bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topography-specific spindle frequency changes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Schönwald Suzana V , Carvalho Diego Z , de Santa-Helena Emerson L , Lemke Ney , L Gerhardt Günther J 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSleep spindles, as detected on scalp electroencephalography (EEG), are considered to be markers of thalamo-cortical network integrity. Since obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known cause of brain dysfunction, the aim of this study was to investigate sleep spindle frequency distribution in OSA. Seven non-OSA subjects and 21 patients with OSA (11 mild and 10 moderate) were studied. A matching pursuit procedure was used for automatic detection of fast (≥13Hz) and slow (<13Hz) spindles obtained from 30min samples of NREM sleep stage 2 taken from initial, middle and final night thirds (sections I, II and III) of frontal, central and parietal scalp regions.ResultsCompared to non-OSA subjects, Moderate OSA patients had higher central and parietal slow spindle percentage (SSP) in all night sections studied, and higher frontal SSP in sections II and III. As the night progressed, there was a reduction in central and parietal SSP, while frontal SSP remained high. Frontal slow spindle percentage in night section III predicted OSA with good accuracy, with OSA likelihood increased by 12.1%for every SSP unit increase (OR 1.121, 95% CI 1.013 - 1.239, p=0.027).ConclusionsThese results are consistent with diffuse, predominantly frontal thalamo-cortical dysfunction during sleep in OSA, as more posterior brain regions appear to maintain some physiological spindle frequency modulation across the night. Displaying changes in an opposite direction to what is expected from the aging process itself, spindle frequency appears to be informative in OSA even with small sample sizes, and to represent a sensitive electrophysiological marker of brain dysfunction in OSA.
Expression and significance of the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway in ovarian epithelial cancers
Authors: Kim Ki Hyung , Jo Moo Sung , Suh Dong Soo , Yoon Man Soo , Shin Dong Hun , Lee Jeong Hee , Choi Kyung Un 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that constitutes a major part of the innate immune system. The TLR4/(Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling pathway has been shown to have oncogenic effects.

Methods
To demonstrate the role of TLR4/MyD88 signaling in ovarian epithelial cancers (OECs), we examined the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) in OECs. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the relationships between these and clinicopathologic features in 123 cases of OECs were also analyzed.

Results
The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in OECs was observed in 46.3% (57/123), 36.6% (45/123) and 65% (80/123) of OEC cases, respectively. The TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB expressions were associated with the histologic type of OECs, particularly with the clear cell type of OEC. There was no significant correlation between TLR4 or NF-κB expression and histologic grade, tumor size, mitotic count, FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage, disease recurrence. However, there was a significant correlation between MyD88 expression and FIGO stage, disease recurrence as well as histologic type. In univariate analysis, the expression of TLR4 and MyD88, and the coexpression of TLR4/MyD88 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB had a significant impact on the survival of patients with OECs. Only MyD88 expression had an independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway is associated with the survival of patients with OECs, and that MyD88 is an independent prognostic predictor in patients with OECs. The TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway may be a mechanism responsible for poor prognosis in patients with clear cell type of OEC.
Missense mutations in ITPR1 cause autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia
Authors: Huang Lijia , Warman-Chardon Jodi , Carter Melissa T , Friend Kathie L , Dudding Tracy E , Schwartzentruber Jeremy , Zou Ruobing , Schofield Peter W , Douglas Stuart , Bulman Dennis E , Boycott Kym M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Background
Congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia is characterized by early gross motor delay, hypotonia, gait ataxia, mild dysarthria and dysmetria. The clinical presentation remains fairly stable and may be associated with cerebellar atrophy. To date, only a few families with autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia have been reported. Linkage to 3pter was demonstrated in one large Australian family and this locus was designated spinocerebellar ataxia type 29. The objective of this study is to describe an unreported Canadian family with autosomal dominant congenital nonprogressive spinocerebellar ataxia and to identify the underlying genetic causes in this family and the original Australian family.

Methods and Results
Exome sequencing was performed for the Australian family, resulting in the identification of a heterozygous mutation in the ITPR1 gene. For the Canadian family, genotyping with microsatellite markers and Sanger sequencing of ITPR1 gene were performed; a heterozygous missense mutation in ITPR1 was identified.

Conclusions
ITPR1 encodes inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1, a ligand-gated ion channel that mediates calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Deletions of ITPR1 are known to cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, a distinct and very slowly progressive form of cerebellar ataxia with onset in adulthood. Our study demonstrates for the first time that, in addition to spinocerebellar ataxia type 15, alteration of ITPR1 function can cause a distinct congenital nonprogressive ataxia; highlighting important clinical heterogeneity associated with the ITPR1 gene and a significant role of the ITPR1-related pathway in the development and maintenance of the normal functions of the cerebellum.
Association of IL-10, IL-4, and IL-28B gene polymorphisms with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in a population from Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Ramos Juliene Antonio , Silva Rosane , Hoffmann Luísa , Ramos Ana Lucia Araújo , Cabello Pedro Hernan , Ürményi Turán Péter , Villella-Nogueira Cristiane Alves , Lewis-Ximenez Lia , Rondinelli Edson 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune response. In hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cytokine levels may influence the outcome of acute HCV infection. Polymorphisms in cytokine genes have been associated to different expression levels in response to infection. This study was carried out to investigate the association of several cytokine gene polymorphisms with disease outcome in HCV-infected patients.FindingsPatients with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection were included in a cross-sectional study. A comparative analysis was performed between the groups regarding frequency distribution of the following cytokines’ gene polymorphisms: IL-10 (−1082 A/G; -819 T/C; -592 A/C), IL-4 (+33C/T), IFN-γ (+874 T/A), TNF-α (−238 G/A and −308 G/A) and IL-28B (rs12979860 C/T and rs8099917 T/G). Results: Eighteen patients with spontaneous viral clearance and 161 with chronic HCV infection were included. In the comparative analysis, the GG genotype of the IL-10 polymorphism -1082A/G was more frequent in patients with spontaneous viral clearance when compared to patients with chronic HCV (41.2% vs 6.2%; p = 0.001). This association was also found for the CC genotype of the IL-4 polymorphism +33C/T (72.2% vs 36.7%; p = 0.017) and the CC and TT genotypes of the IL-28B polymorphisms rs 12979860 and rs 8099917 (88.9% vs 30.3%; p < 0.001 and 88.9% vs 49.6%; p = 0.002). The IL10 (A-1082 G) and IL-28B (Crs12979860T) gene polymorphisms showed odds ratios of 12.848 and 11.077, respectively, and thus may have a greater influence on HCV spontaneous viral clearance. The IFN-γ (+874 T/A), TNF-α (−238 G/A and −308 G/A) polymorphisms did not show significant association with spontaneous viral clearance or chronicity.ConclusionThe G allele for IL-10 (−1082 A/G), the C allele for IL-4 (+3 C/T) and the C and T alleles for IL-28B (rs12979860 and rs8099917, respectively) are associated with spontaneous viral clearance in hepatitis C infection.
Comparative effects on glucose absorption of intragastric and post-pyloric nutrient delivery in the critically ill
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Anna E , Chapman Marianne J , V Zaknic Antony , Summers Matthew J , Jones Karen L , Nguyen Nam Q , Rayner Christopher K , Horowitz Michael , Deane Adam M 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Studies in the critically ill that evaluate intragastric and post-pyloric delivery of nutrient have yielded conflicting data. A limitation of these studies is that the influence in the route of feeding on glucose absorption and glycaemia has not been determined.

Methods
In 68 mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, liquid nutrient (100 ml; 1 kcal/ml containing 3 g of 3-O-Methyl-D-glucopyranose (3-OMG), as a marker of glucose absorption), was infused into either the stomach (n = 24) or small intestine (n = 44) over six minutes. Blood glucose and serum 3-OMG concentrations were measured at regular intervals for 240 minutes and the area under the curves (AUCs) calculated for 'early' (AUC60) and 'overall' (AUC240) time periods. Data are presented as mean (95% confidence intervals).

Results
Glucose absorption was initially more rapid following post-pyloric, when compared with intragastric, feeding (3-OMG AUC60: intragastric 7.3 (4.3, 10.2) vs. post-pyloric 12.5 (10.1, 14.8) mmol/l.min; P = 0.008); however, 'overall' glucose absorption was similar (AUC240: 49.1 (34.8, 63.5) vs. 56.6 (48.9, 64.3) mmol/l.min; P = 0.31). Post-pyloric administration of nutrients was also associated with greater increases in blood glucose concentrations in the 'early' period (AUC60: 472 (425, 519) vs. 534 (501, 569) mmol/l.min; P = 0.03), but 'overall' glycaemia was also similar (AUC240: 1,875 (1,674, 2,075) vs. 1,898 (1,755, 2,041) mmol/l.min; P = 0.85).

Conclusions
In the critically ill, glucose absorption was similar whether nutrient was administered via a gastric or post-pyloric catheter. These data may have implications for the perceived benefit of post-pyloric feeding on nutritional outcomes and warrant further investigation.
Structure of the Ca2+-saturated C-terminal domain of scallop troponin C in complex with a troponin I fragment
Authors: Kato Yusuke S. , Yumoto Fumiaki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Miyakawa Takuya , Miyauchi Yumiko , Takeshita Daijiro , Sawano Yoriko , Ojima Takao , Ohtsuki Iwao , Tanokura Masaru 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Troponin C (TnC) is the Ca2+-sensing subunit of troponin that triggers the contraction of striated muscles. In scallops, the striated muscles consume little ATP energy in sustaining strong contractile forces. The N-terminal domain of TnC works as the Ca2+ sensor in vertebrates, whereas scallop TnC uses the C-terminal domain as the Ca2+ sensor, suggesting that there are differences in the mechanism of the Ca2+-dependent regulation of muscles between invertebrates and vertebrates. Here, we report the crystal structure of Akazara scallop (Chlamys nipponensis akazara) adductor muscle TnC C-terminal domain (asTnCC) complexed with a short troponin I fragment (asTnIS) and Ca2+. The electron density of a Ca2+ ion is observed in only one of the two EF-hands. The EF-hands of asTnCC can only be in the fully open conformation with the assistance of asTnIS. The number of hydrogen bonds between asTnCC and asTnIS is markedly lower than the number in the vertebrate counterparts. The Ca2+ modulation on the binding between asTnCC and asTnIS is weaker, but structural change of the complex depending on Ca2+ concentration was observed. Together, these findings provide a detailed description of the distinct molecular mechanism of contractile regulation in the scallop adductor muscle from that of vertebrates.
Molecular determinants of human dipeptidyl peptidase III sensitivity to thiol modifying reagents
Authors: Karačić Zrinka , Špoljarić Jasminka , Rožman Marko , Abramić Marija 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Human dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III) is a member of the metallopeptidase family M49, involved in protein metabolism and oxidative stress response. DPP III crystal structure shows the two lobe-like domains separated by a wide cleft. The human enzyme has a total of six cysteines, three in the lower (Cys19, Cys147, and Cys176) and three in the upper (Cys509, Cys519, and Cys654), catalytic, domain containing the active-site zinc ion. To elucidate the molecular basis of this enzyme’s susceptibility to sulfhydryl reagents, biochemical analysis of a set of Cys to Ala mutants was used, supported by mass spectrometry. Cys176, a residue 44 Å apart from the catalytic center of the ligand-free enzyme, was found responsible for the inactivation with the submicromolar concentration of an organomercurial compound, and three additional cysteines contri\xadbuted to sensitivity to aromatic disulfides. Upon treatment with oxidized glutathione [glutathione disulfide (GSSG)], cysteine residues at positions 147, 176, and 654 were found glutathionylated. The mutational analysis confirmed the involvement of Cys176 and Cys654 in human DPP III inactivation by GSSG. Observation that Cys176, a residue quite distant from the active center, contributes to enzyme inactivation, indicates that the substrate-binding site of human DPP III comprises both lower and upper protein domain.
Cerebral cavernous malformation is a vascular disease associated with activated RhoA signaling
Authors: Richardson Bryan T. , Dibble Christopher F. , Borikova Asya L. , Johnson Gary L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) involves the homozygous inactivating mutations of one of three genes, ccm1, -2, or -3 resulting in hyperpermeable blood vessels in the brain. The CCM1, -2, and -3 proteins form a complex to organize the signaling networks controlling endothelial cell physiology including actin dynamics, tube formation, and adherens junctions. The common biochemical defect with the loss of CCM1, -2, or -3 is increased RhoA activity leading to the activation of Rho-associated coiled coil-forming kinase (ROCK). Inhibition of the ROCK rescues CCM endothelial cell dysfunction, suggesting that the inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signaling may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent or arrest the progression of the CCM lesions.
Effect of rapid quenching and severe plastic deformation on silver
Authors: Lussana Danilo , Castellero Alberto , Ripamonti Dario , Angella Giuliano , Vedani Maurizio , Zambon Andrea , Baricco Marcello 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Pure silver has been rapidly quenched (RQ) in ribbon form by means of planar flow casting with different cooling rates, obtained with different velocities of the cooling wheel. Ingots of pure silver have been subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) using constrained groove pressing and equal-channel angular pressing. The grain size of RQ and SPD samples has been analysed using electron microscopy, showing that the higher the solidification rate and plastic deformation, the finer the microstructure. Preferred orientations and quenched-in defect concentration have been determined from X-ray diffraction analysis, showing a correlation between density of defects and cooling rate. Higher defect concentration was found in the samples processed via SPD. Vickers hardness numbers range from 135 for SPD, 70 for RQ and 45 for annealed samples. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed multi-step coarsening of the microstructure at various temperatures for all samples.
Crystallization control in highly undercooled liquids and glasses
Authors: Perepezko John H. , Imhoff Seth D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Crystallization of highly undercooled materials either from the melt during cooling or from an amorphous phase during heating can yield novel phases with useful properties, but a reliable control of phase selection has been elusive. In bulk volumes fluxing is a common method to promote high undercooling due to nucleant removal or deactivation, but the mechanism is not defined clearly. From experiments on Au with well controlled conditions the operation of fluxing has been identified as a nucleant refining process. Moreover, structural studies have discovered that fluxing can also affect the melt structure and dynamics in multicomponent alloys. During primary nanocrystallization of amorphous Al alloys, solute substitution has a significant effect on the glass forming ability and crystallization kinetics primarily through the change in diffusion that impacts the crystal nucleation rate through transient effects.
Magnetic properties and microwave absorption properties of carbon fibers coated with FeCo alloy
Authors: Deng Xiaoyan , Qiang Chengwen 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
FeCo alloy coatings were successfully prepared on carbon fiber surfaces by means of electroplating at 25 °C for 480 s. The structures and morphologies of the composite were characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The coercivity (H
c) and saturation magnetization (H
s) of the FeCo/CF composites are 141.9 Oe and 100.5 emu · g−1. The reflectivity of FeCo/CF composites is less than–5 dB over the range of 1.1 to 5.4 GHz. The reflectivity of FeCo/CF composites is less than–10 dB over the range of 1.6–2.1 GHz. The lowest reflectivity of the FeCo/CF composites is −14.7 dB at 2.0 GHz and the corresponding thickness is 3.3 mm.
Processing and characterization of up-converting Er3+ doped (Lu0.5Y0.5)2O3 nanophosphor
Authors: Antić Željka , Krsmanović Radenka M. , Nikolić Marko G. , Đorđević Vesna , Dramićanin Miroslav D. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate visible up-conversion emission of Er3+ doped (Lu0.5Y0.5)2O3 nanophosphor and discuss possible mechanisms for pumping the upper energy levels of Er3+ ions. Polymer complex solution synthesis yields well crystalline, pure-phase cubic nanopowder with particle size in the 20–50 nm range. Red, green and blue up-conversion emission is measured under near-infrared excitation (1 540 nm), over the temperature range 10–300 K. The red/green intensity ratio indicates that the mechanism responsible for populating red up-conversion is temperature dependent. Decay times are found to be around 0.25 ms for red and green, and around 70 μs for blue emission.
Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2012
Authors: Siegel Rebecca , Naishadham Deepa , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHispanics/Latinos are the largest and fastest growing major demographic group in the United States, accounting for 16.3% (50.5 million/310 million) of the US population in 2010. In this article, the American Cancer Society updates a previous report on cancer statistics for Hispanics using incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2012, an estimated 112,800 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and 33,200 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanics. In 2009, the most recent year for which actual data are available, cancer surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics. Among US Hispanics during the past 10 years of available data (2000‐2009), cancer incidence rates declined by 1.7% per year among men and 0.3% per year among women, while cancer death rates declined by 2.3% per year in men and 1.4% per year in women. Hispanics have lower incidence and death rates than non‐Hispanic whites for all cancers combined and for the 4 most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and bronchus, and colorectum). However, Hispanics have higher incidence and mortality rates for cancers of the stomach, liver, uterine cervix, and gallbladder, reflecting greater exposure to cancer‐causing infectious agents, lower rates of screening for cervical cancer, differences in lifestyle and dietary patterns, and possibly genetic factors. Strategies for reducing cancer risk among Hispanics include increasing utilization of screening and available vaccines, as well as implementing effective interventions to reduce obesity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
La République, l'école et les élèves en difficulté ou handicapés : une histoire française
Authors: Mazereau Philippe 
Published: September 2012

À la suite de la loi de 2005 « pour l’égalité des chances et la participation sociale des personnes handicapées », l’inclusion sociale et scolaire s’impose comme nouvel objectif éducatif. Loin d’être réservée aux seuls élèves réputés handicapés, l’inclusion scolaire vise à refonder les ambitions démocratiques de l’école ; elle relève en cela d’une nouvelle rhétorique de l’égalité. Cette mutation est l’occasion de revisiter les différents référentiels de l’action publique en faveur des élèves en difficulté ou handicapés, depuis la fondation républicaine de l’école. Souvent occultée par le cloisonnement de l’action administrative, l’analyse conjointe des politiques sociales et scolaires vis-à-vis du handicap fait apparaitre des cohérences que signalent la coïncidence chronologique des grandes réformes (1975, 1989, 2005). Compte tenu de l’ampleur de la période abordée, l’article se limite à une mise en perspective, du point de vue du système scolaire, des relations complexes et contradictoires entre principes politiques, organisation scolaire et orientations pédagogiques quant à la difficulté scolaire.
Oralité, littératie et production des inégalités scolaires
Authors: Laparra Marceline , Margolinas Claire 
Published: September 2012

Dès la maternelle, certains élèves réussissent moins bien que d’autres, alors même qu’ils ne manifestent pas de « besoins particuliers » au plan langagier pour réussir dans les activités scolaires. C’est pour résoudre cet apparent paradoxe que nous introduisons des distinctions entre les connaissances relevant des univers de l’oralité et de la littératie, qui se distinguent des simples différences entre oral et écrit. La familiarisation préconisée par l’institution avec certains usages de l’écrit s’effectue sans analyse des connaissances de l’oralité et de la littératie que ces usages impliquent, et dans l’ignorance de ce que sont les pratiques effectives des familles de milieu populaire en la matière. Elle doit être remplacée par la construction d’un nombre limité de savoirs oraux et littératiens. Parler de besoins particuliers à propos de certains élèves risque d’exonérer l’école de sa responsabilité dans l’échec et de rejeter celle-ci sur les élèves et leurs familles.