bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesocarnivore sensitivity to natural and anthropogenic disturbance leads to declines in occurrence and concern for species persistence
Authors: Ganoe Laken S. , Mayer Amy E. , Brown Charles , Gerber Brian D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding mesocarnivore responses to both natural and anthropogenic disturbance is crucial for understanding species' potential to maintain landscape persistence into the future. We examined the response of five mesocarnivore species (bobcat, coyote, fisher, gray fox, and red fox) to both types of disturbances and climatic conditions. The Northeastern U.S. has experienced multiple large‐scale disturbances, such as a mass defoliation event following larval spongy moth outbreak and high densities of infrastructure that divide the natural landcover into roadless zones where these species inhabit. Using dynamic occupancy models in a Bayesian framework, we aimed to (1) examine variation in species' responses over a 4‐year study by estimating variation in site‐level occupancy, colonization and extirpation of each species in the state of Rhode Island relative to natural disturbance (i.e., defoliation event), anthropogenic disturbance (i.e., parceling of natural landcover bounded by roads, distance to roads), and climate (i.e., seasonal precipitation) and (2) compare current occurrence trends to predicted asymptotic occupancy to identify key variables contributing to distribution instability. Our findings indicated declines in the occurrence of both fox species, and fisher. There was variation in mesocarnivore response to disturbance among the species. We found gray fox and fisher occupancy dynamics to be sensitive to all forms of disturbance and coyote occurrence was positively associated with anthropogenic disturbance. Although bobcat and red fox were predicted to respond positively to future climate scenarios, fisher and gray fox were not, and persistence of fisher and gray fox in a landscape of disturbance relies on large areas with high forest and shrubland cover. With the wide‐spread spongy moth outbreak across much of southern New England, our findings indicate that efforts to conserve forested lands may be crucial in maintaining the persistence of several mesocarnivore species in this region experiencing large‐scale disturbance.
The temperate marine Peruvian Province: How history accounts for its unusual biota
Authors: Vermeij Geerat J. , DeVries Thomas J. , Griffin Miguel , Nielsen Sven N. , Ochoa Diana , Rivadeneira Marcelo M. , Salas‐Gismondi Rodolfo , Valdovinos Fernanda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Peruvian Province, from 6° S in Peru to 42° S in Chile, is a highly productive coastal marine region whose biology and fossil record have long been studied separately but never integrated. To understand how past events and conditions affected today's species composition and interactions, we examined the role of extinction, colonization, geologic changes to explain previously unrecognized peculiar features of the biota and to compare the Peruvian Province's history to that of other climatically similar temperate coasts. We synthesized all available data on the benthic (or benthically feeding) biota, with emphasis on fossilizable taxa, for the interval from the Miocene (23–5.4 Ma) and Pliocene (5.4–2.5 Ma) to the present. We outline the history of ecological guilds including primary producers, herbivores, predators, and suspension‐feeders and document patterns of extinction, colonization, and geographic restriction. We identify twelve unusual attributes of the biota, most of which are the result of repeated episodes of extinction. Several guilds present during the Miocene and Pliocene are not represented in the province today, while groups such as kelps and perhaps intertidal predatory sea stars are relative newcomers. Guilds on soft bottoms and in sheltered habitats were severely affected by extinction, whereas those on hard bottoms were most affected by colonists and held their own in diversity. The Peruvian Province has not served as a biogeographic refuge, in contrast to the coasts of Australasia and Argentina, where lineages no longer present in the Peruvian Province survive. The loss of sheltered habitats since the Pliocene explains many of the present‐day peculiarities of the biota. The history of the province's biota explains its unique attributes. High productivity, a rich Southern Hemisphere heritage, and colonization from the north account for the present‐day composition and unusual characteristics of the biota.
Indexing left ventricular end‐systolic dimension to body size: Association with mortality in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation
Authors: Tribouilloy Christophe , Rusinaru Dan , Grigioni Francesco , Avierinos Jean‐François , Vanoverschelde Jean‐Louis , Benfari Giovanni , Bursi Francesca , Barbieri Andrea , Bohbot Yohann , Essayagh Benjamin , Michelena Hector , Enriquez‐Sarano Maurice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsIn patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR), left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is associated with increased risk of heart failure and excess mortality. LV end‐systolic diameter (LVESD) is an established trigger for intervention, yet recommended LVESD thresholds apply poorly to patients with small body size. Whether LV normalization to body surface area (BSA) may be used as a trigger for DMR correction is unknown. We examined the link between LVESD index (LVESDi) and outcome in DMR to identify appropriate thresholds for excess mortality.Methods and resultsThis study focuses on 2753 consecutive patients with DMR due to flail leaflets diagnosed in tertiary centres from Europe and the United States, with prospective echocardiographic measurement of LVESD and BSA and long‐term follow‐up. The primary endpoint was mortality after diagnosis under conservative management. Secondary endpoints were mortality under conservative and surgical management and postoperative mortality of patients who underwent surgery. The optimal LVESDi cut‐off for mortality prediction was 20 mm/m2. Irrespective of management type, 10‐year survival was lower with LVESDi ≥20 mm/m2 than with LVESDi <20 mm/m2 (both p < 0.001). After covariate adjustment, LVESDi ≥20 mm/m2 was independently predictive of mortality under conservative management (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–1.75), and with conservative and surgical management (adjusted HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17–1.54). LVESDi remained associated with poorer postoperative outcome in patients who underwent intervention. LVESDi showed higher incremental predictive value over the baseline model compared to LVESD. The association between LVESDi ≥20 mm/m2 and outcome was consistent in subgroups of patients with DMR.ConclusionsIn severe DMR due to flail leaflets, LVESDi is a marker of risk additive and incremental to LVESD. Its use in clinical practice should lead to earlier referral to mitral valve surgery and improved long‐term outcome.
Experimental study on the effects of complex discrete joints on the mechanical behavior of rock‐like material
Authors: Tang Qingteng , Wang Xingkai , Xie Wenbing , Liu Zuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe strength and failure of rock masses are ambiguous due to their complex structure. Investigating the strength and failure of jointed rock mass remains a persistent concern in mining engineering. This study aims to investigate the effects of joint dip angles of complex discrete joints on the mechanical properties and fracture evolution of rock‐like material. Rock‐like specimens with complex joints were prepared using 3D printing technology and then tested under uniaxial compression loading. The experimental results reveal the following findings: (1) The anisotropy of rock‐like material with complex joints is lower compared to the rock‐like material with simple joints. (2) The ratio of long‐term strength to uniaxial compressive strength of rock‐like material remains consistent despite changes in the dip angle of the joints. (3) Differing from intact rocks, AE events of the rock‐like material with complex joints are obvious in the initial loading stage and elastic deformation stage. (4) When the dip angle of the joint sets is 0 and 90°, fractures progressively propagate, and the failure mode of the rock‐like material demonstrates tensile failure along the pre‐existing joints. Conversely, when the dip angle of the joint sets is 45° and 135°, fractures are simultaneously initiated at various locations within the rock‐like specimen, resulting in a failure mode of rotational failure by the newly generated block.
Compatible effects of adopting imaginary future generations and systems thinking in exploring future challenges: Evidence from a deliberation experiment
Authors: Hara Keishiro , Fuchigami Yukari , Arai Takanobu , Nomaguchi Yutaka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe adopted an innovative methodology that combines systems thinking with “imaginary future generations” (IFGs), a method for activating “futurability” in people, to discussions about the issues and needs of a future society, and we verified the effectiveness and value of this methodology. We conducted a series of five debate experiments in which groups comprised of company employees and university students worked to formulate a vision of the future state, social issues, and social needs of society in 2050, and to investigate policies that should be adopted in the years ahead. The results of a text analysis of group debates and questionnaire surveys of debate participants showed that (1) adopting IFGs facilitates the exploration of new issues and needs when depicting the images of the future state of society; (2) adopting IFGs gives rise to recognized cognitive changes in debate participants; and (3) combining the IFG methodology with causal loop diagrams (CLDs), a systems thinking tool, makes it possible to generate the effects of systems thinking while simultaneously maintaining a “future generation” perspective. Most importantly, the results show that the IFG methodology and CLDs could be compatible. These findings demonstrate that a combination of IFGs and systems thinking can effectively be used in discussions and decision‐making that deal with complex issues related to the future of society.
Sensitivity and specificity of the action observation network to kinematics, target object, and gesture meaning
Authors: Simonelli Francesca , Handjaras Giacomo , Benuzzi Francesca , Bernardi Giulio , Leo Andrea , Duzzi Davide , Cecchetti Luca , Nichelli Paolo F. , Porro Carlo A. , Pietrini Pietro , Ricciardi Emiliano , Lui Fausta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHierarchical models have been proposed to explain how the brain encodes actions, whereby different areas represent different features, such as gesture kinematics, target object, action goal, and meaning. The visual processing of action‐related information is distributed over a well‐known network of brain regions spanning separate anatomical areas, attuned to specific stimulus properties, and referred to as action observation network (AON). To determine the brain organization of these features, we measured representational geometries during the observation of a large set of transitive and intransitive gestures in two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments. We provided evidence for a partial dissociation between kinematics, object characteristics, and action meaning in the occipito‐parietal, ventro‐temporal, and lateral occipito‐temporal cortex, respectively. Importantly, most of the AON showed low specificity to all the explored features, and representational spaces sharing similar information content were spread across the cortex without being anatomically adjacent. Overall, our results support the notion that the AON relies on overlapping and distributed coding and may act as a unique representational space instead of mapping features in a modular and segregated manner.
Optimization of the cold‐side heat exchanger design to improve the performance of the motorcycle exhaust thermoelectric generator
Authors: Hong Thong Duc , Nguyen Duc Hong Tran , Pham Minh Quang , Van Huynh Em Bao , Tran Tien Anh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study optimizes the main parameters of the cold‐side heat exchanger (CHE) longitudinal fin, including fin quantity (Nf), fin thickness (Tf), and fin height (Hf), to enhance the performance of motorcycle exhaust thermoelectric generator units (TGUs) utilizing the computational fluid dynamics approach. The investigation shows that these parameters significantly affect the dissipation area of the CHE heat and the outside air velocity distribution in fin gaps, resulting in the fluctuation of TGU output power. The output power increases with respect to Hf; nevertheless, it first increases as Nf and Tf increase but decreases dramatically when Nf or Tf becomes too large. Besides, Hf significantly affects output power, and its impact is almost independent of Tf and Nf, and vice versa; meanwhile, Tf and Nf have a strong relation. This study proposes two Hf of 40 and 60 mm along with the optimal Tf of 1 mm and Nf of 29, providing significantly high output power, low weight, and compact size for TGU. This work contributes insight into the effect of CHE parameters on the TGU performance, and it is a crucial case study for selecting suitable heat sink parameters for TGU, considering practical requirements and conditions.
Anisotropic thermally conductive films based on two‐dimensional nanomaterials
Authors: Li Lei , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe significant advancement of high‐power densification and miniaturization in modern electronic devices has attracted increasing attention to effective thermal management. The primary objective of thermal management is to transfer excess heat from electronics to the outside environment through the use of thermal conductive materials. The anisotropic thermally conductive films (TCFs) based on two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials exhibit outstanding controlled heat transfer capability, which effectively removes hotspots along the in‐plane direction and provides thermal insulation along the cross‐plane direction. However, a comprehensive review of anisotropic TCFs is rarely reported. Herein, we first discuss the intrinsic anisotropic thermal conductivity of 2D nanomaterials for preparing TCFs. Then, the preparation methods and anisotropic thermal conductivity of TCFs have been summarized and discussed. Furthermore, we conclude with the practical applications of TCFs for anisotropy thermal management. Finally, a conclusion of the challenges and outlook of TCFs is provided to promote their development in future scientific research.
Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in postsecondary students exposed to childhood psychological abuse: Exploring the role of negative meta‐emotions
Authors: Watts Justin R. , Lazzareschi Nicholas R. , Warwick Lindsey A. , Gaa Melissa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChildhood psychological abuse (CPA) has failed to obtain substantial focus in existing literature when compared to other types of child maltreatment (CM), though those exposed are more likely to experience lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and report more severe symptoms. Far less is known regarding mechanisms predicting the maintenance and development of PTSD among young adults with CPA histories. With these factors in mind, our study examined the relationship between type of CM, negative meta‐emotions (i.e., negative emotional appraisals about one's emotions; NMEs), and current PTSD symptomology among a sample of college students (N = 387). Findings from correlational and multiple regression analyses indicated that CPA was the most substantial predictor of NMEs in our sample. Further, among those exposed to CPA, NMEs explained 42.6% of the variance in present PTSD symptoms. Finally, we discuss implications for counseling practice and future research.
Hakai, a novel Runx2 interacting protein, augments osteoblast differentiation by rescuing Runx2 from Smurf2‐mediated proteasome degradation
Authors: Upadhyay Vishal , Sharma Shivani , Sethi Arppita , Singh Anil Kumar , Chowdhury Sangita , Srivastava Swati , Mishra Shivkant , Singh Shyam , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Trivedi Arun Kumar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRunt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a key regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In Runx2‐deficient embryos, skeletal development ceases at the cartilage anlage stage. These embryos die of respiratory failure upon birth and display a complete absence of bone and cartilage mineralization. Here, we identified Hakai, a type of E3 ubiquitin ligase as a potential Runx2 interacting partner through affinity pulldown‐based proteomic approach. Subsequently, we observed that similar to Runx2, Hakai was downregulated in osteopenic ovariectomized rats, suggesting its involvement in bone formation. Consistent with this observation, Hakai overexpression significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation in mesenchyme‐like C3H10T1/2 as well as primary rat calvaria osteoblast (RCO) cells in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of a catalytically inactive Hakai mutant (C109A) exhibited minimal to no effect, whereas Hakai depletion markedly reduced endogenous Runx2 levels and impaired osteogenic differentiation in both C3H10T1/2 and RCOs. Mechanistically, Hakai physically interacts with Runx2 and enhances its protein turnover by rescuing it from Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2)‐mediated proteasome degradation. Wild‐type Hakai but not Hakai‐C109A inhibited Smurf2 protein levels through proteasome‐mediated degradation. These findings underscore Hakai's functional role in bone formation, primarily through its positive modulation of Runx2 protein turnover by protecting it from Smurf2‐mediated ubiquitin‐proteasomal degradation. Collectively, our results demonstrate Hakai as a promising novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.
The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at the Central Plains Experimental Range: Collaborative adaptive rangeland management
Authors: Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D. , Porensky Lauren M. , Hoover David L. , Ritten John P. , Kearney Sean P. , Ma Liwang , Peck Dannele , Wilmer Hailey ,   the CARM Stakeholder Group
Published: July 2024

AbstractSemiarid rangelands throughout the western Great Plains support livestock production and many other ecosystem services. The degree to which adaptive multi‐paddock (AMP) grazing management approaches can help achieve desired ecosystem services remains unclear. At the Central Plains Experimental Range in northeastern Colorado, a management‐science partnership with a diverse stakeholder group is comparing collaborative adaptive rangeland management (CARM), designed to incorporate AMP principles, to traditional rangeland management (TRM), consisting of season‐long grazing during the growing season. Each treatment was implemented on a set of 10, 130‐ha pastures paired by soils, topography, and plant communities to evaluate how CARM affects vegetation (composition and production), livestock production (steer weight gain), and wildlife habitat (vegetation structure for grassland birds). For the first 5 years of the experiment, CARM cattle were managed as a single herd using AMP grazing with planned year‐long rest in 20% of the pastures. Relative to TRM, CARM enhanced heterogeneity in vegetation structure across the landscape, benefiting two grassland bird species. However, this came at the cost of 12%–16% lower steer weight gains in CARM versus TRM and declining populations of a third bird species of conservation concern in both treatments. Here we discuss how increased understanding of ecological and social processes during the experiment's first 5 years led to changes in the CARM treatment and management objectives during the next 5 years. We also discuss how innovations in remote sensing, environmental sensors, ecosystem modeling, social learning, and economic analyses are being integrated into and supported by the CARM experiment.
Immunometabolites in viral infections: Action mechanism and function
Authors: Bouzari Behnaz , Chugaeva Uliana Y. , Karampoor Sajad , Mirzaei Rasoul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe interplay between viral pathogens and host metabolism plays a pivotal role in determining the outcome of viral infections. Upon viral detection, the metabolic landscape of the host cell undergoes significant changes, shifting from oxidative respiration via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to increased aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic shift is accompanied by elevated nutrient accessibility, which is vital for cell function, development, and proliferation. Furthermore, depositing metabolites derived from fatty acids, TCA intermediates, and amino acid catabolism accelerates the immunometabolic transition, facilitating pro‐inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. Immunometabolites refer to small molecules involved in cellular metabolism regulating the immune response. These molecules include nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, along with metabolic intermediates and signaling molecules adenosine, lactate, itaconate, succinate, kynurenine, and prostaglandins. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolites released by immune cells establish a complex interaction network within local niches, orchestrating and fine‐tuning immune responses during viral diseases. However, our current understanding of the immense capacity of metabolites to convey essential cell signals from one cell to another or within cellular compartments remains incomplete. Unraveling these complexities would be crucial for harnessing the potential of immunometabolites in therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss specific immunometabolites and their mechanisms of action in viral infections, emphasizing recent findings and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.
Performance evaluation of the MAGLUMI Hepatitis B virus surface antigen chemiluminescence immunoassay
Authors: Shen Lihong , Zhang Yun , Shi Min , Shao Lijia , Feng Shengchun , Li Weiting , Fang Zhonggang , Yin Jun , Li Tinghua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA highly sensitive and reliable Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) measurement is essential to universal screening, timely diagnosis, and management of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of MAGLUMI HBsAg chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). MAGLUMI HBsAg (CLIA) was compared against ARCHITECT HBsAg. 411 HBsAg positive samples, including different stages of infection, genotypes, subtypes, mutants, and 30 seroconversion panels were tested to evaluate diagnostic sensitivity. Diagnostic specificity was evaluated by testing 205 hospitalized samples and 5101 blood donor samples. Precision, limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), and linearity were also verified. The diagnostic sensitivity of the MAGLUMI HBsAg (CLIA) was 100% with better seroconversion sensitivity than ARCHITECT HBsAg. The MAGLUMI HBsAg (CLIA) has optimal detection efficacy for HBV subgenotypes samples. The analytical sensitivity is 0.039 IU/mL. The initial diagnostic specificity is 99.63% on blood donors and 96.59% on hospitalized samples. The verification data demonstrated high repeatability, a LoB of 0.02 IU/mL, LoD of 0.05 IU/mL and an excellent linearity of 0.050–250 IU/mL (R2 = 0.9946). The MAGLUMI HBsAg (CLIA) is proved a highly sensitive and reliable assay with optimal subgenotype detection efficacy.