bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Model-Derived Disposition Index Without Insulin Validated in Youth With Obesity
Authors: Ha Joon , Kim Joon Young , Springer Max , Chhabra Aaryan , Chung Stephanie T , Sumner Anne E , Sherman Arthur S , Arslanian Silva 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
The gold-standard clamp measurements for insulin sensitivity (cSI), β-cell function (cBCF), and disposition index (cDI = cSI × cBCF) are not practical in large-scale studies.

Objective
We sought to 1) validate a mathematical model-derived DI from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) with insulin (mDI) and without (mDI-woI) against cDI and oral disposition index (oDI) and 2) evaluate the ability of the novel indices to detect prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods
We carried out a secondary analysis of previously reported cross-sectional observational studies. The Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion mathematical model for glucose-insulin dynamics was applied to 5-point and 3-point OGTTs synchronized with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic and hyperglycemic clamps from 130 youth with obesity (68 normal glucose tolerance [NGT], 33 impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], 29 T2D).

Results
Model-derived DI correlated well with clamp DI (R = 0.76 [logged]). Between NGT and IGT, mDI and mDI-woI decreased more than oDI and cDI, (60% and 59% vs 29% and 27%), and by receiver operating characteristic analysis were superior at detecting IGT compared with oDI and cDI (area under the curve [AUC] 0.88-0.87 vs 0.68-0.65), as was mean glucose (AUC 0.87).

Conclusion
mDI-woI is better than oDI or the labor-intensive cDI for detecting dysglycemia in obese youth. Bypassing insulin measurements with mDI-woI from the OGTT provides a cost-effective approach for large-scale epidemiological studies of dysglycemia in youth.
The Human Fecal Endocannabinoidome Mediator Profile Is Mainly Defined by the Fecal Microbiota and Diet
Authors: Castonguay-Paradis Sophie , Parent Lydiane , St-Arnaud Gabrielle , Perron Julie , Dumais Élizabeth , Flamand Nicolas , Raymond Frédéric , Di Marzo Vincenzo , Veilleux Alain 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
The endocannabinoid system and its extension, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), are involved in numerous biological processes, notably energy homeostasis, across virtually all tissues. While the circulating eCBome mediator profile is associated with dietary intakes and metabolic status, an important knowledge gap resides in the identification of the precise determinants of these mediators in the gut lumen.

Objective
We aimed at establishing the profile of eCBome mediators in human feces and investigating their association with circulating eCBome mediators, dietary intakes, metabolic status, and gut microbiota composition.

Methods
N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2-MAGs) were profiled by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in plasma and feces of a cross-sectional cohort (n = 195) and a short-term dietary intervention trial (n = 21) with comprehensive dietary intakes and gut microbiota measures.

Results
Six NAEs and 7 2-MAGs were identified in fecal samples, but some, especially omega-3–derived mediators, were undetectable in the majority of samples. Fecal NAEs, and to a lower extent 2-MAGs, were positively albeit weakly correlated with the circulating levels of eCBome mediators. Fecal 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol, N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine, and N-docosahexaenoyl-ethanolamine levels were positively associated with visceral adiposity and with some parameters of the metabolic profile. Dietary intakes of foods rich in fibers were associated with lower fecal levels of several eCBome mediators, while intakes of unsaturated fatty acids were associated with fecal 2-oleoyl-glycerol and 2-linoleoyl-glycerol. Interestingly, gut microbiota diversity and composition were a strong correlate of the fecal eCBome profile.

Conclusion
The fecal eCBome profile is associated with gut microbiota composition and dietary intakes, more than with the circulating profile. These results strengthen the hypothesis of an interrelation between the gut microbiome and eCBome signaling involved in the regulation of numerous host biological processes.
The role of TEAD4 in trophectoderm commitment and development is not conserved in non-rodent mammals
Authors: Pérez-Gómez Alba , González-Brusi Leopoldo , Flores-Borobia Inés , Galiano-Cogolludo Beatriz , Lamas-Toranzo Ismael , Hamze Julieta G. , Toledano-Díaz Adolfo , Santiago-Moreno Julián , Ramos-Ibeas Priscila , Bermejo-Álvarez Pablo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The first lineage differentiation in mammals gives rise to the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm (TE). In mice, TEAD4 is a master regulator of TE commitment, as it regulates the expression of other TE-specific genes and its ablation prevents blastocyst formation, but its role in other mammals remains unclear. Herein, we have observed that TEAD4 ablation in two phylogenetically distant species (bovine and rabbit) does not impede TE differentiation, blastocyst formation and the expression of TE markers, such as GATA3 and CDX2, although a reduced number of cells in the inner cell mass was observed in bovine TEAD4 knockout (KO) blastocysts. Transcriptional analysis in bovine blastocysts revealed no major transcriptional effect of the ablation, although the expression of hypoblast and Hippo signalling-related genes tended to be decreased in KO embryos. Experiments were conducted in the bovine model to determine whether TEAD4 was required for post-hatching development. TEAD4 KO spherical conceptuses showed normal development of the embryonic disc and TE, but hypoblast migration rate was reduced. At later stages of development (tubular conceptuses), no differences were observed between KO and wild-type conceptuses.
Ultrastructural analysis of whole glomeruli using array tomography
Authors: Miyaki Takayuki , Homma Nozomi , Kawasaki Yuto , Kishi Mami , Yamaguchi Junji , Kakuta Soichiro , Shindo Tomoko , Sugiura Makoto , Oliva Trejo Juan Alejandro , Kaneda Hisako , Omotehara Takuya , Takechi Masaki , Negishi-Koga Takako , Ishijima Muneaki , Aoto Kazushi , Iseki Sachiko , Kitamura Kosuke , Muto Satoru , Amagasa Mao , Hotchi Shiori , Ogura Kanako , Shibata Shinsuke , Sakai Tatsuo , Suzuki Yusuke , Ichimura Koichiro 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The renal glomerulus produces primary urine from blood plasma by ultrafiltration. The ultrastructure of the glomerulus is closely related to filtration function and disease development. The ultrastructure of glomeruli has mainly been evaluated using transmission electron microscopy; however, the volume that can be observed using transmission electron microscopy is extremely limited relative to the total volume of the glomerulus. Consequently, observing structures that exist in only one location in each glomerulus, such as the vascular pole, and evaluating low-density or localized lesions are challenging tasks. Array tomography (AT) is a technique used to analyze the ultrastructure of tissues and cells via scanning electron microscopy of serial sections. In this study, we present an AT workflow that is optimized for observing complete serial sections of the whole glomerulus, and we share several analytical examples that use the optimized AT workflow, demonstrating the usefulness of this approach. Overall, this AT workflow can be a powerful tool for structural and pathological evaluation of the glomerulus. This workflow is also expected to provide new insights into the ultrastructure of the glomerulus and its constituent cells.
The proximal centriole-like structure maintains nucleus–centriole architecture in sperm
Authors: Buglak Danielle B. , Holmes Kathleen H. M. , Galletta Brian J. , Rusan Nasser M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Proper connection between the sperm head and tail is critical for sperm motility and fertilization. Head–tail linkage is mediated by the head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA), which secures the axoneme (tail) to the nucleus (head). However, the molecular architecture of the HTCA is poorly understood. Here, we use Drosophila to investigate formation and remodeling of the HTCA throughout spermiogenesis by visualizing key components of this complex. Using structured illumination microscopy, we demonstrate that key HTCA proteins Spag4 and Yuri form a ‘centriole cap’ that surrounds the centriole (or basal body) as it invaginates into the surface of the nucleus. As development progresses, the centriole is laterally displaced to the side of the nucleus while the HTCA expands under the nucleus, forming what we term the ‘nuclear shelf’. We next show that the proximal centriole-like (PCL) structure is positioned under the nuclear shelf, functioning as a crucial stabilizer of centriole–nucleus attachment. Together, our data indicate that the HTCA is a complex, multi-point attachment site that simultaneously engages the PCL, the centriole and the nucleus to ensure proper head–tail connection during late-stage spermiogenesis.
Mirrorless fused silica based double-prism monochromator for continuous measurements from the near infrared to deep ultraviolet
Authors: Dittrich Thomas , Fengler Steffen , Franke Michael 
Published: August 2024

A mirrorless fused silica based double-prism
monochromator was developed for continuous measurements over a wide
spectral range. Lens positions were adjusted with respect to the
spectral dependencies of the focal lengths. A guided optical rail has
been implemented between both prisms. The monochromator enables
measurements at photon energies between 0.4 and 7.3 eV.
Straylight is suppressed by more than eight orders of magnitude, and
simulated and measured spectral resolutions are compared. Suitable
applications of the monochromator were demonstrated for material
characterization by photoelectron emission, optical transmission,
photocurrent, and surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The monochromator
broadens the opportunities for the detection of defect states,
especially by surface photovoltage spectroscopy in ultra-wide bandgap
semiconductors.
Feasibility characteristics of wrist-worn fitness trackers in health status monitoring for post-COVID patients in remote and rural areas
Authors: Wiebe Madeleine , Mackay Marnie , Krishnan Ragur , Tian Julie , Larsson Jakob , Modanloo Setayesh , Job McIntosh Christiane , Sztym Melissa , Elton-Smith Gail , Rose Alyssa , Ho Chester , Greenshaw Andrew , Cao Bo , Chan Andrew , Hayward Jake 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Common, consumer-grade biosensors mounted on fitness trackers and smartwatches can measure an array of biometrics that have potential utility in post-discharge medical monitoring, especially in remote/rural communities. The feasibility characteristics for wrist-worn biosensors are poorly described for post-COVID conditions and rural populations.

Methods
We prospectively recruited patients in rural communities who were enrolled in an at-home rehabilitation program for post-COVID conditions. They were asked to wear a FitBit Charge 2 device and biosensor parameters were analyzed [e.g. heart rate, sleep, and activity]. Electronic patient reported outcome measures [E-PROMS] for mental [bi-weekly] and physical [daily] symptoms were collected using SMS text or email [per patient preference]. Exit surveys and interviews evaluated the patient experience.

Results
Ten patients were observed for an average of 58 days and half [N = 5] were monitored for 8 weeks or more. Five patients [50%] had been hospitalized with COVID [mean stay = 41 days] and 4 [36%] had required mechanical ventilation. As baseline, patients had moderate to severe levels of anxiety, depression, and stress; fatigue and shortness of breath were the most prevalent physical symptoms. Four patients [40%] already owned a smartwatch. In total, 575 patient days of patient monitoring occurred across 10 patients. Biosensor data was usable for 91.3% of study hours and surveys were completed 82.1% and 78.7% of the time for physical and mental symptoms, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between stress and resting heart rate [r = 0.360, p<0.01], stress and daily steps [r = 0.335, p<0.01], and anxiety and daily steps [r = 0.289, p<0.01]. There was a trend toward negative correlation between sleep time and physical symptom burden [r = -0.211, p = 0.05]. Patients reported an overall positive experience and identified the potential for wearable devices to improve medical safety and access to care. Concerns around data privacy/security were infrequent.

Conclusions
We report excellent feasibility characteristics for wrist-worn biosensors and e-PROMS as a possible substrate for multi-modal disease tracking in post-COVID conditions. Adapting consumer-grade wearables for medical use and scalable remote patient monitoring holds great potential.
Fecal Proteolytic Bacteria and Staphylococcal Superantigens Are Associated With Abdominal Pain Severity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Quan Runze , Decraecker Lisse , Appeltans Iris , Cuende-Estévez María , Van Remoortel Samuel , Aguilera-Lizarraga Javier , Wang Zheng , Hicks Gareth , Wykosky Jill , McLean Peter , Denadai-Souza Alexandre , Hussein Hind , Boeckxstaens Guy E. 
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, to what extent specific bacterial species relate to clinical symptoms remains poorly characterized. We investigated the clinical relevance of bacterial species linked with increased proteolytic activity, histamine production, and superantigen (SAg) production in patients with IBS.

METHODS:
Fecal (n = 309) and nasal (n = 214) samples were collected from patients with IBS and healthy volunteers (HV). Clinical symptoms and gut transit time were evaluated. Bacterial abundance in feces and nasal swabs as well as fecal trypsin-like activity were assessed.

RESULTS:
The percentage of fecal samples containing Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in IBS compared with HV. Forty-nine percent of S. aureus–positive fecal samples from patients with IBS were also positive for SAgs, compared with 12% of HV. Patients with IBS and positive fecal SAg-producing S. aureus reported higher pain scores than those without S. aureus. Moreover, increased fecal proteolytic activity was associated with abdominal pain. Fecal abundance of Paraprevotella clara and Alistipes putredinis was significantly decreased in IBS, particularly in samples with higher proteolytic activity. Patients with lower Alistipes putredinis or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance reported more severe abdominal pain.

DISCUSSION:
In keeping with our preclinical findings, we show that increased presence of SAg-producing S. aureus in fecal samples of patients with IBS is associated with increased levels of abdominal pain. We also show that increased fecal proteolytic activity is associated with increased abdominal pain in patients with IBS.
Test Endurance and Remedial Education Interventions: Good News for Girls
Authors: Battaglia Marianna , Hidalgo-Hidalgo Marisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A wide range of abilities beyond cognitive skills, including motivation, effort, and perseverance, plays an important role in shaping one’s prospects in the labor market and overall life outcomes. However, little is known about the role of education in improving these abilities, especially among teenagers for whom they are observed to be particularly malleable. We address two questions: can remedial educational interventions improve perseverance during adolescence? And, can we expect heterogeneous effects by gender? We take advantage of an education program for under-performing secondary school students implemented in Spain, and we consider testing behaviors and, in particular test endurance, as a measure of perseverance. We find that the program had a substantial positive effect on test endurance, with effects ranging from 0.04 to 0.05 of one standard deviation. This effect is particularly pronounced for girls, where the corresponding figure is 0.09 of one standard deviation.
Erratum to Discriminants and Artin conductors (J. reine angew. Math. 712 (2016), 107–121)
Authors: Eriksson Dennis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The original article computes the Deligne discriminant for a degeneration of curves over a discrete valuation ring.
One of the computations was only correctly performed in the case when the total space of the degeneration is normal, which should be added as a hypothesis.
Advancing polar motion prediction with derivative information
Authors: Michalczak Maciej , Ligas Marcin , Belda Santiago , Ferrándiz José M. , Modiri Sadegh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are essential for monitoring Earth’s rotational irregularities, impacting satellite navigation, space exploration, and climate forecasting. This study introduces a hybrid prediction model combining least-squares (LS) and vector autoregression (VAR) to improve Earth’s Pole Coordinates (x, y) forecast accuracy. Using daily sampled IERS EOP 20 C04 data from 2013 to 2023, we conducted 1,000 yearly random trials, performing 48 forecasts per year. Our method evaluates six data combinations, including primary variables (x, y) and their derivatives (

x

̇

,

y

̇

$\dot{x},\dot{y}$

). Results show a systematic improvement in prediction accuracy, especially for ultra-short-term forecasts (10 days into future), with derivative information stabilizing the solutions. The best-performing combination (

x
,
y
,

x

̇

,

y

̇

$x,y,\dot{x},\dot{y}$

) achieved a mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) reduction (with respect to the reference data combination – x, y) of up to 8 % for the y and 7 % for the x over a whole 30-day forecast horizon. These findings highlight the effectiveness of incorporating derivatives of polar motion time series into prediction procedure.
Effective and safe use of sirolimus in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia refractory to medical and surgical therapy: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Burnside Mercedes J. , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Romans Rachel , Gehrmann Frances , Velayutham Vallimayil , Alexander Ashley , Choong Catherine S. , Abraham Mary B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (HH) presents significant management challenges, especially in cases refractory to standard therapies. This case series aims to report the efficacy and safety of sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, as an adjunctive therapy in persistent HH, noting that current clinical guidelines caution its use outside of research.

Case presentation
We report a case series from two paediatric endocrinology centres across Australia, describing use of sirolimus in four infants with persistent HH refractory to conventional treatments or post near-total pancreatectomy. Retrospective chart reviews provided clinical and biochemical data, documenting each patient’s sirolimus dosing, treatment responses, and adverse events.

Conclusions
Sirolimus emerged as a useful and safe adjunct, enabling hospital discharge, and demonstrating efficacy even at lower serum trough levels. Despite safety concerns, including recurrent viral infections in one patient, sirolimus was generally well-tolerated. We advocate for implementing risk mitigation strategies, including a multidisciplinary approach, and maintaining lower sirolimus trough levels than previously recommended. Careful consideration of sirolimus is warranted in select cases of severe diffuse HH, emphasising ongoing monitoring for adverse effects and further research to refine treatment guidelines.
Finite groups with gcd(χ(1), χc
(1)) a prime
Authors: Gao Li , Wang Zhongbi , Chen Guiyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of this article is to study how the greatest common divisor of the degree and codegree of an irreducible character of a finite group influences its structure. We study a finite group

G

G

with

gcd

(

χ

(

1

)

,

χ

c

(

1

)

)

{\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1))

a prime for almost all irreducible characters

χ

\chi

of

G

G

, and obtain the following two conclusions:

(1)
There does not exist any finite group

G

G

such that

gcd

(

χ

(

1

)

,

χ

c

(

1

)

)

{\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1))

is a prime, for each

χ
∈
Irr

(

G

)

♯

\chi \in {\rm{Irr}}{\left(G)}^{\sharp }

, where

Irr

(

G

)

♯

{\rm{Irr}}{\left(G)}^{\sharp }

is the set of non-principal irreducible characters of

G

G

.

(2)
Let

G

G

be a finite group, if

gcd

(

χ

(

1

)

,

χ

c

(

1

)

)

{\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1))

is a prime, for each

χ
∈
Irr

(

G

)

\
Lin

(

G

)

\chi \left\in {\rm{Irr}}\left(G)\backslash {\rm{Lin}}\left(G)

, then

G

G

is solvable, where

Lin

(

G

)

{\rm{Lin}}\left(G)

is the set of all linear irreducible characters of

G

G

.
Small values and functional laws of the iterated logarithm for operator fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Dong Jingshuang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The multivariate Gaussian random fields with matrix-based scaling laws are widely used for inference in statistics and many applied areas. In such contexts, interests are often Hölder regularities of spatial surfaces in any given direction. This article analyzes the almost sure sample function behavior for operator fractional Brownian motion, including multivariate fractional Brownian motion. We obtain the estimations of small ball probability and the strongly locally nondeterministic for operator fractional Brownian motion in any given direction. By applying these estimates, we obtain Chung type laws of the iterated logarithm for operator fractional Brownian motion. Our results show that the precise Hölder regularities of these spatial surfaces are completely determined by the real parts of the eigenvalues of self-similarity exponent and the covariance matrix at time point 1.
Response to Jessica Frazier, “Against Infinite Nothingness”
Authors: McKenzie Kerry 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In “Against Infinite Nothingness: Arguments for Foundationalism in Indian Philosophy” Jessica Frazier brings Vedantic arguments to bear against contemporary objections to foundationalism: the view that there must exist a single self-subsistent ground upon which the existence of all else stands. She argues in particular that these arguments permit us to infer the existence of a “modal anchor” operative in nature that deserves to be regarded as fundamental, even in the absence of a “fundamental level” to nature. This paper argues that Frazier has not sufficiently justified the assertion that such modal anchors have a right to be regarded as metaphysically fundamental, even in the less demanding sense that she seemingly associates with that term. This does not mean that there is any incoherence in what Frazier is trying to argue, however. The argument given here should thus be seen as an invitation to more fully spell out the notion of fundamentality that Frazier regards as most appropriate to these ancient Vedantic texts.
What Needs to be Learned by U.S. Cultural Heritage Professionals? Results from the Digital Preservation Outreach & Education Network
Authors: Mudle Kirk Robert , Cocciolo Anthony 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the current proliferation of training opportunities available in digital preservation, this study asks: what are the most in demand digital preservation instruction topics? To answer this question, we did a qualitative content analysis of 168 Professional Development Support applications received by the Digital Preservation Outreach and Education Network (DPOE-N) between September 2020 and December 2023. The study finds that the management of digital records and metadata/cataloging standards were the most requested training topics, and that general and broadly applicable skills tend to be the most sought after. This indicates that there is a continuing need to provide education focusing on the core elements of digital preservation and knowledge, and that we have not moved on yet to a place where cultural heritage professionals are solely seeking skills in more advanced or specialized digital preservation topics.