bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver with an acoustic telemetry modem and arm‐folding mechanism
Authors: Kai Chen , Wenbo Wei , Ming Deng , Zhongliang Wu , Gang Yu 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe developed a new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver for detecting methane hydrate zones and oil and gas reservoirs on the seafloor, which is not imaged well by seismic reflection surveys. To determine the seafloor structure, the electromagnetic receiver should have low noise, power consumption, clock drift error, and operating costs while being highly reliable. Because no suitable receiver was available in our laboratory, we developed a new marine controlled‐source electromagnetic receiver with these characteristics; the receiver is equipped with acoustic telemetry modem and an arm‐folding mechanism to facilitate deployment and recovering operations. To demonstrate the applicability of our new receiver, we carried out a field experiment offshore of Guangzhou in the South China Sea, where methane hydrates have been discovered. We successfully obtained controlled‐source electromagnetic data along a profile about 13 km long. All six new receivers were recovered, and high‐quality electromagnetic data were obtained. Relatively high apparent resistivity values were detected. The results of the offshore field experiment support the claim that the electromagnetic data obtained using the new receiver are of sufficient quality for the survey target.
Distinguishing Between Legally and Illegally Produced Gold in South Africa
Authors: Roberts Richard J. , Dixon Roger D. , Merkle Roland K. W. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe identification of gold‐bearing material is essential for combating the theft of gold in South Africa. Material seized in police operations is generally a mixture of gold from different mines, and as such cannot be traced back to a single location. ICP‐OES analysis of material dissolved by acid dissolution provided a database of gold compositions comprising gold from South African mines, illegal gold stolen from the mines, and commercial gold alloys and jewelery. Discrimination between legal and illegal gold was possible due to the presence of Pb, As, Sb, Sn, Se, and Te in the stolen material, elements which are not present in legally produced gold. The presence of these elements is a quick and simple way to distinguish between gold alloys based on refined gold, such as in commercially manufactured jewelery, and gold alloys containing a proportion of unrefined and therefore illegally obtained gold.
Evaluation of the Postmortem Glucose and Glycogen Levels in Hepatic, Renal, Muscle, and Brain Tissues: Is It Possible to Estimate Postmortem Interval Using These Parameters?
Authors: Gümüş Alper , Gümüş Burak , Özer Erdal , Yücetaş Esma , Yücetaş Uğur , Düz Emin , Sarı Soner , Koldaş Macit 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of our study was to investigate the postmortem levels of glucose and glycogen in hepatic, renal, muscle, and brain tissues and then examine the changes in those levels that could be useful for estimating postmortem interval. We established an animal model. Seventy female BALB/c albino mice were used in this study. After being sacrificed, the mice were randomly divided into six groups according to time elapsed since death (Group 1: 0 h; Group 2: 12 h; Group 3: 24 h; Group 4: 36 h; Group 5: 48 h; and Group 6: 60 h). Glucose levels were significantly different between groups for all tissues studied. Slope of the change per unit time was higher for the hepatic glucose levels. Based on these results, it is possible to estimate postmortem interval using postmortem glucose levels in hepatic tissue. Tissue‐specific assessment may contribute valuable information to postmortem interval studies.
Development of a Real‐Time PCR‐Based Method for Analyzing Semen‐Specific Unmethylated DNA Regions and Methylation Status in Aged Body Fluid Stains
Authors: Watanabe Ken , Akutsu Tomoko , Sakurada Koichi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe detection of semen in forensic investigation is considered important evidence of sexual assault. In this study, we report the development of a real‐time polymerase chain reaction‐based method for identifying semen that can simply and rapidly analyze the semen‐specific unmethylated region of the DACT1 gene. Using two fluorescent probes designed for the methylated or unmethylated status, this method could perform quantitative analysis of the methylation status in this region. Furthermore, this method was used to analyze various body fluid samples, including 29‐year‐old semen and blood stains. The results showed that this method can detect almost exclusively semen or nonsemen signals even in highly decomposed samples, while a few semen or nonsemen samples showed slight signals of the other fluorescence probe. Although there is still a need for further analysis such as setting thresholds to analyze unknown samples, this method could be a useful supplementary tool for identifying semen, especially in old stains such as those in cold‐case investigations.
Fermentation of Allium chinense Bulbs With Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY 2013 Shows Enhanced Biofunctionalities, and Nutritional and Chemical Properties
Authors: Pan Mingfang , Wu Qinglong , Tao Xueying , Wan Cuixiang , Shah Nagendra P. , Wei Hua 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study, fermentation of Allium chinense bulbs was carried out with Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY 2013. A decrease in pH from 6.8 to 3.5 and a stable lactic acid bacteria population were observed during 7‐d fermentation. The total phenolic content increased by 2.7‐fold in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of A. chinense bulbs after fermentation. Antioxidant capacity including 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical‐scavenging effect and reducing power of both extracts was significantly (P < 0.05) improved after fermentation. Antagonistic test against 6 pathogens showed that fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the antimicrobial activity in both extracts of fermented bulbs, especially in the ethanol extracts of fermented bulbs against L. monocytogenes. Analysis of the free amino acid (FAA) profile by ion‐exchange chromatography revealed that fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) increased total FAA content. In addition, among 27 kinds of volatile components analyzed by headspace–solid phase microextraction–gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, sulfur‐containing compounds accounted for 65.23%, but decreased to 43.65% after fermentation. Our results suggested that fermentation of A. chinense bulbs with L. plantarum could improve their biofunctionalities, and nutritional and chemical properties.
Smoking cessation outcomes of referral to a specialist hospital outpatient clinic
Authors: Khara Milan , Okoli Chizimuzo , Nagarajan Vaishnavi Divya , Aziz Faisal , Hanley Catherine 
Published: August 2015

Background and objectivesHospital visits are an opportunity to engage smokers in tobacco treatment. However, little is known about engagement in follow‐up referrals. The purpose of this study is to report the rates of program engagement and smoking cessation outcomes of patients referred to a specialist outpatient tobacco treatment program after a hospital visit or other referral.MethodsA retrospective chart review was used to examine the outcomes of 486 participants referred to a hospital‐based smoking cessation clinic provided by tobacco treatment specialists. Referral sources, demographics and smoking, medical, psychiatric, and substance use history were obtained. The main outcomes of interest were engagement in the program and 7‐day point‐prevalence of smoking abstinence.ResultsSixty‐eight percent of participants who were referred to the program were considered “engaged,” of which 70% were from hospitals, 4% from community programs, 11% were from general practitioners, and 16% were self‐referrals. Thirty‐percent (98/331) of engagers were abstinent by time of chart review (30% from the hospital, 8% from community programs, 19% from general practitioners, and 39% of self‐referrals). Having quit for 1 month or longer at the past quit attempt, greater confidence in quitting smoking, lower expired carbon monoxide levels at baseline, and greater duration in the program were significant predictors of successful smoking cessation.Discussion and ConclusionProviding tobacco treatment follow‐up and referral for smokers after a hospital visit is important to enhance smoking cessation efforts.Scientific SignificanceReferral to evidence‐based tobacco treatment after hospital visits is effective. Models of tobacco treatment based on sources of referral should further be explored. (Am J Addict 2015;24:561–570)
Gestational weight gain and body mass indexes have an impact on the outcomes of diabetic mothers and infants
Authors: Maayan‐Metzger Ayala , Schushan‐Eisen Irit , Strauss Tzipora , Globus Omer , Leibovitch Leah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThis study evaluated mothers with diabetes to determine whether prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), BMI on delivery or gestational weight gain (GWG) had the greatest impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the medical charts of 634 full‐term infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus not requiring insulin (n = 476), gestational diabetes mellitus requiring insulin (n = 140) and insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 18). Data regarding maternal BMI before pregnancy and on delivery were recorded, as well as maternal and neonatal complications.ResultsInfants born to women who gained more than the recommended weight during pregnancy had higher birthweights, higher rates of meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Using logistic regression, Caesarean section delivery was predicted by gestational diabetes requiring insulin, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.76, maternal hypertension (OR 2.4), infants born large for gestational age (OR 2.78) and maternal BMI ≥30 on delivery (OR 1.06). Neonatal complications were predicted by maternal insulin‐dependent diabetes (OR 5.21), lower gestational age (OR 0.8) and GWG above the recommended amount (OR 1.56).ConclusionWomen with diabetes should be made aware that higher GWG can lead to Caesarean section delivery, infant macrosomia and other neonatal complications.
Clonal dissemination of multilocus sequence type ST15 KPC‐2‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bulgaria
Authors: Markovska Rumyana , Stoeva Temenuga , Schneider Ines , Boyanova Lyudmila , Popova Valentina , Dacheva Daniela , Kaneva Radka , Bauernfeind Adolf , Mitev Vanyo , Mitov Ivan 
Published: August 2015

A total of 36 consecutive clinical and two fecal‐screening carbapenem‐resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from two Bulgarian university hospitals (Varna and Pleven) were investigated. Susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, and plasmid replicon typing were carried out. Beta‐lactamases were characterized by isoelectric focusing, PCR, and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was investigated by RAPD and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Most of the isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance profile. Amikacin and tigecycline retained good activity with susceptibility rates of 95 and 87%, respectively. The resistance rate to colistin was 63%. Six RAPD‐ and MLST‐types were identified: the dominating MLST‐type was ST15 (27 isolates), followed by ST76 (six isolates), and ST1350 (two isolates). ST101, ST258, and ST151 were detected once. All except one of the K. pneumoniae produced KPC‐2, mostly in combination with CTX‐M‐15, while for one isolate (ST101) the enzymes OXA‐48 and CTX‐M‐14 were found. All KPC‐2‐producing transconjugants revealed the presence of IncFII plasmid. The OXA‐48‐ and CTX‐M‐14‐producing isolate showed the presence of L/M replicon type. The dissemination of KPC‐2‐producing K.pneumoniae in Bulgaria is mainly due to the sustained spread of successful ST15 clone and to a lesser extent of ST76 clone. This is the first report of OXA‐48 producing ST101 K. pneumoniae in Bulgaria.
A case of chronic suppurative otitis media caused by Kerstersia gyiorum
Authors: Uysal Elif B. , Çelik Cem , Tuzcu Nevin , Can Fevzi , Doğan Mansur , Ertürk Rahşan , Bakici Mustafa Z. 
Published: August 2015

Chronic suppurative otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid that involves discharge and hearing loss. Kerstersia gyiorum is a member of the Alcaligenaceae family that who could not be treated with classical treatments such as patients with chronic otitis media, neck abscesses. K. gyiorum strain isolated from a patient with chronic suppurative otitis media.
Mycobacterium massiliense Type II genotype leads to higher level of colony forming units and TNF‐α secretion from human monocytes than Type I genotype
Authors: Kim Byoung‐Jun , Shim Tae Sun , Yi Su‐Yeon , Kim Ho‐Cheol , Kim Bo‐Ram , Lee So‐Young , Kook Yoon‐Hoh , Kim Bum‐Joon 
Published: August 2015

Recently, we introduced a novel Mycobacterium massiliense Type II genotype from Korean patients, in which all isolates showed only a rough (R) colony morphotype. In this study, we sought to compare clinical factors and virulence potentials of two genotypes of M. massiliense, Type I and Type II. Patients infected with Type II tend to be younger at infection than those infected with Type I (56.7 vs 62.3, p = 0.051). Type II was more significantly related to R colony type than Type I (34.1% vs 94.1%, p < 0.001). The Type II strain showed significantly more colony forming units (CFUs) and higher levels of TNF‐α secretion in infection of human monocytes than the Type I strain. The challenge of extracted glycopeptidolipid (GPL) into human monocytes indicated that the loss of GPL from the cell wall of the Type II genotype led to a higher level of TNF‐α secretion in a toll‐like receptor 2(TLR2)‐dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that the M. massiliense Type II genotype shows higher virulence than Type I, which may be due to the induction of TNF‐α via the loss of GPL from the Type II cell wall.
Who should Decide for the Unrepresented?
Authors: Courtwright Andrew , Rubin Emily 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUnrepresented patients lack the capacity to make medical decisions for themselves, have no clear documentation of preferences for medical treatment, and have no surrogate decision maker or obvious candidate for that role. There is no consensus about who should serve as the decision maker for these patients, particularly regarding whether to continue or to limit life‐sustaining treatment. Several authors have argued that ethics committees should play this role rather than the patient's treating physician, a common current default. We argue that concerns about the adequacy of physicians as surrogates are either empirically unfounded or apply equally to ethics committees. We suggest that physicians should be the primary decision maker for the unrepresented because of their fiduciary duties toward their patients. As part of the process of fulfilling these duties, they should seek the advice of third parties such as ethic committees; but final end‐of‐life decision‐making for the unrepresented should rest with the treating physician.
Niche Differentiation and its Relationship with Food Abundance and Vegetation Complexity in Four Frugivorous Bat Species in Southern Mexico
Authors: Vleut Ivar , Galindo‐González Jorge , de Boer Willem Frederik , Levy‐Tacher Samuel I. , Vazquez Luis‐Bernardo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSpecies can co‐exist within a community when their use of limiting resources is differentiated. To test whether differentiation facilitates coexistence, we quantified differences and overlap in habitat use, fruit consumption, morphological characteristics, and the relationship with vegetation structure for two pairs of ecologically similar frugivorous bat species,Carollia sowelliandC. perspicillata, andArtibeus jamaicensisandA. lituratus. InCarollia sowelliandC. perspicillata, differences in body mass and wing aspect ratio were not reflected in differences in fruit or habitat use (diet overlap, 96 percent; habitat overlap, 98 percent). However, the capture rate ofCarollia sowellipositively correlated with canopy openness, and that ofC. perspicillatapositively correlated with tree height. Body mass and wing characteristics ofArtibeusspecies suggested a greater maneuverability forA. jamaicensis. Also, moreA. jamaicensisindividuals were captured feeding onFicusspp., whileArtibeus lituratuspreferred fruits of the early successional treeCecropia. However, both habitat overlap and diet overlap were higher than by chance (diet overlap, 75 percent; habitat overlap, 92 percent). The co‐existence of the four bat species in the study area may be facilitated by the abundance of the food resources forming part of the diets of bothCarolliaspecies, by the morphological differences between theArtibeusspecies, which allow the differentiation of foraging behavior in relation to fruit consumption, and by the structural characteristics of the vegetation.
Psychosocial well‐being of parents of children with oral clefts
Authors: Nidey N. , Moreno Uribe L. M. , Marazita M. M. , Wehby G. L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with oral clefts may be impacted psychosocially in several ways, but empirical evidence remains relatively sparse. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of psychosocial well‐being of parents of affected children.MethodsThe study included a total sample of 287 parents (171 mothers and 116 fathers) of children with oral clefts. Parents completed validated psychosocial instruments to measure social avoidance and distress, fear of negative evaluation scale, self‐esteem and interpersonal support. Regression analysis was used to evaluate how selected child, parent and household characteristics relate to psychosocial outcomes focusing on child's cleft type, sex and age, differences between mothers and fathers, marital status and household income.ResultsFathers had higher self‐esteem than mothers (P = 0.01) and lower concern of being negatively judged by others (P < 0.0001) but also had lower perception of having someone to talk to about their problems (P = 0.01). High household income was associated with greater self‐esteem and perception of social support (<0.05). Parents of male affected children had greater perception of social support than parents of female affected children (P = 0.04). No significant differences in parental psychosocial status measures were found by cleft type. Similarly, there is little evidence of changes with child age, except for an increase in parental distress and decline in self‐esteem during mid‐adolescence (age 15–17 years).ConclusionsThe results indicate that mothers and fathers of children with oral clefts may differ in their psychosocial adjustment and that mothers may overall experience more psychosocial problems than fathers. Also, parents from less wealthy households may be at greater risk. Parental psychosocial status should be considered in holistic family‐based treatment approaches to reduce burden on affected families and improve their well‐being.
A New Perspective on Children's Communicative Perspective Taking: When and How Do Children Use Perspective Inferences to Inform Their Comprehension of Spoken Language?
Authors: San Juan Valerie , Khu Melanie , Graham Susan A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSuccessful communication often requires a listener to reason about a speaker's perspective to make inferences about communicative intent. Although children can use perspective reasoning to influence their interpretation of spoken utterances, when and how children integrate perspective reasoning with language comprehension remain unclear. These questions are central to theoretical debates in language processing and have led to competing accounts of communicative perspective taking: early versus late integration. In this article, we examine how developmental evidence addresses the predictions of each account. Specifically, we review evidence to determine whether children can rapidly integrate perspective inferences when processing spoken language while central abilities (i.e., executive function and theory of mind) are still emerging.
Full 3D Plant Reconstruction via Intrusive Acquisition
Authors: Yin Kangxue , Huang Hui , Long Pinxin , Gaissinski Alexei , Gong Minglun , Sharf Andrei 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDigitally capturing vegetation using off‐the‐shelf scanners is a challenging problem. Plants typically exhibit large self‐occlusions and thin structures which cannot be properly scanned. Furthermore, plants are essentially dynamic, deforming over the time, which yield additional difficulties in the scanning process. In this paper, we present a novel technique for acquiring and modelling of plants and foliage. At the core of our method is an intrusive acquisition approach, which disassembles the plant into disjoint parts that can be accurately scanned and reconstructed offline. We use the reconstructed part meshes as 3D proxies for the reconstruction of the complete plant and devise a global‐to‐local non‐rigid registration technique that preserves specific plant characteristics. Our method is tested on plants of various styles, appearances and characteristics. Results show successful reconstructions with high accuracy with respect to the acquired data.
Developments in amphibian captive breeding and reintroduction programs
Authors: Harding Gemma , Griffiths Richard A. , Pavajeau Lissette 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCaptive breeding and reintroduction remain high profile but controversial conservation interventions. It is important to understand how such programs develop and respond to strategic conservation initiatives. We analyzed the contribution to conservation made by amphibian captive breeding and reintroduction since the launch of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Amphibian Conservation Action Plan (ACAP) in 2007. We assembled data on amphibian captive breeding and reintroduction from a variety of sources including the Amphibian Ark database and the IUCN Red List. We also carried out systematic searches of Web of Science, JSTOR, and Google Scholar for relevant literature. Relative to data collected from 1966 to 2006, the number of species involved in captive breeding and reintroduction projects increased by 57% in the 7 years since release of the ACAP. However, there have been relatively few new reintroductions over this period; most programs have focused on securing captive‐assurance populations (i.e., species taken into captivity as a precaution against extinctions in the wild) and conservation‐related research. There has been a shift to a broader representation of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians within programs and an increasing emphasis on threatened species. There has been a relative increase of species in programs from Central and South America and the Caribbean, where amphibian biodiversity is high. About half of the programs involve zoos and aquaria with a similar proportion represented in specialist facilities run by governmental or nongovernmental agencies. Despite successful reintroduction often being regarded as the ultimate milestone for such programs, the irreversibility of many current threats to amphibians may make this an impractical goal. Instead, research on captive assurance populations may be needed to develop imaginative solutions to enable amphibians to survive alongside current, emerging, and future threats.