bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ohmic Heating as a New Efficient Process for Organic Synthesis in Water.
Authors: Silva Vera L. M. , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRepresentative organic transformations, a Diels‐Alder reaction, a nucleophilic substitution, an N‐alkylation and a Suzuki cross‐coupling are performed using a direct ohmic heating reactor.
ChemInform Abstract: Behavior of Sheet‐Like Crystalline Ammonium Trivanadate Hemihydrate (NH4V3O8·0.5H2O) as a Novel Ammonia Sensing Material.
Authors: Leonardi S. G. , Primerano P. , Donato N. , Neri G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe layered material NH4V3O8·0.5H2O is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a neutralized aqueous Na3VO4 solution, (NH4)2SO4, and H2SO4 (pH 2.5, 100 °C, 20—40 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Exfoliated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets as Efficient Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution under Visible Light.
Authors: Yang Shubin , Gong Yongji , Zhang Jinshui , Zhan Liang , Ma Lulu , Fang Zheyu , Vajtai Robert , Wang Xinchen , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFree‐standing graphitic C3N4 nanosheets are prepared by liquid phase exfoliation from graphitic C3N4 powders dispersed in various solvents such as isopropanol, N‐methylpyrrolidone, water, ethanol, or acetone (sonication for 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A Dipolar Cycloaddition Strategy for the Synthesis of 3,8‐Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane Tetrahydroisoquinoline Antitumor Antibiotics. The Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Lemonomycin
Authors: Ashley Eric , Stoltz Brian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReview: 60 refs.
NLO Response of Photoswitchable Azobenzene‐Based Materials
Authors: Liaros Nikolaos , Couris Stelios , Maggini Laura , De Leo Federica , Cattaruzza Fabrizio , Aurisicchio Claudia , Bonifazi Davide 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe nonlinear optical (NLO) response of three π‐conjugated azobenzene (AB) derivatives was investigated under picosecond laser excitation by means of the Z‐scan technique to evaluate the effect of an ethynyl‐based conjugated spacer on the NLO properties of ABs. All modules possessed large third‐order nonlinearity, but unexpectedly it was the less extended AB derivative that exhibited the largest NLO response. This finding has been confirmed by means of DFT calculations and was attributed to a higher cis/trans ratio of the particular AB derivative in its investigated photoequilibrated state. Furthermore, the influence of the amount of cis isomer on the third‐order nonlinear susceptibility [χ(3)] of the less extended AB derivative has been thoroughly investigated. Specifically, modulation of the NLO response has been successfully achieved by tuning the isomeric composition of the investigated photostationary state. These results highlighted the cis‐dependent increase of the NLO response to support the general idea that such compounds can be used for multistep switching NLO materials.
The Microbiome as a Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Rajpal Deepak K. , Brown James R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes and obesity, are growing global health‐care concerns. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to address the emerging epidemic of obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have highlighted the role of gastrointestinal microbial communities in metabolic health and disease. The microbiome, the collective genomic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiota, may have a key role in many chronic diseases through its mitigation of immune‐inflammatory responses. Here we provide an overview of present knowledge about the gut microbiome, its putative role in metabolic diseases and the potential for microbiome focused treatments involving either modulation of the microbial ecosystem or influencing microbiota–human host cross‐talk pathways.
Psychopathy's influence on the coupling between hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and ‐gonadal axes among incarcerated adolescents
Authors: Johnson Megan M. , Dismukes Andrew R. , Vitacco Michael J. , Breiman Chelsea , Fleury Donald , Shirtcliff Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractConduct disorder (CD) is a heterogeneous diagnosis, leading researchers to initiate studies focused on neurobiological mechanisms underlying this disorder. One specifier of CD currently considered for inclusion in the DSM‐V is callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, a key component of psychopathy. CU traits are thought to have neuroendocrine underpinnings, yet little is known about hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and ‐gonadal (HPG) hormones in the context of psychopathic traits. The current study sought to identify daily coupling patterns between HPA and HPG hormones in order to clarify distinct neurobiological underpinning associated with psychopathic/CU traits. Fifty incarcerated adolescent males who met criteria for CD were recruited and provided 10 saliva samples across 2 days. Participants completed the Psychopathy Checklist Youth Version (PCL:YV) and Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits (ICU) on a third day. Diurnal cortisol, testosterone, and DHEA functioning was modeled via hierarchical linear modeling. Psychopathy subscales from the measures administered were used as predictors of daily coupling patterns between these hormones. Results indicated all three hormones were tightly coupled. Further, higher PCL‐YV interpersonal scores related to greater coupling between all three hormones, whereas higher ICU callousness scores related to greater uncoupling of testosterone with cortisol and DHEA. The current study is novel in its emphasis on testing the coupling of HPA and HPG hormones among incarcerated adolescent males. Results suggest that affective and interpersonal psychopathic traits are marked by unique HPA‐ and HPG coupling. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 448–458, 2014.
Patterns of hemispheric specialization for a communicative gesture in different primate species
Authors: Meunier Hélène , Fagard Jacqueline , Maugard Anaïs , Briseño Margarita , Fizet Jonas , Canteloup Charlotte , Defolie Charlotte , Vauclair Jacques 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe review four studies investigating hand preferences for grasping versus pointing to objects at several spatial positions in human infants and three species of nonhuman primates using the same experimental setup. We expected that human infants and nonhuman primates present a comparable difference in their pattern of laterality according to tasks. We tested 6 capuchins, 6 macaques, 12 baboons, and 10 human infants. Those studies are the first of their kind to examine both human infants and nonhuman primate species with the same communicative task. Our results show remarkable convergence in the distribution of hand biases of human infants, baboons and macaques on the two kinds of tasks and an interesting divergence between capuchins' and other species' hand preferences in the pointing task. They support the hypothesis that left‐lateralized language may be derived from a gestural communication system that was present in the common ancestor of macaques, baboons and humans. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 55: 662–671, 2013.
Inhaled corticosteroids for cystic fibrosis—are they worth the risk?
Authors: Robinson Joan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEco‐paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.
Tuning Oxyquinolate Non‐Innocence at the Ruthenium Polypyridyl Core
Authors: Zhao Helen C. , Fu Bi‐Li , Schweinfurth David , Harney Joseph P. , Sarkar Biprajit , Tsai Ming‐Kang , Rochford Jonathan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe electronic structure of [Ru(bpy)2(OQN)]+ (where bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine and OQN = 8‐oxyquinolate) has been revisited using a complimentary suite of theoretical (DFT/TD‐DFT), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and spectroscopic techniques (UV/Vis/NIR absorption, EPR spectroscopy). Through functionalization of the R‐OQN ligand (R = 2‐Me; 5,7‐Me2; 5‐F; 5‐Cl; 5,7‐Cl2; 5‐NO2) charge delocalization across the non‐innocent ruthenium‐oxyquinolate framework has been investigated and correlated with substituent Hammett parameters. Combined spectroscopic and computational studies indicate substantial mixing at the HOMO–3, HOMO and LUMO+2 levels between the Ru and R‐OQN π‐systems allowing controlled tuning of complex redox potentials while maintaining panchromatic absorption characteristics. UV/Vis/NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemical data is reported which shows strong evidence for substituent dependence of hole delocalization onto the R‐OQN ligand following one‐electron oxidation of the hybrid Ru(R‐OQN) based HOMO level. EPR data correlates very well with Mulliken spin‐density calculations confirming non‐innocence of the R‐OQN ligand which allows control of spin‐distribution across the Ru(R‐OQN) π‐system
Divergent Synthesis of α,α‐Dihaloamides through α,α‐Dihalogenation of β‐Oxo Amides by Using N‐Halosuccinimides
Authors: Wang Jia , Li Hongtao , Zhang Dingyuan , Huang Peng , Wang Zikun , Zhang Rui , Liang Yongjiu , Dong Dewen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient and divergent one‐pot synthesis of α,α‐dihaloamides from readily available β‐oxo amides based on the selection of reaction conditions is reported. α,α‐Dihalo‐β‐oxo amides were produced by treating β‐oxo amides with N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS) or N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in water at room temperature, whereas α,α‐dihaloacetamides were synthesized by subjecting β‐oxo amides to NCS or NBS in ethanol under reflux.
A Divergent Method to Prepare 5‐Amino‐, 5‐N‐Acetamido‐, and 5‐N‐Glycolylsialosides
Authors: Boltje Thomas J. , Heise Torben , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , van Delft Floris L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSialic acids are essential mediators of biological processes involving carbohydrate recognition. A major determinant of sialic acid recognition is the N‐5 substituent, which can be an N‐acetyl (human), N‐glycolyl (non‐human), or amine (cancer associated) functionality. Access to homogeneous sialosides with distinct substitution patterns is essential to determine structure–activity relationships. Herein, we report a divergent chemical approach to enable the synthesis of a library of specifically substituted sialosides by using a single sialic acid building block.
Review on Recent Progress on Sandwich‐Structure Hybrid Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Hsin‐Yi , Kao Shao‐Hsuan , Lin Ching‐Fuh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe review the recent developments and techniques applied to hybrid solar cells. Hybrid solar cells have progressed rapidly in the past few years. The highest efficiency of hybrid solar cells has exceeded 10 %, meeting the commercial requirement for production. In addition, their stability has been improved significantly using sandwiched structures with the enormous achievement of retaining their efficiency within 95 % of the maximum value after 4800 h in air without encapsulation. The synthesis of new organic photoactive materials has helped to induce high efficiencies, and new designs for the device structure have led to enhanced stability, which has been a major factor in enabling such significant progress in hybrid solar cells. The latest advances and achievements for hybrid solar cells will be reviewed in this paper.
Psychological Factors Predict Eating Disorder Onset and Maintenance at 10‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Holland Lauren A. , Bodell Lindsay P. , Keel Pamela K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present study sought to identify psychological factors that predict onset and maintenance of eating disorders. Secondary analyses were conducted using data from an epidemiological study of health and eating behaviours in men and women (N = 1320; 72% female) to examine the prospective and independent influence of the Eating Disorder Inventory Perfectionism, Interpersonal Distrust, and Maturity Fears subscales in predicting the onset and maintenance of eating disorders at 10‐year follow‐up. Multivariate models indicated higher Perfectionism (p = .025), lower Interpersonal Distrust (p < .001), and higher Maturity Fears (p = .037) predicted increased risk for eating disorder onset at 10‐year follow‐up, but only Perfectionism (p = .004) predicted eating disorder maintenance. Differential prediction of eating disorder onset versus maintenance highlights potentially different psychological foci for prevention versus treatment efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Improving phasor data concentrators reliability for smart grid
Authors: Chen Zhi , Qiu Meikang , Zhu Yongxin , Qin Xiao , Quan Gang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPhasor data concentrators (PDCs) are the critical components of a wide area monitoring system (WAMS) in the smart grid. They are multi‐processor devices employed to collect, concentrate, and synchronize phasor data that is from various phasor measurement units and from other PDCs. Because of their present significance and potential criticality for WAMS, reliability of PDCs has become a high priority problem. In this paper, we first formally model the reliability problem on PDCs. Then, we propose a novel task scheduling algorithm, two‐phase heuristic task scheduling, to enhance the reliability of a PDC with real‐time constraints of applications. This algorithm seamlessly integrates both tasks scheduling and reliability optimization techniques via appropriately allocate and reallocate tasks to different processors of PDCs. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently guarantee reliability for PDCs with real‐time constraints. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model fire tests on a beam‐to‐leg connection in an offshore platform topside
Authors: Hosseini S. A. , Zeinoddini M. , Saedi Daryan A. , Rahbari M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBeam‐to‐column connections are of great significance as they noticeably influence the mechanical behavior of structures at ambient and elevated temperatures. Observations from full‐scale fire tests confirm that connections play an important role on the resistance time of structural components in fire. Because of the high cost of elevated temperature tests, adequate experimental data on a broad range of connections are not available. One type of such connections is the I‐beam‐to‐circular tubular leg connections in offshore oil/gas platform topsides. Considering the high risk of fire events in offshore oil/gas platforms, our study focuses on the structural behavior of this type of connection at elevated temperatures. Eleven small‐scale experimental tests were conducted on a uniplanar welded steel I‐beam‐to‐tubular chord connection with external diaphragms to investigate their fire resistance capacity. Local strengthening and partial thermal insulating were separately introduced to the connection components. The results show that the external diaphragms play a considerably more important role on the connection fire response as compared with that for the vertical stiffeners. It is also found that the degradations in the connections' stiffness at elevated temperature might be closely correlated with the classical thermomechanical data on steel material. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noisy Inventory Announcements and Energy Prices
Authors: Halova Marketa W. , Kurov Alexander , Kucher Oleg 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study examines the effect of oil and gas inventory announcements on energy prices. Previous estimates of this effect suffer from bias due to measurement error in inventory surprises. We utilize intraday futures data for three petroleum commodities and natural gas to estimate the price response coefficients using traditional event study regressions and the identification‐through‐censoring (ITC) technique proposed by Rigobon and Sack [Rigobon and Sack (2008). Asset prices and monetary policy (pp. 335–370). Chicago: University of Chicago Press]. The results show that the bias in OLS estimates of the price impact of inventory surprises is quite large. The ITC coefficient estimates are about twice as large as OLS estimates for petroleum commodities and about four times as large as OLS estimates for natural gas. These results imply that energy prices are more strongly influenced by unexpected changes in inventory than shown in previous research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:911–933, 2014
Regional variations in vascular density correlate with resting‐state and task‐evoked blood oxygen level‐dependent signal amplitude
Authors: Vigneau‐Roy Nicolas , Bernier Michaël , Descoteaux Maxime , Whittingstall Kevin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become one of the primary tools used for noninvasively measuring brain activity in humans. For the most part, the blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast is used, which reflects the changes in hemodynamics associated with active brain tissue. The main advantage of the BOLD signal is that it is relatively easy to measure and thus is often used as a proxy for comparing brain function across population groups (i.e., control vs. patient). However, it is particularly weighted toward veins whose structural architecture is known to vary considerably across the brain. This makes it difficult to interpret whether differences in BOLD between cortical areas reflect true differences in neural activity or vascular structure. We therefore investigated how regional variations of vascular density (VAD) relate to the amplitude of resting‐state and task‐evoked BOLD signals. To address this issue, we first developed an automated method for segmenting veins in images acquired with susceptibility‐weighted imaging, allowing us to visualize the venous vascular tree across the brain. In 19 healthy subjects, we then applied voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to T1‐weighted images and computed regional measures of gray matter density (GMD). We found that, independent of spatial scale, regional variations in resting‐state and task‐evoked fMRI amplitudes were better correlated to VAD compared to GMD. Using a general linear model (GLM), it was observed that the bulk of regional variance in resting‐state activity could be modeled by VAD. Cortical areas whose resting‐state activity was most suppressed by VAD correction included Cuneus, Precuneus, Culmen, and BA 9, 10, and 47. Taken together, our results suggest that resting‐state BOLD signals are significantly related to the underlying structure of the brain vascular system. Calibrating resting BOLD activity by venous structure may result in a more accurate interpretation of differences observed between cortical areas and/or individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1906–1920, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fast neutron radiotherapy for primary mucosal melanomas of the head and neck
Authors: Liao Jay J. , Parvathaneni Upendra , Laramore George E. , Thompson John A. , Bhatia Shailender , Futran Neal D. , Bhrany Amit D. , Hawes Stephen E. , Ladra Matthew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrimary head and neck mucosal melanomas (HNMMs) are rare tumors managed with surgery and/or radiotherapy and associated with poor outcomes. Given their radioresistance, high linear energy transfer radiotherapy with neutrons may improve local control.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 14 patients with HNMM treated with neutrons at the University of Washington from 1990 to 2012. Five patients had T3 disease, 9 had T4 disease, 3 had regional nodal disease, and 4 had distant metastases at diagnosis. Primary sites were sinonasal (n=10), lip (n=2), and palate (n=2). Ten patients had initial surgical resection/debulking.ResultsNine patients had gross residual disease, 6 had complete response, and 3 had partial response. Local control was achieved in 79% until death or last follow‐up, and 50% developed distant metastases. Kaplan–Meier 5‐year local control was 66% and overall survival was 21%.ConclusionHigh rates of locoregional control were achieved with neutrons, despite the presence of gross disease. Survival was limited by early distant metastases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1162–1167, 2014
Study on the Mechanism of Formation of 1‐Methylheptyl Phenyl Ether by the Isourea Method
Authors: Cuny Eckehard , Jaeger Rolf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe formation of (1R)‐1‐methylheptyl phenyl ether from (2S)‐octan‐2‐ol via its isourea derivative (S)‐1 follows a borderline mechanism. The intermediacy of a carbocation (see (S)‐2) can be demonstrated (Scheme 1). However, the extremely high inversion of configuration and the olefinic by‐products are also indicative of an SN2 mechanism.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 30
Authors: Herdeis Lorenz , Thomas Siji , Bernet Bruno , Vasella Andrea 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe protected G*[s]C*[s]U*[s]A*[s]U*[s]A*[s]G*[s]C* octanucleoside 24 was prepared by S‐alkylation of the thiolate derived from tetranucleoside 23 with the methanesulfonate 22, and transformed to the silylated and isopropylidenated 25, and further into the fully deprotected octanucleoside 26. Compound 22 was derived from the methoxytrityl‐protected tetranucleoside 21, and 21 was obtained by S‐alkylation of the thiolate derived from the dinucleoside 19 with methanesulfonate 17 derived from 16 by detritylation and mesylation. Similarly, tetranucleoside 23 resulted from S‐alkylation of the thiolate derived from 18 with the methanesulfonate 20 derived from 19. Dinucleosides 16 and 18 resulted from S‐alkylation of the thiolate derived from the known cytidine‐derived thioacetate 15 with the C(8)‐substituted guanosine‐derived methanesulfonates 12 and 14, respectively, that were synthesized from the protected precursors 4 and 7 by formylation, reduction, protection, and mesylation.The structures of the duplexes of 25 and 26 were calculated using AMBER* modelling and based on the known structure of the core tetranucleoside U*[s]A*[s]U*[s]A*. The former shows a helix with a bent helix axis and strong buckle and propeller twists, whereas the latter is a regular, right‐handed, and apparently strain‐free helix. In agreement with modelling, the silylated and isopropylidenated octanucleoside 25 in (CDCl2)2 solution led to a mixture of associated species possessing at most four WatsonCrick base pairs, while the fully deprotected octanucleoside 26 in aqueous medium forms a duplex, as evidenced by a decreasing CD absorption upon increasing the temperature and by a UV‐melting curve with a melting temperature of ca. 10° below the one of the corresponding RNA octamer, indicating cooperativity between base pairing and base‐pair stacking.
Axin: An emerging key scaffold at the synapse
Authors: Chen Yu , Fu Amy K.Y. , Ip Nancy Y. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNeurons communicate through neurotransmission at the synapse. Precise regulation of the synaptic structure and signaling during the formation and remodeling of synapses is vital for information processing between neurons. Scaffold proteins play key roles in synapses by tethering the signaling cascades spatially and temporally to ensure proper brain functioning. This review summarizes the recent evidence indicating that Axin, a scaffold protein, plays a central role in orchestrating presynaptic and postsynaptic signaling complexes to regulate synapse development and plasticity in the central nervous system. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(8):685–691, 2013.