bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des voix qui se répondent
Authors: Boudreau Annette 
Published: May 2014

L’objectif de l’article est d’examiner comment lesreprésentationslinguistiques des francophones, alimentées par lesidéologieslinguistiques dominantes de différentes époques, se sont construites dans le sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours en mettant l’accent sur deux périodes principales, de 1960 à 1970, où l’on analyse des journaux étudiants de l’époque, et de 2000 à aujourd’hui, où l’on examine des sites internet. La ville de Moncton est privilégiée dans l’analyse étant donné le nombre d’institutions acadiennes qui y sont installées, l’hétérogénéité culturelle et linguistique qui la caractérise, et les discours abondants sur la langue qui y circulent.
Nonlinear damping of chorus emissions at local half cyclotron frequencies observed by Geotail at L > 9
Authors: Habagishi Toshihiro , Yagitani Satoshi , Omura Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe have performed a statistical analysis of upper band and lower band chorus emissions observed by the Geotail spacecraft. Chorus elements are generated near the magnetic equator (or the high‐latitude minimum‐B pockets in the outer magnetosphere) as discrete emissions covering a frequency range of 0.1–0.65 fce0, where fce0 is the cyclotron frequency in the generation region, with wave vectors parallel to the ambient magnetic field. As the emissions propagate away from the generation region, it is possible that they undergo the nonlinear damping at half the local cyclotron frequency 0.5 fce because of the quasi‐parallel propagation. The nonlinear damping can separate the emissions into the upper band and lower band chorus emissions. We have found that the lower cutoff of the upper band emissions coincides with 0.5 fce, while the upper cutoff of the lower band emissions represents 0.5 fce0. When 0.5 fce exceeds 0.65 fce0, the chorus emission is observed as a lower band‐only emission.
Anisotropic Rayleigh wave phase velocity maps of eastern China
Authors: Legendre C. P. , Deschamps F. , Zhao L. , Lebedev S. , Chen Q.‐F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe explore the variations of Rayleigh wave phase velocity beneath eastern China in a broad period range (20–200 s). Rayleigh wave dispersion curves are measured by the two‐station technique for a total of 734 interstation paths using vertical component broadband waveforms at 39 seismic stations in eastern China from 466 global earthquakes. In addition, 599 waveform inversion interstation measurements were added to this data set. The interstation dispersion curves are then inverted for high‐resolution isotropic and azimuthally anisotropic phase velocity maps at periods between 20 and 200 s. At shorter periods sampling the crustal depth range, phase velocities are higher in the southeastern part of the region, reflecting the thinner crust there. The Jiangnan Belt separates Cathaysia from the Yangtze Craton, the latter with thicker crust and a deep, high‐velocity cratonic root. The eastern part of Yangtze Craton, however, east of 115–116°E, does not display a deep root and has a thin lithosphere. Azimuthal anisotropy at long periods (>120 s) shows fast propagation directions broadly similar to that of the absolute plate motion. Beneath Cathaysia and eastern Yangtze Craton, anisotropy in the asthenosphere is strong and suggests coast‐perpendicular flow. Asthenospheric flow from beneath China's thick continental lithosphere toward the thinner lithosphere of the margin and the resulting decompression melting may be the fundamental causes of the intraplate basaltic volcanism along the eastern coast of China.
Evaluating the impact of urban morphology configurations on the accuracy of urban canopy model temperature simulations with MODIS
Authors: Monaghan Andrew J. , Hu Leiqiu , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Barlage Michael , Wilhelmi Olga V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSimulations of the urban environment contribute to assessments of current and future urban vulnerabilities to extreme heat events. The accuracy of simulations of the urban canopy can be degraded by inaccurate or oversimplified representations of the urban‐built environment within models. Using a 10 year (2003–2012) series of offline 1 km simulations over Greater Houston with the High‐Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS), this study explores the model accuracy gained by progressively increasing the complexity of the urban morphology representation in an urban canopy model. The fidelity of the simulations is primarily assessed by a spatiotemporally consistent comparison of a newly developed HRLDAS radiative temperature variable with remotely sensed estimates of land surface temperature from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. The most accurate urban simulations of radiative temperature are yielded from experiments that (1) explicitly specify the urban fraction in each pixel and (2) include irrigation. The former modification yields a gain in accuracy that is larger than for other changes, such as increasing the number of urban land use types. The latter modification (irrigation) substantially reduces simulated temperature biases and increases model precision compared to model configurations that lack irrigation, presumably because watering of lawns, parks, etc. is a common activity that should be represented in urban canopy models (although it is generally not). Ongoing and future efforts to improve urban canopy model simulations may achieve important gains through better representations of urban morphology, as well as processes that affect near‐surface energy partitioning within cities, such as irrigation.
A review of radio channel models for body centric communications
Authors: Cotton Simon L. , D'Errico Raffaele , Oestges Claude 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe human body is an extremely challenging environment for the operation of wireless communications systems, not least because of the complex antenna‐body electromagnetic interaction effects which can occur. This is further compounded by the impact of movement and the propagation characteristics of the local environment which all have an effect upon body centric communications channels. As the successful design of body area networks (BANs) and other types of body centric system is inextricably linked to a thorough understanding of these factors, the aim of this paper is to conduct a survey of the current state of the art in relation to propagation and channel models primarily for BANs but also considering other types of body centric communications. We initially discuss some of the standardization efforts performed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.15.6 task group before focusing on the two most popular types of technologies currently being considered for BANs, namely narrowband and Ultrawideband (UWB) communications. For narrowband communications the applicability of a generic path loss model is contended, before presenting some of the scenario specific models which have proven successful. The impacts of human body shadowing and small‐scale fading are also presented alongside some of the most recent research into the Doppler and time dependencies of BANs. For UWB BAN communications, we again consider the path loss as well as empirical tap delay line models developed from a number of extensive channel measurement campaigns conducted by research institutions around the world. Ongoing efforts within collaborative projects such as Committee on Science and Technology Action IC1004 are also described. Finally, recent years have also seen significant developments in other areas of body centric communications such as off‐body and body‐to‐body communications. We highlight some of the newest relevant research in these areas as well as discussing some of the advanced topics which are currently being addressed in the field of body centric communications.
Synthesis of a C2‐Symmetrical Tetrakis(arylethynyl) Cavitand and Formation of Hybrid Hydrogen‐Bonded/Metal‐Ligand Coordination Supramolecular Capsules
Authors: Nito Yuki , Nakada Keiko , Kobayashi Kenji , Yamanaka Masamichi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA C2‐symmetrical tetrakis(arylethynyl) cavitand was synthesized. Spontaneous formation of hybrid hydrogen bonded/metal‐ligand coordination supramolecular capsules occurs upon mixing 1 with cis‐coordinated Pt2+ or Pd2+ metal complexes. The hybrid supramolecular capsules encapsulated neutral guest molecules only in polar solvents.
Aminomethylenehelicene Oligomers Possessing Flexible Two‐Atom Linker Form a Stimuli‐Responsive Double‐Helix in Solution
Authors: Shigeno Masanori , Sato Masahiko , Kushida Yo , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAminomethylenehelicene oligomers up to the (M)‐heptamer were synthesized by reductive amination from a formylhelicene building block. The oligomers containing more than three helicenes formed a double helix in 1,3‐dilfuorobenzene. The (M)‐tetramer and (M)‐pentamer unfolded into a random coil by heating to 60 °C, whereas the (M)‐hexamer only slightly unfolded at the same temperature. A two‐sided thermal hysteresis was detected in the structural change of the (M)‐tetramer and (M)‐pentamer during cooling and heating. The (M)‐pentamer and (M)‐hexamer unfolded with the addition of trifluoroacetic acid and regenerated a double helix with the addition of triethylamine.
Anatomic relationship of nasolacrimal duct and major lateral wall landmarks: cadaveric study with surgical implications
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed , Nayak Jayakar V. , Vaezeafshar Reza , Li Gang , Psaltis Alkis James 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundDetailed knowledge of the surgical anatomic landmarks of the lateral nasal wall is important for safe and successful endoscopic sinonasal surgery. We sought to determine the relationship of major landmarks to the nasolacrimal duct (NLD).MethodsTwenty mid‐sagittal head sections of 10 fresh frozen cadavers were studied after removal of the nasal septum. The insertion of the alar cartilage into the maxilla was taken as a fixed point and all measurements were performed in a defined axial plane at the level of the maxillary sinus natural ostium. Two surgeons independently recorded each measurement 3 times with an average of the readings used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe overall agreement index was excellent (r = 0.84) between the observers. At the level of maxillary ostium, the mean distance from the alar rim to the NLD was 43.05 ± 4.76 mm on the right and 41.25 ± 4.56 mm on the left. The most anterior projection of the middle turbinate head was noted to be anterior to the NLD in 70% of specimens. In positional relationship, the maxillary line was posterior to the NLD in 55%, whereas the bulla ethmoidalis and the free edge of uncinate process were uniformly posterior to the NLD in all the specimens.ConclusionThis study provides useful anatomic and positional relationships between the NLD and major lateral wall landmarks. Although the maxillary line and the head of the middle turbinate are often considered useful guides to the position of the ipsilateral NLD, their spatial relationship to the NLD is not consistent. These landmarks, therefore, cannot be solely relied upon during surgery to avoid injury to the NLD.
Molecular pathogenesis of polymerase gamma–related neurodegeneration
Authors: Tzoulis Charalampos , Tran Gia Tuong , Coxhead Jonathan , Bertelsen Bjørn , Lilleng Peer K. , Balafkan Novin , Payne Brendan , Miletic Hrvoje , Chinnery Patrick F. , Bindoff Laurence A. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivePolymerase gamma (POLG) mutations are a common cause of mitochondrial disease and have also been linked to neurodegeneration and aging. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying POLG‐related neurodegeneration using postmortem tissue from a large number of patients.MethodsClinical information was available from all subjects. Formalin‐fixed and frozen brain tissue from 15 patients and 23 controls was studied employing a combination of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular studies of microdissected neurons.ResultsThe primary consequence of POLG mutation in neurons is mitochondrial DNA depletion. This was already present in infants with little evidence of neuronal loss or mitochondrial dysfunction. With longer disease duration, we found an additional, progressive accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions and point mutations accompanied by increasing numbers of complex I–deficient neurons. Progressive neurodegeneration primarily affected the cerebellar systems and dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra. Superimposed on this chronic process were acute, focal cortical lesions that correlated with epileptogenic foci and that showed massive neuronal loss.InterpretationPOLG mutations appear to compromise neuronal respiration via a combination of early and stable depletion and a progressive somatic mutagenesis of the mitochondrial genome. This leads to 2 distinct but overlapping biological processes: a chronic neurodegeneration reflected clinically by progressive ataxia and cognitive impairment, and an acute focal neuronal necrosis that appears to be related to the presence of epileptic seizures. Our findings offer an explanation of the acute‐on‐chronic clinical course of this common mitochondrial encephalopathy. ANN NEUROL 2014;76:66–81
Proton Conductivities of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets: Single, Multilayer, and Modified Nanosheets
Authors: Hatakeyama Kazuto , Karim Mohammad Razaul , Ogata Chikako , Tateishi Hikaru , Funatsu Asami , Taniguchi Takaaki , Koinuma Michio , Hayami Shinya , Matsumoto Yasumichi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProton conductivities of layered solid electrolytes can be improved by minimizing strain along the conduction path. It is shown that the conductivities (σ) of multilayer graphene oxide (GO) films (assembled by the drop‐cast method) are larger than those of single‐layer GO (prepared by either the drop‐cast or the Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) method). At 60 % relative humidity (RH), the σ value increases from 1×10−6 S cm−1 in single‐layer GO to 1×10−4 and 4×10−4 S cm−1 for 60 and 200 nm thick multilayer films, respectively. A sudden decrease in conductivity was observed for with ethylenediamine (EDA) modified GO (enGO), which is due to the blocking of epoxy groups. This experiment confirmed that the epoxide groups are the major contributor to the efficient proton transport. Because of a gradual improvement of the conduction path and an increase in the water content, σ values increase with the thickness of the multilayer films. The reported methods might be applicable to the optimization of the proton conductivity in other layered solid electrolytes.
Multifunktionale, Defekt‐manipulierte Metall‐organische Gerüste mit Rutheniumzentren: Sorption und katalytische Eigenschaften
Authors: Kozachuk Olesia , Luz Ignacio , Llabrés i Xamena Francesc X. , Noei Heshmat , Kauer Max , Albada H. Bauke , Bloch Eric D. , Marler Bernd , Wang Yuemin , Muhler Martin , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDas Konzept der “festen Lösungen mit gemischten Linkern” (mixed‐linker solid solution concept) ist angewendet worden, um die Metallzentren des gemischtvalenten RuII/III‐Analogons der bekannten Familie der [M3II,II(btc)2]‐MOFs (M=Cu, Mo, Cr, Ni oder Zn; btc=Benzol‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylat) zu modellieren und strukturelle Defekte in das Gerüst mit teilweise fehlenden Carboxylatliganden an den Ru2‐“Schaufelradeinheiten” einzubringen. Pyridin‐3,5‐dicarboxylat (pydc) als zweiter, Defekt‐bildender Linker von ähnlicher Größe wie btc, aber geringerer Ladung führt zu einem porösen Derivat von Ru‐MOF mit Eigenschaften, die sich von denen des Defekt‐freien MOF unterscheiden. So bewirkt das Einbringen von pydc außer der Bildung von zusätzlichen koordinativ ungesättigten Metallzentren auch eine partielle Reduktion des Rutheniums. Die modifizierten Ru‐Zentren sind für die Aktivität der “defekten” Varianten hinsichtlich dissoziativer Chemisorption von CO2, erhöhter CO‐Sorption, Bildung von Ru‐H‐Spezies und katalytischer Hydrierung von Olefinen verantwortlich.
Egg White Varnishes on Ancient Paintings: A Molecular Connection to Amyloid Proteins
Authors: Imbrogno Joseph , Nayak Arpan , Belfort Georges 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFor about 400 years, egg white was used to coat and protect paintings without detailed understanding of its molecular properties. A molecular basis is provided for its advantageous properties and one of its protective properties is demonstrated with oxygen transport behavior. Compared to the native secondary structure of ovalbumin in solution of circa 33 % α‐helix and β‐sheet, attenuated total reflection–FTIR (ATR‐FTIR) spectra showed a 73 % decrease of α‐helix content and a 44 % increase of β‐sheet content over eight days. The data suggest that the final coating of dissolved ovalbumin from egg white after long exposure to air, which is hydrophobic, comprises mostly β‐sheet content (ca. 50 %), which is predicted to be the lowest‐energy structure of proteins and close to that found in amyloid fibrils. Coating a synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene membrane with multiple layers of egg white decreased oxygen diffusion by 50 % per layer with a total decrease of almost 100 % for four layers.
Properties of Sizeable [n]Cycloparaphenylenes as Molecular Models of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes Elucidated by Raman Spectroscopy: Structural and Electron‐Transfer Responses under Mechanical Stress
Authors: Alvarez Miriam Peña , Burrezo Paula Mayorga , Kertesz Miklos , Iwamoto Takahiro , Yamago Shigeru , Xia Jianlong , Jasti Ramesh , Navarrete Juan T. López , Taravillo Mercedes , Baonza Valentín G. , Casado Juan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract[n]Cycloparaphenylenes behave as molecular templates of “perfectly chemically defined” single‐wall carbon nanotubes. These [n]CPP molecules have electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties in size correspondence with their giant congeners. Under mechanical stress, they form charge‐transfer salts, or complexes with fullerene, by one‐electron concave–convex electron transfer.
Pharmacophore Reassignment for Induction of the Immunosurveillance Cytokine TRAIL
Authors: Jacob Nicholas T. , Lockner Jonathan W. , Kravchenko Vladimir V. , Janda Kim D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an immunosurveillance cytokine that kills cancer cells but demonstrates little toxicity against normal cells. While investigating the TRAIL‐inducing imidazolinopyrimidinone TIC10, a misassignment of its active structure was uncovered. Syntheses of the two isomers, corresponding to the published and reassigned structures, are reported. The ability of each to induce TRAIL expression in macrophages was investigated and it was found that only the compound corresponding to the reassigned structure shows the originally reported activity; the compound corresponding to the published structure is inactive. Importantly, this structural reassignment has furnished a previously unknown antitumor pharmacophore.
Anion‐Coordination‐Induced Turn‐On Fluorescence of an Oligourea‐Functionalized Tetraphenylethene in a Wide Concentration Range
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yang Dong , Zhao Yanxia , Yang Xiao‐Juan , Wang Yao‐Yu , Wu Biao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA tetrakis(bisurea)‐decorated tetraphenylethene (TPE) ligand (L2) was designed, which, upon coordination with phosphate ions, displays fluorescence “turn‐on” over a wide concentration range, from dilute to concentrated solutions and to the solid state. The fluorescence enhancement can be attributed to the restriction of the intramolecular rotation of TPE by anion coordination. The crystal structure of the A4L2 (A=anion) complex of L2 with monohydrogen phosphate provides direct evidence for the coordination mode of the anion. This “anion‐coordination‐induced emission” (ACIE) is another approach for fluorescence turn‐on in addition to aggregation‐induced emission (AIE).
Triazine‐Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Two‐Dimensional Semiconductor
Authors: Algara‐Siller Gerardo , Severin Nikolai , Chong Samantha Y. , Björkman Torbjörn , Palgrave Robert G. , Laybourn Andrea , Antonietti Markus , Khimyak Yaroslav Z. , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Rabe Jürgen P. , Kaiser Ute , Cooper Andrew I. , Thomas Arne , Bojdys Michael J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride has been predicted to be structurally analogous to carbon‐only graphite, yet with an inherent bandgap. We have grown, for the first time, macroscopically large crystalline thin films of triazine‐based, graphitic carbon nitride (TGCN) using an ionothermal, interfacial reaction starting with the abundant monomer dicyandiamide. The films consist of stacked, two‐dimensional (2D) crystals between a few and several hundreds of atomic layers in thickness. Scanning force and transmission electron microscopy show long‐range, in‐plane order, while optical spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations corroborate a direct bandgap between 1.6 and 2.0 eV. Thus TGCN is of interest for electronic devices, such as field‐effect transistors and light‐emitting diodes.
Mild Copper‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Alkyl Triflates with Potassium Fluoride
Authors: Dang Hester , Mailig Melrose , Lalic Gojko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA chemoselective catalytic fluorination of alkyl triflates is described using potassium fluoride as a fluoride source. Excellent yields of the desired alkyl fluorides are obtained after one hour at 45 °C using 2 mol % of the copper catalyst. With 10 mol % of the catalyst, full conversion can be achieved in less than 10 minutes at 45 °C, and thus makes this procedure potentially suited for the preparation of 18F‐labeled PET probes. As a result of the mild reaction conditions, only the substitution products are observed with no evidence of common side reactions, such as elimination. Reported is a preliminary study of the reaction scope, which demonstrates that the fluorination can be performed in the presence of a wide range of functional groups. Evidence suggests an unusual role of the [IPrCuOTf] catalyst as a phase‐transfer catalyst and points to [IPrCuF] as the active fluorinating reagent (IPr=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene).
Ultrathin WS2 Nanoflakes as a High‐Performance Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cheng Liang , Huang Wenjing , Gong Qiufang , Liu Changhai , Liu Zhuang , Li Yanguang , Dai Hongjie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMuch has been done to search for highly efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which is critical to a range of electrochemical and photoelectrochemical processes. A new, high‐temperature solution‐phase method for the synthesis of ultrathin WS2 nanoflakes is now reported. The resulting product possesses monolayer thickness with dimensions in the nanometer range and abundant edges. These favorable structural features render the WS2 nanoflakes highly active and durable catalysts for the HER in acids. The catalyst exhibits a small HER overpotential of approximately 100 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV/decade. These ultrathin WS2 nanoflakes represent an attractive alternative to the precious platinum benchmark catalyst and rival MoS2 materials that have recently been heavily scrutinized for the electrocatalytic HER.
Synthesis, Discovery, and Quantitation of Dihomo‐Isofurans: Biomarkers for In Vivo Adrenic Acid Peroxidation
Authors: de La Torre Aurélien , Lee Yiu Yiu , Oger Camille , Sangild Per Torp , Durand Thierry , Lee Jetty Chung‐Yung , Galano Jean‐Marie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe growing importance of lipidomics, and the interest of non‐enzymatic metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) prompted us to initiate the synthesis of novel dihomo‐IsoF compounds. Such metabolites of adrenic acid, the main PUFA in white matter, were synthesized using a divergent approach based on an orthoester cyclization. LC‐MS/MS investigation on pig brains showed the potential of this novel biomarker for the first time, as a powerful new tool for brain lipid peroxidation assessment.