bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Prevalence and Predictors of Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Soliman Amin Roshdy , Kordy Noran Atef El , Faris Farouk Mostafa , Ahmed Rabab Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aims to determine the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) across all chronic kidney disease stages in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to identify predictors of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia within these patients.
Methods
clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patient medical records. Participants were interviewed using validated modified Clarke’s questionnaire and Gold score to assess impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.
Results
Cross sectional study included 480 participants with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. Distribution across chronic kidney disease stages was as follows: 70 patients in stages 1–2, 126 in stage 3, 136 in stage 4, 33 in stage 5 on conservative treatment, and 115 in stage 5 on hemodialysis. The overall prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) was 34.6% (166 patients) according to the Clarke questionnaire and 34.4% by the Gold Score (165 patients). This prevalence varied significantly across different CKD stages, being notably higher in stage 3 and lower in stage 5, regardless of treatment modality (P value = 0.001). The mean impaired awareness of hypoglycemia scores were 3.98 ± 1.34 (Clarke) and 3.92 ± 1.52 (Gold), with advanced CKD stages showing statistically significant elevated scores (p value ≤ 0.05). In the 166 patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia, a statistically significant lower prevalence of severe hypoglycemia was observed in the early CKD stages (p value = 0.01). Most of patients with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia aged > 60 years, had more prevalent hypertension and had lower HbA1c levels (P value ≤ 0.05). However, Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that age > 60 years was a significant independent risk factor with an 8% higher risk for IAH (P = 0.01), (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01–1.16).
Conclusion
Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 and type 2 DM are more prone to IAH but those with already IAH with advanced CKD stages experience more severe hypoglycemic episodes. Age over 60 years was an independent risk factor for hypoglycemia unawareness in this patient group. Larger wide scale studies are needed to further validate these results.
Associations of sleep disturbance with depression, anxiety, and irritability in youth
Authors: Simmons Kate , Karlovich Ashley , Evans Spencer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In children and adolescents, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and irritability frequently co-occur, and many of these affective problems are associated with sleep disturbance. However, the extent to which sleep disturbance is specifically linked to any one of these affective problems over and above the others remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the unique associations of sleep disturbance with depression, anxiety, and irritability. A community sample of 526 parents/caregivers of youths ages 6–14 (Mage = 9.51; 53.6% female) completed measures assessing their child’s symptoms of sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and irritability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine sleep disturbance as predicted by depression, anxiety, and irritability, with age and gender as covariates and moderators. Zero-order correlations showed that sleep disturbance was significantly and positively associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety, and irritability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that sleep disturbance was uniquely associated with depression and anxiety, but not irritability, when all three emotional variables were included in the same model. Further, exploratory moderation analyses suggested that the association between sleep disturbance and irritability may be moderated by child age and gender. Findings shed light on the role of sleep disturbance as a transdiagnostic feature in youth psychopathology, with particularly strong and unique links to depression and anxiety (less so for irritability). Additional research is needed examine these relationships across diverse samples, in clinical settings, and using multi-method, multi-informant, and longitudinal approaches.
Association between baseline body mass index and 30-day in-hospital mortality among intensive care unit patients with sepsis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhou PAN , Wang Fang-xi , Liu Xiao-jia , Zhou Li , Deng Zhe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The correlation between baseline body mass index (BMI) and 30-day in-hospital mortality among patients with sepsis remains inadequately explored in existing literature. Thus, this study endeavors to elucidate the association between baseline BMI and 30-day in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods
The author conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from 17,510 ICU patients with sepsis from the US eICU-CRD v2.0 database spanning 2014 to 2015. The study employed binary logistic regression, subgroup analyses, and smooth curve fitting to examine the relationship between BMI and 30-day in-hospital mortality.
Results
The prevalence of 30-day in-hospital mortality was 16.7% (2929 out of 17,510). The median BMI for sepsis patients was 28.9 kg/m². After adjusting for covariates, our analysis revealed an inverse association between BMI and 30-day in-hospital mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.99, 0.99). Subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings. Furthermore, we observed a nonlinear relationship between BMI and 30-day in-hospital mortality, with an inflection point at 21.5 kg/m². On the left side of the inflection point, the effect size (OR) was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.94), while on the right side, the relationship was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
The study establishes an independent negative association between baseline BMI and 30-day in-hospital mortality among sepsis patients in the ICU. Furthermore, a non-linear relationship with a saturation effect was observed, suggesting that the 30-day in-hospital mortality rate of sepsis patients is lowest around a BMI of 21.5 kg/m².
Autoimmune hypothyroidism GWAS reveals independent autoimmune and thyroid-specific contributions and an inverse relation with cancer risk
Authors: Reeve Mary , Kanai Masahiro , Graham Daniel , Karjalainen Juha , Luo Shuang , Kolosov Nikita , Adams Cameron , Ritari Jarmo , Karczewski Konrad , Kiiskinen Tuomo , Fuller Zachary , Mehtonen Juha , Kurki Mitja , Khan Zia , Partanen Jukka , McCarthy Mark , Artomov Mykyta , Tuomi Tiinamaija , Pirinen Matti , Kero Jukka , Xavier Ramnik , Daly Mark , Ripatti Samuli , FinnGen  
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The high prevalence of autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIHT) - more than 5% in human populations - provides a unique opportunity to unlock the most complete picture to date of genetic loci that underlie systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity. Using a meta-analysis of 81,718 AIHT cases in FinnGen and the UK Biobank, we dissect associations along axes of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity. This largest-to-date scan of hypothyroidism identifies 418 independent associations (p < 5x10− 8), more than half of which have not previously been documented in thyroid disease. In 48 of these, a protein-coding variant is the lead SNP or is highly correlated (r2 > 0.95) with the lead SNP at the locus, including low-frequency coding variants at LAG3, ZAP70, TG, TNFSF11, IRF3, S1PR4, HABP2, ZNF429 as well as established variants at ADCY7, IFIH1 and TYK2. The variants at LAG3 (P67T), ZAP70 (T155M), and TG (Q655X) are highly enriched in Finland and functional experiments in T-cells demonstrate that the ZAP70:T155M allele reduces T-cell activation. By employing a large-scale scan of non-thyroid autoimmunity and a published meta-analysis of TSH levels, we use a Bayesian classifier to dissect the associated loci into distinct groupings and from this estimate, a significant proportion are involved in systemic (i.e., general to multiple autoimmune conditions) autoimmunity (34%) and another subset in thyroid-specific dysfunction (17%). By comparing these association results further to other common disease endpoints, we identify a noteworthy overlap with skin cancer, with 10% of AIHT loci showing a consistent but opposite pattern of association where alleles that increase the risk of hypothyroidism have protective effects for skin cancer. The association results, including genes encoding checkpoint inhibitors and other genes affecting protein levels of PD1, bolster the causal role of natural variation in autoimmunity influencing cancer outcomes.
Effect of Cannabis Sativa Leaf on Oxidative Stress and the Recovery Period in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Amuda Oluwasola , Usman L.N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of CS on oxidative stress and the recovery period in male rats. Forty rats (170 g ± 1.24) were separately assigned into four groups of ten animals each, such that the rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 received orally 1 ml of distilled water, 2mg, 4mg and 6mg of CS respectively for two weeks. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione reductase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined using standard methods. High dose (6 mg) and low doses (2mg and 4 mg) of CS significantly decrease catalase, SOD, GPx, GSH, TAC and significantly increase MDA and LDH levels when compared with the control. However, all the groups treated with low doses showed no significant difference in all the parameters when compared with the control after treatment. In conclusion, it could be deduced that these alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers were dependent on the doses of CS consumed. However, groups treated with low doses were able to recover from the damages caused by CS after treatment. This study recommends that people should abstain from the consumption of CS due to its detrimental effect in the body.
Multi-class anomaly classification for CNC milling machines
Authors: Li Eugene , Bedi Sanjeev , Melek William 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Anomaly detection in CNC milling machine operation is a necessary component to develop a smart, autonomous CNC milling machine. These anomalies range from phenomena such as chatter, to tool breakage, to work piece misalignment. There have been many methods for detecting different anomalies, but many of these methods are focused on classifying one anomaly at a time. In this work, we propose an LSTM-Autoencoder based system to apply dimensionality reduction on accelerometer signals, and then apply Linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC) for multi-class classification and prediction.We extend this work to Autoencoders trained by transfer learning to reduce the data burden and validate both methods experimentally.
Conservative assessment of external radiation dose for staff in the event of radionuclide flaw detection
Authors: Bazhin S. Yu. , Shleenkova E. N. , Bogatyreva V. Yu. 
Published: July 2024

The article proposes a new approach to assessing the effective doses of flaw detectorists performing flaw detection using portable radionuclide flaw detectors (gamma flaw detectors). The existing approach to assessing effective doses, based on the use of one individual dosimeter placed on work clothes in the chest area, is inadequate for the actual working conditions of exposure of flaw detectorists. Gamma flaw detectors contain a closed man-made source of ionizing radiation in their head, therefore, even in the non-working position, such flaw detectors pose a radiation hazard. When transporting and preparing gamma flaw detectors for work, the flaw detector operator is in close proximity to the radiation source. The irradiation geometry changing during the technological cycle when working with portable gamma flaw detectors at certain stages creates a sharply uneven irradiation of the flaw detectorist’s body. Therefore, after assessing the stages of the technological cycle, an option was proposed for a more conservative assessment of effective doses – to change the location of the individual dosimeter on the working clothes of the flaw detectorist, moving the individual dosimeter to the abdominal area. An anonymous study was carried out with the participation of 15 flaw detectorists; three individual dosimeters were displayed on their working clothes: two of them were experimental and were placed in the chest and abdomen; the third (a control dosimeter) was exposed for the quarter on the chest as part of constant individual dosimetric monitoring. In controlled anonymous measurements, the average effective dose, estimated from the readings of dosimeters exposed in the chest area, was equal to 0,95 mSv (median – 0,92 mSv, maximum value – 1,27 mSv). These values were compared with values obtained using dosimeters that were exposed to the abdomen, and the differences were significant (the average effective dose was 1,24 mSv (median – 1,22 mSv, maximum value – 1,78 mSv).
Analysis of data on levels of public exposure to natural sources of radiation in the Ivanovo region
Authors: Kormanovskaya T. A. , Daricheva O. A. , Kolesnik P. A. , Kononenko D. V. 
Published: July 2024

The paper presents the results of analysis of the Ivanovo Regional databank of radiation doses to the pub-lic from exposure to natural and technologically enhanced radiation background for 2008–2022. Despite the fact that the average individual annual effective dose of public exposure due to natural sources of radiation in the Ivanovo region calculated for the whole 15-year period (4.63 mSv/year) does not qualify as increased (i.e. does not exceed the level of 5 mSv/year), in some years of the period under review the average dose repeatedly exceeded this level, reaching 7.50 mSv/year. The analysis of the structure of the doses of public exposure due to natural sources of radiation in the Ivanovo region showed that the contribution of the dose from internal exposure to radon, thoron and progenies according to measurement results from 2008–2022 ranged from 65.98 to 81.47%. The paper provides examples of buildings of different types in settlements of the Ivanovo region, in which the indoor radon isotopes equilibrium equivalent concentrations are more than 1.5 times higher than the established action level for existing dwellings and public buildings (200 Bq/m3). Despite the significant amount of measurement data in the Regional databank, it is necessary to obtain additional information on the indoor radon levels in existing wooden and other low-rise dwellings and public buildings in the most radon-prone areas of the region. For this purpose, a radon survey is planned for 2024-2026 in the cities of Ivanovo and Kohma, Privolzhsky, Gavrilovo-Posadsky, Teykovsky and Zavolzhsky districts of the Ivanovo region within the framework of a joint project of Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, the Directorate of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Ivanovo region, and the Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Ivanovo region.
RRI Purwokerto Rural Broadcasts in 1970-1990s
Authors: Prabasanti Mustika Ratna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract This research explores Rural Broadcasting of RRI Purwokerto in the 1970-1990s. Rural Broadcasting is a program to support the achievement of the national economic development program, particularly in the food security sector. The objective of this research is to reveal (1) the role of RRI Purwokerto as a broadcasting institution in implementing rural broadcasting programs, (2) observe the interest of the community in the Banyumas region and its surroundings towards rural broadcasting programs, and (3) explore the driving factors for success in implementing Rural Broadcasting of RRI Purwokerto, making it a pivotal program. The results of this research are as follows: (1) The implementation of Rural Broadcasting by RRI Purwokerto began on October 1, 1968, despite various limitations. Together with RRI Yogyakarta, RRI Purwokerto succeeded in pioneering the implementation of rural broadcasting in Indonesia. (2) The community's high interest is evident in its response with the formation of "kelompen" or "kelompencapir" as activity forums in various villages in the Banyumas Regency and its surroundings. (3) Creativity in broadcast products, the high work ethic of the managers, as well as collaboration with relevant institutions, are key factors for success, making rural broadcasting a pivotal program for RRI Purwokerto.Keywords: Rural Broadcasting, RRI Purwokerto, creativity, kelompen/ kelompencapir
TIC PARA LA INCLUSIÓN EDUCATIVA EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE MATEMÁTICAS PARA ESTUDIANTES CON LIMITACIONES VISUALES
Authors: Diaz Pérez Yuliana , Muñoz Vargas Isabel Cristina , Espitia Ramos Matthew , Madera Doval Dalia Patricia 
Published: July 2024

El presente estudio se desarrolla como respuesta a los desafíos que experimentan a diario estudiantes que poseen limitación visual durante su proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de las matemáticas. En este contexto, la investigación se enfocó en diseñar una estrategia didáctica inclusiva haciendo uso de las TIC. En este marco, la metodología ciencia del diseño (DSRP) estableció las etapas del proceso. En la etapa inicial, se identificó el problema de investigación con la aplicación de dos entrevistas y una observación de clases, para poder establecer en un segundo momento la base para el desarrollo de los objetivos de solución. En tercer lugar, se diseñó la estrategia didáctica con enfoque inclusivo y tecnológico, integrando herramientas como GeoGebra, Educaplay, recursos educativos digitales y la impresión en 3D. La estrategia se aplicó en un entorno educativo real, promoviendo la participación de estudiantes con limitaciones visuales, permitiendo con la integración de las TIC una representación más tangible y accesible de los números enteros y fortaleciendo la comprensión y el compromiso de los estudiantes. Los resultados destacan que las metodologías utilizadas impactan la educación inclusiva. Se enfatiza la formación en TIC y adaptación de métodos para abordar la diversidad en el aula.
USO DE RECURSOS EDUCATIVOS DIGITALES EN EL ÁREA DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA COMPETENCIA DE INTERPRETACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS DE PERSPECTIVA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE GRADO 10°
Authors: Ballesteros Arteaga Evony Johana , Madera Ruiz Juan David , Rangel Vellojín Julio José 
Published: July 2024

La presente investigación surge de la necesidad de optimizar la formación en ciencias sociales. Observaciones en aulas del Liceo Guillermo Valencia revelaron un modelo pedagógico tradicional que no fomenta el aprendizaje significativo ni la motivación, en respuesta a esta necesidad, se creó e implementó el RED (recurso educativo digital) para fortalecer la competencia de interpretación y análisis de perspectivas. Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo con un modelo de investigación-acción, donde la aplicación del RED se evaluó en un grupo de estudiantes de la institución, donde los resultados confirmaron que la innovación en la enseñanza es fundamental para el desarrollo del conocimiento en los estudiantes. El RED se consolidó como una herramienta esencial para fortalecer capacidades y competencias en el alumnado, y como un instrumento de enseñanza óptimo para los profesores en cualquier área de estudio, además, la implementación del RED evidenció el potencial de los recursos educativos digitales para mejorar la formación en ciencias sociales. Se recomienda su adopción como herramienta complementaria en la enseñanza para fortalecer la competencia de interpretación y análisis de perspectivas, y fomentar un aprendizaje más significativo y motivador, obteniendo resultados positivos respecto al recurso diseñado e implementado.
ChatGPT With GPT-4 Outperforms Emergency Department Physicians in Diagnostic Accuracy: Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Hoppe John Michael , Auer Matthias K , Strüven Anna , Massberg Steffen , Stremmel Christopher 
Published: July 2024

Background
OpenAI’s ChatGPT is a pioneering artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of natural language processing, and it holds significant potential in medicine for providing treatment advice. Additionally, recent studies have demonstrated promising results using ChatGPT for emergency medicine triage. However, its diagnostic accuracy in the emergency department (ED) has not yet been evaluated.

Objective
This study compares the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT with GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 and primary treating resident physicians in an ED setting.

Methods
Among 100 adults admitted to our ED in January 2023 with internal medicine issues, the diagnostic accuracy was assessed by comparing the diagnoses made by ED resident physicians and those made by ChatGPT with GPT-3.5 or GPT-4 against the final hospital discharge diagnosis, using a point system for grading accuracy.

Results
The study enrolled 100 patients with a median age of 72 (IQR 58.5-82.0) years who were admitted to our internal medicine ED primarily for cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, or infectious diseases. GPT-4 outperformed both GPT-3.5 (P<.001) and ED resident physicians (P=.01) in diagnostic accuracy for internal medicine emergencies. Furthermore, across various disease subgroups, GPT-4 consistently outperformed GPT-3.5 and resident physicians. It demonstrated significant superiority in cardiovascular (GPT-4 vs ED physicians: P=.03) and endocrine or gastrointestinal diseases (GPT-4 vs GPT-3.5: P=.01). However, in other categories, the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
In this study, which compared the diagnostic accuracy of GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and ED resident physicians against a discharge diagnosis gold standard, GPT-4 outperformed both the resident physicians and its predecessor, GPT-3.5. Despite the retrospective design of the study and its limited sample size, the results underscore the potential of AI as a supportive diagnostic tool in ED settings.