bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution‐Processed Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers in High Efficiency Polymer Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Manders Jesse R. , Tsang Sai‐Wing , Hartel Michael J. , Lai Tzung‐Han , Chen Song , Amb Chad M. , Reynolds John R. , So Franky 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe detailed characterization of solution‐derived nickel (II) oxide (NiO) hole‐transporting layer (HTL) films and their application in high efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is reported. The NiO precursor solution is examined in situ to determine the chemical species present. Coordination complexes of monoethanolamine (MEA) with Ni in ethanol thermally decompose to form non‐stoichiometric NiO. Specifically, the [Ni(MEA)2(OAc)]+ ion is found to be the most prevalent species in the precursor solution. The defect‐induced Ni3+ ion, which is present in non‐stoichiometric NiO and signifies the p‐type conduction of NiO, as well as the dipolar nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) species are confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with a polymer/fullerene photoactive layer blend composed of poly‐dithienogermole‐thienopyrrolodione (pDTG‐TPD) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) are fabricated using these solution‐processed NiO films. The resulting devices show an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.8%, which is a 15% improvement over devices utilizing a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL. The enhancement is due to the optical resonance in the solar cell and the hydrophobicity of NiO, which promotes a more homogeneous donor/acceptor morphology in the active layer at the NiO/BHJ interface. Finally, devices incorporating NiO as a HTL are more stable in air than devices using PEDOT:PSS.
A Functional DNase I Coating to Prevent Adhesion of Bacteria and the Formation of Biofilm
Authors: Swartjes Jan J. T. M. , Das Theerthankar , Sharifi Shahriar , Subbiahdoss Guruprakash , Sharma Prashant K. , Krom Bastiaan P. , Busscher Henk J. , van der Mei Henny C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBiofilms are detrimental in many industrial and biomedical applications and prevention of biofilm formation has been a prime challenge for decades. Biofilms consist of communities of adhering bacteria, supported and protected by extracellular‐polymeric‐substances (EPS), the so‐called “house of biofilm organisms”. EPS consists of water, proteins, polysaccharides and extracellular‐DNA (eDNA). eDNA, being the longest molecule in EPS, connects the different EPS components and therewith holds an adhering biofilm together. eDNA is associated with bacterial cell surfaces by specific and non‐specific mechanisms, mediating binding of other biopolymers in EPS. eDNA therewith assists in facilitating adhesion, aggregation and maintenance of biofilm structure. Here, a new method is described to prevent biofilm formation on surfaces by applying a DNase I enzyme coating to polymethylmethacrylate, using dopamine as an intermediate. The intermediate coupling layer and final DNase I coating are characterized by water‐contact‐angle measurements and X‐ray photoelectron‐spectroscopy. The DNase I coating strongly reduces adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus (95%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (99%) and prevents biofilm formation up to 14 h, without affecting mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation. Also agarose‐gel‐electrophoresis indicates loss of enzyme activity between 8 and 24 h. This duration however, is similar to many local antibiotic‐delivery devices, which makes it an ideal coating for biomaterial implants and devices, known to fail due to biofilm formation with disastrous consequences for patients and high costs to the healthcare system. With threatening increases in antibiotic resistance, the DNase I coating may provide a timely, potent new approach to biofilm prevention on biomaterial implants and devices.
Conversion of Light to Electricity by Photoinduced Reversible pH Changes and Biomimetic Nanofluidic Channels
Authors: Wen Liping , Tian Ye , Guo Yongli , Ma Jie , Liu Weida , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractInspired by living systems that have the inherent skill to convert solar energy into bioelectric signals with their light‐driven cross‐membrane proton pump, a photoelectric conversion system that can work in alkaline conditions based on photoinduced reversible pH changes by malachite green carbinol base and a smart gating hydroxide ion‐driven nanofluidic channel is demonstrated. In this system, solar energy can be considered as the only source of cross‐membrane proton motive force that induces diffusion potential and photocurrent flowing through the external circuit. The conversion performances are 0.00825% and 36%, which are calculated from the photoelectric conversion and Gibbs free energy diffusion, respectively. The results suggest that electric power generation and performance could be further optimized by selecting appropriate photosensitized molecules and enhancing the surface‐charge density as well as adopting the appropriate channel size. This facile, cost‐efficient, and environmentally friendly photoelectric conversion system has potential applications for future energy demands such as production of power for in vivo medical devices.
Practical Enantioselective Hydrogenation of α‐Aryl‐ and α‐Carboxyamidoethylenes by Rhodium(I)‐{1,2‐Bis[(o‐tert‐butoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane}
Authors: Mohar Barbara , Stephan Michel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe rhodium(I)‐{1,2‐bis[(o‐tert‐butoxyphenyl)(phenyl)phosphino]ethane} [Rh(I)‐(t‐Bu‐SMS‐Phos)] catalyst system displayed prime efficiency in the hydrogenation of large series of α‐amidostyrenes and α‐amidoacrylates. Up to >99.9% enantiomeric excesses coupled with very high reaction rates were attained operating routinely under 1–10 bar of hydrogen at 22 °C in methanol. Examples include industrial substrates.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Addition of Thiols to Trifluoromethylaldimine: An Efficient Approach to Chiral TrifluoromethylatedN,S‐Acetals
Authors: Fang Xin , Li Qing‐Hua , Tao Hai‐Yan , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe first organocatalytic asymmetric addition of thiols to trifluoromethylaldimine for the construction of chiral trifluoromethylatedN,S‐acetals has been achieved in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95%ee) with 1 mol% of a bifunctional organocatalyst.
Characteristics and associated anomalies in radial ray deficiencies in Finland—A population‐based study
Authors: Pakkasjärvi Niklas , Koskimies Eeva , Ritvanen Annukka , Nietosvaara Yrjänä , Mäkitie Outi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUpper‐limb defects with deficiencies of the radial ray have varying etiologies, with a low proportion of true Mendelian disorders. We carried out a population‐based study to elucidate the birth prevalence and clinical spectrum of radial ray deficiencies in Finland. We identified all births with radial ray deficiency reported to the Finnish Register of Congenital Malformations in 1993–2005. Altogether 138 cases were identified (123 live births), with a birth prevalence of 1.83 per 10,000 births and a live birth prevalence of 1.64 per 10,000 live births. The proportion of infant deaths was as high as 35%. The majority of the cases were associated with known syndromes or multiple anomalies; only 13% were true isolated radial ray deficiencies. The most common syndrome was trisomy 18, and the most common in multiple anomalies was VACTERL association. In 8.7% of cases an association between radial ray deficiency and heart anomaly was observed. The high proportion of cases with associated major anomalies indicates that radial ray deficiency can be regarded isolated only after thorough assessment of the various organ systems in an affected infant. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Jacobsen and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndromes in a child with mosaicism for partial 11pter trisomy and partial 11qter monosomy
Authors: Putoux Audrey , Labalme Audrey , André Jean‐Marie , Till Marianne , Schluth‐Bolard Caroline , Berard Jérôme , Bertrand Yves , Edery Patrick , Putet Guy , Sanlaville Damien 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe report on a child with Jacobsen syndrome (JBS, OMIM 147791) and abnormalities consistent with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS, OMIM 130650). The constitutional karyotype was apparently normal, but FISH analysis with probes specific for the short and long arms of chromosome 11 found 11qter deletion with 11pter trisomy in 80% of the cells studied. Array‐CGH identified breakpoints in the 11p15.3 and 11q24.1 regions consistent with Jacobsen and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndromes. We suggest that this chromosome imbalance results from a pericentric inversion of chromosome 11 inherited from the father, with mosaicism resulting from meiotic recombination of a paternal inversion followed by mitotic recombination during the first embryonic divisions. This hypothesis is supported by the results of microsatellite marker analysis. Three previous cases of pericentric inversion and recombination of chromosome 11 have been reported. Our case is unusual in that it combines the Jacobsen and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndromes with mosaicism. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing of diagnosis of 47,XXY and 48,XXYY: A survey of parent experiences
Authors: Visootsak Jeannie , Ayari Natalie , Howell Susan , Lazarus Joash , Tartaglia Nicole 
Published: January 2013

Abstract47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome is the most common sex chromosomal aneuploidy, yet 64% of males with this condition go undiagnosed. 48,XXYY is less common and there is less known about the diagnosis. The objective of this study is to describe the diagnosis experiences of parents of males with 47,XXY and 48,XXYY. Parents of 89 males with 47,XXY and 76 males with 48,XXYY completed a survey that gathered data about their experiences leading to a diagnosis, including the current age of the child, age at diagnosis, reasons for initial concern, and the specialists providing the diagnosis. In the 47,XXY cohort diagnosed postnatally, 59% presented with developmental delay, with a mean age at first parental concern of 5.2 years and mean age of diagnosis at 10.0 years. The remaining 41% presented with endocrinologic issues with a mean age at first concern of 19.1 years and mean age of diagnosis at 21.1 years. In the 48,XXYY group, 93% presented with developmental delay, with mean age at first parental concern of 2.4 years and mean age of diagnosis at 7.6 years. Hence, the average time from initial parental concern to diagnosis of 47,XXY or 48,XXYY ranges from 2 to 5 years, with those presenting with developmental issues having a longer lag to diagnosis compared to those presenting with endocrinologic issues. Increased awareness of the developmental, psychological, and medical features of 47,XXY and 48,XXYY is important to facilitate timely diagnosis and initiation of appropriate screenings and treatments that are important for optimal outcomes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetics of the taste receptor T2R38 correlates with chronic rhinosinusitis necessitating surgical intervention
Authors: Adappa Nithin D. , Howland Timothy J. , Palmer James N. , Kennedy David W. , Doghramji Laurel , Lysenko Anna , Reed Danielle R. , Lee Robert J. , Cohen Noam A. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundWe recently demonstrated the bitter taste receptor T2R38 upregulates sinonasal mucosal innate defense in response to gram‐negative quorum‐sensing molecules through increased nitric oxide production and mucociliary clearance. T2R38 was initially identified in the quest to understand the variability in bitter taste perception to the compound phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and demonstrated to have polymorphisms generating diplotypes dividing people into PTC supertasters, heterozygotes (with variable PTC detection), and nontasters. We have further demonstrated that sinonasal epithelial cultures derived from supertasters significantly increase innate defenses in response to gram‐negative quorum‐sensing molecules compared with sinonasal cultures derived from heterozygotes and nontaster individuals. Based on this data, we hypothesize that supertasters are less likely to require sinus surgery compared with heterozygous or nontasters and that supertasters have improved surgical outcomes.MethodsBanked sinonasal tissue samples from patients who had undergone primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery at the University of Pennsylvania or the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center were genotyped for T2R38 and compared to the expected population distribution. Necessity for additional antibiotic therapy following the postoperative healing time frame was evaluated.ResultsA total of 28 patients were included in the study. Only 1 supertaster was identified (expected 5.6, p < 0.043). Additionally, 14 heterozygous and 13 nontaster patients were identified.ConclusionThis pilot study investigating the genetics of the bitter taste receptor T2R38 in the context of primary sinonasal surgery demonstrates supertaster patients are less likely to need surgical intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis. Additional study is necessary to ascertain postsurgical outcomes.
Thermal and rheological properties of polyethylene blends with bimodal molecular weight distribution
Authors: Shen Hong‐Wang , Xie Bang‐Hu , Yang Wei , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPolyethylene blends with bimodal molecular weight distribution were prepared by blending a high molecular weight polyethylene and a low molecular weight polyethylene in different ratios in xylene solution. The blends and their components were characterized by the high temperature gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), different scanning calorimetry (DSC), and small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments. The results showed that the dependence of zero‐shear viscosity (η0) on molecular weight followed a power law equation with an exponent of 3.3. The correlations between characteristic frequency (ω0) and polydispersity index, and between dynamic cross‐point (Gx) and polydispersity index were established. The complex viscosity (η*) at different frequencies followed the log‐additivity rule, and the Han‐plots were independent of component and temperature, which indicated that the HMW/LMW blends were miscible in the melt state. Moreover, the thermal properties were very similar to a single component system, suggesting that the blends were miscible in the crystalline state. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Enhancement of fibroblastic proliferation from photoreactive starch with immobilized epidermal growth factor
Authors: Cho Young‐Min , Lee Hyung‐Jae , Heo Yun , Park Shin‐Hye , Seo Si‐Yoong , Han Jae‐Hong , Son Tae‐Il 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCarboxymethyl starch was modified by the incorporation of an azidophenyl group to prepare photoreactive starch, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflectance (FT‐IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Photo‐irradiation immobilized the Az‐starch on a polystyrene plate and it was stably retained on the surface. The protein containing immobilized Az‐starch was also immobilized on a stripe micropatterned plate. UV irradiation time and Az‐starch concentration were used to alter the physical properties of Az‐starch and consequently control the rate of epidermal growth factor (EGF) release. The Az‐starch that released growth factor was not cytotoxic to 3T3‐L1 fibroblast cells, and the immobilized EGF maintained its activity and induced cellular proliferation in vitro. These results suggest that Az‐starch could be useful as a clinical synthetic material for medical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Development of active barrier systems for poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Mahajan Kamal , Lofgren Elizabeth A. , Jabarin Saleh A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCopolymers of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were synthesized by the melt polymerization of terephthalic acid (TPA) with ethylene glycol (EG) and with each of the active oxygen scavengers; monoolein (MO) and 3‐cyclohexene‐1,1‐dimethanol (CHEDM) in separate compositions. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and 2D correlation spectroscopy (COSY) indicated that PET had reacted with both MO and CHEDM at their hydroxyl end groups. Oxygen barrier properties of the MO and CHEDM copolymers exhibited improvements of up to 40%, in comparison to an unmodified commercial PET. Effects of the oxygen scavengers on the copolymers' physical properties were investigated in terms of their crystallization, melting, and rheological behaviors. Both types of copolymers showed decreases in peak melting temperatures with increased scavenger concentrations and also crystallized more slowly as the scavenger concentrations increased. The PET/MO copolymer showed non‐Newtonian rheological behavior with higher MO concentration; while the PET/CHEDM copolymers showed Newtonian behavior within the studied range of CHEDM concentrations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A Bounded Real Lemma for Discrete‐Time Markovian Jump Singular Systems
Authors: Wei Jumei , Ma Rui , Mu Xiaowu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a bounded real lemma for discrete‐time Markovian jump singular systems. First, a new necessary and sufficient condition is proposed in terms of a strict linear matrix inequality, which guarantees the stochastic admissibility of the unforced Markovian jump singular systems. Then, a bounded real lemma for discrete‐time Markovian jump singular systems is derived. It is also proven that the bounded real lemma can be described by a strict matrix inequality. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theory. The results are more tractable and reliable in numerical computations than existing conditions.
Synthesis and characterization of blue long‐lasting BaCa2Al8O15:Eu2+, Dy3+ phosphor
Authors: Yerpude A. N. , Dhoble S. J. , Haranath D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe have synthesized and characterized a new BaCa2Al8O15:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor prepared by the combustion method. X‐ray diffraction, thermoluminescence, scanning electron microscope, time decay and optical spectral analysis photoluminescence excitation, emission spectra were used to characterize the phosphors. Broadband ultraviolet excited luminescence of the BaCa2Al8O15:Eu2+,Dy3+ was observed in the blue region (λmax = 435 nm) due to transitions from the 4f65d1 to the 4f7 configuration of the Eu2+ ion. Scanning electron microscopy has been used for exploring the morphological properties of the prepared phosphors. The BaCa2Al8O15:Eu2+ phosphor has a blue afterglow when Dy3+ ions were co‐doped. The thermoluminescence spectra show that the Dy3+ ion induces a proper trap in the phosphor with a depth of 0.67 eV and results in a long afterglow phosphorescence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro and in vivo studies disclosed the depigmenting effects of gallic acid: A novel skin lightening agent for hyperpigmentary skin diseases
Authors: Kumar K. J. Senthil , Vani M. Gokila , Wang Sheng‐Yang , Liao Jiunn‐Wang , Hsu Li‐Sung , Yang Hsin‐Ling , Hseu You‐Cheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGallic acid (GA) is a phenolic compound, which has been reported to suppress melanogenesis in melanoma cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect was poorly understood. In this article, we revealed that GA down‐regulated melanogenic regulatory genes including tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), and dopachrome tatamerase (Dct) expression at transcriptional and translational level. In addition, GA effectively suppressed the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) expression by down‐regulating the cAMP‐mediated PKA/CREB signaling cascades. To delineate the inhibition of MITF by GA, the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) and AKT was investigated. GA caused significant increase of ERK and AKT phosphorylation, while ERK (PD98059) or AKT (LY294002) inhibitor prevents their phosphorylation and increased melanin biosynthesis. In addition, pre‐treatment of MITF‐siRNA significantly reduced melanin production from 100 to 40%, and even decreased into 10% by combination treatment with GA. Furthermore, UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation in the mice skin was significantly rescued by topical application of GA for 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analyses also confirmed that GA significantly inhibited melanin production followed by the down‐regulation of MITF, tyrosinase and their regulatory proteins. In addition, when compared with control zebrafish, GA caused a remarkable inhibition on the endogenous pigmentation in the zebrafish. Results presented in this study strongly suggest that GA is an effective de‐pigmenting or skin lightening cosmetics for topical application. © 2012 BioFactors, 2013
Caged CO2 for the Direct Observation of CO2‐Consuming Reactions
Authors: Lommel Katharina , Schäfer Gabriela , Grenader Konstantin , Ruland Christoph , Terfort Andreas , Mäntele Werner , Wille Georg 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCO2‐consuming reactions, in particular carboxylations, play important roles in technical processes and in nature. Their kinetic behavior and the reaction mechanisms of carboxylating enzymes are difficult to study because CO2 is inconvenient to handle as a gas, exists in equilibrium with bicarbonate in aqueous solution, and typically yields products that show no significant spectroscopic differences from the reactants in the UV/Vis range. Here we demonstrate the utility of 3‐nitrophenylacetic acid and related compounds (caged CO2) in conjunction with infrared spectroscopy as widely applicable tools for the investigation of such reactions, permitting convenient measurement of the kinetics of CO2 consumption. The use of isotopically labeled caged CO2 provides a tool for the assignment of infrared absorption bands, thus aiding insight into reaction intermediates and mechanisms.
Stable and Efficient Pt–Re/TiO2 catalysts for Water‐Gas‐Shift: On the Effect of Rhenium
Authors: Azzam Khalid G. , Babich Igor V. , Seshan Kulathuiyer , Mojet Barbara L. , Lefferts Leon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe catalytic performance of Pt–Re/TiO2 catalysts, that is, activity and stability, in single‐stage water gas shift reactions was investigated by studying the influence of preparation strategies, Pt/Re molar ratios, and metals contents. Results show that sequential impregnation of Re precursor prior to Pt precursor without intermediate pretreatment is the optimum preparation strategy. The Pt/Re ratio of unity with 0.5 wt. % Pt content resulted in the most significant effect on activity and stability. In situ characterizing of both monometallic and the optimal bimetallic Pt–Re catalysts by means of CO chemisorption, H2 temperature programmed reduction, and FTIR spectroscopy under the reaction conditions provided evidence that Re increases the activity by enhancing the activation of water. No evidence was found for any direct influence of Re on the properties of Pt in the catalyst under the reaction conditions.