bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VERB™ Summer Scorecard: Increasing Tween Girls' Vigorous Physical Activity
Authors: Alfonso Moya L. , Thompson Zachary , McDermott Robert J. , Colquitt Gavin , Jones Jeffery A. , Bryant Carol A. , Courtney Anita H. , Davis Jenna L. , Zhu Yiliang 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVEWe assessed changes in the frequency of self‐reported physical activity (PA) among tween girls exposed and not exposed to the VERB™ Summer Scorecard (VSS) intervention in Lexington, Kentucky, during 2004, 2006, and 2007.METHODSGirls who reported 0‐1 day per week of PA were classified as having little or no PA. Girls who reported 2‐3 days of PA were classified as low PA performers; 4‐5 days of PA were labeled as moderate performers; and 6‐7 days of PA were identified as high performers. Logit regression analysis of survey data from girls identified trends in PA frequency across time.RESULTSIn 2004, participant girls were more likely than girls unfamiliar with VSS (reference group girls) to report high frequency of PA (OR = 1.44, CI = 1.18, 1.70). In 2006, participants were statistically less likely than reference group girls to report low frequency of PA (OR = 1.75, CI = 1.33, 2.21). In 2007, VSS participants were consistently more likely to report moderate frequency (OR = 1.56, CI = 1.35, 1.77) and high frequency of PA (OR = 1.44, CI = 1.24, 1.64) than reference group girls.CONCLUSIONAn innovative, community‐driven intervention demonstrated promise for increasing PA among tween girls. VSS may have transportability to other communities to help reverse the secular trend of declining PA for this population segment.
Risk Factors Associated with Primary and Secondary Reduced Libido in Male Patients with Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Rastrelli Giulia , Ricca Valdo , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Vignozzi Linda , Monami Matteo , Sforza Alessandra , Forti Gianni , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hypoactive sexual desire is defined as a persistent or recurrent deficient or absent sexual fantasies or desire for sexual activity that should not be comorbid with other medical conditions or with the use of psychoactive medications. Reduced libido is a symptom referring more to a reduction in sexual drive for sexual activity.

Aim
To investigate the risk factors of primary reduced libido (i.e., not associated with conditions causing loss of libido such as hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia, psychopathology, and/or psychoactive medications) or secondary reduced libido (i.e., with aforementioned conditions) in male patients with sexual dysfunction.

Method
A consecutive series of 3,714 men (mean age 53.2 ± 12.5 years) was retrospectively studied.

Main Outcome Measures
Patient's reduced libido was evaluated using question #14 of structured interview for erectile dysfunction (SIEDY) (“Did you have more or less desire to make love in the last 3 months?”).

Results
Reduced libido was comorbid with erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and delayed ejaculation in 38%, 28.2%, and 50%, respectively, whereas it was isolated in 5.1%. Reduced libido prevalence was substantially increased by hypogonadism, almost doubled by psychopathology and universally present in subjects with hyperprolactinemia (secondary reduced libido). Subjects with primary reduced libido are characterized by higher postschool qualification, more disturbances in domestic and dyadic relationships, and an overall healthy body (lower glycemia and triglyceride levels). Accordingly, in patients with primary reduced libido, the risk of major cardiovascular events as calculated with the Progetto Cuore algorithm was lower than in the rest of the sample. Features of hypogonadism- or psychopathology-associated reduced libido essentially reflect their underlying conditions. Comorbidity with other sexual dysfunctions did not affect the main characteristics of primary or secondary reduced libido.

Conclusions
Primary and secondary reduced libido have different risk factors and clinical characteristics. Recognizing primary or secondary reduced libido will help clinicians to identify comorbidities and to tailor appropriate treatments.
Genital Abnormalities in Early Childhood in Sexual Homicide Perpetrators
Authors: Rettenberger Martin , Hill Andreas , Dekker Arne , Berner Wolfgang , Briken Peer 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The present study investigates the relevance of genital abnormalities (GA) like cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and phimosis usually diagnosed in early childhood for the development of psychosexual problems and deficits in a sample of N = 163 convicted sexual homicide perpetrators.

Aims
The first aim was to investigate the prevalence of early childhood GA in a sample of sexual homicide perpetrators. The second was to explore differences in the psychosexual development of participants with GA in early childhood compared with those without GA. It was expected that offenders with GA show specific problems in their psychosexual development compared with offenders without GA.

Methods
The data for the present study were obtained by reanalyzing an existing database derived from a large-scale research project about sexual homicide. Using a predominantly exploratory design we, therefore, divided the total sample into two subgroups (with vs. without indicators of GA).

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures were the number of sexual homicide perpetrators showing GA in early childhood and the differences of subjects with and without GA with regard to their psychosexual development (i.e., according to sexual deviant interests or sexual dysfunctions).

Results
The prevalence of GA is substantially higher in this sample than epidemiological studies indicated in the normal population. This result provided first support for the importance of GA in the population of sexual homicide perpetrators. Further analyses indicate significant differences between both subgroups: Offenders with GA in early childhood showed indicators for more sexual dysfunctions (e.g., erectile dysfunction) in adulthood and a distinct tendency of more masochistic sexual interests.

Conclusion
Even if the exploratory design of the present investigation allows no causal conclusions between GA and sexual homicide offenses, the result provided support for the relevance of early childhood sexual diseases in the assessment (and treatment) of offenders who have committed severe sexual violence.
Effects of Endopeptidase Inhibition on the Contraction–Relaxation Response of Isolated Human Vaginal Tissue
Authors: Rahardjo Harrina E. , Ückert Stefan , Taher Akmal , Sonnenberg Joachim E. , Kauffels Wolfgang , Rahardjo Djoko , Kuczyk Markus A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Vasoactive peptides, such as bradykinin, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and endothelin 1 (ET-1), are assumed to be involved in the control of female genital vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle. Tissue levels of said peptides are controlled by the activity of endopeptidase enzymes. Theoretically, in female genital tissues, inhibiting the degradation of bradykinin, CNP, and VIP, or the conversion of Big ET-1 into ET-1 should result in an enhancement in smooth muscle relaxation and, thus, an improvement in sexual response.

Aim
Elucidate the effects of the endopeptidase inhibitor KC 12615 on the contraction/relaxation response of isolated human vaginal smooth muscle to Big ET-1, bradykinin, CNP, or VIP.

Methods
Tissue bath experiments were carried out to ascertain the responses of human vaginal tissue challenged by ET-1 (0.1 μM) to increasing concentrations of bradykinin, CNP, and VIP (0.01 μM, 0.1 μM, and 1 μM, respectively). The effects were also evaluated following preexposure to KC 12615 (10 μM, for 20 minutes).

Main Outcome Measures
Measure the effects of KC 12615 on the relaxation of isolated human vaginal smooth muscle brought about by bradykinin, CNP, or VIP and the contraction mediated by Big ET-1.

Results
The tension induced by ET-1 was reversed by bradykinin, CNP, or VIP (−25 ± 6.6%, −13.3 ± 2.2%, and −17.6 ± 10%, respectively). Big ET-1 induced contraction of the vaginal tissue. Preexposure of the tissue to KC 12615 increased the relaxation exerted by bradykinin, CNP, or VIP (to −39.2 ± 5.8%, −40.7 ± 7.3%, and −44.6 ± 19%, respectively). The contraction induced by Big ET-1 was attenuated in the presence of KC 12615 (to approximately 25% of the initial response).

Conclusion
Inhibition of endopeptidase activity can antagonize the contraction of human vaginal tissue induced by Big ET-1 and increase the relaxation induced by vasoactive endogenous peptides.
Hydrogen sulfide: environmental factor or signalling molecule?
Authors: LISJAK MIROSLAV , TEKLIC TIHANA , WILSON IAN D. , WHITEMAN MATTHEW , HANCOCK JOHN T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has traditionally been thought of as a phytotoxin, having deleterious effects on the plant growth and survival. It is now recognized that plants have enzymes which generate H2S, cysteine desulfhydrase, and remove it, O‐acetylserine lyase. Therefore, it has been suggested that H2S is considered as a signalling molecule, alongside small reactive compounds such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO). Exposure of plants to low of H2S, for example from H2S donors, is revealing that many physiological effects are seen. H2S seems to have effects on stomatal apertures. Intracellular effects include increases in glutathione levels, alterations of enzyme activities and influences on NO and H2O2 metabolism. Work in animals has shown that H2S may have direct effects on thiol modifications of cysteine groups, work that will no doubt inform future studies in plants. It appears therefore, that instead of thinking of H2S as a phytotoxin, it needs to be considered as a signalling molecule that interacts with reactive oxygen species and NO metabolism, as well as having direct effects on the activity of proteins. The future may see H2S being used to modulate plant physiology in the field or to protect crops from postharvest spoilage.
Oxidative Stress During Pregnancy In The Sheep
Authors: Mutinati M , Piccinno M , Roncetti M , Campanile D , Rizzo A , Sciorsci RL 
Published: January 2013

ContentsDuring physiological pregnancy, all tissues and, mostly, placenta and foetus require high amounts of oxygen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated both by mother and foetus, are implicated in foetal growth because they promote replication, differentiation and maturation of cells and organs. Nevertheless, ROS excess, if not properly counterbalanced, may lead to an alteration in cell constituents, with harmful effects both on mother and foetus.ROS exert a biphasic effect because adequate ROS concentration is essential for embryo development, implant, foetal defence against uterine infections, steroidogenesis, pregnancy maintainance and partum. On the other hand, an uncontrolled ROS generation, beyond physiological antioxidant defences, may lead to embryo resorption, placental degeneration with subsequent alteration in maternal‐foetal exchanges, delay in foetal growth, pregnancy interruption, stillbirths. This review investigates the mechanisms underlying ROS generation and effects, throughout physiological and pathological pregnancy in sheep, with a look to antioxidants and their importance in such a critical phase of the reproductive cycle of the sheep.
A ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein secreted from a plant‐parasitic nematode Globodera rostochiensis is cleaved in planta to promote plant parasitism
Authors: Chronis Demosthenis , Chen Shiyan , Lu Shunwen , Hewezi Tarek , Carpenter Sara C.D. , Loria Rosemary , Baum Thomas J. , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: January 2013

SummaryNematode effector proteins originating from esophageal gland cells play central roles in suppressing plant defenses and in formation of the plant feeding cells that are required for growth and development of cyst nematodes. A gene (GrUBCEP12) encoding a unique ubiquitin carboxyl extension protein (UBCEP) that consists of a signal peptide for secretion, a mono‐ubiquitin domain, and a 12 amino acid carboxyl extension protein (CEP12) domain was cloned from the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis. This GrUBCEP12 gene was expressed exclusively within the nematode's dorsal esophageal gland cell, and was up‐regulated in the parasitic second‐stage juvenile, correlating with the time when feeding cell formation is initiated. We showed that specific GrUBCEP12 knockdown via RNA interference reduced nematode parasitic success, and that over‐expression of the secreted GrΔSPUBCEP12 protein in potato resulted in increased nematode susceptibility, providing direct evidence that this secreted effector is involved in plant parasitism. Using transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that GrΔSPUBCEP12 is processed into free ubiquitin and a CEP12 peptide (GrCEP12) in planta, and that GrCEP12 suppresses resistance gene‐mediated cell death. A target search showed that expression of RPN2a, a gene encoding a subunit of the 26S proteasome, was dramatically suppressed in GrΔSPUBCEP12 but not GrCEP12 over‐expression plants when compared with control plants. Together, these results suggest that, when delivered into host plant cells, GrΔSPUBCEP12 becomes two functional units, one acting to suppress plant immunity and the other potentially affecting the host 26S proteasome, to promote feeding cell formation.
HNA‐1d: a new human neutrophil antigen located on Fcγ receptor IIIb associated with neonatal immune neutropenia
Authors: Reil Angelika , Sachs Ulrich J. , Siahanidou Tania , Flesch Brigitte K. , Bux Juergen 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundNeonatal immune neutropenia (NIN) is a rare, but potentially life‐threatening, disorder caused by maternal alloantibodies recognizing paternal neutrophil antigens on fetal cells. Alloantibodies directed against the human neutrophil alloantigen system (HNA)‐1 located on Fcγ receptor IIIb (FcγRIIIb) are most frequently implicated in NIN. In this report, we describe two cases of NIN with alloantibodies against FcγRIIIb, which did not match one of the known HNA‐1a, ‐1b, or ‐1c specificities, but define a new antigen, HNA‐1d.Study Design and MethodsNeutrophil‐reactive antibodies were detected by agglutination, microscopic immunofluorescence, and monoclonal antibody (MoAb)‐specific immobilization of neutrophil antigens (MAIGA) assay. For epitope mapping of FcγRIIIb‐reactive antibodies, recombinant chimeric variants of FcγRIIIb were used in the MAIGA assay. Genotyping of FCGR3B was performed by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBoth mothers were typed FCGR3B*01+, *02–, *03+. Antibody screening revealed the presence of alloantibodies reactive with FcγRIIIb encoded by FCGR3B*02, but not with FcγRIIIb encoded by FCGR3B*03. MAIGA with recombinant, partly chimeric FcγRIIIb variants demonstrated that the antigen recognized by maternal antibodies is characterized by two amino acids, Ala78 and Asp82. Among the FCGR3B alleles, the sequence Ala78‐‐‐Asn82 is exclusively encoded by FCGR3B *02.ConclusionA previously unrecognized second antigen, HNA‐1d, is present on FcγRIIIb encoded by FCGR3B*02. This antigen is characterized by the sequence Ala78‐‐‐Asn82. It appears that only individuals carrying the HNA‐1c phenotype can form anti‐HNA‐1d alloantibodies. The HNA‐1 system now consists of four antigens encoded by three alleles.
Microparticle formation in apheresis platelets is not affected by three leukoreduction filters
Authors: Nollet Kenneth E. , Saito Shunnichi , Ono Takako , Ngoma Alain , Ohto Hitoshi 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundMicroparticles in blood components might contribute to transfusion‐related immunomodulation or other side effects. To elucidate the role of leukofiltration, we compared three commercially available filters for their effect on platelet (PLT)‐derived (PDMP), leukocyte‐derived (LDMP), and red blood cell–derived (RDMP) microparticle formation in apheresis PLTs.Study Design and MethodsApheresis PLTs from pairs of ABO‐identical male donors were pooled and divided into four volumes. One volume was stored without filtration, whereas the other three were filtered with different devices. PDMPs, LDMPs, and RDMPs were measured by flow cytometry during 2 weeks of controlled‐temperature (22°C) agitated storage.ResultsOn average, PDMPs doubled over 5 days of storage, followed by a much steeper increase by which PDMPs on Day 14 were nearly 20 times higher than on Day 0. LDMP and RDMP counts were relatively stable over 14 days. Significant differences among filtered and nonfiltered products did not emerge.ConclusionAlthough the conditions of this study showed no favorable or unfavorable effects of three different filters on microparticle formation, surveillance and investigation of unanticipated outcomes in other experimental and clinical circumstances should continue.
Sequence Conservation of the Region Targeted by the Abbott RealTime HBV Viral Load Assay in Clinical Specimens
Authors: Cloherty Gavin A. , Rhoads James , Young Thomas P. , Parkin Neil T. , Holzmayer Vera , Yuen Lilly , Mullen Carolyn 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe Abbott RealTime HBV assay targets the N-terminal region of the S gene. Here we analyzed the sequence variability of the assay target region from >2,100 clinical specimens. Thermodynamic modeling of the percentage of bound primer/probe at the assay annealing temperature was performed to assess the potential effect of sequence variability.
Congruence between preferred and actual place of death according to the presence of malignant or non-malignant disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Billingham Matthew James , Billingham Sarah-Jane 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesAchieving congruence between preferred and actual place of death is increasingly being used as a quantifiable indicator of the effectiveness of palliative care services. Current secular trends indicate a reversal of the institutionalisation of death, but this has been more pronounced in patients with malignant disease. As such, this study was conducted to evaluate whether the preservation of autonomy has been addressed equitably for cancer and non-cancer populations.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in line with recommendations from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. A comprehensive computerised search of 14 databases, supplemented by a manual review of the literature was performed for all peer-reviewed publications, from 1980 to the present, identifying rates of incongruence for cancer and/or non-cancer cohorts. Aggregation of outcomes was performed using a random effects model.ResultsA total of 26 articles were identified that met the search and inclusion criteria. A non-cancer diagnosis was found to significantly increase the incidence of incongruence with a weighted risk ratio of 1.23 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.49, p=0.04) and this disparity appears to have increased since 2004. A moderate degree of heterogeneity was noted (I2=62%).ConclusionsThese findings pose a significant challenge, as a ‘good’ death has been closely matched to achieving patients’ wishes, including preferred place of death. Despite increasing awareness that those dying from chronic non-malignant diseases have extensive palliative care needs, much is still to be done to preserve their autonomy and reduce powerlessness in the face of death.
Prehospital anaesthesia performed in a rural and suburban air ambulance service staffed by a physician and paramedic: a 16-month review of practice
Authors: Chesters Adam , Keefe Nadine , Mauger Jeremy , Lockey David 
Published: January 2013

IntroductionThis paper describes the first 16-months experience of prehospital rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in a rural and suburban helicopter-based doctor-paramedic service after the introduction of a standard operating procedure (SOP) already proven in an urban trauma environment.MethodA retrospective database review of all missions between October 2010 and January 2012 was carried out. Any RSI or intubation carried out was included, regardless of age or indication. Patients who were intubated by Ambulance Service personnel prior to the arrival of the East Anglian Air Ambulance (EAAA) team were excluded.ResultsThe team was activated 1156 times and attended 763 cases. A total of 88 RSIs occurring within the study period were identified as having been carried out by the EAAA team and meeting inclusion criteria for review. There were no failed intubations that required a rescue surgical airway or the placement of a supraglottic airway device. For road traffic collisions (RTCs), the overall on-scene time for patients who required an RSI was 40 min (range 15–72 min). For all other trauma, the average on-scene time was 48 min (range 25–77 min), and for medical patients, the average time spent at scene was 41 min (range 15–94 min).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the successful introduction of a prehospital care SOP, already tested in the urban trauma environment, to a rural and suburban air ambulance service operating a fulltime doctor-paramedic model. We have shown a zero failed intubation rate over 16 months of practice during which time over 750 missions were flown, with 11.5% of these resulting in an RSI.
Caspase-Independent Cell Death Is Involved in the Negative Effect of EGF Receptor Inhibitors on Cisplatin in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Yamaguchi Hirohito , Hsu Jennifer L. , Chen Chun-Te , Wang Ying-Nai , Hsu Ming-Chuan , Chang Shih-Shin , Du Yi , Ko How-Wen , Herbst Roy , Hung Mien-Chie 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Results of multiple clinical trials suggest that EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) exhibit negative effects on platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer with wild-type (WT) EGFR, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still uncertain. Studies that identify the mechanism of how TKIs negatively affect patients with WT EGFR are important for future development of effective strategies to target lung cancer. Thus, we returned to in vitro study to investigate and determine a possible explanation for this phenomenon.
Experimental Design: We investigated the effects of TKIs and cisplatin on caspase-independent cell death (CID) and the role of CID in the efficacy of each drug and the combination. Furthermore, we studied the mechanism by which EGFR signaling pathway is involved in CID. Finally, on the basis of the identified mechanism, we tested the combinational effects of cisplatin plus suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) or erastin on CID.
Results: We found that gefitinib inhibited cisplatin-induced CID but not caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. In WT EGFR cells, gefitinib not only inhibited CID but also failed to induce apoptosis, therefore compromising the efficacy of cisplatin. Inhibition of EGFR-ERK/AKT by gefitinib activates FOXO3a, which in turn reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-mediated CID. To overcome this, we showed that SAHA and erastin, the inducers of ROS-mediated CID, strongly enhanced the effect of cisplatin in WT EGFR cells.
Conclusion: TKI-mediated inhibition of CID plays an important role in the efficacy of chemotherapy. Moreover, FOXO3a is a key factor in the negative effects of TKI by eliminating cisplatin-induced ROS. Clin Cancer Res; 19(4); 845–54. ©2012 AACR.