bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inequalities in ventilation tube insertion procedures between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in New South Wales, Australia: a data linkage study
Authors: Falster Kathleen , Randall Deborah , Banks Emily , Eades Sandra , Gunasekera Hasantha , Reath Jennifer , Jorm Louisa 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesAustralian Aboriginal children experience earlier, more frequent and more severe otitis media, particularly in remote communities, than non-Aboriginal children. Insertion of ventilation tubes is the main surgical procedure for otitis media. Our aim was to quantify inequalities in ventilation tube insertion (VTI) procedures between Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children, and to explore the influence of birth characteristics, socioeconomic background and geographical remoteness on this inequality.DesignRetrospective cohort study using linked hospital and mortality data from July 2000 to December 2008.Setting and participantsA whole-of-population cohort of 653 550 children (16 831 Aboriginal and 636 719 non-Aboriginal) born in a New South Wales hospital between 1 July 2000 and 31 December 2007 was included in the analysis.Outcome measureFirst VTI procedure.ResultsVTI rates were lower in Aboriginal compared with non-Aboriginal children (incidence rate (IR), 4.3/1000 person-years; 95% CI 3.8 to 4.8 vs IR 5.8/1000 person-years; 95% CI 5.7 to 5.8). Overall, Aboriginal children were 28% less likely than non-Aboriginal children to have ventilation tubes inserted (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted rate ratios (RRs) 0.72; 95% CI 0.64 to 0.80). After adjusting additionally for geographical remoteness, Aboriginal children were 19% less likely to have ventilation tubes inserted (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.91). After adjusting separately for private patient/health insurance status and area socioeconomic status, there was no significant difference (age-adjusted and sex-adjusted RR 0.96; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.08 and RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.83 to 1.04, respectively). In the fully adjusted model, there were no significant differences in VTI rates between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.19).ConclusionsDespite a much higher prevalence of otitis media, Aboriginal children were less likely to receive VTI procedures than their non-Aboriginal counterparts; this inequality was largely explained by differences in socioeconomic status and geographical remoteness.
Effect of birth weight on the association between necrotising enterocolitis and red blood cell transfusions in ≤1500 g infants
Authors: Elabiad Mohamad Tammam , Harsono Mimily , Talati Ajay J , Dhanireddy Ramasubbareddy 
Published: November 2013

ContextReports evaluating a possible association between necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and blood transfusion have been predominantly case–control studies. As the possible associations of disease with any variable on which cases and controls have been matched cannot be explored, a cohort study would offer a solution to this problem.ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the association between exposure to a packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion and development of NEC in a cohort where biases of matching are omitted.DesignIn a retrospective cohort, exposed infants were defined as those who received a transfusion and did not develop NEC or developed NEC within 48 h of the transfusion. All others were considered unexposed.SettingA single regional perinatal centre in Memphis, Tennessee, USA.Patients3060 ≤1500 g birth weights (BW) were included.Outcome measuresThe relative risk of developing NEC after exposure to a PRBC transfusion was measured.Results3060 infants were identified. 174 infants (5.7%) developed NEC; 116 of the 174 infants (67%) were exposed. NEC infants had a significantly lower BW (924 vs 1042 g) and required a longer stay on a ventilator (7 vs 2 days). Divided into groups, infants with BW ≤750 , 751–1000 , 1001–1250 g and 1251–1500 g (n=52, 51, 46 and 25, respectively) had a relative risk of 0.14, 0.46, 1.83 and 1.78 (p<0.01, 0.02, 0.07 and 0.17), respectively, to develop NEC after an exposure. Infants with longest ventilator days were also significantly less likely to develop NEC after an exposure; relative risk=0.11 (p<0.01).ConclusionsExposure to transfusions was less likely associated with NEC in ≤1000 g infants and remained a risk factor in 1001–1500 infants. BW has to be factored in any study evaluating the association between PRBC transfusions and NEC.
Time to publication for NIHR HTA programme-funded research: a cohort study
Authors: Chinnery Fay , Young Amanda , Goodman Jennie , Ashton-Key Martin , Milne Ruairidh 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the time to publication of primary research and evidence syntheses funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Programme published as a monograph inHealth Technology Assessmentand as a journal article in the wider biomedical literature.Study designRetrospective cohort study.SettingPrimary research and evidence synthesis projects funded by the HTA Programme were included in the cohort if they were registered in the NIHR research programmes database and was planned to submit the draft final report for publication inHealth Technology Assessmenton or before 9 December 2011.Main outcome measuresThe median time to publication and publication at 30 months inHealth Technology Assessmentand in an external journal were determined by searching the NIHR research programmes database and HTA Programme website.ResultsOf 458 included projects, 184 (40.2%) were primary research projects and 274 (59.8%) were evidence syntheses. A total of 155 primary research projects had a completion date; the median time to publication was 23 months (26.5 and 35.5 months to publish a monograph and to publish in an external journal, respectively) and 69% were published within 30 months. The median time to publication of HTA-funded trials (n=126) was 24 months and 67.5% were published within 30 months. Among the evidence syntheses with a protocol online date (n=223), the median time to publication was 25.5 months (28 months to publication as a monograph), but only 44.4% of evidence synthesis projects were published in an external journal. 65% of evidence synthesis studies had been published within 30.0 months.ConclusionsResearch funded by the HTA Programme publishes promptly. The importance ofHealth Technology Assessmentwas highlighted as the median time to publication was 9 months shorter for a monograph than an external journal article.
Holocene erosion at the summit of Ingleborough, Yorkshire Dales, northern England, indicated by cosmogenic
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Be surface exposure dating
Authors: Wilson Peter , Lord Tom , Schnabel Christoph , Vincent Peter J. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Four gritstone outcrops around the summit rim of Ingleborough in the Yorkshire Dales, northern England, have yielded early to mid-Holocene cosmogenic
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Be surface exposure ages, ranging from 10.61 ± 0.53 ka to 6.84 ± 0.35 ka. Taken at face value, the ages indicate that the outcrops became exposed to cosmic radiation at different times and consequently were not necessarily exposed as a result of the same single process at each site. Erosion of overlying gritstone debris during periods of climatic deterioration, during construction of a stone rampart, and during rock-slope failure may have all contributed to the exposure ages of these surfaces. Some of the ages may be compound in that a component of their isotope signal was acquired prior to the complete removal of the former debris cover. Although interpretation of the data set involves some speculation, the ages and topographic context of the samples indicate that the processes and timing of mountain top erosion may vary at small spatial scales.
Antioxidants Supplementation in Elderly Cardiovascular Patients
Authors: Otero-Losada Matilde , Vila Susana , Azzato F. , Milei José 
Published: November 2013

Supplementation with antioxidants and its benefit-risk relationship have been largely discussed in the elderly population. We evaluated whether antioxidants supplementation improved the biochemical profile associated with oxidative metabolism in elderly cardiovascular patients. Patients (n=112) received daily supplementation withα-TP 400 mg, beta-carotene 40 mg, and vitamin C 1000 mg for 2 months (treatment). Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (α-TP),β-carotene (βC), ubiquinol-10 (QH-10), glutathione, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined before and after treatment. Response to treatment was dependent on pretreatmentα-TP andβC levels. Increase inα-TP andβC levels was observed only in patients with basal levels <18 μM forα-TP (P<0.01) and <0.30 μM forβC (P<0.02). Ubiquinol-10, glutathione, and TBARS were unaffected by treatment: QH-10 (+57%, F1,110=3.611,P<0.06, and N.S.), glutathione (+21%, F1,110=2.92,P<0.09, and N.S.), and TBARS (−29%, F1,110=2.26,P<0.14, and N.S.). Treatment reduced oxidative metabolism: 5.3% versus 14.6% basal value (F1,110=9.21,P<0.0003). Basal TBARS/α-TP ratio was higher in smokers compared to nonsmokers: 0.11 ± 0.02 versus 0.06 ± 0.01 (F32,80=1.63,P<0.04). Response to antioxidant supplementation was dependent on basal plasma levels ofα-TP andβC. Smoking status was strongly associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and high TBARS/α-TP ratio (lipid peroxidation).
Low-Level Laser Stimulation on Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Treatments for Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats
Authors: Shen Chiung-Chyi , Yang Yi-Chin , Chiao Ming-Tsang , Chan Shiuh-Chuan , Liu Bai-Shuan 
Published: December 2013

This study investigated the effects of large-area irradiation from a low-level laser on the proliferation and differentiation of i-ADSCs in neuronal cells. MTT assays indicated no significant difference between the amount of cells with (LS+) and without (LS−) laser treatment (P>0.05). However, immunofluorescent staining and western blot analysis results indicated a significant increase in the neural stem-cell marker, nestin, following exposure to low-level laser irradiation (P<0.05). Furthermore, stem cell implantation was applied to treat rats suffering from stroke. At 28 days posttreatment, the motor functions of the rats treated using i-ADSCs (LS+) did not differ greatly from those in the sham group and HE-stained brain tissue samples exhibited near-complete recovery with nearly no brain tissue damage. However, the motor functions of the rats treated using i-ADSCs (LS−) remained somewhat dysfunctional and tissue displayed necrotic scarring and voids. The western blot analysis also revealed significant expression of oligo-2 in the rats treated using i-ADSCs (LS+) as well as in the sham group (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that low-level laser irradiation exerts a positive effect on the differentiation of i-ADSCs and can be employed to treat rats suffering from ischemic stroke to regain motor functions.Corrigendum to “Low-Level Laser Stimulation on Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Treatments for Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats”
Compensatory Functions and Interdependency of the DNA-Binding Domain of BRCA2 with the BRCA1–PALB2–BRCA2 Complex
Authors: Al Abo Muthana , Dejsuphong Donniphat , Hirota Kouji , Yonetani Yasukazu , Yamazoe Mitsuyoshi , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Takeda Shunichi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 are key players in cellular tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents, including camptothecin, cisplatin, and PARP inhibitor. The N-terminal segment of BRCA2 interacts with PALB2, thus contributing to the formation of the BRCA1–PALB2–BRCA2 complex. To understand the role played by BRCA2 in this complex, we deleted its N-terminal segment and generated BRCA2ΔN mutant cells. Although previous studies have suggested that BRCA1–PALB2 plays a role in the recruitment of BRCA2 to DNA-damage sites, BRCA2ΔN mutant cells displayed a considerably milder phenotype than did BRCA2−/− null-deficient cells. We hypothesized that the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of BRCA2 might compensate for a defect in BRCA2ΔN that prevented stable interaction with PALB2. To test this hypothesis, we disrupted the DBD of BRCA2 in wild-type and BRCA2ΔN cells. Remarkably, although the resulting BRCA2ΔDBD cells displayed a moderate phenotype, the BRCA2ΔN+ΔDBD cells displayed a very severe phenotype, as did the BRCA2−/− cells, suggesting that the N-terminal segment and the DBD play a substantially overlapping role in the functionality of BRCA2. We also showed that the formation of both the BRCA1–PALB2–BRCA2 complex and the DBD is required for efficient recruitment of BRCA2 to DNA-damage sites. Our study revealed the essential role played by both the BRCA1–PALB2–BRCA2 complex and the DBD in the functionality of BRCA2, as each can compensate for the other in the recruitment of BRCA2 to DNA-damage sites. This knowledge adds to our ability to accurately predict the efficacy of antimalignant therapies for patients carrying mutations in the BRCA2 gene. Cancer Res; 74(3); 797–807. ©2013 AACR.
Increased Rate of Phenocopies in All Age Groups in BRCA1/BRCA2 Mutation Kindred, but Increased Prospective Breast Cancer Risk Is Confined to BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Evans D. Gareth R. , Ingham Sarah L. , Buchan Iain , Woodward Emma R. , Byers Helen , Howell Anthony , Maher Eamonn R. , Newman William G. , Lalloo Fiona 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background: To establish, if among unaffected noncarrier relatives in a family with an established BRCA1/2 mutation, there is an increased risk of breast cancer.
Methods: We identified 49 women with breast cancer who were first-degree relatives of a pathogenic mutation carrier among 807 BRCA1/2 families but who tested negative for the specific mutation. A prospective analysis of breast cancer from date of family ascertainment was performed for first-degree relatives of proven BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and compared with population-expected incidence rates.
Results: Women who prospectively test negative for BRCA1/2 mutations showed excess risk of breast cancer to be confined to BRCA2 noncarriers with an observed:expected (O/E) ratio of 4.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.50–7.67; P &lt; 0.0001; O/E in BRCA1 noncarriers, 1.77]; this dropped to 2.01 for BRCA2 [relative risk (RR), 1.99; 95% CI, 0.54–5.10] from date of predictive test. Genotyping of 18 breast cancer susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) defined an RR of 1.31 for BRCA2 breast cancer phenocopies with a breast cancer diagnosis at age less than 60 years.
Conclusion: Noncarriers remain at risk in the prospective follow-up of women who tested negative for BRCA1/2. Women testing negative in BRCA2 families may have increased risk of breast cancer compared with population levels, particularly with strong breast cancer history in close relatives. Any increased risk in BRCA1 families is likely to be insufficient to recommend additional interventions.
Impact: Our work can help with counseling women from BRCA1/2 families who have tested negative, and could impact on how individual breast cancer risk is related back to these women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(12); 2269–76. ©2013 AACR.
Identification of a Subset of Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with High PI3Kβ and Low PTEN Expression, More Prevalent in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cumberbatch Marie , Tang Ximing , Beran Garry , Eckersley Sonia , Wang Xin , Ellston Rebecca P.A. , Dearden Simon , Cosulich Sabina , Smith Paul D. , Behrens Carmen , Kim Edward S. , Su Xinying , Fan Shuqiong , Gray Neil , Blowers David P. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Womack Chris 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Purpose: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is a major oncogenic signaling pathway and an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Signaling through the PI3K pathway is moderated by the tumor suppressor PTEN, which is deficient or mutated in many human cancers. Molecular characterization of the PI3K signaling network has not been well defined in lung cancer; in particular, the role of PI3Kβ and its relation to PTEN in non–small cell lung cancer NSCLC remain unclear.
Experimental Design: Antibodies directed against PI3Kβ and PTEN were validated and used to examine, by immunohistochemistry, expression in 240 NSCLC resection tissues [tissue microarray (TMA) set 1]. Preliminary observations were extended to an independent set of tissues (TMA set 2) comprising 820 NSCLC patient samples analyzed in a separate laboratory applying the same validated antibodies and staining protocols. The staining intensities for PI3Kβ and PTEN were explored and colocalization of these markers in individual tumor cores were correlated.
Results: PI3Kβ expression was elevated significantly in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared with adenocarcinomas. In contrast, PTEN loss was greater in SCC than in adenocarcinoma. Detailed correlative analyses of individual patient samples revealed a significantly greater proportion of SCC in TMA set 1 with higher PI3Kβ and lower PTEN expression when compared with adenocarcinoma. These findings were reinforced following independent analyses of TMA set 2.
Conclusions: We identify for the first time a subset of NSCLC more prevalent in SCC, with elevated expression of PI3Kβ accompanied by a reduction/loss of PTEN, for whom selective PI3Kβ inhibitors may be predicted to achieve greater clinical benefit. Clin Cancer Res; 20(3); 595–603. ©2013 AACR.
Anticoagulant effects of statins and their clinical implications
Authors: Brummel-Ziedins Kathleen E. , Mann Kenneth G. , Undas Anetta 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThere is evidence indicating that statins (3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) may produce several cholesterol-independent antithrombotic effects. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of the interactions between statins and blood coagulation and their potential relevance to the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Anticoagulant properties of statins reported in experimental and clinical studies involve decreased tissue factor expression resulting in reduced thrombin generation and attenuation of pro-coagulant reactions catalysed by thrombin, such as fibrinogen cleavage, factor V and factor XIII activation, as well as enhanced endothelial thrombomodulin expression, resulting in increased protein C activation and factor Va inactivation. Observational studies and one randomized trial have shown reduced VTE risk in subjects receiving statins, although their findings still generate much controversy and suggest that the most potent statin rosuvastatin exerts the largest effect.
Description of larvae of two closely related species Cassida palaestina Reiche, 1858 and Cassida rubiginosa Müller, 1776 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae)
Authors: ŚWIĘTOJAŃSKA JOLANTA , MORADIAN HOSSEIN , BOROWIEC LECH , OSTOVAN HADI 
Published: November 2013

Larvae of two closely related species Cassida palaestina Reiche, 1858 and Cassida rubiginosa Müller, 1776 are described in detail including SEM microstructures. First instars are extremely similar with no clear diagnostic characters, larvae of Cassida palaestina are slightly more contrastingly coloured than larvae of C. rubiginosa, the latter having darker scoli, basal part of supra-anal processes and legs. Last instars differ in very subtle but constant characters: lateral scoli of C. palaestina are slightly shorter than those of C. rubiginosa, in C. palaestina tops of the lateral branches are armed apically with an elongate cauliflower-shaped sensillum while in C. rubiginosa tops of the lateral branches are more often armed with a pointed seta than with an elongate cauliflower-shaped sensillum, and cauliflower-shaped sensilla on tergites are less elongate in C. palaestina than in C. rubiginosa. These differences accompanied by distinguishing characters of adults and their distribution range indicate that both taxa are probably vicariant species with partial parapatric occurrence. Centaurea behen is a new host plant for C. palaestina.
Eviota santanai, a new Dwarfgoby from Timor-Leste (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: Greenfield David W. , ERDMANN MARK V. 
Published: November 2013

Eviota santanai is described based on four specimens from Timor-Leste, taken in 5–8 m depth. In general coloration pattern, the species is most similar to E. latifasciata, but differs in the cephalic sensory-pore system pattern, the absence of an occipital spot, and live color including pinkish-mauve bars. Eviota santanai has a dorsal/anal fin-ray formula of 8/8, 5th pelvic-fin ray absent, some lower pectoral-fin rays branched, and IT and PITO pores absent.
Estimation of Subsurface Temperatures in the Tattapani Geothermal Field, Central India, from Limited Volume of Magnetotelluric Data and Borehole Thermograms Using a Constructive Back-Propagation Neural Network
Authors: Akpan Anthony E. , Narayanan Mahesh , Harinarayana T. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
A constructive back-propagation code that was designed to run as a single-hidden-layer, feed-forward neural network (SLFFNN) has been adapted and used to estimate subsurface temperature from a small volume of magnetotelluric (MT)-derived electrical resistivity data and borehole thermograms. The code was adapted to use a looping procedure in searching for better initialization conditions that can optimally solve nonlinear problems using the random weight initialization approach. Available one-dimensional (1D) MT-derived resistivity data and borehole temperature records from the Tattapani geothermal field, central India, were collated and digitized at 10-m intervals. The two datasets were paired to form a set of input–output pairs. The paired data were randomized, standardized, and partitioned into three mutually exclusive subsets. The various subsets had 52% (later increased to 61%), 30%, and 18% (later reduced to 9%) for training, validation, and testing, respectively, in the first and second training phases. The second training phase was meant to assess the influence of the training data volume on network performance. Standard statistical techniques including adjusted coefficient of determination (R2a), relative error (ɛ), absolute average deviation (AAD), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and regression analysis were used to quantitatively rate network performance. A manually designed two-hidden-layer, feed-forward network with 20 and 15 neurons in the first and second layers was also adopted in solving the same problem. Performance ratings were observed to be 0.97, 3.75, 4.09, 1.41, 1.18, and 1.08 for R2a, AAD, ɛ, RMSE, slope, and intercept, respectively, compared to an ɛ of 20.33 observed with the manually designed network. The SLFFNN is thus a structurally flexible network that performs better in spite of the small volume of data used in testing the network. The network needs to be tested further.