bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial fungicides can positively affect aubergine photosynthetic properties, soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
Authors: Wei Longxue , Zhu Jinying , Zhao Dongbo , Pei Yanting , Guo Lianghai , Guo Jianjun , Guo Zhihui , Cui Huini , Li Yongjun , Gao Jiansheng 
Published: June 2024

Background
This study examined the effects of microbial agents on the enzyme activity, microbial community construction and potential functions of inter-root soil of aubergine (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). This study also sought to clarify the adaptability of inter-root microorganisms to environmental factors to provide a theoretical basis for the stability of the microbiology of inter-root soil of aubergine and for the ecological preservation of farmland soil.

Methods
Eggplant inter-root soils treated with Bacillus subtilis (QZ_T1), Bacillus subtilis (QZ_T2), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (QZ_T3), Verticillium thuringiensis (QZ_T4) and Verticillium purpureum (QZ_T5) were used to analyse the effects of different microbial agents on the inter-root soils of aubergine compared to the untreated control group (QZ_CK). The effects of different microbial agents on the characteristics and functions of inter-root soil microbial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA and ITS (internal transcribed spacer region) high-throughput sequencing techniques.

Results
The bacterial diversity index and fungal diversity index of the aubergine inter-root soil increased significantly with the application of microbial fungicides; gas exchange parameters and soil enzyme activities also increased. The structural and functional composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in the aubergine inter-root soil changed after fungicide treatment compared to the control, with a decrease in the abundance of phytopathogenic fungi and an increase in the abundance of beneficial fungi in the soil. Enhancement of key community functions, reduction of pathogenic fungi, modulation of environmental factors and improved functional stability of microbial communities were important factors contributing to the microbial stability of fungicide-treated aubergine inter-root soils.
Nutritional and Quality Content of Biscuits Made from Plantain, Chara Pona Fish, and Acha Flour Blends
Authors: J. A Ayo, , B.M. Yunusa, , D.S Oyedele , A A Okpasu, , F. O Bello, , M. Tyolumun, 
Published: June 2024

The high cost and demand for wheat flour necessitate exploring alternative ingredients like acha and plantain. Combining these with chara pona fish flour could enhance the nutritional value of biscuits while promoting the utilization of underused crops. Plantain (Musa balbisiana,), charapona (Labeorohita) fish flour and acha (Dititaria exilis) based biscuits were produced. Plantain and acha flours were substituted in acha flour at 5:5, 10:5, 15:5, 15:10 and 15:15% with 100% wheat, acha and plantain flours respectively as controls. The biscuits were then evaluated for the proximate composition, minerals and vitamins and sensory properties. The result of the study indicates the break strength and thickness increases while diameter, volume, weight and density of the biscuits samples decreased as the level of plantain and fish flour blends increases. The bulk density decreased whereas the foaming capacity, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity of the blend flours increased with increasing level of inclusion. The crude protein, fat, ash and crude fibre content increased while moisture and carbohydrate decrease from 77.46-67.76 with increase substitution of plantain and fish flour. The potassium and calcium increased from 208.17-325 mg/100g while magnesium decreased from 34.06 to 33.97 with addition of plantain and fish flour. Vitamin A, vitamins B1, and B2, of the flour blends biscuits increased from 0.61-0.86, 0.43-0.65 and 0.12-0.18 mg/100g respectively with increase in the level of plantain and fish flour. The acha-plantain and charapona fish blends biscuits were more acceptable up to 15:15%, but most of it was preferred at 75:15:10% added plantain, charapona fish and acha flours blends. The plantain and charapona fish flour could be used to enrich the quality of food products.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Namchi District of Sikkim, India
Authors: Rai Amorna , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mohanta Satya Ranjan , Thomas Ashima 
Published: June 2024

The present study was carried out at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (U.P.), during the year 2023-2024. The soil samples were collected at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, from nine different villages of three different blocks under Namchi district A total of 27 soil samples were collected and analyzed for their physical and chemical parameters by using the standard Laboratory Technique. The result showed that the soil color varied from light brown to dark brown in dry condition and red to reddish brown/dark red in wet condition. The soil texture of Namchi, Temi and Sikkip blocks were mainly sandy clay loam. The Bulk Density reported 1.1 -1.29 Mg m-3, particle density reported 2.1- 2.6 Mg m-3, percent of pore Space varied 45-47.6%, water holding capacity ranged from 45-49.3 %. The composition of available nitrogen ranged from 312kgha-1-200khha-1, available phosphorus ranged from15kgha-1- 26kgha-1 and available potassium ranged from 243kgha-1-309kgha-1. Results suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as crop rotation and conservation tillage, which will contribute to maintain the soil’s physical characteristics to ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of the soil.
The Effect of Mg(NO3)2 Compound Fertilizer and N, P, K Fertilizer on N-Soil, N-Plant Total Contents, and Yield of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Inceptisols of Jatinangor
Authors: Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Devnita Rina , Ramdika Yudha 
Published: June 2024

The research aimed to determine the effect of applying compound fertilizer Mg(NO3)2 combined with N, P, and K fertilizer on N-total content in the soil, N-plant content, and tomato yield; and to obtain the best dosage for tomato yields from Inceptisols from Jatinangor. The research was carried out at the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Laboratory Experiment Field and soil and plant analysis was carried out at the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java during from October to December 2023. The research used a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD), which consisted of 6 treatments that were repeated four times, namely as follows: A = control; B = 1 dose of N, P, K recommended (200 kg ha-1 Urea, 250 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 100 kg ha-1 KCl); C = 1 dose of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer; D = ¾ dose of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended dose of N, P, K (150 kg ha-1 Urea, 187.5 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl); E = 1 dose of Mg (NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended dose of N, P, K (150 kg ha-1 Urea, 187.5 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl); and F = 1 ½ doses of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended doses of N, P, K (150 kg ha-1 Urea, 187.5 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl). The research results showed that the application of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer had a significant effect on the N-total content of the soil, N-plant content, yield components, and fruit yield of tomato plants. Treatment of 1 dose of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended dose of N, P, K fertilizer resulted in the highest N-total soil content, N-plant content, and fruit weight per plot, namely respectively 0,34%; 2.01%; and 6.13 kg plot-1 while the lowest was produced in treatment A (control), namely 0.13%; 0.99% and 1.40 kg plot-1.
Epidemiological Assessment of Hospitalizations Due to Falls among the Elderly in the Mesoregion of the Northwest of the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Jiquiriçá Larissa de Menezes , Alves Ana Paula Silva , Almança Rebeca Agnes de Oliveira e , Binicá Karina de Souza , Ferreira Nathalia Abreu , Filho Aloisio Tinoco de Siqueira , Mangiavacchi Wagner , Ramos Fabiana Pereira Costa , Filho Renato Mataveli Ferreira , Norberg Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira , Norberg Antonio Neres 
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim: Falls are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among the elderly. Risk factors for falls are multifactorial, and classified into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this research is to investigate, using already available general public health data, the epidemiological aspects of fall-related hospitalizations among elderly individuals admitted to the Northwest mesoregion of the state of Rio de Janeiro, to establish the groundwork for future studies with specific evaluation methodologies the development of more appropriate Public Health policies.
Methods: The research was based on the data obtained from the Hospital Information System (DataSUS) and the 2022 census from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), assessing hospitalizations due to falls among individuals aged 60 and over in the Mesoregion of the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2023. The data were compiled for analysis of demographic distribution, fall incidence, gender distribution, and mortality rate.
Results: Significant variations in hospitalization rates were observed. Disparities in incidence rates were attributed to different degrees of exposure to risks considered as extrinsic factors predisposing to falls. The distribution of incidences by gender and age groups reflected trends observed in similar research, with women and individuals over 80 years old disproportionately requiring hospitalization. The mortality rate among elderly hospitalized for falls was 3.5%, lower than the national average.
Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis highlights the need for more effective Public Health interventions in Miracema and Itaocara. While some municipalities have succeeded in preventing falls among the elderly, others still face challenges. Sharing experiences among Municipal Health Departments, resource cooperation, joint planning of regional actions, and collaborative governance are recommended strategies to mitigate this serious Public Health issue.
Factors associated with gastrointestinal perforation in a cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Curtis Jeffrey R. , Lanas Angel , John Ani , Johnson David A. , Schulman Kathy L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incidence and risk factors for gastrointestinal (GI) perforation among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsClaims from employer health insurance plans were used to identify RA patients and those hospitalized for upper or lower GI perforation. GI perforation cases were identified using both a sensitive and a specific definition. A Cox model using fixed and time‐varying covariates was used to evaluate the risk of GI perforation.ResultsAmong 143,433 RA patients, and using a maximally sensitive GI perforation definition, 696 hospitalizations with perforation were identified. The rate of perforation was 1.70 per 1,000 person years (PYs; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.58–1.83), and most perforations (83%) occurred in the lower GI tract. The rate of perforation was lower when a more specific GI perforation definition was used (0.87; 95% CI 0.78–0.96 per 1,000 PYs). Age and diverticulitis were among the strongest risk factors for perforation (diverticulitis hazard ratio [HR] 14.5 [95% CI 11.8–17.7] for the more sensitive definition, HR 3.9 [95% CI 2.5–5.9] for the more specific definition). Among various RA medication groups and compared to methotrexate, the risk of GI perforation was highest among patients with exposure to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), concomitant nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, and glucocorticoids. Biologic agents without glucocorticoid exposure were not a risk factor for perforation.ConclusionGI perforation is a rare but serious condition that affects patients with RA, most frequently in the lower GI tract. Clinicians should be aware of risk factors for GI perforation when managing RA patients, including age, history of diverticulitis, and use of glucocorticoids or NSAIDs.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Organic Synthesis: CC, CN, CO Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried 
Published: November 2012

AbstractZinc is the 24thmost abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Since the discovery of pure zinc metal in the 18thcentury, the main application of zinc metal is as materials. Because zinc salts are abundant, cheap, non‐toxic, and exhibit environmentally benign properties, organic chemists have been interested in using zinc salts as catalysts in organic synthesis during the last three decades. Within this review, we have summarized the progress on applications of zinc salts in organic reactions. Our the target is to emphasize the special properties of zinc catalysts, and further promote the interest of organic chemists.
The Impact of Phantom Decoys on Choices and Perceptions
Authors: Scarpi Daniele , Pizzi Gabriele 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTPhantoms are dominating, attractive alternatives that are unavailable at the time of choice. They occupy different positions in the attribute space, and their unavailability can be either known or unknown to individuals. Although different theories have offered explanations for the influence that phantoms exert on individual choices, they have largely overlooked phantom knowledge. Contradictory predictions can be drawn from these theories, and none provides a good account of the pattern of effects that emerges from our data. We suggest that these contradictions appear because the different theories do not address phantom location and knowledge jointly. When considering phantom knowledge together with location, we observe a consistent overall pattern of effects that encompasses all predictions that could be made on the basis of each theory. We find that known phantoms are stronger when close, and favor the target product, whereas unknown phantoms are stronger when far, and favor the competitor. Finally, we look beyond shifts in choice shares and find that phantom decoys can also affect individuals' post‐choice evaluations and reactions in terms of perceived justice, decision satisfaction, and repatronage intention. Our results show that post‐choice evaluations are driven by phantom knowledge, not phantom location. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endocytosis and autophagy: Shared machinery for degradation
Authors: Lamb Christopher A. , Dooley Hannah C. , Tooze Sharon A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo key questions in the autophagy field are the mechanisms that underlie the signals for autophagy initiation and the source of membrane for expansion of the nascent membrane, the phagophore. In this review, we discuss recent findings highlighting the role of the classical endosomal pathway, from plasma membrane to lysosome, in the formation and expansion of the phagophore and subsequent degradation of the autophagosome contents. We also highlight the striking conservation of regulatory factors between the two pathways, including those regulating membrane budding and fusion, and the role of the lysosome in sensing the nutrient status of the cell, regulating mTORC1 activity, and ultimately the initiation of autophagy.Editor's suggested further reading in BioEssays The evolution of dynamin to regulate clathrin‐mediated endocytosis Abstract
Localization of Phenolics in Phloem Parenchyma Cells of Norway Spruce (Picea abies)
Authors: Li Sheng‐Hong , Nagy Nina Elisabeth , Hammerbacher Almuth , Krokene Paal , Niu Xue‐Mei , Gershenzon Jonathan , Schneider Bernd 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNorway spruce (Picea abies) bark contains specialized phloem parenchyma cells that swell and change their contents upon attack by the bark beetle Ips typographus and its microbial associate, the blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica. These cells exhibit bright autofluorescence after treatment with standard aldehyde fixatives, and so have been postulated to contain phenolic compounds. Laser microdissection of spruce bark sections combined with cryogenic NMR spectroscopy demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of the stilbene glucoside astringin in phloem parenchyma cells than in adjacent sieve cells. After infection by C. polonica, the flavonoid (+)‐catechin also appeared in phloem parenchyma cells and there was a decrease in astringin content compared to cells from uninfected trees. Analysis of whole‐bark extracts confirmed the results obtained from the cell extracts and revealed a significant increase in dimeric stilbene glucosides, both astringin and isorhapontin derivatives (piceasides A to H), in fungus‐infected versus uninfected bark that might explain the reduction in stilbene monomers. Phloem parenchyma cells thus appear to be a principal site of phenolic accumulation in spruce bark.
Gold Catalysis: Catalyst Oxidation State Dependent Dichotomy in the Cyclization of Furan–Yne Systems with Aromatic Tethers
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Hofmann Julia , Shi Shuai , Schütz Alexander , Rudolph Matthias , Lothschütz Christian , Wieteck Marcel , Bührle Miriam , Wölfle Michael , Rominger Frank 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFour different synthetic strategies led to a variety of furan–yne systems that contained an aryl system in the tether. Due to the short routes to these systems (four steps or less), a small library of substrates could easily be prepared. These were treated with AuCl3 or with the Gagosz’s catalyst Ph3PAuNTf2 complex. The AuCl3‐catalyzed reactions delivered highly substituted fluorene derivatives, a class of compounds of great importance as precursors for luminophores with extraordinary abilities. Conversely, a different mechanistic pathway was observed with the cationic gold(I) catalyst. In the latter case, a mechanistically interesting reaction cascade initiated a formal alkyne insertion into the furyl‐sp3‐C bond, which gave indene derivatives as the final products. This new reaction pathway depends on the aromatic moiety in the tether, which stabilizes a crucial cationic intermediate as a benzylic cation.
Synthesis of Imides by Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization of Aldehydes with Secondary Amides
Authors: Bian Yong‐Jun , Chen Chao‐Yue , Huang Zhi‐Zhen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient palladium‐catalyzed CH functionalization of aldehydes with various N‐substituted N‐heteroarene‐2‐carboxamides has been developed for the synthesis of secondary imides. The reaction tolerates various functionalities, such as methoxy, fluoro, chloro, and bromo groups. A tentative radical mechanism for a PdII/PdIV catalytic cycle is proposed.
Catalytic and Mechanistic Insights of the Low‐Temperature Selective Oxidation of Methane over Cu‐Promoted Fe‐ZSM‐5
Authors: Hammond Ceri , Jenkins Robert L. , Dimitratos Nikolaos , Lopez‐Sanchez Jose Antonio , ab Rahim Mohd Hasbi , Forde Michael M. , Thetford Adam , Murphy Damien M. , Hagen Henk , Stangland Eric E. , Moulijn Jacob M. , Taylor Stuart H. , Willock David J. , Hutchings Graham J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe partial oxidation of methane to methanol presents one of the most challenging targets in catalysis. Although this is the focus of much research, until recently, approaches had proceeded at low catalytic rates (<10 h−1), not resulted in a closed catalytic cycle, or were unable to produce methanol with a reasonable selectivity. Recent research has demonstrated, however, that a system composed of an iron‐ and copper‐containing zeolite is able to catalytically convert methane to methanol with turnover frequencies (TOFs) of over 14 000 h−1 by using H2O2 as terminal oxidant. However, the precise roles of the catalyst and the full mechanistic cycle remain unclear. We hereby report a systematic study of the kinetic parameters and mechanistic features of the process, and present a reaction network consisting of the activation of methane, the formation of an activated hydroperoxy species, and the by‐production of hydroxyl radicals. The catalytic system in question results in a low‐energy methane activation route, and allows selective C1‐oxidation to proceed under intrinsically mild reaction conditions.
On the Catalytic Mechanism of (S)‐2‐Hydroxypropylphosphonic Acid Epoxidase (HppE): A Hybrid DFT Study
Authors: Miłaczewska Anna , Broclawik Ewa , Borowski Tomasz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe mechanism of oxidative epoxidation catalyzed by HppE, which is the ultimate step in the biosynthesis of fosfomycin, was studied by using hybrid DFT quantum chemistry methods. An active site model used in the computations was based on the available crystal structure for the HppE‐FeII‐(S)‐HPP complex and it comprised first‐shell ligands of iron as well as second‐shell polar groups interacting with the substrates. The reaction energy profiles were constructed for three a priori plausible mechanisms proposed in the literature, and it was found that the most likely scenario for the native substrate, that is, (S)‐HPP, involves generation of the reactive FeIIIO./FeIVO species, which is responsible for the CH bond‐cleavage. At the subsequent reaction stage, the OH‐rebound, which would lead to a hydroxylated product, is prevented by a fast protonation of the OH ligand and, as a result, ring closure is the energetically preferred step. For the R enantiomer of the substrate ((R)‐HPP), which is oxidized to a keto product, comparable barrier heights were found for the CH bond activation by both the FeIIIO2. and FeIVO species.
Role of Iron Carbonyls in the Inhibition of Oxygen Activation for the Oxidation of CO Catalyzed by Iron Oxide‐Supported Gold
Authors: Jimenez‐Lam Sergio A. , Martinez‐Ramirez Zenaido , Santos‐López Iván A. , Handy Brent E. , Cárdenas‐Galindo María G. , Fierro‐Gonzalez Juan C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIron oxide‐supported gold samples were prepared by co‐precipitation from HAuCl4 and Fe(NO3)3. The activities of the samples as CO oxidation catalysts were tested without thermal treatment and following treatments in flows of He and O2 at various temperatures. It was found that the untreated samples and those treated in a flow of He at 150 °C were more active than samples that had been treated at 400 °C in either a flow of O2 or of He. Infrared spectra recorded during CO oxidation catalysis indicate the presence of bonded CO molecules to cationic gold on all samples, whereas spectra of the least active catalysts indicate a predominant presence of Fe2+ carbonyls, which were highly stable under the conditions of our experiments. Our results indicate that in the least active samples the Fe2+‐bound CO blocks sites that would otherwise be available for oxygen activation.