bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of combustion characteristics of extended coherent flame model 3 zones (ECFM‐3Z) in diesel engines running with biodiesel
Authors: Özbilen Şeyma Karahan , Kaleli Emrullah Hakan , Aydar Emir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research investigates the application of Extended Coherent Flame Model‐3 Zones (ECFM‐3Z) to assess the performance and emissions of rapeseed oil methyl ester (ROME). Experimental tests were carried out using a Lombardini 3 LD 350 model single‐cylinder diesel engine, at 1600–3000 rpm with 200 rpm speed increments, under full load conditions. For numerical analysis, STAR‐CD/ESICE software was employed. Methyl Oleate (C19H36O2) was predicted as the surrogate biodiesel based on Gas Chromatography (GC) analysis and average mass calculation. Notably, the numerical analysis revealed a remarkable similarity in brake power between the experimental and computational investigations. In the range of 2400–3000 rpm, the biodiesel's performance exhibited a maximum deviation of 5%, primarily attributed to pumping, thermal, and friction losses. In terms of emissions, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were consistent with the findings of the experimental study, with a maximum disparity of 10%. However, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions ranged from 57% to 65% lower than those observed in the experimental study, while nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions exhibited a reduction of 63% to 84%. In contrast, oxygen (O2) emissions were notably higher, ranging from 93% to 117% compared to the experimental study, and exhaust temperatures were elevated by 33% to 49% in comparison to the experimental results.
Gender promotion gaps across business units in a multiunit organization: Supply‐ and demand‐side drivers
Authors: Hamori Monika , Monneuse Denis , Yan Zhaoyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDrawing on gender role and gender queuing theories, we employ a multi‐stage process model to investigate demand‐ and supply‐side drivers of gender promotion gaps and to explore variations in these gaps across different business units within an organization. Analyzing 9 years of personnel records from a multiunit European bank, we find that the gender promotion gap is influenced by both supply‐side and demand‐side factors. Specifically, women are less likely than men to express a motivation to change to a new job or move to a different unit within the bank. Those who do express such motivation are as likely as men to be reassigned to new roles, but their moves are less likely to constitute promotions than are men's moves. Furthermore, gender promotion gaps vary significantly within the organization itself. Business units with the most significant gaps are in regions that have fewer available organizational positions to move into, diminishing women's motivation to seek such moves, and have jobs with numerous incumbents, decreasing women's chances to get a new job or secure a promotion upon doing so. This study extends gender role theory by creating a unified theoretical model that incorporates both employee and employer gender role perceptions as drivers of promotions. It contributes to gender queuing theory by demonstrating the theory's relevance to promotion outcomes.
Influence of adjuvant therapies on organ‐specific recurrence of cutaneous melanoma: A multicenter study on 1383 patients of the prospective DeCOG registry ADOReg
Authors: Wohlfeil Sebastian A. , Kranzmann Leonie , Weiß Christel , von Wasielewski Imke , Klespe Kai C. , Kähler Katharina C. , Weichenthal Michael , Schadendorf Dirk , Zimmer Lisa , Mohr Peter , Meier Friedegund , Pfoehler Claudia , Berking Carola , Heppt Markus V. , Herbst Rudolf , Kreuter Alexander , Gutzmer Ralf , Ulrich Jens , Meiss Frank , Gebhardt Christoffer , Dippel Edgar , Leiter Ulrike , Schilling Bastian , Ugurel Selma , Utikal Jochen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated whether adjuvant treatments in stage III cutaneous melanoma (CM) influenced patterns of recurrence. Patients with primary (n = 1033) or relapsed CM (n = 350) who received adjuvant therapies with Nivolumab (N), Pembrolizumab (P), or Dabrafenib and Trametinib (D + T) were extracted from the prospective multicenter real‐world skin cancer registry ADOReg. Endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), organ‐specific DMFS, and overall survival (OS). For primary cases, D + T indicated an improved PFS (1‐ and 2‐year PFS: 90.9%; 82.7%) as compared to P (81.0%, 73.9%; p = .0208), or N (83.8%, 75.2%; p = .0539). BRAF‐mutated(mut) CM demonstrated significantly lower PFS (p = .0022) and decreased DMFS (p = .0580) when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) instead of D + T. Besides, NRAS‐mut CM tended to perform worse than wt CM upon ICI (PFS: p = .1349; DMFS: p = .0540). OS was similar between the groups. Relapsed cases showed decreased PFS, DMFS, and OS in comparison to primary (all: p < .001), without significant differences between the subgroups. Organ‐specific DMFS was significantly altered for primary cases with bone (p = .0367) or brain metastases (p = .0202). In relapsed CM, the frequency of liver (D + T: 1.5%; P: 12%; N: 9%) and LN metastases (D + T: 1.5%; P: 12%; N: 10.2%) was significantly lower with adjuvant D + T than ICI. NRAS‐mut CM showed increased recurrence in primary and relapsed cases. These data show that adjuvant D + T is superior to ICI in primary BRAF‐mut CM.
Over 500°C stable transparent conductive oxide for optoelectronics
Authors: Li Peng , Li Fangchao , Ma Jiani , Lin Dong , Ma Jiangang , Ding Lizhi , Guo Junjun , Cao Xingzhong , Shi Junwei , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature stable transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are highly desirable in optoelectronics but are rarely achieved due to the defect generation that is inevitable during high‐temperature air annealing. This work reports unprecedented stability in aluminum and fluorine co‐doped ZnO (AFZO) films prepared by pulse laser deposition. The AFZO can retain a mobility of 60 cm2 V−1 s−1, an electron concentration of 4.5 × 1020 cm−3, and a visible transmittance of 91% after air‐annealing at 600°C. Comprehensive defect characterization and first principles calculations have revealed that the offset of substitutional aluminum by zinc vacancy is responsible for the instability observed in aluminum‐doped ZnO, and the pairing between fluorine substitution and zinc vacancy ensures the high‐temperature stability of AFZO. The utility of AFZO in enabling the epitaxial growth of (AlxGa1−x)2O3 film within a high‐temperature, oxygen‐rich environment is demonstrated, facilitating the development of a self‐powered solar‐blind ultraviolet Schottky photodiode. Furthermore, the high‐mobility AFZO transparent electrode enables perovskite solar cells to achieve improved power conversion efficiency by balancing the electron concentration‐dependent conductivity and transmittance. These findings settle the long‐standing controversy surrounding the instability in TCOs and open up exciting prospects for the advancement of optoelectronics.image
Abnormal behavior monitoring enhanced smart university stadium under the background of “Internet plus”
Authors: Li Yan , Meng Xiao , Zhang Xiaochen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of the Internet of Things and 5G technology, smart university gymnasiums have become more and more important. However, it has become increasingly difficult for university gymnasium management, especially to detect abnormal behavior with dense crowds under limited venue space. To handle this issue, this paper designs an Artificial Intelligence Internet of Things (AIoT) abnormal behavior detection system which consists of the 5G camera, 5G transmission network and cloud platform. The 5G camera captures and transmits the video to the cloud platform by exploiting the 5G wireless sensor network. In the cloud platform, a hybrid variational autoencoder backbone which exploits the pre‐trained VGG16 and Transformer model is deployed to detect abnormal behaviors. Moreover, by introducing adversarial training mechanisms, the robustness of the proposed model is effectively improved. The experimental results on our self‐built gymnasium abnormal behavior dataset show that the proposed model can correctly identify most of the abnormal behaviors in the gymnasium compared to other models.
KLF13 restrains Dll4‐muscular Notch2 axis to improve the muscle atrophy
Authors: Yang Shu , Xiong Lijiao , Yang Guangyan , Xiang Jiaqing , Li Lixing , Kang Lin , Liang Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMuscle atrophy can cause muscle dysfunction and weakness. Krüppel‐like factor 13 (KLF13), a central regulator of cellular energy metabolism, is highly expressed in skeletal muscles and implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. This study investigated the role of KLF13 in muscle atrophy, which could be a novel therapeutic target.MethodsThe effects of gene knockdown and pharmacological targeting of KLF13 on skeletal muscle atrophy were investigated using cell‐based and animal models. Clofoctol, an antibiotic and KLF13 agonist, was also investigated as a candidate for repurposing. The mechanisms related to skeletal muscle atrophy were assessed by measuring the expression levels and activation statuses of key regulatory pathways and validated using gene knockdown and RNA sequencing.ResultsIn a dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy mouse model, the KLF13 knockout group had decreased muscle strength (N) (1.77 ± 0.10 vs. 1.48 ± 0.16, P < 0.01), muscle weight (%) [gastrocnemius (Gas): 76.0 ± 5.69 vs. 60.7 ± 7.23, P < 0.001; tibialis anterior (TA): 75.8 ± 6.21 vs. 67.5 ± 5.01, P < 0.05], and exhaustive running distance (m) (495.5 ± 64.8 vs. 315.5 ± 60.9, P < 0.05) compared with the control group. KLF13 overexpression preserved muscle mass (Gas: 100 ± 6.38 vs. 120 ± 14.4, P < 0.01) and the exhaustive running distance (423.8 ± 59.04 vs. 530.2 ± 77.45, P < 0.05) in an in vivo diabetes‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Clofoctol treatment protected against dexamethasone‐induced muscle atrophy. Myotubes treated with dexamethasone, an atrophy‐inducing glucocorticoid, were aggravated by KLF13 knockout, but anti‐atrophic effects were achieved by inducing KLF13 overexpression. We performed a transcriptome analysis and luciferase reporter assays to further explore this mechanism, finding that delta‐like 4 (Dll4) was a novel target gene of KLF13. The KLF13 transcript repressed Dll4, inhibiting the Dll4‐Notch2 axis and preventing muscle atrophy. Dexamethasone inhibited KLF13 expression by inhibiting myogenic differentiation 1 (i.e., MYOD1)‐mediated KLF13 transcriptional activation and promoting F‐Box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (i.e., FBXW7)‐mediated KLF13 ubiquitination.ConclusionsThis study sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle atrophy and potential drug targets. KLF13 regulates muscle atrophy and is a potential therapeutic target. Clofoctol is an attractive compound for repurposing studies to treat skeletal muscle atrophy.
Artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, and dental education: Implications for reflective assignments and qualitative research
Authors: Brondani Mario , Alves Claudia , Ribeiro Cecilia , Braga Mariana M , Garcia Renata C Mathes , Ardenghi Thiago , Pattanaporn Komkham 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionReflections enable students to gain additional value from a given experience. The use of Chat Generative Pre‐training Transformer (ChatGPT, OpenAI Incorporated) has gained momentum, but its impact on dental education is understudied.ObjectivesTo assess whether or not university instructors can differentiate reflections generated by ChatGPT from those generated by students, and to assess whether or not the content of a thematic analysis generated by ChatGPT differs from that generated by qualitative researchers on the same reflections.MethodsHardcopies of 20 reflections (10 generated by undergraduate dental students and 10 generated by ChatGPT) were distributed to three instructors who had at least 5 years of teaching experience. Instructors were asked to assign either ‘ChatGPT’ or ‘student’ to each reflection. Ten of these reflections (five generated by undergraduate dental students and five generated by ChatGPT) were randomly selected and distributed to two qualitative researchers who were asked to perform a brief thematic analysis with codes and themes. The same ten reflections were also thematically analyzed by ChatGPT.ResultsThe three instructors correctly determined whether the reflections were student or ChatGPT generated 85% of the time. Most disagreements (40%) happened with the reflections generated by ChatGPT, as the instructors thought to be generated by students. The thematic analyses did not differ substantially when comparing the codes and themes produced by the two researchers with those generated by ChatGPT.ConclusionsInstructors could differentiate between reflections generated by ChatGPT or by students most of the time. The overall content of a thematic analysis generated by the artificial intelligence program ChatGPT did not differ from that generated by qualitative researchers. Overall, the promising applications of ChatGPT will likely generate a paradigm shift in (dental) health education, research, and practice.
Co‐delivery of oncolytic virus and chemotherapeutic modality: Vincristine against prostate cancer treatment: A potent viro‐chemotherapeutic approach
Authors: Anjum Sadia , Naseer Faiza , Ahmad Tahir , Liaquat Afrose , Abduh Maisa S. , Kousar Kousain 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProstate cancer is a prevalent carcinoma among males, and conventional treatment options are often limited. Cytotoxic chemotherapy, despite its drawbacks, remains a mainstay. We propose a targeted co‐delivery approach using nanoscale delivery units for Oncolytic measles virus (OMV) and vincristine (VC) to enhance treatment efficacy. The HA‐coated OMV + VC‐loaded TCs nanoformulation is designed for targeted oncolytic activity in prostate cancer. The CD44 expression analysis in prostate cancer cell lines indicates a significantly high expression in PC3 cells. The optimization of nanoformulations using Design of Expert (DOE) is performed, and the preparation and characterization of HA‐coated OMV + VC‐loaded TCs nanoformulations are detailed showing average particle size 397.2 ± 0.01 nm and polydispersity index 0.122 with zeta potential 19.7 + 0.01 mV. Results demonstrate successful encapsulation efficiency with 2.4 × 106 TCID50/Ml and sustained release of OMV and VC from the nanoformulation for up to 72 h. In vitro, assays reveal potent anticancer activity at 10 ± 0.71% cell viability in PC3 cells compared to 73 ± 0.66% in HPrEC and significant morphological changes at 90 µg/ml in dose and time‐dependent manner. The co‐formulation showed positive cell death 49.5 ± 0.02% at 50 µg PI/ml in PBS and 54.3% cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, 8.1% G0/G1 and 5.7% at S phase, with significant mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) at 50 µg/ml, as assessed by flow cytometry (FACS). The surface‐integrating ligand approach enhances the targeted delivery of the oncolytic virus and chemotherapeutic drug, presenting a potential alternative for prostate cancer treatment and suggested that co‐administering VC and OMV in a nanoformulation could improve therapeutic outcomes while reducing chemotherapeutic drug doses.
Effect of N‐acetyl cysteine in children with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease—A pilot study
Authors: Babu Balagopal P. , Kohli Rohit , Uppal Vikas , Averill Lauren , Shah Chetan , McGoogan Katherine , Di Guglielmo Matthew , Goran Michael , Hossain Md Jobayer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevalence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and its sequelae of more severe forms such as metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is rapidly increasing in children with the rise in obesity. Successful and sustainable treatments for MASLD are lacking in children. We determined the therapeutic effect of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) on biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance (IR), liver enzymes, liver fat fraction (LFF) and liver stiffness (LS) in children with obesity and biopsy‐confirmed MASLD.MethodsThirteen children (n = 13; age: 13.6 ± 2.8 years; NAS score >2) underwent a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of NAC (either 600 or 1200 mg NAC/day) or placebo for 16 weeks. Measurements included LFF (magnetic resonance imaging), LS (ultrasound elastography), and body composition. Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH), liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, adiponectin, high‐sensitivity c‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were also measured. homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was calculated.ResultsSixteen‐week NAC treatment improved (baseline adjusted between‐group p < .05 for all) markers of inflammation (IL‐6 and hs‐CRP), oxidative stress (GSH), and IR (HOMA‐IR) and reduced liver enzymes, LFF and LS. Body weight and body composition did not show beneficial changes.ConclusionsSixteen‐week NAC treatment was well tolerated in children with obesity and MASLD and led to improvements in oxidative stress, inflammation and IR and liver outcomes. The results from this pilot study support further investigation of NAC as a therapeutic agent in children with MASLD.
Bioactivity evaluation and active compounds identification of Symphoricarpos orbiculatus as potential botanical herbicide
Authors: Li Weijia , Xue Yuanji , Yao Zhipeng , Weng Hua , Zhang Bin , Ma Zhiqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEvaluation of herbicidal activity and identification of active compounds are important bases for the development of new botanical herbicides.RESULTSThis study confirmed that Symphoricarpos orbiculatus has high herbicidal activities against mono‐dicotyledonous weeds, including Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Amaranthus retroflexus and Portulaca oleracea. By bioassay‐guided isolation, 12 compounds were isolated and identified from S. orbiculatus for the first time, including iridoids: naucledal (K1), loganin (K2), loganigenin (K3), loganin acid (K4), glucologanin (K5) and vogeloside (K6), as well as flavonoids: quercetine (K7), luteolin (K8), nobiletin (K9), astragalin (K10), isorhamnetin 3‐d‐glucoside (K11) and rutin (K12). Biological assays showed that iridoids are the main active ingredients of S. orbiculatus. The compounds of K5 and K6 could inhibit both the root (IC50 = 37.54 and 38.91 μg mL−1, respectively) and shoot (IC50 = 42.78 and 45.72 μg mL−1, respectively) of Portulaca oleracea, which have a weeding toxicity similar to that of the commercialized plant‐based herbicide pelargonic acid. In addition, the results of pot culture assay showed that S. orbiculatus ethanol extracts had high fresh weight control effect against Digitaria sanguinalis and P. oleracea at the concentration of 40 g L−1. After 7 days, both the soil treatment and the stem and leaf spray method resulted in severe leaf necrosis and significant leaf etiolation.CONCLUSIONSymphoricarpos orbiculatus and its herbicidal active compounds have the potential to develop into botanical herbicides, and are first reported in the present study. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Moderate India Pale Ale beer consumption promotes antigenotoxic and non‐mutagenic effects in ex vivo and in vivo mice models
Authors: de Cordova Kindermann Schellen , Caon Glauco , Boeck Carina Rodrigues , de Oliveira Bauer Carla , dos Santos da Silva Nicollas , Possamai Otavio Lucio , Longaretti Luiza Martins , Magenis Marina Lummertz , Damiani Adriani Paganini , de Oliveira Monteiro Isadora , de Andrade Vanessa Moraes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiscussion of the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption is ongoing. Broadly, research focusing on ethanol consumption tends to report no benefits. However, studies that distinguish between different types of alcoholic beverages, particularly beers, often reveal positive effects.The present study evaluated the genotoxic and mutagenic effects of moderate chronic consumption of India Pale Ale (IPA) craft beer. Sixty‐four adult male Swiss mice were used and divided into control and treatment groups receiving water, IPA beer with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter of beer, aqueous solution with 55.23 g of ethanol per liter, and hop infusion ad libitum for 30 days. After this period, the animals were genetically evaluated with a comet assay. For the ex vivo comet assay, blood was collected and exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For the in vivo assay, the alkylating agent cyclophosphamide (CP) was administered to the groups after blood collection and sacrificed after 24 h. Brain, liver, and heart tissues were analyzed. Bone marrow was collected and submitted to the micronucleus test.RESULTSThe groups treated with IPA beer, ethanol, and hops did not show genotoxic and mutagenic action in the blood, brain, heart, or liver. The antigenotoxic action of IPA beer and hops was observed in both in vivo and ex vivo models, showing a similar reduction in DNA damage caused by CP. There was no significant difference between the groups with regard to the formation of micronuclei by CP.CONCLUSIONModerate chronic consumption of IPA beer and hops infusion showed antigenotoxic effects in mice but no antimutagenic action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vena cava leiomyosarcoma surgery results in a retrospective cohort of 41 patients from two centers
Authors: Bertrand Thibaud , Faron Matthieu , Mercier Olaf , Ngo Carine , Le Pechoux Cécile , Levy Antonin , Issard Justin , Henon Clémence , Honoré Charles , Fadel Elie , Le Cesne Axel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeiomyosarcoma of the vena cava (LMS‐VC) is a rare entity with poor oncological outcomes and a lack of histological staging prognostic factors.MethodsOutcomes of consecutive patients operated on LMS‐VC between March 2003 and May 2022, in two specialized sarcoma centers were reported.ResultForty‐one patients were identified. Median size of LMS‐VC was 9 cm with 68% of complete obstruction. After surgery, severe complication rate was 30%. No postoperative mortality was reported. Microscopic complete excision was obtained for 71% of patients, R1 for 27% and one patient presented an R2 resection. Grade 3 was found in 24%. After a median follow‐up of 70 months, 3 years disease‐free survival (DFS) and 5 years DFS were 34% and 17%, and 3 years overall survival (OS) and 5 years OS were 74% and 50%. Distant metastasis concerned 54% of recurrences, local 7% and local and distant 5%. Multivariate analysis showed that FNCLCC grade (p < 0.001) and perioperative chemotherapy (p = 0.026) were significant factors for DFS. In multivariate analysis, FNCLCC grade was a significant factor for OS (p = 0.004).DiscussionPerioperative chemotherapy may have a role to play in lowering the risk of recurrence for LMS‐VC, particularly in high‐grade tumor.