bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root‐lodging resistance in maize as an example for high‐throughput genetic mapping via single nucleotide polymorphism‐based selective genotyping
Authors: Farkhari Mohammad , Krivanek Alan , Xu Yunbi , Rong Tingzhao , Naghavi Mohammad R. , Samadi Bahman Y. , Lu Yanli 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLarge‐scale selective genotyping and high‐throughput analysis are two important strategies for low‐cost and high‐effective genetic mapping. In this study, selective genotyping was applied to four maize F2 populations. Thirty plants were selected from each of the two tails of the original F2 populations to represent extreme resistant and susceptible plants to root lodging, and genotyped individually with 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A quantitative trait locus (QTL) was declared when at least three closely linked SNPs showed significant allele frequency difference between the two tails. Nine QTL were identified for root lodging across the four populations, which were located on chromosomes 2, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 10 and one of them was shared between two populations. A total of 20 segregation distortion regions (SDRs) were identified across the four populations, one of which was co‐localized with a QTL on chromosome 4. The tightly linked SNPs identified in this study can be used for marker‐assisted selection for root lodging. Selective genotyping, when combined with pooled DNA analysis, can be used to develop strategies for high‐throughput genetic mapping for all crops.
Systematic measurements of whole‐body imaging dose distributions in image‐guided radiation therapy
Authors: Hälg Roger A. , Besserer Jürgen , Schneider Uwe 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:The full benefit of the increased precision of contemporary treatment techniques can only be exploited if the accuracy of the patient positioning is guaranteed. Therefore, more and more imaging modalities are used in the process of the patient setup in clinical routine of radiation therapy. The improved accuracy in patient positioning, however, results in additional dose contributions to the integral patient dose. To quantify this, absorbed dose measurements from typical imaging procedures involved in an image‐guided radiation therapy treatment were measured in an anthropomorphic phantom for a complete course of treatment. The experimental setup, including the measurement positions in the phantom, was exactly the same as in a preceding study of radiotherapy stray dose measurements. This allows a direct combination of imaging dose distributions with the therapy dose distribution.Methods:Individually calibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters were used to measure absorbed dose in an anthropomorphic phantom at 184 locations. The dose distributions from imaging devices used with treatment machines from the manufacturers Accuray, Elekta, Siemens, and Varian and from computed tomography scanners from GE Healthcare were determined and the resulting effective dose was calculated. The list of investigated imaging techniques consisted of cone beam computed tomography (kilo‐ and megavoltage), megavoltage fan beam computed tomography, kilo‐ and megavoltage planar imaging, planning computed tomography with and without gating methods and planar scout views.Results:A conventional 3D planning CT resulted in an effective dose additional to the treatment stray dose of less than 1 mSv outside of the treated volume, whereas a 4D planning CT resulted in a 10 times larger dose. For a daily setup of the patient with two planar kilovoltage images or with a fan beam CT at the TomoTherapy unit, an additional effective dose outside of the treated volume of less than 0.4 mSv and 1.4 mSv was measured, respectively. Using kilovoltage or megavoltage radiation to obtain cone beam computed tomography scans led to an additional dose of 8–46 mSv. For treatment verification images performed once per week using double exposure technique, an additional effective dose of up to 18 mSv was measured.Conclusions:Daily setup imaging using kilovoltage planar images or TomoTherapy megavoltage fan beam CT imaging can be used as a standard procedure in clinical routine. Daily kilovoltage and megavoltage cone beam computed tomography setup imaging should be applied on an individual or indication based protocol. Depending on the imaging scheme applied, image‐guided radiation therapy can be administered without increasing the dose outside of the treated volume compared to therapies without image guidance.
Natural Killer Cells Protect against Mucosal and Systemic Infection with the Enteric Pathogen Citrobacter rodentium
Authors: Hall Lindsay J. , Murphy Carola T. , Hurley Grainne , Quinlan Aoife , Shanahan Fergus , Nally Kenneth , Melgar Silvia 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Natural killer (NK) cells are traditionally considered in the context of tumor surveillance and viral defense, but their role in bacterial infections, particularly those caused by enteric pathogens, is less clear. C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged with
Citrobacter rodentium
, a murine pathogen related to human diarrheagenic
Escherichia coli
. We used polyclonal anti-asialo GM1 antibody to actively deplete NK cells
in vivo
. Bioluminescent imaging and direct counts were used to follow infection. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to analyze immune responses. During
C. rodentium
infection, NK cells were recruited to mucosal tissues, where they expressed a diversity of immune-modulatory factors. Depletion of NK cells led to higher bacterial loads but less severe colonic inflammation, associated with reduced immune cell recruitment and lower cytokine levels. NK cell-depleted mice also developed disseminated systemic infection, unlike control infected mice. NK cells were also cytotoxic to
C. rodentium
in vitro
.
Respiratory symptoms and peripheral airways disease in a cross-sectional study on a random population sample
Authors: Olofson Jan Yngve , Houltz Birgitta , Nilsson Tengelin Maria , Bake Björn 
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesRespiratory symptoms are associated with spirometry results but more strongly with smoking history, suggesting that alterations in the lung other than those revealed by spirometry contribute to cause symptoms. Smoking may cause obstruction of peripheral airways that is poorly detected by spirometry. The slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen (N2) test detects smoking-induced alterations in smokers before spirometry is impaired. The aim of the present investigation was to study the association between respiratory symptoms and the slope of phase III adjusting for spirometry results and smoking history.DesignSingle-centre retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingUniversity hospital in Gothenburg, Sweden.ParticipantsA random population sample of 430 elderly men.MethodsThe presence of seven different respiratory symptoms were analysed by a multiple logistic regression model in relation to spirometry results, smoking history (pack-years) and the slope of phase III in a population sample of 430 elderly men, age span 50–67 years. Furthermore, smoking normalised values of the slope of phase III were calculated and differences between subjects reporting/not reporting symptoms were tested.ResultsThe presence of some cough symptoms was significantly associated with a steep slope of phase III also when adjusting for spirometry results and smoking history. Furthermore, smoking normalised slope of phase III was significantly steeper among subjects with cough symptoms compared to those without cough symptoms.ConclusionsCough symptoms may be an effect of abnormalities in peripheral airways at least among elderly men.
Yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with fruits and blossoms of different fruit trees
Authors: Vadkertiová Renáta , Molnárová Jana , Vránová Dana , Sláviková Elena 
Published: December 2012

Yeasts are common inhabitants of the phyllosphere, but our knowledge of their diversity in various plant organs is still limited. This study focused on the diversity of yeasts and yeast-like organisms associated with matured fruits and fully open blossoms of apple, plum, and pear trees, during 2 consecutive years at 3 localities in southwest Slovakia. The occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in fruit samples was 2½ times higher and the yeast community more diverse than that in blossom samples. Only 2 species (Aureobasidium pullulans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima) occurred regularly in the blossom samples, whereas Galactomyces candidus, Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Hanseniaspora uvarum, M. pulcherrima, Pichia kluyveri, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were the most frequently isolated species from the fruit samples. The ratio of the number of samples where only individual species were present to the number of samples where 2 or more species were found (consortium) was counted. The occurrence of individual species in comparison with consortia was much higher in blossom samples than in fruit samples. In the latter, consortia predominated. Aureobasidium pullulans, M. pulcherrima, and S. cerevisiae, isolated from both the fruits and blossoms, can be considered as resident yeast species of various fruit tree species cultivated in southwest Slovakia localities.
Copper stress and filamentous fungusHumicola lutea103 — ultrastructural changes and activities of key metabolic enzymes
Authors: Krumova Ekaterina Ts. , Stoitsova Stoyanka R. , Paunova-Krasteva Tsvetelina S. , Pashova Svetlana B. , Angelova Maria B. 
Published: December 2012

Humicola lutea 103 is a copper-tolerant fungal strain able to grow in the presence of 300 μg·mL–1Cu2+under submerged cultivation. To prevent the consequences of copper overload, microorganisms have evolved molecular mechanisms that regulate its uptake, intracellular traffic, storage, and efflux. In spite of this avoidance strategy, high heavy-metal concentrations caused distinct and widespread ultrastructural alterations in H. lutea. The mitochondria were the first and main target of the toxic action. The effect of copper on activities of the key enzymes (hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase) included in the 3 main metabolic pathways, glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and tricarboxylic acid cycle, was investigated. High metal concentrations exhibited a dramatic negative effect on hexokinase, while the other 3 enzymes showed a significant and dose-dependent stimulation. On the basis of the present and previous results we concluded that the copper-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the fungal tolerance to high Cu2+concentrations.
GA201 (RG7160): A Novel, Humanized, Glycoengineered Anti-EGFR Antibody with Enhanced ADCC and Superior In Vivo Efficacy Compared with Cetuximab
Authors: Gerdes Christian A. , Nicolini Valeria Gonzalez , Herter Sylvia , van Puijenbroek Erwin , Lang Sabine , Roemmele Michaela , Moessner Ekkehard , Freytag Olivier , Friess Thomas , Ries Carola H. , Bossenmaier Birgit , Mueller Hans Joachim , Umaña Pablo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Anti-EGF receptor (EGFR) antibodies and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors have shown activity in epithelial tumors; however, agents that work by blocking the EGFR growth signal are ineffective when the oncogenic stimulus arises downstream, such as in tumors with KRAS mutations. Antibodies of the IgG1 subclass can also kill tumor cells directly through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and the efficacy of this is determined by the interaction of the Fc portion of the target cell–bound antibody and Fc receptors present on immune effector cells.
Experimental Design: We report the development of GA201, a novel anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody with enhanced ADCC properties. GA201 was derived by humanization of the rat ICR62 antibody. The Fc region of GA201 was glycoengineered to contain bisected, afucosylated carbohydrates for enhanced binding to FcγRIIIA.
Results: In vitro binding of GA201 to EGFR inhibited EGF ligand binding, EGFR/HER2 heterodimerization, downstream signaling, and cell proliferation to a similar extent as cetuximab. However, GA201 exhibited superior binding to both the low- and high-affinity variants of FcγRIIIA. This resulted in significantly enhanced induction of ADCC compared with cetuximab against both KRAS-wild-type and -mutant tumor cells lines. This enhanced ADCC translated into superior in vivo efficacy in a series of mouse xenograft models. Efficacy of GA201 was further increased when administered in combination with chemotherapy (irinotecan).
Conclusions: These data suggest that GA201 may be more effective than cetuximab in patients with EGFR-positive solid tumors and may also represent a first-in-class treatment of patients with KRAS-mutated tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1126–38. ©2012 AACR.
Milatuzumab-Conjugated Liposomes as Targeted Dexamethasone Carriers for Therapeutic Delivery in CD74+ B-cell Malignancies
Authors: Mao Yicheng , Triantafillou Georgia , Hertlein Erin , Towns William , Stefanovski Matthew , Mo Xiaokui , Jarjoura David , Phelps Mitch , Marcucci Guido , Lee Ly James , Goldenberg David M. , Lee Robert J. , Byrd John C. , Muthusamy Natarajan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Corticosteroids are widely used for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including non–Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, this class of drug is associated with undesirable off-target effects. Herein, we developed novel milatuzumab-conjugated liposomes as a targeted dexamethasone carrier for therapeutic delivery in CD74+ B-cell malignancies and explored its effect against the disease.
Experimental Design: The targeting efficiency of milatuzumab-targeted liposomes to CD74+ cells was evaluated in vitro. The effect of CD74-targeted liposomal dexamethasone was compared with free dexamethasone in primary CLL cells and cell lines in vitro. The therapeutic efficacy of CD74-targeted liposomal dexamethasone was evaluated in a Raji-severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) xenograft model in vivo.
Results: Milatuzumab-targeted liposomes promoted selective incorporation of carrier molecules into transformed CD74-positive B cells as compared with CD74-negative T-cells. The CD74-dexamethasone–targeted liposomes (CD74-IL-DEX) promoted and increased killing in CD74-positive tumor cells and primary CLL cells. Furthermore, the targeted drug liposomes showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy against a CD74-positive B-cell model as compared with free, or non-targeted, liposomal dexamethasone in SCID mice engrafted with Raji cells in vivo.
Conclusions: These studies provide evidence and support for a potential use of CD74-targeted liposomal dexamethasone as a new therapy for B-cell malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(2); 347–56. ©2012 AACR.
ARID1A Mutations in Cancer: Another Epigenetic Tumor Suppressor?
Authors: Wu Jennifer N. , Roberts Charles W.M. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Although disordered chromatin organization has long been recognized as a feature of cancer, the molecular underpinnings of chromatin structure, epigenetic regulation, and their relationships to transcription are only beginning to be understood. Cancer genome sequencing studies have revealed a novel theme: frequent mutation of epigenetic regulators. Among these, the ARID1A/BAF250A subunit of the SWI/SNF (BRG1-associated factors) chromatin remodeling complex has emerged as recurrently mutated in a broad array of tumor types. We review the genomic and functional data supporting classification of ARID1A as a tumor suppressor.
Significance: Mutations in chromatin remodeling complex genes are increasingly recognized in many cancer types. However, the mechanisms by which chromatin remodeling complexes contribute to gene expression and the cancer phenotype are poorly understood. Understanding how mutation of chromatin remodelers facilitates transformation may offer the potential for development and implementation of novel therapies for cancer. Cancer Discov; 3(1); 35–43. ©2012 AACR.
Relationship Between Healthy Diet and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Patients on Drug Therapies for Secondary Prevention
Authors: Dehghan Mahshid , Mente Andrew , Teo Koon K. , Gao Peggy , Sleight Peter , Dagenais Gilles , Avezum Alvaro , Probstfield Jeffrey L. , Dans Tony , Yusuf Salim 
Published: December 2012

Background—
Diet quality is strongly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, but little is known about its impact on CVD events in older people at high risk of CVD and receiving effective drugs for secondary prevention. This study assessed the association between diet quality and CVD events in a large population of subjects from 40 countries with CVD or diabetes mellitus with end-organ damage receiving proven medications.

Methods and Results—
Overall, 31 546 women and men 66.5±6.2 years of age enrolled in 2 randomized trials, the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination With Ramipril Global End Point Trial (ONTARGET) and the Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACEI Intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND), were studied. We used 2 dietary indexes: the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index and the Diet Risk Score. The association between diet quality and the primary composite outcome of CV death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or congestive heart failure was assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for age, sex, trial enrollment allocation, region, and other known confounders. During the 56-month follow-up, there were 5190 events. Patients in the healthier quintiles of modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index scores had a significantly lower risk of CVD (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.87, top versus lowest quintile of modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index). The reductions in risk for CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke were 35%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. The protective association was consistent regardless of whether patients were receiving proven drugs.

Conclusions—
A higher-quality diet was associated with a lower risk of recurrent CVD events among people ≥55 years of age with CVD or diabetes mellitus. Highlighting the importance of healthy eating by health professionals would substantially reduce CVD recurrence and save lives globally.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00153101.
Eastern North Pacific Hurricane Season of 2011
Authors: Blake Eric S. , Kimberlain Todd B. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Overall activity during the 2011 eastern North Pacific hurricane season was near average. Of the 11 tropical storms that formed, 10 became hurricanes and 6 reached major hurricane strength (category 3 or stronger on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale). For comparison, the 1981–2010 averages are about 15 tropical storms, 8 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes. Interestingly, although the number of named storms was below average, the numbers of hurricanes and major hurricanes were above average. The 2011 season had the most hurricanes since 2006 and the most major hurricanes since 1998. Two hurricanes affected the southwestern coast of Mexico (Beatriz as a category 1 hurricane and Jova as a category 2 hurricane), and the season’s tropical cyclones caused about 49 deaths. On average, the National Hurricane Center track forecasts in the eastern North Pacific for 2011 were very skillful.
The Service Dominant Logic: A Conceptual Foundation to Address the Underserved
Authors: Pels Jaqueline 
Published: December 2012

Mainstream business ‘solutions’ to the needs of emerging economies (EE) follow a ‘less-for-less’ rationale (for example, B-brands). Recently, new ventures have been created that disrupt traditional marketing literature tenets. These companies provide world class products and services at accessible prices (that is, ‘more-for-less’). It is the intent of this article to try to identify a pattern between these new business ideas and offer an alternative rationale to mainstream literature that is conceptually grounded and can help guide new businesses in EE.  A new approach within the marketing literature, the Service Dominant logic, has been introduced, which suggests a radical change with regards to mainstream business practices. This article examines whether three successful Argentine case studies are aligned with the Fundamental Premises of the emerging Service Dominant logic. The cases were selected because they are archetypical of EE. They show a high alignment with the Service Dominant logic Fundamental Premises, thus suggesting that it might provide a general rationale with which to address strategies in EEs.
Construction of the first genetic linkage map of Japanese gentian (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Nakatsuka Takashi , Yamada Eri , Saito Misa , Hikage Takashi , Ushiku Yuka , Nishihara Masahiro 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Japanese gentians (Gentiana triflora and Gentiana scabra) are amongst the most popular floricultural plants in Japan. However, genomic resources for Japanese gentians have not yet been developed, mainly because of the heterozygous genome structure conserved by outcrossing, the long juvenile period, and limited knowledge about the inheritance of important traits. In this study, we developed a genetic linkage map to improve breeding programs of Japanese gentians.

Results
Enriched simple sequence repeat (SSR) libraries from a G. triflora double haploid line yielded almost 20,000 clones using 454 pyrosequencing technology, 6.7% of which could be used to design SSR markers. To increase the number of molecular markers, we identified three putative long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences using the recently developed inter-primer binding site (iPBS) method. We also developed retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism (REMAP) markers combining retrotransposon and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. In addition to SSR and REMAP markers, modified amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were developed. Using 93 BC1 progeny from G. scabra backcrossed with a G. triflora double haploid line, 19 linkage groups were constructed with a total of 263 markers (97 SSR, 97 AFLP, 39 RAPD, and 30 REMAP markers). One phenotypic trait (stem color) and 10 functional markers related to genes controlling flower color, flowering time and cold tolerance were assigned to the linkage map, confirming its utility.

Conclusions
This is the first reported genetic linkage map for Japanese gentians and for any species belonging to the family Gentianaceae. As demonstrated by mapping of functional markers and the stem color trait, our results will help to explain the genetic basis of agronomic important traits, and will be useful for marker-assisted selection in gentian breeding programs. Our map will also be an important resource for further genetic analyses such as mapping of quantitative trait loci and map-based cloning of genes in this species.