bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular therapy in 201 patients with acute symptomatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery
Authors: Fischer U. , Mono M.‐L. , Schroth G. , Jung S. , Mordasini P. , El‐Koussy M. , Weck A. , Brekenfeld C. , Findling O. , Galimanis A. , Heldner M. R. , Arnold M. , Mattle H. P. , Gralla J. 
Published: February 2013

Background and purposeEndovascular therapy is used increasingly for treatment of acute symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, although randomized trials are lacking. Predictors of outcome are therefore of special interest.MethodsFrom 1992 to 2010 we treated 201 patients with acute ICA occlusion with intra‐arterial pharmacological thrombolysis (32), endovascular mechanical therapy (78) or a combination of both (91). All data were assessed prospectively.ResultsThere were 76/38% patients with tandem occlusions [ICA plus middle (MCA) or anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)], 18/9% without concomitant occlusions of major intracranial arteries (ICA plus branch occlusion) and 107/53% with functional ICA‐T occlusions (ICA plus MCA and ACA). Median baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 17. Good recanalization (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 2–3) was achieved in (157/201) 78% patients and good reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2–3) in (151/182) 83%. Better recanalization rates were obtained with mechanical approaches, with/without thrombolytics (78/91 = 86% and 64/78 = 82%) compared with pharmacological thrombolysis only (15/32 = 47%; P < 0.001). Twelve patients (6%) suffered symptomatic intracranial haemorrhages. The 3‐month outcome was favourable [modified Rankin score (mRS) 0–2] in 54/28% patients and moderate (mRS 0–3) in 90/46%; 60/31% patients died. Only 17/16% patients with functional ICA‐T occlusions had favourable outcomes compared with 32/44% with tandem occlusions and 5/31% with ICA plus cerebral branch occlusions (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis age [odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93–0.98], NIHSS on admission (OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.83–0.98) and functional ICA‐T occlusion (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.16–0.77) were non‐modifiable predictors, and vessel recanalization was the only modifiable predictor of outcome (OR = 9.30, 95% CI = 2.03–42.63).ConclusionsThe outcome of acute symptomatic ICA occlusion is poor. However, recanalization is associated with better outcome, and recanalization rates with mechanical techniques were superior to merely pharmacological recanalization attempts.
Stroke recurrence patterns are predicted by the subtypes and mechanisms of the past, non‐cardiogenic stroke
Authors: Yoon Y. , Lee D. H. , Kang D. W. , Kwon S. U. , Suh D. C. , Bang O. Y. , Kim J. S. 
Published: February 2013

Background and purposeThe association between past stroke subtypes and recurrent stroke subtypes in non‐cardiogenic stroke remains unknown.MethodsPatients with ischaemic stroke who had a past history of large‐artery disease (LAD) or small‐artery disease (SAD) subtypes were assessed. LAD was subdivided into intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) and extracranial atherosclerosis (ECAS). LAD stroke mechanisms were categorized as artery‐to‐artery embolism, in situ thrombotic occlusion and local branch occlusion, while SAD was subdivided into lacunar infarction (LI) and branch atheromatous disease (BAD) on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging findings. The relationship between past and current strokes was analyzed.ResultsAmong the 202 patients enrolled, the LAD group (n = 111) had 64 and 47 patients with ICAS and ECAS, and the SAD group (n = 91) had 63 and 28 patients with LI and BAD, respectively, at the time of past stroke. Patients with LAD developed LAD‐associated strokes most often (n = 99, 89.2%), and patients with SAD developed SAD most often (n = 69, 75.8%; P < 0.001). Patients with ICAS were more likely to develop ICAS later (n = 46, 79.3%), whereas those with ECAS developed ECAS more often (n = 31, 75.6%; P < 0.001). Patients with ICAS presenting with artery‐to‐artery embolism more often developed artery‐to‐artery embolism later (n = 26, 72.2%), whereas those with local branch occlusion developed recurrent local branch occlusion most often (n = 10, 66.7%, P = 0.005). In the SAD group, patients with BAD developed LAD more frequently than the LI group (n = 11, 39.3% vs. n = 9, 14.3%, P = 0.022).ConclusionsThe subtypes and mechanisms of recurrent stroke are significantly influenced by those of the past stroke.
Association between multiple sclerosis and chronic periodontitis: a population‐based pilot study
Authors: Sheu J.‐J. , Lin H.‐C. 
Published: February 2013

Background and purposeThe pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still not fully understood, but multiple infections are known to be crucial in the development of the disease. Periodontitis caused by periodontopathic polymicrobial infections is among the most common chronic infectious disorders. This case–control study aimed to investigate the association between chronic periodontitis (CP) and MS using a population‐based dataset in Taiwan.MethodsThis study included 316 cases who had a diagnosis of MS and 1580 randomly selected controls. We performed conditional logistic regressions to investigate the association between MS and having been previously diagnosed with CP.ResultsThe results reveal that the prevalence of earlier CP was 25.6% and 15.4% for cases and controls, respectively (P < 0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that cases were 1.86 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39–2.48] times as likely as controls to have been previously diagnosed with CP, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics as well as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, alcohol abuse/alcohol‐dependence syndrome, tobacco use disorder and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After analyzing by gender, it was realized that while female cases had a higher chance than female controls of having earlier CP (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.49–2.95), there was no statistical association detected between these two conditions in men.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for an association between CP and MS in female, but not male, subjects. Further epidemiological studies are needed to confirm the association and gender‐specific differences found in the present study.
Acute cerebral microbleeds in refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Jeon Sang‐Beom , Parikh Gunjan , Alex Choi H. , Lee Kiwon , Lee Jong Hwan , Schmidt J. Michael , Badjatia Neeraj , Mayer Stephan A. , Claassen Jan 
Published: February 2013

SummaryCerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are commonly found in patients with stroke and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. However, there have been no reports of CMBs or their acute appearance in patients with status epilepticus. Herein we describe two patients with refractory status epilepticus of uncertain origin. Both patients were previously healthy, and their initial imaging showed no underlying CMBs. One patient's follow‐up susceptibility‐weighted imaging 29 days after initial imaging showed 63 new CMBs. The other patient's follow‐up susceptibility‐weighted imaging 41 days after initial imaging showed 14 new CMBs. Multimodal neuromonitoring revealed increase in lactate–pyruvate ratio, decrease in partial brain tissue oxygen tension, increase in pressure reactivity index, and fluctuations of blood pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. This report demonstrates that multiple new CMBs may develop in patients with refractory status epilepticus (SE).
FDG‐PET and magnetoencephalography in presurgical workup of children with localization‐related nonlesional epilepsy
Authors: Widjaja Elysa , Shammas Amer , Vali Reza , Otsubo Hiroshi , Ochi Ayako , Snead O. Carter , Go Cristina , Charron Martin 
Published: February 2013

SummaryPurpose2‐[18F]Fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) may assist in identifying the epileptogenic zone in children with nonlesional localization‐related epilepsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of FDG‐PET, MEG, FDG‐PET + MEG, and FDG‐PET/MEG in children with nonlesional localization‐related epilepsy.MethodsTwenty‐six children with localization‐related epilepsy and who had normal or subtle changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underwent FDG‐PET and MEG. Twenty‐two patients had surgical resection, and surgical outcome was assessed using Engel classification. In patients with Engel I seizure outcome, we assessed the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of lobar localization of MEG, FDG‐PET, FDG‐PET + MEG, and FDG‐PET/MEG.Key FindingsSixteen (72.7%) of 22 had Engel I seizure outcome. MEG was concordant with surgical resection in 18 patients, 14 had Engel I, and four had Engel II–IV outcomes. MEG was nonlocalizing or nonconcordant in four patients; two patients had Engel I and two had Engel II–IV outcomes. FDG‐PET was concordant with surgical resection in 14 patients; 9 had Engel I outcome, and 5 had Engel II–IV outcome. FDG‐PET was nonlocalizing or nonconcordant in seven patients with Engel I, and one with Engel III outcome. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of MEG were 85.0%, 99.1%, 94.4%, and 97.3%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of FDG‐PET were 65.0%, 94.4%, 68.4%, and 93.6%, respectively. There was no significant difference between MEG and FDG‐PET for concordance with surgical resection (χ2 = 2.794, p = 0.095). FDG‐PET + MEG, defined as two tests concordant with surgical resection, had reduced sensitivity and NPV, but increased specificity and PPV (55.0%, 92.3%, 100%, and 100%, respectively) relative to individual tests. FDG‐PET/MEG, defined as one or both test(s) concordant with surgical resection, had increased sensitivity and NPV but reduced specificity (95.0%, 99.0%, and 93.5%, respectively) relative to individual tests.SignificanceThe two tests FDG‐PET and MEG were complementary in the assessment of children with localization‐related epilepsy, particularly when one test was nonlocalizing or nonconcordant.
Variability of EEG‐fMRI findings in patients with SCN1A‐positive Dravet syndrome
Authors: Moehring Jan , von Spiczak Sarah , Moeller Friederike , Helbig Ingo , Wolff Stephan , Jansen Olav , Muhle Hiltrud , Boor Rainer , Stephani Ulrich , Siniatchkin Michael 
Published: February 2013

SummaryPurposeDravet syndrome (DS) or severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy is an intractable epileptic encephalopathy of early childhood that is caused by a mutation in the SCN1A gene in most patients. The aim of this study was to identify a syndrome‐specific epileptic network underlying interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in patients with DS.MethodsTen patients with the diagnosis of DS associated with mutations in the SCN1A gene were investigated using simultaneous recording of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging ((EEG‐fMRI). Time series of IEDs were used as regressors for the statistical fMRI analysis.Key FindingsIn nine patients with DS, individual blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) signal changes were seen. In three patients the thalamus was involved. Furthermore, regions of the default mode network were activated in seven patients. However, a common activation pattern associated with IEDs could not be detected.SignificanceThe study demonstrates that, despite a common genetic etiology in DS, different neuronal networks underlie the individual IEDs.
Detection of generalized tonic–clonic seizures by a wireless wrist accelerometer: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Beniczky Sándor , Polster Tilman , Kjaer Troels W. , Hjalgrim Helle 
Published: February 2013

SummaryOur objective was to assess the clinical reliability of a wrist‐worn, wireless accelerometer sensor for detecting generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCS). Seventy‐three consecutive patients (age 6–68 years; median 37 years) at risk of having GTCS and who were admitted to the long‐term video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring unit (LTM) were recruited in three centers. The reference standard was considered the seizure time points identified by experienced clinical neurophysiologists, based on the video‐EEG recordings and blinded to the accelerometer sensor data. Seizure time points detected real‐time by the sensor were compared with the reference standard. Patients were monitored for 17–171 h (mean 66.8; total 4,878). Thirty‐nine GTCS were recorded in 20 patients. The device detected 35 seizures (89.7%). In 16 patients all seizures were detected. In three patients more than two thirds of the seizures were detected. The mean of the sensitivity calculated for each patient was 91%. The mean detection latency measured from the start of the focal seizure preceding the secondarily GTCS was 55 s (95% confidence interval [CI] 38–73 s). The rate of false alarms was 0.2/day. Our results suggest that the wireless wrist accelerometer sensor detects GTCS with high sensitivity and specificity. Patients with GTCS have an increased risk for injuries related to seizures and for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and many nocturnal seizures remain undetected in unattended patients. A portable automatic seizure detection device will be an important tool for helping these patients.
Divergent effects of the T1174S SCN1A mutation associated with seizures and hemiplegic migraine
Authors: Cestèle Sandrine , Labate Angelo , Rusconi Raffaella , Tarantino Patrizia , Mumoli Laura , Franceschetti Silvana , Annesi Grazia , Mantegazza Massimo , Gambardella Antonio 
Published: February 2013

SummaryPurposeTo report the identification of the T1174S SCN1A (NaV1.1) mutation in a three‐generation family with both epileptic and familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) phenotypes and clarify the pathomechanism.MethodsThe five affected individuals underwent detailed clinical analyses. Mutation analyses was performed by direct sequencing of SCN1A; functional studies by expression in tsA‐201 cells. A computational model was used to compare the effects of T1174S with those of a typical FHM mutation (Q1489K).Key FindingsThe proband had benign occipital epilepsy (BOE); two relatives had simple febrile seizures (FS) and later developed BOE. Two additional relatives had FHM without epilepsy or FS. All affected members and one obliged carrier carried the T1174S mutation. Functional effects were divergent: positive shift of the activation curve and deceleration of recovery from fast inactivation, consistent with loss of function, and increase of persistent current (INaP), consistent with gain of function. The INaP increase was inhibited by dialysis of the cytoplasm, consistent with a modulation. Therefore, as shown by the computational model, T1174S could in some conditions induce overall loss of function, and in others gain of function; Q1489K induced gain of function in all the conditions.SignificanceModulation of the properties of T1174S can lead to a switch between overall gain and loss of function, consistent with a switch between promigraine end epileptogenic effect and, thus, with coexistence of epileptic and FHM phenotypes in the same family. These findings may help to shed light on the complex genotype–phenotype relationship of SCN1A mutations.
The silicatein propeptide acts as inhibitor/modulator of self‐organization during spicule axial filament formation
Authors: Müller Werner E. G. , Schröder Heinz C. , Muth Sandra , Gietzen Sabine , Korzhev Michael , Grebenjuk Vlad A. , Wiens Matthias , Schloßmacher Ute , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: February 2013

Silicateins are crucial enzymes that are involved in formation of the inorganic biosilica scaffold of the spicular skeleton of siliceous sponges. We show that silicatein acquires its structure‐guiding and enzymatically active state by processing of silicatein from pro‐silicatein to the mature enzyme. A recombinant propeptide (PROP) of silicatein from the siliceous demosponge Suberites domuncula was prepared, and antibodies were raised against the peptide. In sponge tissue, these antibodies reacted with both surface structures and the central region of the spicules. Using phage display expression, spicule‐binding 12–mer peptides were identified that are rich in histidine residues. In the predicted tertiary structure of PROP, these histidine residues are only present in the α–helical region. The recombinant PROP was found to inhibit self‐assembly of silicatein molecules. By light scattering, it was shown that, in the presence of 4 m urea, the recombinant silicatein is obtained in the mono/oligomeric form with a hydrodynamic radius of 4 nm, while lower urea concentrations promote self‐aggregation and assembly of the protein. Finally, it is shown that the enzymatic activity of silicatein is abolished by PROP in silicatein samples that predominantly contain mono‐ or oligomeric silicatein particles, but the enzyme is not affected if present in the filamentous aggregated form. It is concluded that the functions of silicatein, acting as a structural template for its biosilica product and as an enzyme, are modulated and controlled by its propeptide.Structured digital abstract
alpha‐silicatein and alpha‐silicatein bind by transmission electron microscopy (View interaction)[Structured digital abstract was added on 27 March 2013 after original online publication]
Upregulated H19 contributes to bladder cancer cell proliferation by regulating ID2 expression
Authors: Luo Ming , Li Zuowei , Wang Wei , Zeng Yigang , Liu Zhihong , Qiu Jianxin 
Published: February 2013

Long noncoding RNAs have been shown to have important regulatory roles in cancer biology, and long noncoding RNA 19 (H19) is essential for human tumor growth. However, little is known about how abnormal expression of H19 contributes to bladder cancer cell proliferation. In this study, we first evaluated the expression of H19 in bladder cancer tissues by real‐time PCR, and defined the biological functions. We found that H19 expression levels were remarkably increased in bladder cancer tissues as compared with adjacent normal control tissue, and forced expression of H19 promoted bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (ID2) expression levels were upregulated in bladder cancer tissues and in bladder cancer cells. A significant positive correlation was observed between H19 levels and ID2 levels in vivo. We further demonstrated that overexpression of H19 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of ID2, whereas H19 knockdown decreased ID2 expression in vitro. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies demonstrated that upregulated H19 increased bladder cancer cell proliferation by increasing ID2 expression. In conclusion, upregulated H19 increases bladder cancer growth by regulating ID2 expression, and thus may be helpful in the development of effective treatment strategies for bladder cancer.Structured digital abstract

TfR1-Cp and TfR1-Cp bind by comigration in gel electrophoresis (View interaction)

HSA and TfR1-Cp bind by comigration in gel electrophoresis (View interaction)

SPPL2B and TfR1-NTF colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

SPPL2A and TfR1-NTF colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

HSA binds to TfR1-Cp by pull down (View interaction)

TfR1-Cp and TfR1-Cp bind by comigration in gel electrophoresis (View interaction)
Future carbon dioxide concentration decreases canopy evapotranspiration and soil water depletion by field‐grown maize
Authors: Hussain Mir Zaman , VanLoocke Andy , Siebers Matthew H. , Ruiz‐Vera Ursula M. , Cody Markelz R. J. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Ort Donald R. , Bernacchi Carl J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMaize, in rotation with soybean, forms the largest continuous ecosystem in temperateNorthAmerica, therefore changes to the biosphere‐atmosphere exchange of water vapor and energy of these crops are likely to have an impact on theMidwesternUSclimate and hydrological cycle. As a C4crop, maize photosynthesis is alreadyCO2‐saturated at currentCO2concentrations ([CO2]) and the primary response of maize to elevated [CO2] is decreased stomatal conductance (gs). If maize photosynthesis is not stimulated in elevated [CO2], then reducedgsis not offset by greater canopy leaf area, which could potentially result in a greaterETreduction relative to that previously reported in soybean, a C3species. The objective of this study is to quantify the impact of elevated [CO2] on canopy energy and water fluxes of maize (Zea mays). Maize was grown under ambient and elevated [CO2] (550 μmol mol−1during 2004 and 2006 and 585 μmol mol−1during 2010) using Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) technology at the SoyFACEfacility inUrbana,Illinois. MaizeETwas determined using a residual energy balance approach based on measurements of sensible (H) and soil heat fluxes, and net radiation. Relative to control, elevated [CO2] decreased maizeET(7–11%;P < 0.01) along with lesser soil moisture depletion, whileHincreased (25–30 W m−2;P < 0.01) along with higher canopy temperature (0.5–0.6 °C). This reduction in maizeETin elevated [CO2] is approximately half that previously reported for soybean. A partitioning analysis showed that transpiration contributed less to totalETfor maize compared to soybean, indicating a smaller role of stomata in dictating theETresponse to elevated [CO2]. Nonetheless, both maize and soybean had significantly decreasedETand increasedH, highlighting the critical role of elevated [CO2] in altering future hydrology and climate of the region that is extensively cropped with these species.
Climate warming alters effects of management on population viability of threatened species: results from a 30‐year experimental study on a rare orchid
Authors: Sletvold Nina , Dahlgren Johan P. , Øien Dag‐Inge , Moen Asbjørn , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractClimate change is expected to influence the viability of populations both directly and indirectly, via species interactions. The effects of large‐scale climate change are also likely to interact with local habitat conditions. Management actions designed to preserve threatened species therefore need to adapt both to the prevailing climate and local conditions. Yet, few studies have separated the direct and indirect effects of climatic variables on the viability of local populations and discussed the implications for optimal management. We used 30 years of demographic data to estimate the simultaneous effects of management practice and among‐year variation in four climatic variables on individual survival, growth and fecundity in one coastal and one inland population of the perennial orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica in Norway. Current management, mowing, is expected to reduce competitive interactions. Statistical models of how climate and management practice influenced vital rates were incorporated into matrix population models to quantify effects on population growth rate. Effects of climate differed between mown and control plots in both populations. In particular, population growth rate increased more strongly with summer temperature in mown plots than in control plots. Population growth rate declined with spring temperature in the inland population, and with precipitation in the coastal population, and the decline was stronger in control plots in both populations. These results illustrate that both direct and indirect effects of climate change are important for population viability and that net effects depend both on local abiotic conditions and on biotic conditions in terms of management practice and intensity of competition. The results also show that effects of management practices influencing competitive interactions can strongly depend on climatic factors. We conclude that interactions between climate and management should be considered to reliably predict future population viability and optimize conservation actions.