bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Affordable and real-time antimicrobial resistance prediction from multimodal electronic health records
Authors: Hardan Shahad , Shaaban Mai A. , Abdalla Jehad , Yaqub Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to challenging complications and losses of human lives plus medical resources, with a high expectancy of deterioration in the future if the problem is not controlled. From a machine learning perspective, data-driven models could aid clinicians and microbiologists by anticipating the resistance beforehand. Our study serves as the first attempt to harness deep learning (DL) techniques and the multimodal data available in electronic health records (EHR) for predicting AMR. In this work, we utilize and preprocess the MIMIC-IV database extensively to produce separate structured input sources for time-invariant and time-series data customized to the AMR task. Then, a multimodality fusion approach merges the two modalities with clinical notes to determine resistance based on an antibiotic or a pathogen. To efficiently predict AMR, our approach builds the foundation for deploying multimodal DL techniques in clinical practice, leveraging the existing patient data.
LHFFNet: A hybrid feature fusion method for lane detection
Authors: Kao Youchen , Che Shengbing , Zhou Sha , Guo Shenyi , Zhang Xu , Wang Wanqin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLane line images have the essential attribute of large-scale variation and complex scene information, and the similarity between adjacent lane lines is high, which can easily cause classification errors. And remote lane lines are difficult to recognize due to visual angle changes in width. To address this issue, this paper proposes an effective lane detection framework, which is a hybrid feature fusion network that enhances multiple spatial features and distinguishes key features throughout the entire lane line segment. It enhances and fuses lane line features at multiscale to enhance the feature representation of lane line images, especially at the far end. Firstly, in order to enhance the correlation of multiscale lane features, a multi-head self attention is used to construct a multi-space attention enhancement module for feature enhancement in multispace. Secondly, a spatial separable convolutional branch is designed for the jumping layer structure connecting multiscale lane line features. While retaining feature information of different scales, important lane areas in multiscale feature information are emphasized through the allocation of spatial attention weights. Finally, considering that lane lines are elongated areas in the image, and the background information in the image is much more abundant than lane line information, the flexibility of traditional pooling operations in capturing widely existing anisotropic contexts in actual environments is limited. Therefore, before embedding feature output branches, strip pooling is introduced to refine the representation of lane line information and optimize model performance. The experimental results show that the accuracy on the TuSimple dataset reaches 96.84%, and the F1 score on the CULane dataset reaches 75.9%.
Evaluation of a prototype metal artifact reduction algorithm for cone beam CT in patients undergoing radioembolization
Authors: Can Elif , Böning Georg , Lüdemann Willie Magnus , Hosse Clarissa , Kolck Johannes , Paparoditis Sophia , Nguyen Thao , Piper Sophie K. , Geisel Dominik , Wieners Gero , Gebauer Bernhard , Elkilany Aboelyazid , Jonczyk Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetal artifacts notoriously pose significant challenge in computed tomography (CT), leading to inaccuracies in image formation and interpretation. Artifact reduction tools have been designed to improve cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality by reducing artifacts caused by certain high-density materials. Metal artifact reduction (MAR) tools are specific algorithms that are applied during image reconstruction to minimize or eliminate artifacts degrading CBCT images. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of a MAR algorithm on image quality in CBCT performed for evaluating patients before transarterial radioembolization (TARE). We retrospectively included 40 consecutive patients (aged 65 ± 13 years; 23 males) who underwent 45 CBCT examinations (Allura FD 20, XperCT Roll protocol, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) in the setting of evaluation for TARE between January 2017 and December 2018. Artifacts caused by coils, catheters, and surgical clips were scored subjectively by four readers on a 5-point scale (1 = artifacts affecting diagnostic information to 5 = no artifacts) using a side-by-side display of uncorrected and MAR-corrected images. In addition, readers scored tumor visibility and vessel discrimination. MAR-corrected images were assigned higher scores, indicating better image quality. The differences between the measurements with and without MAR were most impressive for coils with a mean improvement of 1.6 points (95%CI [1.5 1.8]) on the 5-point likert scale, followed by catheters 1.4 points (95%CI [1.3 1.5]) and clips 0.7 points (95%CI [0.3 1.1]). Improvements for other artifact sources were consistent but relatively small (below 0.25 points on average). Interrater agreement was good to perfect (Kendall’s W coefficient = 0.68–0.95) and was higher for MAR-corrected images, indicating that MAR improves diagnostic accuracy. A metal artifact reduction algorithm can improve diagnostic and interventional accuracy of cone beam CT in patients undergoing radioembolization by reducing artifacts caused by diagnostic catheters and coils, lowering interference of metal artifacts with adjacent major structures, and improving tumor visibility.
Reproducibility analysis of bioimpedance-based self-developed live cell assays
Authors: Vizvari Zoltan , Gyorfi Nina , Maczko Gergo , Varga Reka , Jakabfi-Csepregi Rita , Sari Zoltan , Furedi Andras , Bajtai Eszter , Vajda Flora , Tadic Vladimir , Odry Peter , Karadi Zoltan , Toth Attila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBioimpedance spectrum (BIS) measurements have a great future in in vitro experiments, meeting all the requirements for non-destructive and label-free methods. Nevertheless, a real basic research can provide the necessary milestones to achieve the success of the method. In this paper a self-developed technology-based approach for in vitro assays is proposed. Authors invented a special graphene-based measuring plate in order to assess the high sensitivity and reproducibility of introduced technique. The design of the self-produced BIS plates maximizes the detection capacity of qualitative changes in cell culture and it is robust against physical effects and artifacts. The plates do not influence the viability and proliferation, however the results are robust, stable and reproducible regardless of when and where the experiments are carried out. In this study, physiological saline concentrations, two cancer and stem cell lines were utilized. All the results were statistically tested and confirmed. The findings of the assays show, that the introduced BIS technology is appropriate to be used in vitro experiments with high efficacy. The experimental results demonstrate high correlation values across the replicates, and the model parameters suggested that the characteristic differences among the various cell lines can be detected using appropriate hypothesis tests.
Early warning signals for predicting cryptomarket vendor success using dark net forum networks
Authors: Boekhout Hanjo D. , Blokland Arjan A. J. , Takes Frank W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work we focus on identifying key players in dark net cryptomarkets that facilitate online trade of illegal goods. Law enforcement aims to disrupt criminal activity conducted through these markets by targeting key players vital to the market’s existence and success. We particularly focus on detecting successful vendors responsible for the majority of illegal trade. Our methodology aims to uncover whether the task of key player identification should center around plainly measuring user and forum activity, or that it requires leveraging specific patterns of user communication. We focus on a large-scale dataset from the Evolution cryptomarket, which we model as an evolving communication network. Results indicate that user and forum activity, measured through topic engagement, is best able to identify successful vendors. Interestingly, considering users with higher betweenness centrality in the communication network further improves performance, also identifying successful vendors with moderate activity on the forum. But more importantly, analyzing the forum data over time, we find evidence that attaining a high betweenness score comes before vendor success. This suggests that the proposed network-driven approach of modelling user communication might prove useful as an early warning signal for key player identification.
Optimized medium composition in Physalis alkekengi callus culture altered nitric oxide level for inducing antioxidant enzyme activities and secondary metabolites
Authors: Hassanpour Halimeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhysalis alkekengiL. is a valuable medicinal plant from the Solanaceae family and has multiple therapeutic applications. This study aimed to develop an optimized protocol for callogenesis inP. alkekengito obtain friable calluses with high biomass. The effect of different concentrations of picloram, casein hydrolysate (CH), basal media (Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Gamborg (B5)), and static magnetic field (SMF) were investigated on the callus induction and growth, signaling molecules, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Results showed that CH (200 mgL−1) and SMF4 mT for 90 min increased callus induction and fresh weight inP. alkekengi, while different concentrations of picloram reduced callogenesis. Hypocotyl explants showed various callogenesis and metabolic responses depending on the basal medium type. The 2B5 medium supplied with CH 200 (mgL−1) induced friable and cream calluses with high biomass (0.62 g) compared to the MS medium (control). The maximum activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities was identified in the 2B5 medium and peroxidase in the 2MS medium. The highest total phenolic (129.44 µg g−1DW) content and phenylalanine-ammonia lyase activity were obtained in the 2MS medium, and total withanolides (49.86 µg g-1DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity were observed in the 2B5 medium. The 2MS medium boosted the hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide levels, while their contents alleviated in the 2B5 medium, although these parameters were higher than the control. The findings of this study suggest that an effective protocol for successful callogenesis inP. alkekengiand the nutrient composition of culture medium by affecting the level of signaling molecules can control the antioxidant defense system and callus growth.
Land use change and Ecological Network in rapid urban growth region in Selangor region, Malaysia
Authors: Ma Tian Zi , Teh Bor Tsong , Kho Mei Ye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRapid urbanization will cause various land use changes and the vast occupation of green spaces, a critical factor in the deterioration of biodiversity in urbanized areas. Some species of wildlife are endangered due to habitat shrunk and fragmentation. However, Malaysia's current biodiversity protection range is still limited. The Ecological Network (EN) refers to a framework of ecological components, which can be obtained by geographical and technical approaches to support more ecological diversity ranges. Furthermore, little research has been found on EN in Malaysia and the impact of land use change on EN. Therefore, the Selangor region is selected as the study area. This paper quantifies land use change and measures the extent of land use change to obtain the EN’s change. The result has shown that forestland has decreased, explored by people for housing and agriculture from 2000 to 2020. The EN has a trend of fragmentation. Overall, this study's results imply that the land use change led to EN's worsened performance from 2000 to 2020 in the study area. This paper hopes that this research could help supply information on conserving biodiversity in future development and urban sustainable planning in Malaysia.
Construction and application of product optimisation design model driven by user requirements
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Jia Dongyi , Qiao Xianling , Zhang Nan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUser requirements serve as the primary reference content in product design. The effective capture of crucial user requirements, followed by the development of a product technical solution aligned with these requirements, stands as a pivotal approach to enhancing design efficiency. In order to explore the problem of generating and decision-making of product technical solutions in the case of complex user demands, this study constructs a user requirements driven product optimization design model, which is used to complete the generation and decision-making of product design solutions in a more reasonable way. The model unfolds across three key stages: Firstly, a user requirements importance ranking system is crafted leveraging Kano Model and Pairwise Analysis. Next, employing the Functional Analysis System Techniques (FAST) theory and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) theory, user requirements undergo transformation into technical solutions. Finally, these technical solutions are amalgamated into diverse technical combinations, with decisions facilitated by a game theory model to yield the optimal overall design solution. The new optimal design model reduces the influence of subjectivity and ambiguity in the process of user requirements analysis, increases the reliability of the transformation of user requirements into technical solutions, and improves the efficiency of the generation and decision-making of product design solutions under multiobjective situations. The model proposed in this study is exemplified through the development of a medicated bath water heater. Results indicate that the technical solution derived from the model surpasses similar products in terms of user satisfaction, thereby validating its feasibility.
Delta waves as a sign of cortical plasticity after full-face transplantation
Authors: Süzen Esra , Şavklıyıldız Ayhan , Özkan Ömer , Çolak Ömer Halil , Apaydın Doğan Ebru , Özkan Özlenen , Şimşek Buket , Uluşar Ümit Deniz , Carlak Hamza Feza , Polat Övünç , Uysal Hilmi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focused on detecting the reflections of healing and change in cortex activation in full-face transplantation and lesions patients on EEG activity. Face transplant patients have facial lesions before transplantation and, to identify pre-face transplant patients' brain activity in the absence of pre-transplant recordings, we used data obtained from pre-transplant facial lesion patients. Ten healthy, four facial lesion and three full-face transplant patients participated in this study. EEG data recorded for four different sensory stimuli (brush from the right face, right hand, left face, and left-hand regions) were analyzed using wavelet packet transform method. EEG waves were analyzed for standard bands. Our findings indicate significant change in the 2–4 Hz frequency range which may be a result of ongoing or previous cortical reorganization for face lesion and transplant patients. Alterations of the delta wave seen in patients with facial lesion and face transplant can also be explained by the intense central plasticity. Our findings show that the delta band differences might be used as a marker in the evaluation of post-transplant cortical plasticity in the future.
A new leaf essential oil from the Andean species Gynoxys szyszylowiczii Hieron. of southern Ecuador: chemical and enantioselective analyses
Authors: Maldonado Yessenia E. , Malagón Omar , Cumbicus Nixon , Gilardoni Gianluca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe essential oil obtained from the dry leaves of Gynoxys szyszylowiczii Hieron. was described in this study for the first time. The chemical analysis, conducted on two stationary phases of different polarity, permitted to identify sixty-four compounds, that were quantified with at least one column. The main components, on a non-polar and polar stationary phase respectively, were germacrene D (21.6–19.2%), α-pinene (4.4–4.9%), n-tricosane (4.3% on both columns), (E)-β-caryophyllene (3.3–4.3%), 1-docosene (3.2–2.8%), α-cadinol (2.8–3.1%), and cis-β-guaiene (2.6–3.0%). This investigation was complemented by the enantioselective analysis of some major chiral compounds, carried out on two chiral selectors based on β-cyclodextrines. As a result, (S)-( +)-α-phellandrene, (S)-( +)-β-phellandrene, and (1S,2R,6R,7R,8R)-( +)-α-copaene appeared enantiomerically pure, whereas α-pinene, β-pinene, terpinen-4-ol, and germacrene D were detected as scalemic mixtures. Finally, linalool was practically racemic. The distillation yield, analytically calculated by weight of dry plant material, was 0.03%.
Prediction of formation abrasiveness under the action of a PDC bit based on the fractal dimension of a rock surface
Authors: Wang Changhao , Li Shaojie , Li You , Hou Lidong , Bai Jinsong , Feng Qianwen , Liu Zhaoyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring rock drilling, a drill bit will wear as it breaks the rock. However, there is no uniform grading standard for rock abrasiveness. To solve this problem, the wear mechanisms of a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit and the formation it is drilling into are analyzed in depth, and an abrasiveness evaluation method based on the fractal dimension of the rock surface topography is established. Initially, a three-dimensional digital model is generated from a scanning electron microscope image of the rock after drilling; next, an evaluation of the irregularities on the rock surface is performed using an adapted Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (W-M) function to ascertain the fractal dimensionality. Then, the microcontact characteristics of the contact surface between the formation and the PDC bit are analyzed, and the distribution of the microconvex contact points of the two-body friction pair in a region is obtained. Because the sliding friction between the drill bit and the rock produces a large amount of heat, according to the contact area formula of the friction surface and heat conduction theory, the temperature rise and overall temperature distribution of the formation and PDC bit under the condition of sliding friction are revealed, and the real contact area between the formation and the drill bit within a certain temperature range is obtained. Finally, the evaluation index of rock abrasiveness under sliding conditions is established by adopting the wear weight loss of the rock cutting tool per unit volume as the index of rock abrasiveness, and the model is verified by a microdrilling experiment. The research in this paper is highly important for improving the rock-breaking efficiency and bit service life during drilling.
Identification of a pro-protein synthesis osteosarcoma subtype for predicting prognosis and treatment
Authors: Yi Chengfeng , Liu Jun , Zhao Shibing , Gong Deliang , Xu Bohan , Li Ao , Bian Erbao , Tian Dasheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a heterogeneous malignant spindle cell tumor that is aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Although combining surgery and chemotherapy has significantly improved patient outcomes, the prognosis for OS patients with metastatic or recurrent OS has remained unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is imperative to gain a fresh perspective on OS development mechanisms and treatment strategies. After studying single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data in public databases, we identified seven OS subclonal types based on intra-tumor heterogeneity. Subsequently, we constructed a prognostic model based on pro-protein synthesis osteosarcoma (PPS-OS)-associated genes. Correlation analysis showed that the prognostic model performs extremely well in predicting OS patient prognosis. We also demonstrated that the independent risk factors for the prognosis of OS patients were tumor primary site, metastatic status, and risk score. Based on these factors, nomograms were constructed for predicting the 3- and 5-year survival rates. Afterward, the investigation of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) revealed the vital roles of γδ T-cell and B-cell activation. Drug sensitivity analysis and immune checkpoint analysis identified drugs that have potential application value in OS. Finally, the jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene was selected for experimental validation. JTB silencing suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OS cells. Therefore, our research suggests that PPS-OS-related genes facilitate the malignant progression of OS and may be employed as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets in OS.
Antibiotics are associated with worse outcomes in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Elkrief Arielle , Méndez-Salazar Eder Orlando , Maillou Jade , Vanderbilt Chad M. , Gogia Pooja , Desilets Antoine , Messaoudene Meriem , Kelly Daniel , Ladanyi Marc , Hellmann Matthew D. , Zitvogel Laurence , Rudin Charles M. , Routy Bertrand , Derosa Lisa , Schoenfeld Adam J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnti-PD(L)-1 inhibition combined with platinum doublet chemotherapy (Chemo-IO) has become the most frequently used standard of care regimen in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The negative impact of antibiotics on clinical outcomes prior to anti-PD(L)-1 inhibition monotherapy (IO) has been demonstrated in multiple studies, but the impact of antibiotic exposure prior to initiation of Chemo-IO is controversial. We assessed antibiotic exposures at two time windows: within 60 days prior to therapy (-60 d window) and within 60 days prior to therapy and 42 days after therapy (-60 + 42d window) in 2028 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with Chemo-IO and IO monotherapy focusing on objective response rate (ORR: rate of partial response and complete response), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We also assessed impact of antibiotic exposure in an independent cohort of 53 patients. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted along with a meta-analysis from similar studies. For the -60 d window, in the Chemo-IO group (N = 769), 183 (24%) patients received antibiotics. Antibiotic exposure was associated with worse ORR (27% vs 40%, p = 0.001), shorter PFS (3.9 months vs. 5.9 months, hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95%CI 1.1,1.6, p = 0.0012), as well as shorter OS (10 months vs. 15 months, HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.2,1.8, p = 0.00014). After adjusting for known prognostic factors in NSCLC, antibiotic exposure was independently associated with worse PFS (HR 1.39, 95%CI 1.35,1.7, p = 0.002) and OS (HR 1.61, 95%CI 1.28,2.03, p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained in the -60 + 42d window, and also in an independent cohort. In a meta-analysis of patients with NSCLC treated with Chemo-IO (N = 4) or IO monotherapy (N = 13 studies) antibiotic exposure before treatment was associated with worse OS among all patients (n = 11,351) (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.52, 2.45) and Chemo-IO-treated patients (n = 1201) (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28, 1.84). Thus, antibiotics exposure prior to Chemo-IO is common and associated with worse outcomes, even after adjusting for other factors. These results highlight the need to implement antibiotic stewardship in routine oncology practice.