bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semen Characteristics of Broiler Breeders Enhanced by Purslane pills Portulaca oleracea and Its Alcoholic Extract
Authors: Latif Osama A. , Shanoon Ammar Q. , Dhiab Ammar T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted at the College of Agriculture/University of Diyala in the fields of the Animal Production Department to determine the effect of Purslane grain powder and its alcoholic extract on the semen characteristics of male Ross 308 broiler breeders. Thirty-two 54-week-old roosters were used and randomly distributed into eight groups with four replicates per group (Rooster/refined) The roosters of the first treatment (negative control group) were fed a standard diet without any additives, and the second treatment (positive control group) was fed with the addition of 0.250 gm vitamin E/kg feed, the third treatment added 5 gm Purslane grain powder/kg feed, The fourth treatment, adding 7.5 grams of Purslane pills powder/kg of feed, the fifth treatment, adding 10 grams of Purslane pills powder/kg of feed, the sixth treatment, adding 5 ml of Purslane pills alcoholic extract/liter of drinking water, the seventh treatment, adding 7.5 ml of Purslane pills alcoholic extract/liter of water. Drinking, the eighth treatment, adding 10 ml of alcoholic extract of Purslane tablets per liter of drinking water. Roosters treated with grain powder and its alcoholic extract showed a significant increase at the level of p≥ 0.05 in ejaculate size, collective and individual movement, sperm concentration, and the percentage of live sperm, as well as a significant decrease at p≥ 0.05 in the percentage of dead and deformed sperm in all powder and extract addition treatments compared to the control treatments and for all five experimental periods (10 weeks). The results show that adding Purslane seed powder and its alcoholic extract to the diets and drinking water of elderly broiler broilers improved the characteristics of semen, and a concentration of 10 g/kg feed and a concentration of 10 ml/liter of water recorded the best results.
The Effect of Adding Different Levels of Anise Seeds and Oil Pimpinella anisum L. on some Production of Lohman Chicken Eggs
Authors: Dawood Roaa J. , Al-Dalawi Rashid H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fields of the Animal Production Department at the College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk, for the period from 10/1/2023 to 12/31/2023, with the aim of adding different levels of seeds and anise seed oil in hybrid fodder for Lohman laying hens and studying its effect. On a few characteristics of Lohman layer chicken production. The experiment involved a total of 112 birds. They were divided into seven treatments at random, with 16 birds per treatment. They were set up in manufacturing batteries inside a five by fifteen-meter hall. Four replicas of one treatment, with four birds in each, were created from the birds of that treatment. Water was provided freely to the birds, it was refined, and there were 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness. Seven treatments were used during the experiment were T1=0% Anise seed or oil, T2= (5g/kg) anise seed, T3=(7.5g/Kg) anise seed, T4= (0.5ml/kg) anise oil, T5= (0.75ml/kg) anise oil, T6=(2.5g/kg) anise seed + (0.25ml/kg) anise oil, T7= (3.75g/kg) anise seed + (0.375ml/kg) anise. The result was show the treatment 6 superior to the another treatment, for all the studied traits. It can be concluded that adding anise seed and oil anise to the diet of laying hens at the level of the treatment 6, resulted enhancing and increasing in weekly egg production, egg mass, feed intake, and FCR. Therefore, anise seed with anise oil could be used to improve the laying hen’s performance.
Effect of Different Levels on Some Physiological and Productive Parameters of Local Rabbits in Iraq
Authors: Abduljabbar Nawar Bahaa , Farhan Aljanabi Abdulkhaliq Ahmed , Mohamed Alslami Mohammed Saleh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted in the poultry farm located in the Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tikrit University, during the period from 1 March to 1 April 2023 (30 days), to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of different levels of algae powder (0, 2.4 g/kg concentrate) on productive performance and some physiological traits in rabbits. This experiment used 12 local female rabbits aged 9-10 months with an average body weight of 1563.12 ± 30.08 g. The rabbits were distributed into four treatments: the first (T1) was considered as a control treatment (without addition), the second (T2) and the third (T3) treatments were fed diets with algae powder at levels of 2 and 4 g/kg concentrated feed, respectively. The results indicated that the use of powder (2 and 4 g/kg feed concentrate (T2 and T3) led to a significant (P<0.05) increase in final body weight, packed cell volume (PCV), blood hemoglobin (Hb), and blood counts of red blood cells (RBC), and concentration of total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of white blood cells, and concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and liver enzymes (AST and ALT) in the blood serum of treated animals as compared to control (T1). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of powder at 2 Or 4 g/kg concentrated feed improved growth performance and healthy status of local female rabbits in Iraq.
Evaluation of the Histological Effects of Frying Fodder with Olive Oil and Treated with Bay Leaves and Ginger Roots on the Lungs of Healthy Mice
Authors: Abdullah Abdulmunem Kurdi , Ibrahim Hiba Ahmed , Salih Saeed Muhanad Hamed , Ebraheem Ayad Hameed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The research was conducted to investigate the effect of fried extra virgin olive oil on lung tissue, the effect of adding bay leaves and ginger roots separately, and to evaluate the possible tissue effects of damage and treatment. The study included (20) male and female mice that were subjected to the necessary laboratory conditions for 30 days. It was divided as follows: control group; A group whose fodder was fried in olive oil; A group whose fodder was fried in olive oil with bay leaves, and a group whose fodder was fried in olive oil with ginger roots. The results of the group whose feed was fried with olive oil showed disintegration of the muscle fibers of the walls of the trachea and desquamation of its lining, in addition to the infiltration of inflammatory cells and widespread blood congestion of the blood vessels, with the occurrence of hyperplasia and thickening of the septa between the alveoli, in addition to the presence of degeneration, while there was a significant improvement. For the group whose feed was fried in olive oil with bay leaves, there was a slight improvement for the group whose feed was fried in olive oil with ginger roots compared to the group whose feed was fried with olive oil alone. Our research has concluded that the use of olive oil in the frying process has harmful histological effects on the lung, and the use of bay leaves during the frying process can have a significant therapeutic effect on the lung, while the use of ginger roots does not have any therapeutic effect on the histological structure of the lung against induced toxicity. Through the frying process of olive oil.
Improving Blood Characteristics of Broilers Exposed to Heat Stress by Diet Supplemented with Capsaicin and Chili Powder
Authors: Abed Ibrahim S. , Al-Shukri Aqeel Y. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding capsaicin and chili C. annuum powder to poultry diet on phisyological traits (blood qualitatives) of broilers under heat stress conditions. The experiment consisted of 360 Ross-308 hybrid unsexed broiler chicks, one day old at intial weight 40 g/chick raised on a 5 cm floor mattress. The chicks were fed a starter diet (1-10 days), a second diet (11- 24 days), and the final diet 25 - 35 days. The chicks were randomly divided into 6 treatments, 3 replicates per treatment, 20 chicks Each. The treatments were: T1 control (basal diet), treatment T2, T3 and T4 basal diet fortified with capsaicin at 15, 30 or 45 mg/kg diet, respectively, while diet of the treatments T5 and T6 was mixed with chili powder at 5 and 10 g/kg diet, respectively. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in the number of red blood cells (RBC) in the birds of T3, T5 and T6, with significant differences from the control T1 and the treatments T2 and T4. All treatments recorded a significant increase (P<0.05) in hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and mean cell hemoglobin (MCH). A significant superiority (P<0.05) was also recorded in the packed cell volume (PCV) for the birds of the T5 and T6 treatments compared to the birds of T1, T2 and T4 treatments. On the other hand, the total protein concentration increased in the birds of treatments T5, T4, and T3 and significantly differed from the control T1 and T2, T6. At the same time, the T5 treatment was significantly superior to T3 and T4. The cholesterol levels decreased in all treatments compared to the T1 control, while the T5 was significantly superior to the T3 and T4 treatments. The lowest concentration of glucose in the blood was recorded in treatments T4 and T5, which differed significantly from the other treatments. Uric acid concentration significantly decreased in T2, T3, T4, and T5 compared to T1 and T6. The oxidation MDA enzyme was also reduced for all treatments compared to the control. While, a significant increase (P<0.05) was recorded in the concentration of GPX enzyme in the blood of all treatments compared to the control and T4 treatments.
Effect of Adding Natural Antioxidants in Compared to Vitamin E to the Diet on the Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens
Authors: Ahmed Mohanad Th. , Nafea Husam H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the combined and individual effects of adding Natural antioxidants (astaxanthin and magnolol) to the diet of laying hens (Lohman Brown) in the lipid Profile and some oxidation indicators in blood serum. 120 laying hens, aged 52 weeks, were used in the experiment, which ran from the 20th of March 2022 to the 15th of May 2022 (8 weeks). The hens were randomly allocated to eight experimental treatments, with five replicates for each treatment and three chickens for each replication, the treatments included: T1(Control), T2: vitamin E 300 mg kg-1 diet, T3 and T4: adding asta 200 and 400 mg kg-1 diet respectively, T5 and T6: adding mag 200 and 400 mg kg-1 diet respectively, and T7 and T8: Add a mixture of asta 100 mg kg-1 of diet + mag 100 mg kg-1 of diet and asta 200 mg kg-1 of diet + mag 200 mg kg-1 of diet respectively. The findings showed that supplementing the feed with natural antioxidants significantly reduced the levels of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL in the blood serum of laying hens compared with T1. Furthermore, compared to T1 there was an important increase in the blood serum activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase for all treatments that included natural antibiotics, when compared with the control treatment, treatments T6, T5, and T8 showed a significant decrease in the blood serum value of malondehyde (MDA). We conclude from the study that the health of aging Laying hens reared in Iraq during hot and moderate weather is improved by include naturally available antioxidants in their diet.
Effect of Bioactive Compounds Derived from Taraxacum Officinale on Biochemical and Hematological Traits of Ethylene Glycol Intoxicated Rabbits
Authors: Al-Daoudi Saad R. , Al-Bajari Shihab A. , El-Rawi Elham Abdulhmed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The herbaceous Taraxacum officinale, known as dandelion, is found in various regions including America, Europe, Asia, India, and Africa. This particular study aimed to assess the potential of Taraxacum officinale extracts in mitigating the toxic effects of ethylene glycol. There were twenty-five rabbits split up into several groups: a control group without any additives, a group fed ethylene glycol, and several groups fed Taraxacum officinale extracts containing compounds such as flavonoids, glycosides, and alkaloids (at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 60 days. Blood samples were collected using plain and EDTA tubes for clinical examination. The results revealed significant elevations (P=0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, urea, creatinine, globulin, and monocytes in the group fed ethylene glycol (group II). Conversely, there were notable decreases (P=0.05) in protein, albumin. However, after the administration of Taraxacum officinale extracts. ALT, on the other hand, did not show a significant decrease. Additionally, there were significant increases (P=0.05) in protein, A/G ratio, and blood pressure.
The Impact of Biological and Chemical Fungicides on Sheep Lymphocytes’ Ability to Induce Chromosomal Aberration
Authors: Zaidan Hawaa Hatem , Al-Sarai Tamarah Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Through the measurement of chromosomal alterations in sheep fed feed containing these fungicides at varying low and high concentrations, the research aims to compare the genetic toxicity of two pesticides: one chemical, MouldClean, and the other biological, Mycofix.
All of this was contrasted with the fungicide-free control treatment over varying time intervals of 7 and 14 days. The study found that there are chromosomal changes in the lymphocytes of sheep fed with fungicides of chemical origin, MouldClean, at both high and low concentrations after 7 day(0.980. 0.925 respectively) more than what is found in the lymphocytes of sheep fed with biological fungicides(Mycofix) at both high and low concentrations(0.0475, 0.0675 respectively) The same outcomes were seen 14 days after the two pesticide concentrations mentioned above were applied, as the MouldClean treatment had a higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities than the Mycofix treatment did.
Growth Performance and Serum Metabolites of Awassi Lambs Fed Wheat Straw Treated with Urea and Supplemented with Fibrolytic Enzymes
Authors: Abdulameer Alghazli Noor Najm , Majeed Al-Wazeer Anmar Abdulghani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treating wheat straw with urea, supplementing with fibrolytic enzymes (Safaziyme®, cocktail enzymes contained: β-glucanase, xylanase and cellulase) to untreated wheat straw and urea treated wheat straw on growth performance, feed intake and some serum metabolites of growing lambs. Sixteen Awassi male lambs with an average weight 19.0±0.24 kg and 3-4 months old were used at ruminant farm belong to the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq. Lambs were distributed randomly to four treatment groups four lambs per treatment and fed: T1: Concentrate diet plus untreated wheat straw (control); T2: Concentrate diet plus wheat straw treated with 3% urea solution; T3: Concentrate diet supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes (2g/head/day) plus untreated wheat straw; T4: Concentrate diet supplemented with fibrolytic enzymes (2g/head/day) plus wheat straw treated with 3% urea solution. Lambs were individually fed concentrate diet at 3% of their live body weight while wheat straw treated with urea or untreated was offered ad libitum for 63 days. Results revealed that total weight gain (TWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly increased (P≤0.01) with lambs fed a combination of urea treatment and enzyme supplementation (T4) as compared to those fed urea treated what straw (T2), supplementation with fibrolytic enzymes(T3) and untreated wheat straw (T1). There were no significant differences in total dry matter intakes among treatments. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved (P≤0.05) for lambs in T2 and T4, the superiority with lambs in T4. Results were also revealed no significant differences (P≥0.05) on lamb serum metabolites, with numerical decrease in serum urea nitrogen in lambs of T4. These results indicate that supplementation of fibrolytic enzymes alone did not improve the growth performance of lambs. However, combination of urea treatment and enzyme supplementation efficient for lambs growth without adverse effects on animal health.
Effect of Adding Nutmeg Powder on the Productive Qualities of Broiler
Authors: Mohammed Diyar Jaafar , Sali Mohammed Hayfaa Mohammed , Ezzadin Ilham N. , Qader Mohammad Abdulqader Adnan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Researchers from the University of Kirkuk’s College of Agriculture in Hawija looked at chickens. This research set out to determine how varying amounts of nutmeg powder in the feed affected the productivity and traits of ross 308 broilers. Three different concentrations were used in the experiment, as the second treatment included the addition of 1% nutmeg. Control feed, the third treatment added 2% nutmeg to Control feed, and the fourth treatment added 3% nutmeg to the Control feed, comparing it to the first treatment (control feed) without nutmeg powder. The chicks were randomly distributed into four treatments, and each treatment included four replicates of 15 birds per experimental unit. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) between the treatments, with the second treatment (1% nutmeg) and the fourth treatment (3% nutmeg) superior to the control group in average live body weight, and the fourth treatment also superior to the control group. Control in the rate of weight gain, while the treatments containing nutmeg powder recorded a decrease in the amount of feed consumed compared to the control group. As for the feed conversion factor, the third and fourth treatments were found to be superior to the control group. It was concluded from this study that treatments containing nutmeg powder improved the performance and productive characteristics of broilers.
Assessment of Hydrocarbons (Aromatic and Aliphatic) and Identification of their Origins in the Soil of Areas Near Oil Fields in Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Mashhadani Mohammed Ahmed , Al-Rubaai Shatha Majied 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the impact of total hydrocarbon pollutants in soil (aromatic and aliphatic) to determine the indicators of the origin of petroleum pollutants in locations near oil fields in southern Iraq, namely the Amara Oil Field, Nasiriyah Oil Field, North Rumaila Field Station 5, and Nahran Ben Umar Field. Four surface soil samples (0-30 cm) contaminated with hydrocarbons were taken from each field. It is observed that the origin of aromatic compound pollution in all oil fields is commonly Petrogenic and Pyrogenic, shared between oil and its derivatives resulting from oil spillage during extraction operations from wells, as well as incidents involving pipelines and leaks during oil transportation and extraction, and the gases resulting from incomplete fuel combustion, especially the gas accompanying the burning of oil in burners, as well as the smoke produced by engines, the combustion of diesel fuel, and electric generators. The evidence suggests that the source of aliphatic compounds in all oil field samples was of human origin, resulting from oil industries in the fields, factories, oil refining, transportation through pipes, electric generators, burners, and the toxic gases they produce that are transferred to the soil and cause its pollution with hydrocarbon compounds.
Spatial Analysis of Soil Salinity as One of the Factors of Desertification in Albu Diab District
Authors: Jasm Mayada Safaa , Hussein Adnan Neama , Iwad Abdylmajid Mohamed , Mukhlif Husam Najl , Alenzy Ahmed F. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Physical and chemical analyses were carried out according to the coordinates used in soil analysis. The obtained results showed a discrepancy in the values of the analyses and sample 5 was the highest area negatively affected by the salinization process, as the analyses indicated a high value of salinity indicators of EC, TDS, SO4, and hco3, and this was accompanied by a decrease in the cultivated area of that area. Which indicates a state of desertification affected by the salt condition. The study relied on the analytical method, the study of the physical and chemical properties of the soil of the Albu Diab district by obtaining 18 samples of topsoil with a depth of 30 cm distributed over the study area, laboratory analyses were conducted to obtain data on the physical and chemical properties of the soil.
The Impact of Mycorrhizal and Azospermum Inoculation, Along with Different Irrigation Levels, on Certain Physiological Characteristics of Strawberry Plants
Authors: Mousa Sahar N. , Altai Salahaldeen H. M. , Khairo Awss M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess how inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and Azospirillum bacteria affects physiological characteristics of strawberry plants under drought conditions and grown in mixed soil. Strawberry seedlings were planted individually in 5 kg pots filled with mixed soil, and urea fertilizer (20% K, 20% P, 20% N) was applied at planting. Irrigation was carried out after planting, based on predetermined treatments, replenishing water when pots lost 50% of their initial weight. The experiment, consisting of six replicates for each treatment, recorded the water added to calculate total water consumption. Results indicated: The interaction between mycorrhizae and Azospirillum showed positive outcomes, with chlorophyll content in leaves averaging 20.23 SPAD units in the treatment. This increase is attributed to Azospirillum’s role in nitrogen fixation, leading to enhanced nitrogen availability for plants. Chlorophyll percentage decreased as irrigation levels increased, ranging from 17.63 to 20 for 100% and 50% irrigation levels, respectively. Phosphorus absorption increased by 1.93% at the flowering stage (40 days) when inoculated with bacteria, but decreased by 2.68% at full maturity (80 days). Potassium absorption increased by 13.39% at the flowering stage and reached 6.20% at full maturity when inoculated with bacteria, likely due to the secretion of growth regulators like auxins and cytokinins. Significant differences were observed in the chemical content of strawberry leaves regarding abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and proline. ABA concentration was highest (98.14 micrograms/ml) at the first irrigation level without mycorrhizae, while SA had the lowest concentration (13.10 micrograms/ml). At the first irrigation level with mycorrhizae, SA concentration was higher than ABA, reaching 57.04 micrograms/ml, while ABA concentration was 15.25 micrograms/ml.
The Role of Combinations of Soil Bacteria and Carriers with Trifolium Alexaandrinum L. in the Removal and Decomposition of Petroleum Compounds from Contaminated Soils
Authors: Ghallab Sahaf Khalid , Abed ldham Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A study was conducted by using combinations of Bacillus megagaterium and R. trifolii inoculation with two carriers prepared from date cores and zeolite in the decomposition and removal of petroleum compounds from soil contaminated with the presence of Trifoliumalexa and rinum L. crop. A factorial experiment according to the RCBD at three replications was used. Black oil was added at four levels (0, 2, 3 and 4%), and seven combinations of bacterial inoculation were added with the carrier. The results showed an increase in the amount of petroleum compounds in the vegetative part of T.alexaandrinum L. for the first, second, third, fourth and fifth cuttings, and in the roots when adding black oil at of 3 and 4%and rhizobia bacterial inoculation. Also, it was noticed that the amount of petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil clearly decreased, and the percentage of removal of black oil from the soil was 57.28, 59.10 and 59.33% for the 2, 3 and 4% concentrations respectively. We conclude that the use of T. alexaandrinum L. plant and the prepared inoculation with carriers is effective in removing and decomposing petroleum compounds from contaminated soil.