bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Democratic Approach to Social Learning and Conflicting Values
Authors: Fesmire Steven 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This chapter differentiates and advances a general pragmatist approach to ethics, taking environmental problems as test cases. The chapter includes a study of pragmatic pluralism as a perspective on climate ethics, inspired in part by philosopher Andrew Light’s work on climate diplomacy and by Bryan Norton’s environmental pragmatism. After explaining the ends-means continuum to clarify what makes an approach to moral intelligence “pragmatic,” the chapter turns to Isaiah Berlin’s “The Hedgehog and the Fox” for metaphors to understand Dewey’s democratic approach to social learning amid conflicting values. In opposition to elite technocratic rule in the vein of Walter Lippmann’s The Phantom Public, Dewey warned against overreliance on expert-driven decisions, and where practicable he advocated widening participatory processes that enlist communities in learning. His aim was to foster a “planning society,” rather than a planned society, that consults stakeholders, uncovers troubles, and organizes the expertise to deal with those troubles.
BD SurePath Direct to Slide (DTS) cervical cytology: Migrating the benefits of liquid-based cytology to low-resource settings
Authors: Malinowski Douglas P , Callaghan Ryan , Whitehead Clark , Nelson Romana , Allen Lisa , Purnell Dondrea , Taylor Adriann , Morel Didier , Dhewar Aisha , Chai-Hong Vanessa Soh , Giap-Hean Goh , Tan Soo-Yong , Tapas Sagar , Andrews Jeffrey 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The benefits of liquid-based cytology (LBC) in routine cervical cancer screening are often associated with the availability of instrumented platforms and economic considerations. A low-cost alternative to LBC in low-volume settings remains an unmet need.

Methods
A multisite evaluation of the BD SurePath (SurePath) LBC Direct to Slide (DTS) method was conducted. The DTS preparations were evaluated across 3 sites. Cytology features for DTS preparation included predetermined thresholds for total cellularity, cell distribution, cellular preservation, and stain quality. Rare event detection was evaluated using SiHa cells spiked into pools from negative cytology specimens. Concordance between Bethesda classification results was evaluated for SurePath LBC and DTS methods using routinely collected SurePath specimens in a split-sample study design.

Results
The DTS specimens met criteria for total cellularity, cell distribution, cellular preservation, and stain quality in more than 98% of all cases. Rare event detection was observed with an average detection of 5 SiHa cells per 2 mL of specimen. Concordant cervical cytology classifications were observed between SurePath LBC and DTS methods.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate that the DTS process is suitable for routine cervical cytology evaluation. The procedure is reproducible and detected abnormal cervical cells in concordance with standard SurePath LBC preparation.
Efficacy and Safety of RelabotulinumtoxinA, a New Ready-to-Use Liquid Formulation Botulinum Toxin: Results From the READY-1 Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trial in Glabellar Lines
Authors: Shridharani Sachin M , Moradi Amir , Donofrio Lisa , Gold Michael H , Biesman Brian , Chiang Melissa , George Rosalyn , Polder Kristel , Solish Nowell , Schwarcz  , Lin Xiaoming , Axén Eva , Prygova Inna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
RelabotulinumtoxinA (RelaBoNT-A, Galderma, Uppsala, Sweden) is an innovative, ready-to-use liquid botulinum toxin A, produced with PEARL (precipitation-free extraction and activity-preserving refined liquid) manufacturing technology, which yields a potent, complex-free formulation.

Objectives
In the READY-1 study, efficacy and safety outcomes following a single RelaBoNT-A treatment for glabellar line correction were examined.

Methods
Adults with moderate to severe glabellar lines received RelaBoNT-A (50 U) or placebo in a 3:1 randomized, 6-month, phase 3, multicenter, double-blind study. Primary endpoints (examined at Month 1, maximum frown) comprised the composite ≥2-grade response, defined as ≥2-grades improvement from baseline on concurrent investigator (glabellar line investigator live assessment; GL-ILA) and participant (glabellar line subject live assessment; GL-SLA) severity scales (US endpoint), and the investigator-reported responder rate for participants scored as 0 (none) or 1 (mild) (GL-ILA scale only; EU endpoint). Participant satisfaction and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported.

Results
Overall, 297 adults were randomized and treated. Month 1 composite ≥2-grade responder rate was 82.9% (RelaBoNT-A, n = 199) vs 0% (placebo, n = 67; P &lt; .001). Month 1 investigator-reported none or mild responder rate was 96.3% (RelaBoNT-A) vs 4.5% (placebo; P &lt; .001). GL-ILA scores remained higher with RelaBoNT-A (23.6% [none or mild]; 58.1% [≥1-grade improvement]) vs placebo (1.5%; 10.4%, respectively) through Month 6 (P &lt; .001). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, 75% still showed GL-ILA and GL-SLA improvements from baseline at 169 days (end of study). Participants reported onset of effect from Day 1 (39%) and satisfaction with natural-looking results (96.8%; Month 1). RelaBoNT-A–related TEAEs were low (3.6%) and typically mild.

Conclusions
A single RelaBoNT-A treatment was effective and demonstrated a favorable safety profile. RelaBoNT-A provided significant improvements in glabellar line severity, high satisfaction, rapid onset, and enduring effectiveness throughout the 6-month study period.

Level of Evidence: 1
Inflammasomes: emerging therapeutic targets in hidradenitis suppurativa?
Authors: Campbell Ciara , Mayatra Jay M , Neve Ashish J , Fletcher Jean M , Johnston Daniel G W 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent inflammatory lesions, which affect skin and hair follicles in intertriginous areas. HS has a multifactorial aetiology resulting in barrier dysfunction associated with aberrant immune activation. There is increased evidence for the role of inflammasomes in the pathophysiology of inflammatory skin diseases, including HS. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes activated following exposure to danger signals, including microbial ligands and components of damaged host cells. Inflammasome activation induces many signalling cascades and subsequent cleavage of proinflammatory cytokines – most notably interleukin (IL)-1β – which have a role in HS pathogenesis. Limited immunotherapies are approved for treating moderate-to-severe HS, with variable response rates influenced by disease heterogeneity. Inflammasomes represent attractive targets to suppress multiple inflammatory pathways in HS, including IL-1β and IL-17. This review aims to summarize the role of inflammasomes in HS and to evaluate evidence for inflammasomes as therapeutic targets for HS treatment.
Beta-adrenergic stimulation promotes an endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent inflammatory program in salivary gland epithelial cells
Authors: Moustaka Kalliopi , Stergiopoulos Athanasios , Tenta Roxane , Havaki Sophia , Katsiougiannis Stergios , Skopouli Fotini N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on human labial minor salivary gland epithelial cells (LMSGEC) on IL-6 production and its dependency on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were investigated. Primary LMSGEC from Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) patients and controls in culture were stimulated with epinephrine and IL-6 expression was evaluated by qPCR and ELISA. The expression of β-ARs in cultured LMSGEC was tested by qPCR, while adrenoceptors and cAMP levels were examined in LMSGs by immunofluorescence. ER evaluation was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ER stress by western blot. Epinephrine-induced IL-6 production by cultured LMSGEC was evaluated after alleviation of the ER stress by applying tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and silencing of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) RNAs. Expression of IL-6 by LMSGEC was upregulated after β-adrenergic stimulation, while the silencing of adrenoreceptors downregulated IL-6. The amelioration of ER stress, as well as the silencing of PERK/ATF4, prevented epinephrine-induced upregulation of IL-6. Adrenergic stimulation led to higher and sustained IL-6 levels secreted by LMSGEC of SS patients compared to controls. Adrenergic signaling was endogenously enhanced in LMSGEC of SS patients (expression of β-ARs in situ, intracellular cAMP in cultured LMSGEC). In parallel, SS-LMSGEC expressed dilated ER (TEM) and higher levels of GRP78/BiP. PERK/ATF4 pathway of the ER stress emerged as a considerable mediator of adrenergic stimulation for IL-6 production by the LMSGEC. An enhanced endogenous adrenergic activation and a stressed ER observed in SS-LMSGEC may contribute to a sustained IL-6 production by these cells after adrenergic stimulation.
Sea butterflies in a pickle: reliable biomarkers and seasonal sensitivity of Limacina retroversa to ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine
Authors: Maas Amy E , Lawson Gareth L , Bergan Alexander J , Wang Zhaohui Aleck , Tarrant Ann M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The passive dissolution of anthropogenically produced CO2 into the ocean system is reducing ocean pH and changing a suite of chemical equilibria, with negative consequences for some marine organisms, in particular those that bear calcium carbonate shells. Although our monitoring of these chemical changes has improved, we have not developed effective tools to translate observations, which are typically of the pH and carbonate saturation state, into ecologically relevant predictions of biological risks. One potential solution is to develop bioindicators: biological variables with a clear relationship to environmental risk factors that can be used for assessment and management. Thecosomatous pteropods are a group of pelagic shelled marine gastropods, whose biological responses to CO2 have been suggested as potential bioindicators of ocean acidification owing to their sensitivity to acidification in both the laboratory and the natural environment. Using five CO2 exposure experiments, occurring across four seasons and running for up to 15 days, we describe a consistent relationship between saturation state, shell transparency and duration of exposure, as well as identify a suite of genes that could be used for biological monitoring with further study. We clarify variations in thecosome responses due to seasonality, resolving prior uncertainties and demonstrating the range of their phenotypic plasticity. These biomarkers of acidification stress can be implemented into ecosystem models and monitoring programmes in regions where pteropods are found, whilst the approach will serve as an example for other regions on how to bridge the gap between point-based chemical monitoring and biologically relevant assessments of ecosystem health.
Tree species richness and ash density have variable effects on emerald ash borer biological control by woodpeckers and parasitoid wasps in post-invasion white ash stands
Authors: Wilson Caleb J , Petrice Toby R , Poland Therese M , McCullough Deborah G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) is the most destructive insect to invade North American forests. Identifying habitat features that support EAB natural enemies is necessary to enhance EAB biological control. In many forest ecosystems, tree species diversity has been linked with reduced pest abundance and increases in natural enemy abundance. We assessed the influence of tree species richness, ash density, and proportion of total ash basal area on ash canopy condition, EAB larval densities, and biocontrol by woodpeckers and parasitoids in pairs of healthy and declining overstory (DBH &gt; 10 cm) and recruit-sized ash (DBH 2–10 cm) in 4 post-invasion forests in Michigan, USA. Tree species richness and ash density were not significantly associated with EAB larval densities, ash canopy dieback and transparency, and woodpecker predation of EAB larvae. In declining and healthy overstory ash, woodpeckers killed 38.5 ± 3.9% and 13.2 ± 3.7% of larvae, respectively, while the native parasitoid Phasgonophora sulcata Westwood killed 15.8 ± 3.8% and 8.3 ± 3.0% and the introduced parasitoid Spathius galinae Belokobylskij & Strazanac killed 10.8 ± 2.5% and 5.0 ± 2.6% of EAB larvae. Parasitism by P. sulcata was inversely related to ash density while parasitism by S. galinae was positively associated with ash density. Ash density, but not tree diversity, appears to differentially influence biological control of EAB by parasitoids, but this effect is not associated with reduced EAB densities or improved canopy condition.
Practice pattern and risk of not receiving planned surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hong Tae Hee , Kim Tae Ho , Lee Genehee , Yun Jeonghee , Jeon Yeong Jeong , Lee Junghee , Shin Sumin , Park Seong Yong , Cho Jong Ho , Choi Yong Soo , Shim Young Mog , Sun Jong-Mu , Oh Dongryul , Kim Hong Kwan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Unlike the initial plan, some patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cannot or do not receive surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). This study aimed to report the epidemiology of patients not receiving surgery after nCRT and to evaluate the potential risk of refusing surgery.

METHODS
We analysed patients with clinical stage T3-T4aN0M0 or T1-T4aN1-N3M0 oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent nCRT as an initial treatment intent between January 2005 and March 2020. Patients not receiving surgery were categorized using predefined criteria. To evaluate the risk of refusing surgery, a propensity-matched comparison with those who received surgery was performed. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was compared between groups, according to clinical response to nCRT.

RESULTS
Among the study population (n = 715), 105 patients (14.7%) eventually failed to reach surgery. There were three major patterns of not receiving surgery: disease progression before surgery (n = 25), functional deterioration at reassessment (n = 47), and patient’s refusal without contraindications (n = 33). After propensity-score matching, the RFS curves of the surgery group and the refusal group were significantly different (P &lt; 0.001), while OS curves were not significantly different (P = 0.069). In patients who achieved clinical complete response on re-evaluation, no significant difference in the RFS curves (P = 0.382) and in the OS curves (P = 0.290) was observed between the surgery group and the refusal group. However, among patients who showed partial response or stable disease on re-evaluation, the RFS and OS curves of the refusal group were overall significantly inferior compared to those of the surgery group (both P &lt; 0.001). The 5-year RFS rates were 10.3% for the refusal group and 48.2% for the surgery group, and the 5-year OS rates were 8.2% for the refusal group and 46.1% for the surgery group.

CONCLUSIONS
Patient’s refusal remains one of the major obstacles in completing the trimodality therapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Refusing surgery when offered may jeopardize oncological outcome, particularly in those with residual disease on re-evaluation after nCRT. These results provide significant implications for consulting patients who are reluctant to oesophagectomy after nCRT.
Adaptive radiation during the evolution of complex multicellularity
Authors: Stoy Kayla S , Bingham Emma , Burnetti Anthony , Datta Sayantan , Pineau Rozenn , Peterson Autumn , Ratcliff William C 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The evolution of multicellularity led to the origin of new kinds of organisms and, in several lineages, massive adaptive radiations through the formation of entirely new ecosystems. This paper examines three key mechanisms underpinning parallel adaptive radiations within the five clades of ‘complex’ multicellularity: animals, land plants, fungi, red algae, and brown algae. First, the evolution of key multicellular innovations permitted diversification into new ecological roles. Second, the evolution of large multicellular organisms with strong genetic bottlenecks between generations fundamentally changed the population genetic context of evolution, greatly reducing effective population size and increasing the role of genetic drift. This may be beneficial during adaptive radiations, underpinning nonadaptive expansions of genome size and allowing broader exploration of multicellular trait space. Finally, we explore how evolutionary priority effects provide a first-mover advantage, maintaining ancient adaptive radiations over long time periods by suppressing competition from convergently evolving multicellular taxa. Investigating parallel patterns of diversification across independent origins of complex multicellularity provides insight into the principles underpinning these crucially important adaptive radiations.
Screening for primary aldosteronism in primary care: a scoping review
Authors: Tsan Kirsten , Yang Jun , Nainani Abhir , Libianto Renata , Russell Grant 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common treatable and potentially curable cause of secondary hypertension. Prompt diagnosis and management by primary care physicians (PCPs) is important given the increased risk of cardiovascular complications however screening rates are low in primary care. Our aim was to identify factors that influence screening behaviour for PA among PCPs.

Method
A rigorous scoping review of seven databases between 16/08/22 and 09/08/23 was used to investigate PA screening practices. Articles written in English from peer-reviewed literature within the last 20 years were eligible for inclusion if an aspect of their study was conducted in primary care.

Results
A total of 1380 titles and abstracts, and 61 full texts were screened, with 20 studies selected for data extraction. We identified three broad categories of factors influencing screening by PCPs—the patient, the clinician, and the healthcare system. Some studies targeted these factors to improve screening rates although there is little data on implementation and outcomes.

Conclusion
Low awareness, inadequate guidelines, and poor access to testing were identified as key barriers to PA screening. Targeted education sessions for PCPs, clear guidelines, and closer proximity to diagnostic centres may be required to improve PA detection in primary care.
GenBase: A Nucleotide Sequence Database
Authors: Bu Congfan , Zheng Xinchang , Zhao Xuetong , Xu Tianyi , Bai Xue , Jia Yaokai , Chen Meili , Hao Lili , Xiao Jingfa , Zhang Zhang , Zhao Wenming , Tang Bixia , Bao Yiming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The rapid advancement of sequencing technologies poses challenges in managing the large volume and exponential growth of sequence data efficiently and on time. To address this issue, we present GenBase (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/genbase), an open-access data repository that follows the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) data standards and structures, for efficient nucleotide sequence archiving, searching, and sharing. As a core resource within the National Genomics Data Center (NGDC) of the China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB; https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn), GenBase offers bilingual submission pipeline and services, as well as local submission assistance in China. GenBase also provides a unique Excel format for metadata description and feature annotation of nucleotide sequences, along with a real-time data validation system to streamline sequence submissions. As of April 23, 2024, GenBase received 68,251 nucleotide sequences and 689,574 annotated protein sequences across 414 species from 2319 submissions. Out of these, 63,614 (93%) nucleotide sequences and 620,640 (90%) annotated protein sequences have been released and are publicly accessible through GenBase’s web search system, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Application Programming Interface (API). Additionally, in collaboration with INSDC, GenBase has constructed an effective data exchange mechanism with GenBank and started sharing released nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, GenBase integrates all sequences from GenBank with daily updates, demonstrating its commitment to actively contributing to global sequence data management and sharing.
Description of a new species of Stenula Barnard, 1962 (Amphipoda: Stenothoidae) from British Columbia, Canada associated with Bouillonia sp. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Tubulariidae), with a key to the world species of Stenula
Authors: Tandberg Anne Helene S , Vader Wim 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new species of the amphipod family Stenothoidae found living in association with tubulariid hydroids in British Columbia, Canada is described. Stenula traudlaesp. nov., which has a rounded naked telson, a rounded posterodistal tooth on Ep3, and a heavily spinose P5, is described morphologically. We also include an updated key to world species of Stenula s.l. Associations of amphipods with tubulariids and other small hosts are discussed.
Battles between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a review
Authors: Champer Jackson , Schlenoff Debra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With their unique colony structure, competition between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) can be particularly intense, with colonies potentially willing to sacrifice large number of individuals to obtain resources or territory under the right circumstances. In this review, we cover circumstances in which ant competition escalates into combat, battle strategies and tactics, and analysis methods for these battles. The trends for when colonies choose to fight can vary greatly dependent on the species and situation, which we review in detail. Because of their large group sizes, ant conflicts can follow different patterns than many other species, with a variety of specialist adaptations and battle strategies, such as specialized worker classes and the need to rapidly recruit large number of compatriots. These same large group sizes also can make ant fighting amenable to mathematical analysis, particularly in the context of Lanchester’s laws that consider how total numbers influence the outcome of a confrontation. Yet, dynamic behavior can often disrupt idealized mathematical predictions in real-world scenarios, even though these can still shed light on the explanations for such behavior. We also systematically cover the literature on battles between groups of ants, presenting several other interesting studies on species with unique colony organization, such as army ants and leafcutter ants.