bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phylogenetic solution to the Acacia problem
Authors: Miller Joseph T. , Seigler David , Mishler Brent D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAcacia has a complicated taxonomic history including a recent controversial retypification. We suggest that the entire recent Acacia debate is due to inadequacies of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), particularly that it requires that all taxa be classified in ranks. The ICN system was not designed for phylogenetic classification and the Acacia nomenclatural fallout reflects this shortfall. We recommend an alternate phylogenetic classification based on the PhyloCode. We propose the name Acacia for the most inclusive clade including the non‐monophyletic ICN‐based genus Acacia s.l., thereby retaining the name Acacia for use on all descendant lineages including Mimosa and Ingeae. Additionally we provide PhyloCode‐based names for five monophyletic lineages of genus Acacia s.l. but not for a sixth until additional information is available. This rankless phylogenetic classification system provides an elegant solution to the Acacia controversy and provides stable, relevant information about this branch of the tree of life.
Lectotypification of Centaurea alpina L. (Compositae) and the identity of Centaurea linaresii Lázaro Ibiza
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Susanna Alfonso , Laguna Emilio , Guara Miguel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA lectotype for the name Centaurea alpina (≡ Rhaponticoides alpina, Compositae) is herein designated from original material conserved in the Clifford Herbarium (BM). A previously accepted name, Centaurea linaresii, is treated as a synonym; this name was previously typified from original material conserved in MAF, but was wrongly considered as holotype. Thereafter, it is here corrected to lectotype.
Systematics of the genus Geastrum (Fungi: Basidiomycota) revisited
Authors: Zamora Juan Carlos , de Diego Calonge Francisco , Hosaka Kentaro , Martín María Paz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVarious infrageneric classifications of the genus Geastrum have been proposed, all of them exclusively based on morphology. They are highly divergent due to the different relative value that each author gave to particular morphological features. There is no consensus about any of these classifications, and therefore most modern studies avoid classifying Geastrum species in supraspecific units. Here, a new subdivision of the genus Geastrum is presented, based on phylogenetic analyses of four molecular markers, viz., 5.8S nrDNA, nrLSU, rpb1, and atp6. This classification is also supported by chemical reactions with syringaldazine and guiaiac gum, and by some morphological characters. Most reliable morphological characters include both classically studied features (e.g., endoperidial surface, peristome structure, mycelial layer), and recently discovered ones (e.g., rhizomorph crystals). Previously published infrageneric classifications are reviewed, showing many discrepancies with the phylogenetic data. A new infrageneric subdivision is proposed: sect. Campestria sect. nov., sect. Corollina sect. nov. (including subsect. Lageniformia subsect. nov., subsect. Marginata, and subsect. Plicostomata), sect. Elegantia sect. nov., sect. Exareolata, sect. Fimbriata, sect. Fornicata, sect. Geastrum (including subsect. Arenaria subsect. nov., subsect. Geastrum, subsect. Quadrifida subsect. nov., and subsect. Sulcostomata), sect. Hariotia sect. nov., sect. Hieronymia sect. nov., sect. Myceliostroma (including subsect. Epigaea and subsect. Velutina subsect. nov.), sect. Papillata, sect. Pseudolimbata sect. nov., sect. Schmidelia sect. nov., and sect. Trichaster. The phylogenetic and morphological boundaries among three genera of Geastraceae, viz., Geastrum, Myriostoma, and Radiigera, are also evaluated. Myriostoma likely represents a different phylogenetic lineage within Geastraceae and is confirmed as distinct from Geastrum. However, Radiigera is nested in Geastrum, and therefore it is confirmed as a synonym of Geastrum.
Botanical exploration of the Cape Verde Islands: From the pre‐Linnaean records and collections to late 18th century floristic accounts and expeditions
Authors: Romeiras Maria M. , Duarte Maria Cristina , Santos-Guerra Arnoldo , Carine Mark , Francisco-Ortega Javier 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of knowledge of the flora of the Cape Verde archipelago, the only portion of Macaronesia located in the tropics, from the discovery of the islands in the 15th century until the end of the 18th century. The first settlers of the islands came from Portugal and their accounts recorded that the dense forests and lush vegetation found in neighbouring regions of Africa were not present on these dry islands. Claims for John Kirckwood and Vespasien Robin collecting in the Cape Verdes during the 17th century are doubtful and it is likely that they refer to the Cape Verde promontory located in Senegal. Lotus jacobaeus (Fabaceae) is the earliest documented record for the endemic flora (year 1699). The first documented systematic plant hunting expedition was conducted by Johann R. Forster and his son George Forster during the second voyage of Captain Cook around the world. The Forsters visited Santiago on 14 August 1772, collected herbarium specimens, provided records for 39 species and described four new species based on this material. James Robertson and George Staunton also collected plant material in the Cape Verde Islands in the late 18th century. However, it was João da Silva Feijó who undertook the first extensive plant exploration of the archipelago between 1783 and 1789, under the patronage of the Portuguese government. His material was the basis for 14 new species descriptions made by Philip Barker Webb in 1849. The growth of knowledge of the Cape Verde flora contrasts markedly with that of the Canary Islands and Madeira, the floras of which were much more extensively documented by the mid‐18th century.
Phylogenetic relationships in Helichrysum (Compositae: Gnaphalieae) and related genera: Incongruence between nuclear and plastid phylogenies, biogeographic and morphological patterns, and implications for generic delimitation
Authors: Galbany-Casals Mercè , Unwin Matthew , Garcia-Jacas Núria , Smissen Rob D. , Susanna Alfonso , Bayer Randall J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Helichrysum‐Anaphalis‐Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade is a major component of the tribe Gnaphalieae (Compositae) and includes the genera Helichrysum, Anaphalis, Achyrocline and Pseudognaphalium. Allopolyploid origins for at least two clades within the HAP clade have previously been suggested, one involving the genus Anaphalis and the Mediterranean‐Asian Helichrysum species, and a second one involving part of Pseudognaphalium. In the present paper, with the use of two nuclear ribosomal and two plastid DNA markers and an extensive sampling of the HAP clade, further evidence relevant to the origin, composition and closest relatives of these clades is provided, and additional cases of incongruence are discussed. The superposition of distribution areas on the phylogeny suggests that the HAP clade originated in the Cape region of southern Africa and subsequently dispersed to and diversified in the Afromontane regions of east southern Africa, mainly the Drakensberg, before spreading northward and giving rise to several lineages in Afromontane and Afroalpine areas of central tropical Africa and in Madagascar. Allopolyploidy may have preceded the dispersal and diversification of the HAP lineage out of Africa to the Mediterranean area, and to the Americas and Asia. Finally, discussion on the distribution of several morphological characters in the phylogeny and their taxonomic relevance is also provided, with views on the need for a new generic delimitation.
How many species of bracken (Pteridium) are there? Assessing the Chinese brackens using molecular evidence
Authors: Zhou Shiliang , Dong Wenpan , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Xianchun , Wen Jun , Schneider Harald 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPteridium (the bracken) is a genus of common and widely distributed ferns throughout the world. The variation patterns of morphology in the genus are highly complex and no consensus has been reached among taxonomists regarding the number of species as well as subdivision of the variable species. To address the question of how many species and subspecies of Pteridium occur in Asia, 75 populations were sampled in Bolivia, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico and Peru. Sequence data of three chloroplast DNA regions, rps4‐trnSGGA, rpl16 and trnSGCU‐trnGUCC and the genotype data of three microsatellite loci were collected. The newly generated sequence data combined with the sequences already available from GenBank for samples from all over the world were subjected to several phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation tests. The results support recognition of two diploid species, P. aquilinum in the Northern Hemisphere and Africa and P. esculentum in South America and Australia. Evidence was found to recognize one Asian tetraploid species, P. semihastatum. The Eurasian occurrences of P. aquilinum can be further subdivided into subsp. aquilinum occurring in Africa, Europe and Asia Minor; subsp. japonicum occurring from East Asia to eastern Europe; subsp. wightianum occurring from central China to Malesia (Malay Peninsula, New Caledonia, New Zealand) and northern Australia. The North American subsp. latiusculum was also found in India. Some local “species” recorded in Flora of China likely represent hybrids between subsp. japonicum and subsp. wightianum.
Japanized flamenco: Sensory shifts in a transcultural relocation of a dance genre
Authors: Ede Yolanda Van 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The indigenization and domestication of foreign (western) culture in Japan has, according to Koichi Iwabuchi, led to an increasing variety of ‘modes of indigenized modernities’. Flamenco dancing, I argue, presents one such mode. Since the 1980s, Japanese women have been appropriating and adapting flamenco, an assumed local, ‘authentic’ Spanish genre turned into a so-called world music/dance, to their cosmopolitan dreams. They have turned flamenco in Japan into modern dance. This case shows that the relocation of a global genre through cultural adaptation should never be taken as a mere act of imitation, since the embedding of the genre into a new sociocultural environment requires adjustments to both the pre-existing ways of learning in the new environment as well as to the new meanings the genre may have for its apprentices. This is so, even in a society as reputed for cultural imitation as Japan. In this case, it is exactly the local social developments concerning femininity and modernity that explain flamenco’s appeal to Japanese women. The genre’s sound-based quality, as identified through a sensory analysis of their learning and transmission processes, revealed itself to be quintessential in terms of these women expressing their newly found sense of self. Adaptation of form and content has rendered a distinct, female and Japanized flamenco.
Inside/outside lessons for contemporary dance: Contemporary dance in Guatemala and the challenge of raising an audience
Authors: Gallusser Sabrina Castillo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article is written from the perspective of the author’s 24-year experience as a choreographer in contemporary dance in Guatemala. It starts with an overview of traditional dances and their religious motives. It outlines the experience of presenting contemporary choreographic works in the streets and theatres. Some of the questions that arise during the creative process, as well as the ones that come up in the encounters with spectators are discussed. An experiment called ‘Three Voices for a Dance’, aimed at drawing audiences closer to dance, is described. In this activity, the experience of a dancer, the choreographer, and a spectator are designed as vocal choirs that accompany the dance. After the experience of eight performances, from 2010 to 2011, the author believes that a different response from the audience was observed when compared to other approaches.
‘I learned to be free’: Empowering the self through dance in 2012 Egypt
Authors: Khoury Krystel 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In 2012, amid a critical and transitional socio-political situation in Egypt, Bibliotheca Alexandrina started an initiative aiming at developing contemporary dance. The project included the organization of dance workshops for amateurs in various cities of Egypt. Led by eleven local dancers, these workshops consisted of trainings aimed at forming trainers. The methodologies used appeared to have strengthened the awareness of the close relationship between body and mind, revealing new perceptions of the body’s potential and awakening a strong feeling of empowerment. By bringing these dynamics to light and examining their implications on the individuals involved in the workshops, the following article aims to open further discussion on how transcultural use of somatic practices can actively participate in enhancing the autonomy of the emergent Egyptian contemporary dance field. It revisits the outcomes of this pioneering project of dance transmission and examines its impact on both dancers and participants.
Prediction of Initial Temperature Effects on Shock Initiation of Solid Explosives by Using Mesoscopic Reaction Rate Model
Authors: Duan Zhuo-Ping , Liu Yi-Ru , Zhang Zhen-Yu , Ou Zhuo-Cheng , Huang Feng-Lei 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A kind of mesoscopic reaction rate model is reexamined in this paper with the aim of getting rid of the temperature dependence of its experiential parameters and making it available to predict the shock initiation of solid explosives under different initial temperatures. It is found that the initial temperature effect is induced mainly by the temperature dependence of the local chemical reaction rate and the initial density of the explosives, and, via the introduction of such temperature dependence, the reaction rate model can predict well the shock initiation processes under different initial temperatures, in which just the experiential parameters under a certain temperature (e.g. the normal temperature) are needed. Moreover, for verification, the shock initiation processes of PBX-9501 under different initial temperatures were simulated numerically by using the DYNA2D software. The numerical results on the run distance to detonation are found to be in good agreement with previous experimental data.
Optimal motion trajectory for the four-stroke free-piston engine
with irreversible Miller cycle via a Gauss pseudospectral method
Authors: Lin Jiming , Chang Siqin , Xu Zhaoping 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A four-stroke free-piston engine with internal and external
irreversibilities of finite combustion rate of the fuel, heat transfer and
friction is investigated in this paper. Under the condition of the fixed
fuel consumption per cycle, the optimal piston motion trajectory for
maximizing the net work output of different cases is derived by applying
optimal control theory. Considering the path constraints and boundary
conditions of this free-piston Miller cycle, a Gauss pseudospectral method
(GPM) is presented for solving optimal motion trajectory. The results show
that the optimal piston trajectory improves the efficiency by more
than 10% and also
suitably reduces the heat transfer losses
compared to the conventional piston motion. By optimizing the piston
motion around the top dead center (TDC), the in-cylinder gas pressure and
temperature have a remarkable improvement while the heat transfer losses have
a suitable reduction. The effects of other parameters, such as combustion
duration and the frictional coefficient on the piston trajectory, are also
investigated. It is shown that optimizing the piston motion trajectory is a
good approach for the free-piston engine to improve the efficiency and it
can provide guidelines for the optimal control of the practical free-piston
engine.
Comparison of the Pore Volume in Concrete as Determined Using ASTM C642 and Vacuum Saturation
Authors: Bu Y. , Spragg R. , Weiss W. J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
For the prediction of concrete performance, it is often beneficial to know the volume of pores in the concrete. ASTM C642-13 [Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in Hardened Concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA] was originally introduced in 1969 as a “standard test method for density, absorption and voids in hardened concrete.” This technical note will compare the total pore volume (voids) obtained using ASTM C642-13 with that obtained using vacuum saturation for a typical bridge deck concrete. This technical note suggests that ASTM C642-13 may provide a consistent measure of the pores (voids) in the paste matrix of the concrete; however, it does not provide a measure of the total porosity that may be expected if all the pores in concrete are filled with water. Although an approach like ASTM C642-13 may be sufficient for some applications, the fact that it does not measure the total porosity should be considered by users of the test. This is important because this test method is being frequently applied to concrete durability and transport-related problems that require the total pore volume to be known.
Evaluation of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Materials from Ultra-Thin Bonded Bituminous Surface
Authors: Musty H. , Hossain M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Ultra-thin bonded bituminous surface (UBBS) is a surface treatment that consists of a thin, gap-graded hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer applied over a thick polymer-modified emulsion membrane. The aggregates and asphalt used in UBBS are of very high quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials from existing UBBS layers can be used in chip seal and Superpave mixtures. UBBS RAP were studied with two different polymer-modified emulsions to assess their performance as precoated aggregates in chip seal using ASTM D7000-04 sweep test. Three different Superpave mix designs were developed for both 12.5-mm and 9.5-mm nominal maximum aggregate sizes (NMAS) using three different percentages (0 %, 10 %, and 20 %) of UBBS RAP materials. The designed Superpave mixes were then tested using the Hamburg wheel tracking device (HWTD) and the modified Lottman tests. Sweep test results showed that UBBS millings did not improve chip retention. Superpave mix design data indicated volumetric properties of Superpave mixes with UBBS millings met all requirements. HWTD and modified Lottman test results indicated all designed mixes performed better with the addition of UBBS RAP materials.
Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Sodium and Potassium Silicate Solutions on the Kinetics and Products of Slag Activation
Authors: Dakhane Akash , Peng Zihui , Marzke Robert , Neithalath Narayanan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper primarily explores the influence of the alkali cation (Na or K) on the reaction kinetics, product formation, gel structure, and mechanical properties of alkali activated slag systems. For the same activator Ms, i.e., molar SiO2–M2O ratio (M = Na or K), a shorter induction period, a larger acceleration peak, and consequently, a higher amount of total heat release under isothermal conditions is observed for the K-silicate activated slag pastes. The early-age compressive strengths in these systems roughly relate to the heat release response. The later-age (7 days and beyond) compressive strengths are observed to be higher for the Na-silicate activated systems, which is corroborated by: (1) higher amounts of C–(A)–S–H gel in this system indicated by a thermal analysis-based approximate quantification method, and (2) higher combined intensities of Q1 and Q2 structures that point to increased degrees of reaction, and lower amounts of unreacted slag obtained from 29Si magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR spectra also show evidences of Al-substituted C–S–H gel, with a higher amount of substitution when Na-silicates are used.
Estimation of ASTM E1921 Master Curve of Ferritic Steels From Instrumented Impact Test of CVN Specimens Without Precracking
Authors: Sreenivasan P. R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A semi-empirical cleavage fracture stress (CFS) model, mainly depending on the CFS, σf, has been derived for estimating the ASTM E1921 reference temperature (T0) and demonstrated for ferritic steels with yield strength in the range 400–750 MPa. This requires only instrumented impact test of CVN specimens without precracking and static yield stress data. The T0 estimate based on the CFS model, TQcfs, lies within a ±20°C band, being conservative for most of the steels, but less conservative than TQIGC based on the IGC-procedure (see Nomenclature for definition). Applicability and acceptability of the present calibration curves for highly irradiated steels need further examination.
Reversible alterations in cardiac morphology and functions in a patient with Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroaki 
Published: June 2014

Summary
A 45-year-old female was referred for endocrine evaluation of an incidental mass (31×24 mm in diameter) on the right adrenal gland. The patient was normotensive and nondiabetic, and had no history of generalised obesity (body weight, 46 kg at 20 years of age and 51.2 kg on admission); however, her waist-to-hip ratio was 0.97. Elevated urinary free cortisol levels (112–118 μg/day) and other findings indicated adrenocorticotrophic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome due to right adrenocortical adenoma. Echocardiography before adrenalectomy revealed concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy with a particular increase in interventricular septum thickness leading to impaired systolic and diastolic functions. Upon surgical remission of hypercortisolism, the asymmetric hypertrophy disappeared and the cardiac dysfunctions were considerably ameliorated. Although the mechanism(s) by which excessive cortisol contributes to LV wall thickness remain(s) unclear, serial echocardiography and cardiac multidetector-row computed tomography may support the notion that abnormal fat deposition in the myocardium owing to hypercortisolism appears to be an important factor for the reversible change in the cardiac morphology.

Learning points

Patients with Cushing's syndrome occasionally exhibit severe LV hypertrophy related to systolic and diastolic dysfunctions although they have neither hypertension nor diabetes mellitus.

Biological remission of hypercortisolism can normalise structural and functional cardiac parameters and help in differentiating the cardiac alterations induced by excessive cortisol from those induced by other diseases.

Excessive lipid accumulation within the heart before myocardial fibrosis may be implicated in reversible alterations in the cardiac morphology by Cushing's syndrome.

Early diagnosis and treatment of Cushing's syndrome appear to be pivotal in preventing irreversible cardiac dysfunctions subsequent to cardiovascular events and heart failure.