bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis of WRF Model to Physical Parameterization for the Characterization of Coastal and Offshore Wind Patterns in Caspian Sea region
Authors: Keshtgar Morteza , Siadatmousavi Seyed Mostafa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Reliable estimations of wind speed and direction over water bodies are required for scientific and engineering applications. The optimum model parameters are varying for different locations and conditions. In the present study, the Weather Research & Forecasting Model (WRF) was employed to assess different parametrization for the Caspian Sea region for warm and cold periods. All simulations were performed for 9 different configurations for parameters related to the boundary layer. Model evaluation was performed using synoptic stations data, offshore buoy data and ASCAT remote sensing data for two representative 10-day intervals on behalf of winter and summer periods. In the southern coasts of the South Caspian Sea (SCS), the MRF planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme performed best during winter, while TEMF PBL scheme excelled in summer. The MRF PBL remains a suitable choice for year-round wind pattern simulation, except for the eastern Caspian Sea. In the eastern coasts, winter wind simulation performed well across configurations, but summer results were less favorable, with MYNN and ACM2 PBL schemes preferred for this season. In the western coast, YSU PBL stood out in winter, while MYJ PBL, was recommended for both cold and warm seasons. At the buoy station, MYNN excelled in winter, while MYJ PBL scheme performed best in summer, making it the preferred choice for year-round wind pattern simulation. The comparison with ASCAT data confirmed better model statistics during winter. The results also showed that model simulations were more accurate at offshore buoy location than at coastal stations for all configurations.
Design of greenhouse vegetable pest and disease identification method based on improved AlexNet model
Authors: Tang Ruipeng , Aridas Narendra Kumar , Talip Mohamad Sofian Abu , Xinzheng You 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

In China, many greenhouse farmers still rely on manual identification of vegetable pests and diseases. This method relies on traditional experience and intuitive observation, lacks scientific and systematic methods, which is prone to overuse in subsequent use of chemical pesticides. To this end, this study proposes a method for identifying greenhouse vegetable pests and diseases based on the improved AlexNet model. It uses the AlexNet as an image recognition model for pests and diseases and uses the ReLU6 activation function to solve the problems of poor model convergence and overfitting. It also integrates the GoogleNet Inception-v3 module to improve recognition results, which solves some problems of the AlexNet model, such as noise, poor model convergence, and over-fitting in target positioning. After compare with AlexNet, CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks), and YOLO-V3 (You Only Look Once Version 3.0) model, the IM-AlexNet model is superior to the other three models in MAP value, recognition accuracy, and loss function. It shows that the monitoring network designed in this study can better identify vegetable pests and diseases efficiently. It can help vegetable greenhouse farmers accurately and quickly identify vegetable pests and diseases, reduce the use of broad-spectrum pesticides, and save time and resources, which is beneficial to the environment and consumer health.
Effects of a daylight intervention in the morning on circadian rhythms and sleep in geriatric patients: a randomized crossover trial
Authors: Schubert Anna Theresa , Laurentius Thea , Lange Svenja , Bertram Jens , Bollheimer Leo Cornelius , Schweiker Marcel , Christoforou Rania 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE: During hospitalization, circadian rhythms and sleep are often disrupted, which has negative effects on health outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether a daylight intervention in the morning could improve the circadian rhythms of cortisol and melatonin and enhance objective and subjective sleep quality in geriatric patients.
METHODS: The present study is a randomized, two-period crossover trial conducted in a geriatric ward in 18 non-demented geriatric trauma patients with a mean age of 84.2 ± 5.5 years. All patients underwent a daylight intervention period, during which they were exposed to a daylight lamp from 8:00 h to 13:00 h, and a control period of six days each. Cortisol and melatonin levels were measured on day 5 of each period. Objective and subjective sleep quality were assessed using actigraphy and questionnaires, respectively. Within-participant differences between periods were investigated for all parameters.
RESULTS: A trend towards improvement in cortisol and melatonin rhythmicity was found. An increase in mean melatonin levels from 0.3 ± 0.1 ng/L to 0.9 ± 0.8 ng/L was observed during the intervention period (p = .063). There was also a trend towards increased sleep efficiency, whereas subjective sleep quality tended to decrease. None of the results were significant.
CONCLUSION: A daylight intervention in the morning led to a positive trend in cortisol and melatonin rhythmicity, whereas no improvement in subjective sleep quality was found.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS00028626 at German Clinical Trials Register, 13.06.2022.
High-Throughput Screening for Discovering Small Molecules Capable of Increasing the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway to Promote Hair and Nail Growth
Authors: Lee Dongyoun , Abudureyimu Gulimila , Jang Hyung-Suk , Shim Joonho , Kim MinHee , Kang Minjeong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Hair and nails serving protective roles differ in structure. Recent bioinformatics research has found that Wnt signaling is crucial for their growth. However, they show unique expression patterns of specific elements such as R-spondin, LGR receptors, and BMP. To identify small molecules that can enhance the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, assess their effects on RSPO, LGR, and BMP expression, and determine their influence on hair and nail growth. FDA-approved drugs and natural compounds (n = 5,170) were screened using HEK293 cells with TCF/LEF luciferase gene by measuring luciferase activity and cell viability. Selected drugs were tested with human dermal papilla cells to observe Wnt signaling gene expression. Three top candidates were further tested with C57BL/6 mice for hair and nail growth effects. Nine drugs were identified as significant activators of Wnt signal and categorized into antivirals (Imidocarb, Proflavine, Aminoacridine), anticancer drugs (Entinostat, Tucidinostat, Enzastaurin, Abemaciclib), and GSK-3β inhibitors (CP21R7, BIO). RT-PCR revealed that Aminoacridine and Proflavine notably increased Wnt-related genes RSPO3 and RSPO4. Aminoacridine also significantly reduced the Wnt inhibitor WIF1 gene. In animal experiments, Aminoacridine, especially combined with Minoxidil, resulted in better hair growth than other drugs and Minoxidil alone. Imidocarb and Proflavine also significantly increased toenail length. Six new drugs were discovered, with Aminoacridine and Aminoacridine combined with Minoxidil showing high potential for hair and nail regeneration via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, underscoring the need for extensive clinical trials to verify these drugs' safety and efficacy, offering hope for effective hair and nail loss treatments.
Time to decannulation failure among patients undergone tracheostomy in Rwanda. Survival Analysis
Authors: Kubahoniyesu Theogene , Tuyishime Gadeline 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Tracheostomy is essential for patients needing prolonged ventilation but studies on decannulation in Sub-Saharan Africa including Rwanda are limited. This study assesses decannulation success rates and identifying factors influencing the outcomes at the University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK).
Methodology:
This was a cross-sectional study, data on 62 patients who underwent tracheostomy at CHUK from October 2022 to September 2023 and reached decannulation were analyzed. Survival analysis was conducted using R, employing Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves to estimate median time to decannulation and Cox proportional hazards models to determine factors affecting outcomes.
Results
Decannulation failure observed from 22 patients (36.7%). The median time to decannulation was 60 days. KM indicated less decannulation median times for emergency tracheostomies (60 days) compared to elective ones (68 days) and less for females (60 days) Compared to males (68 days). Elective tracheostomy significantly improved decannulation success, with an Adjusted Hazard Ration (AHR) of 0.19 (95% CI:0.04–0.91, P = 0.039) indicating lower hazard for decannulation failure compared to emergency type. Age of a patient increased with less hazard to decannulation failure, however, the association was not statistically significant.
Conclusion
Decannulation times at CHUK are influenced significantly by the nature of the tracheostomy, with elective procedures faring better. There is a need for strategic planning in the timing and management of tracheostomies to enhance patient outcomes.
Airborne observations of fast-evolving ocean submesoscale turbulence
Authors: Torres Hector , Rodriguez Ernesto , Wineteer Alexander , Klein Patrice , Thompson Andrew , Callies Jörn , D'Asaro Eric , Perkovic-Martin Dragana , Farrar John , Polverari Federica , Akbar Ruzbeh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ocean images collected by astronauts onboard the Apollo spacecraft more than 50 years ago revealed for the first time a large number of ocean eddies, with a size between 1 and 20 km. Since then, satellite infrared, ocean color, sun glitter and synthetic aperture radar images, with high spatial resolution, have confirmed the ubiquitous presence of these small eddies in all oceans. However, observing the dynamical characteristics and evolution of these interconnected eddies has remained challenging.
An experiment was recently carried out in the California Current system using the new airborne Doppler Scatterometer (NASA-JPL DopplerScatt) instrument that observes surface velocities. With DopplerScatt, we mapped a 30 km x 100 km domain over multiple days to unveil numerous 1--20 km ocean eddies, called submesoscale eddies, that evolve over a period of a few hours. The strong interactions between eddies generate horizontal velocity divergence, implying vertical velocities reaching 250 m/day at 40 m depth. The velocity field also produces horizontal dispersion of particles over a distance of 50 km within 12 hours, which rapidly fills the turbulent eddy field. These observations suggest that submesoscale ocean turbulence may profoundly affect the vertical transport of heat, carbon, and important climatic gases between the atmosphere and the ocean interior, as well as the horizontal dispersion of tracers and particles. As such, submesoscale ocean eddies are a critical element of Earth's climate system.
Risk Factors of Dental Fluorosis and Fluoride Content in Drinking Water in the Far North Regionof Cameroon
Authors: Ebot Etta Barnabas , Agbor Ashu Michael , Naidoo Sudeshni 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Dental fluorosis is a developmental disturbance of enamel that results from ingestion of high amounts of fluoride during tooth mineralization. Consumption of untreated fluoridated ground water remains the main cause of dental fluorosis.
AIM
To establish the risk factors of dental fluorosis in three communities of the Far North Region of Cameroon.
METHODOLOGY:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted on individuals who have lived for a minimum of 6 years in Far North Region of Cameroon using structured questionnaires and oral examination. The Thylstrup and Fejerskov index was used in evaluating the severity of dental fluorosis. Fluoride contents of drinking water were analysed using fluoride electrodes.
RESULTS
A total of 1971 persons mean of age 17.15(SD = ± 16.18), (85.64%) born in the study area participated in the study. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 89.1%. Fluorosis was first observed between the ages of 1 to 10 years old, 1781(90.01%) perceived dental fluorosis to be normal, 1772(89.90%) did not know the cause of dental fluorosis in their community. A TFI score of 0 was recorded by 10.9% of the population with higher scores in females 3.04(SD = ± 2.3 SD), illiterates 3.31(± 2.45), farmers 3.49(± 2.3 SD) and those who lived in their own homes 3.06(± 2.31 SD). Sources of drinking water included borehole 61.6%, 47.4% well water,2.2% bottled water while 80% used toothpaste for brushing. One out of five commercial bottled water brands had higher than normal fluoride content (1.60mgF/L), pipe borne water 1.7mgF/L, wells 1.90mgF/L, boreholes 2.80mg F/L while 51.2% of the population presented with mild fluorosis and 23.7% severe fluorosis.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of dental fluorosis was extremely high. Consumption of ground water was the major risk factor of dental fluorosis.
Effect of different restorative materials and the ferrule height on the biomechanical behavior of endocrowns in endodontically treated maxillary and mandibular central incisors: A finite element analysis
Authors: Hashemikamangar Sedigheh sadat , Gramy Allahyar , Valizadeh Sara , Darayandeh Mohammadhossein , Behniafar Behnaz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Due to the advances in adhesive dentistry and the emphasis on less invasive principles, a treatment option for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth, called endocrown, has been presented. Using finite element analysis, this study investigated the effect of different restorative materials and the ferrule height on the biomechanical behavior of endocrowns in endodontically treated maxillary and mandibular central incisors.
Materials and Methods
A sound maxillary central incisor and a mandibular central incisor were scanned and fed into Solidworks software for modeling. Endocrowns made of lithium disilicate, zirconia, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate, and Enamic were modeled by the program. After applying the forces, the maximum von Mises stress values were analyzed in the Ansys software.
Results
The maximum von Mises stress on the endocrown, cement, enamel, and dentin of the maxillary central incisor was significantly higher than that on the endocrown, cementum, enamel, and dentin of the mandibular central incisor.
Conclusion
It is recommended that minimum ferrule be used in the central maxillary tooth to reduce the stress on the cementum. In the central mandibular tooth, using endocrowns made of Enamic is recommended because of the less stress on the cementum.
Blood flow assessment of gastric tube with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography and postoperative endoscopy during esophagectomy: Indocyanine green enhancement time indicated congestion
Authors: Sakuma Jun , Hoshino Akihiro , Fujiwara Hisashi , Ogou Taichi , Kawada Kenro , Okuno Keisuke , Tanioka Toshiro , Haruki Shigeo , Tokunaga Masanori , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
During esophagectomy, evaluation of blood supply to the gastric tube is critically important to estimate and avoid anastomotic complications. This retrospective study investigated the relationship between indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography during esophagectomy and postoperative endoscopy findings, especially mucosal color change.
Methods
This study retrospectively collected data from 86 patients who underwent subtotal esophagectomy and reconstruction using a gastric tube for esophageal cancer at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University between 2017 and 2020. The flow speed of ICG fluorescence in the gastric tube was evaluated during the operation. Additionally, the main root of ICG enhancement and the pattern of ICG distribution in the gastric tube were evaluated. On postoperative day 1 (POD1), the change in the mucosal color to white, thought to reflect ischemia, or black, thought to reflect congestion of the proximal gastric tube, was evaluated. The correlations between these factors, clinical parameters, and surgical outcomes were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses used logistic regression to identify the risk factors affecting mucosal color change.
Results
The multivariate analyses revealed that the only independent significant predictor of mucosal congestion on POD1 was the ICG enhancement time of the right gastric tube tip (odds ratio, 14.49; 95% confidential interval, 2.41–87.24; P = 0.004).
Conclusions
The ICG enhancement time was related to venous malperfusion and congestion rather than arterial malperfusion and ischemia.
Inhibitory Control, Impulsivity and Internet Addiction: Testing the Mediating Role of Oppositional Defiant Disorder Among ADHD Adolescents With and Without Gaming Disorder
Authors: Wang Yanxue , Liu Xiaoli , Wu Yiling , Liang Anli , Zhuang Wenhao , Wei Jia , Wang Beini , Chen Qi , Zhou Dongsheng , Zhang Wenwu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
To test whether inhibitory control and impulsivity are significant predictor of Internet addiction in adolescents with ADHD and ADHD + GD and whether the relationship between inhibitory control/impulsivity and Internet addiction is mediated by ODD in both groups.
Methods
154 boys (ADHD, n = 90; ADHD + GD, n = 64) were tested on their inhibitory control, impulsivity, ODD, and Internet addiction. Regression analyses were used to test the predictive role of inhibitory control and impulsivity on Internet addiction. Moreover, mediation analyses were done to test whether ODD mediated the relationship between inhibitory control/impulsivity and Internet addiction.
Results
Both inhibitory control and impulsivity were significant predictors for Internet addiction in adolescents with ADHD + GD. In addition, inhibitory control and impulsivity had both direct and indirect effects via ODD on Internet addiction in adolescents with ADHD + GD. However, inhibitory control rather than impulsivity had indirect effects via ODD on Internet addiction in adolescents with ADHD.
Conclusions
The results of this study demonstrated that inhibitory control and impulsivity contributed to Internet addiction in adolescents with ADHD + GD. Furthermore, inhibitory control and impulsivity in two groups had different results in two models, suggesting different intervention strategies should be adopted for adolescents with ADHD and ADHD + GD.
Factors Influencing the Mechanical Properties and Reaction Kinetics of Wasted Ultrabasic Tuff Used as a Binder
Authors: Zhang Tongwei , Hou Pulin , Cui Kewang , Han Yue , Yu Zihao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Ultrabasic tuff powder, a solid waste generated from manufactured sand and aggregate production without calcination treatment, contains less than 45% SiO2 stabilized in aluminosilicate. Due to its high crystallinity, few studies have explored its viability as a raw material for binder preparation. Using an orthogonal experimental design, this study revealed the impacts of three key factors on the mechanical properties of ultrabasic tuff-based binder (UTB): the mass ratio of silica to alumina (S/A), the mass ratio of sodium oxide (Na2O) to binders (N/B), and curing temperature (T). To elucidate the reaction kinetics, an array of analytical techniques, including Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were employed. The results indicate that an increase in S/A and T enhanced the dissolution degree of precursors, along with improved compressive strengths. Conversely, an increase in N/B led to a minimal reduction in the dissolution degree, with compressive strengths initially rising and then declining. The optimal combination of three factors was S/A = 5, N/B = 0.10, and T = 80°C, resulting in a maximum compressive strength exceeding 80.0 MPa. The ratio of dissolved silicon (Si) to aluminum (Al) was approximately 50:1, signifying a composition profoundly different from traditional alkali-activated binders. Additionally, the proportions of dissolved silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) were determined to be 46.38% and 4.48% of the total, respectively, suggesting that UTB comprised both reactive and unreactive components. The reactive portion, consisting of quartz, calcite, chlorite, and silica fume, forms an amorphous (N, C)-A-S-H gel, connecting with the unreactive part.
Exogenous Lactate Infusion (ELI) in Severe TBI pilot study
Authors: Vespa Paul , Wolahan Stephanie , Buitrago-Blanco Manuel , Real Courtney , Ruiz-Tejeda Jesus , McArthur David L. , Chiang Jeff , Agoston Denes , Glenn Thomas C. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-threatening critical neurological injury in need of novel medical therapies. Metabolic dysfunction occurs after TBI and may be a target for medical therapy. The objective was to explore the safety of a short term an infusion of exogenous sodium lactate (ELI) as a potential medical therapy to enhance brain metabolism.
Methods
This was a non-randomized single arm, single center observational safety study of a three-hour infusion of exogenous sodium lactate (ELI) in 16 patients with coma from severe TBI. Patients were consented and enrolled from a convenience sample of TBI patients GCS 3–8 at time of infusion. Two doses of ELI were explored with 11 subjects receiving low dose ELI and 6 subjects receiving high dose ELI. Intracranial pressure (ICP), heart rate, brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2), serum sodium, serum pH and systemic oxygenation were monitored during the infusion. Assessment for acute kidney injury, cardiac arrythmias, and acute lung injury were performed. Assessment of mortality was performed at 30 days.
Results
Both low dose and high dose ELI resulted in elevations of serum lactate concentration (mean 1.6 ± 0.9 mMol vs 5.36 ± 0.71 mMol, respectively). During the high dose ELI, point of care monitoring of blood lactate levels permitted titration in the desired range. ICP was reduced during high dose ELI (p < 0.01) but not in the low dose arm (p < 0.058). PbtO2 was transiently reduced in the high dose ELI arm. Oxidative metabolism increased by 8% as measured by changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD 2) (p < 0.006). There were no serious adverse events and no mortality in either arm.
Conclusions
A three-hour infusion of exogenous sodium lactate appears to be safe and appears to result in short term changes in ICP and brain oxidative metabolism in patients with severe TBI.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT02776488. Retrospectively Registered, and planned next stage randomized trial.
Predicting Hydraulic Conductivity using Machine Learning techniques
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Thu-Ha , Vu Duc-Quang 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The hydraulic conductivity of water-saturated soils (Ks) is a critical parameter influencing water infiltration, runoff, and drainage. However, collecting this value is always costly and time-consuming in large scale measurements. This study employs state-of-the-art machine learning (i.e., the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)) to predict K values in different spatial distribution by utilizing groundwater head values generated from the VSAFT2 groundwater flow model. An ablation study is conducted to assess the contributions of various inputs, including groundwater head values, time step, and well information in the groundwater flow model. The results show a good fit between observation and prediction, and R2 values are above 0.8 for training and testing. The uncertainty of the data is evaluated with different scenarios to find the reasonable parameters. The use of advanced machine learning techniques, demonstrates their efficiency in predicting Ks, would help in efficient spatial-temporal measurement of hydraulic conductivity, indicating valuable insights of using machine learning in the field of groundwater prediction.