bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Voice
Authors: McGarry Aidan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Political Voice examines the agency of marginalised people, emphasising the processes and strategies through which different communities around the world articulate their political voices. By focusing on the political voices of marginalised groups, this timely book uncovers democratic expression and agency beyond the ballot box, examining how the articulation of political voice constitutes marginalised groups and democracy itself. Political Voice is based on the conviction that voice is necessary when people are routinely silenced and excluded. The book arrives at a crucial juncture in politics, as marginalised people around the globe rise up to challenge political regimes, institutions, embedded practices, attitudes, and laws that stigmatize and exclude certain groups. The proliferation of protests around the world in the last ten years reveal how people are demanding to be heard and refusing to remain silent, and the relationship between social movements and democracy. Political Voice is theoretically generative as it presents, for the first time, an innovative conceptualisation of political voice, one that moves beyond conventional democratic theory. To this end, it develops the concept of political voice around three elements: autonomy, representation, and constitution (ARC). ARC is then interrogated through two contemporary case studies examining the articulation of political voice of two persecuted and silenced groups: LGBTIQ/queer activism in India and Roma mobilization in Europe. This study draws on empirical research conducted in India and in Europe.
Conclusion
Authors: McGarry Aidan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter is the conclusion and outlines the lessons learned from the case studies vis-à-vis political voice. It focuses on the ARC elements and defines the relationship between political voice and autonomy, representation, and constitution. Attention is paid to the role that political voice plays for marginalised people and how it impacts democracy. The conclusion discusses some limitations of the research and points towards further research questions and ideas. The conclusion offers an overview of the key findings of the book and points to how research on political voice can yield important theoretical insights into key political issues affecting democratic societies.
On Discontents with Jerusalem’s Sanctity
Authors: Kedar Benjamin Z. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While many writings on holy places aim at understanding believers’ attitudes toward them, the present essay focuses on the discontent or even revulsion they may evoke. In India, Kabir, the 15th-century mystic and poet revered by Muslims and Hindus, stood out for his sweeping condemnation of their holy places. In Jerusalem, Isaiah denounced the sinners who offered sacrifices in the Temple and Jesus expelled the sellers and buyers from it. Pope Gregory IX, in 1238, condemned as a fraud the traditional Descent of the Holy Fire from Heaven to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. In more recent years, Jerusalem’s holy places offended the sensitivities of visitors like Mark Twain, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Theodor Herzl and George Bernard Shaw.
Introduction
Authors: della Cananea Giacinto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The introduction, first of all, briefly illustrates some well-known cases in which the courts have used general principles to solve complex disputes. Secondly, it explains the research questions that are at the heart of the book. On the one hand, are general principles about filling gaps? Or do they have a foundational role, because they give meaning to the values that are shared by European legal systems, such as respect for the rule of law and for fundamental rights? On the other hand, are there shared standards of administrative conduct, including the duty to give reasons? Are there fundamental differences with regard to non-European legal systems, such as that of China? Thirdly, and finally, it is clarified that such questions are examined through a factual analysis, based on a set of hypothetical cases, which are discussed by national experts.
Serbia
Authors: Milenković Marko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Serbia has a long tradition of codified general administrative procedure rules—the basic principles and procedural guarantees stemming from the tradition of the Austrian codification and remaining to the great extent unchanged. As a part of wider administrative reforms taking place, the new Law on General Administrative Procedure (LGAP) was adopted in 2016. Process rights are guaranteed in detail by the LGAP and by a number of sectoral laws governing different ‘special’ procedures, with distinction between general and special procedures widely found in national administrative practice and scholarly works. Following the structure of the CoCEAL questionnaire, the first part of the chapter examines the general principles of administrative action as stipulated by the Constitution and the LGAP, while the second parts bring the analysis of ten hypothetical cases and offers insights into how procedural and other rights would be protected in the Serbian legal system.
Cases
Authors: della Cananea Giacinto 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Part III is at the heart of the ‘common core’ methodology. The hypothetical cases employed in this research have been discussed with national experts in order to ascertain whether they make sense and whether they are pertinent to all the legal systems selected for comparative analysis. Our questionnaire concerns three categories of procedural requirements. There are, first of all, certain requirements pertaining to administrative adjudication, which include the right to be heard and the duty to give reasons with regard to the adoption of individual acts, such as licences and orders. Secondly, some requirements concern administration outside of adjudication. These include consulting stakeholders and citizen participation. Lastly, there is a case concerning administrative digitalization, specifically a refusal to grant access to an algorithm used by a public authority. The national reports prepare the ground for comparative analysis included in Part IV.
The Legal Relevance and Significance of Administrative Procedure Legislation
Authors: Zumbini Angela Ferrari 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses the question of whether having a code of administrative procedure actually makes a difference, so, to this end, a comparative analysis of the solutions will be carried out between countries with an Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and those without. The aim was to examine both first-generation and second-generation proceedings. More specifically, three individual proceedings were chosen, each relating to a fundamental principle of administrative procedure: the right to a hearing, access to files, and the obligation to give reasons. The selection criterion for the second-generation proceedings was the same, analysing the obligation to consult all stakeholders equally and the requirement to consult the general public. The case involving automated administrative decision-making was selected because of the striking contemporary topic of public authorities using algorithms.
Introduction
Authors: Ready Jonathan L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn analysis of the Iliad’s first verse (“Sing, goddess, the wrath of Achilles son of Peleus”) illustrates this volume’s approach: we explore each book’s themes and poetics, providing both close readings of individual passages and synthetic reviews of current scholarship. The volume concentrates on the standard text of the poem, but one can profitably juxtapose that text with early papyri of the epic, including the so-called wild papyri, and with modern oral traditional works from all over the world, from Kyrgyzstan to Senegal. Other tools, both electronic and print, help us read the poem as well.
Book 6
Authors: Doherty Lillian E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe major scenes in book 6 are the exchange of genealogies between Diomedes and Glaucus on the battlefield and the visit of Hector to Troy, including his encounters with Helen and Paris and with his wife, Andromache, and their baby son, Astyanax. Themes discussed in this chapter include the characterization of major figures (Agamemnon and Menelaus, Hector and Andromache, and Helen and Paris); life in Troy; gender ideology; and the tragic dimension of the epic, associated with the narrator’s even-handed portrayal of Greeks and Trojans. Aspects of Homeric poetics covered include the use of apparently inappropriate formulaic language and digressions involving mythic material from outside the Trojan cycle, which may be used in speeches as exempla or warnings.
Book 16
Authors: Beck Deborah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 15 ends with Hector reaching Protesilaus’s ship, intending to set it on fire. Book 16 represents a crucial turning point in the Iliad in which Patroclus goes out to fight in place of Achilles. After great success on the battlefield, including the slaying of Zeus’s son Sarpedon, Patroclus is himself killed by Hector. In the category of themes, this chapter discusses the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus, the universality of parents’ grief for their dead children, gods and their interactions with mortals, the deaths of Sarpedon and Patroclus, and death and burial. Under poetics, it discusses neoanalysis and apostrophe.
Book 17
Authors: Kozak Lynn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 17 picks up mid-battle with Menelaus’s response to Patroclus’s death as he runs to defend the body. The book’s remaining action centers on the fight over Patroclus’s body: the Achaeans strive to protect the body and get it out of the fray, while the Trojans hope to capture it for themselves. While this book contains many of the standard themes of Iliadic battle, this chapter will focus on themes related to the corpse, its affective potentials and social implications. The poetics section also starts with the corpse as a setting and how the epic’s narrative strategies and tools, from catalogues and jump-cuts to its melodramatic alignment structures, work around that setting. Finally, this chapter will discuss how the book’s melodramatic alignment structure, especially as pertains to who finds out about Patroclus’s death and when, also has clear implications for the Iliad’s book divisions.
Book 22
Authors: Purves Alex 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBook 22 recounts the death of Hector at the hands of Achilles. This is the last death in battle we see in the poem and the culmination of the Iliad’s revenge plot. Achilles chases the Hector three times around the walls of Troy, kills him with the aid of Athena, and then shows no mercy to his corpse, which he drags behind his chariot in front of his parents and wife as they watch from the walls. The book is also notable for its closing scene, which depicts Andromache learning of his death from the city walls. This chapter addresses the themes of the characterization of Hector and Achilles; heroism, shame, and pity; the Homeric body in death; lament and the female perspective on war. It explores the poetics of timing, plot, and narrative.
Losing Skills
Authors: Véliz Carissa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Might we be losing valuable expertise to AI? Will airplane pilots lose the necessary skills to fly in an emergency because they rely too much on automatic systems? Will students not develop critical writing and thinking skills as a consequence of using large language models? Will we depend on AI to navigate cities, run companies, or manage democracy? Is the worry of losing abilities to AI similar to Socrates’ concern that writing would vitiate our memory and cognitive abilities? This chapter argues that some skills will be lost as a result of the AI revolution, but how serious a loss it is depends on how reliable AI can be. There may be some things, from intimate relationships to critical thinking skills and safety measures, that might be wise not to delegate to AI.
Introduction to This Volume
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Ustaad Safina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief background to this volume, which offers English translations of a curated sample of Urdu-language foundational texts from the vast body of literature produced and disseminated across Pakistan and beyond by a Pakistan-based international terrorist organization known as Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT) through their in-house Lahore-based publisher, Dar-ul-Andlus. It introduces the Lashkar-e-Tayyaba and the various front organizations it has spawned. In examining the tensions between Pakistan and India, it discusses the influences of the United States and its interests on their relations. It describes the methodology used to collect and curate materials for translation and provides an overview of each chapter of the volume.
What is the Lashkar-e-Tayyaba?*
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Ustaad Safina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a detailed history of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT) beginning with its establishment in Afghanistan at the very end of the war to oust the Soviet Union from Afghanistan (1979–1989) up to and including the organization’s contemporary role in Pakistan’s domestic security and in prosecuting its revisionist agenda in Afghanistan, Kashmir, and elsewhere in India. While the exact year in which LeT (Army of the Righteous) coalesced is unknown, scholars tend to agree that it began to take form when Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi gathered several Pakistani Ahl-e-Hadees adherents to wage jihad against the Soviets in Afghanistan at the very end of that conflict (1979–1989). Around 1985, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed and Zafar Iqbal founded Jamaat ud Dawah (JuD, Organization for Proselytization) with the intent of promulgating the Ahl-e-Hadees creed. A year later, Lakhvi’s LeT amalgamated with Saeed and Iqbal’s JuD to form the Markaz-ud-Dawah-wal-Irshad (MDI, Centre for Preaching and Guidance), which had three preoccupations: jihad, proselytization of the Ahl-e-Hadees maslak, and the creation of a new generation of Muslims committed to their ideology. After providing a history of the organization, this chapter also explains what makes LeT different from the many other groups operating in and from Pakistan, and the unique support it enjoys from Pakistan’s security establishment. It also details the various other front organizations that LeT spawned to subvert sanction regimes.
We, the Mothers of the Lashkar‐e‐Tayyaba by Umm-e-Hammad*
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Ustaad Safina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT) is a distinctive militant group in Pakistan because it dedicates considerable resources to recruiting women and their families, acknowledging that women are responsible for reproducing the ummat and raising good Muslims. While LeT encourages women to observe strict purdah, it also relies upon women to engage in important social and political activities. This affords women significant status within the organization and a socially acceptable public life, with the relatively rare opportunity to leave their homes to participate in LeT’s various women’s ijtema’at (pl. ijtema, meetings). Umm-e-Hammad is a well-known member of LeT women’s wing; she is a prolific writer of jihadi poetry for LeT, and the compiler of the three-volume Hum Mayen Lashkar‐e‐Tayyaba Ki (We, the Mothers of Lashkar‐e‐Tayyaba). The first and second volumes, published (1998–2003), include several hundred biographies of slain fighters. The third volume, published in 2003, has only a ‘Publisher’s Note’, and thus, is not translated here.
The English Dialect Dictionary
Authors: Townend Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an account of the making, contents, and reception of Joseph Wright’s six-volume English Dialect Dictionary (1898–1905). The English Dialect Dictionary was founded on the materials assembled by the English Dialect Society, and the chapter traces the movement from society to dictionary, and supplies a biography of Joseph Wright, the extraordinary figure who took on the role of the dictionary’s editor. It explores the processes and personnel involved in the making of the dictionary, its principles of inclusion and exclusion (not least, regarding slang), the nature and layout of its entries, and the body of adjunct materials that the dictionary project also produced (such as Wright’s English Dialect Grammar).
Introduction
Authors: Bocci Giuliano , Botteri Daniele , Manetti Claudia , Moscati Vincenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLinguistic Theory is animated by the tension between, on the one side, the effort to capture at a descriptive level the rich landscape of language variation and, on the other, the need for a small set of primitives with an explicative power. This is illustrated by the dialectic between Cartography and Minimalism. The two approaches are presented here as complementary: articulated grammatical structures may emerge from simpler principles in interaction. This is not dissimilar to the conception behind the modeling of complex systems in a variety of disciplines outside Linguistics. We offer some considerations on learnability, universality, and language variations drawn on the basis of the papers collected in the present volume.
Recategorizing C
Authors: Manzini M. Rita , Roussou Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent research explicitly addresses the fact that C is a category defined on the basis of its function (“complementation”), encompassing a number of elements whose intrinsic categorial content varies greatly. We consider declarative complementizers, of the form attested in Indo-European languages, and argue that they are pronouns, unifying the complementizer function with the pronominal one. In this framework, complement clauses are projections of nominals and exhibit a structure similar to free relatives. The proposal is that the pronoun in its complementizer function heads the constituent merging with the selecting predicate. This approach has implications for the articulated CP structure, reducing the left periphery to positions that are related to V (e.g., modality), whilst allowing for dislocation of constituents for scope purposes.
From Bantu subject-object reversal to inverted copular sentences
Authors: Shlonsky Ur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The validity of Rizzi’s Relativized Minimality is challenged by configurations in which a non-subject raises over a c-commanding subject to a case/phi/EPP position. Two such configurations are studied in this contribution, subject-object reversal (SOR) in Bantu and inverse copular constructions. Developing the analysis proposed in Shlonsky and Rizzi (2018), it is argued that in both, the subject internally merges with a clause-internal, “low” focus head. This is followed by smuggling—in the sense of Collins (2005) and related work—of the phrase that dominates the trace of the subject to a position above FocusP. Subsequent movement of the non-subject nominal out of the smuggled constituent gives rise to the observed inversion in both constructions and circumvents the locality violation that would be induced by direct movement of the non-subject. An attempt to identify the parametric differences between the languages that allow SOR and those that do not is also discussed.
State Ownership in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Nem Singh Jewellord T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the Brazil and Chile case studies, arguing for recognition of the significance of state ownership in understanding fundamental debates in the political economy that seek to address both critical real-world and normative questions: the relation between state capitalism and economic development, the role of state ownership in institutional capacity building and industrial policy expansion in the 21st century, and the political conditions necessary to maintain efficient, productive, and politically autonomous SOEs. It situates state ownership in a larger framework of reference by examining the challenges in pursuing SOE-based growth strategies in the rest of Latin America. The chapter explores and evaluates two other responses to economic globalization in the region: (1) Venezuela’s state ownership at the expense of the corporate autonomy of its NOC PDVSA in pursuing industrialization and the creation of alternative export industries; and (2) Peru’s full embrace of neoliberalism without any kind of state ownership, where the possibilities for structural transformation may have been closed due to the limited presence of industrial capabilities and overwhelming power of extractivist interests. In both cases, the balance between the pursuit of state activism and autonomy of SOEs had been difficult to achieve.
Oversight and Accountability
Authors: McNall Christopher , Ward Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 5 focuses on the mechanisms used to ensure effective oversight of intelligence matters and, specifically, the intelligence and security agencies. The chapter begins with a general introduction to the importance of those agencies being subject to effective oversight and scrutiny. It notes the development of the means of oversight, from some aspects of long-standing judicial oversight to contemporary statutory mechanisms which ensure the accountability of the agencies in different ways and in different fora. The authors then proceed to examine each of the principal means of oversight: the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament (ISC), the Investigatory Powers Commissioner (IPC), the Investigatory Powers Tribunal (IPT), and the Independent Review of Terrorism Legislation (Independent Reviewer). As regards the ISC, the authors consider its constitutional background and establishment and the means by which it holds the agencies to account. The authors then consider the IPC’s role in overseeing the use of surveillance powers, including through the ‘double lock’ mechanism by which certain warrants, etc. require the approval of a Judicial Commissioner. The authors also consider the IPC’s particular role in overseeing the Principles on co-operating with foreign intelligence services. They then examine the jurisdiction and function of the IPT, providing an introduction to practice and procedure in that forum. Finally, they consider the work of the Independent Reviewer, explaining his statutory functions and means of engagement and reporting.
SIAC Individual Measures (2)
Authors: Blundell David , Stansfeld James 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 is the second chapter dealing with particular elements of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission’s (SIAC’s) jurisdiction: in this case, challenges to deprivation of citizenship, exclusion, and naturalisation. In recent years, deprivation of citizenship has been a significant, though controversial, part of the UK’s response to the threat of terrorism. The authors examine the nature of the deprivation power in s. 40 of the British Nationality Act 1981, the conduciveness test, and the mechanisms for its use. They review the main technical requirements in terms of service of notices and some of the issues to which this gives rise. They consider the exercise of the deprivation power where the subject is outside the UK. They consider the application of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the appeal jurisdiction in SIAC, and in particular, the impact of the Supreme Court’s decision in R (Begum) v SIAC. They deal with the guarantee against statelessness in s. 40(4) and the limited exception in s. 40(4A). Next, they consider the use of the power to exclude individuals from the UK. They review the source of the exclusion power, the scope of SIAC’s jurisdiction in exclusion challenges, and the approach of SIAC to reviewing exclusion decisions. They consider the impact of the ECHR and, where still relevant, European Union law. They then consider refusal of naturalisation decisions and SIAC’s jurisdiction to review the same before concluding by reviewing other appeals before the First-tier and Upper Tribunals which give rise to national security issues.