bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury after spine surgery using the RIFLE classification
Authors: Naik Bhiken I. , Colquhoun Douglas A. , McKinney William E. , Smith Andrew Bryant , Titus Brian , McMurry Timothy L. , Raphael Jacob , Durieux Marcel E. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectEarlier definitions of acute renal failure are not sensitive in identifying milder forms of acute kidney injury (AKI). The authors hypothesized that by applying the RIFLE criteria for acute renal failure (Risk of renal dysfunction, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease) to thoracic and lumbar spine surgery, there would be a higher incidence of AKI. They also developed a model to predict the postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR).MethodsA hospital data repository was used to identify patients undergoing thoracic and/or lumbar spine surgery over a 5-year period (2006–2011). The lowest GFR in the first week after surgery was used to identify and categorize kidney injury if present. Risk factors were identified and a model was developed to predict postoperative GFR based on the defined risk factors.ResultsA total of 726 patients were identified over the study period. The incidence of AKI was 3.9% (n = 28) based on the RIFLE classification with 23 patients in the risk category and 5 in the injury category. No patient was classified into the failure category or required renal replacement therapy. The baseline GFR in the non-AKI and AKI groups was 80 and 79.8 ml/min, respectively. After univariate analysis, only hypertension was associated with postoperative AKI (p = 0.02). A model was developed to predict the postoperative GFR. This model accounted for 64.4% of the variation in the postoperative GFRs (r2= 0.644).ConclusionsThe incidence of AKI in spine surgery is higher than previously reported, with all of the patients classified into either the risk or injury RIFLE categories. Because these categories have previously been shown to be associated with poor long-term outcomes, early recognition, management, and follow-up of these patients is important.
Selection Criteria, Yield Relationship with Component Traits and Grouping of Tropical Japonica, Indica Lines and Derived Hybrids of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Soni Sandeep Kumar , Yadav VK , Pratap N , Bhadana VP , Ram T 
Published: March 2014

Forty-five rice lines comprising of thirty derived hybrid lines obtained from ten tropical Japonica, three Indica and two national checks viz. Pusa Basmati 1121 and Sarjoo-52 were evaluated for selection parameters, yield contributing components and genetic divergence. Fifteen quantitative and three qualitative traits were studied from experimentation with randomized block design during Kharif 2011. The phenotypic coefficient of variability was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability for all of the traits. The highest estimates of broad sense heritability coupled with genetic advance in per cent of mean was recorded for spikelets per panicle, plant height followed by L:B ratio, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, biological yield per plant, flag leaf area, days to 50% flowering, plant height which might be due to the additive nature of gene action. Such results indicated that these traits will be reliable for the effective selection. Highly positive and significant correlation was observed at both phenotypic and genotypic level between grain yield per plant and biological yield per plant, followed by panicle bearing tillers per plant, spikelet fertility, panicle length, 1000- grain weight, grains per panicle, panicle weight, flag leaf length, spikelet per panicle, flag leaf area, kernel length, flag leaf width, days to 50% flowering, and harvest index. This relationship reflected that grain yield and aforesaid economic traits can be increased simultaneously in breeding programme to develop high yielding Indica as well as Tropical Japonica rice varieties. Whole genotypes grouped in 8 non-overlapping clusters exhibited maximum genetic diversity between clusters III i.e., TJ- 64897 × NDR-359, TJ-64897 × CSR36, TJ-64897 × PB-1 and VIII i.e., TJ-11010 × NDR359, TJ-11010 × PB-1, TJ-16081 × NDR-359, TJ-16081 × PB-1. These clusters also stand for early days to flowering, short slender, second highest harvest index and panicle bearing tillers per plant, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000- grain weight, long bold slender, biological yield per plant, and grain yield per plant. These genotypes showing higher mean performance for aforesaid traits can be exploited for enhancing hybrid vigour of desired New Plant Type with higher number of panicle bearing tillers per plant, spikelet per panicle and grains per spike in Indica as well as Tropical Japonica rice varieties for achieving higher yield. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v11i2.18399 SAARC J. Agri., 11(2): 17-32 (2013)
Quand la co-localisation contraint la coordination : l'apport du modèle ‘exit-voice' à l'analyse des dynamiques territoriales
Authors: Rivaud Audrey , Cazals Clarisse 
Published: March 2014

Les formes de coordination qui découlent des dimensions négatives de la proximité géographique sont le plus souvent appréhendées sous l’angle de la conflictualité. Pourtant, les conflits d’usage et leur pendant en termes de concertation ne sont pas les seuls moyens d’action des acteurs co-localisés. Les stratégies de délocalisation ou d’évitement sont également des réponses adaptées. Nous insistons sur l’intérêt du diptyque exit-voice pour envisager plus globalement les stratégies d’acteurs, et saisir de manière fine certaines dynamiques territoriales. Pour illustrer notre propos, nous nous intéressons à l’ostréiculture, activité productive confrontée à divers problèmes de coordination territorialisés. Nous analysons plus précisément les stratégies mises en œuvre par les ostréiculteurs sur deux espaces particuliers : le bassin de Marennes-Oléron, où le problème d’approvisionnement en eau douce donne lieu à des stratégies de sortie du jeu ; le bassin d’Arcachon, où les problèmes de qualité du milieu suscitent des stratégies de prise de parole.
Teaching Consilience:
Authors: Sugiyama Michelle Scalise 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A question currently facing evolutionary literary study is how to implement consilient practices in the classroom. By definition, consilient study involves application of the scientific method to literary analysis and other interpretive fields that traditionally fall under the humanities umbrella. However, the training of literary scholars does not typically include scientific study or the application of scientific research to literary theory and explication. This article is therefore aimed at those unversed in choosing suitable scientific texts and applying them to literary exegesis in the classroom. It takes as its model a course I have developed called Children's Literature in Evolutionary Perspective. Discussion emphasizes course design: level of instruction, selection and organization of course content, assessment methods, and teaching format.
Nodular Fasciitis
Authors: Khuu Anthony , Yablon Corrie M. , Jacobson Jon A. , Inyang Alero , Lucas David R. , Biermann J. Sybil 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of nodular fasciitis on sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsA retrospective search of the radiologic and pathologic databases over the past 10 years for the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis was performed. Sonographic and MRI features were described. Pathologic specimens were reviewed.ResultsSix pathologically confirmed cases of nodular fasciitis were found. The mean patient age was 19.5 years (range, 8–33 years); 3 patients were male and 3 were female. Four patients had sonography only; 1 patient had both sonography and MRI; and 1 patient had MRI only. Three masses were located in the subcutaneous tissue adjacent to fascia; 2 were at the subcutaneous/muscular border; and 1 was intramuscular; however, all were in contact with fascia and showed a fascial tail on sonography and MRI. On sonography and MRI, masses were oval with poorly defined lobulated borders, averaging 2.6 cm (range, 1.8–3.5 cm). On sonography, all masses were hypoechoic. On MRI, the masses were isointense to muscle on T1‐weighted sequences, hyperintense to muscle on fluid‐sensitive sequences, and enhanced avidly but heterogeneously. The masses were surrounded by fat.ConclusionsWhen a rapidly growing oval mass in contiguity with a fascial plane is recognized, the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis should be entertained. More importantly, the possibility of an inaccurate diagnosis by core biopsy exists, which may warrant gross resection.
Contrast‐Enhanced Sonographically Guided Percutaneous 915‐MHz Microwave Ablation Therapy Compared to Local Hemostatic Drug Injection in a Renal Artery Injury Model
Authors: Zhang Guoming , Dong Lei , Tai Yanhong , Sun Yuanyuan , Liang Ping , Liu Xiaohong , Wang Hui , Zhang Yan , Shen Hong , Sun Na 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to show the contrast‐enhanced sonographic features of various levels of renal artery rupture and to validate the therapeutic effects of percutaneous 915‐MHz microwave ablation compared to hemostatic drug injection (batroxobin) using an in vivo canine renal artery injury model.MethodsThree renal artery hemorrhage models (A, diameter <1 mm, subcapsular artery; B, diameter 1–2 mm, interlobar artery; and C, diameter 2–3 mm, segmental artery) were created in 24 canines for this study. Contrast‐enhanced sonography was used to show the bleeding features and guide hemostatic therapies using 915‐MHz microwave ablation and local batroxobin injection. Success rates were assessed according to amounts of bleeding, times required for hemostatic action, and volumes of fluid infusion required using pathologic examination as a reference standard.ResultsContrast‐enhanced sonography clearly showed renal artery ruptures with active bleeding at various levels and degrees and was very useful to make diagnoses and guide therapies. The success rate in the microwave treatment group was higher than that in the drug injection group (except group A; P< .05). The time required for hemostasis and the volume of fluid infusion required in the microwave group were notably less than those in the drug injection group (P < .05).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced sonography is a useful imaging method for assessing renal vessel injury and guide interventional therapies. Contrast‐enhanced sonographically guided percutaneous 915‐MHz microwave ablation is a preferred hemostatic technique for treatment of renal artery injury, with greater effectiveness and less tissue damage compared to local drug injection.
Effect of Carotid Artery Stenting on Ophthalmic Artery Flow Patterns
Authors: Altinbas Namik K. , Ustuner Evren , Ozcan Hasan , Bilgic Sadik , Sancak Tanzer , Dusunceli Ebru 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of carotid artery stenting on ophthalmic artery blood flow using transorbital color and spectral Doppler sonography and review the changes in relation to cerebral hemodynamics.MethodsTwenty‐eight consecutive patients with severe internal carotid artery stenosis (≥70%) who were scheduled for carotid stenting were included. Ophthalmic artery Doppler sonography was performed bilaterally before and after stenting. The flow direction, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistive index in the ophthalmic artery were recorded.ResultsTwenty male and 8 female patients with 10 right‐sided and 18 left‐sided stenoses were studied. The mean overall carotid stenosis ratio ± SD was 87.3% ± 9.9%. After stenting in the ophthalmic artery ipsilateral to the stenosis, significant increases in the PSV (−3.87 ± 48.81 to 46.70 ± 25.33 cm/s; P < .001), and EDV (−3.02 ± 16.31 to 11.24 ± 7.37 cm/s; P < .001) were detected, and the increase in the PI approached significance (1.40 ± 0.59 to 1.62 ± 0.52; P = .055). A change in the flow direction from retrograde to antegrade was noted in 11 patients (39%) after stenting, and in 1 patient with no detectable flow, reconstitution of flow was observed. Increases in the PSV and EDV (P= .03 for ΔEDV) were more pronounced in symptomatic patients than asymptomatic patients after stenting.ConclusionsSubstantially decreased ophthalmic artery velocity and retrograde flow are suggestive of high‐grade carotid artery stenosis (≳90%). Stenting improves ophthalmic artery perfusion and positively changes cerebral hemodynamics in high‐grade carotid artery stenosis, especially in symptomatic patients, which can be monitored with ophthalmic artery Doppler sonography.
Ultrasound Elastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Cervical Lesions
Authors: Lu Rong , Xiao Ying , Liu Minhui , Shi Dazun 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant cervical lesions and to compare the accuracy of the elasticity score and strain ratio in differentiating cervical lesions.MethodsB‐mode sonography and ultrasound elastography were performed on 84 cervical lesions (40 benign and 44 malignant) in 84 patients. All of the images were obtained transvaginally. The elasticity score was determined by a 5‐point scoring method. Calculation of the strain ratio was based on a comparison of the average strain measured in the lesion with the adjacent tissue of the same depth, size, and shape. The findings were compared with histopathologic results. With the use of receiver operating characteristic curves, the diagnostic value of the elasticity score and strain ratio methods was determined.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the elasticity score in the differential diagnosis of cervical lesions were 81.8%, 85.0%, 83.3%, 85.7%, and 81.0%, respectively, whereas those of the strain ratio were 90.9%, 90.0%, 90.5%, 90.9%, and 90.0%. A strain ratio cutoff value of 4.525 was used as a standard to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. The strain ratio values of malignant lesions were much higher than those of benign lesions (range, 4.85–8.91 versus 0.62–4.50). The differences were statistically significant (P < .01).ConclusionsUltrasound elastography is a promising technique that is easy and rapid to perform and can help identify cervical lesions that are likely to be malignant. It is obvious that the strain ratio yielded better results than the elasticity score. Both methods are semiquantitative, but quantification of the strain ratio is finer than that of the elasticity score.
Impact of Gestational Age on Nuchal Fold Thickness in the Second Trimester
Authors: Singh Chanchal , Biswas Arijit 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to establish gestational age (GA)–specific nomograms for nuchal fold thickness between 16 and 24 weeks.MethodsThis retrospective cross sectional study included 32,207 women who underwent a second‐trimester anomaly scan at the Fetal Care Center of National University Hospital from January 2005 to April 2011. Nomograms were plotted for nuchal fold thickness at each gestation to study its variation with GA.ResultsNuchal fold thickness increased with GA in a linear manner from 3.13 ± 0.68 mm (mean ± SD) at 16 weeks to 5.08 ± 0.76 mm at 24 weeks. The 95th percentile measurement at 24 weeks remained less than 6 mm.ConclusionsA threshold of 6 mm appears to be appropriate for the diagnosis of a thick nuchal fold even for gestations between 20 and 24 weeks.
Outcomes of Pregnancies With a Low‐Lying Placenta Diagnosed on Second‐Trimester Sonography
Authors: Heller Howard T. , Mullen Katherine M. , Gordon Robert W. , Reiss Rosemary E. , Benson Carol B. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine how often a low‐lying placenta, defined as a placenta ending within 2 cm of the internal cervical os but not covering it, diagnosed sonographically in the second trimester resolves before delivery.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, 1416 pregnancies with a sonographically diagnosed low‐lying placenta between 16 and 24 weeks' gestation were identified from our ultrasound database over a 5‐year period. We reviewed medical records to determine the gestational age at which the low‐lying placenta was first diagnosed, the gestational age at which the placenta was no longer sonographically low lying or covering the cervix, and, of those whose placentas that never cleared the internal cervical os sonographically, how many went on to cesarean delivery as a result of placental location.ResultsIn total, 1220 of 1240 low‐lying placentas (98.4%) that had sonographic follow up resolved to no previa before delivery; 89.9% of placentas cleared the cervix by 32 weeks, and 95.9% cleared by 36 weeks. Twenty patients (1.6%) had persistent sonographic placenta previa or a low‐lying placenta at or near term, including 5 complete previas, 7 marginal previas, 5 low‐lying placentas, and 3 vasa previas; all had cesarean deliveries.ConclusionsA low‐lying placenta sonographically diagnosed in the second trimester typically resolves by the mid third trimester. Only rarely (1.6% of the time) does it persist to term or near term. Follow‐up sonography is warranted to diagnose persistent placenta previa or vasa previa, a complication of a low‐lying placenta.
Effect of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Regeneration
Authors: Pomini Karina T. , Andreo Jesus C. , de C. Rodrigues Antonio , de O. Gonçalves Jéssica B. , Daré Letícia R. , German Iris J. S. , Rosa Geraldo M. , Buchaim Rogerio L. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound at 1.0 MHz on the healing process of fractures with bone loss in the rat fibula by alkaline phosphate level measurement and radiologic analyses.MethodsThirty 70‐day‐old male Wistar rats underwent a bone resection of 2.5 to 3.0 mm between the proximal and middle third of the right fibular diaphysis. The animals were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: reference (uninjured), control (injured only), and treated (injured and treated with 5 applications of ultrasound, interspersed by 2 days of rest, beginning 24 hours after the osteotomy). Euthanasia was performed at experimental periods of 7 and 14 days. The right hind limb was removed for radiologic analysis. The blood was collected via cardiac puncture to determine the serum alkaline phosphatase activity.ResultsThe bone fractures had not been completely consolidated in the treated and control group when analysis of the bone took place. At day 7, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the treated group (mean ± SD, 72.17 ± 7.02 U/L) compared to the control (65.26 ± 8.41 U/L) and reference (67.21 ± 7.86 U/L) groups. At day 14, higher alkaline phosphatase activity was seen in the control group (68.96 ± 8.12 U/L) compared to the treated (66.09 ± 8.46 U/L) and reference (67.14 ± 7.96 U/L) groups.ConclusionsThe biochemical and radiologic results suggest that low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound can be used as an auxiliary method to consolidate fractures and probably reduces the bone healing time, offering clinical benefits.
Using VisANT to Analyze Networks
Authors: Hu Zhenjun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractVisANT is a Web‐based workbench for the integrative analysis of biological networks that offers unique features such as exploratory navigation of interaction network and multi‐scale visualization and inference with integrated hierarchical knowledge. It provides functionalities for convenient construction, visualization, and analysis of molecular and higher‐order networks based on functional (e.g., expression profiles, phylogenetic profiles) and physical (e.g., yeast two‐hybrid, chromatin‐immunoprecipitation, and drug target) relations from either the Predictome database or user‐defined data sets. Analysis capabilities include network structure analysis, over‐representation analysis, expression enrichment analysis, etc. Additionally, networks can be saved, accessed, and shared online. VisANT is able to develop and display meta‐networks for meta‐nodes that are structural complexes, pathways, or any kind of sub‐networks. Further, VisANT supports a growing number of standard exchange formats and database‐referencing standards, e.g., PSI‐MI, KGML, BioPAX, and SBML (in progress). Multiple species are supported to the extent that interactions or associations are available (i.e., public datasets or Predictome database).Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 45:8.8.1‐8.8.39. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Common File Formats
Authors: Mills Lauren 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn overview of the many file formats commonly used in bioinformatics and genome sequence analysis is presented, including various data file formats, alignment file formats, and annotation file formats. Example workflows illustrate how some of the different file types are typically used. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 45:A.1B.1‐A.1B.18. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acquiring, Recording, and Analyzing Pathology Data from Experimental Mice: An Overview
Authors: Scudamore Cheryl L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPathology is often underutilized as an end point in mouse studies in academic research because of a lack of experience and expertise. The use of traditional pathology techniques including necropsy and microscopic analysis can be useful in identifying the basic processes underlying a phenotype and facilitating comparison with equivalent human diseases. This overview aims to provide a guide and reference to the acquisition, recording, and analysis of high‐quality pathology data from experimental mice in an academic research setting. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:1‐10. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fault estimation and accommodation for networked control systems with nonuniform sampling periods
Authors: Aibing Qiu , Bin Jiang , Chenglin Wen , Zehui Mao 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper deals with the problem of fault estimation and accommodation for a class of networked control systems with nonuniform uncertain sampling periods. Firstly, the reason why the adaptive fault diagnosis observer cannot be applied to networked control systems is analyzed. Based on this analysis, a novel robust fault estimation observer is constructed to estimate both continuous‐time fault and system states by using nonuniformly discrete‐time sampled outputs. Furthermore, using the obtained states and fault information, a nonuniformly sampled‐data fault tolerant control law is designed to preserve the stability of the closed‐loop system. The proposed scheme can not only guarantee the impact of continuous‐time uncertainties and discrete‐time sampled estimation errors on the faulty system to satisfy a H ∞  performance index but also repress the negative effect of the unknown intersample behavior of continuous‐time fault by use of an inequality technique. Finally, simulation results are included to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.