bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of national cancer awareness campaigns for bowel and lung cancer symptoms on sociodemographic inequalities in immediate key symptom awareness and GP attendances
Authors: Moffat J , Bentley A , Ironmonger L , Boughey A , Radford G , Duffy S 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background:
National campaigns focusing on key symptoms of bowel and lung cancer ran in England in 2012, targeting men and women over the age of 50 years, from lower socioeconomic groups.

Methods:
Data from awareness surveys undertaken with samples of the target audience (n=1245/1140 pre-/post-bowel campaign and n=1412/1246 pre-/post-lung campaign) and Read-code data extracted from a selection general practitioner (GP) practices (n=355 for bowel and n=486 for lung) were analysed by population subgroups.

Results:

Unprompted symptom awareness: There were no significant differences in the magnitude of shift in ABC1 vs C2DE groups for either campaign. For the bowel campaign, there was a significantly greater increase in awareness of blood in stools in the age group 75+ years compared with the 55–74 age group, and of looser stools in men compared with women. Prompted symptom awareness: Endorsement of ‘blood in poo’ remained stable, overall and across different population subgroups. Men showed a significantly greater increase in endorsement of ‘looser poo’ as a definite warning sign of bowel cancer than women. There were no significant differences across subgroups in endorsement of a 3-week cough as a definite warning sign of lung cancer. GP attendances: Overall, there were significant increases in attendances for symptoms directly linked to the campaigns, with the largest percentage increase seen in the 50–59 age group. For the bowel campaign, the increase was significantly greater for men and for practices in the most-deprived quintile, whereas for lung the increase was significantly greater for practices in the least-deprived quintile.

Conclusions:
The national bowel and lung campaigns reached their target audience and have also influenced younger and more affluent groups. Differences in impact within the target audience were also seen. There would seem to be no unduly concerning widening in inequalities, but further analyses of the equality of impact across population subgroups is warranted.
Supramolecular protein assembly supports immobilization of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase system as water-insoluble gel
Authors: Tan Cheau Yuaan , Hirakawa Hidehiko , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDiverse applications of the versatile bacterial cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are hampered by their requirement for the auxiliary proteins, ferredoxin reductases and ferredoxins, that transfer electrons to P450s. Notably, this limits the use of P450s as immobilized enzymes for industrial purposes. Herein, we demonstrate the immobilization of a bacterial P450 and its redox protein partners by supramolecular complex formation using a self-assembled heterotrimeric protein. Employment of homodimeric phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH) for cross-linking “proliferating cell nuclear antigen-utilized protein complex of P450 and its two electron transfer-related proteins” (PUPPET) yielded a gelling PUPPET-PTDH system capable of regenerating NADH for electron supply owing to its phosphite oxidation activity. The protein gel catalyzed monooxygenation in the presence of phosphite and NAD+. The gel was completely water-insoluble and could be reused. This concept of oligomeric protein-insolubilized enzymes can be widely applied to various multienzymatic reactions such as cascade reactions and coupling reactions.
A microfluidic live cell assay to study anthrax toxin induced cell lethality assisted by conditioned medium
Authors: Shen Jie , Cai Changzu , Yu Zhilong , Pang Yuhong , Zhou Ying , Qian Lili , Wei Wensheng , Huang Yanyi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt is technically challenging to investigate the function of secreted protein in real time by supply of conditioned medium that contains secreted protein of interest. The internalization of anthrax toxin is facilitated by a secreted protein Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and its receptor and eventually leads to cell lethality. To monitor the dynamic interplay between these components in live cells, we use an integrated microfluidic device to perform the cell viability assays with real-time controlled culture microenvironment in parallel. Conditioned medium, which contains the secreted proteins from specific cell lines, can be continuously pumped towards the cells that exposed to toxin. The exogenous DKK1 secreted from distant cells is able to rescue the sensitivity to toxin for those DKK1-knocked-down cells. This high-throughput assay allows us to precisely quantify the dynamic interaction between key components that cause cell death and provide independent evidence of the function of DKK1 in the complex process of anthrax toxin internalization.
Inspections of radiocesium concentration levels in rice from Fukushima Prefecture after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Nihei Naoto , Tanoi Keitaro , Nakanishi Tomoko M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe summarize the inspections of radiocesium concentration levels in rice produced in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, for 3 years from the nuclear accident in 2011. In 2011, three types of verifications, preliminary survey, main inspection and emergency survey, revealed that rice with radiocesium concentration levels over 500 Bq/kg (the provisional regulation level until March 2012 in Japan) was identified in the areas north and west of the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The internal exposure of an average adult eating rice grown in the area north of the nuclear plant was estimated as 0.05 mSv/year. In 2012, Fukushima Prefecture authorities decided to investigate the radiocesium concentration levels in all rice using custom-made belt conveyor testers. Notably, rice with radiocesium concentration levels over 100 Bq/kg (the new standard since April 2012 in Japan) were detected in only 71 and 28 bags out of the total 10,338,000 in 2012 and 11,001,000 in 2013, respectively. We considered that there were almost no rice exceeding 100 Bq/kg produced in Fukushima Prefecture after 3 years from the nuclear accident and the safety of Fukushima's rice were ensured because of the investigation of all rice.
An effective biphase system accelerates hesperidinase-catalyzed conversion of rutin to isoquercitrin
Authors: Wang Jun , Gong An , Yang Cai-Feng , Bao Qi , Shi Xin-Yi , Han Bei-Bei , Wu Xiang-Yang , Wu Fu-An 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIsoquercitrin is a rare, natural ingredient with several biological activities that is a key precursor for the synthesis of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ). The enzymatic production of isoquercitrin from rutin catalyzed by hesperidinase is feasible; however, the bioprocess is hindered by low substrate concentration and a long reaction time. Thus, a novel biphase system consisting of [Bmim][BF4]:glycine-sodium hydroxide (pH 9) (10:90, v/v) and glyceryl triacetate (1:1, v/v) was initially established for isoquercitrin production. The biotransformation product was identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and the bonding mechanism of the enzyme and substrate was inferred using circular dichroism spectra and kinetic parameters. The highest rutin conversion of 99.5% and isoquercitrin yield of 93.9% were obtained after 3 h. The reaction route is environmentally benign and mild and the biphase system could be reused. The substrate concentration was increased 2.6-fold, the reaction time was reduced to three tenths the original time. The three-dimensional structure of hesperidinase was changed in the biphase system, which α-helix and random content were reduced and β-sheet content was increased. Thus, the developed biphase system can effectively strengthen the hesperidinase-catalyzed synthesis of isoquercitrin with high yield.
Protein phosphorylation detection using dual-mode field-effect devices and nanoplasmonic sensors
Authors: Bhalla Nikhil , Di Lorenzo Mirella , Pula Giordano , Estrela Pedro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPhosphorylation by kinases is an important post-translational modification of proteins. It is a critical control for the regulation of vital cellular activities and its dysregulation is implicated in several diseases. A common drug discovery approach involves, therefore, time-consuming screenings of large libraries of candidate compounds to identify novel inhibitors of protein kinases. In this work, we propose a novel method that combines localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and electrolyte insulator semiconductor (EIS)-based proton detection for the rapid identification of novel protein kinase inhibitors. In particular, the selective detection of thiophosphorylated proteins by LSPR is achieved by changing their resonance properties via a pre-binding with gold nanoparticles. In parallel, the EIS field-effect structure allows the real-time electrochemical monitoring of the protein phosphorylation by detecting the release of protons associated with the kinases activity. This innovative combination of both field-effect and nanoplasmonic sensing makes the detection of protein phosphorylation more reliable and effective. As a result, the screening of protein kinase inhibitors becomes more rapid, sensitive, robust and cost-effective.
Stable semiconductor black phosphorus (BP)@titanium dioxide (TiO2) hybrid photocatalysts
Authors: Uk Lee Hyun , Lee Soon Chang , Won Jonghan , Son Byung-Chul , Choi Saehae , Kim Yooseok , Park So Young , Kim Hee-Sik , Lee Young-Chul , Lee Jouhahn 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOver the past few decades, two-dimensional (2D) and layered materials have emerged as new fields. Due to the zero-band-gap nature of graphene and the low photocatalytic performance of MoS2, more advanced semiconducting 2D materials have been prompted. As a result, semiconductor black phosphorus (BP) is a derived cutting-edge post-graphene contender for nanoelectrical application, because of its direct-band-gap nature. For the first time, we report on robust BP@TiO2 hybrid photocatalysts offering enhanced photocatalytic performance under light irradiation in environmental and biomedical fields, with negligible affected on temperature and pH conditions, as compared with MoS2@TiO2 prepared by the identical synthesis method. Remarkably, in contrast to pure few layered BP, which, due to its intrinsic sensitivity to oxygen and humidity was readily dissolved after just several uses, the BP@TiO2 hybrid photocatalysts showed a ~92% photocatalytic activity after 15 runs. Thus, metal-oxide-stabilized BP photocatalysts can be practically applied as a promising alternative to graphene and MoS2.
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Dynamics
Authors: Park Sung Jin , Jeong Jaehoon , Park Young-Un , Park Kyung-Sun , Lee Haeryun , Lee Namgyu , Kim Sung-Mo , Kuroda Keisuke , Nguyen Minh Dang , Kaibuchi Kozo , Park Sang Ki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDisrupted-in-schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has emerged as a convincing susceptibility gene for multiple mental disorders, but its mechanistic link to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia related psychiatric conditions is yet to be further understood. Here, we showed that DISC1 localizes to the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). EXOC1, a subunit of the exocyst complex, interacted with DISC1 and affected its recruitment to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (IP3R1). Notably, knockdown of DISC1 and EXOC1 elicited an exaggerated ER calcium response upon stimulation of IP3R agonists. Similar abnormal ER calcium responses were observed in hippocampal neurons from DISC1-deficient mutant mice. Moreover, perturbation of ER calcium dynamics upon DISC1 knockdown was effectively reversed by treatment with antipsychotic drugs, such as clozapine and haloperidol. These results collectively indicate that DISC1 is a regulatory factor in ER calcium dynamics, linking a perturbed intracellular calcium signaling and schizophrenia pathogenesis.
A laboratory investigation of interactions between denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) and anammox processes in anoxic environments
Authors: Hu Shihu , Zeng Raymond J. , Haroon Mohamed F. , Keller Jurg , Lant Paul A. , Tyson Gene W. , Yuan Zhiguo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study investigates interactions between recently identified denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes in controlled anoxic laboratory reactors. Two reactors were seeded with the same inocula containing DAMO organisms Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens and Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera and anammox organism Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. Both were fed with ammonium and methane, but one was also fed with nitrate and the other with nitrite, providing anoxic environments with different electron acceptors. After steady state reached in several months, the DAMO process became solely/primarily responsible for nitrate reduction while the anammox process became solely responsible for nitrite reduction in both reactors. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing showed that the nitrate-driven DAMO organism M. nitroreducens dominated both the nitrate-fed (~70%) and the nitrite-fed (~26%) reactors, while the nitrite-driven DAMO organism M. oxyfera disappeared in both communities. The elimination of M. oxyfera from both reactors was likely the results of this organism being outcompeted by anammox bacteria for nitrite. K.stuttgartiensis was detected at relatively low levels (1–3%) in both reactors.
Effect of rapid thermal annealing on InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells
Authors: Lam Phu Minh , Wu Jiang , Hatch Sabina , Kim Dongyoung , Tang Mingchu , Liu Huiyun , Wilson James , Allison Rebecca 
Published: March 2015

The effect of post‐growth annealing on InAs/GaAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs) is studied. A significant improvement in photoemission, photocurrent density and spectral response was observed with post‐growth annealing. The optimal anneal temperature was found to be 700°C, which lead to an 18% improvement in current density from 4.9 mA cm−2 for as‐grown sample to 5.8 mA cm−2. We assign this enhanced performance to the reduced density of inherent point defects that was formed at the quantum dot (QD) and GaAs barrier. Post‐growth thermal annealing of QDSCs is demonstrated as a simple route for achieving improved device performance.
Pollinator recognition by a keystone tropical plant
Authors: Betts Matthew G. , Hadley Adam S. , Kress W. John 
Published: March 2015

Significance
By using structural characteristics, such as long tubular flowers, plants are known to achieve selective visitation by certain pollinator species. These morphological traits typically arise over evolutionary timescales. We show for the first time, to our knowledge, that at least one plant has also evolved the capacity to recognize pollinator species immediately after visitation, thereby increasing the likelihood that a flower visitor has delivered high-quality pollen. This novel responsiveness by the plant leads to functional specialization in an apparently generalized tropical plant–pollinator network. Such specialized linkages likely facilitate coevolution but also, render pollination mutualisms more vulnerable to environmental change.
TALE nickase-mediatedSP110knockin endows cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis
Authors: Wu Haibo , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Yan , Yang Mingqi , Lv Jiaxing , Liu Jun , Zhang Yong 
Published: March 2015

SignificanceBovine tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that affects a broad range of mammalian hosts. It is a serious threat to agriculture in many less-developed countries. In this study, we introduced a mutation to the FokI of the right hand of wild-type transcription activator-like effector nuclease and established a transcription activator-like effector nickase system that creates single-strand breaks in the genome. Then we used this system to add the mouse geneSP110to a specific location in the bovine genome and created transgenic cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. Our results contribute to the control and prevention of bovine tuberculosis and provide a previously unidentified insight into breeding animals for disease resistance.
Spray-combustion synthesis: Efficient solution route to high-performance oxide transistors
Authors: Yu Xinge , Smith Jeremy , Zhou Nanjia , Zeng Li , Guo Peijun , Xia Yu , Alvarez Ana , Aghion Stefano , Lin Hui , Yu Junsheng , Chang Robert P. H. , Bedzyk Michael J. , Ferragut Rafael , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Although impressive progress in solution-processed metal-oxide (MO) electronics has been achieved, fundamental science challenges remain concerning whether solution-processed MO materials and particularly technologically relevant, indium-gallium-tin-oxide (IGZO), can achieve efficient and stable charge transport characteristics when processed at low temperatures for short times and how IGZO film density, porosity, carrier mobility, and charge trapping can be manipulated. Here, we report a coating technique, spray-combustion synthesis, and demonstrate IGZO semiconductor thickness, densification, nanoporosity, electron mobility, trap densities, and bias stress stability approaching the quality of sputtered films.
Perceived intent motivates people to magnify observed harms
Authors: Ames Daniel L. , Fiske Susan T. 
Published: March 2015

SignificanceThis paper examines how detecting harmful intent creates downstream consequences for assessing damage, magnifying its cost. If intentional harms seem worse, society may spend more money on them than on objectively more damaging unintentional harms or on naturally occurring harms. Why might this occur? Various psychological theories identify the cause as motivation; however, the presence of this motivation has been inferred indirectly. Drawing on animal-model research, we present more direct evidence for blame motivation, and discuss how it may help to explain the magnification of intentional harms. This approach acknowledges the nonrational biases in damage estimates and potential policy priorities.
Innoz Technologies: the powerhouse of innovation
Authors: Puri Roma , Kumar Amit 
Published: March 2015

Subject area
Entrepreneurship, innovation, marketing and strategy.

Study level/applicability
Master's, postgraduate and executive level programs.

Case overview
Deepak Ravindran, an engineering student at LBS College, Kerala, India, was attempting to launch Innoz. The company flagship product SMSGyan will allow users to access information on low-end mobile devices with no Internet connectivity. With the improvement in the Internet standards and rapidly growing smartphone users, selling SMSGyan never came easy to Innoz. The case explores challenges faced during the transformation of a start-up into a profit-generating business. The case describes the dilemma faced by Deepak Ravindran and key role players of Innoz to sustain in business in the scenario of dynamic technologies. Should they re-innovate the technology that was limited for low-end mobile users? Innoz being at the bottom of the pyramid innovation is the key competitive advantage. Low-cost or niche market or differentiation connects this case to the basic business strategy concepts. Through this case, students learn about many practical issues related to technology development in the global competitive environment. They are also exposed to broader trends and facets of start-ups and globalization. The Innoz case is designed to stimulate discussion of broad array of issues encountered by the early start-ups. In particular, it deals with introducing innovation and entrepreneurship skills leading to social change.

Expected learning outcomes
To identify new business opportunities for non-Internet mobile users. To explore various possibilities of application services for low-end mobile users. Evaluate the advantages and liabilities of expanding globally at a very early start-up stage. The case focuses on Innoz's early development with only concept in hand and transforming it into a profit-generating business. To develop and give exposure to entrepreneurship skill set in students. To understand learning and strategies behind setting up of start-ups and the motivating self-driven skills. Discussion on innovative use of technology as a stream of business. Silicon valley culture adaptation into Indian context. To highlight use of mobile technology for teaching and learning. To showcase how entrepreneur skill in business can lead to social transformation.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
Different approximate models of the sectional method for nanoparticle Brownian coagulation
Authors: Chen Zhongli , Yuan Fangyang , Jiang R.J. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The original v2-based sectional method assumes that the selected property quantity of particles is uniformly distributed in each section, which makes particle size distribution (PSD) fluctuate dramatically in the entire size range. The number concentration in each section as well as the zeroth moment of PSD also cannot be correctly predicted in case there are not enough sections used in calculation. In order to provide a more appropriate representation of PSD, different approximate models are used to close the conservation equations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The uniform distribution of the selected property quantity of particles in each section is not necessarily satisfied. Instead, the distribution is approximated using an expression with an approximation factor. Different models are investigated on recovering the initial size distribution and predicting the time evolution of size distribution as well as the first three moments so that the advantages and disadvantages of each model can be compared.Findings– The approximate model with an approximation factor of 0.8 is capable of predicting the time evolution of the zeroth moment accurately no matter how many sections are used in simulations. The original v2-based model is recommended to calculate the first and second moments as long as the section number is larger than 50, otherwise, the model with an approximation factor of 0.15 would be a preferred choice.Originality/value– Different approximate models can be used to improve the accuracy of the results supposing we know which moment is of great importance in calculation.
Thermal decomposition of unsteady non-Newtonian MHD Couette flow with variable properties
Authors: Makinde Daniel Oluwole , Franks Oswald 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Couette flow of an electrically conducting incompressible non-Newtonian third grade reactive fluid with temperature-dependent variable viscosity and thermal conductivity properties under isothermal surface conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
– The coupled non-linear partial differential equations for momentum and energy balance governing the transient problem are obtained and tackled numerically using a semi-discretization finite difference technique.

Findings
– The effects of various embedded thermophysical parameters on the velocity and temperature fields including skin friction, Nusselt number and thermal stability conditions are presented graphically and discussed quantitatively.

Practical implications
– The approach is applicable to modelling the complex physical phenomenon in MHD lubrications that occurs in numerous areas of engineering and industrial processes.

Originality/value
– This paper may be of industrial and engineering interest especially in understanding the combined effects of unsteadiness, variable thermophysical properties and magnetic field on the thermal stability condition for a reactive non-Newtonian third grade fluid under Couette flow scenario.