bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bug numbers matter: An empirical study of effort‐aware defect prediction using class labels versus bug numbers
Authors: Yang Peixin , Zeng Ziyao , Zhu Lin , Zhang Yanjiao , Wang Xin , Ma Chuanxiang , Hu Wenhua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious research have utilized public software defect datasets such as NASA, RELINK, and SOFTLAB, which only contain class label information. Most effort‐aware defect prediction (EADP) studies are carried out around these datasets. However, EADP studies typically relying on predicted bug number (i.e., considering modules as effort) or density (i.e., considering lines of code as effort) for ranking software modules. To explore the impact of bug number information in constructing EADP models, we access the performance degradation of the best‐performing learning‐to‐rank methods when using class labels instead of bug numbers for training. The experimental results show that using class labels instead of bug numbers in building EADP models results in an decrease in the detected bugs when module is considering as effort. When effort is LOC, using class labels to construct EADP models can lead to a significant increase in the initial false alarms and a significant increase in the modules that need to be inspected. Therefore, we recommend not only the class labels but also the bug number information should be disclosed when publishing software defect datasets, in order to construct more accurate EADP models.
Comprehensive Identification of the Chemical Substances in Effective Component Groups of Polygalae Radix Based on Targeted Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis Strategy
Authors: Wang Hongping , Fan Chunlan , Peng Ping , Wang Zijian , Lin Zhaozhou , Zhao Shuwu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPolygalae Radix is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological activities. Modern research have revealed that saponins, xanthones, and oligosaccharide esters are its effective component groups. However, up to date the chemical substances in these effective component groups are still unclear, which has become a fundamental scientific issue needing to be addressed. In our study, an analysis strategy based on targeted tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis was proposed to comprehensively identify the chemical substances in effective component groups. First, the extract of the Polygalae Radix was detected by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization–orbitrap mass spectrometry in a full MS scan mode to minimize the losses of signals; second, the precursor ions of all compounds were extracted from the obtained full MS scan data using Compound Discoverer software; third, the interested precursor ions were locked based on their molecular features and constructed in a precursor ion list; finally, each precursor ion in the list was subjected to targeted MS/MS analysis for structure characterization. Using our analysis strategy, a total of 565 components were successfully identified.
Modification Strategies of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanomaterials for Photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Dongao , Wang Yuqing , Gong Quanxin , Xia Yupeng , Li Lei , Xue Yuhua , Yang Junhe , Li Shengjuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlthough hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) was initially considered a less promising photocatalyst due to its large band gap and apparent chemical inertness, its unique two‐dimensional lamellar structure coupled with high stability and environmental friendliness, as the second largest van der Waals material after graphene, provides a unique platform for photocatalytic innovation. This review not only highlights the intrinsic qualities of h‐BN with photocatalytic potentials, such as high stability, environmental compatibility, and tunable bandgap through various modification strategies but also provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in h‐BN‐based nanomaterials for environmental and energy applications, as well as an in‐depth description of the modification methods and fundamental properties for these applications. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of h‐BN‐based nanomaterials for future photocatalysis.
The effect of hydroxy‐selenomethionine on the productive and reproductive performance of old broiler breeders
Authors: Manafi Ahmad , Ebrahimnezhad Yahya , Shahryar Habib Aghdam , Teli Abdolahad Shaddel , Gorbani Abolfazl , Maheri‐Sis Naser 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelenium (Se) is a rare essential element that plays a vital role in the health and performance of animals. By interfering in the production of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase and methionine sulfoxide, Se plays a role in reducing the effects of oxidative stress and animal performance.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroxy‐selenomethionine (OH‐SeMet) in the diet of broiler breeder and old broiler breeder roosters on productive performance, reproduction and sperm quality parameters.MethodsFor this purpose, 260 broiler breeders of the Ross 308 strain were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications (13 hens and one rooster in each replication). Experimental treatments included: (1) a basal diet without OH‐SeMet (T1:control), (2) a broiler breeder diet without OH‐SeMet and a rooster diet containing 0.1 mg/kg OH‐SeMet (T2), (3) broiler breeder diet containing 0.1 mg/kg OH‐SeMet and rooster diet without OH‐SeMet (T3) and (4) broiler breeder and rooster diet contained 0.1 mg/kg OH‐SeMet (T4).ResultsThe results showed that T3 and T4 treatments improved egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). The fertility and hatchability percentages of T4 and T2 treatments increased compared to T1 and T3 treatments (p < 0.05). The rate of embryonic losses in T1 was higher than in other treatments. However, grade one chickens were higher in T4 than in other treatments (p < 0.05). Total motility and viability of sperms were significantly higher in T2 and T4 treatments than in T1 and T3 treatments. The sperm abnormality percentage and sperm MDA concentration decreased in T2 and T4 treatments.ConclusionsTherefore, using OH‐SeMet may be a practical approach to help old broiler breeders’ production and reproduction performance.
Synthesis of a new Schiff base acceptor–donor molecule as a UV stabilizer for enhanced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) photoprotection
Authors: Mohammad Hamid J. , Ahmed Ayysha Shihab , Saleh Taiseer Abdul‐kader , Anwer Mohammed Basil , Hamzah Hussein A. , Alshareef Sohad A. , Alhuwaymil Zamzam , Jwad Rasha Saad , Al‐Mashhadani Mohammed H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPoly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester of significant interest. Owing to its traits, PLA stands out as one of the most widely used polymers in various fields. Nevertheless, environmental conditions, such as heat, UV light, and humidity have negative impacts on the polymer's performance as a result of the accelerating aging process. In this study, we present a novel acceptor–donor (AD) Schiff base molecule that demonstrates significant UV stabilization when incorporated into the polymer's matrix. The stabilization effect of the AD molecule was studied by using the weight loss method and tracking the functional group indices of CO (ICO) and OH (IOH) that emerge because of polymer degradation after irradiation with UV light for 300 h. The films' structures were studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) to evaluate the stabilization enhancement of AD moiety. The results exhibit a significant decrease in weight loss for blended PLA, in contrast to blank PLA. The weight loss percentage reduced from 2.5 for blank PLA to less than 0.7 for blended PLA. Furthermore, ICO and IOH indices witness a remarkable reduction which verifies the improved photodegradation resulting from AD moiety. The suggested method involves the efficient absorption of UV radiation produced during photo‐degradation by the AD molecule, which then emits this light as visible blue light without causing any damage to PLA film's chemical structure. Our results demonstrate the adaptability of AD molecules as PLA photo‐stabilizers and point to their wider significance for sustainable material applications. This work advances the stability of PLA films and provides opportunities for the creation of novel stabilization techniques based on organic electrical principles. Future studies may examine the multipurpose uses of the AD molecule in sensor materials and other contexts.Highlights
Presenting a novel acceptor–donor Schiff base as a phot stabilizer of PLA.
Using the weight loss method and tracking the functional group indices to test the degradation.
A significant decrease in weight loss for blended PLA, in contrast to blank PLA.
The Schiff base absorbing UV light, excited electrons from ground state to excited state.
They return to the ground state and produce bright blue light.
These movement of electrons cause no damage to the PLA polymer chains.
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a blue‐fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva)
Authors: Vieu Sabrina , Mortier Jeremy , Le Dudal Marine , Pignon Charly , Coquelle Mélanie , Coutant Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 14‐year‐old, female, blue‐fronted Amazon parrot was referred for episodes of regurgitation. The differential diagnosis mainly included bornavirus infection, infectious or traumatic ingluvitis, gastro‐oesophageal reflux, gastritis/enteritis, heavy metal poisoning, metabolic disease (severe hepatic or renal disease), coelomitis, digestive neoplasia, extra‐digestive masses, organomegaly or foreign body. No improvement was noted with symptomatic treatment. Radiographs, avian bornavirus polymerase chain reaction and serology, biochemistry, haematology, crop cytology and ultrasonography failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. Lethargy, weight loss and crop stasis after 1 month motivated computed tomography, which revealed focal thickening of the oesophageal wall. Fine‐needle aspiration under computed tomography guidance of the mass was non‐diagnostic, and the bird died during recovery from anaesthesia. Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed by histopathology. This case illustrates the benefit of advanced diagnostic imaging to investigate chronic refractory regurgitations and describes the use of computed tomography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in an avian patient.
Ammonium oxidation from concentrated synthetic wastewater and landfill leachate using partial nitritation in sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Patel Harsh V. , Zhao Renzun , Eramo Alessia , Blanc Sophia , Fahrenfeld Nicole L. , Brazil Brian , Luster‐Teasley Stephanie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPartial nitritation (PN) is a novel treatment for nitrogen removal using aerobic ammonium oxidation with reduced oxygen requirements compared to conventional nitrification. This study evaluated the performance of the PN process and the factors influencing nitrogen removal from landfill leachate. During the reactivation of biomass, the results showed 70% ammonium removal, but only 20% total nitrogen removal. Further analysis showed that low nitrite accumulation and high nitrate production promoted the growth of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The ammonium removal activity after soaking the cultivated biomass in synthetic water and leachate was measured to be 0.57, 0.1, 0.17, and 0.25 g N•g VSS−1•d−1 for synthetic wastewater and leachate soaking for synthetic wastewater, 12 h, 3 days, and 7 days, respectively. The study found abundant ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOBs in biomass soaked in synthetic wastewater. However, soaking in leachate promoted AOB growth and inhibited NOB growth making leachate suitable for PN.Practitioner Points
The study found that with a longer leachate‐soaking period for biomass, ammonium removal activity increases, which in turn increases ammonium conversions during the PN process.
Ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) can acclimate to landfill leachate substrate and grow with a longer soaking period.
Nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were inhibited by landfill leachate substrate, which is beneficial for nitrite accumulation.
Anabolized DO can convert nitrite to nitrate rapidly, which results in higher nitrate accumulation compared to nitrite accumulation.
Hence, the DO level has to be sufficiently low to prevent nitrite oxidation and nitrate accumulation.
Optimizing Airborne Flight Line Spacing for Geoid Determination with Full Gravity Vectors
Authors: Foroughi Ismael , Goli Mehdi , Ferguson Stephen , Pagiatakis Spiros 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe horizontal components of the airborne gravity vector are equivalent to the deflection of the vertical at the flight level and contain signals of the slope of Earth’s gravity field. We test the contribution of such components in finding the optimum flight line spacing for geoid modelling. We use the one-step integration method and create a system of linear equations containing the three components of the airborne gravity vector as observations and solve the geodetic boundary value problem on the reference ellipsoid as an overdetermined weighted least-squares problem. We test our methodology in the Colorado region in the USA given that it is one of the most challenging areas for geoid modelling. We show that by incorporating the horizontal components at the flight level, one can increase the flight line spacing by almost 40%, thereby significantly reducing the cost of airborne surveys while maintaining the same accuracy in the estimated geoid heights as when the scalar value of gravity is used.
Wandel, Change und Transformation
Authors: Tokarski Kim Oliver , Endrissat Nada , Kissling-Näf Ingrid 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff der Transformation ist allgegenwärtig, eine allgemeingültige Definition jedoch nur schwer zu finden. In diesem Einleitungskapitel wird sich mit den Begriffen Wandel, Change und Transformation auseinandergesetzt und auf die besondere Bedeutung der Antizipation und Gestaltung der Zukunft (Proaktivität) eingegangen, die dem Begriff der Transformation inhärent ist. Frei nach dem Motto „Wandel korrigiert die Vergangenheit, Transformation schafft die Zukunft“ werden zentrale Aspekte skizziert, die für eine solche Zukunftsgestaltung wesentlich sind. Dabei wird auf bekannte Wandelkonzepte zurückgegriffen und von diesen abgegrenzt, wann immer es notwendig erscheint. Da sich das Wirtschaftssystem aufgrund der veränderten technologischen, ökologischen, demografischen und werteorientierten Dimensionen aktuell in einem Umbruch befindet, welcher nach neuen Parametern und Paradigmen verlangt, wird die Relevanz der proaktiven Zukunftsgestaltung im Sinne einer Transformation weiter zunehmen.
Die Transformation von Gründer:innen
Authors: Rüegsegger Til , Schell Sabrina 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Gründungsprozess gliedert sich in mehrere Phasen, in denen sich sowohl das Unternehmen, als auch die Gründer:innen verändern. Insbesondere die Veränderung und Weiterentwicklung von Humankapital und Sozialkapital im Zeitverlauf spielt eine entscheidende Rolle für den langfristigen Erfolg des Unternehmens und der Gründer:innen. Wie und warum sich diese verändern untersucht dieser Beitrag. Mit einer systematischen Literaturanalyse und Interviews mit Gründer:innen und Expert:innen wird ein Modell entwickelt, welches die Transformation der Gründer:innen und insbesondere Ihrer Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten im Zeitverlauf illustriert und Hinweise für Wissenschaft und Praxis gibt.
Digitalisierung der öffentlichen Verwaltung
Authors: Perez Luca , Zumstein Joël , Schwarz Daniel 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Schweiz weist im internationalen Vergleich von digitalen Dienstleistungen der öffentlichen Verwaltung (e-Government) großes Verbesserungspotenzial auf. Insbesondere die Basisdienstleistungen sind vergleichsweise wenig digitalisiert. Ausgehend von der theoretischen Grundlage zur Verwaltungsdigitalisierung sowie zu Erfolgsfaktoren der Digitalisierung, ordnet der Beitrag den Stand der Schweiz im internationalen Vergleich ein. Darauf aufbauend wird anschließend der Digitalisierungsgrad aus personeller, technologischer und organisatorischer Perspektive in ausgewählten Berner Gemeinden empirisch untersucht. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass insbesondere bei der Erarbeitung von strategischen Grundlagen, bei der Anpassung des Führungsstils, der Kommunikation sowie bei der Adaption von Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation Handlungsbedarf besteht.
Naturbasierte Lösungen in einer Smart City
Authors: Friedli Pia-Andrea , Wäspi Flurina 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungPhänomene wie der Klimawandel und die fortlaufende Urbanisierung stellen Städte vor vielfältige Herausforderungen: Der Ressourcenverbrauch, die wachsende Mobilität wie auch die Raumknappheit wirken auf städtische Ökosysteme ein, welche im Kontext der Agenda 2030 dringend nachhaltiger werden müssen. Dieses Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenspiel von naturbasierten Lösungen (NBS) und Smart Cities. Es werden inhaltliche Überschneidungen der beiden Konzepte aus theoretischer Perspektive diskutiert und aufgezeigt, inwiefern NBS ein Werkzeug für Smart Cities auf dem Weg zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit und zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel darstellt. NBS bieten einer Smart City durch ihre Multifunktionalität zahlreiche Zusatznutzen und dimensionsübergreifende Chancen. Damit sich diese Chancen realisieren können, empfiehlt sich, NBS direkt in der Stadtplanung zu berücksichtigen, städtische Stakeholder einzubeziehen, geeignete Technologien einzusetzen sowie die Wirtschaftlichkeit der NBS frühzeitig zu beachten.
Leichtathletikvereine im strategischen Wandel
Authors: Gubler Daniela , Schellinger Jochen 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Leichtathletik gehört seit jeher zu den beliebtesten Sportarten weltweit. Während sich die Disziplinen kaum verändert haben, sind die Ansprüche der Athleten gewachsen, und die Komplexität und die Menge der Aufgaben in den Vereinen haben zugenommen. Dies zwingt viele Vereine dazu, sich zu professionalisieren. Der Weg zur Professionalisierung bedingt für die Vereine den Aufbau von zusätzlichen Ressourcen sowie die Anpassung von den Vereinskulturen und -strukturen. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wurde auf Basis herkömmlicher Unternehmensentwicklungsmodelle ein spezifisches Entwicklungsmodell für Leichtathletikvereine konzipiert und mittels Expert*innenbefragungen und einer Fallstudie empirisch fundiert. Es kann von Vereinen auf dem Weg vom Amateurverein zu einem teil- oder vollprofessionalisierten Verein als theorie- und erfahrungsbasierte Orientierungshilfe herangezogen werden.
Scale symmetry breaking and generation of mass at quantum critical points
Authors: Cresswell-Hogg Charlie , Litim Daniel F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study an asymptotically free theory of N relativistic Dirac fermions and a real scalar field coupled by Yukawa and scalar self-interactions in three dimensions using functional renormalisation. In the limit of many fermion flavours, the cubic scalar coupling becomes exactly marginal due to quantum fluctuations, leading to a line of strongly-coupled infrared fixed points. Fermion mass can be generated through a quantum phase transition even if chiral symmetry is absent. The line of fixed points terminates at a critical endpoint due to the loss of vacuum stability. Exactly at the endpoint, scale symmetry is broken spontaneously, leading to the generation of fermion mass. Intriguingly, the absence of chiral symmetry is a prerequisite for the spontaneous generation of fermion mass, and not a consequence thereof. We also highlight close similarities between Gross-Neveu and Gross-Neveu-Yukawa theories at and away from critical points, and establish the large-N equivalence of their functional RG flows and quantum effective actions. Further implications including for conformal field theories are indicated.
A semi-analytical x-space solution for parton evolution — Application to non-singlet and singlet DGLAP equation
Authors: Haug Juliane , Schüle Oliver , Wunder Fabian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a novel semi-analytical method for parton evolution. It is based on constructing a family of analytic functions spanning x-space which is closed under the considered evolution equation. Using these functions as a basis, the original integro-differential evolution equation transforms into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations, which can be solved numerically by restriction to a suitably chosen finite subsystem. The evolved distributions are obtained as analytic functions in x with numerically obtained coefficients, providing insight into the analytic behavior of the evolved parton distributions. As a proof-of-principle, we apply our method to the leading order non-singlet and singlet DGLAP equation. Comparing our results to traditional Mellin-space methods, we find good agreement. The method is implemented in the code POMPOM in Mathematica as well as in Python.
The 1 → 3 massive splitting functions from QCD factorization and SCET
Authors: Craft Evan , Gonzalez Mark , Lee Kyle , Meçaj Bianka , Moult Ian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Splitting functions are universal functions describing the collinear dynamics of gauge theories, and as such are crucial ingredients for a wide variety of calculations in perturbative QCD. We present analytic results for the triple collinear splitting functions in QCD with a single massive parton. We derive the splitting functions using two distinct methods; first by expanding the squared matrix elements in the collinear limit, and secondly by using soft-collinear effective theory with massive quarks. We find agreement between these two approaches, providing a strong check of our results. Additionally, we also check all iterated and soft limits of our results, finding agreement with predictions from factorization. Our results provide an important ingredient for higher order perturbative calculations involving massive partons, and for the description of the collinear dynamics of heavy flavor jets.
Lattice-Based Polynomial Commitments: Towards Asymptotic and Concrete Efficiency
Authors: Fenzi Giacomo , Moghaddas Hossein , Nguyen Ngoc Khanh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolynomial commitments schemes are a powerful tool that enables one party to commit to a polynomialpof degreed, and prove that the committed function evaluates to a certain valuezat a specified pointu, i.e.$$p(u) = z$$p(u)=z, without revealing any additional information about the polynomial. Recently, polynomial commitments have been extensively used as a cryptographic building block to transform polynomial interactive oracle proofs (PIOPs) into efficient succinct arguments. In this paper, we propose a lattice-based polynomial commitment that achieves succinct proof size and verification time in the degreedof the polynomial. Extractability of our scheme holds in the random oracle model under a natural ring version of the BASIS assumption introduced by Wee and Wu (EUROCRYPT 2023). Unlike recent constructions of polynomial commitments by Albrecht et al. (CRYPTO 2022), and by Wee and Wu, we do not require any expensive preprocessing steps, which makes our scheme particularly attractive as an ingredient of a PIOP compiler for succinct arguments. We further instantiate our polynomial commitment, together with the PIOP (EUROCRYPT 2020), to obtain a publicly-verifiable trusted-setup succinct argument for Rank-1 Constraint System (R1CS). Performance-wise, we achieve$$17$$17MB proof size for$$2^{20}$$220constraints, which is$$15$$15X smaller than currently the only publicly-verifiable lattice-based SNARK proposed by Albrecht et al.