bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination with Virus‐Like Particles Protects Horses from Experimental BPV‐1 Infection
Authors: Hainisch E.K. , Abel H. , Shafti‐Keramat S. , Kirnbauer R. , Brandt S. 
Published: September 2013

AimsBovine papillomavirus types 1 and 2 (BPV‐1/‐2) are chiefly involved in the pathogenesis of equine sarcoids. We have previously demonstrated that intramuscular immunisation of horses with BPV‐1 L1 virus‐like particles (VLPs) is safe and highly immunogenic, that BPV‐1 and ‐2 are closely related serotypes, and that intradermal inoculation of horses with cow wart‐derived BPV‐1 virions reliably results in the development of transient pseudo‐sarcoids. Based on these data, we next performed a virus challenge study.MethodsFourteen horses were immunised with 100 μg of BPV‐1 L1 VLP in adjuvant on Days 1 and 28; 7 horses served as nonvaccinated controls. On Day 42, all 21 horses were intradermally inoculated on their neck with 5 x 107 BPV‐1 virions per wheal (10 wheals per horse). The horses were monitored for adverse reactions and pseudo‐sarcoid formation. Antibody titres were determined for Days 0 and 42.ResultsAll 7 control horses developed pseudo‐sarcoids at every inoculation site (10/10). Tumours reached sizes of up to 16 mm in diameter and persisted for a minimum of 20 weeks. Immunisation with BPV‐1 L1 VLPs resulted in complete protection in 13 of 14 vaccinated horses, with serum antibody titres ranging between 6.400 and 25.600. One vaccinated horse developed 7 tumours, which reached a maximum size of 2 mm and completely regressed within 5 weeks, with antibody titres of 800.Conclusions and practical significanceImmunisation of 14 horses with BPV‐1 L1 VLPs conferred complete protection from experimental infection with BPV‐1 virion in 13 cases, and partial protection in one horse. The old age of this individual may account for the poor response to vaccination. Provided that the upcoming BPV‐2 challenge will yield similar results, BPV‐1 L1 VLP may be used for routine immunisation of equids.Ethical animal researchThis work was approved by the institutional ethics committee and the national authority according to Austrian Law for Animal Experiments, Tierversuchsgesetz ‐TVG. Approval Number: BMWF‐68.205/0236‐II/3b/2011. Sources of funding: This project is funded by the Veterinary University of Vienna Austrian Science Fund (FWF). Competing interests: None.
A Prospective Randomised Study to Compare the Effects of Preoperative Hypertonic Saline or Pentastarch on Haematological Variables and Long‐Term Survival of Surgical Colic Cases
Authors: Miller A.J. , Barron K.E. , Proudman C.J. , Dugdale A.H.A. 
Published: September 2013

AimsTo compare the effects of hypertonic saline and pentastarch on packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein (TP) immediately preoperatively and on long‐term survival of horses undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy.MethodsOne hundred horses presenting to the Philip Leverhulme Equine Hospital between 2004 and 2008 with signs of abdominal pain and PCV ≥45% were recruited. Horses were randomly allocated to receive 4 ml/kg bwt of either hypertonic saline (HS; Vetivex, 7.2%; n = 49) or pentastarch (PS; Haes‐Steril, 10%; n = 51) preanaesthesia. Blood samples were collected at presentation and post fluid resuscitation. Horse survival was tracked for 4 years following the final recruited case.ResultsThere were no significant differences between treatment groups at presentation for: age (HS, mean 13 ± 6 years; PS, mean 14 ± 6 years); body mass (HS, median 516 [130–698] kg; PS, median 525 [312–660] kg); sex (HS, 1 stallion, 34 geldings, 16 mares; PS, 2 stallions, 32 geldings, 15 mares); baseline PCV (HS, median 52 [46–70]%; PS, median 50 [45–70]%); baseline TP (HS, median 72 [46–103] g/l; PS, median 72 [50‐106] g/l); and heart rate (HS, mean 80 ± 20 beats/min; PS, mean 77 ± 18 beats/min) at presentation. Hypertonic saline treatment resulted in a significantly greater reduction in both PCV (HS, mean 13 ± 7%; PS mean 7 ± 5%; P<0.001) and TP (HS, median 16 [6–32] g/l; PS, median 2 [‐8 to 17] g/l; P<0.001), compared with pentastarch. There was no significant difference in long‐term survival between treatments (Cox proportional hazards model, P = 0.73).Conclusions and practical significanceDespite the greater reduction in haemoconcentration and likely reduction in blood viscosity incurred by HS, no benefit to overall long‐term survival was demonstrated. In a clinical setting, either of these fluids remains appropriate for preoperative fluid resuscitation in colic horses.AcknowledgementsAll the veterinary anaesthetists who assisted in data‐gathering.Ethical animal researchPermission for this study was granted by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Liverpool's Veterinary School. Signed owner consent was obtained for all cases. Sources of funding: None. Competing interests: None.
DESIRE AND NESTED MOBILITIES OF PASSING IN DOROTHEA SCHLEGEL'S FLORENTIN AND BENEDIKTE NAUBERT'S HEERFORT UND KLÄRCHEN
Authors: Allingham Liesl 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTDebates on gender during and following the French Revolution manifested anxieties about female mobility. Scholarship frequently frames those anxieties as discursive attempts to secure the boundary between the gendered private and public spheres. This article explores the interrelationship between female mobility and deviant sexual desire in Dorothea Schlegel's 1801 Romantic novel Florentin and Benedikte Naubert's 1799 Sentimental novel Heerfort und Klärchen. Both novels explicitly link crossdressing, passing, mobility, and deviant sexual desire. Though successful passing often necessitates movement from the domestic to the public sphere, both nonmarital and male‐male sexual desire in the two novels emerge only in nested mobilities: mobile practices nested within the larger mobility that is both compelled by and compels crossdressing and passing. By establishing what is abnormal or deviant – female mobility, nonmarital sexual desire, and male‐male sexual desire – the novels assert what is normal – domestic heterosexual desire between spouses. Thus they contribute to, and maintain multiple facets of the same ideology: heteronormativity; female domesticity; and the primacy of marriage and the intimate sphere as the location for desire. At the same time, by restricting sexual deviance to nested mobilities, the novels open nonnested female mobilities as spaces of possibility that can challenge these ideological beliefs.
Helicobacter pylori: Gastric Cancer and Extragastric Malignancies – Clinical aspects
Authors: Venerito Marino , Selgrad Michael , Malfertheiner Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe best opportunity to reduce gastric cancer (GC)‐related mortality remains prevention. Mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in a Taiwanese population >30 years of age reduced GC incidence with an effectiveness of 25% (rate ratio 0.753, 95% CI 0.372–1.524). In the Shandong intervention trial conducted on a Chinese population aged 35–64 years, cancer incidence was reduced by 39% in subjects who received H. pylori treatment compared with the placebo group after 14.7 years of follow‐up (absolute risk 3.0 vs 4.6%; odds ratio 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.96; p = .03). A high incidence of severe gastric atrophic changes and noninvasive gastric neoplasia has been reported in a Portuguese case‐control study on first‐degree relatives of patients with early‐onset gastric carcinoma (i.e., diagnosed before 45 years), which emphasizes again the importance of GC screening in this population. For patients with advanced GC, new targeted therapies to improve survival are under scrutiny. Trastuzumab resistance may be present from early on, or develop during trastuzumab therapy in patients with GC, and an overexpression of the HER2/neu protein. New molecules to overcome trastuzumab resistance are also being evaluated. The association between H. pylori‐induced gastritis and an increased risk of developing colonic neoplasms has been confirmed in a recent study, but the causality for this intriguing association has still to be clarified.
THE SHRINKING SPACE FOR ANOMALIES
Authors: Jiang George J. , Zhang Andrew Jianzhong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe existing literature documents a number of cross‐sectional stock return anomalies. This article examines how pervasive these anomalies are and whether factor models provide valid inferences on anomalous returns. First, by shrinking the stock space along the dimension of a predictive variable, we show that the book‐to‐market ratio (BM) and net stock issues effects are pervasive, whereas the size, momentum, and illiquidity effects are driven mainly by stocks on the long side, and the idiosyncratic volatility, accrual, capital expenditure, and sales growth effects mainly by stocks on the short side. Second, we provide evidence that commonly used factor models have limited explanatory power of stock returns. Restricting to stock samples where the four‐factor model adequately explains the size, BM, and momentum effects, we show that only the idiosyncratic volatility, accrual, and net stock issues effects remain significant.
Programme and policy options for preventing obesity in China
Authors: Wang H. , Zhai F. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBy 2002, China's prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults was 18.9 and 2.9%, respectively. The replacement of traditional Chinese diet with ‘Western diet’, major declines in all phases of activity and increased sedentary activity are cited as the main reasons explaining the rapid increase in overweight and obesity, which bring major economic and health costs. The Nutrition Improvement Work Management Approach was released in 2010. Overweight and obesity prevention‐related policies were added to national planning for disease prevention and control. The Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity of Chinese Adults and the School‐age Children and Teenagers Overweight and Obesity Prevention and Control Guidelines in China were promulgated in 2003 and 2007, respectively. Few education programmes have been implemented. Selected academic intervention research projects dominate with a focus on reducing child obesity and promoting healthier diets; increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary time; and facilitating changes in family, school, social and cultural environments. Intervention samples are small and have not addressed the increasing rates of obesity throughout the entire population. Government provision of effective policy measures, multisectoral cooperation and increasing corporate social responsibility are keys to curbing the trend towards overweight and obesity in China.
Mechanosensitive channels are activated by stress in the actin stress fibres, and could be involved in gravity sensing in plants
Authors: Tatsumi H. , Furuichi T. , Nakano M. , Toyota M. , Hayakawa K. , Sokabe M. , Iida H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMechanosensitive (MS) channels are expressed in a variety of cells. The molecular and biophysical mechanism involved in the regulation of MS channel activities is a central interest in basic biology. MS channels are thought to play crucial roles in gravity sensing in plant cells. To date, two mechanisms have been proposed for MS channel activation. One is that tension development in the lipid bilayer directly activates MS channels. The second mechanism proposes that the cytoskeleton is involved in the channel activation, because MS channel activities are modulated by pharmacological treatments that affect the cytoskeleton. We tested whether tension in the cytoskeleton activates MS channels. Mammalian endothelial cells were microinjected with phalloidin‐conjugated beads, which bound to stress fibres, and a traction force to the actin cytoskeleton was applied by dragging the beads with optical tweezers. MS channels were activated when the force was applied, demonstrating that a sub‐pN force to the actin filaments activates a single MS channel. Plants may use a similar molecular mechanism in gravity sensing, since the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration increase induced by changes in the gravity vector was attenuated by potential MS channel inhibitors, and by actin‐disrupting drugs. These results support the idea that the tension increase in actin filaments by gravity‐dependent sedimentation of amyloplasts activates MS Ca2+‐permeable channels, which can be the molecular mechanism of a Ca2+ concentration increase through gravistimulation. We review recent progress in the study of tension sensing by actin filaments and MS channels using advanced biophysical methods, and discuss their possible roles in gravisensing.
Combined use of rituximab and plasmapheresis pre‐transplant increases post‐transplant infections in renal transplant recipients with basiliximab induction therapy
Authors: Chung B.H. , Yun J.T. , Ha S.E. , Kim J.I. , Moon I.S. , Choi B.S. , Park C.W. , Kim Y.S. , Yang C.W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the effect of combined use of rituximab (RTX) and plasmapheresis (PP) pre‐transplant on post‐transplant infection.MethodsA total of 196 patients undergoing living‐donor kidney transplantation at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, all of whom underwent basiliximab induction therapy, were included in the study. They were divided into 3 groups: RTX/PP/intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) (the RPI group; n = 53), RTX monotherapy (the RTX group; n = 14), and control (the CONT group; n = 129). We compared the post‐transplant infections in the 3 groups.ResultsThe overall prevalence of infection was significantly higher, and the infection‐free survival rate was lower, in the RPI group compared with the RTX or CONT groups (P < 0.05). A trend toward more severe bacterial infections was seen in the RPI group compared with the other groups, and fungal infections developed only in the RPI group. After anti‐rejection therapy, a significantly higher rate of infection developed in the RPI group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the RPI group was an independent risk factor for the development of infection.ConclusionOur results show that in the setting of basiliximab induction, the use of combined RTX and PP therapy pre‐transplant significantly increases the risk for post‐transplant infection.
Finite Element Analysis Over Tangled Meshes
Authors: Danczyk Josh , Suresh Krishnan 
Published: September 2013

In finite element analysis (FEA), tasks such as mesh optimization and mesh morphing can lead to overlapping elements, i.e., to a tangled mesh. Such meshes are considered ‘unacceptable’ today, and are therefore untangled using specialized procedures.
Here it is shown that FEA can be easily extended to handle tangled meshes. Specifically, by defining the nodal functional space as an oriented linear combination of the element shape functions, it is shown that the classic Galerkin formulation leads to a valid finite element formulation over such meshes.
Patch tests and numerical examples illustrate the correctness of the proposed methodology.
An Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Lossy Signal Compression Method for a Remote and Wireless Bearing Condition Monitoring System
Authors: Tse Peter W. , Guo Wei 
Published: September 2013

Rolling bearings are one of the most widely used and most likely to fail components in the vast majority of rotating machines. A remote and wireless bearing condition system allows the bearings to be inspected in remote or hazardous environments and increases the machine reliability. To minimize the transmission loads of enormous vibration data for accurate bearing fault diagnosis, a lossy compression method based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method was proposed for bearing vibration signals in this paper. The EEMD method inherits the advantage of the popular empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and can adaptively decompose a multi-component signal into a number of different frequency bands of signal components called intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). After applying the EEMD method to the vibration signal, the impulsive signal component related to the faulty bearing is extracted. The noise and irrelevant signal components that are often embedded in the collected vibration signals were removed. In the bearing signal, the distribution for most of the extremes is around zero. Almost all meaningful extremes related to the defect are concentrated in a small fraction of the samples. Hence, this signal compression provides high compression ratio for the bearing vibration signal.
To verify the effectiveness of this method, raw vibration signals were collected from an experimental motor and a real traction motor. The proposed lossy signal compression method was applied to these vibration signals to extract the bearing signals and compress them. A comparison of this compression method with the popular wavelet compression method was also conducted. Wirelessly transmitting these compressed data demonstrates that the proposed signal compression method provides high compression performance for bearing vibration signals. Furthermore, the fault diagnosis using the reconstructed signal indicates that most of the impulses relating to the bearing fault are retained, including their periodicity and amplitudes, which are vital for accurate bearing fault diagnosis. Therefore, the compression of the bearing vibration signal contributes not only on the decreases of the file size and the transmission time, but also on the extraction of faulty bearing features to improve the accuracy in signal analysis.
With the help of this method, wireless data communication for the remote and wireless bearing condition monitoring system becomes highly efficient, even in a limited bandwidth environment and maintains accurate bearing fault detection without loss of features and the need of transmitting a large amount of vibration data.
Feasibility of a 5x Speedup in System Development due to META Design
Authors: de Weck Olivier L. 
Published: September 2013

The main goal of META design is to achieve a factor five (5x) improvement in product development speed for cyber-electro-physical systems compared to current practice. The method claims to achieve this speedup by a combination of three main mechanisms:
1. The deliberate use of layers of abstraction. High-level functional requirements are used to explore architectures immediately rather than waiting for downstream level 2, 3, 4 … requirements to be defined.
2. The development and use of an extensive and trusted component (C2M2L) model library. Rather than designing all components from scratch, the META process allows importing component models directly from a library in order to quickly compose functional designs.
3. The ability to find emergent behaviors and problems ahead of time during virtual Verification and Validation (V&V) and generating designs that are correct-by-construction allows a more streamlined design process and avoids costly design iterations that often lead to expensive design changes.
This paper quantifies the impact of these main META mechanisms with a sophisticated System Dynamics (SD) model that allows simulating development projects over time. META compares favorably against a simulation of a traditional design process due to the generation of late engineering changes in a traditional design-build-test-redesign environment. The benchmark case analyzed in this paper contained 3,000 requirements, and the results show a dramatic improvement for project completion schedule with a demonstrated speedup factor of 4.4 (70 months versus about 16 months). In the simulated META process we used 3 layers of abstraction, 50% novelty and a model library integrity of 80% with 70% of problems are caught early. The results were also validated against data from the B777 Electric Power System (EPS) design project at UTC where a speedup factor of 3.8 was demonstrated. The paper contains a useful sensitivity analysis that helps establish requirements and bounds on the META process and tool-chain itself that should enable the desired 5x speedup factor.
Toward Integration of a Semantic Framework With a Commercial PLM System
Authors: Eddy Douglas , Krishnamurty Sundar , Grosse Ian , Liotta Alexander , Wileden Jack 
Published: September 2013

Product lifecycle management (PLM) systems formally represent product information across the different functional departments of an organization throughout an entire product lifecycle. Integrating the PLM systems with the emerging semantic web will improve the knowledge management capabilities of these systems. In recent works, the authors have developed the e-Design framework, a collaborative web-based semantic environment for improving communication by formally defining an information model for documentation and sharing of engineering design knowledge throughout the entire design process.
This paper addresses the integration of the e-Design semantic framework with a commercial PLM system. A key feature of this integration approach is a semantic extraction process that executes the interface from commercial PLM software to a framework compatible with the semantic web, while maintaining the PLM’s multilevel bill of materials (BOM) structure. This extraction process includes application of semantic queries to categorize information imported from a PLM system. The development and implementation of this semantic extraction process for integrating product information from PLM systems into the e-Design framework is demonstrated with the aid of an illustrative case study using PTC’s Windchill PLM system. Our findings show that the resulting design execution within the e-Design framework facilitates dynamic linking of product information throughout the design process. It also preserves and propagates the BOM related information from PLM in all design phases.
Reduced Order Model for the Geometric Nonlinear Response of Complex Structures
Authors: Perez Ricardo , Wang X. Q. , Matney Andrew , Mignolet Marc P. 
Published: September 2013

This paper focuses on the development of nonlinear reduced order modeling techniques for the prediction of the response of complex structures exhibiting “large” deformations, i.e. a geometrically nonlinear behavior, and modeled within a commercial finite element code. The present investigation builds on a general methodology successfully validated in recent years on simpler beam and plate structures by:
(i) developing a novel identification strategy of the reduced order model parameters that enables the consideration of the large number of modes (> 50 say) that would be needed for complex structures, and
(ii) extending an automatic strategy for the selection of the basis functions used to represent accurately the displacement field.
The above novel developments are successfully validated on the nonlinear static response of a 9-bay panel structure modeled with 96,000 degrees of freedom within Nastran.