bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agent-Based Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nianogo Roch A. , Arah Onyebuchi A. 
Published: January 2015

We reviewed the use of agent-based modeling (ABM), a systems science method, in understanding noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and their public health risk factors. We systematically reviewed studies in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Sciences published from January 2003 to July 2014. We retrieved 22 relevant articles; each had an observational or interventional design. Physical activity and diet were the most-studied outcomes. Often, single agent types were modeled, and the environment was usually irrelevant to the studied outcome. Predictive validation and sensitivity analyses were most used to validate models. Although increasingly used to study NCDs, ABM remains underutilized and, where used, is suboptimally reported in public health studies. Its use in studying NCDs will benefit from clarified best practices and improved rigor to establish its usefulness and facilitate replication, interpretation, and application.
When Advocacy Obscures Accuracy Online: Digital Pandemics of Public Health Misinformation Through an Antifluoride Case Study
Authors: Seymour Brittany , Getman Rebekah , Saraf Avinash , Zhang Lily H. , Kalenderian Elsbeth 
Published: January 2015

Objectives. In an antifluoridation case study, we explored digital pandemics and the social spread of scientifically inaccurate health information across the Web, and we considered the potential health effects. Methods. Using the social networking site Facebook and the open source applications Netvizz and Gephi, we analyzed the connectedness of antifluoride networks as a measure of social influence, the social diffusion of information based on conversations about a sample scientific publication as a measure of spread, and the engagement and sentiment about the publication as a measure of attitudes and behaviors. Results. Our study sample was significantly more connected than was the social networking site overall (P < .001). Social diffusion was evident; users were forced to navigate multiple pages or never reached the sample publication being discussed 60% and 12% of the time, respectively. Users had a 1 in 2 chance of encountering negative and nonempirical content about fluoride unrelated to the sample publication. Conclusions. Network sociology may be as influential as the information content and scientific validity of a particular health topic discussed using social media. Public health must employ social strategies for improved communication management.
Higher Price, Fewer Packs: Evaluating a Tobacco Tax Increase With Cigarette Sales Data
Authors: Amato Michael S. , Boyle Raymond G. , Brock Betsy 
Published: January 2015

In 2013, Minnesota increased cigarette taxes by $1.75, the largest US state increase since 2000. We obtained convenience store data of cigarette sales from January 2012 to December 2013 from the Nielsen Company. Analysis revealed significantly greater year-to-year reductions in numbers of packs purchased during posttax (−12.1%) than pretax (−3.2%; P < .001) periods. The results provide contemporary evidence that, despite reduced prevalence and increased tobacco control efforts, tax increases remain an effective tobacco control strategy.
Putting the Mouth Back in the Head: HEENT to HEENOT
Authors: Haber Judith , Hartnett Erin , Allen Kenneth , Hallas Donna , Dorsen Caroline , Lange-Kessler Julia , Lloyd Madeleine , Thomas Edwidge , Wholihan Dorothy 
Published: January 2015

Improving oral health is a leading population health goal; however, curricula preparing health professionals have a dearth of oral health content and clinical experiences.We detail an educational and clinical innovation transitioning the traditional head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat (HEENT) examination to the addition of the teeth, gums, mucosa, tongue, and palate examination (HEENOT) for assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of oral–systemic health. Many New York University nursing, dental, and medical faculty and students have been exposed to interprofessional oral health HEENOT classroom, simulation, and clinical experiences. This was associated with increased dental–primary care referrals.This innovation has potential to build interprofessional oral health workforce capacity that addresses a significant public health issue, increases oral health care access, and improves oral–systemic health across the lifespan.
An Analysis of Rising Bubble Experiments to Determine Minimum Miscibility Pressures
Authors: Zhou D. , Orr F. M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We report an analysis of rising bubble experiments for ternary systems. We present experimental evidence that observations of changes in bubble appearance are primarily controlled by changes in interfacial tension (IFT) that occur as components transfer from the surrounding liquid to the rising bubble. We report experimental observations for an analog ternary system (brine/isopropanol/iso-octane) that confirm the influence of IFT on bubble appearance.
We also describe a simple diffusion model of composition changes during bubbles rise. A combination of experimental results and model calculations indicates that rising bubble experiments can be used to detect minimum miscibility pressure (or enrichment) for ternary vaporizing drives. Similar analysis shows, however, that falling drop experiments are more appropriate for ternary condensing displacements. Questions that remain to be resolved for systems with more than three components are outlined.
Marginal Leakage of Class V Composite Restorations Assessed Using Microcomputed Tomography and Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Rengo C , Goracci C , Ametrano G , Chieffi N , Spagnuolo G , Rengo S , Ferrari M 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare in Class V composite restorations marginal leakage measurements obtained with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations.

Methods
Class V cavities were prepared on 10 human molars and restored using Optibond FL (Kerr, Orange, CA, USA) and Premise Flowable (Kerr). Sealing ability was evaluated by assessing silver-nitrate penetration depth along enamel and dentin margins. Leakage was quantified using a scoring system. Micro-CT analysis provided 502 cross-sectional images for each tooth. Microleakage evaluation was performed first on three cross-sections corresponding to the sections examined by SEM, then on all 502 of the obtained micro-CT images. SEM observations were performed first at 20× magnification, then, if showing a zero score, at 80× magnification. Enamel and dentin microleakage scores assigned to corresponding sections through micro-CT and SEM (20×) were compared (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, α=0.05).

Results
No statistically significant difference in leakage scores emerged between micro-CT and 20×-magnification SEM. Eight tooth sections that were given a zero score under SEM at 20× magnification showed to be infiltrated at the higher magnification (80×). For five teeth a higher score was assigned following scanning of 502 cross-sections than based on the observation of three sections.

Conclusions
Micro-CT presents as a valid, nondestructive in vitro method to quantitatively evaluate marginal leakage of adhesive restorations.
Mechanical properties of MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods
Authors: Pietuch Anna , Brückner Bastian Rouven , Schneider David , Tarantola Marco , Rosman Christina , Sönnichsen Carsten , Janshoff Andreas 
Published: January 2015

Background: The impact of gold nanoparticles on cell viability has been extensively studied in the past. Size, shape and surface functionalization including opsonization of gold particles ranging from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers are among the most crucial parameters that have been focussed on. Cytoxicity of nanomaterial has been assessed by common cytotoxicity assays targeting enzymatic activity such as LDH, MTT and ECIS. So far, however, less attention has been paid to the mechanical parameters of cells exposed to gold particles, which is an important reporter on the cellular response to external stimuli.Results: Mechanical properties of confluent MDCK II cells exposed to gold nanorods as a function of surface functionalization and concentration have been explored by atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance measurements in combination with fluorescence and dark-field microscopy.Conclusion: We found that cells exposed to CTAB coated gold nanorods display a concentration-dependent stiffening that cannot be explained by the presence of CTAB alone. The stiffening results presumably from endocytosis of particles removing excess membrane area from the cell’s surface. Another aspect could be the collapse of the plasma membrane on the actin cortex. Particles coated with PEG do not show a significant change in elastic properties. This observation is consistent with QCM measurements that show a considerable drop in frequency upon administration of CTAB coated rods suggesting an increase in acoustic load corresponding to a larger stiffness (storage modulus).
L'impossible retournement
Authors: Goldschmidt Georges-Arthur 
Published: January 2015

L’objet de la psychanalyse lui échappe, c’est ce qui la fait exister, telle la littérature avec le « s’écrire », elle est de ne jamais finir ; en quoi elle révèle l’essence même du langage de l’homme, à la fois tout proche et insaisissable. L’analyse ne peut pas se retourner et devenir le patient, elle ne peut pas prendre sa place ; or c’est cet impossible retournement qui fait sens. Le sens, c’est l’empan au sein des mots, inexistant et infranchissable qui est nulle part et n’existe que par écart en tant que langage.
Transhumances du deuil
Authors: Mélèse Lucien 
Published: January 2015

La mort en son récit tisse nos existences. La belle mort marque le temps, la mâle mort le suspend. Ce n’est qu’en Crises que se rappelle l’incidence des mal-heurs. Ce n’est que par un nouveau récit, articulé dans les transferts – ou la fiction – que se dévoile l’impensé, l’inédit. Les traces sans support griffent le visage du présent. L’écrivaine Siri Hustvedt lit ces griffures avec son corps, fantômes d’une peur héritée de traumas retranchés. Ou bien cette autre, emprise d’épilepsie, héritière d’un doublet généalogique fantôme gelé. Quelle psychanalyse retrouvera la chaleur d’un humus fertile ?
Le trouble de l'enfant devant le miroir
Authors: Egry Marie-Claude 
Published: January 2015

Comme nombre de pratiques éducatives, la mise en place de miroirs dans les lieux d’accueil de la petite enfance interroge les professionnels sur les « applications » pédagogiques des recherches théoriques et cliniques. Nous nous pencherons dans cet article sur les travaux des psychologues du développement et des psychanalystes afin de mener une réflexion sur la construction de l’image de soi chez le jeune enfant de moins de 3 ans. À toutes les étapes de sa vie, l’enfant construit son identité en cherchant le regard de l’autre. La reconnaissance spéculaire est conditionnée par la reconnaissance de l’autre. Sa mère et les adultes professionnels qui l’entourent lui offrent avant tout un miroir relationnel. Nous montrerons, à partir de nos observations en crèche, le trouble et la confusion que peut provoquer chez un bébé, la rencontre des images spéculaires.
Un sentiment moral à l'épreuve de l'artialisation
Authors: Ramond Charles 
Published: January 2015

Si l’on accorde que les affects ou émotions résultent de processus d’artialisation, l’absence surprenante d’artialisation du « sentiment d’injustice » dans la chanson populaire, constatée à l’issue d’une enquête minutieuse et complète, ne doit-elle pas conduire à mettre en question ce sentiment lui-même ? Il s’agira à la fois de tester la cohérence de la position artialiste et de mesurer le domaine de validité du « sentiment d’injustice », voire des notions du « juste » et de l’« injuste ».
La beauté embellissante
Authors: Sasaki Ken-ichi 
Published: January 2015

Il s’agit ici de mettre en évidence une propriété de la beauté, à la fois subtile et évidente, mais largement ignorée de l’esthétique occidentale : la capacité du beau à embellir ce qui l’entoure. L’analyse s’appuie sur le commentaire d’un waka d’Akiko Yosano et étudie les proximités et les différences de cette beauté embellissante et de concepts philosophiques européens qui s’en rapprochent : l’éclat selon Platon, l’aura selon W. Benjamin, et le cérémonial, selon H. Kuhn.
Tendresse et pudeur chez Stendhal
Authors: Lombardo Patrizia 
Published: January 2015

L’ironie est une valeur esthétique, et donc affective, chez Stendhal. Les phénomènes affectifs varient en nature et en intensité. L’ironie implique une gamme complexe d’aspects et de degrés : elle peut être satirique, comique, tragique, nihiliste, paradoxale, etc. Stendhal s’éloigne à la fois de la satire tragique de Chateaubriand et de l’ironie romantique nihiliste. Il pratique, certes, la satire sociale ; le roman doit atteindre l’idéal de l’ opéra-bouffe , où le comique est « un mélange de gaieté et de tendresse ». L’ironie cache enfin la pudeur de l’écrivain qui masque ainsi sa tendresse et sa sympathie pour les âmes sublimes de ses personnages majeurs.
Seasonal population dynamics of four species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae)
Authors: Galloway Terry D. , Lamb Robert J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSeasonal dynamics of louse (Phthiraptera) populations on feral pigeons,Columba liviaGmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae) were investigated from 2003 to 2012 in southern Manitoba, Canada. Pigeons were infested with: Philopteridae –Campanulotes compar(Burmeister),Columbicola columbae(Linnaeus), andColoceras tovornikaeTendeiro; Menoponidae –Hohorstiella lata(Piaget). We consider the hypothesis that four species living on the same host show similar seasonal dynamics, coordinated by the life history of the host. Adults of both sexes and nymphs of all four species were present on pigeons throughout the year, consistent with continuous feeding and reproduction.Campanulotes comparandC. columbaepopulations were low in spring and peaked in September, withC. columbaeshowing greater seasonal changes for all population parameters.Coloceras tovornikaeshowed two annual peaks in abundance in spring and late summer, andH. latawas most abundant in the cold months of the year. Over 10 years, the four species showed distinct seasonal dynamics, although they live on the same birds. Seasonal patterns provided no evidence that louse reproduction or abundance is coordinated by the long breeding and moulting seasons of the host.
JNK Regulatory Molecule G5PR Induces IgG Autoantibody–Producing Plasmablasts from Peritoneal B1a Cells
Authors: Kitabatake Masahiro , Soma Miho , Zhang Tianli , Kuwahara Kazuhiko , Fukushima Yoshimi , Nojima Takuya , Kitamura Daisuke , Sakaguchi Nobuo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Peritoneal B1a cells expressing CD5 and CD11b generate autoantibody-producing precursors in autoimmune-prone mice. Previous studies show reduced JNK signaling in peritoneal B1a cells of female New Zealand Black mice and an abnormal increase of protein phosphatase 2A subunit G5PR that regulates BCR-mediated JNK signaling as a cause of autoimmunity. To investigate the mechanism regulating B1a differentiation into autoantibody-secreting plasmablasts (PBs), we applied an in vitro culture system that supports long-term growth of germinal center (GC) B cells (iGB) with IL-4, CD40L, and BAFF. Compared with spleen B2 cells, B1a cells differentiated into GC-like B cells, but more markedly into PBs, and underwent class switching toward IgG1. During iGB culture, B1a cells expressed GC-associated aicda, g5pr, and bcl6, and markedly PB-associated prdm1, irf4, and xbp1. B1a-derived iGB cells from New Zealand Black × New Zealand White F1 mice highly differentiated into autoantibody-secreting PBs in vitro and localized to the GC area in vivo. In iGB culture, JNK inhibitor SP600125 augmented the differentiation of C57BL/6 B1a cells into PBs. Furthermore, B1a cells from G5PR transgenic mice markedly differentiated into IgM and IgG autoantibody–secreting PBs. In conclusion, JNK regulation is critical to suppress autoantibody-secreting PBs from peritoneal B1a cells.
miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p Regulate Phagocytosis in Myeloid Inflammatory Cells
Authors: Naqvi Afsar Raza , Fordham Jezrom B. , Nares Salvador 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate various biological pathways. As their role in phagocytosis remains poorly understood, we investigated their impact on phagocytosis in myeloid inflammatory cells. Seven miRNAs (miR-24, -30b, -101, 142-3p, -652-3p, -652-5p, and -1275) that were differentially expressed during monocyte to macrophage (Mφ) and monocyte to dendritic cell (DC) differentiation were screened for their potential role in phagocytosis. Among these, overexpression of miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p in human monocyte-derived Mφ, DC, monocytes, and PBMCs significantly attenuate phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the secretion of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12p40. miRNA-mediated changes in cytokine profiles were observed at transcriptional and/or posttranscriptional levels and importantly exhibit miRNA-specific impact. To examine the underlying mechanism, we monitored the expression of phagocytosis pathway-associated genes and identified several genes that were altered in Mφ and DC transfected with miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p mimics. Some of these genes with altered expression also harbor putative miRNA binding sites. We show that miR-142-3p directly regulates protein kinase Cα (PKCα), a key gene involved in phagocytosis. Interestingly, miR-142-3p and PKCα exhibit antagonistic expression during Mφ and DC differentiation. Short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PKCα in Mφ leads to reduced bacterial uptake, further highlighting the role of the gene in phagocytosis. Overall, these results demonstrate that miR-24, miR-30b, and miR-142-3p regulate phagocytosis and associated cytokine production in myeloid inflammatory cells through modulation of various genes involved in the pathway.
Porcine β-Defensin 2 Attenuates Inflammation and Mucosal Lesions in Dextran Sodium Sulfate–Induced Colitis
Authors: Han Feifei , Zhang Haiwen , Xia Xi , Xiong Haitao , Song Deguang , Zong Xin , Wang Yizhen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Intestinal permeability plays a critical role in the etiopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. Defensins, including porcine β-defensin (pBD)2, are crucial antimicrobial peptides for gut protection owing to their antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of pBD2 on mucosal injury and the disruption of the epithelial barrier during the pathological process of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)–induced colitis. The effects and mechanism of pBD2 were evaluated both using a DSS-induced C57BL/6 mouse model and, in vitro, using Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells. DSS-induced colitis was characterized by higher disease activity index, shortened colon length, elevated activities of myeloperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase, histologic evidence of inflammation, and increased expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8. pBD2 increased the expression of zonula occludens-1, zonula occludens-2, claudin-1, mucin-1, and mucin-2 mRNA and proteins, and it decreased permeability to FITC-D, as well as apoptosis, in DSS-treated mice. pBD2 also decreased inflammatory infiltrates of the colon epithelium. In Caco-2 cells, pBD2 increased transepithelial electrical resistance and mucin mRNA expression, and it decreased the permeability of FITC-D while preserving the structural integrity of the tight junctions. The effects of pBD2 appeared to be through upregulation of the expression of genes associated with tight junctions and mucins, and by suppressing DSS-induced increases in inflammation, inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and apoptosis. These results show that pBD2 improves DSS-induced changes in mucosal lesions and paracellular permeability, possibly by affecting the activation of NF-κB signaling. The present study demonstrates that intrarectal administration of pBD2 may be a novel preventive option for ulcerative colitis.
Antibacterial and smear layer removal capability of oregano extract solution
Authors: Ok Evren , Adanir Necdet , Ozturk Tuba 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of oregano extract solution (OES) against Enterococcus faecalis within root canals and dentin tubules, and its effect on smear layer. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 human maxillary central incisors was selected. After removal of coronal part of the teeth, root canals were prepared using ProTaper rotary files (Dentsply, Tulsa Endodontics, OK, USA) to #F3 with the crown-down manner. The roots were randomly assigned to 15 groups (n = 12 for each). In the first seven groups, the antimicrobial effects of the test groups were evaluated. Suspensions of E. faecalis cultures were adjusted to 1.0 McFarland (1 × 108 colony-forming unit [CFU]/ml), and sterilized teeth were placed in Eppendorf tubes and kept at 37°C for 4 weeks. Samples were then taken from the root canals before irrigation using three sterile paper points. Dentin samples were taken from root canals with ProTaper #F4 and #F5 series rotary instruments after irrigation. The aliquots of samples were placed into the brain heart infusion and incubated at 37°C for 48 h and then the CFUs were counted. In the other eight groups, the efficacy of the irrigation solutions on removing the smear layer was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (Leo 440, Oxford Microscopy Ltd., Cambridge, England) analysis. Statistical evaluation of the microbiological data was performed using the Kruskall–Wallis and Mann– Witney U-test (P < 0.05). Results: There was a statistically difference between the groups (P < 0.05). Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 5% and 2% OES wasn't found to be statistically significant regarding their antibacterial activities against E. faecalis (P > 0.05). 1% OES and NaOCl showed similar antimicrobial effect (P > 0.05), and 1% OES and NaOCl were better than ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and saline (P < 0.05) but not as successful as CHX. According to the results obtained from dentin, CHX is the most effective solution within dentinal tubules. Different concentrations of OES were not achieved smear layer removal alone but OES in conjunction with 17% EDTA was the final irrigating solution achieved the smear layer removal without dentin erosion. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, OES appears to be a possible alternative to NaOCl as a root canal irrigant on the eradication of E. faecalis and removal of smear layer.