bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On non-commutative Minkowski spheres
Authors: Stachó Lászlo L. , Werner Wend 
Published: May 2013

Abstract The purpose of the following is to try to make sense of the stereo- graphic projection in a non-commutative setup. To this end, we consider the open unit ball of a ternary ring of operators, which naturally comes equipped with a non-commutative version of a hyperbolic metric and ask for a manifold onto which the open unit ball can be mapped so that one might think of this situation as providing a noncommutative analog to mapping the open disk of complex numbers onto the hyperboloid in three space, equipped with the restriction of the Minkowskian metric. We also obtain a related result on the Jordan algebra of self-adjoint operators
3 - Fold Local index theorem
Authors: Teleman Nicolae 
Published: May 2013

Abstract Although this is a slightly modified version of the paper [23], it has to be seen as preliminary work.3-Fold Local Index Theorem means Local (Local (Local Index Theorem))). Local Index Theorem is the Connes-Moscovici local index theorem [4], [5]. The second ’’Local” refers to the cyclic homology localised to a certain separable subring of the ground algebra, while the last one refers to Alexander-Spanier type cyclic homology. Localised cyclic homology had already appeared in the literature, see Connes [3], Karoubi [9] [10], Loday [12].The Connes-Moscovici work is based on the operator R.(A) = P - e associated to the elliptic pseudo-differential operator A on the smooth manifold M, where P . e are idempotents, see [4], Pg. 353.The operator R(A) has two main merits: it is a smoothing operator and its distributional kernel is situated in an arbitrarily small neigh- bourhood of the diagonal in M x M.The operator R(A) has also two setbacks: -i) it is not an idempotent and therefore it does not have a genuine Connes-Karoubi-Chern character in the absolute cyclic homology of the algebra of smoothing operators, see Connes [2], [3], Karoubi [9] [10] ; -ii) even if it were an idempotent, its Connes-Karoubi-Chern character would belong to the cyclic homology of the algebra of smoothing operators with arbitrary supports, which is trivial.This paper presents a new solution to the difficulties raised by the two setbacks.For which concerns -i), we show that although R(A) is not an idem- potent, it satisfies the identity (R(A))2 = R(-A) - [R(A).e + e.R(A)]. We show that the operator R(A) has a genuine Chern character provided the cyclic homology complex of the algebra of smoothing operators is localised to the separable sub-algebra A = C + C.e, see Section 7.1.For which concerns -ii), we introduce the notion of local cyclic homology; this is constructed on the foot-steps of the Alexander-Spanier homology, i.e. by filtering the chains of the cyclic homology complex of the algebra of smoothing operators by their distributional support, see Section 6.Using these new instruments, we give a reformulation of the Connes- Moscovici local Index Theorem, see Theorem 8.1, Section 8. As a corollary of this theorem, we show that the local cyclic homology of the algebra of smoothing operators is at least as big as the Alexander-Spanier homology of the base manifold.The present reformulation of Connes-Moscovici local index theorem opens the way to new investigations, see Section 9.
On Hopf-Galois extensions of linear categories
Authors: Stănescu Anca 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe continue the investigation of H-Galois extensions of linear categories, where H is a Hopf algebra. In our main result, the Theorem 2.2, we characterize this class of extensions in the case when H is finite dimensional. As an application, we prove a version of the Duality Theorem for crossed products with invertible cocycle.
An Extension of Nice Bases on Ulm Subgroups of Primary Abelian Groups
Authors: Danchev Peter 
Published: May 2013

Abstract Suppose A is an Abelian p-group and is an ordinal such that A/pα A is a direct sum of countable groups. It is shown that A has a nice basis if, and only if, pα A has a nice basis. This strengthens an earlier result of ours in Bull. Allah. Math. Soc. (2011) proved when α< ω2.
Scales and drivers of local adaptation in Brassica nigra (Brassicaceae) populations
Authors: Bischoff Armin , Hurault Basile 
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the Study: Although there is much empirical evidence for local adaptation in plant populations, spatial scales and drivers are still poorly understood. We used the annual species Brassica nigra to (1) test scales of differentiation and adaptation among coastal wetland and inland river‐valley populations and (2) analyze herbivory as a potential driver of local plant adaptation.• Methods: In a common garden experiment, we compared seven populations collected at different geographic scales in both habitat types. To evaluate adaptation to herbivory, we removed the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae from half of the plants. In a reciprocal transplant experiment, we tested local adaptation in two coastal and two river‐valley populations. Natural colonization by dominant herbivore species was recorded.• Key Results: In the common garden, the river‐valley populations showed a higher performance than the coastal ones, whereas large‐scale differentiation within habitats was small. Such a differentiation among plant populations was also found in spontaneous infestation by several herbivore groups but not in the plant response to aphid removal. In the reciprocal transplant experiment at natural sites, both plant populations performed better in their home habitat, indicating local adaptation to environmental differences between coastal and river‐valley sites. A lower aphid infestation on local plants suggests a contribution of herbivores to local plant adaptation and illustrates the need for reciprocal transplant experiments to evaluate this contribution.• Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that adaptive differentiation among habitats may be stronger at relatively small scales than large‐scale adaptation within these habitats. It provides new insights into the role of herbivory in driving local plant adaptation.
Characterizing microscale biological samples under tensile loading: Stress–strain behavior of cell wall fragment of onion outer epidermis
Authors: Zamil M. S. , Yi Hojae , Haque M. A. , Puri Virendra M. 
Published: May 2013

• Premise of the study: The results of published studies investigating the tissue‐scale mechanical properties of plant cell walls are confounded by the unknown contributions of the middle lamella and the shape and size of each cell. However, due to their microscale size, cell walls have not yet been characterized at the wall fragment level under tensile loading. It is imperative to understand the stress–strain behavior of cell wall fragments to relate the wall's mechanical properties to its architecture.• Methods: This study reports a novel method used to characterize wall fragments under tensile loading. Cell wall fragments from onion outer epidermal peels were cut to the desired size (15 × 5 µm) using the focused ion beam milling technique, and these fragments were manipulated onto a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) tensile testing device. The stress–strain behavior of the wall fragments both in the major and minor growth directions were characterized in vacuo.• Key results: The measured mean modulus, fracture strength, and fracture strain in the major growth direction were 3.7 ± 0.8 GPa, 95.5 ± 24.1 MPa, and 3.0 ± 0.5%, respectively. The corresponding properties along the minor growth direction were 4.9 ± 1.2 GPa, 159 ± 48.4 MPa, and 3.8 ± 0.5%, respectively.• Conclusions: The fracture strength and fracture strain were significantly different along the major and minor growth directions, the wall fragment level modulus of elasticity anisotropy for a dehydrated cell wall was 1.23, suggesting a limited anisotropy of the cell wall itself compared with tissue‐scale results.
A reevaluation of the use of rhizome scars to age plants ofTrillium erectum(Melanthiaceae)1
Authors: Broyles Steven B. , Smith Sarah M. , Smith Tori R. , Kindt Justin R. 
Published: May 2013

•Premise of study:Herbaceous perennials are important long‐lived plants in North American forests.Trilliumhas been used as a model organism to examine the effects of ecological processes on age structure in herbaceous forest perennials. Here, the methods of agingTrilliumrhizomes are critically examined.•Methods:Rhizomes of seedlings, single‐bract plants, three‐bract nonflowering plants, and flowering plants ofTrillium erectumwere examined. The patterns of cataphyll and scape scars on rhizomes were examined with respect to demographic category.•Key results: Trilliumrhizomes produce two cataphyll scars per year on single‐bract, three‐bract nonflowering, and flowering plants. Scape scars were only evident on rhizomes of three‐leaved nonflowering and flowering plants. The percentage of intact rhizomes ranged from 10–67% for three‐bract nonflowering plants, and 0–51% for flowering plants. Rhizomes in all demographic categories had evidence of recessing tissues from the oldest portion of the rhizome indicating that accurate age estimates are not possible on many plants.•Conclusions:Accepted methods of agingTrilliumrhizomes have significant drawbacks. The primary problem is that rhizomes rot from the oldest portions in all demographic categories. A second problem is that plants producing multiple scape scars in a given year could mistakenly be counted as multiple years. Finally, confusing terminology and misrepresentations inTrilliumliterature suggests that many previous studies did not correctly determine age. Given the challenges of agingTrillium, we suggest that future studies use rhizome aging to study early demographic stages only and the ecological processes that influence their growth.
Three decades of spanish communication research: Towards legal age
Authors: Fernández-Quijada David , Masip-Masip Pere 
Published: May 2013

This paper analyses the evolution of Spanish communication research published as scientific articles between 1980 and 2010. It quantifies the volume of this production with two different samples: the first sample includes national journals and offers original and unprecedented data; the second one includes international journals, defined as those indexed by the Web of Science. As a whole, more than 6,000 articles were analysed. Additionally, the collaboration patterns in authorship and internationality were also studied. On the one hand, collaboration was measured through indicators of multiple authorship and the evolution of coauthorship indexes. On the other hand, internationality was measured through the share of Spanish authors in international journals, the weight of international collaborations and the language used in national journals. Data obtained illustrate a growth and maturity process of communication as a scientific discipline: at the end of the period analysed, a tension between growing collaboration and internationalization and traditional publication patterns was found. Through the period studied, the birth of new faculties with communication studies and the growing number of journals have feed the own growth of the number of articles. However, other elements such as scientific assessment have also played a role in the internationalization of authors. As a whole, this article offers a first image of the evolution of communication as an academic discipline in Spain.
Este artículo analiza la evolución de la investigación española en comunicación publicada en forma de artículos científicos entre 1980 y 2010. Cuantifica este volumen de producción con dos muestras de revistas, una del ámbito nacional que aporta datos originales e inéditos hasta ahora y otra internacional a partir de Web of Science. En total, se analizan más de 6.000 artículos, estudiando las pautas de colaboración en la autoría y las de internacionalidad. Para las primeras, mediante el peso de la autoría múltiple y la evolución de los índices de coautoría. Para las segundas, mediante el peso de los autores españoles en las revistas internacionales, el volumen de colaboraciones internacionales y el idioma empleado en las revistas españolas. Los datos obtenidos muestran un proceso de crecimiento y madurez de la comunicación como disciplina científica que al final del período analizado se debate entre las tendencias crecientes a la colaboración y la internacionalización y los patrones más tradicionales de comunicación científica. A lo largo del período, el crecimiento de las facultades de comunicación y del número de revistas ha retroalimentado el propio incremento en el número de artículos. No obstante, otros elementos como la evaluación científica también han impulsado la internacionalización de los autores. Así, el artículo ofrece una primera imagen de la evolución de la disciplina en España.
The multidisciplinarity in Spanish and foreign communication journals
Authors: Mañana-Rodríguez Jorge , Sierra-Arizmendiarrieta Beatriz 
Published: May 2013

Communication can be understood, under an epistemological framework, as a macrocontext from which education participates as a part. One of the objectives of this work is to contrast this theoretical consideration with the observed interaction between education and communication scientific journals defined by citations and relatedness towards other scientific journals. At the same time, there might be relevant differences between the citation patterns of Spanish and foreign (journals in Journal Citation Reports) communication journals, particularly with regard to their disciplinary composition. These differences might become a major problem for the interexchange of information between both sets of journals. The authors analyze the citations distribution by subject category for Spanish and JCR journals, as well as for the journal «Comunicar», and also the frequency of related journals per subject category in the case of JCR. It is concluded: a) that the aforementioned epistemological relationship is valid only for Spanish Communication journals, b) that there are relevant differences between both sets of journals in the disciplinary composition of their citedciting and related journals and that Information Science & Library Science might serve as a suitable communication channel; finally, c) the characteristic multidisciplinarity of the journal «Comunicar» is corroborated, both at the national and international level.La comunicación puede entenderse como un macrocontexto epistemológico del que la educación participa como una parte. El análisis de la correspondencia entre esta relación teórica epistemológica y la interacción real entre las revistas de educación y comunicación es uno de los objetivos de este trabajo. Al mismo tiempo, los patrones de citación de las revistas españolas de comunicación, en cuanto a la procedencia de las citas recibidas o emitidas por las revistas de comunicación en el Journal Citations Report, pueden presentar diferencias que dificulten el intercambio de información entre ambos conjuntos. Se analiza la distribución de citas según disciplina citante para las revistas españolas y extranjeras de comunicación, así como para «Comunicar», y la frecuencia de aparición de revistas con tasa de afinidad según su disciplina para las revistas en la «Subjet Category Communication» de JCR. Se concluye que la relación epistemológica entre educación y comunicación se da únicamente en el caso español, que existen marcadas diferencias en la composición disciplinar de las revistas afines y citantes al comparar las revistas españolas con las indexadas en JCR. Además, la interacción con las revistas del área «Information Science & Library Science» podría ser un canal de comunicación entre ambos conjuntos de revistas. Finalmente, se corrobora la correspondencia de la característica multidisciplinariedad de «Comunicar» en el ámbito nacional e internacional.
Connecting generations. A research and learning approach for media education and audience studies
Authors: Ponte Cristina , Aroldi Piermarco 
Published: May 2013

Based on theoretical and methodological orientations from authors’ previous research on media and generations, this article presents a research and learning process involving supervised field work conducted by graduate students from a Master Seminar on Media Studies at FCSH, New University of Lisbon. Acting as facilitators of focus groups composed of older participants, exploring intergenerational and intragenerational differences and similarities that emerge from different age cohorts, and critically reflecting on this experience on their individual essays, students were able to build a contextual knowledge of media uses among their grandparents’ and parents’ generation in Portugal. The choice of focus groups as a tool for research and the topic of generations to be investigated within Media Studies proved to be very productive. The article argues on the potentialities of this intergenerational relation between facilitator and focus groups’ respondents as a way of activating the interactions inside the groups, leading –for instance– the participants to assume an «explaining» attitude in selfaccounting. Final notes are presented about the educational gains of this methodology for Media Education and for different branches of Media Studies, such as media and social history, journalism and the news or political participation.A partir de orientaciones teóricas y metodológicas previas sobre medios de comunicación y generaciones, este artículo presenta un proceso de investigación y aprendizaje a partir de la supervisión del trabajo de campo desempeñado por estudiantes licenciados en el Seminario del Máster en Medios de Comunicación en la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Nueva de Lisboa. Los estudiantes implicados lograron construir conocimiento contextual sobre el uso de los medios en la generación de sus abuelos y en la de sus padres en Portugal, actuando como facilitadores en los grupos de discusión, formados siempre por participantes de mayor edad, explorando las diferencias y similitudes intrageneracionales que emergen en grupos de diferente edad y llevando a cabo una reflexión crítica sobre la experiencia en sus informes individuales. La elección de los grupos de discusión como herramienta para la investigación y la elección del tema en el marco del Estudio de los Medios de Comunicación resultó muy eficaz. Este artículo pretende defender la potencialidad de esta relación intergeneracional entre los facilitadores y los miembros de los grupos de discusión como forma de activar la interacción entre grupos, permitiendo, por ejemplo, que los participantes asuman una actitud explicativa para consigo mismos. Las notas finales que se presentan contemplan las ventajas de esta metodología para la Educación en Medios y para diferentes ramas del Estudio de los Medios, como la historia de los medios de comunicación e historia social, el periodismo o la participación política.
Gender representation in advertising of toys in the Christmas period (2009-12)
Authors: Martínez-Pastor Esther , Nicolás-Ojeda Miguel-Ángel , Salas-Martínez Álvaro 
Published: May 2013

This paper analyzes the representation of children’s gender in toy advertising on television during three different periods. To achieve our purpose, this study examines seven variables: Toy typologies, Gender, Values, Voiceovers, Period, Actions depicted and Interaction between characters. These variables are taken from previous works that have studied the uses and preferences in toy selection according to gender, and research that studies the ways in which advertising represents children and toys. The sample comprises 595 toy commercials broadcast on the TVE1, TVE2, Telecinco, Antena 3, Cuatro, La Sexta, Boing and Disney Channel television channels. The period of study is October to January 200910, 201011 and 201112. The choice of this period is because most toy commercials are broadcast for Christmas. The most important results are: the percentage of male characters is higher than female characters; the advertising of vehicles and action figures is associated with male characters; the values associated with vehicles and action figures are: competition, individualism, ability, physical development, creativity, power and strength, and the values associated with dolls and accessories are beauty and motherhood.
Este trabajo analiza la representación de los géneros en la publicidad infantil española mediante el estudio de siete variables: tipos de productos, género representado, mensajesvalores, voz en off, periodo, acciones representadas e interacción entre personajes. Estas variables se recogen de trabajos que estudian los usos y las preferencias de selección de los juguetes según el género del niño y de estudios que analizan los modos y formas de la publicidad para representar a los niños y a los juguetes. El universo de la muestra lo constituyen 595 anuncios de juguetes emitidos en los canales de televisión: TVE1, TVE2, Telecinco, Antena 3, Cuatro, La Sexta, Boing y Disney Channel durante tres periodos de tiempo: Navidades de 2009, 2010 y 2011. Se ha escogido la Navidad ya que durante este periodo se emiten la gran mayoría de los anuncios de juguetes. Los resultados demuestran que, aunque hay paridad en la representación de género en la publicidad infantil de la muestra analizada, existen claras diferencias en las tipologías de los juguetes más anunciados. La publicidad de figuras de acción alberga mayor porcentaje de personajes masculinos asociados a valores como competencia, individualismo, habilidad y desarrollo físico, creatividad, poder y fuerza. Sin embargo, los anuncios de muñecas tiene mayor porcentaje de personajes infantiles femeninos y estos se asocian a los valores belleza y maternidad.
Differential Involvement of Th1 and Th17 in Pathogenic Autoimmune Processes Triggered by Different TLR Ligands
Authors: Shi Guangpu , Vistica Barbara P. , Nugent Lindsey F. , Tan Cuiyan , Wawrousek Eric F. , Klinman Dennis M. , Gery Igal 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The interaction between TLRs and their cognate ligands triggers both the innate and adaptive immune systems, and thus can play a pivotal role in the defense against pathogen invasion. This work investigates the differentiation of naive CD4 cells into Th1 or Th17 phenotypes in mice treated with different TLR ligands. We use a model system in which naive transgenic cells specific to hen egg lysozyme are adoptively transferred into recipients that express hen egg lysozyme in the lens of the eye. The transferred naive T cells induce ocular inflammation only in recipients treated with TLR ligands. Treatment with LPS preferentially stimulated IL-17 production, whereas CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid primarily stimulated Th1 cells. Peptidoglycan stimulated the two Th subpopulations equally. The preferential induction of Th1 or Th17 by the four ligands was detected in the spleen (where a major portion of the adoptively transferred cells homed) and in the eyes, where activated Th cells initiate inflammation. Analysis of the cytokines present in recipient mice suggests that Th1 induction is elicited by IL-12 and/or IFN-α, whereas Th17 generation is preferentially mediated by IL-6. Importantly, we show in this article that treatment with LPS selectively promoted in the recipient mice the generation of IL-6–producing activated B cells. An inverse correlation was found between the level of regulatory T cells and severity of inflammation induced by the donor cells. Taken together, our data show that specific TLR ligands differentially activate the immune system as evidenced by the generation of distinct Th phenotypes from naive CD4 cells.