bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemodiversity of Exudate Flavonoids in Seven Tribes of Cichorioideae and Asteroideae (Asteraceae)
Authors: Valant-Vetschera Karin M. , Wollenweber Eckhard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Members of several genera of Asteraceae, belonging to the tribes Mutisieae, Cardueae, Lactuceae (all subfamily Cichorioideae), and of Astereae, Senecioneae, Helenieae and Heliantheae (all subfamily Asteroideae) have been analyzed for chemodiversity of their exudate flavonoid profiles. The majority of structures found were flavones and flavonols, sometimes with 6- and/or 8-substitution, and with a varying degree of oxidation and methylation. Flavanones were observed in exudates of some genera, and, in some cases, also flavonol- and flavone glycosides were detected. This was mostly the case when exudates were poor both in yield and chemical complexity. Structurally diverse profiles are found particularly within Astereae and Heliantheae. The tribes in the subfamily Cichorioideae exhibited less complex flavonoid profiles. Current results are compared to literature data, and botanical information is included on the studied taxa.
Red Mexican Grapefruit: A Novel Source for Bioactive Limonoids and their Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Mandadi Kranthi K. , Jayaprakasha Guddadarangavvanahally K. , Bhat Narayan G. , Patil Bhimanagouda S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Citrus limonoids have shown to inhibit the growth of cancer in colon, lung, mouth, stomach and breast in animal and cell culture studies. For the first time in the present study, an attempt has been made to isolate antioxidant fractions and five limonoids from red Mexican grapefruit seeds. Defatted seed powder was successively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), acetone, methanol (MeOH) and MeOH/water and the extracts were concentrated under vacuum. Radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and total phenolic content were also measured for comparison with the antioxidant capacity in the phosphomolybdenum method for the above extracts. Acetone and MeOH extracts, respectively, showed the highest (85.7%) and lowest (53.3%) radical scavenging activity, at 500 ppm. The total phenolic contents were found to be highest in the acetone extract (15.94%) followed by the MeOH extract (5.92%), ethyl acetate extract (5.54%) and water extract (5.26%). Antioxidant capacity of the extracts as equivalents to ascorbic acid (μmol/g of the extract) was in the order, EtOAc extract > acetone extract > water extract > methanol extract. Furthermore, the EtOAC and acetone extracts were loaded onto silica gel columns to obtain four limonoid aglycons. MeOH fraction was loaded onto a dowex-50 and sepabeads resin column to obtain a limonoid glucoside. The purity of the isolated five compounds was analyzed by HPLC using a C18 column and UV detection at 210 nm. Finally, the structures of the compounds were identified as obacunone, nomilin, limonin, deacetylnomilin (DAN) and limonin-17-β-d-glucopyranoside (LG) using 1H and 13C NMR studies.
Antiproliferative Activity of Methylated Analogues of E- and Z-Resveratrol
Authors: Cardile Venera , Chillemi Rosa , Lombardo Laura , Sciuto Sebastiano , Spatafora Carmela , Tringali Corrado 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The stilbenoids E-resveratrol (E-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene, 1), E-3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene (2), E-3,4,4′-trimethoxystilbene (3) and E-3,4′-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene (4) were converted by photoisomerization to their corresponding Z-isomers 5D8. Compounds 1D8 were subjected to antiproliferative activity bioassays towards a set of four different human cancer cell lines, namely DU-145 (androgen not responsive human prostate tumor), LNCaP (androgen responsive human prostate tumor), M-14 (human melanoma) and KB (human mouth epidermoid carcinoma). The methylated analogues of 1 are more active than the natural lead in the majority of bioassays. The most active compound was Z-3,5,4′-trimethoxystilbene (6), which showed against DU-145 and LNCaP cells GI50 values close to those of the anticancer drug vinorelbine; 6 resulted more active than its E-isomer 2 towards DU-145, LNCaP and especially KB cell lines. A number of methylated Z-isomers displayed a higher activity than their E-isomers, but E-resveratrol (1) was more active than Z-resveratrol (5) towards all the tested cell lines.
Alkaloids of Crinum x powellii “Album” (Amaryllidaceae) and their Topoisomerase Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Niño Jaime , Hincapié Gina M. , Correa Yaned M. , Mosquera Oscar M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The alkaloids lycorine, 1-O-acetyllycorine and ismine were isolated from the basic dichloromethane- soluble fraction of Crinum x powellii “Album” bulbs. The alkaloid structures were established by physical and spectroscopic analyses, including 1D NMR techniques and GCMS analysis. The three alkaloids are reported for the first time for this hybrid. Additionally, the three alkaloids isolated were tested against a mechanism-based bioassay utilizing genetically engineered mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains RAD+, RAD52Y and RS321 where lycorine was the only alkaloid that displayed moderate topoisomerase I inhibitory activity.
Effects of Salicylic Acid on Mushroom Tyrosinase and B16 Melanoma Cells
Authors: Tamura Sadaaki , Nitoda Teruhiko , Kubo Isao 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Salicylic acid slightly inhibited the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase noncompetitively without being oxidized. In contrast, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid did not inhibit this enzymatic oxidation if a longer reaction time was observed, although it suppressed the initial rate of the oxidation to a certain extent. Neither acid showed noticeable effects on cultured murine B16-F10 melanoma cells except weak cytotoxicity.
Biosorption of Binary Mixtures of Copper and Cobalt by Penicillium brevicompactum
Authors: Tsekova Kolishka , Ianis Maria , Dencheva Vera , Ganeva Sonya 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This work reports on a study of the biosorption of copper and cobalt, both singly and in combination (in equimolar concentrations), by the resting cells of Penicillium brevicompactum. Equilibrium batch sorption studies were carried out at 30 °C and pH 5.0 for a contact time of 1 hour to guarantee that equilibrium was reached. The equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption of binary mixtures of heavy metal solutions on the fungal biomass was found to be of competitive type where the adsorption capacity for any single metal decreased in the presence of the other. The cobalt ions showed a higher affinity for Penicillium brevicompactum than the copper ions.
Multiple Effects of Cadmium on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Avicennia germinans L. as Probed by OJIP Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements
Authors: Gonzalez-Mendoza Daniel , Espadas y Gil Francisco , Santamaría Jorge M. , Zapata-Perez Omar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The toxic effects of cadmium on the photosynthetic apparatus of Avicennia germinans were evaluated by means of the chlorophyll fluorescence transient O-J-I-P. The chlorophyll fluorescence transients were recorded in vivo with high time resolution and analyzed according to the OJIP-test that can quantify the performance of photosystem II. Cadmium-treated plants showed a decrease in yield for primary photochemistry, TR0/ABS. The performance index of photosystem II (PSII), PIABS, decreased due to cadmium treatment. This performance index is the combination of the indexes of three independent parameters: (1) total number of active reaction centers per absorption (RC/ABS), (2) yield of primary photochemistry (TR0/ABS), and (3) efficiency with which a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain (ET0/TR0). Additionally, the F0/Fv registered the highest sensitivity to the metal, thus indicating that the water-splitting apparatus of the oxidizing side of PSII is the primary site of action of cadmium. In summary, cadmium affects several targets of photosystem II. More specifically the main targets of cadmium, according to the OJIPtest, can be listed as a decrease in the number of active reaction centers and damage to the activity of the water-splitting complex.
Anticancer and Antioxidant Tannins from Pimenta dioica Leaves
Authors: Marzouk Mohamed S. A. , Moharram Fatma A. , Mohamed Mona A. , Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , Aboutabl Elsayed A. 
Published: February 2015

Two galloylglucosides, 6-hydroxy-eugenol 4-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside (4) and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,2-diol-2-O-(2′,6′-di-O-galloyl)-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside (7), and two C-glycosidic tannins, vascalaginone (10) and grandininol (14), together with fourteen known metabolites, gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), nilocitin (3), 1-O-galloyl-4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-d-glucopyranose (5), 4,6-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-(α/β)-d-glucopyranose (6), 3,4,6-valoneoyl-(α/β)-d-glucopyranose (8), pedunculagin (9), casuariin (11), castalagin (12), vascalagin (13), casuarinin (15), grandinin (16), methyl-flavogallonate (17) and ellagic acid (18), were identified from the leaves of Pimenta dioica (Merr.) L. (Myrtaceae) on the basis of their chemical and physicochemical analysis (UV, HRESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). It was found that 9 is the most cytotoxic compound against solid tumour cancer cells, the most potent scavenger against the artificial radical DPPH and physiological radicals including ROO•, OH•, and O2
-•, and strongly inhibited the NO generation and induced the proliferation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. On the other hand, 3 was the strongest NO inhibitor and 16 the highest stimulator for the proliferation of T-lymphocytes, while 10 was the most active inducer of macrophage proliferation
.
Essential Oil Composition of Laurus nobilis L. of Different Growth Stages Growing in Iran
Authors: Verdian-rizi Mohammadreza , Hadjiakhoondi Abbas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The chemical variations of the essential oil from the aerial parts of Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae) have been studied. Plant material has been harvested at each phenological status (vegetative, before anthesis, full flowering and seed-bearing). The oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of the air-dried samples. Analysis by GC and GC-MS of the essential oils has allowed to identify 39 compounds. The main compounds were 1,8-cineole, trans-sabinene hydrate, α-terpinyl acetate, methyl eugenol, sabinene, eugenol and α-pinene.
Antinociceptive Activity and Preliminary Structure-Activity Relationship of Chalcone-Like Compounds
Authors: Corrêa Rogério , Fenner Bruna Proiss , Buzzi Fátima de Campos , Filho Valdir Cechinel , Nunes Ricardo José 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Chalcones belong to a class of α,β unsaturated aromatic ketones which occur abundantly in nature, especially in plants. They are promising and interesting compounds due to their vast applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture and industry. Several studies have shown that these compounds exert important biological activities in different experimental models. The present work deals with the antinociceptive activity, evaluated against the writhing test, of three series of chalcone-like compounds obtained by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation, using different aldehydes and substituted acetophenones. The results reveal that the compounds synthesized show a significant antinociceptive effect compared with nonsteroidal drugs such as aspirin, paracetamol and diclofenac. They also show that the electronic demand of the substituents is the dominant factor of the biological activity.
Nematicidal Activities of Acetylene Compounds from Coreopsis lanceolata L.
Authors: Kimura Yasuo , Hiraoka Kensuke , Kawano Tsuyoshi , Fujioka Shozo , Shimada Atsumi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
1-Phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne (1), 5-phenyl-2-(1′-propynyl)-thiophene (2), and 2-(3′-acetoxy- 1′-propynyl)-5-phenylthiophene (3) were isolated from Coreopsis lanceolata L., and their structures identified by spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 showed effective nematicidal activities against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Caenorhabditis elegans, but had hardly any effect against Pratylenchus penetrans. Compound 3 did not show any effective nematicidal activity.
Fucoxanthin, Tetraprenylated Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone Metabolites from Sargassum heterophyllum Inhibit the in vitro Growth of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Afolayan Anthonia F. , Bolton John J. , Lategan Carmen A. , Smith Peter J. , Beukes Denzil R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the course of our search for antimalarial leads from marine algae, four metabolites, sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid, sargaquinal and fucoxanthin, were isolated from the South African alga Sargassum heterophyllum. Fucoxanthin and sargaquinal showed good antiplasmodial activity toward a chloroquine-sensitive strain (D10) of Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 1.5 and 2.0 μm, respectively), while sargaquinoic acid and sargahydroquinoic acid were only moderately active (IC50 12.0 and 15.2 μm, respectively).
Molecular Investigations of the Soil, Rhizosphere and Transgenic Glufosinate-Resistant Rape and Maize Plants in Combination with Herbicide (Basta®) Application under Field Conditions
Authors: Ernst Dieter , Rosenbrock-Krestel Hilkea , Kirchhof Gudrun , Bieber Evi , Giunaschwili Nathela , Müller Rüdiger , Fischbeck Gerhard , Wagner Tobias , Sandermann Heinrich , Hartmann Anton 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A field study was conducted during 1994 to 1998 on the Experimental Farm Roggenstein, near Fürstenfeldbruck, Bavaria, Germany to determine the effect of transgenic glufosinateresistant rape in combination with the herbicide Basta® [glufosinate-ammonium, phosphinothricin, ammonium (2RS)-2-amino-4-(methylphosphinato) butyric acid] application on soil microorganisms and the behaviour of the synthetic transgenic DNA in response to normal agricultural practice. No influence of Basta® on microbial biomass could be detected. The phospholipid fatty acid analysis of soil extracts showed no difference between Basta® application and mechanical weed control, whereas conventional herbicide application revealed a different pattern. Basta® application resulted in a changed population of weeds with a selective effect for Viola arvensis. During senescence, transgenic rape DNA was degraded similar to endogenous control DNA. After ploughing the chopped plant material in the soil, transgenic as well as endogenous control DNA sequences could be detected for up to 4 weeks for rape and up to 7 months for maize, whereas PCR analysis of composted transgenic maize revealed the presence of the transgene over a period of 22 months.
Charge Redistribution in Adenosylribosyl Transferase Caused by Substitution of a Single Amino Acid Residue
Authors: Gianniosis Mary , Berardi Valerio , Bonincontro Adalberto , Dabbs Eric , Risuleo Gianfranco 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Dielectric measurements in the frequency range 105-108 Hz were performed on wild-type (wt) adenosylribosyl transferase and a mutant enzyme. The analysis of the dielectric relaxation curve allowed the estimation of the hydrodynamic radius and of the electric dipole moment. The first parameter remained unchanged in wt and mutant protein. The dipole moment of the mutant, however, was significantly increased. Implications on the electrostatic interactions between enzyme and substrate are discussed.
The Patterns of Base Sequences in the Nucleic Acids of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Reflect Features of their Abiotic Past
Authors: Pontes Frederico , Rusu Victor , Neto Benício de Barros , Ferreira Ricardo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The base sequences of the nucleic acids corresponding to ten proteins (aconitase, alcohol dehydrogenase, enolase, fumarase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, pyruvate kinase and succinate dehydrogenase) belonging to a total of 154 species, ranging from prokaryotes to vertebrates, were compared with the base sequences of oligoribotides whose growth rates were calculated by a chemical kinetics model. It was shown that oligoribotides grown according to the kinetics model have a fraction of repetitive bases larger than expected from random processes. The base sequences of nucleic acids of prokaryotes and eukaryotes retain, in decreasing proportions, this feature of their abiotic past. Chemically synthesized pentameric stretches with repetitive bases are slightly more abundant than those present in prokaryotes. Genetic drift and natural selection, operating as fundamental laws even for the most primitive living systems, reduced the original, chemically controlled, repetitive base frequency in prokaryotes, which was further reduced for eukaryotes.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Plastid-Originated Proteins Imply Universal Endosymbiosis in Ancestors of Animals and Fungi
Authors: Yuan Shu , Guo Jian-Hua , Du Jun-Bo , Lin Hong-Hui 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We searched and analyzed cyanobacteria-originated metazoa/fungi proteins (COPs) by phylogenetic analyses. Analysis of them showed that for millions of years universal plastid endosymbiosis and gene transfer occurred in ancestors of metazoa/fungi, and some transferred fragments have been reserved until now even in modern mammals. Most eukaryotes contained plastids in the ancient era, and some of them lost them later. Functions of homologues in cyanobacterial genomes and eukaryotic genomes are in consensus, and most are involved in the organic compound metabolism. With emergence of organelles and subcellular structure in eukaryotic cells, the locations of these proteins diversified. Furthermore, some novel functions were endowed for COPs, especially in vertebrates.
Extraction of Two Active Polysaccharides from the Yeast Cell Wall
Authors: Huang Gang L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Yeast cell wall matrix particles are composed entirely of β-glucan and mannoprotein. Alkali-insoluble (1→3)-β-d-glucan was extracted from the yeast cell wall by an alkaline-acid method. IR spectra analysis showed that the product was chemically pure glucan, that is to say, it contained no other carbohydrates and proteins. So, the alkaline-acid method was ideal for extracting (1→3)-β- d-glucan from the yeast cell wall. We also purified and analyzed mannan oligosaccharides by the dilute alkali- Sevage method from the yeast cell wall.
Hydrocephalus and hypothalamic involvement in pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma or cysts of Rathke's pouch: impact on long-term prognosis
Authors: Daubenbüchel A M M , Hoffmann A , Gebhardt U , Warmuth-Metz M , Sterkenburg A S , Müller H L 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivePediatric patients with sellar masses such as craniopharyngioma (CP) or cyst of Rathke's pouch (CRP) frequently suffer disease- and treatment-related sequelae. We analyzed the impact and prognostic relevance of initial hydrocephalus (HY) and hypothalamic involvement (HI) on long-term survival and functional capacity (FC) in children with CP or CRP.Subjects and methodsUsing retrospective analysis of patient records, presence of initial HY or HI was assessed in 177 pediatric patients (163 CP and 14 CRP). Twenty-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), FC, and BMI were analyzed with regard to initial HY, degree of resection, or HI.ResultsOf the 177 patients, 105 patients (103/163 CP and 2/14 CRP) presented with initial HY and 96 presented with HI. HY at diagnosis was associated (P=0.000) with papilledema, neurological deficits, and higher BMI at diagnosis and during follow-up. OS, PFS, and FC were not affected by HY at initial diagnosis. HI at diagnosis (96/177) had major negative impact on long-term prognosis. Sellar masses with HI were associated with lower OS (0.84±0.04; P=0.021), lower FC (P=0.003), and higher BMI at diagnosis and last follow-up (P=0.000) when compared with sellar masses without HI (OS: 0.94±0.05). PFS was not affected by HI or degree of resection.ConclusionsInitial HY has no impact on outcome in patients with sellar masses. OS and FC are impaired in survivors presenting with initial HI. PFS is not affected by HY, HI, or degree of resection. Accordingly, gross-total resection is not recommended in sellar masses with initial HI to prevent further hypothalamic damage.
Printed organic electronic device components from edible materials
Authors: Keller Alex , Panhuis Marc in het 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe electrical and mechanical characteristics of ionic-covalent entanglement hydrogels consisting of combinations of the edible biopolymers gellan gum and gelatin were investigated. Impedance analysis and compression testing showed that these hydrogels (with water content = 97%) exhibited conductivity values of up to 13 mS/cm and compressive stress at failure values of up to 1.0 MPa. These are suitable characteristics for printed and mechanically robust wet device components.
Phase Equilibria and Oxidation Behavior of C40 Disilicides in the Nb-Cr-Si System
Authors: Sekido Nobuaki , Aizawa Ryoma , Ueno Shunkichi 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe phase equilibrium and oxidation behavior of the disilicides that form in the Nb-Cr-Si ternary system have been investigated. Although NbSi2 and CrSi2 both exhibit a C40 crystal structure, they form separate ranges of compositional homogeneity in the ternary system. Their phase boundaries at 1300 °C have been experimentally determined in this study. The binary NbSi2 exhibited poor oxidation resistance, showing pest-like behavior during oxidation at temperature above 800 °C. In contrast, the alloys containing Cr showed much better oxidation resistance up to 1200 °C.
Growth and characterization of combined single-crystalline and polycrystalline CVD diamond wafer
Authors: Vikharev A.L. , Muchnikov A.B. , Radishev D.B. , Isaev V.A. , Ivanov O.A. , Gorbachev A.M. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe study of combined single-crystalline and polycrystalline chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond wafers is reported. Combined CVD diamond wafers up to 75 mm in diameter were grown, which consist of great number of single-crystalline diamond sections grafted in a polycrystalline diamond matrix. The grown combined CVD wafers were characterized by the Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that in the grafting process, the single- and polycrystalline areas of the combined wafer undergo insignificant stresses, which can be released during the thermal annealing process. Fabricated combined CVD diamond can be used in various applications that employ unique properties of diamond and potentially suitable for industrial use.
Evaluation of Prestressing with a Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Maji Arup K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper addresses the possibility of using shape-memory effect in Nitinol (Nickel-Titanium) alloy to remedy prestress losses in aging concrete beams. Straight annealed NiTi in the low temperature martensite phase can undergo large plastic deformations. This deformation and strain energy is recoverable when the material transforms to the higher temperature (about 55° C) austentite phase. This phenomena can be exploited to induce curvature, hence prestressing, by embedding NiTi wires and ropes in a structural member. Depending on the type of wire used its actuation effect can be reversed as necessary, creating the possibility of a smart prestressed concrete bridge of the future.Materials aspect studied in this project include the bond between NiTi wires and the host composite material, through mechanical testing and microscopy. An evaluation of the phase transformation is conducted using Acoustic Emission (AE) technology. AE event rate, locations and characteristics were evaluated during the actuation process.