bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Base Isolators For A Silo Supporting Structure
Authors: Bîtcă Daniel , Ursu Emilian , Ioan Paul 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A 3000 tones capacity silo, located in a seismic area with ground acceleration ag = 0,20g and TC =1,0s, was designed in a classical solution The supporting structure has an octagonal shape in planview, and columns with “Maltese cross sections”. The main lateral resisting system is made up of centric bracings with cross-section class I.
The technological project has required two silos and the solution was to support them on a common raft foundation. The stresses and strains due the seismic action led to material consumption that exceeded the agreed budget. In order to reduce the costs, two versions of isolator positions were studied: base isolators (at the connection between infrastructure and superstructure) and at the silo’s bearing level on the supporting structure.
A number of eight vertical seismic isolators were used and in order to limit the horizontal displacements due to wind action and for small intensity earthquakes special devices were introduced
Comparing the state of stresses and deformations and also the cost analysis regarding the positioning of the isolators, the second solution was chosen as the most feasible.
First-principle investigations of structural and electronic properties of TMAl (TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) transition metal aluminides
Authors: Doumi Bendouma , Mokaddem Allel , Ishak-Boushaki Mustapha , Boutaleb Miloud , Tadjer Abdelkader 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the present work, we have investigated the structural and electronic properties of TMAl (TM = Fe, Co, and Ni) transition metal aluminides in the B2 structure, using first-principle calculations of the density functional theory (DFT) based on the linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) as implemented in the WIEN2k code, in which the energy of exchange and correlation are treated by the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), proposed in 1996 by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (PBE). The ground state properties have been calculated and compared with other calculations, and the electronic structures of all FeAl, CoAl, and NiAl compounds exhibited a metallic behavior. It was depicted that the density of states is characterized by the large hybridization between the s-p (Al) and 3d (Fe, Co, and Ni) states, which creates the pseudogap in the region of anti-bonding states. Moreover, the band structures of FeAl, CoAl, and NiAl are similar to each other and the difference between them is in the energy level of each band relative to the Fermi level.
A theoretical study on 2-chloro-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxy-6-methylpyrimidine by DFT/ab initio calculations
Authors: Gümüs Hacer Pir , Avci Davut , Atalay Yusuf , Tamer Ömer 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have been performed to study the molecular geometry, 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts, conformational, natural bond orbital (NBO) and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the 2-chloro-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4- methoxy-6-methylpyrimidine molecule in the ground state using DFT and HF methods with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The optimized geometric parameters and 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts have been compared with the experimental values of the title molecule. The results of the calculations show excellent agreement between the experimental and calculated frequencies at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. In order to provide a full understanding of the properties of the title molecule in the context of molecular orbital picture, the highest occupied molecular energy level (EHOMO), the lowest unoccupied molecular energy level (ELUMO), the energy difference (DE) between EHOMO and ELUMO, electronegativity (χ), hardness (η) and softness (S) have been calculated using B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and HF/6-311++G(d,p) levels. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that the charge transfer occurs within the title molecule.
Simulation of the thermo-optic coupling effect in mid-infrared second harmonic generation of ZnGeP2 crystal
Authors: Zhang Wenchao , Gao Yachen , Huang Jinjer , Zhang Guohua , Andreev Y.M. , Grechin S.G. , Lanskii G.V. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The thermo-optic coupling process of second harmonic generation was numerically simulated in ZnGeP2 crystals pumped by a pulsed CO2 laser at the wavelength of 9.6 μm, under the strong and weak cooling conditions. The conversion efficiencies, temperature distributions were calculated during the evolution of the thermo-optic coupling. The results showed that the thermooptic coupling was weak in the strong cooling condition, which nearly did not disturb the conversion processes and temperature distribution, while in the weak cooling case, the temperature distribution showed a great influence on the conversion efficiency and light intensity. Finally, it was found that compensation of the phase mismatch induced by the thermal effect can well recover the conversion efficiency.
Effect of Ag on Sn–Cu and Sn–Zn lead free solders
Authors: Alam S.N. , Mishra Prerna , Kumar Rajnish 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Lead and lead-containing compounds are considered as toxic substances due to their detrimental effect on the environment. Sn-based soldering systems, like Sn-Cu and Sn-Zn are considered as the most promising candidates to replace the eutectic Sn-Pb solder compared to other solders because of their low melting temperature and favorable properties. Eutectic Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu and near eutectic composition Sn-8 wt.% Zn solders have been considered here for study. For the Sn-Cu system, besides the eutectic Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu composition, Sn-1Cu and Sn-2Cu were studied. Three compositions containing Ag: Sn-2Ag-0.7Cu, Sn-2.5Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-4.5Ag-0.7Cu were also developed. Ag was added to the eutectic Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu composition in order to reduce the melting temperature of the eutectic alloy and to enhance the mechanical properties. For the Sn-Zn system, besides the Sn-8 wt.% Zn near eutectic composition, Sn-8Zn-0.05Ag, Sn-8Zn-0.1Ag and Sn-8Zn-0.2Ag solder alloys were developed. The structure and morphology of the solder alloys were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), filed emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), electron diffraction X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal analysis of the alloys was also done using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Trace additions of Ag have been found to significantly reduce the melting temperature of the Sn-0.7 wt.% Cu and Sn-8 wt.% Zn alloys.
Luminescence properties of novel red-emitting phosphor InNb1-xPxO4:Eu3+ for white light emitting-diodes
Authors: Tang An , Ma Tao , Gu Liduo , Zhao Yongtao , Zhang Junhui , Zhang Haoming , Shao Fengxiang , Zhang Hongsong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
InNb1-xPxO4:Eu3+ red phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and their luminescence properties were also studied through photoluminescence spectra. The excitation and emission spectra make it clear that the as-prepared phosphors can be effectively excited by near-ultraviolet (UV) 394 nm light and blue 466 nm light to emit strong red light located at 612 nm, due to the Eu3+ transition of 5D0 → 7F2. The luminescence intensity is dependent on phosphorus content, and it achieves the maximum at x = 0.4. Excessive phosphorus in the phosphors can result in reduction of luminescence intensity owing to concentration quenching.With the increasing content of phosphorus, the phosphors are prone to emit pure red light. This shows that the InNb1.6P0.4O4:0.04Eu3+ phosphor may be a potential candidate as a red component for white light emitting-diodes.
Effect of Ba addition on the structural, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Suchanicz J. , Lewczuk U. , Konieczny K. , Dutkiewicz E.M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Lead-free (Na0.5Bi0.5)1-xBaxTiO3 (x = 0, 0.04 and 0.06) ceramics were fabricated by conventional solid phase sintering process. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that obtained specimens possess the perovskite structure. The microstructure study shows a dense structure, in good agreement with the relative density determined by the Archimedes method (above 95 %). Electric permittivity anomaly is shifted to low temperature after Ba doping of NBT. The pyroelectric and hysteresis loops measurements show that polarization and coercive field increases and decreases, respectively, after Ba doping of NBT. The obtained results are discussed in terms of ions/lattice imperfections, which create local electromechanical fields. The investigated ceramics are considered to be promising candidates for lead-free electronic materials.
Research on high-temperature compression and creep behavior of porous Cu–Ni–Cr alloy for molten carbonate fuel cell anodes
Authors: Li W. , Chen J. , Liang H. , Li C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The effect of porosity on high temperature compression and creep behavior of porous Cu alloy for the new molten carbonate fuel cell anodes was examined. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate and analyze the details of the microstructure and surface deformation. Compression creep tests were utilized to evaluate the mechanical properties of the alloy at 650 °C. The compression strength, elastic modulus, and yield stress all increased with the decrease in porosity. Under the same creep stress, the materials with higher porosity exhibited inferior creep resistance and higher steadystate creep rate. The creep behavior has been classified in terms of two stages. The first stage relates to grain rearrangement which results from the destruction of large pores by the applied load. In the second stage, small pores are collapsed by a subsequent sintering process under the load. The main deformation mechanism consists in that several deformation bands generate sequentially under the perpendicular loading, and in these deformation bands the pores are deformed by flattering and collapsing sequentially. On the other hand, the shape of a pore has a severe influence on the creep resistance of the material, i.e. every increase of pore size corresponds to a decrease in creep resistance.
Method of Measurement of Capacitance and Dielectric Loss Factor Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Roj Jerzy , Cichy Adam 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A novel method of dielectric loss factor measuring has been described. It is based on a quasi-balanced method for the capacitance measurement. These AC circuits allow to measure only one component of the impedance. However, after analyzing a quasi-balanced circuit's processing equation, it is possible to derive a novel method of dielectric loss factor measuring. Dielectric loss factor can be calculated after detuning the circuit from its quasi-equilibrium state. There are two possible ways of measuring the dielectric loss factor. In the first, the quasi-balancing of the circuit is necessary. However, it is possible to measure capacitance of an object under test. In the second method, the capacitance cannot be measured. Use of an artificial neural network minimizes errors of the loss factor determining. Simulations showed that the appropriate choice of the range of the detuning can minimize errors as well.
New Vision Sensor to Measure Gas Pressure
Authors: Murawski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the construction and operation of a video sensor developed for video-manometer. In the publication the use of video-manometer for measuring gas pressure is presented. A characteristic feature of the device is pressure measurement based on diaphragm deformation and digital image processing. Presented measuring technique eliminates restrictions in the construction of the measuring apparatus arising from non-linear nature of diaphragm deformation. It also allows performing measurements of gas pressure, also of explosive gas, providing galvanic isolation between the factor measured and the measuring device. The paper presents the results of video-manometer calibration and measurements taken during the laboratory tests. It has been shown that the developed video-manometer, that is equipped with a flat silicone diaphragm, allows measuring the gas pressure in the range of 0 – 100 mbar with an error less than 2 %. In the experiments the CO2 pressure was measured.
Transparent conducting oxides for electro-optical plasmonic modulators
Authors: Babicheva Viktoriia E. , Boltasseva Alexandra , Lavrinenko Andrei V. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:The ongoing quest for ultra-compact optical devices has reached a bottleneck due to the diffraction limit in conventional photonics. New approaches that provide subwavelength optical elements, and therefore lead to miniaturization of the entire photonic circuit, are urgently required. Plasmonics, which combines nanoscale light confinement and optical-speed processing of signals, has the potential to enable the next generation of hybrid information-processing devices, which are superior to the current photonic dielectric components in terms of speed and compactness. New plasmonic materials (other than metals), or optical materials with metal-like behavior, have recently attracted a lot of attention due to the promise they hold to enable low-loss, tunable, CMOScompatible devices for photonic technologies. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of various compact optical modulator designs that utilize a class of the most promising new materials as the active layer or core— namely, transparent conducting oxides. Such modulators can be made low-loss, compact, and exhibit high tunability while offering low cost and compatibility with existing semiconductor technologies. A detailed analysis of different configurations and their working characteristics, such as their extinction ratio, compactness, bandwidth, and losses, is performed identifying the most promising designs.
Active molecular plasmonics: tuning surface plasmon resonances by exploiting molecular dimensions
Authors: Chen Kai , Leong Eunice Sok Ping , Rukavina Michael , Nagao Tadaaki , Liu Yan Jun , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Molecular plasmonics explores and exploits the molecule–plasmon interactions on metal nanostructures to harness light at the nanoscale for nanophotonic spectroscopy and devices. With the functional molecules and polymers that change their structural, electrical, and/or optical properties in response to external stimuli such as electric fields and light, one can dynamically tune the plasmonic properties for enhanced or new applications, leading to a new research area known as active molecular plasmonics (AMP). Recent progress in molecular design, tailored synthesis, and self-assembly has enabled a variety of scenarios of plasmonic tuning for a broad range of AMP applications. Dimension (i.e., zero-, two-, and threedimensional) of the molecules on metal nanostructures has proved to be an effective indicator for defining the specific scenarios. In this review article, we focus on structuring the field of AMP based on the dimension of molecules and discussing the state of the art of AMP. Our perspective on the upcoming challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of AMP is also included.
Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 7
Authors: Flakus Adam , Sipman Harrie J. M. , Rodriguez Flakus Pamela , Jabłońska Agnieszka , Oset Magdalena , Kukwa Martin , Meneses Q. Rosa I. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract This paper presents new distribution records for 80 lichen taxa from Bolivia, including 14 new national records: Bulbothrix thomasiana Benatti & Marcelli, Dirinaria confluens (Fr.) Awasthi var. coccinea (Lynge) Awasthi, D. melanocarpa (Müll. Arg.) C. W. Dodge, Gyalideopsis lambinonii Vězda, Malmidea sulphureosorediata M. Cáceres, D. A. Mota & Aptroot, Parmelia warmingii Vain., Ramalina aspera Räsänen, R. canaguensis V. Marcano & A. Morales, R. disparata Krog & Swinscow, R. grumosa Kashiw., R. incana Kashiw., R. puiggarii Müll. Arg., R. usnea (L.) Howe and Ramonia valenzueliana (Mont.) Stizenb. Notes on distribution and chemistry are provided for most species.
Fourth species of Duckeella (Orchidaceae) discovered in Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract Duckeella humboldtii, a new species from Colombia, is described, illustrated and placed within the key for determination of Duckeella Porto & Brade representatives. The comparative morphology of all known species of the genus is presented.
The publication dates of Fragmenta Floristica Et Geobotanica (Ann. 1–45, 1954–2001)
Authors: Ochyra Ryszard , Bednarek-Ochyra Halina , Godzik Barbara 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA short history of the botanical journal Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica is presented. The effective dates of publication of all instalments of this journal are compiled. Publication dates for all parts and supplements of volumes 1−45 which were published in the years 1954−2001 are included.
Hieracia Balcanica X. Typification of the Hieracium (Asteraceae) names described by K. H. Zahn from the Balkan Peninsula
Authors: Szeląg Zbigniew 
Published: July 2015

Abstract Twenty-two names in Hieracium L. described by Karl Herman Zahn from the Balkan Peninsula are lectotypified from among specimens stored at BRNM, PR and PRC. All considered taxa are illustrated by photos of original specimens.
Effectiveness of cartographic presentation methods applied within small-scale thematic maps in the press and on the Internet
Authors: Korycka-Skorupa Jolanta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The author discuss effectiveness of cartographic presentations. The article includes opinions of cartographers regarding effectiveness, readability and efficiency of a map. It reminds the principles of map graphic design in order to verify them using examples of small-scale thematic maps.
The following questions have been asked: Is the map effective? Why is the map effective? How do cartographic presentation methods affect effectiveness of the cartographic message? What else can influence effectiveness of a map?
Each graphic presentation should be effective, as its purpose is to complete written word, draw the recipients’ attention, make text more readable, expose the most important information. Such a significant role of graphics results in the fact that graphic presentations (maps, diagrams) require proper preparation.
Users need to have a chance to understand the graphics language in order to draw correct conclusions about the presented phenomenon. Graphics should demonstrate the most important elements, some tendencies, and directions of changes. It should generalize and present a given subject from a slightly different perspective.
There are numerous examples of well-edited and poorly edited small-scale thematic maps. They include maps, which are impossible to interpret correctly. They are burdened with methodological defects and they cannot fulfill their task.
Cartography practice indicates that the principles related to graphic design of cartographic presentation are frequently omitted during the process of developing small-scale thematic maps used – among others – in the press and on the Internet. The purpose of such presentations is to quickly interpret them. On such maps editors’ problems with the selection of an appropriate symbol and graphic variable (fig. 1A, 9B) are visible. Sometimes they use symbols which are not sufficiently distinguishable nor demonstrative (fig. 11), it does not increase their readability. Sometime authors try too hard to reflect presented phenomenon and therefore the map becomes more difficult to interpret (fig. 4A,B). The lack of graphic sense resulting in the lack of graphic balance and aesthetics constitutes a weak point of numerous cartographic presentations (fig. 13).
Effectiveness of cartographic presentations consists of knowledge and skills of the map editor, as well as the recipients’ perception capabilities and their readiness to read and interpret maps. The qualifications of the map editor should include methodological qualifications supported by the knowledge of the principles for cartographic symbol design, as well as relevant technical qualifications, which allow to properly use the tools to edit a map. Maps facilitate the understanding of texts they accompany and they present relationships between phenomenon better than texts, appealing to the senses.
The problem of the availability of nautical charts and publications on the Northern Sea Route
Authors: Pastusiak Tadeusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Statistical studies of marine accidents and unfortunate events in ice-covered areas in 1995–2004 and 2004–2011 showed a general lack of information from the area under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation. The author’s research for the period 2004–2011 showed a large number of unfortunate events caused by lack of adequate provision of nautical charts, shortage of accurate position systems on board vessels as well as weak technical condition of these vessels. The author examined the problem of navigation safety on the Northern Sea Route in terms of availability of the official nautical charts and publications.
The availability of official nautical publications supplied by global producers is more diverse and ambiguous than it is in case of nautical charts. Surprising is lack of Russian publications related to tides and unavailability of a guide for planning routes on Northern Sea Route issued by Russia in Russian and English languages.
Global producers of official charts and nautical publications do not provide full range of information and recommend vessels the use of the products supplied by Russia. These products are issued in Russian. This is a serious impediment to their use and thus introduces privilege of ships’ crews who speak Russian.
Northern Sea Route leads through regions that are not sufficiently explored. The Northern Sea Route Administration recommends guiding ships only on designated routes marked on maps and described in nautical publications. The currently hydrographic work is focused on determining new routes according to the spatial distribution of the ice massifs during the navigation season. However, this does not solve the problem of a comprehensive exploration of the Russian Arctic regions for the purpose of safe navigation on the customized routes.
Philosophy of Sport Education: Main Issues and Methodology
Authors: Isidori Emanuele 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study is to reflect upon the main issues of the so-called philosophy of sport education, showing its methodologies and possible use in the context of sport studies. This study will begin answering two of the main questions dealing with the issues of the philosophy of sport education, that is: what are sport and its values from an educational philosophical perspective and how can we put these values into practice through a practical methodology?
The study will show that the philosophy of sport education is a human science capable of developing both a theoretical and practical knowledge very useful for physical education teachers, sport educators, athletes, and coaches. The aim of this philosophical science is to analyze and understand sport in order to give it an educational and hermeneutical sense: that is, interpreting and not merely describing sport and its complex problems, and trying to find a solution in light of a pedagogical perspective and through a reflexive methodology of intervention.