bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 16‐channel dual‐row transmit array in combination with a 31‐element receive array for human brain imaging at 9.4 T
Authors: Shajan G. , Kozlov Mikhail , Hoffmann Jens , Turner Robert , Scheffler Klaus , Pohmann Rolf 
Published: March 2013

PurposeArranging transmit array elements in multiple rows provides an additional degree of freedom to correct B1+ field inhomogeneities and to achieve whole‐brain excitation at ultrahigh field strengths. Receive arrays shaped to the contours of the anatomy increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the image. In this work, the advantages offered by the transmit and receive array techniques are combined for human brain imaging at 9.4 T.MethodsA 16‐element dual‐row transmit array and a 31‐element receive array were developed. Based on an accurate numerical model of the transmit array, the deposited power was calculated for different head sizes and positions. The influence of the receive array on the transmit field was characterized. Parallel imaging performance and signal‐to‐noise ratio of the receive array were evaluated.ResultsOn average, a two fold increase in signal‐to‐noise ratio was observed in the whole‐brain volume when compared with a 16‐channel elliptic microstrip transceiver array. The benefits of combining the two arrays, B1+ shimming in three directions and high receive sensitivity, are demonstrated with high‐resolution in vivo images.ConclusionThe dual‐row transmit array provides whole‐brain coverage at 9.4 T, which, in combination with the helmet‐shaped receive array, is a valuable radio frequency configuration for ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging of the human brain. Magn Reson Med 71:870–879, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anorganische Chemie 2012
Authors: Fischer Roland C. , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHauptgruppenelemente: Neue Synthesestrategien, ungewöhnliche Bindungssituationen und vollständige katalytische Kreisprozesse — Koordinationschemie: Gold als überraschendes Element und metallhaltige, supramolekulare Systeme gewinnen an Komplexität — Bioanorganik: Mechanismen von Metalloenzymen und Aktivierung von Sauerstoff
Makromolekulare Chemie 2012
Authors: Walther Andreas , Schacher Felix H. , Kühne Alexander 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolymerisationen lassen sich durch Licht und Elektrochemie steuern, und definierte Monomersequenzen sowie kontrollierte modulare Ligation tragen zur besseren Strukturkontrolle bei. Kolloidale Systeme zeichnen sich durch höhere Komplexität aus, weiche und hochfunktionale Kerne werden ergänzt durch Anisometrie und Kompartimentierung von Wechselwirkungen und Funktionen. Anwendungsgebiete für funktionale Polymere finden sich in der Optoelektronik, den Bio‐ und Lebenswissenschaften sowie in autonom selbstheilenden, schaltbaren und porösen Materialien.
Traditionelle Rollenmuster
Authors: Pascher Ute 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWie sehen Chemiestudentinnen ihren Weg in die Wissenschaft? Soziologinnen der Universität Duisburg‐Essen haben bei Studentinnen im zweiten Fachsemester nachgefragt und ihre Antworten mit denen ihrer männlichen Kommilitonen verglichen.
The Therapeutic Effects of Repeated Detrusor Injections Between 200 or 300 Units of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Chronic Spinal Cord Injured Patients
Authors: Chen Yih‐Chou , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the therapeutic effects of repeated detrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections on treatment outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and urinary incontinence.Materials and MethodsPatients with SCI who failed antimuscarinic treatment were enrolled. All patients had urodynamic detrusor overactivity (DO) or increased detrusor tonicity without anatomical bladder outlet obstruction or intrinsic sphincter deficiency. They were randomly assigned to receive 200‐U or 300‐U onabotulinumtoxinA detrusor injections every 6 months. The primary endpoint was 6 months after the second injection. The urodynamic parameters, QoL measures, and 99mTc renal scans were evaluated at baseline and every 3 months and compared between dosages.ResultsA total of 72 patients were enrolled, including 43 men and 29 women and mean injury duration of 8.7 years. Among them, 38 patients received 200‐U and 34 received 300‐U onabotulinumtoxinA injections. At the end‐point, the urodynamic parameters and incontinence severity improved significantly, without a significant difference between the two groups. QoL also improved in both groups, without differences between groups. Uninhibited DO improved more in 300‐U group compared to 200‐U group at end‐point (P = 0.01). The GFR did not change significantly in either group. The most common complication was urinary tract infection, which occurred in one third of patients.ConclusionsEither 200‐U or 300‐U repeated detrusor onabotulinumtoxinA injections improved incontinence, urodynamic parameters, and QoL in SCI patients with neurogenic DO. Renal function was maintained in patients receiving both dosage of repeated injections. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:129–134, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An inverse scattering problem for the time‐dependent Maxwell equations: nonlinear optimization and model‐order reduction
Authors: Mancini R. , Volkwein S. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, an inverse scattering problem for the time‐dependent Maxwell curl equations is considered on an unbounded domain. This problem is formulated as an optimal control problem governed by partial differential equations. Utilizing techniques from infinite‐dimensional optimization first‐order necessary optimality conditions is presented. For the numerical solution, a gradient‐based algorithm is successfully applied. To investigate the applicability of reduced‐order modeling in the context of the underlying inverse scattering problem, the method of proper orthogonal decomposition is studied for the Maxwell equations with respect to changes in the excitation frequencies and change of parameters. Numerical tests illustrate the efficiency for the proper orthogonal decomposition model‐order reduction approach. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes care: can QOF miss the point? Unexpected improvement in diabetes control should prompt a search for an underlying cause
Authors: Hunter Louise , Pearce Sushmita 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Quality and Outcomes Framework for diabetes mellitus has led to an improvement in diabetes management since its introduction in 2004. However, the focus on reduction of HbA1c must not detract from a holistic approach to patient care.We present the case of a patient whose unexpected decline in HbA1c levels culminated in an emergency presentation to hospital, where Addison's disease was diagnosed. Features of adrenal insufficiency were present prior to acute admission.We review the presenting features of Addison's disease and discuss the differential diagnosis of reduced HbA1c in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Safety and efficacy of liraglutide 1.2mg in patients with mild and moderate renal impairment: the ABCD nationwide liraglutide audit
Authors: Thong KY , Walton C , Ryder REJ ,   On behalf of the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists (ABCD) Nationwide Liraglutide Audit contributors
Published: March 2013

AbstractLiraglutide is not predominantly eliminated by renal excretion. We assessed its safety and efficacy among patients with mild and moderate renal impairment.Patients from a nationwide audit of liraglutide (1.2mg) use were divided according to pre‐treatment renal function calculated by the Cockcroft‐Gault formula. Adverse events, liraglutide discontinuation and changes in HbA1c, weight, systolic blood pressure and serum creatinine were compared between groups of different pre‐treatment renal function.As compared with patients with normal renal function (n=1446), patients with mild renal impairment (n=288) and moderate renal impairment (n=57) were equally likely to report gastrointestinal side effects (adjusted OR 1.11 [95% CI 0.80–1.54] and 0.67 [95% CI 0.31–1.48]), respectively, but more frequently stopped liraglutide due to gastrointestinal side effects (adjusted OR 2.32 [95% CI 1.45–3.74] and 2.37 [95% CI 0.97–5.81]), respectively. Minor hypoglycaemia and acute renal failure were uncommonly reported and were not more frequent among patients with renal impairment. Patients remaining on treatment in all three groups achieved significant HbA1c and weight reduction at six months (between 11 to 12mmol/mol [1.0 to 1.1%] and ‐3.6 to ‐3.8kg). No effect of renal function was seen influencing the degree of HbA1c and weight reduction. Liraglutide treatment was associated with a small reduction in serum creatinine among patients with renal impairment.We concluded that liraglutide was safe, efficacious but more frequently discontinued among patients with mild renal impairment. More data are needed to establish its safety among patients with moderate or more significant renal impairment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Mechanical properties of perfluoro sulfonated acids: The role of temperature and solute activity
Authors: Zhao Qiao , Benziger Jay 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWater sorption and mechanical properties of perfluoro sulfonated acids (PFSAs), Aquivion and Nafion, are compared under environmentally controlled conditions from 25 to 120 °C and water activities of 0–0.95. Under dry conditions Nafion and Aquivion have thermal transitions at 60 °C and 95 °C, respectively, where the elastic modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature. Below their thermal transition temperatures water sorption plasticizes both PFSAs; the elastic moduli decrease with increasing water activity. Above the thermal transition water sorption stiffens both polymers; increasing the water activity from 0 to 0.01 increases the elastic moduli by a factor >10. Plasticization and stiffening are reversible with changing water activity at constant temperature. The thermal transition in PFSAs is suggested to result from reversible clustering of ionic groups. The higher thermal transition temperature for Aquivion is suggested to reduce the risk of membrane thinning and failure due to creep. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 915–925
Interpretation of experimental dependencies of the switching effect in GeSbTe
Authors: Bogoslovskiy Nikita 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn electronic–thermal model of the switching effect in chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (CGSs) is investigated. The model fits the experimental current–voltage characteristics (CVC) of GeSbTe films in both the ohmic and exponential regions. Also, the model is in good agreement with the experimental dependences of threshold voltage and threshold current on temperature and thickness. The results indicate that multiphonon tunnel ionization (MTI) of negative‐U centers and heating is a possible mechanism for the CVC nonlinearity and the switching effect in chalcogenides.
Towards the understanding of the intentionally induced yellow luminescence in GaN nanowires
Authors: Rodrigues J. , Miranda S. M. C. , Fernandes A. J. S. , Nogales E. , Alves L. C. , Alves E. , Tourbot G. , Auzelle T. , Daudin B. , Méndez B. , Trindade T. , Lorenz K. , Costa F. M. , Monteiro T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGallium nitride (GaN) has gained a lot of attention due to its high range of applications as solid state light emitters and detectors. However, the nitride samples often evidence deep level optically active defects affecting their performance on the high energy spectral region. This is the case for the commonly observed yellow luminescence (YL) band detected in bulk samples and thin films. Despite the large amount of literature reports on the processes that rule this emission in GaN films, there is still some controversy regarding the origin of the defects from where the YL originates. Furthermore, decreasing the dimensionality by analysing GaN nanowires provides new information on the luminescence behaviour when compared with epilayers. By using room temperature optical analysis, we aim to contribute to a deeper insight into the understanding of the YL detected in GaN NW, where YL was induced/enhanced by ion implantation and annealing treatments. YL was seen to be strongly dependent on different surface modifications, the analysis environment and illumination/irradiation excitation time. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface modification of field emission cathodes made of artificial carbon‐based material
Authors: Chepusov Alexander , Cholakh Seif , Kislov Eugene , Komarsky Alexander , Kuznetsov Vadim , Niculin Sergei , Skomorokhov Denis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhile the field emission acts at the technical vacuum level conditions (10‐5 Pa) and electrons emitted from cathode, the ion bombardment exists and continuously modifies the cathode surface. Using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) we studied the electronic structure of thin surface layer of artificial carbon‐based materials (ACB) used as field emission cathodes (FEC). The research resulted in the spectra of the samples B‐1300, B‐1500, B‐1900. After spectra processing features analysis shows the change in type of hybridization of the original material. This change is supported by three characteristic spectral features: asymmetry of the core levels spectrum lines change, the satellite structure transformation, Auger‐line and modification. So the initial material had sp2 type of hybridization, the spectra show that in thin surface layer a new phase with sp3‐hybridization exists and we can conclude formation of nanoclusters with diamond‐phase in thin surface layer of cathode. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Irradiation of carbon nanotubes with carbon projectiles: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Denton Cristian D. , Heredia‐Avalos Santiago , Moreno‐Marín Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe irradiation of carbon based nanostructures with ions and electrons has been shown to be an appropriate tool to tailor their properties. The defects induced in the nanostructures during irradiation are able to modify their mechanical and electronic properties. Here we simulate the irradiation of carbon nanotubes with carbon ions using a molecular dynamics code. We use the Tersoff potential joined smoothly to the Universal Ziegler‐Biersack‐Littmark potential at short distances. We study the number of defects produced after irradiation with a single carbon ion finding a saturation with its energy at ∼ 3 keV. We observe, after continuum irradiation with low energy ions, the formation of bumps in the irradiated region. For larger energy ions we find that the diameter of the nanotube shrinks as shown in previous works. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and dielectric properties of Pb0.85Ba0.25Zr0.53Ti0.47O3 compounds with nano‐inclusions of Cu and Ni
Authors: Gurskii L. I. , Macutkevic J. , Banys J. , Poddubskaya A. , Saraseko M. N. , Petrov A. V. , Kalanda N. A. , Sobolev N. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCeramic piezomaterials based on Pb0.75Ba0.15Zr0.53Ti0.47O3 (PBZT) system are characterized by high values of the ferroelectric Curie temperature and polarization. They have widespread applications in electromechanical and electroacoustic transducers, bandwidth filters, transformers, frequency stabilized resonators, etc. Preparation of PBZT composites with nano‐inclusions of Cu and Ni have been carried out by a complex powder technology including metallization procedures which were performed by the well‐known chemical deposition method from standard solutions of copper and nickel. Studies of hydrostatic density and porosity of obtained samples as well as their microstructural investigations have yielded a larger density of PBZT‐metal composites (5.3 – 7.3 g/cm3) as compared with pure PBZT (4.7 g/cm3). Measurements of dielectric properties of samples in the frequency range from 20 Hz – 1 MHz have shown that the Curie temperature increases in PBZT (Ni) and decreases in PBZT(Cu) in comparison with pure PBZT. The complex dielectric permittivity of all investigated composites at higher temperatures and low frequencies is mainly caused by the high electrical conductivity. Only at the highest frequency used (1 MHz) the real part of the complex permittivity is caused by a resonant soft mode and could be fitted with the Curie‐Weiss law. The activation energy of ferroelectric domain mobility in PBZT (Cu, Ni) composites is lower than in pure PBZT. This can be explained by a decrease of the domain size in composites. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A MODEL INCORPORATING DISTURBANCE AND RECOVERY PROCESSES IN BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE HABITAT—FLOW TIME SERIES
Authors: Olsen D. A. , Hayes J. W. , Booker D. J. , Barter P. J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe describe and demonstrate a model (Benthic Invertebrate Time Series Habitat Simulation) for calculating the effect of changes to flow regimes on benthic invertebrate habitat and population dynamics. The following inputs are required: a hydrograph (discharge time series), habitat–discharge relationship, disturbance–discharge relationship, wetted width–discharge relationship and a recolonization time series. Habitat–discharge, disturbance–discharge and wetted width–discharge relationships are common outputs from instream hydraulic habitat models (e.g. Physical Habitat Simulation, River Hydraulic Habitat Simulation and River2D). Hydraulic habitat models calculate a combined habitat suitability index from physical habitat suitability curves for water depth, velocity and substrate composition and weight this by area to give a weighted usable area (WUA). Because conventional invertebrate habitat suitability curves are based on density estimates, the combined habitat suitability index can be treated as an index of density and WUA treated as an index of potential relative abundance (at the reach scale) in the absence of disturbance due to flow variation (flooding and drying) and biotic processes. Our approach begins with WUA and calculates realizable suitable habitat (i.e. relative abundance) by taking into account the resetting of benthic invertebrate densities by floods and drying and recovery (or accrual) rates and times. The approach is intended mainly to compare the relative amounts of productive invertebrate habitat sustained by natural and modified flow regimes, but it also has the potential for investigating the influence of flow variation on invertebrate population dynamics. We anticipate that the model will be particularly useful for assessing effects of changes in flow regimes caused by diversions, abstractions or water storage on annual benthic invertebrate productivity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User authentication scheme with anonymity, unlinkability and untrackability for global mobility networks
Authors: Lee Tian‐Fu 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTUser authentication procedures are essential for global mobility networks and enable a mobile user to communicate securely with other users. Chang et al. recently presented an efficient authentication scheme with user anonymity in roaming environments. The authentication scheme of Chang et al. used low‐cost functions and was most suitable for battery‐powered mobile environments. However, Youn et al. pointed out that their authentication scheme cannot ensure user anonymity and resist known session key and side channel attacks. This study will demonstrate that the scheme of Chang et al. cannot resist impersonation attacks and violates session key security. In addition, this study present a secure and efficient authentication scheme based on the scheme of Chang et al. The proposed scheme not only avoids the weaknesses of the authentication scheme of Chang et al. but also ensures data unlinkability and users untrackabilty. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Investigation of the Allotropic Transformation in Iron
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Fang , Komizo Yu‐ichi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrevious studies on the allotropic transformation in iron suggested a high transformation temperature and a controversial transformation mechanism. At present, however, our understanding of the transformation characteristics in iron seems insufficient, especially as there is a general lack of in situ data on morphological evolution and lattice parameter changes during the transformation. In this study, the characteristics of the morphology, the crystallographic relationships, and short‐range diffusion in the allotropic transformation are investigated systematically on the basis of in situ and ex situ observations using time resolved X‐ray diffraction, laser scanning confocal microscopy, and electron backscattering diffraction. In contrast to the martensitic transformation, the characteristics of the allotropic transformation will be highlighted. Finally, the results are compared with previous reports in order to provide further insight into the nature of the phase transformation based on the in situ observations.
Hardness Variation in P92 Heat‐Resistant Steel based on Microstructural Evolution during Creep
Authors: Jiang Jun , Zhu Lihui , Wang Yanfeng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn order to optimize the strength of P92 heat‐resistant steel, the variation in hardness and microstructural evolution during creep were investigated. The results show that before crept for 1429 h at 873 K, the coarsening of M23C6 is the main factor to decrease the hardness. When the creeping time prolongs from 1429 to 6063 h, the increase of hardness is mostly attributed to the precipitation of a large amount of Laves phase. Thereafter, the coarsening of Laves phase leads to the decline in hardness. The precipitation hardening resulting from MX drops distinctly in spite of the slight growth during creep. It is important to control the growth of MX, decrease the coarsening velocity of M23C6 and keep Laves phase to be fine.
Fetal cardiac function in recipient twins undergoing fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses for Stage IV twin–twin transfusion syndrome
Authors: Van Mieghem T. , Martin A. M. , Weber R. , Barrea C. , Windrim R. , Hornberger L. K. , Jaeggi E. , Ryan G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveCardiac dysfunction is common in the recipient fetus of twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). In this study, we aimed to document the severity of fetal cardiac dysfunction in Stage IV TTTS (fetal hydrops) and assess evolution of cardiac function longitudinally after fetoscopic laser surgery.MethodsWe reviewed obstetric ultrasound examination data, pre‐ and postoperative echocardiograms and neonatal outcomes for 22 cases of Stage IV TTTS undergoing fetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses between 1998 and 2011. Myocardial performance index, atrioventricular valve flow patterns, ventricular shortening fraction, ventricular hypertrophy, outflow tract obstruction and venous Doppler waveforms were assessed.ResultsNineteen fetuses (86.4%) had ascites, eight (36.4%) had pleural effusions, nine (40.9%) had a pericardial effusion and 12 (54.5%) had subcutaneous edema at presentation. Preoperatively, cardiac function was grossly abnormal in all. Eight fetuses (36.4%) had functional pulmonary atresia and one (4.5%) had functional aortic atresia. Seventy‐seven percent of recipient fetuses survived until birth. Postoperative echocardiographic follow‐up (mean, 26 days) showed that indices of fetal cardiac function improved considerably, but never completely normalized. Six of the eight fetuses with functional pulmonary atresia (75.0%), as well as the fetus with functional aortic atresia, survived to birth. In all cases, the functional atresia resolved within 48 h of laser ablation therapy and none had structural valve anomalies at birth. All fetal effusions resolved after the laser.ConclusionsFetoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses reverses cardiac dysfunction and valvulopathy, even in the most severe cases of TTTS. However, recovery takes longer than in early stage disease. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.