bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of revascularization of stenotic inframalleolar lesions in chronic limb‐threatening ischemia
Authors: Suzuki Riho , Dannoura Yutaka , Makino Takao , Yokoshiki Hisashi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFor chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, revascularization has been reported for occlusions but not for stenosis in the inframalleolar (IM) lesions. We investigated the clinical outcomes of balloon dilation for stenotic IM lesions distal to the treatment target in the infrapopliteal (IP) legion.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who had chronic limb‐threatening ischemia and underwent revascularization of stenotic IM lesions distal to the target IP lesions between January 2015 and August 2022. The outcome measures were amputation‐free survival, wound healing rate, and freedom from target IM reintervention.ResultsThe 87 patients had a mean age of 72.7 ± 10.7 years and comprised 67.8% men, 74.7% with diabetes mellitus, 55.2% on dialysis, 33.3% who had Rutherford six classification. The amputation‐free survival (AFS), wound healing, and freedom from target IM reintervention rates at 1 year were 82.9%, 53.3%, and 58.4%, respectively. On Cox proportional multivariate analysis, the predictors were Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) ≥3 and diffuse stenosis in the target IM vessels for delayed wound healing and Global Limb Anatomic Staging System stage Ⅲ and ≥3 diseased IM vessels before endovascular therapy for target IM reintervention. At the time of reintervention, the lesion morphology had progressed from stenosis to occlusion in 50% of cases.ConclusionsIn patients with chronic limb‐threatening ischemia, revascularization of stenosis in IM lesions showed a high reintervention rate and progression of lesion morphology, although AFS and wound‐healing rates were acceptable.
Recognizing perforated Meckel's diverticulum: A crucial differential in acute appendicitis imitation
Authors: Shaikh Faiza Azeema , KA Dilip Vasant , Shaikh Humaira , Oduoye Malik Olatunde 
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical MessageMeckel's diverticulitis (MD) mimics acute appendicitis with right lower abdominal pain. Clinicians must consider MD in acute abdomen cases to avoid diagnostic delays. Perforated MD can lead to serious complications. Timely use of advanced imaging and surgical assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.AbstractMeckel's diverticulum (MD) is a gastrointestinal congenital anomaly that signifies a persistent remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. While frequently asymptomatic, its complications vary widely, ranging from mild and painless to potentially life‐threatening conditions. This is a case of a 4‐year‐old female patient with sudden abdominal pain and tenderness, with an elusive cause before surgery. The definitive diagnosis of a perforated MD was established during diagnostic laparoscopy due to worsening symptoms. Detecting MD and its potential complications requires a high degree of suspicion. Once recognized, prompt management is essential to prevent further complications. Although perforation is uncommon in MD, its symptoms can mimic acute appendicitis, confusing emergency settings. This article underscores the significance of diagnosing MD, despite its rarity, and emphasizes the necessity for swift treatment upon identification.
Evaluating the sintering behaviors of ceramic oxide powders processed via binder jet additive manufacturing
Authors: Jimenez Edgar Mendoza , Aman Bashu , Ehrman Olivia , Beuth Jack , Reeja‐Jayan B 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBinder jet additive manufacturing is well suited for fabricating large (order of cm) and geometrically complex ceramic preforms. However, the main challenge in producing ceramic oxide parts via binder jetting is the high‐temperature postprocess tasked with eliminating internal porosity to achieve full densities. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to produce oxide ceramic parts with desirable densities by sintering binder jetted preforms. We investigate the sintering behavior of binder jetted preforms composed of three oxide powders with distinct morphologies: ball‐milled alumina, gas‐atomized silica, and sintered‐agglomerated zirconia. We fabricate the preform samples using a commercial binder jetting system and a conventional die‐pressing technique to understand the effect of starting densities. Furthermore, we parametrize the heating profiles to understand the effect of sintering temperature, sintering duration, and heating rate on each powder's densification behavior, microstructure, and phase composition. Results show the relatively low starting densities within the binder jetted preforms caused the onset sintering temperature to be higher than what is documented in conventional sintering studies. As expected, we observed sintered densities increase with respect to sintering temperature and duration. These findings were utilized to downselect sintering parameters capable of achieving high densities (>96%). Herein, this study validates the sintering of binder jetted preforms as a suitable way to manufacture ceramic parts, regardless of powder morphologies, thereby increasing the robustness of the supply chain involved in additive manufacturing of ceramic oxides.
Elucidating the Intricate Roles of Gut and Breast Microbiomes in Breast Cancer Metastasis to the Bone
Authors: Naik Amruta , Godbole Mukul S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast cancer is the most predominant and heterogeneous cancer in women. Moreover, breast cancer has a high prevalence to metastasize to distant organs, such as the brain, lungs, and bones. Patients with breast cancer metastasis to the bones have poor overall and relapse‐free survival. Moreover, treatment using chemotherapy and immunotherapy is ineffective in preventing or reducing cancer metastasis.Recent FindingsMicroorganisms residing in the gut and breast, termed as the resident microbiome, have a significant influence on the formation and progression of breast cancer. Recent studies have identified some microorganisms that induce breast cancer metastasis to the bone. These organisms utilize multiple mechanisms, including induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, steroid hormone metabolism, immune modification, bone remodeling, and secretion of microbial products that alter tumor microenvironment, and enhance propensity of breast cancer cells to metastasize. However, their involvement makes these microorganisms suitable as novel therapeutic targets. Thus, studies are underway to prevent and reduce breast cancer metastasis to distant organs, including the bone, using chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic drugs, along with probiotics, antibiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation.ConclusionsThe present review describes association of gut and breast microbiomes with bone metastases. We have elaborated on the mechanisms utilized by breast and gut microbiomes that induce breast cancer metastasis, especially to the bone. The review also highlights the current treatment options that may target both the microbiomes for preventing or reducing breast cancer metastases. Finally, we have specified the necessity of maintaining a diverse gut microbiome to prevent dysbiosis, which otherwise may induce breast carcinogenesis and metastasis especially to the bone. The review may facilitate more detailed investigations of the causal associations between these microbiomes and bone metastases. Moreover, the potential treatment options described in the review may promote discussions and research on the modes to improve survival of patients with breast cancer by targeting the gut and breast microbiomes.
Fair XIDS: Ensuring fairness and transparency in intrusion detection models
Authors: Chinu  , Bansal Urvashi 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAn intrusion detection system (IDS) is valuable for detecting anomalies and unauthorized access to a system or network. Due to the black‐box nature of these IDS models, network experts need more trust in systems to act on alerts and transparency to understand the model's inner logic. Moreover, biased models' decisions affect the model performance and increase the false positive rates, directly affecting the model's accuracy. So, maintaining Transparency and Fairness simultaneously in IDS models is essential for accurate decision‐making. Existing methods face challenges of the tradeoff between fairness and accuracy, which also affects the reliability and robustness of the model. Motivated by these research gaps, we developed the Fair‐XIDS model. This model clarifies its internal logic with visual explanations and promotes fairness across its entire lifecycle. The Fair‐XIDS model successfully integrates complex transparency and fairness algorithms to address issues like Imbalanced datasets, algorithmic bias, and postprocessing bias with an average 85% reduction in false positive rate. To ensure reliability, the proposed model effectively mitigates the tradeoff between accuracy and fairness with an average of 90% accuracy and more than 85% fairness. The assessment results of the proposed model over diverse datasets and classifiers mark its model‐agnostic nature. Overall, the model achieves more than 85% consistency among diverse classifiers.
Strong Covalent Metal‐Ligand Interaction Enables a Fast Kinetic and Structurally Stable Na‐Ion Layered Cathode
Authors: Li Jing‐Chang , Xu Sheng , Tian Jiaming , Peng Bo , Sun Yu , Tang Jiayi , Liu Zhaoguo , Liu Yuankai , Zuo Daxian , Xu Chengrong , Rao Yuan , Deng Yu , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnionic redox chemistry has attracted increasing attention for the improvement in the reversible capacity and energy density of cathode materials in Li/Na‐ion batteries. However, adverse electrochemical behaviors, such as voltage hysteresis and sluggish kinetics resulting from weak metal‐ligand interactions, commonly occur with anionic redox reactions. Currently, the mechanistic investigation driving these issues still remains foggy. Here, we chemically designed Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 and Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2 as model cathodes to explore the covalency effects on metal‐ligand interactions during anionic redox process. Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 with strengthened covalent interaction of metal‐ligand bonds exhibits smaller voltage hysteresis and faster kinetics than Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2 during (de)sodiation process. Theoretical calculations suggest that Fe is the dominant redox‐active center in Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2, whereas the redox‐active center moves from Fe to O with the removal of Na+ in Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2. We attribute the above different redox behaviors between Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 and Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6O2 to the charge transfer kinetics from ligand to metal. Moreover, the structural stability of Na0.8Fe0.4Ti0.6S2 is enhanced by increasing the cation migration barriers through strong metal‐ligand bonds during desodiation. These insights into the originality of metal‐ligand interactions provide guidance for the design of high‐capacity and structurally stable cathode materials for Li/Na‐ion batteries.
Seasonal variation in the ranging behavior of elephants in the Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem
Authors: Kuria Loise W. , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Kinyanjui Mwangi J. , Wittemyer George , Ihwagi Festus W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAfrican savanna elephants are a highly mobile species that ranges widely across the diversity of ecosystems they inhabit. In xeric environments, elephant movement patterns are largely dictated by the availability of water and suitable forage resources, which can drive strong seasonal changes in their movement behavior. In this study, we analyzed a unique movement dataset from 43 collared elephants, collected over a period of 10 years, to assess the degree to which seasonal changes influences home range size of elephants in the semi‐arid, Laikipia‐Samburu ecosystem of northern Kenya. Auto‐correlated Kernel Density Estimation (AKDE) was used to estimate elephants' seasonal home range size. For each individual elephant, we also calculated seasonal home range shifts, as the distance between wet season home range centroids and dry season home range centroids. Core areas (50% AKDE isopleths) of all individual elephants ranged from 3 to 1743 km2 whereas total home range sizes (the 95% AKDE isopleths) ranged between 15 and 10,677 km2. Core areas and home range sizes were 67% and 61% larger, respectively, during the wet season than during the dry season. On average, the core area centroids for all elephants were 17 km away from the nearest river (range 0.2–150.3 km). Females had their core areas closer to the river than males (13.5 vs. 27.5 km). Females differed from males in their response to seasonal variation. Specifically, females tended to occupy areas farther from the river during the wet season, while males occupied areas further from the river during the dry season. Our study highlights how elephants adjust their space use seasonally, which can be incorporated into conservation area planning in the face of increased uncertainty in rainfall patterns due to climate change.
The price elasticity of heated tobacco and cigarette demand: Empirical evaluation across countries
Authors: Dauchy Estelle , Shang Ce 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe market for heated tobacco products (HTPs) has grown rapidly in recent years, and many governments have started to include HTPs in tax codes to regulate their use. Currently, the evidence on how HTP prices impact tobacco use behaviors or whether consumers consider them as economic substitutes for cigarettes is lacking. This study is the first to answer these questions with a unique database to assess the own‐ and cross‐ price elasticities of HTP and cigarette demand. We collect a unique database of quarterly retail prices and sales of heated tobacco units and comparable scale cigarettes from 2014 to 2022, available for most countries where both HTPs and cigarettes are sold, and estimate the own‐ and cross‐ price elasticities of cigarette and HTP demand using a seemingly unrelated regression model. We find that HTP demand is price elastic (i.e., sensitive to prices) and has an own‐price elasticity of −1.2 to −1.3, about four times greater than the own‐price elasticity of cigarettes, which is about −0.3. We also find that cigarettes and HTPs are weak economic substitutes: while HTP demand is responsive to higher cigarette prices, cigarette demand is not sensitive to HTP prices. Our results suggest that tax policies that increase HTP and cigarette prices simultaneously will reduce HTP consumption without increasing cigarette consumption.
Two‐dimensional finite element inverse heat transfer approach with conjugate gradient method to evaluate the energy requirement of bread under various conditions
Authors: Reddy Ravula Sudharshan , Arepally Divyasree , Datta Ashis K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDirect heat transfer problems can be solved analytically or numerically to predict the temperature profile when the thermal properties, boundary conditions, and other relevant parameters are known. Though it is common practice to measure temperature experimentally, heat transfer parameters and boundary conditions are more challenging to measure and can instead be inferred through the use of inverse heat transfer (IHT) techniques, which can be solved through optimization. In this study, the IHT method with the conjugate gradient method is used to determine the energy consumption of bread during the cooking process in a developed baking oven with and without a reflector. A complex variable differentiation method is integrated to calculate the accurate sensitivity coefficient matrix. The results demonstrated that the estimated heat flux is very close to the exact heat flux and relative error is less than measurement errors.
Clinical efficacy and computed tomography diagnostic value of bedaquiline‐containing regimens in the treatment of drug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Liu Saiduo , Ye Xinchun , Cheng Fang , Wu Kaijia , Yu Jiandan , Ning Hongye , Shi Jichan , Lu Hongzhou , Chen Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the clinical efficacy of bedaquiline‐containing regimens in the treatment of drug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and CT imaging data of patients with drug‐resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2022. According to whether the treatment regimen contained bedaquiline, the patients were divided into an observation group (bedaquiline tablets + background regimen) and a control group (background regimen). The clinical efficacy and pulmonary CT changes before and after treatment were analyzed in both groups.ResultsAfter 24 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the white blood cell count or concentrations of hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, serum albumin, or creatinine between the two groups (t = 0.71, 0.93, 0.05, 0.18, and 0.08, respectively; p > 0.05). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the sputum culture‐negative conversion rate between the two groups (χ2 = 2.67, 0.48, and 1.82, respectively; p > 0.05). At 24 weeks of treatment, the sputum culture‐negative conversion rate in the observation group reached 100%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 3.97, p < 0.05). The effective absorption rates on chest imaging in the two groups of patients at 12 weeks were 83.33% and 57.89%, respectively. At 24 weeks of treatment, the effective absorption rates were 88.00% and 65.85% in the two groups, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 3.98; p < 0.05). There were significant differences in cavity absorption at 24 weeks (χ2 = 4.33, p < 0.05) and 48 weeks after treatment (χ2 = 10.63, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe addition of bedaquiline to the background regimen improved the sputum culture‐negative conversion rate and chest imaging effective rate. Patients achieved good results at the end of the 24‐week treatment period.
Zinc–air batteries can fulfill diversified application scenarios
Authors: Zhao Chang‐Xin , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZinc–air batteries have been laying in the laboratory for decades of years, enjoying the low‐current density galvanostatic cycling test at comfortable room temperatures, almost forgetting their identity as the practical batteries. The best way to revive and reinvigorate zinc–air batteries is through career planning, particularly by analyzing their advantages and disadvantages and identifying their potential applications. This will help to chart a course for the future. Building on its unique advantages of utilizing aqueous electrolyte, being low‐cost, and having high environmental adaptability, we have proposed a clear career plan with a focus on wearable devices, extreme temperatures, and marine applications. In this review, we discuss the inherent advantages, current advances, and future direction, intending to remind the battery that the Zn–air battery is intended for practical use to fulfill diverse scenarios.
GNN‐DDAS: Drug discovery for identifying anti‐schistosome small molecules based on graph neural network
Authors: Zeng Xin , Feng Peng‐Kun , Li Shu‐Juan , Lv Shuang‐Qing , Wen Meng‐Liang , Li Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSchistosomiasis is a tropical disease that poses a significant risk to hundreds of millions of people, yet often goes unnoticed. While praziquantel, a widely used anti‐schistosome drug, has a low cost and a high cure rate, it has several drawbacks. These include ineffectiveness against schistosome larvae, reduced efficacy in young children, and emerging drug resistance. Discovering new and active anti‐schistosome small molecules is therefore critical, but this process presents the challenge of low accuracy in computer‐aided methods. To address this issue, we proposed GNN‐DDAS, a novel deep learning framework based on graph neural networks (GNN), designed for drug discovery to identify active anti‐schistosome (DDAS) small molecules. Initially, a multi‐layer perceptron was used to derive sequence features from various representations of small molecule SMILES. Next, GNN was employed to extract structural features from molecular graphs. Finally, the extracted sequence and structural features were then concatenated and fed into a fully connected network to predict active anti‐schistosome small molecules. Experimental results showed that GNN‐DDAS exhibited superior performance compared to the benchmark methods on both benchmark and real‐world application datasets. Additionally, the use of GNNExplainer model allowed us to analyze the key substructure features of small molecules, providing insight into the effectiveness of GNN‐DDAS. Overall, GNN‐DDAS provided a promising solution for discovering new and active anti‐schistosome small molecules.
Sulfide release and rebinding in the mechanism for nitrogenase
Authors: Siegbahn Per E. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNitrogenases are the only enzymes that activate the strong triple bond in N2. The mechanism for the activation has been very difficult to determine in spite of decades of work. In previous modeling studies it has been suggested that the mechanism for nitrogen activation starts out by four pre‐activation steps (A0–A4) before catalysis. That suggestion led to excellent agreement with experimental Elecrtron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) observations in the step where N2 becomes protonated (E4). An important part of the pre‐activation is that a sulfide is released. In the present paper, the details of the pre‐activation are modeled, including the release of the sulfide. Several possible transition states for the release have been obtained. An A4(E0) state is reached which is very similar to the E4 state. For completeness, the steps going back from A4(E0) to A0 after catalysis are also modeled, including the insertion of a sulfide.
Passing tests and using one's attitude to help patients overcome their pathogenic feelings of guilt and shame
Authors: Gazzillo Francesco , Kealy David , Fiorenza Eleonora , Rodini Marta 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGuilt and shame are emotions that, albeit subjectively negative, help humans adapt to their social environment. However, in some cases, there are pathogenic beliefs, shaped over the lifespan that sustain them and make them a source of psychopathological suffering. In this paper we will first briefly show how Control‐Mastery Theory (CMT) considers several types of pathogenic beliefs shaped by traumatic experiences that underly chronic feelings of guilt and shame. We then focus on a clinical case of Livia, a 28 year‐old woman with relational and academic problems suffering mainly from two such types of pathogenic beliefs: burdening guilt and disloyalty guilt. We describe how a) Livia was driven by adverse and traumatic experiences to form some of these pathogenic beliefs, b) how she tested the therapist in order to discover whether he would disconfirm these beliefs, and c) how the therapist was able to successfully pass these tests and provide her with new and healthier interpersonal experiences. The case of Livia will highlight therapists' ability to accurately formulate patients' goals, pathogenic beliefs—including types of guilt‐ and shame‐related beliefs—and traumas. Moreover, the case will illustrate how therapists can pass patients' tests and adopt the right attitude to help patients disprove their pathogenic beliefs and overcome problematic experiences of guilt and shame.