bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐temperature, Selective Catalytic Deoxygenation of Vegetable Oil in Supercritical Fluid Media
Authors: Kim Seok Ki , Lee Hong‐shik , Hong Moon Hyun , Lim Jong Sung , Kim Jaehoon 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe effects of supercritical fluids on the production of renewable diesel‐range hydrocarbons from natural triglycerides were investigated. Various supercritical fluids, which included CO2 (scCO2), propane (scC3H8) and n‐hexane (scC6H14), were introduced with H2 and soybean oil into a fixed‐bed reactor that contained pre‐activated CoMo/γ‐Al2O3. Among these supercritical fluids, scC3H8 and scC6H14 efficiently allowed the reduction of the reaction temperature by as much as 50 °C as a result of facilitated heat and mass transfer and afforded similar yields to reactions in the absence of supercritical fluids. The compositional analyses of the gas and liquid products indicated that the addition of scC3H8 during the hydrotreatment of soybean oil promoted specific deoxygenation pathways, decarbonylation and decarboxylation, which consumed less H2 than the hydrodeoxygenation pathway. As a result, the quantity of H2 required to obtain a high yield of diesel‐range hydrocarbons could be reduced to 57 % if scC3H8 was used. As decarboxylation and decarbonylation are mildly endothermic reactions, the reduced heat transfer resistance in scC3H8 may drive the deoxygenation reaction to thermodynamically favourable pathways.
Tone conditioning potentiates rather than overshadows context fear in adult animals following adolescent ethanol exposure
Authors: Broadwater Margaret A. , Spear Linda P. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWe have shown that adults exposed to ethanol during adolescence exhibit a deficit in the retention of context fear, reminiscent of that normally seen in preweanling rats. However, preweanlings have been reported to exhibit a potentiation of context fear when they are conditioned in the presence of a tone. Therefore, this study examined context retention 24 hr after tone or context conditioning in male Sprague–Dawley rats exposed intragastrically to 4 g/kg ethanol or water every 48 hr (total of 11 exposures) during adolescence [Postnatal day (P) 28–48] or adulthood (P70–90). Approximately 3 weeks following exposure, retention of fear to the context in animals exposed to ethanol during adolescence was attenuated after context conditioning, but enhanced after tone conditioning. Comparable adult ethanol exposure groups showed typical overshadowing of context fear retention after tone conditioning. These data suggest that adolescent ethanol exposure may induce an immature pattern of cognitive processing. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1150–1155, 2014.
Diagnostic utility of central node necrosis in predicting extracapsular spread among oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Randall Derrick R. , Lysack John T. , Hudon Marc E. , Guggisberg Kelly , Nakoneshny Steven C. , Wayne Matthews T. , Dort Joseph C. , Chandarana Shamir P. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundOral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the most common SCC affecting the head and neck region. Long‐term survival of patients with oral cavity SCC is adversely affected by lymph node metastasis and further decreased by the presence of lymph node extracapsular spread (ECS).MethodsUsing a case‐control design, preoperative CT scans from patients with oral cavity SCC and metastatic lymphadenopathy were evaluated by 2 independent neuroradiologists, blinded to the study, for a number of radiologic parameters, including central node necrosis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify parameters independently predicting pathologic ECS.ResultsFor both neuroradiologists, central node necrosis was a significant predictor of ECS, with high interrater agreement (kappa = 0.71). On multivariate analysis, only central node necrosis independently predicted ECS (odds ratio [OR] = 12.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–119). Central node necrosis predicted ECS with 91% sensitivity and 88% negative predictive values.ConclusionOur findings suggest that central node necrosis on preoperative CT scans is strongly associated with the presence of ECS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 92–96, 2015
Clinical features and outcomes of young patients with head and neck non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Federico Sara M. , Gilpin David , Samant Sandeep , Billups Catherine A. , Spunt Sheri L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe history, prognostic factors, and outcome of young patients with head and neck non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) have not been adequately characterized.MethodsMedical records of 58 patients with head and neck NRSTS treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital were reviewed.ResultsThe majority of tumors were ≤5 cm and high grade. Lymph node and/or distant metastases were present in 17% at presentation. Patients received a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The 10‐year event‐free and survival rates were 53.1% ± 7.3% and 63.2% ± 7.1%, respectively. Features associated with inferior survival included high histologic grade (p = .006), tumor diameter >5 cm (p < .001), invasiveness (p < .001), and incomplete resection at diagnosis (p = .005).ConclusionMost head and neck NRSTS in young patients are small, high grade, and nonmetastatic. The outcome is poor compared to NRSTS at other anatomic sites. Innovative approaches to local control and improved systemic therapy are needed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 76–83, 2015
New Acylated Oleanane and Lupane Triterpenes from Gymnema sylvestre
Authors: Zarrelli Armando , Ladhari Afef , Haouala Rabiaa , Di Fabio Giovanni , Previtera Lucio , DellaGreca Marina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Gymnema sylvestre led to the isolation of two known oleanane‐type triterpenes, 1 and 3, five new acylated derivatives, 2, 4, and 5–7, and a new lupane‐type triterpene, 8. The structures and relative configurations of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and by the comparison of their NMR data with those of related compounds.
A Facile Synthesis of New Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives via a One‐Pot Four‐Component Reaction with Sodium Acetate Supported on Basic Alumina as Promoter
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Nojavan Masoomeh , Aryan Reza , Isapoor Elyass 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of 3‐amino‐6‐aryl‐2‐phenylpyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivatives, through the reaction of aldehydes, malononitrile, benzamidine hydrochloride, and hydrazine hydrate in the presence of basic alumina‐supported sodium acetate (AcONa/Al2O3) under reflux conditions, is reported. This protocol has some advantages, including the use of a simple and one‐pot synthetic approach to attain pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine directly from four readily available starting materials, simple workup, high overall yields of the products, and the simultaneous conversion of a NO2 to an amino group, offering an opportunity to synthesize more complex structures.
Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylalkanimidoyl Thiocyanates from Sulfonyl Azides, Alkynes, and KSCN
Authors: Yavari Issa , Damghani Tahereh , Nematpour Manijeh 
Published: December 2013

AbstractKetenimine intermediates generated by the addition of copper acetylides to sulfonyl azides are trapped by KSCN to afford N‐sulfonylalkanimidoyl thiocyanates in moderate‐to‐good yields.
Sarcophytolides G–L, New Biscembranoids from the Soft Coral Sarcophyton elegans
Authors: Xi Zhifang , Bie Wei , Chen Wei , Liu Dong , van Ofwegen Leen , Proksch Peter , Lin Wenhan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSix new biscembranoids, namely, sarcophytolides G–L (1–6, resp.), together with six known analogs, were isolated from a marine soft coral Sarcophyton elegans. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopic analysis together with the aid of MS, CD, and IR data. The unusual isobiscembranoid sarcophytolide G (1) was found for the first time in the genus Sarcophyton.
Mirror therapy for phantom limb pain: Brain changes and the role of body representation
Authors: Foell J. , Bekrater‐Bodmann R. , Diers M. , Flor H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhantom limb pain (PLP) is a common consequence of amputation and is difficult to treat. Mirror therapy (MT), a procedure utilizing the visual recreation of movement of a lost limb by moving the intact limb in front of a mirror, has been shown to be effective in reducing PLP. However, the neural correlates of this effect are not known.MethodsWe investigated the effects of daily mirror training over 4 weeks in 13 chronic PLP patients after unilateral arm amputation. Eleven participants performed hand and lip movements during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurement before and after MT. The location of neural activity in primary somatosensory cortex during these tasks was used to assess brain changes related to treatment.ResultsThe treatment caused a significant reduction of PLP (average decrease of 27%). Treatment effects were predicted by a telescopic distortion of the phantom, with those patients who experienced a telescope profiting less from treatment. fMRI data analyses revealed a relationship between change in pain after MT and a reversal of dysfunctional cortical reorganization in primary somatosensory cortex. Pain reduction after mirror training was also related to a decrease of activity in the inferior parietal cortex (IPC).ConclusionsExperienced body appearance seems to be an important predictor of mirror treatment effectiveness. Maladaptive changes in cortical organization are reversed during mirror treatment, which also alters activity in the IPC, a region involved in painful perceptions and in the perceived relatedness to an observed limb.
In vivo non‐invasive monitoring of collagen remodelling by two‐photon microscopy after micro‐ablative fractional laser resurfacing
Authors: Cicchi Riccardo , Kapsokalyvas Dimitrios , Troiano Michela , Campolmi Piero , Morini Cristiano , Massi Daniela , Cannarozzo Giovanni , Lotti Torello , Pavone Francesco Saverio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNon‐linear optical microscopy is becoming popular as a non‐invasive in vivo imaging modality in dermatology. In this study, combined TPF and SHG microscopy were used to monitor collagen remodelling in vivo after micro‐ablative fractional laser resurfacing. Papillary dermis of living subjects, covering a wide age range, was imaged immediately before and forty days after treatment. A qualitative visual examination of acquired images demonstrated an age‐dependent remodelling effect on collagen. Additional quantitative analysis of new collagen production was performed by means of two image analysis methods. A higher increase in SHG to TPF ratio, corresponding to a stronger treatment effectiveness, was found in older subjects, whereas the effect was found to be negligible in young, and minimal in middle age subjects. Analysis of collagen images also showed a dependence of the treatment effectiveness with age but with controversial results. While the diagnostic potential of in vivo multiphoton microscopy has already been demonstrated for skin cancer and other skin diseases, here we first successfully explore its potential use for a non‐invasive follow‐up of a laser‐based treatment. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Primary Function of gp130 Signaling in Osteoblasts Is To Maintain Bone Formation and Strength, Rather Than Promote Osteoclast Formation
Authors: Johnson Rachelle W , Brennan Holly J , Vrahnas Christina , Poulton Ingrid J , McGregor Narelle E , Standal Therese , Walker Emma C , Koh Thuan-Tzen , Nguyen Huynh , Walsh Nicole C , Forwood Mark R , Martin T John , Sims Natalie A 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines act via gp130 in the osteoblast lineage to stimulate the formation of osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) and the activity of osteoblasts (bone forming cells), and to inhibit expression of the osteocyte protein, sclerostin. We report here that a profound reduction in trabecular bone mass occurs both when gp130 is deleted in the entire osteoblast lineage (Osx1Cre gp130 f/f) and when this deletion is restricted to osteocytes (DMP1Cre gp130 f/f). This was caused not by an alteration in osteoclastogenesis, but by a low level of bone formation specific to the trabecular compartment. In contrast, cortical diameter increased to maintain ultimate bone strength, despite a reduction in collagen type 1 production. We conclude that osteocytic gp130 signaling is required for normal trabecular bone mass and proper cortical bone composition. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association Analysis of BMD-associated SNPs with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yerges-Armstrong Laura M , Yau Michelle S , Liu Youfang , Krishnan Subha , Renner Jordan B , Eaton Charles B , Kwoh C Kent , Nevitt Michael C , Duggan David J , Mitchell Braxton D , Jordan Joanne M , Hochberg Marc C , Jackson Rebecca D 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Osteoarthritis (OA) risk is widely recognized to be heritable but few loci have been identified. Observational studies have identified higher systemic bone mineral density (BMD) to be associated with an increased risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis. With this in mind, we sought to evaluate whether well-established genetic loci for variance in BMD are associated with risk for radiographic OA in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) and the Johnston County Osteoarthritis (JoCo) Project. Cases had at least one knee with definite radiographic OA, defined as the presence of definite osteophytes with or without joint space narrowing (Kellgren-Lawrence [KL] grade ≥ 2) and controls were absent for definite radiographic OA in both knees (KL grade ≤ 1 bilaterally). There were 2014 and 658 Caucasian cases, respectively, in the OAI and JoCo Studies, and 953 and 823 controls. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for association analysis from the literature. Genotyping was carried out on Illumina 2.5M and 1M arrays in Genetic Components of Knee OA (GeCKO) and JoCo, respectively and imputation was done. Association analyses were carried out separately in each cohort with adjustments for age, body mass index (BMI), and sex, and then parameter estimates were combined across the two cohorts by meta-analysis. We identified four SNPs significantly associated with prevalent radiographic knee OA. The strongest signal (p = 0.0009; OR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37) maps to 12q3, which contains a gene coding for SP7. Additional loci map to 7p14.1 (TXNDC3), 11q13.2 (LRP5), and 11p14.1 (LIN7C). For all four loci the allele associated with higher BMD was associated with higher odds of OA. A BMD risk allele score was not significantly associated with OA risk. This meta-analysis demonstrates that several genomewide association studies (GWAS)-identified BMD SNPs are nominally associated with prevalent radiographic knee OA and further supports the hypothesis that BMD, or its determinants, may be a risk factor contributing to OA development. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Margin width is not predictive of residual disease on re‐excision in breast conserving therapy
Authors: Hadzikadic Gusic L. , McGuire K.P. , Ozmen T. , Soran A. , Thomas C.R. , McAuliffe P.F. , Diego E.J. , Bonaventura M. , Johnson R.R. , Ahrendt G.M. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundThere is lack of consensus regarding re‐excision in breast‐conserving therapy (BCT) and close margins. We hypothesize that margin width does not predict residual disease.MethodsThe cancer registry was queried from 2003 to 2008 for patients with BCT who underwent re‐excision for <2‐mm margins. Factors associated with additional disease were evaluated.ResultsOne thousand eight hundred forty‐three patients underwent BCT. Our re‐excision rate was 42%. Clinicopathologic factors from 228 patients were analyzed. One hundred five patients (46%) had additional disease; of those, 58% had BCT and 42% mastectomy. One hundred twenty‐three (54%) had no additional disease; of those 82% had BCT and 18% mastectomy. Of the 66 patients who underwent mastectomy, 44 (67%) had residual disease; of the 161 who had BCT, 61 (38%) had residual disease (P < 0.01). On univariate analysis, margin width did not correlate with residual disease. Multifocality, non‐invasive histology, increasing number of close margins, and higher grade predicted additional disease (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only number of close margins remained significant.ConclusionsMargin width does not predict additional disease. This challenges the practice of using this to select re‐excision candidates. Our data suggest that tumor behavior and extent of disease, defined by volume of residual disease and invasiveness of histology, play a more significant role. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:426–430. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment and outcome of young patients with esophageal cancer in the Netherlands
Authors: van Nistelrooij Anna M.J. , van Steenbergen Liza N. , Spaander Manon C.W. , Tilanus Hugo W. , van Lanschot J. Jan B. , Lemmens Valery E.P.P. , Wijnhoven Bas P.L. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundEsophageal cancer is increasingly recognized in younger patients. We compared clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and survival of patients aged ≤50 years with patients aged >50 years diagnosed with esophageal cancer in the Netherlands.MethodsFrom the nationwide Netherlands Cancer Registry we identified all patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer between January 2000 and January 2011. Proportions were compared using the χ2 test for categorical variables. Overall and relative survival was calculated.ResultsEleven percent of the patients (n = 1,466) were aged ≤50 years and adenocarcinoma was the most common tumor type (73.6%). Grade of tumor differentiation was comparable between both age groups (P = 0.460) as well as T‐stage (P = 0.058). Younger patients presented more often with positive lymph nodes (70.1% vs. 66.4%, P = 0.010) and distant metastasis (50.5% vs. 44.7%, P < 0.001) but had surgery more often as compared to older patients: 40.6% versus 37.9%, P = 0.047. There was no significant difference in the 5‐year relative survival between both age groups: 18.1% versus 17.2%, P > 0.05. A subgroup analysis among patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma revealed similar results.ConclusionsYoung patients with esophageal cancer present with more advanced disease stage and received more often treatment. However, they show comparable relative survival rates with their older counterparts. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:561–566. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonvolitional assessment of muscle endurance in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: There is no relationship between patient‐reported fatigue and muscle fatigability
Authors: Campbell Richard , Gordon Patrick , Ward Katie , Reilly Charles , Scott David L. , Rafferty Gerrard F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated whether muscle endurance differs between IIM patients and controls and if a relationship exists between perceived fatigue and poor muscle endurance. Methods: Quadriceps contractility, measured using femoral nerve stimulation (TwQ), and strength, measured using maximal voluntary contraction (MVCQ), were assessed in 20 IIM patients and matched controls. Quadriceps endurance was assessed using repetitive electrical stimulation (3 minutes). Time for force to fall to 70% initial force was determined (T70). Reported fatigue was measured using the FACIT‐F/Fatigue Severity Scales. Results: TwQ and MVCQ were lower and perceived fatigue greater for patients. There was no difference in T70 between groups. No relationships were observed between perceived fatigue and endurance (T70). Conclusions: IIM patients reported more fatigue and were weaker than controls, but there was no difference in muscle endurance. Endurance and strength were unrelated to reported fatigue measures. Mechanisms driving perceived IIM fatigue are likely to be multifactorial. Muscle Nerve 50: 401–406, 2014
An Augmented Beam Element for Structural Dynamics Using Unit Deflection Shapes Gained on a 2D Finite Element Mesh of the Cross Section
Authors: Müller Gerhard , Kreutz Johannes 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWave behaviour of line shaped structures can be analysed if they are simply shaped (beams, rods, etc.) and if the frequency or wavelength is within a range where the underlying theories are still applicable. If the frequencies and wavelengths exceed these limits, the modelling of these line or beam shaped structures is only possible using volume elements which results in considerably high computation time and modelling effort. The idea of this work is to keep the beam like modelling of structures but enhance the solution space such that arbitrary but reasonable deflection shapes of the cross section can be covered. The unit deflection shapes are defined and computed on the basis of a 2D finite element mesh of the beam cross section: warpshapes for primary and secondary torsion and shear forces, Eigenmodes for the problem of a plate in membrane and a plate in bending action, derived warpshapes for in plane shapes and shapes which cover the lateral strains. By this transformation of unknowns the number of system degrees of freedom can be reduced considerably. Expensive pre‐ and postprocessing steps can be done in parallel which opens the gate for massive performance gains. This method was validated in previous publications of the authors and shall now be extended using unit deflection shapes gained from eigenmodes of an infinite Fourier transformed structure obtained by solving a quadratic eigenvalue problem for the wavenumber kx. The results of both methods shall be compared. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solution of Complementarity Problems via Piecewise Linearization
Authors: Piontkowski Julia , Griewank Andreas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMy master thesis concerns the solution linear complementarity problems (LCP). The Lemke algorithm, the most commonly used algorithm for solving a LCP until this day, was compared with the piecewise Newton method (PLN algorithm). The piecewise Newton method is an algorithm to solve a piecewise linear system on the basis of damped Newton methods. The linear complementarity problem is formulated as a piecewise linear system for the applicability of the PLN algorithm. Then, different application examples will be presented, solved with the PLN algorithm. As a result of the findings (of my master thesis) it can be assumed that – under the condition of coherent orientation – the PLN‐algorithm requires fewer iterations to solve a linear complementarity problem than the Lemke algorithm. The coherent orientation for piecewise linear problems corresponds for linear complementarity problems to the P‐matrix‐property. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infinite Penalization for Optimal Control Problems: An infinite‐dimensional optimization method for constrained optimization problems
Authors: Gugat Martin , Herty Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present results on a method for infinite dimensional constrained optimization problems. In particular, we are interested in state constrained optimal control problems and discuss an algorithm based on penalization and smoothing. The algorithm contains update rules for the penalty and the smoothing parameter that depend on the constraint violation. Theoretical as well as numerical results are given. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)