bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enigma of effective path length for 18O enrichment in leaf water of conifers
Authors: Roden John , Kahmen Ansgar , Buchmann Nina , Siegwolf Rolf 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Péclet correction is often used to predict leaf evaporative enrichment and requires an estimate of effective path length (L). Studies to estimate L in conifer needles have produced unexpected patterns based on Péclet theory and leaf anatomy. We exposed seedlings of six conifer species to different vapour pressure deficits (VPD) in controlled climate chambers to produce steady‐state leaf water enrichment (in 18O). We measured leaf gas exchange, stable oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of input and plant waters as well as leaf anatomical characteristics. Variation in bulk needle water δ18O was strongly related to VPD. Conifer needles had large amounts of water within the vascular strand that was potentially unenriched (up to 40%). Both standard Craig–Gordon and Péclet models failed to accurately predict conifer leaf water δ18O without taking into consideration the unenriched water in the vascular strand and variable L. Although L was linearly related to mesophyll thickness, large within‐species variation prevented the development of generalizations that could allow a broader use of the Péclet effect in predictive models. Our results point to the importance of within needle water pools and isolating mechanisms that need further investigation in order to integrate Péclet corrections with ‘two compartment’ leaf water concepts.
Social Marketing Risk‐Framing Approaches for Dental Sealants in Rural American Indian Children
Authors: Larsson Laura S. , Champine Dorothy , Hoyt Dee , Lin Lillian , Salois Emily , Silvas Sharon , Tail Terri Weasel , Williams Matthew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo compare three variants of a culturally relevant and theoretically based message to determine the most influential risk‐framing approach for improving intention to place dental sealants for preschool children.Design and SampleA convenience sample of adult, American Indian participants (n = 89) attending a community health fair were assigned to view a gain‐framed, loss‐framed, or mix‐framed dental sealant message.MeasuresWe compared participants' scores on a 46‐item survey to determine the relative effect of the frame assignment on seven indices of behavior change.ResultsThe mean difference in participants' stage‐of‐change scores (x = 1.17, n = 89, SD = 1.90) demonstrated a significant improvement for all groups after watching the dental sealant message t88 = 5.81, p < .0001, 95% CI [0.77–1.57]. Self‐efficacy was the only construct for which we detected a statistically significant difference as a function of frame assignment. Overall, the mix‐framed message resulted in the highest scores. The gain‐framed message was the least influential on four constructs. This finding is in contrast to findings that gain‐framed oral health messages are most influential (Gallagher & Updegraff, 2012; O'Keefe & Jensen, 2007).ConclusionsCommunity advisory board members determined to use the mix‐framed approach in an oral health social marketing campaign with a rural, American Indian audience.
Model Selection Criterion Based on the Multivariate Quasi‐Likelihood for Generalized Estimating Equations
Authors: Imori Shinpei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach has attracted considerable interest for the analysis of correlated response data. This paper considers the model selection criterion based on the multivariate quasi‐likelihood (MQL) in the GEE framework. The GEE approach is closely related to the MQL. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the uniqueness of the risk function based on the MQL by using properties of differential geometry. Furthermore, we establish a formal derivation of model selection criterion as an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the prediction risk under this condition, and we explicitly take into account the effect of estimating the correlation matrix used in the GEE procedure.
Stages of the Social Construction of Skill: Revisiting Debates over Service Skill Recognition
Authors: Hampson Ian , Junor Anne 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article reprises debates over ‘the social construction of skill’ (SCS), in the context of the rise of a service economy, and a diminished capacity for collective worker protection of job quality. After exploring the changed conceptual terrain in which the concept of SCS is deployed, it puts the case for recognising under‐documented skills in service jobs. It argues that real (because based on learning) but hitherto uncodified skills are beginning to be mapped in a corpus of interpretative research. A fieldwork‐based conceptual framework is offered for more fully codifying these skills. Such codification may give employers a handle for increased behavioural control, but may also help workers gain recognition and reward for real skills. We identify ‘stages of social construction’: first, skills' ‘detection’ and naming in job‐analysis interviews and second, skills recognition in qualifications and job/person descriptions. Increased remuneration and/or work reorganisation through political–institutional processes, driven by the agency of unions and professional organisations, HR departments or even management itself, may follow. The politics of the concepts' development (or not) in academic and policy communities – another facet of the SCS – we eschew here.
Efficacy of the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology system against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV)
Authors: Shinohara N. , Matsumoto C. , Chatani M. , Uchida S. , Yoshikawa T. , Shimojima M. , Satake M. , Tadokoro K. 
Published: June 2015

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tickborne virus in the Bunyaviridae family. This virus has recently been found in China, Japan and Korea. The risk of transfusion‐transmitted SFTSV infection (TTI‐SFTSV) is a concern because person‐to‐person transmission resulting from contact with SFTSV‐contaminated blood has been reported. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of the Mirasol pathogen reduction technology (PRT) system for inactivating SFTSV in vitro. The Mirasol PRT system achieved a > 4·11 log10 reduction value (LRV) for SFTSV. In conclusion, we showed that the Mirasol PRT system could potentially be used to reduce the risk of TTI‐SFTSV.
Children’s Participation in Organized Sport and Physical Activities and Active Free Play: Exploring the Impact of Time, Gender and Neighbourhood Household Income Using Longitudinal Data
Authors: Cairney John , Joshi Divya , Kwan Matthew , Hay John , Faught Brent 
Published: June 2015

This study examines the associations among socioeconomic status (SES), aging, gender and sport and physical activity participation from late childhood into adolescence. Drawing from previous research, we test three hypotheses regarding the impact of aging on SES and sport participation using longitudinal data. The data come from a prospective cohort study of children, all of whom were enrolled in grade 4 (at baseline) in the public school system of a large region of southern Ontario, Canada. We examine two outcome measures: participation in organized sport and physical activity and active free play. Our results show different effects of neighborhood household income, aging and gender for each outcome. For organized sport participation, neighborhood household income effects are constant over time for both boys and girls. For active free play however, neighborhood household income differences widen (or diverge) over time for girls, but not for boys. We discuss the implications of these findings for future research and policy considerations.Cette étude examine les associations entre statut socioéconomique, âge, genre et participation en sport et en activité physique de la fin de l’enfance à l’adolescence. Nous nous appuyons sur les recherches antérieures et des données longitudinales pour tester trois hypothèses à propos de l’impact de l’âge sur le statut socioéconomique et la participation en sport. Les données proviennent d’une étude de cohorte prospective d’enfants, tous étant inscrits en 4ème année (au début de l’étude) dans le système scolaire public d’une grande région du sud de l’Ontario au Canada. Nous mesurons deux types de résultats : la participation en sport organisé et activité physique et le jeu libre actif. Nos résultats montrent différents effets du revenu du ménage du quartier, de l’âge et du genre pour chaque résultat. Pour la participation en sport organisé, les effets du revenu du ménage du quartier sont constants avec le temps à la fois pour les garçons et les filles. Pour le jeu libre actif en revanche, les différences dans le revenu du ménage augmentent (ou divergent) avec le temps pour les filles, mais pas pour les garçons. Nous discutons les implications de ces résultats pour les études et politiques futures.
Risk Factors for Resistance to β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors and Ertapenem in Bacteroides Bacteremia
Authors: Smith Janessa M. , Avdic Edina , Tamma Pranita D. , Zhang Long , Carroll Karen C. , Cosgrove Sara E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine risk factors for the development of resistance to β-lactams/β-lactamase inhibitors (βL/βLIs) and ertapenem among
Bacteroides
species bacteremia. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 101 adult patients with
Bacteroides
species bacteremia at a 1,051-bed tertiary care medical center. The duration of exposure to βL/βLIs (odds ratio [OR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 2.31) was the only independent risk factor for resistance.
Amphiphilic Tobramycin Analogues as Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents
Authors: Shrestha Sanjib K. , Fosso Marina Y. , Green Keith D. , Garneau-Tsodikova Sylvie 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the
in vitro
antifungal activities, cytotoxicities, and membrane-disruptive actions of amphiphilic tobramycin (TOB) analogues. The antifungal activities were established by determination of MIC values and in time-kill studies. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in mammalian cell lines. The fungal membrane-disruptive action of these analogues was studied by using the membrane-impermeable dye propidium iodide. TOB analogues bearing a linear alkyl chain at their 6″-position in a thioether linkage exhibited chain length-dependent antifungal activities. Analogues with C
12
and C
14
chains showed promising antifungal activities against tested fungal strains, with MIC values ranging from 1.95 to 62.5 mg/liter and 1.95 to 7.8 mg/liter, respectively. However, C
4
, C
6
, and C
8
TOB analogues and TOB itself exhibited little to no antifungal activity. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) for the most potent TOB analogues (C
12
and C
14
) against A549 and Beas 2B cells were 4- to 64-fold and 32- to 64-fold higher, respectively, than their antifungal MIC values against various fungi. Unlike conventional aminoglycoside antibiotics, TOB analogues with alkyl chain lengths of C
12
and C
14
appear to inhibit fungi by inducing apoptosis and disrupting the fungal membrane as a novel mechanism of action. Amphiphilic TOB analogues showed broad-spectrum antifungal activities with minimal mammalian cell cytotoxicity. This study provides novel lead compounds for the development of antifungal drugs.
Ultrashort Antimicrobial Peptides with Antiendotoxin Properties
Authors: Chih Ya-Han , Lin Yen-Shan , Yip Bak-Sau , Wei Hsiu-Ju , Chu Hung-Lun , Yu Hui-Yuan , Cheng Hsi-Tsung , Chou Yu-Ting , Cheng Jya-Wei 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (endotoxin) from bacteria into the bloodstream may cause serious unwanted stimulation of the host immune system. Some but not all antimicrobial peptides can neutralize LPS-stimulated proinflammatory responses. Salt resistance and serum stability of short antimicrobial peptides can be boosted by adding β-naphthylalanine to their termini. Herein, significant antiendotoxin effects were observed
in vitro
and
in vivo
with the β-naphthylalanine end-tagged variants of the short antimicrobial peptides S1 and KWWK.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Strains of “
Candidatus
Filomicrobium marinum,” a Methanesulfonate-Degrading Species
Authors: Henriques Ana C. , De Marco Paolo 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Two novel methanesulfonate-degrading bacterial strains of “
Candidatus
Filomicrobium marinum” (strains Y and W) were isolated from a marine water enrichment, and their complete genome sequences are presented here. These are the first full genomes reported for the genus
Filomicrobium
and for methanesulfonate (MSA)-degrading bacteria.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus megaterium Podophage Palmer
Authors: Hargrove Emily C. , Lopez Mariana S. , Hernandez Adriana C. , Kuty Everett Gabriel F. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Bacillus megaterium
has been widely used as a research tool for decades. Its use is on the rise as a recombinant protein production host and as a bioremediation bacterium. Bacteriophages against this bacterium may have biotechnological applications. Here, we describe the novel podophage Palmer, which infects
B. megaterium
.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Lineage I Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Isolated in 1969 in West Africa
Authors: Dundon William G. , Yu Daojin , Lô Modou Moustapha , Loitsch Angelika , Diop Mariame , Diallo Adama 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
We report the complete genome sequence of a lineage I peste des petits ruminants virus (E32/1969) isolated in a Senegalese laboratory in 1969. This is the earliest peste des petits ruminants virus of any lineage sequenced to date and only the second lineage I virus available in public databases.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Phthalate Ester-Degrading Bacterium,
Rhizobium
sp. LMB-1, Isolated from Cultured Soil
Authors: Tang Wen-Juan , Zhou Ying , Ye Bang-Ce 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Rhizobium
sp. LMB-1, newly isolated from greenhouse soil, can effectively degrade phthalate. Here, we present a 5.2-Mb assembly of this
Rhizobium
sp. genome for the first time. It may provide abundant molecular information for the transformation of phthalates.
Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Bacillus subtilis T30
Authors: Xu Shuang-yong , Boitano Matthew , Clark Tyson A. , Vincze Tamas , Fomenkov Alexey , Kumar Sanjay , Too Priscilla Hiu-Mei , Gonchar Danila , Degtyarev Sergey K. , Roberts Richard J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of
Bacillus subtilis
T30 was determined by SMRT sequencing. The entire genome contains 4,138 predicted genes. The genome carries one intact prophage sequence (37.4 kb) similar to
Bacillus
phage SPBc2 and one incomplete prophage genome of 39.9 kb similar to
Bacillus
phage phi105.
Complete Genome Sequence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.
insidiosus
R1-1 Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology
Authors: Lu You , Samac Deborah A. , Glazebrook Jane , Ishimaru Carol A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.
insidiosus
R1-1, isolated in Minnesota, USA. The R1-1 genome, generated by a
de novo
assembly of PacBio sequencing data, is the first complete genome sequence available for this subspecies.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Escherichia coli Strains with Different
In Vivo
Pathogenicities in an Avian (Ascending) Infection Model of the Oviduct
Authors: Olsen Rikke Heidemann , Thøfner Ida Cecilie Naundrup , Pors Susanne Elisabeth , Christensen Henrik , Bisgaard Magne , Christensen Jens Peter 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we present three draft genome sequences of
Escherichia coli
strains that experimentally were proven to possess low (strain D2-2), intermediate (Chronic_salp), or high virulence (Cp6salp3) in an avian (ascending) infection model of the oviduct.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain E186hv of Beijing B0/W Lineage with Reduced Virulence
Authors: Shur K. V. , Klimina K. M. , Zakharevich N. V. , Maslov D. A. , Bekker O. B. , Zaychikova M. V. , Kamaev E. Y. , Kravchenko M. A. , Skornyakov S. N. , Zhang Y. , Danilenko V. N. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

We report a draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strain E186hv, belonging to the Beijing B0/W lineage and isolated from a patient from Kurgan, Russia. This clinical isolate showed a reduced virulence phenotype unusual for this lineage and resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and ofloxacin. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with virulence.
Draft Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa EBL06, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from Wheat Phyllosphere
Authors: Liang Shengxian , Jin Decai , Wang Xinxin , Fan Haiyan , Bai Zhihui 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Paenibacillus polymyxa
strain EBL06 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium with high antifungal activity. The estimated genome of this strain is 5.68 Mb in size and harbors 4,792 coding sequences (CDSs).
Draft Genome Sequence of Citrobacter rodentium DBS100 (ATCC 51459), a Primary Model of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Virulence
Authors: Lenz Abigail , Tomkins Jeffrey , Fabich Andrew J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Citrobacter rodentium
is a Gram-negative bacterium which causes transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia and models the virulence of enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
in vivo
. Thus,
C. rodentium
is used to study human gastrointestinal disease. We present the draft genome sequence of
C. rodentium
strain ATCC 51459, also known as DBS100.
Complete Closed Genome Sequences of a Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype A1 Leukotoxin Deletion Mutant and Its Wild-Type Parent Strain
Authors: Heaton Michael P. , Harhay Gregory P. , Smith Timothy P. L. , Bono James L. , Chitko-McKown Carol G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMannheimia haemolyticais a bacterial pathogen that secretes leukotoxin (LktA) which binds to leukocyte membranes via CD18, causing bacterial pneumonia in ruminants. We report the complete closed genome sequences of a leukotoxin mutant and its parent strain that are frequently used in respiratory disease studies.
Draft Genome Sequence of Brucella abortus Virulent Strain 544
Authors: Singh D. K. , Kumar Ashok , Tiwari A. K. , Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan , Vishnu Udayakumar S. , Sridhar Jayavel , Gunasekaran Paramasamy , Rajendhran Jeyaprakash 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence and annotation of
Brucella abortus
virulent strain 544. The genome of this strain is 3,289,405 bp long, with 57.2% G+C content. A total of 3,259 protein-coding genes and 60 RNA genes were predicted.
Complete Genome Sequence of Biocontrol Strain Pseudomonas fluorescens LBUM223
Authors: Roquigny Roxane , Arseneault Tanya , Gadkar Vijay J. , Novinscak Amy , Joly David L. , Filion Martin 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas fluorescens
LBUM223 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR) with biocontrol activity against various plant pathogens. It produces the antimicrobial metabolite phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, which is involved in the biocontrol of
Streptomyces scabies
, the causal agent of common scab of potato. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. fluorescens
LBUM223.
Homologues of Genetic Transformation DNA Import Genes Are Required for Rhodobacter capsulatus Gene Transfer Agent Recipient Capability Regulated by the Response Regulator CtrA
Authors: Brimacombe Cedric A. , Ding Hao , Johnson Jeanette A. , Beatty J. Thomas 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Gene transfer agents (GTAs) morphologically resemble small, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages; however, their only known role is to package and transfer random pieces of the producing cell genome to recipient cells. The best understood GTA is that of
Rhodobacter capsulatus
, termed RcGTA. We discovered that homologues of three genes involved in natural transformation in other bacteria,
comEC
,
comF
, and
comM
, are essential for RcGTA-mediated gene acquisition. This paper gives genetic and biochemical evidence that RcGTA-borne DNA entry into cells requires the ComEC and ComF putative DNA transport proteins and genetic evidence that putative cytoplasmic ComM protein of unknown function is required for recipient capability. Furthermore, the master regulator of RcGTA production in <1% of a cell population, CtrA, which is also required for gene acquisition in recipient cells, is expressed in the vast majority of the population. Our results indicate that RcGTA-mediated gene transfer combines key aspects of two bacterial horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, where donor DNA is packaged in transducing phage-like particles and recipient cells take up DNA using natural transformation-related machinery. Both of these differentiated subsets of a culture population, donors and recipients, are dependent on the same response regulator, CtrA.

IMPORTANCE
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a major driver of bacterial evolution and adaptation to environmental stresses. Traits such as antibiotic resistance or metabolic properties can be transferred between bacteria via HGT; thus, HGT can have a tremendous effect on the fitness of a bacterial population. The three classically described HGT mechanisms are conjugation, transformation, and phage-mediated transduction. More recently, the HGT factor GTA was described, where random pieces of producing cell genome are packaged into phage-like particles that deliver DNA to recipient cells. In this report, we show that transport of DNA borne by the
R. capsulatus
RcGTA into recipient cells requires key genes previously thought to be specific to natural transformation pathways. These findings indicate that RcGTA combines central aspects of phage-mediated transduction and natural transformation in an efficient, regulated mode of HGT.
Minimising post-operative risk using a Post-Anaesthetic Care Tool (PACT): protocol for a prospective observational study and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Street Maryann , Phillips Nicole M , Kent Bridie , Colgan Stephen , Mohebbi Mohammadreza 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionWhile the risk of adverse events following surgery has been identified, the impact of nursing care on early detection of these events is not well established. A systematic review of the evidence and an expert consensus study in post-anaesthetic care identified essential criteria for nursing assessment of patient readiness for discharge from the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU). These criteria were included in a new nursing assessment tool, thePost-Anaesthetic Care Tool(PACT), and incorporated into the post-anaesthetic documentation at a large health service. The aim of this study is to test the clinical reliability of the PACT and evaluate whether the use of PACT will (1) enhance the recognition and response to patients at risk of deterioration in PACU; (2) improve documentation for handover from PACU nurse to ward nurse; (3) result in improved patient outcomes and (4) reduce healthcare costs.Methods and analysisA prospective, non-randomised, pre-implementation and post-implementation design comparing: (1) patients (n=750) who have surgery prior to the implementation of the PACT and (2) patients (n=750) who have surgery after PACT. The study will examine the use of the tool through the observation of patient care and nursing handover. Patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness will be determined from health service data and medical record audit. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe the sample and compare the two patient groups (pre-intervention and post-intervention). Differences in patient outcomes between the two groups will be compared using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and regression analyses and reported as ORs with the corresponding 95% CIs.ConclusionsThis study will test the clinical reliability and cost-effectiveness of the PACT. It is hypothesised that the PACT will enable nurses to recognise and respond to patients at risk of deterioration, improve handover to ward nurses, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs.