bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy under local anesthesia
Authors: Karahan Ö , Okuş A , Sevinç B , Eryilmaz MA , Ay S , Çayci M , Duran C 
Published: March 2013

Background:
More than 85% of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases are due to solitary, benign parathyroid adenomas. Recently, the success rate of Tc99m sestamibi scintigraphy in localization has made minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) more prominent. MIP is as effective as conventional bilateral neck exploration. Moreover, it offers lower morbidity, cost effectiveness, and better cosmetics effects.

Aim:
We aimed to evaluate the success of MIP, which happens only under local anesthesia, in this study.

Materials and Methods:
Total of 63 patients were operated for PHPT, of which 54 had solitary adenoma. Five patients underwent bilateral neck exploration under general anesthesia for thyroid nodules or unlocalizated adenomas. A total of 49 patients underwent MIP under local anesthesia without any sedation. During MIP, gamma probe was used for all patients. The patients were followed for parathyroid functions.

Results:
The mean age of 49 patients with MIP (5 male, 44 female) was 59 years. The mean follow-up time was 16.4 (±10.1) months (range: 2-36 months). Of the 49 patients, 47 (96%) were totally cured. In 2 patients, the procedure was switched to conventional bilateral neck exploration. Temporary hypocalcaemia was noted in 4 patients.

Conclusions:
If the adenoma is localizated, MIP under only local anesthesia can be performed with a high success rate. Gamma probe-guided MIP under local anesthesia is an effective and safe method. It has the advantage of being minimally invasive and, therefore, it should be preferred over the conventional method.
Development of new equations for basal metabolic rate for adolescent student Indian population
Authors: Patil SR , Bharadwaj J 
Published: March 2013

Background:
Calculation of daily calorie needs is extremely essential in several aspects of public health nutrition.

Aims:
To check the applicability of the existing equations for the prediction of basal metabolic rate (BMR) for Indian adolescent population and to develop an appropriate equation for the estimation of BMR for Indian adolescent population.

Materials and Methods:
BMR was assessed in 152 healthy, adolescent student aged between 18 and 20 years. BMR is calculated from the measured skinfold parameters. Body density was determined by the equation suggested by Durnin and Wormley using the skinfold parameters (triceps, subscapula, biceps, and SIM). Siri's equation is employed for calculating the percentage of body fat from the body density. Eventually, the BMR is calculated using Cunningham's equation. The actual BMR's were compared with values obtained from published prediction equations that used solely, or in various combinations, measures of height, weight, and age.

Results:
The equations suggested in the literature (Henry, Schofield, and Cole) are not able to predict the BMRs for Indian adolescent population. Hence, a new equation involving weight of an individual is suggested for Indian adolescent population.

Conclusions:
There is a need for generation of appropriate BMR prediction equations for Indian population for various age groups.
Equity Market Liberalization, Credit Constraints and Income Inequality
Authors: Sun Puyang , Sen Somnath , Jin Shujing 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper provides compelling evidence that equity market liberalization, as the most efficient way to smooth financial market frictions such as credit constraints, can alleviate persistent cross-dynastic income inequality by promoting increased human capital accumulation. The authors examine the effect of equity market liberalization on inequality by using data from 72 countries for 1980–2006. Their measured effect is robust to alternative measures of equity market liberalization. Finally, The authors show that foreign equity flows benefit initially lessactive stock markets more than the active ones, providing evidence that foreign equity flows act as a substitute for domestic financial markets. This finding emphasizes the possibility of reducing inequality and poverty through equity market liberalization.
Stereochemical Divergence in the Formation of Organic Carbonates Derived from Internal Epoxides
Authors: Whiteoak Christopher J. , Martin Eddy , Escudero‐Adán Eduardo , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCatalysis of the challenging cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to internal epoxides has been studied using iron(III) amine triphenolate complexes and particular focus has been given to the stereochemical regulation of this process. When pure cis‐ or trans‐2,3‐epoxybutane is used as substrate, the stereochemistry of the product can be controlled yielding selectively cis‐ or trans‐cyclic carbonates for both epoxidic substrates. This stereochemical divergence relates to two accessible catalytic pathways leading to either the cis or trans product via two distinct ring‐closure steps. The involved mechanism and stereocontrol is a function of the catalyst/co‐catalyst loading, and is further influenced by the medium, temperature and catalyst/co‐catalyst structure. Other trans‐internal epoxides could also be successfully converted into the pure trans‐cyclic carbonate products without any loss of stereochemical information.magnified image
A phase I study of ABT‐510 plus bevacizumab in advanced solid tumors
Authors: Uronis Hope E. , Cushman Stephanie M. , Bendell Johanna C. , Blobe Gerard C. , Morse Michael A. , Nixon Andrew B. , Dellinger Andrew , Starr Mark D. , Li Haiyan , Meadows Kellen , Gockerman Jon , Pang Herbert , Hurwitz Herbert I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTargeting multiple regulators of tumor angiogenesis have the potential to improve treatment efficacy. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor and ABT‐510 is a synthetic analog of thrombospondin, an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor. Dual inhibition may result in additional benefit. We evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the combination of bevacizumab plus ABT‐510 in patients with refractory solid tumors. We also explored the effects of these agents on plasma‐based biomarkers and wound angiogenesis. Thirty‐four evaluable subjects were enrolled and received study drug. Therapy was well tolerated; minimal treatment‐related grade 3/4 toxicity was observed. One patient treated at dose level 1 had a partial response and five other patients treated at the recommended phase II dose had prolonged stable disease for more than 1 year. Biomarker evaluation revealed increased levels of D‐dimer, von Willebrand factor, placental growth factor, and stromal‐derived factor 1 in response to treatment with the combination of bevacizumab and ABT‐510. Data suggest that continued evaluation of combination antiangiogenesis therapies may be clinically useful.
Direct Electrochemistry Based Biosensors and Biofuel Cells Enabled with Nanostructured Materials
Authors: Liu Yang , Du Yan , Li Chang Ming 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDirect electrochemistry of redox proteins provides exciting platforms for performance improvement of biosensors and power enhancement of biofuel cells. Nanomaterials with tailored structures and unique properties are promising building blocks to promote direct electron transfer (DET) between redox‐active cofactors of proteins and electrodes. This paper reviews the advances of nanostructured materials for DET of redox proteins in recent years, and is divided into applications in biosensors and biofuel cells. Both of them focus on the performance improvement, together with discussion on major challenges and opportunities for future research. The enhancement mechanism for direct electrochemistry is also reviewed for fundamental insights.
Effects of Multiple Chemical, Physical, and Biological Stressors on the Incidence and Types of Abnormalities Observed in Bermuda's Cane Toads (Rhinella marina)
Authors: BACON JAMIE P. , FORT CHELSEA E. , TODHUNTER BRIAN , MATHIS MICHAEL , FORT DOUGLAS J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe interactive effects of contaminants and ultraviolet light (UV)‐exposure on the incidence and types of abnormalities observed were measured in newly metamorphosed cane toads (Rhinella marina) from four Bermuda ponds contaminated with petrochemicals and metals. Abnormalities were compared in toadlets that were field‐collected, reared in predator exclusion cages, reared in laboratory microcosms exposed to control media or corresponding pond media, and reared in laboratory microcosms exposed to UV‐light and control media or media from two ponds. Percent abnormal for field‐collected, cage‐reared, and microcosm‐reared toadlets were equivalent per site and ranged between 14% and 63%. All treatments produced similar limb abnormalities but the percentage of hind versus forelimb defects was statistically greater only in field‐collected toadlets. UV‐exposed control media did not induce abnormalities in larvae exhibiting no maternal effect, and did not alter the types of abnormalities observed in larvae exhibiting a maternal or latent effect. Site media treatments without UV exposure induced significant cephalic and limb abnormalities, proved additive to the observed maternal/latent effect, and produced limb defects predominantly in forelimbs. Concurrent exposure to site media and UV‐light induced similar types of abnormalities but a significantly higher percentage of hind limb abnormalities (68–89%) than exposure to site media alone (7–13%). Our results suggest that the types of abnormalities expressed were principally determined by direct and/or transgenerational contaminant exposure, but that UV‐light exposure caused limb abnormalities to occur primarily in the hind limbs, mirroring field observations. Our field observations also suggest that ectromelia and brachydactyly in some field‐collected specimens may be predator‐induced. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B:218–237, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obesity and risk of sepsis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Wang Henry E. , Griffin Russell , Judd Suzanne , Shapiro Nathan I , Safford Monika M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveSepsis, the syndrome of microbial infection complicated by systemic inflammation, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To determine if obesity increases risk of sepsis events.Design and MethodsData from the 30,239 subject population‐based longitudinal cohort study REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) were used. Using measurements at the start of the study, we defined obesity using body mass index (BMI; <18.5 kg/m2 = underweight, 18.5‐24.9 = normal, 25.0‐29.9 = overweight, 30.0‐39.9 = obese, ≥40 = morbidly obese) and waist circumference (WC; [male ≤102 cm or female ≤88 cm] = normal, [male >102 cm or female >88 cm] = obese). Over an 8‐year observation period, we evaluated the association between obesity and subsequent sepsis events, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, chronic medical conditions, statin use, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ResultsThere were 975 incident sepsis events. Compared to those with a BMI of 18.5‐24.9, sepsis risk was higher only for BMI ≥ 40 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.57, [1.16‐2.14]). Risk of sepsis was associated with increased WC (HR 1.34 [1.14‐1.56]). In a model with both BMI and WC, sepsis risk was associated with increased WC (HR 1.47 [1.20‐1.79]) but not BMI.ConclusionsObesity is independently associated with future sepsis events. WC is a better predictor of future sepsis risk than BMI.
Acute Kidney Injury During Vancomycin Therapy in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Totapally Balagangadhar R. , Machado Jacqueline , Lee Helen , Paredes Ana , Raszynski Andre 
Published: March 2013

Study ObjectiveTo determine the rate, risk factors, and outcome of vancomycin–associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill children.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care children's hospital.PatientsWe reviewed the charts of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit during a 2‐year period who were treated with vancomycin. Courses of vancomycin interrupted by 3 days or more were counted separately. Patients were excluded if they received vancomycin treatment for fewer than 3 days, had preexisting renal failure, or had incomplete serum creatinine (Scr) data.Measurements and Main ResultsDemographic and laboratory data; vancomycin dose, duration, and concentrations; and concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs were recorded. Acute kidney injury was defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate of 50% or more from the beginning of vancomycin therapy. Descriptive statistics, step‐wise logistic regression, and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A total of 284 patients were included, for a total of 391 courses of vancomycin (272 children and 119 infants). The mean duration of vancomycin therapy was 6.9 ± 4.5 days. Forty nine (17.2%) patients developed AKI during 61 (15.6%) courses. Elevated Scr concentrations returned to baseline after stopping vancomycin in 53 (87%) courses. Mortality was higher in children who developed AKI (p<0.001; Fisher's exact test). Administration of nephrotoxic drugs (odds ratio 2.23, Confidence Interval 1.27–3.93) and presence of high blood urea nitrogen (BUN):Scr ratio before vancomycin therapy (p<0.05) were associated with AKI. The BUN and Scr concentrations significantly increased during vancomycin therapy and decreased after vancomycin was discontinued (p<0.05).ConclusionsIn critically ill children, the development of reversible AKI during vancomycin therapy is associated with administration of nephrotoxic drugs and an elevated BUN: Scr ratio.
Evaluation of Surgical Care in El Salvador Using the WHO Surgical Vital Statistics
Authors: Molina George , Funk Luke M. , Rodriguez Virginia , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Gawande Atul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveVital statistics to assess surgical care worldwide have been published by the World Health Organization. These data have not been reported for any Latin American country. We sought to measure these metrics as a starting point for understanding how to improve the safety of surgery in El Salvador.MethodsWe designed an institutional survey that was sent to 21 hospitals and used national administrative data sources to estimate the number of surgeons, anesthesia professionals, operating rooms, and annual surgical volume for El Salvador. We reviewed surgical and death logs for 12 Ministry of Health hospitals to calculate day‐of‐surgery and postoperative in‐hospital mortality ratios for a 6‐month period (October 2009–March 2010).FindingsWe estimate there to be 1,222 surgeons [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1,137–1,307], 539 anesthesia providers, 168 operating rooms (95 % CI 136–199), and 172,972 operations (95 % CI 171,961–173,983) annually in El Salvador. There were on average 1,197 annual cases per operating room and 436 annual cases per surgeon in the 21 hospitals we studied. The day‐of‐surgery mortality ratio was 0.42 % (95 % CI 0.35–0.5), whereas the postoperative in‐hospital mortality ratio was 1.58 % (95 % CI 1.44–1.72). The postoperative in‐hospital mortality ratio was higher for hospitals with a greater number of hospital beds (p = 0.01) and operating rooms (p = 0.02).ConclusionsDespite the challenges that El Salvador faces to provide surgical care, national collection of surgical vital statistics is feasible. Collection of additional process and outcome measures may be insightful for improving the surgical safety in El Salvador and elsewhere.
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Presenting with Distant Metastases: A Population Analysis Over Two Decades
Authors: Goffredo Paolo , Sosa Julie A. , Roman Sanziana A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundDifferentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with distant metastases at presentation is uncommon; the prognosis of patients with this condition is more favorable than for other cancers. Demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics are described at a population level; factors associated with long‐term disease‐specific survival are identified.MethodsPatients were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1988 and 2009. They were divided into two groups: patients with distant metastases (met‐DTC) and patients without distant metastases (DTC) at presentation. Data analyses were performed with chi square tests, ANOVA, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and binary logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsA total of 1,291 patients with met‐DTC at diagnosis and 58,518 with DTC were included. The met‐DTC rate was 2.2 %; compared to DTC, met‐DTC patients were more often male (22.7 vs 41.3 %, respectively; p < 0.001) and older (mean 48.8 vs 62.7 years; p < 0.001). Patients with met‐DTC were more likely not to have had surgery (23.3 vs 2.0 %; p < 0.001) or to have received radiation therapy (RAI) (66.8 vs 46.5 %; p < 0.001). Met‐DTC tumors were larger (mean 41.0 vs 20.5 mm; p < 0.001). Independent factors associated with distant metastases were male gender, older age, single status, black and “other” races, follicular and Hurthle cell histology, larger tumors, and positive regional lymph nodes. Disease‐specific survival was lower for met‐DTC; this has not improved over the past two decades (p = 0.494). Independent factors associated with mortality included patient age ≥45 years, single status, follicular and Hurthle cell histologies, tumor size >4 cm, and not receiving surgery and/or RAI.ConclusionsOverall, met‐DTC is uncommon. Given the lack of survival improvement observed over the last two decades, novel treatments should be pursued aggressively for this subset of patients.
Enhanced production of l-phenylalanine in Corynebacterium glutamicum due to the introduction of Escherichia coli wild-type gene aroH
Authors: Zhang Chuanzhi , Zhang Junli , Kang Zhen , Du Guocheng , Yu Xiaobin , Wang Tianwen , Chen Jian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Metabolic engineering is a powerful tool which has been widely used for producing valuable products. For improving l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) accumulation in Corynebacterium glutamicum, we have investigated the target genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of l-Phe were found to be strictly regulated genes by feedback inhibition. As a result, overexpression of the native wild-type genes aroF, aroG or pheA resulted in a slight increase of l-Phe. In contrast, overexpression of aroFwt or pheAfbr from E. coli significantly increased l-Phe production. Co-overexpression of aroFwt and pheAfbr improved the titer of l-Phe to 4.46 ± 0.06 g l−1. To further analyze the target enzymes in the aromatic amino acid synthesis pathway between C. glutamicum and E. coli, the wild-type gene aroH from E. coli was overexpressed and evaluated in C. glutamicum. As predicted, upregulation of the wild-type gene aroH resulted in a remarkable increase of l-Phe production. Co-overexpression of the mutated pheAfbr and the wild-type gene aroH resulted in the production of l-Phe up to 4.64 ± 0.09 g l−1. Based on these results we conclude that the wild-type gene aroH from E. coli is an appropriate target gene for pathway engineering in C. glutamicum for the production of aromatic amino acids.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Human Pancreatic and Hepatic Stellate Cell Lines
Authors: Paulo Joao A. , Kadiyala Vivek , Banks Peter A. , Conwell Darwin L. , Steen Hanno 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The functions of the liver and the pancreas differ; however, chronic inflammation in both organs is associated with fibrosis. Evidence suggests that fibrosis in both organs is partially regulated by organ-specific stellate cells. We explore the proteome of human hepatic stellate cells (hHSC) and human pancreatic stellate cells (hPaSC) using mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics to investigate pathophysiologic mechanisms. Proteins were isolated from whole cell lysates of immortalized hHSC and hPaSC. These proteins were tryptically digested, labeled with tandem mass tags (TMT), fractionated by OFFGEL, and subjected to MS. Proteins significantly different in abundance (P  &lt; 0.05) were classified via gene ontology (GO) analysis. We identified 1223 proteins and among them, 1222 proteins were quantifiable. Statistical analysis determined that 177 proteins were of higher abundance in hHSC, while 157 were of higher abundance in hPaSC. GO classification revealed that proteins of relatively higher abundance in hHSC were associated with protein production, while those of relatively higher abundance in hPaSC were involved in cell structure. Future studies using the methodologies established herein, but with further upstream fractionation and/or use of enhanced MS instrumentation will allow greater proteome coverage, achieving a comprehensive proteomic analysis of hHSC and hPaSC.
Early predictors of narcotics‐dependent patients in the emergency department
Authors: Lee Wei‐Che , Lin Hsing‐Lin , Kuo Liang‐Chi , Chen Chao‐Wen , Cheng Yuan‐Chia , Lin Tsung‐Ying , Soo Kwan‐Ming , Chan Hon‐Man 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is not unusual that narcotics‐dependent patients fulfill their medical requirements in the emergency department (ED). The behavior of these patients varies, and their manifestations and predictors are still not fully studied. We performed this retrospective study by prospectively collecting data on patients with suspected drug dependence who were undiagnosed at first and then treated for some kind of reported pain at the ED. Patients who were confirmed to have narcotics dependence were compared with control patients in a ratio of 1:3 matching for age, gender, disease, and clinical diagnoses. From January 2006 to October 2009, 26 of 223 patients treated for pain were found to be drug dependent (12 males and 14 females). The average dose of narcotics used was higher than the control group [3.23 ± 1.14 vs. 1.12 ± 0.36, p < 0.001, confidence interval (CI): 1.648–2.583]. Numbers of patients making unscheduled returns to the ED within 24 hours were significant [24/26 vs. 8/78, p ≤ 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 105.00, 95% CI 20.834–529.175]. In addition, patients showing aggressive attitudes were significant (17/26 vs. 2/78, p < 0.001, OR 71.78, 95% CI 14.206–362.663). In the case group, six of them told the physician that they were allergic to medicines other than the particular one they wanted, and three of the six presented injuries that were reported to be in the same (or repeated) place for unscheduled returns, which were not found in the control group. In this study, some behaviors were commonly observed in the at‐risk group. These patients were prone to manifest some types of symptoms and behaviors, such as uncontrolled pain with three doses of analgesics, aggressive attitude, returning to the ED within 24 hours with the complaint of the same severe pain, repeating the same injury, claiming allergy to other analgesics, and asking for certain analgesics. All these behaviors should alert the physician to suspect a drug‐seeking problem.