bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pragmatic approach to embedding patient blood management in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Leahy Michael F. , Roberts Heather , Mukhtar S. Aqif , Farmer Shannon , Tovey Julie , Jewlachow Val , Dixon Tracy , Lau Peter , Ward Michael , Vodanovich Matthew , Trentino Kevin , Kruger Paul C. , Gallagher Trudi , Koay Audrey , Hofmann Axel , Semmens James B. , Towler Simon ,   Western Australian Patient Blood Management Program
Published: August 2013

BackgroundWe describe the implementation and impact of a patient blood management program (PBMP) in an Australian teaching hospital.Study Design and MethodsA PBMP was introduced at a single tertiary care hospital in 2009 as a pilot for the Western Australian Health Department statewide PBMP. The first 3 years of interventions aimed to make effective use of preoperative clinics, manage perioperative anemia, improve perioperative hemostasis, reduce blood sample volumes, and implement restrictive transfusion triggers and a single‐unit transfusion policy.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2011, admissions to Fremantle Hospital and Health Services increased by 22%. Using 2008 as a reference year, the mean number of red blood cell (RBC) units per admission declined 26% by 2011. Use of fresh‐frozen plasma and platelets showed 38 and 16% declines, respectively. Cryoprecipitate increased 7% over the 4‐year period. For elective admissions between 2008 and 2011, the leading decline in RBC transfusion rate was seen in cardiothoracic surgery (27.5% to 12.8%). The proportion of single RBC unit use increased from 13% to 28% (p < 0.001), and the proportion of double units decreased from 48% to 37% (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first tertiary hospital in Australia to establish a multidisciplinary multimodal PBMP. Interventions across disciplines resulted in decreased use of RBC units especially in orthopedic and cardiothoracic surgery. Continuing education and feedback to specialties will maintain the program, improve patient outcomes, and decrease the transfusion rate.
The effect of salt stress on Arabidopsis thaliana and Phelipanche ramosa interaction
Authors: Demirbas S , Vlachonasios K E , Acar O , Kaldis A 
Published: August 2013

SummarySalinity and Orobanche or Phelipanche spp. infection are important crop stress factors in agricultural areas. In this study, we investigated the effect of salt stress on Phelipanche ramosa seed germination and its attachment onto Arabidopsis thaliana roots. We also evaluated the effect of both stresses on the expression of genes regulated by abiotic and biotic stresses. According to our results, high concentration of NaCl delayed P. ramosa seed germination in the presence of a strigolactone analogue (GR24). A similar pattern was observed in the presence of A. thaliana plants. Furthermore, we found that salt‐treated A. thaliana seedlings were more sensitive to P. ramosa attachment compared with the untreated plants, indicating that there was a positive correlation between salt sensitivity and the ability of P. ramosa to infect A. thaliana plants. At the molecular level, a synergystic effect of both salt and P. ramosa stresses was observed on the cold‐regulated (COR) gene expression profile of treated A. thaliana seedlings. Our data clarify the interaction between parasitic plants and their hosts under abiotic stress conditions.
Retracted: Risks of Avian Influenza (H5) in Duck Farms in the Ayeyarwaddy Delta Region, Myanmar
Authors: Win H. H. , Mon C. C. Su , Aung K. M. , Oo K. N. , Sunn K. , Htun T. , Tiensin T. , Maclean M. , Kalpravidh W. , Amonsin A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe Ayeyarwaddy delta region in the south‐west of Myanmar is the main agricultural and rice‐growing area. The region has a high density of duck and backyard chicken populations with low biosecurity. The objective of this study was to analyse risk factors for avian influenza (H5) in the Ayeyarwaddy delta region, Myanmar. A case–control risk factor study was conducted from April to June 2010 by individual interviews including risk factor questionnaires given to duck farmers (n = 50) in five townships in the Ayeyarwaddy delta region, Myanmar. Risk factor analyses were conducted using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model with backward stepwise (wald) method. The results showed significant risk factors for AI (H5) sero‐positivity in ducks were wooden egg box containers (OR = 52.7, 95% CI = 2.34–1188, P = 0.013) and water sourced from wetlands (OR = 30.7, 95% CI = 1.96–481.6, P = 0.015). Conversely, the cleaning of reusable egg containers was determined as a protective factor (OR = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.00–0.42, P = 0.01). In conclusion, this study identified risk factors for AI (H5) in duck farms and the importance of avian influenza prevention and control.
Development of Tightening Specification for Post Yield Angle Control Tightening Strategy
Authors: Housari Basil , Alkelani Ali , Yocum Grant 
Published: August 2013

There are several tightening strategies used for bolted joints in the industry, such as torque control, angle control, yield control, and stretch control. The most common strategy is torque control due to the ease of use, simple tooling, and availability of tabulated torque and average corresponding clamp force values for common fastener sizes and classes.
For some special applications, angle controlled tightening strategy is used where maximum fastener strength utilization and more consistent clamp load are required. Unlike torque control tightening strategy, angle control tightening is more complicated and requires more advanced tooling. In addition, there are no tabulated values that provide the angle control tightening parameters for a specific fastener material and size. The tightening specification is rather developed on a case by case basis.
This paper provides a method for developing tightening specification for angle control tightening. It also provides a method to calculate the maximum expected final torque which can be used to select the proper tool size. The maximum expected final torques are tabulated in the paper for most commonly used fasteners. Finally, the paper provides a criterion for detecting parts and/or joint quality issues when angle control tightening is used.
Standard Procedure to Test 2-1/4Cr-1Mo-V Saw Filler Material Reheat Cracking Susceptibility
Authors: Pillot Sylvain , Chauvy Cédric 
Published: August 2013

In late 2007 and early 2008, 2 1/4Cr1MoV heavy reactors fabrication has undergone some weld metal reheat cracking issues that became a serious situation as roughly 25 large vessels were affected. Strong efforts from the whole production chain were put in trying to isolate the root cause of the crack appearance and solve this particular matter. Many investigations were conducted by independent laboratories in the first months of 2008.
In particular, a hot tensile Gleeble® test indicated a decrease in ductility in the critical temperature range of Intermediate Stress Relieving (ISR) treatment (650–680 °C) of the affected welding consumables compared to those that did not cause cracking. This mechanical test was successfully combined with high sensitivity chemical analyses (Glow Discharge Mass Spectroscopy – GDMS) to find the root cause of such batch-to-batch differences in ductility. A chemical composition factor, called Kfactor, was defined and statistically linked to the Gleeble® test in July 2008. Altogether, it permitted to solve the issue.
Even if reliable and well documented, the Gleeble® test was originally developed to understand the root cause of the cracking. But due to lack of other solutions, its role was largely extended and it became a kind of standard test to qualify 2 1/4Cr1MoV SAW filler material. It was decided to optimize this test, keeping its general philosophy but making it feasible by a larger number of laboratories. In order to do that, a one-year Joint Industrial Program (JIP) was proposed to the community, accepted, sponsored and launched at the beginning of 2010. The target was to create a new test protocol able to discriminate batches of filler material.
The objective of this paper is to summarize the investigations performed and the optimization of the original Gleeble® test during the project that led to the definition of a new hot tensile mechanical test successfully benchmarked by independent laboratories and now balloted to be incorporated in American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended practice API RP 934-A as a new appendix.
Design, Simulation and Testing of Overpack Encapsulation Vessels
Authors: Towse A. , Dodds J. 
Published: August 2013

The paper presents an overpack designed to contain nuclear product cans which may become pressurised or contaminated. The overpack provides a protective barrier to an inner product can, and due to the possibility of leakage of gas from the contents, the overpack must also function as a pressure vessel. Furthermore, the overpack is required to provide physical protection to the inner can and proof of containment was therefore necessary under a number of different impact scenarios, both pre-pressurised and also with the simulation of pressurisation at the moment of impact. Additionally, the inner product can was to be maintained in a central position during the deceleration at impact.
This paper focuses on the analytical design and substantiation of the impact of the system which was performed using an explicit dynamic solver for a number of impact orientations. The design of the overpack to satisfy the relevant pressure vessel Code are not discussed in detail. The potential failure modes of the overpack during impact were assessed and design improvements made over a number of iterations. Following completion of the design and simulation phase, prototypes were built and tested to verify the engineering design and analysis. The testing showed that simulation driven design in conjunction with a pressure vessel design by rule approach was successful in creating a solution for the product can encapsulation. A comparison between the analytical simulation and high-speed video footage of the testing was also made.
NESC VII: A European Project for Application of WPS in RPV Assessment Including Biaxial Loading
Authors: Moinereau Dominique , Chapuliot Stéphane , Marie Stéphane , Gilles Philippe 
Published: August 2013

The Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) is an essential component liable to limit the lifetime duration of pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants. The assessment of defects in RPV subjected to PTS (pressurized thermal shock) transients made at an European level does not necessarily take into account the beneficial effect of load history (warm pre-stress WPS) on the resistance of RPV material regarding the risk of brittle failure. Numerous experimental, analytical and numerical results are available, which confirm the beneficial effect of warm pre-stress on RPV steels, with an effective increase of the material resistance regarding the risk of brittle failure.
NESC VII (Network for Evaluating Steel Components), a new project dealing with WPS, has been launched in 2008 (in link with the European Network of Excellence NULIFE) with the participation of international organizations (involving R&D and Technical support, Utilities, Manufacturers, Safety & Regularory organizations). Based on experimental, analytical and numerical tasks, the project is focussed on topics generally non covered by past experience on WPS : biaxiality of loading on small and large-scale specimens, influence and effect of irradiation, applicability to intergranular fracture, modeling (including analytical and numerical models) … Among these tasks, new original WPS experiments are conducted on small, medium and large scale specimens to study the influence of biaxial loading on WPS effect, using a fully representative RPV steel (18MND5 steel similar to A533B steel).
A full description of NESC VII project, including the present status, is presented in this paper.
Alignment of Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors for the B31 Book Sections
Authors: Creates David H. , Côté Daniel P. 
Published: August 2013

It has been recognized for some time that the current B31 Codes are inconsistent in the values they use for stress intensification factors for piping design. ASME has undertaken a project to align the Stress Intensification and Flexibility Factors in the various B31 book sections via the ASME ST-LLC 07-02 Project which is being managed by the Paulin Research Group. The intent is neither to decrease nor to increase conservatism but rather to improve the accuracy of piping analysis as it attempts to model the real world. The supporting research is based on literature reviews, recent testing (within the last 25 years), new testing, advanced analysis techniques and interviews with industry and research personnel. The results are intended to be eventually included in a non-mandatory appendix to ASME B31J.
In this paper the scope of the changes and visual representation of some of the current information from the Project is provided to acquaint the piping analysts in general terms. Since flexibility changes are more fundamental to piping analysis, some discussion is provided as to how to incorporate them and some of the possible effects on piping design.
Analysis of Venting of a Resin Slurry
Authors: Laurinat James E. , Hensel Steve J. 
Published: August 2013

A resin slurry venting analysis was conducted to address safety issues associated with overpressurization of ion exchange columns used in the Purex process at the Savannah River Site (SRS). If flow to these columns were inadvertently interrupted, an exothermic runaway reaction could occur between the ion exchange resin and the nitric acid used in the feed stream. The nitric acid-resin reaction generates significant quantities of noncondensable gases, which would pressurize the column. To prevent the column from rupturing during such events, rupture disks are installed on the column vent lines.
The venting analysis models accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) tests and data from tests that were performed in a vented test vessel with a rupture disk. The tests showed that the pressure inside the test vessel continued to increase after the rupture disk opened, though at a slower rate than prior to the rupture. Calculated maximum discharge rates for the resin venting tests exceeded the measured rates of gas generation, so the vent size was sufficient to relieve the pressure in the test vessel if the vent flow rate was constant. The increase in the vessel pressure is modeled as a transient phenomenon associated with expansion of the resin slurry/gas mixture upon rupture of the disk. It is postulated that the maximum pressure at the end of this expansion is limited by energy minimization to approximately 1.5 times the rupture disk burst pressure. The magnitude of this pressure increase is consistent with the measured pressure transients. The results of this analysis demonstrate the need to allow for a margin between the design pressure and the rupture disk burst pressure in similar applications.
Study on the Effect of Axial Flaw Length on Limit Bending Load of Wall Thinned Straight Pipes by Large Strain Finite Element Analyses
Authors: Ito Yoshiaki , Meshii Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we examined the effect of axial flaw length δz (Fig. 1) on limit bending load Mc of wall-thinned straight pipes by large strain finite element analysis (FEA). In the past, Han et al. [1] studied the effect of axial flaw length δz on limit bending load Mc of wall-thinned straight pipes by limit-load analyses. Han et al.’s [1] results indicated the trend which the Mc monotonically decreased with the increase in δz. If this finding is accepted, the Mc for a crack is larger than that for a non-planar flaw (wall thinning), and as a result, using the crack model for a non-planar flaw would be non-conservative. In contrast, Tsuji and Meshii [2] demonstrated by their tests that the Mc showed the maximum for a small δz. They estimated that this inconsistency was mainly due to the fact that Han et al. [1] and other researchers always assumed the fracture mode as the collapse, but the cracking was observed in Tsuji’s [2] experiment for small δz.
Therefore in this work, we examined the effect of axial flaw length δz on limit bending load Mc of wall-thinned straight pipes by large strain FEA and applying Domain Collapse Criterion (DCC) [3] (which can predict fracture mode and the Mc accurately) to FEA results. In concrete, we attempted to reproduce Tsuji and Meshii’s experimental results [2] by FEA that the Mc showed the maximum for a small δz. In addition, we tried to understand the reason why limit-load analysis failed to predict this tendency.
The results showed that large strain FEA with DCC [3] reproduced the Mc-δz relationship observed in the experiments. The inconsistency of Mc-δz relationship between Tsuji and Meshii’s experiment [2] and Han et al.’s limit-load analysis [1] and others analysis was estimated on due to the limit-load analysis failed to predict the failure for the flaw with a small δz, in which the failure mode is governed by the local stress (cracking) and not by the plastic deformation in a large volume (collapse).
Residual Stress Evaluation of Hydraulically Expanded Tube-to-Tubesheet Joint
Authors: Otani Yoshihiro , Sakakibara Yohei , Tsunori Mitsuyoshi , Ohtake Yasuhiro , Shutto Nobuyuki 
Published: August 2013

An evaluation of a residual stress of hydraulically expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints is important in strength evaluation of certain devices such as heat exchangers, steam generators, etc. In this study, we carried out the analytical and experimental investigation in order to develop a model for the prediction of residual stress.
The experiment of the tube expansion was carried out with nickel-base alloy tubes and a low-alloy steel tubesheet. The residual stress of each tube was evaluated by sectioning method where the released strain was measured after each tube was cut into thin strips. As a result, the tensile residual stress was detected at the transition zone between the expanded zone and the non-expanded zone on each tube. A finite element analysis was also performed with a three dimensional model for the tube-to-tubesheet joint. The accuracy of the analysis, however, needed to be improved. Therefore FEM models were developed where the following factors were considered: (i) work-hardened layer on the tube before expansion, (ii) friction between the inner surface of the tube and the mandrel used for hydraulic expansion. The accuracy improvement of the analysis was confirmed through the comparison of the numerical and experimental results.
Bench-KJ: Benchmark on Analytical Calculation of Fracture Mechanics Parameters KI and J for Cracked Piping Components
Authors: Marie S. , Faidy C. 
Published: August 2013

For many design and ageing considerations fracture mechanics is needed to evaluate cracked components. The major parameters used are K and J. For that, the different codes (RSE-M appendix 5, RCC-MRx appendix A16, R6 rule, ASME B&PV Code Section XI, API, VERLIFE, Russian Code…) propose compendia of stress intensity factors, and for some of them compendia of limit loads for usual situations, in terms of component geometry, type of defect and loading conditions.
The benchmark bench-KJ, proposed in the frame of the OECD/IAGE Group, aims to compare these different estimation schemes by comparison to reference analyses done by Finite Element Method, for representative cases (pipes and elbows, mechanical or/and thermal loadings, different type and size of cracks). The objective is to have a global comparison of the procedures but also of all independent elements as stress intensity factor or reference stress.
The benchmark will cover simple cases with basic mechanical loads like pressure and bending up to complex load combinations and complex geometries (cylinders and elbows) including cladding or welds: these cases are classified into 6 tasks.
Twenty-eigth partners are involved in this benchmark. This paper gives a global overview of the different tasks of the benchmark and presents the analysis of the results for the first task, devoted on the elastic stress intensity factor calculation (task 1).
Development of Test on Sent Specimens to Study Geometry Effects
Authors: Le Delliou Patrick , El-Gharib Joumana 
Published: August 2013

The accurate prediction of ductile fracture behaviour plays an important role in structural integrity assessments of critical engineering structures under fully plastic regime, including nuclear reactors and piping systems. Many structural steels and aluminium alloys generally exhibit significant increases in fracture toughness, characterized by the J-integral, over the first few mm of stable crack extension (Δa), often accompanied by large increases in background plastic deformation. Conventional testing programs to measure crack growth resistance (J-Δa) curves employ three-point bend, SEN(B), or compact, CT. However, laboratory testing of fracture specimens to measure resistance curves (J-Δa) consistently reveals a marked effect of absolute specimen size, geometry, relative crack size (a/W ratio) and loading mode (tension vs. bending) on R-curves. These effects observed in R-curves have enormous practical implications in defect assessments and repair decisions of in-service structures under low constraint conditions. Structural components falling into this category include pressurized piping systems with surface flaws that form during fabrication or during in-service operation.
This paper presents the on-going work to develop specimens and test procedures to study geometry effects (e.g., triaxiality effects) in the brittle to ductile transition of carbon-manganese steels, the basic idea being to compare the results obtained on these specimens with the results obtained on CT specimens. A clamped SENT specimen was chosen for this study. Finite element computations have been made to optimize the specimen shape and to develop the η-factor, the shape factor F (to compute K) and the normalized compliance μ. Preliminary tests have been conducted, showing that some adjustments of the test procedure should be made. Tests on new specimens are on-going.