bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative method for recovery a nonlinear source in a hyperbolic equation with final overdetermination
Authors: Shcheglov A.Yu. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We consider here the inverse problem, which consists in recovery of a nonlinear source in the equation of hyperbolic type with constant coefficients in main part of differential operator. The additional information for solution of the inverse problem is given in the form of final overdetermination. The iterative algorithm for recovery of the source is based on the theorem of existence and uniqueness of solution for the inverse problem that is proved in small. The convergence of the iterative method for solving the inverse problem is established.
Fetal volume at 11–14 gestational weeks: reference ranges and association with first trimester biochemical and biophysical markers
Authors: Papastefanou Ioannis , Kappou Dimitra , Souka Athena P. , Chrelias Charalambos , Siristatidis Charalambos , Pilalis Athanasios , Kassanos Demetrios 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Aims: To establish reference ranges for fetal volume (FV) measured by three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) at 11–14 weeks of gestation and to examine the possible association of FV with maternal/pregnancy characteristics and biochemical parameters.

Methods: Prospective observational study on 240 fetuses at 11–14 weeks. FV was measured by 3D-US using Virtual Organ Computer-Aided Analysis. Pearson correlation coefficient (cc) and regression analysis were used.

Results: FV increased exponentially with crown rump length and was unrelated to maternal weight (cc=–0.137, P=0.071), age (cc=0.009, P=0.899), parity (0.76), smoking status (t-test, P=0.149) and mode of conception (t-test, P=0.8). Z-scores (z) of FV was not associated with z-mean uterine artery pulsatility index (cc=–0.026, P=0.733), log10 multiples of the median (MoM) free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (cc=0.002, P=0.982), delta value (d) of nuchal translucency (cc=0.072, P=0.331) and d-fetal heart rate (cc=0.009, P=0.902), z-FV was significantly positively correlated with log10 MoM pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A; regression coefficient=1.420976, R2=0.0957, P<0.0001).

Conclusions: FV is strongly related to PAPP-A even after adjustment for crown rump length with a mechanism unrelated to placental perfusion. FV is independent of the vast majority of first trimester parameters; hence, it is a promising marker of early fetal growth.
How did vocal behavior “take over” the gestural communication system?
Authors: Aboitiz Francisco 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this commentary, I argue (i) that there are some peripheral homologies between the monkey and the human vocalization systems; (ii) that complex vocal learning can be achieved without need of a voluntary hand grasping circuit; and (iii) that in the monkey there are rudimentary circuits that can convey auditory information into Broca's region, via the “ventral pathway” but also via the arcuate or the superior longitudinal fasciculi.
The tip of the language iceberg
Authors: Dominey Peter Ford 
Published: September 2013

AbstractArbib's How the brain got language is a major achievement in defining a trajectory for the evolution of complex imitation and the language-ready brain leading to human language. In addition to these capabilities, I will suggest that it is useful to consider two additional components of human brain function that are intricately related to the emergence of language. These are, first, the profound human motivation to represent and share the psychological states of others, and second, the related complex semantic system that represents the contents of what is communicated in language. In this sense, these two components represent part of what is under the iceberg, where language is the emerging tip.
Vive la différence: Sign language and spoken language in language evolution
Authors: Sandler Wendy 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMichael Arbib's book proposes a scenario of language evolution that begins with pantomime, progresses to proto-sign, and then develops together with proto-speech in an “expanding spiral” to create a language-ready brain. The richness of detail in Arbib's hypothesis makes serious appraisal of each of its aspects possible. Here I describe findings about established and emerging sign languages that bear specifically upon the interaction between sign and speech proposed in the Mirror System Hypothesis. While supporting the central role that Arbib attributes to gestural/visual communication in understanding language and its evolution, I point out some kinks in the spiral that potentially disrupt its smooth expansion. One is the fact that each modality relies on an entirely different motor system. Another is the type of relation that holds between the articulators and grammatical structure, which is radically different in each system as well. A third kink disrupts the proposed continuity between holistic pantomime (gestural holophrases) and signs. Given such differences, instead of a scenario in which speech grew out of sign, it seems more likely that the two modalities complemented each other symbiotically throughout evolution as they do today. If so, then the modern ability to spontaneously create sign languages reveals the extraordinary richness and plasticity of human cognition, and not an evolutionary stepping stone to speech.
What happens to the motor theory of perception when the motor system is damaged?
Authors: Stasenko Alena , Garcea Frank E. , Mahon Bradford Z. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMotor theories of perception posit that motor information is necessary for successful recognition of actions. Perhaps the most well known of this class of proposals is the motor theory of speech perception, which argues that speech recognition is fundamentally a process of identifying the articulatory gestures (i.e. motor representations) that were used to produce the speech signal. Here we review neuropsychological evidence from patients with damage to the motor system, in the context of motor theories of perception applied to both manual actions and speech. Motor theories of perception predict that patients with motor impairments will have impairments for action recognition. Contrary to that prediction, the available neuropsychological evidence indicates that recognition can be spared despite profound impairments to production. These data falsify strong forms of the motor theory of perception, and frame new questions about the dynamical interactions that govern how information is exchanged between input and output systems.
Complex imitation and the language-ready brain
Authors: Arbib Michael A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe present article responds to commentaries from experts in anthropology, apraxia, archeology, linguistics, neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, neuropsychology, primatology, sign language emergence and sign language neurolinguistics on the bookHow the brain got language: The mirror system hypothesis(Arbib 2012). The role of complex imitation is discussed, and the distinction between protolanguage and language is emphasized. Issues debated include the role of protosign in scaffolding protospeech, the interplay between biological evolution of the brain and cultural evolution of the social interactions within groups, the relations brain mechanisms for action and language, and the question of when language first emerged.
Resolving the thermal challenges for silicon microring resonator devices
Authors: Padmaraju Kishore , Bergman Keren 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSilicon microring resonators have been hailed for their potential use in next-generation optical interconnects. However, the functionality of silicon microring based devices suffer from susceptibility to thermal fluctuations that is often overlooked in their demonstrated results, but must be resolved for their future implementation in microelectronic applications. We survey the emerging efforts that have been put forth to resolve these thermal susceptibilities and provide a comprehensive discussion of their advantages and disadvantages.
Light manipulation principles in biological photonic systems
Authors: Starkey Tim , Vukusic Pete 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe science of light and colour manipulation continues to generate interest across a range of disciplines, from mainstream biology, across multiple physics-based fields, to optical engineering. Furthermore, the study of light production and manipulation is of significant value to a variety of industrial processes and commercial products. Among the several key methods by which colour is produced in the biological world, this review sets out to describe, in some detail, the specifics of the method involving photonics in animal and plant systems; namely, the mechanism commonly referred to as structural colour generation. Not only has this theme been a very rapidly growing area of physics-based interest, but also it is increasingly clear that the biological world is filled with highly evolved structural designs by which light and colour strongly influence behaviours and ecological functions.
A DNA Sequence Element That Advances Replication Origin Activation Time in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pohl Thomas J , Kolor Katherine , Fangman Walton L , Brewer Bonita J , Raghuraman M K 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Eukaryotic origins of DNA replication undergo activation at various times in S-phase, allowing the genome to be duplicated in a temporally staggered fashion. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the activation times of individual origins are not intrinsic to those origins but are instead governed by surrounding sequences. Currently, there are two examples of DNA sequences that are known to advance origin activation time, centromeres and forkhead transcription factor binding sites. By combining deletion and linker scanning mutational analysis with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to measure fork direction in the context of a two-origin plasmid, we have identified and characterized a 19- to 23-bp and a larger 584-bp DNA sequence that are capable of advancing origin activation time.
Processing influence on the reliability of platinum thin films for MEMS applications
Authors: Briand Danick , Heimgartner Stephan , Leboeuf Mireille , Dadras Massoud , Rooij Nico F. de 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe influence of high temperature post-processes on the microstructural, electrical, and mechanical properties of evaporated platinum thin films with tantalum as adhesion layer was investigated. Post-processes, such as deposition of a silicon nitride passivation layer by LPCVD and annealing at high temperature (up to 830°C) in an inert or reactive gaseous atmosphere, were performed separately or successively on platinum/tantalum films having different thickness. An abnormal grain growth and a grain reorientation occurred in the platinum films during the heat treatments, with more severe hillocks formation when performed in air at temperatures higher than 500°C. Another parameter influencing the electrical characteristics (resistivity, temperature coefficient of resistance) of these films, in addition to the post-processing temperature and time, was the thickness of the platinum film.A passivation made of LPCVD silicon nitride film was shown to stabilise the electrical properties of the Pt/Ta films before post-processing or operating them at high temperatures, up to the deposition temperature of the passivation film. However, if the passivation is removed, postprocessing of the Pt films at a higher temperature than 500°C in air induced more or less severe hillocks formation and adhesion problems could occur, related to the oxidation of tantalum. The adhesion of the Pt/Ta films was found to depend on the thickness of the LPCVD silicon nitride film deposited, which was removed before annealing in air. The Pt/Ta films properties depend on the annealing conditions, time and temperature, and on the history of the film, if the annealing was performed just after its deposition or after successive thermal processes.
Geographic Differentiation of ColombianNeoleucinodes elegantalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Haplotypes: Evidence for Solanaceae Host Plant Association and Holdridge Life Zones for Genetic Differentiation
Authors: Díaz-Montilla A E , Suárez-Baron H G , Gallego-Sánchez G , Saldamando—Benjumea C I , Tohme J 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the population structure of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in relation to host plant association and ecological Holdridge zones. Adult collections were made in cultivated and wild Solanaceae species in 13 departments of Colombia. Sequencing of 658 bp of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase 1 on 103 individuals produced 25 haplotypes. Haplotypes Hl, H2, H4, and H7 were the most frequent and were geographically separated by the Andean mountains. We obtained an FST = 0.57 (P &lt; 0.0001), where most of the genetic differentiation (42.64%) was between individuals within each department. Pairwise FST analysis produced higher genetic values between geographically separated departments than between closely related sites. H2 and H7 apparently behave as generalist populations, as they were found in different habitats and different hosts. The most divergent populations of N. elegantalis were found in southern Colombia, at a location were Solanun quitoense might have originated. Host plant association and environmental factors such as Holdridge life zones are playing an important role in the differentiation of N.elegantalis. Population structuring in N.elegantalis indicates that integrated pest management strategies used to control this species should consider the genetic differentiation of the species at different locations in Colombia.
Host Plant Effects on the Development, Survival, and Reproduction ofDysmicoccus brevipes(Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on Grapevines
Authors: Bertin A , Bortoli L C , Botton M , Parra JRP 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the most frequent and abundant mealybugs in Brazilian vineyards, where it causes direct and indirect damage to the vines. In this study, we investigated the effect of plant structures, cultivars, and vine rootstocks on the development, survival, and reproduction of D. brevipes under laboratory conditions. Leaves of the tablegrape cultivar’ ‘Itália’ (Vitis vinifera) and ‘Niágara Rosada’ (Vitis labrusca) and the vine roots of the rootstocks Paulsen 1103 (Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris) and IAC 572 (Vitis caribaea × 101-14 Mgt) were used as host plants. D. brevipes developed on different vegetative structures, cultivars, and vine rootstocks. D. brevipes showed the shortest developmental period and highest survival and fecundity rates on leaves of cultivar Itália. Survival on leaves was significantly higher than on roots. Roots of IAC 572 were unsuitable for D. brevipes development, resulting in nonreproductive females. The mealybugs’ longevity on leaves and vine roots was similar. Higher intrinsic and finite rates of increase and net reproductive rate were observed when mealybugs developed on Itália leaves. We concluded that the host plant affects the development and survival of D. brevipes and that the choice of the most appropriate cultivar or vine rootstock can help to reduce pest infestation, and is therefore an additional component to be included in the integrated pest management of grapes.
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of the Eggs of Some Noctuid Species Associated with Soybean in Brazil
Authors: Rolim Adrian Augusto Sosa Gomez , Yano Silvia Akimi Cavaguchi , Specht Alexandre , Andrade Celia Guadalupe Tardelli De Jesus , Sosa-Gómez Daniel Ricardo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe most important species of Lepidoptera that attack soybean, in descending order of importance, are Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll), and Spodoptera albula (Walker). In addition, Rachiplusia nu ( Guenée ) is one of the most common Plusiinae in the southern region of Brazil, encompassing the states of Paraná, Santa Catalina, and Rio Grande do Sul. The correct identification of these species is essential for choosing the appropriate control measures, as they differ in their susceptibility to insecticides and biological control agents. To distinguish Lepidoptera species commonly found in Brazil, the eggshells of all these species were morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Diagnostic characters for differentiating species include shape of rosette petals, number of primary cells, number of secondary cells, number of ribs, and rosette diameter. Also, a molecular diagnostic method using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was developed to distinguish noctuid species commonly found in Brazil. A 658-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene was amplified using PCR and then sequenced. The five Lepidoptera species were distinguished by restriction enzymes Bpm I and Mbol. RFLPs produced by Bpm I endonuclease were useful to discriminate species from within Spodoptera (S. cosmioides, S. eridania, and S. albula) and R. nu from C. includens. However, Bpm I did not digest the amplicons from S. eridania and C. includens, which were discriminated by RFLP patterns produced by the restriction enzyme MboI. PCR-RFLP can be performed in a short period, and it is useful to distinguish the most important Brazilian Lepidoptera soybean pests.
Spatial occupancy models applied to atlas data show Southern Ground Hornbills strongly depend on protected areas
Authors: Broms Kristin M. , Johnson Devin S. , Altwegg Res , Conquest Loveday L. 
Published: September 2013

Determining the range of a species and exploring species–habitat associations are central questions in ecology and can be answered by analyzing presence–absence data. Often, both the sampling of sites and the desired area of inference involve neighboring sites; thus, positive spatial autocorrelation between these sites is expected. Using survey data for the Southern Ground Hornbill (Bucorvus leadbeateri) from the Southern African Bird Atlas Project, we compared advantages and disadvantages of three increasingly complex models for species occupancy: an occupancy model that accounted for nondetection but assumed all sites were independent, and two spatial occupancy models that accounted for both nondetection and spatial autocorrelation. We modeled the spatial autocorrelation with an intrinsic conditional autoregressive (ICAR) model and with a restricted spatial regression (RSR) model. Both spatial models can readily be applied to any other gridded, presence–absence data set using a newly introduced R package.The RSR model provided the best inference and was able to capture small‐scale variation that the other models did not. It showed that ground hornbills are strongly dependent on protected areas in the north of their South African range, but less so further south. The ICAR models did not capture any spatial autocorrelation in the data, and they took an order of magnitude longer than the RSR models to run. Thus, the RSR occupancy model appears to be an attractive choice for modeling occurrences at large spatial domains, while accounting for imperfect detection and spatial autocorrelation.
An Exploratory Study of the Online Learning Environment
Authors: Khanlarian Cynthia J. , Singh Rahul 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Web-based homework (WBH) is an increasingly important phenomenon. There is little research about its character, the nature of its impact on student performance, and how that impact evolves over an academic term. The primary research questions addressed in this study are: What relevant factors in a WBH learning environment impact students' performance? And how does the impact of these factors change over the course of an academic term? This paper examines and identifies significant factors in a WBH learning environment and how they impact student performance. We studied over 300 students using WBH extensively for their coursework, throughout a semester in an undergraduate class at a large public university. In this paper, we present factors in the WBH learning environment that were found to have a significant impact on student performance during the course of a semester. In addition to individual and technological factors, this study presents findings that demonstrate that frustration with IT use is a component of the learning environment, and as a construct, has a larger impact than usefulness on student performance at the end of a course. Our results indicate that educators may benefit from training students and engaging them in utility of co-operative learning assignments to mitigate the level of frustration with the software in the WBH learning environment and improve student performance.
Effects of vermilion height on lip esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients
Authors: Ioi Hideki , Kang Sangwook , Shimomura Takahiro , Kim Seong-sik , Park Soo-byung , Son Woo-sung , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the influence of vermilion height on the assessment of lip attractiveness by Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods:
Vermilion heights were modified by increasing or decreasing the vermilion height in 1.0-mm increments from −3.0 mm to 3.0 mm with reference to an average vermilion height. Participants ranged from 15 to 29 years of age and comprised 29 Japanese and 25 Korean orthodontists and 96 Japanese and 72 Korean orthodontic patients. They all rated the attractiveness of seven images with altered vermilion height using a visual analog scale.

Results:
Across the participant groups, there were significant differences in the median esthetic scores for the seven vermilion height levels tested. The Japanese and Korean raters assigned the highest scores to the average vermilion height and assigned the lowest scores to the +3-mm increased vermilion height. The ranges of vermilion height preferred by orthodontists were found to be within the ranges preferred by orthodontic patients when evaluating the preferences in lip esthetics by country.

Conclusions:
We conclude that the −1-mm to +1-mm range for the average vermilion height is considered attractive for lips for both Japanese and Korean people.
Applicability of Park transformation for the analysis of transient performance during subsynchronous resonances
Authors: Kreischer Christian , Kulig Stefan , Göbel Carsten 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Long transmission lines have to be compensated to enhance the transport of active power. But a wrong design of the compensation may lead to subsynchronous resonances (SSR). For studies often park equivalent circuits are used. The parameters of the models are often determined analytically or by a three-phase short-circuit test. Models with this parameters give good results for frequencies of 50 Hz and 100 Hz resp. 60 Hz and 120 Hz. But SSR occurs at lower frequencies what arises the question of the reliability of the used models. Therefore in this publication a novel method for the determination of Park equivalent circuit parameters is presented. Herein the parameters are determined form time functions of the currents and the electromagnetic moment of the machine calculated by transient finite-element simulations. This parameters are used for network simulations and compared with the finite-element calculations. Compared to the parameters derived by a three-phase short-circuit a significant better accuracy of simulation results can be achieved by the presented method.