bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interconnected, microporous hollow fibers for tissue engineering: Commercially relevant, industry standard scale‐up manufacturing
Authors: Tuin Stephen A. , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Loboa Elizabeth G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSignificant progress has been achieved in the field of tissue engineering to create functional tissue using biomimetic three‐dimensional scaffolds that support cell growth, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production. However, many of these constructs are severely limited by poor nutrient diffusion throughout the tissue‐engineered construct, resulting in cell death and tissue necrosis at the core. Nutrient transport can be improved by creation and use of scaffolds with hollow and microporous fibers, significantly improving permeability and nutrient diffusion. The purpose of this review is to highlight current technological advances in the fabrication of hollow fibers with interconnected pores throughout the fiber walls, with specific emphasis on developing hollow porous nonwoven fabrics for use as tissue engineering constructs via industry standard processing technologies: Spunbond processing and polymer melt extrusion. We outline current methodologies to create hollow and microporous scaffolds with the aim of translating that knowledge to the production of such fibers into nonwoven tissue engineering scaffolds via spunbond technology, a commercially relevant and viable melt extrusion manufacturing approach that allows for facile scale‐up. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3311–3323, 2014.
Synthesis of New Types of N‐Arylpiperazine Phosphoramide Analogues of Chrysin
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Lan , Li Xi‐Yong , Yuan Jin‐Wei , Qu Zhi‐Bo , Jiang Yu‐Qin , Qu Ling‐Bo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSeveral N‐arylpiperazine phosphoramide analogues of chrysin are synthesized through a facile phosphorylated reaction for the first time. Their structures are elucidated by NMR, ESI MS, IR and Element analysis. The results showed that the phosphorylation action occurred regioselectively only at the hydroxyl group of 7 position of chrysin.
One‐Pot, Three‐Component Condensation of Aldehydes, 2‐Naphthol and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Mo Li‐Ping , Chen Hong‐Li 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA practical and efficient procedure for the one‐pot multicomponent couping of aryl aldehydes, 2‐naphthol and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using perchloric acid adsorbed on silica gel (HClO4‐SiO2) as a highly efficient, inexpensive, convenient, reusable heterogeneous catalyst under solvent‐free conditions has been developed. Various biologically important 12‐aryl‐8,9,10,12‐tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen‐11‐one derivatives have been efficiently synthesized in high to excellent yields. The present approach offers several advantages such as shorter reaction times, simple work‐up, excellent yields, low cost, and mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst can be recovered simply and reused without appreciable loss of its catalytic activity.
A Monomer‐Micelle Model for the Formation of Simple Taurocholate Micelles
Authors: Yang June‐Wen , Higuchi William I. , Chiang Huey‐Jenn , Liu Chen‐Lun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA kinetic dialysis technique was used to validate a relationship between monomer taurocholate (TC) concentration and total TC concentration in TC solutions containing 0.15 M NaCl and 0.01 M buffer (pH = 7.4). Based on the experimental data and Mukerjee's equations, the number average degree and the weight average degree of TC aggregates were estimated to be nearly the same (∼5), indicating that simple TC micelles were the only aggregates. Furthermore, the TC dimer concentration was quantified to be negligible. According to the validated relationship, aggregation number of 5 for simple TC micelles, and the definition of critical micelle concentration (CMC), a modified monomer‐micelle model was used for describing simple TC micelle formation. Moreover, the CMC value was estimated to be ∼6.3 mM, which is consistent with the reported value of ∼6.0 mM.
Analytical Applications of 2,6‐Diacetylpyridine‐bis‐4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone (2,6‐DAPBPTSC): Determination of Cd(II) in Foods and Water Samples
Authors: Reddy S. Adinarayana , Reddy K. Janardhan , Reddy A. Varada 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo the determination of trace amount of Cd(II) present in food and water samples, a selective and extractive spectrophotometric method were developed with 2,6‐diacetylpyridine‐bis‐4‐phenyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone as a complexing agent. The yellowish orange colored metal complex, Cd(II)‐2,6‐DAPBPTSC with 1:1 (M:L) composition was extracted in to cyclohexanol at pH 9.5 and was shows maximum absorbance at λmax 390 nm. This method obeys Beer's law in the range of 1.12‐11.25 ppm with 0.972 correlation coefficient of Cd(II)‐2,6‐DAPBPTSC complex, which is indicates linearity between the two variables. The molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity were found to be 6.088 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0018 μg cm−2, respectively. The instability constant calculated from Asmus' method (1.447 × 10−4)at room temperature. The precision and accuracy of the method were checked by relative standard deviation (n = 5), 0.929 and its detection limit, 0.0060 μg mL−1. The interfering effects of various cations and anions were also studied. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) in foods and water samples, and was evaluated its performance in terms of Student ‘t’ test and Variance ‘f’ test, which indicates the significance of present method. The inter comparison of the experimental values, using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), was also repoted.
Antibacterial Constituents from Isodon Excisoides
Authors: He Zhi‐An , Lu Guang‐Zhou , Zhu Lin‐Lin , Wang Yong‐Xue , Yan Fu‐Lin , Zhang Ji‐Xia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTwo new ent‐kaurane diterpenoids, taihangexcisoidesin C (1) and its acetonide, taihangexcisoidesin D (2), along with 9 known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Isodon excisoides. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy analysis. Compounds 3‐6 and 8‐9 were tested for their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. Compound 6 showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus MIC values 32, 16 and 16 μg/mL, respectively. All of the compounds didn't show effects on Escherichia coli (MIC > 10 mg/mL).
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Semicarbazides and 1,2,4‐Triazol‐5‐Ones Containing Thiophene Moieties
Authors: Pitucha Monika , Olender Alina , Wujec Monika , Borowski Piotr , Mardarowicz Marek 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, some 3‐(thiophen‐2‐ylmethyl)‐4‐substituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one derivatives were synthesized by the cyclization reaction of 1‐(thiophen‐2‐ylacetyl)‐4‐substituted semicarbazide derivatives in alkaline medium or in the immediate reaction of thiophen‐2‐yl‐acetic acid hydrazide with isocyanates. The structures of all new compounds were confirmed by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Selected derivatives were evaluated in vitro against several species of aerobic bacteria. Some of them showed activity against S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
Apparent diffusion coefficient measurements as very early predictive markers of response to chemotherapy in hepatic metastasis: A preliminary investigation of reproducibility and diagnostic value
Authors: Deckers Filip , De Foer Bert , Van Mieghem François , Botelberge Thomas , Weytjens Reinhilde , Padhani Anwar , Pouillon Marc 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the reproducibility and diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as an early predictor of response to chemotherapy of liver metastasis in routine clinical practice.Materials and MethodsA prospective study of 20 patients with histologically proven primary tumors with liver metastases was undertaken. Diffusion weighted MRI was performed twice before and 12–14 days after the start of treatment. Absolute and liver normalized ADC values were calculated. Bland Altman statistics were used to assess the reproducibility of ADC change for predicting lesion response as measured by RECIST.ResultsNineteen of 31 metastases responded. Significant increases in absolute and normalized ADC values were found in responding (mean +208.7 × 10−6 m2/s and +18% respectively, both P < 0.001) compared with nonresponding lesions (mean +98.6 × 10−6 m2/s and 2%, respectively, P = 0.09 and 0.519). Reproducibility was better using normalized ADC compared with absolute ADC values (within patient coefficient of variability 8.0% and 10.1%, respectively). Using the repeatability threshold of ±22.3% for normalized ADC, only 8 of 19 responding and all but one nonresponding lesions could be prospectively detected.ConclusionIncreases in ADC values in responding liver metastases occurred within days after the start of chemotherapy but were of smaller magnitude than the variability of ADC measurement. These preliminary data suggest that the presently used technique is not reliable enough to predict final response at such an early time point in individual lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:448–456. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Apoptotic mediators in patients with severe and non‐severe dengue from Brazil
Authors: Limonta Daniel , Torrentes‐Carvalho Amanda , Marinho Cíntia Ferreira , de Azeredo Elzinandes Leal , de Souza Luiz José , Motta‐Castro Ana Rita C. , da Cunha Rivaldo Venâncio , Kubelka Claire Fernandes , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , de‐Oliveira‐Pinto Luzia Maria 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDespite being the most significant arboviral disease worldwide, dengue has no antiviral treatment or reliable severity predictors. It has been shown that apoptotic cells from blood and tissues may be involved in the complex pathogenesis of dengue. However, very little is known about the interplay between proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mediators in this disease. Therefore, plasma levels of the three proapoptotic mediators Fas ligand (FasL), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) were measured in dengue patients. Patients were classified according to the World Health Organization classification of dengue revised in 2009. Additionally, inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAPs) were determined in plasma (Survivin) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) lysates (cIAP‐1, cIAP‐2, XIAP). Levels of apoptotic proteins in plasma were correlated with counts of blood cells. FasL and TRAIL levels were elevated in dengue patients without warning signs when compared to patients with severe dengue and controls. Dengue patients with warning signs showed decreased levels of Survivin compared to patients with severe dengue and controls. TRAIL was inversely correlated with counts of lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, Survivin was positively correlated with leukocyte counts. There was a trend of elevated IAPs levels in PBMCs of patients with severe dengue. The results suggest a likely antiviral effect of TRAIL in dengue. It appears that TRAIL might be involved with apoptosis induction of lymphocytes, whereas IAPs might participate in protecting leukocytes from apoptosis. Further research is needed to explore the interactions between pro and antiapoptotic molecules and their implications in dengue pathogenesis. J. Med. Virol. 86:1437–1447, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sequence analysis of diamine oxidase gene from fava bean and its expression related to γ‐aminobutyric acid accumulation in seeds germinating under hypoxia‐NaCl stress
Authors: Yang Runqiang , Yin Yongqi , Guo Liping , Han Yongbin , Gu Zhenxin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is synthesized via the polyamine degradation pathway in plants, with diamine oxidase (DAO) being the key enzyme. In this study the cDNA of DAO in fava bean was cloned and its expression in seeds germinating under hypoxia‐NaCl stress was investigated.RESULTSFava bean DAO cDNA is 2199 bp long and contains 2025 bp of open reading frame that encodes 675 amino acid peptides with a calculated molecular weight of 76.31 kDa and a pI of 5.41. Hypoxia and hypoxia‐NaCl stress enhanced DAO activity and resulted in GABA accumulation in germinating fava bean. However, DAO gene expression was down‐regulated under hypoxia compared with non‐stress condition, while its expression in the cotyledon and shoot was up‐regulated under hypoxia‐NaCl. In addition, DAO expression could be promoted to enhance GABA accumulation after increasing the stress intensity using NaCl. DAO gene expression was significantly inhibited by aminoguanidine treatment under hypoxia but increased under hypoxia‐NaCl.CONCLUSIONUnder hypoxia, GABA accumulation due to NaCl was mainly concentrated in the cotyledon. The GABA content increase under hypoxia did not result from DAO gene expression, but DAO existing in seeds was activated under hypoxia. DAO gene expression was up‐regulated to enhance GABA accumulation after increasing the stress intensity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The Breeding Exemption in Patent Law: Analysis of Compliance With Article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement
Authors: Prifti Viola 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe breeding exemption limits the right of patent holders by allowing plant breeders to use freely patented biological material for creating new plant variety types. Three European countries, France, Germany, and Switzerland, have already adopted this type of exemption into their patent laws, and the Netherlands is expected to amend its patent law by 2013. The debate in the Netherlands included the introduction of a “comprehensive breeding exemption” as well, that is an exemption that allows the commercialization of plant varieties containing patented elements. The proposal for amendments to patent law did not go unnoticed. The industry itself raised concerns with respect to the compliance of patent exceptions with the European directive on the legal protection of biological inventions (98/44/EC) and the TRIPS Agreement. Being all European Union (EU) countries signatories of the TRIPS Agreement, the EU directive provisions reflect the ratio and voluntas legis of TRIPS. Thus this paper focuses on article 30 of the TRIPS Agreement, the only provision that explicitly provides for exceptions to patent rights at international level. In this context, the analysis aims at proffering a solution to the high legal uncertainty characterizing the debate on patent exceptions for the plant‐breeding sector.
A new derivation of the logistic distribution
Authors: Dubey Satya D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLogistic distribution is widely used in describing biological, engineering, industrial, and various other types of data. In this paper it is shown that this distribution is a special case of a compound generalized extreme value distribution which is derived by compounding a generalized extreme value distribution with a gamma distribution. The paper contains several useful results relevant to these distribution functions.
A heuristic routine for solving large loading problems
Authors: Fisk John C. , Hung Ming S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe loading problem involves the optimal allocation of n objects, each having a specified weight and value, to m boxes, each of specified capacity. While special cases of these problems can be solved with relative ease, the general problem having variable item weights and box sizes can become very difficult to solve. This paper presents a heuristic procedure for solving large loading problems of the more general type. The procedure uses a surrogate procedure for reducing the original problem to a simpler knapsack problem, the solution of which is then employed in searching for feasible solutions to the original problem. The procedure is easy to apply, and is capable of identifying optimal solutions if they are found.
Emergence of FGFR family gene fusions as therapeutic targets in a wide spectrum of solid tumours
Authors: Parker Brittany C , Engels Manon , Annala Matti , Zhang Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe emergence of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family fusions across diverse cancers has brought attention to FGFR‐derived cancer therapies. The discovery of the first recurrent FGFR fusion in glioblastoma was followed by discoveries of FGFR fusions in bladder, lung, breast, thyroid, oral, and prostate cancers. Drug targeting of FGFR fusions has shown promising results and should soon be translating into clinical trials. FGFR fusions form as a result of various mechanisms – predominantly deletion for FGFR1, translocation for FGFR2, and tandem duplication for FGFR3. The ability to exploit the unique targetability of FGFR fusions proves that FGFR‐derived therapies could have a promising future in cancer therapeutics. Drug targeting of fusion genes has proven to be an extremely effective therapeutic approach for cancers such as the recurrent BCR–ABL1 fusion in chronic myeloid leukaemia. The recent discovery of recurrent FGFR family fusions in several cancer types has brought to attention the unique therapeutic potential for FGFR‐positive patients. Understanding the diverse mechanisms of FGFR fusion formation and their oncogenic potential will shed light on the impact of FGFR‐derived therapy in the future. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the bulkiness of the substituent on the aggregation and magnetic properties of poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s
Authors: Peeters Helmuth , Jivanescu Mihaela , Stesmans André , Pereira Lino M. C. , Dillemans Leander , Locquet Jean‐Pierre , Van Bael Margriet J. , Persoons André , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA series of poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3ATs) (P1–P5) has been synthesized via a Ni(dppp)‐mediated polymerization, varying the bulkiness of the alkyl side chains in order to investigate the influence of the bulkiness of the alkyl substituent on the aggregation and magnetic properties of P3ATs. UV–Vis spectroscopy, performed in solution as well as in film, shows that the stacking of the polymers becomes more complicated as the bulkiness of the side chains increases. Both the π‐interactions and the planarization of the polymer chains are diminished. While aggregation is absent in poor solvent for the polymer with the most bulky side chains, aggregation was present in film, albeit slowed down. This behavior was also confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements, performed at 300 K on powders, confirmed the trend of decreasing supramolecular order with increasing bulkiness of the side‐chain. Magnetization measurements, performed at 5 and 300 K, are in line with our hypothesis on the influence of π‐interactions and the fraction of planar polymer chains on the coercivity and saturation magnetization, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 76–86
Synthesis of 3‐(tert‐Butoxycarbonylmethyl)‐N‐vinyl‐2‐caprolactam and Homologous Copolymerization Toward Biocompatible Carboxylated Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐caprolactam) Responsive to pH and Temperature
Authors: Tang Shuangcheng , Cao Yu , Goddard Samuel C. , He Wei 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA new monomer derivative of N‐vinyl‐2‐caprolactam (VCL), namely 3‐(tert‐butoxycarbonylmethyl)‐N‐vinyl‐2‐caprolactam (TBMVCL), was synthesized via nucleophilic substitution at the α‐carbon to the lactam carbonyl group. The monomer was copolymerized radically with VCL and the copolymer compositions were controlled through varying the molar feeding percentages of TBMVCL. The resulting copolymers exhibited temperature‐responsive properties in water, with cloud points decreasing from 33 °C to 13 °C when the TBMVCL composition increased from 2.2 mol % to 18.6 mol %. Removal of the tert‐butyl protecting groups via acid hydrolysis exposed the carboxyl groups, which conferred pH sensitivity to the thermoresponsive properties of the resulting deprotected copolymers. The cloud point was found to increase with the increase of solution pH from 2.0 to 7.4, due to the ionization of the carboxyl groups. The influence of pH was most drastic for the 18.6 mol % copolymer composition. Furthermore, the phase transition temperature of the deprotected copolymers was found to be dependent on the polymer solution concentration, exemplifying classical Flory–Huggins miscibility behavior. Comparison of responsiveness was also made with another type of carboxyl functionalized poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐caprolactam) copolymer reported in our prior study, to examine the influence of the chemical structure of the carboxyl substitution group. Finally, the deprotected copolymer was demonstrated to be biocompatible using a fibroblast cell culture. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 112–120
Generation of Neuronal Progenitor Cells in Response to Tumors in the Human Brain
Authors: Macas Jadranka , Ku Min-Chi , Nern Christian , Xu Yuanzhi , Bühler Helmut , Remke Marc , Synowitz Michael , Franz Kea , Seifert Volker , Plate Karl H. , Kettenmann Helmut , Glass Rainer , Momma Stefan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Data from transgenic mouse models show that neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) migrate toward experimental brain tumors and modulate the course of pathology. However, the pathways whereby NPCs are attracted to CNS neoplasms are not fully understood and it is unexplored if NPCs migrate toward brain tumors (high-grade astrocytomas) in humans. We analyzed the tumor-parenchyma interface of neurosurgical resections for the presence of (NPCs) and distinguished these physiological cells from the tumor mass. We observed that polysialic acid neural cell adhesion molecule-positive NPCs accumulate at the border of high-grade astrocytomas and display a marker profile consistent with immature migratory NPCs. Importantly, these high-grade astrocytoma-associated NPCs did not carry genetic aberrations that are indicative of the tumor. Additionally, we observed NPCs accumulating in CNS metastases. These metastatic tumors are distinguished from neural cells by defined sets of markers. Transplanting murine glioma cells embedded in a cell-impermeable hollow fiber capsule into the brains of nestin-gfp reporter mice showed that diffusible factors are sufficient to induce a neurogenic reaction. In vitro, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from glioma cells increases the migratory and proliferative behavior of adult human brain-derived neural stem and progenitor cells via stimulation of VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In vivo, inhibiting VEGFR-2 signaling with a function-blocking antibody led to a reduction in NPC migration toward tumors. Overall, our data reveal a mechanism by which NPCs are attracted to CNS tumors and suggest that NPCs accumulate in human high-grade astrocytomas. Stem Cells 2014;32:244–257