuli than by female erotic stimuli. GAMP men also scored higher than both heterosexual and homosexual men on a measure of autogynephilia.ConclusionsResults provide clear evidence that GAMP men are not homosexual. They also indicate that GAMP men are especially likely to eroticize the idea of being a woman.
Lifecourse transitions, gender and drinking in later life
Authors: HOLDSWORTH CLARE , FRISHER MARTIN , MENDONÇA MARINA , DE OLIVEIRIA CESAR , PIKHART HYNEK , SHELTON NICOLA 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTOlder people consume less alcohol than any other adult age group. However, in recent years survey data on alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom have shown that while younger age groups have experienced a decline in alcohol consumption, drinking behaviours among the elderly have not reduced in the same way. This paper uses data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing to analyse both the frequency and quantity of older adult's alcohol consumption using a lifecourse approach over a ten-year period. Overall drinking declined over time and the analysis examined how socio-economic characteristics, partnership, employment and health statuses were associated with differences in drinking behaviours and how these changed over time. Higher wealth and level of education were associated with drinking more and drinking more frequently for men and women. Poorer self-rated health was associated with less frequent consumption and older people with poor and deteriorating health reported a steeper decline in the frequency of alcohol consumption over time. Men who were not in a partnership drank more than other men. For women, loss of a partner was associated with a steeper decline in drinking behaviours. These findings have implications for programmes to promote responsible drinking among older adults as they suggest that, for the most part, characteristics associated with sustaining wellbeing in later life are also linked to consuming more alcohol.
Positive definite *-spherical functions, property (T) and C*-completions of Gelfand pairs
Authors: LARSEN NADIA S. , PALMA RUI 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe study of existence of a universal C*-completion of the *-algebra canonically associated to a Hecke pair was initiated by Hall, who proved that the Hecke algebra associated to (SL2($\mathbb{Q}$p), SL2($\mathbb{Z}$p)) does not admit a universal C*-completion. Kaliszewski, Landstad and Quigg studied the problem by placing it in the framework of Fell–Rieffel equivalence, and highlighted the role of other C*-completions. In the case of the pair (SLn($\mathbb{Q}$p), SLn($\mathbb{Z}$p)) for n ⩾ 3 we show, invoking property (T) of SLn($\mathbb{Q}$p), that the C*-completion of the L1-Banach algebra and the corner of C*(SLn($\mathbb{Q}$p)) determined by the subgroup are distinct. In fact, we prove a more general result valid for a simple algebraic group of rank at least 2 over a $\mathfrak{p}$-adic field with a good choice of a maximal compact open subgroup.
Formulation as intervention: case report and client experience of formulating in therapy
Authors: Thew Graham R. , Krohnert Nadja 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFormulation is widely considered a critical component of psychological therapies, and is thought to have a number of benefits both for the therapeutic process and the client directly. However, the evidence base supporting formulation and its possible interventive capacity is limited, and there is little empirical evidence exploring how clients perceive formulation as part of therapy. Work with the client described in this single case report provided an opportunity to explore the use of formulation as intervention and evaluate ways in which it may or may not prove helpful by interviewing the client directly about her experience of the process. Implications for further research on the use and outcomes of formulation are discussed.
Supranational public reason: On legitimacy of supranational norm-producing authorities
Authors: SADURSKI WOJCIECH 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe emergence of strong authorities beyond the nation state has raised questions about the absence of democratic legitimacy at the supranational level. The usual response to this dilemma has been an attempt to uncouple the strict link between national statehood and democracy, and in the process, to confer a degree of legitimacy on supranational authorities. This article argues that such an uncoupling is unconvincing, and that within the legitimacy-democracy-statehood triangle, the uncoupling of legitimacy and democracy is a more promising strategy. The legitimacy of supranational authorities is grounded in their appeal to ‘public reason’ – a legitimacy-conferring device well-suited to supranational authorities, as illustrated in this article by the examples of the European Court of Human Rights and the WTO dispute settlement system. On this basis, the article argues that we should not see the relationship between statehood legitimacy (based optimally on electoral democracy) and supranational legitimacy (based on public reason) as mutually antagonistic and engaged in zero-sum competition. Rather, this relationship allows scope for synergy, with supranational authorities often playing an important role in supporting democracy at the nation-state level.
Local anesthetics induce autophagy in young permanent tooth pulp cells
Authors: Zhuang H , Hu D , Singer D , Walker J V , Nisr R B , Tieu K , Ali K , Tredwin C , Luo S , Ardu S , Hu B 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPulp cells are essential for tooth development, and dentin repair and regeneration. In addition these cells have been identified as an important stem cell source. Local anesthetics are widely used in dental clinics, as well as the other clinical disciplines and have been suggested to interfere with human permanent tooth development and induce tooth agenesis through unknown mechanisms. Using pig model and human young permanent tooth pulp cells, our research has identified that the local anesthetics commonly used in clinics can affect cell proliferation. Molecular pathway profiling suggested that LC3II is one of the earliest molecules induced by the agents and p62 is the only common downstream target identified for all the drugs tested. The effect of the drugs could be partially recovered by V-ATPase inhibitor only if early intervention is performed. Our results provide novel evidence that local anesthetics could affect tooth cell growth that potentially can have impacts on tooth development.
High-performing nonlinear visualization of terahertz radiation on a silicon charge-coupled device
Authors: Shalaby Mostafa , Vicario Carlo , Hauri Christoph P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotoinduced electron transitions can lead to significant changes of the macroscopic electronic properties in semiconductors. This principle is responsible for the detection of light with charge-coupled devices. Their spectral sensitivity is limited by the semiconductor bandgap which has restricted their visualization capabilities to the optical, ultraviolet, and X-ray regimes. The absence of an imaging device in the low frequency terahertz range has severely hampered the advance of terahertz imaging applications in the past. Here we introduce a high-performing imaging concept to the terahertz range. On the basis of a silicon charge-coupled device we visualize 5–13 THz radiation with photon energy under 2% of the sensor’s band-gap energy. The unprecedented small pitch and large number of pixels allow the visualization of complex terahertz radiation patterns in real time and with high spatial detail. This advance will have a great impact on a wide range of terahertz imaging disciplines.
A simple optimization approach for improving target dose homogeneity in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for sinonasal cancer
Authors: Lu Jia-Yang , Zhang Ji-Yong , Li Mei , Cheung Michael Lok-Man , Li Yang-Kang , Zheng Jing , Huang Bao-Tian , Zhang Wu-Zhe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHomogeneous target dose distribution in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for sinonasal cancer (SNC) is challenging to achieve. To solve this problem, we established and evaluated a basal-dose-compensation (BDC) optimization approach, in which the treatment plan is further optimized based on the initial plans. Generally acceptable initial IMRT plans for thirteen patients were created and further optimized individually by (1) the BDC approach and (2) a local-dose-control (LDC) approach, in which the initial plan is further optimized by addressing hot and cold spots. We compared the plan qualities, total planning time and monitor units (MUs) among the initial, BDC, LDC IMRT plans and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans. The BDC approach provided significantly superior dose homogeneity/conformity by 23%–48%/6%–9% compared with both the initial and LDC IMRT plans, as well as reduced doses to the organs at risk (OARs) by up to 18%, with acceptable MU numbers. Compared with VMAT, BDC IMRT yielded superior homogeneity, inferior conformity and comparable overall OAR sparing. The planning of BDC, LDC IMRT and VMAT required 30, 59 and 58 minutes on average, respectively. Our results indicated that the BDC optimization approach can achieve significantly better dose distributions with shorter planning time in the IMRT for SNC.
The influence of red pepper powder on the density of Weissella koreensis during kimchi fermentation
Authors: Kang Bo Kyoung , Cho Min Seok , Ahn Tae-Young , Lee Eui Seok , Park Dong Suk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWeissella koreensis is a psychrophilic bacterium that is the dominant species found in kimchi and exhibits anti-obesity effects via its production of ornithine. In this study, we mined the genome of W. koreensis KACC15510 to identify species-specific genes that can serve as new targets for the detection and quantification of W. koreensis in kimchi. A specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set for the membrane protein-encoding gene of W. koreensis KACC15510 was designed and investigated to quantify its sensitivity and specificity for detecting the bacterium in kimchi. The specificity of the primer set was evaluated using genomic DNA from eight isolates of W. koreensis, 11 different species of Weissella and 13 other reference lactic acid bacterium (LAB) strains. In addition, red pepper powder was observed to strongly influence the density of W. koreensis during kimchi fermentation.
Global hotspots in the present-day distribution of ancient animal and plant lineages
Authors: Procheş Şerban , Ramdhani Syd , Perera Sandun J. , Ali Jason R. , Gairola Sanjay 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe current distribution of biotic lineages that emerged in the deep time has both theoretical and practical implications, in particular for understanding the processes that have forged present-day biodiversity and informing local and regional-scale conservation efforts. To date however, there has been no examination of such patterns globally across taxa and geological time. Here we map the diversity of selected extant seed plant and tetrapod vertebrate lineages that were already in existence either in the latest Triassic or latest Cretaceous. For Triassic-age linages, we find concentrations in several regions – both tropical and temperate – parts of North America, Europe, East and South-east Asia, northern South America and New Zealand. With Cretaceous-age lineages, high values are relatively uniformly distributed across the tropics, with peak the values along the Andes, in South-east Asia and Queensland, but also in the temperate Cape Mountains. These patterns result from a combination of factors, including land area, geographic isolation, climate stability and mass extinction survival ability. While the need to protect many of these lineages has been long recognised, a spatially-explicit approach is critical for understanding and maintaining the factors responsible for their persistence and this will need to be taken forward across finer scales.
Three dimensional imaging of gold-nanoparticles tagged samples using phase retrieval with two focus planes
Authors: Ilovitsh Tali , Ilovitsh Asaf , Weiss Aryeh , Meir Rinat , Zalevsky Zeev 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOptical sectioning microscopy can provide highly detailed three dimensional (3D) images of biological samples. However, it requires acquisition of many images per volume and is therefore time consuming and may not be suitable for live cell 3D imaging. We propose the use of the modified Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm to enable full 3D imaging of gold-particle tagged samples using only two images. The reconstructed field is free space propagated to all other focus planes using post processing and the 2D z-stack is merged to create a 3D image of the sample with high fidelity. Because we propose to apply the phase retrieving on nano particles, the regular ambiguities typical to the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, are eliminated. The proposed concept is presented and validated both on simulated data as well as experimentally.
Endogenously elevated bilirubin modulates kidney function and protects from circulating oxidative stress in a rat model of adenine-induced kidney failure
Authors: Boon Ai-Ching , Lam Alfred K. , Gopalan Vinod , Benzie Iris F. , Briskey David , Coombes Jeff S. , Fassett Robert G. , Bulmer Andrew C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMildly elevated bilirubin is associated with a reduction in the presence and progression of chronic kidney disease and related mortality, which may be attributed to bilirubin’s antioxidant properties. This study investigated whether endogenously elevated bilirubin would protect against adenine-induced kidney damage in male hyperbilirubinaemic Gunn rats and littermate controls. Animals were orally administered adenine or methylcellulose solvent (vehicle) daily for 10 days and were then monitored for 28 days. Serum and urine were assessed throughout the protocol for parameters of kidney function and antioxidant/oxidative stress status and kidneys were harvested for histological examination upon completion of the study. Adenine-treated animals experienced weight-loss, polyuria and polydipsia; however, these effects were significantly attenuated in adenine-treated Gunn rats. No difference in the presence of dihydroadenine crystals, lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis were noted in Gunn rat kidneys versus controls. However, plasma protein carbonyl and F2-isoprostane concentrations were significantly decreased in Gunn rats versus controls, with no change in urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine or kidney tissue F2-isoprostane concentrations. These data indicated that endogenously elevated bilirubin specifically protects from systemic oxidative stress in the vascular compartment. These data may help to clarify the protective relationship between bilirubin, kidney function and cardiovascular mortality in clinical investigations.
Astroglial β-Arrestin1-mediated Nuclear Signaling Regulates the Expansion of Neural Precursor Cells in Adult Hippocampus
Authors: Tao Yezheng , Ma Li , Liao Zhaohui , Le Qiumin , Yu Jialing , Liu Xing , Li Haohong , Chen Yuejun , Zheng Ping , Yang Zhengang , Ma Lan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdult hippocampal neurogenesis is crucial for preserving normal brain function, but how it is regulated by niche cells is uncertain. Here we show that β-arrestin 1 (β-arr1) in dentate gyrus (DG) regulates neural precursor proliferation. β-arr1 knockout (KO) mice show reduced neural precursor proliferation in subgranular zone (SGZ) which could be rescued by selective viral expression of β-arr1 but not its nuclear-function-deficient mutants under control of hGFAP promotor in DG. Compared with wild type astrocytes, β-arr1 KO astrocytes nurture less neurospheres and this may be attributed to changed activity of soluble, heat-sensitive excretive factors, such as BMP2. RNA-sequencing reveals that β-arr1 KO DG astrocytes exhibit an aberrant gene expression profile of niche factors, including elevated transcription of Bmp2. Taken together, our data suggest that β-arr1 mediated nuclear signaling regulates the production of excretive factors derived from niche astrocytes and expansion of neural precursors in DG, thus maintaining homeostasis of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.