bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rationale and design of the Beta‐blocker to LOwer CArdiovascular Dialysis Events (BLOCADE) Feasibility Study
Authors: Roberts Matthew A , Pilmore Helen L , Ierino Francesco L , Badve Sunil V , Cass Alan , Garg Amit X , Hawley Carmel M , Isbel Nicole M , Krum Henry , Pascoe Elaine M , Tonkin Andrew M , Vergara Liza A , Perkovic Vlado ,   BLOCADE Study Collaborative Group
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsThe Beta‐blocker to LOwer CArdiovascular Dialysis Events (BLOCADE) Feasibility Study aims to determine the feasibility of a large‐scale randomized controlled trial with clinical endpoints comparing the beta‐blocking agent carvedilol with placebo in patients receiving dialysis.MethodsThe BLOCADE Feasibility Study is a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group feasibility study comparing the beta‐blocking agent carvedilol with placebo. Patients receiving dialysis for ≥3 months and who are aged ≥50 years, or who are ≥18 years and have diabetes or cardiovascular disease, were eligible. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who complete a 6‐week run‐in phase in which all participants received carvedilol titrated from 3.125 mg twice daily to 6.25 mg twice daily. Other measures included how many patients are screened, the proportion recruited, the overall recruitment rate, the proportion of participants who remain on study drug for 12 months and the incidence of intra‐dialytic hypotension while on randomized treatment.ResultsThe BLOCADE Feasibility Study commenced recruiting in May 2011 and involves 11 sites in Australia and New Zealand.ConclusionsThe BLOCADE Feasibility Study will inform the design of a larger clinical endpoint study to determine whether beta‐blocking agents provide benefit to patients receiving dialysis, and define whether such a study is feasible.
Translatome profiling in dormant and nondormant sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds highlights post‐transcriptional regulation of germination
Authors: Layat Elodie , Leymarie Juliette , El‐Maarouf‐Bouteau Hayat , Caius José , Langlade Nicolas , Bailly Christophe 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Seed dormancy, which blocks germination in apparently favourable conditions, is a key regulatory control point of plant population establishment. As germination requires de novo translation, its regulation by dormancy is likely to be related to the association of individual transcripts to polysomes.

Here, the polysome‐associated mRNAs, that is, the translatome, were fractionated and characterized with microarrays in dormant and nondormant sunflower (Helianthus annuus) embryos during their imbibition at 10°C, a temperature preventing germination of dormant embryos.

Profiling of mRNAs in polysomal complexes revealed that the translatome differs between germinating and nongerminating embryos. Association of transcripts with polysomes reached a maximum after 15 h of imbibition; at this time‐point 194 polysome‐associated transcripts were specifically found in nondormant embryos and 47 in dormant embryos only. The proteins corresponding to the polysomal mRNAs in nondormant embryos appeared to be very pertinent for germination and were involved mainly in transport, regulation of transcription or cell wall modifications.

This work demonstrates that seed germination results from a timely regulated and selective recruitment of mRNAs to polysomes, thus opening novel fields of investigation for the understanding of this developmental process.
Synchrotron X‐ray microtomography of xylem embolism in Sequoia sempervirens saplings during cycles of drought and recovery
Authors: Choat Brendan , Brodersen Craig R. , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

The formation of emboli in xylem conduits can dramatically reduce hydraulic capacity and represents one of the principal mechanisms of drought‐induced mortality in woody plants. However, our understanding of embolism formation and repair is constrained by a lack of tools to directly and nondestructively measure these processes at high spatial resolution.

Using synchrotron‐based microcomputed tomography (microCT), we examined embolism in the xylem of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) saplings that were subjected to cycles of drought and rewatering.

Embolism formation was observed occurring by three different mechanisms: as tracheids embolizing in wide tangential bands; as isolated tracheids in seemingly random events; and as functional groups connected to photosynthetic organs. Upon rewatering, stem water potential recovered to predrought stress levels within 24 h; however, no evidence of embolism repair was observed even after a further 2 wk under well‐watered conditions.

The results indicate that intertracheid air seeding is the primary mechanism by which embolism spreads in the xylem of S. sempervirens, but also show that a small number of tracheids initially become gas‐filled via another mechanism. The inability of S. sempervirens saplings to reverse drought‐induced embolism is likely to have important ecological impacts on this species.
High‐resolution genetic maps of Eucalyptus improve Eucalyptus grandis genome assembly
Authors: Bartholomé Jérôme , Mandrou Eric , Mabiala André , Jenkins Jerry , Nabihoudine Ibouniyamine , Klopp Christophe , Schmutz Jeremy , Plomion Christophe , Gion Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Genetic maps are key tools in genetic research as they constitute the framework for many applications, such as quantitative trait locus analysis, and support the assembly of genome sequences.

The resequencing of the two parents of a cross between Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used to design a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array of 6000 markers evenly distributed along the E. grandis genome.

The genotyping of 1025 offspring enabled the construction of two high‐resolution genetic maps containing 1832 and 1773 markers with an average marker interval of 0.45 and 0.5 cM for E. grandis and E. urophylla, respectively. The comparison between genetic maps and the reference genome highlighted 85% of collinear regions. A total of 43 noncollinear regions and 13 nonsynthetic regions were detected and corrected in the new genome assembly. This improved version contains 4943 scaffolds totalling 691.3 Mb of which 88.6% were captured by the 11 chromosomes. The mapping data were also used to investigate the effect of population size and number of markers on linkage mapping accuracy.

This study provides the most reliable linkage maps for Eucalyptus and version 2.0 of the E. grandis genome.
Low cord blood vitamin D levels are associated with increased milk sensitization in early childhood
Authors: Chiu Chih‐Yung , Yao Tsung‐Chieh , Chen Sue‐Hsien , Tsai Ming‐Han , Tu Yu‐Ling , Hua Man‐Chin , Yeh Kuo‐Wei , Huang Jing‐Long 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe association between vitamin D status at birth and allergen sensitizations is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cord blood vitamin D status with allergen sensitizations and the development of atopic diseases in early childhood.MethodsChildren aged 0 through 4 yr from a birth cohort in the Prediction of Allergies in Taiwanese Children (PATCH) study were enrolled. Serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in cord blood were measured by a new automated electrochemiluminescence‐based assay. Specific IgE antibodies against food and inhalant allergens were measured at 6 months, and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 yr of age.ResultsA total of 186 children were regular followed up at clinics for a 4‐yr follow‐up period. The mean level of cord blood 25(OH)D was 23.8 ± 9.5 ng/ml with a high prevalence of low vitamin D status (<20 ng/ml) at birth (42%). There was a tendency of low cord blood 25(OH)D levels being associated with higher risk of food sensitization throughout childhood. Cord blood 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of milk sensitization at age 2, at which age a higher prevalence of milk sensitization was significantly associated with the risk of allergic rhinitis, and asthma development at age 4.ConclusionsLow cord blood vitamin D levels appear to be associated with increased milk sensitization but not with asthma, eczema, or allergic rhinitis in early childhood.
Younger pubertal age is associated with allergy and other atopic conditions in girls
Authors: Hong Chi‐Chen , Pajak Ashley , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Vangeepuram Nita , Galvez Maida , Pinney Susan M. , Windham Gayle , Kushi Lawrence H. , Biro Frank M. , Wolff Mary S. ,   the Breast Cancer and Environment Research Program
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundEarly menarche is linked to higher incidence of adult asthma, suggesting that earlier puberty may influence type 2 immune response characteristics of allergic diseases. We examined the hypothesis that timing of breast and pubic hair development, which precede menarche, is associated with increased childhood atopic conditions.MethodsGirls were enrolled at 6–8 yr of age (2004–2007) in the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program Puberty Study and were followed through 2011. Pubertal stages were assessed and atopic conditions were queried annually. Associations of age at pubertal stage 2 for breast or pubic hair development with atopic conditions were assessed using prevalence ratios (PR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from log‐binomial regression and generalized estimating equation models, controlling for body mass index and other covariates. A total of 1055 girls with medical and pubertal stage data were included.ResultsAsthma (ever vs. never) was associated with younger pubarche (≤10 vs. >10 yr, PR = 1.15, CI: 1.04–1.28 adjusted for race/ethnicity and site; PR = 1.13, CI: 1.01–1.25 further adjusted for BMI), but not thelarche. In longitudinal models, risk of developing allergies increased with younger age at pubarche (adjusted OR = 1.60, CI: 1.10–2.34; ≤10 vs. >10 yr). Risks were highest among black girls with earlier pubarche (n = 248/326); for allergies, their fully adjusted OR was 2.35, CI: 1.06–5.19 for pubarche ≤10 vs. >10 yr.ConclusionsAtopic conditions during childhood are associated with younger age at pubarche, independent of obesity, and these relationships may vary by racial/ethnic groups.
Relevance of Water Temperature, Apparatus, and Age to Children's Pain during the Cold Pressor Task
Authors: Birnie Kathryn A. , Parker Jennifer A. , Chambers Christine T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundEffective use of experimental pain in research depends on a thorough understanding of factors influencing their use. Although studies using the cold pressor task (CPT) have critically advanced our knowledge of pain mechanisms, assessment, and management in adults and children, the impact of identified methodological variability in its use is not known (ie, water temperature and apparatus); furthermore, whether methodological variations differentially impact children across development.MethodsPain outcomes were examined in 113 healthy children from three age groups (8‐ to 9‐, 10‐ to 11‐, and 12‐ to 14‐year‐olds) who completed three CPTs at different water temperatures (5, 7, 10°C) in counterbalanced order. Children were randomly assigned to one of two apparatus (ice‐ vs. electric‐cooled) for all CPTs. Children's hand was warmed to its baseline temperature between CPTs.ResultsColder water (2 to 3°C decreases) was associated with significantly higher pain intensity and unpleasantness, and lower pain tolerance and threshold. Older children (12 to 14 years) reported significantly worse pain intensity and unpleasantness as compared to 8‐ to 9‐year‐olds, likely due to longer pain tolerance. Pain outcomes in 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds fell between the other age groups, with significant differences for pain unpleasantness and pain tolerance (at 10°C). Higher pain‐related fear and pain unpleasantness occurred with the electric‐cooled apparatus. Girls had higher pain tolerance and threshold at all temperatures.ConclusionsThese results provide critically important information about water temperature, apparatus, and child age on CPT pain responding. It informs design of future CPT studies and directs consideration of methodological variability and child age when interpreting study findings.
Individual differences in working memory moderate the relationship between prosaccade latency and antisaccade error rate
Authors: Schaeffer David J. , Chi Lingxi , Krafft Cynthia E. , Li Qingyang , Schwarz Nicolette F. , McDowell Jennifer E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCognitive control is required for flexible responses in changing environments and can be assessed by measuring antisaccade error rate. Considerable variance in antisaccade error rate is observed in healthy participants, which motivated the current study to explore the cognitive factors affecting antisaccade performance. Relationships exist between prosaccade latency and antisaccade error rate, with faster prosaccade latencies linked to more antisaccade errors. Individual differences in working memory also impact saccadic performance. The current study tested the relationships among prosaccade latency, antisaccade error rate, and working memory in 153 healthy participants. Correlation and multiple regression analyses demonstrated that prosaccade latency predicted antisaccade error rate, and working memory moderated this relationship. These results may help elucidate individual differences in cognitive control among healthy individuals.
Regulating business or policing crime? Tracing the policy convergence between taxation and crime control at the local level
Authors: Hörnqvist Magnus 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPolicing is commonly associated with street‐level crime, whereas regulation is instead associated with the complexities of business and market governance. However, this distinction has been questioned by recent research and it seems that the worlds of regulation and policing are tending to merge. Still, little is known abouthowthis convergence is unfolding. By following the intersection of two international policy‐level processes – the financialization of organized crime and the upgraded monitoring of tax evasion – down to the level of organizational practice in theSwedish restaurant trade, this article contributes to an understanding of the institutional dynamic behind the recent convergence. At the same time, it discusses theconceptualrelationship between policing and regulation, and the counter‐arguments that may be needed to overcome the distinction between the two.Ispecifically address the neglected issue of the differential social valuation of “crime” and “business,” and find that it is relativized by a common focus on unreported transactions.
The authoritarian logic of regulatory pluralism: UnderstandingChina's new environmental actors
Authors: van Rooij Benjamin , Stern Rachel E. , Fürst Kathinka 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOver the last decade,Chinese citizens, judges, and prosecutors have started to take action against industrial pollution, pluralizing a regulatory landscape originally occupied by administrative agencies. Regulatory pluralism here has an authoritarian logic, occurring without the retreat of party‐state control. Under such logic, the party‐state both needs and fears new actors for their positive and negative roles in controlling risk and maintaining stability. Consequently, the regime's relation to regulatory pluralism is ambivalent, shifting between support and restriction. This prevents a development of a regulatory society that could bypass the regulatory state. Theoretically, this special edition argues for a subjective definition of regulation in a context of pluralism. Moreover, it finds that regulatory pluralism need not coincide with a decentring of regulation. Finally, it highlights how entry onto the regulatory landscape affects the non‐regulatory roles of new actors, creating unintended consequences for regulatory pluralism.
Correlation between heart rate variability indexes and aerobic physiological variables in patients with COPD
Authors: Leite Marceli R. , Ramos Ercy Mara C. , Kalva‐Filho Carlos A. , Rodrigues Fernanda Maria M. , Freire Ana Paula C.F. , Tacao Guilherme Y. , de Toledo Alessandra C. , Cecílio Michel J. , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. , Ramos Dionei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivePrevious studies have shown a relationship between the level of physical fitness and autonomic variables. However, these relationships have not been investigated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The objective of this study was to correlate the resting heart rate variability (HRV) indexes with aerobic physiological variables obtained at a maximal exercise test in patients with COPD.MethodsThirty‐seven patients with COPD (63 (59–70) years; 46 (35.4–63.7) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)%) underwent assessment of autonomic modulation at rest for 20 min to determine the HRV indexes in time and frequency domains. Soon after that, the patients performed an incremental exercise test to determine the anaerobic threshold (GET), the peak oxygen uptake (VO2PEAK) and the velocity corresponding to VO2PEAK (vVO2PEAK).ResultsThe indexes that express parasympathetic component as RMSSD (11.4 [7.5–23.8], HF (ms2) (35 [17–195] and SD1 (8.1 [5.3–16.8]), correlated with GET (r = 0.39; r = 0.43; r = 0.39 respectively). The indexes that represent the overall variability, SDNN (19.5 [13.9–28.8]), LF (ms2) (111 [38–229]), and SD2 (26.8 [18.6–35.4]) correlated with vVO2PEAK (r = 0.37; r = 0.38; r = 0.37; r = 0.44; r = 0.43; r = 0.46 respectively). Likewise, the indexes LF (ms2), LF (nu) (63.2 [46–77,9]), HF (nu) (36.8 [22.1–54]), and LF/HF (1.7 [0.9–3.5]) correlated with VO2PEAK (r = 0.35; r = 0.35; r = −0.35; r = 0.40 respectively).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that HRV indexes at rest may become a predictive tool for aerobic capacity in COPD patients after the development of more consistent methods.
Inside the magma chamber of a dying ridge segment in the Oman ophiolite
Authors: Nicolas Adolphe , Boudier Françoise 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor the first time, the crystallized remnant of an oceanic ridge magma chamber is documented in the Oman ophiolite. It exists in the centre of a 40 km long monoclinal ridge (Jebel Dihm, Wadi Tayin massif), exposing a full crustal section perpendicular to the spreading direction. New detailed mapping supported by U‐Pb zircon geochronology suggests that the active, fast‐spreading ridge that died just prior to detachment of the ophiolite is preserved and largely intact. Our observations provide insights into the crystallizing mush zone of a magma chamber, before it crosses the external walls and solidifies as deformed gabbros. Our data provide new constraints on the shape and internal dynamics of a magma chamber, including gabbro subsidence from the floor of a perched melt lens and the limited contribution of sills to crustal accretion. By locating precisely the palaeo‐ridge axis, prior full spreading rate estimates can be increased to ~140 km Ma−1.
Housing for the poor in a neo‐liberalising just city: Still affordable, but increasingly inaccessible
Authors: Kadi Justin , Musterd Sako 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith a comparably high degree of de‐commodification in the urban housing market, Amsterdam has been long considered a prime example of a ‘European city’ and a ‘just city’. This paper looks at how the city's housing tenure sectors have changed since the 1990s due to neo‐liberalisation processes and specifies effects for housing conditions of the poor. It highlights how restructuring has been driven by policy changes at different scales, and analyses the effects of reform on issues of accessibility and affordability. We identify a gap between insiders and outsiders, with affordability for the poor inside the system not yet deteriorating, but accessibility for poor outsiders emerging as a key problem. In the conclusion we speculate on future developments of the Amsterdam housing market and relate our findings to debates about the ‘European city’ and the ‘just city’.
Crisis and the Post‐Industrial City: Or is Malmö Building Yesterday's City Tomorrow, Again?
Authors: Holgersen Ståle 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the dialectics between urban planning, economic crisis and the build environment by looking at how the city of Malmö (Sweden) has responded to two different crises. First, the so‐called industrial crisis was met with more industrial policies that exacerbated the problems and led the city into a severe crisis in the early 1990s. Then Malmö inverted its strategy and embraced the ‘post‐industrial city’. Nowadays, as the 2008 crisis has not seemed to have disappeared and the current economic situation is ‘uncertain’, the official rhetoric in Malmö is seemingly as optimistic as ever, as a new congress/concert hall, new shopping centres and new hotels are being built: the production of the post‐industrial city continues with full force. By investigating the city‐crisis dialectics and discussing theories on crisis and crisis management, inspired by Marx, Schumpeter and Keynes, this paper asks the question as to whether Malmö today is making a similar mistake as in the 1980s, that is, reproducing yesterday's city.
p38MAPK is involved in apoptosis development in apheresis platelet concentrates after riboflavin and ultraviolet light treatment
Authors: Chen Zhongming , Schubert Peter , Culibrk Brankica , Devine Dana V. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundPathogen inactivation (PI) accelerates the platelet (PLT) storage lesion, including apoptotic‐like changes. Proteomic studies have shown that phosphorylation levels of several kinases increase in PLTs after riboflavin and UV light (RF‐PI) treatment. Inhibition of p38MAPK improved in vitro PLT quality, but the biochemical basis of this kinase's contribution to PLT damage requires further analysis.Study Design and MethodsIn a pool‐and‐split design, apheresis PLT concentrates were either treated or kept untreated with or without selected kinase inhibitors. Samples were analyzed throughout 7 days of storage, monitoring in vitro quality variables including phosphatidylserine exposure, degranulation, and glucose metabolism. Changes in the protein expression of Bax, Bak, and Bcl‐xL and the activities of caspase‐3 and ‐9 were determined by immunoblot analysis and flow cytometry, respectively.ResultsThe expression levels of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, but not the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL, were significantly increased after the RF‐PI treatment. This trend was reversed in the presence of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. As a result of increasing proapoptotic protein levels, caspase‐3 and ‐9 activities were significantly increased in RF‐PI treatment during storage compared with control (p < 0.05). Similarly, p38MAPK inhibition significantly reduced these caspase activities compared with vehicle control after RF‐PI treatment (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings revealed that p38MAPK is involved in signaling leading to apoptosis triggered by RF‐PI. Elucidation of the biochemical processes influenced by PI is a necessary step in the development of strategies to improve the PLT quality and ameliorate the negative effects of PI treatment.