bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of the forming process of virgin HfO2 memory cells by capacitance–voltage measurements
Authors: Khaldi O. , Jomni F. , Gonon P. , Vallée C. , Mannequin C. , Yangui B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this Letter, we evaluate the so‐called forming process of virgin HfO2 cells under ac and dc stress by capacitance–voltage measurements. It is found that the ac nonlinearity is higher than the dc one. This is related to the dispersive nature of hopping conduction according to the electrode polarization model. Under short stress times, both capacitance and current are unaffected. However, after longer stress times, no recovery is observed. Consequently, the current increases and a plateau appears in the capacitance. The observed degradation is consistent with the RRAMs‐forming process. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diagnosing the vertical structure of the eddy diffusivity in real and idealized atmospheres
Authors: Jansen Malte , Ferrari Raffaele 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Earth's extratropical troposphere is equilibrated by turbulent eddy fluxes of potential temperature and momentum. The equilibrated state has the remarkable characteristic that isentropic slopes leaving the surface in the subtropics reach the tropopause near the Poles. It has been speculated that turbulent eddy fluxes maintain this state for a wide range of radiative forcing and planetary parameters. In a previous study, the authors showed that this state needs to be associated with an eddy diffusivity of Ertel potential vorticity that is largest at the surface and decays through the troposphere to approximately zero at the tropopause. This result is confirmed in this study using atmospheric reanalysis and idealized numerical simulations. However, it is also shown that the vertical profile of the eddy diffusivity can change, resulting in different isentropic slopes and climates. This is illustrated with a series of idealized numerical simulations with varying planetary scales and rotation rates.
Model‐based mutation testing from security protocols in HLPSL
Authors: Dadeau Frédéric , Héam Pierre‐Cyrille , Kheddam Rafik , Maatoug Ghazi , Rusinowitch Michael 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIn recent years, important efforts have been made for offering a dedicated language for modelling and verifying security protocols. Outcome of the European project AVISPA, the high‐level security protocol language (HLPSL) aims at providing a means for verifying usual security properties (such as data secrecy) in message exchanges between agents. However, verifying the security protocol model does not guarantee that the actual implementation of the protocol will fulfil these properties. This article presents a model‐based testing approach, relying on the mutation of HLPSL models to generate abstract test cases. The proposed mutations aim at introducing leaks in the security protocols and represent real‐world implementation errors. The mutated models are then analysed by the automated validation of Internet security protocols and applications tool set, which produces, when the mutant protocol is declared unsafe, counterexample traces exploiting the security flaws and, thus, providing test cases. A dedicated framework is then used to concretize the abstract attack traces, bridging the gap between the formal model level and the implementation level. This model‐based testing technique has been experimented on a wide range of security protocols, in order to evaluate the mutation operators. This process has also been fully tool‐supported, from the mutation of the HLPSL model to the concretization of the abstract test cases into test scripts. It has been applied to a realistic case study of the Paypal payment protocol, which made it possible to discover a vulnerability in an implementation of an e‐commerce framework. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic connections within the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are critical to the elaboration of post‐ictal antinociception
Authors: Mazzei‐Silva Elaine Cristina , de Oliveira Rithiele Cristina , Garcia Tayllon Dos Anjos , Falconi‐Sobrinho Luiz Luciano , Almada Rafael Carvalho , Coimbra Norberto Cysne 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the intrinsic connections of a key‐structure of the endogenous pain inhibitory system, the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTN), in post‐ictal antinociceptive process through synaptic inactivation of the PPTN with cobalt chloride. Male Wistar rats (n = 6 or 7 per group), weighing 250–280 g, had the tail‐flick baseline recorded and were submitted to a stereotaxic surgery for the introduction of a guide‐cannula aiming at the PPTN. After 5 days of postoperative recovery, cobalt chloride (1 mM/0.2 µL) or physiological saline (0.2 µL) were microinjected into the PPTN and after 5 min, the tail‐withdrawal latency was measured again at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 min after seizures evoked by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazole (64 mg/kg). The synaptic inactivation of PPTN decreased the post‐ictal antinociceptive phenomenon, suggesting the involvement of PPTN intrinsic connections in the modulation of pain, during tonic‐clonic seizures. These results showed that the PPTN may be crucially involved in the neural network that organizes the post‐ictal analgesia. Synapse 68:369–377, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High Pre‐Operative Urinary Norepinephrine is an Independent Determinant of Peri‐Operative Hemodynamic Instability in Unilateral Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma Removal
Authors: Chang Rita Y. K. , Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Wong Kai Pun , Lo Chung‐Yau 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundPeri‐operative hemodynamic instability (HDI) may increase peri‐operative morbidity in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) patients.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine which tumor‐related risk factors could lead to peri‐operative HDI in unilateral or single PPGL removal.MethodsBefore surgery, 66 PPGL patients had at least two sets of 24 h urine collected for fractionated catecholamine analysis. At surgery, an arterial line was inserted to record systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic BP, and mean arterial BP (MAP). Peri‐operative HDI was defined as hypertension (SBP > 160 mmHg) and/or hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg and/or MAP < 60 mmHg) for >10 consecutive minutes either intra‐operatively or within the first 12 h after surgery. Urinary fractionated catecholamines and other variables were compared between those with peri‐operative HDI (group I) and those without (group II).ResultsA total of 15 (22.7 %) patients belonged to group I, while 51 patients belonged to group II. One (1.5 %) patient died 9 days after surgery. Relative to group II, group I had significantly higher urinary norepinephrine (NE) (5,488.0 vs. 1,980.0 nmol/L, p < 0.001), urinary normetanephrine (5,130.9 vs. 3,853.4 nmol/L, p = 0.045), maximum SBP at operation (188.2 vs. 167.4 mmHg, p = 0.037), but lower MAP after operation (78.9 vs. 91.8 mmHg, p = 0.026). Urinary NE (OD 1.02, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.03, p = 0.046) was an independent risk factor for peri‐operative HDI. The urinary NE level significantly correlated with maximum intra‐operative SBP and MAP (r 0.692, p < 0.001; and r 0.669, p < 0.001, respectively) and inversely correlated with maximum post‐operative MAP (r −0.305, p = 0.040).ConclusionsHigh pre‐operative urinary NE was an independent tumor‐related factor for peri‐operative HDI and significantly correlated with sustained intra‐operative hypertension and post‐operative hypotension.
Top‐Down, Bottom‐Up, and Around the Jungle Gym: A Social Exchange and Networks Approach to Engaging Afterschool Programs in Implementing Evidence‐Based Practices
Authors: Smith Emilie Phillips , Wise Eileen , Rosen Howard , Rosen Alison , Childs Sharon , McManus Margaret 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper uses concepts from social networks and social exchange theories to describe the implementation of evidence‐based practices in afterschool programs. The members of the LEGACY Together Afterschool Project team have been involved in conducting collaborative research to migrate a behavioral strategy that has been documented to reduce disruptive behaviors in classroom settings to a new setting—that of afterschool programs. We adapted the Paxis Institute's version of the Good Behavior Game to afterschool settings which differ from in‐school settings, including more fluid attendance, multiple age groupings, diverse activities that may take place simultaneously, and differences in staff training and experience (Barrish et al. in J Appl Behav Anal 2(2):119–124, 1969; Embry et al. in The Pax Good Behavior Game. Hazelden, Center City, 2003; Hynes et al. in J Child Serv 4(3):4–20, 2009; Kellam et al. in Drug Alcohol Depend 95:S5–S28, 2008; Tingstrom et al. in Behav Modif 30(2):225–253, 2006). This paper presents the experiences of the three adult groups involved in the implementation process who give first‐person accounts of implementation: (1) university‐based scientist‐practitioners, (2) community partners who trained and provided technical assistance/coaching, and (3) an afterschool program administrator. We introduce here the AIMS model used to frame the implementation process conceptualized by this town–gown collaborative team. AIMS builds upon previous work in implementation science using four phases in which the three collaborators have overlapping roles: approach/engagement, implementation, monitoring, and sustainability. Within all four phases principles of Social Exchange Theory and Social Network Theory are highlighted.
Home Front: Post-Deployment Mental Health and Divorces
Authors: Negrusa Brighita , Negrusa Sebastian 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Since 2003, about 14 % of U.S. Army soldiers have reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following deployments. In this article, we examine how post-deployment symptoms of PTSD and of other mental health conditions are related to the probability of divorce among married active-duty U.S. Army soldiers. For this purpose, we combine Army administrative individual-level longitudinal data on soldiers’ deployments, marital history, and sociodemographic characteristics with their self-reported post-deployment health information. Our estimates indicate that time spent in deployment increases the divorce risk among Army enlisted personnel and that PTSD symptoms are associated with further increases in the odds of divorce. Although officers are generally less likely to screen positive for PTSD than enlisted personnel, we find a stronger relationship between PTSD symptoms and divorces among Army officers who are PTSD-symptomatic than among enlisted personnel. We estimate a larger impact of deployments on the divorce risk among female soldiers, but we do not find a differential impact of PTSD symptoms by gender. Also, we find that most of the effect of PTSD symptoms occurs early in the career of soldiers who deploy multiple times.
Effect of surface roughness on sliding friction of micron-sized glass beads
Authors: Meyer Jan , Fuchs Regina , Staedler Thorsten , Jiang Xin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In order to understand the contact phenomena of micron-sized particles, which have a tremendous impact on a variety of applications in industry and technology, direct access to the loads as well as the displacements accompanying such contacts are mandatory. Typical particle ensembles show a size variation ranging from the nanometer to the tenths of micron scale. Especially the contact behavior of particles featuring radii of several up to several tenths of microns is scarcely studied as these particles are typically too large for atomic force microscopy (AFM) based approaches and too small for conventional macroscopic testing setups. In this work a nanoindenter based approach is introduced to gain insight into the contact mechanics of micron-sized glass beads sliding on rough silicon surfaces at various constant low normal loads. The results are analyzed by a simple modified Coulomb friction law, as well as Hertz, JKR, and DMT contact theory.
When sex hurts: Female genital pain with sexual consequences deserves attention: A position paper
Authors: Thomtén Johanna , Linton Steven J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background and aims
The problem of sexual pain is an area that has been shamefully ignored by both the pain community and the health service authorities. Although about 40% of women report such pain and 30% report it during their last intercourse, sexual pain has historically not even been considered a pain problem. The objectives of the present study was to present a background to the problem of female sexual pain, further elaborate on the problem and offer some direction for how advances might be concretely made.

Discussion
Genital pain is common and many women describe pain during several non-sexual activities. Therefore describing the pain strictly as a sexual problem, threatens to lose important information about the experience of pain which will be misleading both in assessment and treatment. Instead, seeing the problem as a multidimensional pain condition with debilitating sexual consequences is suggested. It has become apparent that although biological aspects are central in the experience of genital pain, psychological and social aspects may play a major role.
The fear avoidance model which has played a major role in our understanding of the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain, also seems to be applicable in genital pain conditions. However, one has to be aware of certain differences when comparing genital pain from musculoskeletal conditions. In addition, there is a lack of established guidelines for assessing or treating unexplained genital pain conditions, and there is a risk of not acknowledging the role of socio-cultural context on how female sexuality is viewed. The problem of recurrent sexual pain is a highly volatile, personal, and socially weighted experience. Because of the lack of understanding of the mechanisms, it is a risk of over-emphasizing the role of vaginal penetration in the assessment and treatment of female sexual pain and clinicians may simply fail to investigate sexual function from a broader perspective.

Conclusions and implications
There is a growing interest in the problem of female genital pain and associated problems with sexual pain. However, research predominately refers to the field of sex research, and the involvement from the pain community has to date been relatively low. There is an immediate need to identify the psychosocial mechanisms involved in the transition from acute to chronic genital pain in women and to address these components in treatment using established methods. Since sexual pain is far more than pain during vaginal penetration, there is a risk of treatment interventions being oriented towards performance in terms of a narrowly defined sexual behavior instead of focusing on valued activities, meaning and pleasure for the individual. Assessment and treatment have to include a broad perspective on pain and on sex.
Dietary vitamin D2 – a potentially underestimated contributor to vitamin D nutritional status of adults?
Authors: Cashman Kevin D. , Kinsella Michael , McNulty Breige A. , Walton Janette , Gibney Michael J. , Flynn Albert , Kiely Mairead 
Published: April 2014

It has been suggested that vitamin D2 is not very prevalent in the human food chain. However, data from a number of recent intervention studies suggest that the majority of subjects had measurable serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (25(OH)D2) concentrations. Serum 25(OH)D2, unlike 25(OH)D3, is not directly influenced by exposure of skin to sun and thus has dietary origins; however, quantifying dietary vitamin D2 is difficult due to the limitations of food composition data. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterise serum 25(OH)D2 concentrations in the participants of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) in Ireland, and to use these serum concentrations to estimate the intake of vitamin D2 using a mathematical modelling approach. Serum 25(OH)D2 concentration was measured by a liquid chromatography–tandem MS method, and information on diet as well as subject characteristics was obtained from the NANS. Of these participants, 78·7 % (n 884) had serum 25(OH)D2 concentrations above the limit of quantification, and the mean, maximum, 10th, 50th (median) and 90th percentile values of serum 25(OH)D2 concentrations were 3·69, 27·6, 1·71, 2·96 and 6·36 nmol/l, respectively. To approximate the intake of vitamin D2 from these serum 25(OH)D2 concentrations, we used recently published data on the relationship between vitamin D intake and the responses of serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The projected 5th to 95th percentile intakes of vitamin D2 for adults were in the range of 0·9–1·2 and 5–6 μg/d, respectively, and the median intake ranged from 1·7 to 2·3 μg/d. In conclusion, the present data demonstrate that 25(OH)D2 concentrations are present in the sera of adults from this nationally representative sample. Vitamin D2 may have an impact on nutritional adequacy at a population level and thus warrants further investigation.
LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols and stanols across different dose ranges: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled studies
Authors: Ras Rouyanne T. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Trautwein Elke A. 
Published: April 2014

Phytosterols (PS, comprising plant sterols and plant stanols) have been proven to lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations. The dose–response relationship for this effect has been evaluated in several meta-analyses by calculating averages for different dose ranges or by applying continuous dose–response functions. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages. So far, the calculation of averages for different dose ranges has not been done for plant sterols and stanols separately. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to investigate the combined and separate effects of plant sterols and stanols when classified into different dose ranges. Studies were searched and selected based on predefined criteria. Relevant data were extracted. Average LDL-cholesterol effects were calculated when studies were categorised by dose, according to random-effects models while using the variance as weighing factor. This was done for plant sterols and stanols combined and separately. In total, 124 studies (201 strata) were included. Plant sterols and stanols were administered in 129 and fifty-nine strata, respectively; the remaining used a mix of both. The average PS dose was 2·1 (range 0·2–9·0) g/d. PS intakes of 0·6–3·3 g/d were found to gradually reduce LDL-cholesterol concentrations by, on average, 6–12 %. When plant sterols and stanols were analysed separately, clear and comparable dose–response relationships were observed. Studies carried out with PS doses exceeding 4 g/d were not pooled, as these were scarce and scattered across a wide range of doses. In conclusion, the LDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of both plant sterols and stanols continues to increase up to intakes of approximately 3 g/d to an average effect of 12 %.
Local Gambling Preferences and Corporate Innovative Success
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Podolski Edward J. , Rhee S. Ghon , Veeraraghavan Madhu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the role of local attitudes toward gambling on corporate innovative activity. Using a county’s Catholics-to-Protestants ratio as a proxy for local gambling preferences, we find that firms located in gambling-prone areas tend to undertake riskier projects, spend more on innovation, and experience greater innovative output. We contrast the local gambling effect with chief executive officer (CEO) overconfidence, another behavioral effect reported to influence innovation. We find that local gambling preferences are a stronger determinant of innovative activity, with CEO overconfidence being more relevant to innovation in areas where gambling attitudes are strong.
Does host immunity influence helminth egg hatchability in the environment?
Authors: Lambert K.A. , Pathak A.K. , Cattadori I.M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTransmission success for helminths with free-living stages depends on the ability of eggs and larvae to develop and survive once in the environment. While environmental conditions are often suggested to influence egg phenology and hatching rate, immunity against parasite eggs might also play a role. We examined this hypothesis using the gastrointestinal helminthsTrichostrongylus retortaeformisandGraphidium strigosum, two common infections of the European rabbit. Changes in egg hatching rate and volume were examined in relation to specific antibodies in the serum and bound to eggshells, using eggs shed in host faeces over a 15-week period. Hatching rate was consistently higher forT. retortaeformisthanG. strigosumand no changes were observed between weeks. Egg volume increased forG. strigosumbut decreased forT. retortaeformis. We did find evidence of egg-specific antibody responses and fewer antibodies were bound to eggs ofT. retortaeformiscompared toG. strigosum. Little to no association was found between antibodies and hatchability, or volume, for both helminths. We suggest that host antibodies play a relatively minor role in the egg hatching rate of these gastrointestinal helminths.
Experimental anisakid infections in mice
Authors: Vericimo M.A. , Figueiredo I. , Teixeira G.A.P.B. , Clemente S.C. São 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAnisakidosis is a human parasitic disease caused by infections with members of the Anisakidae family. Accidental infection after fish intake affects the gastrointestinal tract as a consequence of mechanical damage caused by migrating larvae. Infections can also trigger allergies, hives, severe asthma or anaphylaxis with angioedema. Although mouse models of intraperitoneal antigenic stimulation exist, enabling immunological studies, few models using gastric introduction of live larvae are available for the study of immunological and gastrointestinal damage in mice. This study was designed to characterize serum reactivity againstAnisakisspp. andContracaecumspp. in Balb/c mice following orogastric inoculation and to assess gastrointestinal damage. These anisakid species were classified at the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) School of Veterinary Medicine and materials for live larval inoculation were developed at the UFF Immunobiology laboratory. Live larvae were inoculated following injection with a NaCl solution. Blood samples were collected and sera screened for immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG anti-larva responses to both nematodes, specific for somatic and excretory/secretory antigens, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The means of the optical densities were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post-hoc test and the general linear model. This analysis identified the presence of anti-IgG seroreactivity to both somatic and excretory/secretoryAnisakisantigens in inoculated animals compared with controls (P< 0.001), and no gastric or intestinal damage was observed. These experiments demonstrated that introduction of liveContracaecumspp. into the gastrointestinal tract did not elicit serum sensitization in animals.
The Limits of Judicial Independence: A Model with Illustration from Venezuela under Chávez
Authors: TAYLOR MATTHEW M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a heuristic model of judicial independence that illustrates how it is that changes in de facto judicial independence may occur, even in the absence of overt institutional changes in de jure protections. The model is illustrated by the marked decline in the independence of Venezuela's high court between 1998 and 2010, under President Hugo Chávez. Focusing on the trade-off that courts face between jurisprudential change and policy change, the paper demonstrates how courts – even those that closely mirror the executive branch's policy preferences – may enter into conflict with dominant executives, and find their judicial independence restricted by informal means.