bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sci—Thur PM: Planning & Delivery — 06: Real‐Time Interactive Treatment Planning
Authors: Matthews Q , Mestrovic A , Otto K 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:To describe and evaluate a novel system for generalized Real‐Time Interactive Planning (RTIP) applied to head & neck (H&N) VMAT. Methods: The clinician interactively manipulates dose distributions using DVHs, isodoses, or rate of dose fall‐off, which may be subjected to user‐defined constraints. Dose is calculated using a fast Achievable Dose Estimate (ADE) algorithm, which simulates the limits of what can be achieved during treatment. After each manipulation contributing fluence elements are modified and the dose distribution updates in effectively real‐time. For H&N VMAT planning, structure sets for 11 patients were imported into RTIP. Each dose distribution was interactively modified to minimize OAR dose while constraining target DVHs. The resulting RTIP DVHs were transferred to the Eclipse™ VMAT optimizer, and conventional VMAT optimization was performed.Results:Dose calculation and update times for the ADE algorithm ranged from 2.4 to 22.6 milliseconds, thus facilitating effectively real‐time manipulation of dose distributions. For each of the 11 H&N VMAT cases, the RTIP process took ∼2–10 minutes. All RTIP plans exhibited acceptable PTV coverage, mean dose, and max dose. 10 of 11 RTIP plans achieved substantially improved sparing of one or more OARs without compromising dose to targets or other OARs. Importantly, 10 of the 11 RTIP plans required only one or two post‐RTIP optimizations.Conclusions:RTIP is a novel system for manipulating and updating achievable dose distributions in real‐time. H&N VMAT plans generated using RTIP demonstrate improved OAR sparing and planning efficiency.Disclosures:One author has a commercial interest in the presented materials.
The prognostic value of cardiac dysfunction assessed by bedside echocardiography in critically ill patients with COPD requiring mechanical ventilation: a study protocol
Authors: Zhang Zhongheng , Chen Lin , Chen Kun , Ni Hongying 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionChronic obstructive lung disease is not only a major cause of morbidity and mortality, but is also the major reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Cardiac function is often impaired in this disease, but its association with clinical outcome has not been fully established.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective observational study conducted in a 47-bed mixed ICU of a tertiary academic teaching hospital. The study will be performed from January 2014 to December 2015. All patients meeting the diagnostic criteria of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and admitted to the ICU are potentially eligible for the present study. The relevant demographics and laboratory measurements have been obtained. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed immediately after ICU admission by experienced intensivists. The Cox proportional hazard regression model has been fitted by using a stepwise forward selection and backward elimination technique. If linear assumption is not satisfied, the linear spline function will be used.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Jinhua municipal central hospital. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with the worldwide medical community.Trial registration numberThe study protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02099279).
Chapter 8 The NW Iberian continental shelf
Authors: Rey D. , Álvarez-Iglesias P. , Araújo M. F. , Bernabeu A. M. , Comas M. , DeCastro M. , Druet M. , Ferreira da Silva E. , Ferrín A. , Gesteira M. , Martins V. , Mohamed K. J. , Rubio B. , Vilas F. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The continental shelf of NW Iberia is of particular interest due to the complex North Atlantic rifting tectonics and modern oceanographic processes that led to its current geomorphological configuration and sediment dynamics. The shelf forms a narrow slow-dipping north-bearing geomorphological structure with a well-defined shelf break located at water depths of 160–180 m. It is a continental margin with sedimentation rates of about 1.5±2.0 mm a
−1
(the highest values in recent bottom sediments of the ría) subjected to a highly energetic seasonal regime of waves and tides, seasonal upwelling and coast-parallel currents, significantly modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Sediment provenance is dominated by inputs of continental sediments via runoff and riverine discharges and, to a lesser extent, by an upwelling-enhanced bioclastic input. Present-day sedimentation in the area occurs closely associated with two geomorphologically distinct sedimentary environments: the rías inner shelf sedimentary systems and the open continental shelf, and their subsequent evolution since the last glacial.
Anticyclic Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Are Implicated in the Development of Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Barbarroja Nuria , Pérez-Sanchez Carlos , Ruiz-Limon Patricia , Castro-Villegas Carmen , Aguirre Maria Angeles , Carretero Rosario , Segui Pedro , Jimenez-Gomez Yolanda , Sanna Manuela , Rodriguez-Ariza Antonio , Collantes-Estevez Eduardo , Escudero Alejandro , López-Pedrera Chary 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
Previous studies have suggested a relationship between anticyclic citrullinated protein (CCP) levels and development of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, a limited number of studies have demonstrated an involvement of anti-CCPs in those processes. This study was aimed to define the specific role of these auto-antibodies in the pro-oxidative, inflammatory, and proatherogenic profile observed in leukocytes from RA patients.

Approach and Results—
Seventy-five RA patients and 31 healthy donors were enrolled. Carotid intima media thickness was evaluated as atherosclerosis marker. Several procoagulant and inflammatory factors, leukocyte activation, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed in plasma and leukocyte subsets. Anti-CCPs were purified from plasma of RA patients, and in vitro treatment of healthy leukocytes was conducted. High titers of anti-CCPs were associated to altered expression of prothrombotic and inflammatory markers, high oxidative stress, and pathological carotid intima media thickness in RA patients. Notably, gene expression analysis showed that lymphocytes were major players in altered inflammatory profile, monocytes were responsible for the protrombotic and atherogenic status, and neutrophils mainly displayed a pro-oxidative feature. In vitro treatment with purified anti-CCPs fully recapitulated that pathogenic profile, promoting the activation of leukocytes.

Conclusions—
Anti-CCPs are key players in the inflammatory and proatherogenic status of RA patients. The effects are specific of the immune cell targeted, promoting overexpression of thrombotic, inflammatory, and pro-oxidative markers in monocytes; pro-oxidative status in neutrophils; and proinflammatory profile in lymphocytes. Targeting these autoantibodies would be an excellent strategy to prevent the development of cardiovascular disease in RA.
The Second Known Species of the Recently Described Genus Keraunea (Convolvulaceae)
Authors: Lombardi Julio Antonio 
Published: September 2014

This paper describes Keraunea capixaba, the second known species of Keraunea (Convolvulaceae), native to the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. It is easily distinguished from the only other known species of the genus by its almost complete hairlessness, bigger calyx and corolla lobes, longer corolla tube, and inflorescence type.
Sensitivity of the Amundsen Sea Low to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Authors: Fogt Ryan L. , Zbacnik Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Dramatic sea ice loss in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas and regional warming in West Antarctica and the Antarctica Peninsula have been observed over the last few decades. Both of these changes are strongly influenced by the presence of the Amundsen Sea low (ASL), a climatological region of low pressure in the Amundsen Sea. Studies have demonstrated a deepening of the ASL, particularly in austral spring and to a lesser extent autumn, the former related to decreases in the underlying cyclone central pressures and the latter previously suggested to be due to stratospheric ozone depletion.
This study further investigates the sensitivity of the ASL to stratospheric ozone depletion using geopotential height from a suite of chemistry–climate models (CCMs) as well as historical simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Overall, both model types capture the mean characteristics of the ASL, although they have notable positive height biases at 850 hPa and a subdued seasonal cycle in its longitudinal position. Comparing across model simulations, it is observed that there is a pronounced influence of stratospheric ozone depletion in the vicinity of the ASL in the stratosphere through the lower troposphere during austral summer, consistent with the positive phase of the southern annular mode. In the autumn, the authors note a weaker, secondary influence of stratospheric ozone depletion on the ASL only in the CMIP5 simulations.
A General Numerical Method for Analyzing the Linear Stability of Stratified Parallel Shear Flows
Authors: Rees Tim , Monahan Adam 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe stability analysis of stratified parallel shear flows is fundamental to investigations of the onset of turbulence in atmospheric and oceanic datasets. The stability analysis is performed by considering the behavior of small-amplitude waves, which is governed by the Taylor–Goldstein (TG) equation. The TG equation is a singular second-order eigenvalue problem, whose solutions, for all but the simplest background stratification and shear profiles, must be computed numerically. Accurate numerical solutions require that particular care be taken in the vicinity of critical layers resulting from the singular nature of the equation. Here a numerical method is presented for finding unstable modes of the TG equation, which calculates eigenvalues by combining numerical solutions with analytical approximations across critical layers. The accuracy of this method is assessed by comparison to the small number of stratification and shear profiles for which analytical solutions exist. New stability results from perturbations to some of these profiles are also obtained.
Osteogenesis and Ototoxicity of a Novel Preparation of Autogenous Bone Cement: Implications for Mastoid Obliteration
Authors: Zou Wenting , Chen Xihui 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo study the osteogenesis and ototoxicity of autogenous bone cement.Study DesignA randomized, prospective, controlled animal study.SettingUniversity laboratory.Subjects and MethodsWe created a critical defect on the bulla wall of guinea pigs. Fifty‐three guinea pigs were divided into 3 groups. The defects were filled with autogenous bone cement (ABC) or autogenous bone dust (ABD) on the left side while the contralateral sides were kept intact as the blank control (BC) group or a defect was induced without obliteration as the operation control (OC) group (groups 1 and 2, n = 25 each). The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Group 3 (n = 3) was the ototoxicity positive control (OPC) group. The critical defects were evaluated for bone repair by histologic observation and computed tomography (CT), and the ototoxicity of the material was assessed by measuring shifts in the hearing threshold and changes in cochlear morphology. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the material was also performed.ResultsHistologic observation and CT scans revealed complete bone repair in the ABC group at 12 weeks postoperatively, but progress was slower in the ABD group. The hearing threshold and cochlear morphology did not differ significantly between the preoperative and 12‐week postoperative measurement. Autogenous bone dust inhibited some of the bacterial species commonly associated with chronic suppurative otitis media.ConclusionsAnimals treated with ABC exhibited osteogenesis, with no ototoxicity and bacteriostasis compared with the use of ABD.
Attachment representations in late-adopted children: the use of narrative in the assessment of disorganisation, mentalising and coherence of mind
Authors: Pace Cecilia Serena , Cavanna Donatella , Velotti Patrizia , Cesare Zavattini Giulio 
Published: September 2014

Late-adopted children have often suffered a wide range of deprivations in their pre-adoption lives. These early adverse experiences can have a negative effect on children’s attachment representations even after they have been adopted. This study assesses the attachment representations of 61 late-adopted children over the first year of placement, exploring the risk and protective factors of age at placement, length of adoption and gender. The attachment representations were captured using the Manchester Completion Attachment Story Task (MCAST), a doll-play narrative that provides four different attachment classifications – secure, avoidant, ambivalent and disorganised – and three global scorings for disorganisation, mentalising and coherence of mind. The age of adoption was negatively associated with disorganisation, while length of placement was positively correlated with mentalising. Males seemed to be more vulnerable to insecurity and disorganisation than females. The data also suggested that for children placed after the attachment-sensitive phase, the longer the time spent in the adoptive families and being female were protective factors. Moreover, attachment narratives seemed to be a useful tool to explore the inner world of late-adopted children from the first year of placement.
Clearance of PML/RARA-bound promoters suffice to initiate APL differentiation
Authors: Vitaliano-Prunier Adeline , Halftermeyer Juliane , Ablain Julien , de Reynies Aurélien , Peres Laurent , Le Bras Morgane , Metzger Daniel , de Thé Hugues 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
PML/RARA loss or detachment from target promoters suffices to differentiate APL cells. PML/RARA degradation by arsenic thus explains arsenic-induced differentiation.
Combining magnetic nanoparticle with biotinylated nanobodies for rapid and sensitive detection of influenza H3N2
Authors: Zhu Min , Hu Yonghong , Li Guirong , Ou Weijun , Mao Panyong , Xin Shaojie , Wan Yakun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Our objective is to develop a rapid and sensitive assay based on magnetic beads to detect the concentration of influenza H3N2. The possibility of using variable domain heavy-chain antibodies (nanobody) as diagnostic tools for influenza H3N2 was investigated. A healthy camel was immunized with inactivated influenza H3N2. A nanobody library of 8 × 108 clones was constructed and phage displayed. After three successive biopanning steps, H3N2-specific nanobodies were successfully isolated, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. Sequence analysis of the nanobodies revealed that we possessed four classes of nanobodies against H3N2. Two nanobodies were further used to prepare our rapid diagnostic kit. Biotinylated nanobody was effectively immobilized onto the surface of streptavidin magnetic beads. The modified magnetic beads with nanobody capture specifically influenza H3N2 and can still be recognized by nanobodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugates. Under optimized conditions, the present immunoassay exhibited a relatively high sensitive detection with a limit of 50 ng/mL. In conclusion, by combining magnetic beads with specific nanobodies, this assay provides a promising influenza detection assay to develop a potential rapid, sensitive, and low-cost diagnostic tool to screen for influenza infections.
Early versus delayed administration of norepinephrine in patients with septic shock
Authors: Bai Xiaowu , Yu Wenkui , Ji Wu , Lin Zhiliang , Tan Shanjun , Duan Kaipeng , Dong Yi , Xu Lin , Li Ning 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
This study investigated the incidence of delayed norepinephrine administration following the onset of septic shock and its effect on hospital mortality.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 213 adult septic shock patients treated at two general surgical intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital over a two year period. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality.

Results
The 28-day mortality was 37.6% overall. Among the 213 patients, a strong relationship between delayed initial norepinephrine administration and 28-day mortality was noted. The average time to initial norepinephrine administration was 3.1 ± 2.5 hours. Every 1-hour delay in norepinephrine initiation during the first 6 hours after septic shock onset was associated with a 5.3% increase in mortality. Twenty-eight day mortality rates were significantly higher when norepinephrine administration was started more than or equal to 2 hours after septic shock onset (Late-NE) compared to less than 2 hours (Early-NE). Mean arterial pressures at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after septic shock onset were significantly higher and serum lactate levels at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours were significantly lower in the Early-NE than the Late-NE group. The duration of hypotension and norepinephrine administration was significantly shorter and the quantity of norepinephrine administered in a 24-hour period was significantly less for the Early-NE group compared to the Late-NE group. The time to initial antimicrobial treatment was not significantly different between the Early-NE and Late-NE groups.

Conclusion
Our results show that early administration of norepinephrine in septic shock patients is associated with an increased survival rate.
Intravenous angiotensin II for the treatment of high-output shock (ATHOS trial): a pilot study
Authors: Chawla Lakhmir S , Busse Laurence , Brasha-Mitchell Ermira , Davison Danielle , Honiq Jacqueline , Alotaibi Ziyad , Seneff Michael G 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Patients with distributive shock who require high dose vasopressors have a high mortality. Angiotensin II (ATII) may prove useful in patients who remain hypotensive despite catecholamine and vasopressin therapy. The appropriate dose of parenteral angiotensin II for shock is unknown.

Methods
In total, 20 patients with distributive shock and a cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score of 4 were randomized to either ATII infusion (N =10) or placebo (N =10) plus standard of care. ATII was started at a dose of 20 ng/kg/min, and titrated for a goal of maintaining a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65 mmHg. The infusion (either ATII or placebo) was continued for 6 hours then titrated off. The primary endpoint was the effect of ATII on the standing dose of norepinephrine required to maintain a MAP of 65 mmHg.

Results
ATII resulted in marked reduction in norepinephrine dosing in all patients. The mean hour 1 norepinephrine dose for the placebo cohort was 27.6 ± 29.3 mcg/min versus 7.4 ± 12.4 mcg/min for the ATII cohort (P =0.06). The most common adverse event attributable to ATII was hypertension, which occurred in 20% of patients receiving ATII. 30-day mortality for the ATII cohort and the placebo cohort was similar (50% versus 60%, P =1.00).

Conclusion
Angiotensin II is an effective rescue vasopressor agent in patients with distributive shock requiring multiple vasopressors. The initial dose range of ATII that appears to be appropriate for patients with distributive shock is 2 to 10 ng/kg/min.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01393782. Registered 12 July 2011.
Polygenic in vivovalidation of cancer mutations using transposons
Authors: Chew Su Kit , Lu Dong , Campos Lia S , Scott Kenneth L , Saci Abdel , Wang Juexuan , Collinson Adam , Raine Keiran , Hinton Jonathan , Teague Jon W , Jones David , Menzies Andrew , Butler Adam P , Gamble John , O’Meara Sarah , McLaren Stuart , Chin Lynda , Liu Pentao , Futreal P Andrew 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe in vivo validation of cancer mutations and genes identified in cancer genomics is resource-intensive because of the low throughput of animal experiments. We describe a mouse model that allows multiple cancer mutations to be validated in each animal line. Animal lines are generated with multiple candidate cancer mutations using transposons. The candidate cancer genes are tagged and randomly expressed in somatic cells, allowing easy identification of the cancer genes involved in the generated tumours. This system presents a useful, generalised and efficient means for animal validation of cancer genes.
Students’ Graphic Training Quality in Technical High Educational Institutions According to Current State of Design Documentation’s Uniform System
Authors: Столбова  , Stolbova I. , Шахова  , Shakhova A. 
Published: September 2014

Questions related to introduction of USDD standards’
changes in educational process are considered. Interstate standards
establish uniform requirements for computer design development.
Importance of concepts related to electronic model of a product
and a detail is noted.
Microsatellite variation of Quercus aquifolioides populations at varying altitudes in the Wolong Natural Reserve of China
Authors: Zhang Xuejiang , Korpelainen Helena , Li Chunyang 
Published: September 2014

Genetic variation and differentiation were investigated among five natural populations of Quercus aquifolioides occurring along an altitudinal gradient that varied from 2000 to 3600Â m above sea level in the Wolong Natural Reserve of China, by analyzing variation at six microsatellite loci. The results showed that the populations were characterized by relatively high intra-population variation with the average number of alleles equaling 11.33 per locus and the average expected heterozygosity (H) being 0.779. The amount of genetic variation varied only little among populations, which suggests that the influence of altitude factors on microsatellite variation is limited. However, there is a significantly positive correlation between altitude and the number of low-frequency alleles (R =â0.97, Pâ<â0.01), which indicates that Q. aquifolioides from high altitudes has more unique variation, possibly enabling adaptation to severe conditions. F statistics showed the presence of a slight deficiency of heterozygosity (F =â0.136) and a low level of differentiation among populations (F =â0.066). The result of the cluster analysis demonstrated that the grouping of populations does not correspond to the altitude of the populations. Based on the available data, it is likely that the selective forces related to altitude are not strong enough to significantly differentiate the populations of Q. aquifolioides in terms of microsatellite variation.E2ISST
Field performance of hybrid aspen clones planted in summer
Authors: Luoranen Jaana , Lappi Juha , Zhang Gang , Smolander Heikki 
Published: September 2014

We investigated the possibility to plant clonal hybrid aspen (Populus tremulaÂ xÂ tremuloides) during the summer of propagation when the plants are 20â25 cm tall and only a few months old. In four experiments carried out in years 1998â2001, survival of summer-planted hybrid aspens was at least as high as that of hybrid aspen planted in autumn and spring. In all experiments, compared to planting in September or the following May, height growth was greater with planting in July and early August. Root egress of hybrid aspens planted in July and August was also greater than that of aspens planted in autumn or the following spring. Summer planting was thus possible both with plants produced by micropropagation and with those produced from root cuttings.
Arithmetic in the fundamental group of ap-adic curve. On thep-adic section conjecture for curves
Authors: Pop Florian , Stix Jakob 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe establish a valuative version of Grothendieck’s section conjecture for curves overp-adic local fields. The image of every section is contained in the decomposition subgroup of a valuation which prolongs thep-adic valuation to the function field of the curve.