bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le regard d'un silence... Le silence du monde... Le monde du silence
Authors: Corcos Maurice 
Published: January 2014

Magritte semble figer ses créations picturales dans un espace et un temps indéfinis, ou des personnages flottants jouent à camisoler leurs affects, jusqu’à se minéraliser, témoignant de leur sidération psychique par un traumatisme inconnu. Ces adultes conformes, petits-bourgeois raides dans leur costume pardessus noir, et affublés de leurs éternels chapeau melon et parapluie, n’ont pas d’enfants, promènent leur loulou de Poméranie avec une affection scrupuleuse et débordante, constituent une unité humaine clonée aussi multiple qu’anonyme, d’adultes ridicules et tragiques qui ont été des enfants abandonnés par leurs mères-jocondes aux sourires tristes, et n’ont pu se construire affectivement dans le miroir du visage d’une mère, prête au don de soi. S’ils délirent, c’est « à froid » tant Magritte leur auteur gèle ses éprouvés et ses affects pour ne pas nous montrer comme il est monstrueux quand il souffre. Magritte le crucifié se plaint froidement dans un monologue aussi sec que ses titres sont véhéments et spasmodiques. Il sanglote des spasmes de rage froide. Ses cauchemars sont climatisés, aussi son esthétisme reste fétichisme.
Dévots et fondations de couvents en Auvergne au xvii e siècle
Authors: Goudot Grégory 
Published: January 2014

Si l’on souligne de longue date et à raison le rôle moteur joué au xvii e siècle par les dévots dans la Réforme catholique, l’historiographie française du mouvement, obnubilée par les vedettes des cercles parisiens proches du pouvoir, n’a pas encore jeté à bas tous ses clichés sur l’unanimisme des élites zélées et le mythique « parti dévot ». En vérité, dans les provinces, les laïcs militants présentent partout des caractères originaux, dans leurs profils comme dans leurs préoccupations – qui évoluent d’ailleurs dans la durée. Ainsi dans le diocèse de Clermont : l’heure y est d’abord, lorsque prennent fin les guerres de religion, à une invasion conventuelle sans précédent, portée par des femmes et des veuves issues d’une vieille aristocratie peu compromise dans la Ligue ; mais elles s’effacent après 1640 devant les élites officières urbaines, qu’intéresse davantage l’enfermement des pauvres lorsque triomphe le mercantilisme hostile aux réguliers. Non contente d’infléchir le cours de la Réforme catholique, l’action dévote trahit dans ses mutations mêmes l’entrée dans la seconde modernité.
Les quatre crises de la Société générale (1886-2008). La crise d'un modèle économique au cœur des crises conjoncturelles
Authors: Bonin Hubert 
Published: January 2014

La pérennité d’une société sur plusieurs demi-siècles constitue une sorte d’« exploit » historique sur l’arrière-fond d’une démographie des entreprises qui est riche en faillites, liquidations ou absorptions. Or la banque qu’est la Société générale a encore plus été soumise à cette réalité qu’elle œuvre dans un secteur fragilisé par des prises de risques pro-cycliques sans cesse renouvelées pendant les boums conjoncturels, d’où des krachs récurrents. Mais elle a réussi à résister aux tensions de son environnement bancaire et financier, alors même qu’elle a été confrontée à des erreurs de gestion et, surtout, à trois crises en interne qui l’ont fait vaciller au bord du gouffre. Les quatre crises (années 1880, 1905, 1913 et 2007-2010) endurées par la Générale sont ainsi révélatrices des dysfonctionnements d’une organisation de firme, ce qui fait s’interroger sur la qualité du management bancaire, des difficultés d’adaptation d’un mode de gestion aux mutations d’un modèle économique et stratégique, ce qui suscite des questions sur la réactivité et la lucidité des dirigeants, et enfin sur les processus de gestion des risques, ce qui induit de méditer sur les risques inhérents au métier bancaire et à leur spécificité.
On the phytoplankton bloom in coastal waters of southern King George Island (Antarctica) in January 2010: An exceptional feature?
Authors: Schloss I. R. , Wasilowska A. , Dumont D. , Almandoz G. O. , Hernando M. P. , Michaud-Tremblay C.-A. , Saravia L. , Rzepecki M. , Monien P. , Monien D. , Kopczyńska E. E. , Bers A. V. , Ferreyra G. A. 
Published: January 2014

Since the early 1990s, phytoplankton has been studied and monitored in Potter Cove (PC) and Admiralty Bay (AB), King George/25 de Mayo Island (KGI), South Shetlands. Phytoplankton biomass is typically low compared to other Antarctic shelf environments, with average spring—summer values below 1 mg chlorophyll a (Chl a) m−3. The physical conditions in the area (reduced irradiance induced by particles originated from the land, intense winds) limit the coastal productivity at KGI, as a result of shallow Sverdrup's critical depths (Zc) and large turbulent mixing depths (Zt). In January 2010 a large phytoplankton bloom with a maximum of around 20 mg Chl a m−3, and monthly averages of 4 (PC) and 6 (AB) mg Chl a m−3, was observed in the area, making it by far the largest recorded bloom over the last 20 yr. Dominant phytoplankton species were the typical bloom‐forming diatoms that are usually found in the western Antarctic Peninsula area. Anomalously cold air temperature and dominant winds from the eastern sector seem to explain adequate light : mixing environment. Local physical conditions were analyzed by means of the relationship between Zc and Zt, and conditions were found adequate for allowing phytoplankton development. However, a multiyear analysis indicates that these conditions may be necessary but not sufficient to guarantee phytoplankton accumulation. The relation between maximum Chl a values and air temperature suggests that bottom‐up control would render such large blooms even less frequent in KGI under the warmer climate expected in the area during the second half of the present century.
Oxygen in the deep Strait of Georgia, 1951–2009: The roles of mixing, deep‐water renewal, and remineralization of organic carbon
Authors: Johannessen Sophia C. , Masson Diane , Macdonald Robie W. 
Published: January 2014

The concentration of oxygen in the deep Strait of Georgia has declined at a rate of 0.45–1.3 µmol L−1 yr−1 since 1971 and now seasonally approaches thresholds of biological tolerance. The decline has resulted principally from the increasing hypoxia of upwelled Pacific Ocean water. Local anthropogenic loadings have little potential to reduce bottom water oxygen concentrations. Hypoxic, upwelled water mixes vigorously with surface water in the tidal passages of Haro Strait before entering the deep Strait of Georgia during a series of deep‐water renewal events in late spring and late summer. Remineralization of at least 22 µmol L−1 yr−1, together with diffusive mixing, reduces the bottom water oxygen concentration to a winter minimum of 90–110 µmol L−1. Linear extrapolation of the long‐term trend indicates that parts of the Strait could become episodically hypoxic (< 62.5 µmol L−1; < 1.4 mL L−1) as early as 2042. However, water mass modeling shows that the mixing with surface water in Haro Strait limits the potential of the shelf water to reduce the oxygen concentration in the deep Strait; even should the shelf water become completely anoxic, the concentration of oxygen in bottom waters would level off just above 90 µmol L−1 after 3 yr. Increasing surface water temperature will reduce the solubility of oxygen, but this effect is projected to cause a further decline of only 2.2 µmol L−1 over the next 25 yr. Despite its restricted circulation, the deep Strait of Georgia is less threatened by hypoxia than are many other coastal areas, because of the combination of light‐limited primary production and intense tidal mixing in the approaches, which replenishes the deep‐water oxygen annually.
Oxygen photolysis in the Mauritanian upwelling: Implications for net community production
Authors: Kitidis Vassilis , Tilstone Gavin H. , Serret Pablo , Smyth Timothy J. , Torres Ricardo , Robinson Carol 
Published: January 2014

We carried out 16 photochemical experiments of filtered surface water in a custom‐built solar simulator and concomitant measurements of in vitro gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R) in the Mauritanian upwelling during a Lagrangian study following three sulfur hexafluoride—labeled patches of upwelled water (P1 to P3). Oxygen photolysis rates were correlated with the absorbance of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) at 300 nm, suggesting first‐order kinetics with respect to CDOM. An exponential fit was used to calculate the apparent quantum yield (AQY) for oxygen photolysis, giving an average AQY of 0.00053 µmol O2 (mole photons m−2 s−1)−1 at 280 nm and slope of 0.0012 nm−1. Modeled photochemical oxygen demand (POD) at the surface (3–16 mmol m−3 d−1) occasionally exceeded R and was dominated by ultraviolet radiation (71–79%). Euphotic‐layer integrated GPP decreased with time during both P‐1 and P‐3, whereas R remained relatively constant and POD increased during P‐1 and decreased during P‐3. On Day 4 of P‐3, GPP and POD maxima coincided with high CDOM absorbance, suggesting “new” CDOM production. Omitting POD may lead to an underestimation of net community production (NCP), both through in vitro and geochemical methods (here by 2–22%). We propose that oxygen‐based NCP estimates should be revised upward. For the Mauritanian upwelling, the POD‐corrected NCP was strongly correlated with standard NCP with a slope of 1.0066 ± 0.0244 and intercept of 46.51 ± 13.15 mmol m−2 d−1.
Morphological and genetic variability in an alien invasive mussel across an environmental gradient in South America
Authors: Paolucci Esteban M. , Sardiña Paula , Sylvester Francisco , Perepelizin Pablo V. , Zhan Aibin , Ghabooli Sara , Cristescu Melania E. , Oliveira Marcia D. , MacIsaac Hugh J. 
Published: January 2014

Adaptation is an essential step in the establishment and spread of alien species in new environments, with phenotypic plasticity or genetic variability often contributing to this success. The golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei is a biofouling mollusc native to Southeast Asia that was introduced to South America near the Río de la Plata estuary, Argentina, though the species has subsequently spread more than 2000 km upstream. We analyzed morphological and genetic variation in 24 introduced populations of L. fortunei across its South American range. Relative gill area and shell morphology differed significantly, even among geographically proximate populations. Differences in relative gill area were especially marked across the species' range and were negatively correlated with total suspended solids. Whereas mean gill cilia length, filament width, and interfilamental ciliary junction distance did not differ significantly among populations, mean gill cilia density was significantly lower in populations from areas with high suspended solids. Conversely, morphological differences were not related to the number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, or nucleotide diversity, based upon analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Our results indicate that introduced populations of golden mussels in South America exhibit pronounced morphological variation in shell and gill metrics that appear to result from developmental plasticity in relation to total suspended sediments, as has been observed in other mussel species. These adaptations may have facilitated spread of this species to a wide range of habitats.
Characteristics of blooming and pollen in flowers of two Syringa species (f. Oleaceae)
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Strzałkowska-Abramek Monika 
Published: January 2014

The observations were conducted in long-term sequence studies in the years 2006, 2009, 2013, in the Lublin area, Poland (51o 16’ N, 22o 30’ E). The flowering phenology, diurnal pattern of blooming, pollen production and insect visitation to the shrubs of <em>Syringa oblata </em>Lindl. <em>var. dilatata </em>(Nakai) Rehd. and <em>S. meyeri ‘Palibin’ </em>Schn. were examined. <em>Syringa oblata </em>var. <em>dilatata </em>and <em>S. meyeri </em>‘Palibin’ blo- omed from the mid May till mid June. The species are characteristic of early morning diurnal pattern of blooming, with approx. of 60% of daily instalment of flowers opened before 9.00 (GMT + 2h). Both species studied had the corolla tube 2-fold deeper during the pollen shedding phase compared to bud stage (mean = 14.9 mm ± 3.2 SD vs. 7.8 mm ± 2.8). No species effect was found for the size of anthers, for the mass of pollen produced in anthers and for the pollen viability. A constant number of 2 stamens in the flowers of <em>Syringa </em>species entailed the pollen yield was derivative mainly to the number of developed flowers. Therefore significant differences were noted for the pollen yield between individual shrubs (mean 0.9 kg for <em>S. meyeri </em>‘Palibin’, and 8.1 kg/ha for <em>S. oblata </em>var. <em>dilatata </em>). The <em>Syringa oblata </em>var. <em>dilatata </em>and <em>S. meyeri </em>‘Palibin’ due to their attractive flowering period, and the abundance of blooming are suitable for different ornamental designs in urban areas. Unfortunately, despite the entomophilous flower traits, the insect visitors appeared sporadically.
Detection, isolation, and preliminary characterization of bacteria contaminating plant tissue cultures
Authors: Kałużna Monika , Mikiciński Artur , Sobiczewski Piotr , Zawadzka Marta , Zenkteler Elżbieta , Orlikowska Teresa 
Published: January 2014

In order to limit the contamination problem in plant tissue cultures experiments on selection of media suitable for detection and isolation of bacteria contaminating plant tissue explants, and preliminary characterization of isolates were made. In the first experiment aiming at detection of bacteria in plant explants four strains representing genera most often occurring at our survey of plant tissue cultures, and earlier isolated and identified (<em>Bacillus, Methylobacterium</em>, <em>Pseudomonas </em>and <em>Xanthomonas</em>) were streaked on five bacteriological media (NA, King B, K, R2A and 523) and on the medium used for plant culture initiation – ½ MS with milk albumin (IM). All strains grew on all media but on K and IM at the slowest rate and on 523 medium at the fastest. The IM medium proved to be useful for immediate bacteria detection at the initial stage of culture. In the second experiment, aiming at characterization of isolates on the basis of colony growth and morphology 14 strains (<em>Agrobacterium</em>, <em>Bacillus</em>, <em>Curtobacterium, Flavobacterium</em>, <em>Lactobacillus</em>, <em>Methylobacterium </em>– 2 strains <em>Mycobacterium</em>, <em>Paenibacillus</em>, <em>Plantibacterium</em>, <em>Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas</em>, <em>Xanthomonas, </em>and species <em>Serratia marcescens</em>) were streaked on five microbiological media: KB, NBY, YDC, YNA and YPGA<em>. </em>All strains grew on all those media but at different rates. The only exception was the strain of <em>Lactobacillus </em>spp., which did not grow on King B medium. This medium allowed the detection of such characteristic traits as fluorescence (<em>Pseudomonas</em>) and secretion of inclusions (<em>Stenotrophomonas</em>). The third experiment was focussed on assessment of the sensitivity of detection of specific bacteria in pure cultures and in plant tis- sue cultures using standard PCR and BIO-PCR techniques with genus specific primers and 2 methods of DNA isolation. Results showed that the use of Genomic Mini kit enabled an increase of the sensitivity by 100 times as compared to extraction of DNA by boiling. Moreover, the application of BIO-PCR increased sensitivity of detection from 102 to 105 times over the standard PCR. If looking for unknown cultivable bacteria more effective detection seems to be use of microbiological method enabling detection on bacteriological media single cells in the fragments of explants or in wash liquids, in which fragmented explants were shaken.
Le développement du Nord et le destin du Québec
Authors: Duhaime Gérard , Brousseau Sébastien , Grenier Josianne , Therrien Aude , Beaudoin-Jobin Charles 
Published: January 2014

Le Plan Nord fut dévoilé en mai 2011 puis fut largement discuté jusqu’à l’élection législative de l’automne 2012 où le gouvernement qui le proposait fut défait. Cette étude propose d’examiner les rapports de pouvoir en cause au cours de cette période dans ce projet de développement massif des ressources naturelles du Nord du Québec. Inspirée par l’approche théorique et la méthode d’analyse du pouvoir d’influence, elle décrit et analyse le rôle tenu par chacun des acteurs principaux en présence ainsi que leurs rapports : la grande entreprise, l’État et les collectivités locales. Elle repose sur l’analyse documentaire d’un corpus constitué de plusieurs sources : informations corporatives disponibles sur Internet, documentation officielle du Gouvernement du Québec, dépouillement systématique de la presse nationale et régionale. Elle diagnostique une convergence entre les intérêts de la grande entreprise et le discours étatique, et un déchirement des collectivités locales. Dans ce contexte, il n’est pas étonnant de trouver au rang des contestataires les étudiants grévistes du printemps 2012. Les tensions que révèlent les débats au sujet du Plan Nord étaient révélatrices de tensions plus générales qui caractérisent les rapports de pouvoir au Québec, fondés sur l’approfondissement du néolibéralisme.
La longue marche des carrés rouges
Authors: Fortin Andrée 
Published: January 2014

Trois livres écrits à chaud au printemps et à l’été 2012 fournissent l’occasion et le moyen de scruter la manière dont le Printemps québécois s’est lui-même mis en images et en mots : témoignages, parfois sous le mode de la poésie, du dessin et de la fiction ; textes et images de création, parfois sous le mode du témoignage ; ensemble, ils ouvrent une fenêtre sur ce Printemps et permettent de le saisir de l’intérieur, de l’aborder en tant que mouvement dans sa globalité et sa complexité, de saisir l’imaginaire qui y est à l’oeuvre, et surtout de le faire rétrospectivement. Seront mis en évidence les sujets individuels et le sujet collectif au coeur du Printemps québécois ainsi que les figures de leur adversaire, puis le passage du Je au Nous – des sujets individuels au sujet collectif – ce qui permettra de cerner tant la mémoire que le projet dont ce mouvement est porteur.
Ayurvedic therapy (Shirodhara) for Insomnia: A Case Series
Authors: Vinjamury Sivarama Prasad , Vinjamury Manjusha , Der Martirosian Claudia , Miller Judith 
Published: January 2014

Background: Insomnia is one of the most common complaints faced by primary care practitioners after pain. Non-pharmacological management of Insomnia that is noninvasive is gaining interest among patients with insomnia. Purpose: To determine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining participants in a clinical trial on shirodhara, Ayurvedic oil dripping therapy, for insomnia in the United States and also to investigate the therapeutic usefulness of Shirodhara for insomnia using standardized outcome measures. Design: Case series. Study Intervention and Data Collection: Shirodhara with Brahmi oil was done for 45 minutes on each participant for 5 consecutive days. Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to evaluate the severity of insomnia as well as to determine the response to Shirodhara therapy. Data were collected at baseline, end of the treatment (day 5) and 1 week after the treatment ended (follow-up). Results: Two males and eight females with a mean age of 40 years (range 23 to 72), SD ± 14.2, were enrolled in the study. One dropped out of the study, but all remaining nine participants experienced improvement at the end of treatment. The percentage of improvement range varied from 3.85% to 69.57%. At follow-up, most participants continued to improve. Comparison of means between baseline and day 5 indicated an overall significant improvement (P < .005), but in a comparison of baseline vs 1 week posttreatment the improvement was not significant (P < .089). No adverse events were reported during the study. Conclusion: Shirodhara with Brahmi oil may be beneficial for moderate to severe insomnia. It is feasible to recruit and retain participants for such therapies in the United States. It is important to validate these findings and investigate the mechanism of action using a larger sample and rigorous research design.
Laparoscopy-assisted Total Gastrectomy: A Simplified Approach
Authors: Muguruma Kazuya , Tanaka Hiroaki , Sakurai Katsunobu , Toyokawa Takahiro , Kubo Naoshi , Yamashita Yoshito , Sawada Tetsuji , Ohira Masaichi , Hirakawa Kosei 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomy (LATG), esophagojejunostomy is an effective but difficult procedure to perform. We describe a simple modification that substantially facilitates insertion of the anvil into the esophagus and avoids oral injuries and complications. After mobilization of the stomach and esophagus, a semicircumferential esophagotomy is made at the anterior esophageal wall. An OrVil anvil (Orvil, Covidien, Norwalk, CT, USA) is delivered laparoscopically and secured with a POLYSORB (Covidien) suture to the esophagus. The suture is advanced anteriorly so that the center rod penetrates the esophageal wall. The esophagus is transected with the stapler at this point. A circular-stapled esophagojejunostomy is then performed using the hemidouble stapling technique. Laparoscopy-assisted total gastrectomies were performed for 40 patients with gastric cancers (T1N0M0). All procedures were completed laparoscopically without any complications. The time required to place the anvil averaged 5 min compared with 9 min reported by others. There were no major complications or mortality in this series. The major advantage of this technique is that circular stapling is much easier than linear stapling, allowing surgeons without advanced surgical skills in LATG to perform the procedure effectively and safely.
Measures for Preventing Wound Infections During Elective Open Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Scrubbing With Gauze
Authors: Goi Takanori , Ueda Yuki , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Sawai Katsuji , Morikawa Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Akio 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In addition to the general surgical-site infection prevention measures in colorectal cancer surgery, we performed a simple subcutaneous scrubbing procedure with gauze at the time of abdominal closure, which reduced the incidence of wound infections. There are 289 patients whose primary colon cancer lesions were removed by elective surgeries. They were divided into Group A (74 patients with no wound infection prevention measures who were treated from 2002 to 2003), Group B (76 patients with wound infection prevention measures who were treated from 2007 to 2008), and Group C (139 patients with subcutaneous scrubbing with gauze plus the measures in Group B who were treated from 2009 to 2012). The incidence in Group A was 23%, while the corresponding values in Group B and Group C were 14.5% and 2.9%, respectively. The incidence of wound infections was substantially reduced by additional subcutaneous scrubbing with a saline solution and gauze during closure of a surgical incision. This very simple procedure was considered useful for surgical site infection prevention.