bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedure‐related bleeding in elective percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Ndrepepa Gjin , Stephan Tilman , Fiedler Katrin Anette , Guerra Elena , Kufner Sebastian , Kastrati Adnan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic impact of procedure‐related bleeding in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains incompletely investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between peri‐PCI bleeding and 1‐year outcome of patients with stable CAD.Materials and methodsThe study included 9035 patients with stable CAD who underwent elective PCI. Bleeding within 30 days of PCI was defined using the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria. The primary outcome was 1‐year mortality.ResultsBleeding occurred in 844 patients (9·3%). Actionable bleeding (BARC class ≥ 2) occurred in 442 patients (4·9%). There were 210 deaths (2·3%) at 1 year following PCI: 41 deaths among patients with bleeding and 169 deaths among patients without bleeding [Kaplan–Meier estimates of mortality, 4·9% and 2·1%; odds ratio = 2·41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·73–3·36, P < 0·001]. The association between bleeding and mortality remained significant after adjustment for baseline risk variables (adjusted hazard ratio = 1·87, 95% CI 1·27–2·76, P = 0·002). Bleeding increased the discriminatory power of the model regarding prediction of 1‐year mortality (absolute and relative integrated discrimination improvement, 0·006% and 16·3%, respectively, P = 0·001).ConclusionsIn patients with stable CAD undergoing elective PCI, the occurrence of bleeding within 30 days of the procedure was associated with increased risk of death at 1 year after PCI. These findings suggest that procedure‐related bleeding may contribute to less than optimal results of PCI in terms of mortality reduction in patients with stable CAD.
Effects of defeat stress on behavioral flexibility in males and females: modulation by the mu‐opioid receptor
Authors: Laredo Sarah A. , Steinman Michael Q. , Robles Cindee F. , Ferrer Emilio , Ragen Benjamin J. , Trainor Brian C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBehavioral flexibility is a component of executive functioning that allows individuals to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Independent lines of research indicate that the mu opioid receptor (MOR) is an important mediator of behavioral flexibility and responses to psychosocial stress. The current study bridges these two lines of research and tests the extent to which social defeat and MOR affect behavioral flexibility and whether sex moderates these effects in California mice (Peromyscus californicus). Males and females assigned to social defeat or control conditions were tested in a Barnes maze. In males, defeat impaired behavioral flexibility but not acquisition. Female performance was unaffected by defeat. MOR binding in defeated and control mice in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), striatum and hippocampus was examined via autoradiography. Stressed males had reduced MOR binding in the OFC whereas females were unaffected. The MOR antagonist beta‐funaltrexamine (1 mg/kg) impaired performance in males naïve to defeat during the reversal phase but had no effect on females. Finally, we examined the effects of the MOR agonist morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) on stressed mice. As expected, morphine improved behavioral flexibility in stressed males. The stress‐induced deficits in behavioral flexibility in males are consistent with a proactive coping strategy, including previous observations that stressed male California mice exhibit strong social approach and aggression. Our pharmacological data suggest that a down‐regulation of MOR signaling in males may contribute to sex differences in behavioral flexibility following stress. This is discussed in the framework of coping strategies for individuals with mood disorders.
Diurnal and stress‐induced intra‐hippocampal corticosterone rise attenuated in 11β‐HSD1‐deficient mice: a microdialysis study in young and aged mice
Authors: Yau Joyce L. W. , Noble June , Kenyon Christopher J. , Ludwig Mike , Seckl Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract11β‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) locally regenerates active glucocorticoids from their inert forms thereby amplifying intracellular levels within target tissues including the brain. We previously showed greater increases in intra‐hippocampal corticosterone (CORT) levels upon Y‐maze testing in aged wild‐type than in 11β‐HSD1−/− mice coinciding with impaired and intact spatial memory, respectively. Here we examined whether ageing influences 11β‐HSD1 regulation of CORT in the dorsal hippocampus under basal conditions during the diurnal cycle and following stress. Intra‐hippocampal CORT levels measured by in vivo microdialysis in freely behaving wild‐type mice displayed a diurnal variation with peak levels in the evening that were significantly elevated with ageing. In contrast, the diurnal rise in intra‐hippocampal CORT levels was greatly diminished in 11β‐HSD1−/− mice and there was no rise with ageing; basal intra‐hippocampal CORT levels were similar to wild‐type controls. Furthermore, a short (3 min) swim stress induced a longer lasting increase in intra‐hippocampal CORT levels in wild‐type mice than in 11β‐HSD1−/− mice despite no genotypic differences in elevation of plasma CORT. These data indicate that 11β‐HSD1 activity contributes substantially to diurnal and stress‐induced increases in hippocampal CORT levels. This contribution is even greater with ageing. Thus, 11β‐HSD1 inhibition may be an attractive target for treating cognitive impairments associated with stress or ageing.
Reverse‐dipper pattern of blood pressure may predict lacunar infarction in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Yan B. , Peng L. , Dong Q. , Zheng F. , Yang P. , Sun L. , Gong S. , Zeng L. , Wang G. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeThe fluctuation of circadian blood pressure (BP) is of great diversity in patients with essential hypertension and may provide significant prognostic value for stroke. However, it remains uncertain whether reverse‐dipper pattern of BP influences the incidence of lacunar infarction in hypertensive patients.MethodsIn the current study, 362 hypertensive patients (195 males, 167 females) were enrolled. BP patterns were evaluated with 24‐h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Multinomial logistic regression was applied to analyse the possible relationships between lacunar infarction and various clinical risk factors such as ABPM.ResultsA total of 93 patients (25.7%) had reverse‐dipper BP pattern. Non‐dipper pattern of BP was observed in 179 hypertensive patients (49.4%) and dipper pattern in 90 patients (24.9%). The percentage of lacunar infarction was the highest in the patients with reverse‐dipper pattern compared with pure hypertension or atherothrombotic cerebral infarction (P < 0.05). After multinomial logistic regression analysis, reverse‐dipper pattern of BP (odds ratio 2.492; 95% confidence interval 1.133–5.479; P < 0.05) and age (odds ratio 1.084; 95% confidence interval 1.047–1.123; P < 0.01) were found to be directly associated with lacunar infarction.ConclusionsReverse‐dipper BP pattern may serve as an independent risk factor for lacunar infarction and more personalized BP management should be offered to the patients who have elevated nocturnal BP.
Development of microsatellite loci from a reference genome for the Neotropical butterfly Heliconius numata and its close relatives
Authors: Chouteau Mathieu , Whibley Annabel , Angers Bernard , Joron Mathieu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Neotropical butterfly Heliconius numata (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) is known for its striking diversity of wing color patterns driven by the Müllerian mimicry of multiple local models and controlled by a single supergene locus. Such fine‐scale variation of traits under strong selection offers a unique opportunity for the study of the ecology and genetics of adaptation. However, little is still known of the population processes driving geographical variation in wing‐pattern phenotypes. We report the characterization of 26 microsatellite markers for the butterfly H. numata, including six located inside the wing color‐pattern supergene region. All markers are polymorphic, with allele numbers ranging from 2 to 21 per locus, an observed heterozygosity of 0.111 to 0.848 and an expected heterozygosity of 0.126 to 0.942. A subset of 18 of these markers was tested on five closely related sympatric Heliconius species with an amplification success ranging from 88% to 94%. The obtained set of microsatellite markers provides a new and useful set of tools to investigate patterns of differentiation and selection in populations of mimetic Heliconius butterflies. Moreover, markers developed within the color‐pattern supergene will facilitate characterization of the association between the genetic architecture and the functional diversity of wing patterns. Finally, the cross‐species amplification success of the described markers extends their utility to also encompass comparative population genetic studies of closely related species within a clade of rapidly diversifying species.
Intramuscular midazolam versus intravenous lorazepam for the prehospital treatment of status epilepticus in the pediatric population
Authors: Welch Robert D. , Nicholas Katherine , Durkalski‐Mauldin Valerie L. , Lowenstein Daniel H. , Conwit Robin , Mahajan Prashant V. , Lewandowski Christopher , Silbergleit Robert ,   the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) Network Investigators
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of intramuscular (IM) midazolam versus intravenous (IV) lorazepam for the treatment of pediatric patients with status epilepticus (SE) in the prehospital care setting.MethodsThis multicenter clinical trial randomized patients diagnosed with SE to receive either IM midazolam or IV lorazepam administered by paramedics in the prehospital care setting. Included in this secondary analysis were only patients younger than 18 years of age. Evaluated were the associations of the treatment group (IM vs. IV) with the primary outcome, defined as seizure cessation prior to emergency department (ED) arrival, and with patient characteristics, time to important events, and adverse events. Descriptive statistics and 99% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for the analysis.ResultsOf 893 primary study subjects, 120 met criteria for this study (60 in each treatment group). There were no differences in important baseline characteristics or seizure etiologies between groups. The primary outcome was met in 41 (68.3%) and 43 (71.7%) of subjects in the IM and IV groups, respectively (risk difference [RD] −3.3%, 99% CI −24.9% to 18.2%). Similar results were noted for those younger than 11 years (RD −1.3%, 99% CI −25.7% to 23.1%). Time from initiating the treatment protocol was shorter for children who received IM midazolam, mainly due to the shorter time to administer the active treatment. Safety profiles were similar.SignificanceIM midazolam can be rapidly administered and appears to be safe and effective for the management of children with SE treated in the prehospital setting. The results must be interpreted in the context of the secondary analysis design and sample size of the study.
Anthropogenic host plant expansion leads a nettle‐feeding butterfly out of the forest: consequences for larval survival and developmental plasticity in adult morphology
Authors: Merckx Thomas , Serruys Mélanie , Van Dyck Hans 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent anthropogenic eutrophication has meant that host plants of nettle‐feeding insects became quasi‐omnipresent in fertile regions of Western Europe. However, host plant resource quality – in terms of microclimate and nutritional value – may vary considerably between the ‘original’ forest habitat and ‘recent’ agricultural habitat. Here, we compared development in both environmental settings using a split‐brood design, so as to explore to what extent larval survival and adult morphology in the nettle‐feeding butterfly Aglais urticae are influenced by the anthropogenic environment. Nettles along field margins had higher C/N ratios and provided warmer microclimates to larvae. Larvae developed 20% faster and tended to improve their survival rates, on the agricultural land compared to woodland. Our split‐brood approach indicated plastic responses within families, but also family effects in the phenotypic responses. Adult males and females had darker wing pigmentation in the drier and warmer agricultural environment, which contrasts with the thermal melanism hypothesis. Developmental plasticity in response to this microclimatically different and more variable habitat was associated with a broader phenotypic parameter space for the species. Both habitat expansion and developmental plasticity are likely contributors to the ecological and evolutionary success of these nettle‐feeding insects in anthropogenic environments under high nitrogen load.
Gender Role Attitudes across the Transition to Adolescent Motherhood in Mexican‐Origin Families
Authors: Toomey Russell B. , Updegraff Kimberly A. , Umaña‐Taylor Adriana J. , Jahromi Laudan B. 
Published: January 2015

Using longitudinal data collected at four time points from 191 dyads of Mexican‐origin adolescent first‐time mothers and their mother figures, we examined changes in and socialization of traditional gender role attitudes across the transition to parenthood using latent growth curve modeling and actor–partner interdependence modeling. Longitudinal growth models indicated that, regardless of nativity status, adolescent mothers' and their foreign‐born mother figures' gender role attitudes became more egalitarian across adolescents' transition to parenthood, spanning from the 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 36 months postpartum. Furthermore, actor‐partner interdependence modeling suggested that adolescents' and their mother figures' gender role attitudes during adolescents' third trimester of pregnancy equally contributed to subsequent increases in one another's gender role attitudes at 10 months postpartum. Importantly, this reciprocal socialization process was not moderated by adolescent mothers' nor by their mother figures' nativity status. Findings suggest that it is important to understand the cultural and intergenerational family processes that contribute to the development of gender role attitudes during the transition to parenthood for adolescent mothers and their mother figures in Mexican‐origin families.
Reproduction, condition and abundance of the Mediterranean bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) in the context of sea warming
Authors: Villegas‐Hernández Harold , Lloret Josep , Muñoz Marta 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study evaluates the link between sea warming and three important aspects of the population dynamics of bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, in the north‐western (NW) Mediterranean: condition (health measures), reproduction and abundance (as reflected in catch per unit effort, CPUE). We compared the bluefish populations from two areas with different thermal regimes: the Gulf of Roses and the Ebre Delta. First, in order to compare the condition and reproduction parameters of the two populations, specimens were collected from the commercial catch landed in two ports located in these areas. Several indicators of fish condition and reproduction such as hepatosomatic index, gonadosomatic index, maturation timing, length‐at‐first maturity, fecundity, egg quality and atresia (ovarian follicle resorption) were analysed and compared between study areas. Second, time series analyses of sea surface temperatures (SST) and monthly bluefish CPUEs in the two study areas were assessed using Box–Jenkins transfer function models. Our results indicate that bluefish benefit from sea warming in the NW Mediterranean, particularly in the northernmost zone, as evidenced by increasing fish condition in these waters. Sea warming may favour the changes in spawning phenology and the northward expansion of this species. This study provides evidence that a marine fish species that is able to expand or is forced to shift its distribution as a result of sea warming may take advantage of other environmental conditions of new habitats, contributing to the enhancement of the population's productivity in these areas.
Ten‐year mortality in older patients attending the emergency department after a fall
Authors: Tan Maw Pin , Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah , Zakaria Mohd Idzwan , Chin Ai‐Vyrn , Poi Philip Jun Hua 
Published: January 2015

AimTo determine the dependency scores, long‐term mortality and factors associated with mortality in older people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a fall.MethodsInformation on sociodemographics, dependency using the Barthel index and fall characteristics were collected from consecutive patients attending the ED over a 6‐month period. Barthel score was reassessed at 12 months. Ten‐year mortality data were obtained through the National Registry Department.ResultsA total of 198 participants, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 76.2 years (6.3 years) and 74% women, were recruited. Of these, 70% sustained falls indoors, while 49% of falls occurred between 06.00 to 12.00 hours. Total Barthel scores were significantly lower at 1‐year follow up compared with baseline (median [interquartile range], 20 [2] vs 18 [5], P < 0.001). Age ≥75 years was significantly associated with mortality at 1, 3, 5 and 10 years (HR 3.12, 95% CI 1.48–6.56; HR 2.32, 95% CI 1.37–3.92; HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.21–2.88; and HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.60–3.17, respectively). Indoor falls (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.07–6.06; HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.10–3.69), hospital admission (HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.14–4.10; HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.11–3.07) and Barthel ≤18 (HR 2.99, 95% CI 1.39–6.44; HR 2.47, 95% CI 1.40–4.33) were significantly associated with 1‐year and 3‐year mortality. Hospital admission (HR 1.94, 95% CI 1.24–3.01; HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.06–2.23) and Barthel ≤18 (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.41–3.66; HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.27–2.68) remained significantly associated with increased mortality at 5 and 10 years.ConclusionFunctional ability is significantly reduced at 1 year after an initial presentation to the ED with a fall. Mortality is increased at 1 and 3 years in fallers who experienced indoor falls. The excess mortality associated with hospital admission and lower disability scores is persistent at 5 and 10 years. The results of the present study are invaluable in prognostication and healthcare decision‐making for this group of frail older patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 111–117.
Enhanced vaccination effect against influenza by prebiotics in elderly patients receiving enteral nutrition
Authors: Akatsu Hiroyasu , Nagafuchi Shinya , Kurihara Rina , Okuda Kenji , Kanesaka Takeshi , Ogawa Norihiro , Kanematsu Takayoshi , Takasugi Satoshi , Yamaji Taketo , Takami Masao , Yamamoto Takayuki , Ohara Hirotaka , Maruyama Mitsuo 
Published: January 2015

AimWe investigated the effect of prebiotics on the immunological response after influenza vaccination in enterally fed elderly individuals. The intervention group was given an enteral formula containing lactic acid bacteria‐fermented milk products. In addition, two different types of other prebiotics, galacto‐oligosaccharide and bifidogenic growth stimulator, were also given. The two prebiotics improved intestinal microbiota differently. In a control group, a standard formula without prebiotics was given.MethodsAn enteral formula with (intervention group [F]) or without (control group [C]) prebiotics was given through percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to elderly participants for 10 weeks. Influenza vaccine was inoculated at week 4. Nutritional and biochemical indices, intestinal micro bacteria and immunological indices were analyzed.ResultsThe Bifidobacterium count in groups F and C at week 0 was 6.4 ± 1.9 and 6.6 ± 3.0 (log10 [count/g feces]), respectively. Although the count in group C decreased at week 10, the count in group F increased. The Bacteroides count in group F increased from 10.7 ± 0.9 to 11.4 ± 0.5, but decreased in group C from 11.2 ± 0.2 to 10.7 ± 0.4. Although the enhanced titers of H1N1, H3N2 and B antigens against the vaccine decreased thereafter in group C, these enhanced titers in group F could be maintained.ConclusionOur findings suggest that prebiotics affect the intestinal microbiota and might maintain the antibody titers in elderly individuals. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 205–213.
Higher Education Governance as Language Games: A Wittgensteinian Case Study of the Breakdown of Governance at the London School of Economics 2004–2011
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper calls for a more detailed study of social practices in the analysis of governance failures. Using the Woolf report on the breakdown of governance at the London School of Economics as a case study and Wittgenstein's notion of language games as an analytic lens, the author argues that widely used institutional and structural theories of governance are necessary but not sufficient to explain how governance works and why it fails. It is also necessary to understand, through a detailed micro‐analysis of talk and action, the contingent social practices occurring within and outside these structures. This matters because structural accounts of governance tend to present solutions as changes in structures, standards and procedures or measures to make academics comply with these. A language games framing, in contrast, suggests that it matters less what form the structures of governance take than the extent to which they allow effective deliberation on the numerous contradictions and paradoxes that make up their day‐to‐day work. The paper concludes that those charged with governing universities should maximise opportunities for individuals and groups to deliberate on, and ‘muddle through’, the multiple and conflicting demands and accountabilities that characterise contemporary higher education.
Comparing Efficiency of Public Universities among European Countries: Different Incentives Lead to Different Performances
Authors: Agasisti Tommaso , Haelermans Carla 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper analyses the relationship between the public funding systems of higher education in Italy and the Netherlands and their universities' performances. Empirically, an efficiency analysis on 13 Dutch and 58 Italian public universities is conducted. The findings show that the relative efficiency of Italian and Dutch universities is strongly influenced by the policy perspective adopted. If the goal is to realise the European goals and minimise resources employed for obtaining a high number of graduates, Dutch universities turn out to be more efficient. However, Italian universities are much more efficient if the priority is to minimise the costs for a given level of activity, such as number of students.
Bioarchaeology and the Ethics of Research Using Human Skeletal Remains
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn a recent article, Pobst refers to bioarchaeologists as “grave‐robbing scientists,” a phrase that negatively and inaccurately describes such researchers. This paper provides an overview of the history of the collection of human skeletal remains by anthropologists and others, which has resulted in misconceptions about current practices in the field, and of the important changes that have been made in recent decades to ensure that bioarchaeological research is done ethically. Recent Black Death research is emphasized as an example of bioarchaeology that conforms to the ethical standards of numerous organizations and avoids the exploitative use of human remains against the wishes of descendant populations.