bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black South African women in construction: cues for success
Authors: English Jane , Hay Paula 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to describe the findings of interviews based on a questionnaire and a focus group discussion (conducted in 2011) with three Black women employees who were part of a 2006 study, which canvassed 176 employees and employers, in which carpentry was found to be considered the most accessible and appropriate skills area for women, and chronicles their development and assessment of current employment for women in construction.

Design/methodology/approach
– The focus group was made up of the women from the 2006 study still in the same employment or better positions in the same company Neil Muller Construction (NMC) after five years. Women from NMC, in particular, were selected because the company has been considered a best practice example and therefore would provide an interesting context in terms of the issues around retention of women and potentially a model for the industry. Foci are female representation, barriers, conditions, skills acquisition and employers’ attitudes to family responsibilities. In particular, measures to support women and the impact of role models and mentoring programmes are discussed.

Findings
– The results of the 2011 focus group study show that positive measures for women to work in construction are developing, both through legislation (e.g. the Construction Charter) and company efforts such as those of NMC. Both the 2006 and 2011 studies highlighted that female attributes such as being peacekeepers on site were considered favourable, indicating a positive shift in attitude regarding women working in construction.

Research limitations/implications
– There has been and remains a paucity of research into and literature on the topic of women in the construction industry, particularly working at the skills level.

Practical implications
– The paper has practical implications for employers wanting to increase employment and retention of women on site by providing a best practice example.

Social implications
– Increased employment of women is a statuary requirement of South African employment law. Women are, on average, the lowest wage earners.

Originality/value
– The paper reviews challenges for women in construction and ways these can be circumvented through interaction between industry and companies. The challenges are entry and retention because of the practices and attitudes typical in a male-dominated work environment. As a follow-up to previous research of 2006 into barriers to entry for women, this paper adds value by considering retention and a best practice example. As women’s lack of knowledge of the sector is also a barrier, this paper contributes to building knowledge. Further research should determine developing trends in terms of women’s representation in the construction industry.
Influence of cement/sand ratio on behavior of cement mortar
Authors: Mollo Luigi 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of cement/sand ratio on behaviour of cement mortar.

Design/methodology/approach
– Literature review was used to confirm that the cement/sand ratio have influence on the mortar strength and that its influence is not very studied. The literature points out also that the constitutive model of mortar is very important in the structural design of masonry but it has not been investigated much.

Findings
– The results of study allow to forecast the mortar strength by the cement/sand ratio when the water/cement ratio is fixed (0.50). Besides, the obtained experimental results allow defining a constitutive model for sand mortar.

Research limitations/implications
– Other experiments would be proper to extend the research field.

Practical implications
– The findings are of particular importance to mix design of cement mortar and to structural design of masonry. In fact, for mortar in the practices, there are no constitutive equations to use in the structural calculation, and so, normally the engineers use the constitutive equations of concrete (very rough). The idea is to find constitutive equations that, using simple and economic tests, allow to engineers to model more correctly the realty.

Originality/value
– There are few studies which try to investigate the relationship between the behaviour of cement mortar and cement/sand ratio, as well as to study constitutive model of cement mortar. This paper contributes to bridging that gap.
In hot and cold water: differential life‐history traits are key to success in contrasting thermal deep‐sea environments
Authors: Marsh Leigh , Copley Jonathan T. , Tyler Paul A. , Thatje Sven 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Few species of reptant decapod crustaceans thrive in the cold‐stenothermal waters of the Southern Ocean. However, abundant populations of a new species of anomuran crab, Kiwa tyleri, occur at hydrothermal vent fields on the East Scotia Ridge.

As a result of local thermal conditions at the vents, these crabs are not restricted by the physiological limits that otherwise exclude reptant decapods south of the polar front.

We reveal the adult life history of this species by piecing together variation in microdistribution, body size frequency, sex ratio, and ovarian and embryonic development, which indicates a pattern in the distribution of female Kiwaidae in relation to their reproductive development.

High‐density ‘Kiwa’ assemblages observed in close proximity to sources of vent fluids are constrained by the thermal limit of elevated temperatures and the availability of resources for chemosynthetic nutrition. Although adult Kiwaidae depend on epibiotic chemosynthetic bacteria for nutrition, females move offsite after extrusion of their eggs to protect brooding embryos from the chemically harsh, thermally fluctuating vent environment. Consequently, brooding females in the periphery of the vent field are in turn restricted by low‐temperature physiological boundaries of the deep‐water Southern Ocean environment. Females have a high reproductive investment in few, large, yolky eggs, facilitating full lecithotrophy, with the release of larvae prolonged, and asynchronous. After embryos are released, larvae are reliant on locating isolated active areas of hydrothermal flow in order to settle and survive as chemosynthetic adults. Where the cold water restricts the ability of all adult stages to migrate over long distances, these low temperatures may facilitate the larvae in the location of vent sites by extending the larval development period through hypometabolism.

These differential life‐history adaptations to contrasting thermal environments lead to a disjunct life history among males and females of K. tyleri, which is key to their success in the Southern Ocean vent environment.

We highlight the complexity in understanding the importance of life‐history biology, in combination with environmental, ecological and physiological factors contributing to the overall global distribution of vent‐endemic species.
The Analysis of Colored Acrylic, Cotton, and Wool Textile Fibers Using Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy. Part 2: Comparison with the Traditional Methods of Fiber Examination
Authors: Buzzini Patrick , Massonnet Genevieve 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the second part of this survey, the ability of micro‐Raman spectroscopy to discriminate 180 fiber samples of blue, black, and red cottons, wools, and acrylics was compared to that gathered with the traditional methods for the examination of textile fibers in a forensic context (including light microscopy methods, UV‐vis microspectrophotometry and thin‐layer chromatography). This study shows that the Raman technique plays a complementary and useful role to obtain further discriminations after the application of light microscopy methods and UV‐vis microspectrophotometry and assure the nondestructive nature of the analytical sequence. These additional discriminations were observed despite the lower discriminating powers of Raman data considered individually, compared to those of light microscopy and UV‐vis MSP. This study also confirms that an instrument equipped with several laser lines is necessary for an efficient use as applied to the examination of textile fibers in a forensic setting.
Deformation, Stratigraphy, Structures and Shortening of the Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt in Southwest Iran Analysis by Restoration
Authors: Ehsan BARZGAR , Iraj ABDOLLAHIE FARD , Rasoul HAMIDZADEH MOGHADAM , Emadoddin ABDOLLAHIE KHALILI , Aboozar GARAVAND 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA structural cross‐section constructed across the Zagros Fold‐Thrust Belt covering the Abadan Plain, Dezful Embayment, and Izeh Zone applied 2D and 3D seismic data, well data, surface and subsurface geological maps, satellite images and field reconnaissance. Besides validation and modification of the cross‐section, restoration allows better understanding of the geology, structural style and stratigraphy of the Zagros basin. In the area of interest, the Hormuz basal decollement and the Gachsaran detachment play the most significant roles in the structural style and deformation of the Zagros belt. More complexity is associated with interval decollements such as Triassic evaporites, Albian shales and Eocene marls. A variety of lithotectonic units and detachment surfaces confound any estimation of shortening, which generally decreases with increasing depth. Deformation completely differs in the Abadan Plain, Dezful Embayment and Izeh Zone because of different sedimentation histories and tectonic evolution; gentle and young structures can be interpreted as pre‐collisional structures of the Dezful Embayment before the Late Cretaceous. After the Late Cretaceous, the Mountain Front Fault is the main control of sedimentation and deformation in the Zagros Basin, and this completely characterizes fold style and geometry within the Dezful Embayment and the Izeh Zone.
Chronology and Crust‐Mantle Mixing of Ore‐forming Porphyry of the Bangongco: Evidence from Zircon U‐Pb Age and Hf Isotopes of the Naruo Porphyry Copper‐Gold Deposit
Authors: Xiong ZHOU , Guangchun FEI , Yu ZHOU , Chunqi WEN , Yi ZHANG , Xiangyuan YUE 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Naruo porphyry copper‐gold deposit (hereinafter referred to as the Naruo deposit) in Tibet is a potentially ultra‐large, typical gold‐rich porphyry copper deposit, which was recently discovered in the Bangongco‐Nujiang metallogenic belt. This study analyzed U‐Pb chronology and Hf isotopes of the ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyry in the Naruo deposit using the LA‐ICPMS dating technique. The results show that the weighted average age is 124.03±0.94Ma (MSWD=1.7, n=20), and 206Pb/238U isochron age is 126.2±2.7 Ma (MSWD=1.02, n=20), both of which are within the error. The weighted average age represents the crystallization age of the granodiorite porphyry, which indicates that the ore‐bearing porphyry in the Naruo deposit area was formed in the Early Cretaceous and further implies that the Neo‐tethys Ocean had not been closed before 124 Ma under a typical island‐arc subduction environment. The εHf(t) of zircons from the granodiorite porphyry varies from 2.14 to 9.07, with an average of 5.18, and all zircons have εHf(t) values greater than 0; 176Hf/177Hf ratio is relatively high (0.282725–0.282986). Combined with the zircon age—Hf isotope correlation diagram, the aforementioned data indicate that the source reservoir might be a region that is mixed with depleted mantle and ancient crust, which possibly contains more materials sourced from depleted mantle. Rock‐forming ages and ore‐forming ages of the Duolong ore concentrate area are 120–124 Ma and 118–119 Ma, respectively, which indicate 124–118 Ma represents the main rock‐forming and ore‐forming stage within the area. The Naruo deposit is located in the north of the Bangongco‐Nujiang suture, and it yielded a zircon LA‐ICPMS age of 124.03 Ma. This indicates the Bangongco‐Nujiang oceanic basin subducted towards the north at about 124 Ma, and the Neo‐tethys Ocean had not been closed before the middle Early Cretaceous. It is possible that the crust‐mantle mixing formed the series of large and giant porphyry copper‐gold deposits in the Bangongco.
Formation Conditions and Sedimentary Model of Over‐Flooding Lake Deltas within Continental Lake Basins: An Example from the Paleogene in the Jiyang Subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Jian WANG , Yingchang CAO , Huimin LIU , Yongjin GAO 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA large quantity of drilling core, paleontology, geochemistry and geophysics data revealed several features of the Jiyang subbasin during the deposition of the Ek1‐Es4x members: (1) the paleotopography of the gentle slope belt had an extremely low gradient; (2) the paleoclimate frequently alternated between dry and wet periods in a generally arid setting; (3) there was strong weathering around the periphery of the basin; (4) the lake was very shallow; (5) the lake level frequently rose and fell; and (6) the sedimentary environment of the gentle slope belt was an over‐flooding lake. All of these factors provided favorable geological conditions for the development of an over‐flooding lake delta. The lithologies of the continental over‐flooding lake delta deposits are complex and diverse. The compositional maturity is moderate to low, and the grain size distribution curves and sedimentary structures indicate the presence of both gravity and traction currents. The sedimentary microfacies associations consist of a combination of ordered superposition of flood channels, distributary channels and sheet sands. The delta exhibits a weak foreset seismic reflection. The over‐flooding lake delta deposits are laterally extensive. The sandstone content is high, and the individual sandstone beds are thin. The flood channel and distributary channel deposits exhibit evidence of bifurcation and lateral migration. The distribution of the sandbodies and the oxidation color of the mudstones provide evidence of cyclic deposition. The paleoclimate was the dominant factor controlling the development of the over‐flooding lake delta. Due to the frequently alternating wet and dry paleoclimates, the over‐flooding lake delta is characterized by the development of a broad upper plain and a lower delta plain. The upper delta plain is characterized by flood channel deposits, whereas the lower delta plain is represented by distributary channel deposits. The transition zone is characterized by the interaction of flood channels and distributary channels. Due to fault activity, the sandbodies of the over‐flooding lake delta were juxtaposed against hydrocarbon source rocks, which was favorable for the development of lithologic reservoirs or structural‐lithologic reservoirs. The lower delta plain deposits comprise the most favorable reservoirs.
Using a simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ score to predict in‐hospital care and outcomes
Authors: JOKELA K. , SETÄLÄ P. , VIRTA J. , HUHTALA H. , YLI‐HANKALA A. , HOPPU S. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundMedical emergency team (MET) activation criteria serve as a predictor of serious adverse events on hospital wards and in the emergency department (ED). We aimed to determine whether in‐hospital MET activation criteria would be useful in identifying patients at risk in pre‐hospital care.MethodsThe data were collected retrospectively from 610 adult patients treated by physician‐staffed helicopter emergency medical services. Pre‐hospital vital signs were compared with MET activation criteria and scored accordingly to receive a simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ score. The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality. The secondary outcome measures were admission to intensive care unit and the length of ED stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay. The simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ score was also compared with Emergency Severity Index (ESI) used as a triage tool in ED.ResultsHigher simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ scores were associated with hospital mortality (P < 0.001), the need for ICU treatment (P < 0.001) and a more urgent ESI class in the ED (P < 0.001). Higher simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ scores were associated with shorter stay in the ED (P < 0.001), longer stay in the ICU (P < 0.001) and longer hospital stay (P < 0.001). A simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ score was an independent predictor for hospital mortality (odds ratio 2.42, confidence interval 1.84 3.18, P < 0.001), regardless of age or patient's previous overall physical health classified by American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification system.ConclusionA simplified pre‐hospital ‘MET’ score is a predictor for patient outcome and could serve as a risk assessment tool for the health care provider on‐scene.
CGRP receptor antagonists and antibodies against CGRP and its receptor in migraine treatment
Authors: Edvinsson Lars 
Published: March 2015

Recently developed calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonistic molecules have shown promising results in clinical trials for acute treatment of migraine attacks. Drugs from the gepant class of CGRP receptor antagonists are effective and do not cause vasoconstriction, one of the major limitations in the use of triptans. However their use had to be discontinued because of risk of liver toxicity after continuous exposure. As an alternative approach to block CGRP transmission, fully humanized monoclonal antibodies towards CGRP and the CGRP receptor have been developed for treatment of chronic migraine (attacks >15 days/month). Initial results from phase I and II clinical trials have revealed promising results with minimal side effects and significant relief from chronic migraine as compared with placebo.The effectiveness of these various molecules raises the question of where is the target site(s) for antimigraine action. The gepants are small molecules that can partially pass the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and therefore, might have effects in the CNS. However, antibodies are large molecules and have limited possibility to pass the BBB, thus effectively excluding them from having a major site of action within the CNS. It is suggested that the antimigraine site should reside in areas not limited by the BBB such as intra‐ and extracranial vessels, dural mast cells and the trigeminal system. In order to clarify this topic and surrounding questions, it is important to understand the localization of CGRP and the CGRP receptor components in these possible sites of migraine‐related regions and their relation to the BBB.
Analysing content and patterns of interaction for improving the learning design of networked learning environments
Authors: Haya Pablo A. , Daems Oliver , Malzahn Nils , Castellanos Jorge , Hoppe Heinz Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLearning Analytics constitutes a key tool for supporting Learning Design and teacher‐led inquiry into student learning. In this paper, we demonstrate how a Social Learning Analytics toolkit can combine social network analysis and content analysis for supporting a global and formal teacher inquiry. This toolkit not only supports teachers in improving the organisation of the learning process but also generates important input to improve the students' reflection on their own learning. Our examples show how combinations of different levels of analysis can provide deep insight in the learning process. We report a case study that exemplifies the main features of our approach and the kind of outcomes that can be obtained. Commenting and rating processes on videos are analysed based on user traces from a social learning platform. Finally, we point out implications on the learning design for networked learning environments in general.
Primary cutaneous cribriform carcinoma: report of six cases with clinicopathologic data and immunohistochemical profile
Authors: Arps David P. , Chan May P. , Patel Rajiv M. , Andea Aleodor A. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundPrimary cutaneous cribriform carcinoma (PCCC) is a rare and under‐recognized variant of sweat gland carcinoma, characterized by anastomosing tubules and solid nests producing a sieve‐like appearance.MethodsSix cases of PCCC were clinically, histopathologically and immunophenotypically studied.ResultsAll cases showed an unencapsulated, nodular dermal tumor composed of solid and cribriform nests, cords and tubules embedded within a desmoplastic stroma. Some tubules showed micropapillary projections reminiscent of tubular adenoma, and intraluminal thin bridges resembling adenomatoid tumor. One case showed a predominantly solid component. Only two cases showed very focal decapitation secretion. Tumor cells expressed CK7, CK5/6, EMA, CEA, S‐100, BerEP4 and c‐kit and were negative for cytokeratin 20, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR), androgen receptor and GCDFP‐15. Calponin, p63 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) showed absence of a myoepithelial layer.ConclusionsContrary to the original reports, our series shows that PCCC may be predominantly solid with only a minor cribriform component, and expresses c‐kit and S‐100 which may potentially lead to the misdiagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Immunohistochemical stains may aid in distinction from tubular adenoma. Current data suggest a favorable outcome, as metastatic disease has not been reported to date.
A high molecular mass zinc transporter MTP12 forms a functional heteromeric complex with MTP5 in the Golgi in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fujiwara Takashi , Kawachi Miki , Sato Yori , Mori Haruki , Kutsuna Natsumaro , Hasezawa Seiichiro , Maeshima Masayoshi 
Published: March 2015

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required for plant growth and development. In Arabidopsis thaliana, several families of Zn transporters engaged in Zn import, export and intracellular compartmentalization play important roles in Zn homeostasis. We describe a novel Zn transporter, A. thaliana metal tolerance protein 12 (AtMTP12), which belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator family. AtMTP12 is predicted to consist of 798 amino acids and have 14 transmembrane segments. The expression of AtMTP12 in suspension‐cultured cells was not affected by Zn deficiency or excess. Heterologous expression in a mutant of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that lacks Msc2p, an orthologue of AtMTP12, revealed that AtMTP12 complements the growth phenotype of the msc2 mutant when AtMTP5t1, one of the splicing variants of AtMTP5, is coexpressed. Transient expression of AtMTP12‐fused green fluorescent protein in A. thaliana mesophyll protoplasts demonstrated that AtMTP12 is localized to the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, AtMTP12 and AtMTP5t1 interact in the Golgi, as determined by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. These results suggest that AtMTP12 forms a functional complex with AtMTP5t1 to transport Zn into the Golgi.DatabaseNucleotide sequence data for full‐length of AtMTP12 is available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database under accession number AB986563.
The NHS Health Check programme: insights from a qualitative study of patients
Authors: Ismail Hanif , Atkin Karl 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an insight into the process of patients receiving Health Checks and to determine the extent to which patients were supported to reduce the risks of developing cardiovascular disease through behaviour change.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were undertaken with 45 patients about their initial experiences of undertaking a Health Check. They were followed up 1 year later to assess whether the behavioural changes reported after the Health Check had been maintained.ResultsPatients expressed a need for individualized support in order to stay motivated and to adopt long‐term diet and lifestyle changes.ConclusionsThose involved in the delivery of the programme need to adopt a consistent approach in terms of explaining the purpose of the Health Check, communicating risk and consider the challenges and the barriers that influence behaviour change.