bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LUMBER YELD IN FUNCTION OF DIAMETER CLASSES AND QUALITY STANDARDS OF LOGS
Authors: Silva Cícero Ramos Pereira da , Latorraca João Vicente Figueiredo , Carmo Jair Figueiredo , Mojena Pastor Amador 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine and evaluate the yield of four (4) diameter classes in function of quality of logs, in logwood processing of Cedrinho (Erisma uncinatumWarm.). 20 logs of four diameter classes between 46 and 85 cm were selected and classified in terms of quality, being 5 logs for each diameter class. Diameter class I resulted in the lowest yield and diameter class III showed the highest yield. Yield increased according to the diameter of the logs in classes I, II and III. Class IV logs with larger diameters had quality defects such as cracks and internal flaws, causing a small yield drop. It could be concluded that there was a correlation between diameter and yield.Keywords: Mato Grosso; sawmill; native wood; correlation. ResumoRendimento de madeira serrada em função de classes diamétricas e padrões de qualidade da tora. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar e avaliar o rendimento em diferentes classes diamétricas em função da qualidade das toras no desdobro do Cedrinho (Erisma uncinatum Warm.). Foram selecionadas e classificadas quanto à qualidade 20 toras em quatro classes diamétricas, entre 46 e 85 cm, sendo cinco toras para cada classe diamétrica. A classe diamétrica I apresentou o menor rendimento e a classe diamétricaIII apresentou o maior. O rendimento aumentou de acordo com o diâmetro das toras na classe I, II e III. As toras da classe IV, com maiores diâmetros, apresentaram baixa qualidade, com defeitos como rachaduras e falhas internas, causando uma pequena queda no rendimento. Pode-se dizer que existe uma correlação entre diâmetro e rendimento. Palavras-chave: Mato Grosso; serraria; madeira nativa; correlação.
INVENTÁRIO DE CARBONO EM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA POR DETECÇÃO REMOTA
Authors: Cassol Henrique Luis Godinho , Saldanha Dejanira Luderitz , Kuplich Tatiana Mora 
Published: January 2015

O trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar o carbono de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista utilizando dados provenientes de sensores de média resolução espacial. Uma cena dos sensores ASTER, LISS e TM foi empregada na obtenção dos dados radiométricos (espectrais), e os dados de biomassa e carbono (biofísicos) foram oriundos de parcelas de inventário florestal contínuo em São João do Triunfo, PR. A metodologia consistiu em estabelecer a relação empírica entre esses conjuntos de dados por meio de equações lineares de regressão. À exceção do sensor TM, que apresentou resultado insatisfatório, o uso dos dados oriundos dos sensores LISS e ASTER foi adequado para se inventariar o carbono florestal por detecção remota, com erros inferiores aos estabelecidos nas campanhas de inventários tradicionais (α < 0,05).Palavras-chave: Estoque de carbono; sensoriamento remoto; ASTER; TM; LISS. AbstractCarbon inventory in a fragment of Mixed Ombrophylous Forest by remote sensing. The research aims to make inventory of carbon of a fragment of Araucaria Forest using data from medium spatial resolution sensors. Satellite data from ASTER, TM and LISS were used to obtain the radiometric data. The above ground biomass and carbon data (biophysical data) were derived from the continuous forest inventory located in São João do Triunfo, PR. The methodology consisted of establishing the empirical relationship between spectral and biophysical data sets using linear regression. Except for the TM data, which showed unsatisfactory results, the use of ASTER and LISS satellite data was suited to forest carbon inventory by remote sensing, with errors lower than those set in traditional inventory campaigns (α < 0,05).Keywords: Carbon stock; remote sensing; ASTER; TM; LISS.
GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Vochysia bifalcata EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E TEMPERATURAS
Authors: Rickli Helena Cristina , Nogueira Antonio Carlos , Soares Koehler Henrique , Zuffellato-Ribas Katia Christina 
Published: January 2015

Guaricica (Vochysia bifalcata) é uma espécie arbórea nativa do Brasil, presente na vegetação secundária da Floresta Ombrófila Densa dos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais, sendo de grande importância na regeneração de áreas degradadas e para fins madeireiros. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 °C) e substratos (rolo de papel, papel mata-borrão e vermiculita) na germinação de sementes de Vochysia bifalcata, as quais foram mantidas em germinadores sob luz constante. Foram realizadas avaliações diárias até o 20° dia após a semeadura, analisando-se as seguintes variáveis porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e índice de sincronização. A temperatura de 25 °C, nos substratos papel mata-borrão e vermiculita apresentaram a maior germinação (70 e 73%, respectivamente) e maior índice de velocidade de germinação, porém com menor sincronismo. Assim, para o teste de germinação de guaricica, é recomendado o uso dos substratos papel mata-borrão ou vermiculita na temperatura de 25 °C.Palavras-chave: Vochysiaceae; guaricica; índice de sincronização; índice de velocidade de germinação. AbstractGermination of Vochysia bifalcata under different substrates and temperatures. Guaricica (Vochysia bifalcata) is a native Brazilian tree species, present in the secondary vegetation of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest in the States of Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais. It is of great importance in degraded areas regeneration and for timber production. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different temperatures (20, 25 and 30 ºC) and substrates (paper roll, blotting paper and vermiculite) during the germination of Vochysia bifalcata seeds. We conducted germination tests inside germination chambers under constant illumination. Until the 20th day after the installation, daily evaluations analyzed the following variables: germination percentage, germination speed index, average germination time, and synchronization index. The temperature of 25 °C in blotting paper and vermiculite substrate presented the highest germination (70 and 73%, respectively) and highest germination speed index, but with less synchronism. Therefore, it recommends use of blotting paper and vermiculite as substrates in a temperature of 25 ºC for the Vochysia bifalcata germination test.Keywords: Vochysiaceae; guaricica; index synchronization; germination speed index
PERFORMANCE OF TWO TYPES OF CEMENT IN PRODUCTION OF CEMENT BONDED WOOD PANELS COMBINED WITH RICE HULL
Authors: Azambuja Rafael Da Rosa , Lilge Daniela Silva , Santini Elio José , Haselein Clovis Roberto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPERFORMANCE OF TWO TYPES OF CEMENT IN PRODUCTION OF CEMENT BONDED WOOD PANELS COMBINED WITH RICE HULLThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two types of cement in the manufacturing of cement bonded wood panels with addition of rice hull. Sealers used were cement V-ARI (CP V) and cement Portland IV, pozzolanic (CP IV). Proportions adopted in the composition of panels were 0, 50 and 100 % rice hulls combined with 100, 50 and 0% of wood particles. Species used in this study were Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii. Parameters considered to evaluate panels were the mechanical properties. CP IV did not cure with the addition of pine particles in any proportion. The values of modulus of rupture (MOR) were higher with CP IV, but with the addition of rice hulls they decreased. CP V shoved higher internal bond strength in all proportions studied. Addition of rice hulls decreased all the mechanical properties studied in this work, therefore its use in cement bonded wood panels must be controlled, larger quantities than 50% of total vegetal mass weight are not recommended. Using Bison process as a reference, CP IV presented the necessary requirements to be used in cement bonded wood panels.Keywords: Eucalyptus grandis; CP IV; CP V-ARI; agricultural waste. ResumoDesempenho de dois tipos de cimentos na produção de painéis cimento madeira combinados com casca de arroz. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de dois tipos de cimento na manufatura de painéis cimento madeira com adição de casca de arroz. Os cimentos avaliados foram o cimento Portland V - ARI (CP V) e o cimento Portland IV, pozolânico (CP IV). As proporções usadas na composição dos painéis foram de 0, 50 e 100% de casca de arroz combinadas com 100, 50 e 0% de partículas de madeira, sendo as espécies utilizadas Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus elliottii. Os parâmetros utilizados para avaliar os painéis foram as propriedades mecânicas. O CP IV não foi capaz de curar com a adição das partículas de pinus em nenhuma proporção. Os valores de módulo de ruptura (MOR) foram maiores com o CP IV, porém com adição de casca de arroz estes foram decrescendo. O CP V apresentou maiores valores de ligação interna para todas as proporções estudadas. A adição da casca de arroz diminuiu todas as propriedades estudadas neste trabalho portanto a sua utilização em painéis cimento madeira deve ser controladas e não aconselhadas em quantidades maiores que 50% do peso da massa vegetal utilizada. Usando o processo Bison como referência, o CP IV apresentou os requerimentos necessários para uso como painéis cimento madeira.Palavras-chave: Eucalyptus grandis; CP IV; CP V-ARI; resíduo agrícola.
Manifestation of anxiety and depression and their association with cardiovascular diseases in the Lithuanian population
Authors: Burokienė Neringa , Karčiauskaitė Dovilė , Kasiulevičius Vytautas , Kučinskas Vaidutis , Kučinskienė Zita Aušrelė 
Published: January 2015

Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Lithuania. The key modifiable factors identified for CVD prevention include lifestyle and behavior factors (e. g. diet, body weight, physical activity, cigarette smoking), and health risk factors (e. g. hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, etc.), also anxiety and depression are considered as potentially modifiable CVD risk factors as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between psychosocial stress, manifested as anxiety and depression, and CVD.
Material and methods. 317 individuals (155 men and 162 women) aged 40–85 years were randomly selected from primary care centers in 20 cities of Lithuania. Individuals were interviewed using the validated questionnaire comprising nutritional habits, family history and lifestyle factors. Psychosocial stress was evaluated using the HAD scale. Serum concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-Ch, LDL-Ch, triglycerides were measured.
Results. In 103 individuals (32.5%) the symptoms of clinical anxiety were found (HAD score was 8 points and above according to the anxiety scale). 43 individuals (13.6%) had symptoms of clinical depression (HAD score reached 8 points and above according to the depression scale). The median of depression symptoms was significantly different between men and women (p
Systematic analysis of occurrence of equatorial noise emissions using 10 years of data from the Cluster mission
Authors: Hrbáčková Z. , Santolík O. , Němec F. , Macúšová E. , Cornilleau‐Wehrlin N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report results of a systematic analysis of equatorial noise (EN) emissions which are also known as fast magnetosonic waves. EN occurs in the vicinity of the geomagnetic equator at frequencies between the local proton cyclotron frequency and the lower hybrid frequency. Our analysis is based on the data collected by the Spatio‐Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations–Spectrum Analyzer instruments on board the four Cluster spacecraft. The data set covers the period from January 2001 to December 2010. We have developed selection criteria for the visual identification of these emissions, and we have compiled a list of more than 2000 events identified during the analyzed time period. The evolution of the Cluster orbit enables us to investigate a large range of McIlwain's parameter from about L∼1.1 to L∼10. We demonstrate that EN can occur at almost all analyzed L shells. However, the occurrence rate is very low (<6%) at L shells below L=2.5 and above L=8.5. EN mostly occurs between L=3 and L=5.5, and within 7° of the geomagnetic equator, reaching 40% occurrence rate. This rate further increases to more than 60% under geomagnetically disturbed conditions. Analysis of occurrence rates as a function of magnetic local time (MLT) shows strong variations outside of the plasmasphere (with a peak around 15 MLT), while the occurrence rate inside the plasmasphere is almost independent on MLT. This is consistent with the hypothesis that EN is generated in the afternoon sector of the plasmapause region and propagates both inward and outward.
Nonlinear kinetic Alfvén waves with non‐Maxwellian electron population in space plasmas
Authors: Masood W. , Qureshi M. N. S. , Yoon P. H. , Shah H. A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe present work discusses the effects of non‐Maxwellian electron distributions on kinetic Alfvén waves in low‐beta plasmas. Making use of the two‐potential theory and employing the Sagdeev potential approach, the existence of solitary kinetic Alfvén waves having arbitrary amplitude is investigated. It is found that the use of non‐Maxwellian population of electrons in the study of kinetic Alfvén waves leads to solutions corresponding to solitary structures that do not exist for Maxwellian electrons. The present investigation solves the riddle of plasma density fluctuations associated with strong electromagnetic perturbations observed by the Freja satellite. The present findings can also be applied to regions of space where various satellite missions have observed the presence of suprathermal populations of plasma species and where the low β assumption is valid.
Electron precipitation models in global magnetosphere simulations
Authors: Zhang B. , Lotko W. , Brambles O. , Wiltberger M. , Lyon J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGeneral methods for improving the specification of electron precipitation in global simulations are described and implemented in the Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (LFM) global simulation model, and the quality of its predictions for precipitation is assessed. LFM's existing diffuse and monoenergetic electron precipitation models are improved, and new models are developed for lower energy, broadband, and direct‐entry cusp precipitation. The LFM simulation results for combined diffuse plus monoenergetic electron precipitation exhibit a quadratic increase in the hemispheric precipitation power as the intensity of solar wind driving increases, in contrast with the prediction from the OVATION Prime (OP) 2010 empirical precipitation model which increases linearly with driving intensity. Broadband precipitation power increases approximately linearly with driving intensity in both models. Comparisons of LFM and OP predictions with estimates of precipitating power derived from inversions of Polar satellite UVI images during a double substorm event (28–29 March 1998) show that the LFM peak precipitating power is >4× larger when using the improved precipitation model and most closely tracks the larger of three different inversion estimates. The OP prediction most closely tracks the double peaks in the intermediate inversion estimate, but it overestimates the precipitating power between the two substorms by a factor >2 relative to all other estimates. LFMs polar pattern of precipitating energy flux tracks that of OP for broadband precipitation exhibits good correlation with duskside region 1 currents for monoenergetic energy flux that OP misses and fails to produce sufficient diffuse precipitation power in the prenoon quadrant that is present in OP. The prenoon deficiency is most likely due to the absence of drift kinetic physics in the LFM simulation.
Can a primary remanence be retrieved from partially remagnetized Eocence volcanic rocks in the Nanmulin Basin (southern Tibet) to date the India‐Asia collision?
Authors: Huang Wentao , Dupont‐Nivet Guillaume , Lippert Peter C. , van Hinsbergen Douwe J. J. , Dekkers Mark J. , Guo Zhaojie , Waldrip Ross , Li Xiaochun , Zhang Xiaoran , Liu Dongdong , Kapp Paul 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPaleomagnetic dating of the India‐Asia collision hinges on determining the Paleogene latitude of the Lhasa terrane (southern Tibet). Reported latitudes range from 5°N to 30°N, however, leading to contrasting paleogeographic interpretations. Here we report new data from the Eocene Linzizong volcanic rocks in the Nanmulin Basin, which previously yielded data suggesting a low paleolatitude (~10°N). New zircon U‐Pb dates indicate an age of ~52 Ma. Negative fold tests, however, demonstrate that the isolated characteristic remanent magnetizations, with notably varying inclinations, are not primary. Rock magnetic analyses, end‐member modeling of isothermal remanent magnetization acquisition curves, and petrographic observations are consistent with variable degrees of posttilting remagnetization due to low‐temperature alteration of primary magmatic titanomagnetite and the formation of secondary pigmentary hematite that unblock simultaneously. Previously reported paleomagnetic data from the Nanmulin Basin implying low paleolatitude should thus not be used to estimate the time and latitude of the India‐Asia collision. We show that the paleomagnetic inclinations vary linearly with the contribution of secondary hematite to saturation isothermal remanent magnetization. We tentatively propose a new method to recover a primary remanence with inclination of 38.1° (35.7°, 40.5°) (95% significance) and a secondary remanence with inclination of 42.9° (41.5°,44.4°) (95% significance). The paleolatitude defined by the modeled primary remanence—21°N (19.8°N, 23.1°N)—is consistent with the regional compilation of published results from pristine volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks of the upper Linzizong Group corrected for inclination shallowing. The start of the Tibetan Himalaya‐Asia collision was situated at ~20°N and took place by ~50 Ma.
Characterizing horizontal variability and energy spectra in the Arctic Ocean halocline
Authors: Marcinko Charlotte L. J. , Martin Adrian P. , Allen John T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEnergy transfer from the atmosphere into the upper Arctic Ocean is expected to become more efficient as summer sea‐ice coverage decreases and multiyear ice thins due to recent atmospheric warming. However, relatively little is known about how energy is transferred within the ocean by turbulent processes from large to small scales in the presence of ice and how these pathways might change in future. This study characterizes horizontal variability in several regions of the Eurasian Arctic Ocean under differing sea‐ice conditions. Historic along track CTD data collected by a Royal Navy submarine during summer 1996 allow a unique examination of horizontal variability and associated wavenumber spectra within the Arctic Ocean halocline. Spectral analysis indicates that potential energy variance under perennial sea‐ice in the Amundsen Basin is O(100) less than within the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of Fram Strait. Spectra from all regions show a transition in scaling at wavelengths of approximately 5–7 km. At scales greater than the transition wavelength to 50 km, energy spectra are consistent with a k−3 scaling (where k is a wavenumber) and interior quasigeostrophic dynamics. The scaling of spectra at these scales is extremely similar between regions suggesting similar dynamics and energy exchange pathways. The k−3 scaling is steeper than typically found in regions of midlatitude open ocean. At scales below the transition wavelength to 300 m, spectra are close to a k−5/3 scaling or flatter, indicating a change in dynamics, which is potentially due to internal waves dominating variability at small scales.
Origins of aerosol chlorine during winter over north central Colorado, USA
Authors: Jordan C. E. , Pszenny A. A. P. , Keene W. C. , Cooper O. R. , Deegan B. , Maben J. , Routhier M. , Sander R. , Young A. H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower campaign (February–March 2011) near Boulder, Colorado, investigated nighttime ClNO2 production and processing. Virtually all particulate Cl was in the form of ionic Cl−. The size distributions of Cl− and Na+ were similar, with most of the mass in the supermicrometer size fraction, suggesting primary sources for both. Median Cl− concentrations were about half those of Na+ and Ca2+ for particle diameters centered at 1.4 and 2.5 µm. To investigate potential sources of Na+ and Cl−, four cases were studied that featured the prevalence of Na+ and Cl− and different transport pathways based on FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model (FLEXPART) retroplumes. Estimates of supermicrometer Na+ particle lifetime against deposition indicate that long‐range transport of marine aerosols could account for the observed Na+. However, measured molar ratios of Ca2+ to Na+ (0.143–0.588) compared to seawater (0.022) indicate significant contributions from crustal sources to the supermicrometer aerosol composition during these four case studies. Further, low molar ratios of Mg2+ to Na+ (0.007–0.098) relative to seawater (0.114) suggest that some of the Na+, and presumably associated Cl−, originated from non‐sea‐salt sources. The heterogeneous chemical composition of saline soils throughout the western U.S., along with the nonlinearity of wind‐driven soil deflation as a function of various surface soil properties, precludes a quantitative apportionment of soil, marine, and anthropogenic sources to the observed coarse‐fraction aerosol. Nonetheless, results suggest that deflation of saline soils was a potentially important source of particulate Cl− that sustained atmospheric ClNO2 production and associated impacts on oxidation processes over northern Colorado.
Morphometry of small recent impact craters on Mars: Size and terrain dependence, short‐term modification
Authors: Watters W. A. , Geiger L. M. , Fendrock M. , Gibson R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMost recent studies of crater morphometry on Mars have addressed large craters (D>5 km) using elevation models derived from laser altimetry. In the present work, we examine a global population of small (25 m ≤D≤5 km), relatively well‐preserved simple impact craters using HiRISE stereo‐derived elevation models. We find that scaling laws from prior studies of large simple craters generally overestimate the depth and volume at small diameters. We show that crater rim curvature exhibits a strong diameter dependence that is well‐described by scaling laws for D<1 km. Above this diameter, upper rim slopes begin to exceed typical repose angles and crater rims sharpen significantly. This transition is likely the result of gravity‐driven collapse of the upper cavity walls during crater formation or short‐term modification. In addition, we identify a tendency for small craters (D<500m) to be more conical than large craters, and we show that the average cavity cross section is well‐described by a power law with exponent ∼1.75 (neither conical nor paraboloidal). We also conduct a statistical comparison of crater subpopulations to illuminate trends with increasing modification and target strength. These results have important implications for describing the “initial condition” of simple crater shape as a function of diameter and geological setting and for understanding how impact craters are modified on the Martian surface over time.