bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Centrally Held Data to Validate Carotid Surgery Outcome Data
Authors: Stuart Wesley P. , Hussey Keith K. , Eifell Ron K.G. , Drummond Robert , Ford Ian , Welch George H. 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
Outcome audit data for peer group comparison must be transparent, objective, and independently reproducible. Personal data sets are difficult to maintain and often lack complete follow-up. Local coding difficulties make initial retrieval of centrally held data unreliable. However starting with a complete list of interventions, reliable identification of patients who have experienced an adverse postoperative event may be possible using record linkages.

Methods—
A surgical database, augmented by a hand-search of all theater registries and personal logbooks, identified 378 carotid endarterectomies performed for stroke prevention in symptomatic patients, in a single hospital between 2002 and 2009. A list of the names, unique patient identifiers, and operation dates was sent to the Information Services Division of National Health Service Scotland. Data were requested pertaining to all deaths and potential diagnoses of stroke after surgery. Every identified case was scrutinized.

Results—
There were 30 (8%) readmissions or transfers of care identified within 30 days of surgery. From this, 12 strokes were identified with another 2 strokes, occurring without readmission, diagnosed in the outpatient clinic. Only 6 of the postoperative strokes were identified during the index admission. There were 2 early deaths resulting in a combined stroke and death rate of 4.2% (95% confidence intervals, 2.4%–6.9%).

Conclusions—
These outcome data are similar to the outcomes of the major carotid surgery trials. Record-linked data retrieval seems to be an appropriate starting point for outcome-based audit. This has the potential to generate robust, transparent data for comparison between individuals and centers for a specific procedure.
Non-Geographic Classes? Reformed Geography
Authors: van den Broeke Leon 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The Reformed Church in America is wrestling with an interesting question in ecclesiology and church order: is there a place within the church for so-called non-geographic classes. Non-geographic classes are classes which are not formed around a geographic regional principal, but by agreement in theological perspective or a peculiar way that a congregation is shaped. The question central to this article is then: is there a place in Reformed churches for non-geographical classes? In answering this question, the following will be considered: a similar proposal from the Gereformeerde Bond in the Netherlands Reformed Church in 1998; the geographic-regional principle; the Walloon Classis; the Classis of Holland; the Reformed Church in America; Flying, diocesan and titular bishops and finally a conclusion.
Reading Abdennour Bidar: New Pathways for European Islamic Thought
Authors: Hashas Mohammed 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This article introduces the work of the young French Muslim philosopher Abdennour Bidar (b. 1971). It argues that Bidar’s work may be the first attempt that innovatively outlines a theoretical framework for European Islamic thought that is neither Eurocentric nor Islamocentric in the classical senses of the terms. Through a theosophic approach,1 Bidar tries to put the two worldviews together in a genuine effort of a theologian-philosopher. I divide his project into three intellectual stages which correspond to his three basic concepts: Self-Islam, Islamic Existentialism, and Overcoming Religion.
A Global View on the Swell and Wind Sea Climate by the Jason-1 Mission: A Revisit
Authors: Jiang Haoyu , Chen Ge 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this study, a global climatology of swells and wind seas was investigated using near-10-yr collocated wind speed and significant wave height (SWH) measurements from the basic Geophysical Data Record (GDR) of the Jason-1 mission. A statistical method to estimate the wind sea and swell SWHs, respectively, on the basis of wave energy and wind sea/swell probability was proposed. The global distributions of swell/wind sea probability displayed the swell's dominance in the World Ocean. Their seasonal variation showed not only the regions called “swell pools” with high swell probability throughout the year at low latitudes, which have been found in previous studies, but also the regions with high swell probability only in hemispheric summer, termed “seasonal swell pools,” located at the midlatitudes of open oceans. The seasonal geographical patterns of the swell SWH were similar to those of the SWH due to the swell's dominance, and the patterns of the wind SWH were similar to those of the wind speed because of their well-coupled nature. The results could be used as a reference for related applications such as ocean engineering, seafaring, validation of wave models, and studies on climate change.
Accurate interpretation of the 12-lead ECG electrode placement: A systematic review
Authors: Khunti Kirti 
Published: April 2013

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) patients require monitoring through ECGs; the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is considered to be the non-invasive gold standard. Examples of incorrect treatment because of inaccurate or poor ECG monitoring techniques have been reported in the literature. The findings that only 50% of nurses and less than 20% of cardiologists correctly place leads V1 and V2 of a standard 12-lead ECG is of great concern. Objective: The review discusses the evidence base underpinning the use of 12-lead ECG electrode placement on patients with suspected heart disease and summarizes the results of 10 research papers. Methods: The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the British Nursing Index (BNI), Embase and Medline were searched, from 2000 up to May 2012 using the key words ‘electrocardiography’, ‘positioning’, ‘electrodes’, ‘electrocardiogram’, ‘lead placement’ and ’12-lead ECG’. The search was limited to studies in the English language. The quality of each study was rated against set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: All the studies found that the incorrect connection of the electrode cables can alter ECG patterns simulating or concealing abnormalities, such as myocardial infarction (MI). Adherence to correct anatomical precordial lead placement methodology continues to be limited, especially with respect to leads V1 and V2 at the fourth intercostal space (ICS), which can potentially yield recorded waveforms that mimic the ECG diagnosis of septal MI. Conclusions: False ECG diagnosis of MI resulting from improper lead placement has the potential to trigger the wasteful use of healthcare resources and even cause harm to patients.
Relationship between the migratory, metabolic and proliferative ability of fibrochondrocytes and the meniscal fragment size: an in vivo study
Authors: Dai Zhu , Li Kang-Hua , Chen Zhi-Wei , Hou Zi-Xin , Deng Yan 
Published: April 2013

Objective To investigate the migratory, metabolic and proliferative ability of rabbit fibrochondrocytes in meniscal fragments of different sizes under an in vivo subcutaneous environment. Methods Adult, male, New Zealand white rabbit menisci were harvested and the inner two-thirds of each were minced into different sizes: 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 mm (group A); 1.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 mm (group B); 2.0 × 2.0 × 2.0 mm (group C). Meniscal fragments were packed into a fascia sheath, then implanted subcutaneously. At weeks 1, 2 and 3 postimplantation, meniscal fragments were harvested; cell migration and viability were then evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and haematoxylin and eosin staining. Aggrecan was detected using Safranin O and Fast Green staining, and protein levels of types I and II collagen, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Protein levels of types I and II collagen and PCNA, and fibrochondrocyte migration, were highest in group A compared with groups B and C, but aggrecan staining remained the same across the groups. Conclusion There was an inverse relationship between the migratory, metabolic and proliferative abilities of rabbit fibrochondrocytes and meniscal fragment size.
Framing effects in medical situations: Distinctions of attribute, goal and risky choice frames
Authors: Peng Jiaxi , Jiang Yuan , Miao Danmin , Li Rui , Xiao Wei 
Published: April 2013

Objective To verify whether three different framing effects (risky choice, attribute and goal) exist in simulated medical situations and to analyse any differences. Methods Medical decision-making problems were established, relating to medical skill evaluation, patient compliance and a selection of treatment options. All problems were described in positive and negative frame conditions. Results Significantly more positive evaluations were made if the doctor’s medical records were described as ‘of 100 patients, 70 patients became better’ compared with those described as ‘of 100 patients, 30 patients didn’t become better’. Doctor’s advice described in a negative frame resulted in significantly more decisions to comply, compared with advice described in a positive frame. Treatment options described in terms of survival rates resulted in significantly more adventurous choices compared with options described in terms of mortality rates. Decision-making reversal appeared in the risky choice and attribute frames, but not the goal frame. Conclusions Framing effects were shown to exist in simulated medical situations, but there were significant differences among the three kinds of such effects.
Proteomic profiling of heterotopic heart-transplanted rats using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: Potential biomarkers and drug targets
Authors: Bao Yang , Xiu Dian-Rong , Zhang Li 
Published: April 2013

Objective Methotrexate and rapamycin demonstrate an additive effect in prolonging cardiac allograft survival in a major histocompatibility complex mismatched rat model. The present study aimed to identify functional proteins involved in the allograft-protective effects of these two agents and reveal potential diagnostic markers for treating rejection. Methods Serum samples from heterotopic heart-transplanted LEW(RT-11) rats (either without immunosuppressive treatment or treated with methotrexate alone, rapamycin alone, or methotrexate and rapamycin combined) were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Protein profiles obtained using a weak cation exchange ProteinChip® CM-10 array were then analysed using ProteinChip® Software. Results Of 28 rejection-related proteins identified, isoelectric point and mass information from two potential candidate proteins matched information from the UniProtKB/Swiss-prot database, suggesting them to be complement component C3f fragment and complement component 4A (C4A, anaphylatoxin). Conclusions Proteomic analysis revealed 28 proteins as potential diagnostic markers of tissue rejection. Of these, 11 proteins may represent targets relating to the additive effects of methotrexate and rapamycin. Two protein peaks, with mass-to-charge ratios of 1950 Da and 8577 Da, may have potential for use in post-transplant diagnosis of rejection.
Chronic tension-type headache is associated with impaired motor learning
Authors: Vallence Ann-Maree , Smith Ashleigh , Tabor Abby , Rolan Paul E , Ridding Michael C 
Published: April 2013

Background Supraspinal activity-dependent neuroplasticity may be important in the transition from acute to chronic pain. We examined neuroplasticity in a cortical region not considered to be a primary component of the central pain matrix in chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) patients. We hypothesised that neuroplasticity would be exaggerated in CTTH patients compared to healthy controls, which might explain (in part) the development of chronic pain in these individuals. Methods Neuroplasticity was examined following a ballistic motor training task in CTTH patients and control subjects (CS). Changes in peak acceleration (motor learning) and motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation were compared. Results CTTH patients showed significantly less motor learning on the training task than CS (mean acceleration increase 87% CTTH, 204% CS, p < .05), and CS but not CTTH patients showed a significant increased MEP amplitude following training (CS: F = 2.9, p < .05; CTTH: F = 1.6, p > .05). Conclusions These findings suggest a deficit in use-dependent neuroplasticity within networks responsible for task performance in CTTH patients which might reflect reciprocal influences between primary motor cortex and interconnected pain processing networks. These findings may help explain the positive effects of facilitatory non-invasive brain stimulation targeting motor areas on chronic pain and help elucidate the mechanisms mediating chronic pain.
Pulsed laser deposition and in vitro characteristics of triphasic – HASi composition on titanium
Authors: Palangadan Rajesh , Sukumaran Anil , Fernandez Francis B , John Annie , Varma Harikrishna 
Published: April 2013

Pulsed laser deposition was used to deposit bioactive triphasic glass-ceramic composition (HASi) over titanium substrate using dense HASi target. Bioactive glass compositions are considered the most useful synthetic materials for immediate bone attachment because of its bioresorption, osteoconduction and osteointegration characteristics under in vivo conditions. The disadvantage of its brittleness associated with bioactive glass-ceramics has prompted its coating over metallic implants for the combination of duo mechanical and bioactive properties. The hard HASi target was able to undergo laser ablation under ambient gas pressure without bulk erosion of the target. Laser deposition was found to be efficient in depositing triphasic composition for immediate bone integration. The target and deposits were analyzed for the phase, composition and microstructural characteristics by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Simultaneously, the adherent nature and mechanical behaviour of deposits were confirmed by scratch test and micro-indentation methods. Further, the in vitro dissolution and bioactivity were assessed by soaking in simulated body fluid followed by elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. The deposits were found to be cell-friendly, which was indicated by the phenomenology of stem cells under in vitro conditions.
“I Have Faith in My Milk”
Authors: Rossman Beverly , Kratovil Amanda L. , Greene Michelle M. , Engstrom Janet L. , Meier Paula P. 
Published: April 2013

Background: Mothers who deliver a premature infant often choose to provide milk because it is the “one thing that only the mother can do” to optimize her infant’s outcome, helps mothers feel a connection with their infants, and helps relieve the guilt associated with the preterm birth. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the meaning of milk for mothers who are providing milk for their very low birth weight (VLBW; < 1500 g) infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: Using a qualitative descriptive design, in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 mothers of VLBW infants hospitalized in a level III NICU. Mothers were asked to share their perceptions about what providing milk meant to them. Results: Mothers had faith in the healing properties of their milk and equated providing milk with “giving life” to their infants, mitigating the effects of complications, keeping their infants healthy and stable, and helping themselves address the feelings of failure and guilt associated with the premature birth. Mothers’ faith in their milk to achieve these outcomes was a maternal motivator to continue pumping, even for mothers who had not intended to provide milk or who experienced the paradox of disliking pumping but wanting to provide their milk. Conclusion: The experiences of these mothers reflect the importance of acknowledging mothers’ faith in the healing properties of their milk as a motivating factor for sustaining lactation while coping with the stress and anxiety inherent during the infant’s NICU hospitalization.
A stochastic automaton approach to discriminate intermittent from permanent faults
Authors: Guanqian Deng , Jing Qiu , Guanjun Liu , Kehong LV 
Published: April 2013

The conventional model-based diagnosis usually potentially presumes faults are persistent and does not take intermittent faults into account, which is the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplicate and no fault found in aircraft avionics and present a tremendous challenge to prognostics and health management. Aiming at the problem that the logical automaton proposed by Sampath et al. cannot distinguish between strings or states that are highly probable and those that are less probable, a stochastic automaton approach is given to distinguish the fault types by extending the fault model to include both permanent faults and intermittent faults. The notions of A- and AA-diagnosability of permanent faults and intermittent faults for stochastic automaton are defined. Thereafter, the diagnoser with a probability matrix appended to each transition that can be used to update the probability distribution on the state estimate is constructed. Finally, an example of aeronautic gyroscope is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show that this approach is able to discriminate the fault types within bounded delay if the system is A- and AA-diagnosable. In our previous paper, we have extended the logical automaton model, and investigated the stochastic automaton approach in this article.
Maximizing Safety in Screw Placement for Posterior Facet Fixation in Calcaneus Fractures
Authors: Phisitkul Phinit , Sullivan Jaron P. , Goetz Jessica E. , Marsh John L. 
Published: April 2013

Background: Successful screw fixation of reduced posterior facet fragments to the unexposed, nondisplaced sustentaculum tali avoids breaching the subtalar joint or disrupting surrounding soft tissue structures. Safe passage for screw fixation through this narrow bony corridor has not been rigorously defined. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 8 cadaveric feet were digitally reconstructed in 3-D; 3.5-mm-diameter screws were simulated, aiming at the center of the sustentaculum tali from 5 locations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) along the posterolateral facet joint. The range of entry points, screw paths trajectories, and screw lengths that did not breach the subtalar joint or the medial calcaneal cortex were evaluated. Results: To prevent violation of the subtalar joint or the medial calcaneal cortex while reaching the center of the sustentaculum tali, screws must be inserted at least 5 mm below the joint line. Screw placement 15 ± 1 mm below the posterior facet measured perpendicular to the joint line provided the widest safe corridor with the trajectory of the ranges from 6 to 36 degrees parallel to the joint depending on the location along the posterior facet and 20 ± 2 degrees perpendicular to the joint at all locations. The average maximal length of screws placed at the ideal entry points ranged from 44 to 46 mm, longest at the 100% location and shortest at the 25% location. Conclusions: Operative guidelines facilitating instrumentation into the sustentaculum tali have been defined applying to most calcanei, assuming the fractures are well reduced: screws, approximately 40 mm in length, should be started 15 mm below the posterior facet measured perpendicular to the joint line and aimed 20 degrees perpendicular to the joint line toward the joint and 6 to 36 degrees anteversion parallel to the joint line increasing at each position from anterior to posterior. Clinical Relevance: The operative guidelines described in this study may assist surgeons in the placement of screws for the fixation of posterior facet fragments to the sustentaculum tali.
Cats with Cancer
Authors: Blackwood Laura 
Published: April 2013

Practical relevance: Many cats develop cancer and may or may not present with an obvious mass lesion. As our feline patients are living longer and their owners are increasingly seeking veterinary care, the apparent incidence and prevalence of cancer is increasing. Clinical challenges: Neoplasia is a differential for many clinical presentations in cats. Often tumours are relatively advanced at the point of presentation, and this can make management difficult. In addition, many cats find clinic visits stressful and this can influence owners’ decisions about treatment. Audience: This review provides an overview of the approach to the feline cancer patient, and is aimed at all veterinary practitioners that see cats. It is intended as a starting point for more detailed discussions in accompanying articles in this special issue on feline oncology. Evidence base: There is limited data on most feline tumours compared with tumours in canine or human patients, so a robust evidence base is often lacking.
Mammary Tumours in the Cat
Authors: Morris Joanna 
Published: April 2013

Practical relevance: Mammary tumours are among the most common neoplasms in both cats and dogs, but the prevalence of malignant histological types is far higher in cats (ratio of malignant:benign is at least 4:1). Clinical challenges: The more aggressive nature of mammary neoplasia in cats poses challenges for management. Prognosis is affected by tumour size and, therefore, early recognition and treatment of mammary tumours is paramount. Although the primary tumour can be excised surgically, no studies have shown that chemotherapy significantly extends survival time; hence, metastatic spread remains an important clinical problem. Patient group: Mammary tumours usually affect older female cats, mainly entire females. Siamese and Oriental breeds may be predisposed. Male cats can develop mammary neoplasia, but this is rare. Evidence base: This review summarises the current literature relating to aetiology, pathology, presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and prognosis of feline mammary tumours.
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Cat
Authors: Murphy Suzanne 
Published: April 2013

Practical relevance: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a tumour that commonly involves the skin or oral cavity and is, therefore, an important differential diagnosis for any cutaneous lesion(s), especially any non-healing scabbing lesions on the eyelids, nasal planum or ears of light-coloured cats. Clinical challenges: Superficial lesions of the nasal planum, discrete small eyelid lesions and lesions on the tips of pinnae are relatively easily treated, but higher stage lesions are more challenging to manage and may compromise the cosmetic appearance of the cat. Audience: This review article is aimed at all veterinary practitioners that see cats. Evidence base: The review summarises the peer-reviewed literature relating to our understanding of feline cutaneous SCC. Unfortunately, the literature is limited and in need of updating in areas.