bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Dysplastic Nevus Following Shave Excision
Authors: DURAY PAUL H. , LIVOLSI VIRGINIA A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract Distinguishing benign from malignant melanocytic lesions is an on‐going challenge for the clinician and the histopathologist. The regrowth of benign melanocytic nevi at the dermoepidermal junction following inadequate excision has been shown to be confused with superficial spreading melanoma. The dysplastic nevus has atypical features in and of itself, which become even more compounded when the lesion recurs in the dermoepidermal junction following inadequate resection by shave excision. The use of Monsel's solution to achieve hemostasis at the biopsy site can itself also produce a clinically irregular area of hyperpigmentation, accompanied by a pathologic pigmented and cellular dermal reaction.A case of a dysplastic nevus recurring after inadequate shave excision is reported here. The resultant atypia were further compounded by the use of Monsel's solution for hemostasis in the initial excision, which could have led to a mistaken diagnosis of malignant melanoma. The spectrum of dysplastic nevi is reviewed.
H, Peanut Lectin Receptor, and Carcinoembryonic Antigen Distribution in Keratoacanthomas, Squamous Dysplasias, and Carcinomas of Skin
Authors: ARIANO MOIRA C. , WILEY ELIZABETH L. , ARIANO LARRY , COON JOHN S. , LINDA TETZLAFF Ph. D. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract The distribution of blood group antigen H(O), peanut lectin receptor (PNL‐R) (a precursor to the MN blood group antigens), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was examined in 15 squamous cell carcinomas, 30 keratoacanthomas, 17 squamous dysplasias, and 5 normal controls using immunoperoxidase techniques.All controls and 8 carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 14 dysplasias expressed H antigen. All controls and 9 carcinomas, 10 keratoacanthomas, 16 dysplasias expressed PNL‐R antigen. CEA was present in 15 carcinomas, in trace amounts in 3 keratoacanthomas, in 6 dysplasias, and in 0 controls. The staining for H antigen and PNL‐R in the carcinomas and dysplasias was disorganized, patchy, and less than that of normal epithelium, while staining in keratoacanthomas was uniform, with normal to increased intensity as compared to controls in 9 cases. CEA showed weak focal staining in 5 carcinomas, 8 dysplasias and 3 keratoacanthomas, and more intense and extensive cytoplasmic and membrane staining in 10 carcinomas and 5 dysplasias, and no cellular staining in 4 dysplasias and 7 keratoacanthomas. CEA was present in greatest amounts in the well‐differentiated carcinomas and focal in the less‐differentiated tumors. The well‐differentiated carcinomas had a greater percentage of cells staining for H antigen and PNL‐R.The pattern of staining for H, PNL‐R, and CEA appears to distinguish keratoacanthomas from carcinomas and squamous dysplasias, and may be a useful adjunct to diagnosis.
Adjunctive Surgical Management of Cutaneous Mycobacterium Fortuitum Infection
Authors: MADJAR DAVID D. , CARVALLO EDWARD , PROPER STEVEN A. , FENSKE NEIL A. 
Published: June 2013

Atypical mycobacteria of the fortuitumchelonei complex are being identified with increasing frequency as causes of resistant, cutaneous infection. We report a case of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection of the face, unresponsive to conventional antimicrobial therapy, which resolved following adjunctive surgical resection.We believe that prompt surgical debridement of affected tissue in such infections, combined with appropriate antimicrobial therapy, will shorten both the duration and morbidity often associated with this disease.
Congenital‐Nevus‐Like Nevi, Nevi Spili, and Café‐Au‐Lait Spots in Patients with Malignant Melanoma
Authors: KOPF ALFRED W. , LEVINE LAURIE J. , RIGEL DARRELL S. , FRIEDMAN ROBERT J. , LEVENSTEIN MARCIA 
Published: June 2013

Abstract. The prevalence of congenital‐nevus‐like nevi (CNLN) in a group of 105 adults who had malignant melanoma (MM) was compared with that in a control group of 601 adults not afflicted by MM. Total cutaneous examinations were performed on both groups. The control group presented with complaints other than pigmented lesions. In this series, 10 (9.5%) of the group with MM had clinically diagnosed CNLN 1.5 cm or larger in diameter. These CNLN were not in contiguity with the MM sites. The 9.5% prevalence of CNLN in the group with MM was significantly higher (p < 0.005) than the 2.5% CNLN observed in the control population. None of the patients in either group had large congenital nevocytic nevi (≥20 cm).In addition, in the group with MM, 5 patients (4.8%) had nevi spili (NS) and 13 (12.4%) had café‐au‐lait spots (CLS). The prevalence rates for these two types of pigmented lesions were not significantly different from those observed in the nonmelanoma control group (2.3% for NS; 13.8% for CLS).The relative risk for developing MM is 4.1 in people with CNLN compared with those without CNLN, which indicates that these nevi may be markers for individuals prone to develop malignant melanoma.
Epidermal Langerhans Cell Density in Patients with Pulmonary Malignancies and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: SHAIEB ANNETTE M. , BERMAN BRIAN , SMITH BONNIE , KRUMPE PETER 
Published: June 2013

Abstract. To evaluate the relationship between ELC density and pulmonary malignancies, as reported in previous investigations, we examined the nonsun‐exposed epidermis of 18 patients with pulmonary cancer (CA) not receiving immunosuppressive therapy, 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD‐S), and 10 patients with COPD receiving glucocorticosteroid (GCS) therapy (COPD + S).The ELC density was not significantly different between lung tumor patients (1024 ± 167) and COPD‐S (1072 ± 200, p <0.4) control patients, and we found no significant correlation between ELC density and tumor cell type, presence or absence of metastases, tumor stage, or present smoking status. Although we did detect that systemic GCS therapy significantly reduced the ELC density in COPD + S patients (910 ± 211, p < 0.05), use of inhaled or chronic low dose (≤20 mg daily) GCS did not appear to significantly alter ELC density. In addition, anergy to epicutaneous dinitrochlorobenzene in CA and COPD + S patients positively correlated with a reduction in ELC density, suggesting a possible functional deficit arising from the numerical change. Further investigation is needed to elucidate whether factor(s) other than a reduction in ELC density are involved in the anergic state.
Immunology of Injectable Collagen in Human Subjects
Authors: DELUSTRO FRANK , MACKINNON VICTORIA , SWANSON NEIL A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract. Associated with the use of Zyderm Collagen Implant (ZCI) for soft tissue augmentation, the rate of localized hypersensitivity reactions to the initial test injection of ZCI range from 3.0–3.5% in the literature, and subsequent reactions to treatment have reportedly ranged from 1.1–5.0%. The inflammatory symptoms to the Collagen Test Implant occur within 72 hours in 2% of those injected, indicating a preexisting sensitivity to bovine collagen in this healthy population. Most adverse treatment reactions follow the first treatment and after injection of <5 ml of collagen. Furthermore, antibodies against collagen in sera of subjects reporting localized symptoms of hypersensitivity at test or treatment sites are specific for bovine interstitial collagens and show no cross‐reactivity with human collagens. Thus, immunologic reaction to ZCI results in antibovine collagen antibodies and localized inflammatory symptoms in those few subjects who experience hypersensitivity to test or treatment.Glutaraldehyde cross‐linked Zyplast Implant (ZI), has demonstrated a lower incidence of hypersensitivity reactions than ZCI. In examining patients tested with ZI or treated for intradermal and subdermal indications, we have experienced only 7 hypersensitivity reactions at test sites of ZI, out of 803 tested subjects, and only 3 reactions among 498 treated patients. Therefore, ZI appears to induce a lower incidence of hypersensitivity reactions than ZCI in man.
Narrow Versus Wide Margins in Malignant Melanoma
Authors: ROGERS GARY S. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYAlthough wide surgical excision is the accepted treatment for thin malignant melanomas, there is reason to believe that narrower margins may be adequate. A randomized prospective study to assess the efficacy of narrow excision (excision with 1‐cm margins) for primary melanomas no thicker than 2 mm was conducted at the National Institute of Health in Milan, Italy, and five other countries.Narrow excision was performed in 305 patients and wide excision (margins of 3 cm or more) in 307 patients. The major prognostic criteria were well balanced in the two groups. The mean thickness of the melanomas was 0.99 mm in the narrow‐excision group and 1.02 mm in the wide‐excision group.The subsequent development of metastatic disease involving regional nodes and distant organs was not different in the two groups (4.6% and 2.3%, respectively, in the narrow‐excision group as compared with 6.5% and 2.6% in the wide‐excision group). Disease‐free survival rates and overall survival rates (mean follow‐up period was 55 months) were also similar in the two groups. Only three patients had a local recurrence as a first relapse. All had undergone narrow excision, and each had a primary melanoma with a thickness of 1 mm or greater.
Clinical Use of the Q‐Switched Ruby and the Q‐Switched Nd:YAG (1064 nm and 532 nm) Lasers for Treatment of Tattoos
Authors: KILMER SUZANNE LINSMEIER , ANDERSON R. ROX 
Published: June 2013

background. The desire to remove tattoos has probably been around as long as their existence. Recent technological advances in lasers have finally made it possible to remove tattoos without leaving an equally undesirable scar.objective. The purpose of this article is to review the use of the Q‐switched ruby (694 nm) and the Q‐switched Nd:YAG (532 and 1064 nm) lasers for effective removal of tattoo ink, with cosmetically appealing results.results. The Q‐switched ruby laser (694 nm) effectively removes blue‐black and green ink, may treat other colors less efficiently, and is frequently associated with transient pigmentary changes, including rare depigmentation. The Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm quickly removes black ink, as well as other colors less efficiently; pigmentary changes are much less frequent, correlating with its lower absorption by melanin. The 532‐nm wavelength treats red ink effectively, but also leads to temporary hypopigmentation. Transient textural changes may be noted at all three wavelengths discussed, but scarring is rare.conclusions. Q‐switched lasers can remove tattoos without residual scarring. Efficacy of ink removal is dependent on the wavelength used for the targeted pigment.
Treatment of Port‐Wine Stains for the 1990s
Authors: WHEELAND RONALD G. 
Published: June 2013

background. A dramatic improvement in the treatment of patients with port‐wine stains has occurred over the past 20 years owing to the availability of a variety of different laser systems. The argon laser was the first system to offer an advantage over the older surgical techniques that had previously been used to manage these patients. However, many new lasers have since been developed that further improved the treatment results while simultaneously reducing the risks, even when treating children.objective. To present the current status of laser surgery for port‐wine stains and describe how the many newer systems are being used to more effectively manage these patients.methods. A thorough review of the medical literature was conducted on the use of new lasers, delivery systems, and treatment techniques for the management of port‐wine stains.results. The biggest advance in laser treatment of port‐wine stains resulted from the development of systems that are capable of delivering yellow light. The improved precision provided by these lasers serves to minimize epidermal injury, limit nonspecific thermal damage, and permit treatment of newborns and young children without a significant risk of scarring.conclusion. Major benefits in the treatment of portwine stains have resulted from the recent development of many new laser systems and laser accessories that provide a more precise response with less potential for complications than had been previously attainable with older technologies.
The Copper Vapor Laser for Treatment of Cutaneous Vascular and Pigmented Lesions
Authors: DINEHART SCOTT M. , WANER MILTON , FLOCK STEPHEN 
Published: June 2013

background. Clinical experience has shown that a variety of skin lesions are treatable with rapidly pulsed yellow and green light of the copper vapor laser.objective. To review the development, use, complications, and efficacy of the copper vapor laser when utilized for cutaneous lesions.methods. Articles were identified through a MEDLINE search, review of these articles' bibliographies, and advice from expert physicians who have used the copper vapor laser.results. A variety of vascular and pigmented cutaneous lesions are effectively treated with the copper vapor laser. A distinct advantage for hypertrophic or cobblestoned port‐wine stains and most types of facial telangiectasia is seen when this laser's results are compared with the results of other available laser systems. Complications, including scarring, are rarely observed.conclusion. The copper vapor laser is a useful addition to the family of lasers that are used for cutaneous conditions.
Clinical Misdiagnosis of Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ as Seborrheic Keratosis A Prospective Study
Authors: SLOAN JOANNA B. , JAWORSKY CHRISTINE 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Seborrheic keratoses have on rare occasion been reported to undergo malignant transformation.OBJECTIVE. Our purpose was to examine the incidence and distribution of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in situ arising in clinically banal‐appearing seborrheic keratoses.METHODS. We prospectively selected such cases over a 6‐month period of time from routinely accessioned specimens to a dermatopathology service.RESULTS. We found 1.4% of clinically diagnosed seborrheic keratoses to be SCCs in situ. These lesions were more common in elderly persons and were more likely to occur on the head and neck, suggesting the role of cumulative sun damage in the transformation of such lesions.CONCLUSION. Malignant transformation of seborrheic keratoses, although rare, appears to occur more frequently in the elderly on the head and neck. Because this change is not necessarily accompanied by clinically discernable changes, more careful scrutiny of such lesions may be of therapeutic rather than cosmetic significance in this population.
A Vein Has a Preferential Axis of Flattening
Authors: VAN CLEEF JEAN‐FRANÇOIS 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. A vein is a collapsible tube. As such, has it one or several axes of flattening?OBJECTIVE. The objective is to demonstrate that several venous parts, like valves or orifices of tributary veins, are directed towards one axis.METHODS. With dynamic endoscopies for superficial veins and with anatomical injections of latex for deep veins.RESULTS. All the valvular free borders of the superficial veins are parallel to the skin's surface, all the terminal orifices of the perforator are really situated on the commissure linear (linear joining two superposed valvular commissures) of the deep veins.CONCLUSION. A vein has a preferential axis of flattening, and its cross‐section configuration can be defined as: two wallsides and two borders. The bicuspid valve's cornua are situated on the borders of the vein. The terminal orifices of the perforators are situated on the borders of the deep veins. The models of the musculovenous pump of the calf have to be altered.
Lichen Myxedematosus Treated with Chlorambucil
Authors: WIEDER JOSHUA M. , BARTON KEVIN L. , BARON JOSEPH M. , SOLTANI KEYOUMARS 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Chemotherapy with various alkylating agents has been reported to be successful in the treatment of lichen myxedematosus. However, serious toxicities have accompanied such use.OBJECTIVE. To report a case of treatment of lichen myxedematosus with chlorambucil.RESULT. There was a favorable response using chlorambucil as an alternative therapeutic agent.
Assessing the Impacts of E. coli Laden Streambed Sediment on E. coli Loads over a Range of Flows and Sediment Characteristics
Authors: Pandey Pramod K. , Soupir Michelle L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding sediment Escherichia coli levels (i.e., pathogen indicators) and their contribution to the water column during resuspension is critical for predicting in‐stream E. coli levels and the potential risk to human health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current water quality testing strategies, however, rely on water borne E. coli concentrations to assess stream E. coli levels and identify impaired waters. In this work, we conducted a scenario analysis using a range of flows, sediment/water bacteria fractions, and particle sizes to which E. coli attach to assess the impact of E. coli in streambed sediments on water column E. coli levels. We used simple sediment transport theory to calculate the potential total E. coli concentrations in a stream with and without the resuspension process. Results clearly indicate that inclusion of resuspending sediment attached E. coli is necessary for watershed assessments and data on sediment attached E. coli concentrations is much needed. When neglecting the streambed sediment E. coli concentrations, the model predicted average E. coli loads of 107 Colony Forming Units (CFU)/s; however, when streambed sediment E. coli concentrations were included in the model, the predictions ranged from 1010 to 1014 CFU/s. To evaluate the predictions, E. coli data in the streambed sediment and the water column were monitored in Squaw Creek, Iowa. Comparisons between measured and predicted E. coli loads yielded an R2‐value of 0.85.
Loss Rates from Lake Powell and Their Impact on Management of the Colorado River
Authors: Myers Tom 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs demand for water in the southwestern United States increases and climate change potentially decreases the natural flows in the Colorado River system, there will be increased need to optimize the water supply. Lake Powell is a large reservoir with potentially high loss rates to bank storage and evaporation. Bank storage is estimated as a residual in the reservoir water balance. Estimates of local inflow contribute uncertainty to estimates of bank storage. Regression analyses of local inflow with gaged tributaries have improved the estimate of local inflow. Using a stochastic estimate of local inflow based on the standard error of the regression estimator and of gross evaporation based on observed variability at Lake Mead, a reservoir water balance was used to estimate that more than 14.8 billion cubic meters (Gm3) has been stored in the banks, with a 90% probability that the value is actually between 11.8 and 18.5 Gm3. Groundwater models developed by others, observed groundwater levels, and simple transmissivity calculations confirm these bank storage estimates. Assuming a constant bank storage fraction for simulations of the future may cause managers to underestimate the actual losses from the reservoir. Updated management regimes which account more accurately for bank storage and evaporation could save water that will otherwise be lost to the banks or evaporation.
Beta diversity at multiple hierarchical levels: explaining the high diversity of scarab beetles in tropical montane forests
Authors: García‐López Alejandra , Micó Estefanía , Múrria Cesc , Galante Eduardo , Vogler Alfried P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimHigh gamma diversity in tropical montane forests may be ascribed to high geographical turnover of community composition, resulting from population isolation that leads to speciation. We studied the evolutionary processes responsible for diversity and turnover in assemblages of tropical scarab beetles (Scarabaeidae) by assessing DNA sequence variation at multiple hierarchical levels.LocationA 300‐km transect across six montane forests (900–1100 m) in Costa Rica.MethodsAssemblages of Scarabaeidae (subfamilies Dynastinae, Rutelinae, Melolonthinae) including 118 morphospecies and > 500 individuals were sequenced for the cox1 gene to establish species limits with a mixed Yule–coalescent method. A species‐level phylogenetic tree was constructed from cox1 and rrnL genes. Total diversity and turnover among assemblages were then assessed at three hierarchical levels: haplotypes, species and higher clades.ResultsDNA‐based analyses showed high turnover among communities at all hierarchical levels. Turnover was highest at the haplotype level (community similarity 0.02–0.12) and decreased with each step of the hierarchy (species: 0.21–0.46; clades: 0.41–0.43). Both compositional and phylogenetic similarities of communities were geographically structured, but turnover was not correlated with distance among forests. When three major clades were investigated separately, communities of Dynastinae showed consistently higher alpha diversity, larger species ranges and lower turnover than Rutelinae and Melolonthinae.Main conclusionsScarab communities of montane forests show evidence of evolutionary persistence of communities in relative isolation, presumably tracking suitable habitats elevationally to accommodate climatic changes. Patterns of diversity on all hierarchical levels seem to be determined by restricted dispersal, and differences in Dynastinae could be explained by their greater dispersal ability. Community‐wide DNA sequencing across multiple lineages and hierarchical levels reveals the evolutionary processes that led to high beta diversity in tropical montane forests through time.