bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Service Employees’ Appearance Affect the Healthiness of Food Choice?
Authors: Huneke Tabea , Benoit (née Moeller) Sabine , Shams Poja , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDerived from previous research on social influence on food consumption and social comparison theory, this article examines the effect of service employees’ appearance on consumers’ food choice using an experimental study, involving a video manipulation and eye‐tracking technique. The video shows a menu being proffered by a waitress whose degree of apparent healthiness varies (healthy, overweight, unhealthy lifestyle). The menu contains both healthy and unhealthy meal alternatives. The analysis of participants’ eye movements demonstrated that exposure to the overweight employee did not stimulate greater (i.e., earlier or longer) attention to unhealthy meal alternatives, whereas exposure to the employee who displayed an unhealthy lifestyle did. These findings have social and managerial implications: The postulated stigma according to which the presence of overweight others encourages unhealthy eating appears questionable. Service providers that might secretly hire according to body weight have no grounds to do so. In contrast, employees signaling an unhealthy lifestyle through their style choices prompt patrons to pay more attention to unhealthy meal alternatives. Food service providers might want to take this factor into consideration and actively manage the aspects that can be altered by simple measures.
Injectable, Interconnected, High‐Porosity Macroporous Biocompatible Gelatin Scaffolds Made by Surfactant‐Free Emulsion Templating
Authors: Oh Bernice H. L. , Bismarck Alexander , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: December 2014

High‐porosity interconnected, thermoresponsive macroporous hydrogels are prepared from oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by gelatin‐graft‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). PolyHIPEs are obtained by gelling HIPEs utilizing the thermoresponsiveness of the copolymer components. PolyHIPEs properties can be controlled by varying the aqueous phase composition, internal phase volume ratio, and gelation temperature. PolyHIPEs respond to temperature changes experienced during cell seeding, allowing fibroblasts to spread, proliferate, and penetrate into the scaffold. Encapsulated cells survive ejection of cell‐laden hydrogels through a hypodermic needle. This system provides a new strategy for the fabrication of safe injectable biocompatible tissue engineering scaffolds.
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The Oseen and Navier–Stokes equations in a non‐solenoidal framework
Authors: Amrouche Chérif , Rodríguez‐Bellido María Ángeles 
Published: December 2014

The very weak solution for the Stokes, Oseen and Navier–Stokes equations has been studied by several authors in the last decades in domains of
. The authors studied the Oseen and Navier–Stokes problems assuming a solenoidal convective velocity in a bounded domain
of class
for v∈Ls(Ω) for s≥3 in some previous papers. The results for the Navier–Stokes equations were obtained by using a fixed‐point argument over the Oseen problem. These results improve those of Galdi et al. , Farwig et al. and Kim for the Navier–Stokes equations, because a less regular domain
and more general hypothesis on the data are considered. In particular, the external forces must not be small.In this work, existence of weak, strong, regularised and very weak solution for the Oseen problem are proved, mainly assuming that v∈L3(Ω) and its divergence ∇·v are sufficiently small in the W−1,3(Ω)‐norm. In this sense, one extends the analysis made by the authors for a given solenoidal v in some previous papers. As a consequence, the existence of very weak solution for the Navier–Stokes problem
for a non‐zero divergence condition is obtained in the 3D case. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stochastic assignment problem
Authors: Wu David T. , Ross Sheldon M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThere are n boxes with box i having a quota value Balls arrive sequentially, with each ball having a binary vector attached to it, with the interpretation being that if Xi = 1 then that ball is eligible to be put in box i. A ball's vector is revealed when it arrives and the ball can be put in any alive box for which it is eligible, where a box is said to be alive if it has not yet met its quota. Assuming that the components of a vector are independent, we are interested in the policy that minimizes, either stochastically or in expectation, the number of balls that need arrive until all boxes have met their quotas. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:23–31, 2015
Less Heat — More Power
Authors: Rattunde Marcel , Berndt Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a diode laser pumped semiconductor disk laser (SDL) at 2 μm wavelength of increased efficiency. By employing a novel pumping concept at a wavelength of 1470 nm, we optimize the power conversion efficiency of the 2 μm SDL. This is exemplarily shown for an SDL with an output power of over 20 W in continuous wave operation. This sets a new benchmark regarding efficiency and output power for these SDLs.
Higher accuracy and lower run time: efficient mutation analysis using non‐redundant mutation operators
Authors: Just René , Schweiggert Franz 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMutation analysis is a powerful but computationally expensive method to measure the effectiveness of a testing or debugging technique. The high cost is due, in part, to redundant mutants generated by commonly used mutation operators. A mutant is said to be redundant if its outcome can be predicted based on the outcome of other mutants. The execution of those redundant mutants is unnecessary and wastes CPU resources. Moreover, the inclusion of redundant mutants may lead to a skewed mutant detection rate and therefore misrepresent the effectiveness of the assessed testing or debugging technique. This paper extends previous work and makes the following contributions. First, it defines and provides non‐redundant versions of the conditional operator replacement, unary operator insertion, and relational operator replacement mutation operators. Second, it reports on a conducted empirical study using 10 real‐world programmes that comprise a total of 410 000 lines of code. The empirical study used developer‐written and generated test suites. The results show how prevalent redundant mutants are and how their elimination improves the efficiency and accuracy of mutation analysis. In summary, the total mutation analysis run time decreased by more than 20% by removing redundant mutants, and the inclusion of redundant mutants led to an overestimated mutation score for all analysed test suites. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of ovarian reserve by antral follicle count in ovaries with endometrioma
Authors: Lima M. L. , Martins W. P. , Coelho Neto M. A. , Nastri C. O. , Ferriani R. A. , Navarro P. A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate whether the antral follicle count (AFC) is underestimated in the presence of an endometrioma.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study assessing all women undergoing in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at our clinic between January 2011 and December 2012 who had both ovaries and unilateral endometrioma. The primary outcome of the study was the difference between AFC and the number of oocytes retrieved per ovary.ResultsWithin the study period 787 women underwent IVF/ICSI at our clinic. Sixty of these women had at least one endometrioma, but 23 were excluded from the analysis as six had only one ovary and 17 had bilateral endometriomas. Therefore a total of 37 women were included in this study and analysis. Compared with the contralateral ovaries, ovaries with an endometrioma were significantly larger in volume (median, 10.3 (interquartile range (IQR), 4.7–18.9)  cm3 vs median, 3.6 (IQR, 2.7–6.5)  cm3; P < 0.001) and presented a significantly lower AFC (median, 3.0 (IQR, 1.0–6.0) vs median, 5.0 (IQR, 2.0–6.5); P = 0.001). However, the median number of oocytes retrieved was similar (P = 0.60) between ovaries with an endometrioma (2.0 (IQR, 0.5–5.0)) and the contralateral ovaries (2.0 (IQR, 0.0–4.0)). Accordingly, the median difference between AFC and number of oocytes retrieved was significantly smaller (P = 0.005) for ovaries with an endometrioma (0.0 (IQR, −1.0 to 1.5) than for those without (2.0 (IQR, 0.0–4.0)).ConclusionsAlthough the AFC is reduced in ovaries with an endometrioma, the number of oocytes retrieved is similar, suggesting that the AFC is underestimated in such ovaries. We believe that this is a consequence of an impaired ability to detect small follicles in the presence of an endometrioma. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synthesis, Structure Determination and Electronic Structure of Magnesium Nitride Chloride, Mg2NCl
Authors: Li Yanqing , George Janine , Liu Xiaohui , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMagnesium nitride chloride, Mg2NCl, was synthesized from a solid‐solid reaction between magnesium nitride and magnesium chloride, and its crystal structure was determined by powder X‐ray diffraction. Mg2NCl crystallizes in the hexagonal space group R$\bar{3}$m with a = 3.2994(2) and c = 17.857(1) Å and belongs to the anti‐α‐NaFeO2 type. The compound consists of two‐dimensional [NMg2]+ slabs, in which N3– is octahedrally coordinated by six magnesium atoms, and the Cl– anions occupy the octahedral voids between these [NMg2]+ layers. The chemical bonding was analyzed by the COHP technique, and the direct bandgap of Mg2NCl is theoretically predicted as 3.6 eV based on the HSE06 functional.
Under the Lucky Moose: Belatedness and Citizen’s Arrest in Canada
Authors: Lam Anita , Cho Lily 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we use postcolonial theories of temporality—specifically the idea of belatedness—to examine how literal forms of lateness inform the so-called Lucky Moose case, wherein Chinese-Canadian grocer David Chen tardily performs a citizen’s arrest in Toronto. Canadian news media outlets, the Chinese-Canadian community, and R v Chen (2010) all contribute to the construction of Chen as an active legal subject, capable of working through the law on his own terms and in his own temporal framework. Consequently, Chen’s belatedness can be understood as part of a larger politics that serves to transform the temporality of citizenship and citizen’s arrest law in Canada.
Influence of boundary-layer disturbances on the instability of a roughness wake in a high-speed boundary layer
Authors: De Tullio Nicola , Sandham Neil D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe excitation of instability modes in the wake generated behind a discrete roughness element in a boundary layer at Mach 6 is analysed through numerical simulations of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Recent experimental observations show that transition to turbulence in high-speed boundary layers during re-entry flight is dominated by wall roughness effects. Therefore, understanding the roughness-induced transition to turbulence in this flow regime is of primary importance. Our results show that a discrete roughness element with a height of about half the local boundary-layer thickness generates an unstable wake able to sustain the growth of a number of modes. The most unstable of these modes are a sinuous mode (mode SL) and two varicose modes (modes VL and VC). The varicose modes grow approximately 17 % faster than the most unstable Mack mode and their growth persists over a longer streamwise distance, thereby leading to a notable acceleration of the laminar–turbulent transition process. Two main mechanisms are identified for the excitation of wake modes: the first is based on the interaction between the external disturbances and the reverse flow regions induced by the roughness element and the second is due to the interaction between the boundary-layer modes (first modes and Mack modes) and the non-parallel roughness wake. An important finding of the present study is that, while being less unstable, mode SL is the preferred instability for the first of the above excitation mechanisms, which drives the wake modes excitation in the absence of boundary-layer modes. Modes VL and VC are excited through the second mechanism and, hence, become important when first modes and Mack modes come into interaction with the roughness wake. The new mode VC presents similarities with the Mack mode instability, including the tuning between its most unstable wavelength and the local boundary-layer thickness, and it is believed to play a fundamental role in the roughness-induced transition of high-speed boundary layers. In contrast to the smooth-wall case, wall cooling is stabilising for all the roughness-wake modes.
TOPOLOGICAL DYNAMICS OF STABLE GROUPS
Authors: NEWELSKI LUDOMIR 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAssumeGis a group definable in a modelMof a stable theoryT. We prove that the semigroupSG(M) of completeG-types overMis an inverse limit of some semigroups type-definable inMeq. We prove that the maximal subgroups ofSG(M) are inverse limits of some definable quotients of subgroups ofG. We consider the powers of types in the semigroupSG(M) and prove that in a way every type inSG(M) is profinitely many steps away from a type in a subgroup ofSG(M).
UNDECIDABILITY OF THE THEORIES OF CLASSES OF
STRUCTURES
Authors: KACH ASHER M. , MONTALBÁN ANTONIO 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMany classes of structures have natural functions and relations on them:
concatenation of linear orders, direct product of groups, disjoint union of
equivalence structures, and so on. Here, we study the (un)decidability of the
theory of several natural classes of structures with appropriate functions and
relations. For some of these classes of structures, the resulting theory is
decidable; for some of these classes of structures, the resulting theory is
bi-interpretable with second-order arithmetic.
George Combe and common sense
Authors: DYDE SEAN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article examines the history of two fields of enquiry in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Scotland: the rise and fall of the common sense school of philosophy and phrenology as presented in the works of George Combe. Although many previous historians have construed these histories as separate, indeed sometimes incommensurate, I propose that their paths were intertwined to a greater extent than has previously been given credit. The philosophy of common sense was a response to problems raised by Enlightenment thinkers, particularly David Hume, and spurred a theory of the mind and its mode of study. In order to succeed, or even to be considered a rival of these established understandings, phrenologists adapted their arguments for the sake of engaging in philosophical dispute. I argue that this debate contributed to the relative success of these groups: phrenology as a well-known historical subject, common sense now largely forgotten. Moreover, this history seeks to question the place of phrenology within the sciences of mind in nineteenth-century Britain.
Cortical morphology and early adverse birth events in men with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Smith G. N. , Thornton A. E. , Lang D. J. , MacEwan G. W. , Kopala L. C. , Su W. , Honer W. G. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundReduced cortical gray-matter volume is commonly observed in patients with psychosis. Cortical volume is a composite measure that includes surface area, thickness and gyrification. These three indices show distinct maturational patterns and may be differentially affected by early adverse events. The study goal was to determine the impact of two distinct obstetrical complications (OCs) on cortical morphology.MethodA detailed birth history and MRI scans were obtained for 36 patients with first-episode psychosis and 16 healthy volunteers.ResultsPerinatal hypoxia and slow fetal growth were associated with cortical volume (Cohen's d = 0.76 and d = 0.89, respectively) in patients. However, the pattern of associations differed across the three components of cortical volume. Both hypoxia and fetal growth were associated with cortical surface area (d = 0.88 and d = 0.72, respectively), neither of these two OCs was related to cortical thickness, and hypoxia but not fetal growth was associated with gyrification (d = 0.85). No significant associations were found within the control sample.ConclusionsCortical dysmorphology was associated with OCs. The use of a global measure of cortical morphology or a global measure of OCs obscured important relationships between these measures. Gyrification is complete before 2 years and its strong relationship with hypoxia suggests an early disruption to brain development. Cortical thickness matures later and, consistent with previous research, we found no association between thickness and OCs. Finally, cortical surface area is largely complete by puberty and the present results suggest that events during childhood do not fully compensate for the effects of early disruptive events.
Exploring the role of conventionality in children's interpretation of ironic remarks
Authors: BURNETT DEBRA L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIrony comprehension in seven- and eight-year-old children with typically developing language skills was explored under the framework of the graded salience hypothesis. Target ironic remarks, either conventional or novel/situation-specific, were presented following brief story contexts. Children's responses to comprehension questions were used to determine their understanding of the components of irony: speaker meaning, speaker attitude, and speaker intent. It was hypothesized that conventional remarks would be easier to comprehend than novel/situation-specific remarks because they are more likely to be familiar to the children. Results indicated that children demonstrated better comprehension of speaker meaning for conventional remarks than for novel/situation-specific remarks but no significant differences were found for inferring speaker attitude or speaker intent.
Using Problem-Based Learning In Neurosciences Education for Medical Students
Authors: Purdy R. Allan , Benstead Timothy J. , Holmes D. Bruce , Kaufman David M. 
Published: December 2014

Background:A Curriculum Task Force proposed problem-based learning as one important educational strategy and recommended changes to a traditional medical curriculum.Methods:This paper describes how a problem-based learning course in neurosciences was developed and has evolved since its inception in the Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine. The curriculum planning and design phases are outlined, followed by a description of how the course has been implemented and evaluated.Results:Program evaluation results are presented, describing student performance on examinations and their feedback about the course.Conclusion:The authors summarize lessons learned and identify future issues to continue the ongoing development of the course.
Utility of a Moveable 1.5 Tesla Intraoperative MR Imaging System
Authors: Kaibara Taro , Saunders John K. , Sutherland Garnette R. 
Published: December 2014

Objective:This study demonstrates the utility of a newly-developed moveable 1.5 Tesla intraoperative MR imaging system using a case report of a multi-lobulated parafalx meningioma.Clinical Presentation:A 43-year-old female presented with progression of a multi-lobulated anterior parafalx meningioma several years following resection of a large left frontal convexity meningioma.Intervention and Technique:Surgical excision of the lesion was undertaken. Following apparent total resection, intraoperative MR imaging revealed two residual dumbell shaped lobules. Using these updated MR images, the tumour was readily identified and removed.Conclusion:The moveable 1.5 Tesla intraoperative MR system used in the present case provides rapid, high resolution MR images during neurosurgical procedures. Moving the magnet out of the surgical field during surgery permits the use of all standard neurosurgical instruments. The ease of use and quality of images combined with minimal interference on well-established surgical techniques makes this system a valuable adjunct in the neurosurgical treatment of intracranial disease.
Nucleus of the Tractus Solitarius Metastasis: Relationship to Respiratory Arrest?
Authors: Rhodes Roy H. , Wightman H. Robert 
Published: December 2014

Background:A 52-year-old woman with metastases in brain and bone had clinical and radiological response to therapy but died about 10 weeks after diagnosis. General autopsy failed to identify a primary neoplasm or an anatomic cause of death. Investigation of sudden respiratory cessation was a consideration when undertaking an anatomic study of the brain.Methods:Review of patient records and careful examination of the brain following autopsy were carried out.Results:The patient had terminal episodes of hypersomnia but episodes of sleep apnea were not observed. She received no respiratory support and no respiratory difficulties were recorded until she was pronounced dead at 7 a.m. Autopsy revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma in a pattern suggestive of a primary pulmonary neoplasm, including multiple cerebral metastases, although no significant pulmonary lesions of any type were found. A 0.2 cm metastatic adenocarcinoma was found in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS). No other tumor was present in the brain stem.Conclusion:Unilateral destruction of the NTS in the medulla would have severely disturbed the most critical point of convergence of autonomic and voluntary respiratory control and of cardiocirculatory reflexes in the central autonomic network. It is postulated that this caused respiratory arrest during a state transition from sleeping to waking. Few metastases to the medulla are reported, most are relatively large, and several have caused respiratory symptoms before death. The very small metastasis in our patient could be the direct anatomic cause of death, and as such it is an unusual complication of metastatic disease of which clinicians should be aware. It is speculated that dysfunction of direct NTS connections to the pons or of connections passing close to the metastatic deposit resulted in terminal hypersomnia.