bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broad Ligament Pregnancy: Lessons Learnt
Authors: LNU Rukshana , Agarwal Preet , Viswanath Usha , Natarajan MS 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Abdominal pregnancy is a rare obstetric condition seen by the obstetricians. Its diagnosis is usually difficult and management is a matter of debate. A 39-year-old multigravida with 20 weeks gestation complicated by pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes mellitus and anemia with previous cesarean section was admitted. She was not aware of her pregnancy earlier and she desired termination of pregnancy. But, termination of pregnancy failed inspite of using all possible methods of inducing labor. Diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy was made on by transvaginal ultrasound and proceeded with laparotomy. Left broad ligament pregnancy was found and the sac with fetus extracted. However, due to uncontrollable bleeding from broad ligament during placenta separation and hysterectomy was proceeded in this lady. We present our experience with the diagnosis and management of this rare case.

How to cite this article
Agarwal P, Viswanath U, Rukshana, Natarajan MS. Broad Ligament Pregnancy: Lessons Learnt. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(3):178-179.
Studies in English Language
Authors: Halliday M. A. K. 
Published: March 2015

This is the seventh volume in the Collected Works of Professor M. A. K. Halliday: Studies in English Language. Topics covered in the papers from the section on "Theoretical foundations" include transitivity, theme-rhyme, mood, and modality in English. Other sections include papers on English intonation and grammar including discussion of word order in English and the complex structures typical of informal spontaneous conversation. The grammatical analyses of English also serve to demonstrate the application of linguistics to language teaching.
“This is a fascinating volume, which is mainly devoted to Michael Halliday's thinking in the 1960s. The collection includes articles ranging from detailed innovative proposals for a description of intonation that would allow it to be incorporated into the grammar, through an ambitious re-orientation of the focus of grammatical description at a time when Systemic Grammar was emerging from Scale and Category, to a much later small-scale corpus investigation of the grammar of pain. Together they illustrate Halliday's continuing intellectual enthusiasm and openness to new linguistic trends, even though his own development has always been by accretion, rather than revolution. So, the reader is fascinated to discover how much of the early work has been retained, often in a considerably modified form, in the 21st century version of Systemic Functional Grammar.” - Malcolm Coulthard, Professor of English Language and Linguistics, University of Birmingham, UK
Elschnig's Spots in the Acute and Remission Stages in Preeclampsia: Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomographic Features
Authors: AlTalbishi Ala'a , Khateb Samer , Amer Radgonde 
Published: March 2015

Purpose Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder defined as new onset of hypertension and proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy. Serous retinal detachment (SRD) is a known complication of preeclampsia caused by choroidal ischemia and subsequent disruption of blood-retinal barrier. Poor perfusion of the choriocapillaris causes Elschnig's spots. We aim to describe distinctive optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of a cluster of Elschnig's spots in a patient with severe preeclampsia during the acute and remission stages. We also present a summary of OCT features of preeclampsia patients with SRD. Methods Descriptive case report. Results V-shaped adhesions were observed at the location of each of the Elschnig's spots, the center of which showed disruption of the outer retinal bands (external limiting membrane, inner segment/outer segment junction layer), and the V-shaped outer parts remained tethered to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-Bruch's complex by hyperreflective exudate on the surface of RPE. These features parallel the histopathologic features described earlier. In an experimental model, Elschnig's spots showed a gradient of RPE damage from the center to the periphery, where RPE was necrotic in the center and edematous in the periphery. Three months later, spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) showed focal RPE elevations at the location of each of the Elschnig's spots. Conclusions We illustrate the distinctive SD-OCT features of a cluster of Elschnig's spots in the acute and chronic stages of preeclampsia and demonstrate the correlation with the previously described histopathologic features. Despite the favorable visual outcome, irreversible tissue damage may occur, necessitating prompt diagnosis and immediate therapeutic intervention.
ABCA1 Expression in Macrophages of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients with Severe Infection Undergoing Continuous Blood Purification
Authors: Dong Xiu-Juan , Zhang Zhi-Min , Zhao Xiao-Wu , Wu Fan 
Published: March 2015

Background Excessive activation of the inflammatory mediator cascade after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients is associated with high mortality. Many studies have shown that continuous blood purification (CBP) could improve the prognosis of allo-HSCT patients with severe infection. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of CBP on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in macrophages, and to investigate the interventional effects of CBP on serum cytokine in allo-HSCT patients with severe infection. Methods A total of 26 allo-HSCT patients with severe infection were included in this study. Before CBP and after CBP, blood samples were collected to observe hepatic and renal function, and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 were detected via ELISA. The THP-1 macrophages were exposed to serum samples obtained from patients at specific time points during CBP to test the changes of ABCA1 in macrophages by real-timePCR and Western blotting. Results Serum creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and C reaction protein (CRP) levels decreased significantly after CBP. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6 serum levels decreased significantly, but IL-10 level increased significantly after CBP ( P<.05). After CBP, ABCA1 expression levels were higher than those before CBP, and ABCA1 expression was significantly increased with the supplementation of CBP ( P<.05). Conclusions CBP improved the condition of allo-HSCT patients with severe infection. CBP may be a potent up-regulator of the ABCA1 levels in macrophages of allo-HSCT patients with severe infection.
Contributing Factors for a Late Spontaneous Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Migration: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Beccaria Paolo , Silvetti Simona , Mucci Milena , Battini Ivana , Brambilla Paola , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: March 2015

Purpose Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are associated with some adverse events, the most frequent are thrombosis, tip catheter malposition and spontaneous late migration. However, the cause of spontaneous late migration in most cases remains unknown. We carried out this study to add data to the literature on PICCs late spontaneous migration. Methods We conducted a systematic review of all manuscripts describing PICC spontaneous late migration in adult populations and we also described two cases of late PICCs migration. Results We identified five studies for a total of 58 cases of PICC late migration. In our two cases, patients' activity is an important contributing factor for late spontaneous PICC migration. Conclusions To avoid late catheter misplacement, initial malposition should be immediately identified and promptly corrected and a detailed patients training should be carried out.
The Palace versus the Home
Authors: Greenfield Tina L. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTUntil recently, efforts to understand the social dynamics of early Near Eastern empires traditionally focused on cuneiform texts, which disproportionately represent the elite. This article presents newly collected zooarchaeological data from the Neo-Assyrian provincial capital of Tušḫan (Ziyaret Tepe) to demonstrate how social dynamics and status differences can be identified within urban settlements, and it highlights differences in the availability and access to animal resources between two socially distinct areas. The integration of this data with the study of ancient empires allows for a more complete understanding of the relationship between social dynamics and provisioning strategies in early Near Eastern empires.
Aux confins de la pensée
Authors: Duparc François 
Published: March 2015

L’art de penser et la quête de la sagesse, terrains privilégiés des philosophes, passent souvent de nos jours par la psychanalyse. Mais celle-ci l’aborde à sa façon : par le travail du négatif, à travers le désir du rêve et du fantasme, et grâce à la capacité de contenance, pour différer la décharge et l’action. Depuis les confins de l’informe, étudiés par Winnicott et d’autres analystes pour la prise en charge des cas difficiles (psychosomatiques, psychoses, états-limites), la représentation parvient à s’élaborer en choses et en mots, puis à construire une vraie pensée grâce aux mécanismes du rêve et de figuration, pour parvenir enfin à la création sociale d’une pensée sublimée, voire artistique.
Probing the edge of the West African Craton: A first seismic glimpse from Niger
Authors: Di Leo Jeanette F. , Wookey James , Kendall J.‐Michael , Selby Neil D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractConstraints on crustal and mantle structure of the Eastern part of the West African Craton have to date been scarce. Here we present results of P receiver function and SK(K)S wave splitting analyses of data recorded at International Monitoring System array TORD in SW Niger. Despite lacking in lateral coverage, our measurements sharply constrain crustal thickness (∼41 km), VP/VS ratio (1.69 ± 0.03), mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickness (∼247 km), and a midlithospheric discontinuity at ∼67 km depth. Splitting delay times are low with an average of 0.63 ± 0.01 s. Fast directions follow the regional surface geological trend with an average of 57 ± 1°. We suggest that splitting is due to fossil anisotropic fabrics in the crust and lithosphere, incurred during the Paleoproterozoic Eburnean Orogeny, with possible contributions from the later Pan‐African Orogeny and present‐day mantle flow. The MTZ appears to be unperturbed, despite the proximity of the sampled region to the deep cratonic root.
Study of EMIC wave excitation using direct ion measurements
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Liu Kaijun , Bonnell John W. , Breneman Aaron W. , Denton Richard E. , Funsten Herbert O. , Jahn Jöerg‐Micha , Kletzing Craig A. , Kurth William S. , Larsen Brian A. , Reeves Geoffrey D. , Spence Harlan E. , Wygant John R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWith data from Van Allen Probes, we investigate electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave excitation using simultaneously observed ion distributions. Strong He band waves occurred while the spacecraft was moving through an enhanced density region. We extract from helium, oxygen, proton, and electron mass spectrometer measurement the velocity distributions of warm heavy ions as well as anisotropic energetic protons that drive wave growth through the ion cyclotron instability. Fitting the measured ion fluxes to multiple sinm‐type distribution functions, we find that the observed ions make up about 15% of the total ions, but about 85% of them are still missing. By making legitimate estimates of the unseen cold (below ∼2 eV) ion composition from cutoff frequencies suggested by the observed wave spectrum, a series of linear instability analyses and hybrid simulations are carried out. The simulated waves generally vary as predicted by linear theory. They are more sensitive to the cold O+ concentration than the cold He+ concentration. Increasing the cold O+ concentration weakens the He band waves but enhances the O band waves. Finally, the exact cold ion composition is suggested to be in a range when the simulated wave spectrum best matches the observed one.
Testing the estimated hypothetical response of a major CME impact on Earth and its implications to space weather
Authors: Bala Ramkumar , Reiff Patricia , Russell C. T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe high‐speed coronal mass ejection (CME), ejected on 23 July 2012, observed by STEREO‐A on the same day as the leading edge of the CME arrived at 1AU was unique both in respect to the observed plasma and magnetic structure and the large solar energetic particle flux that dynamically regulated the shock front. Because of its great intensity, it has been hailed as “Carrington 2” by some, warning that, had that CME been heading toward the Earth, it might have caused a major space weather event. We used the Rice Artificial Neural Network algorithms with the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field parameters measured in situ by STEREO‐A as inputs to infer what the “geoeffectiveness” of that storm might have been. We have also used an MHD model in Open Geospace General Circulation Model to understand the global magnetospheric process in time sequence. We presently show our neural network models of Kp and Dst on our real‐time prediction site: http://mms.rice.edu/realtime/forecast.html. Running this event through our models showed that, in fact, this would have been an exceptional event. Our results show a prediction resulting in a Kp value of 8+, a Dst of nearly −250 nT, but when assumptions about maximum dipole angle tilt and density are made, predictions resulting in Kp of 11− and Dst dipping close to −700 nT are found. Finally, when solar energetic proton flux is included, the Kp and Dst predictions drop to 8− and ≈−625 nT, respectively.
Dynamics of wind‐affected volcanic plumes: The example of the 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption, Chile
Authors: Bonadonna C. , Pistolesi M. , Cioni R. , Degruyter W. , Elissondo M. , Baumann V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe 2011 Cordón Caulle eruption represents an ideal case study for the characterization of long‐lasting plumes that are strongly affected by wind. The climactic phase lasted for about 1 day and was classified as subplinian with plumes between ~9 and 12 km above the vent and mass flow rate (MFR) on the order of ~107 kg s−1. Eruption intensity fluctuated during the first 11 days with MFR values between 106 and 107 kg s−1. This activity was followed by several months of low‐intensity plumes with MFR < 106 kg s−1. Plume dynamics and rise were strongly affected by wind during the whole eruption with negligible upwind spreading and sedimentation. The plumes that developed on 4–6 and 20–22 June can be described as transitional, i.e., plumes showing transitional behavior between strong and weak dynamics, while the wind clearly dominated the rise height on all the other days resulting in the formation of weak plumes. Individual phases of the eruption range between Volcanic Explosivity Indices (VEIs) 3 and 4, while the cumulative deposit related to 4–7 June 2011 is associated with VEIs 4 and 5. Crosswind cloud and deposit dispersal of the first few days are best described by a linear combination of gravitational spreading and turbulent diffusion, with velocities between 1 and 10 m s−1. Downwind cloud velocity for the same days is best described by a linear combination of gravitational spreading and wind advection, with velocities between 17 and 45 m s−1. Results show how gravitational spreading can be significant even for subplinian and small‐moderate eruptions strongly advected by wind and with low Richardson number and low MFR.
Evapotranspiration in Northern Eurasia: Impact of forcing uncertainties on terrestrial ecosystem model estimates
Authors: Liu Yaling , Zhuang Qianlai , Miralles Diego , Pan Zhihua , Kicklighter David , Zhu Qing , He Yujie , Chen Jiquan , Tchebakova Nadja , Sirin Andrey , Niyogi Dev , Melillo Jerry 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe ecosystems in Northern Eurasia (NE) play an important role in the global water cycle and the climate system. While evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical variable to understand this role, ET over this region remains largely unstudied. Using an improved version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model with five widely used forcing data sets, we examine the impact that uncertainties in climate forcing data have on the magnitude, variability, and dominant climatic drivers of ET for the period 1979–2008. Estimates of regional average ET vary in the range of 241.4–335.7 mm yr−1depending on the choice of forcing data. This range corresponds to as much as 32% of the mean ET. Meanwhile, the spatial patterns of long‐term average ET across NE are generally consistent for all forcing data sets. Our ET estimates in NE are largely affected by uncertainties in precipitation (P), air temperature (T), incoming shortwave radiation (R), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). During the growing season, the correlations between ET and each forcing variable indicate thatTis the dominant factor in the north andPin the south. Unsurprisingly, the uncertainties in climate forcing data propagate as well to estimates of the volume of water available for runoff (here defined as P‐ET). While the Climate Research Unit data set is overall the best choice of forcing data in NE according to our assessment, the quality of these forcing data sets remains a major challenge to accurately quantify the regional water balance in NE.
Assessing the mineralogy of the watershed and fan deposits of the Jezero crater paleolake system, Mars
Authors: Goudge Timothy A. , Mustard John F. , Head James W. , Fassett Caleb I. , Wiseman Sandra M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present results from geomorphic mapping and visible to near‐infrared spectral analyses of the Jezero crater paleolake basin and its associated watershed. The goal of this study is to understand the provenance of the sedimentary deposits within this open‐basin lake using a source‐to‐sink approach. Two fan deposits located within the basin have distinct visible to near‐infrared mineralogic signatures measured by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). The northern fan is spectrally characterized by a mixture of Mg‐rich carbonate and olivine, while the western fan is characterized by Fe/Mg‐smectite (e.g., saponite or nontronite) with variable amounts of Mg‐rich carbonate and olivine in isolated exposures. The watersheds of these deposits contain a variety of geomorphic units that are likely to have supplied sediment to the Jezero crater paleolake, as the fluvial valleys that fed the basin incise these units. The geomorphic units include exposures of Fe/Mg‐smectite‐, olivine‐, and Mg‐rich carbonate‐bearing terrain. We show that the difference in fan deposit mineralogy is a function of the areal exposure of the major geomorphic units within their watersheds. This indicates that the spectrally dominant aqueous alteration minerals in the fan deposits are primarily detrital, or transported, in nature and did not form in situ. We conclude that the aqueous alteration of the units in the watershed occurred prior to the fluvial activity that carved the valleys of the Jezero crater paleolake system, and that the two periods of aqueous activity are not genetically related.
Methodology of evaluating the science benefit of various satellite/sensor constellation orbital parameters to an assimilative data forecast model
Authors: Balthazor Richard L. , McHarg Matthew G. , Enloe C. Lon , Mueller Brandon , Barnhart David J. , Hoeffner Zachary W. , Brown Robert , Scherliess Ludger , Wilhelm Lance T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA methodology for evaluating the science benefit of adding space weather sensor data from a modest number of small satellites to the Utah State University Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements—Full Physics (GAIM‐FP) model is presented. Three orbital scenarios are presented, two focusing on improved coverage of narrowly specified regions of interest, and one on global coverage of the ionosphere as a whole. An Observing System Simulation Experiment is used to obtain qualitative and quantitative results of the impact of the various orbital scenarios on the ionospheric specifications. A simulated “truth” run of the ionosphere is obtained from a first principle model of the ionosphere/plasmasphere model and used to generate global simulated Global Positioning Satellite total electron content (GPS‐TEC) data as well as in situ plasma density observations. Initially, only GPS data were assimilated by GAIM‐FP, and the results of this limited run were compared to the truth run. Next, the simulated in situ plasma densities corresponding to our three orbital scenarios were assimilated together with the GPS data, and the results were compared to both the truth run and the limited GPS‐TEC only GAIM‐FP run. These model simulations have shown that adding a constellation of small satellites/sensors in addition to global TEC inputs does indeed converge the GAIM‐FP model closer to truth in the situations described.
Hydraulic controls of in‐stream gravel bar hyporheic exchange and reactions
Authors: Trauth Nico , Schmidt Christian , Vieweg Michael , Oswald Sascha E. , Fleckenstein Jan H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHyporheic exchange transports solutes into the subsurface where they can undergo biogeochemical transformations, affecting fluvial water quality and ecology. A three‐dimensional numerical model of a natural in‐stream gravel bar (20 m × 6 m) is presented. Multiple steady state streamflow is simulated with a computational fluid dynamics code that is sequentially coupled to a reactive transport groundwater model via the hydraulic head distribution at the streambed. Ambient groundwater flow is considered by scenarios of neutral, gaining, and losing conditions. The transformation of oxygen, nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon by aerobic respiration and denitrification in the hyporheic zone are modeled, as is the denitrification of groundwater‐borne nitrate when mixed with stream‐sourced carbon. In contrast to fully submerged structures, hyporheic exchange flux decreases with increasing stream discharge, due to decreasing hydraulic head gradients across the partially submerged structure. Hyporheic residence time distributions are skewed in the log‐space with medians of up to 8 h and shift to symmetric distributions with increasing level of submergence. Solute turnover is mainly controlled by residence times and the extent of the hyporheic exchange flow, which defines the potential reaction area. Although streamflow is the primary driver of hyporheic exchange, its impact on hyporheic exchange flux, residence times, and solute turnover is small, as these quantities exponentially decrease under losing and gaining conditions. Hence, highest reaction potential exists under neutral conditions, when the capacity for denitrification in the partially submerged structure can be orders of magnitude higher than in fully submerged structures.
Nitrides: Transition Metal Solid‐State Chemistry
Authors: Lengauer Walter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBoth basic properties and properties interesting for applications of transition metal nitrides are presented in this article. Starting from crystal chemistry, bonding, and preparation, the article also briefly discusses the analytical chemistry of chemical and physical nitrogen analysis and standardization as well as thermodynamics. Portions of phase diagrams of group 4–6 transition metals with nitrogen are presented. A substantial part is devoted to the solid‐state properties because they make nitrides interesting for applications. The presentation of these properties includes hardness, thermal expansion, nitrogen diffusivity, thermal properties, electrical conductivities, superconductivities, and elastic properties. Several of these properties are given as a function of temperature and composition. A final part shows examples for application of transition metal nitrides because of their extraordinary properties. The topic of transition metal nitrides is closely connected to that of metal carbides.