bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnesiothermic synthesis of sulfur-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Ma Ruguang , Zhou Zhenzhen , Liu Guanghui , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEfficient metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are highly expected in future low-cost energy systems. We have successfully prepared crumpled, sheet-like, sulfur-doped graphene by magnesiothermic reduction of easily available, low-cost, nontoxic CO2 (in the form of Na2CO3) and Na2SO4 as the carbon and sulfur sources, respectively. At high temperature, Mg can reduce not only carbon in the oxidation state of +4 in CO32− to form graphene, but also sulfur in SO42− from its highest (+6) to lowest valence which was hybridized into the carbon sp2 framework. Various characterization results show that sulfur-doped graphene with only few layers has an appropriate sulfur content, hierarchically robust porous structure, large surface area/pore volume and highly graphitized textures. The S-doped graphene samples exhibit not only a high activity for ORR with a four-electron pathway, but also superior durability and tolerance to MeOH crossover to 40% Pt/C. This is mainly ascribed to the combination of sulfur-related active sites and hierarchical porous textures, facilitating fast diffusion of oxygen molecules and electrolyte to catalytic sites and release of products from the sites.
High Output Piezo/Triboelectric Hybrid Generator
Authors: Jung Woo-Suk , Kang Min-Gyu , Moon Hi Gyu , Baek Seung-Hyub , Yoon Seok-Jin , Wang Zhong-Lin , Kim Sang-Woo , Kang Chong-Yun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecently, piezoelectric and triboelectric energy harvesting devices have been developed to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Especially, it is well known that triboelectric nanogenerators have a simple structure and a high output voltage. However, whereas nanostructures improve the output of triboelectric generators, its fabrication process is still complicated and unfavorable in term of the large scale and long-time durability of the device. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid generator which does not use nanostructure but generates much higher output power by a small mechanical force and integrates piezoelectric generator into triboelectric generator, derived from the simultaneous use of piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanisms in one press-and-release cycle. This hybrid generator combines high piezoelectric output current and triboelectric output voltage, which produces peak output voltage of ~370 V, current density of ~12 μA·cm−2 and average power density of ~4.44 mW·cm−2. The output power successfully lit up 600 LED bulbs by the application of a 0.2 N mechanical force and it charged a 10 μF capacitor to 10 V in 25 s. Beyond energy harvesting, this work will provide new opportunities for developing a small, built-in power source in self-powered electronics such as mobile electronics.
Elevated levels of perfluoroalkyl acids in family members of occupationally exposed workers: the importance of dust transfer
Authors: Fu Jianjie , Gao Yan , Wang Thanh , Liang Yong , Zhang Aiqian , Wang Yawei , Jiang Guibin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe exposure pathways of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) to humans are still not clear because of the complex living environment and few studies have simultaneously investigated the bioaccumulative behaviour of different PFAAs in humans. In this study, serum, dust, duplicate diet and other matrices were collected around a manufacturing plant in China and homologous series of PFAAs were analysed. PFAA levels in dust and serum of local residents in this area were considerably higher than those in non-polluted area. Although dietary intake was the major exposure pathway in the present study, dust ingestion played an important role in this case. Serum PFAAs in local residents was significantly correlated with dust PFAAs levels in their living or working microenvironment. Serum PFAAs and dust PFAAs were significantly higher in family members of occupational workers (FM) than in ordinary residents (OR) (p < 0.01). After a careful analysis of the PFAAs exposure pathway, a potential pathway in addition to direct dust ingestion was suggested: PFAAs might transferred from occupational worker's clothes to dinners via cooking processes. The bioaccumulative potential of PFHxS and PFOS were higher than other PFAAs, which suggested a substantial difference between the bioaccumulative ability of perfluorinated sulfonic acids and perfluorinated carboxylic acids.
Generation mechanism of hydroxyl radical species and its lifetime prediction during the plasma-initiated ultraviolet (UV) photolysis
Authors: Attri Pankaj , Kim Yong Hee , Park Dae Hoon , Park Ji Hoon , Hong Young J. , Uhm Han Sup , Kim Kyoung-Nam , Fridman Alexander , Choi Eun Ha 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThrough this work, we have elucidated the mechanism of hydroxyl radicals (OH•) generation and its life time measurements in biosolution. We observed that plasma-initiated ultraviolet (UV) photolysis were responsible for the continues generation of OH• species, that resulted in OH• to be major reactive species (RS) in the solution. The density and lifetime of OH• species acted inversely proportional to each other with increasing depth inside the solution. The cause of increased lifetime of OH• inside the solution is predicted using theoretical and semiempirical calculations. Further, to predict the mechanism of conversion of hydroxide ion (OH−) to OH• or H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and electron, we determined the current inside the solution of different pH. Additionally, we have investigated the critical criterion for OH• interaction on cancer cell inducing apoptosis under effective OH• exposure time. These studies are innovative in the field of plasma chemistry and medicine.
Perinatal outcomes of maternal overweight and obesity in term infants: a population-based cohort study in Canada
Authors: Vinturache Angela Elena , McDonald Sheila , Slater Donna , Tough Suzanne 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the impact of increased pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) on perinatal outcomes in term, singleton pregnancies who received prenatal care in community-based practices. The sample of 1996 infants included in the study was drawn from the All Our Babies Study, a prospective pregnancy cohort from Calgary. Multivariable logistic regression explored the relationship between the main outcomes, infant birth weight, Apgar score, admission to neonatal intensive care (NICU) and newborn duration of hospitalization and BMI prior to pregnancy. Approximately 10% of the infants were macrosoms, 1.5% had a low Apgar score (<7 at 5 min), 6% were admitted to intensive care and 96% were discharged within 48 h after delivery. Although the infants of overweight and obese women were more likely to have increased birth weight as compared to infants of normal weight women, there were no differences in Apgar score, admission to NICU, or length of postnatal hospital stay among groups. This study suggests that in otherwise healthy term, singleton pregnancies, obesity does not seem to increase the risk of severe fetal impairment, neonatal admission to intensive care or duration of postnatal hospitalization.
RECQ1 interacts with FEN-1 and promotes binding of FEN-1 to telomeric chromatin
Authors: Sami Furqan , Lu Xing , Parvathaneni Swetha , Roy Rabindra , Gary Ronald K. , Sharma Sudha 
Published: March 2015

RecQ helicases are a family of highly conserved proteins that maintain genomic stability through their important roles in replication restart mechanisms. Cellular phenotypes of RECQ1 deficiency are indicative of aberrant repair of stalled replication forks, but the molecular functions of RECQ1, the most abundant of the five known human RecQ homologues, have remained poorly understood. We show that RECQ1 associates with FEN-1 (flap endonuclease-1) in nuclear extracts and exhibits direct protein interaction in vitro. Recombinant RECQ1 significantly stimulated FEN-1 endonucleolytic cleavage of 5′-flap DNA substrates containing non-telomeric or telomeric repeat sequence. RECQ1 and FEN-1 were constitutively present at telomeres and their binding to the telomeric chromatin was enhanced following DNA damage. Telomere residence of FEN-1 was dependent on RECQ1 since depletion of RECQ1 reduced FEN-1 binding to telomeres in unperturbed cycling cells. Our results confirm a conserved collaboration of human RecQ helicases with FEN-1 and suggest both overlapping and specialized roles of RECQ1 in the processing of DNA structure intermediates proposed to arise during replication, repair and recombination.
Processing of protein ADP-ribosylation by Nudix hydrolases
Authors: Palazzo Luca , Thomas Benjamin , Jemth Ann-Sofie , Colby Thomas , Leidecker Orsolya , Feijs Karla L.H. , Zaja Roko , Loseva Olga , Puigvert Jordi Carreras , Matic Ivan , Helleday Thomas , Ahel Ivan 
Published: March 2015

ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins found in organisms from all kingdoms of life which regulates many important biological functions including DNA repair, chromatin structure, unfolded protein response and apoptosis. Several cellular enzymes, such as macrodomain containing proteins PARG [poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase] and TARG1 [terminal ADP-ribose (ADPr) protein glycohydrolase], reverse protein ADP-ribosylation. In the present study, we show that human Nudix (nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X)-type motif 16 (hNUDT16) represents a new enzyme class that can process protein ADP-ribosylation in vitro, converting it into ribose-5′-phosphate (R5P) tags covalently attached to the modified proteins. Furthermore, our data show that hNUDT16 enzymatic activity can be used to trim ADP-ribosylation on proteins in order to facilitate analysis of ADP-ribosylation sites on proteins by MS.
Changes in Sex Steroids, Growth Hormone, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I during Ovarian Development in Rainbow Trout Cultured in a Water Recirculating System with Continuous Light
Authors: Weber Gregory M , Davidson John W , Kenney P Brett , Good Christopher M , Manor Meghan L , Welsh Carla , Aussanasuwannakul Aunchalee , Summerfelt Steven T 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Female Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were cultured within a freshwater recirculating aquaculture system under 24-h constant lighting in 13°C water and fed every 6 h to near satiation. An opaque roof allowed surface light intensity to vary between &lt;200 and about 1,500 lx. During months 14–26 posthatch we examined changes in plasma concentrations of testosterone (T), estradiol-17β (E2), the maturation inducing steroid (MIS) 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20βP), growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Oocyte diameter was variable at the start of the study, most averaging &lt;1 mm; diameter increased to above 3.2 mm in the final 2 months, with migrating germinal vesicles indicating they were postvitellogenic. Some ovaries exhibited atresia, and no fish ovulated, suggesting some reproductive dysfunction. Testosterone and E2 began increasing between months 16 and 18, and although T continued to increase throughout the study, E2 changed little after month 20. The MIS 17,20βP, remained near or below detection. Plasma GH remained relatively unchanged although values trended slightly higher during the final 4 months, GH being significantly greater at months 22, 24 and 26 than at month 16. Plasma IGF-I was higher at the first time point, month 14 posthatch than at months 20, 24, 25, and 26. In summary, gradual changes in growth and fillet quality attributes during gonadal development were accompanied by gradual changes in hormone levels, but no clear changes in hormones were associated with rapid changes in product quality traits observed around months 24–26.
QSLiMFinder: improved short linear motif prediction using specific query protein data
Authors: Palopoli Nicolas , Lythgow Kieren T. , Edwards Richard J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Motivation: The sensitivity of de novo short linear motif (SLiM) prediction is limited by the number of patterns (the motif space) being assessed for enrichment. QSLiMFinder uses specific query protein information to restrict the motif space and thereby increase the sensitivity and specificity of predictions.
Results: QSLiMFinder was extensively benchmarked using known SLiM-containing proteins and simulated protein interaction datasets of real human proteins. Exploiting prior knowledge of a query protein likely to be involved in a SLiM-mediated interaction increased the proportion of true positives correctly returned and reduced the proportion of datasets returning a false positive prediction. The biggest improvement was seen if a short region of the query protein flanking the interaction site was known.
Availability and implementation: All the tools and data used in this study, including QSLiMFinder and the SLiMBench benchmarking software, are freely available under a GNU license as part of SLiMSuite, at: http://bioware.soton.ac.uk.
Contact: richard.edwards@unsw.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The initial mass function of early-type galaxies: no correlation with [Mg/Fe]
Authors: La Barbera Francesco , Ferreras Ignacio , Vazdekis Alexandre 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe initial mass function (IMF) of early-type galaxies (ETGs) has been found to feature systematic variations by both dynamical and spectroscopic studies. In particular, spectral line strengths, based on gravity-sensitive features, suggest an excess of low-mass stars in massive ETGs, i.e. a bottom-heavy IMF. The physical drivers of IMF variations are currently unknown. The abundance ratio of α elements, such as [Mg/Fe], has been suggested as a possible driver of the IMF changes, although dynamical constraints do not support this claim. In this letter, we take advantage of the large Sloan Digital Sky Survey data base. Our sample comprises 24 781 high-quality spectra, covering a large range in velocity dispersion (100 &lt; σ0 &lt; 320  km s−1) and abundance ratio ( − 0.1 &lt; [Mg/Fe] &lt; +0.4). The large volume of data allows us to stack the spectra at fixed values of σ0 and [Mg/Fe]. Our analysis – based on gravity-sensitive line strengths – gives a strong correlation with central velocity dispersion and a negligible variation with [Mg/Fe] at fixed σ0. This result is robust against individual elemental abundance variations, and seems not to raise any apparent inconsistency with the alternative method based on galaxy dynamics.
On the origin of γ-ray emission in η Carina
Authors: Ohm S. , Zabalza V. , Hinton J. A. , Parkin E. R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
η Car is the only colliding-wind binary for which high-energy γ rays are detected. Although the physical conditions in the shock region change on time-scales of hours to days, the variability seen at GeV energies is weak and on significantly longer time-scales. The γ-ray spectrum exhibits two features that can be interpreted as emission from the shocks on either side of the contact discontinuity. Here, we report on the first time-dependent modelling of the non-thermal emission in η Car. We find that emission from primary electrons is likely not responsible for the γ-ray emission, but accelerated protons interacting with the dense wind material can explain the observations. In our model, efficient acceleration is required at both shocks, with the primary side acting as a hadron calorimeter, whilst on the companion side acceleration is limited by the flow time out of the system, resulting in changing acceleration conditions. The system therefore represents a unique laboratory for the exploration of hadronic particle acceleration in non-relativistic shocks.
Patient satisfaction in out-of-hospital emergency care: a multicentre survey
Authors: Neumayr Agnes , Gnirke André , Schaeuble Joerg C. , Ganter Michael T. , Sparr Harald , Zoll Adolf , Schinnerl Adolf , Nuebling Matthias , Heidegger Thomas , Baubin Michael 
Published: March 2015

Background
There is only limited information on patient satisfaction with emergency medical services (EMS). The aim of this multicentre survey was to evaluate patient satisfaction in five out-of-hospital physician-based EMS in Austria and Switzerland.

Methods
The psychometrically tested and standardized questionnaire ‘patient satisfaction in out-of-hospital emergency care’ was used for this survey. The recruitment of the patients was carried out on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. All questionnaires were sent together with an invitation letter and a prepaid return envelope, followed by a reminder 2 weeks later. The descriptive statistical analysis was carried out by an external organization to maintain anonymity.

Results
The response rate of all EMS was 46.7%. High satisfaction rates were achieved for the four quality scales ‘emergency call, emergency treatment, transport and hospital admission’. A significant difference was found between the Swiss and the Austrian dispatch centres in the judgement of the call takers’ social skills. Patient satisfaction with the emergency treatment, for example, reduction of pain, was high in all EMS, independent of whether the EMS is physician (Austria) or physician and emergency medical assistant based (Switzerland). Lowest satisfaction rates were found for items of social skills.

Conclusion
Patient satisfaction in out-of-hospital physician-based EMS is generally high. There is room for improvement in areas such as the social skills of dispatchers and EMS-team members and the comfort of the patients during transport. A checklist should be developed for basic articles that patients should take along to hospital and for questions on responsibilities for children, dependent people or pets.
Innovation in China’s information and communications technology industry
Authors: Li Mingzhi , Reimers Kai 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to identify the sources of innovation in the current business environment of China. With the set target of transforming China into an innovative society by 2020, the Chinese government has taken dramatic measures to foster the nation’s innovation capability. Whether this Chinese model of promoting innovation has been successful and can be sustainable are controversial issues which need to be analyzed from an academic perspective. In recent years, there have been successful cases of innovation driven by grassroots entrepreneurs, especially in the information and communications technology (ICT) industry. Therefore, it is time to analyze their success factors from the perspectives of both corporate strategy and government policy.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology used in this research is a comparative case analysis, and several high-profile cases in China’s ICT industry have been selected for this comparative study. Information used in the analysis comes from publicly available sources such as business school case studies and industry and news media reports. The authors have been following the evolution of China’s ICT industry for more than a decade; insights from their prior research and knowledge gained through industry contacts are also used in the analysis.

Findings
– Generally speaking, the types of innovation in China’s ICT industry can be categorized into a top-down or a bottom-up approach. For the top-down approach of innovation driven by the government, the authors analyzed the case of the Chinese government’s effort to build an industry value chain through fostering the Chinese indigenous third-generation mobile communications standard time division–synchronous code division multiple access. In comparison, the authors use several success cases, including the ecosystem built around the highly successful XiaoMi mobile phone and Tencent’s mobile portal WeChat, as it showcases of the bottom-up approach of innovation driven by grassroots entrepreneurship. The comparison of these two approaches suggests that massive government-sponsored projects are unlikely to generate genuine innovation in the highly competitive and dynamic ICT sector. The government’s role should be to foster entrepreneurship and to create a fair business environment.

Originality/value
– This research uses the method of comparative case studies to identify the source of innovation in a highly dynamic and uncertain business environment. Findings of this study shed light on the government policy toward innovation in the ICT industry and on the business firms’ strategy on innovation.
Impacts of informal networks on innovation performance: evidence in Shanghai
Authors: Ng Daniel C W , Law Kris 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to present an empirical study on how informal networks affect innovation performance of firms in Shanghai. This study is a preliminary attempt to understand the effect of informal networks on innovation performance. Shanghai is selected as the region for data acquisition due to a prominent economic role in China. It is specifically to answer the research question regarding the impact of Chinese informal social network on innovation performance (in Shanghai).Design/methodology/approach– This paper attempts to explore the quantitative effect of informal networks on innovation performance in regard to group behavioural characteristics among executives in China.Findings– A total of 1,000 executives were invited, and there were 315 valid samples returned. Significant correlations are noted in key network variables against innovation performance. The results and findings generally support the hypotheses that “Education”, “Business Referral” and “Experience” are three core constructs exerting substantial influence in innovation performance. However, it is interesting to note that the connectivity and size of informal networks do not matter. Informal networks show no significant influence on innovation performance.Practical implications– This indicates stereotypes in Shanghai social business networks prioritizing on highly educated acquaintances, referral activities and working experiences.Originality/value– This study explores uncovered territory in organization innovation regarding the infiltration of informal networks, particularly in Chinese communities. Though the research context is Shanghai, the effect of informal networks on innovation performance can be extrapolated to other Chinese societies, such as Taiwan and Hong Kong.