bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relevance of recognizing clinical and morphologic features of pityriasis lichenoides: clinicopathological study of 29 cases
Authors: Markus Jandrei Rogério , Oliveira Carvalho Vânia , Nunes Lima Monica , Taniguchi Abagge Kerstin , Nascimento Alexandre , Werner Betina 
Published: November 2013

Background: Pityriasis lichenoides (PL) is a lymphoproliferative disease of unknown origin; its diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics and confirmed by histology.
Objectives: To describe clinical and histological features of PL in 29 pediatric patients.
Materials and Methods: Retrospective descriptive study of children (patients less than 15 years old) diagnosed with PL between 1986 and 2010 at a Reference Service in Pediatric Dermatology from South Brazil.
Results: Twenty-nine PL cases were found by chart review in 24 years. Mean age of diagnosis was 8 years (22 to 178 months) and a mean time of diagnosis was 13.8 months (1 to 120 months). Twenty cases (69%) were male. Seasonal correlation was found with colder months in 62% of cases (p< 0.01). Clinical diagnosis was pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC) in 25 cases, and pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) in four. Itching was the main reported symptom occurring in 13 (45%). Fourteen cases had been histologically evaluated. In six, microscopic findings were consistent with PLC, in four consistent with PLEVA, and four biopsies exhibited mixed characteristics of both forms. Concordance between clinical and histological diagnosis was seen in most cases.
Conclusion: PL occurs in children and young adults, more commonly in males, and during cold months. PLC was the more frequent clinicohistologic form, and necrotic lesions characterized PLEVA. Associating clinical and histological findings is important for differentiating between PLC and PLEVA diagnosis.
Systematic review of diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy for melanoma diagnosis in patients with clinically equivocal skin lesions
Authors: Stevenson Alexander D. , Mickan Sharon , Mallett Susan , Ayya Mekhala 
Published: November 2013

Background: Melanoma is a cancer of the skin and is increasing in incidence in the UK and Europe. Melanoma is a condition that is often curable if detected at an early stage, which makes accurate diagnosis vital. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a tool used to image the skin. It gives high magnification images of the skin, which may provide more accurate diagnosis of lesions that are equivocal on clinical examination and dermoscopy.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), for melanoma diagnosis, as an add-on test to clinical examination and dermoscopy in the diagnosis of equivocal pigmented skin lesions using histopathology as the reference standard.
Methods: A search was conducted of MEDLINE, EMBASE and six other electronic databases from inception to present. Forward citation searching and hand searching of reference lists were also conducted. Diagnostic accuracy studies that assess RCM in the diagnosis of melanoma were included in the review. Two contributors conducted the search, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality using QUADAS-2. Statistical analysis was performed using hierarchical bivariate random effects meta-analysis.
Results: 951 titles and abstracts were screened. Five studies comprising 909 lesions were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis returned a per lesion sensitivity of 93% [95% CI 89-96] and a specificity of 76% [95% CI 68-83].
Conclusions: The utility of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as an add-on test for the diagnosis of melanoma depends on the trade off between over-excising benign lesions and misdiagnosing melanoma as benign. This becomes important when considering lesions on surgically difficult or cosmetically important areas of the body.
Outcomes of antiretroviral treatment programmes in rural Lesotho: health centres and hospitals compared
Authors: Labhardt Niklaus Daniel , Keiser Olivia , Sello Motlalepula , Lejone Thabo Ishmael , Pfeiffer Karolin , Davies Mary‐Ann , Egger Matthias , Ehmer Jochen , Wandeler Gilles ,   the SolidarMed ART Program and IeDEA‐Southern Africa
Published: November 2013

IntroductionLesotho was among the first countries to adopt decentralization of care from hospitals to nurse‐led health centres (HCs) to scale up the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We compared outcomes between patients who started ART at HCs and hospitals in two rural catchment areas in Lesotho.MethodsThe two catchment areas comprise two hospitals and 12 HCs. Patients ≥16 years starting ART at a hospital or HC between 2008 and 2011 were included. Loss to follow‐up (LTFU) was defined as not returning to the facility for ≥180 days after the last visit, no follow‐up (no FUP) as not returning after starting ART, and retention in care as alive and on ART at the facility. The data were analysed using logistic regression, competing risk regression and Kaplan‐Meier methods. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for sex, age, CD4 cell count, World Health Organization stage, catchment area and type of ART. All analyses were stratified by gender.ResultsOf 3747 patients, 2042 (54.5%) started ART at HCs. Both women and men at hospitals had more advanced clinical and immunological stages of disease than those at HCs. Over 5445 patient‐years, 420 died and 475 were LTFU. Kaplan‐Meier estimates for three‐year retention were 68.7 and 69.7% at HCs and hospitals, respectively, among women (p=0.81) and 68.8% at HCs versus 54.7% at hospitals among men (p<0.001). These findings persisted in adjusted analyses, with similar retention at HCs and hospitals among women (odds ratio (OR): 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73–1.09) and higher retention at HCs among men (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.20–1.96). The latter result was mainly driven by a lower proportion of patients LTFU at HCs (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51–0.93).ConclusionsIn rural Lesotho, overall retention in care did not differ significantly between nurse‐led HCs and hospitals. However, men seemed to benefit most from starting ART at HCs, as they were more likely to remain in care in these facilities compared to hospitals.
In Vitro Assays of Chemotaxis as a Window into Mechanisms of Toxicant‐Induced Immunomodulation
Authors: Pietrosimone Kathryn M. , Bhandari Sadikshya , Lemieux Michael G. , Knecht David A. , Lynes Michael A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDysregulated cell movement can lead to developmental abnormalities, neoplasia, and immune system disorders, and there are a variety of contexts in which xenobiotics (and biologic) effects on this movement are of interest. Many toxins and toxicants have been shown to disrupt controlled cell movement. Identification of compounds that affect cell movement is crucial to drug discovery. Drug components may have unexpected consequences with respect to cell motility, which would exclude these compounds in drug development. Finally, the development of drugs that target chemotactic pathways may be useful in the treatment of tumors, which often reprogram chemotactic pathways to become metastatic. The effects of these agents on cell movement can be measured using several different in vitro chemotactic assays. This review details the procedures of three in vitro measurements of chemotaxis: the Boyden chamber, the under‐agarose assay, and the automated, real‐time, ECIS/Taxis assay, and discusses the inferences that can be drawn from the results of such studies. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 58:18.17.1‐18.17.24. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flow improvement of Liaohe extraheavy oil with comb‐type copolymers
Authors: Jiang Hejian , Xu Jun , Wei Xiaoming , Wang Tongshuai , Wang Weina , Li Li , Guo Xuhong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLiaohe extraheavy oil is a kind of special crude oil with high paraffin and asphaltene contents and a pour point of up to 60°C. To improve its flowability, comb‐type poly(maleic alkylamide‐co‐α‐octadecene) copolymers (MACs) with various amidation ratios were synthesized and used. Model oils containing paraffin mixtures with the same average carbon number to Liaohe extraheavy oil with and without asphaltene were prepared to explore the effect of the MACs on paraffin crystallization and asphaltene dispersion, respectively. We found that MACs reduced the yield stress, changed the size and shape of the paraffin crystals, and obstructed the paraffin crystallization for both model oils and extraheavy Liaohe oils as observed by rheology, polarizing light microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The MACs seemed to be an ideal candidate for improving the flowability of Liaohe extraheavy oils. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40082.
Reactions of Aromatic S‐ and O‐Enynes with Two Methyl Substituents on the Olefinic Unit Assisted by a Ruthenium Complex: Tandem Cyclization and Product Selectivity
Authors: Feng Yi‐Jhen , Lai Ying‐Hsuan , Lin Ying‐Chih , Huang Shou‐Ling , Liu Yi‐Hung 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRuthenium‐assisted cyclizations of two enynes, HC≡CCH(OH)(C6H4)XCH2CHCMe2 (X=S (1a), O (1b)), each of which contains two terminal methyl substituents on the olefinic parts, are explored. The reaction of 1a in CH2Cl2 gives the vinylidene complex 2a from the first cyclization and two side products, 3a and the carbene complex 4a with a benzothiophene ligand. The same reaction in the presence of HBF4 affords 4a exclusively. Air oxidation of 4a in the presence of Et3N readily gives an aldehyde product. In MeOH, tandem cyclizations of 1a generate a mixture of the benzothiochromene compound 10a and the carbene complex 7a also with a benzothiochromene ligand. First, cyclization of 1b likewise proceeds in CH2Cl2 to give 2b. Tandem cyclization of 1b in MeOH yields comparable products 10b and 7b with benzochromene moieties, yet with no other side product. The reaction of [Ru]Cl with HC≡CCH(OH)(C6H4)SCH2CHCH2 (1c), which contains no methyl substituent in the olefinic part, in MeOH gives the carbene complex 15c with an unsubstituted thiochromene by means of a CS bond formation. Structures of 3a and 15c are confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. The presence of methyl groups of enynes 1a and 1b promotes sequential cyclization reactions that involve CC bond formation through carbocationic species.
The Combination of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy towards More Efficient Drug Delivery
Authors: Cao Wei , Gu Yuwei , Meineck Myriam , Xu Huaping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractResearch on anticancer therapies has advanced significantly in recent years. New therapeutic platforms that can further improve the health of patients are still highly demanded. We propose the idea of combining regular chemotherapy with radiation therapy to minimize side effects as well as increase drug‐delivery efficiency. In this Focus Review, we seek to provide an overview of recent advances that can combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We begin by reviewing the current state of systems that can combine chemotherapy and gamma radiation. Among them, diselenide‐containing polymers are highlighted as sensitive drug‐delivery vehicles that can disassemble under gamma radiation. Then X‐ray responsive materials as promising alternative systems are summarized, including X‐ray responsive drug‐delivery vehicles, prodrugs that can be activated by X‐rays, and radiation‐site‐targeting systems. Finally, we describe strategies that involve phototherapies.
Autoreduction of Copper on Silica and Iron‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles with Interparticle Mesoporosity
Authors: Popova Margarita , Ristić Alenka , Mazaj Matjaž , Maučec Darja , Dimitrov Momtchil , Tušar Nataša Novak 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCopper‐supported catalysts are of industrial importance in many catalytic processes. Mesoporous silica materials are of particular interest as green heterogeneous catalyst supports. In the present study we demonstrate the nature and reduction properties of copper oxide species, which are influenced by the peculiarity of the silica nanoparticles with interparticle mesoporosity (KIL family) and the presence of a second metal (iron) in the silica matrix. The copper‐containing KIL‐2 and FeKIL‐2 samples are prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The reduction of copper oxide species is easier on the FeKIL‐2 supported sample in comparison to its KIL‐2 supported analogue, whereas the copper‐containing KIL‐2 sample shows higher catalytic activity in total toluene oxidation. The presence of iron in the FeKIL‐2 structure leads to autoreduction of copper followed by the redispersion and oxidation of metallic copper in the reaction medium; this results in the formation of different types of finely dispersed copper oxide species (<100 nm). The later species possess lower catalytic activity in toluene oxidation in comparison to species that are 100 nm in size and formed on KIL‐2.
ChemInform Abstract: Ordered vs. Disordered Perovskites; Structural Studies of Fe‐Doped SrIrO3 and SrRuO3.
Authors: Qasim Ilyas , Blanchard Peter E. R. , Liu Samuel , Tang Chunguang , Kennedy Brendan J. , Avdeev Maxim , Kimpton Justin A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of Sr2Ir2‐yFeyO6 (y = 0.67, 0.8, 1, 1.33) and SrRu1‐xFexO3 (x = 0.2, 0.33, 0.4, 0.5, 0.67) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, Ru or Ir, and Fe2O3 (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 1100 °C, and 1120 °C, for 2 d each).
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Supertetrahedra‐Layered Telluride CsMnInTe3: Why Does This Type of Chalcogenide Tilt?
Authors: Lin Hua , Shen Jin‐Ni , Chen Ling , Wu Li‐Ming 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe dark‐red title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of In, Mn, Te, and CsCl as a reactive flux (1273 K, 4 d, 85% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: The Solid Solution Series (GeTe)x(LiSbTe2)2 (1 ≤ x ≤ 11) and the Thermoelectric Properties of (GeTe)11(LiSbTe2)2.
Authors: Schroeder Thorsten , Schwarzmueller Stefan , Stiewe Christian , de Boor Johannes , Hoelzel Markus , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe title compounds (x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11) and the x = 0 end‐member Li2Sb2Te4 are obtained from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (Ar, 700 °C, 1 h) and characterized by powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction, and thermoelectric measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li‐Excess Li1+x [Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3]O2 Cathode Materials Using Ammonia‐Free Chelating Agent.
Authors: Kong Ji‐Zhou , Yang Xiao‐Yan , Zhai Hai‐Fa , Ren Chong , Li Hui , Li Jun‐Xiu , Tang Zhou , Zhou Fei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3(OH)2 spherical precursor with an average particle size of 9.88 μm is prepared via co‐precipitation from an aqueous solution of NiSO4, CoSO4, and MnSO4 (Ni:Co:Mn = 5:2:3) using NaOH as precipitating and oxalic acid as chelating/reducing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Flower‐Like Ag/AgBr/BiOBr Microspheres and Their High Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation for p‐Nitrophenol.
Authors: Li Tingting , Luo Shenglian , Yang Lixia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFlower‐like Ag/AgBr/BiOBr microspheres are prepared by microwave‐assisted solvothermal and in situ photo‐assisted reduction involving 1‐hexadecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide as Br source in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactant in ethylene glycol (900 W microwaves, 160 °C, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Alkali Earth Borohydride Sr(BH4)2 and Borohydride‐Chloride Sr(BH4)Cl.
Authors: Ravnsbaek D. B. , Nickels E. A. , Cerny R. , Olesen C. H. , David W. I. F. , Edwards P. P. , Filinchuk Y. , Jensen T. R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSr(BH4)2 is synthesized by reaction of SrCl2, NaBH4, and LiBH4 in anhydrous THF (N2, room temperature, 2 d) and by ball‐milling of LiBH4 and SrCl2 in a molar ratio ≥2:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Synthesis of Erbium Borohydride: Polymorphism, Thermal Decomposition and Hydrogen Storage.
Authors: Gennari F. C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe new compound Er(BH4)3 is synthesized by milling of LiBH4 and ErCl3 under argon (200 rpm, 5 h interrupted by periods of rest).
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetic Transitions of Osmium‐Containing Rare Earth Double Perovskites Ba2LnOsO6 (Ln = Rare Earths).
Authors: Hinatsu Yukio , Doi Yoshihiro , Wakeshima Makoto 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of Ba2LnOsO6 compounds (Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm—Lu) is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaO2, OsO2, metallic Os, and Ln2O3 (evacuated silica tubes, 1170 K, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Highly Asymmetric 1,5(6)‐Selective Cyclization Reaction of α‐Hydroxyimino Cyclic Ketones: Direct Approach to Ring‐Fused Hydroxyimino Dihydropyrans.
Authors: Liu Luping , Zhang Dekui , Zhang Panpan , Jiang Xianxing , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe first catalytic asymmetric 1,5(6)‐selective Michael addition/cyclization reaction of α‐hydroxyimino ketones (I) and (IV) with γ,β‐unsaturated α‐keto esters, such as (II) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Generation of Palladium Complexes: Efficient Head‐to‐Tail Dimerization of Alkynes.
Authors: Chen Tieqiao , Guo Cancheng , Goto Midori , Han Li‐Biao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA highly selective head‐to‐tail dimerization of aliphatic and aromatic alkynes (I) and (III) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Oxidation by Electronically Tuned Nitroxyl Radical Catalysts.
Authors: Hamada Shohei , Furuta Takumi , Wada Yoshiyuki , Kawabata Takeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe nitroxyl radical shown in the scheme is found to be an efficient catalyst for the oxidation of secondary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Co‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Tertiary Alkyl Grignard Reagents Using a 1,3‐Butadiene Additive.
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Takagawa Hiroaki , Singh Surya P. , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe use of isoprene and LiI is essential for the high yields of the reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclotriveratrylene Analogues with C1‐Symmetry and the Application for 1,4‐Michael Addition of Alcohols to Unsaturated Aryl Ketone.
Authors: Song Jing‐Ru , Huang Zhi‐Tang , Zheng Qi‐Yu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeveral C1‐symmetric cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) analogues like (I), which possesses a methyleneimidazolium unit at the upper rim of the macrocyclic skeleton, are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopropanes from Vinylarenes and Esters in the Presence of ClnAlEt3‐n and Cp2ZrCl2 as Catalyst.
Authors: Khafizova L. O. , Gubaidullin P. R. , Shaibakova M. G. , Dzhemilev U. M. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract11 Cyclopropanes of type (III)/(IV) and (VI)/(VII) are prepared in continuation of earlier studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Double Hetero‐Michael Addition of N‐Substituted Hydroxylamines to Quinone Monoketals: Synthesis of Bridged Isoxazolidines.
Authors: Yin Zhiwei , Zhang Jinzhu , Wu Jing , Liu Che , Sioson Kate , Devany Matthew , Hu Chunhua , Zheng Shengping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractQuinone monoketals (I) give bridged isoxazolidines in high yields, whereas significantly lower yields are obtained by using substituted substrates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Accelerating Low‐Loading Copper‐Catalyzed Effective Synthesis of (E)‐1,3‐Enynes by Coupling Between Vinyl Halides and Alkynes Performed in Water.
Authors: Sun Peng , Yan Hong , Lu Linhua , Liu Defu , Rong Guangwei , Mao Jincheng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe title reaction provides best results when vinyl bromides are used as substrates, whereas vinyl chlorides and iodides give low yields of the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylation of Aldehydes with Potassium Allyltrifluoroborate Catalyzed by Amberlyst A‐15.
Authors: Couto Tulio R. , Freitas Juliano C. R. , Cavalcanti Italo H. , Oliveira Roberta A. , Menezes Paulo H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe title reaction is advantageous with respect to short reaction times, high yields, mild reaction conditions, and simple product isolation.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Enynes.
Authors: Meyer Vera J. , Fu Liang , Marquardt Fabian , Niggemann Meike 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe calcium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of enynes proceeds in the presence of MgSO4·xH2O as slowly releasing source of water to yield various ring sizes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidant‐Free Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Olefination of Arenes with Allyl Acetates.
Authors: Feng Chao , Feng Daming , Loh Teck‐Peng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel cationic Rh(III)‐catalyzed olefination of N,N‐dialkylbenzamides with allylic acetates is developed to give trans‐olefins in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Aminocarbonylation of Iodoarenes at Atmospheric Pressure Catalyzed by a Robust Acenaphthoimidazolyidene Allylic Palladium Complex.
Authors: Fang Weiwei , Deng Qinyue , Xu Mizhi , Tu Tao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA robust Pd‐NHC complex is described as highly efficient catalyst for the aminocarbonylation of a variety of aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild, One‐Pot Stadler—Ziegler Synthesis of Arylsulfides Facilitated by Photoredox Catalysis in Batch and Continuous‐Flow.
Authors: Wang Xiao , Cuny Gregory D. , Noel Timothy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis novel one‐pot Stadler‐Ziegler process reduces two potential explosion hazards: the need for diazonium salt isolation is eliminated and the formation of diazosulfides is minimized.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Styryl Substituted Semicarbazides under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Chai Lan‐Qin , Zhang Hong‐Song , Liu Gang , Huang Jiao‐Jiao , Cheng Qiao‐Qiao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the title semicarbazides (IV) and (VI) (16 examples in all) is accomplished employing the Curtius rearrangement of cinnamoyl azide (I) followed by nucleophile addition of hydrazides to the NCO moiety under microwave conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Tetradentate Bisoxazoline Ligands from L‐Serine and β‐DDB for Asymmetric Pinacol Coupling Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Wen Jiwu , Liu Limin , Zhou Xiaochun , Hu Ronghua , Xu Yaping 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA series of novel hydroxyl‐containing tetradentate bisoxazolines are synthesized and successfully applied as chiral ligands in the asymmetric pinacol coupling of aromatic aldehydes (8 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Bond Breaking of Cyclic Anhydrides: Easy Access to Polyfunctionalized Naphthalenes and Phenanthrenes.
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Hazrati Hamideh , Nouraldinmousa Sorour 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA novel method for the decarboxylative and decarbonylative addition of cyclic anhydrides to alkynes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Atom Economic Synthesis and AChE Inhibitory Activity of Novel Dispiro 7‐Aryltetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c][1,3]thiazole and 4‐Aryloctahydroindolizine N‐Methylpiperidin‐4‐one Hybrid Heterocycles.
Authors: Sivakumar Sathiyamoorthi , Kumar Raju Ranjith , Ali Mohamed Ashraf , Choon Tan Soo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) are synthesized via 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides generated in situ from acenaphthenequinone (II) and amino acids (III) to pyridinones (I) and are evaluated for their AChE inhibitory activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Ketyl‐Olefin Cyclizations Enabled by Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer.
Authors: Tarantino Kyle T. , Liu Peng , Knowles Robert R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe development of a new catalytic protocol for ketyl‐olefin coupling is reported and evidence is given to support a concerted proton‐coupled electron transfer being the operative mechanism of ketyl formation.