bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Japanese Macaques Depend not Only on Neighbours but also on More Distant Members for Group Cohesion
Authors: Sugiura Hideki , Shimooka Yukiko , Tsuji Yamato 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA well‐known behavioural model for group aggregation is that an individual depends on a few neighbouring individuals to adjust its movement, such as departure (repulsion) from and approach (attraction) to neighbours. However, an individual may rely not only on a few closest neighbours, but also on more distant individuals, in a group of stable membership. We measured temporal changes in the local density of individuals around a focal individual and changes in distance to other focal individuals in a group of wild Japanese macaques to determine whether the macaques depended only on a few neighbours or also on more distant individuals for adjustments in cohesiveness. We used simultaneous focal animal sampling, with two observers recording the individuals' locations using a global positioning system (GPS), over three seasons. Numbers of individuals within 20 m from an animal tended to increase after 10 min when there were a small number of individuals around the animal. However, the number tended to decrease when there was a larger number of individuals. It remained similar when there were an intermediate number of individuals. The two focal animals tended to separate after 10 min when the interindividual distance was short. However, they tended to move closer when far apart. They remained a similar distance apart when they were at an intermediate distance. Contact calls, which are suggested to function as locating group members and keeping cohesiveness, were emitted more frequently when the distance between the two focal animals was very large in two seasons. However, the rate of contact calls was not influenced by the number of individuals within 20 m from an animal. These results suggest that individual Japanese macaques do not only rely on a few closest neighbours, but also rely on more distant group members. Japanese macaques may know the general whereabouts of the whole group, and when they stay at the periphery of the group, they may emit contact calls frequently and move towards the central zone so as not to become separated from the group.
Effects of Egg and Circulating Testosterone on Ring‐Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) Male Traits and Combat Outcome
Authors: Rubolini Diego , Fusani Leonida , Bonisoli‐Alquati Andrea , Canoine Virginie , Caprioli Manuela , Romano Maria , Ambrosini Roberto , Dessì‐Fulgheri Francesco , Saino Nicola 
Published: October 2013

AbstractStudies of avian species have shown that maternal effects mediated by the transfer of egg hormones can profoundly affect offspring phenotype and fitness. We previously demonstrated that the injection of a physiological amount of testosterone (T) in the eggs of ring‐necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) disrupted the covariation among male morphological traits at sexual maturity and positively affected male mating success. Here, we investigate whether egg T exposure affected adult male circulating T levels at the onset of the breeding season (reflecting gonadal maturation), and the relationship between circulating T and male traits. Egg T exposure did not affect pre‐mating plasma T. T levels were not associated with the expression of secondary sexual and non‐sexual traits or socio‐sexual behaviour (social rank, overall fighting ability and mating success). However, wattle brightness decreased with increasing circulating T in males hatched from T‐eggs (T‐males) but not among control males. In dyadic encounters during the peak mating period, control males with higher pre‐mating T levels had higher chances of being dominant over other control males. However, higher pre‐mating T levels did not predict success in male‐male competition in encounters involving T‐males. We suggest that the long‐term effects of egg T on male phenotype do not originate from differential gonadal maturation according to egg T treatment. Rather, prenatal androgens may have priming effects on functioning of target tissues, translating into differential phenotypic effects according to androgen exposure during embryonic development.
Recurrent airway obstruction: A review
Authors: Pirie R. S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryRecurrent airway obstruction is a widely recognised airway disorder, characterised by hypersensitivity‐mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation and lower airway obstruction in a subpopulation of horses when exposed to suboptimal environments high in airborne organic dust. Over the past decade, numerous studies have further advanced our understanding of different aspects of the disease. These include clarification of the important inhaled airborne agents responsible for disease induction, improving our understanding of the underlying genetic basis of disease susceptibility and unveiling the fundamental immunological mechanisms leading to establishment of the classic disease phenotype. This review, as well as giving a clinical overview of recurrent airway obstruction, summarises much of the work in these areas that have culminated in a more thorough understanding of this debilitating disease.
Irukandji jellyfish polyps exhibit tolerance to interacting climate change stressors
Authors: Klein Shannon G. , Pitt Kylie A. , Rathjen Kristen A. , Seymour Jamie E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIncreasing ocean temperatures and strengthening boundary currents have caused the poleward migration of many marine species. Cubozoan jellyfish known to cause Irukandji syndrome have historically been confined to tropical waters but may be expanding into subtropical regions. Here, we examine the interactive effects of warming and acidification on the population dynamics of polyps of an Irukandji jellyfish, Alatina nr mordens, and the formation of statoliths in newly metamorphosed medusae, to determine if this jellyfish could tolerate future conditions predicted for southeast Queensland (SEQ), Australia. Two experiments, examining the orthogonal factors of temperature and pH, were undertaken. Experiment 1 mimicked the current, ca. 2050 and ca. 2100 summer temperature and pH conditions predicted for SEQ using A1F1 scenarios (temperature: 25, 27, 29 °C; pH: 7.9, 7.8, 7.6) and Experiment 2 mimicked current and future winter conditions (18 and 22 °C, pH 7.9, 7.8, 7.6). All polyps in Experiment 1 survived and budded. Fewer polyps budded in the lower pH treatments; however, patterns varied slightly among temperature treatments. Statoliths at pH 7.6 were 24% narrower than those at pH 7.8 and 7.9. Most polyps survived the winter conditions mimicked by Experiment 2 but only polyps in the 22 °C, pH 7.9 treatment increased significantly. The current absence of A. nr mordens medusae in SEQ, despite the polyps' ability to tolerate the current temperature and pH conditions, suggests that ecological, rather than abiotic factors currently limit their distribution. Observations that budding was lower under low pH treatments suggest that rates of asexual reproduction will likely be much slower in the future. We consider that A. nr mordens polyps are likely to tolerate future conditions but are unlikely to thrive in the long term. However, if polyps can overcome potential ecological boundaries and acidification proceeds slowly A. nr mordens could expand polewards in the short term.
From silk to satellite: half a century of ocean colour anomalies in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Raitsos Dionysios E. , Pradhan Yaswant , Lavender Samantha J. , Hoteit Ibrahim , McQuatters‐Gollop Abigail , Reid Phillip C. , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractChanges in phytoplankton dynamics influence marine biogeochemical cycles, climate processes, and food webs, with substantial social and economic consequences. Large‐scale estimation of phytoplankton biomass was possible via ocean colour measurements from two remote sensing satellites – the Coastal Zone Colour Scanner (CZCS, 1979–1986) and the Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor (SeaWiFS, 1998–2010). Due to the large gap between the two satellite eras and differences in sensor characteristics, comparison of the absolute values retrieved from the two instruments remains challenging. Using a unique in situ ocean colour dataset that spans more than half a century, the two satellite‐derived chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) eras are linked to assess concurrent changes in phytoplankton variability and bloom timing over the Northeast Atlantic Ocean and North Sea. Results from this unique re‐analysis reflect a clear increasing pattern of Chl‐a, a merging of the two seasonal phytoplankton blooms producing a longer growing season and higher seasonal biomass, since the mid‐1980s. The broader climate plays a key role in Chl‐a variability as the ocean colour anomalies parallel the oscillations of the Northern Hemisphere Temperature (NHT) since 1948.
The permanent catheter
Authors: Tan Ek Khoon , Tan Seck Guan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn elderly woman receiving hemodialysis via a right brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula presented to the clinic for elective removal of a tunneled hemodialysis catheter inserted 5 years ago. The catheter had not been removed earlier at the patient's request. Removal was now unsuccessful in the clinic. Exploration in the operating room revealed the innominate vein had fibrosed around the length of the catheter. The procedure was abandoned, catheter cut short and the remnant left in situ. This case serves as a reminder to exercise caution if there is difficulty in removing the catheter even after the cuff is dissected free, and to remove them once a working fistula or graft is available. Failing which, the patient bears an unnecessary risk of line infection, or as in this case, the catheter may unintentionally end up what its common misnomer “perm‐cath” alludes to – becoming truly “permanent.”
Development of bullous pemphigoid after change of dialysis membrane
Authors: Sodemoto Kinuyo , Yamahana Junya , Echigo Takeshi , Nishijima Chihiro , Shimada Yuka , Inaoki Makoto 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA 75‐year‐old Japanese man presented with pruritic blisters and macules on his trunk and extremities. He had been on hemodialysis for 4 years because of chronic renal failure, and in recent months, a polymethylmethacrylate membrane had been used for dialysis. After a change in dialysis membrane to a cellulose triacetate membrane, pruritic tense blisters developed on the extremities in combination with marked blood eosinophilia. Physical examination showed erythematous macules and tense blisters on the trunk and extremities. A biopsy specimen of an erythematous macule showed subepidermal vesicles and eosinophils that attached to the dermal–epidermal junction. Serum level of eosinophilic cationic protein was elevated. From clinical, histological, and immunological findings, a diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid was made. New blisters continued to erupt during the period in which the patient used the cellulose triacetate membrane dialyzer, and even after the use of clobetasol propionate. It resolved only after the patient came back to the use of a synthetic membrane dialyzer. We discontinued the use of clobetasol propionate, and neither bullous eruptions nor blood eosinophilia recurred. These observations suggest that cellulose membrane may be involved in the development of bullous pemphigoid through activation of eosinophils in the blood and the skin lesion, as in the present case.
Factors predicting failure of AV “fistula first” policy in the elderly
Authors: Hod Tammy , DeSilva Ranil N. , Patibandla Bhanu K. , Vin Yael , Brown Robert S. , Goldfarb‐Rumyantzev Alexander S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferential hemodialysis (HD) access. The goal of this study was to identify factors associated with pre‐dialysis AVF failure in an elderly HD population. We used United States Renal Data System + Medicare claims data to identify patients ≥67 years old who had an AVF as their initial vascular access placed pre‐dialysis. Failure of the AVF to be used for initial HD, was used as the outcome. Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with AVF failure. The study cohort consisted of 20,360 subjects (76.2 ± 6.02 year old, 58.5% men). Forty‐eight percent of patients initiated dialysis using an AVF, while 52% used a catheter or an AVG. The following variables found to be associated with AVF failure when an AVF was created at least 4 months pre‐HD initiation: older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.02), female gender (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.55–1.83), black race (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.26–1.58), history of diabetes (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.06–1.39), cardiac failure (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15–1.37), and shorter duration of pre–end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) nephrology care (OR for a nephrology care of less than 6 months prior to ESRD of 1.22 compared with a pre‐ESRD nephrology follow up of more than 12 months; 95% CI 1.07–1.38). OR for AVF failure for the entire cohort showed similar findings. In an elderly HD population, there is an association of older age, female gender, black race, diabetes, cardiac failure and shorter pre‐ESRD nephrology care with predialysis AVF failure.
Pre‐ and postoperative nutritional assessment and health‐related quality of life in recipients of living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Urano Eri , Yamanaka‐Okumura Hisami , Teramoto Arisa , Sugihara Kohei , Morine Yuji , Imura Satoru , Utsunomiya Tohru , Shimada Mitsuo , Takeda Eiji 
Published: October 2013

AimThe nutritional state of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients is one of the most important factors affecting postoperative outcome. Although the assessment of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is of increasing importance, few studies have examined this in conjunction with LDLT recipient nutritional state.MethodsTen LDLT recipients with end‐stage liver disease were recruited for this study. Measurements of energy expenditure, anthropometrics and laboratory data were performed before and 1, 6 and 12–24 months after LDLT. HRQOL was measured by using the 36‐item Short‐Form (SF‐36) before and 1, 3, 6 and 12–24 months after LDLT.ResultsThe preoperative value of non‐protein respiratory quotient (npRQ) was 0.796 ± 0.026 and it increased significantly after the operation. Serum non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were high in the preoperative state, but had significantly decreased 1 month after the operation. A negative correlation between npRQ and NEFA was observed throughout the study period. Cholinesterase and albumin levels improved to normal levels within 6 and 12–24 months, respectively. The recovery of the physical component summary of the SF‐36 was observed after the improvement of all domains of laboratory data and energy metabolism based on the nutritional state.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the recovery of metabolic function, laboratory data and HRQOL in LDLT recipients are variable, and it took more than 6 months to normalize the liver protein synthetic capacity and physical HRQOL score periods. Therefore, long‐term nutritional support is required in LDLT recipients.
Diagnostic utility of molecular and cytogenetic analysis in lipoblastoma: a study of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Choi Jungah , Bouron Dal Soglio Dorothée , Fortier Amanda , Fetni Raouf , Mathonnet Géraldine , Cournoyer Sonia , Lallier Michel , Isler Marc , Beaulieu Bergeron Mélanie , Patey Natalie 
Published: October 2013

AimsLipoblastoma is a benign neoplasm of embryonic white fat tissue that results from the proliferation of primitive adipocytes, in which histological features can be ambiguous. In order to discriminate between lipoblastoma and other lipogenic and lipomatous tumours, we studied chromosomal alterations and protein expression in two cases of lipoblastoma in infants.Methods and resultsStandard cytogenetic analysis, fluorescencein‐situhybridization, array comparative genomic hybridization and Western blotting allowed us to demonstrate the presence of chromosome abnormalities involving the 8q11–13 region containing the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1), which are classically reported in lipoblastoma, and aberrant expression ofPLAG1.ConclusionsThis report illustrates two different tumorigenic pathways implicatingPLAG1in lipoblastoma: amplification through multiple copies of a small marker chromosome derived from chromosome 8, and a paracentric inversion of the long arm of chromosome 8. Both these anomalies induced aberrant expression ofPLAG1, emphasizing the role ofPLAG1in tumorigenesis. The aberrant expression ofPLAG1 protein has been hypothesized, but this is the first report to demonstrate its occurrence in lipoblastoma.
Reducing Recurrent Stroke: Methodology of the Motivational Interviewing in Stroke (MIST) Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Krishnamurthi Rita , Witt Emma , Barker-Collo Suzanne , McPherson Kathryn , Davis-Martin Kelly , Bennett Derrick , Rush Elaine , Suh Flora , Starkey Nicola , Parag Varsha , Rathnasabapathy Yogini , Jones Amy , Brown Paul , Ao Braden Te , Feigin Valery L. 
Published: October 2013

Rationale Recurrent stroke is prevalent in both developed and developing countries, contributing significantly to disability and death. Recurrent stroke rates can be reduced by adequate risk factor management. However, adherence to prescribed medications and lifestyle changes recommended by physicians at discharge after stroke is poor, leading to a large number of preventable recurrent strokes. Using behavior change methods such as Motivational Interviewing early after stroke occurrence has the potential to prevent recurrent stroke. Aims and/or hypothesis The overall aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in improving adherence to medication and lifestyle changes recommended by treating physicians at and after hospital discharge in stroke patients 12 months poststroke to reduce risk factors for recurrent stroke. Design Recruitment of 430 first-ever stroke participants will occur in the Auckland and Waikato regions. Randomization will be to intervention or usual care groups. Participants randomized to intervention will receive four motivational interviews and five follow-up assessments over 12 months. Nonintervention participants will be assessed at the same time points. Study outcomes Primary outcome measures are changes in systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein levels 12 months poststroke. Secondary outcomes include self-reported adherence and barriers to prescribed medications, new cardiovascular events (including stroke), changes in quality of life, and mood. Discussion The results of the motivational interviewing in stroke trial will add to our understanding of whether motivational interviewing may be potentially beneficial in the management of stroke and other diseases where similar lifestyle factors or medication adherence are relevant.
De novo characterization of the Dialeurodes citri transcriptome: mining genes involved in stress resistance and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) discovery
Authors: Chen E‐H. , Wei D‐D. , Shen G‐M. , Yuan G‐R. , Bai P‐P. , Wang J‐J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe citrus whitefly, Dialeurodes citri (Ashmead), is one of the three economically important whitefly species that infest citrus plants around the world; however, limited genetic research has been focused on D. citri, partly because of lack of genomic resources. In this study, we performed de novo assembly of a transcriptome using Illumina paired‐end sequencing technology (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). In total, 36 766 unigenes with a mean length of 497 bp were identified. Of these unigenes, we identified 17 788 matched known proteins in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, as determined by Blast search, with 5731, 4850 and 14 441 unigenes assigned to clusters of orthologous groups (COG), gene ontology (GO), and SwissProt, respectively. In total, 7507 unigenes were assigned to 308 known pathways. In‐depth analysis of the data showed that 117 unigenes were identified as potentially involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics and 67 heat shock protein (Hsp) genes were associated with environmental stress. In addition, these enzymes were searched against the GO and COG database, and the results showed that the three major detoxification enzymes and Hsps were classified into 18 and 3, 6, and 8 annotations, respectively. In addition, 149 simple sequence repeats were detected. The results facilitate the investigation of molecular resistance mechanisms to insecticides and environmental stress, and contribute to molecular marker development. The findings greatly improve our genetic understanding of D. citri, and lay the foundation for future functional genomics studies on this species.
CD4+ NKG2D+T cells induce NKG2D down‐regulation in natural killer cells in CD86‐RAE‐1ε transgenic mice
Authors: Lin Zhijie , Wang Changrong , Xia Haizui , Liu Weiguang , Xiao Weiming , Qian Li , Jia Xiaoqin , Ding Yanbing , Ji Mingchun , Gong Weijuan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe binding of NKG2D to its ligands strengthens the cross‐talk between natural killer (NK) cells and dendritic cells, particularly at early stages, before the initiation of the adaptive immune response. We found that retinoic acid early transcript‐1ε (RAE‐1ε), one of the ligands of NKG2D, was persistently expressed on antigen‐presenting cells in a transgenic mouse model (pCD86‐RAE‐1ε). By contrast, NKG2D expression on NK cells, NKG2D‐dependent cytotoxicity and tumour rejection, and dextran sodium sulphate‐induced colitis were all down‐regulated in this mouse model. The down‐regulation of NKG2D on NK cells was reversed by stimulation with poly (I:C). The ectopic expression of RAE‐1ε on dendritic cells maintained NKG2D expression levels and stimulated the activity of NK cells ex vivo, but the higher frequency of CD4+ NKG2D+ T cells in transgenic mice led to the down‐regulation of NKG2D on NK cells in vivo. Hence, high levels of RAE‐1ε expression on antigen‐presenting cells would be expected to induce the down‐regulation of NK cell activation by a regulatory T‐cell subset.
An extended Akers graphical method with a biased random‐key genetic algorithm for job‐shop scheduling
Authors: Gonçalves José Fernando , Resende Mauricio G. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a local search, based on a new neighborhood for the job‐shop scheduling problem, and its application within a biased random‐key genetic algorithm. Schedules are constructed by decoding the chromosome supplied by the genetic algorithm with a procedure that generates active schedules. After an initial schedule is obtained, a local search heuristic, based on an extension of the graphical method of Akers, is applied to improve the solution. The new heuristic is tested on a set of 205 standard instances taken from the job‐shop scheduling literature and compared with results obtained by other approaches. The new algorithm improved the best‐known solution values for 57 instances.