bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Cardiomyocyte NLRP3 Inflammasome‐Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes
d
‐Galactose–Induced Cardiac Aging
Authors: Liu Wen‐bin , Wang Sui‐sui , Zhang Xu , Ke Ze‐zhi , Wen Xiu‐yun , Zhao Jie , Zhuang Xiao‐dong , Liao Li‐zhen 
Published: July 2024

Background
Cardiac aging represents an independent risk factor for aging‐associated cardiovascular diseases. Although evidence suggests an association between NOD‐, LRR‐, and pyrin domain–containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation and numerous cardiovascular diseases, its role in cardiac aging remains largely unclear.

Methods and Results

The longevity of mice with wild‐type and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3
−/−
) genotypes was assessed, with or without
d
‐galactose treatment. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and cardiac histopathology was examined through hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal) staining was employed to detect cardiac aging. Western blotting was used to assess aging‐related proteins (p53, p21) and pyroptosis‐related proteins. Additionally, dihydroethidium staining, lactate dehydrogenase release, and interleukin‐1β ELISA assays were performed, along with measurements of total superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. In vitro, H9c2 cells were exposed to
d
‐galactose for 24 hours in the absence or presence of
N
‐acetyl‐
l
‐cysteine (reactive oxygen species inhibitor), BAY‐117082 (nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells inhibitor), MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor), and VX‐765 (Caspase‐1 inhibitor). Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect p53, gasdermin D, and apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein proteins. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were assessed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining and Western blotting were also employed in vitro for the same purpose. The results showed that NLRP3 upregulation was implicated in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of NLRP3 extended life span, mitigated the aging phenotype, improved cardiac function and blood pressure, ameliorated lipid metabolism abnormalities, inhibited pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes, and ultimately alleviated cardiac aging. In vitro, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells, NLRP3, or caspase‐1 attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pyroptosis.

Conclusions

The reactive oxygen species/nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells/NLRP3 signaling pathway loop contributes to
d
‐galactose–treated cardiomyocyte senescence and cardiac aging.
Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability Is Associated With Cognitive Functioning in Normal Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Hergert Danielle C. , Gaasedelen Owen , Ryman Sephira G. , Prestopnik Jillian , Caprihan Arvind , Rosenberg Gary A. 
Published: July 2024

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults and individuals with neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods and Results

A total of 124 participants with Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular disease, or a mix Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular diseases and 55 controlparticipants underwent magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing. BBB permeability was measured with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and white matter injury was measured using a quantitative diffusion‐tensor imaging marker of white matter injury. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the relationships between BBB permeability, vascular risk burden, white matter injury, and cognitive functioning. Vascular risk burden predicted BBB permeability (
r
=0.24,
P
<0.05) and white matter injury (
r
=0.38,
P
<0.001). BBB permeability predicted increased white matter injury (
r
=0.34,
P
<0.001) and increased white matter injury predicted lower cognitive functioning (
r
=−0.51,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
The study provides empirical support for a vascular contribution to white matter injury and cognitive impairment, directly or indirectly via BBB permeability. This highlights the importance of targeting modifiable vascular risk factors to help mitigate future cognitive decline.
Low Remnant Cholesterol and In‐Hospital Bleeding Risk After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Wu Zhiyuan , Zhang Haiping , Xu Yi , Li Xia , Li Xingang , Balmer Lois , Guo Xiuhua , Zhang Qi , Han Xiang , Tao Lixin 
Published: July 2024

Background
Bleeding risk brought by intensive lipid‐lowering therapy and low low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol is concerning, while evidence regarding the relationship between remnant cholesterol and bleeding is frightening. This study aimed to investigate the association between remnant cholesterol at admission and an in‐hospital bleeding event after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Methods and Results
A total of 3222 eligible patients admitted to Shanghai Huashan Hospital between 2015 and 2021 with complete lipid data were analyzed. Patients were classified into low (<20.0 mg/dL), moderate (20.0–29.9 mg/dL), and high (≥30 mg/dL) groups by remnant cholesterol. The mean age of patients was 63.0± 13.1 years, including 2301 (71.4%) men and 651 (20.2%) with TIA. The median (interquartile range) of remnant cholesterol was 18.6 (13.5–25.9) mg/dL. After adjustment for confounding variables, patients with low remnant cholesterol had a higher risk of bleeding events (odds ratio, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.12–6.67]) than those with moderate remnant cholesterol. The high remnant cholesterol group was not significantly associated with bleeding risk. Combined assessment of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and remnant cholesterol further identified patients with the highest risk of bleeding events.

Conclusions
Low remnant cholesterol levels were associated with bleeding events during the acute stage of ischemic stroke and TIA. The assessment of remnant cholesterol could inform the bleeding risk during hospitalization both for patients and physicians in clinical practice.
Simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography and Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cardiopulmonary Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Moon Brianna F. , Zhou Iris Y. , Ning Yingying , Chen Yin‐Ching I. , Le Fur Mariane , Shuvaev Sergey , Akam Eman A. , Ma Hua , Solsona Cesar Molinos , Weigand‐Whittier Jonah , Rotile Nicholas , Hariri Lida P. , Drummond Matthew , Boice Avery T. , Zygmont Samantha E. , Sharma Yamini , Warburton Rod R. , Martin Gregory L. , Blanton Robert M. , Fanburg Barry L. , Hill Nicholas S. , Caravan Peter , Penumatsa Krishna C. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Aging‐associated left ventricular dysfunction promotes cardiopulmonary fibrogenic remodeling, Group 2 pulmonary hypertension (PH), and right ventricular failure. At the time of diagnosis, cardiac function has declined, and cardiopulmonary fibrosis has often developed. Here, we sought to develop a molecular positron emission tomography (PET)–magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol to detect both cardiopulmonary fibrosis and fibrotic disease activity in a left ventricular dysfunction model.

Methods and Results

Left ventricular dysfunction was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in 6‐month‐old senescence‐accelerated prone mice, a subset of mice that received sham surgery. Three weeks after surgery, mice underwent simultaneous PET‐MRI at 4.7 T. Collagen‐targeted PET and fibrogenesis magnetic resonance (MR) probes were intravenously administered. PET signal was computed as myocardium‐ or lung‐to‐muscle ratio. Percent signal intensity increase and Δ lung‐to‐muscle ratio were computed from the pre‐/postinjection magnetic resonance images. Elevated allysine in the heart (
P
=0.02) and lungs (
P
=0.17) of TAC mice corresponded to an increase in myocardial magnetic resonance imaging percent signal intensity increase (
P
<0.0001) and Δlung‐to‐muscle ratio (
P
<0.0001). Hydroxyproline in the heart (
P
<0.0001) and lungs (
P
<0.01) were elevated in TAC mice, which corresponded to an increase in heart (myocardium‐to‐muscle ratio,
P
=0.02) and lung (lung‐to‐muscle ratio,
P
<0.001) PET measurements. Pressure‐volume loop and echocardiography demonstrated adverse left ventricular remodeling, function, and increased right ventricular systolic pressure in TAC mice.

Conclusions
Administration of collagen‐targeted PET and allysine‐targeted MR probes led to elevated PET–magnetic resonance imaging signals in the myocardium and lungs of TAC mice. The study demonstrates the potential to detect fibrosis and fibrogenesis in cardiopulmonary disease through a dual molecular PET–magnetic resonance imaging protocol.
Multicenter Validation of lncRNA and Target mRNA Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Acute Ischemic Stroke From Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
Authors: Mu Jialing , Chen Changying , Ren Zhanyun , Liu Fangyuan , Gu Xincheng , Sun Junxiang , Liu Yu , Geng Deqin , Yang Siyuan , Li Qingqing , Liu Lihua , Wang Lu , Chen Xuemei , Xie Hankun , Shen Chong 
Published: July 2024

Background
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA profiles in leukocytes have shown potential as biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). This study aimed to identify altered lncRNA and target mRNA profiles in peripheral blood leukocytes as biomarkers and to assess the diagnostic value and association with AIS prognosis.

Methods and Results

Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and differentially expressed target mRNAs (DEmRNAs) were screened by RNA sequencing in the discovery set, which consisted of 10 patients with AIS and 20 controls. Validation sets consisted of a multicenter (311 AIS versus 303 controls) and a nested case–control study (351 AIS versus 352 controls). The discriminative value of DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs added to the traditional risk factors was estimated with the area under the curve.
NAMPT‐AS
,
FARP1‐AS1
,
FTH1
, and
NAMPT
were identified in the multicenter case–control study (
P
<0.05). LncRNA
NAMPT‐AS
was associated with cis‐target mRNA
NAMPT
and trans‐target mRNA
FTH1
in all validation sets (
P
<0.001). Similarly, AIS cases exhibited upregulated lncRNA
FARP‐AS1
and
FTH1
expression (
P
<0.001) in the nested case–control study (
P
<0.001). Furthermore, lncRNA FARP1‐AS1 expression was upregulated in AIS patients at discharge with an unfavorable outcome (
P
<0.001). Positive correlations were found between
NAMPT
expression level and NIHSS scores of AIS patients (
P
<0.05). Adding 2 lncRNAs and 2 target mRNAs to the traditional risk factor model improved area under the curve by 22.8% and 5.2% in the multicenter and the nested case–control studies, respectively.

Conclusions

lncRNA
NAMPT‐AS
and
FARP1‐AS1
have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for AIS and exhibit good performance when combined with target mRNA
NAMPT
and
FTH1
.
Anemia From Inflammation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Relationships With Outcome
Authors: Roh David J. , Poyraz Fernanda Carvalho , Mao Eric , Shen Qi , Kansara Vedant , Cottarelli Azzurra , Song Sandy , Nemkov Travis , Kumar Aditya , Hudson Krystalyn E. , Ghoshal Shivani , Park Soojin , Agarwal Sachin , Connolly Edward Sander , Claassen Jan , Kreuziger Lisa Baumann , Hod Eldad , Yeatts Sharon , Foster Lydia D. , Selim Magdy 
Published: July 2024

Background
Baseline anemia is associated with poor intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes. However, underlying drivers for anemia and whether anemia development after ICH impacts clinical outcomes are unknown. We hypothesized that inflammation drives anemia development after ICH and assessed their relationship to outcomes.

Methods and Results
Patients with serial hemoglobin and iron biomarker concentrations from the HIDEF (High‐Dose Deferoxamine in Intracerebral Hemorrhage) trial were analyzed. Adjusted linear mixed models assessed laboratory changes over time. Of 42 patients, significant decrements in hemoglobin occurred with anemia increasing from 19% to 45% by day 5. Anemia of inflammation iron biomarker criteria was met in 88%. A separate cohort of 521 patients with ICH with more granular serial hemoglobin and long‐term neurological outcome data was also investigated. Separate regression models assessed whether (1) systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) scores related to hemoglobin changes over time and (2) hemoglobin changes related to poor 90‐day outcome. In this cohort, anemia prevalence increased from 30% to 71% within 2 days of admission yet persisted beyond this time. Elevated systemic inflammatory response syndrome was associated with greater hemoglobin decrements over time (adjusted parameter estimate: −0.27 [95% CI, −0.37 to −0.17]) and greater hemoglobin decrements were associated with poor outcomes (adjusted odds ratio per 1 g/dL increase, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.62–0.93]) independent to inflammation and ICH severity.

Conclusions
We identified novel findings that acute anemia development after ICH is common, rapid, and related to inflammation. Because anemia development is associated with poor outcomes, further work is required to clarify if anemia, or its underlying drivers, are modifiable treatment targets that can improve ICH outcomes.

Registration

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Unique identifier: NCT01662895
Paris Diary
Authors: Eisenstein Sergei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sergei Eisenstein's Paris Diary, a fragment of which is presented here for the first time in translation, traces two months of the filmmaker's sojourn in Paris between December 1929 and February 1930. It captures the singular way in which he interwove theoretical reflections with free associations, political remarks, and random observations. Containing drawings and notes, these pages also bear witness to significant encounters with the biologist and micro-cinematographer Jean Painlevé, the ethnographer Georges-Henri Rivière, and, the subject of speculation for many decades, the philosopher and cultural theorist Georges Bataille. Critical discussions of Surrealism, including Luis Buñuel's and Salvador Dalí's film Un chien andalou, are also reported. The diary's fragmentary notes and metamorphic associations perform Eisenstein's transposition of experimental Surrealist techniques, such as free association, onto his own autotheoretical writing.
Convolutional Encoding and Normalizing Flows: A Deep Learning Approach for Offshore Wind Speed Probabilistic Forecasting in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Marcille Robin , Tandeo Pierre , Thiébaut Maxime , Pinson Pierre , Fablet Ronan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The safe and efficient execution of offshore operations requires short-term (1–6 h ahead) high-quality probabilistic forecasts of metocean variables. The development areas for offshore wind projects, potentially in high depths, make it difficult to gather measurement data. This paper explores the use of deep learning for wind speed forecasting at an unobserved offshore location. The proposed convolutional architecture jointly exploits coastal measurements and numerical weather predictions to emulate multivariate probabilistic short-term forecasts. We explore both Gaussian and non-Gaussian neural representations using normalizing flows. We benchmark these approaches with respect to state-of-the-art data-driven schemes, including analog methods and quantile forecasting. The performance of the models and resulting forecast quality are analyzed in terms of probabilistic calibration, probabilistic and deterministic metrics, and as a function of weather situations. We report numerical experiments for a real case study off the French Mediterranean coast. Our results highlight the role of regional numerical weather prediction and coastal in situ measurement in the performance of postprocessing. For single-valued forecasts, a 40% decrease in RMSE is observed compared to the direct use of numerical weather predictions. Significant skill improvements are also obtained for the probabilistic forecasts, in terms of various scores, as well as an acceptable probabilistic calibration. The proposed architecture can process a large amount of heterogeneous input data and offers a versatile probabilistic framework for multivariate forecasting.
Quantile Delta-Mapped Spatial Disaggregation Analysis for Climate Variations over the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Zhao Rui , Zhou Xiong , Liu Jing , Li Yongping , Huang Guohe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Significant increases in temperature and precipitation due to global warming affect socioeconomics. Accurate analysis is needed for future temperature and precipitation variations across the Yangtze River basin (YRB). A novel quantile delta-mapped spatial disaggregation (QDMSD) approach was developed in this study to analyze temperature and precipitation changes for the first time. The evaluation results show that the QDMSD has a similar performance in simulating temperature with the bias correction and spatial disaggregation (BCSD) model, while it shows improvement in reproducing precipitation. Projections indicate the annual-mean temperature will increase from 2020 to 2080 under shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. The projected temperature obtained from five downscaled GCMs has the smallest range of differences in summer. Conversely, annual-mean temperatures significantly decrease from 2081 to 2100 under SSP2-4.5. In terms of spatial distribution characteristics, most of the positive changes tend to expand across the YRB. The annual-mean precipitation will increase from 2020 to 2080 but decrease from 2081 to 2100 under SSP2-4.5 over the YRB. In terms of spatial distribution, precipitation in the southeast region of the YRB will increase, and the maximum variations in precipitation will occur downstream of the YRB. The QDMSD method reproduces observed precipitation trends well and enhances simulation accuracy in the YRB. For projected temperature, there will be a widespread increase across the YRB; for projected precipitation, significant increases will occur in the eastern YRB. These findings support policymaking to address potential risks from temperature and precipitation changes across multiple sectors (e.g., agriculture and industry).
Future Changes in the Vertical Structure of Severe Convective Storm Environments over the U.S. Central Great Plains
Authors: Davis Isaac , Li Funing , Chavas Daniel R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effect of warming on severe convective storm potential is commonly explained in terms of changes in vertically integrated (“bulk”) environmental parameters, such as CAPE and 0–6-km shear. However, such events are known to depend on the details of the vertical structure of the thermodynamic and kinematic environment that can change independently of these bulk parameters. This work examines how warming may affect the complete vertical structure of these environments for fixed ranges of values of high CAPE and bulk shear, using data over the central Great Plains from two high-performing climate models (CNRM and MPI). To first order, projected changes in the vertical sounding structure are consistent between the two models: the environment warms approximately uniformly with height at constant relative humidity, and the shear profile remains relatively constant. The boundary layer becomes slightly drier (−2% to 6% relative humidity) while the free troposphere becomes slightly moister (+1% to 3%), with a slight increase in moist static energy deficit aloft with stronger magnitude in CNRM. CNRM indicates enhanced low-level shear and storm-relative helicity associated with stronger hodograph curvature in the lowest 2 km, whereas MPI shows near-zero change. Both models strongly underestimate shear below 1 km compared to ERA5, indicating large uncertainty in projecting subtle changes in the low-level flow structure in climate models. The evaluation of the net effect of these modest thermodynamic and kinematic changes on severe convective storm outcomes cannot be ascertained here but could be explored in simulation experiments.

Significance Statement
Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes cause substantial damage and loss of life each year, which raise concerns about how they may change as the world warms. We typically use a small number of common atmospheric parameters to understand how these localized events may change with climate change. However, climate change may alter the weather patterns that produce these events in ways not captured by these parameters. This work examines how climate change may alter the complete vertical structure of temperature, moisture, and wind and discusses the potential implications of these changes for future severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.
ProcaryaSV: structural variation detection pipeline for bacterial genomes using short-read sequencing
Authors: Jugas Robin , Vitkova Helena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Structural variations play an important role in bacterial genomes. They can mediate genome adaptation quickly in response to the external environment and thus can also play a role in antibiotic resistance. The detection of structural variations in bacteria is challenging, and the recognition of even small rearrangements can be important. Even though most detection tools are aimed at and benchmarked on eukaryotic genomes, they can also be used on prokaryotic genomes. The key features of detection are the ability to detect small rearrangements and support haploid genomes. Because of the limiting performance of a single detection tool, combining the detection abilities of multiple tools can lead to more robust results. There are already available workflows for structural variation detection for long-reads technologies and for the detection of single-nucleotide variation and indels, both aimed at bacteria. Yet we are unaware of structural variations detection workflows for the short-reads sequencing platform. Motivated by this gap we created our workflow. Further, we were interested in increasing the detection performance and providing more robust results.

Results
We developed an open-source bioinformatics pipeline, ProcaryaSV, for the detection of structural variations in bacterial isolates from paired-end short sequencing reads. Multiple tools, starting with quality control and trimming of sequencing data, alignment to the reference genome, and multiple structural variation detection tools, are integrated. All the partial results are then processed and merged with an in-house merging algorithm. Compared with a single detection approach, ProcaryaSV has improved detection performance and is a reproducible easy-to-use tool.

Conclusions
The ProcaryaSV pipeline provides an integrative approach to structural variation detection from paired-end next-generation sequencing of bacterial samples. It can be easily installed and used on Linux machines. It is publicly available on GitHub at https://github.com/robinjugas/ProcaryaSV.