bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic predictors of risk and resilience in psychiatric disorders: A cross‐disorder genome‐wide association study of functional impairment in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
Authors: McGrath Lauren M. , Cornelis Marilyn C. , Lee Phil H. , Robinson Elise B. , Duncan Laramie E. , Barnett Jennifer H. , Huang Jie , Gerber Gloria , Sklar Pamela , Sullivan Patrick , Perlis Roy H. , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFunctional impairment is one of the most enduring, intractable consequences of psychiatric disorders and is both familial and heritable. Previous studies have suggested that variation in functional impairment can be independent of symptom severity. Here we report the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of functional impairment in the context of major mental illness. Participants of European‐American descent (N = 2,246) were included from three large treatment studies of bipolar disorder (STEP‐BD) (N = 765), major depressive disorder (STAR*D) (N = 1091), and schizophrenia (CATIE) (N = 390). At study entry, participants completed the SF‐12, a widely used measure of health‐related quality of life. We performed a GWAS and pathway analysis of the mental and physical components of health‐related quality of life across diagnosis (∼1.6 million single nucleotide polymorphisms), adjusting for psychiatric symptom severity. Psychiatric symptom severity was a significant predictor of functional impairment, but it accounted for less than one‐third of the variance across disorders. After controlling for diagnostic category and symptom severity, the strongest evidence of genetic association was between variants in ADAMTS16 and physical functioning (P = 5.87 × 10−8). Pathway analysis did not indicate significant enrichment after correction for gene clustering and multiple testing. This study illustrates a phenotypic framework for examining genetic contributions to functional impairment across psychiatric disorders. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discussion on the influence of stirring speed on drop size prediction in an oil–water stirring tank using population balance models
Authors: Wang Wei , Cheng Wei , Duan Jimiao , Wang Pengyu , Gong Jing 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn present study, the influence of stirring speeds on the prediction of drop size distribution (DSD) of mineral oil–water dispersion in a lab scale stirring tank is numerically simulated with population balance models. DSD of the oil–water dispersion is online measured and compared. It has been found that a fixed dimensionless power number is insufficient to accurately predict the DSD. Instead, the prediction will match the measurement with reduced dimensionless power number at higher stirring speeds, which infers the influence of stirring Reynolds number on dimensionless power number in the near turbulence regime. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Montmorillonite‐reinforced sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cells
Authors: Hu Zhengwen , He Gaohong , Gu Shuang , Liu Yuanfa , Wu Xuemei 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTTo produce a composite membrane with high conductivity and low permeability, SPPESK with a degree of sulfonation of 101% was carefully selected for the preparation of montmorillonite (MMT)‐reinforced SPPESK using solution intercalation. The fundamental characteristics such as water uptake, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and mechanical properties of the composite membranes were studied. Water uptake is improved when organic MMT (OMMT) loading increase. The composite membranes with CTAB‐MMT loading of 4–0.5% show 0.143–0.150 S cm−1 proton conductivity at 80°C, which approaches the value of Nafion112. In addition, methanol permeability was decreased to 6.29 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 by the addition of 6 wt % OMMT. As a result, the SPPESK‐MMT composite membrane is a good candidate for use in direct methanol fuel cells. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39852.
UV‐activated silicone oligomer cross‐linking through photoacid and photobase organocatalysts
Authors: Chemtob Abraham , De Paz‐Simon Héloïse , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , Rigolet Séverinne 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDiphenyl iodonium hexafluorophosphate salt and N‐alkyl morpholino acetophenone were shown to be effective photocatalyst generators for the cross‐linking of α,ω‐silanol terminated silicone oligomers. These two photoacid and photobase‐induced polycondensation pathways provided an attractive and efficient alternative to toxic and expensive organometallic catalysts. The utility of this novel UV‐curing process was demonstrated with a combination of time‐resolved infrared spectroscopy to follow the fast reaction kinetics and solid‐state 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate the polysiloxane network. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39875.
Windshield recycling focused on effective separation of PVB sheet
Authors: Tupy Michael , Mokrejs Pavel , Merinska Dagmar , Svoboda Petr , Zvonicek Josef 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe study is focused on windshield recycling process resulting in poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) sheets with very low amout of remain glass particles. PVB sheets were obtained from worldwide manufacturer DuPont and then they were laminated by standard autoclaving process. One sample of PVB sheet was modified by multi‐functional organic acid in order to compare various levels of adhesion. Three‐stage technology was proposed for recycling PVB sheets. In the first‐stage laminated safety glass was mechanically cracked. In the second‐stage the adhesion reduction to minimal degree was followed by chemical‐physical assisted separation. It causes self‐release of the glass out of the PVB sheet. The third‐stage was mechanical peeling of the remaining glass from the PVB sheet which completed the recycling process. The optimal process conditions for the most effective delamination process were found. Delamination technology produces PVB sheet with minimal residual glass content (up to 300 ppm) and minimal change in PVB sheet properties. Described recycling technology is ecologically friendly (the effluent is fully recyclable as well) and could reduce the worldwide problem with windshield waste disposal. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39879.
A new method to improve the stability, tensile strength, and heat resistant properties of shape‐memory epoxy resins: Two‐stages curing
Authors: Sun He , Liu Yuyan , Tan Huifeng , Du Xingwen 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we design a new thermal curing method: two‐stage curing. The purpose of using this approach is to maintain the excellent shape‐memory property of epoxy resin system after first stage curing, and the material can be folded in small size to storage or transportation and recovery its original shape commodiously by heating temperature. Then, after second stage curing, the stability, glass transition temperature(Tg), and tensile strength of material can be improved effectively. For this aim, a series of mixtures have been prepared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and fold‐deploy shape‐memory test have been used to characterize the feasibility of two‐stage curing process, curing degree, tensile strength, morphology, thermodynamic properties, and shape‐memory performance of these polymers. DSC results show that two independent curing stages can be achieved successfully. Tensile tests and DMA results suggest that tensile strength and heat resistance have been improved after the second curing stage. SEM results reveal that the addition of latent curing agent do not change the fracture mechanism. Furthermore, the fold‐deploy shape‐memory tests prove that the composites after first stage curing possess eximious shape‐memory property. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39882.
Investigation of membrane preparation condition effect on the PSD and porosity of the membranes using a novel image processing technique
Authors: Sharak Ashkan Zolfaghari , Samimi Armin , Mousavi Seyyed Abbas , Bozarjamhari Ramin Bozorgmehri 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTA totally computerized image processing program package is developed to analyze the SEM images of membrane surface and cross‐section. Pore size distribution and porosity of the fabricated membranes are determined using the proposed image processing procedure. Furthermore, effect of coagulation bath temperature on the morphology and mechanical properties (such as tensile strength, strain break, tensile energy absorbent, and tensile stiffness) of Polysulfone (PSf) membranes are investigated. The results reveal that the mechanical properties are higher when N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) is used as solvent. Also, an increase in the coagulation bath temperature caused a monotonous increase in the mean pore size value of Dimethylformamide (DMF)‐based membranes. However, mean pore size curve has a maximum when NMP is used as solvent. Also, porosity of the fabricated membranes increased when coagulation bath temperature increased. For the NMP‐base membranes, pore's diameter was in the range of 0–5 μm. However, DMF‐based membranes have pore size value of smaller than 1 μm when the precipitation medium is kept at 8°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39899.
Extraction of protein from skim natural rubber latex using PEG as a surfactant via low speed centrifugation and continuous flow
Authors: Danwanichakul Duangkamol , Rattanaphan Ornthana , Srisatjang Jirarat , Danwanichakul Panu 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTProtein extractions from skim natural rubber latex using 3 %w/v polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) via both low speed centrifugation and continuous flow were investigated. In centrifugal extraction, when the speed was 1000 rpm, the extractable protein (EP) content in serum increased with processing time from 5 to 30 min and when the time was fixed at 5 min, EP content increased with centrifugal speed. In addition, further washing deproteinized chips with 2 %w/v SDS solution could remove proteins with efficiencies corresponding to the efficiencies of protein removals in latex phase, implying the role of PEG in protein reduction in both steps. In continuous flow extraction, EP content increased with increasing Reynolds number or increasing mean residence time of the flow to a maximum and then dropped. The efficiencies of the centrifugal extraction and continuous flow extraction were 55.2 and 33.7%, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39900.
Ecology and conservation of grassy wetlands dominated by spiny mud grass Pseudoraphis spinescens in the southern Murray–Darling Basin, Australia
Authors: Colloff Matthew J. , Ward Keith A. , Roberts Jane 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

The distribution, ecosystem functions, conservation status and threatening processes of grassy wetlands are reviewed, with an emphasis on changes in flood regimes, water resource development and land use. The focus of the review is the ecology of spiny mud grass Pseudoraphis spinescens (R.Br.) Vickery, a C4 perennial aquatic grass.
In Australia P. spinescens is a dominant species in grassy wetlands of the southern Murray–Darling Basin, the Wet–Dry Tropics and coastal New South Wales. Adapted to high irradiance and ambient temperatures, and to intermittent inundation for several months’ duration, it is a rapidly growing (> 20 mm d‐1), stoloniferous species, requiring prolonged, deep flooding interspersed with drying to achieve maximum growth and reproduction. Pseudoraphis spinescens can be considered an important species of grassy wetlands, providing food and habitat for waterfowl and other aquatic organisms through high primary productivity and nutrient cycling.
Grassy wetlands in Australia are under threat from altered flood regimes, water resource development, grazing and land‐use change. The provision of flood regimes that most closely match plant‐specific water requirements represents the management action with the best prospect for the conservation of grassy wetlands on regulated rivers.
A basic model for the water regime of P. spinescens grassy wetlands is presented to inform conservation and management, and stressing the need of such wetlands for large areas and rivers with high flow volumes that generate relatively deep prolonged flooding followed by drying out of the floodplain. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the consequences of habitat fragmentation for two migratory salmonid fishes
Authors: Junge Claudia , Museth Jon , Hindar Kjetil , Kraabøl Morten , Vøllestad L. Asbjørn 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTMan‐made barriers such as dams affect the movement of aquatic species, reducing gene flow and genetic variability. Such encroachments may also lead to selective changes in life history and behaviour. Hydropower construction worldwide has fragmented many previously continuous fish habitats, leading to loss of populations and production. It is therefore important to assess potential impacts on habitats before such developments begin.Here, the potential ecological and evolutionary consequences of planned hydropower development on two migratory salmonid fishes – brown trout (Salmo trutta) and European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) – were assessed, combining telemetry with population genetics. Almost 200 fish were radio‐tagged and tracked weekly between March and November. Using microsatellite markers, the genetic population structure was assessed and the number of migrants among different river sections identified for both species.Overall, both species displayed extensive within‐ and between‐river movement, with larger home ranges in grayling than in trout. Regular movements between distinct spawning, feeding and wintering areas were common. These vital habitats were often located within areas of planned hydropower development.Both species exhibited significant population genetic structuring within the study area, with waterfalls acting as impassable barriers to upstream gene flow for grayling. The structuring was more developed for trout than for grayling. However, downstream gene flow was common, resulting in a highly admixed trout population below a waterfall.The large‐scale movement patterns and extensive connectivity of the system indicate that habitat fragmentation and changes in water flow will adversely affect both species, but most strongly the trout. The reduction in water flow over large and productive stretches of the river might select for less migratory genotypes in both species. The loss of particular genotypes may reduce the biocomplexity of the system and overall population resilience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biosorption and biotransformation of fluoranthene by the white‐rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii F032
Authors: Hadibarata Tony , Kristanti Risky Ayu , Hamdzah Myzairah 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMajor concern about the presence of fluoranthene, which consists of four fused benzene rings, in the environment has been raised in the past few years due to its toxic, mutagenic, and persistent organic pollutant properties. In this study, we investigated the removal of fluoranthene under static and agitated conditions. About 89% fluoranthene was removed within 30 days under the agitated condition, whereas under the static condition, only 54% fluoranthene was removed. We further investigated the behavior and mechanism of fluoranthene biosorption and biotransformation by Pleurotus eryngii F032 to accelerate the elimination of fluoranthene. The optimum conditions for the elimination of fluoranthene by P. eryngii F032 included a temperature of 35 °C, pH 3, 0.2% inoculum concentration, and a C/N ratio of 16. Under these conditions at the initial fluoranthene concentration of 10 mg/L, more than 95% of fluoranthene was successfully removed within 30 days. Of those factors influencing the biodegradation of fluoranthene, salinity, glucose, and rhamnolipid content were of the greatest importance. Degradation metabolites identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were 1‐naphthalenecarboxylic acid and salicylic acid, suggesting possible metabolic pathways. Finally, it can be presumed that the major mechanism of fluoranthene elimination by white‐rot fungi is to mineralize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via biotransformation enzymes like laccase.
Chemical and ultrastructural studies of lignocellulose biodegradation during Agaricus bisporus cultivation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wang Hexiang , Liu Qinghong , Ng TziBun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDuring Agaricus bisporus cultivation, lignocellulose degradation is the result of the activity of both the mushroom and microbial communities developed during the composting. To investigate the lignocellulose degradation in detail from the beginning to the end of the process, the functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin have been studied with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the morphological changes of lignocelluloses were elucidated with scanning electron microscopy. The aperture of lignin and cellulose increased to enable the mycelia of A. bisporus to penetrate into the medium and to degrade lignocelluloses in a more direct way. The chemical structure changes implied a preferential use of lignin that could make for better use of cellulose to boost growth of A. bisporus. Changes in chemical structure together with ultrastructural changes induced by the microbial flora during cultivation substrate production by the composting substrate are important in promoting the utilization of lignocelluloses by A. bisporus.
Tumour supressor secreted frizzled related protein 1 regulates p53‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Gauger Kelly J. , Schneider Sallie S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe most frequently occurring cancer in women, and the second leading cause of cancer death among women, is breast cancer. Cancer results from cellular mutations that enhance proliferation and decrease programmed cell death (apoptosis). Secreted frizzled‐related proteins (SFRPs) are a family of proteins known for their ability to negatively modulate the Wnt signalling cascade. SFRP1 expression is lost in a multitude of cancers, including breast cancer, and SFRP1 down regulation reduces apoptosis in vitro but the mechanisms remain unclear, as also the effect ofSfrp1deficiency on apoptosis on mammary epithelial cells in vivo. Our data show that mammary glands fromSfrp1−/−mice express significantly lessBcl2l11(Bim) andBaxmRNA in response to DNA damage. The effect ofSfrp1loss in reducing γ‐irradiation induced apoptosis was examined by TUNEL staining and cleaved‐caspase‐3 immunostaining. The findings show thatSfrp1−/−mice have less DNA fragmentation, whilst caspase‐3 expression is decreased, and that p53 expression is generally diminished. Recombinant SFRP1 could replace endogenous expression and elevate the levels of pro‐apoptotic and p53‐mediated gene expression(Bcl2l,Bax,Cdkn1aandBbc3) in mammary epithelial cells derived fromSfrp1−/−mice. Thus Sfrp1 plays an important role in mediating mammary epithelial apoptotic response to DNA damage in vivo. The role SFRP1 plays in p53 target gene expression was also noted, which suggests that this pathway may be worth exploiting for novel therapies.
Low profile vascular plugs for paravalvular leaks after TAVR
Authors: Feldman Ted , Salinger Michael H. , Levisay Justin P. , Smart Steven 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundParavalvular leak (PVL) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with less good outcomes. The use of percutaneous plugs is among the strategies to treat PVL after TAVR. Plugs have been limited by the need to pass 4–6 F delivery sheaths between the TAVR stent frame and the native valve leaflets.MethodsThe study population consists of six patients who had at least moderate aortic insufficiency (AI), and also developed symptoms of heart failure after TAVR. We describe in detail the use of low profile vascular plugs that require crossing the leaks with only a 4 F diagnostic catheter.ResultsLow profile vascular plugs were successfully deployed in all six patients without significant complications. Fluoroscopy time ranged 16.7–69.4 min (44.8 ± 18.8 min). Contrast volume ranged 15–100 mL (45 ± 34 mL). One plug was used in five, and two adjacent plus in one case. AI severity was reduced from moderate or severe to mild or less in four patients, from severe to moderate in one, and in one, there was no change. Five of six patients were treated electively and were significantly improved in terms of both echocardiographic PVL and also symptoms. The one who did not have echocardiographic improvement did not improve clinically and expired one month later.ConclusionsPVL closure can be consistently accomplished after TAVR with low profile vascular plugs. Careful analysis of PVL location on echo before closure greatly facilitates finding the fluoroscopic location of the leak. Decreases in PVL severity are associated with significant clinical improvement. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute anterior myocardial infarction: Results from the INFUSE‐AMI study
Authors: Sanidas Elias A. , Brener Sorin J. , Maehara Akiko , Généreux Philippe , Witzenbichler Bernhard , El‐Omar Magdi , Fahy Martin , Mehran Roxana , Gibson C. Michael , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical, angiographic, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) results in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).BackgroundDM has been associated with increased mortality in patients with STEMI, yet the mechanisms underpinning this association have not been completely elucidated.MethodsOverall, 451 patients (51 diabetics) from the INFUSE‐AMI trial were studied. They presented with an anterior STEMI due to an occluded left anterior descending artery (LAD) and underwent bivalirudin‐supported primary PCI with or without intralesion abciximab and with or without thrombus aspiration. Angiographic baseline and post‐procedure parameters, cMRI at 30 days, and clinical follow‐up at 30 days and at 1 year were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.ResultsPatients with DM had significantly more comorbidities and more extensive LAD disease than nondiabetics. Primary PCI was equally effective in restoring coronary flow in both groups and the infarct size at 30 days was similar (14.3% [7.1, 24.5] vs. 17.3% [8.1, 23.6], respectively, P = 0.55). Diabetic patients had more major cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events at 1 year (16.5% vs. 8.0%, P = 0.04). Stent thrombosis within 30 days after primary PCI was higher in diabetic than in nondiabetic subjects (4.3% vs. 0.8%, P = 0.03).ConclusionsPatients with DM presenting with STEMI had a higher baseline risk profile than those without DM. Although reperfusion success and infarct size were similar, diabetic patients experienced more death, reinfarction, stent thrombosis, and revascularization than nondiabetics. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.