bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Transfer of Chirality, Thermodynamic Stability, and Folding Characteristics of Stereoisomeric Gated Baskets
Authors: Hu Lei , Polen Shane , Hardin Alex M. , Pratumyot Yaowalak , Hadad Christopher M. , Badjić Jovica D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have prepared and characterized chiral and gated baskets (P/M)‐2, each containing a twisted P or M platform and three amidopyridine gates at the rim. Racemic (P/M)‐2 was found (1H NMR and IR spectroscopy) to stay monomeric in CDCl3 at 298.0 K with the gates forming a seam of intramolecular N–H···N hydrogen bonds. In particular, the amidopyridine gates assume a unidirectional orientation, as directed by the twisted platform, that is, the P‐shaped cup sets the amidopyridine gates in a counterclockwise (–) orientation of intramolecular N–H···N hydrogen bonds (VT 1H/13C NMR and M06‐2X/6‐31G*). The folded form of spacious (355 Å3) and chiral (P/M)‐2 undergoes an unfolding process in the presence of the polar [D6]DMSO solvent; specifically, with around 25 vol.‐% of [D6]DMSO, the N–H···N hydrogen bonds at the rim are broken, thereby allowing a stochastic rotation of the amidopyridine gates about the rim. Interestingly, the thermal stability of folded (P/M)‐2 is good with only a small fraction of unfolded state(s) forming at 104 °C in o‐xylene.
Social cognition and the cerebellum: A meta‐analytic connectivity analysis
Authors: Van Overwalle Frank , D'aes Tine , Mariën Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis meta‐analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) study explores the functional connectivity of the cerebellum with the cerebrum in social cognitive processes. In a recent meta‐analysis, Van Overwalle, Baetens, Mariën, and Vandekerckhove () documented that the cerebellum is implicated in social processes of “body” reading (mirroring; e.g., understanding other persons' intentions from observing their movements) and “mind” reading (mentalizing, e.g., inferring other persons' beliefs, intentions or personality traits, reconstructing persons' past, future, or hypothetical events). In a recent functional connectivity study, Buckner et al. () offered a novel parcellation of cerebellar topography that substantially overlaps with the cerebellar meta‐analytic findings of Van Overwalle et al. (). This overlap suggests that the involvement of the cerebellum in social reasoning depends on its functional connectivity with the cerebrum. To test this hypothesis, we explored the meta‐analytic co‐activations as indices of functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the cerebrum during social cognition. The MACM results confirm substantial and distinct connectivity with respect to the functions of (a) action understanding (“body” reading) and (b) mentalizing (“mind” reading). The consistent and strong connectivity findings of this analysis suggest that cerebellar activity during social judgments reflects distinct mirroring and mentalizing functionality, and that these cerebellar functions are connected with corresponding functional networks in the cerebrum. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5137–5154, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LTP enhances synaptogenesis in the developing hippocampus
Authors: Watson Deborah J. , Ostroff Linnaea , Cao Guan , Parker Patrick H. , Smith Heather , Harris Kristen M. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn adult hippocampus, long‐term potentiation (LTP) produces synapse enlargement while preventing the formation of new small dendritic spines. Here, we tested how LTP affects structural synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA1 of Long‐Evans rats at postnatal day 15 (P15). P15 is an age of robust synaptogenesis when less than 35% of dendritic spines have formed. We hypothesized that LTP might therefore have a different effect on synapse structure than in adults. Theta‐burst stimulation (TBS) was used to induce LTP at one site and control stimulation was delivered at an independent site, both within s. radiatum of the same hippocampal slice. Slices were rapidly fixed at 5, 30, and 120 min after TBS, and processed for analysis by three‐dimensional reconstruction from serial section electron microscopy (3DEM). All findings were compared to hippocampus that was perfusion‐fixed (PF) in vivo at P15. Excitatory and inhibitory synapses on dendritic spines and shafts were distinguished from synaptic precursors, including filopodia and surface specializations. The potentiated response plateaued between 5 and 30 min and remained potentiated prior to fixation. TBS resulted in more small spines relative to PF by 30 min. This TBS‐related spine increase lasted 120 min, hence, there were substantially more small spines with LTP than in the control or PF conditions. In contrast, control test pulses resulted in spine loss relative to PF by 120 min, but not earlier. The findings provide accurate new measurements of spine and synapse densities and sizes. The added or lost spines had small synapses, took time to form or disappear, and did not result in elevated potentiation or depression at 120 min. Thus, at P15 the spines formed following TBS, or lost with control stimulation, appear to be functionally silent. With TBS, existing synapses were awakened and then new spines formed as potential substrates for subsequent plasticity. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Priming for novel object associations: Neural differences from object item priming and equivalent forms of recognition
Authors: Gomes Carlos Alexandre , Figueiredo Patrícia , Mayes Andrew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe neural substrates of associative and item priming and recognition were investigated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study over two separate sessions. In the priming session, participants decided which object of a pair was bigger during both study and test phases. In the recognition session, participants saw different object pairs and performed the same size‐judgement task followed by an associative recognition memory task. Associative priming was accompanied by reduced activity in the right middle occipital gyrus as well as in bilateral hippocampus. Object item priming was accompanied by reduced activity in extensive priming‐related areas in the bilateral occipitotemporofrontal cortex, as well as in the perirhinal cortex, but not in the hippocampus. Associative recognition was characterized by activity increases in regions linked to recollection, such as the hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, anterior medial frontal gyrus and posterior parahippocampal cortex. Item object priming and recognition recruited broadly overlapping regions (e.g., bilateral middle occipital and prefrontal cortices, left fusiform gyrus), even though the BOLD response was in opposite directions. These regions along with the precuneus, where both item priming and recognition were accompanied by activation, have been found to respond to object familiarity. The minimal structural overlap between object associative priming and recollection‐based associative recognition suggests that they depend on largely different stimulus‐related information and that the different directions of the effects indicate distinct retrieval mechanisms. In contrast, item priming and familiarity‐based recognition seemed mainly based on common memory information, although the extent of common processing between priming and familiarity remains unclear. Further implications of these findings are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glacial and periglacial floodplain sediments regulate hydrologic transfer of reactive iron to a high arctic fjord
Authors: Hodson Andrew , Nowak Aga , Christiansen Hanne 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe transport of reactive iron (i.e. colloidal and dissolved) by a glacier‐fed stream system draining a high relief periglacial landscape in the high Arctic archipelago of Svalbard is described. A negative, non‐linear relationship between discharge and iron concentration is found, indicative of increased iron acquisition along baseflow pathways. Because the glaciers are cold‐based and there are no intra‐ or sub‐permafrost groundwater springs, baseflow is principally supplied by the active layer and the colluvial and alluvial sediments in the lower valley. Collectively, these environments increase the flux of iron in the stream by 40% over a floodplain length of just 8 km, resulting in 6 kg Fe km−2a−1 of reactive iron export for a 20% glacierized watershed. We show that pyrite oxidation in shallow‐groundwater flowpaths of the floodplain is the most important source of reactive iron, although it is far less influential in the upper parts of the catchment where other sources are significant (including ironstone and secondary oxide coatings). Microbial catalysis of the pyrite oxidation occurs in the floodplain, enabling rapid, hyporheic water exchange to enhance the iron fluxes at high discharge and cause the non‐linear relationship between discharge and reactive iron concentrations. Furthermore, because the pyrite oxidation is tightly coupled to carbonate and silicate mineral weathering, other nutrients such as base cations and silica are also released to the stream system. Our work therefore shows that high Arctic floodplains should be regarded as critically important regulators of terrestrial nutrient fluxes to coastal ecosystems from glacial and periglacial sources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copper‐transporting ATPases: The evolutionarily conserved machineries for balancing copper in living systems
Authors: Migocka Magdalena 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCopper ATPases (Cu‐ATPases) are ubiquitous transmembrane proteins using energy from ATP to transport copper across different biological membranes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. As they belong to the P‐ATPase family, Cu‐ATPases contain a characteristic catalytic domain with an evolutionarily conserved aspartate residue phosphorylated by ATP to form a phosphoenzyme intermediate, as well as transmembrane helices containing a cation‐binding cysteine‐proline‐cysteine/histidine/serine (CPx) motif for catalytic activation and cation translocation. In addition, most Cu‐ATPases possess the N‐terminal Cu‐binding CxxC motif required for regulation of enzyme activity. In cells, the Cu‐ATPases receive copper from soluble chaperones and maintain intracellular copper homeostasis by efflux of copper from the cell or transport of the metal into the intracellular compartments. In addition, copper pumps play an essential role in cuproprotein biosynthesis by the uptake of copper into the cell or delivery of the metal into the chloroplasts and thylakoid lumen or into the lumen of the secretory pathway, where the metal ion is incorporated into copper‐dependent enzymes. In the recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the function and regulation of Cu‐transporting ATPases in archaea, bacteria, yeast, humans, and plants, providing new insights into the specific physiological roles of these essential proteins in various organisms and revealing some conservative regulatory mechanisms of Cu‐ATPase activity. In this review, the structural, biochemical, and functional properties of Cu‐ATPases from phylogenetically different organisms are summarized and discussed, with particular attention given to the recent insights into the molecular biology of copper pumps in plants. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(10):737–745, 2015
Biocompatibility of common polyimides with human endothelial cells for a cardiovascular microsensor
Authors: Starr Peter , Agrawal C. Mauli , Bailey Steven 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe cardiovasculature is an emerging niche for polyimide microdevices, yet the biocompatibility of polyimides with human endothelial cells has not been reported in the literature. In this study, we have evaluated an experimental polyimide‐based pressure sensor for biological safety to determine its suitability for intravascular operation by using an in vitro model of human endothelium, following ISO 10993‐5 protocols for extract tests and direct contact tests. First, SV‐HCEC cells were incubated with extracts derived from common microfabrication polyimides utilized in the transducer (PMDA‐ODA, BPDA‐PPD, and a proprietary thermoplastic adhesive), and then labeled with selective probes to evaluate the effect of the polyimides on mitochondria and cell viability. Flow cytometry analysis showed that incubation of SV‐HCECs with polyimide extracts resulted in no significant change in mitochondrial membrane potential (detected by JC‐1) or apoptotic (annexin V) and necrotic (propidium iodide) cell death, when compared to incubation with extracts of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and untreated cells used as negative controls. Second, primary human endothelial cells were incubated in direct contact with the completed sensor and then labeled with selective probes for live‐dead analysis (calcein‐AM, ethidium homodimer‐1). Endothelial cells showed no loss of viability when compared to negative controls. Combined, the studies show no significant change in early markers of stress or more strict markers of viability in endothelial cells treated with the polyimides tested. We conclude that these common microfabrication polyimides and the derived sensor are not cytotoxic to human endothelial cells, the primary cell type that cardiovascular sensors will contact in vivo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 406–412, 2016.
Heterogeneity of biomaterial‐induced multinucleated giant cells: Possible importance for the regeneration process?
Authors: Barbeck Mike , Motta Antonella , Migliaresi Claudio , Sader Robert , Kirkpatrick Charles James , Ghanaati Shahram 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBiomaterial‐associated multinucleated giant cells (BMGCs) have been found within the implantation beds of many different biomaterials. However, their exact differentiation and their involvement in the inflammatory and healing events of the foreign body response still remain mostly unclear. Silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, which induces a tissue reaction involving both macrophages and BMGCs, was implanted in the subcutaneous connective tissue of four CD‐1 mice for 15 days using an established subcutaneous implantation model. Analysis of macrophage polarization and BMGCs was performed by immunohistochemcial detection of pro‐ (cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), C‐C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), nuclear factor “kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer” (NF‐κB)) and anti‐(heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and mannose receptor (MR, also known as CD206)). Furthermore, histochemical detection of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was conducted to test its predictive efficiency for the pro‐inflammatory differentiation of cells. An established system for histomorphometrical analysis was used for counting of BMGCs expressing these molecules. The results show that BMGCs express both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory molecules within the implantation beds of SF scaffolds in comparable numbers, while only statistically significantly lower numbers of TRAP‐positive BMGCs were measured in comparison to the BMGCs expressing the above‐mentioned molecules. As these data substantiate the heterogeneity of BMGCs, the question arises to what extent BMGCs can “support” the process of tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the data prompt the question to what extent TRAP‐expression within a biomaterial implantation bed can be seen as a predictive marker for an inflammatory condition, as in this study no obvious correlation between TRAP‐expression and other pro‐inflammatory markers could be observed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 413–418, 2016.
Injectable hydrogel provides growth‐permissive environment for human nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Priyadarshani Priyanka , Li Yongchao , Yang ShangYou , Yao Li 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDegeneration of intervertebral discs (IVDs) results in an overall alteration of the biomechanics of the spinal column and becomes a major cause of low back pain. In this study, an injectable hydrogel composite is fabricated and characterized as a potential scaffold for the treatment of degenerated IVDs. Crosslinking of type II collagen‐hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with 1‐ethyl‐3(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) increases the gel stability against collagenase digestion and reduces water uptake in comparison with non‐crosslinked gel. Cell viability assay exhibits the proliferation of human nucleus pulposus (HNP) cells in hydrogels. The cells in non‐crosslinked gel and the gel crosslinked with a low concentration of EDC (0.1 mM) show superior cell viability and morphology compared with cells in gels crosslinked with higher concentration of EDC. Quantitative PCR assay demonstrates the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) by cells cultured in the gels. The expression of ECM genes by HNP cells in the gels demonstrated the phenotypic change of the cells. This study suggests that the type II collagen‐HA hydrogel and crosslinked hydrogel (0.1 mMEDC) are permissive matrix for the growth of HNP cells and can be potentially applied in NP repair. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 419–426, 2016.
The effect of noninvasive brain stimulation on neural connectivity in Tinnitus: A randomized trial
Authors: Roland Lauren T. , Peelle Jonathan E. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Nicklaus Joyce , Piccirillo Jay F. 
Published: September 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo explore neural connectivity changes associated with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the temporoparietal junction for patients with bothersome tinnitus.Study DesignRandomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial.MethodsThirty patients with subjective, nonpulsatile tinnitus for 6 months duration or longer and a score of 36 or greater on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory completed the study. Participants were randomized to receive either sham or active treatment with rTMS to the temporoparietal junction for either 2 or 4 weeks of therapy. Participants underwent resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging before therapy and immediately following treatment. Functional connectivity changes between active and sham treatment groups were compared using regions of interest in auditory, default mode, ventral attention, and executive attention networks.ResultsSixteen patients received active rTMS treatment; 14 patients received sham treatment. There were no differences between the active and sham groups in baseline functional connectivity. Neither treatment with rTMS nor sham therapy resulted in statistically significant functional connectivity changes in the examined brain networks.ConclusionsThe analysis did not identify any changes in neural connectivity following treatment in patients with bothersome tinnitus. These results are consistent with our findings of lack of symptom changes previously reported in the same group of patients. Measures of neural connectivity may inform future work using rTMS to better understand the possible benefits of neural stimulation for tinnitus.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 126:1201–1206, 2016
Elective free flap revision in the head and neck cancer patient: Indications and outcomes
Authors: Garg Ravi K. , Poore Samuel O. , Wieland Aaron M. , Mcculloch Timothy M. , Hartig Gregory K. 
Published: September 2015

Elective free flap revision among head and neck cancer patients remains poorly characterized. This study evaluates patients who underwent flap revision and their surgical outcomes. Patients who underwent tumor extirpation with free flap reconstruction were identified over a 5‐year period. Elective flap revision was defined as debulking or redraping of the original free flap for functional or cosmetic reasons. Patient demographics, surgical indications, and outcomes were reviewed. One hundred and eighty‐six patients were identified, and 19 (10.2%) underwent flap revision. Revision of oral cavity flaps (n = 9, 47.4%) was performed to address excessive flap bulk compromising lip competence, speech, swallowing, mastication, or placement of a dental prosthesis. Revision of flaps resurfacing the face or neck (n = 10, 52.6%) was performed to address facial ptosis after facial nerve sacrifice, facial asymmetry, or soft tissue redundancy. Revisions were performed at an average of 7.3 months postoperatively and there was no age or gender bias toward undergoing flap revision. Patients whose flap skin paddles were used to resurface the facial or neck skin were significantly more likely to undergo elective revision than patients with an external paddle designed for flap monitoring (p < 0.01). We identified a 10% elective revision rate for head and neck free flaps in cancer patients, approximately half of which were performed to improve oral cavity function and half of which were performed to address facial ptosis or asymmetry. While there was no age or gender preference for flap revision, extensive facial or neck resurfacing was significantly associated with eventual flap revision. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:591–595, 2015.
Influence of adiponectin gene variants and plasma fatty acids on systemic inflammation state association–A cross‐sectional population‐based study, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Maintinguer Norde Marina , Oki Érica , de Castro Inar Alves , Pacheco Souza José Maria , Teixeira Damasceno Nágila Raquel , Mara Fisberg Regina , Lobo Marchioni Dirce Maria , Macedo Rogero Marcelo 
Published: September 2015

ScopeInteractions between adiponectin genetic variants and plasma fatty acid profile can modulate plasma inflammatory biomarker concentration and the risk for metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene and plasma fatty acid profile in modulating the odds for systemic inflammation in a cross‐sectional population‐based study.Methods and resultsInflammatory patterns comprised 11 inflammatory biomarkers. Among participants of the Health Survey of São Paulo, 262 adults (19–59 years) met the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, plasma inflammatory biomarker concentration, and fatty acid profile were measured and five single nucleotide polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene (rs2241766, rs1501299, rs16861209, rs17300539, and rs266729) genotyped. Individuals in the upper 50th percentile for plasma araquidonic acid, n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acid and estimated delta‐5‐desaturase activity, had reduced odds of being in the inflammatory cluster (OR (95% CI) = 0.55 (0.32–0.95), 0.50 (0.28–0.88) and 0.48 (0.28–0.83), respectively). Gene‐plasma fatty acid profile interaction was found between rs2241766 and n‐3 (p = 0.019), rs16861209 and araquidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid (p = 0.044, p = 0.037, respectively), and rs17300539 and saturated fatty acid (p = 0.019).ConclusionPlasma fatty acid profile can interact with adiponectin gene variants to modulate the risk for systemic inflammatory state.