bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change may lead to the inability of millions of people to afford a healthy diet
Authors: Li Bengang , Jiang Yongye , Fu Bo , Ciais Philippe , Suo Xinhao , Chen Guolong , Lai Yuqin , Shen Guofeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has called for the food system worldwide to shift from 'feeding people' to 'nourishing people', with the aim of improving the affordability of a diverse diet to better meet health needs. Achieving this goal requires reducing poverty and advancing agricultural development. However, climate change negatively impacts agricultural yields and food prices, diminishing these efforts. The extent to which climate change affects the affordability of healthy diets and their regional variations remains unclear. In this study, the impact of climate change on the affordability of healthy diets under different scenarios was assessed by coupling a climate-crop yield model with integrated assessment model GCAM7. We found that under the high-emission scenario (SSP5-unconstrained), the impacts of climate change, including global crop yield reductions and consequent increases in food prices, lead to an additional 70 million people globally will be unable to afford healthy diets by the end of the century, despite significant economic growth. Under the low-emission scenario SSP1-2.6, the impact on the food system is less than one-tenth that under SSP5-unconstrained. In all scenarios, developing regions are significantly more affected than wealthier regions, despite contributing less to climate change. In addressing climate change, we must acknowledge the varying vulnerabilities in affordability across different regions and populations. Effective mitigation measures are essential to ensure that everyone, regardless of their location, can access a healthy diet.
CIDER: Counterfactual-Invariant Diffusion-based GNN Explainer for Causal Subgraph Inference
Authors: zhang qibin , LYU Chengshang , Chen Lingxi , Jin Qiqi , Luonan Chen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Inferring causal links or subgraphs corresponding to a specific phenotype or label based solely on measured data is an important yet challenging task, which is also different from inferring causal nodes. While Graph Neural Network (GNN) Explainers have shown potential in subgraph identification, existing methods with GNN often offer associative rather than causal insights. This lack of transparency and explainability hinders our understanding of their results and also underlying mechanisms. To address this issue, we propose a novel method of causal link/subgraph inference, called CIDER: Counterfactual-Invariant Diffusion-based GNN ExplaineR, by implementing both counterfactual and diffusion implementations. In other words, it is a model-agnostic and task-agnostic framework for generating causal explanations based on a counterfactual-invariant and diffusion process, which provides not only causal subgraphs due to counterfactual implementation but reliable causal links due to the diffusion process. Specifically, CIDER is first formulated as an inference task that generatively provides the two distributions of one causal subgraph and another spurious subgraph. Then, to enhance the reliability, we further model the CIDER framework as a diffusion process. Thus, using the causal subgraph distribution, we can explicitly quantify the contribution of each subgraph to a phenotype/label in a counterfactual manner, representing each subgraph’s causal strength. From a causality perspective, CIDER is an interventional causal method, different from traditional association studies or observational causal approaches, and can also reduce the effects of unobserved confounders. We evaluate CIDER on both synthetic and real-world datasets, which all demonstrate the superiority of CIDER over state-of-the-art methods.
The transcription factor Bcl11a is essential for functional B-1a cell maintenance during aging
Authors: Yu Yong , Xu Shasha , Huang Liangfeng , Zhang Lin , Wang Jing , Hu Yi , Yang Yi , Shi Xiao , Liu Chaohong , Wang Rong , Miao Zhichao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

B-1a cells, key natural IgM producers, are established during fetal and neonatal stages and maintained through self-renewal in adulthood. Essential for initial immune responses, these cells experience a functional decline and clonal expansion as they age, a process not yet fully understood. Our study identifies the transcription factor Bcl11a as crucial for maintaining B-1a cell numbers, showing variable expression between aged male and female mice. Enhanced Bcl11a expression in females correlates with increased B-1a cell counts, whereas its reduction in males leads to fewer cells. Deleting Bcl11a markedly reduces B-1a cell numbers across both sexes and all ages, highlighting its essential role in cell maintenance. Bcl11a's loss upregulates FcγRIV (Fcgr4), facilitating NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). By repressing Fcgr4 directly and indirectly through Fcer1g, Bcl11a protects B-1a cells from ADCC, thus preserving their viability. This discovery emphasizes the potential of modulating Bcl11a expression to boost immune function in the elderly, underscoring its importance in immune surveillance and cellular integrity.
Five Thousand Years of Inequality in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Duffy Paul R. , Wilkes Fynn , Skorna Henry , Furholt Martin , Dickie Cait , Furholt Kata , Bilotti Giacomo , Müller Johannes , Feinman Gary M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The emergence of sedentary farming economies, especially in contexts intensified by plow agriculture, has been argued to underpin marked increases in economic inequality and its intergenerational transmission across Eurasia. To assess this presumed causal relationship, we examine relational (burials) and material (house sizes) inequalities in the Carpathian Basin, a large region in central Europe, from the time the first farmers arrived in southeastern Europe through the next five millennia to the Bronze Age. We find that although farming did increase the potentials for both relational and material inequalities that potential was rarely reached, and then only for short durations. A series of leveling mechanisms, which shifted over time, are identified including the removal of material wealth from circulation, community fission, and investments of surplus labor in infrastructural investments. In the Carpathian Basin, only after at least five thousand years were the intergenerational potentials of material wealth transmissions more broadly realized.
Best Practices and Training Needs Related to Interactions With Family Members During Neonatal Resuscitation Procedures: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: HERVIEUX Coralie , MOUSSA Ahmed , LOYE Nathalie , BOURQUE Claude Julie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Family presence during a resuscitation (FPDR) in neonatology is unevenly accepted by healthcare professionals (HCPs). To develop innovative educational materials for resuscitation teams in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), evidence-based information is needed on constructive interactions with family members during the procedures. This protocol is for a scoping review that aims to identify the best practices regarding support and interactions of HCPs with family members during neonatal resuscitation in the NICU and to propose recommendations for developing a targeted in-situ simulation training. The review willfocus on HCPs’ perception of FPDR in terms of interpersonal skills, reluctance and need for interactional training.
Methods and analysis: In 2021, Dainty and collaborators published a systematic review on FPDR (pediatric and neonatal) that focused on the impact on the patients as well as family-centered and HCP centred outcomes. From their literature strategic search, we will extrapolate and narrow down the search to “neonatology” and add relevant recent studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) model will guide the literature search on four electronic databases (ScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE Ovid and CINAHL) for studies published from January 2012 to December 2022. Data collection process will be documented through a PRISMA-P flowchart, including the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. After data extraction, we will conduct a descriptive thematic analysis to synthesise content and identify emerging themes on family support and interactions, and on behaviors and actions recommended for HCP during neonatal resuscitation.
Ethics and dissemination: Formal ethic approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through scientific conferences, publications, and knowledge transfer activities in simulation training in neonatology.
Satellite images reveal reduced lake chlorophyll concentration and eutrophication in China
Authors: Song Kaishan , Li Sijia , Xiao Xiangming , Liu Ge , Wen Zhidan , Fang Chong , Shang Yingxing , Tao Hui , Li Yong , Zhang Lele , Wang Qiang , Zhou Haoyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lake trophic state is the sentinel of water quality. Improvement of lake trophic state is at the core of various aquatic sustainable development goals for China. Although trophic state regime shifts have been well documented in some lakes, a national-scale assessment on spatiotemporal variation of trophic state has not been done. Here, we analyze Chl-a maps derived from Landsat images during 1990-2020 and assess the changes of trophic states over >1138 large lakes (surface areas larger than 1 km2), which account for 60.1% of total lake areas in China. On the average, these lakes in China had the most pronounced decreases of Chl-a levels since 2010. 180 light-eutrophic lakes (10<1.6, μg L-1) showed increases. At province-scale, the climate variations such as precipitation, temperature and wind speed could positively drive Chl-a’s increases, the increased GDP (3.16%) dominated their reduces. Further, the national protected policies promulgated and implemented significantly decrease lake Chl-a levels and alleviate trophic state since 2010. The patent policies implemented have a greater role in promoting water qualities, particular in relatively rich provinces/municipality as Beijing, Zhengjiang and Shanghai, following by central and east regions. Increased conservation and restoration efforts offset the success of climate change to increase eutrophication.
A Comparative Analysis of Wax and Solid Residues From Plastic Wastes Pyrolysis by FTIR Spectroscopy
Authors: Gurbanov Muslum Ahmed , Guliyeva Ulviye Aydin , Mirzazada Elshan Valeh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Following the division of the PET-1 plastic samples (Azerbaijan-made, SIRAB brand noncarbonated beverage) used for the study into 1 cm² pieces, they were fired in quartz ampoules at temperatures of 350°C, 450°C, and 550°C for one hour. The FTIR spectroscopy method was applied in accordance with the objectives of the study. Since PET is thermally stable, separation of the volatiles occurs above 420°C. At 450°C, peaks characteristic of wax are observed in the wavenumber range of 2500–3062 cm− 1, which may be due to the dispersion of the ether group in the PET macromolecule (these peaks are absent in the original sample). In our study, we observed a peak at approximately 1679 cm− 1, which we believe may be characteristic of the ether (C = O) group. During the thermal destruction of the PET-1 samples at temperatures of 450 and 550°C, strong peaks appear in the regions of 1260, 1085, and 1020 cm-1 in the FT-IR spectra, which could be indicative of the presence of carboxylic acids.
The use of innovative technologies to improve treated wastewater irrigation of olive trees in the Souss-Massa region, Morocco
Authors: Mansir Imane , Naji Yassine , Scardigno Alessandra , Dragonetti G. , El Otmani Mohamed , Bouchaou Lhoussaine , Choukr-Allah Redouane 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Treated wastewater (TWW) use represents a strategic prospect for sustainable agricultural development in water-scarce countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of adopting an innovative nozzle and irrigation management support (SIM) to promote the cultivation of olive trees under TWW in Morocco. The study involved 4-year-old olive trees irrigated according to the water requirement estimated by both the SIM model and the FAO56 method. The results showed that neither agronomic and physiological parameters nor leaves were affected by irrigation with TWW. However, the soil reacted differently as its alkalinity but witnessed a decrease in the fresh water (FW) treatments. The soil solution electrical conductivity was generally higher for TWW than FW. The savings on water and fertilizer costs generated by the TWW and TWW + SIM treatments are 570€ and 585€/ha, respectively, and the adoption of the two innovations generates additional net benefits equal to 45,000€, while to the nozzle with TWW alone, additional net benefits were observed that is 42,000€. A minimum increase in return of only 0.6% is needed to cover investment costs over the 30-year life of the project and the investment could be profitable even with a decrease in return of 48%.
Differences in Fear and Negativity Levels Between Formal and Informal Health-Related Websites: Analysis of Sentiments and Emotions
Authors: Paradise Vit Abigail , Magid Avi 
Published: August 2024

Background
Searching for web-based health-related information is frequently performed by the public and may affect public behavior regarding health decision-making. Particularly, it may result in anxiety, erroneous, and harmful self-diagnosis. Most searched health-related topics are cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. A health-related web-based search may result in either formal or informal medical website, both of which may evoke feelings of fear and negativity.

Objective
Our study aimed to assess whether there is a difference in fear and negativity levels between information appearing on formal and informal health-related websites.

Methods
A web search was performed to retrieve the contents of websites containing symptoms of selected diseases, using selected common symptoms. Retrieved websites were classified into formal and informal websites. Fear and negativity of each content were evaluated using 3 transformer models. A fourth transformer model was fine-tuned using an existing emotion data set obtained from a web-based health community. For formal and informal websites, fear and negativity levels were aggregated. t tests were conducted to evaluate the differences in fear and negativity levels between formal and informal websites.

Results
In this study, unique websites (N=1448) were collected, of which 534 were considered formal and 914 were considered informal. There were 1820 result pages from formal websites and 1494 result pages from informal websites. According to our findings, fear levels were statistically higher (t2753=3.331; P<.001) on formal websites (mean 0.388, SD 0.177) than on informal websites (mean 0.366, SD 0.168). The results also show that the level of negativity was statistically higher (t2753=2.726; P=.006) on formal websites (mean 0.657, SD 0.211) than on informal websites (mean 0.636, SD 0.201).

Conclusions
Positive texts may increase the credibility of formal health websites and increase their usage by the general public and the public’s compliance to the recommendations. Increasing the usage of natural language processing tools before publishing health-related information to achieve a more positive and less stressful text to be disseminated to the public is recommended.
Online Delivery of Interprofessional Adverse Childhood Experiences Training to Rural Providers: Usability Study
Authors: Kapp Julie M , Dicke Rachel , Quinn Kathleen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The population health burden of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) reflects a critical need for evidence-based provider training. Rural children are also more likely than urban children to have any ACEs. A large proportion of providers are unaware of the detrimental effects of ACEs. There is a significant documented need for training providers about ACEs and trauma-informed care, in addition to a demand for that training.

Objective
The objective was to develop, implement, and evaluate an online ACEs training curriculum tailored to Missouri providers, particularly those in rural areas given the higher prevalence of ACEs.

Methods
From July 2021 to June 2022, we conducted literature reviews and environmental scans of training videos, partner organizations, clinical practice guidelines, and community-based resources to curate appropriate and tailored content for the course. We developed the ACEs training course in the Canvas learning platform (Instructure) with the assistance of an instructional designer and media designer. The course was certified for continuing medical education, as well as continuing education for licensed professional counselors, psychologists, and social workers. Recruitment occurred via key stakeholder email invitations and snowball recruitment.

Results
Overall, 135 providers across Missouri requested enrollment, with 72.6% (n=98) enrolling and accessing the training. Of the latter, 49% (n=48) completed course requirements, with 100% of respondents agreeing that the content was relevant to their work, life, or practice; they intend to apply the content to their work, life, or practice; they feel confident to do so; and they would recommend the course to others. Qualitative responses supported active intent to translate knowledge into practice.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of interprofessional workforce ACEs training. Robust interest statewide reflects recognition of the topic’s importance and intention to translate knowledge into practice.
Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila dalam Membangun Kreativitas Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fatmawati Maulina , Minsih Minsih 
Published: August 2024

Curriculum changes after the new normal persuaded the education to adjust the one of policies of the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) which is the Pancasila Student Profile Program. There is one of the particular characteristics on the Independent Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) namely the Pancasila student profile which is used to intensify character education in Indonesia. The research aims to describe the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Program to enhance the creativity of students in Elementary School. A qualitative approach with phenomenological design is chosen as the research method. The techniques to gain the data are interviews, observation, and documentation. This research analyses the activity in the Elementary School Special Program of Muhammadiyah Kottabarat Surakarta which gained the results on the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Program on a theme of "Sustainable Lifestyle" (Gaya Hidup Berkelanjutan). This research revealed four steps namely introduction step, contextual, action, and follow-up in implementing the Pancasila Student Profile Program. In the follow-up steps, in the name of establishing creativity, students must sort the litter, and make a beautiful functional thing from it then, the secondhand litter can be more useful in life.
Retrospective evaluation of perioperative clinical outcomes of diaphyseal femoral fractures repaired with the string-of-pearls locking plate system with adjunctive fixation
Authors: Telek Stephanie , Law Andy , Sherman Alec , Cervone Anthony , Kraus Karl H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate outcomes and complication rate of utilizing a string-of-pearls (SOP) plate augmented with adjunctive fixation in the repair of canine femur fractures.

METHODS
Records of canine patients with mid-diaphyseal femoral fractures repaired with the SOP plate and adjunctive fixation were reviewed. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, patient weight, fracture configuration, repair technique, healing time, and complications based on perioperative radiographic follow-up to clinical union. Forty client-owned dogs met inclusion criteria for this study. Variables analyzed for association with major complications included body weight, fracture configuration, repair technique, and adjunctive fixation.

RESULTS
Major complications requiring surgical revision occurred in 8 of 40 fractures. Five cases experienced intramedullary pin migration and were successfully treated with sedated pin removal. The remaining 3 cases involved implant failure via screw shear breakage and required surgical revision of the fixation to achieve a successful outcome. On the basis of a calculated Bonferroni correction, no statistical significance of the tested variables was found in association with major complications; however, significance was limited due to the low statistical power of this study.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of adjunctive fixation with the SOP locking plate system led to radiographic union without complication in most cases, and no instances of plate breakage were reported. However, implant complications secondary to the adjunctive fixation can occur.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Adjunctive fixation used with the SOP plate for repair of canine femur fractures has a high success rate, though pin migration as a complication persists.
Three-dimensional Force Detection and Decoupling of a Flexible Tactile Sensor Array based on Porous Composite Piezoresistive Materials
Authors: Song Yang , Zhang Ying , Wang Feilu , Jiang Xiuli , Sun Niuping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive sensor array has broad application prospects in human-computer interaction. However, due to the complexity of reality, it is difficult to balance flexibility and perceptual ability in the process of tactile perception. Presented herein is a 4 × 4 matrix of a piezoresistive tactile sensor (TS) that is both pliable and composed of a porous blend of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This sensor matrix is endowed with characteristics like pliability, consistency, and acute sensitivity, which facilitate its adherence to various shaped surface profiles. It boasts a peak sensitivity of 0.6 kPa−1 and is capable of detecting pressures within a broad spectrum from 0 to 640 kPa. An in-depth examination has been undertaken to assess the TS array's response to pressure, encompassing aspects such as hysteresis and repeatability. In addition to this, a scanning system for the array has been constructed to promptly detect, digitize, and present the pressure applied. A neural network model for three-dimensional force decoupling has been established to analyze the real-time data emanating from the sensor matrix, thereby enabling the precise forecasting of the three-dimensional force exerted upon the array.