bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terminology and definitions on groin pain in athletes: building agreement using a short Delphi method
Authors: Weir Adam , Hölmich Per , Schache Anthony G , Delahunt Eamonn , de Vos Robert-Jan 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundGroin pain in athletes occurs frequently and can be difficult to treat, which may partly be due to the lack of agreement on diagnostic terminology.ObjectiveTo perform a short Delphi survey on terminology agreement for groin pain in athletes by a group of experts.MethodsA selected number of experts were invited to participate in a Delphi questionnaire. The study coordinator sent a questionnaire, which consisted of demographic questions and two ‘real-life’ case reports of athletes with groin pain. The experts were asked to complete the questionnaire and to provide the most likely diagnosis for each case. Questionnaire responses were analysed by an independent researcher. The Cohen's κ statistic was used to evaluate the level of agreement between the diagnostic terms provided by the experts.ResultsTwenty-three experts participated (96% of those invited). For case 1, experts provided 9 different terms to describe the most likely diagnosis; for case 2, 11 different terms were provided to describe the most likely diagnosis. With respect to the terms provided for the most likely diagnosis, the Cohen's κ was 0.06 and 0.002 for case 1 and 2, respectively. This heterogeneous taxonomy reflects only a slight agreement between the various diagnostic terms provided by the selected experts.ConclusionsThis short Delphi survey of two ‘typical, straightforward’ cases demonstrated major inconsistencies in the diagnostic terminology used by experts for groin pain in athletes. These results underscore the need for consensus on definitions and terminology on groin pain in athletes.
The diagnostic performance evaluation of the SD BIOLINE HIV/syphilis Duo rapid test in southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shimelis Techalew , Tadesse Endale 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic performance of the SD BIOLINE HIV/syphilis Duo rapid test.DesignA hospital-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis evaluation was conducted at one of the largest hospitals in southern Ethiopia.ParticipantsSerum samples obtained from clients attending the antiretroviral therapy and voluntary counselling and testing centres were used. Sera were originally collected for the purpose of investigating syphilis epidemiology. The performance of the test to detect HIV was evaluated using 400 sera (200 HIV positives and 200 HIV negatives). Also, its performance to detect syphilis was evaluated using 85 syphilis positive and 100 syphilis negative serum samples. Individuals <15 years of age or syphilis treated or those with ≤50 cells/µL CD4 cell count were originally excluded.Outcome measuresHIV screening was carried out according to the national rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) algorithm: Shenghai Kehua Bioengineering (KHB) test kit as a screening test, followed by the HIV1/2 STAT-PAK assay if positive. Where the result of the STAT-PAK is discordant with KHB, Unigold HIV is used as a tiebreaker to determine the result. We also used ELISA to resolve discordant HIV results. Syphilis serostatus was determined using theTreponema pallidumhaemagglutination assay (TPHA).ResultsThe respective sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the SD BIOLINE HIV/syphilis Duo test were 100, 99.5, 99.5 and 100% for HIV and 97.6, 96, 95.4 and 98% for syphilis testing, respectively. In reference to TPHA, the test kit reported 4 false positives and 2 false negative results for syphilis. The κ values were 0.99 for HIV testing and 0.94 for syphilis testing.ConclusionsThe excellent performance of the SD BIOLINE HIV/syphilis Duo test to detect HIV as well as syphilis facilitates the integration of syphilis testing and treatment to the already established HIV prevention programme, ultimately contributing to the dual HIV and syphilis elimination goal.
Wigner rotation via Fermi–Walker transport and relativistic EPR correlations in the Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Bakke K. , Furtado C. , Carvalho A. M. de M. 
Published: April 2015

The Wigner rotation angle for a particle in a circular motion in the Schwarzschild spacetime is obtained via the Fermi–Walker transport of spinors. Then, by applying the Wentzel, Kramers, Brillouin (WKB) approximation, a possible application of the Fermi–Walker transport of spinors in relativistic Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) correlations is discussed, where it is shown that the spins of the correlated particle undergo a precession in an analogous way to that obtained by Terashima and Ueda [H. Terashima and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. A 69, 032113 (2004)] via the application of successive infinitesimal Lorentz transformations. Moreover, from the WKB approach, it is also shown that the degree of violation of the Bell inequality depends on the Wigner rotation angle obtained via the Fermi–Walker transport. Finally, the relativistic effects from the geometry of the spacetime and the accelerated motion of the correlated particles is discussed in the nonrelativistic limit.
Pan-HER, an Antibody Mixture Simultaneously Targeting EGFR, HER2, and HER3, Effectively Overcomes Tumor Heterogeneity and Plasticity
Authors: Jacobsen Helle J. , Poulsen Thomas T. , Dahlman Anna , Kjær Ida , Koefoed Klaus , Sen Jette W. , Weilguny Dietmar , Bjerregaard Bolette , Andersen Christina R. , Horak Ivan D. , Pedersen Mikkel W. , Kragh Michael , Lantto Johan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Accumulating evidence indicates a high degree of plasticity and compensatory signaling within the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, leading to resistance upon therapeutic intervention with HER family members.
Experimental Design/Results: We have generated Pan-HER, a mixture of six antibodies targeting each of the HER family members EGFR, HER2, and HER3 with synergistic pairs of antibodies, which simultaneously remove all three targets, thereby preventing compensatory tumor promoting mechanisms within the HER family. Pan-HER induces potent growth inhibition in a range of cancer cell lines and xenograft models, including cell lines with acquired resistance to therapeutic antibodies. Pan-HER is also highly efficacious in the presence of HER family ligands, indicating that it is capable of overcoming acquired resistance due to increased ligand production. All three target specificities contribute to the enhanced efficacy, demonstrating a distinct benefit of combined HER family targeting when compared with single-receptor targeting.
Conclusions: Our data show that simultaneous targeting of three receptors provides broader efficacy than targeting a single receptor or any combination of two receptors in the HER family, especially in the presence of HER family ligands. Pan-HER represents a novel strategy to deal with primary and acquired resistance due to tumor heterogeneity and plasticity in terms of HER family dependency and as such may be a viable alternative in the clinic. Clin Cancer Res; 21(18); 4110–22. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Yarden and Sela, p. 4030
Forkhead Box O-1 Modulation Improves Endothelial Insulin Resistance in Human Obesity
Authors: Karki Shakun , Farb Melissa G. , Ngo Doan T.M. , Myers Samantha , Puri Vishwajeet , Hamburg Naomi M. , Carmine Brian , Hess Donald T. , Gokce Noyan 
Published: April 2015

Objective—
Increased visceral adiposity has been closely linked to insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiometabolic disease in obesity, but pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to investigate mechanisms of vascular insulin resistance by characterizing depot-specific insulin responses and gain evidence that altered functionality of transcription factor forkhead box O-1 (FOXO-1) may play an important role in obesity-related endothelial dysfunction.

Approach and Results—

We intraoperatively collected paired subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples from 56 severely obese (body mass index, 43±7 kg/m
2
) and 14 nonobese subjects during planned surgical operations, and characterized depot-specific insulin-mediated responses using Western blot and quantitative immunofluorescence techniques. Insulin signaling via phosphorylation of FOXO-1 and consequent endothelial nitric oxide synthase stimulation was selectively impaired in the visceral compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue and endothelial cells of obese subjects. In contrast, tissue actions of insulin were preserved in nonobese individuals. Pharmacological antagonism with AS1842856 and biological silencing using small interfering RNA–mediated FOXO-1 knockdown reversed insulin resistance and restored endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation in the obese.

Conclusions—
We observed profound endothelial insulin resistance in the visceral adipose tissue of obese humans which improved with FOXO-1 inhibition. FOXO-1 modulation may represent a novel therapeutic target to diminish vascular insulin resistance. In addition, characterization of endothelial insulin resistance in the adipose microenvironment may provide clues to mechanisms of systemic disease in human obesity.
Identifying Predictors of Cumulative Healthcare Costs in Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Bennell Maria C. , Qiu Feng , Micieli Andrew , Ko Dennis T. , Dorian Paul , Atzema Clare L. , Singh Sheldon M. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. 
Published: April 2015

Background

Atrial fibrillation (
AF
) has substantial impacts on healthcare resource utilization. Our objective was to understand the pattern and predictors of cumulative healthcare costs in
AF
patients after incident diagnosis in an emergency department (
ED
).

Methods and Results

Patients discharged after a first presentation of
AF
to an
ED
in Ontario, Canada, were identified from April 1, 2005, through March 31, 2010. Per‐patient cumulative healthcare costs were determined until death or March 31, 2012. Join‐point analyses identified clinically relevant cost phases. Hierarchical generalized linear models with a logarithmic link and gamma distribution determined predictors of cost per phase. Our cohort was 17 980 patients. During a mean follow‐up of 3.9 years, 17.1% of patients died. Three distinct cost phases were identified: 2‐month post–index
ED
visit phase, 12‐month predeath phase, and a stable/chronic phase. The mean cost per patient in the first month post–index
ED
visit was $1876 (95%
CI
$1822 to $1931), $8050 (95%
CI
$7666 to $8434) in the month before death, and $640 (95%
CI
$624 to $655) per month for the stable/chronic phase. The main cost component in the post‐index phase was physician services (32% of all costs) and hospitalizations for the predeath phase (72% of all costs). The
CHA
2
DS
2
‐
VAS
c clinical risk score was a strong predictor of costs (rate ratio 1.91 and 5.08 for score of 7 versus score of 0 in predeath phase and postindex phase, respectively).

Conclusions

There are distinct phases of resource utilization in
AF
, with highest costs in the predeath phase.
Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter, Residential Proximity to Major Roads and Measures of Brain Structure
Authors: Wilker Elissa H. , Preis Sarah R. , Beiser Alexa S. , Wolf Philip A. , Au Rhoda , Kloog Itai , Li Wenyuan , Schwartz Joel , Koutrakis Petros , DeCarli Charles , Seshadri Sudha , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment, but whether it is related to structural changes in the brain is not clear. We examined the associations between residential long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and markers of brain aging using magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods—

Framingham Offspring Study participants who attended the seventh examination were at least 60 years old and free of dementia and stroke were included. We evaluated associations between exposures (fine particulate matter [PM
2.5
] and residential proximity to major roadways) and measures of total cerebral brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensity volume (log-transformed and extensive white matter hyperintensity volume for age), and covert brain infarcts. Models were adjusted for age, clinical covariates, indicators of socioeconomic position, and temporal trends.

Results—

A 2-μg/m
3
increase in PM
2.5
was associated with −0.32% (95% confidence interval, −0.59 to −0.05) smaller total cerebral brain volume and 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.10 to 1.94) higher odds of covert brain infarcts. Living further away from a major roadway was associated with 0.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.19) greater log-transformed white matter hyperintensity volume for an interquartile range difference in distance, but no clear pattern of association was observed for extensive white matter.

Conclusions—

Exposure to elevated levels of PM
2.5
was associated with smaller total cerebral brain volume, a marker of age-associated brain atrophy, and with higher odds of covert brain infarcts. These findings suggest that air pollution is associated with insidious effects on structural brain aging even in dementia- and stroke-free persons.
Patterns of Poststroke Brain Damage That Predict Speech Production Errors in Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia Dissociate
Authors: Basilakos Alexandra , Rorden Chris , Bonilha Leonardo , Moser Dana , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: April 2015

Background and Purpose—
Acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) is a motor speech disorder caused by brain damage. AOS often co-occurs with aphasia, a language disorder in which patients may also demonstrate speech production errors. The overlap of speech production deficits in both disorders has raised questions on whether AOS emerges from a unique pattern of brain damage or as a subelement of the aphasic syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether speech production errors in AOS and aphasia are associated with distinctive patterns of brain injury.

Methods—
Forty-three patients with history of a single left-hemisphere stroke underwent comprehensive speech and language testing. The AOS Rating Scale was used to rate speech errors specific to AOS versus speech errors that can also be associated with both AOS and aphasia. Localized brain damage was identified using structural magnetic resonance imaging, and voxel-based lesion-impairment mapping was used to evaluate the relationship between speech errors specific to AOS, those that can occur in AOS or aphasia, and brain damage.

Results—
The pattern of brain damage associated with AOS was most strongly associated with damage to cortical motor regions, with additional involvement of somatosensory areas. Speech production deficits that could be attributed to AOS or aphasia were associated with damage to the temporal lobe and the inferior precentral frontal regions.

Conclusions—
AOS likely occurs in conjunction with aphasia because of the proximity of the brain areas supporting speech and language, but the neurobiological substrate for each disorder differs.
Bio-management of tomato wilt complex caused by Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici
Authors: Munawar Maria , Khan Sajid Aleem , Javed Nazir , Ul Haq Imran , Gondal Amjad Shahzad 
Published: April 2015

The potential of biocontrol agentsPurpureocillium lilacinum(Paecilomyceslilacinus) andTrichodermaharzianumwas evaluated against tomato wilt complex, caused by a combination ofMeloidogyne incognitaandFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici, under both laboratory and field conditions. Biocontrol agents at spore concentration of 1 × 106spores ml−1were applied alone and in combined treatments. The results of combined application revealed maximum mortality and inhibition of hatching ofM. incognitaunderin vitroconditions. Combined application of both antagonistic fungi was found to be more effective in mycelial inhibition ofFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici. In glasshouse trials, application ofT. harzianumpromoted overall plant growth, followed by combined application ofP. lilacinumandT. harzianum; nematode development parameters and fungus damage were significantly reduced. Under field conditions, the combined application ofP. lilacinumandT. harzianumincreased the number of leaves, shoot length, shoot weight and root length, and decreased root weight, with minimum number of females and egg masses ofM. incognitaper root system and mycelia inhibition ofF. oxysporum.
A Statistical Analysis of the Effects of Vertical Wind Shear on Tropical Cyclone Intensity Change over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Yuqing , Rao Yunjie , Tan Zhe-Min , Schönemann Daria 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The effect of vertical wind shear (VWS) between different pressure levels on TC intensity change is statistically analyzed based on the best track data of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP) from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data during 1981–2013. Results show that the commonly used VWS measure between 200 and 850 hPa is less representative of the attenuating deep-layer shear effect than that between 300 and 1000 hPa. Moreover, the authors find that the low-level shear between 850 (or 700) and 1000 hPa is more negatively correlated with TC intensity change than any deep-layer shear during the active typhoon season, whereas deep-layer shear turns out to be more influential than low-level shear during the remaining less active seasons. Further analysis covering all seasons exhibits that a TC has a better chance to intensify than to decay when the deep-layer shear is lower than 7–9 m s−1 and the low-level shear is below 2.5 m s−1. The probability for TCs to intensify and undergo rapid intensification (RI) increases with decreasing VWS and increasing sea surface temperature (SST). TCs moving at slow translational speeds (less than 3 m s−1) intensify under relatively weaker VWS than TCs moving at intermediate translational speeds (3–8 m s−1). The probability of RI becomes lower than that of rapid decaying (RD) when the translational speed is larger than 8 m s−1. Most TCs tend to decay when the translational speed is larger than 12 m s−1 regardless of the shear condition.
Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with pulmonary embolism in surgical patients – a case series
Authors: Swol J , Buchwald D , Strauch J , Schildhauer TA 
Published: April 2015

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) devices maintain the circulation and oxygenation of organs during acute right ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock, bypassing the lungs. A pulmonary embolism can cause this life-threatening condition. ECLS is a considerably less invasive treatment than surgical embolectomy. Whether to bridge embolectomy or for a therapeutic purpose, ECLS is used almost exclusively following failure of all other therapeutic options. Methods: From January 1, 2008 to June 30, 2014, five patients in cardiac arrest and with diagnosed pulmonary embolism (PE) were cannulated with the ECLS system. Results: PE was diagnosed using computer tomography scanning or echocardiography. Cardiac arrest was witnessed in the hospital in all cases and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) was initiated immediately. Cannulation of the femoral vein and femoral artery was always performed under CPR conditions. Right heart failure regressed during the ECLS therapy, usually under a blood flow of 4-5 L/min after 48 hours. Three patients were weaned from ECLS and one patient became an organ donor. Finally, two of the five PE patients treated with ECLS were discharged from inpatient treatment without neurological dysfunction. The duration of ECLS therapy depends on the patient’s condition. Irreversible damage to the organs after hypoxemia limits ECLS treatment and leads to futile multiorgan failure. Hemorrhages after thrombolysis and cerebral dysfunction were further complications. Conclusions: Veno-arterial cannulation for ECLS can be feasibly achieved and should be established during active CPR for cardiac arrest. In the case of PE, the immediate diagnosis and rapid implantation of the system are decisive for therapeutic success.
The use of the 25 Sprotte needle markedly reduces post-dural puncture headache in routine neurological practice
Authors: Bertolotto Antonio , Malentacchi Maria , Capobianco Marco , di Sapio Alessia , Malucchi Simona , Motuzova Yana , Pulizzi Annalisa , Berchialla Paola , Sperli Francesca 
Published: April 2015

Objectives The objectives of this article are to test the feasibility of lumbar puncture (LP) using 25-gauge (G) needles in daily neurological practice and to compare the risk of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) with four types of needles. Methods In a prospective rater-blind study, pros and cons of four different LP needles, the 20G Quincke (20Q), 22G Sprotte (22S), 25G Whitacre (25W) and 25G Sprotte (25S), were evaluated in 394 LPs performed by seven neurologists. The neurologist performing the LP recorded the type and size of needle, intensity of pain, safety, time of the procedure and failure or success. Between five and 15 days later another neurologist, blind to the type of needle used, completed an ad-hoc questionnaire for PDPH. Results PDPH developed in 35.9% patients when using a 20Q needle, and in 12.9%, 6.8% and 1.6%, respectively, when using a 22S, 25W or 25S needle. The difference in incidence of PDPH following LP performed with the 20Q needle and the 25S or 22S was statistically significant ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively) and it approached significance when comparing the 25S and 25W ( p = 0.06). As 25W and 25S needles need CSF aspiration, LP requires more time and skill. Pain caused by LP was similar with the four needles. Conclusion The use of the 25S needle in diagnostic LP reduces the frequency and severity of PDPH.