bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senile Degenerative Brain Lesions and Dementia
Authors: Morimatsu Mitsunori , Hirai Shunsaku , Muramatsu Atsushi , Yoshikawa Masaki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn a study of senile degenerative lesions—including Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes, senile plaques and amyloid angiopathy—the hippocampal area of the brain was examined by thioflavine T fluorescence microscopy in 146 consecutive autopsy patients over the age of 49. The incidence and quantity of neurofibrillary changes and senile plaques rose with age, and an approximate positive correlation in quantity was noted among the three kinds of degenerative change. The quantity of neurofibrillary lesions and senile plaques was significantly different between the demented and non‐demented patients, but not between the severely and less severely demented patients. The cause of dementia was studied retrospectively, based on the extent of morphologic changes in the brain, thus classifying dementia into three types: degenerative, vascular, and mixed. Clinically, the mixed type resembled the vascular type with regard to major neurologic signs, and there was some similarity to the degenerative type with regard to mental features.
Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia in the Aged by A Simplified Surgical Approach (Percutaneous Electrocoagulation)†
Authors: Tew John M. , Lockwood Pamela , Mayfield Frank H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTrigeminal neuralgia can be excruciatingly painful. For aged patients, among whom trigeminal neuralgia most commonly occurs, medical therapy may often afford relief of pain. However, since this disorder is likely to become worse with increasing age, medical therapy eventually may fail because of increasing drug requirements and intolerable side effects. Major forms of surgical treatment requiring craniotomy may afford longstanding relief but are associated with significant side effects in 3–5 per cent of cases. For these reasons the authors began to test a new surgical approach, i.e., stereotaxic percutaneous electrocoagulation of the trigeminal nerve. More than 300 patients have been treated by this technique in the past five years. Successive radiofrequency lesions allow the production of a graded sensory deficit sufficient to relieve pain while preserving touch and motor function in the face. Unnecessary suffering from the severe pain of trigeminal neuralgia need not occur because of age or a debilitated condition which might ordinarily preclude surgical treatment. More than 100 patients over 65 years of age (4 of them older than 90) have been treated. Of this group, 93 per cent reported good to excellent results. Seven per cent have had some recurrent pain during the follow‐up period; however, recoagulation has been required in only 5 per cent of these patients. Recoagulation may be readily performed in any patient who shows evidence of fading of the sensory deficit. The electrocoagulation technique and the results in elderly patients are discussed.
Combination Drug Therapy for the Psychogeriatric Patient: Comparison of Dosage Levels of the Same Psychotropic Drugs, Used Singly and in Combination
Authors: Fracchia J. , Sheppard C. , Canale D. , Ruest E. , Cambria E. , Merlis S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe dosage levels for a number of frequently prescribed psychotropic drugs, used singly or in combination, were determined in 902 long‐term psychogeriatric hospital patients. The data failed to support the hypothesis that physicians prescribe lower dosages when combination therapy is used. Rather, the tendency was toward higher dosages under these circumstances.
Treatment Goals in Geropsychiatry†
Authors: Gagliano Louis , Gianturco Daniel , Ramm Dietolf 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTEach geriatric patient has observable problems which can generate treatment goals implemented by a treatment plan. Extensive record keeping would be required to document this tripartite scheme. In practice, either problem‐oriented or goal‐oriented records are used. Problem records tend to drift toward a goal concept, since problems are usually stated in only sufficient detail to serve as a guide to treatment. The results of a problem‐oriented format are described for 143 state hospital patients whose mean age was 74 years. The most common number of problems was 5 per patient. Physical problems were the most frequent (N = 456), followed by behavioral (N = 203), thought‐related (N = 156), administrative (N = 99), affective (N = 69), and attitudinal (N=10). The authors’ experience with both systems leaves them with a preference for the problem‐oriented system with geriatric patients since physical problems are so numerous.
A Psychogeriatric Assessment Program. I. Social Functioning and Ward Behavior†
Authors: Dastoor D. P. , Norton S. , Boillat J. , Minty J. , Papadopoulou F. , Müller H. F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTEighty newly admitted psychogeriatric patients were intensively investigated by a variety of disciplines — medical, laboratory, and psychologic‐psychiatric tests, including a Minimal Social Behavior Scale and an Integrative Social Functioning Scale. The sample of patients and methods of study for this 10‐month Geriatric Assessment Program are described. Assessment of present and past social functioning revealed good agreement between ratings made by different staff members. A decline in social functioning with time differentiated organic from functional psychiatric illness. Some of the scales employed may be of value for social screening purposes in the community.
The Use of Psychoactive Drugs in Elderly Patients with Psychiatric Disorders: Survey Conducted in Twelve Veterans Administration Hospitals
Authors: Prien Robert F. , Haber Paul A. , Caffey Eugene M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA survey conducted at 12 VA hospitals included the collection of detailed information on the use of psychoactive drugs in 1,276 elderly psychiatric patients. On the day of the survey, 61 per cent of the patients were receiving psychoactive drugs. Prescription practices relating to the choice of drugs, prevalence of drug use, dosage, combination drug preparations, and antiparkinson agents are discussed in terms of such factors as the patient's age and the diagnosis. Also discussed is the literature on psychoactive drugs, particularly as it pertains to elderly populations.
Mass Screening for Coronary Risk Factors in 2,524 Asymptomatic Adults
Authors: Aronow Wilbert S. , Allen William H. , De Cristofaro Dominic , Ungermann Suzanne , Wan Maurice K. C. , Chun George M. H. , Leik Donald W. , Savitz Saul P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of coronary risk factors was assessed in 2,524 asymptomatic adults in Long Beach, California. Hypercholesterolemia (serum cholesterol level >250 mg/100 ml) was present in 725 subjects (28.8 per cent), hypertriglyceridemia (serum triglyceride level ≥150 mg/100 ml) in 497 (19.7 per cent), and an abnormal lipoprotein pattern in 813 (32.2 per cent). Of the 2,524 subjects, 233 (9.2 per cent) had a blood pressure above 140/90 mm Hg and 116 (4.6 per cent) has a blood pressure above 150/100 mm. There were 1,043 cigarette, cigar, or pipe smokers (41.3 per cent). Fifty subjects (2.0 per cent) had a fasting blood sugar level above 120 mg/100 ml, 48 (1.9 per cent) had abnormal triceps skinfold thickness, and 382 (15.2 per cent) weighed 20 per cent or more above the desirable weight. The electrocardiogram during rest was definitely abnormal in 183 subjects (7.3 per cent). On the basis of these data it is evident that in many asymptomatic adults, risk factors predisposing to coronary disease are not being detected or treated.
Effects of Relocation on Chronically Ill Geriatric Patients of a Medical Unit: Mortality Rates†
Authors: Zweig J. P. , Csank J. Z. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe entire general medical unit of Ste. Anne's Hospital for disabled elderly veterans was moved into a new modern building on July 13, 1971. Roughly, about 350 patients were involved. In anticipation of the move, a program of preparation of the patients was organized to prevent if possible the dramatic increases in the mortality rate reported in some earlier studies of relocated geriatric populations. The principal finding with regard to mortality was a significant decrease of 6.82 per cent after the relocation when compared with the mortality rate for the previous year. The highly appreciated air‐conditioning system in the new building, representative of modern improvements, may have helped to a minor degree. A much more important factor was the well organized program for preparation of the patients, skillfully carried out by a conscientious staff.
Immunobiology of Aging*
Authors: MAKINODAN T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Normal immune functions can begin to decline shortly after an individual reaches sexual maturity. Although changes in cellular environment are partially responsible, the decline is due primarily to changes within the cells, especially the T cells and to some extent the stem cells. This is reflected in their inability to proliferate and differentiate efficiently. What needs to be resolved is whether the altered properties of T cells and stem cells are permanent or reversible and, if permanent, whether they are due to a stochastic or a genetically programmed event. The decline with age in certain normal immune functions is associated with an increase in the frequency of autoimmune and immune complex diseases, certain types of cancer, and viral and fungal infections. These diseases compromise normal immune functions in short‐lived strains of mice. In long‐lived mice and in humans, however, the decline in immune functions to threshold levels seems to predispose in‐individuals to illness.Three general approaches recently have been used to improve the immune system of aging mice: a) dietary manipulation, b) drug therapy, and c) cellular therapy. Preliminary results of ongoing studies have been most encouraging. Future immu‐nopathogenic studies of aging mice with such an improved immune system should clarify the role of fidelity of the immune system in diseases of the aged. The immune system continues to serve as an excellent model for: a) the etiology of aging at the cellular and molecular levels, b) the pathogenesis of aging, and c) effective approaches to improve the quality of life for the aged.
Examination of the Back in the Geriatric Patient†
Authors: Mayne John G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTOlder people often complain of back pain, but it usually is not a major complaint except in the presence of serious disease such as malignancy, compression fractures from osteoporosis, or disc‐space infections. When back pain is a serious symptom in the elderly patient, the physician should look beyond the obvious evidences of degenerative joint disease for these other more serious conditions. Satisfactory examination of the back does not require an undue amount of time. It is important that it be done systematically. Simple, rapid, and adequate procedures are described.
Current Status of Total Joint Replacement in the Upper Extremity†
Authors: Beckenbaugh Robert D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe principles of total joint arthroplasty recently have been expanded to the upper extremity, following the dramatic success with total hip and total knee replacement procedures. New problems have been encountered with the rebalancing of the soft tissues and the technical nature of joint mechanics in the upper extremities. Work on shoulder joint replacement is in the very early stages and of unknown success. Several prostheses are being used and tested. For elbow and wrist replacement, early and predictable success has been accomplished, enabling relief of pain and satisfactory motion. Total joint replacement in the fingers and thumb has provided excellent relief of pain but has been hindered by difficulties in rebalancing the soft tissues in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It appears that total reconstruction of arthritic upper‐extremity joints will be commonplace in the not‐too‐distant future. Clinical trials are being expanded, with increasing success.
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the Elderly Arthritic Patient†
Authors: Schutt Ann H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe basic conservative therapy programs for elderly patients with arthritis include adequate physical rest and mental relaxation, analgesics, aspirin, and physical rehabilitation consisting of occupational and physical therapy with a good home therapy program providing appropriate balance between rest and activity. Proper protection from trauma and overuse of the involved joints, and appropriate nutrition can afford optimal improvement in health status and general resistance. Proper orientation of the patient regarding the nature of his disease and treatment program usually is required to obtain his full cooperation. A kind, encouraging, and understanding approach is most helpful in the elderly patient. Physical rehabilitation can help to relieve pain, decrease edema and deformities, improve muscle weakness and incoordination, and increase stamina. Difficulties with gait, transfers, and self‐care can be solved or improved. Physical medicine and rehabilitation measures are important components of the challenging treatment of patients of all age groups who are afflicted with severe arthritis. It is most important to tailor these components of the treatment program to the problem presented by geriatric arthritic patients.
Acquired Hemophilia: A Case Report
Authors: Seth H. K. , Frohnsdorff K. G. E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA case of acquired hemophilia is presented. Widespread blisters and then ecchymoses developed in a 79‐year‐old woman who was severely demented. Laboratory studies revealed specific complete inhibition of factor VIII in the blood. In any elderly patient with a bleeding diathesis and an abnormality in intrinsic coagulation, the presence of inhibitors to factor VIII should be suspected.
Endometrial Screening of Asymptomatic Women by Irrigation Technique in the Private Gynecology Office
Authors: Casey Murray Joseph , Madden Thomas J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA study was made of 201 asymptomatic women over age 40 (range, 40–74 years) who underwent uterine sounding and endometrial screening by the negative‐pressure jet irrigation technique, without anesthesia, in private gynecologists’ offices. Introduction of the irrigator was accomplished in 88 percent of these patients. In 97 percent of the successful irrigations, the specimens obtained were satisfactory for cytologic and histologic diagnosis of neoplasia. No occult endometrial carcinomas were discovered. The factors which interfered with endometrial screening by these methods are analyzed. Cervical stenosis prevented endometrial irrigation in 13 of the 24 unsuccessful attempts. Acceptance by the patients was high, in that 74.2 percent reported slight or no discomfort and only 4.7 percent complained of severe discomfort. Although 12.5 percent experienced pelvic cramping after irrigation, no other significant side effects were observed. The results of this investigation indicate the feasibility of using the endometrial irrigation technique for massive screening studies of asymptomatic women who are at risk for the development of endometrial carcinoma.
The Electroencephalogram in the Middle‐Aged and the Elderly
Authors: Roubicek J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA survey was made of the electroencephalographic (EEG) changes during the human lifespan. It was found that the EEG changes during childhood and adolescent maturation continue even between the ages of 30 and 60 years. There is a decrease in the abundance of alpha activity, with a reduction in the fast part and a relative increase in the slow part of the alpha band. In the span of life between 60 and 90, there is an increase of slow waves with a progressive slowing during the aging process and a shift in the dominant frequency from 9 cps to 7 cps. Computerization of results in the beta band (above 13 cps) enables differentiation of the waves of the lower part (13–25 cps) from those of the upper part (above 25–30 cps). The lower part of the beta band decreases parallel to the alpha activity but the upper part of the beta band increases in amount during the aging process. The meaning of the divergent behavior of these sub‐groups of beta activity in the aged is discussed. The EEG seems to be an important factor in the study of aged persons.
Cyclandelate: Effect on Circulatory Measurements and Exercise Tolerance in Chronic Arterial Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs
Authors: Reich Theobald 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThirty‐nine patients with arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs were treated with cyclandelate or placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over study, to evaluate the effect of this drug on symptomatic and physiologic indicators of circulatory status. The following measurements were used: skin temperature of the big toe and dorsum of the foot; blood flow in the calf at rest and after exercise on a foot ergometer to the point of claudication; walking distance to the development of claudication; exercise tolerance on a foot ergometer; and reflex vasoconstriction on the skin of the toe in response to cooling of the upper extremities. During treatment with cyclandelate, significant improvement occurred in each of these measures of circulatory efficiency.
Aortic Medial Calcification in Progeria‐Like Syndrome†
Authors: Ishii Toshiharu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAortic medial calcification was investigated in rats in which the progeria‐like syndrome (PLS) was evoked by administering dihydrotachysterol. In 35 experimental rats and 15 controls, calcification was studied morphologically by light and electron microscopy, and by enzyme histochemistry. Body weight, food intake and serum calcium levels were also determined. Calcification occurred along and on the elastic lamellae in association with the accumulation of ground substance. In the smooth‐muscle cells surrounding the calcified foci, the activities of various lysosomal enzymes increased concomitantly with a tendency toward transformation of smooth‐muscle cells to a modified form. From these observations, the role of ground‐substance formation by smooth‐muscle cells is postulated, and participation in the catabolism of ground substance by the lysosomal enzymes of these cells is suggested. It appears the increased activity of adenosine monophosphatase should be linked to the calcification. The etiology of weight loss, skin manifestations and aortic calcification in PLS rats seems to be different from that in human progeric diseases. Therefore, the PLS rat should not be readily accepted as an animal model for the study of progeric diseases.
Effect of L‐Dopa on Polycythemia
Authors: Herishanu Y. , Rosenberg P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA patient with Parkinson's disease, in whom polycythemia vera was known to be present for several years prior to the onset of parkinsonian symptoms, received treatment with a preparation consisting of L‐dopa plus a decarboxylase inhibitor (Madopar). Improvement in the parkinsonian symptoms was associated with marked improvement in the polycythemia. A therapeutic trial of the same L‐dopa preparation in 2 other patients with polycythemia had similar effects. The cases are presented and the possible central therapeutic effect of L‐dopa is discussed.
Senile Dementia: Treatment with Deanol†
Authors: Ferris Steven H. , Sathananthan Gregory , Gershon Samuel , Clark Cathy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTRecent research indicates a possible cholinergic involvement in memory processes and thus the possibility that acetylcholine deficiency may underlie memory impairment in senile dementia. Deanol (2‐dimethylaminoethanol), which is assumed to increase brain acetylcholine, was given openly for 4 weeks to 14 senile outpatients, to determine the safety of the drug and whether or not it reduces cognitive impairment. The dosage was gradually increased to 600 mg three times daily during the first two weeks, with no adverse effects. Ten patients improved globally and 4 were unchanged (p < .01). The total score on the Sandoz Clinical Assessment‐Geriatric (SCAG) was lowered by the third week (p < .01), primarily as a result of reduced depression, irritability and anxiety, and increased motivation‐initiative. However, neither the clinical ratings nor an extensive pre‐ versus post‐treatment series of cognitive tests revealed changes in memory or other cognitive functions. Since a similar separate study with a different compound produced no behavioral changes, it is unlikely that the improvement with deanol was due entirely to placebo effects. The results thus suggest that although deanol may not improve memory, it may produce positive behavioral changes in some senile patients.
Calcium Metabolism in Aging Inhabitants of Mountain versus Seacoast Communities in the Kii Peninsula
Authors: Fujita Takuo , Okamoto Yukiharu , Tomita Tateo , Sakagami Yoshiyuki , Ota Kiichiro , Ohata Masahiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA survey was conducted on age‐related changes in various measures of calcium metabolism in 609 men and women over the age of 30 (more than half were over the age of 60) in two communities of the Kii Peninsula at the central southern tip of the Japanese mainland. One community was on Oshima Island, with adequate nutritional intake; the other community was in the mountainous Shichikawa district, with a low intake of calcium and protein. The subjects of the Shichikawa study showed shorter stature, higher prevalence of lumbago, thinner clavicular cortex, lower serum levels of phosphorus, total protein and cholesterol, and a higher level of alkaline phosphatase than did the subjects of the Oshima study. There was no difference in the serum calcium levels.
Differentiation of the Dementias of Old Age by Ultrasonic Doppler Flowmetry: A Pilot Study
Authors: Cole M. , Kraehenbuhl B. , Richard J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAt the Bel‐Air Psychiatric Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland, the technique of ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry was used to examine the internal carotid arteries of 30 aged patients — 10 with cerebral degenerative dementia, 10 with cerebrovascular dementia, and 10 without dementia. An index of cerebrovascular resistance was calculated. Apparently this index can distinguish a group of vascular dementias from a group of degenerative dementias.
Sideroblastic Anemia in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Strauss Z. , Sirkis I. , Himmelstein N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA 91‐year‐old man had been treated for iron‐deficiency anemia for four years before admission to the Geriatric Unit of the Hasharon Hospital because of cardiac insufficiency and epigastric pain. In the Unit, laboratory studies revealed, in addition to hypochromic anemia, a high level of plasma iron and a reduced iron‐binding capacity. The low reticulocyte count in the peripheral blood despite hyperplasia in the bone‐marrow erythrocyte series, the rapid disappearance of radioactive iron from the plasma, and the impaired erythrocytic uptake of iron were all indicative of ineffective erythropoiesis. The findings suggested the possibility of sideroblastic anemia, and examination of bone‐marrow aspirates stained for iron confirmed this diagnosis.