bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outsourced carbon mitigation efforts of Chinese cities from 2012 to 2017
Authors: Xia Chengqi , Zheng Heran , Meng Jing , Shan Yuli , Liang Xi , Li Jin , Yin Zihua , Chen Minggu , Du Pengfei , Wang Can 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOutsourced carbon mitigation between cities means that some cities benefit from the carbon mitigation efforts of other cities more than their own. This problem conceals the recognition of cities’ mitigation contributions. Here we quantify local and outsourced carbon mitigation levels from 2012 to 2017 and identified ‘outsourced mitigation beneficiaries’ relying on outsourced efforts more than their own among 309 Chinese cities by using a city-level input–output model. It found that the share of outsourced emissions rose from 78.6% to 81.9% during this period. In particular, 240 cities (77.7%) were outsourced mitigation beneficiaries, of which 65 were strong beneficiaries (their local carbon emissions still grew) and 175 cities were weak beneficiaries (with larger outsourced mitigation efforts than local mitigation efforts). Strong beneficiaries were often industrializing cities with more agriculture and light manufacturing, focusing on local economic growth. In contrast, weak beneficiaries were mainly at the downstream of supply chains with services and high-tech manufacturing, which have stronger connections with upstream heavy industry cities. The findings suggest the need for policies to manage outsourced mitigation of supply chains and encourage transformation, improving the fair acknowledgment of cities’ carbon mitigation efforts.
Integer wavelet transform‐based secret image sharing using rook polynomial and hamming code with authentication
Authors: Charoghchi Sara , Saeidi Zahra , Mashhadi Samaneh 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs an effective way to securely transfer secret images, secret image sharing (SIS) has been a noteworthy area of research. Basically in a SIS scheme, a secret image is shared via shadows and could be reconstructed by having the required number of them. A major downside of this method is its noise‐like shadows, which draw the malicious users' attention. In order to overcome this problem, SIS schemes with meaningful shadows are introduced in which the shadows are first hidden in innocent‐looking cover images and then shared. In most of these schemes, the cover image cannot be recovered without distortion, which makes them useless in case of utilising critical cover images such as military or medical images. Also, embedding the secret data in Least significant bits of the cover image, in many of these schemes, makes them very fragile to steganlysis. A reversible IWT‐based SIS scheme using Rook polynomial and Hamming code with authentication is proposed. In order to make the scheme robust to steganalysis, the shadow image is embedded in coefficients of Integer wavelet transform of the cover image. Using Rook polynomial makes the scheme more secure and moreover makes authentication very easy and with no need to share private key to participants. Also, utilising Hamming code lets us embed data with much less required modifications on the cover image which results in high‐quality stego images.
An extended and refined grid of 3D STAGGER model atmospheres
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Luisa F. , Lagae Cis , Amarsi Anish M. , Bigot Lionel , Zhou Yixiao , Aguirre Børsen-Koch Víctor , Lind Karin , Trampedach Regner , Collet Remo 
Published: June 2024

Context. Traditional one-dimensional hydrostatic model atmospheres introduce systematic modelling errors into spectroscopic analyses of FGK-type stars.
Aims. We present an updated version of the STAGGER-grid of three-dimensional model atmospheres, and explore the accuracy of postprocessing methods in preparation for spectral synthesis.
Methods. New and old models were (re)computed following an updated workflow, including an updated opacity binning technique. Spectroscopic tests were performed in three-dimensional local thermodynamic equilibrium for a grid of 216 fictitious Fe I lines, spanning a wide range of oscillator strengths, excitation potentials, and central wavelengths, and eight model atmospheres that cover the stellar atmospheric parameter range (Teff, log g, and [Fe/H]) of FGK-type stars. Using this grid, the impact of vertical and horizontal resolutions, and temporal sampling of model atmospheres on spectroscopic diagnostics, was tested.
Results. We find that downsampling the horizontal mesh from its original size of 240 × 240 grid cells to 80 × 80 cells, in other words, sampling every third grid cell, introduces minimal errors on the equivalent width and normalised line flux across the line and stellar parameter space. Regarding temporal sampling, we find that sampling ten statistically independent snapshots is sufficient to accurately model the shape of spectral line profiles. For equivalent widths, a subsample consisting of only two snapshots is sufficient, introducing an abundance error of less than 0.015 dex.
Conclusions. We have computed 32 new model atmospheres and recomputed 116 old ones present in the original grid. The public release of the STAGGER-grid contains 243 models and the processed snapshots can be used to improve the accuracy of spectroscopic analyses.
Uncertainties of the dust grain size in protoplanetary disks retrieved from millimeter continuum observations
Authors: Li Dafa , Liu Yao , Wang Hongchi , Fang Min , Wang Lei 
Published: June 2024

Context. Investigating the dust grain size and its dependence on substructures in protoplanetary disks is a crucial step in understanding the initial process of planet formation. Spectral indices derived from millimeter observations are used as a common probe for grain size. Converting observed spectral indices into grain sizes is a complex task that involves solving the radiative transfer equation, taking into account the disk structure and dust properties.
Aims. Under the assumption of vertically isothermal disks, the solution to the radiative transfer equation can be approximated with an analytic expression, with which the fitting procedure can be done very fast. Our work aims to investigate the applicability of this method to grain size retrieval.
Methods. We ran reference radiative transfer models with known disk properties, and generated four synthetic images at wavelengths of 0.8, 1.3, 3, and 7.8 mm, representing high-resolution continuum observations. Rings and gaps were considered in the setup. We fit the synthetic images using the analytic solution to investigate the circumstances under which the input grain sizes can be recovered.
Results. Fitting images at only two wavelengths is not sufficient to retrieve the grain size. Fitting three images improves the retrieval of grain size, but the dust surface density is still not well recovered. When taking all of the four images into account, degeneracies between different parameters are highly reduced, and consequently the best-fit grain sizes are consistent with the reference setup at almost all radii. We find that the inclination angle has a significant impact on the fitting results. For disks with low inclinations, the analytic approach works quite well. However, when the disk is tilted above ~60°, neither the grain size nor the dust surface density can be constrained, as the inclination effect will smooth out all substructures in the radial intensity profile of the disk.
Transition region response to quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs
Authors: Bhatnagar Aditi , Rouppe van der Voort Luc , Joshi Jayant 
Published: June 2024

Context. Quiet-Sun Ellerman bombs (QSEBs) are key indicators of small-scale photospheric magnetic reconnection events. Recent high-resolution observations have shown that they are ubiquitous and that large numbers of QSEBs can be found in the quiet Sun.
Aims. We aim to understand the impact of QSEBs on the upper solar atmosphere by analyzing their spatial and temporal relationship with the UV brightenings observed in transition region diagnostics.
Methods. We analyzed high-resolution Hβ observations from the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope and utilized k-means clustering to detect 1423 QSEBs in a 51 min time series. We used coordinated and co-aligned observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) to search for corresponding signatures in the 1400 Å slit-jaw image (SJI) channel and in the Si IV 1394 Å and Mg II 2798.8 Å triplet spectral lines. We identified UV brightenings from SJI 1400 using a threshold of 5σ above the median background.
Results. We focused on 453 long-lived QSEBs (> 1 min) and found 67 cases of UV brightenings from SJI 1400 occurring near the QSEBs, both temporally and spatially. Temporal analysis of these events indicates that QSEBs start before UV brightenings in 57% of cases, while UV brightenings lead in 36% of instances. The majority of the UV brightenings occur within 1000 km of the QSEBs in the direction of the solar limb. We also identify 21 QSEBs covered by the IRIS slit, four of which show emissions in the Si IV 1394 Å and/or Mg II 2798.8 Å triplet lines, at distances within 500 km of the QSEBs in the limb direction.
Conclusions. We conclude that a small fraction (15%) of the long-lived QSEBs contribute to the localized heating observable in transition region diagnostics, indicating they play a minimal role in the global heating of the upper solar atmosphere.
Modelling the connection between propagating disturbances and solar spicules
Authors: Skirvin S. J. , Samanta T. , Van Doorsselaere T. 
Published: June 2024

Aims. Propagating (intensity) disturbances (PDs) have been extensively reported in observations of coronal loops and polar plumes, along with more recent links to co-temporal spicule activity in the solar atmosphere. However, despite their appearance in observations, PDs have yet to be studied or modelled in depth.
Methods. In this work, we present results from a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (3D MHD) numerical model. It features a stratified solar atmosphere perturbed by a p-mode wave driver at the photosphere, subsequently forming spicules described by the rebound shock model.
Results. We find the features of the detected PDs to be consistent with the co-temporal transition region dynamics and spicular activity resulting from non-linear wave steepening and shock formation. Furthermore, the PDs could be interpreted as slow magnetoacoustic pulses propagating along the magnetic field, rather than high-speed plasma upflows carrying sufficient energy flux to (at least partially) heat the lower coronal plasma. Using forward modelling, we demonstrate the similarities between the PDs in the simulations and those reported from observations with IRIS and SDO/AIA.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that in the model presented here, the dynamical movement of the transition region is a result of wave dynamics and shock formation in the lower solar atmosphere. We find that PDs are launched co-temporally with the rising of the transition region, regardless of the wave-generating physical mechanisms occurring in the underlying lower solar atmosphere. However, it is clear that signatures of PDs appear much clearer when a photospheric wave driver is included. Finally, we present the importance of PDs in the context of providing a source for powering the (fast) solar wind.
Dynamical friction in the quasi-linear formulation of modified Newtonian dynamics (QuMOND)
Authors: Di Cintio Pierfrancesco , Re Federico , Chiari Caterina 
Published: June 2024

Aims. We explore the dynamical friction on a test mass in gravitational systems in the quasi-linear formulation of modified Newtonian dynamics (QuMOND).
Methods. Exploiting the quasi-linearity of QuMOND, we derived a simple expression for the dynamical friction in akin to its Newtonian counterpart in the standard Chandrasekhar derivation. Moreover, adopting a mean field approach based on the Liouville equation, we were able to obtain a more rigorous (albeit in integral form) dynamical friction formula that can be evaluated numerically for a given choice of the QuMOND interpolation function.
Results. We find that our results are consistent with those of previous works. We observe that the dynamical friction is stronger in MOND with respect to a baryon-only Newtonian system with the same mass distribution. This amounts to a correction of the Coulomb logarithmic factor via additional terms that are proportional to the MOND radius of the system. Moreover, with the aid of simple numerical experiments, we confirm our theoretical predictions and those of previous works based on MOND.
Stellenwert der neuro-urologischen Betreuung von Patienten mit Rückenmarkverletzungen/-erkrankungen
Authors: Wöllner Jens , Kurze Ines 
Published: June 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Integrität, Kontrolle und Steuerung des Harntrakts unterliegen einer komplexen neuronalen Steuerung mit Anteilen des sympathischen, parasympathischen und somatischen Nervensystems. Das Rückenmark nimmt in der Steuerung, aber auch als Transmitter der motorischen und sensorischen Bahnen eine zentrale Rolle ein. Die Störung der Blasenfunktion und die konsekutive Nierenfunktionsstörung war vor einer halben Dekade noch die häufigste Todesursache für Patienten mit Rückenmarkverletzungen/-erkrankungen (QSL). Die Fortschritte in Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neuro-Urologie, haben einen wesentlichen Anteil daran, dass aktuell die urologische Problematik nicht mehr lebenslimitierend ist. Neben der eigentlichen Funktion des Harntrakts, sind aber auch die komplexen Interaktionen bei einem Patienten mit QSL entscheidend. Nicht ausreichend therapierte Detrusorüberaktivität mit Autonomer Dysreflexie, Inkontinenz mit sekundären Hautveränderungen, oder die fehlende Handfunktion zur Durchführung des intermittierenden Selbstkatheterismus, sind Themen, die bei Betreuung dieser Patienten interdisziplinär evaluiert werden müssen. Die Rückenmarkverletzung/-erkrankung impliziert eine Vielzahl von Funktionsstörungen und sekundären Beeinträchtigungen des Organismus. Neben der Blasenfunktion, spielt auch die Sexualfunktionsstörung eine wesentliche Rolle. Insbesondere bei jungen Patienten, die vor oder in der Phase der Familienplanung eine Querschnittlähmung erleiden, ist die Störung und Einschränkung ein wesentlicher Grund für die Reduktion der Lebensqualität. Zusätzlich kommt der neurogenen Darmfunktionsstörung eine entscheidende Rolle in Bezug auf Lebensqualität und Bewältigung des Alltags zu.

In den letzten Jahren haben sich die neuro-urologischen Themengebiete deutlich erweitert. Der Fokus unserer Arbeit liegt schon lange nicht mehr nur beim Harntrakt und der Urodynamik. Insbesondere die Diagnostik und Therapie der neurogenen Darmfunktionsstörung liegt zunehmend in der Hand des Neuro-Urologen. Im komplexen Bild der Querschnittlähmung interagieren Blasen-, Darm- und Sexualfunktionsstörungen, sodass diese sich auch gegenseitig beeinflussen. Eine lebenslange und regelmäßige neuro-urologische Betreuung dieser Patienten an einem Querschnittzentrum ist daher für die nachhaltige Betreuung und Reintegration entscheidend. Und nicht zuletzt sind es genau diese neuro-urologischen Themen, wie Harnwegsinfekte, Harn- und Stuhlinkontinenz und Koprostase die am häufigsten zu einer Rehospitalisierung führen.
Insulinresistenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 – Eine Auswertung des DPV-Registers
Authors: Otto Sarah , Burow Konstantin , Eckert Alexander J. , Heldt Katrin , Henn Martina , Holder Martin , Schweizer Roland , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 müssen lebenslang mit Insulin substituiert werden. Dabei wird für jede Einzelne und jeden Einzelnen die passende Insulindosierung gewählt bzw. durch komplexe Algorithmen der AID-Systeme (Automatische Insulindosierung) berechnet. Hierbei fällt auf, dass es immer wieder Kinder und Jugendliche gibt, die einen steigenden Bedarf an Insulin bzw. eine Insulinresistenz aufzeigen. Das Auftreten einer Insulinresistenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ1 – in unserer Publikation definiert als Insulindosierung von über 1U/kg/d – steht augenscheinlich in Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Einflussgrößen wie u.a. Therapieform und Insulinart, sportlicher Betätigung, Übergewicht, Einnahme einer hormonellen Kontrazeption. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Analyse von Daten aus dem DPV-Register. Hierzu wurden die Daten von 48.357 Kindern und Jugendlichen mit T1D herangezogen, um einen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Auftreten einer Insulinresistenz und verschiedenen Einflussfaktoren nachzuweisen. Die Ergebnisse sollen dazu beitragen, Patienten mit ungewöhnlich hohem Insulinbedarf besser beraten zu können und gegebenenfalls durch entsprechende Therapiemaßnahmen zu versuchen, die Insulinresistenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit T1D zu verringern.
Die Resolution zur Stärkung der Rehabilitation im Gesundheitssystem
der Weltgesundheitsversammlung – auch eine Selbstverpflichtung
Deutschlands
Authors: Gutenbrunner Christoph , Sturm Christian , Egen Christoph 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Weltgesundheitsversammlung („World Health Assembly; WHA“) ist der Souverän
der Weltgesundheitsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen („World Health
Organization; WHO“) und somit der oberste Entscheidungsträger. Sie besteht aus
Delegierten aller 194 Mitgliedsstaaten. Neben der Wahl des Sekretariats
diskutiert und verabschiedet sie regelmäßig auch Resolutionen zu wichtigen
Gesundheitsthemen, die von einzelnen Mitgliedsstaaten initiiert und im Executive
Board der WHO (34 Mitgliedsstaaten, gewählt in einem Rotationssystem) als
Beschlussvorlage vorbereitet werden. Die Resolutionen der WHA sind wie die der
UN-Generalversammlung allerdings nicht rechtlich bindend. Sie haben aber einen
hohen normativen und Aufforderungscharakter, insbesondere dann, wenn sie mit
großer Mehrheit oder einstimmig verabschiedet worden sind. Dies gilt auch für
die am 27. Mai 2023 von der WHA verabschiedeten Resolution zur Stärkung der
Rehabilitation in den Gesundheitssystemen („StrengtheningRehabiltation in Health
Systems“; WHO Document EB 152(10) 1),
der auch die deutsche Delegation zugestimmt und somit diese auch für sich
„adoptiert“ hat. Die Resolutionen der WHA folgen in aller Regel einem
einheitlichen Schema, in dem zunächst die Hintergründe, der Bezugsrahmen und die
Problemlage geschildert werden, gefolgt von den Forderungen an die
Mitgliedsstaaten, eine Einladung zur Mitarbeit durch zivilgesellschaftliche
Organisationen und die Forderungen an den Generaldirektor der WHO.
Flourine-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Imaging of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis in Lung Cancer: A Case Study
Authors: Sathekge Tshimogo , Boktor Raef R. , Berlangieri Salvatore , Lee Sze Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLung cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a rare disease presentation. The presence of peritoneal disease is a sign of poor prognosis and is hard to diagnose. Flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) is becoming more clinically significant in the management of patients with PC. A 60-year-old male presented with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and later showed signs of peritoneal disease on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, which subsequently lead to the diagnoses of PC with histopathology from peritoneal biopsy. The patient showed an excellent initial response to their NSCLC treatment but later presented with PC that was shown by FDG-avid ascites and a soft tissue mass in the pelvic area. The abdominal-pelvic lesions were confirmed cytologically to be peritoneal metastatic disease. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated value in preoperatively directing biopsy for diagnosing PC in this case of NSCLC. Further, 18F-FDG PET/CT was useful in the monitoring of disease progression and thus influenced management in this case of NSCLC with PC, which is often challenging to detect and manage.
Perioperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions through Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Clinicopathological Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Elmatri Haitham H. , Gheryani Nabeia Ali , Saad Rema H. Faraj , Amer Abeer H. A. 
Published: June 2024

Background Thyroid lesions are a worldwide common clinical problem. Majority of thyroid nodules are benign whereas less than 5% are malignant. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a commonly used method in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions with some limitations.
Aim The objective was to assess the precision of FNAC in identifying thyroid lesions.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 patients with thyroid lesions who underwent preoperative FNAC followed by surgical resection. Data collection took place from January 2017 to December 2022 and included demographic information such as age, gender, and chief complaint. Cytological and histopathologic diagnoses were obtained from pathology reports. The correlation between histopathological diagnosis and preoperative FNAC results was assessed for each patient in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and diagnostic accuracy. The data were presented as frequencies and percentages.
Results The diagnosis by FNAC was correlated with histopathology. The analysis showed that FNAC had a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 91%, PPV of 80%, and NPV of 97%. However, the overall accuracy in this study was determined to be 92%.
Conclusion As a tool for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid lesions, FNAC was proved in our laboratory to be sensitive and specific with a high accuracy rate.
How Flow Diverter Selection Can Affect the Flow Changes within a Jailed Ophthalmic Artery: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study
Authors: Ünsal Can , Güçlü Görkem , Olcay Ali Bahadir , Hassankhani Amir , Bilgin Cem , Hakyemez Bahattin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Flow diverter (FD) stents are widely used to treat giant aneurysms by reducing blood flow into the aneurysm sac. However, choosing the optimal FD for a patient can be challenging when a nearby artery, such as the ophthalmic artery (OA), is jailed by the FD placement. This study compares the impact of two FD stents with different effective metal surface area (EMSA) values on OA occlusion.
Materials and Methods A numerical model of a 59-year-old female patient with a giant aneurysm in the left internal carotid artery and a jailed OA was created based on clinical data. Two FD stents, FRED4017 and FRED4518, with different EMSA values at the aneurysm neck and OA inlet, were virtually deployed in the model. Blood flow and occlusion amount in the OA were simulated and compared between the two FD stents.
Results FRED4017 had higher EMSA values than FRED4518 at the aneurysm neck (35% vs. 24.6%) and lower EMSA values at the OA inlet (15% vs. 21.2%). FRED4017 caused more occlusion in the OA than FRED4518 (40% vs. 28%), indicating a higher risk of ocular ischemic syndrome.
Conclusion The EMSA value of FD stents affects the blood flow and occlusion amount in the jailed OA. Therefore, selecting an FD stent with a low EMSA value at the OA inlet may be beneficial for patients with a nearby jailed artery at the aneurysm neck.
The Old: Is There Any Role for Screening Colonoscopy after the Age of 75? The Surgeon's Perspective
Authors: Khan Imran , Belkovsky Mikhael , Gorgun Emre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGuidelines recommend individualized decision making for screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients after the age of 75 years due to low additional benefits. That should be taken with a grain of salt, as these recommendations are based on expert opinion and simulation models which do not consider (1) the differences in pathogenesis and cancer biology of CRC in elderly; (2) the risks of colonoscopy in this patient population; (3) and the impact of new surgical and nonsurgical therapies for CRC. In this review, our goal is to bring a surgeon's perspective to understand the role of screening colonoscopy in patients older than 75 years.