bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon balance analysis of agricultural production systems in oasis areas
Authors: Wang Jinxiang , Chang Guohua , Liu Hao , Yin Zhuoxin , Liu Panliang , Zhao Yaling , Li Kaiming , Gao Tianpeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChina is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the world, and agricultural GHG emission accounts for nearly a fifth of the total emission in China. To understand the carbon absorption and emission characteristics of agricultural production systems in those arid oasis areas, a typical representative city in northwestern China, Zhangye City, was selected for study.The emission factor method was used to analyze and calculate the characteristics of changing carbon emission dynamics in the whole agricultural production system in Zhangye city region (38,592 km2) from 2010 to 2021.The results revealed that carbon emissions during agricultural planting mainly come from fertilizers, which account for the highest proportion (47.9%) of total carbon emissions in agricultural planting. Animal enteric fermentation emissions from local livestock farming are the main contributor (86%) to GHG emissions. The annual average carbon absorption intensity is 4.4 t C-eq ha−1 for crop and 2.6 t C-eq ha−1 for the agricultural production system. The ratio of total carbon emissions from agricultural production to carbon sequestration of crops is 1:1.7. We find that the total carbon sequestration slightly exceeds its total carbon emissions in the study region, with an annual average of 41% for its sustainable development index. Carbon emissions of the agricultural production system in this oasis area are mainly driven by the livestock industry, mostly CH4 emissions from cattle raising.Reducing the local carbon emissions from the livestock industry, typically the cattle raising, will play a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions from this local agricultural production system and maintaining its net positive carbon balance.
Excitation functions of 72Ge(p,xn)72,71As reactions from threshold up to 45 MeV for production of the non-standard positron emitter 72As
Authors: Hussain Mazhar , Mues Genannt Koers Lucas , Spahn Ingo , Spellerberg Stefan , Neumaier Bernd , Qaim Syed M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNuclear reaction cross sections for the formation of 72As and 71As in proton-induced reactions on enriched 72Ge targets were measured up to 45 MeV utilizing three different cyclotrons at the Forschungszentrum Jülich. The stacked-thin sample activation technique in combination with high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry was used. The major γ-ray peaks of 72As and 71As formed via the 72Ge(p,n)72As and 72Ge(p,2n)71As reactions, respectively, were analyzed. The incident proton energy and flux on a foil were determined using several monitor reactions. Based on integrated counts, irradiation data and the nuclear decay data, the reaction cross sections were measured. All data describe the first measurements. Theoretical nuclear model calculations were then carried out by using the codes TALYS 1.96, EMPIRE 3.2 and ALICE-IPPE. A very good agreement between the measured data and calculated values was found. The new data enabled us to calculate the thick target yields and estimate the radionuclidic impurities for a given energy range. Over the optimum energy range Ep = 14 → 7 MeV, the calculated thick target yield of 72As amounts to 272 MBq/μAh with no 71As impurity at all. The 72Ge(p,n)72As reaction on the enriched 72Ge is thus very suitable for clinical scale production of 72As at a medical cyclotron.
A closer look at lithium-ion batteries in E-waste and the potential for a universal hydrometallurgical recycling process
Authors: van de Ven Johannes J. M. M. , Yang Yongxiang , Abrahami Shoshan T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe demand for lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) is rising, resulting in a growing need to recycle the critical raw materials (CRMs) which they contain. Typically, all spent LiBs from consumer electronics end up in a single waste stream that is processed to produce black mass (BM) for further recovery. It is desired to design a recycling process that can deal with a mixture of LiBs. Hence, this study investigates the structure and composition of battery modules in common appliances such as laptops, power banks, smart watches, wireless earphones and mobile phones. The battery cells in the module were disassembled into cell casing, cathode, anode and separator. Then, the cathode active materials (CAMs) were characterized in detail with XRD-, SEM-, EDX- and ICP-OES-analysis. No direct link was found between the chemistry of the active materials (NMC, LCO, LMO, LFP etc.) and the application. Various BM samples were submitted to a leaching procedure (2 M H2SO4, 50 °C, 2 h, 60 g BM/L) with varying concentration (0–4 vol%) of H2O2 to study the influence of their chemical composition on the dissolution of Li, Ni, Mn and Co. Only a part of the BMs dissolved completely at 4 vol% H2O2, which was attributed to the oxidation state of the transition metals (TMs). Exact determination of H2O2 consumption by redox titration confirmed this hypothesis.
Experimental study on the heat treatment reaction process of bentonite
Authors: Hai Long , Wang Jiarui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on enhancing the pozzolanic activity of bentonite through heat treatment to improve its compressive strength, while also considering its expansion properties for applications. Sodium bentonite was subjected to various temperatures and analyzed using thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). The results indicated that at 100 °C, adsorbed and interlayer water in montmorillonite was lost, and constitution water was eliminated at 700 °C. With further temperature increases, montmorillonite decomposes into an amorphous phase at 900 °C. At 1100 °C, the amorphous phase recrystallized into magnesium–aluminum silicate, which further decomposed into cristobalite. The study concludes that bentonite heat-treated at 800–900 °C can be effectively used as an additive in mining backfill materials to enhance compressive strength while maintaining its expansion properties.
Modeling impulsivity and risk aversion in the subthalamic nucleus with deep brain stimulation
Authors: Voon Valerie , Manssuer Luis , Zhao Yi-Jie , Ding Qiong , Zhao Ying , Wang Linbin , Wang Tao , Huang Peng , Pan Yixin , Sun Bomin , Li Dianyou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRisk evaluation is ubiquitous in decisions. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is effective for Parkinson’s disease and obsessive–compulsive disorder, and can be associated with impulsivity and hypomania. Subthalamic stimulation has seemingly contrasting effects on impulsivity enhancing conflict-induced impulsivity but decreasing risk taking. Here, using a card gambling task paired with intracranial recordings (n = 25) and within-subject case control acute stimulation (n = 15) of the right subthalamic nucleus, we dissociated objective risk and uncertainty and subjective physiological markers of risk. Acute stimulation decreased risk taking (P = 0.010, Cohen’s d = 0.72) and increased subthalamic theta activity (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d = 0.72). Critically, stimulation negatively shifted the relationship between subthalamic physiology and a measure of evidence accumulation similar to observations with stimulation-induced conflict processing. This highlights the phenotypic and physiological heterogeneity of impulsivity, yet linking mechanisms underlying stimulation-induced conflict and risk. Finally, stimulation-induced risk seeking implicates the ventral subthalamic nucleus and dissociating anatomical and functional connectivity with the mesial prefrontal cortex. Our findings have implications for conceptualizations of impulsivity, and clinical relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders.
PD-1/LAG-3 co-signaling profiling uncovers CBL ubiquitin ligases as key immunotherapy targets
Authors: Chocarro Luisa , Blanco Ester , Fernandez-Rubio Leticia , Garnica Maider , Zuazo Miren , Garcia Maria Jesus , Bocanegra Ana , Echaide Miriam , Johnston Colette , Edwards Carolyn J , Legg James , Pierce Andrew J , Arasanz Hugo , Fernandez-Hinojal Gonzalo , Vera Ruth , Ausin Karina , Santamaria Enrique , Fernandez-Irigoyen Joaquin , Kochan Grazyna , Escors David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany cancer patients do not benefit from PD-L1/PD-1 blockade immunotherapies. PD-1 and LAG-3 co-upregulation in T-cells is one of the major mechanisms of resistance by establishing a highly dysfunctional state in T-cells. To identify shared features associated to PD-1/LAG-3 dysfunctionality in human cancers and T-cells, multiomic expression profiles were obtained for all TCGA cancers immune infiltrates. A PD-1/LAG-3 dysfunctional signature was found which regulated immune, metabolic, genetic, and epigenetic pathways, but especially a reinforced negative regulation of the TCR signalosome. These results were validated in T-cell lines with constitutively active PD-1, LAG-3 pathways and their combination. A differential analysis of the proteome of PD-1/LAG-3 T-cells showed a specific enrichment in ubiquitin ligases participating in E3 ubiquitination pathways. PD-1/LAG-3 co-blockade inhibited CBL-B expression, while the use of a bispecific drug in clinical development also repressed C-CBL expression, which reverted T-cell dysfunctionality in lung cancer patients resistant to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade. The combination of CBL-B-specific small molecule inhibitors with anti-PD-1/anti-LAG-3 immunotherapies demonstrated notable therapeutic efficacy in models of lung cancer refractory to immunotherapies, overcoming PD-1/LAG-3 mediated resistance.
A review of control strategies for optimized microgrid operations
Authors: Juma Shaibu Ali , Ayeng'o Sarah Paul , Kimambo Cuthbert Z. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrogrids (MGs) have emerged as a promising solution for providing reliable and sustainable electricity, particularly in underserved communities and remote areas. Integrating diverse renewable energy sources into the grid has further emphasized the need for effective management and sophisticated control strategies. This review explores the crucial role of control strategies in optimizing MG operations and ensuring efficient utilization of distributed energy resources, storage systems, networks, and loads. To maximize energy source utilization and overall system performance, various control strategies are implemented, including demand response, energy storage management, data management, and generation‐load management. Employing artificial intelligence (AI) and optimization techniques further enhances these strategies, leading to improved energy management and performance in MGs. The review delves into the control strategies and their architectures, and highlights the significant contributions of AI and emerging technologies in advancing MG energy management.
Power system instability prediction from the solution pattern of differential Riccati equations
Authors: Khodaparast J. , Fosso O. B. , Molinas M. , Suul J. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPower system stability characteristics are typically evaluated in terms of small‐ and large‐signal (transient) stability. Access to the time‐varying A‐matrix of a state‐space‐based power systems model during transient conditions can be utilized to apply linear time‐varying system concepts for large‐signal stability analysis. In linear time‐varying system analysis, the differential Riccati equation (DRE) plays a vital role when the power system is subjected to a severe disturbance. The Möbius transformation is proposed in this paper to solve the DRE with singularity issues. It is shown that the solution of the DREs follows a specific mathematical pattern when the power system is stable but does not follow this pattern when the system progresses toward instability. The proposed method can be used in large‐signal stability analysis to predict instability and make the stability analysis more efficient. Additionally, the vector‐DRE is proposed to generalize the index in a large‐scale power system. Results show that analyzing the corresponding Riccati equation's behaviour can help researchers predict a power system's performance and improve the control and management of the system.
Subchondral insufficiency fractures: overview of MRI findings from hip to ankle joint
Authors: Buturoiu Monica Maria , Ghiea Sorin , Weber Marc-André 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubchondral insufficiency fracture (SIF) represents a potentially severe condition that can advance to osteoarthritis, with collapse of the articular surface. SIF manifests as a fracture in bone weakened by non-tumorous disease, precipitated by repetitive physiological stress, without a clear history of major trauma. It is observed along the central weight-bearing region of the femoral condyle, with a higher incidence in the medial femoral condyle, but also in other large weight-bearing synovial joints, such as the femoral head, tibial plateau, or talus.A review of the literature from the past six years was performed by searching PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, using the keywords “subchondral insufficiency fracture” and “spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee”. The inclusion criteria were scientific papers presented in the English language that reported on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aspects of SIF of the lower limb.Detecting SIF at the level of the hip, knee, and ankle may present challenges both clinically and radiologically. The MRI appearance is dominated by a bone marrow edema-like signal and subchondral bone changes that can sometimes be subtle. Subchondral abnormalities are more specific than the pattern of bone marrow edema-like signal and are best shown on T2-weighted and proton-density-weighted MR images. MRI plays an important role in accurately depicting even subtle subchondral fractures at the onset of the disease and proves valuable in follow-up, prognosis, and the differentiation of SIF from other conditions.
A Convenient One-Pot Process for Converting Thiols into Sulfonyl Fluorides Using H2O2 as an Oxidant
Authors: Qin Hua-Li , Tao Guang , Fayad Eman , Abu Ali Ola A. , Oyom Bright 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA novel protocol for synthesizing sulfonyl fluorides from thiols in one pot is reported. Utilizing SOCl2 and H2O2 as low-cost and convenient reagents allows the direct oxidative chlorination of readily available thiol derivatives to give the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides, with subsequent fluoride–chloride exchange mediated by KHF2 giving access to the desired sulfonyl fluorides. This transformation features mild conditions, operational simplicity and high efficiency, and utilizes a broad substrate scope, including a variety of aryl, alkyl, benzyl and heteroaryl thiols.
Don’t Worry Darling: The anxious question of what women want after #MeToo?
Authors: Overell Rosemary 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article considers ‘post-MeToo’ media culture through a close reading of Olivia Wilde’s 2022 film Don’t Worry Darling by drawing primarily on Jacques Lacan’s approach to anxiety. #MeToo indexed, in its marking of ‘#’, in its saying, in its hashing out, that the ‘me’ of feminist subjectivity and the ‘too’ of a collective form of that subjectivity always bears a marked remainder. There is something which the symbolic will always miss; so too do fantasies of a united feminism, under the signifier ‘#MeToo’ lack. Some years after the #MeToo moment, the movement which it appeared to promise wanes. Revanchist patriarchy surges forth with eruption of #TradWives on TikTok, and the exhaustion of #MeToo in the wake of clapbacks and callouts of ‘cancel culture’. This paper returns to the original site where #MeToo irrupted – Hollywood – through a consideration of Don’t Worry Darling. Branded a ‘feminist psychological thriller in the wake of #MeToo’ by director Olivia Wilde, the film presents a trad wife dreamworld governed by a Jordan Peterson like guru. Drawing on Lacan, I argue that Don’t Worry Darling, in its spectacular box office failure, surrounding sexual scandal, and in the narrative itself, works as an index of feminist, but also patriarchal, anxieties after #MeToo.
Ion temperature and rotation velocity measurements of carbon and boron ions using VUV spectroscopy on EAST
Authors: Lin Z. C. , Zhang H. M. , Wang F. D. , Bae Cheonho , Fu J. , Shen Y. C. , Dai S. Y. , Fu S. Y. , Ji H. J. , Lu D. A. , Jin Y. F. , Yang Yang , Lyu B. 
Published: July 2024

A space-resolved vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy is employed to measure impurity emission profiles (500–3200 Å) on EAST. This study successfully captures C IV (1548.20 and 1550.77 Å) lines emitted from carbon ions and derives ion temperatures using Doppler broadening and a collision model based on their intensity ratios. Both the emission intensity and ion temperature profiles are determined. However, the calculated results reveal a lower temperature of around 10–20 eV with the collision model, suggesting a potential need for further correction in subsequent calculations. Furthermore, this study explores relative rotation velocities from the Doppler shift, indicating an increase in toroidal rotation velocity with applied neutral beam injection. The measured results exhibit concordance with the charge exchange recombination spectrometer data. Furthermore, during boron powder dropping discharges on EAST, B II (1623.60, 1623.79, 1623.95, 1624.02, 1624.17, and 1624.38 Å) emission lines exhibiting a similar time behavior trend with boron powder injection are identified. Ion temperatures are measured using B II (1362.46 Å) through the Doppler broadening method. These techniques hold significant promise for future impurity analysis at the edge of EAST, providing valuable insights into the behavior of carbon and boron ions.
The bigger they are, the higher they go: Australian insectivorous bats confirm Bergmann’s 175-year-old prediction
Authors: Herr Alexander 
Published: July 2024

Context Some insectivorous bats are some of the smallest flying endotherm. They have a high energy demand to maintain body temperature. Therefore, one can expect that larger animals of a species and larger species occur in colder environments as a result of improved energy conservation related to reduced surface to volume ratio in larger endotherm animals. Evidence of this general rule is scarce in bats, although Bergmann predicted this some 175 years ago for closely related species. Aims In this work, I investigated whether bat body size increases with above-sea-level elevation-related temperature decrease for three closely related Australian bat species of the genus Vespadelus. The purpose of this was two-fold. First, to investigate whether there is a relationship between bat size and elevation by using more recent computational techniques of Bayesian multilevel modelling (BMM). Second, to provide an example of applying recent advances in BMMs to wildlife research and to predict potential consequences of climate warming for these bats. Methods I investigated whether bat size relates to elevations of bat-capture locations. I included measurement errors for elevation and forearm length measurements by using a BMM in an high-performance computing environment. This model uses measurements of 775 bats from locations in the western slopes of the Australian Alps. Key results The BMM analysis showed that bat forearm length increased 0.11 mm for every 100 m elevation, with a low standard error of 0.01 mm, indicating a high precision. The standard deviations of the variables species and sex within species were large. This means that they did not provide sufficient explantory power for the overall model and predictions to warrant inclusion. Conclusions This study showed that there is a linear increase of bat size with elevation. This is the first study to show that bat size is related to elevation (and associated temperature decline) in three sympatric, closely related species of the same genus and it confirmed what Bergmann predicted over 175 years ago. Implications Under a warming climate, the results predict that bats become smaller on average. When incorporating average temperature-lapse rate to calculate elevations that assume a 1.5 and 3°C change in future average climate, the study coarsely quantified reduction in suitable habitat for the largest of the three species, V. darlingtoni, of up to 3%.
Emoji and illocutionarity
Authors: Herring Susan C. , Ge-Stadnyk Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Emoji can modify a textual utterance, constitute a
stand-alone speech act, or virtually perform an action. These three broad
types of pragmatic function are usually treated separately in the literature
when they are treated at all. We classify these functions in a systematic,
unified manner by drawing on the classic speech act notion of
illocutionarity. We present a conceptually motivated typology that accounts
for the three basic types of emoji function, as well as most pragmatic
functions reported in previous emoji research, illustrating it with data
from American and Chinese social media. The scheme can serve as a practical
heuristic to guide empirical research on emoji use and a theoretical anchor
for pragmatic studies of other graphicon types.
Design analysis of a low-power, high-speed 8 T SRAM cell using dual-threshold CNTFETs
Authors: Haq Shams ul , Abbasian Erfan , Khurshid Tabassum , Basha Shaik Javid , Sharma Vijay Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recently, carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) have garnered significant attention from VLSI engineers due to their exceptional electrical properties. This paper proposes a novel high-speed, low-power eight-transistor (8 T) static random-access memory (SRAM) cell based on 32-nm CNTFET technology. The SRAM cell was simulated using the HSPICE tool with a VDD of 0.9 V. The high-speed and low-power characteristics of the SRAM design are attributed to the high subthreshold slope and high carrier mobility of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)-like CNTFETs utilized in the simulations. The implementation of dual threshold transistors, coupled with a transmission gate for bitline access, contributes to the enhanced performance. Key performance metrics such as noise margins, power consumption, delay, and SRAM electrical quality metric (SEQM) of the proposed SRAM have been evaluated and compared with existing CNTFET-based SRAM designs. The proposed cell demonstrates reductions of 73.73%, 43.18%, and 58.70% in read power, write power, and hold power, respectively, compared to the lowest respective power values of other examined SRAM designs. The proposed SRAM ranks second, third, and second in write static noise margin (WSNM), hold static noise margin (HSNM), and read static noise margin (RSNM), respectively, among other designs. Additionally, the proposed SRAM exhibits the least sensitivity to parametric variations compared to other designs. The SEQM, which provides a comprehensive assessment of access times, noise margins, and power usage for the SRAM cell, has been calculated. The SEQM of the proposed SRAM is 10.6, 1.89, 13.15, and 1.82 times higher than that of C6T, BLP8T, Mani’s 10 T, and LP8T, respectively.