bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting endocannabinoid signaling in tumor‐associated macrophages as treatment for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Fung Susan , Stella Nephi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain tumor and is diagnosed in approximately 15,000 people each year in the United States alone. No cure for this type of cancer exists, and the current standard of care treatments provide little benefit and are associated with debilitating side effects. Recent evidence shows that a large number of tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) invade the GBM tumor mass and secrete factors that directly and indirectly promote tumor growth. TAMs express a panel of unique receptors that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit. One such receptor, cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), is a member of the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system, and its activation has been shown to tightly control the migration and phenotype of both macrophages and microglia. Additional receptors, also engaged by eCBs and cannabinoid‐like compounds, are expressed by macrophages and microglia. These receptors also control cell migration and phenotype, but exhibit distinct pharmacological profiles and operate through a different mechanism of action. Strong evidence accumulated over the past decade indicates that membrane receptors expressed by TAMs represent novel targeting opportunities to treat GBM tumor progression. Here we review studies that significantly increased our understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of receptors engaged by eCBs and cannabinoid‐like compounds expressed by GBM tumor cells and TAMs. This evidence provides a strong rationale for developing new therapeutics that target the eCB signaling of TAMs for the treatment of GBM while minimizing the typical side effects associated with standard care. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2014,3:39–51. doi: 10.1002/wmts.101Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Recent advances in computational methodology for simulation of mechanical circulatory assist devices
Authors: Marsden Alison L. , Bazilevs Yuri , Long Christopher C. , Behr Marek 
Published: January 2014

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide mechanical circulatory support to offload the work of one or both ventricles during heart failure. They are used in the clinical setting as destination therapy, as bridge to transplant, or more recently as bridge to recovery to allow for myocardial remodeling. Recent developments in computational simulation allow for detailed assessment of VAD hemodynamics for device design and optimization for both children and adults. Here, we provide a focused review of the recent literature on finite element methods and optimization for VAD simulations. As VAD designs typically fall into two categories, pulsatile and continuous flow devices, we separately address computational challenges of both types of designs, and the interaction with the circulatory system with three representative case studies. In particular, we focus on recent advancements in finite element methodology that have increased the fidelity of VAD simulations. We outline key challenges, which extend to the incorporation of biological response such as thrombosis and hemolysis, as well as shape optimization methods and challenges in computational methodology. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:169–188. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1260This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Surgical Resident Experience in Breast Disease: A National Study
Authors: Cil Tulin , Wright Frances , Holloway Claire M. B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundManagement of breast disease is an integral component of general surgery. This study was performed to describe the exposure to breast disease by residents in Canadian general surgery programs.MethodsThis study involved a 20‐item survey and pilot semistructured interviews. Surgical trainees at 12 training programs in Canada participated in the survey. Results were used to characterize resident experience with breast surgery and clinics.ResultsResidents across all post‐graduate training years and from 12 Canadian medical schools responded (n = 162, 44 %). Residents had the most breast surgery experience in PGY2 and PGY3 years. One third of trainees performed ≤1 breast procedure per month. Only 25 % had attended more than one breast clinic per month. Lumpectomies were the most common procedure (20.7/year) and 94 % of residents performed sentinel lymph node biopsy. Four pilot semistructured interviews were performed. The greatest stated barriers to breast training were “lack of time” and the impression that these were “lower priority cases.”ConclusionsAchieving competence in breast disease management is a key requirement for general surgery trainees. Surgical educators must ensure that the quality and quantity of residency training in breast diseases is sufficient for future surgeons to provide optimal patient care.
Lynch Syndrome Patients’ Views of and Preferences for Return of Results Following Whole Exome Sequencing
Authors: Hitch Kelly , Joseph Galen , Guiltinan Jenna , Kianmahd Jessica , Youngblom Janey , Blanco Amie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) uses next generation sequencing technology to provide information on nearly all functional, protein‐coding regions in an individual's genome. Due to the vast amount of information and incidental findings that can be generated from this technology, patient preferences must be investigated to help clinicians consent and return results to patients. Patients (n = 19) who were previously clinically diagnosed with Lynch syndrome, but received uninformative negative Lynch syndrome genetic results through traditional molecular testing methods participated in semi‐structured interviews after WES testing but before return of results to explore their views of WES and preferences for return of results. Analyses of interview results found that nearly all participants believed that the benefits of receiving all possible results generated from WES outweighed the undesirable effects. The majority of participants conveyed that relative to coping with a cancer diagnosis, information generated from WES would be manageable. Importantly, participants’ experience with Lynch syndrome influenced their notions of genetic determinism, tolerance for uncertain results, and family communication plans. Participants would prefer to receive WES results in person from a genetic counselor or medical geneticist so that an expert could help explain the meaning and implications of the potentially large quantity and range of complicated results. These results underscore the need to study various populations with regard to the clinical use of WES in order to effectively and empathetically communicate the possible implications of this new technology and return results.
A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Night Splinting with No Splinting after Treatment of Mallet Finger
Authors: Gruber Jillian S. , Bot Arjan G. J. , Ring David 
Published: January 2014

Background The effectiveness of night splinting after treatment of mallet finger is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that there is no difference in extensor lag between patients with mallet finger that wear a night splint for an additional month after 6 to 8 weeks of continuous splinting and patients that do not wear a night splint. Methods Fifty-one patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. At enrollment, range of motion was measured for the injured and contralateral uninjured finger. The follow-up was conducted approximately 4 weeks later in person (41 patients) or by phone (10 patients). Analysis was by intention to treat. Results There were no significant differences in final extensor lag between patients that did and did not receive a night splint. Among the 41 patients with a final in-person evaluation, the final average extensor lag was 14°, and 34 % (14 of 41 patients) had a lag of 20° or greater. Final extensor lag correlated significantly with age, enrollment distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) flexion and extensor lag, and final DIP flexion, with the latter two accounting for 28 % of the variation in final lag in the final multivariable model ( p<0.001). There were no differences in disability ( p=0.67) or treatment satisfaction ( p=0.48) between patients that did and did not use night splints. Conclusions Supplemental night splinting does not improve the outcome of mallet finger in terms of extensor lag, disability, or satisfaction with treatment. Patients with worse initial extensor lags should expect worse final lags; residual lags of 20° or greater are commonplace.
Maternal Consumption of trans‐Fatty Acids During the First Half of Gestation are Metabolically Available to Suckled Newborn Rats
Authors: Amusquivar Encarnacíón , Sánchez‐Blanco Clara , Clayton Jaime , Cammarata Giulia , Herrera Emilio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDietary trans‐fatty acids (t‐FA) during pregnancy have adverse effects on growth and development. To determine the effect of dietary t‐FA during just the first half of pregnancy, rats were given a diet containing 8 % hydrogenated peanut oil and 2 % olive oil (PO) and compared to rats given a diet containing 10 % olive oil (OO). After 12 days all rats were fed standard diet and were studied at days 12 or 20 of pregnancy or days 1 or 6 postpartum. At day 12 of pregnancy there were small differences in the plasma and lumbar adipose tissue fatty acid profiles and elaidic acid [18:1(n‐9)t] was present in the PO group. From day 12 to 20 of pregnancy, plasma non‐esterified fatty acids, glycerol, triacylglycerols (TAG) and most individual fatty acids increased more in PO than in OO. At day 20 of pregnancy in the PO group most plasma elaidic acid appeared as plasma TAG and was also present in the mammary gland, to decline in both sites at day 1 postpartum. Elaidic acid concentration was low in the plasma of 20‐day fetuses, increased in 1‐day newborns declining at day 6. Thus t‐FA, eaten during early pregnancy, accumulated in maternal adipose tissue and were released during late pregnancy to be taken up by the mammary gland becoming available to the newborns during suckling.
Impact of Dual-Polarization Radar Technology and Twitter on the Hattiesburg, Mississippi Tornado
Authors: Cates Alexis L. , Arnold Brent W. , Cooper Guy Paul , Yeager Violet , Stake Josh , Ali Mohammed , Calderone Richard C. , Wilkinson James , Hsu Edbert , Parrillo Steven , Piper Steven , Subbarao Italo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveDual-Polarization Radar and Twitter were analyzed to determine the impact on injuries sustained by the Hattiesburg EF-4 tornado.MethodTracking data provided from the Dual-Pol radar systems in National Weather Service Jackson were reviewed. Twitter data from four local Twitter handles were obtained. The change in tweets and followers for the day of the storm were compared to historical averages. A Student t-test was utilized in determining statistical significance (p<0.05). Medical records from two local emergency departments were reviewed for patients treated up to 24 hours after the tornado. An Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated for trauma records related to the tornado.ResultsRadar detection of the tornado gave approximately 30 minutes of advanced warning time. Statistical significance in follower growth was seen in all four Twitter handles. Out of 50 patients, the average ISS was 3.9 with a range of 1 to 29. There were zero fatalities.ConclusionsAn ISS average of 3.9 was significantly less than two previous tornadoes of similar strength that occurred prior to increased usage of Dual-pol radar and Twitter as a means for communicating severe weather information. Early detection from Dual-pol radar improved warning time. Tweets informed citizens to seek appropriate shelter. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:585-592)
Is non-evidential believing possible? John Bishop on passionally caused beliefs
Authors: EKLUND DAN-JOHAN 
Published: January 2014

AbstractJohn Bishop and Andrei Buckareff have discussed in this journal Bishop's conception of faith, which he has later included in his Believing by Faith (2007). One key question concerned the possibility of believing on inconclusive evidence. Bishop suggested that beliefs may have non-evidential, passional causes that can sustain belief even if what is believed lacks adequate evidential support. Buckareff took a critical stance towards Bishop's claim. In this article I shall expand and defend Buckareff's central claims against Bishop's answer to the criticism as well as his revised view in Believing by Faith. My aim is to show that while beliefs may at times be caused by passional factors, it is doubtful that such beliefs could be sustained in full awareness. In general, I will argue that conscious non-evidential believing is not possible.
FAILURE TO LAUNCH: COST OF LIVING AND LIVING STANDARDS IN PERU DURING THE 19THCENTURY
Authors: Arroyo Abad Leticia 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBased on a variety of archival sources, this paper presents estimations for cost of living and living standards for Lima, Peru during the 19thcentury. During this century Peru experienced deep swings in economic activity marked by the independence wars, the War of the Pacific, and a commodity boom. These new series show that a sizable inflationary period during the guano age had dampening effects on the living standards of the popular class. While living standards peaked by mid 1850s, GDP per capita did not do so until two decades later. These results suggest that the guano bonanza failed to lift working-class living standards above subsistence levels. Even though living standards climbed steadily, almost reaching those of England, all these gains were lost by the end of the century.
X-ray powder diffraction data of the antifungal agents, clotrimazole and fluconazole monohydrate
Authors: Dugarte A. , Contreras J. , Díaz de Delgado G. , Delgado J.M. , Pinto J.L. , Henao J.A. 
Published: January 2014

Clotrimazole (C22H17ClN2, 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)(diphenyl)methyl]-1H-imidazole) and fluconazole (C13H12F2N6, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol) are two active pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The X-ray powder diffraction data and the unit cell parameters of anhydrous clotrimazole [Triclinic, P${\bar 1}$, a = 8.776(1) Å, b = 10.571(2) Å, c = 10.622(3) Å, α = 114.08(2)°, β = 96.87(2)°, γ = 97.61(2)°, V = 875.2(2) Å3, Z = 2] and monohydrated fluconazole [Triclinic, P${\bar 1}$, a = 5.6353(4) Å, b = 11.753(1) Å, c = 12.326(1) Å, α = 71.220(8)°, β = 79.896(9)°, γ = 84.35(1)°, V = 760.13(9) Å3, Z = 2] are reported.
Long-term sequelae of subclinical depressive symptoms in early adolescence
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Chango Joanna , Szwedo David , Schad Megan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe long-term sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms were examined in a multimethod, multireporter study of a diverse community sample of 179 adolescents followed from age 14 to 24. Mild to moderate levels of early adolescent depressive symptoms were found to predict lower maternal relationship quality, less positive interactions with romantic partners, and greater loneliness in adulthood even after accounting for prior levels of social functioning and for concurrent levels of adult depressive symptoms. Predictions were partially mediated via late adolescent avoidance of social interactions and poor maternal relationship quality. Results are interpreted as suggesting the potential impact of depressive symptoms on adolescent social development and the need to consider treatment for even mild symptoms and their social concomitants.
Lasting associations between early-childhood temperament and late-adolescent reward-circuitry response to peer feedback
Authors: Guyer Amanda E. , Benson Brenda , Choate Victoria R. , Bar-Haim Yair , Perez-Edgar Koraly , Jarcho Johanna M. , Pine Daniel S. , Ernst Monique , Fox Nathan A. , Nelson Eric E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBehavioral inhibition, a temperament identifiable in infancy, is associated with heightened withdrawal from social encounters. Prior studies raise particular interest in the striatum, which responds uniquely to monetary gains in behaviorally inhibited children followed into adolescence. Although behavioral manifestations of inhibition are expressed primarily in the social domain, it remains unclear whether observed striatal alterations to monetary incentives also extend to social contexts. In the current study, imaging data were acquired from 39 participants (17 males, 22 females; ages 16–18 years) characterized since infancy on measures of behavioral inhibition. A social evaluation task was used to assess neural response to anticipation and receipt of positive and negative feedback from novel peers, classified by participants as being of high or low interest. As with monetary rewards, striatal response patterns differed during both anticipation and receipt of social reward between behaviorally inhibited and noninhibited adolescents. The current results, when combined with prior findings, suggest that early-life temperament predicts altered striatal response in both social and nonsocial contexts and provide support for continuity between temperament measured in early childhood and neural response to social signals measured in late adolescence and early adulthood.
Primitive intrapericardial teratoma associated with yolk sac tumour
Authors: Cetrano Enrico , Polito Angelo , Carotti Adriano 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn intrapericardial vacuolated mass compressing and displacing the heart was diagnosed by echocardiography in a foetus of 22 weeks gestation. The birth was induced for early signs of foetal distress at 29 weeks and, after two initial pericardial evacuation procedures, the tumour was resected radically 7 days after birth at a weight of 1.55 kg. Mass histology showed teratoma associated with yolk sac tumour. We comment on the overall approach adopted after foetal diagnosis and the histopathological features of the tumour, and try to draw conclusions on patient outcome data.
A Nanoscale Characterization with Electron Microscopy of Multilayered CrAlYN Coatings: A Singular Functional Nanostructure
Authors: Rojas Teresa C. , Domínguez-Meister Santiago , Brizuela Marta , García-Luis Alberto , Fernández Asunción , Sánchez-López Juan Carlos 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques and spatially resolved microanalysis is used to investigate the nanostructure, constituting phases, and chemical elemental distribution in CrAlYN multilayered coatings. The location of the metallic elements and their chemical state are needed to understand their functional properties. Samples were prepared with variable Al (4–12 at%) and Y (2–5 at%) contents by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates using metallic targets and Ar/N2 mixtures under different deposition parameters (power applied to the target and rotation speed of the sample holder). The changes produced in the nanostructure and chemical distribution were investigated. Nanoscale resolution electron microscopy analysis has shown that these coatings present a singular nanostructure formed by multilayers containing at a certain periodicity nanovoids filled with molecular nitrogen. Spatially resolved energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss elemental mappings and profiles showed that the chromium, aluminum, and yttrium atoms are distributed in a sequential way following the position of the targets inside the deposition chamber. Analysis of the different atomic distribution and phases formed at the nanoscale is discussed depending on the deposition parameters.
Atomic Structure of Luminescent Centers in High-Efficiency Ce-doped w-AlN Single Crystal
Authors: Ishikawa Ryo , Lupini Andrew R. , Oba Fumiyasu , Findlay Scott D. , Shibata Naoya , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Sakai Toshifumi , Tanaka Isao , Ikuhara Yuichi , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRare-earth doped wurtzite-type aluminum nitride (w-AlN) has great potential for high-efficiency electroluminescent applications over a wide wavelength range. However, because of their large atomic size, it has been difficult to stably dope individual rare-earth atoms into the w-AlN host lattice. Here we use a reactive flux method under high pressure and high temperature to obtain cerium (Ce) doped w-AlN single crystals with pink-colored luminescence. In order to elucidate the atomic structure of the luminescent centers, we directly observe individual Ce dopants in w-AlN using annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. We find that Ce is incorporated as single, isolated atoms inside the w-AlN lattice occupying Al substitutional sites. This new synthesis method represents a new alternative strategy for doping size-mismatched functional atoms into wide band-gap materials.
Internal iliac and uterine arteries Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of normotensive and chronic hypertensive pregnant women
Authors: Guedes-Martins L. , Cunha A. , Saraiva J. , Gaio R. , Macedo F. , Almeida H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe objective of this work was to compare Doppler flows pulsatility index (PI) and resistance indexes (RI) of uterine and internal iliac arteries during pregnancy in low risk women and in those with stage-1 essential hypertension. From January 2010 and December 2012, a longitudinal and prospective study was carried out in 103 singleton uneventful pregnancies (72 low-risk pregnancies and 31 with stage 1 essential hypertension)at the 1st, 2ndand 3rdtrimesters. Multiple linear regression models, fitted using generalized least squares and whose errors were allowed to be correlated and/or have unequal variances, were employed; a model for the relative differences of both arteries impedance was utilized. In both groups, uterine artery PI and RI exhibited a gestational age related decreasing trend whereas internal iliac artery PI and RI increased. The model testing the hemodynamic adaptation in women with and without hypertension showed similar trend. Irrespective of blood pressure conditions, the internal iliac artery resistance pattern contrasts with the capacitance pattern of its immediate pelvic division, suggesting a pregnancy-related regulatory mechanism in the pelvic circulation.
Drivers of change in landholder capacity to manage natural resources
Authors: Jacobs Brent C. , Brown Peter R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA program to monitor the capacity for improved natural resource management (NRM) of land managers was implemented under a state-scale monitoring, evaluation and reporting (MER) strategy. We demonstrate detection of change in natural resource (NR) manager capacity by reassessing two groups of landholders at different locations in New South Wales (NSW), Australia that had previously participated in a baseline assessment of capacity for state-wide MER purposes. NR manager capacity in NSW over three years responded to the external influences of the end of a long-term drought, to changes in institutional arrangements that altered the way NRM funding was distributed to regions by the Australian Government and to local investment in capacity building.