bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surfactant‐Concentration‐Dependent Shape Evolution of Au–Pd Alloy Nanocrystals from Rhombic Dodecahedron to Trisoctahedron and Hexoctahedron
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Hou Changping , Huang Huang , Zhang Lei , Jiang Zhiyuan , Chen Guangxu , Jia Yanyan , Kuang Qin , Xie Zhaoxiong , Zheng Lansun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe surface structure‐controlled synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals (NCs) bounded by high‐index facets has become a hot research topic due to their potential to significantly improve catalytic performance. This study reports the preparation of monodisperse Au–Pd alloy NCs with systematic shape evolution from rhombic dodecahedral (RD) to trisoctahedral (TOH), and hexoctahedral (HOH) structures by varying the concentration of surfactant in the surfactant‐mediated synthesis. The as‐prepared three kinds of alloy NCs possess almost the same size and composition as each other. It is suggested that the surfactant containing long‐chain octadecyltrimethyl ammonium (OTA+) ions plays a key role in the formation of high index facets, and the crystal growth kinetics may also have an effect on the formation of different nanocrystal morphologies. In addition, the catalytic activities of these NCs are evaluated by structure‐sensitive reactions, including ethanol electro‐oxidation and the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NPh). These three types of Au–Pd alloy NCs exhibit different catalytic selectivities towards these two reactions. The catalytic activities toward electro‐oxidation of ethanol are in the order of HOH > RD > TOH, which follows the order of their corresponding surface energies. However, the activities toward catalytic reduction of 4‐NPh are in the order of RD > TOH > HOH, which should be related to the local structure of the surfaces.
Synthesis, X‐ray Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Three Organically Templated Copper(I) Halides via in situ Solvothermal Reduction Reactions
Authors: Xin Bingjing , Li Yun , Zeng Guang , Peng Yu , Li Guanghua , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThree new organically templated copper(I) halides formulated (C10H22N2)2[Cu4I8] (1), (C10H22N2)2[Cu4I4Br4] (2), and C20H44N4[Cu4I4Br4] (3) {C10H22N2 = N,N′‐diethyl‐1, 4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]octane (T1), C20H44N4 = 4, 4′‐(butane‐1, 4‐diyl)bis(1‐ethyl‐1, 4‐diazonia‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane) (T2)} were synthesized under solvothermal conditions by an in situ copper reduction route. The structures of these compounds are constructed by similar inorganic anion cluster skeleton, formulated Cu4X4X′4 (X = I, X′ = I, Br), and organic templates. The organic templates T1 and T2 in the structures originated from the in situ N‐alkylation reaction between DABCO (DABCO = N, N′‐dimethyl‐1, 4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), alcohol solution, and alkyl bromine. Compounds 1–3 were characterized by X‐ray crystal structure, elemental analysis, TG, IR, XRD, and XPS. These compounds exhibit strong pale green, orange, and light orange luminescence at ambient temperature, respectively, and the luminescent properties of them in the solid state were also investigated.
Syntheses, Structures, and Fluorescence of Two Novel 2D ­Zinc(II) Layered Frameworks Based on 3‐Amino‐1, 2, 4‐triazole
Authors: Gao Jin‐Ying , Xiong Xia‐Hua , Chen Chu‐Jun , Xie Wei‐Ping , Ran Xing‐Rui , Yue Shan‐Tang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo 2D zinc(II) layered coordination polymer compounds [Zn2(atz)2(na)2]n (1), and [Zn(atz)(ina)]n (2) (Hatz = 3‐amino‐1H‐1, 2, 4‐triazole, na = nicotinic acid, ina = isonicotinic acid) were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The interconnection of a coplanar six‐membered hexagonal ring and a 16‐membered non‐planar chair‐like ring results in a 2D sheet with (4, 82) topological network. Hydrogen bonds connect the neighboring planes into 3D supramolecular architectures. Furthermore, both complexes exhibit strong luminescent properties in the solid state at room temperature.
Comparative Effectiveness of Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Satram-Hoang Sacha , Lee Luen , Yu Shui , Guduru Sridhar R. , Gunuganti Ashokvardhan R. , Reyes Carolina , McKenna Edward 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Purpose
Treatment advances have improved outcomes in clinical trials of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Less is known about these effects for patients in real-world settings. This study evaluated treatment patterns and survival in older, demographically diverse patients with mCRC.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was performed for 4,250 patients from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2007 using linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database. Patients were ≥66 years, enrolled in Medicare parts A and B, and received first-line treatment with fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV), capecitabine (CAP), 5-FU/LV plus oxaliplatin (FOLFOX), or CAP and oxaliplatin (CAPOX). Cox regression with backward elimination and propensity score-weighted Cox regression estimated relative risk of death. Date of last follow-up was December 2009. Statistical comparisons were made between 5-FU/LV vs. CAP and FOLFOX vs. CAPOX.

Results
Compared to 5-FU/LV, patients treated with CAP were older (mean age 78 vs. 76; P < 0.0001) and more likely female (61 vs. 54 %; P = 0.0017), while patients receiving CAPOX and FOLFOX were similar in age (mean age 74 vs. 73; P = 0.0924). Complications requiring medical resource utilization following initiation of therapy were significantly higher among patients administered with 5-FU/LV (54 %) vs. CAP (17 %; P < 0.0001) and FOLFOX (75 %) vs. CAPOX (57 %; P < 0.0001). The multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences in survival between 5-FU/LV and CAP and between FOLFOX and CAPOX.

Conclusions
Overall survival was comparable between CAP and 5-FU/LV and between CAPOX and FOLFOX with fewer complications requiring medical resource utilization associated with CAP and CAPOX, thus confirming clinical trial results.
Exostosis in the Hand: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Sze-Yan Chan , Fu-Keung Ip , Tak-Cheun Wong , Siu-Ho Wan 
Published: November 2012

Introduction This study reviews the exostosis in hand in our locality and compares those in the literature. Methods A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the cases collected from 2000 to 2010. Literatures were also reviewed to look into the current concept of exostosis in the hand. Results There were nine patients with a total of 11 lesions of exostosis in the hand. Two cases were parosteal osteochondroma (Nora lesion). The male to female ratio was 4:5. The average presented age at the first consultation was 49.7 years of age. The most common site was distal phalanx. Six lesions had incorrect preoperative diagnoses by clinical assessment and standard two-view radiographs of the hand. Three of the six lesions were corrected after intraoperative Xi-scan screening. Conclusion The clinical picture of exostosis in the hand in our locality seems to be different from that of Western countries. Lesions of the hand were difficult to be visualized in the radiographs due to overlapping of bones. Xi-scan may help in making the diagnosis.
PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING BACTERIAL ENDOPHYTES FROM SUGARCANE AND THEIR POTENTIAL IN PROMOTING GROWTH OF THE HOST UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS
Authors: CHAUHAN HEMLATA , BAGYARAJ D. J. , SHARMA ANITA 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYTen endophytic bacteria were isolated from different sugarcane varieties growing in the Crop Research Centre, Pantnagar on nitrogen-free medium. Plant growth-promoting potential of the isolates was reported in terms of indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphorus solubilization, siderophore production and antagonistic action against the pathogenColletotrichum falcatum, which causes red rot disease in sugarcanein vitro. All the isolates were able to produce IAA (4.8–9 μg ml−1); three isolates (H3, H5 and H14) solubilized insoluble phosphorus on Pikovaskaya's agar; two isolates (H10 and H14) showed siderophore production on Chrome-azurol S (CAS) agar and antagonism againstC. falcatumwas exhibited by two isolates (H14 and H15) in a dual plate assay. 16 S rRNA sequencing identified isolates H3 and H12 asPseudomonasspp., and H8, H14 and H15 asBacillusspp. A field experiment on sugarcane was conducted with five plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytesPseudomonasspp. (H3 and H12) andBacillusspp. (H8, H14 and H15) along with standard strains ofGluconacetobacterandAzospirillumspp. Plant height, chlorophyll content, total nitrogen and cane length were significantly higher in almost all inoculated plants compared with the uninoculated control. An increase of 40% in cane yield over the control was obtained after inoculation with isolate H15 (Bacillusspp.). This was statistically on par with the standard endophyteGluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, which resulted in 42% increased cane yield. Identification of new diazotrophs and their promising results towards improving plant growth in the field suggest their use as inoculants in future.
A link between male sperm whales,Physeter macrocephalus, of the Azores and Norway
Authors: Steiner Lisa , Lamoni Luca , Acosta Plata Marta , Jensen Silje-Kristin , Lettevall Erland , Gordon Jonathan 
Published: November 2012

Little is known about the movements of male sperm whales,Physeter macrocephalus, in the North Atlantic. Recoveries of traditional harpoons and tags during commercial whaling indicated movements from Nova Scotia to Spain and from the Azores to Iceland and Spain. We compared collections of photo-identification images from different areas using the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sperm Whale Catalogue and the Eurphlukes Phlex/Match programs. The largest collections of identified males (number of individuals, start and end date for data collection shown in parentheses) are for the Azores (297, 1987–2008), Andenes (375, 1988–1996 and 2008), Tromsø (84, 2005–2008). There were six matches between Andenes and Tromsø (~25 nm), with three of these re-sighted in multiple years and three photo-identification matches from the Azores to Norway (~2400 nm). In all cases individuals first photographed in the Azores (in 1993, 1999 and 2003) were matched to images collected later in Tromsø (in 2007 and 2008). In 1997 a photo-identification image from Andenes matched a male stranded on the west coast of Ireland. No matches were made to images in smaller collections from Iceland, Nova Scotia, Greenland, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Gulf of Mexico and the Mediterranean. These findings show the value of data collected from whale watching vessels and the importance of collaboration between groups to allow investigation on an ocean basin scale. It is hoped that with the coordinated collection of more images from around the Atlantic, further insight might be gained into the movements of these widely ranging animals.
Helminth communities of fish as ecological indicators of lake health
Authors: SHAH HUMAIRA BASHIR , YOUSUF A. R. , CHISHTI M. Z. , AHMAD FAYAZ 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper deals largely with the dynamics and changes in the helminth parasite communities of fish along the trophic gradient of lakes. The use of parasitological community data as a bioindicator of environmental health underlines the need to study parasite communities at comparable localities with known pollution levels. The comparison of the conditions in different habitats might be helpful to differentiate between normal fluctuations in ambient conditions and pollution-mediated effects. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the community structure of parasites in snow trout (Schizothorax niger Heckel) inhabiting 3 lakes of contrasting trophic status in Kashmir. The idea of selecting the lakes, namely Anchar (strongly hypereutrophic), Dal (eutrophic) and Manasbal (mesotrophic) for this study was intentional as they depict different trophic gradients and exhibit the desirable pattern which was a prerequisite for this study. The findings presented in this article suggest an apparent lake-wise gradient in community structure, as the increase in trematode and cestode infections in Anchar was markedly greater, to levels clearly distinguishable from those in the other two water bodies. We conclude that human-induced eutrophication of lakes modifies the parasite community at component level and community-level studies on parasites may provide information on health status of lakes.
Viability of Ascaris suum eggs in stored raw and separated liquid slurry
Authors: KATAKAM KIRAN KUMAR , ROEPSTORFF ALLAN , POPOVIC OLGA , KYVSGAARD NIELS C. , THAMSBORG STIG MILAN , DALSGAARD ANDERS 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYSeparation of pig slurry into solid and liquid fractions is gaining importance as a way to manage increasing volumes of slurry. In contrast to solid manure and slurry, little is known about pathogen survival in separated liquid slurry. The viability of Ascaris suum eggs, a conservative indicator of fecal pollution, and its association with ammonia was investigated in separated liquid slurry in comparison with raw slurry. For this purpose nylon bags with 6000 eggs each were placed in 1 litre bottles containing one of the two fractions for 308 days at 5 °C or 25 °C. Initial analysis of helminth eggs in the separated liquid slurry revealed 47 Ascaris eggs per gramme. At 25 °C, egg viability declined to zero with a similar trend in both raw slurry and the separated liquid slurry by day 308, a time when at 5 °C 88% and 42% of the eggs were still viable in separated liquid slurry and raw slurry, respectively. The poorer survival at 25 °C was correlated with high ammonia contents in the range of 7·9–22·4 mm in raw slurry and 7·3–23·2 mm in liquid slurry compared to 3·2–9·5 mm in raw slurry and 2·6–9·5 mm in liquid slurry stored at 5 °C. The study demonstrates that at 5 °C, A. suum eggs have a higher viability in separated liquid slurry as compared to raw slurry. The hygiene aspect of this needs to be further investigated when separated liquid slurry is used to fertilize pastures or crops.
CrypticOnchocercaspecies infecting North American cervids, with implications for the evolutionary history of host associations inOnchocerca
Authors: McFREDERICK QUINN S. , HASELKORN TAMARA S. , VEROCAI GUILHERME G. , JAENIKE JOHN 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYParasites in the genusOnchocercainfect humans, ruminants, camels, horses, suids, and canids, with effects ranging from relatively benign to debilitating. In North America,Onchocerca cervipedisis the sole species known to infect cervids, while at least 5Onchocercaspecies infect Eurasian cervids. In this study, we report the discovery of a cervid-parasitizingOnchocercaonly distantly related toO. cervipedis. To reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the genusOnchocerca, we used newly acquired DNA sequence fromO. cervipedis(from moose in Northwest Territories, Canada) and from the newly discovered species (from white-tailed deer in upstate New York), as well as previously published sequences. Ancestral host reconstructions suggest that host switches have been common throughout the evolutionary history ofOnchocerca, and that bovid- and cervid-parasitizing species have been particularly important sources of descendant species. North America cervids might therefore serve as a source forOnchocercainvasions into new hosts. Given the high density of deer populations, the potential for zoonotic infections may also exist. Our discovery of a newOnchocercaspecies with relatively limited sampling suggests that the diversity ofOnchocercaassociated with cervids in North America may be greater than previously thought, and surveys utilizing molecules and morphology are necessary.
The duration and timing of maternal depression as a moderator of the relationship between dependent interpersonal stress, contextual risk and early child dysregulation
Authors: Barker E. D. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundRisk factors that are associated with depression in the mother also negatively affect the child. This research sought to extend current knowledge by examining the duration and timing of maternal depression as a moderator of: (1) the impact of dependent interpersonal stress (DIS), such as partner conflict or low social support, and contextual risk (e.g. poverty) on child dysregulation; and (2) continuity in early child dysregulation.MethodMother–child pairs (n = 12 152) who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were examined between pregnancy and age 4 years. Data on maternal depression were collected five times between pregnancy and 33 months postpartum; on DIS and contextual risk three times between pregnancy and 33 months; and on child dysregulation at age 2 and 4 years.ResultsLongitudinal latent class analysis identified a class of mothers (10%) who evinced a chronic level of depression between pregnancy and 33 months. For chronic-depressedversusnon-depressed mothers, the results indicate that: (1) DIS predicted higher child dysregulation if experienced between pregnancy and age 2; (2) contextual risk had a differential effect on child dysregulation if experienced during pregnancy; and (3) children had higher continuity in dysregulation between age 2 and age 4.ConclusionsAssessing the impact of the timing and duration of maternal depression, and different types of co-occurring risk factors, on child well-being is important. Maternal depression and associated DIS, in comparison to contextual risk, may be more responsive to intervention.
Developmental changes in children's comprehension and explanation of spatial metaphors for time
Authors: STITES LAUREN J. , ÖZÇALIŞKAN ŞEYDA 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTime is frequently expressed with spatial motion, using one of three different metaphor types: moving-time, moving-ego, and sequence-as-position. Previous work shows that children can understand and explain moving-time metaphors by age five (Özçalışkan, 2005). In this study, we focus on all three metaphor types for time, and ask whether metaphor type has an effect on children's metaphor comprehension and explanation abilities. Analysis of the responses of three- to six-year-old children and adults showed that comprehension and explanation of all three metaphor types emerge at an early age. Moreover, children's metaphor comprehension and explanation vary by metaphor type: children perform better in understanding and explaining metaphors that structure time in relation to the observer of time (moving-ego, moving-time) than metaphors that structure time without any relation to the observer of time (sequence-as-position-on-a-path). Our findings suggest that children's bodily experiences might play a role in their developing understanding of the abstract concept of time.
A Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliO157 outbreak associated with consumption of rice cakes in 2011 in Japan
Authors: NABAE K. , TAKAHASHI M. , WAKUI T. , KAMIYA H. , NAKASHIMA K. , TANIGUCHI K. , OKABE N. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIn May 2011, an outbreak of Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) O157 was reported from Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Investigations, including a case-control study, revealed that the outbreak was linked to two varieties of rice cakes produced by a local manufacturer between 2 and 7 May. Active and passive surveillance identified 136 suspected cases, 142 confirmed cases, 26 asymptomatic cases, and 25 secondary cases. While no environmental samples taken from the manufacturing premises tested positive for STEC, other than a stool sample taken from one employee, on-site and epidemiological investigations indicated that STEC was introduced during the manufacturing process of rice cakes rather than through contamination of raw materials. This was the first reported outbreak of STEC associated with cakes and confectionery in Japan, which indicates that contamination and outbreaks of STEC can occur in any food unless proper precautions are taken.
An insider's look at LF type reconstruction: everything you (n)ever wanted to know
Authors: PIENTKA BRIGITTE 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough type reconstruction for dependently typed languages is common in practical systems, it is still ill-understood. Detailed descriptions of the issues around it are hard to find and formal descriptions together with correctness proofs are non-existing. In this paper, we discuss a one-pass type reconstruction for objects in the logical framework LF, describe formally the type reconstruction process using the framework of contextual modal types, and prove correctness of type reconstruction. Since type reconstruction will find most general types and may leave free variables, we in addition describe abstraction which will return a closed object where all free variables are bound at the outside. We also implemented our algorithms as part of the Beluga language, and the performance of our type reconstruction algorithm is comparable to type reconstruction in existing systems such as the logical framework Twelf.
Are subjective cognitive complaints relevant in preclinical Alzheimer's disease? A review and guidelines for healthcare professionals
Authors: Mark Ruth E , Sitskoorn Margriet M 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIdentifying what makes people vulnerable to developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is at the forefront of many research programmes, while early diagnosis is the goal in clinical practice. What individuals themselves tell their general practitioners (GPs) is clearly important because these subjective complaints may be a clue that something is wrong. More specifically, subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) may be the first sign of AD in individuals whose cognitive performance on standard neuropsychological tasks is normal for their age. The challenge for researchers in this field is twofold: (a) determining when SCC do or do not predict current cognitive functioning and future dementia; and (b) estimating how relevant they are for patients and their proxies. The current article addresses these issues, while guidelines are also provided in an attempt to help clinicians interpret and make treatment decisions about their patients’ SCC.
Centrifugally stimulated exospheric ion escape at Mercury
Authors: Delcourt D. C. , Seki K. , Terada N. , Moore T. E. 
Published: November 2012

We investigate the transport of ions in the low‐altitude magnetosphere of Mercury. We show that, because of small spatial scales, the centrifugal effect due to curvature of theE × Bdrift paths can lead to significant particle energization in the parallel direction. We demonstrate that because of this effect, ions with initial speed smaller than the escape speed such as those produced via thermal desorption can overcome gravity and escape into the magnetosphere. The escape route of this low‐energy exosphere originating material is largely controlled by the magnetospheric convection rate. This escape route spreads over a narrower range of altitudes when the convection rate increases. Bulk transport of low‐energy planetary material thus occurs within a limited region of space once moderate magnetospheric convection is established. These results suggest that, via release of material otherwise gravitationally trapped, theE × B related centrifugal acceleration is an important mechanism for the net supply of plasma to the magnetosphere of Mercury.