bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-reported quality care for knee osteoarthritis: comparisons across Denmark, Norway, Portugal and the UK
Authors: Østerås N , Jordan K P , Clausen B , Cordeiro C , Dziedzic K , Edwards J , Grønhaug G , Higginbottom A , Lund H , Pacheco G , Pais S , Hagen K B 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo assess and compare patient perceived quality of osteoarthritis (OA) management in primary healthcare in Denmark, Norway, Portugal and the UK.MethodsParticipants consulting with clinical signs and symptoms of knee OA were identified in 30 general practices and invited to complete a cross-sectional survey including quality indicators (QI) for OA care. A QI was considered as eligible if the participant had checked ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, and as achieved if the participant had checked ‘Yes’ to the indicator. The median percentage (with IQR and range) of eligible QIs achieved by country was determined and compared in negative binominal regression analysis. Achievement of individual QIs by country was determined and compared using logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 354 participants self-reported QI achievement. The median percentage of eligible QIs achieved (checked ‘Yes’) was 48% (IQR 28%, 64%; range 0–100%) for the total sample with relatively similar medians across three of four countries. Achievement rates on individual QIs showed a large variation ranging from 11% (referral to services for losing weight) to 67% (information about the importance of exercise) with significant differences in achievement rates between the countries.ConclusionsThe results indicated a potential for improvement in OA care in all four countries, but for somewhat different aspects of OA care. By exploring these differences and comparing healthcare services, ideas may be generated on how the quality might be improved across nations. Larger studies are needed to confirm and further explore the findings.
Phonon residual resistance of pure crystals
Authors: Agafonov A. I. 
Published: October 2015

In this paper, using the Boltzmann transport equation, we study the zero temperature resistance of perfect metallic crystals of a finite thickness d along which a weak constant electric field E is applied. This resistance, hereinafter referred to as the phonon residual resistance, is caused by the inelastic scattering of electrons heated by the electric field, with emission of long-wave acoustic phonons and is proportional to [Formula: see text]. Consideration is carried out for Cu, Ag and Au perfect crystals with the thickness of about 1 cm, in the fields of the order of 1 mV/cm. Following the Matthiessen rule, the resistance of the pure crystals, the thicknesses of which are much larger than the electron mean free path is represented as the sum of both the impurity and phonon residual resistances. The condition on the thickness and field is found at which the low-temperature resistance of pure crystals does not depend on their purity and is determined by the phonon residual resistivity of the ideal crystals. The calculations are performed for Cu with a purity of at least 99.9999%.
Arthur Smith Woodward and his involvement in the study of human evolution
Authors: Dean Christopher , De Groote Isabelle , Stringer Chris 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In 1884, Arthur Smith Woodward first met Charles Dawson, a solicitor and industrious amateur collector, antiquarian, geologist, archaeologist and palaeontologist. This began a long association and friendship centred on their mutual interest in palaeontology and human evolution. Dawson devised a complicated plot focused around the ancient river gravel deposits at Barkham Manor near the village of Piltdown, Sussex. In these gravels he planted stone tools and fossil mammal remains together with the lower jaw of an ape and numerous modern human cranial bones to deceive the scientific establishment into believing an early human ancestor had been found in his own back yard. Cleverly devised to provide anatomists and archaeologists with evidence for concepts that they wanted to believe were true, Dawson fuelled numerous contentious debates among scientists that quickly attracted international attention. Nothing could be more unfortunate than such a respectable scientist as Arthur Smith Woodward being taken in by the events of 1912, and then subsequently swept along by them well into his retirement right up to the time of his death in 1944.
Cancer Immunotherapy with Immunomodulatory Anti-CD137 and Anti–PD-1 Monoclonal Antibodies Requires BATF3-Dependent Dendritic Cells
Authors: Sánchez-Paulete Alfonso R. , Cueto Francisco J. , Martínez-López María , Labiano Sara , Morales-Kastresana Aizea , Rodríguez-Ruiz María E. , Jure-Kunkel Maria , Azpilikueta Arantza , Aznar M. Angela , Quetglas José I. , Sancho David , Melero Ignacio 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Weak and ineffective antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses can be rescued by immunomodulatory mAbs targeting PD-1 or CD137. Using Batf3−/− mice, which are defective for cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens, we show that BATF3-dependent dendritic cells (DC) are essential for the response to therapy with anti-CD137 or anti–PD-1 mAbs. Batf3−/− mice failed to prime an endogenous CTL-mediated immune response toward tumor-associated antigens, including neoantigens. As a result, the immunomodulatory mAbs could not amplify any therapeutically functional immune response in these mice. Moreover, administration of systemic sFLT3L and local poly-ICLC enhanced DC-mediated cross-priming and synergized with anti–CD137- and anti–PD-1–mediated immunostimulation in tumor therapy against B16-ovalbumin–derived melanomas, whereas this function was lost in Batf3−/− mice. These experiments show that cross-priming of tumor antigens by FLT3L- and BATF3-dependent DCs is crucial to the efficacy of immunostimulatory mAbs and represents a very attractive point of intervention to enhance their clinical antitumor effects.
Significance: Immunotherapy with immunostimulatory mAbs is currently achieving durable clinical responses in different types of cancer. We show that cross-priming of tumor antigens by BATF3-dependent DCs is a key limiting factor that can be exploited to enhance the antitumor efficacy of anti–PD-1 and anti-CD137 immunostimulatory mAbs. Cancer Discov; 6(1); 71–9. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Robert-Tissot and Speiser, p. 17.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ ТЕСТОВИХ ЗАВДАНЬ ЗАКРИТОГО ТИПУ НА БАЗІ МОДЕЛІ ОНТОЛОГІЇ НА ОСНОВІ КОГНІТИВНИХ ПРОТОТИПІВ
Authors: Ryzhov O. A. , Popov A. M. 
Published: October 2015

The paper is devoted to resolving a topical issue of automatized tests production in poor-formalized knowledge domains. An approach was proposed to carry out an automatized generation of multiple-choice tests on the basis of an ontological model of a domain based on prototypes of human cognitive structures. The universal ontological three-level model was developed with the core element called "cognitive prototype" as a data structure for knowledge representation in form of such known cognitive structures as concept, frame, scheme, scenario, etc. The formal description of test patterns was devised based on cognitive prototypes as the first step towards their typification, developing of algorithms of their automatized generation and programming of subsystem of intelligent educational systems. Prospects of such approach have been analyzed for designing unified techniques of tests production with reduction of laboriousness of the test preparation process.
ОГЛЯД ОКРЕМИХ МАТЕМАТИЧНИХ МЕТОДІВ ТА АЛГОРИТМІВ ОПРАЦЮВАННЯ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗОБРАЖЕНЬ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ВОЛЬФРАМ МАТЕМАТИКА (MEDICAL IMAGE PROCESSING)
Authors: Prokopchenko O. Ye. 
Published: October 2015

<p>The article analyzes the basic methods and algorithms of mathematical processing of medical images as objects of computer mathematics. The presented methods and computer algorithms of mathematics relevant and may find application in the field of medical imaging - automated processing of images; as a tool for measurement and determination the optical parameters; identification and formation of medical images database.</p><p>Methods and computer algorithms presented in the article and based on Wolfram Mathematica are also relevant to the problem of modern medical education. As an example of Wolfram Mathematics may be considered appropriate demonstration, such as recognition of special radiographs and morphological imaging. These methods are used to improve </p><p>the diagnostic significance and value of medical (clinical) research and can serve as an educational interactive demonstration.</p><p>Implementation submitted individual methods and algorithms of computer Wolfram Mathematics contributes, in general, the optimization process of practical processing and presentation of medical images.</p>
Beneficial Effects of Implementing Stroke Protocols Require Establishment of a Geographically Distinct Unit
Authors: Akhtar Naveed , Kamran Saadat , Singh Rajvir , Cameron Peter , D’Souza Atlantic , Imam Yahya , Bourke Paula , Joseph Sujatha , Khan Rabia , Santos Mark , Deleu Dirk , El-Zouki Abdel , Abou-Samra Abdul , Butt Adeel A. , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: October 2015

Background and Purpose—
Usefulness of multidisciplinary stroke units in acute stroke patients is well established. There is extensive western literature on usefulness of stroke units in outcome, but limited evidence from the rest of the world. We aim to evaluate the impact of establishing a stroke unit on outcome in patients presenting to a tertiary care facility.

Methods—
This is a retrospective study of 1003 patients with acute stroke admitted to Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, between January 2014 and February 2015. Patients directly admitted to intensive care unit (132) were excluded. We compared outcomes of pre- and poststroke ward (SW) establishment and in SW patients versus those of general medical wards.

Results—

Before the establishment of the SW, 175 patients were admitted to the hospital. From April 2014 to February 2015, 696 patients were admitted (SW, 545; medical ward, 151). There was a significant reduction in length of stay from 14.7±27.7 to 6.2±20.2 days (
P
=0.0001) and incidence of complications (23.6% versus 6.4%,
P
=0.0001) after implementation of stroke-specific protocols. Prognosis at discharge (modified Rankin Scale 0–2 in 56.0% versus 70.4%,
P
=0.001) and at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0–2 in 70.6% versus 95.0%,
P
=0.001) also significantly improved. Compared with medical ward patients, outcome was significantly better in SW patients with fewer complications (10.9% versus 5.0%,
P
=0.013) and shorter length of stay (8.9±30.7 versus 5.4±16.1 days,
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—
Establishing a distinct SW is essential for achieving full benefits of stroke protocols implementation. SW patients have significantly fewer complications and better prognosis when compared with patients in medical wards.
Is Anyone Listening? The Impact of Children’s Participation on Public Policy
Authors: Crowley Anne 
Published: October 2015

Children’s participation has attracted a great deal of attention from academics, policy-makers and practitioners over the past 25 years. This article presents findings from research into the impacts on policy-making from such participation by children in Wales, within the United Kingdom, and Tamil Nadu, in India. The paper considers how the dominant objectives for children’s participation in the uk context can be seen to be helping to ensure that new structures set up to facilitate children’s participation such as youth forums and school councils, have been much more about providing opportunities for children to practice “good” citizenship than about children’s voices being heard and acted upon. This approach is compared with a more “bottom-up” initiative designed to enable children to participate in public decision-making in rural villages in south India. In Tamil Nadu’s Neighbourhood Children’s Parliaments, children aged 6–17 have successfully brought about what they consider to be significant improvements in their living environment. The reasons for these differences are explored and consideration given to some of the factors that work as enablers and inhibitors in children’s voices not only being heard by policy makers and service providers but also being taken into account and given due weight. The paper continues with a discussion on these findings, exploring the extent to which children’s participation may be seen as a means of empowerment or social control and makes some tentative comparisons between experiences in India and Wales before concluding with some thoughts on policy and practice implications.
The term children is used throughout the paper to refer to people under the age of 18 years.
On the Equilibrium-State Roll Vortices and Their Effects in the Hurricane Boundary Layer
Authors: Gao Kun , Ginis Isaac 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this study, the authors numerically simulate roll vortices (rolls) generated by the inflection-point instability in the hurricane boundary layer (HBL). The approach is based on embedding a two-dimensional high-resolution single-grid roll-resolving model (SRM) at selected horizontal grid points of an axisymmetric HBL model. The results from a set of idealized experiments indicate that the mixed-layer height is an important factor affecting the magnitude of the roll velocities and the structure of the internal waves triggered in the stably stratified layer above. This study reveals the important difference between the roll-induced cross-roll (nearly radial) and along-roll (nearly azimuthal) momentum fluxes: while the cross-roll momentum flux is well correlated to the cross-roll mean wind shear, the along-roll momentum flux is typically not correlated with the along-roll mean wind shear. Therefore, the commonly used K theory in the boundary layer parameterizations cannot reasonably capture the vertical distribution of the roll-induced along-roll momentum flux. Moreover, the authors find that the rolls induce more significant changes in the mean radial wind profile than in the mean azimuthal wind profile. Specifically, rolls reduce the inflow near surface, enhance the inflow at upper levels, and increase the inflow-layer height. Based on a linear dynamical HBL model, the authors find that the impact of rolls on the mean radial wind profile is essentially due to their redistribution effect on the mean azimuthal momentum in the HBL.
The Pacific Meridional Mode and the Occurrence of Tropical Cyclones in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Zhang W. , Vecchi G. A. , Murakami H. , Villarini G. , Jia L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study investigates the association between the Pacific meridional mode (PMM) and tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP). It is found that the positive PMM phase favors the occurrence of TCs in the WNP while the negative PMM phase inhibits the occurrence of TCs there. Observed relationships are consistent with those from a long-term preindustrial control experiment (1000 yr) of a high-resolution TC-resolving Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution (FLOR) coupled climate model. The diagnostic relationship between the PMM and TCs in observations and the model is further supported by sensitivity experiments with FLOR. The modulation of TC genesis by the PMM is primarily through the anomalous zonal vertical wind shear (ZVWS) changes in the WNP, especially in the southeastern WNP. The anomalous ZVWS can be attributed to the responses of the atmosphere to the anomalous warming in the northwestern part of the PMM pattern during the positive PMM phase, which resembles a classic Matsuno–Gill pattern. Such influences on TC genesis are strengthened by a cyclonic flow over the WNP. The significant relationship between TCs and the PMM identified here may provide a useful reference for seasonal forecasting of TCs and interpreting changes in TC activity in the WNP.
Correlations between Interannual SST Oscillations and Modeled Swell Impacts on Turbulent Mixing*
Authors: Fan Yalin , Rogers W. Erick , Jensen Tommy G. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The possibility of teleconnections between Southern Ocean swells and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on interannual time scales in the eastern Pacific Niño-3 region and southeastern Indian Ocean is investigated using numerical wave models. Two alternative parameterizations for swell dissipation are used. It is found that swell dissipation in the models is not directly correlated with large interannual variations such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). However, using one of the two swell dissipation parameterizations, a correlation is found between observed SST anomalies and the modification of turbulent kinetic energy flux (TKEF) by Southern Ocean swells due to the damping of short wind waves: modeled reduction of TKEF is opposite in phase to the SST anomalies in the Niño-3 region, indicating a potential positive feedback. The modeled bimonthly averaged TKEF reduction in the southeastern Indian Ocean is also well correlated with the IOD mode.
Decreased Knee Joint Loading Associated With Early Knee Osteoarthritis After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Wellsandt Elizabeth , Gardinier Emily S. , Manal Kurt , Axe Michael J. , Buchanan Thomas S. , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: October 2015

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury predisposes individuals to early-onset knee joint osteoarthritis (OA). Abnormal joint loading is apparent after ACL injury and reconstruction. The relationship between altered joint biomechanics and the development of knee OA is unknown. Hypothesis: Altered knee joint kinetics and medial compartment contact forces initially after injury and reconstruction are associated with radiographic knee OA 5 years after reconstruction. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Individuals with acute, unilateral ACL injury completed gait analysis before (baseline) and after (posttraining) preoperative rehabilitation and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after reconstruction. Surface electromyographic and knee biomechanical data served as inputs to an electromyographically driven musculoskeletal model to estimate knee joint contact forces. Patients completed radiographic testing 5 years after reconstruction. Differences in knee joint kinetics and contact forces were compared between patients with and those without radiographic knee OA. Results: Patients with OA walked with greater frontal plane interlimb differences than those without OA (nonOA) at baseline (peak knee adduction moment difference: 0.00 ± 0.08 N·m/kg·m [nonOA] vs −0.15 ± 0.09 N·m/kg·m [OA], P = .014; peak knee adduction moment impulse difference: −0.001 ± 0.032 N·m·s/kg·m [nonOA] vs −0.048 ± 0.031 N·m·s/kg·m [OA], P = .042). The involved limb knee adduction moment impulse of the group with osteoarthritis was also lower than that of the group without osteoarthritis at baseline (0.087 ± 0.023 N·m·s/kg·m [nonOA] vs 0.049 ± 0.018 N·m·s/kg·m [OA], P = .023). Significant group differences were absent at posttraining but reemerged 6 months after reconstruction (peak knee adduction moment difference: 0.02 ± 0.04 N·m/kg·m [nonOA] vs −0.06 ± 0.11 N·m/kg·m [OA], P = .043). In addition, the OA group walked with lower peak medial compartment contact forces of the involved limb than did the group without OA at 6 months (2.89 ± 0.52 body weight [nonOA] vs 2.10 ± 0.69 body weight [OA], P = .036). Conclusion: Patients who had radiographic knee OA 5 years after ACL reconstruction walked with lower knee adduction moments and medial compartment joint contact forces than did those patients without OA early after injury and reconstruction.
In My Best Interest
Authors: Mayer Patricia A. , Esplin Bryn , Burant Christopher J. , Wilson Brigid M. , Krall MaryAnn Lamont , Daly Barbara J. , Gatliff Jason 
Published: October 2015

Background: Advance directives (ADs) have traditionally been viewed as clear instructions for implementing patient wishes at times of compromised decision-making capacity (DMC). However, whether individuals prefer ADs to be strictly followed or to serve as general guidelines has not been studied. The Veterans Administration’s Advance Directive Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care and Living Will (VA AD) provides patients the opportunity to indicate specific treatment preferences and to indicate how strictly the directive is to be followed. Objective: To describe preferences for life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) in various illness conditions as well as instructions for the use of VA ADs. Design/Setting: A descriptive study was performed collecting data from all ADs entered into the medical record at 1 VA Medical Center between January and June 2014. Measurements: Responses to VA AD with emphasis on health care agents (HCAs) and LW responses. Results: Veterans were more likely to reject LST when death was imminent (74.6%), when in a coma (71.1%), if they had brain damage (70.6%), or were ventilator dependent (70.4%). A majority (67.4%) of veterans preferred the document to be followed generally rather than strictly. Veterans were more likely to want VA ADs to serve as a general guide when a spouse was named HCA. Conclusion: Most of the sampled veterans rejected LST except under conditions of permanent disability. A majority intend VA ADs to serve as general guidelines rather than strict, binding instructions. These findings have significant implications for surrogate decision making and the use of ADs more generally.
Advance Directives and Care Received by Older Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Manu Erika R. , Mody Lona , McNamara Sara E. , Vitale Caroline A. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Research shows variable success as to whether care provided aligns with individual patient preferences as reflected in their advance directives (AD). Objective: We aimed to study AD status and subsequent care received in older nursing home (NH) residents deemed at risk for infections and care transitions: those with a urinary catheter (UC), feeding tube (FT), or both. Design/participants/measurements: A subgroup analysis of a prospective cohort of 90 residents with a UC and/or FT from 15 NHs in southeast Michigan. Outcomes assessed at enrollment and at 30-day intervals were hospitalizations and antibiotic use. The ADs were divided as follows: (1) comfort oriented: comfort measures only, no hospital transfer; (2) palliative oriented: comfort focused, allowing hospital transfer (except intensive care unit), antibiotic use, but no cardiopulmonary resuscitation; (3) usual care: full code, no limitations to care. We calculated incidences for these outcomes. Results: Seventy-eight (87%) residents had ADs: 18 (23%) comfort oriented, 32 (41%) palliative oriented, and 28 (36%) usual care. The groups did not differ regarding demographics, comorbidity, function, device presence, or time in study. Using the usual care group as comparison, the comfort-oriented group was hospitalized at a similar rate (Incidence rate [IR] = 15.6/1000 follow-up days vs IR = 8.8/1000 follow-up days, Incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.6 [95% confidence interval, CI, 0.3 -1.1], P value .09) but received fewer antibiotics (IR = 18.9/1000 follow-up days vs IR = 7.5/1000 follow-up days, IRR 0.4 [95% CI, 0.2-0.8], P value .005). Conclusion: Nursing home residents with comfort-oriented ADs were hospitalized at a rate similar to those with usual-care ADs but received fewer antibiotics, although the small sample size of this analysis suggests these findings deserve further study.