bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐expression ofLactotransferrin, a candidate tumor suppressor inactivated by promoter hypermethylation, impairs the malignance of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.
Authors: Zhang Jie , Ling Tianyou , Wu Hanjiang , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundLactotransferrin(LTF) has been confirmed to act as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers; however, its roles in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of malignant head and neck carcinomas, has not been explored.MethodsHere, the expression ofLTFinOSCCtissues andTCA8113 cells was detected withRT‐PCR, qPCR, andIHC. And the correlation betweenLTFexpression andOSCCmetastasis was assessed.MS‐PCRwas performed to reveal the methylation status in promoter regions ofLTFboth inOSCCtissue samples and cells. The influences of 5‐Aza‐Cdc treatment to the methylation status and expression levels ofLTFwere also analyzed. At last, the functions ofLTFinOSCCprogression were demonstrated byMTTanalysis, clone formation assay, and cell cycle analysis inTCA8113 cells with forced ectopic expression ofLTF.ResultsLTFshowed a low or null expression pattern inOSCCtissues and cells, at least partially, due to the hypermethylated status in promoter regions for 5‐Aza‐Cdc, a methyltransferase inhibitor, could restore the expression ofLTFinTCA8113 cells. And the expression level ofLTFexhibited a negative correlation withOSCCmetastasis.ConclusionsRe‐expression ofLTFinhibited the growth, proliferation, as well as cell cycle progression ofTCA8113 cells. In conclusion, hypermethylation contributes much toLTFinactivation inOSCC. AndLTFcan partially reverse the malignant phenotypes ofOSCCcells and may be served as a potential target for diagnosis and therapy ofOSCCin future.
Temperature and light interactively modulate gene expression in Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Heinrich Sandra , Valentin Klaus , Frickenhaus Stephan , Wiencke Christian 
Published: November 2014

Macroalgae of the order Laminariales (kelp) are important components of cold‐temperate coastal ecosystems. Major factors influencing their distribution are light (including UV radiation) and temperature. Therefore, future global environmental changes potentially will impact their zonation, distribution patterns, and primary productivity. Many physiological studies were performed on UV radiation and temperature stress in kelp but combinatory effects have not been analyzed and so far no study is available on the molecular processes involved in acclimation to these stresses. Therefore, sporophytes of Saccharina latissima were exposed for 2 weeks to 12 combinations of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV radiation and temperature. Subsequently, microarray hybridizations were performed to determine changes in gene expression patterns. Several effects on the transcriptome were observed after exposure experiments. The strongest effect of temperature on gene expression was observed at 2°C. Furthermore, UV radiation had stronger effects on gene expression than high PAR, and caused stronger induction genes correlated with categories such as photosynthetic components and vitamin B6 biosynthesis. Higher temperatures ameliorated the negative effects of UV radiation in S. latissima. Regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging seems to work in a compartment specific way. Gene expression profiles of ROS scavengers indicated a high amount of oxidative stress in response to the 2°C condition as well as to excessive light at 12°C. Interestingly, stress levels that did not lead to physiological alterations already caused by a transcriptomic response.
Evaluation of a joint distractor to facilitate arthroscopy of the hip joint in dogs
Authors: Devesa V. , Rovesti G. L. , Urrutia P. G. , San Roman F. , Rodriguez‐Quiros J. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technical feasibility and efficacy of a hip joint distraction technique, any potential ligamentous damage linked to the procedure, and the effect of joint venting on the maximum distraction achieved.METHODSTwenty hip joints from 11 canine cadavers were evaluated radiographically by standard and stressed projections. Joint distraction was applied with loads from 40 up to 200 N, in 40 N increments, and fluoroscopic images were obtained at each load. At 200 N, a needle was inserted into the joint to achieve a venting effect, and the space was measured again. Standard and stressed radiographs were performed to evaluate potential laxity changes.RESULTSDistraction caused a significant increase in joint space at each load of distraction, although there were some variations. Joint venting produced a significant increase in joint space. A statistically significant difference in joint laxity evaluated radiographically before and after the procedure was recorded.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEUse of the distraction apparatus resulted in an increase in joint space. This could be useful for clinical situations where a larger joint space is required such as for arthroscopic procedures. However, loads in excess of 200 N may induce significant increases in joint laxity.
The use of rigid endoscopy in the management of acute oropharyngeal stick injuries
Authors: Robinson W. , Shales C. , White R. N. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the use of rigid endoscopy in the management of oropharyngeal stick injuries.METHODSRetrospective analysis of case records between 2011 and 2013 from a large referral hospital. Data regarding signalment, clinical presentation, treatment options and final outcomes were recorded.RESULTSNine dogs were identified with acute oropharyngeal stick injuries. There were seven males and two females and the dogs were of various breeds, ages (1 · 5 to 9 years) and weights (11 · 9 to 38 · 4 kg). The time from injury to referral was between 1 and 3 days (median: 2 days). All dogs were anaesthetised and the tracts explored using a 30° forward‐oblique, 2 · 7‐mm‐diameter, 18‐cm‐length rigid endoscope with corresponding 14 · 5 Fr sheath. The endoscopy was performed under saline irrigation. Foreign material (>1 mm in size) was removed using grasping forceps fed through the sheath. Subsequently, the tracts were re‐inspected and flushed with further saline to confirm that all foreign material had been removed. All dogs recovered uneventfully and had excellent outcomes with no cases representing with chronic manifestations of oropharyngeal stick injuries.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCERigid endoscopy is an effective method for the diagnosis, assessment and, in certain cases, treatment of acute oropharyngeal stick injuries in dogs.
Primary penile adenocarcinoma with concurrent hypercalcaemia of malignancy in a dog
Authors: Furtado A. R. R. , Parrinello L. , Merlo M. , Di Bella A. 
Published: November 2014

A 13‐year‐old male neutered Siberian husky crossbreed dog was presented with a 3‐week history of haematuria and penile swelling. Clinical examination and computed tomography demonstrated a soft‐tissue mass located at the base of the penis without signs of other primary tumours or metastasis. Clinicopathological findings revealed paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of the mass suggested an epithelial tumour with several criteria of malignancy present.Following surgical excision of the mass, the hypercalcaemia resolved. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed features consistent with an adenocarcinoma.Despite thorough examination, no perineal or anal sac tumour was found. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a penile adenocarcinoma with hypercalcaemia of malignancy.
Mineralogy and petrography of C asteroid regolith: The Sutter's Mill CM meteorite
Authors: Zolensky Michael , Mikouchi Takashi , Fries Marc , Bodnar Robert , Jenniskens Peter , Yin Qing‐zhu , Hagiya Kenji , Ohsumi Kazumasa , Komatsu Mutsumi , Colbert Matthew , Hanna Romy , Maisano Jessie , Ketcham Richard , Kebukawa Yoko , Nakamura Tomoki , Matsuoka Moe , Sasaki Sho , Tsuchiyama Akira , Gounelle Matthieu , Le Loan , Martinez James , Ross Kent , Rahman Zia 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBased upon our characterization of three separate stones by electron and X‐ray beam analyses, computed X‐ray microtomography, Raman microspectrometry, and visible‐IR spectrometry, Sutter's Mill is a unique regolith breccia consisting mainly of various CM lithologies. Most samples resemble existing available CM2 chondrites, consisting of chondrules and calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusion (CAI) set within phyllosilicate‐dominated matrix (mainly serpentine), pyrrhotite, pentlandite, tochilinite, and variable amounts of Ca‐Mg‐Fe carbonates. Some lithologies have witnessed sufficient thermal metamorphism to transform phyllosilicates into fine‐grained olivine, tochilinite into troilite, and destroy carbonates. One finely comminuted lithology contains xenolithic materials (enstatite, Fe‐Cr phosphides) suggesting impact of a reduced asteroid (E or M class) onto the main Sutter's Mill parent asteroid, which was probably a C class asteroid. One can use Sutter's Mill to help predict what will be found on the surfaces of C class asteroids such as Ceres and the target asteroids of the OSIRIS‐REx and Hayabusa 2 sample return missions (which will visit predominantly primitive asteroids). C class asteroid regolith may well contain a mixture of hydrated and thermally dehydrated indigenous materials as well as a significant admixture of exogenous material would be essential to the successful interpretation of mineralogical and bulk compositional data.
Extensive transcriptional response associated with seasonal plasticity of butterfly wing patterns
Authors: Daniels Emily V. , Murad Rabi , Mortazavi Ali , Reed Robert D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the eastern United States, the buckeye butterfly, Junonia coenia, shows seasonal wing colour plasticity where adults emerging in the spring are tan, while those emerging in the autumn are dark red. This variation can be artificially induced in laboratory colonies, thus making J. coenia a useful model system to examine the mechanistic basis of plasticity. To better understand the developmental basis of seasonal plasticity, we used RNA‐seq to quantify transcription profiles associated with development of alternative seasonal wing morphs. Depending on the developmental stage, between 547 and 1420 transfrags were significantly differentially expressed between morphs. These extensive differences in gene expression stand in contrast to the much smaller numbers of differentially expressed transcripts identified in previous studies of genetic wing pattern variation in other species and suggest that environmentally induced phenotypic shifts arise from very broad systemic processes. Analyses of candidate endocrine and pigmentation transcripts revealed notable genes upregulated in the red morph, including several ecdysone‐associated genes, and cinnabar, an ommochrome pigmentation gene implicated in colour pattern variation in other butterflies. We also found multiple melanin‐related transcripts strongly upregulated in the red morph, including tan and yellow‐family genes, leading us to speculate that dark red pigmentation in autumn J. coenia may involve nonommochrome pigments. While we identified several endocrine and pigmentation genes as obvious candidates for seasonal colour morph differentiation, we speculate that the majority of observed expression differences were due to thermal stress response. The buckeye transcriptome provides a basis for further developmental studies of phenotypic plasticity.
Divergent transcriptional patterns are related to differences in hypoxia tolerance between the intertidal and the subtidal sculpins
Authors: Mandic Milica , Ramon Marina L. , Gracey Andrew Y. , Richards Jeffrey G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTranscriptionally mediated phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism of modifying traits in response to an environmental challenge remains an important area of study. We compared the transcriptional responses to low oxygen (hypoxia) of the hypoxia‐tolerant intertidal fish, the tidepool sculpin (Oligocottus maculosus) with the closely related hypoxia‐intolerant subtidal fish, the silverspotted sculpin (Blepsias cirrhosus) to determine whether these species use different mechanisms to cope with hypoxia. Individuals from each species were exposed to environmental O2 tensions chosen to yield a similar level of tissue hypoxia, and gene transcription was assessed in the liver over time. There was an effect of time in hypoxia, where the greatest transcriptional change in the silverspotted sculpin occurred between 3 and 24 h in contrast to the tidepool sculpin where the largest transcriptional change occurred between 24 and 72 h of hypoxia. A number of genes showed similar hypoxia‐induced transcription patterns in both species (e.g. genes associated with glycolysis and apoptosis) suggesting they are involved in a conserved hypoxia response. A large set of genes showed divergent transcriptional patterns in the two species, including fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that these biological processes may contribute to explaining variation in hypoxia tolerance in these species. When both species were exposed to a single environmental O2 tension, large transcriptional responses were seen in the hypoxia‐intolerant silverspotted sculpin while almost no response was observed in the hypoxia‐tolerant tidepool sculpin. Overall, divergent transcription patterns in response to both magnitude and duration of hypoxia provide insights into the processes that may determine an animal's capacity to tolerate frequent bouts of hypoxia in the wild.
Authorship and Control over Thoughts
Authors: Vosgerau Gottfried , Voss Martin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ‘mineness’ of thoughts has often been accepted as indubitable in philosophy. However, the symptom of thought insertion in schizophrenia seems to be an empirical counterexample to the dictum that every introspected thought is one's own. We present a thorough conceptual analysis of mineness of thought, distinguishing between ownership and authorship (thought agency). We argue that it is indeed a conceptual truth that introspected thoughts are owned by the introspector. However, there are everyday and pathological cases of thoughts, for which we do not ascribe authorship to ourselves. To explain inserted thoughts, however, we need an additional factor which is constituted by the lack of control over inserted thoughts (as with intrusive thoughts in patients suffering from OCD). We present a review of empirical data on thought control and thought insertion in the light of the conceptual analysis. We conclude with a summary of the most important future direction of research.
The Semantic Problem(s) with Research on Animal Mind‐Reading
Authors: Buckner Cameron 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPhilosophers and cognitive scientists have worried that research on animal mind‐reading faces a ‘logical problem’: the difficulty of experimentally determining whether animals represent mental states (e.g. seeing) or merely the observable evidence (e.g. line‐of‐gaze) for those mental states. The most impressive attempt to confront this problem has been mounted recently by Robert Lurz. However, Lurz' approach faces its own logical problem, revealing this challenge to be a special case of the more general problem of distal content. Moreover, participants in this debate do not agree on criteria for representation. As such, future debate should either abandon the representational idiom or confront underlying semantic disagreements.
Making Sense of an Endorsement Model of Thought‐Insertion
Authors: Sollberger Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractExperiences of thought‐insertion are a first‐rank, diagnostically central symptom of schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients who undergo such delusional mental states report being first‐personally aware of an occurrent conscious thought which is not theirs, but which belongs to an external cognitive agent. Patients seem to be right about what they are thinking but mistaken about who is doing the thinking. It is notoriously difficult to make sense of such delusions. One general approach to explaining the etiology of monothematic delusions has come to be known as the endorsement model. This model claims that the patient holds her delusional belief because she simply trusts her bizarre experience and takes it at face value. The content of the bizarre experience thus plays a central role in the etiology of delusions. Despite being widely discussed with respect to delusions like Capgras and Cotard, an endorsement model of thought‐insertion has not yet been formulated. This article seeks to fill this void by fleshing out and defending the endorsement approach to delusions of inserted thoughts. It aims to show that such an approach can be defended against objections that have been raised in the literature. In particular, it will be argued that there is nothing wrong with the idea of being first‐personally aware of a thought which is presented in consciousness as being someone else's. The upshot is that with respect to delusions of thought‐insertion, the endorsement model turns out to be a viable account of why patients come to believe that someone else is inserting thoughts into their minds.
Clinical features and therapeutic responses of idiopathic orbital myositis
Authors: Ota Makiko , Shimizu Toshio , Yoshida Hiroshi , Kawata Akihiro , Kinoshita Masako , Nakano Satoshi , Isozaki Eiji , Matsubara Shiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundOrbital myositis is a rare and relatively rapid‐onset disease, resulting in inflammation mainly of the single or multiple extraocular muscles, for which the optimal treatment has not yet been fully established.AimTo evaluate clinical features, therapeutic responses and prognostic factors of idiopathic orbital myositis.MethodsIn five patients diagnosed with idiopathic orbital myositis (age of the disease onset 20–81 years), the clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings, therapeutic response, and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll patients showed restriction of ocular movements or orbital pain aggravated by the movements, and one of them showed a visual disturbance caused by the optic nerve compression. Their magnetic resonance imaging showed a thickening of the orbital eye muscles. Two patients who started steroid hormone therapy within 1 month from the disease onset (starting dose: more than prednisolone 50 mg/day) showed quick recovery; both of them had a relapse and they improved again by steroid therapy. Another patient who was started with prednisolone 30 mg/day at the 34th day showed slight residual limitation of ocular movement. However, in the other two patients who received steroid therapy later than 6 months (starting dose: methylprednisolone 1000 mg/day or prednisolone 30 mg/day), the symptoms were intractable, and one of them underwent surgical treatment.ConclusionEarly initiation of appropriate immunotherapy using a sufficient amount of steroid hormone is essential to improve the prognosis of idiopathic orbital myositis.
Pharmacokinetics of levodopa/benserazide versus levodopa/carbidopa in healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Iwaki Hirotaka , Nishikawa Noriko , Nagai Masahiro , Tsujii Tomoaki , Yabe Hayato , Kubo Madoka , Ieiri Ichiro , Nomoto Masahiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere are two formulations of levodopa in Japan and a few other countries, levodopa/benserazide 100/25 mg and levodopa/carbidopa 100/10 mg, which have been generally regarded as interchangeable in Parkinson's disease treatment.AimWe investigated the pharmacokinetics of levodopa in the two kinds of levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor (benserazide or carbidopa) formulations to study their equivalence.MethodsPopulation pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using levodopa data from the healthy subject study and, additionally, for 70 plasma concentration data points from Parkinson's disease patients receiving either levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor combination in clinical practice.ResultsIn healthy subjects, the mean ± standard deviation plasma levodopa maximum observed plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 to 3 h (512 ± 139 vs 392 ± 49 μmol•h/L, P < 0.05) were significantly higher after levodopa/benserazide compared with levodopa/carbidopa. Levodopa time to maximum observed plasma concentration and plasma elimination half‐life were not significantly different when comparing the respective formations. Levodopa pharmacokinetic parameters were the same between the Parkinson's disease patients and healthy subjects, except for levodopa apparent clearance, which was approximately two‐thirds lower in Parkinson's disease patients compared with healthy subjects for both levodopa/decarboxylase inhibitor combinations, which might result in higher levodopa area under the curve in patients with Parkinson's disease than in healthy volunteers.ConclusionLevodopa pharmacokinetics differ after administration of levodopa/benserazide and levodopa/carbidopa. This information cold be useful for adjustment of medication in Parkinson's disease patients, especially with motor complications.
A combination of gene expression ranking and co‐expression network analysis increases discovery rate in large‐scale mutant screens for novel Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress genes
Authors: Ransbotyn Vanessa , Yeger‐Lotem Esti , Basha Omer , Acuna Tania , Verduyn Christoph , Gordon Michal , Chalifa‐Caspi Vered , Hannah Matthew A. , Barak Simon 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAs challenges to food security increase, the demand for lead genes for improving crop production is growing. However, genetic screens of plant mutants typically yield very low frequencies of desired phenotypes. Here, we present a powerful computational approach for selecting candidate genes for screening insertion mutants. We combined ranking of Arabidopsis thaliana regulatory genes according to their expression in response to multiple abiotic stresses (Multiple Stress [MST] score), with stress‐responsive RNA co‐expression network analysis to select candidate multiple stress regulatory (MSTR) genes. Screening of 62 T‐DNA insertion mutants defective in candidate MSTR genes, for abiotic stress germination phenotypes yielded a remarkable hit rate of up to 62%; this gene discovery rate is 48‐fold greater than that of other large‐scale insertional mutant screens. Moreover, the MST score of these genes could be used to prioritize them for screening. To evaluate the contribution of the co‐expression analysis, we screened 64 additional mutant lines of MST‐scored genes that did not appear in the RNA co‐expression network. The screening of these MST‐scored genes yielded a gene discovery rate of 36%, which is much higher than that of classic mutant screens but not as high as when picking candidate genes from the co‐expression network. The MSTR co‐expression network that we created, AraSTressRegNet is publicly available at http://netbio.bgu.ac.il/arnet. This systems biology‐based screening approach combining gene ranking and network analysis could be generally applicable to enhancing identification of genes regulating additional processes in plants and other organisms provided that suitable transcriptome data are available.