bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of dosage compensation under sexual selection differs between X and Z chromosomes
Authors: Mullon Charles , Wright Alison E. , Reuter Max , Pomiankowski Andrew , Mank Judith E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractComplete sex chromosome dosage compensation has more often been observed in XY than ZW species. In this study, using a population genetic model and the chicken transcriptome, we assess whether sexual conflict can account for this difference. Sexual conflict over expression is inevitable when mutation effects are correlated across the sexes, as compensatory mutations in the heterogametic sex lead to hyperexpression in the homogametic sex. Coupled with stronger selection and greater reproductive variance in males, this results in slower and less complete evolution of Z compared with X dosage compensation. Using expression variance as a measure of selection strength, we find that, as predicted by the model, dosage compensation in the chicken is most pronounced in genes that are under strong selection biased towards females. Our study explains the pattern of weak dosage compensation in ZW systems, and suggests that sexual selection plays a major role in shaping sex chromosome dosage compensation.
Three-dimensional nanometre localization of nanoparticles to enhance super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Bon Pierre , Bourg Nicolas , Lécart Sandrine , Monneret Serge , Fort Emmanuel , Wenger Jérôme , Lévêque-Fort Sandrine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMeeting the nanometre resolution promised by super-resolution microscopy techniques (pointillist: PALM, STORM, scanning: STED) requires stabilizing the sample drifts in real time during the whole acquisition process. Metal nanoparticles are excellent probes to track the lateral drifts as they provide crisp and photostable information. However, achieving nanometre axial super-localization is still a major challenge, as diffraction imposes large depths-of-fields. Here we demonstrate fast full three-dimensional nanometre super-localization of gold nanoparticles through simultaneous intensity and phase imaging with a wavefront-sensing camera based on quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. We show how to combine the intensity and phase information to provide the key to the third axial dimension. Presently, we demonstrate even in the occurrence of large three-dimensional fluctuations of several microns, unprecedented sub-nanometre localization accuracies down to 0.7 nm in lateral and 2.7 nm in axial directions at 50 frames per second. We demonstrate that nanoscale stabilization greatly enhances the image quality and resolution in direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy imaging.
Three-dimensional visualization of the microvasculature of bile duct ligation-induced liver fibrosis in rats by x-ray phase-contrast imaging computed tomography
Authors: Xuan Ruijiao , Zhao Xinyan , Hu Doudou , Jian Jianbo , Wang Tailing , Hu Chunhong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractX-ray phase-contrast imaging (PCI) can substantially enhance contrast and is particularly useful in differentiating biological soft tissues with small density differences. Combined with computed tomography (CT), PCI-CT enables the acquisition of accurate microstructures inside biological samples. In this study, liver microvasculature was visualized without contrast agents in vitro with PCI-CT using liver fibrosis samples induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. The histological section examination confirmed the correspondence of CT images with the microvascular morphology of the samples. By means of the PCI-CT and three-dimensional (3D) visualization technique, 3D microvascular structures in samples from different stages of liver fibrosis were clearly revealed. Different types of blood vessels, including portal veins and hepatic veins, in addition to ductular proliferation and bile ducts, could be distinguished with good sensitivity, excellent specificity and excellent accuracy. The study showed that PCI-CT could assess the morphological changes in liver microvasculature that result from fibrosis and allow characterization of the anatomical and pathological features of the microvasculature. With further development of PCI-CT technique, it may become a novel noninvasive imaging technique for the auxiliary analysis of liver fibrosis.
Orbital Reconstruction in a Self-assembled Oxygen Vacancy Nanostructure
Authors: Jang H. , Kerr G. , Lim J. S. , Yang C.-H. , Kao C.-C. , Lee J.-S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate the microscopic role of oxygen vacancies spatially confined within nanometer inter-spacing (about 1 nm) in BiFeO3, using resonant soft X-ray scattering techniques and soft X-ray spectroscopy measurements. Such vacancy confinements and total number of vacancy are controlled by substitution of Ca2+ for Bi3+ cation. We found that by increasing the substitution, the in-plane orbital bands of Fe3+ cations are reconstructed without any redox reaction. It leads to a reduction of the hopping between Fe atoms, forming a localized valence band, in particular Fe 3d-electronic structure, around the Fermi level. This band localization causes to decrease the conductivity of the doped BiFeO3 system.
Rice stripe virus counters reduced fecundity in its insect vector by modifying insect physiology, primary endosymbionts and feeding behavior
Authors: Wan Guijun , Jiang Shoulin , Wang Wenjing , Li Guoqing , Tao Xiaorong , Pan Weidong , Sword Gregory A. , Chen Fajun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractVirus-vector relationships can be complex and diverse as a result of long-term coevolution. Understanding these interactions is crucial for disease and vector management. Rice stripe virus (RSV) is known to be transovarially transmitted within its vector, Laodelphax striatellus, and causes serious rice stripe disease. In RSV-infected L. striatellus, we found contrasting changes in vector fecundity, physiology, primary endosymbionts (i.e. yeast-like symbionts, YLS) and feeding behavior that can interact to affect the spread of RSV. RSV-infected L. striatellus exhibited a significant decrease in fecundity that could lead a reduction of viruliferous individuals in populations. As a potential response to this loss, RSV infection also significantly shortened nymphal stage duration, which can strengthen RSV vertical circulation in L. striatellus populations and promote RSV spreading by adult migration and dispersal. Down-regulated JHAMT and up-regulated CYP307A1 in the juvenile hormone and ecdysteroid pathways, respectively, were linked to accelerated development. RSV-infected adults were also found to have higher body weight in conjunction with increased YLS abundance. Furthermore, prolonged host plant phloem exposure to salivation by RSV-infected adults should further enhance RSV horizontal transmission. Our study highlights potential strategies of RSV in enhancing its transmission and provides new insights into the complexity of virus-vector interactions.
Pressure-induced dissociation of water molecules in ice VII
Authors: Iitaka Toshiaki , Fukui Hiroshi , Li Zhi , Hiraoka Nozomu , Irifune Tetsuo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe neutron diffraction pattern of D2O ice was recently measured at pressures up to 52 GPa by Guthrieet al., who proposed an octahedral interstitial model for ice at pressures above 13 GPa to account for the deviation of the observed crystal structure from that of ice VII. In this article, the octahedral interstitial model was re-examined in terms of the interstitial occupancy and X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) spectra. The interstitial occupancy calculated using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations was negligibly small compared to that of the interstitial model. The oxygenK-edge spectra calculated for the interstitial model exhibited two additional low-energy peaks originating from water molecules and hydroxides that are interacting with interstitial protons, respectively, whereas these low-energy peaks were not observed in the experimentally measured spectra. These results suggest that the interstitial model cannot explain the XRS spectra of ice VII at pressures above 13 GPa and that more precise structure measurements and analyses are necessary to reveal the nature of the pressure-induced transition.
Isoform-specific interactions of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein
Authors: Minervini Giovanni , Mazzotta Gabriella M. , Masiero Alessandro , Sartori Elena , Corrà Samantha , Potenza Emilio , Costa Rodolfo , Tosatto Silvio C. E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDeregulation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) is considered one of the main causes for malignant renal clear-cell carcinoma (ccRCC) insurgence. In human, pVHL exists in two isoforms, pVHL19 and pVHL30 respectively, displaying comparable tumor suppressor abilities. Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been also correlated with ccRCC insurgence and ineffectiveness of treatment. A recent proteomic analysis linked full length pVHL30 with p53 pathway regulation through complex formation with the p14ARF oncosuppressor. The alternatively spliced pVHL19, missing the first 53 residues, lacks this interaction and suggests an asymmetric function of the two pVHL isoforms. Here, we present an integrative bioinformatics and experimental characterization of the pVHL oncosuppressor isoforms. Predictions of the pVHL30 N-terminus three-dimensional structure suggest that it may exist as an ensemble of structured and disordered forms. The results were used to guide Yeast two hybrid experiments to highlight isoform-specific binding properties. We observed that the physical pVHL/p14ARF interaction is specifically mediated by the 53 residue long pVHL30 N-terminal region, suggesting that this N-terminus acts as a further pVHL interaction interface. Of note, we also observed that the shorter pVHL19 isoform shows an unexpected high tendency to form homodimers, suggesting an additional isoform-specific binding specialization.
On the interpretation of dark matter self-interactions in Abell 3827
Authors: Kahlhoefer Felix , Schmidt-Hoberg Kai , Kummer Janis , Sarkar Subir 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Self-interactions of dark matter (DM) particles can potentially lead to an observable separation between the DM halo and the stars of a galaxy moving through a region of large DM density. Such a separation has recently been observed in a galaxy falling into the core of the galaxy cluster Abell 3827. We estimated the DM self-interaction cross-section needed to reproduce the observed effects and find that the sensitivity of Abell 3827 has been significantly overestimated in a previous study. Our corrected estimate is $\tilde{\sigma }/m_{\rm DM} \sim 3\,{\rm cm}^2\,{\rm g}^{-1}$ when self-interactions result in an effective drag force and σ/mDM ∼ 1.5 cm2 g−1 for the case of contact interactions, in some tension with previous upper bounds.
Cannulated Lag Screw Fixation of Displaced Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures Is Associated With Lower Rates of Open Reduction and Infection Than Pin Fixation
Authors: Stein Benjamin E. , Ramji Alim F. , Hassanzadeh Hamid , Wohlgemut Jared M. , Ain Michael C. , Sponseller Paul D. 
Published: July 2015

Background:
Open reduction/internal fixation remains the most common way to surgically stabilize displaced pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures, but closed reduction and internal fixation is being increasingly used. Our goal was to compare the clinical and functional results of treating displaced pediatric lateral humeral condylar fractures with traditional smooth or threaded pin fixation versus single cannulated screw fixation.

Methods:
From 1998 through 2012, the lateral humeral condyle fractures of 48 patients were treated with pin fixation (22 patients, until 2006) or cannulated, partially threaded screw fixation (26 patients, from 2006 onward). In each, closed reduction with percutaneous fixation was attempted first, followed by open reduction if anatomic reduction was not achieved. For the pin and screw groups, preoperative maximum radiographic displacement averaged 8.4 mm (range, 3.8 to 18.4 mm) and 6.3 mm (range, 2.2 to 15.5 mm), respectively; follow-up averaged 4.3 months (range, 1.5 to 20 mo) and 10.3 months (range, 2 to 30 mo), respectively. We reviewed preoperative and postoperative images and all follow-up clinical examination findings; serially assessed initial displacement, Baumann and carrying angles, range of motion limitations, and clinical alignment; evaluated functional results via the system of Hardacre and colleagues; and investigated all complications.

Results:
Open reduction was required in 73% (16/22) and 15% (4/26) of the pin and screw groups, respectively (P<0.001). All fractures were reduced to <1 mm postoperative displacement. Postoperative immobilization averaged 5.9 weeks (range, 4 to 11 wk) and 4.5 weeks (range, 3 to 8 wk) for the pin and screw groups, respectively. The only significant difference in complications was the infection rate: 5 (1 deep) in the pin group and none in the screw group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Closed reduction and percutaneous 4.5-mm lag screw fixation of displaced pediatric lateral humeral condyle fractures is safe and reliable, enabling a higher rate of closed reduction, significantly lower infection rate, and earlier mobilization than traditional pin fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—Therapeutic.
Achieving success with Lean
Authors: Sisson Julie , Elshennawy Ahmad 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this research is to identify key interrelated components of successful, sustained lean transformation. When implemented successfully, lean not only allows for cost reduction while improving quality but it can also position a company to achieve tremendous growth. However, although many companies are attempting to implement lean, only an estimated 2-3 per cent are achieving the desired level of success.Design/methodology/approach– A thorough literature review was conducted and the findings indicated six key constructs that can act as enablers or inhibitors to implementing and sustaining lean. A theoretical framework was developed that integrates these constructs and develops research propositions for each. A multiple-case study analysis was used to test the framework on four companies that have achieved successful lean transformations to validate the model.Findings– Sixteen propositions were supported in all four of the case studies and one proposition was supported in three of the four case studies.Originality/value– This research proposed and tested a model lean transformation on cases drawn from the very small number of companies in the USA that have achieved successful, sustained lean improvement. The case studies represented a broad variety of manufacturing industries, increasing the likelihood of the research being able to be broadly generalized and applied. The model provides a set of related tangible actions that organizations planning to undertake a lean transformation can focus on to help insure successful implementation and sustainment.
From law to folklore: work stress and the Yerkes-Dodson Law
Authors: Corbett Martin 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how a speculative animal behaviour modification experiment conducted over 100 years ago evolved into a scientific law of human behaviour that is now widely cited in managerial psychology texts and journals. The paper considers the implications of this evolution for the theory and practice of work stress management in particular, and managerial psychology in general.Design/methodology/approach– Using insights from social constructivist studies of science the empirical evidence supporting the Yerkes-Dodson Law (YDL) is examined and found wanting. The role played by the simple graphical representation of the YDL in its popularisation is considered.Findings– Analysis reveals that the YDL has no basis in empirical fact but continues to inform managerial practices which seek to increase or maintain, rather than minimise, levels of stress in the workplace as a means to enhance employee performance.Practical implications– Practitioners should not seek to increase performance through the manipulation of employee stress levels.Originality/value– The paper brings attention to the potentially harmful ways the publication of long-discredited models of stress and performance can influence management practice.
Subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism: a scale development
Authors: Wagstaff María Fernanda , Collela Adrienne , Triana María del Carmen , Smith Alexis Nicole , Watkins Marla Baskerville 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– Drawing from social dominance theories and conceptualizations of paternalism, the purpose of this paper is to define and develop a measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism (SPSP).Design/methodology/approach– The authors assess the validity of the measure using Hinkin’s (1998) scale development steps.Findings– The authors found evidence of the convergent and discriminant validity of the measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism drawing from three different samples. Participants in the study were also able to differentiate a low from a high paternalism condition using the measure of paternalism. Finally, as expected, the interaction between a supervisor’s benevolence and control was significantly associated with subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism.Research limitations/implications– The authors provide evidence for the validity of a measure of subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism while controlling for various status signals represented by demographic variables. Results may have been influenced by common method variance. However, there is no theoretical reason to expect any such interactions. Additionally, as the authors limited the data collection to the USA, the authors caution against generalizing beyond that context.Practical implications– The authors provide validity and reliability evidence for a unidimensional measure that is short and easy to administer in future research to further examine the consequences of perceptions of supervisor paternalism.Social implications– Defining and measuring subordinates’ perceptions of supervisor paternalism is important to society given the potential adverse consequences of these perceptions. Because paternalistic relationships pervade many supervisor-subordinate interactions, both subordinates and supervisors can become more sensitive to the consequences of such interactions by understanding the conditions under which supervisor paternalism manifests itself.Originality/value– Conceptually, in this study, the authors build on prior research and define supervisor paternalism from a social dominance perspective. Empirically, the authors contribute a statistically valid and reliable unidimensional measure.
An empirical investigation for alignment of communities of practice with organization using fuzzy Delphi panel
Authors: Jassbi Abdollah , Jassbi Javad , Akhavan Peyman , Chu Mei-Tai , Piri Morteza 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to design a model to outline the structure of communities of practice (CoPs) corresponding to organizational context.Design/methodology/approach– This research utilizes both descriptive and prescriptive approaches, as the authors are looking for a comprehensive relational model to deal with the problem of selecting suitable CoPs concerning organizational context. Thus, this study applies interviewing and fuzzy Delphi methods to explore the model.Findings– The work provides a new and comprehensive relational model of CoPs and organizational variables affecting CoPs structure. In this model, three basic concepts of the literature were developed. First, the components concerning types of CoPs were identified and then the organizational variables related to CoPs were determined. Finally, the authors extracted the relationships between the organizational variables and the components of CoPs.Practical implications– From a practical perspective, the relationships among the components concerning types of CoPs and the organizational variables may provide a model which can effectively guide firms how to promote, design and manage CoPs within organizational contexts.Originality/value– The results of this study contribute to CoPs literature in terms of identification of two variables (CoPs components and organizational variables) to produce a matrix for the construction of a holistic CoPs model. The significant finding of this research is the guidance it provides for designing a relational model involving relations between organizational variables and CoPs components.
Knowledge management, research data management, and university scholarship
Authors: Makani Joyline 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to synthesize existing research on research data management (RDM), academic scholarship and knowledge management and provide a conceptual framework for an institutional research data management support-system (RDMSS) for systems development, managerial and academic use.Design/methodology/approach– Viewing RDMSS from multiple theoretical perspectives, including data management, knowledge management, academic scholarship and the practice-based perspectives of knowledge and knowing, this paper conceptually explores the systems’ elements needed in the development of an institutional RDM service by considering the underlying data discovery and application issues, as well as the nature of academic scholarship and knowledge creation, discovery, application and sharing motivations in a university environment.Findings– The paper provides general criteria for an institutional RDMSS framework. It suggests that RDM in universities is at the very heart of the knowledge life cycle and is a central ingredient to the academic scholarships of discovery, integration, teaching, engagement and application.Research limitations/implications– This is a conceptual exploration and as a result, the research findings may lack generalisability. Researchers are therefore encouraged to further empirically examine the proposed propositions.Originality/value– The broad RDMSS framework presented in this paper can be compared with the actual situation at universities and eventually guide recommendations for adaptations and (re)design of the institutional RDM infrastructure and knowledge discovery services environment. Moreover, this paper will help to address some of the identified underlying scholarship and RDM disciplinary divides and confusion constraining the effective functioning of the modern day university’s RDM and data discovery environment.