bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vervets revisited: A quantitative analysis of alarm call structure and context specificity
Authors: Price Tabitha , Wadewitz Philip , Cheney Dorothy , Seyfarth Robert , Hammerschmidt Kurt , Fischer Julia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe alarm calls of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) constitute the classic textbook example of semantic communication in nonhuman animals, as vervet monkeys give acoustically distinct calls to different predators and these calls elicit appropriate responses in conspecifics. They also give similar sounding calls in aggressive contexts, however. Despite the central role the vervet alarm calls have played for understanding the evolution of communication, a comprehensive, quantitative analysis of the acoustic structure of these calls was lacking. We used 2-step cluster analysis to identify objective call types and discriminant function analysis to assess context specificity. Alarm calls given in response to leopards, eagles and snakes could be well distinguished, while the inclusion of calls given in aggressive contexts yielded some overlap, specifically between female calls given to snakes, eagles and during aggression, as well as between male vervet barks (additionally recorded in South Africa) in leopard and aggressive contexts. We suggest that both cognitive appraisal of the situation and internal state contribute to the variation in call usage and structure. While the semantic properties of vervet alarm calls bear little resemblance to human words, the existing acoustic variation, possibly together with additional contextual information, allows listeners to select appropriate responses.
A new basal sauropod from the pre-Toarcian Jurassic of South Africa: evidence of niche-partitioning at the sauropodomorph–sauropod boundary?
Authors: McPhee Blair W. , Bonnan Matthew F. , Yates Adam M. , Neveling Johann , Choiniere Jonah N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe early evolution of sauropod dinosaurs remains poorly understood, with a paucity of unequivocal sauropod taxa known from the first twenty million years of the Jurassic. Recently, the Early Jurassic of South Africa has yielded an assemblage of dental and post-cranial remains displaying a more apomorphic character suite than any other similarly aged sauropodomorph. These remains are interpreted as a new species of basal sauropod and recovered cladistically as the sister taxon to Vulcanodon +more derived Sauropoda, underscoring its importance for our understanding of this pivotal period of sauropod evolution. Key changes in the dentition, axial skeleton and forelimb of this new species suggest a genuine functional distinction occurring at the sauropodiform-sauropod boundary. With reference to these changes, we propose a scenario in which interdependent refinements of the locomotory and feeding apparatus occurred in tandem with, or were effected by, restrictions in the amount of vertical forage initially available to the earliest sauropods. The hypothesized instance of niche-partitioning between basal sauropodan taxa and higher-browsing non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs may partially explain the rarity of true sauropods in the basal rocks of the Jurassic, while having the added corollary of couching the origins of Sauropoda in terms of an ecologically delimited ‘event’.
Nitrogen Backbone Oligomers
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Eremets Mikhail I. , Troyan Ivan , Liu Hanyu , Ma Yanming , Vereecken Luc 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe found that nitrogen and hydrogen directly react at room temperature and pressures of ~35 GPa forming chains of single-bonded nitrogen atom with the rest of the bonds terminated with hydrogen atoms - as identified by IR absorption, Raman, X-ray diffraction experiments and theoretical calculations. At releasing pressures below ~10 GPa, the product transforms into hydrazine. Our findings might open a way for the practical synthesis of these extremely high energetic materials as the formation of nitrogen-hydrogen compounds is favorable already at pressures above 2 GPa according to the calculations.
Peroxiredoxin 6 triggers melanoma cell growth by increasing arachidonic acid-dependent lipid signalling
Authors: Schmitt Alexandra , Schmitz Werner , Hufnagel Anita , Schartl Manfred , Meierjohann Svenja 
Published: August 2015

Tumour cells are reported to display an imbalance in the levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Frequently, elevated ROS production goes along with compensatory up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes. Accordingly, we found in a previous study that protein levels of several peroxiredoxins, including PRDX6 (peroxiredoxin 6), are highly elevated in experimentally induced melanomas. In the present study, we investigated the functional role of PRDX6 in human melanoma cells. PRDX6 is a bifunctional enzyme, which harbours iPLA2 (Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2) activity in addition to its peroxidase function. Our results show that PRDX6 is strongly expressed in most melanoma cells and its expression levels are maintained in a post-transcriptional manner, particularly by EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor)-dependent signalling. PRDX6 enhances cell viability mainly by enhancing proliferation, which goes along with activation of Src family kinases. Interestingly, we were able to show that the phospholipase activity of the enzyme mediates the pro-proliferative effect of PRDX6. We identified AA (arachidonic acid) as a crucial effector of PRDX6-dependent proliferation and inducer of Src family kinase activation. These results support further the biological importance of the emerging field of lipid signalling in melanoma and highlight the particular functional relevance of PRDX6-dependent phospholipase activity.
Modeling Graves’ Orbitopathy in Experimental Graves’ Disease
Authors: Moshkelgosha S. , Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. , Eckstein A. , Banga J. P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGraves’ orbitopathy (GO), also known as thyroid eye disease is an inflammatory disease of the orbital tissue of the eye that arises as a consequence of autoimmune thyroid disease. The central feature of the disease is the production of antibodies to the thyrotropin hormone receptor (TSHR) that modulate the function of the receptor leading to autoimmune hyperthyroidism and GO. Over the years, all viable preclinical models of Graves’ disease have been incomplete and singularly failed to progress in the treatment of orbital complications. A new mouse model of GO based upon immunogenic presentation of human TSHR A-subunit plasmid by close field electroporation is shown to lead to induction of prolonged functional antibodies to TSHR resulting in chronic disease with subsequent progression to GO. The stable preclinical GO model exhibited pathologies reminiscent of human disease characterized by orbital remodeling by inflammation and adipogenesis. Inflammatory lesions characterized by CD3+ T cells and macrophages were localized in the orbital muscle tissue. This was accompanied by extensive adipogenesis of orbital fat in some immune animals. Surprisingly, other signs of orbital involvement were reminiscent of eyelid inflammation involving chemosis, with dilated and congested orbital blood vessels. More recently, the model is replicated in the author’s independent laboratories. The pre-clinical model will provide the basis to study the pathogenic and regulatory roles of immune T and B cells and their subpopulations to understand the initiation, pathophysiology, and progression of GO.
IL-22 regulates lymphoid chemokine production and assembly of tertiary lymphoid organs
Authors: Barone Francesca , Nayar Saba , Campos Joana , Cloake Thomas , Withers David R. , Toellner Kai-Michael , Zhang Yang , Fouser Lynette , Fisher Benjamin , Bowman Simon , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Garcia-Hernandez Maria de la Luz , Randall Troy D. , Lucchesi Davide , Bombardieri Michele , Pitzalis Costantino , Luther Sanjiv A. , Buckley Christopher D. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Ectopic clusters of immune cells that mimic the structure and function of secondary lymphoid organs are defined as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). They have been observed at sites of chronic inflammation for decades, but their formation and function have remained enigmatic. TLOs are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis by promoting autoreactive lymphocyte survival and autoantibody production. In this study we identify a novel role for the cytokine IL-22 in TLO development and biology. We provide evidence that IL-22 expression within TLOs is instrumental for the production of the lymphoid chemokines, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, which in turn orchestrate B-cell clustering, lymphoid aggregation, and autoantibody production. Our data provide a strong rationale for targeting IL-22 in TLO-associated autoimmune diseases.
Phylogenetic analyses of melanoma reveal complex patterns of metastatic dissemination
Authors: Sanborn J. Zachary , Chung Jongsuk , Purdom Elizabeth , Wang Nicholas J. , Kakavand Hojabr , Wilmott James S. , Butler Timothy , Thompson John F. , Mann Graham J. , Haydu Lauren E. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Busam Klaus J. , Lo Roger S. , Collisson Eric A. , Hur Joe S. , Spellman Paul T. , Cleaver James E. , Gray Joe W. , Huh Nam , Murali Rajmohan , Scolyer Richard A. , Bastian Boris C. , Cho Raymond J. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Subpopulations of cells in a primary melanoma sometimes disseminate and establish metastases, which usually cause mortality. By sequencing tumor samples from patients with metastatic melanoma never subjected to targeted therapies, we were able to trace the genetic evolution of cells in the primary that seed metastases. We show that distinct cells in the primary depart multiple times in parallel to seed metastases, often after evolving from a common, parental cell subpopulation. Intriguingly, we also determine that single metastases can be founded by more than one cell population found in the primary cancer. These mechanisms show how profound genetic diversity arises naturally among multiple metastases, driving growth and drug resistance, but also indicate that certain mutations may distinguish cells destined to metastasize.
Purification and characterization of enantioselective N-acetyl-β-Phe acylases from Burkholderia sp. AJ110349
Authors: Imabayashi Yuki , Suzuki Shun’ichi , Kawasaki Hisashi , Nakamatsu Tsuyoshi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
For the production of enantiopure β-amino acids, enantioselective resolution of N-acyl β-amino acids using acylases, especially those recognizing N-acetyl-β-amino acids, is one of the most attractive methods. Burkholderia sp. AJ110349 had been reported to exhibit either (R)- or (S)-enantiomer selective N-acetyl-β-Phe amidohydrolyzing activity, and in this study, both (R)- and (S)-enantioselective N-acetyl-β-Phe acylases were purified to be electrophoretically pure and determined the sequences, respectively. They were quite different in terms of enantioselectivities and in their amino acids sequences and molecular weights. Although both the purified acylases were confirmed to catalyze N-acetyl hydrolyzing activities, neither of them show sequence similarities to the N-acetyl-α-amino acid acylases reported thus far. Both (R)- and (S)-enantioselective N-acetyl-β-Phe acylase were expressed in Escherichia coli. Using these recombinant strains, enantiomerically pure (R)-β-Phe (&gt;99% ee) and (S)-β-Phe (&gt;99% ee) were obtained from the racemic substrate.
Biocatalytic synthesis of 3,4,5,3′,5′-pentahydroxy-trans-stilbene from piceatannol by two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBC
Authors: Furuya Toshiki , Sai Masahiko , Kino Kuniki 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
HpaBC monooxygenase was previously reported to hydroxylate resveratrol to piceatannol. In this article, we report a novel catalytic activity of HpaBC for the synthesis of a pentahydroxylated stilbene. When Escherichia coli cells expressing HpaBC were incubated with resveratrol, the resulting piceatannol was further converted to a new product. This product was identified by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy as a 5-hydroxylated piceatannol, 3,4,5,3′,5′-pentahydroxy-trans-stilbene (PHS), which is a reportedly valuable biologically active stilbene derivative. We attempted to produce PHS from piceatannol on a flask scale. After examining the effects of detergents and buffers on PHS production, E. coli cells expressing HpaBC efficiently hydroxylated piceatannol to PHS in a reaction mixture containing 1.5% (v/v) Tween 80 and 100 mM 3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid-NaOH buffer at pH 7.5. Under the optimized conditions, the whole cells regioselectively hydroxylated piceatannol, and the production of PHS reached 6.9 mM (1.8 g L−1) in 48 h.
Preferential binding of E. coli with type 1 fimbria to d-mannobiose with the Manα1→2Man structure
Authors: Ajisaka Katsumi , Yuki Kaoru , Sato Kaori , Ishii Nozomi , Matsuo Ichiro , Kuji Ryo , Miyazaki Tatsuo , Furukawa Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Manα1→2Man, Manα1→3Man, Manα1→4Man, and Manα1→6Man were converted to the glycosylamine derivatives. Then, they were mixed with monobenzyl succinic acid to obtain their amide derivatives. After removing the benzyl group by hydrogenation, the succinylamide derivatives were coupled with the hydrazino groups on BlotGlyco™ beads in the presence of water-soluble carbodiimide. d-Mannobiose-linked beads were incubated with fluorescence-labeled Escherichia coli with type 1 fimbria, and the number of the fluorescent dots associated with the beads was counted in order to determine the binding preference among d-mannobiose isomers. The results showed that the bacteria bind strongly to Manα1→2Man1→beads, Manα1→3Man1→beads, Manα1→4Man1→beads, and Manα1→6Man1→beads, in order. In the presence of 0.1 M methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, most of the bacteria failed to bind to these beads. These results indicate that E. coli with type 1 fimbria binds to all types of d-mannobiose isomers but preferentially to Manα1→2Man disaccharide.
The effects of Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil on pain-related behavior and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in carrageenan-induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Suh Hye Rim , Chung Hyun Joo , Park Eui Ho , Moon Sun Wook , Park Su Jin , Park Chan Woo , Kim Yang In , Han Hee Chul 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil (COE) has been widely used to treat allergic diseases and was suggested to exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. This study evaluated the effects of COE on pain-related behavior and pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats with carrageenan (CGN)-induced arthritis. Reduced dynamic weight load on inflamed joint in voluntarily walking rats was used as the behavior test for arthritic pain; 10% COE-treated group was significantly attenuated pain (6–8 h post-CGN injection) compared to VEH (mineral oil)-treated group. In addition, the protein levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 (6–8 h), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 (8 h) within the synovial membrane, as well as IL-1β, COX-2 (6–8 h), and IL-6 (5–7 h) within the meniscus, of 10% COE-treated group were significantly reduced. The current results implicate that COE has anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects on arthritis in rats.
The elicitor-responsive gene for a GRAS family protein, CIGR2, suppresses cell death in rice inoculated with rice blast fungus via activation of a heat shock transcription factor, OsHsf23
Authors: Tanabe Shigeru , Onodera Haruko , Hara Naho , Ishii-Minami Naoko , Day Brad , Fujisawa Yukiko , Hagio Takashi , Toki Seiichi , Shibuya Naoto , Nishizawa Yoko , Minami Eiichi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We show that a rice GRAS family protein, CIGR2, is a bonafide transcriptional activator, and through this function, targets the B-type heat shock protein-encoding gene OsHsf23 (Os09g0456800). CIGR2 (Os07g0583600) is an N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor-responsive gene whose activity, through the direct transcriptional control of OsHsf23, is required for mediating hypersensitive cell death activation during pathogen infection. RNAi lines of CIGR2 and OsHsf23 similarly exhibited the higher level of granulation in the epidermal cells of leaf sheath inoculated with an avirulent isolate of rice blast fungus. Interestingly, we did not observe altered levels of resistance, suggesting that CIGR2 suppresses excessive cell death in the incompatible interaction with blast fungus via activation of OsHsf23.
Photometric study and period variation investigation of the W UMa-type binary EQ UMa
Authors: Hu Shao Ming , Li Kai , Guo D.-F. , Jiang Yunguo , Gao Dongyang , Chen Xu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Four-color light curves of EQ UMa were obtained with the 1.0 m telescope at Weihai Observatory, Shandong University. The light variability of EQ UMa is typical of a W UMa-type binary. By analyzing the four-color light curves simultaneously, we found that EQ UMa is a semi-detached binary with the less massive component filling its inner Roche lobe. The very short period and the Algol-type configuration make EQ UMa a very good target to challenge the formation and evolution theory of low-mass Algols. We investigated the orbital period change of EQ UMa by all available times of minimum light. It is shown that the orbital period of EQ UMa displays a cyclic oscillation with a period of 12.1 yr superimposed on long-term increase with a rate of dp/dt = 1.77 × 10−7 d yr−1. The long-term period increase should be caused by the mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. The cyclic modulation is very probably produced by the light travel time effect of a third component.
ECG interpretation in Emergency Department residents: an update and e-learning as a resource to improve skills
Authors: Barthelemy Francois X. , Segard Julien , Fradin Philippe , Hourdin Nicolas , Batard Eric , Pottier Pierre , Potel Gilles , Montassier Emmanuel 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveECG interpretation is a pivotal skill to acquire during residency, especially for Emergency Department (ED) residents. Previous studies reported that ECG interpretation competency among residents was rather low. However, the optimal resource to improve ECG interpretation skills remains unclear. The aim of our study was to compare two teaching modalities to improve the ECG interpretation skills of ED residents: e-learning and lecture-based courses.Participants and methodsThe participants were first-year and second-year ED residents, assigned randomly to the two groups. The ED residents were evaluated by means of a precourse test at the beginning of the study and a postcourse test after the e-learning and lecture-based courses. These evaluations consisted of the interpretation of 10 different ECGs.ResultsWe included 39 ED residents from four different hospitals. The precourse test showed that the overall average score of ECG interpretation was 40%. Nineteen participants were then assigned to the e-learning course and 20 to the lecture-based course. Globally, there was a significant improvement in ECG interpretation skills (accuracy score=55%,P=0.0002). However, this difference was not significant between the two groups (P=0.14).ConclusionOur findings showed that the ECG interpretation was not optimal and that our e-learning program may be an effective tool for enhancing ECG interpretation skills among ED residents. A large European study should be carried out to evaluate ECG interpretation skills among ED residents before the implementation of ECG learning, including e-learning strategies, during ED residency.
The effectiveness of workshop (cooperative learning) based seminars
Authors: Baird Kevin , Munir Rahat 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to report on the effectiveness of a workshop (cooperative learning) based seminar approach in an undergraduate accounting subject.Design/methodology/approach– The effectiveness is assessed using a combination of student perceptions obtained in a survey of students enroled in a third-year elective accounting unit, and a comparison of student performance across semesters with alternative teaching structures.Findings– The survey results provide strong evidence that students perceive that seminar-based learning is effective in improving generic skills, including problem solving, critical thinking, and analytical skills. The findings also suggest that groups were generally successful, while many students found that the weekly case study assignments kept them engaged with the unit and provided them with an insight into real-world activities. The analysis of student performance provides further support for the effectiveness of this approach with the students subject to the seminar approach performing better in regard to the three types of assessments analysed.Practical implications– Academics should consider using the seminar-based approach to inculcate the skills required in the accounting profession.Originality/value– The study provides a unique insight into the success of a change in teaching structure from a traditional structure to a seminar-based workshop. The study examines both student perceptions and actual student performance.
The impact of relationship history on negotiation strategy expectations
Authors: Thomas Stephanie P , Manrodt Karl B. , Eastman Jacqueline K. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how the history of a supply chain relationship impacts expectations concerning negotiation strategy use.Design/methodology/approach– Following a grounded theory approach, experienced buyers and suppliers were interviewed to enhance understanding of the complexity of supply chain negotiations.Findings– Qualitative analysis developed a theoretical framework emphasizing the impact of relationship history on negotiation strategy expectations in long-term buyer-supplier relationships. Data supports that previous negotiation interactions build a history between the involved organizations. This relationship history creates expectations. When negotiation strategy use is consistent with expectations, the relationship history will continue to develop in the same manner as it has previously. When negotiation strategy expectations are violated, the relationship impact will differ depending on evidence of an Extrarelational Factor that leads to the strategy change.Research limitations/implications– Results of this study present a theoretical framework that future research can quantitatively test, which has the potential to open up new streams of research on relationship history and supply chain negotiations.Practical implications– Results show that buyers and suppliers should consider the strategy expectations of their negotiation partner. When actions are inconsistent with expectations, the effects impact the relationship.Originality/value– Negotiation research has largely focussed on negotiations as discrete events with economic outcomes. This ongoing buyer-supplier relationship research highlights the impact that previous negotiations (relationship history) have on negotiation expectations. It also explores the relational impact when those expectations are or are not met.