bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the bovine rumen microbiome reveals a diversity of Sus-like polysaccharide utilization loci from the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes
Authors: Rosewarne Carly P , Pope Phillip B , Cheung Jane L , Morrison Mark 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Several unique Sus-like polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) were identified from bacteria resident in bovine rumen microbiomes through functional screening of a fosmid library. The loci were phylogenetically assigned to the genus Prevotella within the phylum Bacteroidetes. These findings were augmented by a bioinformatic re-evaluation of ruminal Prevotella genomes, revealing additional loci not previously reported in the literature. Analysis of Bacteroidales-affiliated genomes reconstructed from a bovine rumen metagenome in a previous study further expanded the diversity of Sus-like PULs resident in this microbiome. Our findings suggest that Sus-like systems represent an important mechanism for degradation of a range of plant-derived glycans in ruminants.
Synthesis, Quantum Chemical Calculations and Properties of Nonionic and Nonionic–Anionic Surfactants Based on Fatty Alkyl Succinate
Authors: Hussein Ahmed M. , Khowdiary Manal M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo surfactants based on maleic anhydride were synthesized by esterification with fatty alcohols C10, C12 and C14 to produce half esters [I–III]. Nonionic surfactant monoesters [I–III]a–c synthesized by ethoxylation of [I–III] with different moles of ethylene oxide [6, 8 and 10] in the presence of K10 clay as an untraditionally catalyst. The later products were sulfonated to produce nonionic–anionic surfactants [IV–VI]a–c. The structures of synthesized surfactant were elucidated by FTIR and 1H‐NMR data. Their surface activity and biodegradability were determined. All the synthesized surfactants showed good surface activity and biodegradability, but anionic‐nonionic type has better effect than nonionic one. Quantum chemical calculations were utilized to explore the electronic structure and stability of these compounds. Computational studies have been carried out at the PM3 semiempirical molecular orbitals level, to establish the highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, ionization potential energy and ESP mapping of these compounds. Also, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and toxic properties were studied to gain a clear view of the oral bioavailability of these compounds.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Poly(linoleic acid)‐g‐Poly(styrene)‐g‐Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Graft Copolymers
Authors: Allı Abdulkadir , Allı Sema , Becer C. Remzi , Hazer Baki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOne‐pot synthesis of graft copolymers by ring‐opening polymerization and free radical polymerization using polymeric linoleic acid peroxide (PLina) is reported. Graft copolymers having structures of poly(linoleic acid)‐g‐polystyrene‐g‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) were synthesized from PLina, possessing peroxide groups on the main chain by the combination of free radical polymerization of styrene and ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in one‐step. Principal parameters, such as monomer concentration, initiator concentration, and polymerization time, which effect the one‐pot polymerization reactions were evaluated. The obtained graft copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR and DOSY‐NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques.
The epidemiology of transient synovitis in Liverpool, UK
Authors: Harrison William D. , Vooght A. K. , Singhal R. , Bruce C. E. , Perry D. C. 
Published: January 2014

Background The epidemiology of transient synovitis is poorly understood, and the aetiology is unknown, although a suggestion of a viral association predominates. Purpose This population-based study investigated the epidemiology in order to formulate aetiological theories of pathogenesis. Patient and methods Cases in Merseyside were identified between 2004 and 2009. Incidence rates were determined and analysed by age, sex, season and region of residence. Socioeconomic deprivation scores were generated using the Index of Multiple Deprivation, allocated by postcode. Poisson confidence intervals were calculated and Poisson regression was used to check for trends. Results Two hundred and fifty-nine cases were identified over 5.5 years. The annual incidence was 25.1 (95 % CI 22.1–28.5) per 100,000 0–14 year-olds. Male to female ratio was 3.2:1 ( p < 0.001). Mean age at presentation was 5.4 years (95 % CI 5.0–5.8), which demonstrated a near-normal distribution. No relationship was identified between seasonality and incidence ( p = 0.64). A correlation was identified with socioeconomic deprivation in Merseyside: incidence rate ratio 1.16 (95 % CI 1.06–1.26, p < 0.001), although further analysis within the subregion of Liverpool did not confirm this finding ( p = 0.35). Conclusions The normal distribution for age at disease presentation suggests a specific disease entity. The absence of seasonality casts some doubt on the popular theory of a viral aetiology. The absence of a consistent socioeconomic gradient in both Merseyside and Liverpool challenges a previous suggestion of an association with Perthes’ disease. This paper provides ecological evidence that may challenge existing aetiological theories, though transient synovitis remains an enigma.
Fractured Identity: A Framework for Understanding Young Asian American Women’s Self-harm and Suicidal Behaviors
Authors: Hahm Hyeouk Chris , Gonyea Judith G. , Chiao Christine , Koritsanszky Luca Anna 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDespite the high suicide rate among young Asian American women, the reasons for this phenomenon remain unclear. This qualitative study explored the family experiences of 16 young Asian American women who are children of immigrants and report a history of self-harm and/or suicidal behaviors. Our findings suggest that the participants experienced multiple types of “disempowering parenting styles” that are characterized as: abusive, burdening, culturally disjointed, disengaged, and gender-prescriptive parenting. Tied to these family dynamics is the double bind that participants suffer. Exposed to multiple types of negative parenting, the women felt paralyzed by opposing forces, caught between a deep desire to satisfy their parents’ expectations as well as societal expectations and to simultaneously rebel against the image of “the perfect Asian woman.” Torn by the double bind, these women developed a “fractured identity,” which led to the use of “unsafe coping” strategies. Trapped in a “web of pain,” the young women suffered alone and engaged in self-harm and suicidal behaviors.
Second Evidence Aid Conference: Prioritizing Evidence in Disaster Aid
Authors: Vandekerckhove Philippe , Clarke Michael J. , De Buck Emmy , Allen Claire , Kayabu Bonnix 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Second Evidence Aid Conference took place in Brussels, Belgium, in October 2012, jointly organized by Evidence Aid and the Belgian Red Cross–Flanders. It provided an opportunity to build on the discussions from the 2011 First Evidence Aid Conference in Oxford, England, and prioritize the future work of Evidence Aid. Within the plenary presentations, discussions, and small work groups, the more than 80 international participants addressed issues regarding the need, use, and prioritization of evidence. Three parallel workshops focused on the prioritization of research, systematic reviews, and data to be collected during disasters, leading to a suggested prioritization framework and a commitment to identify key areas for evidence in disasters. Working with a wide variety of people and organizations from the disaster and humanitarian sectors, Evidence Aid will take this framework and develop a list of top priority questions in need of research and systematic reviews. Although Evidence Aid will not be able to address all of the research questions that will be identified in this process, it will collect them for sharing with relevant agencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:593-596)
Assessing Functional Needs Sheltering in Pike County, Kentucky: Using a Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response
Authors: Kolwaite Amy R. , Hlady W. Gary , Simon Matthew C. , Cadwell Betsy L. , Daley W. Randolph , Fleischauer Aaron T. , May Zora , Thoroughman Doug 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveDuring 2009-2011, Pike County, Kentucky, experienced a series of severe weather events that resulted in property damage, insufficient potable water, and need for temporary shelters. A Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) survey was implemented for future planning. CASPER assesses household health status, preparedness level, and anticipated demand for shelters.MethodsWe used a 2-stage cluster sampling design to randomly select 210 representative households for in-person interviews. We estimated the proportion of households with children aged 2 years or younger; adults aged 65 years or older; and residents with chronic health conditions, visual impairments, physical limitations, and supplemental oxygen requirements.ResultsOf all households surveyed, 8% included children aged 2 years or younger, and 27% included adults aged 65 years or older. The most common chronic health conditions were heart disease (51%), diabetes (28%), lung disease (23%), and asthma (21%). Visual impairments were reported in 29% of households, physical limitations in 24%, and supplemental oxygen use in 12%.ConclusionsPike County residents should be encouraged to maintain an adequate supply of medications and copies of their prescriptions. Emergency response plans should include transportation for persons with physical limitations; and shelter plans should include sufficient medically trained staff and adequate supplies of infant formula, pharmaceuticals, and supplemental oxygen. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:597-602)
DSM-5 disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: correlates and predictors in young children
Authors: Dougherty L. R. , Smith V. C. , Bufferd S. J. , Carlson G. A. , Stringaris A. , Leibenluft E. , Klein D. N. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundDespite the inclusion of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) in DSM-5, little empirical data exist on the disorder. We estimated rates, co-morbidity, correlates and early childhood predictors of DMDD in a community sample of 6-year-olds.MethodDMDD was assessed in 6-year-old children (n = 462) using a parent-reported structured clinical interview. Age 6 years correlates and age 3 years predictors were drawn from six domains: demographics; child psychopathology, functioning, and temperament; parental psychopathology; and the psychosocial environment.ResultsThe 3-month prevalence rate for DMDD was 8.2% (n = 38). DMDD occurred with an emotional or behavioral disorder in 60.5% of these children. At age 6 years, concurrent bivariate analyses revealed associations between DMDD and depression, oppositional defiant disorder, the Child Behavior Checklist – Dysregulation Profile, functional impairment, poorer peer functioning, child temperament (higher surgency and negative emotional intensity and lower effortful control), and lower parental support and marital satisfaction. The age 3 years predictors of DMDD at age 6 years included child attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, the Child Behavior Checklist – Dysregulation Profile, poorer peer functioning, child temperament (higher child surgency and negative emotional intensity and lower effortful control), parental lifetime substance use disorder and higher parental hostility.ConclusionsA number of children met DSM-5 criteria for DMDD, and the diagnosis was associated with numerous concurrent and predictive indicators of emotional and behavioral dysregulation and poor functioning.
The effect of the environment on symptom dimensions in the first episode of psychosis: a multilevel study
Authors: Oher F. J. , Demjaha A. , Jackson D. , Morgan C. , Dazzan P. , Morgan K. , Boydell J. , Doody G. A. , Murray R. M. , Bentall R. P. , Jones P. B. , Kirkbride J. B. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThe extent to which different symptom dimensions vary according to epidemiological factors associated with categorical definitions of first-episode psychosis (FEP) is unknown. We hypothesized that positive psychotic symptoms, including paranoid delusions and depressive symptoms, would be more prominent in more urban environments.MethodWe collected clinical and epidemiological data on 469 people with FEP (ICD-10 F10–F33) in two centres of the Aetiology and Ethnicity in Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses (AESOP) study: Southeast London and Nottinghamshire. We used multilevel regression models to examine neighbourhood-level and between-centre differences in five symptom dimensions (reality distortion, negative symptoms, manic symptoms, depressive symptoms and disorganization) underpinning Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) Item Group Checklist (IGC) symptoms. Delusions of persecution and reference, along with other individual IGC symptoms, were inspected for area-level variation.ResultsReality distortion [estimated effect size (EES) 0.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.24] and depressive symptoms (EES 0.21, 95% CI 0.07–0.34) were elevated in people with FEP living in more urban Southeast London but disorganized symptomatology was lower (EES –0.06, 95% CI –0.10 to –0.02), after controlling for confounders. Delusions of persecution were not associated with increased neighbourhood population density [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.23], although an effect was observed for delusions of reference (aOR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12–1.77). Hallucinatory symptoms showed consistent elevation in more densely populated neighbourhoods (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.61).ConclusionsIn people experiencing FEP, elevated levels of reality distortion and depressive symptoms were observed in more urban, densely populated neighbourhoods. No clear association was observed for paranoid delusions; hallucinations were consistently associated with increased population density. These results suggest that urban environments may affect the syndromal presentation of psychotic disorders.
Extensive brain structural network abnormality in first-episode treatment-naive patients with schizophrenia: morphometrical and covariation study
Authors: Chen Z. , Deng W. , Gong Q. , Huang C. , Jiang L. , Li M. , He Z. , Wang Q. , Ma X. , Wang Y. , Chua S. E. , McAlonan G. M. , Sham P. C. , Collier D. A. , McGuire P. , Li T. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAlterations in gray matter (GM) are commonly observed in schizophrenia. Accumulating studies suggest that the brain changes associated with schizophrenia are distributed rather than focal, involving interconnected networks of areas as opposed to single regions. In the current study we aimed to explore GM volume (GMV) changes in a relatively large sample of treatment-naive first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and covariation analysis.MethodHigh-resolution T1-weighted images were obtained using 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 86 first-episode drug-naive patients with schizophrenia and 86 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Symptom severity was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). GMV was assessed using optimized VBM and in 16 regions of interest (ROIs), selected on the basis of a previous meta-analysis. The relationships between GMVs in the ROIs were examined using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).ResultsThe VBM analysis revealed that first-episode patients showed reduced GMV in the hippocampus bilaterally. The ROI analysis identified reductions in GMV in the left inferior frontal gyrus, bilateral hippocampus and right thalamus. The ANCOVA revealed different patterns of regional GMV correlations in patients and controls, including of inter- and intra-insula, inter-amygdala and insula–postcentral gyrus connections.ConclusionsSchizophrenia involves regional reductions in GMV and changes in GMV covariance in the insula, amygdala and postcentral gyrus. These findings were evident at the onset of the disorder, before treatment, and therefore cannot be attributable to the effects of chronic illness progression or medication.
A longitudinal twin study of physical aggression during early childhood: evidence for a developmentally dynamic genome
Authors: Lacourse E. , Boivin M. , Brendgen M. , Petitclerc A. , Girard A. , Vitaro F. , Paquin S. , Ouellet-Morin I. , Dionne G. , Tremblay R. E. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundPhysical aggression (PA) tends to have its onset in infancy and to increase rapidly in frequency. Very little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of PA development during early childhood. We investigated the temporal pattern of genetic and environmental etiology of PA during this crucial developmental period.MethodParticipants were 667 twin pairs, including 254 monozygotic and 413 dizygotic pairs, from the ongoing longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Maternal reports of PA were obtained from three waves of data at 20, 32 and 50 months. These reports were analysed using a biometric Cholesky decomposition and linear latent growth curve model.ResultsThe best-fitting Cholesky model revealed developmentally dynamic effects, mostly genetic attenuation and innovation. The contribution of genetic factors at 20 months substantially decreased over time, while new genetic effects appeared later on. The linear latent growth curve model revealed a significant moderate increase in PA from 20 to 50 months. Two separate sets of uncorrelated genetic factors accounted for the variation in initial level and growth rate. Non-shared and shared environments had no effect on the stability, initial status and growth rate in PA.ConclusionsGenetic factors underlie PA frequency and stability during early childhood; they are also responsible for initial status and growth rate in PA. The contribution of shared environment is modest, and perhaps limited, as it appears only at 50 months. Future research should investigate the complex nature of these dynamic genetic factors through genetic–environment correlation (rGE) and interaction (G × E) analyses.
Biophysical groundwork as a hinge to unravel the biology of α-synuclein aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Plotegher Nicoletta , Greggio Elisa , Bisaglia Marco , Bubacco Luigi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlpha-synuclein (aS) and its aggregation properties are central in the development and spread of Parkinson's disease. Point mutations and multiplications of the SNCA gene encoding aS cause autosomal dominant forms of the disorder. Moreover, protein inclusions found in the surviving neurons of parkinsonian brains consist mainly of a fibrillar form of aS. Aggregates of aS, which form a transient, complex and heterogeneous ensemble, participate in a wide variety of toxic mechanisms that may be amplified by aS spreading among neighbouring neurons. Recently, significant effort has been directed into the study of the aS aggregation process and the impact of aS aggregates on neuron survival. In this review, we present state-of-the-art biophysical studies on the aS aggregation process in vitro and in cellular models. We comprehensively review the new insights generated by the recent biophysical investigations, which could provide a solid basis from which to design future biomedical studies. The diverse cellular models of aS toxicity and their potential use in the biophysical investigation are also discussed.
Adaptive control of rigid-link electrically driven robots with parametric uncertainties in kinematics and dynamics and without acceleration measurements
Authors: Ahmadipour Mahboubeh , Khayatian Alireza , Dehghani Maryam 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, the backstepping strategy is used to design an adaptive tracking controller for rigid-link electrically driven robots in the presence of parametric uncertainties in kinematics, manipulator dynamics, and actuator dynamics. To avoid acceleration measurements, two techniques are exploited. One technique adds compensation control terms to the control law signal. The other uses a linear in variable property of the Jacobian matrix. Global asymptotic convergence of the end-effector motion tracking errors is shown via Lyapunov analysis. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Emotion recognition in preschool children: Associations with maternal depression and early parenting
Authors: Kujawa Autumn , Dougherty Lea , Durbin C. Emily , Laptook Rebecca , Torpey Dana , Klein Daniel N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEmotion knowledge in childhood has been shown to predict social functioning and psychological well-being, but relatively little is known about parental factors that influence its development in early childhood. There is some evidence that both parenting behavior and maternal depression are associated with emotion recognition, but previous research has only examined these factors independently. The current study assessed auditory and visual emotion recognition ability among a large sample of preschool children to examine typical emotion recognition skills in children of this age, as well as the independent and interactive effects of maternal and paternal depression and negative parenting (i.e., hostility and intrusiveness). Results indicated that children were most accurate at identifying happy emotional expressions. The lowest accuracy was observed for neutral expressions. A significant interaction was found between maternal depression and negative parenting behavior: children with a maternal history of depression were particularly sensitive to the negative effects of maladaptive parenting behavior on emotion recognition ability. No significant effects were found for paternal depression. These results highlight the importance of examining the effects of multiple interacting factors on children's emotional development and provide suggestions for identifying children for targeted preventive interventions.
Gold Nanoparticle Uptake in Whole Cells in Liquid Examined by Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Peckys Diana B. , de Jonge Niels 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe size of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can influence various aspects of their cellular uptake. Light microscopy is not capable of resolving most AuNPs, while electron microscopy (EM) is not practically capable of acquiring the necessary statistical data from many cells and the results may suffer from various artifacts. Here, we demonstrate the use of a fast EM method for obtaining high-resolution data from a much larger population of cells than is usually feasible with conventional EM. A549 (human lung carcinoma) cells were subjected to uptake protocols with 10, 15, or 30 nm diameter AuNPs with adsorbed serum proteins. After 20 min, 24 h, or 45 h, the cells were fixed and imaged in whole in a thin layer of liquid water with environmental scanning electron microscopy equipped with a scanning transmission electron microscopy detector. The fast preparation and imaging of 145 whole cells in liquid allowed collection of nanoscale data within an exceptionally small amount of time of ~80 h. Analysis of 1,041 AuNP-filled vesicles showed that the long-term AuNP storing lysosomes increased their average size by 80 nm when AuNPs with 30 nm diameter were uptaken, compared to lysosomes of cells incubated with AuNPs of 10 and 15 nm diameter.