bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study of colonic diverticulosis in the London Bangladeshi population
Authors: Lahiri Rajiv P , Abeles Aliza , Burnand Katherine M , Alazawi William , Bhattacharya Satyajit , Foster Graham R , Knowles Charles H 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundDiverticular disease is the most common morphological abnormality of the colon and the fifth most important gastrointestinal disease in terms of cost in the Western world. Tower Hamlets is the poorest borough in London containing a large Bangladeshi community. We observed that emergency admissions with complications of colonic diverticulosis were minimal in the Bangladeshi community. The objective was to compare the background prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in Bangladeshis with other ethnicities in patients undergoing colonoscopy at a single centre in Tower Hamlets.MethodsFour thousand four hundred and fifty‐four consecutive colonoscopy reports over a 2‐year period were retrospectively analysed. Patients under 40 years of age and repeat colonoscopies were excluded, leaving 3151 patients (mean age: 63 years; 48% male). Demographics including ethnicity and medical background were retrieved from the electronic patient record system and findings correlated with the prevalence of other ‘Western’ diseases in the cohort.ResultsSix hundred and thirty out of 3151 (20%) colonoscopies were performed on Bangladeshis. The prevalence of colonic diverticulosis was significantly lower in Bangladeshis (17/630: 2.7%) than Caucasians (673/1869: 36%), Indians/Pakistanis (16/161: 9.9%), Oriental (15/44: 34%) and Black (90/369: 24.4%) patient groups (χ2 p  < 0.0001 for all comparisons). The prevalence of classical sigmoid diverticulosis in the Bangladeshi cohort was only 1.0%, despite significantly more Bangladeshi patients undergoing colonoscopy for abdominal pain (p  < 0.0001, χ2 ) and diarrhoea (p  < 0.0034, χ2 ). There was also a significantly greater incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischaemic heart disease (p  < 0.0001, χ2 ) in Bangladeshi patients.ConclusionsThere is a negligible prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in the Bangladeshi population of London who undergo colonoscopy. This is in spite of a high incidence of type 2 diabetes and ischaemic heart disease. The effect of diet and genetics on the prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in Bangladeshis is not known and merits further investigation.
Gastric obstruction after endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Kakushima Naomi , Tanaka Masaki , Sawai Hiroaki , Imai Kenichiro , Kawata Noboru , Hagiwara Tomoko , Takao Toshitatsu , Hotta Kinichi , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Takizawa Kohei , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundBleeding and perforation are two major complications of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). There are only a few reports concerning gastric obstruction related to ESD in the stomach.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features of patients who experienced gastric obstruction after gastric ESD.MethodsClinicopathological data of 1878 patients who underwent gastric ESD from September 2002 to December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Data of lesion location, circumference, circumferential extent of ESD ulcer, specimen diameter, depth of cancer, ulcer findings within the lesion, curability of ESD, number of simultaneous lesions, and occurrence of post‐operative bleeding and perforation were collected. The risk of gastric obstruction regarding lesion and procedure related factors were assessed, and treatment for these patients was studied.ResultsGastric obstruction was observed in 2.5% of the patients (47/1878). Symptoms occurred in a median of 24 days after ESD. The incidence among patients with lesions in the upper part of the stomach was 4.7% (17/316), 0.36% (3/818) in the middle, and 3.8% (27/699) in the lower part. In relation to the circumferential extent, the incidence was 50% (33/66) among patients with a resection of >75% of the circumference. Stenosis was observed in 87% (41/47) of patients with gastric obstruction. Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed in 45 patients. Perforation due to EBD occurred in four patients; one was referred to surgery.ConclusionsPatients with a wide resection of >75% of the circumference should be considered for early repeat endoscopy after ESD, and dilation should be performed with caution if found to have stenosis.
A distinct evolution of the T-cell repertoire categorizes treatment refractory gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Meyer Everett H. , Hsu Andro R. , Liliental Joanna , Löhr Andrea , Florek Mareike , Zehnder James L. , Strober Sam , Lavori Philip , Miklos David B. , Johnson David S. , Negrin Robert S. 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
T-cell clones identified in the GI tract of patients with steroid-refractory acute GI GVHD expand in the blood with disease progression. The T-cell repertoire in the GI tract of steroid-refractory patients at the time of diagnosis is more similar than for responsive patients.
Real-time interactive data mining for chemical imaging information: application to automated histopathology
Authors: Mayerich David , Walsh Michael , Schulmerich Matthew , Bhargava Rohit 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundVibrational spectroscopic imaging is now used in several fields to acquire molecular information from microscopically heterogeneous systems. Recent advances have led to promising applications in tissue analysis for cancer research, where chemical information can be used to identify cell types and disease. However, recorded spectra are affected by the morphology of the tissue sample, making identification of chemical structures difficult.ResultsExtracting features that can be used to classify tissue is a cumbersome manual process which limits this technology from wide applicability. In this paper, we describe a method for interactive data mining of spectral features using GPU-based manipulation of the spectral distribution.ConclusionsThis allows researchers to quickly identify chemical features corresponding to cell type. These features are then applied to tissue samples in order to visualize the chemical composition of the tissue without the use of chemical stains.
Genotype imputation accuracy in a F2 pig population using high density and low density SNP panels
Authors: Gualdrón Duarte Jose L , Bates Ronald O , Ernst Catherine W , Raney Nancy E , Cantet Rodolfo JC , Steibel Juan P 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
F2 resource populations have been used extensively to map QTL segregating between pig breeds. A limitation associated with the use of these resource populations for fine mapping of QTL is the reduced number of founding individuals and recombinations of founding haplotypes occurring in the population. These limitations, however, become advantageous when attempting to impute unobserved genotypes using within family segregation information. A trade-off would be to re-type F2 populations using high density SNP panels for founding individuals and low density panels (tagSNP) in F2 individuals followed by imputation. Subsequently a combined meta-analysis of several populations would provide adequate power and resolution for QTL mapping, and could be achieved at relatively low cost. Such a strategy allows the wealth of phenotypic information that has previously been obtained on experimental resource populations to be further mined for QTL identification. In this study we used experimental and simulated high density genotypes (HD-60K) from an F2 cross to estimate imputation accuracy under several genotyping scenarios.

Results
Selection of tagSNP using physical distance or linkage disequilibrium information produced similar imputation accuracies. In particular, tagSNP sets averaging 1 SNP every 2.1 Mb (1,200 SNP genome-wide) yielded imputation accuracies (IA) close to 0.97. If instead of using custom panels, the commercially available 9K chip is used in the F2, IA reaches 0.99. In order to attain such high imputation accuracy the F0 and F1 generations should be genotyped at high density. Alternatively, when only the F0 is genotyped at HD, while F1 and F2 are genotyped with a 9K panel, IA drops to 0.90.

Conclusions
Combining 60K and 9K panels with imputation in F2 populations is an appealing strategy to re-genotype existing populations at a fraction of the cost.
Competing-risk analysis of death and dialysis initiation among elderly (≥80 years) newly referred to nephrologists: a French prospective study
Authors: Faller Bernadette , Beuscart Jean-Baptiste , Frimat Luc ,   and on behalf of the ‘Association des néphrologues de l’Est’
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Reasons underlying dialysis decision-making in Octogenarians and Nonagenarians have not been further explored in prospective studies.

Methods
This regional, multicentre, non-interventional and prospective study was aimed to describe characteristics and quality of life (QoL) of elderly (≥80 years of age) with advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 3b-5 CKD) newly referred to nephrologists. Predictive factors of death and dialysis initiation were also assessed using competing-risk analyses.

Results
All 155 included patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) below 45 ml/min/1.73 m2. Most patients had a non anaemic haemoglobin level (Hb) with no iron deficiency, and normal calcium and phosphate levels. They were well-fed and had a normal cognitive function and a good QoL. The 3-year probabilities of death and dialysis initiation reached 27% and 11%, respectively. The leading causes of death were cardiovascular (32%), cachexia (18%), cancer (9%), infection (3%), trauma (3%), dementia (3%), and unknown (32%). The reasons for dialysis initiation were based on uncontrolled biological abnormalities, such as hyperkalemia or acidosis (71%), uncontrolled digestive disorders (35%), uncontrolled pulmonary or peripheral oedema (29%), and uncontrolled malnutrition (12%). No patients with acute congestive heart failure or cancer initiated dialysis. Predictors of death found in both multivariate regression models (Cox and Fine & Gray) included acute congestive heart failure, age, any walking impairment and Hb <10 g/dL. Regarding dialysis initiation, eGFR <23 mL/min/1.73 m2 was the only predictor found in the Cox multivariate regression model whereas eGFR <23 mL/min/1.73 m2 and diastolic blood pressure were both independently associated with dialysis initiation in the Fine & Gray analysis. Such findings suggested that death and dialysis were independent events.

Conclusions
Octogenarians and Nonagenarians newly referred to nephrologists by general practitioners were highly selected patients, without any symptoms of the common geriatric syndrome. In this population, nephrologists’ dialysis decision was based exclusively on uremic criteria.
Measures of satisfaction with care during labour and birth: a comparative review
Authors: Sawyer Alexandra , Ayers Susan , Abbott Jane , Gyte Gillian , Rabe Heike , Duley Lelia 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundSatisfaction is the one of the most frequently reported outcome measures for quality of care. Assessment of satisfaction with maternity services is crucial, and psychometrically sound measures are needed if this is to inform health practices. This paper comparatively reviews current measures of satisfaction with care during labour and birth.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted. Studies were located through computerised databases and hand searching references of identified articles and reviews. Inclusion criteria were that the questionnaire was a multi-item scale of satisfaction with care during labour and birth, and some form of psychometric information (either information about questionnaire construction, or reliability, or validity) had to be reported.ResultsNine questionnaires of satisfaction with care during labour and birth were identified. Instruments varied in psychometric properties and dimensions. Most described questionnaire construction and tested some form of reliability and validity. Measures were generally not based on the main theoretical models of satisfaction and varied in scope and application to different types of samples (e.g. satisfaction following caesarean section). For an in-depth measure of satisfaction with intrapartum care, the Intrapartal-Specific Quality from the Patient’s Perspective questionnaire (QPP-I) is recommended. Brief measures with good reliability and validity are provided by the Six Simple Questions (SSQ) or Perceptions of Care Adjective Checklist (PCACL-R).ConclusionsDespite the interest in measures of satisfaction there are only a small number of validated measures of satisfaction with care during labour and birth. It is important that brief, reliable and valid measures are available for use in general and specific populations in order to assist research and inform practice.
Burden of self-reported acute gastrointestinal illness in China: a population-based survey
Authors: Chen Yan , Yan Wei-Xing , Zhou Yi-Jing , Zhen Shi-Qi , Zhang Rong-Hua , Chen Jiang , Liu Zhan-Hua , Cheng Heng-Yi , Liu Hong , Duan Sheng-Gang , Lan Zhen , Sun Ji-Chang , You Xing-Yong , Li Jing-Guang , Wu Yong-Ning 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) is an important public-health problem worldwide. Previous national studies of the incidence of AGI in China were performed decades ago, and detailed information was not available. This study therefore sought to determine the magnitude, distribution, and burden of self-reported AGI in China.

Methods
Twelve-month, retrospective face-to-face surveys were conducted in 20 sentinel sites from six provinces between July 2010 and July 2011.

Results
In total, 39686 interviews were completed. The overall adjusted monthly prevalence of AGI was 4.2% (95% confidence interval, 4.0–4.4), corresponding to 0.56 episodes of AGI per person-year. Rates of AGI were highest in children aged < 5 years. Healthcare was sought by 56.1% of those reporting illness. Of the cases who visited a doctor, 32.7% submitted a stool sample. The use of antibiotics was reported by 49.7% of the cases who sought medical care and 54.0% took antidiarrhoeals. In the multivariable model, gender, age, education, household type, residence, season, province and travel were significant risk factors of being a case of AGI.

Conclusions
This first population-based study in China indicated that AGI represents a substantial burden of health. Further research into the specific pathogens is needed to better estimate the burden of AGI and foodborne disease in China.
The classical progesterone receptor mediates the rapid reduction of fallopian tube ciliary beat frequency by progesterone
Authors: Bylander Anna , Lind Karin , Goksör Mattias , Billig Håkan , Larsson DG Joakim 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The transport of gametes as well as the zygote is facilitated by motile cilia lining the inside of the fallopian tube. Progesterone reduces the ciliary beat frequency within 30 minutes in both cows and mice. This rapid reduction suggest the involvement of a non-genomic signaling mechanism, although it is not known which receptors that are involved. Here we investigated the possible involvement of the classical progesterone receptor in this process.

Method
The ciliary beat frequency of mice fallopian tube was measured ex vivo using an inverted bright field microscope and a high speed camera. The effects of the agonists progesterone and promegestone and an antagonist, mifeprestone, were investigated in wildtype mice. The effect of progesterone was also investigated in mice lacking the classical progesterone receptor.

Results
Progesterone, as well as the more specific PR agonist promegestone, significantly reduced the CBF at concentrations of 10–100 nanomolar within 10–30 minutes. In the absence of progesterone, the PR antagonist mifeprestone had no effect on the ciliary beat frequency at a concentration of 1 micromolar. When ciliated cells were pre-incubated with 1 micromolar mifeprestone, addition of progesterone did not reduce the ciliary beat frequency. Accordingly, in ciliated cells from mice not expressing the classical progesterone receptor, exposure to 100 nanomolar progesterone did not reduce the ciliary beat frequency.

Conclusions
This is the first study to provide comprehensive evidence that the classical progesterone receptor mediates the rapid reduction of the tubal ciliary beat frequency by progesterone.
Maternal nutrient restriction in the ewe from early to midgestation programs reduced steroidogenic enzyme expression and tended to reduce progesterone content of corpora lutea, as well as circulating progesterone in nonpregnant aged female offspring
Authors: Long Nathan M , Tuersunjiang Nuermaimaiti , George Lindsey A , Lemley Caleb O , Ma Yan , Murdoch William J , Nathanielsz Peter W , Ford Stephen P 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Previously we reported decreased circulating progesterone and fertility in one and two year old ewes born to undernourished mothers. This study was designed to investigate if this reduction in progesterone persisted into old age, and if it did, what mechanisms are involved.

Methods
Ewes were fed a nutrient restricted (NR, 50% of NRC recommendations) or control (C, 100% of NRC) diets from day 28 to 78 of gestation, then all were fed to requirements through parturition and weaning. Female offspring (4 per treatment group) were maintained as a group and fed to requirements from weaning until assigned to this study at 6 years of age. Ewes were synchronized for estrus (day 0) and blood samples were collected daily from day 0 to day 11 before necropsy on day 12. Blood serum and luteal tissue were assayed for progesterone concentrations by validated radioimmunoassay.

Results
Circulation progesterone concentrations tended to be lower (P = 0.06) in NR than C offspring from day 0 to 11 of the estrous cycle. While total luteal weight was similar across groups, total progesterone content also tended to be reduced (P = 0.07) in luteal tissue of NR than C offspring. Activity of hepatic progesterone catabolizing enzymes and selected angiogenic factors in luteal tissue were similar between groups. Messenger RNA expression of steroidogenic enzymes StAR and P450scc were reduced (P < 0.05), while protein expression of StAR tended to be reduced (P < 0.07) and P450scc was reduced (P < 0.05) in luteal tissue of NR versus C offspring.

Conclusions
There appears to be no difference in hepatic steroid catabolism that could have led to the decreased serum progesterone. However, these data are consistent with the programming of decreased steroidogenic enzyme expression in CL of NR offspring, leading to reduced synthesis and secretion of progesterone.
Enhanced efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells doped with green phosphors LaPO4:Ce, Tb or (Mg, Zn)Al11O19:Eu
Authors: Hong Chang Kook , Ko Hyun-Seok , Han Eun-Mi , Yun Je-Jung , Park Kyung-Hee 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We have successfully introduced green phosphors LaPO4:Ce, Tb (G4) or (Mg, Zn)Al11O19:Eu (G2) into TiO2 photoelectrode of dye-sensitized solar cells. The conversion efficiency of the G4-doped device was enhanced by 30% compared with the pristine TiO2 photoelectrode. The green phosphor doped at 5-wt.% ratio contributed to the reduction of resistances of the surface and interface of the photoelectrode and to the great enhancement of the absorption spectrum in UV-visible and near-infrared regions. The internal resistances and absorbance of the photoelectrode directly affect the power conversion efficiency. Green phosphor plays an important role towards the realization of high-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells.
Drug eluting balloons for de novocoronary lesions – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fröhlich Georg M , Lansky Alexandra J , Ko Dennis T , Archangelidi Olga , De Palma Rodney , Timmis Adam , Meier Pascal 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The role of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) is unclear. Increasing evidence has shown a benefit for the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Its effect on de novo coronary lesions is more controversial. Several smaller randomized trials found conflicting results.

Methods
This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the effect of local Paclitaxel delivery/drug eluting balloons (DEB) (+/− bare metal stent) compared to current standard therapy (stenting) to treat de novo coronary lesions. Data sources for RCT were identified through a literature search from 2005 through 28 December 2012. The main endpoints of interest were target lesion revascularization (TLR), major adverse cardiac events (MACE), binary in-segment restenosis, stent thrombosis (ST), myocardial infarction (MI), late lumen loss (LLL) and mortality. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
Eight studies (11 subgroups) and a total of 1,706 patients were included in this analysis. Follow-up duration ranged from 6 to 12 months. Overall, DEB showed similar results to the comparator treatment. The relative risk (RR) for MACE was 0.95 (0.64 to 1.39); P = 0.776, for mortality it was 0.79 (0.30 to 2.11), P = 0.644, for stent thrombosis it was 1.45 (0.42 to 5.01), P = 0.560, for MI it was 1.26 (0.49 to 3.21), P = 0.629, for TLR it was 1.09 (0.71 to 1.68); P = 0.700 and for binary in-stent restenosis it was 0.96 (0.48 to 1.93), P = 0.918. Compared to bare metal stents (BMS), DEB showed a lower LLL (− 0.26 mm (−0.51 to 0.01)) and a trend towards a lower MACE risk (RR 0.66 (0.43 to 1.02)).

Conclusion
Overall, drug-eluting balloons (+/− bare metal stent) are not superior to current standard therapies (BMS or drug eluting stent (DES)) in treating de novo coronary lesions. However, the performance of DEB seems to lie in between DES and BMS with a trend towards superiority over BMS alone. Therefore, DEB may be considered in patients with contraindications for DES. The heterogeneity between the included studies is a limitation of this meta-analysis; different drug-eluting balloons have been used.