bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE -HARMONIC BOUNDARY AND -MASSIVE SUBSETS OF A GRAPH OF BOUNDED DEGREE
Authors: PULS MICHAEL J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLet $p$ be a real number greater than one and let $\Gamma $ be a graph of bounded degree. We investigate links between the $p$-harmonic boundary of $\Gamma $ and the ${D}_{p} $-massive subsets of $\Gamma $. In particular, if there are $n$ pairwise disjoint ${D}_{p} $-massive subsets of $\Gamma $, then the $p$-harmonic boundary of $\Gamma $ consists of at least $n$ elements. We show that the converse of this statement is also true.
Life-cycle assessment of the intensity of production on the greenhouse gas emissions and economics of grass-based suckler beef production systems
Authors: CLARKE A. M. , BRENNAN P. , CROSSON P. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn Ireland, the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is agriculture. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of stocking intensities of beef cattle production systems on technical and economic performance and GHG emissions. A bioeconomic model of Irish suckler beef production systems was used to generate scenarios and to evaluate their technical and economic performance. To model the impact of each scenario on GHG emissions, the output of the bioeconomic model was used as an inventory analysis in a life-cycle assessment model and various GHG emission factors were integrated with the production profile. All the estimated GHG emissions were converted to their 100-year global warming potential carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e). The scenarios modelled were bull/heifer and steer/heifer suckler beef production systems at varying stocking intensities. According to policy constraints, stocking intensities were based on the excretion of organic nitrogen (N), which varied depending on animal category. Stocking intensity was increased by increasing fertilizer N application rates. Carcass output and profitability increased with increasing stocking intensity. At a stocking intensity of 150 kg N/ha total emissions were lowest when expressed per kg of beef carcass (20·1 kg CO2e/kg beef) and per hectare (9·2 tCO2e/ha) in the bull/heifer system. Enteric fermentation was the greatest source of GHG emissions and ranged from 0·49 to 0·47 of total emissions with increasing stocking intensity for both production systems. The current study shows that increasing stocking intensity via increased fertilizer N application rates leads to increased profitability on beef farms with only modest increases in GHG emissions.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO MEDIA AND BODY WEIGHT CONCERN AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN FIVE ARAB COUNTRIES: A PRELIMINARY CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY
Authors: MUSAIGER ABDULRAHMAN O. , AL-MANNAI MARIAM 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMass media play an important role in changing body image. This study aimed to determine the role of media (magazines and television) in body weight concern among university females in five Arab countries. A total sample of 1134 female university students was selected at convenience from universities in five Arab countries: Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Oman and Syria. The females' ages ranged from 17 to 32. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the exposure to mass media regarding weight concerns. For the variables on exposure to mass media, girls were divided into two groups: infrequently exposed and frequently exposed. In general, the females who were exposed to mass media had a greater risk of having dieted to lose weight and changing their ideas of a perfect body shape than those who were not exposed or infrequently exposed. The association of exposure to magazines with having dieted to lose weight was only significant among females in Bahrain (p<0.044), Egypt (p<0.001) and Jordan (p<0.001). Exposure to television had a weaker association than exposure to magazines with body weight concerns of females. The association of exposure to television with females' idea of a perfect body shape was only statistically significant in females in Egypt (p<0.019) and Oman (p<0.019). The pressure from mass media on the body weight concern of female university students may lead these women to practise unhealthy weight control diets.
BROADER ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF DISEASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS USING MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION ANALYSIS
Authors: Tsiachristas Apostolos , Cramm Jane Murray , Nieboer Anna , Rutten- van Mölken Maureen 
Published: June 2013

Objectives:The aim of this paper is to develop a methodological framework to facilitate the application of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) for a comprehensive economic evaluation of disease management programs (DMPs).Methods:We studied previously developed frameworks for the evaluation of DMPs and different methods of MCDA and we used practical field experience in the economic evaluation of DMPs and personal discussions with stakeholders in chronic care.Results:The framework includes different objectives and criteria that are relevant for the evaluation of DMPs, indicators that can be used to measure how DMPs perform on these criteria, and distinguishes between the development and implementation phase of DMPs. The objectives of DMPs are categorised into a) changes in the process of care delivery, b) changes in patient lifestyle and self-management behaviour, c) changes in biomedical, physiological and clinical health outcomes, d) changes in health-related quality of life, and e) changes in final health outcomes. All relevant costs of DMPs are also included in the framework. Based on this framework we conducted a MCDA of a hypothetical DMP versus usual care.Conclusions:We call for a comprehensive economic evaluation of DMPs that is not just based on a single criterion but takes into account multiple relevant criteria simultaneously. The framework we presented here is a step towards standardising such an evaluation.
Synthesis A spaceborne inventory of volcanic activity in Antarctica and southern oceans, 2000–10
Authors: Patrick Matthew R. , Smellie John L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOf the more than twenty historically active volcanoes in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic region only two, to our knowledge, host any ground-based monitoring instruments. Moreover, because of their remoteness, most of the volcanoes are seldom visited, thus relegating the monitoring of volcanism in this region almost entirely to satellites. In this study, high temporal resolution satellite data from the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology's MODVOLC system using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) are complemented with high spatial resolution data (ASTER, or Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, and similar sensors) to document volcanic activity throughout the region during the period 2000–10. Five volcanoes were observed in eruption (Mount Erebus, Mount Belinda, Mount Michael, Heard Island and McDonald Island), which were predominantly low-level and effusive in nature. Mount Belinda produced tephra, building a cinder cone in addition to an extensive lava field. Five volcanoes exhibited detectable thermal, and presumed fumarolic, activity (Deception, Zavodovski, Candlemas, Bristol, and Bellingshausen islands). A minor eruption reported at Marion Island was not detected in our survey due to its small size. This study also discovered a new active vent on Mount Michael, tracked dramatic vent enlargement on Heard Island, and provides an improved picture of the morphology of some of the volcanoes.
Schwa and theloi de positionin Southern French
Authors: EYCHENNE JULIEN 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the alternation of mid-open and mid-close vowels in southern French, a pattern known as theloi de position, and its relation to schwa. I offer a critical survey of the main analyses that have been put forward in the literature, showing how different conceptions of schwa influence the interpretation of theloi de position. I demonstrate that even in varieties where the pattern is considered fully productive, there are a number of exceptional cases that lend themselves to a usage-based approach. I develop an analysis of the phenomenon in the framework of Cognitive Grammar: theloi de positionis formalized as the result of the interplay between substantive and symbolic constructions which emerge through usage.
Foetal congenital heart disease: obstetric management and time to first cardiac intervention in babies delivered at a tertiary centre
Authors: Jowett Victoria C. , Sankaran Srividhya , Rollings Sherrida L. , Hall Richard , Kyle Pippa M. , Sharland Gurleen K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine the timing of neonatal cardiac intervention in babies with antenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease and the impact on obstetric management. Methods: A retrospective review of all deliveries between January, 2008 and December, 2009 was conducted in a tertiary centre with foetal and paediatric cardiology, maternal–foetal medicine, and obstetric units. All live births with antenatally detected congenital heart disease were included. Data were collected from foetal, paediatric cardiology, and maternity databases and records. Induction, delivery mode, and timing of the first cardiac intervention in the neonate were studied. Results: 205 deliveries were included. Induction and elective Caesarean section rates were 51.2% (105/205) and 14.1% (29/205), respectively. The vaginal delivery rate was 56% (115/205). There was a non-significant trend towards a higher rate of vaginal delivery after spontaneous labour than after induction (75% versus 66%; p = 0.234). The rate of neonatal cardiac intervention during the initial stay was 59.5% (122/205); it was 18.5% (38/205) within 48 hours and 25.8% (53/205) within 72 hours. The median time to first intervention was 4 days (interquartile range 2–8). Babies with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (median 3, interquartile range 2–6), transposition of the great arteries (median 1, interquartile range 0–4.5), and arrhythmia (median 0.5, interquartile range 0–1) had a significantly earlier time to first intervention compared with those with other conditions (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Vaginal delivery can be achieved in women delivering babies with major congenital heart disease at a tertiary centre. Delivery in or near a tertiary centre is recommended for patients requiring early intervention, of which many can be identified in advance.
ASPECTS OF RECURRENCE AND TRANSIENCE FOR LÉVY PROCESSES IN TRANSFORMATION GROUPS AND NONCOMPACT RIEMANNIAN SYMMETRIC PAIRS
Authors: APPLEBAUM DAVID 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe study recurrence and transience for Lévy processes induced by topological transformation groups acting on complete Riemannian manifolds. In particular the transience–recurrence dichotomy in terms of potential measures is established and transience is shown to be equivalent to the potential measure having finite mass on compact sets when the group acts transitively. It is known that all bi-invariant Lévy processes acting in irreducible Riemannian symmetric pairs of noncompact type are transient. We show that we also have ‘harmonic transience’, that is, local integrability of the inverse of the real part of the characteristic exponent which is associated to the process by means of Gangolli’s Lévy–Khinchine formula.
Acute effects on the thyroid gland after non-directed radiation therapy in children and adolescents
Authors: Bonato C. C. , Dias H. B. , Alves M. da S. , Duarte L. O. , Dias T. M. , Dalenogare M. O. , Viegas C. C. B. , Elnecave R. H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundDuring radiation therapy, unwanted scatter to healthy tissues outside the target field may occur. Children and adolescents are more sensitive to radiation injury, and the thyroid gland is particularly susceptible to these effects.PurposeTo assess acute changes in thyroid function and volume in children and adolescents undergoing radiotherapy for a variety of non-thyroid cancers.Materials and MethodsThirty-one children and adolescents underwent radiation therapy of various body areas in which the thyroid was not included. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), triiodothyronine (T3), anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin were measured before, on the last day and at 1 and 3 months after the end of radiotherapy. Ultrasound scans were taken and 6- and 24-hour 131I uptake was measured before and after treatment. The scattered dose to the thyroid region was estimated with a treatment planning system or measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters.ResultsThe median radiation dose scattered to the thyroid was 296·6 cGy (IQR 16·7–1,709·0). Levels of TSH (p = 0·575), T4 (p = 0·950), fT4 (p = 0·510), T3 (p = 0·842), thyroglobulin (p = 0·620) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (p = 0·546) were statistically similar at all four time points. There were no differences between pre- and post-radiotherapy thyroid volume and 131I uptake (p = 0·692 and 0·92, respectively).ConclusionMore sensitive methods may be required to ascertain whether acute injury to the follicular epithelium occurs with lower radiation doses scattered to the thyroid.
Diversity of protists and bacteria determines predation performance and stability
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Fetzer Ingo , Harms Hauke , Chatzinotas Antonis 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Predation influences prey diversity and productivity while it effectuates the flux and reallocation of organic nutrients into biomass at higher trophic levels. However, it is unknown how bacterivorous protists are influenced by the diversity of their bacterial prey. Using 456 microcosms, in which different bacterial mixtures with equal initial cell numbers were exposed to single or multiple predators (Tetrahymena sp., Poterioochromonas sp. and Acanthamoeba sp.), we showed that increasing prey richness enhanced production of single predators. The extent of the response depended, however, on predator identity. Bacterial prey richness had a stabilizing effect on predator performance in that it reduced variability in predator production. Further, prey richness tended to enhance predator evenness in the predation experiment including all three protists predators (multiple predation experiment). However, we also observed a negative relationship between prey richness and predator production in multiple predation experiments. Mathematical analysis of potential ecological mechanisms of positive predator diversity—functioning relationships revealed predator complementarity as a factor responsible for both enhanced predator production and prey reduction. We suggest that the diversity at both trophic levels interactively determines protistan performance and might have implications in microbial ecosystem processes and services.
Multi‐FPGA digital hardware design for detailed large‐scale real‐time electromagnetic transient simulation of power systems
Authors: Chen Yuan , Dinavahi Venkata 
Published: June 2013

Large‐scale electromagnetic transient simulation of power systems in real‐time using detailed modelling is computationally very demanding. This study introduces a multi‐field programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware design for this purpose. A functional decomposition method is proposed to map FPGA hardware resources to system modelling. This systematic method lends itself to fully pipelined and parallel hardware emulation of individual component models and numerical solvers, while preserving original system characteristics without the need for extraneous components to partition the system. Proof‐of‐concept is provided in terms of a 3‐FPGA and 10‐FPGA real‐time hardware emulation of a three‐phase 42‐bus and 420‐bus power systems using detailed modelling of various system components and iterative non‐linear solution on a 100 MHz FPGA clock. Real‐time results are compared with offline simulation results, and conclusions are derived on the performance and scalability of this multi‐FPGA hardware design.
Synthesis and characterisation of polymethylmethacrylate/nanosilica and nanosilica/polymethylmethacrylate core–shell structure composite microspheres
Authors: Lin Tao , Zheng Yuying 
Published: June 2013

The nanosilica/polymethylmethacrylate (SiO2/PMMA) and polymethylmethacrylate/nanosilica (PMMA/SiO2) core–shell structure composite microspheres were fabricated by dispersion polymerisation under similar reaction conditions. These two kinds of microspheres are different to each other by their opposite core–shell structure. The composite mircospheres were characterised by infrared spectra, transmission electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The diameter of SiO2/PMMA particles is about 50 nm. The average diameters of PMMA/SiO2 particles are in the range of 60–70 nm as KH570 was added after methyl methacrylate polymerisation reaction for 2 h. The TGA curves show that the thermal stability of SiO2/PMMA is better than PMMA/SiO2.
Formation of thin tubular ZnO nanostructure through spontaneously formed porous Zn/ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Pei , Jie Yanni , Jin Guang Yin , Xu Xin Long , Ren Zhao Yu , Fan Hai Ming 
Published: June 2013

The diverse morphology of ZnO nanostructure demonstrates attractive applications and allows an insight into the interesting mechanism for synthesis of other nanomaterials. However, synthesis of an ultrathin ZnO nanotube is still challenging by conventional solution methods at low temperature. Here, inspired by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect on the nanoporous formation, sub‐50 nm nanotubular ZnO were synthesised by a facile low‐temperature hydrothermal treatment using Zn nanoparticles as precursor and seed. The present tiny nanotubes were recognised with the comparable size of spontaneously formed Zn/ZnO seed nanoparticles at an early stage, which hints at the clue to synthesise the tubular nanostructure in controllable dimensions. Moreover, the success of hierarchical tubular ZnO superstructures illustrates the possibility to achieve more complex and well‐ordered superstructures by self‐assembly of Zn/ZnO seeds.
Formation of hierarchical LiMn2O4 dual‐porous nanostructures by pyrolysis of gel precursor
Authors: Tong Yanhua , Li Yingying , Lv Wanyu , Zhao Zhenzhen , Zhang Min 
Published: June 2013

A precursor‐pyrolysing route to fabricate hierarchical LiMn2O4 porous nanostructures is presented. The product was characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, a transmission electron microscope, a high‐resolution transmission electron microscope and a micromeritics analyser. The results show that the resulting material is a honeycomb‐like dual‐porous structure. One is quasi‐hemispherical macropores of several hundred nanometres and the other is slit mesopores of several nanometres. This dual‐porous nanostructure is composed of many ultrafine nanocrystallines whose size mainly falls into the range from 3 to 10 nm. Moreover, it has a large Brunauer–Emmett‐Teller‐specific surface area of 116 m2/g. The formation of such dual pores should be attributed to the Kirkendall effect and surface diffusion.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Authors: Look Brandon C. 
Published: June 2013

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (b. 1646–d. 1716) was one of the greatest of the early modern “rationalist” philosophers. He is perhaps best known to students of philosophy as an advocate of the principle of sufficient reason, the preestablished harmony of mind and body, philosophical optimism, and the doctrine of monads. While many if not all of these ideas have fallen out of favor, it is nevertheless the case that Leibniz’s arguments are deep and important and worth taking very seriously. Leibniz was an eclectic philosopher; he sought to draw out views that he thought were close to the truth and combine them in new ways to arrive at the most plausible picture of the world. It is for this reason that, while he is sympathetic to parts of the “modern” philosophy of René Descartes (b. 1596–d. 1650), Thomas Hobbes (b. 1588–d. 1679), and Benedict (Baruch) de Spinoza (b. 1633–d. 1677), he offers criticisms of it at the same time through the language and ideas of ancient and medieval philosophy. He was not just a philosopher, however, but was also a mathematician, natural philosopher, engineer, historian, lawyer, and diplomat of the first rank. As this bibliography is intended principally for students of philosophy, his other work will largely be ignored, as well as scholarship on it.
Hildegard of Bingen
Authors: Meconi Honey 
Published: June 2013

Hildegard of Bingen (b. 1098–d. 1179), Benedictine nun and founder of a religious community, is highly unusual in being not merely a woman composer in the Middle Ages, but a named composer of a substantial body of plainchant (seventy-seven songs commonly known as the Symphonia armonie celestium revelationum [Symphony of the Harmony of Celestial Revelations] and a Latin sacred drama, Ordo Virtutum, survive) who normally wrote her own texts and whose music was transmitted in manuscripts likely compiled under her direct supervision. She is further noteworthy in that her compositional activity was merely one aspect of her self-proclaimed identity as a vessel through whom God spoke, better noted in her time for a trio of lengthy theological treatises recounting her visions; an extensive correspondence with both ecclesiastical and secular figures; and various other creations, including scientific writings, shorter theological works, and an invented language and alphabet. Her work is holistic, which means that understanding of her music requires knowledge of her nonmusical output as well. Interest in Hildegard’s prose writings has been sustained since her death, but little evidence survives for posthumous concern with music until the mid-19th century, with, until recently, the greatest activity coming from the nuns of her reconstituted abbey. Burgeoning activity in all areas of Hildegard research has led, since the 1980s, to a dramatic increase in performances and recordings of her compositions as well as more in-depth and critical musicological attention. Major ongoing issues include the challenges posed by the available editions; the question of whether her music was created for liturgical use, and if so in what way; the interconnections among the different notated versions of her music and its text-only sources, including questions of precedence and intent; understanding of the music’s modal structure; determination of the individuality of her style within the context of contemporary chant and reliance on earlier models; and the perennial problem of chant performance.
Chimú Art and Architecture
Authors: Pillsbury Joanne 
Published: June 2013

The Chimú culture flourished on what is now the north coast of Peru from around 1000 ce to c. 1470, when the polity was conquered by the Inca. The Chimú state, sometimes referred to in the historical sources as Chimor, dominated a length of approximately one thousand kilometers of the coast, from nearly what is now the border between Peru and Ecuador to just north of the modern capital of Lima. The Chimú were the most powerful entity in the period known as the Late Intermediate period but drew upon cultural traditions developed in the same region in earlier periods, particularly the Moche and the Lambayeque (also known as Sicán). Indeed, the capital of the Chimú state, Chan Chan, was constructed just a few kilometers away from the earlier Moche center of Huaca de la Luna and Huaca del Sol, in what is now the outskirts of the modern city of Trujillo. There is a fair amount of published archaeological research on the Chimú, although in recent years, in the wake of the spectacular finds at the Moche site of Sipán, Chimú studies have been eclipsed by Moche-focused projects. The literature specifically on Chimú art and architecture, however, is far less abundant. As yet there are no dedicated journals to Chimú studies, nor are there specific bibliographies, anthologies, reference works, or textbooks.