bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐ray structure of a protease‐resistant mutant form of human galectin‐8 with two carbohydrate recognition domains
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Yamashita Satoshi , Teraoka Misa , Itoh Aiko , Nakakita Shin‐ichi , Nishi Nozomu , Kamitori Shigehiro 
Published: August 2012

Galectin‐8 is a tandem‐repeat‐type β‐galactoside‐specific animal lectin possessing N‐terminal and C‐terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (N‐CRD and C‐CRD, respectively), with a difference in carbohydrate‐binding specificity, involved in cell–matrix interaction, malignant transformation, and cell adhesion. N‐CRD shows strong affinity for α2–3‐sialylated oligosaccharides, a feature unique to galectin‐8. C‐CRD usually shows lower affinity for oligosaccharides but higher affinity for N‐glycan‐type branched oligosaccharides than does N‐CRD. There have been many structural studies on galectins with a single carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), but no X‐ray structure of a galectin containing both CRDs has been reported. Here, the X‐ray structure of a protease‐resistant mutant form of human galectin‐8 possessing both CRDs and the novel pseudodimer structure of galectin‐8 N‐CRD in complexes with α2–3‐sialylated oligosaccharide ligands were determined. The results revealed a difference in specificity between N‐CRD and C‐CRD, and provided new insights into the association of CRDs and/or molecules of galectin‐8.DatabaseThe atomic coordinates and structure factors of G8Null–Lac, G8Null–2Lac, G8Null–SiaLac–Lac, G8N‐free and G8N–SiaLacNAc have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank under the accession codes 4FQZ, 3VKL, 3VKM, 3VKN, and 3VKO, respectively.Structured digital abstract

G8 and G8 bind by x‐ray crystallography (View interaction)
A Case Study of Orange Juice Concentration by Recompression Evaporation Techniques
Authors: Sorour M.A. , Mostafa S.R. , Bo Samri S.M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEvaporation is commonly used by various processing industries as a method of concentrating aqueous liquid streams by vaporizing the water component. The comparison of two schemes of evaporation was studied and economically analyzed. Recompression evaporation could be defined as an evaporation process in which a part or the entire evaporated vapor is compressed by means of a suitable compressor to a higher pressure level and then condensed. Two recompression schemes were studied: (1) mechanical compression; and (2) thermal compression. Different economic items, including cost of steam, electricity, fixed cost of compressor and cost of evaporator, in addition to annual total cost for each scheme have been estimated and analyzed. The results indicated that minimum annual total cost is obtained by using a steam jet ejector scheme.Practical ApplicationsIt is essential that evaporation be approached from the viewpoint of economical energy utilization as well as process effectiveness. This can be done only if the equipment manufacturer is able to offer a full selection of evaporation technology and systems developed to accommodate various product characteristics, the percent of concentration required and regional energy costs.
Neurolaw and Neuroprediction: Potential Promises and Perils
Authors: Nadelhoffer Thomas , Sinnott‐Armstrong Walter 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNeuroscience has been proposed for use in the legal system for purposes of mind reading, assessment of responsibility, and prediction of misconduct. Each of these uses has both promises and perils, and each raises issues regarding the admissibility of neuroscientific evidence.
Recent Work on Structured Meaning and Propositional Unity
Authors: Jespersen Bjørn 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLogical semantics includes once again structured meanings in its repertoire. The leading idea is that semantic and syntactic structure are more or less isomorphic. A key motive for reintroducing sensitivity to semantic structure is to obtain fine‐grained meanings, which are individuated more finely than in possible‐world semantics, namely up to necessary equivalence. Just getting the truth‐conditions right is deemed insufficient for a full semantic analysis of sentences. This paper surveys some of the most recent contributions to the program of structured meaning, while providing historical background. I suggest that to make substantial advances the program needs to solve the problem of propositional unity and develop an intensional mereology of abstract objects.
Factor XIII‐A subunit Val34Leu polymorphism in fatal hemorrhagic stroke
Authors: Antalfi B. , Pongrácz E. , Csiki Z. , Mezei Z. A. , Shemirani A. H. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBlood coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) plays a key role in the protection of fibrin clot against fibrinolysis, in the cross‐linking of fibrin and its mechanical strength. The role of the FXIII‐A subunit Val34Leu polymorphism with fatal primary intracerebral hemorrhages (PICH) has not been studied. We evaluated retrospectively the prevalence of this polymorphism in stroke patients with fatal PICH and population control matched for age and gender. The prevalence of this polymorphism was determined for patients with fatal PICH (n = 98, female/male: 41/57) and controls. DNA was obtained from peripheral white blood cells in case of controls and from paraffin‐embedded tissue sections in case of fatal PICH. The odds for increasing the risk of PICH against the control group were 5.429, 3.286, and 7.661 for total, female, and male patients, respectively. The Leu34Leu homozygous variant of the FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism significantly increased the risk of fatal PICH stroke in men.
Molecular bases for parallel evolution of translucent bracts in an alpine “glasshouse” plantRheum alexandrae(Polygonaceae)
Authors: LIU Bing‐Bing , OPGENOORTH Lars , MIEHE Georg , ZHANG Dong‐Yuan , WAN Dong‐Shi , ZHAO Chang‐Ming , JIA Dong‐Rui , LIU Jian‐Quan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractParallel evolution provides an excellent framework to infer the genetic bases of adaptive traits and understand the importance of natural selection in shaping current biodiversity. The upper leaves of the “glasshouse plants” transform into translucent bracts that show numerous adaptions in alpine habitats. It remains unknown whether similar molecular changes occur under the parallel bract evolution of different “glasshouse” species. In this study, we compared the results on phenotypic and physiological differences and presented the results of cDNA‐AFLP analyses of transcriptional changes between translucent bracts and normal leaves inRheum alexandrae. We also examined the homologous candidate genes with the same expression changes between this species and another “glasshouse” species,R. nobile. We found that bracts ofR. alexandraeare similar to those ofR. nobilein anatomical features: chloroplasts have degenerated and chlorophyll contents are greatly reduced, which suggests that foliar photosynthetic functions in bracts of both species have been reduced or totally altered. Among the 6000 transcript‐derived fragments (TDFs) in bracts and leaves ofR. alexandrae, 420 (7%) were differentially expressed (up‐ or downregulated) between bracts and normal leaves. There were a total of 13 homologous TDFs with the same expression changes betweenR. alexandraeand the previously studiedR. nobile. Except for the two that were not functionally annotated, eight of the homologous TDFs were found to be involved in stress and defense responses whereas the other three were related to photosynthesis. The up‐ or downregulation of these candidate genes was highly congruent with anatomical characteristics and adaptive functions of the bracts found for “glasshouse” plants. These findings suggested that the “glasshouse” phenotypes may have common molecular bases underlying their parallel evolution of similar adaptive functions and highlighted the importance of the natural selection in producing such phenotypes.
A confirmatory factor analysis and validation of the forms of self‐criticism/reassurance scale
Authors: Kupeli Nuriye , Chilcot Joseph , Schmidt Ulrike H. , Campbell Iain C. , Troop Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2012

Objective: Several studies have used the Forms of Self‐Criticism/Reassurance Scale (FSCRS; Gilbert, Clarke, Hempel, Miles, & Irons, 2004) when exploring the role of emotion regulation in psychopathology. However, psychometric evaluation of the FSCRS is limited. The present study sought to confirm the factor structure of the FSCRS based on theoretical and empirical grounds in a large sample of the general population.Method: The FSCRS was completed by a large sample of men and women (N= 1,570) as part of an online survey. The data were randomly split in order to perform both independent exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). One‐, two‐ and three‐factor solutions were examined.Results: A three‐factor model of reassured‐self (RS) and the two types of self‐criticism, inadequate‐self (IS), and hated‐self (HS), proved to be the best‐fitting measurement model in this sample (χ2= 800.3, df= 148, p < .001; CFI [comparative fit index]= .966, TLI [Tucker Lewis index]= .961, RMSEA [root mean square error of the approximation]= .074). Although very similar to the original questionnaire, there were some differences in terms of the items that were retained. Validity was confirmed with the shortened FSCRS showing the same associations with mood and sex as the original version of the FSCRS.Conclusion: A three‐factor model (RS, IS and HS) provided the best‐fitting structure and confirmed the separation of different types of self‐criticism. Future research should explore the degree to which these separable aspects of self‐criticism are theoretically and clinically meaningful and to identify the role of self‐reassurance in ameliorating their effects.Practitioner PointsPositive clinical implications

The current paper has established that the FSCRS consists of self‐reassurance and two separable factors of self‐criticism (inadequate‐self and hated‐self).

The current paper refined a measure to test the role of different kinds of self‐criticism in the aetiology of psychopathology as well as evaluate outcomes following intervention.

Cautions and limitations

The current study did not recruit a clinical sample and responses from a clinical group may have revealed a different factor solution.

A high percentage of the sample was classed as ‘white’ and female so the results of this study may not be representative of the general population.
Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate (S1P) Induces S1P2 Receptor‐Dependent Tonic Contraction in Murine Iliac Lymph Vessels
Authors: Kimizuka Koichiro , Kawai Yoshiko , Maejima Daisuke , Ajima Kumiko , Kaidoh Maki , Ohhashi Toshio 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the effects of S1P on the diameter and spontaneous contraction of murine iliac collecting lymph vessels.MethodsThe isolated lymph vessel was cannulated with two glass micropipettes and then pressurized to 4 cmH2O at the intraluminal pressure. The changes in lymph vessel diameter were measured using a custom‐made diameter‐detection device. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed to confirm S1P receptors on the lymph vessels.ResultsS1P (10−7 M) had no significant effect on the frequency or amplitude of the lymph vessels' spontaneous contractions. In contrast, S1P (10−8–10−6 M) produced a concentration‐related reduction in lymph vessel diameter (tonic contraction). Pretreatment with 10−4 M l–NAME or 10−5 M aspirin had no significant effect on the S1P‐induced tonic contraction of the lymph vessels. To evaluate the intracellular signal transduction pathway responsible for the S1P‐induced tonic contractions and their Ca2+‐dependence, we investigated the effects of JTE013, VPC23019, U‐73122, xestospongin C, and nifedipine on the S1P‐induced tonic contractions. All of these inhibitors except VPC23019 and nifedipine significantly reduced the S1P‐induced tonic contractions. S1P (5x10−7 M) also induced significant tonic contractions in the lymph vessels that had been superfused with high K+ Krebs‐bicarbonate solution or Ca2+‐free high K+ Krebs solution containing 1 mM EGTA. S1P2 receptors were immunohistochemically detected in the lymph vessels.ConclusionThese findings suggest that neither endogenous NO nor prostaglandins are involved in the S1P‐induced tonic contraction of lymph vessels, which is mainly caused by Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores through the activation of S1P2 and 1,4,5 IP3 receptors.
Increased severity of dyspeptic symptoms related to mental stress is associated with sympathetic hyperactivity and enhanced endocrine response in patients with postprandial distress syndrome
Authors: De Giorgi F. , Sarnelli G. , Cirillo C. , Savino I. G. , Turco F. , Nardone G. , Rocco A. , Cuomo R. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground  Mental stress (MS) may alter gastric sensory‐motor function. The aim of the study was to assess postprandial autonomic nervous system activity and stress hormones in response to acute mental stress in dyspeptic patients.Methods  A total of 25 patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS; 11 mol L−1, age 35.9 ± 9.3 years) and 12 healthy controls (5 mol L−1, age 25.8 ± 4.6 years) underwent electrogastrography and 13C‐octanoate gastric emptying study using a 480 kcal solid meal. Heart rate variability (LF/HF ratio) and corticotrophin‐releasing factor, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol serum levels were also evaluated. Dyspeptic symptoms were scored by analogue visual scale and expressed as symptoms total score (TS). The protocol was repeated twice in each subject, with and without a mental stress test before the meal.Key Results  Mental stress significantly increased postprandial symptoms severity in patients (TS: stress 111 ± 18 vs basal 50 ± 10; P < 0.05). Low‐/high‐frequency component ratio was significantly higher in patients after MS at 120 min (stress 5.46 ± 0.41 vs basal 3.41 ± 0.64; P < 0.01) and 180 min (stress 5.29 ± 0.2 vs basal 3.58 ± 0.19; P < 0.05). During stress session, in patients we found a significantly higher ACTH level than baseline at 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, 240, and 270 min and a significantly higher cortisol level at 30, 60, 90, 120, 210, and 270 min. Gastric emptying rate and electrical activity were not influenced by MS.Conclusions & Inferences  In PDS patients, administration of MS before meal increases symptoms severity by inducing sympathetic hyperactivity and increased stress hormones levels. As the gastric emptying looks not altered, we conclude that these neurohormonal responses mainly affect sensitive function.
Identification of an intronic splicing regulatory element involved in auto‐regulation of alternative splicing of SCL33 pre‐mRNA
Authors: Thomas Julie , Palusa Saiprasad G. , Prasad Kasavajhala V.S.K. , Ali Gul Shad , Surabhi Giridara‐Kumar , Ben‐Hur Asa , Abdel‐Ghany Salah E. , Reddy Anireddy S.N. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryIn Arabidopsis, pre‐mRNAs of serine/arginine‐rich (SR) proteins undergo extensive alternative splicing (AS). However, little is known about the cis‐elements and trans‐acting proteins involved in regulating AS. Using a splicing reporter (GFP–intron–GFP), consisting of the GFP coding sequence interrupted by an alternatively spliced intron of SCL33, we investigated whether cis‐elements within this intron are sufficient for AS, and which SR proteins are necessary for regulated AS. Expression of the splicing reporter in protoplasts faithfully produced all splice variants from the intron, suggesting that cis‐elements required for AS reside within the intron. To determine which SR proteins are responsible for AS, the splicing pattern of the GFP–intron–GFP reporter was investigated in protoplasts of three single and three double mutants of SR genes. These analyses revealed that SCL33 and a closely related paralog, SCL30a, are functionally redundant in generating specific splice variants from this intron. Furthermore, SCL33 protein bound to a conserved sequence in this intron, indicating auto‐regulation of AS. Mutations in four GAAG repeats within the conserved region impaired generation of the same splice variants that are affected in the scl33 scl30a double mutant. In conclusion, we have identified the first intronic cis‐element involved in AS of a plant SR gene, and elucidated a mechanism for auto‐regulation of AS of this intron.
mRNA Localization: An Orchestration of Assembly, Traffic and Synthesis
Authors: Xing Lei , Bassell Gary J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAsymmetrical mRNA localization and subsequent local translation provide efficient mechanisms for protein sorting in polarized cells. Defects in mRNA localization have been linked to developmental abnormalities and neurological diseases. Thus, it is critical to understand the machineries mediating and mechanisms underlying the asymmetrical distribution of mRNA and its regulation. The goal of this review is to summarize recent advances in the understanding of mRNA transport and localization, including the assembly and sorting of transport messenger ribonucleic protein (mRNP) granules, molecular mechanisms of active mRNP transport, cytoskeletal interactions and regulation of these events by extracellular signals.
Ultrasonic Bonding of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Low Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Beck Joseph , Walczyk Daniel , Hoffman Casey , Buelte Steve 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Low temperature proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells currently dominate the fuel cell market, yet there are materials-, cost-, reliability-, and manufacturing-related challenges that hinder widespread commercial success of this promising technology. With regards to manufacturing, one of the main process bottlenecks is thermal bonding of electrode and membrane components into a unitized membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Recent work has shown that ultrasonic bonding can serve as a direct replacement for thermal bonding for high-temperature PEM fuel cells with dramatic reductions in cycle time and energy consumption but no significant degradation in performance. This paper investigates the possible use of ultrasonic bonding for low-temperature PEM MEAs operated at 65 °C. Polarization curves and 1000 Hz impedance were measured for MEAs with a five-layer architecture comprised of Nafion 115 membrane and carbon paper-based gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) that were thermally bonded and ultrasonically bonded using commercial equipment. The effect of membrane condition (conditioned and dry), electrode type (commercially available, custom-made with lower platinum loadings), and process conditions are investigated. Experimental results demonstrate clear trends. Both custom-made GDEs with lower platinum loading performed best suggesting that electrode architecture and composition can be optimized for ultrasonic bonding. There was little difference in performance between dry and conditioned membrane, which helps explain current industrial practice. Statistical analysis of an experimental design where ultrasonic bonding energy and pressure were varied suggests that neither parameter significantly affects MEA performance and that the process is robust. Similar analysis of thermal bonding with temperature and pressure varied suggests that temperature has a significant effect on MEA performance. However, the most important results of all experimentation are that process cycle time and energy consumption are reduced by nearly two orders-of-magnitude using ultrasonic bonding.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Cavitation and Aeration System in Dam Outlets
Authors: Nikseresht Amir H. , Talebbeydokhti Nasser , Khorshidi Hossein 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Preservation of the live storage of reservoirs is a serious challenge for most of the countries that encounter drought. Flushing of deposited sediments through bottom outlets in a dam is one of the suitable means to transport sediments toward downstream of the dam. Due to complicated conditions of flow through bottom outlets, we are facing a lack of accurate information about the various phenomena that occurs in bottom outlets such as cavitation, corrosion, and abrasion. Cavitation is the most important problem that causes remarkable damages on the lining of these tunnels. A numerical model based on the finite volume method for fully three-dimensional (3D) open channel flow equations is incorporated into a modeling cavitation and aeration system along the dam outlets. In this study, complex two-phase turbulent flow is simulated using the K-ɛ model. The pressure and velocity distribution under different conditions of gate opening and reservoir water level are computed along the tunnel and validation of the work has been obtained by comparison with measurements of a laboratory model. For both nonaerated and aerated flow, cavitation index in flow direction have been estimated and compared with each other.
On the Identification of Impedance Spectroscopy Processes of an SOFC Under Different Hydrogen Concentrations
Authors: DiGiuseppe Gianfranco , Sun Li 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
This paper reports a series of new electrochemical impedance measurements that were performed on an anode supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) tested at different anode gas conditions and at different applied voltages. This study indicates that impedance spectroscopy can resolve four different processes, as long as one of those processes does not become too large. At open circuit voltage the four processes can be resolved best; however, as a voltage is applied the processes are convoluted and cannot be resolved properly. Two of the processes seem to remain almost unchanged as the fuel conditions are changed and can be attributed to the cathode. The two anode processes change with the fuel conditions and both indicate a dependence on charge transfer and diffusion. This methodology can be applied to determine the mode or modes of SOFC degradation for long term testing where one or both electrodes are deteriorating over time.
Analysis and quantification of endovascular coil distribution inside saccular aneurysms using histological images
Authors: Morales Hernán G , Larrabide Ignacio , Geers Arjan J , Dai Daying , Kallmes David F , Frangi Alejandro F 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveEndovascular coiling is often performed by first placing coils along the aneurysm wall to create a frame and then by filling up the aneurysm core. However, little attention has been paid to quantifying this filling strategy and to see how it changes for different packing densities. The purpose of this work is to analyze and quantify endovascular coil distribution inside aneurysms based on serial histological images of experimental aneurysms.MethodSeventeen histological images from 10 elastase-induced saccular aneurysms in rabbits treated with coils were studied. In-slice coil density, defined as the area taken up by coil winds, was calculated on each histological image. Images were analyzed by partitioning the aneurysm along its longitudinal and radial axes. Coil distribution was quantified by measuring and comparing the in-slice coil density of each partition.ResultsMean total in-slice coil density was 22.0±6.2% (range 10.1–30.2%). The density was non-significantly different (p =0.465) along the longitudinal axis. A significant difference (p <0.001) between peripheral and core densities was found. Additionally, the peripheral-core density ratio was observed to be inversely proportional to the total in-slice coil density (R2 =0.57, p <0.001). This ratio was near unity for high in-slice coil density (around 30%).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate and confirm that coils tend to be located near the aneurysm periphery when few are inserted. However, when more coils are added, the radial distribution becomes more homogeneous. Coils are homogeneously distributed along the longitudinal axis.