bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bamboo Networks: Chinese Business Owners and Co-Ethnic Networks in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Meares Carina , Cain Trudie , Spoonley Paul 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
As part of a larger research project examining the settlement of immigrant business owners in Auckland, New Zealand, this research examines the nature of the connections that these Chinese business owners have with their employees, suppliers and customers. The results suggest a significant reliance on networks that involve co-ethnics, especially for the China-born but even for those Chinese business owners who were New Zealand-born. Overall, the research indicates the key role that relational embeddedness plays in the establishment and development of migrant businesses.
Werner Jacobsz. van den Valckert
Authors: Van Thiel P. J. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVirtually nothing has hitherto been known about Werner van dell Valckert's life and little about his work, his reputation resting mainly on his portrait historié of 1620 and a number of official Amsterdam group portraits of between 1622 and 1627, as well as a number of etcltirtgs of 1612. The present study has still not yielded the dates of his birth and death, but it has revealed that his career began in The Hague, where he was married to Jannetje Cornelis, daughter of the Hague glass-painter Cornelis Sybertsz. Monicx van Montfoort (Note 9), in 1605. He was registered as a master in the Guild of St. Luke there at some point between 1600 and 1605 and may have been born in or near the city around 1580-5. He is recorded in The Hague for the last time in 1612, so he probably moved in 1613 to Amsterdam, where his daughter was christened on 10 August 1614, followed by three more children over the following five years. The last record of him in Amsterdam is in 1627, so he probably died in that year or shortly afterwards. There is no evidence whatever to support previous hypotheses of his having been a pupil of Goltzius and made visits to Italy and Denmark.
Een mannenfiguur, in 1882 door Vincent van Gogh getekend
Authors: Op De Coul Martha 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA recently discovered pencil drawing by Van Gogh (Fig. I), which has always been in private possession, shows a man standing with arms folded. It bears the signature Vincent at bottom right (Fig. 2). The drawing, in poor condition when discovered and clearlycut down at the top, has been thoroughly restored and laid down (Fig. 3). Details of the costume of the fiure can be paralleled in drawings of Van Gogh's Hague period (December 1881-September 1883) and a figure in precisely the same pose turns up in a highly detailed drawing of a Schevenitigen fish-drying shed dated May, 1882 (Fig. 4, Note 3). Our drawing may perhaps have served as a model for this. In style it is close to the topographical drawings in pencil that Van Gogh was working on in March and April 1882 to a commission from his art-dealer uncle (Note 5), particularly in the way the composition is built up by means of hatching. This dating is further supported by the similarity of our figure to those in two such topographical works dated March 1882 (Figs. 5 and 6, Notes 6 and 7). Only a few drawings of single figures are known from this period, which makes this discovery particularly welcome.
Jan van Gool als kunstcriticus
Authors: De Vries Lyckle 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn 1750 and 1751 Jan van Gool published two volumes of artists' biographies entitled De Nieuwe Schouburg (Note 2). This sequel to Houbraken's Groote Schouburgh (.Note I) is an important source for Dutch art history of the period around 1700. The author's opinions are not strictly governed by the rules of art theory, nor is he a convinced Classicist. His main aim is to give complete and reliable information on the lives and works of artists. In so doing he cannot refrain from giving personal opinions. These characterize him as a competent art critic, who seems to have had an eye for style and quality. He despises work by contemporaries who still adhere to the Leiden tradition of fijnschilderen (small-scale, highly-finished painting). In his view the composition of a painting is of prime importance in assessing its quality, for it is mostly there that an artist's inventiveness, or lack of it, is revealed. Another aspect of great importance is the expression of emotions in painted figures through their glances, gestures and attitudes. Van Gool praises not only history painters who prove to have abilities in this field, but also painters of genre scenes and portraits. He pays far more attention to a painter's brushwork than his style of drawing, his predilection being for masters with a 'courageous' brush. Relatively little attention is given to colour and light and to the plasticity of painted figures. Van Gool's ideals seem to be summed up in the word natural. The essential qualities of the subjects painted must be made visible in the work of art. A painstaking realism in the Leiden tradition would endanger this ideal as much as a severe Classicism. The observation of reality should not be carried so far that details become more important than totalities, but on the other hand the overall form should not be idealized to such an extent that reality is forgotten.
Understanding America Better A Ten-book Challenge
Authors: Graham Gordon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEleven Americans, including a publisher, an international entrepreneur, two librarians, an historian, an art designer, a real estate agent, an author, an academic, an IT consultant and a bibliophile, were asked to choose which ten books they would recommend to a new arrival in the United States. Their target was defined as literate in English, well read, and with an intelligent outsider's knowledge of the United States. The participants, who made their choices unbeknown to one another, were invited to annotate their choices. The result is a kaleidoscope of views and arguments, with surprisingly little overlap, reflecting the endless diversity of the subject. The earliest of the 87 titles recommended is dated 1786, the most recent 2011. They include the famous and the obscure, scholarly and popular, tomes and light reading, poetry and essays, history and biography, science and sociology.
One new genus and species of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Sichuan, China with description of the male sex and transfer of Acosmetura carinata Liu, Zhou &amp; Bi, 2008 to the new genus
Authors: MING SHI FU , XUN BIAN 
Published: January 2013

The paper deals with a new genus, a new species and a new combination, i. e. Sinocyrtaspiodea gen. nov., Sinocyrtaspiodea longicercus sp. nov. and Sinocyrtaspiodea carinata (Liu, Zhou & Bi, 2008) com. nov. All specimens are deposited in the Museum of Hebei University.
Mangrove Microclimate: A Case Study from Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Beserra de Lima Nádia Gilma , Galvani Emerson 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
A mangrove is a transitional coastal ecosystem between marine and terrestrial environments that is characterized by salinity and constant tidal flooding. Mangroves contain plant communities that are adapted to several physical constraints, including the climate. The purpose of this study was to analyze the variations in climatic attributes (air temperature, relative air humidity, global solar radiation, wind, and rainfall) in the mangroves located in the municipality of Iguape, on the southern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. In addition, it was determined whether the existing variation is related to the presence of the canopy environment. A microclimate tower was installed with two weather stations to obtain an analysis of the variation of the climatic attributes above and below the canopy. The results indicate that global solar radiation had an average transmissivity of 26.8%. The air temperature at 10 m was higher than that at the sensor at 2 m. The average rainfall interception for the mangrove environment was 19.6%. Both the maximum gust and average wind speed decreased by approximately 63.7% at 2 m. The mangrove canopy was found to be an important control on the variation of climatic attributes. On a microclimatic scale, the climate attributes had a direct influence on the spatial distribution of vegetation. Additionally, characteristics of the canopy are the main control for this variation, especially for the distribution of rainfall and the amount of solar radiation below the canopy, which influence the distribution of plant species in the environment.
Atlantic Hurricanes and Climate Change. Part I: Experimental Design and Isolation of Thermodynamic Effects
Authors: Mallard Megan S. , Lackmann Gary M. , Aiyyer Anantha , Hill Kevin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used in a downscaling experiment to simulate a portion of the Atlantic hurricane season both in present-day conditions and with modifications to include future thermodynamic changes.
Temperature and moisture changes are derived from an ensemble of climate simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) A1B scenario and added to analyzed initial and lateral boundary conditions, leaving horizontal temperature gradients and vertical wind shear unaltered. This method of downscaling excludes future changes in shear and incipient disturbances, thereby isolating the thermodynamic component of climate change and its effect on tropical cyclone (TC) activity.
The North Atlantic basin is simulated with 18- and 6-km grid spacing, and a four-member physics ensemble is composed by varying microphysical and boundary layer parameterization schemes. This ensemble is used in monthly simulations during an active (2005) and inactive (2009) season, and the simulations are able to capture the change in activity between the different years. TC frequency is better reproduced with use of 6-km grid spacing and explicitly simulated convection, relative to simulations with 18-km grid spacing. A detailed comparison of present-day and future ensemble results is provided in a companion study.
Determinants of tobacco use among students aged 13–15 years in Nepal and Sri Lanka: Results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, 2007
Authors: Kabir MA , Goh Kim-Leng 
Published: January 2013

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate tobacco use behaviours and their correlates among secondary school students in Nepal and Sri Lanka together with cross-country comparisons. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods and Settings: The data were obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), 2007. Current tobacco use was considered as a response variable. Predictors were selected based on existing literature and theories on adolescent tobacco use. The data of 1,444 Nepalese and 1,377 Sri Lankan students aged 13–15 years was used for analysis. Results: Prevalence of tobacco use varies with 9.4% and 9.1% among Nepalese and Sri Lankan students respectively. Boys (13.2 vs. 5.3 for Nepal, 12.4 vs. 5.8 for Sri Lanka), older and senior students was more likely to be tobacco users in both countries. The average age of tobacco initiation was 10.2 years in Nepal and 8.6 years in Sri Lanka. Factors, namely, individual characteristics, tobacco use among friends, smoking at home and public places, free tobacco products, and lessons about negative effects of tobacco in class were significantly associated with tobacco use in Nepal and Sri Lanka. For instance, friends’ tobacco use was a good predictor for adolescents’ usage (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, confidence interval [CI] = 2.61–6.23 in Nepal; OR = 2.5, CI = 1.50–4.23 in Sri-Lanka). Similarly, course curriculum significantly reduced smoking among students. Conclusion: Prevention of tobacco use among school students should be top priority of a country as they are long-term customers and replacement smokers who quit or die. Therefore comprehensive strategies as we proposed along with existing prevention programmes should be tightened to stop them from hazardous behaviours.
Neutrophil differentiation into a unique hybrid population exhibiting dual phenotype and functionality of neutrophils and dendritic cells
Authors: Matsushima Hironori , Geng Shuo , Lu Ran , Okamoto Takashi , Yao Yi , Mayuzumi Nobuyasu , Kotol Paul F. , Chojnacki Benjamin J. , Miyazaki Toru , Gallo Richard L. , Takashima Akira 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsBoth immature and mature neutrophils differentiate into a previously unrecognized hybrid population when cultured with GM-CSF. The resulting hybrids exhibit dual phenotype and functionality of both neutrophils and dendritic cells.
CD8α+ DCs can be induced in the absence of transcription factors Id2, Nfil3, and Batf3
Authors: Seillet Cyril , Jackson Jacob T. , Markey Kate A. , Brady Hugh J. M. , Hill Geoffrey R. , MacDonald Kelli P. A. , Nutt Stephen L. , Belz Gabrielle T. 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsTranscription factors Batf3, Id2, and Nfil3 are not essential for induced CD8α+ DC generation. Induced CD8α+ DCs can cross-present cellular antigens.
Mechanisms of fibrin polymerization and clinical implications
Authors: Weisel John W. , Litvinov Rustem I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractResearch on all stages of fibrin polymerization, using a variety of approaches including naturally occurring and recombinant variants of fibrinogen, x-ray crystallography, electron and light microscopy, and other biophysical approaches, has revealed aspects of the molecular mechanisms involved. The ordered sequence of fibrinopeptide release is essential for the knob-hole interactions that initiate oligomer formation and the subsequent formation of 2-stranded protofibrils. Calcium ions bound both strongly and weakly to fibrin(ogen) have been localized, and some aspects of their roles are beginning to be discovered. Much less is known about the mechanisms of the lateral aggregation of protofibrils and the subsequent branching to yield a 3-dimensional network, although the αC region and B:b knob-hole binding seem to enhance lateral aggregation. Much information now exists about variations in clot structure and properties because of genetic and acquired molecular variants, environmental factors, effects of various intravascular and extravascular cells, hydrodynamic flow, and some functional consequences. The mechanical and chemical stability of clots and thrombi are affected by both the structure of the fibrin network and cross-linking by plasma transglutaminase. There are important clinical consequences to all of these new findings that are relevant for the pathogenesis of diseases, prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment.
Bacterial translational regulations: high diversity between all mRNAs and major role in gene expression
Authors: Picard Flora , Milhem Hélène , Loubière Pascal , Laurent Béatrice , Cocaign-Bousquet Muriel , Girbal Laurence 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
In bacteria, the weak correlations at the genome scale between mRNA and protein levels suggest that not all mRNAs are translated with the same efficiency. To experimentally explore mRNA translational level regulation at the systemic level, the detailed translational status (translatome) of all mRNAs was measured in the model bacterium Lactococcus lactis in exponential phase growth.

Results
Results demonstrated that only part of the entire population of each mRNA species was engaged in translation. For transcripts involved in translation, the polysome size reached a maximum of 18 ribosomes. The fraction of mRNA engaged in translation (ribosome occupancy) and ribosome density were not constant for all genes. This high degree of variability was analyzed by bioinformatics and statistical modeling in order to identify general rules of translational regulation. For most of the genes, the ribosome density was lower than the maximum value revealing major control of translation by initiation. Gene function was a major translational regulatory determinant. Both ribosome occupancy and ribosome density were particularly high for transcriptional regulators, demonstrating the positive role of translational regulation in the coordination of transcriptional networks. mRNA stability was a negative regulatory factor of ribosome occupancy and ribosome density, suggesting antagonistic regulation of translation and mRNA stability. Furthermore, ribosome occupancy was identified as a key component of intracellular protein levels underlining the importance of translational regulation.

Conclusions
We have determined, for the first time in a bacterium, the detailed translational status for all mRNAs present in the cell. We have demonstrated experimentally the high diversity of translational states allowing individual gene differentiation and the importance of translation-level regulation in the complex process linking gene expression to protein synthesis.
Homeostatic properties of Lactobacillus jensenii engineered as a live vaginal anti-HIV microbicide
Authors: Yamamoto Hidemi S , Xu Qiang , Fichorova Raina N 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Vaginal probiotics are investigated as a binary strategy for prevention of bacterial vaginosis and HIV. We applied an innovative experimental model using primary and immortalized human cervical and vaginal epithelial cells to assess the functional properties of Lactobacillus jensenii, a predominant constituent of the healthy vaginal microbiome, engineered to express the HIV-1 entry inhibitor modified cyanovirin-N (mCV-N). In this model bacteria colonize the epithelial cells over a period of 24-72 h. Staurosporine and the Toll-like receptor 2/6 ligand macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) serve as positive controls for apoptosis and proinflammatory activation, respectively. In 24-hour intervals, the colonized epithelium is assessed microscopically, supernatants are collected for measurement of soluble immunoinflammatory mediators and production of CV-N, and cells are lysed for assessment of: 1) apoptosis by cleaved versus total caspase-3 assay; 2) NF-κB activation by a luciferase reporter assay; or 3) epithelia-associated colony forming units (CFU) in Brucella agar.

Results
Wild type (WT) L. jensenii 1153 consistently colonized cervical and vaginal cells in the absence of epithelial damage and apoptosis. The bioengineered derivatives expressing mCV-N or control plasmids showed the same stable colonization pattern, which was reproducible between technologists and bacterial batches (CFU coefficient of variation <10% within and between experiments and epithelial cell types). MALP-2 activated NF-κB and caused fold-increased levels of proinflammatory mediators with clinically established significance in the cervicovaginal environment (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, RANTES, MIP-3α, and ICAM-1), measured by a multiplex electrochemiluminescence assay. At the same time levels of protective anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), both measured by ELISA, remained constant (IL-1RA) or moderately increased (SLPI). Similarly to MALP-2, colonization by L. jensenii WT activated NF-κB; however, unlike the synthetic TLR2/6 ligand, the live microorganisms did not induce significant changes in the secreted levels across all inflammation-associated proteins. The mCV-N production and function were confirmed by western blot and a HIV-1 gp120 binding assay, respectively. The bioengineered lactobacilli expressed mCV-N with anti-HIV activity preserved in the epithelial cell context and caused no significant immunoinflammatory changes as compared to the WT L. jensenii.

Conclusions
These results highlight the translational value of the colonization model and justify further clinical investigation of the homeostatic and anti-HIV effectiveness of the L. jensenii derivates.
IL-11 produced by breast cancer cells augments osteoclastogenesis by sustaining the pool of osteoclast progenitor cells
Authors: McCoy Erin M , Hong Huixian , Pruitt Hawley C , Feng Xu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Interleukin (IL)-11, a cytokine produced by breast cancer, has been implicated in breast cancer-induced osteolysis (bone destruction) but the mechanism(s) of action remain controversial. Some studies show that IL-11 is able to promote osteoclast formation independent of the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), while others demonstrate IL-11 can induce osteoclast formation by inducing osteoblasts to secrete RANKL. This work aims to further investigate the role of IL-11 in metastasis-induced osteolysis by addressing a new hypothesis that IL-11 exerts effects on osteoclast progenitor cells.

Methods
To address the precise role of breast cancer-derived IL-11 in osteoclastogenesis, we determined the effect of breast cancer conditioned media on osteoclast progenitor cells with or without an IL-11 neutralizing antibody. We next investigated whether recombinant IL-11 exerts effects on osteoclast progenitor cells and survival of mature osteoclasts. Finally, we examined the ability of IL-11 to mediate osteoclast formation in tissue culture dishes and on bone slices in the absence of RANKL, with suboptimal levels of RANKL, or from RANKL-pretreated murine bone marrow macrophages (BMMs).

Results
We found that freshly isolated murine bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of breast cancer conditioned media for 6 days gave rise to a population of cells which were able to form osteoclasts upon treatment with RANKL and M-CSF. Moreover, a neutralizing anti-IL-11 antibody significantly inhibited the ability of breast cancer conditioned media to promote the development and/or survival of osteoclast progenitor cells. Similarly, recombinant IL-11 was able to sustain a population of osteoclast progenitor cells. However, IL-11 was unable to exert any effect on osteoclast survival, induce osteoclastogenesis independent of RANKL, or promote osteoclastogenesis in suboptimal RANKL conditions.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that a) IL-11 plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis by stimulating the development and/or survival of osteoclast progenitor cells and b) breast cancer may promote osteolysis in part by increasing the pool of osteoclast progenitor cells via tumor cell-derived IL-11. However, given the heterogeneous nature of the bone marrow cells, the precise mechanism by which IL-11 treatment gives rise to a population of osteoclast progenitor cells warrants further investigation.