bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociodemographic and work‐related variation in employees’ lunch eating patterns
Authors: Raulio Susanna , Roos Eva , Prättälä Ritva 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThis study aims to examine the availability of worksite canteens to Finnish employees, and the associations between canteen availability and the employee's sociodemographic background and workplace characteristics. A further aim was to study the employees’ lunch place choices according to the sociodemographic factors of the employees and the characteristics of the workplace when a worksite canteen is available.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from cross‐sectional health surveys among Finnish adults in 2005‐2007. A total of 2,659 male and 2,926 female employed Finns – except farmers – ranging in age from 19 to 64 were chosen for the analyses from the surveys. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression models.FindingsA worksite canteen was available for 70 percent of female and 60 percent of male employees, and more often to employees with higher education and in a higher occupational class and to those working at bigger workplaces. If a canteen was not available, employees mostly ate packed lunches. Roughly 50 percent of those who had a worksite canteen available ate there; employees in a higher occupational class did so more often than the others. Even when a canteen was available, people with lower education or in a lower occupational class preferred packed lunches.Practical implicationsThe frequency of using worksite canteens could be influenced not only by means related to individual choices, but also by improving the structural conditions at work – like unavailability of worksite canteen – that is found to pose barrier to canteen use.Originality/valueNo previous study of this kind has been done, even though it has been observed that worksite canteen meals are important for the nutrition, health, and productivity of Finnish employees.
The current status of static and dynamic factors in sexual offender risk assessment
Authors: Beech Anthony R. , Craig Leam A. 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide up‐to‐date discussion of the types of factors used to assess sexual offenders risk.Design/methodology/approachThe current status of the factors used to assess risk in sexual offenders is examined.FindingsRisk factors broadly fall into two categories: static factors (i.e. generally unchangeable information such as previous offence history) from which a number of actuarial scales have been developed; and dynamic factors (i.e. psychological dispositions) that are typically identified in treatment. It is suggested that these risk factors are artefacts of the same behavioural and psychological vulnerabilities at different stages of assessment, with static factors acting as markers for underlying dispositions, while dynamic factors are the underlying dispositions.Practical implicationsThe paper discusses in some detail the status of age as a risk factor, where even though it is typically considered a static risk factor in a number of actuarial scales (allowance typically being made if individuals are over/under 25), there is a dynamic element (i.e. change with age or the passage of time) to this aspect of assessment.Originality/valueThis paper may be useful to practitioners working in the field, in terms of providing a useful heuristic framework for risk conceptualisation.
Clinical and radiological evaluation of a template‐guided (NobelGuide™) treatment concept
Authors: Vasak Christoph , Kohal Ralf J. , Lettner Stefan , Rohner Dennis , Zechner Werner 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe study was designed to evaluate the clinical use of the NobelGuide™ concept over a follow‐up period of 12 months with respect to implant success and survival rates, development of soft tissue condition and recording of potential surgical and prosthetic complications. In addition, radiological assessment of peri‐implant bone levels was performed at the 1‐year follow‐up post‐implant placement.Material and methodsThirty patients (male/female = 15/15) with partially dentate and edentulous mandibles and maxillae were included. All patients were planned and operated on using the computer‐aided, template‐guided treatment concept NobelGuide™. Overall, 163 implants (NobelReplace® Tapered Groovy) were placed (mandible/maxilla = 107/56 implants). Recall appointments were performed after 1–2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after implant placement. Clinical parameters of the soft tissue conditions [e.g. bleeding on probing (BoP), pocket probing depth ≥3 mm (PPD), marginal plaque index (mPI)] and the dentist's esthetic and functional evaluation using a visual analogue scale (VAS) were documented. Marginal bone level was evaluated on radiographs made at implant insertion and at the 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsAll 30 patients with 161 implants completed the 1‐year follow‐up resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 98.8% (two implant losses). Clinical parameters improved in a majority of the implants. The mean marginal bone level at implant insertion and at 1‐year follow‐up was reported with 0.17 mm (SD 1.24; n = 125) and −1.39 mm (SD 1.27; n = 110), respectively. The mean change in bone level from implant insertion to 1 year was −1.44 mm (SD 1.35; n = 98).ConclusionsThe 1‐year follow‐up showed a cumulative survival rate and success rate of 98.8% and 96.3%, respectively. Immediate or delayed loading of implants using a flapless, guided surgery approach (NobelGuide™) appears to be a viable concept demonstrating good clinical and radiographic outcomes at the 1‐year time point.
Variable temperature effects of Open Top Chambers at polar and alpine sites explained by irradiance and snow depth
Authors: Bokhorst Stef , Huiskes Ad , Aerts Rien , Convey Peter , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Dalen Linda , Erschbamer Brigitta , Gudmundsson Jón , Hofgaard Annika , Hollister Robert D. , Johnstone Jill , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Lebouvier Marc , Van de Vijver Bart , Wahren Carl‐Henrik , Dorrepaal Ellen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEnvironmental manipulation studies are integral to determining biological consequences of climate warming. Open Top Chambers (OTCs) have been widely used to assess summer warming effects on terrestrial biota, with their effects during other seasons normally being given less attention even though chambers are often deployed year‐round. In addition, their effects on temperature extremes and freeze‐thaw events are poorly documented. To provide robust documentation of the microclimatic influences of OTCs throughout the year, we analysed temperature data from 20 studies distributed across polar and alpine regions. The effects of OTCs on mean temperature showed a large range (−0.9 to 2.1 °C) throughout the year, but did not differ significantly between studies. Increases in mean monthly and diurnal temperature were strongly related (R2 = 0.70) with irradiance, indicating that PAR can be used to predict the mean warming effect of OTCs. Deeper snow trapped in OTCs also induced higher temperatures at soil/vegetation level. OTC‐induced changes in the frequency of freeze‐thaw events included an increase in autumn and decreases in spring and summer. Frequency of high‐temperature events in OTCs increased in spring, summer and autumn compared with non‐manipulated control plots. Frequency of low‐temperature events was reduced by deeper snow accumulation and higher mean temperatures. The strong interactions identified between aspects of ambient environmental conditions and effects of OTCs suggest that a detailed knowledge of snow depth, temperature and irradiance levels enables us to predict how OTCs will modify the microclimate at a particular site and season. Such predictive power allows a better mechanistic understanding of observed biotic response to experimental warming studies and for more informed design of future experiments. However, a need remains to quantify OTC effects on water availability and wind speed (affecting, for example, drying rates and water stress) in combination with microclimate measurements at organism level.
How interactions between microbial resource demands, soil organic matter stoichiometry, and substrate reactivity determine the direction and magnitude of soil respiratory responses to warming
Authors: Billings Sharon A. , Ballantyne Ford 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent empirical and theoretical advances inform us about multiple drivers of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and microbial responses to warming. Absent from our conceptual framework of how soil respiration will respond to warming are adequate links between microbial resource demands, kinetic theory, and substrate stoichiometry. Here, we describe two important concepts either insufficiently explored in current investigations of SOM responses to temperature, or not yet addressed. First, we describe the complete range of responses for how warming may change microbial resource demands, physiology, community structure, and total biomass. Second, we describe how any relationship between SOM activation energy of decay and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stoichiometry can alter the relative availability of C and N as temperature changes. Changing availabilities of C and N liberated from their organic precursors can feedback to microbial resource demands, which in turn influence the aggregated respiratory response to temperature we observe. An unsuspecting biogeochemist focused primarily on temperature sensitivity of substrate decay thus cannot make accurate projections of heterotrophic CO2 losses from diverse organic matter reservoirs in a warming world. We establish the linkages between enzyme kinetics, SOM characteristics, and potential for microbial adaptation critical for making such projections. By examining how changing microbial needs interact with inherent SOM structure and composition, and thus reactivity, we demonstrate the means by which increasing temperature could result in increasing, unchanging, or even decreasing respiration rates observed in soils. We use this exercise to highlight ideas for future research that will develop our abilities to predict SOM feedbacks to climate.
Knowledge creation and the use of secondary data
Authors: Alvarez Juan , Canduela Jesus , Raeside Robert 
Published: September 2012

Aims and objectivesTo expose problems of using bespoke questionnaire‐based surveys to create knowledge and to advance the use of secondary data as an alternative research approach.BackgroundMany researchers from students undertaking dissertations to those who attempt to create knowledge to advance society collect data by using questionnaires. But this raises reliability and validity concerns as a consequence of low response rates and non‐response bias. This constrains knowledge creation.Design and methodFirst, the value of questionnaire‐based research will be discussed. Then, it is argued that much can be accomplished using secondary data. The paper concludes by presenting a case study developed from the Scottish Health Survey.Results and conclusionWe demonstrate that there may be an alternative for creating bespoke questionnaires by researchers. The data to answer their research questions may already exist in official surveys whose data are available to students and researchers. By analysing a case study, we demonstrate the value of one of these secondary sources – the Scottish Health Survey.Relevance to clinical practiceWe show that clinical practitioners in their training and in any professional research should consider alternative methods of collecting data for undertaking quantitative research. We advance the use of analysis of data collected by official surveys. Using secondary data can be more efficient in training students in research methods and make dissertations produced more meaningful.
Acquired haemophilia A: a clinical case
Authors: Tumelty M.L. , Swinson B. , Finnegan D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground Acquired haemophilia A (AHA) is a rare medical emergency that may be characterised by severe and life‐threatening haemorrhage.Aims This case report highlights the need for a better awareness of this disorder in terms of diagnosis and urgent management.Materials and Methods This is a clinical presentation of a 77‐year‐old Caucasian man who presented to Accident and Emergency with profuse bleeding from his tongue, secondary to mechanical trauma. Local haemostatic measures were only temporarily effective as he returned on a further five occasions over a 3‐week period with recurrent bleeding from the same site. A coagulation screen revealed prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time that did not correct on a 50/50 mixing study with normal plasma. Subsequent analysis of intrinsic coagulation factor activity levels revealed severe factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. A high‐titre FVIII inhibitor was identified in his plasma and the diagnosis of AHA was made. The patient was promptly transferred to the regional haemophilia comprehensive care centre for specialist management.Discussion AHA should be suspected in a patient with no personal or family history of a bleeding disorder who presents with soft tissue haemorrhage unresponsive to local measures.Conclusion This condition is particularly relevant to dental clinicians as patients may present with oral clinical signs of disease. In addition, affected individuals are also at risk of severe haemorrhage following accidental trauma or invasive oral surgery procedures.
Strobilurins Seed Treatment Enhances Resistance of Common Bean Against Bean common mosaic virus
Authors: Udayashankar Arakere C. , Nayaka Chandra S. , Archana Basavaraju , Nayak Usha , Niranjana Siddapura R. , Prakash H. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCommercial formulations of strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim‐methyl, trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin) were evaluated for their efficacy against Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in screenhouse and field conditions. Highest seed germination and seedling vigour were recorded with 20 μg/ml pyraclostrobin seed treatment in comparison with the control. In screenhouse studies, 76% protection against BCMV was recorded with pyraclostrobin seed treatment at 10 μg/ml. Under field conditions with natural BCMV inoculum, pyraclostrobin seed treatment resulted in 65% protection against BCMV. The protection offered by strobilurins against BCMV was evaluated by ELISA, with lowest immunoreactive values recorded in common bean seedlings raised from seeds treated with pyraclostrobin and kresoxim‐methyl. Strobilurins in addition to exerting a direct positive physiological effect on common bean plants also protect bean plants against BCMV infection in screen house and field conditions. Thus, it is proposed that these reduced‐risk pesticides are potential inducers against BCMV and growth enhancers and could be a beneficial component of integrated disease management of common bean.
Glycine receptors support excitatory neurotransmitter release in developing mouse visual cortex
Authors: Kunz Portia A. , Burette Alain C. , Weinberg Richard J. , Philpot Benjamin D. 
Published: September 2012

Key points
Cortical glycine receptors (GlyRs) flux chloride based on a local chloride gradient set by chloride transporters; this gradient changes with age.
In acute slices from the developing mouse visual cortex, tonic GlyR activity increases spontaneous excitatory neurotransmitter release in a calcium‐dependent manner.
Glycine transporters, localized mainly to astrocytes, regulate this tonic activity.
After a critical period of early development, GlyRs are no longer tonically active and become hyperpolarizing, inhibiting spontaneous neurotransmitter release.
These results define mechanisms that contribute to baseline neurotransmission during critical periods of neuronal development, and help identify synaptic functions that could be impacted by GlyR dysfunction.
Abstract  Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are found in most areas of the brain, and their dysfunction can cause severe neurological disorders. While traditionally thought of as inhibitory receptors, presynaptic‐acting GlyRs (preGlyRs) can also facilitate glutamate release under certain circumstances, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. In the current study, we sought to better understand the role of GlyRs in the facilitation of excitatory neurotransmitter release in mouse visual cortex. Using whole‐cell recordings, we found that preGlyRs facilitate glutamate release in developing, but not adult, visual cortex. The glycinergic enhancement of neurotransmitter release in early development depends on the high intracellular to extracellular Cl− gradient maintained by the Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter and requires Ca2+ entry through voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels. The glycine transporter 1, localized to glial cells, regulates extracellular glycine concentration and the activation of these preGlyRs. Our findings demonstrate a developmentally regulated mechanism for controlling excitatory neurotransmitter release in the neocortex.
Rapid Identification of International Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clones by Multiple-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis and Investigation of Their Susceptibility to Lytic Bacteriophages
Authors: Larché Jérôme , Pouillot Flavie , Essoh Christiane , Libisch Balázs , Straut Monica , Lee Je Chul , Soler Charles , Lamarca Richard , Gleize Elodie , Gabard Jérôme , Vergnaud Gilles , Pourcel Christine 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains isolated over a period of 12 months in two French hospitals and to test their susceptibility to bacteriophages. A total of 47 MDR isolates recovered from hospitalized patients were genotyped using multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis. The genotypes were distributed into five clones (including 19, 5, 5, 3, and 3 isolates, respectively) and 12 singletons. Comparison to 77 MDR strains from three other countries, and MLST analysis of selected isolates showed the predominance of international MDR clones. The larger clone, CC235, contained 59 isolates displaying different antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including the presence of the GES1, VIM-2, VIM-4, and IMP-1 β-lactamases. Three newly isolated
P. aeruginosa
bacteriophages were found to lyse 42 of the 44 analyzed strains, distributed into the different clonal complexes. This pilot study suggests that systematic genotyping of
P. aeruginosa
MDR strains could improve our epidemiological understanding of transmission at both the local (hospital) and the national level and that phage therapy could be an alternative or a complementary treatment to antibiotics for treating MDR-infected patients.
β-Lactams Increase the Antibacterial Activity of Daptomycin against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Prevent Selection of Daptomycin-Resistant Derivatives
Authors: Mehta Shrenik , Singh Christopher , Plata Konrad B. , Chanda Palas K. , Paul Arundhati , Riosa Sarah , Rosato Roberto R. , Rosato Adriana E. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) has emerged to be one of the most important pathogens both in health care and in community-onset infections. Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic anionic lipopeptide recommended for treatment of skin infections, bacteremia, and right-sided endocarditis caused by MRSA. Resistance to DAP (DAP
r
) has been reported in MRSA and is mostly accompanied by a parallel decrease in oxacillin resistance, a process known as the “seesaw effect.” Our study provides evidence that the seesaw effect applies to other β-lactams and carbapenems of clinical use, including nafcillin (NAF), cefotaxime (CTX), amoxicillin-clavulanic (AMC), and imipenem (IMP), in heterogeneous DAP
r
MRSA strains but not in MRSA strains expressing homogeneous β-lactam resistance. The antibacterial efficacy of DAP in combination with β-lactams was evaluated in isogenic DAP-susceptible (DAP
s
)/Dap
r
MRSA strains originally obtained from patients that failed DAP monotherapy. Both
in vitro
(MIC, synergy-kill curve) and
in vivo
(wax worm model) approaches were used. In these models, DAP and a β-lactam proved to be highly synergistic against both heterogeneous and homogeneous clinical DAP
r
MRSA strains. Mechanistically, β-lactams induced a reduction in the cell net positive surface charge, reverting the increased repulsion provoked by DAP alone, an effect that may favor the binding of DAP to the cell surface. The ease of
in vitro
mutant selection was observed when DAP
s
MRSA strains were exposed to DAP. Importantly, the combination of DAP and a β-lactam prevented the selection of DAP
r
variants. In summary, our data show that the DAP–β-lactam combination may significantly enhance both the
in vitro
and
in vivo
efficacy of anti-MRSA therapeutic options against DAP
r
MRSA infections and represent an option in preventing DAP
r
selection in persistent or refractory MRSA infections.
Stemness of B-cell Progenitors in Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow
Authors: Boucher Kelly , Parquet Nancy , Widen Raymond , Shain Kenneth , Baz Rachid , Alsina Melissa , Koomen John , Anasetti Claudio , Dalton William , Perez Lia E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Purpose: In myeloma, B cells and plasma cells show a clonal relationship. Clonotypic B cells may represent a tumor-initiating compartment or cancer stem cell responsible for minimal residual disease in myeloma.
Experimental Design: We report a study of 58 patients with myeloma at time of diagnosis or relapse. B cells in bone marrow were evaluated by multicolor flow cytometry and sorting. Clonality was determined by light chain and/or immunoglobulin chain gene rearrangement PCR. We also determined aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and colony formation growth. Drug sensitivity was tested with conventional and novel agents.
Results: Marrow CD19+ cells express a light chain identical to plasma cells and are therefore termed light chain restricted (LCR). The LCR B-cell mass is small in both newly diagnosed and relapsed patients (≤1%). Few marrow LCR B cells (∼10%) are CD19+/CD34+, with the rest being more differentiated CD19+/CD34− B cells. Marrow LCR CD19+ B cells exhibit enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase activity versus healthy controls. Both CD19+/CD34+ and CD19+/CD34− cells showed colony formation activity, with colony growth efficiency optimized when stroma-conditioned medium was used. B-cell progenitors showed resistance to melphalan, lenalidomide, and bortezomib. Panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induced apoptosis of LCR B cells and CD138+ cells. LCR B cells are CD117, survivin, and Notch positive.
Conclusions: We propose that antigen-independent B-cell differentiation stages are involved in disease origination and progression in myeloma. Furthermore, investigations of myeloma putative stem cell progenitors may lead to novel treatments to eradicate the potential reservoir of minimal residual disease. Clin Cancer Res; 18(22); 6155–68. ©2012 AACR.
Hybrid radar emitter recognition based on rough k-means classifier and SVM
Authors: Wu Zhilu , Yang Zhutian , Sun Hongjian , Yin Zhendong , Nallanathan Arumugam 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Due to the increasing complexity of electromagnetic signals, there exists a significant challenge for recognizing radar emitter signals. In this article, a hybrid recognition approach is presented that classifies radar emitter signals by exploiting the different separability of samples. The proposed approach comprises two steps, i.e., the primary signal recognition and the advanced signal recognition. In the former step, the rough k-means classifier is proposed to cluster the samples of radar emitter signals by using the rough set theory. In the latter step, the samples within the rough boundary are used to train the support vector machine (SVM). Then SVM is used to recognize the samples in the uncertain area; therefore, the classification accuracy is improved. Simulation results show that, for recognizing radar emitter signals, the proposed hybrid recognition approach is more accurate, and has a lower time complexity than the traditional approaches.