bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la responsabilisation du système de santé selon la reforme HPST : la loi, le discours et l'éthique
Authors: Malherbe Denis 
Published: June 2014

Le parlement français a voté en 2009 la loi « Hôpital, Patients, Santé, Territoires » (HPST) afin d’améliorer la performance du système de santé. Cette réforme veut responsabiliser les régions, réseaux et organisations de santé en modifiant leurs structures de gouvernance et de coopération. Au travers de ses sources officielles (la loi), elle reprend nombre d’arguments de la Nouveau Management Public ( New Public Management) , en liant a priori légitimité sociale et discours sur l’efficience économique. HPST propose ainsi une certaine vision du système de santé comme bien commun (l’éthique). Mais quelle est la portabilité d’un modèle de responsabilisation inspiré du champ actionnarial et concurrentiel, lorsqu’il est appliqué à un secteur d’intérêt général, intensément professionnalisé et aussi indispensable que coûteux pour la collectivité ? Face à cette complexité, cette réflexion critique éclaire les limites, confusions et risques du décalage persistant, au sein des autorités de régulation, entre le besoin éthique d’une juste refondation des pratiques de gouvernance et la réponse institutionnelle d’une réforme centrée sur les structures et outils formels de gouvernement.
Pour une évaluation qualitative participante inhibitrice du risque psychosocial
Authors: Haim Patrick 
Published: June 2014

La surcharge de travail et des délais de réalisation trop courts tout comme la pression de la hiérarchie, des clients, des autorités publiques et les non-atteintes d’objectifs peuvent conduire le salarié à un état dépressif. Cet état constitue un risque pour lui-même, pour son entourage et pour l’entreprise qui l’emploie. Une santé fragile, une énergie qui décroit et un manque de concentration se conjuguent souvent à une faible considération d’autrui, un manque de coopération et de confiance et des sensations de mal-être. Un engagement participatif insuffisant des ressources humaines fait partie des indicateurs de risque psychosocial que les entreprises ne prennent pas en compte dans leurs tableaux de bord classiques essentiellement quantitatifs. Effectuer une « évaluation qualitative participante », qui laisse l’initiative d’actions au collaborateur, permet de réduire le risque psychosocial inducteur de coûts et de non-performances. C’est le constat réalisé auprès d’une centaine de téléopérateurs après 2 ans de recherches/intervention.
Le rôle de la formation dans l'acceptation de l'intranet 2.0 : le cas d'un établissement bancaire français
Authors: Azzouz Mahdi , Bidan Marc 
Published: June 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre l’influence des dispositifs de formation sur les croyances et les attitudes des utilisateurs finaux d’intranet 2.0. En se référant à l’intranaute comme unité d’analyse, les effets directs et indirects de la formation sont testés sur trois modalités d’évaluation des intranets : la satisfaction qui en est retirée, l’usage qui en est fait et les impacts qui en sont perçus. Ce modèle est testé auprès de 312 intranautes appartenant à un établissement bancaire français. Les données collectées sont traitées en recourant à une analyse exploratoire (analyse factorielle exploratoire) puis confirmatoire (analyse factorielle confirmatoire, méthodes des équations structurelles). Il apparaît qu’il existe une certaine complémentarité entre trois formes d’apprentissage, à savoir : apprentissage par analogie, apprentissage par l’expérimentation et l’apprentissage formalisé. Chacune de ces formes peut être considérée comme un levier d’action au sein de l’établissement bancaire afin d’y faciliter l’acceptation de l’intranet et l’adhésion des agents organisationnels à l’esprit de la technologie. Les responsables chargés de la gouvernance du système intranet sont invités à fournir aux utilisateurs les outils nécessaires afin d’instaurer un climat de partage, d’échange et de collaboration au sein de l’établissement bancaire.
Fundamental Study of Underwater Welding
Authors: Brown Alan J. , Staub James A. , Masubuchi Koichi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper stresses the need for a reliable underwater "wet" welding process and points out the value of fundamental research in this area. Various heat transfer mechanisms are sited as being ultimately responsible for metallurgical structure and residual stress. A finite element heat transfer model including radiation, boiling and the arc bubble mechanism is described. Results are evaluated in relation to individual phenomena and areas for future research are defined.

Introduction
The need for a reliable underwater joining process is very real in today's offshore technology. Although underwater chamber welding "in the dry" has proven to be a partial solution to the problem, this process is limited to the welding of regular shapes, such as pipelines and is very expensive. For more general underwater repairs and fabrication chambers are impractical and welding "in the wet" is desirable. The only other alternatives for such work are prefabrication and dry-docking, but complete prefabrication is not always possible and dry-docking is costly. Unfortunately the "state-of-threat" in underwater wet welding has advanced very little since World War II and for this reason its use has been limited to temporary repair and salvage work. The standard U. S. Navy rule of thumb for wet underwater welds predicts 80% strength and 50% ductility when compared to similar surface welds. Before the use of underwater welding can be expanded to permanent repairs and structural fabrication present methods must be modified or radically changed. There are two basic approaches to select from when solving such a problem:Conduct an empirical study in which proposed processes might be tested, optimized, and evaluated. This first requires a proposed process to test.Conduct a fundamental study in which the various arc, heat, metallurgical and physical phenomena may be analyzed and modeled. An understanding of these phenomena could then be used in more rational selection and development of new processes. We have chosen to undertake the second of these approaches combined with an empirical study sufficient to substantiate our mathematical models.
Such work is particularly compatible to the university whereas development of hardware and technique might best be done in industry.
Cantinuous Vertical Profile Measurements of Physical Variables off the South Shore of Long Island Using a Variable Buoyancy Instrument Package
Authors: McIlroy William , McCoyd Gerard C. , Speidel M. Arthur 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A brief description is given of a Grumman-designed oceanographic instrument that was used to obtain vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and current speed and direction in a year-long oceanographic study of an area of the New York Bight. The variable buoyancy device that controls the instrumented package, the mooring system, and the computer programs that are used to reduce the data are discussed. Some typical data illustrate the Potential of the device.

Introduction
During the period October 1973 to November 1974 Grumman Ecosystems Corporation performed an oceanographic survey for the New York Atomic and Space Development Authority in an 800 square mile section off the south shore of Long Island, shown in Fig. 1. The data obtained, included vertical profiles of, current, temperature and salinity collected using Grumman profilers. These instruments were left unattended at moorings for periods ranging from one week to one month collecting data at one and five minute intervals respectively.
The profilers move up and down a taut mooring line controlled by a pneumatic variable buoyancy device (VBD). This device and a recording instrument package are enclosed in a streamlined hull. A description of the YED, the profiler and the recording package along with examples of data are presented in the following sections.

Variable Buoyancy Device
The VBD consists of an aluminum scuba tank, pressure regulator, differential pressure valve, a deep and a shallow valve and a bladder assembly. The tank containing helium is a standard aluminum scuba tank with a capacity of 12 liters and storage pressure of 174 kg/cm2. Not only is this tank lightweight and corrosion resistant but it is also non-magnetic and will not interfere with the compass readings. The regulator valve is a standard DACOR model 200 scuba valve of chrome plated brass which is antimagnetic and corrosion resistant. Since the design output pressure is higher than necessary to inflate the bladder the reference spring in this valve has been placed by a weaker spring. The valve bodies are manufactured from Lexan, a clear plastic, which is much more economical to use than stainless steel. It can be easily machined and is noncorrosive. The use of transparent valves is also convenient when troubleshooting during bench tests. These valves are adjusted by means of stainless steel pressure caps, with the number of turns marked on their sides. By means of a calibration curve selected shallow and deep water depths defining the extent of travel of the profiler can be set by the indicated number of turns. This system was originally designed for deep water operation but in this case was operated in relatively shallow water depths up to 30 meters. As a consequence very fine adjustment of the valves was necessary, as any error or malfunction of the valve could result in travel depth errors which are a considerable fraction of the actual depth.
Microsphere Based Drilling Fluid to Control Hole Enlargement during Drilling in Permafrost
Authors: Sengupta Soumyadipta 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Hole enlargement is a serious problem while drilling in permafrostconditions. The hole enlargement problems leads to lost circulation. Irregularand unstable holes also affect the quality of cement jobs. The drilling fluidis generally at a higher temperature than the permafrost formation. This causesa heat transfer from the drilling fluid to the formation. The ice particlesbinding the sediments together start to melt. This loosens up thesediments and causes caving. This paper proposes to minimize this problem witha low thermal conductivity fluid.
The drilling fluid can be cooled at the surface after it comes out of theannulus and before it is circulated back into the drill string. Cooling reducesthe temperature gradient between the fluid and formation. But this cooling isnot enough since the permafrost is at subzero temperatures and cooling to suchlow temperatures is not economically and practically feasible. This is wherethe innovative drilling fluid comes in. The drilling fluid shall have hollowmicrospheres. These microspheres are easily available commercially undervarious trade names. These microspheres lower the heat transfer coefficient ofthe fluid. This means that a significantly small amount of heat will betransferred from the drilling fluid to the formation. Low temperaturegradient and low thermal conductivity will work in conjunction.
The drilling fluid shall have a low heat transfer coefficient of 2.9-3BTU/hr.ft2.°F. The composition of the fluid and the heattransfer coefficient measuring experimental setup shall be discussed in thepaper. The paper shall also discuss the effects of heat transfer coefficient, circulation rates etc. on the thawing of permafrost.
The technique in this paper could go a long way in mitigating drillingproblems in permafrost regions.

Introduction
Conventional oil and gas reserves are fast depleting and becoming scarce dayby day. Hence, there is a need to find oil and gas reserves in previouslyunexplored areas of the earth. Arctic regions present one such area with hugepotential of untapped oil and gas reserves. Producing oil and gas in such harshenvironments require special techniques designed for these conditions. Everyoperation in the arctic has its own set of challenges.
Arctic intervention vessels !! design considerations and verification studies
Authors: Berg T.E. , Berg B.O. , Borgen H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The pristine Arctic region is vulnerable and the robustness of Arcticecosystems is not fully known. Bearing in mind serious accidents in oil and gasproduction in other parts of the world, it is important to develop methods, equipment, procedures and human competences that will make oil and gasexploration, production and export at least as safe as current activity in theNorth Sea. This paper discusses how to extend access to subsea productionequipment in regions with seasonial ice. Important factors such as longdistances to shore-based infrastructure, harsh environmental conditionsincluding ice, icing and polar lows, low quality of communication systemsservices and lack of workers with experience of working under Arctic conditionswill have to be investigated and analysed as inputs to the development of safeoperational procedures.
Ovality of High-Strength Linepipes Subject to Combined Loads
Authors: Fatemi A. , Kenny S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A numerical modeling procedure was developed, using the finite-elementsimulator ABAQUS/Standard, to predict the local buckling and post-bucklingresponse of high strength pipelines subject to combined state of loading. Thenumerical procedures were validated using test data from large-scaleexperiments examining the pure bending and local buckling of high strengthlinepipe. The numerical simulations were consistent with the measuredexperimental response for predicting the peak moment, strain capacity, deformation mechanism and local buckling response well into the post-yieldrange.
A parametric study on the local buckling response of high strength plainpipelines was conducted. The influence of pipe diameter to wall thickness ratio(D/t of 40, 60 and 80), pipe segment length to diameter ratio (L/D of 3.5, 5, 7and 12), yield strength to tensile strength ratio (Y/T of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9) andinitial geometric imperfections on the local buckling response was examined. The loading conditions included internal pressure and end rotation. Mechanicalresponse parameters examined included moment-curvature, ovalization, localstrain and modal response.
Iceberg Interaction Frequency Model for Subsea Structures
Authors: King Tony 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Subsea structures on the seabed may be impacted by free-floating or scouringicebergs. A drift-based Monte Carlo iceberg contact model was developed as partof the SIRAM (Subsea Ice Risk Assessment and Mitigation) program forcalculating iceberg impact risk for subsea structures on the northeast GrandBanks offshore Newfoundland and the Makkovik Bank on the Labrador Shelf. Themotivation for developing this model was to characterize the influence ofbathymetry (i.e., seabed orientation, ridges and basins) on iceberg interactionrates with subsea structures. Results were incorporated into a GIS-basedapplication to allow iceberg contact rates to be calculated for structures witha range of plan dimensions and elevations at various locations.
PIRAM: Pipeline Response to Ice Gouging
Authors: Phillips Ryan , Barrett John 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Pipeline Ice Risk Assessment & Mitigation JIP (PIRAM) developed aset of engineering models and design procedures for implementation intoindustry best practices for risk mitigation and protection of pipelineinfrastructure from ice keel loading. The models established the pipelinemechanical behaviour in response to ice keel load events, and assessedengineering concepts for protection and risk mitigation strategies. Improvedmethodologies for contact frequency and ice keel loads determination formedpart of the integrated model.
Pipeline protection against ice gouging is overviewed. A review of subgougeresponse and physical model tests provided a basis for refinement of threedimensional continuum finite element analyses of steady state gouging includingthe implementation of an effective stress based soil plasticity constitutiveroutine. A fully coupled ice, seabed and pipeline interaction model is used tocalibrate a simpler pipeline design approach for design purposes. Thestructural model, improved by considering 3D interaction effects, comparesstrains within the pipeline to those from continuum analyses and from physicalmodel tests. The PIRAM pipeline model provides the engine for the probabilisticassessment of pipeline cover depth using a GIS-based decision-support-systemfor route planning.
ColdShield Qualification: Waterproof Bonded Composite Reinforcements for FPSO HULL Repair - Seal Selection
Authors: Lamige Jean-Paul , Court Jean-Philippe , Grosjean Francois Luis , Geffroy Rene-Louis Luis , Lewandowski Alexandre , Heuillet Patrick 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
ColdShield is an innovative solution for making structural repairs and reinforcements in marine environments, specifically intended for the on-site maintenance of FPSO hulls. The purpose of this original process is to strengthen - in a safe and controlled manner - weakened offshore steel structures, without resorting to hot work such as welding or grinding, which involve naked flames. This paper presents the results of various laboratory tests, together with computer models for bringing this new technology up to qualification standard. The R&D campaign was conducted as a partnership between Total, the French Petroleum Institute (IFP - Energies Nouvelles) and COLD PAD, and involved four different private and public French laboratories.
ColdPad's original generic innovation has a potentially broad range of offshore applications such as bonded connections or structural repairs effected in situ. Its main advantage is that it allows safe repair with no down time. This permanent solution is designed to be installed under any environmental conditions, and even underwater. The prime specifically industrial application of ColdShield is in the maintenance and repair of FPSO hulls, mainly those damaged by severe corrosion. The renovation is intended to permanently restore the initial structural capacity and durably protect the damaged area against further corrosion.
This new technology is based on the proven techniques of bonded composite reinforcement already used in other industries such as aerospace, military and civil engineering. The current R&D program seeks to demonstrate through a qualification process that the ColdShield solution offers a reliable and lasting means of repairing FPSO hulls. This was achieved by demonstrating the full preservation of the bonded repair under severe offshore conditions.
Qualification of this bonded composite reinforcement involved many different steps. This paper focuses on one of them, showing how the material for the seal, the most critical component, was selected and tested through various research and development stages.
Although bonded composite reinforcements provide a real alternative to conventional " hot" structural repairs, they remain vulnerable to the humidity inherent to the offshore environment. ColdShield is designed to remain impervious to marine conditions, especially during the two critical phases of installation and servicing, suggesting high-potential future applications. In addition, the prequalified installation procedure has been turned into an industrial process intended to be faithfully reproduced on site for reliable, repeatable performances.
Ormen Lange Flow Assurance System (FAS) - Online Flow Assurance Monitoring and Advice
Authors: Lunde Glenn Gahr , Rudrum Graham , Angelo Pabs , Holmas Kristian , Setyadi Gandi Rahmawan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A Flow Assurance System (FAS) is installed on Ormen Lange in order to give information about the multiphase flow through the entire subsea production and pipeline system and onshore slug catchers to support the operation of the field. The FAS includes the following modules:Virtual Flow Metering System (VFMS):Model calculated values of flow rates as backup to physical multiphase meters.Pipeline Monitoring System (PMS):Model calculated values of pipeline flowing conditions and onshore receiving facilities.Leakage and Blockage Detection (LDS):Combining information from measurements and model calculated values of pressures and flow rates along with statistical process control methods.
In 2011 the FAS was upgraded with the transient multiphase flow simulator FlowManager™ Dynamic, replacing the previous simulator. In this paper, it is shown that the new simulator gives accurate model predictions, which is essential for all the modules in the FAS.
The flow assurance challenges of the Ormen Lange field are significant. Due to sub-zero temperatures at the sea bed, there is a risk of hydrate and ice formation. However, the FAS reduces the risk of hydrate and ice formation. The transient simulator calculates pressure, temperature, water content and MEG concentration through the entire subsea system, giving the margin to the hydrate formation curve for actual operation conditions.
Another flow assurance challenge is liquid surges. The long transport (120 km) of unprocessed fluids in a hilly seabed terrain induces liquid surges in the pipelines due to liquid accumulation at low rates. In this paper it is shown that the new transient simulator is able to accurately predict the liquid surges including arrival time and liquid level in the slug catchers. Thus, the operators and flow assurance engineers have a tool to optimize the ramp-up speed avoiding flooding of the slug catchers.
The FAS gives full overview of current operation conditions and predicted changes in the subsea system and slug catchers the next hours. All operations (e.g. shut-in, restart or ramp-up) can be simulated in advance. This ensures safe and optimized operation of the complex Ormen Lange production systems.