bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Speech Problems with Fixed Restorations on Implants in the Edentulous Maxilla: Introduction of a Novel Management Concept
Authors: Collaert Bruno , Van Dessel Jeroen , Konings Melissa , Nackaerts Olivia , Zink Inge , Slagmolen Pieter , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle attention has been paid to the effect of implant restorations on speech.PurposeThe aim of this study was threefold: (1) to find out if speech problems occur after inserting a fixed provisional restoration in the edentulous maxilla; (2) to explore speech adaptation in case articulation problems arise after rehabilitation; and (3) to describe the effect of changing the shape of the restoration on improving speech.Materials and MethodsTen patients with an edentulous maxilla were treated with fixed rehabilitation on implants. Speech evaluation was performed at four occasions: before implant surgery, immediately after restoration, and 3 weeks later before and after managing the speech problem by changing the shape of the restoration if speech problems occurred. Comparative three‐dimensional‐analysis of casts of the restoration before and after changing the shape of the restoration was carried out.ResultsThe majority of patients (n = 7) experienced speech problems immediately after rehabilitation. Three weeks later, none of the seven patients with deteriorated speech returned to baseline speech. Then, volumetric reduction of the palatal aspects of the (pre)molars was performed, which allowed speech to return to baseline levels in five out of seven patients. In the two remaining patients, the intervention resulted in an improvement of speech without reaching their baseline levels. Three‐dimensional‐analysis showed that reducing the palatal volume of the premolars was effective in correcting speech.ConclusionsSpeech problems may frequently occur after fixed rehabilitation of the completely edentulous maxilla. A novel speech management concept, consisting of reducing the palatal volume of the (pre)molars, is introduced, demonstrating to solve speech problems in most cases.
Efficacy of Gutta‐Percha and Polytetrafluoroethylene Tape to Microbiologically Seal the Screw Access Channel of Different Prosthetic Implant Abutments
Authors: Cavalcanti Alexei Gama de Albuquerque , Fonseca Fernando Toledo Arruda , Zago Camila D'Acampora Reis , Brito Junior Rui Barbosa , França Fabiana Mantovani Gomes 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate in vitro, the efficacy of gutta‐percha (GP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape to act as a seal against the penetration of Escherichia coli through prosthetic implant abutments (PIA) with external hexagon (EH) and morse taper (MT) connections.Materials and Methods120 sets of implant analogs with their respective PIA were used. 60 sets from each system were divided into four groups (n = 15): I – GP sealing; II – PTFE tape sealing; III – no sealing (NS) and IV – negative control. Microbiological challenge was performed by placing bacterial colonies inside the titanium PIA before screwing them into their respective analogs. Each set was immersed in 5 mL of BHI and incubated for 14 days with daily checks for contamination, according to the nutrient medium turbidity.ResultsThe type of seal used influenced microbial penetration at all evaluation times (p < 0.05). Compared to GP, PTFE led to an increase in turbidity and its effectiveness against microbial penetration was equivalent to group NS. When the sealing efficacy of each group was compared in terms of time, Cochran's Q test revealed that in the two groups sealed with PTFE, there was a progressive increase in the number of turbid nutrient media (p < 0.0001), while in the group sealed with GP, this was only observed in the MT system (p = 0.0310).ConclusionsSealing the PIA channel with GP was a significantly superior approach to sealing it with PTFE tape. PTFE tape or NS led to a progressive increase in microbiological leakage over time in PIA channels, however, this only occurred with GP in the MT system.
Progress testing in undergraduate dental education: the Peninsula experience and future opportunities
Authors: Ali K. , Coombes L. , Kay E. , Tredwin C. , Jones G. , Ricketts C. , Bennett J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundProgress testing is well established as a longitudinal form of assessment in undergraduate medical programmes to measure growth in knowledge. Peninsula Dental School is the first school to use progress testing and remains the only one to do so.AimsTo share the experience of developing progress testing in an undergraduate dental programme as a major summative assessment tool at a newly established dental school in the United Kingdom.MethodsData were collected for progress tests conducted from 2007 to 14. The tests were formative in the first 2 years of the programme and summative in subsequent years. Each test was based on 100 single best answer multiple‐choice items with an appropriate vignette. The students chose their answer from 5 options. A score 1 mark is awarded for each correct answer, minus 0.25 for an incorrect answer and 0 for ‘don't know’ (DK). The standard setting for each sitting was carried out using Angoff and Hofstee methods.ResultsThere were two tests per year with each cohort undertaking eight tests in their 4 years of study providing a total 14 test occasions. The reliability of each test for each student cohort tests was measured using Cronbach's alpha. The average reliability over 42 test/cohort combinations was 0.753 (±SD 0.08). Data analyses show growth in knowledge of dental students across successive years with the largest increase in knowledge observed between tests 1 and 5 and concomitant reduction in DK responses.ConclusionThis is the first study to report the establishment and use of progress testing as the principle form of written summative testing in an undergraduate dental curriculum. Progress testing is a valid and reliable tool to assess growth in knowledge longitudinally over the duration of a dental programme. Although a labour‐intensive process, progress testing merits more widespread use in dental programmes.
The effects of tai chi on measures of stress and coping style
Authors: Robert‐McComb Jacalyn J , Chyu Ming‐Chien , Tacón Anna , Norman Reid 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe biological response (heart‐rate variability; HRV) to an acute psychological stressor, as well as cognitive changes in anxiety and coping style following tai chi (TC) in healthy male college students, has not been investigated in the literature.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of TC on: (1) HRV biomarkers of acute psychological stress, (2) state anxiety, and (3) coping style in healthy male college students.MethodsThe study was an RCT, in which the experimental group (n=9) received TC (twice a week for 8 weeks) and the control (C) group (n=11) did not receive treatment. Reactions to an acute psychological stressor were measured by the HRV's standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (SDNN), and Spielberger's State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Four ‘trials’ (baseline; stressor; recovery 1 and recovery 2) were conducted, with pre‐tests/post‐tests performed for both study groups. The Problem‐Focused Styles of Coping (PFSOC) questionnaire was used to examine coping styles pre‐test/post‐test for both groups.ResultsSignificant differences were found: (1) for group, test, and trial, the interaction of trial by group, and the interaction of test by trial for SDNN, P<0.05; (2) for test, trial, and the interaction of test by group for STAI (P<0.05); and (3) for the interaction of group and test for the suppressive coping style (P<0.05).ConclusionsTai chi affects biological reactions to an acute psychological stressor, perceptions of anxiety to an acute stressor and coping styles in healthy male college students.
Geoengineering: The Next Era of Geopolitics?
Authors: Dalby Simon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhile geopolitics used to be about the context of global politics, now in the Anthropocene, it has become a matter of remaking that context rather than taking it as a given. What kind of planet is being made for what kind of civilization is now an unavoidable question of the global economy, as is the related political question of contemporary globalization concerning who decides the future planetary configuration. The discussion of geoengineering proceeds apace as the limited success of climate mitigation focuses attention on what comes next. Thinking about how to govern geoengineering before major experiments are tried unilaterally might be the key to preventing future conflicts over such practical issues as what temperature the planet ought to be. Such questions are the key to the new geopolitics of the Anthropocene, a debate to which geography in general and political geography in particular could have much to contribute.
Feminist Geographies “Beyond” Gender: de‐Coupling Feminist Research and the Gendered Subject
Authors: Coddington Kate 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIncreasingly feminist geographers are breaking the ties between feminist research and gendered subjects, envisioning feminist scholarship “beyond gender.” How did this trend emerge? This essay traces some of the significant shifts within feminist thinking that allowed the breakdown of such boundaries within feminist scholarship, and uses historical and contemporary examples primarily from feminist geography to illustrate that incomplete, and continually contested, transformation. I suggest that the history of feminist geographers' work to address critical questions about gender, race, and sexuality from outside the discipline has resulted in feminist projects that include, but are not limited to, a focus on gendered subjects. I argue that far from being finished intellectual projects, feminist geographies “beyond gender” represent new avenues for research about knowledge production, difference, and oppression. Who conducts research and what they study matters deeply for the scope and relevance of geographical scholarship as a whole, and contemporary feminist geographies point the way toward work that needs to be done especially around issues of uneven applications of intersectional analysis and the importance of race and postcolonial theory for geography.
Transient Global Amnesia Triggered by Migraine in aFrenchTertiary‐CareCenter: An 11‐Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Donnet Anne 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe etiology of transient global amnesia (TGA) remains unclear, and flow disturbances in the mesial temporal lobes secondary to venous congestion have been proposed as a potential cause. The occurrence ofTGAduring a migraine attack is a rare condition.MethodsThis 11‐year retrospective study in one French center describes patients' characteristics, type of migraine, investigations, treatment with vasoconstrictor during theTGA/migraine attack, and outcome in patients who hadTGAduring a migraine attack.ResultsAmong 8821 new patients, 6 cases of TGA occurring during a migraine attack were identified. For a majority of patients,TGAoccurs after the beginning of the attack.TGAalways occurs during a severe migraine attack, with vomiting or vomiting efforts. Vomiting or vomiting efforts always precede aTGAepisode.ConclusionsTGA occurring during a migraine attack is rare. Since aValsalva maneuver, such as forceful vomiting, is frequently described at the origin of the attack, blocking venous return through the superior venous cava may allow brief retrograde transmission of high venous pressure from the arms to the cerebral venous system, resulting in venous ischemia to the diencephalon or mesial temporal lobes and causingTGA.
Dacarbazine, Nimustine Hydrochloride, Cisplatin and Tamoxifen Combination Chemotherapy for Advanced Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Yamazaki Naoya , Yamamoto Akifumi , Wada Takashi , Ishikawa Masashi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMelanoma is an uncommon disease in Japan. The incidence, however, has been gradually increasing in the last two decades, as in many other countries worldwide. Ten patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were treated between March of 1997 and April of 1998 in the Department of Dermatology, National Cancer Center Hospital, with a combination chemotherapy consisting of dacarbazine (DTIC), nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), cisplatin (CDDP), and tamoxifen (TAM). The patients characteristics were as follows: four were males and six females; the age range was 33–70 years; all were Japanese; sites of primary disease: extremities 4, primary unknown 3, nasal cavity 1, anus 1, scalp 1; sites of metastases: lymph nodes 6, pulmonary system 5, skin 2, liver 3, gall bladder 1, adrenal gland 1. The chemotherapy regimen included DTIC 220 mg/m2/i.v. on days 1 through 3, ACNU 60 mg/m2/i.v. on day 1, cisplatin 25mg/m2/i.v. on days 1 through 3, and tamoxifen 10 mg p.o. twice daily. One patient achieved a complete response and 3 showed partial responses. The response rate was 40%. The four responders included those with metastases to the nodes, lung, and liver. The main toxicities were nausea, vomiting, leucopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. This regimen is a fairly effective combination against metastatic melanoma.
Mean body sizes of amphibian species are poorly predicted by climate
Authors: Slavenko Alex , Meiri Shai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimClimate is thought to exert a strong influence on animal body sizes. We examined the relationship between amphibian body size and several climatic variables to discern which climatic variables, if any, affect amphibian size evolution.LocationEurope and North America.MethodsWe assembled a dataset of mean sizes of 356 (out of 360) amphibian species in Europe, the USA and Canada, and tested how they are related to temperature, precipitation, primary productivity and seasonality. First, we examined the body size distributions of all the species inhabiting equal‐area grid cells (of 96.3 km × 96.3 km) using randomizations to account for the effects of species richness. Second, we examined the relationship between mean species body size and the environmental predictors across their ranges accounting for phylogenetic effects.ResultsThe observed amphibian body size distributions were mostly statistically indistinguishable from distributions generated by random assignment of species to cells. Median sizes in grid cells were negatively correlated with temperature in anurans and positively in urodeles. The phylogenetic analysis revealed opposite trends in relation to temperature. In both clades most climatic variables were not associated with size and the few significant relationships were very weak.Main conclusionsSpatial patterns in amphibian body size probably reflect diversity gradients, and relationships with climate could result from spurious effects of richness patterns. The large explanatory power of richness in the grid‐cell analysis, and the small explanatory power of climate in the interspecific analysis, signify that climate per se has little effect on amphibian body sizes.
Nutritional status, adiposity and asthma severity and control in children
Authors: Silveira Denise Halpern , Zhang Linjie , Prietsch Silvio OM , Vecchi Amilcare Angelo , Susin Lulie Rosane Odeh 
Published: April 2015

AimTo investigate association between nutritional status, adiposity and asthma severity and control in children.MethodsWe conducted a case control study at two teaching hospitals in Brazil. Cases were children (3–12 years) with persistent asthma and age‐matched controls were those with intermittent asthma. Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI). Adiposity was assessed by sum of skinfolds and waist circumference (WC). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression or multinomial logistic regression as appropriate.ResultsTwo hundred sixty‐eight cases and 126 controls were included. Obesity (>2 BMI z‐score for age) was significantly associated with persistent asthma (adjusted OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.39–4.95). There was a significant linear relationship between BMI z‐scores (≤1, >1 to ≤2, >2) and risk of having persistent asthma (P = 0.003 for linear trend). Children with WC >90th percentile had a higher risk of persistent asthma when compared with those with WC ≤90th percentile (adjusted OR 3.38; 95% CI 1.26–9.06). No significant difference was found in terms of nutritional status and adiposity between children whose asthma was controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and those requiring inhaled corticosteroids plus other medications for asthma control.ConclusionsObesity measured by BMI and increased abdominal adiposity are significantly associated with risk of persistent asthma but not type of controller medications.
Mapping fear of crime as a context‐dependent everyday experience that varies in space and time
Authors: Solymosi Reka , Bowers Kate , Fujiyama Taku 
Published: April 2015

PurposeThere is a current need for innovation in research on the fear of crime to move on from general and static representations and instead approach it as a dynamic phenomenon experienced in everyday life, to inform or evaluate situational interventions.MethodsThis study presents a novel approach to fear of crime research using the framework of routine activities theory and environmental criminology to present it as a specific event characterized by spatial, temporal, and personal variables. We suggest and illustrate a new experience sampling approach to data collection, captured via a mobile phone application.ResultsBy studying the fear of crime in the environment where it occurs, and focusing on a microscale geography with the additional dimension of time, new insight into fear of crime can be attained. Results from a data collection pilot demonstrate significant spatiotemporal variation in individuals' fear of crime levels and hence illustrate the viability of such approaches.ConclusionsWe argue that this new insight can lead to the development of situational interventions which target fear of crime hot spots as they move about in place and time, allowing limited resources to be allocated more efficiently to enhance perceptions of safety.
Clonal evolution of multidrug resistant hepatitis B virus during entecavir rescue therapy
Authors: Chon Young E. , Jin Bora , Ahn Sang H. , Kim Seungtaek , Kim Nam D. , Park Jeon H. , Nam Chung M. , Kim Kyun‐Hwan , Hong Sun P. , Choi Sung H. , Kim Do Y. , Park Jun Y. , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsAnalysing the mutation pattern of multidrug resistance (MDR) is important in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this study, the evolutionary pattern of MDR mutations was investigated in patients receiving entecavir (ETV) rescue therapy.MethodsEight CHB patients with lamivudine (LAM)‐ and adefovir (ADV)‐resistant mutations showing suboptimal response to ETV and to subsequent ETV‐plus‐ADV therapy were enrolled. The clonal evolution of the mutation pattern was investigated through direct sequencing, multiplex restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP), and clonal analysis and the utility of these methods was compared.ResultsAmong 160 clones at baseline, wild‐type hepatitis B virus (HBV) was present in 62 (38.8%), LAM‐resistant mutations in 92 (57.6%) and ADV‐resistant mutations in 55 (34.4%). LAM‐resistant mutations increased to 70.6% at the end of ETV therapy and increased to 74.4% at the 12th month of ETV‐plus‐ADV therapy. During the same time periods, ETV‐resistant mutations were present in 46.3% and 38.8%, and ADV‐resistant mutations were present in 3.1% and 9.4% respectively. When 256 nucleotides from 32 samples were examined for mutations, clonal analysis detected 93 mutations (36.3%), direct sequencing detected 36 mutations (14.1%) and RFMP detected 73 mutations (28.5%). The sensitivity (73.1%, 95% CI; 64.1–82.1%) and specificity (96.9%, 95% CI; 94.4–99.4%) of RFMP were high, showing a concordance rate of 88.3% with the results from clonal analysis. All mutations exceeding 40% of the total clones detected by clonal analysis were also detected by RFMP.ConclusionsThe clonal evolution of the mutation pattern in MDR HBV showed the selection of LAM‐resistant (±ETV‐resistant) HBV during ETV rescue therapy, which may be the primary reason for patients' suboptimal response. Multiplex RFMP is a useful method for detecting MDR mutations in clinical practice.
Diverse supramolecular structures formed by self‐assembling proteins of the Bacillus subtilis spore coat
Authors: Jiang Shuo , Wan Qiang , Krajcikova Daniela , Tang Jilin , Tzokov Svetomir B. , Barak Imrich , Bullough Per A. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBacterial spores (endospores), such as those of the pathogens Clostridium difficile and Bacillus anthracis, are uniquely stable cell forms, highly resistant to harsh environmental insults. Bacillus subtilis is the best studied spore‐former and we have used it to address the question of how the spore coat is assembled from multiple components to form a robust, protective superstructure. B. subtilis coat proteins (CotY, CotE, CotV and CotW) expressed in Escherichia coli can arrange intracellularly into highly stable macro‐structures through processes of self‐assembly. Using electron microscopy, we demonstrate the capacity of these proteins to generate ordered one‐dimensional fibres, two‐dimensional sheets and three‐dimensional stacks. In one case (CotY), the high degree of order favours strong, cooperative intracellular disulfide cross‐linking. Assemblies of this kind could form exquisitely adapted building blocks for higher‐order assembly across all spore‐formers. These physically robust arrayed units could also have novel applications in nano‐biotechnology processes.
Client experiences of motivational interviewing: An interpersonal process recall study
Authors: Jones Sarah A. , Latchford Gary , Tober Gillian 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo explore clients' experience of the therapy process in motivational interviewing (MI) for alcohol abuse.DesignA qualitative study using grounded theory.MethodsInterviews with nine clients were conducted using interpersonal process recall (IPR), a methodology which utilizes a video recording as a cue to aid memory recall. Clients watched a videotape of their MI session and were asked to identify and describe the important moments in the therapy session. The transcribed interviews were then analysed using grounded theory.ResultsA single session of MI is seen by the clients in this study as a complex interpersonal interaction between client and therapist, which impacts on the client's cognitive and affective intrapersonal processes.ConclusionsThe themes which emerged partly confirm processes of MI previously hypothesized to be important, but also highlight the importance of factors common to all therapeutic approaches.Practitioner points

The aspects of therapy which clients in this study felt were important are similar to those hypothesized to underlie the effectiveness of MI, including a non‐confrontational approach, affirmation, and developing discrepancies between beliefs and behaviour.

These were embedded in aspects common to all therapies, including the qualities of the therapist and the therapeutic relationship.

Client's perspectives on therapeutic processes are an important area of research, and IPR is a particularly suitable method.