bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics of Micellization of Triton X-100 in Aqueous Glycine: Tensiometric and Ultrasonic Studies
Authors: Ali Anwar , Bhushan Vidiksha , Bidhuri Priyanka , Ansari Sana 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Surface tension and compressibility behavior of
p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxypoly(oxyethylene glycol)
(Triton X-100, TX-100) in aqueous mixture of glycine (Gly) have
been studied at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K below and
above the micellar composition range. Critical micelle
concentration, cmc, of the surfactant TX-100 was obtained by
surface tension, γ, density, ρ,
and ultrasonic velocity, u, measurements at
different temperatures. From the surface tension data, the surface
excess concentration, Γ  max

σ
, minimum area per molecule,
A  min , Gibbs free energy,
ΔG

mic

0,
enthalpy,
ΔH

mic

0,
and entropy,
ΔS

mic

0 of
micelle formation have been evaluated. Apparent molar adiabatic
compressibility, κ

ϕ
,
was calculated from density and ultrasonic velocity data. The
values of κ

ϕ
and
apparent molar adiabatic compressibility at infinite dilution,
κ

ϕ

0, in
the pre-micellar region and apparent molar compressibility upon
micellization,
Δκ

ϕ

m
,
were obtained. The observed cmc of TX-100 in aqueous glycine is
found to be smaller than its value in pure water. A comparison of
Γ  max
σ

in aqueous glycine with that in pure water suggests higher
adsorption of TX-100 molecules at the air–liquid interface in the
former solvent than in the latter one. This was attributed to the
highly hydrophilic nature of glycine molecules, causing
dehydration of the surfactant molecules, thereby, facilitating the
adsorption of TX-100 molecules at the air–liquid interface in the
presence of glycine than in its absence. The calculated values of
the Gordon parameter, G
parameter,
suggest that aqueous glycine acts as a good solvent for the
micellization of TX-100 amphiphiles. Negative values of
ΔG

mic

0 and
ΔH

mic

0
indicate that the process of micellization of the surfactant is
spontaneous and exothermic. Moreover, higher values of
− TΔS

mic

0
than those of
ΔH

mic

0
truly endorse the view that micellization of TX-100 in aqueous
glycine is primarily governed by the entropy gain due to the
transfer of hydrophobic groups of the surfactant from the solvent
environment to the interior of the micelle. The trends in the
behavior of the compressibility parameters also endorse the
micellization of TX-100 in aqueous glycine.
A TT Dinucleotide with a Nonionic Silyl Backbone: Impact on Conformation and H-Bond Mediated Base Pairing as Studied by Low-Temperature NMR
Authors: Basílio Janke Eline M. , Weisz Klaus 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A TSiT dinucleotide linked through a nonionic diisopropylsilyl backbone has been synthesized and studied for its self-association through base–base recognition together with a free thymidine nucleoside. To characterize hydrogen-bonded associates in more detail, NMR measurements were performed in a freonic solvent at temperatures as low as 113 K in the slow hydrogen bond exchange regime. For the thymidine, TT base pairs with both the 2- and 4-carbonyl engaged in hydrogen bonds to the imino proton were observed. Whereas hydrogen bonds to the O4 acceptor are stronger as evidenced by a more deshielded proton in the hydrogen bridge when compared to hydrogen bonds to the O2 acceptor, the latter is nevertheless slightly favored over O4 in the H-bond formation of TT base pairs. The diisopropylsilyl linkage of the TSiT dinucleotide has no significant impact on the geometry and strength of formed NH–O2 and NH–O4 hydrogen bonds indicating, that the silyl backbone does not compromise the alignment of bases and does not pose any restrictions to the cyclic hydrogen bond formation between thymidines of the two strands. However, NMR results point to an exclusive formation of TSiT duplexes with an antiparallel strand orientation.
One hundred and six years of population and community dynamics of Sonoran Desert Laboratory perennials
Authors: Rodriguez-Buritica Susana , Raichle Helen , Webb Robert H. , Turner Raymond M. , Venable Larry 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis data set constitutes all information associated with the Spalding‐Shreve permanent vegetation plots from 1906 through 2012, which is the longest‐running plant monitoring program in the world. The program consists of detailed maps of all Sonoran Desert perennial plants in 30 permanent plots located on Tumamoc Hill, near Tucson, Arizona, USA. Most of these plots are 10 m × 10 m quadrats that were established by Volney Spalding and Forrest Shreve between 1906 and 1928. Analyses derived from these data have been pivotal in testing early theories on plant community succession, plant life history traits, plant longevity, and population dynamics. One of the major contributions of this data set is the species‐specific demographic traits that derived from estimating individual plant trajectories for more than 106 years. Further use of these data might shed light on spatially explicit population and community dynamics, as well as long‐term changes attributable to global change.Data presented here consist of digital versions of original maps created between 1906 and 1984 and digital data from recent censuses between 1993 and 2012. Attributes associated with these maps include location and coverage of all shrubs, and in some cases, plant height. In addition, we present plot‐specific summaries of plant cover and density for each census year and all other information collected, including seedling counts, grass coverage, and annual species enumerations. We reference the repeat photography of these plots, which began in 1906; these images are stored at the Desert Laboratory Collection of Repeat Photography in Tucson. Initial data collection consisted of grid‐mapping the plots manually on graph paper; starting in 1993, Total Stations (which allow a direct digitalization, and more accurate mapping) were used to survey root crowns and canopies.
Behavioral Work Outcomes of a Strategic Performance Measurement System-Based Incentive Plan
Authors: Burney Laurie L. , Widener Sally K. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT:
Strategic performance measurement systems (SPMS) that translate a firm's strategy to its employees are increasingly used. We examine whether the extent to which an SPMS is coupled with strategy affects employee performance indirectly through motivational characteristics including perceived self-efficacy and perceived psychological contract. Using data from 242 employees, we find evidence that the extent to which an SPMS is tightly coupled with strategy affects employee performance through perceived self-efficacy and perceived psychological contract. Self-efficacy is a critical dimension of intrinsic motivation. Thus, an implication of our findings is that tightly coupling an SPMS-based incentive plan with strategy facilitates internalized motivated behaviors. We also find that our hypothesized results hold across varying levels of two types of employee climate. However, the workforce's age and education levels serve as boundary conditions since we find that the relation between self-efficacy and employee performance holds only for the older, less-educated employees.
Data Availability: Data used in this study cannot be made public due to a confidentiality agreement with the participating firm.
Do Auditing Standards Matter?
Authors: Knechel W. Robert 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
Properly understanding the economic role of auditing standards is an important step toward improving both audit effectiveness and efficiency. In this essay, I observe that auditing standards are most important when an auditor may have an incentive to under-audit. While this conclusion may not come as a surprise, the conditions under which standards may, or may not, have a desirable effect on audit quality are less obvious. More specifically, I present a number of observations about what standards can do: Standards can (1) compensate for the lack of observability of the audit outcome by focusing on the audit process; (2) partially mitigate the information advantage possessed by the auditor as a professional expert that might motivate the auditor to under-audit; (3) counterbalance the diversity of demand across multiple stakeholders that might drive the audit to the lowest common denominator and create a market based on adverse selection; and (4) provide a benchmark that facilitates the calibration of an auditor's legal liability in the event of a substandard audit. However, I also present a number of observations about what standards should not try to do: Standards should not (1) discourage the use of judgment by auditors; (2) limit the potential demand for economically valuable alternative levels of assurance; (3) lead to excessive procedural routine or standardization in the conduct of the audit; and (4) be set based on an enforcement agenda. In the end, standards overreach may undermine the economic value of the audit to many stakeholders and lead to fee pressure for audit firms. Hopefully, these insights can inform future debates about the level and types of standards that are appropriate for the auditing profession.
Bias, precision and validation of ageing 0+ European barbel Barbus barbus (L.) from their otoliths
Authors: Vilizzi Lorenzo , Copp Gordon 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The European barbel Barbus barbus L. is considered a ‘flag’ species for river conservation and sport fishing, but it is increasingly threatened in its native range of distribution. To provide accurate age estimates during early life for appropriate management and conservation measures, the bias and precision of otolith (daily) micro-increment counts were evaluated and age determinations validated on laboratory-reared embryos and larvae. Out of the three pairs of otoliths, the lapillus and sagitta provided reliable age estimates for free embryos and larvae up to 17 days of (known) age post-fertilisation, with first micro-increment formation occurring five days postfertilisation. On the other hand, micro-increments on asterisci formed only 16–17 days post-fertilisation. There was agreement in microincrement counts based on lapilli and sagittae, but not between interpreters, indicating that despite consistency between the two pairs of otoliths extensive training and experience are required for reliable age interpretation. The ability to estimate the ages of 0+ B. barbus from their otoliths will contribute to a better understanding of growth rates from both hatchery-stocked and native/introduced cohorts.
Blackfly (Diptera, Simuliidae) communities and species richness estimation in Carpathian montane streams
Authors: Štangler Andrej , Halgoš Jozef , Beracko Pavel 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The present work gives the result of blackfly fauna research of the Slovenský raj (West Carpathians, Slovakia). Our aim was to describe the composition of blackfly communities, find indicator species for communities, describe environmental factors affecting communities and determine the potential changes in species richness. Research was carried out in 2007 and 2008. The presence of 22 species of blackflies was confirmed at 20 sites in the area of Slovenský raj. 12 species were recorded for the first time in this area. The potential for further increase in diversity was calculated by a nonparametric estimation of species richness. Two main groups of sites with their typical blackflies communities were indentified using a TWINSPAN analysis. The presence of Simulium ornatum, S. variegatum and S. argyreatum was typical in larger streams in broad valleys. The absence or low abundance of these species was typical for smaller streams in canyons. Based on the species composition of blackflies communities, we identified 6 groups of sites: 1. anthropogenically disturbed submountain rivers (typical species: Simulium
ornatum, S. reptans, S. equinum), 2. undisturbed metarhithral (typical species: Simulium bertrandi, S. codreanui, S. costatum, S. vernum, S. argenteostriatum, S. degrangei, S. argyreatum, S. variegatum), 3. undisturbed hyporhithral (typical species: Simulium
trifasciatum, S. tuberosum), 4. undisturbed epirhithral (typical species: Prosimulium hirtipes, P. rufipes), 5. hypocrenal (typical species: Simulium cryophilum, S. monticola) and 6. anthropogenically disturbed epirhithral (typical species: Simulium brevidens, S. maximum). The most important environmental factors explaining differences in species composition like altitude, flow speed, pH, conductivity, oxygen saturation, sulphates concentration and presence of riparian vegetation were identified by the CCA analysis.
Erratum to: “The Luc2 gene enhances reliability of bicistronic assays”
Authors: Mašek Tomáš , Vopalenský Václav , Pospíšek Martin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Paper by Masek et al. “The Luc2 gene enhances reliability of bicistronic assays” in Volume 8, Issue 5, 423–431 / May 2013; DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0151-z contains incomplete graphic file inserted as Figure 2. The correct Figure 2, together with its caption is presented below.
Efficient synthesis of carbon nanotubes with improved surface area by low-temperature solvothermal route from dichlorobenzene
Authors: Krishnamurthy Gantigaiah , Agarwal Sarika 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of well-aggregated carbon nanotubes in the form of bundles was achieved by the catalytic reduction of 1,2-dichlorobenzene by a solvothermal approach. The use of 1,2-dichlorobenzene as a carbon source yielded a comparably good percentage of carbon nanotubes in the range of 60–70 %, at a low reaction temperature of 200°C. The products obtained were analysed by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The X-ray diffraction studies implied the presence of pure, crystalline, and well-ordered carbon nanotubes. The scanning electron and transmission electron microscopic images revealed the surface morphology, dimensions and the bundled form of the tubes. These micrographs showed the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an outer diameter of 30–55 nm, inner diameter of 15–30 nm, and lengths of several hundreds of nanometers. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller-based N2 gas adsorption studies were performed to determine the surface area and pore volume of the carbon nanotubes. These carbon nanotubes exhibit a better surface area of 385.30 m2 g−1. In addition, the effects of heating temperature, heating time, amount of catalyst and amount of carbon source on the product yield were investigated.
Le somatopsychique comme résistance dans les cliniques péri-pubertaires de l'excitation
Authors: Boucherat-Hue Valérie , Peretti Pascale , Rolland Annie 
Published: April 2013

Le processus d’« adultisation » est une étape développementale particulièrement périlleuse, en ce qu’elle fait suite à l’envahissement pulsionnel pubertaire qui nécessite une médiatisation opérante dans la confrontation au réel et au social. À partir de la clinique de l’actualisation somatique, qui témoigne de la précarité des ressources mentales face à un conflit psychique, et s’accompagne dans certains cas de la mise en œuvre d’une défense caractéro-comportementale, constitutive du handicap somatopsychique, mais susceptible de permettre de contre-investir les effets d’un trauma archaïque, nous proposons ici d’interroger les problématiques de l’excitation corporopsychique, et de discuter du concept d’(ab)négation comme mécanisme défensif spécifique, distinct des autres formes classiques de négation défensive.
L'autre du génie : valeurs et usages du bizarre
Authors: Perras Jean-Alexandre 
Published: April 2013

S’il est une négativité du bizarre et une positivité du génie, au xviii e siècle, c’est d’abord parce que ces deux figures se distinguent communément d’une certaine norme. Leur articulation pivote autour de la notion polyvalente d’« originalité », évaluée selon la manière dont elle est digérée par la communauté. Il y a une faille entre les usages et l’innovation, dans laquelle le bizarre tombe et que comble le génie, mettant au jour la difficile négociation entre le singulier et le commun.
Bonneville et le Cercle social, ou le bizarre en Révolution
Authors: Brasart Patrick 
Published: April 2013

Jugé « bizarre » par ses contemporains, Bonneville, poète, traducteur, acteur de la Révolution, témoigne des valences diverses de cet adjectif (en train de se charger de valeurs nouvelles), tant par le « Cercle social », entreprise composite et bigarrée, que par ses conceptions illuministes, confrontant la raison avec ce qui la dépasse, et par l’écart de son œuvre critique et poétique par rapport à la norme néo-classique alors dominante.
Drawing on Wilcock: An Investigation of the Impact of Her Published Work on Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
Authors: Kosma Anastasia , Bryant Wendy , Wilson Lesley 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Ann Wilcock's published work identifies the fundamental importance of occupation in promoting health, wellbeing and even survival. Despite the implications for occupational therapy, the impact of her work has not been comprehensively explored. This research investigated how her ideas were used in published research from 1993 to 2007. Method and findings: Mixed methods obtained two sets of data. First, qualitative data from a textual analysis of Wilcock's published work were analysed and used to create a glossary and a conceptual framework of her ideas. Secondly, content analysis of 48 research papers yielded 121 citations, which were coded into categories. The findings indicated that her ideas did not appear to be embraced fully by other authors and were sometimes applied superficially. Discussion: The conceptual framework was refined and finalised, to demonstrate how Wilcock's ideas are interrelated. It is presented as a means of developing an accessible occupational perspective for research and practice.
Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Debonding Properties of a Conventional Composite and Flowable Composites used for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding
Authors: Shivalinga BM , Pradeep S , Shanthraj Ravi , Kiran H Jyothi 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate and compare shear bond strength (SBS) and debonding characters of the Transbond XT (BisGMA-based composite), Esthet-X flow (flowable composite), Filtek Z-350 (flowable composite).Materials and methodsA total of 90 human premolars were divided into group I, Transbond XT (n = 30); group II, Esthet-X flow (n = 30) and group III, Filtek Z-350 (n = 30), the preadjusted edgewise stainless steel premolar brackets were bonded to evaluate the shear bond and debonding properties.ResultsThe results of the statistical analysis comparing the three groups indicated no statistically significant differences between the groups. In general, the SBS with groups I and III exhibited similar bond strength with 11.58 ± 1.3 MPa and 11.07 ± 1.0 MPa respectively. Groups III exhibited least bond strength of 10.7 ± 2 MPa. In modified adhesive remnant index (ARI) the majority of bond failures occurred at enamel-adhesive interface or cohesive type failure in all the three groups. Groups II and III showed increased frequency of score 2, 4 and 5 compared to group I which showed increased frequency of score 0 and 1.ConclusionWhen considering the SBS and ARI scores obtained, flowable composites can be effectively applied to orthodontic bracket bonding.How to cite this articlePradeep S, Shanthraj R, Kiran HJ, Shivalinga BM. Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Debonding Properties of a Conventional Composite and Flowable Composites used for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding. World J Dent 2013;4(1):6-16.
Facial Divine Proportions in Attractive North Indian Females: A Photographic Study
Authors: Tripathi Anand Awadhesh , Tandon Ragni Pradip , Hantodkar Navin 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of the study is to find the divine proportion in young attractive North Indian women.

Materials and methods
Thirty young unmarried women perceived to be attractive out of 100 subjects (18-26 years age group) representing North Indian population were selected by a panel of judges from different background. Divine proportions were evaluated in these women by using Ricketts RM (1982) Divine Proportion Analysis on frontal facial photographs.

Results and observations
The subjects in the group adhered to the golden proportions. The ‘t’ test was significant (t < 2.05) for facial height and width ratios.

Conclusion
Ratios in transverse and vertical dimension as well as soft tissue of attractive face affirm to the divine proportion.

How to cite this article
Tripathi AA, Tandon RP, Hantodkar N. Facial Divine Proportions in Attractive North Indian Females: A Photographic Study. World J Dent 2013;4(1):41-46.
An in vivo Study of Variations in the Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular First Molar using Surgical Operating Microscope
Authors: Ahmed Sayed Abrar Bashir , Pawar Mansing Ganpati 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe success of endodontic therapy depends upon the ability of the clinician to locate, clean, shape and completely obturate all the root canal systems present in a tooth. In the recent times number of additional canals vs traditional canals has been very striking and pointing toward a greater degree of variation in the root canal morphology which needs to studied, understood and born in mind during practice so as to enhance the success. Introduction of surgical operating microscope is a major breakthrough in enhancement of vision in endodontics which not only gives required magnification but also coaxial illumination and video output. These facilities should be of a great help in location of small otherwise difficult to locate accessory canals.Materials and methodsThis in vivo study was planned to study variations in the canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular first molar using surgical operating microscope using 200 first molar teeth, 100 maxillary and 100 mandibular groups, each group to be divided into 50 males and 50 female subgroups. After access opening chambers were cleaned, dried and observed and imaged under the microscope.ResultsThe observations were recorded and incidences of variations in anatomy were analyzed subjecting the same to SPSS version 16.0.ConclusionIt was observed that surgical operating microscope enhances clinician's ability to locate additional canals in the teeth.How to cite this articleAbrar BAS, Pawar MG. An in vivo Study of Variations in the Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular First Molar using Surgical Operating Microscope. World J Dent 2013;4(1):47-55.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Shivalinga BM , Avinash Bhagyalakshmi , Jain Sunny 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
When a new patient seeks orthodontic treatment, the orthodontist is obliged to treat the patient. But if that patient has a complaint which is inconspicuous or if he/she is not satisfied with the treatment provided, it worries the orthodontist what has to be done further.
There are a number of patients having a level of psychological distress that warrants intervention. Such patients visit the orthodontists for the correction of their ‘imagined’ defect. These patients are known to have body dysmorphic disorder (BDD).
In this article, we have made an attempt to create awareness among clinicians about BDD, its etiology, symptoms and management. This article also throws light on identifying such patients.

How to cite this article
Avinash B, Avinash BS, Shivalinga BM, Jain S. Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Orthodontic Patients. World J Dent 2013;4(1):56-59.