bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stellar Evolution in Real Time. II. R Hydrae and an Open-Source Grid of >3000 Seismic TP-AGB Models Computed with MESA
Authors: Joyce Meridith , Molnár László , Cinquegrana Giulia , Karakas Amanda , Tayar Jamie , Tarczay-Nehéz Dóra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive characterization of the evolved thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) star R Hydrae (R Hya), building on the techniques applied in Stellar Evolution in Real Time I (Molnár et al.) to T Ursae Minoris. We compute over 3000 theoretical TP-AGB pulse spectra using MESA and the corresponding oscillation spectra with GYRE. We combine these with classical observational constraints and nearly 400 years of measurements of R Hya’s period evolution to fit R Hya’s evolutionary and asteroseismic features. Two hypotheses for the mode driving R Hya’s period are considered. Solutions that identify this as the fundamental mode (FM) as well as the first overtone are consistent with observations. Using a variety of statistical tests, we find that R Hya is most likely driven by the FM and currently occupies the “power-down” phase of an intermediate pulse (TP ∼ 9–16). We predict that its pulsation period will continue to shorten for millennia. Supported by calculations from the Monash stellar evolution code, we find that R Hya has most likely undergone third dredge-up in its most recent pulse. The MESA + GYRE model grid used in this analysis includes exact solutions to the linear, adiabatic equations of stellar oscillation for the first 10 radial-order pressure modes for every time step in every evolutionary track. The grid is fully open source and packaged with a data visualization application. This is the first publicly available grid of TP-AGB models with seismology produced with MESA.
On the Doublet Flux Ratio of Mg ii Resonance Lines in and Around Galaxies
Authors: Seon Kwang-il 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Observations of metallic doublet emission lines, particularly Mg ii
λ
λ2796, 2803, provide crucial information for understanding galaxies and their circumgalactic medium. This study explores the effects of resonant scattering on the Mg ii doublet lines and the stellar continuum in spherical and cylindrical geometries. Our findings show that under certain circumstances, resonance scattering can cause an increase in the doublet flux ratio and the escaping flux of the lines beyond what is expected in optically thin spherical media. As expected, the doublet ratio is consistently lower than the intrinsic ratio when the scattering medium is spherically symmetric and dusty. However, if the scattering medium has a disk shape, such as face-on disk galaxies, and is viewed face-on, the doublet ratio is predicted to be higher than 2. It is also shown that doublet ratios as low as those observed in compact star-forming galaxies cannot be explained solely by pure dust attenuation of intrinsic Mg ii emission lines in spherical models unless dust opacity deviates markedly from that expected based on the dust-to-Mg+ gas ratio of our Galaxy. The importance of the continuum-pumped emission lines and expanding media is discussed to understand observational aspects, including doublet flux ratios, which can be lower than 1.5 or higher than 2, as well as symmetric or asymmetric line profiles. It is also discussed that the diffuse warm neutral medium may be an important source of Mg ii emission. These results provide insight into the complexity of the shape and orientation of distant, spatially unresolved galaxies.
Resonant Absorption of Standing Magnetohydrodynamic Waves in Coronal Loops in the Absence of Directional Symmetry: The Effect of Plasma Flow
Authors: Bahari Karam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The oscillation properties of standing magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in coronal loops have been investigated. The coronal loop is modeled as a straight cylinder with a purely longitudinal magnetic field and a field-aligned plasma flow. The loop model includes an inhomogeneous transitional layer that causes the wave to be resonantly damped. Our aim is to determine the damping rate of the standing MHD waves in flowing loops, in which the directional symmetry of the loop has been broken due to the presence of plasma flow. To do this, the standing wave has been considered as the superposition of two propagating waves with opposite directions of propagation but the same oscillation frequency and damping rate. Due to the absence of directional symmetry in the loop, it seems that the propagating components of the standing wave cannot have the same oscillation frequency and damping rate. To overcome this problem, in the perturbation method employed, we let both the oscillation frequency and damping rate be perturbed. As the flow speed increases the oscillation frequency of the standing wave decreases but its damping rate increases. As a result, the ratio of the oscillation frequency to the damping rate of the standing wave becomes a more decreasing function of the flow speed. The flow is an important quantity in determining the effectiveness of resonant absorption. In flowing loops even in the case of a thin transitional layer, resonant absorption can result in a damping rate on the order of the period time, which is in agreement with observations.
Data mobilisation at the Fund of Invertebrates of the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Novikov Andriy , Rizun Volodymyr , Susulovsky Andrii , Hushtan Habriel , Hushtan Kateryna , Kuzyarin Oleksandr , Savytska Anastasiia , Nachychko Viktor , Susulovska Solomia , Leleka Dmytro 
Published: August 2024

The described dataset contains occurrence records of invertebrate specimens deposited at the State Museum of Natural History of the NAS of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine (SMNH NASU). It combines diverse taxonomic groups, mostly belonging to the class Insecta of the phylum Arthropoda, that were selected as prioritised for digitisation in war conditions. Selected specimens were ascertained as those being the most vulnerable to hostilities and requiring virtual preservation. Such virtual preservation is essential in the war realities as collection can be lost or damaged at any moment, resulting in a significant retrospective biodiversity data gap. At the same time, collection virtualisation and its deposition on the internet grant remote access to scientists who cannot visit it in person due to the war. Moreover, we believe that the mobilisation of the data from the Ukrainian collections and their publication online are essential for the integration of Ukrainian research facilities into a global scientific biodiversity pool.
A total of 3,660 occurrence records mobilised in 2023-2024 from the collection of invertebrates of the SMNH NASU, were published. This dynamic dataset will be continually supplied by new records during further digitisation work.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern among children admitted to a hospital in Nigeria: A retrospective study
Authors: Oluwo Aderonke O. , Lawal Mary A. , Mabogunje Cecilia A. , Okurame Olubunmi T. 
Published: August 2024

Background: The impact of antimicrobial resistance on children living in resource-limited countries has been underreported, despite its established global threat.Objective: This retrospective study aimed to describe the trend of antibiotic susceptibility in the paediatric age group.Methods: Sensitivity test report data consisting of 300 paediatric patients aged 18 hours to 192 months were retrieved from the microbiology laboratory records at a state-owned children’s hospital in Nigeria over a period of 4 months starting from December 2021 to March 2022. Five genera (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp.) were cultured as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute, using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out on isolates using 15 different antibiotics.Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent pathogen isolated 32.1% (50/156) and Pseudomonas spp. was the least frequent pathogen isolated 7.1% (11/156) in all samples. The isolates with the highest rate of resistance to the tested antibiotics were S. aureus 32.1% (50/156), E. coli 28.2% (44/156) and Klebsiella spp. 20.5% (32/156). Isolates in all age groups were more resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, cefuroxime and cefepime.Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance is high, especially the younger Nigerian children. Strict antibiotic protocols should be adhered to especially in the use of empirical antibiotic therapy in hospitals.What this study adds: Our study reveals a higher trend of antibiotic resistance, especially in younger children. It further shows that the pathogens are most resistant to the most available empirical antibiotics in Nigeria.
Guardians’ involvement in the management of childhood illnesses in Vhembe district, Limpopo
Authors: Tshivhase Livhuwani , Magavha Tshifhiwa A. , Moloko Sophy M. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Guardians’ involvement in the management of childhood illnesses plays a pivotal role in reducing mortality and morbidity among children under 5 years old. It is through the guardian’s eyes that the child can be afforded timely healthcare, prevented from contracting an illness and effectively taken prescribed medication.Aim: The study aimed to explore the guardians’ lived experiences in their involvement in managing childhood illnesses in Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa.Setting: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with 16 purposively sampled participants.Methods: One-on-one individual interviews were conducted with participants. Data were analysed following Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis.Results: Guardians reported their involvement by seeking child healthcare in healthcare facilities when ill and due for immunisations. Involvement in childhood care is performed through assessment of child illness at home, follow-up, referral of children to healthcare facilities, promotion of child health and prevention of childhood illnesses.Conclusion: Children remain dependent on guardians for their well-being. Seeking care, preventing illnesses and promoting childhood health are vital in reducing child mortality and childhood morbidity.Contribution: Involving and empowering guardians regarding the care of children under 5 years old are vital in achieving Sustainable Development Goal number 3 in 2030.
Thrombolysis for Ischemic Stroke Despite Recent Ingestion of Direct Oral Anticoagulants – A Growing Dilemma Also in India
Authors: Meinel Thomas R. , Paramasivan Naveen K. , Menon Bijoy K. , Fischer Urs , Seiffge David J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The administration of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke who have recently ingested direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) presents a clinical challenge due to the perceived increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Traditional guidelines from the US and European authorities advise against IVT within 48 h of last DOAC ingestion, unless specific coagulation tests indicate safety. However, emerging observational studies suggest that IVT might be safe in selected patients. A US stroke registry study and a global multicenter cohort study both reported no significant increase in symptomatic ICH among patients on DOACs compared to those not on anticoagulants. A systematic review of all published observational studies further supported these findings, showing comparable bleeding rates and functional outcomes in DOAC-treated patients. Reversal agents like idarucizumab for dabigatran have demonstrated potential in facilitating safer IVT administration, though logistical and cost-related barriers limit their widespread use. The variability in global guidelines reflects differing approaches to risk assessment and resource availability, highlighting the need for individualized treatment decisions. In India, the increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and stroke as well as prescription of DOACs necessitate adapted guidelines that consider local health-care infrastructure. Despite the promising observational data, the lack of randomized controlled trials underscores the need for further research to establish robust evidence for IVT use in this context. Collaborative international efforts and inclusion of diverse patient populations in future studies will be crucial to refine treatment protocols and improve outcomes for stroke patients on DOACs.
A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Intralesional Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) Vaccine and Auto Implantation for the Treatment of Periungual and Palmoplantar Warts: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abusaria Ravindra , Yadav Chinmai , Jain Vinod , Kachhawa Dilip , Rao Pankaj , Lamoria Anand 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Warts are benign epidermal proliferations, caused by infection of keratinocytes with human papillomavirus (HPV). Auto implantation and intralesional mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine are novel methods of immunotherapy for treating periungual and palmoplantar warts. They act by stimulating the patient’s immune system; this clears not only the local warts but also distant warts with lesser side effects.

Objective:
We conducted this study to compare the efficacy and safety of both methods in treating periungual and palmoplantar warts.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 160 patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 80 patients. Group A was treated with 0.3 mL of intralesional MMR vaccine at an interval of 3 weeks or for a maximum of three sittings, and Group B was treated with auto implantation.

Results:
At the end of therapy, the result was better in group A (MMR vaccine) as 86% of cases yielded an excellent response as compared to 71% in group B (auto implantation). The recurrence rate was 5% in group A and 4% in group B. There were no serious side effects in both groups with pain during injection (70%) in group A and swelling at the recipient site (8%) in group B being the most common side effect.

Conclusion:
Both MMR and auto implantation had significant response rates. But MMR was faster and better.
An Open-Label, Investigator-Initiated, Single-Centre Pilot Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Tofacitinib in Resistant Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: De Abhishek , Pal Shrayan , Singh Sushil , Chakroborty Disha , Godse Kiran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a distressing skin condition characterized by the recurrent appearance of itchy hives. A subset of CSU patients remains resistant to conventional treatment with high-dose antihistamines. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, has shown promise in various inflammatory skin diseases. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral tofacitinib in patients with CSU resistant to antihistamines.

Methods:
This study examined data retrospectively from seven patients who were diagnosed with CSU and were treated with tofacitinib for at least six months. These patients initially exhibited resistance to treatment with four-fold up-dosed antihistamines. One of the patients was already on omalizumab, and another was tried on cyclosporine. The patients were administered oral tofacitinib at a dosage of 5 mg twice daily for six months. Patients were followed up monthly for disease control and side effects. The response to treatment was evaluated using the urticaria activity score over 7 days (UAS7) and urticaria control test (UCT). Paired t-tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance of the results using SPSS version 25 software.

Results:
Six out of the seven patients demonstrated a significant improvement in both UAS7 and UCT scores after six months of treatment with oral tofacitinib. The mean UAS7 score decreased from 24.86 at baseline to 3.83 at the study endpoint (P < 0.0001). Similarly, the mean UCT score increased from 0.57 at baseline to 14 at the study endpoint (P < 0.0001). The standard deviations for both measures were 4.85 and 0.98 at baseline and 3.1 and 3.1 at the study endpoint for UAS7 and UCT, respectively.

Conclusion:
In this six-month follow-up study, oral tofacitinib demonstrated significant efficacy in treating CSU patients’ resistant to high-dose antihistamines. Most patients experienced a remarkable reduction in urticaria activity and an improvement in disease control. These findings suggest that tofacitinib holds promise as a potential therapeutic option for this challenging subset of CSU patients. However, larger, randomized controlled trials are warranted to further investigate the long-term safety and effectiveness of tofacitinib in this population.
Walking a Tight Rope: Occult Lymphoma in a Case of Resistant Dermatomyositis Complicated by Tubercular Lymphadenitis and Gumma
Authors: Chhabra Namrata , Rahim Jemshi S. , Ganguly Satyaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease, characterized by symmetrical proximal myopathy and cutaneous manifestations. DM is associated with upto a 6-fold increased risk of cancer. Complications secondary to underlying cancer are a leading cause of mortality in DM. Here, we discuss the two year clinical course of an elderly male with recalcitrant DM. This case was complicated by tubercular lymphadenitis followed by gumma. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with lymphoma and succumbed to death. This case emphasizes the need to do extensive malignancy screening at regular intervals in DM.
Comparative Study of Trichoscopic Features of Alopecia Areata between Adults and Children and between Different Body Parts (Scalp, Beard, Eyebrow, and Moustache)
Authors: Raheem Aula , Al-Dhalimi Muhsin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Round patches of baldness on the scalp or entire body are typically caused by the common, non-scarring hair loss condition known as alopecia areata (AA). Follicular units with two to four terminal hairs and one or two vellus hairs can be seen on a healthy, typical scalp trichoscopy.

Aim of the Study:
To compare trichoscopic features between adults and children and between different body parts.

Patients and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was performed on 90 patients; AA of the scalp and other body parts attended the dermatology out-patient clinic. A Gen Dermlite D100 Dermoscope was used to examine AA lesions and compare their features according to age and different body parts.

Results:
Scalp was the most common area among all patients, 65.6% (among adults, it was 50%, and among children, it was 85%), with a significant difference, P = 0.001. The most common trichoscopic feature among all patients was empty follicular opening in 74 (82.2%) lesions; among children, it was honeycomb pigment in 35 (87.5%) lesions, while among adults, it was empty follicular opening in 40 (80%) lesions. Tulip hair was significantly higher among adults, P = 0.036. At the same time, honeycomb pigment patterns and pohlpinkus constriction were significantly higher among children, P = 0.044 and P < 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion:
The most common trichoscopic feature of adult lesions was empty follicular opening, while honeycomb pigment was dominant among children. Tulip hair was higher among adults, while honeycomb pigment patterns and pohlpinkus constriction were higher among children.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Teledermoscopy, Face-to-Face Examinations and Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Melanoma
Authors: Yazdanparast Taraneh , Shamsipour Mansour , Ayatollahi Azin , Delavar Shohreh , Ahmadi Maryam , Samadi Aniseh , Firooz Alireza 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Rapid diagnosis of melanoma is necessary for a good prognosis. Using teledermatology and artificial intelligence for this issue is developing, but its diagnostic accuracy is less measured in a clinical setting.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the teledermoscopy method using the FotoFinder device as well as the Moleanalyzer Pro artificial intelligence (AI) Assistant and to compare them with the face-to-face clinical examination for the diagnosis of melanoma confirmed with histopathology.

Methods:
Thirty melanocytic moles of 29 patients were included in the study. Each mole was assessed face-to-face, using FotoFinder teledermoscopy and Moleanalyzer Pro software methods. The results obtained from each method were compared with the results of the gold standard (pathology). The sensitivity and specificity of the three methods were calculated for malignant and borderline versus benign lesions. Inter-method reliability between a gold standard and other methods was evaluated using per cent agreement and Cohen’s kappa coefficient.

Results:
Five moles had a histopathological diagnosis of melanoma, and six and 19 moles were diagnosed as borderline and benign, respectively. Sensitivities and specificities were, respectively, as follows: face-to-face (90.9%, 57.9%), FotoFinder teledermoscopy (63.6%, 78.9%), FotoFinder® Moleanalyzer Pro (36.4%, 42.1%). Agreement with biopsy-obtained diagnosis categories of benign, borderline and malignant for face-to-face was 63.33%, FotoFinder teledermoscopy 73.33%, and FotoFinder® Moleanalyzer Pro 40%.

Conclusions:
Teledermoscopy had the highest agreement with reference diagnosis as well as the highest specificities that caused a reduction of biopsy referrals. The FotoFinder® Moleanalyzer Pro had the lowest agreement. Therefore, it cannot replace dermatologist decision making.
Rare Co-occurrence: A Case Report on Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Pulmonary Metastasis
Authors: Gulwe Vijay Kumar S. , Koleti Kranthi , Yadav Virendra Bapusaheb , Maindarkar Parth Girish , Pawar Sanket Arun , Bhosale Abhay Rajendra , Shewale Vishal 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an inflammatory syndrome marked by excessive activation of macrophages and T-lymphocytes, leading to cytokine overproduction and subsequent histiocytic phagocytosis. Cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to the lungs through nearby tissues, the bloodstream, or the lymphatic system. Eventually, this may result in pulmonary metastasis. Diagnosing HLH and pulmonary metastases is challenging due to the aggressive nature of these diseases. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial for optimal patient outcomes. Here, we present the case of a patient with no previous comorbidities who was admitted to the emergency department with chief complaints of shortness of breath and excessive sweating. Subsequent comprehensive routine clinical and physiological examinations confirmed the patient with HLH. Furthermore, we performed high-resolution computed tomography for the confirmation of pulmonary metastasis and a bone marrow biopsy, for HLH. The primary site for both HLH and pulmonary metastasis was the lung. Unfortunately, the patient succumbed to the illness before the initiation of the prescribed treatment, possibly attributable to a delayed diagnosis. In the present case presentation, we highlighted the role of comprehensive diagnostic evaluation in complex medical conditions related to HLH and pulmonary metastasis, which have rapid progression and high mortality. Further, investigations and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential in leading the development of an appropriate treatment plan for such a complicated condition, ensuring the best possible outcomes for the patient.