bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zusammenhang zwischen Transhydrogenase- und Diaphorase-Aktivität der Ferredoxin-NADP-Reduktase und der photosynthetischen NADP-Reduktion / Relationship of Transhydrogenase and Diaphorase Activity of Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase with Photosynthetic NADP Reduction
Authors: Böger Peter 
Published: February 2015

Photosynthetic NADP reduction, diaphorase and transhydrogenase activity of ferredoxin-NADP reductase (EC 1.6.99.4 or 1.6.1.1, from the alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis) are compared by studying the influence of pyridine nucleotides and 2'-AMP. Together with previous findings dealing with the role of ferredoxin in the two latter activities 7 the results can be compiled as follows:
1. Ferredoxin-NADP reductase has two binding sites: one specific site for ferredoxin and one for pyridine nucleotides whether they are reduced or oxidized.
2. There is no substantial competition between ferredoxin and pyridine nucleotides for their respective binding sites.
3. Diaphorase substrates like dichlorophenolindophenol or methylviologen do not bind at the pyridine nucleotide site. It is suggested that they bind at the ferredoxin site. In vivo, therefore, the diaphorase site of the reductase is occupied by ferredoxin and represents the electron accepting part of the reductase.
4. During transhydrogenase reaction ferredoxin-NADP reductase is reduced by NADPH via the pyridine nucleotide binding site; during NADP reductase reaction the enzyme is reduced by ferredoxin at the ferredoxin site. In both reactions, however, NADP (and other nucleotides) are reduced at the same pyridine nucleotide binding site. Transhydrogenase activity, therefore, appears to be an artefact reaction, which can be found when the isolated reductase is no more reduced by its natural substrate ferredoxin.
Untersuchungen über den Kaliumtransport in E. coli B
Authors: Zimmermann U. , Pilwat G. 
Published: February 2015

An intracellular concentration of potassium in E. coli B 525 stationary for several hours is only attained by addition of the essential amino acids histidine and leucine, or ammonium chloride, to the incubation medium. The level of the stationary intracellular potassium concentration is dependent upon the concentration of these substances.
The two other combinations of the essential amino acids (leucine/methionine and histidine/methionine) and the single amino acids show no stabilization effect upon the internal stationary potassium level.
In the case of the wild type B 163, the instability of the stationary internal potassium concentration, and the corresponding effect of the above mentioned substances, is not so significant. Therefore the instability which is observed in the case of B 525 can be deduced from the mutation.
Über den Katabolismus von Hamamelose [2-C(Hydroxymethyl)-ᴰ-ribose] / On the Catabolism of Hamamelose [2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-ᴰ-ribose]
Authors: Thanbichler A. , Gilck H. , Beck E. 
Published: February 2015

Free hamamelose [2-C- (hydroxymethyl) -ᴰ-ribose] occurs in almost all higher plants, but except a reduction to the corresponding sugar alcohol (hamamelitol) , no metabolism of this branched chain hexose could be detected in plants until now. Therefore we tried to find microorganisms which would allow us to study the catabolism of hamamelose. A strain of Pseudomonas (“H 1”), showing dependence between growth and hamamelose concentration in the medium (Fig. 1), was isolated from soil on which Primula clusiana was grown (this plant contains large amounts of hamamelose and hamamelitol). However, this organism needs citrate besides hamamelose for growth.
When “H 1” was incubated in a phosphate buffer containing only 14C-labelled hamamelose, hamamelonic acid was the sole radioactive product formed (Tables 2, 3, 4).
As no further degradation of hamamelonic acid by “H 1” could be detected, we conclude that this organism uses hamamelose as a hydrogen source only. Thus it becomes reasonable that “H 1” needs an additional carbon source (citrate) for growth.
Phosphatidylglycerin-Antiserum und seine Reaktionen mit Chloroplasten / Phosphatidyl glycerol Antiserum and its Reactions with Chloroplasts
Authors: Radunz Alfons 
Published: February 2015

By immunisation of rabbits with stroma-freed chloroplasts and other preparations of the lamellar system, antibodies to phosphatidyl glycerol were formed. By injection of phosphatidyl glycerol, bound to methylated bovine serum albumin, the rabbits also reacted with the formation of antibodies to this phosphatide. The antiserum to phosphatidyl glycerol yielded no reactions with phosphatidyl choline and the glycolipids sulphoquinovosyl diglyceride and mono- and digalactosyl diglyceride, which are present in chloroplasts.
Stroma-freed chloroplasts from Antirrhinum majus and Nicotiana tabacum were not agglutinated by antisera to phosphatidyl glycerol. By means of the Coombs test, the “mixed-antigen-agglutination” and sateration experiments it was possible to demonstrate that antibodies to phosphatidyl glycerol are specifically adsorbed onto stroma-freed chloroplasts. After partial protein decomposition by proteases, stroma-freed chloroplasts were agglutinated. Fragments of the thylakoid membranes (ultrasonic supernatant) were precipitated only after partial protein decomposition and functioned in the Coombs test just like stroma-freed chloroplasts. However, fragments of the lamellar system (ultrasonic sediment) were directly agglutinated. Isolated chloroplasts in tris buffer-sucrose solution and in tris buffer-sodium chloride solution were equally agglutinated by antiserum to phosphatidyl glycerol.
From the experiments it is concluded that the antigen determinants of the phosphatidyl glycerol are located on the antibody-accessible surface of the thylakoids. The agglutination of stroma-freed chloroplasts was, however, sterically hindered by membrane proteins. In those cases in which chloroplast preparations were directly agglutinated, it is assumed that either thylakoids were disrupted or that they were swollen, resulting in a change in the protein layer of the membranes in such a way that no steric hindrance occurs.
Growth Rate Measurements in Gamma Irradiated Catfish
Authors: Roushdy H. M. , Imam A. E. 
Published: February 2015

The effect of whole body gamma irradiation at the low exposure levels of 100, 200 and 400 r has been studied on the rate of growth of both juvenile and adult males and females of Clarias lazera. Irradiation causes, in general, significant retardation in rate of increase in length of growing fish. Such retardation is especially marked in adult females. Irradiation causes also diminution in the percentage increase in weight of adults especially the females. In juvenile fish, radiation exposure at the levels of 100 and 200 r accelerates the rate of increase in weight while the higher exposure level of 400 r results in a significant retardation. The exposure level of 100 r increases the ratio weight/length only in juveniles. Exposure levels of 200 and 400 r decrease such a ratio.
The results obtained are explained in correlation with the general knowledge of biological radiation syndrome and discussed in view of the relevant literature.
Die Reaktionen chlorierter Äthylene mit hydratisierten Elektronen und OH-Radikalen in wäßriger Lösung / The Reaction of Chlorinated Ethylenes with Hydrated Electrons and OH-Radicals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Köster R. , Asmus K.-D. 
Published: February 2015

The reactions of chlorinated ethylenes with hydrated electrons and OH radicals have been investigated by using the method of pulse radiolysis. In addition γ-ray experiments were carried out. The reduction of the solutes occurs via a dissoziation electron capture process. The rate constant for the reaction of eaq
⊖ with the more chlorinated compounds is essentially diffusion controlled (k= (1 - 2×1010 l-mole-1 sec-1). Vinylchloride and 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene react more slowly. This can be related to the higher stability of the C-Cl bond in these compounds.
Hydroxyl radicals add to the C=C double bond of the chlorinated ethylenes. The rate constant for the reaction with vinylchloride was determined to 7.1 × 109 1 · mole-1 sec-1, and decreases with increasing degree of chlorination of the ethylenes. This effect is explained by the decreasing electron density on the C-atoms and steric hinderance. The hydroxyl radical always adds to the C-atom carrying the smallest number of Cl-atoms. In its reaction with 1,2-dichloro-, trichloro- and tetrachloroethylene a radical is produced with an OH group and a Cl-atom on the same C-atom. It eliminates HCl to form a C=O bond with k>7 × 105 sec-1. The

type radical produced in this reaction has an optical absorption in the near UV (ε265 nm = (1-3)×103 1 · mole-1 cm-1).
The OH radical addition products of vinylchloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene do not eliminate HCl and have no absorption in the visible and near UV.
Pulsradiolytische Untersuchung des Tropylium-Ions, des Tropylcarbinols und des Tropilidens in wäßriger Lösung / Pulse Radiolysis of the Tropylium-ion, Tropylcarbinol and Tropilidene in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Schöneshöfer M. 
Published: February 2015

The tropylium-ion, C7H7⊕, is reduced by the H atom to yield the tropyl radical C7H7. C7H7 absorbs at 3150 Å with ε=2800 mole-1 l cm-1. The rate constant of the reaction C7H7
+ +H → C7H7 + H3O⨁ is (7 ± 2) 109 mole-1 l s-1. C7H7⨁ is also reduced by α-alcohol radicals but not by β-alcohol radicals.
Tropylcarbinol C7H7OH reacts with eaq
⊖ with k= (6 ± 2) 109 mole-1 l s-1. The product is non conducting and absorbs at 3150 Å with ε=4200 mole-1 l cm -1. This absorption is attributed to the hydroxycycloheptadienyl radical.
Morpholines-(IV)
Authors: Abdulla Riaz F. , Bannerji Alok N. 
Published: February 2015

Cyclodehydrohalogenation-beta-Lactams-Morpholin-3-ones-H'-NMR Spectroscopy
N-Aryl-N-chloroacetyl-2-chlorophenacylamines (2) give morpholinones 3, or beta-lactams 4, depending upon the N-aryl-substituent. N-Phenyl-N- (2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropionyl) -4-nitrophenacylamine did not undergo base-catalysed cyclization but gave, instead, the α,β-unsaturated, open-chain amide 5. N-Aryl-N-chloroacetyl-aminomethyl-2-naphthylketones afford only beta-lactams. The first attempt at the synthesis of a 2-chloro-3-oxo-morpholine resulted in the isolation of the 2-hydroxyderivative. The H1-NMR spectra of some more 3-oxo-morpholines have been recorded.
Effect of Irradiation on the Biosynthesis of Liver Ribonucleic acids in Intact and Adrenalectomized Rats
Authors: Popov P. G. , Valeva-Dimitrova L. I. , Hadjiolov A. A. 
Published: February 2015

Intact and adrenalectomized rats were irradiated with 900 R or treated with 10 mg per 100 g body weight of hydrocortisone. The incorporation of orotic acid-6-14C for 2 hours into liver free uridine nucleotides, nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA and RNA fractions obtained by agar gel electrophoresis, were studied.
The obtained results show that in intact animals both irradiation and hydrocortisone induce a higher labelling of cytoplasmic and nuclear liver RNA. The higher labelling of RNA is not correlated with a higher labelling of the free uridine nucleotides. The labelling of all electrophoretic RNA fractions is increased to approximately the same extent under the action of either hydrocortisone or irradiation.
Irradiation or hydrocortisone treatment of adrenalectomized rats causes also a higher labelling of liver nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. The higher labelling of RNA is not correlated with that of free uridine nucleotides and affects all electrophoretic RNA fractions.. The combined action of irradiation and hydrocortisone shows an additive effect on the labelling of nuclear and cytoplasmic liver RNA.
The obtained results indicate that whole body irradiation causes an increased synthesis of both ribosomal and non-ribosomal RNA’s of rat liver. Since the same effect is observed in intact and adrenalectomized animals it may be concluded that the stimulation of liver RNA synthesis by irradiation is not mediated by the adrenals.
I. Derivation of the Photo-electric Efficiency of Photoreceptors and a Method of Extracellular Measurement of Nerve Current
Authors: Krischer Christof C. 
Published: February 2015

In part 1 a method is described how the nerve current iax of passively conducting nerves can be measured. iax is shown to be a quantitative measure of the receptor potential. For a known state of function of the photoreceptor iax can be used to calculate the resistance of the nerve.
Part 2 is concerned with the primary electrical reaction (receptor potential) of vision. Formulae are derived which allow to calculate 1. the quantity of absorbed light (input); 2. the charge flux (output). The ratio of output to input is the photo-electric efficiency ηq. With ηq it is possible to estimate the turnover of ions and energy of the transduction reaction.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an intrazellulär lebenden Einzellern in Foraminiferen / Electron Microscopic Study on Intracellular Microorganisms in Foraminifera
Authors: Schwab Dieter 
Published: February 2015

In the cytoplasmic vacuoles and lacunas of the monothalamous foraminifera Myxotheca arenilega and Allogromia laticollaris unicellular organisms of about 2,5-6 µm appear, which persist intracellularly, showing no disintegration, even after a long starvation period of the host.
The mono- or multinucleated cells show a well developed dense endoplasmic reticulum, a large number of ribosomes, elongated mitochondria of the tubulus type, a few Golgi - complexes and paired centrioles or basal bodies. The cells are surrounded by a sheath of about 0.1 μm, consisting of numerous lamellae in a loose arrangement together with osmiophilic substances. It is presumed that this protects the cells against digestion by the host. Since foraminifera which contain these organisms show no differences in growth and size at the end of their developing period compared to those cells which are free from these organisms, it is doubted that these organisms are parasites. They are also presumably not symbiontic organisms, since they possess no thylacoids. It is likely that they are harmless commensals. Their systematic position is unknown.
Das Bürzeldrüsensekret des Bläßhuhns (Fulica atra) / The Uropygial Gland Fat of the Coot (Fulica atra)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Zeman Alfred 
Published: February 2015

The composition of the uropygial gland waxes of the coot (Fulica atra) was investigated by GLC/MS-combination. As acidic components mainly 2,6,10- and 4,8,12-trimethyl-substituted fatty acids with a chain length of C12-C17 or C14 - C17 were determined; besides 4,8,14-trimethylhexadecanoic acid and homologous series of 2-methyl-, 2,6-, 2,8-, 2,10-, 2,12-, 4,8-, 4,10- and 4,12-dimethyl- as well as 2,6,12- and 2,8,10-trimethyl-substituted fatty acids could be detected.
As alcoholic components homologous series of n-alkanols with a chain length of C15-C20 and 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-methyl-alkanols with a chain length of C16-C19 could be identified.
Glucuronidierung von Hydroxy-testosteron- und Hydroxy-androstendion-Verbindungen durch die mikrosomale UDP-Glucuronyl-Transferase der Rattenleber / Glucuronidation of Hydroxy-compounds of Testosterone and Androstenedione by the Microsomal UDP Glucuronyl Transferase of Rat Liver
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Ghraf Rüdiger , Lehnen Birgit 
Published: February 2015

The microsomal UDP glucuronyl transferase exhibits activities against hydroxy derivatives of androstenedione (hydroxyl groups in the positions 2β, 6β or 16α) between 5% and 27% of the extent shown against testosterone. 2β-, 6β· and 16α-hydroxyl groups are much less efficient in accepting the glucuronic acid than the 17β-hydroxyl group.
However, the acceptor function of the 17β-hydroxyl group is restricted by other hydroxy substituents in the testosterone molecule to an increasing extent represented by the following sequence: 2α, 6β, 6α, 16α, and 7α. A special case is represented by 2β-hydroxy-testosterone. The transferase displays a higher activity against this compound than against testosterone.
Apparently the transferase approaches the steroid molecule from the α-side (with the β-side there is also contact at the C-6 atom) requires the 17β-hydroxyl group and the 3-oxo-4-ene system to display full activity.
Thus the very high specificity of the transferase for testosterone explains the selective action of this enzyme on testosterone metabolism in the liver. This action is expressed by the fact, that in liver perfusates the percentage of testosterone in the glucuronide fraction is twice as large as the percentage of testosterone in the free steroid fraction.
Electrochemical Behaviour of the Fe(CO)3NO⊖ Ion
Authors: Murgia S. M. , Paliani G. , Cardaci G. 
Published: February 2015

The polarographic behaviour of [(C2H5)4N] ⊕ [Fe(CO)3NO⊖] has been investigated at the mercury dropping electrode and platinum stationary electrode.
It was found that the complex displays two anodic and one cathodic waves.
On the basis of the results obtained a mechanism is proposed and discussed.
Indol-3-essigsäure-induzierte Nukleotidabgabe bei gleichzeitig erhöhter Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphorsäure (c-AMP)-Synthese in Maiskoleoptilzylindern / 3-Indole Acetic Acid Induced efflux of Nucleotides Concomitant with an Increased Synthesis of Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphat (c-AMP) in Maize Coleoptile Sections
Authors: Janistyn B. 
Published: February 2015

When maize coleoptile sections were incubated in buffer, nucleotides appeared in the solution as shown by photometric measurement. After 2-3 hours the concentration of the nucleotides stayed constant. However subsequent addition of 3-indole acetic acid to the buffer lead to a linear, rapid and significant net efflux of nucleotides lasting several hours.
The nucleotides Adenosin-5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP) and Adenosin-3′: 5′-monophosphate (c-AMP) could be identified in the solution after incubation. The incorporation of [8-14C]-adenine into 5′-AMP and c-AMP was measured. After treatment with 3-indole acetic acid c-AMP-14C-synthesis was increased in the tissue about 100% over control.
Mehrkernige Kobalt(III)-Komplexe der Zusammensetzung CoCl3(NH3)3 mit Cl-Brücken / Chlorine-bridged Polynuclear Cobalt (III) Complexes of the Composition CoCl3 (NH3) 3
Authors: Wieghardt Karl , Siebert Hans 
Published: February 2015

It is shown from infra-red measurements on the compound CoCl3(NH3)3 reported by WERNER that the complex contains bridging μ-chloro ions. Spectrophotometric measurements indicate cisposition of the μ-chloro ligands.
Corresponding polynuclear μ-chloro complexes with trans-position of the μ-chloro ligands have been obtained reacting trans- [Co (N3) 3 (NH3) 3] or trans- [Co (CCl3CO2) 3 (NH3) 3] with concentrated hydrochlorid acid. A similar product has been obtained from solutions of trans- [CoCl2H2O (NH3) 3] in conc. H2SO4 adding conc. HCl.
Photosystem I-abhängige Phosphorylierung isolierter Chloroplasten mit Ascorbat/2.6-Dichlorphenolindophenol als Elektronendonator und Methylviologen als Elektronenakzeptor / Photosystem I Dependent Phosphorylation of Isolated Chloroplasts with Ascorbate/2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol as Electron Donor and Methylviologen as Electron Acceptor
Authors: Strotmann Heinrich , Von Gösseln Christa 
Published: February 2015

Photosystem I related phosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts was investigated with special reference to the stoichiometry between ATP production and electron transprt (ATP: 2e⊖). The system studied contained DCMU to inhibit electron flow from photosystem II, ascorbate and DPIP to supply electrons to photosystem I, and methylviologen as electron acceptor. The following results were obtained:
1. Basal electron transport is stimulated by the addition of the phosphorylating system, indicating that phosphorylation is really coupled to non-cyclic electron flow. The ratio ATP: 2e⊖ is 1, when the increase of electron flow obtained by the addition of ADP and phosphate is correlated to phosphorylation. This ratio is constant upon varying several parameters including DPIP concentration and light intensity.
2. In the absence of methylviologen a DPIP catalyzed cyclic phosphorylation takes place (cf. I. c.7, 11, 12). Phosphorylation is not increased by the addition of methylviologen, indicating that both, the cyclic DPIP mediated and the non-cyclic system are coupled to the same phosphorylation site and limited by the same reaction step.
3. In the absence of oxygen a methylviologen supported cyclic phosphorylation occurs. Comparing optimum rates, phosphorylation under these conditions is about twice as high as in the noncyclic system. Therefore we conclude that two phosphorylation sites are involved in methylviologen catalyzed cyclic electron transport. This system is sensitive against trypsin treatment of the chloroplasts, whereas the linear system is not.
4. The two cyclic systems as well as the non-cyclic system are coupled to reversible proton uptake. Furthermore the linear system exhibits an irreversible uptake of hydrogen ions, which is stoichiometric to electron flow. From the reversible and the irreversible components of the pH changes the ratio of the proton pump to electron transprt can be calculated. Under steady state conditions the ration H⨁ : e⊖ approaches 1.
The Influence of the Aromatic Amino Acid Side-Chains on the Sign of the Soret Cotton Effect in Chironomus Hemoglobin (CTT III)
Authors: Fleischhauer Jörg , Wollmer Axel 
Published: February 2015

The origin of the positive Soret Cotton effect of myoglobin was calculated by Hsu and WOODY on the basis of a mechanism taking into account the coupling of the Soret and aromatic side-chain π—π* transitions. HUBER and coworkers have worked out the atomic coordinates of a monomeric insect hemoglobin which exhibits a negative Soret Cotton effect.
It seemed of some importance to examine the capability of this mechanism to explain the observed inversion of sign. The calculations resulted indeed in a negative total rotational strength (—0,2 DBM), the main contributions arising from phenylalanine residues.
Studies on Dehydrogenase Levels in Uromastix Hardwickii during Active and Hibernating Periods
Authors: Hasnain S. N. , Ramwani J. 
Published: February 2015

LDH, SDH and G-6-PDH activities have been determined in Uromastix hardwickii which hibernates during winter. Protein concentration was found to be significantly higher in liver than in kidney during active and hibernating periods. Protein concentration was decreased significantly in both the tissues during hibernation.
LDH activity was significantly higher in the hibernating period in both liver and kidney. SDH activity was significantly reduced in liver during hibernation but increased significantly in kidney. There was a significant decrease in G-6-PDH activity in liver but only a slight decrease in kidney during hibernation.
Ein Beitrag über SrCeAlO4 und SrNdAlO4 / About SrCeAlO4 and SrNdAlO4
Authors: Pausch H. , Müller-Buschbaum Hk. 
Published: February 2015

X-ray diffraction datas
Single crystals of SrCeAlO4 and SrNdAlO4 were examined by X-ray diffraction. A comparison of the distances of the statistically occupied metal positions of the K2NiF4-type with Sr2CuO3 stresses the structure relation between the K2NiF4-type and Sr2CuO3.