bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermediate doses of cytarabine plus granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor as an effective and safe regimen for hematopoietic stem cell collection in lymphoma patients with prior mobilization failure
Authors: Calderón‐Cabrera Cristina , Carmona González Magdalena , Martín Jesús , Ríos Herranz Eduardo , Noguerol Pilar , De la Cruz Fátima , Carrillo Estrella , Falantes Jose F. , Parody Rocío , Espigado Ildefonso , Pérez‐Simón Jose A. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundHigh‐dose chemotherapy supported by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an effective treatment for patients with lymphomas. However, failure to reach the minimum threshold of hematopoietic stem cells to proceed to ASCT may occur, even with the most effective strategies currently available.Study Design and MethodsWe report on 33 patients diagnosed with lymphoma who had at least one prior mobilization failure and received cytarabine at a dose of 400 mg/m2/day intravenously × 3 days plus granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) 10 to 12 μg/kg/day as mobilization regimen. The median number of previous lines of chemotherapy was three.ResultsThirty‐two of 33 patients (96.8%) reached the target CD34+ cell dose (>2 × 106/kg). The mean (range) number of apheresis procedures was 1.8 (1‐3) with 4.69 × 106 (1.5 × 106‐6.8 × 106)/kg CD34+ cells obtained. All but one patient received chemomobilization in the outpatient department. Severe infections or treatment‐related mortality were not observed. All patients that received ASCT (31/33) engrafted without requiring G‐CSF during the posttransplant period.ConclusionThis study shows that cytarabine at intermediate doses plus G‐CSF in patients diagnosed with lymphoma who had a prior mobilization failure is a feasible and effective mobilization regimen.
Application of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter to nonreference condition dosimetry in the postal dose audit system
Authors: Mizuno Hideyuki , Fukumura Akifumi , Fukahori Mai , Sakata Suoh , Yamashita Wataru , Takase Nobuhiro , Yajima Kaori , Katayose Tetsurou , Abe‐Sakama Kyoko , Kusano Yohsuke , Shimbo Munefumi , Kanai Tatsuaki 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to obtain a set of correction factors of the radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RGD) output for field size changes and wedge insertions.Methods:Several linear accelerators were used for irradiation of the RGDs. The field sizes were changed from 5 × 5 cm to 25 × 25 cm for 4, 6, 10, and 15 MV x‐ray beams. The wedge angles were 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°. In addition to physical wedge irradiation, nonphysical (dynamic/virtual) wedge irradiations were performed.Results:The obtained data were fitted with a single line for each energy, and correction factors were determined. Compared with ionization chamber outputs, the RGD outputs gradually increased with increasing field size, because of the higher RGD response to scattered low‐energy photons. The output increase was about 1% per 10 cm increase in field size, with a slight difference dependent on the beam energy. For both physical and nonphysical wedged beam irradiation, there were no systematic trends in the RGD outputs, such as monotonic increase or decrease depending on the wedge angle change if the authors consider the uncertainty, which is approximately 0.6% for each set of measured points. Therefore, no correction factor was needed for all inserted wedges. Based on this work, postal dose audits using RGDs for the nonreference condition were initiated in 2010. The postal dose audit results between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. The mean difference between the measured and stated doses was within 0.5% for all fields with field sizes between 5 × 5 cm and 25 × 25 cm and with wedge angles from 15° to 60°. The standard deviations (SDs) of the difference distribution were within the estimated uncertainty (1SD) except for the 25 × 25 cm field size data, which were not reliable because of poor statistics (n = 16).Conclusions:A set of RGD output correction factors was determined for field size changes and wedge insertions. The results obtained from recent postal dose audits were analyzed, and the mean differences between the measured and stated doses were within 0.5% for every field size and wedge angle. The SDs of the distribution were within the estimated uncertainty, except for one condition that was not reliable because of poor statistics.
Effects of a One-Year Home-Based Case Management Intervention on Falls in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Möller Ulrika Olsson , Kristensson Jimmie , Midlöv Patrik , Ekdahl Charlotte , Jakobsson Ulf 
Published: October 2014

Objectives:To investigate the effects of a home-based one-year case management intervention in older people with functional dependency and repeated contact with the health care services on self-reported falls and self-reported injurious falls.Methods:The study was a randomized controlled trial with repeated follow-ups. The sample (n = 153) was consecutively and randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 80, mean age = 81.4 [SD 5.9]) or control group (n = 73, mean age = 81.6 [SD 6.8]). The intervention group received a case management intervention which comprised monthly home visits during 12 months by nurses and physiotherapists employing a multifactorial preventive approach.Results:In the intervention group, 96 falls occurred during the intervention period compared with 85 falls in the control group (p = .900). There were 40 and 38 injurious falls (p = .669) in the intervention and control groups, respectively.Conclusions:This home-based case management intervention was not able to prevent falls or injurious falls.
Investigation of In-Water and Dry-Land Training Programs for Competitive Swimmers in the United States
Authors: Tate Angela , Harrington Shana , Buness Melissa , Murray Susan , Trout Caitlin , Meisel Corinne 
Published: October 2014

Context:Youth- through masters-level competitive swimmers incur significant shoulder pain. Risk factors associated with shoulder pain include high swimming yardage, a lack of cross-training, decreased shoulder strength and reduced core endurance, and limited posterior shoulder and pectoral length. Since training, swimming exposure, and physical-performance measures have all been associated with shoulder pain, the methods used to train swimmers may influence the development of shoulder pain, yet studies delineating training methods are lacking.Objectives:To identify in-water and dry-land practices among youth- through masters-level swimmers in the United States (US) and describe the potential effects of training practices on swimmers’ shoulders.Design:A Web-based survey was developed to identify common training practices in 5 areas: quantification of swimming and dry-land training and in-water techniques such as kicking drills, upper-body stretching, shoulder and core strengthening, and cross-training.Participants:156 swim-team coaches or captains of youth, high school, and college swim teams and 196 masters swimmers participated (N = 352). There was geographic representation from across the US.Results:Responses indicated diverse training practices. However, most respondents used kicking drills, which may provoke shoulder pain due to prolonged poor positioning. High yardage swum by high school and college teams increases their risk of shoulder tendinopathy. Stretching and strengthening exercises and dosages commonly used were inconsistent with current research recommendations and lacked specificity in terms of addressing typical mobility restrictions and muscle weaknesses described in the swimming literature. Core strengthening and cross-training are frequently performed.Conclusions:Several areas of in-water and dry-land practice were identified that may put swimmers’ shoulders at risk for injury. Further research regarding the safety and efficacy of training programs is recommended to determine optimal methods of injury prevention and performance enhancement.
Immune Markers Predictive of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in HIV-Infected Youth
Authors: McGuire Jennifer L. , Kempen John H. , Localio Russell , Ellenberg Jonas H. , Douglas Steven D. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate possible associations between systemic immune dysregulation (activated CD8+T lymphocytes and natural killer [NK] cell count/function) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in youth with horizontally (behaviorally) acquired HIV infection. This secondary analysis of a previously collected prospective cohort included 323 youth with horizontally acquired HIV infection enrolled in the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health (REACH) cohort of the NICHD/NIH. A multivariable linear regression model with generalized estimating equations for intraindividual repeated measures was used to examine the relationship between flow cytometry measurements of activated T lymphocytes (CD8+CD38+), NK cells (CD3−CD16+CD56+), and NK cell functional activity (lytic units per NK cell and per peripheral blood mononuclear cell) and their association with subsequent symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale) and anxiety (Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale). Higher measures of NK cell functional activity were associated with fewer anxiety symptoms measured 12 months later in crude and adjusted analyses. Higher counts of activated T cells were associated with fewer depression symptoms measured 12 months later in adjusted analysis. NK cell function and activated T-lymphocyte count may be related to subsequent symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Systems Immunology Reveals Markers of Susceptibility to West Nile Virus Infection
Authors: Qian Feng , Goel Gautam , Meng Hailong , Wang Xiaomei , You Fuping , Devine Lesley , Raddassi Khadir , Garcia Melissa N. , Murray Kristy O. , Bolen Christopher R. , Gaujoux Renaud , Shen-Orr Shai S. , Hafler David , Fikrig Erol , Xavier Ramnik , Kleinstein Steven H. , Montgomery Ruth R. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWest Nile virus (WNV) infection is usually asymptomatic but can cause severe neurological disease and death, particularly in older patients, and how individual variations in immunity contribute to disease severity is not yet defined. Animal studies identified a role for several immunity-related genes that determine the severity of infection. We have integrated systems-level transcriptional and functional data sets from stratified cohorts of subjects with a history of WNV infection to define whether these markers can distinguish susceptibility in a human population. Transcriptional profiles combined with immunophenotyping of primary cells identified a predictive signature of susceptibility that was detectable years after acute infection (67% accuracy), with the most prominent alteration being decreased IL1B induction followingex vivoinfection of macrophages with WNV. Deconvolution analysis also determined a significant role for CXCL10 expression in myeloid dendritic cells. This systems analysis identified markers of pathogenic mechanisms and offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies.
Evaluation of Five Chromogenic Agar Media and the Rosco Rapid Carb Screen Kit for Detection and Confirmation of Carbapenemase Production in Gram-Negative Bacilli
Authors: Simner Patricia J. , Gilmour Matthew W. , DeGagne Pat , Nichol Kim , Karlowsky James A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
An efficient workflow to screen for and confirm the presence of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli was developed by evaluating five chromogenic screening agar media and two confirmatory assays, the Rapid Carb screen test (Rosco Diagnostica A/S, Taastrup, Denmark) and the modified Hodge test. A panel of 150 isolates was used, including 49 carbapenemase-producing isolates representing a variety of β-lactamase enzyme classes. An evaluation of analytical performance, assay cost, and turnaround time indicated that the preferred workflow (screening test followed by confirmatory testing) was the chromID Carba agar medium (bioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France), followed by the Rapid Carb screen test, yielding a combined sensitivity of 89.8% and a specificity of 100%. As an optional component of the workflow, a determination of carbapenemase gene class via molecular means could be performed subsequent to confirmatory testing.
Diagnostic Value of GeneChip for Detection of Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Patients with Differing Treatment Histories
Authors: Zhu Limei , Liu Qiao , Martinez Leonardo , Shi Jinyan , Chen Cheng , Shao Yan , Zhong Chongqiao , Song Honghuan , Li Guoli , Ding Xiaoyan , Zhou Yang , Zhu Linyang , Whalen Christopher C. , Lu Wei 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
The increasing burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses an escalating threat to national TB control programs. To assist appropriate treatment for TB patients, accurate and rapid detection of drug resistance is critical. The GeneChip test is a novel molecular tool for the diagnosis of TB drug resistance. Performance-related data on GeneChip are limited, and evaluation in new and previously treated TB cases has never been performed. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of GeneChip in detecting resistance to rifampin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) and in detecting multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in comparison with standard drug susceptibility testing (DST) and compared the results in a group of previously treated and newly detected TB patients in an urban area in southeastern China. One thousand one hundred seventy-three (83.8%) new cases and 227 (16.2%) previously treated cases were collected between January 2011 and September 2013. The GeneChip showed a specificity of 97.8% and a sensitivity of 94.8% for detection of RMP resistance and 97.3% and 70.9%, respectively, for INH resistance in new cases. For previously treated cases, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and agreement rate are 94.6%, 91.3%, and 92.1%, respectively, for detection of RMP resistance and 69.7%, 95.4%, and 86.8%, respectively, for INH resistance. The sensitivity and specificity of MDR-TB were 81.8% and 99.0% in new cases and 77.8% and 93.4% in previously treated cases, respectively. The GeneChip system provides a simple, rapid, reliable, and accurate clinical assay for the detection of TB drug resistance, and it is a potentially important diagnostic tool in a high-prevalence area.
CD4+T Cell Help Is Dispensable for Protective CD8+T Cell Memory against Mousepox Virus following Vaccinia Virus Immunization
Authors: Fang Min , Remakus Sanda , Roscoe Felicia , Ma Xueying , Sigal Luis J. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIt has been shown in various infection models that CD4+T cell help (TH) is necessary for the conditioning, maintenance, and/or recall responses of memory CD8+T cells (CD8M). Yet, in the case of vaccinia virus (VACV), which constitutes the vaccine used to eradicate smallpox and is a candidate vector for other infectious diseases, the issue is controversial because different groups have shown either THdependence or independence of CD8Mconditioning, maintenance, and/or recall response. In agreement with some of these groups, we show that THplays a role in, but is not essential for, the maintenance, proliferation, and effector differentiation of polyclonal memory CD8+T cells after infection with wild-type VACV strain Western Reserve. More important, we show that unhelped and helped anti-VACV memory CD8+T cells are similarly efficient at protecting susceptible mice from lethal mousepox, the mouse equivalent of human smallpox. Thus, THis not essential for the conditioning and maintenance of memory CD8+T cells capable of mounting a recall response strong enough to protect from a lethal natural pathogen. Our results may partly explain why the VACV vaccine is so effective.IMPORTANCEWe used vaccinia virus (VACV)—a gold standard vaccine—as the immunogen and ectromelia virus (ECTV) as the pathogen to demonstrate that the conditioning and maintenance of anti-VACV memory CD8+T cells and their ability to protect against an orthopoxvirus (OPV) infection in its natural host can develop in the absence of CD4+T cell help. Our results provide important insight to our basic knowledge of the immune system. Further, because VACV is used as a vaccine in humans, our results may help us understand how this vaccine induces protective immunity in this species. In addition, this work may partly explain why VACV is so effective as a vaccine.
Amplified and Persistent Immune Responses Generated by Single-Cycle Replicating Adenovirus Vaccines
Authors: Crosby Catherine M. , Nehete Pramod , Sastry K. Jagannadha , Barry Michael A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
Replication-competent adenoviral (RC-Ad) vectors generate exceptionally strong gene-based vaccine responses by amplifying the antigen transgenes they carry. While they are potent, they also risk causing adenovirus infections. More common replication-defective Ad (RD-Ad) vectors with deletions of E1 avoid this risk but do not replicate their transgene and generate markedly weaker vaccine responses. To amplify vaccine transgenes while avoiding production of infectious progeny viruses, we engineered “single-cycle” adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors by deleting the gene for IIIa capsid cement protein of lower-seroprevalence adenovirus serotype 6. In mouse, human, hamster, and macaque cells, SC-Ad6 still replicated its genome but prevented genome packaging and virion maturation. When used for mucosal intranasal immunization of Syrian hamsters, both SC-Ad and RC-Ad expressed transgenes at levels hundreds of times higher than that of RD-Ad. Surprisingly, SC-Ad, but not RC-Ad, generated higher levels of transgene-specific antibody than RD-Ad, which notably climbed in serum and vaginal wash samples over 12 weeks after single mucosal immunization. When RD-Ad and SC-Ad were tested by single sublingual immunization in rhesus macaques, SC-Ad generated higher gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses and higher transgene-specific serum antibody levels. These data suggest that SC-Ad vectors may have utility as mucosal vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
This work illustrates the utility of our recently developed single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad6) vector as a new vaccine platform. Replication-defective (RD-Ad6) vectors produce low levels of transgene protein, which leads to minimal antibody responses
in vivo
. This study shows that replicating SC-Ad6 produces higher levels of luciferase and induces higher levels of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-specific antibodies than RD in a permissive Syrian hamster model. Surprisingly, although a replication-competent (RC-Ad6) vector produces more luciferase than SC-Ad6, it does not elicit comparable levels of anti-GFP antibodies in permissive hamsters. When tested in the larger rhesus macaque model, SC-Ad6 induces higher transgene-specific antibody and T cell responses. Together, these data suggest that SC-Ad6 could be a more effective platform for developing vaccines against more relevant antigens. This could be especially beneficial for developing vaccines for pathogens for which traditional replication-defective adenovirus vectors have not been effective.
A Newly Isolated Reovirus Has the Simplest Genomic and Structural Organization of Any Reovirus
Authors: Auguste Albert J. , Kaelber Jason T. , Fokam Eric B. , Guzman Hilda , Carrington Christine V. F. , Erasmus Jesse H. , Kamgang Basile , Popov Vsevolod L. , Jakana Joanita , Liu Xiangan , Wood Thomas G. , Widen Steven G. , Vasilakis Nikos , Tesh Robert B. , Chiu Wah , Weaver Scott C. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

A total of 2,691 mosquitoes representing 17 species was collected from eight locations in southwest Cameroon and screened for pathogenic viruses. Ten isolates of a novel reovirus (genus
Dinovernavirus
) were detected by culturing mosquito pools on
Aedes albopictus
(C6/36) cell cultures. A virus that caused overt cytopathic effects was isolated, but it did not infect vertebrate cells or produce detectable disease in infant mice after intracerebral inoculation. The virus, tentatively designated Fako virus (FAKV), represents the first 9-segment, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus to be isolated in nature. FAKV appears to have a broad mosquito host range, and its detection in male specimens suggests mosquito-to-mosquito transmission in nature. The structure of the T=1 FAKV virion, determined to subnanometer resolution by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), showed only four proteins per icosahedral asymmetric unit: a dimer of the major capsid protein, one turret protein, and one clamp protein. While all other turreted reoviruses of known structures have at least two copies of the clamp protein per asymmetric unit, FAKV's clamp protein bound at only one conformer of the major capsid protein. The FAKV capsid architecture and genome organization represent the most simplified reovirus described to date, and phylogenetic analysis suggests that it arose from a more complex ancestor by serial loss-of-function events.

IMPORTANCE
We describe the detection, genetic, phenotypic, and structural characteristics of a novel
Dinovernavirus
species isolated from mosquitoes collected in Cameroon. The virus, tentatively designated Fako virus (FAKV), is related to both single-shelled and partially double-shelled viruses. The only other described virus in this genus was isolated from cultured mosquito cells. It was previously unclear whether the phenotypic characteristics of that virus were reflective of this genus in nature or were altered during serial passaging in the chronically infected cell line. FAKV is a naturally occurring single-shelled reovirus with a unique virion architecture that lacks several key structural elements thought to stabilize a single-shelled reovirus virion, suggesting what may be the minimal number of proteins needed to form a viable reovirus particle. FAKV evolved from more complex ancestors by losing a genome segment and several virion proteins.
Regulation of Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein Oligomerization by Phosphorylation
Authors: Turrell Lauren , Hutchinson Edward C. , Vreede Frank T. , Fodor Ervin 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
In the influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complex, the oligomerization of the nucleoprotein is mediated by an interaction between the tail-loop of one molecule and the groove of the neighboring molecule. In this study, we show that phosphorylation of a serine residue (S165) within the groove of influenza A virus nucleoprotein inhibits oligomerization and, consequently, ribonucleoprotein activity and viral growth. We propose that nucleoprotein oligomerization in infected cells is regulated by reversible phosphorylation.