bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational Arrangement of Environmental Protection in the City of Prague
Authors: Lípa J. , Hájek M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The current form of the environmental protection organizational arrangement in the City of Prague at the level of municipalities and administrative wards is analyzed. Effectiveness of the organizational arrangement is assessed and disunity of the organizational structure stated. The study revealed an unsatisfactory state, which, however, no one has addressed so far. Possible solutions are discussed, and optimizing approach consisting in the reduction of municipalities themselves within the reform of public administration, or in a transfer of public administration execution to a higher level - i.e. the administrative ward, is proposed. Other related issues such as administrative workload of staff members are dealth with proposing, among other, to desist from unnecessary activities. Actual work effectiveness was not assessed because of limited data available. The paper presents the line of research into this problem conducted at the Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences of the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague.
Production of Benzoic Acid in Fermented Goat's and Sheep's Milk
Authors: Horníčková Š. , Dragounová H. , Hejtmánková K. , Michlová T. , Hejtmánková A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The content of hippuric acid in raw goat's and sheep's milk and the content of benzoic acid in model fermented milk drinks prepared using different cultures of bacteria of milk fermentation were determined. All fermented milk drinks contained benzoic acid in the range 5.0-78 mg kg-1. Higher quantity of benzoic acid in fermented sheep's milk drinks corresponded also to significantly higher quantity of hippuric acid in raw sheep's milk. No significant differences among used cultures of bacteria of dairy fermentation and the quantity of benzoic acid in fermented milk drinks were recorded. In addition, the quantity of benzoic acid in various commercial goat's and sheep's cheeses produced directly in farms was analyzed. The contents of benzoic acid in cheeses ranged from 5.1 to 90 mg kg-1. No significant difference in the quantity of benzoic acid from goat's and sheep's cheeses was found, whereas significant differences were registered in the quantity of benzoic acid in cheeses produced in individual farms.
Effect Of Hydrolyzed Milk On The Adhesion Of Lactobacilli To Intestinal Cells*
Authors: Volštátová T. , Havlík J. , Doskočil I. , Geigerová M. , Rada V. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Milk is an essential part of the human diet and is undoubtedly a major calcium source in human nutrition, accepted well by most individuals. Knowledge on how the components from dairy products support or reduce the adherence of probiotics to the intestinal epithelium is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acid-hydrolyzed milk on the adhesion ability of two potentially probiotic strains (Lactobacillus plantarum S2, Lactobacillus gasseri R) to in vitro human intestinal epithelial model consisting of Caco-2 and mucus-secreting HT29-MTX co-culture. The adhesion of our tested strains L. gasseri and L. plantarum was 4.74 and 7.16%, respectively, when using inoculum of 2 × 108 CFU ml–1. Addition of acid-hydrolyzed milk to co-culture decreased the adherence by 53.7% for L. gasseri R and by 62.2% for L. plantarum S2. The results of this study evidently indicate the potential importance of the food matrix as a factor influencing probiotic colonization of the gut.
An experimental study on the effect of length and orientation of embedded FBG sensors on the signal properties under fatigue loading
Authors: Kocaman Esat S. , Keulen Casey J. , Akay Erdem , Yildiz Mehmet , Turkmen Halit S. , Suleman Afzal 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors provide excellent capability for the structural health monitoring (SHM) of load-bearing structures by allowing for local internal strain measurements within structures. However, the integration of these sensors to composite materials is associated with several challenges that have to be addressed to have the correct strain measurement and in turn to perform reliable SHM. One of the most important issues is the presence of uneven strain fields around FBGs, which significantly affect the response of the sensors and hence the reliability of the acquired data. The uniformity of the strain fields around sensors is important for dependable data acquisition; however, to generate such a condition, tow width-to-FBG length relationship, optical fiber configuration with respect to reinforcement fiber orientation, and crack density resulting from fatigue loading are very important factors that have to be considered. In this paper, these issues are addressed by investigating the signal properties of FBG sensors with 1 and 10 mm lengths embedded within the composite specimens during the manufacturing process. After fatigue testing of the specimens, it is shown that 1-mm-long FBGs embedded in-line with adjacent reinforcement fibers with tow widths of ∼2 mm provide much more reliable signals than 10-mm-long FBGs embedded perpendicular to adjacent tows.
Hydrothermal syntheses and characterization of uranyl tungstates with electro-neutral structural units
Authors: Balboni Enrica , Burns Peter C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo uranyl tungstates, (UO2)(W2O7)(H2O)3(1) and (UO2)3(W2O8)F2(H2O)3(2), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 220°C and were structurally, chemically, and spectroscopically characterized.1Crystallizes in space groupPbcm,a= 6.673(5) Å,b= 12.601(11) Å,c= 11.552 Å;2is inC2/m,a= 13.648(1) Å,b= 16.852(1) Å,c= 9.832(1) Å,β= 125.980(1)°. In1the U(VI) cations are present as (UO2)2+uranyl ions that are coordinated by five oxygen atoms to give pentagonal bipyramids. These share two edges with two tungstate octahedra and single vertices with four additional octahedra, resulting in a sheet with the iriginite-type anion topology. Only water molecules are located in the interlayer. The structural units of2consist of (UO2)2+uranyl oxy-fluoride pentagonal bipyramids present as either [UO2F2O3]–6or [UO2FO4]–5, and strongly distorted tungstate octahedra. The linkage of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids and tungstate octahedra gives a unique sheet anion topology consisting of pentagons, squares and triangles. In2, the uranyl tungstates sheets are connected into a novel electro-neutral three-dimensional framework through dimers of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids. These dimers connecting the sheets share an edge defined by F anions.2is the first example of a uranyl tungstate oxy-fluoride, and1and2are rare examples of uranyl compounds containing electro-neutral structural units.
Structures of three methoxy-substituted benzaldehyde 7-chloro-1-methyl-4H-quinolinyl-4-ylidene-hydrazones: variations in π···π interactions
Authors: de Bispo Marcelle L.F. , de Alcantara Camila C. , Wardell Solange M.S.V. , de Souza Marcus V.N. , Wardell James L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Three crystal structures are reported here: (E,E)-arenecarbaldehyde 7-chloro-1-methyl-4H-quinolinyl-4-ylidene-hydrazones, 3, [arenecarbaldehyde = 3-MeOC6H4CHO (3a), 3,4-(MeO)2C6H3CHO (3b) and 2,3-(MeO)2C6H3CHO (3c)]. While in each compound π···π stacking and other intermolecular interactions make contributions to the overall supramolecular arrangements, very different arrangements result for the relatively flat molecules of 3a and 3b and the non-planar molecules of 3c. In 3a, all possible π···π interactions [π(quin)···π(quin), π(quin)···π(phen) and π(phen)···π(phen)] are present and together generate a sheet of molecules, one molecule thick) [quin = quinolinyl; phen = methoxyphenyl]. In 3b, π(phen)···π(phen)] interactions are absent: however, π(quin)···π(quin) and π(quin)···π(phen) interactions are both involved in producing a column of molecules, two molecules wide. In 3c, two distinct dimeric π···π stacked structural subsets are formed: (i) one dimer is composed of the two independent molecules, A and B, and generated from π(quin)···π(quin) interactions and (ii) the other AB dimeric unit is formed from π(phen)···π(phen) interactions. The differences in the π···π intermolecular interactions found in 3a, 3b and 3c are consequences of the steric effects presented by the methoxy substituents in the phenyl ring.
Application of Rabinowitsch Fluid Model for the Mathematical Analysis of Peristaltic Flow in a Curved Channel
Authors: Maraj Ehnber Naheed , Nadeem Sohail 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The present work is the mathematical investigation of peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch fluid in a curved channel. The current problem is modeled and solutions for non-dimensional differential equation are obtained under low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximation. The effects of long lasting non-dimensional parameters on exact solution for velocity profile, pressure rise and shear stresses are studied graphically in the last section. Tables are also incorporated for shear stresses at the walls of the curved channel.
RAD-QTL Mapping Reveals Both Genome-Level Parallelism and Different Genetic Architecture Underlying the Evolution of Body Shape in Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Species Pairs
Authors: Laporte Martin , Rogers Sean M , Dion-Côté Anne-Marie , Normandeau Eric , Gagnaire Pierre-Alexandre , Dalziel Anne C , Chebib Jobran , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: May 2015

AbstractParallel changes in body shape may evolve in response to similar environmental conditions, but whether such parallel phenotypic changes share a common genetic basis is still debated. The goal of this study was to assess whether parallel phenotypic changes could be explained by genetic parallelism, multiple genetic routes, or both. We first provide evidence for parallelism in fish shape by using geometric morphometrics among 300 fish representing five species pairs of Lake Whitefish. Using a genetic map comprising 3438 restriction site−associated DNA sequencing single-nucleotide polymorphisms, we then identified quantitative trait loci underlying body shape traits in a backcross family reared in the laboratory. A total of 138 body shape quantitative trait loci were identified in this cross, thus revealing a highly polygenic architecture of body shape in Lake Whitefish. Third, we tested for evidence of genetic parallelism among independent wild populations using both a single-locus method (outlier analysis) and a polygenic approach (analysis of covariation among markers). The single-locus approach provided limited evidence for genetic parallelism. However, the polygenic analysis revealed genetic parallelism for three of the five lakes, which differed from the two other lakes. These results provide evidence for both genetic parallelism and multiple genetic routes underlying parallel phenotypic evolution in fish shape among populations occupying similar ecological niches.
Effect of dynamic crosslinking on phase morphology and mechanical properties of polyamide 6,12/ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer blends
Authors: Bondan Fabrício , Bianchi Otávio 
Published: May 2015

The dynamic crosslinking of polyamide 6,12 and ethylene vinyl acetate (PA6,12/EVA) blends in the mixing chamber of a torque rheometer was investigated. EVA was selectively crosslinked within the PA6,12 phase through free radical reactions using dycumil peroxide. The degree of EVA crosslinking in the PA12,6/EVA materials was estimated based on the gel content (insoluble EVA fraction). The PA6,12/EVA phase morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were investigated by determining the tensile strength and hardness. The half-life time (t1/2) for homolytic scission of the dcumil peroxide (DCP) was ~6s, and this time is longer than the dispersion time of the DCP in the blends. The addition of DCP resulted in increased torque values due to specific crosslinking in the EVA phase. For the pure EVA and its blends with PA6,12 the stabilized torque values increased proportionally with the amount of DCP in the system, due to a higher degree of crosslinking of the elastomeric phase. The gel content of the dynamically crosslinked blends increased with the amount of DCP incorporated until 4 phr. At 1 phr the gel content value was 2.6wt.%, while at 4 phr it was 17wt.%. For the polymer blend with 8 phr of DCP a lubricating effect contributed to reducing the gel content. The dynamically crosslinked blends, regardless of the amount of DCP added, showed a reduction in the mechanical properties, which is related to the morphological features of the system due to the low mechanical fragmentation during melt processing. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss1p23
Semiotic evaluation of Lithuania military air navigation charts
Authors: Ovodas Donatas , Česnulevičius Algimantas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Research of semiotic aspects Lithuanian military air navigation charts was based on the semantic, graphic and information load analysis. The aim of semantic analysis was to determine how the conventional cartographical symbols, used in air navigation charts, correspond with carto-linguistic and carto-semiotic requirements. The analysis of all the markings was performed complex and collected by questionnaire were interviewed various respondents: pilots, cartographers and other chart users.
The researches seek two aims: evaluate information and graphical load of military air navigation charts. Information load evaluated to calculate all objects and phenomenon, which was in 25 cm² of map. Charts analysis showed that in low flight charts (LFC) average information load are 4 - 5 times richer than in the operational maps. Map signs optimization on LFC has to be managed very carefully, choosing signs that can reduce the load of information and helps for the information transfer process. Graphical load of maps evaluated of aeronautical maps is not great (5 - 12%) and does not require reduction the information load and generalization of charts. Air navigation charts analysis pointed that not all air navigation sings correspond carto-semiotic requirements and must be improved. The authors suggested some new sings for military air navigation chart, which are simpler, equivalent to human psychophysical perception criteria, creates faster communication and less load on the chart.
Planes coordinates transformation between PSAD56 to SIRGAS using a Multilayer Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Tierra Alfonso , Romero Ricardo 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Prior any satellite technology developments, the geodetic networks of a country were realized from a topocentric datum, and hence the respective cartography was performed. With availability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems-GNSS, cartography needs to be updated and referenced to a geocentric datum to be compatible with this technology. Cartography in Ecuador has been performed using the PSAD56 (Provisional South American Datum 1956) systems, nevertheless it’s necessary to have inside the system SIRGAS (SIstema de Referencia Geocéntrico para las AmericaS). This transformation between PSAD56 to SIRGAS use seven transformation parameters calculated with the method Helmert. These parameters, in case of Ecuador are compatible for scales of 1:25 000 or less, that does not satisfy the requirements on applications for major scales. In this study, the technique of neural networks is demonstrated as an alternative for improving the processing of UTM planes coordinates E, N (East, North) from PSAD56 to SIRGAS. Therefore, from the coordinates E, N, of the two systems, four transformation parameters were calculated (two of translation, one of rotation, and one scale difference) using the technique bidimensional transformation. Additionally, the same coordinates were used to training Multilayer Artificial Neural Network -MANN, in which the inputs are the coordinates E, N in PSAD56 and output are the coordinates E, N in SIRGAS. Both the two-dimensional transformation and ANN were used as control points to determine the differences between the mentioned methods. The results imply that, the coordinates transformation obtained with the artificial neural network multilayer trained have been improving the results that the bidimensional transformation, and compatible to scales 1:5000.
Effects of Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Feed Supplement on Milk Production and its Composition in Tunisian Holstein Friesian Cows
Authors: Maamouri O. , Selmi H. , M’hamdi N. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A 105-day feed trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotic feed supplement containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk yield and its composition in Holstein Friesian cows. The trial was conducted in the region of Sidi Bouzid in the west of Tunisia. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been investigated on eight Holstein Friesian cows randomly divided into two groups of four animals on the basis of age, body weight, average milk yield, and lactation number. The first group was supplemented with 2.5 g/cow/day of probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2.5 1010 CFU/day) and the second group (control) was without the yeast. The study showed that supplementation with 2.5 g of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae per cow per day or 2.5 1010 CFU/day tended (P < 0.06) to increase milk production by 1.1 kg/cow. By cons, there was a significant increase of fat (P < 0.01; 52.8 and 46.9 g/cow/day) and protein (P < 0.05; 41.7 and 38.7 g/cow/day) content both for treated and control group, respectively. It is concluded that supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 2.5 1010 CFU/day in the diet of dairy cows may have positive influence on milk fat and protei n yield (g/cow/day).
Psychiatric considerations in the oncology setting
Authors: Mehta Reema D. , Roth Andrew J. 
Published: May 2015

Answer questions and earn CME/CNEAn aging population and advances in diagnostics and treatment have resulted in a rapidly growing population of people impacted by cancer. People live longer after a cancer diagnosis and tolerate more aggressive treatments than in the past. Younger patients struggle with diversions from the normal developmental milestones in career and relationships, while older patients deal with the dual challenges of aging and cancer. Cancer's transition from likely death to survival has increased interest in its impact on psychosocial issues and quality of life, rather than just longevity. In this article, the authors review the psychiatric diagnosis and management of the mental health issues most often encountered in oncology. Oncology treatment teams, including oncologists, nurses, social workers, and other ancillary staff, are often on the front lines of addressing psychiatric distress and clinical syndromes when psychiatrists are not easily available. The purpose of this review article is to highlight opportunities for nonpsychiatrists to improve identification and treatment of psychosocial distress and psychiatric syndromes and to request formal psychiatric consultation in appropriate situations. Psychotherapeutic, psychopharmacologic, cognitive, and behavioral‐oriented interventions, as well as supportive interventions, are discussed for treating patients who are facing challenges during active cancer treatment, survivorship, and at the end of life. This review is not exhaustive but highlights the more common psychosomatic medicine and palliative care scenarios that impact cancer patient care. The importance of recognizing and addressing burnout and compassion fatigue in multidisciplinary professionals who care for those treated for cancer is also discussed given the secondary impact this can have on patient care. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:299–314. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Evaluation of Keratometry With a Novel Color-LED Corneal Topographer
Authors: Klijn Stijn , Reus Nicolaas J. , Sicam Victor Arni D. P. 
Published: May 2015

PURPOSE:
To assess the performance of a novel keratometer based on reflections of colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and compare it with devices based on Placido rings, monochromatic LEDs, and Scheimpflug images.

METHODS:
Sixty-three eyes of 63 patients with virgin corneas underwent keratometry with color-LED corneal topography (Cassini; i-Optics, The Hague, The Netherlands) and with devices based on Placido ring reflections (Keratron; Optikon, Rome, Italy), monochromatic LED reflections (Lenstar; Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland), and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). Three repeated measurements were performed with each device. Comparability and repeatability of corneal power and cylinder measurements were assessed. The Bonferroni-corrected α-threshold for statistical significance was 0.016.

RESULTS:

Corneal power measurements with the Cassini topographer were not statistically significantly different from those with the Pentacam (
P
= .64). They were statistically significantly lower than those with the Keratron and Lenstar (
P
< .01), but the differences were of negligible clinical relevance. Cylinder measurements with the Cassini topographer were not statistically significantly different from those with any other device (
P
= .46). Repeatability of Cassini corneal power measurements was not statistically significantly different from that of the Keratron (
P
= .02), but was statistically significantly lower than that of the Lenstar and Pentacam (
P
< .001). Repeatability of Cassini cylinder measurements was statistically significantly higher than that of the Pentacam and Keratron (
P
< .001), but was not statistically significantly different from that of the Lenstar (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal power and cylinder measurements with color-LED corneal topography yielded values that were comparable to those of other commonly used devices. Repeatability of corneal power measurements was lower compared to some devices, but repeatability of cylinder measurements was relatively high. This may be of particular interest when using toric intraocular lenses.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(4):249–256.]
Intraocular Lens Power Selection and Positioning With and Without Intraoperative Aberrometry
Authors: Hatch Kathryn M. , Woodcock Emily C. , Talamo Jonathan H. 
Published: May 2015

PURPOSE:
To determine the value of intraoperative aberrometry in cases of toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and positioning.

METHODS:
In this non-randomized retrospective comparative trial, two groups of eyes underwent cataract extraction with toric IOL implantation: the aberrometry group (n = 37 eyes), where toric IOL power and alignment were determined before surgery with automated keratometry, standard optical biometry, and an online calculator and then refined using intraoperative aberrometry, and the toric calculator group (n = 27 eyes), where IOL selection was performed in a similar manner but without intraoperative aberrometry. The primary outcome measure was mean postoperative residual refractive astigmatism (RRA).

RESULTS:

Mean RRA measured at follow-up after surgery was 0.46 ± 0.42 and 0.68 ± 0.34 diopters (D) in the aberrometry and toric calculator groups, respectively (
P
= .0153). A 75% and 57% reduction in cylinder was noted between preoperative keratometric astigmatism and postoperative RRA in the aberrometry and toric calculator groups, respectively (
P
= .0027). RRA of 0.25 D or less, 0.50 D or less, 0.75 D or less, and 1.00 D or less was seen 38%, 78%, 86%, and 95% of the time, respectively, in the aberrometry group and 22%, 33%, 74%, and 89% of the time, respectively, in the toric calculator group. These data show that the chance of a patient being in a lower postoperative RRA range increased when intraoperative aberrometry was used (
P
= .0130).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients undergoing cataract extraction with toric IOL placement aided by intraoperative aberrometry were 2.4 times more likely to have less than 0.50 D of RRA compared to standard methods.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015:31(4):237–242.]