bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between total homocysteine, total cholesterol and creatinine levels in overt hypothyroid patients
Authors: Bamashmoos Saleh A , Al-Nuzaily Mohammed AK , Al-Meeri Ali M , Ali Faisal HH 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease, which can not be fully explained by the atherogenic lipid profile, particularly total cholesterol and LDL-C, and other pathogenic factors may be involved. Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and accelerated atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and its relation to total cholesterol, creatinine and thyroid hormones fT3, fT4 and TSH levels in overt hypothyroid patients compared to control subjects. In this study thirty recently diagnosed, non-treated overt hypothyroid patients (f=27, m=3) and twenty normal volunteers control (f=18, m=2) were included and subjected to determination of serum tHcy by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique, fT3, fT4 and TSH by Elecsys cobas e 601 analyzer, total cholesterol by enzymatic method and creatinine by kinetic method. The data was statistically analysed by SPSS-10 and p values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Our results showed that there were a significant increase of tHcy, TSH, T.cholesterol and creatinine levels by 113%, 12-folds, 58% and 54%, respectively, and a significant decrease of fT4 and fT3 levels by 49.6% and 56.4% , respectively, in hypothyroid patients than in control group. For tHcy (Mean±SD, 24.45±5.50 μmol/l vs 11.48±3.03 μmol/l, respectively; P < 0.001). tHcy was significantly positively correlated with TSH, creatinine and age and negatively correlated with free thyroxine (fT4) and no significant correlations with fT3 and T.cholesterol. In conclusion, our study confirmed the observation of elevated serum tHcy, T.cholesterol and creatinine in overt hypothyroidism and the presence of an inverse relation between tHcy with fT4 and a positive relation with TSH.
Requirement of TPO/c-mpl for IL-17A-induced granulopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Tan Weihong , Liu Bainan , Barsoum Adel , Huang Weitao , Kolls Jay K , Schwarzenberger Paul 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIL-17A is a critical, proinflammatory cytokine essential to host defense and is induced in response to microbial invasion. It stimulates granulopoiesis, leading to neutrophilia, neutrophil activation, and mobilization. TPO synergizes with other cytokines in stimulating and expanding hematopoietic progenitors, also leading to granulopoiesis and megakryopoiesis, and is required for thrombocytopoiesis. We investigated the effects of in vivo expression of IL-17A on granulopoiesis and megakaryopoisis in TPO receptor c-mpl−/− mice. IL-17A expression expanded megakaryocytes by 2.5-fold in normal mice but had no such effect in c-mpl−/− mice. The megakaryocyte expansion did not result in increased peripheral platelet counts. IL-17A expression did not impact bone marrow precursors in c-mpl−/− mice; however, it expanded splenic precursors, although to a lesser extent compared with normal controls (CFU-HPP). No peripheral neutrophil expansion was observed in c-mpl−/− mice. Moreover, in c-mpl−/− mice, release of IL-17A downstream cytokines was reduced significantly (KC, MIP-2, GM-CSF). The data suggest that IL-17A requires the presence of functional TPO/c-mpl to exert its effects on granulopoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. Furthermore, IL-17A and its downstream cytokines are important regulators and synergistic factors for the physiologic function of TPO/c-mpl on hematopoiesis.
‘It’s hard not to be a teacher sometimes’: Citizen ethnography in school
Authors: McDougall Julian 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article reflects on a European Union-funded research project – Social Documentary as a Pedagogic Tool – and its local implementation in Citizenship pedagogy in three non-selective English secondary schools in mixed and ‘disadvantaged’ communities in the West Midlands. An ethnographic methodology (for pedagogy) enabled Citizenship students to produce documentary films representing their communities’ perceptions of local identities in relation to Europe and its future. In working ethnographically, students making the documentary films were at the same time the ‘subjects’ (agents) and ‘objects’ (the data) of the learning and the research. Data was captured for discourse analysis in three forms – the documentary films produced by students, uploaded to the project’s website and screened at two international film festivals; individual interviews with teachers and group interviews with participating students. The article reviews the discursive data and discusses the potential of this pedagogic intervention for reflexive learning in Citizenship to successfully work in the ‘interplay between contexts for action, relationships within and across contexts, and the dispositions that young people bring to such contexts and relationships’.
Game-based learning to develop civic literacy and twenty-first century skills: Making judgments and decisions
Authors: Sardone Nancy B. , Devlin-Scherer Roberta 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In the United States, providing students with the education needed to develop the knowledge, skills and values that will enable them to become effective citizens is in question due to weak curricular requirements, inadequate state standards, inappropriate assessment measures, and poor teacher preparation. The role teacher education could play in filling these voids is critical. This article examines the effects of a digital game on the knowledge of civics concepts of students and the development of specific twenty-first-century skills, making judgments and decisions. A comparison of pre and post results reveal participants (n=58) learned civics concepts using this interactive and content-rich instructional resource.
The United States of Africa: Afrofuturistic pasts and Afropolitan futures
Authors: Janis Michael 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Extending the 1990s movement of Afrofuturism in new directions, recent African writers and film-makers have made important satirical contributions to the idea of a future United States of Africa (USAF) to which westerners scramble to gain admittance. Launched by Ghanaian director John Akomfrah’s classic film The Last Angel of History (1995), Afrofuturism looks back to modernist roots, but looks forward to the ramifications of postcoloniality and postmodernity. At the All African Peoples’ Congress, Kwame Nkrumah declares the century of Africa and proclaims a future USAF – a project still under consideration by the African Union (AU). A decade later, Guyanese writer Bertène Juminer publishes La Revanche du Bozambo (1968)/Bozambo’s Revenge (1976), which transfers the plight of Africans struggling against European colonialism to Europeans struggling against African colonialism. In the Juminerian tradition, Djiboutian writer Abdourahman Waberi’s novel Aux États-Unis d’Afrique (2006)/In the United States of Africa (2009b) and Beninese director Sylvestre Amoussou’s film Africa Paradis (2006) criticize globalization and the North–South divide, and offer to postcolonial cosmopolitanism the speculative engagement with the sociology of African technology and with the future possibilities of what Achille Mbembé terms ‘Afropolitanism’.
Primary Gingival Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report of the Clinical Presentation and Management
Authors: Meister David J. , Caldwell Gregory R. , Masters Lisa M. , Sterio Thomas W. , Mills Michael P. 
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the eighth most common cancer in the world. In the United States, it is estimated that 41,380 people will be diagnosed with oral or pharyngeal cancer in 2013, with 7,890 deaths expected. Potentially malignant (premalignant/precancerous) oral lesions commonly present as areas of leukoplakia (white patch), erythroplakia (red patch), or a mixture of both. Early diagnosis is critical to the successful management of the lesion.Case Presentation: This case report documents the detection and management of a gingival squamous cell carcinoma in a 69‐year‐old white male who recently completed comprehensive periodontal and restorative therapy. Early detection and diagnosis were paramount in limiting the potential invasiveness and extent of the surgical resection for this patient.Conclusion: This case report illustrates the importance of maintaining vigilance and thoroughly evaluating the patient throughout all phases of therapy.
Characterization of Permeability, Stability and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Decitabine and Gemcitabine Divalerate Prodrugs
Authors: Clouser Christine L , Bonnac Laurent , Mansky Louis M , Patterson Steven E 
Published: August 2013

Background: Over 25 drugs have been approved for the treatment of HIV-1 replication. All but one of these drugs is delivered as an oral medication. Previous studies have demonstrated that two drugs, decitabine and gemcitabine, have potent anti-HIV-1 activities and can work together in synergy to reduce HIV-1 infectivity via lethal mutagenesis. For their current indications, decitabine and gemcitabine are delivered intravenously. Methods: As an initial step towards the clinical translation of these drugs for the treatment of HIV-1 infection, we synthesized decitabine and gemcitabine prodrugs in order to increase drug permeability, which has generally been shown to correlate with increased bioavailability in vivo. In the present study we investigated the permeability, stability and anti-HIV-1 activity of decitabine and gemcitabine prodrugs and selected the divalerate esters of each as candidates for further investigation. Results: Our results provide the first demonstration of divalerate prodrugs of decitabine and gemcitabine that are readily permeable, stable and possess anti-HIV-1 activity. Conclusions: These observations predict improved oral availability of decitabine and gemcitabine, and warrant further study of their ability to reduce HIV-1 infectivity in vivo.
The Clinical Significance of Duodenal Lymphocytosis With Normal Villus Architecture
Authors: Hammer Suntrea T. G. , Greenson Joel K. 
Published: August 2013

Context.—The finding of increased intraepithelial lymphocytes with normal villous architecture (Marsh I lesion) is seen in up to 3% of duodenal biopsies. The differential diagnosis includes a wide range of possibilities, including celiac disease, bacterial overgrowth, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug damage, reaction to Helicobacter pylori infection, tropical sprue, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease.Objectives.—To highlight the histologic features of the Marsh I lesion, review the diseases and conditions associated with that finding, and to provide pathologists with a rationale and a template for how to identify and report such cases.Data Sources.—A review of the literature regarding the histologic features and clinical associations of Marsh I lesions.Conclusions.—Marsh I lesions are a nonspecific finding associated with a number of disease conditions. Historically, between 9% and 40% of cases have been shown to represent celiac disease. Current data do not suggest histologic features to differentiate between diseases associated with this histologic change.
Dissolution and stability of chitosan in a sodium hydroxide/urea aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Wei , Xia Wenshui 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMedium‐molecular‐weight chitosan (MMWC; 157.5 kDa) and low‐molecular‐weight chitosan (LMWC; 53.4 kDa) samples were dissolved in an NaOH/urea solution by freeze–thaw treatment. The factors affecting dissolution were optimized, and the stability of chitosan in the produced solution was investigated. NaOH and urea concentrations of 2 and 0.67 mol/L, respectively, and a treatment temperature of −18°C were optimized as the dissolving conditions. MMWC and LMWC could be completely dissolved in the 2 mol/L NaOH/0.67 mol/L urea solution after six and five cycles of freeze–thaw treatments, respectively. Dissolution and storage in the 2 mol/L NaOH/0.67 mol/L urea solution slightly increased the deacetylation degree of chitosan and slightly decreased the molecular weight. The solution stability of LMWC was better than that of MMWC. MMWC tended to form a gel during storage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39819.
ChemInform Abstract: Newly Found Phase Transition and Mechanical Stability of AuAl2: A First‐Principles Study.
Authors: Cui Shouxin , Wei Dong‐Qing , Zhang Qingming , Gong Zizheng , Hu Haiquan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractStructural and mechanical stability of the intermetallic phase AuAl2 are studied by first‐principles DFT pseudopotential calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Sidorenkite (Na3MnPO4CO3): A New Intercalation Cathode Material for Na‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Ceder Gerbrand , et al. et al. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNa3MnPO4CO3 is synthesized from aqueous solutions of Mn(NO3)2, (NH4)2HPO4, and Na2CO3 (Ar, 120 °C, 4—72 h) and characterized by powder XRD, SEM, 23Na MAS NMR spectroscopy, XANES, electrochemical measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: New Polymorph of Mo3S4 Prepared Using a High‐Pressure Synthesis Technique: Crystal Structure, Electronic Property, and Band Calculation.
Authors: Fukuoka Hiroshi , Masuoka Kumi , Hanaoka Teruhiko , Inumaru Kei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA new polymorph of Mo3S4 is synthesized from a mixture of Mo and S in the molar ratio of 3:4 (h‐BN cell, 13 GPa, 1450 °C) and characterized by single crystal XRD, electrical resistivity measurements, and LAPW electronic band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Alkyl Grignard Reagents to Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Fernandez‐Mateos Emilio , Macia Beatriz , Yus Miguel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn efficient enantioselective catalytic system for the addition of alkyl Grignard reagents to a variety of aliphatic aldehydes such as (I) and (IV) with good yields and enantioselectivities is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentafulvene‐Derived η3‐Allyltitanocenes as Intermediates for the Stereoselective Functionalization of 5‐Membered Carbocycles.
Authors: Joseph Jomy , Jaroschik Florian , Radhakrishnan K. V. , Vasse Jean‐Luc , Szymoniak Jan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAllyltitanocene complexes, generated by reacting pentafulvalenes with DIBAL‐H and TiCl2(Cp)2 react with aldehydes to afford homoallylic alcohols in a highly regio‐ and stereoselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Auto‐Tandem Catalysis with a Planar‐Chiral Ruthenium Complex: Sequential Allylic Amidation and Atom‐Transfer Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Kanbayashi Naoya , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Okamura Taka‐aki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reaction of allylic chlorides with amides includes the use of CPR as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Indolylphosphines as Ligand for Palladium in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction of Chloroarenes: Substituent Effects.
Authors: Saha Debajyoti , Ghosh Raju , Sarkar Amitabha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTwo new indolylphosphines are successfully applied as ligands in the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of boronic acids (II) with chloroarenes (I) or benzyl chlorides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Plasmonic Harvesting of Light Energy for Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Chuanhao , Chen Huanjun , Jiang Ruibin , Sun Ling‐Dong , Li Quan , Wang Jianfang , Yu Jimmy C. , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSunlight catalyzes Suzuki‐reactions in the presence of catalysts constructed from Au nanocrystal cores and tightly bonded Pd nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclohexanone or Cyclopentanone to Chalcones Catalyzed by an L‐Proline‐Based Organic Phosphane.
Authors: Liu Lingyan , Zhu Yunna , Huang Kaimeng , Chang Weixing , Li Jing 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reaction of cyclohexanone proceeds with excellent dia‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanosized Pd(0)—Arabinogalactan Composites as Catalysts in the Sonogashira Reaction.
Authors: Parshina L. N. , Tantsyrev A. P. , Grishchenko L. A. , Trofimov B. A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFirst time, the new catalyst system consisting of Pd(0) nanoparticles stabilized by arabinogalactan polysaccharide matrix composites is employed for the cross‐coupling of terminal alkynes with (het)aryl bromides.
ChemInform Abstract: Achieving Vinylic Selectivity in Mizoroki—Heck Reaction of Cyclic Olefins.
Authors: Wu Xiaojin , Lu Yunpeng , Hirao Hajime , Zhou Jianrong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCyclic olefins of various ring size add aryl groups to the vinylic position with excellent selectivity using a palladium—hydride catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Naphthol in Glycerol: A Versatile Pair for Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Aminonaphthols, Naphtho‐1,3‐oxazines, and Benzoxanthenes.
Authors: Ganesan Subramaniapillai Selva , Rajendran Narendran , Sundarakumar Sankahr Ilathur , Ganesan Asaithampi , Pemiah Brindha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGlycerol is described as useful solvent for the rapid one‐pot synthesis of Betti bases without the need for any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Gold and Photoredox Catalysis: Visible Light‐Mediated Oxy‐ and Aminoarylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Sahoo Basudev , Hopkinson Matthew N. , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe novel title dual‐catalytic system gives access to a wide range of different arylated heterocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Diels—Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphate Magnesium Complexes: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Li Guilong , Liang Tao , Wojtas Lukasz , Antilla Jon C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis is a mild and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of spirooxindoles, a core structure of many natural products, e.
ChemInform Abstract: PPh3‐Mediated Intramolecular Conjugation of Alkyl Halides with Electron‐Deficient Olefins: Facile Synthesis of Chromans and Relevant Analogues.
Authors: Zhu Jian‐Bo , Wang Peng , Liao Saihu , Tang Yong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDirect intramolecular coupling of two electrophiles (alkyl halides with electron‐deficient C—C double bonds) is realized in a PPh3‐mediated intramolecular conjugate addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2‐Substituted and 3‐Substituted Piperidines Through a Bromoaminocyclization Process.
Authors: Zhou Ling , Tay Daniel Weiliang , Chen Jie , Leung Gulice Yiu Chung , Yeung Ying‐Yeung 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe catalytic enantioselective bromocyclization of olefinic amides (I) using quinine‐derived amino‐thiocarbamates as catalyst results in the formation of enantioenriched 2‐substituted 3‐bromopiperidines (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis‐acridine Derivatives Exhibiting Anticancer and Antiinflammatory Activity.
Authors: Sondhi Sham M. , Kumar Sandeep , Rani Reshma , Chakraborty Ajanta , Roy Partha 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAmong the synthesized compounds, derivative (IIId) exhibits antiinflammatory activity higher than the standard drug ibuprofen.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl Substituted 2‐Oxopyridine‐Fused 1,3‐Diazaheterocycles via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wang Zewei , Sun Tianqi , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe access to perfluoroalkylated 2‐pyridones via a three‐component one‐pot synthesis employing diamines, dithioacetals, and perfluoroalkynoates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Functionalized Quinoxaline N‐Oxides. Part 1. Efficient Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives by Selective Modification of 3‐Chloro‐6‐fluoroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐one 4‐Oxide.
Authors: Maichrowski Jan , Gjikaj Mimoza , Huebner Eike G. , Bergmann Baerbel , Mueller Ingrid B. , Kaufmann Dieter E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPolyfunctionalized quinoxaline N‐oxides are derived from building block (III), which is obtained on a multigram scale by a one‐step annulation reaction of fluoroaniline (I) with trichloronitroethene (II).
Infratemporal fossa approach type a with transcondylar‐transtubercular extension for Fisch type C2 to C4 tympanojugular paragangliomas
Authors: Sanna Mario , Shin Seung‐Ho , Piazza Paolo , Pasanisi Enrico , Vitullo Francesca , Di Lella Filippo , Bacciu Andrea 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe classic infratemporal fossa type A approach (IFTA‐A) permits superior and anterior exposure of the jugular foramen. The transcondylar‐transtubercular extension facilitates posteroinferior and medial access to the jugular foramen. The purpose of this study was to present the IFTA‐A with transcondylar‐transtubercular extension and to assess its surgical results.MethodsA review of patients with tympanojugular paraganglioma who underwent resection through the IFTA‐A with transcondylar‐transtubercular extension was performed.ResultsIn all, 39 patients were included in the study. The average follow‐up was 23.6 months. Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 87.2% of the cases and there was evidence of recurrence in 5.9% of this group.ConclusionThe transcondylar‐transtubercular extension of the classic IFTA‐A is aimed at making the excision of Fisch type C2 to C4 tympanojugular paragangliomas simpler and safer by drilling out one third of the lateral part of the occipital condyle and removing the jugular process and jugular tubercle. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1581–1588, 2014
Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Wei , Long Guoxian , Wang Junfeng , Mei Qi , Liu Dongbo , Hu Guoqing 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundVarious studies have assessed the prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but their results remain controversial.MethodsStudies published up to January 2013 were collected. A total of 16 studies involving 1179 patients were reviewed. A meta‐analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of EGFR in patients with NPC. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed‐effects or random‐effects models.ResultsEGFR overexpression had significantly poor effect on overall survival (OS; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.25–2.77), disease‐free survival (DFS; HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.66–3.04) and locoregional control (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.71–5.02). However, the association between EGFR overexpression and distant metastasis–free survival was not statistically significant (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.72–2.67).ConclusionEGFR overexpression can be a prognostic factor for patients with NPC. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 36: 1508–1516, 2014