bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of closed-incision negative pressure therapy in primary total joint arthroplasty: a break-even analysis
Authors: Luzzi Andrew J , Crockatt William K , Ferrer Xavier , Kunes Jennifer A , Shah Roshan P , Geller Jeffrey A , Cooper H John 
Published: August 2024

Objective: Surgical site complications (SSCs) are the leading cause of unplanned emergency department visits and readmissions following total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The use of closed-incision negative pressure therapy (ciNPT) has shown promise in reducing SSC occurrence. However, no study has evaluated the cost-effectiveness of ciNPT in primary TJA. The purpose of this study was to calculate the break-even absolute risk reduction (ARR) of SSCs, the break-even treatment cost of SSCs, and the break-even cost-of-use for ciNPT, based on existing literature to assess the cost-effectiveness of ciNPT in primary TJA. Method: Relevant values for ARR, infection treatment cost and intervention cost were obtained via literature review. A break-even analysis was conducted to investigate the cost-effectiveness of ciNPT use in primary TJA, as well as to derive the ARR, infection treatment cost (Ct) and intervention protocol cost (Cp) values at which ciNPT use becomes cost-effective. Results: The values derived from the literature review were as follows: Cp=$160.76 USD; Ct=$5348.78 USD; ARR=0.0375. The break-even ARR was calculated to be 3.0%, the break-even Cp was calculated to be $200.58 USD, and the break-even Ct was calculated to be $4286.93 USD. The ARR of ciNPT use was greater than the calculated break-even ARR. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrated that ciNPT use in primary TJA was cost-effective. By examining the difference between the calculated break-even Cp and the Cp reported in the literature, the cost saved per patient treated with ciNPT can be calculated to be $39.82 USD.
Electron beam welding residual height measurement by line laser illumination and telecentric imaging
Authors: Li Lulu , Huang Xiaojin , Li He , Liu Qian 
Published: August 2024

Residual height significantly affects the fatigue life of electron beam welding (EBW) joints. Therefore, accurate measurement of the EBW residual height is necessary for grinding and removing it, to improve the fatigue resistance of the joint. However, there is no specific method for the EBW residual height measurement, and existing methods for other regular welds are often unsuitable due to their limitations. This paper proposes a novel EBW residual height measurement method, to the best of our knowledge, based on line laser illumination and telecentric imaging [line laser telecentric imaging (LLTI)]. Unlike regular line-structured light methods based on near-centered imaging, telecentric imaging has advantages on the simple imaging model, minimal aberration, and can avoid a complex calibration process and improve the detection accuracy. In this paper, residual height calculation algorithms for both flat and cylindrical bases of LLTI are discussed, and, for cylindrical base welds, an error analysis is conducted and a corresponding solution is proposed. A series of experiments is conducted, and the accuracy is under 0.02 mm, which proves the effectiveness of the LLTI method.
Dual-comb-enhanced microwave clock synchronization over commercial fiber
Authors: Chen Ziyang , Yu Dongrui , Lu Ganbin , Zhang Yufei , Yu Song , Luo Bin , Guo Hong 
Published: August 2024

The large-scale clock network is the key ingredient to obtain high
precision in many scenarios, from fundamental research to cutting-edge
applications. The advantage of the time synchronization among
microwave clocks is their cost, size, and accessibility. Here, we
demonstrate a femtosecond-level time synchronization of microwave
clocks through a commercial link of 205.86 km via dual-comb-enhanced
optical two-way time transfer, which achieves a 6.23-fs residual time
deviation between synchronized timescales at 1 s and an instability
below 6×10−18 at 10,000 s. Further, the
high-precision time synchronization of microwave clocks significantly
enhances the probe ability of subtle reciprocity changes of fiber to
the sub-picosecond level. This work provides a path toward secure
fiber time-frequency networks to support future microwave-clock-based
precise timing and sensing systems.
Severe COVID-19 infection: An institutional review and literature overview
Authors: Akpoviroro Ogheneyoma , Sauers Nathan Kyle , Uwandu Queeneth , Castagne Myriam , Akpoviroro Oghenetejiro Princess , Humayun Sara , Mirza Wasique , Woodard Jameson 
Published: August 2024

Background
Our study aimed to describe the group of severe COVID-19 patients at an institutional level, and determine factors associated with different outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients admitted with severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 infection. Based on outcomes, we categorized 3 groups of severe COVID-19: (1) Favorable outcome: progressive care unit admission and discharge (2) Intermediate outcome: ICU care (3) Poor outcome: in-hospital mortality.

Results
Eighty-nine patients met our inclusion criteria; 42.7% were female. The average age was 59.7 (standard deviation (SD):13.7). Most of the population were Caucasian (95.5%) and non-Hispanic (91.0%). Age, sex, race, and ethnicity were similar between outcome groups. Medicare and Medicaid patients accounted for 62.9%. The average BMI was 33.5 (SD:8.2). Moderate comorbidity was observed, with an average Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI) of 3.8 (SD:2.6). There were no differences in the average CCI between groups(p = 0.291). Many patients (67.4%) had hypertension, diabetes (42.7%) and chronic lung disease (32.6%). A statistical difference was found when chronic lung disease was evaluated; p = 0.002. The prevalence of chronic lung disease was 19.6%, 27.8%, and 40% in the favorable, intermediate, and poor outcome groups, respectively. Smoking history was associated with poor outcomes (p = 0.04). Only 7.9% were fully vaccinated. Almost half (46.1%) were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Patients spent an average of 12.1 days ventilated (SD:8.5), with an average of 6.0 days from admission to ventilation (SD:5.1). The intermediate group had a shorter average interval from admission to ventilator (77.2 hours, SD:67.6), than the poor group (212.8 hours, SD:126.8); (p = 0.001). The presence of bacterial pneumonia was greatest in the intermediate group (72.2%), compared to the favorable group (17.4%), and the poor group (56%); this was significant (p<0.0001). In-hospital mortality was seen in 28.1%.

Conclusion
Most patients were male, obese, had moderate-level comorbidity, a history of tobacco abuse, and government-funded insurance. Nearly 50% required mechanical ventilation, and about 28% died during hospitalization. Bacterial pneumonia was most prevalent in intubated groups. Patients who were intubated with a good outcome were intubated earlier during their hospital course, with an average difference of 135.6 hours. A history of cigarette smoking and chronic lung disease were associated with poor outcomes.
Outcomes of different steroid dosing regimens in critical Covid-19 pneumonia at a Kenyan hospital: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Odhiambo John Otieno , Shah Jasmit , Kunyiha Nancy , Makasa Charles , Riunga Felix 
Published: August 2024

Background
Among therapeutic options for severe and critical COVID- 19 infection, dexamethasone six milligrams once daily for ten days has demonstrated mortality benefit and is guideline recommended at this dose. In practice, variable doses of steroids have been used, especially in critical care settings. Our study aimed to determine the pattern of steroid dosing and outcomes in terms of critical care mortality, occurrence of dysglycaemias, and occurrence of superadded infections in patients with critical COVID-19.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was carried out on all eligible patients admitted to the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, with critical COVID-19 between 1st March 2020 and 31st December 2021. The intervention of interest was corticosteroids quantified as the average daily dose in milligrams of dexamethasone. A steroid dose of six milligrams once a day was compared to high dose steroid dosing, which was defined as any dose greater than this. The primary outcome measure was ICU mortality and secondary outcomes included occurrence of dysglycaemias, superadded infections and duration of critical care admission.

Results
The study included 288 patients. The median age was 61.2 years (IQR: 49.7, 72.5), with 71.2% of patients being male. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (60.7%), hypertension (58%), and heart disease (12.2%). The average oxygen saturation and C-reactive protein at admission were 82% [IQR: 70.0–89.0]and 113.0 [IQR: 54.0–186.0], respectively. Fifty-eight percent of patients received a standard dose (6mg) of steroids. The mortality rate was higher in the high-dose group compared to the standard-dose group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (47.9% vs 43.7% p = 0.549). The two most common steroid associated adverse effects were uncomplicated hyperglycemia (62.2%) and superimposed bacterial pneumonia (20.1%). The high-dose group had a higher incidence of uncomplicated hyperglycemia compared to the standard-dose group (63.6% vs 61.1%). However, the incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis was lower in the high dose group (0.6% vs 6.6%). Oxygen saturation at admission was associated with survival where it was lower among non-survivor patients with critical COVID-19.

Conclusion
The study found that high-dose steroids in the treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia did not confer any mortality benefit and were associated with an increased risk of dysglycemia and superimposed infections.
Transnational Student Return Migration and Megacities in China: Practices of Cityzenship, Zhe Wang (2023)
Authors: Jia Xinlin 
Published: August 2024

Review of: Transnational Student Return Migration and Megacities in China: Practices of Cityzenship, Zhe Wang (2023)
Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 155 pp.,
ISBN 978-9-81992-082-2, h/bk, EUR 39.99
ISBN 978-9-81992-083-9, e-book, EUR 32.09
Oral Breathing Facilitates Endoscopic Operability Compared With Nasal Breathing in Peroral Endoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Takahashi Keitaro , Iwama Takuya , Muto Momotaro , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Yu , Ando Katsuyoshi , Kashima Shin , Ueno Nobuhiro , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Harada Kazumichi , Teramoto Takashi , Fujiya Mikihiro 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Unsedated peroral endoscopy, including ultrathin endoscopy (UE) and conventional endoscopy (CE), is feasible in clinical practice but requires improved endoscopic operability and patient tolerance. Currently, the impact of the breathing method on these factors remains unclear. We conducted the first randomized controlled trial comparing oral breathing (OB) and nasal breathing (NB) during both UE and CE to assess their influence.

METHODS:
About 252 eligible patients undergoing CE or UE were randomly assigned to OB or NB groups. Endoscopists and patients rated endoscopic operability and patient tolerance using a 100-mm visual analog scale. Visibility from the oral cavity to the middle pharynx was recorded.

RESULTS:
OB led to a higher rate of improved visibility from the oral cavity to the middle pharynx compared with NB, ranging from 79.3% to 81.0%. Multivariate correlation analyses showed significantly lower visual analog scale scores for endoscopic operability with OB compared with NB in both UE and CE groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the overall evaluation of patient tolerance between OB and NB groups in UE and CE, whereas the smaller diameter of UE exhibited better patient tolerance compared with CE. Discriminant analysis comparing endoscope types and breathing methods revealed that UE with OB outperformed other combinations in the overall evaluation of endoscopic operability and patient tolerance (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
OB facilitates endoscopic operability compared with NB in peroral endoscopy. UE with OB is recommended as the preferred choice for unsedated peroral endoscopy in daily practice.
Clinical Characteristics, Endoscopic Findings, and Treatment Outcomes in Lymphocytic Esophagitis Compared With Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Savarino Edoardo , Del Corso Giulio , Herlihy Naoimh , Ghisa Matteo , Dunn Jason M. , Marciano Emanuele , Wong Terry , Green Michael , de Bortoli Nicola , Zeki Sebastian 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Lymphocytic esophagitis (LyE) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) are immune-mediated esophageal diseases. Clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and treatment outcomes of LyE were compared with EoE.

METHODS:
This was an international retrospective study on adults enrolled at 3 centers in Europe. We recorded clinical characteristics and endoscopy findings at baseline and symptoms, histology, and endoscopy outcomes after treatment of patients with LyE and EoE.

RESULTS:
Demographics, clinical presentation, comorbidities, and endoscopy findings were largely different in 35 patients with LyE compared with 59 patients with EoE. Proton pump inhibitor response was generally lower in LyE.

DISCUSSION:
LyE is clinically different from EoE, but differences in treatment response need further investigation.
Alterations of plasma metabolomes and their correlations with immunogenicity in maintenance hemodialysis patients receiving different COVID‐19 vaccine regimens
Authors: Narongkiatikhun Phoom , Thonusin Chanisa , Sriwichaiin Sirawit , Nawara Wichwara , Fanhchaksai Kanda , Wongsarikan Nuttanun , Kumfu Sirinart , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients exhibit compromised immune responses, leading to lower immunogenicity to the COVID‐19 vaccine than the general population. The metabolomic factors influencing COVID‐19 vaccine response in MHD patients remain elusive. A cross‐sectional study was conducted with 30 MHD patients, divided into three vaccine regimen groups (N= 10 per group): homologous CoronaVac® (SV‐SV), homologous ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 (AZ‐AZ), and heterologous prime‐boost (SV‐AZ). Plasma samples were collected at baseline and at 28 days after the final dose to analyze 92 metabolomic levels using targeted metabolomics. The study included 30 MHD patients (mean age 56.67 ± 10.79 years) with similar neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels across vaccine regimens. The most significant differences in metabolomics were found between AZ‐AZ and SV‐SV, followed by SV‐AZ versus SV‐SV, and AZ‐AZ versus SV‐AZ. Overall, the metabolomic changes involved amino acids like glutamate and phenylalanine, and phospholipids. Prevaccination metabolomic profiles, including PG (38:1), lysoPE (20:2), lysoPC (18:2), lysoPI (18:1), and PC (34:2), exhibited negative correlations with postvaccination nAb levels. Different COVID‐19 vaccine regimens had unique interactions with the immune response in MHD patients. Amino acid and phospholipid metabolisms play crucial roles in nAb formation, with the phospholipid metabolism being a potentially predictive marker of vaccine immunogenicity among MHD patients.
A sustainable management model to reduce food loss and waste in agro-processing industries
Authors: Silvestri Bartolomeo , Facchini Francesco , Digiesi Salvatore , Ranieri Luigi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Agri-food processing industries generate a significant amount of food waste during different stages of processing. Sustainable food loss and waste (FLW) management aims to reduce, reuse, and recover the waste generated. To successfully implement strategies capable of pursuing these goals there is the need to connect agri-food processing industries with possible stakeholders in the use of waste generated. Primary processing centres are an example of industries that generate waste from the processing of fruits and vegetables. A model able to increase the environmental, economic, and social benefits of FLW reuse with appropriate strategies is proposed in this study. It is based on a multicriteria decision-making approach and a business-to-business web platform to support decision makers in identifying the best FLW management strategies from a quantity reduction and/or sustainability maximization perspective. Numerical simulations highlight the effectiveness of the model in identifying the best FLW management strategies within a panel of alternatives.
Pulse echo method for characterizing the ultrasonic properties of argan oil compared to vegetable oils with similar fatty acid profiles
Authors: Ettahiri Mohamed , Hamine Adil , Ouacha El houssaine , Mesbah Hicham , Tafkirte Mounir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the use of a non-destructive ultrasonic pulse-echo method to characterize argan oil and other vegetable oils with similar fatty acid profiles. Ultrasonic parameters such as velocity, acoustic attenuation and reflection coefficient were measured across different temperatures. These parameters were used to create predictive models of ultrasonic velocity using partial least squares regression. Results demonstrated significant correlations between ultrasonic properties, oil temperature and fatty acid content. Specifically, ultrasonic velocity was found to be directly proportional to the content of saturated fatty acids and inversely proportional to the content of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The reflection coefficient was also found to correlate with the fatty acid composition and temperature of the oils. Additionally, both ultrasonic velocity and acoustic attenuation decreased as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 50 °C. At 25 °C, the acoustic attenuation for argan oil was 22.37 Np/m, decreasing to 11.37 Np/m at 50 °C. These correlations allowed for the differentiation between food-grade argan oil, argan oil from seeds regurgitated by goats, sesame oil and peanut oil. The developed predictive models exhibited high coefficients of determination, with a value of 97.03 for argan oil, indicating strong agreement between measured and predicted ultrasonic velocities. This research highlights the potential of ultrasonic techniques for oil characterization and quality control.
Oral vs. injected: which vitamin D boost works best for low levels?
Authors: Agarwal Neha , Lohani Pallavi , Singh Shruti 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Vitamin D is essential for maintaining bone and mineral balance. This study aims to identify the most effective route for achieving optimal vitamin D levels (≥30 ng/mL) to support bone and mineral health.

Methods
In this open-label randomized trial, 132 participants aged 18–60 with initial serum vitamin D levels below 30 ng/mL were divided into three intervention groups: daily 800 I.U. oral tablet (Group A), weekly 60,000 I.U. oral sachet (Group B), and monthly 300,000 I.U. intramuscular injection (Group C). The study assessed changes in their serum vitamin D levels at six and 12 weeks.

Results
The monthly intramuscular (IM) group consistently had the highest mean vitamin D levels at six weeks 38.38(±9.953) (p<0.002) and 12 weeks 48.15(±7.71) (p<0.001). Vitamin D insufficiency was reduced to 34.8 % at six weeks (p=0.434) and 6.8 % at 12 weeks (p=0.002). Notably, 100 % of the monthly IM group achieved vitamin D sufficiency at 12 weeks.

Conclusions
The monthly IM route demonstrated superior effectiveness compared to tablets and sachets at both the 6-week and 12-week points. A significantly larger number of monthly IM participants achieved vitamin D sufficiency compared to the other groups.
Banking Crises Under a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)
Authors: Bitter Lea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
One of the main concerns associated with central bank digital currencies (CBDC) is the disintermediating effect on the banking sector in general, and the risk of bank runs in times of crisis in particular. This paper examines the implications of an interest-bearing CBDC on banking crises in a dynamic bank run model with a financial accelerator. The analysis distinguishes between bank failures due to illiquidity and due to insolvency. In a numerical exercise, CBDC leads to a reduction in the net worth of banks in normal times but mitigates the risk of a bank run in times of crisis. The financial stability implications also depend on how CBDC is accounted for on the asset side of the central bank balance sheet: if CBDC issuance is complemented by asset purchases, it delays the onset of both types of bank failures to larger shocks. In contrast, if CBDC issuance is complemented by loans to banks, it substantially impedes failures due to illiquidity, but only marginally affects bank failures due to insolvency.
English grammar intelligent error correction technology based on the n-gram language model
Authors: Xiao Fan , Yin Shehui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the development of the Internet, the number of electronic texts has increased rapidly. Automatic grammar error correction technology is an effective safeguard measure for the quality of electronic texts. To improve the quality of electronic text, this study introduces a moving window algorithm and linear interpolation smoothing algorithm to build a Cn-gram language model. On this basis, a syntactic analysis strategy is introduced to construct a syntactic error correction model integrating Cn-gram and syntactic analysis, and English grammar intelligent error correction is carried out through the model. The results show that compared with the Bi-gram and Tri-gram, the precision of the Cn-gram model is 0.85 and 0.91% higher, and the F1 value is 0.97 and 1.14% higher, respectively. Compared with the results of test set Long, the Cn-gram model has better performance on verb error correction of the Short test set, and the precision rate, recall rate, and F1 value are increased by 0.86, 3.94, and 1.87%, respectively. The comparison of the precision, recall rate, and F1 value of the proposed grammar error correction model on the complete test set shows that the precision of the study is 19.10 and 5.41% higher for subject–verb agreement errors. The recall rate is 9.55 and 10.77% higher, respectively; F1 values are higher by 12.65 and 10.59%, respectively. The above results show that the error-correcting technique of the research design has excellent error-correcting performance. It is hoped that this experiment can provide a reference for the relevant research of automatic error correction technology of electronic text.
Hardy-type inequalities for a class of iterated operators and their application to Morrey-type spaces
Authors: Kalybay Aigerim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we discuss new Hardy-type inequalities for operators involving iteration and provide explicit characterizations of these inequalities. As an application of our results, we consider the problem of the boundedness of the multidimensional Hardy operator from a Lebesgue space to a Morrey-type space.