bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive assessment across the continuum of care: The importance of occupational performance‐based assessment for individuals post‐stroke and traumatic brain injury
Authors: Sansonetti Danielle , Hoffmann Tammy 
Published: September 2013

Background/aimWhen working with individuals following stroke or traumatic brain injury, an important role of the occupational therapist is to assess the impact of cognitive impairment on their ability to engage in occupations and resume important life roles. The aim of this study was to survey therapists' reasons for selection of and challenges with using various cognitive assessment approaches, across the continuum of care, when working with individuals following stroke and traumatic brain injury.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey, completed via post or online, with responses from 209 Australian occupational therapists was conducted. Participants included clinicians working in acute, inpatient rehabilitation and community settings.ResultsOccupational performance‐based assessments were ranked as the most important assessment method, with 69% of participants reporting using these assessments for more than 75% of their clients with cognitive impairment. Participants identified the lack of quantitative data provided by these assessments as a frequent challenge. The identification of cognitive deficits was the highest ranked reason for using cognitive screens and batteries. Challenges identified with using cognitive screens and batteries included difficulty linking assessment results to occupational performance, and difficulty using results to generate intervention strategies. The majority of participants reported using a combined approach to assessment, and used screens and batteries to support findings of occupational performance‐based assessments.ConclusionsTargeted efforts to further incorporate standardised occupational performance‐based methods into clinical practice, research, and ongoing professional development is required to enhance occupational therapy services when working with individuals with cognitive impairment.
Integration and Control: The Governing of Urban Marginality in Western Europe
Authors: Uitermark Justus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDrawing on the figurational sociology of Norbert Elias and the Foucauldian governmentality approach, this article outlines the political rationalities and governmental technologies pertaining to the territorial governance of urban marginality in Western Europe. Whereas many authors have suggested that segregation is key to the governing of urban marginality in the USA and perhaps the post‐industrial city generally, I suggest that, at least in Western Europe, marginality is governed through integration. The argument is illustrated with examples from the UK, the Netherlands and Belgium.
Risk, interest groups and the definition of crisis: the case of volcanic ash
Authors: Hutter Bridget M. , Lloyd‐Bostock Sally 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper considers a key aspect of the ‘risk society’ thesis: the belief that we should be able to manage risks and control the world around us. In particular it focuses on the interface between risk and risk events as socially constructed and the insights that ‘critical situations’ give us into ‘the routine and mundane’, the otherwise taken for granted assumptions underlying risk regulation. It does this with reference to the events precipitated by theApril 2010 volcanic eruption in theEyjafjallajökull area ofIceland. The resulting cloud of volcanic ash spread acrossEurope and much ofEurope's airspace was closed to civil aviation for six days, with far reaching consequences including huge financial losses for airlines. The social processes of defining and reacting to risk and crisis both reveal and generate dilemmas and challenges in regulation. This paper examines the role of different interest groups in defining risk expectations and thereby redefining the ash crisis as a regulatory crisis.
Mutualism, resource competition and opposing movements amongTurkish organizations inAmsterdam andBerlin, 1965–2000
Authors: Vermeulen Floris 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to understand environmental effects on associational interdependencies, be they competitive or collaborative, in a polarized organizational population. To do so, it builds on the density‐dependent model and the ecology of ideologies. Especially interested in the effect of context on density‐dependent processes,Icompare differentTurkish ideological movements inAmsterdam andBerlin.Amsterdam represents an open and supportive environment for such movements, whereasBerlin constitutes a more closed and hostile one. By analysing the founding and disbanding rates ofTurkish immigrant organizations inAmsterdam andBerlin during the period 1965–2000, the article demonstrates how the increasing density ofTurkish ideologies has affected interdependencies in two main ways: by heightening competition, particularly between ideologically similar organizations, and by increasing counter activities between opposing movements. It also shows that the influence of context is limited. An open environment does not significantly influence the vitality rates of ideologies or further collaboration among or between them. On the contrary, it seemingly increases competition and fragmentation because more resources and opportunities are available. More signs of collaboration and mutualism are found inBerlin's closed environment.
Initial large diameter of common bile duct is associated with long‐term dilatation of bile duct after endoscopic extraction of stones
Authors: Kim Chang Whan , Chang Jae Hyuck , Lim Yeon Soo , Kim Tae Ho , Lee In Seok , Han Sok Won 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the time and extent of recovery of dilated common bile duct (CBD) after the extraction of CBD stones and to identify the factors related to the long‐term dilatation of the CBD after stone removal.MethodsData of 329 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic extraction of CBD stones from January 2008 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Finally, 44 patients were enrolled in the study.ResultsThe CBD diameter significantly decreased after stone extraction (P < 0.001). However, the CBD diameter in patients who were followed up for 1 week and longer and <1 week did not differ significantly. The diameter decreased more in patients with an initial CBD diameter ≥ 15 mm than in those with an initial CBD diameter <15 mm before stone extraction (P = 0.007), but the normalization of dilated CBD was less frequent in patients with a large initial CBD diameter. The factors related to the long‐term dilatation of CBD (>10 mm for >6 months) were initial CBD diameter, the largest diameter of CBD stone and endoscopic papillary large balloon dilatation. Initial CBD diameter was an independent factor with multivariate analysis (OR 1.754, P = 0.017).ConclusionsThe CBD diameter recovers rapidly after the extraction of CBD stones. An initial large CBD diameter before stone extraction is associated with the long‐term dilatation of CBD.
Inferring food web structure from predator–prey body size relationships
Authors: Gravel Dominique , Poisot Timothée , Albouy Camille , Velez Laure , Mouillot David 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Current global changes make it important to be able to predict which interactions will occur in the emerging ecosystems. Most of the current methods to infer the existence of interactions between two species require a good knowledge of their behaviour or a direct observation of interactions. In this paper, we overcome these limitations by developing a method, inspired from the niche model of food web structure, using the statistical relationship between predator and prey body size to infer the matrix of potential interactions among a pool of species.

The novelty of our approach is to infer, for any species of a given species pool, the three species‐specific parameters of the niche model. The method applies to both local and metaweb scales. It allows one to evaluate the feeding interactions of a new species entering the community.

We find that this method gives robust predictions of the structure of food webs and that its efficiency is increased when the strength of the body–size relationship between predators and preys increases.

We finally illustrate the potential of the method to infer the metaweb structure of pelagic fishes of the Mediterranean sea under different global change scenarios.
Regulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic function by hydrogen sulfide. Part II. Pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects
Authors: Módis Katalin , Bos Eelke M , Calzia Enrico , van Goor Harry , Coletta Ciro , Papapetropoulos Andreas , Hellmich Mark R , Radermacher Peter , Bouillaud Frédéric , Szabo Csaba 
Published: September 2013

Emerging work demonstrates the dual regulation of mitochondrial function by hydrogen sulfide (H2S), including, at lower concentrations, a stimulatory effect as an electron donor, and, at higher concentrations, an inhibitory effect on cytochrome C oxidase. In the current article, we overview the pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of these processes. During cellular hypoxia/acidosis, the inhibitory effect of H2S on complex IV is enhanced, which may shift the balance of H2S from protective to deleterious. Several pathophysiological conditions are associated with an overproduction of H2S (e.g. sepsis), while in other disease states H2S levels and H2S bioavailability are reduced and its therapeutic replacement is warranted (e.g. diabetic vascular complications). Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that colorectal cancer cells up‐regulate the H2S‐producing enzyme cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS), and utilize its product, H2S, as a metabolic fuel and tumour‐cell survival factor; pharmacological CBS inhibition or genetic CBS silencing suppresses cancer cell bioenergetics and suppresses cell proliferation and cell chemotaxis. In the last chapter of the current article, we overview the field of H2S‐induced therapeutic ‘suspended animation’, a concept in which a temporary pharmacological reduction in cell metabolism is achieved, producing a decreased oxygen demand for the experimental therapy of critical illness and/or organ transplantation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Human cumulative culture: a comparative perspective
Authors: Dean Lewis G. , Vale Gill L. , Laland Kevin N. , Flynn Emma , Kendal Rachel L. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTMany animals exhibit social learning and behavioural traditions, but human culture exhibits unparalleled complexity and diversity, and is unambiguously cumulative in character. These similarities and differences have spawned a debate over whether animal traditions and human culture are reliant on homologous or analogous psychological processes. Human cumulative culture combines high‐fidelity transmission of cultural knowledge with beneficial modifications to generate a ‘ratcheting’ in technological complexity, leading to the development of traits far more complex than one individual could invent alone. Claims have been made for cumulative culture in several species of animals, including chimpanzees, orangutans andNewCaledonian crows, but these remain contentious. Whilst initial work on the topic of cumulative culture was largely theoretical, employing mathematical methods developed by population biologists, in recent years researchers from a wide range of disciplines, including psychology, biology, economics, biological anthropology, linguistics and archaeology, have turned their attention to the experimental investigation of cumulative culture. We review this literature, highlighting advances made in understanding the underlying processes of cumulative culture and emphasising areas of agreement and disagreement amongst investigators in separate fields.
Structure and function of the hearts of lizards and snakes
Authors: Jensen Bjarke , Moorman Antoon F. M. , Wang Tobias 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTWith approximately 7000 species, snakes and lizards, collectively known as squamates, are by far the most species‐rich group of reptiles. It was from reptile‐like ancestors that mammals and birds evolved and squamates can be viewed as phylogenetically positioned between them and fishes. Hence, their hearts have been studied for more than a century yielding insights into the group itself and into the independent evolution of the fully divided four‐chambered hearts of mammals and birds. Structurally the heart is complex and debates persist on rudimentary issues such as identifying structures critical to understanding ventricle function. In seeking to resolve these controversies we have generated three‐dimensional (3D) models in portable digital format (pdf) of the anaconda and anole lizard hearts (‘typical’ squamate hearts) and the uniquely specialized python heart with comprehensive annotations of structures and cavities. We review the anatomy and physiology of squamate hearts in general and emphasize the unique features of pythonid and varanid lizard hearts that endow them with mammal‐like blood pressures. Excluding pythons and varanid lizards it is concluded that the squamate heart has a highly consistent design including a disproportionately large right side (systemic venous) probably due to prevailing pulmonary bypass (intraventricular shunting). Unfortunately, investigations on rudimentary features are sparse. We therefore point out gaps in our knowledge, such as the size and functional importance of the coronary vasculature and of the first cardiac chamber, the sinus venosus, and highlight areas with implications for vertebrate cardiac evolution.
Seed and Establishment Limitation: Effects on Plant Diversity in an Amazonian Rain Forest
Authors: Vargas Ivonne N. , Stevenson Pablo R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRecruitment limitation (seed limitation and establishment limitation) has been proposed to contribute to the maintenance of high diversity of plants in tropical forests. This hypothesis suggests that diversity is maintained by slowing down competitive exclusion. In this study we: (1) quantified the relative importance of seed limitation and establishment limitation on recruitment for 4–7 species, testing the impact of seed predators and competition; (2) evaluated the effect of recruitment limitation on the diversity of seedling communities: if recruitment limitation is a diversity‐promoting mechanism, then removing the limitation should have a negative effect on diversity. To evaluate the magnitude and effects of recruitment limitation we used data from 400 seed traps, we executed seed addition experiments with and without vertebrate exclusion, and we conducted seedling transplant experiments during 2 yr in an Amazonian rain forest in Colombia. On the basis of seed traps, we found that seed limitation was strong; however, seed addition experiments showed that establishment limitation is more important than seed limitation for recruitment in all species considered. The addition/transplant experiments did not affect diversity of the surrounding seedlings, lending no support to the theory that recruitment limitation affects diversity. Establishment limitation was stronger at the seed–seedling transition than in older seedling transitions, as shown by high survival in the seedling transplants experiment. We found that seed dispersal increases regenerating plant diversity, and that predation is an important factor affecting seed establishment. We highlight the role of animals in these processes and therefore in the maintenance of diversity in tropical rain forests.
Interprofessional collaboration: self‐reported successful collaboration by teachers and social workers in multidisciplinary teams
Authors: Hesjedal Elisabeth , Hetland Hilde , Iversen Anette Christine 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to address facilitators for successful interprofessional collaboration (IPC) between social workers (SWs) and teachers. Individual interviews were carried out with seven SWs employed in municipal child welfare services and six teachers from primary and secondary schools. The informants had at least two years' experience within multidisciplinary teams. The transcripts were analysed using an inductive thematic approach and the NVIVO9 computer software package for qualitative data analysis. Thematic analysis revealed three themes: ‘personal commitments’, ‘creating a positive atmosphere for IPC’ and ‘pulling together towards future goals’. Results are discussed in relation to the Norwegian context concerning IPC in multidisciplinary teams for children at risk.
Safe use of highly steatotic livers by utilizing a donor/recipient clinical algorithm
Authors: Chavin Kenneth D. , Taber David J. , Norcross Melissa , Pilch Nicole A. , Crego Heather , McGillicuddy John W. , Bratton Charles F. , Lin Angello , Baliga Prabhakar K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the long‐term safety and clinical outcomes associated with the utilization of highly steatotic donor livers utilizing a specific donor/recipient matching algorithm. This was a prospective, observational, single‐center, 10‐yr follow‐up study. Highly steatotic livers were utilized according to a donor/recipient algorithm that guided the surgeon to use highly steatotic donor organs judiciously in low‐risk recipients. This study initially compared fat assessment based on frozen‐section Ehrlich's hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to reperfusion biopsy fat assessment and demonstrated that H&E is an insensitive analysis to determine degree of steatosis. Patients were divided into three groups based on donor steatosis (group 1: <30% steatosis, group 2: 30–60% steatosis, group 3: >60% steatosis), and clinical outcomes were assessed. One hundred and sixteen patients were included in the analysis. Patients that received severely steatotic livers (>60% fat) showed increased reperfusion liver injury and delayed return of liver function in the early postoperative period, demonstrated by biochemical markers. However, there were no differences in primary non‐function, postoperative complications, length of stay, and patient and graft survival. Using rigorous donor/recipient matching through a detailed algorithm, these data demonstrate that normal liver allograft outcomes are not superior to those in highly steatotic grafts.
Luther's Radical Conception of Faith: God, Christ, and Personhood in a Post‐Metaphysical Age
Authors: Hansen Guillermo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLuther's exposition of Paul's letter to the Galatians offers a premier window into a deconstruction of the tandem God, ego and symbolic order of the law by proposing a radical “technology of the self,” a new understanding of what it means to be a person in light of God's own becoming in the flesh—a new subjective perspective. This places the event of belief as a displacement of a socially and ecclesiastically constructed ego‐consciousness and the emergence of a new (social) center of subjectivity—Christ consciousness, that is, faith. For Luther the “person” emerges as a radical break with the self‐referentiality of the ego and through the perspectival assimilation of God's own subjective experience in the flesh.
Freedom from and Freedom for: Luther's Concept of Freedom for the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Largen Kristin Johnston 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article examines Martin Luther's two fundamental claims around Christian freedom. Drawing on Luther, I suggest three primary characteristics of Christian freedom that should be recovered and championed in our twenty‐first‐century context: it is relational, it is a gift; and it contains within it an ethical imperative for the sake of the neighbor. Together, these three characteristics point to the fact that in a Christian understanding, “freedom” is never considered by itself, but only in the larger context of “freedom from” and “freedom for.”
Happy Danes and Deep Incarnation
Authors: Peters Ted 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe new Copenhagen School of Deep Incarnation posits that, in Jesus Christ, God has become incarnate and therefore present “in, with, and under” all physical and biological processes. This claim raises the issue of “compatibilism,” according to which divine action and creaturely action are compatible, and “incompatibilism,” according to which divine action must be absent to allow for free creaturely action. Niels Henrik Gregersen, representing the Copenhagen School, affirms both compatibilism at the quantum level of physical activity and incompatibilism at the level of nature's self‐organization. This article points out the incoherence of this position along with the positions proffered by process theologians and kenotic theologians.
Deep Incarnation and Kenosis: In, With, Under, and As: A Response to Ted Peters
Authors: Gregersen Niels Henrik 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this response to Ted Peters, I relate the proposal of deep incarnation to Luther's theology of the real presence of the humanity of Christ in creation. Based on a typology of four distinctive models of kenosis, I furthermore argue that a kenotic view of incarnation and divine creativity does not necessarily imply a divine absence and withdrawal from creation, as presupposed by Professor Peters. Deep incarnation is consistent with a compatibilist view of kenosis, but not with ideas of divine abdication, or metamorphosis. Finally I situate the view of deep incarnation to Scandinavian creation theology and to research programs at the Centre for Naturalism and Christian Semantics, Copenhagen University.
The role of serotonin receptor alleles and environmental stressors in the development of post‐concussive symptoms after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Smyth Kim , Sandhu Sandeep S , Crawford Susan , Dewey Deborah , Parboosingh Jillian , Barlow Karen M 
Published: September 2013

AimTo determine whether post‐injury depressive symptoms, and pre‐injury major life stressors and genetic factors (HTR1A C(‐1019)G alleles; rs6295) are more common in children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) who develop postconcussion syndrome (PCS) symptoms compared with children with asymptomatic mTBI.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional study of 47 symptomatic children (32 males, 15 females; mean age 14y [SD 3y 3mo]) who experienced post‐concussive symptoms for 7 or more days and 42 asymptomatic children (26 males 16 females; mean age 13y 6mo [SD 3y 1mo]) after mTBI. Outcome measures were the Postconcussion Symptoms Inventory (PCSI), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), standard questionnaire of previous life events, and buccal DNA analysis to determine genotype and allele frequencies for the HTR1A C(‐1019)G polymorphism.ResultsDepressive symptoms were uncommon. CDI scores did not differ between groups. Allelic and genotypic frequencies for HTR1A C(‐1019)G were similar in both groups. Symptomatic children continued to have elevated PCS scores compared with asymptomatic children 1.72 (SD 0.69) years later and had experienced significantly more life stressors (Wald (1)=8.51, p=0.004).InterpretationHTR1A polymorphisms do not differ in children with PCS. Children who have experienced more significant life stresses are more likely to develop PCS symptoms after mTBI.