bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Ionic Events in the Functional Membrane of Photosynthesis
Authors: Grünhagen H. H. , Witt H. T. 
Published: February 2015

1. Fluorescence changes of umbelliferone have been used as indicator for pH changes in the outer phase of the functional membrane of photosynthesis. In combination with the repetitive pulse technique it is possible to measure the pH change which is produced during one turn-over of the molecular machinery (Δ pH ≈ 10−4). The analysis of this primary pH changes gives insight in the primary ionic events in general.
2. The rise of the primary pH formation takes place in 20-30 ms. The decay is at 20°C of first order with k ≈ 0.7 s−1 or τ½ ≈ 1 s.
3. The rise of the pH formation corresponds to the decay of the electrical field across the membrane (pHout 7, pHin 7, isotonic solution).
4. The amplitude of the primary pH change indicates the ratio of the field driven K⊕ and H⊕ efflux across the membrane **. This has been proved by membrane active substances which are specific for K⊕ and H⊕ permeabilities respectively.
5. The ratio of the field driven K⊕ and H⊕ efflux depends on the pHin. At pHin 7 (pHout 7) the field drives 100% K⊕. With decreasing pHin the efflux shifts from K⊕ to H⊕ (at pHin 5, pHout 7 50% K⊕ and 50% H⊕).
6. The field driven K⊕ efflux causes the formation of the pH changes. The field driven H⊕ efflux causes no pH changes.
7. The K⊕ channel and the H⊕ channel and its regulation by pHin lead to an extended concept of the coupling of the primary events in photosynthesis. This is discussed in chapter II and fig. 4.
Untersuchungen an Crown-Gall / Investigations on Crown-Gall
Authors: Beiderbeck Rolf 
Published: February 2015

Young leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana are hurt with a “hedgehog” (a holder with 30 needles) to produce wounds of equal size in great numbers and definite intervals. Infection of these leaves with suspensions of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain B6, results in first small tumors as soon as 7 days after infection. A quantitative evaluation of the experiments is possible 14 days after infection. The number of induced tumors increases linearly with the logarithm of the concentration of the bacteria. The diameter of tumors (21-d-old), too, depends on the concentration of the bacteria. - The tumors mass a product of the relative success of infection I (number of tumors per number of wounds, and the average tumor diameter gives a third measure of the bacteria concentration.
An application of this hedgehog-test is given: If the infecting bacteria are treated with lysozyme and EDTA the success of the infection decreases with increasing time of treatment. This decrease is reduced by the presence of 11% sucrose.
Photolyse von 5-Joduracil in wäßriger, sauerstoffgesättigter Lösung
Authors: Gilbert E. , Schulte-Frohlinde D. 
Published: February 2015

Bei der UV-Photolyse (λ= 254 nm) von 5-Joduracil (C =5·10-4 Mol/l) in wäßriger, sauerstoffgesättigter Lösung bildet sich als organisches Produkt nur Isodialursäure. Daneben entsteht elementares Jod. H2O2 wird nicht gefunden. Bei pH =1 (H2SO4) liegt neben dem elementaren Jod zusätzlich Jod in einer höheren Oxydationsstufe vor, das aus Jodid Jod frei macht und in dessen Gegenwart zugesetztes H2O2 rasch abgebaut wird. Unter besonderen Bedingungen wird nach der Photolyse bei pH =1 sehr wenig H2O2 gefunden, welches beim Stehenlassen rasch aus der Lösung verschwindet.
In Anwesenheit von Jodid (C=5·10-4 Mol/l) entsteht bei pH=3,5 (H2SO4) nur Isodialursäure und zwei Äquivalente Jod. Jod in einer anderen Wertigkeitsstufe wird nicht gefunden.
Das Bürzeldrüsensekret des Fasans (Phasianus colchicus) / The Uropygial Gland Fat of the Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Grimmer Gernot 
Published: February 2015

The uropygial (preen) gland fat of the pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) is a mixture from diester waxes, of which erythro-octadecane-2,3-diol is the almost only alcoholic component. The acidic components are even- and odd-numbered fatty acids with a chain length of C6-C19. The depot fat investigated simultaneously is shown to be a mixture of triglycerides of usual composition.
Chemotaxonomically the pheasant is a typical member of the 18th order of the natural system.
Die Bürzeldrüsenlipide des Rebhuhns (Perdix perdix) / The Uropygial Gland Fat of the Partridge (Perdix perdix)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Grimmer Gernot 
Published: February 2015

The uropygial (preen) gland fat of the partridge (Perdix perdix) is a mixture of diester waxes of which even- and odd-numbered fatty acids with a chain length of C9-C20 are shown to be the acidic component. On the other hand erythro-n-alkanediols (2,3) with a chain length of C12 - C23 are the alcoholic components of the waxes.
The simultaneously investigated depot fat is a mixture of triglycerides with usual composition.
Chemotaxonomically the partridge is a typical member of the 18th order (galliformes) of the natural system.
Über den Einfluß von 4-Hydroxypentenal auf den Gehalt proteingebundener und nicht-proteingebundener SH-Gruppen in Normal- und Tumorzellen
Authors: Rindler R. , Schauenstein E. 
Published: February 2015

Es wird der Gehalt nativer Schnittpräparate von Leber und Niere gesunder Ratten sowie einer Reihe transplantabler Tiertumoren an proteingebundenen SH-Gruppen (PSH) und nicht-protein-gebundenen SH-Gruppen (NPSH) quantitativ bestimmt, und zwar nach Inkubation in isotoner NaCl- und isotoner 5·10-3 ᴍ Lösung von 4-Hydroxypentenal (ΗΡΕ). Es ergab sich folgendes:
1. Die Leber weist den höchsten Gehalt an NPSH auf, in den NPSH-Gehalten der übrigen Präparate zeigen sich keine aufschlußreichen Unterschiede.
2. Das gleiche wird für die SH-Gehalte der löslichen Proteine (PSH) gefunden.
3. Nach Einwirkung von ΗΡΕ sinkt der NPSH-Gehalt der Leber auf ca. 19% der Kontrollen, der aller übrigen Präparate auf Null ab.
4. Die durch ΗΡΕ bewirkte Abnahme der PSH-Werte dagegen steht offenbar in einem quantitativen Zusammenhang mit den bei den verschiedenen Präparaten außerdem festgestellten Atmungshemmwerten. Die PSH-Abnahme beträgt bei der Leber nur ca. 1% und die Atmungshemmung ist praktisch Null; es folgen Niere und Yoshida-Sarkom, schließlich zeigen das Ehrlich-Ascites-Carcinom, Stamm Heidelberg und London sowie Sarkom 180 und Lymphosarkom NK/Ly die höchsten PSH-Verluste (40 bis 50%) und praktisch 100-proz. Atmungshemmung.
Der Chemismus der Reaktion zwischen ΗΡΕ und SH-Gruppen wird interpretiert und eine mögliche Schutzfunktion der NPSH gegenüber ΗΡΕ erwähnt.
Die Hydratation von Carboxyl-Gruppen in Ionenaustauscherharzen Eine dielektrische Untersuchung / The Hydration of Carboxylic Acid Groups in Ion Exchange Resins A Dielectric Investigation
Authors: Bunzl K. , Sansoni B. 
Published: February 2015

The hydration of carboxylic acid groups in ion exchange resins was studied by means of dielectric measurements. For three resins carrying carboxylic groups with quite different pK-values the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss were measured as a function of frequency, water content, and temperature. A comparison of their behaviour showed that the observed dielectric dispersion is due to a Maxwell-Wagner mechanism. In the course of the water adsorption the resin with very weak carboxylic acid groups exhibited a discontinuity of the dielectric constant, if one molecule of water was attached to two carboxylic groups. This can be explained by assuming that the carboxylic groups which are connected by hydrogen bonds in the dry state begin to dissociate at the above mentioned water content. As a consequence, the formation of H5O2⊕-complexes becomes possible. The corresponding increase of the proton mobility leads to the observed Maxwell-Wagner effects. Hydration structures of the carboxylic acid groups below and above this critical water content are proposed.
In the case of the two other resins with higher acidity of the carboxyl groups no discontinuity during water sorption could be observed. The mobility of the proton and hence the Maxwell-Wagner effects could thus be observed at much lower water contents.
The appreciable differences in the shapes of the corresponding wateradsorption isotherms are in agreement with conclusions from the dielectric measurements.
Comparison of the Influence of Spermidine and Monovalent Salts on RNA Synthesis
Authors: Petersen Eiko E. , Kröger Hans 
Published: February 2015

The influence of spermidine and salts on the RNA synthesis was compared.
1. Spermidine as well as salts stimulate the RNA synthesis, catalyzed by the RNA nucleotidyltransferase and directed by native, double-stranded calf thymus DNA.
2. However, for maximal synthesis both are necessary, because salts prevent the precipitation of the DNA at optimal spermidine concentration (10 mm).
3. Spermidine stimulates the RNA synthesis by creating new RNA chains. On the contrary salts stimulate the RNA synthesis by elongation of the RNA chains.
4. The inhibition of the RNA synthesis by rifampicine, added 5 min after the start of the RNA synthesis, is strongly intensified in the presence of spermidine or high salt concentrations.
Die Beziehung zwischen Absorption und Streuung von Zellsuspensionen und den optischen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Zelle
Authors: Hagemeister Volker 
Published: February 2015

Es werden hier die Kubelka-Munk- Gleichungen, die von vielen Autoren zur Berechnung der Lichtverteilung in streuenden und absorbierenden Medien benutzt werden, aus allgemeinen Transportgleichungen hergeleitet. Dabei wird gezeigt: 1. unter welchen Bedingungen die Kubelka-Munk -Gleichungen gültig sind, und 2. welche Bedeutung die in diesen Gleichungen enthaltenen Parameter „Absorption“ und „Streuung“ haben.
Insbesondere wird der Zusammenhang zwischen den optischen Eigenschaften der Gesamtheit vieler kleiner Teilchen und der Absorption und Streuung des einzelnen Teilchens diskutiert. Über diesen Zusammenhang, der für die „in vivo“-Spektroskopie sehr bedeutsam ist, herrscht vielfach Unklarheit.
Untersuchungen zur endogenen Bildung von polycyclisdien Kohlenwasserstoffen in höheren Pflanzen / Investigation of Biosynthetic Formation of Polycyclic Hydrocarbons in Higher Plants
Authors: Grimmer Gernot , Düvel Dietrich 
Published: February 2015

Salad, soybeans, rye and tobacco plants, grown on field in the open air or in greenhouses contain benzo (e) pyrene, benzo (a) pyrene, perylene, anthanthrene, benzo (ghi) perylene, dibenzo (a,h) anthracene, and coronene through air pollution. Plants of the same seeds, grown in a special room with air supply by filter-combination (cellulose filter + filtering charcoal + special filters) and with air lock for personnel (changed clothes) show non of the polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Under these conditions, it is not possible to find any hints at biosynthesis of the above mentioned polycyclic hydrocarbons.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften des Coenzymanalogen Nicotinamid-4-methyl-5-acetyl-imidazol-dinucleotid
Authors: Woenckhaus C. , Kaleja R. , Heik P. 
Published: February 2015

Kondensation des Quecksilbersalzes von 4-Methyl-5-acetyl-imidazol ** mit 1-Chlor-2.3.5-O-tribenzoyl-ribofuranose liefert das geschützte Ribosid 3. Zur Strukturaufklärung der Verbindung wurde 4-Methyl-5-acetyl-1-(β-D-0-2′.3′.5′-triacetyl-ribofuranosyl)-imidazol mit Methyljodid in das 3.4-Dimethyl-5-acetyl-1-(β-D-O-2′.3′.5′-triacetyl-ribofuranosyl)-imidazoliumjodid überführt und der Zuckerrest hydrolytisch gespalten. Das entstandene Imidazol-Derivat ist identisch mit 1.5-Dimethyl-4-acetyl-imidazol. 4-Methyl-5-acetyl-1- (β-D-ribofuranosyl) -imidazol wurde mit Aceton in das Isopropyliden-Derivat 4 überführt. Die Phosphorylierung zum Nucleosid-5′-phosphat (5) führten wir mit β-Cyanäthyl-phosphat durch. Durch Kondensation mit Nicotinamid-mononucleotid erhielten wir das Coenzymanaloge Nicotinamid-4-methyl-5-acetyl-imidazol-dinucleotid (6). Die Verbindung liegt im oxydierten Zustand in gefaltener Form vor. Das Fluoreszenz-Anregungsspektrum der Dihydroverbindung zeigt keine Energieübertragung vom nichtfunktionellen 4-Methyl-5-acetyl-imidazol-Teil auf den Dihydronicotinamid-Ring. Das Coenzymanaloge weist eine größere Michaelis- Konstante im Test mit Lactat-Dehydrogenase aus Schweineherz *** auf als das natürliche Nicotinamid-adenindinucleotid ***. Die maximale Umsatzzahl ist trotz der schwächeren Bindung vergrößert. Das unterschiedliche Verhalten des Coenzymanalogen 6 gegenüber NAD läßt, neben der π-Bindung des nichtfunktionellen Teils, eine polare Gruppe im aktiven Zentrum des Enzyms vermuten, die die Ausrichtung des Coenzyms im Coenzym-Enzym-Komplex bewirkt.
Dihydronicotinamid-4-methyl-5-acetyl-imidazol-dinucleotid bildet einen fluoreszierenden Komplex mit der Lactat-Dehydrogenase, der dem des NADH-LDH-Komplexes sehr ähnlich ist.
Zur Biosynthese der ᴅ-Aldgarose II / Biosynthesis of ᴅ-Aldgarose II
Authors: Schmid Rolf , Grisebach Hans 
Published: February 2015

The incorporation of pyruvate-[2-14C] into the sugars of aldgamycin E in normal fermentations and in resting cell cultures of S. lavendulae was compared. The extent of incorporation of radioactivity into the hydroxyethyl branch of D-aldgarose (3,1′-O-carbo-4,6-dideoxy-3-C-[1′-hydroxyethyl]-D-ribo-hexose) was about the same in both cases (44 - 45% of the radioactivity in aldgarose). With D-glucose-[U-14C] as a precursor the radioactivity was evenly distributed in the hexose chain of aldgarose and D-mycinose (6-deoxy-2,3-O-methyl-D-allose), whereas the incorporation into the hydroxyethyl branch [C-(1′)-C-(2′)] of aldgarose was negligible.
Radioactivity from L-ethionine-[ethyl-14C] was not incorporated to a significant extent into C-(1′)-C-(2′) of aldgarose. Experiments with bicarbonate-[14C] indicate that the cyclic carbonate of aldgarose originates from a carboxylation reaction. The results of experiments with oxythiamine, pyrithiamine, bisulfite, and fluoropyruvate did not allow any conclusion on the possible participation of hydroxyethylthiamine-pyrophosphate in the biosynthesis of aldgarose.
On the Nature of the Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Interaction
Authors: Jaenicke Rainer , Pavlíček Zdenek 
Published: February 2015

The interactions between human haptoglobin, Hp II (genetic types 2 - 1 and 2-2), and bovine hemoglobin, Hb, were investigated taking inhibition of complex formation and complex dissociation in various solvent media as criteria.
As shown by relative peroxidase activity and gel chromatography, complex dissociation occurs at high concentrations of guanidine HCl, urea, sodium chloride, dioxane, and formaldehyde, while in case of sodium dodecylsulfate a low molar ratio (SDS/Hb -Hp<5) is sufficient to split the complex. In general the formation of the complex stabilizes the structure of its constituents.
Excluding solvent conditions which lead to denaturation (as measured by optical rotation), ionpairs and H-bonds seem to prevail in the stabilization of the complex, while hydrophobic interactions should be of minor importance. Chemical modification of histidine and tyrosine with diazonium-1-H-tetrazole and N-acetylimidazole, respectively, prove histidyl-groups in Hb and tyrosylgroups in Hp to participate in the Hb-Hp contact, thus confirming earlier results.
14N-Kernresonanzmessungen an Isonitril- und Nitril-Metallkomplexen
Authors: Becker W. , Beck W. , Rieck R. 
Published: February 2015

14N chemical shifts are reported for nitriles, isocyanides and complexes with nitriles, isocyanides, and isohydrocyanic acid.
The correlation of the 14N coordination shifts with the metal-ligand back bonding as known from IR-investigations is discussed.
While pi bonding seems to be insignificant in isocyanide complexes with metal cations, such as Fe2⊕, 14N-NMR measurements suggest an increase of pi bond order on going from isocyanide carbonyl complexes to compounds in which isonitriles are the only ligands bound to zerovalent metals
Substituierte 2-Chloracetessigsäureanilide und ihre Metallchelate / Substituted 2-chloroacetoacetanilides and their metal chelates
Authors: Kettrup A. , Abshagen J. 
Published: February 2015

The preparation of 2-chloroacetoacetanilides and the preparation of their metal chelates is described.
The dissociation constants of the chelating agents and the stability constants of the copper chelates were determined by potentiometric pH-measurements
Studies in Niobium (V) - Schiff Base Complexes
Authors: Prashar P. , Tandon J. P. 
Published: February 2015

A number of new niobium (V) - Schiff base complexes of the type Nb (SB) x (OPri) 5 - 2x and Nb(SB)2(SBH) (where SB2⊖ and SBH⊖ are anions of the Schiff bases and x =1 or 2) have been synthesised by the interaction of niobium pentaisopropoxide with the Schiff bases in different stoichiometric ratios. The molecular weight determinations and IR studies of a few derivatives have also been carried out.
Scanty references are available in the literature regarding the Schiff base complexes of niobium (V) and tantalum (V) 1, 2 and such derivatives have been prepared from the corresponding metal chlorides and the Schiff bases. In a series of papers published earlier 3, 4, a more convenient method, for the synthesis of such derivatives, by the interaction of metal alkoxides with the Schiff bases in anhydrous benzene medium, has been reported. The present paper describes the synthesis of several new niobium (V) derivatives with the Schiff bases derived from the condensation of salicylaldehyde or o-hydroxyacetophenone with n-hydroxyalkylamines.
Bestimmung der Strahlenwirkung auf die Thymidinkinaseaktivität innerhalb eines Zellzyklus synchroner Chlorella / Determination of Irradiation Effects on the Thymidine Kinase Activities Within a Cell-Cycle of Synchronously Growing Chlorella
Authors: Cabela E. , Altmann H. 
Published: February 2015

Ingestigations on the thymidine kinase activities within a cell-cycle of synchronously growing Chlorella cells showed a marked increase of the enzyme-activity towards the end of the DNA-reduplication.
Immediately after γ-irradiation with doses of 15 krad and 35 krad, no significant changes in activity could be found; three hours after irradiation a remarkable decrease of the enzyme-activity was observed.
Chemiluminescence from the Action of Singlet Oxygen (1Δg) on Chlorophyll a and some other Luminescing Substances
Authors: Stauff J. , Fuhr H. 
Published: February 2015

In systems containing singlet-oxygen and aromatic fluorescers energy transfer from singletoxygen dimers to the dye should be observable by emission of the fluorescer. In order to prove this hypothesis, externally generated singlet-oxygen (1Δg) was bubbled through the solutions of dyes (chlorophyll a, eosin y, rhodamine b, luminol, rubrene and acridine orange) in organic solvents.
Luminescence could be observed and its spectral distribution analyzed by sharp cut-off filters and interference filters (rubrene) . Spectra, rates of oxidation, addition of quenchers and the long lasting time dependence of the reported reactions lead to the conclusion that the observed afterglow is due to chemical oxidation mechanisms producing a chemiluminescence. Therefore an excitation of the substances investigated in these experiments by simple physical energy transfer seems not to be predominant.
Zum Mechanismus der Chelatbildung von Ni2⊕-ionen mit α- und β-Hydroxyglutarsäure / Formation Mechanism of Ni- (II) -α- and -β-hydroxyglutarate-Complexes
Authors: Hoffmann Η. , Nickel U. 
Published: February 2015

The kinetics of the formation and dissociation of Ni- (II) -complexes of glutarate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, and 3-hydroxyglutarate were investigated by a pressure jump method. The sequence of the steps in the chelation process for the ligands 2- and 3-hydroxyglutarate, respectively, were evaluated and the rate constants for the specific steps were determined.
The results show the chelation to start with formation of a Ni-carboxylate bond and to end with the coordination of the hydroxyl group. In both systems the rate determining step in the chelation process is the ring closure and not the formation of the first bond.
Antibodies to Chlorophyll and their Reactions with Chloroplast Preparations
Authors: Radunz Alfons , Schmid Georg H. , Menke Wilhelm 
Published: February 2015

Antibodies to chlorophyll are specifically adsorbed onto the membrane surface of thylakoids. The antibodies inhibit photosynthetic electron flow from water to NADP⊕. This inhibition is presumably caused by adsorption of the antibodies onto the centre chlorophyll of light reaction II. Fragments of the thylakoid membrane, obtained by ultrasonication and subsequent fractioning centrifugation, exhibit only photosystem-I activity. Conversely, the specific adsorption of antibodies to sensitizer chlorophyll has no inhibitory effect on electron transport. The ferricyanide Hill reaction of chloroplast preparations is inhibited by chlorophyll antibodies. From these observations it is concluded that the centre chlorophyll of light reaction II and at least part of the sensitizer chlorophyll is located on the surface of the thylakoids. As agglutination is sterically inhibited by the membrane protein, it is assumed that the chlorophyll is located in gaps or pores of the protein layer.
Two fractions of the lamellar system exhibit photosystem I activity of different characteristic electron donor specificity. These fractions can be further distinguished in terms of their circular dichroism and protein composition.
Augenfarbmutationen bei der Stechmücke Culex pipiens L. — ihre chemische und genetische Ursache / Genetics and Chemistry of Eye Colour Mutations of the Mosquito Culex pipiens L.
Authors: Dennhöfer Ulrich 
Published: February 2015

Investigations were made at the wild type and three eye colour mutants of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. The mutants are: “rot” (“r”, red eyes, sex linked, recessive), “weiss” (“w”, white eyes, sex linked, recessive), “ruby” (“ru” dark-red eyes, autosomal, recessive). By mendelian crossings, it could be shown, that “weiss” is epistatic over “ruby” and “rot”, “rot” is epistatic over “ruby”. “rot” and “weiss” are cell-autonomous mutants. In the wild type, two main substances could be identified. One seems to be an ommochrome, the other one a pterin (sepiapterin 1). The most important component is the ommochrome.
In the eyes of “rot” animals the same two main substances could be identified, but there are obviously quantitative differences. More ommochrome and less pterin is formed.
In the eyes of “weiss” animals no colour substances or their precursors could be detected.
Only the eye pigments of the mutant “ruby” of Culex seem to be analogous to the mutant “brown” of Drosophila, both showing the same paperchromatographical pattern and the same spectrophotometric behaviour.
Putrescine and Spermidine Changes in Heat-synchronized Tetrahymena Populations
Authors: Holm Boris , Heby Olle 
Published: February 2015

Putrescine and spermidine were the dominant polyamines in Tetrahymena cells. Spermine was present only in very small amounts. Changes in the amount of putrescine during and after the synchronizing heat treatment followed a definite quantitative pattern. Changes in the amount of spermidine were similar, though not so pronounced.
The changes may be due to a varied influx of polyamines into the cells. Moreover, the exchange of polyamines between the cells and the culture medium must be specifically regulated since there seems to be a relatively greater accumulation of spermidine than of putrescine in the cells, and since spermine was almost excluded from the cells.
Über Reaktionen organischer Radikale mit Palladium- und Platinkomplexen / Reactions of Organic Radicals with Palladium and Platinum Complexes
Authors: Beck W. , Schorpp K. , Stetter K. H. 
Published: February 2015

Preparation, IR- and EPR-spectra of paramagnetic dichloro-porphyrexid-palladium(II) from porphyrexid and sodium-tetrachloropalladate are reported.
The reaction of organic radicals with tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) platinum (O) provides a new type of oxydative addition. Treatment of Pt (PPh3)4 with 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl yielded diphenylamido-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-bis (triphenylphosphine) platinum (II). Dibenzoylperoxide yielded cis-dibenzoato-bis (triphenylphosphine) platinum (II), whereas with diaryl- and dialkylnitrogenoxide and tetraarylhydrazine no reaction was observed.