bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regression without regrets –initial data analysis is a prerequisite for multivariable regression
Authors: Heinze Georg , Baillie Mark , Lusa Lara , Sauerbrei Willi , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Harrell Frank E. , Huebner Marianne ,   on behalf of TG2 and TG3 of the STRATOS initiative
Published: August 2024

AbstractStatistical regression models are used for predicting outcomes based on the values of some predictor variables or for describing the association of an outcome with predictors. With a data set at hand, a regression model can be easily fit with standard software packages. This bears the risk that data analysts may rush to perform sophisticated analyses without sufficient knowledge of basic properties, associations in and errors of their data, leading to wrong interpretation and presentation of the modeling results that lacks clarity. Ignorance about special features of the data such as redundancies or particular distributions may even invalidate the chosen analysis strategy. Initial data analysis (IDA) is prerequisite to regression analyses as it provides knowledge about the data needed to confirm the appropriateness of or to refine a chosen model building strategy, to interpret the modeling results correctly, and to guide the presentation of modeling results. In order to facilitate reproducibility, IDA needs to be preplanned, an IDA plan should be included in the general statistical analysis plan of a research project, and results should be well documented. Biased statistical inference of the final regression model can be minimized if IDA abstains from evaluating associations of outcome and predictors, a key principle of IDA. We give advice on which aspects to consider in an IDA plan for data screening in the context of regression modeling to supplement the statistical analysis plan. We illustrate this IDA plan for data screening in an example of a typical diagnostic modeling project and give recommendations for data visualizations.
Clinical significance of transjugular liver biopsy in acute liver failure – a real-world analysis
Authors: Nalbant Bahar , Pape Thorben , Schneider Andrea , Seeliger Benjamin , Schirmer Paul , Heidrich Benjamin , Taubert Richard , Wedemeyer Heiner , Lenzen Henrike , Stahl Klaus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Histopathological characterization obtained by transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) may theoretically contribute to clarification of the exact aetiology of acute liver failure (ALF). It's unclear whether the histopathological information from TJLB, due to the small specimen size, significantly contributes to diagnosing ALF causes, guiding therapy decisions, or predicting overall prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to analyse safety and clinical significance of TJLB in patients with ALF.

Methods
This retrospective, monocentric study investigated safety and efficacy of TJLB in patients with ALF over a ten-year period at a tertiary care transplant-center. The predictive value of various clinical and laboratory characteristics as well as histopathological findings obtained by TJLB on 28-day liver-transplant-free survival were evaluated by calculating uni- and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression models. Additional univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the influence of degree of intrahepatic necrosis on the secondary endpoints intensive-care-unit (ICU) admission, need for endotracheal intubation, renal replacement therapy and high-urgency listing for LTX.

Results
A total of 43 patients with ALF receiving TJLB were included into the study. In most cases (n = 39/43 cases) TJLB confirmed the initially already clinically presumed ALF aetiology and the therapeutic approach was unchanged by additional histological examination in the majority of patients (36/43 cases). However, in patients with a high suspicion for aetiologies potentially treatable by medical immunosuppression (e.g. AIH, GvHD), TJLB significantly influenced further treatment planning and/or adjustment. While the degree of intrahepatic necrosis showed significance in the univariate analysis (p = 0.04), it did not demonstrate a significant predictive effect on liver transplant-free survival in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.1). Only consecutive ICU admission was more likely with higher extent of intrahepatic necrosis (Odds ratio (OR) 1.04 (95% CI 1–1.08), p = 0.046).

Conclusions
Performance of TJLB in ALF led to a change in suspected diagnosis and to a significant change in therapeutic measures only in those patients with a presumed high risk for aetiologies potentially responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Clinical assessment alone was accurate enough, with additional histopathological examination adding no significant value, to predict overall prognosis of patients with ALF.
HPV vaccine behaviors and intentions among a diverse sample of women aged 27-45 years: implications for shared clinical decision-making
Authors: Allen Jennifer D. , Abuelezam Nadia N. , Rose Raviv , Isakoff Katelin , Zimet Gregory , Fontenot Holly B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices issued a shared clinical decision-making (SCDM) recommendation for HPV vaccination in persons aged 27–45. Since expanded eligibility for the vaccine was issued, little information has been available about HPV vaccine behaviors and intentions among women in this age group.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among women aged 27–45 years recruited through a Qualtrics™ respondent panel (N = 324) to answer the following questions (1) What is the prevalence of HPV vaccination among a diverse sample of adult women aged 27–45 years? (2) What are the characteristics of those who have or have not previously been vaccinated? and (3) What factors are associated with the intention to obtain the HPV vaccine among those who had never been vaccinated? Multivariable logistic regression analyses estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results
Only 31.1% had at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. In multivariable analyses, those more likely to have been vaccinated were younger and were more likely to believe that the vaccine was effective. Of those unvaccinated or unsure, 54.8% indicated they were likely to get vaccinated in the future. Factors associated with future vaccine intention (compared to those not intending) included beliefs about vaccine testing, perceived likelihood of HPV infection, greater comfort in asking one’s provider for vaccination, and prior negative healthcare experiences.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that many women in this age group are interested in HPV vaccination. While the recommendation is for SCDM rather than routine vaccination for all women in this age group, efforts to promote informed decision-making among mid-adult women may include educating women about the rigorous vaccine testing and approval process, their risk factors for HPV infection, and encouraging them to engage in SCDM with their medical providers. Targeted efforts to reach women who have had negative experiences with healthcare may also be needed.
Acceptability of HPV vaccination for cervical cancer prevention amongst emerging adult women in rural Mysore, India: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Coursey Kate , Muralidhar Kiranmayee , Srinivas Vijaya , Jaykrishna Poornima , Begum Fazila , Ningaiah Nagalambika , Lee Sung-Jae , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
India has the highest number of estimated deaths from cervical cancer globally, with most cases attributed to Human papillomavirus (HPV). The World Health Organization recommends primary HPV vaccination for girls ages 9–14, with catch-up vaccination for young women ≥ 15 if feasible. India authorized a new, inexpensive HPV vaccine in 2022; given anticipated vaccine expansion, we conducted a mixed-methods study exploring acceptability of HPV catch-up vaccination for young emerging adult women in rural Mysore, India.

Methods
Between September 2022-April 2023, participants were recruited with assistance from community health workers. In the qualitative phase, gender-stratified, audio-recorded focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted in Kannada with emerging adults ages 18–26. FGDs were transcribed, translated, and analyzed using rapid approach to identify key HPV vaccination attributes. In the quantitative phase, a conjoint analysis was conducted to assess the impact of seven vaccination attributes on likelihood to vaccinate (LTV). Women ages 18–26 ranked LTV in eight hypothetical vaccination scenarios, and the relative impact of each attribute on LTV was calculated. All participants received education about cervical cancer, HPV, and HPV vaccination.

Results
Fifty-two young adults (female = 31, male = 21) participated in seven FGDs, and 101 women participated in the conjoint analysis. Average age of the 153 participants was 22.5 years, 66.7% had married, and all had completed high school. Only 17.9% had heard of cervical cancer, and 2.7% knew of the HPV vaccine. FGDs identified seven HPV vaccination attributes: cost, vaccination location, family support, peer influence, dose number, side effects, and risk of acquiring HPV. In the conjoint analysis, all attributes except dose number significantly impacted LTV. Family support (impact score = 19.37, p < 0.0001) and peer influence (impact score = 18.01, p < 0.0001) had the greatest influence, followed by cost (impact score = 16.64, p < 0.0001) and HPV risk (impact score = 12.31, p < 0.0001). Vaccination location (government centers preferred) and side effects were also significant.

Conclusion
Participants had poor knowledge of cervical cancer and HPV. Social attributes (family support, peer influence) had greatest impacts on LTV, and future studies should explore family-based interventions and peer education. Providing free vaccines at government centers through India’s national immunization program would maximize catch-up HPV vaccination for rural young women.
Significance of scattered small echogenic foci floating in urinary bladder as ultrasonography finding in dogs
Authors: Moosavian Hamidreza , Masoudifard Majid , Zareh Maede Beiki , Jamshidi Shahram , Tamai Iraj Ashrafi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite the prevalence of echogenic foci floating in the urinary bladder seen in ultrasonography in dogs, surprisingly little has been written on its significance, including its potential association with urinalysis. The objective of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of the echogenic foci floating in urinary bladders in dogs.

Results
- Cystosonography was performed on 45 dogs. Bladder contents were examined and divided into positive (containing echogenic particles) and negative (absent echogenic particles) groups according to the presence and absence of floating echogenic particles. Five mL of urine was collected via cystocentesis. Urine analysis and culture were done and the relationship between ultrasound evaluation and urinalysis results was investigated. In dogs with bladder echogenic particles in ultrasonography, the prevalence of hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, and lipiduria were 88.9%, 92.6%, 29.6%, and 70.3%, respectively. However, in dogs in which echogenic particles were not observed in their bladders, the prevalence of hematuria, pyuria, bacteriuria, and lipiduria was 77%, 50%, 5.5%, and 77%, respectively. There was a significant association between bladder debris and positive urine culture, with an odds ratio of 7.15 (95% confidence interval: 0.81–63.28) compared with matched controls. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the presence of floating echogenic particles with pyuria, and urine color ( p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion
In conclusion, the present results showed the detection of bladder debris on ultrasound can be a predictor for pyuria and positive urine culture in dogs.
Evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients with clinically negative axilla using contrast enhanced ultrasonography
Authors: Jain Roshit , Khanna Rahul , Verma Ashish , Mishra Shashi Prakash , Meena Ram Niwas , Khanna Seema , Khanna Siddharth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractContrast enhanced ultrasonography enables dynamic evaluation of the microvasculature down to the capillaries when using high resolution ultrasound probes. It’s application in the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients with clinically negative axilla has been studied in 42 patients. The results of pre operative CEUS evaluation was correlated with histopathology status of axillary nodes after the harvesting of nodes during modified radical mastectomy or sentinel node biopsy. Heterogeneous enhancement with micro bubbles of the axillary nodes was found to be the most distinguishing criteria for malignant nodes.
Molecular signatures of normal pressure hydrocephalus: a large-scale proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Kamalian Aida , Shirzadeh Barough Siavash , Ho Sara G. , Albert Marilyn , Luciano Mark G. , Yasar Sevil , Moghekar Abhay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGiven the persistent challenge of differentiating idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) from similar clinical entities, we conducted an in-depth proteomic study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 28 shunt-responsive iNPH patients, 38 Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer’s disease, and 49 healthy controls. Utilizing the Olink Explore 3072 panel, we identified distinct proteomic profiles in iNPH that highlight significant downregulation of synaptic markers and cell-cell adhesion proteins. Alongside vimentin and inflammatory markers upregulation, these results suggest ependymal layer and transependymal flow dysfunction. Moreover, downregulation of multiple proteins associated with congenital hydrocephalus (e.g., L1CAM, PCDH9, ISLR2, ADAMTSL2, and B4GAT1) points to a possible shared molecular foundation between congenital hydrocephalus and iNPH. Through orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), a panel comprising 13 proteins has been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers of iNPH, pending external validation. These findings offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of iNPH, with implications for improved diagnosis.
Pozelimab for CHAPLE disease: results from in-trial interviews and clinical outcome assessments
Authors: Litcher-Kelly Leighann , Ozen Ahmet , Ollis Sarah , Feldman Hagit Baris , Yaworsky Andrew , Medrano Paolo , Chongsrisawa Voranush , Brackin Taylor , Perlee Lorah , Walker Marisa , Pradeep Sharanya , Lenardo Michael J. , Harari Olivier A. , Jalbert Jessica J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
CD55 deficiency with hyper-activation of complement, angiopathic thrombosis, and protein-losing enteropathy (CHAPLE) disease is ultra-rare (< 100 children or young adults worldwide) and potentially fatal. The study used mixed-methods approaches to assess how pozelimab impacts the signs and symptoms of CHAPLE disease from the patient perspective by combining within-trial interviews and clinical outcome assessments (COAs) (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04209634).

Methods
Interviews conducted with patients/caregivers at screening and week 24 assessed the signs and symptoms of CHAPLE disease, including those which were most bothersome, and evaluated the change. Patients/caregivers and clinicians completed the COAs; interview data contextualized the meaningfulness of change.

Results
Ten patients (aged 3–19 years) were enrolled; caregivers contributed to nine interviews. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, facial and peripheral edema, nausea, and vomiting are the core signs and symptoms of CHAPLE disease (≥ 90% patients experienced pre-treatment); the most bothersome signs and symptoms were abdominal pain (n = 9) and facial edema (n = 1). All core signs and symptoms were reported as resolved at week 24 interviews. Severity on global assessments changed from “mild” to “very severe” at baseline to “no signs or symptoms” at week 24. Interview results were generally consistent with sign- or symptom-specific COA scores.

Conclusions
Patients with CHAPLE disease treated with pozelimab for 24 weeks experienced complete resolution of core signs and symptoms. Mixed-methods approaches can contextualize the patient experience (how patients feel and function) in rare disease trials.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04209634, registered December 24, 2019, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04209634.
Flexural Behavior Evaluation for Seismic, Durability and Structure Performance Improvement of Aged Bridge According to Reinforcement Methods
Authors: Kim Tae-Kyun , Park Jong-Sup 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmong infrastructure, concrete bridges are the most exposed to various environmental effects. Structural degradation occurs due to natural and artificial influences shortening the lifespan of the structure. Therefore, bridges need to be reinforced over time. The structures used in this study are re-formed using aged bridge floor decks that have been used for 50 years, approximately. The fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) adhesion method, using sheets and plate forms, was selected among various reinforcement methods to investigate the performance of reinforced structures. We have tested various reinforcement scenarios including one and two layers FRP sheets and FRP plates. The mechanical properties of the reinforced structures were evaluated experimentally through tensile strength and flexural test experiments. In contrast to most available literature focused on model-based studies, our present work represents an experimental test validation of structural reinforcement on an actual bridge. Our results indicate that fiber-based reinforcement in sheet form exhibits higher performances of the reinforced structure compared to reinforcement using the plate form. This study is intended to provide sufficient data for reinforcing bridge floors that could be used for reference at future construction sites.
Proteomic stable isotope probing with an upgraded Sipros algorithm for improved identification and quantification of isotopically labeled proteins
Authors: Xiong Yi , Mueller Ryan S. , Feng Shichao , Guo Xuan , Pan Chongle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Proteomic stable isotope probing (SIP) is used in microbial ecology to trace a non-radioactive isotope from a labeled substrate into de novo synthesized proteins in specific populations that are actively assimilating and metabolizing the substrate in a complex microbial community. The Sipros algorithm is used in proteomic SIP to identify variably labeled proteins and quantify their isotopic enrichment levels (atom%) by performing enrichment-resolved database searching.

Results
In this study, Sipros was upgraded to improve the labeled protein identification, isotopic enrichment quantification, and database searching speed. The new Sipros 4 was compared with the existing Sipros 3, Calisp, and MetaProSIP in terms of the number of identifications and the accuracy and precision of atom% quantification on both the peptide and protein levels using standard E. coli cultures with 1.07 atom%, 2 atom%, 5 atom%, 25 atom%, 50 atom%, and 99 atom% 13C enrichment. Sipros 4 outperformed Calisp and MetaProSIP across all samples, especially in samples with ≥ 5 atom% 13C labeling. The computational speed on Sipros 4 was > 20 times higher than Sipros 3 and was on par with the overall speed of Calisp- and MetaProSIP-based pipelines. Sipros 4 also demonstrated higher sensitivity for the detection of labeled proteins in two 13C-SIP experiments on a real-world soil community. The labeled proteins were used to trace 13C from 13C-methanol and 13C-labeled plant exudates to the consuming soil microorganisms and their newly synthesized proteins.

Conclusion
Overall, Sipros 4 improved the quality of the proteomic SIP results and reduced the computational cost of SIP database searching, which will make proteomic SIP more useful and accessible to the border community.
What caused the record-low frequency of western North Pacific tropical cyclones in autumn 2023?
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J. , Wei Na , Duan Yihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeptember–November (e.g., autumn) 2023 produced the fewest western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) since 1951, likely as a joint response to El Niño and a warm phase of the North Pacific Mode (NPM). Decreases in both TC genesis frequency and two genesis potential indices (GPIs) over the western WNP were likely the result of El Niño-induced and warm NPM-induced negative low-level relative vorticity anomalies. Over the eastern WNP, TC genesis and GPI reductions were also associated with vorticity decreases over the eastern WNP, where the TC-suppressing effect of the warm NPM surpassed the TC-favoring effect of El Niño. The changes in vorticity were further linked to anomalous anticyclones centered over the South China Sea and the midlatitude central North Pacific. A linear combination of the responses to El Niño and a warm NPM can explain the changes in TC genesis and low-level circulation over most of the WNP in 2023, except east of 160°E where other climate modes may have played more of a role.
Reckoning of antiurolithiatic effect of Flemingia Strobilifera R. BR using ethylene glycol-induced urolithiatic animal model: demystifying traditional medicine
Authors: Kumar Anil , V. Anil Kumar K. , Rani Swaroopa , Rao Suguna , B S. Girish , Johns Joel M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundUrolithiasis is a painful condition and current treatment doesn’t assure the prevention of recurrence. This research aims to demonstrate the scientific reliability of Chloroform leaf extract ofFlemingia StrobiliferaR.Br. (CEFS) for antiurolithiatic activity using ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis model.ResultsEthylene glycol (EG) was used to induce hyperoxaluria in male Wistar rats. The rats were grouped into 7-groups containing six each. Group I and II served as negative and positive control, group III received standard treatment, whereas Group IV to VII served as testing groups. CEFS of 30 mg/kg body-weight and 60 mg/kg body-weight was used as a preventive and curative regimen. The urine biochemistry was analysed for the presence of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and oxalate. The rats were sacrificed for histopathological examination and LDH detection. The 24-hours urine volume was increased in both EG-treated groups as well as CEFS-treated groups, indicating the diuretic activity of plant. CEFS dose-dependently inhibited urine excretion of phosphate, calcium, and oxalate compared to the positive-control group. The histopathological examination of CEFS-treated rats’ kidneys had reduced loss of renal structure and lessened deposition of calcium oxalate crystals.ConclusionCEFS exhibited significant antiurolithiatic activity by reducing supersaturation of urine and excretion of stone forming components.