bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Fetus Points to the Diagnosis of Rare Skeletal Dysplasia: Stuve–wiedemann Syndrome: Retrospective Case Series and Prenatal Review
Authors: Begam Muzibunnisa A , Hasan Muhammad , Chedid Fares , Mirghani Hisham 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Stuve–Wiedemann syndrome (SWS) is a rare skeletal abnormality with extensive postnatal literature but limited prenatal studies. Our group had published a diagnostic algorithm to identify prenatal cases, yet, the challenge continues, especially when there is no family history of a similar condition.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed our experience of prenatal diagnosis of SWS over an 8-year period with ethical approval. Literature review of articles published until July 30, 2023 from PubMed, GeneReviews, and Genetics Home Reference using search parameters, “SWS,” “prenatal,” and “ultrasound” was conducted.

Results:
Three cases (diagnosed during the routine anomaly scan) were identified from our institutional review, and 11 cases from six studies from the literature review. Eight out of these 11 cases had a positive family history. SWS was recognized without positive family history in two patients from literature review and the three patients in the current study. The consistent findings that helped in reaching the suspicion were the typical pattern of long bone involvement (bowing of tibia > femora, relative sparing of the fibula and upper limb bones, normal scapulae, and clavicles), and the presence of camptodactyly. Despite the lack of sonographic evidence of narrow thorax, SWS is highly lethal, due to dysautonomic symptoms.

Conclusion:
In SWS, accurate ultrasound diagnosis is crucial to provide prognostic information as the lethality does not depend on pulmonary hypoplasia. Examination of the hands looking for camptodactyly is crucial in skeletal dysplasias to distinguish SWS from other bent bone osteochondrodysplasias, namely, campomelic and kyphomelic dysplasias. This prenatal distinction has important implications for prognosis.
Pharmacognostical standardization of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt root
Authors: Sundharamoorthy Susikumar , Marimuthu Haripriya , Natarajan Jayanthi , Sundharamoorthy Gokula Kannan , Marimuthu Gokul , Mattummal Rubeena , Narayana Sunil Kumar Koppala 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:

Coccinia grandis is known for its hypoglyceamic and antidiabetic activities. Various parts of the plant have been reported to possess potential therapeutic activity through literature survey. The goal of this study is to identify this traditional medicine by evaluating the pharmacognostic and phytochemical properties of C. grandis roots. Macro-microscopic features, powder microscopic analysis and histochemical screening assist the proper discrimination between species within the genus Coccinia.

Materials and Methods:
Pharmacognostical studies such as macroscopic, anatomical characters of root, powder microscopy and histo-chemistry were performed. Phytochemical characteristics of root was determined by HPTLC methods.

Results:
Pharmacognostical studies provided accurate authentication of the root sample. Histochemical study confirmed the presence of alkaloids, starch grains, oil globules, phenolics, lignin, etc., in the root. HPTLC profiling revelaed chemical fingerprint of the root sample.

Discussion and Conclusion:
This study revealed the macro-microscopical properties and phytochemical characteristics of C. grandis. The presence of therapeutic compounds in the root revealed in histochemical localisation can be attributed to the antidiabetic, hypoglyceamic and antioxidant activities of the plant.
A case study on Manjalkaram (medicated alkaline lotion) in the management of Powthiram (fistula-in-ano)
Authors: Sritharan Anpuchelvy , Sritharan Ganesh , Ganesan Sabaratnam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Abscesses around the lower rectum and anal canal are known as anorectal abscesses. These are crucial as they often culminate in fistula-in-ano. Anorectal abscess and fistulas are one of the most frequent results in the manifestation of simple or complex and extensive fistulous tracts. Karam (herbo-mineral preparation) therapy is a Siddha parasurgical technique commonly used to cure anal disease.

Materials and Methods:

Manjalkaram is a medicated alkaline lotion preparation that acts as herbal chemical cauterization agent to cure anal disease. A 60-year-old male patient, already treated with allopathy, experienced a recurrence of fistula-in-ano. The patient decided to get Siddha treatment and presented with the complaints of pain in the anal area, swelling, and discharge of pus with stool and mild irritation. The patient was diagnosed with fistula-in-ano. Purgatives were given the previous night to clean the bowel, and the following day, local cleaning was carried out by providing Triphala decoction as a herbal antiseptic lotion. A probe was inserted into the fistula, and a Manjalkaram-soaked medicated thread was inserted through the fistula and tied through an external opening to the internal opening with help of the probe. A Manjalkaram-soaked gauze (Manjalkaraseelai) was inserted and changed once in a week.

Result:
Even though fistula-in-ano is very difficult to treat, the patient got completely healed within 2 months with the effect of Manjalkaram application.

Conclusion:

Manjalkaram application is found to be an effective, time-saving, affordable, and acceptable treatment for fistula-in-ano.
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial of poly-herbal traditional decoction for the management of type 2 diabetes in comparison with standard Western treatments
Authors: Paheerathanan Vijitha , Piratheepkumar Rajadurai , Sritharan Ganesh , Menike Arachchillage Anusha Indukumari Senevirathne , Arulanandem Kandasamy , Pholtan R. S. Rajamanoharan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) known as Mathumegam is a significant health concern in the twenty-first century. Despite great advances in contemporary science, there is a lack of moderately safe and effective drugs for treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a poly herbal traditional decoction containing 10 herbs such as Senna auriculata (root & bark), Cissampelos pareira (root), Ficus racemosa (bark), Terminalia arjuna (bark), Acacia arabica (bark), Syzygium cumini (bark), Curcuma longa (rhizome), Terminalia chebula (fruit pulp), Phyllanthus emblica (dry fruit), and Terminalia bellirica (fruit pulp) in the management of T2DM.

Materials and Methods:
It was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 100 T2DM patients who were not well managed by diet or exercise. For a period of 12 weeks, 50 patients in group A were administered 5g of the test medication mixed with 100ml (one tumbler) of hot water for 10 to 15 min, as well as standard Western therapy. Group B patients (n=50) received a placebo in addition to normal Western therapy. The main focus of the study was to achieve a 3-month decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels from the starting point, with additional objectives including lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and observing changes in diabetic symptoms.

Results:
At the end of the trial, mean fasting blood glucose levels decreased to 119.04 ± 11.52 and 176.90 ± 13.91 mg/dL in the test and control groups, respectively. Group A showed a more significant decrease in mean fasting blood glucose levels compared to group B. This indicates that the daily use of poly herbal traditional decoction along with standard allopathic medical therapy for 3 months led to notable reductions in FBG levels. Similarly, group A showed greater improvement in the measured signs and symptoms of diabetes, such as polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weariness, and burning sensation in the hands and feet compared to group B throughout the trial. At baseline, the mean HbA1c (%) in group A and group B was 7.47 ± 0.70 and 7.39 ± 0.66, respectively. After 12 weeks of investigation, the levels of glycated hemoglobin were lowered to 5.03 ± 0.53 and 6.79 ± 0.51 respectively. There were no adverse events reported during the trial period.

Conclusion:
This study found that the experimental medication was beneficial in T2DM, radically lowering FBG and HbA1c levels in diabetic individuals after 12 weeks of treatment.
Consequences of COVID-19 Lockdown on Self and Perceived Adaptive Functioning in Persons with Parkinson’s Disease and Caregiver Burden: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: D’souza Jude John , Tinaikar Saachi , Gardas Shailesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
People across the world experienced abrupt changes in their daily lives because of the coronavirus disease 2019 lockdown, with a focus on social distancing and self-isolation. Furthermore, the lockdown restricted access to healthcare and physical exercise, potentially leading to the worsening of motor and nonmotor symptoms in vulnerable populations such as persons with Parkinson’s (PwP). Consequently, there was a greater need to evaluate how functional capacity of PwP affected their quality of life and how that impact affected the caregiver’s burden throughout the course of the disease.

Methods:
The Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-8) was used to interview 85 PwP and their caregivers over the phone and in person in the outpatient department. Convenience sampling was used, and the caregivers were evaluated using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS). The Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) was used to assess the strain that caregivers were experiencing. The scores were noted and analyzed.

Results:
Responses were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. There was a significant positive correlation (0.565) between PDQ-8 and CSI scales, and there was a significant negative correlation between PDQ-8 and PSMS (-0.565), and between PDQ-8 and IADL scores (-0.565).

Conclusion:
The PwP recruited in this study had minimal symptoms, and their quality of life was only mildly affected. Hence, patients showed better capacity to perform the activites of daily living (ADLs), and subsequently, the strain experienced by their respective caregivers was mild to moderate.
Stress Experienced by Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Delay (NDD): A Correlation with Various Factors
Authors: Jeevannavar Jyoti S. , Shinde Akshata S. , Prasad Vaishnavi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Families of children with disabilities have to face the realities of their diagnosis, make significant adjustments to their care, and most importantly, future expectations with regards to their development. Consequently, these parents experience stress that may influence their compliance with therapy, and consequently, their rehabilitation outcomes.

Objective:
To study the level of stress experienced by parents of children with neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) and identify the problems of concern of these parents.

Materials and Methods:
Parents of 98 children with NDD who met the inclusion criteria were asked to fill the parental stress scale forms and return them to the primary investigator. The forms were screened for completeness, and the individual stress score was calculated. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results:
All the parents of children with NDD experienced stress [44.03 (±10.17)]. The differential stress levels were as follows: moderate stress [43.24 (±5.75)], followed by severe [30.05 (±3.34)] and mild [59.47 (±4.36)] stress. Stress significantly correlated positively with the age of the children and the number of domains of delay. Overall, 69% of the parents were concerned about the motor delays while 31% were concerned about other associated problems.

Conclusion:
All parents experienced differing levels of stress due to child-related factors.
Perception of Medical Professionalism Among Ophthalmology Residents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghulaydhawi Fahad A. , Hersi Reem M. , Al-shahwan Sami 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:
Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the concepts of medical professionalism among residents. Very few studies have specifically evaluated the perception of medical professionalism in a specific specialty. The aim of the study is to evaluate the perception of medical professionalism among ophthalmology residents and to assess the differences in the concept of professionalism between junior and senior residents.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire to survey ophthalmology residents enrolled in different regions of Saudi Arabia in 2020. The ophthalmology residents included both junior and senior residents. In this study, “professionalism” concurred with the definition in the American Board of Internal Medicine's “Project Professionalism” and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

RESULTS:
A total of 167 participants were recruited in the study. Out of the 127 participants who completed the survey, 60 (47.24%) were junior residents and 67 (52.76%) were senior residents. The scores for the attributes varied markedly. The lowest score obtained was 6.54 ± 3.349 for the attribute “In an emergency putting the welfare of others over my own safety” in the “Altrusim” domain and the highest score obtained was 9.62 ± 0.854 for the attribute “respect for co-workers” in the “Respect for others” domain. Out of the total residents who completed the survey (n = 127), 84 (66.14%) agreed that professionalism is teachable through a residency curriculum and 85 (66.93%) thought that it is testable.

CONCLUSION:
The characteristics of different attributes of professionalism varied significantly among the residents. The findings of the present study highlights that the conceptualization and perception of professionalism is changing and there is a need to focus on the resident curriculum to instill the values of professionalism. Targeted training is needed on the concepts of professionalism to develop behaviors consistent with medical professionalism and to evaluate the levels of professionalism among residents.
Clinicopathological Study of Meibomian Carcinoma of Eyelids – An Experience of Two Years in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Dasgupta Senjuti , Jain Parul , Bhattacharyya Nirmal K. , Khatoon Rojina 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:
Meibomian carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm of the eyelids. The clinical presentation often mimics benign conditions thereby making the diagnosis challenging. The aim of the study was to analyze cases of meibomian carcinoma, the specimens of which were received, in the past 2 years in the pathology department.

METHODS:
This retrospective observational study was undertaken for 2 years and included 9 patients of meibomian carcinoma. For each case, detailed history and clinical findings were retrieved from the hospital records. Histopathological examination was undertaken in all cases after preparing hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from tissue blocks preserved in the department.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the patients was 55 ± 15 years. Six (66.7%) patients were females, and the other three (33.3%) were male. Following surgery, gross examination of the specimens revealed that the mean size of the excised tumors was 2.45 ± 1.45 cm. The tumors were classified based on histopathological features according to growth pattern, cell type, and cytoarchitecture. Most cases had lobular growth pattern (5, 55.6% cases), consisted of epidermoid cells (5, 55.6% cases), and exhibited infiltrative cytoarchitecture (8, 88.9% cases).

CONCLUSION:
Early diagnosis of meibomian carcinoma is important to reduce mortality from the aggressive tumor. The knowledge of clinicopathological aspects of the tumors that were biopsied in the department of pathology in the past 2 years will help in diagnosis and management of such tumors in future.
Fate of Abstracts Presented at the Saudi Ophthalmology Society Conferences 2015–2018
Authors: Alsarhani Abdulaziz K. , Almater Abdullah I. , Alobrah Mansour A. , Al Malawi Rahaf M. , Alsarhani Waleed K. 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE:
The aim of the study was to determine the publication rates of abstracts presented at the annual Saudi Ophthalmology Society (SOS) Conferences from 2015 to 2018.

METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study on abstracts collected from the scientific programs for the SOS meetings from 2015 to 2018. Titles and first authors' names were used in the search process on PubMed. A Chi-square test was conducted to compare between the categorical variables. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for nonnormally distributed variables.

RESULTS:
A total of 365 abstracts were presented in the SOS Conferences from 2015 to 2018. In the SOS meetings (2015–2018), the publication rate was 45.7%. Seventy-two (43.1%) of the published abstracts were published in journals with an impact factor. The mean impact factor was 1.4 ± 1.9. The median time to publication was 12.0 months (range: 0–60 months). On univariate analysis, basic science (P < 0.001), abstracts on rare diseases (P = 0.003), affiliation with eye hospitals (P < 0.001), and public hospitals (0.007) were associated with a higher publication rate. On multivariate analysis, basic science studies (odds ratio [OR]: 4.23, confidence interval [CI]: 1.77–10.12, P = 0.001), rare topic-related abstracts (OR: 2.03, CI: 1.22–3.38, P = 0.007), and eye center affiliation (OR: 1.67, CI: 1.03–2.68, P = 0.036) were associated with a better publication rate. The factors associated with publication in high impact factor journals were oral abstracts (P = 0.007) and noncase report abstracts (P = 0.023).

CONCLUSION:
Basic science studies, rare topic-related abstracts, and first author affiliation with an eye center were all associated with a higher publication rate. Orally presented and noncase report abstracts increased the chance of publication in higher impact factor journals.
Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Tobacco Abstinence Among Adult Tobacco Users Compared to Usual Care or no Treatment – A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehra Rashmi , Mehra Karn 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to systematically identify and assess randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for increasing tobacco abstinence.

Methods:
Five electronic databases were searched from inception to May 2021 to identify RCTs evaluating the efficacy of TMS interventions for tobacco cessation or abstinence. Using predetermined eligibility criteria, two reviewers screened literature and assessed the quality of included studies using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool.

Results:
Out of 222 records, six RCTs with TMS intervention were shortlisted. Two studies assessed TMS in conjunction with other active tobacco cessation treatment, while other four studies used TMS as only active form of treatment. The limited number of included studies had short follow-ups, large dropout rates, and heterogeneous interventions and comparators, which precluded clear detection of treatment effect of TMS interventions.

Conclusions:
TMS intervention differed significantly from comparator group in their effects on tobacco use. However, low-quality limited evidence with variability in study design among existing studies suggests the need for high-quality, long follow-up and robust RCTs to be conducted.
Clinical Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Associated Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C)
Authors: Gandhi Vipulkumar V. , Kavade Sandeep , Gore Shankar , Chopra Komal 
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is a SARS-COV-2 infection-associated dreaded clinical sequelae in pediatric patients. Its epidemiology is complex and differs from severe acute COVID-19 infection in children. The present case-series report describes the various clinical features, laboratory markers, and interventions among 222 pediatric patients from one of the states in India with the highest prevalence of COVID-19 infection.

Methods:
An observational study was conducted at one of the tertiary healthcare institutes in the western region of Maharashtra state of India. Twenty-two children were hospitalized with diagnosed MIS-C, aged from 2 months to 18 years, from January to June 2021. Demographic and clinical characteristics and diagnostic and treatment parameters were collected from each subject. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 software was used as a data analysis tool.

Results:
Clinical assessment revealed high-grade fever, non-purulent conjunctivitis, and abdominal complaints, which were the leading presentations of MIS-C. In inflammatory markers, serum IL-6 levels and D-dimer levels took a longer duration for normalization in the severe MIS-C group. Almost half of the mild–moderate MIS-C patients were managed with only systemic corticosteroids. All remaining patients recovered with the dual therapy of intravenous immunoglobulins (2 g/kg) and systemic corticosteroids with an improved clinical and biological response.

Conclusions:
The present clinical case-series report concluded that almost all MIS-C cases have a favorable prognosis with dual therapy of corticosteroids and immunoglobulins. With the principle of early diagnosis and prompt treatment, it is possible to manage patients without any critical support. However, long-term follow-up studies of these cases are warranted to validate the clinical approach.
Correlation between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and Cytomegalovirus
Authors: Al-Hussainy Ahmed Danbous Obayes , AL-Khikani Falah Hasan Obayes , Allah Hussein Aliaa Zaraa Allah , Alshamary Rasha Salih Mahdi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), which causes the novel betacoronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19), has become the first global pandemic in 100 years. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent herpesvirus that affects 40%–70% of the general population. This study aimed to see how CMV affected the presentation of COVID-19 infections as a prospective risk factor.

Material and Methods:
This study was conducted in Babylon, Iraq, from January to March, 2022. A total of 120 people were engaged in this study divided into four groups: mild, moderate, severe, and control group, 30 individuals in each group. Ninety patients identified with SARS-CoV-2 by PCR testing and 30 people serving as a control group. IgG antibody titer in blood samples were detected by mini vidas biomerieux. The samples were processed with the complete blood count (CBC) and ABO blood group. Independent T and Chi-square tests were used to examine the data using SPSS 21 software.

Results:
COVID-19 infection was more frequent in females than males. The COVID-19 patients were detected to have increased white blood cell count (p < 0.0001) and decreased lymphocytes compared to the healthy persons (p < 0.0001). No significant correlation between CMV and COVID-19 was discovered. CMV titer was not associated with disease severity. Blood group A is the most predominant type in patients compared to healthy persons.

Conclusion:
This study revealed no significant correlation between the severity of COVID-19 and CMV in spite of slightly increased in severe patients at mean 66.53 compared to the control group 58.80 (p = 0.26). Reactivation of CMV in COVID-19 patients may be associated with complications, so more attention should be taken into consideration regarding this virus, especially in severe patients.