bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
World Health Organization‐defined eosinophilic disorders: 2015 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management
Authors: Gotlib Jason 
Published: October 2015

Disease overview: The eosinophilias encompass a broad range of non‐hematologic (secondary or reactive) and hematologic (primary, clonal) disorders with potential for end‐organ damage.Diagnosis: Hypereosinophilia has generally been defined as a peripheral blood eosinophil count greater than 1,500/mm3 and may be associated with tissue damage. After exclusion of secondary causes of eosinophilia, diagnostic evaluation of primary eosinophilias relies on a combination of morphologic review of the blood and marrow, standard cytogenetics, fluorescent in situ‐hybridization, flow immunocytometry, and T‐cell clonality assessment to detect histopathologic or clonal evidence for an acute or chronic myeloid or lymphoproliferative disorder.Risk stratification: Disease prognosis relies on identifying the subtype of eosinophilia. After evaluation of secondary causes of eosinophilia, the 2008 World Health Organization establishes a semi‐molecular classification scheme of disease subtypes including ‘myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, or FGFR1’, chronic eosinophilic leukemia, not otherwise specified, (CEL, NOS), lymphocyte‐variant hypereosinophilia, and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), which is a diagnosis of exclusion.Risk‐adapted therapy: The goal of the therapy is to mitigate eosinophil‐mediated organ damage. For patients with milder forms of eosinophilia (e.g. < 1,500/mm3) without symptoms or signs of organ involvement, a watch and wait approach with close‐follow‐up may be undertaken. Identification of rearranged PDGFRA or PDGFRB is critical because of the exquisite responsiveness of these diseases to imatinib. Corticosteroids are first‐line therapy for patients with lymphocyte‐variant hypereosinophilia and HES. Hydroxyurea and interferon‐alpha have demonstrated efficacy as initial treatment and steroid‐refractory cases of HES. In addition to hydroxyurea, second line cytotoxic chemotherapy agents and hematopoietic cell transplant have been used for aggressive forms of HES and CEL with outcomes reported for limited numbers of patients. Although clinical trials have been performed with anti IL‐5 (mepolizumab) and anti‐CD52 (alemtuzumab) antibodies, their therapeutic role in primary eosinophilic diseases and HES has yet to be established. Am. J. Hematol. 90:1077–1089, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isotopic evidence of human mobility and diet in a prehistoric/protohistoric Fijian coastal environment (c. 750–150 BP)
Authors: Stantis Christina , Buckley Hallie R. , Kinaston Rebecca L. , Nunn Patrick D. , Jaouen Klervia , Richards Michael P. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesBourewa, on the southwest coast of Viti Levu in Fiji, is a multi‐period site that contained burials dated to the later Vuda Phase (750–150 BP), a period of climatic fluctuations that potentially impacted the availability of food resources. We aim to investigate diet and movement at this site during a time of possible ecological pressure and political change.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed δ13C, δ15N, and 87Sr/86Sr of these Vuda Phase individuals (n = 25) interred at the site. By analyzing dentin and bone, both childhood diet and the diet within the past few years of adults' lives were examined.ResultsThe paleodietary results suggested that adult diets consisted largely of low trophic level marine organisms. Dentin and bone isotopic values differed significantly: childhood diet involved consumption of more higher trophic level terrestrial foods. Most individuals displayed 87Sr/86Sr ratios expected of people living along a marine coastline. However, a few individuals displayed 87Sr/86Sr ratios and paleodietary values (δ13Cdentin, δ15Ndentin) suggestive of living further inland or consuming a more terrestrial‐based childhood diet.DiscussionThe results are compared with past studies of sites from Fiji and nearby archipelagoes, placing our interpretations into a wider regional context. The Bourewa community appears to have consumed more low trophic level marine foods than any nearby site, possibly because terrestrial foods were more difficult to acquire. Interpreting the childhood diet is challenging due to the paucity of ethnohistoric literature on Fijian childhood; small meals outside of communal mealtimes or feeding children terrestrial animal protein as a means of cultural buffering are potential explanations. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:478–495, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
De‐novo‐Fragmententwurf für die Wirkstoffforschung und chemische Biologie
Authors: Rodrigues Tiago , Reker Daniel , Welin Martin , Caldera Michael , Brunner Cyrill , Gabernet Gisela , Schneider Petra , Walse Björn , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAutomatisiertes De‐novo‐Moleküldesign führte zur Entdeckung eines neuartigen Inhibitors der Death‐Associated Proteinkinase 3 (DAPK3). Eine erste Kristallstruktur der inaktiven DAPK3 als Homodimer im Komplex mit dem fragmentartigen Liganden zeigt dessen Bindung in der ATP‐Bindetasche. Das verwendete maschinelle Lernverfahren hat neben DAPK3 weitere Targets korrekt vorhergesagt, sowohl für den entworfenen Liganden als auch für den strukturell verwandten und bereits auf dem Markt befindlichen Wirkstoff Azosemid. Die vorliegende Studie bestätigt das Konzept des computergestützten ligandenbasierten De‐novo‐Moleküldesigns als geeignet für die Erzeugung neuartiger Liganden und potentieller Startpunkte für die Wirkstofffindung.
Enantioselective Oxidative Aerobic Dealkylation of N‐Ethyl Benzylisoquinolines by Employing the Berberine Bridge Enzyme
Authors: Gandomkar Somayyeh , Fischereder Eva‐Maria , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Wallner Silvia , Habibi Zohreh , Macheroux Peter , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractN‐Dealkylation methods are well described for organic chemistry and the reaction is known in nature and drug metabolism; however, to our knowledge, enantioselective N‐dealkylation has not been yet reported. In this study, exclusively the (S)‐enantiomers of racemic N‐ethyl tertiary amines (1‐benzyl‐N‐ethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines) were dealkylated to give the corresponding secondary (S)‐amines in an enantioselective fashion at the expense of molecular oxygen. The reaction is catalyzed by the berberine bridge enzyme, which is known for CC bond formation. The dealkylation was demonstrated on a 100 mg scale and gave optically pure dealkylated products (ee>99 %).
β,β′‐Bipyrrole Fusion‐Driven cis‐Bimetallic Complexation in Isomeric Porphyrin
Authors: Sarma Tridib , Kumar B. Sathish , Panda Pradeepta K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented cis‐bimetallic complex of dinaphthoporphycene (DNP), namely [Pd2(μ‐DNP)(μ‐OAc)2], is reported. The most striking feature of this complex is that two palladiums coordinate to the macrocycle on the same side and are closely held together (PdPd: 2.67 Å) by two bridging acetate ligands exhibiting significant metal–metal bonding interaction (bond order 0.18 evaluated by NBO analysis). Interestingly, replacing acetate with acetylacetonate (acac) could stabilize an unusual mono‐palladium complex of DNP, where Pd coordinates unsymmetrically to two ring Ns above the macrocyclic plane, as well as coordinating with two Os of the acac ligand. Remarkably, the rigid DNP core displays enhanced complexation induced aromaticity (as per NICS and HOMA analysis), despite undergoing severe core deformation during complexation with metal ion(s) as noticed from their solid‐state structures.
Dynamic mechanical properties, crystallization behaviors, and low‐temperature performance of polypropylene random copolymer composites
Authors: Wang Xiaomeng , Yin Xiaogang , Wang Lijun , Zhang Chun , Gong Wei , He Li 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) composites were prepared by the addition of either three kinds of thermoplastic rubber (TPR) modifiers (types 2088A, 2095, and 2096) or an ethylene–octene copolymer (POE)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE; 2 :1 w/w) blend. Differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to characterize the crystallization behaviors and dynamic mechanical properties of the PPR composites. The results indicated that PPR/POE/HDPE and PPR/TPR2088A had better comprehensive mechanical properties, especially the low‐temperature toughness among all of the samples. The obtained PPR/POE/HDPE blends showed a high toughness and good stiffness in the temperature interval from −10 to 23°C with the addition of only 10 wt % POE/HDPE. When the temperature continued to fall below −10°C, the PPR/TPR2088A composites exhibited a better impact toughness without a loss of too much stiffness. The good low‐temperature toughness of those two composites was attributed to both the decrease in the crystallinity and the uniform dispersion, obvious interfacial adhesion, and cavitation ability of POE/HDPE and TPR2088A in the PPR matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42960.
Protein/glycerol blends and injection‐molded bioplastic matrices: Soybean versus egg albumen
Authors: Fernández‐Espada Lucía , Bengoechea Carlos , Cordobés Felipe , Guerrero Antonio 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTTwo well‐known proteins have been selected in order to produce bioplastics through injection molding: a soy protein isolate (SPI) and an egg white albumen concentrate (EW). Each of them has been thoroughly mixed with glycerol (40 wt %) and the blend then obtained have been characterized by means of rheological and thermomechanical techniques, which allowed the optimization of the processing moulding conditions (cylinder temperature, 60°C–65°C; mould temperature, 120°C; post‐injection pressure, 500–600 bars). Once bioplastics were obtained, their thermomechanical and tensile properties, as well as their water uptake capacity and transparency were evaluated. Bioplastics containing EW showed higher values in the elastic and loss moduli, E′ and E″, from −30°C to 130°C, than the corresponding SPI bioplastic. However, they both showed qualitatively the same evolution with temperature, where E′ and E″ decreased up to a plateau at high temperatures. When examining their tensile and water uptake properties is found that SPI bioplastics are more ductile and present enhanced water uptake behavior over EW bioplastics, which on the other hand possess higher Young's modulus. SPI seems to provide tougher bioplastics, being an excellent option for potential superabsorbent applications, whereas EW would suit for those applications requiring higher mechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42980.
Preliminary study on the biodegradation of adipate/phthalate polyester polyurethanes of commercial‐type by Alicycliphilus sp. BQ8
Authors: Pérez‐Lara Luis Fernando , Vargas‐Suárez Martín , López‐Castillo Néstor Noé , Cruz‐Gómez Modesto Javier , Loza‐Tavera Herminia 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAccumulation of polyurethane (PU) waste has increased considerably due to its extensive use. Even though many efforts are being carried out to develop more biodegradable PU, the use of these new materials is far from being commercially available. Here, we analyzed the susceptibility of solid polyester polyurethanes (PS‐PU) of commercial‐type, to biodegradation by Alicycliphilus sp. BQ8, a polyurethanolytic bacterial strain. Four polyester polyols were synthesized from dipropylene glycol (DPG) or diethylene glycol (DEG), and adipic acid (ADA) or phthalic anhydride (PHA), and were combined with either 4,4′‐ and 4,2′‐methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) or 2,4‐ and 2,6‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Synthesized polyols and PUs were characterized. PU biodegradation was assessed by the capacity of the polymers to support bacterial growth, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analyses. Although all the synthesized PUs supported BQ8 growth, SEM analysis showed that PHA‐based PU foams were the most affected by bacterial growth. FTIR spectroscopy and GC‐MS analyses of bacterial treated PS‐PUs showed that they were attacked at ester and urethane groups, suggesting that esterase and amidase activities are involved. Extra‐cellular and membrane bound esterase activities were detected during the five days of analysis. Our results suggest that solid PHA‐based PUs might be more susceptible than ADA‐based PUs to microbial biodegradation in the environment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42992.
Identification of peptides derived from the C‐terminal domain of fibulin‐7 active for endothelial cell adhesion and tube formation disruption
Authors: de Vega Susana , Hozumi Kentaro , Suzuki Nobuharu , Nonaka Risa , Seo Eimi , Takeda Anna , Ikeuchi Tomoko , Nomizu Motoyoshi , Yamada Yoshihiko , Arikawa‐Hirasawa Eri 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTDespite the research done on pathological angiogenesis, there is still a need for the development of new therapies against angiogenesis‐related diseases. Fibulin‐7 (Fbln7) is a member of the extracellular matrix fibulin protein family. The Fbln7 C‐terminal fragment, Fbln7‐C, binds to endothelial cells and inhibits their tube formation in culture. In this study, we screened 12 synthetic peptides, covering the fibulin‐globular domain of Fbln7‐C, to identify active sites for endothelial cell adhesion and in vitro antiangiogenic activity. Three peptides, fc10, fc11, and fc12, promoted Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) adhesion, and the morphology of HUVECs on fc10 was similar to that on Fbln7‐C. EDTA and the anti‐integrin β1 function‐blocking antibody inhibited HUVECs adhesion to both fc10 and fc12, and heparin inhibited HUVECs adhesion to both fc11 and fc12. fc10 and fc11 inhibited HUVECs tube formation. Our results suggest that three peptides from Fbln7‐C are biologically active for endothelial cell adhesion and disrupt the tube formation, suggesting a potential therapeutic use of these peptides for angiogenesis‐related diseases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 184–195, 2016.
Iodine seed- versus wire-guided localization in breast-conserving surgery for non-palpable ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Luiten J D , Beek M A , Voogd A C , Gobardhan P D , Luiten E J T 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Breast-conserving surgery for isolated non-palpable ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is associated with high rates of incomplete surgical resection in comparison with unifocal invasive breast cancer. Therefore, accurate preoperative localization of the lesion is very important to facilitate adequate resection. Wire-guided localization (WGL) remains the standard for localization of DCIS. Recently, iodine-125 seed-guided localization (I-125 GL) was introduced as an alternative localization technique. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of these localization techniques in the resection of DCIS by breast-conserving surgery.

Methods
Between March 2006 and June 2013, 169 patients with non-palpable DCIS were treated with breast-conserving surgery. Only patients with pure DCIS on both preoperative core biopsy and definitive pathology were included.

Results
WGL was performed in 78 patients and I-125 GL in 91 patients. The groups did not differ with respect to age, size of DCIS or type of imaging used. Patients in the I-125 GL group had a significantly lower risk of extensively involved resection margins than those in the WGL group (4 versus 13 per cent respectively; P = 0·048).

Conclusion
In patients treated with breast-conserving surgery for non-palpable DCIS, localization with iodine-125 seeds is superior to the WGL technique in reducing the risk of extensively involved resection margins.
Determination of the lipophilicity of Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma (danshen root) ingredients by microemulsion liquid chromatography: optimization using cluster analysis and a linear solvation energy relationship‐based method
Authors: Li Liangxing , Yang Jianrui , Huang Hongzhang , Xu Liyuan , Gao Chongkai , Li Ning 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe evaluated 26 microemulsion liquid chromatography (MELC) systems for their potential as high‐throughput screening platforms capable of modeling the partitioning behaviors of drug compounds in an n‐octanol–water system, and for predicting the lipophilicity of those compounds (i.e. logP values). The MELC systems were compared by cluster analysis and a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER)‐based method, and the optimal system was identified by comparing their Euclidean distances with the LSER coefficients. The most effective MELC system had a mobile phase consisting of 6.0% (w/w) Brij35 (a detergent), 6.6% (w/w) butanol, 0.8% (w/w) cyclohexane, 86.6% (w/w) buffer solution and 8 mm cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide. The reliability of the established platform was confirmed by the agreement between the experimental data and the predicted values. The logP values of the ingredients of danshen root (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma) were then predicted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing research on computer game consumption: A future research agenda
Authors: Seo Yuri , Buchanan‐Oliver Margo , Fam Kim‐Shyan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractComputer games have become an important part of consumer culture. Moreover, they drive cultural and societal advancements that serve and benefit postmodern consumers. In this introductory article to the special issue, we discuss recent developments and outline research directions that will inform future inquiries into the marketing and consumer behaviour issues associated with computer game consumption. We begin with an overview of previous research on computer games in the marketing and consumer behaviour literature. Next, we provide an integrative summary of the articles that were selected for this special issue. Finally, we draw the threads together in order to elicit opportunities for future research in the area. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methane Dry Reforming over Coke‐Resistant Mesoporous Ni‐Al2O3 Catalysts Prepared by Evaporation‐Induced Self‐Assembly Method
Authors: Fang Xiuzhong , Peng Cheng , Peng Honggen , Liu Wenming , Xu Xianglan , Wang Xiang , Li Changqing , Zhou Wufeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMesoporous Ni‐Al2O3 catalysts were prepared in one pot following an evaporation‐induced self‐assembly method (EISA) and used for methane dry reforming. Compared with a traditional Ni/Al2O3 catalyst prepared through impregnation method (IMP), the EISA catalysts display significantly improved coke resistance and activity. It is revealed by small‐angle XRD (SXRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, and TEM that an ordered mesoporous structure was formed in the EISA catalysts, which impedes the aggregation of the Ni sites and aids in the mass transfer of the reaction. In addition, the Ni species in the reduced EISA samples more dispersed, more uniformly distributed, and have smaller crystallite size, as evidenced by XRD, H2 adsorption–desorption, and TEM results. It is speculated that these are the major reasons accounting for the significantly improved dry reforming performance of the EISA catalysts.
Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions of 4‐Substituted Indoles with Nitroethene: A Direct Entry to Ergot Alkaloid Structures
Authors: Romanini Simone , Galletti Emilio , Caruana Lorenzo , Mazzanti Andrea , Himo Fahmi , Santoro Stefano , Fochi Mariafrancesca , Bernardi Luca 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA domino Friedel–Crafts/nitro‐Michael reaction between 4‐substituted indoles and nitroethene is presented. The reaction is catalyzed by BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid catalysts, and delivers the corresponding 3,4‐ring‐fused indoles with very good results in terms of yields and diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. The tricyclic benzo[cd]indole products bear a nitro group at the right position to serve as precursors of ergot alkaloids, as demonstrated by the formal synthesis of 6,7‐secoagroclavine from one of the adducts. DFT calculations suggest that the outcome of the reaction stems from the preferential evolution of a key nitronic acid intermediate through a nucleophilic addition pathway, rather than to the expected “quenching” through protonation.
A Convenient Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Halides with Formic Acid as the Carbon Monoxide Source
Authors: Qi Xinxin , Jiang Li‐Bing , Li Hao‐Peng , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA practical palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative Suzuki coupling of aryl halides under carbon monoxide gas‐free conditions has been developed. Here, formic acid was utilized as the carbon monoxide source for the first time with acetic anhydride as the additive. A variety of diarylketones were produced in moderate to excellent yields from the corresponding aryl halides and arylboronic acids.
Formation of Highly Strained N‐Heterocycles via Decomposition of Iron N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: The Value of Labile FeC Bonds
Authors: Haslinger Stefan , Kück Jens W. , Anneser Markus R. , Cokoja Mirza , Pöthig Alexander , Kühn Fritz E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn unusual, highly‐strained annulated 2,2′‐biimdazole was isolated as decomposition product of the outer‐sphere one‐electron oxidation of an iron(II) N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex bearing a tetradentate bis(NHC)‐bis‐ (pyridine) ligand (NCCN). Reductive elimination leading to the 2,2′‐biimdazole is a consequence of the lability of the FeC bonds in the transient species and also extends to complexes with modified ligands but the same coordination geometry. Closely related by a two‐electron redox step to a family of less‐strained tetraazafulvalenes, the obtained 2,2′‐biimidazolium salts were studied electrochemically. Introduction of methyl substituents at the methylene tether significantly increased the reversibility of the electrochemical reduction. Furthermore, the reactivity of the 2,2′‐biimidazolium salt was examined by oxidative addition of [Ni(cod)2] to the central CC bond, providing a previously unknown way for the formation of NHC transition metal complexes.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Three‐Component Coupling Reaction: Facile Synthesis of α‐Fluoromethylated Tertiary Alcohols
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Kondo Daisuke , Honda Kazuya , Mikami Koichi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA chiral dicationic palladium complex is found to be an efficient Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of α‐fluoromethyl‐substituted tertiary alcohols using a three‐component coupling reaction. The reaction transforms three simple and readily available components (terminal alkyne, arene, and fluoromethylpyruvate) to valuable chiral organofluorine compounds. This strategy is completely atom‐economical and results in perfect regioselectivities and high enantioselectivities of the corresponding tertiary allylic alcohols in good to excellent yields.
Intramolecularly Stabilized Heavier Tetrylenes: From Monodentate to Bidentate ­Ligands
Authors: Cabeza Javier A. , García‐Álvarez Pablo , Polo Diego 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntramolecularly stabilized heavier tetrylenes (HTs) are group 14 metalylenes featuring at least one intramolecular D→E interaction between a two‐electron‐donor group (D) and the group 14 atom (E = Si, Ge, Sn or Pb). With regard to their coordination chemistry, they normally bind to transition metals as monodentate ligands through the lone electron pair of their E atom; however, the donor group D initially involved in their internal stabilization can sometimes migrate from the E atom to the transition metal. This ring‐expansion process transforms the original monodentate (κ1E) ligand into a bidentate one (κ2E,D) and enhances the stability of the resulting complex. This review collects and discusses the hitherto known reactions involving this ligand transformation, also shedding light on the factors that make it possible.