bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanoreceptor Re-innervation Following Allograft versus Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Dragoo Jason L. , Valladares Roberto , Young Simon W. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: Functional instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is due to both loss of mechanical restraint, and loss of proprioception that restricts the ability of coordinated muscle activity to compensate and stabilize the knee joint. This lack of coordinated muscle control is thought to be due to diminished or absent sensory feedback from the ACL mechanoreceptors to the neuromuscular system. Clinical, motor and proprioceptive function is known to improve following ACL reconstruction but does not return to normal. While histological studies of human ACL allografts have been unable to demonstrate mechanoreceptor re-innervation, animal data suggests re-innervation occurs when an autograft is used. The aim of this study was to compare the presence or absence of mechanoreceptors in allograft versus autograft in following ACL reconstruction in humans. Methods: Eleven patients with previous ACL reconstruction presenting for either revision ACL surgery or knee arthroscopy for other reasons were enrolled in a prospective, comparative study. Six patients had a previous autograft ACL and five patients had an allograft. In the case of revision patients, the previous ACL graft tissue was excised within 6 weeks of ligament rupture, and in arthroscopy patients 2mm biopsies of the ACL graft were taken from the tibial and femoral insertions. ACL tissue was also taken from 2 additional patients within 6 weeks following acute primary ACL rupture as a control. The specimens were fixed with 10% buffered formalin solution and frozen section was performed. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and monoclonal antibodies against S-100 and neurofilament protein (NFP). Immunohistochemical examination was performed using Freeman and Wyke's criteria to morphologically classify mechanoreceptors. Results: Ruffini corpuscles and free nerve endings were shown to be present in the specimens of the control group. Histological examination for mechanoreceptors for six patients with previous autografts and five patients with previous allografts were compared. The average time between original graft and biopsy was 10.7 years (range 0.5 ### 27). There were significantly more mechanoreceptors visible in control (native) ACL tissue than graft tissue. Conclusion: We present comparative data demonstrating reduced concentration of mechanoreceptors in ACL grafts compared to native ACL tissue. This may explain the continued proprioceptive deficit known to exist even following ACL reconstruction.
Donor-Site Recovery after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Contralateral Autogenous Patellar-Tendon Graft
Authors: Shelbourne K. Donald , Beck Matthew B. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To evaluate the recovery of the donor site after ACL-reconstruction with a contralateral autogenous patellar tendon graft as compared with an ipsilateral graft. Specifically, we compared the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores between groups and compared to established normative data. Furthermore we evaluated quadriceps muscle strength between surgery groups. Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, 279 patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with an autogenous patellar tendon graft from the contralateral knee met the inclusion criteria of unilateral knee involvement, no evidence of arthritic changes preoperatively, and minimum 2 year follow-up objective and subjective evaluations. A control group was obtained of 58 patients who had the same inclusion criteria, were of the same age, but underwent surgery with ipsilateral graft. Patients underwent a goal-directed and sequential postoperative rehabilitation program that emphasized controlling a hemarthrosis, obtaining full knee range of motion as soon as possible after surgery, increasing leg strength, and functional activities to return patients back to sports. The rehabilitation for the contralateral donor site emphasized high repetition/low resistance exercises beginning the day after surgery to reconstitute the patellar tendon size and strength. IKDC subjective data was compared between surgery groups and established normative data. Quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated in both knees compared to the pre-operative values obtained in the non-involved knee; strength between knees at 2 years postoperatively was also evaluated. Results: When comparing quadriceps muscle strength to its pre-operative baseline value, the ipsilateral control group that had statistically significantly less strength in the ACL-reconstructed knee at 105% ± 29% compared with the contralateral group that had 114% ± 28.4% strength in the donor knee ( P < .01) and 116% ± 25% strength in the ACL-reconstructed knee ( P = .0339). When side-to-side strength was evaluated at 2 years post-operatively, the contralateral group had 98.4% ± 13.6% quadriceps muscle strength compared with 92.9% ± 13.0% in the ipsilateral control group ( P < .01). The mean total IKDC scores obtained at the 2-year follow-up was 92.4 ± 9.6 for contralateral donor-knee, 88.8 ± 12.3 in the contralateral ACL-reconstructed knee, and 88.9 ± 11.2 for the control group ACL-reconstructed knee (p=0.960). There was also no statistical significant differences between groups for any of the IKDC sub-scores or total score (All P-values >.136; Table 1). The mean IKDC scores compared with established normative data of noninjured people of the same age and sex showed no large effect size differences between groups. Conclusion: With proper rehabilitation after surgery, use of a contralateral bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft with ACL reconstruction does not cause unresolved donor-site strength loss or subjective symptoms.
Asymmetric Knee Kinematics And Kinetics After ACL Reconstruction In Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Milewski Matthew David , Ounpuu Sylvia , Nissen Carl W. , Garibay Erin J. , Giampetruzzi Nicholas , Suprenant Danielle , Woods Jessica R. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: To compare the kinematics and kinetics between the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament (ACLR) and healthy knees of adolescent athletes that have been returned to sport (RTS) following standard protocols. Methods: Adolescent athletes completed our institution’s RTS assessment which included the following tasks: running, drop vertical jump (DVJ), single leg long hop (SLLH), triple hop (TH) and cross-over triple hop (CTH), while simultaneous three-dimensional motion capture was performed using a VICON MX motion capture system (Vicon Motion Systems Inc., Los Angeles, CA) and three force platforms (AMTI, Advanced Medical Technology Inc, Watertown, MA) following standard techniques. The sagittal knee kinematics, internal moments and powers of a patient’s ACLR knee were compared to their uninjured knee during the landing phase of each task. Asymmetry was defined as differences greater than 10% between the ACLR and uninjured knee. Results: At the time of the evaluation, 10 of 16 patients (three females and seven males, mean age 15.4 ±1.8 years old) were allowed to RTS following institutional guidelines. All patients were at least 6 months post ACL reconstruction. Motion analysis showed the ACLR knee had a greater than 10% deficit for peak knee flexion in running, SLLH, TH and CTH for 5/10, 7/10, 5/10 and 6/10 patients, respectively. The ACLR knee also had a greater than 10% deficit for peak knee extensor moment in running, DVJ, SLLH, TH and CTH for 7/10, 7/10, 7/10, 7/10 and 7/10 patients, respectively. The ACLR knee also had a greater than 10% deficit for peak power absorption in running, DVJ, SLLH, TH and CTH for 6/10, 6/10, 5/10, 6/10 and 6/10 patients, respectively. Paired Student T-tests showed statistically significant differences between the ACLR knee and the uninjured knee for selected variables in running, DVJ, SLLH, TH and CTH (Table 1). Conclusion: Athletes in this study showed frequent asymmetry (greater than 10% deficit on the ACLR side) in knee kinematics and kinetics during running, jumping and hopping after RTS approval following standard assessments. Mean peak knee flexion, moment and power values, were lower on the ACLR side in running and all jumps and statistically significantly lower on the ACLR side in 9/15 comparisons. The reduced peak knee extensor moment and power absorption computed on the ACLR knee in comparison to the healthy knee during these functional tasks may predispose the healthy knee to injury due to continued higher loads or predispose the ACLR knee to increased weakness over time due to continued decreased loads. Long-term follow-up to evaluate whether these asymmetries continue to increase may help explain increased ACL re-rupture or contralateral ACL injury rates in this population. If these asymmetries in kinematics and kinetics link to possible injury risk, RTS decision-making may benefit from knowledge of these objective measures.
Smoking Increases the Risk of Early Meniscus Repair Failure
Authors: Blackwell Ryan , Schmitt Laura , Flanigan David C. , Magnussen Robert A. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: Meniscus tears are among the most common surgically treated knee injuries. Numerous studies have demonstrated increased risk of the development of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis following meniscus loss, leading surgeons to attempt to repair and preserve the meniscus whenever possible. Tear location and morphology, knee stability, the performance of a concurrent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and patient age have in various studies been correlated with risk of repair failure. While smoking has been demonstrated to in orthopaedics to impair wound healing, fracture union, and spinal fusion; there are no studies in the literature evaluating the effect of smoking on meniscus repair. We hypothesize that smoking is associated with increased risk of meniscus repair failure, defined as performance of a subsequent partial meniscectomy following initial meniscus repair. Methods: Patients who underwent meniscus repair by two surgeons at a single center between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively identified through chart review. Patient demographics and smoking status were documented. Each smoking patient was subsequently matched to a nonsmoking using patient who underwent meniscus repair in the same period by age (within 5 years), sex, and whether a concurrent ACL reconstruction was performed. Matching was performed without knowledge of outcome. Further chart review was subsequently undertaken to identify whether a subsequent meniscectomy was performed in the same compartment during the follow-up period. Meniscectomy risk was compared between smokers and nonsmokers using McNemar's test. Results: Chart review identified 68 smokers who underwent meniscus repair during the study period. The group included 43 males (63.2%), had a mean age of 29.0 ± 8.5 years, and included 49 patients (72.1%) who underwent concurrent ACL reconstruction. The matched group of nonsmokers included 43 males (63.2%), had a mean age of 29.2 ± 8.3 years, and included 49 patients (72.1%) who underwent concurrent ACL reconstruction. At a mean follow-up of 15 months, subsequent partial meniscectomy was performed in 16 smokers (23.5%) and 7 nonsmokers (10.3%) (p = 0.029). The relative risk of subsequent partial meniscectomy in smokers relative to nonsmokers was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.07 to 4.90). Conclusion: After controlling for age, sex, and concurrent ACL reconstruction, current smokers were significantly more likely to undergo meniscectomy in the first 15 months following meniscus repair. Further study is necessary to confirm these findings and determine the impact of other factors such as tear location and morphology, meniscal repair technique, and activity level on the findings.
Prospective Evaluation Of Meniscal Allograft Transplantation Revision: A Minimum Of 2-year Follow-up
Authors: Chalmers Peter Nissen , Yanke Adam Blair , Frank Rachel M. , Cole Brian J. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: Meniscus transplantation (MTx) demonstrates improved clinical outcomes up to 10 years postoperatively in patient with symptomatic meniscal deficiency; however, a subset of patients develop recurrent symptoms secondary to re-injury or meniscus degeneration.In selected patients we have performed revision MTx (RMTx) for clinical failure after primary MTx, herein we report the outcomes of this procedure. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on a consecutive series of patients who underwent RMTx by the senior author was performed. The pre-operative and more recent follow-up data for the following scoring systems were analyzed for significance using pairwise comparisons: Lysholm score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), International Knee Documentation Committee Score, Short Form quality of life score (SF-12), and visual analogue scale for satisfaction. Radiographs were obtained pre-operatively and at final follow-up. Results: Eleven patients met inclusion criteria, of which three were lost to follow up. The remaining patients included three males five females with a mean age of 31.6±10.2 years with five lateral and three medial menisci involved. The average time to revision from the index procedure was 3.45±2.52years (1.2-9 years). Mean follow up after RMTx was 3.83±1.3 years (2-5.85 year). Three patients (two lateral and one median menisci) described a new traumatic event that incited their symptoms. On average there was 0.20±1.0 mm of joint space narrowing in the affected compartment at final follow-up as compared to pre-operatively. Concomitant procedures included ACL reconstruction, revision OA graft, distal femoral osteotomy, and high tibial osteotomy. One patient progressed to arthroplasty, otherwise there were no re-operations. Six were mostly satisfied, two were completely satisfied, and subjective satisfaction was 7.6 on a ten-point scale. Seven of eight reported that they would have surgery again. All validated outcome measures were unchanged except for symptom rate which was significantly improved (p=0.011). Conclusion: RMTx is a reasonable option for select patients that are young and active, planning to continue an active lifestyle.
Prospective Comparative Study of ACL Reconstruction Between Using Hamstring Autograft and Soft Tissue Allograft
Authors: Song Eun Kyoo , Seon Jong Keun , Kim Hasung 
Published: August 2014

Objectives: Nowadays, two most commonly used grafts in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are hamstring autograft and soft tissue allograft. Although the short-term clinical outcomes between two grafts were similar, only a few studies reported mid-term clinical outcomes. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare clinical outcomes of ACL reconstruction between using hamstring autograft and soft tissue allograft after mid-term follow-up. Methods: One-hundred sixty-one patients that underwent ACL reconstruction (78 in the hamstring group and 83 in the fresh frozen soft tissue (tibialis anterior) allograft) were followed up for a minimum of 4 years.We compared clinical outcomes (IKDC scores and Tegner activity scores, and Lachman and pivot shift test findings) For the radiologic evaluation, we determined the degree of osteoarthritis based on Kellgren and Lawrence grade system at the time of final follow-up and compared the number of patient with progression of osteoarthritis more than grade I. The muscle strength and position sense using iso-kinetic dynamometer was compared at the final follow-up. We also compared complication rate including graft failures and infection during the follow-up. Among them, we did the 2nd-look arthroscopies to evaluate the partial rupture and extent of synovial coverage on grafts for 27 patients in each group. Results: Stability results of the Lachman test, pivot-shift test, and knee joint laxity test failed to reveal any significant inter-group differences (P > 0.05). In the pivot-shift result, autograft group showed 7 cases of grade II and allograft group11 cases of grade II (p=0.09). The clinical outcomes, including Lysholm knee and Tegner activity scores, showed no significant differences between the two groups. Concerning osteoarthritis at the final follow-up, seven patients in the autograft group and eight patients in the allograft group progressed osteoarthritis more than one Kellgren-Lawrence grade at final follow-up (P=0.82). Moreover, extension and flexion muscle power deficits and position sense were similar in both groups. However, the complications were more in allograft group (5 failures and 2 infection in the allograft group and 2 failures and no infection in the autograft group) during the follow-up (P = 0.06). We observed the less partial rupture and better synovial coverage of graft in autograft than allograft under 2nd look arthroscopic findings. Conclusion: Although hamstring autograft and soft tissue allograft ACL reconstruction showed similar functional and radiological outcomes after mid-term follow-up, hamstring autograft group showed fewer complications including failure and better arthroscopic findings compared with soft tissue allograft group.
SOX11 promotes tumor angiogenesis through transcriptional regulation of PDGFA in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Palomero Jara , Vegliante Maria Carmela , Rodríguez Marta Leonor , Eguileor Álvaro , Castellano Giancarlo , Planas-Rigol Ester , Jares Pedro , Ribera-Cortada Inmaculada , Cid Maria C. , Campo Elias , Amador Virginia 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
SOX11 mediates regulation of angiogenesis via the PDGFA signaling pathway in MCL. SOX11-dependent increased angiogenesis contributes to a more aggressive MCL phenotype.
CEACAM2 negatively regulates hemi (ITAM-bearing) GPVI and CLEC-2 pathways and thrombus growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Alshahrani Musaed M. , Yang Eunice , Yip Jana , Ghanem Simona S. , Abdallah Simon L. , deAngelis Anthony M. , O’Malley Cindy J. , Moheimani Fatemeh , Najjar Sonia M. , Jackson Denise E. 
Published: August 2014

Key PointsCEACAM2 is a novel platelet immunoreceptor. CEACAM2 negatively regulates platelet-collagen interactions and thrombus growth and stability in vitro, in vivo and CLEC-2 pathways.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: clinicopathological profile and challenges of management in a resource-limited setting
Authors: Jaka Hyasinta , Mshana Stephen E , Rambau Peter F , Masalu Nestory , Chalya Phillipo L , Kalluvya Samuel E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide and its incidence is reported to be increasing in resource-limited countries. There is a paucity of published data regarding hepatocellular carcinoma in Tanzania, and the study area in particular. This study describes the clinicopathological profile of hepatocellular carcinoma in our local setting and highlights the challenging problems in the management of this disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of histopathologically confirmed cases of hepatocellular carcinoma seen at Bugando Medical Center between March 2009 and February 2013.ResultsA total of 142 patients (M: F = 2.2: 1) were studied representing 4.6% of all malignancies. The median age of patients was 45 years. Hepatitis B virus infection (66.2%) and heavy alcohol consumption (60.6%) were the most frequently identified risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma. The majority of patients (88.0%) presented late with advanced stages. HBsAg was positive in 66.2% of the patients and Hepatitis C Virus antibody in 16.9%. Thirteen (9.2%) patients tested positive for HIV infection. Most patients (52.8%) had both right and left lobe involvement. The trabecular pattern (47.9%) was the most frequent histopathological type. None of patients had curative therapy because of the advanced nature of the disease. Coagulopathy (45.7%) was the most common complications. The overall mortality rate was 46.5% and it was significantly associated with comorbidity, HIV positivity, CD4+ count <200 cells/μl, high histological grade, advanced stage of the tumor, presence of distant metastases at the time of diagnosis, and associated complications (P < 0.001). The overall median duration of hospital stay was 14 days. The majority of patients (71.1%) were lost to follow-up at the end of the follow-up period.ConclusionsHepatocellular carcinoma patients in this region are relatively young at diagnosis and the majority of them present late with an advanced stage and high rate of distant metastasis. Lack of awareness of the disease, poor accessibility to healthcare facilities, and lack of screening programs in this region may contribute to advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. There is a need for early detection, adequate treatment, and proper follow-up to improve treatment outcome.
Error concealment algorithm using inter-view correlation for multi-view video
Authors: Kuan Yuan-Kai , Li Gwo-Long , Chen Mei-Juan , Tai Kuang-Han , Huang Pin-Cheng 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes an error concealment algorithm for whole frame loss for multi-view video decoding. In our proposal, the relationship between motion vectors and disparity vectors is exploited first. Based on the parallelogram-like motion relationship, the motion vectors of error frames can be indirectly derived by projecting the disparity vectors from the counterpart view. In addition, to further improve the concealing results, a joint sum of the absolute difference (SAD) minimization approach is also proposed to find the block for the purpose of concealing the current error block by jointly considering motion vectors and disparity vectors. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm provides better video quality than previous work and reduces error propagation.
Peroxidase activity in scutella of maize in association with anatomical changes during germination and grain storage
Authors: Corona-Carrillo José Isaac , Flores-Ponce Mitzi , Chávez-Nájera Gerardo , Díaz-Pontones David Manuel 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The embryo of the maize grain (Zea mays L.) is separated from the starchy endosperm by a fibrous structure, which is called the fibrous layer (FL). Using histochemical staining, it was determined that the FL is composed of collapsed cellular layers that contain phenols, neutral lipids, and 1,3-β-glucan. Due to its composition, the FL prevents free diffusion and separates the embryo from the endosperm during germination. Twenty-four hours after imbibition, the scutellum epidermis initiated a series of asynchronous spatial modifications, including cell growth, the perforation of cell walls, increased peroxidase activity in the apoplastic space, and elevated levels of superoxide, phenols, and other components that interact with the fibrous layer, enabling its transformation in addition to the free flow between compartments. During storage at high relative humidity levels, which leads to fast or slow deterioration depending on the temperature, the activity of phenol peroxidase in the scutellum was associated with a loss of vigor and reduced germination capacity when compared with low temperature and low relative humidity conditions. Such deterioration is associated with alterations in autofluorescent emissions from endogenous compounds in the scutellum, indicating changes in the microenvironment or in the differential proportions of epidermal and FL components.