bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Metal Aggregation in Copper Acetate Chain Coordination Polymers with Dipyridyl Tethers Bearing Hydrogen Bonding Capable Functional Groups
Authors: Uebler Jacob W. , Stone Brandon S. , LaDuca Robert L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHydrothermal synthesis has afforded a pair of divalent copper acetate coordination polymers containing either 4, 4′‐dipyridylamine (dpa) or 4‐pyridylisonicotinamide (4‐pina), both of which hydrogen‐bonding capable central functional groups. X‐ray crystallography revealed that both exhibit a 1D chain dimensionality. Use of the kinked tethering ligand dpa produced [Cu(OAc)2(dpa)]n (1), which possesses a simple chain based on dpa linkage of isolated copper ions. On the other hand, employing the straighter amide ligand 4‐pina generated {[Cu(OAc)2(4‐pina)]·0.5H2O}n (2), which exhibits {Cu2O2} rhomboid dimers formed through bridging acetate ligands. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling [g = 1.984(3), J = –3.2(3) cm–1] was observed within the axial‐equatorial bridged {Cu2O2} dimers in 2, with possible ferrimagnetism due to spin canting below 11 K.
Usefulness of biochemical parameters in decision‐making on the start of emergency treatment in patients with propionic acidemia
Authors: Zwickler Tamaris , Riderer Alina , Haege Gisela , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kölker Stefan , Burgard Peter 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent acute and life‐threatening metabolic decompensations are thought to be the major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with propionic acidemia (PA). Since metabolic decompensations in these patients usually develop gradually, there is considerable uncertainty about the beginning and when emergency treatment should be initiated. The major aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of biochemical parameters for improving decision‐making on the start of emergency treatment.MethodsWe analysed data of 16 PA patients continuously followed in our centre. Metabolic decompensation was defined clinically by the occurrence of at least one of three alarming symptoms: vomiting, food refusal or impaired consciousness. Thirty‐eight biochemical parameters were analysed.ResultsA total of 259 metabolic decompensations were documented and compared with 625 routine visits. Among the symptoms used to clinically define metabolic decompensations, vomiting was most frequent (87 %). In total, 19 biochemical parameters differentiated between metabolic decompensations and routine visits. Among them ammonia, acid–base balance and anion gap were most reliable to identify a metabolic decompensation, and to estimate its severity. A comparative analysis of patients with PA and methylmalonic acidemia during metabolic decompensation showed similar results.ConclusionsAmmonia, acid–base balance and anion gap are important biochemical parameters to identify an (impending) metabolic decompensation and to assess its severity in PA patients. The identified biochemical parameters should be integrated in an algorithm for clinical decision‐making on emergency treatment and should be tested in a prospective trial.
Combined effects of social pressure from the inside and outside of fishing communities promote cooperation for stock management
Authors: Furuzono Yuto , Yamakawa Takashi , Ohnishi Shuhei , Kaneko Takaomi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe analyze a coupled socioeconomic and bioeconomic dynamics model for fisheries management in a local community. In the model, fishermen choose to cooperate with the fisheries management rule or not at each time step, depending on the utilities of each option. The social dynamics is coupled with the dynamics of the stock biomass. Fishermen's utility basically depends on their catch, and the utility function of the noncooperative option is penalized by a psychological punishment, “social pressure”, which is affected by both the fraction of cooperative players and stock abundance. We classify social pressure into two categories: pressure originating from the inside and from the outside of the community. We develop a utility function with these social pressures and analyze the coupled dynamics. Our results show that all fishermen can end up cooperating with the management rule if both sources of internal and external social pressure have sufficient effect. The results imply that psychological aspects on fishermen can have an important role for successful management of local fisheries.
Impact of collisional versus viscous dissipation on flow instabilities in gas–solid systems
Authors: Yin Xiaolong , Zenk John R. , Mitrano Peter P. , Hrenya Christine M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFlow instabilities encountered in the homogeneous cooling of a gas–solid system are considered via lattice-Boltzmann simulations. Unlike previous efforts, the relative contribution of the two mechanisms leading to instabilities is explored: viscous dissipation (fluid-phase effects) and collisional dissipation (particle-phase effects). The results indicate that the instabilities encountered in the gas–solid system mimic those previously observed in their granular (no fluid) counterparts, namely a velocity vortex instability that precedes in time a clustering instability. We further observe that the onset of the instabilities is quicker in more dissipative systems, regardless of the source of the dissipation. Somewhat surprisingly however, a cross-over of the kinetic energy levels is observed during the evolution of the instability. Specifically, the kinetic energy of the gas–solid system is seen to become greater than that of its granular counterpart (i.e. same restitution coefficient) after the vortex instability sets in. This cross-over of kinetic energy levels between a more dissipative system (gas–solid) and a less dissipative system (granular) can be explained by the alignment of particle motion found in a vortex. Such alignment leads to a reduction in both collisional and viscous energy dissipation due to the more glancing nature of collisions.
Comparison of milks processed by the direct and indirect methods of ultra-high-temperature sterilization: V. Denaturation of the whey proteins
Authors: Lyster R. L. J. , Wyeth T. C. , Perkin A. G. , Burton H. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe distribution of protein nitrogen was determined in milk treated by an experimental ultra-high-temperature (UHT) plant, operating alternatively as an indirect or as a direct heating plant.The extent of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin can be used to assess the relative severity of UHT heat treatments; this criterion was used to compare the indirect and direct arrangements of the plant with each other and with other published results.The time-temperature profiles of the plant were used to calculate the expected extent of denaturation of β-lactoglobulin during treatment of the milk. The results of the calculations are in fair agreement with the analytical results.
APeltulaNyl. diversity hotspot in north-east Portugal, with one species new to science and three species new to mainland Europe
Authors: MARQUES Joana , SCHULTZ Matthias , PAZ-BERMÚDEZ Graciela 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRecent fieldwork carried out for the study of the lichen flora in the Upper Douro region (north-east Portugal) has resulted in a remarkable collection ofPeltulaspecimens, including one new species (Peltula lobataJ. Marques, M. Schultz & Paz-Berm.), three new species records for mainland Europe [Peltula bolanderi(Tuck.) Wetmore,Peltula farinosaBüdel andPeltula zahbruckneri(Hasse) Wetmore] and seven species new for mainland Portugal, that are reported here with a notes on their morphology and currently known distribution. The new speciesPeltula lobatais differentiated from any other knownPeltulaspecies by its thallus shape and size, presence of large, sessile apothecia with widely opened discs and by a complete absence of soredia. Identical specimens were also obtained from the nearby locality of Siega Verde in the province of Salamanca, and from the southern locality of Abla in the province of Almeria, both in Spain. New insights into the morphological diversity ofPeltula euplocaandPeltula bolanderiare also provided. The region is revealed to be a hotspot forPeltuladiversity and a very promising area for further research on the morphological and molecular variation among the former species. A revised key to European species of the genus is also presented.
An integrated theory of language production and comprehension
Authors: Pickering Martin J. , Garrod Simon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCurrently, production and comprehension are regarded as quite distinct in accounts of language processing. In rejecting this dichotomy, we instead assert that producing and understanding are interwoven, and that this interweaving is what enables people to predict themselves and each other. We start by noting that production and comprehension are forms of action and action perception. We then consider the evidence for interweaving in action, action perception, and joint action, and explain such evidence in terms of prediction. Specifically, we assume that actors construct forward models of their actions before they execute those actions, and that perceivers of others' actions covertly imitate those actions, then construct forward models of those actions. We use these accounts of action, action perception, and joint action to develop accounts of production, comprehension, and interactive language. Importantly, they incorporate well-defined levels of linguistic representation (such as semantics, syntax, and phonology). We show (a) how speakers and comprehenders use covert imitation and forward modeling to make predictions at these levels of representation, (b) how they interweave production and comprehension processes, and (c) how they use these predictions to monitor the upcoming utterances. We show how these accounts explain a range of behavioral and neuroscientific data on language processing and discuss some of the implications of our proposal.
It ain't what you do (it's the way that you do it)
Authors: Aitken Kenneth John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractKnowledge of the complexity of human communication comes from three main sources – (i) studies of the linguistics and neuropsychology of dysfunction after brain injury; (ii) studies of the development of social communication in infancy, and its dysfunction in developmental psychopathologies; and (iii) the evolutionary history of human communicative interaction. Together, these suggest the need for a broad, integrated theory of communication of which language forms a small but critical component.
Evidence for, and predictions from, forward modeling in language production
Authors: Alario F.-Xavier , Hamamé Carlos M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPickering & Garrod (P&G) put forward the interesting idea that language production relies on forward modeling operating at multiple processing levels. The evidence currently available to substantiate this idea mostly concerns sensorimotor processes and not more abstract linguistic levels (e.g., syntax, semantics, phonology). The predictions that follow from the claim seem too general, in their current form, to guide specific empirical tests.
Forward modelling requires intention recognition and non-impoverished predictions
Authors: de Ruiter Jan P. , Cummins Chris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe encourage Pickering & Garrod (P&G) to implement this promising theory in a computational model. The proposed theory crucially relies on having an efficient and reliable mechanism for early intention recognition. Furthermore, the generation of impoverished predictions is incompatible with a number of key phenomena that motivated P&G's theory. Explaining these phenomena requires fully specified perceptual predictions in both comprehension and production.
What is the context of prediction?
Authors: Yoon Si On , Brown-Schmidt Sarah 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe agree with Pickering & Garrod's (P&G's) claim that theories of language processing must address the interconnection of language production and comprehension. However, we have two concerns: First, the central notion of context when predicting what another person will say is underspecified. Second, it is not clear that P&G's dual-mechanism model captures the data better than a single-mechanism model would.
Public services in Erfurt and Frankfurt am Main compared (c. 1890–1914): capabilities in Prussia?
Authors: SCHMIDT JÜRGEN 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHow can a modern concept like Amartya Sen's capability approach be introduced in historical studies? One possibility is to ask how public services were implemented in municipal policy and how these services open up capabilities for the individuals of a city. This article uses Sen's theoretical framework as an analytical tool to explore two Prussian towns, Erfurt and Frankfurt am Main, and their public services (job centres and tramway systems) as examples of social policy at the local level.
Looking for adolescents' well-being: self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of positive thinking and happiness
Authors: Caprara Gian Vittorio , Steca Patrizia , Gerbino Maria , Paciello Marinella , Vecchio Giovanni Maria 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYAims– The present study is part of a longitudinal project aimed at identifying the personal characteristics and the developmental pathways conducive to successful adaptation from childhood to adulthood. The study examined the concurrent and longitudinal impact of self-efficacy beliefs on subjective well-being in adolescence, namely positive thinking and happiness. Positive thinking has been operationalized as the latent dimension underlying life satisfaction, self-esteem and optimism. Happiness has been operationalized as the difference between positive and negative affects, as they are experienced in a variety of daily situations.Methods– In a group of 664 Italian adolescents, a structural model positing adolescents' emotional and interpersonal self-efficacy beliefs as proximal and distal determinants of positive thinking and happiness has been tested.Results– Findings attest to the impact of affective and interpersonal-social self-efficacy beliefs on positive thinking and happiness both concurrently and longitudinally.Conclusions– Adolescents' self-efficacy beliefs to manage positive and negative emotions and interpersonal relationships contribute to promote positive expectations about the future, to mantain a high self-concept, to perceive a sense of satisfaction for the life and to experience more positive emotions.Declaration of Interest: none.
Categorization and legality of autonomous and remote weapons systems
Authors: Liu Hin-Yan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article reconsiders the status and legality of both autonomous and remote weapons systems under international humanitarian law. Technologically advanced unmanned military systems are being introduced into the modern battlespace with insufficient recognition of their potential challenge to international humanitarian law. The article questions the understanding of both autonomous and remote weapons systems as ‘weapons’ and seeks to consider how their use may impact existing legal categories. Their use is then specifically situated to consider the legality of their deployment in certain contexts. Finally, the article raises the question of impunity for the use of both autonomous and remote weapons systems that arise from the inability to attribute responsibility for the harm they cause. It is imperative that law and policy are developed to govern the development and deployment of these advanced weapons systems to forestall these likely situations of impunity.
Beyond the Call of Duty: why shouldn't video game players face the same dilemmas as real soldiers?
Authors: Clarke Ben , Rouffaer Christian , Sénéchaud François 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVideo games are influencing users' perceptions about what soldiers are permitted to do during war. They may also be influencing the way combatants actually behave during today's armed conflicts. While highly entertaining escapism for millions of players, some video games create the impression that prohibited acts, such as torture and extrajudicial killing are standard behaviour. The authors argue that further integration of international humanitarian law (IHL) can improve knowledge of the rules of war among millions of players, including aspiring recruits and deployed soldiers. This, in turn, offers the promise of greater respect for IHL on tomorrow's battlefields.
Do plant traits explain tree seedling survival in bogs?
Authors: Limpens Juul , van Egmond Emily , Li Bingxi , Holmgren Milena 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Moss‐dominated peat bogs store approximately 30% of global soil carbon. A climate induced‐shift from current moss‐dominated conditions to tree‐dominated states is expected to strongly affect their functioning and carbon sequestration capacity. Consequently, unravelling the mechanisms that may explain successful tree seedling establishment in these ecosystems is highly relevant.

To assess the role of drought on early tree seedling establishment and the relative importance of plant traits in tree seedling survival, we conducted a factorial glasshouse experiment with seven conifer species.

Our results show that drought inhibits moss growth, thereby increasing survival of tree seedlings. Survival success was higher in Pinus than in Picea species, ranking Pinus banksiana > Pinus sylvestris > Pinus nigra > Picea mariana > Picea glauca, Picea sitchensis > Picea rubens. We found that those species most successful under dry and wet conditions combined a fast shoot growth with high seed mass.

We conclude that plant traits contribute to explaining successful early tree seedling establishment in bogs.
DNA barcode analysis of butterfly species fromPakistan points towards regional endemism
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Akhtar Saleem , Khan Arif M. , Adamowicz Sarah J. , Hebert Paul D. N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDNAbarcodes were obtained for 81 butterfly species belonging to 52 genera from sites in north‐centralPakistan to test the utility of barcoding for their identification and to gain a better understanding of regional barcode variation. These species represent 25% of the butterfly fauna ofPakistan and belong to five families, although theNymphalidae were dominant, comprising 38% of the total specimens. Barcode analysis showed that maximum conspecific divergence was 1.6%, while there was 1.7–14.3% divergence from the nearest neighbour species. Barcode records for 55 species showed <2% sequence divergence to records in theBarcode ofLifeDataSystems (BOLD), but only 26 of these cases involved specimens from neighbouring India and Central Asia. Analysis revealed that most species showed little incremental sequence variation when specimens from other regions were considered, but a threefold increase was noted in a few cases. There was a clear gap between maximum intraspecific and minimum nearest neighbour distance for all 81 species. Neighbour‐joining cluster analysis showed that members of each species formed a monophyletic cluster with strong bootstrap support. The barcode results revealed two provisional species that could not be clearly linked to known taxa, while 24 other species gained their first coverage. Future work should extend the barcode reference library to include all butterfly species fromPakistan as well as neighbouring countries to gain a better understanding of regional variation in barcode sequences in this topographically and climatically complex region.
Value elicitation for multiple quantities of a quasi‐public good using open ended choice experiments and uniform price auctions
Authors: Elbakidze Levan , Nayga Rodolfo M. , Li Hao , McIntosh Chris 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChoice experiments and experimental auctions have become popular mechanisms for estimating willingness to pay (WTP). However, these methods have primarily been used for estimating WTP for single units of goods. We analyze the results from experimental auctions and choice experiments in the context of multiple quantities of a quasi‐public good (animal welfare product). We show that the use of WTP values for a single unit of a product, a common practice in experimental valuation literature, can result in underestimation of aggregate demand. We use and compare open ended choice experiments (OECE), second price Vickrey auctions, and random Nth price auctions as mechanisms for valuing WTP. Our results also suggest that individual level demand estimates from OECE are less elastic than demand estimates from uniform price auctions.
How best to approach endocrine evaluation in patients with HIV in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy?
Authors: Wren Alison 
Published: June 2013

SummaryEndocrine and metabolic dysfunction has been documented throughout the history of clinical experience with HIV and AIDS. Opportunistic infections such as CMV and TB adrenalitis, tumours affecting endocrine organs, and cachexia and wasting can still be seen, particulary in severely immunocompromised individuals who may be noncompliant with, resistant to, or without access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, in those with good control of their HIV infection, the profile of endocrinopathy in HIV has largely changed with the advent of highly effective combination ART. The problems that we now more frequently see in people living for many years with low viral loads and good CD4 counts relate to side effects or interactions of therapy. These included adverse metabolic effects of antiretrovirals, most notably dyslipidaemia and lipodystrophy with protease inhibitors, drug–drug interactions, including marked CYP3A4 inhibition with protease inhibitors and autoimmune endocrinopathy as part of an immune reconstitution syndrome after initiation of antiretrovirals. In addition, chronic endocrine and metabolic disorders, including hypogonadism and osteoporosis, occur at higher levels than in the background population, associated with chronic illness, lower body weight and use of both prescribed and nonprescribed drugs.
Are serotonin metabolite levels related to bone mineral density in patients with neuroendocrine tumours?
Authors: Sen Gupta Piya , Grozinsky‐Glasberg Simona , Drake William M. , Akker Scott A. , Perry Les , Grossman Ashley B. , Druce Maralyn R. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundBone mineral density (BMD) is influenced by multiple factors. Recent studies have highlighted a possible relationship between serotonin and BMD. Patients with neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) frequently have elevated urinary 5‐hydroxy‐indoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) levels, a serotonin metabolite. Evaluation of the relationship between 5‐HIAA and BMD in patients with NETs may provide insights into the relationship between serotonin and BMD.MethodsOne‐year audit of consecutive patients with NETs within two institutions. Relationships between urinary 5‐HIAA and dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA)‐scan‐measured BMD were investigated by group comparisons, correlation and regression.ResultsOf 65 patients with NETs, 19 did not participate or were excluded. Of 46 subjects evaluated (48·9% males, 63·8 ± 10·5 years, BMI 26·6 ± 4·4 kg/m2) with 32 gastrointestinal, 9 pancreatic, 3 pulmonary and 2 ovarian NETs, 72·3% had the carcinoid syndrome. Median interval from diagnosis was 4·0 years (IQR 2·0–6·0); 41·3% had osteoporosis and 32·6% osteopaenia (WHO definition). The group with a higher urinary 5‐HIAA had a lower hip BMD (total T‐score and Z‐score), confirmed on individual analysis (Spearman's rank correlation −0·41, P = 0·004; −0·44, P = 0·002, respectively); urinary 5‐HIAA was not found to be an independent predictor for BMD on multiple linear regression analysis.ConclusionThese data of patients with NETs with higher serotonin metabolites having a lower BMD at the hip in group and individual comparisons, warrants further evaluation. Urinary 5‐HIAA measurement alone cannot be used to predict future BMD. A larger cohort with prospective design including fractures as a clinical outcome will aid these data in determining whether patients with NETs should be subject to targeted osteoporosis prevention.