bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic performance of an albuminuria point-of-care test in screening for chronic kidney disease among young people living with HIV in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nasuuna Esther M , Kalyesubula Robert , Tomlinson Laurie A , Castelnuovo Barbara , Okello Emmy , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Weiss Helen A 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe main aim was to determine the diagnostic performance of an albuminuria point-of-care test (POC) for diagnosis of chronic kidney disease among young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) in Uganda.DesignWe conducted a cross-sectional study comparing the diagnostic performance of MicroalbuPHAN (Erba Lachema, Czech Republic), an albuminuria POC test against the laboratory-measured albumin and creatinine as the reference standard.SettingThe study was set in seven HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda that provide antiretroviral therapy to adults and children living with HIV. The study took place from April to August 2023.Participants497 YPLHIV aged 10–24 years who were diagnosed with HIV before 10 years of age were randomly selected from the HIV clinics. Pregnant YPLHIV were excluded.ProceduresParticipants provided a spot urine sample that was tested for albumin and creatinine using the POC and in the laboratory and proteinuria using urine dipstick. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values (NPV, PPV) of the POC versus the laboratory test were calculated, and factors associated with having a positive POC test were estimated using logistic regression.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was a diagnosis of albuminuria defined as an albumin creatinine ratio above 30 mg/g.ResultsOf the 497 participants enrolled, 278 (55.9%) were female and 331 (66.8%) were aged 10–17 years. The POC test had a sensitivity of 74.5% (95% CI 70.6% to 78.4%) and specificity of 68.1% (95% CI 63.9% to 72.3%). The PPV was 21.5% (95% CI 17.8% to 25.1%) and the NPV was 95.8% (95% CI 94.0% to 97.6%), with an accuracy of 68.8%. There was strong evidence that a positive POC test was associated with having proteinuria (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.89 to 4.22, p<0.001); body mass index <19.5 (OR 1.69 95% CI 1.17 to 2.45, p=0.005) and being male (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.02 to 2.14, p=0.04).ConclusionsThe albuminuria POC test had low sensitivity and specificity. However, it can be used to exclude kidney disease given its high NPV. It should be validated against the 24-hour urinary excretion rate to further determine its diagnostic performance.
Factorial randomised controlled trial to examine the potential effect of a text message-based intervention on reducing adolescent susceptibility to e-cigarette use: a study protocol
Authors: Barnes Courtney , Turon Heidi , McCrabb Sam , Mantach Stephanie , Janssen Lisa , Duffy Megan , Groombridge Daniel , Hodder Rebecca , Meharg David , Robinson Elly , Bialek Caitlin , Wallace Seaneen , Leigh Lucy , Wolfenden Luke 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAdolescent e-cigarette use, globally and within Australia, has increased in recent years. In response, public health agencies have called for the development of education and communication programmes targeting adolescents. Despite such recommendations, few rigorous evaluations of such interventions currently exist. The main objective of this study is to examine the potential effect of a text message intervention targeting parents and adolescents on adolescent susceptibility to e-cigarette use (eg, intentions towards using e-cigarettes). Secondary objectives are to (1): examine the effect of the intervention on adolescent e-cigarette and combustible tobacco use and (2) examine the acceptability of the intervention.Methods and analysisA randomised controlled trial employing a 2×2 factorial design will be conducted with parent–adolescent dyads (aged 12–15 years). Dyads will be randomly allocated to one of four arms: arm 1—a text message intervention delivered to adolescents only; arm 2—a text message intervention delivered to the parents of adolescents only; arm 3—a text message intervention delivered to both the parents and adolescents; and arm 4—an information only control, consisting of an e-cigarette factsheet provided to parents only. Participant recruitment commenced in March 2023 with the aim to recruit 120 parent–adolescent dyads. Data collection to assess study outcomes will occur at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months post the commencement of the intervention. The primary endpoint will be 6-month follow-up. The primary outcome will be adolescent susceptibility to e-cigarette use, assessed using validated items. Analyses of trial outcomes will be undertaken under an intention-to-treat framework, with all participants included in the analysis in the group they were allocated.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the human research ethics committee of the University of Newcastle (H-2022-0340). Findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.Trial registration numberThe trial was registered prospectively with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12623000079640).
Barriers to and enablers of the transition from child and adolescent to adult mental health services for autistic young people and/or those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Tang Kim , Hill Elizabeth , Pellicano Elizabeth , Thompson Craig , Myers Bronwyn 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAutistic young people and/or those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who have co-occurring mental health conditions experience significant challenges when transitioning from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS). However, barriers and facilitators to this service transition are poorly understood for this population. This scoping review aims to synthesise the available evidence on barriers and enablers to the transition from CAMHS to AMHS for autistic young people and/or those with ADHD.Methods and analysisArksey and O'Malley’s six-step framework for scoping reviews will be used. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist will guide the reporting of this review. Electronic databases of Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest Central and Google Scholar will be searched for relevant articles published in English with no date limitations. Title, abstract and full-text screening will be completed by two independent reviewers. Studies will be eligible for inclusion if the article focuses on (1) adolescents and/or young people (aged 18–24) with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and/or ADHD (population) and (2) describes factors associated with service or care transitions (concept) (3) from CAMHS to AMHS (context). Study quality will be evaluated using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields. Data describing the factors that enable or inhibit the transition from CAMHS to AMHS will be extracted and synthesised using the Bronfenbrenner’s social ecological model as a framework for organising and reporting results.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BZPQF.
How a population-based cohort of men estimate lifetime risk of prostate cancer in a survey before entering a prostate cancer screening trial in Sweden?
Authors: Palmstedt Emmeli , Månsson Marianne , Kollberg Karin Stinesen , Carlsson Sigrid , Hellström Mikael , Wallström Jonas , Hugosson Jonas , Arnsrud Godtman Rebecka 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesInvestigating men’s perceived lifetime risk of prostate cancer.DesignSurvey-based study to men invited for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in the GÖTEBORG-2 trial between September 2015 and June 2020.Setting38 775 men in the Gothenburg area, Sweden, were invited for PSA-testing and participated in a survey.Participants17 980 men participated in PSA-testing, of whom 13 189 completed the survey. In addition, 1264 men answered the survey only.InterventionsBefore having the PSA-test, men answered an electronic survey and estimated their lifetime risk of receiving a prostate cancer diagnosis on a visual analogue scale from 0% to 100%.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the median lifetime risk estimation, which was compared with Wilcoxon test to an anticipated lifetime risk of 20% (based on GÖTEBORG-1 trial). The secondary outcome was to determine factors associated with risk estimation in a multivariable linear regression model: previous prostate examination, family history, physical exercise, healthy diet, comorbidity, alcohol consumption, smoking, education level, marital status, urinary symptoms and erectile dysfunction.ResultsAmong PSA-tested men, the median estimated lifetime risk of prostate cancer was 30% (IQR 19% to 50%), corresponding to a 10 percentage-points higher estimation compared with the anticipated risk (p<0.001). Family history of prostate cancer, moderate to severe urinary symptoms and mild to moderate erectile dysfunction were associated with >5 percentage-points higher risk estimation. Similar results were obtained for non-PSA-tested men.ConclusionsMost men overestimated their prostate cancer risk which underscores the importance of providing them accurate information about prostate cancer.Trial registration numberISRCTN94604465.
Barriers and facilitators of cardiovascular disease prevention services for women with prior gestational diabetes or hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low-income, middle-income and high-income settings: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Quansah Dan Yedu , Visintini Sarah , O'Neill Carley , Savard Karine , Lewis Rebekah , Coutinho Thais , Mullen Kerri-Anne 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionWomen with previous pregnancy-related cardiovascular risk indicators, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although CVD screening and preventive care beginning in the early postpartum period are recommended, certain barriers limit access to such services. We plan to conduct a scoping review of the literature to explore and summarise evidence on the barriers and facilitators of postpartum CVD preventive services in women with a history of GDM and HDP.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted in line with the Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) methodological framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for conducting a systematic scoping review and will follow the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and the Coordinating Centre at the Institute of Education guidelines. The review results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. We will search the following databases: Medline, Embase and CINAHL. We will conduct grey literature searches for registered dissertations and theses. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be kept broad. Qualitative and quantitative studies published in English or French that investigated and reported percieved barriers or facilitators to postpartum CVD screening and preventive care among women with previous GDM and HDP will be included. Individual, interpersonal, organizational, and system level factors will be reported. Qualitative findings will be summarised narratively, and quantitative findings will be absorbed within the themes using the multisource synthesis method.Ethics and disseminationThis review represents one objective of a larger project that was reviewed by the Ottawa Health Sciences Network Research Ethics Board (QI-184). We will disseminate knowledge emanating from this review through open-access publication, presentation/public forums on women’s cardiovascular health, women’s CVD prevention forums and social media. We will also present the findings of this review at the annual meeting of the Canadian Women’s Heart Health Alliance.
Health outcomes of COVID-19 patients from Wuhan, China 3-year after hospital discharge: a cohort study
Authors: Dai Yang , Wang Yan , Yang Xin Yue , Wang Qing Hua , Hu Bao Man , Wang Man , Jiang Ji , Cheng Li Xia , Zheng Fu Yuan , Qin Ting , Zhang Ming Yang , Liu Yu Hui , Ma Xiang Yu , Zeng Ling , Jiang Jian Xin , Cao Guoqiang , Mao Qing Xiang , Jones Paul W , He Yong , Bin Cao , Li Li 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate changes in health outcomes between years 2 and 3 after discharge following COVID-19 and to identify risk factors for poor health 3-year post-discharge.DesignThis is a multicentre observational cohort study.SettingThis study was conducted in two centres from Wuhan, China.ParticipantsEligibility screening has been performed in 3988 discharged laboratory-confirmed adult COVID-19 patients. Exclusion criteria were refusal to participate, inability to contact and death before follow-up. The WHO COVID-19 guidelines on defining disease severity were adopted.Results1594 patients participated in the 1-year, 2-year and 3-year follow-ups, including 796 (49.9%) male patients, and 422 (26.5%) patients were classified in the severe disease group. 3 years after discharge, 182 (11.4%) patients still complained of at least one symptom. The most common symptoms were fatigue, myalgia, chest tightness, cough, anxiety, shortness of breath and expectoration. Fatigue or myalgia, the most common symptom cluster, frequently coexisted with chest symptoms and anxiety. Symptom persistence between years 2 and 3 was reported in 70 patients (4.4%) for which intensive care unit (ICU) admission was a risk factor (p=0.038). Of the 1586 patients who completed the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test (CAT), 97 (6.1%) scored ≥10, with older age being associated with CAT ≥10 (p=0.007).ConclusionsBetween years 2 and 3 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, most patients returned to an asymptomatic state, and only a few were still symptomatic. ICU admission was a risk factor for symptom persistence.
Study protocol: effects of exercise booster sessions on preservation of exercise-induced adaptations in persons with multiple sclerosis, a multicentre randomised controlled trial—the MS BOOSTER trial
Authors: Taul-Madsen Laurits , Hvid Lars G , Sellebjerg Finn , Christensen Jeppe Romme , Ratzer Rikke , Sejbæk Tobias , Svendsen Kristina Bacher , Papp Viktoria , Højsgaard Chow Helene , Lundbye-Jensen Jesper , Dawes Helen , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMultiple sclerosis (MS) causes a broad range of symptoms, with physical function being one of the most disabling consequences according to patients themselves. Exercise effectively improves lower extremity physical function. Nonetheless, it is unknown which exercise modality is most effective and it remains challenging to keep persons with MS adhering to exercise over a longer period. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate how exercise booster sessions (EBS) influence the sustainability of exercise-induced effects on physical function, and furthermore, to investigate which exercise modality (aerobic training or resistance training) is most effective in terms of improving physical function.Materials and methodsThis study is a multi-arm, parallel-group, open-label multicentre randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of EBS. Participants (n=150) are initially randomised to 12 weeks of either resistance training+usual care, aerobic training+usual care or usual care. After 12 weeks of intervention, participants in the exercise groups will again be randomised to either EBS+usual care or usual care during a 40-week follow-up period. The primary outcome is physical function (composite score based on 6-min walk test and five-time sit to stand), and the secondary outcomes are fatigue, cognition, physical activity, symptoms of depression and quality of life.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics (1-10-72-237-21) and is registered at the Danish Data Protection Agency (2016-051-000001) and at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04913012). All study findings will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT04913012.
Effect of age on postoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain after radical resection of lung cancer-specific pain in the post-anaesthesia care unit: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Shichao , Zhu Haipeng , Yuan Qinyue , Li Bing , Zhang Jiaqiang , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between age and postoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain after radical resection of lung cancer and the specific effect of moderate-to-severe pain in the post-anaesthesia care unit (PACU) on this relationship.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle medical centre.ParticipantsPatients ≥18 years having radical resection of lung cancer between 2018 and 2020.MeasurementsPostoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain.ResultsA total of 3764 patients were included in the analysis. The incidence of postoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain was 28.3%. Age had a significant effect on the prediction model of postoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain. Among the whole population and those without moderate-to-severe pain in the PACU, those who were younger than 58.5 years were prone to experience moderate-to-severe pain 24 hours after surgery, and in patients with moderate-to-severe pain in the PACU, the age threshold was 62.5 years.ConclusionFor patients who underwent elective radical resection for lung cancer, age was related to postoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain, and moderate-to-severe pain in the PACU had a specific effect on this relationship. Patients among the whole population and those patients without moderate-to-severe pain in the PACU were more likely to experience postoperative 24-hour moderate-to-severe pain when they were younger than 58.5 years old, and in patients with moderate-to-severe pain in the PACU, the age threshold was 62.5 years old.
Retinal and choroidal microvascular features during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Caixia , Liang Yuchen , Shang Qingli 
Published: August 2024

PurposeTo analyse retinal and choroidal microvasculature features in healthy pregnant women using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Ovid, Web of Science and Cochrane Library were searched for published studies that compare retinal and choroidal microvasculature characteristics between pregnant females and non-pregnant females from inception to November 2023. The statistics were continuous variables. They were presented as the mean difference (MD) with a corresponding 95% CI. We used Review Manager software 5.4.1 for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 5 eligible studies involving 219 eyes in the pregnancy group and 186 eyes in the control group were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that the retinal deep capillary plexus vascular density (DCP VD) measured by OCTA was significantly higher in healthy pregnant women than in controls (MD 1.53; 95% CI 0.62 to 2.44; I2=0%; p=0.0009). However, differences between the two groups in the retinal superficial capillary plexus VD (SCP VD) (MD 0.41;95% CI −1.26 to 2.09; I2=85%; p=0.63), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (MD 0.01; 95% CI −0.01 to 0.03; I2=14%; p=0.18), the choriocapillaris VD (CC VD) (MD 0.76; 95% CI −1.11 to 2.64; I2=79%; p=0.43) were uncertain.ConclusionsOur meta-analysis found that the DCP VD of healthy pregnant women was higher than that of non-pregnant controls. However, differences in SCP VD, FAZ and CC VD between the healthy pregnant women and the non-pregnancy controls were uncertain. Our findings can help to get a deeper understanding of retinal and choroidal microvascular characteristics during pregnancy.
UK survey of patient and caregiver perspectives on the impact of chronic kidney disease-associated anaemia
Authors: Hull Katherine L , Reast Jemma , Clair Catherine , Kent Jennifer , Moore Mandeep , Pittaway Sophie , Revell Pete , Burton James O 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveChronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated anaemia has substantial biopsychosocial impacts. This study explores the impact of CKD-associated anaemia and treatment preferences from the patient perspective.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingAnonymised online survey implemented by Ipsos UK on behalf of the National Kidney Federation and GSK from October 2022 to January 2023.ParticipantsData were collected from UK adults living with CKD (self-reported).Primary and secondary outcome measuresOutcome measures were exploratory and not predefined. The cross-sectional survey was designed to explore the biopsychosocial impact of living with anaemia on individuals with CKD; their unmet needs; the treatment strategies typically implemented and the associated barriers/facilitators to adherence; the healthcare professional–patient relationship with regard to anaemia diagnosis and management.ResultsOf 101 participants, 90 (89%) were patients with CKD and 11 (11%) were informal carers. 96 (95%) participants reported symptom(s) relevant to their experience of CKD. 88 (87%) participants reported symptom(s) associated with anaemia and 61 (64%) expressed an impact on daily life including 18 (19%) unable to perform daily activities, 13 (14%) unable to go to work and 9 (9%) reporting poor social life/interactions. 85 (84%) participants reported they have received treatment for anaemia: intravenous iron (n=55, 54%), iron tablets (n=29, 29%), erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs) via an autoinjector (n=28, 28%), ESA injections via a syringe (n=24, 24%), ESA injections via a dialysis machine (n=17, 17%), folic acid (n=22, 22%) and blood transfusion (n=17, 17%). Six of seven (86%) participants who received their ESA from a healthcare professional at home preferred injections whereas 13/27 (48%) participants who injected themselves at home preferred oral tablets.ConclusionsThere is not a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to the management of CKD-associated anaemia. A personalised approach incorporating the treatment preferences of the individual should be explored when discussing treatment options.