bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Social Capital and Neighborhood Characteristics on Intimate Partner Violence: A Consideration of Social Resources and Risks
Authors: Kirst Maritt , Lazgare Luis Palma , Zhang Yu Janice , O’Campo Patricia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a growing public health problem, and gaps exist in knowledge with respect to appropriate prevention and treatment strategies. A growing body of research evidence suggests that beyond individual factors (e.g., socio‐economic status, psychological processes, substance abuse problems), neighborhood characteristics, such as neighborhood economic disadvantage, high crime rates, high unemployment and social disorder, are associated with increased risk for IPV. However, existing research in this area has focused primarily on risk factors inherent in neighborhoods, and has failed to adequately examine resources within social networks and neighborhoods that may buffer or prevent the occurrence of IPV. This study examines the effects of neighborhood characteristics, such as economic disadvantage and disorder, and individual and neighborhood resources, such as social capital, on IPV among a representative sample of 2412 residents of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Using a population based sample of 2412 randomly selected Toronto adults with comprehensive neighborhood level data on a broad set of characteristics, we conducted multi‐level modeling to examine the effects of individual‐ and neighborhood‐level effects on IPV outcomes. We also examined protective factors through a comprehensive operationalization of the concept of social capital, involving neighborhood collective efficacy, community group participation, social network structure and social support. Findings show that residents who were involved in one or more community groups in the last 12 months and had high perceived neighborhood problems were more likely to have experienced physical IPV. Residents who had high perceived social support and low perceived neighborhood problems were less likely to experience non‐physical IPV. These relationships did not differ by neighborhood income or gender. Findings suggest interesting contextual effects of social capital on IPV. Consistent with previous research, higher levels of perceived neighborhood problems can reflect disadvantaged environments that are more challenged in promoting health and regulating disorder, and can create stressors in which IPV is more likely to occur. Such analyses will be helpful to further understanding of the complex, multi‐level pathways related to IPV and to inform the development of effective programs and policies with which to address and prevent this serious public health issue.
1H‐MRS in glutaric aciduria type 1: impact of biochemical phenotype and age on the cerebral accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites
Authors: Harting Inga , Boy Nikolas , Heringer Jana , Seitz Angelika , Bendszus Martin , Pouwels Petra J.W. , Kölker Stefan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) the neurotoxic metabolites glutaric acid (GA) and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid (3‐OH‐GA) accumulate within the brain. Due to limited efflux across the blood–brain‐barrier biochemical monitoring of intracerebrally accumulating toxic metabolites is as yet not possible.AimsTo investigate brain metabolic patterns in glutaric aciduria type 1 using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) with focus on detecting the disease‐related neurotoxic metabolites GA and 3‐OH‐GA.Patients and methodsShort echo time 1H‐MRS was performed in 13 treated metabolically stable patients. Twenty‐one white matter and 16 basal ganglia spectra from 12 patients (age range 7 months – 22 years) were included. Subgroups based on age, biochemical phenotype and/or associated MRI changes were compared with control spectra.ResultsGA was elevated in white matter of patients. 3‐OH‐GA was elevated in white matter of older patients with associated signal changes on MRI, which was structurally characterized by decreased creatine and phosphocreatine (tCr) and elevated choline (Cho). Metabolite changes differed with biochemical phenotype and disease duration: Low excretors with up to 30 % residual enzyme activity had only mildly, non‐significantly elevated GA and mildly subnormal N‐acetylaspartate (tNAA). High excretors with complete lack of enzyme activity had significantly increased GA, tNAA was mildly subnormal in younger and decreased in older high excretors.ConclusionsGA and 3‐OH‐GA are detectable by in vivo 1H‐MRS, which might finally allow biochemical follow‐up monitoring of intracerebrally accumulating neurotoxic metabolites in GA1. A high excreting phenotype appears to be a risk factor for cerebral GA accumulation and progressive neuroaxonal compromise despite a similar clinical course in younger high and low excreting patients. This might have consequences for long‐term outcome.
A population‐based cohort study of stillbirth among twins in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Stringer Elizabeth M. , Chibwesha Carla , Stoner Marie , Vwalika Bellington , Joseph Jessica , Chi Benjamin H. , Kaunda Eugene , Goodnight William , Stringer Jeffrey S.A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine rates of stillbirth and the associated risk factors for stillbirth among twins delivered in Lusaka, Zambia.MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis was conducted of singletons and twins delivered at 26 public sector facilities between February 1, 2006, and May 31, 2013. Data were obtained from the Zambian Electronic Perinatal Record System. Risk of stillbirth was estimated using logistic regression.ResultsOverall, 260 657 singletons and 4021 twin pairs were included. There were 5105 stillbirths; 317 twins were stillborn. The crude stillbirth rate for twins was 39.4 per 1000 births (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.2–43.7) whereas the rate for singletons was 18.4 per 1000 births (95% CI 17.9–18.9; P < 0.001). Factors associated with stillbirth among twins were increased interval between delivery (> 60 minutes), low birth weight (< 2500 g), birth order (being the second‐born), and difference in birth weights (> 30% discordance).ConclusionTwins were at an increased risk of stillbirth. Improved understanding of factors associated with stillbirth in this population could help to improve perinatal outcomes globally.
Plasmonic eigenmodes in individual and bow-tie graphene nanotriangles
Authors: Wang Weihua , Christensen Thomas , Jauho Antti-Pekka , Thygesen Kristian S. , Wubs Martijn , Mortensen N. Asger 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn classical electrodynamics, nanostructured graphene is commonly modeled by the computationally demanding problem of a three-dimensional conducting film of atomic-scale thickness. Here, we propose an efficient alternative two-dimensional electrostatic approach where all calculation procedures are restricted to the graphene sheet. Furthermore, to explore possible quantum effects, we perform tight-binding calculations, adopting a random-phase approximation. We investigate multiple plasmon modes in 20 nm equilateral triangles of graphene, treating the optical response classically as well as quantum mechanically. Compared to the classical plasmonic spectrum which is “blind” to the edge termination, we find that the quantum plasmon frequencies exhibit blueshifts in the case of armchair edge termination of the underlying atomic lattice, while redshifts are found for zigzag edges. Furthermore, we find spectral features in the zigzag case which are associated with electronic edge states not present for armchair termination. Merging pairs of triangles into dimers, plasmon hybridization leads to energy splitting that appears strongest in classical calculations while splitting is lower for armchair edges and even more reduced for zigzag edges. Our various results illustrate a surprising phenomenon: Even 20 nm large graphene structures clearly exhibit quantum plasmonic features due to atomic-scale details in the edge termination.
Depletion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine by overexpression of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in mammalian cells
Authors: Mandal Swati , Mandal Ajeet , Park Myung Hee 
Published: April 2015

The polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine are intimately involved in the regulation of cellular growth and viability. Transduction of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells with an adenovirus encoding a key polyamine catabolic enzyme, spermidine N1-acetyltransferase 1 (SSAT1)/SAT1 (AdSAT1), leads to a rapid depletion of spermidine and spermine, arrest in cell growth and a decline in cell viability. Annexin V/propidium iodide FACS analyses, terminal uridine nucleotide end-labelling (TUNEL) and caspase 3 assays showed a clear indication of apoptosis in AdSAT1-transduced cells (at 24–72 h), but not in cells transduced with GFP-encoding adenovirus (AdGFP). Apoptosis in the polyamine-depleted cells occurs by the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, as evidenced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase in pro-apoptotic Bax, decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl-xl, Bcl2 and Mcl-1 and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, upon transduction with AdSAT1. Moreover, TEM images of AdSAT1-transduced cells revealed morphological changes commonly associated with apoptosis, including cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, mitochondrial alteration, vacuolization and membrane blebbing. The apoptosis appears to result largely from depletion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, as the polyamine analogues α-methylspermidine (α-MeSpd) and N1,N12-dimethylspermine (Me2Spm) that are not substrates for SAT1 could partially restore growth and prevent apoptosis of AdSAT1-transduced cells. Inhibition of polyamine oxidases did not restore the growth of AdSAT1-transduced cells or block apoptosis, suggesting that the growth arrest and apoptosis were not induced by oxidative stress resulting from accelerated polyamine catabolism. Taken together, these data provide strong evidence that the depletion of the polyamines spermidine and spermine leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
Life, Death, and Resurrection: Accounting for State Uncertainty in Survival Estimation from Tagged Grass Carp
Authors: Stich Daniel S. , Jiao Yan , Murphy Brian R. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Information about Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella survival would be useful for improving the management of fish used for aquatic weed control. Reliable methods for estimating annual poststocking survival of Grass Carp from radiotelemetry data do not exist because the fish remain sedentary for prolonged periods between movements, giving the false impression of death, only to be observed alive (i.e., “resurrected”) at a later date. We constructed a state-space, multistate mark–recapture survival model accounting for uncertainty in the live/dead states of tagged Grass Carp in a large (8,500 ha) reservoir, and we estimated monthly and annual survival. Model results were compared with life history-based methods for estimating survival, and survival estimates that were corrected for state misclassification were compared with uncorrected estimates. Corrected estimates of annual survival (mean = 0.23; 95% credible interval [CRI] = 0.15–0.41) contained less bias than uncorrected estimates (0.12; 95% CRI = 0.08–0.18). However, both corrected and uncorrected estimates were substantially lower than the survival expected based on life history theory (mean = 0.69; 95% confidence interval = 0.52–0.78), suggesting that mark–recapture survival estimates for Grass Carp might be negatively biased due to tag shedding, tag-related mortality, or both. Our model effectively reduced bias in monthly and annual survival estimates due to state misclassification, illustrating the potential for application of existing mark–recapture frameworks to estimate Grass Carp survival with telemetry data, despite the behavioral idiosyncrasies of the species. Furthermore, these methods may have application for studies of other animals that undergo periodic quiescence between movements, such as salmonids, ictalurids, and reef fishes. To account for bias resulting from tag loss, future mark–recapture studies of Grass Carp could incorporate tag shedding rates within the framework developed here.
Received July 19, 2014; accepted December 3, 2014
No Effects of Hyperosmolar Culture Medium on Tissue Regeneration by Human Degenerated Nucleus Pulposus Cells Despite Upregulation Extracellular Matrix Genes
Authors: Krouwels Anita , Popov-Celeketic Jelena , Plomp Saskia G.M. , Dhert Wouter J.A. , Öner F. Cumhur , Bank Ruud A. , Creemers Laura B. 
Published: April 2015

Study Design.
An in vitro study using human degenerated nucleus pulposus cells.

Objective.
To determine the effect of osmolality and different osmolytes on the regeneration by human nucleus pulposus cells through gene expression and extracellular matrix production.

Summary of Background Data.
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major problem in developed countries. Regeneration of the IVD can prevent pain and costs due to diminished work absence and health care, and improve quality of life. The osmotic value of a disc decreases during degeneration due to loss of proteoglycans and might increase degeneration. It is known that gene expression of matrix genes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells increases when cultured in hyperosmotic medium. Thus, increasing the osmolality of the disc might be beneficial for disc regeneration.

Methods.
In the current study, isolated degenerated human NP cells were used in regeneration culture with medium of different osmolalities, adjusted with different osmolytes. NaCl, urea and sucrose. The cells were cultured for 28 days and expression of matrix genes and production of glycosaminoglycans and collagen II were measured.

Results.
Gene expression for both collagen II and aggrecan increased with increasing osmolality using NaCl or sucrose, but not urea. Protein production however, was not affected by increasing osmolality and was decreased when using urea and sucrose. Expression of genes for Col1A1, MMP13, and MMP14 decreased with increasing osmolality, whereas expression of LOXL2 and LOXL3 increased. Transient expression of TonEBP was found 6 hours after the start of culture, but not at later time points.

Conclusion.
Although expression of matrix genes is upregulated, hyperosmolality does not enhance matrix production by nucleus pulposus cells. Raising osmolality can potentially increase matrix production, but in itself is not sufficient to accomplish regeneration in the current in vitro culture system.

Level of Evidence: N /A
Alo farm implement company of Sweden: diffusion of innovation in China
Authors: Reed Marlene M. , Leman Gregory 
Published: April 2015

Subject area
Doing business in China

Study level/applicability
This case was developed for us in an undergraduate strategy course at the point in the course when global strategies are discussed. It might also be used in an undergraduate entrepreneurship class when “diffusion of innovation” is being discussed.

Case overview
This case describes the experience of a student consulting team from Baylor University working in China during the summer of 2012. The team was charged with the responsibility of determining an entry mode into China for a farm-implement company in Sweden. The students spent most of the summer in three different locations in China interviewing dairy farmers and equipment dealers to identify the proposed customers for the products and their equipment needs. Their findings led them to the conclusion that Alo, the Swedish farm implement company, would have to alter their mode of entry into the Chinese market to be successful. The decision facing Amanda Sherek, the team leader, was how to structure the team’s report to Alo to help them recognize the need for rethinking the company’s original strategy.

Expected learning outcomes
At the conclusion of the case discussion, students should be able to: list and explain critical findings of the students that should be involved in developing a strategy for Alo; identify the appropriate global strategy for Alo to use in entering China; relate the theory of “Diffusion of Innovation” to Alo’s situation in China; identify whether Alo was contemplating using a production orientation or the marketing concept for its entry into China; and outline a strategic plan for Alo to enter the Chinese dairy farming industry.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
A cost-benefit case for RFID implementation in hospitals: adapting to industry reform
Authors: Roper Kathy O. , Sedehi Arya , Ashuri Baabak 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze a conceptual framework to identify significant benefit and cost attributes of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system for asset tracking in healthcare facilities. Sources of value function for RFID in healthcare are categorized according to major improvement. Several cost functions are proposed to measure aspects of automated tracking implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The four phases of problem definition, literature identification, assessment and analysis were used to begin the research. A cost–benefit analysis (CBA) was completed to identify the factors within healthcare with major benefits, and finally, a recommended group of items were identified to track with the CBA.

Findings
– RFID to manage mobile devices increases the utilization rate, decreases annual spending, allows withdrawal of funds for underutilized assets and establishes confidence that equipment is readily available when needed. These benefits provide improved staff productivity, quicker patient turnover, higher quality of care and more cost savings. Real-time location system technologies allow hospitals to be prepared for emergencies requiring the immediate use of medical devices without delay and allow staff to determine the status, condition and location of essential equipment, leading to a decrease in patient wait time. Additional improvements were also found.

Originality/value
– The transition from pay-for-service to pay-for-performance is taking place in an industry hampered by rising costs and limited available resources. Healthcare expenditures are estimated to grow dramatically, and various factors contribute to rising expenses, including an aging population and increased chronic conditions resulting in higher demand for care, poor quality and operational inefficiencies. Therefore, understanding benefits of new technology use like RFID is critical for improvement and efficiency in healthcare.
Elephants in the room
Authors: Smit Bert , Wood Roy C. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to develop an understanding of the potential for application of facilities management concepts and principles in the context of the “zoo sector”.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is a conceptual one and begins with a narrative designed to provide sufficient background to understanding key issues relevant to the practice of facilities management in zoological and similar institutions, including the implications of conservational/scientific and display imperatives of zoological facilities for facilities management. We then consider how these issues can be worked through in the context of four broad dimensions of facilities management: strategies for the management of stakeholder behaviour (non-human animals, personnel and visitors); building and environmental design (including space usage); safety, security and health; and “miscellaneous” services. The paper concludes by providing a provisional framework for further research into facilities management in the zoo sector.Findings– As a conceptual paper, there are no empirical findings. Conceptually, the paper offers an initial and simple framework for interpreting the possible application of facilities management in zoological and related facilities.Originality/value– In a search of the two principal journals in the field of facilities management, nothing could be found of direct relevance to the management of facilities in zoological and similar organizations. This paper is thus a singular contribution to the field. Conceptually, the authors attribute neglect of the topic to the distinctive traditions in the study of facilities management, which, at the risk of caricature, emphasise either the pre-eminence of a building and building services approach to facilities management, or an approach which is almost exclusively focused on the “human” dimensions to the discipline.
Physical space, culture and organisational creativity – a longitudinal study
Authors: Kallio Tomi J. , Kallio Kirsi-Mari , Blomberg Annika Johanna 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to explore the potential positive effects of the design of a physical organisational environment on the emergence of an organisational culture conducive to organisational creativity.Design/methodology/approach– The study is based on an in-depth, longitudinal case study, the aim being to enhance understanding of how a change in physical space, including location, spatial organisation and architectonic details, supports cultural change.Findings– It is suggested that physical space plays an implicit yet significant role in the emergence of a culture conducive to organisational creativity. It appears from the case analysis that there are three aspects of culture in particular, equality, openness and collectivity, that may be positively affected by the design of an organisation’s physical environment.Practical implications– The careful choice, planning and design of an organisation’s physical location, layout and style can advance the appearance of an organisational culture conducive to creativity.Originality/value– The paper describes a longitudinal study comparing a case organisation before and after a change in its physical environment. The longitudinal data illustrates how a change in the spatial environment contributes to the emergence of a culture conducive to organisational creativity.
Impact of high lipoprotein(a) levels on in‐stent restenosis and long‐term clinical outcomes of angina pectoris patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents in Asian population
Authors: Park Sang‐Ho , Rha Seung‐Woon , Choi Byoung‐Geol , Park Ji‐Young , Jeon Ung , Seo Hong‐Seog , Kim Eung‐Ju , Na Jin‐Oh , Choi Cheol‐Ung , Kim Jin‐Won , Lim Hong‐Euy , Park Chang‐Gyu , Oh Dong‐Joo 
Published: April 2015

SummaryLipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is known to be associated with cardiovascular complications and atherothrombotic properties in general populations. However, it has not been examined whether Lp(a) levels are able to predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents (DES). A total of 595 consecutive patients with angina pectoris who underwent elective PCI with DES were enrolled from 2004 to 2010. The patients were divided into two groups according to the levels of Lp(a): Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL (n = 485 patients), and Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL (n = 111 patients). The 6–9‐month angiographic outcomes and 3‐year cumulative major clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Binary restenosis occurred in 26 of 133 lesions (19.8%) in the high Lp(a) group and 43 of 550 lesions (7.9%) in the low Lp(a) group (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the reference vessel diameter, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total lesion length, and Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL were predictors of binary restenosis. In the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, Lp(a) > 50 mg/dL was significantly associated with the 3‐year adverse clinical outcomes including any myocardial infarction, revascularization (target lesion revascularization (TLR) and target vessel revascularization (TVR)), TLR‐major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), TVR‐MACE, and All‐MACEs. In our study, high Lp(a) level ≥ 50 mg/dL in angina pectoris patients undergoing elective PCI with DES was significantly associated with binary restenosis and 3‐year adverse clinical outcomes in an Asian population.