bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical Laparoscopic Treatment for Liver Hydatidosis
Authors: Ramia Jose M. , Poves Ignasi , Castellón Camilo , Diez‐Valladares Luis , Loinaz Carmelo , Serrablo Alejandro , Suarez Miguel A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere is no scientific evidence to show which surgical technique should be used in treating hydatidosis of the liver; nor is there consensus on whether laparoscopy should be used in hydatidosis, because of the risk of dissemination or anaphylaxis.MaterialsWe conducted a multicenter study of laparoscopic radical surgery for hydatidosis of the liver (LRSH). The main objectives of the study were to determine the feasibility of LRSH, to examine the associated morbidity, and to evaluate the associated recurrence rate.Materials and methodsThe present report is based on a retrospective multicenter study of patients with hydatid disease of the liver treated by LRSH. The study period was from January 2000 to April 2012.ResultsThere were 37 patients (46 % male) with 43 cysts. The median age was 53.1 years. Median cyst size was 5.8 cm. The most common location of the cyst was the left lateral sector (62 %). The median number of trocars used was 4. Protective scolicide‐soaked swabs were used in 57 % of patients. We performed 24 total closed cystectomies, 12 left lateral sectionectomies, and 4 liver resections. The median operating time was 185 min and the mean blood loss was 184 mL. The conversion rate was 8 %. Morbidity was 16 % and mortality 0 %. The length of hospital stay was 4.8 days. No cyst recurrence was observed after a follow‐up of 30.6 months.ConclusionsDespite the limitations and biases of a retrospective multicenter study, we believe that LRSH is feasible in favorable segments but is technically demanding. The low morbidity and absence of recurrence suggest that LRSH should be performed whenever feasible.
Characterization and Benzo[a]pyrene Content Analysis of Camellia Seed Oil Extracted by a Novel Subcritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Miao Jianyin , Che Ke , Xi Ruchun , He Liping , Chen Xuexiang , Guan Xiaosheng , Zhuang Xueying , Wen Xiujun , Cao Yong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA novel continuous subcritical n‐butane extraction technique for Camellia seed oil was explored. The fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, and benzo[a]pyrene content of Camellia seed oil extracted using this subcritical technique were analyzed. Orthogonal experiment design (L9(34)) was adopted to optimize extraction conditions. At a temperature of 45 °C, a pressure of 0.5 MPa, a time of 50 min and a bulk density of 0.7 kg/L, an extraction yield of 99.12 ± 0.20 % was obtained. The major components of Camellia seed oil are oleic acid (73.12 ± 0.40 %), palmitic acid (10.38 ± 0.05 %), and linoleic acid (9.15 ± 0.03 %). Unsaturated fatty acids represent 83.78 ± 0.03 % of the total fatty acids present. Eight physicochemical indexes were assayed, namely, iodine value (83.00 ± 0.21 g I/100 g), saponification value (154.81 ± 2.00 mg KOH/g), freezing‐point (−8.00 ± 0.10 °C), unsaponifiable matter (5.00 ± 0.40 g/kg), smoke point (215.00 ± 1.00 °C), acid value (1.24 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g), refrigeration test (transparent, at 0 °C for 5.5 h), and refractive index (1.46 ± 0.06, at 25 °C). Benzo[a]pyrene was not detected in Camellia seed oil extracted by continuous subcritical n‐butane extraction. In comparison, the benzo[a]pyrene levels of crude Camellia seed oil extracted by hot press extraction and refined Camellia seed oil were measured at 26.55 ± 0.70 and 5.69 ± 0.04 μg/kg respectively.
Association of parental Communication Deviance with offspring's psychiatric and thought disorders. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Roisko R. , Wahlberg K.-E. , Miettunen J. , Tienari P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElevated number of parental Communication Deviance (CD) has been connected with psychiatric and thought disorders in their offspring. However, no earlier systematic efforts have been made to review this issue. The aim of this study was to survey the existing literature systematically and perform a meta-analysis of this association. A literature search for published and unpublished observational studies on the association of parental Communication Deviance with psychopathology in the offspring was conducted. Multiple electronic databases were searched (from 1960 to 2012) and the reference lists of the resulting publications were scanned. The findings were pooled using random effect meta-analysis. A total of 19 relevant papers were found and accessed. The results showed that a high level of parental CD is associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the offspring. A large overall effect size (0.79) was found in the meta-analysis. No meta-analysis could be performed on the association of parental CD with an offspring's thought disorders, but the results suggest that such an association may exist. Parental Communication Deviance is associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the offspring. High parental CD could be treated as an indicator of a risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, at least among high-risk groups.
Solution of the flow over a non-uniform heavily loaded ducted actuator disk
Authors: Bontempo R. , Manna M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe paper presents an extension to ducted rotors of the nonlinear actuator disk theory of Conway (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 365, 1998, pp. 235–267) and it is exact for incompressible, axisymmetric and inviscid flows. The solution for the velocities and the Stokes stream function results from the superposition of ring vortices properly arranged along the duct surface and the wake region. Using a general analytical procedure the flow fields are given as a combination of one-dimensional integrals of expressions involving complete as well as incomplete elliptic integrals. The solution being exact, the proper shape of the slipstream whether converging or diverging is naturally accounted for, even for heavy loads. A semi-analytical method has been developed that enables the flow induced by an actuator disk housed in a contoured duct to be solved duly accounting for the nonlinear mutual interaction between the duct and the rotor. Non-uniform load distributions, rotor wake rotation and ducts of general shapes and thickness distribution can be dealt with. Thanks to its reduced numerical cost, the method is well suited for the design and/or analysis of ducted rotors for marine, wind and aeronautical applications.
A multifold reduction in the transition Reynolds number, and ultra-fast mixing, in a micro-channel due to a dynamical instability induced by a soft wall
Authors: Verma M. K. S. , Kumaran V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA dynamical instability is observed in experimental studies on micro-channels of rectangular cross-section with smallest dimension 100 and $160~\mathrm{\mu} \mathrm{m} $ in which one of the walls is made of soft gel. There is a spontaneous transition from an ordered, laminar flow to a chaotic and highly mixed flow state when the Reynolds number increases beyond a critical value. The critical Reynolds number, which decreases as the elasticity modulus of the soft wall is reduced, is as low as 200 for the softest wall used here (in contrast to 1200 for a rigid-walled channel). The instability onset is observed by the breakup of a dye-stream introduced in the centre of the micro-channel, as well as the onset of wall oscillations due to laser scattering from fluorescent beads embedded in the wall of the channel. The mixing time across a channel of width 1.5 mm, measured by dye-stream and outlet conductance experiments, is smaller by a factor of 105 than that for a laminar flow. The increased mixing rate comes at very little cost, because the pressure drop (energy requirement to drive the flow) increases continuously and modestly at transition. The deformed shape is reconstructed numerically, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out to obtain the pressure gradient and the velocity fields for different flow rates. The pressure difference across the channel predicted by simulations is in agreement with the experiments (within experimental errors) for flow rates where the dye stream is laminar, but the experimental pressure difference is higher than the simulation prediction after dye-stream breakup. A linear stability analysis is carried out using the parallel-flow approximation, in which the wall is modelled as a neo-Hookean elastic solid, and the simulation results for the mean velocity and pressure gradient from the CFD simulations are used as inputs. The stability analysis accurately predicts the Reynolds number (based on flow rate) at which an instability is observed in the dye stream, and it also predicts that the instability first takes place at the downstream converging section of the channel, and not at the upstream diverging section. The stability analysis also indicates that the destabilization is due to the modification of the flow and the local pressure gradient due to the wall deformation; if we assume a parabolic velocity profile with the pressure gradient given by the plane Poiseuille law, the flow is always found to be stable.
On the limitation of imposed velocity field strategy for Coulomb-driven electroconvection flow simulations
Authors: Traoré Philippe , Wu Jian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study refers to the article of Chicón, Castellanos & Martion (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 344, 1997, pp. 43–66), who presented a numerical study of electroconvection in a layer of dielectric liquid induced by unipolar injection. An important characteristic of the numerical strategy proposed by Chicón et al. lies in the fact that the Navier–Stokes equations are never solved to obtain the velocity field, which is subsequently needed in the charge density transport equation. Instead, the velocity field is explicitly provided by an expression obtained with some assumptions about the flow structure and related to the electric field (the imposed velocity field approach; IVF). The validity of the above simplification is examined through a direct comparison of the solutions obtained by solving the Navier–Stokes equations (the Navier–Stokes computation approach; NSC). It is clearly demonstrated that, even in the strong injection regime ($C= 10$), the results look very similar for a given range of the mobility parameter $M$; however, in the weak injection regime ($C= 0. 1$), significant discrepancies are observed. The rich flow structures obtained with the NSC approach invalidate the use of the IVF approach in the weak injection regime.
COHABITANTS IN PRIVATE LAW: TRUST, FRUSTRATION AND UNJUST ENRICHMENT IN ENGLAND, GERMANY AND CANADA
Authors: Sanders Anne 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNeither in England, nor in Germany, nor in all Canadian provinces, does the law provide specific rules for the redistribution of property for unmarried cohabitants after the breakdown of their relationship. Instead, courts apply the law of trusts, contract and unjust enrichment with an eye to the characteristics of intimate relationships, as, for example, in decisions like the EnglishJones v Kernott([2011] UKSC 53) and the CanadianKerr v Baranow(2011 SCC 10). This article compares English, Canadian, and German case law and evaluates it both from a doctrinal perspective and as a part of a general approach towards cohabitation. The article concludes with an appeal for legislative action that strikes the right balance between party autonomy and protection of the weaker party.
CHOICE OF LAW AND ANTI-SUIT INJUNCTIONS: RELOCATING COMITY
Authors: Sim Cameron 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEnglish private international law generally gives a potential role, where appropriate, to foreign law, by allowing for the application of choice of law rules to determine its relevance. Yet in the context of anti-suit injunctions granted otherwise than in aid of a contractual right not to be sued, choice of law is conspicuously absent. In those cases, courts simply apply thelex foriwithout paying any regard to foreign law, although the notion of comity is taken into account in the final decision on whether to grant anti-suit relief. Clearer identification of the grounds for granting such relief should limit application of thelex forito instances where the anti-suit injunction serves as a form of ancillary relief to protect the judicial processes of the forum, and in which comity plays no role. In all other cases, which ultimately concern private justice between the parties, comity is best understood as an expression of justice in cases involving foreign elements, and better reflected through choice of law rules, which might lead to the application of foreign law. This approach is preferable to invoking comity as a consideration relating to the manner in which the court regulates the grant of anti-suit relief, because courts tend to bestow rights, which parties may not otherwise have, under the cloak of comity. Understanding comity as the catalyst for taking account of foreign law assuages concerns about interfering with foreign courts, acts as a deterrent to remedy shopping, and provides greater certainty as regards the vindication of rights. The case for widening the application of choice of law in this context does not depend on Rome II, but if the principle is accepted, courts must follow the process which it specifies.
Head mirror versus headlight: illumination, visual identification and visual acuity for otolaryngological examination
Authors: Lin C-H , Hsu H-T , Chen P-Y , Huon L K , Lin Y-Z , Hung S-H 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate and compare the performance of head mirrors and headlights during otolaryngological examination.Methods:The illuminance and illumination field of each device were measured and compared. Visual identification and visual acuity were also measured, in 13 medical students and 10 otolaryngology specialists.Results:The illuminance (mean ± standard deviation) of the LumiView, Kimscope 1 W and Kimscope 3 W headlights and a standard head mirror were 352.3 ± 9, 92.3 ± 4.5, 438 ± 15.7 and 68.3 ± 1.2 lux, respectively. The illumination field of the head mirror (mean ± standard deviation) was 348 ± 29.8 grids, significantly greater than that of the Kimscope 3 W headlight (183 ± 9.2 grids) (p = 0.0017). The student group showed no statistically significant difference between visual identification with the best headlight and the head mirror (score means ± standard deviations: 56.2 ± 9 and 53.3 ± 14.1, respectively; p = 0.3). The expert group scored significantly higher for visual identification with head mirrors versus headlights (59.7 ± 3.3 vs 55.2 ± 5.8, respectively; p = 0.0035), but showed no difference for visual acuity.Conclusion:Despite the advantages of headlight illumination, head mirrors provided better, shadow-free illumination. Despite no differences amongst students, head mirrors performed better than headlights in experienced hands.
Rediscovery and augmented description of the HMS ‘Challenger’ acorn worm (Hemichordata, Enteropneusta),Glandiceps abyssicola, in the equatorial Atlantic abyss
Authors: Holland Nicholas D. , Osborn Karen J. , Gebruk Andrey V. , Rogacheva Antonina 
Published: July 2013

A 2009 oceanographic expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences collected the anterior region of a single acorn worm (phylum Hemichordata, class Enteropneusta) by trawling at a depth of 5560 m in the Romanche Trench (equatorial Atlantic). The specimen was a ripe female with numerous, relatively small oocytes in each ovary. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences robustly placed the worm in the family Spengelidae. In addition, morphological features of the proboscis, collar, and anterior trunk region indicated that the worm wasGlandiceps abyssicola, a species previously represented solely by the holotype, which had been dredged from the equatorial Atlantic in 1873 by the HMS ‘Challenger’ and subsequently sent to Germany for description by Spengel (1893). The holotype was presumably destroyed by World War II bombing; therefore, we here designate the Romanche Trench specimen as the neotype ofG. abyssicolaand supply an augmented species diagnosis.
Strong terahertz radiation generation by beating of extra-ordinary mode lasers in a rippled density magnetized plasma
Authors: Varshney Prateek , Sajal Vivek , Singh K.P. , Kumar Ravindra , Sharma Navneet K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA scheme of terahertz radiation generation is proposed by beating of two extra-ordinary lasers having frequencies and wave numbers$\lpar {\rm \omega}_1\comma \; \vec k_1 \rpar $and$\lpar {\rm \omega}_2\comma \; \vec k_2 \rpar $, respectively in a magnetized plasma. Terahertz wave is resonantly excited at frequency$\lpar {\rm \omega}_1 - {\rm \omega}_2 \rpar $and wave number (k1 − k2 + q) with a wave number mismatch factorqwhich is introduced by the periodicity of plasma density ripples. In this process, the lasers exert a beat ponderomotive force on plasma electrons and impart them an oscillatory velocity with both transverse and longitudinal components in the presence of transverse static magnetic field. The oscillatory velocity couples with density ripples and produces a nonlinear current that resonantly excites the terahertz radiation. Effects of periodicity of density ripples and applied magnetic field are analyzed for strong THz radiation generation. The terahertz radiation generation efficiency is found to be directly proportional to the square of density ripple amplitude and rises with the magnetic field strength. With the optimization of these parameters, the efficiency ~10−3is achieved in the present scheme. The frequency and power of generated THz radiation can be better tuned with the help of parameters like density ripple amplitude, periodicity and applied magnetic field strength in the present scheme.
Quality management: a retailer's view
Authors: Craig V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIt is only in the past few years that most retailers have taken specific interest in the actual production or growing of basic products such as meat and other produce. The food scares of the late 1980s including BSE in cattle, pesticides in produce and the control of Salmonella in chickens and eggs has emphasized the need for both retailers and manufacturers to control and monitor these building blocks of the food chain. Tesco ensures that manufacturers meet all criteria necessary to produce consistent high quality safe legal food by ensuring that they adhere to the criteria set down in the Tesco Quality Management Manual.The manual emphasizes the need for training in both hygiene and competency in the work place, the control of raw materials and the use of HACCP as the cornerstone of producing safe foods. It requires the use of internal audits by the manufacturer to show that this system works. In addition, Tesco approves all new suppliers, issues codes of good manufacturing practice, and product specification and monitors adherence to the quality management system by the use of audits at a level dependent on the product and the supplier's past performance.However, quality management cannot be seen simply as involving only the manufacturer. Tesco have incorporated the HACCP concept into both our distribution and retail systems. In excess of 25 000 staff have been through an examinable basic food hygiene course and all staff are provided with a wide range of documentation to ensure total understanding of their important rôle in the food chain. Again for both distribution and retail, auditing programmes have been organized.The consumer can and does play an important and crucial rôle in maintaining product quality and safety. Tesco aims to assist this by both accurate and informative packaging and a wide range of leaflets at communication centres.
In the making: pedagogies from MARS
Authors: Farmer Graham , Stacey Michael 
Published: July 2013

This paper reflects on experience gained through MARS (Making Architecture Research Studio) at the University of Nottingham. It argues for a densification of design teaching and learning through a direct, practical and tactile engagement with materials and making. It sets out the pedagogical benefits of exploring and theorising the practical, combined with the value and relevance of material practices. As a methodology of design teaching it suggests a multi-level, synergistic approach to pedagogy and practice that can build key knowledge and skills while avoiding a narrowly instrumental view of architectural education and practice. A key aim of the pedagogy of the studio is the development of an empathetic imagination, as clearly articulated by William Hazlitt (1805) in An Essay on the Principles of Human Action:The imagination, by means of which alone I can anticipate future objects, or be interested in them, must carry me out of myself into the feelings of others by one and the same process by which I am thrown forward as it were into my future being.
Effect of increasing voluntary folic acid food fortification on dietary folate intakes and adequacy of reproductive-age women in New Zealand
Authors: Evans Sophie E , Mygind Vanessa L , Peddie Meredith C , Miller Jody C , Houghton Lisa A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveMandatory folic acid fortification of breads in New Zealand was put on hold in 2009. At this time, bread manufacturers were requested to adopt greater voluntary fortification and agreed to add folic acid to approximately one-third of their bread range. We sought to evaluate the impact of increased voluntary fortification of bread and the proposed mandatory fortification programme on folate intake adequacy of reproductive-age women.DesignCross-sectional study conducted in 2008. Dietary data were collected using 3 d weighed food records and usual folate intakes were generated by modifying the food composition table as follows: (i) voluntary fortification of bread as of 2008 (six breads); (ii) increased voluntary fortification of bread as of 2011 (thirty-four breads); and (iii) mandatory fortification of all breads. The prevalence of inadequate folate intake was calculated for all three scenarios using the Estimated Average Requirement (320 μg dietary folate equivalents/d) cut-point method.SettingNew Zealand.SubjectsHealthy non-pregnant women (n 125) aged 18–40 years.ResultsUsual folate intake in 2008 was 362 μg dietary folate equivalents/d. Increased voluntary bread fortification led to a marginal increase in folate intakes (394 μg dietary folate equivalents/d) and a decline in inadequacy from 37 % to 29 %. Mandatory fortification resulted in an increase of 89 μg folic acid/d, which substantially shifted both the proportion of women with folic acid intakes above 100 μg/d and the distribution of overall folate intakes, producing a marked reduction in inadequacy to 5 %.ConclusionsIncreased voluntary bread fortification efforts are far inferior to mandatory fortification as a reliable public health intervention.