bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Darunavir and Atazanavir in HIV-Infected Children in Europe and Thailand
Authors:   The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC),   Study Group in EuroCoord, Bailey Heather , Collins Intira Jeannie , Childs Tristan , Tostevin Anna , Goetghebuer Tessa , Valerius Niels , Königs Christoph , Galli Luisa , Marczynska Magda , Marques Laura , Ene Luminita , Voronin Evgeny , Okhonskaia Liubov , Noguera-Julian Antoni , Rojo Pablo , Amador Jose Tomas Ramos , Naver Lars , Rudin Christoph , Jourdain Gonzague , Tookey Pat , Giaquinto Carlo , Judd Ali 
Published: November 2015

Background Surveillance for mid- and long-term anti-retroviral therapy (ART) toxicity in children is important for informing treatment guidelines. We assessed the safety of darunavir (DRV) and atazanavir (ATV), commonly used as second-line protease inhibitors following lopinavir/ritonavir, in Europe and Thailand. Methods Cohorts contributed individual patient data on adverse events (AE) in those aged <18 years taking DRV and ATV, respectively, to 02/2014. Rates of Division of AIDS (DAIDS) grade ≥3 laboratory AEs were calculated. Results Of 431 patients on DRV and 372 on ATV, 317 (74%) and 301 (81%), respectively, had weight and dose data available, of whom 56 (18%) and 33 (9%) took the drugs at a non-approved age or dose. Median age at DRV and ATV start was 14.8 years (IQR 12.8–16.1) and 13.5 years (11.4–15.2); 43% and 26% had received ≥8 ART drugs previously. Overall rates of grade ≥3 AEs for absolute neutrophils, total cholesterol, triglycerides, pancreatic amylase, lipase and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were ≤3/100 person-years (PY) on approved doses of both drugs, but 66/100 PY (95% CI 52, 84) for bilirubin after <12 months on ATV declining to 32/100 PY (95% CI 23, 44) after >24 months. Five serious drug-related clinical AEs were reported in four patients on ATV (one discontinued) and three in three patients on DRV (all discontinued), and did not substantially differ in those on approved compared to non-approved doses. Proportions on the drugs at last follow-up were 89% (383/431) for DRV and 81% (301/372) for ATV (including 73/92 with grade ≥3 hyperbilirubinaemia). Conclusions AEs were few in number and comparable for the two drugs, with the exception of high rates of hyperbilirubinaemia for ATV; few patients discontinued due to toxicity.
Identification of a Novel Splice Variant Isoform of TREM-1 in Human Neutrophil Granules
Authors: Baruah Sankar , Keck Kathy , Vrenios Michelle , Pope Marshall R. , Pearl Merideth , Doerschug Kevin , Klesney-Tait Julia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is critical for inflammatory signal amplification. Humans have two forms of TREM-1: a membrane receptor, associated with the adaptor DAP12, and a soluble receptor detected at times of infection. The membrane receptor isoform acts synergistically with the TLR pathway to promote cytokine secretion and neutrophil migration, whereas the soluble receptor functions as a counterregulatory molecule. In multiple models of sepsis, exogenous administration of soluble forms of TREM-1 attenuates inflammation and markedly improves survival. Despite intense interest in soluble TREM-1, both as a clinical predictor of survival and as a therapeutic tool, the origin of native soluble TREM-1 remains controversial. Using human neutrophils, we identified a 15-kDa TREM-1 isoform in primary (azurophilic) and secondary (specific) granules. Mass spectrometric analysis, ELISA, and immunoblot confirm that the 15-kDa protein is a novel splice variant form of TREM-1 (TREM-1sv). Neutrophil stimulation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, LPS, or PAM(3)Cys4 resulted in degranulation and release of TREM-1sv. The addition of exogenous TREM-1sv inhibited TREM-1 receptor–mediated proinflammatory cytokine production. Thus, these data reveal that TREM-1 isoforms simultaneously activate and inhibit inflammation via the canonical membrane TREM-1 molecule and this newly discovered granular isoform, TREM-1sv.
Diffusion tensor imaging in evaluation of posterior fossa tumors in children on a 3T MRI scanner
Authors: Assis Zarina Abdul , Saini Jitender , Ranjan Manish , Gupta Arun Kumar , Sabharwal Paramveer , Naidu Purushotham R 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Context: Primary intracranial tumors in children are commonly located in the posterior fossa. Conventional MRI offers limited information regarding the histopathological type of tumor which is essential for better patient management. Aims: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of advanced MR imaging techniques like diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in distinguishing the various histopathological types of posterior fossa tumors in children. Settings and Design: DTI was performed on a 3T MRI scanner in 34 untreated children found to have posterior fossa lesions. Materials and Methods: Using third party software, various DTI parameters [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity, planar index, spherical index, and linear index] were calculated for the lesion. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were subjected to statistical analysis [analysis of variance (ANOVA)] using SPSS 15.0 software. Results: We observed significant correlation (P < 0.01) between ADC mean and maximum, followed by radial diffusivity (RD) with the histopathological types of the lesions. Rest of the DTI parameters did not show any significant correlation in our study. Conclusions: The results of our study support the hypothesis that most cellular tumors and those with greater nuclear area like medulloblastoma would have the lowest ADC values, as compared to less cellular tumors like pilocytic astrocytoma.
Beyond warfarin: The advent of new oral anticoagulants
Authors: Laroia Sandeep T , Morales Steven , Laroia Archana T 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
New oral anticoagulants (NOAC) are the latest addition to anticoagulant armamentarium. Unlike traditional anti-coagulants like warfarin, lab monitoring and management of bleeding complications secondary to these agents is different. As more and more patients are being switched to these drugs, interventional radiologists in particular will benefit from a clinical review of NOAC.
Use of a vascular sheath for introduction of radiofrequency ablation probe during radiofrequency ablation of osteoid osteoma
Authors: Ahmed Munawwar , Keshava Shyamkumar N , Moses Vinu , Mammen Suraj , Jacob Korula Mani , Madhuri Vrisha 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has now become a preferred treatment option for osteoid osteoma. Accurate placement of RFA probe into the nidus of osteoid osteoma is important for good clinical outcome. Various methods and techniques have been described in the literature available. We describe the technique of using a vascular access sheath for introduction of RFA probe after bone drilling, which prevents loss of access to drill track and also serves as a pathway for accurate placement of RFA probe, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the RFA probe tip itself and the surrounding soft tissue.
The IMSI Procedure Improves Laboratory and Clinical Outcomes without Compromising the Aneuploidy Rate When Compared to the Classical ICSI Procedure
Authors: Luna Daniel , Hilario Roly , Dueñas-Chacón Julio , Romero Rocío , Zavala Patricia , Villegas Lucy , García-Ferreyra Javier 
Published: November 2015

Purpose The intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) procedure has been associated with better laboratory and clinical outcomes in assisted reproduction technologies. Less information is available regarding the relationship between embryo aneuploidy rate and the IMSI procedure. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes and chromosomal status of IMSI-derived embryos with those obtained from intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in order to establish a clearer view of the benefits of IMSI in infertile patients. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a total of 11 cycles of IMSI and 20 cycles of ICSI with preimplantation genetic diagnosis. The fertilization rate, cleavage rate, embryo quality, blastocyst development, aneuploidy rate, pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate were compared between the groups. Results Similar rates of fertilization (70% and 73%), cleavage (98% and 100%), and aneuploidy (76.9% and 70.9%) were observed in the IMSI and ICSI groups, respectively. The IMSI group had significantly more good quality embryos at day 3 (95% vs 73%), higher blastocyst development rates (33% vs 19%), and greater number of hatching blastocysts (43% vs 28%), cycles with at least one blastocyst at day 5 (55% vs 35%), and blastocysts with good trophoectoderm morphology (21% vs 6%) compared with the ICSI group ( P < 0.001). Significantly higher implantation rates were observed in the IMSI group compared with the ICSI group (57% vs 27%; P < 0.05). Pregnancy and miscarriage rates were similar in both groups (80% vs 50% and 0% vs 33%, respectively). Conclusion The IMSI procedure significantly improves the embryo quality/development by increasing the implantation rates without affecting the chromosomal status of embryos. There is a tendency for the IMSI procedure to enhance the pregnancy rates and lower the miscarriage rates when compared with ICSI.
Gender Differences in Science Performance
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hui 
Published: November 2015

<p>The purposed of this study was to examine the gender differences in students’ science performance in their third, fifth, and eighth grade. This study utilized the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999 (ECLS-K) K-8 full sample data public-use data file and had the sample size of 7,305 students. An independent sample t-test was conducted to compare science performance in male and female students in each grade level. Results indicated that gender had significant effects on students’ science performance in third, fifth, and eighth grade. Starting in third grade, male students performed better than female students. This trend continued; males still outperformed females in the fifth and eighth grade. The gender difference on science performance already existed in third grade. It is not clear why female students performed less than the other counterparts. Future studies should investigate students’ science learning progress and their science learning experience in the classrooms of the early elementary grades. </p>
The Athenian Reception of Evadne’s Suicide in Euripides’s Suppliants
Authors: Dee Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Near the end of the play, Evadne appears unexpectedly on a cliff and, after proclaiming her desire for victory over all women, leaps to her death onto her husband Capaneus’s pyre. This paper argues that Evadne is not a wholly unsympathetic character who exists only to horrify and disgust. My analysis of Evadne’s motives refocuses attention onto her overwhelming grief. For while the method(s) of her suicide are admittedly strange, the historical record shows that Greeks reacted in complex ways to similar unconventional, exotic suicides. Finally, Iphis’s paternal grief "rehabilitates" Evadne by bringing attention back toward the devastating effect of war.
Coincidence in Menander’s Dyskolos
Authors: Dugdale Eric 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Situation comedies thrive on spatial and temporal coincidences. In Menander’s Dyskolos, the audience is repeatedly alerted to coincidences of place and time. Key words that express this coordination are καιρός and τυγχάνω and their cognates. Both have spatial and temporal dimensions and self-consciously highlight the machinations of the plot. By drawing attention to spatial and temporal coincidence as well as failures to coincide due to Knemon’s misanthropy, Menander puts the audience in a position to appreciate the irony of his characters’ words and to enjoy the timely misfortunes that eventually overcome Knemon’s evasiveness.
Dischronic Mediterranean: Space and Time Negotiations in Ariosto’s Comedies
Authors: Stoppino Eleonora 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the pervasive reworking of space in Ludovico Ariosto’s comedies (1508-1532), which relocate the Plautine and Terentian spaces to different areas of the Mediterranean. Ariosto reimagines a new Mediterranean geography, moving within the known spaces of Venetian commerce: Negroponte, Lesbos, Albania, Crete. Parallel to this remapping, the characters receive ethnic and national identities often out of synchronicity with the imagined Greek past of the Plautine models. This paper explores Ariosto’s map of Mediterranean spaces and his destabilizing mismatching of time and place as an instance of a now lost practice of cultural negotiation.
Further Advances of CO2-EOR by Promoting a "Triple-E" Approach: Energy Security, Environmental Quality, and Economic Viability
Authors: Parisi Domenico Mimmo , Vahedifard Farshid , Mazzola Michael S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We propose a new framework for energy policy on a national and global scale for exploring further advances of CO2-EOR that promotes a "triple-e" approach:energy security,environmental quality, andeconomic viability.
Increasing the use of CO2-EOR can reduce U.S. dependence on foreign oil, decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, create jobs, and help generate electricity to meet domestic demand. Understanding CO2-EOR and the opportunities and challenges it brings is therefore essential for both policymakers and consumers.

Introduction
There are always two sides to a story, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is no exception. On one side, CO2 is presented as a greenhouse gas (GHG), and preventing its release drives the policy of some government agencies. On the other side, CO2 is an essential nutrient necessary for plant growth and, more recently, has been recognized in the energy sector as a valuable commodity to enhance recovery in utilization operations, such as CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), enhanced gas recovery (CO2-EGR), and enhanced coal bed methane recovery (CO2-ECBMR).
CO2-EOR is a mature technology and currently generates around 300,000 barrels of oil each day in the United States. It is a contributing factor to the recent boom in U.S. oil, which has resulted in lower gasoline prices. However, CO2-EOR's potential for energy security is largely untapped. Exploring new opportunities and technological improvements for increased CO2 storage in EOR operations can significantly increase the volume of its generated oil and improve applicability of technology as a revenue generator for CO2 capture and a large-scale CO2 storage option.
Energy security calls for comprehensive use of all of our nation's energy sources, including fossil fuels. But fossil fuels, especially coal, have become controversial because of their high level of CO2 emissions. Many power plants have replaced coal with natural gas to mitigate CO2 emissions. The United States and the world have also pushed for renewable energy as an effort to control CO2 emissions under the overall banner of slowing down global warming.
Synthetic Coal Cycle Technology™ : A Novel Carbon Utilization Technology
Authors: Zietlow Douglas 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper discusses Synthetic Coal Cycle Technology™ (synCCT™), a novel, patent pending, energy conversion and storage technology that uses carbon dioxide (CO2) to make grid-scale renewable energy dispatchable. synCCT uses renewable energy to dissociate CO2 into carbon, a renewable fuel named Synthetic Coal™ or synC™, and oxygen. synC is oxidized to generate electricity and heat on demand, producing CO2, which is captured and reused in the process.
Both synC and CO2 are feasibly and economically stored for long periods and/or transported long distances by conventional technologies. The synCCT process is carbon neutral and sustainable. In addition, synCCT has a number of advantages over competitive technologies, including:No greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsSimplified integration of grid-scale renewable electricityVirtual transmission of renewable electricity without wiresSimplicityNo pollution or waste productsMinimal water useRelative safetyLow toxicityMinimal infrastructure development requiredPotential use and repurposing of existing infrastructure
This paper discusses the rationale for synCCT, how it works and how it compares with competitive technologies for producing renewable fuels from CO2.

Introduction
The embodiments of Synthetic Coal Cycle Technology™ (synCCT™) discussed in this paper simultaneously address two major issues for the production of electricity: carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and the limited availability of solar and wind energy to reduce these emissions (Zietlow 2014). Although renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, reduce CO2 emissions by replacing fossil fuels, this reduction is limited by their availability. Because most renewable energy sources are either intermittent, geographically fixed or both, they are often not available when and where needed. Although intermittency can be mitigated to some extent by using peaking generation or conventional energy storage, both have significant limitations. Peaking generation emits CO2 and most commercially available energy storage only works over short time frames. Both require capital investment beyond that for renewable energy generation, often including new, expensive electrical transmission lines to transport the electricity they provide.
synCCT converts renewable energy to a fuel, Synthetic Coal™ (synC™), that stores renewable energy indefinitely and can be transported significant distances by conventional transportation, thereby, solving the problems of intermittency and fixed location without the need for new electrical transmission lines. Although synCCT requires additional capital investment beyond that for renewable energy generation, the added value of greater location and time flexibility, and the avoided cost of new electrical transmission offsets its cost relative to peaking generation and conventional energy storage.
Fault slip source models for the 2014Mw6.9 Samothraki‐Gökçeada earthquake (North Aegean Trough) combining geodetic and seismological observations
Authors: Saltogianni Vasso , Gianniou Michail , Taymaz Tuncay , Yolsal‐Çevikbilen Seda , Stiros Stathis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe 24 May 2014,Mw6.9, Samothraki‐Gökçeada shallow (depth: 11 km) earthquake along the North Aegean Trough (NAT), at the westward extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), is investigated using constraints from seismological and geodetic data. A point source solution based on teleseismic long‐periodPandSHwaveforms suggests an essentially strike‐slip faulting mechanism consisting of two subevents, while from a finite fault inversion of broadband data the rupture area and slip history were estimated. Analysis of data from 11 permanent GPS stations indicated significant coseismic horizontal displacement but no significant vertical or postseismic slip. Okada‐type inversion of horizontal slip vectors, using the new TOPological INVersion algorithm, allowed precise modeling of the fault rupture both as single and preferably as double strike‐slip faulting reaching the surface. Variable slip models were also computed. The independent seismological and geodetic fault rupture models are broadly consistent with each other and with structural and seismological data and indicate reactivation of two adjacent fault segments separated by a bend of the NAT. The 2014 earthquake was associated with remote clusters of low‐magnitude aftershocks, produced low accelerations, and filled a gap in seismicity along the NAT in the last 50 years; faulting in the NAT seems not directly related to the sequence of recent faulting farther east, along the NAFZ and the seismic gap in the Marmara Sea near Istanbul.
A lightning‐based search for nearby observationally dim terrestrial gamma ray flashes
Authors: McTague L. E. , Cummer S. A. , Briggs M. S. , Connaughton V. , Stanbro M. , Fitzpatrick G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCurrent space‐based observations of terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are capable of identifying only TGFs that exceed a lower brightness threshold. Observationally, dim TGFs that fall below this threshold are consequently difficult to find using photon‐only search algorithms. Such TGFs are a potentially important part of the overall global TGF rate, and information on their occurrence rate would give important insight into TGF generation mechanisms. We describe and implement a lightning‐based search for TGFs that uses the location and time of National Lightning Detection Network reported positive polarity, in‐cloud (+IC) discharges of the type known to be directly associated with TGFs. These events identify a 200 μs search window when any associated TGF photons would have been detected. We show that this approach can detect TGFs without requiring a lower threshold on the detected photon brightness of the event, and thus is capable, in principle, of finding a population of weak TGFs. We find that TGFs occur at a rate between 1 in 40 and 1 in 500 of in‐cloud lightning events that meet our study's criteria. The distribution of gamma ray counts in the search windows exhibits a statistically significant lack of nearby dim TGFs below the GBM search threshold. The data favor a brightness distribution in which nearby observationally dim TGFs are rare.
Combining regional estimation and historical floods: A multivariate semiparametric peaks‐over‐threshold model with censored data
Authors: Sabourin Anne , Renard Benjamin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe estimation of extreme flood quantiles is challenging due to the relative scarcity of extreme data compared to typical target return periods. Several approaches have been developed over the years to face this challenge, including regional estimation and the use of historical flood data. This paper investigates the combination of both approaches using a multivariate peaks‐over‐threshold model that allows estimating altogether the intersite dependence structure and the marginal distributions at each site. The joint distribution of extremes at several sites is constructed using a semiparametric Dirichlet Mixture model. The existence of partially missing and censored observations (historical data) is accounted for within a data augmentation scheme. This model is applied to a case study involving four catchments in Southern France, for which historical data are available since 1604. The comparison of marginal estimates from four versions of the model (with or without regionalizing the shape parameter; using or ignoring historical floods) highlights significant differences in terms of return level estimates. Moreover, the availability of historical data on several nearby catchments allows investigating the asymptotic dependence properties of extreme floods. Catchments display a significant amount of asymptotic dependence, calling for adapted multivariate statistical models.