bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Urinary Metals With Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and All-Cause Mortality in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Martinez-Morata Irene , Schilling Kathrin , Glabonjat Ronald A. , Domingo-Relloso Arce , Mayer Melanie , McGraw Katlyn E. , Galvez Fernandez Marta , Sanchez Tiffany R. , Nigra Anne E. , Kaufman Joel D. , Vaidya Dhananjay , Jones Miranda R. , Bancks Michael P. , Barr R. Graham , Shimbo Daichi , Post Wendy S. , Valeri Linda , Shea Steven , Navas-Acien Ana 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Exposure to metals has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) end points and mortality, yet prospective evidence is limited beyond arsenic, cadmium, and lead. In this study, we assessed the prospective association of urinary metals with incident CVD and all-cause mortality in a racially diverse population of US adults from MESA (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

METHODS:
We included 6599 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.1 [10.2] years; 53% female) with urinary metals available at baseline (2000 to 2001) and followed through December 2019. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio and 95% CI of CVD and all-cause mortality by baseline urinary levels of cadmium, tungsten, and uranium (nonessential metals), and cobalt, copper, and zinc (essential metals). The joint association of the 6 metals as a mixture and the corresponding 10-year survival probability was calculated using Cox Elastic-Net.

RESULTS:
During follow-up, 1162 participants developed CVD, and 1844 participants died. In models adjusted by behavioral and clinical indicators, the hazard ratios (95% CI) for incident CVD and all-cause mortality comparing the highest with the lowest quartile were, respectively: 1.25 (1.03, 1.53) and 1.68 (1.43, 1.96) for cadmium; 1.20 (1.01, 1.42) and 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) for tungsten; 1.32 (1.08, 1.62) and 1.32 (1.12, 1.56) for uranium; 1.24 (1.03, 1.48) and 1.37 (1.19, 1.58) for cobalt; 1.42 (1.18, 1.70) and 1.50 (1.29, 1.74) for copper; and 1.21 (1.01, 1.45) and 1.38 (1.20, 1.59) for zinc. A positive linear dose-response was identified for cadmium and copper with both end points. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in the mixture of these 6 urinary metals and the corresponding 10-year survival probability difference (95% CI) were 1.29 (1.11, 1.56) and –1.1% (–2.0, –0.05) for incident CVD and 1.66 (1.47, 1.91) and –2.0% (–2.6, –1.5) for all-cause mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
This epidemiological study in US adults indicates that urinary metal levels are associated with increased CVD risk and mortality. These findings can inform the development of novel preventive strategies to improve cardiovascular health.
Explicit or implicit digital humanities? An examination of search strategies to retrieve digital humanities publications from large-scale scholarly databases
Authors: Li Kai , Ma Rongqian , Fang Zhichao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a growing research field, digital humanities (DH) is receiving increasing attention from quantitative science studies using standardized scholarly databases. However, one of the challenges of this new line of research is how to select the query strategy to produce a representative sample of the field. In this research, we analyzed the differences between two publication samples acquired from the Dimensions database using two sampling approaches, namely, a keyword search and a DH journal list. We argue that these two samples offer distinct perspectives on the conceptual landscape of digital humanities, namely, implicit DH and explicit DH, and contribute to building a more comprehensive representation of the DH research domain. We identified notable differences between the publication samples from these two query strategies, especially the fact that these two samples have a very small overlap of publications, and they also have different disciplinary orientations. Our findings indicate that future quantitative studies analyzing DH publications should use more inclusive methods to cover both the implicit and explicit types of DH contributions. Moreover, we also discussed how our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the disciplinary composition of DH, an interdisciplinary research field.
The Tang Dynasty Origins of Song Technocracy
Authors: Hartman Charles 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The influential Naitō-Hartwell hypothesis of middle period Chinese history posits an economic and social transformation from the aristocratic-led early Tang (618–907 CE) period to the literati and gentry-led governance of Song (960–1279 CE). Fundamental to this thesis is the drastic economic expansion that unfolded during these centuries. However, scholars have devoted less attention to how these larger economic and demographic trends relate to both continuity and change in the monarchies of this period. In the aftermath of the An Lushan 安祿山 (753–763 CE) rebellion, the Six Dynasties (220–589 CE) and early Tang conception of emperorship as a ritual primus inter pares among aristocratic peers gave way to a new conception of the monarchy as the command center of a technocratic corporation. This article describes the late Tang and Five Dynasties (907–979 CE) institutional and political structures that the Song founders, descendants of the independent and entrepreneurial Hebei military administrators of the ninth century, inherited and adapted to develop this new model of imperial governance. As the Song moved into the eleventh century, only this new entrepreneurial monarchy, an imperial technocracy, possessed the administrative capacity and technological competencies necessary to capitalize and harness the period’s transformative economic forces.
A Torah Manuscript from Iran from the End of the Fifteenth Century with Haftarot and Psalms
Authors: Kolodni Orlit 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes a paper manuscript, containing the Pentateuch, Haftarot and Psalms. Only five medieval Persian Pentateuch manuscripts have survived, four from the fifteenth century and one from the sixteenth century. The selected manuscript is one of the four surviving manuscripts from the fifteenth century (1483–1484). It is the earliest surviving manuscript from Iran from the Middle Ages that includes the Pentateuch, the Haftarot, and the Psalms with vowel points, accents, Masorah magna and parva. A comparison of the manuscript with the Aleppo Codex and with five traditions from different regions (accurate Oriental Masoretic codices, Yemenite manuscripts, Sefardi manuscripts, Ashkenazi manuscripts, and Italian manuscripts) shows that this fifteenth-century manuscript written in Central Asia preserves and represents an ancient tradition with respect to the text, sections, and the Songs that is similar to the accurate Oriental Masoretic Pentateuchs. Our manuscript is witness to an ancient tradition that preserves a very accurate text in the Iranian region, and is close to the Aleppo Codex, and similar to Oriental manuscripts of the tenth and eleventh centuries written in the East, without alternate traditions that corrupted the text.
A Postlaunch Update on the Effects of Instrumental Measurement Errors on SWOT Estimates of Sea Surface Height, Velocity, and Vorticity
Authors: Chelton Dudley B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Ka-band radar interferometer (KaRIn) on the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite that was launched in December 2022 is providing the first two-dimensional altimetric views of sea surface height (SSH). Measurements are made across two parallel swaths of 50-km width separated by a 20-km gap. In the data product that will be used for most oceanographic applications, SSH estimates with a footprint diameter of about 3 km are provided on a 2 km × 2 km grid. Early analyses of in-flight KaRIn data conclude that the instrumental noise for this footprint diameter has a standard deviation less than σ3km = 0.40 cm for conditions of 2-m significant wave height. This is a factor of 2.3 better than the prelaunch expectation based on the science requirement specification. The SSH fields measured by KaRIn allow the first satellite estimates of essentially instantaneous surface current velocity and vorticity computed geostrophically from SSH. The effects of instrumental noise on smoothed estimates of velocity and vorticity based on early postlaunch assessments are quantified here as functions of the half-power filter cutoff wavelength of the smoothing. Signal-to-noise ratios for smoothed estimates of velocity and vorticity are determined from simulated noisy KaRIn data derived from a high-resolution numerical model of the California Current System. The wavelength resolution capabilities for σ3km = 0.40 cm are found to be about 17 and 35 km for velocity and vorticity, respectively, which correspond to feature diameters of about 8.5 and 17.5 km, and are better than the prelaunch expectations by about 45% and 35%.
Prevalence and characterization of anti-VWF antibodies in a population of patients with type 3 VWD
Authors: Perry Crystal L. , Christopherson Pamela A. , Agostini Tina A. , Haberichter Sandra L. , Montgomery Robert R. , Flood Veronica H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
von Willebrand disease (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by quantitative or qualitative defects in the von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein. Type 3 VWD has a severe bleeding phenotype caused by the absence of VWF, in which treatment usually involves replacement therapy with VWF-containing products. The immune system can react to the VWF product and form anti-VWF antibodies to neutralize or clear the VWF, which can compromise efficacy of treatment or lead to anaphylaxis. Current diagnostic testing is limited to the detection of anti-VWF antibodies that neutralize VWF binding to platelets by using a ristocetin cofactor assay. We set out to develop assays to identify both neutralizing and nonneutralizing antibodies to screen, quantify, and characterize anti-VWF antibodies in samples from the Zimmerman Program, a large multicenter study of patients with VWD. We detected anti-VWF immunoglobulin G (IgG) or IgM antibodies in 18% of 49 unrelated individuals with type 3 VWD. The antibodies ranged in concentration and consisted of 33% nonneutralizing and 67% neutralizing to factor VIII, collagen III, platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha (GPIbα), and/or collagen IV binding. Of the positive type 3 VWD samples, 8 of 9 were IgG, which were further subclassified into mostly IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies. Through a series of testing methods, we identified VWF-specific antibodies in 9 unrelated individuals with type 3 VWD with varying demographics, bleeding phenotypes, and genetic variants. This anti-VWF antibody testing strategy provides a useful tool to assess risk and better navigate treatment options for patients with type 3 VWD.
Multi-Objective Optimization of the Ultrasonic Scalpel Rod and Tip with Improved Performance: Vibration Frequency, Amplitude, and Service Life
Authors: Zhao Jiaqi , Zhai Yuhao , Jia Xuzhe , Deng Naiwen , Li Kunxu , Han Guangchao , Chen Rong , Wang Dong , Bai Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltrasonic scalpel design for minimally invasive surgical procedures is mainly focused on optimizing cutting performance. However, an important issue is the low fatigue life of traditional ultrasonic scalpels, which affects their long-term reliability and effectiveness and creates hidden dangers for surgery. In this study, a multi-objective optimal design for the cutting performance and fatigue life of ultrasonic scalpels was proposed using finite element analysis and fatigue simulation. The optimal design parameters of resonance frequency and amplitude were determined. By setting the transition fillet and keeping the gain structure away from the node position to enable the scalpel to have a high service life with excellent cutting performance. The frequency modulation method of setting the vibration node bosses at the node position and setting the vibration antinode grooves at the antinode position was compared. Then, the mechanism of the influence of various design elements, such as tip, shank, node position, and antinode position, on the resonance frequency, amplitude, and fatigue life of the ultrasonic scalpel was analyzed, and the optimal design principles of the ultrasonic scalpel were obtained. The proposed ultrasonic scalpel design was confirmed by simulations, impedance measurements, and liver tissue cutting experiments, demonstrating its feasibility and enhanced performance. This research introduces innovative design strategies to improve the fatigue life and performance of ultrasonic scalpels to address an important issue in minimally invasive surgery.
Perfusion and pulsatile pressure: their relationship with target organ damage in the African-PREDICT study
Authors: Rooi Donavan , Botha-Le Roux Shani , Breet Yolandi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for subclinical target-organ damage (TOD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Little is known about the relationship between different pressure measures and subclinical TOD, especially in young populations. We compared the strength of associations of subclinical TOD markers with perfusion and pulsatile pressure in young adults.

Methods
A total of 1 187 young adults from the African-PREDICT study were included. Ambulatory mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP) was obtained. Markers of subclinical TOD were measured and included left ventricular mass index (LVMi), carotid intimamedia thickness (cIMT), carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) and albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR).

Results
Measures of sub-clinical TOD (cIMT, cfPWV and CRAE), associated stronger with perfusion pressure (all p < 0.001) than pulsatile pressure in unadjusted models. Stronger associations were found between cfPWV (adjusted R2 = 0.26), CRAE (adjusted R2 = 0.12) and perfusion pressure (all p ≤ 0.001) than pulsatile pressure independent of several non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors.

Conclusions
In young, healthy adults, perfusion pressure is more strongly associated with subclinical TOD markers than pulsatile pressure. These findings contribute to the understanding of the development of early cardiovascular changes and may guide future intervention strategies.
Investigating the relationship between aging perception and self-efficacy in the older adults: a cross-sectional study in Eastern Iran
Authors: Arjmand-sangani Mohsen , Sharifzadeh Gholamreza , Soltani Narges , Torshizi Marzieh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
With the global increase in the older adults population, understanding factors that impact their quality of life is crucial. The perception of aging and self-efficacy are significant factors affecting older adults health outcomes. This descriptive cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between Aging Perception and self-efficacyamong older adults individuals in Birjand city, a demographic that is rapidly increasing but under-research.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to September 2023 on 400 older adults individuals in Birjand city. Participants were selected using a random sampling method from four regions, ensuring a representative sample. Data were collected through two main questionnaires: the Shortened Perceived Aging Questionnaire (SPAQ) and the General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSE), both validated for the Persian-speaking population. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS SOFTWARE. ARMONK, NY: IBM CORP. version 26, employing nonparametric tests due to the non-normal distribution of data.

Results
The study found a strong positive correlation between Aging Perception and self-efficacy (Spearman’s R = 0.79, p < 0.001), indicating that a more positive perception of aging is associated with higher self-efficacy. The analysis also revealed that men generally reported a more positive perception of aging and higher self-efficacy compared to women. However, underlying diseases and marital status did not significantly affect the Aging Perception or self-efficacy scores.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that enhancing self-efficacy among the older adults could improve their perception of aging, potentially leading to better health outcomes and quality of life. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions that consider cultural and gender-specific factors. Further research using longitudinal designs is recommended to explore the causality between Aging Perception and self-efficacy and to confirm these findings across different regions and cultural backgrounds in Iran.
Analysis of early warning indicators of death in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
Authors: Yang Mianyu , Yin Ming , Hou Bingmei , Zhou Lijuan , Wang Jiling , Zhao Zonghao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Since its discovery, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has been characterized by rapid progression and poor prognosis, and no specific treatment is available. The aim of this study was to investigate the early warning indicators of mortality in SFTS patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The study subjects were patients who were admitted to the hospital with a confirmed diagnosis of SFTS from January 2023 to October 2023, and their clinical symptoms and signs at the time of admission, as well as the laboratory indexes of the first blood collection after admission were collected, grouped according to the prognosis, and statistically analyzed.

Results
A total of 141 patients were collected, of which 27 patients died and 114 patients were in the survival group. Through statistical analysis, patients with combined hemorrhagic manifestations, disturbance of consciousness, lymphopenia, elevated lipase, and prolonged thrombin time on admission were independent risk factors for patients’ death. By plotting the working characteristic curve of the subjects, as well as calculating the area under the curve, the results showed that the AUC of lymphopenia count was 0.670, 95% CI (0.563–0.776), P = 0.006; the AUC of elevated serum lipase index was 0.789, 95% CI (0.699–0.878), p < 0.001; the AUC of prolonged thrombin time was 0.749, 95% CI (0.645–0.854), p < 0.001.

Conclusion
Patients with hemorrhagic manifestations, disturbance of consciousness, lymphocyte reduction, elevated serum lipase, and prolonged thrombin time on admission are more worthy of the clinician’s attention, and require early and effective interventions to avoid further disease progression.
Epidemiological distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and associated factors among patients with esophageal carcinoma at Bugando medical center in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Ndemela Lilian M. , Ottoman Oscar M. , Chitemo Heaven D. , Minja Caroline Anold , Rambau Peter F. , Kidenya Benson R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Esophageal carcinoma is a growing concern in regions that have a high incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection such as East Africa. HPV, particularly the high-risk genotypes, is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for esophageal carcinoma. We set out to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of high-risk HPV in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks with esophageal carcinoma at Bugando Medical Center, a tertiary referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania, East Africa.

Methods
A total of 118 esophageal carcinoma FFPE tissue blocks, collected from January 2021 to December 2022, were analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from these tissues, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect HPV using degenerate primers for the L1 region and type-specific primers for detecting HPV16, HPV18, and other high-risk HPV genotypes. Data were collected using questionnaires and factors associated with high-risk HPV genotypes were analyzed using STATA version 15 software.

Results
Of the 118 patients’ samples investigated, the mean age was 58.3 ± 13.4 years with a range of 29–88 years. The majority of the tissue blocks were from male patients 81/118 (68.7%), and most of them were from patients residing in Mwanza region 44/118 (37.3%). Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) was the predominant histological type 107/118 (91.0%). Almost half of the tissue blocks 63/118 (53.3%) tested positive for high-risk HPV. Among these, HPV genotype 16 (HPV16) was the most common 41/63 (65.1%), followed by HPV genotype 18 (HPV18) 15/63 (23.8%), and the rest were other high-risk HPV genotypes detected by the degenerate primers 7/63 (11.1%). The factors associated with high-risk HPV genotypes were cigarette smoking (p-value < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion
A substantial number of esophageal carcinomas from Bugando Medical Center in Tanzania tested positive for HPV, with HPV genotype 16 being the most prevalent. This study also revealed a significant association between HPV status and cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. These findings provide important insights into the role of high-risk HPV in esophageal carcinoma in this region.
ADH4—a potential prognostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma with possible immune-related implications
Authors: Li Ling , Huang Yong-ta , Wang Li-ting , Wang Xiao-ling , Chen Zhen-yu , Jiang Shao-lan , Zeng Qiu-ling , Huang Hui-pin , Li Xiao-long 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to explore ADH4 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its prognostic impact, and its immune correlation to provide novel insights into HCC prognostication and treatment.

Methods
HCC prognostic marker genes were rigorously selected using GEO database, Lasso regression, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier and pROC analyses. The expression of interested markers (ADH4, DNASE1L3, RDH16, LCAT, HGFAC) in HCC and adjacent tissues was assessed by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). We observed that ADH4 exhibited low expression levels in liver cancer tissues and high expression levels in normal liver tissues. However, the remaining four genes did not manifest any statistically significant differences between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and adjacent non-cancerous tissue. Consequently, ADH4 became the primary focus of our research. ADH4 expression was validated by signed-rank tests and unpaired Wilcoxon rank sum tests across pan-cancer and HCC datasets. Clinical significance and associations with clinicopathological variables were determined using Kaplan-Meier, logistic regression and Cox analyses on TCGA data. The ADH4-related immune responses were explored by Spearman correlation analysis using TIMER2 data. CD68, CD4, and CD19 protein levels were confirmed by IHC in HCC and non-cancerous tissues.

Results
ADH4 showed significant downregulation in various cancers, particularly in HCC. Moreover, low ADH4 expression was associated with clinicopathological variables and served as an independent prognostic marker for HCC patients. Additionally, ADH4 affects a variety of biochemical functions and may influence cancer development, prognosis, and treatment by binding to immune cells. Furthermore, at the immune level, the low expression pattern of ADH4 is TME-specific, indicating that ADH4 has the potential to be used as a target for cancer immunotherapy.

Conclusion
This study highlights the diagnostic, prognostic and immunomodulatory roles of ADH4 in HCC. ADH4 could serve as a valuable biomarker for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a potential target for immunotherapeutic interventions.