bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A More Selective vs a Standard Risk-Stratified, Heparin-Based, Obstetric Thromboprophylaxis Protocol
Authors: Champion Macie L. , Blanchard Christina T. , Lu Michelle Y. , Shea Ashley E. , Lively Anna I. , Jenkins J. Morgan , Howell Samantha E. , Lee Grace M. , Casey Brian M. , Battarbee Ashley N. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceIn 2016, our institution adopted a pregnancy-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis protocol based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guidelines that recommended postpartum heparin-based chemoprophylaxis (enoxaparin) based on a risk-stratified algorithm. In response to increased wound hematomas without significant reduction in VTE using this protocol, a more selective risk-stratified approach was adopted in 2021.ObjectiveTo evaluate outcomes of the more selective risk-stratified approach to heparin-based obstetric thromboprophylaxis (enoxaparin) protocol.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsRetrospective observational study of 17 489 patients who delivered at a single tertiary care center in the southeast US between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018 (original protocol), and between December 1, 2021, and May 31, 2023 (more selective protocol). Patients receiving outpatient anticoagulation for active VTE or high VTE risk during pregnancy were excluded.ExposureStandard risk-stratified and more selective postpartum VTE chemoprophylaxis protocols.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was clinical diagnosis of wound hematoma up to 6 weeks pos tpartum. The secondary outcome was new diagnosis of VTE up to 6 weeks post partum. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes between groups and estimated adjusted odds ratios with 95% CIs of primary and secondary outcomes using the original protocol group as reference.ResultsOf 17 489 patients included in the analysis, 12 430 (71%) were in the original protocol group and 5029 (29%) were in the more selective group. Rates of chemoprophylaxis decreased from 16% (original protocol) to 8% (more selective protocol). Patients in the more selective group were more likely to be older, be married, and have obesity or other comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, cardiac disease). Compared with the original protocol, the more selective protocol was associated with a decrease in any wound hematoma (0.7% vs 0.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.38; 95% CI, 0.21-0.67), specifically due to a lower rate of superficial wound hematomas (0.6% vs 0.3%; aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24-0.75). There was no significant increase in VTE or individual types of VTE (0.1% vs 0.1%; aOR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.12-1.36).Conclusions and RelevanceA more selective risk-stratified approach to an enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis protocol for VTE was associated with decreased rates of wound hematomas without increased rates of postpartum VTE.
Anti-VEGF Pharmaceutical Prior Authorization in Retina Practices
Authors: Dang Sabin , Parke D. Wilkin , Sodhi Guneet S. , Eichenbaum David , Nielsen Jared , Danzig Carl , Lalwani Geeta , Moinfar Nader , London Nikolas , Kimura Alan , Jumper J. Michael , Lord Ken , Sheth Veeral , Pieramici Dante , Orlin Anton , Madson Allison , Horton Monica , Blim Jill , Cao Jessica A. , Thompson John , Khanna Saira , Wykoff Charles C. , Shah Ankoor R. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceAnti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections, a mainstay of treatment for many retinal diseases to optimize visual outcomes, have been included in prior authorization (PA) initiatives. However, if clinicians are extremely accurate in their use of anti-VEGF medications, such administrative burdens may need reconsideration.ObjectiveTo quantify PA for anti-VEGF medications (aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab) that were approved and determine associated administrative burdens experienced by retina practices.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsProspective multicenter quality improvement study conducted from January 2022 through June 2022, and participants were 9 private retina practices across the US.Main Outcomes and MeasuresOverall rate of approval of PA requests, reasons for requesting PA, and overall rate of delay of care resulting from PA procedures.ResultsIn total, 2365 PA requests were recorded, 2225 of which met inclusion criteria. Overall, 2140 (96.2%) requests were approved. The most common reason for requesting PA, at 64% (1423 of 2225 requests), was reauthorization for a previously utilized medication. Of the 2140 approvals, 59.6% (1277) resulted in a delay in care greater than 24 hours, and 40% (863) were given on the date of service. In a granular analysis of a subset of delayed approvals, 23.9% (173 of 725) were approved within 1 day, 15.9% (115 of 725) were approved within 2 to 3 days, 21.5% (156 of 725) were approved within 4 to 7 days, 26.3% (191 of 725) were approved within 8 to 31 days, and 12.4% (90 of 725) were approved within more than 31 days. Overall, PA denial for step therapy was 2.9% (65 of 2225) of requests and uncovered diagnoses was 0.9% (20 of 2225) of requests. The median staff time spent to obtain a single PA was 100 (range, 0-200) minutes.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, PA requests were almost always approved but led to a delay in patient care in most patients. The current study suggests that the PA process may not be effective for retina specialists if these results can be generalized to other practices in the US and if less burdensome and less costly approaches could result in similar approval rates. Potential short-term solutions may include eliminating the PA process for bevacizumab and reauthorizations for established patients.
Delivery of TGFβ3 from Magnetically Responsive Coaxial Fibers Reduces Spinal Cord Astrocyte Reactivity In Vitro
Authors: Funnell Jessica L. , Fougere Jasper , Zahn Diana , Dutz Silvio , Gilbert Ryan J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA spinal cord injury (SCI) compresses the spinal cord, killing neurons and glia at the injury site and resulting in prolonged inflammation and scarring that prevents regeneration. Astrocytes, the main glia in the spinal cord, become reactive following SCI and contribute to adverse outcomes. The anti‐inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) has been shown to mitigate astrocyte reactivity; however, the effects of prolonged TGFβ3 exposure on reactive astrocyte phenotype have not yet been explored. This study investigates whether magnetic core‐shell electrospun fibers can be used to alter the release rate of TGFβ3 using externally applied magnetic fields, with the eventual application of tailored drug delivery based on SCI severity. Magnetic core‐shell fibers are fabricated by incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into the shell and TGFβ3 into the core solution for coaxial electrospinning. Magnetic field stimulation increased the release rate of TGFβ3 from the fibers by 25% over 7 days and released TGFβ3 reduced gene expression of key astrocyte reactivity markers by at least twofold. This is the first study to magnetically deliver bioactive proteins from magnetic fibers and to assess the effect of sustained release of TGFβ3 on reactive astrocyte phenotype.
Robust Giant Tunnel Electroresistance and Negative Differential Resistance in 2D Semiconductor/α‐In2Se3 Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions
Authors: Luo Yingjie , Chen Jiwei , Abbas Aumber , Li Wenbo , Sun Yueyi , Sun Yihong , Yi Jianxian , Lin Xiankai , Qiu Guitian , Wen Ruolan , Chai Yang , Liang Qijie , Zhou Changjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFerroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) have gained substantial attention as emerging electronic devices such as nonvolatile memory and artificial synapse, owing to their low power consumption and nonvolatile properties. In this work, a 2D semiconductor (2DS)/α‐In2Se3/metal FTJ structure is proposed that combines a semiconductor ferroelectric material and a semiconducting electrode. The incorporation of 2DS not only enhances the barrier height modulation but also provides an effective approach to mitigate the thermionic current leakage. Notably, the proposed MoS2/α‐In2Se3/Ti FTJs exhibit both room‐temperature negative differential resistance (NDR) effect and high tunnel electroresistance (TER) exceeding 104 simultaneously. Furthermore, the versatility of this structure extends to several 2DS (including MoS2, PdSe2, and SnSe2) and graphene electrodes to rationalize both tunneling and thermionic current transport mechanisms. The proposed 2DS/α‐In2Se3/metal FTJs present great superiority over existing structures in terms of robustness, temperature independence, high TER, and versatility for various potential application scenarios.
Charged Black‐Hole‐Like Electronic Structure Driven by Geometric Potential of 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Shin Bong Gyu , Park Ji‐Hoon , Kong Jing , Jung Soon Jung , Song Young Jae 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne of the exotic expectations in the 2D curved spacetime is the geometric potential from the curvature of the 2D space, still possessing unsolved fundamental questions through Dirac quantization. The atomically thin 2D materials are promising for the realization of the geometric potential, but the geometric potential in 2D materials is not identified experimentally. Here, the curvature‐induced ring‐patterned bound states are observed in structurally deformed 2D semiconductors and formulated the modified geometric potential for the curvature effect, which demonstrates the ring‐shape bound states with angular momentum. The formulated modified geometric potential is analogous to the effective potential of a rotating charged black hole. Density functional theory and tight‐binding calculations are performed, which quantitatively agree well with the results of the modified geometric potential. The modified geometric potential is described by modified Gaussian and mean curvatures, corresponding to the curvature‐induced changes in spin‐orbit interaction and band gap, respectively. Even for complex structural deformation, the geometric potential solves the complexity, which aligns well with experimental results. The understanding of the modified geometric potential provides us with an intuitive clue for quantum transport and a key factor for new quantum applications such as valleytronics, spintronics, and straintronics in 2D semiconductors.
High‐Fidelity Bioelectrodes with Bidirectional Ion–Electron Transduction Capability by Integrating Multiple Charge‐Transfer Processes
Authors: Hu Rongjian , Yao Bowen , Geng Yuhao , Zhou Shuai , Li Mengfan , Zhong Wei , Sun Fuyao , Zhao Haojie , Wang Jingyu , Ge Jiahao , Wei Ran , Liu Tong , Jin Jiajie , Xu Jianhua , Fu Jiajun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBioelectronics is an exciting field that bridges the gap between physiological activities and external electronic devices, striving for high resolution, high conformability, scalability, and ease of integration. One crucial component in bioelectronics is bioelectrodes, designed to convert neural activity into electronic signals or vice versa. Previously reported bioelectrodes have struggled to meet several essential requirements simultaneously: high‐fidelity signal transduction, high charge injection capability, strain resistance, and multifunctionality. This work introduces a novel strategy for fabricating superior bioelectrodes by merging multiple charge‐transfer processes. The resulting bioelectrodes offer accurate ion‐to‐electron transduction for capturing electrophysiological signals, dependable charge injection capability for neuromodulation, consistent electrode potential for artifact rejection and biomolecule sensing, and high transparency for seamless integration with optoelectronics. Furthermore, the bioelectrode can be designed to be strain‐insensitive by isolating signal transduction from electron transportation. The innovative concept presented in this work holds great promise for extending to other electrode materials and paves the way for the advancement of multimodal bioelectronics.
Fundamental Understanding of the Low Initial Coulombic Efficiency in SiOx Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Mechanisms and Solutions
Authors: Wu Junxiu , Dong Qianwen , Zhang Qian , Xu Yunkai , Zeng Xuemei , Yuan Yifei , Lu Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo meet the ever‐increasing demand for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), it is imperative to develop next‐generation anode materials. Compared to conventional carbon‐based anodes, Si‐based materials are promising due to their high theoretical capacity and reasonable cost. SiOx, as a Si‐derivative anode candidate, is particularly encouraging for its durable cycling life, the practical application of which is, however, severely hindered by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) that leads to continuous lithium consumption. What is worse, low ICE also easily triggers a terrible chain reaction causing bad cycling stability. To further develop SiOx anode, researchers have obtained in‐depth understandings regarding its working/failing mechanisms so as to further propose effective remedies for low ICE mitigation. In this sense, herein recent studies investigating the possible causes that fundamentally result in low ICE of SiOx, based on which a variety of solutions addressing the low ICE issue are discussed and summarized, are timely summarized. This perspective provides valuable insights into the rational design of high ICE SiOx anodes and paves the way toward industrial application of SiOx as the next generation LIB anode.
Ultrathin Graphite‐Based Full‐Color Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Zhang Renyan , Li Wenbin , Jin Jinjin , Wang Qingsong , Wang Yingeng , Li Xiong , Pu Mingbo , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractUltrathin graphite‐based materials have revolutionized optoelectronics through their multispectral and energy‐efficient tunability. However, their narrow color range poses a challenge in applications requiring a broad spectrum of colors for effective information delivery or aesthetic enhancement. Here, full‐color tunability is achieved in ultrathin graphite‐based electrochromic devices using Fabry‐Perot (F‐P) nanocavities. By adjusting the optical properties (n, k) of ultrathin graphite through lithium‐ion intercalation/de‐intercalation and the thickness of the dielectronic SiO2 layer, managed to control the optical reflectivity in the visible spectrum. Moreover, this prototype device consumes only 1.59 mW cm−2, just one‐tenth of the commercial organic light‐emitting displays’ energy usage. Furthermore, the pixel size in the Fabry‐Perot nanocavity‐type electrodes can be reduced to 2 µm, under half that of contemporary displays like Micro‐LED. These results pave the way for full‐color displays with minimal energy consumption and inspire extensive research in low‐power photonics.
Multi‐Objective Bayesian Optimization for Laminate‐Inspired Mechanically Reinforced Piezoelectric Self‐Powered Sensing Yarns
Authors: Yang Ziyue , Park Kundo , Nam Jisoo , Cho Jaewon , Choi Yong Jun , Kim Yong‐Il , Kim Hyeonsoo , Ryu Seunghwa , Kim Miso 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPiezoelectric fiber yarns produced by electrospinning offer a versatile platform for intelligent devices, demonstrating mechanical durability and the ability to convert mechanical strain into electric signals. While conventional methods involve twisting a single poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene)(P(VDF‐TrFE)) fiber mat to create yarns, by limiting control over the mechanical properties, an approach inspired by composite laminate design principles is proposed for strengthening. By stacking multiple electrospun mats in various sequences and twisting them into yarns, the mechanical properties of P(VDF‐TrFE) yarn structures are efficiently optimized. By leveraging a multi‐objective Bayesian optimization‐based machine learning algorithm without imposing specific stacking restrictions, an optimal stacking sequence is determined that simultaneously enhances the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and failure strain by considering the orientation angles of each aligned fiber mat as discrete design variables. The conditions on the Pareto front that achieve a balanced improvement in both the UTS and failure strain are identified. Additionally, applying corona poling induces extra dipole polarization in the yarn state, successfully fabricating mechanically robust and high‐performance piezoelectric P(VDF‐TrFE) yarns. Ultimately, the mechanically strengthened piezoelectric yarns demonstrate superior capabilities in self‐powered sensing applications, particularly in challenging environments and sports scenarios, substantiating their potential for real‐time signal detection.
Leveraging Inherent Structure of Tin Oxide for Efficient Carbonaceous Products Electrosynthesis
Authors: Sui Peng‐Fei , Gao Min‐Rui , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Liu Subiao , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: June 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) holds a great potential for converting CO2 into valuable carbon‐based chemicals and fuels. A promising strategy for enhancing CO2RR performance is the deliberate structural design of electrocatalysts, which can maximize the utilization of inherent structural advantages. In this work, SnO2 nanocubes (NCs) and nanorods (NRs) are synthesized using a surface energy‐driven growth orientation method, where the stable (110) facet and the highly energetic (001) facet constitute the SnO2 nanostructures. Leveraging the inherent structural merits of different facets on SnO2, theoretical calculations reveal that the (001) facet plays a primary role in inhibiting hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while both (110) and (001) facets are highly favorable for CO2‐to‐formate conversion under the external bias. As a result, SnO2 NCs with a higher facet ratio of (001)/(110) achieve nearly 100% selectivity for the formation of carbonaceous products during CO2RR. More importantly, a maximum partial current density of about 1 A cm−2 with a formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) of over 90% is achieved in a flow cell, distinguishing it from most of the reported Sn‐based electrocatalysts. These results highlight the strategic advantages of leveraging the inherent structure of nanomaterials for efficient CO2RR.
Rice response to fluridone following topsoil removal on a precision‐leveled field
Authors: Butts Thomas R. , Souza Maria C. C. R. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber L. Tom , Hardke Jarrod T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFurrow‐irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production requires additional management options without the cultural strategy of a flood. In 2023, fluridone (Brake) was registered for use in rice production. Precision‐leveling land is an important aspect of maintaining an effective irrigation flow path; however, the removal of topsoil can severely impact crop response from residual herbicides. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of fluridone on rice response when applied to a precision‐leveled field following topsoil removal. An on‐farm field study was conducted in 2023 near Osceola, AR, with a Sharkey‐Steele clay complex soil texture. The study consisted of six herbicide treatments applied at the rice three‐leaf stage. These treatments included clomazone, quinclorac, and fluridone at three rates (0.5×, 1×, and 2× of a label rate) and a nontreated control. Across evaluation times, maximum visual rice injury was greater than 25% and 65% for the fluridone 1× and 2× treatments, respectively. Rice canopy coverage was reduced in the fluridone 1× and 2× treatments compared to all other treatments from 6 to 10 weeks after application (WAA). Rice heading in the fluridone 2x treatment was delayed by more than 60 and 30 percentage points at 11 and 12 WAA, respectively, compared to all other treatments. Rough rice yield in the fluridone 2× treatment was reduced by 21% compared to all other treatments. Overall, fluridone 1× and 2× rates caused substantial rice injury and would not be recommended on a precision‐leveled field.
Leukoencephalopathy with calcifications, developmental brain abnormalities and skeletal dysplasia due to homozygosity for a hypomorphic CSF1R variant: A report of three siblings
Authors: Beerepoot Shanice , Verbeke Jonathan I. M. L. , Plantinga Maud , Nierkens Stefan , Pouwels Petra J. W. , Wolf Nicole I. , Simons Cas , van der Knaap Marjo S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe report three siblings homozygous for CSF1R variant c.1969 + 115_1969 + 116del to expand the phenotype of “brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis” (BANDDOS) and discuss its link with “adult leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia” (ALSP), caused by heterozygous CSF1R variants. We evaluated medical, radiological, and laboratory findings and reviewed the literature. Patients presented with developmental delay, therapy‐resistant epilepsy, dysmorphic features, and skeletal abnormalities. Secondary neurological decline occurred from 23 years in sibling one and from 20 years in sibling two. Brain imaging revealed multifocal white matter abnormalities and calcifications during initial disease in siblings two and three. Developmental brain anomalies, seen in all three, were most severe in sibling two. During neurological decline in siblings one and two, the leukoencephalopathy was progressive and had the MRI appearance of ALSP. Skeletal survey revealed osteosclerosis, most severe in sibling three. Blood markers, monocytes, dendritic cell subsets, and T‐cell proliferation capacity were normal. Literature review revealed variable initial disease and secondary neurological decline. BANDDOS presents with variable dysmorphic features, skeletal dysplasia, developmental delay, and epilepsy with on neuro‐imaging developmental brain anomalies, multifocal white matter abnormalities, and calcifications. Secondary neurological decline occurs with a progressive leukoencephalopathy, in line with early onset ALSP. Despite the role of CSF1R signaling in myeloid development, immune deficiency is absent. Phenotype varies within families; skeletal and neurological manifestations may be disparate.
Efficacy of a RADA‐16 peptide hydrogel versus chitosan‐based polymer in improving patient comfort during postoperative debridement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hur Kevin , Adili Amila , Tam Benjamin , Herrera Kevin , Agarwal Aditi , Rice Dale , Ference Elisabeth , Wrobel Bozena , Conley David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundBioresorbable nasal packing is associated with a decreased incidence of adhesions and bleeding postoperatively after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). However, discomfort during postoperative debridement is still a major area of concern for patients. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of a peptide hydrogel to that of a chitosan‐based polymer in reducing pain during debridement after ESS.MethodsA prospective, multicenter, randomized, blinded trial was conducted in adults undergoing bilateral total ethmoidectomy for chronic rhinosinusitis. Participants served as their own controls with each subject receiving the hydrogel in a randomized ethmoid cavity and chitosan‐based polymer in the contralateral ethmoid cavity. Participants were evaluated at 1, 4, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Pain during debridement as well as endoscopic evaluation of mucosal healing and hemostasis were measured.ResultsThirty patients who underwent ESS were included in this trial. During the week 1 postoperative debridement, patients reported significantly less pain on the hydrogel‐treated side compared to the chitosan‐based polymer‐treated side. There were no significant differences in bleeding severity, Lund–Kennedy scores, debridement time, or need for further intervention between the two groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the efficacy of a peptide hydrogel in minimizing pain during postoperative debridement.