bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between physical activity and ankle-brachial index: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
Authors: Memarian Ensieh , Hamrefors Viktor , Kharraziha Isabella , Bergström Göran , Blomberg Anders , Malinovschi Andrei , Östgren Carl Johan , Ekblom Örjan , Engström Gunnar , Gottsäter Anders 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The ankle–brachial index (ABI) is the ratio of the ankle and brachial systolic blood pressures. In the clinical setting, low ABI (< 0.9) is an indicator of peripheral atherosclerosis, while high ABI (> 1.4) is a sign of arterial stiffness and calcification. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the association between ABI and physical activity levels, measured by accelerometer.

Methods
The Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) is a Swedish nationwide population-based cross-sectional cohort for the study of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, in which individuals aged 50–64 years were randomly invited from the general population. The study population with data on ABI, physical activity, and sedentary time based on accelerometry was 27,737. Differences between ABI categories and associations to sedentary behavior, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and other metabolic characteristics were compared. ABI was categorized as low, ABI ≤ 0.9, borderline, ABI 0.91–0.99, normal, ABI 1.0-1.39, and high, ABI ≥ 1.4.

Results
Prevalence of low ABI was higher in the most sedentary quartiles compared to the least sedentary (0.6% vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001). The most sedentary individuals also exhibited higher BMI, higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension. The proportion of wake time spent in MVPA was lowest in those with low ABI (0.033 ± 0.004; p < 0.001) and highest in those with ABI > 1.4 (0.069 ± 0.001; p < 0.001) compared to those with normal ABI. Compared to normal ABI, the proportion of sedentary time was highest in those with low ABI (0.597 ± 0.012; p < 0.001) and lowest in those with ABI > 1.4 (0.534 ± 0.002; p = 0.004).

Conclusion
This population-based study shows that middle-aged individuals with ABI > 1.4 have the highest level of physical activity, while individuals with a lower ABI, especially those with ABI < 0.9, are less active and spend more time sedentary. Future studies are needed to understand the relationships between ABI, physical activity, and the risk of peripheral arterial and cardiovascular disease in the general population.
Development and validation of the Women’s Self-care Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (WSKAQ)
Authors: Khademi Khadijeh , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Asadollahi Abdolrahim , Nazari Mahin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Menopausal women should learn self-care practices to enjoy a healthy lifestyle, positive health behaviors, and health status. In addition, the lack of self-care knowledge can lead to unhealthy attitudes and lifestyles, resulting in many complications. Improved self-care knowledge can foster positive attitudes, leading to healthier lifestyles as a beneficial cycle. However, menopausal women have limited knowledge about self-care and evaluation tools. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and investigate the validity and reliability of the Women’s Self-care Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire (WSKAQ) in Iranian menopausal women.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 249 menopausal women, aged between 45 and 65 years and at least one year post-menopause, with a minimum literacy level of elementary education. Validation properties included construct validity, exploratory (EFA), and discriminant validity. Reliability was further established through Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Omega. PASS 15 and SPSS 27 software were used to select centers, calculate sample size and analyze the data, respectively.

Results
The initial stage of construct validity involved the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and EFA, resulting in a 6-item self-care knowledge subscale, 47.29% of the total data variance, and 7-item self-care attitude subscale, 55.50% of the total data variance. Independent t-test indicated that menopausal women with education level equal to or higher than diploma have significantly higher self-care attitude scores than those with lower than diploma (p = 0.007). Additionally, significant correlations were observed between self-care knowledge and attitude (r:0.30). Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Omega coefficients of the 13-item WSKAQ were 0.77 and 0.78, respectively.

Conclusions
Based on the results, the WSKAQ, consisting of 13 items, was validated and reliable for assessing the self-care knowledge and attitude of Iranian menopausal women.
Knowledge gaps related to HIV and condom use for preventing pregnancy: a cross-sectional study among migrants in Sweden
Authors: Tirado Veronika , Orsini Nicola , Strömdahl Susanne , Hanson Claudia , Ekström Anna Mia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Information and knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) plays a crucial role in promoting safe sexual practices among young migrants. We aimed to assess the sociodemographic factors of migrants associated with knowledge of condoms and the prevention, treatment, and transmission of HIV to highlight the need for SRHR information, including comprehensive sexual health education.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted (2018–2019) among migrants at Swedish language schools and high schools across Sweden. The survey included questions about knowledge of condom use for preventing pregnancy and HIV treatment and transmission. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the responses to the knowledge questions and sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Out of 3430 respondents (median age: 35, interquartile range: 20), approximately 39% were unaware that condoms can prevent unplanned pregnancies. Only 58% of the respondents knew that condoms reduce the risk of contracting HIV. About 77% were unaware of HIV treatment, and 52% reported not knowing that a woman with HIV could transmit the virus to her baby during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Incorrect knowledge about condom use to prevent unwanted pregnancy was associated with several factors: younger age (15–19 years) adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.79); female respondents (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI 1.36–2.07); lack of previous sexual health education (aOR: 2.57; 95% CI 2.11–3.13); low level of education (aOR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.04–1.61). Originating from the Americas, European, or sub-Saharan African regions was associated with a 34–42% decreased likelihood of incorrect knowledge that condoms can reduce the risk of HIV infection compared to respondents from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). More than half (64%) of respondents reported needing more SRHR information.

Conclusions
We found significant knowledge gaps on HIV and condom use for preventing pregnancy among migrants in Sweden. Comprehensive sexual health education in language schools, along with information to newly arrived migrants from diverse regional backgrounds and targeted sexual health services to younger individuals, women, and those who lack sexual health education, are needed to address these information gaps and provide crucial SRHR education and information.
Beyond individual factors: a critical ethnographic account of urban residential fire risks, experiences, and responses in single-room occupancy (SRO) housing
Authors: Liao Catherine , Varcoe Colleen , Brown Helen , Pike Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Burn injuries are a significant public health concern, closely linked to housing conditions and socioeconomic status. Residents in socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods are at increased risk of exposure to hazards due to older and poorer housing conditions and limited access to fire protection measures. Individual behaviours such as substance use, smoking, and hoarding are often highlighted as primary causes of residential fires, overshadowing the broader socioeconomic and structural factors that also play a significant role in housing safety. This paper explores the correlation between inadequate housing conditions and heightened fire risks leading to burn injuries, focusing on the contextual factors shaping everyday urban fire risks, experiences, and responses of residents living in Single-Room Occupancy (SRO) housing in Vancouver’s Downtown East Side (DTES) and staff working in the fire, health, housing (social and private), and non-profit sectors.

Methods
As part of an ongoing ethnographic study, we partnered with the Vancouver Fire Rescue Services (VFRS) to conduct participant observations in private, non-profit, and government-owned SROs, modular homes, and a temporary shelter. This paper synthesizes insights from participant observations from the first author’s self-reflexive journals, including informal conversations with approximately fifty-nine individuals such as SRO tenants, SRO managers/caretakers, health workers, burn survivors, municipal staff, not-for-profit staff, and firefighters.

Results
Urgent housing-related issues contributing to inequitable everyday urban fire risks were identified, such as structural deficiencies in SRO buildings and systems, inadequate waste management and storage, and inequitable approaches to addressing hoarding. Additionally, disparities in access to information and the interaction between interpersonal and structural stigmas were significant factors, underscoring the pressing need for intervention.

Conclusion
Communities like DTES, facing precarious housing conditions, disadvantaged neighbourhoods, and complex health and social challenges, necessitate a comprehensive and holistic approach to fire prevention and safety. Recognizing the interplay between housing instability, mental and physical health issues, unregulated toxic drug supply, drug criminalization, and structural inequities allows practitioners from various sectors to develop contextually driven fire prevention strategies. This multifaceted approach transcends individual-level behaviour change and is crucial for addressing the complex issues contributing to fire risks in underserved communities.
Electrochemical survey of electroactive microbial populations in deep-sea hydrothermal fields
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Kawada Yoshifumi , Takaki Yoshihiro , Shimoniida Kosuke , Shitara Mariko , Tanizaki Akiko , Kashima Hiroyuki , Hirai Miho , Takaya Yutaro , Nozaki Tatsuo , Kasaya Takafumi , Takai Ken 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectric discharge in deep-sea hydrothermal fields leads us to expect the existence of electroactive microbial ecosystems in the environments. Electrochemical properties such as electric field distribution on the seafloor and electrical conductivity of the rock can be useful indicators of searching electroactive microbial community in natural environments. We performed electric field measurements in deep-sea hydrothermal fields and collected rock samples by a remotely operative vehicle (ROV) operation. Several spots on the seafloor with strong electric fields were detected, which included both active hydrothermal vent areas and inactive sulfide deposits far from the vents. The electrical conductivity of the rock samples was correlated with the copper and iron sulfide content. Microbial community compositions of the rock samples were characterized by small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis. The abundance of several microbial components, which are highly related to electroactive microorganisms such as Geobacteraceae and Thiomicrorhabdus, was affected by the electrical properties of rock samples. The results suggested that electrochemical properties on the seafloor would be related to the abundance of possible electroactive microbial populations, and that the electrochemical survey may be a powerful tool for exploring electroactive ecosystems.
Patient resuscitated after cardiopulmonary arrest exhibits abnormally increased phenytoin metabolic rate due to unknown factors: a case report
Authors: Nagamine Ayumu , Araki Takuya , Yashima Hideaki , Oshima Kiyohiro , Obayashi Kyoko , Yamamoto Koujirou 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Fosphenytoin (FOS) is a prodrug of phenytoin (PHT) with a metabolism that exhibits Michaelis–Menten-type kinetics. Genetic polymorphisms of the metabolic enzymes of PHT make it challenging to predict its plasma concentrations. High plasma PHT concentrations are typically problematic, and several causes have been elucidated. In contrast, cases of patients with low PHT plasma concentrations that did not increase despite the administration of appropriate PHT doses have been reported, and the causes may include changes in plasma protein-binding rates, genetic mutations, and concomitant use of drugs that induce liver enzymes; however, even these factors do not explain the low PHT plasma concentrations in some cases.

Case presentation
We encountered the case of a patient with plasma PHT concentrations that were continuously < 0.7 µg/mL after daily use of FOS for seizures that occurred after cardiopulmonary arrest. We analyzed the protein-unbound fraction, urinary metabolites, and related genes to investigate the cause. False negatives due to the measurement method, errors in dosage and administration method, and increased excretion of PHT were excluded. Hepatic metabolic activity of PHT increased to 4.6–6.1 times the normal level. The S/R ratio of 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin-glucuronide, a major PHT metabolite, was normal at 15.2, suggesting increased activities of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. Furthermore, the protein-unbound fraction of PHT was 5.2–6.9%, CYP2C19*17 was wild type, and there was no concomitant drug use to induce both enzymes.

Conclusions
The low PHT plasma concentration in this patient was found to be caused by increased hepatic metabolic activity that could not be explained by known factors. Careful monitoring is necessary to consider the possibility of increased hepatic metabolic activity in similar cases.
Historical and practical aspects of macular buckle surgery in the treatment of myopic tractional maculopathy: case series and literature review
Authors: Cyrino Francyne Veiga Reis , de Lucena Moisés Moura , de Oliveira Audi Letícia , Filho José Afonso Ribeiro Ramos , Braga João Pedro Romero , de Azeredo Bastos Thais Marino , Coelho Igor Neves , Jorge Rodrigo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Uncorrected myopia is a leading cause of blindness globally, with a rising prevalence in recent decades. Pathological myopia, often seen in individuals with increased axial length (AXL), can result in severe structural changes in the posterior pole, including myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM). MTM arises from tractional forces at the vitreoretinal interface, leading to progressive macular retinoschisis, macular holes, and retinal detachment (RD). This study aims to outline preoperative evaluation and surgical indication criteria for MTM, based on the MTM staging system, and to share our Brazilian experience with three cases of macular buckle (MB) surgery, all with over a year of follow-up.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of three cases of MTM-associated RD treated with MB surgery, with or without pars plana vitrectomy. Preoperative evaluations included optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultrasonography (USG) to assess the extent of macular involvement and retinal detachment. Surgical indications were determined based on the MTM staging system. The MB was assembled using customizable and accessible materials. Surgical procedures varied according to the specific needs of each case. An informed consent form regarding the surgical procedure was appropriately obtained for each case. The study was conducted with the proper approval of the institution’s ethics committee.

Results
All three cases demonstrated successful retinal attachment during the mean follow-up of eighteen months. In the first case, combined phacoemulsification, vitrectomy, and MB were performed for MTM with macular hole and RD. The second case required MB and vitrectomy after two failed RD surgeries. In the third case, a macular detachment with an internal lamellar hole was treated with MB alone. These cases highlight the efficacy of MB surgery in managing MTM in highly myopic eyes.

Conclusions
MB surgery is an effective treatment option for MTM-associated RD in highly myopic eyes, providing long-term retinal attachment. Our experience demonstrates that with proper preoperative evaluation and surgical planning, MB can be successfully implemented using accessible materials, offering a viable solution in resource-limited settings. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to validate these findings and refine surgical techniques.
APPROACH e-PROM system: a user-centered development and evaluation of an electronic patient-reported outcomes measurement system for management of coronary artery disease
Authors: Roberts Andrew , Benterud Eleanor , Santana Maria J. , Engbers Jordan , Lorenz Christine , Verdin Nancy , Pearson Winnie , Edgar Peter , Adekanye Joel , Javaheri Pantea , MacDonald Courtney E. , Simmons Sarah , Zelinsky Sandra , Caird Jeff , Sawatzky Rick , Har Bryan , Ghali William A. , Norris Colleen M. , Graham Michelle M. , James Matthew T. , Wilton Stephen B. , Sajobi Tolulope T. ,   for the APPROACH investigators
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) confers increased risks of premature mortality, non-fatal morbidity, and significant impairment in functional status and health-related quality of life. Routine administration of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and its real time delivery to care providers is known to have the potential to inform routine cardiac care and to improve quality of care and patient outcomes. This study describes a user-centered development and evaluation of the Alberta Provincial Project for Outcomes Assessment (APPROACH) electronic Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement (e-PROM) system. This e-PROM system is an electronic system for the administration of PROMs to patients with CAD and the delivery of the summarized information to their care providers to facilitate patient-physician communication and shared decision-making. This electronic platform was designed to be accessible via web-based and hand-held devices. Heuristic and user acceptance evaluation were conducted with patients and attending care providers.

Results
The APPROACH e-PROM system was co-developed with patients and care providers, research investigators, informaticians and information technology experts. Five PROMs were selected for inclusion in the online platform after consultations with patient partners, care providers, and PROMs experts: the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, EuroQOL, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory. The heuristic evaluation was completed by four design experts who examined the usability of the prototype interfaces. User acceptance testing was completed with 13 patients and 10 cardiologists who evaluated prototype user interfaces of the e-PROM system.

Conclusion
Both patients and physicians found the APPROACH e-PROM system to be easy to use, understandable, and acceptable. The APPROACH e-PROM system provides a user-informed electronic platform designed to incorporate PROMs into the delivery of individualized cardiac care for persons with CAD.
Intraindividual reproducibility of myocardial radiomic features between energy-integrating detector and photon-counting detector CT angiography
Authors: Tremamunno Giuseppe , Varga-Szemes Akos , Schoepf U. Joseph , Laghi Andrea , Zsarnoczay Emese , Fink Nicola , Aquino Gilberto J. , O’Doherty Jim , Emrich Tilman , Vecsey-Nagy Milan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Radiomics is not yet used in clinical practice due to concerns regarding its susceptibility to technical factors. We aimed to assess the stability and interscan and interreader reproducibility of myocardial radiomic features between energy-integrating detector computed tomography (EID-CT) and photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) in patients undergoing coronary CT angiography (CCTA) on both systems.

Methods
Consecutive patients undergoing clinically indicated CCTA on an EID-CT were prospectively enrolled for a PCD-CT CCTA within 30 days. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMI) at various keV levels and polychromatic images (T3D) were generated for PCD-CT, with image reconstruction parameters standardized between scans. Two readers performed myocardial segmentation and 110 radiomic features were compared intraindividually between EID-CT and PDC-CT series. The agreement of parameters was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient and paired t-test for the stability of the parameters.

Results
Eighteen patients (15 males) aged 67.6 ± 9.7 years (mean ± standard deviation) were included. Besides polychromatic PCD-CT reconstructions, 60- and 70-keV VMIs showed the highest feature stability compared to EID-CT (96%, 90%, and 92%, respectively). The interscan reproducibility of features was moderate even in the most favorable comparisons (median ICC 0.50 [interquartile range 0.20–0.60] for T3D; 0.56 [0.33–0.74] for 60 keV; 0.50 [0.36–0.62] for 70 keV). Interreader reproducibility was excellent for the PCD-CT series and good for EID-CT segmentations.

Conclusion
Most myocardial radiomic features remain stable between EID-CT and PCD-CT. While features demonstrated moderate reproducibility between scanners, technological advances associated with PCD-CT may lead to greater reproducibility, potentially expediting future standardization efforts.

Relevance statement
While the use of PCD-CT may facilitate reduced interreader variability in radiomics analysis, the observed interscanner variations in comparison to EID-CT should be taken into account in future research, with efforts being made to minimize their impact in future radiomics studies.

Key Points

Most myocardial radiomic features resulted in being stable between EID-CT and PCD-CT on certain VMIs.

The reproducibility of parameters between detector technologies was limited.

PCD-CT improved interreader reproducibility of myocardial radiomic features.

Graphical Abstract