bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling 3D TGO dynamic growth and stresses and the resulting modes of buckling failure in thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Zhang Jiarui , Guo Wenqi , Ai Yanting , Yao Yudong , Li Tong , Zhao Haigen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on experimental data, this study presents a model of the dynamic growth of a thermally grown oxide (TGO) in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) during thermal cycling. The model was solved using the finite element method. The thermal stress results of the model were compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy of the model. The stress analysis revealed that the combined effect of radial tensile stress and circumferential compressive stress can lead to the delamination of TBCs in a buckling form, which can induce the formation of cracks in TBCs along the axial direction. This observation was consistent with the conclusions drawn from the experimental results. Crack initiation and propagation result from the action of the maximum shear and radial stresses. In addition, the relationship between buckling failure and microscopic cracks was investigated. Thermal cycling induces radial and circumferential cracks, leading to buckling, delamination, and ultimate coating failure as the radial and circumferential cracks interact at the interface.
Oral‐hygiene‐related self‐efficacy in periodontal therapy: A 4‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Thiemann L. , Katzschner M. , Hanna G. , Kruse A. B. , Vach K. , Ratka‐Krüger P. , Woelber J. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimOral hygiene‐related self‐efficacy (OHSE) describes one's confidence to successfully execute oral hygiene behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term course of OHSE in patients during initial periodontal therapy (IPT) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) and its association with clinical parameters.Materials and MethodsPatients diagnosed with periodontitis, undergoing either IPT or SPT, were evaluated at two timepoints. Clinical examination included pocket probing depths (PPDs), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI). Patients' OHSE was assessed with a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included t‐tests and linear regression models.ResultsNinety‐eight patients from an initial group of 201 patients were evaluated after 4 years. The overall OHSE score increased significantly in the IPT group (mean 11.65 ± 15.6, p = .001). The increase in the OHSE category ‘interdental cleaning’ was significantly correlated with a decrease in the number of pockets requiring treatment (Spearman correlation rs = −.2349, p = .022) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) (rs = −.2099, p = .042).ConclusionsPatients under IPT showed a significant increase of OHSE compared to those under SPT. Improved OHSE, particularly in interdental cleaning, appears to be associated with sustained success of periodontal therapy.
Modeling Nonlinear Effects of Person‐by‐Item Covariates in Explanatory Item Response Models: Exploratory Plots and Modeling Using Smooth Functions
Authors: Cho Sun‐Joo , Goodwin Amanda , Naveiras Matthew , De Boeck Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExplanatory item response models (EIRMs) have been applied to investigate the effects of person covariates, item covariates, and their interactions in the fields of reading education and psycholinguistics. In practice, it is often assumed that the relationships between the covariates and the logit transformation of item response probability are linear. However, this linearity assumption obscures the differential effects of covariates over their range in the presence of nonlinearity. Therefore, this paper presents exploratory plots that describe the potential nonlinear effects of person and item covariates on binary outcome variables. This paper also illustrates the use of EIRMs with smooth functions to model these nonlinear effects. The smooth functions examined in this study include univariate smooths of continuous person or item covariates, tensor product smooths of continuous person and item covariates, and by‐variable smooths between a continuous person covariate and a binary item covariate. Parameter estimation was performed using the mgcv R package through the maximum penalized likelihood estimation method. In the empirical study, we identified a nonlinear effect of the person‐by‐item covariate interaction and discussed its practical implications. Furthermore, the parameter recovery and the model comparison method and hypothesis testing procedures presented were evaluated via simulation studies under the same conditions observed in the empirical study.
Clinical performance of different composite materials in class II cavities bonded with universal adhesives
Authors: Özden Gülsüm , Karadas Muhammet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical performance of two composite materials with two universal adhesives and a two‐step self‐etch adhesive on class II restorations for 18 months.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred and fifty‐two class II cavities were bonded with G‐Premio Bond, Single Bond Universal, and Clearfil SE Bond 2. A nanohybrid composite (Filtek Z550 Universal) or a microhybrid composite (G‐aenial Posterior) was used to fill the bonded cavities. World Dental Federation criteria were used to evaluate the restorations at 1 week, 6, and 18 months. Statistical analysis was performed using Friedman and Fisher's exact tests (α = 0.05).ResultsRetention loss and fracture were not observed in any restorations during the 18 months. The adhesives used showed no significant differences for all criteria examined (p > 0.05) regardless of composite material. After an 18‐month follow‐up, seven G‐aenial Posterior and three Filtek Z550 Universal restorations presented slight marginal discrepancies, with no significant differences (p = 0.246). At 1 week, Filtek Z550 Universal (9.5%) led to significantly higher postoperative sensitivity compared with G‐aenial Posterior (0.8%) (p = 0.001).ConclusionsUniversal adhesives showed similar clinical performance to Clearfil SE Bond 2. The restorations with Filtek Z550 Universal had a relatively higher risk of postoperative sensitivity.Clinical SignificanceUniversal adhesives were clinically successful for 18 months. At 1 week, the type of composite material used significantly affected the occurrence of postoperative sensitivity.
Discontinuation versus continuation of statins: A systematic review
Authors: Peixoto Cayden , Choudhri Yasmeen , Francoeur Sara , McCarthy Lisa M. , Fung Celeste , Dowlatshahi Dar , Lemay Geneviève , Barry Arden , Goyal Parag , Pan Jeffrey , Bjerre Lise M. , Thompson Wade 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinicians and patients often face a decision to continue or discontinue statins. We examined the impact of discontinuation of statins compared with continuation on clinical outcomes (all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular [CV] mortality, CV events, and quality of life).MethodsWe conducted a systematic review. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, case–control studies, and quasi‐randomized studies among people ≥18 years were eligible. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Registry (inception to August 2023). Two independent reviewers performed screening and extracted data. Quality assessment was performed by one author and verified by another. We summarized results narratively, performed meta‐analysis for a subset of studies, and used GRADE to assess certainty of evidence. We summarized findings in the subgroup of persons ≥75 years.ResultsWe retrieved 8369 titles/abstracts; 37 reports from 36 studies were eligible. This comprised 35 non‐randomized studies (n = 1,708,684) and 1 RCT (n = 381). The 1 RCT was conducted among persons with life expectancy <1 year and showed there is probably no difference in 60‐day mortality (risk difference = 3.5%, 90% CI −3.5 to 10.5) for statin discontinuation compared with continuation. Non‐randomized studies varied in terms of population and setting, but consistently suggested that statin discontinuation might be associated with a relative increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 1.92, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.44, nine studies), CV mortality (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.10, five reports), and CV events (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.39, eight reports). Findings in people ≥75 years were consistent with main results. There was a high degree of uncertainty in findings from non‐randomized studies due to methodological limitations.ConclusionsStatin discontinuation does not appear to affect short‐term mortality near end‐of‐life based on one RCT. Outside of this population, findings from non‐randomized studies consistently suggested statin discontinuation may be associated with worse outcomes, though this is uncertain.
Age and sex associated organ weight differences in vervets/African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)
Authors: Balamayooran Gayathriy , Tooze Janet A. , Gardin Jean F. , Long Margaret C. , Caudell David L. , Cline J. Mark , Kock Nancy D. , Paitsel Monica , Moore Stacy , Jorgensen Matthew J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAfrican green monkeys (AGMs, also known as vervets, Cholorocebus aethiops sabaeus) have been used in a variety of biomedical research studies. The aim of this study was to generate a reference for normal organ weights and percentage organ weights in AGMs of different age categories and sex.MethodsThe organ weights were compiled from 479 AGMs (285 females and 194 males) from 2004 to 2021. Age and sex differences of absolute and relative organ weights were analyzed using analysis of variance.ResultsThe findings demonstrate that males had higher body and organ weights than age‐matched females, but relative organ weights did not differ between males and females. At maturity, adrenal gland, brain, kidney, liver, thymus, and thyroid gland weights as a percentage of body weight declined, but relative weights of prostate gland, testes, and uterus were higher.ConclusionThese data should be beneficial to biomedical researchers and pathologists working with AGMs.
Sacroiliitis in familial Mediterranean fever: A rare joint involvement of the disease
Authors: Özçelik Emine , Çelikel Elif , Tekin Zahide Ekici , Güngörer Vildan , Karagöl Cüneyt , Kaplan Melike Mehveş , Öner Nimet , Polat Merve Cansu , Öztürk Didem , Ekici Mehveş Işıklar , Es Yasemin Uğur , Acar Banu Çelikel 
Published: July 2024

AimFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disease characterised by recurrent episodes of fever and polyserositis. Sacroiliac joint involvement is rare in FMF patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of patients with FMF who developed sacroiliitis.MethodsThe files of paediatric patients aged 0–18 years who were followed up with a diagnosis of FMF were retrospectively reviewed. FMF patients with evidence of sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included in the study.ResultsAmong 1062 FMF patients, 22 (12 males; median age 8.5) (2.1%) of them were found to have sacroiliitis. FMF was diagnosed before sacroiliitis in nine (40.9%) patients and after in 13 (59.1%) patients. The most common symptom in patients with sacroiliitis was low back pain (n = 21, 95.5%). In MEFV gene analysis, M694V was found in 16 (72.7%) patients and was the most common mutation. MRI showed evidence of sacroiliitis in all patients. All patients were using colchicine. Patients with FMF‐associated sacroiliitis, remission was achieved with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in 12 (54.5%), conventional disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs in six (27.3%) and tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment in four (31.8%). Four (31.8%) patients experienced sacroiliitis when colchicine incompatible and four (31.8%) patients experienced sacroiliitis while using biologic agents for colchicine‐resistant FMF.ConclusionsFMF‐associated sacroiliitis should be considered especially in patients with M694V mutation if they have symptoms such as low back pain. Colchicine‐resistant FMF patients should be evaluated for sacroiliitis symptoms at each visit.
Bridge damage identification based on synchronous statistical moment theory of vehicle–bridge interaction
Authors: Yang Yang , Xu Wenming , Gao Anguo , Yang Qingshan , Gao Yuqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConsidering the weak noise resistance and low identification efficiency of traditional bridge damage identification methods, a data‐driven approach based on synchronous statistical moment theory and vehicle–bridge interaction vibration theory is proposed. This method involves two main steps. First, a two‐axle test vehicle is used to collect acceleration response signals synchronously from adjacent designated measurement points while stationary. This operation is repeated to calculate the second‐order statistical moment curvature (SOSMC) difference of entire bridge points corresponding signals in different states. By comparing with the reference value, the preliminary damage location of the bridge can be obtained. Second, the first‐order modal shape curve is constructed using the second‐order statistical moment (SOSM). The refined identification of bridge damage is then based on an improved direct stiffness back calculation of the bridge's stiffness. This article proposes the synchronization theory for the first time and combines it with the statistical moment clustering method, forming an innovative approach to obtaining structural vibration modes. The effectiveness of this method has been well validated through numerical simulations with different parameters and on‐site bridge tests. The research results indicate that SOSMC indicators have better noise resistance and higher recognition efficiency in identifying damage locations, compared to modal curvature and flexibility curvature indicators. Additionally, compared to transfer rate and random subspace methods, the SOSM method results in smaller error and higher identification efficiency.
Pushing the limits: expanding the temperature tolerance of a coral photosymbiont through differing selection regimes
Authors: Scharfenstein Hugo J. , Peplow Lesa M. , Alvarez‐Roa Carlos , Nitschke Matthew R. , Chan Wing Yan , Buerger Patrick , van Oppen Madeleine J. H. 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Coral thermal bleaching resilience can be improved by enhancing photosymbiont thermal tolerance via experimental evolution. While successful for some strains, selection under stable temperatures was ineffective at increasing the thermal threshold of an already thermo‐tolerant photosymbiont (Durusdinium trenchii). Corals from environments with fluctuating temperatures tend to have comparatively high heat tolerance. Therefore, we investigated whether exposure to temperature oscillations can raise the upper thermal limit of D. trenchii.

We exposed a D. trenchii strain to stable and fluctuating temperature profiles, which varied in oscillation frequency. After 2.1 yr (54–73 generations), we characterised the adaptive responses under the various experimental evolution treatments by constructing thermal performance curves of growth from 21 to 31°C for the heat‐evolved and wild‐type lineages. Additionally, the accumulation of extracellular reactive oxygen species, photophysiology, photosynthesis and respiration rates were assessed under increasing temperatures.

Of the fluctuating temperature profiles investigated, selection under the most frequent oscillations (diurnal) induced the greatest widening of D. trenchii's thermal niche. Continuous selection under elevated temperatures induced the only increase in thermal optimum and a degree of generalism.

Our findings demonstrate how differing levels of thermal homogeneity during selection drive unique adaptive responses to heat in a coral photosymbiont.
Increased healthcare burden and comorbidity risks of pediatric patients with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: Analysis of Nationwide Emergency Department Sample 2015–2019
Authors: Molnar Brenda Abreu , Yang Lynna J. , Paller Amy S. , Ren Ziyou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) describes a rare genetic blistering disorder characterized by fragile skin. This study aimed to classify the frequency, demographics, cost, and comorbidities associated with emergency department (ED) visits due to DEB.MethodsThe Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) was analyzed for pediatric (age <18) ED visits from 2015 to 2019. DEB was identified with ICD‐10‐CM code Q81.2. Weighted frequency, prevalence, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of comorbidities were determined among ED visits with and without a DEB diagnosis.ResultsFrom 2015 to 2019, 53 (weighted 242) cases of DEB among 27,223,220 pediatric ED visits were captured. Patients with DEB were more likely to visit the ED in summer compared with those without a diagnosis of DEB (35.7% vs. 21.4%, P < .05). More than half of patients with DEB were admitted to the hospital (56.2%, 95% CI: 39.3–72.5, P < .001) versus only 3.4% (95% CI: 3.1–3.7) of other patients.For ED visits with a secondary DEB diagnosis, the top three primary diagnoses were fever, constipation, and bone marrow transplant aftercare. Patients with DEB had higher rates of hypertension, cellulitis, sepsis, acute and chronic kidney injury, esophageal obstruction, gastroesophageal reflux disease, cardiomyopathy, and anxiety, compared to patients without DEB (all P < .001).ConclusionsDEB is a complex blistering disorder with multisystemic manifestations. Patients with DEB have significantly higher admission rates and commonly present with infectious or gastrointestinal complications. Understanding the features of ED visits due to DEB can better prepare healthcare teams and improve patient outcomes.
Enhanced body shape change coupled with PA is the key to hypertension management for urban residents
Authors: Wang Fei , Zhang Xin , Wang Xinyu , Zhao Yixuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the relationship between body shape, physical activity (PA), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). A novel visualization method was used to examine the effects of body shape combined with physical activity on hypertension. Data from 54,303 participants were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) and analyzed using logistic regression models and standardized regression coefficients of linear models. These models were used to explore factors and effects of body shape indices and other parameters on SBP and DBP. The logistic regression model revealed that compared to transport‐related PA, the aggregated variables (weight and waist) were associated with a 2.44‐fold and 1.65‐fold increase in the risk of hypertension, respectively (p < .05). The average aggregated standardized coefficient of the linear model, based on 1000 bootstrap resamples, indicated that the Base Shape group had the strongest explanatory power for hypertension, followed by the Habits group. However, the explanatory power of the PA group was around 10 and 22 times lower than that of the Base Shape group for DBP and SBP, respectively (p < .05). These results demonstrate that increasing physical activity, with emphasizing a healthy body shape, and adopting positive lifestyle habits can effectively contribute to the prevention and control of hypertension.
A study on the effects of informal care on the health of older adults—Evidence from China
Authors: Xu Qinglin , Jia Cangcang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to explore the impact of informal care on the health of older adults, providing data to inform the development of informal care systems and social support policies for long‐term care services in developing countries.MethodsBased on data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to empirically analyze the effects of informal care on older adults’ self‐rated health, depression, and anxiety.ResultsA total of 4790 older adults were included in the study sample, with 3194 receiving informal care and 1596 not receiving informal care. The results indicated that older adults who received informal care reported better self‐rated health and had lower depression and anxiety scores compared to those who did not receive informal care. Among different groups, the positive effects of informal care on physical and mental health were more significant for very old adults, rural residents, and those without a spouse. Informal care had a greater positive impact on the physical health of women and the mental health of men.ConclusionGovernment agencies should promote effective coordination between informal and formal care through financial support, awareness campaigns, and policy incentives. This will help to accelerate the improvement of the long‐term care system and effectively meet the long‐term care needs of older adults.
Cracking the myth: Bivalve farming is not a CO2 sink
Authors: Pernet Fabrice , Dupont Sam , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre , Metian Marc , Gazeau Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBivalve farming was usually considered as a CO2 source through respiration and calcification, but recent studies suggest its potential as a CO2 sink, prompting exploration of its inclusion in carbon markets. Here we reviewed the scientific basis behind this idea and found that it is not supported by observational and experimental studies. This idea indeed arises from carbon budget models that are based on theoretical misconceptions regarding seawater carbonate chemistry. The main misunderstanding consists of assuming that the carbon trapped in the shell originates from atmospheric CO2 when it mostly comes from (bi)carbonate ions. While these ions originate from atmospheric CO2 through the erosion of minerals over geological time scales, their incorporation into shells does not prompt short‐term CO2 compensation. The opposite occurs—calcification releases CO2 in seawater and limits or even prevents the uptake of atmospheric CO2. Some authors suggest that considering the bivalve farm ecosystem could change the perspective on the source/sink issue but there is no evidence for that now. Most ecosystem‐based carbon budget models rely on several unverified assumptions and estimates. Although challenging, field measurements must be conducted for monitoring, reporting, and verifying atmospheric CO2 uptake before qualifying for carbon credits. To achieve scientific consensus, we need reinforcing measurement‐based studies of CO2 fluxes in shellfish ecosystems, integrating carbon balance models with observational and experimental science, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. Although bivalve farming provides numerous environmental benefits and is vital for sustainable aquaculture, there is currently no evidence that it contributes to CO2 capture.