bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ocular tissue weights (volumes) and tissue collection techniques in commonly used preclinical animal species.
Authors: STRUBLE C , HOWARD S , RELPH J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Ocular pharmacokinetic and distribution studies are key elements for the development of ophthalmic drugs and are used to correlate drug levels in preclinical species with human dosages and exposures. The purpose of this study was to compare ocular tissue weights for five commonly used preclinical species using two collection techniques.Methods Standard ocular tissues were collected from five males and five females of each species; New Zealand white (NZW) and Dutch Belted (DB) rabbits, beagle dogs, Gottingen minipigs, and Cynomolgus monkeys. Two collection techniques were used; a collection from fresh eyes (OS, immediately following enucleation) or a collection from frozen eyes (OD, following flash freezing). A specific procedure and collection sequence was followed for each technique.Results Aqueous and vitreous humor, cornea, lens, iris‐ciliary body, retina, choroid, and sclera were collected from each species; these tissues represented mean values of 70.0‐82.0% and 84.3‐88.9% of the total eye weight, respectively, for fresh and frozen collection. Tissue recovery levels were consistently higher using the frozen collection technique. Mean combined male & female vitreous humor weights using the frozen collection were 1.41, 1.31, 2.22, 2.34, and 2.04 g for NZW & DB rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and monkeys, respectively. Other tissue weights will be compared.Conclusion Comparative ocular tissue weights are presented for common preclinical species using fresh or frozen collection techniques. Vitreous humor and other tissue weights collected by the frozen technique accurately represent the weight (and volume assuming a VH density of 1) of the total tissue for comparative purposes to human vitreous volumes.
Temporal response of the phagocytic microglia in the axotomized rat retina: optic nerve crush vs. transection
Authors: NADAL‐NICOLAS FM , JIMENEZ‐LOPEZ M , SALINAS‐NAVARRO M , NIETO‐LOPEZ L , CANOVAS‐MARTINEZ I , SOBRADO‐CALVO P , VIDAL‐SANZ M , AGUDO‐BARRIUSO M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analyze the appearance of phagocytic microglial cells (PMC) in rat retinas after optic nerve crush or transection.Methods Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from adult Sprague Dawley rats were traced with fluorogold applied to both superior colliculi. One week later, the left optic nerve was either crushed (ONC, n=32) or transected (ONT, n=32). Rats were euthanized at 2, 5, 9 and 14 days after the axotomy (n=8/group). Retinas were dissected as flatmounts and Brn3a immunodetected to identify RGCs. Retinas were photographed for each signal. Brn3a+RGCs were automatically quantified and their distribution visualized by isodensity maps. The position of each PMC found in the ganglion cell layer (identified by their transcellularly labelling with fluorogold) was dotted on the retinal photomontages. These dots were counted and graphically represented with neighbour maps.Results PMCs were observed at 2 days(43±8, ONT; 11±5, ONC). Their number increased quicker after ONT than after ONC in opposition with the loss of RGCs which was slower after ONC. The peak of PMCs was observed at 9 days after ONT and at 14 days after ONC (19,842±2534 and 19,757±1968, respectively). The appearance of PMCs and the loss of RGCs was highly correlated (r2=0.8 for both lesions). PMCs were observed across the retina and their distribution matched the retinal areas of RGC loss.Conclusion ONC induces a slower loss of RGCs than ONT, and this is followed by a slower response of microglial cells.
Comparison of corneal power and astigmatism in normal eyes using 4 different devices
Authors: HAN KE , LEE HK , HWANG HS , SHIN MC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare corneal power and astigmatism in normal subjects obtained from dual Scheimpflug analyzer (Galilei), single Scheimpflug analyzer (Pentacam), optical low coherence reflectometer (Lenstar) and autokeratometer (AR)Methods Forty‐eight eyes of 27 subjects were evaluated with 4 different devices. Steep, flat and mean keratometry (K) values and astigmatism magnitude were measured. Corneal power vectors, J0 and J45, were calculated using Jackson cross cylinder. Repeated‐measured ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis was performed to compare the measurements, and correlation was accessed by Pearson correlation test. Agreement was assessed by Bland‐Altman analysis and 95 % limit of agreement (LoA) was calculated.Results Mean K values measured by Galilei, Pentacam, Lenstar, and AR were 44.34 ± 1.03 diopters (D), 44.52 ± 1.03 (D), 44.30 ± 0.98 (D), and 44.44 ± 0.92 (D), respectively. Steep K, J0, and J45 did not show significant differences (all p > 0.05), however, mean K, flat K, and astigmatism were significantly different (p= 0.002, 0.002, 0.005, respectively). All measured parameters were significantly correlated with each other (Pearson correlation test, all p < 0.05). For corneal power and astigmatism, 95% LoA varied from 1 to 2 (D).Conclusion Even though the measurements of corneal power and astigmatism were correlated with each other, some values showed significant differences and the agreements were not good. Therefore, the measurements of each device couldn’t be used interchangeably in clinical practice.
Expression of HGF/c‐Met in control and keratoconus corneas
Authors: YOU J , ROUFAS A , WEN L , HODGE C , SUTTON G , MADIGAN M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Keratoconus (KC) is the most common primary degenerative corneal disease with a prevalence of around 1 in 2000 worldwide. A recent genome‐wide association study on potential genes associated with KC identified a significant association between KC and two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the HGF gene. The HGF/c‐Met pathway protects cells from apoptosis and is important to maintain epithelial homeostasis. In this study, we investigated if the HGF/c‐Met pathway is involved in KC by comparing HGF/c‐Met protein expression in control and KC samples.Methods HGF and c‐Met immunoreactivities in control (n=5) and KC (n=10) corneas were imaged by confocal microscopy.Basal tears were collected by capillary micropipettes from control and KC patients (n=5 each), and HGF protein expression determined by Western blot. Intracellular c‐Met (the membrane bound receptor for HGF) expression was detected by extracting proteins from both control and KC corneal epithelium (n=5 each) followed by Western blot.Results HGF and c‐Met were expressed in control and KC corneas. However,in KC obvious cytoplasmic staining of basal epithelium was noted compared to the more diffuse cytoplasmic epithelial immunostaining in control corneas. Western blot results showed that lower levels of HGF in KC tears compared to control tears, and the intracellular c‐Met expression was also weaker in KC cell lysates compared to controls.Conclusion We find that HGF/c‐met expression patterns were altered between KC and control corneas, and their expression levels were reduced in KC tears and corneal epithelium cell lysates suggesting a role for this pathway in the pathogenesis of KC. Funding: Medical School of Sydney University, Sydney Eye Hospital Foundation, Lions NSW Eye Bank
Observational comparative study of different predictive scores of infraclinic keratoconus in refractive laser surgery in case of recused patients
Authors: CHENY T , ABRIEU M , RAMBAUD C , BERGUIGA M , SENDON D , THOUVENIN R , FROUSSART‐MAILLE F , RIGAL‐SASTOURNE JC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose INTRODUCTION : The surgical laser treatment of refractive disorders is becoming more and more prevalent. Preoperative evaluation means are multiple and all seem promising in the detection of infraclinic keratoconus. Our purpose was to compare the different scores. SETTING : Review of cases, ophthalmology and refractive surgery unit, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France.Methods MATHERIAL AND METHODS : Retrospective monocentric observational study, conducted between november 2013 and may 2014. Each patient benefited from an exhaustive corneal topography assessment : Pentacam® and a Belin/Ambrosio ehancement (P/B), Orbscan® and SCORE analyzer by Gatinel & Saad (O/S), and an Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). A systematic analysis of the following was conducted : the thinnest point of pachymetry (TP), the value of maximum posterior elevation (MPE), the I‐S ratio (IS), the maximum keratometry (K max), the presence of SRAX, and the enantiomorphism.Results RESULTS : 36 myopic patients, recused from laser refractive surgery, were included, or 72 eyes. Suspect cases added up to 31 patients for P/B, 32 for O/S, and 27 for ORA (or respectively 52, 55 and 40 eyes). There were 9 cases of discordance between the different scores. The averages were respectively : 502 +/‐ 47 µm for P, 26.81 +/‐ 7.46µm for MPE, 0.78 +/‐ 0.55 for IS, 44.6 +/‐ 1.8D for K‐max.Conclusion CONCLUSION : Each of the exams and indices studied led us to detect infraclinic keratoconus, but in discordant cases, a more detailed analysis of the topographic map remains essential.
Translation of the therapeutic approach of scleral collagen crosslinking (SXL) from animal to human
Authors: RATTUNDE U , KORBER N , GOHLER C , KOCH C , KARL A , SCHULDT C , REICHENBACH A , FRANCKE M , WIEDEMANN P , ISELI HP 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose In our research project “collagen crosslinking of scleral tissue (SXL)”, the application of riboflavin and blue light has been proved as a possible therapeutic method to increase scleral stiffness. Nevertheless, it is necessary to develop a new application system applicable in human.Methods Rheology was used to investigate changes of sclera stiffness after SXL treatment. An adapted and modified blue light irradiations system has been developed to apply various blue light intensities.Results As a proof of principle, we demonstrate a dose dependent increase of scleral stiffness after application of various blue light energy dose rates. Increased biomechanical stiffness could be induced with light dose rates up to 200 mW/cm². However, the light application system used for animal surgery has serious limitations. The animal experiments revealed relevant technical parameters and helps to design a suitable substance and application system for usage in human.Conclusion The results confirm the idea that SXL by riboflavin and blue light irradiation is an applicable method to increase biomechanical stiffness of scleral tissue and therefore, it might be a treatment for pathologic myopia. For the therapeutic application in patients a special substance application and irradiation system has to be refined and developed further.
Characterization of extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in the sclera after collagen cross linking (SXL)
Authors: GOHLER C , KARL A , KORBER N , KOCH C , REICHENBACH A , WIEDEMANN P , FRANCKE M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose High myopia is characterised by excessive eye growth and mechanically weakened, thinned and stretched scleral tissue. Enhanced chemical cross linking of collagen fibrils in the sclera (SXL) is a promising therapeutic approach to stiffen the sclera and to prevent eye globe elongation. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of collagen fibril producing fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix remodelling enzymes in normal and myopic eyes and after SXL treatment.Methods We examined scleral tissue of normal rabbit eyes and after SXL treatment by means of histology and electron microscopy. We characterised expression profiles of cellular markers (e.g. Vimentin) and of relevant enzymes (e.g. MMPs) by means of RT‐PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry in cell cultures from human and rabbit scleral tissue.Results We observed altered scleral collagen fibril profiles and activated scleral fibroblasts ‐ signs of remodelling processes after SXL treatment. Fibroblasts are capable to produce and secrete collagen and different matrix‐degrading and regulatory enzymes (e.g. MMP1‐3 and 9; TIMP1‐4; LOX).Conclusion Significant remodelling processes were induced after SXL treatment and the role of each specific contributor/enzyme has to be determined for an efficient SXL treatment. increases scleral stiffness. We want to investigate the influence of relevant enzymes on remodelling processes after SXL to optimize the new and promising therapeutic approach.
Late diagnosis of donor‐to‐host herpes infection in a descemetic deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (dDALK) procedure for keratoconus: case report.
Authors: MENICACCI F , SARNICOLA E , MENICACCI C , SARNICOLA V 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To report a case of donor herpetic infection after descemetic deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (dDALK) using the big‐bubble technique in a patient with no previous history of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection.Methods A 39 year old man with a 15‐year history of keratoconus underwent an uncomplicated dDALK. Graft failure treated with excisional dDALK happened 3 times. Culture of failed donor corneas, bandage contact lens and stitches were tested for fungus and bacteria in all three explanted tissues. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV‐1 DNA was performed only on the last failed corneal graft.Results Four weeks after intervention patient developed a primary graft failure with corneal melting. Emergency DALK procedure was performed. Cultures were negative for fungus and bacteria. Graft failure occurred again during the early postoperative period. Another DALK procedure was performed. Cultures were again negative in removed tissues. In eight days the patient developed a third graft failure with corneal melting, so that a new DALK procedure had to be performed. PCR was positive for HSV‐1 DNA. Systemic acyclovir prevented a recurrence of infection and at the 6‐month and 1 year follow‐up, no signs of corneal graft failure were detected.Conclusion HSV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis with bacterial and fungal infection in early graft failure after DALK procedure. DALK allowed the repetition of corneal transplantation four times and provided enough endothelial cell density at 6‐month of follow‐up.
Adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis in relation with refractive surgery. Effects and treatment of sequelae
Authors: PEREZ NAVARRO I , DEL BUEY MA , HERERRA L , CARAMELLO C , ALMENARA C , IDOATE A , MARTINEZ M , ESTEBAN O , PEREZ GARCIA D , PINILLA I 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis (AK)can cause corneal opacities that sometimes remain in time, compromising the vision of the patient. The objetive is to show the different morphologic types of corneal affection as a consequence of AK in patients who have received refractive surgery,and to evaluate the application of refractive keratectomy with excimer laser as a possible treatment of the opacities and visual impairment caused.Methods We analyze three examples of patients with visual impairment caused by corneal opacities secondary to adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis. The first case presents central nummular opacities without refractive history; opacities are treated,by photoablation myopic and associated hyperopic. The second case presents central corneal opacities after adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis, 10 years after PRK practice, causing myopic regression;the visual and refractive result emerges after a new laser photoablation. The third case shows the peculiar corneal fibrosis which appears after AK in a patient who received past LASIK treatmentResults In the cases of opacification due to superficial corneal fibrosis, good visual and refractive results are obtained through the use of superficial photoablation with excimer laser, with the associated application of mitomycin CConclusion The morphology of the lesions observed as a consequence of AK varies in patients with no history of refractive surgery, and in patients with a history of refractive surgery Lasik and surface techniques. Refractive PTK is an alternative to the treatment of opacities in case of suitable corneas
Laser in situ keratomileusis: epidemiology and risk factors of flap folds
Authors: SENDON D , RAMBAUD C , ABRIEU M , BERGUIGA M , FROUSSART‐MAILLE F , RIGAL‐SASTOURNE JC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Flap wrinkles can be seen in 0,2‐4% of LASIK cases. Our purpose is to evaluate flap folds through 7 femto‐second cases and make a review of the literature on the epidemiology.Methods Retrospective monocentric review of 822 eyes who had flap created with the IntraLase FS60 femtosecond laser one month follow up were included between January 2012‐January 2014 in the Ophthalmology and Refractive Surgery Unit, Percy Military Hospital. Patients had an exhaustive examination with uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuities, spherical equivalent and mean keratometry (Km) were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Flap thickness were measured with SD‐OCT and optical aberrations on Zyoptix Wavefront System.Results 7 folds of 6 patients were observed (0.85% of LASIK procedures), 4 were horizontal, 1 vertical and 2 oblique. No trauma was found. All the folds involved the visual axis. Their UDVA was +0,2 logMAR (from +0,4 to 0). Mean spherical equivalent decreased from ‐4,9 D to ‐0,43 D, mean Km changed from 43 D to 39.75 D. Postoperative optical aberrations measured at 4.57 µm (+/‐ 2). Mean thickness measured to 120µm (+/‐ 8). The main causes are early trauma, flap desiccation and contraction, intraoperative misalignment, flap thinness, large photo‐ablation of myopia and cuts with microkeratome. The folds concern throughout its thickness and are the result of hyper‐hydration of proteoglycans, resulting in irregularity of Bowman's membrane and flap deformation.Conclusion Flap folds are a potentially sight‐threatening complication. Rigorous surgical technique, education and post‐operative follow‐up would reduce their frequency, identify and treat them quickly to increase visual performance.
Treatment of corneal ulcers in ocular surface inflammation
Authors: LAZREG S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose severe ocular surface inflammation can be lead to different diseases and can cause severe corneal involvementMethods 5 cases of ocular surface inflammation with severe corneal ulcers resistant to conventional treatment , all treated with à new matrix therapy agent (cacicol 20%) 1 drop a day every other day for 4 weeks , with biomicroscopic records at D0 , D3, D7, D 15 and D30.Results patients were aged between 18 to 66 years old, ocular surface inflammation was due to GVHD, severe Sjögren's Syndrome, Atopic keratoconjuctivitis, ocular pymphygoide and Stevens Johnson syndrome, all ulcers were chronic and rebels to different treatment ,at D7 we observed a decrease on VAs pain scale at D15 in all cases a total epitheliazitation of the ulcers ,Conclusion CACICOL 20® is a new ophthalmic device, derived from RGTA based matrix therapy (large biopolymers engineered to replace heparan sulfates) , wich is a revolution in treatment of chronic ulcers, in our cases it has a double effect antalgic and regenerating;
Sclero‐corneal lenses’ supply for the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with refractory ocular GvHD
Authors: RICHET M , MAGRO L , RANDON T , ERNOULD F , YAKOUB‐AGHA I , LABALETTE P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) due to chronic GvHD (cGvHD) is responsible for major alteration in quality of life of patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation . The conjunctival fibrosis induce impaired corneal and conjunctival epithelial surfaces. Treatment of KCS remains disappointing; variable success has been obtained with variety of topical treatments. Sclero‐corneal lenses bring a valid therapeutic option by creating a pre‐corneal reservoir of tears.Methods We describe the safety and efficacy of Sclero‐corneal lenses in a retrospective analysis of 7 patients with KCS due to cGvHD. All patients had superficial punctate keratitis refractory to standard treatments. Evaluation of patients was carried out by the same ophthalmologist and hematologist. OSDI score was used to evaluate ocular symptoms and Oxford score to quantify corneal damage. Visual acuity "LOG MAR" was used for comparative purposes of the study.Results All patients but one agreed to hold the lenses. The 12 eyes of the 6 remaining patients were equipped with lenses type ICD (LCS Company). All patients experienced an improvement in their quality of life with a clear improvement of dry‐eye symptoms. We observed 100% improvement in OSDI score with an average improvement of 67.08 points, 100% improvement or stability of visual acuity with an average gain of ‐0.23 LOG MAR acuity and 100% improvement or stability of the Oxford score with a mean gain of 1,917 points.Conclusion Despite its limited size, this cohort of patients treated with sclero‐corneal lenses is promising. Whenever possible, this approach should be considered in patients experiencing KCS refractory to standard treatments in cGVHD.
Ocular protection index is related to ocular surface disease index in dry eye disease patients
Authors: BADIAN R , UTHEIM TP , RÆDER S , UTHEIM Ø , CHEN X , STOJANOVIC A , EIDET JR 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess symptoms and signs in a Norwegian cohort of dry eye disease (DED) patients by investigating the relationship between Ocular Protection Index (OPI) and Ocular Surface Index (OSDI).Methods DED patients of mixed etiologies were consecutively included in the study and defined as OPIhigh (OPI ≥ 1) or OPIlow (OPI < 1). All patients received an extensive ophthalmological work‐up. Groups were compared by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).Results Three hundred and twenty nine (329) DED patients were included. Seventy‐four of the 329 patients (22%) were OPIlow, whereas 255 were OPIhigh (68%). The two groups did not differ from each other with respect to either age (P= 0.063), gender (P=0.099) or in the number of systemic prescription drugs used (P= 0.586). After controlling for the effects of gender, age and the number of systemic prescription drugs used OPIlow patients had significantly higher OSDI scores (16.9±2.0) than OPIhigh patients (13.5±1.1) (P= 0,002).Conclusion A low OPI is related to a higher symptom load, as measured by the OSDI questionnaire.
The effects of lower lid laxity on the response to dry eye treatment
Authors: LEE N , YIM H 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare the responses to dry eye treatment of patients sorted by the degree of lower lid laxity.Methods Sixty patients were grouped into three groups according to the degree of lower lid laxity. Tear break‐up times (TBUT), Schirmer test (ST) scores, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, and changes in OSDI score in each group were compared, before and at 3 months after treatment.Results TBUT, ST, and OSDI scores were not different among the three groups at baseline. TBUT improved in each group at 3 months after treatment, and no differences between groups were found. ST scores were not increased after treatment, while OSDI were improved to 22.57±5.243, 31.16±11.353, and 37.85±13.342 in the no, moderate, and high laxity groups, respectively; these improvements were statistically significant (p=0.003, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). Patients with greater than moderate lower lid laxity saw the smallest improvement in response to dry eye treatment, as assessed by change in OSDI score (p=0.005 vs. moderate laxity group, p=0.005 vs. no laxity group).Conclusion Lower lid laxity is one of the factors contributing to the manifestation of dry eye symptoms, independently of TBUT and ST scores.