bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TLR9 Contributes to Antiviral Immunity during Gammaherpesvirus Infection
Authors: Guggemoos Simone , Hangel Doris , Hamm Svetlana , Heit Antje , Bauer Stefan , Adler Heiko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The human gammaherpesviruses Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and EBV cause important infections. As pathogenetic studies of the human infections are restricted, murine gammaherpesvirus 68 serves as a model to study gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis. TLRs are a conserved family of receptors detecting microbial molecular patterns. Among the TLRs, TLR9 recognizes unmethylated CpG DNA motifs present in bacterial and viral DNA. The aim of this study was to assess the role of TLR9 in gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis. Upon stimulation with murine gammaherpesvirus 68, Flt3L-cultured bone marrow cells (dendritic cells) from TLR9−/− mice secreted reduced levels of IL-12, IFN-α, and IL-6, when compared with dendritic cells from wild-type mice. Intranasal infection of TLR9−/− and wild-type mice did not reveal any differences during lytic and latent infection. In contrast, when infected i.p., TLR9−/− mice showed markedly higher viral loads both during lytic and latent infection. Thus, we show for the first time that TLR9 is involved in gammaherpesvirus pathogenesis and contributes to organ-specific immunity.
Cutting Edge: Mechanism of Enhancement of In Vivo Cytokine Effects by Anti-Cytokine Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Phelan James D. , Orekov Tatyana , Finkelman Fred D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Inhibitory anti-cytokine mAbs are used to treat cytokine-mediated disorders. Recently, however, S4B6, an anti-IL-2 mAb that blocks IL-2 binding to IL-2Rα, a receptor component that enhances affinity but is not required for signaling, was shown to enhance IL-2 agonist effects in vivo. We evaluated how S4B6 enhances IL-2 effects and whether a similar mechanism allows mAbs to IL-4 to enhance IL-4 effects. Induction of T cell proliferation by IL-2/S4B6 complexes did not require complex dissociation and was IL-2Rα independent. S4B6 increased IL-2 agonist effects by increasing in vivo half-life, not by focusing IL-2 onto cells through Fc receptors. In contrast to IL-2/S4B6 complexes, anti-IL-4 mAb enhancement of in vivo IL-4 effects required IL-4/anti-IL-4 mAb complex dissociation. Thus, agonist effects observed with high doses of anti-IL-2 mAb are most likely only applicable for mAbs that maintain cytokine half-life without blocking binding to receptor signaling components.
Neutrophils Clear Bacteria Associated with Parasitic Nematodes Augmenting the Development of an Effective Th2-Type Response
Authors: Pesce John T. , Liu Zhugong , Hamed Hossein , Alem Farhang , Whitmire Jeanette , Lin Hongxia , Liu Qian , Urban Joseph F. , Gause William C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Infection with the parasitic nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces a potent Th2 response; however, little is known about early stages of the innate response that may contribute to protective immunity. To examine early events in this response, chemokine expression in the draining lymph node was examined after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Pronounced increases of several chemokines, including CCL2, were observed. Compared with wild-type mice, elevations in a Gr-1bright population in the draining lymph node was significantly decreased in CCL2−/− mice after N. brasiliensis inoculation. Further flow cytometric and immunofluorescent analysis showed that in wild-type mice, Gr-1+ cells transiently entered and exited the draining lymph node shortly after N. brasiliensis inoculation. The Gr-1bright population was comprised of neutrophils expressing TGF-β and TNF-α. Following Gr-1+ cell depletion, N. brasiliensis infection resulted in transient, but significantly increased levels of IFN-γ, increased serum IgG2a, reduced Th2 cytokines and serum IgE, greatly increased mortality, and delayed worm expulsion. Furthermore, bacteria were readily detected in vital organs. Infection of Gr-1+ cell-depleted mice with N. brasiliensis larvae that were pretreated with antibiotics prevented bacterial dissemination, Th1 inflammatory responses, and decreases in host survival. This study indicates that parasitic nematodes can be an important vector of potentially harmful bacteria, which is typically controlled by CCL2-dependent neutrophils that ensure the optimal development of Th2 immune responses and parasite resistance.
A Role for Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Kevill Katharine A. , Bhandari Vineet , Kettunen Mika , Leng Lin , Fan Juan , Mizue Yuka , Dzuira James D. , Reyes-Mugica Miguel , McDonald Courtney L. , Baugh John A. , O’Connor Christine L. , Aghai Zubair H. , Donnelly Seamas C. , Bazzy-Asaad Alia , Bucala Richard J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Using a mouse model of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), we demonstrate a central role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in lung maturation at the developmental stage when human neonates are most susceptible to RDS. We prematurely delivered mouse pups at embryonic day 18, during the early saccular stage of pulmonary development. Only 8% of the prematurely delivered pups genetically deficient in MIF survived 8 h vs 75% of wild-type controls (p &lt; 0.001). This phenotype was corrected when pups of all genotypes were bred from dams heterozygote for MIF deficiency. Local production of MIF in the lung increased at embryonic day 18, continued until full-term at embryonic day 19.5, and decreased in adulthood, thus coinciding with this developmental window. The lungs of pups genetically deficient in MIF were less mature upon histological evaluation, and demonstrated lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and corticosterone – two factors that promote fetal lung maturation. In vitro studies support a role for MIF in surfactant production by pulmonary epithelial cells. In a cohort of human neonates with RDS, higher intrapulmonary MIF levels were associated with a lower likelihood of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a sequelae of RDS (p &lt; 0.03). This study demonstrates for the first time a role for MIF in lung maturation, and supports a protective role for MIF in newborn lung disease.
Critical but Overlapping Role of FcγRIII and FcγRIV in Activation of Murine Neutrophils by Immobilized Immune Complexes
Authors: Jakus Zoltán , Németh Tamás , Verbeek J. Sjef , Mócsai Attila 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Immune complex-induced activation of neutrophils through cell surface FcRs plays a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases. These diseases are often modeled using genetically modified mice. However, in contrast to the number of studies on human cells, the identity of FcRs involved in immune complex activation of murine neutrophils is at present unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the cellular functions mediated by the recently identified murine FcγRIV. In this study, we tested the identity of FcRs involved in the activation of neutrophils by plate-bound immune complexes, using various knockout mouse strains, function-blocking mAbs, or the combination of both approaches. Activation of murine neutrophils by immobilized IgG immune complexes was abrogated in FcR γ-chain-deficient cells, but not by the single or combined deficiency of the γ-chain-associated FcγRI and FcγRIII, or by blocking Abs against either FcγRIII or FcγRIV alone. However, treatment of FcγRIII-deficient neutrophils with FcγRIV-blocking Abs or simultaneous blocking of FcγRIII and FcγRIV in wild-type cells completely inhibited the immune complex-induced cellular responses. In parallel studies, activation of human neutrophils by immobilized immune complexes was abrogated by blocking Abs against either FcγRIIA or FcγRIIIB alone. Taken together, neutrophil activation by immobilized immune complexes requires the murine FcγRIII/FcγRIV or the human FcγRIIA/FcγRIIIB molecules. Although both of the two human receptors are required for this response, the two murine receptors play overlapping, redundant roles. These results promote our understanding of autoimmune diseases and identify an IgG-dependent cellular function of FcγRIV.
Breaking bad news of cancer diagnosis – Perception of the cancer patients in a rural community in Malaysia
Authors: Bain Mathew Gabriel , Lian Cheah Whye , Thon Chang Ching 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Context: Breaking of bad news is an important component in the management of cancer patients. Aims: This study aimed to assess the perceptions of breaking bad news of cancer diagnosis. Settings and Design: It was a cross-sectional study using Breaking Bad News Assessment Schedule (BAS) questionnaire on cancer patients in Serian district. Materials and Methods: Using snowballing sampling method, a total of 134 patients were interviewed face-to-face after the consent was obtained from each of the respondents. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.0. Results: Majority were comfortable with the current method of breaking bad news. The main aspects found to be the areas of concern were the importance of the usage of body language, management of time and identifying patients′ key area of concerns. There were significant difference between sex and "information giving" (P = 0.028) and "general consideration" (P = 0.016) and also between "the age and setting the scene" (P = 0.042). Significant difference was also found between the types of cancer and "the setting of scene" (P = 0.018), "breaking bad news technique" (P = 0.010), "eliciting concerns" (P = 0.003) and "information giving" (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Good and effective communication skill of breaking bad news is vital in the management of cancer patients. As the incidence of new cases of cancer increase every year, breaking of bad news has become a pertinent to the medical professionals′ role. Specific aspects of communication skills based on local characteristics should be more emphasized in the formulation of training for doctors.
Barriers for early detection of cancer amongst Indian rural women
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Kadam Yugantara R. , Dhobale Randhir V. , Gore Alka D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Context: Breast and cervical cancer are the most common causes of cancer mortality among women worldwide, but actually they are largely preventable diseases. Healthcare providers in developing countries regularly see women with advanced, incurable cancers. Health of a rural Indian women and her access to health facility is compromised due to sociocultural, economical, and environmental factors. Aims: To know the problems associated with early detection of cancers in rural women. Settings and Design: Rural area and cross-sectional. Subjects and Methods: Study subject: Women of 35 years and above. Exclusion criteria: Not willing to participate. Sample size: All eligible women of selected villages. Sampling Technique: Random selection of villages. Study duration: 2 months. Study tools: Pretested questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Percentages, χ2 test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis. Results: Awareness about symptoms, possibility of early detection, available tests, possibility of cure of disease was low. Main barrier for screening was cognitive, that is, ′don′t know′ answer by 83.99% women for cancer cervix, 84.93%, for cancer breast, and 67.26% for oral cancer. Awareness score was significantly associated with age (χ2 = 17.77, P = 0.001), education (χ2 = 34.62, P = 0.000), and income (χ2 = 16.72, P = 0.002); while attitude score with age (χ2 = 16.27, P = 0.012) and education (χ2 = 25.16, P = 0.003). Practice score was significantly associated with age (χ2 = 11.28, P = 0.023), education (χ2 = 32.27, P = 0.003), and occupation (χ2 = 10.69, P = 0.03). Awareness, attitude, and practice score of women having history of cancer in family or relative was significantly high than women without history. Conclusions: Cognitive barrier was the important barrier which has to be taken care of.
Hospital Information System Satisfaction in Brazil: Background and Moderating Effects
Authors: Nunes Gadelha Socorro , Javier Miranda González Francisco 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
In the last years, hospitals in Brazil have made significant investments in adopting and implementing new hospital information system (HIS). Whether these investments will prove beneficial for these organizations depends on the support that will be provided to ensure the effective use of the information systems (IS) implemented and also on the satisfaction of its users.
The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual model, appropriate for the intention to use HIS, by adopting the system, service, and information qualities covered in the Information System Success Model proposed by DeLone and Mclean.
In the present study, structural analysis applied to data from a sample of 393 HIS users showed the variables service quality, information quality, system quality and satisfaction to act as antecedents of HIS success. A novel finding of the study was the importance of the user's aptitude with respect to computer moderating the relationships of the model.
Managerial implications are provided accordingly. Suggestions for introducing healthcare information system are then provided as well.

How to cite this article
Nunes GS, Javier MGF. Hospital Information System Satisfaction in Brazil: Background and Moderating Effects. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(1):1-9.
Impact of Healthcare Marketing and Branding on Hospital Services
Authors: Kumar P Naveen , Jacob Anil , Thota Smruthi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
Healthcare is one of the many human-centered services offered, the other being legal services, hospitality services, transport services, etc. The healthcare is also the foremost in all of these personal services. Every section of the healthcare experience must embody and convey the message that the hospital is the center of health and wellness in the community. The connection between healthcare provider and patient needs to be developed to improve the delivery model.
However with the rise of healthcare costs to providers, increase in operating costs, informative and knowledgeable customers; hospitals need branding to drive strategies, convey their expanding range of services, make an emotional connection with customers and create lasting relationships thereby generating profits.
Companies are losing out because there is often little or no integration between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and marketing departments and their respective strategies. This misses brand building opportunities and may also confuse as well as disenfranchise company stakeholders.
Unless CSR becomes central to the marketing director's agenda, it will not have the desired effect and can potentially create a backlash. The nature of the business — category, customers, competitors — should dictate how much and in which ways, a company should promote its CSR-related activities.
Here, it lies the importance of developing a more strategic, distinct, sustainable and well defined brand platform. It is ultimately the hospital's brand and the customers’ ability to trust that will aid in the decision-making process between competitive healthcare hospitals. Patient expectations and desires are changing, altering the competitive landscape. Employees are a hospital's most vital force and communication medium. Thus, the brand is the greatest asset for uniting employees around a singular culture and mission. This study highlights a conceptual framework that can be used for healthcare organizations to develop the revenues based on branding.

How to cite this article
Kumar PN, Jacob A, Thota S. Impact of Healthcare Marketing and Branding on Hospital Services. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(1):19-24.
Patient Rights: Awareness and Practice in a Tertiary Care Indian Hospital
Authors: Fernandes Alphonsa B , D'Cunha Sweta , Suresh Sucharita 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Aim and objectives
To study the awareness and practice of Patient rights and to compare the same between general and private ward hospitalized patients of a selected hospital.

Materials and methods
Descriptive research approach was adopted wherein data was collected from 120 hospitalized patients, i.e. 60 from general and 60 from private ward using a structured questionnaire. It was then analyzed by frequency, percentage and significance test to interpret the awareness and practice of patient rights in the hospital.

Results
The study reveals that awareness of patient rights was high in most of the cases. There was 71% awareness about the right to confidentiality, 67% awareness of the right to grievance redressal, 65% awareness about the right to be informed, 58% awareness of the right of access to healthcare and 55% awareness about the patient's right to choice of care and decision making. But low (39%) awareness was noted in case of patient's right to informed consent.
With regards to practice of patient rights, it was seen that certain rights were well-practiced like 95% practice of the right of access to healthcare, 89% practice of the right to confidentiality and 64% practice of the right to choice of care and decision making. But relatively lower percentage of practice was observed for right to be informed (49%), right to informed consent (44%) and the right to grievance redressal (21%). There was significant difference in the level of awareness and practice of patient rights among private and general ward patients in most of the rights.

Conclusion
The study was vital in finding that most respondents were aware of patient rights. So also, most of the patient rights were practiced in the hospital in varying degrees, while a few needed immediate rectification and management action.

How to cite this article
Fernandes AB, D'Cunha S, Suresh S. Patient Rights: Awareness and Practice in a Tertiary Care Indian Hospital. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(1):25-30.
A Study of Prescribing Practices in Outpatient Department of an Apex Tertiary Care Institute of India
Authors: Gupta Shakti Kumar , Siddharth V , Arya S 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Poor quality prescriptions, besides affecting patient safety, have a deleterious impact on the restricted purse of sick persons, especially those belonging to lower socioeconomic strata.

Objective
To study the prescribing practices in outpatient departments of an apex tertiary care institute of India.

Methodology
Descriptive and observational study of randomly taken sample of 300 prescriptions from pharmacy was carried out. Parameters for analysis were selected based on review of literature.

Observations
Of the total samples analyzed, OPD registration number, date of registration, patients name, gender and department were mentioned in 99.3% of prescriptions. Patient name was mentioned in all the prescriptions and gender was present in 99% prescriptions. Address of the patient was present in only 64.7% (194) prescriptions. 93.7% of the prescriptions were legible. Ninety-seven percent of the prescriptions carried diagnosis or presenting complaints. An average of 2.82 ± 1.77 (median – 3) drugs were prescribed per patient. Only 1.63% (14) prescribed drugs were generic. In our study, antacids (26.33%) followed by the vitamins (24%), analgesics (23.3%), antibiotics (22.8%) and antipyretics (18%) were the most commonly prescribed drugs. Drug strength, drug frequency and drug administration route was mentioned in only 62, 89 and 89% of the total prescriptions. Fifty percent did not carry the duration and mean duration of prescription was 17.75 ± 24.18 days. Signature, name, designation, address, stamp and medical registration number of the physician was mentioned only in 96.7, 7.3, 6.7, 2.7, 0.7 and 0% of the prescriptions respectively.

Conclusion
The study has brought out the need for sensitization and awareness programes for doctors to improve the quality of prescription-writing and periodic review of prescriptions.

How to cite this article
Siddharth V, Arya S, Gupta SK. A Study of Prescribing Practices in Outpatient Department of an Apex Tertiary Care Institute of India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2014;2(1):31-35.
Changing Narratives: Colonised Peoples, Criminology and Social Work
Authors: Cunneen Chris , Rowe Simone 
Published: April 2014

There is growing recognition in criminology and social work of the importance of Indigenous knowledges and methodologies. Yet to date there have been limited attempts (particularly in criminology and criminal justice social work) to consider the theoretical and practice implications of Indigenous understandings and approaches to these disciplines. Both disciplines have also been slow to recognise the importance of understanding the way in which colonial effects are perpetuated through knowledge control, particularly in the operation of criminal justice systems. Our paper thus begins by examining the historical and institutional factors that have contributed to the continuing subjugation of Indigenous knowledges and methodologies. A discussion of the connections between the hegemony of Western science, the construction of race, and the colonial project follows. While herein Western and Indigenous approaches are conceptualised broadly, the dangers of over-simplifying these categories is also acknowledged. The paper proceeds by examining the distinctive character of each approach through a consideration of their ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological differences. Whilst acknowledging the considerable challenges which arise in any attempt to develop connections between these differing worldviews, a pathway forward for understanding both theoretically and methodologically the relationship between Western and Indigenous approaches is proposed.
Integrated Information Literacy and Student Outcomes in Foundational First-Year Writing
Authors: Fielding Jennifer , Hans Julia , Mabee Frank , Tracy Kisha , Consalvo Annamary , Craig Layne 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Information literacy is becoming widely established as an assessed and reportable student learning outcome in higher education, yet it is often poorly integrated into the undergraduate curriculum at points where applied knowledge in particular is measured. The current study discusses a collaboration between a librarian and several English Studies faculty to integrate information literacy content more thoroughly into an undergraduate foundational writing course and to assess information literacy outcomes in student artifacts from a pilot group versus a control group using an information literacy rubric. The results indicate that significant gains occurred in all aspects of information literacy when these concepts were broadly integrated into course content and reinforced at multiple points in the course.
Reflecting on Assessment Results to Inform Communication Center Tutor Training and Hiring
Authors: Yook Eunkyong Lee , Kim Mikyong Minsun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study examines students' after-session survey data collected between fall 2010 and fall 2012 from a communication center (n = 1,100) to investigate four types of independent variables: (1) consultants' demographic variables such as female or male status and academic disciplines (language arts versus other disciplines), (2) length of consultation time and whether students received undivided attention, (3) suggestion categories (tapping suggestions on content, delivery, organization respectively), and (4) client willingness to return and client encouragement of others to use the center. Regression analyses provided new insight into predictors of student ratings of usefulness of suggestions and expertise of the consultant. Explanations for the results of the regression analyses are offered, and future directions for research are suggested. Further, implications of the findings on communication center staff hiring and training are suggested.