bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Parallel, Open‐Label, Single‐Dose and Multiple‐Dose Clinical Trial to Investigate the Pharmacokinetic, Pharmacodynamic, and Safety Profiles of Obicetrapib in Healthy Participants in China
Authors: Zhang Jing , Cao Guoying , Huo Yong , Guarneiri Liana L. , Ditmarsch Marc , Kastelein John J. P. , Kling Douglas , Hsieh Andrew , Wuerdeman Erin , Davidson Michael H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObicetrapib is a selective cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor. Previous research has demonstrated similar pharmacokinetic (PK) responses to single doses of obicetrapib between Japanese and White males, but the PK responses have not been established in Chinese individuals. The purpose of this randomized, parallel, open‐label trial was to characterize the PK and pharmacodynamic (PD; CETP activity and plasma lipids) responses and safety of single doses (5, 10, or 25 mg; N = 36) and multiple doses (10 mg for 14 days; N = 12) of obicetrapib in healthy Chinese individuals. The maximum concentration and area under the drug concentration‐time curve of obicetrapib from 0 h to infinity increased with dose after all single doses of obicetrapib. After 7 consecutive days of dosing, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reached their minimum and maximum changes of 42% reduction and 108% increase, respectively. Primary PK and PD parameters after single‐ and multiple‐dose administration of obicetrapib were similar to those in healthy white participants in previous studies. One participant in the 5 mg dose group experienced a treatment‐emergent adverse event of decreased white blood cell and neutrophil counts, which resolved without intervention. In conclusion, these findings support the inclusion of Chinese individuals in the ongoing phase 3 clinical development program of obicetrapib.
Change in physical activity and its association with decline in kidney function: A UK Biobank‐based cohort study
Authors: Liu Qiaoling , Celis‐Morales Carlos , Lees Jennifer S. , Sattar Naveed , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Mark Patrick B. , Welsh Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research on the association between physical activity (PA) and kidney function is inconsistent. The association between muscle mass and serum creatinine (SCr) may have implications for interpreting the effect of PA on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Few studies have reported changes in physical activity and changes in kidney function.MethodsA cohort study was constructed using the UK Biobank. Changes in physical activity were self‐reported as metabolic equivalent task (MET) minutes/week. eGFR was calculated using SCr and cystatin C (CysC). Cox and nonlinear regressions with restricted cubic splines were applied to explore the association between changes in physical activity and rapid decline of kidney function (RDKF, eGFR annual decrease ≥3 mL/min/1.73 m2), and the annual change of eGFR. An exploratory analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness as the exposure was conducted.ResultsAmong 11 757 participants, the median follow‐up time was 4.4 years. Participants whose PA decreased by 1000 MET minutes/week at the follow‐up assessment had a 2% reduction in risk of developing RDKFSCr (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.00). In contrast, a 1000 MET minutes/week increase in PA was associated with a 4% reduction in risk of developing RDKFCysC (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.99). A PA increase of 1000 MET minutes/week was associated with eGFRCysC annual increase of 0.04 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.06) but no significant changes in eGFRSCr.ConclusionsIn this general population study, there are differing associations between changes in PA and changes in kidney function depending on the kidney biomarker used. Increasing PA is modestly associated with improving annual eGFRCysC and reduced risk of RDKF.
The maternal lifestyle in pregnancy: Implications for foetal skeletal muscle development
Authors: Sun Haijun , Chen Meixia , Liao Jialong , He Linjuan , Wan Boyang , Yin Jingdong , Zhang Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe world is facing a global nutrition crisis, as evidenced by the rising incidence of metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation. Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in humans and plays an important role in movement and host metabolism. Muscle fibre formation occurs mainly during the embryonic stage. Therefore, maternal lifestyle, especially nutrition and exercise during pregnancy, has a critical influence on foetal skeletal muscle development and the subsequent metabolic health of the offspring. In this review, the influence of maternal obesity, malnutrition and micronutrient intake on foetal skeletal muscle development is systematically summarized. We also aim to describe how maternal exercise shapes foetal muscle development and metabolic health in the offspring. The role of maternal gut microbiota and its metabolites on foetal muscle development is further discussed, although this field is still in its ‘infancy’. This review will provide new insights to reduce the global crisis of metabolic disorders and highlight current gaps to promote further research.
Higher serum uric acid as a risk factor for frailty in older adults: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Kang Min‐gu , Baek Ji Yeon , Jo Yunju , Ryu Dongryeol , Jang Il‐Young , Jung Hee‐Won , Kim Beom‐Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundUric acid (UA), the terminal breakdown product of purine metabolism, possesses contradictory roles, functioning both as an inflammatory mediator and as an antioxidant. Its clinical relevance, particularly in geriatric populations, remains a topic of ongoing debate. Aiming to elucidate whether circulating UA is detrimental or beneficial to human health, we investigate the association between serum UA concentrations and the frailty index—a comprehensive measure of biological aging in a nationally representative cohort of community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based, cross‐sectional study utilizing data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The sample included 4268 participants aged 65 years and above. A deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) was constructed using 38 items that assess physical, cognitive, psychological, and social domains. Based on the FI, participants were categorized into non‐frail (FI ≤ 0.15), pre‐frail (0.15 < FI ≤ 0.25), or frail (FI > 0.25). Serum UA levels were quantified through a colorimetric enzymatic assay.ResultsAfter controlling for confounders such as age, sex, socioeconomic status (including income and education level), lifestyle factors (smoking status), and medical history (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, stroke, cardiovascular diseases), and body mass index, serum UA levels were observed to be significantly higher in frail participants compared with their non‐frail counterparts (P < 0.001). Furthermore, serum UA concentrations demonstrated a positive correlation with the FI (P < 0.001), and the odds ratio for frailty per 1 mg/dL increase in serum UA was 1.22 (P < 0.001). Additionally, older adults in the highest quartile of UA levels exhibited a significantly higher FI and 1.66‐fold increased odds of frailty compared with those in the lowest quartile (P = 0.011 and P = 0.005, respectively).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that elevated circulating UA levels may act as a pro‐aging factor rather than an anti‐aging one in older adults, highlighting its potential role in accelerating biological aging. The data further support the utility of serum UA as a potential blood‐based biomarker for frailty in this demographic, contributing to the expanding evidence on its significance in geriatric health assessments.
Meeting of minds: Skinner and Michotte at the International Congress of Psychology, Stockholm, 1951
Authors: Wearden John H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis note discusses the apparently unpublished correspondence between B. F. Skinner and the Belgian psychologist Albert Michotte, preceding Skinner's visit to the Thirteenth International Congress of Psychology in Stockholm in 1951. Skinner's letters, written in French, were intended to arrange a visit to Michotte's laboratory in Leuven (then called Louvain) in Belgium, which in the end never took place, although it seems highly likely that they met in Stockholm. There is no record of the topic of the conversations they may have had, although one possible speculation concerns discussions of causality, as both Skinner and Michotte had published work relating to this topic in the 1940s, Michotte's La Perception de la Causalité and Skinner's Superstition in the pigeon. The note also discusses the way in which Skinner's visit to the Thirteenth Congress influenced the development of the experimental analysis of behavior in both Europe and Japan.
Gastric intestinal metaplasia regression in United States population: A retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: Ahmed Akram I , El Sabagh Ahmed , Caplan Claire , Lee Arielle , Cho Won K 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimGastric cancer is a health concern and contributes to cancer‐related deaths. Gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) is a premalignant lesion of gastric cancer. Currently, factors associated with GIM regression are under‐investigated. This study aims to assess the rate of GIM regression and identify factors associated with it.MethodsThis study was conducted at Medstar Washington Hospital Center. We included patients who had GIM between January 2015 and December 2020. Population was divided into GIM persistence or regression. Data included demographics, esophagogastroduodenoscopy findings, Helicobacter pylori status, and laboratory results. Statistical analyses included Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional models to explore predictors of GIM regression.ResultsAmong 2375 patients, 9.1% had GIM. Notably, 85 patients had GIM regression and 132 patients had persistent GIM. African Americans constituted (75%) of the regression group and (76%) of the persistence group. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) was noted in 12.9% of the regression group at baseline, and 5.9% at follow‐up; the persistence group showed 11.4% at baseline and 5.3% at follow‐up (P = 0.89). Regression analysis revealed that the presence of PUD was associated with a higher rate of regression (hazard ratio [HR] 2.46, P = 0.013). Smoking status showed lower rates of regression (HR 0.54 and 0.62, P = 0.038 and 0.169). On gastric mapping, African Americans, Hispanics, and individuals of other races/ethnicities displayed lower rates of GIM regression (HR 0.68, 0.78 and 0.69).ConclusionPUD was associated with a higher rate of GIM regression, while smoking showed lower regression rates. Results provide insights into factors influencing GIM regression in African American population and may inform future surveillance and treatment strategies.
Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation in severe alcoholic hepatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taha Amira M , Abouelmagd Khaled , Nada Sarah A , Mahmoud Abdelrahman M , Nguyen Dang , Sharma Sadish , Elewa Mandy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSevere alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a serious condition with few treatments. By modifying the gut–liver axis, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was proposed as a treatment for SAH. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of FMT versus the standard of care (SOC) in improving SAH patient survival rates.MethodsA thorough search of electronic databases was conducted till September 2023. The survival rates of SAH patients undergoing FMT versus SOC were compared. Using Review Manager 5.4, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.ResultsThe meta‐analysis consisted of six studies with a total of 371 patients with SAH. Patients who received FMT had significantly higher survival rates at 1 and 3 months compared to those who received SOC, with pooled OR of 2.91 (95% CI: 1.56–5.42, P = 0.0008) and 3.07 (95% CI: 1.81–5.20, P < 0.0001), respectively. However, the survival advantage disappeared after 6 months (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 0.99–8.85, P = 0.05) and 1 year of follow‐up (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.44–7.46, P = 0.41).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis highlights the potential of FMT to significantly improve short‐term survival rates in SAH patients. However, the survival benefit did not last 6–12 months. These findings call for additional research into the effectiveness of FMT over the long term, along with strategies for extending the survival benefit.
Outcomes of melphalan 140 mg/m2 followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients with co‐morbidities: Single‐centre experience
Authors: Melotti Dario , Asher Samir , Troy‐Barnes Ethan , Nesr George , Wilson William , Camilleri Marquita , Popat Rakesh , Xu Ke , Rabin Neil , Sive Jonathan , Papanikolaou Xenofon , Lee Lydia , McMillan Annabel , Yong Kwee , Kyriakou Chara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐dose melphalan followed by stem cell rescue is the standard consolidative therapy for transplant‐eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the United Kingdom. A melphalan dose of 200 mg/m2 (Mel200) is considered the “gold standard” for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) conditioning for fit patients ≤70 years old; however, with a peak diagnosis incidence at 80–89 years old in the UK dose adjustments will be inevitable to limit toxicities. In this single‐centre UK‐based retrospective analysis, data was collected from patients with plasma cell dyscrasias who underwent a first reduced‐intensity, Mel140, ASCT from 2006 to 2019, a total of 81 patients. We found that the procedure was overall safe with seven (9%) of patients requiring ITU admission and a single transplant‐related death within the initial autograft admission. The progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival were comparable with those previously reported in the literature with median PFS for our cohort of 31 months. Univariate analysis of our data showed an inferior PFS for patients aged ≥70 years. In conclusion, although this is a retrospective analysis, it demonstrates that dose‐reduced melphalan conditioning is safe and effective in patients deemed unfit for standard‐intensity conditioning.
Alterations in amygdala subregions—Default mode network connectivity after treatment in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Jianxiong , Liang Jiaquan , Yan Haohao , Zhang Chunguo , Zhang Xinglian , Li Xuesong , Huang Wei , Guo Huagui , Yang Yu , Ye Jinzhong , Ou Yangpan , Deng Wen , Xu Jinbing , Li Xiaoling , Xie Guojun , Guo Wenbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisrupted connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) during resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) is well‐documented in schizophrenia (SCZ). The amygdala, a key component in the neurobiology of SCZ, comprises distinct subregions that may exert varying effects on the disorder. This study aimed to investigate variations in functional connectivity (FC) between distinct amygdala subregions and the DMN in SCZ individuals and explore the effects of treatment on these connections. Fifty‐six SCZ patients and 51 healthy controls underwent FC analysis and questionnaire surveys during resting state. The amygdala was selected as the region of interest (ROI) and subdivided into four parts. Changes in FC were examined, and correlations between questionnaire scores and brain activity were explored. Pre‐treatment, SCZ patients exhibited reduced FC between the amygdala and DMN compared to HCs. After treatment, significant differences persisted in the right medial amygdala, while other regions did not differ significantly from controls. In addition, PANSS scores positively correlated with FC between the Right Medial Amygdala and the left SMFC (r = .347, p = .009), while RBANS5A scores showed a positive correlation with FC between the Left Lateral Amygdala and the right MTG (rho = −.347, p = .009). The rsFC between the amygdala and the DMN plays a crucial role in the treatment mechanisms of SCZ. This could provide a promising predictive indicator for understanding the neural mechanisms behind treatment and symptomatic improvement.
Long‐term snowfall trends and variability in the Alps
Authors: Bozzoli Michele , Crespi Alice , Matiu Michael , Majone Bruno , Giovannini Lorenzo , Zardi Dino , Brugnara Yuri , Bozzo Alessio , Berro Daniele Cat , Mercalli Luca , Bertoldi Giacomo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSnow is particularly impacted by climate change and therefore there is an urgent need to understand the temporal and spatial variability of depth of snowfall (HN) trends. However, the analysis of historical HN observations on large‐scale areas is often impeded by lack of continuous long‐term time series availability. This study investigates HN trends using observed time series spanning the period 1920–2020 from 46 sites in the Alps at different elevations. To discern patterns and variations in HN over the years, our analysis focuses also on key parameters such as precipitation (P), mean air temperature (TMEAN), and large‐scale synoptic descriptors, that is, the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) indices. Our findings reveal that in the last 100 years and below 2000 m a.s.l., despite a slight increase in winter precipitation, there was a decrease in HN over the Alps, especially for southern and low‐elevation sites. The South‐West and South‐East regions experienced an average loss of 4.9 and 3.8%/decade, respectively. A smaller relative loss was found in the Northern region (2.3%/decade). The negative HN trends can be mainly explained by an increase of TMEAN by 0.15°C/decade. Most of the decrease in HN occurred mainly between 1980 and 2020, as a result of a more pronounced increase in TMEAN. This is also confirmed by the change of the running correlation between HN and TMEAN, NAO, AO over time, which until 1980 were not correlated at all, while the correlation increased in later years. This suggests that in more recent years favourable combinations of temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric pattern have become more crucial for snowfall to occur. On the other hand, no correlation was found with the AMO index.
Comparative analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns and trends of three types of summer heatwaves in China (1981–2020) using a biometeorological index
Authors: Qin Yaqi , Ma Hongyun , Chen Haishan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnder global warming, heatwaves (HWs) are exerting increasing impacts on human life. In order to explore the thermal sensation of HWs under the combined influence of air temperature, humidity, radiation and wind speed, this study utilized the hourly Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) data from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) to define daytime, night‐time and compound HWs, and then comparatively analysed their occurrences in China during 1981–2020. Results revealed that daytime HWs affect the majority of regions in China with the exception of the Tibetan Plateau, while both night‐time and compound HWs mainly strike the Yangtze River Basin and the Guangdong–Guangxi region in southeastern China. Additionally, it is noteworthy that a substantial portion of regions experiencing night‐time HWs also encounter compound HWs. The frequency and intensity of all three types of HWs show increasing trends generally in regions where HWs occur. The spatial coverage of HWs grows at rates of 8.05%/10a, 2.11%/10a and 1.62%/10a for the daytime, night‐time and compound types, respectively. For each summer month, the spatial coverage of daytime HWs notably surpasses that of night‐time and compound HWs. Further classifying HWs with intensity, it is found that the spatial coverage of both moderate and severe HW events exhibits discernible rising trends across all three types of HWs. Furthermore, regions with higher HW frequencies are more likely to experience severe HWs as well as record‐breaking ones. Additionally, the spatial coverage of daytime, night‐time and compound record‐breaking HWs is expanding.
Immediate and delayed flap reconstruction have equivalent outcomes and associated costs following soft tissue sarcoma surgery
Authors: Haldeman Pearce B. , Harfouche Cyril , Rosales Ricardo , Trimm Conner , Chun Liane , Reid Christopher , Flint James H. , Chiarappa Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSurgical treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) involves wide resection of the tumor, which can necessitate soft tissue reconstruction with local or free tissue flaps. This retrospective study compares cost, surgical and oncologic outcomes between patients undergoing reconstruction with immediate versus delayed flap coverage following STS resection.MethodsThirty‐four patients who underwent planned flap reconstruction following resection of primary STS were identified retrospectively. Twenty‐four (71%) received immediate reconstruction during the index surgery and 10 (29%) underwent planned delayed reconstruction. Preoperative patient‐specific metrics, tumor characteristics, and surgical and patient outcomes were collected. Total hospital charges associated with every encounter during the perioperative period were obtained.ResultsPatient demographics, comorbidities, tumor metrics, and surgical characteristics were equivalent between groups. Postoperative wound complications, reoperations, readmissions, and disease‐specific survival did not differ between cohorts. Costs associated with each reconstruction strategy were equivalent on bivariate and multivariate testing, when accounting for operating room time, hospital length of stay, and reoperation rate.ConclusionsOur study identifies no significant difference in patient outcome measures or cost between planned immediate and delayed flap reconstruction following STS resection. These results support the implementation of either treatment strategy in keeping with patient‐centered, multidisciplinary care principles.
Conversion surgery for gastric cancer with PM
Authors: Kitai Toshiyuki , Yamanaka Kenya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the application of surgery to gastric cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis prolongs survival. Twenty studies on conversion surgery were reviewed. Key points were the response to chemotherapy, complete resection, and a low tumor burden at the time of surgery. A bidirectional approach has been developed to increase the response rate. There are two different strategies in surgery. The outcomes of ongoing trials may clarify controversial issues.
Chemotherapy switch for nonresponse or progression on neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hagerty Brendan L. , Fekrmandi Fatemeh , Schneider Tyce , Fountzilas Christos , Stiles Zachary , Kukar Moshim , Calvo Benjamin , Cherkassky Leonid 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPatients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma who do not respond to neoadjuvant therapy present a challenge. We sought to define the characteristics and outcomes of those patients to guide clinical practice.MethodsPatients included were those without evidence of biochemical or radiographic response and no evidence of distant progression at the first reassessment after initiation of therapy.ResultsOf the 45 patients in the cohort, 23 (51.1%) proceeded to surgical exploration with all but one of those undergoing resection. The median overall survival of the study cohort was 28.6 and 48.6 months in those who underwent resection. A total of 13 patients (28.9%) underwent chemotherapy switch (CS) during their course of neoadjuvant therapy. The CS cohort demonstrated higher rates of radiologic progression (25% vs. 10%, p = 0.329), new or worse vascular involvement (58.3% vs. 30%, p = 0.082), and CA 19‐9 increase (30.8% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.209) at initial re‐staging. Despite this, overall survival was similar between the two groups (20.7 vs. 28.7 months, p = 0.674).ConclusionNon‐responders to first‐line neoadjuvant therapy have poor rates of curative‐intent resection. However, resection should be undertaken when feasible. CS may be considered in patients who do not respond to first‐line chemotherapy.