bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
« La banalité du mal » selon Eduardo Pavlovsky
Authors: Clerc Isabelle 
Published: June 2013

Dans El señor Galíndez (1973) et Potestad (1985), le dramaturge argentin Eduardo Pavlovsky met en scène la figure d’un tortionnaire humain. Ces pièces bousculent la norme. Comment accepter en effet que la torture et l’enlèvement d’enfants durant la dictature argentine ne soient pas l’œuvre de monstres mais de gens ordinaires ? Nous nous proposons de voir les mécanismes de la rupture dans ces pièces, et d’en analyser la portée.
“Helter Skelter” et l'héritage polémique des années 1960
Authors: Carlin Gerald , Jones Mark 
Published: June 2013

À la fin des années 1960, on considérait le rock comme un aspect important de la contre-culture révolutionnaire. Mais le White Album des Beatles fut reçu de façon ambivalente – on l’accusa notamment de nostalgie réactionnaire. La chanson « Helter Skelter » était difficile à catégoriser à l’époque ; le fait qu’on l’associe par la suite avec les meurtres commis par la Famille Manson la rendit tristement célèbre. Les premières reprises du morceau en firent un canon du hard rock naissant, avant que le heavy metal ne prenne la relève. Plus tard, des versions plus éclectiques la détournèrent pour en faire une critique du projet culturel des années 1960, en invoquant la figure menaçante de Charles Manson. D’autres tentèrent plus tard d’exorciser ce spectre maudit, pour la réinscrire dans la grande tradition du rock. Analyser « Helter Skelter » par le prisme ses innombrables reprises, c’est faire l’histoire de l’héritage polémique des années 1960.
“Helter Skelter” and Sixties Revisionism
Authors: Carlin Gerald , Jones Mark 
Published: June 2013

In the late sixties rock music was typically seen as an important aspect of the revolutionary counterculture ; but the Beatles’ ‘White Album’ was ambivalently received, amidst allegations of reactionary nostalgia. The song ‘Helter Skelter’ was difficult to classify at the time; its subsequent associations with cult murderers the Manson Family made it notorious. Largely overlooked for several years, the few early covers usually rendered it as hard rock. Later, more generically diverse and deviant renditions would reinflect the song as a critique of the sixties’ countercultural project. Patterns of reclamation and contestation have made covers of the song a telling index of revisionist attitudes to the 1960s and their legacies.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Deficiency in Macrophages Leads to Defective p110γ PI3K Signaling and Impairs Cell Adhesion and Migration
Authors: Díaz-Muñoz Manuel D. , Osma-García Inés C. , Íñiguez Miguel A. , Fresno Manuel 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 dependent PGs modulate several functions in many pathophysiological processes, including migration of immune cells. In this study, we addressed the role of Cox-2 in macrophage migration by using in vivo and in vitro models. Upon thioglycolate challenge, CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages showed a diminished ability to migrate to the peritoneal cavity in cox-2−/− mice. In vivo migration of cox-2−/− macrophages from the peritoneal cavity to lymph nodes, as well as cell adhesion to the mesothelium, was reduced in response to LPS. In vitro migration of cox-2−/− macrophages toward MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1α, or MIP-1β, as well as cell adhesion to ICAM-1 or fibronectin, was impaired. Defects in cell migration were not due to changes in chemokine receptor expression. Remarkably, cox-2−/− macrophages showed a deficiency in focal adhesion formation, with reduced phosphorylation of paxillin (Tyr188). Interestingly, expression of the p110γ catalytic subunit of PI3K was severely reduced in the absence of Cox-2, leading to defective Akt phosphorylation, as well as cdc42 and Rac-1 activation. Our results indicate that the paxillin/p110γ-PI3K/Cdc42/Rac1 axis is defective in cox-2−/− macrophages, which results in impaired cell adhesion and migration.
Autologous Tax-Specific CTL Therapy in a Primary Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Cell–Bearing NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγnull Mouse Model
Authors: Masaki Ayako , Ishida Takashi , Suzuki Susumu , Ito Asahi , Mori Fumiko , Sato Fumihiko , Narita Tomoko , Yamada Tomiko , Ri Masaki , Kusumoto Shigeru , Komatsu Hirokazu , Tanaka Yuetsu , Niimi Akio , Inagaki Hiroshi , Iida Shinsuke , Ueda Ryuzo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We expanded human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 Tax-specific CTL in vitro from PBMC of three individual adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients and assessed their therapeutic potential in an in vivo model using NOG mice bearing primary ATL cells from the respective three patients (ATL/NOG). In these mice established with cells from a chronic-type patient, treatment by i.p. injection of autologous Tax-CTL resulted in greater infiltration of CD8-positive T cells into each ATL lesion. This was associated with a significant decrease of ATL cell infiltration into blood, spleen, and liver. Tax-CTL treatment also significantly decreased human soluble IL-2R concentrations in the sera. In another group of ATL/NOG mice, Tax-CTL treatment led to a significant prolongation of survival time. These findings show that Tax-CTL can infiltrate the tumor site, recognize, and kill autologous ATL cells in mice in vivo. In ATL/NOG mice with cells from an acute-type patient, whose postchemotherapeutic remission continued for &gt;18 mo, antitumor efficacy of adoptive Tax-CTL therapy was also observed. However, in ATL/NOG mice from a different acute-type patient, whose ATL relapsed after 6 mo of remission, no efficacy was observed. Thus, although the therapeutic effects were different for different ATL patients, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that adoptive therapy with Ag-specific CTL expanded from a cancer patient confers antitumor effects, leading to significant survival benefit for autologous primary cancer cell–bearing mice in vivo. The present study contributes to research on adoptive CTL therapy, which should be applicable to several types of cancer.
Dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Fails To Block Phagosome Maturation and Shows Unexpected Capacity To Stimulate Specific Human T Lymphocytes
Authors: Mariotti Sabrina , Pardini Manuela , Gagliardi Maria Cristina , Teloni Raffaela , Giannoni Federico , Fraziano Maurizio , Lozupone Francesco , Meschini Stefania , Nisini Roberto 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Dormancy is defined as a stable but reversible nonreplicating state of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is currently thought that dormant M. tuberculosis (D-Mtb) is responsible for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection. Recently, D-Mtb was also shown in sputa of patients with active TB, but the capacity of D-Mtb to stimulate specific immune responses was not investigated. We observed that purified protein derivative–specific human CD4+ T lymphocytes recognize mycobacterial Ags more efficiently when macrophages are infected with D-Mtb instead of replicating M. tuberculosis (R-Mtb). The different Ag recognition occurs even when the two forms of mycobacteria equally infect and stimulate macrophages, which secrete the same cytokine pattern and express MHC class I and II molecules at the same levels. However, D-Mtb but not R-Mtb colocalizes with mature phagolysosome marker LAMP-1 and with vacuolar proton ATPase in macrophages. D-Mtb, unlike R-Mtb, is unable to interfere with phagosome pH and does not inhibit the proteolytic efficiency of macrophages. We show that D-Mtb downmodulates the gene Rv3875 encoding for ESAT-6, which is required by R-Mtb to block phagosome maturation together with Rv3310 gene product SapM, previously shown to be downregulated in D-Mtb. Thus, our results indicate that D-Mtb cannot escape MHC class II Ag-processing pathway because it lacks the expression of genes required to block the phagosome maturation. Data suggest that switching to dormancy not only represents a mechanism of survival in latent TB infection, but also a M. tuberculosis strategy to modulate the immune response in different stages of TB.
Optimal Germinal Center B Cell Activation and T-Dependent Antibody Responses Require Expression of the Mouse Complement Receptor Cr1
Authors: Donius Luke R. , Handy Jennifer M. , Weis Janis J. , Weis John H. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and complement receptor (Cr)1 and complement receptor (Cr)2 are important for the generation of humoral immunity. Cr1/2 expression on B cells and FDCs was shown to provide a secondary signal for B cell activation, to facilitate transport of Ag in immune follicles, and to enhance retention of immune complexes by FDCs. We show in this study that murine B cells predominantly express the Cr2 product from the Cr2 gene, whereas FDCs almost exclusively express the Cr1 isoform generated from the Cr2 gene. To define the specific role of Cr1, we created an animal that maintains normal cell-restricted expression of Cr2 but does not express Cr1. Cr1-deficient (Cr1KO) mice develop normal B1 and B2 immature and mature B cell subsets and have normal levels of naive serum Abs but altered levels of natural Abs. Immunization of the Cr1KO animal demonstrates deficient Ab responses to T-dependent, but not T-independent, Ags. Germinal centers from the immunized Cr1KO animal possess a deficiency in activated B cells, similar to that seen for animals lacking both Cr1 and Cr2 or C3. Finally, animals lacking only Cr1 respond similarly to wild-type animals to infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae, a pathogen to which animals lacking C3 or both Cr1 and Cr2 are particularly sensitive. Altogether, these data suggest that the production of Cr1, primarily by FDCs, is critical in the generation of appropriately activated B cells of the germinal center and the generation of mature Ab responses.
Scavenger Receptor A Modulates the Immune Response to Pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans Infection
Authors: Qiu Yafeng , Dayrit Jeremy K. , Davis Michael J. , Carolan Jacob F. , Osterholzer John J. , Curtis Jeffrey L. , Olszewski Michal A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Scavenger receptors represent an important class of pattern recognition receptors shown to mediate both beneficial and detrimental roles in host defense against microbial pathogens. The role of the major macrophage scavenger receptor, scavenger receptor A (SRA), in the immune response against the pathogenic fungus, Cryptococcus neoformans, is unknown. To evaluate the role of SRA in anticryptococcal host defenses, SRA+/+ mice and SRA−/− mice were infected intratracheally with C. neoformans. Results show that infection of SRA−/− mice resulted in a reduction in the pulmonary fungal burden at the efferent phase (3 wk) compared with SRA+/+ mice. Improved fungal clearance in SRA−/− mice was associated with decreased accumulation of eosinophils and greater accumulation of CD4+ T cells and CD11b+ dendritic cells. Additional parameters were consistent with enhanced anticryptococcal immunity in the infected SRA−/− mice: 1) increased expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 by lung APCs, 2) decreased expression of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and IL-10 in lung leukocytes and in cryptococcal Ag-pulsed splenocytes, 3) diminished IgE production in sera, and 4) increased hallmarks of classical pulmonary macrophage activation. These effects were preceded by increased expression of early pro-Th1 genes in pulmonary lymph nodes at the afferent phase (1 wk). Collectively, our data show that SRA can be exploited by C. neoformans to interfere with the early events of the afferent responses that support Th1 immune polarization. This results in amplification of Th2 arm of the immune response and subsequently impaired adaptive control of C. neoformans in the infected lungs.
FoxO1 Controls Effector-to-Memory Transition and Maintenance of Functional CD8 T Cell Memory
Authors: Tejera Melba Marie , Kim Eui Ho , Sullivan Jeremy A. , Plisch Erin H. , Suresh M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
During a T cell response, naive CD8 T cells differentiate into effector cells. Subsequently, a subset of effector cells termed memory precursor effector cells further differentiates into functionally mature memory CD8 T cells. The transcriptional network underlying this carefully scripted process is not well understood. In this study, we report that the transcription factor FoxO1 plays an integral role in facilitating effector-to-memory transition and functional maturation of memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. We find that FoxO1 is not required for differentiation of effector cells, but in the absence of FoxO1, memory CD8 T cells displayed features of senescence and progressive attrition in polyfunctionality, which in turn led to impaired recall responses and poor protective immunity. These data suggest that FoxO1 is essential for maintenance of functional CD8 T cell memory and protective immunity. Under competing conditions in bone marrow chimeric mice, FoxO1 deficiency did not perturb clonal expansion or effector differentiation. Instead, FoxO1-deficient memory precursor effector cells failed to survive and form memory CD8 T cells. Mechanistically, FoxO1 deficiency perturbed the memory CD8 T cell transcriptome, characterized by pronounced alterations in the expression of genes that encode transcription factors (including Tcf7), effector molecules, cell cycle regulators, and proteins that regulate fatty acid, purine, and pyramidine metabolism and mitochondrial functions. We propose that FoxO1 is a key regulator that reprograms and steers the differentiation of effector cells to functionally competent memory cells. These findings have provided fundamental insights into the mechanisms that regulate the quality of CD8 T cell memory to intracellular pathogens.
The Disease-Ameliorating Function of Autoregulatory CD8 T Cells Is Mediated by Targeting of Encephalitogenic CD4 T Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ortega Sterling B. , Kashi Venkatesh P. , Tyler Andrew F. , Cunnusamy Khrishen , Mendoza Jason P. , Karandikar Nitin J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the CNS, and CD8 T cells are the predominant T cell population in MS lesions. Given that transfer of CNS-specific CD8 T cells results in an attenuated clinical demyelinating disease in C57BL/6 mice with immunization-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we investigated the cellular targets and mechanisms of autoreactive regulatory CD8 T cells. In this study we report that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide (MOG35–55)–induced CD8 T cells could also attenuate adoptively transferred, CD4 T cell–mediated EAE. Whereas CD8−/− mice exhibited more severe EAE associated with increased autoreactivity and inflammatory cytokine production by myelin-specific CD4 T cells, this was reversed by adoptive transfer of MOG-specific CD8 T cells. These autoregulatory CD8 T cells required in vivo MHC class Ia (KbDb) presentation. Interestingly, MOG-specific CD8 T cells could also suppress adoptively induced disease using wild-type MOG35–55-specific CD4 T cells transferred into KbDb−/− recipient mice, suggesting direct targeting of encephalitogenic CD4 T cells. In vivo trafficking analysis revealed that autoregulatory CD8 T cells are dependent on neuroinflammation for CNS infiltration, and their suppression/cytotoxicity of MOG-specific CD4 T cells is observed both in the periphery and in the CNS. These studies provide important insights into the mechanism of disease suppression mediated by autoreactive CD8 T cells in EAE.
Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 Modulates Behavioral Effects of Ethanol
Authors: Lynch Laurie J. , Sullivan Katherine A. , Vallender Eric J. , Rowlett James K. , Platt Donna M. , Miller Gregory M. 
Published: June 2013

Background Few treatment options for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) exist and more are critically needed. Here, we assessed whether trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), a modulator of brain monoamine systems, is involved in the behavioral and reinforcement-related effects of ethanol and whether it could potentially serve as a therapeutic target. Methods Wild-type (WT) and TAAR1 knockout (KO) mice (75% C57J/BL6 and 25% 129S1/Sv background) were compared in tests of ethanol consumption (two-bottle choice [TBC]), motor impairment (loss of righting reflex, [LORR], locomotor activity) and ethanol clearance (blood ethanol level [BEL]). Results As compared with WT mice, KO mice displayed (1) significantly greater preference for and consumption of ethanol in a TBC paradigm (3%–11% vol/vol escalating over 10 weeks), with no significant difference observed in TBC with sucrose (1%–3%); (2) significantly greater sedative-like effects of acute ethanol (2.0 or 2.5 g/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) manifested as LORR observed at a lower dose and for longer time, with similar BELs and rates of ethanol clearance; and (3) lower cumulative locomotor activity over 60 minutes in response to an acute ethanol challenge (1.0–2.5 g/kg, i.p.). Conclusions The present findings are the first to implicate TAAR1 in the behavioral and reinforcement-related effects of ethanol and raise the question of whether specific drugs that target TAAR1 could potentially reduce alcohol consumption in humans with AUDs.
Nerve Fibers are Absent in Disease-Free and Eutopic Endometrium, but Present in Endometriotic (Especially Deep) Lesions
Authors: Donnez Olivier , Soares Michelle , Defrère Sylvie , Van Kerk Olivier , Van Langendonckt Anne , Donnez Jacques , Dolmans Marie-Madeleine , Colette Sébastien 
Published: June 2013

Objective Detection of nerve fibers in endometrial biopsies was recently proposed as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for endometriosis. However, their occurrence in the functional layer of endometrium still remains controversial. Nerve fibers were found to be present in endometriotic lesions themselves, which may account for some of the pain experienced by patients, but their origin is not clear. The objective of the present study was to reevaluate the presence of nerve fibers in endometrium and in different types of endometriotic lesions. Patients and Methods Nerve fiber density (PGP9.5 immunohistochemical analysis), unmyelinated nerve fiber presence (neurofilament immunohistochemical detection) and nerve growth factor expression were evaluated in endometrial (disease free: n = 20; endometriotic: n = 26) and endometriotic (peritoneal lesions: n = 11; ovarian lesions: n = 16; rectovaginal lesions: n = 27) samples. Results Endometrial biopsies were found to be mostly negative for nerve fibers. Nerve fiber density was higher in deep nodular lesions than in peritoneal (p<0.01) or ovarian (p<0.001) lesions. Around 30% of PGP9.5-positive nerve fibers were confirmed by neurofilament staining. Nerve growth factor expression was detected at higher levels in the stroma of deep-infiltrating lesions (p<0.05). Conclusions No nerve fibers were detected in endometrial biopsies (from healthy or endometriosis patients). However, nerve fibers were detected in endometriotic lesions. Most of them were found to be unmyelinated, suggesting they could be implicated in pain. Deep nodular lesions may be more neuroattractive through the action of nerve growth factor.
Modified solution technique for preparing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and a Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/silver nanocomposite: Optical and thermal behavior
Authors: Behniafar Hossein , Moaref Hossein 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we prepared poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) via the chemical oxidation of the 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene monomer in a system consisting of miscible binary organic solvents, that is, acetonitrile (CH3CN) and chloroform (CHCl3). This successful technique was then used to synthesize a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/silver (Ag) nanocomposite as well. In this facile and efficient technique, a higher solubility of the oxidizing reagent, which originated from a relative enhancement in the polarity of the reaction medium, led to significant changes in the optical and thermal behaviors of the resulting products. To investigate the degree of validity of the technique applied, a pure sample of PEDOT (PEDOT I) was also synthesized with CHCl3 alone, and this was then compared with a sample prepared in CH3CN/CHCl3 binary solvents (PEDOT II). To prepare the PEDOT/Ag nanocomposite, first the PEDOT synthesized in binary solvents was thoroughly dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide solvent. Next, Ag nanopowder was uniformly dispersed in the previous solution of PEDOT with sonication. The PEDOT/Ag nanocomposite was then precipitated through the addition of a methanol nonsolvent. The approximate size of nano‐Ag within the polymer matrix was found to be about 40 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of the pure PEDOT II and PEDOT/Ag nanocomposite exhibited an agglomerated sponge and nanospherical homogeneity, respectively. In comparison with PEDOT I, considerable redshifts in the ultraviolet–visible absorption spectra of the pure PEDOT II and PEDOT/Ag nanocomposite were observed. In addition, the thermostability order was found to be PEDOT/Ag > PEDOT II > PEDOT I at all temperatures above 300°C. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2707–2712, 2013
Preparation and characterization of acrylic acid/itaconic acid hydrogel coatings containing silver nanoparticles
Authors: Rodríguez‐Delgado M. Guadalupe , Yáñez‐Flores Isaura G. , Sánchez‐Valdes Saul , Rodriguez‐Fernandez Oliverio S. , Betancourt‐Galindo Rebecca , Lozano‐Ramirez Tomas , Ramirez‐Vargas Eduardo , Ortega‐Ortiz Hortencia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHydrogel silver nanocomposites have been used in applications with excellent antibacterial performance. Acrylic acid (AA)/itaconic acid (IA) hydrogels silver nanocomposites were prepared and applied as a coating on a textile substrate. Hydrogel matrices were synthesized first by the polymerization of an AA/IA aqueous (80/20 v/v) solution and mixed with 2‐2‐azobis(2‐methylpropionamide) diclorohydrate and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide until the hydrogel was formed. Silver nanoparticles were generated throughout the hydrogel networks with an in situ method via the incorporation of the silver ions and subsequent reduction with sodium borohydride. Cotton (C) and cotton/polyester (CP) textile fibers were then coated with these hydrogel silver nanocomposites. The influence of these nanocomposite hydrogels on the properties of the textile fiber were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (attenuated total reflectance), scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and antibacterial tests against Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The better conditions, in which no serious aggregation of the silver nanoparticles occurred, were determined. It was proven that the textiles coated with hydrogels containing nanosilver had an excellent antibacterial abilities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2713–2721, 2013
Effect of zinc phenylphosphonate on the crystallization behavior of poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Wu Ningjing , Wang Honghao 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of zinc phenylphosphonate (PPZn) on the crystallization behavior of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM) measurements. The non‐isothermal cold crystallization results showed that the addition of PPZn obviously decreased the cold crystallization temperature of PLLA and increased the degree of crystallinity of PLLA. The isothermal crystallization kinetics results showed that the crystallization rate of PLLA with small amount of PPZn was much higher than that of neat PLLA, and the half‐time (t1/2) of PLLA/PPZn sample is far less than that of neat PLLA. As an effective nucleating agent, PPZn particles had also some influence on nucleation mechanism and crystal growth of PLLA. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 2744–2752, 2013