bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Ability of Rheoencephalography to Measure Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Brazovskii Konstantin S. , Pekker Jacov S. , Umanskii Oleg S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Despite the long history of rheoencephalography (REG), some important aspects of the method are still debatable. Bioimpedance measurements offer great potential benefit for study of the human brain, but the traditional four or six electrode method suffers from potential misinterpretations and lack of accuracy. The objective of this paper is to study the possible mechanism of REG formation by means of numerical modelling using a realistic finite element model of the human head. It is shown that the cardiac related variations in electrical resistivity of the scalp contributes more than 60% to the REG amplitude, whereas the brain and cerebrospinal fluid are mutually compensated by each over.
Label‐Free Biomedical Imaging of Lipids by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Ramachandran Prasanna V. , Mutlu Ayse Sena , Wang Meng C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAdvances in modern optical microscopy have provided unparalleled tools to study intracellular structure and function, yet visualizing lipid molecules within a cell remains challenging. Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy is a recently developed imaging modality that addresses this challenge. By selectively imaging the vibration of chemical moieties enriched in lipids, this technique allows for rapid imaging of lipid molecules in vivo without the need for perturbative extrinsic labels. SRS microscopy has been effectively employed in the study of fat metabolism, helping uncover novel regulators of lipid storage. This unit provides a brief introduction to the principle of SRS microscopy, and describes methods for its use in imaging lipids in cells, tissues, and whole organisms. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Whole Blood Measurement of Histone Modifications Linked to the Epigenetic Regulation of Gene Expression
Authors: Watson Maria , Hedley David 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRapid progress is being made to understand the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the epigenetic control of gene expression through histone modification. It is now recognized that this plays a major role in normal development and disease. This unit describes the application of flow cytometry to the study of epigenetic mechanisms by combining labeling of individual histone modifications and phenotypic markers, and it also discusses practical issues to optimize staining. The focus is on normal blood and samples from leukemia patients, but it can also be applied to cells grown in tissue culture. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Application of Click Chemistry Conditions for 5‐Bromo‐2′‐Deoxyuridine Determination Through Fenton and Related Reactions
Authors: Cappella Paolo , Pulici Maurizio , Gasparri Fabio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMixtures of ascorbate and copper used in certain click chemistry experimental conditions act as oxidizing agents, catalyzing the formation of reactive oxygen species through Fenton and related reactions. Hydroxyl radicals act as chemical nucleases, introducing DNA strand breaks that can be exploited for BrdU immunostaining in place of acid denaturation. This procedure is readily applicable to high content analysis and flow cytometry assays, and provides results comparable to click chemistry EdU cycloaddition and classical BrdU immunodetection. Importantly, this approach allows preservation of labile epitopes such as phosphoproteins. This unit describes an optimized method that successfully employs Fenton chemistry for simultaneous detection of phosphoproteins and BrdU in intact cells. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Digital Data Acquisition and Processing
Authors: Naivar Mark A. , Galbraith David W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA flow cytometer is made up of many different subsystems that work together to measure the optical properties of individual cells within a sample. The data acquisition system (also called the data system) is one of these subsystems, and it is responsible for converting the electrical signals from the optical detectors into list‐mode data. This unit describes the inner workings of the data system, and provides insight into how the instrument functions as a whole. Some of the information provided in this unit is applicable to everyday use of these instruments, and, at minimum, should make it easier for the reader to assemble a specific data system. With the considerable advancement of electronics technology, it becomes possible to build an entirely functional data system using inexpensive hobbyist‐level electronics. This unit covers both analog and digital data systems, but the primary focus is on the more prevalent digital data systems of modern flow cytometric instrumentation. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM)
Authors: Adams Michael W. , Loftus Andrew F. , Dunn Sarah E. , Joens Matthew S. , Fitzpatrick James A.J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe development of confocal microscopy techniques introduced the ability to optically section fluorescent samples in the axial dimension, perpendicular to the image plane. These approaches, via the placement of a pinhole in the conjugate image plane, provided superior resolution in the axial (z) dimension resulting in nearly isotropic optical sections. However, increased axial resolution, via pinhole optics, comes at the cost of both speed and excitation efficiency. Light sheet fluorescent microscopy (LSFM), a century‐old idea made possible with modern developments in both excitation and detection optics, provides sub‐cellular resolution and optical sectioning capabilities without compromising speed or excitation efficiency. Over the past decade, several variations of LSFM have been implemented each with its own benefits and deficiencies. Here we discuss LSFM fundamentals and outline the basic principles of several major light‐sheet‐based imaging modalities (SPIM, inverted SPIM, multi‐view SPIM, Bessel beam SPIM, and stimulated emission depletion SPIM) while considering their biological relevance in terms of intrusiveness, temporal resolution, and sample requirements. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Semi‐Automated Object Tracking Methods in Biological Imaging
Authors: Davis Michael A. , Pražský Ondřej , Sysko Laura R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTime‐lapse imaging is a rich data source offering potential kinetic information of cellular activity and behavior. Tracking and extracting measurements of objects from time‐lapse datasets are challenges that result from the complexity and dynamics of each object's motion and intensity or the appearance of new objects in the field of view. A wide range of strategies for proper data sampling, object detection, image analysis, and post‐analysis interpretation are available. Theory and methods for single‐particle tracking, spot detection, and object linking are discussed in this unit, as well as examples with step‐by‐step procedures for utilizing semi‐automated software and visualization tools for achieving tracking results and interpreting this output. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decadal‐scale variations in geomagnetic field intensity from ancientCypriot slag mounds
Authors: Shaar Ron , Tauxe Lisa , Ben‐Yosef Erez , Kassianidou Vasiliki , Lorentzen Brita , Feinberg Joshua M. , Levy Thomas E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGeomagnetic models based on direct observations since the 1830s show that the averaged relative change in field intensity on Earth's surface over the past 170 years is less than 4.8% per decade. It is unknown if these rates represent the typical behavior of secular variations due to insufficient temporal resolution of archaeomagnetic records from earlier periods. To address this question, we investigate two ancient slag mounds in Cyprus—Skouriotissa Vouppes (SU1, fourth to fifth centuries CE, 21 m in height), and Mitsero Kokkinoyia (MK1, seventh to fifth centuries BCE, 8 m in height). The mounds are multilayered sequences of slag and charcoals that accumulated near ancient copper production sites. We modeled the age‐height relation of the mounds using radiocarbon dates, and estimated paleointensities using Thellier‐type IZZI experiments with additional anisotropy, cooling rate, and nonlinear TRM assessments. To screen out ambiguous paleointensity interpretations, we applied strict selection criteria at the specimen/sample levels. To ensure objectivity, consistency, and robust error estimation, we employed an automatic interpretation technique and put the data available in the MagIC database. The analyses yielded two independent subcentury‐scale paleointensity time series. The MK1 data indicate relatively stable field at the time the mound accumulated. In contrast, the SU1 data demonstrate changes that are comparable in magnitude to the fastest changes inferred from geomagnetic models. We suggest that fast changes observed in the published archaeomagnetic data from the Levant are driven by two longitudinally paired regions, the Middle East and South Africa, that show unusual activity in geomagnetic models.
New Urbanisation under Globalisation and the Social Implications in China
Authors: Hu Biliang , Chen Chunlai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractChina launched a new urbanisation programme for the period of 2014–2020. The new urbanisation programme will produce positive impacts on China's social and economic development through focusing on integrated urban and rural development, creating city clusters and promoting sustainable urban development. However, the new urbanisation programme may also bring some new social and economic problems, like widening the gap in urban development between different regions in China, leading to the formation of a new urban poor class, based on the current design and implementation. To minimise the negative effect, we suggest to better deal with the relationships between market and government and between economic and social development in the process of urbanisation. We argue that the key is to allow the market to determine the flows of capital, land and people in the process of urbanisation so as to achieve a sustainable development of China's urbanisation.
An initial assessment of observations from the Suomi‐NPP satellite: data from the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
Authors: Smith Andrew , Atkinson Nigel , Bell William , Doherty Amy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper gives an appraisal of the hyperspectral Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on board the Suomi‐NPP satellite, for use in numerical weather prediction (NWP) at the Met Office. The quality of CrIS data is assessed by comparison with short‐range NWP forecasts, and the impact on forecasts is evaluated using results from assimilation experiments. The impact of assimilating CrIS and the complementary microwave sounder ATMS (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounding Unit) together is also presented.
Applying the Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics to Couples: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Primary Care
Authors: O'Flynn Anne Marie , McHugh Sheena M. , Madden Jamie M. , Harrington Janas M. , Perry Ivan J. , Kearney Patricia M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research on overall cardiovascular (CV) health among couples. Our aim was to examine concordance levels forCVhealth among couples, using the American Heart Association ideal health metrics, and to investigate if theCVhealth of an individual is associated with that of his or her partner.HypothesisThere is a positive association between the overall cardiovascular health of an individual and that of his/her partner.MethodsThe Mitchelstown Study is a community‐based cohort study of middle‐aged Irish adults. Potential couples were identified as 2 study participants living at the same address. This list was cross‐referenced with self‐reported marital status and telephone number in the electronic patient record. Information onCVhealth metrics (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose) was collected using standardized methods. Participants were categorized as ideal, intermediate, or poor for each of the metrics and for overallCVhealth. The 0‐ to 14‐pointCVhealth metrics score was compared within couples using linear regression.ResultsOf 2047 participants, 191 potential couples were identified. We excluded 6 sibling pairs, 1 divorced couple, and 3 couples who self‐reported being single. The analysis includes 181 couples. There were significant associations between partners for smoking, diet, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose (P< 0.05). No couple had idealCVhealth (ie, both partners with 7 ideal metrics). Most couples (n = 127, 69%) were concordant for poorCVhealth. There was a significant relationship between partners for theCVhealth metrics score (P< 0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest an individual'sCVhealth is associated with that of his or her partner. Therefore, prevention strategies targeting couples and families may be appropriate.
The Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gu Jun , Hu Wei , Liu Xu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Catheter ablation is now a recognized treatment for those with symptomatic AF refractory to drug therapy. Innovations in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have empowered clinicians to improve ablation efficacy while reducing the risk of complications. It is demonstrated that late gadolinium enhancement MRI has additional advantages over modalities such as echocardiography and computed tomography, due to its ability to assess the structural remodeling directly. As a result, MRI has become an indispensable imaging tool to personalize the AF ablation strategy, assess the efficacy and potential complications of AF ablation, and guide the repeat procedure.
Avian top predator and the landscape of fear: responses of mammalian mesopredators to risk imposed by the golden eagle
Authors: Lyly Mari S. , Villers Alexandre , Koivisto Elina , Helle Pekka , Ollila Tuomo , Korpimäki Erkki 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTop predators may induce extensive cascading effects on lower trophic levels, for example, through intraguild predation (IGP). The impacts of both mammalian and avian top predators on species of the same class have been extensively studied, but the effects of the latter upon mammalian mesopredators are not yet as well known. We examined the impact of the predation risk imposed by a large avian predator, the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos, L.), on its potential mammalian mesopredator prey, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes, L.), and the pine marten (Martes martes, L.). The study combined 23 years of countrywide data from nesting records of eagles and wildlife track counts of mesopredators in Finland, northern Europe. The predation risk of the golden eagle was modeled as a function of territory density, density of fledglings produced, and distance to nearest active eagle territory, with the expectation that a high predation risk would reduce the abundances of smaller sized pine martens in particular. Red foxes appeared not to suffer from eagle predation, being in fact most numerous close to eagle nests and in areas with more eagle territories. This is likely due to similar prey preferences of the two predators and the larger size of foxes enabling them to escape eagle predation risk. Somewhat contrary to our prediction, the abundance of pine martens increased from low to intermediate territory density and at close proximity to eagle nests, possibly because of similar habitat preferences of martens and eagles. We found a slightly decreasing trend of marten abundance at high territory density, which could indicate that the response in marten populations is dependent on eagle density. However, more research is needed to better establish whether mesopredators are intimidated or predated by golden eagles, and whether such effects could in turn cascade to lower trophic levels, benefitting herbivorous species.
Synthetic Strategies for Preparing Bicyclic Guanidines
Authors: Lemrová Barbora , Soural Miroslav 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDifferent synthetic approaches leading to compounds containing bicyclic guanidine scaffolds are summarised. Because of the diversity within this group of target molecules and the wide range of individually reported synthetic routes, this review is divided into three subsections according to the key intermediate used to obtain the bicyclic structure. The first section is dedicated to strategies in which monocyclic guanidine derivatives are used as the key intermediates. The second section presents direct syntheses of bicyclic guanidines from acyclic or non‐guanidine starting materials. The last part of the text addresses the synthesis of target compounds through the use of polymer‐supported chemistry. The applicability of each synthetic approach for the preparation of target molecules with certain x+y combinations of individual cycles is specified.
A Social Interactions Model with Endogenous Friendship Formation and Selectivity
Authors: Hsieh Chih‐Sheng , Lee Lung Fei 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper analyzes the endogeneity bias problem caused by associations of members within a network when the spatial autoregressive (SAR) model is used to study social interactions. When there are unobserved factors that affect both friendship decisions and economic outcomes, the spatial weight matrix (sociomatrix; adjacency matrix) in the SAR model, which represents the structure of a friendship network, might correlate with the disturbance term of the model, and consequently result in an endogenous selection problem in the outcomes. We consider this problem of selection bias with a modeling approach. In this approach, a statistical network model is adopted to explain the endogenous network formation process. By specifying unobserved components in both the network model and the SAR model, we capture the correlation between the processes of network and outcome formation, and propose a proper estimation procedure for the system. We demonstrate that the estimation of this system can be effectively done by using the Bayesian method. We provide a Monte Carlo experiment and an empirical application of this modeling approach on the friendship networks of high school students and their interactions on academic performance in the Add Health data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antihyperlipidaemic, Antihypertrophic, and Reducing Effects of Zingerone on Experimentally Induced Myocardial Infarcted Rats
Authors: Hemalatha K. L. , Stanely Mainzen Prince P. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to evaluate the antihyperlipidaemic, antihypertrophic, and reducing effects of zingerone on isoproterenol‐induced hyperlipidaemia and hypertrophy in rats. Rats were pretreated with zingerone (6 mg/kg body weight) daily for a period of 14 days and then induced myocardial infarction with isoproterenol (100 mg/kg body weight) on days 15 and 16. Isoproterenol increased serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in the rats. Increased levels/concentrations of serum and heart cholesterol and triglycerides were observed in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. Isoproterenol also altered serum lipoproteins and the activity of liver 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl‐coenzyme‐A‐reductase in the rats. The in vitro study revealed a very convincing reducing power of zingerone. Pretreatment with zingerone prevented hyperlipidaemia and cardiac hypertrophy, by virtue of its antihyperlipidaemic, antihypertrophic, and reducing properties in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats.
MicroRNA‐150 Protects Against Pressure Overload‐Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Liu Wanli , Liu Yu , Zhang Yan , Zhu Xueyong , Zhang Rui , Guan Lihua , Tang Qizhu , Jiang Hong , Huang Congxin , Huang He 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTCardiac hypertrophy is the response of the heart to a variety of hypertrophic stimuli; this condition progresses to heart failure and sudden death. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a family of small, non‐coding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing. Recent studies have identified miRs as important regulators in cardiac hypertrophy. One specific miR, miR‐150 has been reported to be downregulated in hypertrophic murine hearts. However, the role of miR‐150 as a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. In the present study, we used gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function approaches to investigate the functional roles of miR‐150 in cardiac hypertrophy induced by aortic banding. The extent of the cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by echocardiography and by pathological and molecular analyses of heart samples. Our results revealed that transgenic mice that overexpress miR‐150 in the heart were resistant to cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through down‐regulation of serum response factor (SRF). Conversely, the loss of function of miR‐150 by genetic knockdown or antagomiR approaches produced the opposite effects. These studies suggest that miR‐150 plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy and SRF is involved in miR‐150 mediated anti‐hypertrophic effect. Thus, miR‐150 may be a new therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2166–2176, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BHBA Influences Bovine Hepatic Lipid Metabolism via AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Deng Qinghua , Liu Guowen , Liu Lei , Zhang Yuming , Yin Liheng , Shi Xiaoxia , Wang Jianguo , Yuan Xue , Sun Guoquan , Li Yu , Yang Wei , Guo Lihui , Zhang Renhe , Wang Zhe , Li Xiaobing , Li Xinwei 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTβ‐hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), an important metabolite in β‐oxidation, is involved in the development of ketosis in dairy cows. It is known that AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. In the present study, bovine hepatocytes were treated with BHBA at variable concontrations and Compound C (Cpd C, an AMPK inhibitor) to investigate the effects of BHBA on the AMPK signaling pathway. The results showed that when the concentration of BHBA reached 1.2 mM, the AMPK signaling pathway was activated and the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) as well as its target genes were significantly decreased. And these decreases were blocked by Cpd C. The binding activity and nucleus translocation of SREBP‐1c showed a similar trend. The expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α (PPARα), carbohydrates response element binding protein (ChREBP) and their target genes were significantly increased while they were negatively suppressed by the Cpd C. The content of triglyceride (TG) had no obviously change in the BHBA and Cpd C‐treated groups. These results indicate that BHBA can activate AMPK signaling pathway and regulate lipid synthesis and lipid oxidation genes of AMPK but showed no effect on TG in bovine hepatocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1070–1079, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.