bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Olokun head reconsidered
Authors: Craddock Paul T. , Ambers Janet , van Bellegem Maickel , Cartwright Caroline R. , Hudson Julie , La Niece Susan , Spataro Michela 
Published: September 2015

The opportunity was taken in 2010 to carry out a full scientific and technical examination of the brass head from Ife, popularly known as the Olokun head, first published in 1912 by Leo Frobenius, together with a selection of other Ife heads that came to London for exhibition at the British Museum. This was especially appropriate as on its last visit some 60 years previously, the Olokun head had been examined and condemned as a sand cast copy. The present study has established beyond doubt that the Olokun head is a hollow cire perdue or lost wax casting, very similar in technique and composition to the other heads. The balance of evidence suggests that this is the head unearthed at Ife in 1910.
La problématique des « tumulus pierriers » au Mali
Authors: Sanogo Kléna , Coulibaly Nafogo 
Published: September 2015

Au début du xxe siècle furent découvertes, dans plusieurs régions du sud et du centre du Mali, des structures composées d’un cercle de pierres latéritiques entourant un tertre surmontant une chambre souterraine creusée dans la latérite. Elles furent considérées successivement comme des « habitats troglodytes », des mines d’extraction du minerai de fer, des silos à grains, avant d’être attribuées par les archéologues, en 1961, à des hypogées servant de lieux de sépultures multiples. Depuis cette date, ces structures sont entrées dans le vocabulaire archéologique en Afrique de l’Ouest sous le nom générique de « tumulus pierriers ». Dès lors, toute structure ayant la même apparence extérieure a été considérée comme un tumulus. Cependant les recherches menées depuis 1979, tant par des archéologues que par des historiens, des sociolinguistes ou des spécialistes de la tradition orale, semblent indiquer qu’il s’agirait, en fait, de monuments très divers : habitats pour brigands, tumulus, hypogées recouverts d’un amas de terre ou de pierres, monuments rituels ou autres. La faible quantité de datations ne permet pas encore aujourd’hui de situer chaque type de structure dans un cadre chronologique. En attendant de ­collecter de nouvelles données, il convient donc de parler simplement de « cercles pierriers » puisqu’il est encore impossible de déterminer leur nature avant la fouille. Les futures recherches devront avoir comme impératif premier d’identifier des indices fonctionnels distinctifs en surface lors de prospections.
Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se regrette
Authors: BARTHOLEYNS Gil 
Published: September 2015

La photographie est réputée être le médium de la nostalgie. Depuis quelques années, la photographie rétro et, de façon plus surprenante, la colorisation de photos noir et blanc sont devenues des pratiques de nostalgie volontaire. J’appelle « pronostalgie » cette émotion positive. L’objet pronostalgique est l’objet qui présente une modalité esthétique propre à susciter cette humeur que la psychologie expérimentale perçoit elle aussi comme étant plus (re)constructive que régressive.
Nostalgies impérialisées
Authors: Blanes Ruy Llera , Paxe Abel 
Published: September 2015

Nous nous proposons ici d’explorer certains exemples de mémoire nostalgique concernant la violence et la répression qui prirent place à la fin de la colonisation portugaise en Angola. Nous examinons le cas de Vale do Loge, un ancien camp de travail forcé situé dans le nord de l’Angola où l’on observe une version (ou une inversion) de la « nostalgie impérialiste ». En décrivant l’histoire et les mémoires liées à Vale do Loge, nous avançons la possibilité de « nostalgies impérialisées », qui suggère que, plus qu’un acte de souvenir, la nostalgie produit des transitions et des espoirs au sein de temporalités politiques complexes.
Amitiés amazoniennes :Deux contre l’Un ?
Authors: Taylor Anne-Christine 
Published: September 2015

Cet article reprend la question de l’amitié rituelle dans les basses terres d’Amérique du Sud, un type de relation dont l’interprétation reste controversée. Après une sommaire description des principales variantes amérindiennes de l’amitié formelle, il tente d’en dégager les traits structurels, avant d’en proposer une nouvelle interprétation : en synthétisant les rapports de méta-affinité et de méta-consanguinité, la relation rituellement constituée entre amis formels servirait d’accès à un point de vue englobant sur la société concernée, différent des perspectives construites d’ordinaire dans la plupart des rituels amazoniens. Sont ensuite examinées les implications de cette hypothèse pour l’analyse du politique dans les mondes amazoniens.
L’Angélus dans la boîte à lettres
Authors: Jr William A. Christian , Mittermaier Amira 
Published: September 2015

En France, la popularité des cartes postales inspirées de L’Angélus de Jean-François Millet coïncide avec les débats publics qui ont accompagné la promulgation de la loi Combes de 1905. À partir des centaines de cartes accessibles sur le site internet de vente aux enchères Delcampe, les auteurs étudient les messages portés par les cartes, recensent le sexe des correspondants (majoritairement des femmes), et comparent les nombreuses images qui rejouent le couple en prière dans un champ. Aux diverses caractéristiques de cette production, les auteurs confrontent celles d’une autre série de cartes postales développée à la même époque, cartes représentant des Algériens priant en extérieur, expédiées en France par des militaires et des fonctionnaires civils installés en Afrique du Nord. Les auteurs mettent en évidence ce que ces deux séries de cartes postales révèlent des attitudes de l’opinion envers les « types » représentés, et l’inflexion de l’espace public par la religion.
Regulation of TLR3 Activation by S100A9
Authors: Tsai Su-Yu , Segovia Jesus A. , Chang Te-Hung , Shil Niraj K. , Pokharel Swechha M. , Kannan T. R. , Baseman Joel B. , Defrêne Joan , Pagé Nathalie , Cesaro Annabelle , Tessier Philippe A. , Bose Santanu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Recognition of viral dsRNA by endosomal TLR3 activates innate immune response during virus infection. Trafficking of TLR3 to the endolysosomal compartment arising from fusion of late endosome (LE) with lysosome is required for recognition and detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns, which results in activation of the TLR3-dependent signaling cascade. Existing knowledge about the mechanism(s) and cellular factor(s) governing TLR3 trafficking is limited. In the current study, we identified intracellular S100A9 protein as a critical regulator of TLR3 trafficking. S100A9 was required for maturation of TLR3 containing early endosome (EE) into LE, the compartment that fuses with lysosome to form the endolysosomal compartment. A drastic reduction in cytokine production was observed in S100A9-knockout (KO) primary macrophages following RNA virus infection and treatment of cells with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyIC; a dsRNA mimetic that acts as a TLR3 agonist). Mechanistic studies revealed colocalization and interaction of S100A9 with TLR3 following polyIC treatment. S100A9–TLR3 interaction was critical for maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE because TLR3 could not be detected in the LE of polyIC-treated S100A9-KO macrophages. Subsequently, TLR3 failed to colocalize with its agonist (i.e., biotin-labeled polyIC) in S100A9-deficient macrophages. The in vivo physiological role of S100A9 was evident from loss of cytokine production in polyIC-treated S100A9-KO mice. Thus, we identified intracellular S100A9 as a regulator of TLR3 signaling and demonstrated that S100A9 functions during pre-TLR3 activation stages by facilitating maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE.
Clinical Experience of the Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Authors: Sung Hyung Min , Chung Ho Yun , Lee Seok Jong , Lee Jong Min , Huh Seung , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Cho Byung Chae 
Published: September 2015

Background The Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) is characterized by three clinical features, namely cutaneous capillary malformations, venous malformations, and soft tissue and/or bony hypertrophy of the extremities. The varied manifestations are attributed to the unpredictable clinical nature and prognosis of the syndrome. To elucidate the clinical characteristics of this disease, we reviewed a relatively large number of KTS patients who presented to our vascular anomalies center.
Methods We conducted a retrospective study with 19 patients who were diagnosed with KTS and treated in our vascular anomalies clinic between 2003 and 2014, and examined their demographic characteristics, their clinical features, and the treatments administered.
Results The sex distribution was balanced, with 9 (47%) males and 10 (53%) females. The mean follow-up period was 4.1 years (range, 7 months-9 years). Most of the patients received conservative treatments such as medication or physiotherapy. Compression therapies such as wearing of elastic garments/bandages were also administered, and surgical interventions were considered only when the patients became excessively symptomatic. Other treatments included laser therapy and sclerotherapy, and all the treatments were adjusted according to each case, tailored to the conditions of the individual patients.
Conclusions KTS is an extremely rare, multifactorial disorder that induces widely varied symptoms. Because of this unique feature, plastic surgeons, when not careful, tend to attach a one-sided importance to typical symptoms such as limb hypertrophy or capillary malformation and thus overlook other symptoms and clinical features. KTS can be suspected in all infants who show capillary malformations or limb hypertrophy and require a multi-disciplinary approach for comprehensive management.
Radiation Therapy Following Total Keloidectomy: A Retrospective Study over 11 Years
Authors: Kim Kyuhee , Son Daegu , Kim Jinhee 
Published: September 2015

Background Radiotherapy treatment after keloidectomy is known to be an effective method for reducing the rate of recurrence. However, to date, the appropriate total radiation dose and fractionation have not yet been confirmed. The authors performed a retrospective analysis to identify the appropriate radiation dose and fractionation in post-keloidectomy radiotherapy.
Methods From May 2000 to February 2011, postoperative radiotherapy was performed on 39 lesions in 28 patients after total keloidectomy. The keloid lesions were confined to the ear lobes. Between May 2000 and May 2004, 14 keloids were treated with surgical excision, followed by a total radiation dose of 1,200 cGy in three fractions over four to five days (group 1). Between June 2004 to February 2011, 25 keloids were treated with surgical excision, followed by a total radiation dose of 1,500 cGy in three fractions over four to five days (group 2). Patients were given a survey asking them to report their experiences regarding reoperation, recurrence of symptoms, recurrence of the lesion, and satisfaction with the operation.
Results Of the 28 patients who were treated, 20 underwent follow-up. Group 2 had more cases showing elevation with erythematous changes, whereas group 1 had more cases showing progressive stages of elevation than group 2. These differences were statistically significant. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the level of keloid elevation and the extent of symptoms.
Conclusions We suggest 1,500 cGy of radiation in three fractions following keloidectomy for ear lobe keloids. A further randomized study is needed to assess the recurrence of keloids after radiotherapy.
Scar Wars: Preferences in Breast Surgery
Authors: Joyce Cormac W , Murphy Siun , Murphy Stephen , Kelly Jack L , Morrison Colin M 
Published: September 2015

Background The uptake of breast reconstruction is ever increasing with procedures ranging from implant-based reconstructions to complex free tissue transfer. Little emphasis is placed on scarring when counseling patients yet they remain a significant source of morbidity and litigation. The aim of this study was to examine the scarring preferences of men and women in breast oncoplastic and reconstructive surgery.
Methods Five hundred men and women were asked to fill out a four-page questionnaire in two large Irish centres. They were asked about their opinions on scarring post breast surgery and were also asked to rank the common scarring patterns in wide local excisions, oncoplastic procedures, breast reconstructions as well as donor sites.
Results Fifty-eight percent of those surveyed did not feel scars were important post breast cancer surgery. 61% said that their partners' opinion of scars were important. The most preferred wide local excision scar was the lower lateral quadrant scar whilst the scars from the deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap were most favoured. The superior gluteal artery perforator flap had the most preferred donor site while surprisingly, the DIEP had the least favourite donor site.
Conclusions Scars are often overlooked when planning breast surgery yet the extent and position of the scar needs to be outlined to patients and it should play an important role in selecting a breast reconstruction option. This study highlights the need for further evaluation of patients' opinions regarding scar patterns.
Nipple-Areola Complex Necrosis after Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Cho Jin-Woo , Yoon Eul-Sik , You Hi-Jin , Kim Hyon-Surk , Lee Byung-Il , Park Seung-Ha 
Published: September 2015

Background Autologous or implant-based breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy is increasingly preferred worldwide as a breast cancer treatment option. However, postoperative nipple-areola complex (NAC) necrosis is the most significant complication of nipple-sparing mastectomy. The purpose of our study was to identify the risk factors for NAC necrosis, and to describe the use of our skin-banking technique as a solution.
Methods We reviewed cases of immediate autologous breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy at our institution between June 2005 and January 2014. The patients' data were reviewed and the risk of NAC necrosis was analyzed based on correlations between patient variables and NAC necrosis. Moreover, data pertaining to five high-risk patients who underwent the donor skin-banking procedure were included in the analysis.
Results Eighty-five patients underwent immediate autologous breast reconstruction after nipple-sparing mastectomy during the study period. Partial or total NAC necrosis occurred in 36 patients (43.4%). Univariate analysis and binary regression modeling found that body mass index, smoking history, radiation therapy, and mastectomy volume were significantly associated with NAC necrosis. Of the 36 cases of NAC necrosis, 31 were resolved with dressing changes, debridement, or skin grafting. The other five high-risk patients underwent our prophylactic skin-banking technique during breast reconstruction surgery.
Conclusions NAC necrosis is common in patients with multiple risk factors. The use of the skin-banking technique in immediate autologous breast reconstruction is an attractive option for high-risk patients. Banked skin can be used in such cases without requiring additional donor tissue, with good results in terms of aesthetic and reconstructive outcomes.
Developing an Integrated Model of Equity Mutual Funds Performance: Evidence from the Indonesian Mutual Funds Market
Authors: Damayanti Sylviana Maya , Cintyawati Cici 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aims to determine the factors that affect the performance of mutual funds, especially equity mutual funds. There are several factors that considered affect the performance of mutual funds such as: Asset Under Management (AUM), fund age, past performance, asset allocation, Turn of the Year effect, equity funds with blue chip or non-blue chip stocks, equity funds owned by insurance or non-insurance, external factors such as the rupiah against the US dollar (exchange rate), and investors behavior factor. In this study the researchers have collected data from January 2008 to December 2014. For the purpose of the study the researchers have selected 30 sample of equity mutual funds are still active from 2008-2014. The results are processed using Sharpe ratio to measure the magnitude of risk premium for each unit of risk taken. The result shows that all variables has significant influence on the performance of equity mutual funds. Partially, Asset Under Management (AUM), fund age, asset allocation, Turn of the Year Effect, exchange rate, and investor behavior have significant influence on the performance of equity mutual funds. While another variables such as past performance, Blue Chip and Non-Blue Chip Mutual Funds and insurance and non-insurance company don’t have significant influence on the performance of equity mutual funds in Indonesia. All of variables studied have great contribution on the performance of equity mutual funds. This finding can guide the investment managers in formulating an appropriate investment strategy for investors who want to put their funds into equity funds. This finding can guide the investment managers in formulating an appropriate strategy for investors who want to put their funds into equity funds. Through this study also the authors give a recommendation about the optimal portfolio strategy for the investors. The research result also shows that strategic asset allocation with rebalancing strategy is considered best done by an investor. This finding can be used by the investors as a reference to invest in equity mutual funds to improve the profit to develop their business. (Abstract)
Understanding erosion rates in the Himalayan orogen: A case study from the Arun Valley
Authors: Olen Stephanie M. , Bookhagen Bodo , Hoffmann Bernd , Sachse Dirk , Adhikari D. P. , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the rates and pattern of erosion is a key aspect of deciphering the impacts of climate and tectonics on landscape evolution. Denudation rates derived from terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCNs) are commonly used to quantify erosion and bridge tectonic (Myr) and climatic (up to several kiloyears) time scales. However, how the processes of erosion in active orogens are ultimately reflected in 10Be TCN samples remains a topic of discussion. We investigate this problem in the Arun Valley of eastern Nepal with 34 new 10Be‐derived catchment‐mean denudation rates. The Arun Valley is characterized by steep north‐south gradients in topography and climate. Locally, denudation rates increase northward, from <0.2 mm yr−1 to ~1.5 mm yr−1 in tributary samples, while main stem samples appear to increase downstream from ~0.2 mm yr−1 at the border with Tibet to 0.91 mm yr−1 in the foreland. Denudation rates most strongly correlate with normalized channel steepness (R2 = 0.67), which has been commonly interpreted to indicate tectonic activity. Significant downstream decrease of 10Be concentration in the main stem Arun suggests that upstream sediment grains are fining to the point that they are operationally excluded from the processed sample. This results in 10Be concentrations and denudation rates that do not uniformly represent the upstream catchment area. We observe strong impacts on 10Be concentrations from local, nonfluvial geomorphic processes, such as glaciation and landsliding coinciding with areas of peak rainfall rates, pointing toward climatic modulation of predominantly tectonically driven denudation rates.
Potential of hydraulically induced fractures to communicate with existing wellbores
Authors: Montague James A. , Pinder George F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe probability that new hydraulically fractured wells drilled within the area of New York underlain by the Marcellus Shale will intersect an existing wellbore is calculated using a statistical model, which incorporates: the depth of a new fracturing well, the vertical growth of induced fractures, and the depths and locations of existing nearby wells. The model first calculates the probability of encountering an existing well in plan view and combines this with the probability of an existing well‐being at sufficient depth to intersect the fractured region. Average probability estimates for the entire region of New York underlain by the Marcellus Shale range from 0.00% to 3.45% based upon the input parameters used. The largest contributing parameter on the probability value calculated is the nearby density of wells meaning that due diligence by oil and gas companies during construction in identifying all nearby wells will have the greatest effect in reducing the probability of interwellbore communication.
Climatological distribution of aragonite saturation state in the global oceans
Authors: Jiang Li‐Qing , Feely Richard A. , Carter Brendan R. , Greeley Dana J. , Gledhill Dwight K. , Arzayus Krisa M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in surface and subsurface waters of the global oceans was calculated from up‐to‐date (through the year of 2012) ocean station dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) data. Surface Ωarag in the open ocean was always supersaturated (Ω > 1), ranging between 1.1 and 4.2. It was above 2.0 (2.0–4.2) between 40°N and 40°S but decreased toward higher latitude to below 1.5 in polar areas. The influences of water temperature on the TA/DIC ratio, combined with the temperature effects on inorganic carbon equilibrium and apparent solubility product (K′sp), explain the latitudinal differences in surface Ωarag. Vertically, Ωarag was highest in the surface mixed layer. Higher hydrostatic pressure, lower water temperature, and more CO2 buildup from biological activity in the absence of air‐sea gas exchange helped maintain lower Ωarag in the deep ocean. Below the thermocline, aerobic decomposition of organic matter along the pathway of global thermohaline circulation played an important role in controlling Ωarag distributions. Seasonally, surface Ωarag above 30° latitudes was about 0.06 to 0.55 higher during warmer months than during colder months in the open‐ocean waters of both hemispheres. Decadal changes of Ωarag in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans showed that Ωarag in waters shallower than 100 m depth decreased by 0.10 ± 0.09 (−0.40 ± 0.37% yr−1) on average from the decade spanning 1989–1998 to the decade spanning 1998–2010.
Cervical dystonia caused by focal putaminal ischemia
Authors: Dinkelbach Lars , Hartmann Christian Johannes , Mathys Christian , Wojtecki Lars , Hänggi Daniel , Südmeyer Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe a 48‐year‐old woman with putaminal gliosis and a sphenoid wing meningioma at the left, who developed dystonia restricted to cervical regions. We propose the following causal chain: the meningioma led to an occlusion of a lenticulo‐striatal branch of the middle cerebral artery that caused ventral putaminal ischemia and finally resulting in symptomatic dystonia. The previously reported relevance of the infarcted regions to the pathophysiology of dystonia supports this assumption. Implications for the diagnostic procedure of dystonia will be discussed.