bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Brazilian populations to ryanodine receptor modulators
Authors: Campos Mateus R , Silva Tadeu BM , Silva Wellington M , Silva Jefferson E , Siqueira Herbert AA 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhthalic and anthranilic diamides comprise a new insecticide class recently registered in Brazil to control Lepidoptera such as Tuta absoluta (Meyrick). Therefore, the baseline of susceptibility was determined for eight representative field populations of this species to establish a resistance monitoring programme. The potential for cross‐resistance as well as detoxification metabolism was assessed in order to fine‐tune the resistance management programme.RESULTSBrazilian populations were very susceptible to chlorantraniliprole (LC50 values varied from 3.17 to 29.64 µg AI L−1), cyantraniliprole (LC50 values varied from 8.61 to 28.95 µg AI L−1) and flubendiamide (LC50 values varied from 94 to 230 µg AI L−1), with respective resistance ratios of 9.33‐, 3.36‐ and 2.45‐fold between most susceptible and tolerant populations. Anthranilic diamides showed significant correlations between log LC50 values among themselves, suggesting a high risk of cross‐resistance. However, the log LC50 values of T. absoluta to phthalic diamide did not show any correlation with anthranilic diamides. Cytochrome‐ P450‐dependent monooxygenase activity showed a weak correlation with log LC50 values of T. absoluta populations to anthranilic diamides, which suggests a potential route for evolving resistance to anthranilic diamides.CONCLUSIONThe diamides were highly effective against T. absoluta, with populations showing a homogeneous response to them. Cross‐resistance is very likely between anthranilic diamides in T. absoluta. Populations of this pest may evolve resistance by increasing cytochrome‐ P450‐dependent monooxygenases. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigation of ptsG gene in response to xylose utilization in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Wang Chen , Cai Heng , Zhou Zhihui , Zhang Kai , Chen Zhongjun , Chen Yali , Wan Honggui , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum strains NC-2 were able to grow on xylose as sole carbon sources in our previous work. Nevertheless, it exhibited the major shortcoming that the xylose consumption was repressed in the presence of glucose. So far, regarding C. glutamicum, there are a number of reports on ptsG gene, the glucose-specific transporter, involved in glucose metabolism. Recently, we found ptsG had influence on xylose utilization and investigated the ptsG gene in response to xylose utilization in C. glutamicum with the aim to improve xylose consumption and simultaneously utilized glucose and xylose. The ptsG-deficient mutant could grow on xylose, while exhibiting noticeably reduced growth on xylose as sole carbon source. A mutant deficient in ptsH, a general PTS gene, exhibited a similar phenomenon. When complementing ptsG gene, the mutant ΔptsG-ptsG restored the ability to grow on xylose similarly to NC-2. These indicate that ptsG gene is not only essential for metabolism on glucose but also important in xylose utilization. A ptsG-overexpressing recombinant strain could not accelerate glucose or xylose metabolism. When strains were aerobically cultured in a sugar mixture of glucose and xylose, glucose and xylose could not be utilized simultaneously. Interestingly, the ΔptsG strain could co-utilize glucose and xylose under oxygen-deprived conditions, though the consumption rate of glucose and xylose dramatically declined. It was the first report of ptsG gene in response to xylose utilization in C. glutamicum.
Efficient strategy for maintaining and enhancing the huperzine A production of Shiraia sp. Slf14 through inducer elicitation
Authors: Yan Riming , Zhang Zhibin , Wang Ya , Yang Huilin , Zeng Qinggui , Zhu Du 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Huperzine A (HupA), a naturally occurring lycopodium alkaloid, is a potent, highly specific and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and is a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. However, isolating HupA from Huperziaceae plants is inefficient; thus, extracting this compound from endophytic fungi may be more controllable and sustainable. However, the large-scale production of this chemical from endophytes is limited by the innate instability of endophytic fungi. In this study, we maintained the stability and viability of the HupA-producing endophytic fungus Shiraia sp. Slf14 and enhanced the HupA titers during fermentation by adding Huperzia serrata extracts (HSE), l-lysine, and acetic acid into the culture as inducers. Adding trace amounts of HupA clearly improved the HupA production of Shiraia sp. Slf14, reaching a maximum content of approximately 40 μg g−1. Moreover, the addition of HSE and l-lysine promoted HupA production in the flask fermentation. The aforementioned bioprocessing strategy may be potentially applied to other endophytic fungal culture systems for the efficient production of plant secondary metabolites.
Farmers’ Suicides as Public Death: Politics, Agency and Statistics in a Suicide-Prone District (South India)
Authors: MÜNSTER DANIEL N. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper argues that Indian farmers’ suicides may fruitfully be described as public deaths. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the South Indian district of Wayanad (Kerala), it shows that farmers’ suicides become ‘public deaths’ only via the enumerative and statistical practices of the Indian state and their scandalization in the media. The political nature of suicide as public death thus depends entirely on suicide rates and their production by the state itself. But the power of representations complicates the ethnographic critique of statistical knowledge about suicide. In a context like Wayanad, which had been declared a suicide-prone district by the Indian state, public representations of suicides have taken on a life of their own; statistical categories and the media interpretations of these statistics have had a curious feedback—mediated by development encounters—onto the situated meanings of individual suicides. Local interpretations of individual suicides mostly commented on personal failures of the suicide and on the perils of speculative smallholder agriculture. Ethnography of farmers’ suicide based on case studies alone, however, would soon encounter limitations equally grave as the limitations of statistical analysis. Not only is the meaning of suicide (intentions, causes, motives) at the actor level off limits for ethnography, but in addition to that the (public) meaning of suicide is co-determined by state practice including statistical accounting.
Maternal perception of malnutrition among infants using verbal and pictorial methods in Kenya
Authors: Mwangome Martha K , Fegan Gregory , Prentice Andrew M , Berkley James A 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare mothers’ perceptions of their own infants’ nutritional status with anthropometric indicators of undernutrition.DesignA qualitative study and cross-sectional quantitative survey. The qualitative study involved developing tools to assess mother’s perception. Two methods of verbal description and a pictorial scale were developed. The quantitative survey involved measuring maternal perception and comparing it with the anthropometric measures of weight-for-ageZ-score (WAZ) and mid-upper arm circumference-for-ageZ-score (MUACZ).SettingA rural community setting in Kenya.SubjectsSeventy-four infants aged between 4 and 6 months, and their mothers, living in rural Kenya were enrolled.ResultsUsing verbal description, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3·57 (95 % CI 1·44, 9·98) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·50, 0·96) respectively for MUACZ<−2; and 4·60 (95 % CI 1·60, 13·3) and 0·67 (95 % CI 0·49, 0·92) respectively for WAZ<−2. Using the pictorial scale, the positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8·30 (95 % CI 1·91, 36·3) and 0·69 (95 % CI 0·52, 0·93) respectively for MUACZ<−2; and 4·31 (95 % CI 1·22, 15·0) and 0·78 (95 % CI 0·61, 1·00) respectively for WAZ<−2.ConclusionsIn a rural community, mothers better identify undernutrition in their infants using a pictorial scale than verbal description. However, neither can replace formal anthropometric assessment. Objective anthropometric tools should be validated for identification of severe acute malnutrition among infants aged less than 6 months.
Chemical–genetic attenuation of focal neocortical seizures
Authors: Kätzel Dennis , Nicholson Elizabeth , Schorge Stephanie , Walker Matthew C. , Kullmann Dimitri M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFocal epilepsy is commonly pharmacoresistant, and resective surgery is often contraindicated by proximity to eloquent cortex. Many patients have no effective treatment options. Gene therapy allows cell-type specific inhibition of neuronal excitability, but on-demand seizure suppression has only been achieved with optogenetics, which requires invasive light delivery. Here we test a combined chemical–genetic approach to achieve localized suppression of neuronal excitability in a seizure focus, using viral expression of the modified muscarinic receptor hM4Di. hM4Di has no effect in the absence of its selective, normally inactive and orally bioavailable agonist clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). Systemic administration of CNO suppresses focal seizures evoked by two different chemoconvulsants, pilocarpine and picrotoxin. CNO also has a robust anti-seizure effect in a chronic model of focal neocortical epilepsy. Chemical–genetic seizure attenuation holds promise as a novel approach to treat intractable focal epilepsy while minimizing disruption of normal circuit function in untransduced brain regions or in the absence of the specific ligand.
Theory of amorphous ices
Authors: Limmer David T. , Chandler David 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Glassy water is abundant, occurring in such varied circumstances as thin films condensed on interstellar dust particles and as hosts to hyperquenched protein crystals. Yet quantitative understanding of this class of materials is limited, hampered by lack of formalism needed to systematically treat long time scales and far-from-equilibrium behaviors. Here, we describe a theory to overcome some of this difficulty and apply the theory with simulation to establish the existence of distinct amorphous ices and coexistence between them. This advance allows systematic treatment of dynamics interconverting and melting these nonequilibrium solids, and thereby provides principled explanations of experiments that have probed these processes.
GenomeVISTA—an integrated software package for whole-genome alignment and visualization
Authors: Poliakov Alexandre , Foong Justin , Brudno Michael , Dubchak Inna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Summary: With the ubiquitous generation of complete genome assemblies for a variety of species, efficient tools for whole-genome alignment along with user-friendly visualization are critically important. Our VISTA family of tools for comparative genomics, based on algorithms for pairwise and multiple alignments of genomic sequences and whole-genome assemblies, has become one of the standard techniques for comparative analysis. Most of the VISTA programs have been implemented as Web-accessible servers and are extensively used by the biomedical community. In this manuscript, we introduce GenomeVISTA: a novel implementation that incorporates most features of the VISTA family—fast and accurate alignment, visualization capabilities, GUI and analytical tools within a stand-alone software package. GenomeVISTA thus provides flexibility and security for users who need to conduct whole-genome comparisons on their own computers.
Availability and implementation: Implemented in Perl, C/C++ and Java, the source code is freely available for download at the VISTA Web site: http://genome.lbl.gov/vista/
Contact: avpoliakov@lbl.gov or ildubchak@lbl.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The role of basophils and proallergic cytokines, TSLP and IL-33, in cutaneously sensitized food allergy
Authors: Muto Taichiro , Fukuoka Ayumi , Kabashima Kenji , Ziegler Steven F. , Nakanishi Kenji , Matsushita Kazufumi , Yoshimoto Tomohiro 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Cutaneous sensitization with a food antigen before its consumption elicits the development of food allergy. Here, we report the site- and stage-dependent roles of basophils and proallergic cytokines, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and IL-33, in a mouse model of food allergy initially sensitized cutaneously with the food antigen. Mice were epicutaneously sensitized with the food antigen ovalbumin (OVA) followed by oral challenge with OVA. Epicutaneously sensitized mice produced OVA-specific IgE and developed IgE-dependent anaphylaxis after oral challenge. Basophil-depleted or TSLP–receptor-deficient mice did not produce OVA-specific IgE and were protected from oral challenge-induced anaphylaxis. IL-33-deficient mice produced normal levels of OVA-specific IgE. However, IL-33-deficient mice and mice treated with recombinant soluble IL-33 receptor were protected from anaphylaxis. Thus, basophils and TSLP have pivotal roles in Th2 development in the skin during the sensitization phase of food allergy. In contrast, while IL-33 is dispensable for promoting cutaneous antigen sensitization, the cytokine is essential for inducing IgE-dependent anaphylaxis in the gut.
Human genomic regions with exceptionally high or low levels of population differentiation identified from 911 whole-genome sequences
Authors: Colonna Vincenza , Ayub Qasim , Chen Yuan , Pagani Luca , Luisi Pierre , Pybus Marc , Garrison Erik , Xue Yali , Tyler-Smith Chris ,   The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundPopulation differentiation has proved to be effective for identifying loci under geographically-localized positive selection, and has the potential to identify loci subject to balancing selection. We have previously investigated the pattern of genetic differentiation among human populations at 36.8 million genomic variants to identify sites in the genome showing high frequency differences. Here, we extend this dataset to include additional variants, survey sites with low levels of differentiation, and evaluate the extent to which highly differentiated sites are likely to result from selective or other processes.ResultsWe demonstrate that while sites of low differentiation represent sampling effects rather than balancing selection, sites showing extremely high population differentiation are enriched for positive selection events and that one half may be the result of classic selective sweeps. Among these, we rediscover known examples, where we actually identify the established functional SNP, and discover novel examples including the genesABCA12,CALD1andZNF804, which we speculate may be linked to adaptations in skin, calcium metabolism and defense, respectively.ConclusionsWe have identified known and many novel candidate regions for geographically restricted positive selection, and suggest several directions for further research.
Paraneoplastic polyarteritis nodosa with cerebral masses: case report and literature review
Authors: Veitch David , Tsai Ted , Watson Shaun , Joshua Fredrick 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPolyarteritis nodosa (PAN) as a paraneoplastic vasculitis is rarely described, especially in association with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Furthermore, only 5% of all PAN patients have central nervous system (CNS) involvement, almost exclusively in the form of cerebral infarction or intracerebral haemorrhage. We report the first case of PAN with multiple immunosuppressant‐responsive, cerebral vasculitic lesions in association with metastatic SCC.
Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis
Authors: Ort Christoph , van Nuijs Alexander L. N. , Berset Jean‐Daniel , Bijlsma Lubertus , Castiglioni Sara , Covaci Adrian , de Voogt Pim , Emke Erik , Fatta‐Kassinos Despo , Griffiths Paul , Hernández Félix , González‐Mariño Iria , Grabic Roman , Kasprzyk‐Hordern Barbara , Mastroianni Nicola , Meierjohann Axel , Nefau Thomas , Östman Marcus , Pico Yolanda , Racamonde Ines , Reid Malcolm , Slobodnik Jaroslav , Terzic Senka , Thomaidis Nikolaos , Thomas Kevin V. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo perform wastewater analyses to assess spatial differences and temporal changes of illicit drug use in a large European population.DesignAnalyses of raw wastewater over a 1‐week period in 2012 and 2013.Setting and ParticipantsCatchment areas of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Europe, as follows: 2012: 25 WWTPs in 11 countries (23 cities, total population 11.50 million); 2013: 47 WWTPs in 21 countries (42 cities, total population 24.74 million).MeasurementsExcretion products of five illicit drugs (cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine, cannabis) were quantified in wastewater samples using methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.FindingsSpatial differences were assessed and confirmed to vary greatly across European metropolitan areas. In general, results were in agreement with traditional surveillance data, where available. While temporal changes were substantial in individual cities and years (P ranging from insignificant to <10−3), overall means were relatively stable. The overall mean of methamphetamine was an exception (apparent decline in 2012), as it was influenced mainly by four cities.ConclusionsWastewater analysis performed across Europe provides complementary evidence on illicit drug consumption and generally concurs with traditional surveillance data. Wastewater analysis can measure total illicit drug use more quickly and regularly than is the current norm for national surveys, and creates estimates where such data does not exist.
Anaphylaxis: an update for dental practitioners
Authors: Maher NG , de Looze J , Hoffman GR 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAnaphylaxis is an acutely presenting life‐threatening medical emergency. Surveys indicate that dentists feel inadequately able to recognize and treat anaphylaxis. This paper reviews the terminology and pathophysiology of anaphylaxis, and describes the recognition and initial management of anaphylaxis for dentists. Dentists should be able to administer intramuscular adrenaline during anaphylaxis at the appropriate dose. The role of further medical care is also explained. Six cases of anaphylaxis arising from dental oral maxillofacial surgery practice are discussed.
After hours presentation of traumatic dental injuries to a major paediatric teaching hospital
Authors: Warren M , Widmer R , Arora M , Hibbert S 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThorough record taking of traumatic dental injuries is vital. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a structured paper history for this purpose. Furthermore, the aetiology and epidemiology of these injuries were investigated, with the aim of formulating appropriate preventive guidelines.MethodsA six‐month audit of traumatic dental injuries presenting after hours was undertaken at The Children's Hospital at Westmead. A structured paper history form was subsequently created, and the data collected over the following 12 months.ResultsStructured paper histories assisted in thorough record taking. Over 12 months, 190 paediatric patients (male:female ratio 1.5:1) were treated after hours with traumatic dental injuries. There were 396 injured teeth among 182 patients (eight patients had soft tissue injuries only). The mean number of injured teeth per patient with dental injuries was 2.18, the vast majority being maxillary central incisors (62% of primary teeth and 66% of permanent teeth). The most common cause was ‘accident during play’, followed by a fall. The severe injuries, avulsions and luxations, comprised 63% of injuries to primary teeth and 26% to permanent teeth.ConclusionsStructured paper histories are useful for recording traumatic dental injuries. The vast majority of these injuries are due to unavoidable accidents, rendering their prevention challenging from a public health perspective.
Effect of dentine conditioning on adhesion of resin‐modified glass ionomer adhesives
Authors: Hamama HH , Burrow MF , Yiu C 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the use of phosphoric acid as a surface treatment compared to traditional conditioning agents to dentine bonded with resin‐modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) adhesives.MethodsForty human molars were utilized in microtensile bond strength testing, while another 16 were used for evaluation of the bonded interface with scanning electron microscopy. Three RMGIC adhesives were evaluated: Fuji Bond LC (GC Corp); Riva Bond LC (SDI Ltd); and Ketac N100 (3M‐ESPE). Surface treatments were 37% phosphoric acid (5 s) or 25–30% polyacrylic acid (PAA) (10 s), or the manufacturer's method – Fuji Bond LC: Cavity Conditioner (20% PAA + 3% AlCl3 10 s) or Ketac N100 primer: Ketac Nano priming agent (15 s). Teeth were finished with 600‐grit SiC paper, surfaces treated and bonded with RMGIC adhesive and stored in distilled water for 24 h then subjected to microtensile bond strength testing.ResultsTwo‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed adhesion was affected by the ‘type of RMGIC adhesive’ and ‘method of dentine surface treatment’ (p < 0.05). The microtensile bond strength of Ketac N100 primer groups was lower than Fuji Bond LC and Riva Bond LC (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFor RMGIC adhesives a brief etch with phosphoric acid does not adversely effect short‐term bond strengths, but is no better than traditional conditioning with PAA.
A multidisciplinary intervention programme has positive effects on quality of life in overweight and obese preschool children
Authors: Bocca G , Kuitert MWB , Sauer PJJ , Stolk RP , Flapper BC , Corpeleijn E 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimUp to 18.1% of Dutch children aged 3–5 are overweight and up to 3.3% are obese, with higher levels in girls. This study assessed the effect of a multidisciplinary intervention programme on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in this patient group.MethodsWe randomised 75 children to a multidisciplinary intervention, comprising dietary advice, exercise sessions and psychological counselling for parents or the standard care programme, providing healthy lifestyle advice. The parents completed quality of life and child health questionnaires at baseline and after 16 weeks and 12 months.ResultsAt 16 weeks, children in the intervention group experienced more bodily pain and less mental health than the standard care group, but at 12 months, this difference disappeared and they showed a more positive change in HRQoL than the standard care group, especially for the physical domain. When we combined both groups, a decreased BMIz‐score over 12 months was associated with increased global health and reduced visceral fat correlated with increased general health.ConclusionAt 12 months, a multidisciplinary intervention programme for overweight and obese children aged 3–5 years had beneficial effects on HRQoL, especially for the physical domain. Reduced obesity parameters correlated with several increased HRQoL parameters.