bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model to predict quality of a reduced ontology for Web service discovery on mobile devices
Authors: Schrimpsher Dan , Etzkorn Letha 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAs Web Services and the Semantic Web become more important, enabling technologies such as Web service ontologies will grow larger. At the same time, use of mobile devices to access Web services has doubled in the last year. The ability of these resource-constrained devices to download and reason across ontologies to support service discovery are severely limited. Since concrete agents typically only needs a subset of what is described in a Web service ontology to complete their task, a reduced ontology can be created. Measuring the quality of a reduced ontology, in both knowledge content and performance, is a nontrivial task. Expert analysis of the ontologies is time-consuming and unreliable. We propose two measures of knowledge content and performance. Mean average recall (MAR) with respect to the original ontology compares the data returned from a series of queries related to a particular concept of interest. Mean average performance (MAP) compares the download and reasoning speedup of the reduced ontology with respect to the original ontology. Neither of these values can be computed easily, therefore we propose a set of ontology metrics to predict these values. In this paper, we develop two prediction models for MAR and MAP based on these metrics. These models are based on analysis of 23 ontologies from five domains. To compute MAR, a specific set of queries for each domain was applied to each candidate reduced ontology along with the original ontology. To compute MAP, a simulated mobile device will download and process of each ontology along with the original ontology. We believe this model allows a speedy selection of a reduced ontology that contains the knowledge content and performance speedup needed by a mobile device for service discovery.
Ontology-driven word recommendation for mobile Web search
Authors: Aréchiga Daniel , Crestani Fabio , Vegas Jesús 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Web search has special characteristics against the desktop search when realized from mobile devices. To establish an improvement within this paradigm, an option is to take into account the context from which the search is developed. To conceptualize the mobile context, we propose the use of ontologies, which will include the device characteristics, environmental conditions and user preferences, among other term conceptualizations. This context definition would be used to determinate the behavior of a word recommendation when searching from mobile devices. As an essential process of creating this context ontology, we have made a real user's evaluation of the ontology terms by means of a survey. This paper shows a brief introduction to the project and focuses mainly on the results obtained in this concept's evaluation.
Frequencies of dendritic cells and Toll-like receptor 3 in neonates born to HBsAg-positive mothers with different HBV serological profiles
Authors: GUO J. , GAO Y. , GUO Z. , ZHANG L. R. , WANG B. , WANG S. P. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYTo investigate the frequencies of dendritic cells (DCs) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) in neonates of HBsAg-positive mothers with different HBV serological profiles, we conducted a study in Taiyuan, China. The study included 144 HBsAg-positive mothers and their neonates. The frequencies of DCs and TLR3 were determined using four-colour flow-cytometric analysis. DC and TLR3 frequencies were not related to HBV intrauterine transmission, maternal HBeAg positivity, maternal HBV DNA positivity and HBeAg/HBV DNA double-positivity. The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) frequencies in neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was >5 × 107copies/ml decreased significantly compared to that in neonates whose maternal HBV DNA was ⩽5 × 107copies/ml (Z = − 2·170,P = 0·03) or whose maternal HBV DNA was negative (Z = − 1·981P = 0·048). This study suggests that neonatal pDC frequencies decrease when maternal HBV DNA loads are >5 × 107copies/ml.
Mapping the potential of local food capacity in Southeastern Minnesota
Authors: Galzki Jake C. , Mulla David J. , Peters Christian J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe numerous benefits associated with localized food production have helped increase its popularity among a diverse cross-section of concerned citizens over the past few decades. Quantitative benefits are often attributed to local food systems, such as improvements to local economies or environmental benefits associated with decreased food transportation distances. Qualitative benefits play an equally vital role in the increasing popularity of local foods. The direct connection between people and agricultural land instills a sense of responsibility among consumers, there is a great deal of pride associated with creating a self-sustaining community, and increasing locally derived nutritional produce in our diet can improve health. This research attempts to analyze the feasibility of supplying the nutritional needs for an 11-county region in Southeastern Minnesota entirely from locally grown foods. The study also evaluates an alternative land-use scenario to illustrate how better utilizing land resources can yield environmental benefits in addition to those already inherent with local food production. Potential foodsheds are mapped to represent the theoretical spatial extent of agricultural resources needed to sustain population within the region. The foodshed model finds optimum locations for growing local food based on production potential and availability of agricultural resources to meet the demands of population centers, while minimizing the total distance to transport local foods to nearby distribution centers. Results show that it is theoretically feasible for Southeastern Minnesota to be entirely sustained on local food production. The average distance a unit of food travels in this theoretical baseline scenario is just under 12 km (7.5 miles). The foodshed model produces a surplus of agricultural supply in the region, thus an alternative land-use scenario was explored that involves removing marginal cropland from cultivation in vulnerable landscapes with high ecological value in an attempt to further increase the environmental benefits of locally grown foods. In comparison with the baseline foodshed model, the alternative land-use foodshed converts 68,000 ha (168,000 acres) of marginal cropland on vulnerable landscapes from annually cultivated land to perennial agriculture. This conversion not only reduces total distance traveled by a unit of food from 11.8 km (7.3 miles) in the baseline scenario to 10.8 km (6.7 miles) in the alternative scenario, but also reduces soil degradation, has positive impacts on surface water quality, and may lead to better wildlife habitat. The multiple benefits demonstrated by this study are encouraging to leaders of the local food movement in Southeastern Minnesota. Results of the study demonstrate that the methodology developed for mapping New York state foodsheds is adaptable to the Midwestern US, and should also be adaptable in other regions of the country.
Thin-Layer Polymer Wrapped Enzymes Encapsulated in Hierarchically Mesoporous Silica with High Activity and Enhanced Stability
Authors: Zhang Fang , Wang Meitao , Liang Chao , Jiang Huangyong , Shen Jian , Li Hexing 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel soft-hard cooperative approach was developed to synthesize bioactive mesoporous composite by pre-wrapping Penicillin G amidase with poly(acrylaimde) nanogel skin and subsequently incorporating such Penicillin G amidase nanocapsules into hierarchically mesoporous silica. The as-received bioactive mesoporous composite exhibited comparable activity and extraordinarily high stability in comparison with native Penicillin G amidase and could be used repetitively in the water-medium hydrolysis of penicillin G potassium salt. Furthermore, this strategy could be extended to the synthesis of multifunctional bioactive mesoporous composite by simultaneously introducing glucose oxidase nanocapsules and horseradish peroxidase nanocapsules into hierarchically mesoporous silica, which demonstrated a synergic effect in one-pot tandem oxidation reaction. Improvements in the catalytic performances were attributed to the combinational unique structure from soft polymer skin and hard inorganic mesoporous silica shell, which cooperatively helped enzyme molecules to retain their appropriate geometry and simultaneously decreased the enzyme-support negative interaction and mass transfer limitation under heterogeneous conditions.
Human hand compatible underactuated exoskeleton robotic system
Authors: Iqbal J. , Tsagarakis N.G. , Caldwell D.G. 
Published: March 2014

A novel direct‐driven and portable exoskeleton robotic system for the hand is proposed. The system design is based on the multi‐parametric optimisation procedure, which considers isotropy, dexterity and exertion of perpendicular forces on the finger phalanges. Actuators for the proposed device were selected based on results of experiments with users having different hand sizes. These experiments measured various parameters including average and maximum force exertion levels of a human hand. The experimental results were used to realise the mechanical design and to develop a prototype. The device can exert force levels (of 45 N) beyond any existing hand exoskeleton. Preliminary trials carried out on the fabricated prototype dictate efficacy and potential of the proposed system.
Ti nanorod arrays with periodic density fabricated via anodic technology
Authors: Zhong Meiling , Liao Jingwen , Tan Guoxin , Zhang Yu , Lin Xi , Yu Peng , Yu Zunxiong , Ning Chengyun 
Published: March 2014

Fabrication of the anodic metals nanorod, especially Ti (titanium) nanorod arrays (Ti‐NRAs), has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this reported work, Ti‐NRAs were prepared by applying a constant current of 200 mA under different anodisation conditions. The field emission scanning electron microscopy results showed that the density of the Ti‐NRAs could be periodically tuned by the conditions of electrochemical anodisation. A possible formation mechanism is proposed to demonstrate the periodical tuning of the Ti‐NRAs' density by the electrochemical anodisation time. This well‐controlled synthesis approach may shed light on the fabrication of similar nanostructures of other metal materials.
Synthesis, characterisation, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of functionalised silica nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Xiaohong , Jiang Wu , Cheng Qingrong , Pan Zhiquan , Zhou Hong 
Published: March 2014

Silica nanoparticles (NPs) modified by imidazole, carboxyl and phenol groups were designed and synthesised. The particles were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis techniques, scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Studies on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase‐like activities of the NPs show that the NPs have both a high catalase‐like activity with a 100% conversion rate of H2O2 and SOD activity with IC50 = 0.023 mg/ml, exhibiting the activity level of 10 U/ml biological SOD.
Photocatalysis degradation of Azo dye using nanoTiO2‐coated porous cellulose gel: enhancement by adsorption and its self‐clean characteristic
Authors: Yang Fan , Song Xiaojie , Yan Lifeng , Wei Wenmei 
Published: March 2014

Three‐dimensional cellulose gel was prepared by a crosslinking of the cellulose chains using epichlorohydrin in the presence of the NH4OH, and the TiO2 nanoparticles which were fixed on the surface of cellulose gel to form microcrystalline cellulose gel/nanoTiO2 composites (MCC‐TiO2). The composites were characterised by means of X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The composites showed an efficient removal of methyl orange (MO) from their aqueous solution, and a two‐step mechanism is involved. At first, the MO molecules were enriched on the surface of the MCC‐TiO2 by absorption, and then they were degraded there via photocatalysis, and the degradation of the adsorbed MO promoted the further adsorption of MO from the solution. After 30 min, 94% of MO was removed, and the MCC‐TiO2 can be cleaned by itself and reused without additional treatments.
Magnetic anisotropy of thin sputtered MgB2 films on MgO substrates in high magnetic fields
Authors: Fabretti Savio , Imort Inga-Mareen , Kuschel Timo , Dahm Thomas , Guduru Veerendra K. , Zeitler Uli , Thomas Andy 
Published: March 2014

We investigated the magnetic anisotropy ratio of thin sputtered polycrystalline MgB2 films on MgO substrates. Using high magnetic field measurements, we estimated an anisotropy ratio of 1.35 for T = 0 K with an upper critical field of 31.74 T in the parallel case and 23.5 T in the perpendicular case. Direct measurements of a magnetic-field sweep at 4.2 K show a linear behavior, confirmed by a linear fit for magnetic fields perpendicular to the film plane. Furthermore, we observed a change of up to 12% of the anisotropy ratio in dependence of the film thickness.
A cyclic HSV1-TK reporter for real-time PET imaging of apoptosis
Authors: Wang Fu , Wang Zhe , Hida Naoki , Kiesewetter Dale O. , Ma Ying , Yang Kai , Rong Pengfei , Liang Jimin , Tian Jie , Niu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and development in multicellular organisms. This article describes a unique molecularly engineered cyclic herpes simplex virus type 1–thymidine kinase (cTK) reporter for real-time apoptosis PET imaging. This reporter enables quantitative and real-time monitoring of caspase-3 activity in response to extracellular stimuli. As a PET reporter, cTK shows low background and high sensitivity in response to caspase-3 activation. The application of this particular caspase reporter system would be of significance in assisting preclinical high-throughput screening of different apoptosis-inducing drugs and monitoring their therapeutic efficacy in a noninvasive and quantitative manner.
The State of Babel After the Fall: Philo Judaeus and the Possibility of Rhetoric
Authors: Reeves Joshua 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article contextualizes Philo Judaeus’s treatise De Confusione Linguarum in rhetorical and intellectual history. While most interpretations of the Tower of Babel legend have found that its primary function is to explain the dispersion of the world’s diverse nations and languages, Philo argues that the “confusion of tongues” signifies a more basic existential condition. For Philo, this confusion disrupted humankind’s capacity for perfect communication, helping us value rhetorical action as an essential element of the confused, ongoing process of struggle that characterizes our everyday sociality. The confusion of tongues, therefore, simultaneously gave rise to rhetoric and the masses, as it imposed a principle of difference in language and discordant heterogeneity in the social order.
DETERMINING INCLINATIONS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI VIA THEIR NARROW-LINE REGION KINEMATICS. II. CORRELATION WITH OBSERVED PROPERTIES*
Authors: Fischer T. C. , Crenshaw D. M. , Kraemer S. B. , Schmitt H. R. , Turner T. J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are axisymmetric systems to first order; their observed properties are likely strong functions of inclination with respect to our line of sight, yet the specific inclinations of all but a few AGNs are generally unknown. By determining the inclinations and geometries of nearby Seyfert galaxies using the kinematics of their narrow-line regions (NLRs) and comparing them with observed properties, we find strong correlations between inclination and total hydrogen column density, infrared color, and Hβ FWHM. These correlations provide evidence that the orientation of AGNs with respect to our line of sight affects how we perceive them beyond the Seyfert 1/2 dichotomy. They can also be used to constrain three-dimensional models of AGN components such as the broad-line region and torus. Additionally, we find weak correlations between AGN luminosity and several modeled NLR parameters, which suggests that the NLR geometry and kinematics are dependent to some degree on the AGN's radiation field.
tqDist: a library for computing the quartet and triplet distances between binary or general trees
Authors: Sand Andreas , Holt Morten K. , Johansen Jens , Brodal Gerth Stølting , Mailund Thomas , Pedersen Christian N. S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSummary: tqDist is a software package for computing the triplet and quartet distances between general rooted or unrooted trees, respectively. The program is based on algorithms with running time for the triplet distance calculation and for the quartet distance calculation, where n is the number of leaves in the trees and d is the degree of the tree with minimum degree. These are currently the fastest algorithms both in theory and in practice.Availability and implementation: tqDist can be installed on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. Doing this will install a set of command-line tools together with a Python module and an R package for scripting in Python or R. The software package is freely available under the GNU LGPL licence at http://birc.au.dk/software/tqDist .Contact: cstorm@birc.au.dkSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
Non‐random patterns of functional redundancy revealed in ground beetle communities facing an extreme flood event
Authors: Gerisch Michael 
Published: March 2014

SummaryTheory predicts that species performing similar roles for ecological processes or functions can compensate for the loss of others and that this functional redundancy may promote resilience. However, there is no clear evidence for this mechanism, because functional redundancy has been observed to be low in many ecosystems. Using a severe flood event, this study tests whether functional redundancy exists in floodplain ground beetle communities, how it is controlled and how it connects to post‐flood resilience.Ground beetles were sampled in floodplain grassland of the Elbe River, Germany. Functional redundancy was estimated as the proportion of species in a community having neutral effects on functional diversity. Null models were used to determine whether functional redundancy is higher or lower than expected and mixed effects modelling was applied to estimate the relationships between functional redundancy, flood disturbance and sampling season.It was found that highly redundant ground beetle communities experienced fewer losses in functional diversity caused by an extreme flood than less redundant communities. Functional redundancy was lowest immediately after the flood, but quickly increased with time since flooding. It was significantly higher in spring than in autumn seasons and significantly higher in habitats exposed to frequent flooding. Null models confirmed that these patterns were to a high degree non‐random.The results indicate that functional redundancy plays an important role for stabilizing ground beetles under regular, predictable flooding. However, given sizeable differences in functional diversity before and after the extreme flood, this effect may be lower than expected during extreme events. Other regulating forces, such as stochastic colonization processes and habitat templets, play more important roles directly after extreme disturbances. I therefore assume that a temporal hierarchy of mechanisms, including FR, controls the functional diversity of ground beetles in riparian habitats.
Evaluation of a curriculum initiative designed to enhance the research training of dietetics graduates
Authors: Desbrow Ben , Leveritt Michael , Palmer Michelle , Hughes Roger 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo qualitatively evaluate a learning and teaching intervention for developing research and evaluation competencies, structured around the experience of having to conduct a significant research project.MethodsA qualitative study utilising semi‐structured interviews among a sample of 25 recent graduates from Griffith University's Master of Nutrition and Dietetics Program. Interviews explored student motivations for doing the research major, the student's experience of the full‐time semester long research project, and the actual and perceived outcomes of this experience. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analysed via open coding and triangular analysis by three of the authors.ResultsAll of the graduates interviewed had conducted research projects across a range of practice settings. Motivations for electing to do the research major varied from disinterest in other options to an opportunity to ‘taste‐test’ research, to develop research competencies and secure pathways to later research studies. The student learning experience was described as intense, stressful but rewarding and a steep learning curve. Graduates reported that they learned much more than research competencies during this process and many converted this research activity into a research output (journal article or conference abstract). Students reflected on the strong sense of achievement associated with research outputs and the competitive advantage it had provided on seeking graduate employment.ConclusionsIt is possible to develop graduate dietitians' research and evaluation competencies using curriculum initiatives that exploit experiential learning. Exposing students to the research practice cycle culminating in peer‐reviewed publication builds research self‐efficacy and positions students for good employment outcomes.
Day‐to‐day activities of clinical dietitians working in the inpatient and outpatient settings in a group of New South Wales public hospitals: The results of a direct observational study
Authors: Milosavljevic Marianna , Noble Gary , Zaremba Carly 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimTo describe the daily tasks undertaken by dietitians working within the inpatient and outpatient sectors within the NSW public hospital system.MethodsThis study used an ethnographic methodology that employed a direct, non‐participatory, discontinuous, observational technique to observe hospital dietitians, in both outpatient and inpatient settings, during a typical work shift. Trained volunteer observers collected the data over a three‐year period (2008, 2009 and 2010). The data were combined and then sorted into five categories including: direct patient care, indirect patient care, communication, administration and education of self or others.ResultsA total of 609 hours and 21 minutes were observed across a three‐year time period 2008–2010. On average, the dietitians in both inpatient and outpatient settings spent 18.3–32.2% of their time in direct patient care activities. The majority of time was spent in indirect patient care activities such as: information collection, documentation and discussion with other health‐care professionals. A comparison between the two work settings showed that those dietitians working in the inpatient setting spent less time in direct patient care (18.3% vs 33.1%, P < 0.05), and more time in indirect care activities (41.7% vs 23.3%, P < 0.05) and in communication about patient care (22.7% vs 14.4%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings show that dietitians spend most of their time doing activities that support patient care, but these activities occur away from the patient.