bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Arthritis Referral Study — Phase 2: Analysis of the Comprehensive Arthritis Referral Tool
Authors: Thompson Andrew E. , Haig Sara L. , LeRiche Nicole G.H. , Rohekar Gina , Rohekar Sherry , Pope Janet E. 
Published: September 2014

Objective.Rheumatologists triage referrals to assess those patients who may benefit from early intervention. We describe a referral tool and formally evaluate its sensitivity for urgent and early inflammatory arthritis (EIA) referrals.Methods.All referrals received on a standardized referral tool were reviewed by a rheumatologist and, based on the information conferred, assigned a triage grade using a previously described triage system. Each referral was also dichotomized as suspected EIA or not. After the initial rheumatologic assessment, the diagnosis was recorded and a consultation grade, blinded to referral grade, was assigned to each case. Agreement between referral and consultation grades was assessed. A regression analysis was performed to determine factors that predicted truly urgent referrals including EIA.Results.We evaluated 696 referrals. A total of 210 (30.2%) were categorized as urgent at the time of consultation. The referral tool was able to successfully detect 169 of these referrals (sensitivity 80.5%, specificity 79.4%). EIA occurred in 95 (13.6%); of those referrals, 86 were correctly classified as urgent at the time of triage (sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 69.6%). Items that helped correctly discriminate urgent or EIA referrals included patient age < 60, duration of disease, morning stiffness, patient-reported joint swelling, a personal or family history of psoriasis, urgency as rated by referring physician, prior assessment by a rheumatologist, elevated C-reactive protein, and a positive rheumatoid factor.Conclusion.A 1-page referral tool that includes parts completed by the referring physician and patient has good sensitivity to detect urgent referrals including EIA.
Nietzsche on Friendship
Authors: Robert C. Miner 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
In this analysis of his thought on friendship, I begin first by arguing that for Nietzsche friendship is undesirableor impossible with or between four human types. Insight on this point is valuable, because it provides clear vision of what friendship is not. Second, I will argue that Nietzsche takes superior friendship to be possible but rare, since itrequires its participants to balance three pairs of opposing qualities that are difficult to keep in equilibrium. Third, I will show that Nietzsche takes friendship in its highest form to aim at a goal, appropriately named “truth.” Here I draw upon both “middle-period” texts and Beyond Good and Evil, the latter to show that a concern for friendship pervadesNietzsche’s oeuvre. Fourth, I show that Nietzsche differs most from ancient authors in his uncompromising insistence that if friendship is to serve truth rather than comfort or illusion, it is necessarily agonistic. A final section argues that if true friendship is to be nourished rather than destroyed by opposition, the virtue of “sympathy” must be present. Sympathy in Nietzsche’s sense cannot be conflated with pity, since it is related to the “shared joy” that he identifies as the crown of friendship.
The Origin and Early Context of the Revaluation Theme in Nietzsche’s Thinking
Authors: Brobjer Thomas H. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
Most commentators have assumed that the revaluation theme belongs exclusively to the late Nietzsche (from Thus Spoke Zarathustra and onward); often its origin is dated to 1886 or 1884. After examining Nietzsche’s notes, I argue that its origin occurred in 1880-81. I discuss its rather complex context at this time, with no single obvious thematic textual context outweighing all the others, and consider some of the consequences of this early dating. I furthermore examine the end of the literary revaluation project, concluding that Nietzsche regarded it as an unfinished four-volume project at least until shortly before his mental collapse.
TOXICIDADE AGUDA E CRÔNICA DO EXTRATO DE NIM (Azadirachta indica) PARA Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: BOTELHO RAFAEL GROSSI , INAFUKU MARÍLIA MITIE , MARANHO LUCINEIDE APARECIDA , NETO LUIS MACHADO , DE OLINDA RICARDO ALVES , DIAS CARLOS TADEU , TORNISIELO VALDEMAR LUIS 
Published: September 2014

A preocupação com as questões ambientais tem levado ao crescimento de pesquisas relacionadas aos compostos com potencial no controle de pragas na agricultura, direcionando alternativas que minimizem os impactos ao ambiente. Nesse sentido acredita-se que a utilização de produtos proveniente de plantas possa representar opção eficaz para o controle de pragas com menor risco ambiental. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a toxicidade aguda e crônica de uma formulação comercial de nim para Ceriodaphnia dubia. A CE 50 (48h) determinada foi de 0,032 mL·L-1, e os valores de CENO, CEO e VC foram respectivamente em mL·L-1: 0,004; 0,008 e 0,006. Os testes de toxicidade mostraram efeitos do produto tanto na mobilidade como na reprodução de C. dubia.
A case of primitive non-neural granular cell tumor presenting as a single painless bleeding nodule
Authors: Feci Luca , Miracco Clelia , Fimiani Michele , Rubegni Pietro 
Published: September 2014

Primitive non-neural granular cell tumor is a rare tumor of uncertain lineage that clinically presents as a solitary painless nodule most typically on the extremity or trunk of an adult. We report the case of a 20-year-old man with a small reddish papule on the abdomen, measuring about 2 x 3 mm, surrounded by a faint erythematous halo. Dermoscopy examination shows diffuse red color and weak whitish striae. However, only histological and immunohistochemical evaluation allowed us to perform the correct diagnosis.
L’action intelligente d’Yvon Rivard
Authors: Santini Sylvano 
Published: September 2014

Dans les textes qu’il a fait paraître depuis près de vingt ans, Yvon Rivard ne cesse de ressasser la raison des choix qui l’ont amené à se préoccuper de l’autre et à se rapprocher du monde. Ces révélations échoient à l’essai d’une manière toute particulière chez lui en faisant résonner le monde et la voix des autres au point d’écouler sa pensée hors du cadre de sa subjectivité, de son moi. Cet article a pour objectif de rendre compte de ce mouvement de la pensée sous la forme d’une « action intelligente » qui caractérise l’idée essentielle de ses essais et leur mode d’énonciation, et dont Une idée simple (2010) propose la version la plus achevée. Par cette action, les textes de Rivard coïncident aussi bien avec des essais récents sur l’anonymat comme force de résistance positive à la privatisation de l’existence et comme puissance constitutive de la communauté qu’avec l’héritage de la pauvreté qui traverse la littérature et la culture québécoises.
« L’écrivain en habit de travail 1 »
Authors: Nardout-Lafarge Élisabeth 
Published: September 2014

Le déficit de légitimité sociale de la littérature, qui est l’un des consensus de la critique actuelle, ne signifie pas pour autant une relégation de la figure publique de l’écrivain et de sa parole puisque plusieurs journaux continuent de publier, dans les années 1990 et 2000, des chroniques et billets d’auteurs contemporains. Ainsi les hebdomadaires culturels gratuits Ici et Voir reprennent à la presse traditionnelle la pratique de cette collaboration régulière d’un écrivain à un périodique ; dans cette perspective, on s’intéressera à la chronique « Hors champ » que le romancier Nicolas Dickner a tenue à Voir de 2006 à 2012. En observant dans ces quelque deux cents textes brefs, parus pendant six ans, comment se répondent, d’une part le mandat très large que le journal accorde à l’écrivain et, d’autre part, la manière dont Dickner se l’approprie, tant dans une forme qu’il réinvestit que par les sujets qu’il choisit d’aborder, on tentera de montrer à l’oeuvre la construction de l’une des figures de l’écrivain québécois des années 2000 et d’en interroger le sens. On s’attachera notamment aux divers dispositifs analogiques par lesquels le chroniqueur s’efforce de définir son métier et, du même coup, le rôle de la littérature dans la société contemporaine.
Ionospheric response to sudden stratospheric warming events at low and high solar activity
Authors: Fang Tzu‐Wei , Fuller‐Rowell Tim , Wang Houjun , Akmaev Rashid , Wu Fei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe sensitivity of the ionospheric response to a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event has been examined under conditions of low and high solar activity through simulations using the whole atmosphere model (WAM) and the global ionosphere plasmasphere model (GIP). During non‐SSW conditions, simulated daytime mean vertical drifts at the magnetic equator show similar solar activity dependence as an empirical model. Model results of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) and equatorial vertical drift for the January 2009 major SSW, which occurred at very low solar activity conditions, show reasonable agreement with observations. The simulations demonstrate that the E region dynamo is capable of creating the semidiurnal variation of vertical drift. WAM and GIP were also run at high solar activity conditions, using the same lower atmosphere conditions as present in the January 2009 SSW event. The simulations indicate that the amplitude and phase of migrating tides in the dynamo region during the event have similar magnitudes for both solar flux conditions. However, comparing the ionospheric responses to a major SSW under low and high solar activity periods, it was found that the changes in the ionospheric vertical drifts and relative changes in TEC decreased with increasing solar activity. The simulations indicate that the F region dynamo becomes more important throughout the daytime and contributes to the upward drift in the afternoon during the event when the solar activity is higher. Our test simulations also confirm that the increase of the ionospheric conductivity associated with increasing solar activity is responsible for the decrease of vertical drift changes during an SSW. In particular, first, the increase in F region conductivity allows the closure of E region currents through the F region, reducing the polarization electric field before noon. Second, the F region dynamo contributes an upward drift postnoon, maintaining upward drifts till after sunset. The direct changes of the thermospheric wind at higher solar activity due to increased dissipation of the tides from the lower atmosphere are relatively minor and do not contribute greatly to the changes of ionospheric responses in the low‐latitude region.
Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Photocurrent Behavior of Strongly Emissive Boron‐Chelate Heterochrysene Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Hailei , Hong Xiaozhong , Ba Xinwu , Yu Bei , Wen Xin , Wang Sujuan , Wang Xuefei , Liu Lei , Xiao Jinchong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA BPh2‐chelated heterochrysene derivative has been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal analysis of its analogous BF2 complex shows that all carbon and nitrogen atoms are almost in a plane, while the boron atoms twist out of this plane with a torsion angle of 28.796° measured between plane OBN and plane C1–C4–C4′. The BPh2 and BF2 compounds emit strong yellow and green light in methylene chloride with high fluorescence quantum yields, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the thermal stability of both compounds is high. In addition, a photoswitching device was fabricated based on a thin film of the BF2 complex spin‐coated onto single‐walled carbon nanotubes, which produces a steady and reproducible photocurrent response.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfinative Iodination of Sodium Sulfinates and Sulfonyl Hydrazides
Authors: Liu Saiwen , Chen Jinjin , Zhang Ran , Zhao Feng , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed desulfinative iodination of sodium sulfinates and sulfonyl hydrazides with KI or I2 is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions using O2 or air as an environmentally benign oxidant.
Three‐Residue Turn in β‐Peptides Nucleated by a 12/10 Helix
Authors: Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Yadav Thota Anupama , Marumudi Kanakaraju , Thodupunuri Prashanth , Reddy Pothula Purushotham , Kunwar Ajit C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA new three‐residue turn in β peptides nucleated by a 12/10‐mixed helix is presented. In this design, β peptides were derived from the 1:1 alternation of C‐linked carbo‐β‐amino acid ester [BocNH‐(R)‐β‐Caa(r)‐OMe] (Boc=tert‐butyloxycarbonyl), which consisted of a D‐ribo furanoside side chain, and β‐hGly residues. The hexapeptide with (R)‐β‐Caa(r) at the N terminus showed the ‘turn’ stabilized by a 14‐membered NH(4)⋅⋅⋅CO(6) hydrogen bond at the C terminus nucleated by a robust 12/10‐mixed helix, thus providing a ‘helix‐turn’ (HT) motif. The turn and the helix were additionally stabilized by intraresidue electrostatic interaction between the furan oxygen in the carbohydrate side chain and NH in the backbone. However, the hexapeptide with a β‐hGly residue at the N terminus demonstrated the presence of a 10/12 helix through its entire length, which again showed the intraresidue interaction between NH and furan oxygen. The intraresidue NH⋅⋅⋅OMe electrostatic interactions observed in the monomer, however, were absent in the peptides.
Unstrained CarbonCarbon Bond Cleavage
Authors: Liu Hui , Feng Minghao , Jiang Xuefeng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis Focus Review presents recent developments in the cleavage of CC bonds in organic molecules. Significant progress in CC activation, including the development of a variety of new synthetic strategies, has contributed to the development of this field over the past few decades. Transition‐metal‐mediated CC bond cleavage has been shown to be a quite efficient process and several elegant metal‐free methods have also recently been developed. Strained rings have been widely used in CC cleavage transformations; however, unstrained CC activation has increasingly caught the attention of organic researchers, which inspired us to clarify the developments in this field.
Nichtlinearep‐y‐Beziehung von Stahlbetonpfählen und stahlfaserverstärkten Stahlbetonpfählen in mitteldichtem Sand
Authors: Akdag Cihan Taylan , Özden Gürkan , Stopper Juliane 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDas Primärziel der vorliegenden Studie besteht darin, den Einfluss des nichtlinearen Materialverhaltens von Gründungspfählen auf die Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktion zu untersuchen. Dies ist ein Aspekt, der bisher nicht eingehend für Stahlbetonpfähle (RC) erforscht worden ist. Aus diesem Grund wurde ein umfassendes Versuchsprogramm mit RC‐ und stahlfaserverstärkten RC‐Modellpfählen geplant und durchgeführt. Basierend auf Vorkenntnissen zu stahlfaserverstärkten biegebewehrten Modellpfählen (WS‐SFRC) wurde der Stahlfasergehalt auf 1 % festgelegt. Vor den Versuchen zur Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktion wurden Biegeversuche durchgeführt, um die Moment‐Krümmungs‐Beziehung (M‐Φ) der Modellpfähle zu erhalten. Die Wirkung der Pfahlbiegesteifigkeit (EI) auf diep‐y‐Kurven wurde in der Analyse sorgfältig geprüft. Der Einfluss der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Axiallast auf die Pfahl‐Boden‐Interaktion wurde ausgewertet. Es wurde erkannt, dass die Axiallast die Pfahl‐Boden‐Reaktion des RC‐Pfahles signifikant erhöht. Die Belastungsgeschwindigkeit beeinflusst diep‐y‐Kurve des RC‐Pfahles erheblich, während sie geringere Auswirkungen auf diep‐y‐Kurve des stahlfaserverstärkten RC‐Pfahles hat. Eine neue Methodik zur Verbesserung des etablierten Verfahrens zurp‐y‐Kurvenermittlung wird präsentiert, welche die Parameter für die Pfahlflexibilität in diep‐y‐Kurvenermittlung integriert.Nonlinearp‐yrelationships of reinforced concrete and steel fiber added reinforced concrete piles in medium dense sandThe primary goal of this study is to investigate the influence of nonlinear pile material behavior on soil‐pile interaction (SPI), an aspect of SPI which was not studied extensively for reinforced concrete (RC) piles. For this purpose a model pile test program was implemented, which involved testing of RC piles and RC with steel fiber piles. The steel fiber ratio by volume was decided as 1 % based on previous experience. Prior the model pile tests, bending tests were made on flexural elements to obtain the moment‐curvature relationship of piles. Therefore, the influence of pile bending stiffness was taken into consideration in thep‐ycurve analyses. The effects of loading rate and axial load on soil‐pile interaction were evaluated. It is concluded that axial load significantly increases the soil‐pile stiffness of the RC pile. Rate of loading considerably alters thep‐ycurve of RC pile whereas it slightly influences thep‐ycurve of RC with steel fiber pile. A new methodology to improve currently acceptedp‐ycurve establishment procedures is suggested by incorporating pile flexibility parameters into the formulation.
Einsatz und Anwendungsgrenzen von Schneckenbohrpfählen (Auger‐cast‐in‐place Piles – ACIP‐Piles)
Authors: Schäfer René , Belmann Thomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFür die Gründung einer Düngemittelanlage in Port Neal/Iowa wurden durch den Bauherrn Schneckenbohrpfähle (sog. ACIP‐Piles) als Gründungsentwurf vorgegeben. Angesichts der bis in große Tiefen unterhalb des Grundwassers anstehenden, sehr enggestuften, feinkörnigen Sande wurde die Ausführung im Hinblick auf DIN EN 1536 als kritisch eingestuft. Im Rahmen von umfangreichen Pfahlprobebelastungen konnte jedoch zunächst gezeigt werden, dass bei ausreichender Qualitätssicherung Schneckenbohrpfähle auch bei ungünstigen Baugrundverhältnissen ordnungsgemäß hergestellt und gute Tragfähigkeiten erzielt werden können. Im Rahmen der Ausführung der Bauwerkspfähle sind jedoch erhebliche Schäden aufgetreten, da die Bohrschnecke auf einer Tonschicht höherer Konsistenz aufsaß und Boden in nennenswertem Umfang gefördert wurde. Zurückzuführen sind die Schäden neben den ungünstigen geologischen Randbedingungen auf einen Wechsel des ausführenden Spezialtiefbauunternehmens, welches die nach DIN EN 1536 geforderte örtliche Erfahrung nicht über Probepfähle nachgewiesen hat. Zudem wurden im vorliegenden Fall die Schäden durch die eingesetzte Maschinentechnik des Drehbohrgeräts begünstigt, welche sich in den USA von der in Europa verwendeten Technik unterscheidet.Application and limitation of auger‐cast‐in‐place (ACIP‐) Piles – Experiences of an industrial project in Iowa/USAFor an industrial complex in Port Neal/Iowa, auger‐cast‐in‐place piles (ACIP‐Piles) haven been chosen for the foundation structure. With reference to the purely graded sand deposits, which have been encountered to greater depth in conjunction with a high ground water level, the installation of such piles has to be critically expected with reference to DIN EN 1536. However, the installation technique as well as acceptable pile capacities could be verified in the course of extensive pile testing. Nevertheless, considerable damages occured during the installation of the working piles. The damages can partly be attributed to an interlayered very stiff to hard cohesive soil layer at a depth of app. 20 m, which couldn't be smoothly drilled and which led to a soil extraction in the vicinity of the pile shaft. Moreover, a new drilling company was commissioned for the installation of the working piles, whose specific experience with the chosen pile type was not directly verified before. Finally, the damages were benefit by the chosen drilling technique.
Nachträgliche Sicherung alter Bergbauschächte
Authors: Stock Lars‐Michael , Spang Christian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMit dem Ende des Steinkohlenbergbaus hat sich der Fokus auf die zugehörigen Ewigkeitslasten und die erforderliche Nachsorge verstärkt. Neben Fragestellungen wie der Nachnutzung der bergbaulich geprägten Flächen oder den Folgen des Grubenwasseranstiegs ist der Zustand vieler alter Bergbauschächte zu klären. Im Zweifelsfall ist zu überprüfen, ob der Zustand eines Schachtes dem Stand der Technik entspricht oder eine nachträgliche Sicherung erfolgen muss. Dabei ist eine Sicherung in der Qualität und Dauerhaftigkeit, wie sie bei der Verwahrung jüngerer Tiefbauschächte nach dem Stand der Technik ausgeführt wird, nachträglich nur schwer zu erreichen. Die begrenzte technische Lebensdauer der nachträglichen Sicherung in Verbindung mit der Ewigkeitslast der Bergbauschächte stellt ein Problem dar, das besonders betrachtet werden muss. Vom Arbeitskreis 4.6 “Altbergbau” der DGGT wurden Empfehlungen zur Sicherung und Verwahrung des Altbergbaus erarbeitet. Für NRW wurde von der Bezirksregierung Arnsberg der Leitfaden für das Verwahren von Tagesschächten herausgegeben. Nach Auffassung der Autoren ist darauf aufbauend eine konkrete und umfassende Richtlinie für die Sicherung alter Bergbauschächte erforderlich, die den Bergwerksgesellschaften, Ingenieurbüros, Behörden und ausführenden Firmen als Richtschnur dient. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag liefern die Autoren eine Diskussionsgrundlage für die Erstellung dieser Richtlinie.Subsequent backup of old mining shafts – concrete guidelines for the planning and execution requiredWith the end of the coal industry, the focus has intensified on the associated eternity burden and the required follow‐up. In addition to issues such as the use of former mining‐dominated areas or the consequences of the mine water rise in the condition of many old mining shafts should be clarified. If in doubt, check whether the state of the prior art shaft corresponds or must be a subsequent backup. This is an assurance in quality and durability, as performed in the custody of younger civil engineering shafts according to the state of the art, subsequently difficult to achieve. The limited technical lifetime of the subsequent assurance in connection with eternity burden of mining shafts is a problem that needs to be particularly considered. The working circle 4.6 “abandoned mines” of the DGGT recommendations were developed for securing and safekeeping of the old mining. For NRW the “guide to the keep of days manholes” was issued by the district government of Arnsberg. According to the authors concrete and comprehensive guideline for hedging old mining shafts is required on this basis that serves the mining companies, engineering firms, government agencies and contractors as a guide. With this paper the authors provide a basis for discussion in the preparation of this Directive.
Komplexe Bauvorhaben heute – eine rein ingenieurtechnische oder auch gesellschaftspolitische Aufgabe?
Authors: Richter Thomas , Kirsch Fabian 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDie Motivation zu diesem Essay entspringt der praktischen Erfahrung der Autoren, die bei ihrer Arbeit in einem auf anspruchsvolle geotechnische Projekte spezialisierten Ingenieurbüro immer wieder aufs Neue feststellen, dass bei vielen heute beplanten und leider viel zu oft auf die lange Bank geschobenen Bauvorhaben die überkommenen Strategien nicht ausreichen, um den technischen, ökonomischen und kommunikativen Anforderungen in Verbindung mit dem berechtigten Beteiligungsinteresse der Öffentlichkeit zu genügen. Bei diesen Vorhaben handelt es sich nicht selten um Strukturen, bei denen eine innige Zusammenarbeit der einzelnen Spezialdisziplinen des Bauingenieurwesens erforderlich ist und deren Verzahnung so eng zu sein hat, dass die Aufgabe nur in einem umfassenden Iterationsprozess unter Inkaufnahme aller dabei auftretender und mit entsprechendem Aufwand verbundener Reibungen gelöst werden kann.