bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
S–S Bond Activation in Multi‐Copper ­Aggregates Containing Perthiocarboxylato Ligands
Authors: Troyano Javier , Corral Inés , Castillo Oscar , Zamora Félix , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Delgado Salomé 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe direct reaction between [Cu(OAc)2·(H2O)]2andn‐butyldithiocarboxylic acid affords two copper(I) aggregates with dithiocarboxylato, [Cu(S2C‐n‐butyl)]4(1), and perthiocarboxylato ligands, [Cu(S3C‐n‐butyl)]4(2), in which the oxidation of dithiocarboxylato ligand is triggered by the CuIIcenters. The activation of the S–S bond in2by two reducing agents, PPh3and NaBH4, has been investigated both experimentally and by DFT calculations. The successive S–S activation in2by reaction with 4 equiv. of PPh3is a cooperative process, which implies that the intermediate species remain elusive. Such intermediates have been analyzed by DFT calculations, which established that the reactivity of the multi‐copper structures depends on the balance between the interactions in the different coordination spheres imposed on the copper centers and the Cu···Cu distances. Furthermore, weak cuprophilic interactions are conditioned by the orbital orientation imposed by the structure. This implies that these metal–metal interactions are not always found between the pairs of Cu atoms with the shortest distances. Although different products have been isolated depending on the reducing agent, the overall theoretical data indicate that the reagent always attacks the terminal sulfur atom of the perthio group.
Simultaneous Application of Arylmethyl­ene Acetal and Butane Diacetal Groups for Protection of Hexopyranosides: Synthesis and Chemoselective Ring‐Opening Reactions
Authors: Herczeg Mihály , Demeter Fruzsina , Mező Erika , Pap Máté , Borbás Anikó 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reductive cleavage of 4,6‐O‐arylmethylene acetals of hexopyranosides is an effective method for the regioselective formation of a benzyl‐type ether at either the C‐4 or the C‐6 hydroxyl group. The compatibility of this method with Ley's butane diacetal (BDA) protection was studied. 4,6‐O‐(2‐Naphthyl)methylene, benzylidene, and p‐methoxybenzylidene acetals were introduced to 2,3‐O‐BDA‐protected gluco‐ and galactosides, and the bis‐acetalated products were subjected to reductive acetal openings with different reagents. LiAlH4–AlCl3 reduced the 4,6‐acetals with complete chemo‐ and regioselectivity to give the corresponding 4‐O‐ethers. The use of Et3SiH–BF3·Et2O led to a mixture of differently reduced products, because transformation of the 4,6‐acetal into the related 6‐O‐ether and reduction of the BDA system into a butane‐2,3‐diyl group took place competitively. BH3·NMe3–AlCl3 selectively cleaved the 4,6‐acetal ring to give the 6‐O‐ethers as the major or exclusive products.
Mathematical modeling of drying of potato slices in a forced convective dryer based on important parameters
Authors: Naderinezhad Samira , Etesami Nasrin , Poormalek Najafabady Arefe , Ghasemi Falavarjani Majid 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe effect of air temperature, air velocity, and sample shapes (circle and square with the same cross‐sectional area) on kinetic drying of potato slices in a tunnel dryer was investigated experimentally and a suitable drying model was developed. The experiments of drying of potato slices were conducted at an air temperature of 45–70°C with an air velocity 1.60 and 1.81 m sec−1. Results showed that drying temperature was the most effective parameter in the drying rate. The influence of air velocity was more profound in low temperature. The time for drying square slices was lower compared to the circle ones. Furthermore, drying data were fitted to different empirical models. Among the models, Midilli–Kucuk was the best to explain the single layer drying of potato slices. The parameters of this model were determined as functions of air velocity and temperature by multiple regression analysis for circle and square slices. Various statistical parameters were examined for evaluating the model.
The changing role of health‐oriented international organizations and nongovernmental organizations
Authors: Okma Kieke G.H. , Kay Adrian , Hockenberry Shelby , Liu Joanne , Watkins Susan 
Published: August 2015

SummaryApart from governments, there are many other actors active in the health policy arena, including a wide array of international organizations (IOs), public‐private partnerships and non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) that state as their main mission to improve the health of (low‐income) populations of low‐income countries. Despite the steady rise in numbers and prominence of NGOs, however, there is lack of empirical knowledge about their functioning in the international policy arena, and most studies focus on the larger organizations. This has also caused a somewhat narrow focus of theoretical studies. Some scholars applied the ‘principal‐agent’ theory to study the origins of IOs, for example, other focus on changing power relations. Most of those studies implicitly assume that IOs, public‐private partnerships and large NGOs act as unified and rational actors, ignoring internal fragmentation and external pressure to change directions. We assert that the classic analytical instruments for understanding the shaping and outcome of public policy: ideas, interests and institutions apply well to the study of IOs. As we will show, changing ideas about the proper role of state and non‐state actors, changing positions and activities of major stakeholders in the (international) health policy arena, and shifts in political institutions that channel the voice of diverging interests resulted in (and reflected) the changing positions of the health‐oriented organizations‐and also affect their future outlook. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of serelaxin in patients with severe renal impairment or end‐stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis: A single‐dose, open‐label, parallel‐group study
Authors: Dahlke Marion , Halabi Atef , Canadi Jasna , Tsubouchi Chiaki , Machineni Surendra , Pang Yinuo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSerelaxin, a recombinant human relaxin‐2 hormone, is in clinical development for treating acute heart failure. This open‐label, parallel‐group study investigated serelaxin pharmacokinetics (PK) after a single 4‐hour intravenous infusion (10 µg/kg) in patients with severe renal impairment (n = 6) or end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring hemodialysis (PK on the day of dialysis [n = 6] or during dialysis‐free interval [n = 6]), compared with matched healthy subjects (n = 18). In all participants, serum serelaxin concentration peaked at the end of infusion and subsequently declined with mean terminal elimination half‐life of 6.5–8.8 hours. Compared with healthy subjects, a moderate decrease in serelaxin systemic clearance (37%–52%) and increase in its exposure (30%–115%) were observed in all patients. During the 4‐hour hemodialysis in ESRD patients, 30% serelaxin was removed, with hemodialysis clearance constituting approximately 52% of total systemic clearance. Serelaxin was well tolerated with no deaths, serious adverse events (AE), or AE‐related discontinuations. Antiserelaxin antibodies were not detected in any participant. Given the shallow dose‐response relationship observed with serelaxin in clinical studies and its wide therapeutic window, the observed PK differences in patients with severe renal impairment compared with healthy subjects are unlikely to pose a safety risk and do not warrant a predefined dosage adjustment in such patients.
Platelet response to increased aspirin dose in patients with persistent platelet aggregation while treated with aspirin 81 mg
Authors: Gengo Fran , Westphal Erica S. , Rainka Michelle M. , Janda Maria , Robson Matthew J. , Hourihane J. Maurice , Bates Vernice 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study demonstrates that patients who are taking 81 mg of aspirin and are nonresponsive benefit from a dose of 162 mg or greater vs a different antiplatelet therapy. We identified 100 patients who were nonresponsive to aspirin 81 mg via whole blood aggregometry and observed how many patients became responsive at a dose of 162 mg or greater. Platelet nonresponsiveness was defined as >10 Ω of resistance to collagen 1 µg/mL and/or an ohms ratio of collagen 1 µg/mL to collagen 5 µg/mL >0.5 and/or >6 Ω to arachidonate. Borderline response was defined as an improvement in 1 but not both of the above criteria. Of the initial 100 patients who were nonresponsive to an aspirin dose of 81 mg, 79% became responsive at a dose of 162 mg or >162 mg. Only 6% did not respond to any increase in dose. We believe that patients treated with low‐dose aspirin who have significant risk for secondary vascular events should be individually assessed to determine their antiplatelet response. Those found to have persistent platelet aggregation despite treatment with 81 mg of aspirin have a higher likelihood of obtaining an adequate antiplatelet response at a higher aspirin dose.
The effect of positive work reflection during leisure time on affective well‐being: Results from three diary studies
Authors: Meier Laurenz L. , Cho Eunae , Dumani Soner 
Published: August 2015

SummaryPrevious research showed that psychological detachment from work during leisure time is beneficial and that reflecting on negative aspects of work is detrimental for employees' well‐being. However, little is known about the role of positive reflection about work during leisure time. In the present research, we examined the effects of positive work reflection on affective well‐being. Additionally, we tested the effectiveness of an intervention to increase positive work reflection and to improve well‐being with a randomized controlled field experiment. Findings from three diary studies showed that positive work reflection was related to an increase in affective well‐being with regard to both positive and negative moods. The results further indicated that the benefits of positive work reflection were incremental to that of psychological detachment and the absence of negative work reflection. Contrary to our expectation, no evidence was found for the effectiveness of the intervention. Theoretical implications of main findings as well as supplementary findings are further discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel measure of articular instability based on contact stress confirms that the anterior cruciate ligament is a critical stabilizer of the lateral compartment
Authors: Imhauser Carl W. , Sheikh Saad , Choi Daniel S. , Nguyen Joseph T. , Mauro Craig S. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTKnee instability following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is common, compromising function, and causing cartilage and meniscal damage. In this study, instability at the level of the articular surfaces was characterized with a new measure: articular instability. Articular instability was defined as the change in location of the center of contact stress per unit of applied load. The effect of ACL‐deficiency on articular instability was quantified in response to combined abduction and internal rotation moments simulating the clinical pivot shift, which recreates the sensation of instability. Eleven cadaver knees were loaded using a robotic manipulator and tibiofemoral contact stress was measured using a stress transducer. Sectioning the ACL led to pronounced articular instability on the lateral compartment in 4 of 11 knees. In these 4 knees articular instability increased posteriorly up to 403% and increased laterally up to 754%. Factors driving inter‐specimen variations in articular instability might include articular morphology, ligamentous laxity, and the applied loads. This novel description of contact mechanics confirms that the ACL prevents sudden changes in the relative position of the lateral articular surfaces. It is applicable to any loading conditions and provides a unique measure to quantify the effects of ACL injury and reconstruction. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:478–488, 2016.
Auxiliary proteins that facilitate formation of collagen‐rich deposits in the posterior knee capsule in a rabbit‐based joint contracture model
Authors: Steplewski Andrzej , Fertala Jolanta , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Abboud Joseph A. , Wang Mark L. Y. , Namdari Surena , Barlow Jonathan , Rivlin Michael , Arnold William V. , Kostas James , Hou Cheryl , Fertala Andrzej 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPost‐traumatic joint contracture is a debilitating consequence of trauma or surgical procedures. It is associated with fibrosis that develops regardless of the nature of initial trauma and results from complex biological processes associated with inflammation and cell activation. These processes accelerate production of structural elements of the extracellular matrix, particularly collagen fibrils. Although the increased production of collagenous proteins has been demonstrated in tissues of contracted joints, researchers have not yet determined the complex protein machinery needed for the biosynthesis of collagen molecules and for their assembly into fibrils. Consequently, the purpose of our study was to investigate key enzymes and protein chaperones needed to produce collagen‐rich deposits. Using a rabbit model of joint contracture, our biochemical and histological assays indicated changes in the expression patterns of heat shock protein 47 and the α‐subunit of prolyl 4‐hydroxylase, key proteins in processing nascent collagen chains. Moreover, our study shows that the abnormal organization of collagen fibrils in the posterior capsules of injured knees, rather than excessive formation of fibril‐stabilizing cross‐links, may be a key reason for observed changes in the mechanical characteristics of injured joints. This result sheds new light on pathomechanisms of joint contraction, and identifies potentially attractive anti‐fibrotic targets. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:489–501, 2016.
Analysis of perioperative radiation therapy in the surgical treatment of primary and recurrent retroperitoneal sarcoma
Authors: Lane Whitney O. , Cramer Christina K. , Nussbaum Daniel P. , Speicher Paul J. , Gulack Brian C. , Czito Brian G. , Kirsch David G. , Tyler Douglas S. , Blazer Dan G. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) is increasingly utilized in conjunction with surgery for the treatment of retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas (RPS). Despite multiple theoretical advantages of RT, its role in the surgical management of this disease remains ill defined.MethodsPatients undergoing surgery for RPS from 1990 to 2011 were identified. Patients were classified as having primary or recurrent disease, and then further stratified by the use of perioperative RT. Primary outcomes, including overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS), were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method with comparisons based on the log rank test. Cox‐proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the independent effect of RT on survival.ResultsNinety‐four patients met final inclusion criteria. After adjusting for confounding variables, perioperative RT remained independently associated with a reduced risk of recurrence (HR 0.34, P < 0.01) and death (HR 0.30, P = 0.02).ConclusionsIn this retrospective series, perioperative RT is an independent predictor of improved OS and RFS. These results provide additional support for the use of RT in the multimodality treatment of retroperitoneal sarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:352–358. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symptoms of PTSD Associated With Painful and Nonpainful Vicarious Reactivity Following Amputation
Authors: Giummarra Melita J. , Fitzgibbon Bernadette M. , Tsao Jack W. , Gibson Stephen J. , Rich Anina N. , Georgiou‐Karistianis Nellie , Chou Michael , Bradshaw John L. , Alphonso Aimee L. , Tung Monica L. , Drastal Carol A. , Hanling Steven , Pasquina Paul F. , Enticott Peter G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlthough the experience of vicarious sensations when observing another in pain have been described postamputation, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated whether vicarious sensations are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and chronic pain. In Study 1, 236 amputees completed questionnaires about phantom limb phenomena and vicarious sensations to both innocuous and painful sensory experiences of others. There was a 10.2% incidence of vicarious sensations, which was significantly more prevalent in amputees reporting PTSD‐like experiences, particularly increased arousal and reexperiencing the event that led to amputation (φ = .16). In Study 2, 63 amputees completed the Empathy for Pain Scale and PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version. Cluster analyses revealed 3 groups: 1 group did not experience vicarious pain or PTSD symptoms, and 2 groups were vicarious pain responders, but only 1 had increased PTSD symptoms. Only the latter group showed increased chronic pain severity compared with the nonresponder group (p = .025) with a moderate effect size (r = .35). The findings from both studies implicated an overlap, but also divergence, between PTSD symptoms and vicarious pain reactivity postamputation. Maladaptive mechanisms implicated in severe chronic pain and physical reactivity posttrauma may increase the incidence of vicarious reactivity to the pain of others.
Management implications for releasing orphaned, captive‐reared bears back to the wild
Authors: Beecham John J. , De Gabriel Hernando Miguel , Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Beausoleil Richard A. , Burguess Kelcey , Jeong Dong‐Hyuk , Binks Mathew , Bereczky Leonardo , Ashraf N. V. K. , Skripova Kira , Rhodin Lisa , Auger Janene , Lee Bae‐Keun 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTOrphaned bears have been captive‐reared and released back to the wild for more than 3 decades, often without a clear understanding of their fates because post‐release monitoring is not a common practice. As a result, management agencies lack efficacy data on post‐release success rates and are often reluctant to encourage increased use of this technique. We evaluated the potential management and conservation implications of releasing captive‐reared bears by documenting post‐release survival, cause‐specific mortality, human conflict activity, movements, and reproduction for 550 American black, brown and Asiatic black bears reared in 12 captive‐rearing programs around the world. Survival rates in these programs ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 and were similar among the 3 species. The primary causes of mortality were sport hunting and road kills for American black bears, intra‐specific predation and illegal kills for brown bears, and natural mortalities and illegal kills for Asiatic black bears. Although American and Asiatic black bears were involved in conflicts post‐release, the majority of released bears (94%) were not documented in conflict situations. Movement patterns of captive‐reared American black and brown bears showed no homing tendencies toward their rearing facility. Twenty captive‐reared bears produced 21 litters. Our analyses reduce many of the uncertainties surrounding the fate of bears released as yearlings and provide evidence that releasing captive‐reared bears is a defensible management alternative. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Naphthalimide Derivatives: Substituent Effects on the Photoinitiating Ability in Polymerizations under Near UV, Purple, White and Blue LEDs (385, 395, 405, 455, or 470 nm)
Authors: Xiao Pu , Dumur Frédéric , Zhang Jing , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: August 2015

Naphthalimide derivatives (NDAs) with amino‐ or alkylthio‐substituents have been synthesized and combined in photoinitiating systems (PIS) with an iodonium salt, N‐vinylcarbazole, an amine, or 2,4,6‐tris(trichloromethyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine to produce radicals, cation radicals, or cations. The photochemical mechanisms are investigated by fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, laser flash photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, and steady state photolysis techniques. The generated reactive species are capable of initiating the cationic polymerization (CP) of epoxides under air or the free radical polymerization (FRP) of acrylates in laminate upon exposure to visible lights delivered by a halogen lamp, a cold white light‐emitting diode (LED), or LEDs at 385, 395, 405, 455, or 470 nm. Compared to the well‐known camphorquinone based systems, the novel NDA containing PISs exhibit higher efficiencies both for CP and FRP. Remarkably, the photo­bleaching of some NDAs is significant, and colorless final polymer coatings are obtained. The structure/photochemical property relationships of NDAs are discussed in detail (redox potentials, fluorescence, rate constants of reactions, etc.) to shed some light on their respective photoinitiating ability.
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Planktonic and sedimentary bacterial diversity of Lake Sayram in summer
Authors: Fang Lei , Chen Lei , Liu Yuan , Tao Wei , Zhang Zhongzhe , Liu Haiying , Tang Yong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLake Sayram is an ancient cold water lake locating at a mountain basin in Xinjiang, China. The lake water is brackish, alkaline, unpolluted, and abundant in SO42− and Mg2+. The lacustrine ecosystem of Lake Sayram has been intensely investigated. However, profiles of the microbial communities in the lake remain largely unknown. In this study, taxonomic compositions of the planktonic and sedimentary bacterial communities in Lake Sayram were investigated using 16S rRNA metagenomics. The lacustrine bacterial communities were generally structured by environmental conditions, including the hydrological and physicochemical parameters. Proteobacteria was the dominating phylum. In the lake water, the genera Acinetobacter and Ilumatobacter held an absolute predominance, implying their metabolic significance. In the bottom sediment, biogeochemically significant bacteria and thermophilic or acidothermophilic extremophiles were recovered. In contrast to the planktonic bacteria, an appreciable portion of the sedimentary bacteria could not be classified into any known taxonomic unit, indicating the largely unknown bacteriosphere hiding in the bottom sediment of Lake Sayram.
Segmented golden ratio radial reordering with variable temporal resolution for dynamic cardiac MRI
Authors: Han Fei , Zhou Ziwu , Rapacchi Stanislas , Nguyen Kim‐Lien , Finn J. Paul , Hu Peng 
Published: August 2015

PurposeGolden ratio (GR) radial reordering allows for retrospective choice of temporal resolution by providing a near‐uniform k‐space sampling within any reconstruction window. However, when applying GR to electrocardiogram (ECG)‐gated cardiac imaging, the k‐space coverage may not be as uniform because a single reconstruction window is broken into several temporally isolated ones. The goal of this study was to investigate the image artifacts caused by applying GR to ECG‐gated cardiac imaging and to propose a segmented GR method to address this issue.MethodsComputer simulation and phantom experiments were used to evaluate the image artifacts resulting from three k‐space sampling patterns (ie, uniform radial, conventional GR, and segmented GR). Two‐ and three‐dimensional cardiac cine images were acquired in seven healthy subjects. Imaging artifacts due to k‐space sampling nonuniformity were graded on a 5‐point scale by an experienced cardiac imaging reader.ResultsSegmented GR provides more uniform k‐space sampling that is independent of heart‐rate variation than conventional GR. Cardiac cine images using segmented GR have significantly higher and more reliable image quality than conventional GR.ConclusionSegmented GR successfully addresses the nonuniform sampling that occurs with combining conventional GR with ECG gating. This technique can potentially be applied to any ECG‐gated cardiac imaging application to allow for retrospective selection of a reconstruction window. Magn Reson Med 76:94–103, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.