bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting the Needs of English Learners
Authors: Roy‐Campbell Zaline 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe authors discuss educational issues that trail English Language Learners (ELLs) by looking at the experiences of Mumina, a student who entered a U. S. classroom seven years ago after spending time in a refugee camp in Kenya. ELLs ‐ especially at the high school level ‐ are a challenging group for educators because they have a relatively short period of time to develop English proficiency and literacy skills, while simultaneously learning content. ELLs are diverse groups of students that cover a wide spectrum of language, literacy, and educational needs. The authors state that rich classroom learning experiences are necessary. At the policy level, they indicate that in order to meet the needs of ELLs, a greater investment in teacher reparation programs and professional development demands top priority.
Cultivating Digital and Popular Literacies as Empowering and Emancipatory Acts Among Urban Youth
Authors: Haddix Marcelle , Sealey‐Ruiz Yolanda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, the authors discuss the potential for emancipatory pedagogies, which include practices like the use of digital tools and popular culture, to undo deficit constructions of Black and Latino males and their literacy practices. They discuss why such practices are not more readily available and visible in traditional urban school settings but how their use of digital tools and popular culture with urban Black and Latino males happens in “alternative” settings and outside official school contexts. The authors challenge the criminalization and policing of digital and popular literacies among Black and Latino males in urban school settings and reflect on the ways that they have witnessed emancipation and empowerment when these male students were not only allowed but “free” to engage in such practices.
Adolescents’ Motivation in the Context of an Academic Vocabulary Intervention in Urban Middle School Classrooms
Authors: Lesaux Nonie K. , Harris Julie Russ , Sloane Phoebe 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn a large urban district's ELA classrooms, an academic vocabulary intervention designed to improve linguistically diverse 6th‐graders’ reading and language skills was implemented and evaluated. These classrooms were characterized by high numbers of struggling readers, and linguistic diversity was the norm. As part of the evaluation, this study focuses on students’ perspectives of the intervention, with the goal of shedding light on how it might have influenced their efforts toward academic success. We conducted 20 focus groups following students’ participation in the program, gaining insights that bear on the dual challenge of creating a motivating and rigorous learning environment. Students linked the experience with increased academic confidence, and, in turn, academic motivation. They believed it was the challenging learning opportunities embedded in an instructional cycle that promoted deep knowledge building that helped them to be, and feel, academically successful.
Recent advances in the development of Raman spectroscopy for deep non‐invasive medical diagnosis
Authors: Matousek Pavel , Stone Nicholas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has recently undergone major advances in the area of deep non‐invasive characterisation of biological tissues. The progress stems from the development of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) and renaissance of transmission Raman spectroscopy permitting the assessment of diffusely scattering samples at depths several orders of magnitude deeper than possible with conventional Raman spectroscopy. Examples of emerging applications include non‐invasive diagnosis of bone disease, cancer and monitoring of glucose levels. This article reviews this fast moving field focusing on recent developments within the medical area. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
UVC‐Induced Mitochondrial Degradation via Autophagy Correlates with mtDNA Damage Removal in Primary Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Bess Amanda S. , Ryde Ian T. , Hinton David E. , Meyer Joel N. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more susceptible than nuclear DNA to helix‐distorting damage via exposure to environmental genotoxins, partially due to a lack of nucleotide excision repair. Thus, this damage is irreparable and persistent in mtDNA in the short term. We recently found that helix‐distorting mtDNA damage induced by ultraviolet C radiation (UVC) is gradually removed in Caenorhabditis elegans and that removal is dependent upon autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics. We here report the effects of UVC exposure on mitophagy, mitochondrial morphology, and indicators of mitochondrial function in mammalian cells. Exposure to UVC induced autophagy within 24 h; nonetheless, significant mitochondrial degradation was not observed until 72 h post exposure. Mitochondrial mass, morphology, and function were not significantly altered. These data further support the idea that persistent mtDNA damage is removed by autophagy and also suggest a powerful compensatory capacity for dealing with mtDNA damage. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:28‐41, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21440
Modulation of Acid Phosphatase and Lactic Dehydrogenase in Hexachlorocyclohexane‐Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis in Mice
Authors: Bhatt Devendra Kumar , Nagda Girima 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe present study was designed to elucidate the involvement of acid phosphatase (ACP) in metastasis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as an immediate compensatory alleviation mechanism for energy stress in liver lesions induced by hexachlorocyclohexane in Swiss mice. Animals were continuously exposed to hexachlorocyclohexane (500 ppm) for 2, 4, and 6 months. Neoplastic nodules and tumors developed after continuous exposure for 4 and 6 months, respectively. The distribution pattern of both enzymes markedly varied in neoplastic nodules and tumors. Intense ACP activity was more observed only in sinusoids and blood vessels of neoplastic nodule, whereas an overall increase in ACP activity was observed in the tumor. Noticeably, a significant decline in LDH activity was noted after 2 and 4 months of exposure, whereas LDH in a tumor region showed intense enzymatic activity. The role of acid phosphate in metastasis and LDH in oxidative stress during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by hexachlorocyclohexane has been discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:439‐444, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21441
Al2O3 Nanoparticles Induce Mitochondria‐Mediated Cell Death and Upregulate the Expression of Signaling Genes in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Alshatwi Ali A. , Vaiyapuri Subbarayan Periasamy , Ramesh E. , Al‐Hazzani Amal A. , Alsaif Mohammed A. , Alwarthan Abdulrahman A. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAn increase in the broad usage of Al2O3 nanoparticles (ANPs) in the food and agricultural sectors may produce rare hazards for human health. The objective of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of ANPs in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro. Cell viability, cellular uptake, morphology, and gene expression using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were analyzed. The results indicate that ANPs have a significant and dose‐dependent effect on cytotoxicity. Control cells showed a characteristic, homogeneous nuclear staining pattern, whereas ANP‐exposed cells showed abnormal nuclear morphological changes such as condensation or fragmentation. An early characteristic of apoptosis was observed in ANP‐treated cells. Further confirmation of cell death in hMSCs was observed through increased expression of chosen signaling genes and also decreased expression of Bcl‐2 during mitochondria‐mediated cell death. Although they provide great advantages in food and agricultural products, the chronic and acute toxicity of ANPs still needs to be assessed carefully. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:469‐476, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21448
Dietary Antioxidant, Quercetin, Protects Sertoli‐Germ Cell Coculture from Atrazine‐Induced Oxidative Damage
Authors: Abarikwu Sunny O. , Pant Aditya B. , Farombi Ebenezer O. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTQuercetin (QT), a dietary‐derived flavonoid, is ubiquitous in fruits and vegetables and plays an important role in human health by virtue of its antioxidant function. The present study was designed to examine the effects of QT on oxidative damage that was induced by the herbicide, atrazine (ATZ), in mixed cultures of Sertoli‐germ cells. Results showed that treatment with QT increased cell viability and decreased catalase activity, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. QT treatment also increased the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione‐S‐transferase, and superoxide dismutase‐1 and could not reversed to the control levels ATZ‐induced steady‐state mRNA levels of these antioxidant genes as well as the level of glutathione and activities of GSH‐Px and GR. QT has protective effect against ATZ‐induced oxidative stress through a reduction in ROS levels and lipid peroxidation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:477‐485, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10:1002/jbt.21449
Geomorphic and chronometric evidence for high lake level history in Gahai Lake and Toson Lake of north‐eastern Qaidam Basin, north‐eastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fan Qishun , Ma Haizhou , Cao Guangchao , Chen Zongyan , Cao Shengkui 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPalaeoshorelines, highstand lacustrine sediments and lakeshore terraces are preserved around saline lakes in the arid Qaidam Basin. Previous research indicates that the chronology of a mega‐paleolake in the Qaidam Basin during the late Pleisotocene is controversial. Here we report quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age estimates of highstand lacustrine sediments, shoreline features and geomorphic exposures that contribute to a revision of the lake level history of Gahai and Toson lakes in the north‐eastern Qaidam Basin, on the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) margin. The results imply that: (i) high lake levels at Gahai and Toson lakes based on quartz OSL dating occurred at 85–72, 63–55, 31, 5.4 and 0.9–0.7 ka, probably corresponding to periods of warm and wet climate; (ii) periods of high lake levels are almost synchronous with other lakes on the QTP (e.g. Qinghai and Namco lakes), with the highest late Pleistocene levels occurring during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 5; and (iii) highstand phases on the QTP are out of phase with those of low‐latitude lakes in the southern hemisphere, possibly driven by solar insolation variability in the low‐latitude region. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Class of Injection Moulded Structural Biocomposites from PHBV Bioplastic and Carbon Fibre
Authors: Reddy Jeevan Prasad , Ahankari Sandeep , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBiocomposites from carbon fibre (CF) and poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) bioplastic were fabricated by extrusion followed by injection moulding. The effects of fibre length and fibre loading on the performance of PHBV/CF composites were investigated. The amount of CF (for both 150 µm and 6 mm length) was varied from 10 to 40 wt.‐%. The significant improvement in tensile strength (65%) and flexural strength (96%) was observed at 30 wt.‐% CF (6 mm length) loading. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the PHBV/CF composites increased by 32% compared to neat PHBV. The fibre–matrix interaction was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile modulus of the composites was evaluated theoretically by the rule of mixture and the Hirsch model. magnified image
Degradable Polyurethane/Soy Protein Shape‐Memory Polymer Blends Prepared Via Environmentally‐Friendly Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Madbouly Samy A. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDegradable polyurethane/soybean protein (PU/SP) shape‐memory polymer blends are synthesized using an environmentally‐friendly aqueous dispersion technique. The effects of SP concentration on the blend miscibility, thermal properties, hydrolytic degradation, and shape‐memory behavior are investigated. The shape recovery rates are found to depend on SP concentration. A porous structure can be generated using scCO2 foaming. This degradable blend may be an interesting multifunctional candidate material for potential biomedical applications. magnified image
The splicing factor SRSF6 is amplified and is an oncoprotein in lung and colon cancers
Authors: Cohen‐Eliav Michal , Golan‐Gerstl Regina , Siegfried Zahava , Andersen Claus L , Thorsen Kasper , Ørntoft Torben F , Mu David , Karni Rotem 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn increasing body of evidence connects alterations in the process of alternative splicing with cancer development and progression. However, a direct role of splicing factors as drivers of cancer development is mostly unknown. We analysed the gene copy number of several splicing factors in colon and lung tumours, and found that the gene encoding for the splicing factor SRSF6 is amplified and over‐expressed in these cancers. Moreover, over‐expression of SRSF6 in immortal lung epithelial cells enhanced proliferation, protected them from chemotherapy‐induced cell death and converted them to be tumourigenic in mice. In contrast, knock‐down of SRSF6 in lung and colon cancer cell lines inhibited their tumourigenic abilities. SRSF6 up‐ or down‐regulation altered the splicing of several tumour suppressors and oncogenes to generate the oncogenic isoforms and reduce the tumour‐suppressive isoforms. Our data suggest that the splicing factor SRSF6 is an oncoprotein that regulates the proliferation and survival of lung and colon cancer cells.
Cancer‐associated somatic DICER1 hotspot mutations cause defective miRNA processing and reverse‐strand expression bias to predominantly mature 3p strands through loss of 5p strand cleavage
Authors: Anglesio MS , Wang Y , Yang W , Senz J , Wan A , Heravi‐Moussavi A , Salamanca C , Maines‐Bandiera S , Huntsman DG , Morin GB 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOur group recently described recurrent somatic mutations of the miRNA processing gene DICER1 in non‐epithelial ovarian cancer. Mutations appeared to be clustered around each of four critical metal‐binding residues in the RNase IIIB domain of DICER1. This domain is responsible for cleavage of the 3′ end of the 5p miRNA strand of a pre‐mRNA hairpin. To investigate the effects of these cancer‐associated 'hotspot' mutations, we engineered mouse DICER1‐deficient ES cells to express wild‐type and an allelic series of the mutant DICER1 variants. Global miRNA and mRNA profiles from cells carrying the metal‐binding site mutations were compared to each other and to wild‐type DICER1. The miRNA and mRNA profiles generated through the expression of the hotspot mutations were virtually identical, and the DICER1 hotspot mutation‐carrying cells were distinct from both wild‐type and DICER1‐deficient cells. Further, miRNA profiles showed that mutant DICER1 results in a dramatic loss in processing of mature 5p miRNA strands but were still able to create 3p strand miRNAs. Messenger RNA (mRNA) profile changes were consistent with the loss of 5p strand miRNAs and showed enriched expression for predicted targets of the lost 5p‐derived miRNAs. We therefore conclude that cancer‐associated somatic hotspot mutations of DICER1, affecting any one of four metal‐binding residues in the RNase IIIB domain, are functionally equivalent with respect to miRNA processing and are hypomorphic alleles, yielding a global loss in processing of mature 5p strand miRNA. We further propose that this resulting 3p strand bias in mature miRNA expression likely underpins the oncogenic potential of these hotspot mutations. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From chaos to split‐ups – SHG microscopy reveals a specific remodelling mechanism in ageing dystrophic muscle
Authors: Buttgereit Andreas , Weber Cornelia , Garbe Christoph S , Friedrich Oliver 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a common inherited muscle disease showing chronic inflammation and progressive muscle weakness. Absent dystrophin renders sarcolemma more Ca2+‐permeable, disturbs signalling and triggers inflammation. Sustained degeneration/regeneration cycles render muscle cytoarchitecture susceptible to remodelling. Quantitative morphometry was introduced in living cells using second‐harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of myosin. As the time course of cellular remodelling is not known, we used SHG microscopy in mdx muscle fibres over a wide age range for three‐dimensional (3D) rendering and detection of verniers and cosine angle sums (CASs). Wild‐type (wt) and transgenic mini‐dystrophin mice (MinD) were also studied. Vernier densities (VDs) declined in wt and MinD fibres until adulthood, while in mdx fibres, VDs remained significantly elevated during the life span. CAS values were close to unity in adult wt and MinD fibres, in agreement with tight regular myofibril orientation, while always smaller in mdx fibres. Using SHG 3D morphometry, we identified two types of altered ultrastructure: branched fibres and a novel, previously undetected ‘chaotic’ fibre type, both of which can be classified by distinct CAS and VD combinations. We present a novel model of tissue remodelling in dystrophic progression with age that involves the transition from normal to chaotic to branched fibres. Our model predicts a ∼50% contribution of altered cytoarchitecture to progressive force loss with age. We also provide an improved automated image algorithm that is suitable for future ageing studies in human myopathies. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Targeting FLIP and Mcl‐1 using a combination of aspirin and sorafenib sensitizes colon cancer cells to TRAIL
Authors: Pennarun Bodvael , Kleibeuker Jan H , van Ek Wytske Boersma‐ , Kruyt Frank AE , Hollema Harry , de Vries Elisabeth GE , de Jong Steven 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is highly effective against certain types of cancer in the clinic and prevents colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), have shown activity against colon cancer cells. The aims of this study were to determine whether the combination of aspirin with sorafenib has enhanced anti‐proliferative effects and increases recombinant human tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (rhTRAIL)‐induced apoptosis in the human SW948, Lovo, Colo205, Colo320, Caco‐2 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. In four cell lines, aspirin strongly stimulated the anti‐proliferative effects of sorafenib (∼four‐fold enhancement) by inducing cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, combining low doses of aspirin (≤ 5 mm) and sorafenib (≤ 2.5 µm) greatly sensitized TRAIL‐sensitive and TRAIL‐resistant colon cancer cells to rhTRAIL, much more potently than either drug combined with rhTRAIL. The increase in rhTRAIL sensitivity was due to inhibition of FLIP and Mcl‐1 protein expression following aspirin and sorafenib co‐treatment, as confirmed by knock‐down studies. Next, the clinical relevance of targeting FLIP and Mcl‐1 in colon cancer was examined. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that Mcl‐1 expression was significantly increased in colon adenoma and carcinoma patient material compared to healthy colonic epithelium, similar to the enhanced FLIP expression we recently observed in colon cancer. These results underscore the potential of combining low doses of aspirin with sorafenib to inhibit proliferation and target the anti‐apoptotic proteins FLIP and Mcl‐1 in colon cancer cells. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of magnetic star‐shaped amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles of S‐Fe3O4‐PLA‐b‐MPEG
Authors: Chen Xiaoqian , Lu Ronghui , Meng Duo , Rong Yao , Yao Bolong , Ni Caihua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMagnetic star‐shaped amphiphilic copolymers (S‐Fe3O4‐PLA‐b‐MPEG) consisting of Fe3O4 as the core, poly(L,D‐lactide) (PLA) as the inner layer, and monomethyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) as the out shell were synthesized. The syntheses included ring‐opening polymerization of L,D‐lactide initiated by hydroxyl modified Fe3O4 (Fe3O4‐(OH)
n), followed by the esterification of the PLA with MPEG. The structure of the star block copolymers were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle size analyzer, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The nanoparticles in aqueous solution were made from the amphiphilic star copolymer. The average size of the nanoparticles was adjustable and increased with the increase of the PLA segments in the copolymer. The cytotoxicity grade of the nanoparticles was zero determined by the analysis of cytotoxicity. The nanoparticles could potentially be used as the drug vehicles for magnetic‐response controlled release. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Glass fiber breakup in corotating twin screw extruder: Simulation and experiment
Authors: Bumm Sug Hun , White James L. , Isayev Avraam I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe damage of glass fibers at various conditions was investigated in a corotating twin screw extruder by varying viscosity, screw speed, and screw configuration. Increasing the screw speed and melt matrix viscosity were found to increase the extent of fiber breakage. Based on the experimental data and Euler buckling theory, a composite modular kinetic model to describe glass fiber breakage was developed. Regions of the major and minor fiber breakage in a corotating twin screw extruder were found. The simulation program based on the experimental data and kinetic constants was developed for fiber breakage along the screw length. Comparisons were made between simulated results and experimental data indicating a reasonable quantitative agreement between them. Predictions of the model are also in general qualitative agreement with many published data on fiber breakage in twin screw extruders. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers