bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the Viable Unbounded Polyhedron Under Linear Control Systems
Authors: Chen Zheng , Gao Yan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a new method to determine the viability of linear differential inclusions on an unbounded polyhedron. Based on nonsmooth analysis and viability theory, a sufficient and necessary condition of viability for a convex cone is presented. We then apply the result to an autonomous continuous‐time positive linear system and a continuous‐time positive linear system with scalar inputs, respectively. We give a sufficient condition that guarantees the viability of linear differential inclusions on an unbounded polyhedron. The advantage of the proposed methods is that determining the viability is transformed into solving a finite number of linear programmings. Finally, the effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through an example.
A Cognitive Perspective on the Business Case for Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Hockerts Kai 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes that a cognitive perspective on corporate sustainability and competitiveness might allow new insights into the question of the business case. The paper explores how respondents from 12 firms make sense of their firm's investments in corporate sustainability activities by analyzing the mental models evoked. The interviews showed that a business case perspective emerged as the dominant logic. A subsequent analysis of the content of the knowledge schemas that were elicited surfaced four dimensions of corporate sustainability induced competitive advantages: risk reduction, efficiency gains, brand building and new market creation. An analysis of the structure of these knowledge schemas revealed that respondents from firms with lower perceived sustainability performance drew on less differentiated and less integrated cognitive frameworks (focusing on risk and efficiency). Respondents from firms with higher perceived performance drew on more complex mental models to represent the links between corporate sustainability and competitiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
British Children Can Be Trafficked Too: Towards an Inclusive Definition of Internal Child Sex Trafficking
Authors: Brayley Helen , Cockbain Ella 
Published: March 2014

In research, policy and practice, internal trafficking has been long overshadowed by its international counterpart. Despite the introduction of specific legislation against internal sex trafficking, confusion remains in Britain around how this crime is distinguished from other forms of sexual exploitation. In particular, there have been growing tensions around whether British children can be victims. The need for clarity and consistency has been highlighted by a series of high‐profile cases involving British minors being moved within the UK for sexual exploitation. This article brings ongoing definitional debate into the academic arena, exploring the contents and validity of common arguments against accepting Britons as valid victims. It engages with academic studies, government and third‐sector reports, parliamentary debate and legal statute. Additionally, it features arguments raised by practitioners and policy‐makers at conferences, training and meetings. It proposes an inclusive and more clearly delineated definition of internal child sex trafficking. The acceptance and application of a standardised definition would facilitate more effective, transparent and consistent multi‐agency interventions and data collection. The article will be of interest to practitioners, policy‐makers and academics. It focuses on the UK but contributes to wider international discourse around internal trafficking.‘There have been growing tensions around whether British children can be victims’Key Practitioner Messages:

Internal trafficking must be better understood and more clearly defined.
In the UK, confusion has focused on whether Britons can be internally sex trafficked.
Both internal sex trafficking law and associated legislative intent readily accommodate British victims.
There are practical and theoretical flaws in the most common arguments against labelling Britons as trafficked.
A new inclusive definition of internal child sex trafficking is proposed: its application could support more cohesive, consistent and transparent policy, practice and data monitoring.‘Both internal sex trafficking law and associated legislative intent readily accommodate British victims.’
Co‐creation and ambiguous ownership within virtual communities: the case of the Machinima community
Authors: Harwood Tracy , Garry Tony 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis research contributes to a gap in our understanding of value and its cocreation by empirically investigating issues related to ambiguities of legal ownership of cocreated outputs from a virtual experience environment and the subsequent consequences of these on value creation. The context is Machinima, the making of original content using the content of computer games engines wherein a games developer and members of a virtual community simultaneously collaborate to generate and distribute content thus potentially creating tension around ownership and authorship. The investigation had three aims. The first objective was to provide a holistic gestalt of how value is cocreated, transformed, transferred and consumed when the roles of consumer and producer become ‘blurred’. The second objective was to examine how legal ‘ambiguity’ of ownership potentially acts as an enabler of creativity within such contexts. The final objective was to develop a better understanding of the social, economic and legal determinants and consequences of such ambiguity on ownership as both an experience and an implicit legal arrangement. Taken holistically, the findings suggest the ambiguous nature of ownership from a legal perspective contributes and informs creative endeavour from both an organisational and community perspective. Within the context of this investigation, ownership ambiguity paradoxically may provide an on‐going environment in which value creation processes beneficial to both participant and developer flourish. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Brunswik lens model of consumer health judgments of packaged foods
Authors: Orquin Jacob L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTConsumer health judgments of packaged food were compared with an objective healthfulness criterion using a Brunswik lens model. Consumer judgments were obtained from a representative consumer sample (N = 1329) who evaluated the healthfulness of 198 packaged food products. The objective healthfulness criterion was calculated for each product according to its specific nutrition values using a validated nutrition profile. The lens model included explicit cues such as nutrition values, nutrition and health claims, food category, and brand and implicit cues such a packaging design and category representativeness. The study revealed that the objective healthfulness criterion is highly predictable on the basis of cues such as the food category, brand, carbohydrate content, and whether the food is a typical “light” product. However, consumer judgments of food healthfulness are based almost entirely on the food category and to a lesser extent on the brand and consumer familiarity with the product. The results are in conflict with consumers' self‐reported use of nutrition information but are in accordance with findings from studies using implicit methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multilevel perspective on the relationship between interpersonal justice and negative feedback‐seeking behaviour
Authors: Chuang Aichia , Lee Chun‐Yang , Shen Chi‐Tai 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDrawing on social information processing theory, this study uses a multilevel design to integrate the literature on organizational justice with the literature on feedback‐seeking behaviour. Results from a laboratory study with data involving 690 employees showed that individual‐level interpersonal justice was related to employee negative feedback‐seeking behaviour (NFSB) via the mediation of trust in the supervisor. Multilevel analysis of the follow‐up field study with data involving 390 employees from 46 teams confirmed the findings of the laboratory study and indicated that team‐level interpersonal justice was associated with NFSB through a supportive climate. Also, team‐level supervisor support climate was positively related to individual‐level trust in the supervisor. The paper discusses managerial implications of these findings and suggests directions for future research. Copyright © 2014 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving colorectal cancer screening in Asian Americans: Results of a randomized intervention study
Authors: Carney Patricia A. , Lee‐Lin Frances , Mongoue‐Tchokote Solange , Mori Motomi , Leung Holden , Lau Christine , Le T. Domi , Lieberman David A. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to use a randomized controlled trial design to test the impact of an educational intervention delivered by specially trained community health workers among Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese participants ages 50 to 75 years on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions regarding colorectal cancer screening.METHODSBaseline data were collected on participants' demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs about cancer, its risk factors, and intention to keep up to date on cancer screening in the future. Fifteen intervention sessions were held between April and June of 2011. Follow‐up surveys were administered in the postintervention period to both intervention and control participants. Those randomized to the control group received educational pamphlets in their native language.RESULTSThe intervention had the greatest influence on the Chinese subgroup, which had improved scores relative to the control group for perceived behavior control and intentions (preintervention vs postintervention change: control group, −0.16; intervention group, 0.11; P = .004), behavioral beliefs on cancer screening (preintervention vs postintervention change: control group, −0.06; intervention group, 0.24; P = .0001), and attitudes toward behavior (preintervention vs postintervention change: control group, −0.24; intervention group, 0.35; P ≤ .0001). The intervention had no effect on behavioral beliefs about cancer, control beliefs, or perceived behavioral control (reliance on family). Although the intention to stay up to date for cancer screening increased in 2 study groups (Chinese and Vietnamese), these increases were not significant.CONCLUSIONSAn educational program delivered by culturally specific community health educators using culturally appropriate language influences some knowledge, attitude, and behavioral beliefs but not others. Cancer 2014;120:1702–1712. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Diaphragm dysfunction in heart failure is accompanied by increases in neutral sphingomyelinase activity and ceramide content
Authors: Empinado Hyacinth M. , Deevska Gergana M. , Nikolova‐Karakashian Mariana , Yoo Jeung‐Ki , Christou Demetra D. , Ferreira Leonardo F. 
Published: March 2014

AimsChronic heart failure (CHF) causes inspiratory (diaphragm) muscle weakness and fatigue that contributes to dyspnoea and limited physical capacity in patients. However, the mechanisms that lead to diaphragm dysfunction in CHF remain poorly understood. Cytokines and angiotensin II are elevated in CHF and stimulate the activity of the enzyme sphingomyelinase (SMase) and accumulation of its reaction product ceramide. In the diaphragm, SMase or ceramide exposure in vitro causes weakness and fatigue. Thus, elevated SMase activity and ceramide content have been proposed as mediators of diaphragm dysfunction in CHF. In the present study, we tested the hypotheses that diaphragm dysfunction was accompanied by increases in diaphragm SMase activity and ceramide content.Methods and resultsMyocardial infarction was used to induce CHF in rats. We measured diaphragm isometric force, SMase activity by high‐performance liquid chromatography, and ceramide subspecies and total ceramide using mass spectrometry. Diaphragm force was depressed and fatigue accelerated by CHF. Diaphragm neutral SMase activity was increased by 20% in CHF, while acid SMase activity was unchanged. We also found that CHF increased the content of C18–, C20–, and C24‐ceramide subspecies and total ceramide. Downstream of ceramide degradation, diaphragm sphingosine was unchanged, and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate level was increased in CHF.ConclusionOur major novel finding was that diaphragm dysfunction in CHF rats was accompanied by higher diaphragm neutral SMase activity, which is expected to cause the observed increase in diaphragm ceramide content.
Improved conditions for periodate/Schiff's base‐based fluorescent staining of glycoproteins with dansylhydrazine in SDS‐PAGE
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Hong Guo‐Ying , Huang Bin‐Bin , Duan Yuan‐Meng , Shen Jia‐Yi , Ni Mao‐Wei , Cong Wei‐Tao , Jin Li‐Tai 
Published: March 2014

An improved periodate/Schiff's base based fluorescent stain with dansylhydrazine (DH) for glycoproteins in 1D and 2D SDS‐PAGE was described. Down to 4–8 ng of glycoproteins can be selectively detected within 2 h, which is approximately 16‐fold higher than that of original protocol, but similar to that of Pro‐Q Emerald 488 stain (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, USA). Furthermore, subsequent study of deglycosylation, glycoprotein affinity isolation, and LC‐MS/MS analysis were performed to confirm the specificity of the improved method. As a result, improved DH stain may provide a new choice for selective, economic, MS compatible, and convenient visualization of gel‐separated glycoproteins.
How Informative are the Subjective Density Forecasts of Macroeconomists?
Authors: Kenny Geoff , Kostka Thomas , Masera Federico 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a framework to evaluate the subjective density forecasts of macroeconomists using micro data from the euro area Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF). A key aspect of our analysis is the use of evaluation measures which take account of the entire predictive densities, and not just the probability assigned to the outcome that occurs. Overall, we find considerable heterogeneity in the performance of the surveyed densities at the individual level. However, it is hard to exploit this heterogeneity and improve aggregate performance by trimming poorly performing forecasters in real time. Relative to a set of simple benchmarks, density performance is somewhat better for GDP growth than for inflation, although in the former case it diminishes substantially with the forecast horizon. In addition, we report evidence of an improvement in the relative performance of expert densities during the recent period of macroeconomic volatility. However, our analysis also reveals clear evidence of overconfidence or neglected risks in expert probability assessments, as reflected in frequent occurrences of events which are assigned a zero probability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Mixed‐Frequency Time Series with ECM‐MIDAS Models
Authors: Götz Thomas B. , Hecq Alain , Urbain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a mixed‐frequency error correction model for possibly cointegrated non‐stationary time series sampled at different frequencies. We highlight the impact, in terms of model specification, of the choice of the particular high‐frequency explanatory variable to be included in the cointegrating relationship, which we call a dynamic mixed‐frequency cointegrating relationship. The forecasting performance of aggregated models and several mixed‐frequency regressions are compared in a set of Monte Carlo experiments. In particular, we look at both the unrestricted mixed‐frequency model and at a more parsimonious MIDAS regression. Whereas the existing literature has only investigated the potential improvements of the MIDAS framework for stationary time series, our study emphasizes the need to include the relevant cointegrating vectors in the non‐stationary case. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the choice of dynamic mixed‐frequency cointegrating relationship does not matter as long as the short‐run dynamics are adapted accordingly. Finally, the unrestricted model is shown to suffer from parameter proliferation for samples of relatively small size, whereas MIDAS forecasts are robust to over‐parameterization. We illustrate our results for the US inflation rate. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Improvement by Temperature Control of an Open‐Cathode PEM Fuel Cell System
Authors: Strahl S. , Husar A. , Puleston P. , Riera J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe work presented in this article combines experimental analysis and theoretical studies of temperature effects on the performance of an open‐cathode, self‐humidified PEM fuel cell system for the design of optimal control strategies. The experimental analysis shows the great potential of improving the system performance by proper thermal management. The most significant temperature dependent parameter of the system under study is the exchange current density. On the one hand it is influenced positively by a temperature increase as this lowers the activation barrier. On the other hand a higher temperature causes a reduction of the electrochemical active sites in the cathode catalyst layer due to lower water content in the ionomer and primary pores. Dynamic models for fuel cell temperature, liquid water transport and the related electrochemistry have been developed and validated against the experiment. A cascaded Extremum Seeking control algorithm with a local PI controller is proposed to regulate the temperature to a fuel cell voltage maximum. However, the slow dynamics of the temperature related catalyst‐drying effect on performance complicate the optimal thermal management with model‐free control strategies.
Influence of the Interaction Between Phosphoric Acid and Catalyst Layers on the Properties of HT‐PEFCs
Authors: Liu F. , Mohajeri S. , Di Y. , Wippermann K. , Lehnert W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe performance of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells is influenced by the components in the cell. In order to determine the effects of the platinum loading and the thickness of the anode and the cathode as well as of the phosphoric acid content on the cell performance, a three‐level factorial plan encompassing 15 experimental points was designed and carried out. The experimental results were analyzed statistically and expressed as graphic cubes in the range studied. It was found that each factor and their interactions have strong effects on the cell performance. The interactions are attributed to the distribution of phosphoric acid and gases in the membrane electrode assembly. The water vapor transport influences the concentration of phosphoric acid, which modifies not only the proton conductivity but also the cathode kinetics. The optimized cell performance was obtained with an acid amount of 20 mg cm–2, a cathode thickness of 125 μm (platinum loading of 1.0 mg cm–2), and an anode thickness of 75 μm (platinum loading of 0.6 mg cm–2).
Dialkylation of Diethyl Ethoxycarbonylmethylphosphonate under Microwave and Solventless Conditions
Authors: Grün Alajos , Blastik Zsófia , Drahos László , Keglevich György 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTo further broaden the methods for the heterogeneous phase alkylation of CH acidic compounds, the dialkylation of diethyl ethoxycarbonylmethylphosphonate was studied in the presence of Cs2CO3 under microwave and solvent‐free conditions. It was found that after repeating the alkylations by the addition of newer portions of the alkylating agent and the base on a few occasions, the dialkylation was quite efficient. Even dialkyl derivatives with different alkyl groups could be synthesized. The presence of a phase‐transfer catalyst was harmful, as prevented the formation of the dialkyl products.
Implications of Utilization Shifts on Medical‐care Price Measurement
Authors: Dunn Abe , Liebman Eli , Shapiro Adam Hale 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe medical‐care sector often experiences changes in medical protocols and technologies that cause shifts in treatments. However, the commonly used medical‐care price indexes reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics hold the mix of medical services fixed. In contrast, episode expenditure indexes, advocated by many health economists, track the full cost of disease treatment, even as treatments shift across service categories (e.g., inpatient to outpatient hospital). In our data, we find that these two conceptually different measures of price growth show similar aggregate rates of inflation over the 2003–2007 period. Although aggregate trends are similar, we observe differences when looking at specific disease categories. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatally invasive actinomycosis masquerading as a tonsillar carcinoma
Authors: Pézier Thomas F. , Kastrinidis Nikos , Widmer Gian‐Marco , Huber Gerhard F. , Probst Rudolf 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundActinomyces is a bacterial rod found in the normal oral flora. It can gain entry to the submucosa via trivial wounds and ultimately lead to slow growing lesions which may mimic cancerous lesions.Methods and ResultsWe present the case of an elderly, immunosuppressed woman who presented with a herald bleed from a tonsillar lesion. Despite initial operative arrest of the hemorrhage, she died of a carotid blowout. At autopsy, no sign of cancer was found, but rather an invasive actinomycosis.ConclusionAlthough actinomycosis of the tonsil is well known and has even been described as mimicking tonsillar cancer, this is, to our knowledge, the first report of a carotid blowout secondary to actinomycosis. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: E129–E130, 2014
The rubber hand illusion increases heat pain threshold
Authors: Hegedüs G. , Darnai G. , Szolcsányi T. , Feldmann Á. , Janszky J. , Kállai J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that manipulations of cortical body representation, for example, by simply viewing one's own body, can relieve pain in healthy subjects. Despite the widespread use of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) as an effective experimental tool for the manipulation of bodily awareness, previous studies examining the analgesic effect of the RHI have produced conflicting results.MethodWe used noxious heat stimuli to induce finger pain in 29 healthy subjects, and we recorded the participants' pain thresholds and subjective pain ratings during the RHI and during the control conditions. Two control conditions were included in our experiment – a standard one with reduced illusion strength (asynchronous stroking control) and an additional one in which the participants viewed their own hand.ResultsRaw data showed that both the RHI and the vision of the own hand resulted in slightly higher pain thresholds than the asynchronous stroking control (illusion: 47.79 °C; own‐hand: 47.99 °C; asynchronous: 47.52 °C). After logarithmic transformation to achieve normality, paired t‐tests revealed that both increases in pain threshold were significant (illusion/asynchronous: p = 0.036; own‐hand/asynchronous: p = 0.007). In contrast, there was no significant difference in pain threshold between the illusion and the own‐hand conditions (p = 0.656). Pain rating scores were not log–normal, and Wilcoxon singed–rank tests found no significant differences in pain ratings between the study conditions.ConclusionThe RHI increases heat pain threshold and the analgesic effect of the RHI is comparable with that of seeing one's own hand. The latter finding may have clinical implications.