bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety at a girls secure juvenile justice facility
Authors: Elwyn Laura J. , Esaki Nina , Smith Carolyn A. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Serious juvenile delinquency is a significant and costly problem in the society. However, custodial environments often exacerbate current problems and promote recidivism. Girls’ delinquency, in particular, may call for trauma-informed approaches within organizations that serve the most serious offenders. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether implementation of a trauma-informed intervention that aims to change the therapeutic stand of the organization, the Sanctuary Model®, corresponded with improved indicators of physical and psychological safety of staff and youth at a female secure juvenile justice facility.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study utilizes quantitative administrative and performance-based standards (PbS) data routinely collected at the facility.

Findings
– Findings suggest that the facility was a safer place for both residents and staff after implementation of the model. Its safety indicators also compare favorably to those of the juvenile justice correctional field in general.

Research limitations/implications
– This study was constrained by a number of limitations, including lack of some desirable detail on the PbS measures and on a comparable field group of girls’ facilities. It is also hard to assess the impact of other concurrent changes in the facility. Future research that addresses these issues would be useful in further determining the utility of the model.

Originality/value
– This study is the first to examine the impact of a structured trauma-informed organizational change intervention based on therapeutic communities principles, namely the Sanctuary Model, on staff and youth in a secure juvenile justice facility. Findings may be of value to practitioners, administrators, policy makers, and researchers in the corrections field.
FORUM: Indirect leakage leads to a failure of avoided loss biodiversity offsetting
Authors: Moilanen Atte , Laitila Jussi 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Biodiversity offsetting has quickly gained political support all around the world. Avoided loss (averted risk) offsetting means compensation for ecological damage via averted loss of anticipated impacts through the removal of threatening processes in compensation areas.

Leakage means the phenomenon of environmentally damaging activity relocating elsewhere after being stopped locally by avoided loss offsetting. Indirect leakage means that locally avoided losses displace to other administrative areas or spread around diffusely via market effects.

Synthesis and applications. Indirect leakage can lead to high net biodiversity loss. It is difficult to measure or prevent, raising doubts about the value of avoided loss offsetting. Market demand for commodities is on the rise, following increasing human population size and per capita consumption, implying that indirect leakage will be a rule rather than an exception. Leakage should be accounted for when determining offset multipliers (ratios) even if multipliers become extremely high.
Biological introduction risks from shipping in a warming Arctic
Authors: Ware Chris , Berge Jørgen , Jelmert Anders , Olsen Steffen M. , Pellissier Loïc , Wisz Mary , Kriticos Darren , Semenov Georgy , Kwaśniewski Sławomir , Alsos Inger G. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Several decades of research on invasive marine species have yielded a broad understanding of the nature of species invasion mechanisms and associated threats globally. However, this is not true of the Arctic, a region where ongoing climatic changes may promote species invasion. Here, we evaluated risks associated with non‐indigenous propagule loads discharged with ships' ballast water to the high‐Arctic archipelago, Svalbard, as a case study for the wider Arctic.

We sampled and identified transferred propagules using traditional and DNA barcoding techniques. We then assessed the suitability of the Svalbard coast for non‐indigenous species under contemporary and future climate scenarios using ecophysiological models based on critical temperature and salinity reproductive thresholds.

Ships discharging ballast water in Svalbard carried high densities of zooplankton (mean 1522 ± 335 SE individuals m−3), predominately comprised of indigenous species. Ballast water exchange did not prevent non‐indigenous species introduction. Non‐indigenous coastal species were present in all except one of 16 ballast water samples (mean 144 ± 67 SE individuals m−3), despite five of the eight ships exchanging ballast water en route.

Of a total of 73 taxa, 36 species including 23 non‐indigenous species were identified. Of those 23, sufficient data permitted evaluation of the current and future colonization potential for eight widely known invaders. With the exception of one of these species, modelled suitability indicated that the coast of Svalbard is unsuitable presently; under the 2100 Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8·5 climate scenario, however, modelled suitability will favour colonization for six species.

Synthesis and applications. We show that current ballast water management practices do not prevent non‐indigenous species from being transferred to the Arctic. Consequences of these shortcomings will be shipping‐route dependent, but will likely magnify over time: our models indicate future conditions will favour the colonization of non‐indigenous species Arctic‐wide. Invasion threats will be greatest where shipping transfers organisms across biogeographic realms, and for these shipping routes ballast water treatment technologies may be required to prevent impacts. Our results also highlight critical gaps in our understanding of ballast water management efficacy and prioritization. Thereby, our study provides an agenda for research and policy development.
A systematic review and network meta‐analysis comparing the use of Foley catheters, misoprostol, and dinoprostone for cervical ripening in the induction of labour
Authors: Chen W , Xue J , Peprah MK , Wen SW , Walker M , Gao Y , Tang Y 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundVarious methods are used for cervical ripening during the induction of labour. It is still debatable which of these methods of treatment is optimal.ObjectiveTo compare treatment techniques for cervical ripening in the induction of labour.Search strategyMedline, Embase, and the Cochrane Collaboration databases were searched using the keywords ‘cervical ripening’, ‘labour induced’, ‘misoprostol’, ‘dinoprostone’, and ‘Foley catheter’.Selection criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of cervical ripening during the induction of labour, evaluating rates of failure to achieve vaginal delivery within 24 hours, incidence of uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate (FHR) changes, and rates of caesarean section. Studies including women with prelabour rupture of membranes were excluded.Data collection and analysisOutcome data were collected and analysed through pairwise meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis within a Bayesian framework.Main resultsA total of 96 RCTs (17 387 women) were included in the meta‐analysis. Vaginal misoprostol was the most effective cervical ripening method to achieve vaginal delivery within 24 hours, but had the highest incidence of uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes. The use of a Foley catheter to induce labour was associated with the lowest rate of uterine hyperstimulation accompanied by FHR changes. The caesarean section rate was lowest using oral misoprostol for the induction of labour.Author's conclusionsNo method of labour induction demonstrated overall superiority when considering all three clinical outcomes. Decisions regarding the choice of induction method will depend upon the relative preference for effecting vaginal delivery within 24 hours, minimising the incidence of uterine hyperstimulation with adverse FHR changes and avoiding caesarean section.Tweetable abstractOral misoprostol for the induction of labour is safer than vaginal misoprostol and has the lowest rate of caesarean section.
Behaviour change techniques to change the postnatal eating and physical activity behaviours of women who are obese: a qualitative study
Authors: Smith DM , Taylor W , Lavender T 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo explore the experiences of postnatal women who are obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2] in relation to making behaviour changes and use of behaviour change techniques (BCTs).DesignQualitative interview study.SettingGreater Manchester, UK.Population or SampleWomen who were 1 year postnatal aged ≥18 years, who had an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, and an antenatal booking BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2.MethodsEighteen semi‐structured, audio‐recorded interviews were conducted by a research midwife with women who volunteered to be interviewed 1 year after taking part in a pilot randomised controlled trial. The six stages of thematic analysis were followed to understand the qualitative data. The Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy (version 1) was used to label the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) reported by women.Main outcome measuresThemes derived from 1‐year postnatal interview transcripts.ResultsTwo themes were evident: 1. A focused approach to postnatal weight management: women reported making specific changes to their eating and physical activity behaviours, and 2. Need for support: six BCTs were reported as helping women make changes to their eating and physical activity behaviours; three were reported more frequently than others: Self‐monitoring of behaviour (2.3), Prompts/cues (7.1) and Social support (unspecified; 3.1). All of the BCTs required support from others for their delivery; food diaries were the most popular delivery method.ConclusionBehaviour change techniques are useful to postnatal women who are obese, and have the potential to improve their physical and mental wellbeing. Midwives and obstetricians should be aware of such techniques, to encourage positive changes.Tweetable abstractBCTs are useful to postnatal women who are obese, and have the potential to improve their wellbeing.
Does IPM Have Staying Power? Revisiting a Potato‐producing Area Years After Formal Training Ended
Authors: Carrión Yaguana Vanessa , Alwang Jeffrey , Norton George , Barrera Victor 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntegrated pest management (IPM) potentially reduces pesticide use and costs of agricultural production. However, IPM is knowledge intensive and its spread may dissipate over time due to knowledge required for its effective implementation and to competing messages about pest control. We examine IPM spread and adoption several years after formal intensive IPM outreach efforts ceased in a potato‐producing region in Ecuador. We describe adoption patterns and sources of IPM knowledge in 2012 and compare them with patterns that existed when outreach ceased in 2003. Results show that IPM adoption continues in the area but with a lower proportion of farmers fully adopting all practices and a higher proportion adopting low to moderate levels as compared to 2003. Almost all potato farmers in the area use some IPM practices, reflecting a major increase in IPM use. Farmer‐to‐farmer spread has supplanted formal training and outreach mechanisms. IPM adoption significantly lowers pesticide use and saves production costs for adopters.
Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in Cooked Potato and Potato Salad—A One‐Step Kinetic Analysis*
Authors: Huang Lihan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram‐positive spherically‐shaped bacterium capable of producing heat‐stable enterotoxins that cause acute gastrointestinal diseases. The growth of this pathogen in food is a major threat to public health worldwide. Potato salad is a frequent vehicle for infection and food poisoning caused by S. aureus. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the growth kinetics of S. aureus in cooked potato and potato salad.Samples of potato cubes and potato salad inoculated with S. aureus were incubated at temperatures between 8 and 43 °C to observe its growth for developing growth models. No growth was observed at 8 °C. The experimental results showed that the growth curves did not exhibit lag phases, and can be described by a 3‐parameter logistic model.A one‐step kinetic analysis approach was used to simultaneously analyze all growth curves by direct construction of both the primary and secondary (Ratkowsky square root) models using nonlinear regression to minimize the global residual error. The estimated nominal minimum growth temperature of S. aureus was 6.12 °C in potato cubes and 8.80 °C in potato salad. The estimated maximum growth temperatures of S. aureus in potato cubes and potato salad were very close to each other (46.3 and 46.8 °C, respectively). On the average, the specific growth rates of S. aureus in potato cubes were approximately 70% higher than those in potato salad.This study suggests that cooked potato and potato salad should be stored below 6 °C or above 47 °C to prevent the growth of S. aureus. The mathematical models and kinetic parameters can be used to accurately evaluate the effect of temperature abuse on the growth of S. aureus and conduct risk assessments of S. aureus in cooked potato and potato salad.
Determination of Lutein from Fruit and Vegetables Through an Alkaline Hydrolysis Extraction Method and HPLC Analysis
Authors: Fratianni Alessandra , Mignogna Rossella , Niro Serena , Panfili Gianfranco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of lutein content, successfully used for cereal matrices, was evaluated in fruit and vegetables. The method involved the determination of lutein after an alkaline hydrolysis of the sample matrix, followed by extraction with solvents and analysis by normal phase HPLC. The optimized method was simple, precise, and accurate and it was characterized by few steps that could prevent loss of lutein and its degradation. The optimized method was used to evaluate the lutein amounts in several fruit and vegetables. Rich sources of lutein were confirmed to be green vegetables such as parsley, spinach, chicory, chard, broccoli, courgette, and peas, even if in a range of variability. Taking into account the suggested reference values these vegetables can be stated as good sources of lutein.
Foodborne Pathogens Prevention and Sensory Attributes Enhancement in Processed Cheese via Flavoring with Plant Extracts
Authors: Tayel Ahmed A. , Hussein Heba , Sorour Noha M. , El‐Tras Wael F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCheese contaminations with foodborne bacterial pathogens, and their health outbreaks, are serious worldwide problems that could happen from diverse sources during cheese production or storage. Plants, and their derivatives, were always regarded as the potential natural and safe antimicrobial alternatives for food preservation and improvement. The extracts from many plants, which are commonly used as spices and flavoring agents, were evaluated as antibacterial agents against serious foodborne pathogens, for example Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli O157:H7, using qualitative and quantitative assaying methods. Dairy‐based media were also used for evaluating the practical application of plant extracts as antimicrobial agents. Most of the examined plant extracts exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity; the extracts of cinnamon, cloves, garden cress, and lemon grass were the most powerful, either in synthetic or in dairy‐based media. Flavoring processed cheese with plant extracts resulted in the enhancement of cheese sensory attributes, for example odor, taste, color, and overall quality, especially in flavored samples with cinnamon, lemon grass, and oregano. It can be concluded that plant extracts are strongly recommended, as powerful and safe antibacterial and flavoring agents, for the preservation and sensory enhancement of processed cheese.
Gambling and gambling policy in Norway—an exceptional case
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Hansen Marianne Bang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsThe aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the development and current status of gambling and gambling policy in Norway.MethodsAn overview of the research literature and official documents and websites.ResultsGambling on electronic gaming machines (EGMs) increased dramatically in the 1990s in response to technological development and liberalization of gambling policy. Restrictions on availability of EGM gambling occurred from 2006 to 2009 and included a ban on note acceptors, a temporary ban on EGMs and re‐introduction of fewer and less aggressive machines under a state monopoly. The restrictions led to significant decreases in total gambling turnover, and several studies suggest that they led to fewer gambling and gambling problems. Various factors may explain why the restrictions were politically feasible. These include media coverage of gambling concerns and economic compensation for revenue losses under the monopoly.ConclusionsIn an international context of deregulation of gambling markets, the Norwegian policy restrictions on gambling availability have represented an exceptional case and provide a rare opportunity to explore the outcomes of such regulations. Overall, studies suggest that the policy restrictions have led to reductions in gambling expenditures and problem gambling.
Central calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour in the posterior maxilla: a case report
Authors: Zhang A , Chaw SY , Talacko AA , Besly WJ , Savage NW , Monsour PA 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT), or Pindborg tumour, is a rare, benign odontogenic tumour. CEOT is usually asymptomatic and an incidental radiological finding, often presenting as a mandibular radiolucency with flecks of calcific material. We report an unusual case of CEOT in the left posterior maxilla of a 46‐year‐old male that was associated with an unerupted tooth. The tumour in this case caused non‐specific sinus symptoms and appeared radiographically similar to an odontoma or ossifying fibroma due to its dense calcific contents. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically following surgical removal of the lesion, which showed classic CEOT histomorphology. We report this case to highlight the unusual clinico‐radiologic presentation and illustrate the diagnostic difficulties that can occur with radiolucent and/or radiopaque lesions in the jaws.
PEG3 domain gene expression in maternal and foetal placenta in intrauterine growth restricted bovine foetuses
Authors: Li Shun , Pausch Hubert , Venhoranta Heli , Adamowicz Krzysztof , Andersson Magnus , Zwierzchowski Lech , Kind Alexander , Schnieke Angelika , Flisikowski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe used a genetic (MIMT1Del) model of intrauterine growth restriction to investigate dysregulation of PEG3 domain gene expression in bovine foetal and maternal placenta. ZIM2, APEG3 and PEG3 expressions were similarly reduced in MIMT1Del/WT foetal placenta, suggesting coordinated regulation. Methylation of DNA CpG sites associated with these genes showed no differences, but differences in the levels of MIMT1 RNA methylation at three CpG sites were found in foetal placenta. Our data are consistent with the presence of a bidirectional promoter 5′ of MIMT1 and suggest a regulatory role for the MIMT1 non‐coding transcript. PEG3 domain expression on the maternal placenta side was not affected by the foetal mutation.
Factors influencing long‐term efficacy and tolerability of bosutinib in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia resistant or intolerant to imatinib
Authors: Brümmendorf Tim H. , Cortes Jorge E. , Khoury Hanna J. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Kim Dong‐Wook , Schafhausen Philippe , Conlan Maureen G. , Shapiro Mark , Turnbull Kathleen , Leip Eric , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Lipton Jeff H. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe dual SRC/ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor bosutinib is indicated for adults with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) resistant/intolerant to prior therapy. This analysis of an ongoing phase 1/2 study (NCT00261846) assessed effects of baseline patient characteristics on long‐term efficacy and safety of bosutinib 500 mg/day in adults with imatinib (IM)‐resistant (IM‐R; n = 196)/IM‐intolerant (IM‐I; n = 90) chronic phase (CP) CML. Median treatment duration was 24·8 months (median follow‐up, 43·6 months). Cumulative major cytogenetic response (MCyR) rate [95% confidence interval (CI)], was 59% (53–65%); Kaplan‐Meier (KM) probability of maintaining MCyR at 4 years was 75% (66–81%). Cumulative incidence of on‐treatment progression/death at 4 years was 19% (95% CI, 15–24%); KM 2‐year overall survival was 91% (87–94%). Significant baseline predictors of both MCyR and complete cytogenetic response (newly attained/maintained from baseline) at 3 and 6 months included prior IM cytogenetic response, baseline MCyR, prior interferon therapy and <6 months duration from diagnosis to IM treatment initiation and no interferon treatment before IM. The most common adverse event (AE) was diarrhoea (86%). Baseline bosutinib‐sensitive BCR‐ABL1 mutation was the only significant predictor of grade 3/4 diarrhoea; no significant predictors were identified for liver‐related AEs. Bosutinib demonstrates durable efficacy and manageable toxicity in IM‐R/IM‐I CP‐CML patients.
Clinical efficacy of a new CD28-targeting antagonist of T cell co-stimulation in a non-human primate model of collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Vierboom M P M , Breedveld E , Kap Y S , Mary C , Poirier N , 't Hart B A , Vanhove B 
Published: November 2015

SummaryT cells have a central pathogenic role in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are therefore a favoured target of immunotherapy aiming at physical or functional elimination. Here we report an efficacy test of FR104, a new co-stimulation inhibitor directly targeting CD28 on T cells, in a translationally relevant model, the rhesus monkey model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). As a relevant comparator we used abatacept [cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen immunoglobulin (CTLA Ig)], an antagonist of CTLA-4 binding to CD80/86 clinically approved for treatment of RA. Treatment with either compound was started at the day of CIA induction. Although FR104 previously demonstrated a higher control of T cell responses in vitro than abatacept, both compounds were equally potent in the suppression of CIA symptoms and biomarkers, such as the production of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 and anti-collagen type II (CII) serum antibody (IgM/IgG). However, in contrast to abatacept, FR104 showed effective suppression of CII-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation. The current study demonstrates a strong potential of the new selective CD28 antagonist FR104 for treatment of RA.