bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct determination of enantiomeric enrichment of chiral, underivatized aminophosphonic acids — useful for enantioselective bioconversion results evaluation
Authors: Kozyra Kinga , Klimek-Ochab Magdalena , Brzezińska-Rodak Małgorzata , Żymańczyk-Duda Ewa 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract The possibility of applying 31P NMR spectroscopy for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of the racemic mixture of non-derivatized aminophosphonic acids with small side chains has been investigated. It is proven, that the effectiveness of the application of a chiral solvating agent strongly depends on the concentration of applied shift reagent and on the pH of the particular experiment. Effectual resolution protocols are elaborated for following phosphonic acids: 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid, 1-amino-2-methylpropanephosphonic acid, 1-aminophenylmethanephosphonic acid, 1-aminophenylmethane-phosphonic acid and 1-amino-2-phenylethanephosphonic acid. Graphical abstract
Characterization of polymeric system for cisplatin delivery — analytical methods for Pt determination
Authors: Stoyanova Ekaterina , Karadjova Irina , Karadjov Methody , Koseva Neli 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) was immobilized in a star-shaped polymer carrier. In order to define whether this polymer could be used as a drug delivery system for cisplatin, its characteristics, e.g. loading efficiency and release profile of cisplatin from the polymer in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), have to be assessed, and hence an appropriate analytical procedure for precise and reliable determination of Pt(II) must be established. Optimal instrumental parameters for Pt measurement by commonly used atomic spectrometric methods ETAAS and ICP-OES in various examined media were defined. Matrix interferences observed that were related to both techniques were evaluated, and analytical figures of merit were compared and critically discussed. Graphical abstract
Characterization of Slovenian coal and estimation of coal heating value based on proximate analysis using regression and artificial neural networks
Authors: Kavšek Darja , Bednárová Adriána , Biro Miša , Kranvogl Roman , Vončina Darinka , Beinrohr Ernest 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract Chemical composition of Slovenian coal has been characterised in terms of proximate and ultimate analyses and the relations among the chemical descriptors and the higher heating value (HHV) examined using correlation analysis and multivariate data analysis methods. The proximate analysis descriptors were used to predict HHV using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. An attempt has been made to select the model with the optimal number of predictor variables. According to the adjusted multiple coefficient of determination in the MLR model, and alternatively, according to sensitivity analysis in ANN developing, two descriptors were evaluated by both methods as optimal predictors: fixed carbon and volatile matter. The performances of MLR and ANN when modelling HHV were comparable; the mean relative difference between the actual and calculated HHV values in the training data was 1.11% for MLR and 0.91% for ANN. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated by an external validation data set; the mean relative difference between the actual and predicted HHV values was 1.39% in MLR and 1.47% in ANN. Thus, the developed models could be appropriately used to calculate HHV. Graphical abstract
Spatial variations in the distribution of trace ionic impurities in the water-steam cycle in a thermal power plant based on a multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Živojinović Dragana , Rajaković-Ognjanović Vladana , Onjia Antonije , Rajaković Ljubinka 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Abstract In this study, a multivariate statistical approach was used to identify the key variables responsible for process water quality in a power plant. The ion species that could cause corrosion in one of the major thermal power plants (TPP) in Serbia were monitored. A suppressed ion chromatographic (IC) method for the determination of the target anions and cations at trace levels was applied. In addition, some metals important for corrosion, i.e., copper and iron, were also analysed by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric (GFAAS) method. The control parameters, i.e., pH, dissolved oxygen and silica, were measured on-line. The analysis of a series of representative samples from the TPP Nikola Tesla, collected in different plant operation modes, was performed. Every day laboratory and on-line analysis provides a large number of data in relation to the quality of water in the water-steam cycle (WSC) which should be evaluated and processed. The goal of this investigation was to apply multivariate statistical techniques and choose the most applicable technique for this case. Factor analysis (FA), especially principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were investigated. These methods were applied for the evaluation of the spatial/temporal variations of process water and for the estimation of 13 quality parameters which were monitored at 11 locations in the WSC in different working conditions during a twelve month period. It was concluded that PCA was the most useful method for identifying functional relations between the elements. After data reduction, four main factors controlling the variability were identified. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied for sample differentiation according to the sample location and working mode of the TPP. On the basis of this research, the new design of an optimal monitoring strategy for future analysis was proposed with a reduced number of measured parameters and with reduced frequency of their measurements. Graphical abstract
Epidemiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and its risk of causing spinal cord injury: a national cohort study
Authors: Wu Jau-Ching , Ko Chin-Chu , Yen Yu-Shu , Huang Wen-Cheng , Chen Yu-Chun , Liu Laura , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Lo Su-Shun , Cheng Henrich 
Published: July 2013

Object
This study aimed to determine the age- and sex-specific incidence of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and its associated risk of causing subsequent spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods
Using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), a 12-year nationwide database in Taiwan, this retrospective cohort study analyzed the incidence of hospitalization caused by CSM. All patients diagnosed with and admitted for CSM were identified during the study period. The CSM patients were divided into 2 groups, a control group and an operated group. An incidence density method was used to estimate age- and sex-specific incidence rates of CSM. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of SCI between the 2 groups.

Results
From 1998 to 2009, covering 349.5 million person-years, 14,140 patients were hospitalized for CSM. The overall incidence of CSM-related hospitalization was 4.04 per 100,000 person-years. Specifically, males and older persons had a higher incidence rate of CSM. During the follow-up of these patients for 13,461 person-years, a total of 166 patients were diagnosed with SCI. The incidence of SCI was higher in the control group than the operated group (13.9 vs 9.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively). During the follow-up, SCI was more likely to occur in CSM patients who were treated conservatively (crude HR 1.48, p = 0.023; adjusted HR 1.57, p = 0.011) than in those who underwent surgery for CSM.

Conclusions
In a national cohort of eastern Asia, the incidence of CSM-caused hospitalization was 4.04 per 100,000 person-years, with higher incidences observed in older and male patients. Subsequent SCI was more likely to develop in patients who received nonoperative management than in those who underwent surgery. Therefore, patients with CSM managed without surgery should be cautioned about SCI. However, further investigations are still required to clarify the risks and complications associated with surgery for CSM.
Vases à parfum de la fin de l'époque classique mis au jour à Apollonia de Cyrénaïque : les analyses de contenus
Authors: Maffre Jean-Jacques , Frère Dominique , Garnier Nicolas , Dodinet Elisabeth 
Published: June 2013

Les analyses chimiques de contenus organiques ne sont pas encore systématiques, mais sont de plus en plus sollicitées dans le cadre de problématiques liées aux activités de production, de transformation de matières premières, aux méthodes et pratiques de stockage, de transport, de conservation, de consommation, et aux rituels d’offrandes faites aux divinités et aux défunts. Une campagne de prélèvements a eu lieu à Apollonia de Cyrénaïque en 2008 dans le cadre de la Mission archéologique française en Libye, alors dirigée par André Laronde. Un peu plus d’une douzaine de vases à parfum de la fin de l’époque classique et du début de l’époque hellénistique ont été sélectionnés afin de procéder à l’analyse chimique de leurs contenus organiques. Cet article présente les résultats de ces analyses et leurs interprétations botaniques et archéologiques. Il en ressort que les contenus des vases en céramique se différencient de ceux en albâtre et sont composés de substances grasses aromatiques à dimension cosmétique et médicinale, avec des matériaux d’origine végétale mais aussi animale.
Les sens de la représentation politique : usages et mésusages d'une notion
Authors: Sintomer Yves 
Published: June 2013

Résumé Contre la tentation de proposer une définition de l’essence de la représentation, il s’agit de dégager différentes notions en partant des mots utilisés par les acteurs et en les soumettant à un processus d’abstraction. La prise de distance avec la trompeuse familiarité du mot, appuyée sur les travaux historiens, vise en retour à donner des instruments pour penser les transformations du présent au-delà de la représentation-mandat. Quatre couples conceptuels sont ainsi proposés : représentation symbolique vs. représentation juridico-politique, présentification d’un absent vs. exhibition d’une présence, représentation- mandat vs. représentation-incarnation, et représentation-distinction vs. représentation descriptive. Ils renvoient à des logiques idéal-typiques qu’il convient de distinguer analytiquement, même si elles peuvent et doivent être articulées pour comprendre les événements ou les dispositifs concrets.
Les Noirs doivent-ils être représentés par des Noirs et les femmes par des femmes ?
Authors: Mansbridge Jane Jebb , Saint-Upéry Marc 
Published: June 2013

Résumé Les groupes désavantagés peuvent tirer bénéfice de la représentation descriptive dans au moins quatre contextes. Dans les contextes de méfiance discriminatoire à l’encontre d’un groupe et de faible cristallisation de ses intérêts, la compétence expérientielle et communicationnelle supérieure des représentants de type descriptif ouvre la voie à une meilleure représentation substantielle des intérêts dudit groupe en améliorant la qualité de la délibération. Dans les contextes de subordination politique historique et de faible légitimité empirique, la représentation descriptive contribue à engendrer une perception sociale de « compétence politique » du groupe et renforce l’attachement de ses membres au système politique et à ses institutions. Bien que la mise en oeuvre de la représentation descriptive implique des coûts sur le plan d’autres valeurs, ces externalités négatives s’avèrent toutefois plus acceptable dans ces contextes historiques spécifiques.
Démocratie radicale et tirage au sort
Authors: Cervera-Marzal Manuel , Dubigeon Yohan 
Published: June 2013

Résumé Longtemps ignoré par la science politique, le tirage au sort revient depuis quelques années sur le devant de la scène, apportant de ce fait un éclairage nouveau à la question démocratique. Il était traditionnellement admis, depuis Aristote et Montesquieu, que le tirage au sort comme méthode de désignation des représentants possédait des effets démocratiques et anti-oligarchiques. Pourtant, le regain d’intérêt des élites politiques et de certains théoriciens du gouvernement représentatif pour le tirage au sort, ainsi que sa récente utilisation expérimentale à Porto Alegre ou en Colombie britannique, ne constituent-ils pas un démenti factuel à la thèse aristotélo-montesquienne d’une antinomie fondamentale entre tirage au sort et libéralisme ? Tout en s’écartant de l’hypothèse essentialiste d’une nature du tirage au sort, cet article prend le contrepied d’un certain discours libéral qui, insistant exagérément sur la vertu neutralisantedu sort, en vient à occulter sa vertu égalitaire, sa portée subversive et son lien avec l’idée de démocratie radicale. L’hypothèse d’un tirage au sort libéral est mise à mal par les approches historiques, sociologiques et philosophiques du sujet.
Effects of Hot Spots Policing on Crime
Authors: Braga Anthony A. 
Published: July 2013

This Campbell systematic review synthesizes the existing published and non‐published empirical evidence on the effects of focused police crime prevention interventions at high‐activity crime places and will provide a systematic assessment of the preventive value of focused police crime prevention efforts at crime hot spots. The review also examined whether focused police actions at specific locations result in crime displacement.Studies that used randomized controlled experimental or quasi‐experimental designs were selected. Nine eligible studies were included in this review.The results of this systematic review support the assertion that focusing police efforts at high activity crime places can be effective in preventing crime. Whatever the impact, we need to know more about the effects of hot spots policing approaches on the communities that the police serve.
In Opstanding met verheerlikte liggame in Matteus 27:51 b-53? In Noukeurige lees van die teks
Authors: Botha S. P. 
Published: June 2013

A glorified bodily resurrection in Matthew 27:51b-53? A close reading of the text. Matthew 27:51 b-53 is a crux interpretum in the exegesis of the Matthew text. By comparing the semantic domains of lexical items and by determining the subtle distinctions between closely related words, the article takes a close look at the reading of this text. The text is interpreted within its narrative context against the background of the apostolic preaching tradition. Following these exegetical lines, the article makes the point that the resurrection of the saints in Matthew 27:51b-53 is to be understood as a glorified bodily resurrection.
'Worden als een kind'. Als welk kind?
Authors: Van der Meulen Harry 
Published: June 2013

'Becoming like a child'. Like what child?. 'Becoming like a child' is an idea often expressed in the New Testament in connection with the following of Jesus. However, the meaning of this phrase is not so clear. It has' to be understood in its cultural context. The author seeks to clarify that cultural context by discussing the culture-related views of childhood in biblical - especially New Testament -times as these are refelcted in biblical, Qumran and early rabbinic literature.
Onbeantwoorde vrae in die wetenskap: Laat ons die studente en jong navorsers daarmee uitdaag
Authors: Smit P. 
Published: June 2013

The university - an institution of hope. The university is a institution of hope where the foundations are laid for a better future. This derives from the search for solutions in every sphere of scientific study. Sometimes students and young researchers are concerned that the most interesting scientific questions have already been answered. But clearly even a fraction of the unanswered questions in science pose incredible challenges to researchers and students in every field of scientific endeavour. Apart from the global challenges presented by science, South Africa must be one of the most interesting laboratories on earth. The critical ability to put the right questions to science through dedication and hard work is indeed the key to all research and education.
Die invloed van In eie werklikheidsverstaan op die verstaan van die opstandingsgebeure: In Vergelykende studie
Authors: Steenekamp Nicolaas J.S. , Koekemoer J. H. 
Published: June 2013

Worldview and resurrection: A comparative study. This article deals with the relationship between a theologian's world view and his or her view of the resurrection of Christ. The theologies of Barth, Bultmann, Pannenberg and Moltmann are compared. Their views on Scripture and revelation are compared to discover the influence of historical criticism on their different views. These views are studied to see how they contribute to clarifing their respective positions on the resurrection of Christ.
Sosiale geregtigheid by die profeet Amos: Die landsbelofte as vertrekpunt
Authors: Strydom J. G. 
Published: June 2013

The prophet Amos and social justice: The land promise as point of departure. In a previous article the author discussed the issue of social justice in the prophetic books, with special emphasis on the role played by the land promise. In that article he has concentrated on the prophet Micah and come to the conclusion that the land promise, together with its conditions and requirements, formed the basis of Micah's social criticism. In this article he takes the matter further to determine whether this is also true of the prophet Amos. His basic conclusion is that this is indeed the case. Amos also relies heavily on the land promise as the basis for his criticism of the many social injustices of his day. Even matters which at first seem to have no bearing on land and land ownership are indeed closely connected to elements of the land promise.
Evangeliserende gemeente: n Leefwyse? n Besinning oor missionere gerigtheid as aspek van gemeentewees
Authors: Swanepoel P. C. , Van der Merwe P. J. 
Published: June 2013

Evangelising community: A life style?. The church finds itself in a crisis. The essence of this crisis manifests itself in the fact that the church has forgotten its vocation to be an evangelising church. There are, however, a multitude of factors which hamper the church in the fulfillment of its mission. This crisis, however, need not paralyse the church, but should be seen as a challenge for the community of Christ to become an evangelising community.
Probleme de ' Apostelkonzils' (Gal 2, 1-10)
Authors: Schmithals Walter 
Published: June 2013

Issues regarding the 'Jerusalem Council' (G12:1-10). The purpose of this article is to focus attention on the emphasis Paul gives to his report on the Jerusalem Council relative to the framework of the Letter to the Galatians. In this way, a more accurate evaluation of the events in Jerusalem may be reached. Schmithals rejects the view that what was at stake was a demand for the circumcision of Gentile Christians. The agenda for the Jerusalem Council was determined by Paul, who got his way by means of the cooperation of the congregation in Jerusalem. In terms of a division in work responsibilities, Paul would go to the Gentiles in order to establish Gentile-Christian congregations, whiie Peter would, in a parallel mission, concentrate on establishing and ensuring the survival of Jewish-Christian congregations. The Jewish-Christian congregations would continue paying the temple tax, while this arrangement would not apply to the Gentile-Christian congregations. The leaders of the congregation in Jerusalem expected nothing more from Paul. In tum, Paul undertook to ensure that his congregations would support financially the Jewish-Christian congregation in Jerusalem.
The Evolution of the Pauline Canon
Authors: Price Robert M. 
Published: June 2013

The article aims at reviewing theories of how the Pauline Corpus first came to be. A taxonomy consisting of four families of theories is established: Paul himself collected his writings; after his death Paul lived forth in the form of a collection of his writings; an intercourse between one Pauline center and another gradually led to the exchange of copies of letters; the collection of Paul's letters gave him pothumously a centrality which he lacked in his own time until about 90 C E. The article concludes with the disputed question whether all of Paul's writings in the New Testament descend or diverge from a particular, definitive edition of the Pauline Corpus.
The early Latin Church Fathers on Herod and the Infanticide
Authors: Mans M. J. 
Published: June 2013

Since the views of the early Latin Church Fathers on Herod and the carnage at Bethlehem have been neglected by modem scholars, this study is an attempt to discover and interpret their opinions on the notorious king and this tragic event. Apparently, the main aim of the Latin Church Fathers was to present Herod's heinous deed in the worst possible light, and to exalt the Innocents to the ranks of the martyrs.
The First Testament in the Gospel of Matthew 1
Authors: Van Aarde Andries 
Published: June 2013

Matthew is to be read as a narration with an ongoing plot and an open end. There is a correlation between the (post-paschal) Jesus' commission and the risen Jesus' presence in his disciples' (post-paschal) commission until the parousia. This insight amounts to the fact that the plot of Matthew is continuing after its apparent conclusion, only to be resolved in its implied continuation. The intention of the paper is to describe, against the background of the debate among Matthean scholars, the function of the use of the First Testament in the light of the above-mentioned two sequences. The term 'First Testament' in this instance is not restricted to the Hebrew canon but also includes some pseudepi-grapha which were not considered as 'outside a canon' either by the synagogue or the church, for example 1 Enoch, 2 Baruch, The lives of the prophets and Pseudo-Philo.
Die Lukaanse Jesusbeeld: In dialoog met Wilhelm Bousset se 'Kyrios Christos'
Authors: Van Zyl Sanrie , Van Aarde Andries 
Published: June 2013

The Lucan image of Jesus: In dialogue with Wilhelm Bousset's 'Kyrios Christos'. Wilhelm Bpusset poses in his epoch-making work tKyrios Christos: Geschichte des Christusglaubens von den Anftingen des Christentums bis Irenaeus' the question of the context and reference of the title 'Kyrios Christos'. He concludes that this title reflects the Luke-Acts image of Jesus, originating from a pagan Hellenistic background. This paper follows the argument of Bousset concerning the titles 'Christos' and tKyrios' and examines co"ectiorzs given on his views. From this evaluation the conclusion is drawn that the Christology of Luke-Acts should be viewed as originating in the Antiochian Christian community, and thus against a Israelite-Hellenistic background. Jesus is represented as the risen Lord, the Messiah ruling his church. However, this conclusion doesn't account for Luke-Acts as a narrative, nor does it reflect an intensive study of the social and cultural world of the text. Therefore the possibilities of using a social-scientific as well as an "atological approach in dealing with the title 'Kyrios Christ os ' will be explored.
Inviting and Hosting a Stranger in the Experiences of the Faith Communities: An Experiment in Constructing an Ethical-Poetical Christology
Authors: Veldsman Daniel P. 
Published: June 2013

The numerous 'faces of Christ' in Africa, as well as those resulting from historical study in the West, call for a rereading of the event of Jesus. From the inquiry into the origin of the numerous faces, and the biblical evidence for the 'process and purpose of naming God' which are textually introduced by Exodus 3 and again taken up by the 'ego eimi' sayings of Jesus, it is suggested that the event of rereading is to be seen as an integral-incarnatory socio-historic dynamic. This dynamic is theologically understood and construed in an ethical-poetical Christology which will function within comtemporary contexts as an invitation of Christ into the experiences of the faith communities.