bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and environmental determinants of bone quality: a cross-sectional analysis of the Hungarian Twin Registry
Authors: Mészáros Szilvia , Piroska Márton , Leel-Őssy Tamás , Tárnoki Ádám Domonkos , Tárnoki Dávid László , Jokkel Zsófia , Szabó Helga , Hosszú Éva , Csupor Emőke , Kollár Réka , Kézdi Árpád , Tabák Ádám G. , Horváth Csaba 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is abundant evidence that bone mineral content is highly heritable, while the heritability of bone quality (i.e. trabecular bone score [TBS] and quantitative ultrasound index [QUI]) is rarely investigated. We aimed to disentangle the role of genetic, shared and unique environmental factors on TBS and QUI among Hungarian twins. Our study includes 82 twin (48 monozygotic, 33 same-sex dizygotic) pairs from the Hungarian Twin Registry. TBS was determined by DXA, QUI by calcaneal bone ultrasound. To estimate the genetic and environmental effects, we utilized ACE-variance decomposition. For the unadjusted model of TBS, an AE model provided the best fit with > 80% additive genetic heritability. Adjustment for age, sex, BMI and smoking status improved model fit with 48.0% of total variance explained by independent variables. Furthermore, there was a strong dominant genetic effect (73.7%). In contrast, unadjusted and adjusted models for QUI showed an AE structure. Adjustments improved model fit and 25.7% of the total variance was explained by independent variables. Altogether 70–90% of the variance in QUI was related to additive genetic influences. We found a strong genetic heritability of bone quality in unadjusted models. Half of the variance of TBS was explained by age, sex and BMI. Furthermore, the adjusted model suggested that the genetic component of TBS could be dominant or an epistasis could be present. In contrast, independent variables explained only a quarter of the variance of QUI and the additive heritability explained more than half of all the variance.
Systematising the LCA approaches’ soup: a framework based on text mining
Authors: Di Bari Roberta , Alaux Nicolas , Saade Marcella , Hong Sun Hea , Horn Rafael , Passer Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
It is challenging for practitioners to navigate through the multitude of life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches due to the rich literature and a lack of systematisation. The LCA flexibility allowed by standards results in a multitude of applications and, as referred to in previous works, as an “alphabet soup”. This paper proposes a scheme for a clearer classification of currently used LCA approaches, with consideration of the 4-stage framework coming from standards.

Methods
This systematisation was first established through literature research serving as a preliminary tentative framework. A text mining task was carried out in a second stage, involving 2044 published articles among 7558 of the last 10 years. For text mining, a dictionary collected keywords and synonyms of the LCA approaches. Such keywords were then extracted from the text together with their context (multiword). The final multiword analysis allowed the association of each keyword (i.e. each LCA approach) with a specific LCA stage (Goal and Scope, Life Cycle Inventory, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, Interpretation). The preliminary framework was adapted, further enriched and validated based on the text mining results.

Results
As a result of the text mining activities, the preliminary tentative framework was partially confirmed and enriched with new insights, especially in the field of “explorative” LCA approaches, which also include “prospective” and “scenario-based” LCA. For most of the currently used LCA approaches, a link to a unique LCA stage was not recorded. However, clear trends were detected. The text mining task also highlighted a high number of works in which different approaches are compared or counterposed, especially in the field of attributional and consequential LCA. Some issues were found with the connotations of “traditional” approaches, which could be defined more specifically as “non-explorative”.

Conclusions
Unlike other works focused on notions from selected literature, text mining activities can provide bottom-up feedback on a larger scale more automatically. In addition, this work brought out novel LCA approaches, for which future developments will confirm a final definition and systematisation. As an additional advantage, the presented methodology is easily replicable. Hence, the presented framework can be updated along with developments in LCA approaches.
Effect of particle size distribution of sediments on development of polder soils in Japan
Authors: Nishikura Seri , Kawahigashi Masayuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Polder soils develop from oceanic and lacustrine sediments covered with seawater, brackish water, and freshwater after artificial drainage. Because there are several concerns regarding the agricultural use of polder soils, soil genesis and properties have been considerably surveyed, mainly focusing on problematic soils developed from fine sediments. Although sediments have a wide range of particle size distributions due to different sedimentary conditions, particle size of parent materials have not been well addressed to understand the soil developmental process. In this study, Japanese polders with different reclamation ages and sedimentary conditions were surveyed to clarify the soil formation process and factors affecting pedogenesis.

Materials and methods
Soil samples were collected from 15 soil profiles in six Japanese polders under different land use types. Sedimentary conditions of polders were evaluated from particle size distributions using the hydrodynamic classification proposed by Pejrup (The triangular diagram used for classification of estuarine sediments: a new approach. Tide-influenced Sediment Environ Facies, pp 289–300, 1988). The major soil-forming factors of polders were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA) using general soil properties.

Results and discussion
Brackish lake and inner bay polders were characterized by calm hydrodynamic conditions comprising fine particles. Two polders reclaimed from a shallow inland sea were characterized by violent hydrodynamic conditions. Sandy sediments were also characteristic of immature soils reclaimed from a freshwater lake and an estuarine tidal flat. Soils on polders developed under calm hydrodynamic conditions enabled the accumulation of high total carbon content. The soil-forming process in the brackish bay oxidized pyrite, leading to an acidic soil reaction. Conversely, soils developed from sandy sediments were characterized by low iron content. The PCA extracted two factors explained by particle size and soil reaction relating to acidification and salt leaching.

Conclusion
Polder soils can be mainly discriminated by their particle size distributions, which are characterized by hydrodynamics under the sedimentary conditions, and the polder soil development is affected by water management in land uses after artificial drainage.
The Construction and Meaning of Race Within Hypertension Guidelines: A Systematic Scoping Review
Authors: Awolope Anna , El-Sabrout Hannah , Chattopadhyay Anurima , Richmond Stephen , Hessler-Jones Danielle , Hahn Monica , Gottlieb Laura , Razon Na’amah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Professional society guidelines are evidence-based recommendations intended to promote standardized care and improve health outcomes. Amid increased recognition of the role racism plays in shaping inequitable healthcare delivery, many researchers and practitioners have critiqued existing guidelines, particularly those that include race-based recommendations. Critiques highlight how racism influences the evidence that guidelines are based on and its interpretation. However, few have used a systematic methodology to examine race-based recommendations. This review examines hypertension guidelines, a condition affecting nearly half of all adults in the United States (US), to understand how guidelines reference and develop recommendations related to race.

Methods
A systematic scoping review of all professional guidelines on the management of essential hypertension published between 1977 and 2022 to examine the use and meaning of race categories.

Results
Of the 37 guidelines that met the inclusion criteria, we identified a total of 990 mentions of race categories. Black and African/African American were the predominant race categories referred to in guidelines (n = 409). Guideline authors used race in five key domains: describing the prevalence or etiology of hypertension; characterizing prior hypertension studies; describing hypertension interventions; social risk and social determinants of health; the complexity of race. Guideline authors largely used race categories as biological rather than social constructions. None of the guidelines discussed racism and the role it plays in perpetuating hypertension inequities.

Discussion
Hypertension guidelines largely refer to race as a distinct and natural category rather than confront the longstanding history of racism within and beyond the medical system. Normalizing race as a biological rather than social construct fails to address racism as a key determinant driving inequities in cardiovascular health. These changes are necessary to produce meaningful structural solutions that advance equity in hypertension education, research, and care delivery.
Key topic or bare necessity? How Research Ethics are Addressed and Discussed in Computational Communication Science
Authors: Knöpfle Philipp , Haim Mario , Breuer Johannes 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn Computational Communication Science (CCS) researchers grapple with intricate ethical challenges arising from the collection and analysis of complex data sets, often including sensitive or copyrighted data. Taking into consideration differences between the two main lines of philosophical reasoning in the realm of (research) ethics—deontology and consequentialism—we argue that ethical challenges faced in CCS are multidimensional and, hence, require multiple perspectives and approaches. Our general considerations are complemented by an empirical study that aims to assess the nature, prevalence, and discussion of ethical issues in CCS literature. Through a manual content analysis of 476 CCS publications, we shed light on ethical challenges as well as reflections thereof by CCS researchers. Notably, we find that only 5.88% of studies explicitly address general ethical considerations. Ethical review processes are also only mentioned in 6.51% of the considered studies, with the majority focusing on specific ethical procedures, such as obtaining informed consent, data anonymization measures, or debriefing. This suggests that, in the absence of consensus and field-specific standards, researchers in CCS prioritize context-specific ethical procedures, emphasizing the importance of flexibility in addressing ethical considerations.
Zusammenhangsfaktoren mit dem Fortbildungsverhalten von Lehrkräften
Authors: Heijens Marie Jeanne Marleen 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDiese Studie untersucht den differentiellen Zusammenhang personenbezogener beruflicher Merkmale von Lehrkräften sowie schulischer Rahmenbedingungen mit dem Fortbildungsverhalten. Dabei wird vertiefend die bisher unbeleuchtete Gruppe der gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Lehrkräfte betrachtet. Datengrundlage bildet die Befragung des Lehramtsstudierendenpanels im Rahmen des Nationalen Bildungspanels aus den Jahren 2021 und 2022. Mittels logistischer Regressionsmodelle wurden die Daten von 580 jungen Lehrkräften im Berufseinstieg (230 davon mit Fakultas in den Gesellschaftswissenschaften) bezüglich der Zusammenhänge ihrer Motivation, Selbstwirksamkeit, Berufsbelastung und schulischer Unterstützungsstrukturen mit der Fortbildungsteilnahme sowie der Themenwahl dieser analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf fächerübergreifender Ebene, dass die schulischen Rahmenbedingungen den bedeutsamsten Zusammenhang mit dem Teilnahmeverhalten aufweisen. Betrachtet man ferner die Teilnahme an Veranstaltungen mit Fachbezug zeigt sich zusätzlich ein positiver Zusammenhang mit dem persönlichen Interesse der Lehrkräfte. In der Gruppe der gesellschaftswissenschaftlichen Lehrkräfte zeigt sich allerdings eine scheinbare Widersprüchlichkeit, da dort zwar eine erhöhte Motivation zur Fortbildungsteilnahme vorliegt, das tatsächliche Teilnahmeverhalten dies allerdings nicht widerspiegelt. Als mögliche Ursache werden fachspezifische Defizite auf Angebotsseite vermutet und weitergehende Forschungsansätze zur Untersuchung dieser diskutiert. Ebenso wird die evidenzbasierte Ableitung von Maßnahmen zur Förderung des fächerübergreifenden Fortbildungsverhaltens skizziert.
Cohort study of prediction of venous thromboembolism in emergency department patients with extremity symptoms
Authors: Gottsäter Anders , Ekelund Ulf , Melander Olle , Björkelund Anders , Ohlsson Bodil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite diagnostic algorithms, identification of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in emergency departments (ED) remains a challenge. We evaluated symptoms, background, and laboratory data in 27,647 ED patients presenting with pain, swelling, or other symptoms from the extremities, and identified predictors of VTE diagnosis within one year. Predictors of a clinical decision to perform phlebography, ultrasound, or computer tomography (CT) angiography of pelvic, lower, or upper extremity veins, CT of pulmonary arteries, or pulmonary scintigraphy at the ED or within 30 days, and the results of such investigations were also evaluated. A total of 3195 patients (11.6%) were diagnosed with VTE within one year. In adjusted analysis of patients in whom all laboratory data were available, a d-dimer value ≥ 0.5 mg/l (odds ratio [OR]: 2.602; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.894–3.575; p < 0.001) at the ED and a previous diagnosis of VTE (OR: 6.037; CI 4.465–8.162; p < 0.001) independently predicted VTE within one year. Of diagnosed patients, 2355 (73.7%) had undergone imaging within 30 days after the ED visit and 1730 (54.1%) were diagnosed at this examination. Lower age (OR: 0.984; CI 0.972–0.997; p = 0.014), higher blood hemoglobin (OR: 1.023; CI 1.010–1.037; p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (OR: 2.229; CI 1.433–3.468; p < 0.001), d-dimer (OR: 8.729; CI 5.614–13.574; p < 0.001), and previous VTE (OR: 7.796; CI 5.193–11.705; p < 0.001) predicted VTE on imaging within 30 days, whereas female sex (OR 0.602 [95% CI 0.392–0.924]; p = 0.020) and a previous diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (OR 0.254 [95% CI 0.113–0.571]; p = 0.001) were negative predictors of VTE. In conclusion, analysis of 27,647 ED patients with extremity symptoms confirmed the importance of well-established risk factors for VTE. Many patients developing VTE within one year had initial negative imaging, highlighting the importance of continued symptom vigilance.
Culturally Centered Palliative Care: A Framework for Equitable Neurocritical Care
Authors: Magee Paula M. , October Tessie W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHealth disparities continue to plague racial and ethnic underserved patients in the United States. Disparities extend to the most critically ill patients, including those experiencing neurologic injury and patients at the end of life. Achieving health equity in palliative care in the neurointensive care unit requires clinicians to acknowledge and address structural racism and the social determinants of health. This article highlights racial and ethnic disparities in neurocritical care and palliative care and offers recommendations for an anti-racist approach to palliative care in the neurointensive care unit for clinicians.
Standard precipitation-temperature index (SPTI) drought identification by fuzzy c-means methodology
Authors: Şen Zekâi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal warming and climate change impacts intensify hydrological cycle and consequently unprecedented drought and flood appear in different parts of the world. Meteorological drought assessments are widely evaluated by the concept of standardized precipitation index (SPI), which provides drought classification. Its application is based on the probabilistic standardization procedure, but in the literature, there is a confusion with the statistical standardization procedure. This paper provides distinctive differences between the two approaches and provides the application of a better method. As a novel approach, SPI classification is coupled with fuzzy clustering procedure, which provides drought evaluation procedure based on two variables jointly, precipitation and temperature, which is referred to as the standard precipitation-temperature index (SPTI). The final product is in the form of fuzzy c-means clustering in five clusters with exposition of annual drought membership degrees (MDs) for each cluster and resulting objective function. The application of the proposed fuzzy methodology is presented for the long-term annual precipitation and temperature records from New Jersey Statewide records.
Mangrove Cover and Extent of Protection Influence Lateral Erosion Control at Hybrid Mangrove Living Shorelines
Authors: Chan Sophie C. Y. , Swearer Stephen E. , Morris Rebecca L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractErosion poses a significant threat to coastal and estuarine environments worldwide and is further exacerbated by anthropogenic activities and increasing coastal hazards. While conventional engineered structures, such as seawalls and revetments, are commonly employed to protect shorelines from wave impact and erosion, they can also cause detrimental environmental effects. By creating/restoring coastal habitats with engineered structures, hybrid living shorelines offer coastal protection and other co-benefits. Using aerial imagery, we studied the rates of shoreline change before and after living shoreline installation, and between living shorelines and adjacent bare shorelines in three estuaries in New South Wales, Australia. Mangroves had established behind most rock fillets and displayed a trend of increasing canopy cover with fillet age. In the first 3 years since installation, the rates of lateral shoreline change reduced from − 0.20, − 0.16, and − 0.10 m/year to − 0.03, − 0.01, and 0.06 m/year in living shorelines in Hunter, Manning, and Richmond Rivers, respectively. However, when compared to control shorelines, the effectiveness in reducing erosion varied among living shorelines with mean effect sizes of 0.04, − 0.28, and 1.74 across the three estuaries. A more positive rate of shoreline change was associated with an increasing percentage of mangrove canopy area and an increasing length of protected shoreline at wide channels. While hybrid mangrove living shorelines are a promising solution for mitigating erosion and creating habitats at an estuary-wide scale, they may also contribute to downdrift erosion, emphasising the importance of considering site-specific hydrogeomorphology and sediment movement when installing living shorelines.
GPT-based chatbot tools are still unreliable in the management of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Bortoli M. , Fiore M. , Tedeschi S. , Oliveira V. , Sousa R. , Bruschi A. , Campanacci D. A. , Viale P. , De Paolis M. , Sambri A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Artificial intelligence chatbot tools responses might discern patterns and correlations that may elude human observation, leading to more accurate and timely interventions. However, their reliability to answer healthcare-related questions is still debated. This study aimed to assess the performance of the three versions of GPT-based chatbots about prosthetic joint infections (PJI).

Methods
Thirty questions concerning the diagnosis and treatment of hip and knee PJIs, stratified by a priori established difficulty, were generated by a team of experts, and administered to ChatGPT 3.5, BingChat, and ChatGPT 4.0. Responses were rated by three orthopedic surgeons and two infectious diseases physicians using a five-point Likert-like scale with numerical values to quantify the quality of responses. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by interclass correlation statistics.

Results
Responses averaged “good-to-very good” for all chatbots examined, both in diagnosis and treatment, with no significant differences according to the difficulty of the questions. However, BingChat ratings were significantly lower in the treatment setting (p = 0.025), particularly in terms of accuracy (p = 0.02) and completeness (p = 0.004). Agreement in ratings among examiners appeared to be very poor.

Conclusions
On average, the quality of responses is rated positively by experts, but with ratings that frequently may vary widely. This currently suggests that AI chatbot tools are still unreliable in the management of PJI.
Jewish Spaces in Present Vienna: A Relational, Hybrid Approach
Authors: Korbel Susanne 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn October 2017, Vienna’s Leopoldstadt community succeeded in reinstalling a Hebrew street sign in a public space of the second district. This achievement became possible in large part due to the efforts of an active online community that encouraged many people to share their wish to have visible signs of the former historic Jewish quarter in the present urban space. Through vigorous Facebook and other social media activities, the interest that the group generated put pressure on the city, leading to the support of an art project. The placement of the Hebrew street sign marked a hybrid way of constructing Jewish urban spaces. The dialogue between virtual and physical spaces added new layers to the historic Jewish quarter of Vienna; this way of relational space making is, I wish to argue, paradigmatic for today’s Europe as it witnesses the heyday of Holocaust tourism and klezmer revivals. In this article, I investigate this space-making process in Jewish public history in present Vienna and examine how the virtual community frames the way urban Jewish spaces are constructed.