bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia diagnosis and osteoporosis treatment propensity: A population‐based nested case–control study
Authors: Knopp‐Sihota Jennifer A , Cummings Greta G , Newburn‐Cook Christine V , Homik Joanne , Voaklander Don 
Published: August 2013

AimIncreasing age and a diagnosis of dementia both dramatically increase the risk of serious osteoporosis‐related sequela. We sought to examine the factors associated with osteoporosis treatment, in relation to dementia diagnosis, in older adults with osteoporosis.MethodsThis was a population‐based, retrospective, nested, case–control study utilizing administrative healthcare data fromBritishColumbia,Canada.Community‐based individuals aged ≥65 years with an osteoporosis diagnosis and continuous enrolment in the provinces' drug plan between 1991 and 2007 were eligible for inclusion. A multivariate logistic regression model was assembled to examine the relationship between dementia diagnosis, age, sex, other comorbidity, residence and osteoporosis medication dispensation.ResultsAlmost half of the total osteoporosis cohort (n = 39 452) were dispensed an osteoporosis medication during the study period. Individuals with no dementia diagnosis were dispensed a medication significantly more often than those with a diagnosis of dementia (P < 0.001). Those patients with dementia (n = 13 315), who had been dispensed an osteoporosis drug, were more often younger, female, had not sustained a previous fracture, had ≥ 4 comorbid conditions and lived in the most central health region (P < 0.001). A diagnosis of dementia was found to be a significant negative predictor of osteoporosis drug dispensation (adjustedOR0.55; 95%CI0.44–0.69). Increasing comorbidity was significantly associated with receiving treatment (adjustedOR3.30; 95%CI2.88–3.78).ConclusionDespite the wide availability of osteoporosis medications, our findings suggest that many older adults with a diagnosis of dementia, but not necessarily fewer comorbid conditions, were not receiving treatment.GeriatrGerontol Int 2014; 14: 121–129.
Neighborhood attributes security and solidarity promote the well‐being of community‐dwelling older people in the Netherlands
Authors: Cramm Jane M , Nieboer Anna P 
Published: August 2013

AimTo determine whether the neighborhood attributes solidarity and security positively affect the well‐being of community‐dwelling older people in the Netherlands after accounting for individual characteristics, and to test if a higher level of security in combination with a stronger sense of neighborhood solidarity results in a higher level of well‐being.MethodsThe study sample for the cross‐sectional study consisted of 869 out of 2212 (39% response rate) independently‐living older adults (aged >70 years) in 92 neighborhoods of Rotterdam. We fitted a hierarchical random‐effects model to account for the structure of the study design: 869 older people (level 1) nested in 92 neighborhoods (level 2) in 10 districts (level 3).ResultsNeighborhood security and solidarity among neighbors varied significantly among the 10 districts. Univariate analyses showed that education, income, neighborhood security and solidarity within neighborhoods (all P ≤ 0.001) were significantly related to the well‐being of community‐dwelling older people. Multilevel analyses showed neighborhood security and solidarity within neighborhoods predicted the well‐being of community‐dwelling older people. Furthermore, a positive interaction effect was found between neighborhood security and solidarity within neighborhoods, and well‐being of community‐dwelling older people.ConclusionsNeighborhood security and solidarity among neighbors are important for the well‐being of community‐dwelling older people. Furthermore, neighborhoods with high levels of perceived security in combination with stronger solidarity among neighbors are especially beneficial to the well‐being of community‐dwelling older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 681–688.
Use of thromboelastography and thrombin generation assay to predict clinical phenotype in patients with severe FVII deficiency
Authors: Tran H. T. T. , Tjønnfjord G. E , Holme P. A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBleeding tendency is weakly correlated with the activity of factor VII (FVII) in the plasma of patients with FVII deficiency. A laboratory method for predicting bleeding risk in patients with this coagulation disorder is lacking. We investigated whether global coagulation assays, specifically thromboelastography (TEG) and thrombin generation assay (TGA), could be used to predict bleeding risk. We also sought to identify factors that may explain the differences in bleeding phenotype observed among individuals with severe FVII deficiency. The study comprised 12 patients with severe FVII deficiency (FVII activity <1%). Eleven patients were homozygous for the Gln100Arg mutation and one patient was compound heterozygous. Clinically, 10 patients had increased haemorrhagic diathesis, whereas two patients were asymptomatic. Blood sampling was performed at baseline for TEG and TGA analyses. The platelet aggregation assay was performed and the plasma level of anticoagulation inhibitors and thrombophilic risk factors assessed. No difference in the TEG and TGA results was observed in all FVII‐deficient individuals. The level of free tissue factor pathway inhibitor was within the normal range and similar in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. None of the participants had the FV Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, or abnormal anticoagulant inhibitor levels. Asymptomatic subjects showed normal platelet aggregation. These data suggested that TEG and TGA were not suitable methods for predicting the clinical phenotype in FVII‐deficient subjects.
Determination of phosphorylated proteins in tissue specimens requires high‐quality samples collected under stringent conditions
Authors: Wolf Corinna , Jarutat Tiantom , Vega Harring Suzana , Haupt Kristin , Babitzki Galina , Bader Sabine , David Kerstin , Juhl Hartmut , Arbogast Susanne 
Published: August 2013

AimsFor selection of patients who will benefit from targeted therapies, identification of biomarkers predictive of treatment response is desirable. Activation of the targeted pathway becomes apparent by protein phosphorylation. Determination of this phenomenon is therefore considered a promising biomarker approach. To date, however, it is unclear whether routinely collected tissue specimens allow determination of in‐vivo phosphorylation states.Methods and resultsTo investigate whether routinely collected tissue specimens retain the true phosphorylation states of a tumour's proteins, we compared protein phosphorylation states between matched tumour samples that were subjected to different ischaemic times by immunohistochemistry. The influence of formalin fixation and paraffin‐embedding on phosphorylation states was investigated by comparison of matched fresh frozen and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded surgical specimens as well as small biopsies. We show that ischaemia influences protein phosphorylation in a tumour‐specific, unpredictable manner. Formalin fixation and paraffin‐embedding lead to a decrease in detectable protein phosphorylation in larger surgical specimens, but not in small biopsies.ConclusionsDetermination of protein phosphorylation using routinely collected surgical specimens results in artefacts which do not reflect a tumour's true states of pathway activation. Valid measurement of phosphorylated biomarkers requires that tissue collection procedures are tightly controlled, avoiding ischaemia and large‐specimen fixation.
The efficacy of chlorhexidine dentifrice or gel on plaque, clinical parameters of gingival inflammation and tooth discoloration: a systematic review
Authors: Slot DE , Berchier CE , Addy M , Van der Velden U , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimBased on the existing scientific literature, the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) dentifrice/gel as compared to a regular or placebo dentifrice/gel is established in healthy adults on the primary outcome parameters of plaque and gingivitis scores. As secondary parameter, tooth surface discoloration was evaluated as a side effect.Materials and methodsMEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to July 2013 to identify eligible studies. Included were (randomized) controlled clinical trials, regarding self‐performed brushing by adults without periodontitis with a minimum duration of 4 weeks.ResultsIndependent screening of 389 unique titles and abstracts resulted in 16 comparisons. Of these, nine evaluated CHX dentifrice (0.4–1.0%) and 7 CHX gel (0.2–2.0%). It was not possible to perform a meta‐analysis; therefore, a descriptive analysis was carried out. Regarding plaque score reduction, the majority of the experiments using a CHX dentifrice provided a significant positive effect. All studies assessing gingival bleeding as parameter for gingivitis observed a significant reduction in favour of CHX dentifrice over placebo dentifrice. Tooth surface discoloration was more pronounced with CHX dentifrice. The combined data concerning parameters of interest for CHX gel compared with a placebo did not show a trend towards a beneficial effect on plaque and bleeding scores.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this analysis, it may be concluded that toothbrushing with a CHX gel does not provide conclusive evidence. Brushing with a CHX dentifrice can be effective with regard to the control of plaque and gingivitis. Tooth surface discoloration was observed as side effect, which potentially can have a negative impact on patients' compliance.
Student nurses' attitudes towards professional containment methods used in psychiatric wards and perceptions of aggression
Authors: Özcan Neslihan Keser , Bilgin Hülya , Badırgalı Boyacıoğlu Nur Elçin , Kaya Fadime 
Published: August 2013

The aim of this study was to determine student nurses' attitudes towards professional containment methods used in psychiatric wards and its relation to their perception of aggression.We employed a cross‐sectional descriptive design to evaluate nurses' attitudes. Participants included 120 student nurses who were enrolled in psychiatric nursing during their fourth (final) year of education. The ‘Attitude to Containment Measures Questionnaire’ and ‘The Perception of Aggression Scale’ were used for assessments.Student nurses exhibited positive attitudes toward ‘intermittent observation’, ‘Pro re nata Medication’ and ‘Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit’, respectively. The least approved method was ‘net bed’. The data showed a negative correlation between approval of ‘Intra‐Muscular Medication’ and ‘mechanical restraint’ with the perception that aggression was dysfunctional/unacceptable. Student nurses who believed that professional containment methods were effective also perceived aggression as less functional/acceptable. These results emphasize the importance of health care perceptions of aggression towards patients and their experience with containment measures.
Different methods of hilar clamping during partial nephrectomy: Impact on renal function
Authors: Lee Jeong Woo , Kim Hwanik , Choo Minsoo , Park Yong Hyun , Ku Ja Hyeon , Kim Hyeon Hoe , Kwak Cheol 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of different hilar clamping methods on changes in renal function after partial nephrectomy.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of 369 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy for a single renal tumor of size ≤4.0 cm and a normal contralateral kidney. Patients were separated into three groups depending on hilar clamping method: non‐clamping, cold ischemia and warm ischemia. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was examined at preoperative, nadir and 1 year postoperatively. Percent change in estimated glomerular filtration rate was used as the parameter to assess the renal functional outcome.ResultsPercent change in nadir estimated glomerular filtration rate in the non‐clamping group was significantly less compared with the cold ischemia and warm ischemia groups (P < 0.001). However, no significant differences among the groups were noted in percent change of estimated glomerular filtration rate at 1 year (P = 0.348). The cold ischemia group had a similar serial change of postoperative renal function compared with the warm ischemia group. Percent change in 1‐year estimated glomerular filtration rate increased with increasing ischemia time in the cold ischemia (P for trend = 0.073) and warm ischemia groups (P for trend = 0.010). On multivariate analysis, hilar clamping (both warm ischemia and cold ischemia) were significantly associated with percent change in nadir estimated glomerular filtration rate, but not in 1‐year estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsNon‐clamping partial nephrectomy results in a lower percent change in nadir estimated glomerular filtration rate, whereas it carries an estimated glomerular filtration rate change at 1 year that is similar to partial nephrectomy with cold ischemia and warm ischemia. Cold ischemia and warm ischemia provide a similar effect on renal function. Therefore, when hilar clamping is required, minimization of ischemia time is necessary.
Alcohol abuse in developed and developing countries in the World Mental Health Surveys: Socially defined consequences or psychiatric disorder?
Authors: Glantz Meyer D. , Medina‐Mora Maria Elena , Petukhova Maria , Andrade Laura Helena , Anthony James C. , de Girolamo Giovanni , de Graaf Ron , Degenhardt Louisa , Demyttenaere Koen , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep Maria , Horiguchi Itsuko , Karam Elie G. , Kostyuchenko Stanislav , Lee Sing , Lépine Jean‐Pierre , Matschinger Herbert , Neumark Yehuda , Posada‐Villa Jose , Sagar Rajesh , Stein Dan J. , Tomov Toma , Wells J. Elisabeth , Chatterji Somnath , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundPrevious single country research has raised concerns that: (1) the DSM‐IV diagnosis of alcohol abuse (AA) is met primarily through the hazardous use criterion related to drinking and driving and (2) that the hazardous use and social consequences AA criteria primarily reflect varying socioeconomic and cultural factors rather than psychiatric disorder.MethodsUsing representative cross‐national data from the 21 countries in the World Mental Health surveys, adults meeting DSM‐IV lifetime criteria for AA but not dependence from 10 developed (n = 46,071) and 11 developing (n = 49,761) countries were assessed as meeting AA with the hazardous use or the social consequences criteria.ResultsBetween 29.3% (developed) and 16.2% (developing) of respondents with AA met only the hazardous use criterion. AA cases with and without hazardous use were similar in age‐of‐onset, course, predictors, and psychopathological consequences in both developed and developing countries.Discussion and ConclusionsDespite some associations of the AA criteria with socioeconomic factors, the hazardous use and social consequences criteria were significantly associated with psychiatric predictors and sequelae. The findings indicate that these criteria reflect psychiatric disorder and are appropriate for inclusion as DSM‐5 Alcohol Use Disorder criteria.Scientific SignificanceThese findings support a psychiatric rather than a sociocultural view of the hazardous use and social consequences symptoms and provide evidence that they are appropriate diagnostic criteria cross‐nationally with utility in a wide range of socioeconomic environments. This suggests consideration for their adoption by ICD‐11. Further research is needed on the implications of these results for prevention and treatment. (Am J Addict 2014;23:145–155)
Pricing Standardized Mortality Securitizations: A Two‐Population Model With Transitory Jump Effects
Authors: Zhou Rui , Li Johnny Siu‐Hang , Tan Ken Seng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMortality dynamics are subject to jumps that are due to events such as wars and pandemics. Such jumps can have a significant impact on prices of securities that are designed for hedging catastrophic mortality risk, and therefore should be taken into account in modeling. Although several single‐population mortality models with jump effects have been developed, they are not adequate for modeling trades in which the hedger's population is different from the population associated with the security being traded. In this article, we first develop a two‐population mortality model with transitory jump effects, and then we use the proposed model and an economic‐pricing framework to examine how mortality jumps may affect the supply and demand of mortality‐linked securities.
The explanatory power of biogeographical patterns: a reply to de Bruynet al
Authors: Parenti Lynne R. , Ebach Malte C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConfusion between evidence and hypothesis in biogeographical studies was the focus of our recent Guest Editorial (Parenti & Ebach, 2013,Journal of Biogeography,40, 813–820). That editorial was critiqued by de Bruynet al. (2013,Journal of Biogeography, doi: 10.1111/jbi.12166) to whom we reply briefly here. Despite our shared goals – to understand what lives where and why – we argue from different philosophical premises. Although we may have little common ground, such debate encourages the good health of the field of biogeography.
High density of tryptase‐positive mast cells in human colorectal cancer: a poor prognostic factor related to protease‐activated receptor 2 expression
Authors: Malfettone Andrea , Silvestris Nicola , Saponaro Concetta , Ranieri Girolamo , Russo Antonio , Caruso Stefano , Popescu Ondina , Simone Giovanni , Paradiso Angelo , Mangia Anita 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTryptase(+) mast cells (MCs), abundant in the invasive front of tumours, contribute to tissue remodelling. Indeed, protease‐activated receptor‐2 (PAR‐2) activation by MC‐tryptase is considered an oncogenic event in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, we have suggested NHERF1 as a potential new marker in CRC. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution of tryptase(+) MCs and PAR‐2 and to examine the relationship between PAR‐2 and NHERF1, investigating their reputed usefulness as tumour markers. We studied a cohort of 115 CRC specimens including primary cancer (C) and adjacent normal mucosa (NM) by immunohistochemical double staining, analyzing the protein expression of MC‐tryptase, PAR‐2 and cytoplasmic NHERF1. MC density was higher in NM than in C. Tumours with high TNM stage and poor grade showed the highest MC density. A higher PAR‐2 immunoreactivity characterized tumours most infiltrated by MCs compared with samples with low MC density. Furthermore, PAR‐2 overexpression was associated with advanced TNM stage, poor grade and lymphovascular invasion (LVI). A positive correlation existed between tryptase(+) MC density and PAR‐2 expression. Cytoplasmic NHERF1 was higher in C than in NM and overexpressing tumours resulted associated with nodal and distant metastases, poor grade and LVI. PAR‐2 correlated with cytoplasmic NHERF1 and the PAR‐2(+)/cytoplasmic NHERF1(+) expression immunophenotype identified tumours associated with unfavourable prognosis and aggressive clinical parameters. Our data indicate that the high density of tryptase(+) MCs at invasive margins of tumours was associated with advanced stages of CRC and was strongly correlated with PAR‐2 expression.
Assessment of vibratory sensation with a tuning fork at different sites in Japanese patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Fujiwara Yuko , Sakamoto Fumie , Katakami Naoto , Matsuoka Taka‐aki , Kaneto Hideaki , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe current study compared the vibratory sensations at different sites, using a retrospective database of 547 Japanese diabetic patients. The vibratory sensation was assessed with a 128‐Hz tuning fork at the medial malleolus, the great toe and the fifth toe. The vibratory sensations at different sites were significantly associated with one another (all P < 0.01). The vibratory sensation at one site corresponding to 10 s at another site was calculated to be 9–11 s. Although the vibratory sensations at the three sites had different associations with the pressure sensation and the ankle reflex, they showed similar C‐statistics for the impaired pressure sensation and the disappeared ankle reflex. In conclusion, the vibratory sensations at different sites were strongly associated with one another. They would be clinically acceptable alternatives to one another in the assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Role of insulin receptor substrate‐1 for diethylnitrosamine plus high‐fat diet‐induced hepatic tumorigenesis in mice
Authors: Zolzaya Khadbaatar , Nakamura Akinobu , Tajima Kazuki , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe investigated the role of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)‐1 for diethylnitrosamine (DEN) plus high‐fat (HF) diet‐induced hepatic tumorigenesis in mice. We gave DEN by intraperitoneal injection at the dose of 80 mg/kg to 18‐week‐old wild‐type (WT) and Irs1‐knockout (Irs1−/−) mice, which were fed a HF diet from 8 weeks‐of‐age until they were killed (52 weeks). The Irs1−/− mice showed significantly lower plasma alanine aminotransferase levels, triglyceride contents in the liver and also lower expression levels of the genes encoding inflammatory cytokines than the WT mice. The incidence of DEN plus HF diet‐induced hepatic tumors was 71.4% in the WT mice, whereas it was just 14.3% in the Irs1−/− mice. The present study showed that Irs1 played an important role in DEN plus HF diet‐induced hepatic tumorigenesis.
Nectar sugar composition of European Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) in relation to flower length, pollination biology and phylogeny
Authors: Witt T. , Jürgens A. , Gottsberger G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFloral nectar composition has been explained as an adaptation to factors that are either directly or indirectly related to pollinator attraction. However, it is often unclear whether the sugar composition is a direct adaptation to pollinator preferences. Firstly, the lower osmolality of sucrose solutions means that they evaporate more rapidly than hexose solutions, which might be one reason why sucrose‐rich nectar is typically found in flowers with long tubes (adapted to long‐tongued pollinators), where it is better protected from evaporation than in open or short‐tubed flowers. Secondly, it can be assumed that temperature‐dependent evaporation is generally lower during the night than during the day so that selection pressure to secrete nectar with high osmolality (i.e. hexose‐rich solutions) is relaxed for night‐active flowers pollinated at night. Thirdly, the breeding system may affect selection pressure on nectar traits; that is, for pollinator‐independent, self‐pollinated plants, a lower selective pressure on nectar traits can be assumed, leading to a higher variability of nectar sugar composition independent of pollinator preferences, nectar accessibility and nectar protection. To analyse the relations between flower tube length, day vs. night pollination and self‐pollination, the nectar sugar composition was investigated in 78 European Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) with different pollination modes (diurnal, nocturnal, self‐pollination) using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All Caryophylleae species (Dianthus and relatives) were found to have nectar with more than 50% sucrose, whereas the sugar composition of Sileneae species (Silene and relatives) ranged from 0% to 98.2%. In the genus Silene, a clear dichotomous distribution of sucrose‐ and hexose‐dominant nectars is evident. We found a positive correlation between the flower tube length and sucrose content in Caryophylloideae, particularly in day‐flowering species, using both conventional analyses and phylogenetically independent contrasts.