bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of viticultural practices and winemaking technologies on phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Negroamaro red wines
Authors: Coletta Antonio , Trani Antonio , Faccia Michele , Punzi Rossana , Dipalmo Tiziana , Crupi Pasquale , Antonacci Donato , Gambacorta Giuseppe 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of some viticultural practices (VP) and winemaking technologies (WT) on phenolic composition and sensory characteristics of Negroamaro wines produced in Apulia, Southern Italy. Among VP, two soil management (cover crop and soil tillage) and two training systems (bilateral cordon and unilateral cordon) were compared, whereas among WT, three vinifications were tested: control (traditional, 7 days of maceration at 25 °C with two daily punching‐down), cryomaceration (24 h at 0 °C using dry ice) and ultrasound (37 kHz, 150 W, 15 min at 30 °C). Results showed that cover cropping decreased the concentration of flavonoids, whereas bilateral cordon training led to an increase of flavonoids and total polyphenols. Among technologies applied, the cryomaceration led to enrichment in anthocyanins and to impoverishment in total polyphenols, whereas ultrasound treatment improved the extraction of all phenol classes. Cryomacerated wines from the combination soil tillage and unilateral cordon were characterised by the best olfactory and gustatory sensory characteristics. Cryomaceration increased the notes of soft fruits and liquorice, whereas ultrasonic treatment did increase descriptors of violet, soft fruits and black pepper.
Responses of pharmacy students to hypothetical refusal of emergency hormonal contraception
Authors: Hope Denise L , King Michelle A , Hattingh H Laetitia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Objectives
To explore pharmacy students' ethical behaviour and care towards patients in relation to the provision of emergency hormonal contraception (EHC).

Methods
Three hundred and forty-seven pharmacy students were presented a hypothetical scenario involving refusal of EHC, based on religious or moral grounds, and asked to write responses as to how the patient should be managed; 270 (77.8%) responded.

Key findings
Of all respondents, 90.4% referred the patient to another health professional to facilitate continuity of care, with referrals increasing as students progressed through the programme. Religion had no influence on referral, while female gender was related to increased referral.

Conclusions
Gender difference, if continued into practice, has the potential to negatively impact on patient care.
Labile compounds in plant litter reduce the sensitivity of decomposition to warming and altered precipitation
Authors: Suseela Vidya , Tharayil Nishanth , Xing Baoshan , Dukes Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Together, climate and litter quality strongly regulate decomposition rates. Although these two factors and their interaction have been studied across species in continent‐scale experiments, few researchers have studied how labile and recalcitrant compounds interact to influence decomposition, or the climate sensitivity of decomposition, within a litter type.

Over a period of 3 yr, we studied the effects of warming and altered precipitation on mass loss and compound‐specific decomposition using two litter types that possessed similar heteropolymer chemistry, but different proportions of labile and recalcitrant compounds.

Climate treatments immediately affected the mass loss of the more recalcitrant litter, but affected the more labile litter only after 2 yr. After 3 yr, although both litter types had lost similar amounts of mass, warming (c. 4°C) and supplemental precipitation (150% of ambient) together accelerated the degradation of alkyl‐carbon and lignin only in the more recalcitrant litter, highlighting the role of initial litter quality in determining whether the chemistry of litter residues converges or diverges under different climates. Our finding that labile compounds in litter reduce the climate sensitivity of mass loss and the decomposition of recalcitrant matrix is novel.

Our results highlight the potential for litter quality to regulate the effect of climatic changes on the sequestration of litter‐derived carbon.
The PGPR strain Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 induces a reproductive delay and physiological changes that result in improved drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bresson Justine , Varoquaux Fabrice , Bontpart Thibaut , Touraine Bruno , Vile Denis 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Understanding how biotic interactions can improve plant tolerance to drought is a challenging prospect for agronomy and ecology. Plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are promising candidates but the phenotypic changes induced by PGPR under drought remain to be elucidated.

We investigated the effects of Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 strain, a PGPR isolated from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape, on two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana with contrasting flowering time. We measured multiple morphophysiological traits related to plant growth and development in order to quantify the added value of the bacteria to drought‐response strategies of Arabidopsis in soil conditions.

A delay in reproductive development induced by the bacteria resulted in a gain of biomass that was independent of the accession and the watering regime. Coordinated changes in transpiration, ABA content, photosynthesis and development resulted in higher water‐use efficiency and a better tolerance to drought of inoculated plants.

Our findings give new insights into the ecophysiological bases by which PGPR can confer stress tolerance to plants. Rhizobacteria‐induced delay in flowering time could represent a valuable strategy for increasing biomass yield, whereas rhizobacteria‐induced improvement of water use is of particular interest in multiple scenarios of water availability.
An audit investigating outcomes of referrals rejected from Surrey PCT (now NHS England)'s oral surgery triage service
Authors: Pepper J.R.E. , Sowerbutts J.D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo conduct an audit investigating the treatment outcomes of patients whose referrals were rejected from Surrey Primary Care Trust [now National Health Service (NHS) England]'s Dento‐Alveolar Referral Service (DARS – an oral surgery triage service) in order to ensure that the system is safe and effective for patients and dentists.MethodsData about referrals rejected by DARS between September 2011 and February 2012 were collected from the referral management centre. A short questionnaire was sent to the dentists of the patients rejected, requesting details of treatment outcomes for the patients involved.ResultsTwo per cent of all referrals received were rejected during this period. Ninety‐one per cent of questionnaires sent out were returned. The majority of dentists (87%) had only one referral rejected. The most frequently rejected teeth were upper third molars. More than half of rejected referrals (55%) were subsequently treated within the patient's own dental practice. Seven per cent of rejections were re‐referred to DARS and accepted when extra information was provided. The remaining 38% either did not return (16%), were kept under review (14%), or were treated in other locations (8%). Of 23 extractions attempted by the referring dentist, only two (9%) involved minor complications.ConclusionsPatients rejected from DARS are generally being treated successfully elsewhere. This small study suggests that DARS does not put patients at risk. The Local Dental Committee agreed that dentists were not being forced to work outside their competencies. The referral criteria and rejection process should remain the same. NHS England must continue to identify and support training needs amongst referring dentists.
Using Twitter to Teach Reader‐Oriented Biblical Interpretation: “Tweading” the Gospel of Mark
Authors: Williamson Robert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwitter offers an engaging way to introduce students to reader‐oriented interpretation of the Bible. The exercise described here introduces students to the idea that the reader has a role in the production of a text's meaning, which thus varies from reader to reader. Twitter enables us to capture the real‐time thoughts of a variety of respondents to the text of Mark as it is read aloud. Students can concretely observe the effects of particular textual moments on individual respondents as well as analyze their general interpretive stances with regard to the text as a whole. Students come to grasp that the meaning of the text varies depending on the reader, setting the stage for more complex theoretical discussion of reader‐response theory, the reader's role in the production of meaning, the adjudication of “allowed” and “disallowed” interpretations, and the appropriateness of “reader‐response” criticisms for texts that were composed to be encountered orally.
A Bacterial Phosphatase-Like Enzyme of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum Possesses Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity and Is Implicated in the Regulation of Band 3 Dynamics during Parasite Invasion
Authors: Fernandez-Pol Sebastian , Slouka Zdenek , Bhattacharjee Souvik , Fedotova Yana , Freed Stefan , An Xiuli , Holder Anthony A. , Campanella Estela , Low Philip S. , Mohandas Narla , Haldar Kasturi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Eukaryotic parasites of the genus
Plasmodium
cause malaria by invading and developing within host erythrocytes. Here, we demonstrate that PfShelph2, a gene product of
Plasmodium falciparum
that belongs to the
Shewanella
-like phosphatase (Shelph) subfamily, selectively hydrolyzes phosphotyrosine, as shown for other previously studied Shelph family members. In the extracellular merozoite stage, PfShelph2 localizes to vesicles that appear to be distinct from those of rhoptry, dense granule, or microneme organelles. During invasion, PfShelph2 is released from these vesicles and exported to the host erythrocyte.
In vitro
, PfShelph2 shows tyrosine phosphatase activity against the host erythrocyte protein Band 3, which is the most abundant tyrosine-phosphorylated species of the erythrocyte. During
P. falciparum
invasion, Band 3 undergoes dynamic and rapid clearance from the invasion junction within 1 to 2 s of parasite attachment to the erythrocyte. Release of Pfshelph2 occurs after clearance of Band 3 from the parasite-host cell interface and when the parasite is nearly or completely enclosed in the nascent vacuole. We propose a model in which the phosphatase modifies Band 3 in time to restore its interaction with the cytoskeleton and thus reestablishes the erythrocyte cytoskeletal network at the end of the invasion process.
Meningitis and Endocarditis Caused by Campylobacter fetus after Raw-Liver Ingestion
Authors: Suy Florence , Le Dû Damien , Roux Anne-Laure , Hanachi Mouna , Dinh Aurélien , Crémieux Anne-Claude 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

We report
Campylobacter fetus
meningitis associated with endocarditis in a 75-year-old diabetic man after he consumed raw liver.
C. fetus
was isolated from blood samples and cerebrospinal fluid. Cure was obtained with combined intravenous imipenem-gentamicin for 4 weeks; no relapse occurred after 6 months of follow-up.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Can Accurately Differentiate between Mycobacterium masilliense (M. abscessus subspecies bolletti) and M. abscessus (
Sensu Stricto
)
Authors: Teng Shih-Hua , Chen Chung-Ming , Lee Meng-Rui , Lee Tai-Fen , Chien Kun-Yi , Teng Lee-Jene , Hsueh Po-Ren 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Among 36
Mycobacterium masilliense
and 22
M. abscessus
isolates identified by
erm
(41) PCR and sequencing analysis of
rpoB
and 23S rRNA genes, the rate of accurate differentiation between these two subspecies was 100% by cluster analysis of spectra generated by Bruker Biotyper matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry.
Rotavirus NSP1 Mediates Degradation of Interferon Regulatory Factors through Targeting of the Dimerization Domain
Authors: Arnold Michelle M. , Barro Mario , Patton John T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTRotavirus nonstructural protein NSP1 can inhibit expression of interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated gene products by inducing proteasome-mediated degradation of IFN-regulatory factors (IRFs), including IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7. All IRF proteins share an N-terminal DNA-binding domain (DBD), and IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7 contain a similar C-proximal IRF association domain (IAD) that mediates IRF dimerization. An autoinhibitory domain (ID) at the extreme C terminus interacts with the IAD, burying residues necessary for IRF dimerization. Phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues in the ID induces charge repulsions that unmask the IAD, enabling IRF dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation. To define the region of IRF proteins targeted for degradation by NSP1, we generated IRF3 and IRF7 truncation mutants and transiently expressed each with simian SA11-4F NSP1. These assays indicated that the IAD represented a necessary and sufficient target for degradation. Because NSP1 did not mediate degradation of truncated forms of the IAD, NSP1 likely requires a structurally intact IAD for recognition and targeting of IRF proteins. IRF9, which contains an IAD-like region that directs interactions with signal inducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, was also targeted for degradation by NSP1, while IRF1, which lacks an IAD, was not. Analysis of mutant forms of IRF3 unable to undergo dimerization or that were constitutively dimeric showed that both were targeted for degradation by NSP1. These results indicate that SA11-4F NSP1 can induce degradation of inactive and activated forms of IAD-containing IRF proteins (IRF3 to IRF9), allowing a multipronged attack on IFN-based pathways that promote antiviral innate and adaptive immune responses.
CD4
+
T Cells Support Production of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Env Antibodies That Enforce CD4-Dependent Entry and Shape Tropism
In Vivo
Authors: Francella Nicholas , Gwyn Sarah E. , Yi Yanjie , Li Bing , Xiao Peng , Elliott Sarah T. C. , Ortiz Alexandra M. , Hoxie James A. , Paiardini Mirko , Silvestri Guido , Derdeyn Cynthia A. , Collman Ronald G. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

CD4
+
T cells rather than macrophages are the principal cells infected by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)
in vivo
. Macrophage tropism has been linked to the ability to enter cells through CCR5 in conjunction with limiting CD4 levels, which are much lower on macrophages than on T cells. We recently reported that rhesus macaques (RM) experimentally depleted of CD4
+
T cells before SIV infection exhibit extensive macrophage infection as well as high chronic viral loads and rapid progression to AIDS. Here we show that early-time-point and control Envs were strictly CD4 dependent but that, by day 42 postinfection, plasma virus of CD4
+
T cell-depleted RM was dominated by Envs that mediate efficient infection using RM CCR5 independently of CD4. Early-time-point and control RM Envs were resistant to neutralization by SIV-positive (SIV
+
) plasma but became sensitive if preincubated with sCD4. In contrast, CD4-independent Envs were highly sensitive to SIV
+
plasma neutralization. However, plasma from SIV-infected CD4
+
T cell-depleted animals lacked this CD4-inducible neutralizing activity and failed to neutralize any Envs regardless of sCD4 pre-exposure status. Enhanced sensitivity of CD4-independent Envs from day 42 CD4
+
T cell-depleted RM was also seen with monoclonal antibodies that target both known CD4-inducible and other Env epitopes. CD4 independence and neutralization sensitivity were both conferred by Env amino acid changes E84K and D470N that arose independently in multiple animals, with the latter introducing a potential N-linked glycosylation site within a predicted CD4-binding pocket of gp120. Thus, the absence of CD4 T cells results in failure to produce antibodies that neutralize CD4-independent Envs and CD4-pretriggered control Envs. In the absence of this constraint and with a relative paucity of CD4
+
target cells, widespread macrophage infection occurs
in vivo
accompanied by emergence of variants carrying structural changes that enable entry independently of CD4.
Endogenous Gammaretrovirus Acquisition in Mus musculus Subspecies Carrying Functional Variants of the XPR1 Virus Receptor
Authors: Bamunusinghe Devinka , Liu Qingping , Lu Xiaoyu , Oler Andrew , Kozak Christine A. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

The xenotropic and polytropic mouse leukemia viruses (X-MLVs and P-MLVs, respectively) have different host ranges but use the same functionally polymorphic receptor, XPR1, for entry. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) of these 2 gammaretrovirus subtypes are largely segregated in different house mouse subspecies, but both MLV types are found in the classical strains of laboratory mice, which are genetic mosaics of 3 wild mouse subspecies. To describe the subspecies origins of laboratory mouse XP-MLV ERVs and their coevolutionary trajectory with their XPR1 receptor, we screened the house mouse subspecies for known and novel
Xpr1
variants and for the individual full-length XP-MLV ERVs found in the sequenced C57BL mouse genome. The 12 X-MLV ERVs predate the origins of laboratory mice; they were all traced to Japanese wild mice and are embedded in the 5% of the laboratory mouse genome derived from the Asian
Mus musculus musculus
and, in one case, in the <1% derived from
M. m. castaneus
. While all 31 P-MLV ERVs map to the 95% of the laboratory mouse genome derived from P-MLV-infected
M. m. domesticus
, no C57BL P-MLV ERVs were found in wild
M. m. domesticus
. All
M. m. domesticus
mice carry the fully permissive XPR1 receptor allele, but all of the various restrictive XPR1 receptors, including the X-MLV-restricting laboratory mouse
Xpr1

n

and a novel
M. m. castaneus
allele, originated in X-MLV-infected Asian mice. Thus, P-MLV ERVs show more insertional polymorphism than X-MLVs, and these differences in ERV acquisition and fixation are linked to subspecies-specific and functionally distinct XPR1 receptor variants.
What is the patient experience in advanced liver disease? A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Kimbell Barbara , Murray Scott A 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThere has been a dramatic increase in liver disease over recent decades, with morbidity and mortality rates predicted to rise significantly. In order to effectively support this growing patient population we need to understand the experiences, key issues and priorities of people living and dying with advanced liver disease.AimsTo establish what is currently known about the patient experience of advanced liver disease.MethodsScoping literature review. We searched MedLine, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases. Eligibility criteria: original research and review papers written in English since 1990 relating to the adult patient experience of advanced liver disease. Papers focusing on treatment development, acute liver failure or post liver transplantation were excluded.Results240 abstracts were identified and 121 articles reviewed in full. Patients with advanced liver disease experience many physical and psychosocial challenges, often of a greater severity than those reported in other advanced conditions. They are affected by gastrointestinal problems and fatigue, with both linked to higher levels of depression. Socio-demographic variations in the patient experience occur. Only two studies explored the holistic patient experience.ConclusionsOur knowledge of the patient experience in advanced liver disease is mainly from quality of life instruments and quantitative research. There are methodological limitations in the existing research such that the holistic patient experience is not well described. Qualitative longitudinal research has great potential for contributing to our understanding of the complex needs and experiences of patients living with advanced liver disease.
TGF-β Modulates Ovarian Cancer Invasion by Upregulating CAF-Derived Versican in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Yeung Tsz-Lun , Leung Cecilia S. , Wong Kwong-Kwok , Samimi Goli , Thompson Melissa S. , Liu Jinsong , Zaid Tarrik M. , Ghosh Sue , Birrer Michael J. , Mok Samuel C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
TGF-β has limited effects on ovarian cancer cells, but its contributions to ovarian tumor growth might be mediated through elements of the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that TGF modulates ovarian cancer progression by modulating the contribution of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) that are present in the microenvironment. Transcriptome profiling of microdissected stromal and epithelial components of high-grade serous ovarian tumors and TGF-β–treated normal ovarian fibroblasts identified versican (VCAN) as a key upregulated target gene in CAFs. Functional evaluations in coculture experiments showed that TGF-β enhanced the aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells by upregulating VCAN in CAFs. VCAN expression was regulated in CAFs through TGF-β receptor type II and SMAD signaling. Upregulated VCAN promoted the motility and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and by upregulating expression of CD44, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor. Our work identified a TGF-β–inducible gene signature specific to CAFs in advanced high-grade serous ovarian tumors, and showed how TGF-β stimulates ovarian cancer cell motility and invasion by upregulating the CAF-specific gene VCAN. These findings suggest insights to develop or refine strategies for TGF-β–targeted therapy of ovarian cancer. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5016–28. ©2013 AACR.
A c-Myc Activation Sensor-Based High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies an Antineoplastic Effect of Nitazoxanide
Authors: Fan-Minogue Hua , Bodapati Sandhya , Solow-Cordero David , Fan Alice , Paulmurugan Ramasamy , Massoud Tarik F. , Felsher Dean W. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Deregulation of c-Myc plays a central role in the tumorigenesis of many human cancers. Yet, the development of drugs regulating c-Myc activity has been challenging. To facilitate the identification of c-Myc inhibitors, we developed a molecular imaging sensor–based high-throughput screening (HTS) system. This system uses a cell-based assay to detect c-Myc activation in a HTS format, which is established from a pure clone of a stable breast cancer cell line that constitutively expresses a c-Myc activation sensor. Optimization of the assay performance in the HTS format resulted in uniform and robust signals at the baseline. Using this system, we conducted a quantitative HTS against approximately 5,000 existing bioactive compounds from five different libraries. Thirty-nine potential hits were identified, including currently known c-Myc inhibitors. There are a few among the top potent hits that are not known for anti–c-Myc activity. One of these hits is nitazoxanide, a thiazolide for treating human protozoal infections. Validation of nitazoxanide in different cancer cell lines revealed a high potency for c-Myc inhibition with IC50 ranging between 10 and 500 nmol/L. Oral administration of nitazoxanide in breast cancer xenograft mouse models significantly suppressed tumor growth by inhibition of c-Myc and induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest a potential of nitazoxanide to be repurposed as a new antitumor agent for inhibition of c-Myc–associated neoplasia. Our work also demonstrated the unique advantage of molecular imaging in accelerating discovery of drugs for c-Myc–targeted cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1896–905. ©2013 AACR.