bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioorthogonal Chemical Handle for Tracking Multifunctional Nanoparticles
Authors: Goonewardena Sascha N. , Zong Hong , Leroueil Pascale R. , Baker James R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanoparticle technologies have tremendous potential in clinical medicine. To fully realize this potential, one must further understand how nanoparticles interact with biological systems. Typically, reporters that are conjugated to nanoparticles during synthesis are used to monitor the nanoparticles in biological systems. Unfortunately, conjugating reporters to nanoparticles complicates the synthesis and the reporter itself may alter the nanoparticle properties. To address these challenges, a copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition strategy has been developed to functionalize nanoparticles with fluorescent reporters after they have been delivered to biological systems. Using polyamidoamine dendrimers as model nanoparticles, the utility of this strategy is shown in several biological systems including a cancer cell model, primary immune cells, and a murine model of inflammation. This reporter strategy simplifies the synthesis without sacrificing the ability to monitor the nanoparticle conjugates. It is expected that this bioorthogonal reporter strategy can be used to understand nanoparticle interactions in biological systems, which will facilitate the translation of these technologies to the clinics.
Acid‐Induced Degradation and Ancillary Ligand Replacement of Biscyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes
Authors: Zhou Yuyang , Li Wanfei , Liu Yang , Zhou Ming 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThree biscyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with three different ancillary ligands have been investigated with respect to the final products of acid‐induced transformation in coordinating or non‐coordinating solvents. All of these complexes, represented as [Ir(LC^N)2LO^O] and [Ir(LC^N)2LN^O], are susceptible to acid attack, followed by the departure of the ancillary ligand, LO^O or LN^O. Depending on the coordinating ability of the solvent molecule and whether or not a coordinating anion exists, the final product will be either a solvento complex or a dichloro‐bridged iridium(III) dimer. Although coexistence of the solvento complex and dichloro‐bridged iridium(III) dimer was observed under certain conditions, the conversion of the solvento complex into the dichloro‐bridged iridium(III) dimer has been proven.
The Predictive Content of Commodity Futures
Authors: Chinn Menzie D. , Coibion Olivier 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examines the predictive content of futures prices for energy, agricultural, precious and base metal commodities. In particular, we examine whether futures prices are (1) unbiased and/or (2) accurate predictors of subsequent prices. We document significant differences both across and within commodity groups. Precious and base metals fail most tests of unbiasedness and are poor predictors of subsequent price changes but energy and agricultural futures fare much better. We find little evidence that these differences reflect liquidity conditions across markets. In addition, we document a broad decline in the predictive content of commodity futures prices since the early 2000s. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:607–636, 2014
African Ancestry is a Risk Factor for Asthma and High Total IgE Levels in African Admixed Populations
Authors: Vergara Candelaria , Murray Tanda , Rafaels Nicholas , Lewis Rachel , Campbell Monica , Foster Cassandra , Gao Li , Faruque Mezbah , Oliveira Ricardo Riccio , Carvalho Edgar , Araujo Maria Ilma , Cruz Alvaro A. , Watson Harold , Mercado Dilia , Knight‐Madden Jennifer , Ruczinski Ingo , Dunston Georgia , Ford Jean , Caraballo Luis , Beaty Terri H. , Mathias Rasika A. , Barnes Kathleen C. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCharacterization of genetic admixture of populations in the Americas and the Caribbean is of interest for anthropological, epidemiological, and historical reasons. Asthma has a higher prevalence and is more severe in populations with a high African component. Association of African ancestry with asthma has been demonstrated. We estimated admixture proportions of samples from six trihybrid populations of African descent and determined the relationship between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 237 ancestry informative markers in asthmatics and nonasthmatic controls from Barbados (190/277), Jamaica (177/529), Brazil (40/220), Colombia (508/625), African Americans from New York (207/171), and African Americans from Baltimore/Washington, D.C. (625/757). We estimated individual ancestries and evaluated genetic stratification using Structure and principal component analysis. Association of African ancestry and asthma and tIgE was evaluated by regression analysis. Mean ± SD African ancestry ranged from 0.76 ± 0.10 among Barbadians to 0.33 ± 0.13 in Colombians. The European component varied from 0.14 ± 0.05 among Jamaicans and Barbadians to 0.26 ± 0.08 among Colombians. African ancestry was associated with risk for asthma in Colombians (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, P = 0.001) Brazilians (OR = 136.5, P = 0.003), and African Americans of New York (OR: 4.7; P = 0.040). African ancestry was also associated with higher tIgE levels among Colombians (β = 1.3, P = 0.04), Barbadians (β = 3.8, P = 0.03), and Brazilians (β = 1.6, P = 0.03). Our findings indicate that African ancestry can account for, at least in part, the association between asthma and its associated trait, tIgE levels.
Micro(RNA)managing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Byrd Andrew E. , Brewer Joseph W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCellular disturbances that cause accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lead to a condition referred to as “ER stress” and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR), a signaling pathway that attempts to restore ER homeostasis. The complexity of UPR signaling can generate adaptive and apoptotic outputs, depending on the nature and duration of the ER stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding RNAs that typically repress gene expression, have recently emerged as key gene regulators of the proadaptive/proapoptotic molecular switch emanating from the ER. Importantly, select miRNAs have been shown to directly regulate key UPR components. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(5):373–381, 2013.
The chalcone 2′‐hydroxy‐4′,5′‐dimethoxychalcone activates death receptor 5 pathway and leads to apoptosis in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Yang Lina , Su Ling , Cao Congmei , Xu Linyan , Zhong Diansheng , Xu Lijia , Liu Xiangguo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNatural chalcones have been proved to inhibit cancer cells with therapeutic potential, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still largely unexplored. Here, we identified a novel chalcone, 2′‐hydroxy‐4′,5′‐dimethoxychalcone (HDMC) and demonstrated that HDMC induced apoptosis in various nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. Further study showed that HDMC elevated cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, thus inducing expressions of ATF4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Then, death receptor 5 (DR5) was upregulated through ATF4–CHOP axis and eventually resulted in apoptosis. We also found that downregulation of c‐FLIPL contributed to HDMC‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, HDMC induces apoptosis in human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells via activation of DR5 signaling pathway, and ROS‐mediated ATF4–CHOP axis is involved in the process. Our results further supported the potential for HDMC to be developed as a new antitumor agent for cancer therapy or chemoprevention. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(6):533–543, 2013
Enzymatic activity of Cydia pomonella larvae reared on diets produced with agro‐industrial hydrolyzed wastes
Authors: Gnepe Jean Robert , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal , Brar Satinder Kaur , Valéro José R. , Surampalli Rao Y. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study compared the physical‐chemical characteristics and the nutrient potential of brewery wastewater (BWW) and apple juice industry sludge referred to as pomace (POM). The use of these wastes as alternative nutrients by replacing the standard components (soya flour, wheat germ and yeast extract) allowed production of a balanced diet for rearing codling moth (CM) larvae.RESULTSThe hydrolysis pretreatment (100 °C/30 min) contributed to enhancing the nutritive potential (almost 600%) and improved the viscosity (decreased from 770.5 to 435 mPa s for BWW and from 460 to 383 mPa s for POM) of the waste. The BWWH+SF diet supplied higher assimilated nutrients (2.071 mg proteins, 2.274 mg carbohydrates and 0.974 mg lipids) showing higher breeding efficiency (93% hatching, 85% larvae, 76% cocoon and 70% adults). Furthermore, the results of the larvae breeding on BWWH+SF diet was the best which for the enzymatic activity (59.7 UI mL‐1 protease, 2.9 mg L−1 amylase and 1.93 U mg−1 lipase), consumption rates of proteins (451.79 mg kg−1), carbohydrates (396.43 mg kg−1) and lipids (91.07 mg kg−1) consumed on these diets.CONCLUSIONSBWWH+SF was the best diet with respect to enzymatic activity, consumption of nutrients and larval breeding efficiency compared with POMH+SF and the standard diet. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Nitrite as oxidizing power for p‐cresol removal using a denitrifying sludge: kinetic study
Authors: González‐Blanco Gehovana , Cuervo‐López Flor , Cervantes Francisco J. , Beristain‐Cardoso Ricardo , Gómez Jorge 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundChemical plants, oil refineries and petrochemical plants discharge wastewaters polluted with phenolic and nitrogen compounds. Denitrification is an economical and feasible process, however, metabolic and kinetic information is required in order to know and to control the limitations involved when nitrite is present or accumulated. The goal of this study was to study the kinetic behavior of a denitrifying sludge and to reduce nitrite at several p‐cresol‐C (p‐Cr) concentrations.ResultsOver the 10 to 45 mg p‐Cr L−1 concentration range tested, nitrite reduction was linked to p‐Cr oxidation and the specific rate increased to 7.02 mg NO2−‐N g−1 VSS h, with CO2 and N2 the products. At higher initial p‐Cr concentrations, inhibition was observed, diminishing the specific rate to 1.60 mg NO2−‐N g−1 VSS h. Electron balance showed that p‐Cr consumption was carried out by two biological processes; denitrification and fermentation. The kinetic profile followed the Haldane model, with inhibition constant (Ki) of 35.75 mg p‐Cr L−1, affinity constant (Ks) of 20.32 mg p‐Cr L−1 and maximum specific nitrite reduction (qmax) of 9.48 mg NO2−‐N g−1 VSS h.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that p‐cresol can be removed by denitrification and fermentation. Kinetic information should be considered for designing and operating denitrifying reactors to treat industrial wastewaters containing phenolic compounds and nitrite. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Action research in radiography: What it is and how it can be conducted
Authors: Munn Zachary , Pearson Alan , Jordan Zoe , Murphy Frederick , Pilkington Diana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAction research is a form of research that investigates and describes a social or work situation with the aim of achieving a change which results in improvement. This article emphasizes the potential for action research to be a useful research method in radiography. A search was conducted to determine the extent to which action research has been utilized in radiography. Although action research has been used in a number of health‐care settings, there are no published examples of action research being utilized in a clinical medical imaging department. Action research is discussed in detail, along with an example guide for an action research study. Action research has been identified as a useful way to affect change, to involve radiographers in the research process, and to introduce evidence‐based practice to radiography.
The confounding effect of cryptic relatedness for environmental risks of systolic blood pressure on cohort studies
Authors: Shibata Kyoko , Hozawa Atsushi , Tamiya Gen , Ueki Masao , Nakamura Tomohiro , Narimatsu Hiroto , Kubota Isao , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kato Takeo , Yamashita Hidetoshi , Fukao Akira , Kayama Takamasa ,   Yamagata University Genomic Cohort Consortium
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe impact of cryptic relatedness (CR) on genomic association studies is well studied and known to inflate false‐positive rates as reported by several groups. In contrast, conventional epidemiological studies for environmental risks, the confounding effect of CR is still uninvestigated. In this study, we investigated the confounding effect of unadjusted CR among a rural cohort in the relationship between environmental risk factors (body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption) and systolic blood pressure. We applied the methods of population‐based whole‐genome association studies for the analysis of the genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data in 1622 subjects, and detected 20.2% CR in this cohort population. In the case of the sample size, approximately 1000, the ratio of CR to the population was 20.2%, the population prevalence 25%, the prevalence in the CR 26%, heritability for liability 14.3% and prevalence in the subpopulation without CR 26%, the difference of estimated regression coefficient between samples with and without CR was not significant (P‐value = 0.55). On the other hand, in another case with approximately >20% heritability for liability, we showed that confounding due to CR biased the estimation of exposure effects.
Crystal structures of Klebsiella pneumoniae pantothenate kinase in complex with N‐substituted pantothenamides
Authors: Li Buren , Tempel Wolfram , Smil David , Bolshan Yuri , Schapira Matthieu , Park Hee‐Won 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTN‐Substituted pantothenamides are derivatives of pantothenate, the precursor in the biosynthesis of the essential metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (CoA). These compounds are substrates of pantothenate kinase (PanK) in the first step of CoA biosynthesis and possess antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic bacteria. Here we solved the crystal structure of the Klebsiella pneumoniae PanK (KpPanK) in complex with N‐pentylpantothenamide (N5‐Pan) to understand the molecular basis of its antimicrobial activity. The structure reveals a polar pocket interacting with the pantothenate moiety of N5‐Pan and an aromatic pocket loosely protecting the pentyl tail, suggesting that the introduction of an aromatic ring to a new pantothenamide may enhance the compound's affinity to KpPanK. To test this idea, we synthesized N‐pyridin‐3‐ylmethylpantothenamide (Np‐Pan) and solved its co‐crystal structure with KpPanK. The structure reveals two alternat conformations of the aromatic ring of Np‐Pan bound at the aromatic pocket, providing the basis for further improvement of pantothenamide binding to KpPanK. Proteins 2013; 81:1466–1472. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structure of the invertebrate bifunctional purine biosynthesis enzyme PAICS at 2.8 Å resolution
Authors: Taschner Michael , Basquin Jérôme , Benda Christian , Lorentzen Esben 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTwo important steps of the de novo purine biosynthesis pathway are catalyzed by the 5‐aminoimidazole ribonucleotide carboxylase and the 4‐(N‐succinylcarboxamide)‐5‐aminoimidazole ribonucleotide synthetase enzymes. In most eukaryotic organisms, these two activities are present in the bifunctional enzyme complex known as PAICS. We have determined the 2.8‐Å resolution crystal structure of the 350‐kDa invertebrate PAICS from insect cells (Trichoplusia ni) using single‐wavelength anomalous dispersion methods. Comparison of insect PAICS to human and prokaryotic homologs provides insights into substrate binding and reveals a highly conserved enzymatic framework across divergent species. Proteins 2013; 81:1473–1478. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A jamming‐attack‐defending data forwarding scheme based on channel surfing in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Ghosal Amrita , Bit Sipra Das 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are susceptible to various attacks, and these attacks pose a major threat to the normal functioning of WSNs. Jamming is one such attack, which affects network operations by blocking frequencies. Hence, the need of defending such attack is of utmost importance. This paper proposes three variants of a data forwarding scheme using multi‐level multi‐tier architecture, which employs judicious surfing of a pair of channels to defend jamming attack in WSNs. Variant I defends the attack at the cost of an affordable delay. Improvement of the scheme in minimizing data transmission time is made in variant II. Further improvement in transmission time is made in variant III and is made more realistic by introducing sensing capability at all tiers, thereby increasing network coverage. Simulation is performed to establish each of the successor's variant's improvement over its predecessor. The performance of the scheme in terms of area coverage, packet delivery ratio, and control message overhead is compared with an existing jamming‐defending scheme for infrastructure‐based wireless network. Finally, comparison results establish that although the proposed scheme is equivalent to its infrastructure‐based counterpart in terms of coverage, it provides a more lightweight solution and maintains improved performance in terms of packet delivery ratio. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kran‐ und Baumaschinenmuseum: Von der Idee zur Wirklichkeit
Authors: Moeller Dirk P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit der Planung der vorliegenden Ausgabe nahm der Chefredakteur von STAHLBAU, Dr.‐Ing. Karl‐Eugen Kurrer, Kontakt mit der AG Kran‐ und Baumaschinenmuseum e.V. auf und bat Herrn Dirk P. Moeller um eine Schilderung der Entstehungsgeschichte des Kran‐ und Baumaschinenmuseums (KBM) aus persönlicher Sicht.
-recurrence in skew products
Authors: CHAIKA JON , RALSTON DAVID 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe rate of recurrence to measurable subsets in a conservative, ergodic infinite-measure-preserving system is quantified by generic divergence or convergence of certain sums given by a function $\omega (n)$. In the context of skew products over transformations of a probability space, we relate this notion to the more frequently studied question of the growth rate of ergodic sums (including Lyapunov exponents). We study in particular skew products over an irrational rotation given by bounded variation $ \mathbb{Z} $-valued functions: first the generic situation is studied and recurrence quantified, and then certain specific skew products over rotations are shown to violate this generic rate of recurrence.
Attractive regular stochastic chains: perfect simulation and phase transition
Authors: GALLO SANDRO , TAKAHASHI DANIEL Y. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe prove that uniqueness of the stationary chain, or equivalently, of the$g$-measure, compatible with an attractive regular probability kernel is equivalent to either one of the following two assertions for this chain: (1) it is a finitary coding of an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) process with countable alphabet; (2) the concentration of measure holds at exponential rate. We show in particular that if a stationary chain is uniquely defined by a kernel that is continuous and attractive, then this chain can be sampled using a coupling-from-the-past algorithm. For the original Bramson–Kalikow model we further prove that there exists a unique compatible chain if and only if the chain is a finitary coding of a finite alphabet i.i.d. process. Finally, we obtain some partial results on conditions for phase transition for general chains of infinite order.
Frontier as Resource: Law, Crime, and Sovereignty on the Margins of Empire
Authors: Beverley Eric Lewis 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNineteenth-century European colonialism produced a textured and uneven legal terrain rather than homogeneous imperial units. The fragmentation of sovereignty between empires and subordinated states created frontier zones that unsettled the workings of governance. This article views the developing landscape of power in high colonial South Asia from the loosely controlled frontier zone between Hyderabad, a Princely State ruled by sovereign Muslim dynasts titled Nizams, and the Bombay Presidency, part of Britain's Indian Empire, or Raj. I argue that the heterogeneous legal terrain along the border was a useful resource for administrators and subjects. State officials of both Hyderabad and Bombay justified various projects there; subjects of the two states shopped forums in a legal pluralist environment; and populations on either side of the border whose livelihoods and political agendas ran afoul of social pressures or the economic and cultural imperatives of state projects fled there from adversity. I examine cases of alleged cattle rustlers, bandits, and prostitutes and their engagements with police and courts to explore the political challenges and possibilities the frontier offered different groups. Colonial attempts to extend racialized policing practices across the frontier were frequently met by machinations of marginal people trying to avoid imprisonment or extricate themselves from oppressive social structures. Such figures could use the ambiguity of frontier legal authority to their advantage. The picture that emerges is one of a brute and often-arbitrary colonial power offset by alternative malleable sovereignties that resourceful subjects could play against one another.
Unique microbiology of chronically unstable canal wall down tympanomastoid cavities: considerations for surgical revision
Authors: Gluth M B , Tan B Y B , Santa Maria P L , Atlas M D 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:To review the microbiology of open tympanomastoid cavities in patients who underwent revision surgery due to chronic instability.Methods:This paper describes a retrospective chart review of surgical revision cases of chronically unstable open mastoid cavities. Patient records from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed for the type of organism cultured, antimicrobial resistance and the presence of cholesteatoma.Results:In total, 121 revision surgical procedures were performed on 101 patients. Seventy-nine procedures involved culture specimen processing, 37 of which were positive. The most commonly cultured organism wasStaphylococcus aureus,which was more than twice as common as any other pathogen. The presence of cholesteatoma had no impact on the likelihood of a positive culture or polymicrobial culture. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens were uncommon.Conclusion:A positive culture was not an overwhelmingly common characteristic of unstable tympanomastoid cavities. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance did not appear to play an essential role in leading patients towards revision open mastoid surgery.
On the excitation of higher harmonic electrostatic dust cyclotron waves
Authors: ROSENBERG M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn a magnetized plasma containing charged dust whose motion is magnetized, one of the fundamental collective modes that could occur is the electrostatic dust cyclotron (EDC) wave with frequency near the dust cyclotron frequency. The EDC wave propagates nearly perpendicular to the magnetic field with a small parallel wave number, so that it can be driven unstable by ion flow along the magnetic field. Because unstable parallel wavelengths can be relatively large, this places constraints on the plasma device size. In this paper, we use linear kinetic theory to investigate the excitation of higher harmonic EDC waves that have wavelengths smaller than that of the fundamental mode. Collisions of charged particles with neutrals and Coulomb collisions including dust–dust collisions are taken into account. Constraints on possible parameter ranges arising from collisional effects or from requiring stability of other waves are discussed. Numerical results are presented for possible sets of laboratory dusty plasma parameters.