bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the pollen of an extinct spruce species in the Late Quaternary sediments of the Tunica Hills region, south‐eastern United States
Authors: MANDER L. , RODRIGUEZ J. , MUELLER P. G. , JACKSON S. T. , PUNYASENA S. W. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTLate Quaternary fluvial deposits in the Tunica Hills region of Louisiana and Mississippi are rich in spruce macrofossils of the extinct species Picea critchfieldii, the one recognized plant extinction of the Late Quaternary. However, the morphology of P. critchfieldii pollen is unknown, presenting a barrier to the interpretation of pollen spectra from the last glacial of North America. To address this issue, we undertook a morphometric study of Picea pollen from Tunica Hills. Morphometric data, together with qualitative observations of pollen morphology using Apotome fluorescence microscopy, indicate that Picea pollen from Tunica Hills is morphologically distinct from the pollen of P. glauca, P. mariana and P. rubens. Measurements of grain length, corpus width and corpus height indicate that Picea pollen from Tunica Hills is larger than the pollen of P. mariana and P. rubens, and is slightly larger than P. glauca pollen. We argue that the morphologically distinctive Tunica Hills Picea pollen was probably produced by the extinct spruce species P. critchfieldii. These morphological differences could be used to identify P. critchfieldii in existing and newly collected pollen records, which would refine its paleoecologic and biogeographic history and clarify the nature and timing of its extinction in the Late Quaternary.
Clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma: A multi‐institutional U.S. study
Authors: Amini Neda , Spolverato Gaya , Kim Yuhree , Squires Malcolm H. , Poultsides George A. , Fields Ryan , Schmidt Carl , Weber Sharon M. , Votanopoulos Konstantinos , Maithel Shishir K. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: October 2014

Background and ObjectivesPotential differences in presentation and outcome of patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and non‐cardia adenocarcinoma may exist. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis of GCA versus non‐cardia adenocarcinoma.MethodPatients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastric resection between 2000–2012 were identified. Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were analyzed based on tumor site using a 1:2 matched‐control, as well as a multivariable Cox model.ResultsAmong 743 patients, 80 (10.7%) patients were diagnosed with GCA. Patients with GCA were more likely to have intestinal tumor type (GCA: 80.4% versus non‐cardia: 64.2%, P = 0.04) or advanced AJCC T stage tumors (GCA 71.8% versus non‐cardia 59.2%, P = 0.03). GCA patients more likely underwent a total gastrectomy (GCA: 85.7% vs. non‐cardia: 39.8%) and had a longer length‐of‐stay (GCA: 10 days vs. non‐cardia: 8 days) (both P < 0.05). Outcomes in early stage I patients were worse among GCA (disease‐free survival, 44.2%; overall survival, 42.3%) versus non‐GCA (disease‐free survival, 60.8%; overall survival, 63.0%) patients(both P < 0.05).ConclusionIn general, disease‐free survival and overall survival were similar between patients with GCA versus non‐cardia adenocarcinoma. However, long‐term outcome was worse among patients with GCA and early stage disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:285–292. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Message Reframing in Advertising
Authors: Neudecker Niels , Esch Franz‐Rudolf , Schaefers Tobias , Valussi Sandro 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTVarious communication techniques such as humor or two‐sided argumentation are frequently used in advertising. One technique that is common but has not been conceptualized is the deliberate change of perspective of specific product or brand attributes. Based on the reframing method used in neuro‐linguistic programming (NLP) this technique is conceptualized as message reframing, defined as a communication technique that changes the conceptual and/or emotional setting or viewpoint in relation to how a brand is experienced by placing it in a different frame that fits the same brand equally well or better. The effects of message reframing in contrast to conventional advertisements as well as in contrast to humor and two‐sided argumentation are hypothesized and tested in an experimental study. The results reveal that message reframing outplays traditional advertising techniques regarding attention toward the ad, perceived novelty, attitude toward the ad, and attitude toward the brand. Moreover, message reframing does not show the deterioration of source credibility commonly observed in humorous messages, and leads to higher attention, perceived novelty, and attitude toward the ad than two‐sided messages.
Regulatory Focus Intensity and Evaluations of Retail Experiences
Authors: Arnold Mark J. , Reynolds Kristy E. , Jones Michael A. , Tugut Meltem , Gabler Colin B. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPrevious research indicates that consumers differ in their evaluation of and response to similar retail experiences. Reporting results from three studies, the current research proposes consumers’ regulatory focus intensity as one possible source of this variation. Study 1 examines how consumers’ regulatory focus intensity influences their in‐store behavioral intentions following good and bad shopping experiences. Study 2 illustrates how consumers’ regulatory focus intensity impacts their future loyalty intentions after satisfactory retail experiences. In Study 3, the researchers explore how retailers can employ regulatory framing in their communication messages to increase the future loyalty intentions of those chronically less loyal consumers. Lastly, theoretical and managerial implications as well as limitations of this research are discussed.
Mistic's membrane association and its assistance in overexpression of a human GPCR are independent processes
Authors: Marino Jacopo , Bordag Natalie , Keller Sandro , Zerbe Oliver 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe interaction of the Bacillus subtilis protein Mistic with the bacterial membrane and its role in promoting the overexpression of other membrane proteins are still matters of debate. In this study, we aimed to determine whether individual helical fragments of Mistic are sufficient for its interaction with membranes in vivo and in vitro. To this end, fragments encompassing each of Mistic's helical segments and combinations of them were produced as GFP‐fusions, and their cellular localization was studied in Escherichia coli. Furthermore, peptides corresponding to the four helical fragments were synthesized by solid‐phase peptide synthesis, and their ability to acquire secondary structure in a variety of lipids and detergents was studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Both types of experiments demonstrate that the third helical fragment of Mistic interacts only with LDAO micelles but does not partition into lipid bilayers. Interestingly, the other three helices interact with membranes in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, all of these short sequences can replace full‐length Mistic as N‐terminal fusions to achieve overexpression of a human G‐protein‐coupled receptor in E. coli, although with different effects on quantity and quality of the protein produced. A bioinformatic analysis of the Mistic family expanded the number of homologs from 4 to 20, including proteins outside the genus Bacillus. This information allowed us to discover a highly conserved Shine‐Dalgarno sequence in the operon mstX‐yugO that is important for downstream translation of the potassium ion channel yugO.
Production of recombinant proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis for structural and functional studies
Authors: Bashiri Ghader , Baker Edward N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractProtein production using recombinant DNA technology has a fundamental impact on our understanding of biology through providing proteins for structural and functional studies. Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been traditionally used as the default expression host to over‐express and purify proteins from many different organisms. E. coli does, however, have known shortcomings for obtaining soluble, properly folded proteins suitable for downstream studies. These shortcomings are even more pronounced for the mycobacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis, with typically only one third of proteins expressed in E. coli produced as soluble proteins. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) is a closely related and non‐pathogenic species that has been successfully used as an expression host for production of proteins from various mycobacterial species. In this review, we describe the early attempts to produce mycobacterial proteins in alternative expression hosts and then focus on available expression systems in M. smegmatis. The advantages of using M. smegmatis as an expression host, its application in structural biology and some practical aspects of protein production are also discussed. M. smegmatis provides an effective expression platform for enhanced understanding of mycobacterial biology and pathogenesis and for developing novel and better therapeutics and diagnostics.
Carbohydrate binding module recognition of xyloglucan defined by polar contacts with branching xyloses and CH‐Π interactions
Authors: von Schantz Laura , Håkansson Maria , Logan Derek T. , Nordberg‐Karlsson Eva , Ohlin Mats 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTEngineering of novel carbohydrate‐binding proteins that can be utilized in various biochemical and biotechnical applications would benefit from a deeper understanding of the biochemical interactions that determine protein‐carbohydrate specificity. In an effort to understand further the basis for specificity we present the crystal structure of the multi‐specific carbohydrate‐binding module (CBM) X‐2 L110F bound to a branched oligomer of xyloglucan (XXXG). X‐2 L110F is an engineered CBM that can recognize xyloglucan, xylans and β‐glucans. The structural observations of the present study compared with previously reported structures of X‐2 L110F in complex with linear oligomers, show that the π‐surface of a phenylalanine, F110, allows for interactions with hydrogen atoms on both linear (xylopentaose and cellopentaose) and branched ligands (XXXG). Furthermore, X‐2 L110F is shown to have a relatively flexible binding cleft, as illustrated in binding to XXXG. This branched ligand requires a set of reorientations of protein side chains Q72, N31, and R142, although these residues have previously been determined as important for binding to xylose oligomers by mediating polar contacts. The loss of these polar contacts is compensated for in binding to XXXG by polar interactions mediated by other protein residues, T74, R115, and Y149, which interact mainly with the branching xyloses of the xyloglucan oligomer. Taken together, the present study illustrates in structural detail how CH‐π interactions can influence binding specificity and that flexibility is a key feature for the multi‐specificity displayed by X‐2 L110F, allowing for the accommodation of branched ligands. Proteins 2014; 82:3466–3475. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated high‐capacity on‐line extraction and bioanalysis of dried blood spot samples using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry
Authors: Oliveira Regina V. , Henion Jack , Wickremsinhe Enaksha R. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEPharmacokinetic data to support clinical development of pharmaceuticals are routinely obtained from liquid plasma samples. The plasma samples require frozen shipment and storage and are extracted off‐line from the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) systems. In contrast, the use of dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is an attractive alternative in part due to its benefits in microsampling as well as simpler sample storage and transport. However, from a practical aspect, sample extraction from DBS cards can be challenging as currently performed. The goal of this report was to integrate automated serial extraction of large numbers of DBS cards with on‐line liquid chromatography/high‐resolution accurate mass spectrometry (LC/HRAMS) bioanalysis.METHODSAn automated system for direct DBS extraction coupled to a LC/HRAMS was employed for the quantification of midazolam (MDZ) and α‐hydroxymidazolam (α‐OHMDZ) in human blood. The target analytes were directly extracted from the DBS cards onto an on‐line chromatographic guard column followed by HRAMS detection. No additional sample treatment was required. The automated DBS LC/HRAMS method was developed and validated, based on the measurement at the accurate mass‐to‐charge ratio of the target analytes to ensure specificity for the assay.RESULTSThe automated DBS LC/HRAMS method analyzed a DBS sample within 2 min without the need for punching or additional off‐line sample treatment. The fully automated analytical method was shown to be sensitive and selective over the concentration range of 5 to 2000 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy was less than 15% (less than 20% at the LLOQ). The validated method was successfully applied to measure MDZ and α‐OHMDZ in an incurred human sample after a single 7.5 mg dose of MDZ.CONCLUSIONSThe direct DBS LC/HRAMS method demonstrated successful implementation of automated DBS extraction and bioanalysis for MDZ and α‐OHMDZ. This approach has the potential to promote workload reduction and sample throughput increase. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of four forms of vitamin B12 and other B vitamins in seawater by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Heal Katherine R. , Carlson Laura Truxal , Devol Allan H. , Armbrust E. Virginia , Moffett James W. , Stahl David A. , Ingalls Anitra E. 
Published: October 2014

RATIONALEVitamin B12 is an essential nutrient for more than half of surveyed marine algae species, but methods for directly measuring this important cofactor in seawater are limited. Current mass spectrometry methods do not quantify all forms of B12, potentially missing a significant portion of the B12 pool.METHODSWe present a method to measure vitamins B1, B2, B6, B7 and four forms of B12 dissolved in seawater. The method entails solid‐phase extraction, separation by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography, and detection by triple‐quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry using stable‐isotope‐labeled internal standards. We demonstrated the use of this method in the environment by analyzing B12 concentrations at different depths in the Hood Canal, part of the Puget Sound estuarine system in Washington State.RESULTSRecovery of vitamin B12 forms during the preconcentration steps was >71% and the limits of detection were <0.275 pM in seawater. Standard addition calibration curves in three different seawater matrices were used to determine analytical response and to quantify samples from the environment. Hydroxocobalamin was the main form of B12 in seawater at our field site.CONCLUSIONSWe developed a method for quantifying four forms of B12 in seawater by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with the option of simultaneous analysis of vitamins B1, B2, B6, and B7. We validated the method and demonstrated its application in the field. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid species identification of Sonoran pronghorn from fecal pellet DNA
Authors: Woodruff Susannah P. , Adams Jennifer R. , Johnson Timothy R. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe Sonoran pronghorn (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis) is a subspecies of pronghorn found exclusively in the Sonoran Desert of Arizona (USA) and Mexico. Sonoran pronghorn persist at low densities and are geographically isolated from other pronghorn populations. Numbers have declined in recent decades, but the population has rebounded from a low of fewer than 50 animals in 2003 to an estimated 159 individuals in 2012; however, little is known about population demographics beyond abundance estimates. We developed a species identification test that uses mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) species‐specific primers to distinguish between sympatric Sonoran pronghorn and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) using DNA extracted from fecal pellets. We accurately identified each species in 100% of the blood and tissue reference samples. We also evaluate the rate of DNA degradation in pronghorn fecal samples ranging from 1 day to 124 days old and document that mtDNA species identification success rates were 100% through day 14. Success rates dropped to 95% by day 21, 50% on day 60, and 10% by day 124. This new test will be a valuable tool for documenting the presence of Sonoran pronghorn across their current range and can also be used for other pronghorn populations. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Electrohydrodynamic linear stability analysis of dielectric liquids subjected to unipolar injection in a rectangular enclosure with rigid sidewalls
Authors: Pérez A. T. , Vázquez P. A. , Wu Jian , Traoré P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigate the linear stability threshold of a dielectric liquid subjected to unipolar injection in a two-dimensional rectangular enclosure with rigid boundaries. A finite element formulation transforms the set of linear partial differential equations that governs the system into a set of algebraic equations. The resulting system poses an eigenvalue problem. We calculate the linear stability threshold, as well as the velocity field and charge density distribution, as a function of the aspect ratio of the domain. The stability parameter as a function of the aspect ratio describes paths of symmetry-breaking bifurcation. The symmetry properties of the different linear modes determine whether these paths cross each other or not. The resulting structure has important consequences in the nonlinear behaviour of the system after the bifurcation points.
“Human Telephone Lines”: Flag Post Mail Relay Runners in British Southern Cameroon (1916–1955) and the Establishment of a Modern Communications Network
Authors: Gam Nkwi Walter , de Bruijn Mirjam 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe flag post mail relay runners, a communications system established in Cameroon during British colonial rule, laid the foundations for the communications structure of this colonial state. They were a remnant of a pre-colonial communications system and, with the advancement of “modern” communications structures such as roads, telephone lines, and post houses, the flag post runner gradually disappeared. This article explores the role of the runners for the colonial administration in Cameroon and is based mostly on archival research. It describes the runners’ system and how it influenced the colonial communications landscape. In addition, the questions of how these runners were involved in the colonial state and what forms of resistance emerged among runners are analysed. Finally, the article discusses the degree to which the subsequent construction of roads, telegraphic communications, and postal networks reflected the role played by mail runners in the British colonial period up to the 1950s.
Free and Unfree Labour and Ethnic Conflicts in the Brazilian Transport Industry: Rio de Janeiro in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Terra Paulo Cruz 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOver the course of the nineteenth century, major changes transformed the transport of people and freight in Rio de Janeiro, the capital of Brazil during this period. These transformations involved both technological change, as transport evolved first from carriages and carts to horse-drawn trams and then to electric trams, as well as economic developments, such as the establishment of the first tram companies, many of which became important vehicles for foreign capital to enter Brazil. Although there has been extensive research from various angles into the changes undergone by the city's transport sector, there remains, however, a significant lacuna in the existing literature: the workers involved in that sector. The aim of this article is to analyse the workforce of the urban transport sector in Rio de Janeiro in the nineteenth century, and to understand the labour that these workers provided, how they were affected by the transformations in the sector, and, at the same time, how they responded to those transformations. During this period, issues such as the connections between free and unfree labour, ethnic conflicts, and work regulation were very important in transport work in Rio de Janeiro, and they are explored in the text.
Realism and religious experience
Authors: BROWN DAVID 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this article three types of objection to a realist account of religious experience are explored: (1) the unusual character of its object; (2) its unusual accompanying conditions; and (3) the conflicting content. In response to (1) it is noted that despite divine freedom not all types of encounter preclude predictability, while parallels are drawn with perception of other complex objects such as persons. At the same time the whole notion of simple perceptions is challenged. In response to (2) parallels to the affective element are found not only in moral and aesthetic experience but more widely. Finally, in response to (3) apparent irreconcilable conflicts are lessened by observing how all such experiences take place within the context of traditions whose surface incompatibility does not necessarily indicate deep divisions.
Durham House and the Chapels Royal: their liturgical impact on the Church of Scotland
Authors: Spinks Bryan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEver since the laying of the foundation stone of the present Norman building, Durham Cathedral has had an ambiguous relationship with Scotland – some good (the huge contribution of Dean William Whittingham through liturgy, metrical psalms and the Geneva Bible) and some extremely negative (the cathedral served as the prison for the Scottish prisoners after the battle of Dunbar). Amongst the more negative are the liturgical ideals and practices of the Durham House group, more commonly though inaccurately known as ‘Laudians’. The members of the group, which did include William Laud, were the protégés of the bishop of Durham, Richard Neile, and they met in his house in London. He promoted many as prebendaries at Durham Cathedral, and there they developed their liturgical ideals and practices. These ideals were ones which Neile shared with his contemporaries and close friends, Bishops Lancelot Andrewes and John Buckeridge. This article argues that the origin and precedent for these practices were the Chapels Royal with which most of the ‘players’ had affiliation in some way or other. Elizabeth I insisted on liturgical ceremonial and furnishings that supported or matched the grandeur of court ceremonial. It was a style which she hoped would also be adopted in English cathedrals. It was a style of worship which also appealed to James VI and through the Chapels Royal in Scotland he attempted to introduce a similar liturgical style. He also sought to conform the Church of Scotland to the Church of England, both in polity and liturgical text. The policy was continued by Charles I, who attempted to extend it to the Scottish cathedrals. Opponents of this court liturgical style and ‘Englishing’ of the liturgy found it convenient to blame the bishops who were given the task of implementing the liturgical changes rather than attack the source, namely the monarchy. The ultimate outcome was that, rather than the Church of Scotland adopting the 1637 Book of Common Prayer and Durham House ceremonial, it eventually even lost the liturgy which Scottish tradition had ascribed to John Knox, but the lion's share of which was more probably the work of Dean William Whittingham. Instead the Church of Scotland accepted the Directory of Public Worship, itself mainly the work of English divines. It became one of the few Reformed churches that did not have a set form for its public worship.