bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-consequence analysis of computer vision-based skin prick tests: implications for cost containment in Switzerland
Authors: Uwitonze Jean Pierre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Skin prick tests (SPTs), or intraepidermal tests, are often the first diagnostic approach for people with a suspected allergy. Together with the clinical history, SPTs allow doctors to draw conclusions on allergies based on the sensitization pattern. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential cost consequences that would accrue to a Swiss University hospital after the adoption of computer vision-based SPTs.

Methods
We conducted a cost-consequence analysis from a hospital’s perspective to evaluate the potential cost consequences of using a computer vision-based system to read SPT results. The patient population consisted of individuals who were referred to the allergology department of one of the five university hospitals in Switzerland, Inselspital, whose allergology department averages 100 SPTs a week. We developed an early cost-consequence model comparing two SPT techniques; computer vision-based SPTs conducted with the aid of Nexkin DSPT and standard fully manual SPTs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis and additional univariate sensitivity analyses were used to account for uncertainty.

Results
The difference in average cost between the two alternatives from a hospital’s perspective was estimated to be CHF 7 per SPT, in favour of the computer vison-based SPTs. Monte Carlo probabilistic simulation also indicated that SPTs conducted using the computer vision-based system were cost saving compared to standard fully manual SPTs. Sensitivity analyses additionally demonstrated the robustness of the base case result subject to plausible changes in all the input parameters, with parameters representing the costs associated with both SPT techniques having the largest influence on the incremental cost. However, higher sensitization prevalence rates seemed to favour the more accurate standard fully manual SPTs.

Conclusion
Against the backdrop of rising healthcare costs especially in Switzerland, using computer-aided or (semi) automated diagnostic systems could play an important role in healthcare cost containment efforts. However, results should be taken with caution because of the uncertainty associated with the early nature of our analysis and the specific Swiss context adopted in this study.
Casein kinase 1α mediates estradiol secretion via CYP19A1 expression in mouse ovarian granulosa cells
Authors: Luo Xuan , Zhang Di , Zheng Jiaming , Liu Hui , Sun Longjie , Guo Hongzhou , Wang Lei , Cui Sheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Casein kinase 1α (CK1α), expressed in both ovarian germ and somatic cells, is involved in the initial meiosis and primordial follicle formation of mouse oocytes. Using in vitro and in vivo experiments in this study, we explored the function and mechanism of CK1α in estrogen synthesis in mice ovarian granulosa cells.

Methods
A CK1α knockout (cKO) mouse model, targeted specifically to ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), was employed to establish the influence of CK1α on in vivo estrogen synthesis. The influence of CK1α deficiency on GCs was determined in vivo and in vitro by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot assay. Transcriptome profiling, differentially expressed genes and gene functional enrichment analyses, and computation protein–protein docking, were further employed to assess the CK1α pathway. Furthermore, wild-type female mice were treated with the CK1α antagonist D4476 to elucidate the CK1α's role in estrogen regulation.

Results
Ovarian GCs CK1α deficiency impaired fertility and superovulation of female mice; also, the average litter size and the estradiol (E2) level in the serum of cKO female mice were decreased by 57.3% and 87.4% vs. control mice, respectively.
This deficiency disrupted the estrous cycle and enhanced the apoptosis in the GCs. We observed that CK1α mediated the secretion of estradiol in mouse ovarian GCs via the cytochrome P450 subfamily 19 member 1 (CYP19A1).

Conclusions
These findings improve the existing understanding of the regulation mechanism of female reproduction and estrogen synthesis.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Positive end-expiratory pressure management in patients with severe ARDS: implications of prone positioning and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Boesing Christoph , Rocco Patricia R. M. , Luecke Thomas , Krebs Joerg 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe optimal strategy for positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration in the management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients remains unclear. Current guidelines emphasize the importance of a careful risk–benefit assessment for PEEP titration in terms of cardiopulmonary function in these patients. Over the last few decades, the primary goal of PEEP usage has shifted from merely improving oxygenation to emphasizing lung protection, with a growing focus on the individual pattern of lung injury, lung and chest wall mechanics, and the hemodynamic consequences of PEEP. In moderate-to-severe ARDS patients, prone positioning (PP) is recommended as part of a lung protective ventilation strategy to reduce mortality. However, the physiologic changes in respiratory mechanics and hemodynamics during PP may require careful re-assessment of the ventilation strategy, including PEEP. For the most severe ARDS patients with refractory gas exchange impairment, where lung protective ventilation is not possible, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO) facilitates gas exchange and allows for a “lung rest” strategy using “ultraprotective” ventilation. Consequently, the importance of lung recruitment to improve oxygenation and homogenize ventilation with adequate PEEP may differ in severe ARDS patients treated with V-V ECMO compared to those managed conservatively. This review discusses PEEP management in severe ARDS patients and the implications of management with PP or V-V ECMO with respect to respiratory mechanics and hemodynamic function.
Efficacy study comparing a CBT-I developed for shift workers (CBT-I-S) to standard CBT-I (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia) on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial with online therapy groups of seven sessions each
Authors: Grünberger Tanja , Höhn Christopher , Schabus Manuel , Laireiter Anton-Rupert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Shift workers are at an increased risk of developing sleep disorders. The standard therapy recommended for sleep disorders is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Many of its interventions are based on a regular sleep and wake rhythm, which is difficult to apply for shift workers. We have therefore developed a new therapy manual specifically for shift workers (CBT-I-S), which should be more applicable to their needs. In particular, all interventions that require regularity have been removed, and instead, interventions that address factors that proved to be relevant to sleep in our preliminary study have been integrated. We now want to test this manual for its effectiveness.

Methods
A randomised controlled trial with N = 142 will be conducted to compare two conditions: the newly developed therapy manual will be carried out in the experimental group, while cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia will be employed in the standard group. Both treatments will be conducted online via MS Teams in a group setting with seven sessions each. Data will be collected at three measurement points (pre, post, 6-month follow-up) and analysed using linear mixed models. The study will investigate whether the two treatments have led to significant improvements in total sleep time, sleep onset latency, subjective sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in shift workers. It will also examine whether the new therapy manual is superior to standard therapy in shift workers and whether these effects are stable.

Discussion
We assume that interventions designed to address depressive mood, anxiety, worry, rumination, dysfunctional thought patterns and attitudes towards sleep will also improve sleep. If this is indeed the case, these interventions could replace previous ones that require regularity. This could significantly improve the treatment of insomnia in shift workers.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Registry DRKS DRKS00032086. Registered on August 16, 2023.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of dupilumab among patients with uncontrolled severe asthma using LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST Korean data
Authors: Oh Sung-Hee , Rhee Chin Kook , Bae Eun Jin , Ku Hyemin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
A sub-analysis of the Korean population in the LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST trial (NCT02414854) revealed that dupilumab effectively treated severe uncontrolled asthma. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of add-on therapy with dupilumab to background therapy in patients ≥ 12 years of age with uncontrolled severe asthma compared to that of background therapy in South Korea.

Methods
The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model over a lifetime from the Korean healthcare system perspective. Clinical efficacy and utility weights were obtained from post-hoc analyses of the Korean population in the QUEST trial. Data on the costs and treatment setting of exacerbation in a real-world setting were retrospectively collected using the administrative medical database from a single tertiary hospital.

Results
The base-case results indicated that add-on dupilumab therapy increases costs ($112,924 for add-on dupilumab versus $29,545 for background therapy alone). However, add-on dupilumab increased quality-adjusted life years (QALYs, 8.03 versus 3.93, respectively), with fewer events of severe exacerbations per patient compared to using the background therapy alone (17.920 versus 19.911, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $20,325 per QALY. Various sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the base-case results. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of add-on dupilumab being cost-effective was 87% at a threshold willingness-to-pay of $26,718 (KRW 35 million) per QALY gained.

Conclusions
Dupilumab is cost-effective for adolescents and adults with uncontrolled severe asthma in South Korea. Our study provides evidence to support clinicians and policymakers in making informed decisions for severe asthma management.
Policy brief Belgian EBCP Mirror Group patient and citizen engagement
Authors: Van Hoof Wannes , Schittecatte Gabrielle ,   the Thematic Working Group on Patient & Citizen Engagement
Published: August 2024

AbstractRights, preferences, needs and expectations of patients and citizens can only be respected and addressed if they are well understood. As such, a continuous, systematic and formalised dialogue between patients, citizens and policy makers is required to ensure ethical and socially appropriate cancer prevention, diagnostics, treatment and care. Relying on donations and project-based funding is not a sustainable way to ensure patient involvement and representativeness in policy. Patient organizations need long term, structural support to fulfil their role as patient representatives and support network in order to deliver the best possible service and to play their role as a professional representative of their disease-specific community. Inequalities can only be tackled if they are properly identified. This requires the definition of appropriate determinants fit for (inter)national comparison and extension and linkage of good quality data registries for cancer that allow the monitoring these inequalities.
Biopsychosocial and Environmental Correlates of Children’s Motor Competence: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Algurén Beatrix , Tang Yiling , Pelletier Chelsea , Naylor Patti-Jean , Faulkner Guy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Given the significance of motor competence (MC) for healthy development and as a cornerstone for lifelong physical activity (PA), it is crucial to understand the manifold factors that are associated with MC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate correlates of children’s MC and their fundamental movement skills (FMS) within their daily life from a comprehensive biopsychosocial-ecological perspective.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional sub-study of the ‘Physical Literacy for Communities (PL4C)’ WAVES cohort study conducted in the West Vancouver School District, Canada. Motor competence was assessed using the PLAYfun tool including overall MC score and five FMS category scores, namely, running, locomotor skills, upper and lower body control and balance skills. By means of structural equation modeling (SEM), direct associationswith MC and with the specific FMS categories addressing physical activity behavior, self-perceived physical literacy, parenting, and school ground design were investigated.

Results
A total of 355 children with a mean age of 7.5 years and 111.1 min of MVPA per day participated. The group comprised 51% boys and 47% girls from 14 elementary schools. Most children were at an emerging MC-level (71%), while those at a competent MC-level exhibited significantly more daily minutes of MVPA (123 versus 109, p = 0.001). Additionally, they played outdoors more frequently and engaged in more instructor-led PA. The results revealed that logistical support from parents had not only a direct positive association with overall MC, both for girls and boys, but also with most of the FMS categories. However, the correlates of MC varied between genders and showed different patterns across the five FMS categories. While time spent in sports or coach-/instructor-led physical activities had a significant SEM generated direct effect only for boys’ MC and for locomotor, upper body object control and balance, the aesthetic design of the school grounds was only associated with girls’ MC and those same three FMS categories. Multivariate SEM could explain 26% of variance for girls’ MC and 30% for boys’.

Conclusions
This exploratory baseline assessment revealed parental logistical support as an important correlate of MC, irrespective of gender. There were distinct gender patterns across biopsychosocial-ecological correlates influencing MC and FMS. Despite the heterogeneity of the results, our findings indicate a potential role of school ground design in supporting the development of children’s MC, especially for girls.
Effects of machine learning errors on human decision-making: manipulations of model accuracy, error types, and error importance
Authors: Matzen Laura E. , Gastelum Zoe N. , Howell Breannan C. , Divis Kristin M. , Stites Mallory C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study addressed the cognitive impacts of providing correct and incorrect machine learning (ML) outputs in support of an object detection task. The study consisted of five experiments that manipulated the accuracy and importance of mock ML outputs. In each of the experiments, participants were given the T and L task with T-shaped targets and L-shaped distractors. They were tasked with categorizing each image as target present or target absent. In Experiment 1, they performed this task without the aid of ML outputs. In Experiments 2–5, they were shown images with bounding boxes, representing the output of an ML model. The outputs could be correct (hits and correct rejections), or they could be erroneous (false alarms and misses). Experiment 2 manipulated the overall accuracy of these mock ML outputs. Experiment 3 manipulated the proportion of different types of errors. Experiments 4 and 5 manipulated the importance of specific types of stimuli or model errors, as well as the framing of the task in terms of human or model performance. These experiments showed that model misses were consistently harder for participants to detect than model false alarms. In general, as the model’s performance increased, human performance increased as well, but in many cases the participants were more likely to overlook model errors when the model had high accuracy overall. Warning participants to be on the lookout for specific types of model errors had very little impact on their performance. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of considering human cognition when determining what level of model performance and types of model errors are acceptable for a given task.
The contributions of historical geography research in the twentieth century to the concept of “Chinese nation”
Authors: Shi Shuo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Chinese nation has evolved through history and is inextricably linked with geographical factors. Since the inception of the concept of “Chinese nation” in the twentieth century, Chinese scholars have made significant contributions to understanding this concept from a historical geography perspective. This paper undertakes an examination and discussion of these contributions, highlighting three main aspects in which Chinese scholars in the twentieth century have significantly enhanced the concept of “Chinese nation” from a historical geography perspective: firstly, escaping the trap of “China Proper” and comprehensively understanding the Chinese nation from a geographical perspective; secondly, breaking the spatial barrier set up by the Great Wall, endowing the Chinese nation with a complete geographical space; thirdly, The Historical Atlas of China clarifying the connection between historical China and modern China, providing a comprehensive geographical basis for understanding the formation and development of the Chinese nation. The paper, contextualized within the historical backdrop, provides an analysis and discourse on these three aspects, indicating that the contributions of scholars in the twentieth century were instrumental in refining the concept of the Chinese nation from a historical geography perspective, illustrating the inseparable connection between nation and geography. Only through the organic integration of history, nation, and geography can we fully grasp the historical trajectory and geographical foundation of the Chinese nation.
A review of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for characterizing Long COVID (LC)—merits, gaps, and recommendations
Authors: Ejalonibu Hammed , Amah Adelaide , Aburub Alaa , Kumar Pawan , Frederick D. E. , Groot Gary 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Individuals may experience a range of symptoms after the clearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This condition is termed long COVID (LC) or Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC). Despite the appreciable number of symptoms documented to date, one key challenge remains in the robust characterization of LC outcomes. This review aimed to assess the properties, identify gaps, and provide recommendations for relevant descriptive and evaluative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement (PROM) instruments that can be used to comprehensively characterize LC.

Methods
To achieve this objective, we identified and reviewed descriptive and evaluative PROM instruments that have been developed and validated to date with people living with LC. Our review assessed their properties, identified gaps, and recommended PROMs suitable for characterizing LC. To ensure a comprehensive and robust characterization of LC, we next identified, reviewed, and selected (with the input of patient partners) PROMs associated with the most frequently reported LC symptoms. The evaluation criteria included psychometric evidence, mode of delivery, cost, and administration time.

Results
Traditional matrix mapping revealed Post-COVID Functional Status Scale (PCFS) as a choice instrument for capturing LC outcomes largely because of the comprehensive domains it covered, and the number of psychometric evidence reported in literatures. This instrument can be effectively paired with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Headache Impact Test (HIT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and DePaul Symptom Questionnaire (DSQ-PEM) to characterize fatigue, cognitive impairment, depression/anxiety, headache, sleeplessness, and post-exertional malaise respectively.

Conclusion
Our paper identified appropriate PROM instruments that can effectively capture the diverse impacts of LC. By utilizing these validated instruments, we can better understand and manage LC.
EvilPromptFuzzer: generating inappropriate content based on text-to-image models
Authors: He Juntao , Dai Haoran , Sui Runqi , Yuan Xuejing , Liu Dun , Feng Hao , Liu Xinyue , Yang Wenchuan , Cui Baojiang , Li Kedan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractText-to-image (TTI) models provide huge innovation ability for many industries, while the content security triggered by them has also attracted wide attention. Considerable research has focused on content security threats of large language models (LLMs), yet comprehensive studies on the content security of TTI models are notably scarce. This paper introduces a systematic tool, named EvilPromptFuzzer, designed to fuzz evil prompts in TTI models. For 15 kinds of fine-grained risks, EvilPromptFuzzer employs the strong knowledge-mining ability of LLMs to construct seed banks, in which the seeds cover various types of characters, interrelations, actions, objects, expressions, body parts, locations, surroundings, etc. Subsequently, these seeds are fed into the LLMs to build scene-diverse prompts, which can weaken the semantic sensitivity related to the fine-grained risks. Hence, the prompts can bypass the content audit mechanism of the TTI model, and ultimately help to generate images with inappropriate content. For the risks of violence, horrible, disgusting, animal cruelty, religious bias, political symbol, and extremism, the efficiency of EvilPromptFuzzer for generating inappropriate images based on DALL.E 3 are greater than 30%, namely, more than 30 generated images are malicious among 100 prompts. Specifically, the efficiency of horrible, disgusting, political symbols, and extremism up to 58%, 64%, 71%, and 50%, respectively. Additionally, we analyzed the vulnerability of existing popular content audit platforms, including Amazon, Google, Azure, and Baidu. Even the most effective Google SafeSearch cloud platform identifies only 33.85% of malicious images across three distinct categories.