bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional study of osteocalcin and body fat measures among obese adolescents
Authors: Lenders Carine M. , Lee Phillip D.K. , Feldman Henry A. , Wilson Darrell M. , Abrams Stephanie H. , Gitelman Stephen E. , Klish William J. , Wertz Marcia S. , Taylor George A. , Alongi Richard T. , Chen Tai C. , Holick Michael F. ,   for the Elisabeth Glaser Pediatric Research Network Obesity Study Group
Published: May 2013

AbstractOsteocalcin (OCN), a marker of osteoblast activity, has been implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton and thus may affect body fat measures.Objective:To examine the relationships of OCN to body fat measures and whether they vary according to markers of energy and vitamin D metabolism.Design and Methods:Data were obtained from 58 obese adolescents aged 13‐17.9 years (38 females, 8 black or African‐American). Total fat mass (FM) [dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)] and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [computerized axial tomography (CT)] were calculated. Blood tests included leptin, OCN, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH), thyroid function tests, and triglycerides. Markers of glucose metabolism were obtained from fasting and OGTT samples.Results and Conclusions:Adolescents with 25(OH)D <20 ng mL−1 were considered deficient (n = 17/58); none had high PTH (PTH ≥ 65 pg mL−1). OCN was associated with lower VAT (−84.27 ± 33.89 mm2) and BMI (−0.10 ± 0.05 kg m−2), not FM (P = 0.597) in a core model including age, sex, race, geographic latitude, summer, height z‐score, and tanner stage. Adding 25(OH)D deficiency and PTH attenuated the inverse association of OCN to VAT. There was a significant interaction of OCN and 25(OH)D deficiency on FM (0.37 ± 0.18 kg, P = 0.041) and BMI (0.28 ± 0.10 kg m−2, P = 0.007) in this adjusted model, which was further explained by leptin. Adding A1C to the core model modified the relationship of OCN to VAT (−93.08 ± 35.05 mm2, P = 0.011), which was further explained by HOMA‐IR. In summary, these findings provide initial evidence for a relationship between OCN and body fat measures that is dependent on energy metabolism and vitamin D status among obese adolescents.
Parental obesity moderates the relationship between childhood appetitive traits and weight
Authors: Fuemmeler Bernard F. , Lovelady Cheryl A. , Zucker Nancy L. , Østbye Truls 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:In this study, the independent and combined associations between childhood appetitive traits and parental obesity on weight gain from 0 to 24 months and body mass index (BMI) z‐score at 24 months in a diverse community‐based sample of dual parent families (n = 213) were examined.Design and Methods:Participants were mothers who had recently completed a randomized trial of weight loss for overweight/obese postpartum women. As measures of childhood appetitive traits, mothers completed subscales of the Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire, including Desire to Drink (DD), Enjoyment of Food (EF), and Satiety Responsiveness (SR), and a 24‐h dietary recall for their child. Heights and weights were measured for all children and mothers and self‐reported for mothers' partners. The relationship between children's appetitive traits and parental obesity on toddler weight gain and BMI z‐score were evaluated using multivariate linear regression models, controlling for a number of potential confounders.Results:Having two obese parents was related to greater weight gain from birth to 24 months independent of childhood appetitive traits, and although significant associations were found between appetitive traits (DD and SR) and child BMI z‐score at 24 months, these associations were observed only among children who had two obese parents. When both parents were obese, increasing DD and decreasing SR were associated with a higher BMI z‐score.Conclusions:The results highlight the importance of considering familial risk factors when examining the relationship between childhood appetitive traits on childhood obesity.
Association between adiponectin and heart failure risk in the physicians' health study
Authors: Djoussé Luc , Wilk Jemma B. , Hanson Naomi Q. , Glynn Robert J. , Tsai Michael Y. , Gaziano J. Michael 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:To assess the association between adiponectin and incident heart failure (HF).Design and Methods:In the current ancillary study to the Physicians' Health Study (PHS), we used a prospective nested case‐control design to examine whether plasma adiponectin concentration was related to the risk of HF. We selected 787 incident HF cases and 787 matched controls for the current analysis. Each control was selected using a risk set sampling technique at the time of the occurrence of the index case and matched on year of birth, age at blood collection, and race. Adiponectin was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. HF occurrence was self‐reported in annual follow‐up questionnaire. Validation of self‐reported HF in this cohort has been published.Results:The mean age was 58.7 years. In a conditional logistic regression adjusting for age, race, time of blood collection, year of birth, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise, estimates of the relative risk (95% confidence interval) were 1.0 (reference), 0.74 (0.53‐1.04), 0.67 (0.48‐0.94), 0.70 (0.50‐0.99), and 0.92 (0.65‐1.30) from the lowest to the highest quintile of adiponectin, respectively, P for quadratic trend 0.004. Additional adjustment for potential mediating factors including diabetes, C‐reactive protein, and BMI led to the attenuation of the estimate of effect (1.0 (reference), 0.81 (0.57‐1.15), 0.75 (0.53‐1.06), 0.83 (0.58‐1.18), and 1.26 (0.87‐1.81) across consecutive quintiles of adiponectin).Conclusions:Our data are consistent with a J‐shaped association between total adiponectin and the risk of HF among US male physicians.
Gastric bypass does not normalize obesity‐related changes in ghrelin profile and leads to higher acylated ghrelin fraction
Authors: Barazzoni Rocco , Zanetti Michela , Nagliati Carlo , Cattin Maria Rosa , Ferreira Clara , Giuricin Michela , Palmisano Silvia , Edalucci Elisabetta , Dore Franca , Guarnieri Gianfranco , de Manzini Nicolò 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Gastric bypass (GBP) lowers food intake, body weight, and insulin resistance in severe obesity (SO). Ghrelin is a gastric orexigenic and adipogenic hormone contributing to modulate energy balance and insulin action. Total plasma ghrelin (T‐Ghr) level is low and inversely related to body weight and insulin resistance in moderately obese patients, but these observations may not extend to the orexigenic acylated form (A‐Ghr) whose plasma concentration increase in moderate obesity.Design and Methods:We investigated the impact of GBP on plasma T‐, A‐, and A/T‐Ghr in SO patients (n = 28, 20 women), with measurements at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Additional cross‐sectional comparison was performed between nonobese, moderately obese, and SO individuals before GBP and at the end of the follow‐up period.Results:Before GBP, SO had lowest T‐Ghr and highest A/T‐Ghr profile compared with both nonobese and moderately obese individuals. Lack of early (0‐3 months from GBP) T‐Ghr changes masked a sharp increase in A‐Ghr and A/T‐Ghr profile (P < 0.05) that remained elevated following later increments (6‐12 months) of both T‐ and A‐Ghr (P < 0.05). Levels of A‐Ghr and A/T‐Ghr at 12 months of follow‐up remained higher than in matched moderately obese individuals not treated with surgery (P < 0.05).Conclusions:The data show that following GBP, early T‐Ghr stability masks elevation of A/T‐Ghr, that is stabilized after later increments of both T‐ and A‐hormones. GBP does not normalize the obesity‐associated elevated A/T‐Ghr ratio, instead resulting in enhanced A‐Ghr excess. Excess A‐Ghr is unlikely to contribute to, and might limit, the common GBP‐induced declines of appetite, body weight, and insulin resistance.
Expression of activating transcription factor 2 in inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue
Authors: Miyata Yugo , Fukuhara Atsunori , Otsuki Michio , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:White adipose tissue (WAT) of obesity is in the state of inflammation with progressive infiltration by macrophages and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can induce WAT dysfunction, including insulin resistance and adipocytokine dysregulation. Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the ATF/cAMP response element binding family of transcription factors and known to be activated by cellular stressors, such as inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and ROS.Design and Methods, Results:Here, we show that ATF2 protein was significantly more induced in WAT of ob/ob mice compared with C57BL/6J mice. Total and phosphorylated ATF2 were highly expressed in infiltrated macrophages. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ATF2 expression was high in CD11c‐positive/CD301‐negative M1 macrophages. Phosphorylation of ATF2 was induced by treatment with either H2O2 or LPS in RAW264.7 macrophage cells, and suppression of ATF2 expression by small‐interfering RNA induced mRNA levels of ATF3, an anti‐inflammatory molecule in macrophages in WAT.Conclusions:These results suggest that ATF2 is an important transcriptional factor relating to inflammation through the suppression of ATF3 in M1 macrophages of WAT.
The effects of NOD activation on adipocyte differentiation
Authors: S. Purohit Jaanki , Hu Pan , Burke Susan J. , Collier J. Jason , Chen Jiangang , Zhao Ling 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. Toll‐like receptors (TLR) and NOD‐like receptors (NLR) are two families of pattern recognition receptors that play important roles in immune response and inflammation in adipocytes. It has been reported that TLR4 and TLR2 activation induce proinflammatory changes that impair adipocyte differentiation. However, the effects of activation of NOD1 and NOD2, the two prominent members of NLR, on adipocyte differentiation have not been studied.Design and Methods:3T3‐L1 and human adipose‐derived stem cells were tested for adipocyte differentiation in the presence or absence of NOD ligand. Adipocyte differentiation was evaluated by the adipocyte markers gene expression and Oil Red O staining for lipid accumulation.Results:Activation of NOD1, but not NOD2, by a synthetic ligand dose‐dependently suppressed 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation as revealed by Oil Red O stained cell morphology, lipid accumulation, and attenuated gene expression of adipocyte markers (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SCD, FABP4, Adiponectin). Activation of NOD1, but not NOD2, induced NF‐κB activation, which correlated with their abilities to suppress ligand‐induced PPARγ transaction. Moreover, the suppressive effect by NOD1 activation was reversed by IκB super‐repressor which blocks NF‐κB activation. The suppression by NOD1 ligand C12‐iEDAP on adipocyte differentiation was reversed by small RNA interference targeting NOD1, demonstrating the specificity of NOD1 activation. In contrast, activation of NOD1 and NOD2 both significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation of human adipose‐derived adult stem cells, demonstrating the species specific effects of NOD activation. In contrast to enhanced leptin mRNA by LPS and TNFα, NOD1 activation suppressed leptin mRNA in adipocytes, suggesting the differential effects of NOD1 activation in adipocytes.Conclusions:Overall, our results suggest that NOD1 represents a novel target for adipose inflammation in obesity.
Intestinal Methanobrevibacter smithii but not total bacteria is related to diet‐induced weight gain in rats
Authors: Mathur Ruchi , Kim Gene , Morales Walter , Sung Jaekyu , Rooks Emily , Pokkunuri Venkata , Weitsman Stacy , Barlow Gillian M. , Chang Christopher , Pimentel Mark 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIt is increasingly understood that gastrointestinal (GI) methanogens, including Methanobrevibacter smithii, influence host metabolism.Objective:Therefore, we compared M. smithii colonization and weight gain in a rat model under different dietary conditions.Design and Methods:Sprague‐Dawley rats were inoculated with M. smithii or vehicle (N = 10/group), fed normal chow until day 112 postinoculation, high‐fat chow until day 182, then normal chow until day 253. Thereafter, five rats from each group were fed high‐fat and normal chow until euthanasia.Results:Both groups exhibited M. smithii colonization, which increased following inoculation only for the first 9 days. Change to high‐fat chow correlated with significant increases in weight (P < 0.00001) and stool M. smithii (P < 0.01) in all rats, with stool M. smithi decreasing on return to normal chow. Rats switched back to high‐fat on day 253 further increased weight (P < 0.001) and stool M. smithii (P = 0.039). Euthanasia revealed all animals had higher M. smithii, but not total bacteria, in the small intestine than in the colon. Rats switched back to high‐fat chow had higher M. smithii levels in the duodenum, ileum, and cecum than those fed normal chow; total bacteria did not differ in any bowel segment. Rats which gained more weight had more bowel segments colonized, and the lowest weight recorded was in a rat on high‐fat chow which had minimal M. smithii colonization.Conclusions:We conclude that M. smithii colonization occurs in the small bowel as well as in the colon, and that the level and extent of M. smithii colonization is predictive of degree of weight gain in this animal model.
PKCθ expression in the amygdala regulates insulin signaling, food intake and body weight
Authors: Park‐York MieJung , Boghossian Stéphane , Oh Hyoungil , York David A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate the signaling mechanisms that might underlie the loss of anorectic response to insulin injections into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) within 3 days of feeding a high fat diet.Design and Methods:Protein samples from amygdala and hypothalamus of rats fed high or low fat diets were subjected to a phosphorylation screening assay. The effects of dietary fat intake on the expression and activation of protein kinase C theta (PKCθ) in brain regions was studied. Finally, lentiviral vectors were used to overexpress rat PKCθ unilaterally or bilaterally into the CeA of rats and the effects on food intake, body weight and insulin stimulation of Akt phosphorylation were studied.Results:The level of pMARCKS (Myristoylated alanine‐rich C‐kinase substrate), a major substrate of PKCθ, was increased 116% in amygdala of high fat diet fed rats but reduced in the hypothalamus. High fat diets increased the level of PKCθ in a region specific manner in the brain and this PKCθ was activated by membrane association. Overexpressing rat PKCθ either unilaterally or bilaterally into the CeA inhibited insulin stimulation of Akt signaling and blocked the anorectic response to insulin injected into the amygdala. Bilaterally injected PKCθ rats gained more weight and body fat and had increased food intake when fed a high fat diet compared to the control rats that received a lentiviral‐Green Fluorescent Protein construct.Conclusion:The data suggest that insulin may have a physiological role within the amygdala to regulate energy balance.
Body adiposity index and other indexes of body composition in the SAPHIR study: Association with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Melmer Andreas , Lamina Claudia , Tschoner Alexander , Ress Claudia , Kaser Susanne , Laimer Markus , Sandhofer Anton , Paulweber Bernhard , Ebenbichler Christoph F. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:The accuracy of anthropometric surrogate markers such as the body adiposity index (BAI) and other common indexes like the body mass index (BMI), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) and waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) to predict metabolic sequelae is essential for its use in clinical practice.Design and Methods:Thus, we evaluated the strength of BAI and other indexes to relate with anthropometric parameters, adipocytokines, blood lipids, parameters of glucose‐homeostasis and blood pressure in 1,770 patients from the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR) study in a crosssectional design.Measurements were BAI, BMI, WHR, WHtR, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (aSAT and VAT), total body adipose tissue mass, body weight, waist‐ and hip circumference (WC and HC), leptin, adiponectin, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), triglycerides (TG), fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Results and Conclusions:BAI was significantly associated with leptin and HC. We conclude that BAI was the best calculator for leptin. BAI was inferior to BMI to predict anthropometric parameters other than HC, adiponectin, blood lipids, parameters of glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure in this cross‐sectional study.
Mass spectrometric characterization of halogenated flame retardants
Authors: Guo Tan , LaBelle Bruce , Petreas Myrto , Park June‐Soo 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEConcerns about the adverse health effects of ubiquitous flame retardants spurred our interest in the development of a sensitive and reliable analytical method for these toxic compounds in various sample matrices. This study focuses on the investigation of fragmentation pathways and the structures of target ions of thirteen new halogenated flame retardants.METHODSIn this study, we use gas chromatography (GC)/high‐resolution double‐focusing sector mass spectrometry to characterize the fragmentation pathways of these new flame retardants. Along with the isotope patterns, accurate mass data were acquired to verify the molecular formula.RESULTSThe fragmentation pathways are classified based on the types of bond dissociations, e.g. σ‐bond cleavage, α‐bond cleavage and multiple‐bond dissociations with a hydrogen shift. The α‐bond dissociation occurs among 1,2‐bis‐(2,4,6‐tribromophenoxy)ethane, allyl 2,4,6‐tribromophenyl ether (ATE), 2,3‐dibromopropyl 2,4,6‐tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and 2‐bromoallyl 2,4,6‐tribromophenyl ether (BATE). The peak clusters that dominated ATE, BATE and hexachlorocyclopentenyl‐dibromocyclooctane (HCDBCO) spectra correspond to two fragments as proved by accurate mass data and isotope patterns. These two fragments are formed as the result of two competing fragmentation pathways of radical loss and hydrogen shift. Fragmentation pathways of the other compounds are complex, involving cleavage of multiple bonds and hydrogen shifts.CONCLUSIONSThe accurate‐mass‐based GC/MS method offers great selectivity and sensitivity for quantitative analysis of the persistent organic pollutants. Thus, elucidation of the structures of the fragments is of prime importance for building an accurate‐mass‐based isotopic method. In addition, this study is useful for GC/MS/MS method development because multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions of precursor ions and product ions may be easily elucidated based on these fragmentation patterns. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A differential mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry platform for the rapid detection and quantitation of DNA adduct dG‐ABP
Authors: Kafle Amol , Klaene Joshua , Hall Adam B. , Glick James , Coy Stephen L. , Vouros Paul 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEThere is continued interest in exploring new analytical technologies for the detection and quantitation of DNA adducts, biomarkers which provide direct evidence of exposure and genetic damage in cells. With the goal of reducing clean‐up steps and improving sample throughput, a Differential Mobility Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (DMS/MS) platform has been introduced for adduct analysis.METHODSA DMS/MS platform has been utilized for the analysis of dG‐ABP, the deoxyguanosine adduct of the bladder carcinogen 4‐aminobiphenyl (4‐ABP). After optimization of the DMS parameters, each sample was analyzed in just 30 s following a simple protein precipitation step of the digested DNA.RESULTSA detection limit of one modification in 10^6 nucleosides has been achieved using only 2 µg of DNA. A brief comparison (quantitative and qualitative) with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry is also presented highlighting the advantages of using the DMS/MS method as a high‐throughput platform.CONCLUSIONSThe data presented demonstrate the successful application of a DMS/MS/MS platform for the rapid quantitation of DNA adducts using, as a model analyte, the deoxyguanosine adduct of the bladder carcinogen 4‐aminobiphenyl. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isotopomer and isotopologue signatures of N2O produced in alpine ecosystems on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Kato Tomomichi , Toyoda Sakae , Yoshida Naohiro , Tang Yanhong , Wada Eitaro 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEStatic‐chamber flux measurements have suggested that one of the world's largest grasslands, the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is a potential source of nitrous oxide (N2O), a major greenhouse gas. However, production and consumption pathways of N2O have not been identified by in situ field measurements.METHODSRatios of N2O isotopomers (14N15N16O and 15N14N16O) and an isotopologue (14N14N18O) with respect to 14N14N16O in the atmosphere, static chambers, and soils were measured by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in the summer of 2005 and the following winter of 2006 at three typical alpine ecosystems: alpine meadow, alpine shrub, and alpine wetland, on the QTP, China.RESULTSSite preference (SP) values of soil‐emitted N2O were estimated as 33.7‰ and 30.1‰ for alpine meadow and shrub, respectively, suggesting larger contributions by fungal denitrification, than by bacterial denitrification and nitrifier‐denitrification, to N2O production. Statistical analysis of the relationship between SP and δ15Nbulk values indicated that in alpine meadow, shrub, and wetland sites fungal denitrification contributed 40.7%, 40.0%, and 23.2% to gross N2O production and the produced N2O was reduced by 87.6%, 82.9%, and 92.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe combined measurements of N2O concentration, flux, and isotopomeric signatures provide a robust estimation of N2O circulation dynamics in alpine ecosystems on the QTP, which would contribute to the development of ecosystem nitrogen cycle model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.