bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential exposure to a combination of stressors blocks memory reconsolidation in Lymnaea
Authors: Dodd Shawn Xavier , Lukowiak Ken 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Stress alters the formation of long-term memory (LTM) in Lymnaea. When snails are exposed to more than one stressor, however, how the memory is altered becomes complicated. Here, we investigated how multiple stressors applied in a specific pattern affect an aspect of memory not often studied in regards to stress – reconsolidation. We hypothesized that the application of a sequence of stressors would block the reconsolidation process. Reconsolidation occurs following activation of a previously formed memory. Sequential crowding and handling were used as the stressors to block reconsolidation. When the two stressors were sequentially presented immediately following memory activation, reconsolidation was blocked. However, if the sequential presentation of the stressors was delayed for 1 h after memory activation, reconsolidation was not blocked. That is, LTM was observed. Finally, presentation of either stressor alone did not block reconsolidation. Thus, stressors can block reconsolidation, which may be preferable to pharmacological manipulations.
Making Olympic lizards: the effects of specialised exercise training on performance
Authors: Husak Jerry F. , Keith Allison R. , Wittry Beth N. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTExercise training is well known to affect a suite of physiological and performance traits in mammals, but effects of training in other vertebrate tetrapod groups have been inconsistent. We examined performance and physiological differences among green anole lizards (Anolis carolinensis) that were trained for sprinting or endurance, using an increasingly rigorous training regimen over 8 weeks. Lizards trained for endurance had significantly higher post-training endurance capacity compared with the other treatment groups, but groups did not show post-training differences in sprint speed. Although acclimation to the laboratory environment and training explain some of our results, mechanistic explanations for these results correspond with the observed performance differences. After training, endurance-trained lizards had higher haematocrit and larger fast glycolytic muscle fibres. Despite no detectable change in maximal performance of sprint-trained lizards, we detected that they had significantly larger slow oxidative muscle fibre areas compared with the other treatments. Treatment groups did not differ in the proportion of number of fibre types, nor in the mass of most limb muscles or the heart. Our results offer some caveats for investigators conducting training research on non-model organisms and they reveal that muscle plasticity in response to training may be widespread phylogenetically.
Response to a change in the target nest during ant relocation
Authors: Anoop Karunakaran , Sumana Annagiri 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Decisions regarding spatial and temporal choices pertaining to a wide range of activities such as mating, feeding and resting are necessary for all organisms. Social species encounter another level of complexity, wherein inputs from multiple individuals have to be consolidated to yield a consensus. One platform on which decision making can be examined is the relocation of animal societies. Relocation is the process by which organisms move from their old dwelling to a new nest along with all the inhabitants. This exposes them to the elements and thus impacts their survival and reproduction. Diacamma indicum, the model system for our experiments is a ponerine ant that uses tandem running for colony relocation. In the present study an artificial manipulation was performed to cause a shift in the target nest. The flexibility of the relocation process and, more specifically, the response of tandem leaders to a changed target were studied. A majority of these leaders (N=262) not only re-evaluated and adapted to the change, but did so with negligible error (1.65%). This enabled colonies (N=10) to reunite at the target nest in every case. The only cost to this flexible decision making was paid in terms of additional time. Although considered to be a primitive method of recruitment, we reveal that tandem running allows D. indicum leaders to incorporate assessment of the available options at every step. This inherent flexibility in decision making would be a good strategy for organisms that need to function with incomplete information or inhabit environments that change frequently.
Symbiont type influences trophic plasticity of a model cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Leal Miguel C. , Hoadley Kenneth , Pettay D. Tye , Grajales Alejandro , Calado Ricardo , Warner Mark E. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The association between cnidarians and photosynthetic dinoflagellates within the genus Symbiodinium is a prevalent relationship in tropical and subtropical marine environments. Although the diversity of Symbiodinium provides a possible axis for niche diversification, increased functional range and resilience to physical stressors such as elevated temperature, how such diversity relates to the physiological balance between autotrophy and heterotrophy of the host animal remains unknown. Here, we experimentally show interspecific and intraspecific variability of photosynthetic carbon fixation and subsequent translocation by Symbiodinium to the model cnidarian host Aiptasia pallida. By using a clonal anemone line harboring different species of Symbiodinium, we determined that symbiont identity influences trophic plasticity through its density, capacity to fix carbon, quantity of translocated carbon and ultimately the host's capacity to ingest and digest prey. Symbiont carbon translocation and host prey ingestion were positively correlated across symbiont combinations that consisted of different isoclonal lines of Symbiodinium minutum, while a combination with type D4-5 Symbiodinium displayed lower carbon translocation, and prey capture and digestion more similar to Aiptasia lacking symbionts. The absence of a shift toward greater heterotrophy when carbon translocation is low suggests that the metabolic demand of feeding and digestion may overwhelm nutritional stores when photosynthesis is reduced, and amends the possible role of animal feeding in resistance to or recovery from the effects of climate change in more obligate symbioses such as reef-building corals.
Alzheimer‐associated Aβ oligomers impact the central nervous system to induce peripheral metabolic deregulation
Authors: Clarke Julia R , Lyra e Silva Natalia M , Figueiredo Claudia P , Frozza Rudimar L , Ledo Jose H , Beckman Danielle , Katashima Carlos K , Razolli Daniela , Carvalho Bruno M , Frazão Renata , Silveira Marina A , Ribeiro Felipe C , Bomfim Theresa R , Neves Fernanda S , Klein William L , Medeiros Rodrigo , LaFerla Frank M , Carvalheira Jose B , Saad Mario J , Munoz Douglas P , Velloso Licio A , Ferreira Sergio T , De Felice Fernanda G 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with peripheral metabolic disorders. Clinical/epidemiological data indicate increased risk of diabetes in AD patients. Here, we show that intracerebroventricular infusion of AD‐associated Aβ oligomers (AβOs) in mice triggered peripheral glucose intolerance, a phenomenon further verified in two transgenic mouse models of AD. Systemically injected AβOs failed to induce glucose intolerance, suggesting AβOs target brain regions involved in peripheral metabolic control. Accordingly, we show that AβOs affected hypothalamic neurons in culture, inducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α phosphorylation (eIF2α‐P). AβOs further induced eIF2α‐P and activated pro‐inflammatory IKKβ/NF‐κB signaling in the hypothalamus of mice and macaques. AβOs failed to trigger peripheral glucose intolerance in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) receptor 1 knockout mice. Pharmacological inhibition of brain inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress prevented glucose intolerance in mice, indicating that AβOs act via a central route to affect peripheral glucose homeostasis. While the hypothalamus has been largely ignored in the AD field, our findings indicate that AβOs affect this brain region and reveal novel shared molecular mechanisms between hypothalamic dysfunction in metabolic disorders and AD.
Preemptive Analgesic Efficacy of Tramadol, Butorphanol, and Flurbiprofen in Lumpectomy: A Randomized, Controlled and Double-blind Trial
Authors: The BSAE Study Group 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND Preemptive medication prior surgical procedures has been proposed of the promising manner in controlling pain effectively, whereas different drugs given in this way produced varying effects in different contexts. We herein hypothesized that preoperative bolus injection of analgesics functioning through various mechanisms produced contrasting analgesic efficiency in patients undergoing lumpectomy.
METHODS After approval by the Institutional Ethical Committee, a total of 1,500 patients undergoing lumpectomy were screened and 1,336 were randomized into one of the four groups: saline, tramadol 100 mg, butorphanol 2 mg, and flurbiprofen 100 mg. All drugs were administered 15 min prior operation in 10 ml. Visual analog scale of pain at rest and during movement were rated, and analgesic indexes were calculated as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include complementary morphine consumption, side effects, and overall satisfaction.
RESULTS Patients in the group of flurbiprofen experienced less intensity of pain at rest than the other three groups (P < 0.01), and also displayed a higher stationary analgesic index (P < 0.05). Besides, the pain scorings in both groups of tramadol and butorphanol showed effective analgesia began from the sixth hour after the surgery compared to the saline-delivered patients (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, patients treated with flurbiprofen reported less side effects than both tramadol and butorphanol, in which a lower satisfactory ratings were presented than the flurbiprofen-treated ones.
CONCLUSION Flurbiprofen has superior analgesic effect over tramadol and butorphanol in lumpectomy suggesting that conquering peripheral inflammatory responses evoked by surgical lesion is much more effective in controlling the pain than those drugs functioning through the CNS-associated mechanisms.
New distribution records for Sciomyzidae species (Insecta, Diptera) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Kirst Frederico Dutra , Marinoni Luciane , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira 
Published: January 2015

An inventory of the species of Sciomyzidae that occur in the Coastal Plains of southern Brazil was conducted. Sampling resulted in 304 specimens, 278 of which were collected with nets and 26 with Malaise traps. A total of 11 species distributed in eight genera were collected. New distribution records for Protodictya iguassu Steyskal, 1950 and Thecomyia lateralis (Walker, 1858) are recorded from Rio Grande do Sul.
The European Medicines Agency Approval of Axitinib (Inlyta) for the Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma After Failure of Prior Treatment With Sunitinib or a Cytokine: Summary of the Scientific Assessment of the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use
Authors: Tzogani Kyriaki , Skibeli Venke , Westgaard Ingunn , Dalhus Marianne , Thoresen Hege , Slot Karsten Bruins , Damkier Per , Hofland Kenneth , Borregaard Jeanett , Ersbøll Jens , Salmonson Tomas , Pieters Ronny , Sylvester Richard , Mickisch Gerald , Bergh Jonas , Pignatti Francesco 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Axitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR-1), VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3. Based on the positive opinion from the European Medicines Agency (EMA), a marketing authorization valid throughout the European Union (EU) was issued for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after failure of prior treatment with sunitinib or a cytokine. The demonstration of clinical benefit for axitinib was based on a phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter study of axitinib compared with sorafenib in patients with advanced RCC after failure of a prior systemic first-line regimen containing one or more of the following agents: sunitinib, bevacizumab plus interferon-α, temsirolimus, or cytokines. In the primary analysis, a 2-month increase in median progression-free survival (PFS) was observed for axitinib compared with sorafenib (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.665; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.544–0.812; p &lt; .0001). In the subgroup of patients with a prior cytokine-containing regimen, the increase in median PFS associated with axitinib was 5.4 months (updated analysis, HR: 0.519; 95% CI: 0.375–0.720; p &lt; .0001). In the subgroup of patients with prior sunitinib treatment, the increase in median PFS was 1.4 months (updated analysis, HR: 0.736; 95% CI: 0.578–0.937; p = .0063). The analysis of overall survival showed no statistically significant survival benefit of axitinib over sorafenib in patients previously treated with cytokine-containing regimens (HR: 0.813; 95% CI: 0.556–1.191) or sunitinib (HR: 0.997; 95% CI: 0.782–1.270). The most common treatment-related adverse events associated with axitinib included diarrhea, hypertension, fatigue, nausea, decreased appetite, dysphonia, and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia. Most of these events were mild or moderate in severity. This paper summarizes the scientific review of the application leading to approval in the EU. The detailed scientific assessment report and product information, including the summary of product characteristics, are available on the EMA website (http://www.ema.europa.eu).
Entomologia Forense e Cronotanatognose: Insetos de Importância Médico-Legal
Authors: Raphael Eduardo Marques Gonçalves  
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a aplicação da Entomologia Forense como recurso para elucidação de mortes violentas, suspeitas ou súbitas, relacionando os principais insetos de importância forense. Sua contribuição para a determinação do tempo (cronotanatognose), causa, modo e local de morte a ser investigada, baseia-se em informações adquiridas a partir do estudo dos insetos encontrados no cadáver e ao redor deste, os quais utilizam seus tecidos para alimentação, passando parte de seu ciclo biológico neste cadáver. Dentre os insetos, as ordens Diptera e Coleoptera são as principais representantes da fauna cadavérica, onde a ordem Diptera predomina nos estágios iniciais da decomposição cadavérica e a ordem Coleptera predomina nos estágios finais. Quanto à ordem Diptera, os principais insetos de importância forense, sendo os mais abundantes e primeiros a colonizarem o cadáver são: Famí­lia Calliphoridae: Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia eximia, Hemilucilia segmentaria e Hemilucilia semidiaphana; Família Sacophagidae: Pattonella intermutans e Pattonella resona; Família Muscidae: Ophyra aenescens e Synthesiomyia nudiseta; Famí­lia Faniidae: Fannia pusio. Quanto à ordem Coleoptera, os principais insetos de importância forense são: Oxyletrum disciolle (família Silphidae), Necrobia rufipes (família Cleridae) e Dermestes maculatus (famí­lia Dermestidae), sendo estes fundamentais na investigação de cadéveres em estado avançado de decomposição, onde os tecidos e fluidos corporais não são mais viáveis. No presente trabalho, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico utilizando os descritores forensic entomology e time since death na base de dados Pub Med entre os anos 1980 e 2013, sendo também utilizadas duas publicações em meio virtual e livros de referência.
La « bataille de Paris », une bataille géopolitique
Authors: Jeanne Matthieu 
Published: January 2015

Les élections municipales de 2014 ont confirmé l’ancrage de la gauche à Paris. Malgré un contexte politique national très défavorable aux socialistes, Anne Hidalgo, la dauphine de Bertrand Delanoë, a battu sa rivale Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet : elle offre ainsi à la gauche sa troisième victoire depuis 2001 dans une ville qui fut, tout au long du XX e siècle, un bastion de droite. Analysé souvent, schématiquement, comme l’effet mécanique des mutations de la sociologie parisienne, le succès, même relatif, de la gauche dans la capitale doit pourtant être avant tout lu comme le résultat d’une intense bataille géopolitique . L’analyse des rivalités d’acteurs, des stratégies spatiales des candidats et des effets électoraux des politiques publiques mises en place depuis 2001 est ainsi essentielle pour comprendre les enjeux complexes d’un scrutin atypique, où l’objectif n’est pas d’être majoritaire en voix, au niveau de la ville, mais de remporter des arrondissements.
La nouvelle équation politique bastiaise en 2014 : une coalition politique « inédite » à la conquête de la citadelle radicale et communiste
Authors: Martinetti Joseph 
Published: January 2015

Les résultats des élections municipales de mars 2014 à Bastia ont abouti à une aventure politique inédite. Ces élections ont permis à une coalition politique hétéroclite, de désigner, pour la première fois en Corse, un nationaliste modéré comme maire d’une commune importante. Une stratégie d’ouverture tous azimuts lui a en effet permis de fédérer un arc politique qui va de la droite libérale à la gauche libertaire et de mettre ainsi un terme au long épisode des mandatures radicales de gauche depuis 1968. Les enseignements de cette campagne électorale sont multiples et ses conséquences politiques et idéologiques dépasseront les limites de la seule commune de Bastia. L’« exception politique bastiaise » qui a consisté à conduire les affaires de la cité selon une conception républicaine et sociale de la Corse au sein de la nation française prend fin et laisse place à un « conglomérat » qui ne peut trouver sa cohérence qu’autour de la quête d’un consensus « réformiste » à définir.
La métropole de Lyon. Splendeurs et fragilités d'une machine intercommunale
Authors: Galimberti Deborah , Lobry Sylvaine , Pinson Gilles , Rio Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

Cet article vise à mettre au jour les dynamiques politiques qui ont fait de la communauté urbaine de Lyon, en passe de se transformer en métropole, l’un des plus puissants gouvernements métropolitains en Europe. Cette puissance tient à la conjonction de deux facteurs : le consensus associant l’essentiel des élites urbaines autour d’un agenda de croissance et d’attractivité ; l’identification de la structure intercommunale comme le véhicule principal de cet agenda. Ce modèle a sans doute atteint ses limites, que la récente réforme risque d’exacerber. L’article distingue trois types de défis auxquels la future métropole de Lyon sera confrontée : un défi organisationnel lié à l’absorption de nouvelles compétences ; un défi intergouvernemental lié à la dégradation des relations avec les autres collectivités, et notamment la Région Rhône-Alpes ; un défi politique avec l’effritement de la domination politique exercée par le maire-président et du consensus autour de l’agenda de croissance et d’attractivité.
Les découvertes tardives de grossesse
Authors: Araújo-Attali Luisa 
Published: January 2015

Actuellement l’expression « déni de grossesse » tend à recouvrir l’ensemble des « découvertes tardives » de grossesse. Or, la théorie psychanalytique et la clinique laissent apparaître que ces « découvertes tardives » seraient un symptôme pouvant cacher au moins trois mécanismes de défense distincts : dénégation, déni et forclusion, chacun lié à une position subjective différente par rapport à la maternité. Suite à une présentation généalogique de l’expression « déni de grossesse », nous développerons cette hypothèse de recherche et la mettrons à l’épreuve de la clinique. Nous verrons que la théorie psychanalytique permet d’amener un distinguo dans les découvertes tardives et de relativiser l’expression « déni de grossesse », en évitant que cette notion ne recouvre un ensemble hétéroclite.
Se nourrir dans les rues et sur les chemins de l’Occident musulman (XIIe-XVIIIe siècle)
Authors: Rosenberger Bernard 
Published: January 2015

Nous avons rassemblé ici des informations sur un type particulier de nourritures offertes du xiie au xvie siècle dans les rues de villes musulmanes d’Espagne et du Maghreb, ainsi que sur celles préparées au Maghreb, jusqu’à une période récente, pour des voyageurs et autres itinérants. Les sources les plus riches, comme des manuels de police des marchés, sont de nature juridique. Elles ont pu être complétées, dans la première partie de cette étude, par des traités médicaux et des livres de cuisine datant des xiie et xiiie siècles. La documentation de la seconde partie repose largement sur des témoignages de voyageurs, qui à des titres divers ont séjourné et circulé en Afrique du Nord, au Maroc essentiellement, du xvie au xviiie siècle.
Les descriptions d’un banquet royal au Ndongo (Angola) en 1560 par le jésuite António Mendes : l’ambivalence des sources coloniales
Authors: Lima Dora De 
Published: January 2015

Lorsque les premiers missionnaires jésuites arrivent à Luanda, en 1559, la région connaît de fortes tensions entre le roi du Congo, Diogo Ier, et le ngola qui souhaite s’émanciper de la tutelle congolaise. Francisco de Gouveia fit partie d’une ambassade portugaise composée d’un autre prêtre jésuite, de deux frères et du futur gouverneur de la colonie d’Angola, Paulo Dias de Novais. Les quatre missionnaires qui accompagnaient l’ambassadeur ont laissé des témoignages divers sur cet épisode des relations avec le ngola. António Mendes est l’un des deux frères et a laissé deux lettres. Celles-ci relatent de façon détaillée le banquet organisé par le ngola en 1559 pour la réception de l’ambassade portugaise. De l’emplacement des convives au partage commun de vin de palme, António Mendes fournit de précieuses informations sur l’histoire des festins royaux du Ndongo à la fin du xvie siècle. Je propose de dresser un tableau comparatif des deux documents, en dégageant les déformations et les inexactitudes qu’ils comportent. J’apporte dans un premier temps des éclaircissements sur les causes des contradictions qui ont lieu entre des documents écrits et destinés aux mêmes acteurs, à seulement quelques mois d’intervalle. Ce premier volet méthodologique permet de tirer des conclusions plus larges sur les savoirs fragmentaires qui caractérisent les sources coloniales de l’Angola ancien. Puis, à travers le croisement de ces documents avec des récits plus tardifs sur les habitudes alimentaires des Mbundu et des descriptions des banquets des ngola, je présente certaines caractéristiques des festins de cour des élites mbundu jusqu’à la conquête militaire définitive du Ndongo par les Portugais en 1671.
La conception stoïcienne de la « bonne délibération » (εὐβουλία) : une réponse à Platon et Aristote ?
Authors: Aubert-Baillot Sophie 
Published: January 2015

Dans cet article, nous examinons une notion éthique à la fois importante et polysémique, l’εὐβουλία, que les Stoïciens ont remodelée en s’inspirant principalement de Platon mais aussi, dans une moindre mesure, d’Aristote. Définie comme une science et une vertu, portant sur l’action comme sur la théorie, elle a pour objet l’utile et illustre à ce titre l’intérêt du Portique pour une sagesse ancrée dans la pratique. Dépouillée chez les Stoïciens de sa dimension politique, elle permet à l’homme ou à Dieu, dans un dialogue intérieur, de bien délibérer sur l’individu, dont les intérêts se confondent avec ceux de la collectivité, ou sur l’univers.