bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program Directors' Perceptions of Programmatic Attributes Contributing to Athletic Training Student Persistence
Authors: Bowman Thomas G. , Dodge Thomas M. , Mazerolle Stephanie M. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Graduates of athletic training programs (ATPs) have identified factors contributing to their persistence through professional education. However, program directors have yet to elaborate on programmatic attributes that might contribute to athletic training student retention in their respective ATPs.

Objective
To determine program directors' perceptions of ATP strengths and areas for improvement regarding athletic training student retention.

Design
Qualitative study.

Setting
Bachelor's ATPs.

Patients or Other Participants
Sixteen ATP directors with 6.0 ± 4.0 years of experience in their current positions.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The participants completed audio recorded telephone interviews. We analyzed the data using principles of grounded theory and maintained trustworthiness using multiple-analyst triangulation, peer review, and member checks.

Results
We found 2 themes to describe the strengths of bachelor's ATPs. Our participants thought that they provided a student-centered approach and diverse clinical education experiences leading to a supportive and exciting environment to foster athletic training student learning. We categorized the student centered approach theme into 3 subthemes: program size, student engagement and program atmosphere, and academic and clinical cohesion.

Conclusions
Program directors should strive to provide athletic training students with individual attention to help them feel welcomed, valued, and important. A small program size or adequate personnel can foster interpersonal relations which can provide athletic training students with mentoring opportunities. Improving ATP cohesion can provide learning opportunities which assist students in making connections and promote the importance of the academic and clinical education components of the ATP. Engaging athletic training students early through a variety of clinical education experiences can assist professional socialization and foster excitement for the profession.
Who Should Mentor Me? Giving a Voice to Black Women Athletic Training Students
Authors: Siple Bonnie J. , Hopson Rodney K. , Sobehart Helen C. , Turocy Paula S. 
Published: June 2015

ContextBlack women are dramatically underrepresented in the health care profession of athletic training. It may be theorized that one of the reasons more black female students are not entering into the profession of athletic training is that they do not have adequate mentors to successfully guide them.ObjectiveThe purpose of our qualitative study was to examine the perceived effects of mentoring on the retention and credentialing of black women athletic trainers.DesignQualitative.SettingClinical settings.Patients or Other ParticipantsTen certified athletic trainers who self-designate as black women.Main Outcome Measure(s)We conducted one-on-one phone interviews and follow-up on personal case study interviews, which were transcribed verbatim. We performed constant comparative analysis of the data and established trustworthiness via member checks and peer review.Results(1) Mentoring promotes matriculation and successful college completion and credentialing of black women athletic training students, and (2) although shared race and gender are favorable mentor characteristics, accessibility and approachability are more essential traits of mentors.ConclusionsThese findings offer athletic training educators potential insight into ways to improve the athletic training educational success of black women enrolled in athletic training education programs that may lead to their increased participation/advancement in the athletic training profession.
A Subjective and Objective Process for Athletic Training Student Selection
Authors: Hawkins Jeremy R. , McLoda Todd A. , Stanek Justin M. 
Published: June 2015

ContextAdmission decisions are made annually concerning whom to accept into athletic training programs.ObjectiveTo present an approach used to make admissions decisions at an undergraduate athletic training program and to corroborate this information by comparing each aspect to nursing program admission processes.BackgroundAnnually, athletic training students are accepted into athletic training programs based on a variety of criteria. Little is known concerning what criteria are useful when making these decisions. The goal is to admit students who will successfully matriculate through the program and become athletic trainers with state-specified credentials for practice.SynthesisWe present an application process that uses both subjective and objective measures, including an application form, achievement in prerequisite course work, grade point average, directed observation with preceptor evaluation, essay, admittance exam, interview, and letters of recommendation. This approach was compared to processes used to admit undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students.ResultsAlthough some of the information presented in the nursing literature is conflicting, there is sufficient evidence to support the use of a multifaceted approach to admission decisions. The approach presented has helped us reduce student attrition and select students who are more likely to complete all program requirements and sit for the Board of Certification examination upon program completion.Recommendation(s)Include a variety of measurements to inform admission decisions.Conclusion(s)Using a variety of measurements affords a more holistic view of the candidate without relying too heavily on any one component.
Athletic Training Education: There's an App for That
Authors: Keeley Kim , Potteiger Kelly , Brown Christopher D. 
Published: June 2015

Context
Mobile applications (apps) are growing in popularity due to the increased use of smartphones. Many available apps are educational in nature and may provide both students and educators freedom for learning to occur outside of the typical classroom environment.

Objective
To provide a description of relevant apps along with a brief synopsis of the suggested use by both athletic training educators and students. Additional information that may affect a user's app selection, such as cost, size of the download, and consumer ratings, if available, is also included.

Background
Applications (apps) are computer programs written specifically for Internet connected mobile phones and tablets. These programs perform specific functions for the user, usually through a touchscreen interface.

Synthesis
Connected devices are especially popular among the Millennial and Generation Z students now enrolled in various pre-professional healthcare programs. These students were raised with technology inundating their lives; therefore, they tend to desire the use of technology more frequently than older adults.

Results
Many apps are available, however this article highlights selected apps in the categories of (1) injury evaluation and management, (2) anatomy, and (3) productivity.

Recommendation(s)
Educators should become knowledgeable in mobile app technology in order to meet the needs of the new generation of students.

Conclusion(s)
Incorporating apps into athletic training education can enhance the delivery and retention of student knowledge and provide unique educational opportunities.
Homological Properties Relative to Injectively Resolving Subcategories
Authors: Gao Zenghui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLet ε be an injectively resolving subcategory of left R-modules. A left R-module M (resp. right R-module N) is called ε-injective (resp. ε-flat) if Ext1R (G,M) = 0 (resp. TorR1 (N, G) = 0) for any G ∊ ε. Let ε be a covering subcategory. We prove that a left R-module M is E-injective if and only if M is a direct sum of an injective left R-module and a reduced E-injective left R-module. Suppose ℱ is a preenveloping subcategory of right R-modules such that ε+ ⊆ ℱ and ℱ+ ⊆ ε. It is shown that a finitely presented right R-module M is ε-flat if and only if M is a cokernel of an ℱ-preenvelope of a right R-module. In addition, we introduce and investigate the ε-injective and ε-flat dimensions of modules and rings. We also introduce ε-(semi)hereditary rings and ε-von Neumann regular rings and characterize them in terms of ε-injective and ε-flat modules.
The development of exilic poetry in Anglophone West Africa
Authors: Oripeloye Henri 
Published: June 2015

The nineteenth century was a period of migration that was perpetuated by the socio-political and economic instability in the continent; this caused the decline in the quality of life which had forced many people to go on exile. This study provides insights into the development of exilic poetry in Anglophone West Africa to show that exilic literature is not an accidental product; it grows out of the sordid social, political and economic realities in the sub-region. The contemporary development in exilic literary discourseÂ in Anglophone West Africa indicates a radical shift in vision which is informed by the need to use this literature as a writing-back strategy. We have also discovered in this study that exilic literature in Anglophone West Africa has grown from the simple narration of personal feelings to become a radical ideology for re-ordering of human relations. Moreover, this study shows that there is a wide range of forms emerging from exilic literary experience in Anglophone West Africa in the explication of personal feelings, nostalgia, alienation, political and socio-cultural disruptions.
Semen characteristics and sexual hormones of Hy-Plus rabbit bucks influenced by a dietary multi-enzymes additive
Authors: Gado H. , Mellado M. , Salem A. , Zaragoza A. , Seleem T.S.T. 
Published: June 2015

<p>A total of 144 adult Hy-Plus rabbit bucks were randomly assigned into four treatments of 36 replicates each, in a completely randomized design. Animals were fed <em>ad libitum</em> on basal diet supplemented with an enzyme complex (EZ) at 0 (EZ0), 1 (EZ1), 3 (EZ3) and 5 (EZ5) kg/ton of feed. Total sperm count was higher (P&lt;0.05) in EZ5 than in EZ0. Sperm motility increased with increasing levels of the EZ additive being lowest for EZ0 and highest for EZ5 rabbits (P&lt;0.05). Percentage of dead sperm was higher (P&lt;0.05) in EZ0 than in EZ5 rabbits. Rabbit bucks received the highest levele of EZ in their diet, had the shorter reaction time (22.31±3.17 sec; P&lt;0.05),whereas EZ5 bucks took 43.56±5.89 sec to mount does for the first time after exposure. Blood testosterone, 17α-estradiol and progesterone levels were highest in EZ5 rabbits and lowest in EZ0 rabbits. Enzyme addition increased (P&lt;0.05) sperm transit in estrus doe cervical mucus. Data suggested that the EZ additive in diets of adult Hy-Plus rabbit bucks was effective to improve both semen characteristics and sexual drive.</p>
Evaluation of HER2/neu Status by Immunohistochemistry Using Computer-Based Image Analysis and Correlation With Gene Amplification by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay: A 10-Year Experience and Impact of Test Standardization on Concordance Rate
Authors: Sarode Venetia R. , Xiang Qun Diane , Christie Alana , Collins Rebecca , Rao Roshni , Leitch A. Marilyn , Euhus David , Haley Barbara 
Published: June 2015

ContextThe American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists proposed several recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) test standardization. One suggestion was that image analysis (IA) could be useful for scoring of HER2/neu immunohistochemistry. The utilization of IA in a real-world practice in a large cohort of cases has not been previously reported.ObjectivesTo compare HER2/neu quantification by IA with gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); to determine sensitivity, specificity, and concordance rates with the FISH assay; and to determine association between HER2 status with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki-67 expression.DesignWe evaluated HER2 results performed by immunohistochemistry and FISH in conjunction with ER, PR, and Ki-67 in 3093 invasive breast cancer cases from 2002 to 2011.ResultsThe overall concordance between immunohistochemistry and FISH was 87.3% (1768 of 2026). When analyzed by year, there was an improvement in the positive concordance rate from 49.4% (44 of 89) to 95.0% (57 of 60) (P &lt; .001). The negative concordance rate was at least 95% with a median false-negative rate of 1.5%. In the FISH+ group, amplification ratio showed significant correlation with IA scores (P &lt; .001). Positive versus negative HER2 status was associated with lower ER and PR levels (P &lt; .001) and higher Ki-67 expression (P &lt; .001).ConclusionScoring of HER2/neu by IA was associated with high false-positive rates before 2008. Improvement in concordance rate after 2008 may be due to proper tissue handling, improved HER2/neu scoring by IA, and assay standardization.
Difficult Diagnostic Problems in Pancreatobiliary Neoplasia
Authors: Bledsoe Jacob R. , Shinagare Shweta A. , Deshpande Vikram 
Published: June 2015

ContextMany common diagnostic dilemmas are encountered in pancreatobiliary pathology, frequently resulting in uncertainty on behalf of the pathologist and referral for a second opinion.ObjectivesTo review 4 common diagnostic dilemmas encountered in the practice of pancreatobiliary pathology: (1) pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma versus chronic pancreatitis; (2) pancreatic ductal carcinoma versus adenocarcinomas arising in the ampulla and intrapancreatic common bile duct; (3) the distinction of uncommon intraductal neoplasms—intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm, intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm, and intraductal acinar cell carcinoma; and (4) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma versus metastatic carcinoma.Data SourcesA review of pertinent literature, along with the authors' personal experience, based on institutional and consultation materials.ConclusionsImportant diagnostic features for a few challenging problems in pancreatobiliary pathology are reviewed. Careful study of the microscopic features along with awareness of differential diagnoses and diagnostic pitfalls generally allows distinction of these entities. We also highlight established and novel ancillary studies that help to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
Pathophysiology and Diseases of the Proximal Pathways of the Biliary System
Authors: Nakanishi Yukihiro , Saxena Romil 
Published: June 2015

Context
Diseases of the proximal pathways of the biliary system can be divided into those that affect the interlobular bile ducts and those that affect the bile canaliculi. The former include primary biliary cirrhosis, small-duct variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis, graft-versus-host disease, and drug-induced liver injury, whereas the latter include progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and drug-induced liver injury.

Objective
To summarize the current state of knowledge of diseases of the proximal pathways of the biliary system, with special emphasis on clinical presentation, pathological features, and differential diagnosis.

Data Sources
Clinicopathological information was extracted from pertinent published literature.

Conclusions
Care of the patient with cholestasis hinges on identifying the etiology. Diagnostic steps in cholestatic conditions comprise a thorough patient history, abdominal imaging, distinct serological studies, and liver biopsy. Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by distinctive serological and histological findings. The small-duct variant of primary sclerosing cholangitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose; imaging of the bile ducts is not helpful. Graft-versus-host disease is characterized by damage and loss of intrahepatic bile ducts. Drugs can cause injury variably at the level of bile canaliculus or the interlobular bile duct. Loss of bile ducts may be seen with primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, graft-versus-host disease, and drug-induced liver injury. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis represent 2 extreme ends of the spectrum of abnormalities in transporters responsible for bile formation. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy has a variable incidence in different parts of the world and may be due to abnormalities in transporter molecules.
Design of a Genomics Curriculum: Competencies for Practicing Pathologists
Authors: Laudadio Jennifer , McNeal Jeffrey L. , Boyd Scott D. , Le Long Phi , Lockwood Christina , McCloskey Cindy B. , Sharma Gaurav , Voelkerding Karl V. , Haspel Richard L. 
Published: June 2015

ContextThe field of genomics is rapidly impacting medical care across specialties. To help guide test utilization and interpretation, pathologists must be knowledgeable about genomic techniques and their clinical utility. The technology allowing timely generation of genomic data is relatively new to patient care and the clinical laboratory, and therefore, many currently practicing pathologists have been trained without any molecular or genomics exposure. Furthermore, the exposure that current and recent trainees receive in this field remains inconsistent.ObjectiveTo assess pathologists' learning needs in genomics and to develop a curriculum to address these educational needs.DesignA working group formed by the College of American Pathologists developed an initial list of genomics competencies (knowledge and skills statements) that a practicing pathologist needs to be successful. Experts in genomics were then surveyed to rate the importance of each competency. These data were used to create a final list of prioritized competencies. A subset of the working group defined subtopics and tasks for each competency. Appropriate delivery methods for the educational material were also proposed.ResultsA final list of 32 genomics competency statements was developed. A prioritized curriculum was created with designated subtopics and tasks associated with each competency.ConclusionsWe present a genomics curriculum designed as a first step toward providing practicing pathologists with the competencies needed to practice successfully.
Paternité en contexte de violence conjugale : regards rétrospectif et prospectif
Authors: Labarre Michel , Roy Valérie 
Published: June 2015

Cet article retrace l’évolution des champs d’études « paternité » et « violence conjugale » afin de mieux saisir comment ils en sont venus à se croiser au tournant des années 2000. D’une part, le développement de la recherche sur la paternité de même que des politiques et programmes sociaux faisant la promotion de la paternité ont contribué à créer un climat social valorisant l’engagement paternel. D’autre part, certains thèmes de recherche en violence conjugale (par exemple, les conséquences de la violence sur les enfants) et certains axes d’intervention (par exemple, la protection de la jeunesse) ont soulevé des préoccupations à l’égard de l’engagement des pères ayant des comportements violents. Ces éléments ont progressivement contribué à la reconnaissance sociale de la problématique de la paternité en contexte de violence conjugale et, par la suite, aux initiatives pratiques et scientifiques en la matière. Notre analyse met en lumière la nécessité d’atteindre un équilibre entre soutien et contrôle dans les pratiques et politiques en matière de paternité en contexte de violence conjugale. Elle suggère également quelques réflexions quant à l’évaluation de programmes et aux pistes de recherche à explorer.
La violence conjugale à l’épreuve de l’État social : une comparaison franco-états-unienne
Authors: Delage Pauline 
Published: June 2015

À partir de la fin des années 1970, les associations féministes qui prennent en charge le problème de la violence conjugale se sont insérées dans le secteur social, avec plus ou moins de succès, et ont bénéficié de financements venant de l’État. Dans une période de reconfigurations de l’État social, qui affectent notamment les modes d’attribution des budgets publics, celui-ci perd en légitimité symbolique et voit ses fonctions se modifier. Quels sont les effets de ces mutations sur la prise en charge, étatique et associative, du problème de la violence conjugale ? La comparaison entre la France et les États-Unis met en lumière un paradoxe concernant l’évolution de la cause dans ces deux contextes institutionnels et politiques. Alors que l’État social est moins fort aux États-Unis qu’en France, la légitimité de la cause dans l’espace social permet de créer des droits spécifiques aux femmes victimes et d’instaurer notamment un régime d’exception les prémunissant des contraintes du workfare. Parallèlement, en France, les organisations féministes oeuvrent toujours à la pleine reconnaissance de ce problème public et semblent davantage menacées par les réductions budgétaires. En s’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique menée principalement dans le comté de Los Angeles et en région parisienne, cet article propose de retracer les trajectoires de la cause de la violence conjugale prisme des transformations provoquées par les mutations de l’État social.
Un double ancrage : liens familiaux et insertion sociale des enfants d’immigrés philippins en France
Authors: Fresnoza-Flot Asuncion 
Published: June 2015

La migration des parents philippins vers la France entraîne une séparation familiale qui prend fin lorsque le parent migrant rentre définitivement au pays ou lorsque les enfants précédemment « laissés en arrière » viennent le retrouver en France. Ils rejoignent alors les rangs de la « génération 1,5 » – définie comme les migrants dont l’enfance ou l’adolescence s’est déroulée en partie dans leur pays d’origine, puis dans leur pays d’accueil. Comment ces individus au parcours complexe décrivent-ils leurs relations avec leurs parents migrants avant et après la réunification familiale ? Quel rôle leur famille, et notamment leurs parents, jouent-ils dans leur insertion dans leur société d’accueil ? Cet article examine la trajectoire migratoire de la génération 1,5 des immigrés philippins en France et son expérience familiale. Le travail de terrain mené en France montre que les enfants restés au pays entretiennent avec leurs parents migrants une relation à distance caractérisée par un fossé émotionnel dont ils ne réalisent l’existence qu’en arrivant en France. Pourtant, malgré cet effet de la séparation familiale, les enfants des immigrés philippins se tournent en priorité vers leurs parents et leur famille étendue pour faire face aux défis posés par leur immigration. Pendant qu’ils construisent leurs points d’ancrage en France, ces jeunes migrants maintiennent leurs liens émotionnels avec leur pays d’origine, un double ancrage qui souligne la spécificité de ce groupe parmi les enfants de migrants.