bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation regulation gets its ‘omics’ moment
Authors: Kuersten Scott , Radek Agnes , Vogel Christine , Penalva Luiz O. F. 
Published: May 2013

The fate of cellular RNA is largely determined by complex networks of protein–RNA interactions through ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Despite their relatively short half‐life, transcripts associate with many different proteins that process, modify, translate, and degrade the RNA. Following biogenesis some mRNPs are immediately directed to translation and produce proteins, but many are diverted and regulated by processes including miRNA‐mediated mechanisms, transport and localization, as well as turnover. Because of this complex interplay estimates of steady‐state expression by methods such as RNAseq alone cannot capture critical aspects of cellular fate, environmental response, tumorigenesis, or gene expression regulation. More selective and integrative tools are needed to measure protein–RNA complexes and the regulatory processes involved. One focus area is measurements of the transcriptome associated with ribosomes and translation. These so‐called polysome or ribosome profiling techniques can evaluate translation efficiency as well as the interplay between translation initiation, elongation, and termination—subject areas not well understood at a systems biology level. Ribosome profiling is a highly promising technique that provides mRNA positional information of ribosome occupancy, potentially bridging the gap between gene expression (i.e., RNAseq and microarray analysis) and protein quantification (i.e., mass spectrometry). In combination with methods such as RNA immunoprecipitation, miRNA profiling, or proteomics, we obtain a fresh view of global post‐transcriptional and translational gene regulation. In addition, these techniques also provide new insight into new regulatory elements, such as alternative open reading frames, and translation regulation under different conditions. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:617–630. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1173This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
A First‐Principles Study of Electronic Structure of the Laves Phase MgZn2
Authors: Andrae Dirk , Paulus Beate , Wedig Ulrich , Jansen Martin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe electronic structure of the intermetallic compound MgZn2, a prototypical Laves phase, was investigated by first‐principles calculations based on Kohn‐Sham density‐functional theory. A variety of six exchange‐correlation energy density functionals, from local density approximation to hybrid functionals, was used to fully optimize the crystal structure. Cell parameters and mass density calculated with the density functional parameterization by Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) were found closest to their corresponding experimental values. The revised version of the functional, PBEsol, recommended for solid state applications, gave inferior results. The electronic structure was analysed in terms of band structure, density of states and electron density.
Effect of Diabetes on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Emergent Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Karamanos Efstathios , Sivrikoz Emre , Beale Elizabeth , Chan Linda , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of diabetes and its effect on surgical outcomes in patients undergoing emergent, in‐patient cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Some 8.3 % of the U.S. population has diabetes and this number is projected to rise to 21–33 % by 2050. Diabetes is considered to be associated with a higher incidence of acute cholecystitis; however, its impact on outcomes is unknown.MethodsThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried to identify all patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent emergent in‐patient cholecystectomy from 2004 to 2010. The study population was divided into two groups: diabetics and non‐diabetics. Diabetics were further subdivided into those taking oral medication and those on insulin. Demographics, co‐morbidities, and wound classification were compared with univariate analysis, and 30‐day outcomes were compared with univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 5,460 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these 770 (14.10 %) had a diagnosis of diabetes. Mortality was higher for diabetics than for non‐diabetics [4.4 vs 1.4 %, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) (95 % CI): 1.79 (1.09, 2.94), adj‐p = 0.022]. Preoperative perforation rates were 25.1 and 13.0 %, respectively [AOR (95 % CI): 1.34 (1.09, 1.65), adj‐p = 0.005]. The adjusted risk of cardiovascular events and renal failure was significantly higher for diabetics. Insulin treatment, but not oral medication, was associated with a significant increase in mortality, preoperative perforation, superficial surgical site infection, septic shock, cardiovascular incidents, and renal insufficiency.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis, diabetes increases the risk of mortality, cardiovascular events, and renal failure. Insulin‐treated diabetics have more co‐morbidities and poorer outcomes.
Enhanced succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes after genome shuffling
Authors: Zheng Pu , Zhang Kunkun , Yan Qiang , Xu Yan , Sun Zhihao 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Succinic acid is an important platform chemical for synthesis of C4 compounds. We applied genome shuffling to improve fermentative production of succinic acid by A. succinogenes. Using a screening strategy composed of selection in fermentation broth, cultured in 96-deep-well plates, and condensed HPLC screening, a starting population of 11 mutants producing a higher succinic acid concentration was selected and subjected to recursive protoplasts fusion. After three rounds of genome shuffling, strain F3-II-3-F was obtained, producing succinic acid at 1.99 g/l/h with a yield of 95.6 g/l. The genome shuffled strain had about a 73 % improvement in succinic acid production compared to the parent strain after 48 h in fed-batch fermentation. The genomic variability of F3-II-3-F was confirmed by amplified fragment-length polymorphism. The activity levels of key enzymes involved in end-product formation from glucose and metabolic flux distribution during succinic acid production were compared between A. succinogenes CGMCC 1593 and F3-II-3-F. Increased activity of glucokinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, PEP carboxykinase and fumarase, as well as decreased activity of pyruvate kinase, pyruvate formate-lyase, and acetate kinase explained the enhanced succinic acid production and decreased acetic acid formation. Metabolic flux analysis suggested that increased flux to NADH was the main reason for increased activity of the C4 pathway resulting in increased yields of succinic acid. The present work will be propitious to the development of a bio-succinic acid fermentation industry.
Brief report: Early adolescents' value development at war time
Authors: Daniel Ella , Fortuna Keren , Thrun Sophia K. , Cioban Shaylee , Knafo Ariel 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTValues are considered relatively stable individual characteristics, and there is little research to date on the conditions that underlie value‐priorities change. This small‐scale short‐term longitudinal study tested whether a major life event of war changes the priority that early adolescents assign to values. Thirty‐nine Israeli adolescents completed the Schwartz Values Survey on four occasions—at the beginning, middle, and end of the 2006 Israeli–Lebanese war during which their hometown was bombed. As hypothesized, anxiety‐based values of tradition, power, and security increased in importance, while conformity values decreased in importance. Anxiety‐free values of benevolence, universalism, self‐direction, stimulation, and hedonism decreased in importance. Achievement values decreased and then increased in importance. Despite methodological limitations, the findings demonstrate that value development, at least during early adolescence, can take place rather quickly under circumstances of major traumatic events such as war.
The metastasis‐associated molecule C4.4A promotes tissue invasion and anchorage independence by associating with the alpha6beta4 integrin
Authors: Thuma Florian , Ngora Honoré , Zöller Margot 
Published: May 2013

C4.4A is a metastasis‐associated molecule that functions appear to rely on associated alph6beta4 integrin. To corroborate the impact of the C4.4A‐alpha6beta4 integrin association on metastasis formation, C4.4A was knocked‐down in a highly metastatic rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma (ASML, ASML‐C4.4Akd).Metastasis formation by ASML‐C4.4Akd cells after intrafootpad application was strongly retarded in draining nodes and lung colonization was rare. Furthermore, cisplatin treatment significantly prolonged the survival time only of ASML‐C4.4Akd‐bearing rats. ASML‐C4.4Akd cells display reduced migratory activity and impaired matrix protein degradation due to inefficient MMP14 activation; loss of drug‐resistance is due to mitigated PI3K/Akt pathway activation. These losses of function rely on the laminin receptor C4.4A recruiting activated alpha6beta4 integrin into rafts, where C4.4A cooperates with alpha6beta4 and via alpha6beta4 with MMP14. Within this raft‐located complex, MMP14 provokes focalized matrix degradation and mostly alpha6beta4 integrin promotes BAD phosphorylation and upregulated Bcl2 and BclXl expression.Thus, metastasis‐promoting activities of C4.4A are not genuine characteristics of C4.4A. Instead, the raft‐located laminin receptor C4.4A recruits alpha6beta4 integrin and supports via the alpha6beta4 integrin MMP14 activation. Thereby C4.4A acts as a linker to facilitate several steps in the metastatic cascade. Taking the restricted C4.4A expression in non‐transformed tissue, this knowledge should pave the way toward the use of C4.4A as a therapeutic target.
Hydroxypropylation of high-amylose maize starch changes digestion and fermentation-dependent parameters in rats
Authors: Ebihara Kiyoshi , Tachibe Makoto , Kaneko Natsumi , Kishida Taro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIt was examined whether the physiological effects of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) are influenced by hydroxypropylation. Rats were fed one of the following three diets: an AIN-93-based diet with waxy maize starch (WMS) as a starch source, or this diet with 150 g of WMS replaced by either HAMS or hydroxypropylated HAMS (HP-HAMS). The activities of amylase in bile-pancreatic juice and sucrose, maltase and isomaltase of the jejunum and ileum were not affected by diet, but the digestibility of HAMS was decreased by hydroxypropylation. The amounts of SCFA in caecal content and H2excreted in the breath and flatus for HAMS were decreased by hydroxypropylation. Plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by diet. On the basis of PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles, the similarity in caecal bacteria population of the HP-HAMS group and HAMS group was low, but that of the HP-HAMS and WMS groups was high. The amount of caecal IgA was not affected by hydroxypropylation, but those in the HAMS and HP-HAMS groups were greater than that in the WMS group. Plasma and liver concentrations of TAG and cholesterol for HAMS were not affected by hydroxypropylation. These results show that the small intestinal digestibility and fermentation-dependent parameters such as caecal SCFA and H2productions and caecal bacterial profile of HAMS were affected by hydroxypropylation, but parameters of glucose metabolism such as GLP-1 and insulin, those of lipid metabolism such as plasma TAG and cholesterol and the amount of caecal IgA were not.
Curcuma oil ameliorates hyperlipidaemia and associated deleterious effects in golden Syrian hamsters
Authors: Singh Vishal , Jain Manish , Misra Ankita , Khanna Vivek , Rana Minakshi , Prakash Prem , Malasoni Richa , Dwivedi Anil Kumar , Dikshit Madhu , Barthwal Manoj Kumar 
Published: May 2013

Essential oil components from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) are documented for neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-thrombotic and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to investigate the disease-modifying potential of curcuma oil (C. oil), a lipophilic component from C. longa L., in hyperlipidaemic hamsters. Male golden Syrian hamsters were fed a chow or high-cholesterol (HC) and fat-rich diet with or without C. oil (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) for 28 d. In HC diet-fed hamsters, C. oil significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TAG, and increased HDL-cholesterol when compared with the HC group. Similar group comparisons showed that C. oil treatment reduced hepatic cholesterol and oxidative stress, and improved liver function. Hyperlipidaemia-induced platelet activation, vascular dysfunction and repressed eNOS mRNA expression were restored by the C. oil treatment. Furthermore, aortic cholesterol accumulation and CD68 expression were also reduced in the C. oil-treated group. The effect of C. oil at 300 mg/kg was comparable with the standard drug ezetimibe. Delving into the probable anti-hyperlipidaemic mechanism at the transcript level, the C. oil-treated groups fed the chow and HC diets were compared with the chow diet-fed group. The C. oil treatment significantly increased the hepatic expression of PPARα, LXRα, CYP7A1, ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8 and LPL accompanied by reduced SREBP-2 and HMGCR expression. C. oil also enhanced ABCA1, ABCG5 and ABCG8 expression and suppressed NPC1L1 expression in the jejunum. In the present study, C. oil demonstrated an anti-hyperlipidaemic effect and reduced lipid-induced oxidative stress, platelet activation and vascular dysfunction. The anti-hyperlipidaemic effect exhibited by C. oil seems to be mediated by the modulation of PPARα, LXRα and associated genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport.
Infections by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Jordanian equids: epidemiology and genetic diversity
Authors: QABLAN MONEEB A. , OBORNÍK MIROSLAV , PETRŽELKOVÁ KLÁRA J. , SLOBODA MICHAL , SHUDIEFAT MUSTAFA F. , HOŘÍN PETR , LUKEŠ JULIUS , MODRÝ DAVID 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYMicroscopic diagnosis of equine piroplasmoses, caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is hindered by low parasitaemia during the latent phase of the infections. However, this constraint can be overcome by the application of PCR followed by sequencing. Out of 288 animals examined, the piroplasmid DNA was detected in 78 (27·1%). Multiplex PCR indicated that T. equi (18·8%) was more prevalent than B. caballi (7·3%), while mixed infections were conspicuously absent. Sequences of 69 PCR amplicons obtained by the ‘catch-all’ PCR were in concordance with those amplified by the multiplex strategy. Computed minimal adequate model analyses for both equine piroplasmid species separately showed a significant effect of host species and age in the case of T. equi, while in the B. caballi infections only the correlation with host sex was significant. Phylogenetic analyses inferred the occurrence of three genotypes of T. equi and B. caballi. Moreover, a novel genotype C of B. caballi was identified. The dendrogram based on obtained sequences of T. equi revealed possible speciation events. The infections with T. equi and B. caballi are enzootic in all ecozones of Jordan and different genotypes circulate wherever dense horse population exists.
Attention and inhibition in children with ASD, ADHD and co-morbid ASD + ADHD: an event-related potential study
Authors: Tye C. , Asherson P. , Ashwood K. L. , Azadi B. , Bolton P. , McLoughlin G. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundSubstantial overlap has been reported between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Deficits in executive function (EF) are characteristic of both disorders but these impairments have not been compared directly across pure and co-morbid cases using event-related potentials (ERPs).MethodBehavioural parameters and ERPs were recorded during a flankered cued-continuous performance test (CPT-OX) administered to 8–13-year-old boys with ASD (n = 19), ADHD (n = 18), co-morbid ASD + ADHD (n = 29) and typically developing controls (TD;n = 26). Preparatory processing (contingent negative variation, CNV) and attentional orienting (Cue-P3) at cues, response execution at targets (Go-P3), inhibitory processing at non-targets (NoGo-P3) and conflict monitoring between target and non-target trials (Go-N2v.NoGo-N2) were examined.ResultsCategorical diagnoses and quantitative trait measures indicated that participants with ADHD (ADHD/ASD + ADHD) made more omission errors and exhibited increased reaction-time (RT) variability and reduced amplitude of the Cue-P3 and NoGo-P3 compared to TD/ASD participants. Participants with ASD (ASD/ ASD + ADHD) demonstrated reduced N2 enhancement from Go to NoGo trials compared to TD/ADHD participants. Participants with ASD-only displayed enhanced CNV amplitude compared to ASD + ADHD and TD participants.ConclusionsChildren with ADHD show deficits in attentional orienting and inhibitory control whereas children with ASD show abnormalities in conflict monitoring and response preparation. Children with co-morbid ASD + ADHD present as an additive co-occurrence with deficits of both disorders, although non-additive effects are suggested for response preparation. Measuring ERPs that index attention and inhibition is useful in disentangling cognitive markers of ASD and ADHD and elucidating the basis of co-occurring ASD + ADHD to guide clinical assessment.
Estimating the burden of pertussis in young children on hospitals and emergency departments: a study using linked routinely collected data
Authors: McCALLUM L. K. , LIU B. , McINTYRE P. , JORM L. R. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYPotential underestimation of the health system burden of pertussis was investigated by linking administrative datasets including pertussis notifications, hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) presentations for 1 304 876 children aged <15 years in NSW, Australia. From 2005 to 2008, 3006 children had a pertussis notification, 455 were hospitalized and 644 had an ED presentation with a coded diagnosis of pertussis. Linking hospital and ED records with pertussis notifications identified 140 hospitalizations and 735 ED presentations which occurred ±7 days from notification but did not have a diagnosis of pertussis recorded. These additional events were more likely to have a diagnosis of bronchiolitis, upper respiratory infection and cough compared to all other admissions and presentations. Including these additional events significantly increased the proportion of notified cases that were hospitalized or visited EDs, particularly for those aged 5 to <15 years. Linked administrative data allowed more comprehensive estimation of the health system burden of pertussis.
Duration of shedding of Verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coliin children and risk of transmission in childcare facilities in England
Authors: DABKE G. , LE MENACH A. , BLACK A. , GAMBLIN J. , PALMER M. , BOXALL N. , BOOTH L. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYExclusion of children with presumptive Verocytotoxin-producingEscherichia coli(VTEC) from childcare facilities until negative stool specimens are obtained is routine practice that disrupts families. We estimated the shedding and exclusion duration and transmission risk in such facilities. The study population comprised 225 children aged <6 years attending 201 childcare facilities in England with microbiologically confirmed VTEC in 2010–2011. We estimated the interval from onset to first negative specimen, and identified transmission events with secondary cases linked to facilities. The median duration of shedding was 31 days, and median period of exclusion was 39·5 days. Cases attending facilities while shedding VTEC did so for a median of 2 days before exclusion. Secondary cases occurred in 6/83 facilities (7%) attended by infectious cases. Despite evidence of VTEC shedding at facilities, transmission is relatively low. Revised control guidelines could consider supervised return for prolonged asymptomatic shedders.
Epidemiological and clinical features of HEV infection: a survey in the district of Foggia (Apulia, Southern Italy)
Authors: SCOTTO G. , MARTINELLI D. , CENTRA M. , QUERQUES M. , VITTORIO F. , CARRI P. DELLI , TARTAGLIA A. , CAMPANALE F. , BULLA F. , PRATO R. , FAZIO V. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYIn this study we assessed the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in both the Italian population and immigrants from developing countries in Foggia (Apulia, Southern Italy). The seroprevalence of HEV was determined in 1217 subjects [412 (34%) immigrants and 805 Italian subjects (blood donors, general population, HIV-positive, haemodialysis patients)]. Serum samples were tested for anti-HEV and confirmed by Western blot assay; in positive patients HEV RNA and genotype were also determined. There were 8·8% of patients that were positive to anti-HEV, confirmed by Western blot. The prevalence in immigrants was 19·7%, and in Italians 3·9% (blood donors 1·3%, general population 2·7%, HIV-positive patients 2·0%, haemodialysis patients 9·6%). Anti-HEV IgM was found in 38/107 (35·5%) of the anti-HEV-positive serum samples (34 immigrants, four Italians). This study indicates a higher circulation of HEV in immigrants and Italian haemodialysis patients, whereas a low prevalence of HEV antibodies was seen in the remaining Italian population.
COUNTING THE NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS TO THE ERDŐS–STRAUS EQUATION ON UNIT FRACTIONS
Authors: ELSHOLTZ CHRISTIAN , TAO TERENCE 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor any positive integer$n$, let$f(n)$denote the number of solutions to the Diophantine equation$$\begin{eqnarray*}\frac{4}{n} = \frac{1}{x} + \frac{1}{y} + \frac{1}{z}\end{eqnarray*}$$with$x, y, z$positive integers. TheErdős–Straus conjectureasserts that$f(n)\gt 0$for every$n\geq 2$. In this paper we obtain a number of upper and lower bounds for$f(n)$or$f(p)$for typical values of natural numbers$n$and primes$p$. For instance, we establish that$$\begin{eqnarray*}N\hspace{0.167em} {\mathop{\log }\nolimits }^{2} N\ll \displaystyle \sum _{p\leq N}f(p)\ll N\hspace{0.167em} {\mathop{\log }\nolimits }^{2} N\log \log N.\end{eqnarray*}$$These upper and lower bounds show that a typical prime has a small number of solutions to the Erdős–Straus Diophantine equation; small, when compared with other additive problems, like Waring’s problem.
THE ÉTALE GROUPOID OF AN INVERSE SEMIGROUP AS A GROUPOID OF FILTERS
Authors: LAWSON M. V. , MARGOLIS S. W. , STEINBERG B. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPaterson showed how to construct an étale groupoid from an inverse semigroup using ideas from functional analysis. This construction was later simplified by Lenz. We show that Lenz’s construction can itself be further simplified by using filters: the topological groupoid associated with an inverse semigroup is precisely a groupoid of filters. In addition, idempotent filters are closed inverse subsemigroups and so determine transitive representations by means of partial bijections. This connection between filters and representations by partial bijections is exploited to show how linear representations of inverse semigroups can be constructed from the groups occurring in the associated topological groupoid.