bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herrschaftlichkeit und Unverfügbarkeit. Versuch, eine ,Verknäuelung‘ exemplarisch aufzulösen
Authors: Wolf Frieder Otto 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The article addresses the question of whether the category of Unverfügbarkeit disappears in non-metaphysical preconditions or how it can be re-conceptualised in, for example, an amorous relationship. The notion of an all-round Verfügbarkeit in amorous relationships is criticised; the possibilities are discussed of being able to avoid those power differences which, when they appear in different life contexts, are developed and go on to assume an independent existence. As a constructive approach, the concept of a ‘free love’ is introduced into the debate.
Comic Rivalry and the Number of Comic Poets at the Lenaia of 405 B. C.
Authors: Hartwig Andrew 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper considers further evidence that five comic poets as opposed to three competed at the Lenaia and City Dionysia festivals in Athens during the Peloponnesian War. Aristophanes’ abuse of his comic rivals Phrynichos, Ameipsias and Lykis in the opening scene ofFrogs, produced at the Lenaia of 405, is interpreted as a response to his immediate competitors at the dramatic contest that year. A survey of the evidence elsewhere in comedy suggests that comic poets usually reserved such attacks on rival poets for occasions when all were in direct competition at the same festival. Further analysis of Aristophanes’ competitive strategies also suggests these poets immediate participation in the festival and therefore that five poets competed at the Lenaia that year.
The Historical Present of Atelic and Durative Verbs in Greek Tragedy
Authors: Boter Gerard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Among modern scholars of ancient Greek it is almost universally accepted that the historical present is only used for (telic) events and not for (atelic) states and activities. A survey of the extant complete tragedies shows that this view is untenable: there are passages where static verbs like κεῖμαι ‘lie’ and εὕδω ‘sleep’ are used in the historical present and where the historical present describes a state or activity which is extended in time. On the one hand this shows that punctuality or decisiveness cannot be regarded as the basic function of the historical present; on the other it leads to new interpretations of a number of passages in Greek tragedy.
Matching in Mind the Sea Beast’s Complexion. On the Pragmatics of Plutarch′s Hypomnemata and Scientific Innovation: The Case of Q. N. 19 (916 BF)
Authors: Meeusen Michiel 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article is devoted to Plutarch’s natural-philosophical interests and aspirations, as expressed more precisely in his collection of Quaestiones Naturales, which has been generally underestimated by scholars. In order to speculate about the actual position of this collection in the Corpus Plutarcheum, I present a case study of one particular problem, viz. Q.N. 19 (916BF). In the first part of the article, the scope is primarily confined to the traditional sources on which Plutarch relies, but I also take into account Plutarch’s conception of scientific innovation, as it is formulated in Quaestiones convivales. In the second part, I deal with the problematic degree of moral dynamics and literary stylistics, which are, in the main, absent from Quaestiones Naturales. I analyse a cluster of parallel passages (De soll. an. 978EF; De am. mult. 96F–97A; De ad. et am. 51D–53D; Alc. 23, 4–5) by way of contrast to Q.N. 19. This yields insight into Plutarch’s argumentative tactics and his process of writing and rewriting, with a particular focus on his use of ὑπομνήματα. On chronological grounds, I argue that at a certain point Plutarch bears the hypomnematic material of Q.N. 19 in his topical mind, but also that there are certain indications that Q.N. 19 itself is based on other ὑπομνήματα, which in turn provides new material for speculating about the true nature of Quaestiones Naturales as a “collection of notes” and about what the actual range of this label might be.
Per la storia del testo di Plauto nell’antichità (e ancora sui due Sisenna)
Authors: Lucarini Carlo Martino 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show that the Plautine Textgeschichte as reconstructed by M. Deufert may be regarded as convincing, although some aspects need to be corrected. A new examination of Gellius 3. 3 (combined with other passages by Festus and Servius, enables us to understand that the famous Republican edition did not contain 130 plays, but 40. In addition, we attempt to demonstrate that Varro did not provide an index of plays that he himself regarded as authentic. The only index provided by Varro was the index containing the 21 plays considered authentic by his predecessors.
A new analysis of Probus’ Plautine philology demonstrates that Probus did not prepare a new edition af Plautus: while it is extremely likely that he published a new influential edition of Vergil (which, by the way, caused the disappearance of the Appendix from our corpus), there is no reason to think that he devoted his editorial activity to Plautus.
In the last part of the paper we discuss the famous problem of the identity of Sisenna. Although some recent scholars (particularly Perutelli and Aragosti) have tried to demonstrate that the Sisenna, who composed a Plautine commentary, was the famous historian (died 67 BC), I prefer to maintain Deufert’s opinion, viz. that Sisenna the commentator of Plautus lived in the second or third century AD. A new analysis of some of Sisenna’s grammatical fragments is also provided.
Hungernde Dichter, unwillige Mäzene. Baptista Mantuanus’ Ekloge V und die römische Satire
Authors: Fetkenheuer Klaus 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In his fifth eclogue Candidus the Neo-latin poet Baptista Mantuanus, known in the Renaissance as the “second Virgil”, deals with the poverty of writers and the stinginess of patrons. The dialogue between the sincere-minded poet Candidus, who is frustrated by his hopeless situation, and the rich Silvanus, who gives only empty promises of help, turns out, however, to be futile. As can be demonstrated by the quotations taken mainly from the Roman satirists, Mantuanus makes use of the classical texts as far as they serve his purpose and explicitly displays a subtle view of his various sources. Quoting from classical literature he often compares Candidus, his alter ego, with the victims of Horace, Juvenal and Persius, and frequently transforms the positive aspect of the original into its contrary. This technique emphasizes the needy poet’s self-ironical attitude confirmed by his exaggerated complaints describing his calamity. That is why Candidus appears to be a self-pitying and self-centered character, while, on the other hand, Silvanus represents the specimen of a miser giving nothing but flimsy promises, with the result that the dialogue remains stagnant and ultimately ineffective.
„Unser Rohde“. Der Briefwechsel zwischen Franz Overbeck und Otto Crusius
Authors: Bestebreurtje Frank Peter 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWorking on a biography of his predecessor Erwin Rohde, Otto Crusius approached historical theologian Franz Overbeck, who was one of Rohde’s best friends. Overbeck sent Crusius copies of most of the letters he had received from Rohde, and Crusius used them for his book, which was published early 1902 and still is the best biographical work on Rohde. In the spring of 1902 Crusius visited Overbeck in Basel, and Overbeck in particular came to value their acquaintance. Their correspondence, stretching from 1901 until Overbeck’s death in 1905, contains important personal and substantial views on Rohde, his relationship with Nietzsche, as well as on philological and literary topics, including Overbeck’s feud with Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, Nietzsche’s sister.
Serum Adiponectin Levels and Mortality after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Alam Ahsan , Molnar Miklos Z. , Czira Maria E. , Rudas Anna , Ujszaszi Akos , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Rosivall Laszlo , Mucsi Istvan 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Background and objectives
Adiponectin (ADPN), an adipose tissue–derived hormone, has protective properties with respect to atherogenesis, inflammation, and energy homeostasis. Its beneficial role has not been consistent in patients with CKD or those undergoing dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study examined the association of plasma ADPN levels in 987 prevalent kidney transplant recipients (mean age ± SD, 51.0±12.8 years; estimated GFR, 52.8±21.9 ml/min per 1.73 m2; median time since transplant, 78 months) on all-cause mortality and death-censored graft failure. Patients were enrolled between February and August 2007 and were followed for a median of 51 months (interquartile range, 49–53 months). Using Cox proportional hazard models, the association of log-transformed plasma adiponectin was studied, with and without adjustment for demographic variables, baseline GFR, markers of inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
At baseline, patients in the lowest ADPN tertile were significantly more likely to be male; to be smokers; to have a higher baseline GFR, lower systolic BP, and lower HDL cholesterol level; and to have higher body mass index, abdominal circumference, C-reactive protein level, and total cholesterol level. The adjusted hazard ratio for death with elevated plasma ADPN (per natural log) was 1.44, and there was no significant interaction with any relevant cardiovascular risk subgroups (i.e., advanced age; diabetes; or elevated body mass index, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, or Framingham risk score). The hazard for death-censored graft failure was nonsignificant at 1.03.

Conclusion
Elevated ADPN levels are associated with higher risk for death but not allograft failure in prevalent kidney transplant recipients.
Plasma Metabolomic Profiles in Different Stages of CKD
Authors: Shah Vallabh O. , Townsend Raymond R. , Feldman Harold I. , Pappan Kirk L. , Kensicki Elizabeth , Vander Jagt David L. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryBackground and objectivesCKD is a common public health problem. Identifying biomarkers adds prognostic/diagnostic value by contributing to an understanding of CKD at the molecular level and possibly defining new drug targets. Metabolomics provides a snapshot of biochemical events at a particular time in the progression of CKD. This cross-sectional metabolomics study ascertained whether plasma metabolite profiles are significantly different in CKD stages 2, 3, and 4.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsAn analysis of plasma metabolites, using gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, was conducted on 30 nondiabetic men ages 40–52 years, with 10 participants each in CKD stages 2, 3, and 4 based on their estimated GFR (calculated by the Modified Diet in Renal Disease formula). Participants were recruited in late 2008, and plasma samples were tested at Metabolon Inc and analyzed in 2012.ResultsComparison of stage 3/stage 2 identified 62 metabolites that differed (P≤0.05), with 39 higher and 23 lower in stage 3 compared with stage 2; comparisons of stage 4/stage 2 identified 111 metabolites, with 66 higher and 45 lower; and comparisons of stage 4/stage 3 identified 11 metabolites, with 7 higher and 4 lower. Major differences in metabolite profiles with increasing stage of CKD were observed, including altered arginine metabolism, elevated coagulation/inflammation, impaired carboxylate anion transport, and decreased adrenal steroid hormone production.ConclusionsGlobal metabolite profiling of plasma uncovered potential biomarkers of stages of CKD. Moreover, these biomarkers provide insight into possible pathophysiologic processes that may contribute to progression of CKD.
Nephrologists’ Professional Ethics in Dialysis Practices
Authors: Ozar David T. , Kristensen Cynthia , Fadem Stephen Z. , Blaser Robert , Singer Dale , Moss Alvin H. 
Published: December 2012

Summary
Although the number of incidents is unknown, professional quality-oriented renal organizations have become aware of an increased number of complaints regarding nephrologists who approach patients with the purpose of influencing patients to change nephrologists or dialysis facilities (hereinafter referred to as patient solicitation). This development prompted the Forum of ESRD Networks and the Renal Physicians Association to publish a policy statement on professionalism and ethics in medical practice as these concepts relate to patient solicitation. Also common but not new is the practice of nephrologists trying to recruit their own patients to a new dialysis unit in which they have a financial interest. This paper presents two illustrative cases and provides an ethical framework for analyzing patient solicitation and physician conflict of interest. This work concludes that, in the absence of objective data that medical treatment is better elsewhere, nephrologists who attempt to influence patients to change nephrologists or dialysis facilities fall short of accepted ethical standards pertaining to professional conduct, particularly with regard to the physician–patient relationship, informed consent, continuity of care, and conflict of interest.
On Estimating Conditional Conservatism
Authors: Ball Ray , Kothari S. P. , Nikolaev Valeri V. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
The concept of conditional conservatism (asymmetric earnings timeliness) has provided new insight into financial reporting and stimulated considerable research since Basu (1997). Patatoukas and Thomas (2011) report bias in firm-level cross-sectional asymmetry estimates that they attribute to scale effects. We do not agree with their advice that researchers should avoid conditional conservatism estimates and inferences from research based on such estimates. Our theoretical and empirical analyses suggest the explanation is a correlated omitted variables problem that can be addressed in a straightforward fashion, including fixed-effects regression. Correlation between the expected components of earnings and returns biases estimates of how earnings incorporate the information contained in returns. Further, the correlation varies with returns, biasing asymmetric timeliness estimates. When firm-specific effects are taken into account, estimates do not exhibit the bias, are statistically and economically significant, are consistent with priors, and behave as a predictable function of book-to-market, size, and leverage.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the article.
Limitations in the Use of Indices Using Glucose and Insulin Levels to Predict Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Pisprasert Veeradej , Ingram Katherine H. , Lopez-Davila Maria F. , Munoz A. Julian , Garvey W. Timothy 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To examine the utility of commonly used insulin sensitivity indices in nondiabetic European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Two-hundred forty nondiabetic participants were studied. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was the gold standard approach to assess glucose disposal rates (GDR) normalized by lean body mass. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were calculated from fasting plasma glucose and insulin (FIL). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed to determine Matsuda index, the simple index assessing insulin sensitivity (SIisOGTT), Avignon index, and Stomvoll index. Relationships among these indices with GDR were analyzed by multiple regression.

RESULTS
GDR values were similar in EA and AA subgroups; even so, AA exhibited higher FIL and were insulin-resistant compared with EA, as assessed by HOMA-IR, QUICKI, Matsuda index, SIisOGTT, Avignon index, and Stumvoll index. In the overall study population, GDR was significantly correlated with all studied insulin sensitivity indices (/r/ = 0.381–0.513); however, these indices were not superior to FIL in predicting GDR. Race and gender affected the strength of this relationship. In AA males, FIL and HOMA-IR were not correlated with GDR. In contrast, Matsuda index and SIisOGTT were significantly correlated with GDR in AA males, and Matsuda index was superior to HOMA-IR and QUICKI in AAs overall.

CONCLUSIONS
Insulin sensitivity indices based on glucose and insulin levels should be used cautiously as measures of peripheral insulin sensitivity when comparing mixed gender and mixed race populations. Matsuda index and SIisOGTT are reliable in studies that include AA males.
Parenteral Nutrition–Associated Hyperglycemia in Non–Critically Ill Inpatients Increases the Risk of In-Hospital Mortality (Multicenter Study)
Authors: Olveira Gabriel , Tapia María José , Ocón Julia , Cabrejas-Gómez Carmen , Ballesteros-Pomar María D. , Vidal-Casariego Alfonso , Arraiza-Irigoyen Carmen , Olivares Josefina , Conde-García Maria del Carmen , García-Manzanares Álvaro , Botella-Romero Francisco , Quílez-Toboso Rosa P. , Cabrerizo Lucio , Matia Pilar , Chicharro Luisa , Burgos Rosa , Pujante Pedro , Ferrer Mercedes , Zugasti Ana , Prieto Javier , Diéguez Marta , Carrera María José , Vila-Bundo Anna , Urgelés Juan Ramón , Aragón-Valera Carmen , Rovira Adela , Bretón Irene , García-Peris Pilar , Muñoz-Garach Araceli , Márquez Efren , del Olmo Dolores , Pereira José Luis , Tous María C. ,   Study Group of Hyperglycemia in Parenteral Nutrition: Nutrition Area of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition (SEEN)
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
Hyperglycemia may increase mortality in patients who receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, this has not been well studied in noncritically ill patients (i.e., patients in the nonintensive care unit setting). The aim of this study was to determine whether mean blood glucose level during TPN infusion is associated with increased mortality in noncritically ill hospitalized patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This prospective multicenter study involved 19 Spanish hospitals. Noncritically ill patients who were prescribed TPN were included prospectively, and data were collected on demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables as well as on in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS
The study included 605 patients (mean age 63.2 ± 15.7 years). The daily mean TPN values were 1.630 ± 323 kcal, 3.2 ± 0.7 g carbohydrates/kg, 1.26 ± 0.3 g amino acids/kg, and 0.9 ± 0.2 g lipids/kg. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the patients who had mean blood glucose levels &gt;180 mg/dL during the TPN infusion had a risk of mortality that was 5.6 times greater than those with mean blood glucose levels &lt;140 mg/dL (95% CI 1.47–21.4 mg/dL) after adjusting for age, sex, nutritional state, presence of diabetes or hyperglycemia before starting TPN, diagnosis, prior comorbidity, carbohydrates infused, use of steroid therapy, SD of blood glucose level, insulin units supplied, infectious complications, albumin, C-reactive protein, and HbA1c levels.

CONCLUSIONS
Hyperglycemia (mean blood glucose level &gt;180 mg/dL) in noncritically ill patients who receive TPN is associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality.
Reaction times as indicators of the quality of expert work of belgrade municipal institutions for emergency medical services
Authors: Anđelic Slađana , Ivančević Nenad , Bogunović Snežana 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Introduction. Methodological Instructions for Procedures of Healthcare Institution Reports on the Indicators of the Quality of Healthcare from 2007 also involve reaction times (RTs) I, II, I+II, III and IV, as the obligatory indicator of the quality of expert work of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Objective. Evaluation of the quality of expert work of Belgrade EMS based on RTs. Methods. A retrospective analysis of priority 1 emergency calls in September 2009 vs September 2010, and RTs from I to IV as the recommended indicators of the quality of expert work of Belgrade EMS. Results. As detected, in 2010 there has been decrease in the total number of calls for physicians, and the total number of priority 1 emergency calls. By comparing RTs, the obtained data showed that in 2010 the time elapsed from when a priority 1 call was received until it was handed to the EMS team for implementation (RT I) was on average faster by 0.1 min (p<0.01), that the time elapsed from the dispatcher’s receipt of the call until the EMS team arrived to the patient (RT II) was faster on average by 0.42 min (p<0.05), and that the time for the team to reach the patient after the received call through the call centre (RT I+II) was faster by 0.15 min. Also, in 2010, RT III was shortened by 1.27 min and RT IV by 1.00 min. By summing RTs I, II and III, independently resolved level I emergency calls at the scene are obtained. In 2009, this time interval was, on average 38.02 min, and in 2010 it was an average of 36.23 min. By summing RTs I, II and IV, the time elapsed from the call received through the call centre until the patient’s hospital admission is obtained. In 2009 this time was average 31.08 min, and in 2010 it was average 29.16 min. Conclusion. One of the major advances in emergency medicine is providing assistance to a request for emergency medical care where this is produced. Therefore, the indicator of RTs may measure the quality of care provided by pre-hospital services.
The mineralogy and petrology of the Pahnavar Fe skarn, In the Eastern Azarbaijan, NW Iran
Authors: Mokhtari Mir 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Pahnavar calcic Fe-bearing skarn zone is located in the Eastern Azarbaijan (NW Iran). This skarn zone occurs along the contact between Upper Cretaceous impure carbonates and an Oligocene granodioritic batholith. The skarnification process can be categorized into two discrete stages: prograde and retrograde. The prograde stage began immediately after the initial emplacement of the granodioritic magma into the enclosing impure carbonate rocks. The effect of heat flow from the batholith caused the enclosing rocks to become isochemically marmorized in the pure limestone layers and bimetasomatized (skarnoids) in the impure clay-rich carbonates. Segregation and evolution of an aqueous phase from the magma that infiltrated to the marbles and skarnoids through fractures and micro-fractures took place during the emplacement of magma. The influx of Fe, Si and Mg from the granodiorite to the skarnoids and marbles led to the crystallization of anhydrous calc-silicates (garnet and pyroxene).
The retrograde stage can be divided, in turn, into two distinct sub-stages. During earliest sub-stage, the previously formed skarn assemblages were affected by intense hydro-fracturing; in addition, Cu, Pb, Zn, along with H2S and CO2 were added. Consequently, hydrous calc-silicates (epidote and tremolite-actinolite), sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite), oxides (magnetite and hematite) and carbonates (calcite) deposited the anhydrous calc-silicates. The late-retrograde sub-stage was due the incursion of colder oxidizing fluids into the skarn system, causing the alteration of the previously formed calc-silicate assemblages and the development of fine-grained aggregates of chlorite, illite, kaolinite, hematite and calcite.
The lack of wollastonite in the mineral assemblage, along with the garnet-clinopyroxene paragenesis, suggests that the prograde stage formed under temperature and fO2 conditions of 430–550°C and 10−26–10−23, respectively.