bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Venue-Mediated Weak Ties in Multiplex HIV Transmission Risk Networks Among Drug-Using Male Sex Workers and Associates
Authors: Fujimoto Kayo , Wang Peng , Ross Michael W. , Williams Mark L. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We investigated the structural characteristics of a multiplex HIV transmission risk network of drug-using male sex workers and their associates. Methods. Using a sample of 387 drug-using male sex workers and their male and female associates in Houston, Texas, we estimated an exponential random graph model to examine the venue-mediated relationships between individuals, the structural characteristics of relationships not linked to social venues, and homophily. We collected data in 2003 to 2004. The network comprised social, sexual, and drug-using relationships and affiliations with social venues. Results. Individuals affiliated with the same social venues, bars, or street intersections were more likely to have nonreciprocated (weak) ties with others. Sex workers were less likely than were other associates to have reciprocated (strong) ties to other sex workers with the same venues. Individuals tended to have reciprocated ties not linked to venues. Partner choice tended to be predicated on homophily. Conclusions. Social venues may provide a milieu for forming weak ties in HIV transmission risk networks centered on male sex workers, which may foster the efficient diffusion of prevention messages as diverse information is obtained and information redundancy is avoided.
Association of Socioeconomic Position With Sensory Impairment Among US Working-Aged Adults
Authors: Chou Chiu-Fang , Beckles Gloria L. A. , Zhang Xinzhi , Saaddine Jinan B. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) and sensory impairment. Methods. We used data from the 2007 to 2010 National Health Interview Surveys (n = 69 845 adults). Multivariable logistic regressions estimated odds ratios (ORs) for associations of educational attainment, occupational class, and poverty–income ratio with impaired vision or hearing. Results. Nearly 20% of respondents reported sensory impairment. Each SEP indicator was negatively associated with sensory impairment. Adjusted odds of vision impairment were significantly higher for farm workers (OR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.02), people with some college (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.16, 1.44) or less than a high school diploma (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19, 1.55), and people from poor (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.52), low-income (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.43), or middle-income (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.07, 1.31) families than for the highest-SEP group. Odds of hearing impairment were significantly higher for people with some college or less education than for those with a college degree or more; for service groups, farmers, and blue-collar workers than for white-collar workers; and for people in poor families. Conclusions. More research is needed to understand the SEP–sensory impairment association.
Loose Cigarette Purchasing and Nondaily Smoking Among Young Adult Bar Patrons in New York City
Authors: Guillory Jamie , Johns Michael , Farley Shannon M. , Ling Pamela M. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined loose cigarette (loosie) purchasing behavior among young adult (aged 18–26 years) smokers at bars in New York City and factors associated with purchase and use. Methods. Between June and December 2013, we conducted cross-sectional surveys (n = 1916) in randomly selected bars and nightclubs. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we examined associations of loose cigarette purchasing and use with smoking frequency, price, social norms, cessation behaviors, and demographics. Results. Forty-five percent (n = 621) of nondaily smokers and 57% (n = 133) of daily smokers had ever purchased a loosie; 15% of nondaily smokers and 4% of daily smokers reported that their last cigarette was a loosie. Nondaily smokers who never smoked daily were more likely than were daily smokers to have last smoked a loosie (odds ratio = 7.27; 95% confidence interval = 2.35, 22.48). Quitting behaviors and perceived approval of smoking were associated with ever purchasing and recently smoking loosies. Conclusions. Loosie purchase and use is common among young adults, especially nondaily smokers. Smoking patterns and attitudes should be considered to reduce loose cigarette purchasing among young adults in New York City.
Longitudinal Investigation of Smoking Initiation and Relapse Among Younger and Older US Military Personnel
Authors: Boyko Edward J. , Trone Daniel W. , Peterson Arthur V. , Jacobson Isabel G. , Littman Alyson J. , Maynard Charles , Seelig Amber D. , Crum-Cianflone Nancy F. , Bricker Jonathan B. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined whether military service, including deployment and combat experience, were related to smoking initiation and relapse. Methods. We included older (panel 1) and younger (panel 2) participants in the Millennium Cohort Study. Never smokers were followed for 3 to 6 years for smoking initiation, and former smokers were followed for relapse. Complementary log-log regression models estimated the relative risk (RR) of initiation and relapse by military exposure while adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle factors. Results. Deployment with combat experience predicted higher initiation rate (panel 1: RR = 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28, 1.62; panel 2: RR = 1.26; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.54) and relapse rate (panel 1 only: RR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.36, 1.62). Depending on the panel, previous mental health disorders, life stressors, and other military and nonmilitary characteristics independently predicted initiation and relapse. Conclusions. Deployment with combat experience and previous mental disorder may identify military service members in need of intervention to prevent smoking initiation and relapse.
The Federal-State Tempest of Medical Marijuana Taxation: Seeking a Bridge over Troubled Waters
Authors: Durant Monique O. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Presently, federal income taxation of medical marijuana is the same as for cocaine or heroin; the only permitted adjustment to gross revenues in calculating federal taxable income is cost of goods sold. Where medical marijuana has been legalized, however, state income taxation falls primarily into two groups, with some states permitting nonprofit treatment of dispensaries for state purposes, although they will not receive such treatment for federal tax purposes. Other states make no requirement of nonprofit status, such that state taxation of these enterprises generally follows federal treatment. This disparity in federal-state taxation, although simply stated, has earth-shaking economic implications to the producers, distributors, and users of medical marijuana. Despite recent developments, a potentially extreme federalism problem remains; one that has been characterized as a “war” between the federal government and some states over medical marijuana policy. This “war” has two fronts, due to the way the federal tax code controlling marijuana is drafted. One front concerns the criminalization of medical marijuana operations nationally, and a second front concerns federal income taxation of these same enterprises. As additional states continue to legalize marijuana for medical purposes, the federalism issues continues to loom large. This paper discusses the federalism issues resulting from this unique legal conflict and the need for federal legislation.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Identifies Small-Fiber Neuropathy in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance Who Develop Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Azmi Shazli , Ferdousi Maryam , Petropoulos Ioannis N. , Ponirakis Georgios , Alam Uazman , Fadavi Hassan , Asghar Omar , Marshall Andrew , Atkinson Andrew J. , Jones Wendy , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Tavakoli Mitra , Jeziorska Maria , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) through to type 2 diabetes is thought to confer a continuum of risk for neuropathy. Identification of subjects at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and, hence, worsening neuropathy would allow identification and risk stratification for more aggressive management.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty subjects with IGT and 17 age-matched control subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, assessment of neuropathic symptoms and deficits, quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiology, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), branch density (CNBD), and fiber length (CNFL) at baseline and annually for 3 years.

RESULTS
Ten subjects who developed type 2 diabetes had a significantly lower CNFD (P = 0.003), CNBD (P = 0.04), and CNFL (P = 0.04) compared with control subjects at baseline and a further reduction in CNFL (P = 0.006), intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) (P = 0.02), and mean dendritic length (MDL) (P = 0.02) over 3 years. Fifteen subjects who remained IGT and 5 subjects who returned to normal glucose tolerance had no significant baseline abnormality on CCM or IENFD but had a lower MDL (P &lt; 0.0001) compared with control subjects. The IGT subjects showed a significant decrease in IENFD (P = 0.02) but no change in MDL or CCM over 3 years. Those who returned to NGT showed an increase in CNFD (P = 0.05), CNBD (P = 0.04), and CNFL (P = 0.05), but a decrease in IENFD (P = 0.02), over 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS
CCM and skin biopsy detect a small-fiber neuropathy in subjects with IGT who develop type 2 diabetes and also show a dynamic worsening or improvement in corneal and intraepidermal nerve morphology in relation to change in glucose tolerance status.
Profile of the Immune and Inflammatory Response in Individuals With Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Grossmann Vera , Schmitt Volker H. , Zeller Tanja , Panova-Noeva Marina , Schulz Andreas , Laubert-Reh Dagmar , Juenger Claus , Schnabel Renate B. , Abt Tobias G.J. , Laskowski Rafael , Wiltink Jörg , Schulz Eberhard , Blankenberg Stefan , Lackner Karl J. , Münzel Thomas , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
The inflammatory and immune systems are altered in type 2 diabetes. Here, the aim was to profile the immune and inflammatory response in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes in a large population-representative sample.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In total, 15,010 individuals were analyzed from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Glucose status was classified according to HbA1c concentration and history of diagnosis. All samples were analyzed for white blood cells (WBCs), granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, fibrinogen, and hematocrit. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), and neopterin concentrations were determined in a subcohort.

RESULTS
In total, 7,584 men and 7,426 women were analyzed (range 35–74 years), with 1,425 and 1,299 having prediabetes and diabetes, respectively. Biomarkers showed varying dynamics from normoglycemic via subjects with prediabetes to subjects with diabetes: 1) gradual increase (WBCs, granulocytes, monocytes, IL-1RA, IL-18, and fibrinogen), 2) increase with subclinical disease only (lymphocytes and CRP), 3) increase from prediabetes to diabetes only (neopterin), and 4) no variation with glucose status (hematocrit). The strongest relative differences were found for CRP, IL-1RA, and fibrinogen concentrations. Several inflammatory and immune markers were associated with the glucose status independent from cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, varied with disease severity and the presence of disease-specific complications in the diabetes subcohort.

CONCLUSIONS
The inflammatory and immune biomarker profile varies with the development and progression of type 2 diabetes. Markers of inflammation and immunity enable differentiation between the early preclinical and clinical phases of the disease, disease complications, and progression.
Comparing Type 2 Diabetes, Prediabetes, and Their Associated Risk Factors in Asian Indians in India and in the U.S.: The CARRS and MASALA Studies
Authors: Gujral Unjali P. , Narayan K.M. Venkat , Pradeepa R. Ghua , Deepa Mohan , Ali Mohammed K. , Anjana Ranjit M. , Kandula Namratha R. , Mohan Viswanathan , Kanaya Alka M. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes and the associated risk factors in two Asian Indian populations living in different environments.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 2,305 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in Chennai, India, from the Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia study (CARRS) (2010–2011), and 757 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in the greater San Francisco and Chicago areas from the U.S. Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (2010–2013). Diabetes was defined as self-reported use of glucose-lowering medication, fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or 2-h glucose ≥200 mg/dL. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL and/or 2-h glucose 140–199 mg/dL.

RESULTS
Age-adjusted diabetes prevalence was higher in India (38% [95% CI 36–40]) than in the U.S. (24% [95% CI 21–27]). Age-adjusted prediabetes prevalence was lower in India (24% [95% CI 22–26]) than in the U.S. (33% [95% CI 30–36]). After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure, living in the U.S. was associated with an increased odds for prediabetes (odds ratio 1.2 [95% CI 0.9–1.5]) and a decreased odds for diabetes (odds ratio 0.5 [95% CI 0.4–0.6]).

CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate possible changes in the relationship between migration and diabetes risk and highlight the growing burden of disease in urban India. Additionally, these results call for longitudinal studies to better identify the gene-environment-lifestyle exposures that underlie the elevated risk for type 2 diabetes development in Asian Indians.
An Investigation of the Relationship Between the Enos Gene Polymorphism and Diagnosed Migraine
Authors: Güler S. , Gürkan H. , Tozkir H. , Turan N. , Çelik Y. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We investigated the phenotype-genotype association of the following endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms, rs743506, rs2070744, rs1799983, rs180079, rs3918226, rs207468799 and rs148554851, in patients suffering from migraine living in Edirne, Turkey. A total of 175 individuals, who had been diagnosed with migraine between April 2013 and December 2013, at the Neurology Department, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey, and 125 healthy controls were recruited. The above gene polymorphisms were analyzed from genomic DNA in both patient and control groups, using the pyro-sequencing method.
The eNOS rs1799983 TT genotype frequency in migraine patients who had a headache duration of longer than 24 hours was statistically significantly higher than in patients who had migraine attacks that lasted under 24 hours (p = 0.047). In terms of the AGGTGGA haplotype, the severity of headache was statistically significant, and was found to be severe in 61.0% (p = 0.0001). Also in terms of the AGGTGGA haplotype, the duration of headache was statistically significant, and was >24 hours in 56.0% of patients (p = 0.008). In our study, there was no significant genotypephenotype relationship between eNOS rs743506, rs2070744, rs1799983, rs180079, rs3918226, rs207468799 and rs148554851 gene polymorphisms and migraine patients with and without aura living in Edirne, Turkey. The AGGTGGA haplotype constitutes a risk in terms of the severity and the duration of headaches in patients with migraine. This risk is significantly higher in patients with migraine with aura than patients with migraine without aura.
The Whole Plant Reconstruction of Banisteriaecarpum Giganteum and Byttneriophyllum Tiliifolium - A Preliminary Report
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko , Hably Lilla 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
New records of fruits of Banisteriaecarpum giganteum (Göppert) Kräusel from the middle and late Miocene of Austria and Hungary and the Pliocene of Romania regularly associated with foliage of Byttneriophyllum tiliifolium (A. Braun) Knobloch & Kvaček confirm previous views of Czeczott, Ţicleanu and others that the two organs belong to a single plant related to Malvaceae s.l. and not to Mapighiaceae, as previously assumed by Schenk, Kräusel and Kirchheimer. According to the fruit morphology it is closely similar to Tarrietia Blume (tropical SE Asia and Africa, sometimes included together with Argyrodendron F. Muel. to Heritiera Dryand. in Ait.), with which it partly shares habitats (swamp to riparian forests) and decidedly differs in foliage (leaves strongly asymmetric ovate vs symmetric simple ovate to elongate or palmately compound) and climatic requirements (warm temperate vs tropical conditions). Its pollen has not yet been firmly discriminated. The fossils so far assigned to Tarrietia from Europe must be excluded from this genus: Tarrietia hungarica Rásky from the early Oligocene of Hungary was assumed by Andreánszky as legume fruits (Machaerites hungaricus (Rásky) Andreánszky), Tarrietia germanica Rüffle from the early Miocene of Germany, according to fine venation pattern, may also represent a monospermic legume pod
Innovative Test Rig for Jet Fuels Thermal Stability Testing / Innowacyjne Stanowisko Badawcze Do Określania Stabilności Termicznej Paliw Lotniczych
Authors: Sarnecki Jarosław 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The article deals with laboratory test method for jet fuels thermal stability testing. Author described the reasons that led to test rig preparation, its construction and operation principles. Innovative test rig for jet fuels thermal stability testing enables research in wide thermal conditions and different pressures. Testing capabilities and advantages compared with currently used standard test method of jet fuels thermal stability testing according to ASTM D3241 have been also presented
Rethinking Play Texts in the Age of Mediatization: Simon Stephens’sPornography
Authors: Ilter Seda 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:This article is unusual in that it responds to a tendency in contemporary theatre practice and scholarship to overlook play texts when exploring the effect on the theatre of media technologies and culture have. Introducing the concept of “mediatized dramaturgy,” the article explores how a play can accommodate the social-cognitive conditions of a mediatized culture, not only through direct reference to technology, but also in aesthetic subtleties that echo the contemporary moment. In light of this, the article analyses Simon Stephens’s Pornography (2007) to show the workings of a mediatized play in opening new vistas to understand the new realities of the contemporary. A further discussion of the reception of Pornography onstage explores the performative implications of a mediatized dramaturgy. This analysis challenges recent shifts in critical discourse about the media-theatre relation: the growing emphasis on performance, misconceptions about postdramatic theatre as a non-textual form, and the text’s supposed incapacity to map the new reality of mediatized culture and consciousness.
Disease Severity and Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project
Authors: Bharti Balambal , Lee Susan J. , Lindsay Suzanne P. , Wingard Deborah L. , Jones Kenneth L. , Lemus Hector , Chambers Christina D. 
Published: April 2015

Objective.To determine the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease severity on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with and without autoimmune diseases.Methods.A prospective cohort study was conducted using the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists Autoimmune Diseases in Pregnancy Project. Pregnant women with RA enrolled between 2005 and 2013 were selected if they (1) delivered a live-born singleton infant; and (2) completed 3 telephone-based measures of RA disease severity prior to 20 weeks’ gestation, including the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), pain score, and patient’s global scale. Associations between RA disease severity and preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), or cesarean delivery were tested in unadjusted and multivariate analyses using modified Poisson regression models.Results.The sample consisted of 440 women with RA. Several unadjusted comparisons yielded significant associations. After adjustment for covariates, increasing disease severity was associated with risk for preterm delivery and SGA. For each unit increase in HAQ-DI (0–1), the adjusted relative risk (aRR) for preterm delivery increased by 58% (aRR 1.58, 95% CI 1.17–2.15). Among those with HAQ-DI > 0.5, the aRR for SGA was 1.81 (95% CI 1.01–3.33).Conclusion.RA disease severity in early pregnancy, as measured in this study, was predictive of preterm delivery and SGA. These findings suggest that the risk of preterm delivery and SGA in women with RA might be lowered if RA is well controlled early in pregnancy.
Verbicide. D’une vulnérabilité qui n’ose dire son nom
Authors: Cole Alyson , Boidy Maxime 
Published: April 2015

Cet article étudie le processus discursif qui a conformé les conceptions contemporaines de la vulnérabilité. Mettant en évidence des tentatives récurrentes de réarticuler la relation entre la victimisation et le blâme, il retrace les usages de l’expression « blâmer la victime » depuis que le sociologue William Ryan l’a forgée en 1970 afin de critiquer l’aide apportée aux populations vulnérables, jusqu’aux campagnes conservatrices contemporaines menées à l’encontre des « politiques victimaires ». Le nœud blâme/victime me conduit également à aborder la victimologie, une science apparue au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, et visant à prendre la mesure d’un phénomène de « catalysation victimaire » ; les travaux du psychologue Melvin Lerner, qui ont prouvé que certains individus blâment bel et bien la victime ; les mobilisations féministes à l’encontre du « blâme de la victime de viol », ainsi que l’émergence du Mouvement des droits des victimes. Cette généalogie du travail rhétorique à l’œuvre derrière l’expression « blâmer la victime », et de ses effets dépolitisants, montre comment penser en termes de victimes suppose de plus en plus de se focaliser sur l’utilité thérapeutique du blâme, souvent au détriment des conséquences matérielles de la victimisation ou de son traitement. 1
Prier ou danser à Hébron. Fondamentalisme et contestation dans un lieu sacré
Authors: Feige Michael 
Published: April 2015

Les colons israéliens considèrent Hébron comme un lieu ultime, un lieu où les juifs retournent pour ne plus jamais le quitter. Menée au tombeau des Patriarches, l’enquête ethnographique se concentre sur les sentiments intenses que la rencontre avec des Palestiniens suscite chez un groupe de colons, l’auteur proposant de voir dans cette confrontation une lutte pour le lieu sacré. Afin d’éclairer la signification que les lieux ultimes revêtent aujourd’hui en Israël, l’article présente également un autre point de vue sur la situation dans les territoires occupés : celui des soldats chargés de veiller sur les colons.
La vraie spiritualité de Saint Grignion de Montfort
Authors: Guitteny Bernard 
Published: April 2015

La dernière édition des Œuvres complètes de Grignion de Montfort (1966) rend manifeste qu’un traité lui a été attribué d’une manière erronée ; il est d’un auteur postérieur à lui. Cette erreur a été divulguée depuis le milieu du XIX e siècle. Elle a compliqué la reconnaissance de Grignion de Montfort comme docteur de l’Église, dont la cause a été suspendue en 2001, et elle déséquilibre la cohérence de sa doctrine spirituelle.