bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hedgehog-regulated atypical PKC promotes phosphorylation and activation of Smoothened and Cubitus interruptus in
Drosophila
Authors: Jiang Kai , Liu Yajuan , Fan Junkai , Epperly Garretson , Gao Tianyan , Jiang Jin , Jia Jianhang 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling by Smoothened (Smo) is mediated by phosphorylation and cell surface/cilium accumulation, but how the localization of Smo is controlled remains poorly understood. We show that the atypical PKC (aPKC)–partition defective 6 (Par6) complex promotes Hh signaling by phosphorylating Smo and regulating Smo basolateral accumulation in addition to phosphorylating the transcription factor cubitus interruptus (Ci). Our results demonstrate direct involvement of aPKC in Hh signaling beyond its role in cell polarity and suggest that basolateral accumulation of Smo is critical for its activity. Abnormal activation of Smo results in several types of cancers, and Smo can easily acquire drug resistance through mutations. A better understanding of the mechanisms of Smo regulation is critical to developing more effective therapeutic treatments for cancers caused by Smo dysregulation.
The general mode of translation inhibition by macrolide antibiotics
Authors: Kannan Krishna , Kanabar Pinal , Schryer David , Florin Tanja , Oh Eugene , Bahroos Neil , Tenson Tanel , Weissman Jonathan S. , Mankin Alexander S. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Macrolide antibiotics inhibit translation by binding in the ribosomal nascent peptide exit tunnel. It was believed that macrolides interfere with protein synthesis by obstructing the egress of nascent proteins. In contrast to this view, the results of ribosome profiling analysis suggest that the main mode of macrolide action is context-specific inhibition of peptide bond formation. The ribosome with a macrolide molecule bound in the tunnel is impaired in catalysis of peptide bond formation between specific combinations of the peptidyl donors and aminoacyl acceptors, leading to interruption of translation when such problematic substrates are encountered. These findings underscore the existence of a link between the ribosomal tunnel and the peptidyl transferase center and pave the way for development of superior antibiotics.
Mathematical model of sarcoidosis
Authors: Hao Wenrui , Crouser Elliott D. , Friedman Avner 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceSarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collection of granulomas that develop in the lung and other organs. The origin of the disease is unknown, clinical data are very limited, and there is no current effective treatment. This paper develops a mathematical model with simulations that are validated by the available clinical data. The model is then used to explore potential treatments of the disease, to suggest therapeutic targets that may reduce the disease activity, and thus to predict treatment responses in preclinical settings.
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-1 mediates assembly/disassembly of the CRL4–signalosome complex to regulate DNA repair and cell death
Authors: Rao Feng , Xu Jing , Khan A. Basit , Gadalla Moataz M. , Cha Jiyoung Y. , Xu Risheng , Tyagi Richa , Dang Yongjun , Chakraborty Anutosh , Snyder Solomon H. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Attachment of the small protein ubiquitin to other proteins, a process called “ubiquitylation,” triggers protein degradation. The Cullin and signalosome protein families cooperatively mediate this process, but how they are regulated has been obscure. We show that an inositol polyphosphate with seven phosphates, hence designated IP7, is critical. Under basal conditions, the enzyme that generates IP7 is bound to the Cullin/signalosome complex, which is thereby maintained in an inactive state. Stressful stimuli, such as UV radiation, stimulate the enzyme to form IP7, which dissociates the complex, leading to activation of the Cullins with attendant ubiquitylation and degradation of target proteins. This process may play a key role in how cells respond to environmental stressors.
Lethal coalitionary aggression and long-term alliance formation among Yanomamö men
Authors: Macfarlan Shane J. , Walker Robert S. , Flinn Mark V. , Chagnon Napoleon A. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceHumans, like chimpanzees, engage in coalitionary violence: Members of both species coordinate lethal activity against conspecifics. The origin and adaptive functions of this behavior are poorly understood, and data from tribal populations are rare. We examine the composition of lethal coalitions from the Yanomamö, a tribal society in Amazonia. In contrast to chimpanzees, Yanomamö coalitions are composed of individuals from different lineages and natal communities. Many coalition partners are ideal marriage exchange partners. Men who kill together more often are more likely to live together in the same village later in life and to engage in marriage exchange. Our results highlight connections between coalitionary aggression and alliance formation and illuminate differences in social structure distinguishing humans from other primates.
Quantitative proteomics reveals the dynamics of protein changes during
Drosophila
oocyte maturation and the oocyte-to-embryo transition
Authors: Kronja Iva , Whitfield Zachary J. , Yuan Bingbing , Dzeyk Kristina , Kirkpatrick Joanna , Krijgsveld Jeroen , Orr-Weaver Terry L. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Oogenesis aberrations are an important cause of birth defects. During oocyte development, meiotic divisions are coordinated with intense transcription and translation, which produce maternally encoded RNAs and proteins that drive early embryonic development. Oocyte maturation and egg activation result in eggs competent for fertilization and embryogenesis, respectively, and these events occur in the absence of transcription or RNA degradation. Therefore, it is likely that changes in protein levels or activity govern these developmental transitions. By providing the first proteome-wide overview, to our knowledge, of the proteins whose levels change during oocyte maturation and combining these data with our previous description of proteome remodeling at egg activation, we describe critical events and factors driving the development of immature oocyte into an embryogenesis-competent egg.
Distal transport of dissolved hydrothermal iron in the deep South Pacific Ocean
Authors: Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Boyle Edward A. , Jenkins William J. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceLow concentrations of the micronutrient iron in seawater are known to limit primary production and nitrogen fixation in large regions of the global ocean. Thus, it is important to constrain the sources and sinks controlling the marine dissolved iron distribution and consequent micronutrient supply to surface plankton. Although the major dissolved iron sources have been historically thought to be atmospheric dust inputs and fluxes from the continental margin, we show here the first data to our knowledge demonstrating that dissolved iron from hydrothermal vents can be transported thousands of kilometers from the venting site, which to date has only been suggested and modeled. Thus, hydrothermal vents must be considered when determining the marine dissolved iron inventory, especially in the abyssal ocean.
Chlorovirus ATCV-1 is part of the human oropharyngeal virome and is associated with changes in cognitive functions in humans and mice
Authors: Yolken Robert H. , Jones-Brando Lorraine , Dunigan David D. , Kannan Geetha , Dickerson Faith , Severance Emily , Sabunciyan Sarven , Talbot C. Conover , Prandovszky Emese , Gurnon James R. , Agarkova Irina V. , Leister Flora , Gressitt Kristin L. , Chen Ou , Deuber Bryan , Ma Fangrui , Pletnikov Mikhail V. , Van Etten James L. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Human mucosal surfaces contain a wide range of microorganisms. The biological effects of these organisms are largely unknown. Large-scale metagenomic sequencing is emerging as a method to identify novel microbes. Unexpectedly, we identified DNA sequences homologous to virus ATCV-1, an algal virus not previously known to infect humans, in oropharyngeal samples obtained from healthy adults. The presence of ATCV-1 was associated with a modest but measurable decrease in cognitive functioning. A relationship between ATCV-1 and cognitive functioning was confirmed in a mouse model, which also indicated that exposure to ATCV-1 resulted in changes in gene expression within the brain. Our study indicates that viruses in the environment not thought to infect humans can have biological effects.
Role for NUP62 depletion and PYK2 redistribution in dendritic retraction resulting from chronic stress
Authors: Kinoshita Yayoi , Hunter Richard G. , Gray Jason D. , Mesias Roxana , McEwen Bruce S. , Benson Deanna L. , Kohtz D. Stave 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Associated with depression and cognitive impairment, chronic stress causes reversible dendritic shrinkage particularly evident in the hippocampal CA3 region in several animal models. In further elucidating the molecular events leading to dendritic shrinkage, this study reveals two unexpected mechanisms reduction in translated transcripts of a nuclear pore complex protein, nucleoporin p62 (NUP62), and tyrosine phosphorylation of NUP62, that appear to act cumulatively in chronic stress to reduce NUP62 content in CA3 neurons. Subcellular redistribution of activated proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 in chronically stressed pyramidal neurons suggests a mechanism for stress-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of NUP62. Furthermore, evidence from cultured hippocampal neurons shows that diminishing the content of NUP62, which functions in nucleocytoplasmic transport and chromatin organization, results in simplification and shortening of dendritic arbors.
Mechanisms of the tRNA wobble cytidine modification essential for AUA codon decoding in prokaryotes
Authors: Numata Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Bacteria and archaea have 2-lysylcytidine (L or lysidine) and 2-agmatinylcytidine (agm2C or agmatidine), respectively, at the first (wobble) position of the anticodon of the AUA codon-specific tRNAIle. These lysine- or agmatine-conjugated cytidine derivatives are crucial for the precise decoding of the genetic code. L is synthesized by tRNAIle-lysidine synthetase (TilS), which uses l-lysine and ATP as substrates. Agm2C formation is catalyzed by tRNAIle-agm2C synthetase (TiaS), which uses agmatine and ATP for the reaction. Despite the fact that TilS and TiaS synthesize structurally similar cytidine derivatives, these enzymes belong to non-related protein families. Therefore, these enzymes modify the wobble cytidine by distinct catalytic mechanisms, in which TilS activates the C2 carbon of the wobble cytidine by adenylation, while TiaS activates it by phosphorylation. In contrast, TilS and TiaS share similar tRNA recognition mechanisms, in which the enzymes recognize the tRNA acceptor stem to discriminate tRNAIle and tRNAMet.
‘As in heart, so in mouth’: Translating the Scandal of Wolfish Desire from Fables to Peire Vidal
Authors: Kay Sarah 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The motif of the ‘wolf at school’, in which a wolf is made to learn elementary Latin, typically the alphabet, occurs in medieval tales, church sculptures, and manuscript illuminations. Whatever the wolf's instructors try to teach him, he can only say ‘lamb’. The story's usual moral is ‘quod in corde, hoc in ore’ [as in heart, so in mouth]. I probe the meaning of this moral through the medieval Latin fables of Romulus and Odo of Cheriton, the well-known vernacular fable of Marie de France, and a hitherto unknown version attributed to the troubadour Peire Vidal, which in turn leads me to assess clerical and vernacular teaching of the alphabet. In Latin, the wolf's speech is invariably censured, even if readers may sneakingly have sided with him; but the vernacular texts accord him more sympathy, self-deprecatingly in Berenguer d'Anoia, equivocally in Marie, and flamboyantly in Peire Vidal, who elsewhere adopts a wolf as his emblem. The wolf's cry of ‘lamb’ gives voice, albeit impossibly, to the ‘insistence of the letter in the unconscious’ (Lacan): a beast that can thus openly speak his desire challenges human readers to reconsider the relationship of language to appetite and to question the human monopoly of language.
Integrated Neuroscience and Neurology
Authors: Marcus Elliott M. , Jacobson Stanley , Sabin Thomas D. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This online resource addresses the basic questions of clinical neurology, which include where the disease process is located, and the nature of the disease process. It reviews the makeup of the cells within the central nervous system and the development of the regions within the central nervous system, followed by a detailed anatomical overview of the nervous system, starting at the spinal cord, proceeding to the brain stem, diencephalon and cerebrum. It focuses not only on localized diseases caused by infectious diseases, trauma, tumors, and vascular lesions within the central nervous system, but also these diseases within the systems of the brain and spinal cord. Over 250 real cases with associated MRI or CTs and any pathological findings from these patients illustrate numerous disorders and fully explain the nature of the pathology. Also included are six problem solving sessions in which the student must identify the ongoing disease process, what caused it, and how best to treat it. Throughout the discussion the authors also correlate the neurological findings to the underlying anatomy of the region.
DNA methylation and gene expression dynamics during cotton ovule and fiber development
Authors: Song Qingxin , Guan Xueying , Jeffrey Chen Z. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCotton is the largest source of renewable textile fiber and a successful model of transgenic applications in crop production. However, improving cotton production using fiber-related transgenes is somewhat difficult. This is probably related to unique epigenetic and gene expression changes during fiber development. Here we show that inhibiting DNA methylation impairs fiber development. Genome-wide methylcytosine-, mRNA-, and small RNA-sequencing analyses reveal minor changes in CG and CHG methylation and distinct changes in CHH methylation among different tissues. In ovules CHH hypermethyaltion is associated with small RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) and expression changes of nearby genes in euchromatin. Remarkably, ovule-derived fiber cells not only maintain euchromatic CHH methylation, but also generate additional heterochromatic CHH hypermethylation independent of RdDM, which represses transposable elements (TEs) and nearby genes including fiber-related genes. Furthermore, DNA methylation contributes to the expression bias of homoeologous genes in ovules and fibers. This spatiotemporal DNA methylation in promoters could act as a double-lock feedback mechanism to regulate TE and gene expression, which could be translated into genomic and biotechnological improvement of agronomic traits.
Extensive capsule locus variation and large-scale genomic recombination within theKlebsiella pneumoniaeclonal complex 258/11
Authors: Wyres Kelly L. , Gorrie Claire , Edwards David J. , Wertheim Heiman FL , Hsu Li Yang , Van Kinh Nguyen , Zadoks Ruth , Baker Stephen , Holt Kathryn E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractKlebsiella pneumoniaeclonal complex (CC) 258/11, comprising sequence types (STs) 258, 11 and closely related STs, is associated with dissemination of theK. pneumoniaecarbapenemase (KPC). Hospital outbreaks of KPC CC258/11 infections have been observed globally and are very difficult to treat. As a consequence there is renewed interest in alternative infection control measures such as vaccines and phage or depolymerase treatments targeting theK pneumoniaepolysaccharide capsule. To date, 78 immunologically distinct capsule variants have been described inK. pneumoniae. Previous investigations of ST258 and a small number of closely related strains suggested capsular variation was limited within this clone; only two distinct ST258 capsular synthesis (cps) loci have been identified, both acquired through large-scale recombination events (>50 kbp). Here we report comparative genomic analysis of the broaderK. pneumoniaeCC258/11. Our data indicate that several large-scale recombination events have shaped the genomes of CC258/11, and that definition of the complex should be broadened to include ST395 (also reported to harbour KPC). We identified 11 differentcpsloci within CC258/11, suggesting that capsular switching is actually common within the complex. We also observed several insertion sequences (IS) within thecpsloci, and show further diversification of two loci through IS activity. These findings suggest the capsular loci of clinically importantK. pneumoniaeare under diversifying selection, which alters our understanding of the evolution of this important clone and has implications for the design of control measures targeting the capsule.
Towards information leadership
Authors: Huvila Isto 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose information leadership as a concept for describing the activity of leading information processes in organisations and in the society, and consequently, to distinguish and articulate the influence and consequences of making decisions about the use, organisation and management of information resources and information infrastructures.Design/methodology/approach– To complement the earlier observations of the usefulness of making an analytical distinction between information and knowledge, and management and leadership within information management/knowledge management, this paper posits that it is useful to distinguish information and knowledge leadership as two separate yet inherently connected processes of orchestrating respectively information infrastructures and resources, and the processes of knowing in an organisation.Findings– This paper defines information leadership as the leadership of information resources and infrastructures in contrast to the leadership of social knowledge processes, knowing and organisational learning. The distinction helps to explicate the informational premises of knowledge in organisations, articulate the difference of the infrastructural and social forms of leadership and to be more explicit about the respective consequences of information and information infrastructures and knowledge held and practised within an organisation and on its boundaries.Practical implications– The concept of information leadership can be used both for describing the activity of leading the development and using information resources and infrastructures in organisations, and for articulating the influence and consequences of making decisions about the use, organisation and management of information resources and information infrastructures.Originality/value– To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first time information leadership is defined comprehensively in the context of information and knowledge management and specifically in relation to knowledge leadership.
Why do users intend to continue using the digital library? An integrated perspective
Authors: Cheng Yung-Ming 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybrid model based on expectation-confirmation model (ECM), technology acceptance model (TAM), and updated DeLone and McLean information system (IS) success model to examine whether quality factors as the antecedents to user beliefs affected users’ continuance intention of the digital library.Design/methodology/approach– Sample data for this study were collected from students enrolled in a comprehensive university in Taiwan. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed in the campus library, and 525 (87.5 percent) usable questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in this study.Findings– Findings show that the proposed research model integrating ECM, TAM, and updated DeLone and McLean IS success model has good explanatory power for quality antecedents of users’ continuance intention of the digital library. Information relevance, system accessibility, and technical support play key roles in explaining users’ continuance intention of the digital library via their beliefs.Originality/value– This study’s empirical evidence on capturing ECM, TAM, and updated DeLone and McLean IS success model reveals deep insights into quality evaluation for users’ continuance intention of the digital library. Especially, this study additionally contributes to the identification of interface features that may lead to users’ continuance intention of the digital library.
Do halal certification country of origin and brand name familiarity matter?
Authors: E. Rios Rosa , E. Riquelme Hernan , Abdelaziz Yasser 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers perceive the trustworthiness of halal certifications from various Muslim and non-Muslim countries, a topic highly disregarded despite the size of the market and the importance in penetrating the multibillion market.Design/methodology/approach– A customized factorial design was employed to measure main effects of brand familiarity, country trustworthiness and country favourability and interaction effects.Findings– Although Indonesia and Malaysia are Muslim countries, they are not perceived as trustworthy as others such as Saudi Arabia and Kuwait for the consumer product under study. The perception of trustworthiness of halal certification of origin explains the highest proportion of the variance in the preference for a product, followed by the interaction of country favourability and brand name country of origin (COO).Research limitations/implications– Managers of international companies should be aware that not all halal country certifications are equally perceived as trustworthy therefore, they should seek alliances, with institutions in markets where they seek to penetrate.Practical implications– The procedure for certification considers the whole value chain rather than just simple ritual of slaughtering. Managers have a big responsibility to produce their products according to the expected standards (and this goes beyond the simple slaughtering ritual) and make sure that all employees understands the importance of such adherence.Social implications– Muslim consumers’ preferences vary according to the COO of halal products, even within Muslim countries therefore, halal certification country-of-origin is a sensitive social concern.Originality/value– This research is based on COO and brand familiarity frameworks, and it extends the knowledge in a context (halal products) not frequently explored.