bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global overview—the systems approach to energy efficiency in industry
Authors: Williams Robert , McKane Aimee 
Published: April 2013

The energy systems that support industrial processes can be found in all types of industry and include compressed air, pumping, and fan systems (collectively known as motor systems), steam systems, and process heating systems. They are integral to the operation of industrial facilities by providing the essential conversion of energy into useful work, energized fluids or heat required for production processes. Improving the efficiency of industrial energy systems does not require major investment in new processes or equipment. Barriers to systems optimization are often behavioral rather than financial, with system inefficiencies frequently attributable to lack of knowledge. Measurement of the efficiency of motor and steam systems is not done and projects capable of improving systems efficiency do not attract the attention of company managers. In developed countries, where energy efficiency is now an important component of climate policy, measures capable of driving systems level improvements, have been introduced, but, to date, their impacts have been limited. The challenge for policy makers worldwide is to bring about a lasting change in industrial management behavior that recognizes the benefits of systems optimization. The International Standards Organization 50001 Energy Management Standard will afford industrial managers with an opportunity to address systems optimization within the organizing framework of an energy management system standard, thus supporting continuous improvement in energy performance.This article is categorized under:

Energy Efficiency > Economics and Policy
Image grand tour
Authors: Martinez Wendy L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe describe a method of fusing, visualizing, and exploring multiple registered images called the image grand tour (IGT). The IGT is based on the grand tour idea for exploring high‐dimensional data sets. In this article, we provide information on the general grand tour and show how this can be adapted to explore many linear combinations of the registered images in search of interesting structure and information. We provide several examples where the IGT is used for remote sensing, the search for rock art pictographs, and sensor fusion. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:198–206. doi: 10.1002/wics.1253This article is categorized under:

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Exploratory Data Analysis
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Image Data Mining
Applications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and Coding
Yeast on the milky way: genetics, physiology and biotechnology of Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Rodicio Rosaura , Heinisch Jürgen J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has a life cycle similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and can be employed as a model eukaryote using classical genetics, such as the combination of desired traits, by crossing and tetrad analysis. Likewise, a growing set of vectors, marker cassettes and tags for fluorescence microscopy are available for manipulation by genetic engineering and investigating its basic cell biology. We here summarize these applications, as well as the current knowledge regarding its central metabolism, glucose and extracellular stress signalling pathways. A short overview on the biotechnological potential of K. lactis concludes this review. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Aflatoxin Levels in Two Types of Sudanese Sesame Oil
Authors: Idris Yousif M. A. , Hassan Safaa A. , Mariod Abdalbasit A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe physicochemical characteristics and aflatoxin levels of two types of sesame oil [Walad (W) and Normal (N)] were determined. A total of 104 sesame oil samples were collected during two seasons (I and II) from traditional mills in five states of Sudan. Levels of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 were determined using HPLC. The physicochemical characteristics of W and N samples were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) different: samples of W and N from the five states had fluctuations in physicochemical characteristics in the two seasons. The highest percentage of contamination (recorded in Khartoum followed by Kordofan state) by aflatoxin B1 during season II occurred in normal sesame oil which was 80.77 %, followed by Walad sesame oil which was 76.92 %. These percentages of contamination in season I were lower than 59.26 % for normal sesame oil and lower than 52.0 % for Walad sesame oil in season II. Aflatoxin B2 contamination recorded the highest incidence in season II (3 out of 26 samples, 11.54 %) of normal sesame oil, followed by Walad sesame oil (2 out of 26 samples, 7.69 %). These percentages were lower than the 7.40 and 4.0 % of normal and Walad sesame oils in season I, respectively. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 levels in sesame oil ranged from 0.5 to 9.8 and 0.5 to 1.3 μg/kg, respectively.
Public Expectations for Nonemergency Hospital Resources and Services During Disasters
Authors: Charney Rachel L. , Rebmann Terri , Esguerra Cybill R. , Lai Charlene W. , Dalawari Preeti 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe public's expectations of hospital services during disasters may not reflect current hospital disaster plans. The objective of this study was to determine the public's expected hospital service utilization during a pandemic, earthquake, and terrorist bombing.MethodsA survey was distributed to adult patients or family members at 3 emergency departments (EDs). Participants identified resources and services they expect to need during 3 disaster scenarios. Linear regression was used to describe factors associated with higher expected utilization scores for each scenario.ResultsOf the 961 people who participated in the study, 66.9% were women, 47.5% were white, and 44.6% were black. Determinants of higher pandemic resource utilization included persons who were younger (P < .01); non-white (P < .001); had higher ED visits (P < .01), hospitalization (P = .001), or fewer primary care provider visits (P = .001) in the past year; and did not having a reunification plan (P < .001). Determinants of higher earthquake resource utilization included persons who were non-white (P < .001); who were a patient or spouse (vs parent) participating in the study (P < .05 and P = .001); and had higher ED visits in the past year (P = .001). Determinants of higher bombing resource utilization included persons who were female (P = .001); non-white (P < .001); had higher ED (P = .001) or primary care provider (P < .01) visits in past year; and experienced the loss of home or property during a past disaster (P < .05).ConclusionsPublic expectations of hospitals during disasters are high, and some expectations are inappropriate. Better community disaster planning and public risk communication are needed. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–8)
THE CATEGORIFICATION OF THE KAUFFMAN BRACKET SKEIN MODULE OF
Authors: GABROVŠEK BOŠTJAN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractKhovanov homology, an invariant of links in ${ \mathbb{R} }^{3} $, is a graded homology theory that categorifies the Jones polynomial in the sense that the graded Euler characteristic of the homology is the Jones polynomial. Asaeda et al. [‘Categorification of the Kauffman bracket skein module of $I$-bundles over surfaces’, Algebr. Geom. Topol. 4 (2004), 1177–1210] generalised this construction by defining a double graded homology theory that categorifies the Kauffman bracket skein module of links in $I$-bundles over surfaces, except for the surface $ \mathbb{R} {\mathrm{P} }^{2} $, where the construction fails due to strange behaviour of links when projected to the nonorientable surface $ \mathbb{R} {\mathrm{P} }^{2} $. This paper categorifies the missing case of the twisted $I$-bundle over $ \mathbb{R} {\mathrm{P} }^{2} $, $ \mathbb{R} {\mathrm{P} }^{2} \widetilde {\times } I\approx \mathbb{R} {\mathrm{P} }^{3} \setminus \{ \ast \} $, by redefining the differential in the Khovanov chain complex in a suitable manner.
Five new species of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera) from the Caribbean Sea and re-description ofPlakina jamaicensis
Authors: Ereskovsky Alexander V. , Lavrov Dennis V. , Willenz Philippe 
Published: April 2013

Five new species of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera) of four genera,Oscarella,Plakortis,PlakinaandCorticium, are described from vertical walls of reef caves at depths ranging from 23 to 28 m in the Caribbean Sea.Oscarella nathaliaesp. nov. has a leaf-like thinly encrusting, flat body, loosely attached to the substrate and a perforated, not lobate surface.Oscarella nathaliaesp. nov. contains two bacterial morphotypes and is characterized by two mesohylar cell types with inclusions.Plakortis myraesp. nov. has diods of two categories: abundant large ones (83–119 μm long) and rare small ones (67–71 μm long) with sinuous, S-bent centres; triods Y- or T-shaped (18–5 μm long), and abundant microrhabds (5–12 μm long).Plakortis edwardsisp. nov. has diods of one category with thick, sinuous, S-bent centres (110 to 128 μm long); triods T-shaped (actines 28–59 μm long). It is the only species of this genus showing small diods (22–31 μm long).Plakortis dariaesp. nov. has diods of two categories: large ones (67–112 μm long) and small, rare, irregular ones, slightly curved, often deformed with one end blunt (30–59 μm long); triods rare and regular (actines 20–44 μm long).Corticium diamantensesp. nov. has oscula situated near its border, regular non-lophose calthrops of one size-class, very rare tetralophose calthrops and candelabra with the fourth actine ramified basally in 4–5 microspined rays. In addition, a re-description ofPlakina jamaicensisis based on newly collected material and the type specimen.Plakortis jamaicensishas a convoluted brain-like surface; well developed sub-ectosomal cavities; irregular sinuous diods, triods, calthrops, rare monolophose calthrops, rare dilophose calthrops, rare trilophose calthrops and common tetralophose calthrops. Molecular ‘barcoding’ sequences for mitochondrial cob are given forPlakortis edwardsisp. nov.,P. dariaesp. nov.,Plakina jamaicensisandCorticium diamantensesp. nov. An identification key for all western Atlantic Homoscleromorpha is provided.
The boundaries of the internalizing and externalizing genetic spectra in men and women
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Myers J. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe distribution and co-morbidity of common psychiatric disorders can be largely explained as manifestations of two broad psychopathological spectra of internalizing and externalizing disorders. Twin studies suggest that these spectra arise from genetic factors.MethodStructural equation twin modeling was applied to interview and questionnaire data on personality traits and lifetime psychiatric disorders on more than 5300 members of male–male (MM) and female–female (FF) twin pairs.ResultsThe best-fitting models for both the externalizing and internalizing spectra differed significantly in males and females. In males, the externalizing genetic common factor was best indexed by four disorders in the following order: antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), drug abuse/dependence (DAD), alcohol abuse dependence (AAD) and conduct disorder (CD). In females, the four disorders most closely related to the externalizing common factor were, in order: DAD, AAD, nicotine dependence (ND) and ASPD. Personality traits of novelty seeking (NS) and extraversion (E) better indexed the genetic externalizing spectrum in females than in males. In both males and females, major depression (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) best indexed the genetic internalizing common factor. Panic disorder (PD) and agoraphobia (AgP) better reflected the internalizing genetic common factor in women, and neuroticism (N) in men. Genetic correlations between the two spectra were estimated at + 0.53 in males and + 0.52 in females.ConclusionsThe disorders that optimally index the genetic liability to externalizing and internalizing disorders in the general population differ meaningfully in men and women. In both sexes, these genetic spectra are better assessed by psychiatric disorders than by personality traits.
The Trials of Job: Relitigating Job's ‘Good Case’ in Christian Interpretation
Authors: Kynes Will 
Published: April 2013

AbstractApplying the legal metaphor integral to the book of Job, this article re-evaluates the evidence for Job's innocence (Job 42:7). After examining the conflicted testimony of the book itself, the article focuses on exemplars of Christian interpretation throughout history (the author of James, Ambrose, Gregory the Great, Aquinas, Luther, Calvin, Kierkegaard, and Barth) to discuss the various attempts made to come to terms with the final form of the book of Job, including its testimony to Job's complaints. Though some interpreters simply ignore the complaints in their attempts to hold up Job as an exemplar of patience, following, it is often argued, the example of James 5:11, for those who wrestle with Job's apparent blasphemy, three general approaches emerge. The first, denial, refuses to acknowledge Job's accusations of divine injustice. The second, mitigation, attempts to minimise the force of Job's arguments against God. The third, absolution, acknowledges Job's defiance of God but claims that this wrong is not beyond God's grace, and that it may in fact highlight it. However, none is able to satisfactorily reconcile Job's accusations with the innocent verdict God delivers at the end of the book (42:7) and affirm that Job has indeed said what is right about God. Even so, the broader biblical testimony offers evidence to exonerate Job by testifying to divine favourable response to and even initiation of complaint in a tradition of ‘faithful revolt’. Job joins the heroes of Israelite faith, Abraham (Gen 18:17–33), Jacob (Gen 32:6–12, 22–31), and Moses (Exod 32:1–14), the psalmists who dare to cry ‘Why?’ and ‘How long?’ and prophets such as Amos (e.g. 7:1–9), Jeremiah (e.g. 20:7–18), and Habakkuk (e.g. 1:2–4, 12–17) in confronting God and demanding that the deity make things right. Jesus endorses this tradition through both his parables of the importunate friend (Luke 11:5–9) and the importunate widow (Luke 18:1–8) and his cry of dereliction from the cross. Instead of reading Job's complaints in line with this tradition, when these Christian interpreters grapple with Job's accusations against God, Job's ‘friends’ once again become his accusers due to their application of a limited view of God and God's relationship to humanity.
Grammatical preferences in aspect marking in first language and second language: The case of first language Dutch, English, and German and first language Dutch second language English, and first language Dutch second language German
Authors: HILBERINK-SCHULPEN BÉRYL , NEDERSTIGT ULRIKE , STARREN MARIANNE 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTProduction studies on event conceptualization have shown that the language inventory has a clear influence on event descriptions in different languages (e.g., Carroll & von Stutterheim, 2010). In our perception study with native speakers of German, English, and Dutch and Dutch learners of German and English, we were able to show that in addition to preferred verbalization patterns, there are other verbalization patterns that are rated as equally likely. Our results suggest that a more differentiated explanation is needed than that proposed by Slobin (1996b). Grammatical aspects of a language are easier to acquire and apply than lexical aspects. These differences can be explained in terms of automatization and cognitive control of first language and second language processes (Levelt, 1989).
Individual differences in the second language processing of object–subject ambiguities
Authors: HOPP HOLGER 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates whether and how individual differences modulate the adult second language (L2) processing of syntactic ambiguities. In a linear mixed regression analysis, we test how proficiency, working memory, reading speed, automaticity in lexical access, and grammatical integration ability affect the resolution of temporary object–subject ambiguities in L2 English. The results from 75 first language German advanced learners attest that individual differences in syntactic integration ability modulate the reliance on morphosyntactic and plausibility information. Similar to native speakers, L2 learners are found to adopt two different routes in L2 processing. The findings highlight the role of individual differences and qualify previous generalizations about the relative use of morphosyntactic and other types of information in L2 processing.
The influence of the invasive weedLantana camaraon elephant habitat use in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India
Authors: Wilson Gaius , Desai Ajay A. , Sim Dalice A. , Linklater Wayne L. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:Invasive weeds likeLantana camarahave a range of effects on animals such as elephant. These plants are not edible by the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). They also compete for space with elephant food plants and take over large areas of elephant habitat. We tested whether the addition ofL. camarato a model consisting of measured environmental variables improved predictions of habitat use by elephant in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, India. Elephant dung density was used to assess elephant habitat use from 62 line transects 1-km in length. Results indicated that habitat and impact of human settlements significantly influenced elephant habitat use at a landscape scale. However, we found no evidence for the hypothesis that the addition ofL. camarasignificantly predicted elephant habitat use at the landscape level. We then tested the association ofL. camaraon elephant habitat use in the dry deciduous forest (DDF) where there was a significant interaction between DDF andL. camara. In the DDF,L. camarasignificantly predicted elephant habitat use. We conclude that while no significant effects ofL.camarawere seen at the level of an entire reserve, at a finer scale and in specific habitats negative effects of this invasive plant on elephant habitat use were observed.
Language students and their technologies: Charting the evolution 2006–2011
Authors: Steel Caroline H , Levy Mike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper has two key objectives. Firstly, it seeks to record the technologies in current use by learners of a range of languages at an Australian university in 2011. Data was collected via a large-scale survey of 587 foreign language students across ten languages at The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Notably the data differentiates between those technologies that students used inside and outside of formal classrooms as well as recording particular technologies and applications that students perceived as beneficial to their language learning. Secondly, this study aims to compare and contrast its findings with those from two previous studies that collected data on students’ use of technologies five years earlier, in 2006, in the UK and Canada. The intention is to chart major developments and changes that have occurred during the intervening five-year period, between 2006 and 2011. The data reported in two studies, one by Conole (2008) and one by Peters, Weinberg and Sarma (2008) are used as points of reference for the comparison with the present study.The findings of the current study point to the autonomy and independence of the language learners in this cohort and the re-emergence of CALL tools, both for in-class and out-of-class learning activities. According to this data set, learners appear to have become more autonomous and independent and much more able to shape and resource their personal language learning experience in a blended learning setting. The students also demonstrate a measure of sophistication in their use of online tools, such that they are able to work around known limitations and constraints. In other words, the students have a keen awareness of the affordances of the technologies they are using.
Prehospital Management of Earthquake Casualties Buried Under Rubble
Authors: Ashkenazi Itamar , Isakovich Boris , Kluger Yoram , Alfici Ricardo , Kessel Boris , Better Ori S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEarthquakes continue to exact a heavy toll on life, injury, and loss of property. Survival of casualties extricated from under the rubble depends upon early medical interventions by emergency teams on site. The objective of this paper is to review the pertinent literature and to analyze the information as a practical guideline for the medical management of casualties accidentally buried alive.
Evaluation of the Prehospital Management of Road Traffic Fatalities in Victoria, Australia
Authors: McDermott Francis T. , Cooper Gregory J. , Hogan Philip L. , Cordner Stephen M. , Tremayne Ann B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroduction:This study was undertaken to identify prehospital system and management deficiencies and preventable deaths between 01 January 1997 and 31 December 1998 in 243 consecutive Victorian road crash victims with fatal outcomes.Methods:The complete prehospital and hospital records, the deposition to the coroner, and autopsy findings were evaluated by computer analysis and peer group review with multidisciplinary discussion.Results:One-hundred eighty-seven (77%) patients had prehospital errors or inadequacies, of which 135 (67%) contributed to death. Three-hundred ninety-four (67%) related to management and 130 (22%) to system deficiencies. Technique errors, diagnosis delays, and errors relatively were infrequent. One of 24 deaths at the crash scene or en route to hospital was considered to be preventable and two potentially preventable.Conclusion:The high prevalence of prehospital deficiencies has been addressed by a Ministerial Task Force on Trauma and Emergency Services and followed by the introduction of a new trauma care system in Victoria.
Behavioral Health Risk Factors of United States Emergency Medical Technicians: The LEADS Project
Authors: Pirrallo Ronald G. , Levine Roger , Dickison Philip D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Personal risk behaviors are modifiable. This report describes the 2002 national baseline of behavioral health risk factors of US emergency medical technicians (EMTs) that can guide policy and program development in improving EMT well-being.Methods:A 19-item Health Behavioral Risk Survey (Appendix) was added to the 2002 Longitudinal Emergency Medical Technician Demographic Study mail survey. Risk survey questions covering physical activity, tobacco use, and alcohol use were modeled after the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) questionnaire. Personal, non-work related seatbelt use and motor vehicle driving questions were adopted from the 2002 US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Motor Vehicle Occupant Safety Survey (MVOSS). Post-stratification adjustment factors were used to allow comparisons with BRFSS and MVOSS national estimates.Results:A total of 1,919 EMT respondents were compared with 239,866 BRFSS and 5,220 MVOSS respondents. These comparisons indicate that EMT-Basics drove more slowly than paramedics; male EMTs drove faster, drank more, and wore their seatbelts less often than did female EMTs; female EMTs smoked more and engaged in vigorous exercise less than males. Those EMTs who reported to be in fair or poor health, smoked more and exercised less than those who reported to be in good or excellent health. Regardless of gender, age, or race, EMTs, on average, wore their seatbelts less often, drove faster than, and were less likely to engage in moderate physical exercise, compared to US adults.Conclusion:Stereotypical gender differences in risk behaviors exist among EMTs. An EMT's self-reported health positively correlates with smoking and exercising. Compared to US national estimates, except for smoking and vigorous exercise, EMTs have increased risk behaviors.