bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavored dark matter and R-parity violation
Authors: Batell Brian , Lin Tongyan , Wang Lian-Tao 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMinimal Flavor Violation offers an alternative symmetry rationale to R-parity conservation for the suppression of proton decay in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. The naturalness of such theories is generically under less tension from LHC searches than R-parity conserving models. The flavor symmetry can also guarantee the stability of dark matter if it carries flavor quantum numbers. We outline general features of supersymmetric flavored dark matter (SFDM) models within the framework of MFV SUSY. A simple model of top flavored dark matter is presented. If the dark matter is a thermal relic, then nearly the entire parameter space of the model is testable by upcoming direct detection and LHC searches.
A suspicion index for early diagnosis and treatment of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Authors: Mignarri Andrea , Gallus Gian Nicola , Dotti Maria Teresa , Federico Antonio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundCerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder characterized by a heterogeneous presentation and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Since early diagnosis and replacement therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid can prevent clinical deterioration, our aim was to develop a diagnostic tool to identify and treat CTX patients at an initial stage of the disease.MethodsWe devised a suspicion index, composed of weighted scores assigned to indicators such as family history characteristics and common systemic and neurological features, on the basis of a pooled analysis of selected international CTX series. The indicators were classified as very strong (score 100), strong (50) or moderate (25). The suspicion index was then applied retrospectively to our CTX population.ResultsEarly systemic signs such as cataract, diarrhea and neonatal cholestatic jaundice were considered strong indicators, together with neurological features such as intellectual impairment, psychiatric disturbances, ataxia, spastic paraparesis and dentate nuclei abnormalities at MRI. Tendon xanthomas were regarded as very strong indicators, as was an affected sibling. A total score ≥ 100 warranted serum cholestanol assessment. Elevated cholestanol or a total score ≥ 200, with one very strong or four strong indicators, warranted CYP27A1 gene analysis. In our patients, age at diagnosis was 35.5 ± 11.8 years (mean ± standard deviation), whereas with the diagnostic tool it became 10.6 ± 9.8 years (p < 0.01).ConclusionsOur suspicion index provides a simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool allowing diagnosis and treatment of CTX before neurological disability occurs.
Transferring Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Cancer Patients Back to Acute Care (TRIPBAC)
Authors: Asher Arash , Roberts Pamela S. , Bresee Catherine , Zabel Garret , Riggs Richard V. , Rogatko Andre 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo determine predictive factors for TRansferring Inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) cancer Patients Back to Acute Care (TRIPBAC).DesignA retrospective chart review of patients with cancer admitted to an IRF from 2009 to 2010 because of a functional impairment that developed as a direct consequence of their cancer or its treatment.SettingIRF of a community‐based, academic, tertiary care facility.MethodsThe characterization of patients with cancer in the IRF was primarily based on analysis of the IRF Patient Assessment Instrument and other internal IRF data logs.Main Outcome MeasurementFrequency and reasons for TRIPBAC.ResultsThe TRIPBAC rate in our IRF was 17.4%. The most common reasons for TRIPBAC were postneurosurgical complications (31%). Factors associated with TRIPBAC were a motor Functional Independence Measure score of 35 points or lower on admission (odds ratio 4.01, 95% confidence interval 1.79‐8.98; P = .001) and the presence of a feeding tube or a modified diet (odds ratio 3.18, 95% confidence interval 1.44‐7.04; P = .004).ConclusionsMotor Functional Independence Measure score on admission is the best predictor for TRIPBAC in patients with cancer admitted to our IRF, followed by the presence of a feeding tube or a modified diet.
Whole-body retention of α-linolenic acid and its apparent conversion to othern-3 PUFA in growing pigs are reduced with the duration of feeding α-linolenic acid
Authors: Martínez-Ramírez Héctor R. , Cant John P. , Shoveller Anna K. , Atkinson James L. , de Lange Cornelis F. M. 
Published: January 2014

In the present study, fifteen growing pigs were used to determine the whole-body oxidation, retention efficiency (RE) and apparent conversion (AC) of α-linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3) ton-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), including EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The pigs were fed a diet containing 10 % flaxseed for 30 d. Whole-body fatty acid composition was determined at initial (27·7 (se1·9) kg), intermediate (day 15; 39·2 (se1·4) kg) and final (45·7 (se2·2) kg) body weight. On day 12, four pigs were fed 10 mg/kg of uniformly labelled13C-18 : 3n-3 (single-bolus dose) to determine the oxidation of 18 : 3n-3. Expired$$CO_{2} $$samples were collected for 24 h thereafter. The whole-body content ofn-3 PUFA increased linearly (P< 0·0001) with time; however, the content of 22 : 6n-3 exhibited a quadratic response (P< 0·01) with a peak occurring at 15 h. As a proportion of intake, the RE of 18 : 3n-3 tended to reduce with time (P= 0·098). The AC of ingested 18 : 3n-3 to the sum ofn-3 HUFA was reduced with time (P< 0·05; 12·2v.7·53 % for days 0–15 and days 15–30, respectively). The AC of 18 : 3n-3 to 20 : 5n-3 or 22 : 6n-3 was lower than that to 20 : 3n-3, both for days 0–15 (P< 0·05; 1·14 or 1·07v.7·06 %) and for days 15–30 (P< 0·05; 1·51 or 0·33v.4·29 %). The direct oxidation of 18 : 3n-3 was 7·91 (se0·98) % and was similar to the calculated disappearance of 18 : 3n-3 between days 0 and 30 (8·81 (se5·24) %). The oxidation of 18 : 3n-3 was much lower than that reported in other species. The AC of 18 : 3n-3 ton-3 HUFA was reduced over time and that to 20 : 3n-3 in the present study was much higher than that reported in other species and should be explored further.
Where Have All the IPOs Gone?
Authors: Gao Xiaohui , Ritter Jay R. , Zhu Zhongyan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring 1980–2000, an average of 310 companies per year went public in the United States. Since 2000, the average has been only 99 initial public offerings (IPOs) per year, with the drop especially precipitous among small firms. Many have blamed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the 2003 Global Settlement’s effects on analyst coverage for the decline in IPO activity. We find very little support for the conventional wisdom, and we offer an alternative explanation. Our economies of scope hypothesis posits that the advantages of selling out to a larger organization, which can speed a product to market and realize economies of scope, have increased relative to the benefits of operating as an independent firm.
Strandings of northern bottlenose whales,Hyperoodon ampullatus, in the north-east Atlantic: seasonality and diet
Authors: Fernández Ruth , Pierce Graham J. , MacLeod Colin D. , Brownlow Andrew , Reid Robert J. , Rogan Emer , Addink Marian , Deaville Robert , Jepson Paul D. , Santos M. Begoña 
Published: January 2014

Peaks in northern bottlenose whale,Hyperoodon ampullatus, strandings are found between August and September in the UK and August and November in The Netherlands, consistent with a hypothesized southward migration. However, results on diet suggest that several whales stranded during these months were not travelling from northern latitudes prior to stranding. We analysed the stomach contents of ten whales stranded in the north-east Atlantic (Scotland, N = 6, England, N = 1, Ireland, N = 2 and The Netherlands, N = 1). All but one of the analysed whales (live-stranded in the River Thames in January 2006) stranded between August and October. Food remains consisted almost entirely of cephalopod mandibles. Twenty-one cephalopod species (16 families) were recorded, the most abundant taxa beingGonatusspp.,Teuthoweniaspp. andTaonius pavo. No fish and few crustacean remains were found. Small amounts of cephalopod flesh were found in three of the stomachs and none in the others. Given that cephalopod beaks can remain within the stomach for several days, and that there was no evidence of inshore feeding (no coastal species were present among the prey), the whales may not have fed for several days prior to stranding. Three whales had remains of warm-temperate water cephalopods (e.g.Vampyroteuthis infernalis,Heteroteuthissp.) in their stomachs, while three individuals showed a high diversity of prey in their stomachs, suggesting that several of the whales could have been either travelling north or consistently feeding in temperate latitudes prior to stranding. As previously recorded in other deep diving teuthophagous cetaceans, two animals had ingested small amounts of plastic debris.
A pocket of very high suicide rates in a non-violent, egalitarian and cooperative population of South-East Asia
Authors: Jollant F. , Malafosse A. , Docto R. , Macdonald C. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundExtremely high rates of suicide localized within subgroups of populations where suicide is rare have been reported. We investigated this intriguing observation in a population of South-East Asia, where local culture should theoretically be preventative of suicide.MethodA team including an anthropologist and a psychiatrist surveyed all cases of suicide that had occurred over 10 years in four isolated regions. A psychological autopsy was carried out comparing each suicide case with two matched control cases.ResultsIn a region of 1192 inhabitants, 16 suicides occurred, leading to an annual suicide rate of 134/1 000 00 which is 10 times the rate in the USA or Canada. By contrast, three ethnically similar distant communities showed low to null rates. The gender ratio was three males to one female and two-thirds of cases were aged below 35 years. Methods of suicide were poisoning and hanging and motives mainly included interpersonal discord. The pattern of developmental and clinical risk factors was somewhat different from Western countries, showing no childhood maltreatment, only one case of alcohol/substance abuse and impulsive–aggressive personality but elevated rates of social anxiety. Suicide cases had very high frequencies of second-degree biological relatives who committed suicide.ConclusionsOur study confirms a persistent phenomenon of high suicide rates restricted to a subgroup of a pre-industrialized population. We hypothesized this might be explained by isolation and endogamy, which may have promoted the selection/amplification of genetic vulnerability factors, or a contagion effect. These findings shed light on suicide from both a singular and a universal perspective, suggesting that particular local conditions may significantly modulate the rate of this complex behavior.
Learning by observation in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Foti F. , Mazzone L. , Menghini D. , De Peppo L. , Federico F. , Postorino V. , Baumgartner E. , Valeri G. , Petrosini L. , Vicari S. 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundObserving another person performing a complex action accelerates the observer's acquisition of the same action and limits the time-consuming process of learning by trial and error. Learning by observation requires specific skills such as attending, imitating and understanding contingencies. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit deficits in these skills.MethodThe performance of 20 ASD children was compared with that of a group of typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological age (CA), IQ and gender on tasks of learning of a visuomotor sequence by observation or by trial and error. Acquiring the correct sequence involved three phases: a detection phase (DP), in which participants discovered the correct sequence and learned how to perform the task; an exercise phase (EP), in which they reproduced the sequence until performance was error free; and an automatization phase (AP), in which by repeating the error-free sequence they became accurate and speedy.ResultsIn the DP, ASD children were impaired in detecting a sequence by trial and error only when the task was proposed as first, whereas they were as efficient as TD children in detecting a sequence by observation. In the EP, ASD children were as efficient as TD children. In the AP, ASD children were impaired in automatizing the sequence. Although the positive effect of learning by observation was evident, ASD children made a high number of imitative errors, indicating marked tendencies to hyperimitate.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate the imitative abilities of ASD children although the presence of imitative errors indicates an impairment in the control of imitative behaviours.
Attention-getting skills of deaf children using American Sign Language in a preschool classroom
Authors: LIEBERMAN AMY M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTVisual attention is a necessary prerequisite to successful communication in sign language. The current study investigated the development of attention-getting skills in deaf native-signing children during interactions with peers and teachers. Seven deaf children (aged 21–39 months) and five adults were videotaped during classroom activities for approximately 30 hr. Interactions were analyzed in depth to determine how children obtained and maintained attention. Contrary to previous reports, children were found to possess a high level of communicative competence from an early age. Analysis of peer interactions revealed that children used a range of behaviors to obtain attention with peers, including taps, waves, objects, and signs. Initiations were successful approximately 65% of the time. Children followed up failed initiation attempts by repeating the initiation, using a new initiation, or terminating the interaction. Older children engaged in longer and more complex interactions than younger children. Children's early exposure to and proficiency in American Sign Language is proposed as a likely mechanism that facilitated their communicative competence.
Is serotonin transporter genotype associated with epigenetic susceptibility or vulnerability? Examination of the impact of socioeconomic status risk on African American youth
Authors: Beach Steven R. H. , Brody Gene H. , Lei Man Kit , Kim Sangjin , Cui Juan , Philibert Robert A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe hypothesized that presence of the short allele in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter would moderate the effect of early cumulative socioeconomic status (SES) risk on epigenetic change among African American youth. Contrasting hypotheses regarding the shape of the interaction effect were generated using vulnerability and susceptibility frameworks and applied to data from a sample of 388 African American youth. Early cumulative SES risk assessed at 11–13 years based on parent report interacted with presence of the short allele to predict differential methylation assessed at age 19. Across multiple tests, a differential susceptibility perspective rather than a diathesis–stress framework best fit the data for genes associated with depression, consistently demonstrating greater epigenetic response to early cumulative SES risk among short allele carriers. A pattern consistent with greater impact among short allele carriers also was observed using all cytosine nucleotide–phosphate–guanine nucleotide sites across the genome that were differentially affected by early cumulative SES risk. We conclude that the short allele is associated with increased responsiveness to early cumulative SES risk among African American youth, leading to epigenetic divergence for depression-related genes in response to exposure to heightened SES risk among short allele carriers in a “for better” or “for worse” pattern.
Maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity are related to young children's facial expression recognition: The Generation R Study
Authors: Székely Eszter , Lucassen Nicole , Tiemeier Henning , Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Van Ijzendoorn Marinus H. , Kok Rianne , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Hofman Albert , Verhulst Frank C. , Herba Catherine M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA vast body of literature shows that maternal depression has long-term adverse consequences for children. However, only very few studies have documented the effect of maternal depression on children's ability to process emotional expressions and even fewer incorporated measures of observed maternal sensitivity to further tease apart whether it is the symptoms per se or the associated impact via maternal sensitivity that affects children's developing emotion-processing abilities. In a large community sample of Dutch preschoolers (N= 770), we examined independent and mediated effects of maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity on children's ability to recognize emotional expressions using a nonverbal and a verbal task paradigm. Maternal depressive symptoms predicted less accurate emotion labeling in children, while maternal sensitivity was associated with more accurate emotion matching, especially for sadness and anger. Maternal sensitivity did not mediate the observed associations between mothers’ depressive symptoms and children's emotion recognition, and effects were similar for boys and girls. Given that maternal depressive symptoms and sensitivity affected nonoverlapping areas of young children's emotion recognition, prevention and intervention efforts should focus on both alleviating maternal depressive symptoms and improving maternal sensitivity at the same time in order to maximize benefit.
The perfect storm? Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy and compound CACNA2D1 and RANGRF mutation in a baby
Authors: Cataldo Stefania , Annoni Giuseppe A. , Marziliano Nicola 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA female baby suffered from a rare association between histiocytoid cardiomyopathy, left ventricular non-compaction, and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome causing severe and recurrent arrhythmic storms. Antiarrhythmic drugs, radiofrequency ablation of Purkinje tissue, and sympathetic denervation were ineffective. The implant of a cardiac defibrillator allowed her to survive till heart transplant. Compound mutation of CACNA2D1 and RANGRF genes were found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive description of the concurrence of these two mutations and histiocytoid cardiomyopathy.
Successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in a 12-year-old boy with fibromuscular dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Lin Ming-Chih , Lee Wen-Lieng , Fu Yun-Ching 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction is rarely reported in children. Most of the cases are secondary to congenital anomalies or Kawasaki disease. Coronary artery total occlusion caused by fibromuscular dysplasia has never been reported in young children. Here we report a case of a 12-year-old boy with fibromuscular dysplasia, who underwent successful coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction.
Public Opinion in Britain towards the Disestablishment of the Church of England
Authors: Clements Ben , Spencer Nick 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article provides a detailed empirical assessment of British public opinion on the issue of the disestablishment of the Church of England, one of the most important questions concerning relations between church and state. It uses a nationally representative survey conducted in 2011. It finds that, in socio-structural terms, those more supportive of disestablishment are men, those living in Scotland and those with a degree-level education. In political and ideological terms, Liberal Democrat party identifiers and those with left-wing and liberal policy preferences are more supportive of disestablishment. There are also significant differences on the basis of newspaper readership, withGuardianreaders most supportive. The findings contribute to existing empirical research on this topic and demonstrate the need for further analysis of how religious orientations shape public attitudes on this debate.
Drawing a high-resolution functional map of adeno-associated virus capsid by massively parallel sequencing
Authors: Adachi Kei , Enoki Tatsuji , Kawano Yasuhiro , Veraz Michael , Nakai Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAdeno-associated virus (AAV) capsid engineering is an emerging approach to advance gene therapy. However, a systematic analysis on how each capsid amino acid contributes to multiple functions remains challenging. Here we show proof-of-principle and successful application of a novel approach, termed AAV Barcode-Seq, that allows us to characterize phenotypes of hundreds of different AAV strains in a high-throughput manner and therefore overcomes technical difficulties in the systematic analysis. In this approach, we generate DNA barcode-tagged AAV libraries and determine a spectrum of phenotypes of each AAV strain by Illumina barcode sequencing. By applying this method to AAV capsid mutant libraries tagged with DNA barcodes, we can draw a high-resolution map of AAV capsid amino acids important for the structural integrity and functions including receptor binding, tropism, neutralization and blood clearance. Thus, Barcode-Seq provides a new tool to generate a valuable resource for virus and gene therapy research.
Three‐dimensional optical wireless indoor positioning system using location code map based on power distribution of visible light emitting diode
Authors: Won Yong‐Yuk , Yang Se‐Hoon , Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: January 2014

A new indoor three‐dimensional (3D) positioning system is proposed based on visible light emitting diode (LED), and is implemented using a location code and a spatial distribution map. Location codes are allocated to each LED as they are transmitted sequentially to the user or object with an optical sensor. Three LEDs form a triangular optical wireless zone, and intensities of the received location codes are unique at all reference points. After the location codes are allocated to the coordinates of all reference points, their spatial distribution map is implemented. The 3D position of a user or object is then obtained using an algorithm based on the spatial distribution map of the location code. A positioning error for a 2D position was measured to be < 3 cm at a physical distance between two adjacent reference points of 5 cm. A 3D positioning error of about 10 cm was observed in the 3D space, with vertical layers at intervals of 10 cm.
UV resonance Raman analysis of trishomocubane and diamondoid dimers
Authors: Meinke Reinhard , Richter Robert , Merli Andrea , Fokin Andrey A. , Koso Tetyana V. , Rodionov Vladimir N. , Schreiner Peter R. , Thomsen Christian , Maultzsch Janina 
Published: January 2014

We present resonance Raman measurements of crystalline trishomocubane and diamantane dimers containing a C=C double bond. Raman spectra were recorded with excitation energies between 2.33 eV and 5.42 eV. The strongest enhancement is observed for the C=C stretch vibration and a bending mode involving the two carbon atoms of the C=C bond, corresponding to the B2g wagging mode of ethylene. This is associated with the localization of the π-HOMO and LUMO and the elongation of the C=C bond length and a pyramidalization of the two sp2-hybridized carbon atoms at the optical excitation. The observed Raman resonance energies of the trishomocubane and diamantane dimers are significantly lower than the HOMO-LUMO gaps of the corresponding unmodified diamondoids.