bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bridge- and Solvent-Mediated Intramolecular Electronic Communications in Ubiquinone-Based Biomolecular Wires
Authors: Liu Xiao-Yuan , Ma Wei , Zhou Hao , Cao Xiao-Ming , Long Yi-Tao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntramolecular electronic communications of molecular wires play a crucial role for developing molecular devices. In the present work, we describe different degrees of intramolecular electronic communications in the redox processes of three ubiquinone-based biomolecular wires (Bis-CoQ0s) evaluated by electrochemistry and Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods in different solvents. We found that the bridges linkers have a significant effect on the electronic communications between the two peripheral ubiquinone moieties and solvents effects are limited and mostly depend on the nature of solvents. The DFT calculations for the first time indicate the intensity of the electronic communications during the redox processes rely on the molecular orbital elements VL for electron transfer (half of the energy splitting of the LUMO and LUMO+1), which is could be affected by the bridges linkers. The DFT calculations also demonstrates the effect of solvents on the latter two-electron transfer of Bis-CoQ0s is more significant than the former two electrons transfer as the observed electrochemical behaviors of three Bis-CoQ0s. In addition, the electrochemistry and theoretical calculations reveal the intramolecular electronic communications vary in the four-electron redox processes of three Bis-CoQ0s.
MoS2 Surface Structure Tailoring via Carbonaceous Promoter
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Li Henan , Wong Jen It , Zhang Xiaoting , Wang Ye , Song Huaihe , Yang Hui Ying 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAtomically thin semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides have been attracting lots of attentions, particularly, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayers show promising applications in field effect transistors, optoelectronics and valleytronics. However, the controlled synthesis of highly crystalline MoS2 remain a challenge especially the systematic approach to manipulate its structure and morphology. Herein, we report a method for controlled synthesis of highly crystalline MoS2 by using chemical vapor deposition method with carbonaceous materials as growth promoter. A uniform and highly crystalline MoS2 monolayer with the grain size close to 40 μm was achieved. Furthermore, we extend the method to the manipulation of MoS2 morphology, flower-shape vertical grown MoS2 layers were obtained on growth promoting substrates. This simple approach allows an easy access of highly crystalline MoS2 layers with morphology tuned in a controllable manner. Moreover, the flower-shape MoS2 grown on graphene oxide film used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries showed excellent electrochemical performance.
Tracing the dynamic life story of a Bronze Age Female
Authors: Frei Karin Margarita , Mannering Ulla , Kristiansen Kristian , Allentoft Morten E. , Wilson Andrew S. , Skals Irene , Tridico Silvana , Louise Nosch Marie , Willerslev Eske , Clarke Leon , Frei Robert 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAncient human mobility at the individual level is conventionally studied by the diverse application of suitable techniques (e.g. aDNA, radiogenic strontium isotopes, as well as oxygen and lead isotopes) to either hard and/or soft tissues. However, the limited preservation of coexisting hard and soft human tissues hampers the possibilities of investigating high-resolution diachronic mobility periods in the life of a single individual. Here, we present the results of a multidisciplinary study of an exceptionally well preserved circa 3.400-year old Danish Bronze Age female find, known as the Egtved Girl. We applied biomolecular, biochemical and geochemical analyses to reconstruct her mobility and diet. We demonstrate that she originated from a place outside present day Denmark (the island of Bornholm excluded) and that she travelled back and forth over large distances during the final months of her life, while consuming a terrestrial diet with intervals of reduced protein intake. We also provide evidence that all her garments were made of non-locally produced wool. Our study advocates the huge potential of combining biomolecular and biogeochemical provenance tracer analyses to hard and soft tissues of a single ancient individual for the reconstruction of high-resolution human mobility.
Complex network models reveal correlations among network metrics, exercise intensity and role of body changes in the fatigue process
Authors: Pereira Vanessa Helena , Gama Maria Carolina Traina , Sousa Filipe Antônio Barros , Lewis Theodore Gyle , Gobatto Claudio Alexandre , Manchado - Gobatto Fúlvia Barros 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aims of the present study were analyze the fatigue process at distinct intensity efforts and to investigate its occurrence as interactions at distinct body changes during exercise, using complex network models. For this, participants were submitted to four different running intensities until exhaustion, accomplished in a non-motorized treadmill using a tethered system. The intensities were selected according to critical power model. Mechanical (force, peak power, mean power, velocity and work) and physiological related parameters (heart rate, blood lactate, time until peak blood lactate concentration (lactate time), lean mass, anaerobic and aerobic capacities) and IPAQ score were obtained during exercises and it was used to construction of four complex network models. Such models have both, theoretical and mathematical value and enables us to perceive new insights that go beyond conventional analysis. From these, we ranked the influences of each node at the fatigue process. Our results shows that nodes, links and network metrics are sensibility according to increase of efforts intensities, been the velocity a key factor to exercise maintenance at models/intensities 1 and 2 (higher time efforts) and force and power at models 3 and 4, highlighting mechanical variables in the exhaustion occurrence and even training prescription applications.
A new look at the essence of the imaging photoplethysmography
Authors: Kamshilin Alexei A. , Nippolainen Ervin , Sidorov Igor S. , Vasilev Petr V. , Erofeev Nikolai P. , Podolian Natalia P. , Romashko Roman V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive optical method accepted in the clinical use for measurements of arterial oxygen saturation. It is widely believed that the light intensity after interaction with the biological tissue in vivo is modulated at the heartbeat frequency mainly due to pulsatile variations of the light absorption caused by arterial blood-volume pulsations. Here we report experimental observations, which are not consistent with this model and demonstrate the importance of elastic deformations of the capillary bed in the formation of the PPG waveform. These results provide new insight on light interaction with live tissue. To explain the observations we propose a new model of PPG in which pulse oscillations of the arterial transmural pressure deform the connective-tissue components of the dermis resulting in periodical changes of both the light scattering and absorption. These local changes of the light-interaction parameters are detected as variations of the light intensity returned to a photosensitive camera. Therefore, arterial pulsations can be indirectly monitored even by using the light, which slightly penetrates into the biological tissue.
fMRI measurements of amygdala activation are confounded by stimulus correlated signal fluctuation in nearby veins draining distant brain regions
Authors: Boubela Roland N. , Kalcher Klaudius , Huf Wolfgang , Seidel Eva-Maria , Derntl Birgit , Pezawas Lukas , Našel Christian , Moser Ewald 
Published: May 2015

AbstractImaging the amygdala with functional MRI is confounded by multiple averse factors, notably signal dropouts due to magnetic inhomogeneity and low signal-to-noise ratio, making it difficult to obtain consistent activation patterns in this region. However, even when consistent signal changes are identified, they are likely to be due to nearby vessels, most notably the basal vein of rosenthal (BVR). Using an accelerated fMRI sequence with a high temporal resolution (TR = 333 ms) combined with susceptibility-weighted imaging, we show how signal changes in the amygdala region can be related to a venous origin. This finding is confirmed here in both a conventional fMRI dataset (TR = 2000 ms) as well as in information of meta-analyses, implying that “amygdala activations” reported in typical fMRI studies are likely confounded by signals originating in the BVR rather than in the amygdala itself, thus raising concerns about many conclusions on the functioning of the amygdala that rely on fMRI evidence alone.
TLR ligand induced IL-6 counter-regulates the anti-viral CD8+ T cell response during an acute retrovirus infection
Authors: Wu Weimin , Dietze Kirsten K. , Gibbert Kathrin , Lang Karl S. , Trilling Mirko , Yan Huimin , Wu Jun , Yang Dongliang , Lu Mengji , Roggendorf Michael , Dittmer Ulf , Liu Jia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have previously shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists contribute to the control of viral infection by augmenting virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. It is also well established that signaling by TLRs results in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6). However, how these pro-inflammatory cytokines influence the virus-specific CD8+ T-cell response during the TLR agonist stimulation remained largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of TLR-induced IL-6 in shaping virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the Friend retrovirus (FV) mouse model. We show that the TLR agonist induced IL-6 counter-regulates effector CD8+ T-cell responses. IL-6 potently inhibited activation and cytokine production of CD8+ T cells in vitro. This effect was mediated by a direct stimulation of CD8+ T cells by IL-6, which induced upregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation and SOCS3 and downregulated STAT4 phosphorylation and T-bet. Moreover, combining TLR stimulation and IL-6 blockade during an acute FV infection resulted in enhanced virus-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity and better control of viral replication. These results have implications for our understanding of the role of TLR induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating effector T cell responses and for the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome T cell dysfunction in chronic viral infections.
Apterous A modulates wing size, bristle formation and patterning in Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Liu Fangzhou , Li Kaiyin , Li Jie , Hu Dingbang , Zhao Jing , He Yueping , Zou Yulan , Feng Yanni , Hua Hongxia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractApterous A (apA), a member of the LIM-homeobox gene family, plays a critical role in the development of wing. The achaete-scute Complex (AS-C) encodes basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors and functions in bristle development. In the present study, we cloned apA (NlapA) and an achaete-scute homologue (NlASH) from N. lugens. Levels of NlapA and NlASH were higher in nymphs than adults, with particularly high expression in the thorax of nymphs. NlapA expressed more highly in nymphs of the macropterous strain (MS) than those of the brachypterous strain (BS) at 2nd and 4th instar. Knockdown of NlapA and NlASH in vivo generated similar phenotypic defects in the wing (loss-of-bristles, twisted or erect wing). Silencing of NlapA in nymphs of MS led to decreased wing size in adults. Moreover, depletion of NlapA suppressed expression of NlDl, Nlsal, Nlser, Nlvg and Nlwg, both in MS and BS, but induced differential responses of Nlubx and Nlnotch expression between MS and BS. Notably, expression of NlASH was regulated by NlapA. These results collectively indicate that NlapA is an upstream modulator of wing size, bristle formation and patterning. Further studies on DNA-protein and protein-protein interactions are required to elucidate NlapA-mediated regulation of wing development.
Mode-matching metasurfaces: coherent reconstruction and multiplexing of surface waves
Authors: Lin Jiao , Wang Qian , Yuan Guanghui , Du Luping , Kou Shan Shan , Yuan Xiao-Cong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMetasurfaces are promising two-dimensional metamaterials that are engineered to provide unique properties or functionalities absent in naturally occurring homogeneous surfaces. Here, we report a type of metasurface for tailored reconstruction of surface plasmon waves from light. The design is based on an array of slit antennas arranged in a way that it matches the complex field distribution of the desired surface plasmon wave. The approach is generic so that one can readily create more intricate designs that selectively generate different surface plasmon waves through simple variation of the wavelength or the polarization state of incident light. The ultra-thin metasurface demonstrated in this paper provides a versatile interface between the conventional free-space optics and a two-dimensional platform such as surface plasmonics.
Chronic kidney disease is associated with a higher 90-day mortality than other chronic medical conditions in patients with sepsis
Authors: Mansur Ashham , Mulwande Evelyn , Steinau Maximilian , Bergmann Ingo , Frederik Popov Aron , Ghadimi Michael , Beissbarth Tim , Bauer Martin , Hinz José 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAccording to previous studies, the clinical course of sepsis could be affected by preexisting medical conditions, which are very common among patients with sepsis. This observational study aimed at investigating whether common chronic medical conditions affect the 90-day mortality risk in adult Caucasian patients with sepsis. A total of 482 patients with sepsis were enrolled in this study. The ninety-day mortality was the primary outcome; organ failure was the secondary outcome. Sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores and the requirements for organ support were evaluated to assess organ failure. A multivariate Cox regression model for the association between the 90-day mortality risk and chronic preexisting medical conditions adjusted for all relevant confounders and mortality predictors revealed the highest hazard ratio for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (hazard ratio, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.46-3.46; p = 0.0002). Patients with CKD had higher SOFA scores than patients without CKD (8.9 ± 4.0 and 6.5 ± 3.4, respectively; p < 0.0001). Additionally, an analysis of organ-specific SOFA scores revealed higher scores in three organ systems (kidney, cardiovascular and coagulation). Patients with CKD have the highest 90-day mortality risk compared with patients without CKD or with other chronic medical conditions.
Effect of Au nano-particle aggregation on the deactivation of the AuCl3/AC catalyst for acetylene hydrochlorination
Authors: Dai Bin , Wang Qinqin , Yu Feng , Zhu Mingyuan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA detailed study of the valence state and distribution of the AuCl3/AC catalyst during the acetylene hydrochlorination deactivation process is described and discussed. Temperature-programmed reduction and X-ray photoelectron spectral analysis indicate that the active Au3+ reduction to metallic Au0 is one reason for the deactivation of AuCl3/AC catalyst. Transmission electron microscopy characterization demonstrated that the particle size of Au nano-particles increases with increasing reaction time. The results indicated that metallic Au0 exhibits considerable catalytic activity and that Au nano-particle aggregation may be another reason for the AuCl3/AC catalytic activity in acetylene hydrochlorination.
Slc5a8, a Na+-coupled high-affinity transporter for short-chain fatty acids, is a conditional tumour suppressor in colon that protects against colitis and colon cancer under low-fibre dietary conditions
Authors: Gurav Ashish , Sivaprakasam Sathish , Bhutia Yangzom D. , Boettger Thomas , Singh Nagendra , Ganapathy Vadivel 
Published: May 2015

Mammalian colon harbours trillions of bacteria under physiological conditions; this symbiosis is made possible because of a tolerized response from the mucosal immune system. The mechanisms underlying this tolerogenic phenomenon remain poorly understood. In the present study we show that Slc5a8 (solute carrier gene family 5a, member 8), a Na+-coupled high-affinity transporter in colon for the bacterial fermentation product butyrate, plays a critical role in this process. Among various immune cells in colon, dendritic cells (DCs) are unique not only in their accessibility to luminal contents but also in their ability to induce tolerogenic phenotype in T-cells. We found that DCs exposed to butyrate express the immunosuppressive enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A2 (Aldh1A2), promote conversion of naive T-cells into immunosuppressive forkhead box P3+ (FoxP3+) Tregs (regulatory T-cells) and suppress conversion of naive T-cells into pro-inflammatory interferon (IFN)-γ-producing cells. Slc5a8-null DCs do not induce IDO1 and Aldh1A2 and do not generate Tregs or suppress IFN-γ-producing T-cells in response to butyrate. We also provide in vivo evidence for an obligatory role for Slc5a8 in suppression of IFN-γ-producing T-cells. Furthermore, Slc5a8 protects against colitis and colon cancer under conditions of low-fibre intake but not when dietary fibre intake is optimal. This agrees with the high-affinity nature of the transporter to mediate butyrate entry into cells. We conclude that Slc5a8 is an obligatory link between dietary fibre and mucosal immune system via the bacterial metabolite butyrate and that this transporter is a conditional tumour suppressor in colon linked to dietary fibre content.
High- and Low-Frequency Decrement Contribution to Spectral Enhancement
Authors: DiGiovanni Jeffrey J. , Riffle Travis L. , Nagaraj Naveen K. 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
The relative benefit of a single, flanking, high- or low-frequency decrement was assessed to better understand properties of spectral enhancement that may aid in algorithm design.

Method
Detection thresholds were measured for intensity increments applied to a narrow target band of frequencies embedded in a broadband signal while 400-Hz-wide, 9- or 12-dB-deep intensity decrements were placed above, below, or on both sides of the target band. A mono condition with no decrements was used as a control. Eight participants with normal hearing and 8 participants with hearing impairment took part in this experiment.

Results
Performance improved in the presence of decrements for both groups and was equivalent for both high- or low-frequency decrements. Comparison with individually measured auditory filters revealed that participants with normal hearing made use of energy cues available within these filters, whereas some participants with hearing impairment, despite improved increment detection, underutilized this information.

Conclusion
Inclusion of a single, adjacent, high- or low-frequency decrement improved increment detection but not to the same extent as when decrements flanked both sides.
Guidelines for Audiologists on the Benefits and Limitations of Genetic Testing
Authors: Mercer Danielle 
Published: May 2015

PurposeThis tutorial provides information to aid audiologists in determining when a referral for a genetics evaluation is appropriate for a patient with hearing loss. Direction is given on discussing the benefits and limitations of genetic testing with parents of children with hearing loss.MethodGenetic patterns of inheritance are reviewed, particularly in reference to syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of hearing loss. A review of pertinent literature was performed.ConclusionAudiologists are in a unique position to facilitate investigation into the etiology of a patient's hearing loss. This is of high importance in genetic etiologies because the diagnosis can provide information on recurrence risks and other potential health implications. Suggestions are made to help audiologists recognize when a genetics referral is warranted, counsel patients and their parents about the benefits and limitations of genetic testing, and interpret genetic test results.
The Effect of Repetition Rate on Air-Conducted Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (oVEMPs)
Authors: Bogle Jamie M. , Zapala David A. , Burkhardt Brittany , Walker Kurt , Lundy Larry , Shelfer Janet , Pratt Terri , Garry Millicent , Walker David 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) are used to describe utricular/superior vestibular nerve function; however, optimal recording parameters have not been fully established. This study investigated the effect of repetition rate on air-conducted oVEMPs.

Method
Ten healthy adults were evaluated using 500-Hz tone bursts (4-ms duration, Blackman gating, 122 dB pSPL). Four repetition rates were used (1.6, 4.8, 8.3, and 26.6 Hz) and resulting oVEMP response presence, amplitude, amplitude asymmetry, and n1/p1 latency were assessed.

Results
Response presence was significantly reduced for 26.6 Hz using monaural stimulation and for 8.3 Hz and 26.6 Hz for binaural stimulation. For monaural stimulation using 1.6, 4.8, and 8.3 Hz, no significant differences were noted for amplitude or latency. Responses obtained using binaural stimulation demonstrated a significant effect of rate on amplitude, with 8.3 Hz producing significantly reduced amplitude. Binaural amplitudes were significantly larger than monaural contralateral responses but with reduced response presence. No significant differences were noted for latency or amplitude asymmetry.

Conclusion
Using repetition rates of approximately 5 Hz or less may produce more consistent oVEMP response presence with minimal effects on amplitude for monaural or binaural recordings.
Dynamic modelling of wind turbine gearbox bearing loading during transient events
Authors: Bruce Thomas , Long Hui , Dwyer‐Joyce Rob S. 
Published: May 2015

Wind turbine gearbox bearings (WTGBs) are the most reliability critical component in wind turbine gearboxes because of their high failure rate and long downtime‐per‐failure. Current design methods predict bearing failure‐by‐fatigue life models. However, premature WTGB failures have been observed by many other modes. This study presents the development of a multibody dynamic gearbox model, used to determine maximum bearing contact stresses from laboratory measured shaft torque data during normal operation and shutdown conditions. The model was validated by comparing its results to other models of the 750 kW National Renewable Energy Laboratory test drive train by the Gearbox Reliability Collaborative. During normal operation, the maximum contact stress experienced by the planetary stage bearings exceeded recommended levels by 1% and during shutdown by 15%. High‐speed shaft bearings also exceeded recommended levels during shutdown by 18%.
Introduction
Authors: Grano Thomas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis introductory chapter has four primary aims. First, it introduces control and restructuring as the book’s two central topics, and it articulates the book’s central thesis: restructuring, in virtue of its co-occurrence with some control predicates but not others, evidences a basic division within the class of complement control structures, the division being keyed to how the semantics of the control predicate interacts with general principles of clausal architecture and of the syntax—semantics interface. Second, it previews the major empirical and theoretical themes of the book that are involved in substantiating this thesis. Third, it briefly summarizes each of the remaining chapters. Fourth and finally, it delimits the scope of the book by situating complement control within a broader typology of phenomena wherein subjects go missing.