bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative risk management in sensitive logistics nodes
Authors: Breuer Claudia , Siestrup Guido , Haasis Hans-Dietrich , Wildebrand Hendrik 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The integration of business processes across multiple companies can provide economic benefits, thus ensuring the sustainability of the involved companies. However these advantages are accompanied by many potential risks. For instance, emerging disruptions within a supply chain can spread over several partners resulting in economic losses. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the development of a collaborative cross-supply chain framework that reduces the extent of loss after the occurrence of unforeseen damaging events in sensitive logistics nodes.Design/methodology/approach– To handle the impacts of unforeseen damaging events in sensitive logistics nodes, the focus of our approach lies on the implementation of a collaboratively applicable concept for sensitive logistics nodes that supports a rapid collaborative decision-making among the partners. Therefore, different damaging events as well as the logistics and transport processes in freight villages are determined and implemented in an agent-based simulation model.Findings– Multi-agent simulation can be used for a scenario-based collaborative risk management in sensitive logistics nodes. By executing simulation experiments the impacts of selected damaging events can be analysed and used for the development of scenario specific strategies for the partners in sensitive logistics nodes with the objective to maintain the flow of goods after disturbances.Practical implications– The paper proposes a multi-agent simulation, which can be used collaboratively in a cross-supply chain team to support decision-making processes in sensitive logistics nodes after a disruption has occurred. To get an effective and efficient tool, involved companies are included into the development and implementation processes.Originality/value– The value of this paper lies in the approach of a multi-agent based simulation system that supports a collaborative risk management across different companies and different supply chains in sensitive logistics nodes.
Fluoride‐sensitivity of growth and acid production of oral Actinomyces: comparison with oral Streptococcus
Authors: Kawashima Junko , Nakajo Kazuko , Washio Jumpei , Mayanagi Gen , Shimauchi Hidetoshi , Takahashi Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTActinomyces are predominant oral bacteria; however, their cariogenic potential in terms of acid production and fluoride sensitivity has not been elucidated in detail and compared with that of other caries‐associated oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate and compare the acid production and growth of Actinomyces and Streptococcus in the presence of bicarbonate and fluoride to mimic conditions in the oral cavity. Acid production from glucose was measured by pH‐stat at pH 5.5 and 7.0 under anaerobic conditions. Growth rate was assessed by optical density in anaerobic culture. Although Actinomyces produced acid at a lower rate than did Streptococcus, their acid production was more tolerant of fluoride (IDacid production 50 = 110–170 ppm at pH 7.0 and 10–13 ppm at pH 5.5) than that of Streptococcus (IDacid production 50 = 36–53 ppm at pH 7.0 and 6.3–6.5 ppm at pH 5.5). Bicarbonate increased acid production by Actinomyces with prominent succinate production and enhanced their fluoride tolerance (IDacid production 50 = 220–320 ppm at pH 7.0 and 33–52 ppm at pH 5.5). Bicarbonate had no effect on these variables in Streptococcus. In addition, although the growth rate of Actinomyces was lower than that of Streptococcus, Actinomyces growth was more tolerant of fluoride (IDgrowth 50 = 130–160 ppm) than was that of Streptococcus (IDgrowth 50 = 27–36 ppm). These results indicate that oral Actinomyces are more tolerant of fluoride than oral Streptococcus, and bicarbonate enhances the fluoride tolerance of oral Actinomyces. Because of the limited number of species tested here, further study is needed to generalize these findings to the genus level.
A C‐type lectin receptor pathway is responsible for the pathogenesis of acute cyclophosphamide‐induced cystitis in mice
Authors: Dejima Takashi , Shibata Kensuke , Yamada Hisakata , Takeuchi Ario , Hara Hiromitsu , Eto Masatoshi , Naito Seiji , Yoshikai Yasunobu 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHemorrhagic cystitis often arises after cyclophosphamide (CYP) administration. As yet, however, the mechanism involved in its pathogenesis is unknown. In this study, it was found that the Fc receptor γ chain (FcRγ)‐ caspase recruitment domain‐containing protein 9 (CARD9)‐dependent pathway rather than the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)‐dependent pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of acute CYP‐induced cystitis in mice. Rapid and transient production of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β was detected in the bladder at 4 hr, preceding IL‐23 and IL‐17A production and an influx of neutrophils, which reached a peak at 24 hr after injection. As assessed by weight, edema and neutrophil infiltration, cystitis was significantly attenuated in CARD9 knockout (KO) and FcRγKO mice, this attenuation being accompanied by impaired production of IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐23 and IL‐17A. The major source of IL‐17A is the vesical γδ T cell population: IL‐17AKO, CδKO and Tyk2KO mice showed little IL‐17A production and reduced neutrophil infiltration in the bladder after CYP injection. These results suggest that FcRγ‐CARD9‐dependent production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐23 and the subsequent activation of IL‐17A‐producing γδ T cells are at least partly involved in the pathogenesis of acute CYP‐induced cystitis in mice.
Learned recognition of introduced predators determines survival of tadpole prey
Authors: Polo‐Cavia Nuria , Gomez‐Mestre Ivan 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Alien predators are one of the major causes for rapid decline and extinction of native species, because they often create novel ecological contexts in which the antipredatory responses of native organisms are no longer fit.

Although larval amphibians are often capable of innately responding to chemical cues from local predators through changes in morphology and behaviour, naïve tadpoles generally cannot recognize introduced predators with which they have not shared an evolutionary past. However, in a few documented cases, aquatic organisms have been observed to alter morphology or behaviour in response to alien predators. Such a response may have evolved as adaptive recognition, increasing their repertoire of innate responses to include the novel predator or may have evolved as the prey's ability to learn new threats by association with conspecific alarm cues.

The red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is a harmful invasive species in aquatic systems world‐wide, causing great ecological impact on native amphibian populations during the last decades through intense predation of eggs and tadpoles. We demonstrate that naïve tadpoles of the western spadefoot toad, Pelobates cultripes, are not capable of innately recognizing water‐borne predator cues from the red swamp crayfish. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that P. cultripes tadpoles can learn to recognize the cues of the invasive predatory crayfish as a threat when they are exposed to predator cues combined with conspecific alarm cues. Finally, we show that tadpoles conditioned by joint exposure to crayfish and alarm cues enjoy higher survival during predation trials with invasive crayfish.

Learning to recognize a newly introduced predator through association with conspecific alarm cues may allow successful generalization of antipredatory responses by tadpoles. This cognitive ability of tadpoles may contribute to reduce their vulnerability to alien predators and soothe the impact of invasions in natural populations.
Sex‐dependent evolution of life‐history traits following adaptation to climate warming
Authors: Rogell Björn , Widegren William , Hallsson Lára R. , Berger David , Björklund Mats , Maklakov Alexei A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThermodynamic processes increase metabolic rate and decrease longevity at high temperatures in ectotherms. However, how sustained long‐term increase in temperature affects the evolution of longevity is poorly understood.Stress theory of ageing predicts that increased longevity is positively genetically correlated with resistance to different types of environmental stressors implying that evolutionary trajectories of ageing may be mediated by correlative selection for robust phenotypes under thermal stress.Here, we test this hypothesis by using replicate populations of the seed beetleCallosobruchus maculatus, evolving under two thermal environments: ancestral 30 °C and incremental increase towards novel 36 °C.Beetles evolving under climate warming became larger, more fecund and lived longer than the beetles evolving under 30 °C across both environments. However, the increase in longevity was partly due to parental effects because after two generations of acclimatization it persisted only in males.Our results support the hypothesis that evolution of stress resistance confers increased longevity through positive pleiotropy but demonstrate that such effects can be sex specific. These findings suggest that sex differences can evolve as correlated responses to selection under environmental change.
On the role of reflections, refractions and diving waves in full‐waveform inversion
Authors: Kazei V.V. , Troyan V.N. , Kashtan B.M. , Mulder W.A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTFull‐waveform inversion suffers from local minima, due to a lack of low frequencies in data. A reflector below the zone of interest may, however, help in recovering the long‐wavelength components of a velocity perturbation, as demonstrated in a paper by Mora. With the Born approximation for a perturbation in a reference model consisting in two homogeneous isotropic acoustic half‐spaces and the assumption of infinitely large apertures available in the data, analytic expressions can be found that describe the spatial spectrum of the recorded seismic signal as a function of the spatial spectrum of the inhomogeneity. Diving waves can be included if the deeper part of the homogeneous model is replaced by one that has a vertical velocity gradient. We study this spectrum in more detail by separately considering scattering of direct, reflected and head waves, as well as singly and multiply reflected diving waves for a gradient model. Taking the reflection coefficient of the deeper reflector into account, we obtain sensitivity estimates for each wavetype. Although the head waves have a relatively small contribution to the reconstruction of the velocity perturbation, compared to the other waves, they contain reliable long‐wavelength information that can be beneficial for full‐waveform inversion. If the deeper part has a constant positive velocity gradient with depth, all the energy eventually returns to the source‐receiver line, given a sufficiently large acquisition aperture. This will improve the sensitivity of the scattered reflected and refracted wavefields to perturbations in the background model. The same happens for a zero velocity gradient but with a very high impedance contrast between the two half‐spaces, which results in a large reflection coefficient.
Individual‐based measurements of light intensity provide new insights into the effects of artificial light at night on daily rhythms of urban‐dwelling songbirds
Authors: Dominoni Davide M. , Carmona‐Wagner Esther O. , Hofmann Michaela , Kranstauber Bart , Partecke Jesko 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The growing interest in the effects of light pollution on daily and seasonal cycles of animals has led to a boost of research in recent years. In birds, it has been hypothesized that artificial light at night can affect daily aspects of behaviour, but one caveat is the lack of knowledge about the light intensity that wild animals, such as birds, are exposed to during the night.

Organisms have naturally evolved daily rhythms to adapt to the 24‐h cycle of day and night, thus, it is important to investigate the potential shifts in daily cycles due to global anthropogenic processes such as urbanization.

We captured adult male European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in one rural forest and two urban sites differing in the degree of anthropogenic disturbance. We tagged these birds with light loggers and simultaneously recorded changes in activity status (active/non‐active) through an automated telemetry system. We first analysed the relationship between light at night, weather conditions and date with daily activity onset and end. We then compared activity, light at night exposure and noise levels between weekdays and weekends.

Onset of daily activity was significantly advanced in both urban sites compared to the rural population, while end of daily activity did not vary either among sites. Birds exposed to higher amounts of light in the late night showed earlier onset of activity in the morning, but light at night did not influence end of daily activity. Light exposure at night and onset/end of daily activity timing was not different between weekdays and weekends, but all noise variables were. A strong seasonal effect was detected in both urban and rural populations, such as birds tended to be active earlier in the morning and later in the evening (relative to civil twilight) in the early breeding season than at later stages.

Our results point at artificial light at night as a major driver of change in timing of daily activity. Future research should focus on the costs and benefits of altered daily rhythmicity in birds thriving in urban areas.
A comparison of maternal calcium and magnesium levels in pre‐eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies: an observational case–control study
Authors: Richards DGD , Lindow SW , Carrara H , Knight R , Haswell SJ , Van der Spuy ZM 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveSupplementing pregnant women at high risk of developing pre‐eclampsia with calcium may reduce the incidence of the disease. This study examines differences in serum and hair concentrations of calcium and magnesium between women with pre‐eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies.DesignObservational case–control study.SettingTwo teaching hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa.PopulationWomen with pre‐eclamptic (N = 96) or normotensive (N = 96) pregnancies, who delivered a single, live infant.MethodsDemographic and current pregnancy details were retrieved from clinical notes. Each participant completed a dietary questionnaire. Venous blood samples were taken from each participant to assess serum calcium and magnesium concentrations. Hair samples were obtained from all participants and calcium and magnesium levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES).Main outcome measureHair and serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were compared between women with pre‐eclamptic and normotensive pregnancies.ResultsDiet and socio‐economic status in the two groups were similar. There was no significant difference in the hair calcium level between women with pre‐eclamptic [1241 parts per million (ppm); range, 331–4654 ppm] and normotensive (1146 ppm; range, 480–4136 ppm) pregnancies (P = 0.5). Hair calcium levels in both groups were not affected by HIV infection.ConclusionWoman with pre‐eclampsia showed no difference in chronic calcium status relative to normotensive women. This finding does not support the current belief that the mechanism by which calcium supplementation reduces the risk of developing pre‐eclampsia is by correcting a nutritional deficiency.
The Influence of Bleaching Agent and Temperature on Bleaching Efficacy and Volatile Components of Fluid Whey and Whey Retentate
Authors: Fox A.J. , Smith T.J. , Gerard P.D. , Drake M.A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFluid whey or retentate are often bleached to remove residual annatto Cheddar cheese colorant, and this process causes off‐flavors in dried whey proteins. This study determined the impact of temperature and bleaching agent on bleaching efficacy and volatile components in fluid whey and fluid whey retentate. Freshly manufactured liquid whey (6.7% solids) or concentrated whey protein (retentate) (12% solids, 80% protein) were bleached using benzoyl peroxide (BP) at 100 mg/kg (w/w) or hydrogen peroxide (HP) at 250 mg/kg (w/w) at 5 °C for 16 h or 50 °CC for 1 h. Unbleached controls were subjected to a similar temperature profile. The experiment was replicated three times. Annatto destruction (bleaching efficacy) among treatments was compared, and volatile compounds were extracted and separated using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME GC‐MS). Bleaching efficacy of BP was higher than HP (P < 0.05) for fluid whey at both 5 and 50 °C. HP bleaching efficacy was increased in retentate compared to liquid whey (P < 0.05). In whey retentate, there was no difference between bleaching with HP or BP at 50 or 5 °C (P > 0.05). Retentate bleached with HP at either temperature had higher relative abundances of pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, and octanal than BP bleached retentate (P < 0.05). Liquid wheys generally had lower concentrations of selected volatiles compared to retentates. These results suggest that the highest bleaching efficacy (within the parameters evaluated) in liquid whey is achieved using BP at 5 or 50 °C and at 50 °C with HP or BP in whey protein retentate.
Enrichment of Functional Properties of Ice Cream with Pomegranate By‐products
Authors: Çam Mustafa , Erdoğan Fatma , Aslan Duygu , Dinç Merve 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPomegranate peel rich in phenolics, and pomegranate seed which contain a conjugated fatty acid namely punicic acid in lipid fraction remain as by‐products after processing the fruit into juice. Ice cream is poor in polyunsaturated fatty acids and phenolics, therefore, this study was conducted to improve the functional properties of ice cream by incorporating pomegranate peel phenolics and pomegranate seed oil. Incorporation of the peel phenolics into ice cream at the levels of 0.1% and 0.4% (w/w) resulted in significant changes in the pH, total acidity, and color of the samples. The most prominent outcomes of phenolic incorporation were sharp improvements in antioxidant and antidiabetic activities as well as the phenolic content of ice creams. Replacement of pomegranate seed oil by milk fat at the levels of 2.0% and 4.0% (w/w) increased the conjugated fatty acid content. However, perception of oxidized flavor increased with the additional seed oil. When one considers the functional and nutritional improvements in the enrichment of the ice cream together with overall acceptability results of the sensory analysis, then it follows from this study that ice creams enriched with pomegranate peel phenolics up to 0.4% (w/w) and pomegranate seed oil up to 2.0% (w/w) could be introduced to markets as functional ice cream. Enrichment of ice creams with pomegranate by‐products might provide consumers health benefits with striking functional properties of punicalagins in pomegranate peel, and punicic acid in pomegranate seed oil.
Safety of once‐daily insulin detemir in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic agents in routine clinical practice (在常规临床实践中使用口服降糖药治疗的2型糖尿病患者每日一次使用地特胰岛素治疗的安全性)
Authors: Ross Stuart , Dzida Grzegorz , Ji Qiuhe , Kaiser Marcel , Ligthelm Robert , Meneghini Luigi , Nazeri Avideh , Orozco‐Beltran Domingo , Pan Changyu , Svendsen Anne Louise ,   SOLVE Study Group
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to identify demographic and treatment factors that were predictive of hypoglycemia in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic patients initiating insulin detemir.MethodsThe present 24‐week observational study of insulin initiation included 17 374 participants from 10 countries. Severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event requiring third party assistance; minor hypoglycemia was defined as a daytime or nocturnal glucose measurement <3.1 mmol/L.ResultsPrior to initiating insulin therapy, 4.9% of the cohort reported hypoglycemia (pre‐insulin hypoglycemia), with most (94.2%) reporting minor events and 9.6% reporting severe events. Compared with patients without pre‐insulin hypoglycemia, those with pre‐insulin hypoglycemia had a higher incidence of events of minor hypoglycemia (1.72 vs 4.46 events per patient‐year [ppy], respectively), nocturnal hypoglycemia (0.25 vs 1.09 events ppy, respectively), and severe hypoglycemia (<0.01 vs 0.04 events ppy, respectively) at final visit. Age (P < 0.047), body mass index (P < 0.001), a prior history of microvascular disease (P < 0.001), pre‐insulin hypoglycemia (P < 0.001), increased number of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs; P < 0.001), OHA intensification (P < 0.001), and the use of glinides (P = 0.004) were all found to be independently associated with the occurrence of hypoglycemia during the study.ConclusionsOnce‐daily insulin detemir therapy was safe and effective, and rates of hypoglycemia were low. Concerns about hypoglycemia should not deter the initiation of basal insulin analogs.
Salt drying: a low‐cost, simple and efficient method for storing plants in the field and preserving biological repositories for DNA diversity research
Authors: Carrió Elena , Rosselló Josep A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough a variety of methods have been optimized for the collection and storage of plant specimens, most of these are not suited for field expeditions for a variety of logistic reasons. Drying specimens with silica gel in polyethylene bags is currently the standard for field‐sampling methods that are suitable for subsequent DNA extraction. However, silica‐gel repositories are not readily available in remote areas, and its use is not very cost‐effective for the long‐term storage of collections or in developing countries with limited research budgets. Salting is an ancient and traditional drying process that preserves food samples by dehydrating tissues and inhibiting water‐dependent cellular metabolism. We compared salt and silica‐gel drying methods with respect to dehydration rates overtime, DNA quality and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) success to assess whether dry salting can be used as an effective plant preservation method for DNA analysis. Specimens from eleven plant species covering a variety of leaf structures, leaf thicknesses and water contents were analysed. Experimental work indicated that (i) levels of dehydration in sodium chloride were usually comparable to those obtained when silica gel was used, (ii) no spoilage, fungal or bacterial growth was observed for any of the species with all drying treatments and (iii) good yields of quality genomic DNA suitable for PCR applications were obtained in the salt‐drying treatments. The preservation of plant tissues in commercial table salt appears to be a satisfactory, and versatile method that may be suitable in remote areas where cryogenic resources and silica repositories are not available.