bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle microvascular blood flow responses in insulin resistance and ageing
Authors: Keske Michelle A. , Premilovac Dino , Bradley Eloise A. , Dwyer Renee M. , Richards Stephen M. , Rattigan Stephen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInsulin resistance plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is the major storage site for glucose following a meal and as such has a key role in maintenance of blood glucose concentrations. Insulin resistance is characterised by impaired insulin‐mediated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. Multiple mechanisms can contribute to development of muscle insulin resistance and our research has demonstrated an important role for loss of microvascular function within skeletal muscle. We have shown that insulin can enhance blood flow to the microvasculature in muscle thus improving the access of glucose and insulin to the myocytes to augment glucose disposal. Obesity, insulin resistance and ageing are all associated with impaired microvascular responses to insulin in skeletal muscle. Impairments in insulin‐mediated microvascular perfusion in muscle can directly cause insulin resistance, and this event can occur early in the aetiology of this condition. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the loss of microvascular function in muscle has the potential to identify novel treatment strategies to prevent or delay progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Molecular Characterization of the Full Muscovy Duck Parvovirus, Isolated in Guangxi, China
Authors: Zhao Hong , Xie Zhixun , Xie Liji , Deng Xianwen , Xie Zhiqin , Luo Sisi , Huang Li , Huang Jiaoling , Zeng Tingting 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
We report the complete genomic sequence of the full Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) strain, designated GX2011-5, isolated from a Muscovy duck in Guangxi Province, China. The complete genomic sequence was 5,132 bp in length and contained two major open reading frames encoding a 1,844-nucleotide (nt) nonstructural protein and a 2,199-nt capsid protein. Comparison of the complete sequence of GX2011-5 with other published sequences of Muscovy duck parvovirus revealed that this strain exhibited 90.4% to 95.1% sequence homology. This report will advance our understanding of the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of MDPV in the Muscovy duck population in Guangxi, China.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. Strain PLSV, an Ulvan-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Kopel Moran , Helbert William , Henrissat Bernard , Doniger Tirza , Banin Ehud 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome sequence of
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. strain PLSV, isolated from the feces of an
Aplysia
sea slug. The addition of the PLSV genome to the existing genomes of three other ulvan-degrading bacterial species will enhance our understanding of ulvan utilization.
Complete Genome Sequence of Nervous Necrosis Virus Isolated from Sevenband Grouper (
Epinephelus septemfasciatus
) in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong-Oh , Kim Wi-Sik , Cho Jae-Kwon , Kim Kyong-Min , Son Maeng-Hyun , Oh Myung-Joo 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) SGYeosu08, isolated from sevenband grouper (
Epinephelus septemfasciatus
) in Yeosu, South Korea, was cloned and analyzed. The full-length RNA1 was a 3,103-nucleotide-encoding region of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and the RNA2 encoding a coat protein was 1,433 nucleotides in length. This genome sequence might be useful in the development of an accurate diagnostic tool.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Betaproteobacterial Endosymbiont Associated with the Fungus
Mortierella elongata
FMR23-6
Authors: Fujimura Reiko , Nishimura Ayumu , Ohshima Shoko , Sato Yoshinori , Nishizawa Tomoyasu , Oshima Kenshiro , Hattori Masahira , Narisawa Kazuhiko , Ohta Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

The fungus
Mortierella elongata
FMR23-6 harbors an endobacterium inside its mycelium. Attempts to isolate the endobacterium from the fungus were not yet successful, but a highly purified bacterial fraction was prepared. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the endobacterium.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bivalent Clostridium botulinum Strain IBCA10-7060, Encoding Botulinum Neurotoxin B and a New FA Mosaic Type
Authors: Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Thirunavukkarasu Nagarajan , Singh Ajay , Toro Magaly , Brown Eric W. , Zink Donald , Rummel Andreas , Sharma Shashi K. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report the genome sequence of a
Clostridium botulinum
strain IBCA10-7060 producing botulinum neurotoxin serotype B and a new toxin serotype. Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that this strain belongs to a new sequence type, and whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that this strain clustered with strains in lineage 2 from group I.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pluralibacter gergoviae FB2, an
N
-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Degrading Strain Isolated from Packed Fish Paste
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Tee Kok Keng , Yin Wai-Fong , Tan Jia-Yi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Pluralibacter gergoviae
FB2, a bacterial strain isolated from packed food, has been found to exhibit quorum-quenching properties. Hence, we report the first, complete genome of
P. gergoviae
sequenced using the Pacific Biosciences single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) platform.
Full Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Human G9P[4] Rotavirus Strain
Authors: Lewis Jamie , Roy Sunando , Esona Mathew D. , Mijatovic-Rustempasic Slavica , Hardy Christine , Wang Yuhuan , Cortese Margaret , Bowen Michael D. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
This is a report of the complete genomic sequence of a reassortant rotavirus group A G9-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E6-H2 strain designated RVA/Human-wt/USA/ LB1562/2010/G9P[4].
Draft Genome Sequences of Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Isolated from Nile Tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) Farms in Thailand
Authors: Kayansamruaj Pattanapon , Pirarat Nopadon , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo , Rodkhum Channarong 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

During 2009–2011, two clinical and one environmental strains of
Streptococcus agalactiae
were isolated from Nile tilapia (
Oreochromis niloticus
) farms in Thailand. Draft genome sequences of two clinical isolates comprise 2,048,343 and 2,105,006 bp, while environmental isolates comprise 2,097,115 bp, having 1,573 to 1,578 coding sequences, respectively.
Feasibility of overnight closed-loop therapy in young children with type 1 diabetes aged 3–6 years: comparison between diluted and standard insulin strength
Authors: Elleri Daniela , Allen Janet M , Tauschmann Martin , El-Khairi Ranna , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Acerini Carlo L , Dunger David B , Hovorka Roman 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo assess feasibility of overnight closed-loop therapy in young children with type 1 diabetes and contrast closed loop using diluted versus standard insulin strength.Research design and methodsEleven children (male 6; age range 3.75–6.96 years; glycated hemoglobin 60 (14) mmol/mol; body mass index SD score 1.0 (0.8); diabetes duration 2.2 (1.0) years, mean (SD); total daily dose 12.9 (10.6, 16.5) IU/day, median (IQR)) were studied at a clinical research facility on two occasions. In random order, participants received closed loop with diluted insulin aspart (CL_Dil; 20 IU/mL) or closed loop with standard aspart (CL_Std; 100 IU/mL) from 17:00 until 8:00 the following morning. Children consumed an evening meal at 17:00 (44 (12) gCHO) and an optional bedtime snack (6 (7) gCHO) identical on both occasions. Meal insulin boluses were calculated by standard pump bolus calculators. Basal rates on insulin pump were adjusted every 15 min as directed by a model-predictive-control algorithm informed by a real-time glucose sensor values.ResultsMean plasma glucose was 122 (24) mg/dL during CL_Dil vs 122 (23) mg/dL during CL_Std (p=0.993). The time spent in the target glucose range 70–145 mg/dL was 83 (70, 100)% vs 72 (54, 81)% (p=0.328). Time above 145 mg/dL was 13 (0, 27)% vs 19 (10, 45)% (p=0.477) and time spent below 70 mg/dL was 0.0 (0.0, 1.4)% vs 1.4 (0.0, 11.6)% (p=0.161). One asymptomatic hypoglycemia below 63 mg/dL occurred in one participant during CL_Dil versus six episodes in five participants during CL_Std (p=0.09). Glucose variability measured by CV of plasma glucose tended to be reduced during CL_Dil (20% (13, 31) vs 32% (24, 42), p=0.075).ConclusionsIn this feasibility study, closed-loop therapy maintained good overnight glucose control with tendency towards reduced hypoglycemia and reduced glucose variability using diluted insulin.Trial registration numberclinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01557634.
Prediabetes, elevated iron and all-cause mortality: a cohort study
Authors: Mainous Arch G , Tanner Rebecca J , Coates Thomas D , Baker Richard 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesData have indicated low to non-existent increased mortality risk for individuals with prediabetes, but it is unclear if the risk is increased when the patient has elevated iron markers. Our purpose was to examine the mortality risk among adults with prediabetes in the context of coexisting elevated transferrin saturation (TS) or serum ferritin.SettingData collected by the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994 (NHANES III) in the USA and by the National Center for Health Statistics for the National Death Index from 1988 to 2006.ParticipantsIndividuals age 40 and older who participated in the NHANES and provided a blood sample.Primary outcome variableMortality was measured as all-cause mortality.ResultsAdjusted analyses show that prediabetes has a small increased mortality risk (HR=1.04; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.08). Persons who had prediabetes and elevated serum ferritin had an increased HR for death (HR=1.14; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.24) compared with those who had normal ferritin and normal glucose. Among persons with prediabetes who had elevated TS, they had an increased mortality risk (HR=1.88; 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30) compared with those with normal TS levels and normal glucose.ConclusionsThe mortality risk of prediabetes is low. However, among individuals who have coexisting elevated iron markers, particularly TS, the risk rises substantially.
Stem Cells Increase in Numbers in Perinecrotic Areas in Human Renal Cancer
Authors: Varna Mariana , Gapihan Guillaume , Feugeas Jean-Paul , Ratajczak Philippe , Tan Sophie , Ferreira Irmine , Leboeuf Christophe , Setterblad Niclas , Duval Arnaud , Verine Jérôme , Germain Stéphane , Mongiat-Artus Pierre , Janin Anne , Bousquet Guilhem 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Developing strategies to overcome resistance to sunitinib is a major challenge in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We hypothesized that sunitinib-induced tumor necrosis–associated hypoxia could interact with renal cancer stem cells in patients with metastatic RCC.
Experimental Design: We studied tissue samples from 7 patients with primary metastatic RCC, before and after sunitinib treatment, and from six xenograft models derived from human RCC. Two xenograft models were responders to sunitinib, the four others were nonresponders. CD133/CXCR4–coexpressing cells derived from the two responder xenograft models were used for in vitro studies.
Results: In the seven primary RCCs, we identified a significantly larger number of CD133/CXCR4–coexpressing cells in perinecrotic versus perivascular areas. Their numbers also significantly increased after treatment, in perinecrotic areas. We reproduced these clinical and pathologic results in all six RCC xenograft models with again a preferential perinecrotic distribution of CD133-expressing cells. Necrosis occurred at day 7 in the two responder models treated with sunitinib, whereas it occurred at day 21 in the untreated controls and in the four nonresponder models. Strikingly, when we studied the six RCC xenograft models at the time necrosis, whether spontaneous or sunitinib-induced, occurred, necrosis area correlated with stem-cell number in all 120 xenografted RCCs. When studied under experimental hypoxia, the number of CD133/CXCR4–coexpressing cells and their tumorigenic potency increased whereas their sensitivity to sunitinib decreased.
Conclusions: In human RCC, sunitinib was able to generate resistance to its own therapeutic effect via induced hypoxia in perinecrotic areas where cancer stem cells were found in increased numbers. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 916–24. ©2014 AACR.
Standardized Ki67 Diagnostics Using Automated Scoring—Clinical Validation in the GeparTrio Breast Cancer Study
Authors: Klauschen Frederick , Wienert Stephan , Schmitt Wolfgang D. , Loibl Sibylle , Gerber Bernd , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Huober Jens , Rüdiger Thomas , Erbstößer Erhard , Mehta Keyur , Lederer Bianca , Dietel Manfred , Denkert Carsten , von Minckwitz Gunter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Scoring proliferation through Ki67 immunohistochemistry is an important component in predicting therapy response to chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. However, recent studies have cast doubt on the reliability of “visual” Ki67 scoring in the multicenter setting, particularly in the lower, yet clinically important, proliferation range. Therefore, an accurate and standardized Ki67 scoring is pivotal both in routine diagnostics and larger multicenter studies.
Experimental Design: We validated a novel fully automated Ki67 scoring approach that relies on only minimal a priori knowledge on cell properties and requires no training data for calibration. We applied our approach to 1,082 breast cancer samples from the neoadjuvant GeparTrio trial and compared the performance of automated and manual Ki67 scoring.
Results: The three groups of autoKi67 as defined by low (≤15%), medium (15.1%–35%), and high (&gt;35%) automated scores showed pCR rates of 5.8%, 16.9%, and 29.5%, respectively. AutoKi67 was significantly linked to prognosis with overall and progression-free survival P values POS &lt; 0.0001 and PPFS &lt; 0.0002, compared with POS &lt; 0.0005 and PPFS &lt; 0.0001 for manual Ki67 scoring. Moreover, automated Ki67 scoring was an independent prognosticator in the multivariate analysis with POS = 0.002, PPFS = 0.009 (autoKi67) versus POS = 0.007, PPFS = 0.004 (manual Ki67).
Conclusions: The computer-assisted Ki67 scoring approach presented here offers a standardized means of tumor cell proliferation assessment in breast cancer that correlated with clinical endpoints and is deployable in routine diagnostics. It may thus help to solve recently reported reliability concerns in Ki67 diagnostics. Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3651–7. ©2014 AACR.
Enhanced Skeletal Muscle Expression of Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Mitigates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Cell Signaling
Authors: Call Jarrod A. , Chain Kristopher H. , Martin Kyle S. , Lira Vitor A. , Okutsu Mitsuharu , Zhang Mei , Yan Zhen 
Published: December 2014

Background—
Exercise training enhances extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle and elicits positive health outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The goal of this study was to determine if enhanced skeletal muscle expression of EcSOD is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—
Exercise training promotes EcSOD expression in skeletal muscle and provides protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, it is not known if enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle plays a functional role in this protection. Here, we show that skeletal muscle–specific EcSOD transgenic mice are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction under the condition of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin injection. We also show that both exercise training and muscle-specific transgenic expression of EcSOD result in elevated EcSOD protein in the blood and heart without increased transcription in the heart, suggesting that enhanced expression of EcSOD from skeletal muscle redistributes to the heart. Importantly, cardiac tissue in transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type mice under the same diabetic condition.

Conclusions—
Enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy through attenuation of oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammation, suggesting a cross-organ mechanism by which exercise training improves cardiac function in diabetes mellitus.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Item Profiles as Predictor of Patient Outcome
Authors: Abdul-Rahim Azmil H. , Fulton Rachael L. , Sucharew Heidi , Kleindorfer Dawn , Khatri Pooja , Broderick Joseph P. , Lees Kennedy R. ,   VISTA Collaborators, Alexandrov A. , Bath P.M. , Bluhmki E. , Bornstein N. , Claesson L. , Curram J. , Davis S.M. , Donnan G. , Diener H.C. , Fisher M. , Ginsberg M. , Gregson B. , Grotta J. , Hacke W. , Hennerici M.G. , Hommel M. , Kaste M. , Lyden P. , Marler J. , Muir K. , Sacco R. , Shuaib A. , Teal P. , Wahlgren N.G. , Warach S. , Weimar C. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) item profiles that were recently proposed may prove useful both clinically and for research studies. We aimed to validate the NIHSS item profiles in an acute cohort.

Methods—

We conducted a retrospective analysis on pooled data from randomized clinical trials. We applied the latent class analysis probabilities of profile membership developed from the derivation study to obtain symptom grouping,
a
-NIHSS item profiles. We implemented an independent latent class analysis to derive secondary symptom grouping,
b
-NIHSS item profiles. Validation was performed by assessing the associations with outcomes and evaluating both sets of NIHSS item profiles’ discrimination and calibration to the data. The outcomes evaluated included modified Rankin Scale (mRS; using the full distribution and dichotomized, mRS, 0–1) at day 90 and mortality by 90 days.

Results—

We identified 10 271 patients. Ordinal analysis of mRS confirmed increased odds of better outcome across the profiles in a stepwise manner, adjusted for age and thrombolysis treatment, for each set of NIHSS item profiles. Similar patterns were observed for mRS 0 to 1, and inverse patterns were seen for mortality. The
c
-statistics of
a
-NIHSS and
b
-NIHSS item profiles for mRS 0 to 1 were similar at 0.71 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.72) and for mortality, 0.74 (0.73–0.75) and 0.75 (0.73–0.76), respectively. Calibration was good.

Conclusions—
These NIHSS item profiles identified using latent class analysis offer a reliable approach to capture the true response patterns that are associated with functional and outcome and mortality post stroke. This approach has the potential to enhance the clinical value of the overall NIHSS score.
Does Respiratory Muscle Training Improve Cough Flow in Acute Stroke? Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kulnik Stefan Tino , Birring Surinder Singh , Moxham John , Rafferty Gerrard Francis , Kalra Lalit 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Cough protects the lungs from aspiration. We investigated whether respiratory muscle training may improve respiratory muscle and cough function, and potentially reduce pneumonia risk in acute stroke.

Methods—
We conducted a single-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial in 82 patients with stroke (mean age, 64±14 years; 49 men) within 2 weeks of stroke onset. Participants were masked to treatment allocation and randomized to 4 weeks of daily expiratory (n=27), inspiratory (n=26), or sham training (n=25), using threshold resistance devices. Primary outcome was the change in peak expiratory cough flow of maximal voluntary cough. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted using ANCOVA, adjusting for baseline prognostic covariates.

Results—

There were significant improvements in the mean maximal inspiratory (14 cmH
2
O;
P
<0.0001) and expiratory (15 cmH
2
O;
P
<0.0001) mouth pressure and peak expiratory cough flow of voluntary cough (74 L/min;
P
=0.0002) between baseline and 28 days in all groups. Peak expiratory cough flow of capsaicin-induced reflex cough was unchanged. There were no between-group differences that could be attributed to respiratory muscle training. There were also no differences in the 90-day incidence of pneumonia between the groups (
P
=0.65).

Conclusions—
Respiratory muscle function and cough flow improve with time after acute stroke. Additional inspiratory or expiratory respiratory muscle training does not augment or expedite this improvement.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.controlled-trials.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN40298220.
Changes of pH and Energy State in Subacute Human Ischemia Assessed by Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Zöllner Johann Philipp , Hattingen Elke , Singer Oliver C. , Pilatus Ulrich 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
In vivo changes in tissue pH and energy metabolism are key to understanding stroke pathophysiology. Our goal was to study pH changes in subacute ischemic stroke and their relation to energy metabolism, which, unlike acidosis in acute stroke, are not yet well understood.

Methods—

We measured tissue pH and phospholipid as well as cell energy markers, including creatine, phosphocreatine, and
N
-acetyl-aspartate in subacute stroke with combined
1
H and
31
P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We included 19 patients with first-ever ischemic stroke (mean time after stroke, 6 days). We then compared metabolite concentrations in the ischemic tissue to contralateral (healthy) tissue using multivariate ANOVA to assess significant differences in metabolite levels between both tissue compartments.

Results—

In subacute stroke, a tissue fraction with significantly increased tissue pH was observed as compared with healthy contralateral tissue (pH, 7.09 versus 7.03;
P
=0.002) concurrent with splitting of the pH signal with 1 peak being more alkalotic. Furthermore, only a moderate decrease of energy-rich metabolites (phosphocreatine reduced by 17%, ATP reduced by 19%) was present, whereas total creatine was reduced by 51%.

Conclusions—
The finding of an alkalotic pH split in subacute ischemia is unprecedented. The pH split and only incomplete energy loss in subacute stroke suggest 2 differently viable cellular moieties, best explained by active compensatory mechanisms after acute cerebral ischemia.
Predicting the June 2013 European Flooding Based on Precipitation, Soil Moisture, and Sea Level Pressure
Authors: Ionita M. , Dima M. , Lohmann G. , Scholz P. , Rimbu N. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Over recent decades Europe has experienced heavy floods, with major consequences for thousands of people and billions of euros worth of damage. In particular, the summer of 2013 flood in central Europe showed how vulnerable modern society is to hydrological extremes and emphasized once more the need for improved forecast methods of such extreme climatic events. Based on a multiple linear regression model, it is shown here that 55% of the June 2013 Elbe River extreme discharge could have been predicted using May precipitation, soil moisture, and sea level pressure. Moreover, the model was able to predict more than 75% of the total Elbe River discharge for June 2013 (in terms of magnitude) by also incorporating the amount of precipitation recorded during the days prior to the flood, but the predicted discharge for the June 2013 event was still underestimated by 25%. Given that all predictors used in the model are available at the end of each month, the forecast scheme can be used to predict extreme events and to provide early warnings for upcoming floods. The forecast methodology could be relevant for other rivers also, depending on their location and their climatic background.