bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why and how motives (still) matter
Authors: Benito Gabriel R.G. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The paper aims to provide a discussion of the relevance of motives for companies’ internationalization.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is a conceptual discussion building on established classifications of motives of internationalization, which distinguish between market-seeking, efficiency-seeking, resource-seeking and strategic asset-seeking motives.

Findings
– The analysis demonstrates that important issues in companies’ internationalization differ systematically across different types of motives, which implicates that motives remain relevant when analyzing various aspects of the internationalization of the firm. Motives are also useful elements for theory building in international business.

Research limitations/implications
– The analysis is purely conceptual and is not further substantiated by empirical evidence.

Practical implications
– The classification of motives is a useful tool for companies to analyze their strategic alternatives and actions, especially with regard to performance measurement.

Originality/value
– The paper demonstrates the importance of retaining a clear classification of motives as a basis for further development of a theory of firms’ internationalization behavior.
What is “strategic asset seeking FDI”?
Authors: Meyer Klaus E. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the concept of “strategic asset-seeking FDI”, which is frequently used in discussion of emerging economy multinational enterprises (MNEs), but it is challenged by some scholars. The author argues that he needs this category because an important type of foreign direct investment (FDI) is not captured by the other motives identified by John Dunning, namely, market-, efficiency- and natural-resource-seeking FDI.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author illustrates the phenomenon of strategic asset-seeking FDI with case examples that form the starting point for his theoretical arguments.

Findings
– Some FDI is undertaken explicitly with the aim to use assets acquired abroad to enhance the operations of the investor in other markets, including, notably, the investors’ home market. This contribution to capability-building processes of the MNE, indeed, constitutes an important and distinct type of investment motive.

Originality/value
– The author concluded that Dunning’s typology remains a powerful tool to analyze contemporary business strategies, but it suggests refining the definition of the categories.
Renoprotective effect of berberine on type 2 diabetic nephropathy in rats
Authors: Sun Si‐Fan , Zhao Ting‐Ting , Zhang Hao‐Jun , Huang Xiao‐Ru , Zhang Wei‐Ku , Zhang Lei , Yan Mei‐Hua , Dong Xi , Wang Hua , Wen Yu‐Min , Pan Xin‐Ping , Lan Hui Yao , Li Ping 
Published: April 2015

SummaryInflammation, fibrosis, and lipid disorder are essential promoters in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney injury in diabetes mellitus type 2. Berberine (BBR) has been reported to have beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy, but its action mechanism is still unclear. The present study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of BBR in a type 2 diabetic nephropathy rat model induced by a high‐fat diet and low‐dose streptozotocin injection. The diabetic rats were treated with or without BBR by gavage for 20 weeks and examined by serology, 24‐h albuminuria, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses. Results showed that treatment with BBR significantly reduced serum levels of blood glucose and lipids, inhibited urinary excretion of albumin, and attenuated renal histological injuries in diabetic rats. Berberine treatment also inhibited renal inflammation, which was associated with inactivation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B‐cell signalling. As a result, the upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β, tumour necrosis factor‐α) and chemokine (monocyte chemotactic protein‐1) was blocked. In addition, BBR treatment also inactivated transforming growth factor‐β/Smad3 signalling and suppressed renal fibrosis, including expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and collagen IV. The present study reveals that BBR is a therapeutic agent for attenuating type 2 diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cell‐driven renal inflammation and transforming growth factor‐β/Smad3 signalling pathway.
Telmisartan attenuates peritoneal fibrosis via peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ activation in rats
Authors: Su Xuesong , Yu Rui , Yang Xu , Zhou Guangyu , Wang Yanqiu , Li Li , Li Detian 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPeritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective treatment for patients with end‐stage renal diseases, but long‐term continuous PD causes peritoneal fibrosis (PF). This study aims to evaluate the anti‐fibrotic effect of telmisartan on a rat model of PF and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Five‐sixths kidney nephrectomy and PD were used to establish the PF rat model. Glucose (2.5%) was used to establish an in vitro model in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC). Haematoxylin–eosin staining was used to examine the structural alterations. Masson's trichrome staining was used to observe the tissue fibrosis in peritoneal membrane of rats. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure messenger RNA expressions of profibrotic factors. Western blotting was used to determine protein expressions of profibrotic factors, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ, and mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK). Results demonstrated that administration of telmisartan dose‐dependently attenuated the thickening of the peritoneal membrane and the fibrosis induced by long‐term PD fluid exposure in rats. In addition, telmisartan treatment inhibited the upregulation of profibrotic factors induced by PD in the peritoneum of rats and by high‐concentration glucose in PMC. Telmisartan was also effective in inhibiting PD and high‐concentration, glucose‐induced phosphorylation of MAPK in the peritoneum and PMC. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ) inhibitor GW9662 blocked these protective effects of telmisartan in PMC. The results suggest that telmisartan is effective in attenuating PD‐induced PF, and this effect may be associated with the inhibition of profibrotic factor expression and MAPK phosphorylation via PPARγ activation.
Methamphetamine induces DNA damage in specific regions of the female rat brain
Authors: Johnson Zane , Venters Jace , Guarraci Fay A , Zewail‐Foote Maha 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMethamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that has been shown to produce neurotoxicity. Methamphetamine increases the release of dopamine by reversing the direction of monoamine transporter proteins, leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species in the brain. In this study, we examined the effect of METH on DNA damage in vivo using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay) under two different conditions. Rats treated with multiple doses of METH (10 mg/kg × 4) showed significant levels of DNA damage in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, both dopamine‐rich areas. In contrast, a single dose of METH did not lead to significant levels of DNA damage in any of the dopamine‐rich brain regions that were tested. Overall, the results of our study demonstrate that METH produces greater oxidative DNA damage in brain areas that receive greater dopamine innervation.
Bridgehead invasion of a monomorphic plant pathogenic bacterium:Xanthomonas citripv. citri, an emerging citrus pathogen inMali andBurkinaFaso
Authors: Leduc A. , Traoré Y. N. , Boyer K. , Magne M. , Grygiel P. , Juhasz C. C. , Boyer C. , Guerin F. , Wonni I. , Ouedraogo L. , Vernière C. , Ravigné V. , Pruvost O. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryMolecular epidemiology studies further our understanding of migrations of phytopathogenic bacteria, the major determining factor in their emergence. Asiatic citrus canker, caused byXanthomonas citripv. citri, was recently reported inMali andBurkinaFaso, a region remote from other contaminated areas. To identify the origin and pathways of these emergences, we used two sets of markers, minisatellites and microsatellites, for investigating different evolutionary scales. Minisatellite typing suggested the introduction of two groups of strains inMali (DAPC 1 andDAPC 2), consistent with microsatellite typing.DAPC 2 was restricted to Bamako district, whereasDAPC 1 strains were found much more invasive. The latter strains formed a major clonal complex based on microsatellite data with the primary and secondary founders detected in commercial citrus nurseries and orchards. This suggests that human activities played a major role in the spread ofDAPC 1 strains via the movement of contaminated propagative material, further supported by the frequent lack of differentiation between populations from geographically distant nurseries and orchards.ApproximateBayesianComputation analyses supported the hypothesis that strains fromBurkinaFaso resulted from a bridgehead invasion fromMali. Multi‐locus variable number of tandem repeat analysis andApproximateBayesianComputation are useful for understanding invasion routes and pathways of monomorphic bacterial pathogens.
Why Human Rights Should Matter to Conservatives
Authors: Grieve Dominic 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn a speech given to the University of London's Constitution Unit and Judicial Institute on 3 December 2014, the Rt Hon Dominic Grieve QC MP challenged Conservatives to think carefully about the party's proposal to break the link between British courts and the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Grieve recalled why the United Kingdom signed the Convention in the first place and, although recognising that the Court's approach has been on occasion properly criticised and may present difficulties, argued that the reforms embodied in the Brighton Declaration 2012 are bearing fruit. He provided a critical exposition of the Conservative paper ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK: the Conservatives’ Proposals for changing Britain's Human Rights Laws’ (October 2014) and concluded that Conservatives should want to remain within the jurisdiction of the ECHR to maintain and ensure the Court's effectiveness and continued viability.
Measurement Error in Public Health Insurance Reporting in the American Community Survey: Evidence from Record Linkage
Authors: Boudreaux Michel H. , Call Kathleen Thiede , Turner Joanna , Fried Brett , O'Hara Brett 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveExamine measurement error to public health insurance in the American Community Survey (ACS).Data Sources/Study SettingThe ACS and the Medicaid Statistical Information System (MSIS).Study DesignWe tabulated the two data sources separately and then merged the data and examined health insurance reports among ACS cases known to be enrolled in Medicaid or expansion Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) benefits.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe two data sources were merged using protected identification keys. ACS respondents were considered enrolled if they had full benefit Medicaid or expansion CHIP coverage on the date of interview.Principal FindingsOn an aggregated basis, the ACS overcounts the MSIS. After merging the data, we estimate a false‐negative rate in the 2009 ACS of 21.6 percent. The false‐negative rate varies across states, demographic groups, and year. Of known Medicaid and expansion CHIP enrollees, 12.5 percent were coded to some other coverage and 9.1 percent were coded as uninsured.ConclusionsThe false‐negative rate in the ACS is on par with other federal surveys. However, unlike other surveys, the ACS overcounts the MSIS on an aggregated basis. Future work is needed to disentangle the causes of the ACS overcount.
Nutrient input influences fungal community composition and size and can stimulate manganese (II) oxidation in caves
Authors: Carmichael Sarah K. , Zorn Bryan T. , Santelli Cara M. , Roble Leigh A. , Carmichael Mary J. , Bräuer Suzanna L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryLittle is known about the fungal role in biogeochemical cycling in oligotrophic ecosystems. This study compared fungal communities and assessed the role of exogenous carbon on microbial community structure and function in two southern Appalachian caves: an anthropogenically impacted cave and a near‐pristine cave. Due to carbon input from shallow soils, the anthropogenically impacted cave had an order of magnitude greater fungal and bacterial quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) gene copy numbers, had significantly greater community diversity, and was dominated by ascomycotal phylotypes common in early phase, labile organic matter decomposition. Fungal assemblages in the near‐pristine cave samples were dominated by Basidiomycota typically found in deeper soils (and/or in late phase, recalcitrant organic matter decomposition), suggesting more oligotrophic conditions. In situ carbon and manganese (II) [Mn(II)] addition over 10 weeks resulted in growth of fungal mycelia followed by increased Mn(II) oxidation. A before/after comparison of the fungal communities indicated that this enrichment increased the quantity of fungal and bacterial cells, yet decreased overall fungal diversity. Anthropogenic carbon sources can therefore dramatically influence the diversity and quantity of fungi, impact microbial community function, and stimulate Mn(II) oxidation, resulting in a cascade of changes that can strongly influence nutrient and trace element biogeochemical cycles in karst aquifers.
Kinetics of leukocyte CD11b and CD64 expression in severe sepsis and non‐infectious critical care patients
Authors: Jämsä J. , Huotari V. , Savolainen E.‐R. , Syrjälä H. , Ala‐kokko T. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundLeukocyte surface molecules may improve sepsis diagnostics. Our aim was to study whether monocyte and neutrophil CD11b and CD64 expression differs between patients with severe sepsis (including septic shock) and intensive care unit (ICU) controls, and also to investigate the expression kinetics in patient groups.MethodsMonocyte and neutrophil CD11b and CD64 expression was analyzed in 27 patients with severe sepsis, 7 off‐pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) patients, and 8 ICU patients without systemic inflammation in the beginning of the treatment using quantitative flow cytometry. Blood samples were collected within 48 h of the beginning of severe sepsis, at admission to the ICU for non‐systemic inflammatory response syndrome patients, and on the day of surgery before the skin incision for OPCAB patients, and on 2 consecutive days for all patients. Ten healthy individuals served as controls.ResultsMonocyte and neutrophil CD11b and neutrophil CD64 expression was higher in severe sepsis patients compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). In severe sepsis, the expression decreased over time (P < 0.05). In OPCAB patients, the monocyte and neutrophil CD64 expression increased after surgery (P < 0.05). Neutrophil CD64 expression had the highest and statistically significant area under curves (AUC) values for identification of severe sepsis during 3 consecutive days, the highest AUC being 0.990 on D0.ConclusionNeutrophil CD64 as well as neutrophil and monocyte CD11b expressions were highest in severe sepsis compared with non‐infectious conditions, and thus analyses of their expression may be promising approach for sepsis diagnosis in ICU population.
Twenty‐four hour hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp improves postoperative nitrogen balance only in low insulin sensitivity patients following cardiac surgery
Authors: Donatelli F. , Nafi M. , Di Nicola M. , Macchitelli V. , Mirabile C. , Lorini L. , Carli F. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundCritically ill patients often suffer from a protein catabolic state. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that nitrogen balance (NB) in cardiac patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is related to their insulin sensitivity level and that supraphysiologic doses of insulin can restore anabolism.Materials and methodsTwenty‐eight patients that were admitted to ICU in enteral and/or parenteral nutrition have been enrolled in this study. All patients received a standard nutrition protocol for at least 3 days before starting the study. These patients received either enteral or parenteral nutrition based on 1.4 kcal/kg/h and 1.1 g/kg/24 h of proteins. Participants were studied for three 24 h periods (P1, P2, and P3). Twenty‐four hour NB was calculated from urinary urea nitrogen excretion, fixed protein and energy intake during each of the three periods (P1, P2, and P3). Simultaneous to P2, a 24 h hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp (HEC) was performed to determine patients’ insulin sensitivity (IS) or insulin resistance (IR), as well as the impact of high doses of insulin on NB.ResultsNitrogen balance remained consistently positive in the IS group regardless of the clamp. In IR patients, NB was negative before the clamp and became positive during P2 and P3. Insulin sensitivity improved during the HEC in IR patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionsA negative NB was found only in insulin resistant patients admitted to the ICU for more than 7 days. A 24‐h period HEC improved NB in these patients.
The Behavioral Economics of Driving After Drinking Among College Drinkers
Authors: Teeters Jenni B. , Murphy James G. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundDriving after drinking (DAD) among college students is a significant public health concern, yet little is known about specific theoretical risk factors for DAD, beyond drinking level, among college student drinkers. This study had the following aims: (i) to examine the associations between elevated alcohol demand and DAD, (ii) to determine whether demand decreases in response to a hypothetical driving scenario, (iii) to determine whether drivers who report DAD in the past 3 months would show less of a reduction in demand in response to the hypothetical driving scenario, and (iv) to determine whether delayed reward discounting (DRD) is associated with DAD.MethodParticipants were 419 college students who reported at least 1 day of past‐month alcohol use. Participants completed 2 alcohol purchase tasks (APTs) that assessed hypothetical alcohol consumption across 17 drink prices with and without a driving scenario, a delay‐discounting task, and a series of questions regarding DAD.ResultsIn logistic regression models that controlled for drinking level, demographics, and sensation seeking, participants reporting higher demand intensity (95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.04, 2.34]), breakpoint (95% CI [1.23, 2.28]), Omax (95% CI [1.03, 1.53]), and lower elasticity (95% CI [0.15, 1.02]) were more likely to report DAD. Additionally, in analyses of covariance, DAD+ participants exhibited significantly less of a reduction in demand between the standard and the driving APT (intensity, p < 0.01, breakpoint, p = 0.05, and Omax, p < 0.01). A binary logistic regression model with identical covariates revealed that DRD is not associated with DAD.ConclusionsDAD is associated with elevated/inelastic demand and less sensitivity to a hypothetical driving scenario. Drinkers with elevated demand should be prioritized for DAD intervention efforts.
Prognostic factors and survival rate of osteosarcoma: A single‐institution study
Authors: Faisham Wan Ismail , Mat Saad Arman Zaharil , Alsaigh Laith N , Nor Azman Mat Z , Kamarul Imran Musa , Biswal Biswa M , Bhavaraju Venkata MK , Salzihan Md Salleh , Hasnan Jaafar , Ezane Aziz M , Ariffin Nasir , Norsarwany Mohamad , Ziyadi Mohamad G , Wan Azman Wan Sulaiman , Halim Ahmad Sukari , Zulmi Wan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimOsteosarcoma is a highly malignant primary bone tumor. The study aim to evaluate the prognostic factors influencing the survival rate in our center.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all patients treated between January 2005 and December 2010.ResultsWe included 163 patients with an age range of 6–59 years (median = 19). The median follow‐up was 47 months (range 36–84). The overall survival in patients who completed chemotherapy and surgery (n = 117) was 72% at 2 years and 44% at 5 years. Histologically, 99 (85%) had osteoblastic, 6 (5%) had chondroblastic and 3 (2.5%) had telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Limb salvage surgery was performed in 80 (49%) and 41 (25%) underwent amputation. However, 46 patients (28%) underwent no surgical intervention and incomplete chemotherapy. In total, 38/79 patients had a good chemotherapy response. There was a significantly better survival rate for limb salvage versus amputation. Independent prognostic factors for survival are compliance to treatment and presence of lung metastasis.ConclusionThe overall survival of osteosarcoma patients was influenced by the presence of pulmonary metastases and compliance to treatment. Histological subtype, different chemotherapy regimens and histological necrosis after chemotherapy did not significantly influence survival. The patients who did not complete treatment had significantly poorer survival.
Comparing single‐agent with doublet chemotherapy in first‐line treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer with performance status 2: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Luo Long , Hu Qian , Jiang Jun‐xia , Yang Xing , Dinglin Xiao‐xiao , Lin Xiao , Yao He‐rui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and side effects between single‐agent and doublet chemotherapy in first‐line treatment of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer with performance status 2 (PS2).MethodsWe searched for randomized controlled trials in online electronic databases and extracted data from eligible studies for meta‐analysis. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS), pooled risk difference (RD) for 1‐year survival, pooled risk ratio (RR) for objective response rate (ORR) and adverse effects were calculated using a fixed‐effect model.ResultsSix trials with 386 participants in the single‐agent group and 389 participants in the doublet group were included in this review. Compared with single‐agent chemotherapy, doublet significantly improved OS (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.61–0.84; P < 0.0001) and significantly increased 1‐year survival rate (RD –0.09; 95% CI –0.14 to –0.03; P = 0.004) and ORR (RR 0.4; 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P = 0.0002). Doublet chemotherapy also significantly increased the risk of grade 3/4 neutropenia (RR = 4.97; 95% CI 2.93–8.43; P < 0.00001), thrombocytopenia (RR = 10.29; 95% CI 3.80–27.85; P < 0.00001) and anemia (RR = 2.50; 95% CI 1.27–4.90; P = 0.008).ConclusionsOur study implies that carboplatin‐containing doublet chemotherapy improved OS, 1‐year survival rate and ORR, but increased the risk of grade 3/4 hematotoxicity. Carboplatin‐containing doublet may well be superior to non‐carboplatin‐containing treatment.
Amyloidosis cutis dyschromica in two siblings and review of the epidemiology, clinical features and management in 48 cases
Authors: Mahon Caroline , Oliver Fergus , Purvis Diana , Agnew Karen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAmyloidosis cutis dyschromica (ACD) is a rare form of primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA). There is a paucity of information in the dermatology literature to guide its diagnosis, investigation and treatment. We present two siblings with ACD and summarise the epidemiology, clinical features, natural history and treatments in 48 cases of ACD from the literature. Familial cases were more common (37) than sporadic cases. ACD is predominantly reported in those of East and South‐East Asian ethnicity (63%). The mean age of onset was 6 years in familial cases, and 23 years in sporadic cases. The clinical features of familial and sporadic ACD do not differ substantially. Pruritus was the only symptom, and was reported in 19% of all cases. There were no reported ACD cases with systemic amyloidosis. Acitretin was reported to result in improvement in seven of 10 patients treated. Routine investigation for systemic involvement is not necessary. Acitretin may be helpful.