bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caseload as a factor for outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Boogaarts Hieronymus D. , van Amerongen Martinus J. , de Vries Joost , Westert Gert P. , Verbeek André L. M. , Grotenhuis J. André , Bartels Ronald H. M. A. 
Published: October 2013

Object
Increasing evidence exists that treatment of complex medical conditions in high-volume centers is found to improve outcome. Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a complex disease, probably also benefit from treatment at a high-volume center. The authors aimed to determine, based on published literature, whether a higher hospital caseload is associated with improved outcomes of patients undergoing treatment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Methods
The authors identified studies from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to September 28, 2012, that evaluated outcome in high-volume versus low-volume centers in patients with SAH who were treated by either clipping or endovascular coiling. No language restrictions were set. The compared outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. Mortality in studies was pooled in a random effects meta-analysis. Study quality was reported according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria.

Results
Four articles were included in this analysis, representing 36,600 patients. The quality of studies was graded low in 3 and very low in 1. Meta-analysis using a random effects model showed a decrease in hospital mortality (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.60–0.97]; p = 0.00; I2 = 91%) in high-volume hospitals treating SAH patients. Sensitivity analysis revealed the relative weight of the 1 low-quality study. Removal of the study with very low quality increased the effect size of the meta-analysis to an OR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.56–0.84; p = 0.00; I2 = 86%). The definition of hospital volume differed among studies. Cutoffs and dichotomizations were used as well as division in quartiles. In 1 study, low volume was defined as 9 or fewer patients yearly, whereas in another it was defined as fewer than 30 patients yearly. Similarly, 1 study defined high volume as more than 20 patients annually, and another defined it as more than 50 patients a year. For comparability between studies, recalculation was done with dichotomized data if available. Cross et al., 2003 (low volume ≤ 18, high volume ≥ 19) and Johnston, 2000 (low volume ≤ 31, high volume ≥ 32) provided core data for recalculation. The overall results of this analysis revealed an OR of 0.85 (95% CI 0.72–0.99; p = 0.00; I2 = 87%).

Conclusions
Despite the shortcomings of this study, the mortality rate was lower in hospitals with a larger caseload. Limitations of the meta-analysis are the not uniform cutoff values and uncertainty about case mix.
Development of microsatellite markers in Cratylia mollis and their transferability to C. argentea (Fabaceae)
Authors: López‐Roberts M. Cristina , de Queiroz Luciano Paganucci , van den Berg Cássio 
Published: October 2013

• Premise of the study: This work aimed to develop microsatellite markers for Cratylia mollis as tools to assess its genetic diversity and structure and to evaluate their potential cross‐amplification in related species.• Methods and Results: Microsatellite markers were developed using a microsatellite‐enriched library and an intersimple sequence repeat library. From a set of 19 markers, 12 microsatellite loci were polymorphic and presented considerable variation in allele number (2–11), expected heterozygosity (0.226–0.883), and polymorphism information content per locus (0.212–0.870). Cross‐amplification in C. argentea was successful in 16 loci, 12 of which were polymorphic (2–10 alleles).• Conclusions: The polymorphism of this set of microsatellite markers for C. mollis, as well as their successful cross‐amplification in C. intermedia and C. bahiensis and their transferability to C. argentea, supports their use in future comparative studies to understand the mechanism involved in population divergence and speciation in the genus.
Soup Kitchen . L'encadrement philanthropique à l'épreuve des budgets ouvriers (Londres, 1875-1906)
Authors: Lhuissier Anne 
Published: October 2013

L’offre de repas charitables – dinner tables et soup kitchens – qui se développe à Londres dans le dernier quart du XIX e siècle entrave l’encadrement pratique des activités charitables et l’encadrement moral des classes populaires, que les agents du monde philanthropique s’évertuent à mettre en place. Elle représente tout ce contre quoi ils se battent : le secours à domicile ( outdoor relief ) en espèces ou en nature et la charité indiscriminée ( indiscriminate charity ) favorisaient la dépendance des pauvres et les affranchissaient de la rationalité économique indispensable à la gestion du budget domestique. La confrontation des pratiques et des représentations des philanthropes aux budgets et aux pratiques ouvrières montre également que ces formes de distribution sont assez peu compatibles avec les habitudes populaires. Pourtant celles-ci déplacent les frontières des catégories en usage au sein du monde philanthropique, sur lesquelles se maintenait un modus vivendi et mettent en évidence la place ambiguë du marché de consommation comme intermédiaire dans les relations entre philanthropie et classes populaires.
La barrière ne fera pas le niveau
Authors: Bodin Romuald , Orange Sophie 
Published: October 2013

Les cartographies de l’enseignement supérieur sont généralement fondées sur une série d’oppositions duales, séparant cycle court et cycle long, filières académiques et filières professionnalisantes, ou encore secteur « sélectif » et secteur « non sélectif ». Or, cette partition est non seulement erronée, mais elle est au principe d’affirmations sur l’état actuel de l’enseignement supérieur qui le sont tout autant. Parmi ces dernières, la question de la sélection à l’entrée à l’université resurgit chroniquement. C’est en vue d’apporter notre contribution à ce débat que nous proposons ici de revenir sur la fausse dichotomie de l’enseignement supérieur entre filières sélectives et filières ouvertes, et de remettre en question quelques fausses associations comme sélectif = élitiste, sélectif = électif, ou encore abandon = échec.
« Souffrir non souffrir » : la mélancolie d'Oblomov
Authors: Laufer Laurie 
Published: October 2013

La figure littéraire d’Oblomov, roman éponyme de Gontcharov, entrant en écho avec Un homme qui dort de Georges Perec, déploie les rythmes de la mélancolie. Oblomov est un homme qui dort. La mélancolie d’Oblomov abrase tout rythme et tout circuit pulsionnel. Ne pas être atteint, ne rien ressentir, tel est le mode d’être d’Oblomov. Éviter d’être affecté par le monde qui l’entoure ou qui le traverse. Qu’est-ce que désirer ne pas être ? Éviter tout excès lié au sexuel ? Éviter toute dépense de soi, toute brûlure pulsionnelle ? Oblomov enchaîné fait corps avec lui-même. Il est le corps mélancolique.
Developmental mapping of small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel expression in the rat nervous system
Authors: Gymnopoulos Marco , Cingolani Lorenzo A. , Pedarzani Paola , Stocker Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEarly electrical activity and calcium influx regulate crucial aspects of neuronal development. Small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium (SK) channels regulate action potential firing and shape calcium influx through feedback regulation in mature neurons. These functions, observed in the adult nervous system, make them ideal candidates to regulate activity‐ and calcium‐dependent processes in neurodevelopment. However, to date little is known about the onset of expression and regions expressing SK channel subunits in the embryonic and postnatal development of the central nervous system (CNS). To allow studies on the contribution of SK channels to different phases of development of single neurons and networks, we have performed a detailed in situ hybridization mapping study, providing comprehensive distribution profiles of all three SK subunits (SK1, SK2, and SK3) in the rat CNS during embryonic and postnatal development. SK channel transcripts are expressed at early stages of prenatal CNS development. The three SK channel subunits display different developmental expression gradients in distinct CNS regions, with time points of expression and up‐ or downregulation that can be associated with a range of diverse developmental events. Their early expression in embryonic development suggests an involvement of SK channels in the regulation of developmental processes. Additionally, this study shows how the postnatal ontogenetic patterns lead to the adult expression map for each SK channel subunit and how their coexpression in the same regions or neurons varies throughout development. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1072–1101, 2014. © 2013 The Authors The Journal of Comparative Neurology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postoperative Chyle Leak After Major Pancreatic Resections in Patients Who Receive Enteral Feed: Risk Factors and Management Options
Authors: Hilal Mohammed Abu , Layfield David M. , Di Fabio Francesco , Arregui‐Fresneda Irantzu , Panagiotopoulou Ioanna G. , Armstrong Thomas H. , Pearce Neil W. , Johnson Colin D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundChyle leak complicates 1.3–10.8 % of pancreatic resections. Universal use of parenteral nutrition following pancreatic resection may reduce the incidence of chyle leak. However, this denies the majority of patients who do not develop chyle leak the benefits of enteral nutrition (EN). The present study aimed to identify risk factors for chyle leak following pancreatic resection within a single institution where EN was used universally.MethodsAll patients who underwent pancreatic resection between January 2007 and December 2010 were identified retrospectively. The patients had been treated according to a common unit protocol of enteral feeding; those developing chyle leak were switched to a medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) regimen. Clinical progress and recovery after surgery was evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with chyle leak.ResultsA total of 245 patients underwent major pancreatic resection (231 pancreatoduodenectomy, 14 total pancreatectomy). Chyle leak complicated 40 cases (16.3 %). After multivariate analysis, both extensive lymphadenectomy (P = 0.002) and postoperative portal/mesenteric venous thrombosis (PVT) (P = 0.009) were independently linked with a higher incidence of chyle leak. The development of chyle leak was not associated with poorer survival or prolonged duration of hospital stay. It was associated with a significantly increased duration of abdominal drainage and reduced likelihood of early hospital discharge (P = 0.026).ConclusionsUniversal use of enteral feeding is associated with a high rate of chyle leak following pancreatic resection. Patients undergoing extensive lymphadenectomy or those who develop PVT postoperatively are at increased risk. Development of chyle leak was not associated with additional morbidity or mortality following implementation of an MCT regimen. The implication is that reactive management of chyle leak with conversion to a MCT predominant diet is safe.
“Cherry Picking”, a Multiple Non‐anatomic Liver Resection Technique, as a Promising Option for Diffuse Liver Metastases in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours
Authors: Krausch Markus , Raffel Andreas , Anlauf Martin , Schott Matthias , Lehwald Nadja , Krieg Andreas , Topp Stefan Andreas , Cupisti Kenko , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIntroductionLiver metastases of GEP‐NETs are a known major prognostic factor with a strong effect on patients’ survival. To date, various treatment options are available, whereas surgery remains the only curative option. Because large liver resections often cannot be performed due to insufficient remnant liver volume, a special operative technique, “cherry picking” (multiple nonanatomic liver resections), can be used as a tissue‐preserving procedure.MethodsOf 91 patients with various GEP‐NETs, 16 patients were identified with synchronous or metachronous multifocal, bilobular liver metastases (>10). All were treated with “cherry picking.” Patient records were reviewed retrospectively and clinical data and pathology results were analyzed.ResultsMean survival after primary tumour resection was 82.8 versus 41.2 months after liver surgery. All 16 patients are still alive. Mean recurrence‐free survival after primary tumour operation was 49.8 versus 24.6 months after liver surgery. Complications of cherry picking included two postoperative biliary leakages and three small hepatic abscesses (conservative/interventional approach 25 % (n = 4), surgical approach 6.25 % (n = 1). There was no postoperative mortality. Initial hormonal symptoms (5/16 patients) completely disappeared postoperatively in 2 patients and were significantly decreased in 3 patients.ConclusionsThe tissue‐preserving surgical technique “cherry picking” has developed due to improved imaging techniques and increased knowledge in liver anatomy, which has helped to make this approach safer and easier. Highly selected patients with multiple bilobular liver metastases of GEP‐NET can benefit from this special surgical approach, also applicable for recurrent metastases.
Muscle Function Is Impaired in Patients With “Asymptomatic” Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Rolighed Lars , Amstrup Anne Kristine , Jakobsen Niels Frederik Breum , Sikjaer Tanja , Mosekilde Leif , Christiansen Peer , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with “asymptomatic” primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) often describe improvement after surgery.MethodsWe evaluated muscle and balance function, quality of life (QoL), and well‐being in 58 PHPT patients and 58 population‐based matched controls in a cross‐sectional study. We tested whether patients considered “asymptomatic” according to international guidelines have functional impairment.ResultsMean age of the patients and controls was 59 years, and 47 (81 %) were women. Patients had higher levels of plasma PTH and ionized calcium. Creatinine and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels did not differ between groups. Altogether, 16 (28 %) patients were “asymptomatic.” Compared with controls, PHPT was associated with significantly lower QoL in all eight domains of the short form‐36 questionnaire, lower well‐being (WHO Five Well‐Being Index; p < 0.001), and impaired postural stability during normal standing with eyes open (p < 0.05) or closed (p < 0.001). Maximum isometric muscle strength was reduced in both upper (p < 0.01) and lower (p < 0.001) extremities. Physical performance was decreased during 10 repeated chair stands (p < 0.001) and time to walk 3 m forward and back (p < 0.05). Restricting analyses to “asymptomatic” patients showed significantly lower muscle strength at knee extension and flexion and impaired postural stability than in matched controls.ConclusionsPHPT is associated with deleterious effects on muscles and QoL. Impairments also apply to patients with mild disease, normally considered “asymptomatic.” This may explain why “asymptomatic” patients report improvements following surgery. The impaired muscle function may contribute to increased fracture risk independent of bone mineral density.
Test‐Retest Reliability of the ABILHAND Questionnaire in Persons With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Ekstrand Elisabeth , Lindgren Ingrid , Lexell Jan , Brogårdh Christina 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundReliable and valid outcome measures are needed to be able to evaluate recovery, effects of rehabilitation interventions, and changes over time. The ABILHAND Questionnaire is a measure of a patient's self‐reported ability to perform complex daily activities involving use of the hand. This instrument is commonly used in stroke rehabilitation settings, but data about the measurement variability are missing.ObjectiveTo assess the test‐retest reliability of the ABILHAND Questionnaire in persons with chronic stroke and to define limits for the smallest change that indicates a real change, both for a group of individuals and for a single individual.DesignA test‐retest reliability study.SettingsUniversity hospital.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 43 persons (11 women and 32 men; mean age 64 years) with mild to moderate impairments of hand function 6‐48 months after sustaining a stroke.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe ABILHAND Questionnaire is Rasch analyzed, enabling ordinal data to be converted into an interval scale (logits) and the use of parametric statistical analyses. The participants responded to 23 items in the ABILHAND Questionnaire on 2 occasions, 2 weeks apart. Reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC22.1), the mean difference between the test sessions (đ) together with the 95% confidence intervals for đ, the standard error of measurement (SEM and SEM%), the smallest real difference (SRD and SRD%), and a Bland and Altman graph.ResultsFour outliers with high mean logit scores (>4.0) were identified in the sample. The results therefore are presented both for the entire sample (n = 43) and without the 4 outliers (n = 39). The test‐retest agreement was high: ICC2,1 = 0.85 (n = 43) and 0.91 (n = 39). The SEM%, which represents the smallest change that indicates a real improvement for a group of individuals, was 21% (n = 43) and 15% (n = 39). The SRD%, which represents the smallest change that indicates a real clinical improvement for a single individual, was 59% (n = 43) and 42% (n = 39), respectively.ConclusionThe ABILHAND Questionnaire is reliable in persons with chronic stroke and can be recommended to evaluate recovery, rehabilitation interventions, and changes over time in a group of individuals but is less suitable for a single individual.
Down-regulation of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) expression after weaning is associated with hyperphagia-induced obesity in JCR rats overexpressing neuropeptide Y
Authors: Diané Abdoulaye , Pierce W. David , Russell James C. , Heth C. Donald , Vine Donna F. , Richard Denis , Proctor Spencer D. 
Published: October 2013

We hypothesised that hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptides are differentially expressed in obese-prone and lean-prone rats and trigger overeating-induced obesity. To test this hypothesis, in the present study, we measured energy balance and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expressions in male JCR:LA-cp rats. We compared, in independent cohorts, free-feeding obese-prone (Obese-FF) and lean-prone (Lean-FF) rats at pre-weaning (10 d old), weaning (21–25 d old) and early adulthood (8–12 weeks). A group of Obese-pair-feeding (PF) rats pair-fed to the Lean-FF rats was included in the adult cohort. The body weights of 10-d-old Obese-FF and Lean-FF pups were not significantly different. However, when the pups were shifted from dams' milk to solid food (weaning), the obese-prone rats exhibited more energy intake over the days than the lean-prone rats and higher body and fat pad weights and fasting plasma glucose, leptin, insulin and lipid levels. These differences were consistent with higher energy consumption and lower energy expenditure. In the young adult cohort, the differences between the Obese-FF and Lean-FF rats became more pronounced, yielding significant age effects on most of the parameters of the metabolic syndrome, which were reduced in the Obese-PF rats. The obese-prone rats displayed higher NPY expression than the lean-prone rats at pre-weaning and weaning, and the expression levels did not differ by age. In contrast, POMC expression exhibited significant age-by-genotype differences. At pre-weaning, there was no genotype difference in POMC expression, but in the weanling cohort, obese-prone pups exhibited lower POMC expression than the lean-prone rats. This genotype difference became more pronounced at adulthood. Overall, the development of hyperphagia-induced obesity in obese-prone JCR rats is related to POMC expression down-regulation in the presence of established NPY overexpression.
Bloodstream infection as a predictor for mortality in severe burn patients: an 11-year study
Authors: EGOZI D. , HUSSEIN K. , FILSON S. , MASHIACH T. , ULLMANN Y. , RAZ-PASTEUR A. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYIn this study we collected and analysed data of the severe burn patients at our institution over an 11-year period in order to shed light on the controversial role of bloodstream infection (BSI) as a predictive factor for mortality in this burn population. The factors examined were age, total body surface area, smoke inhalation, presence of BSI, and BSI with resistant bacteria. In total 1081 burn patients were hospitalized from 2001 to 2011, of whom 4% died. We focused here on 158 severe burn patients, 74 of whom developed BSI, and 35 who died. Using univariate analysis, it appeared that the BSI group had a threefold greater chance of mortality compared to the non-BSI group. Patients with a Ryan score 3 had a 100% chance of mortality and those with a score 0 had 0%. Thus, focusing only on Ryan score 1 and score 2 patients, BSI did not contribute to mortality, nor was it shown to contribute to mortality in a multivariate analysis in which the score and BSI were included together. When BSI did occur, it predicted longer hospitalization periods. We conclude that BSI predicts longer length of hospitalization stay but does not contribute to the prediction of mortality beyond that offered by the Ryan score in a severe burn population.
New Support for the Big Sort Hypothesis: An Assessment of Partisan Geographic Sorting in California, 1992–2010
Authors: Sussell Jesse 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article empirically examines the “Big Sort hypothesis”—the notion that, in recent years, liberal and conservative Americans have become increasingly spatially isolated from one another. Using block group-, tract-, and county-level party registration data and presidential election returns, I construct two formal indices of segregation for 1992–2010 in California and evaluate those indices for evidence of growth in the segregation of Californians along ideological lines. Evidence of rising geographic segregation between Democrats and Republicans for measures generated from both party registration and presidential vote data is found. This growth is statistically significant for 10 of the 12 segregation measures analyzed. In addition, many of the increases are practically significant, with estimates of growth in segregation during the observation period ranging from 2% to 23%.
Kant on the Law of Marriage
Authors: Beever Allan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe account of marriage Kant presents in theRechtslehrestrikes most readers as cold, legalistic and obsessed with sex. It seems to ignore at least nearly all of the morally valuable aspects of marriage. Consequently, most have felt that this is a feature of Kant's theory best ignored. Against this view, this article argues that Kant's focus is appropriate, that his understanding of marriage is much more romantic than is commonly thought and that it presents a thought-provoking alternative to the picture of marriage found in the modern law.