bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-stimulation with LPS or Poly I:C markedly enhances the anti-platelet immune response and severity of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Li Conglei , Chen Pingguo , Vadasz Brian , Ma Li , Zhou Hui , Lang Sean , Freedman John , Ni Heyu 
Published: September 2013

SummaryFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is a life-threatening bleeding disorder caused by maternal antibodies against fetal/neonatal platelets. FNAIT is also linked with miscarriages, although the incidence and mechanisms of fetal death have not been well studied. Integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIbIIIa) and the GPIbα complex are major glycoproteins expressed on platelets and are also major antigens targeted in autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but reported cases of anti-GPIb-mediated FNAIT are rare. Bacterial and viral infections have been causally linked with the pathogenesis of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP); however, it is unknown whether these infections contribute to the severity of FNAIT. Here, immune responses against platelet antigens were examined by transfusing wild-type (WT) mouse platelets into β3-/- or GPIbα-/- mice. To mimic bacterial or viral infections, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) were injected intraperitoneally following platelet transfusions. The FNAIT model was established by breeding the immunised female mice with WT male mice. We demonstrated for the first time that the platelet GPIbα has lower immunogenicity compared to β3 integrin. Interestingly, co-stimulation with LPS or Poly I:C markedly enhanced the immune response against platelet GPIbα and caused severe pathology of FNAIT (i.e. miscarriages). LPS or Poly I:C also enhanced the immune response against platelet β3 integrin. Our data suggest that bacterial and viral infections facilitate the anti-platelet GPIbα response, which may lead to a severe non-classical FNAIT (i.e. miscarriage but not neonatal bleeding) that has not been adequately reported in humans.
Non-OO blood type influences the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism
Authors: Gándara Esteban , Kovacs Michael J. , Kahn Susan R. , Wells Philip S. , Anderson David A. , Chagnon Isabelle , Gal Grégoire Le , Solymoss Susan , Crowther Mark , Carrier Marc , Langlois Nicole , Kovacs Judy , Ma Julian Little , Carson Nancy , Ramsay Tim , Rodger Marc A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe role of ABO blood type as a risk factor for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a first unprovoked VTE who complete oral anticoagulation therapy is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine if non-OO blood type is a risk factor for recurrent VTE in patients with a first unprovoked VTE who completed 5–7 months of anticoagulant therapy. In an ongoing cohort study of patients with unprovoked VTE who discontinued oral anticoagulation after 5–7 months of therapy, six single nucleotide polymorphisms sites were tested to determine ABO blood type using banked DNA. The main outcome was objectively proven recurrent VTE. Mean follow-up for the cohort was 4.19 years (SD 2.16). During 1,553 patient-years of follow-up, 101 events occurred in 380 non-OO patients (6.5 events per 100 patient years; 95% CI 5.3–7.7) compared to 14 events during 560 patient years of follow-up in 129 OO patients (2.5 per 100 patient years; 95% CI 1.2–3.7), the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.98 (1.2–3.8). In conclusion, non-OO blood type is associated with a statistically significant and clinically relevant increased risk of recurrent VTE following discontinuation of anticoagulant therapy for a first episode of unprovoked VTE.
MiR-223 is dispensable for platelet production and function in mice
Authors: Leierseder Simon , Petzold Tobias , Zhang Lin , Loyer Xavier , Massberg Steffen , Engelhardt Stefan 
Published: September 2013

SummaryMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key physiological regulators in multiple cell types. Here, we assessed platelet production and function in mice deficient in miR-223, one of the most abundantly expressed miRNAs in platelets and megakaryocytes. We found platelet number, size, lifespan as well as surface expression of platelet adhesion receptors to be unchanged in miR-223-deficient mice. Likewise, loss of miR-223 did not affect platelet activation, adhesion and aggregation and also had no effect on bleeding times. Moreover, miR-223 null megakaryocytes developed normally and were capable to form pro-platelets. However, we detected a transient delay in the recovery of platelet numbers following antibody-induced platelet depletion in miR-223-deficient animals. This delay was not observed after transplantation of bone marrow from miR-223-deficient animals into wild-type recipients, indicating a non-cell-autonomous role of miR-223 for thrombopoiesis. Overall, our data indicate a surprisingly modest role of miR-223 in platelet production, while the function of platelets does not seem to depend on miR-223.
Ischemic Postconditioning During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Hahn Joo-Yong , Song Young Bin , Kim Eun Kyoung , Yu Cheol Woong , Bae Jang-Whan , Chung Woo-Young , Choi Seung-Hyuk , Choi Jin-Ho , Bae Jang-Ho , An Kyung Joo , Park Jong-Seon , Oh Ju Hyeon , Kim Sang-Wook , Hwang Jin-Yong , Ryu Jae Kean , Park Hun Sik , Lim Do-Sun , Gwon Hyeon-Cheol 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Ischemic postconditioning has been reported to reduce infarct size in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. However, cardioprotective effects of postconditioning have not been demonstrated in a large-scale trial.

Methods and Results—

We performed a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point trial. A total of 700 patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction within 12 hours after symptom onset were randomly assigned to the postconditioning group or to the conventional primary PCI group in a 1:1 ratio. Postconditioning was performed immediately after restoration of coronary flow as follows: The angioplasty balloon was positioned at the culprit lesion and inflated 4 times for 1 minute with low-pressure (<6 atm) inflations, each separated by 1 minute of deflation. The primary end point was complete ST-segment resolution (percentage resolution of ST-segment elevation >70%) measured at 30 minutes after PCI. Complete ST-segment resolution occurred in 40.5% of patients in the postconditioning group and 41.5% of patients in the conventional PCI group (absolute difference, −1.0%; 95% confidence interval, −8.4 to 6.4;
P
=0.79). The rate of myocardial blush grade of 0 or 1 and the rate of major adverse cardiac events (a composite of death, myocardial infarction, severe heart failure, or stent thrombosis) at 30 days did not differ significantly between the postconditioning group and the conventional PCI group (17.2% versus 22.4% [
P
=0.20] and 4.3% versus 3.7% [
P
=0.70], respectively).

Conclusion—
Ischemic postconditioning did not improve myocardial reperfusion in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI with current standard practice.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00942500.
Response Demands and Blindfolding in the Crossed-Hands Deficit: An Exploration of Reference Frame Conflict
Authors: Cadieux Michelle L. , Shore David I. 
Published: September 2013

Performance on tactile temporal order judgments (TOJs) is impaired when the hands are crossed over the midline. The cause of this effect appears to be tied to the use of an external reference frame, most likely based on visual information. We measured the effect of degrading the external reference frame on the crossed-hand deficit through restriction of visual information across three experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 examined three visual conditions (eyes open–lights on, eyes open–lights off, and eyes closed–lights off) while manipulating response demands; no effect of visual condition was seen. In Experiment 3, response demands were altered to be maximally connected to the internal reference frame and only two visual conditions were tested: eyes open–lights on, eyes closed–lights off. Blindfolded participants had a reduced crossed-hands deficit. Results are discussed in terms of the time needed to recode stimuli from an internal to an external reference frame and the role of conflict between these two reference frames in causing this effect.
Impact of Evapotranspiration on Dry Season Climate in the Amazon Forest*
Authors: Harper Anna , Baker Ian T. , Denning A. Scott , Randall David A. , Dazlich Donald , Branson Mark 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Moisture recycling can be an important source of rainfall over the Amazon forest, but this process relies heavily upon the ability of plants to access soil moisture. Evapotranspiration (ET) in the Amazon is often maintained or even enhanced during the dry season, when net radiation is high. However, ecosystem models often over predict the dry season water stress. The authors removed unrealistic water stress in an ecosystem model [the Simple Biosphere Model, version 3 (SiB3)] and examined the impacts of enhanced ET on the dry season climate when coupled to a GCM. The “stressed” model experiences dry season water stress and limitations on ET, while the “unstressed” model has enhanced root water access and exhibits strong drought tolerance.
During the dry season in the southeastern Amazon, SiB3 unstressed has significantly higher latent heat flux (LH) and lower sensible heat flux (SH) than SiB3 stressed. There are two competing impacts on the climate in SiB3 unstressed: cooling resulting from lower SH and moistening resulting from higher LH. During the average dry season, the cooling plays a larger role and the atmosphere is more statically stable, resulting in less precipitation than in SiB3 stressed. During dry season droughts, significantly higher LH in SiB3 unstressed is a necessary but not sufficient condition for stronger precipitation. The moistening effect of LH dominates when the Bowen ratio (BR = SH/LH) is &gt;1.0 in SiB3 stressed and precipitation is up to 26% higher in SiB3 unstressed. An implication of this analysis is that forest conservation could enable the Amazon to cope with drying conditions in the future.
Using Depth-Normalized Coordinates to Examine Mass Transport Residual Circulation in Estuaries with Large Tidal Amplitude Relative to the Mean Depth
Authors: Giddings Sarah N. , Monismith Stephen G. , Fong Derek A. , Stacey Mark T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Residual (subtidal) circulation profiles in estuaries with a large tidal amplitude-to-depth ratio often are quite complex and do not resemble the traditional estuarine gravitational circulation profile. This paper describes how a depth-normalized σ-coordinate system allows for a more physical interpretation of residual circulation profiles than does a fixed vertical coordinate system in an estuary with a tidal amplitude comparable to the mean depth. Depth-normalized coordinates permit the approximation of Lagrangian residuals, performance of empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, estimation of terms in the along-stream momentum equations throughout depth, and computation of a tidally averaged momentum balance. The residual mass transport velocity has an enhanced two-layer exchange flow relative to an Eulerian mean because of the Stokes wave transport velocity directed upstream at all depths. While the observed σ-coordinate profiles resemble gravitational circulation, and pressure and friction are the dominant terms in the tidally varying and tidally averaged momentum equations, the two-layer shear velocity from an EOF analysis does not correlate with the along-stream density gradient. To directly compare to theoretical profiles, an extension of a pressure–friction balance in σ coordinates is solved. While the barotropic riverine residual matches theory, the mean longitudinal density gradient and mean vertical mixing cannot explain the magnitude of the observed two-layer shear residual. In addition, residual shear circulation in this system is strongly driven by asymmetries during the tidal cycle, particularly straining and advection of the salinity field, creating intratidal variation in stratification, vertical mixing, and shear.
Meridional Heat Advection due to Mixed Rossby Gravity Waves in the Equatorial Indian Ocean
Authors: Nagura Motoki , Masumoto Yukio , Horii Takanori 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This study examines heat advection due to mixed Rossby gravity waves in the equatorial Indian Ocean using moored buoy observations at (0°, 80.5°E) and (0°, 90°E) and an ocean general circulation model (OGCM) output. Variability associated with mixed Rossby gravity waves is defined as that at periods of 10–30 days, where both observations and the OGCM results show high energy in meridional velocity and meridional gradient of temperature. The 10–30-day variability in meridional velocity causes convergence of heat flux onto the equator, the net effect of which amounts to 2.5°C month−1 warming at the depth of the thermocline. Detailed analysis shows that the wave structure manifested in temperature and velocity is tilted in the x–z plane, which causes the phase lag between meridional velocity and meridional temperature gradient to be a half cycle on the equator and results in sizable thermocline warming. An experiment with a linear continuously stratified model shows that the contributions of many baroclinic modes, and the right zonal wavelength of wind forcing, are essential in generating the correct wave structure. It is also shown that contributions of mixed Rossby gravity waves to cross-equatorial heat transport are negligible, as temperature variability associated with this wave mode has a node on the equator.
Superior vena cava (SVC) filters placed over central lines – analysis of line trapping and difficulties with line retrieval: an in-vitro experimental study
Authors: Lopera Jorge E , Shapiro Murray , Sanchez Darlene , Maya Carolina , Kroma Ghazwan , Garza-Berlanga Andres , Suri Rajeev 
Published: September 2013

Background Placement of superior vena cava (SVC) filters has been shown to be both safe and effective in preventing symptomatic pulmonary embolism in patients with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis that have contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. In many patients, existing central lines pose a challenge to SVC filter placement due to the theoretical risk of line displacement and/or entrapment. Purpose To assess the risk of catheter entrapment by filter legs during SVC filter deployment and the risk of subsequent filter migration during catheter removal. Material and Methods A model was created by placing a 22 mm vascular graft inside a plastic tube and submerged in a warm saline bath. Five types of filters were deployed under fluoroscopic guidance over different types of central lines of varying calibers (5–14 Fr). Each filter was deployed five times over each type of central line. The positioning of the legs of the filters in relationship to the central lines was studied by fluoroscopic and direct inspection. The lines were then removed under fluoroscopic guidance noting any line trapping, migration, and/or tilting of the filters. Results Movement of the lines during filter expansion was commonly seen after deployment of all filters with varying frequencies. During line removal slight resistance was encountered with the Celect filter (10%) and the Option filter (5%), while significant resistance was only encountered when using the OptEase filter (20%). Filter migration was only observed when the OptEase filter was deployed over large (>10 Fr) caliber lines (10%). Conclusion When SVC filters are placed over existing central lines, the risk of catheter entrapment is very low in this in-vitro model. Filter migration during line retrieval was only observed when the OptEase filter was placed over >10 Fr caliber lines.
Autologous Tenocyte Injection for the Treatment of Severe, Chronic Resistant Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Wang Allan , Breidahl William , Mackie Katherine E. , Lin Zhen , Qin An , Chen Jimin , Zheng Ming H. 
Published: September 2013

Background: Severe chronic lateral epicondylitis (LE) is associated with degenerative tendon changes, extracellular matrix breakdown, and tendon cell loss. On the basis of positive outcomes from preclinical studies, this study is the first clinical trial of autologous tenocyte injection (ATI) on severe tendinopathy associated with chronic LE. Hypothesis: Autologous tenocyte injection is a safe and effective procedure that enables a reduction in pain and improvement in function in resistant LE. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients with severe refractory LE underwent clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before intervention. A patellar tendon needle biopsy was performed under local anesthetic, and tendon cells were expanded by in vitro culture. Tenocytes used for the injection were characterized by flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Autologous tenocytes were injected into the site of tendinopathy identified at the origin of the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon under ultrasound guidance on a single occasion. Patients underwent serial clinical evaluations and repeat MRI at 12 months after intervention. Results: A total of 20 consecutive patients were included in the study. Three patients withdrew consent after enrollment and before ATI. No adverse event was reported at either biopsy or injection sites. Furthermore, no infection or excessive fibroblastic reaction was found in any patient at the injection site. Clinical evaluation revealed an improvement in mean visual analog scale scores, for a maximum pain score from 5.94 at the initial assessment to 0.76 at 12 months ( P < .001). Mean quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) and grip strength scores also significantly improved over the 12-month follow-up (QuickDASH score, 45.88 [baseline] to 3.84; grip strength, 20.17 kg [baseline] to 37.38 kg; P < .001). With use of a validated MRI scoring system, the grade of tendinopathy at the common extensor origin improved significantly by 12 months ( P < .001). One patient elected to proceed to surgery 3 months after ATI following a reinjury at work. Conclusion: In this study, patients with chronic LE who had previously undergone an unsuccessful full course of nonoperative treatment showed significantly improved clinical function and structural repair at the origin of the common extensor tendon after ATI. This novel treatment is encouraging for the treatment of tendinopathy and warrants further evaluation.
The Effect of Flow Trigger on Rapid Shallow Breathing Index Measured Through the Ventilator
Authors: Kheir Fayez , Myers Leann , Desai Neeraj R. , Simeone Francesco 
Published: September 2013

Background: The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) has the best predictive value to assess readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilation. At many institutions, this index is conveniently measured without disconnecting the patient from the ventilator, but this method may be inaccurate. Because modern ventilators have a base flow in the flow trigger mode that may provide a substantial help to the patient, we hypothesized that the RSBI is significantly decreased when measured through the ventilator with flow trigger even without continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and pressure support (PS). Methods: The RSBI was calculated using the values of minute ventilation and respiratory rate obtained either through the digital display of the ventilator or from a digital ventilometer. The RSBI was measured using 3 different methods: method 1, CPAP and PS both 0 cm H2O with flow trigger; method 2, CPAP and PS both 0 cm H2O without flow trigger; and method 3, using digital ventilometer. Results: A total of 165 measurements per method were obtained in 80 adult patients in the medical intensive care unit (MICU). The RSBI (breaths/min/L) values were 70.2 ± 26.5 with method 1, 85.4 ± 30.3 with method 2, and 80.1 ± 30.3 with method 3. The RSBI was significantly decreased using mechanical ventilation with flow trigger as compared with mechanical ventilation without flow trigger ( P < .0001) or digital ventilometer ( P < .0001). When method 1 was compared with methods 2 and 3, the RSBI decreased by 17% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions: The RSBI measurement is significantly decreased by the base flow delivered through modern ventilators in the flow trigger mode. If RSBI is measured through the ventilator in the flow trigger mode, the difference should be considered when using RSBI to assess readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilation.
Collaborative Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Primary Care II (CCARP II)
Authors: Yakiwchuk Erin M. , Jorgenson Derek , Mansell Kerry , Laubscher Tessa , LeBras Marlys , Blackburn David F. 
Published: September 2013

Background: Previous pharmacist interventions to reduce cardiovascular (CV) risk have been limited by low patient enrolment. The primary aim of this study was to implement a collaborative pharmacist intervention that used a systematic case-finding procedure to identify and manage patients with uncontrolled CV risk factors. Methods: This was an uncontrolled, program implementation study. We implemented a collaborative pharmacist intervention in a primary care clinic. All adults presenting for an appointment with a participating physician were systematically screened and assessed for CV risk factor control by the pharmacist. Recommendations for risk factor management were communicated on a standardized form, and the level of pharmacist follow-up was determined on a case-by-case basis. We recorded the proportion of adults exhibiting a moderate to high Framingham risk score and at least 1 uncontrolled risk factor. In addition, we assessed before-after changes in CV risk factors. Results: Of the 566 patients who were screened prior to visiting a participating physician, 186 (32.9%) exhibited moderate or high CV risk along with at least 1 uncontrolled risk factor. Physicians requested pharmacist follow-up for 60.8% (113/186) of these patients. Of the patients receiving the pharmacist intervention, 65.5% (74/113) were at least 50% closer to 1 or more of their risk factor targets by the end of the study period. Significant risk factor improvements from baseline were also observed. Discussion: Through implementation of a systematic case-finding approach that was carried out by the pharmacist on behalf of the clinic team, a large number of patients with uncontrolled risk factors were identified, assessed and managed with a collaborative intervention. Conclusion: Systematic case finding appears to be an important part of a successful intervention to identify and manage individuals exhibiting uncontrolled CV risk factors in a primary care setting.