bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Weixi High‐silica Granitoids in the Central Sanjiang Orogenic Belt, Southwest China: Implications for Growth of the Continental Crust
Authors: WANG Qiuyu , CHEN Shouming , ZHANG Hongrui , LI Saisai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh‐silica granitoids record the formation and evolution of the continental crust. A new intrusive complex has been recognized among silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc, Southwest China. The intrusions consist of granites, granitic porphyries, and granodiorites. Zircon U‐Pb age data indicate that the Weixi granitoids formed at 248–240 Ma and were coeval with silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc. The Weixi granitoids are enriched in Rb, Th, and U, depleted in Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have high light/heavy rare earth element ratios and slightly negative Eu anomalies. The Weixi granitoids have negative εNd(t) values (–9.8 to –7.8) and negative zircon εHf(t) values (–12.02 to –5.11). The geochemical and isotopic features suggest the Weixi granitoids were derived by partial melting of ancient crustal material. The Weixi granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks were derived from the same magma by crystal accumulation and melt extraction, respectively, and they record the formation of a continental arc in the central Sanjiang orogenic belt.
The changing post‐Brexit UK‐EU relationship and rules‐based global governance
Authors: Sowels Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn 2023, relations between the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) began taking on a more reasoned approach. The Windsor Framework, agreed in February between the Sunak government and the EU, resolved most of the tensions about trade with Northern Ireland. 2023 also witnessed a more pragmatic approach to dealing with several issues harming (British) business and unnecessarily grating post‐Brexit relations with the EU. Furthermore, the UK has shown quite staunch support for Ukraine, and Britain's geopolitical interests today are broadly similar to the EU's in a world in which the rules‐based international order underpinning global governance is greatly weakened. The nature of Brexit, however, is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future.
Women patients with small‐cell lung cancer using immunotherapy in a real‐world cohort achieved long‐term survival
Authors: He Yuling , Kong Lingdong , Ji Xumeng , Zhuo Minglei , An Tongtong , Jia Bo , Chi Yujia , Wang Jingjing , Zhao Jun , Li Jianjie , Yang Xue , Chen Hanxiao , Zhai Xiaoyu , Tai Yidi , Ding Lu , Wang Ziping , Wang Yuyan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundUsage of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has prolonged the overall survival (OS) of patients with extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). In clinical trials, males accounted for a large proportion, leading to the uncertainty of its efficacy in female patients. We therefore conducted this study to explore the efficacy and safety of using ICIs in female patients with ES‐SCLC.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled female SCLC patients and subdivided them into two groups. Group A (n = 40) was defined as ES‐SCLC patients who received first‐line standard chemotherapy with or without ICIs. Group B (n = 47) included relapsed SCLC patients who were administered with second‐line therapies. Kaplan–Meier methodology was used to calculate survival analysis. Chi‐squared tests were used to analyze the incidence of adverse events (AEs).ResultsMedian progression‐free survival (PFS) and median OS favored the ICI‐contained cohorts (Group A PFS: 8.3 vs. 6.1 months; OS: not reached vs. 11.3 months; Group B PFS: 15.1 vs. 3.3 months; OS: 35.3 vs. 8.3 months), especially in those patients who received second‐line immunotherapies. Patients who received immunotherapy had a slightly higher incidence rate of grade ≥3 AEs (Group A: 71.4% vs. 46.2%; Group B: 44.5% vs. 13.2%). Those who developed grade ≥3 AEs in first‐line ICIs cohort had a more favorable survival (PFS: 8.3 vs. 3.2 months; OS: not reached vs. 5.1 months).ConclusionsOur study suggested that female ES‐SCLC patients treated with immunotherapy tended to achieve a relatively longer survival. The incidence of AEs (grade ≥3) was higher in women patients receiving ICIs, which requires monitoring more closely.
A new tool to improve the estimates of interaction rewiring considering the whole community composition
Authors: Gómez‐Martínez Carmelo , Lázaro Amparo 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Understanding temporal dynamics in ecological networks is crucial to predict their capability to cope with global changes. Despite this, proper quantification of network dynamics still remains a challenge. Temporal dynamics are typically studied using data of interaction networks over time, through the evaluation of interaction turnover and its two components: changes related to species turnover (species gains and losses) or rewiring (switching partners among the set of species shared over time). However, with this approach based exclusively on network data, dynamics are computed similarly for species that are truly missing from the community at a given temporal period, and for species occurring in the community but that do not interact with any other. This might lead to an underestimation of the real extent of rewiring, while overestimating the species turnover component of interaction turnover.

We used data on 20 plant–pollinator communities to calculate interaction turnover components accounting also for the species that occurred in the communities at different temporal periods but did not appear in some of the temporal interaction networks (non‐interacting species) and then compared these estimates with conventional ones. Besides, we used empirical data and simulations to evaluate the extent to which dynamics estimates were affected by sampling effort when including and excluding non‐interacting species.

As expected, disregarding the non‐interacting species that occurred in the communities at different temporal periods led to the underestimation of rewiring and the overestimation of species turnover as components of interaction turnover. Effect size was moderate when independent pollinator data were included, and large when including plants or both trophic levels. Simulations indicated that, in general, considering the non‐interacting species reduced biases at the time of identifying changes due to the different interaction turnover components. Accounting for non‐interacting species was particularly important to reduce bias when sampling effort was low and when dynamics were calculated seasonally. Despite sampling effort effects, phenology was the main determinant of species' rewiring frequencies.

Our approach contributes to reducing biases and improving the estimates of interaction flexibility in networks, which are necessary to comprehend the response of communities in the face of global change.
Step selection functions with non‐linear and random effects
Authors: Klappstein Natasha J. , Michelot Théo , Fieberg John , Pedersen Eric J. , Mills Flemming Joanna 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Step selection functions (SSFs) are used to jointly describe animal movement patterns and habitat preferences. Recent work has extended this framework to model inter‐individual differences, account for unexplained structure in animals' space use and capture temporally varying patterns of movement and habitat selection.

In this paper, we formulate SSFs with penalised smooths (similar to generalised additive models) to unify new and existing extensions, and conveniently implement the models in the popular, open‐source mgcv R package.

We explore non‐linear patterns of movement and habitat selection, and use the equivalence between penalised smoothing splines and random effects to implement individual‐level and spatial random effects. This framework can also be used to fit varying‐coefficient models to account for temporally or spatially heterogeneous patterns of selection (e.g. resulting from behavioural variation), or any other non‐linear interactions between drivers of the animal's movement decisions.

We provide the necessary technical details to understand several key special cases of smooths and their implementation in mgcv, showcase the ecological relevance using two illustrative examples and provide R code to facilitate the adoption of these methods. This paper offers a broad overview of how smooth effects can be applied to increase the flexibility and biological realism of SSFs.
An interpretable machine learning‐based cerebrospinal fluid proteomics clock for predicting age reveals novel insights into brain aging
Authors: Melendez Justin , Sung Yun Ju , Orr Miranda , Yoo Andrew , Schindler Suzanne , Cruchaga Carlos , Bateman Randall 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMachine learning can be used to create “biologic clocks” that predict age. However, organs, tissues, and biofluids may age at different rates from the organism as a whole. We sought to understand how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes with age to inform the development of brain aging‐related disease mechanisms and identify potential anti‐aging therapeutic targets. Several epigenetic clocks exist based on plasma and neuronal tissues; however, plasma may not reflect brain aging specifically and tissue‐based clocks require samples that are difficult to obtain from living participants. To address these problems, we developed a machine learning clock that uses CSF proteomics to predict the chronological age of individuals with a 0.79 Pearson correlation and mean estimated error (MAE) of 4.30 years in our validation cohort. Additionally, we analyzed proteins highly weighted by the algorithm to gain insights into changes in CSF and uncover novel insights into brain aging. We also demonstrate a novel method to create a minimal protein clock that uses just 109 protein features from the original clock to achieve a similar accuracy (0.75 correlation, MAE 5.41). Finally, we demonstrate that our clock identifies novel proteins that are highly predictive of age in interactions with other proteins, but do not directly correlate with chronological age themselves. In conclusion, we propose that our CSF protein aging clock can identify novel proteins that influence the rate of aging of the central nervous system (CNS), in a manner that would not be identifiable by examining their individual relationships with age.
Social episodic memory in severe alcohol use disorder: Positive encoding bias and negative bias in accessibility of interpersonal information
Authors: Pabst Arthur , d'Argembeau Arnaud , de Longueville Xavier , de Timary Philippe , Maurage Pierre 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlterations in higher‐order social cognition are well documented in individuals with severe alcohol use disorder (SAUD). However, the basic mechanisms underpinning them are not well understood. This knowledge gap hampers the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Here, we investigated whether individuals with SAUD show abnormalities in social episodic memory processes, which may represent relevant candidate mechanisms for alterations in social cognition.MethodsRecently detoxified patients with SAUD and matched healthy controls (HCs) completed two experimental tasks. We first used a Social Recognition Task in 40 SAUD patients and 40 HCs to measure the participants' ability to implicitly memorize the facial identity and emotion of novel interpersonal cues (i.e., dynamic facial expressions of anger and happiness). We then used a Social Memory Accessibility Task in 29 SAUD patients and 30 HCs) to measure participants' access to and fluency for already existing social memories by asking them to retrieve as many specific positive and negative interpersonal events as possible within equal time limits.ResultsIn the Social Recognition Task, we found that, compared to HCs, patients with SAUD had a globally lower recognition performance for the facial identities of novel social stimuli, but a preserved bias toward positive information. Conversely, in the social memory accessibility task, patients showed greater access to and fluency for negative interpersonal memories than controls (no group differences were observed for positive ones), resulting in a negative accessibility bias.ConclusionsThis exploration of episodic social memory in individuals with SAUD showed (1) a preserved bias for the encoding of positive versus negative novel social information, and (2) greater access to negative than positive interpersonal memories. These results enhance our understanding of socio‐affective processing in individuals with SAUD and identify social memory alterations that may contribute to social cognition and interpersonal difficulties.
Trends in phase 1 oncology clinical trials across Australia; Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov 2012–2022
Authors: Hitchen Nadia , Shahnam Adel , Manoharan Sathya , Topp Monique , Mileshkin Linda , Lim Annette M , Whittle James R , Luen Stephen J , Solomon Benjamin , Lackovic Kurt , Desai Jayesh , Tran Ben 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhase 1 oncology trials provide access to new therapies and may improve cancer outcomes. Phase 1 trials conducted in the Asian‐Pacific region are increasing at a faster rate than the global trend. This study aimed to describe the changing landscape of phase 1 oncology trials in Australia in the last decade.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study reviewed phase 1 oncology trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov conducted in Australia. Phase 1 trials were included for analysis if they enrolled adults with solid organ malignancies, used at least one systemic agent, and were first registered between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2022. The number of trials, site locations, sponsor type, and drug class were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsOver the 10‐year period, ClinicalTrials.gov included 493 phase 1 clinical trials across 71 Australian sites. Most sites were in metropolitan locations; in Melbourne, trials were concentrated within selected sites, while in Sydney, trials were spread across a larger number of sites. The number of phase 1 trials per annum increased from 18 in 2012 to 75 in 2022. Since 2020, emerging biopharmaceutical companies have become the predominant sponsor type, a trend that is also seen globally. While most trial sponsors were North American (42%), there was increasing representation from Asian sponsors over the 10‐year period (6% in 2012 to 39% in 2022). Immunomodulatory (45%) and targeted approaches (44%) accounted for most drug classes used alone or in combination.ConclusionsThere are an increasing number of phase 1 trials conducted within Australia. Sponsors of phase 1 trials are increasingly from Asian countries and are more likely to be emerging biopharmaceutical companies.
Clinical overview of phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia
Authors: Ebbesen Finn , Donneborg Mette Line 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe most efficient emission spectrum of light for phototherapy is blue‐green light emission diode light with peak emission at 478 nm. In the irradiance interval of phototherapy, the relationship between efficacy and irradiance is almost linear, and it is negatively related to the haemoglobin. The action sites of phototherapy are the extravascular compartment and cutaneous blood. The most immature neonates treated aggressively had not only a lower frequency of neurodevelopmental impairment than conservatively treated, but also greater mortality. Intermittent and continuous phototherapy are assumed to be equally efficient. Home‐based fibreoptic phototherapy is effective and safe. Important progress is still occurring in phototherapy.
Physiology of lower gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Santucci Neha R. , Velez Alejandro 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, formed from the midgut and hindgut, encompasses the colon, rectum and anal canal.AimThe aim of this review is to provide an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the lower GI tract.MethodsLiterature review on anatomy and physiology of the lower GI tract, including normal motility and phases of defecation. It derives its blood supply from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries while it is innervated by the extrinsic autonomic (the thoracolumbar and sacral nerves) and the intrinsic enteric nervous system. The colon has four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa. The anal canal ends in the internal and external anal sphincters (EASs) involved in continence and defecation. The lower GI tract is predominantly involved in digestion, absorption, defecation and protection. Defecation is a complex process that requires inter‐neural (enteric and autonomic nervous systems), neurohormonal and neuromuscular coordination. It has four phases which include basal, pre‐expulsive, expulsive and end phase. High‐propagating contractions in the colon propel stool to the rectum leading to rectal distention and the recruitment of the recto‐anal inhibitory reflex. Once able, the EAS, under full conscious control, is then relaxed allowing stool to be evacuated. Other defecation reflexes include the gastrocolic, gastroileal and coloanal reflexes.ConclusionsRecent advances provide novel techniques to investigate motility patterns including high‐resolution manometry protocols with automated assessments, magnetic resonance imaging techniques for defecography, wireless motility capsules and fecobionics.
Predictive modelling of stress, anxiety and depression: A network analysis and machine learning study
Authors: Ganai Umer Jon , Sachdev Shivani , Bhushan Braj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed predictors of stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID‐19 pandemic using a large number of demographic, COVID‐19 context and psychological variables.MethodsData from 741 adults were drawn from the Boston College daily sleep and well‐being survey. Baseline demographics, the long version of the daily surveys and the round one assessment of the survey were utilized for the present study. A Gaussian graphical model (GGM) was estimated as a feature selection technique on a subset of ordinal/continuous variables. An ensemble Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm was used for prediction.ResultsGGM was found to be an efficient feature selection method and supported the findings derived from the RF machine learning model. Psychological variables were significant predictors of stress, anxiety and depression, while demographic and COVID‐19‐related factors had minimal predictive value. The outcome variables were mutually predictive of each other, and negative affect and subjective sleep quality were the common predictors of these outcomes of stress, anxiety, and depression.ConclusionThe study identifies risk factors for adverse mental health outcomes during the pandemic and informs interventions to mitigate the impact on mental health.
‘I'm a failure again, I can't do it’: Attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity
Authors: Orange Samuel T. , Roebuck Jessica , Marshall Phil , Madden Leigh A. , Vince Rebecca V. , Bell Beth T. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesLiving within a larger body brings unique challenges to exercise participation, which are poorly understood. This qualitative study explored the attitudes towards, and experiences of, exercise participation in adults with class III obesity.DesignIndividual semi‐structured qualitative interviews.MethodsWe recruited 30 adults with class III obesity (body mass index: 45.8 ± 8.6 kg/m2) from a specialist multidisciplinary weight management service. Participants took part in semi‐structured interviews while participating in a 6‐month home‐based aerobic and resistance exercise intervention. Open‐ended questions were used flexibly to explore their views and experiences of exercise, encompassing barriers, motives and perceived benefits. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were developed: (1) a web of barriers; (2) tailored exercise facilitates positive experiences; and (3) a desire to live a normal life. People with class III obesity perceived that they were unable to do exercise; a view that was attributed to perceived judgement, low physical function, pain during everyday activities and failed weight loss attempts. These complex physical and psychosocial barriers to exercise were described as contributing to exercise avoidance. High value was placed on tailored exercise that accommodates the unique needs of moving in a larger body. A desire to carry out everyday tasks underpinned motivations for exercise.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that multi‐component obesity interventions should move away from generic exercise prescriptions designed to maximize energy expenditure, and instead move towards addressing the unique physical and psychosocial needs of people who have class III obesity with tailored person‐centred and weight‐neutral exercise prescriptions.
Economic freedom for women and fertility
Authors: Lawson Kerianne 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNumerous studies in the development economics literature examine the connection between fertility and economic development. The consensus in the research is that as a nation develops and incomes rise, fertility rates decline. However, economic freedom and policies aimed at generating economic opportunities for women may also affect fertility rates. This article utilizes the Economic Freedom of the World Index, and the associated Gender Disparity Index to discuss how economic freedom and, specifically, economic freedom for women is related to fertility, and other fertility‐related outcomes.
1106. Ophrys apifera Huds.
Authors: Fay Michael F. , Raistrick Reinhild , Bazzicalupo Miriam , Sayers Brendan , Calevo Jacopo 
Published: June 2024

SummaryOphrys apifera (BEE ORCHID) is illustrated here (Plate 1106). It is a widespread species, occurring in southern and western Europe (absent from most of Scotland and Scandinavia), extending into south‐western Asia and North Africa. A detailed description is provided, with notes on habitat and cultivation. Given its wide distribution, it is not threatened; however, collection in the eastern Mediterranean for salep production may lead to a decline in populations in the region.
Dermatologic adverse events caused by biologic treatments – Pathogenesis and management
Authors: Trefzer Laura Katharina , Pilz Anna Caroline , Eyerich Kilian 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBiologics are approved for various dermatologic, allergic, rheumatic, and gastroenterologic inflammatory diseases, as well as for numerous malignancies. The dermatologic adverse events from treatment with biologics may resemble primary inflammatory diseases but differ in pathogenesis. In this article, we describe five different pathogenic mechanisms of dermatologic adverse events. By studying these mechanisms, we hope to gain valuable insights into the pathogenesis of primary inflammatory diseases. In addition, in this article, we provide recommendations for the treatment and management of the dermatological adverse events induced by biologics.
An experimental comparison of contributions in collective prevention games and public goods games
Authors: Flambard Véronique , Le Lec Fabrice , Romaniuc Rustam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn many collective action problems individuals' contributions increase the probability of a collectively favorable event rather than affect the quantity of public goods provided. Such problems, that we refer to as collective prevention games, remain largely unexplored in the literature. We fill this gap by setting up an experiment where subjects' contributions increase the probability of a fixed collective benefit or reduce the probability of a fixed negative externality. Our main result is a substantial increase in cooperation in the probabilistic loss environment compared to the deterministic one. We explore some behavioral mechanisms that could drive this result.