bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ‐Formed, Amorphous, Oxygen‐Enabled Germanium Anode with Robust Cycle Life for Reversible Lithium Storage
Authors: Sun Xiaolei , Si Wenping , Xi Lixia , Liu Bo , Liu Xuejun , Yan Chenglin , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn oxygen‐enabled germanium anode for lithium‐ion batteries has been obtained for the first time through the local electron‐stimulated reaction of oxygen molecules with gaseous germanium. Benefiting from the incorporation of oxygen atoms, this material can effectively suppress the agglomeration of germanium particles, tolerate the substantial volume change, and reduce the strain/stress generated during lithiation/delithiation. As demonstrated, the oxygen‐enabled germanium anode shows significantly enhanced electrochemical performance compared to the untreated germanium anode. The oxygen‐enabled electrode exhibits a high reversible lithium‐storage capacity (≈1200 mAh g−1), extremely robust cycle life, and superior rate capability. The proposed concept presented in this work is feasible and valuable for other group IV materials (Si, Sn), potentially leading to high‐performance electrochemical energy‐storage and conversion devices.
CBr4‐Mediated Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction of Amines
Authors: Huo Congde , Xie Haisheng , Wu Mingxia , Jia Xiaodong , Wang Xicun , Chen Fengjuan , Tang Jing 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel CBr4‐mediated dehydrogenative Povarov/aromatization tandem reaction of glycine derivatives with alkenes, leading to complex quinoline derivatives, and a CBr4‐mediated dehydrogenative CH functionalization of N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines with nucleophiles to form CC and CP bonds are reported. The reactions were performed under very simple and mild reaction conditions; only CBr4 was used as a promoter. A plausible mechanism involving a radical process is proposed.
Highly Selective Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Potentially Bioactive Deuterated Chalcone Derivatives
Authors: Hsieh Chi‐Ting , Ötvös Sándor B. , Wu Yang‐Chang , Mándity István M. , Chang Fang‐Rong , Fülöp Ferenc 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe selective synthesis of various dideuterochalcones as potentially bioactive deuterium‐labeled products is presented, by means of the highly controlled partial deuteration of antidiabetic chalcone derivatives. The benefits of continuous‐flow processing in combination with on‐demand electrolytic D2 gas generation has been exploited to avoid over‐reaction to undesired side products and to achieve selective deuterium addition to the carbon–carbon double bond of the starting enones without the need for unconventional catalysts or expensive special reagents. The roles of pressure, temperature, and residence time proved crucial for the fine‐tuning of the sensitive balance between the product selectivity and the reaction rate. The presented flow‐chemistry‐based deuteration technique lacks most of the drawbacks of the classical batch methods, and is convenient, time‐ and cost‐efficient, and safe.
A Chalcone‐Based Highly Selective and Sensitive Chromofluorogenic Probe for Trivalent Metal Cations
Authors: Santos‐Figueroa Luis E. , Llopis‐Lorente Antoni , Royo Santiago , Sancenón Félix , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Costero Ana M. , Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA new chalcone‐based probe for the chromofluorogenic sensing of trivalent (Al3+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Ga3+, In3+ and As3+) over mono‐ and divalent cations and anions is reported. In the presence of trivalent metal cations, the probe was able to display a remarkable color change from yellow to colorless that was clearly visible to the naked eye. Also, the initial strong yellow emission was gradually quenched and substituted by a weakly shifted band.
Reference intervals for leukocyte subsets in adults: Results from a population‐based study using 10‐color flow cytometry
Authors: Melzer Susanne , Zachariae Silke , Bocsi Jozsef , Engel Christoph , Löffler Markus , Tárnok Attila 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundReference intervals for leukocyte subsets from peripheral blood are helpful for the understanding of disease states and therapy effects.MethodsWe performed in‐depth immunophenotyping for 608 healthy German adults from the Leipzig region from 40 to 79 years by 10‐color flow cytometry (FCM) to gain reference information for various leukocyte subsets including subsets of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes.ResultsFirst, we derived gender‐ and age‐specific reference intervals for males and females from 40 to 59 and from 60 to 79 years, respectively. Second, we further investigated the influence of gender and age on leukocyte counts. We found significantly higher cell counts for monocytes (P < 0.001) and NK cells (P < 0.001) in men, whereas women had higher counts for B cells (P < 0.001), Th cells (P < 0.001) and regulatory T cells (P = 0.008). Furthermore, with increasing age, a decrease in Tc cells (about 8% within 5 years) and an increase in NK cells (<4% within 5 years) were observed.ConclusionIn future research, it should be investigated whether these are real ageing effects that can be confirmed in longitudinal studies. Furthermore, it is important to understand if the Tc cell count drop is functionally compensated by the increase of NK cells. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels
Authors: Heino Jani , Melo Adriano S. , Bini Luis Mauricio , Altermatt Florian , Al‐Shami Salman A. , Angeler David G. , Bonada Núria , Brand Cecilia , Callisto Marcos , Cottenie Karl , Dangles Olivier , Dudgeon David , Encalada Andrea , Göthe Emma , Grönroos Mira , Hamada Neusa , Jacobsen Dean , Landeiro Victor L. , Ligeiro Raphael , Martins Renato T. , Miserendino María Laura , Md Rawi Che Salmah , Rodrigues Marciel E. , Roque Fabio de Oliveira , Sandin Leonard , Schmera Denes , Sgarbi Luciano F. , Simaika John P. , Siqueira Tadeu , Thompson Ross M. , Townsend Colin R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe hypotheses that beta diversity should increase with decreasing latitude and increase with spatial extent of a region have rarely been tested based on a comparative analysis of multiple datasets, and no such study has focused on stream insects. We first assessed how well variability in beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities is predicted by insect group, latitude, spatial extent, altitudinal range, and dataset properties across multiple drainage basins throughout the world. Second, we assessed the relative roles of environmental and spatial factors in driving variation in assemblage composition within each drainage basin. Our analyses were based on a dataset of 95 stream insect metacommunities from 31 drainage basins distributed around the world. We used dissimilarity‐based indices to quantify beta diversity for each metacommunity and, subsequently, regressed beta diversity on insect group, latitude, spatial extent, altitudinal range, and dataset properties (e.g., number of sites and percentage of presences). Within each metacommunity, we used a combination of spatial eigenfunction analyses and partial redundancy analysis to partition variation in assemblage structure into environmental, shared, spatial, and unexplained fractions. We found that dataset properties were more important predictors of beta diversity than ecological and geographical factors across multiple drainage basins. In the within‐basin analyses, environmental and spatial variables were generally poor predictors of variation in assemblage composition. Our results revealed deviation from general biodiversity patterns because beta diversity did not show the expected decreasing trend with latitude. Our results also call for reconsideration of just how predictable stream assemblages are along ecological gradients, with implications for environmental assessment and conservation decisions. Our findings may also be applicable to other dynamic systems where predictability is low.
Regional hippocampal damage in heart failure
Authors: Woo Mary A. , Ogren Jennifer A. , Abouzeid Christiane M. , Macey Paul M. , Sairafian Kevin G. , Saharan Priya S. , Thompson Paul M. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hamilton Michele A. , Harper Ronald M. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2015

AimsHeart failure (HF) patients show cognitive and mood impairments, including short‐term memory loss and depression, that have an adverse impacting on quality of life and self‐care management. Brain regions, including the hippocampus, a structure significantly involved in memory and mood, show injury in HF, but the integrity of specific hippocampal subregions is unclear.Methods and resultsTo assess regional hippocampal volume loss, we evaluated 17 HF patients (mean age ± SD, 54.4 ± 2.0 years; 12 male, left ventricular ejection fraction 28.3 ± 6.8%; New York Heart Association class II/III 94%/6%) and 34 healthy control subjects (52.3 ± 1.3 years; 24 male) using high‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and evaluated localized surface changes with morphometric procedures. Hippocampi were manually outlined, and volumes calculated from normalized tracings. Volume differences between groups were assessed by two‐sample t‐tests, and regional differences were assessed by surface morphometry. Patients with HF exhibited smaller hippocampal volumes than controls (right 3060 ± 146 mm3 vs. 3478 ± 94 mm3, P = 0.02; left 3021 ± 145 mm3 vs. 3352 ± 98 mm3, P = 0.06). Volume reductions were detected principally in CA1, an area integral to an array of learning and memory functions, as well as in mid to posterior CA3 and subiculum.ConclusionThe hippocampus shows regional volume reduction in HF, which may contribute to short‐term memory loss and depression associated with the condition.
Differences in n‐alkane profiles between olives and olive leaves as potential indicators for the assessment of olive leaf presence in virgin olive oils
Authors: Mihailova Alina , Abbado Dimitri , Pedentchouk Nikolai 
Published: February 2015

The olive (Olea europaea) is one of the most important crops in the Mediterranean region for economic and culinary reasons. Cuticular waxes coat olives and olive leaves and play a significant role in plant physiology and resistance against environmental stresses. The present study describes n‐alkane profiles in cuticular waxes of olives and leaves of three Italian varieties (Frantoio, Leccino and Maraiolo) during different stages of olive development. Additionally, the study investigates the differences between n‐alkane profiles of extra virgin olive oils with low and high leaf content. Olive leaves are characterised by the predominance of n‐alkanes with longer carbon chains (n‐C29‐C33) compared with olives (n‐C25‐C29). During all stages of olive ripening period, n‐alkane average chain length (ACL) values of olive leaves are significantly higher compared with those of olives. Extra virgin olive oils with admixture of leaves have significantly different n‐alkane profiles than those free from leaf material.Practical applications: The results of this study will contribute significantly to the currently very limited information on n‐alkane data from olive tree varieties used for oil production. The presence of leaves increases the concentrations of long chain n‐alkanes (n‐C31‐C35) in extra virgin olive oils, therefore studying the differences between n‐alkane profiles of olives and olive leaves could help establishing the presence of leaf material in produced extra virgin olive oils. Information about the relative and absolute concentrations of n‐alkanes in olives, olive leaves and olive oil will also be useful for biochemical and metabolic studies of the olive tree.Significant differences in n‐alkane profiles of olives and olive leaves can be used for detecting the presence of leaf material in virgin olive oils.
Dynamics of omega‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation in egg yolk by autotrophic microalgal supplementation
Authors: Lemahieu Charlotte , Bruneel Charlotte , Termote‐Verhalle Romina , Muylaert Koenraad , Foubert Imogen , Buyse Johan 
Published: February 2015

Four different microalgal species (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Isochrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis oculata, and Chlorella fusca) in two doses (125 and 250 mg ALA + EPA + DHA per 100 g feed) were supplemented to the diet of laying hens to examine the impact on the dynamics of long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) incorporation in the egg and yolk color changes. However, no major differences in dynamics of these parameters were observed between the species and between the supplementation doses. The maximum n‐3 LC‐PUFA content was observed after 14 days supplementation, except for the highest supplementation doses of Phaeodactylum and Nannochloropsis. In this case, the maximal value was obtained after 10 days. After a few days of wash‐out, still an enrichment of n‐3 LC‐PUFA was observed, except for the lowest dose of Chlorella. Due to the enrichment of carotenoids in the egg, originating from microalgae, the yolk color changed. Concomitant with the delay of n‐3 LC‐PUFA incorporation, also a delay of yolk color changes was observed. After 7 days of microalgal supplementation, again a stable yolk color was obtained and after 10 days of wash‐out, the yolk color returned to the standard yolk color in most cases.Practical applications: Knowledge of the dynamics of n‐3 LC‐PUFA and carotenoid incorporation is very important to know how long the microalgae need to be supplemented in to the diet of the laying hens in order to find a compromise between omega‐3 and pigment levels to be stated on eggs' labels and the cost of the treatment. From an economical viewpoint, it is interesting to evaluate the supplementation of different microalgal species and different doses, since this could lead to different impacts on the economical aspect of the use of microalgae in the diet of laying hens.Microalgae were supplemented into the diets of laying hens and the impact of this supplementation on long chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid incorporation into the egg and yolk color changes was examined.
Fatty acid profile of seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos) seed oil and properties of the methyl esters
Authors: Knothe Gerhard , Moser Bryan R. 
Published: February 2015

In recent literature, seashore mallow (Kosteletzkya pentacarpos; also known previously as Kosteletzkya virginica) seed oil was reported as a potential alternative feedstock for biodiesel. In the present work, the fatty acid profile of K. pentacarpos is shown to correspond to that of other plants in the Malvaceae family by containing approximately 6% fatty acids with cyclic moieties, namely malvalic acid as well as dihydrosterculic acid. Previously determined properties of biodiesel from seashore mallow are discussed under the aspect of the fatty acid profile. The 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra of K. pentacarpos methyl esters, which confirm the fatty acid profile, are also discussed.Practical applications: This article discusses the fatty acid profile of the seed oils of Kosteletzkya species. This is significant for evaluating potential applications of these oils. This is demonstrated by evaluating biodiesel fuel properties from the results.The seed oils of Kosteletzkya species contain malvalic acid and other acids with cyclic moieties.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina expressing heterologous the Δ17‐desaturase gene under ordinary temperature
Authors: Okuda Tomoyo , Ando Akinori , Negoro Hiroaki , Muratsubaki Tatsuya , Kikukawa Hiroshi , Sakamoto Takaiku , Sakuradani Eiji , Shimizu Sakayu , Ogawa Jun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina is known to accumulate eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) only when cultivated at a low temperature (below 15°C). Here, we investigated EPA production at an ordinary temperature (28°C) by expressing the Saprolegnia diclina Δ17 desaturase gene (sdd17m) in M. alpina ST1358, an ω3‐desaturation activity‐defective mutant derived from M. alpina 1S‐4. Expression of the exogenous gene was confirmed by EPA accumulation in transformants at both 28 and 12°C. The EPA content in total lipids produced by transformants was over 20% at 28°C. Bench‐scale fermentation with a 5‐L jar fermentor showed that EPA content reached 26.4% of total fatty acids, and EPA production reached 1.8 g/L. This is the first study to report the accumulation of EPA in M. alpina at an ordinary temperature, and provide a platform technology for the industrial production of EPA using M. alpina as a promising source for EPA.Practical applications: This achievement shows the potential of M. alpina for industrial production of EPA at lower cost compared to conventional transgenic organisms such as plants and yeasts. The composition of fatty acids produced by M. alpina transformants was simple and did not contain unusual fatty acids compared with that of fish oils, so it may be acceptable for general consumers. Low‐cost, large‐scale, and high‐purity EPA supply by M. alpina will also lead to development of academic research on physiological functions of EPA and its derivatives.The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina accumulates eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) only when cultivated at a low temperature (below 15°C). Here, we investigated EPA production at an ordinary temperature (28°C) by expressing the Saprolegnia diclina Δ17 desaturase gene (sdd17m) in M. alpina. The transformants with the sdd17m gene produced EPA (>20% in total lipids) at 28°C.
Synthetic Route to Rare Isoindolones Derivatives
Authors: Oukoloff Killian , Buron Frédéric , Routier Sylvain , Jean Ludovic , Renard Pierre‐Yves 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe isoindolone scaffold is present in many biologically active compounds. Here, we have developed a shorter and more efficient synthesis of tetrahydropyrido[2,1‐a]isoindolone. The key step of this approach is a cyclization to form the γ‐lactam ring under Shibasaki's conditions. Thus, tetrahydropyrido[2,1‐a]isoindolone and superior analogues, namely hexahydroazepino[2,1‐a]isoindolone and hexahydroazocino[2,1‐a]isoindolone, have been prepared in only three steps in 39, 25, and 19 % overall yields, respectively. This novel strategy offers a shorter alternative to existing procedures.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed (Z)‐β‐(Tosyloxy)alkenyl Iodide Synthesis from (Aryl)[(E)‐β‐(tosyloxy)alkenyl]iodonium Tosylates: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes
Authors: Mondal Keshab , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe first stereoselective synthesis of (Z)‐β‐(tosyloxy)alkenyl iodide has been developed from (aryl)[(E)‐β‐(tosyloxy)alkenyl]iodonium tosylates by using a CuI catalyst. The products of this reaction have been utilized for the diversity‐oriented synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes, and a formal synthesis of the anticancer compound (Z)‐tamoxifen is described.
Novel Amperometric Tri‐Enzyme Biosensor for Lysine Determination in Pharmaceutical Products and Food Samples
Authors: Bóka Beáta , Korózs Marietta , Nánási Márta , Adányi Nóra 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn enzyme‐based amperometric biosensor was developed for the determination of the lysine content of pharmaceutical products, food and feed samples. Lysine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.18) from Bacterium cadaveris was coupled with diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) from Pisum sativum and horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7). The enzymes were co‐immobilized on a graphite electrode with an Os polymer. The biosensor worked in flow injection analysis system (FIA). Optimal working conditions were pH 7.0 and −50 mV potential vs. Ag/AgCl. The linear measuring range was 0.005–0.500 mM. Different pharmaceutical products and feed samples were analysed by the lysine biosensor and by HPLC method for validation.
Analytical seismic fragility functions for highway and railway embankments and cuts
Authors: Argyroudis Sotiris , Kaynia Amir M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA fundamental tool in seismic risk assessment of transportation systems is the fragility curve, which describes the probability that a structure will reach or exceed a certain damage state for a given ground motion intensity. Fragility curves are usually represented by two‐parameter (median and log‐standard deviation) cumulative lognormal distributions.In this paper, a numerical approach, in the spirit of the IDA, is applied for the development of fragility curves for highways and railways on embankments and in cuts due to seismic shaking. The response of the geo‐construction to increasing levels of seismic intensity is evaluated using a 2D nonlinear finite element model, with an elasto‐plastic criterion to simulate the soil behavior. A calibration procedure is followed in order to account for the dependency of both the stiffness and the damping to the soil strain level. The effect of soil conditions and ground motion characteristics on the response of the embankment and cut is taken into account considering different typical soil profiles and seismic input motions. This study will provide input for the assessment of the vulnerability of the road/railway network regarding the performance of the embankments and cuts; therefore, the level of damage is described in terms of the permanent ground displacement in these structures.The fragility curves are estimated based on the evolution of damage with increasing earthquake intensity, which is described by PGA. The proposed approach allows the evaluation of new fragility curves considering the distinctive features of the element's geometry, the input motion, and the soil properties as well as the associated uncertainties. A relationship between the computed permanent ground displacement on the surface of the embankment and the PGA in the free field is also suggested based on the results of the numerical analyses. Finally, the proposed fragility curves are compared with existing empirical data and the limitations of their applicability are outlined. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Competitive Counterion Binding Regulates the Aggregation Onset of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments
Authors: Dammann Christian , Herrmann Harald , Köster Sarah 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAggregation is a commonly observed phenomenon when mixing charged biopolymers and counterions. However, it remains a challenge to find a general description for the involved mechanisms. Here, we investigate vimentin intermediate filaments, which are overall highly negatively charged, as a prime example of such biological polyelectrolytes. We experimentally determine the onset cation concentration for aggregation, and set it in relation to the calculated relative cation concentrations in the vicinity of the filament surface. Our analysis shows that to achieve aggregation, about 50 % of the monovalent cations originally present have to be replaced by di‐ or multivalent cations. We are thus able to predict the bulk cation concentration, which mediates aggregation of highly negatively charged vimentin filaments.