bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How is social support defined, categorized and measured in studies of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses: A scoping review
Authors: Asuquo Enobong Gideon , Murphy‐Tighe Sylvia , Ryan Ruth , O'Sullivan Kieran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo summarize current literature on the definition, categorization and measurement of social support in studies of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders among hospital nurses.DesignA scoping review.Data SourcesA literature search of four databases (CINAHL, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) was employed to map the evidence between January 2012 and April 2023 on the definition, categorization and measurement of social support in studies of work‐related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses in hospital settings.Review MethodsThis review adopted Arksey and O'Malley's framework for conducting scoping reviews. Data extraction was reported using PRISMA Scoping Review guidelines and articles synthesized using a descriptive approach.ResultsFifteen studies met the criteria for inclusion in the review. Social support was distinctly defined in only two studies. Four main categories of social support identified were Co‐worker, Supervisor, Family and Overall support. Eight tools were found to measure social support, and the most used tool was the Job Content Questionnaire.ConclusionsThe review identified that social support is often not explicitly defined. Furthermore, social support can be categorized and measured in different ways, using diverse tools. This variation may affect the understanding of social support and the approaches in measuring and providing social support in the workplace.ImpactStudies should clearly define the social support category evaluated, to facilitate comparisons between studies of nurses with work‐related musculoskeletal disorders. Healthcare managers should obtain feedback from nurses to ensure that the category of social support provided matches that which the nurse requires to ensure it helps the nurse from an organizational perspective. Healthy social relationships should be encouraged among nurses to promote nurses' well‐being and by extension patient care.Patient or Public ContributionThere was no patient or public involvement.
The impact of a clinical academic nurse researcher in critical care: A 1‐year service review
Authors: Ede J. , Sutherland S. , Lumley C. , Douglass A. , Walthall H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo outline the activity and impact from implementing a clinical academic nurse researcher in a multi‐centre critical care unit.DesignA prospective exploratory activity audit informed by the Plan, Do, Study, Act framework.MethodsQuantitative data on clinical academic activity, from 1 April 2023 to 31 March 2024, were collected in a Microsoft Excel © [2022, version 16.66.1] spreadsheet. Activity narratives were detailed in qualitative data and the impact categorized.ResultsA total of 1500 clinical academic activity hours were logged (accounting for annual leave entitlement and sickness). Of these, 973 h were directly categorized within clinical academic activity. Most frequently undertaken clinical academic activities were academic writing (17.6%), data collection/analysis (9.6%), grant and funding workup (6.8%), Intensive Care Unit service development (6.6%), clinical activity (5.2%) and local level capability and capacity (4.9%) and other supportive tasks such as administration, unscheduled meetings, critical planning time and peer support (38%). Improvements broadly mapped onto five healthcare improvement domains; organizational, process design, data optimization and utilization, evidenced‐based practice, and patients/staff impact.ConclusionsOur data indicate system mechanisms afforded by the clinical academic role that have not been explored within the contemporary literature. A nursing clinical academic demonstrates impact across the broad organization whilst increasing the visibility of nursing work and the potential for system resilience. In conclusion, our service review underscores the transformative potential of clinical academics in shaping the future of healthcare. Utilizing their expertise and contributions paves the way for innovation, excellence and sustainability in patient care.ImpactThis review has provided clarity about clinical academic activity of a nurse researcher during the first year. There is international impact of this work for both clinical academics who may be evaluating such roles and healthcare management developing similar roles locally.Patient and Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Medical device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room: A scoping review
Authors: Tobiano Georgia , Huang Tai‐Yang , Lee Bih‐O , Ou Su Fei , Kuruppu Nipuna Randini , Gillespie Brigid M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo map the existing literature describing medical device‐related pressure injuries in patients during surgery, including investigation of the incidence, types of medical devices, risk factors and strategies for preventing medical device‐related pressure injuries.DesignA scoping review.Data SourcesIn April 2023, three databases were searched. Studies about adult patients undergoing surgery, from 2014 onwards, in English and Chinese were included. Data were extracted about study characteristics and data related to research questions. The Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework were used to synthesize findings.ResultsTwo different types of evidence were included in this review; 14 research studies and two quality improvement studies. The incidence of medical device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room was 0.56%–24.5% and respiratory devices were the most common medical devices investigated. Length of surgery, age and BMI were risk factors for medical device‐related pressure injuries in a few studies. The application of a prophylactic dressing and dressing maintenance was the most common prevention strategy.ConclusionOngoing research is needed to confirm the incidence of, and risk factors for, medical device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room. Additionally, more high‐quality evidence is needed to underpin current prevention strategies.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareOperating room nurses need to be aware of the risks of medical device‐related pressure injuries and assess and plan prevention strategies accordingly. Once more high‐quality evidence is available, operating room nurses could implement prevention strategies like prophylactic dressings.Reporting MethodScoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Diffusion of innovation, pre‐registration/licence student nurses' use of social media: A reflexive thematic analysis
Authors: Cathala Xabi , Moorley Calvin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo identify and report the use of social media among pre‐registration (pre‐licence) student nurses.MethodsA social survey was conducted in 2019 to explore student nurses' views of social media usage. Diffusion of innovation theory and social identity theory were used as the theoretical framework. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken of responses to an open‐ended question.Results351 responses were analysed. Four themes emerged: Social media as a communication tool that helps to keep in contact and communicate with friends, family, colleagues and peers; Social media and self‐care including a sense of pride, boosting morale and helping to relax; Social media and learning by sharing experiences, chatting, posts and social media and professionalism, participants expressed confusion over the use of social media professionally.ConclusionsThe diffusion of social media among UK student nurses is advancing in different aspects of UK student nurses' lives. However, the diffusion seems to slow down when it comes to the professional system. They express concerns that one social system can negatively impact another and have repercussions on a personal and/or professional level and therefore prevent UK student nurses from developing social media proficiencies. Guidance and support should be offered to UK student nurses to develop their social identity across the different systems. This diffusion can help to educate student nurses and future professionals in a globally connected world.ImpactSocial media features in student nurses' personal and professional lives and presents challenges for social identity which is woven into the personal and professional personas. Nursing faculties should have social media competencies embedded into the curricula to develop and strengthen students' social and professional identities across the different systems.Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Normalization of increasing shocking coil impedance with full output synchronized shock
Authors: Kadosaka Takahide , Watanabe Masaya , Nakao Motoki , Koya Taro , Temma Taro , Anzai Toshihisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionImpedance is a crucial parameter in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Clinically, most CIEDs measure impedance using low voltage sub‐threshold measurement (LVSM). Although the LVSM of shock impedance (LVSM‐SI) is generally comparable with high voltage shock impedance (HVSI), LVSM‐SI might be inaccurate if peri‐lead tissue degeneration occurs.Methods and ResultsWe present a case of elevated LVSM‐SI occurring 8 years post‐lead implantation, possibly attributed to encapsulation of the right ventricular lead coil. After 0.1 J shock was delivered, a full output synchronized shock was administered to measure HVSI, revealing a normal value. Furthermore, LVSM‐SI was normalized and maintained within the normal range during long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionOur findings suggest conducting a full‐output synchronized shock test to assess HVSI when abnormal LVSM‐SI is detected in the remote phase post‐ICD implantation, which may be considered to help normalize LVSM shock impedance.
Evaluation of mechanisms involved in regulation of intrinsic excitability by extracellular calcium in CA1 pyramidal neurons of rat
Authors: Forsberg My , Zhou Dinna , Jalali Shadi , Faravelli Giorgia , Seth Henrik , Björefeldt Andreas , Hanse Eric 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is well recognized that changes in the extracellular concentration of calcium ions influence the excitability of neurons, yet what mechanism(s) mediate these effects is still a matter of debate. Using patch‐clamp recordings from rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, we examined the contribution of G‐proteins and intracellular calcium‐dependent signaling mechanisms to changes in intrinsic excitability evoked by altering the extracellular calcium concentration from physiological (1.2 mM) to a commonly used experimental (2 mM) level. We find that the inhibitory effect on intrinsic excitability of calcium ions is mainly expressed as an increased threshold for action potential firing (with no significant effect on resting membrane potential) that is not blocked by either the G‐protein inhibitor GDPβS or the calcium chelator BAPTA. Our results therefore argue that in the concentration range studied, G‐protein coupled calcium‐sensing receptors, non‐selective cation conductances, and intracellular calcium signaling pathways are not involved in mediating the effect of extracellular calcium ions on intrinsic excitability. Analysis of the derivative of the action potential, dV/dt versus membrane potential, indicates a current shift towards more depolarized membrane potentials at the higher calcium concentration. Our results are thus consistent with a mechanism in which extracellular calcium ions act directly on the voltage‐gated sodium channels by neutralizing negative charges on the extracellular surface of these channels to modulate the threshold for action potential activation.
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Discharge disposition for home health care patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia: The role of living arrangements and rural living
Authors: Jung Daniel , Ha (Steph) Choi Jeong , Emerson Kerstin Gerst 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationship between living arrangements and discharge disposition, and how this relationship differs by the rural or urban characteristics of the patient's residence among home health care patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD).MethodsThis retrospective study used the 2019 Outcome and Assessment Information Set and the Master Beneficiary Summary File. Our study was based on 531,269 Medicare fee‐for‐service patients with ADRD. We used linear probability regression models to examine the relationship between discharge disposition (to the community vs. an institution) and living arrangements, including an interaction term for rural‐urban residence.FindingsPatients in rural areas (19.8%) were more likely to live alone than those in urban areas (15.2%). Our main results show that patients living at home with others (coefficient: –0.02, p‐value < 0.001) or alone (coefficient: –0.03, p‐value < 0.001) were less likely to be discharged to the community compared to patients who lived in congregate settings. Also, for patients with ADRD who lived in rural areas, living at home with others (rural*home with others; coefficient: –0.02, p‐value < 0.001) or living alone (rural*home alone; coefficient: –0.03, p‐value<0.001) were associated with additional lower probabilities of being discharged to their communities.ConclusionsA multidimensional approach considering living arrangements to support home health care patients with ADRD could be critical to achieving better health outcomes. Furthermore, implementing area‐specific target interventions could be important for improving the care and health of patients with ADRD as well as reducing rural‐urban disparities in discharge disposition.
Loss of rapid eye movement atonia in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and narcolepsy
Authors: Edlinger Franziska , Böck Marion , Seidel Stefan , Trimmel Karin 
Published: August 2024

SummaryA reduction of physiological muscle atonia during rapid eye movement sleep is characteristic in patients with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, however, it can also be found in narcolepsy patients. We evaluated rapid eye movement sleep associated electromyographic activity to set cut‐off values of rapid eye movement sleep without atonia, differentiating rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and narcolepsy patients from controls to enable more precise future diagnostic criteria for these disorders. We retrospectively analysed polysomnography recordings of 16 rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients, 15 narcolepsy patients, and 19 controls. The combination of phasic and tonic electromyographic activity was recorded in the mentalis and tibialis anterior muscles and analysed in 3 second miniepochs. The cut‐off value for a diagnosis of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder was 17.07% (100% sensitivity, 94.7% specificity, area under the curve 0.997). For the diagnosis of narcolepsy, we yielded a cut‐off value of 8.4% (86.4% sensitivity, 68.4% specificity, area under the curve 0.850). Rapid eye movement sleep without atonia significantly (p = 0.046) increased in the second night half in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients, while it remained moderately increased in the narcolepsy group. Polysomnographic evaluation proves significantly higher rates of rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder than in narcolepsy patients, allowing differentiation from controls with high sensitivity and specificity. An increase throughout the night is characteristic for rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, whereas a consistent elevation is typical in narcolepsy patients.
The decoy effect only works when the number of options is less than six
Authors: Banerjee Subrato , Kandregula Pragathi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe decoy effect is a well‐documented source of violation of elements of demand theory. We experimentally demonstrate that the decoy effect only works when the number of options is limited (specifically not more than five). This is because, with more and more options, it may get difficult for consumers to spot the decoy (against which a Pareto dominant option is made to look more attractive), rendering the decoy effect ineffective. Identifying that the decoy effect works because it facilitates easier choice‐making, we observe that the difficulty in choice‐making with or without the decoy is statistically the same when the number of options to choose from is six or more.
Frequent transient ischemic attack in association with Japanese‐style bathing: A case report
Authors: Oomura Masahiro , Inoue Hiroyasu , Nishikawa Yusuke , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is known that the traditional Japanese way of bathing can trigger stroke events. We report a patient with internal carotid artery pseudo‐occlusion who presented with transient ischemic attack only after bathing.
Gingival crevicular fluid levels of TLR‐9, AIM‐2, and ZBP‐1 in periodontal diseases
Authors: Yılmaz Büşra , Emingil Gülnur , Öztürk Veli Özgen , Atmaca Harika , Köse Timur , Kantarcı Alpdoğan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesToll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9, may play a role in periodontal disease inflammation. This study measured TLR‐9 and its related molecules, absence in melanoma‐2 (AIM‐2) and Z‐DNA‐binding protein‐1 (ZBP‐1), in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from patients with varying stages of periodontal disease to assess the role of pathogen‐derived nucleic acids in inflammation.Materials and MethodsThe study comprised 80 participants: 20 with Stage III Grade C periodontitis, 20 with Stage III Grade B periodontitis (P‐Stage III‐B), 19 with gingivitis, and 21 with periodontal health. Parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. ELISA was used to analyze TLR‐9, AIM‐2, and ZBP‐1 levels in GCF. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparisons.ResultsThe total amount of TLR‐9 was higher in P‐Stage III‐B than in the healthy group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the gingivitis group exhibited elevated GCF TLR‐9 levels compared to the healthy group (p < 0.05). GCF AIM‐2 and ZBP‐1 levels remained consistent across groups (p > 0.05). Significant correlations were found between GCF TLR‐9 and CAL (p < 0.05), BOP (p < 0.05), PI (p < 0.01), and GCF volume (p < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings suggested that the TLR‐9‐mediated inflammatory process plays a role in periodontal disease, as evidenced by the increased levels of TLR‐9 in GCF.
Harnessing the Power of an Extensive EMS‐Induced Sorghum Population for Rapid Crop Improvement
Authors: Mason Patrick John , Blaakmeer Anko , Furtado Agnelo , Stuart Peter Norman , Nomula Rajesh , Bjarnholt Nanna , Sørensen Mette , Koleva Donka Teneva , Pedas Pai Rosager , Knudsen Søren , Møller Birger Lindberg , Skadhauge Birgitte , Henry Robert James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlant breeders leverage mutagenesis using chemical, biological, and physical mutagens to create novel trait variations. Many widely used sorghum genotypes have a narrow genetic base, which hinders improvements using classical breeding. Enhancing the diversity of the sorghum genome thus remains a key priority for sorghum breeders. To accelerate the genetic enhancement of sorghum, an extensive library comprised of seeds from 150,000 individual mutant plants of the Sorghum bicolor inbred line BTx623 was established using ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) as a mutagen. The sorghum mutant library was bulked into 1498 pools (~100 seed heads per pool). In each pool, DNA was extracted from a subset of the seed and screened using the FIND‐IT technology based on droplet digital PCR. All 43 nucleotide substitutions that were screened using FIND‐IT were identified, demonstrating the potential to identify any EMS‐derived mutation in an elite line of sorghum within days. This diverse library represents the largest collection of sorghum mutants ever conceived, estimated to cover 240% of all possible EMS‐induced mutation points within the Sorghum genome. Using FIND‐IT, the speed at which a specific desired EMS‐derived mutation can be identified is a major upgrade to conventional reverse genetic techniques. Additionally, the ease at which valuable variants can be integrated into elite commercial lines is a far simpler and less expensive process compared to genome editing. Genomic variations in the library will have direct utility as a breeding resource for commercial sorghum applications, allowing enhanced adaptation to climate change and enhanced yield potential in marginal environments.
The effects of sleep quality on loneliness among older adults: cohort analysis from the life course perspective
Authors: Qin Hui , Chen Na , Zhuo Li , Yu Fei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundUsing cohort analysis to examine the effects of sleep quality on loneliness among older adults from the life course perspective.MethodsThe hierarchical age‐period‐cohort growth curve model was used to analyze the data from the 2005–2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS).Results(1) Loneliness has a ‘U’ curve relationship with age, but with the rate of increase gradually slowing down. (2) There were significant differences in loneliness across birth cohorts, with younger cohorts having higher predicted loneliness than older cohorts at the same age. (3) The influence of different sleep quality on loneliness showed a trend of increasing with age. (4) There were no significant differences in the impact of sleep quality on loneliness in different cohorts.ConclusionsThis study has identified heterogeneity in loneliness, emphasising the need for a diversified intervention approach. Sleep quality has a protective effect on loneliness and is easy to assess, making it an important intervention tool. In addition, it is imperative to account for the influences of age and cohort effects when formulating intervention strategies.
Unveiling complexities: Income inequality and inequality of opportunity in China
Authors: Zhu Mingying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe analysis of income and opportunity inequality in China reveals fluctuating trends at both national and provincial levels. The decrease in income inequality within provinces is attributed to regional development, while the widening income gap nationwide is linked to faster economic growth in developed areas. Since 2010, inequality of opportunity has represented between 29% and 47% of income inequality. Utilizing Roemer's “circumstance‐effort” framework, the study highlights the direct and indirect influences of circumstances on inequality of opportunity, with regional factors, age, and family economic status having significant impacts. In the indirect channel, the impact of internet usage has decreased, while education, employment, and health have shown deepened role on income. Overall, the changing influence of circumstance factors on current income underscores the evolving nature of these disparities, emphasizing the importance of addressing inequality of opportunity to foster a more inclusive and equitable society in China.
The effect of inter vivos gift taxation on wealth inequality and economic growth
Authors: Nakano Ryota 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the effect of inter vivos gift taxation on wealth inequality and economic growth. We develop a simple model with inter vivos gifts, which are generated by altruism and gift taxation in an overlapping generation setting. The analysis shows that an increase in the gift tax rate reduces inequality, and a positive tax rate maximizes the economic growth rate. From a policy perspective, rather than exempting gifts from taxation, raising the gift tax rate to some extent reduces inequality and promotes human capital accumulation and, therefore, economic growth.