bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the mechanical characteristics of polymerized caprolactam and monofilament nylon loops constructed in parallel strands or as braided ropes versus cranial cruciate ligaments of cattle
Authors: Niehaus Andrew J. , Anderson David E. , Johnson Jed K. , Lannutti John J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare the mechanical characteristics of polymerized caprolactam and monofilament nylon loops with those of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in cattle.
Sample—6 femorotibial joints harvested from 3 cows and suture constructs made from No. 8 polymerized caprolactam, 80-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line, and 450-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line.
Procedures—Joints were cleared of soft tissue structures except the CCL, connected to a load frame, and loaded to failure while measuring force and elongation. Synthetic constructs tested in a similar manner included single-stranded and 3-stranded No. 8 polymerized caprolactam, 3- and 6-stranded 80-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line, and 3- and 6-stranded 450-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line.
Results—The CCL ruptured at a mean ± SD force of 4,541 ± 1,417 N with an elongation of 2.0 ± 0.3 cm. The tensile strength of 3-stranded 450-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line was similar to that of the CCL, rupturing at loads of 5,310 ± 369 N (braided strands) and 6,260 ± 239 N (parallel strands). Elongation was greater for braided constructs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The 3-stranded cords of 450-lb test monofilament nylon fishing line most closely approximated the strength of the CCL. Marked increases in elongation occur when large-sized materials are constructed in braided configurations, and this elongation would likely not provide stability in CCL-deficient stifle joints. Additional studies are needed to determine whether any of these materials are suitable CCL replacements in cattle.
Effects of imidazoline and nonimidazoline alpha-adrenergic agents, including xylazine, medetomidine, yohimbine, tolazoline, and atipamezole, on aggregation of bovine and equine platelets
Authors: Yokota Shin-ichi , Hikasa Yoshiaki , Shimura Itsumi , Kusunose Shuei 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of various imidazoline and nonimidazoline α-adrenergic agents on aggregation and antiaggregation of bovine and equine platelets.
Sample—Blood samples obtained from 8 healthy adult cattle and 16 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.
Procedures—Aggregation and antiaggregation effects of various imidazoline and nonimidazoline α-adrenergic agents on bovine and equine platelets were determined via a turbidimetric method. Collagen and ADP were used to initiate aggregation.
Results—Adrenaline, noradrenaline, or α-adrenoceptor agents alone did not induce changes in aggregation of bovine or equine platelets or potentiate ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Adrenaline and the α2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine had an inhibitory effect on ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation of bovine platelets. The α2-adrenoceptor antagonists phentolamine and yohimbine also inhibited collagen-induced aggregation of bovine platelets. Noradrenaline, other α-adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine, oxymetazoline, and medetomidine), and α-adrenoceptor antagonists (atipamezole, idazoxan, tolazoline, and prazosin) were less effective or completely ineffective in inhibiting ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation of bovine platelets. The imidazoline α2-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline submaximally inhibited collagen-induced aggregation of equine platelets, and the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan, along with phentolamine and yohimbine, also inhibited collagen-induced aggregation of equine platelets. The imidazoline compound antazoline inhibited both ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation of equine platelets.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Several drugs had effects on aggregation of platelets of cattle and horses, and effective doses of ADP and collagen also differed between species. The α2-adrenoceptor agonists (xylazine and medetomidine) and antagonists (tolazoline and atipamezole) may be used by bovine and equine practitioners without concern for adverse effects on platelet function and hemostasis.
Myocardial cytokine expression in dogs with systemic and naturally occurring cardiac diseases
Authors: Fonfara Sonja , Hetzel Udo , Tew Simon R. , Cripps Peter , Dukes-McEwan Joanna , Clegg Peter D. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare myocardial cytokine expression in dogs with naturally occurring cardiac or systemic diseases and dogs without cardiac or systemic diseases (control dogs)
Sample—Myocardial tissue samples from 7 systemic disease-affected dogs (SDDs), 7 cardiac disease-affected dogs (CDDs), and 8 control dogs.
Procedures—mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, and growth differentiation factor-15 in myocardial tissue samples obtained from CDDs, SDDs, and control dogs were analyzed via quantitative PCR assays.
Results—In control dogs, only mRNA for TNF-α, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 was detected; concentrations were significantly higher in male than in female dogs. In SDDs and CDDs, all cytokines, growth factors, and growth differentiation factor-15 were expressed. Compared with findings in SDDs, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression was significantly increased in CDDs; specifically, IL-1, IL-8, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and TGF-β3 expression was increased in the atria and IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ expression was increased in the ventricles of CDDs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data suggested that the alterations in cytokine expression in SDDs and CDDs, compared with control dog findings, were a result of inflammatory system activation. The differences in cytokine expression in atria and ventricles between SDDs and CDDs were suggestive of different remodeling processes. A better knowledge of myocardial involvement in SDDs and of immune regulation in CDDs might beneficially affect morbidity and mortality rates and provide new treatment approaches.
Orthotopic model of canine osteosarcoma in athymic rats for evaluation of stereotactic radiotherapy
Authors: Schwartz Anthony L. , Custis James T. , Harmon Joseph F. , Powers Barbara E. , Chubb Laura S. , LaRue Susan M. , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Ryan Stewart D. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To develop an orthotopic model of canine osteosarcoma in athymic rats as a model for evaluating the effects of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) on osteosarcoma cells.
Animals—26 athymic nude rats.
Procedures—3 experiments were performed. In the first 2 experiments, rats were injected with 1 × 106 Abrams canine osteosarcoma cells into the proximal aspect of the tibia (n = 12) or distal aspect of the femur (6). Tumor engraftment and progression were monitored weekly via radiography, luciferase imaging, and measurement of urine pyridinoline concentration for 5 weeks and histologic evaluation after euthanasia. In the third experiment, 8 rats underwent canine osteosarcoma cell injection into the distal aspect of the femur and SRT was administered to the affected area in three 12-Gy fractions delivered on consecutive days (total radiation dose, 36 Gy). Percentage tumor necrosis and urinary pyridinoline concentrations were used to assess local tumor control. The short-term effect of SRT on skin was also evaluated.
Results—Tumors developed in 10 of 12 tibial sites and all 14 femoral sites. Administration of SRT to rats with femoral osteosarcoma was feasible and successful. Mean tumor necrosis of 95% was achieved histologically, and minimal adverse skin effects were observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The orthotopic model of canine osteosarcoma in rats developed in this study was suitable for evaluating the effects of local tumor control and can be used in future studies to evaluate optimization of SRT duration, dose, and fractionation schemes. The model could also allow evaluation of other treatments in combination with SRT, such as chemotherapy or bisphosphonate, radioprotectant, or parathyroid hormone treatment.
Comparison of first-intention healing of carbon dioxide laser, 4.0-MHz radiosurgery, and scalpel incisions in ball pythons (Python regius)
Authors: Hodshon Rebecca T. , Sura Patricia A. , Schumacher Juergen P. , Odoi Agricola , Steeil James C. , Newkirk Kim M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate first-intention healing of CO2 laser, 4.0-MHz radiowave radiosurgery (RWRS), and scalpel incisions in ball pythons (Python regius).
Animals—6 healthy adult ball pythons.
Procedures—A skin biopsy sample was collected, and 2-cm skin incisions (4/modality) were made in each snake under anesthesia and closed with surgical staples on day 0. Incision sites were grossly evaluated and scored daily. One skin biopsy sample per incision type per snake was obtained on days 2, 7, 14, and 30. Necrotic and fibroplastic tissue was measured in histologic sections; samples were assessed and scored for total inflammation, histologic response (based on the measurement of necrotic and fibroplastic tissues and total inflammation score), and other variables. Frequency distributions of gross and histologic variables associated with wound healing were calculated.
Results—Gross wound scores were significantly greater (indicating greater separation of wound edges) for laser incisions than for RWRS and scalpel incisions at all evaluated time points. Necrosis was significantly greater in laser and RWRS incisions than in scalpel incision sites on days 2 and 14 and days 2 and 7, respectively; fibroplasia was significantly greater in laser than in scalpel incision sites on day 30. Histologic response scores were significantly lower for scalpel than for other incision modalities on days 2, 14, and 30.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In snakes, skin incisions made with a scalpel generally had less necrotic tissue than did CO2 laser and RWRS incisions. Comparison of the 3 modalities on the basis of histologic response scores indicated that use of a scalpel was preferable, followed by RWRS and then laser.
Determination of Surfactants in Environmental Samples. Part I. Cationic Compounds / Oznaczanie Surfaktantów W Próbkach Środowiskowych. Część I. Związki Kationowe
Authors: Olkowska Ewa , Ruman Marek , Kowalska Anna , Polkowska Żaneta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Compounds from the group of cationic surfactants are widely applied in household, industrial, cleaning, disinfectant, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products as their specific properties (antimicrobial, emulsifying, anticorrosion, softening). After use, cationic surfactants are disposed to wastewater-treatment plants and finally with effluent water to surface waters due to their incomplete degradation. Moreover, they can freely circulate in different environmental compartments including living organisms. It becomes indispensable to recognize in more detail behavior, fate and biological effects of cationic surfactants. This analytical problem can be solved with use sensitive and reliable analytical techniques at sample preparation step and final determination step. In recent years, during isolation analytes from environmental samples mainly were used liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) - liquid matrices or solid-liquid extraction (SLE) - solid matrices. This technique involves application of toxic solvents (chloroform), is time-consuming and interferences are co-extracted. Nowadays, in scientific centers are carried out research to replace this traditional technique. So far, the following techniques were applied: solid-phase extraction (SPE) or it modification (HF-LPME) - liquid samples; accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) - solid samples. During the determination of total content of cationic surface active agents in environmental samples were used a traditional spectrophotometry technique and potentiometric titration technique. But those techniques are susceptible of interferences on analysis results (anionic and non-ionic compounds). The chromatographic technique (liquid chromatography) applied at the final determination step gives possibility to determine individual cationic surfactants in solvent extracts of environmental samples. The LC systems coupled with mass spectrometers are most powerful tools during such analysis.
Fractionation of Selected Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils / Frakcjonowanie Wybranych Metali Ciężkich W Glebach Uprawnych
Authors: Różański Szymon 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The content of trace elements in soils varies widely and their mobility and availability depends not only on the total content but also on the form of in which these elements occur. The aim of this study was to determine the total content of nickel, lead, zinc and copper in soils used for agriculture, and assess the mobility and phytoavailability of these metals against a background of physical and chemical properties of these soils. In samples taken from three soil profiles (Phaeozem and 2 Fluvisols) the contents of Ni, Pb, Zn and Cu were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy in the solutions obtained according to the protocol of modified BCR sequential extraction procedure supplemented with aqua regia digestion. The total content of the analyzed metals in most cases corresponded to the natural values, often not exceeding the geochemical background level. It was only in the one profile of the Fluvisols (Endogleyic Fluvisol) that a higher concentration of zinc and lead was noticed (especially in the surface horizon), slightly exceeding the legal limit. Among the studied metals the lowest phytoavailability was characterized by copper (exchangeable forms on average 4.73% of the total), and the highest by zinc (11.49%). Nickel was the most permanently bound with soil solid phase, and its content in the residual fraction reached 84.46% of the total. Approximately a half of the total lead content was determined as a fraction bound with iron and manganese oxides, while in the case of this metal a significant role in binding of this metal was playing organic matter (fraction bound with organic matter and sulphides - an average of 27.5%). Significant role in the binding of all investigated metals was credited to iron and manganese compounds.
Inflammation Markers in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Korita Irena , Bulo Anyla , Langlois Michel , Blaton Victor 
Published: February 2013

Summary
Background: The clinical value and the interrelationship of HDL and the metabolic syndrome were studied using plasma levels of TNF-a, IL 6, IL 10, IL 8, IL 1beta, IL 2R in patients with cardiovascular stenosis.
Methods: On the basis of exclusion criteria, we recruited 198 male and female patients aged 45 to 75 years with CVD and 43 patients with MS. Patients were subdivided into %stenosis according to the CASS guidelines. Lipids were measured on an Olympus AU640 analyzer. Ox-LDL was measured by the immunosorbent assay and MDA by HPLC. Cytokines were analysed with DPC Immulite 1000. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS for Windows, 14.0 & Medcalc.
Results: Ox-LDL and apoB were significantly higher in the MS(+) patient group (88.7 U/L) compared to the MS(-) group (77.5 U/L). Ox-LDL showed a positive correlation (P=0.001) with LDL-C, apoB and MDA. There was a higher concentration of HDL in the patient group MS(-), which was confirmed by a non-significant (P=0.849) change of apoA(I) from 1.267 g/L in the MS(+) to 1.275 g/L in the MS(-) group. A light significant increase of IL 10 (P=0.05) in MS(+) patients was observed, and the other analysed inflammation markers were mostly unchanged. MS has no direct association with the cytokine production.
Conclusions: Ox-LDL and apoB were significantly higher in the MS(+) patient group. In a multiple regression analysis for ox-LDL, apoB (P=0.003) emerged as a strong predictor of the ox-LDL concentration, independent of age, gender, BMI and smoking.
Lake Evolution in the Żnin Region in the Years 1912– 1960 (Central Poland)
Authors: Ptak Mariusz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The evolution of lakes, which, in the final stage, leads to their disappearance, is mainly based on the analysis of surface area change. However, there is one more, frequently overlooked process, which determines lake disappearance - namely the lake shallowing. The present paper presents the direction and rate of such evolution, taking both these processes into account. It is a comparative analysis of 9 lakes in the Żnin region - which has the greatest water deficit in the whole of Poland. Based on bathymetric plans from two periods (early 20th century and early 60’s of the 20th century), the author was able not only to evaluate the scale of surface area change but also to determine the value of lake basins volume change. Both these values were negative and amounted 9.1% and 14.9% respectively. Assuming that the said processes are invariable, the prospective period of lake functioning is about 500 years when taking into consideration surface area change only, and is 150 years shorter when allowing for aquatic resources change. The presented approach to lake disappearance analysis, which treats this phenomenon as a decline in aquatic resources rather than a simple decrease in surface area, is more reliable and therefore, scientific works in this field should take the results of lake shallowing into consideration.
The relationship between body image disturbance and coping with stress in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa
Authors: Brytek-Matera Anna 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify coping strategies that influence body attitudes in women with anorexia
nervosa (n = 34).

We used the BAT, the FRS and the Brief COPE.
Coping strategies based on focus on and venting of emotions, positive reframing and seeking instrumental social support
were predictive factors for the negative appreciation of body size. Seeking emotional social support, positive reframing
and use of instrumental support constituted a risk profile for development of lack of familiarity with one’s body. Denial,
focus on and venting of emotions, seeking instrumental social support positive reframing and humour are predictors of
general body dissatisfaction.

Emotion-oriented coping had an adverse effect on body attitudes and body experience among patients with anorexia
The Growing Brand Equity and Brand Value – The Learnings from Most Valuable Brands
Authors: Lhotáková Markéta 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The brands are often most valuable asset of the company. The successful brands are annually gaining value while unsuccessful brands may year-on-year significantly loose their value. This article examines effects, tools and trends that influence development of brand value. In the first section you may find analyses of theoretical concepts of brand equity and brand value and its development from the point of consumer as well as brand owner. The next section looks into the different impacts, that increase brands value according to the global rankings of the most successful brands „Best Global Brands“ from Interbrand consulting group and „BrandZ Top 100 Most Valuable Global Brands ranking“ from Millward Brown company. In the conclusion I compare these two attitudes and identify current trends, which play important role in brand value creation.
Impact of Declared Clusters of Tourism on Slovak Destinations
Authors: Michálková Anna , Kojdová Helena , Némethová Ildikó 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper aims to present the results of secondary and primary research focused on declared clusters of tourism in Slovakia and to draw conclusions of their influence on Slovak destinations. Subsequent progress could indicate whether declared clusters of tourism lead to competitiveness, innovation, research and growth or rather pursue those activities which are typical of destination management organisations.
Building Corporate Identity in the Economic Crisis Time
Authors: Šimorová Lenka , Repašová Vladimíra 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Corporate Identity (CI) represents a strategic tool how to audit corporate strategies, goals and other important aspects of the day-to-day corporate processes as well as long-time actions. Financial crisis is exactly the time when all corporations and companies are passing the evaluation and strategic decision-making processes concerning the corporate goals. Some of the corporation just answer on the impulses from the environment and react and some of them are proactive companies that thanks to the clear corporate self-understanding can still be successful.
Chronicle. 59th Open Seminar on Acoustics Boszkowo, Poland, September 10–14, 2012
Authors: Józefczak Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Scientific and Organizing Committees of 59th Open Seminar on Acoustics would like to present the
abstracts of papers submitted for this conference. The Open Seminar on Acoustics (OSA) is an annual
conference, the largest in the country which has been bringing Polish acousticians together for nearly sixty years.
It is organized sequentially by different departments of Polish Acoustical Society (PTA) – in 2012 by the Poznań
Division. The conference presents all sections of acoustics, such as: physical acoustics, technical acoustics,
environmental acoustics, speech acoustics, hearing acoustics, musical acoustics, architectural acoustics, etc.
The aim of the conference is to exchange scientific experience in the field of acoustics, promote science
and integrate specialists from various fields.
In Memoriam. Professor Aleksander Opilski
Authors: Pustelny Tadeusz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Professor Aleksander Opilski has passed away on 20 April 2012.
Aleksander Opilski was born on 31 August 1931 in Zagórze in the then Śląskie Voivodship.
He underwent his 1st level studies in the years 1950–1953 at the Faculty of Mathematics, Physics
and Chemistry of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. His 2nd level academic education was
completed at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań from which he graduated in 1958 as a Master
of Science in Physics.
Acoustic Power Radiated by a System of Two Vibrating Circular Membranes Located at the Boundary of Three-Wall Corner Spatial Region
Authors: Szemela Krzysztof , Rdzanek Wojciech P. , Rdzanek Witold J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Two vibrating circular membranes radiate acoustic waves into the region bounded by three infinite baffles arranged perpendicularly to one another. The Neumann boundary value problem has been investigated in the case when both sources are embedded in the same baffle. The analyzed processes are time harmonic. The membranes vibrate asymmetrically. External excitations of different surface distributions and different phases have been applied to the sound sources’ surfaces. The influence of the radiated acoustic waves on the membranes’ vibrations has been included. The acoustic power of the sound sources system has been calculated by using a complete eigenfunctions system.
Mathematical and Ultrasonographic Model of the Left Ventricle: in Vitro Studies
Authors: Olszewski Robert , Trawiński Zbigniew , Wójcik Janusz , Nowicki Andrzej 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The main objective of this study is to develop an echocardiographic model of the left ventricular and numerical modeling of the speckles- markers tracking in the ultrasound (ultrasonographic) imaging of the left ventricle. The work is aimed at the creation of controlled and mobile environment that enables to examine the relationships between left ventricular wall deformations and visualizations of these states in the form of echocardiographic imaging and relations between the dynamically changing distributions of tissue markers of studied structures.