bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Model in Action: Individual Innovativeness Profiles of Pre-service Teachers in Turkey / Rogersov model difuzije inovacije u praksi: pojedinačni profili inovativnosti budućih nastavnika u Turskoj
Authors: Yuksel Ismail 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of the study was to determine adopter categories and individual innovativeness levels of pre-service teachers. Four hundred and twenty pre-service teachers from five different departments participated in the study. The application of Rogers’ adopter measurement scale revealed that early pre-service teachers dominated the group of participants in the study. The study also revealed that department and gender of the participants made a significant difference in their innovativeness level. The majority of female participants were early majority whereas the majority of male participants were early adopters. The analysis showed that male participants were highly innovative as opposed to female participants. The study indicated that unlike Rogers’ bell shaped, normal distribution of the adopter categories, the distribution in this study was positively skewed. The results support the idea that pre-service teachers, especially in some departments, need change in their perception of innovation. Evidence also suggests that Rogers’ model of innovation decision process should be taken into consideration while planning the course objectives.Key words: adopter categories; adoption of innovation; innovation; teacher training---Svrha ovoga istraživanja bila je odrediti kategorije usvajanja i pojedinačne razine inovativnosti budućih nastavnika. 420 budućih nastavnika iz pet različitih odjela sudjelovalo je u ovome istraživanju. Primjena Rogersove skale za mjerenje usvajanja otkrila je da kod budućih nastavnika u uzorku ispitanika u istraživanju dominiraju rani usvojitelji. Istraživanje je također otkrilo da odjel i spol ispitanika čine značajnu razliku u razini njihove inovativnosti. Većina ispitanika – žena bili su rani usvojitelja, a većina muških ispitanika bila je u skupini ranih usvojitelja. Analizom je otkriveno da su muški ispitanici visoko inovativni za razliku od ispitanica. Istraživanje je također ukazalo na to da je za razliku od Rogersove normalne distribucije (zvonastog oblika) kategorija usvojitelja, distribucija u ovome istraživanju pozitivno zakrivljena. Rezultati podupiru ideju da budući nastavnici, posebno u nekim odjelima, moraju promijeniti svoju percepciju inovacije. Dokazi također upućuju na to da se Rogersov model odlučivanja o inovaciji mora uzeti u obzir za vrijeme određivanja ciljeva kolegija. Ključne riječi: kategorije usvojitelja; inovacija; obuka nastavnika; usvajanje inovacije
Principales líneas jurisprudenciales en materia de derecho a la salud en Costa Rica
Authors: López Karen Vargas 
Published: July 2015

Se presentan los resultados de investigación de tipo exploratoria y descriptiva de resoluciones de la Sala Constitucional en materia de salud, a fin de determinar los criterios que dicho tribunal utiliza al resolver amparos sobre este tema y ayudar a comprender algunos aspectos relacionados con la jurisprudencia constitucional. Fueron analizadas 582 sentencias emitidas por la Sala Constitucional entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2009, para establecer las bases de una discusión mayor que sobre el tema debe efectuarse a nivel nacional, dado que resoluciones de tal naturaleza inciden de forma directa sobre el sistema público de salud. A su vez los resultados obtenidos pueden contribuir para la toma de decisiones por parte de las autoridades competentes.
El Sistema de Protección de la Salud de la Argentina Perspectivas y Desafíos
Authors: Carignani Agustín , Robledo Federico 
Published: July 2015

En el presente trabajo procuramos describir de manera simplificada el Sistema de Protección de la Salud en Argentina, y reconociendo al Estado como máximo garante del complejo sistema de salud, quien interviene o responde ante las demandas de los ciudadanos al momento de exigir cobertura en salud. Nos proponemos describir en este trabajo, de manera simplificada, la interacción e importancia entre los distintos subsistemas de salud y cuál es el rol de cada uno de ellos, ubicando al sistema público en la cabeza de todo el sistema de salud y el resto de los sistemas o subsistemas como los brazos de éste.Finalmente, expondremos el alcance del derecho a la salud como objetivo de ultima ratio de este sistema prestacional y su relación con la sociedad donde el mismo se inserta y ejerce.
The Future of the Caspian Sea Level
Authors: Verlaan Paul , Bellamy Ben , Abuova Ainur 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Caspian Sea Level (CSL) shows major fluctuations on different time scales ranging from days to decades. In particular the long-term variation has been the subject of many studies and debates. It is controlled by a delicate balance of water inflow from rivers (mainly the River Volga) and direct precipitation onto the Caspian versus evaporation of water from the sea surface. Human water extraction from the drainage basin and the outflow of water to the Kara-Bogaz-Gol (KBG) are of minor influence but cannot be ignored. This paper gives a prediction of the future CSL for the period 2010-2050. As a first step a rainfall-runoff model is set up, which expresses the river outflow as a linear function of the precipitation, vapor pressure deficit and human water extraction in the drainage basin. Another function is set up to express the outflow to the KBG as a function of the CSL. The future CSL is computed using output data from 18 different Global Climate Model (GCM) runs of the CMIP3 generation and by considering a distribution of possible scenarios for the future human water extraction from the drainage basin. A Monte Carlo approach is adopted that considers both long-term uncertainties associated with 18 GCM runs and 3 future water extraction scenarios, as well as short-term variability associated with weather uncertainty and year-to-year fluctuations in human water extractions. It is found that the 50% (median) CSL prediction shows a gradual drop from 0.75 m CD in 2009 (=0.75 m above Caspian Datum) to -0.34 m CD in 2050.
Cation Drilling Mud for Longhole Drilling
Authors: Magomed-Rasulovich Gaidarov Mitalim , Atlassovich Khubbatov Andrey , Mitalimovich Gaidarov Azamat , Korkitovich Baizakov Marat 
Published: July 2015

Summary
Increase of geological prospecting works and target well depth requires improvement of drilling technology as well as scientific and technical level for well construction upgrading. One of the significant trends in longhole construction upgrading is application of effective drilling mid and makeup technology allowing to prevent operating problems and drilling costs minimization.
The following main problems with any of the operating fluid are expected in course of longhole construction:
– poor condition of clay argillaceous rock. In spite of that considerable advances have been made, problem of the rock poor condition still exists and subject to be solved. – low thermal stability of drilling mud. Depending on geotechnical conditions low thermal stability of drilling mud may result in major complications up to well abandonment. Thermostable water base mud rated for 160 °C and above and up to 130-140 °C in aggressive salt scenario is practically non-existent. – problems with scaling and development of abnormally pressured zones.
Selection of the Effective Enhanced Oil Recovery Method for Highly Viscous Oil Fields on the Basis of Filtration Experiments (on the Example of One Kazakhstani Field)
Authors: Mankhanova A. E. , Ogay Y. K. , Zolotukhin A. B. , Zhapbasbayev U. K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
One of the strategic objectives of the modern oil industry is the efficient development of highly viscous oil reserves, which are characterized by low mobility leading to a sharp decline in the oil recovery factor (ORF). The article is devoted to the assessment of the development status of highly viscous oil fields and selection of the most efficient method of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) on the example of one field of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Huge amount of the global oil deposits belongs to deposits with highly viscous scavenger oil with viscosity above 30 mPa*sec. According to international experience most EOR methods applied on highly viscous oil fields the aim to reduce the reservoir fluid viscosity. Another approach based on the use of drainage systems, that provides increase of surface efficiency, is related to improved oil recovery methods. Combination of these two approaches provides a good cumulative effect.
This paper presents the results of laboratory filtration experiments on the of highly viscous oil displacement. On fields with scavenger oil recovery factor does not exceed 0.30. The aim of the research was to determine the most effective enhanced oil recovery method in terms of displacement efficiency.
Following reservoir stimulation scenarios were considered during the laboratory experiment: the base case (water injection); thermal treatment by hot water injection; polymer flooding; polymer flooding at an elevated temperature. Experiments show that conventional water flooding gives the lowest displacement ratio. According to the research results the maximum displacement ratio is achieved during hot water injection without the use of a polymer. Displacement ratio increased from 12.9% to 30.3%. In the course of special studies displacement efficiency function concerning temperature was obtained. The research results are discussed in detail.
Innovative and Cost Effective Fresh Water Drilling Fluid Formulation Suitable for 390°F with 87.5 pcf weight and its Field Application
Authors: Wang Zhifa , Jiang Guancheng , Lin Yongxue 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
When the bottom hole temperature (BHT) is over 356°F, polymers and sulfonated agents of fresh water based drilling fluid generally degrade or loss effect quickly. To address this problem, we developed a low cost formulation including extra high temperature (430°F) polymers with sulfonated agents for BHT under 390°F with 87.5 pcf mud weight. This drilling fluid formulation was lab tested to have the mud properties of PV 40 mPa.s, YP 12 Pa, HTHP (390°Fand 500psi) FL 12ml and lubricant factor 0.05. The mud formulation was field tested from 14,890 to 20,036 ft of SINOPEC XW-3 Well in Guangdong, China. The measured maximum static BHT was 410°Fwith actual minimum 69pcf mud weight used. The drilling operation was successfully conducted without a major problem in this well with this new designed drilling fluid even though loss was encountered in this section of well that forced the lowering of mud weight to 69 pcf. At the same time, we believe the formulation can be used similar condition when the BHT is between 356°Fand 390°Fwithin desired mud weight of 87.5pcf. The formula also can adjust and use high salinity ultra-deep HTHP well.
Increasing Matrix Stimulation Effectiveness in the Caspian Using Real-Time Downhole Measurements
Authors: Aglyamov Mansur , Agrynov Daniyar , Savin Artemy , Kulinich Nikolay , Burov Anton , Burdin Konstantin 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Carbonate acidizing is one of the main techniques for improving the production and injectivity in oil and gas fields. Various studies and field stimulation results were analyzed to develop a fit-for-purpose acid stimulation treatment design placed with coiled tubing in which diversion is achieved by using in-situ gelation, emulsified diverting acid, degradable fibers, or combinations of these methods.
The lack of downhole fluid placement control during the pumping of stimulation treatments may cause these jobs to not achieve the maximum stimulation effect or even fail, which may eventually call for more costly solutions.
An innovative stimulation approach was applied on a sour gas injector well in a carbonate oil field in the Caspian region. The field is characterized as a naturally fractured, thick, and prolific carbonate formation with high H2S content. To dispose of H2S and improve oil recovery, the produced sour gas is injected back into the reservoir through injector wells. An innovative method using fiber optic technology for acquiring distributed temperature survey (DTS) measurements and a real-time downhole sensor tool providing pressure and temperature measurements and casing collar location were used in this well to improve its injection potential.
DTS technology was utilized to better understand the movement of stimulation fluids into the reservoir through real-time monitoring, thus providing the capability to optimize the acid injection along the target zone. The DTS analysis during the post-acid injection stage identified crossflow and provided good correlation between acid reaction with carbonates and proportional warm-back trends along the formation.
The adoption of the technique enabled increased overall confidence in decision making during treatment execution, which allowed an improved placement strategy, resulting in increased stimulation effectiveness. This technology has the potential to become the next important step in the evolution of acid stimulation strategies in the Caspian region.
Aqueous-Based Surface Modifying Agent for Mitigation of Fines Migration
Authors: Songire Sumit , Uppuluri Ramesh , Rama Mallikarjuna Shroff 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The phenomenon of fines migrating through porous and permeable paths is well-known, as are the issues related to fines migration. During the life of a producing well, fines can migrate and reduce formation permeability by clogging pore throats of the mineral grains and reduce conductivity of proppant packs placed by hydraulic fracturing treatments, Frac Packs, or by gravel pack operations. Such fines migration can eventually lead to reductions in well production. The primary contributing factors that release fines are high fluid velocity, changes in salinity, wettability, pH, and rock failure. Use of a surface modifying agent (SMA), which can immobilize fines in place, helps minimize or mitigate fines migration. However, solvent-based SMAs are difficult to apply as a remedial treatment, and this limits their applicability.
This paper discusses the use of an aqueous-based surface modifying agent (ASMA) that can be used to help mitigate fines migration. The ASMA is a conductivity enhancer that immobilizes fines by locking them in place as a result of its tacky surface. Because it is hydrophobic in nature, it resists water flow without hampering hydrocarbon flow.
The ASMA can be pumped into formations having permeabilities greater than 100 md as a remedial treatment. It also can be coated onto proppants immediately before pumping them downhole.
To demonstrate the efficiency of the ASMA, a number of laboratory experiments were conducted on sand packs consisting of a sand-fines mixture and proppant, which closely simulated actual downhole conditions. Control tests (without the ASMA treatment), pre-coating of proppant pack tests, and remedial treatment tests were performed at different flow rates to study the effect of fines migration along with the efficiency of the ASMA as a technique to mitigate the issue.
Fluid Hammer Tool Aided 1 ¾-in Coiled Tubing Reach Total Depth in 6-in Openhole Horizontal Well
Authors: Parra D. , Saada T. , Adeleke J. , Pitoni E. , Vegliante E. , Craig S. , Livescu S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Karachaganak Petroleum Operating b.v. (KPO), the operator of the giant Karachaganak gas-condensate field in Kazakhstan, drills long horizontal wells and then stimulates them with acid. A variety of acid stimulation techniques have been used, progressing from simple acid washes to high-rate matrix acid treatments and hydraulic fracturing with gelled acid. KPO performed a sidetrack workover operation on a vertical well JH16D due to low productivity. The vertical wellbore was abandoned, side-tracked and completed with 4 ½-in liner and 1186 m of 6-in openhole (OH) horizontal length. To run the completion safely, one composite bridge plug (CBP) was set in the vertical section at 4850 m. To put the well back on production with a rigless operation, a coiled tubing (CT) job was planned to perform CBP milling, oil-based mud (OBM) removal, solvent soak and acid treatment along the entire OH section
In this paper, the predicted challenges during pre-job modelling for reaching total depth (TD) of 6492 m are summarized. Based on the current CT equipment and string available in the country, the only solution to reach TD and effectively enhance fluid placement along OH was accomplished by adding a fluid hammer tool (FHT) as part of the CT bottomhole assembly (BHA). FHTs are used in CT jobs for extended-reach applications by generating a temporary tensile load and lowering of the coefficient of friction (CoF) between the CT and the well.
After completing CBP milling in the vertical section without using the FHT, two runs were performed with this technology. The first run was a milling run to push the remaining CBP debris to the end of the OH section. During this trip 6382 m was reached; 148 m more compared with the previous run without using the FHT. The next run was performed with the conventional jetting BHA and TD was reached five times during the OBM removal, solvent soak and acid treatment operation. After being inside the well for 110 hours and several fluids such as slick brine, mud softner, solvent, and 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) were pumped, the FHT proved to be reliable in extending reach to TD in the 6-in OH horizontal section, even under aggressive downhole conditions.
Additional post-job analysis of test runs comparing surface weights with the FHT operating and switched off illustrated that predicted to actual weight changes were accurate.
This successful job opens a new window of applications, in this operating area, such as FHT and downhole motors to mill balls and baffle seats in horizontal completions at deeper target depths than previously achieved. Pre-job predicted and post-job actual tensile forces matched well. This combined BHA gives more weight on bit (WOB) while milling that reduces milling time and also improves maximum reachable depth while milling. In addition, because of the FHT tensile benefit, longer balls and seat baffles completions can be placed in future wells, increasing their production.
Study and Applications on Integrated Drilling Engineering Software for Drilling Engineering Design and Real-time Optimization
Authors: Song Peng , Shi Lin , Zhou Yingcao , Zhao Qing , Jiang Hongwei , Cui Peng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
With oil exploration and development to deep complex formation and deep water, drilling engineering design and construction become more and more sophisticated and the drilling engineering projects more and more depend on the drilling engineering software from design, real-time construction monitoring and optimization to experience review. The integrated drilling engineering software for drilling planning and real-time optimization has been developed in order to accomplish the needs of drilling design, analysis, construction optimization and solve the problem that different drilling software for different domain is isolated in development and applications. This article described the system design, key technologies, main features and applications on the integrated drilling engineering software. Details of the integrated drilling engineering software are elaborated on the subsytems of formation pressure analysis and prediction, rock mechanics analysis, wellbore trajectory design, drilling fluid design and analysis, drill string mechanics analysis, cementing engineering design and analysis, underbalanced drilling design and analysis, real-time drilling data management, real-time drilling monitoring and optimization. The integrated drilling engineering software developed the unified database for both drilling design and real-time construction and unified drilling engineering software integration platform with module dynamically loading technology based on abundant shared two-dimensional, three-dimensional visualization modules. Every drilling software subsystems on the integration platform can share data with each other and the drilling design can be compared with the construction data for analysis and optimization, so the entire drilling engineering workflow can be accomplished in this integrated drilling engineering software without inputting data repeatedly. Hundreds of drilling design and construction optimization applications on the integrated drilling engineering software in some typical oilfields of China demonstrate that it has rich functionalities, precise analysis and effective optimization, and can reduce the downhole complex and enhance the safety of drilling engineering.
Case Study of Air Injection IOR Process for a Low Permeability Light Oil Reservoir in Eastern China
Authors: Ezekiel Justin , Wang Yuting , Liu Yanmin , Zhang Liang , Deng Junyu , Ren Shaoran 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Air Injection into oil reservoirs specially offers unique technical and economic opportunities for secondary and/or tertiary oil recovery in light oil reservoirs with low permeability, in which conventional water injection techniques have been unsuccessful and/or uneconomical. This paper provides a comprehensive overview on the oxidation reactions and improved oil recovery (IOR) processes of air injection into low permeability light oil reservoir based on detailed analysis of some field projects and reservoir simulation case study carried out on a largely dipping, low permeability light oil reservoir, the Q131 oil block located in Eastern China to analyze the characteristics and processes of air injection.
Kinetic models of low temperature oxidation (LTO) reactions were designed and used in the reservoir simulation study to predict oxygen consumption in the reservoir, examine the reaction schemes, IOR mechanisms, and the thermal effect of oxidation reactions occurring during the air injection process. The results of the study including temperature effects, oxygen concentration, oil saturation, gas breakthrough, GOR, and cumulative oil produced were outlined and discussed in details. An average of increased oil recovery factor of more than 45% OOIP was achieved when using a maximum of 60000m3/day air injection rate and no oxygen breakthrough was observed at the production wells.
Tengiz Sour Gas Injection Modeling: A Geo-mechanics Approach to Understand Gas Breakthrough
Authors: Wu Ruiting , Rijken Margaretha C. , Macary Sameh , Shinikulova Merey , Amangaliev Bolat , Ayazov Zhalgasbek 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tengizchevroil (TCO) uses sour gas injection technology in a limited area of the Tengiz field in Kazakhstan (giant carbonate sour oil field) for pressure management and sour gas re-injection. Several sour gas injectors have been drilled and operated since 2007. A recent operational question is whether gas breakthrough is caused by fracturing induced by cold gas injection. Additionally, there is an interest in knowing the injection limits that do not result in induced fracturing.
In this paper, numerical modeling of sour gas injection using a geomechanics simulator is employed for the simulation of the Tengiz field sour gas injection. The aims are to investigate the potential of gas breakthrough and especially the effects from fracturing induced by cold sour gas injection. Historical injection rate and pressure data are used to calibrate the numerical model. Given the complexity of the field geological features, a sensitivity study is performed for future forecast. Critical parameters investigated include injection rate, injection temperature, stress, permeability, etc. The study considers a wide variability of the input values to fully evaluate the effect of gas injection.
The results of this study provide valuable guidance for TCO's sour gas injection strategy design which may impact future expansion of gas injection in addition to better performance towards operational excellence of the injection/production plan.