bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Social Network Communities and Health Behavior: An Observational Sociocentric Network Study of Latrine Ownership in Rural India
Authors: Shakya Holly B. , Christakis Nicholas A. , Fowler James H. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We identified communities of interconnected people that might serve as normative reference groups for individual-level behavior related to latrine adoption. Methods. We applied an algorithmic social network method to determine the network community from respondent-reported social ties of 16 403 individuals in 75 villages in rural Karnataka, India; data were collected from 2006 to 2008. We used multilevel modeling to test the association between latrine ownership and community-level and village-level latrine ownership. We also investigated the degree to which network cohesion affected individual latrine ownership. Results. Three levels of social contacts (direct friends, social network community, and village) significantly predicted individual latrine ownership, but the strongest effect was found at the level of social network communities. In communities with high levels of network cohesion, the likelihood was decreased that any individual would own a latrine; this effect was significant only at lower levels of latrine ownership, suggesting a role for network cohesion in facilitating the nonownership norm. Conclusions. Although many international health and development interventions target village units, these results raise the possibility that the optimal target for public health interventions may not be determined through geography but through social network interactions.
Primary Prevention of Falls: Effectiveness of a Statewide Program
Authors: Albert Steven M. , King Jennifer , Boudreau Robert , Prasad Tanushree , Lin Chyongchiou J. , Newman Anne B. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives. We examined a population-wide program, Pennsylvania’s Healthy Steps for Older Adults (HSOA), designed to reduce the incidence of falls among older adults. Older adults completing HSOA are screened and educated regarding fall risk, and those identified as being at high risk are referred to primary care providers and home safety resources. Methods. From 2010 to 2011, older adults who completed HSOA at various senior center sites (n = 814) and a comparison group of older adults from the same sites who did not complete the program (n = 1019) were recruited and followed monthly. Although participants were not randomly allocated to study conditions, the 2 groups did not differ in fall risk at baseline or attrition. We used a telephone interactive voice response system to ascertain the number of falls that occurred each month. Results. In multivariate models, adjusted fall incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were lower in the HSOA group than in the comparison group for both total (IRR = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72, 0.96) and activity-adjusted (IRR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.70, 0.93) months of follow-up. Conclusions. Use of existing aging services in primary prevention of falls is feasible, resulting in a 17% reduction in our sample in the rate of falls over the follow-up period.
Health Information Privacy and Health Information Technology in the US Correctional Setting
Authors: Goldstein Melissa M. 
Published: March 2014

Electronic health records and electronic health information exchange are essential to improving quality of care, reducing medical errors and health disparities, and advancing the delivery of patient-centered medical care. In the US correctional setting, these goals are critical because of the high numbers of Americans affected, yet the use of health information technology is quite limited. In this article, I describe the legal environment surrounding health information sharing in corrections by focusing on 2 key federal privacy laws: the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 and the federal Confidentiality of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Patient Records laws. In addition, I review stakeholder concerns and describe possible ways forward that enable electronic exchange while ensuring protection of inmate information and legal compliance.
Noncommunicable Diseases and Human Rights: A Promising Synergy
Authors: Gruskin Sofia , Ferguson Laura , Tarantola Daniel , Beaglehole Robert 
Published: March 2014

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have finally emerged onto the global health and development agenda. Despite the increasingly important role human rights play in other areas of global health, their contribution to NCD prevention and control remains nascent. The recently adopted Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013–2020 is an important step forward, but the lack of concrete attention to human rights is a missed opportunity. With practical implications for policy development, priority setting, and strategic design, human rights offer a logical, robust set of norms and standards; define the legal obligations of governments; and provide accountability mechanisms that can be used to enhance current approaches to NCD prevention and control. Harnessing the power of human rights can strengthen action for NCDs at the local, national, and global levels.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Clinic-Integrated, Low-Intensity Treatment to Prevent Deterioration of Disease Care in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Holmes Clarissa S. , Chen Rusan , Mackey Eleanor , Grey Margaret , Streisand Randi 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy of two office-based treatments designed to prevent deterioration in glycemic control in young adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a randomized clinical trial. An individualized, more intensive family teamwork Coping skills program was compared with a diabetes Education treatment.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A baseline assessment was followed by four brief treatment sessions and immediate posttesting over the course of 1.5 years. Families of 226 early adolescents (ages 11–14) were randomized to receive either individualized coping skills education or diabetes education as adjunctive treatment to quarterly medical appointments. Continued follow-up occurred at 3.5-month intervals for a long-term follow-up of up to 3 years. A post hoc Usual Care group facilitated comparisons of glycemic control.

RESULTS
Growth curve analysis showed that both treatment groups successfully prevented deterioration in adolescent disease care and simultaneously improved adolescent and parent quality of life that included indicators of more effective communication and reduced adherence barriers—without a concomitant increase in diabetes-related or general family conflict. However, contrary to expectation, the Education group was more efficacious than the Coping group in improvement of disease adherence and glycemic control over a 3-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Low-intensity office-based quarterly treatment can maintain or improve disease care adherence in early adolescence when provided to adolescent/parent dyads. Better outcomes are achieved when treatment goals and techniques match the needs of the targeted population.
Insulin Sensitivity and Albuminuria: The RISC Study
Authors: Pilz Stefan , Rutters Femke , Nijpels Giel , Stehouwer Coen D.A. , Højlund Kurt , Nolan John J. , Balkau Beverley , Dekker Jacqueline M. ,   the RISC Investigators
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
Accumulating evidence suggests an association between insulin sensitivity and albuminuria, which, even in the normal range, is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated whether insulin sensitivity is associated with albuminuria in healthy subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated 1,415 healthy, nondiabetic participants (mean age 43.9 ± 8.3 years; 54.3% women) from the RISC (Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease) study, of whom 852 participated in a follow-up examination after 3 years. At baseline, insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps, expressed as the M/I value. Oral glucose tolerance test–based insulin sensitivity (OGIS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were determined at baseline and follow-up.

RESULTS
Microalbuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g) was present in fewer than 2% at either study visit. After multivariate adjustments, there was no cross-sectional association between UACR and any measure of insulin sensitivity. Neither OGIS nor HOMA-IR was significantly associated with follow-up UACR, but in a multivariate regression analysis, baseline M/I emerged as an independent predictor of UACR at follow-up (β-coefficient −0.14; P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
In healthy middle-aged adults, reduced insulin sensitivity, assessed by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp, is continuously associated with a greater risk of increasing albuminuria. This finding suggests that reduced insulin sensitivity either is simply related to or might causally contribute to the initial pathogenesis of albuminuria.
The Microbial Invasion of Gastro Intestianal Tract and Habit of Drinking Water Immediately after Meals
Authors: Parajuli Kamal Prasad , Chaulagain Durga Devi , Singh Ganesh , Shrestha Medhabi 
Published: March 2014

The prime role of the hydrochloric acid secreted by the parietal cells of the stomach is to assist in digestion of food .The another important role of it is to assist in immunity. The presence and secretion of the hydrochloric acid is a part of innate immunity that fights against the pathogens that enter our body through oral route. However if a person drinks fluids while eating food, the hydrochloric acid whose pH is 2-3, is greatly diluted and as a result the acid cannot effectively prevent the invasion of the GI tract by pathogens that are present in our food and water .This study reveals that those subjects who do not drink water while eating food but drink it after one hour of consumption of food are less likely to be infected with pathogens through GI tracts. Whereas those people who drink water while taking food are more prone to be infected by the pathogens. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.10056 Journal of Nobel Medical College Vol.3(1) 2014; 58-61
Parody, E.E. Cummings, and Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Authors: Cherry James M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT: This article examines E.E. Cummings’s Tom (1935), a modern dance treatment of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin never produced, and the effect that Tom has had on subsequent stage interpretations of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Grounded in Linda Hutcheon’s conception of parody as an “ironic playing with multiple conventions,” the article argues that Cummings’s Tom blends Stowe’s narrative with modernist poetry, ballet, and African-American religious symbolism as a way to reactivate the potency of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in the twentieth century and suggests that productions like Bill T. Jones’s Last Supper at Uncle Tom’s Cabin / The Promised Land (1991), and the Drama Dept.’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin; Or, The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1997) followed the pattern of Cummings’s Tom, by using parody and ironic juxtaposition to generate vital, new interpretations of the old story. These performances all suggest that melodrama regains its power to move audiences when presented as a part a collective memory and an intertextual, parodic narrative. The strategies of Cummings, Jones, and the Drama Dept. reveal a modern potential in the intermixture of parody and melodrama.
The Religio non est sui generis Confession: Once More unto the Religious Studies / Theology Divide.
Authors: Rennie Bryan 
Published: March 2014

Abstract: Focusing on a recent Festschrift for Donald Wiebe but considering related work in the study of religion since the 1970s, this article argues that the distinction that Wiebe urged between the academic study of religion and the practice of theology remains viable, if difficult. Analysis of the claims of the Festschrift's editors concerning a ubiquitous “failure of nerve” in the academic study of religion indicates that it is, if anything, their nerve that has failed. They have concluded that any recognition of “religion” as a distinct and isolatable entity necessarily involves the postulation of a veridical access to some assumed transcendence and thus constitutes the practice, rather than the study, of religion. This claim is contested and a suggestion made for an academic study that does not involve any such postulate.
Cross-border governance on the U.S.–Mexico border
Authors: Cruz Pamela Lizette 
Published: March 2014

This article examines public policies and development of institutions at the U.S.– Mexico border related to the progression of cross-border health governance. Establishing interlinkages between health and security aspects of the border collaboration, I systematically present a descriptive panorama of the problems inherent to cross-border health governance and analyze institutional perspectives and border typology. As borders continue to change with time, cross-border collaboration continues to be shaped and redefined. In analyzing the challenges facing the border today, what would effective cross-border governance entail? Who are the actors and what are the processes that may facilitate cross-border health governance? Spanish
Este artículo examina las políticas públicas y el desarrollo de las instituciones en la frontera México-Estados Unidos en relación con la progresión de la gobernanza sanitaria transfronteriza. Estableciendo vínculos entre el sector salud y los aspectos de seguridad de la colaboración transfronteriza, la autora presenta sistemáticamente un panorama descriptivo de los problemas inherentes a la gobernanza sanitaria transfronteriza y analiza las perspectivas institucionales y la tipología de frontera. Como las fronteras continúan cambiando con el tiempo, la colaboración transfronteriza continúa redefiniéndose y tomando forma. En el análisis de los desafíos que enfrenta la frontera hoy, ¿qué implicaría una gobernanza transfronteriza eficaz? ¿Quiénes son los actores y procesos que facilitarían la gobernanza sanitaria transfronteriza? French
Cet article examine les politiques publiques et les développements institutionnels survenus à la frontière américano-mexicaine dans le domaine de la gouvernance sanitaire transfrontalière. En établissant des liens entre la santé et les aspects sécuritaires de la collaboration transfrontalière, j'entends ainsi dresser un panorama descriptif des problèmes inhérents à la gouvernance sanitaire transfrontalière, tout en analysant les perspectives institutionnelles et la typologie des frontières. Alors que les frontières continuent d'évoluer avec le temps, la collaboration transfrontalière ne cesse continuellement de se façonner et se redéfinir. Au regard des défis actuels de la frontière, quels enjeux impliquent une gouvernance transfrontalière efficace? Qui sont les acteurs et lesquels sont susceptibles de faciliter la gouvernance de la santé transfrontalière?
An evaluation of mass-balance methods applied to Castle creek Glacier, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Beedle Matthew J. , Menounos Brian , Wheate Roger 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe estimate the glacier mass balance of a 9.5 km2 mountain glacier using three approaches for balance years 2009, 2010 and 2011. The photogrammetric, GPS and glaciological methods yielded sampling densities of 100, 5 and 2 points km-2, with measurement precisions of ± 0.40, ± 0.10 and ± 0.10 m w.e. respectively. Our glaciological measurements likely include a positive bias, due to omission of internal and basal mass balance, and uncertainty in determining the interface between snow and firn with a probe (±0.10 m w.e.). Measurements from our photogrammetric method include a negative bias introduced by the manual operator and our temperature index model used to correct for different dates of imaging (0.15 m w.e.), whereas GPS measurements avoid these biases. The photogrammetric and GPS methods are suitable for estimating glacier-wide annual mass balance, and thus provide a valuable measure that complements the glaciological method. These approaches, however, cannot be used to estimate mass balance at a point or mass-balance profiles without a detailed understanding of the vertical component of ice velocity.
A Comparison of Nonlethal Methods for Evaluating the Reproductive Status of Female Coastal Cutthroat Trout
Authors: Bangs Peter D. , Nagler James J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Knowledge of the state of sexual development is important for management of coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii, a fish species targeted for sport fishing throughout its range along the Pacific coast of North America. The purpose of this study was to compare the nonlethal methods of ultrasound imaging, body lipid content, and the measurement of plasma vitellogenin and estradiol levels for assessing the reproductive status of female coastal cutthroat trout. This was examined in a population living in Florence Lake, Alaska, during the spring–early autumn period of the annual reproductive cycle. All methods, except body lipid content, were effective at determining maturity status in either the spring (ultrasound imaging), or spring and autumn (plasma vitellogenin and estradiol). These approaches could be useful for conducting nonlethal assessments of length- or age-at-maturity on populations of coastal cutthroat trout that are small, have conservation concerns, or are heavily utilized by anglers.
Asymptotic Improvements of Lower Bounds for the Least Common Multiples of Arithmetic Progressions
Authors: Kane Daniel M. , Duke Kominers Scott 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFor relatively prime positive integers u0 and r, we consider the least common multiple Ln := lcm(u0, u1..., un) of the finite arithmetic progression . We derive new lower bounds on Ln that improve upon those obtained previously when either u0 or n is large. When r is prime, our best bound is sharp up to a factor of n + 1 for u0 properly chosen, and is also nearly sharp as n → ∞.
Educação e a qualificação de Jovens e Adultos pouco Escolarizados: promessa integradora num tempo histórico de produção destrutiva
Authors: Frigotto Gaudêncio 
Published: March 2014

O artigo tem como objetivo apontar os limites das políticas de educação para jovens e adultos pouco escolarizados para integrá-los no mercado do trabalho no contexto de desemprego estrutural e de ampliação da exploração e da precarização dos trabalhadores empregados. Destaca-se, de outra parte, a tendência dominante de processos educativos subordinados à visão mercantil de educação que anula tanto o sujeito professor, quanto o sujeito aluno. Por fim, indica-se a natureza da qualidade da educação que interessa à classe trabalhadora e o papel dos intelectuais articulados às lutas em defesa de seus diretos.
Os desafio do MST e da educação na atualidade brasileira
Authors: Vendramini Célia Regina 
Published: March 2014

O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a atualidade das lutas do O artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a atualidade das lutas do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra na realidade brasileira, num contexto de crescente urbanização. A partir de pesquisas realizadas nos últimos anos sobre a experiência educacional do MST, apresenta-se o contexto histórico de emergência do Movimento, com base na articulação entre os aspectos econômicos, políticos e educacionais; a reação organizada dos trabalhadores sem-terra, seus objetivos e formas de luta e, especificamente, a importância atribuída à educação; por fim, os desafios atuais do MST e dos seus propósitos educacionais. O movimento analisado neste artigo, nos leva a refletir sobre alguns desafios teóricos e práticos na atualidade, referentes ao campo e sua articulação com a cidade, à ruptura com a histórica concentração da propriedade da terra e da riqueza no Brasil, às lutas organizadas dos trabalhadores e suas experiências de cooperação, autogestão e educação/escolarização de sua base. A educação é compreendida no seu contexto histórico, social, econômico e político, sendo fruto das relações sociais.
Novos (des)caminhos da Educação de Adultos?
Authors: Canário Rui 
Published: March 2014

Neste artigo, tendo como referência empírica a investigação sobre as políticas públicas de educação de adultos, procede-se a uma análise do caso português. Procura-se compreender como é que se transitou de uma conceção de “Educação Permanente” para a designada “Aprendizagem ao Longo da Vida”. Defende-se a perspetiva de que o campo da educação de adultos, relativamente ao modo como foi historicamente construído na segunda metade do século XX, mudou a sua natureza e já não é maispertinente encará-lo como um projeto global de mudança social.
The Effect of Chronic Smoking on Lens Density in Young Adults
Authors: Kar Taner , Ayata Ali , Aksoy Yakup , Kaya Abdullah , Ünal Melih 
Published: March 2014

Purpose To investigate the effect of chronic cigarette smoking on lens density by Pentacam HR lens densitometry in young adults. Methods Sixty chronic smokers who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least 2 years and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were included in this prospective cross-sectional, comparative study. Presence of an ocular or systemic disease that might affect lens were determined as exclusion criteria. All individuals underwent complete ocular examination. Lens densitometry (LD) measurements were performed with Pentacam HR (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), dividing the lens into 3 areas: anterior area (anterior subcapsular and anterior cortical), nuclear area, and posterior area (posterior subcapsular and posterior cortical). Three-dimensional scan modes were used for measurements. Results The mean ages of group 1 and 2 were 25.85 ± 4.32 and 25.60 ± 5.14 years, respectively. The mean LD values in the 3 areas were higher in group 1 than group 2. However, only the mean LD value at the anterior area of group 1 was found to be statistically significantly higher (p = 0.047). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean LD measurements at the nuclear and posterior areas between the groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the mean LD value of the anterior area was significantly higher in group 1, suggesting that chronic smoking may contribute to anterior cortical and subcapsular cataract development in young adults.
Serum Tumor Markers in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Maoujoud Omar , Machtani Samira El , Asseraji Mohammed , Atbib Yassine , Zajjari Yassir , Taoufik Aatif , Elbouaiti Elarabi , Zouhair Oualim , Benyahia Mohammed , Tellal Saida 
Published: March 2014

Aims The main objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on concentrations of five tumor markers (TMs): carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 (CA19-9), CA15-3, CA125, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a group of chronic hemodialysis patients (CHPs); and to study the influence of hemodialysis (HD) sessions on concentrations of the same TMs. Methods We compared TMs levels in CHP before HD sessions to a control group of 50 healthy volunteers, the dosages were determined before and immediately after the HD session Comparisons were made before and after correction for dialysis-induced hemoconcentrations. Results We enrolled 74 CHPs, all TM concentrations were higher in this group compared to control group, but this increase was significant for CEA (4.25 ± 2.89 vs 2.41 ± 1.81ng/ml; p<0.0001), CA125 (27.84 ± 92.27 vs 13.30 ± 9.85 ng/ml; p = 0.048) and CA19-9 (19.65 ± 25.02 vs 10.23 ± 11.00 U/ml; p = 0.011). Post-dialysis levels were significantly higher than those in pre-dialysis. CEA (3.35 [2,46-5.51] vs 4,06 [2.60-6.78] ng/ml; p<0.0001), CA125 (13.24 [9.66-18.63] vs 16.01 [11.33-22.53] ng/ml; p<0.0001), CA19-9 (12.29 [5.59-21.97] vs 16.29 [7.18-24.7] U/ml; p<0.0001), CA15-3 (13.06 [10.05-17.48] vs 14.58 [11.72-19.35] ng/ml; p<0.0001 and PSA (0.83 [0.5-1.24] vs 1.06 [0.62-1.43] ng/ml; p<0.0001). Conclusions Our work confirms that HD increases concentrations of the five TMs evaluated and suggests that the use of CA15-3 and PSA remains valid in CHPs since their concentrations were not altered by ESRD, unlike CEA, CA125, and CA19-9.