bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypyrrole in water borne epoxy coating
Authors: Mahanwar Prakash , Sathyanarayana Abhijit , Bambole Vaishali , Sabharwal Sunil 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The paper aims to discuss the evaluation of anti-corrosive efficiency of conducting polymer, polypyrrole in water borne epoxy-polyamine coatings.

Design/methodology/approach
– Polypyrrole (PPy) is synthesised by chemical oxidative polymerisation. The synthesised PPy is characterised by employing FT-IR, XRD, SEM and EDX analysis. The coatings are formulated using water borne epoxy cross-linked with aliphatic polyamine adduct and the effect of PPy on corrosion prevention is studied. PPy was used as anti-corrosive pigment in concentration varying from 1 to 5 wt.%. In addition to anti-corrosive property; mechanical properties, chemical resistance and weathering properties of the coatings containing PPy are studied, thereby obtaining a wholesome data about the quality and performance of these coatings.

Findings
– The result obtained through various tests showed that the coating with 1 and 2% PPy exhibited excellent weathering resistance, mechanical properties and improved chemical resistance. Higher percentage loading of PPy (beyond 3 per cent) proves to be disastrous, as extended percolation networks are formed which results in rapid intense corrosion leading to fast coating breakdown.

Research limitations/implications
– The anti-corrosion property of the coating can be tested by means of atmospheric exposure such as Florida test which produces a real time evaluation of the anti-corrosive nature of the coating at natural condition rather than accelerated weathering, thereby providing more reliable performance data for intended application purpose.

Practical implications
– The results find application in anti-corrosive/performance paints for industrial application.

Originality/value
– This research paper presents the results of anti-corrosion behaviour of PPy in water borne epoxy-polyamide coating. Based on this result, a highly effective anti-corrosive coating can be formulated by the addition of small percentage of PPy in combination with other conventional pigments, thereby enhancing corrosion protection. But care must be taken so as to avoid formation of extended percolation network of PPy which leads to rapid coating breakdown.
The optimal and decreasing growth rate of the Islamic banking industry
Authors: Ismal Rifki , Haryati Rice 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The Indonesian Islamic banking industry is very promising, but there has been no analysis of the optimal and decreasing growth rate of the industry. Information regarding these is essential for policy makers, Islamic bankers and all related parties to guide the future development of the industry and sets up proper plans and strategies. The paper aims to explore the optimal and decreasing growth rates of the industry and in so doing contribute to the current literature on the Indonesian Islamic banking industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper first reports on the performance of the Indonesian Islamic banking industry, before explaining conditions where the Islamic banking industry is believed to be still immature. Third, in order to identify the optimal and decreasing growth rates, the paper estimates the future performance of the industry by using ARIMA models to identify periods where the growth rate is at optimal and decreasing points. Then, on the basis of a number of assumptions and statistical simulations, the analysis broadens to become qualitative in nature by determining the optimal numbers of Islamic banks to be established in the future.

Findings
– The paper generates some important findings. First, the optimum growth rate of the market share (0.12 percent) is predicted to occur in December 2012; the market share in that month is estimated to be 5.75 percent. Second, although the market share keeps growing, the paper finds the rate of increase to be slow, and in October 2018, it becomes negative, at 0.004 percent. The estimated market share in that time is 11.63 percent. Finally, the optimal number of Islamic banks in December 2012 is shown to be 23 and in October 2018, 24.

Research limitations/implications
– Qualitative information on the months of the optimal and decreasing growth rates and quantitative information on the optimal number of Islamic banks to be established are significant information for policy makers, Islamic bankers and other related parties. The information is likely to be important in relation to their efforts to develop the Islamic banking industry, to anticipate decreasing growth in the industry and to establish new Islamic banks. More generally, the paper helps the related parties to direct and guide the future development of the industry.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that attempts to establish optimal and decreasing growth rates in the Indonesian Islamic banking industry, or the optimal numbers of Islamic banks to be established in the future.
Does employment influence the success of ethics training?
Authors: Gillespie Finney Treena , Zachary Finney R. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The study aims to understand how university students' work experiences influence their perceptions of university ethics training. In the past, researchers have focused on the content of university ethics programs, but have ignored the influence of students' employment.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors surveyed 953 students at a medium-sized university in the Southeastern USA.

Findings
– Students' views of work and experiences on the job predicted both their views of college ethics training and their ability to identify ethical issues from a set of scenarios. Students' perceptions of their degrees as valuable credentials and their feelings that ethical behavior is the “norm” in business were the strongest predictors in both instances.

Research limitations/implications
– While the regression analyses were significant, they explained relatively little of the variance.

Practical implications
– In designing programs to promote ethical behaviors among future managers, university personnel should bear in mind that students' experiences on the job help to determine the manner in which they view university ethics training.

Originality/value
– To date, most researchers have not considered that the response to university ethics training is influenced – in part – by the fact that students are often employed.
Female body condition affects foetal growth in a capital breeding mysticete
Authors: Christiansen Fredrik , Víkingsson Gísli A. , Rasmussen Marianne H. , Lusseau David 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Understanding how female body condition (FBC) influences foetal development, and hence offspring production, is fundamental for our understanding of species reproductive physiology and life history.

We investigated the effects of FBC on foetus growth in common minke whales. Pregnant minke whales were sampled around Iceland during the summer feeding seasons between 2003 and 2007 and the length and weight of their foetuses were measured. FBC was modelled as the relative difference between measured blubber volume and the average expected blubber volume of individual whales. Generalized linear models were used to test the effect of FBC on foetus length, while accounting for the daily growth in foetus size through gestation, as well as other covariates.

Foetus length increased curvilinearly through the study period at an average rate of 0·964 cm day−1 (SE = 0·138). The effect of FBC on foetal length was nonlinear, showing an almost linear positive relationship for females in poorer body condition (FBC < 0), which levelled off at better body conditions (FBC > 0).

The curvilinear relationship between FBC and foetus growth was confirmed by fitting a generalized additive model and by running separate analyses on two subsets of data separating females in poorer and better condition.

Our findings suggest that females that are in poorer body condition reduce their energetic investment in their foetus proportionately to their condition, most likely to help maintain a high survival probability. That foetus length did not increase for females in better body condition suggests that females have an upper limit on the amount of energy they will or can invest in their foetus. Reducing the size at birth by reducing the gestation period is also unlikely, because the reproductive cycle of balaenopterids is strongly linked to their seasonal migration between feeding grounds and breeding grounds. This study is the first to demonstrate that FBC can affect foetus growth in a capital breeding mysticete.
Impact of plant invasions on local arthropod communities: a meta‐analysis
Authors: van Hengstum Thomas , Hooftman Danny A. P. , Oostermeijer J. Gerard B. , van Tienderen Peter H. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryInvasive plants can have a major impact on local plant and animal communities. However, effects of plant invasions on arthropod communities and the potential drivers have rarely been studied.We present a meta‐analysis of 56 studies on the impact of plant invasions on abundance and richness of local arthropod communities. Moreover, we study the role of five invader and habitat attributes to assess their influence on the direction and magnitude of effect on arthropod communities: the time since introduction; woody vs. herbaceous invaders; presence of native congeners; canopy cover of the invader; and single vs. multiple invaders.We found that overall invaded habitats had a 29% lower arthropod abundance and a 17% lower taxonomic richness compared with non‐invaded habitats. Woody invaders had a stronger negative impact on arthropod communities than herbaceous invaders, reducing abundance and richness by as much as 55% and 21%, respectively.Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that arthropod communities are negatively affected by plant invasions, which may have substantial effects on other ecosystem features, such as pollination, food web dynamics, decomposition as well as habitat heterogeneity. Loss of arthropod diversity is generally directly associated with loss of plant species richness. Therefore, the reduction we see could be causally connected to the effect of the invader on the habitat. The physical dominance of woody invaders compared with herbaceous invaders could be a main driver for this effect.
Tax Auditing as a Public Good Game: An Experimental Study on Punishment and Compliance
Authors: Hsu Li‐Chen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrior experimental studies on tax evasion generally assume that the budget and the probability of audit are exogenously given, and ignore taxpayers' incentives to detect evasion and their compliance behaviour under such incentives. The experimental evidence of the present paper shows that, on average, subjects are willing to spend 20 to 30% of their tax revenue on auditing. Compliance is also greatly improved if subjects can determine the budget and, hence, the probability of audit. These findings suggest that taking taxpayers' incentives to detect evasion into consideration is important for the design of compliance‐improvement audit schemes.
The Behaviour of Real Exchange Rates: The Case of Japan
Authors: Chang Ming‐Jen , Lin Chang‐Ching , Yin Shou‐Yung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examines the convergence rate of mean reversion by estimating the half‐lives of sectoral real exchange rates using an extensive product price panel for Japan (with the USA as the numéraire). We find that the half‐lives of sectoral real exchange rates are remarkably distorted when the grouped half‐life is measured inappropriately and the cross‐sectional dependence and potential trend breaks are ignored. After taking account of these problems, the bias‐corrected half‐life for all goods is as low as 3.00 years, close to the bottom of the consensus view of 3 to 5 years. Moreover, the bias‐corrected half‐life of mean reversion is 2.40 years for traded goods, and only approximately half that for non‐traded goods. Finally, our findings also support the view that small‐sample bias correction is critical for half‐life estimations.
Investigating Preferences for the Local Delivery of Agri‐environment Benefits
Authors: Garrod Guy , Ruto Eric , Willis Ken , Powe Neil 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSince 2005, Environmental Stewardship (ES) has been the principal agri‐environment scheme for England and is the key instrument for the delivery of increased environmental benefits from agricultural landscapes. The main objective of this study is to investigate the hypothesis that individuals have greater relative preferences for the environmental benefits associated with agri‐environment schemes when they are delivered within those landscapes closest to where they live. A choice experiment approach based on a national survey provides the data and a mixed logit approach is used to model relative preferences for the environmental benefits of ES across five generic landscape types. Results show that most respondents have a preference for benefits delivered in those areas closest and most accessible to where they live.
Towards a comprehensive developmental model of cannabis use disorders
Authors: Blanco Carlos , Rafful Claudia , Wall Melanie M. , Ridenour Ty A. , Wang Shuai , Kendler Kenneth S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo develop a comprehensive risk‐factor model of cannabis use disorders (CUD) based on Kendler's development model for major depression.DesignRisk factors were divided into five developmental tiers based on Kendler's model of depression (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood, past year). Hierarchical logistic regression models were used to examine the independent contribution of each risk factor. Separate models were built to predict the lifetime risk of cannabis use and the risk of CUD among those with a history of lifetime risk of cannabis use.SettingData were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) in the United States.ParticipantsParticipants consisted of wave 2 of the NESARC (n = 34 653).MeasurementsOdds ratios (OR), Adjusted OR (AOR) and confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to determine the risk factors in each tier and with multiple models.FindingsAfter mutually adjusting for the effect of other risk factors, lifetime history of drug use disorder (AOR = 4.78, 95% CI = 1.53–14.91), past year alcohol use disorders (AOR = 6.55, 95% CI = 2.54–16.89) and independent (AOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.15–2.14) and dependent (AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.01–1.55) stressful life events predicted lifetime cannabis use. Impulsivity (AOR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.34–3.53), past year alcohol use disorders (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI = 2.29–7.31), greater number of Axis I disorders (AOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01–2.40) and social deviance (AOR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.08–1.32) independently increased the risk of the development of CUD, whereas religious service attendance (AOR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.30–0.85) decreased this risk. In both models, the effect of earlier development tiers was mediated by more proximal ones. There were few gender differences in both models.ConclusionsA modification of Kendler's risk factor model for major depression which stratifies risk factors into five groups (childhood, early adolescence, late adolescence, adulthood, past year) provides a useful foundation for a comprehensive developmental model of cannabis use and cannabis use disorders.
The Making of the Institutional Theory of Social Costs: Discovering the K. W. Kapp and J. M. Clark Correspondence
Authors: Berger Sebastian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article reconstructs the making of the often “overlooked” institutional theory of social costs based on the unexploited correspondence between John Maurice Clark and Karl William Kapp. The reconstruction demonstrates that the institutional argument on social costs was developed as a critique of neoclassical economics and of post‐WWII neoliberalism.
Does lamellar surgery for keratoconus experience the popularity it deserves?
Authors: Wisse Robert P. L. , van den Hoven Célinde M. L. , Van der Lelij Allegonda 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPurposeTo analyse developments in surgical treatment for keratoconus (KC) by assessing rates and types of corneal surgery from 2005 to 2010.MethodsThe Dutch Transplantation Foundation supplied data on all keratoplasty procedures for KC performed from 2005 to 2010 in the Netherlands. Registration was carried out by the eyebank at allocation and by the surgeon at the time of surgery. The type of surgery was categorized as either a penetrating or a lamellar procedure.ResultsFive hundred and seventy‐five anonymized records were received, with excellent data completion (99%). Patients undergoing penetrating surgery had on average a lower visual acuity, higher k‐readings and were slightly older compared with the lamellar group. A previous corneal hydrops was recorded for 19.1% of patients. Regular penetrating keratoplasty decreased in popularity from 79.7% in 2005 to 43.7% in 2010, due to the increased rate of lamellar surgery (42.5% in 2010) and ‘mushroom’ penetrating keratoplasty (13.8% in 2010). When hydrops cases were excluded, popularity became equal (47.6% penetrating versus 52.4% lamellar surgery, in 2010).ConclusionLamellar surgery is gaining in popularity, although regular penetrating keratoplasty is still the more commonly performed procedure. Only when hydrops cases are excluded do transplant rates become comparable.
Evolution of the Thompson score during the first 6 h in infants with perinatal asphyxia
Authors: Biselele Thérèse , Naulaers Gunnar , Tady Bruno 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThis study aimed to determine the evolution of the Thompson score, which provides composite grading of encephalopathy signs, during the first 6 h of birth in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.MethodsTwenty term infants with perinatal asphyxia were prospectively studied from the University Hospital of Kinshasa during a 12‐month period. The Thompson score was performed after 1 h, then hourly until 6 h of birth.ResultsFourteen infants had a Thompson score ≥7 and six had a score <7 after 1 h of birth. The Thompson score remained higher than 7 after 3 h in nine infants (64.3%) and in four infants (25.6%) after 6 h. After 3 h of birth, four infants moved from a score ≥7 to a score below 7. After 6 h, five infants had a score below 7. Seventy per cent of patients had a Thompson score higher than 7 after 1 h, 45% after 3 h and 20% after 6 h.ConclusionThe Thompson score changes over the time during the first 6 h of birth, and this should be taken into account when it is being used as an entry criterion for cooling.
Poor school performance is associated with a larger gain in body mass index during puberty
Authors: Kark M , Hjern A , Rasmussen F 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimSocial inequalities in type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease may be established in formative school years. We investigated whether school performance is associated with adiposity and increase in body mass index (BMI) between 10 and 15 years of age.MethodsA community sample of 2633 school children had height and weight measured in school at the ages of 10 and 15. Percentages of body fat and waist circumference were measured at the age of 15. Mean grades in several school subjects at the age of 15 (ninth school year) were divided into quartiles. A linear regression analysis with BMI as the main outcome took into account parental education and ethnicity, obtained from registers, and children's living habits, collected by questionnaires.ResultsIn adjusted models, longitudinal changes in BMI between the ages of 10 and 15 were larger in the lowest quartiles of school grades compared with the highest: for girls, they were β = 0.45 (p = 0.007) and for boys they were β = 0.45 (p = 0.016). Cross‐sectional regression analyses, with percentage of body fat and waist circumference as outcomes, showed similar results.ConclusionOur results suggest that school performance is one pathway to social inequalities in obesity in school children.
Understanding heterogeneity in social anxiety disorder: Dependency and self‐criticism moderate fear responses to interpersonal cues
Authors: Kopala‐Sibley Daniel C. , Zuroff David C. , Russell Jennifer J. , Moskowitz D. S. 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveThis study examined how the personality traits of self‐criticism and dependency moderated the effects of situational interpersonal cues on fear during interpersonal interactions among individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD). We hypothesized that self‐criticism would moderate the fear‐inducing effects of situational self‐consciousness and that dependency would moderate the fear‐inducing effects of situational emotional insecurity.MethodsFortySADpatients (Mage = 29.23) and matched community controls (Mage = 28.93) completed event‐contingent record forms after each significant social interaction of over 5 min for a 20‐day period. There were 20 female patients and 20 male patients in each group.ResultsEvent‐level self‐consciousness was more strongly associated with elevations in fear among socially anxious patients who reported higher levels of self‐criticism, while event‐level emotional security was more strongly associated with decreases in fear amongSADpatients who reported higher levels of dependency. These interactions were not found in the community sample.ConclusionsFindings support the application of personality‐vulnerability models to understanding fear during social interactions in patients withSAD. Results also have implications for psychotherapeutic treatments ofSAD.Practitioner pointsAlthough social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients are on average more self‐critical and dependent than community participants, some SAD patients are particularly self‐critical, while others are particularly dependent.Highly self‐critical SAD patients are more likely to feel fear during interpersonal situations when they feel self‐conscious.Highly dependent SAD patients are more likely to feel fear during interpersonal interactions when they feel less emotionally secure.SAD patients were compared to a community sample, so we do not know if group differences are due to the presence of SAD or psychopathology in general.
Effects of transformational and transactional leadership on cognitive effort and outcomes during collaborative learning within a virtual world
Authors: Kahai Surinder , Jestire Rebecca , Huang Rui 
Published: October 2013

AbstractComputer‐supported collaborative learning is a common e‐learning activity. Instructors have to create appropriate social and instructional interventions in order to promote effective learning. We performed a study that examined the effects of two popular leadership interventions, transformational and transactional, on cognitive effort and outcomes during collaborative learning within a virtual world. Our results indicate that while transformational leadership increases cognitive effort, transactional leadership reduces it. Cognitive effort, in turn, improves decision quality but it also lengthens the discussion and reduces discussion satisfaction. Transformational and transactional leadership also affect discussion satisfaction directly and positively.
Harrell, Lisa (2013) A learner centered approach to online educationIAP (Charlotte, NC & Eurospan, London) isbn 978‐1‐62396‐292‐0 138 pp $85.99 boards (paper $39.09) http://www.infoagepub.com/products/A‐Learner‐Centered‐Approach‐To‐Online‐Education
Authors: Cowan John 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe writer sets out to provide a valuable resource for readers interested in teaching online, and for those already doing so. Her book features copious and current sources drawn from US writers and practice, much equally relevant to face‐to‐face situations. Its style ranges from comprehensive scholarly overviewing to basic instruction featuring writer‐directed activities. If the content of this book is likely to interest you, I recommend you arrange to borrow a copy.John Cowan