bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life history and dynamics of a platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) population: four decades of mark-recapture surveys
Authors: Bino Gilad , Grant Tom R. , Kingsford Richard T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractKnowledge of the life-history and population dynamics of Australia’s iconic and evolutionarily distinct platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) remains poor. We marked-recaptured 812 unique platypuses (total 1,622 captures), over four decades (1973–2014) in the Shoalhaven River, Australia. Strong sex-age differences were observed in life-history, including morphology and longevity. Apparent survival of adult females (Φ = 0.76) were higher than adult males (Φ = 0.57), as in juveniles: females Φ = 0.27, males Φ = 0.13. Females were highly likely to remain in the same pool (adult:P = 0.85, juvenile:P = 0.88), while residency rates were lower for males (adult:P = 0.74, juvenile:P = 0.46). We combined survival, movement and life-histories to develop population viability models and test the impact of a range of life-history parameters. While using estimated apparent survival produced unviable populations (mean population growth rate r = −0.23, extinction within 20 years), considering residency rates to adjust survival estimates, indicated more stable populations (r = 0.004, p = 0.04 of 100-year extinction). Further sensitivity analyses highlighted adult female survival and overall success of dispersal as most affecting viability. Findings provide robust life-history and viability estimates for a difficult study species. These could support developing large-scale population dynamics models required to underpin a much needed national risk assessment for the platypus, already declining in parts of its current distribution.
Preventive effect of oral goshajinkigan on chronic oxaliplatin-induced hypoesthesia in rats
Authors: Kono Toru , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Mizuno Keita , Miyagi Chika , Omiya Yuji , Sekine Hitomi , Mizuhara Yasuharu , Miyano Kanako , Kase Yoshio , Uezono Yasuhito 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOxaliplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, induces peripheral neuropathy that manifests itself as two distinct phases: acute cold hyperesthesia and chronic peripheral hypoesthesia/dysesthesia. The latter is a serious dose-limiting side effect that can often lead to withdrawal of treatment. We have developed a rat model expressing both phases and used the model to investigate the action of goshajinkigan (GJG), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, which was reported to ameliorate oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized phase II study. In this study, neuropathy was induced by injection of oxaliplatin twice weekly for 8 wks. The maximum level of cold hyperesthesia was observed at 4 wks with heat hypoesthesia developing later. Microscopy studies revealed atrophy of axons of myelinated sciatic nerve fibers in oxaliplatin-treated rats at 8 wks. Co-administration of GJG ameliorated both abnormal sensations as well as histological damage to the sciatic nerve. A pharmacokinetic study revealed numerous neuroprotective components of GJG that are rapidly absorbed into the blood. GJG and some of its components attenuated the generation of oxaliplatin-induced reactive oxygen species, which is a possible mechanism of oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. The present study provides a useful animal model for oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity as well as a promising prophylactic agent.
Complex patterns of signalling to convey different social goals of sex in bonobos, Pan paniscus
Authors: Genty Emilie , Neumann Christof , Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSexual behaviour in bonobos (Pan paniscus) functions beyond mere reproduction to mediate social interactions and relationships. In this study, we assessed the signalling behaviour in relation to four social goals of sex in this species: appeasement after conflict, tension reduction, social bonding and reproduction. Overall, sexual behaviour was strongly decoupled from its ancestral reproductive function with habitual use in the social domain, which was accompanied by a corresponding complexity in communication behaviour. We found that signalling behaviour varied systematically depending on the initiator’s goals and gender. Although all gestures and vocalisations were part of the species-typical communication repertoire, they were often combined and produced flexibly. Generally, gestures and multi-modal combinations were more flexibly used to communicate a goal than vocalisations. There was no clear relation between signalling behaviour and success of sexual initiations, suggesting that communication was primarily used to indicate the signaller’s intention and not to influence a recipient’s willingness to interact sexually. We discuss these findings in light of the larger question of what may have caused, in humans, the evolutionary transition from primate-like communication to language.
A High-content screen identifies compounds promoting the neuronal differentiation and the midbrain dopamine neuron specification of human neural progenitor cells
Authors: Rhim Ji heon , Luo Xiangjian , Xu Xiaoyun , Gao Dongbing , Zhou Tieling , Li Fuhai , Qin Lidong , Wang Ping , Xia Xiaofeng , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSmall molecule compounds promoting the neuronal differentiation of stem/progenitor cells are of pivotal importance to regenerative medicine. We carried out a high-content screen to systematically characterize known bioactive compounds, on their effects on the neuronal differentiation and the midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron specification of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from the ventral mesencephalon of human fetal brain. Among the promoting compounds three major pharmacological classes were identified including the statins, TGF-βRI inhibitors and GSK-3 inhibitors. The function of each class was also shown to be distinct, either to promote both the neuronal differentiation and mDA neuron specification, or selectively the latter, or promote the former but suppress the latter. We then carried out initial investigation on the possible mechanisms underlying and demonstrated their applications on NPCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Our study revealed the potential of several small molecule compounds for use in the directed differentiation of human NPCs. The screening result also provided insight into the signaling network regulating the differentiation of human NPCs.
Neutralization of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by heme-induced broadly reactive human monoclonal antibody
Authors: Gupta Nimesh , de Wispelaere Mélissanne , Lecerf Maxime , Kalia Manjula , Scheel Tobias , Vrati Sudhanshu , Berek Claudia , Kaveri Srinivas V. , Desprès Philippe , Lacroix-Desmazes Sébastien , Dimitrov Jordan D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGeographical expansion and re-emerging new genotypes of the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) require the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here, we studied a non-conventional approach for antibody therapy and show that, upon exposure to heme, a fraction of natural human immunoglobulins acquires high-affinity reactivity with the antigenic domain-III of JEV E glycoprotein. These JEV-reactive antibodies exhibited neutralizing activity against recently dominant JEV genotypes. This study opens new therapeutic options for Japanese encephalitis.
Enhanced response inhibition in experienced fencers
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Ding Haiyan , Wang Xiaochun , Qi Changzhu , Luo Yuejia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe inhibition of a prepotent response is an essential executive function which enables us to suppress inappropriate actions in a given context. Individuals with fencing expertise exhibit behavioral advantages on tasks with high demands on response inhibition. This study examines the electrophysiological basis for the superior response inhibition in experienced fencers. In the Go/Nogo task where frequent stimuli required a motor response while reaction had to be withheld to rare stimuli, the fencers, compared with the non-fencers, exhibited behavioral as well as electrophysiological advantages when suppressing prepotent responses. The superior response inhibition in the fencers was characterized by enhanced Nogo-N2 and reduced Nogo-P3. Single-trial analysis revealed that the amplitude difference of the Nogo-N2 between two groups was caused by lower single-trial latency variability in the fencers (may be due to low attentional fluctuation and/or stable neural processing speed) while the amplitude difference of the Nogo-P3 resulted from truly weaker neural activity in the fencers (may be because few cognitive sources are needed and few control efforts are made). The two inhibition-related components are distinct neurophysiological indexes that, on the one hand, provide effective guidance to titrate the level of executive function in fencers and on the other hand, facilitate to monitor fencers’ improvement in the training process.
Differential regulation by AMP and ADP of AMPK complexes containing different γ subunit isoforms
Authors: Ross Fiona A. , Jensen Thomas E. , Hardie D. Grahame 
Published: November 2015

The γ subunits of heterotrimeric AMPK complexes contain the binding sites for the regulatory adenine nucleotides AMP, ADP and ATP. We addressed whether complexes containing different γ isoforms display different responses to adenine nucleotides by generating cells stably expressing FLAG-tagged versions of the γ1, γ2 or γ3 isoform. When assayed at a physiological ATP concentration (5 mM), γ1- and γ2-containing complexes were allosterically activated almost 10-fold by AMP, with EC50 values one to two orders of magnitude lower than the ATP concentration. By contrast, γ3 complexes were barely activated by AMP under these conditions, although we did observe some activation at lower ATP concentrations. Despite this, all three complexes were activated, due to increased Thr172 phosphorylation, when cells were incubated with mitochondrial inhibitors that increase cellular AMP. With γ1 complexes, activation and Thr172 phosphorylation induced by the upstream kinase LKB1 [liver kinase B1; but not calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKKβ)] in cell-free assays was markedly promoted by AMP and, to a smaller extent and less potently, by ADP. However, effects of AMP or ADP on activation and phosphorylation of the γ2 and γ3 complexes were small or insignificant. Binding of AMP or ADP protected all three γ subunit complexes against inactivation by Thr172 dephosphorylation; with γ2 complexes, ADP had similar potency to AMP, but with γ1 and γ3 complexes, ADP was less potent than AMP. Thus, AMPK complexes containing different γ subunit isoforms respond differently to changes in AMP, ADP or ATP. These differences may tune the responses of the isoforms to fit their differing physiological roles.
A long natural-antisense RNA is accumulated in the conidia of Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Tsujii Masaru , Okuda Satoshi , Ishi Kazutomo , Madokoro Kana , Takeuchi Michio , Yamagata Youhei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Analysis of expressed sequence tag libraries from various culture conditions revealed the existence of conidia-specific transcripts assembled to putative conidiation-specific reductase gene (csrA) in Aspergillus oryzae. However, the all transcripts were transcribed with opposite direction to the gene csrA. The sequence analysis of the transcript revealed that the RNA overlapped mRNA of csrA with 3′-end, and did not code protein longer than 60 amino acid residues. We designated the transcript Conidia Specific Long Natural-antisense RNA (CSLNR). The real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that the CSLNR is conidia-specific transcript, which cannot be transcribed in the absence of brlA, and the amount of CSLNR was much more than that of the transcript from csrA in conidia. Furthermore, the csrA deletion, also lacking coding region of CSLNR in A. oryzae reduced the number of conidia. Overexpression of CsrA demonstrated the inhibition of growth and conidiation, while CSLNR did not affect conidiation.
Glutamate levels control HT22 murine hippocampal cell death by regulating biphasic patterns of Erk1/2 activation: role of metabolic glutamate receptor 5
Authors: Sato Kazunori , Yamanaka Yuki , Asakura Yasuharu , Nedachi Taku 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Extracellular glutamate concentration is a critical determinant of neuronal cell fate. We recently demonstrated that HT22 murine hippocampal cell viability was reduced by exposure to high concentrations of glutamate, whereas low concentrations promoted cell survival. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)1/2 activation by glutamate is important for both glutamate-induced cell death and survival. In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate-induced or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced Erk1/2 activation in HT22 cell fate determination. Glutamate and H2O2 treatment similarly induced early (&lt;1 h) Erk1/2 phosphorylation regardless of concentration. On the other hand, persistent Erk1/2 phosphorylation (16–24 h) was observed only in the presence of excess glutamate. Only the latter contributed to glutamate-induced cell death, which involved metabolic glutamate receptor 5. Our findings suggest that glutamate concentration modulates two distinct phases of Erk1/2 activation, which can explain the glutamate concentration-dependent determination of HT22 cell fate.
Visible emission spectroscopy of highly charged tungsten ions in LHD: I. Survey of new visible emission lines
Authors: Shinohara M , Fujii K , Kato D , Nakamura N , Goto M , Morita S , Hasuo M 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We found 12 unknown visible emission lines from the core plasma of large helical device with highly charged tungsten ions accumulated. The observation was made with our home-built échelle spectrometer, which covers the wavelength range of 450–715 nm with a wavelength resolution of <0.05 nm for two lines of sight; one line passes both the core and edge plasmas and the other passes only the edge plasma. These emission lines are attributed to highly charged tungsten ions because (1) they were observed only after a tungsten pellet was injected into the plasma, (2) they were observed only from the core plasma where the electron temperature is 1 keV, (3) they show line broadenings that are close to the Doppler widths of tungsten ions with 1 keV temperature and (4) the wavelengths of some of these emission lines are close to the calculation results for tungsten ions in the charge state of 25–28.
Low braking index of PSR J1734−3333: an interaction between fall-back disc and magnetic field?
Authors: Chen Wen-Cong , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Recent timing observation reported that the radio pulsar PSR J1734−3333 with a rotating period P = 1.17 s is slowing down with a period derivative $\dot{P}=2.28\times 10^{-12}\ \rm s\,s^{-1}$. Its derived braking index n = 0.9 ± 0.2 is the lowest value among young radio pulsars with the measured braking indices. In this Letter, we attempt to investigate the influence of the braking torque caused by the interaction between the fall-back disc and the strong magnetic field of the pulsar on the spin evolution of PSR J1734−3333. Analytical result show that this braking torque is obviously far more than that by magnetic dipole radiation for pulsars with spin period of &gt;0.1 s, and play an important role during the spin-down of the pulsars. Our simulated results indicate that, for some typical neutron star parameters, the braking index and the period derivative approximately in agreement with the measured value of PSR J1734−3333 if the material inflow rate in the fall-back disc is 2 × 1017 g s− 1. In addition, our scenario can account for the measured braking indices of four young pulsars. However, our predicted X-ray luminosity are one to two order of magnitude higher than the observation. We proposed that this discrepancy may originate from the instability of fall-back disc.
A possible correlation between planetary radius and orbital period for small planets
Authors: Helled Ravit , Lozovsky Michael , Zucker Shay 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We suggest the existence of a correlation between the planetary radius and orbital period for planets with radii smaller than 4 R⊕. Using the Kepler data, we find a correlation coefficient of 0.5120, and suggest that the correlation is not caused solely by survey incompleteness. While the correlation coefficient could change depending on the statistical analysis, the statistical significance of the correlation is robust. Further analysis shows that the correlation originates from two contributing factors. One seems to be a power-law dependence between the two quantities for intermediate periods (3–100 d), and the other is a dearth of planets with radii larger than 2 R⊕ in short periods. This correlation may provide important constraints for small-planet formation theories and for understanding the dynamical evolution of planetary systems.
Systematic Review and Meta-analyses Investigating Whether Risk Stratification Explains Lower Rates of Coronary Angiography Among Women With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Worrall-Carter Linda , McEvedy Samantha , Kuhn Lisa , Scruth Elizabeth , MacIsaac Andrew , Rahman Muhammad Aziz 
Published: November 2015

Background:Guidelines recommend that all non–ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEACS) patients with high-risk features receive a coronary angiogram. We hypothesised that the widely reported gender disparity in the use of angiography might be the result of women more frequently being stratified into the lower-risk category.Objectives:The aim of the study was to review studies reporting risk stratification of NSTEACS patients by gender, compare risk profiles, and assess impact on use of coronary angiography.Methods:PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched on June 17, 2014, using MeSH terms/subheadings and/or key words with no further limits. The search revealed 1230 articles, of which 25 met our objective.Results:Among the 28 risk-stratified populations described in the 25 articles, women were more likely to be stratified as high-risk in 13 studies; men were more likely to be stratified as high-risk in 3 studies. After meta-analyses, women had a 23% higher odds of being stratified as high-risk than did men (P= .001). Lower-risk patients were more likely to receive an angiogram in 15 study populations.Conclusions:Contrary to our hypothesis, this review showed that women with NSTEACS are more likely than men to be considered high-risk when stratified using a range of risk assessment methods. Lower rates of angiography in women form part of a broader treatment-risk paradox, which may involve gender bias in the selection of patients for invasive therapy.
Socioeconomic and Behavioral Characteristics Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Among Overweight/Obese School-age Children
Authors: Ham Ok Kyung 
Published: November 2015

Background:
Obesity in children comprises a significant public health concern in Korea. As with increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) have also increased in this population.

Objective:
The purpose was to examine behavioral and socioeconomic factors that were associated with biomarkers of MetS among overweight/obese school-age children.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a convenience sample of 75 overweight/obese school-age children participated. Socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and physiologic examinations were studied. The data were analyzed using an analysis of covariance and logistic regression.

Results:
Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 27.8% of our population. Severe stress was significantly associated with elevated systolic blood pressure (P < .05). Among the family characteristics, children’s perception of family income (wealthy and very wealthy) and mother’s education level (high school or less) were associated with diagnoses of MetS in children (P < .05).

Conclusions:
The results indicated that certain socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics were associated with risk factors of MetS, and therefore, interventions to modify these risk factors are needed to promote the healthy development of overweight/obese school-age children.
Novel Multidisciplinary Management of a Retropharyngeal Hematoma With Pulmonary Stenting
Authors: Cox Steven T. , Zimmerman Eric , Collins Drew , Richmond Nicholas L. , Simoff Michael 
Published: November 2015

Summary:
Retropharyngeal hematomas (RHs) represents a rare airway obstruction that requires timely intervention to avoid a fatal outcome. Further complicating this malady, RHs of massive proportions can complicate the decision of management selection. After comprehensive literature search, there has been no mention of pulmonary stenting as an intervention for RH. The following case presentation will demonstrate the importance of multidisciplinary management of a 60-year-old presenting with a RH causing airway obstruction, with the use of a novel approach. Airway stenting is a novel, conservative approach for successfully managing patients presenting with massive RH.
Interactions among culturally diverse personnel: an analysis of individual difference variables
Authors: Moeller Miriam , Harvey Michael , Maley Jane F. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate attitudes toward interacting with foreign nationals from emerging and developed markets. Differences in attitudes are assessed using liability-of-foreignness factors.Design/methodology/approach– Purposive sample collected at a private university in Australia; hierarchical linear modeling approach examines differences across regions of Australia, Asia, Middle East, Europe, and North America; Type 2 moderated mediation procedures.Findings– Findings argue for variations across individual difference variables relative to the inclination to interact with emerging markets foreign nationals. Europeans’ willingness to interact with emerging market foreign nationals is diminished with high levels of tendency to stereotype, whereas North Americans’ willingness to interact with developed market foreign nationals is enhanced with high levels of tendency to stereotype.Research limitations/implications– Use of self-reported measures may limit validity and generalizability; cross-sectional data; common method variance.Practical implications– A greater consideration of cultural diversity inherent in the workforce allows for diminished adjustment difficulties. Acknowledgment and contextualization of diversity is not an option but a necessity upon which organizations must act to reach their fullest potential in respective foreign locations.Social implications– Supports greater respect for social and cultural beliefs, norms, and values. Respect has implications for relationships and performance.Originality/value– Content presents diversity issues within global organizations on their quest to employ global talent.