bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of Sensory Innervation of the Hip Joint Capsule in the Rabbit – A Retrograde Tracing Study
Authors: Dudek A. , Chrószcz A. , Janeczek M. , Sienkiewicz W. , Kaleczyc J. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the sensory innervation of the hip joint capsule in the rabbit. Individual animals were injected with retrograde fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) into the lateral aspect of the left hip joint capsule (group LAT, n = 5) or into the medial aspect of the hip joint capsule (group MED, n = 5), respectively. FB‐positive (FB+) neurons were found within ipsilateral lumbar (L) and sacral (S) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from L7 to S2 (group LAT) and from L6 to S4 (group MED). They were round or oval in shape with a diameter of 20–90 μm. The neurons were evenly distributed throughout the ganglia. The average number of FB+ neurons was 16 ± 2.8 and 27.6 ± 3.5 in rabbits from LAT and MED, respectively. The largest average number of FB+ neurons in animals of group LAT was found within the S1 DRG (8 ± 1.7), while S2 ganglion contained the smallest number of the neurons (3.6 ± 1). In the L7 DRG, the average number of FB+ neurons was 6.2 ± 1.6. In rabbits of MED group, the largest number of FB+ neurons was found within the S1 DRG (13.4 ± 4), while the smallest one was found within the S3 ganglion (1.4 ± 0.4). In L6, L7, S2 and S4 ganglia, the number of retrogradely labelled neurons amounted to 1.6 ± 0.5, 4 ± 1.5, 4.4 ± 1.5 and 2.8 ± 1.7, respectively. The data obtained can be very useful for further investigations regarding the efficacy of denervation in the therapy of hip joint disorders in rabbits.
Comparison of the Morphometric Features of the Left and Right Horse Kidneys: A Stereological Approach
Authors: Bolat D. , Bahar S. , Tipirdamaz S. , Selcuk M. L. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aims of this study were to determine the total volume of the horse kidney and volume fractions of its functional subcomponents (cortex, medulla, renal pelvis) using stereological methods and investigate any possible difference in the functional subcomponents of the right and left kidneys that may arise from differences in shape. The study was carried out on the kidneys of 5 horses of different breed and sex. The weight of the kidneys was measured by a digital scale, and kidney volume was calculated by Archimedes' principle. Total kidney volume and volume fractions of subcomponents of the right and left kidneys were estimated by the Cavalieri's principle. The weights of the right and left kidneys were 550 ± 25 g and 585 ± 23 g, respectively. The volumes of the right and left kidneys estimated using the Cavalieri method were 542 ± 46 ml and 581 ± 29 ml. The relative organ weight of the kidneys was calculated as 1:330. The densities of the right and left kidneys were determined to be 1.01 and 1.00, respectively. The mean volume fractions of the cortex, medulla and renal pelvis were determined as 55.6, 42.7 and 1.7 in both kidneys. No statistically significant difference existed between morphometric data pertaining to the right and left kidneys (P > 0.05). To determine precisely whether differences in shape cause any difference in the functional subcomponents of the right and left kidneys requires further investigation of differences in the number of microscopically functional unit of the kidney such as renal glomeruli and nephrons.
Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Sperm‐Specific Contraceptive Vaccine in Albino Mice
Authors: Goyal Shipra , Manivannan Boomi , Kumraj Ganesh R. , Ansari Abdul S. , Lohiya Nirmal K. 
Published: February 2013

ProblemThis study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant SP‐10 protein for male contraception.Methods of studyAdult male mice were divided into five groups. Group I was placebo‐treated control while Groups II–V were immunized with recombinant SP‐10 protein on day 0 and 21 with different doses (range 25–100 μg). From each Group, animals were put for mating fertility test. Histological and hematological parameters, sperm characteristics, serum clinical biochemistry and testosterone levels were investigated.ResultsGroup I showed normal fertility. Group II–V showed dose dependent reduction in fertility. In contrast, at higher dose (75 and 100 μg), all animals were sterile for three months. Further, all parameters under investigation in experimental groups were comparable to those of control animals.ConclusionOur study has put forth a proof of concept for male contraception for the first time, which may be considered suitable for contraceptive vaccine development.
Retinal vascular caliber is associated with renal function in apparently healthy subjects
Authors: Daien Vincent , Kawasaki Ryo , Villain Max , Ribstein Jean , Du Cailar Guilhem , Mimran Albert , Fesler Pierre 
Published: February 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess the relation between retinal vascular caliber and renal function.Patients and methods:  Eighty apparently healthy subjects screened for cardiovascular risk factors (mean age 47 years, 51% female, 36% hypertensive, without diabetes or renal dysfunction) were recruited. Retinal vascular calibers were measured from fundus photographs and expressed as central retinal artery and venular equivalent. Renal function was assessed by measurement of glomerular filtration rate (urinary clearance of 99mTc‐DTPA) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio.Results:  Mean glomerular filtration rate was 117 ml/min/1.73m2. Overall, central retinal artery and venular equivalent were positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r = +0.31, p = 0.005 and r = +0.30, p = 0.006, respectively). In addition, central retinal artery equivalent was negatively correlated with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (r = −0.34, p = 0.002). No significant relationship was found between central retinal venular equivalent and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (r = +0.12, p = 0.32). The observed relations between retinal vascular calibers and renal function parameters remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors.Conclusion:  In apparently healthy subjects with normal renal function, retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were negatively correlated with kidney function, suggesting common determinants of these preclinical target organ damages.
Leptin and adiponectin in cord blood from children of normal weight, overweight and obese mothers
Authors: Brynhildsen Jan , Sydsjö Gunilla , Blomberg Marie , Claesson Ing‐Marie , Theodorsson Elvar , Nyström Fredrik , Sydsjö Adam , Josefsson Ann 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo study cord blood concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in children born by normal weight, overweight and obese mothers and to study these parameters in relation to a weight gain intervention programme for obese mothers.MethodsTen millilitre cord blood was collected and analysed for leptin and adiponectin concentrations in children with gestational age >37 weeks born by 60 normal weight, 45 overweight and 145 obese mothers. 82 obese mothers took part in a weight gain intervention programme.ResultsConcentrations of leptin and adiponectin were higher in cord blood from children of overweight and obese mothers compared with children of normal weight mothers (leptin: Md 13.2, 30, 3 and 90.2 ng/mL respectively, p < 0.001; adiponectin 35.9, 205.4, 213.8 ng/L p < 0.001). No differences were found between overweight and obese mothers.The weight gain intervention programme for obese pregnant women had significant effects on the weight gain during pregnancy but had no effects on cord blood serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin.ConclusionCord blood leptin and adiponectin concentrations were higher in children born by overweight or obese women compared with children of normal weight mothers. A weight gain intervention programme for obese pregnant women did not affect these results. Intrauterine exposition to high concentrations of leptin and adiponectin may play a role in weight development later in life.
Pattern of serotonin‐like immunoreactive cells in scyphozoan and hydrozoan planulae and their relation to settlement
Authors: Mayorova Tatiana , Kach Jacob , Kosevich Igor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe planulae of almost all investigated cnidarian species possess neuron‐like cells. The distribution of these cells is usually uneven throughout the long axis of the planula. The majority of these cells are located in the anterior half of the planula body. Scyphozoan planulae, as well as anthozoan planulae, have a sensory structure at the anterior pole called an apical organ, which is believed to take part in metamorphosis induction. Hydrozoan planulae also possess sensory cells. It has been previously shown in several cnidarian larvae that their neuronal cells contain the neurotransmitter, serotonin. The present study describes the peculiarities of serotonin‐like immunoreactive cells in Aurelia aurita (Scyphozoa) and Gonothyraea loveni (Hydrozoa) planulae. We show that several cells in the presumptive apical organ of A. aurita are immunoreactive to antibodies against serotonin, while G. loveni planulae have an accumulation of serotonin‐positive cells near the anterior pole. Additional serotonin‐like immunoreactive cells are found in the lateral ectoderm of both planulae. Treatment of A. aurita and G. loveni planulae with serotonin or its blockers show that serotonin is likely involved in the initiation of planula settlement.
Distributed Lag Models for Hydrological Data
Authors: Rushworth Alastair M. , Bowman Adrian W. , Brewer Mark J. , Langan Simon J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSummaryThe distributed lag model (DLM), used most prominently in air pollution studies, finds application wherever the effect of a covariate is delayed and distributed through time. We specify modified formulations of DLMs to provide computationally attractive, flexible varying‐coefficient models that are applicable in any setting in which lagged covariates are regressed on a time‐dependent response. We investigate the application of such models to rainfall and river flow and in particular their role in understanding the impact of hidden variables at work in river systems. We apply two models to data from a Scottish mountain river, and we fit to some simulated data to check the efficacy of our model approach. During heavy rainfall conditions, changes in the influence of rainfall on flow arise through a complex interaction between antecedent ground wetness and a time‐delay in rainfall. The models identify subtle changes in responsiveness to rainfall, particularly in the location of peak influence in the lag structure.
Adolescent loneliness and psychiatric morbidity in Northern Ireland
Authors: Shevlin Mark , Murphy Siobhan , Mallett John , Stringer Maurice , Murphy Jamie 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivePrevious research has identified an association between loneliness and psychiatric morbidity, but many of the studies have been based on small convenience samples and have not always used standardized measures.Aims and MethodsThis study aimed to assess the association between standardized measures of loneliness and psychiatric morbidity using data from a large sample of adolescents from Northern Ireland (Young Life and Times Survey, 2011). A total of 1,434 participants completed the survey.ResultsThe prevalence of loneliness and psychiatric morbidity was 15.6% and 28.4% respectively. A multivariate binary logistic regression was used to identify the significant correlates of psychiatric morbidity. Demographic and loneliness variables were entered as covariates and female gender and perceptions of familial poverty were significantly associated with GHQ caseness. Loneliness increased the likelihood of GHQ caseness by more than five times.ConclusionsAdolescent loneliness is significantly associated with psychiatric morbidity for Northern Irish adolescents. School‐based screening and interventions to reduce loneliness may reduce the prevalence of loneliness.Practitioner Points

Adolescent loneliness is a possible indirect indicator for mental health problems.

Standardized measures of loneliness, with population norms, are widely available.

There is no clear profile of a ‘lonely adolescent’ based on demographic variables.
The disposition to understand for oneself at university: Integrating learning processes with motivation and metacognition
Authors: Entwistle Noel , McCune Velda 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundA re‐analysis of several university‐level interview studies has suggested that some students show evidence of a deep and stable approach to learning, along with other characteristics that support the approach. This combination, it was argued, could be seen to indicate a disposition to understand for oneself.AimTo identify a group of students who showed high and consistent scores on deep approach, combined with equivalently high scores on effort and monitoring studying, and to explore these students' experiences of the teaching–learning environments they had experienced.SampleRe‐analysis of data from 1,896 students from 25 undergraduate courses taking four contrasting subject areas in eleven British universities.MethodsInventories measuring approaches to studying were given at the beginning and the end of a semester, with the second inventory also exploring students' experiences of teaching. K‐means cluster analysis was used to identify groups of students with differing patterns of response on the inventory scales, with a particular focus on students showing high, stable scores.ResultsOne cluster clearly showed the characteristics expected of the disposition to understand and was also fairly stable over time. Other clusters also had deep approaches, but also showed either surface elements or lower scores on organized effort or monitoring their studying.ConclusionsCombining these findings with interview studies previously reported reinforces the idea of there being a disposition to understand for oneself that could be identified from an inventory scale or through further interviews.
Association Between Weight Loss and Improvement of Ventricular Systolic Function in Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Guglin Maya , Verma Sameer , Chen Ren 
Published: February 2013

In heart failure (HF), longitudinal changes in ventricular ejection fraction are poorly studied. The authors' objective was to document the dynamic changes in systolic function of both ventricles during acute HF and after a 3‐month follow‐up period, and to identify factors associated with ventricular improvement. A limited access dataset from the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial provided by The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute was analyzed. In patients admitted to the hospital with acute HF, both ventricles were evaluated by echocardiography on admission, at discharge, and at 3 months. From baseline to 3 months, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased in 43.4% of patients, decreased in 23.9%, and remained unchanged in 32.7%. Similarly, right ventricular systolic function improved in 40.9%, deteriorated in 25.0%, and remained stable in 34.1%. Weight loss during index admission and cardiac index/cardiac output increase were the only factors associated with LVEF improvement from baseline to month 3. There was no difference between ischemic and nonischemic etiology. In acute HF, ischemic or nonischemic, systolic function of the ventricles improved during 3 months in about 40% of patients and remained unchanged or deteriorated in the rest. Weight loss and increase in cardiac index/output during hospitalization was associated with improvement in LVEF.
A comparison between 4 and 6 implants in the maxillary posterior region to support an overdenture; 1‐year results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Slot Wim , Raghoebar Gerry M. , Vissink Arjan , Meijer Henny J.A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the treatment outcome of 4 vs. 6 bar‐connected implants in the posterior region of the maxilla to support an overdenture during a 1‐year follow‐up period.Materials and methodsSixty‐six edentulous patients with an insufficient amount of bone volume in the maxilla to place implants were asked to participate in this study. Randomization assigned patients to either 4 or 6 implants. In all patients, a maxillary sinus floor elevation procedure with bone from the iliac crest was performed, and after a 3‐month healing period, 4 or 6 dental implants were inserted in the maxillary posterior region in a one‐stage procedure. After 3 months of osseointegration, a bar‐supported overdenture was constructed. Implant survival, overdenture survival, clinical scores, peri‐implant bone height changes and patients' satisfaction were assessed. Study analysis was performed according a non‐inferiority design.ResultsAll patients completed the one‐year follow‐up. After a functional period of 1‐year, implant survival was 100% in the 4 implants group and 99.5% in the 6 implants group. Overdenture survival was 100% in both groups. Mean clinical scores were very low and did not significantly differ between groups. Mean marginal bone resorption was 0.35 ± 0.31 mm and 0.46 ± 0.34 mm in the 4 and 6 implants group, respectively. Patients' satisfaction improved significantly in both groups, but did not differ between groups.ConclusionA bar‐supported overdenture on 4 implants in the posterior maxillary region is not inferior to an overdenture supported by 6 bar‐connected dental implants.
Deviated nose attenuates the degree of patient satisfaction and quality of life in rhinoplasty: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Cingi C. , Eskiizmir G. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo analyse and compare the patient satisfaction and quality of life in patients with and without deviated nose deformity who underwent rhinoplasty.DesignProspective, before–after trial.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsA total of 191 patients who underwent primary rhinoplasty between 2006 and 2009 were included. The study population was separated into two groups: non‐deviated (patients with an external nasal deformity of less than 50) and deviated nose (patients with an external nasal deformity of more than 50).Main Outcome MeasuresThe angles of deviations were measured from the pre‐ and postoperative photographs by an image analysis software program. Patient satisfaction and quality of life were measured by Rhinoplasty outcome evaluation and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimension questionnaires before and after surgery.ResultsEighty‐one cases had deviated nose deformity; on the other hand, 110 cases had nasal deformities other than deviated nose deformity. The objective analysis of surgical outcome demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the favour of postoperative results in both non‐deviated (P = 0.0004) and deviated (P = 0.0002) nose groups. In addition, Rhinoplasty outcome evaluation and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimension questionnaires demonstrated remarkable improvement in both non‐deviated and deviated nose groups after rhinoplasty. However, the comparison of pre‐ and postoperative change between non‐deviated and deviated nose groups demonstrated statistically significant differences in almost all questions (except family and friends' satisfaction with appearance P = 0.069) and total score (P < 0.001) of Rhinoplasty outcome evaluation questionnaire, European Quality of Life‐5 Dimension index (P < 0.001), European Quality of Life‐5 Dimension visual analogue scale (P = 0.036) and living quality index (P < 0.001) with lower scores in deviated nose group.ConclusionRhinoplasty can provide an objective improvement, high satisfaction and positive impact on quality of life. However, the degree of satisfaction and improvement in quality of life in patients with deviated nose deformity are less than patients with non‐deviated nose deformity.
Connectivity Planning to Address Climate Change
Authors: NUÑEZ TRISTAN A. , LAWLER JOSHUA J. , MCRAE BRAD H. , PIERCE D. JOHN , KROSBY MEADE B. , KAVANAGH DARREN M. , SINGLETON PETER H. , TEWKSBURY JOSHUA J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAs the climate changes, human land use may impede species from tracking areas with suitable climates. Maintaining connectivity between areas of different temperatures could allow organisms to move along temperature gradients and allow species to continue to occupy the same temperature space as the climate warms. We used a coarse‐filter approach to identify broad corridors for movement between areas where human influence is low while simultaneously routing the corridors along present‐day spatial gradients of temperature. We modified a cost–distance algorithm to model these corridors and tested the model with data on current land‐use and climate patterns in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The resulting maps identified a network of patches and corridors across which species may move as climates change. The corridors are likely to be robust to uncertainty in the magnitude and direction of future climate change because they are derived from gradients and land‐use patterns. The assumptions we applied in our model simplified the stability of temperature gradients and species responses to climate change and land use, but the model is flexible enough to be tailored to specific regions by incorporating other climate variables or movement costs. When used at appropriate resolutions, our approach may be of value to local, regional, and continental conservation initiatives seeking to promote species movements in a changing climate.Planificación de Conectividad para Atender el Cambio Climático
BK virus‐associated nephropathy: neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin as a new diagnostic tool?
Authors: Rau Simon , Schönermarck Ulf , Jäger Gundula , Stangl Manfred , Guba Markus , Meiser Bruno , Fischereder Michael , Habicht Antje 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionBK nephropathy has emerged as an important cause for allograft failure in renal transplant patients. The kidney tubules are the main target of BK virus infiltration. Neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) has been proven to be a powerful biomarker for tubular damage. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of plasma NGAL as new diagnostic tool in patients with BK infection.Material and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 240 renal transplant recipients. Systematic BKV screening by plasma PCR was performed one month after transplantation and every three month thereafter for two yr. Plasma NGAL concentration was investigated using a commercial ELISA. Medical records and electronic databases were reviewed for clinical parameters.ResultsBK viremia (BKV+) was diagnosed in 5.0% (12/240) and BK nephropathy in 3.3% (8/240) of our patients. BKV+ patients received more induction therapy (p = 0.03) and experienced a higher rate of biopsy‐proven rejections compared to 13 control patients with similar graft function but negative BKV PCR. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no difference in plasma NGAL expression between both groups (128.6 vs. 172.2 ng/mL; p = 0.68).ConclusionsIntensified immunosuppressive therapy is associated with an increased risk for BK nephropathy. Plasma NGAL is neither suitable for diagnosing BK nephropathy nor helpful in predicting the individual course of patients with BKV infection.