bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated levels of antibiotic resistance genes as a factor of human‐caused global environmental change
Authors: Rillig Matthias C. , Li Changchao , Rodríguez del Río Álvaro , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Jin Ling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have moved into focus as a critically important response variable in global change biology, given the increasing environmental and human health threat posed by these genes. However, we propose that elevated levels of ARGs should also be considered a factor of global change, not just a response. We provide evidence that elevated levels of ARGs are a global change factor, since this phenomenon is linked to human activity, occurs globally, and affects biota. We explain why ARGs could be considered the global change factor, rather than the organisms containing them; and we highlight the difference between ARGs and the presence of antibiotics, which are not necessarily linked since elevated levels of ARGs are caused by multiple factors. Importantly, shifting the perspective to elevated levels of ARGs as a factor of global change opens new avenues of research, where ARGs can be the experimental treatment. This includes asking questions about how elevated ARG levels interact with other global change factors, or how ARGs influence ecosystem processes, biodiversity or trophic relationships. Global change biology stands to profit from this new framing in terms of capturing more completely the real extent of human impacts on this planet.
Canopy and understory nitrogen additions differently affect soil microbial residual carbon in a temperate forest
Authors: Chen Yuanqi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xu , Stevens Carly , Fu Shenglei , Feng Teng , Li Xiaowei , Chen Quan , Liu Shirong , Hu Shuijin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAtmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in forests can affect soil microbial growth and turnover directly through increasing N availability and indirectly through altering plant‐derived carbon (C) availability for microbes. This impacts microbial residues (i.e., amino sugars), a major component of soil organic carbon (SOC). Previous studies in forests have so far focused on the impact of understory N addition on microbes and microbial residues, but the effect of N deposition through plant canopy, the major pathway of N deposition in nature, has not been explicitly explored. In this study, we investigated whether and how the quantities (25 and 50 kg N ha−1 year−1) and modes (canopy and understory) of N addition affect soil microbial residues in a temperate broadleaf forest under 10‐year N additions. Our results showed that N addition enhanced the concentrations of soil amino sugars and microbial residual C (MRC) but not their relative contributions to SOC, and this effect on amino sugars and MRC was closely related to the quantities and modes of N addition. In the topsoil, high‐N addition significantly increased the concentrations of amino sugars and MRC, regardless of the N addition mode. In the subsoil, only canopy N addition positively affected amino sugars and MRC, implying that the indirect pathway via plants plays a more important role. Neither canopy nor understory N addition significantly affected soil microbial biomass (as represented by phospholipid fatty acids), community composition and activity, suggesting that enhanced microbial residues under N deposition likely stem from increased microbial turnover. These findings indicate that understory N addition may underestimate the impact of N deposition on microbial residues and SOC, highlighting that the processes of canopy N uptake and plant‐derived C availability to microbes should be taken into consideration when predicting the impact of N deposition on the C sequestration in temperate forests.
Nitrogen deposition differentially regulates the sensitivity of gross primary productivity to extreme drought versus wetness
Authors: Peng Jinlong , Ma Fangfang , Quan Quan , Liao Jiaqiang , Chen Chen , Wang Yiheng , Tang Jiwang , Sun Chuanlian , Zhou Qingping , Niu Shuli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal hydroclimatic variability is increasing with more frequent extreme dry and wet years, severely destabilizing terrestrial ecosystem productivity. However, what regulates the consequence of precipitation extremes on productivity remains unclear. Based on a 9‐year field manipulation experiment on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, we found that the responses of gross primary productivity (GPP) to extreme drought and wetness were differentially regulated by nitrogen (N) deposition. Over increasing N deposition, extreme dry events reduced GPP more. Among the 12 biotic and abiotic factors examined, this was mostly explained by the increased plant canopy height and proportion of drought‐sensitive species under N deposition, making photosynthesis more sensitive to hydraulic stress. While extreme wet events increased GPP, their effect did not shift over N deposition. These site observations were complemented by a global synthesis derived from the GOSIF GPP dataset, which showed that GPP sensitivity to extreme drought was larger in ecosystems with higher N deposition, but GPP sensitivity to extreme wetness did not change with N deposition. Our findings indicate that intensified hydroclimatic variability would lead to a greater loss of land carbon sinks in the context of increasing N deposition, due to that GPP losses during extreme dry years are more pronounced, yet without a synchronous increase in GPP gains during extreme wet years. The study implies that the conservation and management against climate extremes merit particular attention in ecosystems subject to N deposition.
Are Syrians in Türkiye vulnerable to ‘epistemic injustice’?: A ‘narrative inquiry’ in the case of Bursa
Authors: Erayman İbrahim Oğulcan , Çağlar Ahmed Burak , Küçükalp Derda , Gayırhan Günhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether Syrians under temporary protection status in Türkiye vulnerable to epistemic injustice from the host society, exploring implications and transformation of these approaches. It provides a framework for understanding how the host society perceives Syrian refugees, assessing credibility within identified narrative motifs. The study focuses on the host community's narrative, revealing negative stereotypes and testimonial injustices faced by Syrians (as traitors and economic migrants). Interestingly, no correlation exists between exposure to epistemic injustice and anti‐Syrian sentiments. To conclude, participants who do not identify as anti‐Syrian or see Syrians as beneficial still deny epistemic agency of Syrians.
Peripheral blood MR1 tetramer‐positive mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cell function is modulated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in patients with active tuberculosis
Authors: Zhou Chao‐Ying , Yang Ya‐Long , Han Zhen‐Yu , Chen Yao‐Xin , Liu Hong‐Lin , Fan Ke , Li Ming‐Chong , Tu Si‐Hang , Wen Qian , Zhou Xin‐Ying , Ma Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is still an urgent global public health problem. Notably, mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in early anti‐TB immune response. Targeted control of them may be an effective method to improve vaccine efficacy and TB treatment. However, the biology and signal regulation mechanisms of MAIT cells in TB patients are still poorly understood. Previous studies have been limited by the lack of reagents to specifically identify MAIT cells. In addition, the use of alternative markers may subsume non‐MAIT cell into MAIT cell populations. In this study, the human MR1 tetramer which can specifically identify MAIT cells was used to further explore the effect and mechanism of MAIT cells in anti‐TB immune response. Our results showed that the tetramer+ MAIT cells in peripheral blood of TB patients were mainly CD8+ or CD4−CD8− cells, and very few were CD4+ cells. After BCG infecting autologous antigen‐presenting cells, MAIT cells in patients produced significantly higher levels of cytokines, lysis and proliferation compared with healthy controls. After suppression of mTORC1 by the mTORC1‐specific inhibitor rapamycin, the immune response of MAIT cells in patients was significantly reduced. This study demonstrates that peripheral blood tetramer+ MAIT cells from TB patients have significant anti‐TB immune effect, which is regulated by mTORC1. This could provide ideas and potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel anti‐TB immunotherapy.
Of the importance to reconsider individual variability in infant studies: Family traits do impact turn‐taking perception in 6‐month‐olds
Authors: Meunier Bastien , Barbu Stéphanie , Rabiller Alice , Dollion Nicolas , Lemasson Alban , Durier Virginie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTurn‐taking is a universal pattern of human conversations characterized by a fast exchange of turns between speakers and an avoidance of overlaps. Language is embedded in this conversational skill acquired well before it during infancy, through everyday interactions with caregivers. The earliness of this skill and its link with language allows us to test whether social environment shapes early language development. We therefore study turn‐taking perception of 6‐month‐old infants by measuring their gazes during video presentation of three different conversational situations where the turn is explicitly given, normally taken or taken with an overlap. We studied 51 infants to cover several family and infant characteristics: infants' sex, presence of siblings, and family socioeconomic status (SES). We found that infants looked more at the second speaker when she overlapped the first speaker than in the other situations, but not all infants were equally sensitive. Indeed, infants from high‐SES families reacted differently to the three situations, while infants from the two lower SES categories did not. Also, only singletons reacted differently by looking more at the second speaker after the overlapping and turn‐giving situations, and not after the turn‐taking situation. Our results emphasize the importance of early social experiences on language development.
Green light mediates atypical photomorphogenesis by dual modulation of Arabidopsis phytochromes B and A
Authors: Xu Miqi , Wang Yi‐Yuan , Wu Yujie , Zhou Xiuhong , Shan Ziyan , Tao Kunying , Qian Kaiqiang , Wang Xuncheng , Li Jian , Wu Qingqing , Deng Xing Wang , Ling Jun‐Jie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough green light (GL) is located in the middle of the visible light spectrum and regulates a series of plant developmental processes, the mechanism by which it regulates seedling development is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that GL promotes atypical photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana via the dual regulations of phytochrome B (phyB) and phyA. Although the Pr‐to‐Pfr conversion rates of phyB and phyA under GL were lower than those under red light (RL) in a fluence rate‐dependent and time‐dependent manner, long‐term treatment with GL induced high Pfr/Pr ratios of phyB and phyA. Moreover, GL induced the formation of numerous small phyB photobodies in the nucleus, resulting in atypical photomorphogenesis, with smaller cotyledon opening angles and longer hypocotyls in seedlings compared to RL. The abundance of phyA significantly decreased after short‐ and long‐term GL treatments. We determined that four major PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs: PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5) act downstream of phyB in GL‐mediated cotyledon opening. In addition, GL plays opposite roles in regulating different PIFs. For example, under continuous GL, the protein levels of all PIFs decreased, whereas the transcript levels of PIF4 and PIF5 strongly increased compared with dark treatment. Taken together, our work provides a detailed molecular framework for understanding the role of the antagonistic regulations of phyB and phyA in GL‐mediated atypical photomorphogenesis.
Phonetic cues to depression: A sociolinguistic perspective
Authors: Hall‐Lew Lauren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhonetic data are used in several ways outside of the core field of phonetics. This paper offers the perspective of one such field, sociophonetics, towards another, the study of acoustic cues to clinical depression. While sociophonetics is interested in how, when, and why phonetic variables cue information about the world, the study of acoustic cues to depression is focused on how phonetic variables can be used by medical professionals as tools to diagnosis. The latter is only interested in identifying phonetic cues to depression, while the former is interested in how phonetic variation cues anything at all. While the two fields fundamentally differ with respect to ontology, epistemology, and methodology, I argue that there are, nonetheless, possible avenues for future engagement, collaboration, and investigation. Ultimately, both fields need to engage with Crip Linguistics for any successful intervention on the relationship between speech and depression.
Intracardiac vascular access in haemodialysis: A last resort for exhausted traditional access
Authors: Narváez Mejía Carlos , Singh Arshdeep , Villanego Florentino , Naranjo Javier , Cazorla Lopez Juan Manuel , Daroca Martínez Tomas , Alonso Mozo Marta , Amaro Martín Jose Manuel , Ceballos Manuel , Mazuecos Auxiliadora 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDepletion of veins for dialysis access is a challenging life threatening situation for patients in need of haemodialysis. The utilisation of intracardiac catheter is a rare procedure with scarce reported experience. We describe the case of a 68‐year‐old male that contributes to the limited knowledge of performing a life‐saving intracardiac catheter placement for emergency haemodialysis in a patient without immediate alternative renal replacement therapy available. We also retrospectively analyse the experience reported so far and summarise complications and outcomes. In our case, the patient was able to pursue haemodialysis after intracardiac catheter placement without any complications. Two weeks later, the patient successfully received a kidney transplant from a deceased donor and has a serum creatinine of 1.7 mg/dL after 2 years of follow‐up. There are only four reported cases of kidney transplantation after the procedure, including our own. Intracardiac catheter is an emerging option that could be considered in certain patients as the last resort. Further investigation with regards to patient candidacy and procedure security are necessary.
Development of the Critically Ill Patient Eye Assessment Scale: A study of validity and reliability
Authors: Bayrak Kahraman Burcu , Acun Aysun , Sözeri Öztürk Elif , Kirca Kamile 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEye care and assessment of the eye are critical for intensive care patients to prevent ocular complications like dry eye and corneal abrasion. However, there is no measurement tool developed for intensive care patients that examines the risks of ocular complications.AimsThis study aimed to develop a valid and reliable tool, the Critically Ill Patient Eye Assessment Scale (CIPEAS), for assessing the risk of ocular complications and determining the frequency of eye care.Study designThis study is an instrument development study. This methodological study was conducted with 151 intensive care patients in Turkey between March 2022 and March 2023. Data were collected with the Patient Information Form and the CIPEAS. The data were evaluated using SPSS 23 statistical software. AMOS 21 was used to verify the structure obtained with CFA. Exploration and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the scale's factorial structure.ResultsAs a result of exploratory factor analysis, a six‐item scale consisting of a single dimension was obtained, explaining 59.993% of the total variance. The fit indices of the scale were found to be χ2/SD = 2.653, GFI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.075, NFI = 0.949 and CFI = 0.967. Cronbach's alpha of the scale was found to be 0.862.ConclusionThe CIPEAS was found to be a valid and reliable assessment tool.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe Critically Ill Patient Eye Assessment Scale is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish society for assessing the risk of ocular complications. It is recommended for various national and international studies with different patients in intensive care units.
Tip of the iceberg? Three novel TOPLESS‐interacting effectors of the gall‐inducing fungus Ustilago maydis
Authors: Khan Mamoona , Uhse Simon , Bindics Janos , Kogelmann Benjamin , Nagarajan Nithya , Tabassum Riaz , Ingole Kishor D. , Djamei Armin 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic pathogen causing smut disease in maize. It secretes a cocktail of effector proteins, which target different host proteins during its biotrophic stages in the host plant. One such class of proteins we identified previously is TOPLESS (TPL) and TOPLESS‐RELATED (TPR) transcriptional corepressors.

Here, we screened 297 U. maydis effector candidates for their ability to interact with maize TPL protein RAMOSA 1 ENHANCER LOCUS 2 LIKE 2 (RELK2) and their ability to induce auxin signaling and thereby identified three novel TPL‐interacting protein effectors (Tip6, Tip7, and Tip8).

Structural modeling and mutational analysis allowed the identification of TPL‐interaction motifs of Tip6 and Tip7. In planta interaction between Tip6 and Tip7 with RELK2 occurs mainly in nuclear compartments, whereas Tip8 colocalizes with RELK2 in a compartment outside the nucleus. Overexpression of Tip8 in nonhost plants leads to cell death, indicating recognition of the effector or its activity.

By performing infection assays with single and multideletion mutants of U. maydis, we demonstrate a positive role of Tip6 and Tip7 in U. maydis virulence. Transcriptional profiling of maize leaves infected with Tip effector mutants in comparison with SG200 strain suggests Tip effector activities are not merely redundant.
Association between handgrip strength and physical activity: A nationwide population‐based study in Korea
Authors: Shin Hye Young , Kim Ka Young , Kang Purum 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and physical activity (PA) at different levels in Korean adults for the purpose of providing direction for increasing HGS, which represents muscular strength, and increasing understanding of PA and HGS.MethodsThis study targeted adults aged ≥30 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014–2019), including 31,888 participants for analysis. HGS was defined as the maximum value of the three measurements of the dominant hand. PA was defined as an activity that causes shortness of breath or a fast heartbeat. Data were weighted according to survey district and household data; p < .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn men, HGS in those aged 30–64 years was significantly associated with high‐intensity PA and in those aged ≥65 years was associated with moderate‐intensity PA. In women, HGS in those aged 30–64 years was also significantly associated with high‐intensity PA, and in those aged ≥65 years, it was significantly associated with both moderate‐ and high‐intensity PA. Moreover, compared to participants who did not participate in weight training, those who participated showed higher HGS in both sexes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated age‐ and sex‐specific characteristics of the association between HGS and PA in Koreans. The findings suggest the importance of managing health by considering differences in age‐ and sex‐related PA. In particular, this study suggests that adequate PA is necessary despite its importance of PA for elderly individuals.
Experimental Evaluation of an Electric Powertrain Designed for a 180-kW Turboelectric Aircraft Ground Test Rig
Authors: Johnsen Joshua , Melvin Joshua , Drake Joshua , Jdiobe Muwanika , Rouser Kurt 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the experimental results of a representative aircraft turbo-electric powertrain. The 180-kW hybrid gas-electric ground test rig was designed, fabricated, and experimentally evaluated. Hybrid turbo-electric power systems are an enabler for future medium- to long-range electrified aircraft, offering higher energy density over current battery technologies. Previous studies have focused on analytical models of turbo-electric power systems. However, as industry stakeholders continue to advance toward implementing turbo-electric parallel hybrid aircraft, there is a lack of practical knowledge regarding their implementation. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, the study aims to evaluate the real-time transient performance of turbo-electric aircraft. The second objective aims to characterize the real-world challenges of safely constructing and operating a hybrid turbo-electric aircraft. To accomplish both objectives, a turboprop-powered ground test vehicle was designed and fabricated. The ground test vehicle was constructed from a modified Cessna-172 aircraft, a modified 180-kW PBS-TP100 turboprop, two wing-mounted electric motors, and a purpose-built hybrid-turbo-electric powertrain. A portion of the turboprop shaft power is extracted to generate electricity for the battery system and wing-mounted electric motors. The test vehicle was successfully brought to full engine power and the wing-mounted electric motors were run through a series of operating points to experimentally evaluate transient electrical and mechanical performance. Observations are made regarding the interdependent time responses of the electromechanical systems. Results from the test run include engine performance metrics, current, voltage, and acoustic data. The generator peaked at 4-kW and was augmented by 13-kW of battery power to drive distributed propulsors, while the turboprop generated 142-kW of power for the variable pitch propeller. Practical recommendations for safe integration are identified, such as the need for a precharge circuit, crowbar circuit, and future short protection circuit. This study provides critical insight into the design and practical implementation of turbo-electric power systems for future electrified aircraft.