bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dimensional accuracy and material properties of the MakerBot 3D desktop printer
Authors: Melenka Garrett W. , Schofield Jonathon S. , Dawson Michael R. , Carey Jason P. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to evaluate the material properties and dimensional accuracy of a MakerBot Replicator 2 desktop 3D printer.

Design/methodology/approach
– A design of experiments (DOE) test protocol was applied to determine the effect of the following variables on the material properties of 3D printed part: layer height, per cent infill and print orientation using a MakerBot Replicator 2 printer. Classical laminate plate theory was used to compare results from the DOE experiments with theoretically predicted elastic moduli for the tensile samples. Dimensional accuracy of test samples was also investigated.

Findings
– DOE results suggest that per cent infill has a significant effect on the longitudinal elastic modulus and ultimate strength of the test specimens, whereas print orientation and layer thickness fail to achieve significance. Dimensional analysis of test specimens shows that the test specimen varied significantly (p
<
0.05) from the nominal print dimensions.

Practical implications
– Although desktop 3D printers are an attractive manufacturing option to quickly produce functional components, this study suggests that users must be aware of this manufacturing process’ inherent limitations, especially for components requiring high geometric tolerance or specific material properties. Therefore, higher quality 3D printers and more detailed investigation into the MakerBot MakerWare printing settings are recommended if consistent material properties or geometries are required.

Originality/value
– Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a rapidly expanding manufacturing method. Initially, 3D printing was used for prototyping, but now this method is being used to create functional final products. In recent years, desktop 3D printers have become commercially available to academics and hobbyists as a means of rapid component manufacturing. Although these desktop printers are able to facilitate reduced manufacturing times, material costs and labor costs, relatively little literature exists to quantify the physical properties of the printed material as well as the dimensional consistency of the printing processes.
+TUO project: low cost 3D printers as helpful tool for small communities with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Ostuzzi Francesca , Rognoli Valentina , Saldien Jelle , Levi Marinella 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present a pilot study’s aims to identify opportunities and limits deriving from the use of low-cost 3D printing (3DP), fused deposition modelling (FDM), open-source technologies in co-design and co-production processes involving persons with rheumatic diseases (RDs).

Design/methodology/approach
– In the paper, the authors outline why the use of low-cost, entry-level FDM can be meaningful for this scenario, implying a complete sharing of the design and the production phases of small assistive devices. The +TUO process is composed of several stages, among which the generative session represents the core.

Findings
– This study highlights as the introduction of this low-cost technology in co-generative processes with people with RDs is a real challenge that can lead to new products and solutions, and that can sustain a social and local manufacturing approach for people facing a specific disablement.

Research limitations/implications
– This research is a first step of a broader research, new researches are going to explore further details related with the technology and of the adopted method.

Practical implications
– Involving actively, the end user during the creation process can bring advantages such as meeting more precisely their needs and create innovative products, as shown in the text.

Social implications
– For people living with RDs, an occupation is important to sustain a process of empowerment. Adopting assistive devices supports daily activities and facilitates the occupation.

Originality/value
– +TUO is a pilot study that explore a topic already discussed in the scientific arena, without focusing on the specific use of low-cost 3DP technologies.
An assessment of implementation of entry-level 3D printers from the perspective of small businesses
Authors: Conner Brett P. , Manogharan Guha P. , Meyers Kerry L. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the implementation of entry-level printers in small businesses and education to identify corresponding benefits, implications and challenges.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected from four small businesses in northeast Ohio through survey- and interview-based feedback to develop an understanding of their use of entry-level 3D printing. Three businesses are representative of typical manufacturing-related small companies (final part fabrication-, tooling- and system-level suppliers) and the fourth company provides manufacturing-related educational tools. Corresponding learning from implementation and outcomes are assessed.

Findings
– Adoption of 3D printing technology was enabled through hands-on experience with entry-level 3D printers, even with their shortcomings. Entry-level 3D printing provided a workforce development opportunity to prepare small businesses to eventually work with production grade systems.

Originality/value
– This paper details industry-based findings on venturing into commercializing 3D printing through first-hand experiences enabled by entry-level 3D printing.
Entanglements of Periphery and Informality in Mexico City
Authors: Gilbert Liette , De Jong Feike 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMexico City is a well‐known case of urban expansion. Most of the growth has been in its peripheries, occurring during two phases of housing privatization: a predominantly self‐built urbanization by residents establishing irregular settlements (starting in the 1930s); and a relatively recent surge of mass‐produced small‐scale single‐family housing built by state‐sponsored development companies (underway since the year 2000). Informality, we argue, should not be understood as a mode of housing production setting in opposition self‐build practices against industry‐led and/or state‐sponsored processes, but rather as a dialectical urbanization logic shaped by the entanglements of in/formal processes in governance practices, land privatization and regularization, and urban infrastructure and services deficits. We are particularly interested in a dominant narrative whereby the embeddedness of informality is constantly underplayed and irregular settlements are cast as a residual category, a problem to tolerate or in need of intervention, or the inevitable combination of demographic growth and housing shortage, rather than the direct outcome of urban policies and development processes. Conversely, recent housing policy in Mexico is officially narrated as an economic stimulus, a means to control and order (irregular) urban expansion, and an impulse to democratize homeownership. Our discussion of the entanglements of informality in Mexico City is based on an extended literature review of academic articles and official reports (predominantly in English), supplemented by a series of street and neighborhood explorations (in the summers of 2012 and 2013) across the metropolis.
Motor development in children prenatally exposed to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a large population‐based pregnancy cohort study
Authors: Handal M , Skurtveit S , Furu K , Hernandez‐Diaz S , Skovlund E , Nystad W , Selmer R 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo estimate the association between prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and motor development in children considering the effect of maternal symptoms of anxiety and depression before, during and after pregnancy.DesignPopulation‐based prospective pregnancy cohort study.SettingThe Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study (MoBa) (1999–2008).PopulationA total of 51 404 singleton pregnancies.MethodsSelf‐reported use of SSRIs was collected for the 6 months before pregnancy and prospectively during pregnancy. We used ordinal logistic regression as the statistical analysis.Main outcome measuresMotor development was assessed by maternal reports of fine and gross motor development at child age 3 years by items from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). The maternal ASQ scores were compared with data from a MoBa sub‐study where clinicians assessed motor development with the Gross and Fine Motor Mullen scales of early learning.ResultsIn all 381 women (0.7%) reported use of SSRIs during pregnancy, of these 159 reported on at least two questionnaires (prolonged use). Prolonged SSRI exposure was associated with a delay in fine motor development, odds ratio 1.42 (95% CI 1.07–1.87) compared with no SSRI exposure, after adjusting for symptoms of anxiety and depression before and during pregnancy. Severity of maternal depression seemed to explain the association only partially. Stratifying on depression after pregnancy had no impact on the estimated effect of SSRIs.ConclusionsProlonged prenatal exposure to SSRIs was weakly associated with a delayed motor development at age 3 years, but not to the extent that the delay was of clinical importance.Tweetable abstractLong‐term prenatal SSRI exposure is weakly associated with delayed motor development independent of depression.
Assessing the damage control resuscitation: Development, drivers and direction
Authors: Quinn David , Frith Daniel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDamage control resuscitation (DCR) has become a more widely adopted acute management strategy over the past decade. A cornerstone of this strategy is the performance of an initial limited surgical intervention for the control of active bleeding and contamination. This technique is indicated where significant physiological compromise exists and immediate surgical intervention is required. This damage control surgery itself is completed judiciously to allow a period of resuscitative stabilisation before later definitive surgical solutions. This discussion describes the three further principles of DCR and then explores the rationale and drivers behind the development of this approach.
Review article: Quality of follow‐up care for anaphylaxis in the emergency department
Authors: Burnell Fiona J , Keijzers Gerben , Smith Pete 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe prevalence of allergic disorders is rising, with a corresponding increase in patients presenting to an ED with anaphylaxis. Appropriate follow up is required for patients with anaphylaxis. We reviewed two potential performance indicators for the quality of post‐discharge care: (i) the rate of self‐injectable adrenaline prescription; and (ii) the referral rate for follow‐up care with allergy specialists. A search of Cochrane Library, PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the following initial search string: anaphylaxis and ‘emergency department’. We considered any (interventional or observational design) study assessing post‐discharge care in anaphylaxis, measured by either adrenaline self‐injection prescription or allergist referral. Subjects were patients with (suspected) anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction, with no age limit. This review summarises findings from 16 relevant papers, all retrospective analyses of post‐discharge care for anaphylaxis. Weighted arithmetic means were calculated for rates of prescription of adrenaline auto‐injector and referral to an allergist following admission to an ED in patients with (suspected) anaphylaxis or severe allergic reaction. Prescription rates for self‐injected adrenaline at the time of discharge following anaphylaxis varied from 0% to 68%, with a mean of 44%. Allergist referral rates ranged from 0% to 84%, with a mean of 33%. This review demonstrates that there is room for improvement in post‐discharge care for patients who present to the ED with an anaphylactic reaction.
Probiotic Bacillus spp. in Soy‐Curd: Nutritional, Rheological, Sensory, and Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Shobharani P. , Prakash Maya , Halami Prakash M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe focus of this study was to coculture probiotic Bacillus spp. with dairy starter cultures namely, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus for enhanced nutritional properties of soy‐curd. Subsequently, rheological, sensory, and antioxidant properties of soy‐curd along with mineral as well as fatty acid composition were analyzed. Data revealed an increase in the cell viability of probiotic Bacillus spp. on coculturing rather than as mono‐culture. Proximate analysis showed higher nutritional value along with increased trace elements. UFA/SFA ratio, rheology, and sensory properties of probiotic soy‐curd were in the acceptable range. Probiotic soy‐curd showed higher antioxidant activity as measured by the ability to scavenge free radicals. No significant difference in the overall quality within the probiotic products was observed. However, B. flexus MCC2427 cocultured product displayed slightly better attributes than other samples. In general, the results suggest that soy‐curd can be a suitable carrier for probiotic Bacillus spp. and the enhanced nutritional and antioxidant properties could be of additional advantage to combat malnutrition problem.
Clinical outcomes of esophageal stents in patients with malignant esophageal obstruction according to palliative additional treatment
Authors: Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Sang Gyun , Lim Joo Hyun , Im Jong Pil , Kim Joo Sung , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of esophageal self‐expanding metal stents (SEMS) insertion for malignant esophageal obstruction (MEO) in patients with or without additional palliative treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the patients with SEMS for MEO. Baseline characteristics, changes in Mellow–Pinkas dysphagia score, and adverse events were collected and compared according to the presence and absence of additional palliative treatment.ResultsAltogether 192 patients underwent 236 SEMS insertion procedures. Esophageal, gastric cardiac and lung cancers were seen in 46.4%, 33.3% and 15.1% of the patients, respectively. Their Mellow–Pinkas score significantly decreased within one week and one month after the SEMS insertion (1.66 ± 0.79 and 1.71  ±  0.87 vs 3.09  ±  0.79, respectively, P =  0.000). Complications occurred in 54 (22.9%) of 236 SEMS insertion; there were 28 (11.9%) stent obstruction, 5 (2.1%) perforation (2.1%), 10 (4.2%) stent migration, 5 (2.1%) tracheoesophageal fistula, but no procedure‐related death. Most complications were managed by inserting additional SEMS. The risk of stent obstruction was significantly higher in uncovered stents than in covered SEMS (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.39–9.12, P = 0.006). Mean duration to the development of complications was 74.8 ± 111.1 days. Overall survival (169.0 ± 127.8 days vs 96.4 ± 90.6 days, P = 0.000) and stent patency (143.3 ± 123.9 days vs 67.6 ± 71.3 days, P = 0.000) were significantly favorable in patients with SEMS and additional palliative treatments compared with those with SEMS alone.ConclusionSEMS insertion is effective and safe for treating MEO, and additional palliative treatment might lengthen stent patency by prolonging the patient's survival.
Geochemical Characteristics of Volcanic Rocks from ODP Site 794, Yamato Basin: Implications for Deep Mantle Processes of the Japan Sea
Authors: Shuangshuang CHEN , Jiaqi LIU , Zhengfu GUO , Shengsheng CHEN , Chunqing SUN 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDeep mantle processes and the dynamic mechanism of magmatism in the Japan Sea Basin are important processes that have not been studied in detail. In this paper, systematic evaluation of basalt samples from the ocean drilling program Site 794 in the Japan Sea was performed, which included petrography, whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analysis, Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic composition, and electron microprobe analysis of plagioclase and clinopyroxene. These basalts belong to the tholeiitic series with porphyritic texture and massive Ca‐rich plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine phenocrysts. The basalts are characterized as flat rare earth elements and high‐field‐strength elements with remarkably low ratios of (La/Yb)N (0.75–2.51), significant positive anomalies of Ba, Sr, and Rb and no Eu anomaly (δEu = 0.99–1.36). The samples showed relatively high 87Sr/86Sr (0.70425–0.70522), 207Pb/204Pb (15.511–15.610), and 208Pb/204Pb (38.064–38.557) values and a low 143Nd/144Nd ratio (0.51271–0.51295). The basalts from Site 794 can be divided into upper, middle, and lower volcanic rocks (UVR, MVR, and LVR) on the basis of their stratigraphic level. The MVR was geochemically derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the UVR and LVR originated from a nondepleted and relatively enriched mantle source with contributions from subducted Pacific plate fluid and sediments. Use of geothermobarometers indicates that the crystallization pressure for the UVR and LVR (6.25–11.19 kbar) was significantly higher than that of the MVR (3.48–5.84 kbar). The UVR and LVR may have been derived from the low‐degree (5%–10%) partial melting of spinel lherzolite, while the MVR originated from a shallower mantle source with a high degree (10%–20%) of partial melting. In addition, the geochemical characteristics of the samples are consistent with a younger age (13–17 Ma) and the depleted composition of the MVR and an older age (17–23 Ma) and slightly enriched composition of the UVR and LVR. Therefore, temporal changes in the mantle source from old and enriched to young and depleted and subsequently to old and nondepleted may have been associated with progressive lithospheric extension and thinning, as well as at least two episodes of diverse asthenospheric upwelling and pull‐apart tectonic motion in the Yamato Basin.
Major and Trace Elements of Magnetite from the Qimantag Metallogenic Belt: Insights into Evolution of Ore–forming Fluids
Authors: Liwen YI , Xiangping GU , Anhuai LU , Jianping LIU , Hao LEI , Zhiling WANG , Yu CUI , Hongyan ZUO , Can SHEN 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMagnetite, as a genetic indicator of ores, has been studied in various deposits in the world. In this paper, we present textural and compositional data of magnetite from the Qimantag metallogenic belt of the Kunlun Orogenic Belt in China, to provide a better understanding of the formation mechanism and genesis of the metallogenic belt and to shed light on analytical protocols for the in situ chemical analysis of magnetite. Magnetite samples from various occurrences, including the ore‐related granitoid pluton, mineralised endoskarn and vein–type iron ores hosted in marine carbonate intruded by the pluton, were examined using scanning electron microscopy and analysed for major and trace elements using electron microprobe and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. The field and microscope observation reveals that early–stage magnetite from the Hutouya and Kendekeke deposits occurs as massive or banded assemblages, whereas late–stage magnetite is disseminated or scattered in the ores. Early–stage magnetite contains high contents of Ti, V, Ga, Al and low in Mg and Mn. In contrast, late–stage magnetite is high in Mg, Mn and low in Ti, V, Ga, Al. Most magnetite grains from the Qimantag metallogenic belt deposits except the Kendekeke deposit plot in the “Skarn” field in the Ca+Al+Mn vs Ti+V diagram, far from typical magmatic Fe deposits such as the Damiao and Panzhihua deposits. According to the (MgO+MnO)–TiO2‐Al2O3 diagram, magnetite grains from the Kaerqueka and Galingge deposits and the No.7 ore body of the Hutouya deposit show typical characteristics of skarn magnetite, whereas magnetite grains from the Kendekeke deposit and the No.2 ore body of the Hutouya deposit show continuous elemental variation from magmatic type to skarn type. This compositional contrast indicates that chemical composition of magnetite is largely controlled by the compositions of magmatic fluids and host rocks of the ores that have reacted with the fluids. Moreover, a combination of petrography and magnetite geochemistry indicates that the formation of those ore deposits in the Qimantag metallogenic belt involved a magmatic–hydrothermal process.
Ultrasound‐guided catheterisation of the subclavian vein: freehand vs needle‐guided technique
Authors: Maecken T. , Heite L. , Wolf B. , Zahn P. K. , Litz R. J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe objective of this prospective, randomised study was to examine the impact of a multi‐angle needle guide for ultrasound‐guided, in‐plane, central venous catheter placement in the subclavian vein. One hundred and sixty patients were randomly allocated to two groups, freehand or needle‐guided, and then 159 catheterisations were analysed. Cannulation of the first examined access site was successful in 96.9% of cases with no significant difference between groups. There were three arterial punctures and no other severe injuries. Catheter misplacements did not differ between the groups. Higher success rates within the first and second attempts in the needle‐guided group were observed (p = 0.041 and p = 0.019, respectively). Use of the needle guide reduced the access time from a median (IQR [range]) of 30 (18–76 [6–1409]) s to 16 (10–30 [4–295]) s; p = 0.0001, and increased needle visibility from 31.8% (9.7%–52.2% [0–96.67]) to 86.2% (62.5%–100% [0–100]); p < 0.0001. A multi‐angle needle guide significantly improved aligning the needle and ultrasound plane compared with the freehand technique when cannulating the subclavian vein. Use of the guide resulted in faster access times and increased success at the first and second attempts.
Advantages of collecting multiple urinary iodine concentrations when assessing iodine status of a population
Authors: Samidurai AJ , Ware RS , Davies PSW 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of collecting multiple (four) urine samples on the extensive variance often observed within a cohort when determining iodine status via urinary iodine concentration (UIC).MethodsFifty‐one children aged two to three years and thirty children aged 8–10 years participated in the study in South East Queensland, Australia. Each child's four urine samples were analysed using ammonium persulphate digestion before a Sandell–Kolthoff reaction method. Analysis of variance techniques were used to assess the effect of using multiple urine samples.ResultsThe median UICs were 223.3 and 141 μg/L for two‐ to three‐year‐olds and eight‐ to 10‐year‐olds, respectively. The coefficient of variance (CV) of UIC for children aged two to three years was reduced by 35.6%, 36.5% and 39.7% when two, three and four samples were included in the adjustment, respectively. Similarly, the CV of UIC for children aged 8–10 years was reduced by 24.7%, 30.7% and 34.7%, respectively.ConclusionAlthough the practicality and cost of collecting multiple UICs need to be considered, collecting multiple UIC samples from each participant provides a more accurate reflection of a cohort iodine status.