bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Treatment of Esophagoenteroanastomosis Leakage after Total Gastrectomy
Authors: Peregorodiev I. N. , Zaderenko I. A. , Batyrov K. A. , Nered S. N. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: to present the difficulties of the choice of surgical tactics in case of esophagoenteroanastomosis suture failure after gastrectomy.Key points. In patient K., 55 years old, after a planned surgical intervention involving gastrectomy for stomach cancer, leakage of the esophagoenteroanastomosis sutures was noted. An attempt to re-form the esophageal-intestinal anastomosis did not lead to success, despite the early stages of relaparotomy, therefore, in order to relieve purulent complications, it was decided to take the path of “disconnecting” the esophagus, for which the cervical esophagus was transected and brought out in the form of two stomas, and the distal end of the esophagus was sutured tightly. Adequate drainage of the esophageal stump area and disconnection of the esophagus at the cervical level made it possible to avoid purulent complications in the abdominal cavity. The reconstructive stage was performed after 6 months in the amount of a colonic insert between the distal esophagus and the jejunum and plastic surgery of the esophagus using a skin insert in the neck.Conclusion. The chosen treatment tactics was determined by the impossibility of conservative treatment of the suture failure of the esophageal-intestinal anastomosis due to ischemic disorders and necrosis of the small intestine anastomosed with the esophagus. Disconnection of the esophagus after repeated suture failure of the esophageal-intestinal anastomosis seemed to be the only chance to stop the flow of esophageal contents into the abdominal cavity and thereby eliminate the source of purulent complications. The esophagoplasty option used turned out to be the safest and allowed to save the patient’s life.
Pathogenesis of Disorders of the Motor Function of the Large Intestine in Functional Constipation
Authors: Galagudza M. M. , Uspensky Yu. P. , Fominykh Yu. A. , Butko D. Yu. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: to analyze the scientific literature on the role of various factors in the mechanisms of development of functional constipation and to summarize the current data on its leading pathogenetic mechanisms.Key points. Constipation occurs in 15 % of the adult population in the world and leads to a significant decrease in the quality of life, and in combination with some other symptoms may indicate the presence of an organic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenetic basis of functional constipation (FC) with slow intestinal transit is a decrease in colonic motor function, which is confirmed by the results of high-resolution manometry. FC is characterized by disturbances in such motor patterns of the colon as low and high amplitude propagating contractions, segmental non-propagating contractions, and general increases in pressure. The main FC mechanisms associated with neurogenic dysregulation include impaired function of the gray and white matter of the brain, as well as an increase in the tone of the sympathetic nervous system with a concomitant decrease in the influence of cholinergic nerves innervating the large intestine. A key role in the FC development belongs to a decrease in the pool of interstitial cells, which play the role of an intestinal pacemaker, due to slowing of their self-renewal. FC-associated changes in the enteric nervous system include a relative excess of the contribution of inhibitory influences and a decrease in the activity of cholinergic and serotonergic neurons that stimulate intestinal motility. A certain role in the occurrence of reduced motor function of the colon may have an imbalance in the production of intestinal hormones synthesized by enteroendocrine cells, namely, a deficiency of motility stimulants, which include motilin, gastrin, ghrelin and cholecystokinin, as well as a relative excess of hormones that suppress motility (somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide). Changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota can also contribute to the FC occurrence, which is associated with a dysfunction of the metabolite profile produced by intestinal bacteria.Conclusions. Functional constipation is a classic multifactorial disease, in the etiology of which the adverse effects of the genotype are combined with multiple acquired risk factors. A more complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the FC development can serve as the basis for the emergence of new effective treatments for this common pathology.
Parameters of the Component Composition of the Body and Their Relationship with the Development of Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Zharikov Yu. O. , Zharkova M. S. , Gadjiakhmedova A. N. , Aliyeva A. M. , Nikolenko V. N. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: to evaluate the relationship of body composition components with the development of ascites in patients with liver cirrhosis.Materials and methods. One hundred and ten patients (44 men and 66 women) with the established diagnosis of liver cirrhosis were treated at the University Clinical Hospital No 2 of the Sechenov University. The assessment of the component composition of the patients’ body was carried out using the ABC-01 “MEDASS” device (“MEDASS”, Russia). Ascites diagnosis was performed using ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space.Results. The values of body mass index (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.002), active cell mass (p < 0.001), and phase angle (p < 0.001) were lower in patients with ascites than without it. Patients with a lower percentage of body fat mass had a more severe ascites severity and vice versa, and the proportion of fat mass was generally higher in women than in men (r = –0.290; p = 0.002). Patients with lower active cell mass had higher ascites severity (r = –0.380; p < 0.001). However, this indicator was lower in women than in men. Significant negative correlations were revealed between fat mass, active cell mass, phase angle (r = –0.395; p < 0.001) and the severity of ascites.Conclusion. Our study confirms the importance of body composition parameters in the development of ascites in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Insufficient amount of fat and muscle mass, as well as low values of the phase angle according to the results of bioimpedance can become predictors of the development of ascites. Evaluation of these components can be used in prognostic models to identify patients with an increased risk of ascites. Further research in this area will help to better understand the mechanisms of ascites development and develop effective methods of prevention and treatment of this complication in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Associated with Increased Risk of Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Predominant Constipation: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Trush E. A. , Karchevskaya A. E. , Maslennikov R. V. , Poluektova E. A. , Shifrin O. S. , Ivashkin V. T. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Genetic predisposition in combination with environmental factors and the patient’s psychological and emotional state play a key role in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Studies of association between genetic polymorphisms and IBS can help in understanding the key pathophysiological mechanisms. To date, 11 meta-analyses on this issue have been published, however, none of them comprehensively summarize the data on the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms in IBS with predominant constipation (IBS-C).Aim: to summarize the published data on the impact of genetic polymorphisms on the risk of IBS-C.Materials and methods. A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Identified studies were used for a meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Publications investigating genetic polymorphisms in patients with IBS-C were included in this analysis.Results. A total of 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. The collected data were sufficient to conduct a meta-analysis on polymorphisms of three of the listed genes: SLC6A4 (10 articles), GNB3 (5 articles), ADRA2A (4 articles). No significant association was found between the SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism, GNB3 c.825C > T (rs5443) polymorphism and either IBS or IBS-C. It was found that ADRA2A 1291C>G polymorphism was significantly associated with both IBS and IBS-C.Conclusions. Our meta-analysis revealed that ADRA2A 1291C>G polymorphism was significantly associated with both IBS and IBS-C in the mixed population. Neither homozygous nor heterozygous variants of the SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism and GNB3 C825T polymorphism were associated with either IBS-C or IBS as a whole.
Diagnosis of Non-Tumor Stenosing Lesions of the Major Duodenal Papilla Using Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Authors: Belozerov V. A. , Okhotnikov O. I. , Korenevskiy N. A. , Prokopov V. A. , Grigoriev S. N. , Shevyakin S. M. 
Published: August 2024

Aim: to evaluate the possibilities of endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of benign stenosis of the major duodenal papilla and improve its results, including by identifying and objectifying the criteria of the disease.Materials and methods. The results of the examination and treatment of 2146 patients treated at the Kursk Regional Multidisciplinary Clinical Hospital in the period from 2015 to 2022, who underwent transpapillary interventions and/or endoscopic ultrasonography on the basis of the endoscopy department, are presented. A therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for the management of patients with dilation of the common bile duct has been introduced into clinical practice, based on the developed criteria for stenosis of the major duodenal papilla (MDP), for which endoscopic ultrasonography was used in combination with the methodology of synthesis of hybrid fuzzy decision rules.The algorithm was implemented in a group of patients, which included 217 people.Results. Using the developed endosonographic criteria for MDP stenosis and the methodology for the synthesis of fuzzy decision rules, a production decision rule for the diagnosis of MDP stenosis was determined with a decision made according to a threshold set by experts at the level of 0.9. Guided by the selected information sources, 134 (61.7 %) patients with dilated common bile duct were diagnosed with MDP stenosis, requiring minimally invasive treatment aimed at relief of biliary hypertension and indications for endoscopic papillosphincterotomy were determined. In 83 cases of MDP stenosis, it was decided to abandon transpapillary interventions with subsequent follow-up of patients. Minimally invasive treatment using retrograde and antegrade techniques was performed in 134 patients. Complications were noted in 6 (4.4 %) patients, which is comparable to the number of complications with transpapillary interventions performed in patients without MDP stenosis. When monitoring 54 patients for one to three years, 85.2 % of patients showed regression of clinical, laboratory and instrumental symptoms of biliary hypertension.Conclusions. The combination of endoscopic ultrasonography with fuzzy logic technologies based on hybrid artificial intelligence made it possible to objectify the diagnosis of MDP stenosis and optimize indications for transpapillary interventions.
Implementación de mapas cognitivos difusos con algoritmos genéticos para predecir diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Hoyos William , Ruíz Rander , Hoyos Kenia 
Published: August 2024

La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible, causada por un trastorno en el metabolismo de la glucosa, que provoca un aumento anormal de su concentración en la sangre. El diagnóstico tardío de esta enfermedad contribuye al aumento de las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. El desarrollo de modelos basados en inteligencia artificial para la predicción de diabetes podría acelerar el diagnóstico. Por tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue implementar un modelo de predicción de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 basado en mapas cognitivos difusos entrenado con un algoritmo genético. La metodología empleada consistió en utilizar un conjunto de datos del Instituto Nacional de Diabetes y Enfermedades Digestivas y Renales de la población de indios PIMA, que contiene información demográfica y clínica de 768 pacientes. El 70 % de los datos se empleó para el entrenamiento y validación, y el 30 % restante se utilizó para las pruebas de rendimiento. El modelo de mapas cognitivos difusos puede predecir la enfermedad con un 99 % de exactitud, 98 % de precisión y recall de 100 %. Se concluye que el modelo presenta una buena capacidad para predecir y evaluar el comportamiento de las variables de interés en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, mostrando su valor como herramienta de soporte en la identificación oportuna de la enfermedad y apoyo a la toma de decisiones por parte del profesional médico.
IoT as Audit Evidence: A Reasonable Assurance Framework
Authors: Al-Zamil Zamil S. , Appelbaum Deniz A. , Nehmer Robert A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This study examines the continuing expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its possible development as a source of audit evidence for both internal and external audits. In other words, the auditor checks whether a measure (metric) related to classifying and prioritizing requests and/or incidents is available in the enterprise’s current incident reporting system. This approach uses Design Science Research and is based on the use of auditing standards and frameworks to drive the design of audit plans using metrics available on or derived from the enterprise IoT. This study extends the research on enterprise IoT and its potential application to the enterprise audit process. It provides a framework that illustrates how both internal and external auditors can reasonably assure the provenance and validity of enterprise IoT data while also evaluating the security and controls surrounding its production.
Auditor Use of Benchmarks to Assess Fraud Risk: The Case for Industry Data
Authors: Brazel Joseph F. , Jones Keith L. , Lian Qiyang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Auditors perform preliminary analytical procedures to identify unusual or inconsistent relationships between expectations and recorded balances. The results of preliminary analytical procedures help auditors assess the risk that financial statements are materially misstated due to fraud. Via a survey of practicing auditors, we find that auditors rely heavily on prior-year balances and relations within the client’s financial data as benchmarks when developing expectations. Even though auditing standards describe additional benchmarks, which are less susceptible to management manipulation (e.g., industry trends), our survey results indicate that auditors are less apt to employ these benchmarks. Meanwhile, our empirical analyses of revenue frauds reveal that benchmarks derived from industry data, nonfinancial measures, and cash flows outperform both prior-year balances and relations within the client’s financial data. Of the benchmarks we examine, the difference between a company’s revenue growth and the revenue growth of its industry has historically been the best fraud indicator.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42; M48.
Leptin Activation of Dorsal Raphe Neurons Inhibits Feeding Behavior
Authors: Maxwell Nicholas David , Smiley Cora Erin , Sadek Alia Tereza , Loyo-Rosado Frances Zoe , Giles Daniel Christian , Macht Victoria Alice , Woodruff Jennifer Lynn , Taylor Donzelle Lee , Glass Victoria Marie , Wilson Steven Peter , Reagan Lawrence Patrick , Fadel James Robert , Grillo Claudia Alejandra 
Published: August 2024

Leptin is a homeostatic regulatory element that signals the presence of adipocyte energy stores, reduces food intake, and increases energy expenditure. Similarly, serotonin (5-HT), a signaling molecule found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, also controls food intake. Using neuronal tract tracing, pharmacologic and optogenetic approaches, and in vivo microdialysis, combined with behavioral end points, we tested the hypothesis that leptin controls food intake not only by activating hypothalamic leptin receptors (LepRs) but also through activation of LepRs expressed by serotonergic raphe neurons that send projections to the arcuate (ARC). We showed that microinjection of leptin directly into the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) reduced food intake in rats. This effect was mediated by LepR-expressing neurons in the DRN, because selective optogenetic activation of these neurons at either their DRN cell bodies or their ARC terminals reduced food intake. Anatomically, we identified a unique population of serotonergic raphe neurons expressing LepRs that send projections to the ARC. Finally, by using in vivo microdialysis, we showed that leptin administration to the DRN increased 5-HT efflux into the ARC, and specific antagonism of the 5-HT2C receptors in the ARC diminished the leptin anorectic effect. Overall, this study identified a novel circuit for leptin-mediated control of food intake through a DRN-ARC pathway, identifying a new level of interaction between leptin and serotonin to control food intake. Characterization of this new pathway creates opportunities for understanding how the brain controls eating behavior and opens alternative routes for the treatment of eating disorders.

Article Highlights
Diabetes Overtreatment and Hypoglycemia in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Insulin Therapy: Insights From the HYPOAGE Cohort Study
Authors: Christiaens Antoine , Boureau Anne-Sophie , Guyomarch Béatrice , de Decker Laure , Boland Benoit , Hadjadj Samy , Cariou Bertrand ,   HYPOAGE Study Group, Cariou Bertrand , Hadjadj Samy , Morcel Pierre , Wargny Matthieu , Guyomarch Béatrice , Boureau Anne-Sophie , Chapelet Guillaume , de Decker Laure , Anweiller Cédric , Allix Ingrid , Briet Claire , Gourdy Pierre , Guyonnet Sophie , Paccalin Marc , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Delabrière Isabelle , Litke Rachel , Cervantes Nathalie , Penfornis Alfred 
Published: August 2024

OBJECTIVE
To assess the accuracy of “diabetes overtreatment” proxy definitions in predicting hypoglycemia in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Inclusion of patients from HYPOAGE cohort with insulin-treated T2D, aged ≥75 years, and using a continuous glycemic monitoring (CGM) device for 28 days. “Diabetes overtreatment” was defined as HbA1c &lt;7.0% (fixed proxy definition) or as HbA1c &lt;7.0%, 7.5%, and 8.0% according to patient’s health status (individualized proxy definition). The primary outcome was time below range (TBR) ≥1%.

RESULTS
Of the 134 patients included (81.6 ± 5.4 years, 59% male), 25 (19%) and 53 (40%) were overtreated, based on fixed and individualized proxy definitions, respectively. CGM data showed TBR &gt;1% in nearly all patients regardless of overtreatment status. Both proxy definitions had low sensitivity (20% [14; 29] and 41% [32; 50]) and accuracy (27% [20; 35] and 44% [35; 53]) in predicting hypoglycemia.

CONCLUSIONS
A revised definition of diabetes overtreatment is needed to better manage older insulin-treated patients and protect them from hypoglycemia.
Growth Performance of Broilers fed Basal Diets with Different Nutrient Content and Added with Enzyme
Authors: Anu Yahana , Nalle Catootjie Lusje , Sabuna Cytske 
Published: August 2024

The balance of nutrients in the diet is essential for optimal bird performance. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the growth response of broilers fed different basal diets supplemented with enzymes. A total of 250 day-old chicks (Cobbs, mixed sex) were used in this experiment. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 5 replications (10 birds/pen). The treatments were as follows: P0 = control diets, P0= Control diets, P1= Low crude protein diets (PK) P2= Low crude protein diets supplemented with protease; P3= Low phosphor diets; P4= Low phosphor diets supplemented with fitase. The results of statistical analysis showed that treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio(FCR) of broiler chickens aged 3 weeks. The conclusion of this study was that the addition of protease in a low-protein diet enhances feed intake, body weight gain, and feed efficiency in starter phase broilers. Conversely, the addition of phytase in a low-phosphorus and low-protein diet does not improve the growth performance of starter phase broilers.
Myocardial mechanics in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of speckle tracking echocardiographic studies
Authors: Gherbesi Elisa , Faggiano Andrea , Sala Carla , Carugo Stefano , Grassi Guido , Cuspidi Cesare , Tadic Marijana 
Published: August 2024

Background
Clinical complications of anorexia nervosa (AN) include cardiac structural and functional alterations. Available evidence on impaired myocardial deformation in AN patients without overt systolic dysfunction as assessed by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is scanty and based on a few studies. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to provide comprehensive and updated information on this issue.

Methods
Following the PRISMA guidelines, systematic searches were conducted across bibliographic databases (Pub-Med, OVID, EMBASE and Cochrane library) to identify eligible studies from inception up to 31 January 2024. Searches were limited to clinical investigations published in English reporting data on left ventricular (LV) mechanics (i.e. global longitudinal strain) in patients with anorexia and controls. The statistical difference of the echocardiographic variables of interest between groups such as LVEF and global longitudinal strain (GLS) was calculated by standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) by using random-effects models.

Results
Five studies including 171 AN and 147 healthy normal-weight individuals were considered for the analysis. Pooled average LVEF values were 63.2 ± 0.4% in the healthy control group and 64.6 ± 1.0% in the AN group (SMD −0.08 ± 0.11, CI: −0.15/0.30, P = 0.51); the corresponding values of GLS were −20.1 ± 0.9% and −20.2 ± 0.9% (SMD 0.07 ± 0.3, CI: −0.46/0.60, P = 0.80). Unlike GLS, apical strain (data from three studies) was higher in AN than in controls (−23.1 ± 1.8 vs. −21.3 ± 1.8; SMD: −0.42 ± 0.17, CI: −0.08/−0.76, P = 0.01)

Conclusions
The results of the present meta-analysis do not support the view that myocardial deformation as assessed by GLS is impaired in patients with AN and preserved LVEF. The role of STE in detecting subclinical cardiac damage in this clinical condition deserves to be evaluated in future studies including regional LV strain.