bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stiffness and damping coefficients for rubber mounted hybrid bearing
Authors: K. P. Lijesh , Hirani Harish 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA non‐contact passive magnetic bearing has a low friction compared with other passive (journal or ball) bearings. But these bearings have negligible damping due to which even small rotor vibration impacts the bearing magnet. It results in breakage of brittle magnetic materials. To overcome this problem, a hybrid bearing (passive magnet + elastomer) has been proposed in the present manuscript. To select an appropriate rubber, a step‐by‐step approach, using pendulum and hysteresis tests, has been followed. A parametric study on thickness of selected rubber was carried out. Experiments were conducted on three configurations: (i) a stand‐alone magnetic bearing, (ii) magnetic bearing with a butyl rubber having a thickness of 1 mm, and (iii) magnetic bearing with a butyl rubber having a thickness of 1.5 mm. To investigate the effect of rubber Young's modulus on the damping, rubber was made softer by immersing in aromatic liquid, and the experiments were repeated using softer rubber. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospects for neuroprotective therapies in prodromal Huntington's disease
Authors: Chandra Abhishek , Johri Ashu , Beal M. Flint 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTHuntington's disease (HD) is a prototypical dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration, psychiatric disturbances, and a movement disorder. The genetic cause of the illness is a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, which leads to a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin protein. The exact mechanism by which mutant huntingtin causes HD is unknown, but it causes abnormalities in gene transcription as well as both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Because the penetrance of HD is complete with CAG repeats greater than 39, patients can be diagnosed well before disease onset with genetic testing. Longitudinal studies of HD patients before disease onset have shown that subtle cognitive and motor deficits occur as much as 10 years before onset, as do reductions in glucose utilization and striatal atrophy. An increase in inflammation, as shown by elevated interleukin‐6, occurs approximately 15 years before onset. Detection of these abnormalities may be useful in defining an optimal time for disease intervention to try to slow or halt the degenerative process. Although reducing gene expression with small interfering RNA or short hairpin RNA is an attractive approach, other approaches targeting energy metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative damage may be more easily and rapidly moved into the clinic. The recent PREQUEL study of coenzyme Q10 in presymptomatic gene carriers showed the feasibility of carrying out clinical trials to slow or halt onset of HD. We review both the earliest detectable clinical and laboratory manifestations of HD, as well as potential neuroprotective therapies that could be utilized in presymptomatic HD. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Micromechanics of vortices in granular media: connection to shear bands and implications for continuum modelling of failure in geomaterials
Authors: Tordesillas Antoinette , Pucilowski Sebastian , Walker David M. , Peters John F. , Walizer Laura E. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYRecent analysis of data from triaxial tests on sand and discrete element simulations indicate the final pattern of failure is encoded in grain motions during the nascent stages of loading. We study vortices that are evident from grain displacements at the start of loading and bear a direct mathematical connection to boundary conditions, uniform continuum strain and shear bands. Motions of three grains in mutual contact, that is, 3‐cycles, manifest vortices. In the initial stages of loading, 3‐cycles initiate a rotation around a region Ω*where the shear band ultimately develops. This bias sets a course in 3‐cycle evolution, determining where they will more likely collapse. A multiscale spatial analysis of 3‐cycle temporal evolution provides quantitative evidence that the most stable, persistent 3‐cycles degrade preferentially in Ω*, until essentially depleted when the shear band is fully formed. The transition towards a clustered distribution of persistent 3‐cycles occurs early in the loading history—and coincides with the persistent localisation of vortices in Ω*. In 3D samples, no evidence of spatial clustering in persistent 3‐cycle deaths is found in samples undergoing diffuse failure, while early clustering manifests in a sample that ultimately failed by strain localisation. This study not only delivered insights into the possible structural origins of vortices in dense granular systems but also a tool for the early detection of the mode of failure—localised versus diffuse—a sample will ultimately undergo. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with delayed patient appraisal of colorectal cancer symptoms
Authors: Siminoff Laura , Thomson Maria , Dumenci Levent 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between symptoms, financial and cognitive barriers with patient delays in seeking evaluation of symptoms.MethodsData were collected from 252 colorectal cancer patients from academic and community oncology practices in Virginia and Ohio. We used a cross‐sectional, mixed methods design collected data through patient interviews and medical record reviews. Structural equation modeling (SEM) tested the hypothesized relationships between symptoms, financial and cognitive barriers and patient care seeking delays.ResultsIn bivariate analyses, patients who reported a financial barrier to accessing health care (t (246) = −2.6, p < 0.01) were more likely to have greater care‐seeking delays. Model testing revealed that experiencing cognitive barriers was a significant, positive, direct predictor of appraisal delay (0.35; p < 0.01). Indirect pathways from symptoms (0.07; p < 0.05) and financial barriers (0.09; p < 0.05) to appraisal delay via cognitive barriers were significant.ConclusionsPatient interpretations of symptoms were influenced by financial barriers. Conceptualizing financial barriers as a component of the symptom appraisal process is conceptually different from viewing it as only a structural barrier preventing healthcare access.Implications for practiceThese findings extend our understanding of why and how patients seemingly ignore serious symptoms, which hamper physician ability to provide curative therapy. In addition to uninsured patients, this may have important implications for the treatment and care of those who are underinsured. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Daily well‐being of cancer survivors: the role of somatic amplification
Authors: Barrineau Mary Jon , Zarit Steven H. , King Heather A. , Costanzo Erin S. , Almeida David M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe current study examined the role that somatic amplification plays in placing cancer survivors at an increased risk of impairments in daily well‐being, specifically severity of physical symptoms, positive affect and negative affect.MethodsParticipants were drawn from Midlife Development in the United States National Study of daily health and well‐being (MIDUS) and the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE, Project 2). One hundred eleven individuals with a cancer history were compared with a matched comparison group of individuals who did not have a cancer history.ResultsResults show that across both groups, somatic amplification is associated with higher negative affect and higher severity of physical symptoms. However, results also show that a somatic amplification by cancer status interaction predicts severity of physical symptoms. The significant interaction indicates that in the comparison group, level of physical symptom severity is the same regardless of whether the individual is high or low on somatic amplification. However, in the group of individuals with a cancer history, individuals who are high on somatic amplification report more severe physical symptoms than individuals who are low on somatic amplification.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that heightened attention to minor bodily symptoms impacts individuals with a cancer history differently than individuals who have not experienced cancer, and therefore, may have important implications for the manner in which continued care is provided to cancer survivors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychosocial impact of lymphedema‐related distress among breast cancer survivors in the WHEL Study
Authors: Dominick Sally A. , Natarajan Loki , Pierce John P. , Madanat Hala , Madlensky Lisa 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveLymphedema is a distressing and chronic condition affecting up to 30% of breast cancer survivors. Using a cross‐sectional study design, we examined the impact of self‐reported lymphedema‐related distress on psychosocial functioning among breast cancer survivors in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study. The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study has a dataset that includes self‐report data on lymphedema status, symptoms, and distress.MethodsChi‐square tests and binary logistic regression models were used to examine how specific participant characteristics, including lymphedema‐related distress, were associated with physical health and mental health as measured by the SF‐36‐Item Health Survey and depressive symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale screening form.ResultsOf the 2431 participants included in the current study population, 692 (28.5%) self‐reported ever having lymphedema. A total of 335 (48.9%) women reported moderate to extreme distress as a result of their lymphedema and were classified as having lymphedema‐related distress. The logistic regression models showed that women with lymphedema‐related distress had 50% higher odds of reporting poor physical health (p = 0.01) and 73% higher odds of having poor mental health (p < 0.01) when compared with women without lymphedema. In contrast, even though lymphedema‐related distress was significantly associated (p = 0.03) with elevated depressive symptoms in the bivariate analyses, it was not significant in the logistic regression models.ConclusionBreast cancer survivors with lymphedema‐related distress had worse physical health and mental health outcomes than women with lymphedema who were not distressed and women with no lymphedema. Our findings provide further evidence of the relationship between lymphedema and psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulating gallium oxide layer produced by thermal oxidation of gallium‐polar GaN
Authors: Hossain T. , Wei D. , Nepal N. , Garces N. Y. , Hite J. K. , Meyer H. M. , Eddy C. R. , Baker Troy , Mayo Ashley , Schmitt Jason , Edgar J. H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe benefits of dry oxidation of n ‐GaN for the fabrication of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structures are reported. GaN thin films grown on sapphire by MOCVD were thermally oxidized for 30, 45 and 60 minutes in a pure oxygen atmosphere at 850 °C to produce thin, smooth GaOx layers. The GaN sample oxidized for 30 minutes had the best properties. Its surface roughness (0.595 nm) as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) was the lowest. Capacitance‐voltage measurements showed it had the best saturation in accumulation region and the sharpest transition from accumulation to depletion regions. Under gate voltage sweep, capacitance‐voltage hysteresis was completely absent. The interface trap density was minimum (Dit = 2.75×1010 cm–2eV–1) for sample oxidized for 30 mins. These results demonstrate a high quality GaOx layer is beneficial for GaN MOSFETs. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ferroelectric domain structure of NaNbO3 epitaxial thin films grown on (110) DyScO3 substrates
Authors: Schmidbauer Martin , Sellmann Jan , Braun Dorothee , Kwasniewski Albert , Duk Andreas , Schwarzkopf Jutta 
Published: February 2014

Abstractmagnified imageThin films of NaNbO3 have been grown under anisotropic tensile strain on orthorhombic (110) DyScO3 (DSO) substrates. Ferroelectric domain formation starts at about 6 nm film thickness and a periodic one‐dimensional pattern of type a1/a2/a1/a2 is formed with exclusive in‐plane electric polarization and individual domains aligned along the [001]DSO direction. With the onset of plastic strain relaxation at about 27 nm film thickness the one‐dimensional domain pattern transforms into a two‐dimensional array with domains aligned also along the $[1\bar 10]_{\rm DSO} $ direction and an additional out‐of‐plane component of the electrical polarization. With increasing film thickness the pseudocubic NaNbO3 unit cells exhibit an in‐plane monoclinic distortion which is very small for thin films and approaches the bulk value of 0.67° at film thicknesses larger than 130 nm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Role of Growth Options in Explaining Stock Returns
Authors: Trigeorgis Lenos , Lambertides Neophytos 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe extend the Fama-French (1992) model by considering growth option (as well as distress/leverage) variables in explaining the cross section of stock returns. We find that growth option variables, namely growth in capital investment and yet-unexercised growth options (GO), are significantly and negatively related to stock returns. Investors may be willing to accept lower average returns from growth stocks in exchange for a more favorable (positively skewed) risk-return profile. Book-to-market (BM) ratio seems to proxy for omitted distress/leverage variables. When these are explicitly accounted for, BM is not that significant. Our growth options variables have added explanatory power.
Co-chaperones of Hsp90 inPlasmodium falciparumand their concerted roles in cellular regulation
Authors: CHUA CHUN-SONG , LOW HUIYU , SIM TIOW-SUAN 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYCo-chaperones are well-known regulators of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that is essential in the eukaryotes for the folding and activation of numerous proteins involved in important cellular processes such as signal transduction, growth and developmental regulation. Co-chaperones assist Hsp90 in the protein folding process by modulating conformational changes to promote client protein interaction and functional maturation. With the recognition ofPlasmodium falciparumHsp90 (PfHsp90) as a potential antimalarial drug target, there is obvious interest in the study of its co-chaperones in their partnership in regulating cellular processes in malaria parasite. Previous studies on PfHsp90 have identified more than 10 co-chaperones inP. falciparumgenome. However, many of them remained annotated as putative proteins as their functionality has not been validated experimentally. So far, only five co-chaperones, PfHop, Pfp23, PfAha1, PfPP5 and PfFKBP35 have been characterized and shown to interact with PfHsp90. This review will summarize current knowledge on the co-chaperones inP. falciparumand discuss their regulatory roles on PfHsp90. As certain eukaryotic co-chaperones have also been implicated in altering the affinity of Hsp90 for its inhibitor, this review will also examine plasmodial co-chaperones’ potential influence on approaches towards designing antimalarials targeting PfHsp90.
Amygdala and anterior cingulate resting-state functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder patients with a history of interpersonal trauma
Authors: Krause-Utz A. , Veer I. M. , Rombouts S. A. R. B. , Bohus M. , Schmahl C. , Elzinga B. M. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundStudies in borderline personality disorder (BPD) have consistently revealed abnormalities in fronto-limbic brain regions during emotional, somatosensory and cognitive challenges. Here we investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of three fronto-limbic core regions of specific importance to BPD.MethodFunctional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 20 unmedicated female BPD patients and 17 healthy controls (HC, matched for age, sex and education) during rest. The amygdala, and the dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were defined as seeds to investigate RSFC patterns of a medial temporal lobe network, the salience network and default mode network. The Dissociation Experience Scale (DES), a measure of trait dissociation, was additionally used as a predictor of RSFC with these seed regions.ResultsCompared with HC, BPD patients showed a trend towards increased RSFC between the amygdala and the insula, orbitofrontal cortex and putamen. Compared with controls, patients furthermore exhibited diminished negative RSFC between the dorsal ACC and posterior cingulate cortex, a core region of the default mode network, and regions of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Last, increased negative RSFC between the ventral ACC and medial occipital regions was observed in BPD patients. DES scores were correlated with amygdala connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings suggest alterations in resting-state networks associated with processing of negative emotions, encoding of salient events, and self-referential processing in individuals with BPD compared with HC. These results shed more light on the role of abnormal brain connectivity in BPD.
Maximising utility does not promote survival
Authors: Cohen Daniel B. , Saling Lauren L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe argue that maximising utility does not promote survival. Hence, there is no reason to expect people to modulate effort according to a task's opportunity costs. There is also no reason why our evaluation of the marginal opportunity costs of tasks should predictably rise with repetition. Thus, the opportunity cost model cannot explain why tasks typically become harder over time.
“The map is not the territory”
Authors: Bookstein Fred L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al.’s claim that their “map … captures the essence of decision making” (target article, Abstract) is deconstructed and shown to originate in a serious misunderstanding of the role of principal components and statistical graphics in the generation of pattern claims and hypotheses from profile data. Three alternative maps are offered, each with its radiation of further investigations.
Extending the global village: Emotional communication in the online age
Authors: Buck Ross 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al.’s analysis of how human decision-making has changed in the online age does not mention emotion. Although the suggested dimensions involving social influence and transparency are interesting and suggestive, the engines behind the changes wrought by online media are arguably largely emotional, and implications of the communication of specific emotions via online media need to be better understood.
Adding network structure onto the map of collective behavior
Authors: Fortunato Santo , Saramäki Jari , Onnela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe propose an extension to the map of Bentley et al. by incorporating an aspect of underlying network structure that is likely relevant for many modes of collective behavior. This dimension, which captures a feature of network community structure, is known both from theory and from experiments to be relevant for decision-making processes.
Capturing the essence of decision making should not be oversimplified
Authors: Godzińska Ewa Joanna , Wróbel Andrzej 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al. propose a thought-provoking approach to the question of causal factors underlying human choice behavior. Their map model is interesting, but too simplified to capture the essence of decision making. They disregard, among other matters, qualitative differences between various subcategories of social influences, and the role of neurobiological factors engaged in interdependent individual and social decision-making processes.
Conflicting goals and their impact on games where payoffs are more or less ambiguous
Authors: Hopfensitz Astrid , Lorini Emiliano , Moisan Frederic 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe two-dimensional map by Bentley et al. concerns decision-making and not games. The east–west dimension is interpreted as the level at which individuals identify with some larger group. We think that this should be linked to the concept of social ties. We argue that social ties will lead to different outcomes in the “north” compared to the “south.”
Keeping conceptual boundaries distinct between decision making and learning is necessary to understand social influence
Authors: Le Mens Gaël 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al. make the deliberate choice to blur the distinction between learning and decision making. This obscures the social influence mechanisms that operate in the various empirical settings that their map aims to categorize. Useful policy prescriptions, however, require an accurate understanding of the social influence mechanisms that underlie the dynamics of popularity.
Cultural evolution in more than two dimensions: Distinguishing social learning biases and identifying payoff structures
Authors: Mesoudi Alex 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al.’s two-dimensional conceptual map is complementary to cultural evolution research that has sought to explain population-level cultural dynamics in terms of individual-level behavioral processes. Here, I qualify their scheme by arguing that different social learning biases should be treated distinctly, and that the transparency of decisions is sometimes conflated with the actual underlying payoff structure of those decisions.
The missing dimension: The relevance of people's conception of time
Authors: Norgate Sarah H. , Davies Nigel , Speed Chris , Cherrett Tom , Dickinson Janet 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhile a timely conceptual innovation for the digital age, the “map” proposed by Bentley et al. would benefit from strengthening through the inclusion of a non–clock-time perspective. In this way, there could be new hypotheses developed which could be applied and tested relevant to more diverse societies, cultures, and individuals.
What shapes social decision making?
Authors: Reader Simon M. , Leris Ioannis 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOutcome transparency and the weight given to social information both play important roles in decision making, but we argue that an overarching influence is the degree to which individuals can and do gather information. Evolution, experience, and development may shape individual specializations in social decision making that carry over across contexts, and these individual differences may influence collective behavior and cultural evolution.
A map of where? Problems with the “transparency” dimension
Authors: Spurrett David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTransparency is a fundamental concept in the target article by Bentley et al. But the text gives cryptic, inconclusive and sometimes conflicting suggestions as to what transparency consists of. Consequently, it is insufficiently clear what the north–south axis of the map of collective behaviour actually represents, or how to order behaviours by transparency.
Using big data to map the network organization of the brain
Authors: Swain James E. , Sripada Chandra , Swain John D. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe past few years have shown a major rise in network analysis of “big data” sets in the social sciences, revealing non-obvious patterns of organization and dynamic principles. We speculate that the dependency dimension – individuality versus sociality – might offer important insights into the dynamics of neurons and neuronal ensembles. Connectomic neural analyses, informed by social network theory, may be helpful in understanding underlying fundamental principles of brain organization.