bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) on lipid and protein oxidation of refrigerated stored n‐3‐enriched pork
Authors: Botsoglou Evropi , Govaris Alexander , Pexara Andreana , Ambrosiadis Ioannis , Fletouris Dimitrios 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary olive leaves versus α‐tocopheryl acetate on lipid and protein oxidation of raw and cooked longissimus dorsi muscle from pigs fed diets supplemented with fish oil. Enrichment of pork with the very long chain n‐3 fatty acids increased (P ≤ 0.05) lipid oxidation in both raw and cooked chops during refrigerated storage, and decreased (P ≤ 0.05) the sensory attributes of the cooked chops, but had no effect (P > 0.05) on protein oxidation of both raw and cooked chops. Dietary olive leaves or α‐tocopheryl acetate had no effect (P > 0.05) on the fatty acid composition but decreased (P ≤ 0.05) lipid oxidation while exerting no effect (P > 0.05) on protein oxidation in both raw and cooked chops during refrigerated storage. In addition, dietary olive leaves at 10 g kg−1 feed and α‐tocopheryl acetate at 200 mg kg−1 feed exerted (P ≤ 0.05) a beneficial effect on the sensory attributes of cooked n‐3‐enriched chops.
Increased abundance of Frost mRNA during recovery from cold stress is not essential for cold tolerance in adult Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Udaka H. , Percival‐Smith A. , Sinclair B. J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFrost (Fst) is a candidate gene associated with the response to cold in Drosophila melanogaster because Fst mRNA accumulation increases during recovery from low temperature exposure. We investigated the contribution of Fst expression to chill‐coma recovery time, acute cold tolerance and rapid cold hardening (RCH) in adult D. melanogaster by knocking down Fst mRNA expression using GAL4/UAS‐mediated RNA interference. In this experiment, four UAS‐Fst and one tubulin‐GAL4 lines were used. We predicted that if Fst is essential for cold tolerance phenotypes, flies with low Fst mRNA levels should be less cold tolerant than flies with normal levels of cold‐induced Fst mRNA. Cold‐induced Fst abundance and recovery time from chill‐coma were not negatively correlated in male or female flies. Survival of 2 h exposures to sub‐zero temperatures in Fst knockdown lines was not lower than that in a control line. Moreover, a low temperature pretreatment increased survival of severe cold exposure in flies regardless of Fst abundance level during recovery from cold stress, suggesting that Fst expression is not essential for RCH. Thus, cold‐induced Fst accumulation is not essential for cold tolerance measured as chill‐coma recovery time, survival to acute cold stress and RCH response in adult D. melanogaster.
The Direct Energy Demand of Internet Data Flows
Authors: Coroama Vlad C. , Hilty Lorenz M. , Heiri Ernst , Horn Frank M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe direct energy demand of Internet data flows can be assessed using a variety of methodological approaches (top‐down, bottom‐up, or hybrid/model based) and different definitions of system boundaries. Because of this diversity, results reported in the literature differ by up to two orders of magnitude and are difficult to compare. We present a first assessment that uses a pure bottom‐up approach and a system boundary that includes only transmission equipment. The assessment is based on the case study of a 40 megabit per second videoconferencing transmission between Switzerland and Japan, yielding a consumption of 0.2 kilowatt‐hours per transmitted gigabyte for 2009, a result that supports the lowest of the existing estimates. We discuss the practical implications of our findings.
δ‐opioid receptor activation leads to neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation via a STAT5B‐Gαi/o pathway
Authors: Georganta Eirini‐Maria , Tsoutsi Lambrini , Gaitanou Maria , Georgoussi Zafiroula 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIt remains unclear how opioid receptors (δ, μ, κ) are implicated in mechanisms controlling differentiation, cell proliferation, and survival. Opioid receptors are coupled to Gi/Go proteins and recent findings have shown that opioid receptors can form a multicomponent signaling complex, consisting of members of G protein and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5B. We thus wondered whether activation of the opioid receptors could direct differentiation and neurite outgrowth through a molecular pathway involving STAT5B and other signaling intermediates. We demonstrate that prolonged δ‐opioid receptor (δ‐OR) activation with opioid agonists induces STAT5B phosphorylation in Neuro‐2A cells. Moreover, [D‐Ser2, Leu5, Thr6]‐enkephalin‐activation of δ‐OR triggers neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival; these effects are blocked by the selective antagonist naltrindole, by treatment with pertussis toxin, and after expression of a dominant negative mutant of STAT5B (DN‐STAT5B), suggesting that the signaling pathway participating in this mechanism involves Gi/o proteins and p‐STAT5B. Additional studies have shown that while [D‐Ser2, Leu5, Thr6]‐enkephalin exposure of neuroblastoma cells induces a marked increase in the differentiation marker proteins, βIII‐tubulin (Tuj‐1), synaptophysin, and neural cell adhesion molecule, over‐expression of the DN‐STAT5B attenuated significantly their expression levels. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that δ‐OR activation leads to a number of neurotropic events via a Gαi/o‐linked and STAT5B‐dependent manner.
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We propose a novel signalling pathway for δ‐opioid receptor (δ‐ΟR)‐mediated neurotropic events. STAT5B interacts with the δ‐ΟR and upon prolonged receptor activation phosphorylates STAT5B in a Gi/Go dependent manner leading to increased neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth and differentiation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular and cellular events following δ‐OR activation and suggest a possible neuroprotective role opioids could exert.
Cross-talk with β2-adrenoceptors enhances ligand affinity properties from endothelial alpha1D-adrenoceptors that mediates carotid relaxation
Authors: Pernomian Larissa , Gomes Mayara Santos , Restini Carolina Baraldi Araujo , Pupo André Sampaio , de Oliveira Ana Maria 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Our main objectives were to investigate the affinity properties of endothelial and muscular α1D-adrenoceptors and to characterize the cross-talk between endothelial α1D-adrenoceptors and β2-adrenoceptors in rat carotid.

Methods
Relaxation and contraction concentration-response curves for phenylephrine (α1-adrenergic agonist) were obtained in carotid rings in absence or presence of increasing concentrations of BMY7378 (α1D-adrenergic antagonist), combined or not with increasing concentration of ICI-118,551 (β2-adrenergic antagonist). Schild analysis was used to estimate the affinity constant from pA2 values of BMY7378.

Key Findings
BMY7378 produced an unsurmountable antagonism on phenylephrine-induced relaxation but a surmountable antagonism on phenylephrine-induced contraction. BMY7378 potency was higher in inhibiting the relaxation than the contraction induced by phenylephrine because the rightward shifts induced by BMY7378 were greater in the relaxation. The apparent pA2 value for BMY7378 in phenylephrine-induced relaxation was greater than in contraction. When combined with ICI-118,551, BMY7378 yielded a surmountable antagonism on phenylephrine-induced relaxation and presented a pA2 value similar to that obtained in phenylephrine-induced contraction.

Conclusions
Endothelial α1D-adrenoceptors, which mediates rat carotid relaxation, present high ligand affinity because of the cross-talk with β2-adrenoceptors, which explains the higher potency of phenylephrine in inducing relaxation than contraction and the atypical unsurmountable antagonism produced by BMY7378 on phenylephrine-induced relaxation.
Genetic drift outweighs natural selection at toll‐like receptor (TLR) immunity loci in a re‐introduced population of a threatened species
Authors: Grueber Catherine E. , Wallis Graham P. , Jamieson Ian G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDuring population establishment, genetic drift can be the key driver of changes in genetic diversity, particularly while the population is small. However, natural selection can also play a role in shaping diversity at functionally important loci. We used a well‐studied, re‐introduced population of the threatenedStewartIsland robin (N = 722 pedigreed individuals) to determine whether selection shaped genetic diversity at innate immunity toll‐like receptor (TLR) genes, over a 9‐year period of population growth following establishment with 12 genetic founders. We found no evidence for selection operating with respect toTLRdiversity on first‐year overwinter survival for the majority of loci, genotypes and alleles studied. However, survival of individuals withTLR4BEgenotype was significantly improved: these birds were less than half as likely to die prior to maturity compared with all otherTLR4genotypes. Furthermore, the population frequency of this genotype, at a two‐fold excess overHardy–Weinberg expectation, was increased by nonrandom mating. Near‐complete sampling and full pedigree and reproductive data enabled us to eliminate other potential causes of these patterns including inbreeding, year effects, density dependence, selection on animals at earlier life history stages or genome‐level association of theTLR4Eallele with ‘good genes’. However, comparison of observed levels of gene diversity to predictions under simulated genetic drift revealed results consistent with neutral expectations for all loci, includingTLR4. Although selection favouredTLR4BEheterozygotes in this population, these effects were insufficient to outweigh genetic drift. This is the first empirical study to show that genetic drift can overwhelm natural selection in a wild population immediately following establishment.
A comprehensive genetic study reveals a crucial role of CYP90D2/D2 in regulating plant architecture in rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Li Hui , Jiang Ling , Youn Ji‐Hyun , Sun Wei , Cheng Zhijun , Jin Tianyun , Ma Xiaoding , Guo Xiuping , Wang Jiulin , Zhang Xin , Wu Fuqing , Wu Chuanyin , Kim Seong‐Ki , Wan Jianmin 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential regulators of plant architecture. Understanding how BRs control plant height and leaf angle would facilitate development of new plant type varieties by biotechnology. A number of mutants involved in BR biosynthesis have been isolated but many of them lack detailed genetic analysis. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a severe dwarf mutant, chromosome segment deleted dwarf 1 (csdd1), which was deficient in BR biosynthesis in rice.

We isolated the mutant by screening a tissue culture‐derived population, cloned the gene by mapping, and confirmed its function by complementary and RNAi experiments, combined with physiological and chemical analysis.

We showed that the severe dwarf phenotype was caused by a complete deletion of a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP90D2/D2, which was further confirmed in two independent T‐DNA insertion lines in different genetic backgrounds and by RNA interference. Our chemical analysis suggested that CYP90D2/D2 might catalyze C‐3 dehydrogenation step in BR biosynthesis.

We have demonstrated that the CYP90D2/D2 gene plays a more important role than previously reported. Allelic mutations of CYP90D2/D2 confer varying degrees of dwarfism and leaf angle, thus providing useful information for molecular breeding in grain crop plants.
Evaluation of Performance of Predictive Models for Deoxynivalenol in Wheat
Authors: van der Fels‐Klerx H. J. 
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of two predictive models for deoxynivalenol contamination of wheat at harvest in the Netherlands, including the use of weather forecast data and external model validation. Data were collected in a different year and from different wheat fields than data used for model development. The two models were run for six preset scenarios, varying in the period for which weather forecast data were used, from zero‐day (historical data only) to a 13‐day period around wheat flowering. Model predictions using forecast weather data were compared to those using historical data. Furthermore, model predictions using historical weather data were evaluated against observed deoxynivalenol contamination of the wheat fields.Results showed that the use of weather forecast data rather than observed data only slightly influenced model predictions. The percent of correct model predictions, given a threshold of 1,250 μg/kg (legal limit in European Union), was about 95% for the two models. However, only three samples had a deoxynivalenol concentration above this threshold, and the models were not able to predict these samples correctly.It was concluded that two‐ week weather forecast data can reliable be used in descriptive models for deoxynivalenol contamination of wheat, resulting in more timely model predictions. The two models are able to predict lower deoxynivalenol contamination correctly, but model performance in situations with high deoxynivalenol contamination needs to be further validated. This will need years with conducive environmental conditions for deoxynivalenol contamination of wheat.
A Review and Remediation of a Code Non-Compliance Incident: Lessons Learned
Authors: Aumuller John J. , Xia Zihui , Carucci Vincent A. 
Published: July 2013

The ASME Codes address the needs of industry and the public for the construction of safe equipment for pressure containment. The two basic philosophies underlying the requirements of the ASME VIII sections are “rules based” design versus “design by analysis”.
Code contributors have written extensively on the need for Code users to apply common sense when using the Code. This message is often lost in the confusion when atypical mechanical design details have been intentionally or inadvertently used. Those atypical design details that can be identified during the review process can be easily resolved; details that are discovered after construction completion and, worse yet, just prior to operation can be devastating to a project. The Code places emphasis on education, experience and the use of engineering judgment but, these can never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specific prohibitions of the Code.
A specific incident is reviewed wherein the regulatory authority of the jurisdiction intervened and de-registered a vessel design due to Code non-compliance. Although the deficient detail was thought to be better, based on consideration of engineering principles, than the detail strictly meeting Code requirements, the as-constructed detail was rejected by the regulatory authority. Extensive field rework ensued to modify the detail to conform to Code, and of course the costs were very high. This paper reviews the engineering issues, illustrates the motivation for the Code requirements, and serves as a reminder to Code users to be vigilant in the details of Code construction.
Application of Gurson Model to Ni-Based Alloy Weld Joint Pipe With an Axial or a Circumferential Surface Flaw
Authors: Hojo Kiminobu , Ogawa Naoki 
Published: July 2013

The previous paper[1] reported the fracture test results using pipe models (8B and 14B for bending) with an alloy 132 weld joint at room temperature and high temperature (325degC). The predicted loads by limit load evaluation method of the pipes at 325 deg C (8B and 14B) and at room temperature (8B) with the initial surface flaw whose depth is 75% of the pipe thickness were in good agreement with the maximum test loads. However 14B pipe at room temperature, the predicted load has 20% unconservative difference from the measured data.
To predict the different fracture behavior or fracture mode of the same welding material at a flaw location with different flaw or model geometry by numerical procedure without large sized test model, Gurson model[2] was applied on trial to the two types of the pipe models with a circumferential or an axial flaw and one plate model for simplification for the case of the pipe with an axial flaw. As a result the plate model predicted the penetration pressure of the pressure test of the pipe with an axial flaw with 1.3times larger than the test result, while the pipe model with an axial flaw over-predicted the test result by 1.45 times. On the other hand the maximum load around crack penetration of the pipe model with a circumferential flaw was 0.9 times of the test results. Discussions for application of Gurson model were made.
Shakedown at Thermal Discontinuities Involving Thermal Membrane and Thermal Bending Stress
Authors: Asadkarami Ali , Reinhardt Wolf 
Published: July 2013

The current ASME Code Section III NB-3200 rules on thermal stress ratchet require that the thermal stress must be less than the ratchet condition that Bree established for a cyclic pure thermal bending stress as a function of the level of primary membrane stress. It has been shown that this method can predict shakedown when elastic-perfectly plastic analysis shows ratcheting. However, there is also conservatism in the Code rules because the highest stresses that dominate the evaluation of a component are typically found at discontinuities, where there is a stress gradient at least in the axial direction. The stress limits, on the other hand, are based on stress distributions that are constant in the axial (and circumferential) direction.
This paper investigates the effect of thermal discontinuities on the shakedown limit in the presence of a thermal through-wall gradient and a pressure-induced primary stress. The investigation is based on the simple model of a cylinder with an isolated thermal discontinuity. The effect of proximity to another discontinuity is explored, to obtain the minimum distance between two discontinuities that would allow them to be considered separately. Simple rules are developed and proposed to take potentially advantage of higher stress limits at an isolated discontinuity.
Asperger syndrome and anxiety disorders (PAsSA) treatment trial: a study protocol of a pilot, multicentre, single-blind, randomised crossover trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy
Authors: Langdon Peter E , Murphy Glynis H , Wilson Edward , Shepstone Lee , Fowler David , Heavens David , Malovic Aida , Russell Alexandra 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionA number of studies have established that children, adolescents and adults with Asperger syndrome (AS) and high functioning autism (HFA) have significant problems with anxiety. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for anxiety in a variety of clinical populations. There is a growing interest in exploring the effectiveness of CBT for people with AS who have mental health problems, but currently there are no known clinical trials involving adults with AS or HFA. Studies with children who have AS have reported some success. The current study aims to examine whether modified group CBT for clinically significant anxiety in an AS population is likely to be efficacious.Methods and analysisThis study is a randomised, single-blind crossover trial. At least 36 individuals will be recruited and randomised into a treatment arm or a waiting-list control arm. During treatment, individuals will receive 3 sessions of individual CBT, followed by 21 sessions of group CBT. Primary outcome measures focus on anxiety. Secondary outcome measures focus on everyday social and psychiatric functioning, additional measures of anxiety and fear, depression, health-related quality of life and treatment cost. Assessments will be administered at pregroup and postgroup and at follow-up by researchers who are blinded to group allocation. The trial aims to find out whether or not psychological treatments for anxiety can be adapted and used to successfully treat the anxiety experienced by people with AS. Furthermore, we aim to determine whether this intervention represents good value for money.Ethics and disseminationThe trial received a favourable ethical opinion from a National Health Service (NHS) Research Ethics Committee. All participants provided written informed consent. Findings will be shared with all trial participants, and the general public, as well as the scientific community.Trial RegistrationISRCTN 30265294 (DOI: 10.1186/ISRCTN30265294), UKCRN 8370.
Southern Ocean bioproductivity during the last glacial cycle – new detection method and decadal-scale insight from the Scotia Sea
Authors: Sprenk D. , Weber M. E. , Kuhn G. , Rosén P. , Frank M. , Molina-Kescher M. , Liebetrau V. , Röhling H.-G. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

We present biogenic opal flux records from two deep-sea sites in the Scotia Sea (MD07-3133 and MD07-3134) at decadal-scale resolution, covering the last glacial cycle. In addition to conventional and time-consuming biogenic opal measuring methods, we introduce new biogenic opal estimation methods derived from sediment colour
b
*, wet bulk density, Si/Ti-count ratio and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS). All methods capture the biogenic opal amplitude; however, FTIRS–a novel method for marine sediment – yields the most reliable results.
230
Th normalization data show strong differences in sediment focusing with intensified sediment focusing during glacial times. At MD07-3134
230
Th normalized biogenic opal fluxes vary between 0.2 and 2.5 g cm
−2
kyr
−1
. Our biogenic opal flux records indicate bioproductivity changes in the Southern Ocean, strongly influenced by sea ice distribution and also summer sea surface temperature changes. South of the Antarctic Polar Front, lowest bioproductivity occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum when upwelling of mid-depth water was reduced and sea ice cover intensified. Around 17 ka, bioproductivity increased abruptly, corresponding to rising atmospheric CO
2
and decreasing seasonal sea ice coverage.
LiDAR-based digital outcrops for sedimentological analysis: workflows and techniques
Authors: Rarity F. , van Lanen X. M. T. , Hodgetts D. , Gawthorpe R. L. , Wilson P. , Fabuel-Perez I. , Redfern J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Recent developments in workflows and techniques for the integration and analysis of terrestrial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) and conventional outcrop datasets are demonstrated through three case studies. The first study shows the power of three-dimensional (3D) data visualization, in association with an innovative surface-modelling technique, for establishing large-scale 3D stratigraphical frameworks. The second presents an approach to derive reliable geometrical data on sediment-body geometries, whereas the third presents a new technique to quantify the proportions, distributions and variability of sedimentary facies directly from outcrop. In combination, these techniques provide essential conditioning data for geocellular and stochastic facies modelling. Built upon robust, reproducible and quantitative data, the resultant models combine realistic 3D geological architectures with sufficient quantities of reliable numerical data required for stable statistical analysis and establishing uncertainty. Together this new information provides detailed understanding and quantification of the 3D complexity of the sedimentary systems in question, thus offering insights of value for predicting the subsurface anatomy of analogous petroleum systems. As such, use of LiDAR, when combined with conventional field geology, offers a powerful tool for quantitative outcrop analysis, tightly constraining 3D structural and stratigraphical interpretations, and effectively increasing the statistical significance of outcrop analogues for reservoir characterization.