bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of UPLC-ESI-MS/MS to quantitate free amino acid concentrations in micro-samples of mammalian milk
Authors: Ferchaud Roucher Véronique , Desnots Emmanuelle , Naël Charlotte , Agnoux Aurore Martin , Alexandre-Gouabau Marie-Cécile , Darmaun Dominique , Boquien Clair-Yves 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Although free amino acids (FAA) account for a small fraction of total nitrogen in mammalian milk, they are more abundant in human milk than in most formulas, and may serve as a readily available source of amino acids for protein synthesis, as well as fulfill specific physiologic roles. We used reversed phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) technique for FAA profiling in milks from three species (human, rat and cow) with a simple and rapid sample preparation. The derivatization procedure chosen, combined with UPLC-ESI-MS/MS allowed the quantitation of 21 FAA using labeled amino acids (Internal Standards) over a 10 min run time in micro-samples of mammalian milk (50 μL). The low limit of quantitation was 0.05 pmol/μL for most FAA with good repeatability and reproducibility (mean CV of 5.1%). Higher levels of total FAA were found in human (3032 μM) and rat milk (3460 μM) than in bovine milk (240 μM), with wide differences in the abundances of specific FAA between species. This robust analytical method could be applied to monitor FAA profile in human breast milk, and open the way to individualized adjustment of FAA content for the nutritional management of infants.
Effect of chlorhexidine-containing prophylactic agent on the surface characterization and frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and archwires: an in vitro study
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Nik Tahereh , Hooshmand Tabassom , Farazdaghi Habibeh , Mehrabi Arash , Razavi Elham S Emadian 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to assess the surface characterization and frictional resistance between stainless steel brackets and two types of orthodontic wires made of stainless steel and nickel-titanium alloys after immersion in a chlorhexidine-containing prophylactic agent.

Methods
Stainless steel orthodontic brackets with either stainless steel (SS) or heat-activated nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wires were immersed in a 0.2% chlorhexidine and an artificial saliva environment for 1.5 h. The frictional force was measured on a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min over a 5-mm of archwire. The surface morphology of bracket slots and surface roughness of archwires after immersion in chlorhexidine were also characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively.

Results
There was no significant difference in the frictional resistance values between SS and Ni-Ti wires immersed in either chlorhexidine or artificial saliva. The frictional resistance values for the SS and Ni-Ti wires immersed in 0.2% chlorhexidine solution were not significantly different from that inartificial saliva. No significant difference in the average surface roughness for both wires before (as-received) and after immersion in either chlorhexidine or artificial saliva was observed.

Conclusions
One-and-half-hour immersion in 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse did not have significant influence on the archwires surface roughness or the frictional resistance between stainless steel orthodontic brackets and archwires made of SS and Ni-Ti. Based on these results, chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinses may be prescribed as non-destructive prophylactic agents on materials evaluated in the present study for orthodontic patients.
Measurement of Unconjugated Estriol in Serum by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of the Accuracy of Chemiluminescent Immunoassays
Authors: Huang Xianzhang , Spink David C , Schneider Erasmus , Ling Helen , Rai Alex J , Rosano Thomas G , Chen Baorong , Cao Zhimin (Tim) 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnconjugated estriol (uE3) is routinely analyzed in clinical laboratories as risk assessment for Down syndrome. Immunoassays of various types are the most commonly used methods. The accuracies of RIAs and ELISAs for uE3 have been questioned, and to date there have been no independent studies investigating the accuracy of the relatively new chemiluminescent immunoassays. We developed and validated a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for uE3 measurements in serum.METHODSSerum samples from patients in the second trimester of pregnancy were used, and uE3 concentrations were measured by LC-MS/MS and the Beckman Coulter Access® 2 and Siemens IMMULITE 2000 automatic chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzers.RESULTSThe LC-MS/MS method was validated and showed limit of detection 0.05 ng/mL; limit of quantification 0.2 ng/mL; linearity of response to 32 ng/mL; total imprecision of 16.2%, 10.4%, and 8.2% for uE3 at 1.10, 4.18, and 8.32 ng/mL, respectively; and analytical recoveries of 95.9%–104.2%. ANOVA of the correlation for LC-MS/MS results vs chemiluminescent immunoassays results showed R2 = 0.9678 (Access 2 = 0.9305 LC-MS/MS + 0.2177, Sy|x = 0.1786, P &lt; 0.0001), and R2 = 0.9663 (IMMULITE 2000 = 0.8849 LC-MS/MS − 0.0403, Sy|x = 0.1738, P &lt; 0.0001). Bland–Altman plots of uE3 results revealed concentration-dependent immunoassay biases. Mock risk analysis for Down syndrome showed no apparent difference in the risk assessment outcomes if the adjusted method-specific multiples of the median were used, and the assay imprecision was &lt;10% CV.CONCLUSIONSStandardization of immunoassay methods for uE3 analysis is needed to improve the accuracy of the measurements.
Construal of Manner in speech and gesture in Mandarin, English, and Japanese
Authors: Brown Amanda , Chen Jidong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo-way typological patterning between satellite- and verb-framed languages in construal of Manner of motion is well attested in speech (e.g. Slobin 2006) and gesture (e.g. McNeill 2001), but contradictory findings exist regarding a third category of equipollently-framed languages (Slobin 2004b). This study examined elicited descriptions of motion from 14 native speakers of Mandarin-Chinese (equipollently-framed), 13 native speakers of English (satellite-framed), and 16 native speakers of Japanese (verb-framed). Results showed that Mandarin and English speakers encoded Manner in speech significantly more than Japanese speakers, and rarely added Manner to gesture when it was absent from speech. However, Mandarin speakers differed from Japanese but also English speakers in gestural highlighting of Manner, where they frequently encoded Manner in speech but not in accompanying gestures, focusing instead on other aspects of the event, specifically Path. These results support a partial three-way typological distinction in construal of motion.
Enzyme pretreatment of dissolving pulp as a way to improve the following dissolution in NaOH/ZnO
Authors: Ambjörnsson Heléne Almlöf , Östberg Linda , Schenzel Karla , Larsson Per Tomas , Germgård Ulf 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The dissolution of a softwood dissolving pulp in a NaOH/ZnO system was improved by means of a three-stage pretreatment with an initial xylanase treatment, followed by an alkaline extraction, and finally an endoglucanase stage. The solubility of the pulp increased from 29% to 81%, although the crystallinity and the specific surface area of the pulp did not change during the enzymatic treatment.
You get what you put in: Elicited production versus spontaneous verbal interaction in cross-linguistic studies of language use
Authors: Pulaczewska Hanna 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This examination illustrates weaknesses in the traditional research paradigm in cross-cultural studies of linguistic politeness – the use of elicited data, and the model tacitly underlying the construction of elicitation tools. This is done by discussing insights gained in a quantitative cross-linguistic study of situated, naturally occurring requests and proposals, which could not be gained using elicited data. After indicating the scale on which the current elicitation paradigm has been applied in cross-cultural pragmatics, the article summarizes the main critical points highlighted by previous research and introduces new points, such as a social pressure on the respondents to produce the kind of data expected by the researcher, and the researcher's lack of insight into the context models construed by the respondents. Finally, it is discussed how the choice of elicitation tasks is tacitly based on a dyadic model of interaction, in which the addressee is a single person and the speaker acts on his or her own behalf and only represents him- or herself. There follows a discussion of a corpus-based study of requests and proposals that compares data from British, German, and Polish versions of the reality TV show Big Brother. It is shown how quantitative study of natural data not restricted to dyadic interactions demands new categorizations of interaction parameters considered, and provides new insights into language-specific impact of contextual factors upon politeness strategies.
Bovine oviduct epithelial cells downregulate phagocytosis of sperm by neutrophils: prostaglandin E2 as a major physiological regulator
Authors: Marey Mohamed A , Liu Jinghui , Kowsar Rasoul , Haneda Shingo , Matsui Motozumi , Sasaki Motoki , Shimizu Takashi , Hayakawa Hiroyuki , Wijayagunawardane Missaka P B , Hussein Fekry M , Miyamoto Akio 
Published: November 2013

This study aimed to investigate the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in bovine oviduct fluid under physiological conditions and to determine the possible role of bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs) in the regulation of the phagocytic activity of PMNs for sperm. During the pre-ovulatory stage, PMNs were identified in the bovine oviduct fluid in relatively constant numbers. In our experiments, PMNs were incubated for 4 h with the supernatant of cultured BOECs stimulated for 24 h by LH (10 ng/ml). Phagocytosis was then assayed by co-incubation of these PMNs with sperm treated to induce capacitation. The BOEC supernatant significantly suppressed sperm phagocytosis by PMNs, and the LH-stimulated BOEC supernatant further suppressed phagocytosis. Importantly, in the BOEC culture, LH stimulated the secretion of prostaglandin E2(PGE2), which dose-dependently (10−6, 10−7, and 10−8 M) suppressed sperm phagocytosis by PMNs. Furthermore, a PGEP2receptor antagonist significantly abrogated the inhibition of phagocytosis by the LH-stimulated BOEC supernatant. Additionally, using scanning electron microscopy, incubation of PMNs with either PGE2or LH-stimulated BOEC supernatant before phagocytosis was found to prevent the formation of DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps for sperm entanglement. The results indicate that sperm are exposed to PMNs in the oviduct and PGE2released into the oviduct fluid after LH stimulation may play a major role in the suppression of the phagocytic activity of PMNs for sperm via interaction with EP2receptors. Thus, the bovine oviduct provides a PGE2-rich microenvironment to protect sperm from phagocytosis by PMNs, thereby supporting sperm survival in the oviduct.Free Japanese abstractA Japanese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/147/2/211/suppl/DC1
The Impact of Salsalate Treatment on Serum Levels of Advanced Glycation End Products in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Barzilay Joshua I. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Fonseca Vivian , Shoelson Steven E. , Goldfine Allison B. , Strauch Christopher , Monnier Vincent M. ,   the TINSAL-T2D Research Consortium
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
Salsalate is a nonacetylated salicylate that lowers glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here we examined whether salsalate also lowered serum-protein-bound levels of early and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) that have been implicated in diabetic vascular complications.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were from the Targeting Inflammation Using Salsalate for Type 2 Diabetes (TINSAL-T2D) study, which examined the impact of salsalate treatment on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and a wide variety of other parameters. One hundred eighteen participants received salsalate, 3.5 g/day for 48 weeks, and 109 received placebo. Early glycation product levels (HbA1c and fructoselysine [measured as furosine]) and AGE levels (glyoxal and methylglyoxal hydroimidazolones [G-1H, MG-1H], carboxymethyllysine [CML], carboxyethyllysine [CEL], pentosidine) were measured in patient serum samples.

RESULTS
Forty-eight weeks of salsalate treatment lowered levels of HbA1c and serum furosine (P &lt; 0.001) and CML compared with placebo. The AGEs CEL and G-1H and MG-1H levels were unchanged, whereas pentosidine levels increased more than twofold (P &lt; 0.001). Among salsalate users, increases in adiponectin levels were associated with lower HbA1c levels during follow-up (P &lt; 0.001). Changes in renal and inflammation factor levels were not associated with changes in levels of early or late glycation factors. Pentosidine level changes were unrelated to changes in levels of renal function, inflammation, or cytokines.

CONCLUSIONS
Salsalate therapy was associated with a reduction in early but not late glycation end products. There was a paradoxical increase in serum pentosidine levels suggestive of an increase in oxidative stress or decreased clearance of pentosidine precursor.
Formulation development and evaluation of Glibenclamide loaded Eudragit RLPO microparticles
Authors: Kumar Balagani Pavan , Chandiran Irisappan Sarath , Jayaveera Korlakunta Narasimha 
Published: November 2013

The objective of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated Glibenclamide produced by the emulsion  solvent evaporation method. Microparticles were prepared using Eudragit RLPO by emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized for their micromeritic properties, encapsulation efficiency, particle size, drug loading, FTIR, DSC, SEM analysis. In vitro release studies were performed in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Stability studies were conducted as per ICH guidelines. The resulting microparticles obtained by solvent evaporation method were free flowing in nature. The mean particle size of microparticles ranges from 134.49  179.72 µm and encapsulation efficiency ranges from 92.30-98.32%. The infrared spectra and differential scanning calorimetry thermographs confirmed the stable character of Glibenclamide in the drug-loaded microparticles. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microparticles were spherical in nature. In vitro release studies revealed that the drug release was sustained up to 12 hrs. The release kinetics of Glibenclamide from optimized formulation followed zero-order and peppas mechanism. The mechanism of drug release from the microparticles was found to be non-Fickian type. Eudragit RLPO microparticles containing Glibenclamide could be prepared successfully by using an emulsion solvent evaporation technique, which will not only sustain the release of drug but also manage complicacy of the diabetes in a better manner.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i12.17016 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2013, 2(12): 196-201
Thymoquinone-loaded PLGA nanoparticles: antioxidant and anti-microbial properties
Authors: Nallamuthu Ilaiyaraja , Parthasarathi Ambica , Khanum Farhath 
Published: November 2013

The aim of the present study was to synthesize and characterize the Thymoquinone (TQ) encapsulated PLGA (poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles, and further evaluate for its antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities. TQ is a potential active ingredient of Nigella sativa seed and possess a spectrum of therapeutic properties. Nanoparticles were prepared according to solid-in-oil-in-water (s/o/w) solvent evaporation method. Dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and SEM studies indicated a mean particle size of < 200 nm. The success of encapsulation was confirmed by FTIR technique, and the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of TQ was determined to be 62%. In vitro drug release study showed a maximum release of TQ at 75% and 54 % respectively for artificial intestinal and gastric juices over the period of 7 days. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the nanoparticles was found to be 71% at 1 mg/ml concentration. It also exhibited antibacterial property against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi strains, tested using well diffusion method. In conclusion, our study shows that PLGA encapsulated TQ nanoparticle with sustained release property has preserved antioxidant as well as anti-microbial activity, and therefore suggesting its therapeutic applications in various food samples.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v2i12.17017 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, November 2013, 2(12): 202-207
Habite-t-on des catégories géographiques ? La ville, la campagne et la montagne dans les récits de trajectoires biographiques
Authors: Petite Mathieu , Debarbieux Bernard 
Published: November 2013

Cet article cherche à comprendre comment des individus en situation de rendre compte de leur trajectoire résidentielle mobilisent la forme du récit biographique, ponctué de catégories géographiques génériques et de lieux spécifiques. L’article porte tout spécialement son attention sur quatre de ces catégories (« ville », « village », « campagne » et « montagne ») dont on montrera qu’elles sont mobilisées selon des modes différents. L’approche par les catégories géographiques permet d’éclairer sous un jour nouveau la question de l’histoire résidentielle et des choix résidentiels et de suggérer que les récits biographiques produits en situation d’enquête se doublent de la production de configurations géographiques.
Carl Schmitt plaide l'amnistie en termes platoniciens, 1949
Authors: Aleksić Branko 
Published: November 2013

L’interrogatoire de Carl Schmitt en 1947 comme témoin du procès de Nuremberg, a pour la première fois mis l’accent sur la responsabilité des intellectuels engagés idéologiquement dans l’appui du régime nazi. Cet interrogatoire a été publié en 1972, et traduit en français en 2003. En se défendant devant le juge Kempner, Schmitt s’est comparé à Platon conseillant le tyran de Sicile ! Il l’a réitéré dans un plaidoyer sur l’amnistie, en 1949, évoquant le dialogue Ménexène . Cette comparaison prétentieuse avec Platon, faite dans une joute, révèle volens nolens que Schmitt était plus qu’un important sympathisant du régime d’Hitler.
Commentaire sur « L´engagement politique des “intellectuels” » de Sophie de Mijolla-Mellor
Authors: Loffredo Ana Maria 
Published: November 2013

Ce texte est centré sur la critique permanente à une opposition entre l’homme intellectuel et l’homme d’action, ayant pour fil conducteur la thématique de la passion, dimension affective impliquée aussi bien dans la production théorique de la part de son créateur que dans la répercussion sur les « hommes d’action », dont l’action concrète veut être légitimée par ces idées, et dans la résonance sur la « masse » d’auditeurs qui le suivent. Il est alors possible de préciser la façon dont raison et croyance opèrent dans un régime d´interventions réciproques, soumises aux mêmes risques impliqués en une « immobilisation dogmatique ». La question de la réactivation de « l’archaïque », mobilisée par certaines circonstances et susceptible d’être observée dans le rapport de la figure du leader avec la masse, nous renvoie au rôle proéminent des notions d’action et de représentation de mot ( Wortvorstellung ) présents dans des textes freudiens séminaux, où s’accentue l’importance cruciale du mot écouté en tant que support de la situation primordiale de précarité.
Le désengagement politique : analyse d'un phénomène contemporain
Authors: Blesson Mathieu 
Published: November 2013

L’engagement est par définition un acte. De là à dire que c’est un acte courageux, il y a un pas que cet article ne franchit pas, pour la simple et bonne raison qu’il est surtout question d’angoisse et de passage à l’acte : autre face inconsciente de l’engagement politique. À travers l’exemple du Club de Rome, et de ses conséquences au plan politique, nous verrons combien la prise de décision motivée par la peur d’avoir peur s’apparente aujourd’hui à un savant calcul uniquement destiné à anticiper un avenir incertain car écologiquement fragile.
Se réfléchir ou l'effort pour briser la clôture
Authors: Stephanatos Gerassimos 
Published: November 2013

L’hypothèse proposée est que le « pensé-figuré » du mouvement de l’ouverture de la clôture, représente l’ agir créateur contenu dans la pensée critique ; entendue comme une pensée réflexive qui est capable de remettre en cause les significations établies et de remettre en question ses propres présupposés. En revanche la clôture du pensable et l’état d’aliénation, dans leurs expressions psychiques et sociales, signent la mise à mort de l’activité de penser. Au travers des références à la position d’Adorno comme représentant de l’École de Francfort, à la réflexion de Cornelius Castoriadis et à la théorisation de l’état d’aliénation de Piera Aulagnier, on a tenté de faire apparaître la complexité de la dialectique théorie / praxis et de mettre en relief la question de la responsabilité politique du pensant-citoyen, qu’il soit théoricien, intellectuel ou profane. La pensée de la praxis peut être aussi une pensée qui est praxis .
Weekly Neoadjuvant Ixabepilone on Surgical Feasibility and Clinical Outcomes in Locally Advanced High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Phase II Clinical Trial
Authors: J.L. Layton  , J.F. Renzulli II  , A.M. Taber  , D. Golijanin  , J.E. Collins  , H.H. Safran  , A.E. Mega  
Published: November 2013

Background:Men diagnosed with locally advanced high-risk prostate cancer have up to a 40% risk of biochemical recurrence after prostatectomy. The authors performed a phase II trial of neoadjuvant weekly ixabepilone prior to radical prostatectomy. Methods:Enrollment criteria included patients with high-risk prostate cancer defined by D¢‚¬„¢Amico criteria or high-volume Gleason 4+3 with a palpable nodule. Patients received ixabepilone 20 mg/m2/week or 16 mg/m2/week for 3 weeks every 28 days for 4 cycles followed by surgery 2-8 weeks later. Results:Sixteen patients were enrolled with a mean age of 56.5 years (range 43-70). PSA values decreased by a mean of 47% in 14/16 men with patients receiving a mean of 8.25 weeks of treatment (range 2-12). Nine men experienced an adverse event requiring dose modification or premature cessation of chemotherapy. Pathologic staging in 9 patients showed T3a, 5 with T3b, and 1 with T2c disease; 8 had R1 disease and 2 demonstrated nodal involvement. Mean operative time, blood loss, and hospital stay were 189 minutes, 184 mL, and 1.5 days, respectively. At median follow-up of 32 months (range 15-45), 4 patients experienced biochemical recurrence. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant weekly ixabepilone had a good PSA response and no increased surgical morbidity; however, a higher dose is associated with significant persistent neuropathy. There were no complete pathologic responses, but biochemical recurrence rate is low. Further assessment of time to treatment failure will require continued, planned follow-up to evaluate the long-term potential clinical benefit of this study.