bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triassic warm subduction in northeastTurkey: Evidence from theAğvanis metamorphic rocks
Authors: Topuz Gültekin , Okay Aral I. , Altherr Rainer , Schwarz Winfried H. , Sunal Gürsel , Altınkaynak Lütfi 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWithin theTethyan realm, data for the subduction history of thePermo–TriassicTethys in the form of accretionary complexes are scarce, coming mainly from northwestTurkey andTibet. Herein we present field geological, petrological and geochronological data on aTriassic accretionary complex, the Ağvanis metamorphic rocks, from northeastTurkey. TheAğvanis metamorphic rocks form aSSE–NNWtrending lozenge‐shaped horst, ∼20 km long and ∼6 km across, bounded by the strands of the activeNorthAnatolianFault close to the collision zone between theEasternPontides and theMenderes–TaurusBlock. The rocks consist mainly of greenschist‐ to epidote‐amphibolite‐facies metabasite, phyllite, marble and minor metachert and serpentinite, interpreted as a metamorphic accretionary complex based on the oceanic rock types and ocean island basaltic, mid‐ocean ridge basaltic and island‐arc tholeiitic affinities of the metabasites. This rock assemblage was intruded by stocks and dikes ofEarlyEocene quartz diorite, leucogranodiorite and dacite porphyry. Metamorphic conditions are estimated to be 470–540°Cand ∼0.60–0.90 GPa.Stepwise40Ar/39Ar dating of phengite–muscovite separates sampled outside the contact metamorphic aureoles yielded steadily increasing age spectra with the highest incremental stage corresponding to age values ranging from ∼180 to 209 Ma, suggesting that the metamorphism occurred at ≥ 209 Ma. Thus, theAğvanis metamorphic rocks represent the vestiges of theLateTriassic or slightly older subduction in northeastTurkey. EstimatedP–Tconditions indicate higher temperatures than those predicted by steady state thermal models for average subduction zones, and can best be accounted for by a hot subduction zone, similar to the present‐dayCascadia. Contact metamorphic mineral assemblages around anEarlyEocene quartz diorite stock, on the other hand, suggest that the present‐day erosion level was at depths of ∼14 km during theEarlyEocene, indicative of reburial of the metamorphic rocks. Partial disturbance of white‐micaAr–Ar age spectra was probably caused by the reburial coupled with heat input by igneous activity, which is probably related to thrusting due to the continental collision betweenEasternPontides and theMenderes–TaurusBlock.
Crystal Structure and Dielectric Properties of Bi2((Mg1/3Nb2/3)1‐xTix)2O7 Ceramics
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Fan Xiaojian , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: May 2014

Bi2((Mg1/3Nb2/3)1‐xTix)2O7 ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 were synthesized using solid‐state reaction method and could be sintered densely at low temperature under 950 °C. The crystal structure is pure cubic pyrochlore for the compositions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3. When x > 0.3, it transforms from orthorhombic weberite into cubic pyrochlore with the increase in sintering temperature. Permittivity of cubic pyrochlore Bi2((Mg1/3Nb2/3)1‐xTix)2O7 ceramics with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 is ~160. In addition, the ceramics have very low dielectric loss (<4 × 10−4) and tunable temperature coefficient of capacitance from −300 to −500 ppm/°C with the increase in Ti content. These merits make the compositions be potential candidates for multilayer ceramic capacitors and low‐temperature co‐fired ceramics.
Preparation and Microwave Absorption Properties of Ti3AlC2 Synthesized by Pressureless Sintering TiC/Ti/Al
Authors: Shi Yimin , Luo Fa , Liu Yi , Zhou Wancheng , Zhang Xinhui 
Published: May 2014

The Ti3AlC2 powders were synthesized by pressureless sintering method at 1250–1400°C. It was found the powders synthesized at 1350°C had a higher purity. Dielectric and microwave absorption properties of the Ti3AlC2 powders were investigated in the frequency range from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz. The complex permittivity of the Ti3AlC2/paraffin decreased with increasing calcining temperature and decreasing Ti3AlC2 content. The minimum reflection loss of the Ti3AlC2/paraffin shifted to the lower‐frequency region by increasing the thickness. For the single‐layer Ti3AlC2/paraffin mixture with 70 wt% Ti3AlC2 content, the reflection loss values exceeding −10 dB were achieved when the thickness is 2.8 mm.
Milling, Sintering and Crystallization of 11BaO‐25CaO‐64SiO2 Glass Powder
Authors: Fest Sarah , Reinsch Stefan , Mueller Ralf 
Published: May 2014

The crystallization of 11BaO‐25CaO‐64SiO2 mol% glass powders and related effects of glass powder milling have been studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Glass powders were made by ZrO2 crushing with subsequent sieving or sedimentation or alternatively made by milling with agate, corundum and tungsten carbide. Although surface crystallization was detectable during late sintering, all powders fully sintered. Wollastonite was found as primary crystal phase followed by cristobalite and sanbornite precipitation. The latter crystallization steps caused a second DTA‐peak for fine powders. DTA‐peak temperatures shifted to lower temperature with decreasing particle size in any case. No significant effects of milling materials on DTA‐peak temperatures were evident. As an exception, however, milling in agate caused strongly decreased temperatures of the second DTA‐peak. This observation can be explained by the progressive mechanical damaging, which results from the required prolonged milling time with agate due to its small materials density, and the fact that diamond made scratches did promote surface crystallization of cristobalite. The present study thus shows that even for glass powders with excellent sinterability, milling can affect microstructure evolution.
Conflict of roles: A conflict of ideas? The unsettled relations between care team staff and independent mental health advocates
Authors: McKeown Mick , Ridley Julie , Newbigging Karen , Machin Karen , Poursanidou Konstantina , Cruse Kaaren 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDrawing on a national study of independent mental health advocacy, we explored the social relations of independent advocacy. The study was commissioned by the Department of Health (England), and involved a case study design covering eight different geographies and service configurations, and interviews or focus groups with a total of 289 stakeholders across two phases of inquiry. This paper focused on the analysis of qualitative data relevant to the relationship between mental health‐care services and independent advocacy services, drawn from interviews with 214 participants in phase two of the study. Discussion of these particular findings affords insights into the working relations of independent advocacy within mental health services beset by reorganizational change and funding cuts, and increasing levels of legally‐sanctioned compulsion and coercion. We offer a matrix, which accounts for the different types of working relationships that can arise, and how these are associated with various levels of understanding of independent advocacy and appreciation for the value of advocacy. The discussion is framed by the wider literature on advocacy and the claims by practitioners, such as nurses, for an advocacy role as part of their professional repertoire.
Two‐Phase LaLuZr2O7 Transparent Ceramic with High Transparency
Authors: Wang Zhengjuan , Zhou Guohong , Qin Xianpeng , Zhang Fang , Ai Jianping , Liu Peng , Wang Shiwei 
Published: May 2014

Two‐phase LaLuZr2O7 transparent ceramic was fabricated via vacuum sintering using powders obtained by a simple sol–gel combustion method. These two phases are pyrochlore and defective fluorite phase with different chemical components. The in‐line transmittance of LaLuZr2O7 transparent ceramic is 73.4% at 1100 nm, showing an excellent optical performance. LaLuZr2O7 transparent ceramic is a promising candidate for scintillator host due to its high density (6.82 g/cm3).
Structural and Optical Properties of Erbium and Ytterbium Codoped Germanoniobophosphate Glasses
Authors: de Mello Laura B. , Sigoli Fernando A. , Mazali Italo Odone 
Published: May 2014

A series of glasses with compositions of 20Na2O–30Nb2O5–(5−y−z)Al2O3–30P2O5–(15−x)TiO2–xGeO2–yEr2O3–zYb2O3, where x = (0; 5; 10; 15), y = (0; 1), z = (0; 2) mol%, were investigated with respect to their structural, optical, and luminescence properties. The coordination of the germanium(IV) ion is normally reported as being mainly tetrahedral. However, results of this study suggest that the germanium(IV) ion may have an octahedral coordination and that TiO2 is substituted. This proposition can be done mainly by 31P MAS‐NMR spectroscopy, which spectra show predominantly pyrophosphate chains in the different glasses, without changes in their polymerization after substitution. A similar coordination of germanium can also be identified by the photoluminescence behavior of the different codoped samples, which shows similar erbium(III) emission decay lifetimes (5 ms), and Judd–Ofelt intensity parameters. It was found that the upconversion emission process involved 1.5 photons. Regarding the thermal behavior, it is noted that the glasses containing higher proportions of GeO2 exhibit higher thermal stability and are therefore more resistant to devitrification when compared to compositions containing more TiO2.
Inter‐Arm Blood Pressure Difference in Hospitalized Elderly Patients—Is It Consistent?
Authors: Grossman Alon , Weiss Avraham , Beloosesky Yichayaou , Morag‐Koren Nira , Green Hefziba , Grossman Ehud 
Published: May 2014

Inter‐arm blood pressure difference (IAD) is recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Its reproducibility in the elderly is unknown. The authors determined the prevalence and reproducibility of IAD in hospitalized elderly patients. Blood pressure was measured simultaneously in both arms on two different days in elderly individuals hospitalized in a geriatric ward. The study included 364 elderly patients (mean age, 85±5 years). Eighty‐four patients (23%) had systolic IAD >10 and 62 patients (17%) had diastolic IAD >10 mm Hg. A total of 319 patients had two blood pressure measurements. Systolic and diastolic IAD remained in the same category in 203 (64%) and 231 (72%) patients, respectively. Correlations of systolic and diastolic IAD between the two measurements were poor. Consistency was not affected by age, body mass index, comorbidities, or treatment. IAD is extremely common in hospitalized elderly patients, but, because of poor consistency, its clinical significance in this population is uncertain.
The effect of habitat on modern shark diversification
Authors: Sorenson L. , Santini F. , Alfaro M. E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSharks occupy marine habitats ranging from shallow, inshore environments to pelagic, and deepwaters, and thus provide a model system for testing how gross habitat differences have shaped vertebrate macroevolution. Palaeontological studies have shown that onshore lineages diversify more quickly than offshore taxa. Among onshore habitats, coral reef‐association has been shown to increase speciation rates in several groups of fishes and invertebrates. In this study, we investigated whether speciation rates are habitat dependent by generating the first comprehensive molecular timescale for shark divergence. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, we rejected the hypothesis that shelf (i.e. onshore) lineages have higher speciation rates compared to those occupying deepwater and oceanic (i.e. offshore) habitats. Our results, however, support the hypothesis of increased speciation rates in coral reef‐associated lineages within the Carcharhinidae. Our new timetree suggests that the two major shark lineages leading to the extant shark diversity began diversifying mostly after the end‐Permian mass extinction: the squalimorphs into deepwater and the galeomorphs into shelf habitats. We suggest that the breakdown of the onshore–offshore speciation rate pattern in sharks is mediated by success in deepwater environments through ecological partitioning, and in some cases, the evolution of morphological novelty.
Does relaxed predation drive phenotypic divergence among insular populations?
Authors: Runemark A. , Brydegaard M. , Svensson E. I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe evolution of striking phenotypes on islands is a well‐known phenomenon, and there has been a long‐standing debate on the patterns of body size evolution on islands. The ecological causes driving divergence in insular populations are, however, poorly understood. Reduced predator fauna is expected to lower escape propensity, increase body size and relax selection for crypsis in small‐bodied, insular prey species. Here, we investigated whether escape behaviour, body size and dorsal coloration have diverged as predicted under predation release in spatially replicated islet and mainland populations of the lizard speciesPodarcis gaigeae. We show that islet lizards escape approaching observers at shorter distances and are larger than mainland lizards. Additionally, we found evidence for larger between‐population variation in body size among the islet populations than mainland populations. Moreover, islet populations are significantly more divergent in dorsal coloration and match their respective habitats poorer than mainland lizards. These results strongly suggest that predation release on islets has driven population divergence in phenotypic and behavioural traits and that selective release has affected both trait means and variances. Relaxed predation pressure is therefore likely to be one of the major ecological factors driving body size divergence on these islands.
Evolution of alternative male morphotypes in oxyurid nematodes: a case of convergence?
Authors: Jorge F. , Perera A. , Roca V. , Carretero M. A. , Harris D. J. , Poulin R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMale dimorphism has been reported across different taxa and is usually expressed as the coexistence of a larger morph with exaggerated male traits and a smaller one with reduced traits. The evolution and maintenance of male dimorphism are still poorly understood for several of the species in which it has been observed. Here, we analyse male dimorphism in several species of reptile parasitic nematodes of the genus Spauligodon, in which a major male morph (exaggerated morph), which presents the traditional male morphological traits reported for this taxon, coexists with a minor morph with reduced morphological traits (i.e. reduced genital papillae) resembling more closely the males of the sister genus Skrjabinodon than Spauligodon major males. Because of the level of uncertainty in the results of ancestral state reconstruction, it is unclear if the existence of male dimorphism in this group represents independent instances of convergent evolution or an ancestral trait lost multiple times. Also, although the number of major males per host was positively correlated with the number of females, the same did not hold true for minor males, whose presence was not associated with any other ecological factor. Nevertheless, the existence of male dimorphism in Spauligodon nematodes is tentatively interpreted as resulting from alternative reproductive tactics, with differences in presence and number of individuals as indicators of differences in fitness, with the lower numbers of minor males per host likely maintained by negative frequency‐dependent selection.
Evaluation of different screw fixation techniques and screw diameters in sagittal split ramus osteotomy: finite element analysis method
Authors: Sindel A. , Demiralp S. , Colok G. 
Published: May 2014

SummarySagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is used for correction of numerous congenital or acquired deformities in facial region. Several techniques have been developed and used to maintain fixation and stabilisation following SSRO application. In this study, the effects of the insertion formations of the bicortical different sized screws to the stresses generated by forces were studied. Three‐dimensional finite elements analysis (FEA) and static linear analysis methods were used to investigate difference which would occur in terms of forces effecting onto the screws and transmitted to bone between different application areas. No significant difference was found between 1·5‐ and 2‐mm screws used in SSRO fixation. Besides, it was found that ‘inverted L’ application was more successful compared to the others and that was followed by ‘L’ and ‘linear’ formations which showed close rates to each other. Few studies have investigated the effect of thickness and application areas of bicortical screws. This study was performed on both advanced and regressed jaws positions.
Relationship between frontal craniofacial morphology and horizontal balance of lip‐closing forces during lip pursing
Authors: Mizuno R. , Yamada K. , Murakami M. , Kaede K. , Masuda Y. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between frontal craniofacial morphology and the horizontal balance of the lip‐closing forces (LCF) generated during maximum voluntary pursing‐like movements in patients with mandibular deviation. Thirty‐one subjects (median age 25·4 ± 8·9 years) without a history of orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from among the orthodontic patients who visited our hospital. Lip‐closing forces was recorded in eight directions during maximum voluntary pursing‐like lip‐closing movements. The subjects were divided into the deviation (two males and 11 females) and non‐deviation groups (four males and 14 females). There was no significant difference in the total LCF between the deviation and non‐deviation groups. In the deviation group, the mean LCF value on the deviation side of the upper lip was significantly lower than that detected on the non‐deviation side of the upper lip, while the mean LCF value for the deviation side of the lower lip was significantly higher than that for the non‐deviation side of the lower lip. In contrast, no significant difference in upper or lower lip LCF was detected between the deviation and non‐deviation sides in the non‐deviation group. The difference in the LCF generated in the lower lip between the deviation and non‐deviation sides was significantly positively correlated with mandibular menton deviation and significantly negatively correlated with the difference in maxillary height between the deviation and non‐deviation sides. These results suggest that the horizontal balance of the upper and lower lip LCF produced during pursing‐like lip‐closing movements in patients with mandibular deviation is related to frontal craniofacial morphology.
Low birthweight and elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) in prepubertal children
Authors: Rodríguez‐Moran Martha , Guerrero‐Romero Fernando 
Published: May 2014

AimTo evaluate whether healthy prepubertal children with low birthweight (LBW) exhibited higher serum levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) than did those with normal birthweight (NBW).MethodsA total of 350 healthy children aged 6 to 9 years and in Tanner stage 1 were enrolled in a community‐based cross‐sectional study. Family history of hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in parents and grandparents; active smoking; a diagnosis of acute or chronic illness; and intake of vitamins or nutritional supplements were exclusion criteria. The cut‐off point for Lp(a) was 0.79 μmol/L.ResultsLBW was identified in 51 (14.6%) children. In total, 42 (12.0%) children had elevated Lp(a) levels, with 25 (49.0%) and 17 (5.7%) in the LBW and NBW groups, respectively (P < 0.0005). None of the children had adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Average body mass index (BMI) (17.1 ± 3.3 and 18.8 ± 3.9, P = 0.001), glucose levels (4.5 ± 0.5 and 4.8 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.007), insulin levels (67.4 ± 45.1 and 86.1 ± 54.9 pmol/L, P = 0.02), and Lp(a) levels (0.52 ± 0.21 and 1.40 ± 0.49 μmol/L, P < 0.0005) were higher in the children with LBW than in the children with NBW. A multivariate analysis adjusted by age, sex, raw BMI, BMI standard deviation score and insulin level showed a significant association between LBW and elevated levels of Lp(a) (odds ratio 8.02, 95% confidence interval 7.3–21.3; P < 0.0005).ConclusionsLBW was shown to be strongly associated with elevated serum levels of Lp(a).
Innovation Performance in New Product Development Teams in China's Technology Ventures: The Role of Behavioral Integration Dimensions and Collective Efficacy
Authors: Liu Jingjiang , Chen Jiyao , Tao Yi 
Published: May 2014

In emerging markets, technology ventures increasingly rely on new product development (NPD) teams to generate creative ideas and to mold these innovative ideas into streams of new products or services. However, little is known about how behavioral integration (a behavioral team process) and collective efficacy (a motivational team process) jointly facilitate or inhibit team innovation performance in emerging markets—especially in China, the world's largest emerging‐market setting with collectivist and high power distance cultures. Drawing on social cognitive theory and behavioral integration research, this article elucidates the relationships between behavioral integration dimensions (i.e., collaborative behavior, information exchange, and joint decision‐making) and innovation performance and also examines how collective efficacy moderates these relationships in China's NPD teams.Results from a sample of 96 NPD teams in China's technology ventures reveal that information exchange is positively associated with innovation performance. Collaborative behavior positively but marginally influences innovation performance, whereas joint decision‐making does not relate to innovation performance. Moreover, collective efficacy demonstrates an important moderating role. Specifically, both collaborative behavior and joint decision‐making are more positively associated with innovation performance when collective efficacy is higher. In contrast, information exchange is less positively associated with innovation performance when collective efficacy is higher.This study makes important theoretical contributions to the literature on team innovation and behavioral integration in emerging markets by offering a better understanding of how behavioral and motivational team processes jointly shape innovation performance in China's NPD teams. This study also extends social cognitive theory by identifying collective efficacy as a boundary condition for the overall effectiveness of behavioral integration dimensions. In particular, this study highlights the condition under which behavioral integration dimensions facilitate or inhibit NPD team innovation performance in China.
Sexual Dysfunction in Men Seeking Treatment for Opioid Dependence: A Study from India
Authors: Venkatesh Kandappan , Mattoo Surendra K. , Grover Sandeep 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction
There is limited literature on opioid dependence patients for the prevalence of sexual dysfunction as assessed by validated questionnaires.

Aim
To study the prevalence and specified demographic and clinical correlates of sexual dysfunction in men seeking treatment for opioid dependence by using multiple validated instruments.

Methods
Men with opioid dependence for at least 1 year as per DSM-IV (confirmed by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) (OD group, N = 100) and matched healthy controls (HC group, N = 50) were evaluated for sexual dysfunction.

Main Outcome Measures
Arizona Sexual Experience Questionnaire (ASEX), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short-Form (CSFQ-14).

Results
In men seeking treatment for opioid dependence sexual dysfunction was recorded in 48% by ASEX, and in at least one of the domains in 92% by IIEF and in 90% by CSFQ; in comparison with the healthy controls, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with opioid dependence was significantly higher by each measure.

Conclusions
Compared with healthy controls, sexual dysfunction rates are higher in patients seeking treatment for opioid dependence.