bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary Adherence during Place-based Policing Evaluations
Authors: Sorg Evan T. , Wood Jennifer D. , Groff Elizabeth R. , Ratcliffe Jerry H. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: This note explores complications with standard methods to evaluate place-based policing interventions. It identifies and explains issues of boundary misspecification during evaluation as a result of boundary adjustment by police during an intervention. Method: Using geographic data gathered during post-experiment focus groups with officers involved in the Philadelphia Foot Patrol Experiment, we highlight the practice of boundary adjustment on the part of officers and we explain why such adjustments occurred. Results: Officers involved in the focus groups who identified the active boundaries of their hot spot assignments ( n = 124) all reported policing outside of their delineated beats. On average, their active beats were 0.13 square miles larger than the originally delineated treatment beats. Some active beats overlapped catchment and control locations. Conclusion: Boundary misspecification could cause researchers to (1) incorrectly label a direct benefit of receiving treatment as a diffusion of crime control benefits; (2) underestimate immediate spatial crime displacement; and (3) underestimate treatment effects. Future place-based experiments should take into account the various pressures on officers to adjust the boundaries of their assignments by incorporating measures that track boundary adherence over time (and reporting them) in order to optimize assessments of net effects, diffusion and displacement.
Diabetes to Go: Knowledge- and Competency-Based Hospital Survival Skills Diabetes Education Program Improves Postdischarge Medication Adherence
Authors: Magee Michelle F. , Khan Nawreen H. , Desale Sameer , Nassar Carine M. 
Published: February 2014

Purpose The primary purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of providing inpatient knowledge-based diabetes “survival skills” education. In addition, the preliminary impact of the survival skills education intervention on medication adherence and hospital plus emergency department admissions was assessed. Methods This study was a prospective nonrandomized pilot study conducted in an urban teaching hospital. In sum 125 adults consented—the majority of whom were African American women—with uncontrolled diabetes: blood glucose > 200 mg/dL or < 40 mg/dL upon admission to general medicine units. Mean admitting blood glucose was 283 ± 128 mg/dL. Evaluation measures were diabetes knowledge, medication adherence, and hospital admissions plus emergency department visits at and/or 3 months before baseline and at 2 weeks and 3 months postdischarge. Results There was improvement in diabetes knowledge and medication adherence, which was sustained to 3 months. A trend was observed toward reduction in emergency department and/or hospital admissions from 3 months preintervention to 3 months postdischarge for uncontrolled diabetes. Conclusions This knowledge-based program successfully provided survival skills education to hospital patients with uncontrolled diabetes and demonstrated preliminary evidence of a positive impact on medication adherence and a trend toward reduction in hospital and emergency department admissions.
Prophylaxis for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia after lung resection
Authors: Ito Hiroyuki , Nakayama Haruhiko , Yokose Tomoyuki , Yamada Kouzo 
Published: February 2014

Background and purpose Acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia is a life-threatening complication after lung cancer surgery. Dorsal subpleural fibrotic changes occupying 3 or more segments of both lower lobes on high-resolution computed tomography indicate a very high risk. We conducted a prospective phase II study to assess the efficacy of prophylactic treatment. Methods Patients with lung cancer underwent high-resolution computed tomography preoperatively to assess the risk of acute exacerbations of interstitial pneumonia. Before induction of general anesthesia, high-risk patients received 125 mg of methylprednisolone as an intravenous bolus and sivelestat sodium hydrate 300 mg ·day−1 as a continuous intravenous infusion. From January 2010 through August 2011, a total of 327 patients underwent surgery for lung cancer, and 31 (9.5%) were enrolled. Results There was no case of acute exacerbation. No adverse events were associated with prophylaxis. Usual interstitial pneumonia was confirmed histopathologically in 25 (80.6%) patients. Four (12.9%) patients had major complications. Usual interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed postoperatively in 4 (1.4%) of 327 patients who did not meet the inclusion criteria, and 1 of these patients died due to acute exacerbation of occult interstitial pneumonia. Conclusion Perioperative use of sivelestat sodium hydrate and low-dose methylprednisolone may be useful as prophylaxis for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia.
Planning high order trajectories with general initial and final conditions and asymmetric bounds
Authors: Ezair Ben , Tassa Tamir , Shiller Zvi 
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a trajectory planning algorithm for linear multi-axis systems. It generates smooth trajectories of any order subject to general initial and final conditions, and constant state and control constraints. The algorithm is recursive, as it constructs a high order trajectory using lower order trajectories. Multi-axis trajectories are computed by synchronizing independent single-axis trajectories to reach their respective targets at the same time. The algorithm’s efficiency and ability to handle general initial and final conditions make it suitable for reactive real-time applications. Its ability to generate high order trajectories makes it suitable for applications requiring high trajectory smoothness. The algorithm is demonstrated in several examples for single- and dual-axis trajectories of orders 2–6.
Bone Marrow Edema Lesions in the Professional Runner
Authors: Kornaat Peter R. , Van de Velde Samuel K. 
Published: February 2014

Background: The clinical significance of an incidental finding of bone marrow edema (BME) on MRI in professional runners is poorly understood. Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and clinical and radiological progression of BME lesions in professional runners who consider themselves to be asymptomatic. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Sixteen athletes (13 men and 3 women; mean age, 22.9 ± 2.7 years) were recruited from the Dutch National Committee middle-distance and long-distance running selection. All athletes had been injury free for the year before the study. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained before the start of the season and at the end of the season. Both pubic bones, hips, knees, and ankles were scanned in a single session. Preseason and postseason Lysholm scores were obtained. Results: Fourteen of the 16 athletes had BME lesions before the start of the season (45 BME lesions in total). Most BME lesions (69%; 31/45) were located in the ankle joint and foot. More than half of the lesions (58%; 26/45) fluctuated during the season, with new lesions occurring (20%; 9/45) and old lesions disappearing (22%; 10/45). The few clinical complaints that occurred throughout the season were not related to the presence of BME lesions. Conclusion: Almost all asymptomatic athletes showed BME lesions, with more than half of the lesions fluctuating during the season. These data suggest that the incidental finding of a BME lesion on MRI of professional runners should not immediately be related to clinical complaints or lead to an altered training program.
Use of the Word “Cure” in the Oncology Literature
Authors: Prasad Vinay 
Published: February 2014

Purpose: “Cure” is an important word in oncology but its use in the published literature has not been examined. I investigated all oncology articles using cure in the title field and published in 2012. The definition of cure was examined, specifically whether or not authors use the word to connote some surviving subset of patients who go on to experience outcomes similar to age-matched, normal controls—a definition favored by researchers and employed in survival function analyses. Methods: All articles published between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2012, with the word cure in the title field were retrieved from Thompson Reuters’ Web of Science. After exclusions, articles were read in full to examine what definitions of cure was used. Additionally, for each situation (type of cancer, stage/grade) where the word cure was used, a literature search was performed to ascertain whether there existed documented cases of cure. Results: Twenty-nine oncology articles used the word cure in their title in 2012. Nearly half, 14 (48%) of 29, used the term in situations (cancer type, stage/grade) currently considered incurable. Approximately one-third (34.5%) of the articles used the word consistent with the definition that, after a set period of time, some surviving subset of patients experience survival similar to normal controls. Conclusion: There is heterogeneity in the use of the word cure in the literature.
Feline Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bloom Carly Anne , Rand Jacquie 
Published: February 2014

Practical relevance: Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disorder in feline practice, affecting approximately 1 in 200 cats. The majority of diabetic cats have type 2 diabetes mellitus, which results from a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and a progressive reduction in insulin production. Clinical challenges: While usually easy to diagnose, management of diabetes mellitus presents a number of challenges for practitioners and clients alike. Practitioners must decide on diet, insulin type and dose, monitoring method and intensity, and concomitant therapy, which will vary based on individual patient and client needs, and geographic location. Practitioners may also encounter patients with diabetic ketoacidosis or other diabetic complications, and patients with multiple concurrent diseases. Clients may be challenged by the substantial time and financial commitment involved in owning a diabetic cat. Audience: Understanding the pathophysiology, optimal treatment protocols and current goals of diabetes management will benefit practitioners managing diabetic cats. This article reviews the most current management plans for feline diabetics. It places particular emphasis on best practice for achieving diabetic remission, which is an attainable goal in the majority of newly diagnosed diabetic cats. Evidence base: The information in this article is drawn from the recent human and veterinary literature, including prospective and retrospective studies. The body of prospective clinical data on the use of newer, long-acting insulins (glargine and especially detemir) in cats is limited, but growing.
Is repeat prostatic biopsy in active surveillance a justifiable increase in workload for a district general hospital?
Authors: Pai Aakash , Jones Adam 
Published: February 2014

Objectives: In February 2008 the National Institute for Clinical Excellence introduced guidelines for active surveillance of prostate cancer, with close monitoring including at least one set of repeat biopsies 12 months after diagnosis. We aim to establish the impact on workload caused by repeat biopsy rate in active surveillance and whether they impacted on management. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all transrectal (TRUS) ultrasound biopsies ( n=1105) in our institution from 2009 to 2010 to determine which were repeat biopsies for active surveillance ( n=107). We reviewed the histology and case notes of these active surveillance patients to determine whether there was histological progression and change of management. Results: Some 9.7% ( n=107) of TRUS biopsies were for active surveillance. Histological disease progression (Gleason score 6 to ≥7) was seen in 32% ( n=23) cases. One patient (1%) developed locally advanced prostate cancer on restaging and was started on hormone therapy; 35% patients ( n=25) were changed from active surveillance to radical treatment post repeat biopsy. Conclusions: Repeat prostatic biopsy in active surveillance, although a considerable workload, has a justifiable outcome on treatment. One patient, who initially had intermediate-risk prostate cancer (Gleason 7) and had been preferentially offered radical treatment, developed incurable disease.
Nitrogen dioxide and mortality: review and meta-analysis of long-term studies
Authors: Faustini Annunziata , Rapp Regula , Forastiere Francesco 
Published: February 2014

Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been linked to increased mortality in several epidemiological studies but the question remains of whether NO2is directly responsible for the health effects or is only an indicator of other pollutants, including particulate matter. The aim of the present review was to provide pooled estimates of the long-term effects of NO2on mortality, which are potentially useful for health impact assessment.We selected 23 papers, published from 2004 to 2013, evaluating the relationship between NO2and mortality, also including an assessment of the effect of particulate matter exposure. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out on 19 studies.The pooled effect on mortality was 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.06) with an increase of 10 μg·m−3in the annual NO2concentration and 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) for particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) (10 μg·m−3). The effect on cardiovascular mortality was 1.13 (95% CI 1.09–1.18) for NO2and 1.20 (95% CI 1.09–1.31) for PM2.5. The NO2effect on respiratory mortality was 1.03 (95% CI 1.02–1.03) and 1.05 (95% CI 1.01–1.09) for PM2.5. Four bipollutant analyses with particulate matter and NO2in the same models showed minimal changes in the effect estimates of NO2.There is evidence of a long-term effect of NO2on mortality as great as that of PM2.5. An independent effect of NO2emerged from multipollutant models.
Sleep apnoea is associated with major cardiac events in peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Utriainen Karri T. , Airaksinen Juhani K. , Polo Olli , Laitio Ruut , Pietilä Mikko J. , Scheinin Harry , Vahlberg Tero , Leino Kari A. , Kentala Erkki S. , Jalonen Jouko R. , Hakovirta Harri , Parkkola Riitta , Virtanen Sami , Laitio Timo T. 
Published: February 2014

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) represents severe atherosclerosis with a high mortality after vascular surgery. The role of OSA in the prognosis of these patients is not yet established.84 patients (aged 67±9 years) scheduled for sub-inguinal surgical revascularisation were enrolled for preoperative polysomnography. The threshold for significant OSA was an apnoea/hypopnoea index ≥20 events·h−1. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, angina pectoris requiring hospitalisation and stroke, were used as a combined end-point.During follow-up (median 52 months), 17 out of 39 patients with and six out of 45 patients without significant OSA suffered MACCE. In the multivariate Cox regression, the primary predictors of MACCE were significant OSA (hazard ratio (HR) 5.1 (95% CI 1.9–13.9); p=0.001) and pre-existing coronary artery disease (HR 4.4 (95% CI 1.8–10.6); p=0.001). Other significant predictors were a ≥4 year history of PAD (HR 3.8 (95% CI 1.3–11.5); p=0.02) and decreasing high-density lipoprotein/total cholesterol ratio (HR 0.95 per percentage (95% CI 0.90–1.00); p=0.048).OSA is associated with poor long-term outcome in patients with PAD following revascularisation. OSA might have an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of Penicillium chrysogenum KF-25
Authors: Peng Qin , Yuan Yihui , Gao Meiying , Chen Xupeng , Liu Biao , Liu Pengming , Wu Yan , Wu Dandan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background

Penicillium chrysogenum has been used in producing penicillin and derived β-lactam antibiotics for many years. Although the genome of the mutant strain P. chrysogenum Wisconsin 54-1255 has already been sequenced, the versatility and genetic diversity of this species still needs to be intensively studied. In this study, the genome of the wild-type P. chrysogenum strain KF-25, which has high activity against Ustilaginoidea virens, was sequenced and characterized.

Results
The genome of KF-25 was about 29.9 Mb in size and contained 9,804 putative open reading frames (orfs). Thirteen genes were predicted to encode two-component system proteins, of which six were putatively involved in osmolarity adaption. There were 33 putative secondary metabolism pathways and numerous genes that were essential in metabolite biosynthesis. Several P. chrysogenum virus untranslated region sequences were found in the KF-25 genome, suggesting that there might be a relationship between the virus and P. chrysogenum in evolution. Comparative genome analysis showed that the genomes of KF-25 and Wisconsin 54-1255 were highly similar, except that KF-25 was 2.3 Mb smaller. Three hundred and fifty-five KF-25 specific genes were found and the biological functions of the proteins encoded by these genes were mainly unknown (232, representing 65%), except for some orfs encoding proteins with predicted functions in transport, metabolism, and signal transduction. Numerous KF-25-specific genes were found to be associated with the pathogenicity and virulence of the strains, which were identical to those of wild-type P. chrysogenum NRRL 1951.

Conclusion
Genome sequencing and comparative analysis are helpful in further understanding the biology, evolution, and environment adaption of P. chrysogenum, and provide a new tool for identifying further functional metabolites.
Mode manipulation and near-THz absorptions in binary grating-graphene layer structures
Authors: Yuan Haiming , Yang Hanning , Liu Pengzi , Jiang Xiangqian , Sun Xiudong 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The excitation and absorption properties of grating coupled graphene surface plasmons were studied. It was found that whether a mode can be excited is mainly determined by the frequency of incident light and the duty ratio of gratings. In the structure consisting graphene bilayer, a blueshift of the excitation frequency existed when the distance between neighbor graphene layer were decreased gradually. In graphene-grating multilayer structures, a strong absorption (approximately 90% at maximum) was found in near-THz range.
Lignin distribution in waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst degraded by erosion bacteria
Authors: Pedersen Nanna Bjerregaard , Schmitt Uwe , Koch Gerald , Felby Claus , Thygesen Lisbeth Garbrecht 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The lignin distribution in poles of waterlogged archaeological Picea abies (L.) Karst, which was decayed by erosion bacteria (EB) under anoxic conditions for approximately 400 years, was topochemically identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution UV-microspectrophotometry (UMSP). Lignin rich cell wall compartments such as cell corner (CC), compound middle lamella (CML), torus, initial pit border and mild compression wood (CW) appeared morphologically well preserved together with S1 and S3 layers and epithelial and ray parenchyma cells. Residual material (RM) from degraded S2 showed a varied lignin distribution as evidenced by the different local UV-absorbance intensities. However, evaluation of UV-absorbance line spectra of RM revealed no change in conjugation of the aromatic ring system. Presence of RM with both very low and very high lignin absorbances showed evidence for disassembly of lignin during degradation combined with aggregation of lignin fragments and physical movement of these fractions. In contrast to TEM analysis, locally decreasing lignin content was found by UMSP in CML regions.
A Recent Development in Creep-Fatigue Testing
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Valliappa , Holdsworth Stuart , Saxena Ashok 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Procedures for the assessment of components subject to cyclic loading at high temperatures require material property input data that characterize the creep-fatigue deformation response and resistance to cracking. For many years, there was no testing standard or code of practice to ensure that such information was generated in a uniform way. This was mainly because the creep-fatigue test data requirements for organizations in various industrial sectors appeared to be so different that the need for standardization was questioned. In the mid-2000s, it was recognized that even though it would make no sense to be prescriptive about such details as cycle shape, there were many aspects of creep-fatigue testing for which guidance would be beneficial to ensure acceptable uniformity in deformation and endurance data generation. In response to this realization, the state of the art relating to creep-fatigue interaction was extensively reviewed by an international group of specialists, and the generated knowledge base was used to underpin a new ASTM testing standard, ASTM E2714-09. The gathered knowledge is reviewed. There is a requirement for all ASTM standards to include a precision and bias statement, and an international interlaboratory creep-fatigue test comparison activity was facilitated to form the basis of this section of ASTM E2714-09. An integral part of the guidance given in the new standard is the recommendation for post-test metallurgical inspection and the way in which this information can be used to give added value to creep-fatigue crack initiation endurance results. The evidence gathered from this study is also examined.
Insight into Insulin Secretion from Transcriptome and Genetic Analysis of Insulin-Producing Cells of Drosophila
Authors: Cao Jian , Ni Julie , Ma Wenxiu , Shiu Vanessa , Milla Luis A , Park Sangbin , Spletter Maria L , Tang Sheng , Zhang Jun , Wei Xing , Kim Seung K , Scott Matthew P 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in the Drosophila brain produce and release insulin-like peptides (ILPs) to the hemolymph. ILPs are crucial for growth and regulation of metabolic activity in flies, functions analogous to those of mammalian insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs). To identify components functioning in IPCs to control ILP production, we employed genomic and candidate gene approaches. We used laser microdissection and messenger RNA sequencing to characterize the transcriptome of larval IPCs. IPCs highly express many genes homologous to genes active in insulin-producing β-cells of the mammalian pancreas. The genes in common encode ILPs and proteins that control insulin metabolism, storage, secretion, β-cell proliferation, and some not previously linked to insulin production or β-cell function. Among these novelties is unc-104, a kinesin 3 family gene, which is more highly expressed in IPCs compared to most other neurons. Knockdown of unc-104 in IPCs impaired ILP secretion and reduced peripheral insulin signaling. Unc-104 appears to transport ILPs along axons. As a complementary approach, we tested dominant-negative Rab genes to find Rab proteins required in IPCs for ILP production or secretion. Rab1 was identified as crucial for ILP trafficking in IPCs. Inhibition of Rab1 in IPCs increased circulating sugar levels, delayed development, and lowered weight and body size. Immunofluorescence labeling of Rab1 showed its tight association with ILP2 in the Golgi of IPCs. Unc-104 and Rab1 join other proteins required for ILP transport in IPCs.