bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Lightweight 200‐W Direct Methanol Fuel Cell System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications and Flight Demonstration
Authors: Kang K. , Park S. , Cho S.‐O. , Choi K. , Ju H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA lightweight 200‐W direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) stack was developed to power a small‐scale unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). To reduce the weight and volume of the DMFC stack, carbon‐composite bipolar plates were fabricated using natural graphite, phenolic resin, and carbon black. In addition, lightweight end plates, bolts, and nuts were fabricated using polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials. The lightweight DMFC stack, which was designed for small UAV operating under cruising conditions, consisted of 33 cells, in which membrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs) with active area of 88 cm2 were stacked with the composite bipolar plates. The DMFC stack was first evaluated under various methanol feed concentrations. It produced a maximum power of 251 W at 13.4 V and 71.3 °C under methanol feed concentration of 2 M. Thereafter, the DMFC stack was integrated with a Li‐polymer battery as an auxiliary power source, and the load‐sharing characteristics of the UAV propulsion system were tested under actual flight mode comprising takeoff, cruising, and landing. The flight test results showed that the lightweight DMFC stack successfully delivered full power for cruise flight, whereas the battery provided the additional power required during takeoff. This work successfully demonstrated that the DMFC technology can be applied to small‐scale UAVs.
Effects of dorsal hippocampal damage on conditioning and conditioned‐response timing: A pooled analysis
Authors: Tam Shu K.E. , Jennings Dómhnall J. , Bonardi Charlotte 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBehavioral findings suggest that the dorsal hippocampus (DHPC) plays a role in timing of appetitive conditioned responding. The present article explored the relationship between the extent of DHPC damage and timing ability, in a pooled analysis of three published studies from our laboratory. Initial analyses of variance confirmed our previous reports that DHPC damage reduced peak time (a measure of timing accuracy). However, the spread (a measure of timing precision) was unchanged, such that the coefficient of variation (spread/peak time) was significantly larger in DHPC‐lesioned animals. This implies that, in addition to the well‐established effect of DHPC lesions on timing accuracy, DHPC damage produced a deficit in precision of timing. To complement this analysis, different generalized linear mixed‐effects models (GLMMs) were performed on the combined dataset, to examine which combinations of the different behavioral measures of timing were the best predictors of the degree of hippocampal damage. The results from the GLMM analysis suggested that the greater the DHPC damage, the greater the absolute difference between the observed peak time and reinforced duration. Nevertheless, this systematic relationship between damage and performance was not specific to the temporal domain: paradoxically the greater the damage the greater the magnitude of peak responding. We discuss these lesion effects in terms of scalar timing theory. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazolooxazine and Fused 1,2,3‐Triazolo‐δ‐Lactone Derivatives
Authors: Gümüş Ayşegül , Mert Kudret , Tanyeli Cihangir 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazolooxazine and fused 1,2,3‐triazolo‐δ‐lactone by applying chemoenzymatic methods is described. trans‐2‐Azidocyclohexanol was successfully resolved by Novozyme 435 with an ee value of 99%. Installation of the alkyne moiety on the enantiomerically enriched azidoalcohol by O‐alkylation, followed by intramolecular azidealkyne [3+2] cycloaddition resulted in the desired 1,2,3‐triazolooxazine derivative. Enantiomerically pure azidocyclohexanol was also subjected to the Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate, followed by intramolecular cyclization of the corresponding cycloadduct, to furnish a fused 1,2,3‐triazolo‐δ‐lactone.
DielsAlder Cyclization of a Dihydropyridine: NMR Spectroscopy, X‐Ray Crystallography, and DFT Computations. Bent Aromatic Dimeric Clusters in the Solid Phase
Authors: Fraenkel Gideon , Song Jinhua , Chow Albert , Gallucci Judith C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStructural studies of the N‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl) derivative of a DielsAlder‐cyclized 1,2‐dihydropyridine both unequivocally established the polycyclic framework and revealed interesting distortions of aromatic structure and unique dimeric clustering of the aromatic entities in the solid state.
Aphagranols D – H: Five New Limonoids from the Fruits of Aphanamixis grandifolia
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Jun‐Song , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFive new limonoids, aphagranols D–H (1–5, resp.), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the fruits of Aphanamixis grandifolia by chromatographic methods. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by comparison the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. All of the isolates were evaluated for insecticidal activities.
Catalyst‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Ketene Imines under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Emtiazi Hamideh , Amrollahi Mohammad A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn efficient and simple procedure for the synthesis of ketene imines via a one‐pot three‐component reaction of cyclohexyl isocyanide, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and 1,4‐dihydropyridines under ultrasonic irradiation is described. The remarkable advantages are the simplicity of the experimental procedures, high yields, and short reaction times.
Prenylated Indole Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Sediment‐Derived Fungus Penicillium paneum SD‐44
Authors: Li Chun‐Shun , Li Xiao‐Ming , An Chun‐Yan , Wang Bin‐Gui 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThree new prenylated indole alkaloids, including two β‐carbolines, penipalines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and one indole carbaldehyde derivative, penipaline C (3), as well as two known indole derived analogs, 4 and 5, were isolated from the deep‐sea‐sediment derived fungus Penicillium paneum SD‐44 cultured in a 500‐l bioreactor. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The new compounds 2 and 3 showed potent cytotoxic activities against A‐549 and HCT‐116 cell lines.
A combined rainfall infiltration model based on Green–Ampt and SCS‐curve number
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Zhonggen , Liu Changming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Green–Ampt infiltration equation is an incomplete governing equation for rainfall infiltration due to the absence of an inertia term. The estimation of the capillary pressure head at the wetting front is difficult to determine. Thus, a major limitation of the Green–Ampt model is the constant, non‐zero surface ponding depth. This paper proposes an integrated rainfall infiltration model based on the Green–Ampt model and the SCS‐CN model. It achieves a complete governing equation for rainfall infiltration by momentum balance and the water budget based on the Green–Ampt assumption, and uses the curve number from the SCS‐CN method to calculate the initial abstraction, which is used as a basic parameter for the governing equation of the intensity of rainfall loss during the runoff period. The integrated rainfall infiltration model resolves the dilemma for capillary pressure head estimation, overcomes the limitation of constant, non‐zero surface ponding depth, and facilitates the calculation of runoff for individual flood simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA‐378 inhibits cell growth and enhances l‐OHP‐induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Kai‐Yu , Ma Jun , Zhang Fu‐Xi , Yu Ming‐Jun , Xue Ji‐Shan , Zhao Ji‐Sheng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that participate in a variety of biological processes, and dysregulation of miRNAs is widely associated with cancer development and progression. MiR‐378 is frequently downregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal cell lines; however, it has high serum levels. Bioinformatics analysis further deduced that CDC40 is a potential target of miR‐378, and luciferase reporter assays confirmed the direct regulation of CDC40 by miR‐378. CDC40 plays a key role in cell cycle progression through G1/S and G2/M and pre‐mRNA splicing. Subsequently, we determined that miR‐378 inhibits cell growth and the G1/S transition in CRC cells and that these effects were CDC40‐dependent. Finally, miR‐378 increased cell apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic drug l‐OHP. Our data highlight the potential application of miR‐378 as a tumor suppressor for CRC therapy and overcoming chemoresistance, and it may also be a potential tumor marker for CRC prognosis. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(9):645–654, 2014
Moral Injury, Meaning Making, and Mental Health in Returning Veterans
Authors: Currier Joseph M. , Holland Jason M. , Malott Jesse 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThis study examined whether exposure to morally injurious experiences (MIEs) contribute to mental health problems among returning Veterans via meaning made of possible traumas.MethodA total of 131 Iraq and/or Afghanistan Veterans completed assessments of exposure to possible warzone traumas, meaning made of a salient stressor from their lives, and mental health symptomatology (e.g., posttraumatic stress, depression, suicidality).ResultsStructural equation modeling findings revealed that MIEs were indirectly linked with mental health outcomes via the extent to which Veterans were able to make meaning of their identified stressors. However, we also found that the direct path from MIEs to mental health problems was statistically significant.ConclusionThese findings provide preliminary evidence that difficulties with meaning making could serve as a mediating pathway for how MIEs increase the risk for adjustment problems after warzone service, but that other factors associated with moral injury also have a bearing on psychological functioning among Veterans.
Metformin powder formulation compared to metformin tablets on glycemic control and on treatment satisfaction in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Romano Davide , Bianchi Lucio , D'Angelo Angela , Maffioli Pamela 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate if the new metformin powder formulation improves the treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes, in a case‐control clinical trial. We enrolled 602 subjects in therapy with metformin in tablets formulation and instructed them to take the same dose of metformin in the new powder formulation. At baseline, and after 6 months since the assumption of metformin powder, each patient answered the following questionnaires: the SF‐36 Health Survey, the Diabetes Quality Of Life questionnaire Modified (DQOL/Mod), and the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ). We also assessed the following at baseline, at 3 and 6 months: fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and postprandial glucose (PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), and homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). We observed a statistically significant reduction in HbA1c, FPG, PPG, FPI, and HOMA‐IR (P < .05 for all) with metformin powder. The DTSQ questionnaire showed a higher level of satisfaction linked to the assumption of metformin powder compared to the tablets formulation. In conclusion, metformin powder formulation seems to be more appropriate for the treatment of diabetic patients. The improvement of glycemic control suggests a better adherence to the powder formulation.
Stem cells in the development and differentiation of the human adrenal glands
Authors: Terada Tadashi 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThere are no studies on stem cells (SCs) and development and differentiation (DD) of the human adrenal glands. The SCs in DD of the adrenal glands were herein investigated histochemically and immunohistochemically in 18 human embryonic adrenal glands at gestational week (GW) 7–40. At 7 GW, the adrenal glands were present, and at 7 GW, numerous embryonic SCs (ESCs) are seen to create the adrenal cortex. The ESCs were composed exclusively of small cells with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli. The ESCs were positive for neural cell adhesion molecule, KIT, neuron‐specific enolase, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α, synaptophysin, and MET. They were negative for other SC antigens, including chromogranin, ErbB2, and bcl‐2. They were also negative for lineage antigens, including cytokeratin (CK)7, CK8, CK18, and CK19, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9, epithelial membrane antigen, HepPar1, mucin core apoprotein (MUC)1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6, and cluster differentiation (CD)3, CD45, CD20, CD34, and CD31. The Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was high (Ki‐67 LI = around 20%). α‐Fetoprotein was positive in the ESCs and adrenal cells. The ESC was first seen in the periphery of the adrenal cortex at 7–10 GW. The ESC migrates into the inner part of the adrenal cortex. Huge islands of ESC were present near the adrenal, and they appeared to provide the ESC of the adrenal. At 16 GW, adrenal medulla appeared, and the adrenal ESCs were present in the periphery or the cortex, in the cortical parenchyma, corticomedullary junctions, and in the medulla. The adrenal essential architecture was established around 20 GW; however, there were still ESCs. At term, there are a few ESCs. These data suggest that the adrenal glands were created by ESCs. Microsc. Res. Tech., 78:59–64, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond Aid: A Conceptual Perspective on the Transformation of Development Cooperation
Authors: Janus Heiner , Klingebiel Stephan , Paulo Sebastian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDevelopment cooperation is part of an international system characterised by fragmentation and limitations in global problem solving. Drawing on the term beyond aid, this article explores the transformation of development cooperation within this system. The article distinguishes four dimensions of beyond aid – actors, finance, regulation and knowledge – where aid loses relevance relative to other fields of international cooperation. Creating links to these beyond aid dimensions is at the core of the transformation of development cooperation. Understanding this transformation as a learning process, the article identifies ‘specialisation’ and ‘integration’ as two options for the future of development cooperation. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Versuche zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, X. Der H‐D‐Austausch Zwischen Deuterium‐Gas und Alkylbenzolen in Gegenwart von Raney‐Nickel
Authors: Horner Leopold , Mayer Dietmar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie Wasserstoffatome in der Seitenkette von Alkylbenzolen werden an trockenem Raney‐Nickel schneller ausgetauscht als kernständig gebundener Wasserstoff. Der Deuterium‐Gehalt des Kerns nimmt jedoch mit der Reaktionszeit auf Kosten desjenigen der Seitenkette zu. Im Vakuum getrocknetes Raney‐Nickel (Methode C) besitzt eine höhere Hydrierungs‐ und Austauschaktivität als mit Benzol azeotrop entwässerter Katalysator (Methode B). Ein nach Methode C hergestelltes Präparat bewirkt eine Verteilung des Deuteriums in der Reihenfolge Seitenkette para> meta>ortho, wie mit Toluol, o‐, m‐ und p‐Xylol sowie Mesitylen gezeigt wird. Auf Grund eines Isotopeneffektes reichert sich C‐gebundenes Deuterium in der flüssigen Phase an. Austauschversuche mit Äthyl‐, Isopropyl‐ und tert.‐Butyl‐benzol ergeben, daß der α‐ständige Wasserstoff der Seitenkette bevorzugt ausgetauscht wird.
Hypaconitin (Desoxymesaconitin) und Desoxyaconitin
Authors: Tsuda Yoshisuke , Achmatowicz Osman , Marion Léo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß das Alkaloid Hypaconitin mit Desoxymesaconitin (II) identisch ist, welches aus Mesaconitin (III) durch Entfernung des Ring‐A‐Hydroxyls dargestellt wurde. Hypaconitin hat dieselbe absolute Konfiguration wie Aconitin (I). — Handelsaconitin enthält eine geringe Menge Desoxyaconitin (N‐Äthyl‐N‐desmethyl‐hypaconitin, V), welches isoliert wird.
Über Triterpene, XVII. Das Aglykon des Cyclamins
Authors: Tschesche Rudolf , Inchaurrondo Fermin , Wulff Günter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEs wird gezeigt, daß „Cyclamiretin”︁ (Cyclamiretin D, V) nicht das genuine Aglykon des Cyclamins (I) ist, sondern erst durch Säurehydrolyse aus dem genuinen Oleanan‐3β. 16α‐diol‐25‐al‐13β.28‐oxid (Cyclamiretin A, II) entsteht.
Aminozuckersynthesen, VII. 3.4‐Anhydrozucker der Galaktosamin‐ und Allosamin‐Reihe
Authors: Gross Paul H. , Brendel Klaus , Zimmerman Howard K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIm Benzyl‐N‐cbo‐3‐acetyl‐4.6‐dimesyl‐α‐D‐glucosamin kann die 6‐Mesyl‐Gruppe mit Eisessig/Acetanhydrid + Kaliumacetat durch Acetyl ersetzt werden, wobei die 4‐Mesyl‐Gruppe erhalten bleibt. Die 4‐Mesyl‐Gruppe kann unter Bildung eines 3.4‐Anhydrozuckers in Dioxan/Isopropylalkohol mit Natriumisopropylat abgespalten werden, wobei die 6‐Mesyl‐Gruppe erhalten bleibt. Ausgehend von Benzyl‐N‐cbo‐3‐mesyl‐4.6‐diacetyl‐β‐D‐glucosamin gelangt man zum Benzyl‐N‐cbo‐3.4‐anhydro‐6‐mesyl‐β‐D‐allosamin. Selektiv mesylierte Aminozucker sind für Synthesen von Polyaminozuckern und Desoxyaminozuckern von Interesse.
Systemic Injection of CK2.3, a Novel Peptide Acting Downstream of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor BMPRIa, Leads to Increased Trabecular Bone Mass
Authors: Akkiraju Hemanth , Bonor Jeremy , Olli Kristine , Bowen Chris , Bragdon Beth , Coombs Harold , Donahue Leah Rae , Duncan Randall , Nohe Anja 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) regulates bone integrity by driving both osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, BMP2 as a therapeutic has significant drawbacks. We have designed a novel peptide CK2.3 that blocks the interaction of Casein Kinase 2 (CK2) with Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor type Ia (BMPRIa), thereby activating BMP signaling pathways in the absence of ligand. Here, we show that CK2.3 induced mineralization in primary osteoblast cultures isolated from calvaria and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of 8 week old mice. Further, systemic tail vein injections of CK2.3 in 8 week old mice resulted in increased bone mineral density (BMD) and mineral apposition rate (MAR). In situ immunohistochemistry of the femur found that CK2.3 injection induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK), but not Smad in osteocytes and osteoblasts, suggesting that CK2.3 signaling occurred through Smad independent pathway. Finally mice injected with CK2.3 exhibited decreased osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast activity. These data indicate that the novel mimetic peptide CK2.3 activated BMPRIa downstream signaling to enhance bone formation without the increase in osteoclast activity that accompanies BMP 2 stimulation.© 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:208–215, 2015.
Reactive Blending of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and In situ Synthesized Thermoplastic Polyurethane‐Urea: Novel Preparation Method and Characterization
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Stöckelhuber Klaus Werner , Mahmood Nasir , Komber Hartmut , Heinrich Gert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBlends of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and in‐situ synthesized thermoplastic polyurethane‐urea (PUU) are prepared by a reactive blending method. The PUU is synthesized in‐situ from the polyaddition of 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate‐terminated prepolymer with Bisaniline‐M during blending with NBR in an internal mixer. The 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis shows up to 93% conversion of Bisaniline‐M to PUU in NBR/PUU blends. The incorporation of PUU improves the tensile characteristic, tear and abrasion resistance however a temperature dependent softening of amorphous PUU phase diminishes the dynamic‐mechanical behavior of blend vulcanizates. Improvement in physical properties of blends is attributed to good interfacial adhesion between dispersed PUU domains and continuous NBR matrix as seen by TEM.
Metabolic fate of neutral human milk oligosaccharides in exclusively breast‐fed infants
Authors: Dotz Viktoria , Rudloff Silvia , Meyer Christina , Lochnit Günter , Kunz Clemens 
Published: October 2014

ScopeVarious biological effects have been postulated for human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), as deduced from in vitro, animal, and epidemiological studies. Little is known about their metabolic fate in vivo in the breast‐fed infant, which is presented here.Methods and resultsHuman milk and infant urine and feces were collected from ten mother–child pairs and analyzed by MALDI‐TOF MS (/MS), accompanied by high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Previously, we detected intact small and complex HMO in infant urine, which had been absorbed from gut, as verified via intrinsic 13C‐labeling. Our current work reveals the presence of novel HMO metabolites in urine and feces of breast‐fed infants. The novel metabolites were identified as acetylated HMOs and other HMO‐like structures, produced by the infants or by their gut microbiota. The finding of secretor‐ or Lewis‐specific HMO in the feces/urine of infants fed with nonsecretor or Lewis‐negative milk suggested a correspondent modification in the infant.ConclusionOur study reveals new insights into the metabolism of neutral HMO in exclusively breast‐fed infants and provides further indications for multiple factors influencing HMO metabolism and functions that should be considered in future in vivo investigations.
Surgical treatment of neurogenic stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review of quality assessment and surgical outcomes
Authors: Farag Fawzy , Koens Martin , Sievert Karl‐Dietrich , De Ridder Dirk , Feitz Wout , Heesakkers John 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThere are many opinions but little firm knowledge about the optimal treatment of neurogenic stress urinary incontinence (NSUI).ObjectiveTo scrutinize the quality and surgical outcomes of the available treatment modalities in the published literature.Evidence AcquisitionA systematic review of the published literature from Pub Med and Web of Science was undertaken for studies describing surgical treatment of NSUI between 1990 and 2013. A checklist of criteria of methodological and reporting quality of interventions in urological publications was applied to assess quality of the retrieved publications. Surgical outcomes of success, failure, and reoperation were calculated. Statistical analyses included one‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc tests to determine significant differences between groups.Evidence SynthesisThirty studies were identified with Level 3 evidence. The quality of reporting was 43–81%, with significantly higher quality noted in studies published after 2002 (64% vs. 45%, P < 0.0001). None of the studies followed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. Three primary surgical procedures were used in 29 of 30 studies: artificial urinary sphincter (AUS), urethral slings, and urethral bulking agents. One study used a ProACT device. AUS was considered more successful than urethral bulking agents (77 ± 15% vs. 27 ± 20%, P = 0.002). Urethral bulking agents reported higher failures than urethral sling procedures (49 ± 16% vs. 21 ± 19%, P = 0.016) and AUS (21 ± 19% vs. 10 ± 11%, P < 0.002).ConclusionsThe quality of evidence obtained from non‐RCTs is modest. Surgeries for NSUI have relatively high success rates but also high complication rates in this highly heterogeneous population. More studies using modern techniques are required to update our knowledge. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:21–25, 2016. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.