bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison between transoral glottis‐widening techniques for bilateral vocal fold immobility
Authors: Szakács László , Sztanó Balázs , Matievics Vera , Bere Zsófia , Bach Adam , Castellanos Paul F. , Rovó László 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveComparison of different endoscopic glottis‐widening procedures designed for bilateral vocal cord immobility (BVCI) is a challenge. This is because a statistically efficient analysis and comparable clinical series is hard to obtain considering the variable aspects of the results and the evaluation methods. This study of a large number of cadaver larynges provides comparable, objective data for the evaluation of the possible postoperative breathing and voicing function.Study DesignA morphometric study was performed on 50 male and 50 female larynges to compare the different suture lateralization and resection procedures.MethodsThe postoperative characteristic of glottic configuration was evaluated following vocal cord laterofixation, endolaryngeal arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL), Schobel's external lateralization procedure (SELP), transverse cordotomy (TC), and medial and total arytenoidectomies (AE). The glottic area and the parameters determining the phoniatric outcomes were assessed by a digital image analyzer program.ResultsImprovement of glottic area was observed after all procedures, but arytenoid abduction procedures were significantly the most effective. However, the smallest vocal cord angles were found in TC and AE; the injury of the voicing structures results in a deterioration of vocal mechanics and can be reasonably assumed to negatively influence the voice. Endolaryngeal arytenoid abduction lateropexy and SELP may provide the best phonation closure when residual adduction regeneration can occur.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the complexity of the correct surgical decision making in BVCI. Procedures that utilize physiological abduction of the arytenoid cartilage seem to be more advantageous, especially if recovery of adductor function occurs.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:2522–2529, 2015
Evaluative Conditioning of Food Technologies
Authors: Loebnitz Natascha , Grunert Klaus G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTConsumer attitudes play an important role in the acceptance of new technologies. The success of food innovations depends on understanding how consumers form and change attitudes toward food technologies. Earlier post hoc explanations suggest that evaluative conditioning can change consumer attitudes toward food technologies. The present study tests how evaluative conditioning can affect consumer acceptance of new food technologies. Furthermore, authors investigate whether evaluative conditioning is resistant to extinction after a two‐month period and whether the evaluative conditioning effect prevails in a product‐related context. Within an evaluative conditioning paradigm including between‐subjects control groups in addition to standard within‐subjects control conditions, participants were presented with three food technologies (conventional, enzyme, and genetic technology) paired with affectively positive, neutral, and negative pictures. Subsequent evaluative measurements revealed that evaluative conditioning can explain attitude change toward food technologies when affective pictures are used. Furthermore, results indicate that evaluative conditioning is resistant to extinction after two months and acquired evaluative conditioning effect spills over in a product‐related context.
A Safe‐Anesthesia Innovation for Emergency and Life‐Improving Surgeries When no Anesthetist is Available: A Descriptive Review of 193 Consecutive Surgeries
Authors: Burke Thomas , Manglani Yogeeta , Altawil Zaid , Dickson Alexandra , Clark Rachel , Okelo Stephen , Ahn Roy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe worldwide human resource gap in anesthesia services often presents a barrier to accessing life‐saving and life‐improving surgeries. This paper assessed the impact of a ketamine anesthesia package, Every Second Matters‐Ketamine (ESM‐Ketamine)™, for use in emergency and life‐improving surgeries by non‐anesthetist clinicians in a resource‐limited setting when no anesthetist was available.MethodsWe analyzed prospectively collected data from 193 surgeries constituting a pilot implementation of the ESM‐Ketamine package, among three sub‐district hospitals in Western Kenya. The study population comprises patients who required emergency or life‐improving surgery when no anesthetist was available. Non‐anesthetist clinicians in three sub‐district hospitals underwent a 5‐day training course in ESM‐Ketamine complemented by checklists and an ESM‐Ketamine Kit. Data were collected prospectively every time the ESM‐Ketamine pathway was invoked. The training cases, although primarily tubal ligations, were included. The primary outcome measures centered on capturing the ability to safely support emergency and life‐improving surgeries, when no anesthetist was available, through invoking the ESM‐Ketamine pathway. The registry was critically examined using standard descriptive and frequency analysis.Results193 surgical procedures were supported using the ESM‐Ketamine package by five ESM‐Ketamine trained providers. Brief (<30 s) patient desaturation below 92 % and hallucinations occurred in 16 out of 186 (8.6 %) and 23 out of 190 patients (12.1 %), respectively. There were no reported major adverse events such as death, prolonged desaturations (over 30 s), or injury resulting from ketamine use.ConclusionThis study provides promising initial evidence that the ESM‐Ketamine package can support emergency and life‐improving surgeries in resource‐limited settings when no anesthetist is available.
Balancing the Tide of Globalization: Maintaining Afro-Caribbean Cultural Power and Indigenous Identity in the Dance Studio
Authors: Wilson Lisa 
Published: June 2015

Historically, during the first wave of globalization, then known as colonialism, efforts were made by colonizers to silence indigenous cultural expressions as a means of establishing power and control. In this current wave of globalization, which is marked by an aggressive technological revolution that has facilitated greater connectedness and spread of the more dominant North Atlantic aesthetic values and practices across the globe, Afro-Caribbean traditional cultural expressions face the potential risk of being obsolete and powerless in the dancing lives of young studio-based dancers in the Caribbean. This paper presents findings of a qualitative study into measures taken by Caribbean dance teachers (n = 6), from Jamaica, Grenada, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, to promote Afro-Caribbean movement aesthetics and practices in their dance studios with young people. I will argue that such measures are important to the empowerment of the Afro-Caribbean dancing body and to safeguard against colonial structures in post-colonial Caribbean dance education.
Early downregulation of Mcl-1 regulates apoptosis triggered by cardiac glycoside UNBS1450
Authors: Cerella C , Muller F , Gaigneaux A , Radogna F , Viry E , Chateauvieux S , Dicato M , Diederich M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCardiac glycosides (CGs), prescribed to treat cardiovascular alterations, display potent anti-cancer activities. Despite their well-established target, the sodium/potassium (Na+/K+)-ATPase, downstream mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. UNBS1450 is a hemi-synthetic cardenolide derived from 2″-oxovorusharin extracted from the plantCalotropis procera, which is effective against various cancer cell types with an excellent differential toxicity. By comparing adherent and non-adherent cancer cell types, we validated Mcl-1 as a general and early target of UNBS1450. A panel of CGs including cardenolides ouabain, digitoxin and digoxin as well as bufadienolides cinobufagin and proscillaridin A allowed us to generalize our findings. Our results show that Mcl-1, but not Bcl-xL nor Bcl-2, is rapidly downregulated prior to induction of apoptosis. From a mechanistic point of view, we exclude an effect on transcription and demonstrate involvement of a pathway affecting protein stability and requiring the proteasome in the early CG-induced Mcl-1 downregulation, without the involvement of caspases or the BH3-only protein NOXA. Strategies aiming at preventing UNBS1450-induced Mcl-1 downregulation by overexpression of a mutated, non-ubiquitinable form of the protein or the use of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 inhibited the compound’s ability to induce apoptosis. Altogether our results point at Mcl-1 as a ubiquitous factor, downregulated by CGs, whose modulation is essential to achieve cell death.
Miniaturised broadband top‐loaded planar monopole antenna with binary‐encoded sleeves
Authors: Trinh‐Van Son , Hwang Keum‐Cheol 
Published: June 2015

A miniaturised broadband top‐loaded planar monopole (TLPM) antenna with binary‐encoded sleeves is proposed. The antenna consists of a TLPM with an embedded artificial transmission line to reduce the operating frequency. To broaden the operating bandwidth of the proposed miniaturised monopole antenna, the binary‐encoded sleeves are utilised and optimised using a genetic algorithm. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth is 800–1265 MHz (45.04%). A peak gain of 4.11 dBi and consistent radiation patterns are achieved within the operating frequency band.
Full‐band transition from substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide
Authors: Lee Hongyeal , Yun Sohyeun , Uhm Manseok , Yom Inbok 
Published: June 2015

A novel substrate integrated waveguide to rectangular waveguide (RWG) transition for effective power transfer is proposed. The substrate taper is inserted into a conventional height‐stepped impedance transformer of the RWG region to improve transmission loss and bandwidth. The transition is designed to cover the entire K‐band (18–26 GHz), showing a return loss of 20 dB. A back‐to‐back transition has been fabricated to verify the proposed transition. The experimental results show good agreement with the analysis. The transmission loss of the stand‐alone transition is 0.22 dB at 21.7 GHz with a usable bandwidth of 36%.
UHF RFID tags backscattered power measurement in reverberation chamber
Authors: Koné L. , Kassi R. , Rolland N. 
Published: June 2015

Presented is a methodology for measuring the power backscattered by ultra‐high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) tags by using a modes stirrer reverberation chamber. The actual measurement methodology is described and its advantage and disadvantage against the conventional setup using anechoic chambers are outlined. Then, some results of power measurements performed with the three Gen2 class 1 tags are presented. The experimented tags' sensitivity and radiation efficiency as a function of incident power are finally derived. The results are very encouraging and demonstrate the feasibility of such a characterisation in modes stirred reverberation chambers. All the measurements were carried out at a single frequency of about 866 MHz.
Experimental observation of RF avalanche gain in GaN‐based PN junction diodes
Authors: Fay P. , Aktas O. , Bour D. , Kizilyalli I.C. 
Published: June 2015

Radio‐frequency (RF) reflection gain in GaN homojunction p‐n diode structures has been observed experimentally. A vertical p+/n structure grown on a native GaN substrate was used to achieve the high internal electric fields necessary to induce impact ionisation in GaN while minimising the effects of dislocations on the device performance. Amplitude and phase signatures in the measured RF reflection coefficient indicate the onset of impact ionisation within the device, with reflection gain observed at frequencies above 350 MHz. The magnitude of the measured gain is consistent with theoretical estimates of impact ionisation parameters, and the bias dependence of the measured reflection phase response is consistent with avalanche as the gain mechanism.
Assault Sorcery
Authors: Wright Robin M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article is an in-depth study of the cosmology and practices of assault sorcerers. While it concentrates mostly on indigenous Amazonian societies, comparisons are drawn from other ethnographic areas of the world. It shows that assault sorcery is an integral part of a nexus of religious knowledge and power, in which primordial spirits of sickness and sorcery are embodied in all manner of assault sorcery. The world of humanity today, according to indigenous cosmogonies examined here, is imbued with violent death through sorcery, the legacy of the primordial world. Prophet movements have often been associated with sorcery among indigenous societies throughout the world. Their principal objectives include the control of assault sorcerers, although the prophets themselves have often succumbed to their violent attacks or even deployed sorcery as a mode of defense against enemies. This world has been corrupted by the incessant violence of sorcerers, which the community elders, shamanic healers, and prophets have all sought to manage and control. What the future holds with the drastic decline of shamanic healers is cause for grave concern among traditional communities.
Concordance and incongruence in preclinical anxiety models: systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Mohammad Farhan , Ho Joses , Woo Jia Hern , Lim Chun Lei , Poon Dennis Jun Jie , Lamba Bhumika , Claridge-Chang Adam 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRodent defense behavior assays have been widely used as preclinical models of anxiety to study possibly therapeutic anxiety-reducing interventions. However, some proposed anxiety-modulating factors—genes, drugs and stressors—have had discordant effects across different studies. To reconcile the effect sizes of purported anxiety factors, we conducted systematic review and meta-analyses of the literature on ten anxiety-linked interventions, as examined in the elevated plus maze, open field and light-dark box assays. Diazepam, 5-HT1A receptor gene knockout and overexpression, SERT gene knockout and overexpression, pain, restraint, social isolation, corticotropin-releasing hormone and Crhr1 were selected for review. Eight interventions had statistically significant effects on rodent anxiety, while Htr1a overexpression and Crh knockout did not. Evidence for publication bias was found in the diazepam, Htt knockout, and social isolation literatures. The Htr1a and Crhr1 results indicate a disconnect between preclinical science and clinical research. Furthermore, the meta-analytic data confirmed that genetic SERT anxiety effects were paradoxical in the context of the clinical use of SERT inhibitors to reduce anxiety.HighlightsMeta-analysis shows eight rodent anxiety factors have at least moderate effects.Publication bias affects four of the anxiety interventions.Preclinical rodent anxiety results appear disconnected from clinical efforts.Serotonin transporter gene lesion effects are paradoxical with reuptake inhibitors clinical use.
Optimal office lighting use: a Swedish case study
Authors: Maleetipwan-Mattsson Pimkamol , Laike Thorbjörn 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal office lighting use with different types of lighting controls to achieve energy savings and provide visual comfort for individuals.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study and field measurements were carried out in 18 single-occupancy offices in Sweden where six different lighting controls were investigated. Occupancy and daylight hours were key issues for determining the lighting use. For each office, occupancy patterns, use of a ceiling luminaire, energy usage and perceptions of office lighting in the spring-summer and autumn-winter were established.

Findings
– The use of luminaires varied among the occupants and could be habitual. Though the study yielded positive results concerning the potential for manual or daylight dimming with occupancy switch-off controls to increase optimal lighting use, combining dimming controls with manual on/off controls is rather effective if occupants generally sit in their offices most of the day.

Research limitations/implications
– Precise comparisons of the performances of the different controls were limited due to the offices’ different window orientations; thus, measurements in identical offices are desirable. The small sample size limited analyses of lighting use and the personal perceptions of lighting quality.

Practical implications
– Apart from the contribution to simulation techniques, the findings imply that office lighting controls should be selected taking individuals’ behavioural patterns and perceived lighting quality into consideration.

Originality/value
– This paper describes an approach to determine the use of lighting controls and provides a basis for establishing optimal lighting use for individuals with regard to occupancy and daylight availability.
Assessing the smartness of buildings
Authors: Arditi David , Mangano Giulio , De Marco Alberto 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This study aims at capturing the perspectives of construction professionals into a classified taxonomy of the various characteristics of smart buildings and at developing an index able to define their level of smartness.

Design/methodology/approach
– A questionnaire survey has been administrated to construction professionals in the service of designers, constructors and owners. Results have been analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test and they have been used to develop a smartness index.

Findings
– Designers and owners are more focused on the energy issue than constructors. The energy captures the attention of practitioners with less years of experience, confirming that the awareness of the energy topic is rather recent.

Originality/value
– The main characteristics of smart buildings have been structured in domains and subdomains. Their importance has been rated by construction professional and a smartness index for smart building has been developed to provide with a convenient tool for evaluation and benchmarking.
Does effective designing of operation theaters contribute towards staff satisfaction
Authors: Rinkoo Arvind Vashishta , Singh Surendra Pratap , Mishra Shubhra , Vashishta Geeta , Chandra Hem , Singh P K 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to measure the staff satisfaction achieved with regard to the recently furnished modular operation theaters (MOTs).

Design/methodology/approach
– A cross-sectional study through questionnaire-based interviews was done. Desired sample size for ANOVA design came out to be 25 per level at a level of significance of 5 per cent and a power of 85 per cent.

Findings
– Overall, mean rating of the satisfaction of the staff was 7.52 with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.35. Mean ratings (with standard deviations) of surgeons, nurses and anesthetists were 7.14 (1.26), 7.21 (0.95) and 8.21 (0.48), respectively. One sample t-test showed that all the three categories of staff were satisfied. Post-hoc test revealed that the anesthetists were significantly more satisfied than the surgeons (p = 0) and the nurses (p = 0.001). Maximum satisfier was aseptic environment provided by the MOTs. Hatch box with ultraviolet technology also attracted high ratings from all the three categories. Staff considered all the probable advantages of MOTs, except air showers, significant with regard to its satisfaction and morale.

Originality/value
– Findings suggest that initiatives such as effectively designed MOTs may contribute toward the satisfaction of all categories of staff working in operation theaters (OTs), which, in turn, may probably lead to better overall performance of these facilities. It is desirable that hospital planners in modern health-care systems give adequate importance to finer aspects of OT designing.
Deregulation of selective autophagy during aging and pulmonary fibrosis: the role of TGFβ1
Authors: Sosulski Meredith L. , Gongora Rafael , Danchuk Svitlana , Dong Chunmin , Luo Fayong , Sanchez Cecilia G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryAging constitutes a significant risk factor for fibrosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characteristically associated with advancing age. We propose that age‐dependent defects in the quality of protein and cellular organelle catabolism may be causally related to pulmonary fibrosis. Our research found that autophagy diminished with corresponding elevated levels of oxidized proteins and lipofuscin in response to lung injury in old mice and middle‐aged mice compared to younger animals. More importantly, older mice expose to lung injury are characterized by deficient autophagic response and reduced selective targeting of mitochondria for autophagy (mitophagy). Fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) is an important feature of pulmonary fibrosis in which the profibrotic cytokine TGFβ1 plays a pivotal role. Promotion of autophagy is necessary and sufficient to maintain normal lung fibroblasts’ fate. On the contrary, FMD mediated by TGFβ1 is characterized by reduced autophagy flux, altered mitophagy, and defects in mitochondrial function. In accord with these findings, PINK1 expression appeared to be reduced in fibrotic lung tissue from bleomycin and a TGFβ1‐adenoviral model of lung fibrosis. PINK1 expression is also reduced in the aging murine lung and biopsies from IPF patients compared to controls. Furthermore, deficient PINK1 promotes a profibrotic environment. Collectively, this study indicates that an age‐related decline in autophagy and mitophagy responses to lung injury may contribute to the promotion and/or perpetuation of pulmonary fibrosis. We propose that promotion of autophagy and mitochondrial quality control may offer an intervention against age‐related fibrotic diseases.
Seen and heard: towards child participation in dental research
Authors: Marshman Zoe , Gupta Ekta , Baker Sarah R. , Robinson Peter G. , Owens Janine , Rodd Helen D. , Benson Philip E. , Gibson Barry 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThere has been an increasing emphasis in many countries worldwide to capture the views of children on health services and research. A previous systematic review found that most oral health research from 2000 to 2005 was conducted on children and highlighted the need for greater research with children.AimTo describe the extent to which oral health research between 2006 and 2014 has been conducted with or on children.DesignSystematic review. Electronic databases were searched for the literature on child dental health. Each identified paper was examined by two researchers and categorised based on the extent to which children were involved in the research, the type of study (evaluative or otherwise), the country of origin, and the clinical discipline.ResultsThe search included 2950 papers after application of the exclusion criteria. Of these, 17.4% were with children, 18.3% involved the use of proxies (parents or clinician), and 64.2% were on children.ConclusionsThe proportion of studies from 2006 to 2014 involving research with children has increased from 7.3% in 2000–2005. This systematic review provides evidence for movement towards children's involvement in dental research over the last 10 years. Future dental research must focus on incorporating children's perspectives into the evaluation of dental treatments to improve outcomes for children.