bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downstream Effects of Maternal Hypothyroxinemia in Early Pregnancy: Nonverbal IQ and Brain Morphology in School-Age Children
Authors: Ghassabian Akhgar , El Marroun Hanan , Peeters Robin P. , Jaddoe Vincent W. , Hofman Albert , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning , White Tonya 
Published: March 2014

Context:
Although maternal hypothyroxinemia is suggested to be related to various adverse consequences in a child's neurodevelopment, the underlying neurobiology is largely unknown.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between maternal hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy and children's nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ). Furthermore, we explored whether global brain volumes, cortical thickness, and brain surface area differed between children exposed prenatally to hypothyroxinemia and healthy controls.

Design and Setting:
The study included a large population-based prospective birth cohort in The Netherlands.

Participants:
A total of 3727 mother-child pairs with data on prenatal thyroid function at less than 18 weeks of gestation and nonverbal IQ at 6 years participated in the study. In 652 children, brain imaging was performed at 8 years of age.

Main Measures:
Maternal hypothyroxinemia was defined as free T4 in the lowest 5% of the sample, whereas TSH was in the normal range. At 6 years, children's IQ was assessed using a Dutch test battery. Global brain volumetric measures, cortical thickness, and surface area were assessed using high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Results:
The children of mothers with hypothyroxinemia in early pregnancy scored 4.3 points IQ lower than the children of mothers with normal thyroid status (95% confidence interval −6.68, −1.81; P = .001). After adjustment for multiple testing, we did not find any differences in brain volumetric measures, cortical thickness, and surface area between children exposed prenatally to hypothyroxinemia and controls.

Conclusions:
Our findings confirm a large adverse effect of maternal hypothyroxinemia on children's nonverbal IQ at school age. However, we found no evidence that maternal hypothyroxinemia is associated with differences in brain morphology in school-age children.
Enfoques de enseñanza de profesores universitarios en México
Authors: Estévez Nenninger Etty Haydee , Arreola Olivarría Claudia Gabriela , Valdés Cuervo Angel Alberto 
Published: March 2014

Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de establecer el grado en el que profesores universitarios realizan, según su percepción, actividades acordes con un enfoque de enseñanza cognitivo-constructivista y de formación integral, así como explorar relaciones significativas entre el enfoque de enseñanza expresado por el profesor y variables de tipo socio-demográfico, académico y de carrera docente. Se elaboró un cuestionario para medir la frecuencia de actividades de enseñanza propias de un enfoque cognitivo-constructivista y de formación integral (Estévez, 2002; Reigeluth, 1983, 1999). Se seleccionaron, de manera no probabilística, 250 docentes de las dos universidades públicas más importantes de Sonora, México. El análisis de los resultados se realizó con pruebas Anovas de una vía y de medidas repetidas, post hoc y pruebas t de Student para muestras independientes. Se concluyó que los profesores encuestados desarrollan con una alta frecuencia actividades de planeación didáctica según un enfoque cognitivo-constructivista y de formación integral, sin embargo, manifiestan un nivel medio en la definición de objetivos y estrategias para enseñar a aprender. La realización de actividades con orientación cognitivo-constructivista fue mayor en las mujeres, en los docentes con contrato por asignatura, en los que cuentan con más horas de capacitación docente y en los que dedican menos tiempo a la investigación. Lo anterior implica que la práctica de actividades propias de un enfoque cognitivo-constructivista e integral es irregular en los docentes y que se encuentra afectada por variables personales, académicas y laborales.
Alveolar Bone Resorption Induced by CD4+CD45RB High‐Density T‐Cell Transfer in Immunocompromised Mice
Authors: Park Jung‐Chul , Kim Bo‐Kyoung , Jung Im‐Hee , Choi Eunyoung , Kim Chang‐Sung 
Published: March 2014

Background: The aims of this study are to determine whether the antigen‐inexperienced (naive, CD45RB high‐density) T‐cell (CD4+CD45RBHigh T‐cell) transfer model is associated with alveolar bone resorption, to elucidate the local osteogenic/adipogenic potential of alveolar bone marrow stromal cells (ABCs) from T‐cell–transferred animals, and to investigate the systemic osteogenic potential by transplanting human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) into these animals.Methods: CD4+CD45RBHigh and CD4+CD45RBLow (antigen‐experienced [memory, CD45RB low‐density]) T cells were sorted and transferred into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice to induce inflammatory bowel disease–like syndrome (n = 8). hPDLSCs were transplanted into T‐cell–transferred SCID mice to examine ectopic cementum formation 8 weeks after T‐cell transfer. The mandibles and tibias of these mice were retrieved for microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), histomorphometric analysis, and isolation of ABCs 16 weeks after T‐cell transfer. The in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic potentials of the ABCs were evaluated.Results: Histologic and micro‐CT analysis revealed that the transfer of CD4+CD45RBHigh T‐cell subset was sufficient for alveolar bone resorption and affected the osteogenic/adipogenic potential of ABCs. Furthermore, it was found that CD4+CD45RBHigh T‐cell–transferred animals have decreased systemic osteogenic potential, as evidenced using the in vivo ectopic hPDLSC transplantation model.Conclusion: CD4+CD45RBHigh T‐cell transfer induced both alveolar bone resorption and reduced systemic osteogenic potential, with a concomitant downregulation of the osteogenic potential of ABCs.
Secondary bilateral cleft lip-nose deformity correction by rhinoplasty with simultaneous Abbe flap
Authors: Mokal Nitin J. , Juneja Manpreet 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAim: The purpose of this article is to review modification and outcome of secondary rhinoplasty along with Abbι flap for correction of secondary bilateral cleft lip deformity. Materials and Methods: A total of thirteen patients of secondary bilateral cleft lip-nose deformity having tight upper lip, lack of acceptable philtral column, Cupid′s bow definition, irregular lip scars, and associated nasal deformity were selected. All the patients received Abbι flap and simultaneous nasal correction. All cases were treated during a period of three years. Mean patient age at the time of the operation was 21 years, and ranged from 16 to 27 years. The average follow-up period was three years. Results: Assessment of results was based on comparing preoperative and postoperative clinical photographs done by surgeon and patient relatives and patient satisfaction questionnaires. The columellar lengthening and upper lip vermillion correction achieved was satisfactory. There were no perioperative complications such as airway obstruction, bleeding, infection, wound disruption, or flap necrosis.
Anomalous superficial ulnar artery based flap
Authors: Ramani C. V. , Kundagulwar Girish K. , Dushyanth Jaiswal , Prabha Yadav S. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTUpper limb shows a large number of arterial variations. This case report describes the presence of additional superficial ulnar artery which was used to raise a pedicle flap to cover an arm defect thus avoided using the main vessel of the forearm - radial or ulnar artery. Vascular anomalies occurring in the arm and forearm tend to increase the likelihood of damaging the superficial anomalous arteries during surgery. Superficial ulnar or radial arteries have been described to originate from the upper third of the brachial artery; here we report the origin of the anomalous superficial ulnar artery originating from the brachial artery at the level of elbow with the concomitant presence of normal deep radial and ulnar arteries.
Oral storytelling and national kinship: Reflections on the oral narrative performance in the Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festivals
Authors: Opondo Rose A. 
Published: March 2014

The story, in the form of the oral narrative, has always been a communalizing genre in the traditional African setting. It then functioned as a tool that brings together not only the artist and the particular audience, but also the entire community within which the performances are derived and performed. However, postcolonial, modern and global situations have greatly impacted on the traditional kinship structures in Africa and kinship fostering tools like the African oral narrative have not been spared. The introduction of the oral storytelling onto the proscenium stage in the Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festivals (KSCDF) has contributed to perpetuate the performance of this genre to significant degrees. This move has not only recalled attention to oral narratives, but also has revolutionized the performance and functional aspects of oral storytelling. Various aspects of the oral narrative genre have changed, from the multi-ethnic audience to the elaborate narrative structures and the varying orientationsÂ of the oral artists in KSCDF. The dramatic elements of the narrative have also been enhanced to justify its inclusion within the wider dramatic genre. This article investigates the structural and thematic reorientations of the contemporary Kenyan oral narrative and how it influences the reorientations of kinship in a postcolonial reality characterized by heterogeneous consumer audience and the need for national commonality. The aim is to understand the reorientations of oral storytelling and its scripted machinations of multi-ethnicity woven into the narrative as part of its contemporarily requisite features; the question is whether or not these reorientations enable the ideological adoption of some form of kinship across the diverse ethnic groups in Kenya.
Analysis of Near Miss Cases as a Reflection of Emergency Obstetric Services and Need of Obstetric ICCU
Authors: Desai Ajesh , Kansara Vijay , Sahijwani Disha Vijay 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives
World Health Organization (WHO) has defined near miss case as ‘a woman presenting any life-threatening condition and surviving a complication that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy’. This study aims to calculate near miss rate (NMR), maternal mortality rate (MMR), severe maternal outcome ratio, and near miss maternal death of our hospital. Indications of near miss events (NME) and their mortality index and the incidence of each organ dysfunction and its mortality index have been studied.

Design
A retrospective study of hospital records was done to complete proforma and summarize obstetric and perinatal events from April 2011 to October 2011 at Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Near miss events were identified according to criteria of organ dysfunction given by Mantel et al 1998.

Results
Out of total 3, 242 live births, 97 NME occurred among which 27 expired. Thus, NMR and MMR of our hospital is 21.5 per 1,000 and 832.8 per 100,000 live births respectively. Severe maternal outcome ratio is 29.9 (97/3242) and maternal mortality to near miss ratio is 1:2.58. Mortality index of our institute is 27.8% (27/97). 80.4% patients developed NME before hospitalization. Severe-PIH was the most common cause of NME but carried a low mortality index of 5.8%. Whereas, complicated cases of malaria and hepatitis E had high mortality index of 75 and 38.8% respectively.

Conclusion
This study describes a relatively high mortality index and NMR (21.5/1,000 live births) as compared to data from other developing countries.

How to cite this article
Sahijwani DV, Desai A, Kansara V. Analysis of Near Miss Cases as a Reflection of Emergency Obstetric Services and Need of Obstetric ICCU. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):99-101.
Weight does Matter! A Study of Effect of Obesity on Pregnancy and its Outcome
Authors: Maru Laxmi , Daksha Shraddha , Dave Anupama , Natu Neeta 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To analyze the significant risk associated with obesity and its consequences on obstetrics management and perinatal outcome.

Materials and methods
A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, MGM Medical College and My Hospital, Indore. The study enrolled 200 pregnant women with body mass index (BMI) >25 and equal number of women with normal BMI (18-24.9) as control.

Results
A total of 76 (38%) out of 200 pregnant women were overweight, 70 (35%) were obese type 1 (BMI: 30-34.9), 44 (22%) had BMI (35-39.9) and 10 (5%) had BMI >40. In comparison to normal BMI pregnant women, women with BMI >25 had significant risk of gestation hypertension (p = 0.004), pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04) gestational diabetes mellitus and shoulder dystocia (p = 0.021), cesarean section (0.0001), induced labor (0.0001) and decreased incidence of VBAC (p = 0.037) with postoperative wound infection. Neonates of these women were mostly macrosomic (p = 0.021) and had high incidence of shoulder dystocia.

Conclusion
High maternal BMI at booking is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. Achieving a normal BMI prior to conception with the institution of healthy eating and exercise regimens may represent an ideal option.

How to cite this article
Dave A, Maru L, Daksha S, Natu N. Weight does Matter! A Study of Effect of Obesity on Pregnancy and its Outcome. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3): 107-110.
Attitude and Practice of Contraception among Gynecologists at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Hemani Sunita , Mital Premlata 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Medical healthcare providers are an important link with the general public to impart knowledge regarding contraception. However, their own attitude and practice of contraception is often lacking.

Objective
This study was conducted to assess the attitude and practice of contraception over the last 5 years of the gynecologists themselves in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted on 125 female gynecologists in a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur. All were given a questionnaire which was duly filled by them and data obtained was analyzed.

Results
All the doctors used some form of contraception. The mean age was 29.32 years. The commonest was the barrier method (38.4%) followed by OC pills (27.2%). Twenty-one percent of the barrier users used them occasionally. Emergency contraception was used by either those using natural methods of contraception or who were occasional users of OC pills or condoms. Fifty percent of the couples relying on natural methods conceived.

Conclusion
Gynecologists have complete knowledge regarding contraception, yet fail to use it regularly. Proper attitude and practice is essential to prevent unintended pregnancies.

How to cite this article
Hemani S, Hooja N, Mital P. Attitude and Practice of Contraception among Gynecologists at a Tertiary Care Hospital. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3): 129-131.
Chronic Pelvic Pain: An Overview
Authors: Goel Jai Kishan , Goel Siddharth 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is not a disease but a complex multidimensional syndrome. Although any one disorder may be the cause of CPP, pain can also be the end result of several medical conditions, with each contributing to the generation of pain and requiring management.
Women with chronic pelvic pain are often disappointed with the quality of their medical consultations and want their clinician, a personalized care, empathetic and take their symptoms seriously, provide an explanation as to the cause of their pain syndrome and be reassuring. Gastrointestinal, urological, gynecological, psychological, and musculoskeletal sources should be considered in evaluating women with chronic pelvic pain. A complete history, physical examination and counseling can take 45 to 90 minutes to women with CPP. Laboratory testing is of limited value in evaluating women with CPP and, however, pelvic ultrasound is highly sensitive for identifying pelvic masses and determining the origin of the mass. Diagnostic laparoscopy is recommended, if GI, GU and myofascial and neuropathic causes are ruled out or treated and the results of the psychological evaluation are negative. However in 30% of the cases, no cause is ever determined and it presents a therapeutic challenge to the clinician.
Success in treating women with chronic pelvic pain is greatly facilitated by earning their trust and confidence. To decide on the best therapeutic plan for an individual patient, the physician and patient should have a thorough discussion of her preferences and values regarding testing, medical versus surgical treatment and childbearing plans. For many patients, the optimal approach involves a combination of treatments.

How to cite this article
Goel JK, Goel S. Chronic Pelvic Pain: An Overview. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3): 147-153.
Effectiveness of Manual Vacuum Aspiration in Missed Miscarriage of Less Than 12 Weeks Gestation
Authors: Ambreen Afshan , Intsar Ayesha 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective
To determine the effectiveness of manual vaccum aspiration in missed miscarriage of less than 12 weeks gestation.

Place and duration of study
Department of Obstetric and gynecology, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore for a period of 6 months from March 2012 to August 2012 and 87 patients with missed miscarriage were included in the study. In all patients evacuation was done by Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA). The data of each patient and outcome of procedure was recorded in a performa.

Results
In this study MVA was 96.5% effective to evacuate the uterus up to 12 weeks gestation while in 3.5% cases procedure failed and further procedure was required to evacuate the uterus. Highest frequency of effectiveness was found in age group of between 15 and 30 years. Primiparous women had highest frequency of effective evacuation. MVA was 100% effective at gestational age between 8 and 10 weeks. Increased BMI was associated with incomplete evacuation.

Conclusion
The present study shows that MVA is effective method to treat missed miscarriage of less than 12 weeks of gestation. In this study we concluded that there is an association between young patient age, low parity, early gestational age, low BMI and effectiveness of MVA.

How to cite this article
Ambreen A, Intsar A. Effectiveness of Manual Vacuum Aspiration in Missed Miscarriage of Less Than 12 Weeks Gestation. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3):154-157.
The Real Versus the Financial Economy: A Global Tale of Stability Versus Volatility
Authors: Mundt Philipp , Förster Niels , Alfarano Simone , Milaković Mishael 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The question how the real and the financial side of a capitalist economy relate to each other has been a frequently recurring topic in the history of economic thought. Our paper addresses this question from the viewpoint that capital ultimately seeks returns from its perpetual reallocation and essentially faces two choices: it can either be “entrepreneurially” allocated to real economic activity, or it can be “financially” invested in legal claims against such activity. Adopting such a perspective, we study here how real and financial returns relate to each other over the past fifteen years, both within and across countries, by considering more than 30,000 publicly traded firms in more than forty countries that stand for 70% of the global population and about 90% of world income. We compare the average rates of return to both types of investment and their respective volatilities. While average returns, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, turn out to be roughly equal across the two domains, the volatility of financial returns exceeds ‘real volatility’ by an order of magnitude. From a systemic point of view, these findings raise the question why capital would seek out financial investments in the first place.
Femmes âgées, pauvres et sans droit de vote, mais… citoyennes?
Authors: Charles Aline 
Published: March 2014

Socialement invisibles jusque-là, les personnes âgées, que l’on appelle alors les « vieillards », du Québec font irruption en 1936 sur la scène politique, en pleine crise économique. Beaucoup écrivent au premier ministre en le pressant d’instaurer la pension de vieillesse pour personnes démunies qui existe ailleurs au Canada. Parmi les lettres reçues, de nombreuses femmes, âgées et pauvres réclament cette pension comme un droit, une faveur ou les deux à la fois. Intervenant sur un terrain où ne les convient ni leur sexe, ni leur âge, ni leur origine sociale, ces Québécoises âgées testent les conceptions de la citoyenneté et préfigurent l’évolution qui fera de la vieillesse une affaire d’État.
Les perceptions et les enjeux de la vieillesse féminine dans l’art à l’aube de l’époque moderne
Authors: Cordone Caroline Schuster 
Published: March 2014

Du xvie au xviiie siècle, le vieillissement féminin donne naissance à des témoignages iconographiques et textuels contrastés qui rendent compte des fonctions consenties à la vieille femme, tout comme des préjugés souvent négatifs à son égard. Au sein d’une société qui glorifie, dès la Renaissance, jeunesse, beauté et fécondité, il n’est pas aisé pour une femme mûre de maintenir un rôle lui assurant une considération familiale et sociale. Il existe aussi des femmes artistes qui incarnent les défis du grand âge et les enjeux d’une conquête qui est encore actuelle : accepter l’altérité de la vieillesse et lui donner un sens et une dignité.
Earthquake ruptures modulated by waves in damaged fault zones
Authors: Huang Yihe , Ampuero Jean‐Paul , Helmberger Don V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFaults are usually surrounded by damaged zones of lower elastic moduli and seismic wave velocities than their host rocks. If the interface between the damaged rocks and host rocks is sharp enough, earthquakes happening inside the fault zone generate reflected waves and head waves, which can interact with earthquake ruptures and modulate rupture properties such as rupture speed, slip rate, and rise time. We find through 2–D dynamic rupture simulations the following: (1) Reflected waves can induce multiple slip pulses. The rise time of the primary pulse is controlled by fault zone properties, rather than by frictional properties. (2) Head waves can cause oscillations of rupture speed and, in a certain range of fault zone widths, a permanent transition to supershear rupture with speeds that would be unstable in homogeneous media. (3) Large attenuation smears the slip rate function and delays the initial acceleration of rupture speed but does not affect significantly the rise time or the period of rupture speed oscillations. (4) Fault zones cause a rotation of the background stress field and can induce plastic deformations on both extensional and compressional sides of the fault. The plastic deformations are accumulated both inside and outside the fault zone, which indicates a correlation between fault zone development and repeating ruptures. Spatially periodic patterns of plastic deformations are formed due to oscillating rupture speed, which may leave a permanent signature in the geological record. Our results indicate that damaged fault zones with sharp boundaries promote multiple slip pulses and supershear ruptures.