bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The occurrence of zoonotic parasites in rural dog populations from northern Portugal
Authors: Cardoso A.S. , Costa I.M.H. , Figueiredo C. , Castro A. , Conceição M.A.P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA survey of intestinal parasites in dogs was carried out in a rural region around Cantanhede, in northern Portugal, where 301 dog faecal samples were collected from small-ruminant farms. Saturated salt flotation and formol–ether sedimentation techniques were used. An enquiry was conducted in 234 farms and a risk factor evaluation for zoonotic helminths was determined among the 195 farmers who owned dogs. The overall parasite prevalence in faecal samples of dogs was 58.8%, with specific prevalences for Ancylostomidae being 40.9% followed by species of Trichuris (29.9%), Toxocara (8%), Isospora (4%), Capillaria (0.7%) and Spirometra (0.3%). Taeniidae eggs were present in five samples (1.7%) which were analysed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and revealed to be from Taenia sp., and not Echinococcusgranulosus. This rural region has a traditional small-farm system, in which farm products are mainly for in-house consumption and home slaughtering is a current practice (57%). Analysis showed home slaughtering to be a statistically significant risk factor for the presence of Ancylostomidae (P= 0.007) and Toxocara sp. (P= 0.049). Owning cattle was found to be a significant risk factor for Taenia sp. (P= 0.031).
Human ocular onchocerciasis caused byOnchocerca lupi(Spirurida, Onchocercidae) in Iran
Authors: Mowlavi G. , Farzbod F. , Kheirkhah A. , Mobedi I. , Bowman D.D. , Naddaf S.R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCases of canine onchocerciasis caused byOnchocerca lupiare increasingly reported from Europe and the western United States of America. The zoonotic role of this parasite had already been suspected in Europe as the clinical signs and histopathology seen in two ocular cases from Albania and the Crimean region were very similar to those of canine ocular onchocerciasis. In the most recent reports of human onchocerciasis,O. lupihas been morphologically and molecularly identified as the causative agent of ocular infestation in two patients from Turkey, and one patient from Tunisia. Here, we report an additional case of nodular lesions involving two, and possibly more, immature worms in a patient from Iran. The parasite was found to belong to the genusOnchocercabased on morphological features and the species was confirmed asO. lupifrom a partial sequence analysis of 12S ribosomal DNA.
Isolated primary frontal sinus aspergillosis: role of endonasal endoscopic approach
Authors: Gupta R , Gupta A K 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:Frontal sinus involvement in aspergillosis associated with the nose and paranasal sinuses is a common occurrence, but the incidence of primary frontal sinus aspergillosis is rare, and there are few reports in the English literature.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the role of the endonasal endoscopic surgical approach for isolated primary frontal sinus aspergillosis.Method:This paper describes a retrospective study of 16 cases of primary frontal sinus aspergillosis. The patients had presented to the out-patient services of the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, between January 1999 and July 2011.Results:The overall success rate of the endonasal endoscopic approach was 82.25 per cent. The disease recurred in three patients and was subsequently managed using the modified Lothrop procedure.Conclusion:Minimally invasive endonasal endoscopic sinus surgery was found to be an effective and a safe approach for managing primary frontal sinus aspergilloma, even in cases with larger bony defects involving the posterior table of the frontal sinus.
So now what? Effects of retirement on civic engagement
Authors: VAN DEN BOGAARD LEVI , HENKENS KÈNE , KALMIJN MATTHIJS 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTRetirement is an event that often brings about great changes in a person's personal and social life. For many people, work is not only a way to fill time and earn money, but also important for their identity and meaning in life. After retirement, these benefits of work are lost, and it is expected that people will seek substitutes for this loss. This paper focuses on the effects of retirement on informal civic activities such as the support given to family and friends as well as more formal types such as volunteering and organisational involvement. Using two waves from the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study, a conditional change model is employed. Two groups are compared: men and women who kept working, and men and women who retired. Results show that following retirement, people appear to change the nature of some relationships by providing more instrumental support. Furthermore, retirees seem to start spending more time volunteering after retirement, and they increase their organisational memberships. Implications, strengths and limitations of the study are discussed.
Troubling genre, ethnicity and geopolitics in Taiwanese American independent rock music
Authors: Hsu Wendy F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the performances of Taiwanese American Jack Hsu and his New Jersey-based progressive erhu-rock band The Hsu-nami, in transnational contexts fraught by ethnonationalism and race. Through an ethnographic approach, this paper highlights the band's depoliticising practice to deflect the geopolitics across the Taiwan Strait. It also discusses how Hsu adapts the musical and gender ideologies in rock music culture to diffuse racial ideologies surrounding his ethnicity and instrument. Finally, an analysis of the band's deployment of cultural diplomacy discusses pragmatic multiculturalism, a mode that reflects the tension between rock music's ostensibly counter-cultural front and its commercial foundation.
Association of congenital descending aorto–left atrial fistula with the aortopulmonary window and atrial septal defect
Authors: Sarkar Achyut K , Sanjeeva Naveenchandra G , Waghmare Nagesh S 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report a case of fistula between the descending aorta and the left atrium with associated aortopulmonary window and secundum atrial septal defect. No previous reports of such association have been found in the literature. A 5-month-old infant presented with heart failure from the age of 2 weeks. Echocardiography confirmed the presence of an aorto–left atrial fistula, aortopulmonary window, and atrial septal defect. The diagnosis was additionally supported by computed tomography. The entity aorto–left atrial fistula is rare. It is mostly acquired and usually between the ascending aorta and the right atrium or right ventricle or left ventricle. We do not know about all the associated anomalies, which have implications in management. There is a case report of ascending aorto–left atrial fistula associated with bicuspid aortic valve and anomalous origin of coronaries. Here we are reporting a case of descending aorto–left atrial fistula associated with aortopulmonary window.
Results of using cardiopulmonary bypass for spinal cord protection during surgical repair of complex aortic coarctation
Authors: Sandrio Stany , Karck Matthias , Gorenflo Matthias , Loukanov Tsvetomir 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical treatment of complex aortic coarctation using partial cardiopulmonary bypass to increase the spinal cord protection.MethodsA total of 15 patients (age range from 7 to 48 years) underwent coarctation repair through a left posterolateral thoracotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. Cannulation was performed via the descending aorta and the main pulmonary artery. In all, six surgeries were performed under hypothermic circulatory arrest and nine repairs were performed under mild hypothermia. The clinical outcome regarding the development of restenosis, as well as major neurologic complication, was studied.ResultsThere was no mortality. None of the patients developed paraplegia. Of the 15 patients, two developed a recurrent stenosis at the proximal anastomosis between the aortic arch and the aortic prothesis at a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. In the remaining 13 patients, echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no evidence of a significant gradient.ConclusionComplex aortic coarctation without hypoplasia of the proximal aortic arch and intra-cardiac anomalies can be repaired with low mortality and neurologic morbidity via a left thoracotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass goes along with a low risk of spinal cord and lower body ischaemia and provides a sufficient amount of time for the anastomoses.
Rawlsian Public Reason and the Theological Framework of Martin Luther King's “Letter from Birmingham City Jail”
Authors: Dyer Justin Buckley , Stuart Kevin E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe ideal of public reason, made prominent by John Rawls, has become a mainstay of discussions about the proper role of religious arguments in a politically liberal society. In particular, Rawls's theory of public reason requires citizens and public officials to refrain from appealing to comprehensive religious and philosophical doctrines in public deliberation on matters of basic justice and constitutional essentials. In this essay, we review the ways in which the public life of Martin Luther King, Jr. — with its frequent appeals to a comprehensive doctrine to justify disobedience to the law — represents a challenge to the ideal of public reason, and we consider several Rawlsian rejoinders. What is missing from the existing body of scholarship on public reason is a thorough analysis of King's philosophical and theological arguments, including the examples of legal injustice he offered in his celebrated “Letter from Birmingham Jail.” As we note, King's specific examples of unjust laws rely on a theological framework that bedevils the attempt to reconcile his Letter with the constructivist underpinnings of Rawls's theory of public reason. Indeed, Rawls is in something of a bind: either King's argument is not acceptable under the terms of public reason or public reason simply cannot limit contemporary public discourse in the way Rawls has in mind. We consider several possible Rawlsian arguments for the accommodation of King's theological rhetoric, but conclude that the Rawlsian idea of public reason remains deeply problematic.
Giving Up On the Founding: The Separation of Church and State and the Writing of Establishment Clause History
Authors: Grenda Christopher S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExamination of the First Amendment's establishment clause in the post World War II period is unique in American constitutional interpretation because virtually all voices had agreed on one point, originalism. Few if any significant writers on the establishment clause had doubted the centrality of the founders' original intent for interpreting the clause's meaning. Yet this now has changed. Unlike their predecessors, leading advocates of church-state separation have now moved away from an original meaning interpretation of the establishment clause. Yet these separationists continue to try to ground their normative policy prescriptions in establishment clause mandates. They attempt this balancing act by employing narrative strategies of evolutionary processes in history. They do not simply track changes in constitutional doctrine, but characterize changes yielding greater separation between church and state through the nation's history as incipient in the Republic's founding, an originally inchoate church-state principle only fully formed through historical evolution. In the process, they sweep myriad separationist ideas into their progressively evolving narratives which have never been enunciated as law. Their accounts thus often reflect less an attempt to track historical developments in fundamental law than an attempt to construct fundamental law narratives. These attempts highlight persistent historical problems in the separationist endeavor that require attention if the evolutionary narratives of leading separationist are to shape the field of establishment clause history.
Zen and the Science of American Politics: Minority Religious Traditions and Political Engagement
Authors: Schoettmer Patrick 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAmerican Buddhism is a phenomenon that allows for the testing of a number of generally-held assumptions about how religion operates within the American context. Due to the fairly de-politicized character of the religion in the United States, Buddhism allows for the examination of religion-qua-religion insofar as its role in the political mobilization of believers. This study finds that Buddhist political engagement is driven in general by private religious practice rather than by communal or small-group religious participation, as social capital-oriented theories of religio-political engagement suggest. Furthermore, this appears likely to be due to the nature of Buddhist adherents in the United States (who are predominantly Caucasian converts to the faith and who enjoy a generally high socio-economic status.) Closer examination of the situation of Buddhists in the United States suggests that the resource-model of civic skill acquisition does hold among the most economically disadvantaged, but that other explanations help us better understand political engagement among more advantaged Buddhists.
Vertical Integration of Pharmacogenetics in Population PK/PD Modeling: A Novel Information Theoretic Method
Authors: Knights J , Chanda P , Sato Y , Kaniwa N , Saito Y , Ueno H , Zhang A , Ramanathan M 
Published: February 2013

To critically evaluate an information‐theoretic method for identifying gene–environmental interactions (GEI) associated with pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD), and clinical outcomes from genome‐wide pharmacogenetic data. Our approach, which is built on the K‐way interaction information (KWII) metric, was challenged with simulated data and clinical PK/PD data sets from the International Warfarin Pharmacogenetics Consortium (IWPC) and a gemcitabine clinical trial. The KWII efficiently identified both novel and known interactions for warfarin and gemcitabine. Interactions between herbal supplementation and VKORC1 genotype were associated with warfarin response. For gemcitabine‐associated neutropenia, combination treatment with carboplatin and cytidine deaminase (CDA) 208G→A genotypes were identified as risk factors. Gemcitabine disposition was associated with drug metabolism–transporter interactions between deoxycytidine kinase (DCK) and the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT). This novel approach is effective for detecting GEI involved in drug exposure and response and could enable integration of genome‐wide pharmacogenetic data into the population PK/PD analysis paradigm.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e25; doi:10.1038/psp.2012.25; advance online publication 6 February 2013
HSP90 inhibitors enhance differentiation and MITF (microphthalmia transcription factor) activity in osteoclast progenitors
Authors: van der Kraan A. Gabrielle J. , Chai Ryan C. C. , Singh Preetinder P. , Lang Benjamin J. , Xu Jiake , Gillespie Matthew T. , Price John T. , Quinn Julian M. W. 
Published: February 2013

The HSP90 (heat-shock protein 90) inhibitor 17-AAG (17-allylamino-demethoxygeldanamycin) increases osteoclast formation both in vitro and in vivo, an action that can enhance cancer invasion and growth in the bone microenvironment. The cellular mechanisms through which 17-AAG exerts this action are not understood. Thus we sought to clarify the actions of 17-AAG on osteoclasts and determine whether other HSP90 inhibitors had similar properties. We determined that 17-AAG and the structurally unrelated HSP90 inhibitors CCT018159 and NVP-AUY922 dose-dependently increased RANKL [receptor activator of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) ligand]-stimulated osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow and pre-osteoclastic RAW264.7 cell cultures. Moreover, 17-AAG also enhanced RANKL- and TNF (tumour necrosis factor)-elicited osteoclastogenesis, but did not affect RANKL-induced osteoclast survival, suggesting that only differentiation mechanisms are targeted. 17-AAG affected the later stages of progenitor maturation (after 3 days of incubation), whereas the osteoclast formation enhancer TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) acted prior to this, suggesting different mechanisms of action. In studies of RANKL-elicited intracellular signalling, 17-AAG treatment did not increase c-Fos or NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) c1 protein levels nor did 17-AAG increase activity in luciferase-based NF-κB- and NFAT-response assays. In contrast, 17-AAG treatment (and RANKL treatment) increased both MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) protein levels and MITF-dependent vATPase-d2 (V-type proton ATPase subunit d2) gene promoter activity. These results indicate that HSP90 inhibitors enhance osteoclast differentiation in an NFATc1-independent manner that involves elevated MITF levels and activity.
DC and RF characteristics of In0.52Al0.48As/In0.7Ga0.3As HEMTs at 300 and 16 K
Authors: Endoh A. , Watanabe I. , Mimura T. , Matsui T. 
Published: February 2013

Pseudomorphic In0.52Al0.48As/In0.7Ga0.3As HEMTs have been fabricated in the gate length Lg range of 50 to 700 nm and their DC and RF characteristics measured at 300 and 16 K. The maximum drain‐source current Ids, the maximum transconductance gm_max and the cutoff frequency fT values increased at 16 K as expected. The ratios gm_max(16 K)/gm_max(300 K) and fT(16 K)/fT(300 K) decreased with decreasing Lg, which results from the enhancement of the ballistic transport of electrons.
Modulation of AgRP-neuronal function by SOCS3 as an initiating event in diet-induced hypothalamic leptin resistance
Authors: Olofsson Louise E. , Unger Elizabeth K. , Cheung Clement C. , Xu Allison W. 
Published: February 2013

Significance
Multiple neuronal subtypes are involved in metabolic regulation, but little is known about the temporal dysregulation of neuronal functions upon acute consumption of fat-rich diets. We show that AgRP neurons are the predominant cell type situated outside the blood-brain barrier in the mediobasal hypothalamus. AgRP neurons are able to sense slight changes in plasma metabolic signals, such as leptin, but they also more quickly develop cellular leptin resistance compared with other hypothalamic neurons. We further show that modulation of SOCS3 expression in AgRP neurons plays a dynamic role in metabolic fine tuning in response to acute change of nutritional status.
Malignant hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with high‐output heart failure: Successful management of heart failure with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
Authors: Hsu Chien‐Yi , Liu Yao‐Chung , Li Chung‐Pin , Huang Po‐Hsun , Lin Chin‐Hsuan , Chao Yee 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA 73‐year‐old woman was admitted to hospital because of progressive dyspnea on exertion. Computed tomography revealed a large hepatic tumor, which was proved to be a hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE). Echocardiography demonstrated high cardiac output, for which the tumor was considered to be the leading cause. A transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was performed sequentially at 1‐month intervals to reduce the size of the hepatic tumor, and this temporarily improved the patient's cardiac condition and quality of life. In this case, we successfully used TACE in the treatment of hepatic EHE with high‐output heart failure. TACE is a reasonable choice of treatment both for managing malignant hepatic tumors and resolving low systemic vascular resistance by embolization of the abnormal neoangiogenic vessels. Nevertheless, clinicians should be aware of the potential adverse effect of hepatic decompensation induced by TACE, especially when the tumor involvement is widespread and poorly preserved hepatic function is encountered.
Estimating the Impact of Reducing Violence Against Female Sex Workers on HIV Epidemics in Kenya and Ukraine: A Policy Modeling Exercise
Authors: Decker Michele R. , Wirtz Andrea L. , Pretorius Carel , Sherman Susan G. , Sweat Michael D. , Baral Stefan D. , Beyrer Chris , Kerrigan Deanna L. 
Published: February 2013

ProblemFemale sex workers (FSWs) worldwide suffer disproportionate burdens of HIV and gender‐based violence. Despite evidence linking these threats, little is known about the potential HIV epidemic impact of reducing abuse.Method of studyThe Goals model approximated the impact of reducing violence against FSWs on HIV epidemics in Ukraine and Kenya, measured by reductions in new infections among FSWs and adults. Cumulative infections averted over a 5‐year period, in which violence declined was calculated, relative to a status quo with no reduction. Projections held HIV interventions constant at baseline levels; subsequently, scenarios adjusted for planned expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage.ResultsAn approximate 25% reduction in incident HIV infections among FSWs was observed when physical or sexual violence was reduced; cumulative infections averted were 21,200 and 4700 in Kenya and Ukraine, respectively. Similar percent reductions were observed assuming ART coverage expansion, with approximately 18,200 and 4400 infections averted among FSWs in Kenya and Ukraine. New infections were also averted in the general population.ConclusionReducing violence against FSWs appears to impart significant reductions in new infections among FSWs and in the general adult population in both generalized and concentrated epidemics. Limitations provide direction to improve the precision of future estimates.
Exhuming the defeated: Civil War mass graves in 21st‐century Spain
Authors: FERRÁNDIZ FRANCISCO 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe exhumations of two mass graves in a small Spanish village, conducted eight years apart, illustrate changing attitudes toward and procedures related to Civil War (1936–39) disinterments over the last decade. The sudden public visibility of skeletons of civilians executed by Francisco Franco's paramilitary has triggered heated debates both about how to handle these remains in a consolidated democratic state and what to make of related judicial and institutional initiatives. I place the particularity of Spain's “human rights outsourcing model” regarding Civil War crimes in comparative perspective within the framework of transnational human rights discourses and practices.
Cruising through uncertainty: Cell phones and the politics of display and disguise in Inhambane, Mozambique
Authors: ARCHAMBAULT JULIE SOLEIL 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCell phones play a conspicuous role in the way young people in Inhambane, Mozambique, juggle visibility and invisibility in their everyday lives. By opening up new social spaces within which individuals can engage in various pursuits with some degree of discretion, cell phone communication helps redress socioeconomic inequalities while preserving an unpleasant public secret about the workings of Mozambique's postwar economy: that young women are encouraged to exchange sexual favors for material gain. Drawing on the literature on secrecy and building on the local notion of “visão,” I propose an extended use of the idea of “social navigation” that captures concerns about appearances and the reproduction of wider epistemologies of ignorance.