bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness and safety of natural food and food-derived extract supplements for treating functional gastrointestinal disorders—current perspectives
Authors: Liu Tianxu , Asif Ismail Muhammad , Bai Chengmei , Huang Yutian , Li Bin , Wang Ling 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) were highly prevalent and involve gastrointestinal discomfort characterized by non-organic abnormalities in the morphology and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. According to the Rome IV criteria, irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia are the most common FGIDs. Complementary and alternative medicines are employed by increasing numbers of individuals around the world, and they include herbal and dietary supplements, acupuncture, and hypnosis. Of these, herbal and dietary supplements seem to have the greatest potential for relieving FGIDs, through multiple modes of action. However, despite the extensive application of natural extracts in alternative treatments for FGIDs, the safety and effectiveness of food and orally ingested food-derived extracts remain uncertain. Many randomized controlled trials have provided compelling evidence supporting their potential, as detailed in this review. The consumption of certain foods (eg, kiwifruit, mentha, ginger, etc) and food ingredients may contribute to the alleviation of symptoms associated with FGID,. However, it is crucial to emphasize that the short-term consumption of these components may not yield satisfactory efficacy. Physicians are advised to share both the benefits and potential risks of these alternative therapies with patients. Furthermore, larger randomized clinical trials with appropriate comparators are imperative.
Conference of the Parties (COP) 28 Takeaways at the Intersection of Health, Climate, and Food
Authors: Varyvoda Yevheniia 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The 28th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP 28) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change brought together 85 000 climate stakeholders to leverage solutions and accelerate climate actions in 4 key areas: energy transition; issue of funding and financing of climate actions; emphasis on nature, people’s lives, and livelihoods; and ensuring inclusivity for all. This commentary highlights insights at the intersection of health, climate, and food gained by the author from participating in COP 28 events. The objective is to inform policymakers, researchers, and practitioners on emerging opportunities to scale specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-based (SMART) climate actions that prioritize health and boost the resilience of food and public health systems.
Tumor microenvironment characteristics association with clinical outcome in patients with resected intestinal-type gastric cancer
Authors: Tian Chun-Fang , Jing Hai-Yan , Sinicrope Frank A , Wang Jin-Shen , Gao Bin-Bin , Sun Xiao-Gang , Yao Zhi-Gang , Li Le-Ping , Saberzadeh-Ardestani Bahar , Song Wei , Sha Dan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics including tumor stroma ratio (TSR), tumor budding (TB), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were examined in resected gastric cancer. These TME features have been shown to indicate metastatic potential in colon cancer, and intestinal-type gastric cancer (IGC) has pathological similarities with that malignancy.

Methods
TSR, TB, and TILs were quantified in routine histological sections from 493 patients with IGC who underwent radical resection at 2 university hospitals in China from 2010 to 2016. TME variables were dichotomized as follows: TSR (50%), TILs (median), TB per international guidelines (4 buds/0.785mm2), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) per survival ROC. Association of TME features with patient clinicopathological characteristics, time-to-recurrence (TTR), and cancer-specific-survival (CSS) were examined using univariate and multivariate analysis, including a relative contribution analysis by Cox regression.

Results
Patients whose tumors showed high TSR or high TB or low TILs were each significantly associated with increased T and N stage, higher histological grade, and poorer TTR and CSS at 5 years. Only TSR and N stage were independently associated with TTR and CSS after adjustment for covariates. PLR was only independently associated with TTR after adjustment for covariates. Among the variables examined, only TSR was significantly associated with both TTR (HR 1.72, 95% CI, 1.14-2.60, P = .01) and CSS (HR 1.62, 95% CI, 1.05-2.51, P = .03) multivariately. Relative contribution to TTR revealed that the top 3 contributors were N stage (45.1%), TSR (22.5%), and PLR (12.9%), while the top 3 contributors to CSS were N stage (59.9%), TSR (14.7%), and PLR (10.9%).

Conclusions
Among the examined TME features, TSR was the most robust for prognostication and was significantly associated with both TTR and CSS. Furthermore, the relative contribution of TSR to patient TTR and CSS was second only to nodal status.
Prognostic significance of postoperative serological incomplete conversion of AFP and PIVKA-II after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter analysis of 1755 patients
Authors: Wang Mingda , Qian Guojun , Xiao Hongmei , Liu Xingkai , Sun Liyang , Chen Zhong , Lin Kongying , Yao Lanqing , Li Chao , Gu Lihui , Xu Jiahao , Sun Xiaodong , Qiu Wei , Pawlik Timothy M , Yee Lau Wan , Lv Guoyue , Shen Feng , Yang Tian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The value of serum biomarkers, particularly alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II), gains increasing attention in prognostic evaluation and recurrence monitoring for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study investigated the implications of serological incomplete conversion (SIC) of these 2 biomarkers as prognostic indicators for long-term outcomes after HCC resection.

Methods
A multicenter observational study was conducted on a cohort of HCC patients presenting with AFP (&gt;20 ng/mL) or PIVKA-II (&gt;40 mAU/mL) positivity who underwent curative-intent resection. Based on their postoperative AFP and PIVKA-II levels at first postoperative follow-up (4~8 weeks after surgery), these patients were stratified into the serological incomplete conversion (SIC) and serological complete conversion (SCC) groups. The study endpoints were recurrence and overall survival (OS).

Results
Among 1755 patients, 379 and 1376 were categorized as having SIC and SCC, respectively. The SIC group exhibited 1- and 5-year OS rates of 67.5% and 26.3%, with the corresponding recurrence rates of 53.2% and 79.0%, respectively; while the SCC group displayed 1- and 5-year OS rates of 95.8% and 62.5%, with the corresponding recurrence rates of 16.8% and 48.8%, respectively (both P &lt; .001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that postoperative SIC was an independent risk factor for both increased recurrence (HR: 2.40, 95% CI, 2.04-2.81, P &lt; .001) and decreased OS (HR: 2.69, 95% CI, 2.24-3.24, P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The results emphasize that postoperative incomplete conversion of either AFP or PIVKA-II is a significant prognostic marker, indicating a higher risk for adverse oncologic outcomes following HCC resection. This revelation has crucial implications for refining postoperative adjuvant therapy and surveillance strategies for HCC patients.
Quality of life in women with early-stage and metastatic hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy
Authors: O’Reilly David , Farooq Abdul Rehman , Nevins Selvadurai Paul , Sheehan Laura , Molan Karen , Krishnanivas Bindu , Mullen Valerie , McMahon David , Hadi Danial , Ahmed Ahmed , Jennings Maeve , Carroll Hailey , Chew Sonya , Macanovic Bojan , O’Hanlon Brown Ciara , Noonan Sinéad A , O Reilly Seamus , Connolly Roisin M , Cahir Caitriona , Kelly Catherine M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Early discontinuation of endocrine therapy (ET) is higher among patients with early breast cancer (EBC) compared to patients with metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (MBC). In our clinical experience the reasons for this may include a significant burden of ET side effects impacting quality of life (QOL) in patients with EBC. We hypothesized that QOL is lower in patients with HR + EBC compared to patients with HR + MBC on ET.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional observational study to assess QOL utilizing FACT-ES & EORTC QLQ C30 tools among patients with EBC and MBC receiving ET across 5 Irish hospitals.

Results
A total of 417 patients were enrolled—EBC (79% n = 331) and MBC 21% (n = 86). Using the FACT-ES, we found no difference in overall QOL by stage (139.2 vs 141, P  = .33). Patients with HR + MBC had a lower symptom burden from ET compared to HR + EBC (61.4 vs 54, P &lt; .01). In adjusted multivariate linear regression models, there was no difference in QOL for patients with EBC and MBC receiving ET.

Conclusions
There was no significant difference in overall QOL for patients with EBC and MBC. However, patients with EBC experienced more endocrine symptoms. In adjusted multivariate linear regression models, the stage did not predict QOL. Our results suggest that endocrine symptoms are significant contributors to impaired QOL for patients with EBC but the role of other determinants of QOL (eg, stage) is less clear. Future work could include the development of stage-specific QOL tools and utilization of electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) to identify and manage emergent toxicities.
Astrocytic GPCR signaling in the anterior cingulate cortex modulates decision making in rats
Authors: Akter Mastura , Fu Zhongqi , Zheng Xianlin , Iqbal Zafar , Zhang Na , Karim Anwarul , Li Ying 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Decision making is a process of selecting a course of action by assessing the worth or value of the potential consequences. Rat Gambling Task (RGT) is a well-established behavioral paradigm that allows for assessment of the decision-making performance of rats. Astrocytes are emerging as key players in modulating cognitive functions. Using repeated RGTs with short intersession time intervals (48 h), the current study demonstrates that Gi pathway activation of astrocytes in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) leads to impaired decision-making in consistently good decision-making rats. On the other hand, ACC astrocytic Gq pathway activation improves decision-making in a subset of rats who are not consistently good decision-makers. Furthermore, we show that astrocytic Gq activation is associated with an increase in the L-lactate level in the extracellular fluid of the ACC. Together, these results expand our knowledge of the role of astrocytic GPCR signaling in modulating cognitive functions.
‘The system is engineered to do this’: Multilevel Disempowerment and Climate Injustice in Regulating Colorado’s Oil and Gas Development
Authors: Ryder Stacia , Malin Stephanie A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Continuing to emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) moves our planet closer to crossing critical tipping points, making ongoing development of fossil fuels an act of climate injustice. Yet, the United States has doubled down on unconventional oil and gas (UOG), becoming the top global producer of hydrocarbons. Significant segments of the public resist UOG drilling, mobilizing to limit or stop production due to intersecting climate, environmental, and public health concerns. However, regulatory conflicts complicate the power of public resistance and problematize the role of the state in facilitating industry. UOG production has rapidly expanded with little capacity for public participation in decision-making. We contend this is a climate injustice—where procedural injustices across levels of governance make it difficult for the public to prevent fossil fuel extraction. We examine these injustices across state legislative, judicial, and executive governance processes in Colorado where residents have actively resisted UOG production. We demonstrate how the public consistently faces procedural inequities and power disadvantages across multiple sites and levels of decision-making, resulting in multilevel disempowerment. In this high-stakes context, our policy ethnography illustrates how these multilevel procedural injustices can facilitate rapid expansion of UOG production, where state-sanctioned activities also constitute broader acts of climate violence and injustice.
Identification of weight loss interventions for translation among endometrial cancer survivors: A RE-AIM analysis
Authors: Harden Samantha M , Brow Katie , Zoellner Jamie , Armbruster Shannon D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Interventions for obesity-related cancers that combine nutrition and physical activity for weight loss exist; however, their application to survivors of endometrial cancer is unknown. Furthermore, little is known about pre-implementation perceptions of existing programs from a variety of interested persons (physicians, researchers) who may be part of the implementation team. Adapting an existing intervention rather than developing a new intervention may speed the translational lag time as long as intervention characteristics and fit within the delivery system are considered during the planning phase. To describe the process of determining the core elements of obesity-related interventions for cancer survivors and determine which one might be best delivered by an urban healthcare system that predominantly serves individuals who live in rural areas of Virginia and West Virginia. A pragmatic review of the literature was conducted via PubMed and Google Scholar with broad search terms of cancer survivor AND weight loss AND health intervention. Identified interventions were scored related to the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model—which is an extension of RE-AIM framework to guide the understanding of who, what, where, when, and how the intervention was conducted. Intervention characteristics are reported. In addition, ratings from three independent reviewers on the validated 5-point Likert scale of an intervention’s acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility in the intended delivery system were collected and summarized. Twelve interventions were identified with an average sample size of 241(±195) and a range of 48–683 participants. Target populations included survivors of colorectal, breast, and endometrial cancers as well as general cancer survivors and included both men and women or only women. Most participants (74%) identified as white/Caucasian and average age ranged from 47.1 to 65.9 years. Program duration ranged from 4 weeks to 18 months, with an average duration of 32 weeks. Intervention dosage ranged from three times a week to once a month. Intervention acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility had average and standard deviation ratings of 3.52(±0.46), 3.41(±0.45), and 3.21(±0.46), respectively, out of 5. The four interventions with the highest combined acceptable, appropriate, and feasible scores are being considered for potential use as an obesity-related intervention for survivors of endometrial cancer. Future work is needed to determine relevant adaptations and efficacy among survivors of endometrial cancer with obesity. Our approach may be beneficial for other interventionists aiming to speed intervention development and implementation.
Evolution of DS-1-like G8P[8] rotavirus A strains from Vietnamese children with acute gastroenteritis (2014–21): Adaptation and loss of animal rotavirus-derived genes during human-to-human spread
Authors: Hoa-Tran Thi Nguyen , Nakagomi Toyoko , Vu Hung Manh , Nguyen Trang Thu Thi , Dao Anh Thi Hai , Nguyen Anh The , Bines Julie E , Thomas Sarah , Grabovac Varja , Kataoka-Nakamura Chikako , Taichiro Takemura , Hasebe Futoshi , Kodama Toshio , Kaneko Miho , Dang Huyen Thi Thanh , Duong Hong Thi , Anh Dang Duc , Nakagomi Osamu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Animal rotaviruses A (RVAs) are considered the source of emerging, novel RVA strains that have the potential to cause global spread in humans. A case in point was the emergence of G8 bovine RVA consisting of the P[8] VP4 gene and the DS-1-like backbone genes that appeared to have jumped into humans recently. However, it was not well documented what evolutionary changes occurred on the animal RVA-derived genes during circulation in humans. Rotavirus surveillance in Vietnam found that DS-1-like G8P[8] strains emerged in 2014, circulated in two prevalent waves, and disappeared in 2021. This surveillance provided us with a unique opportunity to investigate the whole process of evolutionary changes, which occurred in an animal RVA that had jumped the host species barrier. Of the 843 G8P[8] samples collected from children with acute diarrhoea in Vietnam between 2014 and 2021, fifty-eight strains were selected based on their distinctive electropherotypes of the genomic RNA identified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Whole-genome sequence analysis of those fifty-eight strains showed that the strains dominant during the first wave of prevalence (2014–17) carried animal RVA-derived VP1, NSP2, and NSP4 genes. However, the strains from the second wave of prevalence (2018–21) lost these genes, which were replaced with cognate human RVA-derived genes, thus creating strain with G8P[8] on a fully DS-1-like human RVA gene backbone. The G8 VP7 and P[8] VP4 genes underwent some point mutations but the phylogenetic lineages to which they belonged remained unchanged. We, therefore, propose a hypothesis regarding the tendency for the animal RVA-derived genes to be expelled from the backbone genes of the progeny strains after crossing the host species barrier. This study underlines the importance of long-term surveillance of circulating wild-type strains in order to better understand the adaptation process and the fate of newly emerging, animal-derived RVA among the human population. Further studies are warranted to disclose the molecular mechanisms by which spillover animal RVAs become readily transmissible among humans, and the roles played by the expulsion of animal-derived genes and herd immunity formed in the local population.
Night‐restricted feeding improves colonic barrier function and reduces inflammation by optimizing gut microbial composition in growing pigs during the hot season
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yao Chun‐Yan , Wang Qiang‐Jun , Shan Chun‐Hua , Zhang Ke‐Hao , Guo Yao , Li Qin , Liu Zhong‐Ying , Liu Peng , Geng Shi‐Xia , Hu Yu‐Pei , Huang Jie , Yao Fu‐Sheng , Lu Jin‐Lun , Wu Zhong‐Hong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCircadian rhythm disruptions and heat stress can cause gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal barrier damage, increasing the risk of inflammatory bowel disease. However, whether eating according to the circadian rhythm during the day when the ambient temperature is higher or eating against the circadian rhythm at night when the ambient temperature is relatively suitable, is better for the gut health of diurnal animals in summer has not been clarified. In this study, growing pigs were randomly assigned to a daytime‐restricted feeding or nighttime‐restricted feeding (NRF) group and raised for 18 days in summer with mild heat stress. Our results showed that NRF alleviated heat stress in pigs, as reflected by increased feed intake and decreased drinking. Microbiome analysis revealed that NRF increased the diversity of gut microbiota and abundance of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs)‐producing bacteria and decreased the abundance of gram‐negative and potentially pathogenic bacteria, thereby increasing SCFAs and reducing lipopolysaccharide production in the colon. These changes enhanced colonic barrier function and reduced colitis and systemic inflammation by upregulating tight junction proteins and mucin. Our findings indicate that although nighttime eating does not align with the biological habits of pigs, consuming food at a relatively suitable ambient temperature is more beneficial for gut health and homeostasis during hot seasons. Our research provides a reference for guiding the healthy feeding of farm animals in summer and a basis for developing a lifestyle that promotes gut health for individuals in tropical regions.
NF2 regulates IP3R‐mediated Ca2+ signal and apoptosis in meningiomas
Authors: Lei Zhaoying , Niu Jie , Cai Huajian , Kong Zhengyi , Ding Xue , Dong Yufei , Zhang Dong , Li Xu , Shao Jianzhong , Lin Aifu , Zhou Ruhong , Yang Shuxu , Yan Qingfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors and account for nearly 30% of all nervous system tumors. Approximately half of meningioma patients exhibit neurofibromin 2 (NF2) gene inactivation. Here, NF2 was shown to interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium (Ca2+) channel inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1) in IOMM‐Lee, a high‐grade malignant meningioma cell line, and the F1 subdomain of NF2 plays a critical role in this interaction. Functional assays indicated that NF2 promotes the phosphorylation of IP3R (Ser 1756) and IP3R‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release by binding to IP3R1, which results in Ca2+‐dependent apoptosis. Knockout of NF2 decreased Ca2+ release and promoted resistance to apoptosis, which was rescued by wild‐type NF2 overexpression but not by F1 subdomain deletion truncation overexpression. The effects of NF2 defects on the development of tumors were further studied in mouse models. The decreased expression level of NF2 caused by NF2 gene knockout or mutation affects the activity of the IP3R channel, which reduces Ca2+‐dependent apoptosis, thereby promoting the development of tumors. We elucidated the interaction patterns of NF2 and IP3R1, revealed the molecular mechanism through which NF2 regulates IP3R1‐mediated Ca2+ release, and elucidated the new pathogenic mechanism of meningioma‐related NF2 variants. Our study broadens the current understanding of the biological function of NF2 and provides ideas for drug screening of NF2‐associated meningioma.
Nonpharmacological Interventions to Mitigate Procedural Pain in the NICU
Authors: Sutton Rana , Lemermeyer Gillian 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Small infants experience a myriad of stimuli while in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), with many being painful or stressful experiences, although medically necessary.

Purpose:
To determine what is known about nonpharmacological developmental care interventions used in the NICU to mitigate procedural pain of infants born under 32 weeks gestation.

Search/Strategy:
Five electronic databases were searched: Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were as follows: experimental and nonexperimental studies from all publication years with infants born at less than 32 weeks gestational age; peer-reviewed research articles studying nonpharmacological interventions such as skin-to-skin care, facilitated tucking, nonnutritive sucking, hand hugs, and swaddling; and English language articles. Our search yielded 1435 articles. After the elimination of 736 duplicates, a further 570 were deemed irrelevant based on their abstract/titles. Then, 124 full-text articles were analyzed with our inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Findings:
Twenty-seven studies were reviewed. Sucrose, facilitated tucking, pacifier, skin-to-skin care, and human milk appeared to lessen pain experienced during heel sticks, suctioning, nasogastric tube insertions, and echocardiograms. All nonpharmacological interventions failed to prove efficacious to adequately manage pain during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) examinations.

Implications for Practice:
Evidence review demonstrates that healthcare practitioners should use nonpharmacological measures to help prevent pain from day-to-day procedures in the NICU including heel sticks, nasogastric tube insertions, suctioning, echocardiograms, and subcutaneous injections.

Implications for Research:
Future research is necessary to better understand and measure how pain is manifested by very small premature infants. Specific research on mitigating the pain of examinations for retinopathy of prematurity is also needed.