bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing rodent community responses in disturbed environments of the Chilean Patagonia
Authors: García Karla P. , Zapata Juan Carlos Ortiz , Aguayo Mauricio , D’Elia Guillermo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effects of a perturbation gradient on a Patagonian rodent community were assessed over the course of a year by comparing the community parameters in natural and different disturbed environments in the central Chilean Patagonia. The studied habitat types were mature forest, second-growth forest, forest plantations, and agricultural grassland. We recorded eight species of sigmodontine rodents (
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in a Large Pediatric Autism Sample
Authors: Perrin James M. , Coury Daniel L. , Hyman Susan L. , Cole Lynn , Reynolds Ann M. , Clemons Traci 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEChildren and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), usually along with other medical care. This study aimed to determine associations of ASD diagnostic category, co-existing conditions, and use of medications with use of CAM.METHODSWe used the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network patient registry, which collects information on CAM use, medical conditions, and psychotropic medication at enrollment. CAM was categorized as special diets versus “other” CAM; ASD was defined as autism, pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), or Asperger’s. Gastrointestinal symptoms, seizure disorders, sleep problems, and medication use were determined from parent report. Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) scores were used to measure behavioral symptoms. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of diagnostic category, other medical conditions, and medication use with CAM treatments, controlling for demographic characteristics.RESULTSOf 3413 subjects in the registry as of April 2011, 3173 had complete data on CAM use: 896 (28%) reported any use; 548 (17%), special diets; and 643 (20%), other CAM. Higher rates of CAM use were associated with gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88), seizures (OR = 1.58), and CBCL total score &gt;70 (OR = 1.29). Children with PDD (OR = 0.62), Asperger’s (OR = 0.66), or using medications (0.69) had lower rates.CONCLUSIONSChildren with ASD use more CAM when they have co-existing gastrointestinal symptoms, seizure disorders, and behavior problems. This study suggests the importance of asking about CAM use in children with ASD, especially those with complex symptoms.
Remineralization of Eroded Enamel Lesions by Simulated Saliva In Vitro
Authors: Karlinsey Robert L , Mackey Allen C , Blanken Douglas D , Schwandt Craig S 
Published: November 2012

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two simulated saliva (SS) remineralization solutions comprising different calcium-inorganic phosphate (Ca/Pi) ratios on eroded enamel.

Methods:
3 mm diameter enamel cores were extracted from bovine teeth, mounted in acrylic rods, ground and polished,and initially demineralized with either 0.3% (120 minutes) or 1.0% (30 minutes) citric acid solutions (pH 3.8). Both sets of initially eroded specimens were evaluated for surface microhardness (N=10) and treated with either 0.3 or 1.6 Ca/Pi ratio SS. Groups were first exposed to a seven-day remineralization period and then were cycled in a three-day regimen consisting daily of three rounds of two-hour plus overnight SS treatments and three 10-minute static immersions in demineralization solution. Specimens were assessed using surface microhardness and scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
Initial erosion from 0.3% citric acid led to elliptical-shaped pore openings several microns in length and in depth and contrasted significantly with respect to 1% citric acid. The greatest remineralization was observed from the 0.3 Ca/Pi SS, while the 1.6 Ca/Pi SS produced the least.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrated the nature of remineralization of eroded enamel depends on both initial erosive conditions and the Ca/Pi ratio of simulated saliva.
PTT Functional Recovery in Early Stage II PTTD After Tendon Balancing and Calcaneal Lengthening Osteotomy
Authors: Brilhault Jean , Noël Vincent 
Published: November 2012

Background: The decision to offer surgery for Stage II posterior tibial tendon deficiency (PTTD) is a difficult one since orthotic treatment has been documented to be a viable alternative to surgery at this stage. Taking this into consideration we limited our treatment to bony realignment by a lengthening calcaneus Evans osteotomy and tendon balancing. The goal of the study was to clinically evaluate PTT functional recovery with this procedure. Method: The patient population included 17 feet in 13 patients. Inclusion was limited to early Stage II PTTD flatfeet with grossly intact but deficient PTT. Deficiency was assessed by the lack of hindfoot inversion during single heel rise test. The surgical procedure included an Evans calcaneal opening wedge osteotomy with triceps surae and peroneus brevis tendon lengthening. PTT function at follow up was evaluated by an independent examiner. Evaluation was performed at an average of 4 (range, 2 to 6.3) years. Results: One case presented postoperative subtalar pain that required subtalar fusion. Every foot could perform a single heel rise with 13 feet having active inversion of the hindfoot during elevation. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence of PTT functional recovery without augmentation in early Stage II. It challenges our understanding of early Stage II PTTD as well as the surgical guidelines recommending PTT augmentation at this specific stage. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Open Ankle Dislocations without Associated Fracture
Authors: Uçar Bekir Yavuz , Necmioglu Serdar , Bulut Mehmet , Azboy Ibrahim , Demirtaş Abdullah 
Published: November 2012

Background: This study aimed to clarify the intermediate followup results of reduction without soft tissue repair in open ankle dislocations without fracture. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cases of open isolated ankle dislocations without associated fracture. Five male patients treated between January 2005 and July 2009 were enrolled in this study. Debridement and reduction with primary wound closure of the skin were performed without suture of the capsule or repair of the ligaments. The outcome was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society score (AOFAS). The time period for returning to previous level of activity was also recorded. Results: The average age of the patients was 34 (range, 27 to 44) years, and the average followup was 4 (range, 2 to 6) years. The average of the last control AOFAS score was 90 (range, 84 to 98) points. Two ankles were rated as excellent, and the other three were rated as good. Patients returned to their previous levels of physical activity at an average of 9 weeks. Conclusion: Favorable long-term results were obtained for reduction without ligament repair in pure ankle dislocations. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Study
Application of an aviation model of incident reporting and investigation to the neurosurgical scenario: method and preliminary data
Authors: Ferroli Paolo , Caldiroli Dario , Acerbi Francesco , Scholtze Maurizio , Piro Alfonso , Schiariti Marco , Orena Eleonora F. , Castiglione Melina , Broggi Morgan , Perin Alessandro , DiMeco Francesco 
Published: November 2012

Object
Incident reporting systems are universally recognized as important tools for quality improvement in all complex adaptive systems, including the operating room. Nevertheless, introducing a safety culture among neurosurgeons is a slow process, and few studies are available in the literature regarding the implementation of an incident reporting system within a neurosurgical department. The authors describe the institution of an aviation model of incident reporting and investigation in neurosurgery, focusing on the method they have used and presenting some preliminary results.

Methods
In 2010, the Inpatient Safety On-Board project was developed through cooperation between a team of human factor and safety specialists with aviation backgrounds (DgSky team) and the general manager of the Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta. In 2011, after specific training in safety culture, the authors implemented an aviation-derived prototype of incident reporting within the Department of Neurosurgery. They then developed an experimental protocol to track, analyze, and categorize any near misses that happened in the operating room. This project officially started in January 2012, when a dedicated team of assessors was established. All members of the neurosurgical department were asked to report near misses on a voluntary, confidential, and protected form (Patient Incident Reporting System form, Besta Safety Management Programme). Reports were entered into an online database and analyzed by a dedicated team of assessors with the help of a facilitator, and an aviation-derived root cause analysis was performed.

Results
Since January 2012, 14 near misses were analyzed and classified. The near-miss contributing factors were mainly related to human factors (9 of 14 cases), technology (1 of 14 cases), organizational factors (3 of 14 cases), or procedural factors (1 of 14 cases).

Conclusions
Implementing an incident reporting system is quite demanding; the process should involve all of the people who work within the environment under study. Persistence and strong commitment are required to enact the culture change essential in shifting from a paradigm of infallible operators to the philosophy of errare humanum est. For this paradigm shift to be successful, contributions from aviation and human factor experts are critical.
Microsatellite primers for the neotropical epiphyte Epidendrum firmum (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Kartzinel Tyler R. , Trapnell Dorset W. , Glenn Travis C. 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Ten microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the neotropical epiphytic orchid Epidendrum firmum to examine levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure at multiple spatial scales.• Methods and Results: We screened loci in 12–25 individuals from each of two populations in Costa Rica and identified 10 polymorphic loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 15 while observed heterozygosity for polymorphic loci ranged from 0.360 to 0.960.• Conclusions: Primers for these informative genetic markers will be useful for quantifying genetic diversity, spatial genetic structure, and gene flow in E. firmum.
Comprendre le « monde des choses humaines »
Authors: Mauger Gérard , Lebon Francis , de Linarès Chantal 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Après avoir évoqué son parcours de « miraculé scolaire », qu’il explique sociologiquement, sa découverte tardive de la sociologie, liée à un investissement politique après Mai 68, son apprentissage « sur le tas » du métier de sociologue, Gérard Mauger décrit comment sa rencontre avec l’apport théorique de Pierre Bourdieu en 1979 a été décisive et structure son travail de sociologue et ses projets en cours. Tout en soulignant la place mineure de la sociologie de la jeunesse dans la hiérarchie scientifique, il insiste sur la nécessité de construire cet objet de recherche en prenant appui sur d’autres sociologies et souligne que ce domaine d’investigation s’est enrichi ces dernières années grâce à l’apport de jeunes chercheurs et l’ouverture à d’autres disciplines.
Sociologue de l'expérience sociale
Authors: Dubet François , Lebon Francis , de Linarès Chantal 
Published: November 2012

Résumé François Dubet retrace un parcours marqué très tôt par le sentiment que la sociologie est au « cœur des choses ». Sa rencontre, déterminante, avec Alain Touraine l’ouvre à une sociologie de l’acteur et à la méthode d’intervention sociologique. Au cours de ses nombreux travaux, dont les objets sont apparemment différents, il conforte son hypothèse que pour comprendre la société contemporaine, il faut partir de l’expérience des acteurs portés par plusieurs logiques d’action. Le sociologue souligne l’évolution plutôt heureuse de la sociologie de la jeunesse vers une sociologie générale. Il se reconnaît comme sociologue engagé et déplore l’absence de projets de la société en direction des jeunes.
Une génération « Tanguy » ?
Authors: Van de Velde Cécile 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Assiste-t-on à l’émergence d’une génération « Tanguy » Les médias diffusent l’image d’une jeunesse sous dépendance parentale prolongée, particulièrement peu encline à quitter le cocon familial. À travers l’analyse des modes de cohabitation entre les jeunes adultes et leurs parents au sein de différents milieux sociaux, cet article met à l’épreuve ces représentations et s’attache à montrer la complexité des flux de solidarité qui sous-tendent les situations de maintien au foyer parental après la fin de l’adolescence.
L'expérience du déclassement
Authors: Peugny Camille , Van de Velde Cécile 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Définissant le déclassement en termes de mobilité sociale entre générations, l’auteur éclaire l’histoire des générations nées dans les années 1960 pour lesquelles la mobilité sociale ascendante diminue alors que les trajectoires descendantes sont en augmentation. Le sociologue analyse les effets de cette dynamique sur ceux qui vivent ce déclassement : perte de confiance dans l’institution scolaire, sentiment d’appartenance à une « génération sacrifiée » ou constat d’un échec personnel. Il souligne aussi le paradoxe d’un refus du libéralisme économique accompagné d’une hostilité marquée vis-à-vis de populations éloignées du travail que ces déclassés considèrent comme assistées.
L'indépendance des autorités de régulation économique et financière en Espagne : l'intéret de la clarification du droit public
Authors: Delzangles Hubert 
Published: November 2012

Résumé En Espagne, la loi 2/2011 sur l’économie durable s’attache entre autres à rationnaliser, dans une logique transversale commune, les statuts des autorités de régulation indépendantes. L’intérêt de cette réforme législative est, au‑delà de la mise en conformité du droit espagnol avec le droit de l’Union européenne, d’uniformiser les statuts et le fonctionnement des « Autorités de régulation indépendantes » en fonction d’un schéma beaucoup plus respectueux de leur nécessaire indépendance. Même si certains éléments restent critiquables, les principaux reproches que l’on pouvait faire sur le manque d’indépendance fonctionnelle dans l’ancien cadre législatif ne sont plus de mise. La législation espagnole offre donc un cadre dont peuvent utilement s’inspirer les pouvoirs publics des autres États membres de l’Union européenne.
L'indépendance de l'Autorité de contrôle prudentiel
Authors: Israël Didier 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Institution récente, l’Autorité de contrôle prudentiel (ACP) bénéfice d’un statut législatif, et de moyens de nature à garantir son indépendance organique et fonctionnelle tant à l’égard des secteurs régulés que du pouvoir exécutif. Ainsi, bien que dépourvue de la personnalité juridique, elle jouit de l’autonomie budgétaire et d’une certaine souplesse dans la gestion de ses ressources humaines. Par ailleurs, si l’indépendance à l’égard du Gouvernement constitue l’une des raisons d’être des autorités administratives indépendantes, tel n’est pas le cas à l’égard du Parlement, lequel peut notamment imposer à l’Autorité de contrôle prudentiel un plafond des autorisations d’emplois. En revanche, elle ne peut instaurer d’elle‑même des règles prudentielles et doit recourir à des mécanismes complexes de « droit mou », comme la recommandation.
Changing Transfusion Practice in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Observational Study of the Reduction of Blood Use Over 6 Years
Authors: Robinson Paul M. , Obi Nnamdi , Harrison Timothy , Jeffery James 
Published: November 2012

Patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) have historically been over-transfused. In a district general hospital setting, the authors observed a significant downward trend in blood transfusion requirements in these patients over 6 years after a change in transfusion policy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the change in transfusion practice and present the results of the restrictive transfusion policy.
All patients undergoing primary THA between January 2003 and December 2008 were identified from hospital records. Pre- and postoperative hemoglobin levels, transfusion trigger hemoglobin, blood transfusion requirements, patient age and sex, 30-day mortality, and length of stay data were analyzed for all patients. A total of 1169 primary THAs were performed. Annual allogeneic blood transfusion requirements reduced progressively from 151 units in 2003 to 90 units in 2008 despite an increase in the number of patients undergoing THA. During this period, the proportion of patients transfused decreased from 35% to 17%. A reduction of mean transfusion trigger hemoglobin from 79 to 73 g/L was observed over the study period. No patient experienced any significant complications as a result of undertransfusion.
The authors’ institution has steadily restricted the use of blood transfusion in patients undergoing THA to those symptomatic of anemia. Increasing confidence among medical and nursing staff that reduced postoperative hemoglobin levels can be safely tolerated has resulted in a 55% reduction in blood transfusion in patients undergoing THA with no other change of practice.
L’anglais de la recherche médicale : une grande diversité
Authors: Beaufrère-Bertheux Christiane 
Published: November 2012

Presque tout a été écrit sur le discours scientifique depuis trente ans. Pourtant, de nombreuses erreurs et des généralisations hâtives circulent encore. La recherche médicale est l'objet de notre étude. Quel est le rôle du chercheur-auteur ? L'analyse est conduite dans deux écrits de recherche, la Communication primaire et l'Étude de cas (en prenant le critère « temps » comme observable). Qui influence l'écriture de la recherche : la discipline, la communauté scientifique ou le genre choisi ?
A 31-year-old man with vitritis, chorioretinitis, and hydrocephalus
Authors: Schneier Andrew J. 
Published: November 2012

A 31-year-old man presented to the emergency department of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary with a chief complaint of blurry vision and redness in his right eye of 1 week's duration. He was a native of Brazil, and the history and examination were performed with the aid of a Portuguese interpreter. The patient was in his usual state of excellent health preceding the episode. He reported mild pressure in the affected eye along with a constant, bilateral, temporal headache that may have predated the blurred vision. The headache was readily relieved by acetaminophen. He denied flashes, photosensitivity, or other visual aberrations. He maintained that his vision was "weaker" on the right at baseline. On further questioning, he felt that his symptom was best characterized as "many floaters" in the right eye. He believed he may have been exposed to a toxic chemical at his workplace 2 months prior to this presentation. The patient's past medical history was unremarkable. He had no known drug allergies, and he denied a family history of medical or surgical conditions. His social history was significant for the use of occasional alcohol. He denied high-risk sexual activities, intravenous drug use, and blood transfusions.
Mussel Inspired Dynamic Cross‐Linking of Self‐Healing Peptide Nanofiber Network
Authors: Ceylan Hakan , Urel Mustafa , Erkal Turan S. , Tekinay Ayse B. , Dana Aykutlu , Guler Mustafa O. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA general drawback of supramolecular peptide networks is their weak mechanical properties. In order to overcome a similar challenge, mussels have adapted to a pH‐dependent iron complexation strategy for adhesion and curing. This strategy also provides successful stiffening and self‐healing properties. The present study is inspired by the mussel curing strategy to establish iron cross‐link points in self‐assembled peptide networks. The impact of peptide‐iron complexation on the morphology and secondary structure of the supramolecular nanofibers is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of the cross‐linked network are probed by small angle oscillatory rheology and nanoindentation by atomic force microscopy. It is shown that iron complexation has no influence on self‐assembly and β‐sheet‐driven elongation of the nanofibers. On the other hand, the organic‐inorganic hybrid network of iron cross‐linked nanofibers demonstrates strong mechanical properties comparable to that of covalently cross‐linked network. Strikingly, iron cross‐linking does not inhibit intrinsic reversibility of supramolecular peptide polymers into disassembled building blocks and the self‐healing ability upon high shear load. The strategy described here could be extended to improve mechanical properties of a wide range of supramolecular polymer networks.
Engineering of Push‐Pull Thiophene Dyes to Enhance Light Absorption and Modulate Charge Recombination in Mesoscopic Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Ning , Wang Yinglin , Xu Mingfei , Fan Ye , Li Renzhi , Zhang Min , Wang Peng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe elaborate selection of diverse π‐conjugated segments which bridge the electron donors and acceptors in organic push‐pull dyes can not only tune the molecular energy‐levels but also impact the interfacial energetics and kinetics of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). In this paper, a series of triphenylamine‐cyanoacrylic acid photosensitizers is reported with TT, EDOT‐BT, EDOT‐CPDT, and CPDT‐EDOT (herein TT, EDOT, BT, and CPDT denote terthiophene, ethylenedioxythiophene, bithiophene, and cyclopentadithiophene, respectively) as the π‐linkers, and the dye‐structure correlated photocurrent and photovoltage features of DSCs based on a cobalt electrolyte are scrutinized via analyzing light absorption and multichannel charge transfer kinetics. Both stepwise incorporation of more electron‐rich blocks and rational modulation of connection order of dissimilar segments can result in a negative movement of ground‐state redox potential and a red‐shift of the absorption peak. While these styles of reducing energy‐gap do not exert too much influence on the electron injection from photoexcited dye molecules to titania, the dyestuff employing the EDOT‐BT linker presents a faster interfacial charge recombination and a slower dye regeneration, accounting for its inferior cell efficiency of 5.3% compared to that of 9.4% at the AM1.5G conditions achieved by the CPDT‐EDOT dye.
Correlating Stiffness, Ductility, and Morphology of Polymer:Fullerene Films for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Awartani Omar , Lemanski Bethany I. , Ro Hyun Wook , Richter Lee J. , DeLongchamp Dean M. , O'Connor Brendan T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe development of flexible and physically robust organic solar cells requires detailed knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the heterogeneous material stack. However, in these devices there has been limited research on the mechanical properties of the active organic layer. Here, two critical mechanical properties, stiffness and ductility, of a widely studied organic solar cell active layer, a blend film composed of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are reported. Processing conditions are varied to produce films with differing morphology and correlations are developed between the film morphology, mechanical properties and photovoltaic device performance. The morphology is characterized by fitting the absorption of the P3HT:PCBM films to a weakly interacting H‐aggregate model. The elastic modulus is determined using a buckling metrology approach and the crack onset strain is determined by observing the film under tensile strain using optical microscopy. Both the elastic modulus and crack onset strain are found to vary significantly with processing conditions. Processing methods that result in improved device performance are shown to decrease both the compliance and ductility of the film.