bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status and prospect of particle therapy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Wang Kang , Yuan Shuanghu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEsophageal cancer is among the top causes of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, and the main treatment modality for locally advanced esophageal cancer is concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The current photon‐based radiotherapy modalities and procedures have increased the incidence of treatment‐related cardiac and pulmonary complications. Additionally, anatomical changes in the esophagus resulting from diaphragmatic movement, weight loss, and tumor progression present challenges for radiotherapy. These challenges have spurred interest in particle therapies, such as proton beam therapy (PBT) and heavy‐ion therapy, for esophageal cancer. This paper comprehensively reviews the dosimetric advantages, clinical efficacy, and limitations of PBT and heavy‐ion therapy for esophageal cancer and discusses their prospects. This highlights the unique dosimetric benefits of these therapies, particularly their ability to deliver high‐dose radiation precisely to the tumor while sparing the surrounding normal organs and tissues. Although PBT and heavy‐ion therapy demonstrate superior clinical efficacy compared to photon therapy, they are not without limitations. Multiple studies are needed to further validate and supplement the existing clinical and preclinical data to better exploit the benefits of PBT and thereby provide improved survival advantages to these patients
Long‐term survival after immunotherapy for uncontrolled locally advanced temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma followed by chemoradiotherapy: A case report
Authors: Yan Jin , Sui Jiangdong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTemporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is a rare and invasive malignant tumor. The common predisposing factors include a history of local radiotherapy and chronic suppurative otitis media. The current treatment approach for TBSCC primarily involves surgery, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, based on T staging and high‐risk factors. Although patients with early‐stage TBSCC have a high survival rate after treatment, the majority of patients are diagnosed in the intermediate to advanced stages, with extensive tumor involvement, posing challenges for surgical intervention. Definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) serves as a viable alternative for unresectable tumors. Constraints in administering curative radiation doses, due to the tolerance of surrounding organs, can lead to uncontrolled tumor growth. Although programmed cell death 1 inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, their application in TBSCC remains underexplored. Herein, we report a case of a 47‐year‐old man diagnosed with unresectable advanced and localized TBSCC. Following inadequate tumor control with primary chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy was initiated, resulting in disease remission within a follow‐up period of > 4 years.
Inhibitory activity of some short‐chain aliphatic aldehydes on pheromone and ammonium carbonate‐mediated attraction in olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae
Authors: Germinara Giacinto Salvatore , Pistillo Onofrio Marco , D'Isita Ilaria , Di Palma Antonella Marta , Rotundo Giuseppe , Guidotti Matteo , Psaro Rinaldo , Caselli Alessandro , Econdi Stefano , Gargani Elisabetta , Cutino Ilaria , Benvenuti Claudia , Roversi Pio Federico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe olive fruit fly (OFF), Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), is the main insect pest of olive trees worldwide. Legislation limits to the use of some synthetic larvicidal insecticides is leading to the development of new control options for preventive control of adult flies. In the present study, the biological activity of four short‐chain aliphatic aldehydes, namely hexanal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, heptanal and (E)‐2‐heptenal, previously reported as repellents to the OFF adults was investigated.RESULTSElectroantennography (EAG) recordings showed that antennae of OFF males and females are able to perceive the test compounds in a wide range of doses. In field trapping experiments, reservoir‐type polypropylene (PP) membrane dispensers loaded with individual compounds did not elicit a significant attraction of OFF males and females. On the contrary, a significant reduction of male catches was noticed when sex pheromone dispensers and PP membrane dispensers, loaded with one of the test compounds, were applied on the same white sticky traps ≈20 cm apart. Likewise, male and female catches in yellow sticky traps baited with ammonium carbonate (AC) dispensers as food attractant were significantly reduced by the presence of PP membrane dispensers of individual aliphatic aldehydes on the same traps. In small plots control trials, solid formulations of the four aldehydes into a bentonite clay support induced a significant reduction of the OFF active infestation mainly when C6 and C7 aldehyde‐activated bentonites were used.CONCLUSIONShort‐chain aliphatic aldehydes showed inhibitory effects on sex pheromone and food attractant‐mediated attraction of OFF. Results of field trials suggest potential of short‐chain aliphatic aldehydes to develop new semiochemical‐based OFF control options. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
3D‐QSAR model‐oriented optimization of Pyrazole β‐Ketonitrile derivatives with diphenyl ether moiety as novel potent succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors
Authors: Cheng Liangliang , Zhou Cong , Yuan Qinglong , Zhang Letian , Shao Xusheng , Xu Xiaoyong , Li Zhong , Cheng Jiagao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSuccinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides play important roles in the control of plant fungal diseases. However, they are facing serious challenges from issues with resistance and cross‐resistance, primarily attributed to their frequent application and structural similarities. There is an urgent need to design and develop SDHI fungicides with novel structures.RESULTSAiming to discover novel potent SDHI fungicides, 31 innovative pyrazole β‐ketonitrile derivatives with diphenyl ether moiety were rationally designed and synthesized, which were guided by a 3D‐QSAR model from our previous study. The optimal target compound A23 exhibited not only outstanding in vitro inhibitory activities against Rhizoctonia solani with a half‐maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.0398 μg mL−1 comparable to that for fluxapyroxad (EC50 = 0.0375 μg mL−1), but also a moderate protective efficacy in vivo against rice sheath blight. Porcine succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymatic inhibitory assay revealed that A23 is a potent inhibitor of SDH, with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.0425 μm. Docking study within R. solani SDH indicated that A23 effectively binds into the ubiquinone site mainly through hydrogen‐bonds, and cation–π and π–π interactions.CONCLUSIONThe identified β‐ketonitrile compound A23 containing diphenyl ether moiety is a potent SDH inhibitor, which might be a good lead for novel fungicide research and optimization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Bioinformatics and biomedical informatics with ChatGPT: Year one review
Authors: Wang Jinge , Cheng Zien , Yao Qiuming , Liu Li , Xu Dong , Hu Gangqing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe year 2023 marked a significant surge in the exploration of applying large language model chatbots, notably Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (ChatGPT), across various disciplines. We surveyed the application of ChatGPT in bioinformatics and biomedical informatics throughout the year, covering omics, genetics, biomedical text mining, drug discovery, biomedical image understanding, bioinformatics programming, and bioinformatics education. Our survey delineates the current strengths and limitations of this chatbot in bioinformatics and offers insights into potential avenues for future developments.
Sex differences in CXCL4‐mediated lung damage in the bleomycin‐induced systemic sclerosis mice model
Authors: Tian Yi'an , Li Jingyan , Yu Bingrui , Chen Yu , Bao Tianping , Li Yuhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex is an independent risk factor for systemic sclerosis (SSc). Chemokine ligand 4 (CXCL4) participates in SSc via multiple mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated the role of CXCL4 in sex‐specific lung injury in the bleomycin‐induced systemic sclerosis (BLM‐SSc) mouse model.MethodsThirty‐two 6‐week‐old CXCL4–/– C57BL/6J and wild‐type (WT) mice were divided into CXCL4–/– male, CXCL4–/– female, wild‐type male (WT male), and wild‐type female (WT female) groups (n = 8 each). BLM‐SSc mice were established by subcutaneous injections of 100 µL (2 mg/mL of bleomycin, once every other day) for 4 weeks. Thereafter, all mice were sacrificed and the extracted lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome to evaluate the degree of inflammation and fibrosis. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in the lung tissue homogenate. In addition, immunofluorescence double staining detected the coexpression of S100 calcium‐binding protein A8 and matrix metalloproteinase 7. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to examine the independent effects of sex, CXCL4, and their interactions.ResultsCompared to CXCL4–/– mice, WT mice had significantly higher infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, inflammation scores, and fibrosis scores (all p < 0.05). Specifically, the degree of macrophage infiltration and fibrosis scores were higher in male mice than those in female mice (all p < 0.05). In CXCL4–/– mice, fibrosis scores were higher in males than those in females (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was observed in inflammation scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Compared with that of the CXCL4–/– mice, the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 in the lung tissue homogenate were increased in the WT mice with higher levels in the male group. No significant sex‐based differences were observed in CXCL4–/– mice (p > 0.05). Immunofluorescence double staining revealed a significantly higher number of positive double‐stained cells in the WT male than the WT female group; however, no such cells were observed in CXCL4–/– groups.ConclusionCXCL4 may participate in the pathogenesis of sex‐based differential lung injury in the BLM‐SSc model.
Stabilization of discrete‐time 2‐D switched systems: A state‐segmentation‐based event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Xu Xiaozeng , Li Yang , Zhang Hongbin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the event‐triggered control issue for two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete‐time switched systems represented by both the Fornasini‐Marchesini local state‐space model and the Roesser model. The presence of 2‐D properties poses several challenges in selecting states for transport. Unlike existing event‐triggered generators, this article leverages the unique characteristics of 2‐D switched systems by dividing the system state into “horizontal” and “vertical” states. The segmented state is then transmitted at “necessary” two‐dimensional moments to minimize the amount of transmitted data. Furthermore, a state feedback controller, consisting of transferred horizontal and vertical states, is designed corresponding to the event‐triggered generator. By introducing average dwell time with the switching Lyapunov functional method, sufficient stabilization conditions are derived for the considered system. Finally, the proposed approach's effectiveness and improvement are illustrated by an example.
An Ecofriendly Nature‐Inspired Microcarrier for Enhancing Delivery, Stability, and Biocidal Efficacy of Phage‐Based Biopesticides
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Quek Siew‐Young , Huang Kang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn pursuit of sustainable agricultural production, the development of environmentally friendly and effective biopesticides is essential to improve food security and environmental sustainability. Bacteriophages, as emerging biocontrol agents, offer an alternative to conventional antibiotics and synthetic chemical pesticides. The primary challenges in applying phage‐based biopesticides in agricultural settings are their inherent fragility and low biocidal efficacy, particularly the susceptibility to sunlight exposure. This study addresses the aforementioned challenges by innovatively encapsulating phages in sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs), which are derived from plant pollen grains. The size of the apertures on SECs could be controlled through a non‐thermal and rapid process, combining reinflation and vacuum infusion techniques. This unique feature facilitates the high‐efficiency encapsulation and controlled release of phages under various conditions. The proposed SECs could encapsulate over 9 log PFU g−1 of phages and significantly enhance the ultraviolet (UV) resistance of phages, thereby ensuring their enhanced survivability and antimicrobial efficacy. The effectiveness of SECs encapsulated phages (T7@SECs) in preventing and treating bacterial contamination on lettuce leaves is further demonstrated, highlighting the practical applicability of this novel biopesticide in field applications. Overall, this study exploits the potential of SECs in the development of phage‐based biopesticides, presenting a promising strategy to enhancing agricultural sustainability.
Integrating distributive justice in system dynamics models of sustainability transitions
Authors: Kopainsky Birgit , Đula Ivan , Gkini Christina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSocial‐ecological‐technological transitions for decarbonisation and sustainable development goals can perpetuate or introduce environmental and socio‐economic injustices. The just transitions literature provides useful perspectives for assessing transition pathways. This paper explores integrating distributive justice into system dynamics modelling for sustainability transitions. For this purpose, we adapt existing requirements to enable the evaluation of distributive justice in model‐based support for climate planning to the specific case of system dynamics modelling. We test the requirements by using a previously developed system dynamics model to (1) gain insights into the application of the requirements and (2) reflect on their further development. Our findings underscore the importance of transparency in model assumptions and results. They suggest exploring the behaviour space of models to account for uncertainty and plurality of stakeholder values. Furthermore, they emphasise the need to discuss the implications of model results and the plurality of stakeholder values to foster deliberation and inclusive decision‐making.
Detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos taurus) at the Tabriz abattoir, Iran
Authors: Jabbari Javad , Hajipour Nasser , Hassanzadeh Parviz , Ketzisc Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundToxoplasma gondii is a widely prevalent zoonotic protozoan parasite in humans and warm‐blooded animals worldwide. Infection of humans by this parasite can result in severe clinical symptoms, particularly in individuals with congenital toxoplasmosis or immunocompromised patients. Contamination mainly occurs through foodborne routes, especially the consumption of raw or undercooked meat from animals.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to use PCR to detect T. gondii in tissues and organs of buffaloes and cattle slaughtered at Tabriz slaughterhouse, in Iran.MethodsFifty grams of heart, thigh, diaphragm and tongue from 50 buffaloes and 100 cattle slaughtered at the Tabriz industrial slaughterhouse were selected for sampling using a combination of convenience sampling. The samples were tested using a previously published PCR method.ResultsOut of the 150 animal samples, T. gondii was detected in 10 (6.7%, 95%CI: 3.2–11.9), including one buffalo (2%, 95%CI: 0.1–10.6) and nine cattle (9%, 95%CI: 4.2–16.4). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of T. gondii infection among cattle based on age and sex (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicated a potential risk of T. gondii transmission to humans through the consumption of infected meat. Therefore, appropriate and effective preventive measures should be taken to limit the transmission of this parasite to humans, and the consumption of raw and undercooked meat should be discouraged.
Boundary-induced transitions in Möbius quenches of holographic BCFT
Authors: Bernamonti Alice , Galli Federico , Ge Dongsheng 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Boundary effects play an interesting role in finite-size physical systems. In this work, we study the boundary-induced properties of 1+1-dimensional critical systems driven by inhomogeneous Möbius-like quenches. We focus on the entanglement entropy in BCFTs with a large central charge and a sparse spectrum of low-dimensional operators. We find that the choice of boundary conditions leads to different scenarios of dynamical phase transitions. We also derive these results in a holographic description in terms of intersecting branes in AdS3, and find a precise match.
Strong homotopy algebras for chiral higher spin gravity via Stokes theorem
Authors: Sharapov Alexey , Skvortsov Evgeny , Van Dongen Richard 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Chiral higher spin gravity is defined in terms of a strong homotopy algebra of pre-Calabi-Yau type (noncommutative Poisson structure). All structure maps are given by the integrals over the configuration space of concave polygons and the first two maps are related to the (Shoikhet-Tsygan-)Kontsevich Formality. As with the known formality theorems, we prove the A∞-relations via Stokes’ theorem by constructing a closed form and a configuration space whose boundary components lead to the A∞-relations. This gives a new way to formulate higher spin gravities and hints at a construct encompassing the known formality theorems.
Subleading analysis for S3 partition functions of $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 holographic SCFTs
Authors: Geukens Seppe , Hong Junho 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We investigate the 3-sphere partition functions of various 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 holographic SCFTs arising from the N stack of M2-branes in the ’t Hooft limit both analytically and numerically. We first employ a saddle point approximation to evaluate the free energy F = – log Z at the planar level, tracking the first subleading corrections in the large ’t Hooft coupling λ expansion. Subsequently, we improve these results by determining the planar free energy to all orders in the large λ expansion via numerical analysis. Remarkably, the resulting planar free energies turn out to take a universal form, supporting a prediction that these S3 partition functions are all given in terms of an Airy function even beyond the special cases where the Airy formulae were derived analytically in the literature; in this context we also present new Airy conjectures in several examples. The subleading behaviors we captured encode a part of quantum corrections to the M-theory path integrals around dual asymptotically Euclidean AdS4 backgrounds with the corresponding internal manifolds through holographic duality.
Discovering quirks through timing at FASER and future forward experiments at the LHC
Authors: Feng Jonathan L. , Li Jinmian , Liao Xufei , Ni Jian , Pei Junle 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Quirks are generic predictions of strongly-coupled dark sectors. For weak-scale masses and a broad range of confining scales in the dark sector, quirks can be discovered only at the energy frontier, but quirk-anti-quirk pairs are produced with unusual signatures at low pT, making them difficult to detect at the large LHC detectors. We determine the prospects for discovering quirks using timing information at FASER, FASER2, and an “ultimate detector” in the far-forward region at the LHC. NLO QCD corrections are incorporated in the simulation of quirk production, which can significantly increase the production rate. To accurately propagate quirk pairs from the ATLAS interaction point to the forward detectors, the ionization energy loss of charged quirks traveling through matter, the radiation of infracolor glueballs and QCD hadrons during quirk pair oscillations, and the annihilation of quirkonium are properly considered. The quirk signal is separated from the large muon background using timing information from scintillator detectors by requiring either two coincident delayed tracks, based on arrival times at the detector, or two coincident slow tracks, based on time differences between hits in the front and back scintillators. We find that simple cuts preserve much of the signal, but reduce the muon background to negligible levels. With the data already collected, FASER can discover quirks in currently unconstrained parameter space. FASER2, running at the Forward Physics Facility during the HL-LHC era, will greatly extend this reach, probing the TeV-scale quirk masses motivated by the gauge hierarchy problem for the broad range of dark-sector confining scales between 100 eV and 100 keV.
Non-analyticity of the S-matrix with spontaneously broken Lorentz invariance
Authors: Creminelli Paolo , Delladio Matteo , Janssen Oliver , Longo Alessandro , Senatore Leonardo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We study the S-matrix of Goldstones in the renormalizable theory of a U(1) complex scalar at finite charge, i.e. in a state that breaks Lorentz invariance. The theory is weakly coupled so that this S-matrix exists at all energies. Unlike the Lorentz invariant case, the resulting S-matrix is not analytic in the exchanged (complexified) four-momentum. The non-analyticities stem from the LSZ reduction formula, as a consequence of the energy-dependent mixing between the radial and Goldstone modes.
Birdtracks of exotic SU(N) color structures
Authors: Ohl Thorsten 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
I introduce a systematic procedure for constructing complete and linearly independent sets of color structures for interactions of fields transforming under exotic representations of SU(N), in particular the SU(3) gauge group of QCD. It uncovers errors in previous results, starting with interactions of four fields including a single sextet.
Baryonic thermal screening mass at NLO
Authors: Giusti Leonardo , Laine M. , Laudicina Davide , Pepe Michele , Rescigno Pietro 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We determine the resummed 1-loop correction to a baryonic thermal screening mass. The calculation is carried out in the framework of a dimensionally reduced effective theory, where quarks are heavy fields due to their non-zero Matsubara frequencies. The correction due to interactions is computed at O(g2) in the coupling constant. In order to solve a 3-body Schrödinger equation, we exploit a two-dimensional generalization of the hyperspherical harmonics method. At electroweak scale temperatures, the NLO correction represents a ∼ 4.6% increase of the free-theory value 3πT of the screening mass.
A new 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 duality from the superconformal index
Authors: Amariti Antonio , Mantegazza Fabio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this paper we propose a physical derivation of a 4d conjectural duality for USp(2N) with an anti-symmetric rank-two tensor and fundamental flavors, in presence of a non-trivial superpotential. This duality has been conjectured as a consequence of an exact identity between the superconformal indices of the two phases, proved in the mathematical literature. Here we show that the duality can be derived by a combined sequence of known dualities, deconfinement of tensor matter, RG flow and Higgsing. Furthermore, by following these steps on the superconformal index, we provide an alternative derivation of the integral identity as well.