bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frame Stability of Tunnel‐Structured Cryptomelane Nanofibers: The Role of Tunnel Cations
Authors: Gao Tao , Norby Poul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe role of tunnel K+ ions on the growth and stability of tunnel‐structured cryptomelane‐type MnO2 nanofibers (denoted as cryptomelane nanofibers hereafter) has been discussed by means of X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Cryptomelane nanofibers with typical diameters of 20–80 nm and lengths of 1–6 μm have been synthesized by means of a simple hydrothermal reaction of KMnO4 and MnSO4 aqueous solutions at 140 °C. The growth of cryptomelane nanofibers under hydrothermal conditions follows a dissolution–recrystallization process and involves a morphological transformation from a layered precursor to the tunnel‐structured cryptomelane, in which the K+ ions play important roles in templating and stabilizing the tunneled framework. The presence of tunnel K+ ions also enhances the frame stability of the cryptomelane nanofibers at elevated temperatures. The formation of a layered KxMn2O4 (x ≈ 0.26) with a hexagonal phase structure has been observed at about 900 °C. The transformation from tunneled cryptomelane to layered KxMn2O4 also follows the dissolution–recrystallization growth mechanism, in which the diffusion of K+ ions at high temperatures represents a critical process. The topological correlation between the tunneled and layered MnO2 materials might provide useful information for the synthesis of MnO2 nanomaterials with controlled microstructures for different applications.
Copper‐Free Oxime–Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Alkynylation of Deactivated Aryl Bromides and Chlorides in Water under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Buxaderas Eduardo , Alonso Diego A. , Nájera Carmen 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed Heck alkynylation cross‐coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and deactivated aryl chlorides and aryl bromides can be performed in the absence of copper cocatalyst with water as solvent at 130 °C under microwave irradiation. An oxime‐derived chloro‐bridged palladacycle is an efficient precatalyst for this transformation with 2‐dicyclohexylphosphanyl‐2′,4′,6′‐triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) as ancillary ligand, pyrrolidine as base, and SBDS as surfactant. All of the reactions can be performed under air and with reagent‐grade chemicals under low loading conditions (0.1–1 mol‐% Pd).
International Natural Gas: Mitigating Expropriation Risk of Natural Gas Projects
Authors: Weems Philip R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe international energy companies often find the most attractive oil and gas prospects to be located in countries where the risk of expropriation, whether full or partial, looms on the horizon. Although the epicenter of recent expropriations has been Latin America, expropriation risk is certainly not limited to that region. As new resources are discovered in new parts of the globe, many nations are for the first time experiencing major oil and gas operations within their borders. Given the right political and social atmosphere and the rising value of hydrocarbons, any of these nations could become the next expropriator.
Statistical analysis of EMIC waves in plasmaspheric plumes from Cluster observations
Authors: Usanova M. E. , Darrouzet F. , Mann I. R. , Bortnik J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecently, electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave generation in plasmaspheric plumes has been the subject of extensive discussion. Theory predicts that regions of detached cold, dense plasma immersed in relatively low background magnetic field should aid EMIC wave growth and may provide conditions for interaction between the EMIC waves and relativistic (MeV) electrons, leading to energetic particle loss into the atmosphere. Since plasmaspheric plumes are specific to disturbed geomagnetic conditions, the link between EMIC waves and plumes may be especially important for radiation belt dynamics during magnetic storms. In this work, we present an in situ survey of EMIC waves in plasmaspheric plumes using data from the Cluster satellites and will address the question of whether plumes are important for EMIC wave generation from a statistical perspective. We used a survey of plasmaspheric plumes between 2001 and 2006 identified from the Waves of High frequency and Sounder for Probing of Electron density by Relaxation (WHISPER) sounder measurements. We further identified EMIC waves from simultaneous (with WHISPER) magnetic field measurements by the fluxgate magnetometer instruments and investigated the relationship between these two data sets. Only 10% of the time when Cluster‐observed plumes along its orbit did we also observe EMIC waves. The wave occurrence outside plumes is further significantly reduced and is ~20 times lower in immediately adjacent regions than inside plumes. We found that cold plasma density was not a good predictor of EMIC occurrence inside the plumes and that the absolute density does not affect the EMIC probability. On the other hand, enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure significantly increases EMIC wave occurrence rate inside the plumes.
Earthquake synchrony and clustering on Fucino faults (Central Italy) as revealed from in situ36Cl exposure dating
Authors: Benedetti Lucilla , Manighetti Isabelle , Gaudemer Yves , Finkel Robert , Malavieille Jacques , Pou Khemrak , Arnold Maurice , Aumaître Georges , Bourlès Didier , Keddadouche Karim 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe recover the Holocene earthquake history of seven seismogenic normal faults in the Fucino system, central Italy. We collected 800 samples from the well‐preserved limestone scarps of the faults and modeled their36Cl concentrations to derive their seismic exhumation history. We found that > 30 large earthquakes broke the faults in synchrony over the last 12 ka. The seven faults released strain at the same periods of time, 12–9 ka, 5–3 ka, and 1.5–1 ka. On all faults, the strain accumulation and release occurred in 3–6 ka supercycles, each included a 3–5 ka phase of slow (≤ 0.5–2 mm/yr) strain accumulation in relative quiescence, followed by a cluster of three to four large earthquakes or earthquake sequences that released most of the strain in < 1–2 ka. The large earthquakes repeated every 0.5 ± 0.3 ka during the paroxysmal phases and every 4.3 ± 0.9 ka between those phases. Earthquakes on the northern faults produced twice larger surface slips (~ 2 m) and had larger magnitudes (Mw 6.2–6.7) than those on the southern faults. On most faults, the relative strain level was found to control the amount of slip and the time of occurrence of the next large earthquake. Faults entered a phase of clustered activity once they had reached a specific relative strain threshold. The Tre Monti fault is identified as the most prone to break over the next century. Our data document earthquake synchrony and clustering at a broader space and time scale than has been reported to date.
Baking properties and biochemical composition of wheat flour with bran and shorts
Authors: Kaprelyants Leonid , Fedosov Sergey , Zhygunov Dmytro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBran, being a by‐product of grain grinding, is characterised by a high biological value and is thus widely used in food production. In this study, different streams of bran and shorts from the wheat graded milling process were incorporated into wheat flour at levels of 5, 11, 17 and 23% (w/w) to investigate their influence on the nutritional and baking properties of flour.RESULTSBran and shorts streams improved the baking properties of flour blends. The best result in the case of graded flour blends with different bran products was obtained at the 95:5 ratio. The products containing peripheral parts of grain had higher proteolytic enzyme and superoxide dismutase activities and lower trypsin inhibitor content and β‐amylase activity compared with graded flour.CONCLUSIONStreams of wheat milled fractions including peripheral parts of grain increase the content of bioactive substances and dietary fibre in blends with wheat graded flour. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
EPR Investigations into the Kinetics of Trithiocarbonate‐Mediated RAFT‐Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate
Authors: Meiser Wibke , Buback Michael , Sidoruk Alana 
Published: July 2013

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used for measuring rate coefficients of addition, kad, and fragmentation, kβ, together with the associated equilibrium constants, Keq, for butyl acrylate polymerizations mediated by S‐ethyl propan‐2‐ylonate‐S’‐propyl trithiocarbonate (EPPT) and by S‐S’‐bis(methyl‐2‐propionate) trithiocarbonate (BMPT). Experiments at −40 °C yield kad = (3.4 ± 0.3) × 106 L mol−1 s−1, kβ = (1.4 ± 0.4) × 102 s−1, and Keq = (2.6 ± 0.8) × 104 L mol−1 for EPPT and kad = (4.1 ± 0.9) × 106 L mol−1 s−1, kβ = (4.5 ± 0.5) × 101 s−1, and Keq = (8 ± 4) × 104 L mol−1 for BMPT. The Keq values are in satisfactory agreement with data from ab initio calculations.
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Leucine supplementation modulates fuel substrates utilization and glucose metabolism in previously obese mice
Authors: Binder Elke , Bermúdez‐Silva Francisco Javier , Elie Melissa , Leste‐Lasserre Thierry , Belluomo Ilaria , Clark Samantha , Duchampt Adeline , Mithieux Gilles , Cota Daniela 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveHigh‐protein diets favor weight loss and its maintenance. Whether these effects might be recapitulated by certain amino acids is unknown. Therefore, the impact of leucine supplementation on energy balance and associated metabolic changes in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice during and after weight loss was investigated.MethodsDIO C57BL/6J mice were fed a normocaloric diet to induce weight loss while receiving or not the amino acid leucine in drinking water. Body weight, food intake, body composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance, insulin, and leptin sensitivity were evaluated. Q‐PCR analysis was performed on muscle, brown and white adipose tissues.ResultsDIO mice decreased body weight and fat mass in response to chow, but supplementation with leucine did not affect these parameters. During weight maintenance, mice supplemented with leucine had improved glucose tolerance, increased leptin sensitivity, and lower respiratory quotient. The latter was associated with changes in the expression of several genes modulating fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial activity in the epididymal white and the brown adipose tissues, but not muscle.ConclusionsLeucine supplementation might represent an adjuvant beneficial nutritional therapy during weight loss and maintenance, because it improves lipid and glucose metabolism and restores leptin sensitivity in previously obese animals.
Pilot Study: Efficacy of Sensory Integration Therapy for Japanese Children with High‐Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Iwanaga Ryoichiro , Honda Sumihisa , Nakane Hideyuki , Tanaka Koji , Toeda Haruka , Tanaka Goro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study's objective was to investigate the efficacy of sensory integration therapy (SIT) for children with high‐functioning autism spectrum disorder (HFASD). The subjects were 20 HFASD children with IQs above 70 selected from previously collected data. Eight participated in individual SIT sessions, and 12 participated in group therapy (GT) including social skill training, communication training, kinetic activities, and child–parent play for 8–10 months. Changes in Total score and five Index scores on the Japanese version of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers before and after therapy between children in the SIT and GT groups were compared. The results showed that Total score and all Index scores except for Verbal Index increased significantly in the SIT group, while only Total score increased in the GT group. Furthermore, the SIT group showed more improvement compared with the GT group in Total score and on Coordination, Non‐verbal, and Complex Index scores. SIT might have a more positive effect on motor coordination abilities, non‐verbal cognitive abilities, and combined abilities of sensory motor and cognition in children with HFASD when compared with GT. This study has limitations such as being an analysis of previously collected data. Further study should be conducted with a randomized control trial. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution simulations of the night‐time stable boundary layer over snow
Authors: Savijärvi Hannu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe nocturnal stable boundary layer (SBL) over snow was studied via 1‐D clear‐sky simulations at 67oN. Three wind regimes could be identified. A windy SBL was relatively well‐mixed, turbulent cooling rates being moderate and long‐wave (LW) cooling rates weak as gradients of temperature and moisture (T,q) remained small. In calm and near‐calm cases the surface temperature Ts dropped rapidly in the evening, leading to a strong shallow inversion dominated by strong LW cooling. During weak winds (geostrophic wind Vg ∼ 3 m s−1), Ts decreased fairly rapidly in the evening with T2m closely coupled. The nocturnal inversion was moderately strong with strong turbulent cooling in the surface layer. The T,q‐profiles induced moderate LW cooling at mid‐inversion levels but LW heating in the lowest metres, which resisted the strong turbulent cooling. Thus the heating/cooling rates were fairly sensitive to the wind, especially near the surface.The snow surface was coldest after a calm night and warmer at windy sunrises, whereas the coldest air temperatures were obtained during weak winds, provided that the model's stability functions were of the ‘short tails’ type. A maximum in the downward sensible heat flux was associated with this. When the model's multilayer snow scheme was replaced by a coarse scheme, the nocturnal Ts and T2m stayed too warm. The use of old snow properties instead of typical snow produced relatively warm nocturnal temperatures whereas fresh snow led to quite cold temperatures. These aspects may have relevance to the SBL warm biases of large‐scale models.
Experience report: implementation of a multi‐standard compliant process improvement program
Authors: Kaynak Onur , Karagöz N. Alpay 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper explains the experience of an information technology (IT) solutions provider company about the integrated management of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 15504 based process assets library with other related IT standards, which are ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 20000, and ISO 9001:2008. In order to establish and execute an efficient and effective infrastructure, a companywide process improvement program has been conducted. The lessons that are learned from the execution of this process improvement program, key implementation, practices and major challenges are shared in this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Investigation of Surface Active Properties of Counterion Coupled Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Noori Sahar , Naqvi Andleeb Zehra , Ansari Wajid Husain , Akram Mohd , Kabir‐ud‐Din  
Published: July 2013

AbstractThree counterion coupled gemini (cocogem) surfactants in the series 1,6‐bis(N,N‐alkyldimethylammonium) adipate, referred as n‐6‐n (n = 12, 14, 16), were synthesized, purified and characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Their physicochemical properties were investigated by electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements. The degree of ionization, critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess at the air/solution interface (Γmax), minimum area per surfactant molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin), surface tension at the CMC (γCMC), and pC20 (negative log of the surfactant molar concentration, required to reduce the surface tension of water by 20 mN m−1) were calculated. Increase in tail length of the surfactants increases the efficiency of surfactants to decrease the surface tension of water. Thermodynamic parameters, viz. molar free energy at the maximum adsorption attained at CMC (Gmin), standard Gibb's energy of micellization (), and standard Gibbs energy of adsorption (), were also calculated. The and values show that the monomers were preferred to be adsorbed at the air/water interface and then in the micellar formation in the bulk. Additionally, fluorescence measurements were used to find the aggregation number. Other relevant surface properties (Krafft point, emulsion stability, foaming ability, micellar stability and dye solubilization ability) were also evaluated. These results suggest that with respect to emulsion formation, micellar stability and dye solubilization, the cocogem with a 16‐carbon chain gives better results, producing 89 % more stable foams and shows better aggregational behavior.
Fish Oil Decreases C‐Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio Improving Nutritional Prognosis and Plasma Fatty Acid Profile in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Mocellin Michel Carlos , Pastore e Silva Juliana de Aguiar , Camargo Carolina de Quadros , Fabre Maria Emília de Souza , Gevaerd Scheila , Naliwaiko Katya , Moreno Yara Maria Franco , Nunes Everson Araújo , Trindade Erasmo Benicio Santos de Moraes 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids n‐3 (n‐3 PUFA) have several anticancer effects, especially attributed to their ability to modulate a variety of genomic and immune responses. In this context, this randomized, prospective, controlled clinical trial was conducted in order to check whether supplementation of 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks alters the production of inflammatory markers, the plasma fatty acid profile and the nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Eleven adults with CRC in chemotherapy were randomized into two groups: (a) supplemented (SG) daily with 2 g/day of encapsulated fish oil [providing 600 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] for 9 weeks (n = 6), and (b) control (CG) (n = 5). All outcomes were evaluated on the day before the first chemotherapy session and 9 weeks later. Plasma TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐10 and IL‐17A, the pro/anti‐inflammatory balance (ratio TNF‐α/IL‐10 and IL‐1β/IL10) and serum albumin, showed no significant changes between times and study groups (p > 0.05). C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the CRP/albumin ratio showed opposite behavior in groups, significantly reducing their values in SG (p < 0.05). Plasma proportions of EPA and DHA increased 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively, while the ARA reduced approximately 0.6 times with the supplementation (9 weeks vs baseline, p < 0.05). Patients from SG gained 1.2 kg (median) while the CG lost −0.5 kg (median) during the 9 weeks of chemotherapy (p = 0.72). These results demonstrate that 2 g/day of fish oil for 9 weeks of chemotherapy improves CRP values, CRP/albumin status, plasma fatty acid profile and potentially prevents weight loss during treatment.
Association of a 7‐year percent change in fat mass and muscle mass with subsequent cognitive dysfunction: the EPIDOS‐Toulouse cohort
Authors: Abellan van Kan Gabor , Cesari Matteo , Gillette-Guyonnet Sophie , Dupuy Charlotte , Vellas Bruno , Rolland Yves 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction and changes in body composition share common pathophysiological pathways. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate whether changes in appendicular muscle mass (AMM) and fat mass (FM) are associated factors with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in community‐dwelling older women.MethodsA nested case–control study was performed in 181 women aged 75 years and older from a subsample of the Epidemiologie de l'Osteoporose participants from Toulouse. Body composition parameters at inclusion and 7 years later (assessed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry), and the presence of cognitive dysfunction (dementia and mild cognitive impairment) at 7 years of follow‐up, assured by two memory experts based on best clinical practice and validated criteria, were obtained. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed the association of percent change in AMM and FM with risk of cognitive dysfunction.ResultsAt 7 years of follow‐up, 15 participants suffered from dementia, 6 suffered from mild cognitive impairment, and 160 were cognitively normal. Neither body composition changes nor gait speed was found to be statistically associated with cognitive dysfunction after controlling for potential confounders. Only age, over 85 years, was associated with an increased risk of subsequent cognitive impairment (odds ratio 3.10; 95 % confidence interval 1.07–8.87).ConclusionsNo significant association could be evidenced between changes in body composition and cognitive dysfunction. Due to the small sample size, statistical power could be an issue. The study could also suggest the possibility that the risk of cognitive dysfunction is not mediated by changes in body composition.
Disaster Documentation for the Clinician
Authors: Zoraster Richard M. , Burkle Christopher M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDocumentation of the patient encounter is a traditional component of health care practice, a requirement of various regulatory agencies and hospital oversight committees, and a necessity for reimbursement. A disaster may create unexpected challenges to documentation. If patient volume and acuity overwhelm health care providers, what is the acceptable appropriate documentation? If alterations in scope of practice and environmental or resource limitations occur, to what degree should this be documented? The conflicts arising from allocation of limited resources create unfamiliar situations in which patient competition becomes a component of the medical decision making; should that be documented, and, if so, how?In addition to these challenges, ever-present liability worries are compounded by controversies over the standards to which health care providers will be held. Little guidance is available on how or what to document. We conducted a search of the literature and found no appropriate references for disaster documentation, and no guidelines from professional organizations. We review here the challenges affecting documentation during disasters and provide a rationale for specific patient care documentation that avoids regulatory and legal pitfalls. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;0:1–7)
Could Personalisation Reduce Re-offending? Reflections on Potential Lessons from British Social Care Reform for the British Criminal Justice System
Authors: FOX ALEX , FOX CHRIS , MARSH CAROLINE 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRising prison numbers and high rates of re-offending illustrate the need for criminal justice reform. In the social care sector, the ‘personalisation revolution’ has resulted in the near eradication of long-term, institutional care for the majority of people with disabilities and many frail older people, increasing satisfaction. This paper examines what this has entailed and considers the case for introducing personalisation in the criminal justice system. It concludes that criminal justice reformers can learn from the social care experience and suggests how personalisation might fit within the current criminal justice reform agenda. However, introducing personalisation will pose significant challenges, perhaps the biggest being the need to change criminal justice culture.
The second person in “I”-“you”-“it” triadic interactions
Authors: Cleret de Langavant Laurent , Jacquemot Charlotte , Bachoud-Lévi Anne-Catherine , Dupoux Emmanuel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSecond person social cognition cannot be restricted to dyadic interactions between two persons (the “I” and the “you”). Many instances of social communication are triadic, and involve a third person (the “him/her/it”), which is the object of the interaction. We discuss neuropsychological and brain imaging data showing that triadic interactions involve dedicated brain networks distinct from those of dyadic interactions.