bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Nutzung von Transferstrategien beim Transfer von physikalischen Konzepten zum Thema Energie in Zusammenhang mit kontextorientiertem Unterricht und situationalem Interesse
Authors: Gysin Daniel , Bollmann Stella , Brovelli Dorothee 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Fähigkeit der Anwendung von im Unterricht gelernten Konzepten ist ein grundlegendes Ziel des Physikunterrichts. Beim Transfer ihres Wissens wenden Schüler*innen Strategien an. Die vorgestellte Studie hat zum Ziel, affektive Faktoren wie das situationale Interesse und die Kontextorientierung im vorangegangenen Unterricht in Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung von Transferstrategien beim Transfer von physikalischen Konzepten aus dem Themenbereich der Energie zu untersuchen. Weiter wird der Einsatz von Transferstrategien beim Lösen einer physikalischen Transferaufgabe von Lernenden in unterschiedlichen Schulstufen und Schulniveaus verglichen. Es zeigt sich, dass sich beim Vergleich zwischen den Schulniveaus keine nennenswerten Unterschiede bei der Anwendung von Transferstrategien ergeben. Hinsichtlich der Schulstufen sind lediglich vereinzelte Unterschiede bei zwei der fünf Transferstrategien signifikant. Ein Strukturgleichungsmodell zur Modellierung der Zusammenhänge des Interesses, der Kontextorientierung und der Nutzung von Transferstrategien macht darüber hinaus jedoch sichtbar, dass die wahrgenommene Kontextorientierung im Unterricht in vier von fünf Fällen einen positiven Effekt auf die Nutzung von Transferstrategien aufweist (namentlich auf die Strategien Einnehmen einer Subjektperspektive, Analogien Schule, Analogien Freizeit und Schlüsse ziehen). Weiter konnte der aus der Literatur bekannte positive Effekt der Kontextorientierung auf das (situationale) Interesse repliziert werden. Das situationale Interesse wiederum hat keinen direkten Zusammenhang mit vier der fünf Transferstrategien und weist sogar eine negative Korrelation (Kovarianz) mit der Strategie Nachdenken über den Lösungsprozess auf.
The upside of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of radiology in resource-poor settings
Authors: Brakohiapa Edmund Kwakye , Ohene-Botwe Benard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the devastating global impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it brought notable benefits to the practice and study of radiology and radiography in resource-poor communities like Ghana. The pandemic necessitated the adoption of remote work and online learning, overcoming previous barriers such as high costs and poor connectivity. Applications like Zoom and Teams facilitated free access to international webinars and conferences, significantly reducing the financial burden of acquiring knowledge. This period also heightened the recognition of radiologists and radiographers, leading to increased prioritisation and investment in their departments by political leaders, including plans for new hospitals with advanced radiological equipment. Additionally, the pandemic provoked research collaborations and educational advancements, equipping radiologists and radiographers with new skills to handle future health crises. Improved hygiene protocols and infection control measures were implemented, reducing the risk of disease transmission. Enhanced internet services enabled radiologists to offer remote image interpretation services, improving healthcare accessibility across regions. International support ensured a steady supply of medical consumables, further enhancing safety. Overall, the pandemic accelerated technological adoption, increased professional recognition, improved safety protocols, and fostered international collaboration, significantly advancing the field of radiology in Ghana.
Theory and Practice in Neuroscience Modelling of Thought: An Interview with Edvard I. Moser
Authors: Moser Edvard I. , Furstenberg Ariel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis interview with Professor Edvard I. Moser, a renowned Nobel Laureate in physiology or Medicine, serves as an extension of his lecture delivered at the workshop on “Physics modelling of thought” held in January 2023 in Berlin. The workshop was dedicated to examining the various physics-based approaches to the modelling of thought and its underlying brain mechanisms. Stimulated by his talk, we formulated several questions on the challenges encountered in the experimental testing of theoretical ideas and intuitions, how computational tools have brought about conceptual transformation, as well as the problem of modelling complex systems, and the philosophical grounding of experimental work.
A Viable World in the Anthropocene: Living Together in the Common Home of Planet Earth
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen , Schürmann Eberhard , Weber Roland , Newfields Tim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the world's population continues to surge, the earth's ecological limits are being stretched. Some of the major threats to habitability stem from the pursuit of perpetual economic growth, and power struggles among nations, leading to ecological and social destruction and ongoing crises. A shift toward wiser earth management could enhance habitability through collective strategies within a global political framework. Key components include adopting renewable energy, limiting ecological footprints, fostering clean prosperity, and promoting peaceful coexistence among nations. Our survival hinges on embracing cooperative security and transitioning toward a collective approach to governance, redirecting resources from militarization toward protection of the global commons. This necessitates international collaboration and democratic participation across temporal and spatial scales, facilitated by a UN-led framework. We believe science should play a crucial role in developing common strategies for a viable world, contingent upon decision-makers prioritizing global cooperation over narrow short-term self-interest. Scientists and policymakers can work together, creating more viable futures through international cooperation and a move away from violence. Moreover, citizens have an important role to play by changing their lifestyles and supporting measures mentioned in this paper.
Perceptions of cognitive workload measurement using multimodal sensors in surgery
Authors: Naik Ravi , Fehervari Matyas , Ali Rayyan , Hazell George , Kutaiman Tarek , Singh Rananjay , Vijayanarasimhan Rakshith , Mylonas George , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The study of cognitive load management in surgery has led to identification of objective cognitive workload (CWL) correlates offering the potential to improve patient safety, enhance surgeon performance and their long-term well-being. Sensors have been used in isolation within surgery to measure physiological changes of the surgeon to infer CWL. More recently however, the use of multimodal sensors (MMS) has been explored to improve the reliability of CWL measurement. Despite the emergence of this technology, the behavioural intention of future users of MMS is not well understood. The aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of CWL measurement using MMS in surgery and secondly, to develop a model of acceptance amongst a cohort of future users.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey of medical students in the United Kingdom was undertaken by means of an online questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, using performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE), social influence (SI), facilitating conditions (FC) and behavioural intention (BI) as latent constructs. A purposive sampling method was undertaken over a period of nine months. Results were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Results
There were 232 responses with 138 fully completed responses used for final data analysis. Weighted averages of all item responses demonstrated positive responses to all questionnaire statements. Students strongly agreed to ‘Technology used to measure my mental workload would be useful to me’ (42.8%), ‘I would use the system if it was comfortable to wear’ (53.6%) and ‘I would like to know that the technology is reliable before using it’ (68.8%). Pathway co-efficients were 0.444 for PE → BI (p =  < 0.001), 0.221 for EE → BI (p =  < 0.001), 0.096 for SI → BI (p = 0.186) and 0.142 for FC → BI (p = 0.094).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates an overall positive perception of CWL measurement using MMS. Although social influences and facilitating conditions demonstrate a positive influence on the behavioural intention of students, performance and effort expectancy are significant constructs to consider, namely the comfort and reliability of multimodal sensors. Findings from this study can be used to guide future development of emerging MMS systems that can be used to reduce human error, improve training and patient safety.
Scientific basis, engineering feasibility and system optimization of green sea dykes for temperate mud coasts: a brief overview
Authors: Yu Qian , Jia Jianjun , Gao Shu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreen sea dykes, also known as ecosystem-based sea dykes, represent a novel type of coastal defense consisting of both traditional structural engineering and coastal ecosystems, designed to cope with the future trends of sea level rise and intensified storms. Here we focus on the mid-latitude mud coasts (eastern China in particular), which face the most prominent risks of storm surge, storm-induced giant waves, and shoreline erosion, and summarizes the scientific basis of green sea dykes and the current status of engineering practices. We show that the basic mechanisms of nearshore wave energy dissipation include bottom friction, sediment transport, and form drag. These explain the wave damping capacity of oyster reefs and salt marshes on mud coasts. In tidal flat environments, oyster growth increases frictional resistance and even causes wave breaking; the resuspension and transport of fine-grained sediments on salt marsh beds and the movement or resistance to hydrodynamic forcing of salt marsh vegetation stems effectively dissipate wave kinetic energy, and their efficiency increases with the elevation of the bed surface. Based on the wave damping capacity of oyster reefs and salt marshes on mud coasts, ecosystem-based sea dykes are being built in combination with traditional structured sea dykes. By utilizing natural tidal flats outside the dykes or implementing artificial modification projects, a certain scale of salt marshes and/or oyster reefs can be maintained, which serve to protect the sea dykes and enhance their wave resistance functions. From the perspective of system optimization, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency and sustainability of green sea dykes under constraints such as regional environment characteristics, ecosystem health, investment capacity, and ecological resilience. Related scientific issues include the theorization of the wave damping process of salt marshes, the niche and scale control of oyster reef and salt marsh ecosystems, the establishment of engineering standards and the design of the optimal form of sea dykes.
Atomic insight into residual stress and microstructure evolution of amorphous carbon heterostructured films induced by multi-stage phase transformation of high-entropy alloys
Authors: Niu Xinyue , Zhou Yefei , Zhang Tao , Ding Ming , Xing Xiaolei , Yang Qingxiang , Wang Dianlong , Xiao Jianwei , Shi Zhijun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe residual stress has significant effects on the microstructure and service performance of films. With good toughness and low stacking fault energy, high-entropy alloy (HEA) can act as dopant to reduce the residual stress of films via self-plastic deformation. Nevertheless, the microscopic mechanism buried deep under the surface is difficult to study by experiments and the dynamic evolution cannot be observed, which the biggest obstacle to investigate the corresponding solutions is. In this paper, diamond-like carbon (DLC) models with different CoCrFeNi HEA doping ratios (1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8) were designed by molecular dynamics method. The effects of CoCrFeNi doping percentage on the structure and residual stress of this heterostructured films were investigated, and the mechanism of residual stress reduction was revealed. The results show that the phase transformation of HEA causes stress fluctuations in DLC films. The stress fluctuations at different orientations of the heterostructured films is gradually shifted to the right with the increase of HEA percentage, and the difference in stress level between the initial and final strain is significantly decreased. Meanwhile, when the doping ratio is 1:2, the compressive stresses inside the films is lower and the generation of stacking faults is later. With the increase of the HEA doping ratio, the proportion of C atoms with sp3 and sp2 hybridization structures is decreased significantly, and the percentages of the distorted C–C bond length and distorted C–C-C bond angle are also reduced. Therefore, HEA doping affects the number of hybrid atoms and the distribution of bond characteristics in DLC films, which leads to the decrease of the residual stress of the heterostructured films.
Graphical Abstract
MIR99AHG: a novel lncRNA host gene with diverse regulatory roles in cancer
Authors: Si Jiahua , Su Xinming , Xu Hening , Gu Jiayi , Feng Yinuo , Wang Zehua , Xiao Yunxuan , Shentu Jianqiao , Duan Shiwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMIR99AHG, a recently discovered long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), serves as the host gene for the miR-99a/let-7c/miR-125b-2 miRNA cluster. The intricate processing of its three introns yields three distinct micro RNAs (miRNAs). Experimental evidence highlights significant variations in MIR99AHG expression across various cancer types, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker for cancer. Moreover, FOXA1 acts as an upstream regulator, actively promoting MIR99AHG expression. MIR99AHG, in turn, regulates five downstream proteins (ANXA2, PTBP1, MMP9, PBX3, and PHB2), as well as three competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) axes and three signaling pathways. This broad spectrum of regulatory effects underscores the pivotal role of MIR99AHG in shaping the behavior of cancer cells. In cancer treatment, MIR99AHG's functions are equally noteworthy. Experimental findings suggest its impact on immune cell activity within the tumor micro-environment and its role in modulating cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Follow-up studies on patients further confirm the close association between high MIR99AHG expression and poor prognosis across various cancers, exhibiting significant statistical correlations with various pathological behaviors. In summary, MIR99AHG, acting as a multifaceted lncRNA, not only introduces a potential novel marker for cancer diagnosis but also demonstrates significant application value in cancer treatment and prognosis evaluation.
Performance of light weight concrete with different aggregates—a comprehensive review
Authors: Dwarampudi Manasa , Venkateshwari B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough its usage in civil engineering is due to aspects like cost-effectiveness and design flexibility, which have made light-weight concrete (LWC) increasingly popular in recent decades, its development brought a revolution in civil engineering. Numerous studies have been conducted in this field to examine the structural performance in various scenarios. The goal of the current review is to provide a thorough analysis of lightweight concrete. The main reason for the variance in concrete strength is the use of lightweight aggregates, which include multiple types of lightweight aggregates that can be natural or artificial. Thus, this review paper was put together to give an idea of lightweight concrete by using different aggregates like. There are many light-weight aggregate types, such as expanded clay aggregate, pumice, coconut shell, cenosphere, ceramsite sand, cenomite aggregate, vermiculite, crushed clay bricks, and palm kernel shells, as well as their effects on the properties of LWC. This paper includes the production process of LWC and its characteristics, including, density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, workability and durability.
Poroelastic effects of chemical loading in consolidation of residual soils
Authors: Irheren Dada , Okafor Fidelis Onyebuchi , Onyia Michael Ebie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn analytical chemo-hydromechanical model of residual soils was presented in this study. The modeling procedure utilized a unique phenomenological approach, which highlighted some of the macro-mechanical influences responsible for the behavior of residual soils. The macromechanical analysis yielded an extended poroelastic theory. The developed model was applied in solving a typical civil engineering problem of soil consolidation. For a chemical loading treatment, the problem was using requisite boundary conditions. Thereafter, the mathematical software Mathematica was used for solving the ensuing diffusion equations using physico-chemical properties typical of a residual soil sample. Even though the chemical loading was instantaneous, it took some time before its effect could be felt everywhere according to the poroelastic theory. From obtained results the evolution of the generated pore pressure showed increasing segments of the soil returning to their initial state after the passage of the pore pressure front. The vertical displacement showed a slight increase or elevation of the soil surface. The flux of water flow in the soil was initially positive before turning negative, which can be explained by initial successful penetration of the infiltrating liquid until it met increasingly tortuous paths as result of lower permeability. The volume (per unit area) of water leaving the soil after chemical loading demonstrated that a portion of the water flux associated with the infiltrating liquid ends up leaving the soil through the sides. The developed model was later compared with a similar porochemoelastic model found in literature with reasonable agreement.
The need for smart bimetallic nanoparticles in the battle against pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria: a brief communication
Authors: El-Sayyad Gharieb S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe expanding threat presented by developing pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria calls for an urgent need for research, particularly given the growing concern for global public health. Bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to be utilized for a broad variety of pharmacological and biological applications because to their outstanding antibacterial activity at low concentrations and continuous phase stability. This is especially true when it comes to preventing MDR pathogenic bacteria from invading. Several biological synthetic methods for producing bimetallic NPs and the range of analytical methods (used to characterize them) are covered in this brief communication paper. Additionally, I tried to highlight the literature review on the antimicrobial capabilities of several synthesized bimetallic NPs. The final section of this brief communication discussed the structure and mechanism of action of the synthesized bimetallic NPs against pathogenic bacteria. Electrostatic interaction, damage to cell membranes, change of enzymes and proteins, oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), binding to proteins that disturbs the electron transport chain and disturbs homeostasis, signal transduction suppression, and genotoxicity are some possible associations with the phenomenon being studied.
Architecture Design and Ground Performance of Netherlands‐China Low‐Frequency Explorer
Authors: Karapakula Sukanth , Brinkerink Christiaan , Vecchio Antonio , Pourshaghaghi Hamid R. , Dolron Peter , Jordans Roel , Bertels Eric , Aalbers Gerard , Ruiter Mark , Boonstra Albert J. , Bentum Mark , Prinsloo David , Arts Michel , Bast Jeanette , Damstra Sieds , van Duin Albert , Ebbendorf Nico , van der Marel Hans , Morawietz Juergen , Witvers Roel , Poiesz Wietse , van Dongen Rico , Cecconi Baptiste , Zarka Philippe , Dekkali Moustapha , Chen Linjie , Wang Mingyuan , Zhang Mo , Huang Maohai , Yan Yihua , Dong Liang , Tan Baolin , Zhang Lihua , Xiong Liang , Sun Ji , Zhang Hongbo , Ping Jinsong , Wolt Marc Klein , Falcke Heino 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Netherlands‐China Low‐Frequency Explorer (NCLE) (Boonstra et al., 2017, https://www.ursi.org/proceedings/procGA17/papers/Paper_J19‐2(1603).pdf; Chen et al., 2020, https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020AAS…23610203C/abstract) is a radio instrument for astrophysical studies in the low‐frequency range (80 kHz–80 MHz). As a technology demonstrator, NCLE shall inform the design of future radio receivers that aim at low‐frequency radio astronomy. NCLE can make observations at very high spectral resolution (<1 kHz) and generate radio sky maps at an angular resolution of ≈1.5 radians. NCLE uses three monopole antennas, each 5 m long, and three identical analog signal chains to process the signal from each antenna. A single digital receiver samples the signal and calculates the auto‐correlated and cross‐correlated spectra. The instrument's analog and digital signal chains are extensively configurable. They can be fine‐tuned to produce broadband spectra covering the instrument's complete operating frequency range or sub‐bands. NCLE was developed within a veryshort timescale of 2 years, and currently, it is on board Queqiao, the relay spacecraft of the Chang'e‐ 4 mission, in a halo orbit around the Earth‐Moon L2 point. This paper outlines the science cases, instrument architecture with focus on the signal chain, and discusses the laboratory measurements during the pre‐launch phase.
Spatial Variations of Jovian Tropospheric Ammonia via Ground‐Based Imaging
Authors: Hill S. M. , Irwin P. G. J. , Alexander C. , Rogers J. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrent understanding of the ammonia distribution in Jupiter's atmosphere is provided by observations from major ground‐based facilities and spacecraft, and analyzed with sophisticated retrieval models that recover high fidelity information, but are limited in spatial and temporal coverage. Here we show that the ammonia abundance in Jupiter's upper troposphere, which tracks the overturning atmospheric circulation, can be simply, but reliably determined from continuum‐divided ammonia and methane absorption‐band images made with a moderate‐sized Schmidt‐Cassegrain telescope (SCT). In 2020–2021, Jupiter was imaged in the 647‐nm ammonia absorption band and adjacent continuum bands with a 0.28‐m SCT, demonstrating that the spatially resolved ammonia optical depth could be determined with such a telescope. In 2022–2023, a 619 nm methane‐band filter was added to provide a constant reference against which to correct the ammonia abundances (column‐averaged mole fraction) for cloud opacity variations. These 0.28‐m SCT results are compared with observations from: (a) the MUSE instrument on ESO's Very Large Telescope (b) the TEXES mid‐infrared spectrometer used on NASA's InfraRed Telescope Facility; and (c) the Gemini telescopes, and are shown to provide reliable maps of ammonia abundance. Meridional and longitudinal features are examined, including the Equatorial Zone (EZ) ammonia enhancement, the North Equatorial Belt depletion, depletion above the Great Red Spot, and longitudinal enhancements in the northern EZ. This work demonstrates meaningful ammonia monitoring can be achieved with small telescopes that can complement spacecraft and major ground‐based facility observations.