bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Hypertension Prevalence, Treatment, and Control for Outpatients in Northern California 2010–2012
Authors: Zhao Beinan , Jose Powell O. , Pu Jia , Chung Sukyung , Ancheta Irma B. , Fortmann Stephen P. , Palaniappan Latha P. 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND
Hypertension (HTN) is a known major cardiovascular disease risk factor, but prevalence, treatment, and control of HTN among rapidly growing minority groups such as Asian Americans and Hispanics are unknown largely due to either underrepresentation in epidemiologic studies or aggregation of Asian American subgroups.

METHODS
A three-year cross-section (2010–2012) of patients from a large ambulatory care setting in northern California was examined in the following subgroups: Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Mexicans, non-Hispanic Blacks (NHBs), and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs). We defined HTN as two separate nonemergent office visit blood pressure measurements ≥140/90mm Hg, physician diagnosis of HTN, or use of antihypertensive medications.

RESULTS
A total of 208,985 patients were included in the study. Age-adjusted HTN prevalence ranged from 30.0% in Chinese women to 59.9% in Filipino men. Most minority subgroups had lower or similar odds of having HTN compared with NHWs, except for Filipinos and NHBs whose odds were significantly higher after adjusting for patient demographic and clinical characteristics. Asian Americans and NHBs were more likely to be treated for HTN compared with NHWs. Achievement of blood pressure control was lower among Filipino women (odds ratio = 0.82, 99% confidence interval 0.70–0.96) and NHB men (odds ratio = 0.73, 99% confidence interval 0.58–0.91), compared with NHW women and men.

CONCLUSIONS
Substantial racial/ethnic variation in HTN prevalence, treatment, and control was found in our study population. Filipino and NHB women and men are at especially high risk for HTN and may have more difficulty in achieving adequate blood pressure control.
A Comparison of Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Corpectomy in Patients With 4-level Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: a Minimum 2-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Li Zhonghai , Huang Jiancheng , Zhang Zhizhong , Li Fengning , Hou Tiesheng , Hou Shuxun 
Published: October 2014

Study Design:
Retrospective clinical series.

Objectives:
To compare perioperative parameters, clinical outcomes, radiographic parameters, and complication rates of segmental anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (sACCF) plus preservation of middle vertebrae with those of multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (mACDF) in 70 patients with 4-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods:
Between July 2006 and May 2011, 70 consecutive patients [49 males and 21 females; mean age 56.8 y (range, 38–72 years)] with 4-level CSM were enrolled in this study and divided into sACCF (n=39) group and mACDF (n=31) group. The study compared perioperative parameters, complication rates, clinical parameters, and radiologic parameters.

Results:
No significant differences between the groups were found in demographic, baseline disease characteristics, operation time, hospital stay, and follow-up time. Significant improvements of clinical outcome were seen from preoperative to postoperative in both groups. Satisfaction was rated as excellent or good by 79.5% of the sACCF group and 80.6% of the mACDF group, which was not a significant difference. Mean postoperative cervical lordosis was significantly greater in the mACDF group than in the sACCF group. Blood loss was significantly greater in the sACCF group than in the mACDF group and instrumentation-related and/or graft-related complication rate significantly lower for the mACDF group. Both sACCF and mACDF groups achieved solid fusion rates (87.1% and 90.3%, respectively).

Conclusions:
Both mACDF and sACCF provide satisfactory clinical outcomes and fusion rates for 4-level CSM. However, mACDF is associated with better radiologic parameter, less blood loss, and lower instrumentation-related and/or graft-related complication rate.
Information sources and adoption of vaccine during pandemics
Authors: Sengupta Sanjit , Deanna Wang Hui-ming 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of different information sources on consumer health behavior during pandemics.

Design/methodology/approach
– We collected survey data from 321 adults in a large western US city during November 2009 by mall and street intercepts. We analyzed their beliefs, attitudes and intentions with regard to adoption of the H1N1 (swine flu) vaccine. We developed and tested two alternative models on the role of mass media and personal information sources on the attitude towards the disease and the intention to get vaccinated.

Findings
– Our study finds that mass media and personal sources of information simultaneously impact perceived threat from disease (attitude) and the intention to get vaccinated during a global pandemic. Personal information sources are more effective than mass media sources in impacting both attitude and intention. While the impact of mass media weakens from the attitude stage to the intention stage, the impact of personal information sources increases from the attitude stage to the intention stage.

Originality/value
– The contribution of this paper to health policy makers and marketers is to draw implications on how mass media and personal information sources could be better utilized to counter future global pandemics.
A longitudinal study of MNE innovation: the case of Goodyear
Authors: Giada Scalera Vittoria , Mukherjee Debmalya , Perri Alessandra , Mudambi Ram 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to provide insights into the innovation trajectory, and knowledge pipelines of mature industry multinational enterprises (MNEs). The ability to innovate constantly amidst a turbulent and competitive environment is often the key force behind MNE survival and dominance.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study conducts an in-depth longitudinal study of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, a global manufacturing company in the tire and rubber industry. The findings are based on USPTO patent and trademark data from 1975-2005.

Findings
– The analysis reveals three crucial trends: the major role of continuous investment in innovation in the firm’s survival and turnaround; the evolution of the firm’s innovation network from a headquarters-centric model toward more geographical dispersal; and the changing mix of innovation from traditional “hard” science-based research toward a greater emphasis on “softer” competencies in design and trademarks. This third trend, in particular, opens up important new avenues for research on MNE innovation practices.

Originality/value
– This study integrates historical analysis of a single firm in the context of its changing industry environment. The historical analysis is enriched by a detailed longitudinal quantitative analysis using a variegated dataset of patents and trademarks to investigate innovation.
Corporate strategic responses to foreign entry: insights from prospect theory
Authors: Hutzschenreuter Thomas , Kleindienst Ingo , Groene Florian , Verbeke Alain 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to address how firms adapt their product and geographic diversification as a response to foreign rivals penetrating their domestic market by adopting a behavioral perspective to understand firm-level strategic responses to foreign entry.Design/methodology/approach– The study proposes that strategic responses to foreign entry selected by domestic incumbents have both a framing component and a related, strategic choice component, with the latter including changes in product and geographic market diversification (though other more business strategy-related responses are also possible, e.g. in product pricing and marketing). This study tests a set of hypotheses building on panel data of large US firms.Findings– The study finds, in accordance with our predictions, that domestic incumbents reduce their product and geographic diversification when facing an increase in import penetration. However, when increased market penetration by foreign firms takes the form of FDI rather than imports, the corporate response appears to be an increase in product and geographic diversification, again in line with our predictions.Originality/value– The study develops a new conceptual framework that is grounded in prospect theory, but builds on recent insights from mainstream international strategic management studies (Bowen and Wiersema, 2005; Wiersema and Bowen, 2008).
Exploration of motivational drivers towards social entrepreneurship
Authors: Omorede Adesuwa 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the reasons behind individuals’ motivational drivers to start social enterprises in Nigeria and their persistence in the entrepreneurial process. By presenting an emergent model, the paper aims to provide more understanding on why certain individuals devote their efforts in addressing nagging issues and tackling longstanding inefficiencies in communities and societies.Design/methodology/approach– An inductive study, which draws upon qualitative data (interviews and archival data) of social entrepreneurs and people surrounding them, was conducted.Findings– The findings show that local conditions such as widespread ignorance and unscientific beliefs together with the individual’s intentional mindset are contributing factors, which explain engagement in starting a social enterprise. It is further suggested that the combination of local conditions and intentional mindset, in turn, triggers the individuals’ passion for a cause that is facilitated by the support provided from their social network, which both seem to be important for maintaining persistence in the oftentimes challenging situation of being a social entrepreneur.Originality/value– This study makes two significant contributions to the literature of social entrepreneurship. First, the study presents an emergent model that introduces specific empirically grounded reasons toward individuals’ drives and motives for starting and persisting in social entrepreneurship. Second, the study adds to the development of literature by highlighting the importance of contextual factors when studying social entrepreneurship and also provides explanations for the significant role of passion for social entrepreneurial activities.
Personality trait differences between traditional and social entrepreneurs
Authors: Smith Rachael , Bell Robin , Watts Helen 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to identify personality trait differences between social and traditional entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approach– The Durham Business School’s General Enterprise Tendencies (GET) test was chosen to measure an individual’s entrepreneurial personality. The choice was based on the test’s established use within industry and its ability to measure traits most commonly considered “entrepreneurial” by the extant literature. The test was adapted for this study and distributed to both social and traditional entrepreneurs. The results were then statistically analysed to test for significant differences between the two groups.Findings– It was found that social entrepreneurs exhibited statistically significantly higher levels of creativity, risk-taking and need for autonomy than traditional entrepreneurs. The results were then discussed critically in light of the literature.Research limitations/implications– The modest sample size was the main limitation of the research. In addition, the sample set was fairly culturally homogeneous. It has been recommended that an additional test be carried out with a larger sample size, consisting of a more culturally diverse range of participants, to improve the generalisation of the findings.Originality/value– This research provides new insights into personality trait differences between social and traditional entrepreneurs and is particularly useful to those with an interest in entrepreneurial orientation and those interested in the identification and development of social entrepreneurs.
Tree communities rapidly alter soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought
Authors: Rivest David , Paquette Alain , Shipley Bill , Reich Peter B. , Messier Christian 
Published: October 2014

Summary

The ability of soil microbial communities to withstand and recover from disturbance or stress is important for the functional stability of forest ecosystems. However, the relationship between the community responses of soil microbes and variation in tree mixtures vs functional composition remains poorly understood.

We investigated soil biochemical properties and soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought in three 4‐year‐old tree monocultures (Acer saccharum Marsh, Larix laricina (Duroi) K. Koch and Pinus strobus L.) and two tree species combinations (L. laricina/A. saccharum and L. laricina/P. strobus) planted in a high‐density tree field experiment located in southern Quebec, Canada. The experimentally imposed drought stress consisted of maintaining soil material for 30 days at 25% of water‐holding capacity (WHC). Microbial biomass was assessed immediately after the water stress (resistance) and 15 and 30 days following drought (resilience).

Results showed that tree communities influenced soil chemistry, soil respirometry properties and microbial resistance and resilience. We measured significant non‐additive (i.e. both synergistic and antagonistic) effects of mixing tree species in some of the soil biochemical properties measured, mostly in the L. laricina/A. saccharum mixture. However, we did not find non‐additive effects of tree mixtures on microbial resistance and resilience. A structural equation modelling analysis revealed that resistance and resilience were mostly modulated by direct effects of community‐weighted means (CWM) of leaf litter lignin content and mineralizable N, and by indirect links from tree density and CWM of leaf litter N content via mineralizable N.

This study suggests that tree species identity surpassed species mixtures as a key driver of soil microbial resistance and resilience. We showed a trade‐off between microbial resistance and resilience in soil food webs, which is consistent with ecological theory. Our results indicate that differences in functional traits between tree species may rapidly be reflected in divergent soil biochemical properties and that these differences can in turn drive soil microbial resistance and resilience to drought.
A comparison of the retention of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157 by sprouts, leaves and fruits
Authors: Mathews Stephanie L. , Smith Rachel B. , Matthysse Ann G. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe retention (binding to or association with the plant) of Escherichia coli by cut leaves and fruits after vigorous water washing was compared with that by sprouts. Retention by fruits and leaves was similar but differed from retention by sprouts in rate, effect of wounding and requirement for poly‐β,1‐6‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine. Escherichia coli was retained by cut ends of lettuce leaves within 5 min while more than 1 h was required for retention by the intact epidermis of leaves and fruits, and more than 1 day for sprouts. Retention after 5 min at the cut leaf edge was specific for E. coli and was not shown by the plant‐associated bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Sinorhizobium meliloti. Escherichia coli was retained by lettuce, spinach, alfalfa, bean, tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, cucumber, and pepper leaves and fruits faster than by sprouts. Wounding of leaves and fruits but not sprouts increased bacterial retention. Mutations in the exopolysaccharide synthesis genes yhjN and wcaD reduced the numbers of bacteria retained. PgaC mutants were retained by cut leaves and fruits but not by sprouts. There was no significant difference in the retention of an O157 and a K12 strain by fruits or leaves. However, retention by sprouts of O157 strains was significantly greater than K12 strains. These findings suggest that there are differences in the mechanisms of E  coli retention among sprouts, and leaves and fruits.
An integrative taxonomic approach to assess the status of Corsican bumblebees: implications for conservation
Authors: Lecocq T. , Brasero N. , De Meulemeester T. , Michez D. , Dellicour S. , Lhomme P. , de Jonghe R. , Valterová I. , Urbanová K. , Rasmont P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMany islands are biodiversity hotspots that host numerous endemic species. Unfortunately, insular faunas suffer from high rates of extinction and endangerment, and numerous conservation plans have been developed for their protection. These conservation plans are often assessed on the basis of occurrence and proportion of endemic taxa. However, delimitations of species and subspecies are still confusing and controversial. From a practical point of view, these disagreements make it difficult for government agencies and non‐governmental organizations to initiate conservation measures. The present study develops a pragmatic integrative taxonomic approach on the basis of molecular and eco‐chemical criteria. This method is applied to the insular bumblebee fauna of Corsica. For each taxon, the differentiation of Corsican taxa from the nearest related allopatric parents is characterized using genetic markers and the chemical composition of cephalic labial gland secretions. Phylogenetic analyses, Bayesian implementation of the general mixed Yule‐coalescent approach, and comparative chemical studies show that two Corsican taxa can be considered as endemic species while five others can be considered as subspecies. Regardless of the taxonomic assessment the method facilitates diagnosis of evolutionarily significant units and rank taxa according to their distinctiveness. International Union for Conservation of Nature red lists are reconsidered according to the new taxonomic hypothesis for Corsican bumblebees. Modifications in species assessments are proposed. The present approach provides useful data sets for policy‐makers and conservation organizations.
Biobehavioral mechanisms of topiramate's effects on alcohol use: an investigation pairing laboratory and ecological momentary assessments
Authors: Miranda Robert , MacKillop James , Treloar Hayley , Blanchard Alexander , Tidey Jennifer W. , Swift Robert M. , Chun Thomas , Rohsenow Damaris J. , Monti Peter M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTopiramate reduces drinking, but little is known about the mechanisms that precipitate this effect. This double‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled study assessed the putative mechanisms by which topiramate reduces alcohol use among 96 adult non‐treatment‐seeking heavy drinkers in a laboratory‐based alcohol cue reactivity assessment and in the natural environment using ecological momentary assessment methods. Topiramate reduced the quantity of alcohol heavy drinkers consumed on drinking days and reduced craving while participants were drinking but did not affect craving outside of drinking episodes in either the laboratory or in the natural environment. Topiramate did not alter the stimulant or sedative effects of alcohol ingestion during the ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve. A direct test of putative mechanisms of action using multilevel structural equation mediation models showed that topiramate reduced drinking indirectly by blunting alcohol‐induced craving. These findings provide the first real‐time prospective evidence that topiramate reduces drinking by reducing alcohol's priming effects on craving and highlight the importance of craving as an important treatment target of pharmacotherapy for alcoholism.
Laparoscopic resection aided by preoperative 3‐D CT angiography for rectosigmoid colon cancer associated with a horseshoe kidney: A case report
Authors: Maeda Yoshiaki , Shinohara Toshiki , Nagatsu Akihisa , Futakawa Noriaki , Hamada Tomonori 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe herein report a case of laparoscopic high anterior resection with D3 lymph node dissection for rectosigmoid colon cancer with a horseshoe kidney. A 65‐year‐old Japanese man referred to our hospital for rectosigmoid colon cancer was found to have a horseshoe kidney on a CT scan. On 3‐D CT angiography, an aberrant renal artery was visualized feeding the renal isthmus that arises from the aorta just below the root of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). Laparoscopic anterior rectal resection with D3 lymph node dissection was performed. During the operation, the IMA, left ureter, left gonadal vessels and hypogastric nerve plexus could be seen passing over the horseshoe kidney isthmus. With the aid of preoperative 3‐D CT angiography, the root of the IMA was identified on the temporal side of the isthmus and divided safely just above the hypogastric nerve. As a horseshoe kidney is often accompanied by aberrant renal arteries and/or abnormal running of the ureter, 3‐D CT angiography is useful for determining the location of these structures and avoiding intraoperative injury.
Surgical excision of umbilical endometriotic lesions with laparoscopic pelvic observation is the way to treat umbilical endometriosis
Authors: Chikazawa Kenro , Mitsushita Junji , Netsu Sachiho , Konno Ryo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPrimary umbilical endometriosis is extremely rare, although cases secondary to previous surgery have occasionally been reported. Here, we report three cases of umbilical endometriosis: two cases with previous cesarean section and one case of primary umbilical endometriosis. The treatment of choice for umbilical endometriosis is the excision of the lesions, and we believe laparoscopic pelvic observation is a beneficial addition, as 13%–15% of umbilical endometriosis cases are accompanied by pelvic endometriosis.
Successful treatment of gallbladder dyskinesia by laparascopic cholecystectomy: Report of a case
Authors: Sasaki Takamitsu , Kato Daisuke , Shinya Satoshi , Nakashima Ryo , Shiwaku Hironari , Yamashita Kanefumi , Yamashita Yuichi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 75‐year‐old woman entered the hospital emergency room complaining of severe epigastric pain. She had experienced similar repeated abdominal pain for some time. Biliary tract dyskinesia was suspected based on the Roma III criteria. When drip infusion cholangiography‐CT with egg yolk load was performed, the contraction rate of the gallbladder before and after applying the load was as low as 33.5%. Upon biliary tract scintigraphy, biliary excretion into the intestinal tract was found to be normal, but after the egg yolk load, the biliary excretion rate in the gallbladder decreased to 14.5%. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed under a diagnosis of flaccid‐type gallbladder dyskinesia. A few reports exist describing cases in which cholecystectomy was performed for gallbladder dyskinesia, so we are submitting this report with some bibliographic consideration.