bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vascular depression: overrepresented among African Americans?
Authors: Reinlieb Michelle E. , Persaud Amanda , Singh Deepika , Garcon Ernst , Rutherford Bret R. , Pelton Gregory H. , Devanand D. P. , Roose Steven P. , Sneed Joel R. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveOur primary aim was to compare the rate of vascular depression among a clinical sample of African American and Caucasian depressed older adults. Secondary aims included characterizing the clinical and neuropsychological profile of vascular depression and comparing antidepressant response rates between patients with vascular and nonvascular depression.MethodsThis was a two‐site, multi‐ethnic, open 8‐week trial of antidepressant medication in older adults with depression. Men and women 50 years or older meeting DSM‐IV criteria for nonpsychotic unipolar depression participated in this trial. Each participant underwent a comprehensive psychiatric and neuropsychological evaluation and a brain MRI, which were performed at baseline.ResultsForty‐six patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Forty‐two of those patients received an MRI at baseline. Sixteen patients met criteria for vascular depression. Patients with vascular depression were significantly more likely to be African American and have a higher likelihood of being female, a higher rate of hypertension and psychomotor retardation, a lower rate of family history of affective illness, and frontal systems dysfunction on neuropsychological testing. The difference in response rates between patients with vascular and nonvascular depression did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsThis is the first study to document high rates of vascular depression in a clinical sample of African Americans and Caucasians. Our findings suggest that vascular depression may be overrepresented among African Americans, which is consistent with the high rates of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and stroke in this population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All things to all people? The provision of outreach by community mental health teams for older people in England: findings from a national survey
Authors: Tucker Sue , Wilberforce Mark , Brand Christian , Abendstern Michele , Challis David 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to identify the extent of outreach activity community mental health teams (CMHTs) for older people provide to mainstream services in light of the recommendations of the National Dementia Strategy. In particular, to determine the range of settings in receipt of support; to specify the form of this activity; to identify the professionals involved; and to explore the factors associated with the provision of such support.MethodsA self‐administered postal questionnaire was sent to all CMHTs in England. The reported arrangements were categorised and reviewed according to a taxonomy of outreach developed from the literature.ResultsThree hundred and seventy six (88%) of the CMHTs responded. Although nearly all teams undertook some outreach work, much of this was informal in nature. Nevertheless, the vast majority of teams had some formal outreach arrangements in at least one mainstream setting. Just less than three‐quarters provided support (most typically education) to care homes, approaching half centres to day centres, and over a third to primary care practices, social services teams, home care providers and general hospitals, respectively. Link workers were the favoured means of supporting general hospital staff. Community mental health nurses were most commonly involved in providing outreach, and larger teams were more likely than smaller teams to have formalised arrangements. A significant minority of teams expressed concerns about their capacity to provide effective services.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that both more resources and more evidence will be needed to meet the National Dementia Strategy's aim of improving care for older people with mental health problems in mainstream settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The nuances of cognition and depression in older adults: the need for a comprehensive assessment
Authors: Brown Patrick J. , Sneed Joel R. , Rutherford Bret R. , Devanand D. P. , Roose Steven P. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the confluence of depression, cognitive impairment, and vascular risk factors in older individuals.MethodsThe study uses baseline data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Data were collected across Alzheimer's Disease Centers in the USA. The sample included 12,634 individuals (cognitive intact = 8022; amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI] = 3652; nonamnestic MCI [nonaMCI] = 960). The Geriatric Depression Scale assessed depression; the Trail Making Test assessed executive function.ResultsThe proportion of participants with depression was higher in the aMCI (18%) and nonaMCI group (21%) as compared with that in the cognitively intact group (8%); there was no difference in rates of depression between aMCI and nonaMCI groups. The proportion of participants with executive dysfunction differed between nondepressed and depressed individuals for the cognitively intact (8% vs. 12%) and aMCI groups (28% vs. 35%), but not for the nonaMCI group (37% vs. 41%). Nine percent of the cognitively intact group had executive dysfunction compared with 31% of the aMCI group and 40% of the nonaMCI group. The proportion of participants with hypertension was greater in individuals with executive dysfunction compared with those with no executive deficits; the presence of hypertension was not associated with depression severity.ConclusionsThe confluence of vascular risk factors, episodic memory impairment, and depression and executive dysfunction highlights the need for comprehensive assessment of depressed older adults that can aid clinicians in the formulation of treatment planning and inform clinicians and researchers about long‐term prognosis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HETEROGENEITY IN ACTION: THE ROLE OF PASSIVE PERSONALIZATION IN COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH
Authors: Basu Anirban , Jena Anupam B. , Goldman Dana P. , Philipson Tomas J. , Dubois Robert 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDespite the goal of comparative effectiveness research (CER) to inform patient‐centered care, most studies fail to account for the patient‐centeredness of care that already exist in practice, which we denote as passive personalization (PP). Because CER studies describe the average effectiveness of treatments rather than heterogeneity in how individual patients respond to therapies, clinical or coverage policies that respond to CER results may undermine PP in clinical practice and generate worse outcomes. We study this phenomenon empirically in the context of use of antipsychotic drugs in Medicaid patients with schizophrenia using novel instrumental variable methods. We find strong support for PP in clinical practice and demonstrate that the average effects from a CER study cannot be replicated in practice because of the presence of PP. In contrast, providing physicians with evidence to further personalize treatment can produce significant benefits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desmoid tumors of the head and neck: A therapeutic challenge
Authors: de Bree Eelco , Zoras Odysseas , Hunt Jennifer L. , Takes Robert P. , Suárez Carlos , Mendenhall William M. , Hinni Michael L. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Shaha Ashok R. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Ferlito Alfio , de Bree Remco 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDesmoid tumor, or aggressive fibromatosis, is a rare, histologically benign, fibroblastic lesion that infrequently presents in the head and neck. Desmoid tumors often grow locally, invasively, and may, in rare instances, be fatal secondary to invasion into critical structures, such as airway or major vessels. The most common treatment is surgery, but desmoid tumors are characteristically associated with a high local recurrence rate after resection. Although the margin status seems to be of importance, operations that avoid function loss and esthetic disfigurement should be the primary goal. The efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy is controversial. Its potential benefit should be carefully balanced against possible radiation‐induced adverse effects. Alternative treatment modalities, such as primary radiotherapy and medical treatment or a wait‐and‐see policy, may be preferable to mutilating surgery. Considering all the aforementioned, it seems obvious that desmoid tumors of the head and neck present a therapeutic challenge and require an individualized approach. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck, 36: 1517–1526, 2014
Rethinking Academic Literacies
Authors: Kiili Carita , Mäkinen Marita , Coiro Julie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis manuscript introduces a multidimensional framework for academic literacies to help instructors become more aware of different aspects of literacies and how they might be used to plan and orchestrate meaningful, multifaceted literacy experiences in their classes. More specifically, this broad framework for literacy and learning explicitly considers the overlapping role of argumentation, digital inquiry, collaboration, and innovation as they are applied to continuously evolving disciplinary literacy practices. The framework is applied to a course designed for pre‐service teachers that integrated several aspects of academic literacies and offered some pedagogical guidelines to support their literacy development. A summary of the different domains of academic literacies and research‐based pedagogical guidelines is provided to assist teachers in various disciplines and educational levels in applying the framework in their own instructional contexts.
Using quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling to quantitatively predict the developmental toxicity of halogenated azole compounds
Authors: Craig Evisabel A. , Wang Nina Ching , Zhao Q. Jay 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDevelopmental toxicity is a relevant endpoint for the comprehensive assessment of human health risk from chemical exposure. However, animal developmental toxicity data remain unavailable for many environmental contaminants due to the complexity and cost of these types of analyses. Here we describe an approach that uses quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling as an alternative methodology to fill data gaps in the developmental toxicity profile of certain halogenated compounds. Chemical information was obtained and curated using the OECD Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Toolbox, version 3.0. Data from 35 curated compounds were analyzed via linear regression to build the predictive model, which has an R2 of 0.79 and a Q2 of 0.77. The applicability domain (AD) was defined by chemical category and structural similarity. Seven halogenated chemicals that fit the AD but are not part of the training set were employed for external validation purposes. Our model predicted lowest observed adverse effect level values with a maximal threefold deviation from the observed experimental values for all chemicals that fit the AD. The good predictability of our model suggests that this method may be applicable to the analysis of qualifying compounds whenever developmental toxicity information is lacking or incomplete for risk assessment considerations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased Quantity and Quality of the Periarticular and Nonperiarticular Bone in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional HR-pQCT Study
Authors: Kocijan Roland , Finzel Stephanie , Englbrecht Matthias , Engelke Klaus , Rech Jürgen , Schett Georg 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly bone destructive disease. Although it is well established that RA leads to bone loss and increased fracture risk, current knowledge on the microstructural changes of bone in RA is still limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the microstructure of periarticular and nonperiarticular bone in female and male RA patients and compare it with respective healthy controls. We performed two high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT; Xtreme-CT) scans, one of the distal radius and one of the ultradistal radius in 90 patients with RA (60 females, 30 males) and 70 healthy controls (40 females, 30 males) matched for sex, age, and body mass index. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone geometry, and bone microstructure including trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and cortical porosity (Ct.Po) were assessed. At the distal and ultradistal radius, trabecular (p = 0.005 and p &lt; 0.001) and cortical BMD (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001) were significantly decreased in male and female patients with RA, respectively. BV/TV was also decreased at both sites, based on lower Tb.N in female RA (p &lt; 0.001 for both sites) and lower Tb.Th (p = 0.034 and p = 0.005) in male RA patients compared with respective healthy controls. Cortical thinning (p = 0.018 and p = 0.002) but not Ct.Po (p = 0.070 and p = 0.275) was pronounced in male and female RA patients at the distal radius. Cortical perimeter was increased in male and female RA patients at both sites. Multiple regression models showed that bone geometry (cortical perimeter) is predominantly influenced by age of the RA patient, cortical thickness by both age and disease duration, and trabecular microstructure predominantly by the disease duration. In summary, these data show profound deterioration of bone microstructure in the appendicular skeleton of RA patients at both periarticular and nonperiarticular sites. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Steady‐state pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meropenem in morbidly obese patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit
Authors: Cheatham S. Christian , Fleming Megan R. , Healy Daniel P. , Chung Eun Kyoung , Shea Katherine M. , Humphrey Melissa L. , Kays Michael B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe study objective was to evaluate meropenem pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in morbid obesity. Nine patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 received meropenem 500 mg or 1 g q6h, infused over 0.5 hours. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated, and Monte Carlo simulations were performed for 5 dosing regimens (500 mg q8h, 1 g q8h, 2 g q8h, 500 mg q6h, 1 g q6h) infused over 0.5 and 3 hours. Probability of target attainment (PTA) was calculated using fT > MIC of 40% and 54%. Total body weight and body mass index were 152.3 ± 31.0 kg and 54.7 ± 8.6 kg/m2, respectively. Volume of distribution of the central compartment was 13.3 ± 6.7 L, volume of distribution at steady‐state was 37.4 ± 14.7 L, and systemic clearance was 10.2 ± 5.0 L/h. At an MIC of 2 µg/mL, PTA was ≥90% for 4/5 and 2/5 regimens infused over 0.5 hours and for 5/5 and 4/5 regimens infused over 3 hours at 40% and 54% fT > MIC, respectively. Standard doses achieve adequate exposures for susceptible bacteria at a pharmacodynamic target of 40% fT > MIC. Higher doses or prolonged infusion regimens are needed at the higher pharmacodynamic target.
Netupitant PET imaging and ADME studies in humans
Authors: Spinelli Tulla , Calcagnile Selma , Giuliano Claudio , Rossi Giorgia , Lanzarotti Corinna , Mair Stuart , Stevens Lloyd , Nisbet Ian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNetupitant is a new, selective NK1 receptor antagonist under development for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the brain receptor occupancy (RO) and disposition (ADME) of netupitant in humans. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with the NK1 receptor‐binding–selective tracer [11C]‐GR205171 was used to evaluate the brain penetration of different doses of netupitant (100, 300, and 450 mg) and to determine the NK1‐RO duration. A NK1‐RO of 90% or higher was achieved with all doses in the majority of the tested brain regions at Cmax, with a long duration of RO. The netupitant minimal plasma concentration predicted to achieve a NK1‐RO of 90%, C90%, in the striatum was 225 ng/mL; after administration of netupitant 300 mg, concentrations exceeded the C90%. In the ADME study, a single nominal dose of [14C]‐netupitant 300 mg was used to assess its disposition. Absorption was rapid and netupitant was extensively metabolized via Phase I and II hepatic metabolism. Elimination of >90% was predicted at day 29 and was principally via hepatic/biliary route (>85%) with a minor contribution of the renal route (<5%). In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that netupitant is a potent agent targeting NK1 receptors with long lasting RO. In addition, netupitant is extensively metabolized and is mainly eliminated through the hepatic/biliary route and to a lesser extent via the kidneys.
Plasmon‐induced reduction of bromate with Au–Ag–AgI/Al2O3 under visible‐light irradiation
Authors: Peng Tianwei , Tu Jinjun , Hu Chun , Hu Xuexiang , Zhou Xuefeng 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe plasmon‐induced photocatalytic reduction of bromate (BrO3–) was investigated in visible‐light irradiated Au–Ag–AgI/Al2O3 suspension. The BrO3– reduction process was studied in detail.RESULTSThe catalyst was found to be highly effective for the reduction of BrO3– from pH 3 to 6. An enhancement of the electrical interaction between BrO3– and the positively charged surface of the photocatalyst favored adsorption and reduction of BrO3–. Organic compounds such as ethanol could react as sacrificial electron donors with excited holes (h+) on the metal nanoparticles (NPs) to accelerate electron transfer, inhibiting the release of metal ions and the recombination of h+ and electrons, hence promoting photocatalytic reduction of BrO3–. Electron quenching and cyclic voltammetry studies under a variety of experimental conditions verified that BrO3– trapped conduction band electrons of AgI from the excited metal NPs were reduced, competing with O2.CONCLUSIONThe photocatalyst Au–Ag–AgI/Al2O3 exhibited particularly good reduction of BrO3– under visible‐light irradiation. The BrO3– reduction was highly favored at acidic condition due to the greater adsorption of BrO3– onto the catalyst. This finding indicates that this visible‐light‐driven catalyst could be applied to the reduction of some oxidative pollutants or even simultaneous removal of both oxidative and reductive pollutants. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
R2* as a surrogate measure of ferriscan iron quantification in thalassemia
Authors: Chan Wesley C. , Tejani Zahra , Budhani Faisal , Massey Christine , Haider Masoom A. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo determine whether R2* values are a consistent predictor of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) in thalassemia patients by demonstrating a correlation between R2* relaxation rates and FerriScan‐determined HIC.Materials and MethodsEighty‐eight patients with thalassemia major were retrospectively evaluated. All patients underwent FerriScan imaging and multiecho gradient echo imaging. The results from FerriScan analysis were fitted against R2* estimates using linear regression.ResultsThere was a very strong linear correlation between R2* values and FerriScan‐determined HIC (Spearman correlation of 0.976; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.963, 0.984).ConclusionR2* values can predict HIC determined by FerriScan using a linear calibration curve. This technique may provide a potentially cost‐saving alternative for hepatic iron determination and improve acceptance by referring physicians. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:1007–1011. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physiorack: An integrated MRI safe/conditional, Gas delivery, respiratory gating, and subject monitoring solution for structural and functional assessments of pulmonary function
Authors: Halaweish Ahmed F. , Charles H. Cecil 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the use of a modular MRI conditional respiratory monitoring and gating solution, designed to facilitate proper monitoring of subjects' vital signals and their respiratory efforts, during free‐breathing and breathheld 19F, oxygen‐enhanced, and Fourier‐decomposition MRI‐based acquisitions.Materials and MethodsAll Imaging was performed on a Siemens TIM Trio 3 Tesla MRI scanner, following Institutional Review Board approval. Gas delivery is accomplished through the use of an MR compatible pneumotachometer, in conjunction with two three‐way pneumatically controlled Hans Rudolph Valves. The pneumatic valves are connected to Douglas bags used as the gas source. A mouthpiece (+nose clip) or an oro‐nasal Hans Rudolph disposable mask is connected following the pneumatic valve to minimize dead‐space and provide an airtight seal. Continuous monitoring/sampling of inspiratory and expiratory oxygen and carbon dioxide levels at the mouthpiece/mask is achieved through the use of an Oxigraf gas analyzer.ResultsForty‐four imaging sessions were successfully monitored, during Fourier‐decomposition (n = 3), fluorine‐enhanced (n = 29), oxygen‐enhanced, and ultra short echo (n = 12) acquisitions. The collected waveforms, facilitated proper monitoring and coaching of the subjects.ConclusionWe demonstrate an inexpensive, off‐the‐shelf solution for monitoring these signals, facilitating assessments of lung function. Monitoring of respiratory efforts and exhaled gas concentrations assists in understanding the heterogeneity of lung function visualized by gas imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:735–741. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influenza C virus infection in military recruits—symptoms and clinical manifestation
Authors: Kauppila Jaana , Rönkkö Esa , Juvonen Raija , Saukkoriipi Annika , Saikku Pekka , Bloigu Aini , Vainio Olli , Ziegler Thedi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDue to the lack of rapid diagnostic tests, clinical features of Influenza C virus infections are poorly characterized. Respiratory infections in military recruits in eastern Finland were monitored between July 2004 and December 2005 in order to study the epidemiology and clinical picture of infections caused by this virus. Blood samples were obtained at entry and at the end of the military service, and during each episode of respiratory infection to measure antibody responses against 10 viral and 2 bacterial pathogens. If possible, sputum samples were collected during the acute phase of respiratory infection episodes. Symptoms of the episodes were recorded for comparison of the clinical picture caused by various infectious agents. Infection with influenza C virus was detected in 38 of 892 young men during their service. The virus usually caused a mild upper respiratory tract infection. Most typical clinical features of influenza C virus infection were cough, rhinitis, and hoarseness. A striking difference to infections caused by influenza A virus was the lack of fever. Influenza C virus is an important cause of a respiratory tract infection in army conscripts. Infections with this virus are usually mild but can be complicated in some cases. J. Med. Virol. 86:879–885, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.