bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous genomic architecture of skeletal armour traits in sticklebacks
Authors: Yi Xueling , Kemppainen Petri , Reid Kerry , Chen Ying , Rastas Pasi , Fraimout Antoine , Merilä Juha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Whether populations adapt to similar selection pressures using the same underlying genetic variants depends on population history and the distribution of standing genetic variation at the metapopulation level. Studies of sticklebacks provide a case in point: when colonizing and adapting to freshwater habitats, three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) with high gene flow tend to fix the same adaptive alleles in the same major loci, whereas nine-spined sticklebacks (Pungitius pungitius) with limited gene flow tend to utilize a more heterogeneous set of loci. In accordance with this, we report results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses using a backcross design showing that lateral plate number variation in the western European nine-spined sticklebacks mapped to 3 moderate-effect QTL, contrary to the major-effect QTL in three-spined sticklebacks and different from the 4 QTL previously identified in the eastern European nine-spined sticklebacks. Furthermore, several QTL were identified associated with variation in lateral plate size, and 3 moderate-effect QTL with body size. Together, these findings indicate more heterogenous and polygenic genetic underpinnings of skeletal armour variation in nine-spined than three-spined sticklebacks, indicating limited genetic parallelism underlying armour trait evolution in the family Gasterostidae.
In their own words: advice from parents of children with cancer
Authors: Davies Jenny , O’Connor Moira , Halkett Georgia K B , Kelada Lauren , Gottardo Nicholas G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Approximately 770 children are diagnosed with cancer in Australia every year. Research has explored their experiences and developed recommendations for improving support provided to families. These have included the provision of psychology services, improved communication between healthcare professionals and parents, and increased information for families.

Methodology
In our hermeneutic phenomenological study, 44 participants (21 fathers and 23 mothers), with ages ranging from 28 to 51 years (M = 37 years, SD = 5.6 years) were interviewed. Interviews ranged from 45 to 150 min (M = 65 min, SD = 18 min) duration.

Findings
Thematic analysis of the data generated seven themes. Take it second by second; Find some normality; Take care of yourself; You need to talk to someone; Just take all the help; Speaking up for your child; and Take care of the siblings.

Conclusion
The results of our study provide firsthand advice from parents. The overwhelming theme that emerged is that while many parents revealed that they had not asked for or received support, in hindsight they unanimously reflected that they wished they had sought out services. The strength of this study is that parents are more likely to accept the advice of other parents with a shared lived experience. The results of our study can be used to develop resources that could be provided to parents. These resources would emphasize that the recommendations come from parents who have traveled the same path and have learnt from hindsight and experience.
Predictors of fatal officer-involved shootings from eight municipal police agencies in the USA (2015–22)
Authors: Perez Nicholas M , Lauritsen James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the USA, fatal officer-involved shootings (OIS) persist as a topic of nationwide concern. Still, due to a lack of reliable, public OIS data, research examining the predictors of these incidents is limited. The current project utilizes OIS data submitted to the Police Data Initiative (PDI) from eight large, municipal police agencies in the USA to assess trends and characteristics of OIS (fatal and nonfatal) occurring between 2015 and 2022. Using a logistic regression model, this analysis explores officer characteristics, civilian characteristics, and situational characteristics as predictors of the lethality of OIS incidents within these eight US jurisdictions. Results suggest three characteristics were significant predictors of fatal OIS, including the number of officers involved in the OIS, the officer’s years of experience, and the civilian’s age. Based on these findings, evidence-based strategies for fatal OIS prevention, critical incident response, and OIS data availability are discussed and future directions for research are explored.
Exploring the interplay between social distancing, innovation adoption, and privacy concerns amid the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Kim Keungoui , Maliphol Sira , Shim Dongnyok , Lee Changjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Using the case of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) as a natural experiment, this study discusses how innovation policy should be designed in times of crisis when public interest and privacy concerns collide. For this purpose, the causal relationship between social distancing enforcement and innovation adoption in consideration of privacy concerns is explored by using national-level survey data. Our key findings from econometric analysis are as follows: first, the implementation of social distancing policies leads to an increase in the adoption of wearable devices. Second, the strengthening of social distancing has caused a decrease in individual privacy concerns. Finally, a decrease in individual privacy concerns leads to an increase in wearable device adoption. Social distancing during the COVID-19 not only accelerated innovation adoption but also led a decrease in privacy concerns. Our results suggest that government should play a role in safe guarding public privacy when individuals may let their guard down during times of crises.
Infections following rattlesnake envenomation and use of antibiotics
Authors: Klotz Stephen A , Smelski Geoffrey T , Watkins Sarah A , Shirazi F Mazda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
There are 7000–8000 venomous snake bites annually in the USA. Antibiotics are commonly administered to bite victims because infection is difficult to differentiate from local tissue injury following envenomation.

Methods
The Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center (APDIC) in Tucson oversees antivenom administration for 14 Arizona counties. Records (1999–2021) were searched for antibiotic use and confirmed infections after a rattlesnake bite.

Results
There were 4160 calls to APDIC regarding rattlesnakes. After excluding bites to animals, ‘dry bites’, prisoners and records with missing data, 2059 records were evaluated. Systemic antibiotics were administered to 206 patients (10% of bite victims). Twenty patients (0.97%) had confirmed infections, including cellulitis (n=10), fasciitis (n=4), abscess (n=3) and osteomyelitis (n=3). Five of the victims had positive blood cultures. The presence of tissue necrosis, leukocytosis, fever and elevated fibrinogen levels did not discriminate between toxic effects of venom and infection.

Conclusions
Confirmed infections following a rattlesnake bite are uncommon (0.97% of bites). Physicians should refrain from prescribing antibiotics, as they are not justified for most rattlesnake bite victims and the variety of pathogens encountered precludes use of any single effective antibiotic.
Critical Care Nurses’ Perspectives of Caring for Patients With Cancer
Authors: Mitchell Elizabeth , Azulay Chertok Ilana R. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Critical care nurses are expected to work with patients who present with a wide range of health problems, but may lack sufficient education, skill development, and resources needed for providing psychosocial cancer care.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of nononcologic critical care nurses’ experience working with patients and their families affected by cancer.

Method
A phenomenological qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted with 15 nononcologic critical care nurses. Colaizzi’s 7-step methodology was followed for data analysis and interpretation of findings. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim, the narrative data were analyzed and coded, and themes were identified that were confirmed by participants.

Results
Four themes emerged from the nurses’ narratives: lack of professional preparation refers to the perceived lack of education, skill development, and resources; collaboration and teamwork pertain to the importance of communication and moral support; being present expresses their perceived role in providing compassionate care; and nurtured empathy reflects the impact of cancer care on the nurses.

Discussion
The narratives provide insight into the experience and perceptions of the nononcologic critical care nurses caring for patients with cancer. Information from the themes and narratives can be used to inform the development of knowledge and skills for nononcologic nurses who provide care to patients with cancer.
Prevalence of Impostor Phenomenon Among Final-Semester Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Lindsay Julie , Cropley Stacey , Ramirez Eliamar 
Published: July 2024

Background
Impostor phenomenon (IP) is characterized as an internal sense of intellectual fraudulence and the inability to internalize success. It was identified by Clance and Imes in 1978 in a study with high-achieving women and has since been found among other professionals. Studies regarding IP are limited in nursing and among nursing students.

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of IP among senior baccalaureate nursing (BSN) students at a public central Texas university immediately prior to graduation.

Methods
Senior BSN students were given an anonymous survey utilizing the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale.

Results
Of the 86 senior BSN students, 82.5% completed the anonymous survey. Among students, 45.1% experienced moderate IP, 46.5% experienced frequent IP, and 8.5% experienced intense IP.

Conclusions
The incidence of IP was higher than expected. This study has implications for the future of nursing, including academic retention and postgraduation performance.
Lessons Learned From Ventilated and Proned Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Hlebichuk Jeanne , Buck Elissa , Brooker Angeline L. , Mackenzie Julie K. , Cleary Meagan Bayless , Singh Maharaj , Hook Mary 
Published: July 2024

Background
Many patients critically ill with COVID-19 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) necessitating mechanical ventilation and proning. Although proning is lifesaving, it has been linked to the occurrence of facial pressure injuries (PIs).

Objectives
To evaluate the incidence and use of prevention strategies and identify predictors of facial PIs in patients who received ventilator and proning treatments in COVID-designated intensive care units at 2 large quaternary medical centers in the Midwest.

Method
This was a retrospective cohort study using data extracted from an electronic health record between October 2020 and February 2022. Demographics, clinical and care variables, and PI outcomes were analyzed to identify predictors of PI using logistic and Cox regression.

Results
The cohort (N = 150) included patients from 2 units, unit a (n = 97) and unit b (n = 53) with a mean age of 60 years, with 68% identifying as male. Patients were vented for an average of 18 (SD, 16.2) days and proned for an average of 3 (SD, 2.5) days. Many (71%) died. Over half (56%) developed facial PI with a proning-exposure–adjusted incidence rate of 18.5%. Patients with PI were significantly different in several factors. Logistic regression showed predictors of PIs were duration of mechanical ventilation (in days; P = .02) and head turned (P = .01). Cox regression also identified head turn as predictive (P < .01), with Black/African American race as protective (P = .03)

Discussion
Critically ill patients with COVID-19 receiving ventilator and proning therapy developed facial PIs despite the use of recommended prevention practices. Further research on effective PI prevention strategies is needed.
Nursing Interventions and Intracranial Pressure Change in Pediatric Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mielcarek Jessica , Thompson Julie A. , Appavu Brian , Adelson P. David , Reuter-Rice Karin 
Published: July 2024

Background
Nursing interventions in the care of pediatric patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a direct effect on intracranial pressure (ICP), yet they have been largely underexplored. Early evidence is therefore needed to describe these relationships and to determine intervention that promotes neuroprotection and recovery.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine nursing interventions within the first 72 hours of pediatric severe TBI and their effects on ICP.

Method
This is a retrospective review of pediatric patients admitted for severe TBI using a quasi-experimental approach to assess nursing interventions and their association with the patients' ICP values prior to and after each intervention.

Results
Of the 56 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 3392 intervention events (range, 31-138 events per patient) were reported. Paired t tests conducted for each intervention type found a statistically significant relationship with suctioning and percent change in ICP values (P = .045). All other interventions showed no significant differences.

Discussion
Standard nursing interventions, specifically suctioning, in pediatric severe TBI may affect ICP and therefore neuroprotection. Further work is needed to better understand the role and timing of nursing interventions and their influence on cerebral hemodynamics so that future TBI guidelines consider nursing care and their impact on brain injury recovery.
Efficacy of a Standardized Process in Optimizing Appropriate Use of Progressive Care Unit Beds in a Tertiary Care Facility
Authors: Stempek Susan B. , Rosenblatt Michael S. , Repenning Nelson , Sterman John , Morrissette Janice R. , Flanagan Susan E. , Sallese Lindsey , Lei Yuxiu , Liesching Timothy N. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Poor patient progression from the progressive care unit (PCU) beds has been recognized as a bottleneck, limiting the hospital's ability to optimize capacity for the sickest patients. Improving nurse management on PCU admission and discharge criteria could avoid PCU bottlenecks.

Local Problem
Our institution lacked a standard process to identify clinically appropriate patients ready for transfer out of the PCU, causing delays in vacating PCU beds.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine if creating a standard process to empower bedside nurses and unit nursing leaders to push readiness information to the provider team improves the appropriateness of PCU stay and transfers patients out of the PCU earlier.

Methods
The most common causes of delayed transfer out of the PCU were discussed among stakeholders. A process was designed to empower the bedside nurses to partner with a physician leader to send information to the provider team requesting evaluation of the patient's readiness to leave the unit. The improvement of meeting the criteria for PCU was evaluated by comparing 60 patients prior to the intervention phase with 139 patients during the intervention.

Results
The primary outcome, percentage of patients meeting PCU criteria, was 53% during the audit phase and 68% during the intervention phase (P = .05). The PCU transfer time was pushed 1 hour earlier in the day.

Conclusions
The standard process of empowering bedside nurses to partner with physician leaders to push readiness for transferring patients out of the PCU resulted in a significant improvement in the percentage of patients meeting PCU criteria and earlier discharge of appropriate patients.
End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Measurement in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest as a Predictor of Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Authors: Bruni Andrea , Fagorzi Alessandro , Mirri Stefania , Machetti Marta , Trapassi Stefano , Rosati Moris , D'Ambrosio Francesco , Laprocina Matteo , Righi Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
One of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Early defibrillation and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have improved survival. The main goal of CPR is to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), which is assessed by looking for a pulse, analyzing the heart rhythm, and assessing carbon dioxide levels. The use of cartography during CPR to confirm the correct position of the endotracheal tube during intubation or to assess the effectiveness of chest compressions has increased significantly in the last years. The aim of this review was to identify correlations between end-tidal carbon dioxide levels and the likelihood of ROSC in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Methods
A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (via Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from September to November 2022. Keywords combined with the Boolean operators (AND/OR) were used in both free text and Medical Subject Headings. Studies on adult patients published between 01/01/2016 and 28/09/2022 were searched, with no geographical restrictions.

Results
At the end of the selection process, 14 studies were included that investigated capnography in out-of-hospital CPR and reported at least 1 outcome between end-tidal carbon dioxide and ROSC or survival.

Discussion
Capnography is an advantageous tool due to its noninvasive characteristics, ease of use, and immediacy of data. In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the use of the end-tidal carbon dioxide appears to be an appropriate complementary tool to support clinical decisions, such as correct positioning of the endotracheal tube, optimizing ventilation in CPR, and as a predictor of ROSC.
Effect of digital cataract workflow on time and resource efficiencies in cataract surgery: time and motion study
Authors: Shetty Naren , Saxena Aishwarya , Singh Vivek M. , Fernandes Merle , Garg Prashant , Venkiteshwar Manoj 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To compare time and resource saving with integration of digital cataract workflow to the existing workflow in high-volume cataract surgery clinics.

Setting:
L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India (site 1), and Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru, India (site 2).

Design:
Prospective, time and motion.

Methods:
The total time to complete each step (preoperative measurements, surgical planning, and surgical procedures) of the cataract workflow, number of data fields entered, and support staff required for both workflows were recorded. All study measurements were determined first for existing electronic medical record (EMR) cataract workflow followed by digital workflow (integrated data management system with data reviewer, surgical planner, and data transfer to operating room) at both sites.

Results:
A total of 85 (site 1, 44; site 2, 41) cataract workflows were analyzed. The integration of digital workflow into the site's existing EMR workflow reduced the mean time for preoperative measurements by 25.3% (P = .006), surgical planning by 55.1% (P = .008), and surgical procedures by 22.6% (P = .002). The mean ± SD overall time for the surgery was significantly shorter in the digital group (887.3 ± 103.3 vs 1271.3 ± 300.7 seconds; P < .0001). For both sites, the number of data fields recorded and number of support staff needed were significantly lesser for the digital workflow (P < .0001, for both).

Conclusions:
Integration of digital workflow significantly reduced the overall cataract surgery time, variability of overall time, number of data fields recorded, and resource utilization. Complete digitalization has important implications for improving the efficiency and standardization of cataract surgery workflow.
A Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Barriers and Facilitators of Breastfeeding in Women on Opioid Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Doerzbacher Margaret , Sperlich Mickey , Hequembourg Amy , Chang Yu-Ping 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To understand how barriers and facilitators interact over time to support or disrupt breastfeeding among women on opioid maintenance therapy for opioid use disorder.

Background:
Breastfeeding has additional benefits for newborns with prenatal opioid exposure. Up to 80% of women on opioid maintenance therapy plan to breastfeed, but many do not beyond the first 7 to 10 days.

Methods:
A qualitative, longitudinal design was used. Semi-structured interviews occurred during the third trimester of pregnancy and again between 1 and 6 weeks postpartum. Thematic analysis was conducted using the Breastfeeding in a Life Course Context model as a framework. The design and methods were informed by a post-positivist, critical realist perspective.

Results:
Thirteen participants were enrolled, and 19 interviews were completed. Five themes were identified. It Will Work Out was the primary theme that describes participants’ sense of self-efficacy, stemming from their experiences of managing addiction recovery. Women considered breastfeeding to support their own health and that of their newborn while in recovery, summarized by Being Healthy. Making the choice to breastfeed, represented by Weighing the Options, was influenced by their perinatal health care providers. During the Sensitive Period, challenges could overwhelm their self-efficacy. Of 9 women, 4 were still breastfeeding when interviewed postpartum, exemplified by Moving On.

Conclusions and Implications for Practice:
Participants’ self-efficacy and motivation to be healthy played a significant role in managing breastfeeding challenges over time. Nursing interventions must empower women’s self-efficacy to help them achieve their breastfeeding goals.
Allergic contact dermatitis of the scalp: a review of an underdiagnosed entity
Authors: Hwang Jonathan C. , Beatty Colleen J. , Khobzei Kuzma , Kazlouskaya Viktoryia 
Published: July 2024

Background:
It is hypothesized that scalp allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in women is commonly mistaken for other disorders due to overlapping symptoms and unique clinical presentations.

Objective:
This study reviews the potential underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of scalp ACD and explores ways to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Methods:
This study conducted an extensive literature review to identify diagnostic challenges, common misdiagnoses, and diagnostic approaches for scalp ACD, focusing on standard versus targeted patch testing techniques.

Results:
Scalp ACD, often misdiagnosed as seborrheic dermatitis due to similar symptoms, has atypical presentations such as hair thinning, hair loss, and erythematous lesions affecting neighboring regions. Trichoscopy can help distinguish scalp ACD, identifying its patchy distribution of thin white scales, in contrast to the yellow scaling of seborrheic dermatitis. Standardized patch testing further contributes to diagnostic errors, with a study reporting 83% of patients who tested negative with standardized patch tests were positive when using their personal products. Individualized patch testing is more effective in identifying causative allergens and accurately diagnosing scalp ACD.

Limitations:
It is a retrospective review.

Conclusion:
Several factors contribute to scalp ACD’s misdiagnosis for conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis. The significant discrepancy in ACD detection rates between personalized and standardized patch tests in women emphasizes the importance of using patient-specific products in diagnostic testing. Incorporating scalp ACD more readily into one’s differential, employing individualized patch testing with trichoscopy, and accounting for neighboring symptomatic areas are all crucial elements in improving diagnostic accuracy for scalp ACD in women.