bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prüfung, Überwachung und Wartung von Litzenbündelseilen
Authors: Gläser Christian , Brand Werner , Kuhn Eric , Mack Thomas 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLitzenbündelseile für Schrägseilbrücken stellen eine wartungsfreundliche Bauweise dar, welche bei der Elbebrücke Schönebeck beispielhaft eingesetzt wurde. Nach abgeschlossenem Seileinbau wurden verschiedene Prüfungen durchgeführt, die zum Teil durch die Ausschreibung als Abnahmeprüfung gefordert waren oder zum anderen Teil als Referenzmessungen für zukünftige Bauwerksprüfungen dienen.Zur Seilkraftbestimmung kamen Schwingungsmessungen zur Anwendung, die unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Biegesteifigkeit ausgewertet wurden. Die Schwingungsmessungen wurden auch hinsichtlich des Dämpfungsverhaltens der Seile ausgewertet. Für eine einfache Kraftmessung während üblicher Hauptprüfungen wurden auch elektromagnetische Kraftmesssensoren eingebaut.Zur Detektion möglicher Drahtbrüche außerhalb der Verankerungen wurde ein eigens für Litzenbündelseile konzipiertes Prüfgerät eingesetzt, das durch um den Seilumfang angeordnete Magnetisierungsspulen auch bei den relativ kleinen Hüllrohrfüllungsgraden eine volle Magnetisierung und damit eine Ortung von Spannstahlbrüchen auch im Seilinnern zulässt.Testing, Monitoring and Maintenance of Parallel Strand Cables – Example: Elbe Bridge SchoenebeckParallel strand cables for cable stayed bridges are easy to monitor which is verified on the Elbe Bridge Schoenebeck. After cable installation, several tests were carried out that were partly required as a verification test by the bidding procedure and partly used as reference measurements for future structure inspections.Vibration measurements that were evaluated while specifically taking into account bending stiffness were used to determine stay cable forces. The vibration measurements were also evaluated with regard to the damping behavior of the stays. Elastomagnetic force sensors were also installed to permit easy force measurement during detailed inspection.A testing device that had been especially designed for parallel strand cables was used for detecting possible wire fractures outside of the anchorages. Thanks to magnetizing coils that are placed around the stay cable circumference, this testing device permits full magnetization even for relatively small duct filling levels and thus also ensures a detection of prestressing steel fractures within the cable.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren in der Praxis – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Bastert Heinrich , Taffe Alexander , Willmes Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDie zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren finden im Bauwesen (ZfPBau) zunehmend Anwendung und gewinnen dort an Bedeutung. Beim Bauen im Bestand sind ZfPBau‐Verfahren Werkzeuge zur Zustandsanalyse der vorhandenen Bausubstanz und ermöglichen zudem substanzschonende Probenahmen, schadensfreie Kernbohrungen oder gezielte Bauteilöffnungen. Sie unterstützen die Planung und Ausführung von Instandsetzungen und führen beim Neubau zum Nachweis der Ausführungsqualität. Bei Bauherren, Planern und Bauausführenden ist daher ein zunehmender Informationsbedarf hinsichtlich der richtigen Anwendung von ZfPBau‐Verfahren und Formulierung zuverlässiger Prüfaussagen zu verzeichnen. Die verfügbare Fachliteratur ist jedoch überwiegend verfahrensbezogen strukturiert, häufig mit technisch‐wissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkten.Practical application of Non‐destructive Testing – Strength and LimitationsNon‐destructive testing (NDT) is commonly used in civil engineering with increasing importance. Several analysis techniques offer new options to analyse the structure of existing buildings as well as testing in a material protecting way. Non‐destructive testing in civil engineering (NDT‐CE) supports the design of structural repair or is used to verify the quality of structural components. Customers, designers, and contractors need information how NDT‐methods are used in the right way. This report gives an overview on non‐destructive testing methods as applied to civil engineering from the point of view of the required inspection or test task. The bases of NDT‐CE methods are briefly described without particular reference to physical principles. The alternatives to and limitations of using non‐destructive testing methods for assessing structures are addressed in the explanation of suitable testing methods for special inspections.
A kinetic‐based approach to understanding heterologous mevalonate pathway function in E. coli
Authors: Weaver Lane J. , Sousa Mirta M. L. , Wang George , Baidoo Edward , Petzold Christopher J. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTo aid in debugging efforts to increase yield, titer, and productivity of engineered metabolic pathways, computational models are increasingly needed to predict how changes in experimentally manipulable variables such as enzyme expression map to changes in pathway flux. Here, an ordinary differential equation model is developed for a heterologous mevalonate pathway in E. coli using kinetic parameters culled from literature and enzyme concentrations derived from Selective Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry (SRM‐MS). To identify parameters most important to further experimental investigation, a global sensitivity analysis was performed, which pointed to amorphadiene synthase activity as the main limiting factor for amorphadiene production. Furthermore, the model predicted that in this local enzyme expression regime, the overall pathway flux is insensitive to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)‐mediated inhibition of mevalonate kinase, not supporting a hypothesis that had previously been posited to be limiting amorphadiene production. To test these predictions experimentally, two strains were constructed: (1) a strain containing a homologous mevalonate kinase with weaker feedback inhibition, and (2) a strain with greater amorphadiene synthase expression. The experimental results validate the qualitative model hypotheses and accurately match the predicted productivities for the two strains, particularly when an in vivo‐derived kcat for amorphadiene synthase was substituted for the literature value. These results demonstrate the utility of using kinetic representations of engineered metabolic pathways parameterized with experimentally derived protein concentrations and enzyme kinetic constants to predict productivities and test hypotheses about engineering strategies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 111–119. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A synthetic O2‐tolerant butanol pathway exploiting native fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Pásztor András , Kallio Pauli , Malatinszky Dávid , Akhtar M. Kalim , Jones Patrik R. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral synthetic metabolic pathways for butanol synthesis have been reported in Escherichia coli by modification of the native CoA‐dependent pathway from selected Clostridium species. These pathways are all dependent on the O2‐sensitive AdhE2 enzyme from Clostridium acetobutylicum that catalyzes the sequential reduction of both butyryl‐CoA and butyraldehyde. We constructed an O2‐tolerant butanol pathway based on the activities of an ACP‐thioesterase, acting on butyryl‐ACP in the native fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, and a promiscuous carboxylic acid reductase. The pathway was genetically optimized by screening a series of bacterial acyl‐ACP thioesterases and also by modification of the physical growth parameters. In order to evaluate the potential of the pathway for butanol production, the ACP‐dependent butanol pathway was compared with a previously established CoA‐dependent pathway. The effect of (1) O2‐availability, (2) media, and (3) co‐expression of aldehyde reductases was evaluated systematically demonstrating varying and contrasting functionality between the ACP‐ and CoA‐dependent pathways. The yield of butanol from the ACP‐dependent pathway was stimulated by enhanced O2‐availability, in contrast to the CoA‐dependent pathway, which did not function well under aerobic conditions. Similarly, whilst the CoA‐dependent pathway only performed well in complex media, the ACP‐dependent pathway was not influenced by the choice of media except in the absence of O2. A combination of a thioesterase from Bacteroides fragilis and the aldehyde reductase, ahr, from E. coli resulted in the greatest yield of butanol. A product titer of ∼300 mg/L was obtained in 24 h under optimal batch growth conditions, in most cases exceeding the performance of the reference CoA‐pathway when evaluated under equivalent conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 120–128. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In Vivo Incorporation of Non‐canonical Amino Acids by Using the Chemical Aminoacylation Strategy: A Broadly Applicable Mechanistic Tool
Authors: Dougherty Dennis A. , Van Arnam Ethan B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe a strategy for incorporating non‐canonical amino acids site‐specifically into proteins expressed in living cells, involving organic synthesis to chemically aminoacylate a suppressor tRNA, protein expression in Xenopus oocytes, and monitoring protein function, primarily by electrophysiology. With this protocol, a very wide range of non‐canonical amino acids can be employed, allowing both systematic structure–function studies and the incorporation of reactive functionalities. Here, we present an overview of the methodology and examples meant to illustrate the versatility and power of the method as a tool for investigating protein structure and function.
SiW11Fe@MIL‐101(Cr) Composite: A Novel and Versatile Electrocatalyst
Authors: Fernandes Diana M. , Granadeiro Carlos M. , Paes de Sousa Patrícia M. , Grazina Raquel , Moura José J. G. , Silva Patrícia , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Cunha‐Silva Luís , Balula Salete S. , Freire Cristina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA novel composite is prepared by the incorporation of the iron‐substituted silicotungstate [SiW11FeIII(H2O)O39]5− (SiW11Fe) into the 3D structure of MIL‐101(Cr). Pyrolytic graphite electrodes are modified with SiW11Fe and the composite material SiW11Fe@MIL‐101, and the electrochemical behavior of the electrodes is studied by cyclic voltammetry. The SiW11Fe‐modified electrode shows three reduction processes: the peak at more positive potentials is assigned to FeIII→FeII and the other two peaks to WVI→WV processes. The SiW11Fe@MIL‐101‐modified electrode shows, besides the redox processes assigned to SiW11Fe, an additional peak from the MIL‐101(Cr) matrix, which corresponds to CrIII→CrII reduction. The SiW11Fe@MIL‐101‐modified electrode shows excellent tungsten‐based electrocatalytic activity towards nitrite and iodate reduction, and chromium‐based electrocatalytic properties towards ascorbic acid oxidation. It, thus, ultimately proves to be a modified electrode with multi‐electrocatalytic properties.
Enhancement of Neighbouring‐Group Participation in Cu0‐Promoted Cross‐Coupling gem‐Difluoromethylenation of Aryl/Alkenyl Halides with 1,3‐Azolic Difluoromethyl Bromides
Authors: Jiang Haizhen , Lu Wenjun , Yang Kun , Ma Guobin , Xu Minjun , Li Jian , Yao Jianhua , Wan Wen , Deng Hongmei , Wu Shaoxiong , Zhu Shizheng , Hao Jian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA copper(0)‐promoted direct reductive gem‐difluoromethylenation of unactivated aryl or alkenyl halides with benzo‐1,3‐azolic (oxa‐, thia‐ or aza‐) difluoromethyl bromides or 2‐bromodifluoromethyl‐1,3‐oxazoline has been developed for the construction of pharmaceutically important gem‐difluoromethylene‐linked twin molecules. The unique π‐conjugated aryl‐fused 1,3‐azolic moiety in difluoromethyl bromide substrates could stabilise the reaction intermediates, which promotes the reactivities, providing facile access to the cross‐coupling products in good to excellent yields, and allowing significant functional group tolerance. The reaction exhibits an enhanced neighbouring‐group‐participation effect. This method could provide a new strategy for the construction of gem‐difluoromethylene‐linked identical or nonidentical twin drugs through further functionalisation of 1,3‐azolic skeletons.
Unprecedented Second‐Timescale Blue/Green Emissions and Iodine‐Uptake‐Induced Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation in ZnII/CdII Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Deng Yong‐Kai , Sun Di 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe long‐persistent phosphorescent metal–organic framework (MOF) is a kind of highly desirable but rare material. Here, two new molecular MOF materials, {[Zn(tipa)Cl]⋅NO3⋅2 DMF}n (1) and {[Cd2(tipa)2Cl4]⋅6 DMF}n (2) (tipa=tri(4‐imidazolylphenyl)amine), which have 3D twofold interpenetrated (utp) and 2D noninterpenetrated (kgd) topologies, respectively, are reported. They exhibit unexpected long‐persistent emissions yet reported: At 77 K, they persist in glowing after stopping the UV irradiation on a timescale up to seconds at 77 K, which can be detected by the naked eye (ca. 2 s). Compounds 1 and 2 also undergo single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC‐SC) transformations through different routes; a simple anion‐exchange route for 1 and a complicated replacement of μ1‐Cl− ions by DMF molecules accompanying I3− captured in the void for 2.
Ultrathin Silica Films: The Atomic Structure of Two‐Dimensional Crystals and Glasses
Authors: Büchner Christin , Lichtenstein Leonid , Yu Xin , Boscoboinik J. Anibal , Yang Bing , Kaden William E. , Heyde Markus , Shaikhutdinov Shamil K. , Włodarczyk Radosław , Sierka Marek , Sauer Joachim , Freund Hans‐Joachim 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFor the last 15 years, we have been studying the preparation and characterization of ordered silica films on metal supports. We review the efforts so far, and then discuss the specific case of a silica bilayer, which exists in a crystalline and a vitreous variety, and puts us into a position to investigate, for the first time, the real space structure (AFM/STM) of a two‐dimensional glass and its properties. We show that pair correlation functions determined from the images of this two‐dimensional glass are similar to those determined by X‐ray and neutron scattering from three‐dimensional glasses, if the appropriate sensitivity factors are taken into account. We are in a position, to verify, for the first time, a model of the vitreous silica structure proposed by William Zachariasen in 1932. Beyond this, the possibility to prepare the crystalline and the glassy structure on the same support allows us to study the crystal‐glass phase transition in real space. We, finally, discuss possibilities to use silica films to start investigating related systems such as zeolites and clay films. We also mention hydroxylation of the silica films in order to adsorb metal atoms modeling heterogenized homogeneous catalysts.
Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for the Detection and Quantification of MicroRNA
Authors: Degliangeli Federica , Pompa Pier Paolo , Fiammengo Roberto 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression, and many pathological conditions, including cancer, are characterized by altered miRNA expression levels. Therefore, accurate and sensitive quantification of miRNAs may result in correct disease diagnosis establishing these small noncoding RNA transcripts as valuable biomarkers. Aiming at overcoming some limitations of conventional quantification strategies, nanotechnology is currently providing numerous significant alternatives to miRNA sensing. In this review an up‐to‐date account of nanotechnology‐based strategies for miRNA detection and quantification is given. The topics covered are: nanoparticle‐based approaches in solution, sensing based on nanostructured surfaces, combined nanoparticle/surface sensing approaches, and single‐molecule approaches.
Isolable 2,3‐Disila‐1,3‐butadiene from a Double Sila‐Peterson Reaction
Authors: Motomatsu Daiki , Ishida Shintaro , Ohno Koichi , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA new 2,3‐disila‐1,3‐butadiene (3) was synthesized as pale yellow crystals by a double sila‐Peterson reaction of 1,1,2,2‐tetrasilyl‐1,2‐dilithiodisilane with two equivalents of 2‐adamantanone at 0 °C. In the solid state, the two SiC bonds adopt a synclinal conformation with a dihedral angle of 76.8(1)°. UV/Vis spectra show two distinct absorption bands, assignable to the π(SiC)→π*(SiC) transition, at 371 and 322 nm and the former is considerably redshifted compared with that of structurally similar silenes. The 2,3‐disilabutadiene isomerizes to the corresponding 1,3‐disilabicyclo[1.1.0]butane with the activation parameters of ΔH≠=74.5±5.4 kJ mol−1 and ΔS≠=−71.1±17.1 J mol−1 K−1. DFT studies suggest that the isomerization proceeds through a conrotatory route rather than a disrotatory route. H2O and 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone added across each SiC bond in the 2,3‐disila‐1,3‐butadiene. The UV/Vis spectrum and reactivity of 3 suggest that the interaction between the two SiC bonds in 3 would be significant but rather small compared with that between SiSi bonds in a synclinal tetrasilabutadiene.
Silicone Boronates Reversibly Crosslink Using Lewis Acid– Lewis Base Amine Complexes
Authors: Dodge Laura , Chen Yunqing , Brook Michael A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSilicone elastomers are normally thermosets, which are not readily recycled or repurposed. The few examples of thermoplastic silicone elastomers depend on reversible covalent and non‐covalent molecular interactions. It is demonstrated that amine–boronate complex formation provides a simple and flexible route to reversible crosslinked silicones. A variety of network structures were prepared by use of terminal and pendantly functionalised silicone boronates and amines. The crosslink density was quantified using a combination of Shore‐hardness measurements, swelling, and rheological analyses. Stress induced by compressive force could be relieved through dynamic BN bond reformation at 60 °C. Materials could be fully disassembled through introduction of n‐butylamine and successfully reformed upon removal of the monofunctional amine by evaporation.
Experimental Setup for Incrased Formation of Fouling from Skim Milk Concentrate
Authors: Sprunk Matthias , Nöbel Stefan , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGasblasen an Erhitzeroberflächen haben entscheidenden Einfluss auf das Fouling proteinhaltiger Medien. Mithilfe von Magermilchkonzentrat wurde die Foulingbildung in einer Versuchsanlage bei standardisierten Bedingungen untersucht. Die gebildeten Foulingschichten wurden in Bezug auf Masse, Schichtdicke und Zusammensetzung analysiert. Die Adsorption von Gasblasen an der Erhitzeroberfläche, eine hohe Wandtemperaturdifferenz und eine niedrige Strömungsgeschwindigkeit beschleunigte das Fouling. Das Wachstum der Gasblasen innerhalb der Foulingschicht erhöhte sich mit fortlaufender Versuchsdauer.
A local moment type estimator for the extreme value index in regression with random covariates
Authors: Goegebeur Yuri , Guillou Armelle , Osmann Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article deals with the nonparametric estimation of the conditional extreme value index of a response in the presence of random covariates. In particular, it is assumed that the conditional response distribution belongs to the max‐domain of attraction of the extreme value distribution, and its index is estimated locally within a narrow neighbourhood of the point of interest in the covariate space. The moment estimator, originally introduced in Dekkers, Einmahl, & de Haan (1989), is adjusted to the local estimation context, and its asymptotic properties are investigated under some mild conditions on the response distribution, the density function of the covariates, the kernel function and for appropriately chosen sequences of bandwidth and threshold parameters. The finite sample performance of the proposed estimator is evaluated by means of an extensive simulation study where a comparison with alternatives from the recent literature is provided. We also illustrate the practical applicability of the estimator on the world catalogue of earthquake magnitudes. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 487–507; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Predicted Ligands for the Human Urotensin‐II G Protein‐Coupled Receptor with Some Experimental Validation
Authors: Kim Soo‐Kyung , Goddard William A. , Yi Kyu Yang , Lee Byung Ho , Lim Chae Jo , Trzaskowski Bartosz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHuman Urotensin‐II (U‐II) is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor known.1 Thus, a U‐II antagonist would be of therapeutic value in a number of cardiovascular disorders.2 Here, we describe our work on the prediction of the structure of the human U‐II receptor (hUT2R) using GEnSeMBLE (GPCR Ensemble of Structures in Membrane BiLayer Environment) complete sampling Monte Carlo method. With the validation of our predicted structures, we designed a series of new potential antagonists predicted to bind more strongly than known ligands. Next, we carried out R‐group screening to suggest a new ligand predicted to bind with 7 kcal mol−1 better energy than 1‐{2‐[4‐(2‐bromobenzyl)‐4‐hydroxypiperidin‐1‐yl]ethyl}‐3‐(thieno[3,2‐b]pyridin‐7‐yl)urea, the designed antagonist predicted to have the highest affinity for the receptor. Some of these predictions were tested experimentally, validating the computational results. Using the pharmacophore generated from the predicted structure for hUT2R bound to ACT‐058362, we carried out virtual screening based on this binding site. The most potent hit compounds identified contained 2‐(phenoxymethyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole core, with the best derivative exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.581 μM against hUT2R when tested in vitro. Our efforts identified a new scaffold as a potential new lead structure for the development of novel hUT2R antagonists, and the computational methods used could find more general applicability to other GPCRs.