bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competitive analysis of a contact lens market
Authors: Toor Tajinder 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to present a broader industry-level competitive analysis of a contact lens market.

Design/methodology/approach
– Porter’s Five Forces model can be used for a broader and rigorous competitive analysis of a contact lens market to determine the competitive intensity and to form a well-rounded business strategy.

Findings
– The contact lens market is highly competitive and unattractive. Because growth has been stagnant, traditional competition has become more intense to steal share from each other. However, the competition in the market could not be defined narrowly between traditional competition but is broad with substitutes, and bargaining power of customers and distributors. A contact lens manufacturer has to look beyond the traditional competition to not only compete with traditional competitors within the industry but also with substitutes, and bargaining power of customers and distributors.

Practical implications
– This paper will benefit contact lens manufacturers/businesses in forming a well-rounded business strategy.
An economy of access is opening for business: five strategies for success
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Many new businesses are being formed to offer shared products and services. The author describes this trend as an access economy, which offers customers the benefits of disintermediation - tourist accommodations without hotel chains, local transportation without taxi companies, peer-to-peer lending without banks, retail storefronts with brokers and leases. The paper aims to analyse the factors that are driving its growth.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author offers five strategies for success in the access economy and describes how firms are using them to gain competitive advantage.

Findings
– The sharing economy has produced three phenomena – the shredding of vertical value chains, the creation of vast new horizontal value chains, and the social change of people preferring access to ownership or accepting the benefits of access. Together they bring significant economic and social changes to business and society.

Practical implications
– Some companies are beginning to adjust to the generational shift from ownership to access by deemphasizing the sale of things and refocusing their business practices on managing every aspect of their client’s value chain – what they call being a “solution provider.”

Social implications
– Instead of planning their lives on the premise of acquiring and owning more private property, a new generation of web adventurers, mostly young people, is finding meaning and satisfaction in having shared access to things and interacting with other people in the process.

Originality/value
– Each business will likely have a unique take on the best way to compete is this emerging environment given how much its customers value access and accept sharing. The author’s five possible strategies provide a starting point for corporate competitive scenarios.
Strategy, organization and leadership in a new “transient-advantage” world
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– In this Masterclass Prof Leavy considers some game changing advice about how to manage the fundamental challenges of the spread of hyper-competition and speed at which knowledge advantages now typically erode. His intent is to advance the dialogue among the corporate strategy, innovation, leadership and entrepreneurship functions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The concepts and tools of three new books are studied closely: in The End of Competitive Advantage, strategy and innovation guru Rita Gunther McGrath offers a strategy playbook for what she calls the new “transient advantage economy; in Accelerate, change leadership researcher, John Kotter, makes the case for developing a new “strategy operating system” to run in tandem with the traditional “performance operating system,” so that renewal can become continuous rather than episodic; and in The Good Struggle, leadership and ethics expert, Joseph Badarraco turns to five enduring questions of responsible leadership and looks for the emerging answers that might offer the most valuable guidance to leaders now having to operate in today’s recombinant environment.

Findings
– The perspectives provided can help leaders raise the odds of working successfully and responsibly in the exciting, uncertain, recombinant, market-driven world that now surrounds us all.

Practical implications
– Clearly, not only do companies have to be become ever more adaptable, but ever more innovative. Lessons in how to do so are offered and exemplars are examined.

Originality/value
– The article looks at three management compentencies-strategy making, organization building and enlightened leadership – in the context of the disruptive, hypercompetitive environment of transient advantage.
Seven challenges management must overcome when implementing IT-shared services
Authors: Ulbrich Frank , Schulz Veit 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to empirically explore management challenges that management must overcome in the early phase of adopting IT-shared services. Organizations to an increasing extent adopt IT-shared services as a means to providing organization-wide IT services.

Design/methodology/approach
– Qualitative data from 20 case studies were analysed. The data were originally collected in a variety of predominantly large-size organizations from the public and private sectors in six different countries. The data used were collected between 2002 and 2010.

Findings
– Our research identifies seven reoccurring themes in the collected data, all being common management challenges. These challenges are evident within the whole organization – including their service-consuming business units – as well as their service-providing IT units. The seven challenges are related to the ability to deliver IT services, communication between IT and non-IT staff, IT-service portfolios, nature of IT services, power and control, pricing and service-level agreements.

Research limitations/implications
– Gaining a deeper understanding of the seven common challenges is essential for further research on how to manage the successful transition towards organization-wide shared-services arrangements.

Originality/value
– This study provides fundamental insights into the complex endeavour of adopting IT-shared services in organizations. It furthers the understanding of common management challenges, which management needs to consider in the early stage of an organization-wide adoption of IT-shared services.
Corporate sustainability: accounting standards vs tax by design
Authors: Russell David 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the contradiction between sustainability and accounting practices, underpinned by reporting standards and question whether financial statements prepared in this way represent a true and fair view? The paper highlights the disregard for externalities as a fundamental obstacle to sustainable reporting and proposes taxation designs to recognise the costs associated with externalities as the basis for equitable reporting, pricing and sustainable business practices.Design/methodology/approach– The approach taken uses Smith’s (1776) tenets of a good tax, to consider characteristics of taxation that may be harnessed for financial reporting, valuation, economic substance and legal form.Findings– The findings reveal a case for further examination of the efficacy of taxation, alongside a full-cost accounting approach, to benefit sustainable reporting.Research limitations/implications– The implications of the research are a possible whole reappraisal of costs and prices to recognise the sustainability dimension and place it at the heart of the corporate agenda. The limitations arise from contestable valuation of sustainable matters, arising from a lack of an agreed theoretical framework.Originality/value– The paper proposes a realignment of costs and prices to correct market imperfection through the innovative application of taxation, but without a fundamental reappraisal of the economic status quo upon which Western-style capitalism is underpinned.
Modelling drivers of adapt for effective strategy execution
Authors: Kumar Srivastava Amit , Sushil Sushil 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to develop a framework for “Adapt” in the context of strategy execution.

Design/methodology/approach
– Both exploratory and confirmatory modes of research using Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Interpretive Structure Modeling, Total Interpretive Structural Modeling and t-test methods have been conducted.

Findings
– The conceptualization of learning and learning organization can only be possible when organization develops adaptive culture. When an organization becomes learning organization, it starts becoming vital by adopting flexibility wherever and whenever it is required. This vitalization process helps organization use successfully the frameworks of strategy execution.

Research limitations/implications
– In many cases the Balance Score Card could not succeed. Our study suggests that the adaptive culture gives impetus for learning and growth suggested in balanced scorecard (BSC) and adapt suggested in Management System. This study is more an exploratory effort with limited sample size. The findings can be consolidated and enriched with significantly large sample from varied contexts.

Practical implications
– There is clear relative importance and sequence of corrective actions required to improve the hit rate of strategy execution. Organization can use the proposed framework to handle the issues of adapt in strategy execution.

Originality/value
– Many scholars have pointed out that there is lack of strategy execution framework, and more specifically, in the case of adapt. The study contributes by providing a conceptual framework to address different aspects of adapt and change management for effective strategy execution. Additionally, this study adds methodological value to traditional model building.
Identification of leadership in emerging tourist destinations
Authors: Zmys̀lony Piotr 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
The paper aims to propose a method of identifying and evaluating leadership potential of stakeholders in emerging tourist destinations and to verify this method in three Polish destinations. Developing destinations miss well-established networking structures and management experiences. The greatest impact on their success is made by the most active stakeholders who are able to pool and mobilise partners and coordinate their efforts to realise common goals.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on a stakeholders’ potential analysis and the network approach. To identify destination leadership, the method – adapted from an axiological analysis of regional development participants – is used and verified in rural, coastal and mountain destinations in Poland. An in-depth analysis of stakeholders representing the public, private and non-profit sectors is conducted to assess their leadership potential. Ultimately, 183 interviews were conducted.

Findings
Based on literature review, five dimensions of destination leadership were identified, namely, networking capability, analytical abilities, impact capability, economic potential and legitimacy. In emerging destinations, the most influential stakeholders are characterised by strong impact, analytical leadership capabilities and legitimacy.

Research limitations/implications
The paper provides insights into destination leadership discussion and research. The limited number of verification cases and limited qualitative data analysis could be seen as its limitation.

Practical implications
Emerging destinations have incomplete leadership. An imbalanced structure of destination leadership may have serious consequences on stability and development of destinations; it also affects the process of identification of potential leaders.

Originality/value
The paper is original because it proposes an innovative method of identifying destination leadership, especially in emerging destinations.
Economic crisis and the image of Portugal as a tourist destination: the hospitality perspective
Authors: Veiga Luís 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impacts of the economic crisis on the image of Portugal as a touristic destination and the main changes operationalized during this recession period to secure better tourism performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using official statistical data and other information available, the author takes a critical look at the evolution of the touristic market in Portugal prior to the Eurozone debt crisis, and reflects on the main challenges and possible solutions as they relate to the hospitality industry.

Findings
– Crisis, tension and austerity measures are definitely negative factors in terms of the domestic market and tourism demand. However, a new competitive way forward may emerge as governmental policies are implemented to help reduce inefficient micro regional tourism, facilitate financing and venture capital and use digital marketing strategies to reach external markets.

Research limitations/implications
– The goal of reducing costs and increasing efficiency as well as gaining a better understanding of the importance of tourism in the current balance of payments is not enough to produce significant improvements in the hotel industry. It is suggested that independent hotels (about 60 per cent of the total in Portugal) should benefit from industry benchmarks, to increase up-selling and cross-selling policies in a customer-focused environment.

Originality/value
– The paper reflects on the creation of long-term superior value in the hotel industry and the role of investors, government and associations in this respect and on the importance of committing to this task of value creation.
Translating intermediate phenotypes to psychopathology: The NIMH Research Domain Criteria
Authors: Cuthbert Bruce N. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Research Domain Criteria project (RDoC) was initiated by the National Institute of Mental Health in early 2009 to “develop, for research purposes, new ways of classifying mental disorders based on dimensions of observable behavior and neurobiological measures.” RDoC provides a framework for psychopathology research intended to explicate specific aspects of functional impairment by studying relevant brain‐behavior relationships, in contrast to the current heterogeneous categories of mental disorders defined by various groupings of symptoms. Endophenotypes fit naturally into the RDoC context since they are typically conceived to be closer to fundamental neural and psychological mechanisms than more abstracted disorder categories. Consequently, the genomic aspects of endophenotypes take on particular significance for understanding genetic risk architectures in such an approach to psychopathology.
Regional Reduction of Ganglion Cell Complex after Vitrectomy with Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Idiopathic Macular Hole
Authors: Baba Takayuki , Sato Eiju , Oshitari Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Shuichi 
Published: November 2014

Purpose. To determine whether the reduction of ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness is uniform in the parafoveal region after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for idiopathic macular hole (MH).Methods. Thirty-nine consecutive eyes were studied. Vitrectomy was performed with ILM peeling with brilliant blue G (BBG) staining, and room air was used for an intraocular tamponade. The GCC thickness and retinal sensitivity were measured at the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants around the fovea using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry (MP-1). The measurements were made at baseline, and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.Results. In 38 of the 39 eyes, the MH was closed after the initial surgery. At three and six months, the percentage of eyes with significantly thinner GCC areas was higher at the temporal quadrant (40.5% at 3 months and 46.0% at 6 months) than that at the other quadrants (P<0.001, P<0.001, resp.). The retinal sensitivity was also significantly lower in the temporal area than in the other areas (15.7 dB at 3 months,P=0.003; 15.4 dB at 6 months,P=0.006).Conclusion. These findings indicate that the inner retina in the temporal area may be more vulnerable to surgical manipulations than the other areas.
USE OF THE NOVABONE® AUGMENTATION MATERIAL IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS. PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION
Authors: Slezák Radovan , Paulusová Vladimíra 
Published: November 2014

The pilot study deals with the clinical results of the regenerative therapeutical method in intraosseous periodontal defects done by surgical augmentation procedure using a material of a new generation prepared on the basis of a bioactive glass. A group of 10 individuals were treated properly for chronic periodontitis. Some of treated infraalveolar periodontal lesions, both periodontal pockets and interradicular defects, persisted or recurred in posterior teeth. In order to eliminate them they were indicated for advanced periodontal surgery or regenerative surgical therapy stimulating healing processes of supportive tissues, mostly alveolar bone around treated teeth. Relevant clinical parameters, i. e. values of the pocket depth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment were evaluated before and after the periodontal surgery and compared with each other. The therapy led to significant improvement of clinical parameters in terms of the reduction of pocket depth and loss of attachment values.
Fatores que contribuíram para a falência de uma indústria de componentes plásticos, coletados pela análise de relatórios contábeis
Authors: Roncalio Michele Patricia , Silva Rodrigo Valverde da , Alberton Luiz , Silva Guilherme Júlio da 
Published: November 2014

Em 2005 entrou em vigor no Brasil a Lei nº 11.101, também denominada nova Lei de Falência. Dentre as principais alterações implementadas pela nova Lei destacam-se a extinção da concordata, substituída pelo instituto da recuperação de empresa, e a conferência de uma maior importância aos relatórios contábeis. A presente pesquisa pretende responder à seguinte problemática: quais fatores coletados a partir das demonstrações contábeis contribuíram para a falência de uma indústria de plásticos localizada em Santa Catarina? O estudo se desenvolveu por meio da análise das demonstrações contábeis, da verificação dos laudos periciais e das entrevistas com o interventor judicial e com o advogado da empresa objeto do presente estudo. A metodologia, quanto aos objetivos, é descritiva, pois, pela análise dos relatórios contábeis, descreve fatores que contribuíram para a falência de uma indústria. Quanto a sua problemática, ao adotar a análise de tais relatórios, a pesquisa é de abordagem quantitativa-qualitativa. Em seus procedimentos, trata-se de um estudo de caso da Profiplast Industrial S.A. Por fim, conclui-se que os altos índices de endividamento e os procedimentos contábeis, em desacordo com a legislação vigente, foram fatores determinantes para a decretação da falência da Profiplast Industrial S.A.
The Circulating Cell-free microRNA Profile in Systemic Sclerosis Is Distinct from Both Healthy Controls and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Steen Samantha O. , Iversen Line V. , Carlsen Anting Liu , Burton Mark , Nielsen Christoffer T. , Jacobsen Søren , Heegaard Niels H.H. 
Published: November 2014

Objective.To evaluate the expression profile of cell-free circulating microRNA (miRNA) in systemic sclerosis (SSc), healthy controls (HC), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Total RNA was purified from plasma and 45 different, mature miRNA were measured using quantitative PCR assays after reverse transcription. Samples (n = 189) were from patients with SSc (n = 120), SLE (n = 29), and from HC (n = 40). Expression data were clustered by principal components analysis, and diagnostically specific miRNA profiles were developed by leave-one-out cross-validation. Diagnostic probability scores were derived from stepwise logistic regression.Results.Thirty-seven miRNA specificities were consistently detected and 26 of these were unaffected by SSc sample age and present in more than two-thirds of SSc samples. SSc cases showed a distinct expression profile with 14/26 miRNA significantly decreased (false discovery rate < 0.05) and 5/26 increased compared with HC. A 21-miRNA classifier gave optimum accuracy (80%) for discriminating SSc from both HC and SLE. The discrimination between HC and SSc (95% accuracy) was strongly driven by miRNA of the 17∼92 cluster and by miR-16, -223, and -638, while SLE and SSc differed mainly in the expression of miR-142-3p, -150, -223, and -638. Except for a weak correlation between anti-Scl-70 and miR-638 (p = 0.048), there were no correlations with other patient variables.Conclusion.Circulating miRNA profiles are characteristic for SSc compared with both HC and SLE cases. Some of the predicted targets of the differentially regulated miRNA are of relevance for transforming growth factor-β signaling and fibrosis, but need to be validated in independent studies.
UPOLI Miembro del Consorcio Internacional para la Investigación sobre la Violencia (ICRoV)
Authors: UPOLI UPOLI Miembro del ICRoV 
Published: November 2014

La UPOLI a través de su Instituto “Martin Luther King”, ha sido incorporada como miembro activo del Consorcio Internacional para la Investigación sobre la Violencia (ICRoV), organismo académico altamente especializado en los ámbitos de las investigaciones para la paz y que desarrolla su trabajo en distintos países que han vivido y viven situaciones de violencia.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/cultura.v20i63.1575