bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climate change on water availability: case study of a small coastal town in India
Authors: Nair Rekha S. , Bharat Dr Alka , Nair Manu G. 
Published: May 2013

Climate change is presently causing a multitude of impacts in various sectors. Studies by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the UN, and other agencies such as the Institute of Physical Geography, University College London show that there will be a significant impact on fresh water availability in the future due to climate change. The Cochin city region is an important port and commercial hub located on the south western coast of India. Average annual rainfall is 3,099 mm, yet there is an acute gap between the demand and supply of potable water. An assessment of the vulnerability of the city to various climate change parameters is important in formulating long-term strategies for sustainable development. This article examines the availability of water resources in the context of future requirements (2051), the expected impacts of climate change and its variability.
Research highlights:99% of supply depends on monsoon fed rivers100 years temperature shows an increasing trend with significant increase in later years100 years rainfall shows increasing variability with significant increase in later yearsSensitivity analysis and the environmental water requirement (EWR) approach indicate a 33% drop in reservoir water availability due to a 19% deficit in rainfallBased on climate change, vulnerability CVI for water availability computed66% of population highly vulnerable.
A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC®) to Microfracture: Analysis of 1- and 2-Year Follow-Up Data of 2 Centers
Authors: Anders Sven , Volz Martin , Frick Hubert , Gellissen Jörg 
Published: May 2013

Microfracture (MFx) is currently the recommended option for the treatment of small cartilage defects but is not regarded as suitable for the treatment of defects larger than 2.5 cm2. To extent its applicability to medium-sized defects MFx has been combined with a collagen type I/III matrix (Chondro-Gide®). This technique is called Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC®) and meanwhile a clinically established treatment option for localized full-thickness small- to medium-sized cartilage defects. Despite its more spreading clinical use, clinical data published so far are limited to mainly case report series.In this study, we report the first results of a randomized, controlled trial assessing the efficacy and safety of AMIC®versus MFx. Patients enrolled in 2 centers were included in this analysis. 38 patients (aged 21-50 years, mean defect size 3.4 cm2) were randomized and treated either with MFx, with sutured AMIC®or glued AMIC®. Clinical outcomes (modified Cincinnati and ICRS score) could be assessed in 30 patients at 1-year and 27 patients at 2-years post-operation. Improvements in both scores were seen at 1-and 2-years post-operation, irrespective of the technique used. MRI assessment revealed a satisfactory and homogenous defect filling in the majority of patients. No treatment-related adverse events were reported.This interim analysis confirms the mid-term results for AMIC®reported in literature. It demonstrates clearly that clinical outcomes at 1-year post-operation are maintained at 2-years. Therefore we consider enhancing MFx with Chondro-Gide®is a valid and safe cartilage repair option for small- to medium-sized cartilage defects of the knee.
Expression patterns of nociceptin in rats following experimental tooth movement
Authors: Liao Lina , Hua Xiaochuan , Long Hu , Ye Niansong , Zhou Yang , Wang Sheng , Lai Wenli 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To determine the expression levels of nociceptin following experimental tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: sham and experimental groups. For the experimental group, closed coil springs were used to mimic orthodontic force (80 g) between upper incisors and first molars, and the rats were killed at 0 hours, 4 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 5 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days. All of these procedures were similar for the sham group, except for that no force was applied. The four rats killed at 0 hours without any intervention were used as the baseline control in each group. Trigeminal nucleus caudalis from both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of force applications were obtained for immunostaining.

Results:
Nociceptin was expressed in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of each group. Its expression levels started to increase on day 2, peaked on day 7, and returned to baseline on day 10 in the experimental group, while expression levels started to decrease on day 1 and returned to baseline on day 10 in the sham group. Moreover, the expression levels were similar between the ipsilateral and contralateral sides in each group.

Conclusion:
The expression levels of nociceptin were elevated following experimental tooth movement. The anesthetic agent used in this study (chloral hydrate) may have an antagonism with nociceptin. Due to bilateral innervation of anterior teeth and bilateral projection of nerve fibers, the expression levels of nociceptin were similar between ipsilateral and contralateral sides.
Estimating the Population Prevalence of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes
Authors: Leong Aaron , Dasgupta Kaberi , Chiasson Jean-Louis , Rahme Elham 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
Health administrative data are frequently used for diabetes surveillance, but validation studies are limited, and undiagnosed diabetes has not been considered in previous studies. We compared the test properties of an administrative definition with self-reported diabetes and estimated prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes by measuring glucose levels in mailed-in capillary blood samples.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A stratified random sample of 6,247 individuals (Quebec province) was surveyed by telephone and asked to mail in fasting blood samples on filter paper to a central laboratory. An administrative definition was applied (two physician claims or one hospitalization for diabetes within a 2-year period) and compared with self-reported diabetes alone and with self-reported diabetes or elevated blood glucose level (≥7 mmol/L). Population-level prevalence was estimated with the use of the administrative definition corrected for its sensitivity and specificity.

RESULTS
Compared with self-reported diabetes, sensitivity and specificity were 84.3% (95% CI 79.3–88.5%) and 97.9% (97.4–98.4%), respectively. Compared with diabetes by self-report and/or glucose testing, sensitivity was lower at 58.2% (52.2–64.6%), whereas specificity was similar at 98.7% (98.0–99.3%). Adjusted for sampling weights, population-level prevalence of physician-diagnosed diabetes was 7.2% (6.3–8.0%). Prevalence of total diabetes (physician-diagnosed and undiagnosed) was 13.4% (11.7–15.0%), indicating that ∼40% of diabetes cases are undiagnosed.

CONCLUSIONS
A substantial proportion of diabetes cases are missed by surveillance methods that use health administrative databases. This finding is concerning because individuals with undiagnosed diabetes are likely to have a delay in treatment and, thus, a higher risk for diabetes-related complications.
Discrete homing problems
Authors: Lefebvre Mario , Kounta Moussa 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We consider the so-called homing problem for discrete-time Markov chains. The aim is to optimally control the Markov chain until it hits a given boundary. Depending on a parameter in the cost function, the optimizer either wants to maximize or minimize the time spent by the controlled process in the continuation region. Particular problems are considered and solved explicitly. Both the optimal control and the value function are obtained
Improving efficiency of pH control by balance-based adaptive control application
Authors: Stebel Krzysztof , Czeczot Jacek , Metzger Mieczysław 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper deals with the efficient control of the pH process. Considering the PI + gain scheduling (PI+GS) controller as the benchmark and its control performance as the base, we investigate experimentally the overall improvement in the control performance obtained by the application of the Balance-Based Adaptive Controller (B-BAC), which requires only the measurement data of the flow rates and pH values. The improvement of the control efficiency is investigated not only in terms of the controlled variable performance but also in terms of the manipulated variable performance considered as the considerable control cost. The application of the B-BAController can ensure lower controlled pH variability at the price of the control effort similar to the PI+GS approach and thus it can improve the overall efficiency of pH control. The second important contribution is the experimental validation of the very simple and intuitive tuning procedure for the B-BAController
Robust control system design in frequency domain
Authors: Veselý Vojtech , Osuský Jakub 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this paper two robust control methods for hybrid system are presented. Both methods are usefull for SISO and MIMO systems. Controller design procedure is developed in frequency domain. Equivalent subsystem method is used for controller design in this paper. Stability condition of proposed methods bases on small gain theory and uses additive and inverse additive model type. Two tank water system is presented in the paper and serves as a numerical example to compare effectiveness of described methods
Real-time implementation of multiple model based predictive control strategy to air/fuel ratio of a gasoline engine
Authors: Wojnar Sławomir , Polóni Tomáš , Šimončič Peter , Rohal̓-Ilkiv Boris , Honek Marek , Csambál Jozef 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Growing safety, pollution and comfort requirements influence automotive industry ever more. The use of three-way catalysts in exhaust aftertreatment systems of combustion engines is essential in reducing engine emissions to levels demanded by environmental legislation. However, the key to the optimal catalytic conversion level is to keep the engine air/fuel ratio (AFR) at a desired level. Thus, for this purposes more and more sophisticated AFR control algorithms are intensively investigated and tested in the literature. The goal of this paper is to present for a case of a gasoline engine the model predictive AFR controller based on the multiple-model approach to the engine modeling. The idea is to identify the engine in particular working points and then to create a global engine's model using Sugeno fuzzy logic. Opposite to traditional control approaches which lose their quality beside steady state, it enables to work with satisfactory quality mainly in transient regimes. Presented results of the multiple-model predictive air/fuel ratio control are acquired from the first experimental real-time implementation on the VW Polo $1390 cm^3$ gasoline engine, at which the original electronic control unit (ECU) has been fully replaced by a dSpace prototyping system which execute the predictive controller. Required control performance has been proven and is presented in the paper.
‘This is England’? Sense of Place in English Narrative Ballads
Authors: Atkinson David 
Published: May 2013

Rightly or wrongly, ballads and folk songs collected in England are often thought to embody a sense of Englishness, even though substantial numbers of the items contained in such collections could equally be found in, say, Scotland, or even America. Nevertheless, ballad texts do reference topology and environment, and they do reference specific localities. However, while it is not difficult to think of some songs that unequivocally identify a fairly specific location (‘Rufford Park Poachers’ and ‘The Folkestone Murder’ are discussed here), many of the classical ballads in particular establish locality in much more elliptical fashion. Looking at a selection of ballads and their variants, both as collected songs and in broadside print, I aim to sketch out the way(s) in which ballads maintain a fragile, allusive sense of place. Albeit that it is inevitably overshadowed by the emphasis on action and emotion that characterise ballad style, what is here described as an ‘elliptical’ sense of place is nonetheless an important facet of the ‘feel’ of these ballads.
Impact Factors of Nursing Journals: What Nurses Need to Know
Authors: Oermann Marilyn H. , Shaw-Kokot Julia 
Published: May 2013

How to Obtain Contact Hours by Reading this Issue

Instructions: 1.2
contact hours will be awarded by Villanova University College of Nursing upon successful completion of this activity. A contact hour is a unit of measurement that denotes 60 minutes of an organized learning activity. This is a learner-based activity. Villanova University College of Nursing does not require submission of your answers to the quiz.

A contact hour certificate will be awarded once you register, pay the registration fee, and complete the evaluation form online at
https://villanova.gosignmeup.com
.

In order to obtain contact hours you must:

1.
Read the article, “Impact Factors of Nursing Journals: What Nurses Need to Know,” found on pages 293–299, carefully noting any tables and other illustrative materials that are included to enhance your knowledge and understanding of the content. Be sure to keep track of the amount of time (number of minutes) you spend reading the article and completing the quiz.

2.
Read and answer each question on the quiz. After completing all of the questions, compare your answers to those provided within this issue. If you have incorrect answers, return to the article for further study.

3.
Go to the Villanova website to register for contact hour credit. You will be asked to provide your name, contact information, and a VISA, MasterCard, or Discover card number for payment of the $20.00 fee. Once you complete the online evaluation, a certificate will be automatically generated.

This activity is valid for continuing education credit until
June 30, 2015.

Contact Hours
This activity is co-provided by Villanova University College of Nursing and SLACK Incorporated.
Villanova University College of Nursing is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Commission on Accreditation.

Objectives

Upon completion of this article, the learner will be able to:

Describe journal impact factors and their uses.

Summarize findings of research on journal impact factors and implications for nurse authors.

Disclosure Statement
Neither the planners nor the authors have any conflicts of interest to disclose.

Impact factors (IFs) are scores based on the frequency with which articles in a journal have been cited in other journals during a 2-year or 5-year period. Impact factors vary across disciplines and even within fields because of differences in citing behaviors, types of publications, and other factors. Nurses need to understand IFs and the implications for them as authors, particularly in light of the small number of nursing journals with IFs. This article describes journal IFs, the current state of IFs for nursing journals, and considerations in selecting a journal for submission of an article.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(7):293–299.
Une analyse socio-économique critique des PPP
Authors: Campagnac Elisabeth , Deffontaines Géry 
Published: May 2013

Cet article propose une analyse socio-économique critique des PPP en revenant sur les promesses d’amélioration de la commande publique par le recours à ces mécanismes. Trois niveaux d’analyse sont proposés : — « micro » : les améliorations qualitatives intermédiaires « organisationnelles » et les résultats « finals » mesurables énoncés par la théorie économique, et supposés acquis ex ante se vérifient-ils ? Il est proposé par ailleurs de considérer les limites de l’approche input-output centrée sur les coûts et délais ; — sectorielle, tant l’analyse par nature « globale » des PPP, manque une analyse variant selon les contextes locaux et sectoriels ; — enfin une invitation à élargir l’analyse socio-économique critique au-delà de l’outil de la commande publique lui-même : dépasser l’analyse input-output (l’efficience économique de la production de l’équipement) et même celle des outcomes (l’efficacité du service dont il est le support) pour exercer une réflexion sur les outfalls (retombées plus larges) du recours aux PPP.
Gluten Free Diet, Perceptions and Concerns of People Living with Celiac Disease in India: Internet-based Survey of Members of &lsquo;Zero Gluten&rsquo; on Facebook
Authors: Verma Sanjay 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gluten free diet (GFD) for the treatment of celiac disease (CD) remains a lifelong challenge for patients and their parents in India. There is little knowledge available about how these patients experience and cope with their dietary needs in India.

Aims
(i) To assess the status of gluten free diet and problems faced while managing GFD. (ii) To get an incite about their perceptions and concerns.

Study design
Cross-sectional descriptive internet-based survey.

Materials and methods
A predesigned semistructured questionnaire was prepared and mailed to members of ‘zero gluten’ on Facebook; an internet-based social support group for Indian CD patients, who were on GFD for a variable period of time. Those who decided to participate returned the filled questionnaire along with consent, which were analyzed.

Results
Out of 120 members, 32 filled the questionnaire and returned back. These computer literate CD patients were from different Northern states of India. Age ranged from 3 to 36 years with mean age 20.75 years. Mean duration of GFD was 3 years and average age at diagnosis was 13.7 years. Knowledge about possible options in GFD was limited. Branded GF products were in demand; 71.9% were buying them. Follow-up was poor and involvement of dieticians while managing GFD was rare. Their major concerns were professional needs, transmission to kids, marriage and peer pressure.

Conclusion
Managing GFD in India is difficult; help of trained dieticians, regular follow-up and psychological support is needed to sustain these dietary changes for life.

How to cite this article
Verma S. Gluten Free Diet, Perceptions and Concerns of People Living with Celiac Disease in India: Internet-based Survey of Members of ‘Zero Gluten’ on Facebook. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(2):107-111.
Socioenvironmental Etiology of Plague Outbreak in Himachal Pradesh: A Retrospective Enquiry
Authors: Singh Amarjeet , Kaur Harvinder , Goel Sonu , Sharma Yachna , Kessar Rupali Raj 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Aims
(1) To ascertain various socioepidemiological factors related to 2002 plague outbreak in Himachal Pradesh (HP). (2) To elucidate the sylvatic cycle of plague bacilli transmission.

Materials and methods
The study was conducted among affected families during 2002 HP plague outbreak. The opinion of natives of plague affected Hatkoti belt of HP, Gujjars and health care staff about etiology, proneness, sustenance, spread, control and prevention of plague were explored. Blood samples and fleas were collected from the domestic, peridomestic and wild rodents trapped from these areas. These were investigated entomologically and microbiologically in PGIMER, Chandigarh.

Results
Overall 159 rodents and 22 fleas were collected from wild and domestic areas. Three species of rodents were identified; Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus and Peromyscus leucopus. Similarly, three flea species namely Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Epitedia wenmanni and Leptopsylla segnis were extracted. Serum and blood samples (n = 49) collected from rodents showed Gram-positive bacilli (GPB), Gram-positive cocci (GPC) and diphtheroid bacilli.
Respondent villagers and Gujjars believed that plague outbreak occurred due to wrath of God and other supernatural forces. The villagers and health workers were of the view that exposure of people to plague was due to deep forest exploration for hunting.

Conclusion
The lifestyle of people and other social factors played a crucial role in plague outbreak in the area. The sylvatic cycle persisted in plague prone areas of HP.

How to cite this article
Kaur H, Goel S, Sharma Y, Kessar RR, Singh A. Socioenvironmental Etiology of Plague Outbreak in Himachal Pradesh: A Retrospective Enquiry. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(2):112-116.
Why Should Sub-Saharan Africa Care about the Doha Development Round?
Authors: Draper Peter , Freytag Andreas , Doyaili Sarah Al 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In recent years sub-Saharan Africa, notwithstanding the global financial crisis, has increased its share in global trade and investment flows. This has led to an appreciable improvement in development levels, albeit off a small base. However, these patterns are still dominated by commodity flows and investment, and remain marginal on the global stage. Increased trade and investment flows, particularly related to network services, would be of great benefit to the sub-continent. Yet many domestic regulatory constraints remain. Furthermore, substantial international market distortions, particularly in agricultural trade, inhibit economic diversification into more value-adding activities. The Doha development round could, if concluded, go a long way towards addressing these barriers. Ultimately it could prove more consequential to the sub-continent’s development trajectory than regional economic integration. The latter, whilst important, is shallow and too reliant on institution-intensive forms mimicking the European Union. Overall therefore this paper motivates for an African trade agenda focused on concluding the Doha round.
METHOD TO VULCANIZE NATURAL RUBBER FROM MEDIUM AMMONIA LATEX BY USING GLUTARALDEHYDE
Authors: Johns Jobish , Nakason Charoen , Thitithammawong Anoma , Klinpituksa Pairote 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
A novel and inexpensive method for vulcanizing natural rubber by using glutaraldehyde was introduced. The vulcanized rubber samples were prepared by adding various amounts of glutaraldehyde to medium ammonia natural rubber latex. Cross-linking reaction occurred only in the presence of ammonium hydroxide in natural rubber latex upon the addition of glutaraldehyde. Cross-linked rubber has been obtained by reacting natural rubber with pentane-1,5-diylidenediamine formed from the reaction between glutaraldehyde and ammonia. The vulcanized materials were characterized by mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry. The results revealed an improvement in mechanical and thermal properties by vulcanization. Activation energy of degradation has been calculated using the Horowitz-Metzger equation. The cross-link density of the vulcanized rubber was determined from swelling experiments in benzene. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been employed to confirm the cross-linking reaction between rubber molecules. From the overall characterizations, natural rubber vulcanized with 12 mL of 10% glutaraldehyde exhibited better properties.