bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of cardiac myxomas with non-contrast chest CT
Authors: Shin Wonseon , Choe Yeon Hyeon , Kim Sung Mok , Song In-Young , Kim Sam Soo 
Published: August 2013

Background Cardiac myxomas are sources of systemic embolism. Currently a large volume of chest CT and calcium-scoring CT scans are performed without contrast injection. Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic capability of non-contrast CT covering heart in detecting cardiac myxomas. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 36 non-contrast CT scans of 36 consecutive patients (16 men, 20 women) who underwent CT scan before surgery for left atrial myxomas and 20 patients without myxoma as a control group. Two independent readers who were blinded to medical information reviewed non-contrast CT scans of 36 patients with cardiac myxomas and 20 scans in the control group patients. They determined the presence of lesions suspicious of myxomas using a five-point scale. The other reader measured attenuation number in the non-calcific areas of the tumors and sizes of the masses on the non-contrast CT images. Results The average attenuation of cardiac myxoma (22.5 Hounsfield units [HU]; range, 8.9–32.9 HU) and adjacent unopacified blood (44.6 HU; range, 31.5–57 HU) were significantly different ( P < 0.001). Twelve cardiac myxomas (31.6%) had internal calcification and all of them were detected by both of readers. Cardiac myxomas were measured smaller on non-contrast CT (mean, 3.5 cm; range, 1.1–9.7 cm) than on pathologic specimens (mean, 4.1 cm, 1.4–10.0 cm) ( P < 0.001). Considering grade 3–5 on a five-grade scale as the detectability, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of non-contrast CT in detecting cardiac myxomas were 88.8%/86.1%, 95.0%/100%, 96.9%/100%, 82.6%/80.0%, and 91.1%/91.1%, by reader 1 and reader 2, respectively and there was good inter-observer reliability (kappa value = 0.92, P = 0.157). Conclusion Non-contrast CT scan is useful for detecting cardiac myxomas. Therefore, radiologists should be familiar with imaging findings of cardiac myxomas on non-contrast CT.
Articular Cartilage Lesions Increase Early Cartilage Degeneration in Knees Treated by Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hirose Jun , Nishioka Hiroaki , Okamoto Nobukazu , Oniki Yasunari , Nakamura Eiichi , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Usuku Koichiro , Mizuta Hiroshi 
Published: August 2013

Background: Articular cartilage degeneration can develop after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Although radiological studies have identified risk factors for the progression of degenerative cartilage changes in the long term, risk factors in the early postoperative period remain to be documented. Hypothesis: Cartilage lesions that are present at surgery progress to cartilage degeneration in the early phase after ACLR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: T1ρ is the spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame magnetic resonance imaging. Sagittal T1ρ maps of the femorotibial joint were obtained before and 1 year after ACLR in 23 patients with ACL injuries. Four regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on images of the cartilage in the medial and lateral femoral condyle (MFC, LFC) and the medial and lateral tibia plateau (MTP, LTP). Changes in the T1ρ value (milliseconds) of each ROI were recorded, and differences between patients with and without cartilage lesions were evaluated. The relationship between changes in the T1ρ value and meniscal tears was also studied. Results: Arthroscopy at ACLR detected cartilage lesions in 15 MFCs, 7 LFCs, and 2 LTPs. The baseline T1ρ value of the MFC and LFC was significantly higher in patients with cartilage lesions (MFC, 40.7 ms; LFC, 42.2 ms) than in patients without cartilage lesions (MFC, 38.0 ms, P = .025; LFC, 39.4 ms, P = .010). At 1-year follow-up, the T1ρ value of the MFC and LFC was also significantly higher in patients with lesions (MFC, 43.1 ms; LFC, 42.7 ms) than in patients without such lesions (MFC, 39.1 ms, P = .002; LFC, 40.4 ms, P = .023, respectively). In patients with cartilage injury, the T1ρ value of the MFC increased during the year after treatment ( P = .002). There was no significant difference in the baseline and follow-up T1ρ value in patients with or without meniscal tears on each side although the T1ρ value of the MFC, MTP, and LFC increased during the first year after surgery regardless of the presence or absence of meniscal injuries. Conclusion: Using T1ρ mapping to detect minimal changes, our study demonstrated that cartilage lesions are related to progressive degenerative cartilage changes during the early phase after ACLR.
Prevalence of Cam-Type Deformity and Hip Pain in Elite Ice Hockey Players Before and After the End of Growth
Authors: Siebenrock Klaus A. , Kaschka Iris , Frauchiger Lars , Werlen Stefan , Schwab Joseph M. 
Published: August 2013

Background: Elite-level sports activities have been associated with hip osteoarthritis and cam-type deformity. Purpose: To analyze the appearance and prevalence of an abnormal cam-type deformity of the proximal femur and its potential association to hip pain in adolescent and young adult athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 77 elite-level male ice hockey players were evaluated with a questionnaire, clinical examination, and magnetic resonance imaging. The questionnaire and clinical examination were used to determine whether the hip being evaluated was symptomatic and what the internal rotation of the hip was. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine physeal status (open/closed) and α angle of the cranial half of the proximal femur using a standard clockface system. Results: The mean age of the patients was 16.5 years (range, 9-36 years); 15 of 77 (19.5%) athletes had a history of hip pain and a positive impingement test finding. The α angles were higher in athletes with closed physes versus open physes (58° vs 49°, respectively; P < .001). Symptomatic athletes had higher α angles compared with asymptomatic athletes at the 12-o’clock (52° vs 46°, respectively; P = .022), 1-o’clock (62° vs 52°, respectively; P < .001), and 2-o’clock (59° vs 50°, respectively; P < .001) positions. Internal rotation was significantly decreased in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic athletes (17° vs 23°, respectively). Higher α angles in the anterosuperior quadrant were significantly associated with decreased internal rotation. Conclusion: The data suggest that playing ice hockey at an elite level during childhood is associated with an increased risk for cam-type deformity and hip pain after physeal closure.
Isolated and Combined Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction in Revision Surgery for Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: Kohn Ludwig M. , Meidinger Gebhart , Beitzel Knut , Banke Ingo J. , Hensler Daniel , Imhoff Andreas B. , Schöttle Philip B. 
Published: August 2013

Background: Persistent pain and redislocations after surgical treatment of patellofemoral instability are described in up to 40% of patients. However, prospective outcome data about revision surgery are missing. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome after revision medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction using isolated and combined procedures, with a follow-up of 24 months. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Study participants were 42 patients (median age, 22 years; range, 13-46 years) who underwent revision surgery between January 2007 and December 2009 because of persistent patellofemoral instability after a mean of 1.8 previous failed surgical interventions (lateral release, medial imbrication/vastus medialis obliquus distalization, medialization of the tuberosity). An isolated MPFL reconstruction was performed in 15 cases, while a combination procedure was performed in 27 cases. The clinical results were evaluated preoperatively and 24 months postoperatively using the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Kujala, and Tegner scores as well as a subjective questionnaire. Patellar shift, tilt, and height, as well as level of degeneration, were defined preoperatively and at the latest follow-up on plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: At 24-month follow-up, 87% of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment. No apprehension or redislocation was reported at follow-up, and there was a significant decrease in pain during daily activities. There were significant improvements ( P < .001) in IKDC (from 50 to 80), Kujala (from 51 to 85), and Tegner scores (from 2.4 to 4.9). Patellar shift, tilt, and height decreased significantly ( P < .05) to anatomic values, and there was no aggravation to the level of pre-existing degeneration. No significant difference was noticed between the isolated and combined procedures. Conclusion: As patellofemoral instability is a multifactorial problem, revision surgery should be indicated only after a comprehensive examination. The results of this study show that MPFL reconstruction, alone or in combination, seems to be an effective treatment for recurrent patellar dislocations after a failed previous surgery, leading to significant increases in stability and functionality as well as a reduction in pain.
Familias: Preparando la Nueva Generación
Authors: Marsiglia Flavio F. , Williams Lela Rankin , Ayers Stephanie L. , Booth Jaime M. 
Published: August 2013

Objectives: This article reports the effects of a culturally grounded parenting intervention to strengthen positive parenting practices. Method: The intervention was designed and tested with primarily Mexican origin parents in a large urban setting of the southwestern United States using an ecodevelopmental approach. Parents ( N = 393) were randomly assigned three treatment conditions: (1) a parenting and youth intervention, (2) a youth only intervention, or (3) a control group. A measurement model for positive parenting was first evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis, followed by structural equation modeling to estimate the effects of the intervention on positive parenting (i.e., baseline to follow-up). Results: As hypothesized, parents in the intervention group reported higher rates of positive parenting compared to parents in youth-only condition. Conclusion: The results are promising and add to growing evidence that interventions tailored to the cultural characteristics and environments of parents and their children can strengthen positive parenting.
Ligament Structures in the Tarsal Sinus and Canal
Authors: Li Shu-Yuan , Hou Zhi-Dian , Zhang Peng , Li Hong-Liang , Ding Zi-Hai , Liu Yu-Jie 
Published: August 2013

Background: The concrete anatomy and functional characteristics of the subtalar ligaments have been a matter of debate that some believe has hampered the progress of clinical ligament reconstruction. Methods: In 32 fresh-frozen cadaver feet, the course of the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) and other subtalar ligaments was carefully measured and photographed both from the portal of the tarsal sinus and from a posterior view. Results: The IER inserted inside the tarsal sinus and canal by means of 3 roots: a lateral, an intermediate, and a medial one. These roots, along with the tarsal canal, divided the subtalar space into 3 parts. In front of the IER and inside the tarsal sinus, the thick cervical ligament (CL) lay at a 45-degree angle to the calcaneus. Behind the IER and inside the posterior capsule, in most cases (25 of 32 specimens), the posterior capsular ligament (PCaL) lay directly in front of the posterior talocalcaneal facet. Inside the tarsal canal, the fan-shaped medial root of the IER spread from outside upper lateral to lower medial, and the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament (ITCL) ran from upper medial to lower lateral; fibers of these 2 ligaments blended tightly together to form a V-shaped ligament complex. Just anterior to this complex in some cases (20 of 32 specimens), a short narrow upright ligament, the tarsal canal ligament (TCL), was located behind the middle talocalcaneal joint. Conclusion: The results of this study show that the CL is the primary ligament in the tarsal sinus and that the ITCL is a thin single band rather than a strong bilaminar ligament located inside the tarsal canal. Instead, the medial root of the IER is the primary ligamentous structure in the tarsal canal. Clinical Relevance: The anatomical description provided here may provide a more accurate theoretical foundation for clinical subtalar stability restoration.
Using an ‘action set’ for the management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Pericleous Marinos , Murray Charles , Hamilton Mark , Epstein Owen , Negus Rupert , Peachey Tim , Kaul Arvind , O’Beirne James 
Published: August 2013

Background: We studied the management of patients with acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (AUGIB) at the Royal Free Hospital. The aim was to compare our performance with the national standard and determine ways of improving the delivery of care in accordance with the recently published ‘Scope for improvement’ report. Methods: We randomly selected patients who presented with haematemesis, melaena, or both, and had an oesophageogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) between April and October 2009. We developed local guidelines and presented our findings in various forums. We collaborated with the British Medical Journal’s Evidence Centre and Cerner Millennium electronic patient record system to create an electronic ‘Action Set’ for the management of patients presenting with AUGIB. We re-audited using the same standard and target. Results: With the action set, documentation of pre-OGD Rockall scores increased significantly ( p ≤ 0.0001). The differences in the calculation and documentation of post-OGD full Rockall scores were also significant between the two audit loops ( p = 0.007). Patients who inappropriately received proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) before endoscopy were reduced from 73.8% to 33% ( p = 0.02). Patients receiving PPIs after OGD were also reduced from 66% to 50% ( p = 0.01). Discharges of patients whose full Rockall score was less than or equal to two increased from 40% to 100% ( p = 0.43). Conclusion: The use of the Action Set improved calculation and documentation of risk scores and facilitated earlier hospital discharge for low-risk patients. Significant improvements were also seen in inappropriate use of PPIs. Actions sets can improve guideline adherence and can potentially promote cost-cutting and improve health economics.
Clustering of modifiable biobehavioral risk factors for chronic disease in US adults: a latent class analysis
Authors: Leventhal Adam M , Huh Jimi , Dunton Genevieve F 
Published: August 2013

Aims: Examining the co-occurrence patterns of modifiable biobehavioral risk factors for deadly chronic diseases (e.g. cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes) can elucidate the etiology of risk factors and guide disease-prevention programming. The aims of this study were to (1) identify latent classes based on the clustering of five key biobehavioral risk factors among US adults who reported at least one risk factor and (2) explore the demographic correlates of the identified latent classes. Methods: Participants were respondents of the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004–2005) with at least one of the following disease risk factors in the past year ( N = 22,789), which were also the latent class indicators: (1) alcohol abuse/dependence, (2) drug abuse/dependence, (3) nicotine dependence, (4) obesity, and (5) physical inactivity. Housing sample units were selected to match the US National Census in location and demographic characteristics, with young adults oversampled. Participants were administered surveys by trained interviewers. Results: Five latent classes were yielded: ‘obese, active non-substance abusers’ (23%); ‘nicotine-dependent, active, and non-obese’ (19%); ‘active, non-obese alcohol abusers’ (6%); ‘inactive, non-substance abusers’ (50%); and ‘active, polysubstance abusers’ (3.7%). Four classes were characterized by a 100% likelihood of having one risk factor coupled with a low or moderate likelihood of having the other four risk factors. The five classes exhibited unique demographic profiles. Conclusions: Risk factors may cluster together in a non-monotonic fashion, with the majority of the at-risk population of US adults expected to have a high likelihood of endorsing only one of these five risk factors.
Sirtuin and pan-class I/II deacetylase (DAC) inhibition is synergistic in preclinical models and clinical studies of lymphoma
Authors: Amengual Jennifer E. , Clark-Garvey Sean , Kalac Matko , Scotto Luigi , Marchi Enrica , Neylon Ellen , Johannet Paul , Wei Ying , Zain Jasmine , O’Connor Owen A. 
Published: August 2013

Key Points
Treatment of DLBCL with the combination of sirtuin and DAC inhibitors leads to synergistic cytotoxicity and acetylation of Bcl6 and p53. The overall response rate of relapsed lymphoma patients treated with vorinostat and niacinamide was 24%, and an additional 57% achieved stable disease.
STAT3 mutations indicate the presence of subclinical T-cell clones in a subset of aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome patients
Authors: Jerez Andres , Clemente Michael J. , Makishima Hideki , Rajala Hanna , Gómez-Seguí Ines , Olson Thomas , McGraw Kathy , Przychodzen Bartlomiej , Kulasekararaj Austin , Afable Manuel , Husseinzadeh Holleh D. , Hosono Naoko , LeBlanc Francis , Lagström Sonja , Zhang Dan , Ellonen Pekka , Tichelli André , Nissen Catherine , Lichtin Alan E. , Wodnar-Filipowicz Aleksandra , Mufti Ghulam J. , List Alan F. , Mustjoki Satu , Loughran Thomas P. , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. 
Published: August 2013

Key PointsSTAT3+ T cells are found not only in detected concomitant LGL-BMFs, but in cases in which an LGL expansion was not suspected. Transformation via acquisition of a somatic mutation in T cells may be a mechanism of immune, mainly hypoplastic, bone marrow failure.
TNFa alter cholesterol metabolism in human macrophages via PKC-θ-dependent pathway
Authors: Sha Ma A Zhi , Zhang Qian , Song Zhi Yuan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Studies have shown that inflammation promoted atherosclerotic progression; however, it remains unclear whether inflammation promoted atherosclerotic progression properties by altering cholesterol metabolism in human macrophages. In the present study, we evaluated a potential mechanism of inflammation on atherogenic effects. We evaluated the ability of TNFa to affect Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and cholesterol uptake and its mechanism(s) of action in human macrophages.

Results
We initially determined the potential effects of TNFa on cholesterol efflux in the human macrophages. We also determined alterations in mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1, ABCG1, LXRa, CD-36, SR-A in human macrophages using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western immunoblot analyses. The cholesterol efflux rate and protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, LXRa, CD-36, SR-A were quantified in human macrophages under PKC-θ inhibition using PKC-θ siRNA. Our results showed that TNFa inhibited the rate of cholesterol efflux and down-regulation the expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and LXRa and up-regulation the expression levels of CD-36, SR-A in human macrophages; PKC-θ inhibition by PKC-θ siRNA attenuated the effect of TNFa on ABCA1, ABCG1, LXRa, SR-A, CD-36 expression.

Conclusions
Our results suggest TNFa alter cholesterol metabolism in human macrophages through the inhibition of Reverse cholesterol transport and enhancing cholesterol uptake via PKC-θ-dependent pathway, implicating a potential mechanism of inflammation on atherogenic effects.
Developing molecular tools and insights into the Penstemon genome using genomic reduction and next-generation sequencing
Authors: Dockter Rhyan B , Elzinga David B , Geary Brad , Maughan P Jeff , Johnson Leigh A , Tumbleson Danika , Franke JanaLynn , Dockter Keri , Stevens Mikel R 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background

Penstemon’s unique phenotypic diversity, hardiness, and drought-tolerance give it great potential for the xeric landscaping industry. Molecular markers will accelerate the breeding and domestication of drought tolerant Penstemon cultivars by, creating genetic maps, and clarifying of phylogenetic relationships. Our objectives were to identify and validate interspecific molecular markers from four diverse Penstemon species in order to gain specific insights into the Penstemon genome.

Results
We used a 454 pyrosequencing and GR-RSC (genome reduction using restriction site conservation) to identify homologous loci across four Penstemon species (P. cyananthus, P. davidsonii, P. dissectus, and P. fruticosus) representing three diverse subgenera with considerable genome size variation. From these genomic data, we identified 133 unique interspecific markers containing SSRs and INDELs of which 51 produced viable PCR-based markers. These markers produced simple banding patterns in 90% of the species × marker interactions (~84% were polymorphic). Twelve of the markers were tested across 93, mostly xeric, Penstemon taxa (72 species), of which ~98% produced reproducible marker data. Additionally, we identified an average of one SNP per 2,890 bp per species and one per 97 bp between any two apparent homologous sequences from the four source species. We selected 192 homologous sequences, meeting stringent parameters, to create SNP markers. Of these, 75 demonstrated repeatable polymorphic marker functionality across the four sequence source species. Finally, sequence analysis indicated that repetitive elements were approximately 70% more prevalent in the P. cyananthus genome, the largest genome in the study, than in the smallest genome surveyed (P. dissectus).

Conclusions
We demonstrated the utility of GR-RSC to identify homologous loci across related Penstemon taxa. Though PCR primer regions were conserved across a broadly sampled survey of Penstemon species (93 taxa), DNA sequence within these amplicons (12 SSR/INDEL markers) was highly diverse. With the continued decline in next-generation sequencing costs, it will soon be feasible to use genomic reduction techniques to simultaneously sequence thousands of homologous loci across dozens of Penstemon species. Such efforts will greatly facilitate our understanding of the phylogenetic structure within this important drought tolerant genus. In the interim, this study identified thousands of SNPs and over 50 SSRs/INDELs which should provide a foundation for future Penstemon phylogenetic studies and breeding efforts.