bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White matter microstructural changes in pure Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia
Authors: Kim Y. J. , Kwon H. K. , Lee J.‐M. , Kim Y. J. , Kim H. J. , Jung N.‐Y. , Kim S. T. , Lee K. H. , Na D. L. , Seo S. W. 
Published: January 2015

Background and purposeRecent studies have demonstrated that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) have white matter (WM) microstructural changes. However, previous studies on AD and SVaD rarely eliminated the confounding effects of patients with mixed Alzheimer's and cerebrovascular disease pathologies. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the divergent topography of WM microstructural changes in patients with pure AD and SVaD.MethodsPatients who were clinically diagnosed with AD and SVaD were prospectively recruited. Forty AD patients who were Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) positive [PiB(+) AD] without WM hyperintensities and 32 SVaD patients who were PiB negative [PiB(−) SVaD] were chosen. Fifty‐six cognitively normal individuals were also recruited (NC). Tract‐based spatial statistics of diffuse tensor imaging were used to compare patterns of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).ResultsCompared with the NC group, the PiB(+) AD group showed decreased FA in the bilateral frontal, temporal and parietal WM regions and the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum as well as increased MD in the left frontal and temporal WM region. PiB(−) SVaD patients showed decreased FA and increased MD in all WM regions. Direct comparison between PiB(+) AD and PiB(−) SVaD groups showed that the PiB(−) SVaD group had decreased FA across all WM regions and increased MD in all WM regions except occipital regions.ConclusionOur findings suggest that pure AD and pure SVaD have divergent topography of WM microstructural changes including normal appearing WM.
It Takes All Kinds in Acoustic Communication: A New Perspective on the Song Overlapping Phenomenon
Authors: Helfer Bartosz , Osiejuk Tomasz S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOver the last few decades, research into song overlapping produced many – often conflicting – interpretations of its function and culminated in the current debate about the usefulness of this concept. To avoid a deadlock in song overlapping research, we present a new approach to existing evidence and offer several novel hypotheses that might help enhance future experiments. Our analysis offers both a theoretical perspective and specific predictions of each testable hypothesis. We present a detailed analysis of important questions. First, what information does song overlapping convey (is it a signal of aggressive intent or of male quality)? Second, what evolutionary mechanism stabilizes honesty of song overlapping as a signal (is it an index signal, handicap, proximity risk, conventional signal or a modifier)? Additionally, we offer some alternative explanations of the phenomenon (song overlapping as a mask or an incidental phenomenon). We hope to encourage future researchers not only to gather high‐quality experimental data, but also to make more careful interpretations, as we believe that no all‐encompassing explanation of song overlapping will be formulated any time soon. Focused comparative approaches will be necessary, as song overlapping might have different functions in different species.
A decision support tool for response to global change in marine systems: the IMBER‐ADApT Framework
Authors: Bundy Alida , Chuenpagdee Ratana , Cooley Sarah R , Defeo Omar , Glaeser Bernhard , Guillotreau Patrice , Isaacs Moenieba , Mitsutaku Makino , Perry R Ian 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlobal change is occurring now, often with consequences far beyond those anticipated. Although there is a wide range of assessment approaches available to address‐specific aspects of global change, there is currently no framework to identify what governance responses have worked and where, what has facilitated change and what preventative options are possible. To respond to this need, we present an integrated assessment framework that builds on knowledge learned from past experience of responses to global change in marine systems, to enable decision‐makers, researchers, managers and local stakeholders to: (i) make decisions efficiently; (ii) triage and improve their responses; and (iii) evaluate where to most effectively allocate resources to reduce vulnerability and enhance resilience of coastal people. This integrated assessment framework, IMBER‐ADApT is intended to enable and enhance decision‐making through the development, a typology of case‐studies providing lessons on how the natural, social and governance systems respond to the challenges of global change. The typology is developed from a database of case‐studies detailing the systems affected by change, responses to change and, critically, an appraisal of these responses, generating knowledge‐based solutions that can be applied to other comparable situations. Fisheries, which suffer from multiple pressures, are the current focus of the proposed framework, but it could be applied to a wide range of global change issues. IMBER‐ADApT has the potential to contribute to timely, cost‐effective policy and governing decision‐making and response. It offers cross‐scale learning to help ameliorate, and eventually prevent, loss of livelihoods, food sources and habitat.
Structure of the Elongator cofactor complex Kti11/Kti13 provides insight into the role of Kti13 in Elongator‐dependent tRNA modification
Authors: Kolaj‐Robin Olga , McEwen Alastair G. , Cavarelli Jean , Séraphin Bertrand 
Published: January 2015

Modification of wobble uridines of many eukaryotic tRNAs requires the Elongator complex, a highly conserved six‐subunit eukaryotic protein assembly, as well as the Killer toxin‐insensitive (Kti) proteins 11–14. Kti11 was additionally shown to be implicated in the biosynthesis of diphthamide, a post‐translationally modified histidine of translation elongation factor 2. Recent data indicate that iron‐bearing Kti11 functions as an electron donor to the [4Fe–4S] cluster of radical S‐Adenosylmethionine enzymes, triggering the subsequent radical reaction. We show here that recombinant yeast Kti11 forms a stable 1 : 1 complex with Kti13. To obtain insights into the function of this heterodimer, the Kti11/Kti13 complex was purified to homogeneity, crystallized, and its structure determined at 1.45 Å resolution. The importance of several residues mediating complex formation was confirmed by mutagenesis. Kti13 adopts a fold characteristic of RCC1‐like proteins. The seven‐bladed β‐propeller consists of a unique mixture of four‐ and three‐stranded blades. In the complex, Kti13 orients Kti11 and restricts access to its electron‐carrying iron atom, constraining the electron transfer capacity of Kti11. Based on these findings, we propose a role for Kti13, and discuss the possible functional implications of complex formation.DatabaseStructural data have been submitted to the Protein Data Bank under accession number 4X33.
Pharmacokinetic characterization of recombinant factor XIII (FXIII)‐A2 across age groups in patients with FXIII A‐subunit congenital deficiency
Authors: Brand‐Staufer B. , Carcao M. , Kerlin B. A. , Will A. , Williams M. , Tornøe C. W. , Sandberg Lundblad M. , Nugent D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThree trials investigated the pharmacokinetics (PK) of recombinant factor XIII (rFXIII) A‐subunit. To compare the PK characteristics of rFXIII among trials and different age groups of patients. Dosing with rFXIII 35 IU kg−1 every 4th week. Blood samples for PK assessments were collected regularly throughout the dosing interval from a total of 68 individual patients with FXIII congenital deficiency. The mean PK parameters were similar across the three age groups, and for the three trials, as well as constant over time based on results from patients participating in both mentor™1 and mentor™2 trials. The geometric mean half‐life ranged from 11.6 to 15.0 days, and the trough FXIII activity levels ranged from 0.15 to 0.21 IU mL−1. The population PK model identified body weight as a statistically significant covariate influencing clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (Vd), with a similar increase in both parameters with increased body weight. The half‐life was not affected by body weight. Gender (females vs. males) and age category (paediatric vs. adult) did not affect CL. The PK profile of rFXIII, after dosing with 35 IU kg−1 of rFXIII, was independent of age and comparable between trials and FXIII trough activity levels were constant. Despite rather large individual variation in the maximal FXIII activity levels, all individual mean trough activity levels were above 0.1 IU mL−1 during the entire duration of the trials. The results support that monthly dosing with 35 IU kg−1 of rFXIII to patients with FXIII A‐subunit deficiency, regardless of age, is adequate for prophylaxis.
Massive catheter‐related thrombosis of vena cava superior protruding into the right atrium in a hemodialysis patient
Authors: Mach Lukas , Ondruskova Olga , Nemec Petr , Orban Marek 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA 36‐year‐old man with chronic renal insufficiency secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus was on hemodialysis via central venous catheter (CVC), newly placed into the right subclavian vein after his arteriovenous fistula became dysfunctional. Seven days after CVC insertion, the patient developed fever and on day 11 echocardiography showed a large nearly occluding thrombus in the superior vena cava (SVC) extending into the right atrium (RA). Emergency surgical thrombectomy was successfully performed and an 11 cm long thrombus extending from the RA cranially into the SVC occupying majority of the vein's lumen was removed. Cultures from the thrombus and CVC were negative, but polymerase chain reaction was positive for Staphylococcus aureus. This particular case was interesting for a marked discrepancy between large SVC occluding thrombosis and a relatively mild clinical presentation with fever, and it highlights the importance of correct timing of echocardiography exam which might prevent potentially fatal consequences such as pulmonary embolism.
Open access behaviours and perceptions of health sciences faculty and roles of information professionals
Authors: Lwoga Edda T. , Questier Frederik 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to investigate the faculty's awareness, attitudes and use of open access, and the role of information professionals in supporting open access (OA) scholarly communication in Tanzanian health sciences universities.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 16 librarians, while questionnaires were physically distributed to 415 faculty members in all eight Tanzanian health sciences universities, with a response rate of 71.1%.ResultsThe study found that most faculty members were aware about OA issues. However, the high level of OA awareness among faculty members did not translate into actual dissemination of faculty's research outputs through OA web avenues. A small proportion of faculty's research materials was made available as OA. Faculty were more engaged with OA journal publishing than with self‐archiving practices. Senior faculty with proficient technical skills were more likely to use open access than junior faculty. Major barriers to OA usage were related to ICT infrastructure, awareness, skills, author‐pay model, and copyright and plagiarism concerns. Interviews with librarians revealed that there was a strong support for promoting OA issues on campus; however, this positive support with various open access‐related tasks did not translate into actual action. It is thus important for librarians and OA administrators to consider all these factors for effective implementation of OA projects in research and academic institutions.ConclusionThis is the first comprehensive and detailed study focusing on the health sciences faculty's and librarians’ behaviours and perceptions of open access initiatives in Tanzania and reveals findings that are useful for planning and implementing open access initiatives in other institutions with similar conditions.
Risk of non‐AIDS‐defining events among HIV‐infected patients not yet on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Zhang S , van Sighem A , Kesselring A , Gras L , Prins JM , Hassink E , Kauffmann R , Richter C , de Wolf F , Reiss P ,   ATHENA national observational HIV cohort study
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesCertain non‐AIDS‐related diseases have been associated with immunodeficiency and HIV RNA levels in HIV‐infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We aimed to investigate these associations in patients not yet on cART, when potential antiretroviral‐drug‐related effects are absent and variation in RNA levels is greater.MethodsAssociations between, on the one hand, time‐updated CD4 counts and plasma HIV RNA and, on the other hand, a composite non‐AIDS‐related endpoint, including major cardiovascular diseases, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and non‐AIDS‐related malignancies, were studied with multivariate Poisson regression models in 12 800 patients diagnosed with HIV infection from 1998 onwards while not yet treated with cART.ResultsDuring 18 646 person‐years of follow‐up, 203 non‐AIDS‐related events occurred. Compared with a CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/μL, adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the composite endpoint were 4.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.98‐7.45] for a CD4 count < 200 cells/μL, 2.06 (95% CI 1.38–3.06) for a CD4 count of 200–349 cells/μL, and 1.19 (95% CI 0.82–1.74) for a CD4 count of 350–499 cells/μL. There was no evidence for an independent association with HIV RNA. Other important covariates were age [RR 1.40 (95% CI 1.31–1.49) per 5 years older], hepatitis B virus coinfection [RR 5.66 (95% CI 3.87–8.28)] and hepatitis C virus coinfection [RR 9.26 (95% CI 6.04–14.2)].ConclusionsIn persons not yet receiving cART, a more severe degree of immunodeficiency rather than higher HIV RNA levels appears to be associated with an increased risk of our composite non‐AIDS‐related endpoint. Larger studies are needed to address these associations for individual non‐AIDS‐related events.
Optimum Soil Water Content for Chickpea Emergence in Heavy‐Textured Soils of North‐West Bangladesh
Authors: Vance W. H. , Bell R. W. , Johansen C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSowing of chickpea in the heavy‐textured soils of north‐west Bangladesh with minimum tillage technology aims to increase the timely planting of large areas during a relatively short sowing window before soil water deficit limits germination and emergence. However, the seedbed conditions into which chickpea is sown need to be better quantified, so that limiting factors which affect germination and emergence can be identified. Two of the soil physical characteristics of importance are soil water and aeration. Growth cabinet studies have identified the fastest germination and emergence of chickpea on representative soils for this area at gravimetric water contents of 17–18 %, whilst soil water contents above and below this delayed germination and emergence. Emergence was recorded at soil water potentials between field capacity (−10 kPa) and wilting point (−1500 kPa). Emergence was possible at lower soil water potentials in the finer textured soil, whilst in coarser textured soil, emergence was still possible at higher soil water potentials.
Fabrication and Upconversion Luminescent Properties of Er3+‐Doped and Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped La2O2CN2 Nanofibers
Authors: Guo Xiaomin , Yu Wensheng , Dong Xiangting , Wang Jinxian , Ma Qianli , Liu Guixia , Yang Ming 
Published: January 2015

La2O2CN2:Er3+and La2O2CN2:Er3+/Yb3+ upconversion (UC) luminescence nanofibers were successfully fabricated via cyanamidation of the respective relevant La2O3:Er3+ and La2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ nanofibers which were obtained by calcining the electrospun composite nanofibers. The morphologies, structures, and properties of the nanofibers are investigated. The mean diameters of La2O2CN2:Er3+ and La2O2CN2:Er3+/Yb3+ nanofibers are 179.46 ± 12.58 nm and 198.85 ± 17.07 nm, respectively. It is found that intense green and weak red emissions around 524, 542, and 658 nm corresponding to the 2H11/2→4I15/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2, and 4F9/2→4Il5/2 energy levels transitions of Er3+ ions are observed for La2O2CN2:Er3+ and La2O2CN2:Er3+/Yb3+ nanofibers under the excitation of a 980‐nm diode laser. Moreover, the emitting colors of La2O2CN2:Er3+ and La2O2CN2:Er3+/Yb3+ nanofibers are all located in the green region. The upconversion luminescent mechanism and formation mechanism of the nanofibers are also proposed.
Outcomes of regenerative treatment with rhPDGF‐BB and rhFGF‐2 for periodontal intra‐bony defects: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khoshkam Vahid , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Lin Guo‐Hao , Mailoa James , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Oh Tae‐Ju 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the effects of recombinant human platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (rhPDGF‐BB) and recombinant human fibroblast growth factor‐2 (rhFGF‐2) on treating periodontal intra‐bony defects, compared to the control (carrier alone).MethodsElectronic and hand searches were performed to identify eligible studies. The weighed mean differences of linear defect fill (LDF), probing depth (PD) reduction, clinical attachment level (CAL) gain and gingival recession (GR) were calculated using random effect meta‐analysis.ResultsThe searches yielded 1018 articles, of which seven studies were included. Only one included study was considered at low risk of bias. The outcomes that reached statistical significance in comparison to carriers alone included: LDF (0.95 mm, 95% CI: 0.62–1.28 mm or 20.17%, 95% CI: 11.81–28.54%) and CAL gain (0.34 mm, 95% CI: 0.03–0.65 mm) for PDGF, and LDF (21.22%, 95% CI: 5.82–36.61%) for FGF‐2.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this review, rhPDGF‐BB demonstrated significantly more LDF and CAL gain; rhFGF‐2 resulted in significantly higher percentage of LDF.
3D and 2D structural characterization of 1D Al/Al2O3 biphasic nanostructures
Authors: MIRÓ M. MARTINEZ , VEITH M. , LEE J. , SOLDERA F. , MÜCKLICH F. , BENNEWITZ R. , AKTAS C. 
Published: January 2015

Summary1D Al/Al2O3 nanostructures have been synthesized by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of the molecular precursor [tBuOAlH2]2. The deposited nanostructures grow chaotically on the substrate forming a layer with a high porosity (80%). Depending on the deposition time, diverse nanostructured surfaces with different distribution densities were achieved. A three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction has been evaluated for every nanostructure density using the Focus Ion Beam (FIB) tomography technique and reconstruction software tools. Several structural parameters such as porosity, Euler number, geometrical tortuosity and aspect ratio have been quantified through the analysis with specified software of the reconstructions. Additionally roughness of the prepared surfaces has been characterized at micro‐ and nanoscale using profilometry and AFM techniques, respectively. While high aspects ratio around 20–30 indicates a strong anisotropy in the structure, high porosity values (around 80%) is observed as a consequence of highly tangled geometry of such 1D nanostructures.
Array tomography: characterizing FAC‐sorted populations of zebrafish immune cells by their 3D ultrastructure
Authors: WACKER IRENE , CHOCKLEY PETER , BARTELS CAROLIN , SPOMER WALDEMAR , HOFMANN ANDREAS , GENGENBACH ULRICH , SINGH SACHIN , THALER MARLENE , GRABHER CLEMENS , SCHRÖDER RASMUS R. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryFor 3D reconstructions of whole immune cells from zebrafish, isolated from adult animals by FAC‐sorting we employed array tomography on hundreds of serial sections deposited on silicon wafers. Image stacks were either recorded manually or automatically with the newly released ZEISS Atlas 5 Array Tomography platform on a Zeiss FEGSEM. To characterize different populations of immune cells, organelle inventories were created by segmenting individual cells. In addition, arrays were used for quantification of cell populations with respect to the various cell types they contained. The detection of immunological synapses in cocultures of cell populations from thymus or WKM with cancer cells helped to identify the cytotoxic nature of these cells. Our results demonstrate the practicality and benefit of AT for high‐throughput ultrastructural imaging of substantial volumes.
Oral‐specific ablation of Klf4 disrupts epithelial terminal differentiation and increases premalignant lesions and carcinomas upon chemical carcinogenesis
Authors: Paparella María L. , Abrigo Marianela , Bal de Kier Joffe Elisa , Raimondi Ana R. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SSC) of the head and neck is the sixth most common cancer and is rarely diagnosed in early stages. The transcription factor Krϋppel‐like factor 4 (Klf4) suppresses cell proliferation and promotes differentiation. Inducible mice carrying an oral‐specific ablation of Klf4 (K14‐CreERtam/Klf4flox/flox) develop mild dysplastic lesions and abnormal differentiation in the tongue. Aiming to analyze whether Klf4 cooperate in oral chemical carcinogenesis,we applied 4‐nitroquinoline 1‐oxide (4NQO), a tobacco surrogate, to this conditional Klf4 knockout mice.MethodsK14‐CreERtam/Klf4flox/flox and control mice were treated with 4NQO for 16 weeks and monitored until week 30. Histopathological samples were used for diagnostic purposes and immunofluorescence detection of epithelial differentiation markers.Results4NQO‐treated K14‐CreERtam/Klf4flox/flox mice (Klf4KO 4NQO) showed a significant weight loss and developed more severe dysplastic lesions than control mice with 4NQO (P < 0.005). The Klf4KO 4NQO showed a tendency to higher incidence of oral SCC and a marked keratinization pattern in dysplasias, in situ carcinomas and SCC. Also, tongues derived from Klf4KO 4NQO mice exhibited reduced terminal differentiation as judged by cytokeratin 1 staining when compared with 4NQO‐treated controls.ConclusionsKlf4 ablation results in more severe dysplastic lesions in oral mucosa, with a tendency to higher incidence of SCC, after chemical carcinogenesis. We show here, in a context similar to the human carcinogenesis, that absence of Klf4 accelerates carcinogenesis and correlates with the absence of cytokeratin 1 expression. These results suggest a potential role for KLF4 as a tumor suppressor gene for the tongue epithelium.