bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of dysbiosis in oropharyngeal and gut microbiota on systemic inflammatory response and short-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke with preceding infection
Authors: He Qiuxing , Li Guoshun , Zhao Jiasheng , Zhu Huishan , Mo Huanhao , Xiong Zhanshi , Zhao Zhan , Chen Jingyi , Ning Weimin 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundStroke is a devastating disease and ranks as the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Several studies have shown that preceding infection (PI) of upper respiratory tract are strongly associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the clinical implications and underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to compare the structural characteristics of oropharyngeal and gut microbiota in AIS patients with or without PI and normal controls (NCs; 30 cases each), and systemic inflammatory markers were detected to explore the relationship between upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and subsequent stroke severity and functional outcome and the potential mechanism.ResultsWe found that patients with AIS-PI exhibited elevated serum WBC, NE, CRP, and Hcy levels, as well as a higher 90-day mRS score. Oropharyngeal and gut microbiota analysis showed that AIS and AIS-PI patients exhibited increased microbial richness in sequence. Principal coordinate analysis of the microbiota demonstrated significant differences in microbiota composition among the three groups. In AIS-PI patients, Megamonas, Megasphaera, Ruminococcaceae UCG 004, Rothia, and Streptococcus were significantly enriched in the gut. Opportunistic pathogens, including Thermus, uncultured Veillonella sp., and Oribacterium sinu, were found to be significantly enriched in the oropharynx. The dysregulated microbiota were positively correlated with systemic inflammatory markers, stroke severity, and poor prognosis. In contrast, short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria Eisenbergiella, bacterium NLAE, Fusicatenibacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Faecalibacterium were enriched in NCs. Their abundances were negatively correlated with systemic inflammatory markers, stroke severity and poor prognosis.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PIs of the upper respiratory tract may contribute to poor short-term functional outcome in AIS patients by causing disturbance of the oropharyngeal and gut microbiota and promoting elevated systemic inflammation levels.
Whole exome sequencing identifies genetic markers of enterovirus susceptibility in East Asians
Authors: Sung Chia-Cheng , Luxton G. W. Gant , Hung Kuo-Sheng , Wu Yung-Fu , Wang Chih-Chien , Hsu Chih-Sin , Hu Chih-Fen 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionFollowing acute enterovirus (EV) infection, outcomes vary based on factors like the immune response, viral cell entry receptor expression levels, tissue tropism, and genetic factors of both the host and virus. While most individuals exhibit mild, self-limited symptoms, others may suffer severe complications or prolonged infections that can lead to autoimmune disorders.MethodsTo elucidate host responses to EV infection, we performed whole exome sequencing on blood samples from both infected and uninfected individuals. Our initial focus was on genes encoding EV entry receptors—PSGL-1, SCARB2, and ANAXA2 for EV-A71, and CD155 for poliovirus—and on host genes ACBD3 and PI4KΒ, crucial for EV replication.ResultsAlthough no specific genetic variants directly associated with EV infection were identified, we discovered 118 variants across 116 genes enriched in East Asian populations through multi-layered variant filtering. These variants were further analyzed for their potential impacts on organs, biological processes, and molecular pathways. Phenome-wide association studies were conducted to refine our understanding of their contributions to EV infection susceptibility.DiscussionOur findings aim to develop a predictive panel based on these 118 variants, which could help susceptible individuals during EV outbreaks, guiding targeted clinical interventions and preventative strategies.
Longevity in the South Carolina Alzheimer’s disease registry
Authors: Miller Maggi C. , Mishio Bawa Eric , Absher John R. , Bonilha Leonard , Ross Lesley A. , Chai Hye Won , Milano Nicholas J. , Adams Robert J. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundSouth Carolina has arguably the most robust Alzheimer’s Registry in the United States. For enhanced planning in both clinical practice and research and better utilization of the Registry data, it is important to understand survival after Registry entry. To this end, we conducted exploratory analyses to examine the patterns of longevity/survival in the South Carolina Alzheimer’s Disease Registry.MethodsThe sample included 42,028 individuals in the South Carolina Alzheimer’s Disease Registry (SCADR). Participants were grouped into four cohorts based on their year of diagnosis. Longevity in the Registry (LIR), or the length of survival in the registry, was calculated based on the years of reported diagnosis and death.ResultsThe median LIR varied between 24 to 36 months depending on the cohort, with 75% of individuals in the three recent cohorts surviving for at least 12 months. Across all cohorts, 25% of the participants survived at least 60 months. The median LIR of females was longer than that of males. Individuals whose race was classified as Asian, American Indian, and other than listed had longer LIR compared to White, African American, and Hispanic individuals. Median LIR was shorter for Registry cases diagnosed at an earlier age (less than 65 years).ConclusionOur data indicate that significant longevity is to be expected in the SCADR but that there is interesting variability which needs to be explored in subsequent studies. The SCADR is a rich data source prime for use in research studies and analyses.
The European Larynx Organ Preservation Study [MK-3475-C44]
Authors: Wichmann Gunnar , Wald Theresa , Pirlich Markus , Napp Joanna , Münter Ina , Asendorf Thomas , Tostmann Ralf , Vogt Jeannette , Vogel Kathrin , Meuret Sylvia , Stoehr Matthaeus , Zebralla Veit , Nicolay Nils Henrik , Kuhnt Thomas , Hambsch Peter , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando , Klußmann Jens Peter , Wiegand Susanne , Dietz Andreas 
Published: August 2024

The European Larynx Organ Preservation Study (ELOS; NCT06137378) is a prospective, randomized, open-label, two-armed parallel group controlled, phase II multicenter larynx organ preservation (LOP) trial in locoregionally advanced (LA) stage III, IVA/B head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx (LHSCC) amenable for total laryngectomy (TL) with PD-L1 expression within tumor tissue biopsy, calculated as CPS ≥ 1. Induction chemotherapy (IC) with docetaxel and cisplatin (TP) followed by radiation will be compared to TP plus PD-1 inhibition by pembrolizumab (MK-3475; 200 mg i.v. starting day 1 q3w for 17 cycles). After a short induction early response evaluation (ERE) 21 ± 3 days after the first cycle of IC (IC-1), responders achieving endoscopic estimated tumor surface shrinkage (ETSS) ≥30% will get an additional two cycles of IC followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy 70–72 Gy (EQD2/α/β = 10) aiming at LOP. Nonresponders (ETSS &lt; 30% or progressing disease) will receive TL and bilateral neck dissection followed by postoperative radiation or chemoradiation as recommended by the clinic’s multidisciplinary tumor board. Pembrolizumab treatment will be continued in the intervention arm regardless of ETSS status after IC-1 in both responders and laryngectomized nonresponders, independent of subsequent decisions on adjuvant therapy after TL.Clinical Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT06137378.
Comprehensive hepatotoxicity prediction: ensemble model integrating machine learning and deep learning
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zafar Irshad , Ren Jia-Nan , Cao Cheng , Ye Hong-Yu-Xiang , Wang Hao , Guo Ya-Min , Yang Jin-Rong , Chen Jian-Zhong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChemicals may lead to acute liver injuries, posing a serious threat to human health. Achieving the precise safety profile of a compound is challenging due to the complex and expensive testing procedures. In silico approaches will aid in identifying the potential risk of drug candidates in the initial stage of drug development and thus mitigating the developmental cost.MethodsIn current studies, QSAR models were developed for hepatotoxicity predictions using the ensemble strategy to integrate machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms using various molecular features. A large dataset of 2588 chemicals and drugs was randomly divided into training (80%) and test (20%) sets, followed by the training of individual base models using diverse machine learning or deep learning based on three different kinds of descriptors and fingerprints. Feature selection approaches were employed to proceed with model optimizations based on the model performance. Hybrid ensemble approaches were further utilized to determine the method with the best performance.ResultsThe voting ensemble classifier emerged as the optimal model, achieving an excellent prediction accuracy of 80.26%, AUC of 82.84%, and recall of over 93% followed by bagging and stacking ensemble classifiers method. The model was further verified by an external test set, internal 10-fold cross-validation, and rigorous benchmark training, exhibiting much better reliability than the published models.ConclusionThe proposed ensemble model offers a dependable assessment with a good performance for the prediction regarding the risk of chemicals and drugs to induce liver damage.
Beneficial effects of rapamycin on endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kim Hyoseon , Massett Michael P. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEndothelial function is significantly impaired in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls. Elevated activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is reported in humans and mice with SLE. However, it is unclear if elevated mTORC1 in SLE contributes to impaired mitophagy and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inhibiting mTORC1 with rapamycin would increase mitophagy and attenuate endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory responses in SLE.MethodsNine-week-old female lupus-prone (MRL/lpr) and healthy control (MRL/MpJ) mice were randomly assigned into rapamycin treatment (lpr_Rapamycin and MpJ_Rapamycin) or control (lpr_Control and MpJ_Control) groups. Rapamycin was injected i.p. 3 days per week for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were measured in thoracic aortas using a wire myograph.ResultsMTORC1 activity was increased in aorta from lpr mice as demonstrated by increased phosphorylation of s6rp and p70s6k and significantly inhibited by rapamycin (s6rp, p &lt; 0.0001, p70s6k, p = 0.04, respectively). Maximal responses to Ach were significantly impaired in lpr_Control (51.7% ± 6.6%) compared to MpJ_Control (86.7% ± 3.6%) (p &lt; 0.0001). Rapamycin prevented endothelial dysfunction in the thoracic aorta from lupus mice (lpr_Rapamycin) (79.6% ± 4.2%) compared to lpr_Control (p = 0.002). Maximal responses to SNP were not different across groups. Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase also was 42% lower in lpr_Control than MpJ_Control and 46% higher in lpr_Rapamycin than lpr_Control. The inflammatory marker, vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (Vcam 1), was elevated in aorta from lupus mice compared with healthy mice (p = 0.001), and significantly reduced with Rapamycin treatment (p = 0.0021). Mitophagy markers were higher in lupus mice and reduced by rapamycin treatment, suggesting altered mitophagy in lpr mice.ConclusionCollectively, these results demonstrate the beneficial effects of inhibiting mTORC1 on endothelial function in SLE mice and suggest inflammation and altered mitophagy contribute to endothelial dysfunction in SLE.
Magnitude and determinants of gender-based violence among female students in Ethiopian higher educational institutions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tadesse Gebresilassie , Tinsae Techilo , Nakie Girum , Rtbey Gidey , Andualem Fantahun , Kelebie Mulualem , Kibralew Getasew , Tadesse Abate Asnake , Shumet Shegaye , Melkam Mamaru , Fentahun Setegn 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMany adolescents are vulnerable to gender-based violence, and it is a major public health issue. Even though the burden of gender-based violence is still high in Ethiopia, there is a lack of summary information to address the problem. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled magnitude and factors associated with gender-based violence among female students in Ethiopian higher educational institutions.MethodsThe primary articles were searched using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and African Journal Online. Articles that assessed the magnitude and factors associated with GBV among female students in Ethiopia were included. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to extract the data, which was then exported to Stata version 14 for further analysis. The statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2test. Due to heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was employed. Publication bias was checked through Egger’s weighted regression test and funnel plot.ResultsThis study included twenty-five primary studies with 13,013 participants. The prevalence of lifetime GBV (n = 7), sexual violence (n = 25), and physical violence (n = 7) was found to be 51.42% (42.38, 60.46), 46.53% (39.86, 53.21), and 37.93% (24.68, 51.18), respectively. Witnessing their mother’s abuse by their father during childhood, a lack of open discussion in the family about reproductive health and related personal issues, alcohol consumption, and tight family control were some of the factors significantly associated with lifetime gender-based violence. Furthermore, those who had drunken friends, a regular boyfriend, multiple sexual partners, and chat chewing were factors significantly associated with lifetime sexual violence.Conclusions and recommendationsOur findings revealed that half of female students at higher institutions suffered from violence. So it is recommended to provide accessible information about the consequences of GBV and early intervention for students with the above factors.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023494760.
Role of intergenerational connections in cognitive aging: Evidence from a Chinese longitudinal study
Authors: Hu Shanshan , Ge Jingjing , Fang Minglei , Yang Jingjing 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the impact of intergenerational connections on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults (45–60 years and over 60 years, respectively) and analyze the urban–rural and sex differences in the effects of intergenerational connections on cognitive function.MethodBased on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study data (CHARLS), this study conducted ID matching for four waves of data from 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018. Cognitive function was measured via Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m), word recall, and imitation drawing. Using a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal research, we constructed the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) with a sample of 1,480 participants to explore the relationship between intergenerational connections and cognitive function.ResultsThis study examines the impact of intergenerational connections on cognitive function in middle-aged (45–60 years) and older adults (over 60 years) using data from the CHARLS. It identifies urban–rural and sex differences, with notable effects among rural female participants. The frequency of meeting with one child negatively predicts cognitive function (β = −0.040, p = 0.041), and the frequency of communication with one child positively predicts cognitive function (β = 0.102, 0.068, 0.041, p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.001, 0.045). Meanwhile, intergenerational connections with multiple children positively predicts cognitive function (β = 0.044, p = 0.031), (β = 0.128, 0.084, and 0.056, p &lt; 0.001, 0.001, p = 0.008). There are urban–rural and sex differences in the effects of intergenerational connections on cognitive function; additionally, the effects of intergenerational connections on cognitive function are significant in rural female middle-aged and older adults.DiscussionThis study proposes the theory of skewed intergenerational support, which suggests that as middle-aged and older adults age, the responsibility for intergenerational support is skewed toward one child. This leads to conflicts between middle-aged and older parents and the child, which further affects cognitive function. In addition, this study put forward the boat-carrying theory of intergenerational relations and “to hold a bowl of water level” is the art of dealing with intergenerational relationships.
Combining satellite images with national forest inventory measurements for monitoring post-disturbance forest height growth
Authors: Pellissier-Tanon Agnès , Ciais Philippe , Schwartz Martin , Fayad Ibrahim , Xu Yidi , Ritter François , de Truchis Aurélien , Leban Jean-Michel 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: The knowledge about forest growth, influenced by factors such as tree species, tree age, and environmental conditions, is a key for future forest preservation. Height and age data can be combined to describe forest growth and used to infer known environmental effects.Methods: In this study, we built 14 height growth curves for stands composed of monospecific or mixed species using ground measurements and satellite data. We built a random forest height model from tree species, age, area of disturbance, and 125 environmental parameters (climate, altitude, soil composition, geology, stand ownership, and proximity to road and urban areas). Using feature elimination and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis, we identified six key features explaining the forest growth and investigated how they affect the height.Results: The agreement between satellite and ground data justifies their simultaneous exploitation. Age and tree species are the main predictors of tree height (49% and 10%, respectively). The disturbed patch area, revealing the regeneration method, impacts post-disturbance growth at 19%. The soil pH, altitude, and climatic water budget in summer impact tree height differently depending on the age and tree species.Discussion: Methods integrating satellite and field data show promise for analyzing future forest evolution.
Pengaruh Penyuluhan Cara Menyikat Gigi dengan Metode Ceramah dan Simulasi Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Siswa SD Negeri 4 Babahan Tahun 2024
Authors: Nuratni Ni Ketut , Agung Anak Agung Gede , Artawa I Made Budi 
Published: August 2024

Dental and Oral Health is a condition where the oral cavity including the teeth and also the supporting tissue structure is free from disease and can function optimally. Efforts to increase knowledge can be through health counseling. Counseling with various targets that are more focused on vulnerable groups of school children. The aim of this research is to to find out the effect of counseling on how to brush teeth using lecture and simulation methods on increasing the knowledge and skills of students at SD Negeri 4 Bahanan in 2024. This type of research is Quasi-experimental with a pre and postest control group design. The data used in this study were primary and secondary data using questionnaires and observation checklists. The results of the study obtained an average level of knowledge before being given counseling of 71.89 with sufficient criteria and increased after being given counseling to 90.56 with good criteria. Tooth brushing skills obtained an average before being given counseling of 67.22 with sufficient criteria and increased after being given counseling of 96 with very good criteria and the results of the influence test show that the sig value (2-tailed) = 0.00 is smaller than 0.05, then Ho is accepted. The conclusion of this research that, there is an influence of counseling on how to brush your teeth using lecture and simulation methods on increasing knowledge and skills on how to brush your teeth in class IV and V students at SD Negeri 4 Babahan in 2024 before and after being given the counseling.
THE ADVANTAGES OF MIND MAPPING IN TEACHING READING
Authors: Novianty Melisa 
Published: August 2024

Reading is an interaction between a reader and a piece of text. Reading is easy to do by some people but in fact, study about readin is difficult. Therefore, the teacher should choose one of the methods to make students interesting in reading. Therefore, this paper highlights the advamtages of mind mapping in teaching reading. As addition, in this context that reading will be used by using mind mapping then it can be designed by pictures, circles or boxs after reading the text depend on the ways of thinking and the creativity in create it.
IMPACTO DAS NOVAS TERAPIAS DE DISPOSITIVOS NO TRATAMENTO DA INSUFICIÊNCIA CARDÍACA: MARCAPASSOS E DESFIBRILADORES
Authors: Bezerra Izabel Cecília Maia , Alencar Hugo Peixoto Lopes de , Nunes Lara Cardoso de Carvalho , Diógenes Jennifer Laura Perdiz , Almeida Camille Martins de , Mistura Vinicius Rodolfo Andrade , Chagas Sabrina Carvalho , Silva Isis Cristina Melcop de Castro e Souza , Silva Gabriele Chíxaro Bento da , Paiva Átila Castro , Ferreira Fernanda Lima , Carmo Alaíne Sttefany Martins do 
Published: August 2024

Introdução: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma condição grave que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, caracterizada pela incapacidade do coração de bombear o sangue de forma eficiente. A evolução das terapias de dispositivos, como marcapassos e desfibriladores, tem transformado significativamente o tratamento dessa condição. Esses dispositivos têm sido fundamentais na melhoria da qualidade de vida e na sobrevivência dos pacientes com IC. Marcapassos modernos e desfibriladores implantáveis não apenas ajudam a regular o ritmo cardíaco, mas também oferecem suporte adicional ao coração e reduzem o risco de arritmias potencialmente fatais. Objetivos: Analisar o impacto das novas terapias de dispositivos como marcapassos e desfibriladores, no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca. Materiais e Métodos: Para a obtenção de dados, foram empregados os recursos dos seguintes repositórios: Base de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), PubMed e Literatura Latino-Americana do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS). Uma variedade de fontes, incluindo artigos científicos, monografias e periódicos, foi examinada para extrair informações pertinentes sobre o assunto. Resultados e Discussões: As novas terapias de dispositivos, mostram benefícios substanciais no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, estudos recentes indicam uma redução significativa na mortalidade e nas hospitalizações relacionadas à insuficiência cardíaca, bem como melhorias na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A integração desses dispositivos na prática clínica tem permitido uma gestão mais eficaz dos sintomas e uma redução das complicações associadas. No entanto, a implementação desses dispositivos deve ser cuidadosamente avaliada em cada paciente, considerando fatores como custo, potencial de complicações e adequações clínicas. Conclusão: Em conclusão, a implementação das novas terapias de dispositivos, como marcapassos avançados e desfibriladores implantáveis, tem proporcionado avanços significativos no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca. Esses dispositivos não apenas melhoram a função cardíaca e reduzem a mortalidade, mas também elevam a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Apesar dos benefícios evidentes, é crucial considerar a individualização do tratamento e o monitoramento contínuo para maximizar os resultados. O futuro promete ainda mais inovações que poderão transformar a abordagem terapêutica e oferecer novas esperanças para os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca.