bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease from Three‐Dimensional Vectorcardiographic Parameters
Authors: Pan Dianzhu , Liu Renguang , Ren Shuzhen , Li Changjun , Chang Qinghua 
Published: September 2015

AimThe objective of our study was to assess diagnostic value of three‐dimensional (3D) vectorcardiographic (VCG) parameters in detecting pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) with and without right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH).MethodsThe study group of 62 patients with COPD was stratified on the basis of color Doppler echocardiographic findings into three subgroups: non‐PAH (n = 23), PAH without RVH (n = 22), and PAH with RVH (n = 17). Pairwise differences between the subgroups were evaluated by one‐way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the significance of the correlations between pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) and various VCG parameters.ResultsThe azimuth of the QRS vector decreased from −24° in the non‐PAH group to −62° in PAH without RVH and to −140° in PAH with RVH (P < 0.01 for pairwise differences between all three groups). Similar significant decrease was observed for the azimuth of the ventricular gradient (VG) vector. Spatial QRS/T angle increased from 69° in the non‐PAH group to 115° in PAH without RVH (P < 0.01). In the PAH group with RVH, QRS/T angle was 94° (P < 0.05 for difference from the non‐PAH group). There was a significant correlation between PASP and QRS/T angle (r = 0.89, P < 0.05) and between PASP and the azimuth of the VG vector (r = 0.86, P < 0.05). PASP increase from linear regression model was 0.8 mmHg for a QRS/T angle increase by 10° and 1.3 mmHg for each 10° increase in the azimuth of the VG vector.Conclusion3DVCG parameters are potentially useful for predicting PASP in COLD patients, and possibly also for differentiation between COLD patients with PAH and RVH from those without RVH.
Countermovement, Neoliberal Platoon, or Re‐Gifting Depot? Understanding Decommodification in US Food Banks
Authors: Lindenbaum John 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the decommodification that takes place in US food banks. I argue that food banks are neither Polanyian countermovements re‐embedding the market in society nor tiny platoons of neoliberalism that advance market relations and state withdrawal. Rather, food banks are best understood as re‐gifting depots that are part of the capital accumulation process. Recent scholarship on primitive accumulation, the disarticulations approach, and waste suggests that the devaluation of food products and the exclusion of human labor are everyday elements of capitalism. I conclude by examining the potential for progressive politics in US food banking.
Long‐Term Mechanical Circulatory Support in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sandica Eugen , Blanz Ute , Mime Lotfi Ben , Schultz‐Kaizler Ursula , Kececioglu Deniz , Haas Nikolaus , Kirchner Guenther , zu Knyphausen Edzard , Lauenroth Volker , Morshuis Michiel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis retrospective study reviews our results regarding the long‐term support in pediatric patients using two ventricular assist systems between January 2008 and April 2014. We implanted the Berlin Heart EXCOR in 29 patients (median age 3.4 years [interquartile range (IQR) 0.2–16.5], median weight 13 kg [IQR 4.2–67.2]). Twenty‐two patients (75.8%) received a left ventricular assist device. Three patients (10.3%) had single‐ventricle physiology. One patient (3.4%) had mechanical mitral valve prosthesis. The HeartWare System was implanted in nine patients. The median age was 15.6 years (IQR 12.2–17.9), and the median weight was 54.9 kg (IQR 27.7–66). In the Berlin Heart group, the median support time was 65 days (IQR 4–619), with 3647 days of cardiac support. Nineteen patients (65.5%) were transplanted, six patients (20.7%) recovered, one patient (3.4%) is on support, and three patients (10.3%) died on support. Survival rate was 89.7%. Fourteen blood pumps had been exchanged. Four patients (13.8%) had local signs of infection, and three patients (10.3%) had neurological complications. In the HeartWare group, the median support time was 180 days (IQR 1–1124), with 2839 days of cardiac support. Four patients (44.4%) had local signs of infection, and three (33.3%) had neurological complications. Eight patients (88.9%) have been transplanted, and one patient (11.1%) died on support. Survival rate was 88.9%. Excellent survival is possible after long‐term mechanical circulatory support in patients with two‐ and single‐ventricle physiology with a low rate of adverse events.
Hemolysis Related to Turbulent Eddy Size Distributions Using Comparisons of Experiments to Computations
Authors: Ozturk Mesude , O'Rear Edgar A. , Papavassiliou Dimitrios V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTurbulent blood flow in medical devices contributes to blood trauma, yet the exact mechanism(s) have not been fully elucidated. Local turbulent stresses, viscous stresses, and the rate of dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy have been proffered as hypotheses to describe and predict blood damage. In this work, simulations of experiments in a Couette flow viscometer and a capillary tube were used to examine extensive properties of the turbulent flow field and to investigate contributing factors for red blood cell hemoglobin release in turbulence by eddy analysis. It was found that hemolysis occurred when dissipative eddies were comparable in size to the red blood cells. The Kolmogorov length scale was used to quantify the size of smaller turbulent eddies, indicating correspondence of hemolysis with number and surface area of eddies smaller than about 10 μm when a k‐ε turbulence model is adopted.
Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography findings of Dyke‐Davidoff‐Masson‐like syndrome in a cat
Authors: Song RB , Glass EN , Kent M , Castro FA , de Lahunta A 
Published: September 2015

Case reportA 3.5‐year‐old spayed female Domestic Shorthair cat was evaluated for new onset seizures and lateralising signs indicative of a lesion in the right prosencephalon. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the head revealed hypoplasia of the right cerebral hemisphere and changes in the overlying cranium, including hyperostosis and expansion of the diploic space, resulting in an increased pneumatisation of the rostral bones of the cranium. A congenital injury to the cerebral hemisphere and secondary changes of the cranium in response to the decreased brain parenchyma was presumed. Similar changes have been previously recognised in human patients with unilateral anomalies of the cerebral hemispheres, termed Dyke‐Davidoff‐Masson syndrome (DDMS).ConclusionThe case presented is the first clinical and imaging description of a cat with a syndrome that closely resembles DDMS in humans. The description of the syndrome allows recognition of an additional differential for seizures in a young patient and informs the clinician of the imaging characteristics of the cranium seen with early loss of brain parenchyma.
Trait perfectionism strengthens the negative effects of moral stressors occurring in veterinary practice
Authors: Crane MF , Phillips JK , Karin E 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveMoral challenges are a unique class of workplace stressor where behaviours violate one's personal moral beliefs regarding how things should be done or one's perceived obligations. Morally challenging stressors exist in many workplaces and at times can transform into marked emotional distress, referred to as moral distress. In this study we investigated the degree to which morally significant stressors are related to psychological distress and resilience in a sample of Australian veterinarians. Further, we explored the role of trait perfectionism in strengthening the relationship between exposure to morally significant stressors and psychological distress. Trait perfectionism is the tendency to have very high and rigid standards for the self and/or others and is often implicated in the experience of psychological distress.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey sampled 540 Australian‐registered veterinarians (64.2% female), ranging in age from 23 to 74 years.ResultsAlthough morally significant stressors were related to increases in milder expressions of distress, they did not appear to be associated with more severe decrements in psychological wellbeing. Rather, it was the combination of these triggering stressor events and trait perfectionism that appeared to create the vulnerability to moral stressors.ConclusionThe findings suggest that trait perfectionism is an individual difference that enhances vulnerability to the risk of greater distress in response to morally challenging events in veterinary practice. The implications of these findings and directions for further research are discussed.
Negative pressure wound therapy with instillation for body wall reconstruction using an artificial mesh in a Dachshund
Authors: Nolff MC , Layer A , Meyer‐Lindenberg A 
Published: September 2015

Case reportA 4‐year‐old spayed female Dachshund was presented in shock, displaying multiple haematomas and puncture wounds along the left abdominal wall and ventral aspect of the abdomen after being attacked by another dog. A defect of the left lateral body wall was palpated. Surgery revealed a massive body wall defect and concurrent injury of the intestines. Surgical debridement was performed and the injured portion of the jejunum was resected. The abdominal wall was reconstructed using a polypropylene mesh. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with instillation of 0.04% polyhexanide (−125 mmHg, instillation interval of 2 h, duration 20 min) was started. Microbial culture after reconstruction of the defect and before application of the NPWTi dressing revealed multiresistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. The NPWT dressing was changed on days 2, 5 and 7. Microbial cultures obtained at the first two dressing changes were negative. Therapy was well tolerated and the mesh was completely covered by granulation tissue after 10 days, when the wound was surgically closed.ConclusionBite wounds frequently result in massive, contaminated defects with impaired perfusion, and reconstruction using foreign material carries the risk of biofilm formation and infection. Instillation therapy may provide an alternative for bacterial clearance and fast integration of the mesh.
A critical review of low‐carbohydrate diets in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: van Wyk H. J. , Davis R. E. , Davies J. S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsThe efficacy of low‐carbohydrate diets (LCD) in people with Type 2 diabetes has divided the nutrition community. This review seeks to re‐examine the available data to clarify understanding.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases was used to identify meta‐analyses of LCD in Type 2 diabetes. To improve the quality of the studies analysed, the following inclusion criteria were applied: randomized control trials ≥ 4 weeks in people aged > 18 years with Type 2 diabetes; a carbohydrate intake ≤ 45% of total energy intake per day; and a dietary intake assessment at the end of the study. The resulting studies were subjected to a thematic analysis.ResultsNine meta‐analyses were identified containing 153 studies. Twelve studies met our amended inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in metabolic markers, including glycaemic control, between the two diets, although weight loss with a LCD was greater in one study. Carbohydrate intake at 1 year in very LCD (< 50 g of carbohydrates) ranged from 132 to 162 g. In some studies, the difference between diets was as little as 8 g/day of carbohydrates.ConclusionTotal energy intake remains the dietary predictor of body weight. A LCD appears no different from a high‐carbohydrate diet in terms of metabolic markers and glycaemic control. Very LCDs may not be sustainable over a medium to longer term as carbohydrate intake in diets within studies often converged toward a more moderate level. The variable quality of studies included in earlier meta‐analyses likely explains the previous inconsistent findings between meta‐analyses.
Societal costs of diabetes mellitus in Denmark
Authors: Sortsø C. , Green A. , Jensen P. B. , Emneus M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo provide comprehensive real‐world evidence on societal diabetes‐attributable costs in Denmark.MethodsNational register data are linked on an individual level through unique central personal registration numbers in Denmark. All patients in the Danish National Diabetes Register in 2011 (N= 318 729) were included in this study. Complication status was defined according to data from the Danish National Hospital Register. Diabetes‐attributable costs were calculated as the difference between costs of patients with diabetes and the expected costs given the annual resource consumption of the diabetes‐free population.ResultsSocietal costs attributable to diabetes were estimated to be at least 4.27 billionEURin 2011, corresponding to 14,349EURper patient‐year. A twofold higher healthcare resource usage was found for patients with diabetes as compared with the diabetes‐free population.Attributable costs, grouped according to different components, were 732 millionEURfor primary and secondary care services, 153 millionEURfor pharmaceutical drugs, 851 millionEURfor nursing services, 1.77 billionEURin lost productivity and 761 millionEURfor additional costs. A steep increase in diabetes‐attributable costs was found for patients with major complications compared with patients without complications across all cost components. For attributable healthcare costs this increase was estimated to be 6,992EURper person‐year after controlling for potential confounders.ConclusionsNearly half of the total costs of patients with diabetes can be attributed directly to their diabetes. The majority of costs are incurred among patients with major complications pointing to the importance of secondary preventive efforts among patients with diabetes.
Alveolar process fractures in the permanent dentition. Part 1. Etiology and clinical characteristics. A retrospective analysis of 299 cases involving 815 teeth
Authors: Andreasen Jens Ove , Lauridsen Eva 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo describe the etiology and clinical characteristics of alveolar process fractures treated in a regional trauma clinic.Material and methodThe study is a retrospective descriptive analysis of 299 patients (180 males, 119 females; 815 permanent teeth) diagnosed with fractures of the alveolar process.ResultsViolence was the overall most frequent cause of injury in men (44%), whereas the three most common causes of this type of injury in women were violence (33%), falls (32%), or traffic injuries (26%). Fracture of the alveolar process occurred most frequently in the maxilla (74%) and less frequently in the mandible (26%). The majority of the fractures involved only two teeth (57%) but occasionally involved up to seven teeth. The age at fracture ranged from 5 to 90 years; alveolar process fractures occurred most frequently between 15 and 25 years of age (43%). Concomitant soft tissue injuries were present in 73%. The most frequent location of the mandibular fracture line was along the periodontal ligament of the canine and in the sagittal suture between the two central maxillary incisors. This pattern appears to correlate with weak zones in the jaws.ConclusionIn conclusion, alveolar process fractures are rare. They occur most frequently in young males and are often associated with violence. Concomitant soft tissue injuries are frequent. This type of injury accordingly appears to result from a frontal impact transmitted through a soft tissue shield (the lips) where the zone of least resistance gives in, namely the periodontal ligament and areas where the alveolar bone is thin.
Dietary and phylogenetic correlates of digestive trypsin activity in insect pests
Authors: Lazarević Jelica , Janković‐Tomanić Milena 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBecause food proteins are crucial for insect survival, growth, and fecundity, enzymes involved in their digestion have attracted the attention of fundamental entomologists studying the mechanisms and patterns of dietary specialization, and applied entomologists searching for more efficient modes of pest control. Most insects digest proteins using trypsin, an endopeptidase that cleaves polypeptide chains on the carboxyl side of arginine and lysine, two basic amino acids. As the most ancestral proteinase, trypsin is wide‐spread in the digestive tract of insects from various orders and with various feeding habits. The present review focuses on biochemical and molecular characteristics, mechanisms of regulation, and adaptive/non‐adaptive changes of trypsin activity in response to heterogeneous food environments in a phylogenetic context. Within‐ and among‐species variations in trypsin structure and regulation that contribute to better matching with specific food types are emphasized. We also discuss the relevance of these data for choosing an appropriate strategy for control of insect pests. Pest control strategies to reduce trypsin activity by interfering with substrate binding or trypsin synthesis and secretion have been suggested. Successful application of these procedures requires a multidisciplinary approach and knowledge about digestive physiology of the pest, as well as the structural characteristics of trypsins that determine their interaction with proteinaceous inhibitors and other food compounds, about patterns of developmental changes in trypsin gene expression, adaptive responses of insects to food composition, and various environmental effects on trypsin activity.
The selectivity of responses to red‐green colour and achromatic contrast in the human visual cortex: an fMRI adaptation study
Authors: Mullen Kathy T. , Chang Dorita H. F. , Hess Robert F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere is controversy as to how responses to colour in the human brain are organized within the visual pathways. A key issue is whether there are modular pathways that respond selectively to colour or whether there are common neural substrates for both colour and achromatic (Ach) contrast. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation to investigate the responses of early and extrastriate visual areas to colour and Ach contrast. High‐contrast red–green (RG) and Ach sinewave rings (0.5 cycles/degree, 2 Hz) were used as both adapting stimuli and test stimuli in a block design. We found robust adaptation to RG or Ach contrast in all visual areas. Cross‐adaptation between RG and Ach contrast occurred in all areas indicating the presence of integrated, colour and Ach responses. Notably, we revealed contrasting trends for the two test stimuli. For the RG test, unselective processing (robust adaptation to both RG and Ach contrast) was most evident in the early visual areas (V1 and V2), but selective responses, revealed as greater adaptation between the same stimuli than cross‐adaptation between different stimuli, emerged in the ventral cortex, in V4 and VO in particular. For the Ach test, unselective responses were again most evident in early visual areas but Ach selectivity emerged in the dorsal cortex (V3a and hMT+). Our findings support a strong presence of integrated mechanisms for colour and Ach contrast across the visual hierarchy, with a progression towards selective processing in extrastriate visual areas.
Intra‐operative application of chlorhexidine gel reduces bacterial counts in internal implant cavity
Authors: Ghannad Farzan , Alkadi Lubna T. , Wiebe Colin B. , Shen Ya , Haapasalo Markus , Larjava Hannu S. 
Published: September 2015

A prospective clinical trial was conducted to assess the bacterial‐inhibitory potential of 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel in the internal cavity of implant screw holes, when utilized at the time of implant placement. A total of 40 Straumann (S) and Nobel Biocare (N) implants were divided into test (ST or NT; implant + CHX gel) and control (SC or NC; implant only) groups. Total numbers of colony‐forming units (CFUs ml−1) were assessed at a minimum of 3 months postsurgery by aerobic and anaerobic culture. A set of specimens was stained with Gram stain. The mean sample‐collection time was 110 d for the test population and 98 d for the controls. The use of 1% CHX gel significantly reduced bacterial counts in both the ST and NT samples by over three logs compared with controls. No statistical differences in the numbers of CFUs ml−1 were evident between aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Differences in the numbers of CFUs ml−1 between ST and NT groups were not statistically significant. Microscopic analysis showed mainly Gram‐positive coccoid species in most samples.
Elevated carbon dioxide accelerates the spatial turnover of soil microbial communities
Authors: Deng Ye , He Zhili , Xiong Jinbo , Yu Hao , Xu Meiying , Hobbie Sarah E. , Reich Peter B. , Schadt Christopher W. , Kent Angela , Pendall Elise , Wallenstein Matthew , Zhou Jizhong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough elevated CO2 (eCO2) significantly affects the α‐diversity, composition, function, interaction and dynamics of soil microbial communities at the local scale, little is known about eCO2 impacts on the geographic distribution of micro‐organisms regionally or globally. Here, we examined the β‐diversity of 110 soil microbial communities across six free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experimental sites using a high‐throughput functional gene array. The β‐diversity of soil microbial communities was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with geographic distance under both CO2 conditions, but declined significantly (P < 0.05) faster at eCO2 with a slope of −0.0250 than at ambient CO2 (aCO2) with a slope of −0.0231 although it varied within each individual site, indicating that the spatial turnover rate of soil microbial communities was accelerated under eCO2 at a larger geographic scale (e.g. regionally). Both distance and soil properties significantly (P < 0.05) contributed to the observed microbial β‐diversity. This study provides new hypotheses for further understanding their assembly mechanisms that may be especially important as global CO2 continues to increase.