bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal insufficiency as part of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Enikeeva S. R. , Chugunov I. S. , Kareva M. A. , Kurkina M. V. , Zakharova E. Y. , Michailova S. V. , Bezlepkina O. B. , Peterkova V. A. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a severe neurodegenerative metabolic disease with a frequency 1:17,000 in newborn boys. Being a major part of X-ALD with an incidence of 70–80% of patients, adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening condition without timely treatment. The possibility of developing AI during the whole disease duration and the absence of any predictive factor for AI joining shows the necessity of studying AI in X-ALD patients to optimize current diagnostic and treatment algorithms.AIM: To study diagnostic and therapeutic features of primary adrenal insufficiency due to X-ALD.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational comparative study was conducted in 66 male patients, examined and treated in the Pediatric endocrinology department of Endocrinology Research Centre, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University Detached Structural Unit Russian Children’s Clinical Hospital (Moscow, Russia) for 2014–2022. All of patients were diagnosed with primary AI and a genetically confirmed X-ALD.RESULTS: The median age of X-ALD manifestation was 6.6 years [4.7; 11.1]. The earliest age of AI diagnosis was 1.5 years at the preclinical stage and 1 year 8 months with clinical symptoms. The renin level was studied in 22.7% at the manifestation of AI (15/66 patients), mineralocorticoid deficiency was found in 7 patients. Family history was positive in 39.4% of patients (n=66), only in 15.1% (10/66 patients) of patients the disease was established at the preclinical stage. In 59.1% (n=66) the cerebral form of the disease (cALD) was established, in 16.6% — adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), and in 24.2% — isolated adrenal insufficiency (PAI). Age of AI establishment in the group of patients with AMN (15.6 years) significantly differs from the establishment of AI in patients with cALD (7.4 years, p=0.001) and PAI (5.6 years, p = 0.000). Mineralocorticoid therapy was prescribed simultaneously with glucocorticoid therapy in patients with cALD, in AMN and PAI patients it was added after 11 and 7 months, respectively (the differences between AMN and PAI groups were insignificant). Combined hormonal therapy receive 41% of patients with cALD, 54.5% of patients with AMN and 60% of patients with PAI.CONCLUSION: It is necessary to examine all male patients with AI regardless of the manifestation age to exclude adrenoleukodystrophy, and it is also important to examine patients for the presence of AI regardless of X-ALD manifestation age. The assessment of renin level in the manifestation of AI is also needed to prescribe mineralcorticoid therapy timely. Studying family history is the main method to detect X-ALD at the preclinical stage.
Fulminant hypercorticism due to ACTG producing pheochromocytoma
Authors: Useinova Z. T. , Pigarova E. A. , Bel’tsevich D. G. , Chevais A. , Dzeranova L. K. , Sitkin I. I. , Tarbaeva N. V. , Khairieva A. V. , Degtyarev M. V. , Platonova N. M. , Troshina E. A. , Bondarenko E. V. 
Published: July 2024

Endogenous hypercorticism (EH) is a severe symptom complex caused by hypercortisolemia; according to the etiology, ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent variants are distinguished, which, according to the literature, occur in 70–80% and 20–30% of cases, respectively. A rare cause of ACTH-dependent endogenous hypercorticism is ACTH-ectopic syndrome (ACTH-ES) (about 15-20% of cases). ACTH-ES is a syndrome of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hyperproduction by neuroendocrine tumors of extrahypophyseal origin. Various tumors can secrete ACTH: bronchopulmonary carcinoid, small cell lung cancer, less frequently, thymus carcinoid, islet cell tumors and pancreatic carcinoid, medullary thyroid cancer, carcinoid tumors of the intestine, ovaries, as well as pheochromocytoma (PCC).This publication presents a clinical case of rarely detected paraneoplastic ACTH production by pheochromocytoma. The patient had clinical manifestations of hypercorticism, therefore, she applied to the Russian National Research Center of Endocrinology of the Ministry of Health of Russia. During the examination Cushing’s syndrome (CS) was confirmed, multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the abdominal cavity revealed a voluminous formation of the left adrenal gland. Additional examination recorded a multiple increase in urinary catecholamine levels. Subsequently, the patient underwent left-sided adrenalectomy. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was confirmed morphologically, immunohistochemical study demonstrated intensive expression of chromogranin A and ACTH by tumor cells.
Decolonizing Cameroon’s language policies: a critical assessment
Authors: Kamdem Seraphin , Ojongnkpot Comfort , van Pinxteren Bert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Due to its colonial history and prevalent multilingualism, Cameroon is a country where language policies have profoundly impacted socioeconomic and political life. Cameroon has 273 local languages and two official languages, English and French. The two official languages have been a crystallization point for discontent and civil unrest, leading to secessionist sentiments and violence. In this paper, we assess Cameroon’s language policies, firstly by providing a brief historical and legal overview based in the literature. We then present a new decolonial analytical framework, building on but extending existing theoretical frameworks. Our new analysis shows that a transition to using indigenous languages in formal education and other domains is not necessary at present. However, we argue that such a transition will become unavoidable in future. We show that it will be practically possible to use a limited number of indigenous languages as mediums of instruction, building on existing bilingualisms in the country. We believe these languages should be chosen using rational criteria and we introduce an approximate assessment of which languages are easy to learn and teach, and for speakers of which other languages. The transition we foresee requires planning and preparation. A different approach to Cameroon’s languages may help in building national unity and healing national wounds in the areas of sociolinguistic power-sharing and interregional cohabitation. We expect that our approach also holds benefits for other African countries.
Study on Sino-Saudi Strategic Partnership 1998-2008
Authors: Mohammed Al-Aboodi Nadia Kadhum , Maher Adnan Rania 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Chinese-Saudi strategic partnership took an economic turn and was documented by the two sides signing a series of agreements initiated by the 1999 Oil Strategic Partnership Agreement. Energy represented the cornerstone of Chinese- Saudi relations. The rise of China and its increasing demand for oil led to the strengthening of interactive economic relations between the two countries. They began to view each other as an important strategic cooperative partner. Relations witnessed significant development during the first decade of the twenty-first century and entered their golden age, which reached a new peak when the Chinese- Saudi Strategic Friendship was established in 2008.
Expressing smells in (American) English
Authors: Schönefeld Doris Eveline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper reports on a study of the usage of smell verbs over the last 200 years by speakers of American English. The focus is on how the expression of smell changes over time and what this reveals about the way speakers conceptualize and assess smells. The study is based on usage data from the COHA (Corpus of Historical American English). They were quantitatively analysed employing the methods of simple and (multiple) distinctive collexeme analysis. The results of our investigations indicate both a general increase over time in the usage of smell-verb constructions and a noticeable diversification of the smell vocabulary used by American English speakers. Moreover, the results of the collexeme analyses reveal more detailed aspects of the types of smell descriptors people use in smell talk. Reflecting what kinds of smell emitters are most typically and especially closely associated with the individual smell-verb constructions at particular times, they are informative about the sources of smells that are salient enough in our culture and (well-)known enough in the speech community to be used as functional smell descriptors and how these may change over time.
Tone and clause structure in Bùlì
Authors: Sulemana Abdul-Razak 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this article, I analyze tonal patterns of Bùlì (Mabia/Gur) verbs in sentences. I argue that Bùlì requires a more articulated structure for TP, namely, a projection of both INFL1 and INFL2. INFL1 corresponds to the standard TP and is the locus of the EPP. INFL2, on the other hand, is the locus of a generalized finite/non-finite marking on the clause. I show that this more articulated structure for TP is key in understanding the intricate tonal interactions we find in the clause between segmental and tonal morphology of negation, tense, and aspect marking.
A diachronic perspective on ‘prosodies’ in Central Chadic languages (Afroasiatic)
Authors: Wolff H. Ekkehard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper reports on generalisations drawn from the author’s historical analysis of a sample of some five thousand words, which reflect more than two hundred lexical items from up to sixty-six Central Chadic languages and language varieties. The paper provides illustrative examples from present-day languages with explicit diachronic analyses of the evolution of their synchronic segmental and ‘prosodic’ suprasegmental structures. Four typologically characteristic prosodies (i.e., palatalisation, labialisation, nasalisation, glottalisation) operate across words, which are – in synchronic perspective – mostly monomorphemic, while in diachronic perspective they are mostly polymorphemic. The paper shows that, and how the four reconstructed prosodies lead to the diachronic emergence of innovative phonemes in the modern languages, which were not part of the segmental phonological inventories of the common proto-language. This empirical fact poses considerable challenges to the application of the well-established ‘comparative method’ as originally developed by the Neogrammarian school of historical linguistics.
Effects of the German Minimum Wage on Earnings and Working Time Using Establishment Data
Authors: Ohlert Clemens 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines the short-term effects of the introduction of a statutory minimum wage in Germany on hourly wages, monthly wages and paid working hours. We exploit a novel panel dataset by linking the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014 and the Earnings Survey (ES) 2015 and apply a difference-in-differences approach at the establishment level. The results indicate an effect of the introduction of the statutory minimum wage on the average hourly wages of employees in minimum wage establishments of up to 5.9 %. Due to negative effects on average working time of approximately minus 3.1 %, the effects on monthly gross earnings are smaller but still amount to up to 2.7 % on average. The results further suggest that the minimum wage effects on earnings were greater among low-wage employees than on average, in eastern Germany than in western Germany, and among part-time employees and marginal employees than among full-time employees.
On the Reality and Evidential Status of Temporal Passage Phenomenology
Authors: Gilbertson Eric 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Although many B-theorists do not think that our perceptual experience provides evidence that time passes, they accept that we at least seem to be aware of time’s passage. Consequently, they accept the burden of explaining away the appearance of passage. This paper discuss three arguments aiming to discharge this burden. The first two arguments allow that there is a distinctive phenomenology of passage, whereas the third argues that the belief in passage phenomenology is the result of a cognitive error. None of the arguments succeeds. The first two rest on assumptions that the A-theorist has reasons to reject, in light of facts about the nature of conscious experience – facts concerning both its basis in physical and functional processes, and facts concerning its representation of duration. The third argument fails to provide a compelling account of the source of our belief in passage phenomenology.
Fe nanoparticle-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbon with tailored mesostructures and their applications in magnetic removal of Ag(i)
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Li Yuheng , Ran Mengyu , Wang Youliang , Ding Yezhi , Zhang Bobo , Feng Qiancheng , Chu Qianqian , Shen Yongqian , Sheng Wang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fe nanoparticle-functionalized ordered mesoporous carbon (Fe0/OMC) was synthesized using triblock copolymers as templates and through solvent evaporation self-assembly, followed by a carbothermal reduction. Fe0/OMC had three microstructures of two-dimensional hexagonal (space group, p6mm, Fe0/OMC-1), body centered cubic (Im3̄m, Fe0/OMC-2), and face centered cubic (Fm3̄m, Fe0/OMC-3) which were controlled by simply adjusting the template. All Fe0/OMC displayed paramagnetic characteristics, with a maximum saturation magnetization of 50.1 emu·g−1. This high magnetization is advantageous for the swift extraction of the adsorbent from the solution following the adsorption process. Fe0/OMC was used as an adsorbent for the removal of silver ions (Ag(i)) from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption capacity of Fe0/OMC-1 was enhanced by the functionalization of Fe0. Adsorption property of Fe0/OMC-1 was significantly higher than that of Fe0/OMC-2 and Fe0/OMC-3, indicating that the long and straight ordered pore channels were more favorable for adsorption, and the adsorption capacity of Ag(i) on Fe0/OMC-1 was 233 mg·g−1. The adsorption process exhibited conformity with both the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich model, suggesting that the dominant mechanism of adsorption involved multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces.
Caracterização físico-química e avaliação de sistemas de proteção contra corrosão de projéteis deflagrados por armas de fogo
Authors: Gonçalves Vieira Santos Eduardo , Cavadas Andrade Flávio Augusto , Cordeiro Dantas Larissa Elizabeth , Borsoi Ribeiro Thiago , Claro Amanda Maria , Da Silva Barud Hernane , Vicente Benedetti Assis , Sadao Fugivara Cecilio 
Published: July 2024

Nos laboratórios de balística, observa-se frequentemente que projéteis de armas de fogo têm sua integridade comprometida de forma irreversível, dificultando ou impedindo a realização dos exames de confronto balístico. A literatura científica que aborda as diferentes formas de proteção e armazenamento desses projéteis é escassa e de difícil acesso por se tratar, muitas vezes, de procedimentos não publicados. No presente trabalho, realizou-se a caracterização de três diferentes tipos de projéteis deflagrados por armas de fogo raiadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectrometria de Raios-X com Dispersão de Energia (EDX) e Difratometria de Raios-X (DRX) e analisou-se o efeito do recobrimento de tais projéteis com lubrificante anticorrosivo (WD) e parafina (PA) no aumento da resistência à oxidação/corrosão e na preservação dos elementos identificadores desses projéteis. A análise de corrosão foi feita pela comparação dos estriamentos antes e depois do revestimento dos projéteis submetidos a um ensaio de corrosão forçada. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o recobrimento com parafina se mantém por mais tempo comparado à camada por WD, sendo ambos os recobrimentos alternativos eficazes, com metodologia simples e de baixo custo para preservação de projéteis deflagrados por armas de fogo por período superior a 33 dias.
El movimiento feminista y la lactancia materna desde la revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Sanz Durán Lidia , Mora Urda Ana Isabel , Pérez Bravo María Dolores 
Published: July 2024

La identidad femenina está socialmente relacionada con la maternidad y la lactancia materna se entiende como una representación del cuerpo femenino que genera importantes debates de género en los últimos años. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es describir la evolución social de la lactancia materna desde la perspectiva feminista y de género en el momento presente. La revisión profunda de 16 artículos científicos publicados en los últimos 5 años encontrados en las principales bases de datos ha permitido estructurar los resultados en tres apartados sobre la maternidad, la influencia del feminismo y los debates en lactancia materna. La decisión de amamantar y el mantenimiento de la misma están influenciados por el contexto histórico, cultural, social y político de nuestros días. Los acontecimientos históricos han marcado la evolución del movimiento feminista sobre el hito de la maternidad y la lactancia materna. Dos posiciones feministas principales pueden distinguirse desde el entendimiento de la lactancia como el arraigo a la crianza en el hogar y sacrificio de otros aspectos de la vida de la mujer hasta el disfrute del amamantamiento de la mano del ecofeminismo como lo natural y biológico. La mujer lactante puede vivir un proceso personal y social acompañado de sentimientos de culpa, amor, ansiedad y soledad. La falta de estudios desde un enfoque de género hacia la vivencia de las mujeres durante su lactancia ha quedado expuesta en esta revisión bibliográfica. La información y el asesoramiento sanitario respetando las decisiones de cada mujer y teniendo en cuenta la carga simbólica y la perspectiva de género que acompañan a la lactancia materna podremos intentar mejorar el apoyo que perciben estas mujeres.
TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES OF THE NORTH-EASTERN KANIN PENINSULA
Authors: АНУФРИЕВ В.В. , ГЛАЗОВ П.М. , ПУНАНЦЕВ Е.А. , ЧУРАКОВА Е.Ю. 
Published: July 2024

Представлена характеристика распространения наземных позвоночных животных в северо-восточной части п-ова Канин (67°50′47′′ с. ш., 46°20′40′′ в. д.) по результатам их учета, проведенного в июле 2021 г. Установлено обитание одного вида земноводных, одного вида рептилий, 57 видов птиц и шести видов млекопитающих. К новым видам птиц тундровой зоны п-ова Канин, отмеченных нами, следует отнести хохлатую чернеть Aythya fuligula (L.), обыкновенную гагу Somateria mollissima (L.), степного луня Circus macrourus (S. G. Gmelin) и перевозчика Actitis hypoleucos (L.). Одна из особенностей фауны позвоночных животных этого района, расположенного в полосе мелкоерниковых тундр, - наличие в ней бореальных видов, таких как травяная лягушка Rana temporaria L., живородящая ящерица Zootoca vivipara Lichtenstein, хохлатая чернеть, обыкновенный гоголь Bucephala clangula (L.), серый журавль Grus grus (L.), перевозчик, бурый медведь Ursus arctos L. и европейский лось Alces alces L. Для живородящей ящерицы это самая северная находка из известных ранее. Благоприятны для обитания бореальных видов фауны на этой территории ее расположение на южном склоне платообразного кряжа Канин Камень, расчлененность рельефа, прежде всего глубокие речные долины с защищенными от ветров и хорошо прогреваемыми бортами. Установлено десятикратное снижение плотности размещения выводковых нор песца Alopex lagopus L. в сравнении с 40-50-ми годами прошлого столетия, вследствие активизации криогенных процессов в многолетнемерзлых породах, в результате которых норы этого хищника, устроенные в сыпучих грунтах, разрушаются.
Presented is a description of the distribution of terrestrial vertebrates in the northeastern part of the Kanin Peninsula (67°50′47′′ N, 46°20′40′′ E) based on the results of their counts conducted in July 2021. In total, 1 amphibian species, 1 species of reptiles, 57 species of birds and 6 species of mammals were recorded. The vertebrate fauna of this region, located in the dwarf birch tundra zone, is characterized by the presence of boreal species such as the viviparous lizard Zootoca vivipara Lichtenstein, tufted duck Aythya fuligula (L.), common goldeneye Bucephala clangula (L.), common crane Grus grus (L.), common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos (L.), brown bear Ursus arctos L. and European elk Alces alces L. For the viviparous lizard, this is the northernmost known locality so far. Favorable factors for the distribution of boreal species in this area, in our opinion, are its location on the southern slope of the plateau-like ridge Kanin Kamen, the ruggedness of the relief, primarily deep river valleys with wind-protected and well-heated sides. A tenfold decrease in the density of placement of brood burrows of the Arctic fox Alopex lagopus L. was established in comparison with the 40-50s of the last century, due to the activation of cryogenic processes in permafrost, as a result of which the burrows of this predator, arranged in loose soils, are destroyed.
TROPHIC SPECIALISATION LEVELS OF GEESE, LEMMINGS AND RUMINANTS WITH REGARD TO TRANSFORMATION OF ARCTIC HERBIVORE COMMUNITIES
Authors: ШЕРЕМЕТЬЕВ И.С. 
Published: July 2024

Несмотря на все большее количество данных по биотическим сообществам Арктики, даже основные направления их трансформации еще не ясны. Большой интерес в ней представляют различия в популяционных трендах гусей, леммингов и жвачных, осуществляющих более чем 98 % круговорота в наземной части арктической экосистемы и конкурирующих за общие трофические ресурсы на основе специализации. Сравнение 15 видов из этих групп показало, что степень их морфофизиологической адаптации к фитофагии соответствует эмпирическим оценкам ресурсной избирательности, являясь, таким образом, и мерой их трофической специализации. Это делает соотношение травоядных арктических сообществ по избирательности таким же стабильным, что и по специализации. Популяции трофических специалистов в этих сообществах, ярчайшими примерами которых являются овцебык и белый гусь, по размеру и/или скорости роста в основном превышают популяции генералистов, к которым относятся лемминги и наиболее мелкие казарки. Можно заключить, что межвидовая конкуренция влияет на современную трансформацию сообществ арктических травоядных значительно сильнее, чем такие средовые факторы, как глобальное потепление и активность человека.
Despite more and more data on the Arctic biotic communities even the principal course of their transformation remains unclear. In this concern the profound interest is related to differences in population dynamics of geese, lemmings and ruminants covering more than 98 percent of the Arctic terrestrial ecosystem recycling and competing on the specialization ground for the same food resources. Comparing 15 species of the taxa we showed that grades of their morphophysiological adaptation to phytophagy are matched to empirical estimates of their food selectivity, thereby describing their trophic specialization distribution. Thus in the Arctic herbivore communities the selectivity distribution is so stable as specialization. The trophic specialists include muskox and snow goose in the first place, while the generalists are lemmings and smallest black geese. The specialist populations have mainly higher size and/or growth rate than the generalist populations have. It may be concluded that interspecific competition influence contemporary transformation of the Arctic herbivore communities much stronger than such environmental factor as global warming and human activity do.