bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-step zero-background IgG reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments enabling rapid and high-throughput lead identification
Authors: Chen Chao-Guang , Fabri Louis J. , Wilson Michael J. , Panousis Con 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe describe a novel cloning method, referred to as insert-tagged (InTag) positive selection, for the rapid one-step reformatting of phage-displayed antibody fragments to full-length immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs). InTag positive selection enables recombinant clones of interest to be directly selected without cloning background, bypassing the laborious process of plating out cultures and colony screening and enabling the cloning procedure to be automated and performed in a high-throughput format. This removes a significant bottleneck in the functional screening of phage-derived antibody candidates and enables a large number of clones to be directly reformatted into IgG without the intermediate step of Escherichia coli expression and testing of soluble antibody fragments. The use of InTag positive selection with the Dyax Fab-on-phage antibody library is demonstrated, and optimized methods for the small-scale transient expression of IgGs at high levels are described. InTag positive selection cloning has the potential for wide application in high-throughput DNA cloning involving multiple inserts, markedly improving the speed and quality of selections from protein libraries.
Pain in 1,000 Women Treated for Breast Cancer
Authors: Kaunisto Mari A. , Jokela Ritva , Tallgren Minna , Kambur Oleg , Tikkanen Emmi , Tasmuth Tiina , Sipilä Reetta , Palotie Aarno , Estlander Ann-Mari , Leidenius Marjut , Ripatti Samuli , Kalso Eija A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background:
This article describes the methods and results of the early part (experimental pain tests and postoperative analgesia) of a study that assesses genetic and other factors related to acute pain and persistent pain after treatment of breast cancer in a prospective cohort of 1,000 women.

Methods:
One thousand consenting patients were recruited to the study. Before surgery (breast resection or mastectomy with axillary surgery), the patients filled in questionnaires about health, life style, depression (Beck Depression Inventory), and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). They were also exposed to experimental tests measuring heat (43° and 48°C, 5 s) and cold (2-4°C) pain intensity and tolerance. Anesthesia was standardized with propofol and remifentanil, and postoperative analgesia was optimized with i.v. oxycodone.

Results:
The patients showed significant interindividual variation in heat and cold pain sensitivity and cold pain tolerance. There was a strong correlation between the experimental pain measures across the tests. Presence of chronic pain, the number of previous operations, and particularly state anxiety were related to increased pain sensitivity. Previous smoking correlated with decreased heat pain sensitivity. These factors explained 4–5% of the total variance in pain sensitivity in these tests. Oxycodone consumption during 20 h was significantly higher in patients who had axillary clearance. Oxycodone consumption had only a weak correlation with the experimental pain measures.

Conclusions:
Contact heat and cold pressure tests identify variability in pain sensitivity which is modified by factors such as anxiety, chronic pain, previous surgery, and smoking. High levels of anxiety are connected to increased pain sensitivity in experimental and acute postoperative pain.
In a study of 1,000 women undergoing breast surgery for cancer, a small portion of the variance in preoperative response to noxious heat and cold testing could be explained by anxiety, the presence of chronic pain, and the number of previous operations. There was a weak correlation between response to experimental pain testing and acute postoperative pain, with largely similar predictive factors across both.
Time course of cerebrovascular autoregulation during extreme Trendelenburg position for robotic‐assisted prostatic surgery
Authors: Schramm P. , Treiber A.‐H. , Berres M. , Pestel G. , Engelhard K. , Werner C. , Closhen D. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryTrendelenburg positioning in combination with pneumoperitoneum during robotic‐assisted prostatic surgery possibly impairs cerebrovascular autoregulation. If cerebrovascular autoregulation is disturbed, arterial hypertension might induce cerebral hyperaemia and brain oedema, while low arterial blood pressure can induce cerebral ischaemia. The time course of cerebrovascular autoregulation was investigated during use of the Trendelenburg position and a pneumoperitoneum for robotic‐assisted prostatic surgery using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Cerebral blood flow velocity was correlated with arterial blood pressure and the autoregulation index (Mx) was calculated. In 23 male patients, Mx was assessed at baseline, after induction of general anaesthesia, during the Trendelenburg position (40–45°), and after repositioning. During the Trendelenburg position, Mx increased over time, indicating an impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation. After repositioning, Mx recovered to baseline levels. It can be concluded that with longer durations of Trendelenburg position and pneumoperitoneum, cerebrovascular autoregulation deteriorates, and, therefore, blood pressure management should be adapted to avoid cerebral oedema and the duration of Trendelenburg position should be as short as possible.
A Novel Method for Real‐Time Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Electrocardiograms Using Multiple Parameters
Authors: Du Xiaochuan , Rao Nini , Qian Mengyao , Liu Dingyu , Li Jie , Feng Wei , Yin Lixue , Chen Xu 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAutomatic detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) in electrocardiograms (ECGs) is beneficial for AF diagnosis, therapy, and management. In this article, a novel method of AF detection is introduced. Most current methods only utilize the RR interval as a critical parameter to detect AF; thus, these methods commonly confuse AF with other arrhythmias.MethodsWe used the average number of f waves in a TQ interval as a characteristic parameter in our robust, real‐time AF detection method. Three types of clinical ECG data, including ECGs from normal, AF, and non‐AF arrhythmia subjects, were downloaded from multiple open access databases to validate the proposed method.ResultsThe experimental results suggested that the method could distinguish between AF and normal ECGs with accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive values (PPVs) of 93.67%, 94.13%, and 98.69%, respectively. These values are comparable to those of related methods. The method was also able to distinguish between AF and non‐AF arrhythmias and had performance indexes (accuracy 94.62%, sensitivity 94.13%, and PPVs 97.67%) that were considerably better than those of other methods.ConclusionsOur proposed method has prospects as a practical tool enabling clinical diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of AF.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Hemodialysis Patients with Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Authors: Wan Chingping , Herzog Charles A. , Zareba Wojciech , Szymkiewicz Steven J. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundThe survival outcome following a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in hemodialysis (HD) patients is poor regardless of whether an event takes place in or out of a dialysis center. The characteristics of SCA and post‐SCA survival with HD patients using a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) are unknown.MethodsAll HD patients who were prescribed a WCD between 2004 and 2011 and experienced at least one SCA event were included in this study. Demographics, clinical background, characteristics of SCA events were identified from the manufacturer's database. An SCA event was defined as all sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF) or asystole occurring within 24 hours of the index arrhythmia episode. The social security death index was used to determine mortality after WCD use.ResultsA total of 75 HD patients (mean age = 62.9 ± 11.7 years, female = 37.3%) experienced 84 SCA events (119 arrhythmia episodes) while wearing the WCD. Sixty six (78.6%) SCA events were due to VT/VF and 18 (21.4%) were due to asystole. Most SCA episodes occurred between 09:00 and 10:00 (RR = 2.82, 95% CI [1.05, 7.62], P < 0.0001), followed by the 13:00–14:00 time interval (RR = 2.22, 95% CI [0.79, 6.21], P = 0.006). Acute 24‐hour survival was 70.7% for all SCA events; 30‐day and 1‐year survival were 50.7% and 31.4%, respectively. Women had a better post‐SCA survival than men (HR = 2.41, 95% CI [1.09, 5.36], P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe use of WCD in HD patients was associated with improved post‐SCA survival when compared to historical data.
In Vivo Evaluation of Centrifugal Blood Pump for Cardiopulmonary Bypass—Spiral Pump
Authors: da Silva Cibele , da Silva Bruno Utiyama , Leme Juliana , Uebelhart Beatriz , Dinkhuysen Jarbas , Biscegli José F. , Andrade Aron , Zavaglia Cecília 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Spiral Pump (SP), a centrifugal blood pump for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), has been developed at the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology/Adib Jatene Foundation laboratories, with support from Sintegra Company (Pompeia, Brazil). The SP is a disposable pump with an internal rotor—a conically shaped fuse with double entrance threads. This rotor is supported by two ball bearings, attached to a stainless steel shaft fixed to the housing base. Worm gears provide axial motion to the blood column, and the rotational motion of the conically shaped impeller generates a centrifugal pumping effect, improving pump efficiency without increasing hemolysis. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate the SP's hydrodynamic performance, and in vivo experiments were performed to evaluate hemodynamic impact during usual CPB. A commercially available centrifugal blood pump was used as reference. In vivo experiments were conducted in six male pigs weighing between 60 and 90 kg, placed on CPB for 6 h each. Blood samples were collected just before CPB (T0) and after every hour of CPB (T1–T6) for hemolysis determination and laboratory tests (hematological and biochemical). Values of blood pressure, mean flow, pump rotational speed, and corporeal temperature were recorded. Also, ergonomic conditions were recorded: presence of noise, difficulty in removing air bubbles, trouble in installing the pump in the drive module (console), and difficulties in mounting the CPB circuit. Comparing the laboratory and hemolysis results for the SP with those of the reference pump, we can conclude that there is no significant difference between the two devices. In addition, reports made by medical staff and perfusionists described a close similarity between the two devices. During in vivo experiments, the SP maintained blood flow and pressure at physiological levels, consistent with those applied in cardiac surgery with CPB, without presenting any malfunction. Also, the SP needed lower rotational speed to obtain average blood flow and pressure, compared with the reference pump.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for metastatic adrenal tumor
Authors: Hirayama Takahiro , Fujita Tetsuo , Koguchi Dai , Nishi Morihiro , Kurosaka Shinji , Tsumura Hideyasu , Tabata Ken‐ichi , Iwamura Masatsugu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionTreating adrenal metastases from primary malignancies with laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and efficiency of LA for solitary adrenal metastasis.MethodsFrom November 2003 to September 2012, eight consecutive patients with adrenal metastasis were treated with LA. A retrospective study was conducted, and clinical and histological data were analyzed.ResultsAll LA were successfully performed. There were no major complications, blood transfusions or conversions to open adrenalectomy. The patients included seven men and one woman with a median age of 59 years at the time of operation. Adrenal metastases were most commonly noted to be from non‐small‐cell lung cancer (four patients) and renal cell carcinoma (four patients). The majority of adrenal metastases were unilateral (right: one patient; left: seven patients). One patient had bilateral metastases. The median overall survival was 14 months. Four patients (two with non‐small‐cell lung cancer; two with renal cell carcinoma) were alive with no evidence of metastatic disease as of October 2013.ConclusionLA is a safe and effective procedure for patients with isolated metastases. Surgical resection with LA for a solitary adrenal metastasis from primary malignancy can achieve a good prognosis.
A quantitative model of amphetamine action on the 5‐HT transporter
Authors: Sandtner Walter , Schmid Diethart , Schicker Klaus , Gerstbrein Klaus , Koenig Xaver , Mayer Felix P , Boehm Stefan , Freissmuth Michael , Sitte Harald H 
Published: November 2013

Background and PurposeAmphetamines bind to the plasmalemmal transporters for the monoamines dopamine (DAT), noradrenaline (NET) and 5‐HT (SERT); influx of amphetamine leads to efflux of substrates. Various models have been proposed to account for this amphetamine‐induced reverse transport in mechanistic terms. A most notable example is the molecular stent hypothesis, which posits a special amphetamine‐induced conformation that is not likely in alternative access models of transport. The current study was designed to evaluate the explanatory power of these models and the molecular stent hypothesis.Experimental ApproachXenopus laevis oocytes and HEK293 cells expressing human (h) SERT were voltage‐clamped and exposed to 5‐HT, p‐chloroamphetamine (pCA) or methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).Key ResultsIn contrast to the currents induced by 5‐HT, pCA‐triggered currents through SERT decayed slowly in Xenopus laevis oocytes once the agonist was removed (consistent with the molecular stent hypothesis). However, when SERT was expressed in HEK293 cells, currents induced by 3 or 100 μM pCA decayed 10 or 100 times faster, respectively, after pCA removal.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis discrepancy in decay rates is inconsistent with the molecular stent hypothesis. In contrast, a multistate version of the alternative access model accounts for all the observations and reproduces the kinetic parameters extracted from the electrophysiological recordings. A crucial feature that explains the action of amphetamines is their lipophilic nature, which allows for rapid diffusion through the membrane.
Unilateral segmentally arranged basaloid follicular hamartomas with osteoma cutis and hypodontia: a case of Happle–Tinschert syndrome
Authors: Lo C.-S. , Wu Y.-F. , Hsiao Y.-W. , Chung W.-H. , Yang C.-H. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHapple–Tinschert syndrome (HTS) is a rare syndrome characterized by segmentally arranged basaloid follicular hamartomas (BFH) associated with ipsilateral osseous, dental and cerebral abnormalities. Happle and Tinschert first reported this disorder in 2008, and three cases with similar presentations have since been reported. We report another case, that of a 40-year-old man, presenting with the characteristic clinical features of HTS.
Recovery‐oriented policy and care systems in the UK and USA
Authors: Humphreys Keith , Lembke Anna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe concept of recovery has been an influence on addicted individuals for many decades. But only in the past 15 years has the concept had a purchase in the world of public policy. In the USA, federal and state officials have promulgated policies intended to foster ‘recovery‐oriented systems of care’ and have ratified recovery‐supportive laws and regulations. Though of more recent vintage and therefore less developed, recovery policy initiatives are also being implemented in the UK. The present paper describes recovery‐oriented policy in both countries and highlights key evaluations of the recovery‐oriented interventions. [Humphreys K, Lembke A. Recovery‐oriented policy and care systems in the UK and USA. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:13–18]
Changes in adiponectin level and fat distribution in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Miazgowski Tomasz , Dziwura‐Ogonowska Joanna , Safranow Krzysztof , Iskierska Katarzyna , Widecka Krystyna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of standard hypoglycaemic treatment strategies on adiponectin levels and fat distribution in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Material and methodsThis was a prospective observational study of 50 women with newly diagnosed T2DM, aged 64·6 ± 7·9 years and treated for 12 months with lifestyle modification alone (n = 24) or in combination with metformin (n = 26), according to current standards of diabetic care and clinical practice guidelines. None of the patients required insulin therapy during the entire study period. Total (BF), abdominal (android) and hip (gynoid) fat were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry at the baseline and after 12 months of treatment. Total adiponectin, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose were measured in 3‐month intervals.ResultsBaseline adiponectin level was low (9·37 ± 2·81 μg/mL). Lifestyle modifications and metformin produced comparable changes in adiponectin levels, which were not associated with changes in BF, HbA1c, glucose and regional fat depots. Baseline adiponectin was inversely correlated with triglycerides (R = −0·441; P = 0·0007) and the android/gynoid ratio (R = −0·272; P = 0·042). Treatment with metformin was associated with a significant weight reduction (P = 0·033), which resulted from a decrease in BF% (P = 0·044) but was not associated with changes in android and gynoid depots.ConclusionsIn postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed T2DM, lifestyle modifications alone or combined with metformin produced comparable changes in adiponectin levels. Weight reduction in patients treated with metformin was associated with significant decrease in %BF but not in regional fat depots.
Responses of a native beetle to novel exotic plant species with varying invasion history
Authors: DAI HONGJUN , LU XINMIN , ZHANG JIALIANG , DING JIANQING 
Published: November 2013

The impact of plant invaders on the fitness of native insects has received increasing attention, but it remains unclear how native insects that have a taxonomic conservatism in host–plant use respond to novel hosts.
In this study, an experimental approach was taken to this issue by comparing the preference and performance of a native beetle, Cassida piperata Hope, on native hosts Chenopodium album and Alternanthera sessilis, and non‐coevolved exotic hosts Alternanthera spinosus and Alternanthera philoxeroides of varying invasion history with choice and cross‐rearing experiments.
In host choice experiments, adult beetles preferred to oviposit on the older invader A. spinosus to the same degree as it did the native hosts, but generally avoided the newer invader A. philoxeroides. However, in rearing experiments, larval beetles developed more slowly on the two exotic hosts than on the native hosts.
The varying responses of adult beetles to invaders might be explained by their differing invasive history, and suggest that the beetle has adapted to the older invader behaviourally. However, the slower development of the beetle on the two invaders suggests that the beetle has failed to adapt physiologically to either species of invasive plant.
These results offer insights into the temporal dynamics of a native insect adapting to plant invaders, and suggest that when testing the impact of exotic plant invasion on native insect fitness, it is necessary to consider the duration of novel association between the insect and the novel plant species.
Novel Disabled‐1‐expressing neurons identified in adult brain and spinal cord
Authors: Abadesco Autumn D. , Cilluffo Marianne , Yvone Griselda M. , Carpenter Ellen M. , Howell Brian W. , Phelps Patricia E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractComponents of the Reelin‐signaling pathway are highly expressed in embryos and regulate neuronal positioning, whereas these molecules are expressed at low levels in adults and modulate synaptic plasticity. Reelin binds to Apolipoprotein E receptor 2 and Very‐low‐density lipoprotein receptors, triggers the phosphorylation of Disabled‐1 (Dab1), and initiates downstream signaling. The expression of Dab1 marks neurons that potentially respond to Reelin, yet phosphorylated Dab1 is difficult to detect due to its rapid ubiquitination and degradation. Here we used adult mice with a lacZ gene inserted into the dab1 locus to first verify the coexpression of β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) in established Dab1‐immunoreactive neurons and then identify novel Dab1‐expressing neurons. Both cerebellar Purkinje cells and spinal sympathetic preganglionic neurons have coincident Dab1 protein and β‐gal expression in dab1lacZ/+ mice. Adult pyramidal neurons in cortical layers II–III and V are labeled with Dab1 and/or β‐gal and are inverted in the dab1lacZ/lacZ neocortex, but not in the somatosensory barrel fields. Novel Dab1 expression was identified in GABAergic medial septum/diagonal band projection neurons, cerebellar Golgi interneurons, and small neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei. Adult somatic motor neurons also express Dab1 and show ventromedial positioning errors in dab1‐null mice. These findings suggest that: (i) Reelin regulates the somatosensory barrel cortex differently than other neocortical areas, (ii) most Dab1 medial septum/diagonal band neurons are probably GABAergic projection neurons, and (iii) positioning errors in adult mutant Dab1‐labeled neurons vary from subtle to extensive.
Spatiotemporal flow of information in the early visual pathway
Authors: Moore Bartlett D. , Rathbun Daniel L. , Usrey W. Martin , Freeman Ralph D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe spatial components of a visual scene are processed neurally in a sequence of coarse features followed by fine features. This coarse‐to‐fine temporal stream was initially considered to be a cortical function, but has recently been demonstrated in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that coarse‐to‐fine processing is present at earlier stages of visual processing in the retinal ganglion cells that supply lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) neurons. To compare coarse‐to‐fine processing in the cat's visual system, we measured the visual responses of connected neuronal pairs from the retina and LGN, and separate populations of cells from each region. We found that coarse‐to‐fine processing was clearly present at the ganglion cell layer of the retina. Interestingly, peak and high‐spatial‐frequency cutoff responses were higher in the LGN than in the retina, indicating that there was a progressive cascade of coarse‐to‐fine information from the retina to the LGN to the visual cortex. The analysis of early visual pathway receptive field characteristics showed that the physiological response interplay between the center and surround regions was consistent with coarse‐to‐fine features and may provide a primary role in the underlying mechanism. Taken together, the results from this study provided a framework for understanding the emergence and refinement of coarse‐to‐fine processing in the visual system.