bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive review of long‐distance hover fly migration (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Authors: Reynolds Samm K. , Clem C. Scott , Fitz‐Gerald Blair , Young Andrew D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are a group of insects containing many migratory species that provide critical ecosystem services including pollination, decomposition and biological control. Their migratory behaviour remains largely overlooked and unacknowledged, but an influx of contemporary research is beginning to shift this.
The goal of this review is to summarise and synthesise the past 150+ years of global hover fly migration research from over 50 papers in multiple languages. Here, we provide comprehensive evidence for hover fly migration through the lens of the methodologies used for studying these phenomena, the biological mechanisms for migration and the associated ecological and economic impacts. We also include an inventory of all recognised migratory species and discuss taxonomic patterns.
In total, we compiled accounts of 46 species that are considered migratory, most of which were sourced from Europe. Recent reports, however, have also described hover fly migration in North America, Asia, the Middle East and Australia. Approximately 70% of these species are from the subfamily Syrphinae, which are important biological control agents.
The migratory behaviour of hover flies has substantial impacts on ecosystem services and may be linked to long‐distance gene flow for many angiosperms via pollen transportation. These insects are also likely redistributing biological control services at a continental scale on an annual basis, which has major repercussions for the management of crop pests such as aphids. The sensitivity of hover fly migration to anthropogenic impacts is not well known, but shifting climatic conditions, pollution and increased habitat fragmentation are likely impactful and should be further explored.
Despite recent advances and increased interest in the subject, hover fly migration remains understudied and many major knowledge gaps continue to persist.
The P3 event‐related potential increases when humans learn a strategy for motor adaptation
Authors: Korka Betina , Stenner Max‐Philipp 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman motor learning involves cognitive strategies in addition to implicit adaptation. Differences in systems‐level neurophysiology between strategy‐based and implicit learning remain poorly understood. We asked how the P3 event‐related potential, an electroencephalography signal known to increase during early motor learning, relates to strategy‐based learning and implicit adaptation. We re‐analysed data from two experiments, in which participants (n = 64) reached towards a visual target, with online visual feedback replacing vision of their moving hand. We induced learning by rotating the visual feedback. In the first experiment, feedback rotations were turned on during pairs of two consecutive trials, interspersed between non‐rotated trials. In one condition, feedback was rotated relative to the actual movement, allowing participants to develop a re‐aiming strategy on the second trial of each pair, while it was rotated relative to the target in the other condition, rendering re‐aiming futile. P3 amplitude increased in the first rotated trial in both conditions, but this increase was more pronounced in the re‐aiming condition. In the second experiment, a constant visuomotor rotation was turned on for many consecutive trials. We instructed one group beforehand how to re‐aim successfully, while the other group had to develop a strategy by themselves. P3 amplitude increased during early adaptation only in the latter group. These findings collectively suggest that in the context of motor learning, the P3 ERP is associated with a need to develop, or adjust, a cognitive strategy.
Enhanced functional brain network integration in mild cognitive impairment during cognitive task performance: A compensatory mechanism or a result of neural disinhibition?
Authors: Požar Rok , Martin Tim , Giordani Bruno , Kavcic Voyko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough previous studies have observed increased global network integration during tasks in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the association between this integration and actual task performance has remained unexplored. Understanding this link is crucial for uncovering the underlying mechanism behind these changes in network integration and their potential role in MCI. Here, to find such a link, we investigated brain network integration derived from electroencephalography recordings during a visual motion discrimination task in older adults with MCI and those with normal cognition. We focused on a critical period just before stimulus presentation, which is known to be important for task performance. Our results revealed that during this period, MCI patients exhibited increased network integration compared to controls. Interestingly, increased integration was associated with worse task performance in the MCI group, suggesting it was not beneficial. No such association was found in the control group. Notably, this difference existed despite similar overall task performance between the groups. This suboptimal integration pattern during the cognitive task might reflect network de‐differentiation due to disinhibition in MCI patients. Collectively, our study highlights the potential of analysing network integration during tasks to identify cognitive impairment and suggest a distinct role for network integration in MCI patients compared with healthy controls.
Ten years of urea fertilization alter the pqqC‐harbouring community and increase soil inorganic phosphorus mobilization
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Hui , Xu Cong , Zhong Yuehua , Xu Xianju , Yuan Jie , Wang Jidong , Zhang Yongchun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe bacterial communities that harbour the pyrroloquinoline quinone gene (pqqC‐harbouring bacteria communities) play a pivotal role in the mobilization of inorganic phosphorus (Pi). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the connection between soil pqqC‐harbouring bacterial communities and Pi fractions, as well as the factors that can regulate them, particularly under different fertilization strategies in the agricultural soil. High‐throughput sequencing was used to investigate the pqqC‐harbouring communities from the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) season in a 9‐year field experiment, including without fertilization (control), nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization (NK), NPK fertilization (NPK) and the combined application of chemical NPK and organic fertilizer (NPKM), and to explore their relationships with Pi fractions and their regulatory factors. Long‐term N fertilization and crop type substantially changed the community composition of pqqC‐harbouring bacteria but had no effect on their diversity. In two crop seasons, long‐term N fertilization significantly increased the content and proportion of moderately labile Pi (aluminium‐ and iron‐bound P) and available P (AP) and significantly decreased the proportion of recalcitrant Pi (calcium‐bound P) compared with the control. Specifically, AP increased by 79%–778%, Fe‐P by 64%–88%, and Al‐P by 71%–308%, while Ca‐P decreased by 10%–59%. N fertilization increased the relative abundance of Micromonospora, which was significantly positively correlated with moderately labile Pi and AP. Moreover, the relative abundance of some Streptomyces increased by 391% in the sweet potato season, and they were positively correlated with AP. Structural equation modelling revealed that the interplay between the pqqC‐harbouring community composition and Pi mobilization was mainly governed by pH, underscoring the role of pH in shaping the communities of Pi‐mobilizing microbes and their effect on Pi mobilization processes. This study emphasized how N fertilization and crops reshape Pi‐mobilizing microbial communities, which in turn affects Pi mobilization and P availability. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into optimizing P cycles and availability through N fertilization strategies.
Oscillatory and nonoscillatory sleep electroencephalographic biomarkers of the epileptic network
Authors: Latreille Véronique , Corbin‐Lapointe Justin , Peter‐Derex Laure , Thomas John , Lina Jean‐Marc , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn addition to the oscillatory brain activity, the nonoscillatory (scale‐free) components of the background electroencephalogram (EEG) may provide further information about the complexity of the underlying neuronal network. As epilepsy is considered a network disease, such scale‐free metrics might help to delineate the epileptic network. Here, we performed an analysis of the sleep oscillatory (spindle, slow wave, and rhythmic spectral power) and nonoscillatory (H exponent) intracranial EEG using multiple interictal features to estimate whether and how they deviate from normalcy in 38 adults with drug‐resistant epilepsy.MethodsTo quantify intracranial EEG abnormalities within and outside the seizure onset areas, patients' values were adjusted based on normative maps derived from the open‐access Montreal Neurological Institute open iEEG Atlas. In a subset of 29 patients who underwent resective surgery, we estimated the predictive value of these features to identify the epileptogenic zone in those with a good postsurgical outcome.ResultsWe found that distinct sleep oscillatory and nonoscillatory metrics behave differently across the epileptic network, with the strongest differences observed for (1) a reduction in spindle activity (spindle rates and rhythmic sigma power in the 10–16 Hz band), (2) a higher rhythmic gamma power (30–80 Hz), and (3) a higher H exponent (steeper 1/f slope). As expected, epileptic spikes were also highest in the seizure onset areas. Furthermore, in surgical patients, the H exponent achieved the highest performance (balanced accuracy of .76) for classifying resected versus nonresected channels in good outcome patients.SignificanceThis work suggests that nonoscillatory components of the intracranial EEG signal could serve as promising interictal sleep candidates of epileptogenicity in patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy. Our findings further advance the understanding of epilepsy as a disease, whereby absence or loss of sleep physiology may provide information complementary to pathological epileptic processes.
Rule of law backsliding within the EU: The case of informal readmissions of third‐country nationals at internal borders
Authors: Pistoia Emanuela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe essay deals with the enhancement of the legal framework for informal readmissions at internal borders enshrined in the former Schengen Border Code (now Union Code on the rules governing the movement of persons across borders), which in turn requires enhancement of bilateral police cooperation. It focuses on the impact of the new rules on the prohibition on police controls equivalent to border checks to highlight that the case‐law of the Court of Justice on the matter creates a huge grey area which is critical for the ideal of a border‐check‐free Union. Increased use of video surveillance and other technologies also faces the legal bottleneck of prohibition on police controls having equivalent effects to border checks, as well as raising serious concerns about fundamental rights. It is argued that the situation resulting from these amendments to the former Schengen Border Code should be considered in terms of an impending rule of law crisis at internal borders.
The regulation of AI‐based migration technologies under the EU AI Act: (Still) operating in the shadows?
Authors: Stewart Ludivine Sarah 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming a key element in supporting the migration and border management policies of the European Union and its Member States, so far, AI‐based migration technologies have been tested and implemented with limited public scrutiny. In this context, the EU AI Act holds the promise of a regulation in line with the protection of fundamental rights and the rule of law. While Member States are bound by existing EU legislation when deploying AI, the Act represents the first attempt to regulate this technology in migration and border management. This paper examines the evolution of the Act throughout the negotiation process and its potential to hold actors involved in AI‐driven migration technology accountable, thereby promoting the rule of law. It argues that while the regulation offers promising and important elements, a closer examination brings to light important concerns about its ability to ensure accountability.
Low cycle fatigue behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy joined by friction stir welding
Authors: Türkan Murat , Karakaş Özler , Berto Filippo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study, aims to weld the 5.2 mm thick AZ31 magnesium alloy with conventional friction stir welding at the highest joining efficiency. As a result of the experiments, 88% joining efficiency in tensile strength has been obtained at 1250 rpm, 400 mm.min−1 welding parameter. As a result of micro–macrostructure photographic examinations of the samples joined with these parameters, it is seen that the joining is fully realized. Samples joined with these parameters have been used in fatigue tests. According to the strain‐controlled low cycle fatigue test results performed on welded and base metal samples, the base metal samples have exceeded the 50,000‐cycle limit without failure, with an elongation rate of 0.3%, and the welded samples with an elongation rate of 0.2%. Low cycle fatigue parameters of welded and base metal samples have been obtained according to the Coffin‐Manson‐Basquin equation.
Does the inclusion of crop and forestry components in forage‐based systems affect the ruminal fermentation and methane production of Marandu palisadegrass?
Authors: Monteiro Alyce , Gomes Fagner J. , Hoslchuch Solange G. , Almeida Otávio G. , Pedreira Bruno C. , Abdalla Adibe L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how forage can be utilized in the rumen is important for optimizing system efficiency. We aimed to evaluate the ruminal fermentation parameters and methane (CH4) production of Marandu palisadegrass [Brachiaria (syn. Urochloa) brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster] growing in monoculture or in integrated systems. The experiment was conducted over 3 years to evaluate four systems [livestock (L), livestock‐forestry (LF), crop‐livestock (CL), and crop‐livestock‐forestry (CLF)] during the dry and rainy seasons. In the dry season, palisadegrass in CLF presented the greater crude protein (CP) and the lesser neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations. The greatest gas volume was produced in L, while LF and CL reduced CH4 production compared to L. The greatest ammoniacal‐nitrogen concentration, propionate and valeric acid proportions, and degradability of NDF were in CLF. In the rainy season, palisadegrass in LF and CLF presented the greater CP concentration and the lesser CH4 production. Integration of crop and forestry components in a forage‐based livestock system affected ruminal fermentation parameters of Marandu palisadegrass, consequently, reducing CH4 production. In addition, the inclusion of a forestry component enhanced forage CP concentration. Integrated systems can improve ruminal fermentation, supporting sustainable livestock production and optimizing forage utilization.
Paths to status among public research universities in the United States, 2010–2021
Authors: Taylor Barrett J. , Cantwell Brendan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough universities are often characterised as ‘elite’, institutions can attain status in multiple dimensions—reputation, research, money and selectivity. We studied 21st century public universities in the United States, using latent profile analysis to identify which universities followed each path to status. Most universities pursued none, and very few pursued all four. Membership in the four groups was stable over time, indicating limited mobility.
Antibody feedback regulation
Authors: Heyman Birgitta 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAntibodies are able to up‐ or downregulate antibody responses to the antigen they bind. Two major mechanisms can be distinguished. Suppression is most likely caused by epitope masking and can be induced by all isotypes tested (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgM, and IgE). Enhancement is often caused by the redistribution of antigen in a favorable way, either for presentation to B cells via follicular dendritic cells (IgM and IgG3) or to CD4+ T cells via dendritic cells (IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b). IgM and IgG3 complexes activate complement and are transported from the marginal zone to follicles by marginal zone B cells expressing complement receptors. IgE–antigen complexes are captured by CD23+ B cells in the blood and transported to follicles, delivered to CD8α+ conventional dendritic cells, and presented to CD4+ T cells. Enhancement of antibody responses by IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b in complex with proteins requires activating FcγRs. These immune complexes are captured by dendritic cells and presented to CD4+ T cells, subsequently helping cognate B cells. Endogenous feedback regulation influences the response to booster doses of vaccines and passive administration of anti‐RhD antibodies is used to prevent alloimmunization of RhD‐negative women carrying RhD‐positive fetuses.
Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the heart failure‐specific health literacy scale in a socio‐politically challenged setting
Authors: Deek Hiba , Türkoğlu Nihan , Massouh Angela R. , Kavuran Esin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionLow levels of formal education among Lebanese people with HF were reported. Additionally, limited discharge education is provided to this population. Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate the health literacy levels among this population following the translation of the heart failure‐specific health literacy scale into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties in the Lebanese setting.MethodsA cross‐sectional design conducted on participants from the community with confirmed cases of heart failure. A research team was trained for data collection. Following securing participants' consents, baseline sociodemographic characteristics and the Arabic version of the heart failure‐specific health literacy scale were administered. Data collection took place between June and December 2022. A pilot sample analysis was done to confirm homogeneity between the English and the Arabic versions. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to evaluate content and construct validity of the scale. Cronbach alpha was done to evaluate reliability.ResultsThe pilot analysis confirmed homogeneity of the items of the Arabic and English versions of the scale. The final sample of 343 participants was randomly divided to two parts for each of the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The mean age was 64 years with the majority being male participants. In terms of exploratory factor analysis, the three subscales of the literacy scale explained 60% of the variance. The best acceptable fit was found on 11 items of the scale after dropping the 10th item from the analysis. The Cronbach alpha of the scale was 0.68.ConclusionThe Arabic version of the heart failure‐specific health literacy scale was evaluated to be a valid and reliable tool. Further analysis should be done on the dropped item, and correlations should be done with significant variables such as self‐care.Reporting MethodSTROBE checklist.Patient/Public ContributionNo patient/public contribution.Contribution to the Wider Global CommunityParticipants with heart failure were shown to have low levels of literacy in Lebanon. Additionally, low literacy levels are also common among Lebanese older adults living in high income, Western Countries. Therefore, this valid and reliable scale can be used to evaluate health literacy among people with heart failure in Lebanon and among Lebanese and other Arabic‐speaking older adults globally.
Navigating the trauma—The experiences of significant others supporting patients with severe burn injury: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Flannery Elizabeth , Murphy Gillian , Peters Kath , Halcomb Elizabeth , Ramjan Lucie M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of significant others of adult patients with severe burn injury in the Intensive Care Unit. Specifically, this study explored the strategies implemented by significant others and obstacles faced that served to protect or placed them at risk of psychological sequelae during their experience of trauma.DesignA qualitative study using a Narrative Inquiry approach was undertaken.MethodsIndividual semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants during 2021–2022, who were a significant other of an adult patient in ICU with severe burn injury. These participants were recruited from the two major severe burns receiving hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Participants' stories were analysed using a narrative analysis approach informed by Polkinghorne. The COREQ guideline was used in reporting.ResultsAs each participant navigated the traumatic experience of supporting a loved one with a severe burn injury, they faced unique obstacles to maintaining their own mental health and well‐being. They employed strategies that were likely to protect them on this journey. Psychologically protective factors included taking back control, coexisting in the trauma with the patient and forging a trauma bond. These strategies effectively contained the trauma and protected others (such as children, extended family and friends). While this allowed significant others an element of control, it also effectively isolated them from the support of family and friends.ConclusionThis study shows that significant others may also experience personal trauma and may not recognize this as they focus all their attention on supporting the patient with the burn injury.Implications for PracticeWith increased awareness of both protective and risk factors, support can be directed towards enhancing protective factors and addressing risk factors, thereby decreasing their impact and improving support for significant others.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.