bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mothers with intellectual disabilities: interactions with children and family services in Ireland
Authors: Sheerin Fintan K. , Keenan Paul M. , Lawler Denise 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summary

This article is about women with intellectual disability who have children.

The article tells the stories of four women with intellectual disabilities in Ireland who have children. It also explains how hard it was at times for them to work with Child and Family Services.

Many mothers with intellectual disabilities want to keep their babies.

Women with intellectual disabilities who are mothers should be provided with proper support to help them care for their children.

SummaryTraditionally, women with intellectual disabilities have faced challenges in accessing effective public health services and social service provision during pregnancy and early motherhood. The authors report on the experiences of four women with intellectual disabilities in their interactions with childcare services in the Republic of Ireland. They discuss the women's feelings of isolation, fears of losing their children and the disempowering effects of inadequate, ubiquitous responses adopted by many professionals and services. This study recommends a person‐centred, rights‐based approach to meeting the needs of these women.
Irish attitudes to sexual relationships and people with intellectual disability
Authors: McConkey Roy , Leavey Gerry 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summary

A national survey of over 1000 people took place in Ireland in 2001, 2006 and again in 2011.

In 2011, half the people in the survey thought that people with intellectual disability or autism had the right to sexual relationships.

In 2011, one‐third agreed that people with intellectual disability or autism should have children if they wished.

People's attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities were similar to their attitudes towards people with mental illness.

More people in the survey agreed that people with physical or sensory disabilities had the right to have sexual relationships and have children compared with people with intellectual disability.

People in the survey were more likely to agree with the right to sexual relationships for people with intellectual disabilities if they:

○ lived outside of Dublin;
○ were single;
○ had more people in their own social networks;
○ were comfortable living near people with intellectual disability.

People need to know more about what people with intellectual disabilities hope for from relationships.

People need to know more about the supports that are in place:

○ to help people with intellectual disabilities make choices about sexual relationships
○ to protect people with intellectual disabilities against abuse.

SummaryLimited progress has been made in supporting people with intellectual disabilities to form intimate relationships. A critical factor that has been rarely researched is the attitude of the general public which likely has a significant influence on public policy on this issue. Unique to Ireland, are the five‐yearly national surveys commissioned by the National Disability Authority that recruit representative samples of over 1000 adult persons. On three occasions in the past 10 years, respondents were asked to rate their agreement that people with various disabilities and with mental health difficulties had the right to fulfilment through sexual relationships and to have children if they wished. Secondary analysis of the 2011 data set identified those persons who were more likely to be in agreement and also the concerns raised by respondents. The findings are discussed in relation to priorities for future research and actions needed to reduce the stigma associated with disability or mental ill health.
The role of ‘natural supports’ in promoting independent living for people with disabilities; a review of existing literature
Authors: Duggan Carmel , Linehan Christine 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summaryThis paper is a summary of research on the support people with disabilities get from their friends and family. The research is mostly about people with intellectual disabilities, but there is also some research on people with other disabilities. The main findings in the research are as follows:

People with intellectual disabilities have small groups of supporters. These supporters are family, friends with intellectual disability and people who work in services.

People with disabilities say that services could provide more support for making and keeping friends.

There are projects that have helped people with disabilities make friends and be a part of their community. More research is needed on these projects.

Policy makers, services and other people who deliver services should put more efforts into supporting people with disabilities to make friends in their community.

SummaryThe purpose of this review was to identify the available evidence base on role of natural supports in promoting independent living for people with disabilities. A search of peer‐reviewed literature identified 30 core papers and 16 contextual papers which addressed issues relating to natural supports and their role in facilitating independent living. The papers reveal that the evidence base is limited and focuses heavily on the social networks of people with intellectual disabilities, which typically comprise family, other people with disabilities using services and staff members. People with disabilities themselves call for greater support in establishing and maintaining social relationships in the community. Some initiatives such as peer‐based support and befriending schemes are reviewed, mindful that few have been formally evaluated. The issue for policy makers is whether, following decades of deinstitutionalisation, efforts to physically locate people with disabilities within their local communities have come at the price of social inclusion.
‘Happy and a bit Nervous’: the experiences of children with autism in physical education
Authors: Healy Seán , Msetfi Rachel , Gallagher Stephen 
Published: August 2013

Accessible summary

Twelve children with autistic disorder (aged 9–13 years) talked about their time in physical education.

The children spoke about good and bad experiences they had in physical education.

Most of the children found some activities hard to do and felt left out at times.

They enjoyed spending time with other children and making friends.

SummaryTwelve students with autistic disorder participated in interviews to reveal their perspective of physical education. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to provide a comprehensive account of the data. Three key themes emerged, each a compilation of a set of subthemes. The first theme, individual challenges, was comprised of physical ability, sensory challenges and a fear of injury. The second theme, peer interactions, encapsulated subthemes of initiation of friendship, camaraderie, social comparison and bullying. The final theme that emerged from the data was exclusion, which attends to children's experiences of being excluded by the teacher or as a result of activities being too difficult. Most notably, however, this theme relates to children requesting to be excluded. These findings are discussed in relation to research on the perspectives of students with and without disabilities. Considerations for future research are also provided.
Special Irish Issue of British Journal of Learning Disabilities
Authors: Salmon Nancy , Iriarte Edurne García 
Published: August 2013

Accessible Summary

This is the second time that the British Journal of Learning Disabilities is publishing a special issue focused in Ireland. Intellectual Disability Studies at University of Limerick (IDS@UL), the National Institute for Intellectual Disability, the Inclusive Research Network and the Centre for Disability Law and Policy have worked together on this special issue.

We present recent work about intellectual disability done in the Republic of Ireland focused on four important topics:

○ Rights

○ Professional work and services

○ Health and well‐being

○ Inclusive research

Many people wrote pieces for this issue:

○ People with intellectual disabilities created poems and shared their experiences in interviews.

○ Academics sent in research papers about rights, relationships, support, sexuality.

○ Professionals wrote about their work in education, health and services.

○ Students reviewed two books about people with intellectual disability.

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is central to all of the work in this issue.

We encourage readers to think about how the Convention can be used to improve policies and support services that affect the lives of people with intellectual disabilities.
Forkhead box protein C2 contributes to invasion and metastasis of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, resulting in a poor prognosis
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Suzuki Hideki , Yokobori Takehiko , Altan Bolag , Kubo Norio , Araki Kenichiro , Wada Satoshi , Mochida Yasushi , Sasaki Shigeru , Kashiwabara Kenji , Hosouchi Yasuo , Kuwano Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2013

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) is a cancer with a poor prognosis, and the postoperative survival of patients depends on the existence of invasion and metastasis. The epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important step in EHCC invasion and metastasis. Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) is a transcription factor that has been reported to induce the EMT. Therefore we examined the correlation between FOXC2 expression and clinical pathological factors, and analysed the function of FOXC2. The expression of FOXC2 in 77 EHCC cases was investigated by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between FOXC2 expression and clinicopathological factor was assessed. Knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) was performed to determine the roles of FOXC2 in EHCC cell line. FOXC2 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0205). Patients in the high FOXC2 expression group had a poorer prognosis than the patients in the low FOXC2 expression group. Moreover, FOXC2 knockdown inhibited cell motility and invasion, and decreased the expression of EMT markers (N‐cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ‐2) and Angiopietin‐2 (Ang‐2). The EMT inducer FOXC2 contributes to a poor prognosis and cancer progression. FOXC2 may be a promising molecular target for regulating EHCC metastasis.
The effect of low‐level laser on bone healing in critical size defects treated with or without autogenous bone graft: an experimental study in rat calvaria
Authors: de Almeida Ana L. P. F. , Medeiros Isabella L. , Cunha Mércia J. S. , Sbrana Michyele C. , de Oliveira Paula G. F. P. , Esper Luis A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low‐level laser (LLL) on bone healing process in surgically created critical size defects in rat calvaria treated with or without autogenous bone graft (AB).Material and methodsThe study was conducted on 40 male rats (Rattusnorvegicus, albinus, Wistar), weighing 250–300 g. For accomplishment of the experimental procedures, the rats were anesthetized with an intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.02 ml/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (0.4 ml/kg). Acritical size defect with 5‐mm diameter was created. The animals were divided into four groups: Group C (Control‐ filled with blood clot), Group LLL, Group AB (autogenous bone graft), Group AB + LLL (autogenous bone graft and LLL). The animals treated with LLL received applications of LLL at the infrared spectrum wavelength (λ = 810 nm) and energy density of 6 J/cm2 per point, 60 s per point, adding up to five points on the entire created defect. The animals were euthanized at 30 days postoperatively. After decalcification, each specimen was longitudinally divided into two blocks, exactly along the center of the original surgical defect, processed and embedded in paraffin. Longitudinal serial sections with 6‐μm thickness were made, initiating from the center of the original surgical defect. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for light microscopy analysis for histomorphometric analysis.ResultsGroup C presented smaller quantity of new bone formation than Groups LLL (P < 0.01), AB (P < 0.01), and AB + LLL (P < 0.01).ConclusionsUtilization of LLL favored the healing process in rat calvaria. The quantity of new bone formation with use of the LLL was similar to the autogenous bone graft.
A 24‐Week, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Rivastigmine Patch 13.3 mg/24 h Versus 4.6 mg/24 h in Severe Alzheimer's Dementia
Authors: Farlow Martin R. , Grossberg George T. , Sadowsky Carl H. , Meng Xiangyi , Somogyi Monique 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAimsThe 24‐week, prospective, randomized, double‐blind ACTION study investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 13.3 versus 4.6 mg/24 h rivastigmine patch in patients with severe Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPatients had probable AD and Mini–Mental State Examination scores ≥3–≤12. Primary outcome measures were as follows: Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) and AD Cooperative Study–Activities of Daily Living scale–Severe Impairment Version (ADCS‐ADL‐SIV). Secondary outcomes were as follows: ADCS‐Clinical Global Impression of Change (ADCS‐CGIC), 12‐item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI‐12), and safety/tolerability.ResultsOf 1014 patients screened, 716 were randomized to 13.3 mg/24 h (N = 356) or 4.6 mg/24 h (N = 360) patch. Baseline characteristics/demographics were comparable. Completion rates were as follows: 64.3% (N = 229) with 13.3 mg/24 h and 65.0% (N = 234) with 4.6 mg/24 h patch. The 13.3 mg/24 h patch was significantly superior to 4.6 mg/24 h patch on cognition (SIB) and function (ADCS‐ADL‐SIV) at Week 16 (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.049, respectively) and 24 (primary endpoint; P < 0.0001 and P = 0.025). Significant between‐group differences (Week 24) were observed on the ADCS‐CGIC (P = 0.0023), not NPI‐12 (P = 0.1437). A similar proportion of the 13.3 mg/24 h and 4.6 mg/24 h patch groups reported adverse events (AEs; 74.6% and 73.3%, respectively) and serious AEs (14.9% and 13.6%).ConclusionsThe 13.3 mg/24 h patch demonstrated superior efficacy to 4.6 mg/24 h patch on SIB and ADCS‐ADL‐SIV, without marked increase in AEs, suggesting higher‐dose patch has a favorable benefit‐to‐risk profile in severe AD.
Successful conversion to belatacept after thrombotic microangiopathy in kidney transplant patients
Authors: Koppula Sireesha , Yost Sarah E. , Sussman Amy , Bracamonte Erika R. , Kaplan Bruce 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a severe complication of kidney transplantation. TMA may occur de novo or as recurrent disease post‐transplant. De novo disease is usually associated with immunosuppressive drugs or can be seen as a part of endothelial damage that accompanies antibody‐mediated rejection. Treatment for de novo TMA is limited to plasma exchange and change in immunosuppression. We report two cases of de novo TMA post‐transplant that were successfully treated by converting to belatacept for maintenance immunosuppression.
The utilization of sirolimus and the impact on wound‐healing complications in obese kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Hulbert Amanda L. , Delahunty April J. , Rajab Amer , Forbes Rachel C. , Winters Holli A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundWound healing is a known complication associated with sirolimus therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that obesity is a risk factor for wound‐healing complications (WHC) in patients receiving sirolimus therapy; however, the incidence has not been defined.MethodsThis is a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of de novo kidney transplant recipients (KTR) transplanted with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥30 kg/m2 between January 2002 and April 2011 receiving sirolimus vs. sirolimus‐free maintenance immunosuppression.ResultsA total of 317 KTR, 71 sirolimus‐free patients and 246 sirolimus patients, were eligible for inclusion. There was no difference in the primary outcome of WHC within six months of transplant (sirolimus 32.1% vs. sirolimus‐free 29.6%, p = 0.107). Sirolimus exposure was not found to influence WHC (OR 2.906, 95% CI 0.922–9.160); however, BMI Class II (OR 1.830, 95% CI 1.051–3.186) and Class III (OR 3.154, 95% CI 1.484–6.705) were significant predictors of WHC. There was no difference in WHC between the sirolimus group and sirolimus‐free group among patients in obesity Class I (27.3% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.064), Class II (36.6% vs. 34.8%, p = 0.195), or Class III (48.0% vs. 53.3%, p = 0.243).ConclusionIn our experience, sirolimus does not increase WHC in obese KTR and can be safely used as maintenance immunosuppression immediately following transplant.
Fine motor skill predicts expressive language in infant siblings of children with autism
Authors: LeBarton Eve Sauer , Iverson Jana M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe investigated whether fine motor and expressive language skills are related in the later‐born siblings of children with autism (heightened‐risk, HR infants) who are at increased risk for language delays. We observed 34 HR infants longitudinally from 12 to 36 months. We used parent report and standardized observation measures to assess fine motor skill from 12 to 24 months in HR infants (Study 1) and its relation to later expressive vocabulary at 36 months in HR infants (Study 2). In Study 1, we also included 25 infants without a family history of autism to serve as a normative comparison group for a parent‐report fine motor measure. We found that HR infants exhibited fine motor delays between 12 and 24 months and expressive vocabulary delays at 36 months. Further, fine motor skill significantly predicted expressive language at 36 months. Fine motor and expressive language skills are related early in development in HR infants, who, as a group, exhibit risk for delays in both. Our findings highlight the importance of considering fine motor skill in children at risk for language impairments and may have implications for early identification of expressive language difficulties.
Young children care more about their reputation with ingroup members and potential reciprocators
Authors: Engelmann Jan M. , Over Harriet , Herrmann Esther , Tomasello Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHuman cooperation depends on individuals caring about their reputation, and so they sometimes attempt to manage them strategically. Here we show that even 5‐year‐old children strategically manage their reputation. In an experimental setting, children shared significantly more resources with an anonymous recipient when (1) the child watching them could reciprocate later, and (2) the child watching them was an ingroup rather than an outgroup member (as established by minimal group markers). This study is not only the first to show that young children selectively invest in their reputation with specific individuals, but also the first to show that we care more about our reputation with ingroup than with outgroup members.
Effects of large‐scale host plant addition and removal on parasitoid‐mediated associational resistance in the gall midge Asphondylia borrichiae
Authors: STOKES KEITH , STILING PETER 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Associational resistance (AR) occurs when a plant species experiences less herbivory when growing in the presence of other plant species than when growing in monoculture. Densities of the gall midge Asphondylia borrichiae Rossi & Strong on the coastal plant Iva frutescens L. are depressed in the presence of a second coastal plant species, Borrichia frutescens (L.). Previous studies suggested that hymenopteran parasitoids from Borrichia galls spill over onto Iva galls and reduce gall densities.
This study employs large‐scale addition or near‐complete removal of Borrichia from a series of spoil islands near the west central Florida coast. Densities of galls on Iva decreased where Borrichia was added, increased where Borrichia was removed and remained unchanged on islands where Borrichia abundance was not manipulated.
Relative to unmanipulated islands, the total parasitism rate on Iva galls and parasitism rate by Torymus umbilicatus, the parasitoid hypothesised to be primarily responsible for AR in the system, declined on islands where Borrichia was removed and increased on islands where Borrichia was added, supporting the idea of parasitoid‐mediated AR.
Occurrence, incidence and associations among fungal pathogens and Agrilus auroguttatus, and their roles in Quercus agrifolia decline in California
Authors: Lynch S. C. , Zambino P. J. , Scott T. A. , Eskalen A. 
Published: August 2013

SummarySynchronous decline of oak (Quercus spp.) trees in woodlands has been described in Europe and eastern North America as a complex interaction of stressors that predispose, incite or contribute to tree death. This study presents a 2‐year (2010–2011) assessment of the role of pathogens in coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) woodlands in southern California where oak mortality occurs in locations that are infested and uninfested by the goldspotted oak borer (GSOB, Agrilus auroguttatus). Cumulative coast live oak mortality was not significantly different between sites and was weakly correlated with Diplodia corticola and GSOB incidence and negatively correlated with annual relative humidity. Multiple logistic regression models explained the presence of individual fungi or GSOB at the tree level. Fisher's exact test analysis determined that the presence of D. corticola, Fusarium solani, Dothiorella iberica, Cryptosporiopsis querciphila and Diatrypella verrucaeformis were each related to origin of sample location on tree, and C. querciphila was additionally related to symptom type on the bole. Multiple linear regression models showed high correlation between environmental variables and plot‐level incidence of both GSOB and D. corticola. Disease incidence (DI) for D. corticola was highest in GSOB‐uninfested locations. Jaccard index of association (J) showed that D. corticola was negatively associated with the presence of GSOB, F. solani and C. querciphila. Results suggest that oak decline in California is an example of a complex syndrome involving strong regional differences in factors that are associated with the problem.