bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapartum risk factors for neonatal encephalopathy leading to cerebral palsy in women without apparent sentinel events
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Cho Kazutoshi , Morikawa Mamoru , Yamada Takashi , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo determine intrapartum factors associated with neonatal encephalopathy leading to cerebral palsy (NE‐CP).MethodsA total of 70 NE‐CP patients who fulfilled study criteria (cephalic singleton pregnancy with attempted vaginal delivery [AVD] at gestational week [GW] ≥36; intrapartum occurrence of non‐reassuring fetal status without apparent cause following reassuring fetal status on admission; and development of NE‐CP) were compared with 210 AVD controls who had 1‐ and 5‐min Apgar score ≥8 matched for GW, maternal parity, and use of uterotonics. Suboptimal care was defined as delayed reaction due to misinterpretation of fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing, or inappropriate trial of instrumental delivery (TOID). Successful and failed TOID were defined as vaginal and cesarean delivery after TOID, respectively. The 210 controls were assumed not to have had suboptimal care.ResultsThe rates of successful (34% vs 12%) and failed TOID (11% vs 0.0%), cesarean section (34% vs 14%), suboptimal care (57% vs 0.0%), pregnancy‐induced hypertension (11% vs 2.4%), birthweight ≥3800 g (8.6% vs 1.9%), subgaleal hemorrhage (16% vs 0.0%) were significantly higher in NE‐CP patients than in controls. Selection with the stepwise method and logistic regression analysis identified four independent risk factors for NE‐CP: suboptimal intrapartum care (OR, 2.21; 95%CI: 1.99–2.47), cesarean section (OR, 1.19; 95%CI: 1.08–1.31), successful TOID (OR, 1.14; 95%CI: 1.03–1.25), and hypertension (OR, 1.20; 95%CI: 1.01–1.42).ConclusionsTraining programs for improved interpretation of FHR tracing and appropriate TOID are required to prevent NE‐CP among healthy and mature fetuses in Japan.
Impact of interpregnancy interval on the subsequent risk of adverse perinatal outcomes
Authors: Ekin Atalay , Gezer Cenk , Taner Cuneyt Eftal , Ozeren Mehmet , Mat Emre , Solmaz Ulas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of interpregnancy interval as a risk factor on multiple adverse perinatal outcomes.Material and MethodsInterpregnancy intervals and confounding factors were determined for healthy pregnancies (controls [n = 357]) and for pregnancies complicated by adverse perinatal outcomes. Interpregnancy interval was categorized as <6, 6–11, 12–17, 18–23, 24–35 and ≥36 months. Adverse outcomes included spontaneous labor leading to preterm birth (n = 265), preterm premature rupture of membranes (n = 245), pre‐eclampsia (n = 286), gestational diabetes (n = 302), abnormal placentation (n = 154), anemia (n = 314), congenital anomalies (n = 459), post‐partum hemorrhage (n = 326) and small for gestational age (n = 168). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of each outcome with the interpregnancy interval categories.ResultsSpontaneous labor leading to preterm birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.97), preterm premature rupture of membranes (OR, 1.69; 95%CI, 1.28–2.39), congenital anomalies (OR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.09–1.76) and small for gestational age (OR, 1.68; 95%CI, 1.14–2.34) were significantly associated with intervals of <6 months. Among congenital anomalies, short interpregnancy interval represents an increased risk for cardiac defects (OR, 1.55; 95%CI, 1.09–5.46), neural tube defects (OR, 2.06; 95%CI, 1.32–7.64) and central nervous system anomalies (OR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.12–3.65).ConclusionShort interpregnancy interval is an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes.
Laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine artery occlusion with silicone tubing to prevent hemorrhage during vacuum aspiration of cesarean scar pregnancies
Authors: Wang Lingling , Sun Lingbin , Wang Lijun , Chen Huifang , Ouyang Xue , Qiu Huiling 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and effects of temporary bilateral uterine artery occlusion with silicone tubing on blood loss during vacuum aspiration of cesarean scar pregnancies (CSP).Material and MethodsSix patients with CSP underwent removal of gestational masses via vacuum aspiration. At the beginning of the procedure, all patients underwent laparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine artery occlusion with tubing. The main measurements were the operating time, operative blood loss, Doppler examination of the uterine arteries, and complications of procedure.ResultsThe median operation time was 99 min, the median time needed to put the tubing in place (the time from the opening of the retroperitoneum to positioning of the tubing) was 45.5 min and the median time of bilateral uterine artery occlusion with tubing was 32.5 min. The median blood loss was 97.5 mL, and none of the patients required blood transfusion. Doppler examination showed no difference in the pre‐ and postoperative resistance or pulsatility indices of the uterine vessels. There were no conspicuous complications. The serum ß‐human chorionic gonadotrophin level decreased to normal within 14–27 days after the operation.ConclusionLaparoscopic temporary bilateral uterine artery occlusion with silicone tubing is an effective, minimally invasive procedure for reducing blood loss during vacuum aspiration in patients with CSP.
Should We Require Every New Venture to Be a Hybrid Organization?
Authors: McMullen Jeffery S. , Warnick Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCritics of entrepreneurial capitalism have argued that entrepreneurship creates dysfunction in individuals, families, communities, and society because entrepreneurs neglect social and environmental dimensions of value in favour of financial value creation. By way of contrast, hybrid organizations, such as Benefit Corporations, are created explicitly to address social and environmental objectives in addition to their financial objective. Therefore, in this paper we explore the consequences of a world of blended value in which every new venture is required to be a hybrid organization. In doing so, we reveal the boundary conditions of current social criticism levied against entrepreneurship and suggest that blended value may best be relegated to the role of ideal or guideline as opposed to normative or legal obligation.
Regional Cerebral Disease Progression in Friedreich's Ataxia: A Longitudinal Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study
Authors: Mascalchi Mario , Toschi Nicola , Giannelli Marco , Ginestroni Andrea , Della Nave Riccardo , Tessa Carlo , Piacentini Silvia , Dotti Maria Teresa , Aiello Marco , Nicolai Emanuele , Soricelli Andrea , Salvi Fabrizio , Diciotti Stefano 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEImaging biomarkers of disease progression are desirable in inherited ataxias. MRI has demonstrated brain damage in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) in form of regional atrophy of the medulla, peridentate cerebellar white matter (WM) and superior cerebellar peduncles (visible in T1‐weighted images) and of change of microstructural characteristics of WM tracts of the brainstem, cerebellar peduncles, cerebellum, and supratentorial structures (visible through diffusion‐weighted imaging). We explored the potential of brain MR morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to track the progression of neurodegeneration in FRDA.METHODSEight patients (5F, 3M; age 13.4‐41.2 years) and 8 healthy controls (2F, 6M; age 26.2‐48.3 years) underwent 2 MRI examinations (mean 3.9 and 4.1 years apart, respectively) on the same 1.5T scanner. The protocol included 3D T1‐weighted images and axial diffusion‐weighted images (b‐value 1,000 s/mm2) for calculating maps of fractional anisotropy, mean, axial and radial diffusivity, and mode of anisotropy. Tensor‐based morphometry was used to investigate regional volume changes and tract‐based spatial statistics was used to investigate microstructural changes in WM tracts.RESULTSLongitudinal analyses showed no differences in regional volume changes but a significant difference in axial diffusivity changes in cerebral and corpus callosum WM of patients as compared to controls (mean longitudinal rate of change for axial diffusivity: −.02 × 10‐3 mm2/s/year in patients vs. .01 × 10‐3 mm2/s/year in controls). No correlation with number of triplets, disease duration, and worsening of the clinical deficit was observed.CONCLUSIONDTI can track brain microstructural changes in FRDA and can be considered a potential biomarker of disease progression.
Efficacy of stabilisation splint therapy combined with non‐splint multimodal therapy for treating RDC/TMD axis I patients: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Nagata K. , Maruyama H. , Mizuhashi R. , Morita S. , Hori S. , Yokoe T. , Sugawara Y. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryStabilisation splint therapy has long been thought to be effective for the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). However, the superiority of stabilisation splint therapy compared to other TMD treatments remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of stabilisation splint therapy combined with non‐splint multimodal therapy for TMD. A total of 181 TMD participants were randomly allocated to a non‐splint multimodal therapy (NS) group (n = 85) or a non‐splint multimodal therapy plus stabilisation splint (NS+S) group (n = 96). Non‐splint multimodal therapy included self‐exercise of the jaw, cognitive–behavioural therapy, self‐management education and additional jaw manipulation. Three outcome measurements were used to assess treatment efficacy: mouth‐opening limitation, oro‐facial pain and temporomandibular joint sounds. A two‐factor repeated‐measures analysis of variance (anova) was used to evaluate the efficacy of the two treatment modalities (NS vs. NS+S), and Scheffe's multiple comparison test was used to compare the treatment periods. Subgroup analyses were performed to disclose the splint effects for each TMD diagnostic group. All three parameters significantly decreased over time in both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the total comparison or subgroup analyses; an exception was the group with degenerative joint disease. No significant difference between the NS and NS+S treatment approaches was revealed in this study. Therefore, we conclude that the additional effects of stabilisation splint are not supported for patients with TMD during the application of multimodal therapy.
Personal experience: being depressed is worse than having advanced cancer
Authors: Deacon M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis short paper addresses the experiences of a recently retired mental health nurse who has suffered from several episodes of depression during her long career and is now experiencing a life‐limiting illness. Rather than feeling safe within the embrace of the health profession family, the author feared negative consequences of exposing her mental health difficulties to her colleagues. Comparing the anguish of depression to the knowledge that she will die fairly soon has lead the author to question which experience is worse (for her, depression), thus emphasizing how trivializing depression may be a consequence of professional stigma and organizational neglect, as depression is not always prioritized in UK mental health services. Both of these matters may add layers of shame and fear to the sufferer's experience. The author argues that care workers should not take their criticism of stigma as a matter to be taken for granted but instead should be brave enough to face their own assumptions about who service users are and just what they experience. Stigma has real‐life consequences for those with mental health problems, particularly with regard to help‐seeking behaviour.
Effects of replacing wheat bran by pistachio skins on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and blood metabolites of dairy Saanen goats
Authors: Naserian A. A. , Staples C. R. , Ghaffari M. H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of pistachio skins (PiS) as a replacement of wheat bran on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and blood metabolites of dairy Saanen goats. Eight multiparous lactating Saanen goats (55 ± 7.2 days post‐partum, 45 ± 2 kg body weight) were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments arranged in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design. The dietary treatments were 1) 0 g/kg PiS and 210 g/kg wheat bran in the TMR (0PiS), 2) 70 g/kg PiS and 140 g/kg wheat bran in the TMR (7PiS), 3) 140 g/kg PiS and 70 g/kg wheat bran in the TMR (14PiS) and 4) 210 g/kg PiS and 0 g/kg wheat bran in the TMR (21PiS). The trial consisted of four 21‐day periods, each composed of 14 days adaptation and 7 days data collection. Dry matter intake (p < 0.05) and crude protein digestibility (p < 0.01) increased linearly with increasing PiS proportions in the diet. Increasing the proportion of PiS in the diet caused a quadratic increase in apparent digestibility of dry matter (p < 0.05), and tended (p = 0.05) to increase quadratically organic matter, and ether extract digestibility. Replacing wheat bran with PiS in the diet had no effects on milk yield, whereas milk fat concentration increased linearly (p < 0.01) with increasing inclusion of PiS in the diet. As the dietary proportion of PiS increased, ruminal pH tended (p = 0.07) to increase linearly, whereas ammonia‐N concentration declined in the rumen. Plasma concentrations of glucose and BUN remained unaffected, whereas triglycerides (p < 0.05) and cholesterol (p < 0.01) concentrations increased linearly with increasing inclusion of PiS in the diet. It was concluded that PiS based on local ingredients can successfully replace wheat bran in diets of dairy goats without detrimental effects on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and milk production.
Effect of glycated albumin and cranberry components on interleukin‐6 and matrix metalloproteinase‐3 production by human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Tipton D. A. , Hatten A. A. , Babu J. P. , Dabbous M. Kh. 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectiveGingival fibroblasts have the potential to participate in periodontal inflammation and breakdown, producing interleukin (IL)‐6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), formed during diabetic hyperglycemia, might aggravate periodontal inflammation. The cranberry contains anti‐inflammatory polyphenols, which inhibit proinflammatory activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐ and IL‐1β‐stimulated human cells. Little is known of its effects on gingival fibroblast IL‐6 or MMP‐3 production stimulated by AGEs. The objectives were to determine cranberry effects on IL‐6 and MMP‐3 production by gingival fibroblasts exposed to the representative AGE, glycated human serum albumin (G‐HSA), or LPS ± G‐HSA.Material and MethodsCranberry high molecular weight non‐dialyzable material (NDM), was derived from cranberry juice. Normal human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with G‐HSA or normal HSA or Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (1 μg/mL) ± G‐HSA, in the presence or absence of preincubation with NDM. IL‐6 and MMP‐3 were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and Scheffe's F procedure.ResultsIL‐6 production was stimulated by G‐HSA or LPS (p < 0.01), which was inhibited in both cases by NDM (p < 0.002). [G‐HSA+LPS] synergistically stimulated IL‐6 production (p < 0.0001), which was inhibited by NDM. MMP‐3 levels were not stimulated by G‐HSA but were decreased by LPS (p < 0.02). [G‐HSA+LPS] increased MMP‐3 production significantly, vs. LPS (p = 0.0005). NDM inhibited MMP‐3 levels in the presence of G‐HSA or LPS, and in the presence of [G‐HSA+LPS] (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsG‐HSA ± LPS may have differential effects on IL‐6 and MMP‐3 production by human gingival fibroblasts, but both are inhibited by NDM. The study suggests that cranberry phenols may be useful in regulating the host response and perhaps treating periodontitis in patients with poorly controlled diabetes.
Participants’ Reactions to and Suggestions for Conducting Intimate Partner Violence Research: A Study of Rural Young Adults
Authors: Edwards Katie M. , Greaney Kayleigh , Palmer Kelly M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo document rural young adults’ reasons for emotional reactions to participating in intimate partner violence (IPV) research as well as to hear young adults’ perspectives on how to most effectively conduct comprehensive IPV research in their rural communities.MethodsThe data presented in this paper draw from 2 studies (ie, an online survey study and an in‐person or telephone interview study) that included the same 16 US rural counties in New England and Appalachia. Participants, 47% of whom were in both studies, were young (age range 18‐24), white (92%‐94%), heterosexual (89%‐90%), female (62%‐68%), and mostly low to middle income.FindingsNine percent of participants reported they were upset by the questions due to personal experiences with IPV or for other reasons not related to personal IPV experiences. Forty percent of participants reported they personally benefited from participating in the study, and they provided various reasons for this benefit. Regarding suggestions for conducting IPV research with rural young adults, participants believed that both online recruitment and online data collection methods were the best ways to engage young adults, although many participants suggested that more than 1 modality was ideal, which underscores the need for multimethod approaches when conducting research with rural young adults.ConclusionsThese findings are reassuring to those committed to conducting research on sensitive topics with rural populations and also shed light on best practices for conducting this type of research from the voices of rural young adults themselves.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA) Screening and Its Outcomes in New Zealand
Authors: Obertová Zuzana , Hodgson Fraser , Scott‐Jones Joseph , Brown Charis , Lawrenson Ross 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeTo examine prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening patterns and outcomes in rural and urban men in New Zealand.MethodsMen aged 40+ years were identified from 18 rural and 13 urban general practices across the Midland Cancer Network region. Computerized practice records were cross‐referenced with community laboratory data to ascertain the number and level of PSA tests undertaken in 2010 and 3 years prior. For men with an elevated PSA result in 2010, practice records were searched for information on specialist visits, and they were cross‐referenced with histology reports regarding biopsy and prostate cancer diagnosis.FindingsThe study population included 34,960 men aged 40+ years, of whom 48% were enrolled in rural practices. Men in rural practices were 43% less likely to be screened with a PSA test in 2010, but they were 53% more likely to have an elevated PSA result. The prostate cancer detection rate from all screened men was 6 per 1,000 for rural men compared with 3 per 1,000 for urban men. Rural men were more likely diagnosed with Gleason score 9 tumors and metastatic disease.ConclusionSignificant differences were found in PSA screening patterns between rural and urban general practices. Due to lower screening rates, rural men were more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer when screened and also seemed to be diagnosed with more advanced disease compared with urban men. Despite ongoing discussions about the benefits and harms of PSA screening, PSA testing as such seems to be under‐utilized in New Zealand rural practices.
The Rising Rate of Rural Hospital Closures
Authors: Kaufman Brystana G. , Thomas Sharita R. , Randolph Randy K. , Perry Julie R. , Thompson Kristie W. , Holmes George M. , Pink George H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPurposeSince 2010, the rate of rural hospital closures has increased significantly. This study is a preliminary look at recent closures and a formative step in research to understand the causes and the impact on rural communities.MethodsThe 2009 financial performance and market characteristics of rural hospitals that closed from 2010 through 2014 were compared to rural hospitals that remained open during the same period, stratified by critical access hospitals (CAHs) and other rural hospitals (ORHs). Differences were tested using Pearson's chi‐square (categorical variables) and Wilcoxon rank test of medians. The relationships between negative operating margin and (1) market factors and (2) utilization/staffing factors were explored using logistic regression.FindingsIn 2009, CAHs that subsequently closed from 2010 through 2014 had, in general, lower levels of profitability, liquidity, equity, patient volume, and staffing. In addition, ORHs that closed had smaller market shares and operated in markets with smaller populations compared to ORHs that remained open. Odds of unprofitability were associated with both market and utilization factors. Although half of the closed hospitals ceased providing health services altogether, the remainder have since converted to an alternative health care delivery model.ConclusionsFinancial and market characteristics appear to be associated with closure of rural hospitals from 2010 through 2014, suggesting that it is possible to identify hospitals at risk of closure. As closure rates show no sign of abating, it is important to study the drivers of distress in rural hospitals, as well as the potential for alternative health care delivery models.
Preserved calibration of persistence based on delay‐timing distribution during sleep deprivation
Authors: Massar Stijn A. A. , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe frequently encounter decisions where we have to determine whether to wait for a certain reward delayed for an uncertain duration or to move on. The appropriate decision depends upon the underlying temporal distribution of the delay. With some distributions it is best to be completely persistent, whereas in others it is more appropriate to abandon waiting after a certain period of time. The current study examined whether the ability to form temporal expectations and adjust persistence accordingly is compromised by sleep deprivation. Participants performed a willingness‐to‐wait task either in a well‐rested state or after a night of total sleep deprivation. Participants had to decide either to wait for a larger reward or to abandon waiting in favour of a smaller immediate reward. Delays were drawn from either a uniform distribution, where being persistent yields maximal returns, or from a heavy‐tailed distribution, where occasional long delays render full persistence suboptimal. In spite of increased sleepiness and decreased vigilance, sleep‐deprived participants were able to adjust waiting time appropriate to the experienced timing distribution. Additionally, sleep deprivation did not affect the foreperiod effect, indicating intact perception of conditional probability of temporal events and ability to adjust preparation accordingly.