bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity
Authors: Tohyama Tomomi , Yokoyama Akira , Matsushita Sachio , Higuchi Susumu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Kurihama Medical and Addiction Center began to conduct research and to provide medical care for alcohol‐related problems in 1963, when special alcoholism treatment wards were established in Japan for the first time. At first, the provision of medical care to patients was prioritized. However, training courses for specialists were initiated in 1975, and the Department of Clinical Research was established in 1984, which led to the formation of the present management structure in which the centre's staff are shared by three departments: Medical Care, Clinical Research and Education and Information. The Department of Medical Care provides specialized treatment for alcohol use disorders and medical services for other conditions, including behavioural addictions such as internet addiction and gambling disorder, as well as dementia and other psychiatric disorders. The Departments of Clinical Research and Education and Information are engaged mainly in specialized activities related to alcohol. The Department of Clinical Research conducts research on the epidemiology of alcohol use, the effects of alcohol on health and the treatment of alcohol use disorders in Japan, in cooperation with universities and other research institutions. The Department of Education and Information fosters the human capacity to achieve the primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of alcohol‐related problems and the dissemination of information on alcohol. The centre also performs alcohol‐related problem prevention activities, government consultations and international collaborative research and personal exchanges, thereby functioning as a central institution for alcohol policy‐based medical services and research in Japan.
A new gall midge of the genusDentifibula(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae), a predator of the scale insectAulacaspis australisfeeding on mangroveBruguiera gymnorrhiza
Authors: Kolesik Peter , De Faveri Stefano 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDentifibula nigroapicalis Kolesik sp. nov., a new species of gall midge, is described whose larvae were found preying on the mangrove scale insectAulacaspis australis Brimblecombe (Hemiptera:Coccoidea:Diaspididae). The mangrove scale was feeding on leaves of the mangroveBruguiera gymnorrhiza(Rhizophoraceae) inQueensland. The new species is the firstDentifibula Felt known fromAustralia.
Death Receptor 6 is Epigenetically Silenced by Histone Deacetylation in Endometriosis and Promotes the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
Authors: Kai Kentaro , Nasu Kaei , Kawano Yukie , Aoyagi Yoko , Tsukamoto Yoshiyuki , Hijiya Naoki , Abe Wakana , Okamoto Mamiko , Moriyama Masatsugu , Narahara Hisashi 
Published: September 2013

ProblemThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the involvement of death receptor (DR) 6 in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.Methods of studyEndometriotic cyst stromal cells (ECSCs) and normal endometrial stromal cells (NESCs) were isolated from ovarian endometriotic tissues and the eutopic endometrial tissues, respectively. The effect of valproic acid (VPA) on the DR6 expression in ECSCs was examined. The roles of DR6 in NESC proliferation and apoptosis were investigated with DR6 siRNA transfection. The distribution of DR6 protein in ovarian endometriotic tissues and normal proliferative‐phase endometrium was examined by immunohistochemistry. The expression of DR6 mRNA and protein in ECSCs and NESCs was also examined.ResultsDeath receptor 6 expression was attenuated in ECSCs and in endometriotic tissues, and its expression was upregulated by VPA stimulation. VPA treatment resulted in an accumulation of acetylated histone H4 in the promoter region of the DR6 gene. DR6 knockdown directed the stimulation of cell proliferation and the resistance to apoptosis in NESCs.ConclusionThe present findings suggested that DR6 is involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis by creating the proliferative and anti‐apoptotic characteristics of endometriosis. The results also suggest that histone deacetylase inhibitors are promising agents for the treatment of endometriosis.
Evaluation of an intragastric challenge model forShigella dysenteriae1 in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) for the pre‐clinical assessment ofShigellavaccine formulations
Authors: Islam Dilara , Ruamsap Nattaya , Khantapura Patchariya , Aksomboon Ajchara , Srijan Apichai , Wongstitwilairoong Boonchai , Bodhidatta Ladaporn , Gettayacamin Montip , Venkatesan Malabi M , Mason Carl J. 
Published: September 2013

Shigellosis is a worldwide disease, characterized by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and the passage of blood‐ and mucus‐streaked stools. Rhesus monkeys and other primates are the only animals that are naturally susceptible to shigellosis. A suitable animal model is required for the pre‐clinical evaluation of vaccines candidates. In this study, the minimal dose ofShigella dysenteriae1 1617 strain required to produce dysentery in four of five (80% attack rate) monkeys using an escalating dose range for three groups [2 × 108, 2 × 109and 2 × 1010colony forming unit (CFU)] was determined. In addition, the monkeys were re‐infected. The identified optimal challenge dose was 2 × 109CFU; this dose elicited 60% protection in monkeys when they were re‐challenged with a one log higher dose (2 × 1010CFU). The challenge dose, 2 × 1010CFU, produced severe dysentery in all monkeys, with one monkey dying within 24 h, elicited 100% protection when re‐challenged with the same dose. All monkeys exhibited immune responses. This study concludes that the rhesus monkey model closely mimics the disease and immune response seen in humans and is a suitable animal model for the pre‐clinical evaluation ofShigellavaccine candidates. Prior infection with the 1617 strain can protect monkeys against subsequent re‐challenges with homologous strains.
Metabolic tumor volume by positron emission tomography/computed tomography as a clinical parameter to determine therapeutic modality for early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Song Moo‐Kon , Chung Joo‐Seop , Lee Je‐Jung , Jeong Shin Young , Lee Sang‐Min , Hong Jun‐Shik , Chong Ari , Moon Joon‐Ho , Kim Ji‐Hyun , Lee Seok‐Mo , Kim Seong Jang , Shin Ho‐Jin 
Published: September 2013

Recent studies have shown that metabolic tumor volume (MTV) by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an important prognostic parameter in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, it is unknown whether doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) alone in early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma would lead to similar disease control as combined modality therapy (CMT) using MTV by PET/CT. One hundred and twenty‐seven patients with early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma who underwent PET/CT at diagnosis were enrolled. The MTV was delineated on PET/CT by the area ≥SUVmax, 2.5 (standardized uptake value [SUV]). Sixty‐six patients received six cycles of ABVD only. The other 61 patients received CMT (involved‐field radiotherapy after 4–6 cycles of ABVD). The calculated MTV cut‐off value was 198 cm3. Clinical outcomes were compared according to several prognostic factors (i.e. age ≥50 years, male, performance status ≥2, stage II, B symptoms, ≥4 involved sites, extranodal site, large mediastinal mass, CMT, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and high MTV). Older age (progression‐free survival [PFS], P = 0.003; overall survival [OS], P = 0.007), B symptoms (PFS, P = 0.006; OS, P = 0.036) and high MTV (PFS, P = 0.008; OS, P = 0.007) were significant independent prognostic factors. Survival of two high MTV groups treated with ABVD only and CMT were lower than the low MTV groups (PFS, P < 0.012; OS, P < 0.045). ABVD alone was sufficient to control disease in those with low MTV status. However, survival was poor, even if the CMT was assigned a high MTV status. The MTV would be helpful for deciding the therapeutic modality in patients with early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Lower gefitinib dose led to earlier resistance acquisition before emergence of T790M mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutated lung cancer model
Authors: Hayakawa Hiromi , Ichihara Eiki , Ohashi Kadoaki , Ninomiya Takashi , Yasugi Masayuki , Takata Saburo , Sakai Katsuya , Matsumoto Kunio , Takigawa Nagio , Tanimoto Mitsune , Kiura Katsuyuki 
Published: September 2013

Non‐small‐cell lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); however, unlike cytotoxic agents, it is generally accepted that minimal doses of drugs inhibiting target molecules are sufficient when molecular‐targeted agents, including EGFR‐TKIs, are used. Thus, any utility of higher doses remains unclear. We compared low‐dose (15 mg/kg) gefitinib therapy with high‐dose (50 mg/kg) therapy using an EGFR‐mutated lung cancer xenograft model. Both gefitinib doses induced tumor shrinkage, but tumors regrew in the low‐dose group within 1 month, whereas tumors in the high‐dose group did not. Neither the T790M mutation nor MET amplification was apparent in regrown tumors. We also compared outcomes after two doses of gefitinib (5 and 25 mg/kg) in a transgenic EGFR‐mutated lung cancer mouse model. In line with the results obtained using the xenograft model, both gefitinib doses completely inhibited tumor growth, but tumors treated with the lower dose of gefitinib developed earlier drug resistance. In conclusion, a low gefitinib dose caused tumors to become drug‐resistant prior to acquisition of the T790M mutation or MET amplification in EGFR‐mutated models of lung cancer. This suggests that it is important to optimize the EGFR‐TKI dose for treatment of EGFR mutation‐associated lung cancer. Gefitinib may need to be given at a dose greater than the minimum required for inhibition of target molecules.
Elevated serum IGF‐I, but unaltered sex steroid levels, in healthy boys with pubertal gynaecomastia
Authors: Mieritz Mikkel G. , Sorensen Kaspar , Aksglaede Lise , Mouritsen Annette , Hagen Casper P. , Hilsted Linda , Andersson Anna‐Maria , Juul Anders 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectivePubertal gynaecomastia is a very common condition. Although the underlying aetiology is poorly understood, it is generally accepted that excess of oestrogens and deficit of androgens are involved in the pathogenesis. Furthermore, adiposity as well as the GH/IGF‐I axis may play a role. In this study, we elucidate the association of adiposity and levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, oestrogen, IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 with the presence of pubertal gynaecomastia in a large cohort of healthy boys.PatientsA total of 501 healthy Danish school boys (aged 6·1–19·8 year) from the COPENHAGEN Puberty Study.MeasurementsAnthropometry and pubertal stages (PH1‐6 and G1‐5) were evaluated, and the presence of gynaecomastia was assessed. Body fat percentage was calculated by means of four skin folds and impedance. Nonfasting blood samples were analysed for FSH, LH, testosterone, SHBG, oestradiol, IGF‐I, IGFBP‐3 and prolactin.ResultsWe found that 23% (31/133) of all pubertal boys had gynaecomastia. More specifically, 63% (10/16) of boys in genital stage 4 had gynaecomastia. Boys with gynaecomastia had significantly higher IGF‐I levels compared with controls (IGF‐I SD‐score 0·72 vs −0·037, P < 0·001). This difference was maintained after adjusting for confounders (age and pubertal stage). Sex steroid levels, oestradiol/testosterone ratio or free testosterone were not associated with the presence of gynaecomastia with or without adjustment for confounders.ConclusionsIGF‐I levels were elevated in healthy boys with pubertal gynaecomastia compared with boys without gynaecomastia, whereas sex steroid levels did not differ. We speculate that the GH‐IGF‐I axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of pubertal gynaecomastia.
Review: comparison of PET rubidium‐82 with conventional SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Ghotbi Adam A. , Kjær Andreas , Hasbak Philip 
Published: September 2013

SummaryNuclear cardiology has for many years been focused on gamma camera technology. With ever improving cameras and software applications, this modality has developed into an important assessment tool for ischaemic heart disease. However, the development of new perfusion tracers has been scarce. While cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) so far largely has been limited to centres with on‐site cyclotron, recent developments with generator produced perfusion tracers such as rubidium‐82, as well as an increasing number of PET scanners installed, may enable a larger patient flow that may supersede that of gamma camera myocardial perfusion imaging.
Here's looking at you, kid: attention to infant emotional faces in mothers and non‐mothers
Authors: Thompson‐Booth Chloe , Viding Essi , Mayes Linda C. , Rutherford Helena J.V. , Hodsoll Sara , McCrory Eamon J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInfant facial cues play a critical role in eliciting care and nurturance from an adult caregiver. Using an attentional capture paradigm we investigated attentional processing of adult and infant emotional facial expressions in a sample of mothers (n = 29) and non‐mothers (n = 37) to determine whether infant faces were associated with greater task interference. Responses to infant target stimuli were slower than adult target stimuli in both groups. This effect was modulated by parental status, such that mothers compared to non‐mothers showed longer response times to infant compared to adult faces. Both groups also responded more slowly to emotional faces, an effect that was more marked for infant emotional faces. Finally, it was found that greater levels of mothers' self‐reported parental distress was associated with less task interference when processing infant faces. These findings indicate that for adult women, infant faces in general and emotional infant faces in particular, preferentially engage attention compared to adult faces. However, for mothers, infant faces appear to be more salient in general. Therefore, infant faces may constitute a special class of social stimuli. We suggest that alterations in attentional processing in motherhood may constitute an adaptive behavioural change associated with becoming a parent.
From Financialization to Sociospatial Polarization of the City? Evidence fromCanada
Authors: Walks Alan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFinancialization is a key attribute of globalized neoliberal capitalism. Among other things, it is associated with rising household indebtedness, which has certainly been true inCanada. Another widely recognized trait of neoliberal capitalism is growing social inequality and polarization. However, despite growing awareness and understanding of the relationships between debt and inequality at the household, national, and international scales, it remains unclear what role household debt may have in fashioning patterns of income segregation within the metropolis and how it may be related to processes of urban economic restructuring. This article seeks to fill this gap through an empirical analysis of the spatial distribution of household debt and its relationship to prevailing patterns of neighborhood income inequality within Canadian metropolitan areas. The effects of household debt in either ameliorating or exacerbating prevailing levels of income segregation are analyzed, after which the metropolitan‐level factors that are associated with regressive neighborhood distributions of debt are examined. The implications of the results for understanding the relationship between financialization and predominant patterns of urban economic restructuring are then discussed.
Reproducibility in Echocardiographic Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Mitral Valve Assessment
Authors: Hien Maximilian Dominik , Großgasteiger Manuel , Weymann Alexander , Rauch Helmut , Rosendal Christian 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThree‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) has been demonstrated to provide more accurate information than two‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) in the localization of mitral valve prolapse (MVP). However, most studies have been single‐rater studies. Few results were tested for inter‐observer variability with a single second rater. This multicenter study aimed to determine reliability of 2D and 3DTEE mitral valve evaluations by calculating inter‐observer agreement between various echocardiographers.MethodsFifteen observers from 4 institutions in Germany and Switzerland interpreted 2D and 3DTEE images from 6 patients selected to represent a large spectrum of MVP diversity. Surgical findings served as reference. Individual assessments of MVP and ruptured chordae tendineae (ChR) pathology were compared by calculating Randolph's free‐marginal multirater kappa coefficient.ResultsAccuracy of MVP evaluation with 3DTEE was 83.9%, CI [81.0%; 86.8%] and 78.7% CI [76.6% 80.8%] with 2DTEE. Flail leaflets with chordal ruptures were described correctly in 91.1%, CI [85.8, 96.4] with 3D compared to 71.1%, CI [65.0, 77.2] with 2DTEE. The multirater kappa coefficient of inter‐observer agreement among all 15 observers was κ = 0.65/0.58 for 3D/2D evaluation of MVP and κ = 0.70/0.54 for detection of ChR.ConclusionThree‐dimensional assessment of MVP was superior to 2DTEE, although the accuracy of both 3DTEE and 2DTEE was found to be lower than previously published. 3D MVP assessment is less operator dependent than 2DTEE evaluation. Although validity has been demonstrated before, we provide evidence that 3DTEE is reproducible among 15 observers and is a reliable method for MVP evaluation.
Aorto‐Right Atrial Fistula at Aortotomy Site Following Surgical Myectomy
Authors: Kalra Ankur , Kohl Louis P. , Asinger Richard W. , Bachour Fouad A. , Van Camp Joseph R. , Ayenew Woubeshet , Bart Bradley A. 
Published: September 2013

Mini‐AbstractAorto‐right atrial fistula (A‐RAF) is a rare condition that has been reported as a postsurgical complication following cardiac surgery. Diagnosing A‐RAF can be challenging, and requires a high index of suspicion. In our patient, following surgical myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection occurred at the aortotomy site that was then contained by postsurgical adhesions, leading to formation of A‐RAF.
Molecular profiling of EGFR family in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlation with airway obstruction
Authors: Anagnostis Aristotelis , Neofytou Eirini , Soulitzis Nikolaos , Kampas Dimitris , Drositis Ioannis , Dermitzaki Despina , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Schiza Sofia , Siafakas Nikolaos M. , Tzortzaki Eleni G. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundGrowth factors mediate various cellular responses to environmental stimuli. Specifically, exposure of lung epithelium to oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke stimulates aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB) family activation. This study's objective was to evaluate the expression of ERBB1–4 receptors in the lung tissue of smokers with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methodsERBBs expression was measured by microarray analysis in lung tissue samples from five patients with COPD and five non‐COPD smokers, and by quantitative real‐time PCR in additional 20 patients with COPD (GOLD stage II), 15 non‐COPD smokers and 10 nonsmoker controls.ResultsMicroarray data analysis revealed that ERBB receptors expression was elevated in patients with COPD compared to non‐COPD smokers, ranging from 1·62‐ to 2·45‐fold, (P < 0·01). Real‐time qPCR verified that patients with COPD had higher ERBB1–3 expression levels compared with non‐COPD smokers (PERBB1 < 0·001; PERBB2 = 0·003; PERBB3 = 0·003) and nonsmokers (PERBB1 = 0·019; PERBB2 = 0·005; PERBB3 = 0·011). On the other hand, ERBB4 mRNA levels gradually increased from nonsmokers (0·74 ± 0·19) to non‐COPD smokers (1·11 ± 0·05) to patients with COPD (1·57 ± 0·28) and were correlated with the degree of airflow obstruction (PFEV1 < 0·001).DiscussionThese data suggest that ERBB1–3 overexpression is not related only to smoking exposure but probably to epithelial remodelling and mucociliary system distortion, characterizing COPD. Additionally, the inverse correlation of ERBB4 with FEV1 exhibits a possible link between ERBB4 and COPD severity.
Fractalkine/CX3CL1 modulates GABAA currents in human temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Roseti Cristina , Fucile Sergio , Lauro Clotilde , Martinello Katiuscia , Bertollini Cristina , Esposito Vincenzo , Mascia Addolorata , Catalano Myriam , Aronica Eleonora , Limatola Cristina , Palma Eleonora 
Published: September 2013

SummaryPurposeThe chemokine fractalkine/CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 are widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent evidence showed that CX3CL1 participates in inflammatory responses that are common features of CNS disorders, such as epilepsy. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the prevalent form of focal epilepsy in adults, and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) represents the most common underlying pathologic abnormality, as demonstrated at autopsy and postresection studies. Relevant features of MTLE are a characteristic pattern of neuronal loss, as are astrogliosis and microglia activation. Several factors affect epileptogenesis in patients with MTLE, including a lack of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory efficacy. Therefore, experiments were designed to investigate whether, in MTLE brain tissues, CX3CL1 may influence GABAA receptor (GABAAR) mediatedtransmission, with a particular focus on the action of CX3CL1 on the use‐dependent decrease (rundown) of the GABA‐evoked currents (IGABA), a feature underlying the reduction of GABAergic function in epileptic tissue.MethodsPatch‐clamp recordings were obtained from cortical pyramidal neurons in slices from six MTLE patients after surgery. Alternatively, the cell membranes from epileptic brain tissues of 17 MTLE patients or from surgical samples and autopsies of nonepileptic patients were microtransplanted into Xenopus oocytes, and IGABA were recorded using the standard two‐microelectrode voltage‐clamp technique. Immunohistochemical staining and double‐labeling studies were carried out on the same brain tissues to analyze CX3CR1 expression.Key FindingsIn native pyramidal neurons from cortical slices of patients with MTLE, CX3CL1 reduced IGABA rundown and affected the recovery of IGABA amplitude from rundown. These same effects were confirmed in oocytes injected with cortical and hippocampal MTLE membranes, whereas CX3CL1 did not influence IGABA in oocytes injected with nonepileptic tissues. Consistent with a specific effect of CX3CL1 on tissues from patients with MTLE, CX3CR1 immunoreactivity was higher in MTLE sclerotic hippocampi than in control tissues, with a prominent expression in activated microglial cells.SignificanceThese findings indicate a role for CX3CL1 in MTLE, supporting recent evidence on the relevance of brain inflammation in human epilepsies. Our data demonstrate that in MTLE tissues the reduced GABAergic function can be modulated by CX3CL1. The increased CX3CR1 expression in microglia and the modulation by CX3CL1 of GABAergic currents in human epileptic brain suggests new therapeutic approaches for drug‐resistant epilepsies based on the evidence that the propagation of seizures can be influenced by inflammatory processes.