bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: Stress‐Inducible Nuclear Protein 1 Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 Expression in Human Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Yammani Raghunatha R. , Loeser Richard F. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveNuclear protein 1 (Nupr1) is a stress‐inducible protein that is involved in gene transcription. The present study was undertaken to determine whether chondrocytes express Nupr1 and whether Nupr1 regulates matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) expression.MethodsParaffin‐embedded cartilage sections from normal human and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage were immunostained using anti‐Nupr1 antibody. To measure Nupr1 expression, total RNA was isolated from joint tissue obtained 8 weeks after surgery from young (12‐week‐old) and older (12‐month‐old) mice that underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce OA. Human chondrocytes were stimulated with 1–10 ng/ml interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), 25 μM tert‐butyl‐hydroperoxide (tBHP), or 2 μM thapsigargin, and Nupr1 expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, chondrocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA to knock down Nupr1 expression and then stimulated overnight with IL‐1β. After incubation, the conditioned medium was collected and MMP levels measured.ResultsIncreased Nupr1 immunostaining was noted in human OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage. Expression was also increased in joint tissue from 12‐month‐old mice that underwent DMM surgery compared to sham‐operated controls. Stimulation of chondrocytes with IL‐1β induced a 2‐fold increase in Nupr1 messenger RNA (mRNA) within 1 hour, with the increase peaking to 4‐fold at 6 hours. Treatment of chondrocytes with tBHP to induce oxidative stress increased Nupr1 mRNA expression by >2‐fold; treatment with thapsigargin to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress did not produce a similar effect. Knockdown of Nupr1 inhibited IL‐1β–mediated induction of MMP‐13.ConclusionNupr1 is expressed in cartilage, and its levels are increased in OA. Nupr1 expression is required for IL‐1β–mediated expression of MMP‐13. These findings provide evidence of a novel pathway for regulation of IL‐1β–mediated production of MMPs in chondrocytes.
Optimal bi‐level Stackelberg strategies for supply chain financing with both capital‐constrained buyers and sellers
Authors: Yan Nina , Dai Hongyan , Sun Baowen 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we design a supply chain finance system with a manufacturer, a retailer and a commercial bank where both the retailer and manufacturer are capital constrained under demand uncertainties. We formulate a bi‐level Stackelberg game for the supply chain finance system in which the bank acts as the leader and the manufacturer as the subleader. Considering the bankruptcy risks of the manufacturer and the retailer, we analyze the optimal financing interest rate for the commercial bank, the optimal order for the retailer and the optimal wholesale price for the manufacturer, respectively. We compare our model with two benchmark cases, that is, no financing scheme and infinite‐credit‐line financing scheme, to find out the important interactions between the operational and financial decisions in the supply chain finance system. It concluded that the different interest rates and credit lines would affect the supply chain operations. Finally, we demonstrate the impacts of different capital levels and interest rates on the optimal decisions through numerical studies that validate our theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating mitosis, toxicity, and transgene expression in a telecommunications packet‐switched network model of lipoplex‐mediated gene delivery
Authors: Martin Timothy M. , Wysocki Beata J. , Beyersdorf Jared P. , Wysocki Tadeusz A. , Pannier Angela K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTGene delivery systems transport exogenous genetic information to cells or biological systems with the potential to directly alter endogenous gene expression and behavior with applications in functional genomics, tissue engineering, medical devices, and gene therapy. Nonviral systems offer advantages over viral systems because of their low immunogenicity, inexpensive synthesis, and easy modification but suffer from lower transfection levels. The representation of gene transfer using models offers perspective and interpretation of complex cellular mechanisms, including nonviral gene delivery where exact mechanisms are unknown. Here, we introduce a novel telecommunications model of the nonviral gene delivery process in which the delivery of the gene to a cell is synonymous with delivery of a packet of information to a destination computer within a packet‐switched computer network. Such a model uses nodes and layers to simplify the complexity of modeling the transfection process and to overcome several challenges of existing models. These challenges include a limited scope and limited time frame, which often does not incorporate biological effects known to affect transfection. The telecommunication model was constructed in MATLAB to model lipoplex delivery of the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein to HeLa cells. Mitosis and toxicity events were included in the model resulting in simulation outputs of nuclear internalization and transfection efficiency that correlated with experimental data. A priori predictions based on model sensitivity analysis suggest that increasing endosomal escape and decreasing lysosomal degradation, protein degradation, and GFP‐induced toxicity can improve transfection efficiency by three‐fold. Application of the telecommunications model to nonviral gene delivery offers insight into the development of new gene delivery systems with therapeutically relevant transfection levels. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1659–1671. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of a sensitive and accurate LC‐MS/MS method for determination of dryocrassin ABBA in rat plasma for a bioavailability study
Authors: Ding Ya‐Ming , Liu Zhuo , Li Fu‐Qiang 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA sensitive and accurate liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of dryocrassin ABBA, a potential active component isolated from Dryopteris crassirhizoma, in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB‐C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 µm), with elution consisting of eluent (A) 10 mm ammonium acetate in methanol containing 0.1% formic acid and (B) 10 mm ammonium acetate in water containing 0.1% formic acid (A:B = 99:1, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor the precursor–product ion transitions of m/z 819.3 → 403.4 for dryocrassin ABBA and m/z 426.2 → 409.2 for internal standard. This assay exhibited a good linearity with a correlation coefficient >0.99 and showed no endogenous interference with the analyte and internal standard. The lower limit of quantification of dryocrassin ABBA was 4 ng/mL in 50 μL of rat plasma. The method was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of dryocrassin ABBA in rats after intravenous (2.35 mg/kg) and oral (23.5 mg/kg) doses of dryocrassin ABBA. The oral bioavailability (F) of dryocrassin ABBA was estimated to be 50.1%. Our study is the first to clarify the pharmacokinetic behaviors of dryocrassin ABBA in animals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bronchial airway gene expression in smokers with lung or head and neck cancer
Authors: Van Dyck Eric , Nazarov Petr V. , Muller Arnaud , Nicot Nathalie , Bosseler Manon , Pierson Sandrine , Van Moer Kris , Palissot Valérie , Mascaux Céline , Knolle Ulrich , Ninane Vincent , Nati Romain , Bremnes Roy M. , Vallar Laurent , Berchem Guy , Schlesser Marc 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCigarette smoking is the major cause of cancers of the respiratory tract, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and head and neck cancer (HNC). In order to better understand carcinogenesis of the lung and upper airways, we have compared the gene expression profiles of tumor‐distant, histologically normal bronchial biopsy specimens obtained from current smokers with NSCLC or HNC (SC, considered as a single group), as well as nonsmokers (NS) and smokers without cancer (SNC). RNA from a total of 97 biopsies was used for gene expression profiling (Affymetrix HG‐U133 Plus 2.0 array). Differentially expressed genes were used to compare NS, SNC, and SC, and functional analysis was carried out using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Smoking‐related cancer of the respiratory tract was found to affect the expression of genes encoding xenobiotic biotransformation proteins, as well as proteins associated with crucial inflammation/immunity pathways and other processes that protect the airway from the chemicals in cigarette smoke or contribute to carcinogenesis. Finally, we used the prediction analysis for microarray (PAM) method to identify gene signatures of cigarette smoking and cancer, and uncovered a 15‐gene signature that distinguished between SNC and SC with an accuracy of 83%. Thus, gene profiling of histologically normal bronchial biopsy specimens provided insight into cigarette‐induced carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract and gene signatures of cancer in smokers.
Separation of Tryptophan Enantiomers by Ligand‐Exchange Chromatography With Novel Chiral Ionic Liquids Ligand
Authors: Qing Haiqun , Jiang Xinyu , Yu Jingang 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTChiral ionic liquids (CILs) with amino acids as cations have been applied as novel chiral ligands coordinated with Cu2+ to separate tryptophan enantiomers in ligand exchange chromatography. Four kinds of amino acid ionic liquids, including [L‐Pro][CF3COO], [L‐Pro][NO3], [L‐Pro]2[SO4], and [L‐Phe][CF3COO] were successfully synthesized and used for separation of tryptophan enantiomers. To optimize the separation conditions, [L‐Pro][CF3COO] was selected as the model ligand. Some factors influencing the efficiency of chiral separation, such as copper ion concentration, CILs concentration, methanol ratio (methanol/H2O, v/v), and pH, were investigated. The obtained optimal separation conditions were as follows: 8.0 mmol/L Cu(OAc)2, 4.0 mmol/L [L‐Pro][CF3COO] ,and 20% (v/v) methanol at pH 3.6. Under the optimum conditions, acceptable enantioseparation of tryptophan enantiomers could be observed with a resolution of 1.89. The results demonstrate the good applicability of CILs with amino acids as cations for chiral separation. Furthermore, a comparative study was also conducted for exploring the mechanism of the CILs as new ligands in ligand exchange chromatography. Chirality 26:160–165, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solid‐Liquid Separation of Carbon Nanotube Suspensions
Authors: Dresel Alexander , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: February 2014

AbstractKohlenstoffnanoröhren (carbon nanotubes, CNTs) sind röhrenförmige Partikel aus Kohlenstoff mit grafitähnlichen Strukturen der Hüllen und Durchmessern im Nanometerbereich (< 100 nm). Der Produktions‐ und Modifikationsprozess erfordert häufig neben deren Suspendierung auch die Entwässerung und Trocknung anfallender CNT‐Suspensionen. Herkömmliche thermisch unterstützte Entwässerungsverfahren führen häufig zur starken Agglomeration oder Schädigung der CNTs. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Entwässerung von Suspensionen mehrwandiger CNTs mittels diskontinuierlicher druckgetriebener Filtration entwickelt und untersucht.
Membrane Emulsification of Liquid Metal for the Generation of Spherical Metal Particles
Authors: Hornig Nils , Fritsching Udo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPorous membrane structures are used in emulsification processes for the formulation of almost monodispersed emulsion droplets with focus on the melt emulsification of liquid metal melts. The melt is emulsified through nozzle plates and particulate sintered porous structures into a temperature controlled liquid where the liquid metal droplets solidify to form spherical shaped solid particles. Related to melt atomization techniques for powder production, the membrane emulsification processing route obtains an interesting alternative for the production of monodispersed spherical particles with low energy consumption.
In Silico Solid State Perturbation for Solubility Improvement
Authors: Briggner Lars‐Erik , Kloo Lars , Rosdahl Jan , Svensson Per H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSolubility is a frequently recurring issue within pharmaceutical industry, and new methods to proactively resolve this are of fundamental importance. Here, a novel methodology is reported for intrinsic solubility improvement, using in silico prediction of crystal structures, by perturbing key interactions in the crystalline solid state. The methodology was evaluated with a set of benzodiazepine molecules, using the two‐dimensional molecular structure as the only a priori input. The overall trend in intrinsic solubility was correctly predicted for the entire set of benzodiazepines molecules. The results also indicate that, in drug compound series where the melting point is relatively high (i.e., “brick dust” compounds), the reported methodology should be very suitable for identifying strategically important molecular substitutions to improve solubility. As such, this approach could be a useful predictive tool for rational compound design in the early stages of drug development.
Platinum Compounds for High‐Resolution In Vivo Cancer Imaging
Authors: Miller Miles A. , Askevold Bjorn , Yang Katherine S. , Kohler Rainer H. , Weissleder Ralph 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPlatinum(II) compounds, principally cisplatin and carboplatin, are commonly used front‐line cancer therapeutics. Despite their widespread use and continued interest in the development of new derivatives, including nanoformulations with improved properties, it has been difficult to visualize platinum compounds in live subjects, in real time, and with subcellular resolution. Here, we present four novel cisplatin‐ and carboplatin‐derived fluorescent imaging compounds for quantitative intravital cancer imaging. We conjugated 4,4‐difluoro‐5,7‐dimethyl‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐daiza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) to PtII complexes to generate derivatives with robust in vivo fluorescence and retained DNA‐damaging and cytotoxic properties. We successfully applied these compounds to image pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake in a xenograft cancer mouse model. By using a genetic reporter of single‐cell DNA damage for in vivo imaging, Pt drug accumulation and resultant DNA damage could be monitored in individual tumor cells, at subcellular resolution, and in real time in a live animal model of cancer. These derivatives represent promising imaging tools that will be useful in understanding further the distribution and interactions of platinum within tumors.
Fabrication of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO)/Co3O4 Nanohybrid Particles and a RGO/Co3O4/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composite with Enhanced Wave‐Absorption Properties
Authors: Wang Guang‐Sheng , Wu Yun , Wei Yun‐Zhao , Zhang Xiao‐Juan , Li Yong , Li Li‐Dong , Wen Bo , Yin Peng‐Gang , Guo Lin , Cao Mao‐Sheng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Co3O4 nanohybrid particles, composed of reduced graphite oxide and Co3O4 particles, have been fabricated by an in situ growth method under mild wet‐chemical conditions (140 °C). A series of characterization results indicate that the as‐prepared Co3O4 particles with relatively uniform sizes are embedded in RGO layers to form unique core–shell nanostructures. The RGO/Co3O4/poly(vinylidene fluoride) composite was found to possess excellent absorption properties. Owing to the effect of the negative permeability, the position of the absorption peaks remains at the same frequency at different thicknesses without shifting to lower frequencies. For the composites with a filler loading of 10 wt %, the maximum peaks can reach −25.05 dB at 11.6 GHz with a thickness of 4.0 mm. These enhanced microwave absorbing properties can be explained based on the structures of the nanohybrid particles.
Facile Synthesis of [Cu(SCH3)]∞ Nanowires with High Charge Mobility
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Xia Ting , Yu Kin Man , Zhang Fuhua , Yang Heng , Liu Boyang , An Yan , Yin Yansheng , Chen Xiaobo 
Published: February 2014

Abstract[Cu(SCH3)]∞ nanowires with lengths on the order of hundreds of micrometers were obtained with a facile method from the reaction of Cu(NO3)2⋅3 H2O, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and water under hydrothermal conditions within a large range of DMSO/water ratios and at various temperatures. These highly crystalline, thermally stable (under vacuum) nanowires are p‐type conducting and have a hole mobility as high as 2 cm2 V−1 S−1, which is 102–105 times higher than previously reported values. The high hole mobility may demonstrate their promising future in various electronic‐device applications.
Acoustic Alignment of a Supramolecular Nanofiber in Harmony with the Sound of Music
Authors: Miura Ryosuke , Ando Yasunari , Hotta Yasuhisa , Nagatani Yoshiki , Tsuda Akihiko 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover is the group of Prof. Akihiko Tsuda from Kobe University and Kobe City Collage of Technology. The cover picture shows the alignment of a supramolecular nanofiber, composed of an anthracene derivative, while the Kobe University Symphony Orchestra was playing classical music. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201300400
Potential Formation in Front of an Electrode Close to the Plasma Potential Studied by PIC Simulation
Authors: Gyergyek T. , Kovačič J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPotential formation in front of an electrode that has the potential which is close to the plasma potential is studied by particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations. The code BIT1 [D. Tskhakaya, R. Schneider, J. Comp. Phys., 225, 829 (2007)] is used for this purpose. It is shown that this code is very appropriate for our analysis because of its ability to create charged particles by uniform volume production in the entire system and to maintain in the same time the Maxwellian electron velocity distribution function prescribed in the input file. It turns out that some modifications of the code are necessary in order to achieve small sheath potential drops and to detect the cutoff in the electron velocity distribution function. The modifications of the code are described. The small sheath potential drop is achieved by introducing a finite reflectivity of the electrons at the left electrode, while the expected cutoffs of the electron velocity distribution function are found by tracking the reflected electrons as separate particle species. The simulation results are compared to the theoretical model of Jelić [N. Jelić, Phys. Plasmas, 18, 113504 (2011)]. The matching is very good and this is a sign that the PIC simulations are very appropriate tool for the analysis of this type of problems. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The new threat to internet: DNP attack with the attacking flows strategizing technology
Authors: Li Heshuai , Zhu Junhu , Qiu Han , Wang Qingxian , Zhou Tianyang , Li Hang 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDistributed network paralyzing (DNP) attack, a kind of distributed denial‐of‐service attack that utilize botnet to congest and paralyze autonomous system level network, is a serious threat to network security. In this article, it is indicated that the most difficulty of DNP attack is strategizing DNP attacking flows automatically from the perspective of the attacker. For this outstanding issue, we introduce the DNP attacking flows strategizing technology, which can help an attacker to launch DNP attack efficiently through a series of attacking resources division–target links and attacking paths orientation–flux planning process. Through simulation, we demonstrate that the feasibility of attacking flows strategizing technology and prove that an attacker who controls a large‐scale botnet can utilize DNP attack to seriously threat the network security. At last, from the perspective of the defender, it is indicated that the network security researcher should strengthen the relevant research to defend the DNP attack. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Evaluation of Characteristics of SR Motor Made of Permendur
Authors: Hasegawa Yu , Nakamura Kenji , Ichinokura Osamu 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYA switched reluctance (SR) motor has a doubly salient pole structure. The performance of the SR motor strongly depends on the magnetic properties of the core material, since it consists only of an iron core and copper windings. This study experimentally evaluates the performance of an SR motor made of permendur (Fe–49% Co alloy), which has very high saturation flux density and low core loss. Two types of SR motors that have the same dimensions but different core materials are used: one motor is made of the conventional nonoriented Si steel, and the other is made of permendur. Comparison of the characteristics of the two motors shows that the performance of the permendur SR motor surpasses that of the conventional one in terms of output power and efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 187(1): 51–57, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22431
Speciation Behavior of Copper(II) Acetate in Simple Organic Solvents – Revealing the Effect of Trace Water
Authors: Tsybizova Alexandra , Ryland Bradford L. , Tsierkezos Nikos , Stahl Shannon S. , Roithová Jana , Schröder Detlef 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCopper(II) acetate is frequently used as a catalyst for bond‐forming reactions in organic synthesis. Unlike aqueous solutions, in which complete heterolysis to CuOAc+(aq) and AcO–(aq) prevails at low concentrations, it is clear that copper(II) acetate shows a large degree of aggregation in typical organic solvents. Here, the speciation behavior of Cu(OAc)2 in organic solvents is probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), which reveals an extensive clustering of copper acetate species to form ions of the general composition [Cun(X)2n–1]+ and [Cun(X)2n+1]– (X = OAc and OCH3), along with (solvated) monomeric species such as [Cu(OAc)(CH3OH)n]+. The ESI‐MS measurements are complemented by solution‐phase studies of Cu(OAc)2 by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, which support an extensive aggregation of Cu(OAc)2 in organic solvents. Collisional experiments reveal that either simple degradation or redox processes can be observed, depending on the coordinative saturation of the copper clusters. The formation of the copper clusters can be efficiently suppressed by contamination of the organic solvents by a small amount of water.
Chlorine Atom Transfer Radical 6‐exo Cyclizations of Carbamoyldichloroacetate‐Tethered Alkenes, Enol Acetates and α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles Leading to Morphans
Authors: Diaba Faïza , Martínez‐Laporta Agustín , Bonjoch Josep 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe CuI‐mediated atom transfer radical cyclization of amino‐tethered dichloromalonamides and electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and nonactivated double bonds is a useful methodology for the synthesis of 2‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes. A study of the reaction conditions and the scope of the process is reported. Cyclopropane ring formation was observed from the resulting 1,3‐dichlorides in some morphan substrates using either CuI, Pd, or Zn.
Self‐Folded Silyl Cavitands with In‐ and Outwardly Directed Allyl Groups
Authors: Ohashi Kazuhiro , Ito Kouhei , Iwasawa Tetsuo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCavitands endowed with in‐ and outwardly directed allylsilanes are described; epoxidation reactions of the allyl groups with meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid are included. The synthesis of introverted and extroverted allylsilanes tethered to triquinoxaline‐spanned resorcinarenes was successfully achieved. Competitive epoxidation experiments between the two isomers disclosed that the introverted allyl was more reactive than the extroverted allyl, despite a clearly congested nuisance: the vase‐formed cavity would actively stabilize the reaction process.