bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of rock mass properties and powder factor on the fractal dimension of the natural rock mass blocks during blasting
Authors: Tomar Ajay Pratap Singh , Panthee Suman , Dahal Sanjaya , Pandey Sandesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The rock mass fragmentation in discontinuous rock mass is a concern issue in rock mass blasting. The purpose of the study is to find out the influencing parameters of rock mass and blast design in degree of fragmentation of natural block during blasting. The fragmentation conditions were evaluated by block fragmentation method in three different rock types. Blasted block size reduction from in-situ block size distribution (ISBD) to blasted block size distribution (BBSD) were analyzed based on modified Kuz-Ram models and other empirical models which were used to predict D50 of the blocks. Similarly, blastability index (BI), blastability designation (BD), and Fragmentation index (FI) were used to analyzed fractal dimension of block (i.e. volume reduction) from in-situ to blasted rock blocks where average reduction amount in block fragmentation were found 80.3%, 76.41% and 60.14% in Gneiss, Phyllite, and Metasandstone respectively. The result of this study revealed that the blastability and fragmentation index of rock mass depends on in-situ block size, rock mass strength, and powder factor used during blasting. Based on the outcome of the study rock fragmentation and fragmented block size can be predicted by understanding of the discontinuity characteristics of the rock mass along with rock mass class and powder factor of that blasting. Therefore, desired level of block fragmentation, blastability and fragmentation index of blasting rock mass can be got by modifying the blasting design according to the natural block size and rock mass strength of the rock mass.
Subjective aging and Instrumental activities of daily living: Moderation by healthcare access and mediation by healthcare resources.
Authors: udoh Idorenyin Imoh , Mpofu Elias 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Older adults experience subjective aging associated with a decline in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), for which healthcare resources and access would be beneficial. How they manage their IADL across age cohorts with healthcare support is less well known. We aimed to address this gap in knowledge by analyzing the National Health and Aging Trends round 11, 2021 data set on 2325 older adults (females = 54.1%, age range 1 to 90 and above) by age cohort (middle-old − 71–79, n = 1074; older-old − 80–89, n = 965, oldest- old- 90 plus, n = 286). Results indicate that regardless of healthcare access and resources, subjective aging is associated with a decline in IADL among all old age groups. However, this decline in IADL increases is higher at older-old (80–89 years) compared to the middle-old (71–79 years) and oldest-old (above 90 years old). These findings indicate a “doughnut effect” of higher subjective aging in IADL at older-old (80–89 years) may reported with IADL distress their subjective aging compared to the middle-old (71–79 years) and oldest-old (above 90 years old). The “doughnut effect” suggests that older-old (80–89 years) may be with higher subjective aging in their IADL transitioning from middle-old (71–79 years), whereas the oldest-old (above 90 years) may be more adjusted to their IADL limitations.
Unveiling the Nexus of Environment, Nutrition, and Affordability in City-level Sustainable Dining Out Choice
Authors: Long Yin , Huang Liqiao , Huang Yuyan , Lv Xuejie , Montagna Sebastian , Yoshikuni Yoshida 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Global cities are forging unique culinary identities through a rich array of restaurant offerings, driven by rapid urbanization and the fast-paced urban lifestyle. Dining out has become an integral part of city dwellers' lives, influenced by factors such as convenience, affordability, taste, and nutrition. As urban populations increasingly seek healthy and convenient dining options, our study introduces an integrated framework for quantifying sustainable dining within urban environments. Using data from 1,727 representative menu items and 112,892 restaurants in Tokyo, Japan, we examined the spatial distribution and optimization pathways for city-scale sustainable dietary choices. The findings reveal a high concentration of restaurants around railway stations and significant disparities in the availability of sustainable dining options, with up to six million passengers daily exposed to unsustainable dining environments in Tokyo. We identified spatial collective features and explored multiple pathways to visualize how urban residents can achieve fair and convenient access to sustainable dietary choices. These insights, provided by our analysis framework, offer valuable guidance for citizens, urban planners, and policymakers, advancing the concept of planetary health at an urban scale.
Research on signal enhancement technology of ultrasonic guided wave detection of rail crack based on spread spectrum technology
Authors: Wenhao Guo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

During the propagation of guided waves in rail tracks, there are issues such as poor anti-interference ability and severe signal attenuation. This article proposes a signal enhancement technique for the processing of guided wave signals, aiming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio by enhancing the detection signals. Building upon traditional ultrasonic guided wave detection, this technique utilizes Barker codes as pseudo-random sequence codes and employs Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation to encode the original excitation signal, resulting in a new excitation signal. This achieves spread spectrum processing of the excitation signal and subsequent despreading of the received signals. An experimental platform for detecting subsoil cracks in rail tracks using ultrasonic guided waves was established. Comparative experiments were conducted on artificial cracks of different sizes at the bottom of rail tracks under both spread and non-spread conditions, calculating the attenuation coefficient of received guided wave signals. The results demonstrate that after applying this signal enhancement technique to guided wave signals, compared to unprocessed original guided wave signals, there is a significant reduction in attenuation coefficient when propagating over the same distance. As a result, ultrasonic guided wave signals can propagate over longer distances with increased sensitivity towards cracks of similar sizes at the bottom of rail tracks. These findings provide support for ultrasonic guided wave detection of subsoil cracks in rail tracks.
Development and validation of survival nomograms for patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a SEER Program-based study
Authors: Chen Xinming , Zhao Pingwu , He Yunsheng , Zhao Pan , Liao Fengwan , Liu Yang , Huang Kun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to study the prognostic risk factors affecting patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma(ATC), develop a clinical prognostic model, and assess patient survival outcomes.
Methods
Patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma from 2000 to 2019 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to extract the clinical variables used for analysis. The dataset was divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) sets based on a 7:3 ratio. Univariate and LASSO regression analyses were performed on clinical variables from the training set to identify independent prognostic factors. Independent prognostic factors were determined by Univariate and lasso regression according to the clinical variables of the training set, and a nomogram model was established to construct a prognostic model based on the contribution degree of the predictors. The prognostic model was evaluated and internally verified by C-index, ROC curve and calibration curve.
Results
A total of 713 ATC patients were included in the SEER database. LASSO regression results indicated that age, marital status, race, tumor size, whether the primary lesion was limited to the thyroid gland, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, were associated with overall survival prognosis of ATC, and were used to construct nomograms.In the training cohort, the OS nomogram's C-index was 0.708 (95% CI: 0.672–0.745); in the internal validation cohort, the C-index was 0.677 (95% CI: 0.620–0.735). ROC curves demonstrated that the OS nomogram exhibits excellent predictive accuracy and discriminative ability. Calibration curves indicated strong consistency between the the OS nomogram's predicted survival rates and actual survival rates.
Conclusions
We established a survival prediction model for ATC, which can assist clinical physicians in assessing patient prognosis and making personalized treatment decisions.
Association of Weight Waist Adjustment Index (WWI) and A Body Mass Index (ABSI) with Serum Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in a national study of US adults
Authors: Yan Zixuan , Gu Qingxin , Yin Hong , Yi Mingliang , Wang Xiao , Liang Fanrong , Cai Dingjun , Qi Wenchuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study explores how the Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) relate to serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels among US adults. We aim to clarify sNfL that serves key roles in neuronal injury in neurological diseases, given its understudied connection to obesity.
Methods
Focusing on people with complete information on the Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), and serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), we used cross-sectional data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression analysis let us investigate the separate connections of WWI, ABSI, and sNfL. To assess any nonlinear correlations, we also performed threshold effect analysis and smoothed curve fitting. Moreover, interaction testing and subgroups analysis were done to improve the general validity of our results.
Results
1,995 people were finally enrolled for this study. WWI and ABSI were positively linked with sNfL (WWI: β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01–0.09; ABSI: β = 1.65, 95% CI: 3.53–13.72). There was no clear reliance in this association according to subgroup analysis and interaction tests. Furthermore, studies of smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects revealed a positive connection of WWI and ABSI with reference to sNfL.
Conclusion
In the adult American population, while WWI and ABSI are linearly positively correlated with serum neurofilament light protein (sNfL), the effect size is more pronounced for ABSI. This correlation provides fresh evidence connecting obesity to neurological conditions, deepening our comprehension of the extensive health impacts associated with obesity.
Level of Evidence: Level I, experimental studies
Optimizing Transcutaneous Spinal Stimulation: Excitability of Evoked Spinal Reflexes is Dependent on Electrode Montage
Authors: Thatcher Kelly Lynn , Nielsen Karen Emily , Sandler Evan Blake , Daliet Oliver John , Iddings Jennifer Ann , Field-Fote Edelle Carmen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
There is growing interest in use of transcutaneous spinal stimulation (TSS) for people with neurologic conditions both to augment volitional control (by facilitating motoneuron excitability), and to decrease spasticity (by activating inhibitory networks). Various electrode montages are used during TSS, with little understanding of how electrode position influences spinal circuit activation. We sought to identify the thoracolumbar electrode montage associated with the most robust activation of spinal circuits by comparing posterior root-muscle reflexes (PRM reflexes) elicited by 6 montages. Additionally, we assessed tolerability of the stimulation during PRM reflex testing.
Methods
Fifteen adults with intact neurological systems participated in this randomized crossover study. PRM reflexes were evoked transcutaneously using electrode montages with dorsal-ventral (DV) or dorsal-midline (DM) current flow. DV montages included: [1] cathode over T11/T12, anodes over iliac crests (DV-I), [2] cathode over T11/T12, anodes over umbilicus (DV-U), [3] dual paraspinal cathodes at T11/12, anodes over iliac crests (DV-PI), and [4] dual paraspinal cathodes at T11/12, anodes over umbilicus (DV-PU). DM montages included: [5] cathode over T11/12, anode 5cm caudal (DM-C), and [6] cathode over T11/12, anode 5cm rostral (DM-R). PRM reflex recruitment curves were obtained in the soleus muscle of both lower extremities.
Results
DV-U and DV-I montages elicited bilateral reflexes with lower reflex thresholds and larger recruitment curve area than other montages. There were no differences in response amplitude at 120% of RT(1.2xRT) or tolerability among montages.
Conclusions
Differences in spinal circuit recruitment are reflected in the response amplitude of the PRM reflexes. DV-I and DV-U montages were associated with lower reflex thresholds, indicating that motor responses can be evoked with lower stimulation intensity. DV-I and DV-U montages therefore have the potential for lower and more tolerable interventional stimulation intensities. Our findings optimize electrode placement for interventional TSS and PRM reflex assessments.
Clinical Trial Number:
NCT04243044
KRT23 acts as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway via P21
Authors: Guo Dan , Li Yarui , Ma Wenhui , Zhang Xu , Chowdhury Abu Taiub Mohammed Mohiuddin , Ren Mudan , Lu Xinlan , Lu Guifang , Liu Peijun , He Shuixiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cancer worldwide. Keratin23 maybe a potential biomarker for HCC development; however, regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this research we explored the expression and effect of KRT23 in HCC. GEPIA, Kaplan-Merier survival analysis IHC, qRT-PCR and western blot were applied to further detect the expression of KRT23, as well as prognosis. Functionally, Relative cell biology experiments were applied. Moreover, xenograft tumors were conducted in vivo. Mechanically, Immunofluorescence, western blot and Co-immunoprecipitation were operated. As for results, we discovered the high expression of KRT23 in HCC. Functionally, KRT23 knockdown reduced cell proliferation and metastasis. KRT23 knockdown inhibited EMT and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. In summary, KRT23 accelerated HCC proliferation and metastasis by regulating PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway via P21.
Active-Passive Collaborative Compensation Support Technology and Application in Deep Large Deformation Soft Rock Roadways: A case study
Authors: Hao Jian , lv jia-Qing , Tang Jian-Quan , Wang Xiao , Zhao Li-Jin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Deep large deformation soft rock roadways pose significant challenges to the safety of coal mining operations and supply due to the development of cracks, loose fragmentation, and deformation failure of surrounding rocks. To effectively control fractured soft rock roadway surrounding rocks in deep mining areas, this paper analyzed the causes of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways using the Xin’an Coal Mine 2301 working face as the engineering background. By establishing active and passive support mechanical models, the interaction mechanism between active and passive supports was clarified, and the effectiveness of active-passive collaborative support was further validated. The research results indicate that: 1) The original single active or passive support scheme on the Xin’an Coal Mine 2301 working face cannot provide effective strong support for fractured surrounding rock, resulting in a short period of rock control. Therefore, the concept of active-passive collaborative compensation support for controlling the stability of surrounding rock in roadways was proposed. 2) Passive support provides impedance to the roadway, preventing stress attenuation around anchor points and enhancing the effect of active support, while active support strengthens the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock and improves the overall integrity, providing support. Based on the excavation compensation theory, a mechanical model of active-passive collaborative compensation support was established, and the amplification effect of active-passive collaborative support was revealed. 3) A collaborative support scheme of “bolts, W-shaped steel belts” + “anchor cables, anchor cable beams” + “I-beam sheds” was proposed and applied in the field, with average convergence values of both slopes and roof/floor 334.2 mm and 508.4 mm, respectively, and the average relative convergence rate of roof/floor and both slopes 11.9%, effectively controlling the deformation of the roadway surrounding rock. The active-passive collaborative compensation support scheme achieves positive application outcomes in deep fractured soft rock roadway mining, providing reference for the design of similar support parameters in deep fractured soft rock roadway.
Confronting Cultures: An Exploration of Madagascar's Cultural Diversity and the Coexistence of Owls and Humans
Authors: ARSENE Manana Oclin , Xiaoya Shan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study was conducted in 16 villages located in Andapa in 2023, a northern district of Madagascar. It aimed to explore the challenges of coexisting with owls and humans. The research aimed to discover the confrontation on coexistence between owls and humans. It utilized a mixed-method approach including questionnaires, interviews, observation checklists, and Focus Group Discussions. The study focused on witch-hunting operations in these villages between 2021 and 2022 and investigated the cultural beliefs surrounding the relationship between traditional religion and population killing owls' motivation. The study presented the quantitative data collected in tables with frequencies and percentages, integrating regression analysis and correlation tests. Meanwhile, the qualitative data was thematically presented through narrative reports. The findings revealed that the local community strongly believed in the close association between witches and owls. Additionally, they lacked awareness of environmental regulations and laws. These two factors influenced the high motivation in owl-hunting behavior. The correlation analysis showed that the variables, such as "people seeing dead owls" and “traditional beliefs attachment,” move in the same direction as the dependent variable "Owls killing," indicating a high frequency of owl-killing incidents in the region and a high level of traditional belief adherence. On the other hand, the variables, such as "law knowledge in the population," "high school graduates in the population," "awareness of the environmental value," and "awareness of owls' importance in life," all strongly move in a divergent direction with the dependent variable "Owls killing." The increase of one unit in them can reduce the owl-hunting behavior in the population. Thus, the study's findings provide valuable insights into the interactions between human communities and owls, accentuating the importance of raising ecological value awareness and promoting education in the region.
Socio-Demographic and Related Indicators of Underwent Hysterectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted among the Women of District Bilaspur (CG), India
Authors: Sahu Suman , Gautam Rajesh K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The advancement of medical science and newer technologies has witnessed the prevalence of hysterectomy in recent times. Consequently, an attempt has been made to find out the socio-demographical and related issued of women who have undergone hysterectomies from the district of Bilaspur, Chhatisgarh, India. A sub-sample of 105 respondents from rural and urban (≤ 30 years of age) who had undergone hysterectomy, included through a cross-sectional study. Data collection was carried out using a culturally validated semi-structured schedule. Body composition, related health issued and Socio-demographic data were collected using standard tools and techniques. Statistical analysis of the data was done by using MS Excel and SPSS Software. The prevalence of hysterectomy was higher among women in urban areas (57.1%) than the rural ones (42.9%). The mean age was 39.70 ± 26.86 years. Hysterectomy at an early age was observed among the women of OBC (36.2%) followed by the General category (35.2%), SC (25.7%) and ST (2.9%). It can be concluded that women who underwent hysterectomy were from a particular socio-demographic background, reproductive history and ethnic background. Further most of the common indicators for underwent hysterectomy who had undergone hysterectomy were excessive menstrual bleeding, frequent menstruation and uterus infection.
Understanding and predicting the thermodynamic behavior of fission products encountered between the (U,Pu)O2 fuel pellet and the cladding: Characterization and modeling approaches
Authors: Oulfarsi Mostafa , Guéneau Christine , Ginestar Kevin , Guillou Raphaëlle , Martinelli Laure 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive investigation of the formation and behavior of a layer enriched in fission products encountered between the (U,Pu)O2 fuel pellet and the cladding, designated as JOG (“Joint Oxyde Gaine” in French). Employing a multifaceted approach that combined thermodynamic calculations, experimental synthesis, and advanced characterization techniques, simulated JOG has been synthetized (without radioactive fission products). Using thermodynamic calculations with the TAF-ID database, the phase compositions in the JOG was assessed for various temperatures, pressures, and oxygen potential conditions, revealing insights into the environmental factors influencing JOG formation. Experimental simulation of the JOG composition, exposed to controlled conditions, confirmed the presence of key compounds such as Cs2MoO4, CsI, and PdTe, as evidenced by SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses. The results of the calculations highlighted notable differences in the nature of the phases constituting the JOG under varying pressure and oxygen potential conditions. At 873 K and oxygen partial pressure of 10− 4 bar, Cs2MoO4, Pd-Te, and a gas phase rich in tellurium and CsI were predominant, contrasting with the emergence of liquid phases at 70 bar. This study offered a comprehensive understanding of JOG microstructure, and highlighting the importance of accurate characterization for reactor safety. This information lays the foundations for future studies on the chemical interaction between the JOG and the steel cladding.
The Impact of Long-Term Care Insurance on Household Expenditures of the Elderly: Evidence from China
Authors: Hu Zeping , Zhang Tianshu , Zhang Kaiyue , Li Xinran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact of China’s long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilot on household expenditures of the elderly. Utilizing the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015–2020 three-period longitudinal panel data, we examine the policy effects of LTCI using the Differences-in-Differences(DID) approach. The results indicate that the implementation of LTCI significantly reduces medical (p < 0.05) and healthcare expenditures (p < 0.05) for elderly households, while substantially increasing non-medical healthcare expenditures (p < 0.01) and total expenditures (p < 0.01). This effect is more pronounced for older households in rural areas or with lower levels of education. Furthermore, the improvement in household expenditures is strongly associated with the health status of the elderly and intergenerational economic support. These findings provide empirical evidence that LTCI enhances household expenditures and the quality of life for the elderly, which is crucial for the development of LTCI in China and other middle-income developing countries.