bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evolutionary disruption of the buzz pollination syndrome in neotropical montane plants
Authors: Nery Eduardo K. , Caddah Mayara K. , Michelangeli Fabian A. , Nogueira Anselmo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPremiseUnder pollinator limitations, specialized pollination syndromes may evolve toward contrasting responses: a generalized syndrome with increased pollinator attraction, pollinator reward, and pollen transfer capacity; or the selfing syndrome with increased self‐pollen deposition, but reduced pollinator attraction and pollen transfer capacity. The buzz‐pollination syndrome is specialized to explore female vibrating bees as pollinators. However, vibrating bees become less‐active pollinators at montane areas of the Atlantic Forest (AF) domain. This study investigated whether the specialized buzz‐pollination syndrome would evolve toward an alternative floral syndrome in montane areas of the AF domain, considering a generalized and the selfing syndromes as alternative responses.MethodsWe utilized a lineage within the buzz‐pollinated Miconia as study system, contrasting floral traits between montane AF‐endemic and non‐endemic species. We measured and validated floral traits that were proxies for pollinator attraction, reward access, pollen transfer capacity, and self‐pollen deposition. We inferred the evolution of floral trait via phylogenetic comparative methods.ResultsAF‐endemic species have selectively evolved greater reward access and more frequently had generalist pollination. Nonetheless, AF‐endemic species also have selectively evolved toward lower pollen transfer capacity and greater self pollination. These patterns indicated a complex evolutionary process that has jointly favored a generalized and the selfing syndromes.ConclusionsThe buzz pollination syndrome can undergo an evolutionary disruption in montane areas of the AF domain. This floral syndrome is likely more labile than often assumed, allowing buzz‐pollinated plants to reproduce in environments where vibrating bees are less‐reliable pollinators.
Neurovascular coupling, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular endothelial extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Owens Cameron D. , Pinto Camila Bonin , Mukli Peter , Gulej Rafal , Velez Faddi Saleh , Detwiler Sam , Olay Lauren , Hoffmeister Jordan R. , Szarvas Zsofia , Muranyi Mihaly , Peterfi Anna , Pinaffi‐Langley Ana Clara da C. , Adams Cheryl , Sharps Jason , Kaposzta Zalan , Prodan Calin I. , Kirkpatrick Angelia C. , Tarantini Stefano , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan , Olson Ann L. , Li Guangpu , Balasubramanian Priya , Galvan Veronica , Bauer Andrew , Smith Zachary A. , Dasari Tarun W. , Whitehead Shawn , Medapti Manoj R. , Elahi Fanny M. , Thanou Aikaterini , Yabluchanskiy Andriy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of dementia. Understanding the mechanistic changes from healthy aging to MCI is critical for comprehending disease progression and enabling preventative intervention.METHODSPatients with MCI and age‐matched controls (CN) were administered cognitive tasks during functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording, and changes in plasma levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were assessed using small‐particle flow cytometry.RESULTSNeurovascular coupling (NVC) and functional connectivity (FC) were decreased in MCI compared to CN, prominently in the left‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC). We observed an increased ratio of cerebrovascular endothelial EVs (CEEVs) to total endothelial EVs in patients with MCI compared to CN, correlating with structural MRI small vessel ischemic damage in MCI. LDLPFC NVC, CEEV ratio, and LDLPFC FC had the highest feature importance in the random Forest group classification.DISCUSSIONNVC, CEEVs, and FC predict MCI diagnosis, indicating their potential as markers for MCI cerebrovascular pathology.Highlights
Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Functional connectivity (FC) compensation mechanism is lost in MCI.
Cerebrovascular endothelial extracellular vesicles (CEEVs) are increased in MCI.
CEEV load strongly associates with cerebral small vessel ischemic lesions in MCI.
NVC, CEEVs, and FC predict MCI diagnosis over demographic and comorbidity factors.
The role of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in establishing the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Authors: Morris John C. , Buckles Virginia D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) initially was funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) in 2008 and thus was able to adopt and incorporate the protocols developed by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) that had been established by the NIA in 2004. The use of ADNI protocols for DIAN neuroimaging studies and assays of biological fluids for Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers permitted examination of the hypothesis that autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), studied by DIAN, and “sporadic” late‐onset AD (LOAD), studied by ADNI, shared the same pathobiological construct. In a collaborative effort, the longitudinal DIAN and ADNI databases were compared and the findings supported the conclusion that ADAD and LOAD share a similar pathophysiology. The importance of the DIAN study thus is amplified by its relevance to LOAD, as characterized by the “parent” ADNI program.
Organolanthanide Single‐Molecule Magnets with Heterocyclic Ligands
Authors: Wang Yidian , Luo Qian‐Cheng , Zheng Yan‐Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLanthanide (Ln) based mononuclear single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) provide probably the finest ligand regulation model for magnetic property. Recently, the development of such SMMs has witnessed a fast transition from coordination to organometallic complexes because the latter provides a fertile, yet not fully excavated soil for the development of SMMs. Especially those SMMs with heterocyclic ligands have shown the potential to reach higher blocking temperature. In this minireview, we give an overview of the design principle of SMMs and highlight those “shining stars” of heterocyclic organolanthanide SMMs based on the ring sizes of ligands, analysing how the electronic structures of those ligands and the stiffness of subsequently formed molecules affect the dynamic magnetism of SMMs. Finally, we envisaged the future development of heterocyclic Ln‐SMMs.
Realization of Long‐Life Proton Battery by Layer Intercalatable Electrolyte
Authors: Liang Peilin , Di Shuanlong , Zhu Yuxin , Li Zhongbiao , Wang Shulan , Li Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProton batteries have attracted increasing interests because of their potential for grid‐scale energy storage with high safety and great low‐temperature performances. However, their development is significantly retarded by electrolyte design due to free water corrosion. Herein, we report a layer intercalatable electrolyte (LIE) by introducing trimethyl phosphate (TMP) into traditional acidic electrolyte. Different from conventional role in batteries, the presence of TMP intriguingly achieves co‐intercalation of solvent molecules into the interlayer of anode materials, enabling a new working mechanism for proton reactions. The electrode corrosion was also strongly retarded with expanded electrochemical stability window. The half‐cell therefore showed an outstanding long‐term cycling stability with 91.0 % capacity retention at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled full batteries can even deliver an ultra‐long lifetime with a capacity retention of 74.9 % for 2 months running at −20 °C. This work provides new opportunities for electrolyte design of aqueous batteries.
Study on causes and laws of crystallization blockage for dolomite tunnel drainage pipeline
Authors: Tao Yonghu , Chen Chaoying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to study the crystallization blockage law and crystallization mechanism of dolomite tunnel drainage system, based on the indoor model test, the simulated crystal blockage and growth process were simulated. The phase composition and microstructure of the crystal were analyzed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Combined with the pipeline crystal weighing, the crystal growth law and the internal cause of pipeline blockage were analyzed. The results show that the pipeline crystallization mechanism is divided into the first mechanism, the second mechanism, and the third mechanism. The crystallization blockage of the longitudinal and horizontal pipes are more serious, while the crystallization blockage of the ring pipes are less harmful. The crystallization is positively correlated with ion concentration, crystalline ions having a great influence on the blockage of pipeline crystallization, while noncrystalline ions having little influence. The crystal growth law is fast first and then slow, the crystallization affected by the coupling concentration of Cl−‐K+‐Na + ions, and positively correlated with the coupling concentration of CO32−‐SO42−‐Ca2+‐Mg2+‐Al3+ ions. Compared with the longitudinal pipes and the ring pipes, the horizontal pipes have more crystallization and higher degree of crystallization blockage per meter, while the crystallization degree of the longitudinal pipes are between the horizontal pipes and the ring pipes.
Construction of fully bio‐based flame retardant and antibacterial coating on polyester fabric with chitosan and ammonium phytate
Authors: Li Haoshuai , Zheng Zhenrong , Liu Yanyan , Wang Hongyang , Zheng Zhaolin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this work, a flame retardant and antibacterial coating was constructed on the surface of polyester (PET) fabric by a simple layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method based on chitosan (CS) and ammonium phytate (APA). The introduction of the coating significantly improved the flame retardant, anti‐dripping, and antibacterial properties of PET fabrics. The PET fabric that has been treated exhibits a limiting oxygen index of 34.6%. During the vertical flame test, it forms an expanded char layer, reduces the damage length to 3.4 cm, and produces no molten drops. The cone calorimeter test results revealed that the peak heat release rate of the treated PET fabric decreased by 62.0%. Additionally, the finished PET fabric has significant antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, a slight increase in tensile breaking strength, and a slight decrease in whiteness index. This study presents a fully bio‐based, simple, and effective method for flame retardant, anti‐dripping, and antibacterial finishing of PET fabrics.
Thermally stable modification of PEO‐based all‐solid‐state electrolytes via a stretching flow field: Constructing a supportive polymer skeleton
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Zhang Zhen , Li Cheng , Fang Yiping , Liu Yong , Yi Qingfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince the advent of all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs), they have been widely regarded as the ideal high‐temperature‐resistant energy storage devices. The solid‐state electrolyte, a crucial component, should possess high ionic conductivity, excellent flexibility, and significant mechanical strength. Poly(ethylene oxide)‐based all‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes (PEO‐ASSPE) appear to meet these criteria. However, PEO‐ASSPE exhibits poor stability at elevated temperatures, where localized overheating and internal thermal runaway can lead to battery short‐circuit failure. To address these issues, this study employs a ethylene‐methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA) as a structural support polymer, blended via a eccentric rotor mixer. The homogeneously dispersed EMAA within the PEO matrix forms an interpenetrating network structure and interacts with other components, significantly enhancing the high‐temperature electrochemical stability of the composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) while maintaining ionic conductivity. Research has demonstrated that when the EMAA content is 40 wt.%, the resulting CPE‐40EMAA exhibit high ionic conductivity (4.07 × 10−4 S cm−1), a high lithium‐ion transference number (0.564), a broad electrochemical stability window (5.1 V), and excellent high‐temperature lithium metal cycling stability (stable cycling for 800 h at current density of 0.1 mA cm−2), which sufficiently meets the electrochemical performance requirements for ASSPEs in high‐temperature energy storage batteries.
Solar collector inspired by the polar bear: Fluorescent‐reinforcing photothermal conversion efficiency
Authors: Peng Hao‐Kai , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Zhao Hong‐Yan , Wang Xiao‐Meng , Li Ting‐Ting , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe crucial point of solar thermal utilization makes solar heat collector gathering much attention. In this study, imitating polar bears' fur structure, fluorescent materials are modified into a solar heat collector, and the photothermal conversion is evaluated to examine the influence of polyvinyl alcohol concentration, fluorescent luminescence type and fluorescence concentration. The test results indicate that fluorescent materials that has a greater Stokes shift show the greater photothermal effect. Moreover, when composed of a PVA concentration being 5.0% and a fluorescent concentration being 0.50%, the composites exhibit the maximal photothermal conversion temperature (99.4°C) that is 17.9% higher than that of the solar heat collectors without fluorescent materials. This study proposes creating solar heat collector with modified fluorescent materials, and the new perspective of which demonstrates that the composites have a great potential and application prospect in the solar photothermal field.
The consequences of calcium: investigating intracortical reproductive signals in the American alligator for sex determination
Authors: Heck Christian T. , Woodward Holly N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdentifying sex in extinct archosaurs has proven difficult due, in part, to low sample sizes, preservation biases, and methodology. While previous studies have largely focused on morphological traits, here we investigate intracortical signals of egg‐shelling in extant alligators. Egg‐shelling requires large mobilizations of calcium reserves. Aves utilize medullary tissue as a calcium reserve, whereas crocodylians mobilize calcium from cortical bone or osteoderms. If crocodylians derive calcium from bone cortices for egg‐shelling, then egg‐shelling events should be detectable in female crocodylian cortical bone. We examined mid‐diaphyseal Alligator mississippiensis femoral bone cross‐sections for signals of reproduction. Compaction and area of resorbed tissue were measured in femoral cross‐sections from captive raised male (n = 10) and female (n = 29) A. mississippiensis of 26–27 years at age of death. This sample is more robust than previous studies, though reproductive history data is unknown. Femora from a small sample of wild caught male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) A. mississippiensis were also measured. Data were analyzed by pairwise t‐tests between sex and captivity status. There was no significant difference in either compaction or resorbed tissue values between male and female alligators, regardless of habitat (wild or captive‐raised). A reproductive signal was undetectable in this study and any quantifiable differences between sexes appears to be driven by size dimorphism. Cortical resorption rates in the femora of male and female alligators are reflective of normal aging processes and not indicative of egg‐shelling during reproduction. Examination of younger alligators would clarify processes driving bone turnover during reproductively active years.
Phosphorous – Containing Activated Carbon Derived From Natural Honeydew Peel Powers Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Minakshi Manickam , Samayamanthry Achini , Whale Jonathan , Aughterson Rob , Shinde Pragati A. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Kumar Shrestha Lok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe introduction of phosphorous (P), and oxygen (O) heteroatoms in the natural honeydew chemical structure is one of the most effective, and practical approaches to synthesizing activated carbon for possible high‐performance energy storage applications. The performance metrics of supercapacitors depend on surface functional groups and high‐surface‐area electrodes that can play a dominant role in areas that require high‐power applications. Here, we report a phosphorous and oxygen co‐doped honeydew peel‐derived activated carbon (HDP‐AC) electrode with low surface area for supercapacitor via H3PO4 activation. This activator forms phosphorylation with cellulose fibers in the HDP. The formation of heteroatoms stabilizes the cellulose structure by preventing the formation of levoglucosan (C6H10O5), a cellulose combustion product, which would otherwise offer a pathway for a substantial degradation of cellulose into volatile products. Therefore, heteroatom doping has proved effective, in improving the electrochemical properties of AC‐based electrodes for supercapacitors. The specific capacitance of HDP‐AC exhibits greatly improved performance with increasing carbon‐to‐H3PO4 ratio, especially in energy density and power density. The improved performance is attributed to the high phosphorous doping with a hierarchical porous structure, which enables the transportation of ions at higher current rates. The high specific capacitance of 486, and 478 F/g at 0.6, and 1.3 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte with a prominent retention of 98.5 % is observed for 2 M H3PO4 having an impregnation ratio of 1 : 4. The higher yield of HDP‐AC could only be obtained at an activation temperature of 500 °C with an optimized amount of H3PO4 ratio. The findings suggest that the concentration of heteroatoms as surface functional groups in the synthesized HDP‐AC depends on the chosen biomass precursor and the processing conditions. This work opens new avenues for utilizing biomass‐derived materials in energy storage, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in addressing environmental challenges and advancing toward a greener future.
Choroid plexus volumes and auditory verbal learning scores are associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pearson Michael J. , Wagstaff Ruth , Williams Rebecca J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeMild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where appropriate intervention might prevent or delay conversion to AD. Given this, there has been increasing interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing to predict conversion from MCI to AD. Recent evidence suggests that the choroid plexus (ChP), neural substrates implicated in brain clearance, undergo volumetric changes in MCI and AD. Whether the ChP is involved in memory changes observed in MCI and can be used to predict conversion from MCI to AD has not been explored.MethodThe current study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to investigate whether later progression from MCI to AD (progressive MCI [pMCI], n = 115) or stable MCI (sMCI, n = 338) was associated with memory scores using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and ChP volumes as calculated from MRI. Classification analyses identifying pMCI or sMCI group membership were performed to compare the predictive ability of the RAVLT and ChP volumes.FindingThe results indicated a significant difference between pMCI and sMCI groups for right ChP volume, with the pMCI group showing significantly larger right ChP volume (p = .01, 95% confidence interval [−.116, −.015]). A significant linear relationship between the RAVLT scores and right ChP volume was found across all participants, but not for the two groups separately. Classification analyses showed that a combination of left ChP volume and auditory verbal learning scores resulted in the most accurate classification performance, with group membership accurately predicted for 72% of the testing data.ConclusionThese results suggest that volumetric ChP changes appear to occur before the onset of AD and might provide value in predicting conversion from MCI to AD.
Catalytic Appel Reaction Accessing the Mesoporous Substructure of a Robust and Heterogeneous Polyphosphamide
Authors: Mahata Anup , Kumari Nidhi , Chakraborty Biswarup 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolyphosphamides are normally good flame retardants. Herein a mesoporous polyphosphamide (p‐PPA) with an accessible average pore diameter of <10 nm and a surface area of 1.773 m2/g has been synthesized via condensation of 1,3‐diamino benzene (DAB) and phenyl phosphinic dichloride (PPDC). 31P, 13C CP‐MAS solid‐state NMR, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) characterizations confirm the presence of ‐{PV(O)‐NH}‐ in the repeating unit of the p‐PPA that is further used as a catalytic mediator to perform the Appel reaction i. e., conversion of alcohols to halides with a broad substrate scope and high TON (561). The heterogeneity of p‐PPA allows easy recovery of organic halides and recycling of the catalyst many times. Mesoporous p‐PPA has further given a scope to perform shape‐selective conversion of primary alcohols with linear alkyl chain (1‐dodecanol) while a low conversion for the bulky secondary (cyclo‐hexanol) and tertiary alcohol (tert‐butanol) is observed. Perhaps, the phosphamide units present inside the porous channel are non‐preferable sites for bulkier alcohols, as evident from the competitive experiments. A comparatively less catalytic conversion obtained with an analogous non‐porous n‐PPA, made of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) linker, highlights the role of porosity in p‐PPA to enhance the accessibility of numerous ‐{PV(O)‐NH}‐ reactive units to increase the TON.
Functional Linkers Support Targeting of Multivalent Tweezers to Taspase1
Authors: Hommel Katrin , Kauth Alisa‐Maite A. , Kirupakaran Abbna , Theisen Sebastian , Hayduk Matthias , Niemeyer Felix C. , Beuck Christine , Zadmard Reza , Bayer Peter , Jan Ravoo Bart , Voskuhl Jens , Schrader Thomas , Knauer Shirley K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTaspase 1 is a unique protease not only pivotal for embryonic development but also implicated in leukemias and solid tumors. As such, this enzyme is a promising while still challenging therapeutic target, and with its protein structure featuring a flexible loop preceding the active site a versatile model system for drug development. Supramolecular ligands provide a promising complementary approach to traditional small‐molecule inhibitors. Recently, the multivalent arrangement of molecular tweezers allowed the successful targeting of Taspase 1’s surface loop. With this study we now want to take the next logic step und utilize functional linker systems that not only allow the implementation of novel properties but also engage in protein surface binding. Consequently, we chose two different linker types differing from the original divalent assembly: a backbone with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties to enable monitoring of binding and a calix[4]arene scaffold initially pre‐positioning the supramolecular binding units. With a series of four AIE‐equipped ligands with stepwise increased valency we demonstrated that the functionalized AIE linkers approach ligand binding affinities in the nanomolar range and allow efficient proteolytic inhibition of Taspase 1. Moreover, implementation of the calix[4]arene backbone further enhanced the ligands’ inhibitory potential, pointing to a specific linker contribution.