bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of Cu+‐catalyzed Decomposition of S‐Nitrosoglutathione Using Saville and Electrochemical Detection: a Pronounced Effect of Glutathione and Copper Concentrations
Authors: Ismail Abdulghani , Griveau Sophie , d'Orlyé Fanny , Varenne Anne , Bedioui Fethi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractS‐nitrosothiols (RSNOs) are composed of nitric oxide (NO) bound to the sulfhydryl group of amino acids of peptides or proteins. There is a great interest for their quantitation in biological fluids as they have a crucial impact on physiological and pathophysiological events. Most analytical methodologies for quantitation of RSNOs are based on their decomposition followed by the detection of the released NO. In order to obtain the optimal sensitivity for each detection method, the total decomposition of RSNOs is highly desired. The decomposition of RSNOs can be obtained by using catalytically active metal ions, such as Cu+, obtained from CuSO4 in presence of a reducing agent such as glutathione (GSH) that is naturally present in biological environment. In this work, we have re‐investigated the decomposition of S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) which is the most abundant in vivo low molecular weight RSNO, with a special emphasis on the effect of CuSO4, GSH, and GSNO concentrations and of their ratio. To this aim, GSNO decomposition optimization was performed by both indirect (Griess assay) and direct (real time electrochemical detection of NO at NO‐microsensor) quantitation methods. Our results show that the ratio between CuSO4, GSH and GSNO should be adjusted to tune the highest decomposition rate of GSNO and the most efficient electrochemical detection of released NO; also it shows the deleterious effect of very high GSH concentration on the detection of GSNO.
An efficient and accurate fully discrete finite element method for unsteady incompressible Oldroyd fluids with large time step
Authors: Guo Yingwen , He Yinnian 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper proposes a second‐order accuracy in time fully discrete finite element method for the Oldroyd fluids of order one. This new approach is based on a finite element approximation for the space discretization, the Crank–Nicolson/Adams–Bashforth scheme for the time discretization and the trapezoid rule for the integral term discretization. It reduces the nonlinear equations to almost unconditionally stable and convergent systems of linear equations that can be solved efficiently and accurately. Here, the numerical simulations for L2, H1 error estimates of the velocity and L2 error estimates of the pressure at different values of viscoelastic viscosities α, different values of relaxation time λ1, different values of null viscosity coefficient μ0 are shown. In addition, two benchmark problems of Oldroyd fluids with different solvent viscosity μ and different relaxation time λ1 are simulated. All numerical results perfectly match with the theoretical analysis and show that the developed approach gives a high accuracy to simulate the Oldroyd fluids under a large time step. Furthermore, the difference and the connection between the Newton fluids and the viscoelastic Oldroyd fluids are displayed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Macroeconomic Announcements on US Equity Prices: 2009–2013
Authors: Nadler Daniel , Schmidt Anatoly B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReturns of several US equity exchange‐traded funds on the days of major macroeconomic announcements are examined for the period of January 2009 to July 2013. The ARMA+GARCH model with external linear regression terms that describe announcement events and their surprises is used. It is found that mean daily returns may be notably higher on the announcement days than those for the buy‐and‐hold strategy, though their difference may be not statistically significant. The ISM Manufacturing Reports, Non‐Farm Payrolls, International Trade Balance, Index of Leading Indicators, Housing Starts, and Jobless Claims turn out to be the most statistically significant factors in the model. Three trading strategies that realize daily returns on the various macroeconomic announcement days are compared with the buy‐and‐hold strategy. The choice of announcements with statistically significant regression coefficients yields higher mean daily returns and better Sharpe ratios but possibly lower compound returns. Transaction costs may significantly affect profitability of these trading strategies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuel Pressure Distribution as a Criterion for the Bipolar Plate Geometry Optimization in PEM Fuel Cells, Modeling and Experiment
Authors: Antuñano M. A. Zamora , Encinas A. , García‐Gallegos J. H. , Moller A. Duarte , Jesús A. Marroquín de , Arriaga L. G. , Ramírez J. M. Olivares 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this study the pressure distribution homogeneity on the catalytic surface is found to provide a simple and reliable fuel flow parameter that can be used to optimize the bipolar plate geometry and the PEM fuel cell performance. Finite element commercial ANSYS software was used to determine the fuel velocity, pressure and mass distribution on eight different bipolar plate geometries. These geometries were also fabricated and characterized experimentally in order to establish a correlation between the power densities with the fuel flow parameters obtained from the simulations. The results show that a highly uniform pressure distribution of the fuel in the bipolar plate is necessary to obtain higher power densities. Inversely, non‐homogeneous pressure distributions lead to lower power densities. Additionally, the measured power density increases when the geometry dependent effective catalytic surface area increases. These results are interesting since they provide an optimization methodology for PEM fuel cells that simplifies and reduces computing requirements, experimentation and manufacturing time.
Retrospective study of the prevalence and progression of monoclonal gammopathy in HIV positive versus HIV negative patients
Authors: Jou Erin , Gligich Oleg , Chan Alvita C. Y. , Mohan Diwakar , Felsen Uriel R. , Ayyappan Sabarish , Billett Henny H. , Hui Edwin P. , Chan Anthony T. , Raghupathy Radha 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe significance of HIV associated paraproteins and their risk of progression to hematological malignancies remains unclear. We compared the development of hematological malignancies among HIV+ (n = 266) and HIV− (n = 537) patients with monoclonal gammopathies. HIV+ and HIV− patients with a positive serum protein electrophoresis test (SPEP) were studied. HIV+ SPEP+ were more likely to have faint and oligoclonal paraproteins (F‐SPEP) and less likely to have discrete bands (D‐SPEP) compared to HIV− SPEP+. The incidence of hematological malignancies was significantly lower in the HIV+ compared to the HIV− (6.4% vs 15.4%, p < 0.0002). Upon subgroup analysis, the lower incidence of hematological malignancies was noted for HIV+ patients with F‐SPEP but not for those with D‐SPEP. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Farnesol and Candida albicans: Quorum Sensing or Not Quorum Sensing?
Authors: Krom Bastiaan P. , Levy Niva , Meijler Michael M. , Jabra‐Rizk Mary Ann 
Published: July 2015

AbstractQuorum sensing (QS) molecules function within communities of single‐cell organisms to allow concerted behavior in response to changing conditions, and certain criteria have been established to determine whether a particular molecule is quorum sensing or not. Farnesol has been identified as a secreted molecule responsible for the inoculum size effect in Candida albicans and synthetic farnesol has been used as a QS molecule in different studies. However, farnesol also exhibits growth inhibitory effects, and so a critical evaluation of farnesol is warranted. Here we review the literature to determine whether or not farnesol can indeed be considered a QS molecule in C. albicans.
Intersex in fishes and amphibians: population implications, prevalence, mechanisms and molecular biomarkers
Authors: Abdel‐moneim Ahmed , Coulter David P. , Mahapatra Cecon T. , Sepúlveda Maria S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntersex is defined as the abnormal presence of both testicular and ovarian cells in gonads of gonochoristic animals. Its occurrence is widespread and reports on its presence in the gonads of vertebrates continues to increase. In this review, we use standardized terminology to summarize the current knowledge of intersex in gonochoristic fishes and amphibians. We describe the different indices that have been used to assess the severity of intersex and synthesize reports discussing the prevalence of intersex in relation to different types of pollutants. In addition, we evaluate the geographic distribution and chronology of the reported cases of intersex in fishes and amphibians, their pathological descriptions and severity and discuss species sensitivities. We also summarize molecular biomarkers that have been tested for early detection of intersex in wild populations and highlight additional biomarkers that target molecular pathways involved in gonadal development that require further investigation for use in the diagnosis of intersex. Finally, we discuss the needs for future research in this field. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IV and IP administration of rhodamine in visualization of WBC‐BBB interactions in cerebral vessels
Authors: Reichenbach Zachary Wilmer , Li Hongbo , Gaughan John P. , Elliott Melanie , Tuma Ronald 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEpi‐illuminescence intravital fluorescence microscopy has been employed to study leukocyte‐endothelial interactions in a number of brain pathologies. Historically, dyes such as Rhodamine 6G have been injected intravenously. However, intravenous injections can predispose experimental animals to a multitude of complications and requires a high degree of technical skill. Here, we study the efficacy of injecting Rhodamine 6G into the peritoneum (IP) for the purpose of analyzing leukocyte‐endothelial interactions through a cranial window during real time intravital microscopy. After examining the number of rolling and adherent leukocytes through a cranial window, we found no advantage to the intravenous injection (IV). Additionally, we tested blood from both routes of injection by flow cytometry to gain a very precise picture of the two methods. The two routes of administration failed to show any difference in the ability to detect cells. The study supports the notion that IP Rhodamine 6G works as efficaciously as IV and should be considered a viable alternative in experimental design for investigations employing intravital microscopy. Facilitated intravital studies will allow for more exploration into cerebral pathologies and allow for more rapid translation from the laboratory to the patient with less chance of experimental error from failed IV access. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:894–899, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The composition of mobile matter in a floodplain topsoil: A comparative study with soil columns and field lysimeters
Authors: Fritzsche Andreas , Pagels Britt , Totsche Kai U. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFloodplain soils are characterized by frequent and extreme redox changes caused by inundation with river water or imbibition of groundwater. Depending on the duration and extent of inundation, biogeochemical processes run at sub‐/anoxic conditions, which may result in the mobilization and relocation of dissolved and particulate matter within the soil. In this study, we investigated the effect of inundation events on the composition of mobilized matter in the topsoil horizon of a floodplain soil. We conducted experiments with soil columns in the laboratory and gravitational lysimeters in the field to identify redox‐mediated (im)mobilization processes and to estimate their relevance under field conditions. The lysimeters were filled with topsoil monoliths and run under in situ conditions during a ≈ 2.5‐y period. The soil columns were run with the same soil material either under strictly anoxic or mixed oxic–anoxic conditions. Effluents from mixed oxic–anoxic soil were composed fundamentally different [comparably high: Mn, Al, nitrate, sulfate; comparably low: pH, organic C (OC); not detected: Fe, As] compared to effluents from strictly anoxic soil (comparably high: pH, Fe, Mn, OC, As; comparably low: Al; not detected: nitrate, sulfate). Matter, which was mobile under anoxic conditions (e.g., Fe, As, OC), was effectively immobilized as soon as the mobile phase passed anoxic–oxic boundaries within soil (exception: Mn). We assume that the solution in the soil monoliths always passed such anoxic–oxic boundaries during downwards migration independent of lysimeter flooding with river water. This is indicated by the similar composition of the lysimeter seepage water and the effluents from mixed oxic–anoxic soil columns. Both solutions contained “fingerprints” from anoxic (Mn) and oxic conditions (nitrate). Inundations with river water and the duration of these floods (1–22 d) did not affect the composition of the lysimeter seepage water. In conclusion, immediate changes in the composition of the solution, which enters either the subsoil or nearby receiving waters, cannot be expected from regular topsoil flooding.
Selective mass transport of azobenzene‐containing photosensitive films towards or away from the light intensity
Authors: Yadavalli Nataraja Sekhar , König Tobias , Santer Svetlana 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHere, we report on two photosensitive amorphous polymers showing opposite behavior upon exposure to illumination. The first polymer (PAZO) consists of linear backbone to which azobenzene‐containing side chains are covalently attached, while in the second polymer (azo‐PEI), the azobenzene side chains are attached ionically to a polyelectrolyte backbone. When irradiated through a mask, the PAZO goes away from the intensity maxima, leaving behind topography trenches, while the direction of the mass transport of the azo‐PEI polymer points towards the intensity maxima. This kind of behavior has been reported only for certain liquid crystalline polymers that exhibit in‐phase reaction on illumination, that is, topography maxima coincides with the intensity maxima. Furthermore, flat nanocrystals placed on top of azo‐PEI film was found to be moved together with the mass transport of the underlying polymer film as visualized using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It was also demonstrated that the two polymer films respond differently on irradiation with the polarization and intensity interference patterns (IPs). To record the kinetic of the surface relief grating formation within two polymers during irradiation with different IPs, we utilized a homemade setup combining the optical part for the generation of IP and AFM. A possible mechanism explaining different responses on the irradiation of amorphous polymers is discussed in the frame of a theoretical model proposed by Saphiannikova et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 113, 5032–5045 (2009)).
Efficient Raman frequency conversion of high‐power fiber lasers in diamond
Authors: Williams Robert J. , Nold Johannes , Strecker Maximilian , Kitzler Ondrej , McKay Aaron , Schreiber Thomas , Mildren Richard P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report high‐power frequency conversion of a Yb‐doped fiber laser using a double‐pass pumped external‐cavity diamond Raman oscillator. Pumping with circular polarization is shown to be efficient while facilitating high‐power optical isolation between the pump and Raman laser. We achieved continuous‐wave average power of 154 W with a conversion efficiency of 50.5% limited by backward‐amplified light in the fiber laser. In order to prove further scalability, we achieved a maximum steady‐state Raman‐shifted output of 381 W with 61% conversion efficiency and excellent beam quality using 10 ms pump pulses, approximately a thousand times longer than the transient thermal time‐constant. No power saturation or degradation in beam quality is observed. The results challenge the present understanding of heat deposition in Raman crystals and foreshadow prospects for reduced thermal effects in diamond than originally anticipated. We also report the first experimental evidence for stimulated Brillouin scattering in diamond.
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Modulation bandwidth and energy efficiency of metallic cavity semiconductor nanolasers with inclusion of noise effects
Authors: Ding K. , Diaz J. O. , Bimberg D. , Ning C. Z. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractModulation bandwidth and energy efficiency of metallic cavity nanolasers are studied in both small signal and digital modulation formats. Special emphasis is placed on the effects of noise on data rate and energy efficiency. It is found that the data rate for nanolasers of small sizes is severely limited by noise‐induced bit‐error rate. The trade‐off between size‐reduction and noise effects leads to an optimal cavity size to achieve the highest data rate. The energy data‐rate ratio decreases in general with device size, but starts to increase in ultrasmall devices, due to increased threshold current and noise effects. However, relatively high modulation rate and energy efficiency can be achieved in metallic cavity nanolasers. Calculations show that a low energy consumption of 30 fJ/bit at a high data rate of 120 Gbit/s can be realized in nanolasers as small as V = 16 (λ/nr)3 (V is the laser cavity volume). Ultralow energy consumption per bit (<10 fJ/bit) does require smaller devices (V<2.1 (λ/nr)3), while the noise limits the data rate to below 50 Gbit/s. Such a balanced and holistic consideration between device size, data rate, noise effects, and energy efficiency offers new perspectives to nanolaser design strategy for future onchip integrated nanophotonics systems.
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Eltoprazine prevents levodopa‐induced dyskinesias by reducing striatal glutamate and direct pathway activity
Authors: Paolone Giovanna , Brugnoli Alberto , Arcuri Ludovico , Mercatelli Daniela , Morari Michele 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPreclinical and clinical evidence that the serotonergic system plays a major role in levodopa‐induced dyskinesias has been provided. Selective serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) 5‐HT1A or 5‐HT1B receptor agonists, and, very recently, the mixed 5‐HT1A/5‐HT1B receptor agonist, eltoprazine, proved effective in inhibiting l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesias in experimental animals and parkinsonian patients. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying this effect.MethodsMicrodialysis was employed in 6‐hydroxydopamine‐hemilesioned rats chronically treated with l‐dopa alone or in combination with eltoprazine. Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate levels were monitored on l‐dopa in the dopamine‐depleted striatum and ipsilateral SNr. Motor activity on the rotarod was assessed, both off and on l‐dopa. Western blot was used to quantify ex vivo striatal levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2. Striatal and nigral amino acid levels, as well as striatal dopamine levels, were also monitored in l‐dopa‐primed dyskinetic rats acutely challenged with l‐dopa and eltoprazine.ResultsEltoprazine attenuated the development and expression of dyskinesias, preserving motor coordination on the rotarod. Eltoprazine prevented the rise of nigral amino acids and striatal glutamate levels, as well as the increase in striatal phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2, associated with dyskinesias. However, eltoprazine did not affect the l‐dopa‐induced increase in striatal dopamine.ConclusionsEltoprazine inhibits the sensitization of striatonigral medium‐sized GABA spiny neurons (the direct pathway) to l‐dopa and their overactivation associated with dyskinesias appearance. Activation of 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT1B receptors regulating striatal glutamate transmission, but not striatal ectopic dopamine release, might underlie the symptomatic effect of eltoprazine. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimizer with Varying Acceleration Coefficients for Finding the Most Stable Conformer of Small Molecules
Authors: Agrawal Shikha , Silakari Sanjay , Agrawal Jitendra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA novel parameter automation strategy for Particle Swarm Optimization called APSO (Adaptive PSO) is proposed. The algorithm is designed to efficiently control the local search and convergence to the global optimum solution. Parameters c1 controls the impact of the cognitive component on the particle trajectory and c2 controls the impact of the social component. Instead of fixing the value of c1 and c2 , this paper updates the value of these acceleration coefficients by considering time variation of evaluation function along with varying inertia weight factor in PSO. Here the maximum and minimum value of evaluation function is use to gradually decrease and increase the value of c1 and c2 respectively. Molecular energy minimization is one of the most challenging unsolved problems and it can be formulated as a global optimization problem. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effect of newly developed APSO on the highly complex molecular potential energy function and to check the efficiency of the proposed algorithm to find the global minimum of the function under consideration. The proposed algorithm APSO is therefore applied in two cases: Firstly, for the minimization of a potential energy of small molecules with up to 100 degrees of freedom and finally for finding the global minimum energy conformation of 1,2,3‐trichloro‐1‐flouro‐propane molecule based on a realistic potential energy function. The computational results of all the cases show that the proposed method performs significantly better than the other algorithms.
3D Structure, Dimerization Modeling, and Lead Discovery by Ligand‐protein Interaction Analysis of p60 Transcription Regulator Protein (p60TRP)
Authors: Pramanik Subrata , Kutzner Arne , Heese Klaus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe p60 transcription regulator protein (p60TRP) is a basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) domain‐containing neuroprotective protein and a member of the G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐associated sorting protein (GPRASP) family. In the present study, multiple theoretical physico‐chemical methods (e.g. Modeller v.9.13, I‐TASSER, PROCHECK and ClusPro v2.0 with PIPER) were applied to unveil the three‐dimensional (3D) protein structure of the p60TRP homo‐dimer protein and explore potential ligand‐protein interactions. Our results suggest a Mg2+‐containing 3D p60TRP dimer protein that potentially interacts with 5‐(1‐aziridinyl)‐2,4‐dinitrobenzamide (CB1954) and [2‐(3‐dodecylimidazolidin‐1‐yl)‐1‐phosphonoethyl] phosphonic acid (B73). The discovery of CB1954 and B73 may serve as a potential lead for further drug screening tests to normalize the p60TRP signaling pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Interference with p60TRP signaling via CB1954/B73‐related molecules might be a novel option for modifying neurodegenerative signaling pathways (e.g. RIN1, PP2A, RanBP5, CREB and SYNJ1) to treat various brain diseases.