bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Hip Fracture Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Jovanovich Anna , Bùžková Petra , Chonchol Michel , Robbins John , Fink Howard A. , de Boer Ian H. , Kestenbaum Bryan , Katz Ronit , Carbone Laura , Lee Jennifer , Laughlin Gail A. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Fried Linda F. , Shlipak Michael G. , Ix Joachim H. 
Published: June 2013

Context:
Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a phosphaturic hormone that also inhibits calcitriol synthesis.

Objective:
Our objective was to evaluate the relationships of plasma FGF23 concentrations with bone mineral density (BMD) and hip fracture in community-dwelling older adults.

Design and Setting:
Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations of plasma FGF23 concentrations with BMD and incident hip fracture, respectively. Analyses were also stratified by chronic kidney disease.

Participants:
Participants included 2008 women and 1329 men ≥65 years from the 1996 to 1997 Cardiovascular Health Study visit.

Main Outcome Measures:
Dual x-ray absorptiometry measured total hip (TH) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD in 1291 participants. Hip fracture incidence was assessed prospectively through June 30, 2008 by hospitalization records in all participants.

Results:
Women had higher plasma FGF23 concentrations than men (75 [56–107] vs 66 [interquartile range = 52–92] relative units/mL; P &lt; .001). After adjustment, higher FGF23 concentrations were associated with greater total hip and lumbar spine BMD in men only (β per doubling of FGF23 = 0.02, with 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.001–0.04 g/cm2, and 0.03 with 95% CI = 0.01–0.06 g/cm2). During 9.6 ± 5.1–11.0 years of follow-up, 328 hip fractures occurred. Higher FGF23 concentrations were not associated with hip fracture risk in women or men (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.95, with 95% CI = 0.78–1.15, and 1.09 with 95% CI = 0.82–1.46 per doubling of FGF23). Results did not differ by chronic kidney disease status (P &gt; .4 for interactions).

Conclusions:
In this large prospective cohort of community-dwelling older adults, higher FGF23 concentrations were weakly associated with greater lumbar spine and total hip BMD but not with hip fracture risk.
“Nursevendor Problem”: Personnel Staffing in the Presence of Endogenous Absenteeism
Authors: Green Linda V. , Savin Sergei , Savva Nicos 
Published: June 2013

The problem of determining nurse staffing levels in a hospital environment is a complex task because of variable patient census levels and uncertain service capacity caused by nurse absenteeism. In this paper, we combine an empirical investigation of the factors affecting nurse absenteeism rates with an analytical treatment of nurse staffing decisions using a novel variant of the newsvendor model. Using data from the emergency department of a large urban hospital, we find that absenteeism rates are consistent with nurses exhibiting an aversion to higher levels of anticipated workload. Using our empirical findings, we analyze a single-period nurse staffing problem considering both the case of constant absenteeism rate (exogenous absenteeism) as well as an absenteeism rate that is a function of the number of nurses scheduled (endogenous absenteeism). We provide characterizations of the optimal staffing levels in both situations and show that the failure to incorporate absenteeism as an endogenous effect results in understaffing. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
A Review of the Biology, Ecology and Behavior of Velvety Tree Ants of North America
Authors: Hoey-Chamberlain Rochelle , Rust Michael K , Klotz John H 
Published: June 2013

Ants belonging to the genus Liometopum are regionally distributed across North America, Europe and Asia. L. apiculatum Mayr, L. luctuosum Wheeler, and L. occidentale Emery are found in western North America and are referred to as velvety tree ants. Very little is known about the biology of these species, but they are similar. They are typically associated with trees and shrubs and are frequently found tending hemipterans. All three species are are easily disturbed and and resort to highly aggressive behaviors including the use of strong alarm odors. The following review is intended to summarize the literature regarding the biology and control of these species. Special emphasis has been given to factors that might be important in their control and gaps in our current knowledge.
Checklist of Social (Polistinae) and Solitary (Eumeninae) Wasps from a Fragment of Cerrado “Campo Sujo” in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Grandinete Yuri Campanholo , Noll Fernando Barbosa 
Published: June 2013

Cerrado is one of the richest biomes in the world but it is still very threatened by human actions that affect not only the flora, but also the fauna, and certainly the largest known group, the insects. We present here a list of species of Polistinae and Eumeninae wasps, based on three different methodologies in a fragment of Cerrado “campo sujo”, very affected by livestock raising, in Paranaíba, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. We recorded 22 species of Polistinae within 8 genera, with Polybia and Agelaia as the most representative. For Eumeninae, 21 species within 10 genera were recorded, with Montezumia and Pachodynerus as the most representative. Furthermore, this work shows the first records of Eumeninae in Mato Grosso do Sul and some new of Polistinae, compared to the literature.
Tending-Ants Increase Survivorship and Reproductive Success of Calloconophora pugionata Drietch (Hemiptera, Membracidae), a Trophobiont Herbivore of Myrcia obovata O.Berg (Myrtales, Myrtaceae)
Authors: Fagundes Roberth , Ribeiro Sérvio Pontes , Del-Claro Kleber 
Published: June 2013

The trophic relations between ants and hemipterans are very common in the Neotropical Region, but rarely explored in dry montane ecosystems. Given the diversity of outcomes of this type of interactions influenced by variation in biotic conditions (i.e. seasonality, spatial distribution, identity of species involved), new examples in different ecosystems can provide important data for a more general understanding of their impact in communities. We investigated the outcomes (direct benefits: survivorship and reproduction) of the relationship between the trophobiont herbivore Calloconophora pugionata (Membracidae) and its tending ants. The interaction occurs on Myrcia obovata (Myrtaceae), a common tree in montane forests and rupestrian fields ofsoutheastern Brazil, and has never been studied before. Between 2008 and 2009, we selected and manipulated (ant-exclusion) trees in a pairwise experiment performed on plant branches infested by C. pugionata. This membracidae laid its eggs peculiarly on the leaf margins, a behaviour that increased egg survival even when ants were absent. All life stages of the hemipteran exhibited higher survival rates (two-fold) and increased fecundity (four-fold higher oviposition rates) when attended by ants. This study shows that this ant-hemipteran interaction occurs in dry montane biomes in a way that is similar to other tropical ecosystems in which ants protect the hemipterans against predators, thus increasing their survival and reproductive fitness.
Division of labor in stable social hierarchy of the independent-founding wasp Mischocyttarus (Monocyttarus) cassununga, Von Ihering (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Murakami André Sunao Nishiuchi , Desuó Ivan C , Shima Sulene N 
Published: June 2013

In colonies of independent-founding wasps, social organization is characterized by a division of labor wherein the most dominant female (the queen) spends more time on the nest comb during its development, while the subordinates (workers) perform most of the foraging. The present study aimed at describing how tasks are assigned among the members of colonies of Mischocyttarus cassununga (Von Ihering) during the post-emergence phase. For this, we daily tape recorded the behavioral repertoire of thirteen colonies in the field, later analyzing the results of each colonial subphase with Statistic analysis (Principal Component Analysis, Clustering Analysis and ANOVA - Tukey-Kramer t-test p<0.05). Our results showed that the assignment of tasks in M. cassununga generally reflects the dominance hierarchy. Despite of the behavioral flexibility of basal eusocial wasps, it was possible to identify different groups of subordinate females (workers) in the colony. The division of labor during the pre-male subphase was delineated with four defined groups whereas the post-male subphase with three groups. Pre-male: G1 - a dominant group of reproductive females, G2 - a group of higher hierarchically subordinate females (these can sometimes perform tasks very similar to the queens), G3 - a subordinate group of forager females, and G4 - a subordinate group of inactive and principally young wasps. Post-male: G1, G2 and G3 (similar groups during pre-male subphase, but without G4. We think these analyses suggest a novel view of the importance of the behavioral repertoire of higher hierarchically subordinate females in wasp nests, at least in the genus Mischocyttarus.
Karyotype description of Cephalotrigona femorata Smith (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and the C-banding pattern as a specific marker for Cephalotrigona
Authors: Miranda Rodrigo Vieira , Fernandes Anderson , Lopes Denilce Meneses 
Published: June 2013

Cephalotrigona femorata (Smith, 1854) was submitted to cytogenetic techniques to study and describe its karyotype. Conventional staining allowed the counting (2n=34) and observation of chromosome morphology. The amount and distribution of heterochromatin in this species was different from Cephalotrigona capitata (Smith, 1854), another species of the genus already analyzed. Our results indicate that heterochromatin a potential marker for the genus, at least for the species found in Brazil. This region was marked by DAPI, revealing a high content of A:T. The CMA3 marked two pairs, and it seems to be polymorphic in one pair.
Influence of Camponotus blandus (Formicinae) and flower buds on the occurrence of Parrhasius polibetes (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Banisteriopsis malifolia (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Alves-Silva Estevão , Bächtold Alexandra , Barônio Gudryan J. , Del-Claro Kleber 
Published: June 2013

In the Brazilian savanna, myrmecophilous lycaenids are often found in many shrubs feeding on plant reproductive structures while are tended by ants, but only recently the role of both ants and food on the occurrence of lycaenids have received attention. In this study, we investigated the influence of Camponotus blandus (Formicinae) and flower bud abundance on the occurrence of Parrhasius polibetes, a florivorous lycaenid species that occurs in Banisteriopsis malifolia(Malpighiaceae). We also examined to what extent larval florivory was deleterious to plant reproductive outputs. Ant-exclusion experiments revealed that most P. polibetes individuals were found on branches with free C. blandus access. Nonetheless, the occurrence of larvae was not related to the abundance of these ants and flower buds, indicating that the presence, rather than the abundance of mutualistic ants and food, influenced the occurrence of P. polibetes. Larvae were attended by C. blandus, which antennated frequently the dorsal nectary organ of larvae. Larval florivory was not deleterious to the plant. Banisteriopsis malifolia produces thousands of buds simultaneously and larvae feed only on a small portion of flower buds. The occurrence of P. polibetes inB. malifolia is advantageous for the larvae, since this plant supports mutualistic ants and plenty of food resources.
Fumigant Activity of Eight Plant Essential Oils Against Workers of Red Imported Fire Ant, Solenopsis invicta
Authors: Tang Liang , Sun Yong-Yan , Zhang Qing-Peng , Zhou You , Zhang Ning , Zhang Zhi-Xiang 
Published: June 2013

Plant essential oils from eight plant species were tested for their insecticidal activities against the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invcita, by using a fumigation bioassay. This study reveals that the mortalities after treatment of the workers of red imported fire ants varied according to the classification of workers, oil type, dosage, and exposure time. Among the essential oils tested, strong insecticidal activity was observed with the essential oils of camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), artemisia annua (Artemisia annua), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus), mugwort (Artemisia argyi), and wintergreen (Ilex chinensis). Ant mortalities from chrysanthemum oil (Dendranthema indicum), turpentine oil (Pinus massoniana), and forsythia oil (Forsythia suspense) treatments were significantly lower than those from the previously mentioned five essential oil treatments. This study showed that camphor, artemisia annua, eucalyptus, mugwort, and wintergreen oils may have potential to be used as substitutes for chemical insecticides.
Spatial connectivity of aquatic macrophytes and flood cycle influence species richness of an ant community of a Brazilian floodplain
Authors: Pereira Marlon C. , Delabie Jacques H. C. , Súarez Yzel Rondon , Antonialli-Jr. William Fernando 
Published: June 2013

Despite the environmental and economic importance of Pantanal, there are few studies quantifying the influence of sazonality and spatial variation on biological diversity in this ecosystem. In this context, the present work aimed to study the assemblage of ants associated with macrophytes during the flood and dry period of Paraguay river, in marginal environments in the Pantanal of Porto Murtinho, Mato Grosso do Sul. We observed a wide variation in the temporal distribution of the diversity of the assemblages of ants, since from 37 species, 36 occurred in the dry and 20 in the flood period. Of the total of macrophyte species observed, in only 12.5% we found a more specific correlation with ants that were nesting in spaces provided by plants representing a total of 10.52% of the species analized.
Exotic spread of Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) beyond North America
Authors: Wetterer James Kelly 
Published: June 2013

The South America fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren arrived in Mobile, Alabama by ship sometime before 1945. Since then, S. invicta has spread in North America across the southern US and northeastern Mexico. More recently, it has invaded the West Indies and parts of the Old World. Here, I examine this more recent exotic spread of S. invictabeyond North America, reporting new West Indian records and questioning some Asian records. In 1981, S. invicta was first found in the West Indies, on Puerto Rico. With my new records from Vieques, Aruba, and Jamaica, S. invicta is now known from 28 West Indian islands. In 2001, the first Old World populations of S. invicta were discovered in New Zealand and Australia. Nascent populations of S. invicta in New Zealand have been exterminated and Australia populations have been kept in check through intensive control efforts. Populations of S. invicta in Taiwan and China first found in 2003-2004, however, have spread broadly. Published reports of S. invicta from Malaysia and Singapore were based on misidentifications, presumably of the more widespread Neotropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius). Reports of S. invicta from India and the Philippines seem questionable and need confirmation. Where S. invicta has invaded, it has displaced S. geminata in open habitats, leaving remnant S. geminata populations, primarily in forested areas. In working to limit the spread and impacts of fire ants, it will be important to differentiate among the species, and recognize their similarities and their differences.
The botanical profiles of dried bee pollen loads collected by Apis mellifera (Linnaeus) in Brazil
Authors: Freitas Alex , Arruda Vanilda Aparecida Soares de , Almeida-Muradian Ligia Bicudo de , Barth Ortrud Monika 
Published: June 2013

A total of 61 dried bee pollen samples collected in four Brazilian macro-regions within 19 municipalities were analyzed to identify the sources used by Apis mellifera (L.) for pollen production and to enable a more accurate product certification. Sample preparation followed the standard methodology, including washing the pollen grains with ethanol and then with water and homogenising the sediment in a water/glycerine solution for microscopic observation. Pollen counts included at least 500 pollen grains per sample. Only six samples, presenting a unique species or pollen type comprising more than 90% of the pollen sum, were considered monofloral, including Ambrosia sp., Cecropia sp.,Eucalyptus sp., Fabaceae, Mimosa scabrella (Benth.) spp. and Schinus sp. pollen types. The most frequent pollen types of the heterofloral pollen batches, based on a counting limit of 45%, included Anadenanthera sp., Asteraceae,Brassica sp., Caesalpiniaceae, Cocos nucifera (L.) sp., Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (Benth.) sp., Mimosa verrucosa(Benth.) sp., and Myrcia sp. pollen types. This result may be related to the great diversity of the Brazilian flora contributing to heterofloral pollen loads and honeys.
The Unusual Neotenic System of the Asian Dry Wood Termite, Neotermes koshunensis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae)
Authors: Miyaguni Yasushi , Sugio Koji , Tsuji Kazuki 
Published: June 2013

In most lower termites, colonies are headed by neotenic reproductives of both sexes after the primary reproductives (i.e., the queen and king) are lost. The production of a neotenic sexual is inhibited by the presence of a primary reproductive of the same sex. We found an exception in the caste system of the dry wood termite Neotermes koshunensis (Kalotermitidae). The neotenic caste is exclusively male. Moreover, production of male neotenics is completely inhibited not only by the presence of a king but also by the presence of a queen. Therefore, it is likely to be difficult for N. koshunensis colonies to recover their reproductive pairs.
Utility of Acoustical Detection of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Authors: Osbrink Weste , Cornelius Mary 
Published: June 2013

The AED 2000 and 2010 are extremely sensitive listening devices which can effectively detect and monitor termite activity through a wave guide (e.g. bolt) both qualitatively and quantitatively. Experiments conducted with one to ten thousand termites from differing colonies infesting wood in buckets demonstrated that acoustical emission detector readings significantly increased when number of termites increased. Termites were also detected in infested trees with the installation of several wave guides into their trunks. These devices can detect termites and changes in termite activity caused by changes in termite numbers, making it an effective pest management professional and research tool for finding and evaluating termite infestations and efficacy of treatments in specific locations.
Acoustic Evaluation of Trees for Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Treated with Imidacloprid and Noviflumuron in Historic Jackson Square, New Orleans, Louisiana
Authors: Osbrink Weste , Cornelius Mary 
Published: June 2013

Nine years of periodic acoustical monitoring of 93 trees active with Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, were evaluated for imidacloprid tree foam and noviflumuron bait to reduce termite activity in trees. Long term, imidacloprid suppressed but did not eliminate termite activity in treated trees. Noviflumuron bait did not significantly reduce the proportion of trees with high termite activity but significantly increased the number of trees with no termite activity. Noviflumuron changed termite distribution by possibly eliminating only some fraction of numerous colonies whereby surviving colonies avoided trees containing dead termites.
Effect of Habitat Disturbance on Colony Productivity of the Social Wasp Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: Michelutti Kamylla Balbuena , Montagna Thiago Santos , Antonialli-Jr. William Fernando 
Published: June 2013

Social wasps are important elements of the fauna in a variety of environments, including human-modified environments. Evidence indicates that habitat quality affects the growth of colonies of social wasps in urban environments. This study investigated whether the colony productivity of the social wasp Mischocyttarus consimilis Zikán (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) is affected by loss habitat quality in human-occupied environment. Nests of M. consimilis were collected in forest and urban environment between January 2010 and June 2011. Only nests that reached the decline stage were sampled. As productivity parameters, we measured the total number of cells constructed, total number of adults produced and dry mass of the nests. Productivity was significantly lower in urban than in forest environment for all parameters analyzed. Habitat quality is probably the principal factor that contributed to the lower productivity in urban environment. In this type of environment, particularly where the study was conducted, the vegetation adjacent to the nesting sites was composed predominantly of grasses. Such habitats may have limited resources available, especially those resources used by the wasps for feeding the immature, such as larvae of other insects. That result suggests that human degradation of habitats negatively affects the final productivity of colonies of social wasps.
Effects of chain decays, radial flow and U
A(1) restoration on the low-mass dilepton enhancement in $$\sqrt {s_{NN} } = 200$$ GeV Au+Au reactions
Authors: Vargyas Márton , Csörgő Tamás , Vértesi Róbert 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In $$\sqrt {s_{NN} } = 200$$ GeV Au+Au collisions PHENIX reported a significant enhancement in the low-mass region (0.1 < m
ee < 0.7 GeV) of the dielectron spectrum, which is still not fully understood. Several theoretical works and an indirect measurement suggest, due to the possible restoration of the U
A(1) part of the chiral symmetry in a hot and dense medium, that the mass of the η′ meson may substantially decrease. This work reports on a statistically acceptable description of the PHENIX low-mass dilepton enhancement using a radial flow dominated meson spectra, chain decays of long-lived resonances and an in-medium η′ mass modification.
Use of the Patient-generated Index in Systemic Sclerosis to Assess Patient-centered Outcomes
Authors: de Achaval Sofia , Kallen Michael A. , Mayes Maureen D. , Lopez-Olivo Maria A. , Suarez-Almazor Maria E. 
Published: June 2013

Objective.To evaluate the content and construct validity of an individualized patient-reported instrument, the Patient-generated Index (PGI), in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and to compare its performance to that of other instruments and to the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) framework.Methods.Patients identified the 5 most important life areas affected by SSc, which we categorized into domains of the PROMIS framework (mental, physical, and social). Correlations were obtained between PGI and the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), and the Symptom Burden Index (SBI) scores.Results.Sixty-two patients with SSc completed the PGI: 87% women, 69% white, mean age 53 years, mean disease duration 8 years, and 63% with diffuse disease. A total of 258 individual life area responses were recorded: 54% in social health (social function and relationship subcomponents); 28% in physical health (physical function, symptoms, general physical health); and 19% in mental health (consisting largely of the affect subcomponent). Patient PGI responses were categorized into 6 of the 7 subcomponents of the PROMIS framework; substance use/alcohol was not identified. Statistically significant correlations ranging in absolute value from 0.26 to 0.50 were observed between the PGI and the HAQ, SF-36 summary component scores, and the large majority of SF-36 subscales and SBI components.Conclusion.The PGI is a personalized instrument that adequately assessed a wide range of health-related quality of life outcomes within the PROMIS framework. The PGI captured additional constructs not yet defined within the framework that are important for patients with SSc.