bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Arteriovenous Fistulae for Home Parenteral Nutrition – a Review of the Literature
Authors: Al-Amin Azzam , Wood Jonathan , Atturu Gnanesh , Gouda Mohammed R. , Donnellan Clare F. , Burke Dermot A. 
Published: April 2013

Purpose Delivery of home parenteral nutrition (HPN), traditionally via tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) is associated with several complications, the commonest being catheter related bloodstream infections. We have reviewed the literature to investigate the use of arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) as a viable alternative to traditional routes for long-term parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods A literature search was performed using the Medline database, PubMed and a Google Scholar search. Search terms (keywords) used were: parenteral AND nutrition AND arteriovenous AND fistula for Title and Abstract. Our search yielded 12 articles (1972-2012). Two were excluded because of foreign language and difficult retrieval. The final yield was 10 papers. Results There were four case reports, six original papers (one Swedish, one French – both excluded), one abstract and one letter to the editor. There were 19 native AVF, 11 bovine grafts (BG), four synthetic grafts (SG) and 10 autologous venous grafts (AVG). The maximum recorded length of use was 86, 54, 16.7 and 300 months, respectively. Complication rates per fistula calculated from literature were 0.47, 1.18, 2.0 and 0.3 respectively. Apart from these results, a recent retrospective study ( 13 ) of 62 AVFs for HPN patients revealed an infection rate far lower than all types of CVC and a slightly higher occlusion rate than long-term CVCs. Conclusions There is relatively little data regarding this method. AVFs have been used successfully for HPN in patients with poor vasculature, on hemodialysis or recurrent line sepsis. This technique perhaps warrants more thorough exploration. Further research is required.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of (Z)‐3‐Arylthioacrylic Acids and Thiochromenones
Authors: Palani Thiruvengadam , Park Kyungho , Song Kwang Ho , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe three‐component reaction of aryl halides, sodium sulfide pentahydrate (Na2S⋅5 H2O), and propiolic acid in the presence of 2.5% bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride [Pd(PPh3)2Cl2], 5% 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) and 2 equivalents of 1,8‐diazabicycloundec‐7‐ene (DBU) produces stereoselectively (Z)‐3‐arylthioacrylic acids in good yields. A study of the reaction pathway suggested that the CS bond formation between aryl halides and Na2S⋅5 H2O proceeded first, and the resulting intermediate reacted with propiolic acid to produce the desired product. In addition, when the resulting product was treated with acid, the respective thiochromenones were formed in good yields.
Reversal of Stereoselectivity in Lithiation of Ferrocenyl‐imidazolones: Epimeric Substrates lead to Planar Chiral Enantiomers
Authors: Metallinos Costa , John Joshni , Nelson Jonathan , Dudding Travis , Belding Lee 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiastereoselective induction of planar chirality in ferrocenes often employs chiral sulfur‐, carbon‐ or phosphorus‐based directing groups. The origin of stereoselectivity in these reactions may be classified as (a) cyclopentadiene (Cp) ring‐controlled or (b) base‐controlled. These two categories are represented by auxiliaries that typically have stereogenic centers α or γ to the ferrocene core, respectively. In this study, it is shown that (−)‐2‐ferrocenyl‐1S‐triethylsilyloxy‐7aS‐hexahydropyrrolo[1,2‐c]imidazol‐3‐one, the anti‐epimer of the previously reported syn‐(1R,7aS) substrate, induces lithiation of the pro‐Rp rather than the pro‐Sp Cp hydrogen in >95:5 dr, leading to enantiomers of the syn‐derived planar chiral imidazolones upon electrophile quench and elimination. This outcome provides a practical way to prepare planar chiral enantiomers in this series without having to synthesize a more expensive D‐proline‐derived starting material, since both the syn and anti starting materials are available from a common L‐proline‐derived intermediate. The origin of stereoselectivity in lithiation of the syn and anti epimers, which have β,γ‐stereogenic centers, appears to be driven primarily by the conformational bias exerted by the β‐silyloxy moiety in each chiral auxiliary, which positions the urea carbonyl within the proximity of one of the two prochiral ortho Cp hydrogens. As such, stereoselectivity is likely Cp ring‐controlled for both compounds despite their lack of α‐ferrocenyl stereogenic centers. This conclusion is supported by the insensitivity of lithiation selectivity to the bulkiness of the base, comparisons of enantiomers, deuteration experiments, nOe difference studies, and computational modeling of the ground states and lithiation transition states for both substrates.
Chiral Selectivity in the Binding of [4]Helicene Derivatives to Double‐Stranded DNA
Authors: Kel Oksana , Fürstenberg Alexandre , Mehanna Nathalie , Nicolas Cyril , Laleu Benoît , Hammarson Martin , Albinsson Bo , Lacour Jerôme , Vauthey Eric 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe interaction of a series of chiral cationic [4]helicene derivatives, which differ by their substituents, with double‐stranded DNA has been investigated by using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including time‐resolved fluorescence, fluorescence anisotropy, and linear dichroism. Addition of DNA to helicene solutions results to a hypochromic shift of the visible absorption bands, an increase of fluorescence quantum yield and lifetime, a slowing down of fluorescence anisotropy decay, and a linear dichroism in flow‐oriented DNA, which unambiguously points to the binding of these dyes to DNA. Both helicene monomers and dimeric aggregates, which form at higher concentration, bind to DNA, the former most probably upon intercalation and the latter upon groove binding. The binding constant depends substantially on the dye substituents and is, in all cases, larger with the M than the P enantiomer, by factors ranging from 1.2 to 2.3, depending on the dye.
Four‐Center Oxidation State Combinations and Near‐Infrared Absorption in [Ru(pap)(Q)2]n (Q=3,5‐Di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐aryl‐1,2‐benzoquinonemonoimine, pap=2‐Phenylazopyridine)
Authors: Das Dipanwita , Agarwala Hemlata , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Patra Tuhin , Mobin Shaikh M. , Sarkar Biprajit , Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe complex series [Ru(pap)(Q)2]n ([1]n–[4]n; n=+2, +1, 0, −1, −2) contains four redox non‐innocent entities: one ruthenium ion, 2‐phenylazopyridine (pap), and two o‐iminoquinone moieties, Q=3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐N‐aryl‐1,2‐benzoquinonemonoimine (aryl=C6H5 (1+); m‐(Cl)2C6H3 (2+); m‐(OCH3)2C6H3 (3+); m‐(tBu)2C6H3 (4+)). A crystal structure determination of the representative compound, [1]ClO4, established the crystallization of the ctt‐isomeric form, that is, cis and trans with respect to the mutual orientations of O and N donors of two Q ligands, and the coordinating azo N atom trans to the O donor of Q. The sensitive CO (average: 1.299(3) Å), CN (average: 1.346(4) Å) and intra‐ring CC (meta; average: 1.373(4) Å) bond lengths of the coordinated iminoquinone moieties in corroboration with the NN length (1.292(3) Å) of pap in 1+ establish [RuIII(pap0)(Q.−)2]+ as the most appropriate electronic structural form. The coupling of three spins from one low‐spin ruthenium(III) (t2g5) and two Q.− radicals in 1+–4+ gives a ground state with one unpaired electron on Q.−, as evident from g=1.995 radical‐type EPR signals for 1+–4+. Accordingly, the DFT‐calculated Mulliken spin densities of 1+ (1.152 for two Q, Ru: −0.179, pap: 0.031) confirm Q‐based spin. Complex ions 1+–4+ exhibit two near‐IR absorption bands at about λ=2000 and 920 nm in addition to intense multiple transitions covering the visible to UV regions; compounds [1]ClO4–[4]ClO4 undergo one oxidation and three separate reduction processes within ±2.0 V versus SCE. The crystal structure of the neutral (one‐electron reduced) state (2) was determined to show metal‐based reduction and an EPR signal at g=1.996. The electronic transitions of the complexes 1n–4n (n=+2, +1, 0, −1, −2) in the UV, visible, and NIR regions, as determined by using spectroelectrochemistry, have been analyzed by TD‐DFT calculations and reveal significant low‐energy absorbance (λmax>1000 nm) for cations, anions, and neutral forms. The experimental studies in combination with DFT calculations suggest the dominant valence configurations of 1n–4n in the accessible redox states to be [RuIII(pap0)(Q.−)(Q0)]2+ (12+–42+)→[RuIII(pap0)(Q.−)2]+ (1+–4+)→[RuII(pap0)(Q.−)2] (1–4)→[RuII(pap.−)(Q.−)2]− (1−–4−)→[RuIII(pap.−)(Q2−)2]2− (12−–42−).
Potent Antimalarial 1,2,4‐Trioxanes through Perhydrolysis of Epoxides
Authors: Hao Hong‐Dong , Wittlin Sergio , Wu Yikang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPerhydrolysis of a sterically congested multifunctional epoxide was achieved in ethereal H2O2 with the aid of a recently developed Mo catalyst. The resulting hydroperoxide cyclized to give a 1,2,4‐trioxane, which could be readily elaborated into qinghaosu and a range of novel analogues. Some of the compounds with two such trioxane moieties showed in vitro antimalarial activity comparable to or even better than that of artesunate or chloroquine.
Influence of gestational diabetes on circadian rhythms of children and their association with fetal adiposity
Authors: Zornoza‐Moreno Matilde , Fuentes‐Hernández Silvia , Prieto‐Sánchez María T. , Blanco José E. , Pagán Ana , Rol María‐Ángeles , Parrilla Juan J. , Madrid Juan A. , Sánchez‐Solis Manuel , Larqué Elvira 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the circadian rhythm maturation of temperature, activity and sleep during the first year of life in offspring of diabetic mothers (ODM) and its relationship with obesity markers.MethodsA prospective analysis of the children of 63 pregnant women (23 controls, 21 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) controlled with diet and 19 GDM with insulin). Fetal abdominal circumference was evaluated ecographically during gestation. Skin temperature and rest‐activity rhythms were monitored for 3 consecutive days in children at 15 days and 1, 3 and 6 months. Anthropometrical parameters of the children were evaluated during the first year of life.ResultsChildren from the GDM groups tended to higher fetal abdominal circumference z‐score than controls at the beginning of the last trimester (p = 0.077) and at delivery (p = 0.078). Mean skin temperature or activity was not different among the groups. The I < O sleep index pointed to increasing concordance with parental sleeping at 3 and 6 months but no significant GDM‐dependent differences. However, some of the parameters that define temperature maturation and also the circadian function index from the temperature‐activity variable were significantly lower at 6 months in the GDM + insulin group. Fetal abdominal circumference z‐score, as a predictor of fetal adiposity, correlated negatively with parameters related to circadian rhythm maturation as the circadian/ultradian rhythm (P1/Pult ratio).ConclusionsFetal adiposity correlated with a worse circadian rhythm regulation in ODM. In addition, ODM insulin‐treated showed a disturbed pattern of the circadian function index of temperature activity at 6 months of age. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of new pathogenic candidates for diabetic macular edema using fluorescence‐based difference gel electrophoresis analysis
Authors: Hernández Cristina , García‐Ramírez Marta , Colomé Nuria , Corraliza Lidia , García‐Pascual Luis , Casado Joan , Canals Francesc , Simó Rafael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiabetic macular edema is the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. The aim of the present study was to explore the differential proteomic pattern of the vitreous fluid from diabetic macular edema patients by means of fluorescence‐based difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE).MethodsSamples of vitreous from eight type 2 diabetic patients [four with diabetic macular edema without proliferative diabetic retinopathy and four with proliferative diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular edema), and eight from non‐diabetic subjects with idiopathic macular hole (control group) were selected from our vitreous bank for proteomic analysis. To further confirm the potential candidates identified by DIGE, 18 additional samples (six proliferative diabetic retinopathy, six diabetic macular edema and six macular hole, matched by age) were analysed by enzyme‐linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsSelecting an abundance ratio of 1.5‐fold, p < 0.05, as the threshold for the study, four proteins were specifically associated with diabetic macular edema. Hemopexin was significantly higher in the vitreous fluid of patients with diabetic macular edema in comparison with both control subjects and proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients. By contrast, clusterin, transthyretin and crystallin S were significantly decreased in the vitreous of patients with diabetic macular edema. The differential production of hemopexin, clusterin and transthyretin was further confirmed by ELISA.ConclusionsProteomic analysis by DIGE was useful in identifying new potential candidates involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema. These results could open up new strategies in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The efficacy of a brief group cbt program in treating patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa: A brief report
Authors: Jones Allan , Clausen Loa 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of a brief group cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) program in treating a large cohort of patients diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.MethodTreatment outcome defined as reductions in bulimia related behavioral symptoms and bulimia related distress was examined in 205 consecutive new patients enrolled in an eight‐session group CBT program.ResultsSignificant reductions in eating disorder pathology were found on all measures of bulimia related behavioral symptoms, as well as on all measures of bulimia related distress.DiscussionThere is strong evidence for the efficacy of brief group CBT in treating patients with bulimia nervosa. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:560–562)
Genetic variants associated with disordered eating
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Gordon Scott , Medland Sarah , Bulik Cynthia M. , Heath Andrew C. , Montgomery Grant W. , Martin Nicholas G. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveAlthough the genetic contribution to the development of anorexia nervosa (AN) has long been recognized, there has been little progress relative to other psychiatric disorders in identifying specific susceptibility genes. Here, we have carried out a genome‐wide association study on an unselected community sample of female twins surveyed for eating disorders.MethodWe conducted genome‐wide association analyses in 2,564 female twins for four different phenotypes derived from self‐report data relating to lifetime presence of 15 types of disordered eating: AN spectrum, bulimia nervosa (BN) spectrum, purging via substances, and a binary measure of no disordered eating behaviors versus three or more. To complement the variant level results, we also conducted gene‐based association tests using VEGAS software.ResultsAlthough no variants reached genome‐wide significance at the level of p < 10−8, six regions were suggestive (p < 5 × 10−7). The current results implicate the following genes: CLEC5A, LOC136242, TSHZ1, and SYTL5 for the AN spectrum phenotype; NT5C1B for the BN spectrum phenotype; and ATP8A2 for the disordered eating behaviors phenotype.DiscussionAs with other medical and psychiatric phenotypes, much larger samples and meta‐analyses will ultimately be needed to identify genes and pathways contributing to predisposition to eating disorders. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:594–608)
Light‐Induced Excited Spin‐State Properties in 1D Iron(II) Chain Compounds
Authors: Baldé Chérif , Bauer Wolfgang , Kaps Eike , Neville Suzanne , Desplanches Cédric , Chastanet Guillaume , Weber Birgit , Létard Jean François 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWith the ultimate goal of rationally studying the factor able to affect the stability of the photoinduced high‐spin state, we selected three iron(II) 1D coordination polymers with the general formula [FeLeq(Lax)]·solvent with Leq = {3,3′‐[1,2‐phenylenebis(iminomethylidyne)]bis(2,4‐pentanedionato)(2‐)‐N,N′,O2,O2′}; Lax = 4,4′‐bipyridine (bipy, 1), 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridyl)ethane (bpea, 2), and 1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane (bppa, 3); and solvent MeOH. This series of complexes comprises 1D chains with structures varying from linear (for bipy) over step‐like (for bpea) to zigzag (for bppa). For all the materials, the thermal spin‐crossover properties were measured and the stabilities of the photoinduced high‐spin states were probed through determination of the T(LIESST) values associated with the light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (LIESST) effect. For some of the investigated samples, the existence of steps in the relaxation of the photoinduced high‐spin state was discussed.
Towards the Synthesis of Lyngbyaloside B: Stereoselective Synthesis of the C1–C16 Macrolactone Core Segment
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Haldar Animesh , Maity Tapas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA highly stereoselective synthesis of the C1–C16 macrolactone core segment of the cytotoxic macrolide lyngbyaloside B has been achieved. The synthetic strategy involved aldol additions of chlorotitanium enolates of N‐propionyl thiazolidinethiones to achieve non‐Evans as well as Evans syn‐propionate aldol reactions as the key steps to establish four of the seven stereogenic centres present in the macrolactone core (2). The C7 hydroxy group and tertiary hydroxy group at C13 were introduced by using different strategies for the regioselective opening of epoxides generated by Katsuki–Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation. A crucial intermolecular acyl ketene trapping by the tertiary alcohol at C13, and a subsequent ring‐closing metethesis reaction served to unite the northern and southern hemisphere subunits to construct the macrolactone core (2).
Versatile Synthesis of Acylfuranones by Reaction of Acylketenes with α‐Hydroxy Ketones: Application to the One‐Step Multicomponent Synthesis of Cadiolide B and Its Analogues
Authors: Peixoto Philippe Alexandre , Boulangé Agathe , Leleu Stéphane , Franck Xavier 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFunctionalized acylfuranones have been prepared in a one‐step procedure by thermal fragmentation of the corresponding dioxinones in the presence of hydroxy ketones in basic conditions. Multicomponent reactions also occur on addition of an aldehyde as a third reaction partner resulting in an expeditious access to cadiolide B and its analogues.
Nucleophilic Reactivities and Lewis Basicities of 2‐Imidazolines and Related N‐Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Maji Biplab , Baidya Mahiuddin , Ammer Johannes , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Mayer Peter , Ofial Armin R. , Mayr Herbert 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe nucleophilicity parameters N and sN, as defined by the linear free‐energy equation log k(20 °C) = sN(N + E), of the 2‐imidazolines 1a–d and the related N‐heterocyclic compounds 2–5 have been determined by studying the rates of their reactions with differently substituted benzhydrylium ions in dichloromethane at 20 °C by stopped‐flow or laser flash photolysis techniques. It is demonstrated that the N and sN parameters thus obtained can be used to reliably predict the rate constants for their reactions with Michael acceptors of known electrophilicity E. A comparison of the nucleophilicity parameters of the imidazoline derivatives 1 with other commonly used nucleophilic organocatalysts shows that they are 10 to 103 times less nucleophilic than PPh3, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene, or 4‐(dimethylamino)pyridine. The structure–reactivity relationships of these heterocycles are discussed.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Hushinone, Birkenol, and Birkenal
Authors: Hirokawa Takafumi , Kuwahara Shigefumi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe first enantioselective synthesis of hushinone, a tricyclic norsesquiterpenoid with an unprecedented carbon framework identified from the essential oils of birch trees, was accomplished by using intramolecular halolactone alkylation as the key step. Two other bicyclic norsesquiterpenoids in the essential oils, birkenol and birkenal, which share the same carbon skeleton as hushinone, were also synthesized for the first time through eliminative lactone ring opening of hushinone. Comparison of the specific rotation data between the synthetic and natural products led to the confirmation of the absolute configuration of the natural products.
Improving Purity and Process Volume During Direct Electrolytic Reduction of Solid SiO2 in Molten CaCl2 for the Production of Solar‐Grade Silicon
Authors: Yasuda Kouji , Nohira Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Katsutoshi , Kani Naoya , Tsuda Tetsuya , Hagiwara Rika 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe direct electrolytic reduction of solid SiO2 is investigated in molten CaCl2 at 1123 K to produce solar‐grade silicon. The target concentrations of impurities for the primary Si are calculated from the acceptable concentrations of impurities in solar‐grade silicon (SOG‐Si) and the segregation coefficients for the impurity elements. The concentrations of most metal impurities are significantly decreased below their target concentrations by using a quartz vessel and new types of SiO2‐contacting electrodes. The electrolytic reduction rate is increased by improving an electron pathway from the lead material to the SiO2, which demonstrates that the characteristics of the electric contact are important factors affecting the reduction rate. Pellet‐ and basket‐type electrodes are tested to improve the process volume for powdery and granular SiO2. Based on the purity of the Si product after melting, refining, and solidifying, the potential of the technology is discussed.
Utilization of CO2 as cushion gas for porous media compressed air energy storage
Authors: Oldenburg Curtis M. , Pan Lehua 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPorous media compressed air energy storage (PM‐CAES) and geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) can potentially be combined when CO2 is used as the cushion gas. The large increase in density of CO2 around its critical pressure at near‐critical temperature means that a PM‐CAES reservoir operated around the CO2 critical pressure could potentially store more air (energy) for a given pressure rise in the reservoir. One‐dimensional (1D) radial TOUGH2 simulations of PM‐CAES with CO2 as the cushion gas have been carried out to investigate pressurization and gas‐gas mixing effects. We find that pervasive pressure gradients in PM‐CAES make it desirable to position the air‐CO2 interface close to the well, but cushion gas at such locations is subject to strong and undesirable air‐CO2 mixing and subsequent production of CO2 up the well. To avoid this negative effect, CO2 cushion gas should be located at the far outer margins of storage reservoirs where mixing will be very slow. In such a configuration, the super‐compressibility of CO2 will not be exploited, but CO2 can be stored in the GCS context potentially earning significant value for the PM‐CAES project depending on the price of carbon. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd