bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Parallel Ordinations: the Importance of Choice of Ordination Method and Weighting of Species Abundance Data
Authors: Son Thijs Christiaan van , Halvorsen Rune 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Most species-abundance matrices subjected to ordination are analysed by applying one ordination method to one single weighting (transformation) of the raw abundance values. We argue that such an approach is sub-optimal for identification of species-environment relationships. In order to capture the full range of qualitative and quantitative components of variation unique to each species-abundance matrix, data sets covering the full range of abundance weights from presence/absence to raw abundance data should be subjected to ordination. Furthermore, two or more ordination methods should be used in parallel to enhance detection of artifacts in the results. We describe and exemplify a multiple parallel ordination (MPO) procedure, which ensures that both qualitative and quantitative properties of the data set are revealed. This procedure implies that different ordination methods are applied in parallel, each with different weightings of elements in the species-abundance matrix. Two species-abundance matrices are used to exemplify the MPO procedure, one of individual counts from a marine benthic study of mollusc and echinoderm species and one of percent cover of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens from a study of boreal forest understory vegetation. Striking differences between point configurations obtained by different ordination methods and strong dependence of ordination results on the weights given to abundance are demonstrated. Properties of species and data sets that may explain the observed variation in ordination results are analyzed and discussed. We show that the widely held belief that changes in ordination structure with changes of weighting function are brought about only by highly abundant and frequent species is an over-simplification. We conclude that the MPO procedure - applying more than one ordination method and more than one weighting function is likely to enhance the user’s insight into the multivariate structure of species-abundance matrices resulting from ordination analyses.
Justification of Financial Safety Analysis Approach in Cargo-and-Passenger Ferry Operations Management
Authors: Kirillova Yelena V. , Meleshenko Yekaterina S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Currently, ferry services are widespread in Europe, the Baltic States, the CIS and they continue to progress rapidly despite the unstable global economy. An activity of modern cargo-and-passenger fleet is based on nevertheless the perspective of stable profit generation. In conditions of ferry market instability, the important task is to ensure the break-even analysis in operation of vessels and justification of relevant quantitative indicators. At the same time, when managing the production activity of the ferry operators and, in particular, when analysing the ferry operation the indicator of its financial safety factor is of great importance. This paper refines static indicators and determines dynamic indicators of critical quantity of cargoes and passengers in ferry loading; gives analytical method of its justification; develops analytical method and presents graphical method of financial safety factor estimation when loading of cargo only or boarding of passengers only, as well as performing composite actions - loading of cargoes and picking up passengers.
Problems of the Supply Chain Reliability Evaluation
Authors: Lukinskiy Valery , Lukinskiy Vladislav , Churilov Rostislav 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Reliability is one of the most important characteristics of the functioning of supply chains. The carried out analysis have shown that, despite some progress, a number of questions remain open, in particular, the terminology, the selection of key indicators and methods of their calculation as well as there is no economic evaluation of redundant and restorable supply chains. The paper presents a formed conceptual apparatus of logistics systems' reliability theory, the discrete-continuous model of the simple supply chain’s functioning as well as it contains the proposal to assess the reliability not only with the help of faultlessness but as well by using the leading function of costs associated with the maintenance of supply chains’ operability
Overview of raptor monitoring activities in Europe
Authors: Vrezec Al , Duke Guy , Kovács András , Saurola Pertti , Wernham Chris , Burfield Ian , Movalli Paola , Bertoncelj Irena 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Despite the key role of raptors (including birds of prey Falconiformes and owls Strigiformes) in ecosystems and their sensitivity to environmental change, a well coordinated, Europe-wide monitoring of raptors is lacking. EURAPMON, a Research Networking Programme of the European Science Foundation, was launched with the aim of establishing a sustainable Europewide network for monitoring of raptors. An overview of current monitoring schemes for raptor populations in 28 European countries, as reported by EURAPMON National Coordinators at the workshop in Murcia (Spain) in 2012, showed existing monitoring schemes to be limited to a restricted number of species (mostly diurnal and rare raptor species). The most widely monitored species are the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos amongst diurnal raptors and the Eagle Owl Bubo bubo amongst owls. Broad coverage of a species range across Europe is reached only for restricted-range species. The key driver for monitoring, which is mostly coordinated by NGOs, is conservation, and the main end users are governmental institutions. International collaboration in the field of monitoring of raptors is mainly regional and not yet pan-European in scale. The involvement of volunteers in raptor monitoring was perceived as the main strength of many schemes, but insufficient manpower and a focus on rare species were recognised as the main weaknesses across Europe as a whole. Among priorities identified for the future development of monitoring schemes are: improvements to national coordination; support to increase the number of volunteers; and assurances of stable funding. Further analysis of EURAPMON questionnaires will identify knowledge gaps, which will steer good practice guidance on survey methodologies; the need for the latter was identified as the main benefit that National Coordinators expect to gain from international networking
A preliminary overview of monitoring for raptors in Croatia
Authors: Mazal Vlatka Dumbović , Mikulić Krešimir 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
There are 40 regularly occurring raptor species in Croatia (diurnal raptors and owls), but only for two species (Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus and Eleonora’s Falcon F. eleonorae) long-term monitoring (more than 10 years) of significant parts (i.e. > 80%) of their national population has been implemented. For 23 species (58%), the coverage of monitoring is limited to several locations (often within borders of given protected area), involving small percentage of national population or/and has started recently. Therefore, they do not satisfy the main purpose of national monitoring programmes, i.e. to draw conclusions about the trend of the species’ national population and to support the decision-making process about conservation measures to be applied. Besides the Institute of Ornithology and several ornithological NGOs, which are recognized as main actors for the implementation of raptors monitoring, the State Institute for Nature Protection (SINP) is setting up a framework for the nationwide bird monitoring complying with the legal provisions of the EU Birds Directive and the Natura 2000 network. The highest priority is to improve the coordination between state institutions, scientific and non-governmental organizations involved in raptor conservation with the final aim to develop a national raptor conservation strategy that sets priority target species and standardized monitoring systems
An overview of monitoring for raptors in Finland
Authors: Saurola Pertti 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In Finland, population monitoring for both diurnal and nocturnal raptors has been almost entirely based on fieldwork carried out by voluntary raptor ringers. Responsible organisations include the Finnish Museum of Natural History, with economic support for administration from the Ministry of Environment, “Metsahallitus” (former National Board of Forestry) and WWF Finland. Since the early 1970s, numbers and productivity of four endangered species, the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos, Osprey Pandion haliaetus and Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus have been monitored by country-wide Comprehensive Surveys, with the aim of checking all known nest sites of these species every year. The Gyrfalcon F. rusticolus was included in this group in the late 1990s. Data for monitoring the populations of the other raptor species have been gathered by the Raptor Grid and Raptor Questionnaire projects. The Raptor Grid project produces annual population indices, which are calculated from the data collected from 10 × 10 km study plots (n = ca. 130/year) and quite well reflect the annual population fluctuations and longterm trends of seven common species of diurnal and six species of nocturnal raptors breeding in the southern part of Finland. For the rest of the species, which are either rare all over Finland or breed mostly in the north, outside the good coverage of the distribution of Raptor Grid study plots, conclusions on population changes are based on the total numbers of occupied territories and active nests reported annually by the Raptor Questionnaires
Digital processing methods of images and signals in electromagnetic infiltration process
Authors: Kubiak Ireneusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The article contains information about the capabilities of electromagnetic infiltration process in case of occurrence of strong interfering signals. As a methods supporting infiltration process used method of digital processing of signals and images in the form of histogram transformations, global and local thresholding of signal amplitudes and logical filters. The material presented in the article shows that risk can arise if the uncontrolled use of the computer. Risks that could decide our safety and security of our data. obtained images. Manipulation of histograms, threshold amplitudes of the emission signal correlated with the classified signals or logical filters highlight the weakness of the security used at the source. The presence of strong interfering signals such as vertical and horizontal synchronization signals blocking measurement receivers, do not prevent the reproduction of classified information. Opportunities of the electromagnetic infiltration in situations of weak compromising emissions occurs are presented in the article.
Application of the curvature scale space transform to the representation of three-dimensional models
Authors: Frejlichowski Dariusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper an algorithm for the representation of 3D models is described and experimentally evaluated. Three-dimensional objects are becoming very popular recently and they are processed in various ways - analysed, retrieved, recognised, and so on. Moreover, they are employed in various aplications, such as virtual reality, entertainment, Internet, Computer Aided Design, or even in biometrics or medical imaging. That is why the development of appropriate algorithms for the representation of 3D objects is so important recently. These algorithms - so called 3D shape descriptors - are assumed to be invariant to particular transformations and deformations. One of the possible approaches is based on the projections of a 3D object into planar shapes and representation of them using a 2D shape descriptor. An algorithm realising this idea is described in this paper. Its first stage is based on the rendering of 20 2D projections, from various points of view. Later, the obtained projections are stored in a form of bitmaps and the Curvature Scale Space algorithm is applied for the description of the planar shapes extracted from them. The proposed approach is experimentally compared with several other 3D shape representation methods.
Queuing models for wireless mesh networks
Authors: Hanczewski Sławomir , Sobieraj Maciej , Dominik Stasiak Michał , Weissenberg Joanna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper we discuss a proposition of various applications of new queueing models that have been developed within the CARMNET project in nodes of the mesh network. These models allow characteristics of systems that service multi-rate traffic to be determined, e.g., the average queue length or the average waiting time for calls of a given class. The proposed models can be used to design, analyse and optimize multiservice networks
Bony Fishes from the Late Miocene and Pliocene Strata of Popovo Locality (Ukraine): Taxonomic Changes and Their Palaeoecological Explanation
Authors: Kovalchuk О. М. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Bony Fishes from the Late Miocene and Pliocene Strata of Popovo Locality (Ukraine): Taxonomic Changes and Their Palaeoecological Explanation. Kovalchuk, О. М. - Th e present paper deals with results of studying of the fossil fish remnants from the Late Miocene and Pliocene strata of Popovo locality (Southern Ukraine). Our aim was to show local taxonomic changes in freshwater fish communities through-out the specified range of geological time. Twenty seven species of the 20 genera, 6 families (Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Siluridae, Salmonidae, Esocidae, Percidae) and 5 orders (Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Salmoniformes, Esociformes, Perciformes) were identified from the 4 heterochronous bonyferous layers. Basing on taxonomic richness, diversity, complexity and similarity of communities, it can be assumed, that changes in their qualitative and quantitative composition were caused by hydrological regime transformation, palaeogeographical alterations and also local taphonomic features.
Reduced winter snowfall damages the structure and function of wintergreen ferns
Authors: Tessier Jack T. 
Published: May 2014

• Premise of the study: The full impact of climate change on ecosystems and the humans that depend on them is uncertain. Anthropogenic climate change is resulting in winters with less snow than is historically typical. This deficit may have an impact on wintergreen ferns whose fronds lie prostrate under the snowpack and are thereby protected from frost.• Methods: Frost damage and ecophysiological traits were quantified for three species of wintergreen fern (Dryopteris intermedia, Dryopteris marginalis, and Polystichum acrostichoides) near Delhi, NY following the winters of 2012 (which had very little snowfall) and 2013 (which had typical snowfall).• Key results: Dryopteris intermedia was the most common species and had the highest percentage of frost‐damaged fronds and the highest percentage of its cover damaged in 2012. Frost damage was significantly less in 2013 for all species. Polystichum acrostichoides had the highest vernal photosynthetic rate in undamaged fronds, and all three species had a negative net photosynthetic rate in frost‐damaged fronds. The wintergreen fern community lost 36.69 ± 2.80% of its productive surface area to frost damage in 2012. Dryopteris intermedia had the thinnest leaves and this trait may have made it the most susceptible to frost damage.• Conclusions: These results demonstrate that repeated winters of little snow may have a significant impact on the structure and functioning of the wintergreen fern community, and species will respond to a reduced snowpack on an individual basis.
Clinical Correlates of Stress-Induced Personality Disorder
Authors: Reich James 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Objective: This article starts with the finding that some patients with an Axis I disorder who appear personality disordered when acutely ill may represent a distinct clinical subgroup. It examines the clinical correlates of this "stress induced" personality disorder group.
Methods: A group of male psychiatric outpatients (N = 165) was divided into three groups: The group with life-long personality disorders, "trait personality disorder [trait PD])" group (n = 24); the group with personality symptoms under the stress of an Axis I disorder, "stress-induced PD" or "state PD" group n = 63); and a group that had no personality disorders, "no-PD" group (n = 78). These three groups were compared on personality variables by direct comparison and logistic regression.
Results: Logistic regression showed a reasonable differentiation between the trait and state group. The variables of "reacts criticism," "suicide" and "needs approval" predicted the trait group while the variable "ashamed" predicted the state group. Logistic regression also showed reasonable differentiation between the state and no-PD groups. "Restricted expression of affect" predicted the no-PD group, while the variables of "acts childishly," "suicide," "sensitive to criticism/' "acts emotionally/' "feelings change," and "fearful" predicted the state group. The evidence seems to indicate the previously identified state group can be differentiated from its theoretical near neighbors using clinical criteria.
Causes and Consequences of Timing Errors Associated With Global Positioning System Collar Accelerometer Activity Monitors
Authors: Gaylord Adam J. , Sanchez Dana M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Direct behavioral observations of multiple free-ranging animals over long periods of time and large geographic areas is prohibitively difficult. However, recent improvements in technology, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) collars equipped with motion-sensitive activity monitors, create the potential to remotely monitor animal behavior. Accelerometer-equipped activity monitors quantify animal motion with different amounts of movement presumably corresponding to different animal activities. Variations in motion among species and differences in collar design necessitate calibration for each collar and species of interest. We paired activity monitor data collected using Lotek GPS_4400 collars worn by captive Rocky Mountain elk Cervus elaphus nelsoni with simultaneously collected behavior observations. During our initial data screening, we observed many sampling intervals of directly observed behavior that did not pair to activity monitor data in a logical fashion. For example, intervals containing behaviors associated with little or no motion sometimes aligned with relatively high activity monitor values. These misalignments, due to errors associated with collar timekeeping mechanisms, would likely result in inaccurate classification models. We corrected timing errors by using defined breaks in animal behavior to shift times given by collar output, improving the average correct classification rate 61.7 percentage points for specific behaviors. Furthermore, timing errors were significantly reduced by increasing the GPS fix rate, by using a sampling interval divisible by 8 seconds, and by accurately timing the initial collar activation. Awareness and management of collar timing error will enable users to obtain the best possible estimates of true behavior when calibrating these collars and interpreting data from free-ranging animals.
Instruction, Not Inclusion, Should Be the Central Issue in Special Education: An Alternative View from the USA
Authors: Kauffman James M. , Badar Jeanmarie 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A focus on anything other than instruction undercuts the legal and moral rights of students with disabilities to an appropriate education and fails to produce substantive social justice. Differences among differences must be recognized to guarantee the civil educational rights to which people with disabilities are entitled. Instructionally-relevant differences include many disabilities, but they do not include such differences as skin hue, parentage, sexual orientation, national origin, and many other kinds of diversity. If special education's focus is inclusion rather than effective instruction of students with disabilities or if all differences are assumed to be equal and have the same remedy, then special education will one day be looked upon as having gone through a period of shameful neglect of students' needs.
Tandem‐Organokatalyse und ‐Photokatalyse: eine Anthrachinon‐ katalysierte sequenzielle Indol‐C3‐Alkylierung/Photooxidation/ 1,2‐Umlagerung
Authors: Lerch Stephanie , Unkel Lisa‐Natascha , Brasholz Malte 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWegen ihrer orthogonalen Reaktivitäten im Grund‐ und angeregten Zustand sind Chinone interessante Organokatalysatoren für die Entwicklung sequenzieller katalytischer Verfahren. Die Entdeckung einer thermischen Chinon‐katalysierten C3‐Alkylierung von Indolen mit Benzylaminen wird beschrieben, die sequenziell mit einer neuen, durch sichtbares Licht induzierten Photooxidation/1,2‐Umlagerung kombiniert wurde. Das Eintopf‐Tandemverfahren setzt Indole zu 3‐Benzylindolen um, die darauf zu neuen fluoreszierenden 2,2‐disubstituierten Indolin‐3‐onen transformiert werden.
Covalent Surface Modification of Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Pujari Sidharam P. , Scheres Luc , Marcelis Antonius T. M. , Zuilhof Han 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe modification of surfaces by the deposition of a robust overlayer provides an excellent handle with which to tune the properties of a bulk substrate to those of interest. Such control over the surface properties becomes increasingly important with the continuing efforts at down‐sizing the active components in optoelectronic devices, and the corresponding increase in the surface area/volume ratio. Relevant properties to tune include the degree to which a surface is wetted by water or oil. Analogously, for biosensing applications there is an increasing interest in so‐called “romantic surfaces”: surfaces that repel all biological entities, apart from one, to which it binds strongly. Such systems require both long lasting and highly specific tuning of the surface properties. This Review presents one approach to obtain robust surface modifications of the surface of oxides, namely the covalent attachment of monolayers.
Oxidation Monitoring by Fluorescence Spectroscopy Reveals the Age of Fingermarks
Authors: van Dam Annemieke , Schwarz Janina C. V. , de Vos Judith , Siebes Maria , Sijen Titia , van Leeuwen Ton G. , Aalders Maurice C. G. , Lambrechts Saskia A. G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNo forensic method exists that can reliably estimate the age of fingermarks found at a crime scene. Information on time passed since fingermark deposition is desired as it can be used to distinguish between crime related and unrelated fingermarks and to support or refute statements made by the fingermark donors. We introduce a non‐contact method that can estimate the age of fingermarks. Fingermarks were approached as protein–lipid mixtures and an age‐estimation model was build based on the expected protein and lipid oxidation reactions. Two measures of oxidation are required from the fingermark to estimate its age: 1) the relative amount of fluorescent oxidation products 2) the rate at which these products are formed. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to obtain these measures. We tested the method on 44 fingermarks and were able to estimate the age of 55 % of the male fingermarks, up to three weeks old with an uncertainty of 1.9 days.