bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetary period oscillations in Saturn's magnetosphere: Comparison of magnetic oscillations and SKR modulations in the postequinox interval
Authors: Provan G. , Lamy L. , Cowley S. W. H. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe compare the properties of planetary period oscillations observed in Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) and magnetospheric magnetic field data from Saturn equinox in August 2009 to July 2013. As shown previously, the southern and northern oscillation periods converged across equinox from ~10.8 h and ~10.6 h, respectively, during southern summer, to closely common values ~10.7 h approximately 1 year after equinox. Near coalescence is judged to have occurred approximately 3 months earlier in the SKR data, centered in late June 2010, than in the magnetic data, in late September, though SKR periods were particularly difficult to determine during this interval due to less clearly modulated emissions. Both data sets agree, however, that by early November 2010 the two periods had separated again but remained closely spaced with a difference in period of ~3 min about a mean of ~10.67 h, with the southern period remaining longer than the northern. Thus, no enduring reversal of the northern and southern periods took place following near coalescence in mid‐2010, the periods remaining uncrossed to the end of the interval studied here. The SKR modulations also show effects related to the sharp amplitude changes observed in the magnetic oscillation data at ~100–200 day intervals since February 2011, though the correspondences are not exact, indicating that other factors such as “seeing” effects on the variable Cassini orbit are also involved. Postequinox variations in the relative phase between the magnetic and SKR oscillations are also shown to be related to changes in orbit apoapsis orientation.
Costs Associated With Severe and Nonsevere Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Canada
Authors: Clarke Ann E. , Urowitz Murray B. , Monga Neerav , Hanly John G. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the annual direct medical cost of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Canada by disease severity and to estimate the incremental cost associated with disease severity and flares.MethodsMedical charts of consecutive patients seen in 3 SLE‐specialized treatment centers between July 2007 and June 2008 were retrospectively assessed for disease severity at baseline and for disease activity and health care resource utilization over the following 2 years (±6 months). Annual cost was stratified by disease severity at baseline. Two‐year cost was compared for patients with and without flares over 2 years. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the associations between annual cost and SLE severity, and between 2‐year cost and the number and type of flare (mild/moderate versus severe).ResultsA total of 109 active SLE patients (94% women, mean age 41.4 years, mean disease duration 11.3 years, 56 patients with severe disease) were studied. The average annual direct medical cost was $10,608 Canadian (2010 dollars) and was higher for patients with severe disease, $15,048 versus $5,917 (P < 0.001). The 2‐year direct cost for patients with at least 1 flare was $22,633 versus $11,113 (P = 0.028) for patients without flares. The mean incremental annual cost was $7,007 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] $3,487, $13,048) for an SLE patient with severe disease, and the 2‐year mean incremental cost was $5,848 (95% CI $2,919, $8,777) for each additional severe flare.ConclusionThe direct health care cost of SLE patients in Canada is influenced by disease severity and the type and frequency of flares.
Development of Functional Impairment and Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Followed for 20 Years: Relation to Disease Activity, Joint Damage, and Comorbidity
Authors: Kapetanovic Meliha C. , Lindqvist Elisabet , Nilsson Jan‐Åke , Geborek Pierre , Saxne Tore , Eberhardt Kerstin 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo study the course of impairment measured by Signals of Functional Impairment (SOFI) and disability measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) over 20 years in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients followed from the time of diagnosis, and to explore the contribution of disease activity, joint damage, and comorbidity to variation of SOFI and HAQ over time.MethodsPatients diagnosed with RA from 1985–1989 were prospectively monitored. There were 183 patients, 63% women, mean ± SD age 52 ± 12 years. Disease activity was measured by the 44‐joint Disease Activity Score (DAS), joint damage by Larsen score, and comorbidity by the Charlson Comorbidity Index. The contribution of comorbidity, DAS, and joint damage on development of SOFI and HAQ was studied at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years followup (hierarchical regression model) and over the total study period using a longitudinal regression model.ResultsSOFI progressed over 20 years while progression of HAQ levelled off after 10 years. For SOFI, DAS and joint damage contributed the most (2–28% and 3–31%, respectively). Over 20 years, SOFI was explained by DAS (20%), joint damage (20%), age (7%), and comorbidity (4%). For HAQ, DAS contributed the most (4–24%). Over 20 years, HAQ was explained by DAS (20%), joint damage (2%), sex (7%), comorbidity (6%), and age (4%).ConclusionOver 20 years, 51% of the variation of SOFI and 39% of the variation of HAQ could be explained by age, sex, variations in comorbidity, disease activity, and joint damage. Over time, disease activity contributed significantly to both SOFI and HAQ. Joint damage contributed predominantly to SOFI.
Perspectives of Vulnerable US Hispanics With Rheumatoid Arthritis on Depression: Awareness, Barriers to Disclosure, and Treatment Options
Authors: Withers Mellissa , Moran Rosalinda , Nicassio Perry , Weisman Michael H. , Karpouzas George A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveDespite the high prevalence of depression among vulnerable Hispanics with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many do not disclose it or seek treatment. This study explored patient perceptions of depression, its association with their primary disease, barriers to disclosure, reasons for low utilization of mental health care resources, and culturally acceptable intervention approaches.MethodsSemistructured interviews were conducted with 46 participants with RA. Depression was evaluated using Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9).ResultsThirty‐three percent of participants were moderately depressed at the time of the interview, based on PHQ‐9 score ≥10; 12 of 46 patients (26%) stated they were depressed regardless of PHQ‐9 score. Depression was perceived as a long‐term, severe problem leading to suicide. It was associated with weakness and character flaws, contributing to stigma and reduced likelihood of disclosure. Antidepressants were not acceptable; self‐reliance and interventions incorporating interpersonal connections were preferred. Systems‐related barriers to disclosure included lack of verbal screening, language barriers, limited clinic visit time, and lack of continuity of care, restricting trust with providers.ConclusionRectifying misconceptions, as well as providing education regarding the association between RA and depression, the continuum of symptoms, and the range of experiences incurred are needed to facilitate earlier recognition and reduce stigma. Use, duration, and goals of antidepressant therapy should be clarified. Providers should strive to establish trust and conduct in‐person depression screening to facilitate disclosure. Interventions with an interpersonal component, such as support groups or patient navigators, were preferred. Themes emphasizing coping strategies, stress reduction, positive thinking, self‐efficacy, and resiliency are likely to be most acceptable.
The Association Between Low Socioeconomic Status With High Physical Limitations and Low Illness Self‐Perception in Patients With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Results From the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study
Authors: Verstappen Suzanne M. M. , Cobb Joanna , Foster Helen E. , Fu Bo , Baildam Eileen , Wedderburn Lucy R. , Davidson Joyce E. , Ioannou John , Chieng Alice , Hyrich Kimme L. , Thomson Wendy 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and delay to a pediatric rheumatology clinic, disease severity, and illness perception in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in England.MethodsUsing the Index of Multiple Deprivation, 923 consecutive children from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study were assigned to SES groups: high‐SES (19.1%), middle‐SES (44.5%), or low‐SES (36.4%). At baseline, disease activity was assessed, and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ), the Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Child Health Questionnaire, version Parent Form 50, were completed. Linear median regression analyses or zero‐inflated negative binominal (ZINB) regression analyses were used.ResultsDelay to first pediatric rheumatology consultation was the same between the 3 SES groups. Although disease activity scores assessed by the pediatric rheumatologist did not differ between the 3 SES groups, persons in the low‐SES group recorded higher C‐HAQ scores compared to the high‐SES group (zero‐inflated part of ZINB odds ratio 0.28 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14, 0.55], count part of ZINB β 0.26 [95% CI 0.05, 0.48]). Parents with low SES also reported more often that their children's school work or activities with friends had been limited. Furthermore, the low‐SES group had a worse perception about the consequences of the disease and the effect of treatment than those in the high‐SES group.ConclusionPatients from a low‐SES background report more problems with daily activities and have a lower perception of the consequences of the disease than patients from a high‐SES background, warranting special attention from a multidisciplinary team.
pseudo Enantiomeric Carbohydrate Olefin Ligands – Case Study and Application in Kinetic Resolution in Rhodium(I)‐Catalysed 1,4‐Addition
Authors: Grugel Holger , Albrecht Fabian , Boysen Mike M. K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn order to investigate significant differences in asymmetric induction for pseudo enantiomeric carbohydrate olefin ligands in rhodium(I)‐catalysed 1,4‐addition reactions, we designed a set of new olefin ligands differing in relative configuration and pyranoside conformation. With these, we have successfully elucidated structural requirements for metal binding and also identified an improved alternative for one pseudo enantiomer. Furthermore, we report the efficient kinetic resolution of a racemic 4‐hydroxycyclopentenone derivative by 1,4‐addition.magnified image
Hydroaminomethylation of Olefins with Aminomethyltrifluoroborate by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Miyazawa Kazuki , Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA photocatalytic hydroaminomethylation of olefins with N‐protected aminomethyltrifluoroborates has been developed. This methodology provides a new strategy for the introduction of a primary aminomethyl group onto electron‐deficient CC bonds. This reaction constitutes a facile entry into synthetically useful γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives such as baclofen.magnified image
α,α‐Dichlorination of Oxindole Derivatives Using (Dichloroiodo)benzene
Authors: Murphy Graham K. , Abbas Farhana Z. , Poulton Amy V. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUse of the hypervalent aryl‐λ3‐iodane reagent iodobenzene dichloride (PhICl2) in the α‐carbonyl dichlorination of 2‐oxindoles is reported. Treating a series of diversely substituted 3‐diazo‐2‐oxindoles with PhICl2 in the presence of pyridine, a Lewis base iodane‐activator, results in 3,3‐dichloro‐2‐oxindole products. Activation of PhICl2 is key to the chlorination proceeding rapidly, chemoselectively and in good to excellent yields. This investigation represents a novel approach to the synthesis of 3,3‐disubstituted‐2‐oxindoles, and illustrates the compatibility of the ligand‐transfer reaction with the 2‐oxindole scaffold.magnified image
Copper‐Free Sonogashira Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by PVC‐Supported Triazine Palladium(II) Complex Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Bakherad Mohammad , Keivanloo Ali , Hadi Amene , Siavoshi Maesoume 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA PVC‐supported triazine palladium(II) complex is a highly active catalyst for the copper‐free Sonogashira coupling of aryl halides with terminal alkynes at room temperature under aerobic conditions. This phosphine‐free heterogeneous palladium catalyst can be easily recovered from the products and reused many times.
Untersuchung schwacher Protein‐Ligand‐Wechselwirkungen mithilfe langlebiger NMR‐Zustände: verbesserter Kontrast für das fragmentbasierte Wirkstoffscreening
Authors: Buratto Roberto , Mammoli Daniele , Chiarparin Elisabetta , Williams Glyn , Bodenhausen Geoffrey 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDie vorteilhaften Eigenschaften langlebige Zustände (LLS, “long‐lived states”) in der NMR‐Spektroskopie ermöglichen ein effizientes Affinitätsscreening von Substanzbibliotheken. Wir beschreiben hier die Anwendung der LLS in kompetitiven Bindungsstudien, um präzise auch schwache Bindungskonstanten von Fragmenten an die ATP‐Bindungsstelle der N‐terminalen ATPase‐Domäne des Hitzeschockproteins 90 (Hsp90), einem therapeutischen Ansatzpunkt in der Krebstherapie, zu bestimmen. Der LLS‐Ansatz ermöglicht es, Liganden über einen außergewöhnlich weiten Bereich von Affinitäten aufzuspüren, denn er kann auch bei Ligandenkonzentrationen [L], die einige Größenordnungen kleiner als die DissoziationskonstantenKDsind, verwendet werden. Diese Eigenschaft macht das LLS‐Experiment besonders für die erste Stufe des fragmentbasierten Screenings attraktiv, in dem kleine Moleküle (Fragmente) mit geringer Bindungsneigung identifiziert werden müssen, was mit allen anderen biophysikalischen Methoden nur schwer gelingt.
Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Correlates With Expression of the Transcription Factor AT‐Rich–Interactive Domain 3A
Authors: Ward Julie M. , Rose Kira , Montgomery Courtney , Adrianto Indra , James Judith A. , Merrill Joan T. , Webb Carol F. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and multifactorial autoimmune disease with striking clinical, immunologic, and genetic heterogeneity, despite nearly ubiquitous antinuclear antibody (ANA) production. Multiple gene polymorphisms have been associated with the disease, but these individually account for only a very small percentage of overall SLE risk. In earlier studies, constitutive expression of the DNA‐binding protein AT‐rich–interactive domain 3A (ARID3a) in transgenic mouse B lymphocyte lineage cells led to spontaneous ANA production and preferential development of B cells associated with production of polyreactive antibodies. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine whether ARID3a was overexpressed in B lymphocytes of SLE patients and whether ARID3a expression was associated with disease severity.MethodsA cross‐section of SLE patients, rheumatoid arthritis patients, and age‐ and sex‐matched controls was analyzed longitudinally for lupus disease activity, numbers of ARID3a+ peripheral blood mononuclear B cells from multiple B cell subsets, and immunoglobulin and cytokine levels.ResultsFifty of 115 SLE patients (43%) had dramatically increased numbers of ARID3a+ B cells compared to healthy controls. ARID3a was not expressed in naive B cells of healthy controls, but was abundant in these precursors of antibody‐secreting cells in SLE patients. Total numbers of ARID3a+ B cells correlated with increased disease activity as defined by SLE Disease Activity Index scores in individuals assessed at 3 time points.ConclusionThese findings identify B cell anomalies in SLE that allow stratification of patient samples based on ARID3a expression and implicate ARID3a as a potential marker of CD19+ B lymphocytes correlated with disease activity.
Meta‐Analysis of Assay Sensitivity and Study Features in Clinical Trials of Pharmacologic Treatments for Osteoarthritis Pain
Authors: Dworkin Robert H. , Turk Dennis C. , Peirce‐Sandner Sarah , He Hua , McDermott Michael P. , Hochberg Marc C. , Jordan Joanne M. , Katz Nathaniel P. , Lin Allison H. , Neogi Tuhina , Rappaport Bob A. , Simon Lee S. , Strand Vibeke 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo identify patient, study, and site factors associated with assay sensitivity in clinical trials of pharmacologic treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) pain.MethodsWe examined associations between study characteristics and the standardized effect size (SES) in a database of 171 publicly available randomized clinical trials of pharmacologic treatment for OA pain. The included trials 1) evaluated oral, topical, or transdermal treatments, 2) had treatment durations of ≥7 days, 3) used parallel‐group or crossover designs, 4) included patients with OA of the knee, hip, and/or hand, and 5) were placebo controlled and double blind. Crossover trials were excluded, because complete information was available for only 2 of 20 treatment conditions.ResultsThere was considerable heterogeneity in the SES among the examined trials. A multiple meta‐regression analysis indicated that trials with shorter treatment period durations and those that did not permit concomitant analgesics had significantly greater assay sensitivity. In univariate analyses of efficacious treatments, trials conducted outside North America and those with a minimum baseline pain intensity score (as defined by the inclusion criterion) of ≥40 (0–100 scale) had a significantly larger SES, although these relationships were not significant in the multiple meta‐regression analysis.ConclusionThe analyses examined potentially modifiable correlates of study SES and showed that longer treatment durations and allowing concomitant analgesics in randomized clinical trials of OA pain are associated with reduced assay sensitivity. These data provide a foundation for investigating strategies to improve assay sensitivity and thereby decrease the likelihood of false‐negative outcomes in randomized clinical trials of efficacious treatments for OA pain.
The Effect of Goal Difficulty on Escalation of Commitment
Authors: Lee Jong Seok , Keil Mark , Wong Kin Fai Ellick 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEscalation of commitment to a failing course of action is a problem in behavioral decision making that occurs across a wide range of social contexts. In this research, we show that examining escalation of commitment from a goal setting theory perspective provides fresh insights into how goal difficulty influences escalation of commitment. Specifically, through a series of two experiments, we found a curvilinear relationship between goal difficulty and post‐feedback goal commitment, which was mediated by valence and expectancy associated with goal attainment. In turn, it is commitment to goals that leads individuals to continue a previous course of action despite negative feedback. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple processes for optimized growth and harvest of Ettlia sp. by pH control using CO2 and light irradiation
Authors: Yoo Chan , La Hyun‐Joon , Kim Sun‐Chang , Oh Hee‐Mock 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMicroalgae cultures show wide range of pH depending on the availability of light and CO2 for their strain specific photosynthesis. Thus, the modulation of light irradiation and CO2 supply can be applied for the pH control of microalgae cultures. The optimal pH of Ettlia sp. YC001, for phototrophic growth and auto‐flocculation was investigated by controlling light irradiation and 10% CO2 supply. Ettlia sp. YC001 showed the highest biomass productivity, 96.7 mg L−1 d−1, at pH 8.5. The flocculating activity of Ettlia sp. YC001 showed a sigmoid pattern with pH increase and was above 70% at pH 10.5. Based on these differentiated optimal pH regimes for the growth and flocculation, an integrated process consisting of cultivation and settling vessels was proposed. The integrated process demonstrated that high flocculation activity of Ettlia sp. YC001 could be achieved in the settling vessel with various hydraulic retention times by only irradiation of light to maintain high pH while maintaining the optimal growth in cultivation vessel with the light irradiation and CO2 supply at pH 8.5. Thus, the proposed strategy for pH control would provide a simple, cost‐effective, and flexible design and operation for microalgae cultivation‐harvest systems. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 288–296. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into neuron‐like cells induced by neuronal lineage specifying growth factors
Authors: Greene Carol Ann , Green Colin R. , Sherwin Trevor 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe previously reported that neural‐crest‐derived stromal cells from adult human and rat corneas can differentiate into neuron‐like cells when treated with neuronal lineage specifying growth factors. However, it remains unclear whether this level of cell plasticity is unique to the corneal stromal cell population present in the eye. In this study, non‐neural‐crest‐derived chondrocytes from the xiphosternum of adult rats were subjected to the same differentiation protocol. Cells of the adult rat xiphosternum can also differentiate into neuron‐like cells when treated with neurogenic differentiation specifying growth factors. After 1 week in neurogenic differentiation culture conditions, the chondrocytes changed from a round to a stellate morphology and started to express neuron‐specific protein neurofilament‐200 (NF‐200), microtubule associated protein‐2 (Map‐2), and β‐III tubulin. Lineage‐specifying growth factors can affect changes in morphology and protein expression of adult cells in culture, findings that challenge the notion of a restricted differentiation potential of adult cell populations and questions the stability of the differentiated state of cells.
Oil|Water Interfacial Phosphate Transfer Facilitated by Boronic Acid: Observation of Unusually Fast Oil|Water Lateral Charge Transport
Authors: Li Meng , Lewis Grace E. M. , James Tony D. , Long Yi‐Tao , Kasprzyk‐Hordern Barbara , Mitchels John M. , Marken Frank 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAnion transfer for highly hydrophilic phosphate and hydroxide anions into a water‐immiscible organic phase, 3‐(4‐phenylpropyl)‐pyridine (or PPP), is driven with the tetraphenylporphyrinato manganese(II/III) (or TPPMn) redox system and facilitated with a hydrophobic oil‐based boronic acid ((3‐(1,3‐dioxo‐6‐propylamino‐1H‐benzo[de]isoquinolin‐2(3 H)‐yl)phenyl)boronic acid). Both 1) experiments with random arrays of microdroplets (transient) and 2) experiments in a gold–gold dual‐plate oil‐filled microtrench generator‐collector configuration (approaching steady state), show that phosphate transfer is facilitated by boronic acid. At pH 7.5 a switch in mechanism occurs from phosphate transfer to hydroxide transfer. Accelerated charge transport is observed lateral to the oil|water interface. Improved boronic acid facilitators and nanotrench electrodes are discussed in terms of future feasibility for phosphate sensing applications.