bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PAKAN DARI TANAMAN AZOLLA TERHADAP KUALITAS TELUR AYAM RAS
Authors: Haslinah Andi , Andrie Andrie , Haq MZ Muh Ade Khaer , Ahdiyatul Af'al Faid 
Published: July 2024

Azolla microphylla memiliki keunggulan sebagai bahan pakan yaitu kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi sebesar 20-35%, Terdapat keunggulan lainnya seperti vitamin A dan B12 serta asam amino esensial seperti lisin (kandungan lisin sebesar 0,42%). Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tanaman Azolla pada pakan terhadap kualitas telur ayam ras. Penelitian terdiri 3 tahap, yaitu: tahap persiapan ternak percobaan, kandang dan perlengkapan pemeliharaan, serta pengadaan bahan pakan yang lain. Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 3 ekor ayam. Penggunaan Azolla microphylla 6% dalam ransum ayam dapat meningkatkan bobot telur, bobot putih telur dan warna kuning telur. Metode analisis adalah mengunakan analisis One way Anova of Varians. Hasil penelitian penggunaan Azolla microphylla sampai 9% (P3), menghasilkan lemak, berat dan portein pada telur yang berkualitas. Penggunaan Azolla microphylla 3% (P1) dan Azolla microphylla 6% tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas telur ayam ras. Hasil uji one way anova diketahui bahwa lemak dan berat pada telur terdapat perbedaan hasil secara signifikan antar setiap kelompok dengan masing-masing intervensi yang diberikan sedangkan protein pada telur tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil secara signifikan antar setiap kelompok dengan masing-masing intervensi yang diberikan. Kesimpulan yaitu penggunaan Azolla microphylla sampai 9% (P3), menghasilkan lemak, berat dan protein pada telur yang berkualitas. Penggunaan Azolla microphylla 3% (P1) dan Azolla microphylla 6% tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas telur ayam ras. Hasil uji one way anova bahwa lemak dan berat pada telur terdapat perbedaan hasil secara signifikan antar setiap kelompok.
Bullying Melalui Media Sosial Sebagai Tantangan Akhlak Masyarakat Modern: Analisis Q.S Al Hujurat: 11
Authors: Halimaini K Putri , Abdul Karim Pangulu 
Published: July 2024

This article is entitled bullying through social media as a challenge to the morals of modern society (analysis of Q.s Al Hujurat: 11). This research aims to find out the phenomenon of bullying on social media as a challenge to the morals of modern society, to find out Q.S Al-Hujurat: 11 as the basis for the prohibition of bullying, to find out the definition of bullying, to find out the basic factors behind the motives of bullying perpetrators, to find out the solution to Bullying Islamic perspective. After the data is analyzed, the research results show that bullying is when a group of people repeatedly act aggressively towards one person. Allah forbids this act in Q.s al-Hujurat: 11. This verse explains the prohibition of making fun of, insulting, mocking and demeaning, especially among believers and not calling with bad titles. The solution to bullying in the perspective of the Qur'an is good prejudice, muhasabah, calling with good calls, repentance.
Karakteristik Mineralisasi Polimetalik Logam Dasar (Zn-Pb-Cu+Au-Ag) di daerah Dolok Pangkuruhan, Kecamatan Pegagan Hilir, Kabupaten Dairi, Provinsi sumatera Utara
Authors: Iwan Nursahan  , Juan Aprilio Rafael L P  , Prima M Hilman  , Aton Patonah  
Published: July 2024

Geologi daerah penelitian terdiri dari tiga satuan litologi, yaitu : Satuan Meta batupasir Kuarsa, Satuan Filit dan Satuan Tuf Lithik. Struktur geologi yang berkembang sesar geser Timur laut barat daya dan barat laut tenggara. Ubahan yang berkembang terdiri dari empat jenis, yaitu: Argilik (Zona Illit-Smektit/monmorlilonit- Silika), Argilik Lanjut (Zona Alunit-Dickit-illite, halosite), Filik-Pirit(Zona Kuarsa-Illit-Muskovit,Pirit) dan Filik-Silisifikasi (Zona Kuarsa-Muskovit-serisit-illite). Mineralisasi yang berkembang mencakup 4 jenis yakni: a. Mineralisasi Urat kuarsa-pirit (Au-Pb ) di Dolok Pangkuruhan, b. Mineralisasi Galena, Sfalerit, Pirit (Zn-PB) Aek Sulfi, c. Mineralisasi Urat Kuarsa-silisifikasi-Sfalerit/galena (S. Sembilin dan Aek Tuba), d. Mineralisasi Urat Kuarsa- Pirit-Bornit-Kalkopirit (Sungai Sikiring-kiring). Berdasarkan analisis geokimia tanah dan batuan, sebaran anomali unsur mineral logam memiliki kadar tertinggi untuk Emas (Au) sebesar 0,413 ppb (Tanah) dan 3 ppm (Batuan), Perak (Ag) sebesar 8 ppm (Tanah) dan 25 ppm (Batuan), Seng (Zn) sebesar 493 ppm (Tanah) dan 11.000 ppm (Batuan), Timbal (Pb) sebesar 2489 ppm (Tanah) dan 4753 ppm (Batuan), Tembaga (Cu) sebesar 34 ppm (Tanah) dan 94 ppm (Batuan). Berdasarkan tipe mineralisasi hasil lapangan , anomali geokimia batuan dan tanah , analisis fluid inklusi, serta Paragenesa mineralisasi , maka diinterpretasikan Tipe endapan daerah penyelidikan tipe Polimetalik (Au-Pb dan Zn-Pb-Ag) dengan karakteristik tipe urat endapan epithermal sulfida menengah – Sulfida tinggi, dengan ciri ditemukan mineralisasi Native Gold, Kalkopirit-galena dan sfalerit-pirit. Rekomendasi daerah prospek yang perlu ditindaklanjuti mencakup dua daerah, yaitu: Daerah prospek bukit Dolok Pangkuruhan dengan mineralisasi Au Native Gold dalam urat kuarsa dengan nilai kadar unsur Au yang cukup tinggi (3 ppm), Pb (2324 ppm) dan (2053 ppm) dan daerah prospek Sungai Aek Sulfi dengan kadar unsur Zn (11.000 ppm), Pb (3643 ppm) dan (4753 ppm), serta unsur Cu 64 (ppm).
Thyroid Function and Physical Activity among a Sample of Patients Attending Murjan Hospital in Hilla City/Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Nisreen Mohee , Al-Sarray Atta Ah Mousa , Al-diwan Jawad kidhim 
Published: July 2024

Background: Physical activity can also enhance thyroid function. Exercising can be challenging when experiencing exhaustion, but it is crucial for managing hypothyroidism. Objective of study : To determine a correlation between thyroid function and physical activity, as well as anthropometric measurements Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 348 patients with thyroid dysfunction who were attending a diabetes and endocrinology center in AL Hilla City, Iraq . the data collection for five months from march 2023- august 2023. Results : The study shows that a higher proportion of thyroid dysfunction regarding to BMI in obese category was (32.2%) followed by overweight(29.3%),morbid obese(24.4%) and lower proportion in normal weight was (14.9%).with mean (30.92 ±5.42SD).according to waist to hip ratio ,a higher percentage(53.2%) at risk followed by (28.7%) average,(12.6%) was good and lower percentage (5.5%) of waist to hip ratio was excellent. The present study found a higher percentage (41.7%) of waist to height ratio was obese followed by(21.0%) was overweight,(19.5%) was healthy and lower percentage was (17.8%).according to physical activity ,a higher percentage (50.0%) was low level followed by (46.3%) was moderate level and (3.7%) was vigorous level. A significant association found between anthropometric measurement and thyroid dysfunction except height found no significant, also found significant connection between thyroid dysfunction and international physical activity questionnaire score, and significant connection between thyroid stimulating hormones and family history, anthropometric measurements. And also significant connection between thyroid function test and thyroid dysfunction. Conclusion: significant association between hypothyroidism and low level of physical activity , obesity and morbid obesity.
Curriculum Management and Educational Assessment At the Master Program in Defense Industry, Defense University, Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Wardoyo Susilo , Hanafiah Hanafiah , Handayani Sri 
Published: July 2024

This study aims to describe curriculum management and higher education assessment systems in producing quality college graduates. This study used descriptive qualitative methods, and data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques use data validity tests with source tringulation. The results of the study show that the Curriculum Management and Educational Assessment System in the Master of Defense Industry Study Program of Unhan of the Republic of Indonesia in accordance with curriculum standards and higher education assessment systems through planning, organizing, implementing and supervising refer to the vision, mission and profile of graduates in attitudes, knowledge and skills. The conclusion and suggestion in this study is that curriculum planning and educational assessment systems in the Defense Industry Master Study Program of the Indonesian Defense University are carried out through systematic curriculum design, strict assessment standards, and comprehensive assessment instruments. Curriculum organization involves learning designs prepared by course lecturers, distribution of courses each semester, and assessment instruments applied to each subject. The implementation of the curriculum and assessment system refers to the standards of the learning process and assessment that have been set, including the academic calendar and the schedule of teaching and learning activities of each lecturer. Supervision of the curriculum and assessment system is carried out through lesson plans, supervision, reports on lecturer learning activities, academic and non-academic achievements of students, and comprehensive learning evaluation. Although the curriculum includes aspects of attitudes, knowledge, and skills, the assessment of non-academic skills such as soft skills and character needs to be considered as one of the development areas in the educational assessment system to improve the quality of graduates holistically.Keywords: Curriculum Management, Educational Assessment, Defense University of Republic of Indonesia
Marketing Public Relations Strategy Through Buy 1 Get 1 Promotion at Maxx Coffee
Authors: Kholik Abdul , Rizki Menati Fajar 
Published: July 2024

This study employs a qualitative methodology with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The key informants interviewed in this study are the Local Store Marketing Promotion Officer of PT. Maxx Coffee Prima, and two other informants, namely the Area Manager of Maxx Coffee and the Store Manager at Maxx Coffee Pejaten Village. The three methods used for the Buy 1 Get 1 promotion greatly support the success of Maxx Coffee's marketing public relations, especially through the use of social media, considering that social media currently has a wide reach and is very effective for disseminating information. Based on the results of this study, the researcher concludes that there is a visible positive impact from the implementation of the marketing public relations strategy through the Buy 1 Get 1 promotion by Maxx Coffee through several methods, including online and offline strategies, promotional events, and publications. These three methods of the Buy 1 Get 1 promotion can significantly influence the sales of Maxx Coffee products
FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE EMPLOYEES AT THE SATPOL PP OF SOUTH BENGKULU DISTRICT
Authors: Kontesa Cecilia , Anggraini Ida , Damarsiwi Eska Prima Monique 
Published: July 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of ability on employee performance at Satpol PP South Bengkulu Regency, to determine the effect of motivation on employee performance at Satpol PP South Regency and to determine the effect of ability and motivation on employee performance at Satpol PP South Bengkulu Regency. The data collection method in this research is using a questionnaire and the analysis method is multiple linear regression. Based on the results of research and discussion, it is found that ability has a significant effect on the performance of Satpol PP employees of South Bengkulu Regency because the significance value is 0.000 0.05 or the t value is 7.249 t table 2.005. Motivation has a significant effect on the performance of Satpol PP employees of South Bengkulu Regency because the significance value is 0.001 0.05 or the t value is 3.469 t table 2.005. Ability and motivation have a significant effect on the performance of Satpol PP employees of South Bengkulu Regency because the significance value is 0.000 0.05 or the value of F count 395.125 F Table 2.78. The results of multiple linear regression obtained Y = 4.227 + 0.576X1 + 0.302X2+e. The advice given to the South Bengkulu Regency Satpol PP is to continue to strive to always improve the ability of employees because employees who have good abilities in carrying out their duties will certainly have good performance in carrying out their duties. In addition, the South Bengkulu Regency Satpol PP continues to improve / increase motivation to its employees so that employee performance will be even better.
Thực trạng sức khỏe một số dân tộc thiểu số tại Việt Nam năm 2019
Authors: Hường Nguyễn Mai , Hà Nguyễn Thanh , Oanh Lưu Thị Kim , Thảo Trần Thị Phương , Chung Lê Hồng , Minh Hoàng Văn 
Published: July 2024

Nghiên cứu cắt ngang nhằm mô tả thực trạng sức khỏe của một số dân tộc thiểu số (DTTS) tại Việt Nam. Có tổng số 5024 người DTTS từ 15 tuổi trở lên của 12 tỉnh tham gia nghiên cứu. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, một số vấn đề sức khỏe phổ biến của 12 DTTS bao gồm tỷ lệ người DTTS từ 15 tuổi trở lên có ốm đau trong 3 tháng qua (chiếm 73,0%); tỷ lệ người cao tuổi đang mắc ít nhất 1 bệnh (chiếm 57,9%); tỷ lệ phụ nữ 15-49 tuổi mắc bệnh phụ khoa (30,5%); tỷ lệ phụ nữ có con dưới 5 tuổi bị tiêu chảy (chiếm 27,4%). Có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê theo vùng, nhóm tuổi, giới, trình độ học vấn, tình trạng kinh tế ở một số vấn đề sức khỏe gặp phải của đồng bào DTTS. Để giảm thiểu thực trạng sức khỏe này, cần có những giải pháp can thiệp mang tính tổng thể và đặc thù cho từng nhóm dân tộc, theo từng đặc điểm về nhân khẩu học.
Implementasi Metode Point to Point Menggunakan Mikrotik Router Board Type RB411AH Untuk Akses Jaringan Internet
Authors: Toyib Rozali , Waluyo  , Wijaya Ardi , Apridiansyah Yovi 
Published: July 2024

Permasalahan tata letak geografis dengan koneksi kabel antar gedung yang saling terisolasi dikarenakan kondisi perkantoran yang terletak diperbukitan dimana antar gedung satu terpisah dengan yang lain sehinggah tidak memungkin dilakukan penyambungan menggunakan. Metode distribusi akses point-to-point ini juga biasa digunakan menghubungkan dua kantor yang berjauhan dengan jaringan ini diharapkan seluruh pengguna dapat mengakses internet secara bersama di ruang kerja masing-masing dengan dengan wireless (nirkabel). Tujuan penelitian adalah mencoba penerapan board router akses point-to-point untuk komunikasi data secara point-to-point untuk mengatasi masalah tata letak geografis kondisi perkantoran di daerah perbukitan dimana gedung-gedung tidak dapat terkoneksi dengan kabel antar gedung terpisah satu sama lain kabel UTP maupun kabel fiber optic menggunakan mikrotik router board type RB 411AH dengan wireless. Hasil tersebut berdasarkan hasil pengujian access point dua access point dengan jarak yang sama, dimana jarak antara access point (30 meter) dengan client (laptop) adalah 15 meter, 20 meter dan 30 meter pada channel 4 dan 5 .Ada perbedaan ketika kekuatan sinyal yang diterima adalah 60%, tetapi ketika kebisingan mencapai 20%, situasinya buruk, koneksi harus mencapai 80% jika memungkinkan, dan jaringan point-to-point harus memperhatikan lokasi geografis, karena sinyal yang melalui gelombang sangat peka terhadap halangan/pohon atau bukit (LOS = line of sight).
Komparasi Metode WASPAS dan SAW Dalam Evaluasi Kinerja Guru Di Pondok Pesantren Darul Kamilin
Authors: Pratiwi Baiq Evi , Fadli Sofiansyah , Murniati Wafiah , Sudyana Didik 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membandingkan dua metode yaitu Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) dan Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) dalam mengevaluasi kinerja guru. Penelitian ini membahas sistem pendukung keputusan untuk evaluasi kinerja guru di pondok pesantren darul kamilin, di mana guru memainkan peran penting dalam pendidikan siswa. Selain membahas tinjauan literatur yang relevan dengan metode yang digunakan, penelitian ini juga menentukan tingkat efektifitas kedua metode tersebut dalam evaluasi kinerja guru. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih menyeluruh terkait dengan pemilihan metode evaluasi paling efektif antara WASPAS dan SAW untuk kinerja guru. Evaluasi hasil dari kedua menunjukkan perbedaan pada bagian hasil untuk alternatif A5, A9, A11, A13, dan A14 antara kedua metode yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini terdapat alternatif dengan nilai tertinggi berada pada alternatif A5(0.986) dan alternatif terendah berada pada alternatif A11(0.841).
Penerapan Metode Single Moving Average Untuk Memprediksi Jumlah Pertumbuhan Penduduk
Authors: Mira tania  , Ruri Ashari Dalimunthe  , Sri Rezki Maulina Azmi  
Published: July 2024

Kecamatan Buntu Pane merupakan kecamatan besar nomor 7 yang ada di Kabupaten Asahan. Wilayah Administrasi pada pemerintahan Kecamatan Buntu Pane terdiri dari 9 Desa dengan luas wilayah 157,19 Km2. Berdasarkan data dari Kecamatan Buntu Pane, migrasi masuk yang terjadi di Kecamatan Buntu Pane mengalami peningkatan yang pada tahun 2020 yaitu sebesar 24 794,00 jiwa dan laju pertumbuhan sebesar 2,16 % sehingga disimpulkan bahwa pertumbuhan penduduk di Kecamatan Buntu Pane sering mengalami peningkatan. Berdasarkan yang dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Buntu Pane, proses perhitungan kepadatan penduduk yang dilakukan masih secara manual dengan mengumpulkan informasi dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) setiap akhir tahun dan pengumpulan data dari setiap Desa dan Kelurahan sangat menghabiskan banyak waktu. Metode yang di pakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Single Moving Average. Metode ini paling sering digunakan untuk meramalkan, karena perhitungannya lebih teliti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode Single Moving Average untuk peramalan pertumbuhan penduduk Kecamatan Buntu Pane dan membuat aplikasi peramalan pertumbuhan penduduk menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan databse MySQL. Hasil penelitian itu, dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan pertumbuhan penduduk pada kecamatan Buntu Pane yang akan terjadi pada tahun berikutnya. Peramalan ini bersifat jangka panjang yakni pertahun. Informasi disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik pertumbuhan penduduk.
Perancangan Sistem Rekam Medis Elektronik Guna Pelaporan Imunisasi Vaksin Bayi Baru Lahir Dengan Metode V-Model
Authors: Reydita Nur Rahmawati Fannisa , Yuyun Yunengsih  , Yuda Syahidin  
Published: July 2024

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah sistem informasi rekam medis yang dapat digunakan untuk melaporkan imunisasi vaksin pada bayi baru lahir di RSIA Limijati Bandung. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan melalui pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, serta tinjauan pustaka dan metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan sistem ini metode V-Model dengan menggunakan aplikasi visual studio 2010. Tujuan dari penelitian ini dibuatencangkup informasi pengolahan dan pelaporan data vaksinasi di Rumah Sakit sehingga tenaga medis dapat melaporkan hasilnya secara cepat dan akurat kepada dinas Kesehatan. Dalam proses penelitian permasalahan terkait pencampuran data vaksin bayi baru lahir dengan data anak dewasa sehingga menyulitkan pelaporan yang spesifik dilakukan secara manual. Diharapkan hasil dari penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan medis dengan melaporkan imunisasi vaksin bayi baru lahir secara efisien dan akurat.
GAMBARAN KADAR PLUMBUM (Pb) PADA RAMBUT PEKERJA BENGKEL LAS DI SEKITARAN JALAN BAKTI LUHUR KECAMATAN HELVETIA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Sinaga Andrian Fernanda , Aruan Dyna Grace Romatua 
Published: July 2024

Plumbum memencar pada lingkungan sejumlah 0,0002 % pada lapisan alam lalu bisa berwujud semacam logam murni, anorganik, toksik. Bengkel las disebut sebagai unit industri yang berusaha dalam unit pengelasan berbagai macam logam dan semacamnya. Rambut dijadikan sampel penelitian lantaran menyimpan tempo kurun waktu 6 bulan. Pegiat bengkel las beroperasi melalui mengaitkan pemanasan antara sepasang logam lewat temperatur yang tinggi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengetahui kadar plumbum yang terkandung pada rambut pekerja bengkel las di sekitar Jalan Bakti Luhur Kecamatan Helvetia pada tahun 2024. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian uji laboratorium yang dilakukan secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di UPTD Laboratorium Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Mei 2024. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rambut pekerja bengkel las yang berjumlah 15 orang di sekitar Jalan Bakti Luhur Kecamatan Helvetia pada tahun 2024. Metode pemeriksaan yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan SSA (Atomic Absorpsi Spectrophotometry) alat. Kadar Pb pada 15 (lima belas) sampel rambut pekerja bengkel las di sekitar Jalan Bakti Luhur Kecamatan Helvetia tahun 2024, dengan variabel lama kerja > 20 tahun (A1) 22,10 ppm termasuk tingkat pencemaran sedang 10-25 ppm, sedangkan sampel A2 - A15 dinyatakan tingkat pencemaran rendah < 10 ppm menurut WHO 1995.
REFLEXÃO SOBRE O CONCEITO DE QUALIDADE NA INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Cantanhêde Gilvana Nascimento Rodrigues 
Published: July 2024

O termo qualidade é constantemente utilizado em todas as áreas de conhecimento e, frequentemente, está atrelado a excelência. Neste trabalho buscou-se refletir sobre o termo qualidade voltado tanto a educação de modo geral, quanto especificamente, a inclusão escolar. Esta pesquisa é de cunho bibliográfico além de buscar nas bases da scielo sobre os trabalhos que mencionasse o termo qualidade, depois acrescentou-se ao termo a palavra educação, ou seja, qualidade na educação e por fim qualidade, inclusão e deficiência. No primeiro momento foi possível verificar que de forma geral, o termo qualidade foi encontrado em 28.865 trabalhos, porém, quando se pesquisou por qualidade na educação o número cai para 2.338 trabalhos, e finalmente, ao pesquisar por qualidade, educação, inclusão e deficiência os trabalhos se resumiram a 14 artigos. De fato, é comumente utilizado o termo qualidade em diversos trabalhos científicos, no entanto, poucos trabalhos se apropriam do significado da palavra.
METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE FLUCTUATIONS OF THE CAR'S CUSHIONED MASS WITH ASYMMETRICALLY PLACED LOAD
Authors: Akhatov Semyat , Berik Zholdas , Ivanovtseva Natalya 
Published: July 2024

The research showed that in the study of fluctuations of the car's upright mass the fluctuations of the car's unconstrained mass can be ignored, because the unconstrained ­mass transmits to the upright mass the vibrations only of high frequency and small amplitude, which impose only some high frequency vibration, close ­to the sound vibration, and therefore have ­no effect on the appearance of ­resonance at the vibration of the upright mass. The practice of calculating vertical oscillations of the car's cushioned mass and not taking into account the track elasticity does not result in errors exceeding 1-3%. Such an error in the results of calculating the oscillations of the car's cushioned mass is quite ­acceptable for solving the task set in the thesis work. In the article the problem of oscillations of the unrestrained mass ­of the ­open rolling stock at asymmetric location of cargo is considered ­under the assumption that only long irregularities of railroad strings in a vertical ­plane are considered as a ­random function of influence from the railroad track.