bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservation of the Pyloric Ring Confers Little Benefit in Patients Undergoing Total Pancreatectomy
Authors: Takami Hideki , Fujii Tsutomu , Kanda Mitsuro , Suenaga Masaya , Yamamura Kazuo , Kodera Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical significance of preservation of the pyloric ring in total pancreatectomy (TP) has not been elucidated.MethodsA total of 48 consecutive patients underwent TP and were categorized into two groups based on the absence or presence of pylorus resection: the TP (N = 33) and pylorus‐preserving TP (PPTP) (N = 15) groups. Preoperative patient background, intraoperative conditions, postoperative complications, and long‐term nutritional status were retrospectively compared between the two groups.ResultsPatient background was similar between the groups, with the exception of the prevalence of preoperative diabetes mellitus (55 and 20 %, respectively; p = 0.021). There were no differences between groups with respect to operative times, blood loss, or blood transfusion. The PPTP group was more likely to have postoperative delayed gastric emptying than was the TP group (53 and 21 %, respectively; p = 0.029), and it tended to become increasingly severe. The length of the postoperative fasting period was significantly longer in the PPTP group than in the TP group (mean 15 ± standard deviation [SD] 10.8 and 9 ± 9.7 days, respectively; p = 0.023). The body weights in the TP group started to recover by 1 year postoperatively, whereas those in the PPTP group continued to decrease. Serum hemoglobin levels tended to be higher in the TP group than in the PPTP group at 1 year postoperatively.ConclusionsPreservation of the pyloric ring provided little or no benefit to short‐term outcome or long‐term nutritional status among patients who underwent TP.
Gender Differences in the Effects of Community Violence on Mental Health Outcomes in a Sample of Low‐Income Youth Receiving Psychiatric Care
Authors: Javdani Shabnam , Abdul-Adil Jaleel , Suarez Liza , Nichols Sara R. , Farmer A. David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrevious research suggests that community violence impacts mental health outcomes, but much of this research has not (a) distinguished between different types of community violence, (b) examined gender differences, and (c) focused on youth living in urban poverty. The current study addresses these questions. Participants were 306 youth (23 % girls) and one parent/guardian receiving outpatient psychiatric services for disruptive behavior disorders in a large urban city. Youth and parents reported on youth's experience of different types of community violence (being a direct victim, hearing reports, and witnessing violence), and whether violence was directed toward a stranger or familiar. Outcomes included youth externalizing, internalizing, and posttraumatic stress symptoms assessed via parent and youth reports. Being a direct victim of violence accords risk for all mental health outcomes similarly for both boys and girls. However, gender differences emerged with respect to indirect violence, such that girls who hear reports of violence against people they know are at increased risk for all assessed mental health outcomes, and girls who witness violence against familiars are at increased risk for externalizing mental health symptoms in particular. There are gender differences in violence‐related mental health etiology, with implications for intervention assessment and design.
EPA Guidance Mental Health Care of Migrants
Authors: Bhugra D. , Gupta S. , Schouler-Ocak M. , Graeff-Calliess I. , Deakin N.A. , Qureshi A. , Dales J. , Moussaoui D. , Kastrup M. , Tarricone I. , Till A. , Bassi M. , Carta M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMigration is an increasingly commonplace phenomenon for a number of reasons. People migrate from rural to urban areas or across borders for reasons including economic, educational or political. There is increasing recent research evidence from many countries in Europe that indicates that migrants are more prone to certain psychiatric disorders. Because of their experiences of migration and settling down in the new countries, they may also have special needs such as lack of linguistic abilities which must be taken into account using a number of strategies at individual, local and national policy levels. In this guidance document, we briefly present the evidence and propose that specific measures must be taken to improve and manage psychiatric disorders experienced by migrants and their descendants. This improvement requires involvement at the highest level in governments. This is a guidance document and not a systematic review.
Late Miocene–Quaternary rapid stepwise uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau and its effects on climatic and environmental changes
Authors: Li Jijun , Fang Xiaomin , Song Chunhui , Pan Baotian , Ma Yuzhen , Yan Maodu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe way in which the NE Tibetan Plateau uplifted and its impact on climatic change are crucial to understanding the evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and the development of the present geomorphology and climate of Central and East Asia. This paper is not a comprehensive review of current thinking but instead synthesises our past decades of work together with a number of new findings. The dating of Late Cenozoic basin sediments and the tectonic geomorphology of the NE Tibetan Plateau demonstrates that the rapid persistent rise of this plateau began ~8 ± 1 Ma followed by stepwise accelerated rise at ~3.6 Ma, 2.6 Ma, 1.8–1.7 Ma, 1.2–0.6 Ma and 0.15 Ma. The Yellow River basin developed at ~1.7 Ma and evolved to its present pattern through stepwise backward-expansion toward its source area in response to the stepwise uplift of the plateau. High-resolution multi-climatic proxy records from the basins and terrace sediments indicate a persistent stepwise accelerated enhancement of the East Asian winter monsoon and drying of the Asian interior coupled with the episodic tectonic uplift since ~8 Ma and later also with the global cooling since ~3.2 Ma, suggesting a major role for tectonic forcing of the cooling.
Are diet and feeding behaviours associated with the onset of and recovery from slow weight gain in early infancy?
Authors: Hollén Linda I. , Din Zia ud , Jones Louise R. , Emond Alan M. , Emmett Pauline 
Published: February 2014

Infants with slow weight gain cause concern in parents and professionals, but it is difficult to be certain whether such infants are genetically small or whether their energy intake is insufficient. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of diet and feeding behaviours on slow weight gain early in infancy. The sample was 11 499 term infants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). A total of 507 cases of slow weight gain from birth to 8 weeks were identified and the remaining 10 992 infants were used as controls. It was found that infants who gained weight slowly between birth and 8 weeks were more likely to exhibit feeding problems such as weak sucking and slow feeding during this period. Feeding problems were substantially reduced during the recovery phase (8 weeks to 2 years) when these infants exhibited enhanced catch-up in weight. The proportion of mothers breast-feeding in the 4th week after birth was higher for slow weight gainers, but they were more likely to switch to formula at the start of recovery. During recovery, slow-weight gain infants had a slightly higher energy intake from formula and solids than controls. In conclusion, feeding problems seem to be the most important factors associated with the onset of early slow weight gain. Subsequently, a reduction of feeding problems and an increase in overall energy intake may contribute to their weight recovery. Health professionals should look for feeding problems in the first few weeks after birth and help mothers establish adequate feeding practices.
Effect of seaweed-derived laminarin and fucoidan and zinc oxide on gut morphology, nutrient transporters, nutrient digestibility, growth performance and selected microbial populations in weaned pigs
Authors: Heim G. , Walsh A. M. , Sweeney T. , Doyle D. N. , O'Shea C. J. , Ryan M. T. , O'Doherty J. V. 
Published: February 2014

In the present study, two experiments were conducted to (1) evaluate the effect of laminarin and/or fucoidan on ileal morphology, nutrient transporter gene expression and coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of nutrients and (2) determine whether laminarin inclusion could be used as an alternative to ZnO supplementation in weaned pig diets. Expt 1 was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising four dietary treatments (n 7 replicates, weaning age 24 d, live weight 6·9 kg). The dietary treatments were as follows: (1) basal diet; (2) basal diet+300 ppm laminarin; (3) basal diet+240 ppm fucoidan; (4) basal diet+300 ppm laminarin and 240 ppm fucoidan. There was an interaction between laminarin and fucoidan on the CTTAD of gross energy (GE) (P< 0·05) and the expression of sodium–glucose-linked transporter 1 (SGLT1/SLC5A1) and GLUT1/SLC2A1 and GLUT2/SLC2A2 (P< 0·05) in the ileum. The laminarin diet increased the CTTAD of GE and increased the expression of SGLT1, GLUT1 and GLUT2 compared with the basal diet. However, there was no effect of laminarin supplementation on these variables when combined with fucoidan. Expt 2 was designed as a complete randomised design (n 8 replicates/treatment, weaning age 24 d, live weight 7·0 kg), and the treatments were (1) basal diet, (2) basal diet and laminarin (300 ppm), and (3) basal diet and ZnO (3100 ppm, 0–14 d, and 2600 ppm, 15–32 d post-weaning). The laminarin diet increased average daily gain and gain:feed ratio compared with the basal diet during days 0–32 post-weaning (P< 0·01) and had an effect similar to the ZnO diet. These results demonstrate that laminarin provides a dietary means to improve gut health and growth performance post-weaning.
Treatment withSaccharomyces boulardiireduces the inflammation and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice
Authors: Justino Priscilla F. C. , Melo Luis F. M. , Nogueira Andre F. , Costa Jose V. G. , Silva Luara M. N. , Santos Cecila M. , Mendes Walber O. , Costa Marina R. , Franco Alvaro X. , Lima Aldo A. , Ribeiro Ronaldo A. , Souza Marcellus H. L. P. , Soares Pedro M. G. 
Published: February 2014

Intestinal mucositis is an important toxic side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment.Saccharomyces boulardiiis known to protect from intestinal injury via an effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect ofS. boulardiion intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU in a murine model. Mice were divided into saline, saline (control)+5-FU or 5-FU+S. boulardii(16 × 109colony-forming units/kg) treatment groups, and the jejunum and ileum were removed after killing of mice for the evaluation of histopathology, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and non-protein sulfhydryl group (mainly reduced glutathione; GSH), nitrite and cytokine concentrations. To determine gastric emptying, phenol red was administered orally, mice were killed 20 min after administration, and the absorbance of samples collected from the mice was measured by spectrophotometry. Intestinal permeability was measured by the urinary excretion rate of lactulose and mannitol following oral administration.S. boulardiisignificantly reversed the histopathological changes in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU and reduced the inflammatory parameters: neutrophil infiltration (control 1·73 (sem0·37) ultrastructural MPO (UMPO)/mg, 5-FU 7·37 (sem1·77) UMPO/mg and 5-FU+S. boulardii4·15 (sem0·73) UMPO/mg); nitrite concentration (control 37·00 (sem2·39) μm, 5-FU 59·04 (sem11·41) μmand 5-FU+S. boulardii37·90 (sem5·78) μm); GSH concentration (control 477·60 (sem25·25) μg/mg, 5-FU 270·90 (sem38·50) μg/mg and 5-FU+S. boulardii514·00 (sem38·64) μg/mg). Treatment with S.Boulardiisignificantly reduced the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β by 48·92 and 32·21 % in the jejunum and 38·92 and 61·79 % in the ileum. In addition,S. boulardiidecreased the concentrations of chemokine (C–X–C motif) ligand 1 by 5-fold in the jejunum and 3-fold in the ileum. Interestingly,S. boulardiireduced the delay in gastric emptying (control 25·21 (sem2·55) %, 5-FU 54·91 (sem3·43) % and 5-FU+S. boulardii31·38 (sem2·80) %) and induced the recovery of intestinal permeability (lactulose:mannitol ratio: control 0·52 (sem0·03), 5-FU 1·38 (sem0·24) and 5-FU+S. boulardii0·62 (sem0·03)). In conclusion,S. boulardiireduces the inflammation and dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract in intestinal mucositis induced by 5-FU.
Can a Chimp Say “No”?
Authors: FENTON ANDREW 
Published: February 2014

Abstract:Among the “hard cases” of captive animal research is the continued use of chimpanzees in harmful experimental science. In a recent article I contend that contemporary animal welfare science and chimpanzee behavioral studies permit, if not require, a reappraisal of the moral significance of chimpanzee dissent from participation in certain experiments. In what follows, I outline my earlier argument, provide a brief survey of some central concepts in pediatric research ethics, and use these to enrich an understanding of chimpanzee dissent useful for research ethics.
Defining Secularism in the Particular: Caste and Citizenship in India, 1909–1950
Authors: Tejani Shabnum 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDrawing on recent debates on secularism, this article addresses the methodological problem of writing histories of secularism in context. It considers the experience of India. I argue that a study of the issues from which secularism emerged historically offers a way out of the secularism-religion binary which, in India, has obscured contemporary problems related to democracy. These issues had to do with ensuring the public representation of minorities, both religious and caste, regardless of their relative size or social power. Scholarship on the minority question has begun with the constituent assembly and that on secularism centered on the category of religion. In contrast, this article argues that caste was central to the formulation of Indian secularism and requires a longer historical perspective. It maintains that secularism reified the religious minority and, in so doing, denied both its potential to overcome marginality and the legitimacy of the community in the nation.
Atomic-scale Chemical Imaging and Quantification of Metallic Alloy Structures by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Ping , Zhou Lin , Kramer M. J. , Smith David J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDetermination of atomic-scale crystal structure for nanostructured intermetallic alloys, such as magnetic alloys containing Al, Ni, Co (alnico) and Fe, is crucial for understanding physical properties such as magnetism, but technically challenging due to the small interatomic distances and the similar atomic numbers. By applying energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping to the study of two intermetallic phases of an alnico alloy resulting from spinodal decomposition, we have determined atomic-scale chemical composition at individual lattice sites for the two phases: one is the B2 phase with Fe0.76Co0.24 -Fe0.40Co0.60 ordering and the other is the L21 phase with Ni0.48Co0.52 at A-sites, Al at BΙ-sites and Fe0.20Ti0.80 at BΙΙ-sites, respectively. The technique developed through this study represents a powerful real-space approach to investigate structure chemically at the atomic scale for a wide range of materials systems.
Fully Solution-Processed Flexible Organic Thin Film Transistor Arrays with High Mobility and Exceptional Uniformity
Authors: Fukuda Kenjiro , Takeda Yasunori , Mizukami Makoto , Kumaki Daisuke , Tokito Shizuo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrinting fully solution-processed organic electronic devices may potentially revolutionize production of flexible electronics for various applications. However, difficulties in forming thin, flat, uniform films through printing techniques have been responsible for poor device performance and low yields. Here, we report on fully solution-processed organic thin-film transistor (TFT) arrays with greatly improved performance and yields, achieved by layering solution-processable materials such as silver nanoparticle inks, organic semiconductors and insulating polymers on thin plastic films. A treatment layer improves carrier injection between the source/drain electrodes and the semiconducting layer and dramatically reduces contact resistance. Furthermore, an organic semiconductor with large-crystal grains results in TFT devices with shorter channel lengths and higher field-effect mobilities. We obtained mobilities of over 1.2 cm2V−1s−1in TFT devices with channel lengths shorter than 20 μm. By combining these fabrication techniques, we built highly uniform organic TFT arrays with average mobility levels as high as 0.80 cm2V−1s−1and ideal threshold voltages of 0 V. These results represent major progress in the fabrication of fully solution-processed organic TFT device arrays.
Near Field Enhanced Photocurrent Generation in P-type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Xiaobao , Cui Jin , Han Junbo , Zhang Junpei , Zhang Yibo , Luan Lin , Alemu Getachew , Wang Zhong , Shen Yan , Xiong Dehua , Chen Wei , Wei Zhanhua , Yang Shihe , Hu Bin , Cheng Yibing , Wang Mingkui 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOver the past few decades, the field of p-type dye-sensitized solar cell (p-DSSC) devices has undergone tremendous advances, in which Cu-based delafossite nanocrystal is of prime interest. This paper presents an augment of about 87% improvement in photocurrent observed in a particular configuration of organic dye P1 sensitized CuCrO2 delafossite nanocrystal electrode coupled with organic redox shuttle, 1-methy-1H- tetrazole-5-thiolate and its disulfide dimer when Au nanoparticles (NPs, with diameter of about 20 nm) is added into the photocathode, achieving a power convert efficiency of 0.31% (measured under standard AM 1.5 G test conditions). Detailed investigation shows that the local electrical-magnetic field effect, induced by Au NPs among the mesoporous CuCrO2 film, can improve the charge injection efficiency at dye/semiconductor interface, which is responsible for the bulk of the gain in photocurrent.
Volumes of Discrete Sips From Straws of Varying Internal Diameters
Authors: Clark Heather M. , Anderson Caroline C. , Hietpas Fletcher 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
In this study, the authors examined mean volumes of discrete sips performed by healthy adults from straws varying in internal diameter.

Method
Forty healthy adults sipped water from each of 7 straws varying in internal diameter (0.65–5.00 mm). Bolus volumes associated with 3 discrete sips were recorded under each sip condition.

Results
Straw diameter had a significant effect on bolus size, with the smallest diameter straws eliciting the smallest bolus volumes. Bolus volumes did not vary according to age or sex. Considerable intersubject variation was observed, particularly for the straws with the largest diameters. Intrasubject variability across 3 trials was minimal.

Conclusions
The findings support the hypothesis that narrower straw diameters are associated with smaller bolus volumes in healthy adults. Additional study is needed to determine whether individuals with dysphagia demonstrate similar patterns of bolus size associated with straws varying in internal diameter and whether such variations have clinical benefit.
Introduction to the
AJA
Research Forum on Aging and Hearing: Mechanisms and Effects
Authors: Paglialonga Alessia , Grandori Ferdinando 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
This Research Forum, “Aging and Hearing: Mechanisms and Effects,” highlights 6 contributions presented at the 2nd International Conference on Adult Hearing Screening (AHS 2012), held in Cernobbio (Lake Como, Italy) in June 2012. Overall, the articles in this Research Forum give insight into the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of auditory dysfunctions in adults, with particular focus on their implications for screening, assessment, and intervention.
The Creation of a Comprehensive and a Brief Core Set for Hearing Loss Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Authors: Danermark Berth , Granberg Sarah , Kramer Sophia E. , Selb Melissa , Möller Claes 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
In May 2001, to integrate biological, psychological, and social aspects of human functioning, the World Health Assembly endorsed the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The aim of this article is to describe the creation of Comprehensive and Brief ICF Core Sets for Hearing Loss. The core sets consist of the most relevant ICF categories for hearing loss.

Method and Results
Four preparatory studies were carried out and presented at a consensus conference, resulting in a Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss, consisting of 117 ICF categories, and a Brief ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss, consisting of 27 categories (of the 117).

Conclusion
The Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Hearing Loss can be a user-friendly tool for conducting comprehensive, multidisciplinary assessments. The Brief ICF Core Set can be used for many purposes, such as research and population studies. However, its most common use is by individuals seeking to provide a brief description and assessment of functioning of a person with hearing loss.
Utility of Genetic Testing for the Detection of Late-Onset Hearing Loss in Neonates
Authors: Lim B. Gail , Clark Reese H. , Kelleher Amy S. , Lin Zhili , Spitzer Alan R. ,   the Pediatrix SoundGene Study Group Principal Investigators and Contributors
Published: February 2014

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the utility of molecular testing in the detection of potentially important causes of delayed hearing loss missed by current audiometric screening at birth.

Method

We enrolled infants who had received a newborn audiometric hearing screen and a filter paper blood collection for state newborn screening. A central laboratory ran the SoundGene
®
panel.

Results

Of 3,681 infants studied, 35 (0.95%) had a positive SoundGene panel, 16 had mitochondrial mutations, 9 had Pendred mutations, 5 were cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA positive, 2 had connexin mutations, and 3 had a combination of different mutations. Infants with an abnormal SoundGene panel were at increased risk for hearing loss compared to neonates without mutations. Three (8.6%) of the 35 subjects had persistent hearing loss compared to 5 (0.21%) of 2,398 subjects with no report of mutation (
p
< .01). Of 3,681 infants studied, 8 (0.22%) had persistent hearing loss: 5 (62.5%) had abnormal newborn audiometric screens, 2 (25%) had an abnormal SoundGene panel (1 was CMV positive, 1 had a mitochondrial mutation), and 1 (12.5%) had no identifiable risk factors.

Conclusion
A positive SoundGene panel identifies infants who are not identified by audiometric testing and may be at risk for hearing loss.