bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive Review of the Use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in Treatment of Psychiatric and Headache Disorders
Authors: Altinay Murat , Estemalik Emad , Malone Donald A. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundNeurostimulation as a treatment option for refractory neuropsychiatric disorders has been increasingly utilized in recent years. For patients with such refractory disorders who have often failed to respond to various medical interventions, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising treatment modality. DBS is a reversible and adjustable form of brain stimulation (also known as functional neurosurgery) in which desired brain structures (or circuits) are given focal electric stimulation via electrodes that are implanted in the brain tissue during a surgical procedure. It has been utilized among various psychiatric and neurological illnesses, in particular headache disorders.This article reviews the most relevant data regarding DBS for psychiatric and primary headache disorders.MethodsAuthors conducted a detailed literature search of Medline/PubMed database and studies that used DBS for the treatment of refractory neuropsychiatric disorders were reviewed. Response, remission, and safety measures of these studies were obtained.ResultsDespite the advancement in DBS treatment, the number of randomized controlled studies remains very limited due to ethical and methodological difficulties of setting up invasive procedures of this magnitude. So at present, DBS represents a modality used only in the most refractory patients.ConclusionCurrent data support DBS as a promising treatment option for neuropsychiatric disorders that do not respond to conventional treatments; however, it is clear that more research and patient volume is needed to demonstrate its efficacy in treating these conditions. The use of functional imaging to understand the pathophysiology of these disorders has been crucial for the utilization of DBS.
Evaluation of the impact of urban pollution on the quality of skin: a multicentre study in Mexico
Authors: Lefebvre M.‐A. , Pham D.‐M. , Boussouira B. , Bernard D. , Camus C. , Nguyen Q.‐L. 
Published: February 2015

SynopsisObjectiveAfter pilot and preliminary studies aimed at identifying pertinent biochemical parameters, a multicenter clinical study was performed to evaluate the effect of pollution on human skin.MethodsThe clinical study was performed in collaboration with the ‘Centre Régional de lutte contre le cancer de Montpellier’ and the ‘National Institute of Public Health of Mexico’ on 96 subjects in Mexico City (exposed to pollution) and 93 subjects in Cuernavaca (less exposed to pollution). Both biochemical and clinical skin parameters were studied.ResultsThe study demonstrated significant quantitative and qualitative modifications of parameters related to sebum excretion in Mexico City compared to Cuernavaca one: An increased level of sebum excretion rate, a lower level of vitamin E and squalene in sebum, an increase of lactic acid and a higher erythematous index on the face of the subjects. In the stratum corneum, a significant higher level of carbonylated proteins and a lower level of IL 1α were noticed, as well as a decrease of ATP concentration with a decrease of chymotrysin like activity, without modifications of corneodesmosin content and trypsin like activity. From a clinical point of view, a higher frequency of atopic and urticarial skins, a higher frequency of red dermographism, an important seborrheic status at the forehead level and a lower level of dandruffs were noted in Mexico City population. The analysis taking into account the sex does not modify the observed results.ConclusionThe study demonstrated an important impact of polluted environmental conditions on skin quality, evidencing important modifications of superficial biochemical parameters. The cause/effects relationships of these modifications remain, however, to be further assessed by a complementary in vitro/in vivo approaches.
Fabrication and Characterization of Dysprosium‐Doped Bismuth Oxide Films for IT‐SOFCs via Slurry Spin Coating Technique
Authors: Ersoy Ersay , Cakar Soner , Yildiz Esra , Yilmaz Serdar , Turkoglu Orhan , Sarioz Ozlem 
Published: February 2015

The production and stabilization of the fcc‐phase Bi2O3 solid solution (δ‐DSB) in the binary system of (Bi2O3)1−x(Dy2O3)x have been investigated in the doping range of 0.10 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 by adding Dy2O3 into pure α‐Bi2O3. All δ‐DSB samples were stabilized and exhibited single δ‐phase at 800°C. Thick film solid electrolytes were produced by the spin coating method. All of the coating and sintering parameters were optimized. Crystallographic, microstructural, and electrical characterizations were made for the produced films. The highest value of conductivity was ~1–10 Scm−1 for 11–15 mol% δ‐DSB film samples. The electrical conductivity curves of samples showed regular increase.
Melanoma of the lower extremities: foot site is an independent risk factor for clinical outcome
Authors: Sanlorenzo Martina , Osella‐Abate Simona , Ribero Simone , Marenco Federica , Nardò Tiziana , Fierro Maria Teresa , Novelli Mauro , Cervetti Ornella , Bernengo Maria Grazia , Quaglino Pietro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundDespite the better prognosis of melanomas localized on lower extremities, some studies have suggested that melanomas on the foot are related to a poorer survival and should be considered separately.ObjectiveTo review our case series of cutaneous melanomas on the lower extremities and to analyze the clinicopathological association, time course, types of progression, and survival differences.MethodsWe included 1671 patients (stage 0–II) with a cutaneous melanoma on the lower extremities (subungual melanomas were excluded). Of these, 327 were localized on the foot. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate disease‐specific survival and disease‐free interval.ResultsDistribution of known prognostic factors and patterns of progression of foot and leg melanoma differ across genders. The foot site was confirmed as a negative independent prognostic factor on disease‐specific survival and disease‐free interval.ConclusionFoot melanoma could represent a particular subgroup, which could require specific management in the future.
Electrical stimulation for post‐prostatectomy urinary incontinence: is it useful when patients cannot learn muscular exercises?
Authors: Terzoni Stefano , Montanari Emanuele , Mora Cristina , Ricci Cristian , Sansotera Jessica , Micali Martina , Cossi Simona , Destrebecq Anne Lucie 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTUrinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) can be used to reduce urine leakage. Some patients have difficulty in performing PFMT, and do not obtain clinically significant results. FES might be helpful to them, but its role is unclear in the literature. To verify if FES can reduce urine leakage in patients who do not benefit from PFMT. To obtain mid‐term data regarding the persistence of the results through FES or PFMT, associated with a maintenance programme. Prospective and retrospective study (104 PFMT patients, 34 FES) using 24‐h pad‐test to quantify leakage. Rehabilitation ended when patients obtained leakage <10 g/day. Rehabilitated patients followed a maintenance PFMT programme and performed a follow‐up 24‐h pad test after 3 months; 51% (PFMT) and 32% (FES) of patients reached leakage <10 g/day. Overall, 82.3% in the PFMT group and 82.3% in the FES group reduced leakage by at least 50% through rehabilitation. No significant difference existed between the two treatments (p = 0.32). After 3 months, 51 rehabilitated patients out of 56 (PFMT) and 11 out of 11 (FES), respectively, showed persistence of the results. PFMT cannot be replaced by machines, but FES can help those who are unable to execute PFMT to strengthen their sphincter and later learn PFMT. Even those who did not achieve rehabilitation had clinically relevant results in both groups. These methods seem useful for incontinent patients after prostatectomy.
Finding what is hidden: a method to measure implicit attitudes for nursing and health‐related behaviours
Authors: Manns‐James Laura 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo discuss a research method, the Implicit Association Test, for use in nursing research. The Implicit Association Test measures implicit attitudes, which may mediate health‐related and caregiving behaviours.BackgroundImplicit attitudes are automatic and often unconscious, but may affect the behaviours of nurses and their patients. The Implicit Association Test has been used to measure implicit attitudes in fields from health care to marketing, but has seldom appeared in nursing. The Implicit Association Test is a computer‐based tool consisting of a series of categorization tasks. Implicit Association Tests are scored based on the speed of matching either words or images to categories. Assumptions of the Implicit Association Test method, its administration, psychometrics and potential use in nursing research are reviewed.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesPubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO® and Health and Psychosocial Instrument databases were searched from the Implicit Association Test's introduction in 1998–April 2013. Search terms used were ‘Implicit Association Test’ OR ‘IAT’.Implications for nursingNursing theories include attitudes as mediators of behaviour and health, but measurement has been limited to explicit attitudes. A reliable, valid and flexible tool is available to measure implicit attitudes. This tool largely circumvents self‐report bias related to socially sensitive topics.ConclusionNursing research is needed to investigate implicit attitudes held by nurses and patients when these may influence health‐related behaviours and outcomes. The Implicit Association Test can measure implicit attitudes and is suitable for adoption in nursing research.
Blood pressure control in patients with hypertension: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aydogan Umit , Doganer Yusuf C. , Atik Aslı , Rohrer James E. , Engin Gok Deniz , Cirpan Ebru , Yilmaz Mahmut I. , Saglam Kenan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesHypertension (HT) is prevalent in Turkey and even with pharmacological interventions HT control rates do not meet guideline recommendations. We aimed to estimate the proportion of hypertensive patients who achieved target blood pressure (BP) and seek to determine the predictors responsible for failure of to reach goals.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study involving patients with HT. A total of 437 patients were identified with a current diagnosis of HT at baseline. All available predictors for BP improvements were included in the multivariate linear regression model.ResultsFollow‐up data on HT goal achievements was available for 276 (63.1%) participants. Only 18.1% of the patients at the baseline visit, and 48.6% at the follow‐up visit achieved the overall SBP/DBP targets specified by the JNC‐8 guideline. Significant differences were determined by baseline and 1st visit measurements of mean SBP/DBP levels (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). DM and baseline SBP were positively associated with SBP improvement (β = 8.410, P = 0.003; β = 0.692, P < 0.001, respectively), whereas being prescribing more HT medications and being older were negatively associated with improvement (β = −7.968, P = 0.005; β = −5.707, P = 0.037; respectively). DM, baseline DBP and HT duration were positively associated with DBP improvement (β = 4.539, P = 0.012; β = 0.702, P < 0.001; β = 0.023, P = 0.012; respectively), whereas additional HT medications and GFR values were negatively associated with improvement (β = −5.682, P = 0.002; β = −0.098, P = 0.005; respectively).ConclusionsAlthough the progress in achieving in BP targets was encouraging, only half of patients had reached the HT goals. Adequate pharmacological approaches and comprehensive management strategies should be implemented in hypertensive patients.
What Should Be Held Steady in a Steady‐State Economy?: Interpreting Daly's Definition at the National Level
Authors: O'Neill Daniel W. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryWithin this article, I investigate a number of the conceptual issues that arise when attempting to translate Herman Daly's definition of a steady‐state economy (SSE) into a set of national biophysical indicators. Although Daly's definition gives a high‐level view of what would be held steady in an SSE, it also leaves many questions unanswered. How should stocks and flows be aggregated? What is the role of international trade? How should nonrenewable resources be treated? And where does natural capital fit in? To help answer these questions, I relate Daly's definition to key concepts and terminology from material and energy flow accounting. I explore topics such as aggregation, international trade, the relevance of throughput, and hidden flows. I conclude that a set of biophysical accounts for an SSE should include three types of indicators (stocks, flows, and scale), track how stocks and flows are changing over a 5‐ to 10‐year period, use aggregated data that measure the quantity of resource use (rather than its quality), measure both total and nonrenewable resource use, adopt a consumption‐based approach, include hidden flows, and exclude indicators that measure characteristics of the stock of natural capital (with the notable exception of indicators that measure the regenerative and assimilative capacities of ecosystems).
Life Cycle Assessment of a Magazine, Part I: Tablet Edition in Emerging and Mature States
Authors: Ahmadi Achachlouei Mohammad , Moberg Åsa , Hochschorner Elisabeth 
Published: February 2015

SummaryInformation and communication technology (ICT) is providing new ways to access media content. ICT has environmental benefits and burdens. The overall goal of the present study was to assess the environmental impacts of production and consumption of magazines read on tablets from a life cycle perspective. Important goals were to identify the activities giving rise to the main impacts and the key factors influencing the overall environmental impacts. Data gaps and uncertainties were also addressed. The results are compared against those for the print edition of the magazine in a separate article (part 2). The methodology used in the study was life cycle assessment. The environmental impacts assessed included climate change, cumulative energy/exergy demand, metal depletion, photochemical oxidant formation, particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater/marine eutrophication, fossil depletion, human toxicity, and ecotoxicity. The results indicate that content production can be the major contributor to environmental impacts if readers are few (as for the emerging version of the magazine studied). Assuming more readers (more mature version) or a larger file size for the tablet magazine, electronic storage and distribution may be the major contributor. Thus, in contrast to previous studies on electronic media, which reported a dominant impact of the use phase, this study found a higher impact for content production (emerging version) and electronic storage and distribution (mature version). However, with inefficient, low overall use of the tablet with a mature version of the tablet magazine, the greatest impact was shown to come from the reading activity (i.e., the use phase). In conclusion, the relative impacts of the tablet magazine would decrease considerably with high numbers of readers, their efficient use of the tablet (i.e., for many purposes over a long life of the device), and a smaller magazine file.
Coats‐like retinopathy in a Young Indian Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Liu David X. , Gilbert Margaret H. , Wang Xiaolei , Didier Peter J. , Shields Carol L. , Lackner Andrew A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA 1‐year‐old male Indian rhesus macaque presented with a bilateral blindness. Ocular examination, gross and histopathological evaluation, and immunohistochemistry were performed. The major findings were retinal telangiectasia, accumulation of exudate in the intraretinal and subretinal space, and retinal detachment. Coat‐like retinopathy was diagnosed, and it has not been previously reported in veterinary medicine.
Testing hypotheses of bat baculum function with 3D models derived from microCT
Authors: Herdina Anna Nele , Kelly Diane A. , Jahelková Helena , Lina Peter H. C. , Horáček Ivan , Metscher Brian D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe baculum (os penis) has been extensively studied as a taxon‐specific character in bats and other mammals but its mechanical function is still unclear. There is a wide consensus in the literature that the baculum is probably a sexually selected character. Using a novel approach combining postmortem manipulation and three‐dimensional (3D) imaging, we tested two functional hypotheses in the common noctule bat Nyctalus noctula, the common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus, and Nathusius’ pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii: (i) whether the baculum can protect the distal urethra and urethral opening from compression during erection and copulation; and (ii) whether the baculum and corpora cavernosa form a functional unit to support both the penile shaft and the more distal glans tip. In freshly dead or frozen and thawed bats, we compared flaccid penises with artificially ‘erect’ penises that were inflated with 10% formalin. Penises were stained with alcoholic iodine and imaged with a lab‐based high‐resolution x‐ray microtomography system. Analysis of the 3D images enabled us to compare the changes in relative positions of the baculum, corpora cavernosa, urethra, and corpus spongiosum with one another between flaccid and ‘erect’ penises. Our results support both functional hypotheses, indicating that the baculum probably performs two different roles during erection. Our approach should prove valuable for comparing and testing the functions of different baculum morphologies in bats and other mammals. Moreover, we have validated an essential component of the groundwork necessary to extend this approach with finite element analysis for quantitative 3D biomechanical modeling of penis function.
The WACC Fallacy: The Real Effects of Using a Unique Discount Rate
Authors: KRÜGER PHILIPP , LANDIER AUGUSTIN , THESMAR DAVID 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we test whether firms properly adjust for risk in their capital budgeting decisions. If managers use a single discount rate within firms, we expect that conglomerates underinvest (overinvest) in relatively safe (risky) divisions. We measure division relative risk as the difference between the division's asset beta and a firm‐wide beta. We establish a robust and significant positive relationship between division‐level investment and division relative risk. Next, we measure the value loss due to this behavior in the context of acquisitions. When the bidder's beta is lower than that of the target, announcement returns are significantly lower.
The Impact of Incentives and Communication Costs on Information Production and Use: Evidence from Bank Lending
Authors: QIAN JUN (QJ) , STRAHAN PHILIP E. , YANG ZHISHU 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIn 2002 and 2003, many Chinese banks implemented reforms that delegated authority to individual loan officers. The change followed China's entrance into the WTO and offers a plausibly exogenous shock to loan officer incentives to produce information. We find that the bank's internal risk rating becomes a stronger predictor of loan interest rates and ex post outcomes after reform. When the loan officer and the branch president who approves the loan work together longer, the rating also becomes more strongly related to loan prices and outcomes. Our results highlight how incentives and communication costs affect information production and use.
Capital and Labor Reallocation within Firms
Authors: GIROUD XAVIER , MUELLER HOLGER M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe document how a positive shock to investment opportunities at one plant (“treated plant”) spills over to other plants within the same firm, but only if the firm is financially constrained. To provide the treated plant with resources, the firm's headquarters withdraws capital and labor from other plants, especially plants that are relatively less productive, not part of the firm's core industries, and located far away from headquarters. As a result of the resource reallocation, aggregate firm‐wide productivity increases. We do not find evidence of capital or labor spillovers among plants of financially unconstrained firms.
Expression of advanced glycation end products in placenta and concentration in maternal and umbilical serum in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Yan Jian‐ying , Jiang Ling‐ling 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimTo study the function of free fatty acid (FFA) in maternal serum and advanced glycation end products (AGE) in maternal serum, umbilical cord blood and in the placenta of women with pre‐eclampsia.MethodsSixty women with pre‐eclampsia and 60 normal pregnant women as controls participated in this study. Women with pre‐eclampsia were divided into an early‐onset group and late‐onset group, with 30 normal pregnant women as the early control group and 30 as the late control group. Competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure AGE in maternal serum and umbilical cord blood. Western blotting was performed to analyze AGE in the placenta. Improved copper agent colorimetry was performed to measure FFA in maternal serum.ResultsMean AGE in maternal serum in the early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia groups was significantly higher than in the control groups. Mean concentration of umbilical cord blood AGE was significantly higher in the early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia groups when compared with the control groups. On western blot the level of placental AGE in the early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia groups was significantly higher than in normal placenta. Serum FFA in the early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia groups was higher than in healthy pregnant women. Maternal serum FFA in the early‐onset and late‐onset pre‐eclampsia groups correlated positively with maternal serum AGE (r = 0.764 and r = 0.774, P < 0.05).ConclusionsAGE and FFA, which are upregulated in pre‐eclampsia, are likely to be involved in pre‐eclampsia through some common mechanism.