bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuber Blight Development in Potato Cultivars in Response to Different Genotypes of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Rojas Jorge Alejandro , Kirk William W. , Gachango Esther , Douches David S. , Hanson Linda E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMigrations or introduction of new genotypes of Phytophthora infestans to a specific region imposes a different perspective for potato production. During 2009–2010, a late blight epidemic affected the Northeastern United States, which quickly spread through several states. The epidemic was characterized by the appearance of a new genotype of P. infestans designated US‐22, which was isolated from tomato and potato. Potato tubers are an essential component of late blight epidemics where the pathogen cannot overwinter on Solanaceous plants. Six potato cultivars were inoculated with 12 isolates of P. infestans (five different genotypes), including isolates of the genotype US‐22. Tuber blight development was characterized in terms of tissue darkening expressed as area under the disease progress curve values and lenticel infection. The responses indicated that US‐8 was more aggressive than US‐22, but US‐22 isolates obtained from potato were more aggressive on potato than those acquired from tomato. Tuber periderm responses to infection were limited, yet US‐8 isolates infected the periderm more often than US‐22 isolates. There were significant differences among the cultivars tested but cv. Jacqueline Lee was the most resistant overall. Although isolates of P. infestans genotype US‐22 were less aggressive in comparison with US‐8 isolates, US‐22 isolates still infected potato tubers and were as aggressive us US‐8 isolates on some cultivars. Management of late blight caused by isolates of US‐22 through host resistance may be feasible but imposes a different set of criteria for consideration from those that US‐8 imposed.
The diet of adult psittacids: veterinarian and ethological approaches
Authors: Péron F. , Grosset C. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryParrots species are kept as pets because of their colours, their vocal abilities, their longevity and also their behaviours. Nevertheless, many owners do not know how to feed their bird in a healthy way and sometimes veterinarians and ethologists are confronted to dramatic situations. Diet is a key factor to prevent and reduce health and psychogenic disorders. Imbalance can lead to physical, physiological and behavioural modifications that can weaken the owner–bird relationship, cause bird discomfort and sometimes threaten its survival. Psittacids are known for their complex cognitive and communicative abilities. They are social animals and need many interactions. Kept in captivity, they could suffer from boredom because of lack of stimulations and also because of lack of possibility to explore and to forage, which could represent up to 70% of their day time in the wild. Indeed, humans control every parameter in the environment of pet psittacids. They provide a highly digestible diet. In captivity, foraging is not mandatory, and the bird can get bored. Here, we present a review of the literature regarding the quality of the diet and health disorders on one hand and the interaction between foraging opportunities and psychogenic disorders in adult psittacids on the other hand.
Impact of the blood sampling site on time–concentration drug profiles following intravenous or buccal drug administration
Authors: Hedges A. R. , Pypendop B. H. , Shilo Y. , Stanley S. D. , Ilkiw J. E. 
Published: July 2013

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the sampling site on the drug concentration–time profile, following intravenous or buccal (often called ‘oral transmucosal’) drug administration. Buprenorphine (20 μg/kg) was administered IV or buccally to six cats. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery and the jugular and medial saphenous veins for 24 h following buprenorphine administration. Buprenorphine concentration–time data were examined using noncompartmental analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, applying the Bonferroni correction. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Following IV administration, no difference among the sampling sites was found. Following buccal administration, maximum concentration [jugular: 6.3 (2.9–9.8), carotid: 3.4 (1.9–4.9), medial saphenous: 2.5 (1.7–4.1) ng/mL], area under the curve [jugular: 395 (335–747), carotid: 278 (214–693), medial saphenous: 255 (188–608) ng·min/mL], and bioavailability [jugular: 47 (34–67), carotid: 32 (20–52), medial saphenous: 23 (16–55)%] were higher in the jugular vein than in the carotid artery and medial saphenous vein. Jugular venous blood sampling is not an acceptable substitute for arterial blood sampling following buccal drug administration.
Forgotten, not neglected: viral hepatitis in resource‐limited settings, recall for action
Authors: Lemoine Maud , Thursz Mark , Njie Ramou , Dusheiko Geoffrey 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 2010, the World Health Assembly adopted a resolution calling for interventions for the prevention and control of chronic viral hepatitis. These infectious diseases mostly affect resource‐limited countries accounting for 80% of the world's population and facing numerous obstacles to contain the epidemic. At a time when morbidity and mortality of chronic liver disease have been considerably improved in wealthy countries by new innovative strategies and new potent antiviral drugs, it is now urgent to recall for concrete actions from stakeholders of global health policy to reduce the burden in resource‐limited countries.
Challenges in detecting olivine on the surface of 4 Vesta
Authors: Beck Andrew W. , McCoy Timothy J. , Sunshine Jessica M. , Viviano Christina E. , Corrigan Catherine M. , Hiroi Takahiro , Mayne Rhiannon G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIdentifying and mapping olivine on asteroid 4 Vesta are important components to understanding differentiation on that body, which is one of the objectives of the Dawn mission. Harzburgitic diogenites are the main olivine‐bearing lithology in the howardite‐eucrite‐diogenite (HED) meteorites, a group of samples thought to originate from Vesta. Here, we examine all the Antarctic harzburgites and estimate that, on scales resolvable by Dawn, olivine abundances in putative harzburgite exposures on the surface of Vesta are likely at best in the 10–30% range, but probably lower due to impact mixing. We examine the visible/near‐infrared spectra of two harzburgitic diogenites representative of the 10–30% olivine range and demonstrate that they are spectrally indistinguishable from orthopyroxenitic diogenites, the dominant diogenitic lithology in the HED group. This suggests that the visible/near‐infrared spectrometer onboard Dawn (VIR) will be unable to resolve harzburgites from orthopyroxenites on the surface of Vesta, which may explain the current lack of identification of harzburgitic diogenite on Vesta.
Evidence for a host role in thermotolerance divergence between populations of the mustard hill coral (Porites astreoides) from different reef environments
Authors: Kenkel C. D. , Goodbody‐Gringley G. , Caillaud D. , Davies S. W. , Bartels E. , Matz M. V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStudying the mechanisms that enable coral populations to inhabit spatially varying thermal environments can help evaluate how they will respond in time to the effects of global climate change and elucidate the evolutionary forces that enable or constrain adaptation. Inshore reefs in the Florida Keys experience higher temperatures than offshore reefs for prolonged periods during the summer. We conducted a common garden experiment with heat stress as our selective agent to test for local thermal adaptation in corals from inshore and offshore reefs. We show that inshore corals are more tolerant of a 6‐week temperature stress than offshore corals. Compared with inshore corals, offshore corals in the 31 °C treatment showed significantly elevated bleaching levels concomitant with a tendency towards reduced growth. In addition, dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodinium sp.) of offshore corals exhibited reduced photosynthetic efficiency. We did not detect differences in the frequencies of major (>5%) haplotypes comprising Symbiodinium communities hosted by inshore and offshore corals, nor did we observe frequency shifts (‘shuffling’) in response to thermal stress. Instead, coral host populations showed significant genetic divergence between inshore and offshore reefs, suggesting that in Porites astreoides, the coral host might play a prominent role in holobiont thermotolerance. Our results demonstrate that coral populations inhabiting reefs <10‐km apart can exhibit substantial differences in their physiological response to thermal stress, which could impact their population dynamics under climate change.
Collembola, the biological species concept and the underestimation of global species richness
Authors: Cicconardi Francesco , Fanciulli Pietro P. , Emerson Brent C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDespite its ancient origin, global distribution and abundance in nearly all habitats, the class Collembola is comprised of only 8000 described species and is estimated to number no more than 50 000. Many morphologically defined species have broad geographical ranges that span continents, and recent molecular work has revealed high genetic diversity within species. However, the evolutionary significance of this genetic diversity is unknown. In this study, we sample five morphological species of the globally distributed genus Lepidocyrtus from 14 Panamanian sampling sites to characterize genetic diversity and test morphospecies against the biological species concept. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data were analysed and a total of 58 molecular lineages revealed. Deep lineage diversification was recovered, with 30 molecular lineages estimated to have established more than 10 million years ago, and the origin almost all contemporary lineages preceding the onset of the Pleistocene (~2 Mya). Thirty‐four lineages were sampled in sympatry revealing unambiguous cosegregation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation, consistent with biological species. Species richness within the class Collembola and the geographical structure of this diversity are substantially misrepresented components of terrestrial animal biodiversity. We speculate that global species richness of Collembola could be at least an order of magnitude greater than a previous estimate of 50 000 species.
High‐throughput amplicon sequencing of rRNA genes requires a copy number correction to accurately reflect the effects of management practices on soil nematode community structure
Authors: Darby B. J. , Todd T. C. , Herman M. A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNematodes are abundant consumers in grassland soils, but more sensitive and specific methods of enumeration are needed to improve our understanding of how different nematode species affect, and are affected by, ecosystem processes. High‐throughput amplicon sequencing is used to enumerate microbial and invertebrate communities at a high level of taxonomic resolution, but the method requires validation against traditional specimen‐based morphological identifications. To investigate the consistency between these approaches, we enumerated nematodes from a 25‐year field experiment using both morphological and molecular identification techniques in order to determine the long‐term effects of annual burning and nitrogen enrichment on soil nematode communities. Family‐level frequencies based on amplicon sequencing were not initially consistent with specimen‐based counts, but correction for differences in rRNA gene copy number using a genetic algorithm improved quantitative accuracy. Multivariate analysis of corrected sequence‐based abundances of nematode families was consistent with, but not identical to, analysis of specimen‐based counts. In both cases, herbivores, fungivores and predator/omnivores generally were more abundant in burned than nonburned plots, while bacterivores generally were more abundant in nonburned or nitrogen‐enriched plots. Discriminate analysis of sequence‐based abundances identified putative indicator species representing each trophic group. We conclude that high‐throughput amplicon sequencing can be a valuable method for characterizing nematode communities at high taxonomic resolution as long as rRNA gene copy number variation is accounted for and accurate sequence databases are available.
MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry identification of filamentous fungi in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Ranque Stéphane , Normand Anne‐Cécile , Cassagne Carole , Murat Jean‐Benjamin , Bourgeois Nathalie , Dalle Frédéric , Gari‐Toussaint Martine , Fourquet Patrick , Hendrickx Marijke , Piarroux Renaud 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to validate the effectiveness of a standardised procedure for the MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry (MS)‐based identification on a large sample of filamentous fungi routinely identified in university hospitals' laboratories. Non‐dermatophyte filamentous fungi prospectively isolated in the routine activity of five teaching hospitals in France were first identified by conventional methods in each laboratory and then by MS in one centre. DNA sequence‐based identification resolved discrepancies between both methods. In this study, of the 625 analysed filamentous fungi of 58 species, 501 (80%) and 556 (89%) were correctly identified by conventional methods and MS respectively. Compared with the conventional method, MS dramatically enhanced the performance of the identification of the non‐Aspergillus filamentous fungi with a 31–61% increase in correct identification rate. In conclusion, this study on a large sample of clinical filamentous fungi taxa demonstrates that species identification is significantly improved by MS compared with the conventional method. The main limitation is that MS identification is possible only if the species is included in the reference spectra library. Nevertheless, for the routine clinical laboratory, MS provides the means to attain markedly accurate results in filamentous fungi identification, which was previously restricted to only a few reference laboratories.
Gastric electrical stimulation with Enterra therapy improves symptoms of idiopathic gastroparesis
Authors: McCallum R. W. , Sarosiek I. , Parkman H. P. , Snape W. , Brody F. , Wo J. , Nowak T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundGastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a therapeutic option for intractable symptoms of gastroparesis (GP). Idiopathic GP (ID‐GP) represents a subset of GP. AIMS: A prospective, multicenter, double‐blinded, randomized, crossover study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Enterra GES in the treatment of chronic vomiting in ID‐GP.MethodsThirty‐two ID‐GP subjects (mean age 39; 81% F, mean 7.7 years of GP) were implanted with GES. The stimulator was turned ON for 1½ months followed by double‐blind randomization to consecutive 3‐month crossover periods with the device either ON or OFF. ON stimulation was followed in unblinded fashion for another 4.5 months. Twenty‐five subjects completed the crossover phase and 21 finished 1 year of follow‐up.Key ResultsDuring the unblinded ON period, there was a reduction in weekly vomiting frequency (WVF) from baseline (61.2%, P < 0.001). There was a non‐significant reduction in WVF between ON vs OFF periods (the primary outcome) with median reduction of 17% (P > 0.10). Seventy‐five percent of patients preferred the ON vs OFF period (P = 0.021). At 1 year, WVF remained decreased (median reduction = 87%, P < 0.001), accompanied by improvements in GP symptoms, gastric emptying and days of hospitalization (P < 0.05).Conclusions & Inferences(i) In this prospective study of Enterra GES for ID‐GP, there was a reduction in vomiting during the initial ON period; (ii) The double‐blind 3‐month periods showed a non‐significant reduction in vomiting in the ON vs OFF period, the primary outcome variable; (iii) At 12 months with ON stimulation, there was a sustained decrease in vomiting and days of hospitalizations.
Non‐transplantation surgical approach for chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction: analysis of 63 adult consecutive cases
Authors: Sabbagh C. , Amiot A. , Maggiori L. , Corcos O. , Joly F. , Panis Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) is a recurrent disorder caused by intestinal dysmotility. Although, CIPO is not a surgically remediable condition, surgery is a common issue in CIPO patients. The aim of this study was to assess postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients operated on for CIPO and risk of re‐operation.MethodsAdult patients that have undergone surgery for CIPO since 1980 were included in this retrospective study using a prospective database. Postoperative morbidity, according to Clavien‐Dindo classification and CIPO‐related re‐operation rates were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analysis.Key ResultsSixty‐three patients (33 women, median age 37 [range: 15–79] years) were included. Median follow‐up was 6 (0.2–28) years. Overall postoperative mortality rate was 7.9%. Overall morbidity rate was 58.2% (Clavien‐Dindo ≥3 in 20.7%) leading to re‐operation in 17% of cases. In multivariate analysis, major postoperative morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo ≥3) was significantly increased when there was an intraoperative bowel injury (HR = 15.7 [2.4–102], P = 0.004), idiopathic CIPO (HR = 4.2 [1.5–12], P = 0.007) and emergency procedure (HR = 3 [1.3–6.8]. After the first surgery, probabilities of CIPO‐related re‐operation were 44%, 60%, and 66% at 1, 3, and 5 years respectively. In multivariate analysis, CIPO‐related reoperation for CIPO was significantly increased when there was a major postoperative morbidity (HR = 2.1 [1.1–4.4], P = 0.040) and intraoperative bowel injury (HR = 33.1 [2–553], P = 0.015) after the first procedure.Conclusions & InferencesThe surgical management of CIPO patients was associated with high postoperative morbidity and mortality rates and frequent re‐operation. Attempts should be made to avoid surgery when possible and optimize nutritional status.
The great opportunity to view stasis with an ecological lens
Authors: Dietl Gregory P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA major challenge facing conservation biology today is predicting how often species will be able to adapt to environmental change. We need to know which, and under what environmental conditions, ecologically important traits are likely to evolve and keep species in the evolutionary game. Conservation biologists currently lack enough data across a broad range of traits and taxa to address this problem, which impedes the development of scenarios of possible adaptive management responses. HereIoutline how trait‐based data and methods that palaeobiologists use to address the long‐term dynamics of evolving lineages can be applied to address this challenge. We need an impassioned community‐wide effort to view evolutionary stasis with an ecological lens.
Novel bioresources for studies of Brassica oleracea: identification of a kale MYB transcription factor responsible for glucosinolate production
Authors: Araki Ryoichi , Hasumi Akiko , Nishizawa Osamu Ishizaki , Sasaki Katsunori , Kuwahara Ayuko , Sawada Yuji , Totoki Yasushi , Toyoda Atsushi , Sakaki Yoshiyuki , Li Yimeng , Saito Kazuki , Ogawa Toshiya , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPlants belonging to the Brassicaceae family exhibit species‐specific profiles of glucosinolates (GSLs), a class of defence compounds against pathogens and insects. GSLs also exhibit various human health–promoting properties. Among them, glucoraphanin (aliphatic 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl GSL) has attracted the most attention because it hydrolyses to form a potent anticancer compound. Increased interest in developing commercial varieties of Brassicaceae crops with desirable GSL profiles has led to attempts to identify genes that are potentially valuable for controlling GSL biosynthesis. However, little attention has been focused on genes of kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala). In this study, we established full‐length kale cDNA libraries containing 59 904 clones, which were used to generate an expressed sequence tag (EST) data set with 119 204 entries. The EST data set clarified genes related to the GSL biosynthesis pathway in kale. We specifically focused on BoMYB29, a homolog of Arabidopsis MYB29/PMG2/HAG3, not only to characterize its function but also to demonstrate its usability as a biological resource. BoMYB29 overexpression in wild‐type Arabidopsis enhanced the expression of aliphatic GSL biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of aliphatic GSLs. When expressed in the myb28myb29 mutant, which exhibited no detectable aliphatic GSLs, BoMYB29 restored the expression of biosynthetic genes and aliphatic GSL accumulation. Interestingly, the ratio of methylsulphinyl GSL content, including glucoraphanin, to that of methylthio GSLs was greatly increased, indicating the suitability of BoMYB29 as a regulator for increasing methylsulphinyl GSL content. Our results indicate that these biological resources can facilitate further identification of genes useful for modifications of GSL profiles and accumulation in kale.
Sharing the Air, the Legal and Ethical Considerations of Extending Tobacco Legislation to Include Multiunit Dwellings in Alberta
Authors: Stooke Victoria D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study explores the legal and ethical considerations of extending tobacco legislation to include multiunit dwellings (MUDs) in Alberta and the implications for public health nursing practice. The tobacco legislation in Canada currently protects individuals in public places and not private dwellings. In Alberta, there are over 1 million individuals living in MUDs who are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Children are particularly vulnerable to the negative health effects. As well, many apartment fires in Alberta are related to smoking which makes expanding tobacco legislation to include MUDs an important public health issue. There are many potential barriers to the adoption of this tobacco legislation including legal, ethical, and civil rights concerns, and the bureaucracy of the political process. This study articulates the position that it is both legal and ethical to expand provincial tobacco legislation to include MUDs after the consideration of individual civil rights and using the Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Registered Nurses (2008) as a guide for practice. Public health nurses must advocate for a change in the current legislation by becoming politically active and building community capacity to demonstrate accountability and promote social justice.
Reliability of theERNacross multiple tasks as a function of increasing errors
Authors: Meyer Alexandria , Riesel Anja , Proudfit Greg Hajcak 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEvent‐related potential (ERP) studies of error‐processing have characterized the error‐related negativity (ERN) as a negative deflection occurring after the commission of an error at frontocentral sites. TheERNhas frequently been examined in the context of individual differences and has been proposed as a neurobehavioral risk marker. Given this, it is important to characterize the psychometric properties of theERNacross multiple tasks as a function of increasing trial numbers in order to establish task‐specific psychometric properties for efficient assessments in clinical or applied settings. The current study examines the internal reliability of theERNacross the flankers, Stroop, and go/no‐go tasks as a function of error number. Results suggest that although the tasks all elicit theERNreliably, important psychometric differences emerged indicating that the flankers task might be prioritized when assessing theERN.