bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Implementation of Distributed Temperature Survey in East Africa and East Mediterranean Region Utilizing New Coiled Tubing Technology
Authors: Shaheen Tarek , El Sherif Tamer , Hassan Wael , Kamal Salah , Nabil Emad 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Issran field is located 200 km east of Cairo-Egypt, producing from fractured dolomite reservoir 8-12 API oil gravity. The reservoir depth ranges from 1000-2000 ft, with BHP 300-500 psi and BHT of 120-200 F. The heavy oil viscosity is 4000 cp at standard conditions and the reservoir rock is oil wet with high H2S content. The high viscosity and low mobility of the Issran field heavy oil in contrast with the strong mobility and low viscosity of the formation water had extended the problem to a severe decline in hydro carbon production.
In an attempt to enhance the production, Steam injection had been deployed in the field to reduce the oil viscosity and hence enhance the mobility of the extra heavy oil. Enhancement in production has dramatically increased after implementing a new technique combining the Steam Injection with the Matrix Stimulation Engineering Utilizing the Fiber Optics Telemetry Enabled Coiled Tubing.
As the first time in the East Africa and East Mediterranean countries, the new technology deployed (Fiber Optics Telemetry Enabled Coiled Tubing) has provided a new dimension to the heavy oil thermal recovery by supplying a full Distributed Temperature Survey (DTS). Real time interpretation of the DTS data enabled the real time decision making during the Matrix stimulation treatment based on the actual downhole parameters. It also provided valuable data regarding mapping of the downhole steam injection utilizing coiled Tubing.
This paper assesses the effect of using the new technology in Coiled Tubing services utilizing the DTS Measurements during Matrix Stimulation Treatment in different wells. It analyses the Successful production enhancement that provided a new dimension to the extra heavy oil enhanced recovery efficiency. It also quantifies the economical added value resulting from the usage of DTS data in respect to conventional matrix stimulation with conventional Coiled Tubing.
Oil Families in the Western Getic Depression, Romania
Authors: Gheorghe S.. , Burneiu L.. , Diaconescu D.. , Sindilar V. D. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Unlike the petroleum which has been awaking the attention of the Romanian scientists since the end of the XIX-th century (Pilide, C.L.-1877, Cobalcescu, G.-1887) and the beginning of the XX-th century (Poni, P.-1900-1901 Edeleanu, L.-1907), geochemistry have been developing since `80 years and especially after 1990, when theoretical considerations joined modern technologies for oil and rock analyses.
Today we are at the same level like similar laboratories in the world because of the results obtained with the new generation tools.
There are relatively little geochemical information published in the last years on the characteristics of oils and their potential source rocks from Romania. This paper presents the first detailed data for oils from the western part of Romanian Getic Depression. It used gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry to obtain various biomarker ratios and isotopic analysis.
The Getic Depression constitutes the Tertiary foredeep developed in front of the Southern Carpathians and it lies from Dambovita Valley (in the east) to the Danube River (in the west), whereas in the south, down to the Pericarpathian Fault which delimits it from the Moesian Platform. For this work we selected the western part of Getic Depression between Jiu River (West) and Cerna River (East). 57 oils were analyzed after the fractionation into saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen (NSO) compound fractions, in order to get the distribution of the biomarkers.
The results of these investigations were been evaluated and interpreted using the new PC Soft: IGI. We characterized the various oil families in more detail, observing a special and interesting case of one of the analyzed fields (Ticleni) and we say now, that we better understand the petroleum system in the studied area.
Modified Black Oil PVT Properties Correlations for Volatile Oil and Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Nassar Ibrahim S. , El-Banbi Ahmed H. , Sayyouh Mohamed H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This work presents new Modified Black Oil (MBO) PVT properties (Rs, Rv, Bo, and Bg) correlations for volatile oil and gas condensate reservoir fluids. These new correlations do not require the use of fluid samples or EOS calculations. The correlations have the advantage of taking into consideration the effect of surface separator configuration (two and three stages) and conditions (separators pressures and temperatures).
The correlations were developed using fourteen actual reservoir fluid samples (7 gas condensates, 3 near critical fluids, and 4 volatile oils) spanning a wide range of fluid behavior and characteristics. Whitson and Torp method was used to generate Modified Black Oil (MBO) PVT properties that were used as a data set for correlations development.
The MBO PVT properties data points were generated by extracting the PVT properties of each sample using commercial PVT software program at twelve different separator conditions spanning a wide range of surface separator configuration and conditions to generate twelve curves for each sample. A statistical approach using a statistical software program (SPSS) was used to develop the new correlations models.
The results of the new models show reasonable agreement between Modified Black Oil PVT properties generated from the new correlations and the MBO properties extracted using Whitson and Torp method. The average absolute error in the correlations was 8.5% for volatile oils and 17.5% for gas condensates.
These correlations were also validated by comparing the results of modified black oil simulation using MBO PVT properties generated from these correlations to the results of full equation of state (EOS) compositional simulation. Also, the generalized material balance equation (GMBE) was used to calculate the initial oil/gas in place (IOIP/GIIP) for many simulated cases using PVT data generated from the new correlations and data generated from EOS models. The advantage of the new correlations comes from being the first in the industry (to the best of our knowledge) that explicitly take into consideration the effects of surface separators configurations (two or three stages) and conditions. Also, all input parameters in the correlations are readily available from field production data. These correlations do not require elaborate calculation procedures or PVT reports.
Part 1 - Heavy Oil Development: Statistical Analysis and Optimization of Well Patterns
Authors: Aladasani Ahmad , Salehi Saeed , Nygaard Runar , Bai Baojun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring the past two decades, the booking of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves has hiked, thereby rising significantly above published conventional hydrocarbon reserves. Unconventional hydrocarbon resources became economically viable in the 1990s after horizontal well designs achieved commercial application in the late 1980s (King, 1993). This milestone was preceded by the development of steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). The objective of this paper is to conduct an in-depth review of thermal Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) projects, in addition to presenting a prediction model for steam EOR and a review of heavy oil well injection/production patterns. An initial screening criterion is presented for steam EOR reservoir candidate selection, which is based on 15 categories of dataset distribution taken from 274 projects. Correlations also are provided for steam EOR project variables that significantly influence oil recovery, namely, the number of injection wells. A deterministic steam EOR prediction model has been generated to guide area development versus well patterns and targeted oil production rates. Reducing the number of horizontal (injection/production) well pairs decreases oil production significantly. However, reducing the perforation length of both the injection and the production wells does not significantly decrease oil production rates. Changing the injection well design from a horizontal to a vertical orientation notably decreases oil production rates. Neither increasing the number of injection wells or the injection and production tubing size significantly increases oil production. Perforation length and tubing size influence the voidage replacement ratio and therefore should be considered during the various stages of heavy oil field development. Horizontal injection well designs are suited to rehabilitate the voidage replacement ratio (VRR) in depleted fields. The results also indicate that the temperature gradient increases with fewer horizontal injection wells (Case 1 versus Case 2), as well as when the horizontal injection well perforation section is reduced (Case 2 versus Case 3) and when a horizontal injection well design is substituted with a vertical injection well design (Case 6).Case 6 involves the most vertical injection wells and largest tubing size diameter.
Effect of CO2 Flooding During EOR Process on the Rock Petrophysical and Electrical Properties
Authors: Abdelgawad K. Z. , Mahmoud M. A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
During the life of a producing oil field several production stages are encountered. Initially, when the field is launched to production, oil flows naturally to the surface due to existing reservoir pressure in the primary phase. As reservoir pressure drops, water is typically injected to boost the pressure to displace the oil in the secondary phase. After water flooding the remaining oil can be recovered by a variety of means such as Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection, natural gas miscible injection, and steam recovery in the final tertiary or enhanced oil recovery (EOR) phase. CO2 has the capability of invading the zones that were unswept by water, as well as releasing and reducing trapped oil.
This paper discusses some of the experimental work that have been done in the literature and trying to connect it together to address the effect of CO2 flooding on the electrical properties of carbonate rocks and this paper will motivate the reader towards a new area of research that have not been fully covered. Knowing the change of rock electrical properties with the CO2 injection will enable the monitoring of CO2 front using electrical logging survey. This process can be used in EOR or storage in brine aquifers, the status of the reservoir can be determined through the monitoring of CO2 by seismic or electrical survey.
Cost-Effective Recovery of Bypassed Reserves Using Rigless Cement Packer Completion Technique: Case History from Offshore Egypt
Authors: Mahmood Amer , Maestrami Michele , Paoli Christiano , Waheed Arshad , D'Angelo Stefano , Repetto Carmen 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In many Brownfield developments, toward the end of a well's life cycle, the primary production zone(s) commonly waters out or depletes, or the well sits idle with no alternative means of returning back to production. At this stage, as a normal course of action, the wells are re-evaluated for potential reserves that might have been bypassed during the original completion. For zones that do not appear promising or could be marginal in terms of delivery, the recompletion costs can be prohibitive. It is in such situations that "cement packer" completions performed rigless in offshore environments provide an economic alternative to workover operations. This technique can be cost-effective and has the potential to increase the producing life of a well.
This paper describes the successful application of a "cement packer" to recover bypassed reserves located above the production packer in an offshore field in the Mediterranean Sea. The technique allows zonal isolation between the various upper zones by placing cement slurry in the production tubing and casing annulus.
Conceptually, it might appear simple to perform such a job, but the planning and execution must be well formulated to ensure well integrity is maintained at all times. In this case history, the challenges of executing the job were examined from many different angles (i.e., high angle well, small platform, short weather window for operations, and multiple job sequences). The average cost was only 20 to 60% of conventional workover jobs, which is a savings of up to USD 400,000. The production results have also been encouraging. These successful results have revealed opportunities for reactivating many more shut-in wells with bypassed reserves that are currently considered economically marginal.
Establishing Higher Oil Production Capabilities: Engineered Approach Achieves Longest Lateral Hole Section in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Ajmi Hadi , Al-Barazi Nasser , Al-Rushoud Abdul-Aziz , Trivedi Ranjan , Maliekkal Harish , Ghoneim Osama , Saleh Mustafa , Nair Prakash 
Published: April 2013

AbstractKuwait Oil Company (KOC) is analyzing the feasibility of utilizing extended reach drilling to achieve a long lateral section to increase oil production in northern Kuwait. Several attempts were made to accomplish the objective with roller cone and PDC bits on various directional tools with limited success. The major problem was short bit life/cutting structure durability and steerability issues in the difficult Mauddud carbonate reservoir. A drilling optimization initiative would benefit the entire northern Arabian basin because Mauddud is an important oil reservoir with uniform thickness and extensive regional distribution.Offset analysis showed three to four TCI bits were required to drill 3000 ft of lateral hole section. PDC bits display increased durability making up to 2500 ft of hole but were pulled for low ROP and unacceptable drilling inefficiency before reaching TD. A second PDC was required to finish the lateral and gain sufficient access to the reservoir. Before the optimization project, the longest single run with PDC was 2935 ft. The average footage drilled by roller cone TCI is approximately 1500 ft with average PDC footage around 2500 ft.To improve PDC bit performance, a rock strength program was run to identify the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of Mauddud for use in an FEA-based modeling system. The software pegged the formation's UCS range between 9-15 kpsi with peaks up to 24 kpsi. Analogous rock sample files were selected and laboratory tests were performed to duplicate fundamental shearing action under the appropriate confining pressures. The resulting data was entered into the modeling system and simulations were performed with a baseline PDC to identify how lithology influences the bit/BHA and to investigate was to mitigate destructive drillstring dynamics.The engineering study produced a six-bladed PDC that drilled the longest lateral interval (5250 ft) in Kuwait through Mauddud. The bit displayed excellent steerability and completed the hole section without losing ROP. This resulted in 100% footage improvement against offset PDC runs and is more than 150% better than the best TCI performance. The completed well has provided a 200% increase in production capabilities making up to 4500 bbls/day.
New Material Balance Equation Allows for Separator Conditions Changes during Production History
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed , Fahmy Mohamed , Salah Haitham , El-Sayed Mohamed , El-Banbi Ahmed H. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In field operations of volatile oil and gas condensate reservoirs, separator conditions often change because these volatile fluids are usually separated through three and more separation stages, when wellhead pressure allows. The well stream is usually rerouted to lower pressure separators at later stages of the field life.
Although the reservoir simulation is widely used for recoverable reserves calculations, material balance equation is still used as a fast and easy method for reserves and forecast calculations. The conventional material balance equation does not allow accurate calculations for hydrocarbons in-place when separator conditions change during the history of the field production, since PVT properties are usually calculated for specific separator conditions in black-oil and modified black-oil approaches.
In this work, a new material balance equation was developed. This equation can be easily used and will allow accurate calculations of hydrocarbons in-place when separator conditions change during the production history. The inputs to the equation can be easily obtained from the equation of state model (EOS) which is used to generate the black oil or modified black oil PVT tables. In some cases, PVT properties can be also calculated at different separator conditions using newly published correlations that take separator conditions into consideration.
To validate the new equation, many reservoir fluids covering a wide range of black and volatile oil reservoirs (and their associated PVT tables) were used. The new equation was applied to calculate oil in-place using the production and pressure data from many test cases generated by fully compositional simulation (note that compositional simulation takes into consideration the effects of changing separator conditions on production data during the simulation time). The new material balance was found to give results with close agreement to the compositional simulation model.
Mastering the Risk Based Integrity Management Technique
Authors: Hegab Wael M. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This research is demonstrating the achievements done & benefits gained from developing the concept of maintaining Gasco's pipeline network from; implementing a prescriptive based approach of Inspection, Maintenance and Repair (IMR) in order, to a new trend was appearing & spreading through the pipeline operators all over the world which is Risk-Based approach within the framework of a Pipeline Integrity Management System (PIMS) which has also shown a cost effective approach.
Fishing for Talent: Strategies and Techniques for its Effective Management in Hydrocarbon Industry
Authors: Baskaran V. K. , Dani K. C. , Varyani S.. , Kumar K.. , Pokhriyal S. K. , Fernandez G. J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Uncertainties that applicable to oil & gas sector are different in scale. Hazardous and commercially very important global parameters and the priority by individuals have changed due to enhanced communication, transport facility, social detachment due to human relationships. The patriotic definitions have changed with Joint Ventures (JVs). Last century the spiritual quotient was high, and the "z" axis growth was very high. The working spirit for the cause was very high. Recently the "x" axis (material) growth has changed the social texture, "Why not me" to "why me"?
The "y" axis growth with emotional quotient has played its role. High Emotional Quotient (EQ) people occupied higher positions. But to bind everybody and deliver requires High Spiritual Quotient (SQ). The uncertainties and social injustice can be superseded by evolving people.
Our oil industry developed more on "x" axis rather on "y" axis. This resulted in reduction on "z" axis growth. Some point's worth to be noted are 1.World Drama: All the employees have to play some defined roles and excel. 2. Same level working: The senior reporting to junior by age/date of joining/date of position holding has also has changed. The previous logics do not hold good. 3. Parts of same chain: All the workers are equal parts of the chain. One least important link can cause the disaster/ zero output. This needs to be addressed. 4. Z axis growth: This helps you to work for the organization even if you (apparently) feel the fruits are taken by somebody else. 5. Writing your own arc: work for your own satisfaction. 6. Part of family/staying together and 7.Counseling and gap addressing and will be discussed in the paper.
Guiding Drilling by Look Ahead Using Seismic and LWD Data
Authors: Esmersoy C.. , Ramirez A.. , Hannan A.. , Lu L.. , Teebenny S.. , Yang Y.. , Sayers C. M. , Parekh C.. , Woodward M.. , Osypov K.. , Yang S.. , Liu Y.. , Shih C.. , Hawthorn A.. , Cunnell C.. , Shady E.. , Zarkhidze A.. , Shabrawi A.. , Nessim M.. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Seismic provides critical information for drilling, such as 3D structural images showing geological targets or hazards and formation properties relevant to drilling such as pore pressure. However, pre-drill estimates of formation pressures and structural depth images typically have large uncertainties. These uncertainties present drilling risks and could increase the cost of wells in the deepwater and other drilling environments. We present a new method that reduces the uncertainty up to large distances ahead of the bit by optimally integrating existing seismic data with new information acquired in real-time from the well being drilled.
Often the pre-drill seismic earth model remains mostly unchanged during drilling even though real-time LWD data contain significant new information about the formations being drilled. Real-time checkshot measurements provide constraints for the velocity model, real-time logs reveal formation tops, and other while-drilling information such as pressure measurements, mud weights, tests, and drilling events can be used to calibrate the earth model.
Recent advances in acquisition, processing, and integrated earth model building technologies have made this type of utilization of seismic and while-drilling well data to provide results in time for drilling decision making a reality. Results of two field tests are presented. First field work shows the ability of the technique to image a fault accurately in 3D space. The second field work demonstrates the ability to predict pore pressures up to 3000 ft ahead of the bit. Predicted pore pressures were within 0.25 ppg of the actual measured formation pressures.
Content Validity of the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: An International Delphi Survey
Authors: Jobst Andrea , Kirchberger Inge , Cieza Alarcos , Stucki Gerold , Stucki Armin 
Published: April 2013

Introduction:The “Comprehensive ICF Core Set for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD)“ is an application of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and represents the typical spectrum of problems in functioning of patients with COPD. The objective of this study was to validate this ICF Core Set from the perspective of physicians.Materials and Methodology:Physicians experienced in COPD treatment were asked about the patients’ problems treated by physicians in patients with COPD in a three-round electronic mail survey using the Delphi technique. Responses were linked to the ICF.Results:Seventy-six physicians in 44 countries gave a total of 1330 responses that were linked to 148 different ICF categories. Nine ICF categories were not represented in the Comprehensive ICF Core Set for COPD although at least 75% of the participants have rated them as important. Nineteen concepts were linked to the not yet developed ICF component personal factors and seventeen concepts were not covered by the ICF.Conclusion:The high percentage of ICF categories represented in the ICF Core Set for COPD indicates satisfactory content validity from the perspective of the physicians. However, some issues were raised that were not covered and need to be investigated further.