bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons Learned from Developing a Drug Evidence Base to Support Pharmacovigilance
Authors: Denny J.C. , Chen Q. , Nian H. , Spickard A. , Rosenbloom S. T. , Miller R. A. , Smith J.C. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjectives: This work identified challenges associated with extraction and representation of medication-related information from publicly available electronic sources.Methods: We gained direct observational experience through creating and evaluating the Drug Evidence Base (DEB), a repository of drug indications and adverse effects (ADEs), and supplemented this through literature review. We extracted DEB content from the National Drug File Reference Terminology, from aggregated MEDLINE co-occurrence data, and from the National Library of Medicine’s DailyMed. To understand better the similarities, differences and problems with the content of DEB and the SIDER Side Effect Resource, and Vanderbilt’s MEDI Indication Resource, we carried out statistical evaluations and human expert reviews.Results: While DEB, SIDER, and MEDI often agreed on medication indications and side effects, cross-system shortcomings limit their current utility. The drug information resources we evaluated frequently employed multiple, disparate vaguely related UMLS concepts to represent a single specific clinical drug indication or adverse effect. Thus, evaluations comparing drug-indication and drug-ADE coverage for such resources will encounter substantial numbers of false negative and false positive matches. Furthermore, our review found that many indication and ADE relationships are too complex – logically and temporally – to represent within existing systems.Conclusion: To enhance applicability and utility, future drug information systems deriving indications and ADEs from public resources must represent clinical concepts uniformly and as precisely as possible. Future systems must also better represent the inherent complexity of indications and ADEs.Citation: Smith JC, Denny JC, Chen Q, Nian H, Spickard III A, Rosenbloom ST, Miller RA. Lessons learned from developing a drug evidence base to support pharmacovigilance. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 596–617http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-08-RA-0062
mtDNA Variation and Analysis Using Mitomap and Mitomaster
Authors: Lott Marie T. , Leipzig Jeremy N. , Derbeneva Olga , Xie H. Michael , Chalkia Dimitra , Sarmady Mahdi , Procaccio Vincent , Wallace Douglas C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Mitomap database of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) information has been an important compilation of mtDNA variation for researchers, clinicians, and genetic counselors for the past 25 years. The Mitomap protocol shows how users may look up human mitochondrial gene loci, search for public mitochondrial sequences, and browse or search for reported general population nucleotide variants as well as those reported in clinical disease. Within Mitomap is the powerful sequence analysis tool for human mitochondrial DNA, Mitomaster. The Mitomaster protocol gives step‐by‐step instructions showing how to submit sequences to identify nucleotide variants relative to the rCRS, determine the haplogroup, and view species conservation. User‐supplied sequences, GenBank identifiers, and single‐nucleotide variants may be analyzed. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 44:1.23.1‐1.23.26. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Deep boundary current disintegration in Drake Passage
Authors: Brearley J. Alexander , Sheen Katy L. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Smeed David A. , Speer Kevin G. , Thurnherr Andreas M. , Meredith Michael P. , Waterman Stephanie 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe fate of a deep boundary current that originates in the Southeast Pacific and flows southward along the continental slope of South America is elucidated. The current transports poorly ventilated water of low salinity (a type of Pacific Deep Water, PDW), into Drake Passage. East of Drake Passage, the boundary current breaks into fresh anticyclonic eddies, nine examples of which were observed in mooring data from December 2009 to March 2012. The observed eddies appear to originate mainly from a topographic separation point close to 60°W, have typical diameters of 20–60 km and accompanying Rossby numbers of 0.1–0.3. These features are likely to be responsible for transporting PDW meridionally across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, explaining the near homogenization of Circumpolar Deep Water properties downstream of Drake Passage. This mechanism of boundary current breakdown may constitute an important process in the Southern Ocean overturning circulation.
Impact of radiatively interactive dust aerosols in the NASA GEOS‐5 climate model: Sensitivity to dust particle shape and refractive index
Authors: Colarco Peter R. , Nowottnick Edward P. , Randles Cynthia A. , Yi Bingqi , Yang Ping , Kim Kyu‐Myong , Smith Jamison A. , Bardeen Charles G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe radiative effects of Saharan dust aerosols are investigated in the NASA GEOS‐5 atmospheric general circulation model. A sectional aerosol microphysics model (CARMA) is run online in GEOS‐5. CARMA treats the dust aerosol lifecycle, and its tracers are radiatively coupled to GEOS‐5. A series of AMIP‐style simulations are performed, in which input dust optical properties (particle shape and refractive index) are varied. Simulated dust distributions for summertime Saharan dust compare well to observations, with best results found when the most absorbing dust optical properties are assumed. Dust absorption leads to a strengthening of the summertime Hadley cell circulation, increased dust lofting to higher altitudes, and a strengthening of the African easterly jet, resulting in increased dust atmospheric lifetime and farther northward and westward transport. We find a positive feedback of dust radiative forcing on emissions, in contrast with previous studies, which we attribute to our having a relatively strong longwave forcing caused by our simulating larger effective particle sizes. This longwave forcing reduces the magnitude of midday net surface cooling relative to other studies, and leads to a nighttime warming that results in higher nighttime wind speeds and dust emissions. The radiative effects of dust particle shape have only minor impact on transport and emissions, with small (~5%) impact on top of atmosphere shortwave forcing, in line with previous studies, but relatively more pronounced effects on shortwave atmospheric heating and surface forcing (~20% increase in atmospheric forcing for spheroids). Shape effects on longwave heating terms are of order ~10%.
Quasi‐Lagrangian measurements of nitric acid trihydrate formation over Antarctica
Authors: Ward Shauna M. , Deshler Terry , Hertzog Albert 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn 2010, the joint French‐United States Concordiasi project released 19 long‐duration superpressure balloons from McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Four of these balloons carried a gondola with particle counters and temperature sensors to measure polar stratospheric clouds. One gondola spent 5 days at stable temperatures between equilibrium temperatures for nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and for supercooled ternary solution droplets. Sporadic particles with radii between 0.46 µm and 4.5 µm were measured in a small fraction of the measurements. At these times the corresponding size distributions and total particle volumes were consistent with NAT. Although the fraction of these observations was less than 3%, their frequency increased with time over the 5 days. From this frequency the NAT nucleation rate at 3°C below TNAT was estimated to be 2 × 10−4 m−3 s−1 ± 60% for these late winter austral NAT observations at a potential temperature of 410–415 K. Interspersed with these measurements of polar stratospheric cloud particles consistent with NAT were many more measurements of particles consistent with background stratospheric aerosol indicating that the polar stratospheric clouds sampled were highly discontinuous.
The use of generalized linear models and generalized estimating equations in bioarchaeological studies
Authors: Nikita Efthymia 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe current article explores whether the application of generalized linear models (GLM) and generalized estimating equations (GEE) can be used in place of conventional statistical analyses in the study of ordinal data that code an underlying continuous variable, like entheseal changes. The analysis of artificial data and ordinal data expressing entheseal changes in archaeological North African populations gave the following results. Parametric and nonparametric tests give convergent results particularly forPvalues <0.1, irrespective of whether the underlying variable is normally distributed or not under the condition that the samples involved in the tests exhibit approximately equal sizes. If this prerequisite is valid and provided that the samples are of equal variances, analysis of covariance may be adopted. GLM are not subject to constraints and give results that converge to those obtained from all nonparametric tests. Therefore, they can be used instead of traditional tests as they give the same amount of information as them, but with the advantage of allowing the study of the simultaneous impact of multiple predictors and their interactions and the modeling of the experimental data. However, GLM should be replaced by GEE for the study of bilateral asymmetry and in general when paired samples are tested, because GEE are appropriate for correlated data. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:473–483, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abnormal junctions and permeability of myelin in PMP22‐deficient nerves
Authors: Guo Jiasong , Wang Leiming , Zhang Yang , Wu Jiawen , Arpag Sezgi , Hu Bo , Imhof Beat A. , Tian Xinxia , Carter Bruce D. , Suter Ueli , Li Jun 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveThe peripheral myelin protein‐22 (PMP22) gene is associated with the most common types of inherited neuropathies, including hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) caused by PMP22 deficiency. However, the function of PMP22 has yet to be defined. Our previous study has shown that PMP22 deficiency causes an impaired propagation of nerve action potentials in the absence of demyelination. In the present study, we tested an alternative mechanism relating to myelin permeability.MethodsUtilizing Pmp22+/− mice as a model of HNPP, we evaluated myelin junctions and their permeability using morphological, electrophysiological, and biochemical approaches.ResultsWe show disruption of multiple types of cell junction complexes in peripheral nerve, resulting in increased permeability of myelin and impaired action potential propagation. We further demonstrate that PMP22 interacts with immunoglobulin domain–containing proteins known to regulate tight/adherens junctions and/or transmembrane adhesions, including junctional adhesion molecule‐C (JAM‐C) and myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG). Deletion of Jam‐c or Mag in mice recapitulates pathology in HNPP.InterpretationOur study reveals a novel mechanism by which PMP22 deficiency affects nerve conduction not through removal of myelin, but through disruption of myelin junctions. Ann Neurol 2014;75:255–265
Well‐Defined, Nanometer‐Sized LiH Cluster Compounds Stabilized by Pyrazolate Ligands
Authors: Stasch Andreas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe assembly of well‐defined large cluster compounds of ionic light metal hydrides is a synthetic challenge and of importance for synthesis, catalysis, and hydrogen storage. The synthesis and characterization of a series of neutral and anionic pyrazolate‐stabilized lithium hydride clusters with inorganic cores in the nanometer region is now reported. These complexes were prepared in a bottom‐up approach using alkyl lithium and lithium pyrazolate mixtures with silanes in hydrocarbon solutions. Structural characterization using synchrotron radiation revealed isolated cubic clusters that contain up to 37 Li+ cations and 26 H− ions. Substituted pyrazolate ligands were found to occupy all corners and some edges for the anionic positions.
Preparation and dielectric behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride composite filled with modified graphite nanoplatelet
Authors: Xie Pincheng , Li Yuchao , Qiu Jun 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTGraphite nanoplatelet (GNP) was modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), γ‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH‐550), and Stearic acid (SA), respectively. The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/modified GNP (m‐GNP) nanocomposites were fabricated via solution mixing method. SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and impendence analyzer were used to characterize the morphology, structure, and their electrical properties. Results showed that PVP and CTAB modified‐GNP enables a better homogeneous dispersion of GNP in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent than that of KH‐550 and SA, which leads to a decreased conductivity in PVDF/m‐GNP system. The permittivities of these nanocomposites were found to decrease with increasing frequencies. The SA modified‐GNP filled PVDF nanocomposite has the largest dielectric constant and lowest dielectric loss. Such electrical behavior can be well interpreted in terms of the percolation theory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40229.
Investigation of the migration behavior of polyisobutylene with various molecular weights in ethylene/α‐olefin copolymer blown stretch films for improved cling properties
Authors: Rennert Mirko , Fiedler Steffen , Nase Michael , Menzel Matthias , Günther Sandra , Kressler Jörg , Grellmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHigh retention forces are the basic requirements on stretch films for agricultural or pallet wrapping of goods and significantly influenced by cling properties (autohesion) that are essential for a reliable load stability during transportation and storage. Low molecular weight polyisobutylene (PIB) has tacky properties and is immiscible with polyethylene. Blended with ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers in coextruded stretch films, PIB can migrate to the film surfaces and cause cling properties. Cling and adhesion forces were investigated using the mechanical cling test, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The molecular weight of the PIB as well as density and crystallinity of the matrix material have strong influences on migration kinetics and therefore, on the cling forces. Cling forces increase with increasing aging time, having a maximum after 2 weeks of production. The following slight decrease of the cling force might be correlated with a beginning degradation process of the UV sensitive PIB. Polyisobutylene with higher molecular weight diffuses slower through a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix than lower molecular weight PIB, but can cause higher cling forces on the film surfaces. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40239.
Tribological mechanism improving the wear resistance of polyurethane/epoxy interpenetrating polymer network via nanodiamond hybridization
Authors: Xia Shaoling , Liu Yingliang , Zhang Linqi , Wang Dongmei , Zou Wenjun , Peng Jin , Cao Shaokui 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe excellent synergistic effect of physical/mechanical properties of polyurethane/epoxy (PU/EP) interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) and the validity of nanofilling have one potential to improve the wear resistance of polymeric materials. With the aim of practical application, PU/EP IPN nanocomposites are prepared with nanodiamond (ND) as a reinforcing additive. Results showed the uniform thermal stability and the excellent compatibility between PU and EP in ND‐hybridized PU/EP IPN. Simultaneously, ND particles work as crosslinked points improving the physical/mechanical properties of ND‐hybridized PU/EP IPN, especially the wear resistance. The measurement of tribological property and the scanning electron microscope indicated that the wear resistance is able to be improved a lot by the formation of IPN and by the addition of ND. Consequently, the tribological mechanism of PU/EP IPN nanocomposites comes into being. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40244.
Surface modification of aramid fibers via ammonia‐plasma treatment
Authors: Li Shuang , Han Keqing , Rong Huaiping , Li Xuanzhe , Yu Muhuo 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, aramid fibers III were surface modified using an ammonia‐plasma treatment to improve the adhesive performance and surface wettability. The surface properties of fibers before and after plasma treatment were investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The interfacial shear strength of each aramid fibers III‐reinforced epoxy composites was studied by micro‐debonding test. The ammonia‐plasma treatment caused the significant chemical changes of aramid fibers III, introducing nitrogen‐containing polar functional groups, such as CN and CONH, and improving their surface roughness, which contributed to the improvement of adhesive performance and surface wettability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40250.
The preparation of VEGFR1/CD3 bispecific antibody and its specific cytotoxicity against VEGFR1‐positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Tang Ping , Li Li , Zhou Yan , Shen Cong‐Cong , Kang Yu‐Huan , Yao Yu‐Qin , Yi Cheng , Gou Lan‐Tu , Yang Jin‐Liang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBispecific antibody (BsAb) has been proved to be a very effective antitumor approach because of its distinctive advantages of immune‐mediated cytotoxicity. To enhance the ability to recruit and activate T lymphocytes for tumor‐specific killing, we constructed and prepared a recombinant human single‐chain Fv bispecific antibody (BsAb), named VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb, targeting VEGFR1 and CD3. The VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb was expressed in CHO‐K1 cells and purified by Ni‐NTA affinity chromatography. The CD3 and VEGFR1‐binding activity of VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb was confirmed by flow cytometry. T lymphocyte activation and proliferation induced by VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb were also demonstrated in vitro. Notably, our VEGFR1/CD3 BsAb presented a powerful and specific killing effect against VEGFR1‐positive human breast cancer cell MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐435 through activating T lymphocyte at very low concentrations, indicating that it will be a valuable antibody drug for treatment of VEGFR1‐positive cancers in the future.
Microflow1, a sheathless fiber‐optic flow cytometry biomedical platform: Demonstration onboard the international space station
Authors: Dubeau‐Laramée Geneviève , Rivière Christophe , Jean Isabelle , Mermut Ozzy , Cohen Luchino Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA fiber‐optic based flow cytometry platform was designed to build a portable and robust instrument for space applications. At the core of the Microflow1 is a unique fiber‐optic flow cell fitted to a fluidic system and fiber coupled to the source and detection channels. A Microflow1 engineering unit was first tested and benchmarked against a commercial flow cytometer as a reference in a standard laboratory environment. Testing in parabolic flight campaigns was performed to establish Microflow1's performance in weightlessness, before operating the new platform on the International Space Station. Microflow1 had comparable performances to commercial systems, and operated remarkably and robustly in weightlessness (microgravity). Microflow1 supported immunophenotyping as well as microbead‐based multiplexed cytokine assays in the space environment and independently of gravity levels. Results presented here provide evidence that this fiber‐optic cytometer technology is inherently compatible with the space environment with negligible compromise to analytical performance. Published by Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc. © 2013 Government of Canada
Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm with expansile invasive carcinoma of the pancreas diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine needle aspiration: A case report
Authors: Furuhata Ayako , Minamiguchi Sachiko , Mikami Yoshiki , Kodama Yuzo , Sumiyoshi Shinji , Adachi Souichi , Haga Hironori 
Published: December 2013

Intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the pancreas, a novel entity included in the World Health Organization 2010 classification, accounts for <1% of all pancreatic exocrine neoplasms and the number of reported cases is limited in the English literature. Herein we describe the cytologic features of ITPN with invasive carcinoma showing expansile growth on endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) cytology.A 74‐year‐old male patient is presented with a 6.2 cm irregular mass in the head of the pancreas. Microscopic examination of EUS‐FNA material showed abundant branching clusters of cells, with some scattered discohesive cells. High power magnification revealed tubular and cribriform patterns with central lumina, containing mucinous or proteinaceous secretions. The constituent cells were relatively uniform and showed mild to intermediate nuclear atypia. Intracytoplasmic mucin was not identified. On cell‐block preparation, luminal spaces of clusters contained wispy luminal mucin. Immunohistochemically, constituent cells were positive for MUC1 and MUC6, and were negative for MUC5AC.The large cribriform and tubular clusters with luminal spaces containing wispy mucin were considered to be diagnostic clues for the cytologic diagnosis of ITPN by EUS‐FNA. MUC1, MUC6, and MUC5AC immunohistochemistry for cell‐block preparation appears to be a useful adjunctive tool to confirm the diagnosis. On EUS‐FNA, ITPN should be included in the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic mass lesion showing good circumscription. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:314–320. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parent skills training treatment for parents of children and adolescents with eating disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Goodier Gabrielle H. G. , McCormack Julie , Egan Sarah J. , Watson Hunna J. , Hoiles Kimberley J. , Todd Gillian , Treasure Janet L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined the experience of parents of children with eating disorders after having participated in a skills‐based training intervention.MethodEleven parents were interviewed and transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsParent responses were organised around key themes of (1) effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention; (2) interpersonal experience of the group process; and (3) feedback on intervention content. Overall, the transfer of specialist skills was highly valued by parents and applied within the home and hospital setting.DiscussionThis study contributes preliminary evidence that skills‐based training may improve parent self‐efficacy, psychological distress, anxiety, and burden. This intervention can also be a cost‐effective method for supporting carers, and future research is required to contribute data on treatment efficacy for patients in addition to parents. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:368–375)