bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generalisability of the inflammatory bowel disease knowledge inventory device to assess disease‐related knowledge in Australian children
Authors: Day Andrew S , Lemberg Daniel A , Nichol Alison , Clarkson Cathy , Otley Anthony R 
Published: June 2014

AimDisease knowledge may affect disease outcome, adherence to therapy and quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD knowledge inventory device (IBD‐KID) was specifically developed and validated for children to measure disease‐specific knowledge. The relevance of the IBD‐KID was now determined in an Australian population of children with IBD.MethodsTwenty children with an established diagnosis of IBD for 2 years or greater, and their parents, were asked to complete the IBD‐KID and the Crohn's and Colitis Knowledge Score (CCKNOW). Twenty children recently diagnosed with IBD completed the IBD‐KID alone, as did three populations of health workers within a paediatric hospital.ResultsChildren with longstanding disease scored 12.1 ± 4.6 (from 23 questions) in the IBD‐KID and 13.2 ± 5 (from 30 questions) in the CCKNOW device (P < 0.05). Children had fewer ‘don't know’ answers with the IBD‐KID. Areas of poor knowledge included aspects of IBD therapies and IBD outcome. Recently diagnosed children performed less well than those with longer period of illness (P = 0.03). Parents scored more highly in both scores than their children (16.8 ± 2.7 and 18.1 ± 4.2: P = 0.008). Medical staff had higher scores in the IBD‐KID (19.5 ± 2.1) than did nursing (13.2 ± 2.7) or clerical (7.3 ± 4.1) staff (P < 0.005).ConclusionsThe IBD‐KID provides a reliable and appropriate assessment of disease knowledge in Australian children with IBD and can now be used in activities targeting disease‐related education and as a tool to ascertain where knowledge can be improved in children with IBD.
Rice Bran Expressing a Shrimp Antimicrobial Peptide Confers Delayed Spoilage of Fish Feed and Resistance of Tilapia to Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Liu Mei , Wang Baojie , Jiang Keyong , Gong Kui , Sun Shujuan , Wang Lei , Liu Wenzhen , Fu Yaping 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPenaeidin is an antimicrobial peptide family found in penaeid shrimp. Penaeidin3 has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and is most effective against certain bacterial species. In this study, the penaeidin3‐2 gene was cloned from the Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. It was then transformed into rice plants using an Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation system. The transformants were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis. To evaluate the application of penaeidin3‐2 expressed by rice plants in the feedstock industry and aquaculture practice, the transgenic rice bran was added to fish feed. The proliferation of microbes in the feed was significantly inhibited by the transgenic rice bran. Furthermore, the mortality of tilapias challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila was also significantly reduced when they were fed with the transgenic bran expressing penaeidin3‐2. Their intestinal flora changed when the fish were fed with rice bran expressing the introduced gene for a relatively long period. Fish that survived the challenge had a more intact midgut structure. These results indicate that penaeidin3‐2 expressed in rice plants may possess the ability to modulate the intestinal bacterial community and protect the gut structure from damage.
Large‐scale multivariate analysis reveals sexual dimorphism and geographic differences in theGray's beaked whale
Authors: Thompson K. F. , Ruggiero K. , Millar C. D. , Constantine R. , van Helden A. L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGray's beaked whales (Mesoplodon grayi) are medium‐sized odontocete (toothed) cetaceans that are members of the family Ziphiidae. These animals inhabit deep oceanic waters and are rarely seen at sea. Most information is derived from stranded animals and there has been no systematic study of their morphology. We present a multivariate analysis of the morphology ofGray's beaked whales using 80 cranial measurements from 22 individuals and 13 external measurements from 50 individuals. Sparse principal component and linear discriminant function analyses were used to classify samples into sexes. Males and females have markedly different cranial morphology. In particular, females have longer skulls with longer more slender rostra (beaks) in comparison to males. Two variables, depth of the rostrum at mid‐length and tip of rostrum to the right temporal fossa, can classify sex with 100% accuracy. The external body measurements used in this study are more prone to error as they were recorded by a number of observers on carcasses in differing states of decomposition and this is reflected in the level of variance in most measurements. However, analyses of these measurements showed a significant difference between sexes in the distance between (1) the tip of the rostrum to the genital slit, (2) the tip of the rostrum to the blowhole, as found in the cranial analyses and (3) tail fluke width where males have absolutely wider tail flukes than females. Differences in these same measurements were also found between animals stranded on the east and west coasts suggesting a degree of population separation across New Zealand. Finally, we present two linear models that enable the assignment of sex from either skull or external measurements. These models will be useful for future studies as well as the management of these whales and can be applied to archived data where genetic sex assignment is not possible.
Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science—XXIV: William K. Hartmann
Authors: Sears Derek W. G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this interview, William Hartmann (Bill, Fig. ) describes how he was inspired as a teenager by a map of the Moon in an encyclopedia and by the paintings by Chesley Bonestell. Through the amateur journal “Strolling Astronomer,” he shared his interests with other teenagers who became lifelong colleagues. At college, he participated in Project Moonwatch, observing early artificial satellites. In graduate school, under Gerard Kuiper, Bill discovered Mare Orientale and other large concentric lunar basin structures. In the 1960s and 1970s, he used crater densities to study surface ages and erosive/depositional effects, predicted the approximately 3.6 Gyr ages of the lunar maria before the Apollo samples, discovered the intense pre‐mare lunar bombardment, deduced the youthful Martian volcanism as part of the Mariner 9 team, and proposed (with Don Davis) the giant impact model for lunar origin. In 1972, he helped found (what is now) the Planetary Science Institute. From the late 1970s to early 1990s, Bill worked mostly with Dale Cruikshank and Dave Tholen at Mauna Kea Observatory, helping to break down the Victorian paradigm that separated comets and asteroids, and determining the approximately 4% albedo of comet nuclei. Most recently, Bill has worked with the imaging teams for several additional Mars missions. He has written three college textbooks and, since the 1970s, after painting illustrations for his textbooks, has devoted part of his time to painting, having had several exhibitions. He has also published two novels. Bill Hartmann won the 2010 Barringer Award for impact studies and the first Carl Sagan Award for outreach in 1997.William K. Hartmann taken 2010 Aug 2 (Photo: Gayle Hartmann).image
Physiological benefits of exercise in pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease
Authors: Gould Douglas W , Graham‐Brown Matthew PM , Watson Emma L , Viana João L , Smith Alice C 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and muscle wasting, arising from numerous factors associated with declining renal function and lifestyle factors. Exercise has the ability to impact beneficially on the comorbidities associated with CKD and is accepted as an important intervention in the treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of other chronic diseases, however, the role of exercise in CKD is overlooked, with the provision of rehabilitation programmes well behind those of cardiology and respiratory services. Whilst there is now a large evidence base demonstrating the efficacy and safety of exercise training interventions in patients receiving dialysis, and this is now becoming incorporated into clinical guidelines for treatment of dialysis patients, there is a paucity of research evaluating the effectiveness of exercise in patients with CKD who are not on dialysis. Despite this, existing studies indicate that exercise can improve physical functioning and impact positively on the mediators of co‐morbid diseases and upstream factors associated with progression of renal disease. Although preliminary evidence appears positive, more research is required to identify the best modes, frequency and intensities of exercise in order to optimise exercise prescription in pre‐dialysis CKD patients. This review summarizes what is known about the main effects of exercise in pre‐dialysis CKD patients, discusses the potential of exercise in the rehabilitation and treatment of disease and highlights the need for further research.
Disruption of heterotypic community development by Porphyromonas gingivalis with small molecule inhibitors
Authors: Wright C.J. , Wu H. , Melander R.J. , Melander C. , Lamont R.J. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryPorphyromonas gingivalis is one of the main etiological organisms in periodontal disease. On oral surfaces P. gingivalis is a component of multispecies biofilm communities and can modify the pathogenic potential of the community as a whole. Accumulation of P. gingivalis in communities is facilitated by interspecies binding and communication with the antecedent colonizer Streptococcus gordonii. In this study we screened a library of small molecules to identify structures that could serve as lead compounds for the development of inhibitors of P. gingivalis community development. Three small molecules were identified that effectively inhibited accumulation of P. gingivalis on a substratum of S. gordonii. The structures of the small molecules are derived from the marine alkaloids oroidin and bromoageliferin and contain a 2‐aminoimidazole or 2‐aminobenzimidazole moiety. The most active compounds reduced expression of mfa1 and fimA in P. gingivalis, genes encoding the minor and major fimbrial subunits, respectively. These fimbrial adhesins are necessary for P. gingivalis co‐adhesion with S. gordonii. These results demonstrate the potential for a small molecular inhibitor‐based approach to the prevention of diseases associated with P. gingivalis.
A Descriptive Analysis of State Government Debt‐Related Derivatives Policies
Authors: Singla Akheil , Luby Martin J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe increasing use of debt‐related derivatives over the last 10 years, combined with the recent global financial crisis' impact on these instruments, greatly affected the finances of many state and local governments in the United States. Some observers believe the negative effects could have been minimized had governments established prudent financial risk management policies governing these products. This research describes and analyzes debt‐related derivatives policies at the state level. It finds that while 30 states used debt‐related derivatives between 2005 and 2010, only 20 states have policies guiding financial derivative practices, with the policies being of varying breadth and depth.
Identification of primary and secondary metabolites with phosphorus status‐dependent abundance in Arabidopsis, and of the transcription factor PHR1 as a major regulator of metabolic changes during phosphorus limitation
Authors: PANT BIKRAM‐DATT , PANT POOJA , ERBAN ALEXANDER , HUHMAN DAVID , KOPKA JOACHIM , SCHEIBLE WOLF‐RÜDIGER 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMassive changes in gene expression occur when plants are subjected to phosphorus (P) limitation, but the breadth of metabolic changes in these conditions and their regulation is barely investigated. Nearly 350 primary and secondary metabolites were profiled in shoots and roots of P‐replete and P‐deprived Arabidopsis thaliana wild type and mutants of the central P‐signalling components PHR1 and PHO2, and microRNA399 overexpresser. In the wild type, the levels of 87 primary metabolites, including phosphorylated metabolites but not 3‐phosphoglycerate, decreased, whereas the concentrations of most organic acids, amino acids, nitrogenous compounds, polyhydroxy acids and sugars increased. Furthermore, the levels of 35 secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates, benzoides, phenylpropanoids and flavonoids, were altered during P limitation. Observed changes indicated P‐saving strategies, increased photorespiration and crosstalk between P limitation and sulphur and nitrogen metabolism. The phr1 mutation had a remarkably pronounced effect on the metabolic P‐limitation response, providing evidence that PHR1 is a key factor for metabolic reprogramming during P limitation. The effects of pho2 or microRNA399 overexpression were comparatively minor. In addition, positive correlations between metabolites and gene transcripts encoding pathway enzymes were revealed. This study provides an unprecedented metabolic phenotype during P limitation in Arabidopsis.
Eosinophilic granuloma of the sternum in a child treated with closed biopsy
Authors: Kontogeorgakos Vasileios A , Papachristou Dionysios J , Malizos Konstantinos N 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare neoplastic proliferative disorder of the Langerhans cells. The clinical course is variable, ranging from a low symptomatic single bone lesion to fatal multiple organ involvement. Rarely, the sternum can be the first and single location of the disease. We report on a 12‐year‐old boy who presented with an aggressive lytic lesion of the proximal sternum associated with local pain and afternoon fever. Histopathological analysis of the closed biopsy specimen indicated eosinophilic granuloma of bone/Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Soon after the biopsy procedure the pain and fever subsided. Computed tomography at 2 months showed healing of the lytic lesion. The patient received no other type of treatment. At 2 year follow up he was symptom and disease free.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome in PAGOD syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Miyake Akira , Nakayashiro Mami 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChromosomal abnormalities as well as non‐cardiac anomalies have been identified as independent risk factors for surgical morbidity and mortality in Fontan palliation. The combination of malformations consisting of pulmonary hypoplasia, agonadism (sex reversal), omphalocele, and diaphragmatic defect is compatible with pulmonary artery and lung hypoplasia, agonadism, omphalocele, and diaphragmatic defect (PAGOD). Most cases have been associated with cardiac disease, particularly hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) that is potentially destined for Fontan palliation. Reported herein is the case of a Japanese female infant diagnosed with PAGOD syndrome along with HLHS (mitral atresia and aortic atresia), in whom intractable respiratory failure manifested as bilateral eventration of the diaphragm and presumed right lung hypoplasia. These characteristic pulmonary lesions associated with the syndrome precluded use of the Fontan pathway.
Hereditary spherocytosis diagnosed with the eosin‐5′‐maleimide binding test
Authors: Watanabe Toru , Ono Hiroyuki , Tajima Iwao , Ishigaki Hidetoshi , Hakamata Akio , Shirai Masami , Endoh Akira , Hongo Teruaki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe describe three cases of hereditary spherocytosis (HS) diagnosed using the eosin‐5′‐maleimide (EMA) binding test and discuss the relevance of the EMA binding test. In Japan, this test is not widely used because the prevalence of HS is low. This test is a valuable screening test for the diagnosis of HS.
Bacterial meningitis after radiofrequency diathermy for adenoid hypertrophy
Authors: Nagasaki Azusa , Sato Atsuo , Shiro Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA 6‐year‐old otherwise healthy girl who underwent radiofrequency diathermy for adenoid hypertrophy presented with fever on the same day and was diagnosed as having bacterial meningitis 2 days later. Culture of cerebrospinal fluid indicated that the pathogens were penicillin‐sensitive Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin‐sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The serotype of the causative pneumococcus, 11A, was not covered by the 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine the patient had been inoculated with. Although not previously reported, radiofrequency diathermy for adenoid hypertrophy can be considered a risk factor for bacteremia and meningitis.
Thyroglossal duct cyst accompanied by laryngomalacia and pulmonary sequestration
Authors: Yagasaki Hideaki , Makino Koichi , Goto Yusuke , Suzuki Takeyuki , Oyachi Noboru , Obana Kazuko , Ko Junichi , Komai Takayuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA 2‐month‐old full‐term female infant developed nasal stridor, which progressed to respiratory distress and poor sucking ability. Direct pharyngoscopy showed laryngomalacia and a midline cystic mass in the lingual region. The mass pressed on the epiglottis, causing dyspnea. Computed tomography incidentally revealed extralobar pulmonary sequestration. Direct deroofing of the lingual cyst and plication of the epiglottis were performed at 3 months of age, and the patient recovered from the respiratory distress. Histopathology of the cystic mass showed a thyroglossal duct cyst. Thoracoscopic resection of the pulmonary sequestration was then done at 17 months of age. Thyroglossal duct cysts in the lingual region may cause destabilization of the epiglottis and laryngomalacia, resulting in acquired respiratory obstruction. The combination of thyroglossal duct cyst, laryngomalacia, and pulmonary sequestration is rare; therefore, reports must be accumulated in order to explore the embryological origins of such cases.
Challenging diagnosis between intussusception and necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants
Authors: Taşkınlar Hakan , Gündoğdu Gökhan , Çelik Yalçın , Avlan Dinçer , Naycı Ali 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlthough necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a frequently encountered entity in premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, intussusception is extremely rare. Abdominal distension, bilious/non‐bilious gastric residuals and bloody stool are the common clinical findings of both entities. Here we present three cases of intussusception misdiagnosed as NEC, two of which were complicated with intestinal perforation. Similar clinical findings of NEC and intussusception leads to misdiagnosis and delay in treatment, particularly in premature infants with intussusception.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVA+UVB) on Young Gametophytes ofGelidium floridanum: Growth Rate, Photosynthetic Pigments, Carotenoids, Photosynthetic Performance, and Ultrastructure
Authors: Simioni Carmen , C. Schmidt Éder , Felix Marthiellen R. de L. , Polo Luz Karime , Rover Ticiane , Kreusch Marianne , Pereira Debora T. , Chow Fungyi , Ramlov Fernanda , Maraschin Marcelo , Bouzon Zenilda L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of radiation (PAR+UVA+UVB) on the development and growth rates (GRs) of young gametophytes ofGelidium floridanum. In addition, photosynthetic pigments were quantified, carotenoids identified, and photosynthetic performance assessed. Over a period of 3 days, young gametophytes were cultivated under laboratory conditions and exposed to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 80 μmol photons m−2 s−1andPAR+UVA(0.70 W m−2)+UVB(0.35 W m−2) for 3 h per day. The samples were processed for light and electron microscopy to analyze the ultrastructure features, as well as carry out metabolic studies ofGRs, quantify the content of photosynthetic pigments, identify carotenoids and assess photosynthetic performance.PAR+UVA+UVBpromoted increase in cell wall thickness, accumulation of floridean starch grains in the cytoplasm and disruption of chloroplast internal organization. Algae exposed toPAR+UVA+UVBalso showed a reduction inGRof 97%. Photosynthetic pigments, in particular, phycoerythrin and allophycocyanin contents, decreased significantly fromUVradiation exposure. This result agrees with the decrease in photosynthetic performance observed after exposure to ultraviolet radiation, as measured by a decrease in the electron transport rate (ETR), where values ofETRmax declined approximately 44.71%. It can be concluded that radiation is a factor that affects the young gametophytes ofG. floridanumat this stage of development.
Influence of Dye Content on the Conduction Band Edge of Titania in the Steam‐treated Dye‐dispersing Titania Electrodes
Authors: Setiawan Rudi Agus , Nishikiori Hiromasa , Tanaka Nobuaki , Fujii Tsuneo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe titania and dye‐dispersing titania electrodes were prepared by a nitric acid‐catalyzed sol‐gel process. The dye‐dispersing titania contains the dye molecules dispersed on the surface of the individual nanosized titania particles. The photo‐cyclic voltammetry (Photo‐CV) and photoelectric measurements of the dye‐dispersing titania electrodes were conducted to clarify the factors changing the conduction band edge of the titania and the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the electrodes. The remaining nitrate ions caused a negative shift of conduction band edge of the titania of the dye‐dispersing titania. The conduction band edge of the titania was shifted in a negative direction in the electrode containing a greater amount of the dye. These results are due to the adsorption of nitrate ions and the dye‐titania complex formation on the titania particle surface. The effect of the dye‐titania complex formation on the shift in the titania conduction band edge was greater than that of the adsorption of nitrate ions due to strong interaction between the dye and titania through the carboxylate and quinone‐like groups of the dye. The shift in the titania conduction band edge corresponded to the change in the Voc value.
Real‐time quantitative PCR assays for the rapid detection and quantification of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli in Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) seeds
Authors: de Sousa M. V. , Machado J. da C. , Simmons H. E. , Munkvold G. P. 
Published: June 2014

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop) is a devastating pathogen that can cause significant economic losses and can be introduced into fields through infested Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) seeds. Efficient seed health testing methods can aid in preventing long‐distance dissemination of this pathogen by contaminated seeds. In order to improve detection of Fop in seed, a rapid, accurate and sensitive real‐time PCR assay (qPCR) protocol was developed for detection of Fop in common bean seeds. Seed lots of seven cultivars with infection incidence ranging from 0·25 to 20% were prepared by mixing known amounts of Fop‐infected seeds with Fop‐free seeds. Direct comparisons between SYBR Green and TaqMan qPCR methods were performed using primers based on the Fop virulence factor ftf1. The primers developed in this study produced a 63 bp product for highly virulent strains of Fop but did not produce an amplicon for nonpathogenic or weakly pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum from P. vulgaris or other hosts. Under optimized conditions, both qPCR assays detected Fop infection at low levels (0·25%); however, the results suggest the TaqMan assay was more reliable at quantification than the SYBR Green assay. Linear regression models were fitted to the relationships between results of qPCR assays and infection incidence, but the models differed among cultivars. Fungal biomass per seed differed among cultivars and was related to seed size. The results indicate that the TaqMan assay developed in this study is a useful tool for the detection and quantification of Fop in bean seeds.