bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of AlON materials for UV emitting devices
Authors: Cho Yujin , Koo Jieun , Cho Youngji , Lee Woong , Lee Jeungwoo , Lee Byeongwoo , Lee Sangtae , Chang Jiho 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAluminum oxynitride (AlON), which is conventionally used as one of the ceramics with good thermal and chemical stability, has an attractive candidate for a tunable extreme UV luminous material due to its unique combination of properties and UV luminescence. In this paper, we have synthesized the novel AlON UV emitting materials, which have a wavelength from 4.29 to 4.54 eV, and discovered the core (AlON)‐shell (Al2O3) like structures in a transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, their potential application in a UV light emitter has been demonstrated by applying the combination with a CNT field emission cold cathode, which has been made by a simple printing method. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The shock‐wave application for increasing of a critical current in composite HTSC
Authors: Mikhailova Galina , Antonova Landysh , Borovitskaya Irina , Krokhin Oleg , Majorov Alexey , Mikhailov Boris , Nikulin Valeriy , Silin Pavel , Troitskii Alexey 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper aims to find methods for effective pinning centres generation using shock waves in order to increase the current‐carrying capability of high temperature superconductors in high magnetic fields. It presents the results of the effect of a shock wave on properties of composite high temperature superconductor tapes (HTSC): YBCO(123) and Bi(2223). To generate the shock wave, authors used the interaction of a solid state target with a high speed cumulative plasma jet generated in a Plasma Focus setup. Shock waves have a front‐edge pressure of 1011 Pa. The sample was exposed to the plasma pulse for about 50 ns. A significant and lasting increase of the critical current density of composite HTSC tapes was observed as a result of the effect of shock waves, also in high magnetic fields. This paper discusses the presumed reasons for the increase of the critical current. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Impact of Phytolacca americana Extracts on Gene Expression of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Maness L. , Goktepe I. , Chen H. , Ahmedna M. , Sang S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNative Americans have used Phytolacca americana to treat breast ailments, gastrointestinal disorders, rashes, and inflammation. Some anti‐cancer and anti‐viral research has been reported on this perennial herb, but none has been published concerning the effects of its extracts on cancer cell genes. In this study, changes in gene expression at the transcription level were evaluated in HCT‐116 colon cancer cells after exposure to P. americana ethanol extract and its water fraction using the Human Cancer Pathway Finder PCR Array. Of the genes significantly affected in HCT‐116 cells exposed to the ethanol extract at 3200 µg/ml, changes in expression of MYC, PLAU, and TEK may benefit the treatment of colon cancer. Exposing the cells to 1600 µg/ml of the water fraction resulted in several gene changes that may also be beneficial in the treatment of colon cancer: NME4, TEK, and THBS1. A few genes on this array that are known to play a specific role in colon cancer had activities changed in a way that may be detrimental in the treatment of colon cancer. Further studies should be performed to understand how these changes would impact colon cancer treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Targeting the Thymus
Authors: De Barros Stéphanie C. , Zimmermann Valérie S. , Taylor Naomi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation can cure patients suffering from diverse genetic and acquired diseases as well as cancers. Nevertheless, under conditions where T-cell reconstitution is critical, the entry of donor progenitors into the thymus remains a major bottleneck. It is assumed that following the intravenous injection of HSC, they first home to the BM. More committed progenitors can then be exported to the thymus in response to a myriad of signals regulating thymus seeding. Notably although, the thymus is not continually receptive to the import of hematopoietic progenitors. Furthermore, as stem cells with self-renewing capacity do not take up residence in the thymus under physiological conditions, the periodic colonization of the thymus is essential for the sustained differentiation of T lymphocytes. As such, we and others have invested significant efforts into exploring avenues that might foster a long-term thymus-autonomous differentiation. Here, we review strategic approaches that have resulted in long-term T-cell differentiation in immunodeficient (SCID) mice, even across histocompatibility barriers. These include the forced thymic entry of BM precursors by their direct intrathymic injection as well as the transplantation of neonatal thymi. The capacity of the thymus to support hematopoietic progenitors with renewal potential will hopefully promote the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at enhancing T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing HSC transplantation.
Brief report: CD24 and CD44 mark human intestinal epithelial cell populations with characteristics of active and facultative stem cells
Authors: Gracz Adam D. , Fuller Megan K. , Wang Fengchao , Li Linheng , Stelzner Matthias , Dunn James C.Y. , Martin Martin G. , Magness Scott T. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Recent seminal studies have rapidly advanced the understanding of intestinal epithelial stem cell (IESC) biology in murine models. However, the lack of techniques suitable for isolation and subsequent downstream analysis of IESCs from human tissue has hindered the application of these findings toward the development of novel diagnostics and therapies with direct clinical relevance. This study demonstrates that the cluster of differentiation genes CD24 and CD44 are differentially expressed across LGR5 positive “active” stem cells as well as HOPX positive “facultative” stem cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting enables differential enrichment of LGR5 (CD24−/CD44+) and HOPX (CD24+/CD44+) cells for gene expression analysis and culture. These findings provide the fundamental methodology and basic cell surface signature necessary for isolating and studying intestinal stem cell populations in human physiology and disease.
Improved 3 × 3 sequential Euclidean distance transform
Authors: Kwon Oh‐Kyu , Suh Jung W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe propose an improved 3 × 3 sequential Euclidean distance transform (DT) using quad‐scan propagation. Our method has a separable scan structure that can be processed with a multicore processor to reduce computation time with a better accuracy. The computer simulation shows that the proposed DT algorithm approximates the Euclidean map more precisely than conventional 3 × 3 DTs while reducing dramatically computation time comparable to 8‐point sequential Euclidean distance algorithm. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Critical role for inhibitory neurons in modulation of synaptic signaling in ex vivo neuronal networks
Authors: Zemianek Jill M. , Lee Sangmook , Guaraldi Mary , Shea Thomas B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA number of laboratories have modeled aspects of synaptic plasticity using neuronal networks established on micro‐electrode arrays. Such studies demonstrate that external stimulation can increase or hasten maturation of network signaling as evidenced an increase in complex bursts. Herein, we demonstrate that repetitive stimulation with a recorded synaptic signal was capable of increasing overall signaling, including the percentage of bursts, over a 5‐day period, but that this increase was completely prevented by the presence of the GABAergic antagonist bicuculline. These findings demonstrate a critical role for inhibitory neurons in signal maturation following stimulation, which supports the purported role for inhibitory neuronal activity in long‐term potentiation and learning in situ.
Subjective cognitive decline: Self and informant comparisons
Authors: Caselli Richard J. , Chen Kewei , Locke Dona E.C. , Lee Wendy , Roontiva Auttawut , Bandy Dan , Fleisher Adam S. , Reiman Eric M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether self‐ or informant‐based subjective cognition better distinguishes emotional factors from early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsHealthy members (n = 447) of the Arizona apolipoprotein E (APOE) cohort and their informants completed the self and informant paired Multidimensional Assessment of Neurodegenerative Symptoms questionnaire (MANS).ResultsDecline on the MANS was endorsed by 30.6% of members and 26.2% of informants. Self‐ and informant‐based decliners had higher scores of psychological distress and slightly lower cognitive scores than nondecliners. Over the next 6.7 years, 20 developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Converters were older at entry than nonconverters (63.8 [7.0] vs 58.8 [7.3] years, P = .003), 85% were APOE ε4 carriers (P < .0001), and they self‐endorsed decline earlier than informants (58.9 [39.2] vs 28.0 [40.4] months before MCI; P = .002).ConclusionsSelf‐ and informant‐based subjective decline correlated with greater psychological distress and slightly lower cognitive performance. Those with incident MCI generally self‐endorsed decline earlier than informants.
Effects of agomelatine in a murine model of obsessive–compulsive disorder: Interaction with meta‐chlorophenylpiperazine, bicuculline, and diazepam
Authors: Bhutada Pravinkumar , Dixit Pankaj , Thakur Kapil , Deshmukh Prashant , Kaulaskar Shyam 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe anticompulsive potential of agomelatine, a potent MT1/2 receptor agonist, and its combined effect with m‐chlorophenylpiperazine hydrochloride (mCPP), bicuculline, and diazepam, were investigated in male C57BLJ/6 mice using marble‐burying behavior (MBB) test. Acute administration of agomelatine (30–40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) significantly inhibited the MBB in mice without influencing their locomotor activity. Further, chronic (28 days) administration of lower doses of agomelatine (10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently reduced the MBB without influencing their locomotor activity. Interaction studies revealed that pretreatment with mCPP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), a serotonin 5HT2C agonist, partially attenuated the anticompulsive effect of agomelatine (30 mg/kg). Further, a GABAA receptor agonist (diazepam, 1.25 mg/kg, i.p.) and antagonist (bicuculline, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) had no influence on the effects of agomelatine on MBB and locomotor activity. The doses of modulators were selected on the basis of dose‐response studies. The results indicate that agomelatine has a potent anticompulsive effect that can be attributed to 5HT2C antagonism and MT1/2 agonism, and is certainly not mediated via its effects on the GABAergic system. Thus, the study adds to the growing literature on the psychopharmacological effects of agomelatine, and warrants further exploration in multiple paradigms.
Polynomial decay of correlations in linked-twist maps
Authors: SPRINGHAM J. , STURMAN R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLinked-twist maps are area-preserving, piecewise diffeomorphisms, defined on a subset of the torus. They are non-uniformly hyperbolic generalizations of the well-known Arnold cat map. We show that a class of canonical examples have polynomial decay of correlations for$\alpha $-Hölder observables, of order$1/ n$.
Corporations are people: Emblematic scales of brand personification among Asian American youth
Authors: Reyes Angela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article examines the use of corporate names as personal nicknames for Asian American youth. The analysis traces the meanings of these nicknaming practices through the concepts ofbrand personification(how figures of personhood are recruited as embodiments of corporate brands) andemblematic scales(how signs of personhood emerge across trajectories of use and scales of time). Within the crossracial institutional structure of an Asian American supplementary school, these nicknaming practices not only formulate speech, participants, relationships, and settings as informal, but also infuse the nicknamed with brand qualities linked to race, nation, class, and status. These practices also generate fleeting and stable frameworks of group distinction and adequation that operate simultaneously or cyclically and that maintain or transgress classroom roles and racial boundaries. This article demonstrates how an attention to temporal dimensions enables researchers to explore the ways in which small-scale activities accumulate across events and assemble into wider scale structural change. (Nickname, brand, emblem, timescale, trajectory, Asian American youth, race, classroom discourse)*
The language of possession: Three case studies
Authors: Keen Ian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAnthropologists often construe “property” in terms of rights, obligations, and interests, or use “property” in a largely undefined way. The use of the language of rights as a metalanguage is questionable for it is culturally specific, having developed in the Early Modern period in Europe in the context of the spread of market relations and the growth of contract law. One might ask, how are “rights” expressed and constituted in the indigenous languages? The article examines the role of language in the constitution of possession relations with reference to three case studies: ownership of land by Kaiadilt people of Bentinck Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria, possession more generally among Navajo of the southwest United States, and family/household “property” of the Southern Song dynasty of China. It focuses on the constitution of possessors, possessions and connections between them, and the expression of norms entailed by relations between possessor and possessum. (Property, possession, rights, Kayardild language, Navajo language, Southern Song dynasty, metalanguage)*
Another face of ‘mass tourism’: San Sebastián and Spanish beach resorts under Franco, 1936–1975
Authors: WALTON JOHN K. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:Histories of the ‘mass tourism’ of sunshine and beaches, and of the ‘package holiday’, in post-war Europe have tended to focus on the activities of big international companies and the role of governments. This has certainly been the case in Spain. This article recovers an earlier version of the urban history of coastal tourism in southern Europe, focusing on the resort of San Sebastián in the Spanish Basque Country, and thereby drawing attention to the neglected Atlantic dimension of Spanish coastal tourism. It then examines the responses of an established resort and summer capital to the new developments of the post-Civil War years, and shows how the decline of an older model of aristocratic tourism was counterbalanced by the development of new holiday markets and practices, many of which arose spontaneously beyond the regulatory and promotional gaze of the local authorities.
Anatomy and Development of the Endodermis and Phellem ofQuercus suberL. Roots
Authors: Machado Adelaide , Pereira Helena , Teixeira Rita Teresa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractQuercus suberL. has been investigated with special attention to the stem bark and its cork formation layer, but excluding the roots. Roots are the location of infection by pathogens such asPhytophthora cinnamomiresponsible for the tree's sudden death. It is widely accepted that suberin establishes boundaries within tissues, serves as a barrier against free water and ion passage, and works as a shield against pathogen attacks. We followed the suberization of young secondary roots of cork oak. The first suberin deposition detectable by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and neutral red (NR) was in the endoderm Casparian strips. Casparian strips are not detected by Sudan red 7B and Fluorol yellow (FY) that specifically stain lamellae suberin. Reaction to Sudan was verified in the endodermis and later on in phellem cells that resulted from the phellogen. Under TEM, the Sudan and FY-stained cells showed clear suberin lamellae while the newer formed phellem cells displayed a distinct NR signal compared to the outermost phellem cells. We concluded that suberin chemical components are arranged differently in the cell wall according to the physiological role or maturation stage of a given tissue.
A DR6/p75NTR complex is responsible for β-amyloid-induced cortical neuron death
Authors: Hu Y , Lee X , Shao Z , Apicco D , Huang G , Gong B J , Pepinsky R B , Mi S 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a known mediator of β-amyloid (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we demonstrate that death receptor 6 (DR6) binds to p75NTR and is a component of the p75NTR signaling complex responsible for Aβ-induced cortical neuron death. Cortical neurons isolated from either DR6 or p75NTR null mice are resistant to Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Blocking DR6 function in cortical neurons by anti-DR6 antibodies that block the binding of DR6 to p75NTR receptor complex or by a dominant negative DR6 construct lacking the cytoplasmic signaling death domain attenuates Aβ-induced caspase 3 activation and cell death. DR6 expression is upregulated in AD cortex and correlates with elevated neuronal death. Targeting the disruption of the DR6/p75NTR complex to prevent Aβ cytotoxicity represents a new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
Effects of environmental variation and spatial distance on Bacteria, Archaea and viruses in sub-polar and arctic waters
Authors: Winter Christian , Matthews Blake , Suttle Curtis A 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We investigated the influence of environmental parameters and spatial distance on bacterial, archaeal and viral community composition from 13 sites along a 3200-km long voyage from Halifax to Kugluktuk (Canada) through the Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago. Variation partitioning was used to disentangle the effects of environmental parameters, spatial distance and spatially correlated environmental parameters on prokaryotic and viral communities. Viral and prokaryotic community composition were related in the Labrador Sea, but were independent of each other in Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago. In oceans, the dominant dispersal mechanism for prokaryotes and viruses is the movement of water masses, thus, dispersal for both groups is passive and similar. Nevertheless, spatial distance explained 7–19% of the variation in viral community composition in the Arctic Archipelago, but was not a significant predictor of bacterial or archaeal community composition in either sampling area, suggesting a decoupling of the processes regulating community composition within these taxonomic groups. According to the metacommunity theory, patterns in bacterial and archaeal community composition suggest a role for species sorting, while patterns of virus community composition are consistent with species sorting in the Labrador Sea and suggest a potential role of mass effects in the Arctic Archipelago. Given that, a specific prokaryotic taxon may be infected by multiple viruses with high reproductive potential, our results suggest that viral community composition was subject to a high turnover relative to prokaryotic community composition in the Arctic Archipelago.
Strengthening State Capabilities: The Role of Financial Incentives in the Call to Public Service*
Authors: Dal Bó Ernesto , Finan Frederico , Rossi Martín A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We study a recent recruitment drive for public sector positions in Mexico. Different salaries were announced randomly across recruitment sites, and job offers were subsequently randomized. Screening relied on exams designed to measure applicants’ intellectual ability, personality, and motivation. This allows the first experimental estimates of (1) the role of financial incentives in attracting a larger and more qualified pool of applicants, (2) the elasticity of the labor supply facing the employer, and (3) the role of job attributes (distance, attractiveness of the municipal environment) in helping fill vacancies, as well as the role of wages in helping fill positions in less attractive municipalities. A theoretical model of job applications and acceptance guides the empirical inquiry. We find that higher wages attract more able applicants as measured by their IQ, personality, and proclivity toward public sector work—that is, we find no evidence of adverse selection effects on motivation; higher wage offers also increased acceptance rates, implying a labor supply elasticity of around 2 and some degree of monopsony power. Distance and worse municipal characteristics strongly decrease acceptance rates, but higher wages help bridge the recruitment gap in worse municipalities.
Evolution of the Levels of Free Radicals Generated on Wheat Flour and Wheat Bran by Electron Beam
Authors: Braşoveanu Mirela , Crăciun Gabriela , Mănăilă Elena , Ighigeanu Daniel , Nemţanu Monica R. , Grecu Maria N. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the experimental data regarding the levels of free radicals investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) on wheat flour and wheat bran exposed to an electron beam. Samples were irradiated with an electron linear accelerator of 6 MeV and then stored at room temperature in air. ESR spectra of the samples indicated presence of free radicals induced by electron beam. Three types of free radicals have been detected in wheat flour, and signals typical for cellulose‐like radicals have been noticed for wheat bran, their concentration increasing with the irradiation dose. The postirradiation storage of both sample types caused radical decay with a two‐step pattern associated with fast decay of short‐life radicals followed by slow reduction of long‐life radicals. However, in the first step, the irradiated wheat bran exhibited more rapid decay of radicals than irradiated flour owing to their different complex matrixes, which led to paramagnetic structures of different origin after exposure to an electron beam. The ESR technique allows the detection of free radicals induced in wheat flour and bran by electron beam for a limited period after irradiation that could be shorter than the shelf life of the products.