bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Results of the Free Flap Transfer for the Head and Neck Reconstruction: The Public Hospital Experience
Authors: Karpenko Andrey , Roman Laslo , Chumanikhina Natalia , Kostyuk Igor , Sibgatullin Ramil , Belova Elena , Evdokimova Nadezhda , Dzhalilov Dilavar 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study is to assess our first results with the free flap transfer. Since October 2006 through April 2012, 58 operations were performed. The upper digestive tract was reconstructed in 46 cases, the soft tissues and skin of the head and neck region—in 12 cases. The primary plasty was performed in all but two cases. Eighteen first cases were performed with 2. 5 and 4x binocular loupes magnification only. The operating microscope was used in 40 cases. Fourty-two radial forearm fasciocutaneous flaps, five latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps, nine anterolateral thigh flaps, one scapular osteocutaneous flap were used with the single case of the visceral flap— the jejunal flap. Death in early postoperative period occurred once. Complete flap loss occurred six times. Five radial and one latissimus dorsi free flaps were lost. The arterial thrombosis is considered as the primary cause of failure in one case, venous thrombosis—in two cases, postoperative infection—in one case with remaining two cases of the unknown primary cause of failure. There were three cases of the revision surgery with the attempts to reperform venous anastomosis, one of them was successful. The overall success rate in this series is 87.9%. Most of the failures occurred early in the series. The main cause of such a low rate of the success is a lack of experience. Even in a so small number of patients the results significantly improved from 72.2 to 94.4%.How to cite this articleKarpenko A, Roman L, Chumanikhina N, Kostyuk I, Sibgatullin R, Belova E, Evdokimova N, Dzhalilov First Results of the Free Flap Transfer for the Head and Neck Reconstruction: The Public Hospital Experience. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):66-72.
Multiple Pin Wheel Flaps and Its Modification in Special Areas of the Scalp
Authors: Singh Gurcharan , Shetty Nikhil S 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTClosure of the defects in special areas of the scalp, such as forehead, above the ear and occipital protuberance produces distortion of the hairline, lifting of the eyebrow, lengthy scars and distortion of the ear. The treatment of this distortion presents a challenge, for which we had a very favorable response with modification of the original four flap closure in a pinwheel fashion as described by TR Vecchione.In our series of eight cases, five flaps were marked at various convenient degrees instead of four flaps as originally described. In scalp defects in and around the hairline the length of the five flaps results in a smaller scar, without changing the hairline, lifting the eyebrow or distorting the position of the pinna.How to cite this articleSingh G, Shetty NS. Multiple Pin Wheel Flaps and Its Modification in Special Areas of the Scalp. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):73-75.
Radiation-Induced Xerostomia
Authors: Agarwal Jai Prakash , Baijal Gunjan , Kar Ranajit 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTXerostomia is a common complication following radiotherapy for head and neck cancers. This has long-term implications on the quality of life of these patients. The better understanding of salivary function and the interaction of radiotherapy dose-volume and fractionation with salivary function has allowed us to intervene with various modalities to prevent or treat this common complication. Thus we present a review of published literature describing the factors affecting xerostomia, its prevention and treatment.How to cite this articleBaijal G, Kar R, Agarwal JP. Radiation-Induced Xerostomia. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2): 82-86.
An Unusually Large Symptomatic Paratracheal Air Cyst
Authors: Poddar Anil , Kedia Piyush 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTParatracheal cysts, usually incidental findings on imaging for other reasons, rarely cause symptoms so as to necessitate treatment. Such a large paratracheal cyst indenting on the apex of the lung is barely reported in the literature.How to cite this articlePoddar AK, Kedia P. An Unusually Large Symptomatic Paratracheal Air Cyst. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):99-100.
Acute Accidental Formic Acid Poisoning: A Common Problem Reported in Rubber Plantations in Sullia
Authors: Naik Sudhir , Naik Sarika S , Ravishankara S , Appaji Mohan K , Goutham MK , Devi Nonthombam Pinky , Mushannavar Annapurna S 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundIngestion of formic acid, accidentally or with suicidal intention is a common problem among the workers in rubber plantations in Sullia. The diluted form of formic acid is used in coagulation of rubber latex. Sullia, a small town in South India, is well known for its rubber plantations. Easy accessibility to formic acid makes it susceptible to be used for committing suicide in this region. Also accidental ingestion are very common in these workers.Aim:To study a case report of accidental formic acid poisoning and its management.InterventionThe patient was managed successfully by medical line of treatment. No gastric lavage or antidote was used in treatment and no vomiting induced. Nasogastric tube feeding was done and electrolyte imbalance was corrected.ConclusionEasy availability of formic acid should be curtailed by enforcing statutory limitations in its distribution and the complication of formic acid poisoning should be educated to these rubber workers. Patients with hematemesis or melena, after successful treatment, should be followed up with serial esophagogastroduodenoscopy for diagnosis and early treatment of strictures.How to cite this articleNaik SM, Ravishankara S, Appaji MK, Goutham MK, Devi NP, Mushannavar AS, Naik SS. Acute Accidental Formic Acid Poisoning: A Common Problem Reported in Rubber Plantations in Sullia. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):101-105.
Osteopetrosis: Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations
Authors: Makarem Abbas , Lotfi Nosrat , Danesh-Sani Seyed Amir , Nazifi Soudabeh 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTOsteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone disease characterized by osteoclasts malfunction and impaired bone resorption. Decreased vascularity of bone as well as compromised immune system may result in oral and maxillofacial complications. Osteomyelitis is life-threatening problem in these patients usually associated with dental caries or abscess. Dental practitioners could play a crucial role in early diagnosis of osteomyelitis and avoid inappropriate treatments and further complications.How to cite this articleMakarem A, Lotfi N, Danesh-Sani SA, Nazifi S. Osteopetrosis: Oral and Maxillofacial Manifestations. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):115-117.
Schwannoma of Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Naseeruddin Khaja 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Parapharyngeal tumors are rare and their surgical excision is challenging because of the anatomical complexicity of the area. They are late to present and symptomatology is varied till they become large in size. Herewith, a rare case of schwannoma probably arising from the cervical sympathetic chain is reported presenting as a mass in the parapharyngeal space.

How to cite this article
Naseeruddin K. Schwannoma of Parapharyngeal Space. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2): 118-120.
Morphological Features of Composite Resin Surfaces after Two- and Three-Body Wear Simulation
Authors: Kanehira Masafumi , Finger Werner J , Iwasaki Naohiko , Koottathape Natthavoot , Takahashi Hidekazu 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate morphological surface features of different composite resins after 30,000 sliding wear cycles under two- and three-body wear action.

Materials and methods
The morphology of worn surfaces of four nanofiller containing composite resins, Filtek Supreme XT (FIL), MI Flow (MFL), Venus Diamond (VED) and Venus Pearl (VEP) were investigated and compared with three conventional composites as references, microfilled Durafill VS (DUR), microhybrid Filtek Z250 (Z250) and hybrid-type Clearfil AP-X (APX). Plane surfaces of the polymerized and water-saturated materials (n = 5) were tested in a custom-built pin-on-disk wear machine fitted with a zirconia ball, 4 mm in diameter, serving as the antagonist ‘cusp’ and loading the specimen at 15° angulation for 3.7 mm long sliding paths (50 N load, 1.2 Hz, 30,000 cycles) either in water, simulating two-body wear, or in slurries of PMMA beads or poppy seed, simulating three-body wear. Random samples of each material were selected and sputter-coated with gold for inspection of the wear patterns using scanning electron microscopy.

Results
Under two-body wear action all materials showed cracking as indicator of fatigue. MFL and VEP with prepolymer particles were least affected. Similarly, surfaces after three-body wearing with PMMA bead slurry revealed crack formation for five of the composites tested. The micro-hybrid Z250 and the nanofilled FIL displayed compressed and shallow delaminated areas. With poppy seed slurry as the third-body medium DUR was deeply destructed. Also the nanohybrid VED with a small fraction of up to 20 ƒÝm large ground glass fillers revealed deep cracks, whereas small delamination areas characterized the hybrid composite APX. Z250 as well as FIL, MFL and VEP were smoothly abraded without showing signs of cracking or delamination.

Conclusion
Composite resin surfaces, worn under two-body sliding showed mainly crack formation as an expression of fatigue. Similarly, three-body abrasion with a PMMA bead slurry revealed surface cracks to various extent and delamination, which is also an expression of fatigue related damage. With fine-ground poppy seed slurry only the microfilled composite with large prepolymer particles showed catastrophic failure. In all other cases the small poppy seed fragments in the slurry abraded the surfaces, removing polymer or fine particle loaded matrix uniformly. Supposedly, poppy seed slurry is a suitable third-body medium, simulating occlusal wear produced by food, rich in fibers or grain.

How to cite this article
Koottathape N, Takahashi H, Iwasaki N, Kanehira M, Finger WJ. Morphological Features of Composite Resin Surfaces after Two- and Three-Body Wear Simulation. World J Dent 2012;3(3):221-228.
Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of a Total Etch Adhesive with a Self-Etching Primer on an Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Bawa Shamina 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe presentin vitroinvestigation evaluated the shear bond strength of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin in conjunction with a total etch adhesive excite and a selfetching primer, Prompt-L-Pop.The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the bond strength of two generation bonding systems when used on endodontically treated teeth.Twenty-four freshly extracted noncarious intact human maxillary and mandibular teeth were selected for this study. They were divided into 2 groups of 12 teeth each. The occlusal surface of the teeth was ground to prepare flat dentin surface. In group I, 5th generation dentin bonding system excite was used and in group 2, Prompt-L-pop, a self-etching primer was used. Both the dentin bonding agents were placed on the flat dentinal surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cylinders of composite resin were built on the prepared surface using Teflon mold. The prepared specimen were then embedded on an acrylic jig of suitable dimension and transferred to Instron machine for shear bond strength analysis. Shear bond strengths were measured at a cross head speed of 0.03 mm/sec.How to cite this articleBawa S, Hegde MN. Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of a Total Etch Adhesive with a Self-Etching Primer on an Endodontically Treated Teeth. World J Dent 2012;3(3):247-249.
The Court of Justice of the EU and the Common European Asylum System: Entering the Third Phase of Harmonisation?
Authors: Zarevac Samuel Boutruche 
Published: October 2012

Abstract‘That assessment of the extent of the risk [of persecution] must, in all cases, be carried out with vigilance and care, since what are at issue are issues relating to the integrity of the person and to individual liberties, issues which relate to the fundamental values of the Union.’The case law of the Court of Justice of the EU concerning the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) is still limited. Nonetheless, even this limited case law already offers interesting insights into analysing the potential role of the Court of Justice of the EU in the development of the CEAS, and this jurisprudence is in any event likely to grow significantly, due to the fact that the provisions of the CEAS are the result of a political compromise and so lack clarity. This chapter examines the ruling delivered by the Court in the case of Elgafaji, which contains certain elements which address the interpretative difficulties raised by Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive, and goes on to consider, through a discussion of the recent ruling in Abdulla, the extent to which the Court’s interpretation of those provisions of the CEAS which replicate the wording of the 1951 Convention will influence the interpretation of this international instrument, and the difficulties presented in this context. The extent of this influence remains to be seen, but it is clear in any event that the Court of Justice is likely to play a major role in the development of the CEAS. One amendment which may prove necessary is the modification of the Court of Justice’s procedural rules such that it can take into account the views of third-party organisations with a special expertise in this field.
The Shaky Legal Foundations for Institutional Action under the Employment, Lisbon and EU2020 Strategies
Authors: Barnard Catherine 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis chapter considers the legal foundations for the EU institutions to act in the context of the Lisbon and EU2020 Strategies, including the EES (the Luxembourg European Employment Strategy). It begins by examining the formal structure provided by the Treaties for these processes and the legal basis for the resulting measures, focusing on the social strand of the three strategies. The chapter then examines the documents resulting from these strategies to see whether a legal basis is specified and, if so, what. These data are used to conclude that, outside the context of the EES, there is a remarkable absence of any express legal basis for particular EU institutions to act. Nevertheless, the European Council has assumed a pre-eminent role, pushing forward these strategies even in the absence of express competence to do so. The legitimacy of this mode of decision-making is then considered, particularly in the light of the changes introduced by the Lisbon Treaty.
Private Party Liability in EU Law: In Search of the General Regime
Authors: Leczykiewicz Dorota 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe emergence of private party liability in damages is EU law has been much discussed by academics, but it is clear from the case law of the Court of Justice that we do not yet have a principle of private party liability analogous to the principle of Member State liability. This chapter examines under what conditions it would be justified to claim that there was indeed a general principle of private party liability in EU law. Furthermore, the chapter explains that the introduction of the general principle of private party liability would require a thorough clarification of some of the most fundamental, yet still unclear, concepts of EU law, such as direct effect, the horizontal applicability of EU norms and the principle of effective judicial protection. It is argued that the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice to introduce a general regime of private party liability in damages is not without controversy and that the judicial creation of the principle will be legitimate only if adequate normative justification is provided for its presence in EU law. In this respect, it has to be recognised that EU competition law is not an adequate legal setting for the general regime to be born, because it does not bring to light tensions arising in other contexts.
The Responsibility of Judges in France
Authors: Canivet Guy 
Published: October 2012

In the mountains of Kashmir lived a Sultan, the Sultan of Salamandragore, so concerned that the laws he had prescribed were strictly observed that he found good reasons for his judges to condemn all his subjects to death, and to have them dispatched by his executioner. Deprived of sleep by remorse and haunted by his victims, he blamed his judges, and had them decapitated in their turn.Thus begins a cruel Oriental tale, freely adapted in a poem by Jacques Prévert, which is, it seems to me, quite a good illustration of the paradox of the judge’s responsibility comparing the extraordinary nature of their power to their relationship to politics. Nevertheless, from this point of view, there is indeed in France a question, that is to say a democratic debate, a conflict of opinion generally perceived to be the result of the growing role of law in the regulation of social relationships and the increasing power of judges in the private domain as well as in the public, economic and social spheres.
Dyspnea assessment and pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic sclerosis: Utility of the University of California, San Diego, Shortness of Breath Questionnaire
Authors: Chung Lorinda , Chen Hubert , Khanna Dinesh , Steen Virginia D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe University of California in San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (UCSD SOBQ) has been used to assess dyspnea‐related activity limitation in patients with airway and parenchymal lung disease. We sought to assess the construct validity and responsiveness of the UCSD SOBQ in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) patients with incident pulmonary hypertension (PH) and those at high risk of developing PH.MethodsWe used data from 179 patients enrolled in the Pulmonary Hypertension Assessment and Recognition of Outcomes in Scleroderma Registry with pre‐PH (defined by criteria on pulmonary function tests and/or echocardiogram) or definite PH with mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg by right‐sided heart catheterization within 6 months of enrollment. For this analysis, we included those subjects with complete data for self‐reported measures at baseline and at 12 months.ResultsAt baseline, the UCSD SOBQ had strong correlations in the expected direction with the disability index (DI) of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001), dyspnea assessment by visual analog scale (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001), and the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) health survey physical component summary (PCS) score (r = −0.77, P < 0.0001), as well as a moderate correlation with the 6‐minute walk test distance (r = −0.33, P < 0.0001), Borg dyspnea score (r = 0.47, P < 0.0001), and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (r = −0.33, P < 0.0001). Change in the UCSD SOBQ at 12 months correlated in the expected direction with change in the HAQ DI (r = 0.54, P < 0.0001) and change in the SF‐36 PCS (r = −0.44, P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, and race identified male sex as a significant predictor of death (odds ratio [OR] 7.00, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.55–31.76), while the UCSD SOBQ showed a strong trend toward significance (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.97–3.41).ConclusionsThe UCSD SOBQ demonstrates good construct validity and responsiveness to change in SSc patients with pulmonary vascular disease.
Leflunomide in psoriatic arthritis: Results from a large European prospective observational study
Authors: Behrens Frank , Finkenwirth Christoph , Pavelka Karel , S̆tolfa Jiří , S̆ipek‐Dolnicar Alenka , Thaçi Diamant , Burkhardt Harald 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the “real‐world” clinical effectiveness and safety of leflunomide in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).MethodsThis prospective, multinational 24‐week observational study involved adult patients with active PsA who initiated treatment with leflunomide. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. The primary outcome was response as assessed by the Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC) in patients with pre‐ and posttreatment data. A modified PsARC response analysis included patients with joint counts, but no severity scores. Other effectiveness evaluations included global assessments, fatigue, pain, skin disease, dactylitis, and nail lesions. All patients were evaluated for safety.ResultsA total of 514 patients were enrolled in this study (mean age 50.7 years, mean disease duration 6.1 years). In the primary effectiveness analysis, 380 (86.4%) of 440 patients (95% confidence interval 82.8%–89.4%) achieved a PsARC response at 24 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in tender and swollen joint scores and counts, patient and physician global assessments, fatigue, pain, skin disease, dactylitis, and nail lesions. The discontinuation rate was 12.3%. Ninety‐eight adverse drug reactions occurred in 62 (12.1%) patients; 3 drug reactions were serious (2 increased liver enzymes, 1 hypertensive crisis).ConclusionLeflunomide is an effective and well‐tolerated option for PsA in daily clinical practice, with beneficial effects on peripheral arthritis and on other PsA manifestations, including pain, fatigue, dactylitis, and skin disease.
Thermoluminescence characterization of Dy3+‐activated Mg5(BO3)3F low Zeff phosphor
Authors: Wani Javaid A. , Dhoble N.S. , Dhoble S.J. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThermoluminescence characteristics of Dy3+‐activated Mg5(BO3)3F low Zeff phosphor are described. The Mg5(BO3)3F phosphor doped with Dy3+ as activator was prepared by the modified solid‐state reaction. Formation of the compound was confirmed by use of X‐ray powder diffraction. The X‐ray powder diffraction pattern of the as‐prepared compound shows a good match with the available JCPDS data. The γ‐irradiated Mg5(BO3)3F:Dy3+ phosphor shows a simple glow curve peaking at about 148°C indicating that only one type of trap is being activated within a particular temperature range. The kinetic parameters, including activation energy and frequency factor were determined using Chen's method. The activation energy and frequency factors were 0.75 eV and 4.508 × 109/s respectively. The Zeff of Mg5(BO3)3F:Dy3+ phosphor was 9.84. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical markers for bitterness in wheat bread
Authors: Bin Qing , Jiang Deshou , Cho In Hee , Peterson Devin G. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe manufacture of high‐quality whole‐grain products is challenged by poor flavour attributes, such as excessive bitterness. In a recent study our group characterized eight compounds that contributed to the bitterness of a whole‐wheat bread sample. The goal of this study was to investigate the chemical profile of these bitter compounds in relation to the perceived bitterness of four commercial whole wheat breads and one refined wheat bread. Highly significant correlations (α = 0.01) were observed between the perceived bitterness in the crust and the quantity of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (r2 = 0.93) and 2,3‐dihydro‐3,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4(H)‐pyran‐4‐one (r2 = 0.95). In the crumb, the bitterness was correlated with the amount of l‐tryptophan (r2 = 0.91). In summary, both Maillard‐ and fermentation‐derived compounds were identified as potential chemical markers to predict bitterness of whole‐wheat bread. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.