bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unique Features of Typhoon Rai (2021): An observational study
Authors: Petilla Clint Eldrick R. , Olaguera Lyndon Mark Payanay , Cruz Faye Abigail T. , Villarin Jose Ramon T. , Fudeyasu Hironori , Yoshida Ryuji , Matsumoto Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Tropical Cyclone (TC) RAI (2021) made a devastating landfall in the Siargao-Dinagat Islands of the southeastern Philippines on December 16, 2021, causing about USD 1.05B in damage, 405 reported dead and 52 missing. This TC reached a maximum sustained wind speed (MSW) of 105 kts (194.5 kph) and 915 hPa mean sea level pressure (MSLP) according to the WMO-IBTrACS. When compared with Philippine landfalling TCs from 1979 to 2020, this TC, among super typhoons (STYs), ranked second in terms of MSW and translational speed. Moreover, the TC had an unusual westward movement, faster translational speed, larger radius, and greater intensity when compared to seven other TCs that made landfall in the same month and region. The environmental factors along the path of TC RAI that may have contributed to its intensification include, but are not limited to, the above normal SST (+ 0.5 to 1.5°C) and ocean heat content, high low-level relative humidity (RH), and high specific humidity. These factors resulted in strong convergence and intensification until landfall. Composite analysis of and comparison with the seven TCs reveal that the atmospheric conditions during TC RAI had a consistently higher near-surface RH850hPa − 500hPa, which helped sustain its movement across the central Philippines. Moisture from the Philippine Sea was also drawn into central Philippines, which received at least 125–150 mm of rainfall. The extension of the western North Pacific Subtropical High along 20°N and strong easterly flow may have facilitated the TC’s unusual straight and westward movement.
Exploration of Working Memory Retrieval Stage for Mild Cognitive Impairment: Time-Varying Causality Analysis of Electroencephalogram Based on Dynamic Brain Networks
Authors: Jiang Yi , Guo Zhiwei , Jiang Ning , He Jiayuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its management is crucial for it helps intervene and slow the progression of cognitive decline to AD. However, the understanding of the MCI mechanism is not completely clear. As working memory (WM) damage is a common symptom of MCI, this study focused on the core stage of WM, i.e., memory retrieval stage, to investigate information processing and the causality relationships among brain regions based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.
Method
21 MCI and 20 normal cognitive control (NC) participants were recruited. The delayed matching sample paradigm with two different loads was employed to evaluate their WM functions. A time-varying network based on the Adaptive transfer function (ADTF) was constructed on the EEG of the memory retrieval trials.to perform the dynamic brain network analysis.
Results
Our results showed that: (a) Behavioral data analysis: there were significant differences in accuracy and accuracy / reaction time between MCI and NC in tasks with memory load capacity of low load-four and high load-six, especially in tasks with memory load capacity of four. (b) Dynamic brain network analysis: there were significant differences in the dynamic changes of brain network patterns between the two groups during the memory retrieval stage of WM task. Specifically, in low load WM tasks, the dynamic brain network changes of NC were more regular to accommodate for efficient information processing, with important core nodes showing a transition from bottom to up, while MCI did not display a regular dynamic brain network pattern. Further, the brain functional areas associated with low load WM disorders were mainly located in the left prefrontal lobe (FC1) and right occipital lobe (PO8). Compared with low load WM task, during the high load WM task, the dynamic brain network changes of NC during the memory retrieval stage were regular, and the core nodes exhibited a consistent transition phenomenon from up to bottom to up, which were not observed in MCI.
Conclusions
Behavioral data in the low load WM task paradigm and abnormal electrophysiological signals in the left prefrontal (FC1) and right occipital lobes (PO8) could be used for MCI diagnosis. This is the first time based on large-scale dynamic network methods to investigate the dynamic network patterns of MCI memory retrieval stages under different load WM tasks, providing a new perspective on the neural mechanisms of WM deficits in MCI patients and providing some reference for the clinical treatment of MCI-WM memory disorders.
Patient-Specific Effects of Metformin on Hepatic Metabolism in Adolescent NAFLD Patients
Authors: Holzhuetter Hermann-Georg , Hudert Christian , Berndt Nikolaus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: Metformin is a commonly prescribed antidiabetic drug that inhibits hepatic glucose production (HGP). The effect of metformin on other key metabolic functions of the liver and the extent of inter-individual variation are largely unknown.
Methods: We used our mathematical model HEPATOKIN1 of liver metabolism, developed and validated in a previously published study, to assess the effect of metformin on liver metabolism in adolescent patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Results: On average, a single dose of metformin reduced diurnal hepatic glucose production (HGP) by 19%. Based on the z(1) score, 15% of patients were classified as low responders or high responders. During elevated metformin plasma levels for about four hours after metformin ingestion, energy metabolism, cystosolic and mitochondrial redox potential, urea synthesis and ketone body synthesis were reduced by 10-30%, but averaged over 24 hours, these metabolic side effects were not significant. The reduction in HGP correlated strongly with the reduction in lactate uptake, making the increase in plasma lactate after drug ingestion a likely indicator of metformin efficacy. Of the 50 clinical parameters tested, only plasma lactate and plasma insulin activity correlated positively with the reduction in HGP.
Conclusion: On a daily average, metformin selectively affects hepatic glucose production, glycogen storage and lactate uptake, while numerous other metabolic functions are significantly altered for several hours after administration of the drug. Our method provides a patient-specific analysis of the potential effects of metformin therapy on central hepatic metabolism and may therefore help guide the physician's therapeutic decision.
Partnering Curiosity with Creative Connections Through the Change Minds Project : An Integrated Commununity Case Study
Authors: Hardy Sally , Drysdale Laura , Tuson Gary 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Providing sustainable mental health and wellbeing interventions for those living with serious mental illness remains an area of research interest and therapeutic improvement priorities globally. Any search for progressive mental health treatments often seeks to move away from traditional and historical approaches in search of novel innovations. The Change Minds project embraces the past as a significant data source for enabling those living with mental health issues to find creative connections, exploring how to think differently about what can be learned from the past that promotes living well with a mental health diagnosis. Change Minds is delivered in a unique tripartite organisational partnership approach, bringing together the National Archive Record Office, with local mental health service providers, linked to the original charity host, The Restoration Trust. For three years Change Minds has brought together small social groups of people living with mental health issues, supported by their mental health services, and introduced them to the process of searching local archive asylum records. The Change Minds project facilitates participants through researching asylum case records, identifying and following aspects of interest and curiosity about the daily lives of past asylum personnel. The project ends with participants seeking to represent their own research insights through a creative output or artefact of choice. Old and new social connections, creative expression and peer support have been tried and tested across several sites in England, to produce significant well-being outcomes. The project offers tangible evidence of personal growth, confidence and connection, in contrast to participants prior experiences of living with a serious mental illness such as consequences of social isolation and long-term internal turmoil, as a novel case study of integrated community care provision.
Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin Loaded on Nanocarrier Systems on Human Cervical Cancer (HeLa) Cell Line and Determination of Some Genes Expression Profiles
Authors: UTKU Kenan , TAS Ayca , CAKMAK Nese KEKLIKCIOGLU , SILIG Yavuz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the drugs that used in treatment of cervical cancer. DOX has a wide spectrum of anticancer activity, but its clinical application is limited because of its serious side effects, especially cardiotoxicity. In this study, firstly titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized in order to reduce or completely remove such disadvantages and increase the anticancer activity of DOX. Due to the very high toxicity of TiO2, a new drug delivery system called nanocarrier system, was created when it TiO2 modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Finally, the synthesized nano-carrier system was modified with anti-cancer drug DOX. In this study, the synthesized nanoparticles TiO2, DOX, PEG-TiO2, PEG-TiO2-DOX were applied on human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and cytotoxic dose was determined by MTT method. Different concentrations (0.5–50 µg / ml) of TiO2, DOX, PEG-TiO2, PEG-TiO2-DOX drugs were applied on the human cervical cancer cell line HeLa for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and IC50 doses were calculated. Among these drugs, TiO2 and DOX were found to be the most active after 72 hours. PEG-TiO2-DOX nanocarrier based drug was found to be IC50 6.467 ± 0.135 µg / ml. In the next step, obtained from the incubation of each drugs for 48 hours IC50 doses were applied on HeLa cell line and incubated for 48 hours then RNA was izolated from the cells. After that we synthesized cDNA from RNA samples and 24 genes were determined by real time RT-PCR analysis method. As a result, all gene expression increased with the effect of TiO2 drug except GPX1, PRDX1, CTNNB1 and CDNK1A genes. With the effect of PEG-TiO2, the expression levels of GPX1, SOD1, CAT, PRDX1, CSNK1A1, TOP2A, BAX, NQO1, TP53 and CASP2 genes increased, while the expression levels of all other genes had decreased. On the other hand, while the expression level of CTNNB1 and MYC genes had decreased with the effect of DOX, the expression levels of other genes had increased. When the effect of PEG-TiO2-DOX was examined, we found that the expression levels of all genes had increased except ERCC1, ATR, PRKDC, PDGFB and MYC genes expression had decreased.
Cytological Analysis of Flower Development, Insights into Suitable Growth Area and Genomic Background: Implications for Glehnia Littoralis Conservation and Sustainable Utilization
Authors: An Chang , Ye Kangzhuo , Jiang Runfa , Chen Jiayi , Yao Yixin , Lu Lin , Cheng Yan , Liu Ruoyu , Liu Xiaofen , Zhao Heming , Qin Yuan , Zheng Ping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Backgroud
Glehnia littoralis, an endangered plant species with significant medicinal, edible, and ecological value, has become a focal point of concern for conservation and sustainable utilization. Strengthening research on the reproductive development of G. littoralis is crucial for understanding its mechanisms of endangerment.
Results
Our observations have revealed significant floral sterility in wild populations of G. littoralis. The inflorescences of G. littoralis can be classified into three types: completely fertile, completely sterile, and partially fertile compound umbels. Moreover, the flowers of G. littoralis can be categorized into fertile and sterile types. The stigma, ovary, and ovules of sterile flowers showed abnormalities. For the first time, we have discovered that the presence or absence of a giant cell at the funiculus during the initiation of ovule primordium determines whether the flower can develop normally, providing cytological evidence for female sterility in G. littoralis. Conversely, both fertile and sterile flowers produced normally developed pollen. The production of fertile pollen by sterile flowers could have represented an adaptive survival strategy of G. littoralis under harsh conditions to increase pollination opportunities and promote reproductive success. Field observations have suggested that robust plants produce more fertile umbels, while weaker ones have fewer or even no fertile umbels, implying a close relationship between flower fertility and plant nutritional status. Identifying suitable growth areas was crucial for providing an optimal environment for G. littoralis. Our analysis has revealed that the eastern coastal regions of China, as well as prospective areas in Neimenggu and Sichuan, represent suitable environments for its cultivation. Additionally, the conservation of genetic resources was crucial for the preservation and sustainable utilization of endangered plants. We also provided a first insight into the genomic background of G. littoralis through flow cytometry and genome survey sequencing.
Conclusion
The observations and findings presented in this study were expected to provide valuable insights for further conserving its genetic resources and sustainable utilization of G. littoralis.
Exfoliated tungsten disulfide-polypyrrole nanocomposites
Authors: Kozma Michael , Bissessur Rabin , Gao Bowen , Dahn Douglas C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Exfoliated tungsten disulfide-polypyrrole nanocomposites were synthesized via an in-situ polymerization method and characterized by techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Seebeck coefficient, and electronic conductivity measurements. The electronic conductivity was found to decrease as the mass % of tungsten disulfide (WS2) in the nanocomposites was increased. The Seebeck coefficients on the synthesized materials were small and positive, suggesting that the bulk polypyrrole and synthesized nanocomposites were p-type conductors. Addition of WS2 to the polypyrrole showed no changes in thermal stability.
Stock status and management for the exploited whiting (Merlangius merlangus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Eastern Black Sea
Authors: ÇİLOĞLU Erhan , ŞAHİN Cemalettin , REİS İsmail 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study used data from commercial fisheries along Turkey's southeastern Black Sea coast. A total of 3,394 samples of Merlangius merlangus were collected. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters, asymptotic length (L∞), growth constant (K) and to, were determined to be 40.89 cm, 0.10 cm and − 1.1411 cm, respectively. The first capture length (Lc50) was determined to be 11.82 cm, while total natural and fishing mortality was estimated to be 0.85, 0.29 and 0.56, respectively. In the recruitment pattern, three periods were found: March, August, and November. The estimated fixed biomass based on VPA data was 569.620.7 tonnes. Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) for whiting could be achieved at an exploitation rate of 0.66. For an exploitation rate of E0.1, the marginal increase in relative yield per recruit by 10% was 0.507, and for an exploitation rate of E0.5, it was 0.311. The current level of exploitation (approximately 449.70 tonnes) was determined using the Thompson and Bell method with an F-factor of 0.56. The F-factor of 1.0 corresponds to a maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of 498.180 tonnes. At the current fishing level (F = 0.56), biomass was reduced reduced by 25% (168.026 tonnes) of unfished biomass (666.206 metric tonnes).
Inhalation Exposure to Cross-linked Polyacrylic Acid Induces Pulmonary Disorders
Authors: Higashi Yasuyuki , Nishida Chinatsu , Izumi Hiroto , Sato Kazuma , Kawai Naoki , Tomonaga Taisuke , Morimoto Toshiki , Yamasaki Kei , Wang Ke-Yong , Higashi Hidenori , Moriyama Akihiro , Takeshita Jun-Ichi , Kojima Takuma , Sakurai Kazuo , Yatera Kazuhiro , Morimoto Yasuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Organic polymers are used widely in daily necessities, foods, and medicines, but recent reports show that cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CL-PAA), an organic polymer, induces severe lung disease. Whereas most previous toxicity studies of CL-PAA were intratracheal instillation studies, we conducted inhalation exposure studies to corroborate those findings.Methods: We conducted 5-day (subacute) and 13-week (subchronic) inhalation exposure studies using CL-PAA. In the subacute inhalation study, male F344 rats inhaled 0.2 mg/m3, 2.0 mg/m3, or 20 mg/m3of CL-PAA for 6 hours/day for 5 days. Rats were sacrificed 3 days and 1 month after the exposure. In the subchronic inhalation study, male F344 rats inhaled 0.2 mg/m3or 2.0 mg/ m3of CL-PAA for 6 hours/day for 5 days/week for 13 weeks. Rats were sacrificed from 3 days to 6 months after exposure. We also investigated the mechanism of pulmonary disorders by conducting an additional subacute inhalation exposure (CL-PAA 20 mg/m3) study, in which the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (200 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. The rats in that study were sacrificed on the day after the exposure.Results: Subacute inhalation exposure resulted in concentration-dependent increases in neutrophil influx, total protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in lung tissue. Histopathological findings in the lung tissue also showed neutrophil infiltration in a concentration-dependent manner. Subchronic inhalation exposure resulted in persistent increases in total protein in BALF and HO-1 in lung tissue. Histopathological findings in the lung tissue showed persistent neutrophil infiltration and fibrosis. NAC administration decreased the number of neutrophils, total protein, LDH, and CINC in the BALF, and HO-1 in the lung tissue. Histopathological findings of the lung tissue also showed that NAC administration improved neutrophil infiltration.Conclusion: Inhalation of CL-PAA for 5 days induced concentration-dependent inflammation in the rats' lungs. Inhalation of CL-PAA for 13 weeks induced persistent inflammation and fibrosis in the rats' lungs. We considered that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for chronic pulmonary disorders was 0.2 mg/m3. Furthermore, oxidative stress was associated with CL-PAA-induced pulmonary inflammation, and NAC administration attenuated the pulmonary inflammation.
Characterization and Antibacterial Properties of CoCrCuFeNi High Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles Synthesized by Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Mahan Nazar Khalaf , Al-Marjani Mohammed F. , Krishnan Ganesan , Salman Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lactobacillus acidophilus (LB) can produce high purity nanoparticles, it is a top-down biological method based on the principle of dividing metal ion bulk precursors into metal atoms, this biosynthesis method was used in this work to synthesize CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined using SEM analysis. Subsequently, their antibacterial and anti-bioﬁlm activity were tested against a Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and a Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) that were isolated from the urinary tract infection. The results indicated that CoCrCuFeNi HEA NPs produced via the LB, along with CoCrCuFeNi HEA NPs + LB supernatant, displayed antibacterial inhibition zones measuring 35 mm against E.coli and 25 mm against S. aureus. On the other hand, the anti-bioﬁlm effectiveness of the CoCrCuFeNi HEA NPs+LB on a catheter was determined to surpass 45% against E. coli.
Network pharmacological analysis and experimental verification of Zisheng Tongmai decoction in the treatment of Premature ovarian failure
Authors: Wu Jiaru , Wen Mengjie , Wang Zecheng , Yu Kun , Jin Xinyue , Liu Chenxu , Song Qiuhang , Zhang Guohong , Wu Beibei , Li Yunfeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a disease that seriously jeopardizes women's physical and mental health worldwide. Zisheng Tongmai decoction (ZSTMD), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula, has a marked effect on the clinical treatment of POF. This study investigated the potential mechanism of ZSTMD to improve POF through network pharmacology and experimental validation.
Methods
The active components, key targets and potential mechanisms of ZSTMD against POF were predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. The POF model was induced in rats by cyclophosphamide (CTX) and subsequently gavaged with different doses of ZSTMD. KGN cells were treated with different concentrations of quercetin and CTX. Histopathological were observed via hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunofluorescence staining. Serum estrogen levels were detected via ELISA. Protein expression was detected via Western blotting.
Results
We identified quercetin as the main active ingredients targeting VEGFA. Molecular docking showed that VEGFA interacted well with the main active components of ZSTMD. In vivo experiments, ZSTMD significantly increased body weight and the ovarian index, significantly increased E2 and AMH, and decreased FSH and LH in POF rats. Histologic results showed that ZSTMD increased the number of follicles and vascular density in the ovary. It also increased VEGFA and CD31 protein expression. In vitro experiments, quercetin suppressed CTX-induced apoptosis in KGN cells and increased VEGFA protein expression.
Discussion
Our study demonstrated that ZSTMD improves POF by promoting angiogenesis through VEGFA target.
A functional chaperone condensate in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Hiller Sebastian , Leder Anna , Mas Guillaume , Szentgyörgyi Viktória , Jakob Roman , Maier Timm , Spang Anne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

One third of eukaryotic proteins are processed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to obtain their correct structure1-3. This function is ensured by a network of molecular chaperones that recognizes client proteins and assists their folding4,5. How the ER chaperones organize in a supramolecular manner to exert their cooperativity has, however, remained unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a multi-chaperone condensate in the ER lumen, which is formed around the chaperone PDIA6 during protein folding homeostasis. We resolve the structure of PDIA6 and the mechanism underlying its condensate formation at the atomic and cellular level. We find that the multivalency required for PDIA6 phase separation is created by two specific interfaces. One of these interfaces is regulated by a Ca2+-dependent molecular switch, allowing dynamic adaptations to ER stress. The PDIA6 condensates recruit further chaperones, in particular Hsp70 BiP, J-domain protein ERdj3, disulfide isomerase PDIA1 and Hsp90 Grp94, which are the essential components of the early folding machinery. The chaperone condensates enhance folding of client proteins, which we show exemplarily on proinsulin, and prevent protein misfolding in the ER lumen. The PDIA6-scaffolded chaperone condensates hence provide the functional basis for spatial and temporal coordination of the dynamic ER chaperone network.