bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neotectonics and geomorphic evolution of the northwestern arm of the Yellowstone Tectonic Parabola
Authors: Ruleman Chester A. , Larsen Mort , Stickney Michael C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The catastrophic Hebgen Lake earthquake of 18 August 1959 (MW7.3) led many geoscientists to develop new methods to better understand active tectonics in extensional tectonic regimes that address seismic hazards. The Madison Range fault system and adjacent Hebgen Lake–Red Canyon fault system provide an intermountain-active tectonic analog for regional analyses of extensional crustal deformation. The Madison Range fault system comprises fault zones (~100 km in length) that have multiple salients and embayments marked by preexisting structures exposed in the footwall. Quaternary tectonic activity rates differ along the length of the fault system, with less displacement to the north. Within the Hebgen Lake basin, the 1959 earthquake is the latest slip event in the Hebgen Lake–Red Canyon fault system and southern Madison Range fault system. Geomorphic and paleoseismic investigations indicate previous faulting events on both fault systems. Surficial geologic mapping and historic seismicity support a coseismic structural linkage between the Madison Range and Hebgen Lake–Red Canyon fault systems.
On this trip, we will look at Quaternary surface ruptures that characterize prehistoric earthquake magnitudes. The one-day field trip begins and ends in Bozeman, and includes an overview of the active tectonics within the Madison Valley and Hebgen Lake basin, southwestern Montana. We will also review geologic evidence, which includes new geologic maps and geomorphic analyses that demonstrate preexisting structural controls on surface rupture patterns along the Madison Range and Hebgen Lake–Red Canyon fault systems.
The Yellowstone and Regal talc mines and their geologic setting in southwestern Montana
Authors: Underwood Sandra J. , Childs John F. , Walby Chad P. , Lynn Helen B. , Wall Zachary S. , Cerino Michael T. , Bartlett Ericka 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We summarize the geologic settings, generalized geology, and inferred conditions of talc formation for two major deposits in southwestern Montana. Imerys Talc operates the Yellowstone Mine in the Gravelly Range. Barretts Minerals Inc., a subsidiary of Minerals Technologies Incorporated, mines talc from two large deposits—the Regal and the Treasure—in the southern Ruby Range. Talc mineralization in southwestern Montana is associated with hydrothermal alteration of Archean dolomitic marbles along faults in the southern margin of the middle Proterozoic Belt Seaway. Conditions of talc formation appear to have varied across the region and probably range from shallow hot spring systems to connate brine circulation pathways in Belt basin sediments. A road log description of the geology along a loop from Bozeman to Dillon, Montana, to visit both the Yellowstone and Regal talc mines accompanies this paper.
A cohort study of influences, health outcomes and costs of patients’ health-seeking behaviour for minor ailments from primary and emergency care settings
Authors: Watson M C , Ferguson J , Barton G R , Maskrey V , Blyth A , Paudyal V , Bond C M , Holland R , Porteous T , Sach T H , Wright D , Fielding S 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo compare health-related and cost-related outcomes of consultations for symptoms suggestive of minor ailments in emergency departments (EDs), general practices and community pharmacies.DesignObservational study; prospective cohort design.SettingEDs (n=2), general practices (n=6) and community pharmacies (n=10) in a mix of rural/urban and deprived/affluent areas across North East Scotland and East Anglia. Participants Adults (≥18 years) presenting between 09:00 and 18:00 (Monday–Friday) in general practices and 09:00–18:00 (Monday–Saturday) in pharmacies and EDs with ≥1 of the following: musculoskeletal pain; eye discomfort; gastrointestinal disturbance; or upper respiratory tract-related symptoms.InterventionsParticipants completed three questionnaires: baseline (prior to index consultation); satisfaction with index consultation and follow-up (2 weeks after index consultation).Main outcome measuresSymptom resolution, quality of life, costs, satisfaction and influences on care-seeking behaviour.Results377 patients participated, recruited from EDs (81), general practices (162) and community pharmacies (134). The 2-week response rate was 70% (264/377). Symptom resolution was similar across all three settings: ED (37.3%), general practice (35.7%) and pharmacy (44.3%). Mean overall costs per consultation were significantly lower for pharmacy (£29.30 (95% CI £21.60 to £37.00)) compared with general practice (£82.34 (95% CI £63.10 to £101.58)) and ED (£147.09 (95% CI £125.32 to £168.85)). Satisfaction varied across settings and by measure used. Compared with pharmacy and general practice use, ED use was significantly (p<0.001) associated with first episode and short duration of symptom(s), as well as higher levels of perceived seriousness and urgency for seeking care. Convenience of location was the most common reason for choice of consultation setting.ConclusionsThese results suggest similar health-related outcomes and substantially lower costs with pharmacy consultations for minor ailments. Effective strategies are now needed to shift demand for minor ailment management away from EDs and general practices to the community pharmacy setting.
Do guidelines offer implementation advice to target users? A systematic review of guideline applicability
Authors: Gagliardi Anna R , Brouwers Melissa C 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveProviders and patients are most likely to use and benefit from guidelines accompanied by implementation support. Guidelines published in 2007 and earlier assessed with the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument scored poorly for applicability, which reflects the inclusion of implementation instructions or tools. The purpose of this study was to examine the applicability of guidelines published in 2008 or later and identify factors associated with applicability.DesignSystematic review of studies that used AGREE to assess guidelines published in 2008 or later.Data sourcesMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 2008 to July 2014, and the reference lists of eligible items. Two individuals independently screened results for English language studies that reviewed guidelines using AGREE and reported all domain scores, and extracted data. Descriptive statistics were calculated across all domains. Multilevel regression analysis with a mixed effects model identified factors associated with applicability.ResultsOf 245 search results, 53 were retrieved as potentially relevant and 20 studies were eligible for review. The mean and median domain scores for applicability across 137 guidelines published in 2008 or later were 43.6% and 42.0% (IQR 21.8–63.0%), respectively. Applicability scored lower than all other domains, and did not markedly improve compared with guidelines published in 2007 or earlier. Country (UK) and type of developer (disease-specific foundation, non-profit healthcare system) appeared to be associated with applicability when assessed with AGREE II (not original AGREE).ConclusionsDespite increasing recognition of the need for implementation tools, guidelines continue to lack such resources. To improve healthcare delivery and associated outcomes, further research is needed to establish the type of implementation tools needed and desired by healthcare providers and consumers, and methods for developing high-quality tools.
National survey of physicians to determine the effect of unconditional incentives on response rates of physician postal surveys
Authors: Abdulaziz Kasim , Brehaut Jamie , Taljaard Monica , Émond Marcel , Sirois Marie-Josée , Lee Jacques S , Wilding Laura , Perry Jeffrey J 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesPhysicians are a commonly targeted group in health research surveys, but their response rates are often relatively low. The goal of this paper was to evaluate the effect of unconditional incentives in the form of a coffee card on physician postal survey response rates.DesignFollowing 13 key informant interviews and eight cognitive interviews a survey questionnaire was developed.ParticipantsA random sample of 534 physicians, stratified by physician group (geriatricians, family physicians, emergency physicians) was selected from a national medical directory.SettingUsing computer generated random numbers; half of the physicians in each stratum were allocated to receive a coffee card to a popular national coffee chain together with the first survey mailout.InterventionsThe intervention was a $10 Tim Hortons gift card given to half of the physicians who were randomly allocated to receive the incentive.Results265 (57.0%) physicians completed the survey. The response rate was significantly higher in the group allocated to receive the incentive (62.7% vs 51.3% in the control group; p=0.01).ConclusionsOur results indicate that an unconditional incentive in the form of a coffee gift card can substantially improve physician response rates. Future research can look at the effect of varying amounts of cash on the gift cards on response rates.
A geospatial analysis of the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and adult severe injury in Greater Vancouver
Authors: Lawson Fiona , Schuurman Nadine , Amram Ofer , Nathens Avery B 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundEvery year, injuries cost the Canadian healthcare system billions of dollars and result in thousands of emergency room visits, hospitalisations and deaths. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) and the rates of all-cause, unintentional and intentional severe injury in Greater Vancouver adults. A second objective was to determine whether the identified associations were spatially consistent or non-stationary.MethodsSevere injury cases occurring between 2001 and 2006 were identified using the British Columbia's Coroner's Service records and the British Columbia Trauma Registry, and mapped by census dissemination areas using a geographical information system. Descriptive statistics and exploratory spatial data analysis methods were used to gain a better understanding of the data sets and to explore the relationship between the rates of severe injury and two measures of NSES (social and material deprivation). Ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression were used to model these relationships at the global and local levels.ResultsInverse relationships were identified between both measures of NSES and the rates of severe injury with the strongest associations located in Greater Vancouver's most socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods. Social deprivation was found to have a slightly stronger relationship with the rates of severe injury than material deprivation.ConclusionsResults of this study suggest that policies and programmes aimed at reducing the burden of severe injury in Greater Vancouver should take into account social and material deprivation, and should target the most socioeconomically deprived neighbourhoods in Greater Vancouver.
A prospective study of the 1-year incidence of fibromyalgia after acute whiplash injury
Authors: Ferrari Robert 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo measure the 1-year incidence of fibromyalgia in a cohort of acute whiplash-injured participants.MethodsConsecutive acute patients with whiplash were assessed via the 2010 Modified American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for fibromyalgia at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year postinjury. At each of these follow-up points, participants were also examined for recovery from whiplash injury.ResultsOf an initial 268 participants, data on recovery was available for 264 participants during the 1-year follow-up period. At the 3-month follow-up, 62% (167/268) of participants reported recovery from their whiplash injuries. At 6 months, 76% (203/268) reported recovery, and at 1 year 82% (216/264) reported recovery. At 3 and 6 months follow-up none of the participants met the 2010 Modified ACR Criteria for fibromyalgia, but fibromyalgia criteria were met for 2 (of 264) seen at the 1-year follow-up, yielding a 1-year incidence of 0.8% (95% CI 0.1% to 3.0%).ConclusionsIn the primary care setting, a significant proportion of patients with whiplash recover from whiplash injury at 1 year, and the incidence of fibromyalgia after acute whiplash injury is very low. The impression that fibromyalgia is common after whiplash injury may be due to the failure to exclude precollision fibromyalgia cases or due to referral bias of non-recovered patients.
Patient-reported improvements in health are maintained 2 years after completing a short course of cognitive behaviour therapy, exercise or both treatments for chronic widespread pain: long-term results from the MUSICIAN randomised controlled trial
Authors: Beasley Marcus , Prescott Gordon J , Scotland Graham , McBeth John , Lovell Karina , Keeley Phil , Hannaford Philip C , Symmons Deborah P M , MacDonald Ross I R , Woby Steve , Macfarlane Gary J 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThe MUSICIAN study has previously shown short-term benefit but only marginal cost-effectiveness for two non-pharmacological interventions for chronic widespread pain (CWP). We wished to determine their long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.MethodsA 2×2 factorial randomised controlled trial based in primary care in the UK. People were eligible if they were aged ≥25 years with CWP for which they had consulted their general practitioner. The interventions were a 6-month telephone cognitive behaviour therapy (tCBT) and/or a tailored exercise programme, in comparison to usual care. The primary outcome was patient-reported change in health.Results884 persons were eligible, 442 were randomised and 81.7% were followed up 24 months post-treatment. In comparison to usual care (positive outcome 12.8%), tCBT (35.4%; OR 3.7 95% CI (1.8 to 8.0)), exercise (29.3%; OR 2.8 95% CI (1.3 to 6.0)) and both interventions (31.2%; OR 3.1 95% CI (1.3 to 6.0)) were significantly more effective. There was only a small decrease in effectiveness over time for individual and combined treatments. Those with more intense/disabling pain, higher distress and those who exhibited passive coping at baseline were more likely to have a positive outcome with tCBT than persons without these characteristics. tCBT was associated with the greatest increase in quality of life and lowest costs. Cost per quality adjusted life year was £3957–£5917 depending on method of analysis.ConclusionsA short course of tCBT for people with CWP was effective long-term and was highly cost-effective. Exercise was also effective but delivered positive outcome for fewer patients at greater cost, and there was no advantage for patients receiving both interventions.Trial registration numberISRCTN67013851.
The seismic risk perception questionnaire
Authors: Crescimbene M. , La Longa F. , Camassi R. , Pino N. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The communication of natural hazards and their consequences is one of the more relevant ethical issues faced by scientists. In the last few years, social studies have provided evidence that risk communication is strongly influenced by the risk perception of the public. A theory that offers an integrative approach to understanding and explaining risk perception is still missing. To explain risk perception, it is necessary to consider several perspectives: social, psychological and cultural perspectives and their interactions. In our opinion, the semantic differential method is one of the most suitable methods to understand all these aspects. A questionnaire on the perception of seismic risk has been constructed using this method. The questionnaire consists of an informative part and seven sections, respectively, dedicated to the following: hazard, vulnerability (home and workplace), exposure, institutions and community, earthquake phenomena, risk information and their sources and a comparison between seismic risk and other natural hazards. The questionnaire allows one to obtain a perception score for each factor: hazard, exposure, vulnerability, institutions and community and earthquake phenomena. In January 2013, the first survey was conducted in Italy; preliminary data are discussed. Improving our knowledge about the perception of seismic risk would allow us to plan activities in advance for the mitigation of seismic risk and for more effective strategies for risk communication.
Unlocking stranded resources in naturally fractured reservoirs using a novel approach to structural reconstructions and palaeostress field modelling: an example from the Hoton field, southern North Sea, UKCS
Authors: Bergbauer Stephan , Maerten Laurent 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Remaining resources in mature basins, such as the southern North Sea (SNS), are often associated with complex or unconventional reservoirs. Unlocking the value of these resources requires non-conventional approaches to the description and the development of the reservoir. Originally developed as a conventional reservoir, the Hoton field in the SNS delivers economic rates from a tight and fractured Lower Leman Sandstone. The northern part of the field is developed via a trilateral producer, but the field's southern half, which appraisal drilling showed to consist of poor-quality rock, was deemed too tight for development. Roughly 40% of the field's resource of dry gas lies within the southern part of the field with no plans to develop it. A reassessment of the southern area's potential using geomechanical tools suggests that it also could deliver commercial well rates, similar to those experienced in the northern area of the field. A combination of structural restorations using Dynel2D and forward deformation modelling using Poly3D produces palaeostress predictions, which are used to constrain a discrete fracture network model. From these, well profiles are generated that suggest that a development well into the southern part of the field can recover about half of the currently stranded resource.
Phase II Study of Nilotinib in Melanoma Harboring KIT Alterations Following Progression to Prior KIT Inhibition
Authors: Carvajal Richard D. , Lawrence Donald P. , Weber Jeffrey S. , Gajewski Thomas F. , Gonzalez Rene , Lutzky Jose , O'Day Steven J. , Hamid Omid , Wolchok Jedd D. , Chapman Paul B. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Teitcher Jerrold B. , Ramaiya Nikhil , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Antonescu Cristina R. , Heinrich Michael C. , Bastian Boris C. , Corless Christopher L. , Fletcher Jonathan A. , Hodi F. Stephen 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Although durable responses can be achieved with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib in melanomas harboring KIT mutations, the efficacy of alternative inhibitors after progression to imatinib and the activity of these agents on brain metastases are unknown.
Experimental Design: We conducted a phase II study of nilotinib 400 mg twice a day in two cohorts of patients with melanomas harboring KIT mutations or amplification: (A) those refractory or intolerant to a prior KIT inhibitor; and (B) those with brain metastases. The primary endpoint was 4-month disease control rate. Secondary endpoints included response rate, time-to-progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). A Simon two-stage and a single-stage design was planned to assess for the primary endpoint in cohorts A and B, respectively.
Results: Twenty patients were enrolled and 19 treated (11 in cohort A; 8 in cohort B). Three patients on cohort A [27%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8%–56%] and 1 on cohort B (12.5%; 90% CI, 0.6%–47%) achieved the primary endpoint. Two partial responses were observed in cohort A (18.2%; 90% CI, 3%–47%); none were observed in cohort B. The median TTP and OS was 3.3 (90% CI, 2.1–3.9 months) and 9.1 months (90% CI, 4.3–14.2 months), respectively, in all treated patients.
Conclusions: Nilotinib may achieve disease control in patients with melanoma harboring KIT alterations and whose disease progressed after imatinib therapy. The efficacy of this agent in KIT-altered melanoma with brain metastasis is limited. Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2289–96. ©2015 AACR.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an Inducible Gene Encoding Interleukin-12 for the Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Zhang Ling , Morgan Richard A. , Beane Joal D. , Zheng Zhili , Dudley Mark E. , Kassim Sadik H. , Nahvi Azam V. , Ngo Lien T. , Sherry Richard M. , Phan Giao Q. , Hughes Marybeth S. , Kammula Udai S. , Feldman Steven A. , Toomey Mary Ann , Kerkar Sid P. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Yang James C. , Rosenberg Steven A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurpose: Infusion of interleukin-12 (IL12) can mediate antitumor immunity in animal models, yet its systemic administration to patients with cancer results in minimal efficacy and severe toxicity. Here, we evaluated the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) genetically engineered to secrete single-chain IL12 selectively at the tumor site.Experimental Design: Thirty-three patients with metastatic melanoma were treated in a cell dose–escalation trial of autologous TILs transduced with a gene encoding a single-chain IL12 driven by a nuclear factor of the activated T cells promoter (NFAT.IL12). No IL2 was administered.Results: The administration of 0.001 to 0.1 × 109 NFAT.IL12–transduced TILs to 17 patients resulted in a single, objective response (5.9%). However, at doses between 0.3 and 3 × 109 cells, 10 of 16 patients (63%) exhibited objective clinical responses. The responses tended to be short, and the administered IL12-producing cells rarely persisted at 1 month. Increasing cell doses were associated with high serum levels of IL12 and IFNγ as well as clinical toxicities, including liver dysfunction, high fevers, and sporadic life-threatening hemodynamic instability.Conclusions: In this first-in-man trial, administration of TILs transduced with an inducible IL12 gene mediated tumor responses in the absence of IL2 administration using cell doses 10- to 100-fold lower than conventional TILs. However, due to toxicities, likely attributable to the secreted IL12, further refinement will be necessary before this approach can be safely used in the treatment of cancer patients. Clin Cancer Res; 21(10); 2278–88. ©2015 AACR.