bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Quaternary, Long‐Chain N‐Alkyl Amides and Their Corrosion Inhibition in Acidic Media
Authors: Öztürk Serkan , Yıldırım Ayhan , Çetin Mehmet , Tavaslı Mustafa 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNew cationic surfactants were synthesized by the quaternization of a number of straight‐chain amide derivatives with triethylamine or pyridine. The corrosion inhibition tests of the surface‐active compounds were performed at room temperature for 24 h on carbon steel coupons in acidic media using the gravimetric method. The acidic media used were 1.5 M HCl and 1.5 M H2SO4. Almost all of the synthesized cationic surfactants showed efficient inhibition of corrosion in the test. To establish the inhibition efficiencies of the inhibitors, surface characterization studies (contact angle measurements, SEM analysis and optical profilometer images) of the metal coupons used were performed.
Difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal as early signs of psychosis in adolescents – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986
Authors: Mäki P. , Koskela S. , Murray G.K. , Nordström T. , Miettunen J. , Jääskeläinen E. , Veijola J.M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimSocial withdrawal is among the first signs of the prodromal state of psychosis seen in clinical samples. The aim of this prospective study was to find out whether difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal precede first episode psychosis in the young general population.MethodsThe members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n= 6274) completed the PROD-screen questionnaire in 2001–2002. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to detect both new psychotic and non-psychotic disorders requiring hospitalisation during 2003–2008.ResultsTwenty-three subjects developed psychosis and 89 developed a non-psychotic mental disorder requiring hospitalisation during the follow-up. Of those who developed psychosis, 35% had reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others and 30% social withdrawal in adolescence. In hospitalised non-psychotic disorder, the corresponding precentages were 10 and 13% and in the control group without hospital-treated mental disorder 9 and 11%. The differences between psychotic and non-psychotic hospitalised subjects (P< 0.01) as well as controls (P< 0.001) were statistically significant regarding difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others.ConclusionsIn this general population-based sample self-reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others in adolescence preceded psychosis specifically compared to hospitalised non-psychotic mental disorders and controls.
Preclinical study on combined chemo‐ and nonviral gene therapy for sensitization of melanoma using a human TNF‐alpha expressing MIDGE DNA vector
Authors: Kobelt Dennis , Aumann Jutta , Schmidt Manuel , Wittig Burghardt , Fichtner Iduna , Behrens Diana , Lemm Margit , Freundt Greta , Schlag Peter M. , Walther Wolfgang 
Published: January 2014

Nonviral gene therapy represents a realistic option for clinical application in cancer treatment. This preclinical study demonstrates the advantage of using the small‐size MIDGE® DNA vector for improved transgene expression and therapeutic application. This is caused by significant increase in transcription efficiency, but not by increased intracellular vector copy numbers or gene transfer efficiency. We used the MIDGE‐hTNF‐alpha vector for high‐level expression of hTNF‐alpha in vitro and in vivo for a combined gene therapy and vindesine treatment in human melanoma models. The MIDGE vector mediated high‐level hTNF‐alpha expression leads to sensitization of melanoma cells towards vindesine. The increased efficacy of this combination is mediated by remarkable acceleration and increase of initiator caspase 8 and 9 and effector caspase 3 and 7 activation. In the therapeutic approach, the nonviral intratumoral in vivo jet‐injection gene transfer of MIDGE‐hTNF‐alpha in combination with vindesine causes melanoma growth inhibition in association with increased apoptosis in A375 cell line or patient derived human melanoma xenotransplant (PDX) models. This study represents a proof‐of‐concept for an anticipated phase I clinical gene therapy trial, in which the MIDGE‐hTNF‐alpha vector will be used for efficient combined chemo‐ and nonviral gene therapy of malignant melanoma.
Pain Location and Functioning in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Miró Jordi , Gertz Kevin J. , Carter Gregory T. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe influence of pain location and extent on functioning in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and chronic pain is not well understood.ObjectiveTo investigate the correlations between pain location and extent to determine which pain domains may be important to assess and potentially target in treating chronic pain in SCI populations.DesignProspective, observational study.SettingUniversity medical center.ParticipantsA total of 259 persons with an SCI and chronic pain.MethodsPostal mail survey questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasurementsPain sites, pain extent (number of sites), pain intensity in specific body locations, pain interference, and physical and psychological functioning.ResultsA positive association between pain extent and intensity with pain interference (r = 0.33, P < .01) and a negative association with psychological functioning were noted in the study sample (r = −0.21, P < .01). Pain intensity in the lower back and legs (r = 0.55, P < .01) and a number of other sites showed strong associations with patient functioning. Correlation with psychological functioning was significant but weaker (r = −0.22, P < .01 for the lower back and legs). Ambulatory status had only a small moderating effect on the associations between pain intensity in specific sites and pain interference and no effect on psychological functioning.ConclusionsThe findings support the importance of assessing pain intensity at specific locations as a part of a thorough evaluation of chronic pain, as well as the importance of addressing pain at multiple sites, when managing pain in persons with an SCI.
Immune response ofChilo suppressalisWalker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae to different entomopathogenic fungi
Authors: Zibaee A. , Malagoli D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe current study reports mortality and effects on cellular immune response of several entomopathogenic fungi including isoleates BB1, BB2 and BB3 ofBeauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosoroseusandLecanicilium lecaniiagainst larvae ofChilo suppressalis. Prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids were identified as the main circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph of larvae using Giemsa staining solution. Entomopathogenic fungi caused differential mortality on larvae: BB1, BB3,M. anisopliaelead to the highest mortality on larvae andL. lecaniicaused the lowest mortality. The highest numbers of total hemocytes were observed 3 h post-injection ofB. bassianaisolates and 6 h for the other treatments. The highest numbers of plasmatocytes were observed 3 h post-injection of BB1 and Tween 80, whereas BB2, BB3,M. anisopliae,I.fumosoroseusandL. lecanicaused plasmatocyte increase 6 h post-injection. Similar results were obtained in case of granulocytes but only Tween 80 showed the highest number of hemocytes 3 h post-injection. The highest numbers of nodules were found at various time intervals after injection of fungal isolates and latex bead. The highest activities of phenoloxidase were observed 12 h post-injection by BbB1, BbB3,M. anisopliaeand latex bead; 3–6 h post-injection by BbB2, 6 h post-injection byI. fumosoroseusand 3–6 h post-injection byL. lecanii. Our data demonstrate the possibility of utilizing different fungal extracts in the field to help reduce the risk of resistance evolution inC. suppressalisand encourage experimentations aimed to increase the number of biological control agent for insect pests such as the striped rice stem borerC. suppressalis.
CMOS polar transmitter with wide power control range
Authors: Lin H.‐C. , Chen J.‐H. 
Published: January 2014

A dual‐phase pulse‐modulated polar transmitter (PMPT) for wide power control range (PCR) applications is presented. For the validation of the proposed architecture, a radio‐frequency (RF) PMPT chip is implemented with a standard 0.18 μm 1P6M mixed‐signal CMOS process. The measurement results show that by using the proposed technique, wide PCR transmitters can be implemented accurately with low hardware requirements. An RF variable‐gain amplifier with just 21 dB of dynamic range is sufficient to pass the 80 dB PCR of the CDMA2000 standard. Compared with a conventional transmitter utilising linear power amplifiers, the proposed architecture has the potential of achieving much higher efficiency while being able to achieve chip‐level integration with eased circuit design specification.
Coupled‐line dual‐band bandpass filter with compact structure and wide stopband
Authors: Wu Yongle , Zhou Siyue , Zhang Weiwei , Liao Mengbi , Liu Yuanan 
Published: January 2014

A novel dual‐band bandpass filter with a compact structure and a wide stopband is proposed. The total structure includes coupled‐line stubs and coupled‐line connected sections, leading to a compact circuit. This proposed filter can be implemented easily by using single‐layer microstrip technology. The measured results of a prototype filter show that it can operate at both 1.32 and 2.67 GHz and up to the 8 GHz 15 dB stopband.
Ultra‐low‐phase‐noise CMOS LC quadrature voltage controlled oscillator with Colpitts topology
Authors: Hemmati M.J. 
Published: January 2014

A new low‐phase‐noise colpitts LC quadrature voltage controlled oscillator (QVCO) is presented. The proposed QVCO is realised by coupling two differential current‐switching Colpitts oscillators in an ‘in‐phase–anti‐phase’ manner. The coupling technique between the two Colpitts LC‐voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs) has significantly improved the phase noise of the proposed circuit without using any extra elements. The oscillation frequency of the proposed LC‐QVCO is 4 GHz. The Colpitts QVCO exhibits a phase noise of −131.5 and −141.3 dBc/Hz at 1 and 3 MHz offset, respectively. By generalising the coupling scheme to more than two differential Colpitts VCOs in a loop, multiphase signals can be generated.
Electromagnetic wave characteristics of second‐order composite frequency‐selective surfaces fabricated by e‐beam evaporator
Authors: Kim J.Y. , Kim D.S. , Woo D.W. , Shin D.S. , Park W.S. , Hwang W. 
Published: January 2014

A composite frequency‐selective surface (FSS) fabricated by using an e‐beam evaporator is proposed. This manufacturing process is advantageous in that it can directly achieve an FSS function for real structural surfaces with various skin conformations. A multilayered patch–grid–patch‐type FSS consisting of copper layers as capacitive or inductive surfaces and a glass/epoxy prepreg as the substrate is produced. It operates at 9–10 GHz for dual polarisation. This technique can be used to manufacture a stealth technology for communicating in a specific frequency range.
Rough parameter dependence in climate models and the role of Ruelle-Pollicott resonances
Authors: Chekroun Mickaël David , Neelin J. David , Kondrashov Dmitri , McWilliams James C. , Ghil Michael 
Published: January 2014

Significance
It is shown on a geophysical fluid model that the sensitive dependence on parametric variations of a given set of observations is related to the dominant modes of variability of the flow, as encoded through the Ruelle-Pollicott resonances. The latter are estimated by Markov modeling techniques. Such modeling and analysis methods can be used for any type of high-dimensional dissipative and chaotic dynamical systems.
Sub‐therapeutic Antibiotics and the Efficiency of U.S. Hog Farms
Authors: Key Nigel , McBride William D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA substantial share of U.S. hog producers incorporate antimicrobial drugs into their livestock's feed or water at sub‐therapeutic levels to promote feed efficiency and weight gain. Recently, in response to concerns that the overuse of antibiotics in livestock could promote the development of antimicrobial drug‐resistant bacteria, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration adopted a strategy to phase out the use of antibiotics for production purposes. This study uses a stochastic frontier model and data from the 2009 USDA Agricultural Resource Management Survey of feeder‐to‐finish hog producers to estimate the potential effects on hog output and output variability resulting from a ban on antibiotics used for growth promotion. We use propensity score nearest neighbor matching to create a balanced sample of sub‐therapeutic antibiotic (STA) users and nonusers. We estimate the frontier model for the pooled sample and separately for users and non‐users—which allows for a flexible interaction between STA use and the production technology. Point estimates for the matched sample indicate that STA use has a small positive effect on productivity and production risk, increasing output by 1.0–1.3% and reducing the standard deviation of unexplained output by 1.4%. The results indicate that improvements in productivity resulted exclusively from technological improvement rather than from an increase in technical efficiency.
An Efficient Nonmarket Institution under Imperfect Markets: Labor Sharing for Tropical Forest Clearing
Authors: Takasaki Yoshito , Coomes Oliver T. , Abizaid Christian , Brisson Stéphanie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article examines the substitutability, productivity, efficiency, and evolution of an important agrarian nonmarket institution—labor sharing. Analysis of field‐level data on forest clearing through time among Amazonian shifting cultivators reveals that (a) family, hired, and cooperative labor are perfect substitutes, and hired and cooperative labor are equally productive, and both are more productive than family labor; (b) the combination of labor market and labor sharing makes productivity‐adjusted total labor use unconstrained by household and network endowments (i.e., efficient labor allocation); and (c) as labor composition is constrained by network endowments and liquidity, credit policies alter both labor composition and labor network formation.
Subclonal variant calling with multiple samples and prior knowledge
Authors: Gerstung Moritz , Papaemmanuil Elli , Campbell Peter J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Targeted resequencing of cancer genes in large cohorts of patients is important to understand the biological and clinical consequences of mutations. Cancers are often clonally heterogeneous, and the detection of subclonal mutations is important from a diagnostic point of view, but presents strong statistical challenges.
Results: Here we present a novel statistical approach for calling mutations from large cohorts of deeply resequenced cancer genes. These data allow for precisely estimating local error profiles and enable detecting mutations with high sensitivity and specificity. Our probabilistic method incorporates knowledge about the distribution of variants in terms of a prior probability. We show that our algorithm has a high accuracy of calling cancer mutations and demonstrate that the detected clonal and subclonal variants have important prognostic consequences.
Availability: Code is available as part of the Bioconductor package deepSNV.
Contact: mg14@sanger.ac.uk; pc8@sanger.ac.uk
Preventing overfishing: evolving approaches and emerging challenges
Authors: Sissenwine Michael M. , Mace Pamela M. , Lassen Hans J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Sissenwine, M. M., Mace P. M., and Lassen, H. J. 2014. Preventing Overfishing: Evolving Approaches and Emerging Challenges. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 153–156. The evolution of fishery management frameworks to prevent overfishing is the theme of the eight papers that follow in this issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science. The current paper describes common elements of the frameworks. All the frameworks are based on the maximum sustainable yield concept. Frameworks to prevent overfishing have evolved to be increasingly prescriptive. This evolution probably reflects past abuse of flexibility which led to overfishing. The outcome has been a decline in the proportion of stocks suffering from overfishing. However, loss of flexibility may result in large foregone yields from multispecies fisheries, create a mis-match between the expectations for scientific information and the realities of scientific uncertainty, and fail to recognize ecosystem dynamics.
Simulation testing the robustness of stock assessment models to error: some results from the ICES strategic initiative on stock assessment methods
Authors: Deroba J.J. , Butterworth D.S. , Methot R.D. , De Oliveira J.A.A. , Fernandez C. , Nielsen A. , Cadrin S.X. , Dickey-Collas M. , Legault C.M. , Ianelli J. , Valero J.L. , Needle C.L. , O'Malley J.M. , Chang Y-J. , Thompson G.G. , Canales C. , Swain D.P. , Miller D.C.M. , Hintzen N.T. , Bertignac M. , Ibaibarriaga L. , Silva A. , Murta A. , Kell L.T. , de Moor C.L. , Parma A.M. , Dichmont C.M. , Restrepo V.R. , Ye Y. , Jardim E. , Spencer P.D. , Hanselman D.H. , Blaylock J. , Mood M. , Hulson P.-J. F. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The World Conference on Stock Assessment Methods (July 2013) included a workshop on testing assessment methods through simulations. The exercise was made up of two steps applied to datasets from 14 representative fish stocks from around the world. Step 1 involved applying stock assessments to datasets with varying degrees of effort dedicated to optimizing fit. Step 2 was applied to a subset of the stocks and involved characteristics of given model fits being used to generate pseudo-data with error. These pseudo-data were then provided to assessment modellers and fits to the pseudo-data provided consistency checks within (self-tests) and among (cross-tests) assessment models. Although trends in biomass were often similar across models, the scaling of absolute biomass was not consistent across models. Similar types of models tended to perform similarly (e.g. age based or production models). Self-testing and cross-testing of models are a useful diagnostic approach, and suggested that estimates in the most recent years of time-series were the least robust. Results from the simulation exercise provide a basis for guidance on future large-scale simulation experiments and demonstrate the need for strategic investments in the evaluation and development of stock assessment methods.
Predicting DNA methylation level across human tissues
Authors: Ma Baoshan , Wilker Elissa H. , Willis-Owen Saffron A. G. , Byun Hyang-Min , Wong Kenny C. C. , Motta Valeria , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Schwartz Joel , Cookson William O. C. M. , Khabbaz Kamal , Mittleman Murray A. , Moffatt Miriam F. , Liang Liming 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Differences in methylation across tissues are critical to cell differentiation and are key to understanding the role of epigenetics in complex diseases. In this investigation, we found that locus-specific methylation differences between tissues are highly consistent across individuals. We developed a novel statistical model to predict locus-specific methylation in target tissue based on methylation in surrogate tissue. The method was evaluated in publicly available data and in two studies using the latest IlluminaBeadChips: a childhood asthma study with methylation measured in both peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and lymphoblastoid cell lines; and a study of postoperative atrial fibrillation with methylation in PBL, atrium and artery. We found that our method can greatly improve accuracy of cross-tissue prediction at CpG sites that are variable in the target tissue [R2 increases from 0.38 (original R2 between tissues) to 0.89 for PBL-to-artery prediction; from 0.39 to 0.95 for PBL-to-atrium; and from 0.81 to 0.98 for lymphoblastoid cell line-to-PBL based on cross-validation, and confirmed using cross-study prediction]. An extended model with multiple CpGs further improved performance. Our results suggest that large-scale epidemiology studies using easy-to-access surrogate tissues (e.g. blood) could be recalibrated to improve understanding of epigenetics in hard-to-access tissues (e.g. atrium) and might enable non-invasive disease screening using epigenetic profiles.
Estimating seed bank accumulation and dynamics in three obligate-seeder Proteaceae species
Authors: Jenkins Meaghan E. , Morrison David A. , Auld Tony D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe seed bank dynamics of the three co-occurring obligate-seeder (i.e. fire-sensitive) Proteaceae species,Banksia ericifolia,Banksia marginataandPetrophile pulchella, were examined at sites of varying time since the most recent fire (i.e. plant age) in the Sydney region. Significant variation among species was found in the number of cones produced, the position of the cones within the canopy, the percentage of barren cones produced (Banksiaspecies only), the number of follicles/bracts produced per cone, and the number of seeds lost/released due to spontaneous fruit rupture. Thus, three different regeneration strategies were observed, highlighting the variation in reproductive strategies of co-occurring Proteaceae species. Ultimately,B. marginatapotentially accumulated a seed bank of ∼3000 seeds per plant after 20 years, with ∼1500 seeds per plant forP. pulchellaand ∼500 forB. ericifolia. Based on these data,B. marginataandB. ericifoliarequire a minimum fire-free period of 8–10 years, with 7–8 years forP. pulchella, to allow for an adequate seed bank to accumulate and thus ensure local persistence of these species in fire-prone habitats.
Tracking global changes induced in the CD4 T cell receptor repertoire by immunisation with a complex antigen using local sequence features of CDR3 protein sequence
Authors: Thomas Niclas , Best Katharine , Cinelli Mattia , Reich-Zeliger Shlomit , Gal Hilah , Shifrut Eric , Madi Asaf , Friedman Nir , Shawe-Taylor John , Chain Benny 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe clonal theory of adaptive immunity proposes that immunological responses are encoded by increases in the frequency of lymphocytes carrying antigen-specific receptors. In this study, we measure the frequency of different TcRs in CD4+ T cell populations of mice immunized with a complex antigen, killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using high throughput parallel sequencing of the TcR beta chain. In order to track the changes induced by immunisation within this very heterogeneous repertoire, the sequence data were classified by counting the frequency of different clusters of short (3 or 4) continuous stretches of amino acids within the CDR3 repertoire of different mice. Both unsupervised (hierarchical clustering) and supervised (support vector machine) analysis of these different distributions of sequence clusters differentiated between immunised and unimmunised mice with 100% efficiency. The CD4+ T cell receptor repertoires of mice 5 and 14 days post immunisation were clearly different from that of unimmunised mice, but were not distinguishable from each other. However, the repertoires of mice 60 days post immunisation were distinct both from unimmunised mice, and the day 5/14 animals. Our results reinforce the remarkable diversity of the T cell receptor repertoire, resulting in many diverse private TcRs contributing to the T cell response even in genetically identical mice responding to the same antigen. Finally, specific motifs defined by short sequences of amino acids within the CDR3 region may have a major effect on TcR specificity. The results of this study provide new insights into the properties of the CD4+ adaptive T cell response.