bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New ultrahigh‐resolution picture of Earth's gravity field
Authors: Hirt Christian , Claessens Sten , Fecher Thomas , Kuhn Michael , Pail Roland , Rexer Moritz 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe provide an unprecedented ultrahigh resolution picture of Earth's gravity over all continents and numerous islands within ±60° latitude. This is achieved through augmentation of new satellite and terrestrial gravity with topography data and use of massive parallel computation techniques, delivering local detail at ~200 m spatial resolution. As such, our work is the first‐of‐its‐kind to model gravity at unprecedented fine scales yet with near‐global coverage. The new picture of Earth's gravity encompasses a suite of gridded estimates of gravity accelerations, radial and horizontal field components, and quasi‐geoid heights at over 3 billion points covering 80% of Earth's land masses. We identify new candidate locations of extreme gravity signals, suggesting that the Committee on Data for Science and Technology standard for peak‐to‐peak variations in free‐fall gravity is too low by about 40%. The new models are beneficial for a wide range of scientific and engineering applications and freely available to the public.
GETTING STUCK IN THE BLUES: PERSISTENCE OF MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Roy John , Schurer Stefanie 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDo episodes of mental health (MH) problems cause future MH problems, and if yes, how strong are these dynamics? We quantify the degree of persistence in MH problems using nationally representative, longitudinal data from Australia and system generalized method of moments (GMM), and correlated random effects approaches are applied to separate true from spurious state dependence. Our results suggest only a moderate degree of persistence in MH problems when assuming that persistence is constant across the MH distribution once individual‐specific heterogeneity is accounted for. However, individuals who fell once below a threshold that indicates an episode of depression are up to five times more likely to experience such a low score again a year later, indicating a strong element of state dependence in depression. Low income is a strong risk factor in state dependence for both men and women, which has important policy implications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective deficit in spatial memory strategies contrast to intact response strategies in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders tested in a virtual navigation task
Authors: Wilkins Leanne K. , Girard Todd A. , Konishi Kyoko , King Matthew , Herdman Katherine A. , King Jelena , Christensen Bruce , Bohbot Veronique D. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTSpatial memory is impaired among persons with schizophrenia (SCZ). However, different strategies may be used to solve most spatial memory and navigation tasks. This study investigated the hypothesis that participants with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders (SSD) would demonstrate differential impairment during acquisition and retrieval of target locations when using a hippocampal‐dependent spatial strategy, but not a response strategy, which is more associated with caudate function. Healthy control (CON) and SSD participants were tested using the 4‐on‐8 virtual maze (4/8VM), a virtual navigation task designed to differentiate between participants' use of spatial and response strategies. Consistent with our predictions, SSD participants demonstrated a differential deficit such that those who navigated using a spatial strategy made more errors and took longer to locate targets. In contrast, SSD participants who spontaneously used a response strategy performed as well as CON participants. The differential pattern of spatial‐memory impairment in SSD provides only indirect support for underlying hippocampal dysfunction. These findings emphasize the importance of considering individual strategies when investigating SSD‐related memory and navigation performance. Future cognitive intervention protocols may harness SSD participants' intact ability to navigate using a response strategy and/or train the deficient ability to navigate using a spatial strategy to improve navigation and memory abilities in participants with SSD. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Monospiro‐2‐amino‐4H‐pyran Derivatives Catalyzed by Propane‐1‐sulfonic Acid‐Modified Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles
Authors: Jalili‐Baleh Leili , Mohammadi Narges , Khoobi Mehdi , Ma'mani Leila , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVarious monospiro‐2‐amino‐4H‐pyran derivatives have been synthesized in high yields (via three‐component coupling of ninhydrin or different isatins with malononitrile and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds) in the presence of catalytic amount of propane‐1‐sulfonic acid‐modified magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in H2O. Due to easy magnetic removal of nanocatalyst and applying of H2O as solvent, this protocol enhanced product purity, and promised economic as well as environmental benefits, exemplifying a waste‐free chemistry. More importantly, the catalyst could be easily recycled for more than five times without loss of activity.
Synthetic Studies Toward (+)‐Spongidepsin
Authors: Venkateswar Reddy Guvvala , Satish Chandra Kumar Rotte , Shankaraiah Gundeti , Suresh Babu Katragadda , Madhusudana Rao Janaswamy 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA convergent enantiomerically controlled synthetic effort toward (+)‐spongidepsin is reported. The synthesis benefits from the use of readily available and inexpensive starting materials like D‐mannitol and (−)‐β‐citronellene. Key transformations include Evans asymmetric methylation, Mitsunobu esterification, (1H‐benzotriazol‐1‐yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP)‐mediated amide formation for the preparation of a fully functionalized acyclic precursor, and ring‐closing metathesis (RCM).
First Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Oplopandiol
Authors: Kumar Bejjanki Naveen , Venkatesham Akkaladevi , Balraju Kammari , Nagaiah Kommu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe first stereoselective synthesis of the naturally occurring conjugated diyne oplopandiol is reported. The pivotal functionalities are derived from CadiotsChodkiewicz cross‐coupling reaction, OhiraBestmann alkynation, asymmetric Noyori reduction, and cis‐olefination reaction
A Transformation of N‐Alkylated Anilines to N‐Aryloxamates
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐He , Zhang Xin , Xin Hong‐Xing , Yan Hong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTransformation of N‐alkylated anilines to N‐aryloxamates was studied using ethyl 2‐diazoacetoacetate as an alkylating agent and dirhodium tetraacetate (Rh2(OAc)4) as the catalyst. The general applicability of the reaction as a synthetic method for N‐aryloxamates was studied with a number of substituted N‐alkylated anilines. The results revealed that the oxamate was formed by a radical reaction with molecular O2 and Rh2(OAc)4 as initiator.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Oxathiino[2,3‐b]quinoxalines or ‐pyrazines from 2,3‐Dichloroquinoxaline or ‐pyrazine and 1‐Aryl‐2‐bromoalkan‐1‐ones
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Konishi Natsuki , Suzuki Teruhiko , Nakagawa Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot synthesis of novel heterocyclic derivatives, 2‐aryl‐1,4‐oxathiino[2,3‐b]quinoxalines or ‐pyrazines 5, via the reaction of 2,3‐dichloroquinoxaline or ‐pyrazine with Na2S⋅9 H2O, and subsequent treatment of the resulting 2‐chloro‐3‐sodiosulfanylquinoxaline or ‐pyrazine 2 with 1‐aryl‐2‐bromo‐1‐alkanones and then NaH under mild conditions is described.
Reactions of Acid Chlorides/Ketenes with 2‐Substituted 4,5‐Dihydro‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1,3‐thiazoles: Formation of Penam Derivatives
Authors: Shi Junxing , Linden Anthony , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAddition reactions of acid chlorides with various 2‐substituted 4,5‐dihydro‐4,4‐dimethyl‐5‐(methylsulfanyl)‐1,3‐thiazoles under basic conditions were studied. Two kinds of products were obtained from these additions, β‐lactams and non‐β‐lactam adducts. When the reaction was carried out with 4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazoles with a Ph substituent at C(2), the reaction proceeded via formal [2+2] cycloaddition and led to the correspoding β‐lactam. On the other hand, acid chlorides and 4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazoles bearing an α‐H‐atom at the C(2)‐substituent underwent C(α)‐ and/or N‐addition reactions and furnished non‐β‐lactam adducts, i.e., C(α)‐ and/or N‐acylated 1,3‐thiazolidines. The attempted transformations of sulfonyl esters of exo‐6‐hydroxy penams to endo‐6‐azido penams failed, although they were successful with mono‐β‐lactams under the same conditions.
Rainfall–runoff model parameter estimation and uncertainty evaluation on small plots
Authors: Kim Keewook , Whelan Gene , Purucker S. Thomas , Bohrmann Thomas F. , Cyterski Michael J. , Molina Marirosa , Gu Yin , Pachepsky Yakov , Guber Andrey , Franklin Dorcas H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFour seasonal rainfall simulations in 2009 and 2010 were applied to a field containing 36 plots (0.75 × 2 m each), resulting in 144 runoff events. In all simulations, a constant rate of rainfall was applied then halted 60 min after initiation of runoff, with plot‐scale monitoring of runoff every 5 min during that period. Runoff was simulated with the Kinematic Runoff and Erosion/Simulator of Transport with Infiltration and Runoff (KINEROS2/STWIR) field‐scale model, whose hydrodynamics are based on the kinematic wave equation. Because of the non‐linear nature of the model and a highly parameterized model with respect to the available data, several approaches were investigated to upscale nine runoff‐related parameters from a series of small monitored plots to the field scale. Inverse modeling was performed using the model‐independent Parameter ESTimation (PEST) algorithm to individually calibrate the nine KINEROS2/STWIR parameters on 36 plots. The parameters were averaged, and bootstrapping was used to assess uncertainty of the parameters via estimation of confidence intervals (CI). A Monte Carlo simulation using the bootstrap results showed reasonable field‐scale representation of flow rates. Median values of calibrated parameters were within the 95% CI obtained with bootstrapping. The simulated results for the median values associated with the 90% CI flow rates produced similar trends as those exhibited with the observed data, suggesting that median values of the calibrated parameters from the PEST inverse modeling could be used to represent the field scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application and evaluation of a snowmelt runoff model in the Tamor River basin, Eastern Himalaya using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) data assimilation approach
Authors: Panday Prajjwal K. , Williams Christopher A. , Frey Karen E. , Brown Molly E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have drawn attention to substantial hydrological changes taking place in mountainous watersheds where hydrology is dominated by cryospheric processes. Modelling is an important tool for understanding these changes but is particularly challenging in mountainous terrain owing to scarcity of ground observations and uncertainty of model parameters across space and time. This study utilizes a Markov Chain Monte Carlo data assimilation approach to examine and evaluate the performance of a conceptual, degree‐day snowmelt runoff model applied in the Tamor River basin in the eastern Nepalese Himalaya. The snowmelt runoff model is calibrated using daily streamflow from 2002 to 2006 with fairly high accuracy (average Nash–Sutcliffe metric ~0.84, annual volume bias < 3%). The Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach constrains the parameters to which the model is most sensitive (e.g. lapse rate and recession coefficient) and maximizes model fit and performance. Model simulated streamflow using an interpolated precipitation data set decreases the fractional contribution from rainfall compared with simulations using observed station precipitation. The average snowmelt contribution to total runoff in the Tamor River basin for the 2002–2006 period is estimated to be 29.7 ± 2.9% (which includes 4.2 ± 0.9% from snowfall that promptly melts), whereas 70.3 ± 2.6% is attributed to contributions from rainfall. On average, the elevation zone in the 4000–5500 m range contributes the most to basin runoff, averaging 56.9 ± 3.6% of all snowmelt input and 28.9 ± 1.1% of all rainfall input to runoff. Model simulated streamflow using an interpolated precipitation data set decreases the fractional contribution from rainfall versus snowmelt compared with simulations using observed station precipitation. Model experiments indicate that the hydrograph itself does not constrain estimates of snowmelt versus rainfall contributions to total outflow but that this derives from the degree‐day melting model. Lastly, we demonstrate that the data assimilation approach is useful for quantifying and reducing uncertainty related to model parameters and thus provides uncertainty bounds on snowmelt and rainfall contributions in such mountainous watersheds. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The usefulness of outcrop analogue air permeameter measurements for analyzing aquifer heterogeneity: quantifying outcrop hydraulic conductivity and its spatial variability
Authors: Rogiers Bart , Beerten Koen , Smeekens Tuur , Mallants Dirk , Gedeon Matej , Huysmans Marijke , Batelaan Okke , Dassargues Alain 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) is one of the most important parameters determining groundwater flow and contaminant transport in both unsaturated and saturated porous media. Although several well‐established laboratory methods exist for determining K, in situ measurements of this parameter remain very complex and scale dependent. Often, the limited accessibility of subsurface sediments for sampling means an additional impediment to our ability to quantify subsurface K heterogeneity. One potential solution is the use of outcrops as analogues for subsurface sediments.This paper investigates the use of air permeameter measurements on outcrops of unconsolidated sediments to quantify K and its spatial heterogeneity on a broad range of sediment types. The Neogene aquifer in northern Belgium is used as a case study for this purpose. To characterize the variability in K, 511 small‐scale air permeability measurements were performed on outcrop sediments representative over five of the aquifer's lithostratigraphic units. From these measurements, outcrop‐scale equivalent K tensors were calculated using numerical upscaling techniques. Validation of the air permeameter‐based K values by comparison with laboratory constant head K measurements reveals a correlation of 0.93. Overall, the results indicate that hand‐held air permeameters are very efficient and accurate tools to characterize saturated K, as well as its small‐scale variability and anisotropy on a broad range of unconsolidated sediments. The studied outcrops further provided a qualitative understanding of aquifer hydrostratigraphy and quantitative estimates about K variability at the centimetre‐scale to metre‐scale. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil C and N response to changes in winter precipitation in a subalpine forest ecosystem, NW Italy
Authors: Viglietti Davide , Freppaz Michele , Filippa Gianluca , Zanini Ermanno 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAmong the potential effects of climate change on subalpine forest ecosystems during the winter season, the shift in snowline towards higher altitudes and the increase in frequency of rain events on the snowpack are of particular interest. Here, we present the results of a 2‐year field experiment conducted in a forest stand (Larix decidua) in NW Italy at 2020 m a.s.l. From 2009 to 2011, we monitored soil physical characteristics (temperature and moisture), and soil and soil solution chemistry, in particular carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) forms and their change in time, as affected by simulated late snowpack accumulation and rain on snow events. Late snowpack accumulation determined a stronger effect on soil thermal and moisture regimes than rain on snow events. Also soil chemistry was significantly affected by late snowfall simulation. Although microbial biomass C and N were not reduced by soil freezing, soil contents of the more labile dissolved organic carbon and inorganic N increased when the soil was affected by mild/hard freezing. Variations in the soil solution were shifted with respect to those observed in soil, with an increase in N‐NO3− concentrations occurring during spring and summer. This study highlights the potential N loss in subalpine soils under changing environmental conditions driven by a changing climate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BENEFITS IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOODWATER UTILIZATION IN BAICHENG REGION, NORTH‐EASTERN CHINA
Authors: Lü Subing , Wang Wenchuan , Xu Shiguo 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe utilization of small and medium magnitudes of floodwater has remarkable benefits when the supply of conventional water is scarce relative to demand. Conceptually correct and empirically accurate estimates of the benefits of floodwater utilization are essential for rational replenishment of scarce water in the fields of agriculture, industry, households, recreation and so on. This article raises several issues that should be considered in deriving sound evaluation of benefits of floodwater utilization. These include: (i) identifying and defining benefit categories according to flood loss analysis; (ii) establishing a universal benefits indices system and choosing the variable fuzzy pattern recognition model to evaluate the system; (iii) illustrating the benefits of floodwater utilization based on the floodwater utilization practices in the Baicheng Region of northeastern China. An integrated floodwater utilization benefits research framework suggests that a combination of direct economic benefit, eco‐environmental benefit and social benefit can provide complementary insights into sustainable water utilization. Evaluation of the comprehensive benefits of floodwater resources enables decision makers to make more informed choices on floodwater use safely and allocated soundly, in which the full extent of growing demands for these uses is seen in the face of increased scarcity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells enhances PC3 cell lymphatic metastasis accompanied by VEGFR‐3/CCR7 activation
Authors: Huang Xin , Su Kunkai , Zhou Limin , Shen Guofang , Dong Qi , Lou Yijia , Zheng Shu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in bone marrow may enhance tumor metastases through the secretion of chemokines. MSCs have been reported to home toward the hypoxic tumor microenvironment in vivo. In this study, we investigated prostate cancer PC3 cell behavior under the influence of hypoxia preconditioned MSCs and explored the related mechanism of prostate cancer lymphatic metastases in mice. Transwell assays revealed that VEGF‐C receptor, VEGFR‐3, as well as chemokine CCL21 receptor, CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), were responsible for the migration of PC3 cells toward hypoxia preconditioned MSCs. Knock‐in Ccr7 in PC3 cells also improved cell migration in vitro. Furthermore, when PC3 cells were labeled using the hrGfp‐lentiviral vector, and were combined with hypoxia preconditioned MSCs for xenografting, it resulted in an enhancement of lymph node metastases accompanied by up‐regulation of VEGFR‐3 and CCR7 in primary tumors. Both PI3K/Akt/IκBα and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways were activated in xenografts in the presence of hypoxia‐preconditioned MSCs. Unexpectedly, the p‐VEGFR‐2/VEGFR‐2 ratio was attenuated accompanied by decreased JAK1 expression, indicating a switching‐off of potential vascular signal within xenografts in the presence of hypoxia‐preconditioned MSCs. Unlike results from other studies, VEGF‐C maintained a stable expression in both conditions, which indicated that hypoxia preconditioning of MSCs did not influence VEGF‐C secretion. Our results provide the new insights into the functional molecular events and signalings influencing prostate tumor metastases, suggesting a hopeful diagnosis and treatment in new approaches. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2834–2841, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The balance mediated by miRNAs and the heme oxygenase 1 feedback loop contributes to biological effects
Authors: Ma Ning , Xiang Ying , Zhang Yanfen , Zhao Xia , Zhou Lingyun , Gao Xu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTHeme oxygenase‐1 (HMOX1) is a ubiquitously expressed inducible enzyme that degrades heme to carbon monoxide, biliverdin, and free iron ions. Since 1950, many studies have revealed the role of HMOX1 in reducing the impact of oxidative stress in many types of diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, heart disease, and the development of tumors. These effects arise as a result of the removal of heme, the biological activities of the products of HMOX1 and the activity of HMOX1 itself. However, HMOX1 has some contradictory effects. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their relationship with HMOX1 has provided a new direction for research in this field. Here, we discuss the role of a potential regulatory feedback loop between HMOX1 and miRNAs in pathological processes based on recently published data. We hope to describe a new mechanism for HMOX1 function based on miRNAs to address the contradictory results reported in the literature. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2637–2642, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
FBP1 and p27kip1 Expression After Sciatic Nerve Injury: Implications for Schwann Cells Proliferation and Differentiation
Authors: Yao Li , Cao Jianhua , Sun Huiqing , Guo Aisong , Li Aihong , Ben Zhiyun , Zhang Haiyan , Wang Xinxiu , Ding Zongmei , Yang Xiaojing , Huang Xianting , Ji Yuhong , Zhou Zhengming 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFar Upstream Element (FUSE) Binding Protein 1 (FBP1), first identified as a single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein that binds to the FUSE, could modulate c‐myc mRNA levels and also has been shown to regulate tumor cell proliferation and replication of virus. Typically, FBP1 could active the translation of p27kip1 (p27) and participate in tumor growth. However, the expression and roles of FBP1 in peripheral system lesions and repair are still unknown. In our study, we found that FBP1 protein levels was relatively higher in the normal sciatic nerves, significantly decreased and reached a minimal level at Day 3, and then returned to the normal level at 4 weeks. Spatially, we observed that FBP1 had a major colocation in Schwann cells and FBP1 was connected with Ki‐67 and Oct‐6. In vitro, we detected the decreased level of FBP1 and p27 in the TNF‐α‐induced Schwann cells proliferation model, while increased expression in cAMP‐induced Schwann cells differentiation system. Specially, FBP1‐specific siRNA‐transfected SCs did not show fine and longer morphological change after cAMP treatment and had a decreased motility compared with normal. At 3 days after cAMP treatment and SC/neuron co‐cultures, p27 was transported to cytoplasm to form CDK4/6‐p27 to participate in SCs differentiation. In conclusion, we speculated that FBP1 and p27 were involved in SCs proliferation and the following differentiation in the sciatic nerve after crush by transporting p27 from nucleus to cytoplasm. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 130–140, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.