bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial viscosity in comoving curvilinear coordinates: towards a differential geometrically consistent implicit advection scheme
Authors: Höller Harald , Koskela Antti , Dorfi Ernst , Benger Werner 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe propose a modification for the tensor of artificial viscosity employable for generally comoving, curvilinear grids. We present a strong conservation form for the equations of radiation hydrodynamics for studying nonlinear pulsations of stars. However, the modification we propose is of general mathematical nature. We study a differential geometrically consistent artificial viscosity analytically and visualize a comparison of our approach to previous implementations by applying it to a simple self-similar velocity field which has a direct application in stars as the fundamental mode of pulsation is radial. We first give a general introduction to artificial viscosity and motivate its application in numerical computations. We then show how a tensor of artificial viscosity has to be designed when going beyond common static Eulerian or Lagrangian comoving rectangular grids. We derive and state the modified equations which include metrical terms that adjust the isotropic (pressure) part of the tensor of artificial viscosity.
Very small embryonic-like stem cells are involved in regeneration of mouse pancreas post-pancreatectomy
Authors: Bhartiya Deepa , Mundekar Akash , Mahale Vaibhav , Patel Hiren 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Despite numerous research efforts, mechanisms underlying regeneration of pancreas remains controversial. Views are divided whether stem cells are involved during pancreatic regeneration or it involves duplication of pre-existing islets or ductal cells or whether pancreatic islet numbers are fixed by birth or they renew throughout life. Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been used by several groups to regenerate diabetic mouse pancreas but the beneficial effects are short-lived. It has been suggested that cells obtained after directed differentiation of ES/iPS cells resemble fetal and not their adult counterparts; thus are functionally different and may be of little use to regenerate adult pancreas. A novel population of pluripotent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) exists in several adult body tissues in both mice and humans. VSELs have been reported in the mouse pancreas, and nuclear octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4) positive, small-sized cells have also been detected in human pancreas. VSELs are mobilized into peripheral blood in streptozotocin treated diabetic mice and also in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate whether VSELs are involved during regeneration of adult mouse pancreas after partial pancreatectomy.

Methods
Mice were subjected to partial pancreatectomy wherein almost 70% of pancreas was surgically removed and residual pancreas was studied on Days 1, 3 and 5 post-surgery.

Results
VSELs were detected in Hematoxylin and Eosin stained smears of pancreatic tissue as spherical, small sized cells with a large nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm and could be sorted as LIN-/CD45-/SCA-1+ cells by flow cytometry. Results reveal that although neutrophils with multi-lobed nuclei are mobilized into the pancreas on day 1 after pancreatectomy, by day 5 VSELs with spherical nuclei, high nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio and nuclear OCT-4 are mobilized into the residual pancreas. VSELs undergo differentiation and give rise to PDX-1 and OCT-4 positive progenitors which possibly regenerate both acinar cells and islets.

Conclusions
Results provide direct evidence supporting the presence of VSELs in adult mouse pancreas and their role during regeneration. VSELs are an interesting alternative to ES/iPS cells to regenerate a diabetic pancreas in future.
Speciation of Chromium(VI) and Selenium(IV and VI) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Fluorometric Detection Using 2,3-Diaminonaphthalene as a Single Derivatizing Reagent
Authors: Yabutani Tomoki , Inoi Yuji , Kimura Ayumi , Yamada Yohei , Takayanagi Toshio 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A speciation method for chromate, selenite, and selenate was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–fluorometric detection (FL) using a single derivatizing reagent. Chromium(VI) was determined based on the fluorescence intensity of 1H-naphtho[2,3-d][1,2,3]triazole (NAT) derived from 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN) and nitrous ion; the NO2− was generated through a redox process between Cr(VI) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HACl). 4,5-Benzopiazselenol (Se-DAN) was also derived from Se(IV) and DAN, and it was resolved from NAT and detected by reversed-phase HPLC–FL operated under a single setting of an excitation and a fluorescence wavelength. Linear ranges of the calibration curve and detection limits were 0–20 µmol L−1 (correction coefficient: 0.995) and 0.1 µmol L−1 for Cr(VI), and 0–20 µmol L−1 (0.995) and 0.2 µmol L−1 for Se(IV), respectively. Concentration of Se(VI) was estimated from the difference in its concentration between total Se and Se(IV). The analytical procedure for the determination of total Se included a reduction of Se(VI) to Se(IV) with hydrochloric acid and potassium bromide. The linear range of the calibration curve and detection limit for Se(VI) was 0–20 µmol L−1 (correction coefficient: 0.990) and 0.3 µmol L−1, respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determinations of Cr(VI), Se(IV), and Se(VI) in a river water sample. Recoveries of Cr and Se species ranged between 98 and 104%, and the relative standard deviations were about 5% at 10 µmol L−1 levels of the species.
Thermo-stable Lanthanoid Coordination Nanoparticles Composed of Luminescent Eu(III) Complexes and Organic Joint Ligands Using Micelle Techniques in Water
Authors: Hiromitsu Onodera , Nakanishi Takayuki , Fushimi Koji , Hasegawa Yasuchika 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Strong luminescent nanoparticles composed of lanthanoid coordination polymers using micelle reaction techniques, lanthanoid coordination nanoparticles, are reported. Size of the nanoparticles estimated using dynamic light-scattering measurements were found to be approximately 66 nm. Lanthanoid coordination nanoparticles were characterized using ESI-MS spectrometry, XRD measurements, and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Emission properties of lanthanoid coordination nanoparticles were estimated using emission spectra and emission lifetimes. These results indicate that nanoparticles composed of lanthanoid coordination polymers show effective luminescent properties and thermal stability such as bulk powders of lanthanoid coordination polymers.
Effect of opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy on the three-dimensional kinematics of the knee
Authors: d’Entremont A. G. , McCormack R. G. , Horlick S. G. D. , Stone T. B. , Manzary M. M. , Wilson D. R. 
Published: September 2014

Although it is clear that opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) changes alignment in the coronal plane, which is its objective, it is not clear how this procedure affects knee kinematics throughout the range of joint movement and in other planes.Our research question was: how does opening-wedge HTO change three-dimensional tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics in loaded flexion in patients with varus deformity?Three-dimensional kinematics were assessed over 0° to 60° of loaded flexion using an MRI method before and after opening-wedge HTO in a cohort of 13 men (14 knees). Results obtained from an iterative statistical model found that at six and 12 months after operation, opening-wedge HTO caused increased anterior translation of the tibia (mean 2.6 mm, p < 0.001), decreased proximal translation of the patella (mean –2.2 mm, p < 0.001), decreased patellar spin (mean –1.4°, p < 0.05), increased patellar tilt (mean 2.2°, p < 0.05) and changed three other parameters. The mean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index improved significantly (p < 0.001) from 49.6 (standard deviation (sd) 16.4) pre-operatively to a mean of 28.2 (sd 16.6) at six months and a mean of 22.5 (sd 14.4) at 12 months.The three-dimensional kinematic changes found may be important in explaining inconsistency in clinical outcomes, and suggest that measures in addition to coronal plane alignment should be considered.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1214–21.
Reverse total shoulder replacement for nonunion of a fracture of the proximal humerus
Authors: Zafra M. , Uceda P. , Flores M. , Carpintero P. 
Published: September 2014

Patients with pain and loss of shoulder function due to nonunion of a fracture of the proximal third of the humerus may benefit from reverse total shoulder replacement. This paper reports a prospective, multicentre study, involving three hospitals and three surgeons, of 35 patients (28 women, seven men) with a mean age of 69 years (46 to 83) who underwent a reverse total shoulder replacement for the treatment of nonunion of a fracture of the proximal humerus. Using Checchia’s classification, nine nonunions were type I, eight as type II, 12 as type III and six as type IV. The mean follow-up was 51 months (24 to 99). Post-operatively, the patients had a significant decrease in pain (p < 0.001), and a significant improvement in flexion, abduction, external rotation and Constant score (p < 0.001), but not in internal rotation. A total of nine complications were recorded in seven patients: six dislocations, one glenoid loosening in a patient who had previously suffered dislocation, one transitory paresis of the axillary nerve and one infection.Reverse total shoulder replacement may lead to a significant reduction in pain, improvement in function and a high degree of satisfaction. However, the rate of complications, particularly dislocation, was high.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1239–43.
The natural history of pain and neuropathic pain after knee replacement
Authors: Phillips J. R. A. , Hopwood B. , Arthur C. , Stroud R. , Toms A. D 
Published: September 2014

A small proportion of patients have persistent pain after total knee replacement (TKR). The primary aim of this study was to record the prevalence of pain after TKR at specific intervals post-operatively and to ascertain the impact of neuropathic pain. The secondary aim was to establish any predictive factors that could be used to identify patients who were likely to have high levels of pain or neuropathic pain after TKR. A total of 96 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 71 years (48 to 89); 54 (56%) were female. The mean follow-up was 46 months (39 to 51). Pre-operative demographic details were recorded including a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) for pain, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression score as well as the painDETECT score for neuropathic pain. Functional outcome was assessed using the Oxford Knee score. The mean pre-operative VAS was 5.8 (1 to 10); and it improved significantly at all time periods post-operatively (p < 0.001): (from 4.5 at day three to five (1 to 10), 3.2 at six weeks (0 to 9), 2.4 at three months (0 to 7), 2.0 at six months (0 to 9), 1.7 at nine months (0 to 9), 1.5 at one year (0 to 8) and 2.0 at mean 46 months (0 to 10)). There was a high correlation (r > 0.7; p < 0.001) between the mean VAS scores for pain and the mean painDETECT scores at three months, one year and three years post-operatively. There was no correlation between the pre-operative scores and any post-operative scores at any time point. We report the prevalence of pain and neuropathic pain at various intervals up to three years after TKR. Neuropathic pain is an underestimated problem in patients with pain after TKR. It peaks at between six weeks and three-months post-operatively. However, from these data we were unable to predict which patients are most likely to be affected. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1227–33.
Early and late fracture following extensive limb lengthening in patients with achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia
Authors: Kitoh H. , Mishima K. , Matsushita M. , Nishida Y. , Ishiguro N. 
Published: September 2014

Two types of fracture, early and late, have been reported following limb lengthening in patients with achondroplasia (ACH) and hypochondroplasia (HCH).We reviewed 25 patients with these conditions who underwent 72 segmental limb lengthening procedures involving the femur and/or tibia, between 2003 and 2011. Gender, age at surgery, lengthened segment, body mass index, the shape of the callus, the amount and percentage of lengthening and the healing index were evaluated to determine predictive factors for the occurrence of early (within three weeks after removal of the fixation pins) and late fracture (> three weeks after removal of the pins). The Mann‑Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-squared test for univariate analysis and stepwise regression model for multivariate analysis were used to identify the predictive factor for each fracture. Only one patient (two tibiae) was excluded from the analysis due to excessively slow formation of the regenerate, which required supplementary measures. A total of 24 patients with 70 limbs were included in the study.There were 11 early fractures in eight patients. The shape of the callus (lateral or central callus) was the only statistical variable related to the occurrence of early fracture in univariate and multivariate analyses. Late fracture was observed in six limbs and the mean time between removal of the fixation pins and fracture was 18.3 weeks (3.3 to 38.4). Lengthening of the tibia, larger healing index, and lateral or central callus were related to the occurrence of a late fracture in univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the shape of the callus was the strongest predictor for late fracture (odds ratio: 19.3, 95% confidence interval: 2.91 to 128). Lateral or central callus had a significantly larger risk of fracture than fusiform, cylindrical, or concave callus.Radiological monitoring of the shape of the callus during distraction is important to prevent early and late fracture of lengthened limbs in patients with ACH or HCH. In patients with thin callus formation, some measures to stimulate bone formation should be considered as early as possible.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1269–73.
The long-term outcome of patients treated operatively and non-operatively for scoliosis deformity secondary to spina bifida
Authors: Khoshbin A. , Vivas L. , Law P. W. , Stephens D. , Davis A. M. , Howard A. , Jarvis J. G. , Wright J. G. 
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of adults with spina bifida cystica (SBC) who had been treated either operatively or non-operatively for scoliosis during childhood. We reviewed 45 patients with a SBC scoliosis (Cobb angle ≥ 50º) who had been treated at one of two children’s hospitals between 1991 and 2007. Of these, 34 (75.6%) had been treated operatively and 11 (24.4%) non-operatively. After a mean follow-up of 14.1 years (standard deviation (sd) 4.3) clinical, radiological and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes were evaluated using the Spina Bifida Spine Questionnaire (SBSQ) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Although patients in the two groups were demographically similar, those who had undergone surgery had a larger mean Cobb angle (88.0º (sd 20.5; 50.0 to 122.0); versus 65.7º (sd 22.0; 51.0 to 115.0); p < 0.01) and a larger mean clavicle–rib intersection difference (12.3 mm; (sd 8.5; 1 to 37); versus 4.1 mm, (sd 5.9; 0 to 16); p = 0.01) than those treated non-operatively. Both groups were statistically similar at follow-up with respect to walking capacity, neurological motor level, sitting balance and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes. Spinal fusion in SBC scoliosis corrects coronal deformity and stops progression of the curve but has no clear effect on HRQOL. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014; 96-B:1244–51
Pulmonary hemorrhage in a case of CD25 deficiency
Authors: Al Sukaiti Nashat , Al Sinani Aisha , Al Ismaily Suad , Shaikh Samiuddin , Al Abrawi Safia 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Presentation with severe autoimmune manifestations in early infancy is rare, especially when the gut is not involved. Methods: Lymphocyte phenotyping, determination of autoantibodies, and Sanger sequencing were employed to investigate this case. Results: A novel homozygous mutation in CD25 was identified in the patient who presented in the first weeks of life with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and subsequently developed autoimmune cytopenia and pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusion: CD25 deficiency is present in the Gulf (Oman) and cases with early autoimmune manifestations should be tested for this possibility. Statement of novelty: A novel mutation in CD25 leads to an early presentation of IDDM and pulmonary hemorrhage.
Attempt at a systemic outlook on aging and carcinogenesis
Authors: Piwowar Monika , Dygut Jacek , Piwowar Piotr , Konieczny Leszek , Roterman Irena 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Two of the key problems plaguing humanity – aging and carcinogenesis – are inexorably linked. While their nature seems different, their mechanisms have a lot in common. Evidence suggests that aging is the result of spontaneous synthesis and accumulation of improperly folded proteins in cells, leading to a variety of pathologies. As for carcinogenesis, it is tied to genetic mutations – permanent, covalent changes in the DNA. Both processes are random in character; however, unlike mutations, the accumulation of malformed proteins is not genetically determined. Instead, control over this process hinges upon regulating the protein exchange rate – a phenomenon that seems a likely candidate for the basic aging control mechanism. Although mutations themselves may be counteracted in a controlled manner, their effects typically cannot. The mechanisms of aging and carcinogenesis, while functionally different, remain correlated: an aging cell is rendered more susceptible to mutational changes. The rapidly growing body of information regarding aging and carcinogenesis enables a systemic approach to both these phenomena – an approach that is attempted in this review.
May thrombopoietin be a useful marker of sepsis severity assessment in patients with SIRS entering the emergency department?
Authors: Segre Elisabetta , Pigozzi Luca , Lison Davide , Pivetta Emanuele , Bosco Ornella , Vizio Barbara , Suppo Umberto , Turvani Fabrizio , Morello Fulvio , Battista Stefania , Moiraghi Corrado , Montrucchio Giuseppe , Lupia Enrico 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThrombopoietin (TPO), a growth factor primarily involved in regulating thrombopoiesis, has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis of sepsis. TPO levels are, indeed, greatly increased in patients with sepsis compared to control subjects, and correlate with sepsis severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate TPO as predictive biomarker of sepsis and of sepsis severity in patients entering the emergency department (ED) with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).This was a prospective observational study. Ours is a sub-study of the ‘Need-speed trial’, a multi-center observational study involving six Italian centers affiliated to the GREAT Italian Network. TPO was measured by ELISA.We enrolled 13 patients with SIRS (6 with acute pancreatitis, 3 with acute heart failure, 1 with pulmonary embolism, and 3 with allergic reactions), and 40 patients with sepsis, eight of whom had severe sepsis and three septic shock. TPO was significantly higher in patients with sepsis than with SIRS. In addition, TPO was higher in patients with severe sepsis than with sepsis, and in patients with septic shock than with severe sepsis, although these differences did not reach the statistical significance.Our preliminary results suggest that TPO may have the potential to be considered a promising early biomarker for both the diagnosis of sepsis and the assessment of sepsis severity in patients with SIRS entering the ED.
Macdonald formula for curves with planar singularities
Authors: Maulik Davesh , Yun Zhiwei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

We generalize Macdonald's formula for the cohomology of Hilbert schemes of points on a curve from smooth curves to curves with planar singularities: we relate the cohomology of the Hilbert schemes to the cohomology of the compactified Jacobian of the curve. The new formula is a consequence of a stronger identity between certain perverse sheaves defined by a family of curves satisfying mild conditions. The proof makes essential use of Ngô's support theorem for compactified Jacobians and generalizes this theorem to the relative Hilbert scheme of such families. As a consequence, we give a cohomological interpretation of the numerator of the Hilbert-zeta function of curves with planar singularities.
Drawing the Boundary between State and Society: An Anthropological Perspective from Mali
Authors: Pes Luca 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Stable and peaceful country by West African standards, Mali uneasily fits the paradigm of a “failed state.” While government and development agencies tend to interpret Mali’s stability as the outcome of successful institutional reform, foreign scholars and local intellectuals emphasize the power of enduring traditions and their adaptation to changing conditions in Malian society. Critically assessing both views, this paper addresses Mali’s peaceful condition from the perspective of Mande, the region south-west of the capital Bamako. It draws attention to the intensely mediated form of government resulting from the dynamic process of grouping and of building cooperative relations in everyday social life. Contributing to the anthropological tradition studying law, politics and the state in Africa, the paper links recent trends in the anthropology of the state to a reanalysis of the traditional chestnut of the anthropology of West Africa, a “segmentary style” of social organization.
miR-126 regulates platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α expression and migration of primary human osteoblasts
Authors: Schmidt Yvonne , Simunovic Filip , Strassburg Sandra , Pfeifer Dietmar , Stark G. Björn , Finkenzeller Günter 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Adequate vascularization is an essential requirement for bone development, fracture healing and bone tissue engineering. We have previously described the coculture of primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and human endothelial cells (HUVECs), designed to investigate the interactions between these cells. In this system, we showed that cocultivation of these two cell types leads to a downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α) in hOBs, which was a consequence of reduced mRNA stability. In the current study we investigated the possible involvement of microRNAs in this process. Firstly, we performed a microarray analysis of osteoblastic miRNAs following cocultivation with HUVECs, revealing an upregulation of miR-126. This result was confirmed by RT-qPCR, and we observed that the increase is dependent on direct cell-to-cell contacts. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments showed that miR-126 is a negative regulator of PDGFR-α mRNA. Additionally, migration of hOBs was inhibited by miR-126 overexpression and stimulated by miR-126 inhibition. Addition of PDGFR-α blocking antibody to hOB culture also inhibited hOB migration. There was no effect of miR-126 modulation on osteoblast proliferation, apoptosis rate or differentiation. In conclusion, we report that the miR-126/PDGFR-α system regulates the migratory behavior of human osteoblasts, without exerting effects on cell survival and differentiation.