bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change and ice hazards in the Beaufort Sea
Authors: Barber D. G. , McCullough G. , Babb D. , Komarov A. S. , Candlish L. M. , Lukovich J.V. , Asplin M. , Prinsenberg S. , Dmitrenko I. , Rysgaard S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Recent reductions in the summer extent of sea ice have focused the world’s attention on the effects of climate change. Increased CO2-derived global warming is rapidly shrinking the Arctic multi-year ice pack. This shift in ice regimes allows for increasing development opportunities for large oil and gas deposits known to occur throughout the Arctic. Here we show that hazardous ice features remain a threat to stationary and mobile infrastructure in the southern Beaufort Sea. With the opening up of the ice pack, forecasting of high-frequency oscillations or local eddy-driven ice motion will be a much more complex task than modeling average ice circulation. Given the observed reduction in sea ice extent and thickness this rather counterintuitive situation, associated with a warming climate, poses significant hazards to Arctic marine oil and gas development and marine transportation. Accurate forecasting of hazardous ice motion will require improved real-time surface wind and ocean current forecast models capable of ingesting local satellite-derived wind data and/or local, closely-spaced networks of anemometers and improved methods of determining high-frequency components of surface ocean current fields ‘up-stream’ from drilling and extraction operations.
Influence of Friction in Supporting Rollers on the Apparent Flexural Performance of Third-Point Loaded Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Bernard E. S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Existing beam-based ASTM test methods for the assessment of post-crack performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) and Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete (FRS) contain detailed specifications for many components of the test apparatus including the yoke assembly for measuring specimen deflection and the control system required for the test machine. However, there is limited attention paid to the design of the supporting rollers with the result that laboratories have been left to develop their own designs for this component of the test apparatus. Simple free-body force calculations for a cracked FRC beam indicate that friction in the supporting rollers can significantly influence the apparent post-crack performance of a beam. The present investigation has confirmed experimentally that the apparent post-crack performance of a third-point loaded FRC beam will be biased as a result of friction in the supporting rollers. Rollers that fail to roll during a test will lead to over-estimated post-crack performance. Due to the potentially serious consequences of unconservative FRC performance estimation a “standard” design for a supporting roller has been proposed for use in all ASTM beam tests. Use of this supporting roller design will lead to a reduction in performance variability between laboratories and improve the confidence users can have in the post-crack properties of FRC.
Investigating Applicability of Complex Modulus and Creep Compliance Interconversion in Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Ebrahimi Milad , Saleh Mofreh , Moyers Gonzalez Miguel 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Creep compliance, relaxation, and complex modulus are fundamental rheological properties used to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt concrete mixtures. These response functions can be determined either through the frequency domain test known as the complex modulus test (E*) or from time domain tests such as those for the creep compliance D(t) and relaxation modulus E(t). Theoretically speaking, all these functions should be transferred through mathematical interconversion techniques. In order to check the applicability of these mathematical methods to actual test data, complex modulus and static creep tests were carried out in this research on specimens with various volumetric properties. Sign-controlled Prony series representation was fitted to the actual experimental data. The data were then interconverted from frequency domain to time domain via the application of interconversion techniques. It was found that the functions resulting from interconversion methods were not necessarily in agreement with the test results. Differences in the nature of the test domain and specimen-to-specimen differences resulted in discrepancies between the relaxation modulus determined from the complex modulus and that from the static creep test. Finally, the combined error technique was applied to available data in order to minimize the existing deviation.
A Biobehavioral Framework of Worry for Nursing Application
Authors: Lehto Rebecca H. 
Published: March 2014

Worry, characterized by repetitive and involuntary aversive thoughts about perceived concerns, is a central mental health complaint known to negatively impact quality of life of individuals facing perceived threats to health or well-being. Although empirical focus on worry has escalated over the past three decades, there has been less attention to current research trends and knowledge development related to this important phenomenon in nursing. This article presents a biobehavioral conceptual framework of worry for nursing application that is derived from a concept synthesis of biological, behavioral, clinical, and cognitive psychology sources.Databases including CINAHL, EBM Review, Health & Wellness Resource Center, PsycINFO, and PubMed were systematically reviewed for the years 2000–2012. The adapted conceptual framework describes relationships among perceived threat; process, structure, and content worry attributes; and outcomes of worry. The framework may be applied in clinical environments as a resource to better understand and care for patients facing perceived threats to health and well-being. The framework contributes a foundation to build empirical knowledge for nursing practice, theory, and research that has potential to improve patient well-being and health-related quality of life outcomes.
On conformally flat Lorentz parabolic manifolds
Authors: Kamishima Yoshinobu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe introduce conformally flat Fefferman-Lorentz manifold of parabolic type as a special class of Lorentz parabolic manifolds. It is a smooth (2n+2)-manifold locally modeled on (Û(n+1, 1), S 2n+1,1). As the terminology suggests, when a Fefferman-Lorentz manifold M is conformally flat, M is a Fefferman-Lorentz manifold of parabolic type. We shall discuss which compact manifolds occur as a conformally flat Fefferman-Lorentz manifold of parabolic type.
Oscillation of certain third-order quasilinear neutral differential equations
Authors: Yang Linlin , Xu Zhiting 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this paper, new oscillation criteria for the third-order quasilinear neutral differential equation $$\left( {a\left( t \right)\left( {z''\left( t \right)} \right)^\gamma } \right)^\prime + q\left( t \right)x^\gamma \left( {\tau \left( t \right)} \right) = 0, t \geqslant t_0 ,$$ are established, where z(t) = x(t) + p(t)x(δ(t)), and γ is a ratio of odd positive integers. Those results extend the oscillation criteria due to Sun [SUN, Y. G.: New Kamenev-type oscillation criteria for second-order nonlinear differential equations with damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 291 (2004) 341–351] to the equation, and complement the existing results in literature. Two examples are provided to illustrate the relevance of our main theorems.
Increasing of the urban traffic surveillance by automatic information device
Authors: Mircea Moldovan , Nicolae Filip 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOur work consists in the development and setting of an electronic information panel designed to monitor road traffic informational characteristics (velocity, vehicle length and flow density). This information is available using two displays installed above the monitored traffic line. Wishing a “just in time” warning for the driver, the display of the instantaneous speed was represented by the green light if it falls within the legal speed and red light if it is over the legal speed. Our aim was to develop an informing, monitoring and data storing equipment, able to record the time, the speed and the length of crossing vehicles. A test version, which consists of three main modules: the detection module, a programmable controller and an information panel, was designed and a complex hardware and software equipment was manufactured. The efficiency, reliability and stability in operation were the chosen criteria for the detection module. The programmable controller processes the data collected from detectors and displays it. In the future, the hardware platform will allow the connection to other devices (eg. GPRS modem), aiming to achieve the possibility to operate independently or integrated into a system of remote macro-monitoring (idea for further development).
Simulating adverse event spontaneous reporting systems as preferential attachment networks
Authors: Botsis T. , Ball R. , Scott J. 
Published: March 2014

Summary
Background: Spontaneous Reporting Systems [SRS] are critical tools in the post-licensure evaluation of medical product safety. Regulatory authorities use a variety of data mining techniques to detect potential safety signals in SRS databases. Assessing the performance of such signal detection procedures requires simulated SRS databases, but simulation strategies proposed to date each have limitations.
Objective: We sought to develop a novel SRS simulation strategy based on plausible mechanisms for the growth of databases over time.
Methods: We developed a simulation strategy based on the network principle of preferential attachment. We demonstrated how this strategy can be used to create simulations based on specific databases of interest, and provided an example of using such simulations to compare signal detection thresholds for a popular data mining algorithm.
Results: The preferential attachment simulations were generally structurally similar to our targeted SRS database, although they had fewer nodes of very high degree. The approach was able to generate signal-free SRS simulations, as well as mimicking specific known true signals. Explorations of different reporting thresholds for the FDA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System suggested that using proportional reporting ratio [PRR] > 3.0 may yield better signal detection operating characteristics than the more commonly used PRR > 2.0 threshold.
Discussion: The network analytic approach to SRS simulation based on the principle of preferential attachment provides an attractive framework for exploring the performance of safety signal detection algorithms. This approach is potentially more principled and versatile than existing simulation approaches.
Conclusion: The utility of network-based SRS simulations needs to be further explored by evaluating other types of simulated signals with a broader range of data mining approaches, and comparing network-based simulations with other simulation strategies where applicable.
Citation: Scott J, Botsis T, Ball R. Simulating adverse event spontaneous reporting systems as preferential attachment networks: Application to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 206–218 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-11-RA-0097
Ultrasonic Measurement on the Single Crystal La2(1-x)Sr2xCuC4
Authors: Yamaguchi Mitsushiro , Suzuki Masaru , Okuda Yuichi , Hidaka Yoshikazu , Murakami Toshiaki 
Published: March 2014

Ultrasonic measurement of the single crystal La2(1-x)Sr2x
CuO4 (x=0.06) was performed from 4.2 K to 300 K with emphasis on the anomalies near the superconducting transition T
c of 11 K and the structural phase transition T
d of 250 K. A longitudinal wave was propagated parallel to the Cu–O plane. On cooling from room temperature down to the structural phase transition temperature, the sound velocity decreased gradually. A large discontinuity of sound velocity from 5.1×103 m/sec to 3.2	i
m
e
s103 m/sec was observed just at the structural phase transition. The discontinuity of sound velocity at T
c was not found within the present resolution of Δ
V/V∼5×10-6.
Controls on segmentation and morphology along the back‐arc Eastern Lau Spreading Center and Valu Fa Ridge
Authors: Sleeper Jonathan D. , Martinez Fernando 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBack‐arc spreading centers increasingly depart from mid‐ocean ridge (MOR) characteristics with proximity to the arc volcanic front. The close association of these departures with slab‐derived materials in erupted lavas suggests that subduction‐related chemical effects are their primary cause. The Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR) are type examples of this process. Together they constitute a first‐order spreading center in the Lau back‐arc basin that progressively converges on the Tofua arc volcanic front from north to south. Here we use ship multibeam and deep‐towed side‐scan sonar data to examine variations in axial morphology and volcanism at the second‐ and third‐order segment scale along these ridges and develop a model for the processes that control them. Closest to the arc, VFR, and the southern segment of the ELSC shoal toward second‐order segment ends, in contrast to MORs. Northward and beyond ~70 km from the arc, the axis becomes abruptly deeper and flatter and no longer shoals toward second‐order segment ends. At VFR, along‐axis topographic highs correlate with the location of arc volcanoes along slab flow lines. These correlations are weaker along the southernmost ELSC segment and absent along ELSC segments farther north. The observations show a modulation of back‐arc segmentation with arc proximity that rapidly diminishes with distance. They support a model of the mantle wedge with a strongly hydrous domain within ~70 km of the arc within which the arc and ridge interact and a much less hydrous domain farther from the arc without evident arc‐ridge interactions.
Phase‐Transfer‐Catalyzed Asymmetric α‐Arylation of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Yamamoto Kenichiro , Tokuda Takashi , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHighly enantioselective α‐arylation of α‐amino acid derivatives via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) was achieved under phase‐transfer conditions. Various kinds of α‐amino acids and aryl triflates containing a nitro group can be tolerated in this reaction to give α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids in good to high enantioselectivity. This reaction demonstrates a valuable method for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids containing an aromatic substituent.
Experimental investigation in rats to identify the cause of sudden death during bathing in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Masaru , Hori Shingo 
Published: March 2014

AimApproximately 14,000 cases of sudden death during bathing are reported annually in Japan. The cause of the deaths is still unclear. Because Japanese‐style bathing is characterized by whole‐body bathing in high temperature water (41–45°C), we hypothesized that heat exposure causes sudden death as a result of hyperthermia.MethodsThe aim was to clarify the relationship between heat exposure and mortality in an animal experiment. In the experiment, 44 male Wistar rats weighing 180–255 g were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, and their body temperature was measured with a thermometer inserted into the esophagus. The animals were immersed up to their shoulder in 40–45°C water until respiratory arrest occurred or until they awoke from the anesthesia.ResultsAll animals immersed in water heated to ≥41°C died, whereas all animals immersed in 40°C water awakened from the anesthetic. The mean interval between the start of immersion and respiratory arrest in 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, and 45°C water was 105 min, 54 min, 34 min, 27 min, and 22 min, respectively. Regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between the interval and water temperature (r2 = 0.96, P < 0.01), and a Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that water temperature was a significant predictor (adjusted odds ratio, 23.9; 95% confidence interval, 7.4–77.2). The body temperature of the animals that died during hot water immersion was above 41°C (median, 42.9°C).ConclusionsWater temperature was correlated with the interval between the start of immersion and respiratory arrest. The results suggest that hyperthermia contributes to the cause of sudden death during hot water bathing.
Usefulness of initial diagnostic tests carried out in the emergency department for blunt trauma
Authors: Ikegami Yukihiro , Suzuki Tsuyoshi , Nemoto Chiaki , Tsukada Yasuhiko , Tase Choichiro 
Published: March 2014

AimTo evaluate the usefulness of the initial diagnostic tests carried out in blunt trauma patients in our emergency department.MethodsBlunt trauma patients admitted between October 2009 and October 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. A scoring system was developed (0 to 28 points) to differentiate between potential major trauma patients and physiologically stable patients. Patients were classified into three groups: Group I (minor trauma), revised trauma score normal and our score 0–14; Group II (potential major trauma), revised trauma score normal and our score 15–28; Group III (major trauma), revised trauma score low. The proportions of patients with positive initial diagnostic test results (blood tests, X‐rays, and computed tomography) were determined in each group.ResultsThe study included 1,291 patients (Group I, 1,019; Group II, 85; Group III, 187). Blood tests and X‐rays were carried out frequently in all groups, but positive results were infrequent in Group I. Comparisons using Pearson's χ2‐test showed significant differences in the proportions of patients with positive blood test, X‐ray, and computed tomography results among the three groups. The proportions of patients with positive blood test and chest X‐ray results were significantly lower in Group II than in Group III, but there were no significant differences in the proportions of patients with other positive results between these two groups.ConclusionsIn physiologically stable blunt trauma patients, diagnostic tests should be selected only after careful patient evaluation. To achieve this, standardized criteria for the identification of minor trauma patients should be established.
Characteristics and costs of ditch‐related injuries: a report from a single emergency center in Okayama
Authors: Nosaka Nobuyuki , Fujita Yuki , Morisada Sunao , Ugawa Toyomu , Ujike Yoshihito 
Published: March 2014

AimThis study was designed to identify the incidence, injury patterns, and financial burden of ditch‐related injuries to provide a reference for establishing guidelines on the prevention of such injuries.MethodsA retrospective chart review in a tertiary care hospital in Okayama city, Japan, focused on patients injured following a ditch‐related fall and requiring intensive care between April 2012 and August 2013. Analysis was carried out to describe the epidemiology of ditch‐related injuries.ResultsThirteen patients (median age, 60 years) met the inclusion criteria. The median time lag between the fall and rescue was approximately 1.5 h. Ten patients were injured in residential areas, and three were injured in rural areas. Eight patients were riding a bicycle at the time of the accident. Head and spine injuries predominated, although there were two cases of drowning, of which one died. The injury severity score ranged from 1 to 50 (mean, 17.8 ± 13). At the time of discharge from the intensive care unit, 6, 4, and 1 patients were classified into cerebral performance categories 1, 3, and 4, respectively. There were two in‐hospital deaths, resulting in a case fatality rate of 15.3%. The total cost during the review period was ¥27,572,630, with a mean cost of ¥2,120,971 per patient.ConclusionDitch‐related injuries are associated with a high rate of poor neurological outcome and pose a financial burden on the health insurance system. Injury prevention efforts directed at decreasing the risk of ditch‐related falls are required to minimize these outcomes.
Cyclisierung von Goldacetyliden: Synthese von Vinylsulfonaten über Vinylidengold‐Komplexe
Authors: Bucher Janina , Wurm Thomas , Nalivela Kumara Swamy , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVerschieden substituierte terminale Alkine mit Sulfonat‐Abgangsgruppen in passender Entfernung wurden in Gegenwart von Propinylgold(I)‐Präkatalysatoren umgesetzt. Nach der Bildung eines Goldacetylids findet eine Cyclisierung über das β‐Kohlenstoffatom des Goldacetylids statt. Der Mechanismus dürfte ähnlich zu dem der dualen Goldkatalyse sein, aber im Fall der neuen Substrate wird nur ein Goldzentrum für die Aktivierung des Substrates benötigt. Nach Bildung eines Vinylidengold‐Komplexes, der ein enges Kontaktionenpaar mit der Sulfonat‐Abgangsgruppe bildet, liefert eine Rekombination der beiden Teile Vinylsulfonate, die wertvolle Zielverbindungen sind und z. B. als Vorstufen in Kreuzkupplungen fungieren können.
Enantioselective NH Insertion Reaction of α‐Aryl α‐Diazoketones: An Efficient Route to Chiral α‐Aminoketones
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zuo Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Zhi‐Chao , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA highly enantioselective NH insertion reaction of α‐diazoketones was developed by using cooperative catalysis by dirhodium(II) carboxylates and chiral spiro phosphoric acids. The insertion reaction provides a new access route to diverse chiral α‐aminoketones, which are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis, with fast reaction rates, good yields and high enantioselectivity under mild and neutral conditions.
Cytoskeletal Actin Dynamics are Involved in Pitch‐Dependent Neurite Outgrowth on Bead Monolayers
Authors: Kang Kyungtae , Yoon Seo Young , Choi Sung‐Eun , Kim Mi‐Hee , Park Matthew , Nam Yoonkey , Lee Jin Seok , Choi Insung S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNeurite outgrowth is an important preceding step for the development of nerve systems. Given that the in vivo environments of neurons consist of numerous hierarchical micro/nanotopographies, there have been many efforts to investigate the relationship between neuronal behaviors and surface topography. The acceleration of neurite outgrowth was recently reported on surfaces with a periodic nanotopography, but the biological mechanism has not yet been elucidated. In this work, the initial neurite development of hippocampal neurons on assembled silica beads with diameters ranging from 700 to 1800 nm was explored. The acceleration of neurite outgrowth increased with the surface‐pitch size and leveled off after a pitch of 1 μm. Biochemical analysis indicated that cytoskeletal actin dynamics were primarily responsible for the recognition of surface topography. This work contributes to the emerging research field of topographical neurochemistry, as well as applied fields including neuroregeneration and neuroprosthetics.
Superior Rechargeability and Efficiency of Lithium–Oxygen Batteries: Hierarchical Air Electrode Architecture Combined with a Soluble Catalyst
Authors: Lim Hee‐Dae , Song Hyelynn , Kim Jinsoo , Gwon Hyeokjo , Bae Youngjoon , Park Kyu‐Young , Hong Jihyun , Kim Haegyeom , Kim Taewoo , Kim Yong Hyup , Lepró Xavier , Ovalle‐Robles Raquel , Baughman Ray H. , Kang Kisuk 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe lithium–oxygen battery has the potential to deliver extremely high energy densities; however, the practical use of Li‐O2 batteries has been restricted because of their poor cyclability and low energy efficiency. In this work, we report a novel Li‐O2 battery with high reversibility and good energy efficiency using a soluble catalyst combined with a hierarchical nanoporous air electrode. Through the porous three‐dimensional network of the air electrode, not only lithium ions and oxygen but also soluble catalysts can be rapidly transported, enabling ultra‐efficient electrode reactions and significantly enhanced catalytic activity. The novel Li‐O2 battery, combining an ideal air electrode and a soluble catalyst, can deliver a high reversible capacity (1000 mAh g−1) up to 900 cycles with reduced polarization (about 0.25 V).