bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Oxidation in Processed Meat: Mechanisms and Potential Implications on Human Health
Authors: Soladoye O.P. , Juárez M.L. , Aalhus J.L. , Shand P. , Estévez M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractProcessed meats represent a large percentage of muscle foods consumed in the western world. Various processing steps affect the physicochemical properties of the meat, compromise its nutritional components, or produce some compounds that are of health concern. Hence, the impact of oxidation on human health and the aging process and the influence of diet on these harmful reactions are of growing interest. Past decades have seen more focus on lipid oxidation, microbial deterioration, and pathogenicity, as well as production of carcinogenic compounds during meat processing. The oxidation of protein, which is a major component in meat systems, has received less attention. Protein oxidation has been defined as a covalent modification of protein induced either directly by reactive species or indirectly by reaction with secondary by‐products of oxidative stress. Not only are these modifications critical for technological and sensory properties of muscle foods, they may have implications on human health and safety when consumed. Cooking, for example, has been observed to increase free radical generation while it also decreases the antioxidant protection systems in meat, both of which contribute to protein oxidation. Many other meat processing techniques, as well as other emerging technologies, may significantly affect protein oxidation and protein overall quality. This paper explores the current understanding of meat processing techniques and their possible effects on the status of protein oxidation and nutritional value, as well as their possible implications on human health.
Determination of Sex: Interest of Frontal Sinus 3D Reconstructions
Authors: Michel Justin , Paganelli Arnaud , Varoquaux Arthur , Piercecchi‐Marti Marie‐Dominique , Adalian Pascal , Leonetti Georges , Dessi Patrick 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFrontal sinuses (FSs) have been studied in radiology, anthropology, and forensic anthropology. This study aimed to determine whether it was possible to predict the age and sex of an individual using FS volume. Sixty‐nine anonymized CT scans were imported to MIMICS 10.01® software (Materialise N.V.), and each FS volume was calculated in mm3. There was an absence of significant difference between right and left FS volume (p = 0.173) and an absence of correlation between age and FS volume (Pearson's test; p = 0.705). Sexual dimorphism was significantly different (p = 0.001). However, the most discriminant datum for determining sex was found to be the total FS volume (sum of an individual's right and left FS volumes) with linear discriminant Fisher's function coefficients of −2.759 for the male group and −1.275 for the female group. With this model, 72.5% of our sample was correctly classified according to sex.
Calculating Point of Origin of Blood Spatter Using Laser Scanning Technology
Authors: Hakim Nashad , Liscio Eugene 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe point of origin of an impact pattern is important in establishing the chain of events in a bloodletting incident. In this study, the accuracy and reproducibility of the point of origin estimation using the FARO Scene software with the FARO Focus3D laser scanner was determined. Five impact patterns were created for each of three combinations of distances from the floor (z) and the front wall (x). Fifteen spatters were created using a custom impact rig, scanned using the laser scanner, photographed using a DSLR camera, and processed using the Scene software. Overall results gave a SD = 3.49 cm (p < 0.0001) in the x‐direction, SD = 1.14 cm (p = 0.9291) in the y‐direction, and SD = 9.08 cm (p < 0.0115) in the z‐direction. The technique performs within literature ranges of accepted accuracy and reproducibility and is comparable to results reported for other virtual stringing software.
Development of Forensic Assay Signatures for Ebolaviruses
Authors: Song Jian , Doggett Norman , Wren Melinda , Burr Tom , Fenimore P. W. , Hatcher Eneida L. , Bruno William J. , Li Po‐E , Stubben Chris , Wolinsky Murray 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEbolaviruses are a diverse group of RNA viruses comprising five different species, four of which cause fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Because of their high infectivity and lethality, ebolaviruses are considered major biothreat agents. Although detection assays exist, no forensic assays are currently available. Here, we report the development of forensic assays that differentiate ebolaviruses. We performed phylogenetic analyses and identified canonical SNPs for all species, major clades and isolates. TaqMan‐MGB allelic discrimination assays based on these SNPs were designed, screened against synthetic RNA templates, and validated against ebolavirus genomic RNAs. A total of 45 assays were validated to provide 100% coverage of the species and variants with additional resolution at the isolate level. These assays enabled accurate forensic analysis on 4 “unknown” ebolaviruses. Unknowns were correctly classified to species and variant. A goal of providing resolution below the isolate level was not successful. These high‐resolution forensic assays allow rapid and accurate genotyping of ebolaviruses for forensic investigations.
Specific Patterns of Canine Scavenging in Indoor Settings
Authors: Colard Thomas , Delannoy Yann , Naji Stephan , Gosset Didier , Hartnett Kristen , Bécart Anne 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPostmortem animal mutilations due to domestic dogs in isolated domestic deaths are taphonomic modifications regularly observed by forensic pathologists. They are rarely described in the literature; however, even though they present specific patterns. Through 41 cases, 10 at the forensic institute in Lille (France) and 31 at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (USA), plus 22 cases from the literature, specific locations and patterns of postmortem scavenging lesions are proposed. These lesions are mainly distributed in three locations: the face, especially the nose and the mouth (73.1%), the neck (43.1%), and the arm (shoulder/upper limb [29.2%], hand [26.8%]). We discuss the time span between death and scavenging, the consequences on identification, and comparison with outdoor settings. Outdoor scavenging lesions are mainly located on the trunk and limbs usually sparing the head, which strongly differs from indoor distribution and imply different animal motivations.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: D'Ovidio Cristian , Sablone Sara , Carnevale Aldo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. It occurs most commonly in otherwise healthy women during pregnancy or the postpartum period. The true incidence of SCAD is underestimated, as most cases are diagnosed at autopsy. The pathophysiology of SCAD is still not fully understood, and its management can be challenging. This report describes a 35‐year‐old pregnant female who presented with an acute antero‐lateral ST elevation secondary to spontaneous dissection of the left anterior descending artery and the circumflex artery. The diagnosis was established by coronary artery angiography. However, the patient died following cardiac tamponade. The examination of this case represented a starting point for the reviewing of the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of SCAD, and for the placing of this in context with the existing literature. This study highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and subsequent lifesaving treatment.
Preparation of a Ytterbium‐tagged Gunshot Residue Standard for Quality Control in the Forensic Analysis of GSR
Authors: Hearns Nigel G.R. , Laflèche Denis N. , Sandercock Mark L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPreparation of a ytterbium‐tagged gunshot residue (GSR) reference standard for scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopic (SEM‐EDS) microanalysis is reported. Two different chemical markers, ytterbium and neodymium, were evaluated by spiking the primers of 38 Special ammunition cartridges (no propellant, no projectile) and discharging them onto 12.7 mm diameter aluminum SEM pin stubs. Following SEM‐EDS microanalysis, the majority of tri‐component particles containing lead, barium, and antimony (PbBaSb) were successfully tagged with the chemical marker. Results demonstrate a primer spiked with 0.75% weight percent of ytterbium nitrate affords PbBaSb particles characteristic of GSR with a ytterbium inclusion efficiency of between 77% and 100%. Reproducibility of the method was verified, and durability of the ytterbium‐tagged tri‐component particles under repeated SEM‐EDS analysis was also tested. The ytterbium‐tagged PbBaSb particles impart synthetic traceability to a GSR reference standard and are suitable for analysis alongside case work samples, as a positive control for quality assurance purposes.
Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 October 2014–30 November 2014
Authors:   Genomic Resources Development Consortium, Baratti Mariella , Cattonaro Federica , Di Lorenzo Tiziana , Galassi Diana Maria Paola , Iannilli Valentina , Iannucci Alessio , Jensen Just , Larsen Peter Foged , Nielsen Rasmus O. , Pertoldi Cino , Postolache Dragos , Pujolar Jose Martin , Randi Ettore , Ruiz‐Gonzalez Aritz , Thirstrup Janne Pia , Vendramin Giovanni Giuseppe , Zalewski Andrzej 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article documents the public availability of (i) RAD sequencing data and validated SNPs for the American mink Neovison vison and (ii) Transcriptome resources for two nonmodel freshwater crustacean species, the copepod Eucyclops serrulatus and the amphipod Echinogammarus veneris.
Could a Pigouvian Subsidy Mitigate Poker Machine Externalities, in Australia?
Authors: Rowell David , Gyrd‐Hansen Dorte 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHabitual gambling with electronic gaming machines can generate negative externalities. However, it is not the gambling process (wagers placed) but the outcome (revenue lost), which is a principal cause of these externalities. The specification of a quadratic externality function implies the existence of a corner solution, whereby actuarially fair electronic gaming machines that offer wagers at zero prices, could affect a reduction in the gambling externalities produced. In this paper we explore under what conditions might the introduction of actuarially fair electronic gaming machines reduce externalities associated with electronic gaming machines gambling.
Safety of pediatric continuous interscalene block catheters placed under general anesthesia: a single center's experience
Authors: GURNANEY H. , MUHLY W. T. , KRAEMER F. W. , CUCCHIARO G. , GANESH A. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe use of interscalene catheters is an effective treatment strategy for children and adolescents undergoing shoulder surgery. Although placement of interscalene catheters in the awake child is challenging, some have cautioned against performing regional anesthesia in the patient under general anesthesia. We present a case series of 154 interscalene catheters placed in pediatric patients under general anesthesia and managed in the outpatient setting.MethodsA total of 154 interscalene catheters were placed at a single institution between April 2006 and December 2011 using a modified lateral approach. All catheters were placed with the patient under general anesthesia. The patients discharged home with the catheters were followed‐up with daily phone calls until removal of the catheter.ResultsOf the 154 patients with an interscalene CPNB, 132 (85.7%) were discharged home with the interscalene CPNB in place. The success rate for the catheters was 92.1% (CI: 86.9–95.7%). The most common reason for catheter failure (6%) was early dislodgement (within 24 h). In addition to these 12 patients, 3 other patients had adverse events related to the interscalene CPNB.ConclusionInterscalene catheter placement under general anesthesia and management on an outpatient basis is feasible in the pediatric population and is associated with a low rate of catheter‐related complications.
Gene expression defines natural changes in mammalian lifespan
Authors: Fushan Alexey A. , Turanov Anton A. , Lee Sang‐Goo , Kim Eun Bae , Lobanov Alexei V. , Yim Sun Hee , Buffenstein Rochelle , Lee Sang‐Rae , Chang Kyu‐Tae , Rhee Hwanseok , Kim Jong‐So , Yang Kap‐Seok , Gladyshev Vadim N. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryMammals differ more than 100‐fold in maximum lifespan, which can be altered in either direction during evolution, but the molecular basis for natural changes in longevity is not understood. Divergent evolution of mammals also led to extensive changes in gene expression within and between lineages. To understand the relationship between lifespan and variation in gene expression, we carried out RNA‐seq‐based gene expression analyses of liver, kidney, and brain of 33 diverse species of mammals. Our analysis uncovered parallel evolution of gene expression and lifespan, as well as the associated life‐history traits, and identified the processes and pathways involved. These findings provide direct insights into how nature reversibly adjusts lifespan and other traits during adaptive radiation of lineages.
Parkinson's disease as a result of aging
Authors: Rodriguez Manuel , Rodriguez‐Sabate Clara , Morales Ingrid , Sanchez Alberto , Sabate Magdalena 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIt is generally considered that Parkinson's disease is induced by specific agents that degenerate a clearly defined population of dopaminergic neurons. Data commented in this review suggest that this assumption is not as clear as is often thought and that aging may be critical for Parkinson's disease. Neurons degenerating in Parkinson's disease also degenerate in normal aging, and the different agents involved in the etiology of this illness are also involved in aging. Senescence is a wider phenomenon affecting cells all over the body, whereas Parkinson's disease seems to be restricted to certain brain centers and cell populations. However, reviewed data suggest that Parkinson's disease may be a local expression of aging on cell populations which, by their characteristics (high number of synaptic terminals and mitochondria, unmyelinated axons, etc.), are highly vulnerable to the agents promoting aging. The development of new knowledge about Parkinson's disease could be accelerated if the research on aging and Parkinson's disease were planned together, and the perspective provided by gerontology gains relevance in this field.
Aging exacerbates hypertension‐induced cerebral microhemorrhages in mice: role of resveratrol treatment in vasoprotection
Authors: Toth Peter , Tarantini Stefano , Springo Zsolt , Tucsek Zsuzsanna , Gautam Tripti , Giles Cory B. , Wren Jonathan D. , Koller Akos , Sonntag William E. , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan 
Published: February 2015

SummaryRecent studies demonstrate that aging exacerbates hypertension‐induced cognitive decline, but the specific age‐related mechanisms remain elusive. Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) are associated with rupture of small intracerebral vessels and are thought to progressively impair neuronal function. To determine whether aging exacerbates hypertension‐induced CMHs young (3 months) and aged (24 months) mice were treated with angiotensin II plus L‐NAME. We found that the same level of hypertension leads to significantly earlier onset and increased incidence of CMHs in aged mice than in young mice, as shown by neurological examination, gait analysis, and histological assessment of CMHs in serial brain sections. Hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular oxidative stress and redox‐sensitive activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were increased in aging. Treatment of aged mice with resveratrol significantly attenuated hypertension‐induced oxidative stress, inhibited vascular MMP activation, significantly delayed the onset, and reduced the incidence of CMHs. Collectively, aging promotes CMHs in mice likely by exacerbating hypertension‐induced oxidative stress and MMP activation. Therapeutic strategies that reduce microvascular oxidative stress and MMP activation may be useful for the prevention of CMHs, protecting neurocognitive function in high‐risk elderly patients.
Accelerated epigenetic aging in Down syndrome
Authors: Horvath Steve , Garagnani Paolo , Bacalini Maria Giulia , Pirazzini Chiara , Salvioli Stefano , Gentilini Davide , Di Blasio Anna Maria , Giuliani Cristina , Tung Spencer , Vinters Harry V. , Franceschi Claudio 
Published: February 2015

SummaryDown Syndrome (DS) entails an increased risk of many chronic diseases that are typically associated with older age. The clinical manifestations of accelerated aging suggest that trisomy 21 increases the biological age of tissues, but molecular evidence for this hypothesis has been sparse. Here, we utilize a quantitative molecular marker of aging (known as the epigenetic clock) to demonstrate that trisomy 21 significantly increases the age of blood and brain tissue (on average by 6.6 years, P = 7.0 × 10−14).
Do attitudes towards persons with mental illness worsen during the course of life? An age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Schomerus G. , Van der Auwera S. , Matschinger H. , Baumeister S. E. , Angermeyer M. C. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveCross‐sectional studies frequently find higher age associated with negative attitudes towards persons with mental illness. We explore whether attitudes worsen over the life span, or follow a cohort pattern.MethodUsing data from three identical population surveys in Germany from 1990, 2001 and 2011 (combined sample n = 7835), we performed age–period–cohort analyses determining the association of age, time period and birth‐cohort with social distance from a person with either depression (n = 3910) or schizophrenia (n = 3925), using linear and nonlinear partial least squares regression models.ResultsSocial distance increases with age, independent from cohort and period effects, cumulating to an increase of 2.4 (schizophrenia) and 2.3 (depression) on the 28 point social distance scale over the life span (youngest to oldest participant). We found a cohort effect in depression, but not schizophrenia, with decreasing social distance until 1970 and a slight increase in younger cohorts. Period effects were visible particularly in schizophrenia, with growing social distance over time.ConclusionConsidering demographic change and the vulnerability of older persons to severe outcomes of mental illness such as suicide, the observed increase of negative attitudes over the life span seems highly relevant. We discuss the role of conservatism and preferences for agreeable social contacts in older age.
Prevalence of alcohol use disorders in mainland China: a systematic review
Authors: Cheng Hui G. , Deng Fei , Xiong Wei , Phillips Michael R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsTo identify studies about the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in mainland China, evaluate the quality of these studies and conduct a meta‐analysis of the prevalence of AUD in China's adult population and in population subgroups defined by sex, age and urban versus rural residency.MethodsRelevant studies published prior to January 2014 were identified from the following databases: China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI), Wanfang, Pubmed, EmBase and Web of Science. A 16‐item quality assessment inventory for epidemiological studies in mainland China was constructed to evaluate the methodological rigor of the studies. A total of 38 studies including 1 304 354 individuals were identified. Outcomes included current and life‐time prevalence of AUD, alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse.ResultsThe pooled life‐time and current prevalence of alcohol dependence were 1.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.3, 1.5] and 1.5% (95% CI = 1.2, 1.9). For males, pooled estimates of the current prevalence of alcohol dependence, alcohol abuse and AUD were 4.4 (95% CI = 3.1, 5.7), 4.0 (95% CI = 2.2, 5.7) and 10.1% (95% CI = 4.7, 15.4), respectively; the corresponding values for females were all below 0.2, 0.1, and 0.1%. There was large between‐study heterogeneity in the prevalence measures that was associated with sample size, the use of key informants and the use of substitute respondents. The quality of included studies was generally low. Higher‐quality studies reported higher prevalence.ConclusionsAlcohol use disorder is an urgent public health problem in China, especially among males. When using high‐quality studies, current and life‐time prevalence estimates of alcohol dependence in China measure 2.2% and 3.7%, respectively, approaching those of the Netherlands, United States and other western countries.
Introducing One Health to the Ethical Debate About Zoonotic Diseases in Southeast Asia
Authors: Capps Benjamin , Bailey Michele Marie , Bickford David , Coker Richard , Lederman Zohar , Lover Andrew , Lysaght Tamra , Tambyah Paul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPandemic plans recommend phases of response to an emergent infectious disease (EID) outbreak, and are primarily aimed at preventing and mitigating human‐to‐human transmission. These plans carry presumptive weight and are increasingly being operationalized at the national, regional and international level with the support of the World Health Organization (WHO). The conventional focus of pandemic preparedness for EIDs of zoonotic origin has been on public health and human welfare. However, this focus on human populations has resulted in strategically important disciplinary silos. As the risks of zoonotic diseases have implications that reach across many domains outside traditional public health, including anthropological, environmental, and veterinary fora, a more inclusive ecological perspective is paramount for an effective response to future outbreaks.
Friends, friendlessness, and the social consequences of gaining a theory of mind
Authors: Fink Elian , Begeer Sander , Peterson Candida C. , Slaughter Virginia , de Rosnay Marc 
Published: February 2015

Fink, Begeer, Peterson, Slaughter, and de Rosnay (2014) conducted a prospective longitudinal study showing that theory‐of‐mind (ToM) development at school entry (mean age 5.61 years) significantly predicted friendlessness both concurrently and 2 years later. Friendlessness (defined as lacking any friendship that is mutually reciprocated) is conceptually and empirically distinct from group popularity and independently predicts adverse mental health outcomes throughout life. Here, we respond to the thoughtful commentaries by Wellman (Brit. J. Dev. Psychol, 2015; 33, 24–26), Mizokawa and Koyasu (Brit. J. Dev. Psychol, 2015; 33, 21–23), and Lerner and Lillard (Brit. J. Dev. Psychol, 2015; 33, 18–20) with a focus on three key issues, namely (a) the definition and measurement of friendship, (b) the measurement of advanced ToM development beyond the preschool years, and (c) the exciting future potential for ToM‐based training and intervention studies to combat chronic friendlessness.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Cleistanthin A Derivatives as Potent Vacuolar H+‐ATPase Inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Yu , Lu Yapeng , Ma Jinlong , Zhu Li 
Published: February 2015

Twelve new glycosides and alkane derivatives of cleistanthin A were designed and synthesized. Their in vitro antiproliferative activity was investigated against HCT‐116, HepG2, A549, Hela tumor cell lines and HEK293 cell by MTT assay. Most of these compounds displayed antiproliferative effects on four cancer cells at submicromolar concentration, but they were less potent than cleistanthin A Moreover, they showed no antiproliferative effects on HEK293 cell at 200 nm. The most potent compounds, 3e and 4a, have been shown to inhibit the activity of vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) and neutralize the pH of lysosomes at submicromolar concentrations.