bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling of A Two Stages Electrostatic Air Precipitation Process using Response Surface Modeling
Authors: Berrached Djelloul , Tilmatine Amar , Miloua Farid , Bengrit Malika 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Any industrial process needs to work with the optimal operating conditions and thus the evaluation of their robustness is a critical issue. A modeling of a laboratory-scale wire-to-plane two stages electrostatic precipitator for guiding the identification of the set point, is presented this in paper. The procedure consists of formulating recommendations regarding the choice of optimal values for electrostatic precipitation. A two-stages laboratory precipitator was used to carry out the experiments, with samples of wood particles of average granulometric size 10 µm. The parameters considered in the present study are the negative applied high voltage of the ionization stage, the positive voltage of the collection stage and the air speed. First, three “one-factor-at-a-time” experiments were performed followed by a factorial composite design experiments, based on a two-step strategy: 1) identify the domain of variation of the variables; 2) set point identification and optimization of the process.
Evolution Time of Composed Stochastic Systems with Final Sequence of States and Independent Transitions
Authors: Lazari Alexandru 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper the composed stochastic systems with final sequence states and independent transitions are studied. The ordered and unordered sequential compositions and excludable and nonexcludable parallel compositions are analyzed. For these stochastic systems the problem of determining the main probabilistic characteristics of evolution time is considered. The elaborated algorithms are based on the properties of the homogeneous linear recurrences.
Some Algebraic Properties of Generalized Rings
Authors: Fatehi F. , Molaei M.R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper we show that the identity function e of a generalized ring R is a generalized ring homomorphism if e(x + y) = e(x) + e(y), for all x, y e R. Moreover, we show that if R is a generalized ring with an identity, then e is a generalized ring homomorphism. Properties of identities and identity mappings of generalized rings are considered. A method for constructing a new generalized ring with an identity via a given quotient generalized ring with an identity, is presented. Second isomorphism theorem and third isomorphism theorem for M-rings are proved.
Social Tourism Support in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kouřilová Jana , Kratochvílová Lucie 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Social tourism is a form of tourism that takes into account the participation of physically or socially handicapped individuals, and at the same time the social tourism activities are in accordance with the environmental sustain-ability of the territory. in the czech republic the social tourism has been supported at the national level since 2010 by the National tourism support Programme. this paper is aimed at the evaluation of social tourism support in the czech republic in the period of 2010-2012. The evaluation is performed by regions and target groups (families with children, young people under 26 years, seniors and the disabled). the other aim is to identify which model of social tourism was implemented in the czech republic during the period of 2010-2012.
Analysis of cross-ply laminated plates using
isogeometric analysis and unified formulation
Authors: Natarajan S. , Ferreira A.J.M. , Nguyen-Xuan Hung 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study the static bending and
free vibration of cross-ply laminated composite plates using
sinusoidal deformation theory. The plate kinematics
is based on the recently proposed Carrera Unified Formulation
(CUF), and the field variables are discretized
with the non-uniform rational B-splines within the framework
of isogeometric analysis (IGA). The proposed approach
allows the construction of higher-order smooth
functions with less computational effort.Moreover, within
the framework of IGA, the geometry is represented exactly
by the Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) and the
isoparametric concept is used to define the field variables.
On the other hand, the CUF allows for a systematic study
of two dimensional plate formulations. The combination
of the IGA with the CUF allows for a very accurate prediction
of the field variables. The static bending and free vibration
of thin and moderately thick laminated plates are
studied. The present approach also suffers fromshear locking
when lower order functions are employed and shear
locking is suppressed by introducing a modification factor.
The effectiveness of the formulation is demonstrated
through numerical examples.
The Police System Reform in Georgia (Informal Power its Forms, Types and Spheres of Influence)
Authors: Charkviani Tamar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
It is a widely accepted notion that the major change brought by the 2003 November revolution in Georgia was the reform of the public services. Two major tasks were to be achieved for the state institutions: to monopolize the use of legitimate power on the state territory and to start providing services to the citizens. Police reform was at the heart of both these objectives. The major obstacle identified on the way of this reform was corruption. Indeed it was widely known that posts in police forces were to be purchased; policemen were involved in organized crime, extortion, and other illegal pursuits. But the corruption itself was the effect of the broader system in which patrimonial system of not distinguishing between the public office and private sphere was hybridized with the legal-rational rule, having its origin in the Soviet Union. The main subject of our research is to analyze the model of informal power network in Georgian police, to describe its configurations and identify its social actors.
For the theoretical approach in our study we will use different theories describing informal institutes and the reasons of their existence. One of the main theoretical sources for our analysis will be the theoretical concept of Helmke and Levitsky. Helmke and Levitsky are describing four types of informal institutions which we plan to apply to Georgian police system and identify which of them is more relevant for Georgian reality. Also we will refer to such theories as: Mark Granoveter's strength of week ties and social “embeddedness” of economic action; Mars and Altman's Cultural Basis of Soviet Georgia; Ledeneva's theory of “Blat”, which is one of most popular analytical theory about informal relations in post-Soviet countries.
The main methods we have used are in-depth and narrative interviews. The interviews have been conducted with policemen currently working in different police departments, policemen no more working in this structure, expert and NGO representatives.
From life to death: microRNAs in the fine tuning of the heart
Authors: Nath Sayantan , Rizvi S I , Kumar Munish 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe heart is one of the most important vital organs, and any malfunctioning of the heart and its blood vessels may contribute to cardiovascular disorders. Diseases of the cardiovascular system represent the most common cause of human morbidity and mortality around the globe. Thus, there is always a need for innovative new therapies and diagnostics for cardiovascular disorders. In the past decades, a plethora of tiny, endogenous, singlestranded RNA sequences called microRNAs (miRNAs) has been studied meticulously in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology, providing a new dimension to the heart’s biology. miRNAs posttranscriptional inhibit the gene expression of specific mRNA targets through Watson– Crick base pairing between the miRNA “seed region” and the 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of target mRNAs. Better recognized as “master switches”, miRNAs are emerging as vital regulators of mammalian cardiovascular development and disease and thus are helpful in understanding therapeutic targets and diagnostics for a variety of cardiovascular disorders. In this review, a detailed discussion of the roles of various microRNAs in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology with potential therapeutics is considered.
Interpersonal Communication in Medical Profession on the Example of Physiotherapists
Authors: Matyja Anna , Stój Karina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction. The article introduces the reader into the problem area, based on interpersonal relationships between physiotherapists and patients.

Aim. The aim of the study is to learn the factors determining the quality of physiotherapeutic services. The research was carried out in relation to verbal and non-verbal aspects of contact between physiotherapists and patients.

Material and method. The method used in the study was a quantitative survey based on a questionnaire.

Results. Ninety-six percent of respondents state that they have no problems with making interpersonal contact with patients. Fifty-three percent of them show interest in patients during the dialogue and the remaining group only initiates the contact and limits it to personal creativity. The research shows that the gender of the respondents does not significantly affect the ways of showing interest in patients. However, the length of service differentiates their approach to patients as well as the age of the patients themselves.

Discussion. Communication in a profession of physiotherapist refers to the personal preferences and interpersonal skills of the respondents, which can be determined by a specific style of their work. In addition, significantly it is determined by the level of education of future physical therapists, which was mentioned not only by the people in this study, but also in the studies cited in the literature included in the discussion.

Conclusions.The quality of physiotherapy services is determined not only by instrumental preparation of a physiotherapist but also by expression that results from the interpersonal contact. Physiotherapists are aware of building relationships during the first contact. Therefore, they try to make a positive impression. In such way, the quality of treatment can be increased.
Methods for Molecular Surveillance of Influenza Used in Macedonia
Authors: Bosevska Golubinka , Janceska Elizabeta , Kuzmanovska Gordana , Mikik Vladimir , Panovski Nikola 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

The aim: To present and compare different Nucleic Acid Testing assays used for laboratory diagnosis of influenza virus infection in our country.

Materials and methods: Respiratory samples used were nose and throat swabs. The RNA extraction was performed with a QIAamp viral RNA kit. During the season 2009–2010 the first 25 samples were tested with: conventional gel-based RT-PCR and CDC rtRT-PCR using published specific matrix and HA gene primers and probes for influenza virus typing and subtyping.

Results: Of 25 samples tested with conventional RT-PCR 7(28%) were positive for influenza A, but negative for A/H1seasonal and A/H3. Retested with rtRT-PCR 9(36%) were positive for influenza A, 8(32%) were positive for A/H1pdm and 1(4%) was A/H3. Two samples positive with rtRT-PCR for influenza A were negative with RT-PCR. The sensitivity of the RT-PCR in comparison with rtRT-PCR is 100% and the specificity is 88.89%. Positive predictive value for RT-PCR is 77.78%, and negative predictive value is 100%. RT-PCR is a four-step and rtRT-PCR a one-step procedure. The turn-around time of RT-PCR is 6 hours and for rtRT-PCR it is 2 hours.

Discussion and conclusion: For surveillance purposes nose and throat swabs are the more easy and practical to collect. It was proved that RT-PCR is too laborious, multi-step and time-consuming. The sensitivity of both assays is equal. The specificity of rtRT-PCR is higher. NAT assays for detection of influenza viruses have become an integral component of the surveillance programme in our country. They provide a fast, accurate and sensitive detection of influenza.
Symptomatic Epileptogenic Lesions
Authors: Chepreganova-Changovska Tatjana , Petrovska-Cvetkovska Dragana , Srceva-Jovanovski Marija , Filipce Venko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background and objectives: The main aim of this study is to prove the association of seizure types with the MRI findings of the brain (etiological factor). Also, to prove which type of lesion is mostly represented in which age-group, and with which type of seizure.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with symptomatic epilepsy, aged from 16 to 80 years, were hospitalized at the Neurology Clinic or in its Outpatient Unit, in the period from 2009 to 2012. They were neurologically examined and the seizure type registered. All patients underwent MRI of the brain.

Results: (56%) men and 44 (44%) women were examined. The represented type of epileptic seizures were 41.0% with SPC + CPC, followed by 15.0% GTCC, and 14.0% CPC with secondary generalization, 12,0% CPC, 10,0% SPC and 8.0% with absences. The epileptic lesions of 25.0% were hippocampal sclerosis, 20.0% post-traumatic injuries, 19.0%, post-vascular and brain tumours, and the lowest percentage of 17.0% with post-infectious lesions.

Conclusions: Post-traumatic lesions occur more frequently in the elderly population with the accent on the male, while hippocampal sclerosis occurs in the adolescent and younger population with higher frequency in the female.
Depression in Ophthalmological Patients
Authors: Pop-Jordanova Nada , Ristova Jovanka , Loleska Sofija 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction: Vision is the most important sensorial part of the human information system. Visual loss leads to reduced ability to perform routine activities of daily living and can be a risk for stable mental health.

Aim: The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the incidence of depression in patients treated in an ophthalmological outpatient clinic. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind in our country.

Subjects and method: The number of evaluated patients was a hundred; mean age 41.6 ± 15.9 years, with different educational levels and common ophthalmological disorders. For the assessment of the level of depression the Beck Depression Inventory was used. Patients were divided into two groups: serious ophthalmological diagnoses where we expected psychological problems (N = 65) and the simplest ones (N = 35) as a control.

Results: Obtained results show that the levels of depression correlate with the diagnoses. Patients in the first group (serious ophthalmological diagnoses) showed moderate depression in 12% and severe in 13% of patients. It was shown that the most depressed were the patients suffering from age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, as well as glaucoma and cataract. The second group showed BDI scores of normal values. The level of depression is positively correlated with age and the level of education (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Depression is an important mental problem in ophthalmological practice. It is usually unrecognized and untreated. Depression could be the risk factor for treatment and prognosis of eyes diseases. Some measures for mitigation of psychological problems are proposed.
Continuous Versus Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia for Labour Analgesia and Their Effects on Maternal Motor Function and Ambulation
Authors: Lovach-Chepujnoska Margarita , Nojkov Jordan , Joshevska-Jovanovska Slagjana , Domazetov Robert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background and objectives: The advantages of patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for delivery compared with continuous epidural analgesia (CEA) have been a point of interest in research obstetric anaesthesia for more than two decades.
The aim of this single blind randomized controlled study was to evaluate the incidence of motor block and ability to perform partial knee flexion in women who received CEA or PCEA.

Method: Fifty-one healthy nulliparous women were included in this study. After an initial dose and established sensory block at Th 10, parturients were randomized into two groups: group CEA (10 ml/h), and group PCEA (bolus − 5 ml, lockout interval − 15 minutes, basal rate − 0 ml) with bupiva-caine 0.08% and fentanyl 2 μg/ml. The motor function of the lower limbs was evaluated by modified Bromage scale at regular hourly intervals until full cervical dilatation. The quality of analgesia was assessed using a visual analogue pain scale (VAPS) and maternal satisfaction. Mode of delivery, the total number of additional rescue boluses, foetal and neonatal outcomes were recorded.

Results: Motor block was significantly lower in the third (33.3% vs. 4.35%; p = 0.008), fourth (57.9% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.003) and fifth hour (75.0% vs. 18.2%; p = 0.001) in the PCEA group. Ambu-lation occurred in 18% in the CEA and 46% in the PCEA group (p = 0.036). VAPS was with borderline significance in the second (p = 0.076) and significantly lower in the fourth hour (p = 0.034).

Conclusion: Compared with CEA, PCEA provided less motor block and better first-stage analgesia, which leads to the conclusion that patient-controlled analgesia techniques are the preferred model in obstetric anesthesia.
Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block as Postoperative Analgesia in Patients with Hip Fracture
Authors: Temelkovska-Stevanovska Marina , Durnev Vesna , Jovanovski-Srceva Marija , Mojsova-Mijovska Maja , Trpeski Sime 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction: Systemic postoperative analgesia is inefficient in most patients with hip fracture, which is the reason for pain, especially during leg movement. Peripheral and plexus nerve blocks are an efficient option for postoperative pain relief.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect and duration of continuous FNB versus a single FIC block as a postoperative analgesia in patients with hip fracture.

Methods: Sixty patients with hip fracture were included and were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 patients: FNB group – patients with continuous femoral nerve block; and FIC group –patients with a single fascia iliaca compartment block. In all patients, pain intensity was measured at rest and in passive leg movement by using VDS (0–4) at several intervals: 1, 2, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after intervention. The amount of supplemental analgesia was measured, together with the time when the patient needed it for the first time, as well as the side effects.

Results: The values of VDS were significantly lower in patients with FNB block versus patients with FIC block in rest and movement at the 24-hour intervals (46.67% vs 0% felt moderate pain), after 36 hours (43.33% vs 0% felt moderate pain) and 48 hours after intervention (46.67% vs 3.33% felt moderate to severe pain) for p < 0.05. Patients with FNB block received a significantly lower amount of supplemental analgesia, 23.3% of the FNB group vs 50% of the FIC group (p < 0.05). Registered side effects were were nausea, dizziness and sedation, and they were statistically significantly more frequent in the FIC group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Pain relief in the postoperative period was superior in the FNB group versus the FIC group at rest and in movement in patients with hip fracture.
Effect of Lipid Parameters on Foetal Growth In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancies
Authors: Simeonova-Krstevska Slagjana , Krstevska Brankica , Velkoska-Nakova Valentina , Lega Marija Hadji , Samardjiski Igor , Serafimoski Vladimir , Livrinova Vesna , Todorovska Irena , Sima Aneta 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) often deliver newborns large for their gestational age (LGA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lipid parameters in the second half of pregnancy on foetal growth in GDM pregnancies.

Material and methods: In two hundred consecutive women with GDM the age, body mass index before pregnancy, body mass index before delivery, gestational week of GDM diagnosis, lipid parameters after 24 weeks of pregnancy, fasting glycaemia, HbA1c in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, and baby birth weight were analyzed.

Results: Of the 200 GDM pregnancies, 50 (25%) women delivered LGA newborns, 135 (67.5%) women delivered newborns appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and 15 (7.5%) women delivered newborns small for gestational age (SGA). Maternal triglyceride levels and HbA1c in the second trimester were higher, and HDL-C was significantly lower, in the LGA group than in the AGA group (3.8 ± 1.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 mmol/L, 6.1 ± 1.1 vs. 5.5 ± 0.8%, and 1.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Also, maternal triglyceride levels and HbA1c in the second trimester were significantly higher in the SGA group than in the AGA group (3.8 ± 1.9 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 mmol/L and 6.8 ± 0.8 vs. 5.5 ± 0.8%, p < 0.05). Maternal triglycerides were independent predictors for delivering LGA newborns in GDM women.

Conclusion: In GDM pregnancies, maternal triglycerides in the second half of pregnancy may indentify women who will deliver LGA newborns. Thus, with good regulation of lipid profile, we can avoid macrosomia from GDM pregnancies.
Anthropometric Parameters in National Footballers in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Pluncevic-Gligoroska Jasmina , Todorovska Lidija , Dejanova Beti , Maleska Vesela , Mancevska Sanja , Nikolic Slobodan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objectives: The focus of this study is on anthropometric characteristics of footballers in the Republic of Macedonia, and the aim is to provide normative data for selected anthropometric parameters for adult male footballers in our country.

Material and method: The study included eight hundred (800) adult male footballers, aged 24.06 ± 4.8y (age range 18–35y), who have undertaken routine sport medical examinations over a ten-year period. The football players were divided into six age – specific subgroups (“up to 20”; “up to 22”; “up to 24”; “up to 26”; “up to 28” and “over 28” years). Anthropometric measurements were made by Matiegka's protocols and body composition components were determined.

Results: Average values of body height (178.8 ± 6.7 cm), body weight (77.72 ± 7.9 kg), lean body mass (66.21 ± 6.36 kg), body components (MM% = 53.04; BM% = 17.15; FM% = 14.7%) and a large series of anthropometric measurements which define the footballers' anthropometric dimensions were obtained. The distribution of the adipose tissue regarding the body and limbs showed that the skinfolds were thickest on the lower limbs and thinnest on the arms.

Conclusions: The adult football players in Republic of Macedonia were insignificantly variable in height and body mass from their counter parts from European and American teams. The football players up to 20 year, who played in the senior national football league were lighter and smaller than their older colleagues. The football players aged from 20 to 35 years were insignificantly variable in height, body mass, and anthropometric dimensions of limbs and trunk.