bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new path‐dependent multiaxial fatigue model for metals under different paths
Authors: Li B. C. , Jiang C. , Han X. , Li Y. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBased on the critical plane approach, a new path‐dependent multiaxial fatigue model in low‐cycle fatigue is proposed. The proposed model includes damage contribution from four sources: the normal strain amplitude, the shear strain amplitude on the critical plane, the hydrostatic mean strain and a new path‐dependent factor. The effect of mean strain is considered by the hydrostatic mean strain. The experimental data of 11 kinds of materials are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new model under both zero and non‐zero mean strain multiaxial loading path.
Depth‐specific responses of a chironomid assemblage to contrasting anthropogenic pressures: a palaeolimnological perspective from the last 150 years
Authors: Frossard Victor , Millet Laurent , Verneaux Valérie , Jenny Jean‐Philippe , Arnaud Fabien , Magny Michel , Perga Marie‐Elodie 
Published: September 2013

Summary

The specific effects of three types of anthropogenic forcing (nutrient concentrations, climate change and fisheries management practices) on the benthic invertebrate community over the last 150 years in a re‐oligotrophicated large, deep subalpine lake were investigated using chironomid remains. The structural changes in the chironomid assemblages in different habitats were assessed based on sub‐fossil remains retrieved from sediment cores sampled along a depth gradient (30, 56 and 65 m) and analysed at a high temporal resolution (2–5 years).

Until the 1940s, the chironomid assemblages were strongly depth specific and were characterised by oxyphilous taxa at all studied depths. Subsequently, the assemblages drifted towards domination by common hypoxia‐tolerant taxa. The scores of the first axis of principal component analyses for each studied depth were used as a proxy for community structure, and the influence of anthropogenic forcings on axis scores was assessed using general additive models. The temporal variability of the contribution of each covariate to our model estimates allowed their specific effects to be clarified.

The sensitivity of the chironomid assemblages to the considered forcings was depth dependent. Profundal chironomid assemblages (65 m) responded mainly to nutrient enrichment, whereas assemblages at shallower depths (56 and 30 m) were mainly affected by top‐down effects of the fish community on the pelagic food web, triggering increasing losses of organic matter from the pelagic to the benthic zone. Since the late 1980s, increased air temperatures have probably been responsible for changes in assemblages at all sampled depths, potentially through their effect on the strength and duration of thermal stratification, possibly coupled with changes in mixing efficiency during winter.

Our results highlight linkages between the pelagic and benthic food webs and identify possible temporal substitutions among anthropogenic forcings that successively drive the chironomid assemblages. These findings provide additional evidence of the multiple environmental controls structuring chironomid assemblages and highlight the associated difficulties in predicting chironomid assemblage trajectories following mitigation efforts.
Soymilk concentration by ultrafiltration: effects of pore size and transmembrane pressure on filtration performance
Authors: Giri Saroj K. , Mangaraj Shukadev 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe effects of membrane pore size and operating pressure on filtration flux, membrane fouling and solute rejections of soymilk during ultrafiltration were studied. Soymilk was concentrated from an initial level of 6.5% solid content to 20% solid content using ultrafiltration membranes. Hollow fibre cross‐flow type cartridges having molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) as 1, 10 and 30 kDa were used in the experiments. Filtration data were satisfactorily fitted to De La Garza and Boulton's exponential model to find the exponential fouling coefficient (k) and the membrane resistance (Rm). The permeate fluxes obtained in 10 and 30‐kDa MWCO membranes were found to be approximately four times higher than that of 1‐kDa MWCO membrane, at transmembrane pressure between 100 and 240 kPa. The average flux obtained was 0.7, 3.15 and 2.7 L m−2‐h for 1, 10 and 30‐kDa MWCO membranes, respectively. The Rm value of membranes was found to decrease as the MWCO of membranes increased and transmembrane pressure decreased. The total solid content of permeates obtained by these membranes was between 0.45% and 1.4%. Membrane‐concentrated soymilk was found to have lighter colour and almost half the value of viscosity compared with evaporated milk.
Initial performance evaluation of the UniCel® DxH slide maker/stainer Coulter® cellular analysis system
Authors: Brown W. , Keeney M. , Hedley B. D. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryIntroductionDespite the advancements in instrumentation within hematology laboratories, there is still a need for review of a peripheral blood film (PBF). For a thorough PBF evaluation, it is critical that a well spread and stained film is available.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated an automatic slide maker/stainer (DxH‐SMS, Beckman Coulter) compared with manually prepared blood films on 124 normal and abnormal samples. The primary goal of the study was to determine whether or not the DxH‐SMS was able to consistently and reproducibly prepare and stain blood films of exemplary quality, without carryover between specimens. Additionally, repeatability of white blood cell distribution, comparability of morphology to reference methodologies, and grading of acceptance criteria outlined in the CLSI document H20‐A2 were assessed.ResultsCarryover was not an issue and repeatability was within expected limits. There was excellent agreement of the 5‐part differential between the automated blood films made by the DxH‐SMS compared with the manually prepared reference blood film. There was no difference in identification and enumeration of blasts, variant lymphocytes, or nucleated red blood cells (P < 0.05). Red cell morphology showed excellent agreement.ConclusionBlood films prepared by the DxH‐SMS are of excellent quality, reproducible, and compare well with manually prepared slides. Introduction to our laboratory has improved and standardized slide quality.
The self‐medication hypothesis and psychostimulant treatment of cocaine dependence: An update
Authors: Mariani John J. , Khantzian Edward J. , Levin Frances R. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundStimulant medications have shown promise as a treatment for cocaine dependence (CD) for several decades, yet these treatments have not been widely studied and substantial barriers to clinical implementation remain. The “Self‐Medication Hypothesis,” posits that an individual's choice to use a particular substance is to some degree based on the substance's effect on subjective painful affects or unpleasant emotional states which may or may not be associated with a psychiatric disorder.ObjectivesThe Self‐Medication Hypothesis remains relevant, particularly when considering the scenario of cocaine dependence, both with and without and co‐occurring attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsTwo case studies (N = 2) and a review of the relevant literature are provided in this clinical update on psychostimulant treatment of cocaine dependence.ResultsTwo case studies are presented in which psychostimulant treatment of cocaine dependence was associated with a good clinical outcome.DiscussionWhile the use of psychostimulant medication for the treatment of cocaine dependence is controversial, emerging evidence suggests potential utility for this approach.ConclusionsCocaine use in individuals with CD may represent self‐medication, and prescribed psychostimulants may have benefit in restoring dopaminergic function.Scientific SignificancePsychostimulant treatment of cocaine dependence is consistent with the Self‐Meidcation Hypothesis and is deserving of further study. (Am J Addict 2014;23:189–193)
Milk flow obstruction caused by varicose vein of the teat in dairy cattle
Authors: Lardé Hélène , Nichols Sylvain , Desrochers André , Babkine Marie , Francoz David , Mulon Pierre‐Yves , Couture Yvon 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe varicose vein as a cause of obstruction of the teat cistern in dairy cattle and to report therapeutic options and outcome.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDairy cows (n = 22).MethodsMedical records (1998–2011) of dairy cows admitted for milking difficulties caused by a teat varicose vein were reviewed. Three treatment approaches were used: sclerotherapy, ligation of the vein associated with sclerotherapy, and phlebectomy. Long‐term outcome was obtained ≥6 months after treatment and defined as a milking improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the population at risk and a chi square test was used to evaluate the relationship between treatments and outcomes.ResultsTwenty‐four teats (22 cows) had a varicose vein. Forequarters were more frequently affected than rear quarters (P < .01). Three sclerotherapies, 12 ligations associated with sclerotherapy and 6 phlebectomies were performed. Five veins were not treated. Overall prognosis with treatment was good (84%) at ≥ 6 months and was not significantly different between treatment types (P = .38). Recurrence of the obstruction by the varicose vein occurred in 3 of 19 teats.Conclusions and clinical relevanceSeveral surgical options are available for treatment of teat varicose veins. The overall prognosis of return to normal milking is good.
Impact of Dietary Fiber Enrichment on the Sensory Characteristics and Acceptance of French Baguettes
Authors: Martin Christophe , Chiron Hubert , Issanchou Sylvie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the consequences of dietary fiber (DF) enrichment in standard or superior quality French baguettes. Sensory characteristics of five experimental breads and seven commercial breads were described by a trained panel using a conventional sensory profile. The same set of breads was also evaluated by a panel of consumers who had to rate their expected liking based on the external appearance of a whole bread and then their perceived liking based on the tasting of a sample of that bread. DF enrichment was responsible for deterioration in the expected and perceived liking of breads. However, this deterioration was less substantial when the DF enrichment was realized in superior quality breads, such as baguettes obtained using a traditional French bread‐making process. Indeed, this combination produces baguettes that are well appreciated by consumers upon tasting despite the unconventional sensory characteristics of these baguettes.Practical ApplicationsAs demonstrated in the present study, even when enriched in dietary fibers, baguettes produced according to traditional French bread‐making process are well appreciated by consumers. In France, the French baguette is frequently consumed by a large proportion of the population. Thus, this product could be a good medium for increasing dietary fiber intake. Applied to a large scale, this nutritional improvement of French baguette could contribute to satisfy the national and international nutritional recommendations, which encourage the increase of complex carbohydrates in the diet.
Distinctive features of the D101N and D101G variants of superoxide dismutase 1; two mutations that produce rapidly progressing motor neuron disease
Authors: Ayers Jacob , Lelie Herman , Workman Aron , Prudencio Mercedes , Brown Hilda , Fromholt Susan , Valentine Joan , Whitelegge Julian , Borchelt David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis induce misfolding and aggregation of the protein with the inherent propensity of mutant SOD1 to aggregate generally correlating, with a few exceptions, to the duration of illness in patients with the same mutation. One notable exception was the D101N variant, which has been described as wild‐type‐like. The D101N mutation is associated with rapidly progressing motor neuron degeneration but shows a low propensity to aggregate. By assaying the kinetics of aggregation in a well‐characterized cultured cell model, we show that the D101N mutant is slower to initiate aggregation than the D101G mutant. In this cell system of protein over‐expression, both mutants were equally less able to acquire Zn than WT SOD1. In addition, both of these mutants were equivalently less able to fold into the trypsin‐resistant conformation that characterizes WT SOD1. A second major difference between the two mutants was that the D101N variant more efficiently formed a normal intramolecular disulfide bond. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the D101N and D101G variants exhibit clearly distinctive features, including a different rate of aggregation, and yet both are associated with rapidly progressing disease.
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We sought to better characterize the biochemical features of two SOD1 mutants associated with rapidly progressing disease, the D101G and wild‐type like D101N mutants. We observed using our cell model that that although similarities were observed when comparing the ability to bind metals and resist trypsin digestion, these mutants differed in their ability to initiate aggregation and to form the normal intramolecular disulfide bond. We conclude that these mutants exhibit distinct properties despite producing similar disease phenotypes in patients.
Bed rest duration after sheath removal following percutaneous coronary interventions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mohammady Mina , Atoof Fatemeh , Sari Ali Akbari , Zolfaghari Mitra 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the effect of bed rest duration after sheath removal following percutaneous coronary interventions on the incidence of vascular complications, back pain and urinary problems.BackgroundAccording to the literature, the duration of bed rest after sheath removal following percutaneous coronary interventions ranges from 2–24 hours. Several studies have assessed the effect of duration of bed rest on vascular complications, but a clear final conclusion about the exact duration of bed rest has not been reached.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsCochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, IranMedex and IranDoc were searched. No language limitation was applied. RCTs that used two different periods for ambulation were included. Two reviewers separately assessed the quality of each included study and extracted the data. Dichotomous outcomes were recorded as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval.ResultsFive studies involving 1115 participants were included in the review. Among them, two studies had three comparison groups. The studies considered a variety of periods as early and late ambulation, ranging from 2–10 hours. Totally, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of bleeding, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous fistula and urinary problems between early and late ambulation. There was a statistically significant reduction in the risk of haematoma formation at four to six hours of bed rest compared with eight hours of bed rest (odds ratio = 0·37, 95% CI: 0·15, 0·91). Back pain was reported in one study evaluating three hours of bed rest with an odds ratio of 0·45 (95% confidence interval: 0·28, 0·71) when compared with 10 hours of bed rest.ConclusionsEarly ambulation after percutaneous coronary interventions is safe and feasible; however, the results should be used with caution as the majority of included studies had methodological flaws.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study suggest that patients could be ambulated three to four hours after sheath removal following percutaneous coronary interventions and early ambulation dose does not increase the risk of vascular complications, but it moderates back pain occurrence.
Outcomes of inpatient mobilization: a literature review
Authors: Kalisch Beatrice J , Lee Soohee , Dabney Beverly W 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo review current research evidence on the outcomes of mobilising hospitalised adults.BackgroundAlthough immobility is known to cause functional decline or complications, inpatient ambulation emerged as the most often missed element of nursing care. This study is designed to review research studies that give evidence as to the consequences of mobilising or not mobilising hospitalised adult patients.DesignA literature review of published peer‐reviewed empirical research was undertaken.MethodsThe electronic databases of MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL, and PubMed were accessed to search for relevant empirical articles, supplemented by a search of reference lists contained in retrieved articles and citation tracking.ResultsThirty‐six studies were identified for inclusion in the review. Four areas (study design, sample size, measurement and statistical analysis) were evaluated for methodological quality, and most studies showed strong quality. A synthesis of the findings generated four themes of the effects of inpatient mobilisation: (1) physical outcomes included pain, deep vein thrombosis, fatigue, etc.; (2) psychological outcomes included anxiety, depressive mood, distress, comfort and satisfaction; (3) social outcomes included quality of life and independence; and (4) organisational outcomes included length of stay, mortality and cost.ConclusionMobilising hospitalised adults brings benefits for not only physical functioning, but also their emotional and social well‐being. Moreover, ambulation yields important organisational benefits. These benefits of mobilisation on four areas required viewing the patient in a holistic manner. Even though each study approached different types of patients, illnesses and procedures, this review showed that most inpatients would benefit from mobilisation and would experience optimal functions.Relevance to clinical practiceThe importance of mobilisation for positive patient outcomes highlights the need to develop methods to ensure that this nursing action is completed on a systematic basis.
An ethnographic study of HIV/AIDS among Ayoreo sex workers: cultural factors and risk perception
Authors: López‐Entrambasaguas Olga M , Granero‐Molina José , Fernández‐Sola Cayetano 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe and understand Ayoreo sex workers' perceptions of HIV/AIDS and to identify factors that may affect the prevention of risk behaviours.BackgroundAccording to recent HIV/AIDS incidence reports, being female, indigenous and a sex worker means belonging to a maximum‐risk group, left in the background in terms of strategies for the fight against HIV. Although there has been research into intervention models in these populations, it is important to detail the perceptions of the problem from the perspective of sex workers from the affected ethnic groups.DesignThis study used an ethnographic methodology that included participant observation and semi‐structured interviews.MethodsThe research was conducted in two phases. First, participant observation was chosen to access and observe the behaviour of Ayoreo sex workers. The second phase was a semi‐structured interview with sex workers and key informants. The interviews, together with the field notes, were transcribed and analysed, following inductive strategies to find emerging themes.ResultsHere, we present the results related to four emerging themes: the cultural acceptance of sex work as a useful economic activity; the lack of concern for sexually transmitted illnesses and the stigmatisation of people who are HIV seropositive; external factors that increase vulnerability such as difficulties in using a condom; and conflictive and unbalanced relationships between the Ayoreo people and the health system and health professionals.ConclusionsThe health‐ and sexual reproduction‐related culture, the knowledge and attitudes of sex workers, external factors, and relationships with the health system and health professionals continue to place Ayoreo sex workers in high‐risk conditions in relation to sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS.Relevance to clinical practiceEmploying cultural care as its base, nursing could develop programmes and interventions culturally adapted for the prevention of disease and the promotion of health in these populations.
Parents' constructions of communication with their children about safer sex
Authors: Hyde Abbey , Drennan Jonathan , Butler Michelle , Howlett Etaoine , Carney Marie , Lohan Maria 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo analyse how a sample of parents reportedly communicated with their adolescent and preadolescent children about safer sex (contraceptive and condom use).BackgroundAmong the plethora of existing research available on parent–child communication about sexuality (more broadly), very few studies detail the substance and tenor of what parents actually convey specifically about safer sex.DesignThe study adopted a qualitative methodology and involved interviewing 43 parents (32 mothers and 11 fathers). Data were analysed using modified analytical induction.ResultsFindings indicated that although the majority of parents professed to being open about sexuality with their children, only a minority reportedly conveyed direct messages about contraception and condom use. Moreover, these direct messages appeared to be imparted at a superficial level. Parents were more likely to communicate such messages in a tacit manner through innuendo and intimation. The complacency that parents displayed about the need to undertake safer sex education with their adolescents arose from an understanding that this was covered adequately at school and the belief that their teenager was not in a romantic relationship. In addition, some parents expressed concern that discussing safer sex with teenagers might actually encourage sexual activity.ConclusionWe conclude that some parents may consider themselves to have engaged in sexuality education around safer sex when it appears to be predominantly surface‐level education; that what constitutes ‘doing’ sexuality education is far from clear‐cut may cast some light on why there is little consistency in the literature on the impact of parental communication on sexual health outcomes for young people.Relevance to clinical practiceFor nurses engaged in sexuality health promotion with parents, we caution about presenting unequivocal messages to parents about the impact of parental communication about sexuality on adolescent sexual behaviour without due acknowledgement of the grey areas indicated in the literature.