bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Atmospheric Water Budget Components over Tropical Oceans
Authors: Brown Paula J. , Kummerow Christian D. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Balancing global moisture budgets is a difficult task that is even more challenging at regional scales. Atmospheric water budget components are investigated within five tropical (15°S–15°N) ocean regions, including the Indian Ocean, three Pacific regions, and one Atlantic region, to determine how well data products balance these budgets. Initially, a selection of independent observations and a reanalysis product are evaluated to determine overall closure, between 1998 and 2007. Satellite-based observations from SeaFlux evaporation and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation, together with Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data products, were chosen. Freshwater flux (evaporation minus precipitation) observations and reanalysis atmospheric moisture divergence regional averages are assessed for closure. Moisture budgets show the best closure over the Indian Ocean with a correlation of 89% and an overall imbalance of −3.0% of the anomalies. Of the five regions, the western Pacific Ocean region produces the worst atmospheric moisture budget closure of −21.1%, despite a high correlation of 93%. Average closure over the five regions is within 8.1%, and anomalies are correlated at 83%. ERA-Interim and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) evaporation rates are 29 and 19 mm month−1 greater than SeaFlux, respectively. To diagnose the differences, wind speed and humidity gradients of the three products are compared utilizing the bulk formula for evaporation. SeaFlux wind speeds are higher, but sea–air humidity gradients are lower. Higher humidity gradients in the reanalyses are due to much dryer near-surface air in ERA-Interim, and the same to a lesser degree in MERRA. These differences counteract each other somewhat, but overall humidity biases exceed wind biases. This is consistent with buoy observations.
What are the safety risks for patients undergoing treatment by multiple specialties: a retrospective patient record review study
Authors: Baines Rebecca J , de Bruijne Martine C , Langelaan Maaike , Wagner Cordula 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
If multiple medical specialties are involved in treatment there is a danger of increasing risks to patient safety. This is due to the need for greater co-ordination and communication with other specialties, less emergency cover for individual sub-specialties, and a drop in general care and the overview of care. This study aims to determine if the number of medical specialties treating a patient is associated with the risk of experiencing harm during hospital admission.

Methods
We performed a retrospective patient record review study using a stratified sample of 20 hospitals in the Netherlands. In each hospital 200 patient admissions were included. We related the occurrence of preventable adverse events and non-preventable adverse events to the number of specialties treating a patient through a stepwise multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Results
Compared to patients treated by only one specialty, patients treated by three or more specialties had an odds ratio of experiencing an adverse event of 3.01 (95% CI 2.09 to 4.34), and an odds ratio of experiencing a preventable adverse event of 2.78 (95% CI 1.77 to 4.37). After adding characteristics related to the patient and the type of health care, the odds ratio for non-preventable adverse events decreased to 1.46 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.26), and for preventable adverse events to 2.31 (95% CI 1.40 to 3.81). There were no large differences found between the groups relating to the causes of preventable adverse events. However, in patients treated by three or more specialties, the greater number of preventable adverse events was related to the diagnostic process.

Conclusions
The more specialties treating a patient the greater the risk of an adverse event. This finding became more pronounced for preventable adverse events than for non-preventable adverse events after corrections for the characteristics of the patient and their health care. This study highlights the importance of taking the number of specialties treating a patient into account. More research is needed to gain insight into the underlying causes of inadequate care when multiple specialties are required to treat a patient. This could result in appropriate solutions resulting in improvements to care.
Correlation of bevacizumab-induced hypertension and outcomes of metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated with bevacizumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Jun , Ma Hong , Huang Fang , Zhu Dichao , Bi Jianping , Ke Yang , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
With the wide application of targeted drug therapies, the relevance of prognostic and predictive markers in patient selection has become increasingly important. Bevacizumab is commonly used in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. However, there are currently no predictive or prognostic biomarkers for bevacizumab. Several clinical studies have evaluated bevacizumab-induced hypertension in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This meta-analysis was performed to better determine the association of bevacizumab-induced hypertension with outcome in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and to assess whether bevacizumab-induced hypertension can be used as a prognostic factor in these patients.

Methods
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on seven published studies to investigate the relationship between hypertension and outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with bevacizumab. Our primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and OS were extracted from each trial, and the log of the relative risk ratio (RR) was estimated for ORR.

Results
The occurrence of bevacizumab-induced hypertension in patients was highly associated with improvements in PFS (HR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.46–0.72; P <0.001), OS (HR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.37–0.68; P <0.001), and ORR (RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07–2.30, P <0.05), as compared to patients without hypertension.

Conclusions
Bevacizumab-induced hypertension may represent a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
On cell separation with topographically engineered surfaces
Authors: Franco Davide , Klingauf Mirko , Cecchini Marco , Falk Volkmar , Starck Christoph , Poulikakos Dimos , Ferrari Aldo 
Published: December 2013

Background
Topographical modifications of the surface influence several cell functions and can be exploited to modulate cellular activities such as adhesion, migration and proliferation. These complex interactions are cell-type specific, therefore engineered substrates featuring patterns of two or more different topographies may be used to obtain the selective separation of different cell lineages. This process has the potential to enhance the performance of biomedical devices promoting, for example, the local coverage with functional tissues while demoting the onset of inflammatory reactions.

Findings & Conclusions
Here we present a computational tool, based on Monte Carlo simulation, which decouples the contribution of cell proliferation and migration and predicts the cell-separation performance of topographically engineered substrates. Additionally, we propose an optimization procedure to shape the topographically engineered areas of a substrate and obtain maximal cell separation.
Pathways systematically associated to Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Fernández Raquel M , Bleda Marta , Luzón-Toro Berta , García-Alonso Luz , Arnold Stacey , Sribudiani Yunia , Besmond Claude , Lantieri Francesca , Doan Betty , Ceccherini Isabella , Lyonnet Stanislas , Hofstra Robert MW , Chakravarti Aravinda , Antiñolo Guillermo , Dopazo Joaquín , Borrego Salud 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDespite it has been reported that several loci are involved in Hirschsprung’s disease, the molecular basis of the disease remains yet essentially unknown. The study of collective properties of modules of functionally-related genes provides an efficient and sensitive statistical framework that can overcome sample size limitations in the study of rare diseases. Here, we present the extension of a previous study of a Spanish series of HSCR trios to an international cohort of 162 HSCR trios to validate the generality of the underlying functional basis of the Hirschsprung’s disease mechanisms previously found. The Pathway-Based Analysis (PBA) confirms a strong association of gene ontology (GO) modules related to signal transduction and its regulation, enteric nervous system (ENS) formation and other processes related to the disease. In addition, network analysis recovers sub-networks significantly associated to the disease, which contain genes related to the same functionalities, thus providing an independent validation of these findings. The functional profiles of association obtained for patients populations from different countries were compared to each other. While gene associations were different at each series, the main functional associations were identical in all the five populations. These observations would also explain the reported low reproducibility of associations of individual disease genes across populations.
Plasma IL‐25 is elevated in a subgroup of patients with clinical reactivity to peanut
Authors: Aalberse Joost A , van Thuijl Anders O , Meijer Yolanda , de Jager Wilco , van der Palen‐Merkus Tjitske , Sprikkelman Aline B , Hoekstra Maarten O , Prakken Berent J , van Wijk Femke 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundOne of the IL‐17 family members, IL‐25, has been implicated with the initiation and amplification of Th2 responses in animal models and has been associated with airway hyper‐reactivity. The involvement of IL‐25 and also IL‐17 in food allergic disease remains to be investigated.FindingsIn this study thirty children suspected of peanut allergic disease underwent a double‐blind placebo controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) and IL‐25 and IL‐17 plasma levels were determined before and after challenge. IL‐25 was highly elevated only in subgroup of children with a positive DBPCFC outcome. Plasma IL‐25 was absent in children with a negative DBPCFC outcome and in healthy controls.ConclusionsThis study shows that IL‐25, an IL‐17 family member, is highly elevated only in children with a clinical response to peanut. This suggests a role for IL‐25 in the pathogenesis of peanut allergy and elevated plasma IL‐25 may be a sign of a severe atopic phenotype.
Highlights of this issue
Authors: Dean Kimberlie 
Published: December 2013

Interventions throughout early life - antenatally, in childhood and in adolescenceTwo papers in the Journal this month describe trials of interventions targeting young people – one focused on treating anxiety disorders in childhood and another on preventing eating disorders in adolescence. While CBT for childhood anxiety disorders is known to be effective, its availability is limited. Thirlwall et al (pp. 436–444) conducted a randomised controlled trial of low-intensity guided parent-delivered CBT in a sample of children with anxiety disorders referred by primary or secondary care to a specialist clinic. Compared with waiting-list controls, the children receiving the full intervention demonstrated superior diagnostic outcomes, whereas those receiving a brief version of the intervention showed no improvements. In a linked editorial, Cartwright-Hatton (pp. 401–402) highlights the prevalence of childhood anxiety disorders, the implications of failing to treat them and the evidence supporting their treatability. She also points to the implications of findings from Thirlwall et al indicating that therapists need not be highly trained or experienced to achieve significant results.
Translating neuroimaging findings into psychiatric practice
Authors: Reilly Thomas J. , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryAlthough translational medicine has become a priority for medical science, advances in neuroscience have failed to be translated for the benefit of patients. In populations at high risk of psychosis, neuroimaging could stratify those mostly likely to develop psychosis. This is an example of potentially translatable psychiatry.
Academic training in psychiatry
Authors: Oakley Clare , West Emma , Jones Ian 
Published: December 2013

Aims and methodThe structure of academic training in psychiatry has changed in recent
years and little is known about the trainees currently pursuing this
career path. Two surveys were conducted of academic trainees in
psychiatry and the heads of departments of psychiatry. These surveys
aimed to identify the number of trainees currently in academic training,
the nature of their positions and opinions about the current system of
training in academic psychiatry.ResultsThere were 165 academic trainees identified, of whom 101 were not
currently in academic clinical fellow (ACF) or academic clinical lecturer
(ACL) posts. Academic trainees are located in a relatively small number
of universities, with a quarter being based at one institution. In total,
60% of the trainees were in general adult psychiatry. Only 4.6% of
respondents rated their academic training as excellent and just over half
were certain that they wished to pursue an academic career in the future.
Various challenges to academic training in psychiatry were identified by
both the heads of departments and trainees.Clinical implicationsCurrent difficulties in academic training in psychiatry, such as lack of
flexibility of the training pathway, need addressing to ensure the
provision of high-quality research and teaching in psychiatry in the
future.
Theory and Calculations of Molecules Containing Heavier Main Group Elements and Fullerenes Encaging Transition Metals: Interplay with Experiment
Authors: Nagase Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
From a fundamental perspective, it is explained why the heavier main group elements provide bonds, structures, and reactions that differ from those provided by the second row elements represented by carbon, together with recent topics including transition metals. For endohedral metallofullerenes, it is explained how the cage structures, metal positions and motion, and unique properties, which are necessary for functionalization and applied investigations, are predicted and determined. The importance of close interplay between theoretical calculations and experiment is emphasized to develop new molecules and reactions using the characteristics of elements.
Inferior vena cava thrombus
Authors: Yuan S.-M. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Background: The inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus is an entity with many different causes and clinical presentations.
Methods: In the past five years, we treated 16 patients with IVC thrombus and a diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinoma in 6 (37.5%), metastatic hepatic carcinoma in 8 (50%), and Budd-Chiari syndrome in 2 patients (12.5%).
Results: Conservative treatment with enhanced immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for the hepatic malignancies led to an overall survial of 82.2% at 16-month follow-up.
Discussion: The prognosis of IVC tumor thrombus is usually poor and the surgical techniques are quite challenging. Surgical re-section combined with chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus has led to promising results. Aggressive radical nephrectomy with IVC thrombectomy remains the most effective therapeutic option in patients with renal cell carcinoma and IVC tumor thrombus. With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques and the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass, less trauma and prolonged survival can be expected for IVC thrombus of malignant etiology.
Kompressionstherapie in der Schwangerschaft: Fluch oder Segen?
Authors: Adamczyk A. , Krug M. , Schnabl S. , Häfner H.-M. 
Published: December 2013

ZusammenfassungHintergrund: In der Schwangerschaft kommt es bedingt durch verschiedene Faktoren zur Ausbildung peripherer Ödeme im Bereich der unteren Extremität. Des Weiteren stellt die Schwangerschaft einen Risikofaktor für die Entstehung einer Varikose sowie thrombembolischer Ereignisse dar. Eine prophylaktische Versorgung schwangerer Frauen mit Kompressionsstrümpfen erfolgt häufig nur in Risikosituationen, jedoch noch nicht flächendeckend. Ziel der Studie war es, den Effekt einer optimal angepassten Kompressionstherapie im Hinblick auf die Ödemreduktion und subjektive Beschwerdesymptomatik in der Schwangerschaft zu untersuchen.Patienten und Methoden: In einer randomisierten, prospektiven Studie wurden 21 schwangere Frauen (33,4 Jahre (SD 4,4 Jahre)) in den klinischen Stadien C0 (3), C1 (11), C2 (6) und C3 (1) untersucht. 13 Frauen erhielten eine Kompressionsstrumpfhose, 8 Frauen keine Kompression. In 4-wöchigen Abständen wurden die Patientinnen bezüglich des Beinumfanges und der Beinvolumina mittels Wasserplethysmographie und berührungsloser Image 3D untersucht. Parallel dazu wurde die Lebensqualität und subjektive Beschwerdesymptomatik mittels Patientenfragebögen evaluiert. Die digitale Photoplethysmographie, doppler- und duplexsonographische Untersuchungen der Beinvenen wurden zu Beginn, kurz vor Geburt sowie 3 Mona-te postpartal vorgenommen.Ergebnisse: In beiden Gruppen kam es im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft zu einer linear zum Körpergewicht ansteigenden Beinvolumenzunahme. Allerdings zeigte sich in der Wasserplethysmographie ein deutlich geringerer Anstieg des Unterschenkelvolumens in der Patientengruppe mit Kompressionsstrümpfen (p<0,05). Die Lebensqualität sowie die subjektive Beschwerdesymptomatik waren bereits bei Untersuchungsbeginn in der Gruppe mit Kompressionsstrümpfen schlechter bewertet, als in der Gruppe ohne Kompressionsstrümpfe. Es zeigte sich aber im Verlauf der Schwangerschaft keine Verschlechterung, sondern eher eine Verbesserung. Dabei wurden die negativen Trageeigenschaften der Kompressionsstrümpfe als sehr gering eingestuft, was sich auch in der hohen Compliance bezüglich der Tragedauer der Strümpfe widerspiegelte.Schlussfolgerung: Die Kompressionstherapie bei Schwangeren wird gut toleriert und wirkt einer schwangerschaftsbedingten Unterschenkelvolumenzunahme entgegen und sollte daher in die generelle Empfehlung zur Gesundheitsvorsorge bei Schwangeren aufgenommen werden.
Thromboembolische Komplikationen und die Bedeutung der Thrombophilie in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Gonser L. , Strölin A. 
Published: December 2013

ZusammenfassungZiel: Überblick über Pathogenese, Prophylaxe und Therapie thromboembolischer Komplikationen.Methode: Literaturrecherche in Pubmed.Ergebnisse und Diskussion: In der Schwangerschaft verändert sich die plasmatische Gerinnung zugunsten der prokoagulatorischen Eigenschaften des Blutes, um dem Blutverlust bei der Geburt entgegenzuwirken. Venöse Thromboembolien (VTE) gehören in der westlichen Welt weiterhin zu den führenden Ursachen für schwerwiegende mütterliche Morbidität und Sterblichkeit. Das Risiko, eine venöse Thromboembolie zu erleiden, steigt in der Schwangerschaft um das 4-5-fache und in der Postpartum-Periode sogar um das 20-fache. Insbesondere bei Patientinnen mit einer erworbenen oder hereditären Thrombophilie kann es zu vaskulär bedingten Schwangerschaftskomplikationen kommen. Hierzu zählen die tiefe Beinvenenthrombose, die Lungenembolie, aber auch rezidivierende Aborte bei AntiphospholipidSyndrom. Empfehlungen im Hinblick auf die Notwendigkeit einer prophylaktischen Gabe von niedermolekularem Heparin werden bei den verschiedenen Thrombophilien individuell getroffen. Sie sind abhängig von der Art der Thrombophilie, der Eigen- und Familienanamnese hinsichtlich tiefer Beinvenenthrombosen, Lungenembolien oder rezidivierender Aborte sowie dem Verlauf der Schwangerschaft. Eine generelle Empfehlung für eine prophylaktische Heparinisierung bei laborchemisch nachgewiesener Thrombophilie gibt es nicht.Als antikoagulatorische Therapie der Wahl bei thromboembolischen Komplikationen in der Schwangerschaft gelten die niedermolekularen Heparine, da sie nebenwirkungsarm und nicht teratogen sind. Die Therapie der akuten VTE sollte in der Regel bis 6 Wochen post part-um bei einer Gesamtdauer von mindestens 3 Monaten durchgeführt werden. Liegt ein Anti-phospholipid-Syndrom vor, wird zusätzlich Acetylsalicylsäure (75–100 mg/Tag) empfohlen. Da ein Großteil der tiefen Beinvenenthrombosen in der Schwangerschaft proximal auftreten, ist das Risiko eines postthrombotischen Syndroms hoch. Zur Minimierung von Früh- und Spätkomplikationen bei Thromboembolien in der Schwangerschaft ist eine frühzeitige Diagnostik sowie eine risikoadaptierte Prophylaxe entscheidend.
Ecologically Safe Cavity Way of Hydrogen Generation in Water Flows with Low Ionized Plasma Emergence
Authors: Якушин  , Yakushin R. , Нурахметов  , Nurakhmetov T. , Кутербеков  , Kuterbekov K. , Графов  , Grafov D. , Багров  , Bagrov V. , Кручинина  , Kruchinina Nataliya , Десятов  , Dyesyatov Andryey 
Published: December 2013

Observed changes of atomic hydrogen radiation line intensity in the spectrum for plasma formations arising at a collapse of cavity
bubbles in the water of high degree cleaning have been described. The constructive scheme of a cell for cavity creation with
subsequent ecologically safe method of hydrogen concoction from a gas mix has been offered. The influence of cavity creation
device material and chemicals impurity on the spectrum for hydrogen’s luminescence brightness and its formation speed has been
experimentally established. The results of experiments confirm the possibility of hydrogen safe generation in cavity streams and
make actual the need for further researches.
New Priorities in the Environment Protection against Civil Aviation Influence
Authors: Николайкин  , Nikolaykin N. 
Published: December 2013

The modern directions of environment protection against aircraft influence in the light of International Civil Aviation
Organization (IСAO) decisions have been analyzed. Modern priorities in this activity have been revealed, tendencies
of development related to international and civil aviation, as well as evolution of ecological requirements to aircraft,
civil aviation’s fuel efficiency increase directions and alternative fuels, problems of aviation noise impact on habitat
have been considered.
About Requirements to Protection of Equipment from Explosion during Gas-Rescuing Work
Authors: Богач  , Bogach V. , Никулин  , Nikulin V. , Потапкин  , Potapkin V. 
Published: December 2013

The problem of explosive zones’ class definition during gas-rescuing work, as well as requirements related to applied equipment
explosion protection have been considered in this paper. It is established that explosive zones in accident conditions belong to
class 0 or 1. In the absence of data on an accident source and explosive substances’ leakage nature it is necessary to accept 0 class
of an explosive zone and apply the equipment conforming to requirements of special explosion protection during gas-rescuing
work. Liquidation of accident consequences after elimination of continuous leak sources can be made with use of explosionproof
equipment according to 1 level. The equipment of increased explosion reliability isn´t applied during gas-rescuing work in
conditions of explosive mixes formation. It is recommended to accept 2 class related to zones of placement of gas-rescuing works’
command point and gas-rescuing base (inside these zones’ limits the equipment of increased explosion reliability (2Ех) or with
IP 54 cover protection level should be used) in case of their location at a distance less than 5 m from external borders of 1 class
zone. The recommended sizes related to explosive zones of various classes have been specified subject to existence or absence of
gas-analytical control data related to a content of explosive vapors and gases in the atmosphere.