bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic instability during anesthesia in an adolescent with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome: a case report
Authors: Bunting Alexandra C. , Bould M. Dylan 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe present a case of a 12‐year‐old male with Loeys‐Dietz syndrome (LDS), a rare life‐threatening genetic disorder. Multiple manifestations of LDS were present, including easy bruising, aortic root dilatation, multiple areas of vessel tortuosity, and joint laxity. The patient's medications included a beta‐blocker and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist for prophylaxis against further aortic root dilatation due to his LDS. He experienced intraoperative hemodynamic instability and became pulseless during an orthopedic procedure, which had to be abandoned. Anesthesia was reattempted 2 days after cessation of the patient's antihypertensive medications and was successful with only minor postoperative hypertension.
Association Between Human Pain‐Related Genotypes and Variability in Opioid Analgesia: An Updated Review
Authors: Nielsen Lecia M. , Olesen Anne E. , Branford Ruth , Christrup Lona L. , Sato Hiroe , Drewes Asbjørn M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOn an individual level, there is a difference in the analgesic response to a given opioid. Various factors such as gender, age, and genetic variation can affect the analgesic response. The genetic variation can influence pharmacokinetics (eg drug transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes) and/or pharmacodynamics (eg opioid receptor and catechol‐O‐methyltransferase enzymes). We present recent experimentally induced pain, postoperative pain, and cancer pain and chronic non‐malignant pain conditions studies in humans, focusing on the association between genetic variation and analgesic response assessed as opioid consumption or changes in pain scores. Studies have shown promising results regarding pharmacogenetics as a diagnostic tool for predicting the individual response to a given opioid in the experimental settings; however, in the clinic, it is a more complicated task to accomplish.
A novel noninvasive procedure for high‐throughput screening of major seed traits
Authors: Rolletschek Hardy , Fuchs Johannes , Friedel Svetlana , Börner Andreas , Todt Harald , Jakob Peter M. , Borisjuk Ljudmilla 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe large numbers of samples processed in breeding and biodiversity programmes require the development of efficient methods for the nondestructive evaluation of basic seed properties. Near‐infrared spectroscopy is the state‐of‐the‐art solution for this analytical demand, but it also has some limitations. Here, we present a novel, rapid, accurate procedure based on time domain‐nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR), designed to simultaneously quantify a number of basic seed traits without any seed destruction. Using a low‐field, benchtop 1H‐NMR instrument, the procedure gives a high‐accuracy measurement of oil content (R2 = 0.98), carbohydrate content (R2 = 0.99), water content (R2 = 0.98) and both fresh and dry weight of seeds/grains (R2 = 0.99). The method requires a minimum of ~20 mg biomass per sample and thus enables to screen individual, intact seeds. When combined with an automated sample delivery system, a throughput of ~1400 samples per day is achievable. The procedure has been trialled as a proof of concept on cereal grains (collection of ~3000 accessions of Avena spp. curated at the IPK genebank). A mathematical multitrait selection approach has been designed to simplify the selection of outlying (most contrasting) accessions. To provide deeper insights into storage oil topology, some oat accessions were further analysed by three‐dimensional seed modelling and lipid imaging. We conclude that the novel TD‐NMR‐based screening tool opens perspectives for breeding and plant biology in general.
Role of the cystathionine γ lyase/hydrogen sulfide pathway in human melanoma progression
Authors: Panza Elisabetta , De Cicco Paola , Armogida Chiara , Scognamiglio Giosuè , Gigantino Vincenzo , Botti Gerardo , Germano Domenico , Napolitano Maria , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Bucci Mariarosaria , Cirino Giuseppe , Ianaro Angela 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn humans, two main metabolic enzymes synthesize hydrogen sulfide (H2S): cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthase (CBS). A third enzyme, 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3‐MST), synthesizes H2S in the presence of the substrate 3‐mercaptopyruvate (3‐MP). The immunohistochemistry analysis performed on human melanoma samples demonstrated that CSE expression was highest in primary tumors, decreased in the metastatic lesions and was almost silent in non‐lymph node metastases. The primary role played by CSE was confirmed by the finding that the overexpression of CSE induced spontaneous apoptosis of human melanoma cells. The same effect was achieved using different H2S donors, the most active of which was diallyl trisulfide (DATS). The main pro‐apoptotic mechanisms involved were suppression of nuclear factor‐κB activity and inhibition of AKT and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathways. A proof of concept was obtained in vivo using a murine melanoma model. In fact, either l‐cysteine, the CSE substrate, or DATS inhibited tumor growth in mice. In conclusion, we have determined that the l‐cysteine/CSE/H2S pathway is involved in melanoma progression.
Copy number variation of GATA4 and NKX2‐5 in Chinese fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wang Jing , Liu Shanling , Deng Ying , Liu Hongqian , Li Nana , Li Shengli , Chen Xinlin , Lin Yuan , Wang He , Zhu Jun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundCongenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects in newborns. The etiology of CHD has remained largely unknown, but it is assumed to result from the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors. Recent investigations have detected potentially pathogenic copy number variations (CNV) in a proportion of patients with CHD. The present case–control study evaluated whether CNV in the GATA4 and NKX2‐5 genes contribute to the pathogenesis of CHD in Chinese fetuses (n = 117), by comparing them with non‐CHD control subjects (n = 100).MethodsMultiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification with the P311A probe mixture was used to detect CNV.ResultsThe normalized signals were within the normal range for all exons in all CHD patients and non‐CHD control subjects. Of the 117 CHD patients, three had a deletion of 22q11, and two had a duplication of 22q11.ConclusionsThere was no evidence of a role for NKX2‐5 and GATA4 CNV in fetal CHD; therefore, these CNV may not be common in fetal CHD in China.
Long‐term therapeutic effectiveness of maintenance enteral nutrition for Crohn's disease
Authors: Konno Mutsuko , Takahashi Michiko , Toita Nariaki , Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Nojima Masanori 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term effectiveness of enteral nutrition for maintaining remission in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) is poorly documented. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the long‐term effectiveness of enteral nutrition with aminosalicylates as maintenance therapy for those in whom remission was primarily induced by total parenteral nutrition or exclusive enteral nutrition with aminosalicylates.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data for 58 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed CD during a median follow‐up period of 50 months (range, 12–216 months). Data for remission‐induced patients in whom enteral nutrition with aminosalicylates was used as maintenance therapy were analyzed with particular reference to time to first relapse and time to first intestinal surgery.ResultsTwenty‐five (43.1%) of the patients relapsed with a median duration of remission of 32.4 months (range, 6–73.2 months). The cumulative rates of continuous remission were 0.88 (95%CI: 0.79–0.96) at 1 year, 0.73 (95%CI: 0.61–0.85) at 2 years, and 0.52 (95%CI: 0.35–0.68) at 5 years. None of the patients received corticosteroids, immunomodulators or anti‐tumor necrosis factor agents until relapse. Disease location had no impact on timing of relapse, but with regard to disease behavior there was a trend towards earlier relapse in patients with penetrating type. Only six of the 58 patients (10.3%) needed intestinal surgery. There was a trend towards need for surgery in patients with ileal disease and with stricturing type.ConclusionsEnteral nutrition therapy with aminosalicylates is effective for maintaining remission and decreasing the rate of intestinal surgery in pediatric CD.
Neonatal clavicular fracture: Recent 10 year study
Authors: Ahn Eun Sub , Jung Moon Sun , Lee Yeon Kyung , Ko Sun Young , Shin Son Moon , Hahn Myung Hoon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe clavicle is the bone most frequently fractured during the delivery process.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all births with clavicular fractures from January 2003 to December 2012. Risk factors for fracture were determined and then compared to the control group. The data were compared and analyzed with previous studies.ResultsThree hundred and nineteen cases of clavicular fracture (0.41% of total live births, n = 77 543) were identified. Prior to discharge, 275 cases (86.2%) were detected, and 44 cases (13.8%) were not detected until after discharge. Physical examination identified 144 cases (45.1%), while 175 cases (54.9%) were identified on chest X‐ray incidentally. All babies with fracture, including five (1.6%) with brachial plexus palsy, recovered without treatment. Vacuum delivery was associated with a significantly higher incidence of clavicular fracture, as were mothers of advanced age with relatively shorter height. High birthweight, low head to chest circumference ratio and low Apgar score were other variables also significantly associated with clavicular fracture. On logistic regression analysis vacuum delivery and birthweight were significant risk factors. When analyzing and comparing findings from previous studies, only birthweight was identified as common to the risk factors affecting clavicular fracture.ConclusionMajor risk factors for clavicular fracture were vacuum delivery and birthweight. Considering the previous studies together, neonatal clavicular fracture appears to be a transient event without sequelae and most probably not preventable during birth.
Immunity in urogenital protozoa
Authors: Malla N. , Goyal K. , Dhanda R. S. , Yadav M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryInnate and adaptive immunity play a significant role in urogenital infections. Innate immunity is provided by the epithelial cells and mucus lining along with acidic pH, which forms a strong physical barrier against the pathogens in female reproductive tract. Cells of innate immune system, antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, chemokines and adaptive immunity in the reproductive tract are evolved during infection, and a pro‐inflammatory response is generated to fight against the invading pathogenTrichomonas vaginalis, a primary urogenital protozoa, the etiological agent of human trichomoniasis, a curable sexually transmitted infection. The involvement of the urogenital tract by other protozoal infections such asP. falciparum,Trypanosoma,Leishmania,Toxoplasma,Entamoeba histolyticaandAcanthamoebainfection is rarely reported.Trichomonasinduce pro‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive responses in infected subjects. Multifactorial pathogenic mechanisms including parasite adherence, cysteine proteases, lipophosphoglycan, free radical, cytokine generation andToll‐like receptors appear to interplay with the induction of local and systemic immune responses that ultimately determine the outcome of the infection. However, the involvement of urogenital pathogen‐specific immune mechanisms and effect of normal local resident flora on the outcome (symptomatic vs. asymptomatic) of infection are poorly understood. Moreover, immune interactions in trichomoniasis subjects co‐infected with bacterial and viral pathogens need to be elucidated.
Apicomplexan infections in the gut
Authors: Wilhelm C. L. , Yarovinsky F. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryToxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium parvum are intracellular protozoan parasites that establish infection through the small intestinal bowel after the ingestion of contaminated food products. These Apicomplexan parasites have emerged as an important cause of chronic and fatal disease in immunodeficient individuals, in addition to being investigated as possible triggers of inflammatory bowel disease. T. gondii disseminates to the brain and other tissues after infection, whereas C. parvum remains localized to the intestine. In the following review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of these parasitic diseases in the small intestine, the site of initial invasion. Themes include the sequence of invasion, the structure of Th1 immunity provoked by these parasites and the contribution of intestinal microbiota to the development of the mucosal immune response.
The Confluence of Academia and Industry: A Case Study of theTaiwanese Biopharmaceutical Innovation System
Authors: Chen Shih‐Hsin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis study challenges existing literature which maintains that technology latecomers usually depend on imported technologies to develop emerging high‐tech sectors. This paper argues that the domestic institutional environment in facilitating networking might be more important for developing academia‐industry (A‐I) networks. The co‐evolution of institutions and the knowledge transfer process in theTaiwanese Biopharmaceutical Innovation System (TBPIS) is a case in point. Far from relying purely on foreign technologies, several important institutional and policy changes, which transform the institutional environment from prohibitingA‐Iintertwining into encouragingA‐Icollaborations, have enabled domestic research institutes to influence the acquisition, creation, and diffusion of knowledge in the innovation network. Nonetheless, the country continues to struggle in commercializing domestic scientific research to step into a knowledge‐based economy. Therefore, this paper suggests that more productive strategies would be helpful to advance domestic academic research, sustainA‐Inetworks, and strengthen the innovation system.
Diversity of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin‐Like Receptor Genes in the Bengali Population of Northern West Bengal, India
Authors: Guha P. , Bhattacharjee S. , Chaudhuri T. K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Indian Subcontinent exhibits extensive diversity in its culture, religion, ethnicity and linguistic heritage, which symbolizes extensive genetic variations within the populations. The highly polymorphic Killer cell Immunoglobulin‐like Receptor (KIR) family plays an important role in tracing genetic differentiation in human population. In this study, we aimed to analyse the KIR gene polymorphism in the Bengali population of northern West Bengal, India. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the KIR gene polymorphism in the Bengalis of West Bengal, India. Herein, we have studied the distribution of 14 KIR genes (KIR3DL1‐3DL3, KIR2DL1‐2DL5, KIR2DS1‐2DS5 AND KIR3DS1) and two pseudogenes (KIR3DP1 and 2DP1) in the Bengalis. Apart from the framework genes (KIR2DL4, 3DL2, 3DL3 and 3DP1), which are present in all the individuals, the gene frequencies of other KIR genes varied between 0.34 and 0.88. Moreover, upon comparing the KIR polymorphism of the Bengalis with the available published data of other world populations, it has been found that the Indo‐European‐speaking Bengalis from the region share both Dravidian and Indo‐Aryan gene pool with considerable influences of mongoloid and European descents. Furthermore, evidences from previously published data on human leucocyte antigen and Y‐chromosome haplogroup diversity support the view. Our results will help to understand the genetic background of the Bengali population, in illustrating the population migration events in the eastern and north‐eastern part of India, in explaining the extensive genetic admixture amongst the different linguistic groups of the region and also in KIR‐related disease researches.
Pre‐Alpine discordant granitic dikes in the metamorphic core of the Betic Cordillera: tectonic implications
Authors: Sánchez‐Navas Antonio , García‐Casco Antonio , Martín‐Algarra Agustín 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPegmatite dikes bearing andalusite crosscut foliation S2 in Alpujarride gneisses and schists. Post‐S2 andalusite is transposed by a foliation S3, defined by fibrolite, which affects the dikes. The dikes represent highly differentiated granitic magmas with low REE and Zr contents and a positive Eu anomaly. U‐Pb SHRIMP dating of magmatic zircons provided Pan‐African ages (cores) and late Variscan ages (rims). However, U‐rich rims also provided metamorphic Alpine ages, supporting a polyorogenic tectonometamorphic history for pre‐Mesozoic Alpujarride rocks.
Network or Hierarchical Relations? A Plea for Redirecting Attention to the Control Functions of Global Cities
Authors: Parnreiter Christof 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe paper discusses in a personal appreciation of the literature whether the ‘interlocking world city network model’ (IWCNM) has contributed to overcoming the evidential crisis of world or global city research. After a brief summary of the main arguments made by JohnFriedmann and Saskia Sassen, the paper deduces methodological implications that follow from their economic‐geographical conceptualisation of global cities. In the third and fourth sections of the paper I recapitulate the rationale(s) given byPeterTaylor for theIWCNMand assess the model's contribution to empirically corroborating the global city concept. The paper's main claim is that theIWCNMbypasses the theoretical core of the global city paradigm, for which reason an evidential crisis continues to undermine the strength of the global city argument. Accordingly, in the last section of the paper a research strategy is proposed that is apt to take global city studies a step forward.
Cities As Networks within Networks of Cities: The Evolution of the City/Firm‐Duality in the World City Network, 2000–2010
Authors: Liu Xingjian , Derudder Ben , Witlox Frank , Hoyler Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe explore the temporal evolution of cities and firms (i.e. both modes) in a two‐mode intercity corporate network formed by 50 leading advanced producer service firms across 154 cities for the years 2000 and 2010. Drawing upon one‐mode network projection and three network centralities, we assess the shifting positions of individual cities and firms in the one‐mode intercity and interfirm networks. Major findings include: (1) the intercity network is more stable and hierarchical than the interfirm network; (2) brokerage functions, as captured by betweenness centrality, remain highly uneven for both cities and firms. For example, New York and London's distinct positions as the world's leading producer service centres remain intact; and (3) regional and sectoral tendencies are evident in terms of growth rates of centralities.
World City Network Research at a Theoretical Impasse: On the Need toRe‐Establish Qualitative Approaches to Understanding Agency in World City Networks
Authors: Watson Allan , Beaverstock Jonathan V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFrom the late 1990s, the establishment of a new relational ‘turn’ in the study of world city connectedness in globalisation has run parallel to the wider relational turn occurring in economic geography. Early work, built firmly upon a qualitative approach to the collection and analyses of new intercity datasets, considered cities as being constituted by their relations with other cities. Subsequent research, however, would take a strong quantitative turn, best demonstrated through the articulation of the inter‐locking world city network (ILWCN) ‘model’ for measuring relations between cities. In this paper, we develop a critique of research based around theILWCNmodel, arguing that this ‘top down’ quantitative approach has now reached a theoretical impasse. To address this impasse, we argue for a move away from structural approaches in which the firm is the main unit of analysis, towards qualitative approaches in which individual agency and practice are afforded greater importance.
European Global Cities in the Recent Economic Crisis
Authors: Musil Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMacroeconomic imbalances are a substantial characteristic of the recent economic crisis inEurope. As several authors emphasise the impact of the state, public institutions and territorial structures on the world city, the impact of the crisis on the economic performance of global cities becomes a crucial question. After discussing the theoretical aspects of the state – global city linkages and discussing two fields of influence on the global city formation, the empirical section analyses the deviation of national and regional growth performance to estimate the decoupling ofEuropean global cities from the national economies. The results show that the correlation betweenEuropean global cities and the national scale also depends on the form of capitalism and the territorial organisation of statehood.
Differential expression of THELPER1 cytokines upon antigen stimulation predicts ex vivo proliferative potential and cytokine production of virus‐specific T cells following re‐stimulation
Authors: Feucht J. , Leibold J. , Halder A. , Kayser S. , Hartl L. , Rammensee H.‐G. , Handgretinger R. , Feuchtinger T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionCytomegalovirus (CMV) and human adenovirus (ADV) infections are causes of morbidity after stem cell transplantation. Antigen (Ag)‐specific T cells are essential for the control of viral infections. However, in vivo expansion potential of T‐cell subpopulations is hardly predictable in humans. Furthermore, ex vivo identification of human T cells with repopulating capacity for adoptive T‐cell transfer has been difficult.MethodsWe analyzed Ag‐specific T‐cell populations, subdivided according to the expression of different THELPER‐1 (Th1) cytokines. Isolation by flow cytometry was based on interferon‐gamma (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, or tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) secretion of T cells after ex vivo stimulation with the Ags hexon (for ADV) and pp65 (for CMV). Isolated T cells were expanded and examined for functional characteristics, expansion/differentiation potential, and naïve, effector memory, central memory, and late effector phenotypes.ResultsIsolation based on IFN‐γ production provides a T‐cell population with a mixture of early, central memory, and effector memory T cells, high expansion potential, and effective cytokine production. Selection of T cells with Ag‐specific expression of IL‐2 or TNF‐α, however, results in a T‐cell population with reduced proliferation and lower effector potential after expansion.ConclusionWe conclude that the exclusive secretion of IFN‐γ in the human antiviral T‐cell responses preferentially leads to higher repopulation capacities of antiviral T cells, compared to IL‐2 or TNF‐α secreting T‐cell populations.