bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural style and evolution of a salt‐influenced rift basin margin; the impact of variations in salt composition and the role of polyphase extension
Authors: Jackson Christopher A.‐L. , Lewis Matthew M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBecause salt can decouple sub‐ and supra‐salt deformation, the structural style and evolution of salt‐influenced rifts differs from those developed in megoscopically homogenous and brittle crust. Our understanding of the structural style and evolution of salt‐influenced rifts comes from scaled physical models, or subsurface‐based studies that have utilised moderate‐quality 2D seismic reflection data. Relatively few studies have used high‐quality 3D seismic reflection data, constrained by borehole data, to explicitly focus on the role that along‐strike displacement variations on sub‐salt fault systems, or changes in salt composition and thickness, play in controlling the four‐dimensional evolution of supra‐salt structural styles. In this study, we use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Sele High Fault System (SHFS), offshore Norway to determine how rift‐related relief controlled the thickness and lithology of an Upper Permian salt‐bearing layer (Zechstein Supergroup), and how the associated variations in the mechanical properties of this unit influenced the degree of coupling between sub‐ and supra‐salt deformation during subsequent extension. Seismic and borehole data indicate that the Zechstein Supergroup is thin, carbonate‐dominated and immobile at the footwall apex, but thick, halite‐dominated and relatively mobile in high accommodation areas, such as near the lateral fault tips and in the immediate hangingwall of the fault system. We infer that these variations reflect bathymetric changes related to either syn‐depositional (i.e. Late Permian) growth of the SHFS or underfilled, fault scarp‐related relief inherited from a preceding (i.e. Early Permian) rift phase. After a period of tectonic quiescence in the Early Triassic, regional extension during the Late Triassic triggered halokinesis and growth of a fault‐parallel salt wall, which was followed by mild extension in the Jurassic and forced folding of Triassic overburden above the fault systems upper tip. During the Early Cretaceous, basement‐involved extension resulted in noncoaxial tilting of the footwall, and the development of an supra‐salt normal fault array, which was restricted to footwall areas underlain by relatively thick mobile salt; in contrast, at the footwall apex, no deformation occurred because salt was thin and immobile. The results of our study demonstrate close coupling between tectonics, salt deposition and the style of overburden deformation for >180 Myr of the rift history. Furthermore, we show that rift basin tectono‐stratigraphic models based on relatively megascopically homogeneous and brittle crust do not appropriately describe the range of structural styles that occur in salt‐influenced rifts.
Lasting Disadvantage? Comparing Career Trajectories of Matched Temporary and Permanent Workers in Canada
Authors: Fuller Sylvia , Stecy‐Hildebrandt Natasha 
Published: November 2014

Is the economic insecurity associated with temporary employment transitory or lasting? What accounts for differences in medium‐run earnings trajectories for workers first observed in temporary and permanent jobs? Although there is now a considerable body of research investigating mobility outcomes for temporary workers, most studies focus on single transition points and pay little attention to the quality of subsequent employment beyond its temporary or permanent status. In this paper, we compare income trajectories for a nationally representative sample of Canadian temporary workers and a set of permanent workers selected to match them as closely as possible on personal, job, and work‐history characteristics. We find that temporary workers start out with lower incomes and fail to catch up to their permanent counterparts over the next five years. Differences are more pronounced for women.L'insécurité économique associée à l'emploi temporaire est‐elle passagère ou durable ? Comment peut‐on expliquer les différences de trajectoires des revenus à moyen terme entre les travailleurs dans des emplois temporaires et ceux dans des emplois permanents au début de l'étude ? Bien qu'il y ait maintenant une masse considérable de recherche portant sur la mobilité économique des intérimaires, la plupart des études se concentrent sur un seul point de transition et accordent peu d'attention à la qualité de l'emploi par la suite, mis à part son statut temporaire ou permanent. Dans cet article, nous comparons les trajectoires de revenu pour un échantillon national représentatif d'intérimaires canadiens ainsi qu'un ensemble de travailleurs permanents choisis avec le plus de précision possible sur la base de leurs similarités avec l'échantillon d'intérimaires en ce qui concernent leurs données démographiques, leur emploi, et leur historique de travail. Nous concluons que les intérimaires commencent avec des revenus inférieurs et ne parviennent pas à rattraper le groupe des travailleurs permanents sur une période de cinq ans. Les différences sont plus prononcées pour les femmes.
Depletion of high‐affinity corticosteroid‐binding globulin corresponds to illness severity in sepsis and septic shock; clinical implications
Authors: Nenke M.A. , Rankin W. , Chapman M.J. , Stevens N.E. , Diener K.R. , Hayball J. D. , Lewis J.G. , Torpy D.J. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjectiveCorticosteroid‐binding globulin (CBG) is cleaved by neutrophil elastase converting the high‐affinity (haCBG) conformation of CBG to a low‐affinity (laCBG) conformation with a ninefold reduced cortisol‐binding affinity. These in vitro data suggest that cortisol release by CBG cleavage results in the targeted delivery of cortisol to areas of inflammation. Our objective was to determine whether CBG cleavage alters circulating levels of haCBG and laCBG in vivo in proportion to sepsis severity.DesignProspective, observational cohort study in an adult tertiary level Intensive Care Unit in Adelaide, Australia.PatientsThirty‐three patients with sepsis or septic shock grouped by illness severity [sepsis, septic shock survivors, septic shock nonsurvivors and other shock].MeasurementsPlasma levels of haCBG and laCBG were assessed using a recently developed in‐house assay in patients. Plasma total and free cortisol levels were also measured.ResultsPlasma total CBG and haCBG levels fell significantly, in proportion to disease severity (P < 0·0001 for both). There was a nonsignificant increase in free and total cortisol as illness severity worsened (P = 0·19 and P = 0·39, respectively). Illness severity was better correlated with haCBG levels than either free or total cortisol levels.ConclusionsIncreasing illness severity in sepsis and septic shock is associated with markedly reduced circulating haCBG concentrations in vivo. We propose that low levels of haCBG in chronic inflammation may limit the availability of cortisol to inflammatory sites, perpetuating the inflammatory process.
Special care dentistry: how prepared are we?
Authors: Yeaton S. , Moorthy A. , Rice J. , Coghlan D. , O'Dwyer L. , Green E. , Sultan A. , Guray S. , Mohamad N. A. , Aslam N. , Freedman L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo assess and evaluate the confidence of the undergraduate dental team in Irish dental schools regarding their training in the field of special care dentistry (SCD).MethodA questionnaire was distributed amongst the undergraduate dental teams within Cork University Dental School and Hospital (CUDSH) and Dublin Dental University Hospital (DDUH). The data were analysed to assess for differences between the median responses of the various groups.ResultsA total of 139 students participated in the study; 82 from DDUH (59 dental science students, seven dental hygiene students and 16 dental nursing students) and 57 from CUDSH (43 dental science students and 14 dental hygiene students). Twenty‐two per cent (n = 30) of respondents agreed that their training had been sufficient in providing treatment or assistance for patients requiring SCD. Seventy‐five per cent agreed that more emphasis should be placed on clinical training in SCD (n = 76). Thirty‐one per cent of students anticipated a high level of confidence in treating patients requiring SCD upon graduation (n = 43), with dental science students feeling the least prepared amongst the dental team.ConclusionConfidence levels of the undergraduate dental team were low with regard to SCD. The existing hands‐on clinical training in SCD was deemed insufficient by the respondents. Students believed more emphasis should be placed on SCD training in the undergraduate curriculum.
Myeloma cells act as tolerogenic antigen‐presenting cells and induce regulatory T cells in vitro
Authors: Frassanito Maria Antonia , Ruggieri Simona , Desantis Vanessa , Di Marzo Lucia , Leone Patrizia , Racanelli Vito , Fumarulo Ruggiero , Dammacco Franco , Vacca Angelo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRegulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintenance of self‐tolerance; however, tumor cells can exploit the tolerance to escape the immune system. We investigated the Tregs frequency in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and in those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and found that CD4+FoxP3+ and CD8+FoxP3+ Tregs were significantly increased in patients with MM and correlated with the active phase. Both Tregs subsets were expanded in cocultures of CD3+ lymphocytes and fresh CD138+ MM plasma cells or RPMI8226 and U266 cell lines and functioned as natural (n) and inducible (i) Tregs insofar as they inhibited the proliferation of stimulated CD3 lymphocytes via contact‐dependent and contact‐independent pathways. Induction of Tregs by MM plasma cells required a contact‐dependent pathway, implying antigen recognition by T cells. MM plasma cells acted as immature and tolerogenic antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), in that they displayed low CD80/CD86 expression associated with a phagocytic activity. By acting as immature APCs, MM plasma cells plausibly expand (n)Tregs and (i)Tregs both through conversion of CD3+FoxP3− into CD3+FoxP3+ T cells and proliferation of CD3+FoxP3+ T cells, which may suppress the anti‐MM immune response.
A role for solute carrier family 10 member 4, or vesicular aminergic‐associated transporter, in structural remodelling and transmitter release at the mouse neuromuscular junction
Authors: Patra Kalicharan , Lyons David J. , Bauer Pavol , Hilscher Markus M. , Sharma Swati , Leão Richardson N. , Kullander Klas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe solute carrier and presynaptic vesicle protein solute carrier family 10 member 4, or vesicular aminergic‐associated transporter (VAAT), was recently proven to have a modulatory role in central cholinergic signalling. It is currently unknown whether VAAT also affects peripheral cholinergic synapses. Here we demonstrated a regulatory role for the presynaptic vesicle protein VAAT in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development and function. NMJs lacking VAAT had fewer branch points, whereas endplates showed an increased number of islands. Whereas the amplitude of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials in VAAT‐deficient NMJs was decreased, the amplitude of evoked endplate potentials and the size of the readily releasable pool of vesicles were both increased. Moreover, VAAT‐deficient NMJs displayed aberrant short‐term synaptic plasticity with enhanced synaptic depression in response to high‐frequency stimulation. Finally, the transcript levels of cholinergic receptor subunits in VAAT‐deficient muscles were increased, indicating a compensatory postsynaptic sensitization. Our results suggested that VAAT modulates NMJ transmission efficiency and, as such, may represent a novel target for treatment of disorders affecting motor neurons.
Perineuronal nets affect parvalbumin expression inGABAergic neurons of the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Yamada J. , Ohgomori T. , Jinno S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that the perineuronal net (PNN), a specialised extracellular matrix structure, and parvalbumin (PV), an EF‐hand calcium‐binding protein, are involved in the regulation of plasticity of neural circuits. Here, we aimed to quantitatively estimate the relationship between the two plasticity regulators, PV and PNNs, in the hippocampus of young adult mice. Dual fluorescence staining for PV andWisteria floribundaagglutinin (a broad PNN marker) showed that a substantial population of PV‐expressing (PV+) GABAergic neurons lacked PNNs. Optical disector analysis demonstrated that there were fewer PNN+neurons than PV+neurons. The ratio of PNN expression in PV+neurons was generally lower in the dendritic layers than in the principal cell layers, whereas the ratio of PV expression in PNN+neurons was effectively 100%. The mean PV fluorescence was significantly higher in PNN+/PV+neurons than in PNN−/PV+neurons. Cumulative frequencies for single‐cell PV fluorescence indicated that intensely stained PV+neurons tend to be enwrapped by PNNs, whereas weakly stained PV+neurons are likely to lack PNNs. We digested the PNNs by a unilateral injection of chondroitinase ABC (chABC) into the dorsal CA1 region. Although the densities of PV+neurons remained unchanged, the PV fluorescence declined 7 days after chABC injection. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated a reduction in PVmRNAexpression following chABC injection. These findings indicate that the presence or absence of PNNs affects the relative PV expression in GABAergic neurons in the hippocampus.
Aberrant expression of miR‐218 and miR‐204 in human mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis—Convergence on axonal guidance
Authors: Kaalund Sanne S. , Venø Morten T. , Bak Mads , Møller Rikke S. , Laursen Henning , Madsen Flemming , Broholm Helle , Quistorff Bjørn , Uldall Peter , Tommerup Niels , Kauppinen Sakari , Sabers Anne , Fluiter Kees , Møller Lisbeth B. , Nossent Anne Y. , Silahtaroglu Asli , Kjems Jørgen , Aronica Eleonora , Tümer Zeynep 
Published: November 2014

SummaryObjectiveMesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is one of the most common types of the intractable epilepsies and is most often associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which is characterized by pronounced loss of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be dysregulated in epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases, and we hypothesized that miRNAs could be involved in the pathogenesis of MTLE and HS.MethodsmiRNA expression was quantified in hippocampal specimens from human patients using miRNA microarray and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction RT‐PCR, and by RNA‐seq on fetal brain specimens from domestic pigs. In situ hybridization was used to show the spatial distribution of miRNAs in the human hippocampus. The potential effect of miRNAs on targets genes was investigated using the dual luciferase reporter gene assay.ResultsmiRNA expression profiling showed that 25 miRNAs were up‐regulated and 5 were down‐regulated in hippocampus biopsies of MTLE/HS patients compared to controls. We showed that miR‐204 and miR‐218 were significantly down‐regulated in MTLE and HS, and both were expressed in neurons in all subfields of normal hippocampus. Moreover, miR‐204 and miR‐218 showed strong changes in expression during fetal development of the hippocampus in pigs, and we identified four target genes, involved in axonal guidance and synaptic plasticity, ROBO1, GRM1, SLC1A2, and GNAI2, as bona fide targets of miR‐218. GRM1 was also shown to be a direct target of miR‐204.SignificancemiR‐204 and miR‐218 are developmentally regulated in the hippocampus and may contribute to the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of MTLE and HS.
Depolarization affects the lateral microdomain structure of yeast plasma membrane
Authors: Herman Petr , Vecer Jaroslav , Opekarova Miroslava , Vesela Petra , Jancikova Iva , Zahumensky Jakub , Malinsky Jan 
Published: November 2014

We report the transmembrane voltage‐induced lateral reorganization of highly‐ordered lipid microdomains in the plasma membrane of living Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Using trans‐parinaric acid (all‐trans‐9,11,13,15‐octadecatetraenoic acid) as a probe of lipid order and different methods of membrane depolarization, we found that depolarization always invokes a significant reduction in the amount of gel‐like microdomains in the membrane. Different depolarization mechanisms, including the application of ionophores, cell depolarization by an external electric field, depolarization by proton/hexose co‐transport facilitated by HUP1 protein and a reduction of membrane potential caused by compromised respiration efficiency, yielded the same results independently of the yeast strain used. The data suggest that the voltage‐induced reorganization of lateral membrane structure could play significant role in fast cellular response to acute stress conditions, as well as in other membrane microdomain‐related regulatory mechanisms.
Native Chinese‐Speaking K–12 Language Teachers' Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Lü Chan , Lavadenz Magaly 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the relationships between the beliefs and practices of K–12 native Chinese teachers on Chinese language and literacy instruction. Using a descriptive‐exploratory design, this study employed a mixed‐methods approach consisting of three steps: (1) a teacher beliefs questionnaire, (2) classroom observations and videotaping, and (3) semi‐instructed teacher interviews. Results indicated that novice Chinese teachers desired large “doses” of practical pedagogical strategies; however, development of those strategies required that teachers have ample opportunities for thoughtful anticipatory and retroactive reflection centered on student learning and grounded by the knowledge of language‐specific pedagogical content knowledge. The results highlighted the importance of fostering Chinese pedagogical knowledge through anticipatory instructional planning and reflection in apprenticing Chinese language teachers into the profession.
Forecasting Groundwater Temperature with Linear Regression Models Using Historical Data
Authors: Figura Simon , Livingstone David M. , Kipfer Rolf 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAlthough temperature is an important determinant of many biogeochemical processes in groundwater, very few studies have attempted to forecast the response of groundwater temperature to future climate warming. Using a composite linear regression model based on the lagged relationship between historical groundwater and regional air temperature data, empirical forecasts were made of groundwater temperature in several aquifers in Switzerland up to the end of the current century. The model was fed with regional air temperature projections calculated for greenhouse‐gas emissions scenarios A2, A1B, and RCP3PD. Model evaluation revealed that the approach taken is adequate only when the data used to calibrate the models are sufficiently long and contain sufficient variability. These conditions were satisfied for three aquifers, all fed by riverbank infiltration. The forecasts suggest that with respect to the reference period 1980 to 2009, groundwater temperature in these aquifers will most likely increase by 1.1 to 3.8 K by the end of the current century, depending on the greenhouse‐gas emissions scenario employed.
The perceived impact of public involvement in palliative care in a provincial palliative care network in the Netherlands: a qualitative study
Authors: Haarsma Frederike , Moser Albine , Beckers Manon , van Rijswijk Henk , Stoffers Esther , Beurskens Anna 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivePublic involvement in palliative care is challenging and difficult, because people in need of palliative care are often not capable of speaking up for themselves. Patient representatives advocate for their common interests. The aim of our study was to examine in depth the current practice of public involvement in palliative care.Setting and sampleThe study was conducted in the province of Limburg in the Netherlands, with six palliative care networks. Study participants were 16 patient representatives and 12 professionals.MethodThis study had a descriptive design using qualitative methods: 18 in‐depth interviews and three focus groups were conducted. The critical incident technique was used. The data were analysed using an analytical framework based on Arnstein's involvement classification and the process of decision making. Impact categories as well as facilitators and barriers were analysed using content analysis.Findings and conclusionThe perceived impact of public involvement in palliative care in terms of citizen control and partnership is greatest with regard to quality of care, information development and dissemination, and in terms of policymaking with regard to the preparation and implementation phases of decision making. The main difference in perceived impact between patient representatives and professionals relates to the tension between operational and strategic involvement. Patient representatives experienced more impact regarding short‐term solutions to practical problems, while professionals perceived great benefits in long‐term, strategic processes. Improving public involvement in palliative care requires positive attitudes, open communication, sufficient resources and long‐term support, to build a solid basis for pursuing meaningful involvement in the entire decision‐making process.
The challenge of transferring an implementation strategy from academia to the field
Authors: Trietsch Jasper , van Steenkiste Ben , Hobma Sjoerd , Frericks Arnoud , Grol Richard , Metsemakers Job , van der Weijden Trudy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesA quality improvement strategy consisting of comparative feedback and peer review embedded in available local quality improvement collaboratives proved to be effective in changing the test‐ordering behaviour of general practitioners. However, implementing this strategy was problematic. We aimed for large‐scale implementation of an adapted strategy covering both test ordering and prescribing performance. Because we failed to achieve large‐scale implementation, the aim of this study was to describe and analyse the challenges of the transferring process.MethodsIn a qualitative study 19 regional health officers, pharmacists, laboratory specialists and general practitioners were interviewed within 6 months after the transfer period. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and independently coded by two of the authors. The codes were matched to the dimensions of the normalization process theory.ResultsThe general idea of the strategy was widely supported, but generating the feedback was more complex than expected and the need for external support after transfer of the strategy remained high because participants did not assume responsibility for the work and the distribution of resources that came with it.ConclusionEvidence on effectiveness, a national infrastructure for these collaboratives and a general positive attitude were not sufficient for normalization. Thinking about managing large databases, responsibility for tasks and distribution of resources should start as early as possible when planning complex quality improvement strategies. Merely exploring the barriers and facilitators experienced in a preceding trial is not sufficient. Although multifaceted implementation strategies to change professional behaviour are attractive, their inherent complexity is also a pitfall for large‐scale implementation.