bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing a Model for Improving Access to Medicines in Rural India
Authors: Batliboi Shara M. , Tambe Suhas 
Published: November 2014

India’s health care infrastructure has not kept pace with the economy’s growth. Today only 25 per cent of the Indian population has access to allopathic medicine, practiced mainly in urban areas. Rural India’s health is supported, not always adequately, by the government’s National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).  This study proposes a model for distributing free medicines to villages. Medicines, a few months before their expiry dates, normally wasted, would be obtained from urban stockists/chemists. Pharmaceutical companies, by giving their consent, could partner with the model. The transfer of drugs to rural India would be via the widespread Indian postal network. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), postal employees and trained NRHM personnel would mobilize the model. Such a public–private partnership brings together members of civil society (e.g., NGOs), public sector (e.g., government agencies) and private sector (e.g., pharmaceutical companies) to fund, coordinate and drive the model, addressing the gaps in rural access to health care.
Sharp bounds for Neuman means in terms of one-parameter family of bivariate means
Authors: Shao Zhi-Hua , Qian Wei-Mao , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We present the best possible parameters

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∈
[
0
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such that the double inequalities

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are the one-parameter means.

MSC:26E60.
General iterative algorithms for mixed equilibrium problems, a general system of generalized equilibria and fixed point problems
Authors: Hu Hui-Ying , Ceng Lu-Chuan , Song Yan-Lai 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce and analyze a general iterative algorithm for finding a common solution of a finite family of mixed equilibrium problems, a general system of generalized equilibria and a fixed point problem of nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space. Under some appropriate conditions, we derive the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the proposed algorithm to a common solution, which also solves some optimization problem. The result presented in this paper improves and extends some corresponding ones in the earlier and recent literature.

MSC:49J30, 47H10, 47H15.
Multicarrier waveforms with I/Q staggering: uniform and nonuniform FBMC formats
Authors: Jošilo Slađana , Pejović Miloš , Đorđević Branko , Narandžić Milan , Nedić Slobodan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Starting from the well-known uniform filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) format with Nyquist spectral shaping of frequency-limited orthogonal (FLO) subchannels and its dual time-frequency, time-limited orthogonal (TLO) form, we introduce an orthogonal frequency division multiplex of nonuniformly spaced subchannels with unequal width.
The orthogonality conditions for nonuniform FBMC (Nu-FBMC) were evaluated through simulations using the ‘extended orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)’ framework, as well as through analytical derivation in a rather pragmatic manner. The referent filter bank impulse responses were defined in frequency domain by straightforward aggregations of the pertaining uniform filter bank subchannels spectral shapes for FLO and by transforming the frequency domain of appropriately aggregated time-limited referent impulse responses of uniform TLO configuration. Nonsymmetrical spectral shaping of subchannels in the FLO case format has also been proposed. The spectral efficiency has been evaluated in the presence of nonlinear distortions caused by high power amplifier (HPA), and results have been given in accordance with power spectral density (PSD) constraints defined by IEEE 802.11a standard.
Depression symptoms in people with diabetes attending outpatient podiatry clinics for the treatment of foot ulcers
Authors: Pearson Sue , Nash Toni , Ireland Vanessa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, diabetes self‐management, and quality of life in people with diabetes and foot ulcers. Ulcer status, mortality and amputations were also assessed at six months follow‐up.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey of people attending outpatient podiatry clinics at a major tertiary referral hospital. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Diabetes self‐care was assessed using the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) measure. Health‐related quality of life was measured using the physical component summary score (PCS) and the mental component summary score (MCS) of the SF‐12.ResultsOf the 60 participants in the study 14 (23.3%) reported mild symptoms of depression (PHQ score 5‐9) and 17 (28.3%) moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ score > 9). Twenty‐one (35%) met the criteria for previously recognized depression (on antidepressants and/or a diagnosis of depression in the last 12 months) and 17 (28.3%) for depression not previously recognized (PHQ > 4). Seventeen (28%) participants had been receiving antidepressant treatment for a median duration of 104 weeks (IQR 20, 494 weeks). Despite antidepressant treatment 12 participants (70.6% of those taking antidepressants) still reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms at the time of the study. Patients with PHQ scores > 4 reported poorer adherence to diabetes self‐care activities including general diet, exercise, blood sugar monitoring and foot care when compared to those participants with PHQ scores < 5. No association was found between physical functioning (PCS) and depressive symptoms. Decreasing mental wellbeing (MCS) was associated with increasing depressive symptoms. At six months follow‐up, there were three deaths and three amputations in participants with PHQ scores > 4 compared with no deaths and 2 amputations in participants with PHQ scores < 5. There was no association between depressive symptoms and ulcer healing or ulcer recurrence at the six‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study found a high prevalence of depressive symptoms both recognized and unrecognized in people with diabetes and foot ulcers. Depressive symptoms were associated with overall poorer diabetes self‐management and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). There was no association between depressive symptoms and ulcer outcomes at six‐months follow‐up.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound evaluation of renal microcirculation in sheep
Authors: Schneider Antoine G , Calzavacca Paolo , Schelleman Anthony , Huynh Tim , Bailey Michael , May Clive , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a novel imaging modality to estimate microvascular perfusion. We aimed to assess renal cortical microcirculatory changes by CEUS during pharmacologically or mechanically induced modifications of renal blood flow (RBF) in experimental animals.

Methods
We implanted invasive transit-time Doppler flow probes and a vascular occluder around the renal artery in six Merino sheep. After induction of general anaesthesia, renal CEUS studies with destruction-replenishment sequences were performed at baseline and after different interventions aimed at modifying RBF. First, we administered angiotensin II (AngII) to achieve a 25% (AngII 25%) and 50% (AngII 50%) decrease in RBF. Then, we applied mechanical occlusion of the renal artery until RBF decreased by 25% (Occl 25%) and 50% (Occl 50%) of the baseline. Finally, a single dose of 25 mg of captopril was administered. CEUS sequences were analysed offline with dedicated software and perfusion indices (PI) calculated.

Results
Pharmacological reduction of RBF with AngII was associated with a 62% (range: 68 decrease to 167 increase) increase (AngII 25%) and a 5% increase in PI (range: 92% decrease to 53% increase) (AngII 50%) in PI. Mechanical occlusion of the renal artery was associated with a 2% (range: 43% decrease to 2% increase) decrease (Occl 25%) and a 67% (range: 63% decrease to a 120% increase) increase (Occl 50%) in PI. The administration of captopril was associated with a 8% (range: 25% decrease to a 101% increase) decrease in PI. Pooled changes in PI failed to reach statistical significance. The study was limited by the difficulty to obtain high quality images.

Conclusions
CEUS-derived parameters were highly heterogeneous in this sheep model. The current protocol and model did not allow the evaluation of the correlation between macro and microcirculation assessment by CEUS.
A procedure for collecting electromagnetic data using multiple transmitters and receivers capable of deep and focused exploration
Authors: Lymburner Joshua , Smith Richard S. 
Published: November 2014

Many ground controlled-source electromagnetic (EM) systems have been deployed, and under ideal conditions these systems are capable of detecting large conductors to depths of approximately 800 m; however, more common detection limits are less than 400 m. Although these systems have been used with great success, they may experience two weaknesses when exploring for deeper conductors: poor coupling with the target and small signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns), both of which decrease the quality and interpretability of the data. We evaluated a novel time-domain EM procedure that addresses these weaknesses. The coupling weakness was addressed through multiple transmitter locations and multiple receiver locations, and the S/N was increased by spatial stacking of measurements (from the various transmitter-receiver combinations). A field test of this procedure was undertaken. Reciprocity data indicated that the noise levels of the vertical component data we acquired were about [Formula: see text]. Spatial stacking of the data can reduce the noise levels by a factor of seven. This means that a small conductor previously only visible to 150 m could be seen to 275 m and a conductor visible to 300 m could be seen to 575 m. One challenge of the new procedure was the time required to collect all the transmitter-receiver combinations — this time can be reduced using the principle of reciprocity and not repeating approximately reciprocal measurements. Another challenge was to visualize and interpret the large volumes of data collected using the procedure — this has been partially addressed by creating equivalent-dipole depth sections. Synthetic and real equivalent-dipole depth sections appeared very similar and illustrated that these images of the subsurface could be interpreted. However, the features appeared too deep on the sections, so better visualization techniques could be developed.
Diagnostic Characteristics of Circovirus Infection in Pigs
Authors: Gjurovski Ivica , Angelovski Branko , Dovenski Toni , Mitrov Dine , Ristoski Trpe 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the results from the histopathology and the immunohistochemical method in the diagnostic of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in pigs. The circovirus infection is a pig disease that is caused by a small, spherical, nonenveloped virus with a single stranded DNA genome which is spread throughout the pig industry worldwide. The circovirus is the etiological agent of a several pig diseases which today are thought to be the cause of the greatest economical loses in pig production. The most important of these diseases is the PMWS (post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome). In this article we have performed an investigation of four farms on which there had been a previous clinical diagnosis of the Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. The examination was performed on thirty pigs from these farms, from two to five months old, which had the most severe symptoms of the disease. Necropsy, histopathology and immunohistochemical diagnostic methods were performed. The most significant necropsy findings were the enlarged lymph nodes (especially the inguinal, mediasinal and the mesenteric lymph nodes). The main histopathological changes were located in the lymphatic organs presented by B and T lymphocyte depletion and increase in the number of the macrophages. PCV2 antigen and nucleic acid were detected in almost all of the examined tissues. The examination showed that the histopathological and immunohistochemical methods provide complementary results in diagnosing PCV2 in pigs.
Prevalence and determinants of smoking initiation among school students in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Racic Maja , Tanovic Sanja , Joksimovic Vedrana R. , Joksimovic Bojan N. , Ristic Sinisa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Tobacco smoking amongst the young is a matter of public health concern because of the immediate and long-term health consequences associated with tobacco use, such as asthma, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants of smoking initiation among a sample of high school students in Bosnia and Herzegovina.Methods:The study was conducted among 198 high school students in Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, during April 2013. A self-administered, pre-tested, structured, close-ended questionnaire was used for data collection.Results:Fourth grade students mainly initiated smoking in high school (45%), while the majority of third and second grade students initiated smoking in primary school. Among students who smoke, an average duration of the smoking habit was <2 years. A multivariate analysis showed that males were 5.27 times more likely to have initiated smoking. For every unit increase in pro-smoking attitude towards smoking, students were 5.3 times more likely to have initiated smoking. Those with parents and friends who are smokers were 6.106 and 5.175 times, respectively, more likely to have initiated smoking.Conclusion:This study indicates that a high proportion of 15–18 year olds in the town of Zvornik are current smokers. Gender, age, and parent and peer influence were identified as important associations with smoking. Interventions should not only be confined to the secondary school environment but they should also extend to their places of residence so that influences in the home environment and social surroundings that contribute to tobacco use are also tackled.
Reduction of pressor response to stress by centrally acting apelin in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Gomolka Ryszard Stefan , Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska Agnieszka , Czarzasta Katarzyna , Szczepanska-Sadowska Ewa 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background: Numerous studies suggest that apelin plays a significant role in cardiovascular regulation and in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether apelin-13 (AP-13) is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular responses to acute stress in spontaneous hypertension.

Methods: The effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of AP-13 on changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate evoked by an alarming stress (air jet stress) were compared in awake normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were divided into four groups: Groups 1 (WKY) and 3 (SHR) received ICV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride (vehicle), whereas Groups 2 (WKY) and 4 (SHR) were ICV infused with AP-13. All animals were exposed to the alarming stress.

Results: During the ICV administration of the vehicle, the pressor response to stress was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY. The ICV infusion of AP-13 reduced the pressor response evoked by the application of the stressor in SHR but not in WKY. It also abolished the difference in stress-induced MABP increases between WKY and SHR.

Conclusions: The results show that centrally acting apelin may play an essential role in the regulation of blood pressure responses to an alarming stress in SHR rats.
Surrealism as Theme and Method in Olga Grushin’s The Dream Life of Sukhanov
Authors: Berlina Alexandra 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The present article analyzes visual and literary surrealism as a theme and method in Olga Grushin’s debut novel The Dream Life of Sukhanov, paying particular attention to ambiguity and estrangement, unreliable narration and ekphrasis shading into hallucination. It discusses the functions of Shklovsky’s ostranenie and Todorov’s fantastique in the surreal, and analyzes the novel’s use of the three gateways to surrealism: dreams, drugs, and madness.
A Dignifying Shame: On Narrative, Repetition, and Distance in Anne Carson’s Nox
Authors: Parr Jocelyn 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the form of Canadian poet Anne Carson’s Nox and its content, particularly as they relate to shame and subjectivity. As an elegy, Nox is as much about the person mourned – Carson’s long-estranged brother – as it is about Carson herself. Yet, even as the book hints at real personalities and the kinds of shame they experienced, Nox also lends a dignity to both, enacting therefore the protective measures of shame through both the aesthetics of the book and the narratives it recounts. As a study of shame, therefore, I argue that Nox writes of the self without relying on the construct of the coherent, core self. Nox illustrates the various shames a self can feel but also the way shame can emerge as an aesthetic or poetics independent of the feeling self.
Arhgef7 promotes activation of the Hippo pathway core kinase Lats
Authors: Heidary Arash Emad , Song Ki Myung , Song Siyuan , Shiban Ahmed , Attisano Liliana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Hippo pathway regulates tissue growth and organ size, and inactivation contributes to cancer. Signals flow through Mst/Lats kinases, which phosphorylate and promote cytoplasmic localization of the transcriptional regulators Yap and Taz to inhibit transcription. Here, we identify the multidomain‐containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Arhgef7, or βPix, as a positive Hippo pathway regulator. We show that βPix, which localizes to the cytoplasm, binds both Lats and Yap/Taz and thereby promotes Lats‐mediated phosphorylation of Yap/Taz in a GEF‐independent manner. βPix is required downstream of both cell density sensing and actin cytoskeletal rearrangements, and we demonstrate that loss of βPix expression in normal mammary epithelial cells strongly reduces Yap/Taz phosphorylation, promotes nuclear localization and increases target gene expression. Conversely, increased expression of βPIX in breast cancer cell lines re‐couples the Hippo kinase cassette to Yap/Taz, promoting localization of Yap/Taz to the cytoplasm and inhibiting cell migration and proliferation. These studies thus define βPix as a key component that links the Hippo kinase cassette to Yap/Taz in response to multiple upstream Hippo pathway activators.
A estrutura de capital da micro e pequena empresa de Blumenau
Authors: Parisotto Iara Regina dos Santos , Rosa Roberto da 
Published: November 2014

O crescimento das micro e pequenas empresas na economia brasileira é indiscutível; um fator que preocupa, no entanto, é o alto nível de mortalidade dessas empresas. No ano de 2004, o SEBRAE apontou em pesquisa realizada, que 42% dos empresários responderam, como causas das dificuldades e razões para o fechamento das empresas, a falta de capital de giro. Tal fato motivou a realização dessa pesquisa, cujo objetivo foi de verificar como é formada a estrutura de capital da micro e pequena empresa blumenauense. Para atingir-se o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, e os procedimentos foram: levantamento de dados, por meio de pesquisa de campo, bem como documental e bibliográfica. A amostra selecionada foi de 68 de um total de 76.258 micros e pequenas empresas blumenauenses (fonte: JUCESC, Florianópolis - SC), usando-se fórmula estatística de população finita, com 90% de confiança e 70% de desvio padrão. Os questionários foram aplicados pessoalmente. As conclusões foram que, na maioria das empresas pesquisadas, não está presente a visão de estrutura de capital. Os empresários atuam de acordo com as possibilidades, no momento dos acontecimentos dos fatos, utilizando os recursos que têm com maior disponibilidade e facilidade de captação, o que nem sempre se mostra a melhor opção. As empresas pesquisadas mostram que os recursos de capital de giro são provenientes, em 46,7% dos casos, de capital de terceiros a uma taxa média de 3,4%, quando poderiam pagar para captar recursos para investimentos uma taxa média de 1,9%.
NATO Integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The pursuit o F local ownership in externally-led state building
Authors: Turčalo Sead , Kapidžić Damir 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The NATO integration of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is closely tied to a strong surge in externally led state building following the conflict of the 1990s Informed by the ideals of liberal peace, one of the key components of state building was security sector reform and a restructuring of the armed forces. A shifting approach by the international community, varying between imposing decisions and insisting on local ownership, managed to establish the joint BiH Armed Forces, but allowed for the appropriation of the NATO integration process by local ethnic party elites. As a result, NATO integration in BiH regressed into an exercise in institutional reform, pursued in disarray and primarily addressing technical issues. Even if successfully brought to fruition, NATO integration will have failed to achieve the objectives of fostering substantive peace in BiH.
The effect of particular active substances of hallucinogenic mushrooms
Authors: Wieczorek Marek 
Published: November 2014

Magic mushrooms have accompanied man for thousands of years. Formerly they were used for religious and culture purposes. Those fungi belong mainly to the genera Conocybe, Copelandia, Panaeolus, Psilocybe and Stropharia. A number of these fungal species produce substances, like psilocybin, psilocin, ibotenic acid or muscimol. Because of their chemical similarity to naturally occurring neurotransmitters like serotonin and GABA these substances, after ingestion, affect brain neurochemistry and by this induce hallucinations. This mini review presents the influence of psilocybin, psilocin, ibotenic acid and muscimol on the nervous system. Also the effects of the above mentioned substances on emotion and mental health of people are discussed.
Development of Plurilingual Competencies through Vocationally Oriented Language Learning in Sweden
Authors: Movchan Larysa 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The article tackles the problem of developing plurilingual competencies through vocationally oriented foreign language in Sweden. The author analyses the pedagogical conditions of realization of plurilingual education at upper-secondary schools, vocational and higher education establishments and the aspects of teacher education for this purpose. The vocational foreign language education in Sweden is determined by the country’s multilingual policy and English is given much priority in many societal domains including educational. English and other foreign languages are used as the medium of instruction while teaching the content of other subjects. At the higher educational level students are encouraged to write research papers in English. Participation of Sweden in numerous multilingual initiatives of the Council of Europe providing the opportunities for both teachers and learners of vocational and higher educational institutions with the opportunities of the cross-border cooperation in this sphere and international mobility. Still, there is a problem of teacher’s training for teaching foreign languages in professional spheres. Using skills as a framework of foreign languages for specific purposes teachers are provided with the necessary knowledge and tools to deal with their own students’ specializations.