bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer in a Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial (SAVOR-TIMI 53) of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Saxagliptin
Authors: Raz Itamar , Bhatt Deepak L. , Hirshberg Boaz , Mosenzon Ofri , Scirica Benjamin M. , Umez-Eronini Amarachi , Im KyungAh , Stahre Christina , Buskila Alona , Iqbal Nayyar , Greenberger Norton , Lerch Markus M. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 16,492 type 2 diabetic patients ≥40 years old with established cardiovascular (CV) disease or CV risk factors were randomized to saxagliptin or placebo and followed for 2.1 years. Outcome measures were investigator reported with blinded expert adjudication of total pancreatitis (acute and chronic) and reported cases of pancreatic cancer.

RESULTS
Trial investigators reported 35 events of pancreatitis in each treatment arm in 63 patients (33 [0.40%] in the saxagliptin arm and 30 [0.37%] in control arm), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.09 (95% CI 0.66–1.79, P = 0.80). Adjudication confirmed pancreatitis in 24 patients (26 events) in the saxagliptin arm (0.29%) and 21 patients (25 events) in placebo arm (0.26%), with an HR of 1.13 (0.63–2.06, P = 0.77). Cases of definite acute pancreatitis were confirmed in 17 (0.2%) vs. 9 (0.1%) (HR 1.88 [0.86–4.41], P = 0.17), definite plus possible pancreatitis in 22 vs. 16 (HR 1.36 [0.72–2.64], P = 0.42), and chronic pancreatitis in 2 vs. 6 (HR 0.33 [0.05–1.44], P = 0.18) in the saxagliptin and placebo arms, respectively. No differences in time to event onset, concomitant risk factors for pancreatitis, investigator-reported causality from study medication or disease severity, and outcome were found between treatment arms. The investigators reported 5 and 12 cases of pancreatic cancer in the saxagliptin and placebo arms, respectively (HR 0.42 [0.13–1.12], P = 0.09).

CONCLUSIONS
In the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial, within 2.1 years of follow-up, risk for pancreatitis in type 2 diabetic patients treated with saxagliptin was low and apparently similar to placebo, with no sign of increased risk for pancreatic cancer. Further studies are needed to completely resolve the pancreatic safety issues with incretin-based therapy.
Hypoglycemia at Admission in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Predicts a Higher 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Than in Well-Controlled Patients
Authors: Lee Sang Ah , Cho Suk Ju , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Young Jo , Kim Chong Jin , Cho Myeong Chan , Kim Hyo-Soo , Ahn Youngkeun , Koh Gwanpyo , Lee Jeong mi , Oh Seok Kyu , Yun Kyeong Ho , Kim Ha Young , Cho Chung Gu , Lee Dae Ho ,   on behalf of the KAMIR/KorMI Registry
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the association between hypoglycemia at admission and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine whether these associations differed according to diabetes-control status in AMI patients with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We analyzed the prognostic significance of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in 34,943 AMI patients with or without type 2 diabetes from two AMI registries: the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) and the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI).

RESULTS
The patients were divided into five groups according to serum-glucose levels at admission: &lt;3.9 mmol/L (&lt;70 mg/dL); 3.9–7.72 mmol/L (70–139 mg/dL); 7.78–11.06 mmol/L (140–199 mg/dL); 11.11–14.39 mmol/L (200–259 mg/dL); and ≥14.44 mmol/L (≥260 mg/dL). The 30-day mortality rates in the lowest and highest glucose groups were higher than those in other groups; the lowest glucose group had the highest mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes, after adjusting for multiple factors. We also extracted and compared four subgroups from the patients with type 2 diabetes, based on hemoglobin A1c and serum-glucose levels at admission: group A, &lt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and &lt;3.9 mmol/L; group B, &lt;6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and ≥11.11 mmol/L; group C, ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and &lt;3.9 mmol/L; and group D, ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and ≥11.11 mmol/L. Group C had the highest 30-day mortality rate among the groups.

CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that hypoglycemia at admission affects clinical outcomes differently in AMI patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the diabetes-control status.
Complexation of Z-ligustilide with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin to improve stability and oral bioavailability
Authors: Lu Yapeng , Liu Siyuan , Zhao Yu , Zhu Li , Yu Shuqin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
To improve the stability and oral bioavailability of Z-ligustilide (LIG), the inclusion complex of LIG with hydroxypropyl- β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) was prepared by the kneading method and characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. LIG is capable of forming an inclusion complex with HP-b-CD and the stoichiometry of the complex was 1:1. Stability of the inclusion complex against temperature and light was greatly enhanced compared to that of free LIG. Further, oral bioavailability of LIG and the inclusion complex in rats were studied and the plasma drug concentration-time curves fitted well with the non-compartment model to estimate the absolute bioavailability, which was 7.5 and 35.9 %, respectively. In conclusion, these results show that LIG/HP-β-CD complexation can be of great use for increasing the stability and biological efficacy of LIG
In vivo human skin penetration of (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate from topical formulations
Authors: Scalia Santo , Trotta Valentina , Bianchi Anna 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the effect of topical vehicles on the in vivo human stratum corneum penetration of the antioxidant and skin photoprotective agent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Model oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion and gel formulations containing 1 % (m/m) EGCG were prepared and subjected to photodegradation studies in order to select excipients that minimize the light instability of EGCG. The optimized emulsion and gel were applied to human volunteers and the EGCG percutaneous permeation was evaluated in vivo by the tape- -stripping technique. No significant differences in the percentage of the applied EGCG dose diffused into the stratum corneum were observed between the o/w emulsion (36.1 ± 7.5 %) and gel (35.5 ± 8.1 %) preparations. However, the amount of EGCG permeated into the deeper region of human stratum corneum was significantly larger for the o/w emulsion compared to the gel. Therefore, the emulsion represents a suitable vehicle for topical delivery of EGCG.
Screening for impact of popular herbs improving mental abilities on the transcriptional level of brain transporters
Authors: Mrozikiewicz Przemyslaw M. , Bogacz Anna , Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Kujawski Radoslaw , Mikolajczak Przemyslaw L. , Ozarowski Marcin , Czerny Boguslaw , Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska Beata , Grzeskowiak Edmund 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
There are a number of compounds that can modify the activity of ABC (ATP-binding cassette) and SLC (solute carrier) transporters in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of natural and synthetic substances on the expression level of genes encoding transporters present in the BBB (mdr1a, mdr1b, mrp1, mrp2, oatp1a4, oatp1a5 and oatp1c1). Our results showed that verapamil caused the greatest reduction in the mRNA level while other synthetic (piracetam, phenobarbital) and natural (codeine, cyclosporine A, quercetin) substances showed a selective inhibitory effect. Further, the extract from the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer exhibited a decrease of transcription against selected transporters whereas the extract from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves resulted in an increase of the expression level of tested genes, except for mrp2. Extract from the aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L. was the only one to cause an increased mRNA level for mdr1 and oatp1c1. These findings suggest that herbs can play an important role in overcoming the BBB and multidrug resistance to pharmacotherapy of brain cancer and mental disorders, based on the activity of selected drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters located in the BBB
From Tensor to Vector of Gravitation
Authors: Eshagh Mehdi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Different gravitational force models are used for determining the satellites’ orbits. The satellite gravity gradiometry (SGG) data contain this gravitational information and the satellite accelerations can be determined from them. In this study, we present that amongst the elements of the gravitational tensor in the local north-oriented frame, all of the elements are suitable for this purpose except Txy. Three integral formulae with the same kernel function are presented for recovering the accelerations from the SGG data. The kernel of these integrals is well-behaving which means that the contribution of the far-zone data is not very significant to their integration results; but this contribution is also dependent on the type of the data being integrated. Our numerical studies show that the standard deviations of the differences between the accelerations recovered from Tzz, Txz and Tzy and those computed by an existing Earth´s gravity model reduce by increasing the cap size of integration. However, their root mean squared errors increase for recovering Ty from Tyz. Larger cap sizes than 5 on is recommended for recovering Tx and Tz but smaller ones for Ty.
Simplified Orbit Determination Algorithm for Low Earth Orbit Satellites Using Spaceborne GPS Navigation Sensor
Authors: Tukaram Aghav Sandip , Achyut Gangal Shashikala 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
In this paper, the main work is focused on designing and simplifying the orbit determination algorithm which will be used for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) navigation. The various data processing algorithms, state estimation algorithms and modeling forces were studied in detail, and simplified algorithm is selected to reduce hardware burden and computational cost. This is done by using raw navigation solution provided by GPS Navigation sensor. A fixed step-size Runge-Kutta 4th order numerical integration method is selected for orbit propagation. Both, the least square and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) orbit estimation algorithms are developed and the results of the same are compared with each other. EKF algorithm converges faster than least square algorithm. EKF algorithm satisfies the criterions of low computation burden which is required for autonomous orbit determination. Simple static force models also feasible to reduce the hardware burden and computational cost.
Positional Accuracy Assessment of Googleearth in Riyadh
Authors: Farah Ashraf , Algarni Dafer 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Google Earth is a virtual globe, map and geographical information program that is controlled by Google corporation. It maps the Earth by the superimposition of images obtained from satellite imagery, aerial photography and GIS 3D globe. With millions of users all around the globe, GoogleEarth® has become the ultimate source of spatial data and information for private and public decision-support systems besides many types and forms of social interactions. Many users mostly in developing countries are also using it for surveying applications, the matter that raises questions about the positional accuracy of the Google Earth program. This research presents a small-scale assessment study of the positional accuracy of GoogleEarth® Imagery in Riyadh; capital of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The results show that the RMSE of the GoogleEarth imagery is 2.18 m and 1.51 m for the horizontal and height coordinates respectively.
Comparative Analysis of Satellite Measurements Calculation Results Using the Postprocessing Services: Asg-Eupos (Poland), Apps (USA) and CSRS (Canada)
Authors: Mika Monika , Kudach Jakub 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The publication has a cognitive research character. It presents a comparative analysis of free Internet services in Poland and abroad, used to adjust the data obtained using satellite measurement techniques. The main aim of this work is to describe and compare free tools for satellite data processing and to examine them for possible use in the surveying works in Poland. Among the many European and global services three of them dedicated to satellite measurements were selected: ASG-EUPOS (Poland), APPS (USA) and CSRS (Canada). The publication contains the results of calculations using these systems. Calculations were based on RINEX files obtained via postprocessing service (ASG-EUPOS network) POZGEO D for 12 reference stations in the South Poland.
In order to examine differences in results between the ASG-EUPOS, APPS and CSRS the transformation points coordinate to a single coordinate system ETRF 2000 (in force in Poland) was made. Studies have shown the possibility of the calculation in Poland (in postprocessing mode) using the analyzed applications with global coverage.
Performance evaluation of two Markovian retrial queueing model with balking and feedback
Authors: Bouchentouf A. A. , Belarbi F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the performance evaluation of two retrial queueing system. Customers arrive to the system, if upon arrival, the queue is full, the new arriving customers either move into one of the orbits, from which they make a new attempts to reach the primary queue, until they find the server idle or balk and leave the system, these later, and after getting a service may comeback to the system requiring another service. So, we derive for this system, the joint distribution of the server state and retrial queue lengths. Then, we give some numerical results that clarify the relationship between the retrials, arrivals, balking rates, and the retrial queue length.
A hyperbolic variant of the Nelder–Mead simplex method in low dimensions
Authors: Lócsi Levente 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Nelder-Mead simplex method is a widespread applied numerical optimization method with a vast number of practical applications, but very few mathematically proven convergence properties. The original formulation of the algorithm is stated in Rn using terms of Euclidean geometry. In this paper we introduce the idea of a hyperbolic variant of this algorithm using the Poincaré disk model of the Bolyai- Lobachevsky geometry. We present a few basic properties of this method and we also give a Matlab implementation in 2 and 3 dimensions
Meromorphic functions sharing fixed points and poles with finite weights
Authors: Sahoo Pulak 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the paper, with the aid of weighted sharing method we study the problems of meromorphic functions that share fixed points (or a nonzero finite value) and poles with finite weights. The results of the paper improve some recent results due to Y. H. Cao and X. B. Zhang [Journal of Inequalities and Applications, 2012:100].
Some applications of differential subordination to certain subclass of p-valent meromorphic functions involving convolution
Authors: Seoudy T. M. , Aouf M. K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
By using the principle of differential subordination, we introduce subclass of p-valent meromorphic functions involving convolution and investigate various properties for this subclass. We also indicate relevant connections of the various results presented in this paper with the obtained results in earlier works.
Kinematic gait analysis of a young man after amputation of the toes
Authors: Forczek Wanda , Ruchlewicz Tadeusz , Gawęda Anna 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Study aim: the foot is recognised as a “functional unit” with two important aims: to support body weight and to serve as a lever to propel the body forward. When it is impaired, the locomotor pattern has to adapt to compensate for the dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate gait kinematics of a man after bilateral partial amputation of the toes.
Material and methods: the subject of the study was a young man aged 30 years (body height and mass: 186 cm, 82 kg) who suffered a frostbite injury in the feet while climbing in the severe mountain conditions. After a few months of treatment, the necessary amputation occurred. Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics was collected from motion capture system (Vicon 250) and Golem marker set-up using 5 video-based cameras with infrared strobes. The subject performed over-ground walking at self-selected speed, first barefoot, then wearing athletic shoes.
Results: the patient’s results are the mean values of sixteen full gait cycles. The spatiotemporal parameters were lower during gait without shoes. In terms of the angular changes of the lower limb joints in sagittal plane, the analysis revealed similar functional patterns and typical trends in both recorded conditions. The differences, however, occurred in their amplitude. A larger range of motion was generally noted in shod conditions. The higher the joint was, the smaller the differences were.
Conclusion: changes in gait due to the forefoot dysfunction may be stabilizing adaptations related to fear of falling. Footwear provided more stable conditions.
A variant of gravitational classification
Authors: Górecki Tomasz , Luczak Maciej 
Published: June 2014

Summary
In this article there is proposed a new two-parametrical variant of the gravitational classification method. We use the general idea of objects' behavior in a gravity field. Classification depends on a test object's motion in a gravity field of training points. To solve this motion problem, we use a simulation method. This classifier is compared to the 1NN method, because our method tends towards it for some parameter values. Experimental results on different data sets demonstrate an improvement in efficiency and that this approach outperforms the 1NN method by providing a significant reduction in the mean classification error rate.
Survival probabilities for HIV infected patients through semi-Markov processes
Authors: Masala Giovanni , Cannas Giuseppina , Micocci Marco 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY
In this paper we apply a parametric semi-Markov process to model the dynamic evolution of HIV-1 infected patients. The seriousness of the infection is rendered by the CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts. For this purpose we introduce the main features of nonhomogeneous semi-Markov models. After determining the transition probabilities and the waiting time distributions in each state of the disease, we solve the evolution equations of the process in order to estimate the interval transition probabilities. These quantities appear to be of fundamental importance for clinical predictions. We also estimate the survival probabilities for HIV infected patients and compare them with respect to certain categories, such as gender, age group or type of antiretroviral therapy. Finally we attach a reward structure to the aforementioned semi-Markov processes in order to estimate clinical costs. For this purpose we generate random trajectories from the semi-Markov processes through Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed model is then applied to a large database provided by ISS (Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy), and all the quantities of interest are computed.
Analysis of studies of the effectiveness of a biological method of protection for organic crops
Authors: Kozłowska Maria , Jaskulska Monika , Łacka Agnieszka , Kozłowski Radosław J. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY
As a result of intensive changes in plant production and of environmental changes in agrocenoses, certain agrophages, such as slugs, have in recent years been causing ever increasing amounts of damage to crops of agricultural, horticultural and orchard plants. As a result of the European Parliament and Council Directive adopted on 13 January 2009, the countries of Europe have been required to implement integrated plant protection. One of the principles of this protection is the implementation of strategies which minimize the use of chemical pesticides. Moreover, in accordance with decisions of the European Commission, many active substances have been or are to be withdrawn from the list of available pesticides. An example is metaldehyde, which is to be withdrawn from use in EU countries in the next few years (Commission Decision C/2008/7637 of 5 December 2008). It therefore becomes necessary to seek environmentally safe substances and to develop non-chemical methods for protecting plants against harmful slugs.
An alternative to chemical molluscicides is the parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Studies have been made of the effectiveness of this biological method in combating Polish populations of the invasive slug species Arion lusitanicus. This was an incomplete multivariate study, i.e. not all variables could be observed for all treatments on all experimental units. Multivariate model of observations has been derived and a method of analysis has been described. The results of these studies provide a basis for the development of environmentally friendly methods of protecting plants against harmful slugs.
A kernel-based learning algorithm combining kernel discriminant coordinates and kernel principal components
Authors: Deręgowski Karol , Krzyśko Mirosław 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARY
Kernel principal components (KPC) and kernel discriminant coordinates (KDC), which are the extensions of principal components and discriminant coordinates, respectively, from a linear domain to a nonlinear domain via the kernel trick, are two very popular nonlinear feature extraction methods. The kernel discriminant coordinates space has proven to be a very powerful space for pattern recognition. However, further study shows that there are still drawbacks in this method. To improve the performance of pattern recognition, we propose a new learning algorithm combining the advantages of KPC and KDC