bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMIP5 Projections of Arctic Amplification, of the North American/North Atlantic Circulation, and of Their Relationship
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Recent studies have hypothesized that Arctic amplification, the enhanced warming of the Arctic region compared to the rest of the globe, will cause changes in midlatitude weather over the twenty-first century. This study exploits the recently completed phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and examines 27 state-of-the-art climate models to determine if their projected changes in the midlatitude circulation are consistent with the hypothesized impact of Arctic amplification over North America and the North Atlantic.
Under the largest future greenhouse forcing (RCP8.5), it is found that every model, in every season, exhibits Arctic amplification by 2100. At the same time, the projected circulation responses are either opposite in sign to those hypothesized or too widely spread among the models to discern any robust change. However, in a few seasons and for some of the circulation metrics examined, correlations are found between the model spread in Arctic amplification and the model spread in the projected circulation changes. Therefore, while the CMIP5 models offer some evidence that future Arctic warming may be able to modulate some aspects of the midlatitude circulation response in some seasons, the analysis herein leads to the conclusion that the net circulation response in the future is unlikely to be determined solely—or even primarily—by Arctic warming according to the sequence of events recently hypothesized.
Estimating a Submesoscale Diffusivity Using a Roughness Measure Applied to a Tracer Release Experiment in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Boland Emma J. D. , Shuckburgh Emily , Haynes Peter H. , Ledwell James R. , Messias Marie-José , Watson Andrew J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe use of a measure to diagnose submesoscale isopycnal diffusivity by determining the best match between observations of a tracer and simulations with varying small-scale diffusivities is tested. Specifically, the robustness of a “roughness” measure to discriminate between tracer fields experiencing different submesoscale isopycnal diffusivities and advected by scaled altimetric velocity fields is investigated. This measure is used to compare numerical simulations of the tracer released at a depth of about 1.5 km in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the Diapycnal and Isopycnal Mixing Experiment in the Southern Ocean (DIMES) field campaign with observations of the tracer taken on DIMES cruises. The authors find that simulations with an isopycnal diffusivity of ~20 m2 s−1 best match observations in the Pacific sector of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), rising to ~20–50 m2 s−1 through Drake Passage, representing submesoscale processes and any mesoscale processes unresolved by the advecting altimetry fields. The roughness measure is demonstrated to be a statistically robust way to estimate a small-scale diffusivity when measurements are relatively sparse in space and time, although it does not work if there are too few measurements overall. The planning of tracer measurements during a cruise in order to maximize the robustness of the roughness measure is also considered. It is found that the robustness is increased if the spatial resolution of tracer measurements is increased with the time since tracer release.
Mitigating Observation Perturbation Sampling Errors in the Stochastic EnKF
Authors: Hoteit I. , Pham D.-T. , Gharamti M. E. , Luo X. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The stochastic ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) updates its ensemble members with observations perturbed with noise sampled from the distribution of the observational errors. This was shown to introduce noise into the system and may become pronounced when the ensemble size is smaller than the rank of the observational error covariance, which is often the case in real oceanic and atmospheric data assimilation applications. This work introduces an efficient serial scheme to mitigate the impact of observations’ perturbations sampling in the analysis step of the EnKF, which should provide more accurate ensemble estimates of the analysis error covariance matrices. The new scheme is simple to implement within the serial EnKF algorithm, requiring only the approximation of the EnKF sample forecast error covariance matrix by a matrix with one rank less. The new EnKF scheme is implemented and tested with the Lorenz-96 model. Results from numerical experiments are conducted to compare its performance with the EnKF and two standard deterministic EnKFs. This study shows that the new scheme enhances the behavior of the EnKF and may lead to better performance than the deterministic EnKFs even when implemented with relatively small ensembles.
Pediatric Patients With Multifocal Papillary Thyroid Cancer Have Higher Recurrence Rates Than Adult Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of a Large Pediatric Thyroid Cancer Cohort Over 33 Years
Authors: Lee Young Ah , Jung Hae Woon , Kim Hwa Young , Choi Hoonsung , Kim Hyun-Young , Hah J. Hun , Park Do Joon , Chung June-Key , Yang Sei Won , Shin Choong Ho , Park Young Joo 
Published: April 2015

Context:Large-sample studies with long-term follow-up data are limited for pediatric patients with thyroid cancer.Objective:Secular changes in clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes in pediatric patients with thyroid cancer were investigated and compared with those of adults.Design and Patients:A retrospective review of 150 pediatric patients with thyroid cancer managed between 1980 and 2013 was conducted. The long-term outcomes of 124 patients followed up for 12 months or longer were evaluated. Predictors of recurrence-free survival (RFS) in pediatric patients with papillary thyroid cancer (ped-PTC group) were compared with those of 3071 adult patients.Results:The proportion of small tumors (&lt;1 cm) increased from 9.0% before 2010 to 36.8% after 2010 (P &lt; .001); however, neither pathological presentations such as multifocality, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), lymph node (LN) metastasis, or lung metastasis nor the RFS rate changed over time. The 5- and 10-year recurrence rates were 14.5% and 34.4% in pediatric patients, respectively. In respective analyses of the ped-PTC group and patients of all ages with papillary thyroid cancer (all ages group), the rates of ETE, LN metastasis, and lung metastasis were higher with younger age (all P for trend &lt;.05). RFS was lower in the pediatric than the adult patients aged 20–54 years (P &lt; .005) and was comparable with that of older patients (≥55 y). Only tumor multifocality and size predicted recurrence in the ped-PTC group (P &lt; .05), whereas LN metastasis and ETE also predicted recurrence in the all-ages group (P &lt; .01). Among patients in the all-ages group with multifocal tumors, pediatric patients had the lowest RFS (P &lt; .05).Conclusions:The pathological characteristics and recurrence rates of pediatric thyroid cancer have not changed over 33 years. Although younger patients present with more advanced disease, multifocality rather than age at diagnosis predicted recurrence. Recurrence was higher in pediatric than adult patients with multifocal papillary thyroid cancer.
The Effect of a Whey Protein Supplement on Bone Mass in Older Caucasian Adults
Authors: Kerstetter Jane E. , Bihuniak Jessica D. , Brindisi Jennifer , Sullivan Rebecca R. , Mangano Kelsey M. , Larocque Sarah , Kotler Belinda M. , Simpson Christine A. , Cusano Anna Maria , Gaffney-Stomberg Erin , Kleppinger Alison , Reynolds Jesse , Dziura James , Kenny Anne M. , Insogna Karl L. 
Published: April 2015

Context:It has been assumed that the increase in urine calcium (Ca) that accompanies an increase in dietary protein was due to increased bone resorption. However, studies using stable Ca isotopes have found that dietary protein increases Ca absorption without increasing bone resorption.Objective:The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of a moderately high protein diet on bone mineral density (BMD).Design:This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of protein supplementation daily for 18 months.Setting:The study was conducted at two institutional research centers.Participants:Two hundred eight older women and men with a body mass index between 19 and 32 kg/m2 and a self-reported protein intake between 0.6 and 1.0 g/kg participated in the study.Intervention:Subjects were asked to incorporate either a 45-g whey protein or isocaloric maltodextrin supplement into their usual diet for 18 months.Main Outcome Measure:BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, body composition, and markers of skeletal and mineral metabolism were measured at baseline and at 9 and 18 months.Results:There were no significant differences between groups for changes in L-spine BMD (primary outcome) or the other skeletal sites of interest. Truncal lean mass was significantly higher in the protein group at 18 months (P = .048). C-terminal telopeptide (P = .0414), IGF-1 (P = .0054), and urinary urea (P &lt; .001) were also higher in the protein group at the end of the study period. There was no difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate at 18 months.Conclusion:Our data suggest that protein supplementation above the recommended dietary allowance (0.8 g/kg) may preserve fat-free mass without adversely affecting skeletal health or renal function in healthy older adults.
Cerebral Arterial Territories Most Obstructed in Ischemic Stroke: Experience of a Tropical Low Income Practice Center
Authors: Assogba Komi , Balogou Koffi A.A. , Amegnidou Mawulom K. , Belo Mofou , Apetsè Kossivi M. , Amadou Abdoulatif 
Published: April 2015

Background: The cerebral arterial territory corresponds to a specific brain area irrigated by an artery. Stroke remains the leading cause of physical disability acquired wide world. We aimed to identify different arterial territories affected among patients hospitalized for ischaemic stroke.
Materials and Methods: We have conducted a retrospective study in the neurology department of our tertiary hospital. The study has carried out inpatients presenting with clinical features of ischaemic stroke from January to December 2012. Their brains CT scan have shown infarction areas. Patients excluded were those presented with clinical manifestations of stroke but did not perform a CT scan and those with a hemorrhagic stroke or transient ischaemic attack with normal CT scan.
Results: We have analyzed 64 cases among 408 inpatients which have given a frequency of 15.7%. The sample has included 31 (48.4%) men for 33 (51.6%) women. The mean age was 61.7 years. The clinical features were marked by motor deficit (right or left) in 98.4% followed by aphasia 35.9% and impaired consciousness, 26.6%. We have observed 31(48.4%) infarction in the right hemisphere and 36(56.3%) in the left. Two patients (3.1%) had bilateral brain infarcts. Depending on the arterial territories obstructed, the middle cerebral artery was the most affected with 76.6% followed by the anterior cerebral artery, 14.1%, the anterior choroid artery, 7.8% and the cerebellar arteries with 3.1%. The cortical and central arteries branches were affected in 82.7% and 68.8% respectively.
Conclusion: This study has highlighted the useful tools to recognize arteries areas frequently affected in ischaemic stroke. The affected brain area can easily be attached to an arterial territory with a specific anatomic and radioclinic correlation syndrome.
Analysis of the Impact of Chinese Wood Product Manufacturers' Exports
Authors: Qin Guangyuan , Cheng Baodong , Zeng Yinchu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Since the end of the last century, exports from the Chinese wood processing sector have experienced very rapid growth and played an increasingly important role in the world's wood product trade market. Based on data from Chinese wood product companies for 1998 to 2007, an empirical analysis of the factors influencing wood product exports was conducted using a panel Tobit model. We discovered that companies in the eastern regions can export more easily compared with those in the midland and western areas; larger companies enjoy more favorable export conditions, with more advantageous outcomes during risk taking and higher sunk costs; enterprises with a higher proportion of foreign capital tend to export more, as do enterprises whose capital originates principally from Hong Kong, Macao, or Taiwan; the original equipment manufacturer or original design manufacturer still predominates in the wood processing industry; exporting made negative influence for wood processing enterprises' performance during that time; capital density makes no impact on wood processing enterprises' exports; and, finally, companies' registered addresses have no direct connection with exports of wood processing enterprises.
Influência da Gestão Pública na Motivação dos Professores
Authors: Pereira Daianne , Cassundé Fernanda 
Published: April 2015

Esse artigo tem como propósito e objetivo geral analisar a influência da gestão pública na motivação dos professores no contexto de uma rede pública de ensino e como objetivos específicos: verificar quais aspectos motivacionais para os professores a gestão de um colégio da rede estadual atende e quais este não atende e analisar quais ajustes motivacionais, ou seja, o que poderia ser feitos para tornar esta gestão mais eficiente para motivar os professores. Para isso utiliza-se o método científico através de entrevistas estruturadas com gestor e professores do colégio, focando-se na pesquisa qualitativa. Compreendendo assim, a realidade atual do colégio tem-se quanto aos fins, a pesquisa descritiva e quanto aos meios de investigação o estudo de caso. Dessa maneira, tem-se como resultado que a gestão pública necessita inserir estratégias que motive os professores dessa instituição de ensino, chegando-se a conclusão de que os docentes buscam a cada dia se qualificar.
Escola e Família: Aliança na formação do cidadão
Authors: Lopes Raimundo Edilberto Moreira , Vilalba Osvaldo Arsênio 
Published: April 2015

<p>A relação família-escola apresenta-se como destaque nas discussões acerca do sucesso do aluno tanto no desenvolvimento cognitivo quanto na sua formação cidadã. É no ambiente familiar e escolar que o sujeito se prepara de acordo os aspectos culturais e sócio-históricos constituídos e constituintes para atuar na sociedade. Portanto, família e escola precisam, necessariamente, aliarem-se com vistas a esse fim. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se verificar a existência, a necessidade e a contribuição da integração entre escola e família na construção da formação para uma vida cidadã. O enfoque dado à pesquisa é o quali-quantitativo de nível analítico descritivo de corte transversal. Tivemos como principal instrumento de coleta de dados, questionários diversificados aplicados aos 05 segmentos da amostra, com perguntas fechadas e abertas e semi-estruturadas. O universo da pesquisa abrangeu os 3 membros do núcleo gestor, 22 professores, 14 funcionários, 512 alunos e 351 famílias dos alunos do 6º ao 9ºanos; todos da Escola de Ensino Fundamental Centro Educacional Municipal Celestino de Sousa- CEMCS- Banabuiú-Ceará-Brasil. Os dados coletados foram expostos em tabelas e gráficos e analisados à luz das teorias estudadas. Constatamos ao longo das leituras, das pesquisas e das relações estabelecidas que a ideia de democracia encontra-se presente nas mais diversas concepções daqueles que fazem as instituições sociais, no entanto, não sabem muito bem administrar as suas funções para o exercício dessa democracia, delegando a outros o seu verdadeiro papel na formação do cidadão, como é o caso da família que delega à escola toda essa responsabilidade. A instituição escolar tem trabalhado de certa forma, isolada da família, quando as decisões são apenas legitimadas pela comunidade escolar de uma forma pseudo democrática; como também a família não deve se colocar distante da escola, pois ambas as instituições buscam o mesmo objetivo: a formação do educando.</p>
Saúde e Espiritualidade: As Narrativas Profissionais na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Barros Júnior Josué , Barbosa Rayanne De Sousa , Luna Neto Raimundo Tavares de , Tavares Natália Bastos Ferreira , Freitas Kerma Márcia De , Cruz Cleciana Alves , Moura Úrsula Hérica Dos Santos 
Published: April 2015

<p>Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar a percepção dos profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre espiritualidade e saúde no cotidiano da atenção básica. Usou-se um estudo explicativo com abordagem qualitativa e o cenário utilizado foi a Estratégia Saúde da Família Cidade Nova, ICÓ-CE, os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 16 profissionais da ESF Cidade Nova, sendo eles Enfermeiros, Médicos, Técnicos de Enfermagem e Agentes Comunitários de Saúde. Observou-se que o cuidado espiritual ao paciente caracteriza um desafio subsidiado pela formação, maturidade, habilidade, serenidade e sensibilidade às reais necessidades do outro. Percebeu-se que a dimensão espiritual formará um novo paradigma social onde beneficiará a saúde integral da pessoa e capacitará o profissional a lidar com o paciente. Os profissionais, no geral, não estão preparados para prestar o cuidado espiritual aos pacientes, pois se necessita de uma implicação processual e pessoal de autoconhecimento e amadurecimento, uma experiência de fé significativa. Sendo assim, espera-se que esse estudo venha contribuir para a melhoria no atendimento e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes assistidos na unidade básica de saúde, trazendo novos conhecimentos, e mostrando a importância da espiritualidade inserida nesse contexto, no intuito de oferecer uma visão ampla aos profissionais nessa temática, trazendo benefícios para os mesmos e para os pacientes.</p>
Assistência Pré- Natal: Uma Avaliação do Serviço Público de Saúde no Atendimento às Gestantes no Município de Icó- CE
Authors: Dantas Vanessa Machado Custódio , Luna Neto Raimundo Tavares de , Freitas Kerma Márcia de , Teixeira Olga Feitosa Braga , Felipe Francinete Alves , Alencar Alan Felipe Oliveira de , Cruz Cleciana Alves , Moura Úrsula Hérica Dos Santos , Tavares Natália Bastos Ferreira 
Published: April 2015

<p>Tendo em vista as inúmeras transformações biopsicossociais que a mulher apresenta durante o período gravídico, o pré-natal vem como o objetivo de assegurar um desenvolvimento de uma gestação segura e livre de riscos, bem como, um parto e pós-parto saudáveis. A assistência a gestante no acompanhamento pré-natal, no entanto, consiste na junção de ações e instrumentos que unidos exercem medidas de assisti-las em todas as suas necessidades, assim como, na realização de condutas preventivas, educativas e curativas. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a qualidade da assistência prestada as gestantes do município de Icó- CE, com foco na estrutura, no processo e nos resultados da Unidade Básicas de Saúde- UBS. Sendo composta por duas fases, a primeira uma pesquisa do tipo exploratório descritiva, transversal com abordagem quantitativa e a segunda do tipo documental, devido a utilização de dados secundários. O estudo foi realizado nas 08 equipes de saúde da família da zona urbana do município e na Secretaria de Saúde da referida cidade. Foi utilizado o instrumento de Avaliação da Qualidade da Assistência Pré-Natal criado por Rocha (2011). Os dados foram organizados em tabelas e após serem tabulados foram confrontados com a literatura. Para realização deste estudo foram observados os pressupostos da resolução 466/12 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (CNS- MS) que do qual dispõe sobre pesquisa com seres humanos. Após a análise dos dados no que tange à estrutura das unidades da zona urbana da cidade, pode-se observar que as mesmas atendem aos requisitos mínimos e considerados indispensáveis para que esta assistência possa ocorrer com qualidade, porém há ainda os vieses e pontos falhos que ainda podem interferir na qualidade destes atendimentos e que precisam de atenção. Com relação aos indicadores, apesar de não terem como ter sido usado todos aqueles disponíveis pelo MS, pelo fato da indisponibilidade de dados do SISPRENATAL e por este ainda estar em processo de adaptação, nem todos os utilizados refletiram um resultado satisfatório, mostra que há pontos frágeis que também necessitam de de cuidado.</p><p> </p>
The Americleft Project: A Proposed Expanded Nasolabial Appearance Yardstick for 5- to 7-Year-Old Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate (CUCLP)
Authors: Mercado A.M. , Russell K.A. , Daskalogiannakis J. , Hathaway R.R. , Semb G. , Ozawa T. , Smith A. , Lin A.Y. , Long R.E. 
Published: April 2015

Objective To develop a yardstick of reference photographs for nasolabial appearance assessments of 5- to 7-year-old patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP). Design Blind retrospective analysis of clinical records and comparison to historical controls. Patients Subjects were two groups of 6- to 12-year-olds (n = 124 and n = 135) and one group of 5- to 7-year-olds (n = 149) with nonsyndromic CUCLP from three previous Americleft studies, including cohorts from seven different cleft/craniofacial centers. Interventions All patients received the infant management protocols of their respective centers. Eleven trained and calibrated judges (five participated in all three studies) did blind ratings of nasolabial appearance using the Asher-McDade method. Main Outcome Measures Patients receiving the most consistent ratings between judges, selected first from the groups of 6- to 12-year-olds, were used to create a pilot yardstick for eventual use in the third study of 5- to 7-year-olds. For each of the Asher-McDade categories, 8 of the 5- to 7-year-old patients receiving the most consistent scores between raters were ranked by 10 judges for a final elimination to leave three per category. Results Using this method of successive changes in rating methods, a new reference yardstick for nasolabial appearance rating was established and linked to the original Asher-McDade method as well as the single examples in a previously published yardstick for patients with CUCLP. Pilot testing using the yardstick improved reliabilities. Conclusions Use of an expanded nasolabial yardstick of reference photographs representative of the range of possibilities of each of the five Asher-McDade categories is now available to see if reliability of these ratings can be improved.