bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Péril chinois et déclin de l’Europe
Authors: Gaspard Marion 
Published: September 2015

L’article étudie la façon dont est envisagée, au tournant du xx e siècle français, la question des conséquences économiques du traité de Shimonoseki (1895). Dans le contexte d’incertitude sur l’issue de la Grande Dépression, d’interrogations sur un supposé « déclin des races blanches » et de tentations impérialistes, les économistes sont interpellés sur la question de savoir s’il peut exister un « péril chinois » pour l’Europe. Le débat, exigeant des protagonistes à la fois une réflexion d’économie appliquée et un exercice périlleux de prospective, mêle raison nements théoriques a priori, innovations conceptuelles et méthodologiques, et usage racialiste des indicateurs économiques clés.
Joseph A. Schumpeter et la conjoncture économique des années 1930-1940
Authors: Potier Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2015

La Grande Récession, enclenchée par la crise américaine des subprimes et ses conséquences, suscite de nouveaux questionnements dont certains nous conduisent à la problématique de la stagnation et du déclin économique. Il est donc utile de revenir sur l’analyse proposée par Joseph Schumpeter de la conjoncture des années 1930-1940. S’agit-il d’une dépression Kondratiev analogue à celle de la période 1873-1897 ? Ou bien a-t-on affaire à l’arrivée d’une stagnation séculaire, comme le croit Alvin H. Hansen ? Cette étude analyse les différentes critiques de Schumpeter adressées aux arguments défendus par Hansen. C’est aussi l’occasion de rappeler la thèse schumpetérienne du déclin, fondée sur la dégénérescence de l’« ordre capitaliste »
Understanding the relationship between depression and diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Steel Andrew , Reece John , Daw Anne-Marie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing, as is the cost of managing its comorbidities. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and their complications place a considerable cost burden on the health system, and lead to a significant level of disability. The relationship between depression and diabetes is well-established. The relationship between depression and foot ulcers in diabetic patients is less well-established. The purpose of this article is to provide a current concept review of the literature from 1988 to 2013, linking DFUs and depressive symptoms, with an emphasis on the impact depressive symptoms have on healing rates of DFUs. Articles specifically focusing on the biological relationship, depression′s impact on self-care, screening for depressive symptoms, causes and cost of treating DFUs, and measuring depression were reviewed. A deeper understanding of this relationship is needed to identify causal relationships, improve treatment outcomes, and reduce healing times of DFUs.
High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy: A social health problem in India
Authors: Kumar K. , Kumar Sandeep , Dhillon A. , Mansingh Sudhir , Sood Sandeep 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is an important public health problem and is implicated as a risk factor for glucose intolerance during pregnancy. We studied the prevalence of VDD in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: All GDM and T2DM patients evaluated between October and December 2014 were included in this cross-sectional, observational study. Patients with the use of vitamin D, glucocorticoids, and secondary diabetes were excluded. We diagnosed VDD as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) less than 30 ng/ml and GDM based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. The data were compared with 10 gestational, age-matched controls with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Appropriate statistical methods were used for comparison between the three groups. Results: The study participants (37 GDM, 13 T2DM, and 10 NGT) had a median (25th-75th interquartile) age of 26 (24.3, 30) years, gestational age of 24.5 (21, 27) weeks, and 25OHD of 10.5 (8.1, 14.8) ng/ml. VDD was seen in 35 GDM, 12 T2DM, and eight patients with NGT (P = 0. 9637). The median 25OHD levels were comparable between the three groups (10, 10.6, and 13.95; P = 0. 1192). Univariate analysis did not show higher odds of GDM or T2DM in patients with VDD (P = 0. 1903). Conclusion: Our data showed that the prevalence of VDD is high during pregnancy, irrespective of the glucose intolerance. Large scale population studies are required to determine the association between the VDD and GDM.
Resilience in Daily Occupations of Indonesian Mothers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Santoso Tri Budi , Ito Yuko , Ohshima Nobuo , Hidaka Mikiyo , Bontje Peter 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This qualitative study investigated how resilience functions in the context of daily occupations for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Fourteen mothers of children with ASD participated in two focus groups that were used to elicit stories of the mothers’ resilience in daily occupations. A constant comparative method was used for data analysis. A model of resilience in daily occupations of mothers of children with ASD was developed consisting of four categories: (1) creating and re-creating accepting conditions, (2) finding solutions, (3) striving for balance among daily occupations, and (4) thinking about the child’s future. Sources of resilience were found to reside in both the mothers themselves and their social environments. Occupational therapy practitioners can use these findings in developing supportive approaches aimed at mothers, family members, and other people in the lives of children with ASD.
Field Experimental Evidence on Gender Discrimination in Hiring: Biased as Heckman and Siegelman Predicted?
Authors: Baert Stijn 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Correspondence studies are nowadays viewed as the most compelling avenue to test for hiring discrimination. However, these studies suffer from one fundamental methodological problem, as formulated by Heckman and Siegelman (The Urban Institute audit studies: Their methods and findings. In M. Fix, and R. Struyk (Eds.), Clear and convincing evidence: Measurement of discrimination in America, 1993), namely the bias in their results in case of group differences in the variance of unobserved determinants of hiring outcomes. In this study, the authors empirically investigate this bias in the context of gender discrimination. The authors do not find significant evidence for the feared bias.
De duurzaamheid van burgerinitiatieven
Authors: Igalla Malika , van Meerkerk Ingmar 
Published: September 2015

The sustainability of citizens’ initiatives. An empirical exploration
Citizens’ initiatives are the focus of public attention as part of the popular ‘do-democracy’ (associative democracy). However, it is not clear to what extent citizens are able to shape self-organization in a sustainable manner, what the important factors in this respect are and if citizens’ initiatives are the sole preserve of a better educated group of citizens. Through a secondary quantitative analysis of 56 citizens’ initiatives, this article offers an empirical contribution to answering these questions. The authors explore the effects of three possible factors on the sustainability of citizens’ initiatives: the network structure of the citizens’ initiative, the organizational design of the initiative and the revenue model. They show significant relationships between the organizational design of citizens’ initiatives and their sustainability. They also show a relationship between the network structure of these initiatives and their sustainability: initiatives that develop into a fully connected network or a polycentric network are more sustainable than initiatives with a star network. The personal characteristics of the initiators show a dispersal in age, descent, gender and retirement. Relatively speaking, many initiators have a high level of education: 80% has a higher professional or university education. But there are no significant relations between these personal characteristics and the sustainability of citizens’ initiatives.
Spanningsvolle verbindingen tussen verticale en horizontale sturing
Authors: Ponsioen Arnout , van Staden Mildo , Meijer Albert 
Published: September 2015

Stressful connections between vertical and horizontal steering. An empirical analysis of the Dialogue Table in Groningen
This article analyses the Dialogue Table (‘Dialoogtafel’ in Dutch) in Groningen, the most northern province in the Netherlands, as an example of connecting vertical and horizontal steering. The Dialogue Table was set up to supervise the spending of compensation money for the damage from the earthquakes caused by gas extraction in this province. The Dialogue Table combines vertical forms of governance, such as a unilateral imposition of the budget and the presidency of the Dialogue Table, and more horizontal forms such as equal deliberation between administrative bodies and stakeholders. The central questions are which tensions will occur in these two different logics of steering, how one deals with these tensions and which competences this requires from civil servants. An exploratory analysis of the case shows that tensions occur around (1) the starting conditions (costs, presidency, selection and representation), (2) the progress of the process (desired results, openness, inequality) and (3) the outcomes of the process (influence). On the basis of their research, the authors offer recommendations about the organization of such hybrid steering processes and indicate which competences are required in this respect from civil servants.
Interfirm Structure and Buyer-Salesperson Behavior Impact on Relationship Outcomes
Authors: Johnson-Busbin Julie T. , Busbin James W. , Boles James S. , Barksdale Hiram C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe individual level interaction between the buyer and salesperson can best be understood in the broader framework provided by the inter-firm relationship. Very little research has been conducted that examines both firm level and interpersonal level constructs in the context of business relationships. The primary purpose of this study is to design and test a theoretical model that examines the effect of inter-firm structure and buyer-salesperson behaviors on relationship outcomes. The results suggest that in established relationships, the external environment plays a role in determining the how buyer-seller firms structure their relationships. The way in which the relationship is structured plays an important role in determining how the buyer and salesperson interact. Both inter-firm structure and buyer-salesperson behaviors, in turn, influence buyer satisfaction.
Biogenic carbon fluxes from global agricultural production and consumption
Authors: Wolf Julie , West Tristram O. , Le Page Yannick , Kyle G. Page , Zhang Xuesong , Collatz G. James , Imhoff Marc L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuantification of biogenic carbon fluxes from agricultural lands is needed to generate comprehensive bottom‐up estimates of net carbon exchange for global and regional carbon monitoring. We estimated global agricultural carbon fluxes associated with annual crop net primary production (NPP), harvested biomass, and consumption of biomass by humans and livestock. These estimates were combined for a single estimate of net carbon exchange and spatially distributed to 0.05° resolution using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite land cover data. Global crop NPP in 2011 was estimated at 5.25 ± 0.46 Pg C yr−1, of which 2.05 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1 was harvested and 0.54 Pg C yr−1 was collected from crop residues for livestock fodder. Total livestock feed intake in 2011 was 2.42 ± 0.21 Pg C yr−1, of which 2.31 ± 0.21 Pg C yr−1 was emitted as CO2, 0.07 ± 0.01 Pg C yr−1 was emitted as CH4, and 0.04 Pg C yr−1 was contained within milk and egg production. Livestock grazed an estimated 1.27 Pg C yr−1 in 2011, which constituted 52.4% of total feed intake. Global human food intake was 0.57 ± 0.03 Pg C yr−1 in 2011, the majority of which was respired as CO2. Completed global cropland carbon budgets accounted for the ultimate use of approximately 80% of harvested biomass. The spatial distribution of these fluxes may be used for global carbon monitoring, estimation of regional uncertainty, and for use as input to Earth system models.
Successive estimation of a tsunami wavefield without earthquake source data: A data assimilation approach toward real‐time tsunami forecasting
Authors: Maeda Takuto , Obara Kazushige , Shinohara Masanao , Kanazawa Toshihiko , Uehira Kenji 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe propose a tsunami forecasting method based on a data assimilation technique designed for dense tsunameter networks. Rather than using seismic source parameters or initial sea surface height as the initial condition of for a tsunami forecasting, it estimates the current tsunami wavefield (tsunami height and tsunami velocity) in real time by repeatedly assimilating dense tsunami data into a numerical simulation. Numerical experiments were performed using a simple 1‐D station array and the 2‐D layout of the new S‐net tsunameter network around the Japan Trench. Treating a synthetic tsunami calculated by the finite‐difference method as observed data, the data assimilation reproduced the assumed tsunami wavefield before the tsunami struck the coastline. Because the method estimates the full tsunami wavefield, including velocity, these wavefields can be used as initial conditions for other tsunami simulations to calculate inundation or runup for real‐time forecasting.
Effect of ions on sulfuric acid‐water binary particle formation: 1. Theory for kinetic‐ and nucleation‐type particle formation and atmospheric implications
Authors: Merikanto Joonas , Duplissy Jonathan , Määttänen Anni , Henschel Henning , Donahue Neil M. , Brus David , Schobesberger Siegfried , Kulmala Markku , Vehkamäki Hanna 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe derive a version of Classical Nucleation Theory normalized by quantum chemical results on sulfuric acid‐water hydration to describe neutral and ion‐induced particle formation in the binary sulfuric acid‐water system. The theory is extended to treat the kinetic regime where the nucleation free energy barrier vanishes at high sulfuric acid concentrations or low temperatures. In the kinetic regime particle formation rates become proportional to sulfuric acid concentration to second power in the neutral system or first power in the ion‐induced system. We derive simple general expressions for the prefactors in kinetic‐type and activation‐type particle formation calculations applicable also to more complex systems stabilized by other species. The theory predicts that the binary water‐sulfuric acid system can produce strong new particle formation in the free troposphere both through barrier crossing and through kinetic pathways. At cold stratospheric and upper free tropospheric temperatures neutral formation dominates the binary particle formation rates. At midtropospheric temperatures the ion‐induced pathway becomes the dominant mechanism. However, even the ion‐induced binary mechanism does not produce significant particle formation in warm boundary layer conditions, as it requires temperatures below 0°C to take place at atmospheric concentrations. The theory successfully reproduces the characteristics of measured charged and neutral binary particle formation in CERN CLOUD3 and CLOUD5 experiments, as discussed in a companion paper.
Evaluating stomatal models and their atmospheric drought response in a land surface scheme: A multibiome analysis
Authors: Knauer Jürgen , Werner Christiane , Zaehle Sönke 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStomatal conductance (gs) is a key variable in Earth system models as it regulates the transfer of carbon and water between the terrestrial biosphere and the lower atmosphere. Various approaches have been developed that aim for a simple representation of stomatal regulation applicable at the global scale. These models differ, among others, in their response to atmospheric humidity, which induces stomatal closure in a dry atmosphere. In this study, we compared the widely used empirical Ball‐Berry and Leuning stomatal conductance models to an alternative empirical approach, an optimization‐based approach, and a semimechanistic hydraulic model. We evaluated these models using evapotranspiration (ET) and gross primary productivity (GPP) observations derived from eddy covariance measurements at 56 sites across multiple biomes and climatic conditions. The different models were embedded in the land surface model JSBACH. Differences in performance across plant functional types or climatic conditions were small, partly owing to the large variations in the observational data. The models yielded comparable results at low to moderate atmospheric drought but diverged under dry atmospheric conditions, where models with a low sensitivity to air humidity tended to overestimate gs. The Ball‐Berry model gave the best fit to the data for most biomes and climatic conditions, but all evaluated approaches have proven adequate for use in land surface models. Our findings further encourage future efforts toward a vegetation‐type‐specific parameterization of gs to improve the modeling of coupled terrestrial carbon and water dynamics.
Modernization and Families
Authors: Scanzoni John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdaptation implies survival and is thus seen as desirable. Persons in the west are adapting to their evolving environment – the postindustrial information age (PIIA) – by modernizing or changing their family styles in the hope of devising entities that are compatible with PIIA. The challenges they face stem largely from the distinctive characteristics of the PIIA economy. Women and men seeking to adapt in optimal fashion to the PIIA economy have little choice but to pursue economic endeavors that require critical thinking and problem‐solving. Many of the adaptations they have devised have led critics to assert that today's families are undergoing decay and decline, not simply modernization. Critics allege that adults are so intent on pursuing their individual interests that they neglect their children's emotional and spiritual well‐being; their solution for fixing this purported problem is typically a reaffirmation of the nuclear family style.
International Violence against Women Act
Authors: Aly Rasha 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Violence against women is a major problem worldwide. About one in three women experiences some kind of violence. US lawmakers have been trying to get the United States more involved in preventing violence against women throughout the world. One way to do this would be through the proposed legislation of the International Violence against Women Act. However, lawmakers have faced many challenges in trying to pass this bill through Congress.
Season of birth influences the timing of first menstruation
Authors: Kliś Katarzyna , Jarzebak Krzysztof , Borowska‐Strugińska Beata , Mulawa Agnieszka , Żurawiecka Martyna , Wronka Iwona 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the month of birth influences the maturation rate of Polish females from two birth cohorts, namely 1982–1984 and 1992–1994. It was also verified whether socioeconomic status (SES) is capable of altering the above relationship.MethodsThe research material consisted of data collected in two cross‐sectional surveys. The first cohort involved 1,008 female secondary‐school students, the second, 671 female university students. Information on subjects' date of birth, SES, and the age at menarche was obtained from a questionnaire. The subjects were divided into four groups, according to the month of birth: born in spring (III–V), born in summer (VI–VIII), born in autumn (IX–XI), and born in winter (XII–II). Next, the subjects were divided into two groups: born in summer months (VI–VIII) and born in the other months (IX–V).ResultsIn the first cohort, subjects born in the summer reach menarche significantly earlier than subjects born in other seasons. The same tendency was noticeable in subjects born in the years 1992–1994; however, the differences were not statistically significant. In both cohorts, girls born in summer months had their first menstruation at a younger age than girls born in other months. The difference in age at menarche between season/months was also seen after dividing the data into uniform groups in terms of SES.ConclusionThe present data suggest that the season of birth influences sexual maturation rate in women. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:226–232, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An analysis of bimanual actions in natural feeding of semi‐wild chimpanzees
Authors: Forrester Gillian S. , Rawlings Bruce , Davila‐Ross Marina 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to investigate the lateral dominance for a bimanually coordinated natural feeding behavior in semi‐wild chimpanzees.MethodsStrychnos spp. fruit consumption behaviors in semi‐wild chimpanzees as an ecologically comparable feeding behavior to those found in cerebral lateralization studies of non‐primate species was investigated. Video recordings of 33 chimpanzees were assessed while they consumed hard‐shelled strychnos fruits. Statistical and descriptive measures of hand dominance to highlight lateralized patterns were explored.ResultsStatistical evaluation of feeding bouts revealed a group‐level right‐handed bias for bimanual coordinated feeding actions, however, few individuals were statistically lateralized. Descriptive analyses revealed that the majority of individuals were lateralized and possessed a right‐handed bias for strychnos feeding behavior.ConclusionsThe results provided empirical evidence in support of an early evolutionary delineation of function for the right and left hemispheres. The present findings suggest that great apes express an intermediate stage along the phylogenetic trajectory of human manual lateralization. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:85–92, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Odontogenic and rhinogenic chronic sinusitis: a modern microbiological comparison
Authors: Saibene Alberto Maria , Vassena Christian , Pipolo Carlotta , Trimboli Mariele , De Vecchi Elena , Felisati Giovanni , Drago Lorenzo 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundOdontogenic sinusitis and sinonasal complications of dental disease or treatment (SCDDT) play a relevant, often underappreciated role in paranasal sinus infections. Treating SCDDT patients requires tailored medical and surgical approaches in order to achieve acceptable success rates. These approaches differ from common rhinogenic sinusitis treatment protocols mostly because of the different etiopathogenesis. Our study comprehensively evaluated microbiology and antibiotic resistance in SCDDT patients and compared findings with a control group of patients affected by rhinogenic sinusitis.MethodsWe performed microbiological sampling during surgery on 28 patients with SCDDT and 16 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Colonies were isolated, Gram‐stained, and the species identified using classic biochemical methods. These results were confirmed by DNA pyrosequencing, and then the resistance profile of each SCDDT isolate to various antibiotics was tested.ResultsMicrobial growth was observed in all SCDDT patients, whereas samples from 60% of patients in the control group failed to yield any bacterial growth (p < 0.001). Anaerobes grew in 14% of SCDDT patients as compared to 7% of CRSwNP patients (p = 0.42). Of the isolates from SCDDT patients, 70% were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate, whereas all isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. Of the staphylococci identified, 80% were capable of producing beta‐lactamase.ConclusionGiven the extent of microbiological contamination within the maxillary sinus of SCDDT patients, these infections should be regarded as a different class of conditions from rhinogenic sinusitis. Our findings support the need for different approaches in the treatment of SCDDT patients.