bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relatedness Does not Affect Competitive Behavior of Rival Males or Offspring Growth in Multiply Sired Litters of Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus)
Authors: Klemme Ines , Ala‐Honkola Outi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractKin selection operates through the fitness of an organism's relatives. In the polyandry context, kin selection may be observable on the one hand in competition between rival males and, on the other hand, in competition between litter mates. Sperm competition theory predicts that males should invest less into mating when competing for fertilizations against a close relative as compared to an unrelated male. We tested this hypothesis with bank voles (Myodes glareolus) by mating each focal male to two females: one of which had previously mated with a full sibling of the focal male and the other one with a male unrelated to the focal male. However, we found no effect of rival male relatedness on mating behavior or proportion of offspring sired by the 2nd male to mate. Possibly, the probability of successive mating of related males with the same female is too low in natural bank vole populations for selection to have fine‐tuned mating behavior in relation to rival male relatedness. Further, polyandry often results in litters sired by multiple males. Litter mates of such litters have a reduced relatedness and are thus expected to be less cooperative during gestation and lactation, which may impair growth. Following double matings with either two full‐sibling males or two unrelated males, we compared offspring growth at birth and during lactation. Against our prediction, there was no difference in growth between litters sired either by two full‐sibling males or by two unrelated males. Either the conflict was not severe enough to be visible with our sample size (N = 16) or it may have been resolved by maternal control of offspring provisioning.
A comprehensive immunohistochemistry algorithm for the histological subtyping of small biopsies obtained from non‐small cell lung cancers
Authors: Koh Jaemoon , Go Heounjeong , Kim Moon‐Young , Jeon Yoon Kyung , Chung Jin‐Haeng , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: August 2014

AimsNeed for accurate histologic subtyping of non‐small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) is growing. IHC patterns may be ambiguous in some cases, rendering it difficult to determine subtypes.Methods and resultsTissue microarrays composed of 184 resected NSCLCs were stained for TTF‐1, Napsin A, CK7, p40, p63, CK5/6, and mucicarmine. TTF‐1 and Napsin A were chosen as the most accurate adenocarcinoma (ADC) marker (ACM), and p40 as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) marker (SCM). We then prospectively performed IHC using these markers (TTF‐1, Napsin A, and p40) in a cohort of small NSCLC biopsies (n = 186) with ambiguous morphology. Of these biopsies, 82.8% (154/186) were classifiable into either ADC or SCC by applying ‘3‐marker IHC panel’. Additional CK7, p63, and CK5/6 were applied in 30 biopsies with equivocal IHC patterns, including 18 ACM−/SCM− (double‐negative) and 12 ACM+/SCM+ (double‐positive) cases. Decision tree and support vector machine models revealed that TTF‐1 was a critical single marker for ADC in double‐positive cases (91.7% accuracy), whereas p63 and/or CK5/6 helped to subtype double‐negative cases (72.2% accuracy).ConclusionsWe propose a novel comprehensive algorithm for subtyping NSCLCs using a 3‐marker IHC panel and additional p63 and CK5/6 that would be useful for subtyping small NSCLC biopsies.
Improvements in phenotype studies of hemoglobin disorders brought by advances in reversed‐phase chromatography of globin chains
Authors: Riou J. , Pissard S. , Goossens M. , Wajcman H. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIntroductionPhenotype studies still occupy a key position in the diagnosis of hemoglobin (Hb) disorders.Material and MethodsIn addition to the conventional methods for diagnosis of Hb disorders which are mostly based on differences in charge of the Hb molecules, some progresses have been brought by studying other properties of the globin chains. Among those, difference in hydrophobicity that may be investigated by reversed‐phase HPLC (RP‐HPLC) discriminates between variants displaying identical charges.ResultsIn this study, we show how an update of this method allows to recognize an α‐chain variant from a γ‐chain variant, a problem frequently during neonatal screening. We illustrate that RP‐HPLC may also unravel unclear phenotypes which are modified by the presence of an additional variant not detected by the conventional methods, and help to characterize rare mutants. Also we show that it allows a clear distinction between variants with identical electrophoretical charges as exemplified by Hb Lepore Boston–Washington and Lepore Baltimore.ConclusionsIn view of our results, RP‐HPLC is a technique that needs to be used as a second step in the general strategy for a correct characterization of Hb variants.
Repeatability and Reproducibility of Measurements of Femoral and Tibial Alignment Using Computed Tomography Multiplanar Reconstructions
Authors: Barnes Duncan M. , Anderson Angus A. , Frost Chris , Barnes Josephine 
Published: August 2014

Objectives(1) To describe a protocol for measurement of the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), angle of anteversion (AA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), tibial tuberosity displacement (TTD), and crural torsion angle (CTA) from computed tomography (CT) multiplanar reconstructions of canine hindlimbs. (2) To test the intra‐observer variability (repeatability) and inter‐observer variability (reproducibility) of the protocol. (3) To assess the proportion of variance in the measurement of each parameter explained by dog, observer, body mass, and medial patellar luxation (MPL).Study designAnatomic study.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned dogs.MethodsA protocol for the measurement of aLDFA, AA, mMPTA, TTD, and CTA was performed by 3 observers, and performed 3 times by 1 observer, on CT multiplanar reconstructions of 20 canine hindlimbs. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for each parameter to examine intra‐observer variability (repeatability) and inter‐observer variability (reproducibility). The proportion of variance in the measurement of each parameter explained by dog, observer, body mass, and MPL was assessed using mixed effect, linear models.ResultsIntra‐observer and inter‐observer ICC were >0.8 for all parameters indicating good repeatability and reproducibility. Most of the variance in the measurement of each parameter was attributable to dog.ConclusionsThe CT protocol, as described, was repeatable and reproducible for assessing the femoral and tibial alignment of dogs.
Mass Fractions of S, Cu, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Te, Ba, Sm, W, Tl and Bi in Geological Reference Materials and Selected Carbonaceous Chondrites Determined by Isotope Dilution ICP‐MS
Authors: Wang Zaicong , Becker Harry , Wombacher Frank 
Published: August 2014

Mass fractions of S, Cu, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Te, Ba, Sm, W and Tl were determined by isotope dilution sector field ICP‐MS in the same sample aliquot of reference materials using HF‐HNO3 digestion in PFA beakers in pressure bombs and glassy carbon vessels in a high‐pressure asher (HPA‐S) for comparison. Additionally, Bi was determined by internal standardisation relative to Tl. Because isobaric and oxide interferences pose problems for many of these elements, efficient chromatographic separation methods in combination with an Aridus desolvator were employed to minimise interference effects. Repeated digestion and measurement of geological reference materials (BHVO‐1, BHVO‐2, SCo‐1, MAG‐1, MRG‐1 and UB‐N) gave results with < 5% relative intermediate precision (1s) for most elements, except Bi. Replicates of NIST SRM 612 glass digested on a hot plate were analysed by the same methods, and the results agree with reference values mostly within 2% relative deviation. Data for the carbonaceous chondrites Allende, Murchison, Orgueil and Ivuna are also reported. Digestion in a HPA‐S was as efficient as in pressure bombs, but some elements displayed higher blank levels following HPA‐S treatment. Pressure bomb digestion yielded precise data for volatile S, Se and Te, but may result in high blanks for W.
Concept analysis of family homeostasis
Authors: Kim Heejung , Rose Karen M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo report a concept analysis of family homeostasis.BackgroundAs family members are a majority of informal caregivers, negative consequences from caregiving duty create a vicious cycle in the family unit resulting in ongoing health crises and care challenges.DesignConcept analysis.Data SourcesForty empirical studies published from 1956–2012 were selected by searching five electronic bibliographical databases and by a manual search conducted from 2012–2013. Search terms included ‘family homeostasis’, ‘homeostasis in family’, ‘homeostatic care’ and ‘family equilibrium’. Clinical experiences in nursing practice were used for constructing cases and clinical implications.MethodsWalker and Avant's method guided this analysis.ResultsFamily homeostasis is defined as the capacity and mechanisms by which equilibrium is re‐established in the family after a change occurs. Five critical attributes are identified: (1) predetermined setpoint; (2) self‐appraised antecedents; (3) interdependence; (4) tendency to stability; and (5) feedback mechanisms. Antecedents include any type of causative change beyond the tolerable limit, while consequences encompass intermediate and long‐term outcomes as well as equilibrium itself.ConclusionFamily homeostasis provides a conceptual rationale of family caregiving. While care recipients remain the primary beneficiaries of healthcare provision, homeostatic mechanisms are required to support the family caregiver's valuable contribution in the caring process to enhance family well‐being. Further study should expand the definition and settings of family to reflect healthcare needs of diverse types of families and from the perspectives of different healthcare providers.
Provocation of Atrial Fibrillation Triggers During Ablation: Does the Use of General Anesthesia Affect Inducibility?
Authors: MOUNTANTONAKIS STAVROS E. , ELKASSABANY NABIL , KONDAPALLI LAVANYA , MARCHLINSKI FRANCIS E. , MANDEL JEFF E. , HUTCHINSON MATHEW D. 
Published: August 2014

AF Triggers During General AnesthesiaIntroductionThe autonomic nervous system exerts important effects upon atrial fibrillation (AF) initiation. The strategy of anesthesia used during AF ablation may impact the provocation of AF triggers. We hypothesized that the use of general anesthesia (GA) would reduce the incidence of provokable AF triggers in patients undergoing AF ablation compared to patients studied while receiving only conscious sedation (CS).Methods and ResultsWe performed a prospective, case control study comparing the incidence of provokable AF triggers in a consecutive series of patients undergoing AF ablation under GA using a standard trigger induction protocol. We compared the frequency and distribution of AF triggers to a second cohort of historical controls (matched for age, gender, left atrial dimension, and AF phenotype) who underwent ablation while receiving CS. We calculated that 44 total subjects (22 patients in each group) were required to detect a 50% reduction in the incidence of AF triggers in the GA cohort. There was no difference between the 2 groups in the rate of AF trigger inducibility (77% vs. 68%, P = 0.26) or the number of triggers provoked per patient (1.2 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.8, P = 0.38). Patients ablated under GA required higher doses of phenylephrine during the trigger induction protocol (408.3 mg [52–600] vs. 158.3 mg [0–75]; P = 0.003), and tended to require higher doses of isoproterenol to initiate triggers (92.8 mg [20–111] vs. 63.6 mg [6–103]; P = 0.25).ConclusionAF trigger induction during GA is both safe and efficacious.
Fibrillar β‐amyloid 1‐42 alters cytokine secretion, cholinergic signalling and neuronal differentiation
Authors: Malmsten Linn , Vijayaraghavan Swetha , Hovatta Outi , Marutle Amelia , Darreh‐Shori Taher 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAdult neurogenesis is impaired by inflammatory processes, which are linked to altered cholinergic signalling and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated how amyloid beta (Aβ)‐evoked inflammatory responses affect the generation of new neurons from human embryonic stem (hES) cells and the role of cholinergic signalling in regulating this process. The hES were cultured as neurospheres and exposed to fibrillar and oligomeric Aβ1‐42 (Aβf, AβO) or to conditioned medium from human primary microglia activated with either Aβ1‐42 or lipopolysaccharide. The neurospheres were differentiated for 29 days in vitro and the resulting neuronal or glial phenotypes were thereafter assessed. Secretion of cytokines and the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) involved in cholinergic signalling was measured in medium throughout the differentiation. We report that differentiating neurospheres released various cytokines, and exposure to Aβf, but not AβO, increased the secretion of IL‐6, IL‐1β and IL‐2. Aβf also influenced the levels of AChE, BuChE and ChAT in favour of a low level of acetylcholine. These changes were linked to an altered secretion pattern of cytokines. A different pattern was observed in microglia activated by Aβf, demonstrating decreased secretion of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐2 relative to untreated cells. Subsequent exposure of differentiating neurospheres to Aβf or to microglia‐conditioned medium decreased neuronal differentiation and increased glial differentiation. We suggest that a basal physiological secretion of cytokines is involved in shaping the differentiation of neurospheres and that Aβf decreases neurogenesis by promoting a microenvironment favouring hypo‐cholinergic signalling and gliogenesis.
Reducing risk of overdose with midazolam injection in adults: an evaluation of change in clinical practice to improve patient safety in England
Authors: Flood Chris , Matthew Linda , Marsh Rachel , Patel Bhavesh , Mansaray Mariama , Lamont Tara 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRationale aims and objectivesThis study sought to evaluate potential reductions in risk associated with midazolam injection, a sedating medication, following a UK National Patient Safety Alert. This alert, ‘Reducing risk of overdose with midazolam injection in adults’, was sent to all National Health Service organizations as a Rapid Response Report detailing actions services should take to minimize risks.MethodTo evaluate any potential changes arising from this alert, a number of data sources were explored including reported incidents to a national reporting system for health care error, clinician survey and audit data, pharmaceutical purchasing patterns and feedback from National Health Service managers.ResultsPrior to the Rapid Response Report, 498 incidents were received by the National Patient Safety Agency including three deaths. Post‐implementation of the Rapid Response Report (June 2009), no incidents resulting in death or severe harm had been received. All organizations reported having completed the Rapid Response Report actions. Purchase and use of risk‐prone, high‐strength sedating midazolam by health care organizations decreased significantly as did the increased use of safer, lower strength doses (as recommended in the Rapid Response Report).ConclusionsOrganizations can achieve safer medication practices, better knowledge, awareness and implementation of national safer practice recommendations. Risks from inadvertent overdose of midazolam injection were reduced post‐implementation of national recommendations. Ongoing monitoring of this particular adverse event will be required with a sustained patient safety message to health services to maintain awareness of the issue and reduction in the number of midazolam‐related errors.
The Development of a Physician Vitality Program: A Brief Report
Authors: Hernandez Barbara Couden , Thomas Tamara L. 
Published: August 2014

We describe the development of an innovative program to support physician vitality. We provide the context and process of program delivery which includes a number of experimental support programs. We discuss a model for intervention and methods used to enhance physician resilience, support work‐life balance, and change the culture to one that explicitly addresses the physician's biopsychosocial‐spiritual needs. Recommendations are given for marriage and family therapists (MFTs) who wish to develop similar support programs for healthcare providers.Video Abstract
Oestradiol Modulates the Effects of Leptin on Energy Homeostasis by Corticotrophin‐Releasing Factor Type 2 Receptor
Authors: Marangon P. B. , Silva L. E. C. M. , Rorato R. , Gomiero Alves P. , Antunes‐Rodrigues J. , Elias L. L. K. 
Published: August 2014

In addition to its action in the control of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis, corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) has been described as an anorexigenic neuropeptide, modulating food intake and energy expenditure. CRF synthesis is influenced by leptin, which would act to increase CRF neurone activation in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Gonadal hormones also participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis. The reduction of food intake and body weight gain in ovariectomised (OVX) rats treated with oestradiol is associated with an increase in CRF mRNA expression in the PVN. The present study aimed to investigate the role of CRF as a mediator of leptin responsiveness in the presence of oestradiol. Wistar female rats were bilaterally OVX and divided into three groups: OVX, OVX+E (i.e. treated with oestradiol) and OVX+PF (i.e. OVX pairfed with OVX+E). The rats received daily s.c. injections of either oestradiol cypionate or vehicle for 8 days. To evaluate the role of CRF on the effects of leptin, we performed an i.c.v. leptin injection (10 μg/5 μl) with or without previous i.c.v. treatment with an CRF‐R2 antagonist. We observed that oestradiol replacement in OVX rats reduced body weight gain and food intake. The effects of exogenous leptin administration with respect to decreasing food intake and body weight, and increasing uncoupling protein‐1 expression in the brown adipose tissue and neuronal activation in the arcuate nucleus, were reversed by previous administration of a CRF‐R2 antagonist only in oestradiol‐treated OVX rats. These effects appear to be mediated by CRF‐2 receptor because the antagonist of this receptor reversed the action of oestradiol on the effects of leptin.
Investment‐Based Corporate Bond Pricing
Authors: KUEHN LARS‐ALEXANDER , SCHMID LUKAS 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA standard assumption of structural models of default is that firms' assets evolve exogenously. In this paper, we examine the importance of accounting for investment options in models of credit risk. In the presence of financing and investment frictions, firm‐level variables that proxy for asset composition are significant determinants of credit spreads beyond leverage and asset volatility, because they capture the systematic risk of firms' assets. Cross‐sectional studies of credit spreads that fail to control for the interdependence of leverage and investment decisions are unlikely to be very informative. Such frictions also give rise to a realistic term structure of credit spreads in a production economy.
Repo Runs: Evidence from the Tri‐Party Repo Market
Authors: COPELAND ADAM , MARTIN ANTOINE , WALKER MICHAEL 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe repo market has been viewed as a potential source of financial instability since the 2007 to 2009 financial crisis, based in part on findings that margins increased sharply in a segment of this market. This paper provides evidence suggesting that there was no system‐wide run on repo. Using confidential data on tri‐party repo, a major segment of this market, we show that, the level of margins and the amount of funding were surprisingly stable for most borrowers during the crisis. However, we also document a sharp decline in the tri‐party repo funding of Lehman in September 2008.
Effects of salpingectomy and antituberculosis treatments on fertility results in patients with genital tuberculosis
Authors: Caliskan Eray , Cakiroglu Yigit , Sofuoglu Kenan , Doger Emek , Akar Munire E. , Ozkan Sabiha O. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of tubal surgery and antituberculosis treatments in patients with genital tuberculosis.Material and MethodsA total of 38 infertile women who had been diagnosed with pelvic tuberculosis and who had had laparoscopy and hysteroscopy were recruited into the study. All women with female genital tuberculosis were divided into two groups: group 1 (salpingectomized, n = 21) and group 2 (not salpingectomized, n = 15). Both of the groups were treated with antitubercular therapy for 6–12 months.ResultsThere was no significant difference in level of gonadotrophins used, estradiol levels on human chorionic gonadotrophin day, mean and mature oocytes retrieved, mean embryos transferred, or cancellation and fertilization rates. Only the number of days of stimulation was statistically significantly higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (10.4 ± 2.3 vs 9.2 ± 1.8; P = 0.048). Although it did not reach the statistically significant level, clinical pregnancy rate was higher in group 1 (37.5%, 12/32 vs 23.8%, 5/21; P = 0.306). Although not statistically significant, number of ongoing pregnancies per embryo transfer, spontaneous abortion rates before 20 weeks of gestation and take‐home baby rates were higher in group 1 compared to group 2 (15.5%, 12/77 vs 6.6%, 3/45; P = 0.150; 28.1%, 9 vs 23.8%, 5; P = 0.600; 9%, 3 vs 0; P = 0.160, respectively).ConclusionSalpingectomy is an option for treatment in patients diagnosed with pelvic tuberculosis and infertility to improve both clinical pregnancy rates and take‐home baby rates in patients treated with antituberculosis therapy for 12 months.
Case of radioactive iodine exposure during pregnancy
Authors: Sadakata Hisanobu , Shinozaki Hiromitsu , Higuchi Tetsuya , Minegishi Takashi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA 43‐year‐old woman (gravida 0, para 0) was diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma and had been receiving radioactive iodine for remnant ablation. Eventually, her pregnant status became apparent; during radiation, she was at 5 gestational weeks. She decided to continue the pregnancy and delivered a boy of 2362 g at 37 gestational weeks. The infant did not present thyroid dysfunction or developmental abnormalities at 2 months of age. The patient was in the early pregnancy stage during radiation, so the fetus did not develop radiation‐related damage of the thyroid gland because at this stage, the fetal thyroid does not concentrate iodine. Although the mother had received radioactive iodine during the critical organogenesis period, the fetus did not develop teratogenicity because the radiation was administered at the borderline threshold for teratogenicity. This case suggests the importance of iodine thyroid absorption when considering radiation‐related damage to the fetal thyroid gland during early pregnancy.