bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric volvulus in a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus)
Authors: Knafo S. Emmanuelle , Rosenblatt Alana J. , Morrisey James K. , Flanders James A. , Thompson Margret S. , Knapp-Hoch Heather M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Case Description—An 8-year-old male red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) was evaluated with a 2-week history of vomiting and anorexia. Four days prior, the patient became refractory to medical management. The kangaroo was admitted for diagnostic testing and treatment including whole body CT, blood work, and emergency laparotomy.
Clinical Findings—CT findings of a severely enlarged stomach, splenic displacement, and a whirl sign were indicative of mesenteric volvulus with gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Contrast enhancement of abdominal viscera suggested intact arterial blood supply; however, compression of the caudal vena cava and portal vein indicated venous obstruction. Results of preoperative blood work suggested biliary stasis without evidence of inflammation. Additionally, a tooth root abscess was diagnosed on the basis of results of CT.
Treatment and Outcome—Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of mesenteric volvulus and GDV. The volvuli were corrected by clockwise derotation, and a gastropexy was performed. Tissue samples were obtained from the spleen and liver for evaluation. The kangaroo recovered from surgery, and the abscessed tooth was extracted 6 days later. Eight days after initial evaluation, the kangaroo was discharged.
Clinical Relevance—In the present report, the CT whirl sign was used to diagnose volvulus of the abdominal viscera, which suggests that this diagnostic indicator has utility in veterinary patients. Mesenteric volvulus with GDV was successfully treated in a nondomestic species. The tooth root abscess, a common condition in macropods, may explain the historic episodes of anorexia reported by the owner and may have contributed to the development of mesenteric volvulus and GDV in this kangaroo.
Influence of soil conservation techniques on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) in Terai region of West Bengal
Authors: De B , Bandyopadhyay S 
Published: March 2014

The climate of the terai region of West Bengal, India in general, is subtropical par humid to tropical with light textured acid soil with the problems like low moisture retention, low water use efficiency, leaching of bases, soil erosion, limited availability of multiple plant nutrients and restricted activity of beneficial soil micro-organisms. To combat these soil health related problems and to improve the overall productivity of North Bengal, a comparison between the conventional and conservation tillage was taken up and the immediate results were measured in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield. In the first two years of experimentation, though different growth attributes, grain yield, stover yield, and different yield attributing characters such as kernel rows cob-1, number of kernels row-1, 100 seed weight (g), number of seeds cob-1, girth of cob, length of cob and number of effective cob plant-1 were higher in conventional tillage as compared to conservation tillage but in terms of soil heath characteristics, conservation tillage had a meaningful remark from the initial years towards the future food security. Mulching @ 4 t ha-1 was found to have performed better than unmulched treatments. Application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer + Vermicompost @ 10 t ha-1 resulted in better growth and yield attributes which directly influenced to have higher grain and stover yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i1.18390 SAARC J. Agri., 11(1): 133-147 (2013)
A multi-criteria call center site selection by hierarchy grey relational analysis
Authors: Birgün Semra , Güngör Cengiz 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFacility location selection is a decision problem that takes into consideration both qualitative and quantitative factors and also is one of the most important strategic decisions affecting organizations in terms of business success. Fundamentally, it comprises evaluating a group of alternative sites on the basis of multiple criteria. In this context when alternatives and factors are multitudinous, multi-criteria decision making methods are being used for successful decisions. In this paper the decision problem is exemplified by applying on a part of a project for a call center site selection by using one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, namely hierarchy grey relational analysis, based on application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and grey relational analysis (GRA) methods. The goal of the selection is to determine the most appropriate location among the alternatives. Nine cities given as alternatives are evaluated and compared against human resources, economic and regional conditions including fourteen sub-criteria.
Solving math and science problems in the real world with a computational mind
Authors: Olabe Juan Carlos , Basogain Xabier , Olabe Miguel Ángel , Maíz Inmaculada , Castaño Carlos 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article presents a new paradigm for the study of Math and Sciences curriculum during primary and secondary education. A workshop for Education undergraduates at four different campuses (n=242) was designed to introduce participants to the new paradigm. In order to make a qualitative analysis of the current school methodologies in mathematics, participants were introduced to a taxonomic tool for the description of K-12 Math problems. The tool allows the identification, decomposition and description of Type-A problems, the characteristic ones in the traditional curriculum, and of Type-B problems in the new paradigm. The workshops culminated with a set of surveys where participants were asked to assess both the current and the new proposed paradigms. The surveys in this study revealed that according to the majority of participants: (i) The K-12 Mathematics curricula are designed to teach students exclusively the resolution of Type-A problems; (ii) real life Math problems respond to a paradigm of Type-B problems; and (iii) the current Math curriculum should be modified to include this new paradigm.
On the relationship of electrostatic cyclotron harmonic emissions with electron injections and dipolarization fronts
Authors: Zhang Xiaojia , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: March 2014

AbstractElectron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves in Earth's magnetotail have long been considered a potential driver of diffuse aurora. Because of observational constraints prohibiting theoretical progress, however, no consensus on the plasma conditions that enable excitation and observation of these waves has emerged, especially in the outer magnetosphere. Intense ECH waves are often observed upon arrival of fast earthward flows, which in turn are correlated with particle injections, and dipolarization fronts (DFs) in the plasma sheet. Using THEMIS observations, we investigate the relationship between such waves and electron injections, relevant for linear growth rates, and DFs, relevant for wave propagation. We find that >70% of ECH waves are correlated with injections and >50% of the waves are correlated with DFs. The median time lag for ECH wave onsets relative to local particle injection and DF onset is ~500 s and ~60 s, respectively. When ECH waves are correlated with both DFs and injections, injections are observed to occur first, then DFs, shortly followed by ECH waves. We discuss possible mechanisms leading to the intensification of ECH waves under different dynamic conditions, which helps to elucidate excitation of these waves in the outer magnetosphere.
Variability of Titan's induced magnetotail: Cassini magnetometer observations
Authors: Simon Sven , Neubauer Fritz M. , Wennmacher Alexandre , Dougherty Michele K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe study the structure and variability of Titan's magnetotail by analyzing Cassini magnetic field observations from all tail crossings between 2005 and 2013. Titan's magnetotail is strongly affected by fluctuations in the ambient magnetospheric field conditions. Therefore, even Titan flybys with nearly identical trajectories may reveal a completely different location and strength of the perturbations in the moon's tail. Short‐scale variations of the ambient magnetospheric field may cause a “fragmentation” of Titan's magnetic lobes, as also seen in Cassini Plasma Spectrometer ion data. By transforming the magnetic field perturbations detected during all available tail crossings to the Draping Coordinate System, we identified the following general characteristics of Titan's plasma interaction: (1) Perpendicular to the background magnetic field and the corotation direction, Titan's magnetotail is confined to a narrow region with a diameter of about 5 Titan radii. Thus, Titan's tail exhibits a rather “flat” structure reminiscent of a delta wing. (2) The plasma incident upon Titan does not possess a significant velocity component along the Saturn‐Titan line. (3) The nonzero component of the background field along the corotation direction generates an asymmetry of Titan's magnetotail which clearly manifests in Cassini magnetometer data.
Upper mantle Q structure beneath old seafloor in the western Pacific
Authors: Booth Catherine M. , Forsyth Donald W. , Weeraratne Dayanthie S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe Pacific Lithosphere Anisotropy and Thickness Experiment ocean bottom seismometer array south of the Shatsky Rise allows imaging the attenuation structure of the upper mantle in the oldest parts of the Pacific Ocean. The array consisted of eight seismometers with a lateral extent of 200 km by 600 km. Intermediate‐ and deep‐focus earthquake sources in the Mariana and Izu‐Bonin subduction zones provide paths that probe different depths beneath the seafloor. Acceleration spectra from the vertical component of P waves are inverted for the attenuation operator and corner frequency. Pn propagation indicates very high Qp values in the lithosphere, of order 1000, while path‐average Qp values in the upper mantle are on the order of 400. The variety of source epicentral distances and depths enables us to deduce the vertical Qp−1 structure of the upper mantle. Using the amplitude spectra directly in a weighted least squares problem that accounts for the effects of triplications in the traveltime curves, we invert for Qp−1 as a function of depth. We demonstrate that Qp is frequency dependent and adopt a power law dependence with coefficient α = 0.27. We resolve three distinct layers using a reference frequency of 1 Hz with Qp on the order of 145 at depths 100–250 km, Qp on the order of 350 at depths 250–410 km, and very high Qp with attenuation indistinguishable from zero for depths below 410 km. The P waves have a component of scattering, and thus, Qp−1 represents the maximum intrinsic attenuation beneath normal undisturbed oceanic lithosphere.
40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the North China and Yangtze Cratons: New constraints on Mesozoic cooling and cratonic destruction under East Asia
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Qinchen , Lin Wei , Wu Lin , Shi Wenbei , Feng Huile , Zhu Rixiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLithospheric destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) is a prominent phenomenon during the Mesozoic, but the timing and process are still in dispute. Furthermore, whether the Yangtze Craton (YTC) was also destructed is controversial. Twenty samples collected from the NCC and YTC were subjected to high‐resolution40Ar/39Ar geochronological and thermochronological studies. Average cooling rates of 450–150°C were estimated, showing that a rapid cooling event (~12°C/Ma) occurred on the NCC but not on the YTC during the Late Mesozoic. Crustal thickness can be roughly estimated by using pure conductive cooling showing that the crust of the NCC in the Jurassic was thicker than in the Cretaceous. Nonlinear cooling histories and cooling rates obtained by using multidomain diffusion theory show that the upper crusts of NCC and YTC had different cooling patterns during the Mesozoic. Combined with the sedimentation rates on the NCC, we argue that lithospheric thinning of the NCC began in the northern portion at ~140–135 Ma and peaked in the central and eastern portions at ~125–100 Ma, at a cooling rate of ~9.6°C/Ma. In contrast, the YTC cooled gently during 200–75 Ma at a rate of ~1.2°C/Ma, implying that the lithospheric thinning did not happen there during this time. Pure conductive cooling suggests that the crust of the YTC in the Late Triassic was thicker than the NCC in the Cretaceous; therefore, we argue that the lithospheric destruction in the YTC might have occurred after ~75 Ma.
Band‐limited topographic mass distribution generates full‐spectrum gravity field: Gravity forward modeling in the spectral and spatial domains revisited
Authors: Hirt Christian , Kuhn Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMost studies on gravity forward modeling in the spectral domain truncate the gravitational potential spectra at a resolution commensurate with the input topographic mass model. This implicitly assumes spectral consistency between topography and implied topographic potential. Here we demonstrate that a band‐limited topographic mass distribution generates gravity signals with spectral energy at spatial scales far beyond the input topography's resolution. The spectral energy at scales shorter than the resolution of the input topography is associated with the contributions made by higher‐order integer powers of the topography to the topographic potential. The pth integer power of a topography expanded to spherical harmonic degree n is found to make contributions to the topographic potential up to harmonic degree p times n. New numerical comparisons between Newton's integral evaluated in the spatial and spectral domain show that this previously little addressed truncation effect reaches amplitudes of several mGal for topography‐implied gravity signals. Modeling the short‐scale gravity signal in the spectral domain improves the agreement between spatial and spectral domain techniques to the μGal level, or below 10−5 in terms of relative errors. Our findings have important implications for the use of gravity forward modeling in geophysics and geodesy: The topographic potential in spherical harmonics must be calculated to a much higher harmonic degree than resolved by the input topography if consistency between topography and implied potential is sought. With the improved understanding of the spectral modeling technique in this paper, theories, and computer implementations for both techniques can now be significantly better mutually validated.
Evaluating the impact of multisensor data assimilation on a global aerosol particle transport model
Authors: Zhang Jianglong , Campbell James R. , Hyer Edward J. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Westphal Douglas L. , Johnson Randall S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBy evaluating quality‐assured Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Dark Target (DT), MODIS Deep Blue (DB), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol products assimilated into the U. S. Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS), the impact of single‐sensor and multisensor data assimilation on aerosol optical depth (AOD) analysis and forecast skill is characterized using ground‐based Level 2 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data sets during the 2007 boreal summer (June–August 2007). The single‐sensor assimilation experiment suggests that all products tested can improve NAAPS performance on a regional or a global scale. The multisensor assimilation experiment suggests that model improvement is greatest with the combined use of Terra and Aqua MODIS DT products, largely due to data density. Incremental improvements are identified, as a function of data density, over regions such as the Saharan desert when adding MISR and MODIS DB products. The inclusion of CALIOP data is mass‐neutral by definition and has an insignificant impact on the NAAPS 00 h analysis. CALIOP assimilation does improve the 48 h forecast from NAAPS due to more accurate 00 h vertical distribution and hence forecasted advection. Root‐mean‐square errors exceeding 0.1 are found over East Asia and North Africa for both the NAAPS analysis and satellite AOD data, indicating that satellite aerosol products in these two regions need improvement. Similarly, low correlation is found between NAAPS and AERONET over Australia, even with the use of all available satellite aerosol products, suggesting that more detailed examination of some critical regions is necessary.
Adapting to Global Change: Ageing, Urbanisation and Resilience
Authors: Birks Francesca , Prater Katherine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith climate change, natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes and tsunamis are occurring worldwide with greater frequency. This is at a time when an expanding older population is living in cities, where it is proving one of the most vulnerable groups when a crisis hits, from evacuation to recovery. Here, Francesca Birks and Katherine Prater of ArupForesight + Research + Innovation consider design solutions that enable the liveability of cities for ageing residents in periods of disaster, as well as stability.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Triazoloquinazolinones via Copper‐ Catalyzed Tandem Click and Intramolecular CH Amidation
Authors: Selvaraju Manikandan , Sun Chung‐Ming 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel and highly efficient copper‐catalyzed tandem synthesis of triazoloquinazolinones is explored. The synthetic strategy involves a sequential one‐pot click reaction followed by aerobic intramolecular CH amidation. Two distinct and important transformations were carried out in one‐pot by employing a single cost‐effective copper catalyst. The milder, rapid and ligand‐free reaction conditions as well as a broader substrate scope are the salient features of this novel protocol.magnified image
An Intramolecular Pyranone Diels–Alder Cycloaddition Approach to Cannabinol
Authors: Fan Fangfang , Dong Jingjing , Wang Jinqian , Song Lina , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe natural product cannabinol was synthesized using an intramolecular pyranone Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction as the key step. This strategy is well adapted to access cannabinol analogues.magnified image
Disassembly Kinetics of Quinone‐Methide‐Based Self‐Immolative Spacers that Contain Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Alouane Ahmed , Labruère Raphaël , Silvestre Katherine J. , Le Saux Thomas , Schmidt Frédéric , Jullien Ludovic 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe prepared several pyridine‐ and pyrimidine‐based self‐immolative spacer groups to evaluate the significance of the resonance energy of the spacer aromatic ring on the kinetics of 1,4‐ and 1,6‐elimination reactions, which govern spacer disassembly. Subsequently, we relied on a photoactivation procedure to accurately analyze the disassembly kinetics. Beyond providing new results that are relevant for deriving quantitative structure–property relationships, herein, we demonstrate that pH value can be used as an efficient parameter to finely control the disassembly time of a self‐immolative spacer after an initial activation.
An in vitro high‐throughput assay for screening reproductive and toxic effects of anticancer compounds
Authors: Edwards Vicki , Benkendorff Kirsten , Young Fiona 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn in vitro assay was developed that simultaneously tested the effects of anticancer drug candidates on cytotoxicity, hormone synthesis, and gonadotrophin responsiveness using the choriocarcinoma JAr cell line. JAr culture conditions were optimized and then cells were exposed to a marine mollusc extract in the presence and absence of hCG. The intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variation of the optimized 1 H thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide assay were 11.3% and 10.9%, respectively. hCG (1,000 mIU/mL) increased progesterone (P4) synthesis after 24 H (P < 0.05). The mollusc extract significantly decreased cell viability, with the IC50 affected by incubation time, but not hCG. P4 synthesis was inhibited at low concentrations of the anticancer extract, but stimulated at the highest concentration, and complex interactions of P4 were also found with hCG. In conclusion, the optimized assay is useful to characterize the effects of novel drugs on cytotoxicity, basal, and gonadotrophin‐stimulated P4 synthesis in vitro, and can be used to inform subsequent in vivo studies.
Prevalence of treated and untreated groin hernia in eastern Uganda
Authors: Löfgren J , Makumbi F , Galiwango E , Nordin P , Ibingira C , Forsberg B C , Wladis A 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Hernia repair is the most commonly performed general surgical procedure worldwide. The prevalence is poorly described in many areas, and access to surgery may not be met in low- and middle-income countries. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of groin hernia and the surgical repair rate in a defined sub-Saharan region of Africa.

Methods
A two-part study on hernia prevalence was carried out in eastern Uganda. The first was a population-based prevalence study with 900 randomly selected men in a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site. The second was a prospective facility-based study of all surgical procedures performed in the two hospitals providing surgical care in the region.

Results
The overall prevalence of groin hernia (current hernia or scar after groin hernia surgery) in men was 9·4 per cent. Less than one-third of men with a hernia had been operated on. More than half had no pain symptoms. The youngest age group had an overall prevalence of 2·4 per cent, which increased to 7·9 per cent in the age range 35–54 years, and to 37 per cent among those aged 55 years and above. The groin hernia surgery rate at the hospitals investigated was 17 per 100 000 population per year, which corresponds to a surgical correction rate of less than 1 per cent per year. Based on hospital records, a considerable number of patients having surgery for groin hernia were women (20 of 84 patients, 24 per cent).

Conclusion
Groin hernia is a common condition in men in this east Ugandan cohort and the annual surgical correction rate is low. Investment is needed to increase surgical capacity in this healthcare system.