bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Royal Ancestor Worship and Buddhist Politics: The Hyŏnhwa-sa Stele and the Origins of the First Koryŏ Tripitaka
Authors: Vermeersch Sem 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
There is a general consensus in research on the First Koryŏ Tripitaka (aka Ch’ojo taejanggyŏng) that it began in 1011 in fulfillment of a vow: King Hyŏnjong had sworn to undertake the project if the Khitan invasion force would withdraw. The only scholar who has challenged this view is Ikeuchi Hiroshi, who claimed that the First Koryŏ Tripitaka was carved to pray for the repose of King Hyŏnjong’s parents’ souls. Ikeuchi based his arguments on a reading of the Hyŏnhwa-sa stele, erected by King Hyŏnjong as a memorial temple to his parents. This article reexamines Ikeuchi’s thesis and shows that though it is based on a mistaken reading and a colonial agenda, it is still the only research that offers some perspectives that allow us to move beyond single cause theories. His paper is a useful starting point to examine all of the different possible causes and motives that lay behind the project of carving the entire Buddhist canon on wooden printing blocks. Irrespective of whether or not the wish to repel the invaders was the primary cause, this article shows that there were many deeper motivations and contributing factors that irrevocably pushed Hyŏnjong to undertake this project. One of the more important contributing factors, it is argued, was the rebuilding of his legitimacy through a reassertion of the privileged relation the ruling Wang Dynasty enjoyed with Buddhism.
Somatic growth and aerobic/anaerobic capacity of deaf children and adolescents
Authors: Zwierzchowska Anna , Żebrowska Aleksandra , Gawlik Krystyna 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhen investigating development potential, one should always take into consideration possible interactions among a variety of factors. Investigations of interactions that occur in the human body constitute a considerable contribution to further applications, which is particularly important in the case of disabled individuals and allows stimulation of the compensation processes in an oriented manner. The present study focuses on the effect of somatic growth on the level of aerobic/anaerobic capacities and their variability over time in hearing impaired children and adolescents. Correlations between somatic components and aerobic/anaerobic efficiency in hearing impaired individuals are compared to literature reports with regard to their normal-hearing peers. Our study has demonstrated that hearing loss does not modify interactions between the parameters of somatic growth and aerobic or anaerobic capacity of deaf children and adolescents. Thus, our results provide grounds for application activities based on neurophysiological growth patterns.
An Empirical Study of Synchrophasor Communication Delay in a Utility TCP/IP Network
Authors: Zhu Kun , Chenine Moustafa , Nordström Lars , Holmström Sture , Ericsson Göran 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Although there is a plethora of literature dealing with Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) communication delay, there has not been any effort made to generalize empirical delay results by identifying the distribution with the best fit. The existing studies typically assume a distribution or simply build on analogies to communication network routing delay. Specifically, this study provides insight into the characterization of the communication delay of both unprocessed PMU data and synchrophasors sorted by a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). The results suggest that a bi-modal distribution containing two normal distributions offers the best fit of the delay of the unprocessed data, whereas the delay profile of the sorted synchrophasors resembles a normal distribution based on these results, the possibility of evaluating the reliability of a synchrophasor application with respect to a particular choice of PDC timeout is discussed.
Plasma levels of free metanephrines and 3-methoxytyramine indicate a higher number of biochemically active HNPGL than 24-h urinary excretion rates of catecholamines and metabolites
Authors: van Duinen N , Corssmit E P M , de Jong W H A , Brookman D , Kema I P , Romijn J A 
Published: July 2013

ContextA substantial number of patients with head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs) have biochemically active tumors, evidenced by increased urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites, including 3-methoxytyramine (3MT). It is unclear whether plasma levels of these parameters are more sensitive to detect biochemical activity in HNPGL patients than urinary excretion rates.ObjectiveTo compare plasma free levels vs urinary excretion rates of deconjugated 3MT and combined metanephrines (MNs) in patients with HNPGL.Patients and methodsWe included 124 consecutive patients with HNPGL for screening of catecholamine excess by measurement of 24-h urinary excretion rates of deconjugated (nor)metanephrine, (nor)epinephrine, dopamine, vanillylmandelic acid, 3MT, and plasma free levels of (nor)metanephrine and 3MT.ResultsPlasma free 3MT levels were increased in 35 of the 124 patients (28%), whereas 24-h urinary excretion of deconjugated 3MT was increased in 30 patients (24%) (P=0.13). Plasma free MN levels were increased in seven patients (6%) and urinary deconjugated MN levels in six patients (5%) (P=1.00). Plasma free normetanephrine (NMN) levels were increased in seven patients (6%), and five patients had increased urinary excretion of deconjugated NMN (4%) (P=0.69). Plasma free combined MN levels (NMN, MN, and 3MT) were increased in 41 patients (33%), whereas 24-h urinary excretion rates of deconjugated combined MNs were increased in 33 patients (27%,P<0.05).ConclusionsThe combined levels of free MNs and free 3MT in plasma indicate a higher number of biochemically active HNPGLs than the 24-h urinary excretion rates of these markers.
Development and characterization of a new measurement technique for monitoring changes in acceleration during hippotherapy
Authors: Pálinkás J. , Szabó I. A. , Harasztosi L. , Soha F. R. , Manó S. , Csernátony Z. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe beneficial effects of hippotherapy lie in the transmission of the horse's movements to the patient. The aim of our work was to create a measurement method for objective evaluation that can be used in natural settings without interfering with therapy.Methodology/Principal findingsOur measurement system consists of three treble axis accelerometers connected to a data logger. Software was developed for data analysis and post processing. A commercial DVD recording camera was used to document the hippotherapy session. In this paper we present the results obtained in pilot measurements on ten children with cerebral palsy. For reference, a skilled rider was measured on the same horse using a passive following seat.ConclusionsThe acceleration diagrams show common characteristics useful to the interpretation of the movement transfer during hippotherapy as well as individual patterns indicating alterations in the movement reactions of different patients.
Separation of faults of electromechanical drive chain using artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Füvesi V. , Kovács E. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this paper a complex drive chain is modelled with Local Linear Neuro-Fuzzy Model (LLNF). The developed models were used for detecting different faults that may occur in the system. The models were developed based on measurements carried out on the real system. Using feed-forward neural networks with perceptron neuron structure, model-based fault diagnosis of the analysed system was developed to separate the different faults. The performance and efficiency of the developed different types of artificial neural network's structures were compared using gradient based edge detection method.
The creation of new research system for the investigation of surface quality by stones
Authors: Gyurika I. G. , Gálos M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The research on automated stone machining processes was very significant in the last two decades. Sawing, cutting and grinding of different stones like granite, marble, limestone became cheaper and more productive because of the results of researches. When searching through international specialised literature in the topic of stone machining with machine centres, theoretical summaries or researches can hardly be found. The aim of the researchers writing this article is — as a pioneer in Hungary, but also among the first internationally — to examine the optimization and technological problems in the area of stone milling processes. The researchers have developed a complex research system with the collaboration of two departments of University of Technology and Economics and an industrial stone machining firm, Woldem Ltd. to solve the problems. This paper summarizes the parts of this system. General steps and results of research processes are demonstrated by reference experiments. Face milling operations were made on a granite block with five different cutting speeds and then the researchers measured slip safety and average surface roughness values in case of different samples. Finally, upcoming tasks of the research team are summarized.
Resolving the Trouble With Schizophrenic Thinking
Authors: Whitaker Leighton C. 
Published: July 2013

Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler declared in 1911 that the primary trouble in the “schizophrenias” is the thinking disorder. Now, a century later, epidemiologic evidence shows that the prevailing disease model is misleading and that the somatic treatments are more damaging than helpful because they rapidly increase disability rates and fail to help patients achieve adaptive thinking ability crucial for fully functioning living. Schizophrenia is claimed to be a disease like diabetes although the “newer antipsychotics” can cause actual diabetes.Empathizing with and understanding the characteristic dynamic gestalt of terror, loneliness, hopelessness, and need for witting awareness can lead to developing crucial thinking ability as terror becomes intense constructive motivation to learn. This orientation, fundamentally opposite in direction from the standard drug treatment, is illustrated with several examples of persons hospitalized for schizophrenic breakdowns. When unhampered by the prevailing drug treatment and focused on the central interpersonal issues, psychotherapy can lead to high levels of adaptive thinking ability in what were persons with severe psychosis. Consequently, persons with schizophrenia can experience for themselves that schizophrenia is neither incurable nor a disease.
Psychiatry as Ideology
Authors: McLaren Niall 
Published: July 2013

Background:The current psychiatric literature carries numerous papers arguing that the correct approach to mental disorder is to see it as a special form of brain disorder, whose precise biochemical and genetic causes will be revealed by the normal methods of laboratory science. In particular, these claims are repeated in numerous papers outlining and advocating the new Research Domain Criteria project of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health.Material:An extensive search of the literature shows that not one of these biologically oriented papers ever provides citations or references to authorities such that the claim “mental disorder is brain disorder” is established to the standard required of valid scientific claims.Discussion:As it stands, the notion that mental disorder is brain disorder is unsubstantiated. In particular, no authorities in the field of biological psychiatry have ever demonstrated that they have a formal theory of mental disorder, or a model of mental disorder to guide their daily practice, their teaching or their research.Conclusion:This means that biological psychiatry has the status of an ideology only, and the many papers arguing its case meet the definition of propaganda.
Downhole Measurement and Monitoring Lead to an Enhanced Understanding of Drilling Vibrations and Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bit Damage
Authors: Ledgerwood L.W.. W. , Jain Jayesh R. , Hoffmann Olivier J. , Spencer Reed W. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
Since backward whirl was discovered as a severe cause of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit failure, the oil and gas industry has made great strides toward creating whirl-resistant bits and operating practices. But is whirl still the major cause of PDC bit damage in conventional rotary applications? This paper reports on a recent field study in which downhole vibrations were measured by use of a newly available in-bit vibration-monitoring device. The focus of this study was to understand the primary source of bit damage. In addition, four wells were also drilled by use of a research drilling rig in Oklahoma. In these tests, the PDC bits, bottomhole assemblies (BHAs), and operating parameters were varied to document their effect on downhole vibrations. In these four wells, vibration measurements from the new in-bit measuring device were validated against a commercially available and industry-proven measurement-while-drilling (MWD) vibration-monitoring service.
The results of this study indicate that the most common field vibration in hard-rock vertical conventional rotary drilling is stick/slip, not whirl. In field tests, stick/slip was observed almost exclusively. For typical field applications with a surface rotary speed of approximately 70 rpm, the team measured a peak downhole rpm as high as 500 during the slip phase. Stick/slip was identified as the primary cause of bit damage in these applications. Lateral vibration occurring during the slip phase correlated well with the observed damage and is proposed as a new mode of damage during stick/slip. The characterization of the lateral vibrations coupled with stick/slip is presented on the basis of downhole measurements.
An Efficient Implicit-Pressure/Explicit-Saturation-Method-Based Shifting-Matrix Algorithm To Simulate Two-Phase, Immiscible Flow in Porous Media With Application to CO2 Sequestration in the Subsurface
Authors: Salama Amgad , Sun Shuyu , El-Amin M.F.. F. 
Published: July 2013

Summary
The flow of two or more immiscible fluids in porous media is widespread, particularly in the oil industry. This includes secondary and tertiary oil recovery and carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. Accurate predictions of the development of these processes are important in estimating the benefits and consequences of the use of certain technologies. However, this accurate prediction depends—to a large extent—on two things. The first is related to our ability to correctly characterize the reservoir with all its complexities; the second depends on our ability to develop robust techniques that solve the governing equations efficiently and accurately. In this work, we introduce a new robust and efficient numerical technique for solving the conservation laws that govern the movement of two immiscible fluids in the subsurface. As an example, this work is applied to the problem of CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers; however, it can also be extended to incorporate more scenarios. The traditional solution algorithms to this problem are modeled after discretizing the governing laws on a generic cell and then proceed to the other cells within loops. Therefore, it is expected that calling and iterating these loops multiple times can take a significant amount of computer time. Furthermore, if this process is performed with programming languages that require repeated interpretation each time a loop is called, such as Matlab, Python, and others, much longer time is expected, particularly for larger systems. In this new algorithm, the solution is performed for all the nodes at once and not within loops. The solution methodology involves manipulating all the variables as column vectors. By use of shifting matrices, these vectors are shifted in such a way that subtracting relevant vectors produces the corresponding difference algorithm. It has been found that this technique significantly reduces the amount of central-processing-unit (CPU) time compared with a traditional technique implemented within the framework of Matlab.
AKI in Hospitalized Children
Authors: Sutherland Scott M. , Ji Jun , Sheikhi Farnoosh H. , Widen Eric , Tian Lu , Alexander Steven R. , Ling Xuefeng B. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackground and objectivesAlthough AKI is common among hospitalized children, comprehensive epidemiologic data are lacking. This study characterizes pediatric AKI across the United States and identifies AKI risk factors using high-content/high-throughput analytic techniques.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsFor the cross-sectional analysis of the 2009 Kids Inpatient Database, AKI events were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Demographics, incident rates, and outcome data were analyzed and reported for the entire AKI cohort as well as AKI subsets. Statistical learning methods were applied to the highly imbalanced dataset to derive AKI-related risk factors.ResultsOf 2,644,263 children, 10,322 children developed AKI (3.9/1000 admissions). Although 19% of the AKI cohort was ≤1 month old, the highest incidence was seen in children 15–18 years old (6.6/1000 admissions); 49% of the AKI cohort was white, but AKI incidence was higher among African Americans (4.5 versus 3.8/1000 admissions). In-hospital mortality among patients with AKI was 15.3% but higher among children ≤1 month old (31.3% versus 10.1%,P<0.001) and children requiring critical care (32.8% versus 9.4%,P<0.001) or dialysis (27.1% versus 14.2%,P<0.001). Shock (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.95 to 2.36), septicemia (odds ratio, 1.37; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 1.43), intubation/mechanical ventilation (odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 1.25), circulatory disease (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 1.65), cardiac congenital anomalies (odds ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.13 to 1.23), and extracorporeal support (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 2.04 to 3.26) were associated with AKI.ConclusionsAKI occurs in 3.9/1000 at-risk US pediatric hospitalizations. Mortality is highest among neonates and children requiring critical care or dialysis. Identified risk factors suggest that AKI occurs in association with systemic/multiorgan disease more commonly than primary renal disease.
Novel Measurements in Primary Settling Tanks of Large Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Authors: Kiss Katalin , Patziger Miklós 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper shows the in situ analysis of a primary settling tank (PST) at the Graz Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (500 000 PE). The study aims at the deeper understanding of primary settling tanks behaviour by measurement of flow pattern within the tank and suspended solids (SS) separation.
Measurement campaigns were carried out at different surface overflow rates (a main measure of PST load), that ranged from low to even higher values than recommended ones by design guidelines. During the measurements the inflowing and outflowing SS concentrations and loads were registered on-line. The flow pattern (3D velocity measurements, turbulence characteristics) was measured by using Acoustic - Doppler - Velocimetry (ADV) in raster [1]. The settling function was carried out by laboratory test at Budapest Central Wastewater Treatment Plant, which was investigated at representative concentration of PST.
The measurements provided detailed insight into the flow and mass transport processes within the PST and valuable calibration and verification data for further CFD modelling.
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition between substituted phenyl azide and 2,3-dihydrofuran
Authors: Bekhradnia Ahmad , Arshadi Sattar , Siadati Seyed 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA theoretical study was performed on the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between 2,3-dihydrofuran and substituted phenyl azide using Density Functional Theory (DFT) in combination with a 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The optimum geometries for reactant, transition state and product, as well as the kinetic data, rate constants and reaction constant (ρ) were investigated to rationalise the substitution effects and reaction rates of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition process in various solvents. The DFT calculation and Frontier Molecular Orbital (FMO) theory as well as the atomic Fukui indices show that the electron-withdrawing substituents enhance the reaction constant (ρ > 0), especially in polar aprotic solvents. Consequently, small changes in the rate constant of the reaction in various solvents and geometric similarity between reactants and transition state structures were suggested as the early transition state mechanism for electron-withdrawing substituents. In addition, the slope of the Hammett plot and susceptibility of the reaction to electron-withdrawing substituents in various solvents confirmed the mechanism.
Vanadium dodecylamino phosphate: A novel efficient catalyst for synthesis of polyhydroquinolines
Authors: Rajini Anumula , Nookaraju Muralasetti , Reddy Ingala , Narayanan Venkatathri 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA novel vanadium dodecylamino phosphate was synthesised by an instant reaction between phosphoric acid and vanadyl acetylacetonoate using dodecylamine as the structure-directing agent at ambient temperature. The physicochemical characteristics of the material were investigated by a variety of analytical techniques. XRD studies revealed the presence of vanadium phosphate and hydrated vanadium phosphate phases in the framework of the material. The catalytic application of this material toward in the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines via Hantzsch condensation was investigated at ambient temperature. This method affords high yields within short reaction times. The influence of various reaction parameters such as different solvents, catalyst dosage, effect of aldehydes, and reusability was studied and a plausible mechanism proposed.
Mobility, Marginality and Tenure Transformation in Kenya: Explorations of Community Property Rights in Law and Practice
Authors: Musembi Celestine Nyamu , Kameri-Mbote Patricia 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Community land rights were officially recognized for the first time in Kenya's 2010 Constitution on the basis of 'ethnicity, culture or similar community of interest'. It remains to be seen whether this will begin to reverse the trend of over-emphasis on individual tenure and sedentary agricultural land uses. Against this background, this article interrogates the various narratives around defining 'community' that have emerged in national and local discourses on entitlement to resources. The article draws on a case study of a Kenyan community - the Ogiek in the Rift Valley - in which tenure and land use are changing rapidly and where tension exists between individual and communal tenure, and among contending visions of future community land rights.
Tenure in Mystery: The Status of Land under Wildlife, Forestry and Mining Concessions in Karamoja Region, Uganda
Authors: Rugadya Margaret A. , Kamusiime Herbert 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the 1960s, 94.6 per cent of the region of Karamoja was allocated to wildlife conservation. In 2002, the Ugandan Parliament approved the change in status of land use and tenure of about half of that land. More than a decade later, the local communities remain very little the wiser about the changed status of their land rights. People find their access to land is blocked and feel powerless against suspected land grabbing. Decisions on land - for conservation or for exploitation of natural resources - are being taken over the heads of the communities who live and work there and no adequate information is passed down to them. This article collates information on land given over to conservation, forestry and mining to provide a factual basis for interventions regarding communal tenure. Findings show that communities are vulnerable to internal and external loss of land and its resources - they do not have the information that would otherwise empower them to protect, negotiate and participate in ownership, use and management of their land.