bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda): differential in vivo mucin expression and glycosylation in high‐ and low‐compatible hosts
Authors: Cortés A. , Muñoz‐Antoli C. , Sotillo J. , Fried B. , Esteban J. G. , Toledo R. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryEnhanced mucus production and release appears to be a common mechanism for the clearance of intestinal helminths, and this expulsion is normally mediated by Th2‐type immune responses. To investigate the factors determining the expulsion of intestinal helminths, we have analysed in vivo expression of mucin genes at the site of infection in two host species displaying different compatibility with Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda). Surprisingly, a general down‐regulation on mucin mRNA expression was detected in low‐compatible hosts (rats) coinciding with the development of Th2/Th17 responses and the early rejection of the worms from the intestinal lumen. This suggests the existence of a mechanism by which the parasites can modulate the mucus barrier to favour their survival. In highly compatible hosts (mice), some mucin genes were found to be up‐regulated throughout the infection, probably, to protect the intestinal epithelium against the infection‐induced inflammation developed in this host species. Moreover, infection‐induced changes on mucin glycans were also studied by lectin histochemistry. Similar alterations were detected in the ileum of infected mice and rats, except with SNA lectin, indicating that sylated mucins might play an important role in determining the evolution of the infection in each host species.
Maternal Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Risk of Miscarriage – Assessing Potential Biases
Authors: Johansen Rie Laurine Rosenthal , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Andersen Anne‐Marie Nybo , Hansen Anne Vinkel , Strandberg‐Larsen Katrine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy has been associated with miscarriage, but the association may be biased by maternal mental illness, lifestyle and exposure misclassification.MethodsA register study on all pregnancies in Denmark between 1996 and 2009 was conducted using individualised data from the Danish National Patient Register, the Medical Birth Register, the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, the Danish National Prescription database and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC).ResultsA total of 1 191 164 pregnancies were included in the study, of which 98 275 also participated in the DNBC. Pregnancies exposed to SSRIs during or before pregnancy were more likely than unexposed pregnancies to result in first trimester miscarriage, hazard rate (HR) = 1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.13] and HR = 1.26 [95% CI 1.16, 1.37], respectively. No difference was observed for second trimester miscarriage. SSRI‐exposed pregnancies without a maternal depression/anxiety diagnosis from a psychiatric department were less likely to result in first trimester miscarriage than unexposed pregnancies with a diagnosis, HR = 0.85 [95% CI 0.76, 0.95]. SSRI‐exposed pregnancies were characterised by an unhealthier maternal lifestyle and mental health profile than unexposed pregnancies, whereas no convincing differences were observed between pregnancies exposed to SSRIs during versus before pregnancy. Substantial disagreement was found between prescriptions and self‐reported use of SSRIs, but it did not affect the estimated hazard ratios.ConclusionConfounding by indication and lifestyle in pregnancy may explain the association between SSRI use and miscarriage.
Too Cool for School? The Relationship between Coolness and Academic Reputation in Early Adolescence
Authors: Jamison Rhonda S. , Wilson Travis , Ryan Allison 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe relationship between peer‐nominated coolness and academic reputation was examined at two time points spanning the first year of middle school (N = 807; 52 percent female; 52 percent African‐American; 48 percent European American). Students predominantly nominated peers who were from their same gender and ethnic group as being cool. Associations between coolness and academic reputation differed across subgroups, were contingent upon level of disruptive behavior, and changed over time from fall to spring of the academic year. In the fall, patterns differed by gender, not by ethnicity. For both white and African‐American boys, hierarchical regressions evidenced a null association between coolness and academic reputation; for both white and African‐American girls, this association was positive. In the spring, findings for white girls were similar to findings from the fall. For the three remaining groups—white boys and African‐American boys and girls—conditions worsened over time, albeit in slightly dissimilar ways. For white boys, fall coolness did not predict significant declines in academic reputation over time; nonetheless, as a group, the coolness–academic reputation was negative by the end of the year. For African‐American boys and girls, fall coolness significantly predicted declines in academic reputation from fall to spring, although the concurrent coolness–academic reputation association was not significantly negative for either group in the spring.
The Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Children's Humor Styles: It's No Laughing Matter!
Authors: Fox Claire Louise , Hunter Simon C. , Jones Siân Emily 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study assessed the concurrent and prospective (fall to spring) associations between peer victimization and four humor styles, two of which are adaptive (affiliative and self‐enhancing) and two maladaptive (aggressive and self‐defeating). Participants were 1234 adolescents (52 percent female) aged 11–13 years, drawn from six secondary schools inEngland. Self‐reports and peer reports of peer victimization were collected, as were self‐reports of humor styles. In cross‐sectional analyses, peer victimization was associated with all four humor styles, most strongly with self‐defeating and affiliative humor. Across the school year, peer victimization was associated with an increase in self‐defeating humor and a decrease in affiliative humor (and vice‐versa). These results have implications for models of humor development and how we understand the continuity of peer victimization.
Toddlers Assert and Acknowledge Ownership Rights
Authors: Ross Hildy , Friedman Ori , Field Aimee 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTwo studies compared toddler owners and non‐owners of toys. Children of 24 and 30 months were supplied with toys and told that they were owners. In play with friends, owners were more likely than non‐owners to maintain possession, claim toys verbally (‘mine’), and non‐verbally, by attempting to regain their own toys in their friends' possession. Children communicated their ownership early in each episode and in preference to other information about the toys. Toddlers in both studies identified toys belonging to their friends and acknowledged their friends' ownership with possessive statements (‘yours’), and in Study 2, recognized the relationship between owners and their property by offering toys that their friends owned. In these ways, toddlers' actions were consistent with accepted ownership rights.
Reliability of Repeated Measurements on Post‐Burn Scars with Corneometer CM 825®
Authors: Anthonissen M. , Daly D. , Peeters R. , Van Brussel M. , Fieuws S. , Moortgat P. , Flour M. , Van den Kerckhove E. 
Published: November 2014

Background/purposeThe water content in burn scars, the parameter of stratum corneum water holding capacity, is an important feature in evaluation of biophysical properties of scars. Nevertheless, quantifiying this parameter is a challenge. In this study, the reliability of repeated water content measurements with Corneometer CM825® on (burn) scars was investigated.MethodsIntra‐observer reliability, inter‐observer reliability and day‐by‐day variability were examined on 30 scars by means of intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and within‐subject coefficient of variation (WSCV). Bland–Altman plots with ‘95% limits of agreement’ were constructed.ResultsResults revealed excellent ICC values (ICCintra = 0.985; ICCinter = 0.984) with relatively low WSCV (WSCVintra = 6.3%; WSCVinter = 10.6%) for respectively intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability. However, the Bland–Altman plot showed that more than 5% of differences were expected to exceed 4 a.u., the limit of what has been defined as a clinically acceptable difference. Results for day‐by‐day variability showed good ICC value (ICCday‐by‐day = 0.849) and higher WSCV (WSCVday‐by‐day = 20.5%).ConclusionThe Corneometer CM825® is an objective and sensitive instrument for water content measurements. On the basis of our results, we concluded that the instrument can be used in clinical trials, but only under very strict conditions with standardized test protocol, preferably in combination with the evaluation of other physiological parameters.
The Relationship between Spatial Configuration and Arab Minority Residential Patterns in Israeli Mixed Cities
Authors: Goldblatt Ran , Omer Itzhak 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates how city's street network is related to the residential dynamics of the Arab minority's residential pattern in five Israeli Arab‐Jewish mixed cities. Based on the the space syntax methodological framework we analysed the metric and topological access between individual streets. The results obtained show an association between residential pattern changes and the relative access of individual streets to the core area of the Arab's community (at the local and the global level) and discontinuity of street networks. The results clearly indicate that topological accessibility (i.e. topological distance between axial lines) is more significant in determining the dynamics of minority‐majority residential pattern than is metric distance. The findings thus support the notion that a city's spatial configuration provides essential conditions for urban ethnic dynamics and the evolution of minority groups' residential patterns. Hence, this factor might be essential for policy making regarding minority‐majority residential segregation.
From Demographic Dividend to Demographic Burden: The Impact of Population Ageing on Economic Growth in Europe
Authors: Van Der Gaag Nicole , de Beer Joop 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the coming years, the share of the working‐age population in the total population will start to decline in all countries of the European Union. All other things remaining equal, this so‐called demographic burden will have a downward effect on economic growth. This paper examines whether the Europe 2020 employment targets would be sufficient to compensate for the downward impact of demographic burden and whether the impact of demography on economic growth differs between EU countries and between urban and rural regions. The results show that raising employment rates to the Europe 2020 targets can restore positive opportunities for economic growth, but not in all countries and only to a limited extent. They also show that even though urban and rural regions differ in terms of population growth and growth of the working age population, the prospects for demographic burden are highly similar for both types of regions.
The Modal Split of Cities: A Workplace‐Based Mixed Modelling Perspective
Authors: Vanoutrive Thomas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMany transport planners and policy‐makers compare cities on the basis of travel behaviour or transport system characteristics. These comparisons are then used to promote cities as ‘cycling capitals’ or ‘public transport paradises’. However, data‐related and methodological issues make comparisons across cities difficult. This paper presents an alternative to the dominant atomistic‐residential perspective which takes a random sample of residents in a city as input. We conceptualise cities as concentrations of workplaces and compare the commuting behaviour of employees active in a selection of sectors. This paper presents a new indicator to measure the modal split of cities and explains the level of car use in Belgian cities using mixed models. The presence of a railway station is associated with lower levels of car use, while highway access increases the share of the car. The car is also less popular in city centres, subcentres and in more dense urban areas.
On the ‘How Many Europes’ Debate: Varieties of Service Economies
Authors: Di Meglio Gisela , Pyka Andreas , Rubalcaba Luis 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper shapes and identifies the varieties and dynamics of service economies in the EU 25. By adopting a neo‐Schumpeterian and evolutionary approach it contributes to enrich previous research dealing with national disparities from the perspective of services economic structures. Communalities across countries and time are detected and discussed at different levels of analysis. A wide set of models across the European region is found from an aggregated perspective. Moreover, the paper analyses the key dimensions explaining the different service models at sectoral level: structural change, knowledge and innovation, internationalisation and competition restrictions. The main result shows that structural composition of countries plays a prominent role, while heterogeneity is driven by dissimilarities in knowledge bases and innovative efforts across Europe.
A Spatial Analysis of Precarious Forms of Employment in France
Authors: Jacquemond Marc , Breau Sébastien 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper provides the first detailed analysis of the spatial dimensions of precarious employment across the French territory. We find that different forms of precarious employment exhibit different spatial patterns. The most striking locational pattern is shown by fixed‐term contracts and part‐time work where we observe clusters of high levels of precarious employment primarily in southern regions. Northern regions, in contrast, are characterised by clusters of low levels of precarious employment. We also find that precarious employment is predominantly a rural phenomenon with the exception of temporary (interim) work which displays higher average levels in urban communes. Finally, modelling results suggest that the geographical distribution of precarious forms of employment is linked to factors such as the unemployment rate, the industrial composition of a region, gender and the structure of family households.
Learning by Bumping: Pathways ofDutch Smes to Foreign Direct Investment in Asia
Authors: van Meeteren Michiel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates how elevenDutch small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) transnationalised withEast andSoutheastAsian economies by means of establishing a foreign subsidiary. The study's aim is to elucidate how firms learned to become a transnational corporation and to gauge the relevance of the firm's external networks in the acquisition of the appropriate knowledge. The paper conceptualisesSMEtransnationalisation as an organisational process that can be understood by theories developed in innovation studies. Through qualitative research on transnationalisation pathways, inferences are drawn on the skills and routines that are necessary to bridge institutional differences and the process by which these skills are acquired and routinised within the firm.
Risk factors for hepatitis B and C infection among blood donors in five Chinese blood centers
Authors: Huang Yi , Guo Nan , Yu Qilu , Lv Yunlai , Ma Hongli , Yun Zhongqiao , Yao Fuzhu , Dong Xiangdong , Zhu Xiangming , Wen Xiuqiong , Cao Ruan , Huang Mei , Bi Xinhong , Zhao Mingjiang , Tiemuer Mei‐hei‐li , Li Julin , Zhou Zhongmin , He Weilan , Liu Jing , Wright David J. , Wang Jingxing , Ness Paul , Shan Hua ,   NHLBI Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study‐II (REDS‐II), International Component
Published: November 2014

BackgroundFew studies were conducted on hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) risk factors among Chinese blood donors in recent years since voluntary donors replaced commercial donors.Study Design and MethodsA case‐control survey was conducted in HBV‐ or HCV‐positive and ‐negative donors from five blood centers in China between September 2009 and April 2011. Case status was defined by having a reactive result on Monolisa HBsAg Ultra (Bio‐Rad) for HBV and Ortho anti‐HCV EIA 3.0 (Johnson & Johnson) for HCV. Controls were randomly selected qualified blood donors matched to cases by donation month and blood center. Specific test‐seeking, medical‐related, and behavioral risk factors were compared by HBV and HCV status using chi‐square tests or Fisher's exact tests with Bonferroni correction.ResultsA total of 364 HBV cases, 174 HCV cases, and 689 controls completed the survey; response rates were 66.2, 47.3, and 82%, respectively. HCV‐positive donors were significantly more likely to report having a blood transfusion history (23.4% vs. 3.0%, p < 0.0001) and ever living with a person with illegal drug injection (6.0% vs. 0.5%, p < 0.0001) than controls. Having intravenous and intramuscular injections in the past 12 months and ever having a tattoo are marginal risk factors for HCV (p values < 0.01). No specific risk factor for HBV was identified.ConclusionHistory of previous transfusion and living with illegal drug users are risk factors for HCV infection among Chinese blood donors from five regions. Test‐seeking behavior is not associated with HBV or HCV infections.
Efficacy and side effects of radiation therapy in comparison with radiation therapy and temozolomide in the treatment of measurable canine malignant melanoma
Authors: Cancedda S. , Rohrer Bley C. , Aresu L. , Dacasto M. , Leone V. F. , Pizzoni S. , Gracis M. , Marconato L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrognosis for unresectable canine malignant melanoma (MM) is typically poor, and therapeutic approaches remain largely palliative. A bi‐institutional trial was conducted to compare efficacy and safety of radiation therapy (RT) andRTwith post‐radiation temozolomide in dogs with chemotherapy‐naïve, measurableMM.RTconsisted of 5 × 6 Gy fractions over 2.5 weeks. Dogs whose owners wished to pursue chemotherapy received adjuvant oral temozolomide (60 mg m−2for 5 days every 28 days). Fifteen dogs were treated withRTonly (Group 1) and 12 dogs subsequently received temozolomide (Group 2). Overall response rate was similar between Group 1 (86.7%) and Group 2 (81.1%). Median time to progression (TTP) was significantly longer in Group 2 (205 days) compared to Group 1 (110 days;p = 0.046). Survival time was not significantly different between groups. Both treatments were well tolerated. Post‐radiation temozolomide has a good safety profile, and may improveTTPinMMwhen compared to coarse fractionatedRT.
Age Related Differences in the Validity of the OMNI Perceived Exertion Scale During Lifestyle Activities
Authors: Rice Kelly R. , Gammon Catherine , Pfieffer Karin , Trost Stewart 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:The OMNI perceived exertion scale was developed for children to report perceived effort while performing physical activity; however no studies have formally examined age-related differences in validity. This study evaluated the validity of the OMNI-RPE in 4 age groups performing a range of lifestyle activities.Methods:206 participants were stratified into four age groups: 6-8 years (n = 42), 9-10 years (n = 46), 11-12 years (n = 47), and 13-15 years (n = 71). Heart rate and VO2 were measured during 11 activity trials ranging in intensity from sedentary to vigorous. After each trial, participants reported effort from the OMNI walk/run scale. Concurrent validity was assessed by calculating within-subject correlations between OMNI ratings and the two physiological indices.Results:The average correlation between OMNI ratings and VO2 was 0.67, 0.77, 0.85, and 0.87 for the 6-8, 9-10, 11-12 and 13-15 y age groups, respectively.Conclusion:The OMNI RPE scale demonstrated fair to good evidence of validity across a range of lifestyle activities among 6- to 15-year-old children. The validity of the scale appears to be developmentally related with RPE reports closely reflecting physiological responses among children older than 8 years.
Repeated High Intensity Bouts with Long Recovery: Are Bicarbonate or Carbohydrate Supplements an Option?
Authors: Stöggl Thomas , Torres-Peralta Rafael , Cetin Ebru , Nagasaki Masaru 
Published: November 2014

The effects of varying recovery modes and the influence of preexercise sodium bicarbonate and carbohydrate ingestion on repeated high intensity performance, acid-base response, and recovery were analyzed in 12 well-trained males. They completed three repeated high intensity running bouts to exhaustion with intervening recovery periods of 25 min under the following conditions: sodium bicarbonate, active recovery (BIC); carbohydrate ingestion, active recovery (CHO); placebo ingestion, active recovery (ACTIVE); placebo ingestion, passive recovery (PASSIVE). Blood lactate (BLa), blood gases, heart rate, and time to exhaustion were collected. The three high intensity bouts had a duration of138±9, 124±6, and121±6 s demonstrating a decrease from bout 1 to bout 3. Supplementation strategy had no effect on performance in the first bout, even with differences in pH and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Repeated sprint performance was not affected by supplementation strategy when compared to ACTIVE, while PASSIVE resulted in a more pronounced decrease in performance compared with all other interventions. BIC led to greater BLa, pH, and HCO3-values compared with all other interventions, while for PASSIVE the opposite was found. BLa recovery was lowest in PASSIVE; recovery in pH, and HCO3-was lower in PASSIVE and higher in BIC.
Make It a Double? Sobering Results from Simulations Using Single-Moment Microphysics Schemes
Authors: Igel Adele L. , Igel Matthew R. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Single-moment microphysics schemes have long enjoyed popularity for their simplicity and efficiency. However, in this article it is argued through theoretical considerations, idealized thunderstorm simulations, and radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations that the assumptions inherent in these parameterizations can induce large errors in the proper representation of clouds and their feedbacks to the atmosphere. For example, precipitation is shown to increase by 200% through changes to fixed parameters in a single-moment scheme and low-cloud fraction in the RCE simulations drops from about 15% in double-moment simulations to about 2% in single-moment simulations. This study adds to the large body of work that has shown that double-moment schemes generally outperform single-moment schemes. Therefore, it is recommended that future studies, regardless of their focus and especially those employing cloud-resolving models to simulate a realistic atmosphere, strongly consider moving to the exclusive use of multimoment microphysics schemes.