bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐throughput instant quantification of protein expression and purity based on photoactive yellow protein turn off/on label
Authors: Kim Youngmin , Ganesan Prabhakar , Ihee Hyotcherl 
Published: June 2013

AbstractQuantifying the concentration and purity of a target protein is essential for high‐throughput protein expression test and rapid screening of highly soluble proteins. However, conventional methods such as PAGE and dot blot assay generally involve multiple time‐consuming tasks requiring hours or do not allow instant quantification. Here, we demonstrate a new method based on the Photoactive yellow protein turn Off/On Label (POOL) system that can instantly quantify the concentration and purity of a target protein. The main idea of POOL is to use Photoactive Yellow Protein (PYP), or its miniaturized version, as a fusion partner of the target protein. The characteristic blue light absorption and the consequent yellow color of PYP is absent when initially expressed without its chromophore, but can be turned on by binding its chromophore, p‐coumaric acid. The appearance of yellow color upon adding a precursor of chromophore to the co‐expressed PYP can be used to check the expression amount of the target protein via visual inspection within a few seconds as well as to quantify its concentration and purity with the aid of a spectrometer within a few minutes. The concentrations measured by the POOL method, which usually takes a few minutes, show excellent agreement with those by the BCA Kit, which usually takes ∼1 h. We demonstrate the applicability of POOL in E. coli, insect, and mammalian cells, and for high‐throughput protein expression screening.
Rossby wave‐breaking analysis of explosive cyclones in the Euro‐Atlantic sector
Authors: Gómara Iñigo , Pinto Joaquim G. , Woollings Tim , Masato Giacomo , Zurita‐Gotor Pablo , Rodríguez‐Fonseca Belén 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe two‐way relationship between Rossby wave‐breaking (RWB) and intensification of extratropical cyclones is analysed over the Euro‐Atlantic sector. In particular, the timing, intensity and location of cyclone development are related to RWB occurrences. For this purpose, two indices based on potential temperature are used to detect and classify anticyclonic and cyclonic RWB episodes from ERA‐40 reanalysis data. Results show that explosive cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic (NA) is fostered by enhanced occurrence of RWB on days prior to the cyclone's maximum intensification. Under such conditions, the eddy‐driven jet stream is accelerated over the NA, thus enhancing conditions for cyclogenesis. For explosive cyclogenesis over the eastern NA, enhanced cyclonic RWB over eastern Greenland and anticyclonic RWB over the subtropical NA are observed. Typically only one of these is present in any given case, with the RWB over eastern Greenland being more frequent than its southern counterpart. This leads to an intensification of the jet over the eastern NA and enhanced probability of windstorms reaching western Europe. Explosive cyclones evolving under simultaneous RWB on both sides of the jet feature a higher mean intensity and deepening rates than cyclones preceded by a single RWB event. Explosive developments over the western NA are typically linked to a single area of enhanced cyclonic RWB over western Greenland. Here, the eddy‐driven jet is accelerated over the western NA. Enhanced occurrence of cyclonic RWB over southern Greenland and anticyclonic RWB over Europe is also observed after explosive cyclogenesis, potentially leading to the onset of Scandinavian blocking. However, only very intense developments have a considerable influence on the large‐scale atmospheric flow. Non‐explosive cyclones depict no sign of enhanced RWB over the whole NA area. We conclude that the links between RWB and cyclogenesis over the Euro‐Atlantic sector are sensitive to the cyclone's maximum intensity, deepening rate and location.
A self‐consistent scattering model for cirrus. II: The high and low frequencies
Authors: Baran Anthony J. , Cotton Richard , Furtado Kalli , Havemann Stephan , Labonnote Laurent‐C. , Marenco Franco , Smith Andrew , Thelen Jean‐Claude 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe predictive quality of an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals to model passive and active measurements of ice cloud, from the ultraviolet (UV) to the microwave, is tested. The ensemble model predicts m ∝ D2, where D is the maximum dimension of the ice crystal, and m is its mass. This predicted m‐D relationship is applied to a moment estimation parametrization of the particle size distribution (PSD), to estimate the PSD shape, given ice water content (IWC) and in‐cloud temperature. The same microphysics is applied across the electromagnetic spectrum to model UV, infrared, microwave and radar observations. The short‐wave measurements consist of airborne UV backscatter lidar (light detection and ranging) estimates of the volume extinction coefficient, total solar optical depth, and space‐based multi‐directional spherical albedo retrievals, at 0.865 µm, between the scattering angles 85° and 125°. The airborne long‐wave measurements consist of high‐resolution interferometer upwelling brightness temperatures, obtained between the wavelengths of about 3.45 µm and 4.1 µm, and 8.0 µm to 12.0 µm. The low‐frequency measurements consist of ground‐based Chilbolton 35 GHz radar reflectivity measurements and space‐based upwelling 190 GHz brightness temperature measurements. The predictive quality of the ensemble model is demonstrated to be generally within the experimental uncertainty of the lidar backscatter estimates of the volume extinction coefficient and total solar optical depth. The ensemble model prediction of the high‐resolution brightness temperature measurements is generally within ±2 K and ±1 K at solar and infrared wavelengths, respectively. The 35 GHz radar reflectivity and 190 GHz brightness temperatures are generally simulated to within ±2 dBZe, and ±2 K, respectively. The directional spherical albedo observations suggest that the scattering phase function of the most randomized ensemble model gives the best fit to the measurements (generally within ±3%). This article demonstrates that the ensemble model, assuming the same microphysics, is physically consistent across the electromagnetic spectrum.
The US Navy's RELO ensemble prediction system and its performance in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wei Mozheng , Rowley Clark , Martin Paul , Barron Charlie N. , Jacobs Gregg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe US Navy's relocatable (RELO) ensemble prediction system is fully described and is examined in the Gulf of Mexico for 2010. After briefly describing the ensemble transfer (ET) method for the initial perturbation generation, we introduce a new time‐deformation technique to generate the surface forcing perturbations from the atmospheric model fields. The extended forecast time (EFT) is introduced to quantify the advantages of the ensemble mean forecasts over a single deterministic forecast. The ensemble spread and its growth are investigated together with their relations with the ensemble forecast accuracy, reliability and skill.Similar to many other operational ensemble forecast systems at numerical weather prediction (NWP) centres, the initial analysis error is underestimated by the technique used in the data assimilation (DA) system. Growth of the ocean ensemble spread is also found to lag the growth of the ensemble mean error, a tendency attributed to insufficiently accounting for model‐related uncertainties. As an initial step, we randomly perturb the two most important parameters in the ocean model mixing parametrizations, namely the Smagorinsky horizontal and Mellor–Yamada vertical mixing schemes. We examine three different parameter perturbation schemes based on both uniform and Gaussian distributions. It is found that all three schemes improve the ensemble spread to a certain extent, particularly the scheme with Gaussian distribution of perturbations imposed on both the horizontal and vertical mixing parameters.The findings in this article indicate that the RELO ensemble forecast demonstrates superior accuracy and skill relative to a single deterministic forecast for all the variables and over all the domains considered here. The ensemble spread provides a valuable estimate of forecast uncertainty. However, the RELO uncertainty forecast capability could be further improved by accounting for more model‐related uncertainties, for example, by the development of an error parametrization that imposes stochastic forcing at each model grid point.
Ensemble‐based analysis and sensitivity of mesoscale forecasts of a vortex over southwest China
Authors: Li Jun , Du Jun , Zhang Da‐Lin , Cui Chunguang , Liao Yishan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this study, an ensemble analysis and sensitivity experiment of a mesovortex over southwest China (Southwest Vortex, SWV) are performed with a regional ensemble prediction system in order to demonstrate: (i) the usefulness of an ensemble prediction system for diagnosing the dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics leading to the SWV's eastward movement and growth; and (ii) the potential importance of adopting targeted observations in improving short‐range weather forecasts by applying a simple technique. Results show significant variations in forecast performance, ranging from good to poor, among 11 ensemble members. By examining two distinct clusters (‘moving’ and ‘staggering’) of the ensemble members it is found that a strong upper‐level trough with positive vorticity advection near the vortex centre, its westward vertical tilt and lower‐level downstream wet and upstream dry moisture configuration favour the eastward movement and growth of the SWV. Ensemble sensitivity analysis shows that: (i) a simple correlation‐based ensemble sensitivity method works well in identifying sensitive areas of mesoscale forecasts of the SWV; (ii) the forecast of the SWV movement and intensity is especially sensitive to initial conditions of horizontal wind and moisture fields; and (iii) unlike the medium‐range forecast in which a sensitive region is often traced back to an area far upstream in association with a Rossby‐wave packet, sensitive regions in short‐range forecasts appear to be directly related to the meteorological system of interest located not far upstream. Based on the results, we suggest that field experiments of targeted observations potentially can be designed using this simple ensemble sensitivity approach to improve short‐range weather forecasts associated with SWVs.
Baku Flame Towers – Geometrisch komplexe Fassaden‐ und Tragwerksplanung
Authors: Herholz Stephan , Hinz Holger , Winterstetter Thomas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDer Artikel beschreibt die Planung der Fassaden und Sonderkonstruktionen an einem dreitürmigen Mixed‐Use‐Komplex, der vor kurzem in Baku/Aserbaidschan fertig gestellt wurde. Die Erscheinungsform der Anlage erinnert an die Flammen eines Feuers, das aufgrund der hohen Anzahl an Ölquellen in der Region eine wichtige Bedeutung für die Stadt hat. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die besonderen Herausforderungen dieses geometrisch komplexen Projektes. Nur durch die sehr enge Zusammenarbeit zwischen Tragwerks‐ und Fassadenplanern konnte das Projekt für alle Beteiligten erfolgreich abgeschlossen werden.Baku Flame Towers – Geometrically complex façade design and structural planning. The Baku Flame Towers Project is a recently completed three‐tower mixed use development in Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan. The shapes of the three towers refer to the flames of a fire, which has high importance in that country due to the huge amount of existing oil wells. The present article deals with the special challenges of façade and special structures engineering of this geometrically complex project. Only the close collaboration between the design specialists made a successful project for all participants possible.
Das neue Stadion der Corinthians in São Paulo
Authors: Hagenmayer Stephen , Hoier Andreas , Puller, Kerstin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDer Neubau des Stadions in São Paulo wird im kommenden Jahr besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf sich ziehen, da das Stadion nicht nur als Austragungsort diverser WM‐Spiele dient, sondern da hier am 12. Juni 2014 auch das Eröffnungsspiel der 20. Fußballweltmeisterschaft in Brasilien stattfindet. Mehr als 100 Jahre mussten die Corinthians, einer der erfolgreichsten Fußballklubs Brasiliens, auf die Realisierung eines eigenen Stadions warten. Nachfolgend wird über den Entwurf und das Tragwerk des Stadions sowie über die Montage der schlanken Dachkonstruktion berichtet.The new stadium of the Corinthians in São Paulo. Special attention will be attracted by the new soccer stadium in São Paulo as it serves not only as a venue for several World Cup Games but also as location for the opening game of the 20th World Cup in Brazil on June, 12th 2014. The Corinthians, one of the most successful soccer clubs in Brazil, had to wait for more than 100 years until they received their own stadium. Subsequently, the design, the structural system of the stadium and the erection procedure of the slender roof structure will be explained.
Hochbelastbare CFK‐Biege‐ und CFK‐Querkraftträger: Bauweisen, Konstruktion und Bruchversuch
Authors: von der Thüsen Max , Schürmann Helmut 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBiegeträger gehören zu den in der Technik am häufigsten eingesetzten Strukturen. Praktisch umgesetzt wurden bisher hauptsächlich metallische Konstruktionen. Faser‐Kunststoff‐Verbunde, insbesondere mit Kohlenstofffasern, sind dank ihrer hohen Leichtbaugüte und ihrer hervorragenden Ermüdungsfestigkeit auch für Biegeträger eine vielversprechende Werkstoffalternative. In einem von der DFG geförderten Projekt konnten viele wichtige Grundlagen erarbeitet werden. Neben dem Stand der Technik von FKV‐Biegeträgern im Brückenbau werden eine Laminat‐ sowie eine Trägeroptimierung vorgestellt. Es wurde ein großformatiger CFK‐Biegeträger entwickelt und in einem quasistatischen 4‐Punkt‐Biegeversuch bis zum Bruch belastet. Das Bruchmoment lag leicht oberhalb des plastischen Moments eines IPE200 S460‐Trägers, allerdings bei rund einem Drittel des Gewichts.Highly loaded CFRP‐beams: construction techniques and design, dimensioning and fracture test. Beams are one of the mostly used structures in engineering. Currently metallic versions dominate in practice. Fibre‐polymer‐composites, in particular with carbon fibres, are a promising alternative material for beams because of their excellent performance concerning the lightweight grade and the fatigue strength. Basic knowledge has been developed in a DFG‐funded research project. Besides the state of the art of fibre‐polymer‐composite beams in bridge construction, a laminate and a beam optimization are presented. A large scale carbon fibre beam was developed and has been loaded in a static four‐point‐bending test until fracture. The ultimate bending moment slightly exceeds the plastic bending moment of an IPE200 S460 beam however at one third of the weight.
Hochbelastbare CFK‐Biege‐ und CFK‐Querkraftträger: Nichtlineare Finite‐Elemente‐Analyse zu Traglast‐ und Stabilitätsuntersuchungen von Kastenträgern
Authors: Schürg Marco , Gruttmann Friedrich 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHochbelastbare, dünnwandige Biegeträger aus Faser‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden haben vielfältige Anwendungen im konstruktiven Ingenieurbau. Dünnwandige Bauteile neigen bei hoher Belastung zu Profilverformungen und Beulen. Daher müssen derartige Versagensarten bei der Bemessung beachtet werden. Speziell bei Faser‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden können außerdem intralaminare und interlaminare Versagensarten auftreten. Diese Eigenschaften verbunden mit der heterogenen Struktur von Faser‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden führen zu einer aufwändigen Modellierung des Werkstoff‐ und Strukturverhaltens. Besondere Beachtung erfordert dort insbesondere die numerische Umsetzung. Innerhalb des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projekts “Große, hochbelastbare Biegeträger aus Faser‐Kunststoff‐Verbunden“ sind Finite‐Elemente‐Modelle zur Analyse des Tragverhaltens hochbelasteter Faserverbund‐Biegeträger entwickelt worden. Dabei wurden 4‐knotige Schalenelemente mit fünf oder sechs Freiheitsgraden an den Knoten verwendet, damit auch Kanten abgebildet werden können. In dem implementierten Modell werden räumliche Probleme mit zweidimensionalen Schalenmodellen erfasst. Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Delamination kamen so genannte Interface‐Elemente zum Einsatz, die auf einem Kohäsiv‐Zonen‐Modell basieren. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einiger mit dem entwickelten Modell durchgeführten nichtlinearen Finite‐Elemente‐Analysen vorgestellt.Highly loaded CFRP‐beams: Load bearing and stability analysis of box girders. Highly‐loaded, thin‐walled girders are in high demand in structural engineering. Thin‐walled structural elements are prone to exhibit warping of the cross section and buckling when subjected to high loads. Therefore, such phenomena need to be investigated. Additionally, with fiber‐reinforced composites, intralaminar and interlaminar failure modes have to be considered. These characteristics along with the heterogeneous structure of fiber‐reinforced composite plastics lead to complex modeling of the material and structural behavior. Special attention must be paid to the numerical implementation. In the joint project “Large high‐strength fiber‐reinforced polymer beams”, funded by the German Research Foundation, finite element models for the analysis of load bearing characteristics of highly loaded fiber‐reinforced composite beams were developed. In the process 4‐node shell elements with five or six degrees of freedom at the nodes were used, in order to be able to model shell intersections. With the approach used three‐dimensional problems can be modeled with two‐dimensional shell models. To investigate the influence of delamination, so called interface‐elements were used, which are based on a cohesive zone model. In this article the results of some finite element analyses conducted with the developed model are presented.
Verformungsbasierte Tragwerksanalysen – eine globale Betrachtungsweise
Authors: Fontana Mario 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGroße Verformungen führen zu Lastumlagerungen in Gesamttragwerken. Dabei werden neue Formen der Lastabtragung aktiviert, welche den Widerstand des Tragsystems erhöhen. Voraussetzung für günstiges globales Tragverhalten sind Tragwerke mit geeigneter konstruktiver Detailgestaltung. Die Analyse des globalen Tragverhaltens erfordert in der Regel verformungsbasierte Ansätze, welche in der Lage sind, Lastumlagerungen und lokales Verhalten realitätsnah zu erfassen.Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen kurzen Einblick in die verformungsbasierte Denkweise als Grundlage für die Konstruktion von effizienten globalen Tragsystemen und der Analyse ihres Tragverhaltens. An einigen Beispielen werden Möglichkeiten und Vorteile der verformungsbasierten Denkweise, ihre Anwendung und konstruktive Umsetzung aufgezeigt.Deformation based analysis of structures – a global perspective. Large Deformations induce redistributions of load in global structures; new lines of load transfer are activated enhancing the ability of the structure to resist loads. A precondition for favorable global structural behavior is adequate detailing providing sufficient ductility. The analysis of global structural behavior often requires deformation based methods able to assess load redistribution and local behavior.This paper gives a short overview on the deformation based approach as basis for design of efficient global structural systems and their structural analysis. Some examples show the potential and advantages of a deformation based approach, its application and implementation by adequate detailing.
Towards the prioritization of system test cases
Authors: Srikanth Hema , Banerjee Sean , Williams Laurie , Osborne Jason 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYDuring software development, companies are frequently faced with lack of time and resources, which limits their ability to effectively complete testing efforts. This paper presents a system‐level, value‐driven approach to test case prioritization called the Prioritization of Requirements for Test (PORT). PORT involves analysing and assigning value to each requirement using the following four factors: requirements volatility, customer priority, implementation complexity, and fault proneness. System test cases are prioritized such that the test cases for requirements with higher priority are executed earlier during system test. PORT was applied to four student team projects as well as an industrial case study. The results show that PORT improves the rate of detection of severe failures over random prioritization. Additionally, the results indicate that customer priority was the most important contributor towards improved rate of failure detection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GABA transaminases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana complement function in cytosol and mitochondria
Authors: Cao Juxiang , Barbosa Jose M. , Singh Narendra , Locy Robert D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGABA transaminase (GABA‐T) catalyses the conversion of GABA to succinate semialdehyde (SSA) in the GABA shunt pathway. The GABA‐T from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScGABA‐TKG) is an α‐ketoglutarate‐dependent enzyme encoded by the UGA1 gene, while higher plant GABA‐T is a pyruvate/glyoxylate‐dependent enzyme encoded by POP2 in Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGABA‐T). The GABA‐T from A. thaliana is localized in mitochondria and mediated by an 18‐amino acid N‐terminal mitochondrial targeting peptide predicated by both web‐based utilities TargetP 1.1 and PSORT. Yeast UGA1 appears to lack a mitochondrial targeting peptide and is localized in the cytosol. To verify this bioinformatic analysis and examine the significance of ScGABA‐TKG and AtGABA‐T compartmentation and substrate specificity on physiological function, expression vectors were constructed to modify both ScGABA‐TKG and AtGABA‐T, so that they express in yeast mitochondria and cytosol. Physiological function was evaluated by complementing yeast ScGABA‐TKG deletion mutant Δuga1 with AtGABA‐T or ScGABA‐TKG targeted to the cytosol or mitochondria for the phenotypes of GABA growth defect, thermosensitivity and heat‐induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study demonstrates that AtGABA‐T is functionally interchangeable with ScGABA‐TKG for GABA growth, thermotolerance and limiting production of ROS, regardless of location in mitochondria or cytosol of yeast cells, but AtGABA‐T is about half as efficient in doing so as ScGABA‐TKG. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that pyruvate/glyoxylate‐limited production of NADPH mediates the effect of the GABA shunt in moderating heat stress in Saccharomyces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-assembly and chemical processing of block copolymers: a roadmap towards a diverse array of block copolymer nanostructures
Authors: Ian Wyman , GuoJun Liu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBlock copolymers can yield a diverse array of nanostructures. Their assembly structures are influenced by their inherent structures, and the wide variety of structures that can be prepared especially becomes apparent when one considers the number of routes available to prepare block copolymer assemblies. Some examples include self-assembly, directed assembly, coupling, as well as hierarchical assembly, which can yield assemblies having even higher structural order. These assembly routes can also be complemented by processing techniques such as selective crosslinking and etching, the former technique leading to permanent structures, the latter towards sculpted and the combination of the two towards permanent sculpted structures. The combination of these pathways provides extremely versatile routes towards an exciting variety of architectures. This review will attempt to highlight destinations reached by LIU Guojun and coworkers following these pathways.