bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric-field-enhanced second-harmonic domain contrast and nonreciprocity in a van der Waals antiferromagnet
Authors: Wang Ziqian , Wang Meng , Lehmann Jannis , Shiomi Yuki , Arima Taka-hisa , Nagaosa Naoto , Tokura Yoshinori , Ogawa Naoki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImaging antiferromagnetic 180° domains with actively controlled visibility is vital for both fundamental science and sophisticated applications. While optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a well-known technique for distinguishing such domains in non-centrosymmetric antiferromagnets, a general material-based strategy to control domain contrast remains elusive. Using van der Waals antiferromagnet MnPS3 as a proof of concept, we demonstrate the tuning of nonreciprocity-induced domain contrast in SHG through applying an in-plane electric field that transforms the magnetic point group to its unitary subgroup. The interference among intrinsic electric-dipole, magnetic-dipole, and field-induced electric-dipole transitions, each carrying distinct characters under space-inversion ($${{\mathcal{P}}}$$
P
) and time-reversal ($${{\mathcal{T}}}$$
T
) operations, enables large tuning of domain contrast and nonreciprocity in a broad spectral range. This strategy, generically applicable to systems characterized by $${{\mathcal{P}}}{{\mathcal{T}}}$$
P
T
-symmetric magnetic groups with a polar unitary subgroup, offers a path to fast electrical modulation of nonlinear nonreciprocal photonic behaviors using antiferromagnets.
Genome-wide analyses of neonatal jaundice reveal a marked departure from adult bilirubin metabolism
Authors: Solé-Navais Pol , Juodakis Julius , Ytterberg Karin , Wu Xiaoping , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Vaudel Marc , LaBella Abigail L. , Helgeland Øyvind , Flatley Christopher , Geller Frank , Finel Moshe , Zhao Mengqi , Lazarus Philip , Hakonarson Hakon , Magnus Per , Andreassen Ole A. , Njølstad Pål R. , Grant Struan F. A. , Feenstra Bjarke , Muglia Louis J. , Johansson Stefan , Zhang Ge , Jacobsson Bo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJaundice affects almost all neonates in their first days of life and is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin. Although the core biochemistry of bilirubin metabolism is well understood, it is not clear why some neonates experience more severe jaundice and require treatment with phototherapy. Here, we present the first genome-wide association study of neonatal jaundice to date in nearly 30,000 parent-offspring trios from Norway (cases ≈ 2000). The alternate allele of a common missense variant affecting the sequence of UGT1A4 reduces the susceptibility to jaundice five-fold, which replicated in separate cohorts of neonates of African American and European ancestries. eQTL colocalization analyses indicate that the association may be driven by regulation of UGT1A1 in the intestines, but not in the liver. Our results reveal marked differences in the genetic variants involved in neonatal jaundice compared to those regulating bilirubin levels in adults, suggesting distinct genetic mechanisms for the same biological pathways.
Ultraconformable cuff implants for long-term bidirectional interfacing of peripheral nerves at sub-nerve resolutions
Authors: Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro , Boys Alexander J. , Güemes Amparo , Gurke Johannes , Velasco-Bosom Santiago , Hilton Sam , Barone Damiano G. , Malliaras George G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Implantable devices interfacing with peripheral nerves exhibit limited longevity and resolution. Poor nerve-electrode interface quality, invasive surgical placement and development of foreign body reaction combine to limit research and clinical application of these devices. Here, we develop cuff implants with a conformable design that achieve high-quality and stable interfacing with nerves in chronic implantation scenarios. When implanted in sensorimotor nerves of the arm in awake rats for 21 days, the devices record nerve action potentials with fascicle-specific resolution and extract from these the conduction velocity and direction of propagation. The cuffs exhibit high biocompatibility, producing lower levels of fibrotic scarring than clinically equivalent PDMS silicone cuffs. In addition to recording nerve activity, the devices are able to modulate nerve activity at sub-nerve resolution to produce a wide range of paw movements. When used in a partial nerve ligation rodent model, the cuffs identify and characterise changes in nerve C fibre activity associated with the development of neuropathic pain in freely-moving animals. The developed implantable devices represent a platform enabling new forms of fine nerve signal sensing and modulation, with applications in physiology research and closed-loop therapeutics.
CELL: a Python package for cluster expansion with a focus on complex alloys
Authors: Rigamonti Santiago , Troppenz Maria , Kuban Martin , Hübner Axel , Draxl Claudia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present the Python package , which provides a modular approach to the cluster expansion (CE) method. can treat a wide variety of substitutional systems, including one-, two-, and three-dimensional alloys, in a general multi-component and multi-sublattice framework. It is capable of dealing with complex materials comprising several atoms in their parent lattice. uses state-of-the-art techniques for the construction of training data sets, model selection, and finite-temperature simulations. The user interface consists of well-documented Python classes and modules (http://sol.physik.hu-berlin.de/cell/). also provides visualization utilities and can be interfaced with virtually any ab initio package, total-energy codes based on interatomic potentials, and more. The usage and capabilities of are illustrated by a number of examples, comprising a Cu-Pt surface alloy with oxygen adsorption, featuring two coupled binary sublattices, and the thermodynamic analysis of its order-disorder transition; the demixing transition and lattice-constant bowing of the Si-Ge alloy; and an iterative CE approach for a complex clathrate compound with a parent lattice consisting of 54 atoms.
Temporal changes in the size resolved fractions of bacterial aerosols in urban and semi-urban residences
Authors: Grydaki N. , Colbeck I. , Whitby C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the significant amount of time spent in the domestic environment, culture-independent size distribution data of bioaerosols are largely missing. This study investigated the temporal changes in size-resolved bacterial aerosols in urban and semi-urban residential settings. Overall, airborne bacterial taxa identified in both sites were dispersed across particles of various sizes. qPCR analysis showed that outdoors bacteria dominated particles > 8 μm, whilst indoor bacterial loadings were greater with 1–2 μm (winter) and 2–4 μm (summer) ranges. Indoor and outdoor aerosols harboured distinct bacterial communities due to the dominance of human-associated taxa (Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium) in indoor air. The aerosol microbiome exhibited significant temporal variation, with Actinobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria and Bacilli predominant indoors, whereas Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria were the most abundant taxa outdoors. The variation between the two residences was mostly driven by particles < 2 μm, whereas differences between indoors and outdoors were mostly influenced by particles > 2 μm. Source-tracking analysis estimated that household surfaces accounted for the greatest source proportion of bacteria, surpassing that of outdoor air, which varied due to natural ventilation throughout the year. Our findings provide new insights into the factors governing the aerosol microbiome in residential environments which are crucial for exposure assessment.
Chrono-EEG dynamics influencing hand gesture decoding: a 10-hour study
Authors: Egger Johanna , Kostoglou Kyriaki , Müller-Putz Gernot R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLong-term electroencephalography (EEG) recordings have primarily been used to study resting-state fluctuations. These recordings provide valuable insights into various phenomena such as sleep stages, cognitive processes, and neurological disorders. However, this study explores a new angle, focusing for the first time on the evolving nature of EEG dynamics over time within the context of movement. Twenty-two healthy individuals were measured six times from 2 p.m. to 12 a.m. with intervals of 2 h while performing four right-hand gestures. Analysis of movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) revealed a reduction in amplitude for the motor and post-motor potential during later hours of the day. Evaluation in source space displayed an increase in the activity of M1 of the contralateral hemisphere and the SMA of both hemispheres until 8 p.m. followed by a decline until midnight. Furthermore, we investigated how changes over time in MRCP dynamics affect the ability to decode motor information. This was achieved by developing classification schemes to assess performance across different scenarios. The observed variations in classification accuracies over time strongly indicate the need for adaptive decoders. Such adaptive decoders would be instrumental in delivering robust results, essential for the practical application of BCIs during day and nighttime usage.
PIP-seq identifies novel heterogeneous lung innate lymphocyte population activation after combustion product exposure
Authors: Huang Yung-An , Wang Xinyu , Kim Jong-Chan , Yao Xiang , Sethi Anshika , Strohm Allyssa , Doherty Taylor A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a heterogeneous population that play diverse roles in airway inflammation after exposure to allergens and infections. However, how ILCs respond after exposure to environmental toxins is not well understood. Here we show a novel method for studying the heterogeneity of rare lung ILC populations by magnetic enrichment for lung ILCs followed by particle-templated instant partition sequencing (PIP-seq). Using this method, we were able to identify novel group 1 and group 2 ILC subsets that exist after exposure to both fungal allergen and burn pit-related constituents (BPC) that include dioxin, aromatic hydrocarbon, and particulate matter. Toxin exposure in combination with fungal allergen induced activation of specific ILC1/NK and ILC2 populations as well as promoted neutrophilic lung inflammation. Oxidative stress pathways and downregulation of specific ribosomal protein genes (Rpl41 and Rps19) implicated in anti-inflammatory responses were present after BPC exposure. Increased IFNγ expression and other pro-neutrophilic mediator transcripts were increased in BPC-stimulated lung innate lymphoid cells. Further, the addition of BPC induced Hspa8 (encodes HSC70) and aryl hydrocarbon transcription factor activity across multiple lung ILC subsets. Overall, using an airway disease model that develops after occupational and environmental exposures, we demonstrate an effective method to better understand heterogenous ILC subset activation.
Pasture-finishing of cattle in Western U.S. rangelands improves markers of animal metabolic health and nutritional compounds in beef
Authors: Evans Nikia , Cloward Jennifer , Ward Robert E. , van Wietmarschen Herman A. , van Eekeren Nick , Kronberg Scott L. , Provenza Frederick D. , van Vliet Stephan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs environmental and health concerns of beef production and consumption mount, there is growing interest in agroecological production methods, including finishing beef cattle on pastures with phytochemically diverse grasses, forbs, and/or shrubs. The goal of this metabolomics, lipidomics, and fatty acid methyl ester profiling study was to compare meat (pectoralis profundus) of Black Angus cattle from two commercial US beef finishing systems (pasture-finished on Western U.S. rangeland; n = 18 and grain-finished in a Midwest U.S. feedlot; n = 18). A total of 907 out of 1575 compounds differed in abundance between pasture-finished and grain-finished beef samples (all, false discovery rate adjusted P < 0.05). Pasture-finished beef contained higher levels of phenolic antioxidants (2.6-fold), alpha-tocopherol (3.1-fold), nicotinate/vitamin B3 (9.4-fold), choline (1.2-fold), myo-inositol (1.8-fold), and omega-3 fatty acids (4.1-fold). Grain-finished beef contained higher levels of gamma-tocopherol (14.6-fold), nicotinamide/vitamin B3 (1.5-fold), pantothenate/vitamin B5 (1.3-fold), and pyridoxine/vitamin B6 (1.3-fold); indicating that feeding some grain (by-products) could be beneficial to increase levels of certain B-vitamins. Pasture-finished beef samples also displayed lower levels of oxidative stress (homocysteine, 0.6-fold; and 4-hydroxy-nonenal-glutathione, 0.4-fold) and improved mitochondrial function (1.3-fold) compared to grain-finished animals. Two potential metabolites of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, 2,8-quinolinediol and 2,8-quinolinediol sulfate, were only observed in grain-finished beef, though the source remains unknown. While pasture-finished cattle displayed improved markers of metabolic health and concentrated additional, potentially health-promoting compounds in their meat, our findings should not be interpreted as that grain-finished beef is unhealthy to consume. Randomized controlled trials in humans are required to further assess whether observed differences between pasture-finished and feedlot-finished beef have an appreciable effect on human health.
Semiochemical-baited traps as a new method supplementing light traps for faunistic and ecological studies of Macroheterocera (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Molnár Attila , Szanyi Kálmán , Tóth Miklós , Jósvai Júlia Katalin , Varga Zoltán , Nagy Antal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAttractivity and selectivity of two types of traps with synthetic, long-lasting, bisexual generic attractants were compared to conventional light traps to promote their wider use, as an easy-to-use standardised method for entomology. The targeted herbivorous Macroheterocera species playing important role in ecosystems as food source for higher trophic levels (e.g. predatory arthropods, birds and mammals), while other hand they can cause significant economic loss in agriculture. Data on their population dynamic and composition of their assemblages are necessary for both nature conservation and efficient pest management. Light- and semiochemical-baited traps with semisynthetic- (SBL = the acronym stands for semisynthetic bisexual lure) and synthetic lures (FLO = the acronym stands for floral lure of synthetic floral compounds) were used in species rich area of West Ukraine, and in all 10,926 lepidopterans trapped were identified. The attractivity of the light trap was highest with 252 species caught, while traps with semiochemicals captured 132 species including 28 exclusively caught only by them. The qualitative selectivity of light vs. semiochemical-baited traps differed considering both taxa and habitat preferences in such a way that they completed each-other. Differences in quantitative selectivity were also proved even in case of pest species. The parameters of methods varied depending on the phenological phases of the studied assemblages. Considering the revealed attractivity and selectivity, the parallel use of the two methods can offer improved reliable data for conservation biology and pest management.
Temporal regulation of BMP2 growth factor signaling in response to mechanical loading is linked to cytoskeletal and focal adhesion remodeling
Authors: Görlitz Sophie , Brauer Erik , Günther Rebecca , Duda Georg N. , Knaus Petra , Petersen Ansgar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiophysical cues have the ability to enhance cellular signaling response to Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, an essential growth factor during bone development and regeneration. Yet, therapeutic application of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) is restricted due to uncontrolled side effects. An understanding of the temporal characteristics of mechanically regulated signaling events and underlying mechanism is lacking. Using a 3D bioreactor system in combination with a soft macroporous biomaterial substrate, we mimic the in vivo environment that BMP2 is acting in. We show that the intensity and duration of BMP2 signaling increases with increasing loading frequency in synchrony with the number and size of focal adhesions. Long-term mechanical stimulation increases the expression of BMP receptor type 1B, specific integrin subtypes and integrin clustering. Together, this triggered a short-lived mechanical echo that enhanced BMP2 signaling even when BMP2 is administered directly after mechanical stimulation, but not when it is applied after a resting period of ≥30 min. Interfering with cytoskeletal remodeling hinders focal adhesion remodeling verifying its critical role in shifting cells into a state of high BMP2 responsiveness. The design of biomaterials that exploit this potential locally at the site of injury will help to overcome current limitations of clinical growth factor treatment.
Anomalous Nernst effect in the noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn5Si3
Authors: Sürgers Christoph , Fischer Gerda , Campos Warlley H. , Hellenes Anna Birk , Šmejkal Libor , Sinova Jairo , Merz Michael , Wolf Thomas , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInvestigating the off-diagonal components of the conductivity and thermoelectric tensor of materials hosting complex antiferromagnetic structures has become a viable method to reveal the effects of topology and chirality on the electronic transport in these systems. In this respect, Mn5Si3 is an interesting metallic compound that exhibits several antiferromagnetic phases below 100 K with different collinear and noncollinear arrangements of Mn magnetic moments determined from neutron scattering. Previous electronic transport measurements have shown that the transitions between the various phases give rise to large changes of the anomalous Hall effect. Here, we report measurements of the anomalous Nernst effect of Mn5Si3 single crystals that also show clear transitions between the different magnetic phases. In the noncollinear phase, we observe an unusual sign change of the zero-field Nernst signal with a concomitant decrease of the Hall signal and a gradual reduction of the remanent magnetization. Furthermore, a symmetry analysis of the proposed magnetic structures shows that both effects should actually vanish. These results indicate a symmetry-breaking modification of the magnetic state with a rearrangement of the magnetic moments at low temperatures, thus questioning the previously reported models for the noncollinear magnetic structure obtained from neutron scattering.
Realization of high-performance optical metasurfaces over a large area: a review from a design perspective
Authors: Choi Minseok , Park Junkyeong , Shin Jehyeon , Keawmuang Harit , Kim Hongyoon , Yun Jooyeong , Seong Junhwa , Rho Junsuk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRemarkable advancements have been made in the design of optical metasurfaces in recent years, particularly in compact designs. However, for their practical integration into diverse optical systems, there is a pressing need for metasurfaces to transition toward larger areas without compromising their performance. From a design perspective, efforts in the design process must focus on reducing computational costs and enhancing performance in larger areas. In this review, we introduce diverse optical analyses applicable to wide areas, including the modification of boundary conditions, fast multipole methods, coupled mode theory, and neural network–based approaches. In addition, inverse design methods based on the adjoint method or deep learning, which are suitable for large-scale designs, are described. Numerous fast and accurate simulation methods make it possible to assess optical properties over large areas at a low cost, whereas diverse inverse design methods hold promise for high performance. By concurrently addressing both the essential aspects of designing large-area metasurfaces, we comprehensively discuss various approaches to develop metasurfaces with high performance over expansive regions. Finally, we outline additional challenges and prospects for realizing mass-produced high-performance metasurfaces, unlocking their full potential for optical applications.
Stripping analysis of Pb2+ and Hg2+ in deveined shrimp and eggshells using a H2bpabza/MWCNT–modified graphite electrode
Authors: Selvan Kumar Sangeetha , Gayathri Jayagopi , Sivalingam Sivakumar 
Published: August 2024

Measurement of the H2bpabza/MWCNT electrode for detection of Pb2+ and Hg2+.
Optimisation of sparse deep autoencoders for dynamic network embedding
Authors: Tang Huimei , Zhang Yutao , Ma Lijia , Lin Qiuzhen , Huang Liping , Li Jianqiang , Gong Maoguo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNetwork embedding (NE) tries to learn the potential properties of complex networks represented in a low‐dimensional feature space. However, the existing deep learning‐based NE methods are time‐consuming as they need to train a dense architecture for deep neural networks with extensive unknown weight parameters. A sparse deep autoencoder (called SPDNE) for dynamic NE is proposed, aiming to learn the network structures while preserving the node evolution with a low computational complexity. SPDNE tries to use an optimal sparse architecture to replace the fully connected architecture in the deep autoencoder while maintaining the performance of these models in the dynamic NE. Then, an adaptive simulated algorithm to find the optimal sparse architecture for the deep autoencoder is proposed. The performance of SPDNE over three dynamical NE models (i.e. sparse architecture‐based deep autoencoder method, DynGEM, and ElvDNE) is evaluated on three well‐known benchmark networks and five real‐world networks. The experimental results demonstrate that SPDNE can reduce about 70% of weight parameters of the architecture for the deep autoencoder during the training process while preserving the performance of these dynamical NE models. The results also show that SPDNE achieves the highest accuracy on 72 out of 96 edge prediction and network reconstruction tasks compared with the state‐of‐the‐art dynamical NE algorithms.
Adaptive polynomial Kalman filter for nonlinear state estimation in modified AR time series with fixed coefficients
Authors: Sivaraman Dileep , Ongwattanakul Songpol , Pillai Branesh M. , Suthakorn Jackrit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article presents a novel approach for adaptive nonlinear state estimation in a modified autoregressive time series with fixed coefficients, leveraging an adaptive polynomial Kalman filter (APKF). The proposed APKF dynamically adjusts the evolving system dynamics by selecting an appropriate autoregressive time‐series model corresponding to the optimal polynomial order, based on the minimum residual error. This dynamic selection enhances the robustness of the state estimation process, ensuring accurate predictions, even in the presence of varying system complexities and noise. The proposed methodology involves predicting the next state using polynomial extrapolation. Extensive simulations were conducted to validate the performance of the APKF, demonstrating its superiority in accurately estimating the true system state compared with traditional Kalman filtering methods. The root‐mean‐square error was evaluated for various combinations of standard deviations of sensor noise and process noise for different sample sizes. On average, the root‐mean‐square error value, which represents the disparity between the true sensor reading and estimate derived from the adaptive Kalman filter, was 35.31% more accurate than that of the traditional Kalman filter. The comparative analysis highlights the efficacy of the APKF, showing significant improvements in state estimation accuracy and noise resilience.