bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapping and visualizing intermediate steps in the mismatch repair pathway in vivo
Authors: Lenhart Justin S. , Pillon Monica C. , Guarné Alba , Simmons Lyle A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryDuring mismatch repair, MutS is responsible for mismatch detection and the recruitment of MutL to the mismatch through a mechanism that is unknown in most organisms. Here, we identified a discrete site on MutS that is occupied by MutL in Bacillus subtilis. The MutL binding site is composed of two adjacent phenylalanine residues located laterally in an exposed loop of MutS. Disruption of this site renders MutS defective in binding MutL in vitro and in vivo, while also eliminating mismatch repair. Analysis of MutS repair complexes in vivo shows that MutS mutants defective in interaction with MutL are ‘trapped’ in a repetitive loading response. Furthermore, these mutant MutS repair complexes persist on DNA away from the DNA polymerase, suggesting that MutS remains loaded on mismatch proximal DNA awaiting arrival of MutL. We also provide evidence that MutS and MutL interact independent of mismatch binding by MutS in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that MutL can transiently probe MutS to determine if MutS is mismatch bound. Together, these data provide insights into the mechanism that MutS employs to recruit MutL, and the consequences that ensue when MutL recruitment is blocked.
Effects of an integrated problem‐based learning and simulation course for nursing students
Authors: Roh Young Sook , Kim Sang Suk , Kim Sung Hee 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe adaptability of high‐fidelity simulations to multiple learning strategies is an essential feature of their effective use, however, little is known about the effects of integration simulations with problem‐based learning. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an integrated course with problem‐based learning and simulation by evaluating college‐based stress, student perceptions on their competence and small group learning, and comparing stress and student perceptions level by grade point average. One group post‐test only design was employed with a cohort of 185 second year nursing students who were enrolled in a seven‐block integrated circulo‐respiratory course with problem‐based learning and simulation. Nursing students evaluated their stress as moderate with the academic subdomain as the highest stressor. The students reported favorable student perceptions on competence and small group learning. Nursing students view problem‐based learning with simulations‐based learning favorably irrespective of their course grade. The results of this study indicate that integration of problem‐based learning with simulation should be considered for broader application in nursing education.
HvZIP7 mediates zinc accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) at moderately high zinc supply
Authors: Tiong Jingwen , McDonald Glenn K. , Genc Yusuf , Pedas Pai , Hayes Julie E. , Toubia John , Langridge Peter , Huang Chun Y. 
Published: September 2013

Summary

High expression of zinc (Zn)‐regulated, iron‐regulated transporter‐like protein (ZIP) genes increases root Zn uptake in dicots, leading to high accumulation of Zn in shoots. However, none of the ZIP genes tested previously in monocots could enhance shoot Zn accumulation. In this report, barley (Hordeum vulgare) HvZIP7 was investigated for its functions in Zn transport.

The functions of HvZIP7 in planta were studied using in situ hybridization and transient analysis of subcellular localization with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter. Transgenic barley lines overexpressing HvZIP7 were also generated to further understand the functions of HvZIP7 in metal transport.

HvZIP7 is strongly induced by Zn deficiency, primarily in vascular tissues of roots and leaves, and its protein was localized in the plasma membrane. These properties are similar to its closely related homologs in dicots. Overexpression of HvZIP7 in barley plants increased Zn uptake when moderately high concentrations of Zn were supplied. Significantly, there was a specific enhancement of shoot Zn accumulation, with no measurable increase in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) or cadmium (Cd). HvZIP7 displays characteristics of low‐affinity Zn transport.

The unique function of HvZIP7 provides new insights into the role of ZIP genes in Zn homeostasis in monocots, and offers opportunities to develop Zn biofortification strategies in cereals.
Accuracy of acoustic respiration rate monitoring in pediatric patients
Authors: Patino Mario , Redford Daniel T. , Quigley Thomas W. , Mahmoud Mohamed , Kurth C. Dean , Szmuk Peter 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundRainbow acoustic monitoring (RRa) utilizes acoustic technology to continuously and noninvasively determine respiratory rate from an adhesive sensor located on the neck.ObjectiveWe sought to validate the accuracy of RRa, by comparing it to capnography, impedance pneumography, and to a reference method of counting breaths in postsurgical children.MethodsContinuous respiration rate data were recorded from RRa and capnography. In a subset of patients, intermittent respiration rate from thoracic impedance pneumography was also recorded. The reference method, counted respiratory rate by the retrospective analysis of the RRa, and capnographic waveforms while listening to recorded breath sounds were used to compare respiration rate of both capnography and RRa. Bias, precision, and limits of agreement of RRa compared with capnography and RRa and capnography compared with the reference method were calculated. Tolerance and reliability to the acoustic sensor and nasal cannula were also assessed.ResultsThirty‐nine of 40 patients (97.5%) demonstrated good tolerance of the acoustic sensor, whereas 25 of 40 patients (62.5%) demonstrated good tolerance of the nasal cannula. Intermittent thoracic impedance produced erroneous respiratory rates (>50 b·min−1 from the other methods) on 47% of occasions. The bias ± SD and limits of agreement were −0.30 ± 3.5 b·min−1 and −7.3 to 6.6 b·min−1 for RRa compared with capnography; −0.1 ± 2.5 b·min−1 and −5.0 to 5.0 b·min−1 for RRa compared with the reference method; and 0.2 ± 3.4 b·min−1 and −6.8 to 6.7 b·min−1 for capnography compared with the reference method.ConclusionsWhen compared to nasal capnography, RRa showed good agreement and similar accuracy and precision but was better tolerated in postsurgical pediatric patients.
Masson Tumor Arising in a Congenital Vascular Anomaly
Authors: Anderson Jill C. , Brown Katherine K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCongenital and infantile Masson's tumors are rare. We report a case of Masson's tumors arising within a congenital vascular mass in an otherwise healthy infant. The diagnosis was made following surgical excision and supported by histologic staining. There has been no recurrence of the lesions to date.
BB‐UVA vs. NB‐UVB in the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized controlled clinical study (single blinded)
Authors: El‐Mofty Medhat , Mostafa Wedad , Youssef Randa , El‐Fangary Mona , El‐Ramly Amany , Mahgoub Doaa , Fawzy Marwa , El‐Hawary Marwa 
Published: September 2013

SummaryBackgroundVitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder that affects between 1% and 2% of the general population. Phototherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, with NB‐UVB being the most frequently used. BB‐UVA can be a plausible alternative for darker population; skin photo type III and IV.Patients and MethodsThe study was a prospective, randomized, controlled, and single‐blinded clinical trial, conducted on 40 patients with bilateral symmetrical vitiligo. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; group (A) received a fixed dose of 15 J/cm2 BB‐UVA, while group (B) received NB‐UVB. The study was conducted for a period of 16 weeks (48 sessions).ResultsThe final percentage of clinical improvement was significantly higher (P = 0.047) within the BB‐UVA group (63.82% ± 27.42), than within the NB‐UVB group (44.32% ± 29.78).ConclusionBB‐UVA can be considered as an alternative treatment line for vitiligo.
The Emergence of Diverse Organic Consumers: Does a Mature Market Undermine the Search for Alternative Products?
Authors: Lund Thomas Bøker , Andersen Laura Mørch , O'Doherty Jensen Katherine 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study uses qualitative and quantitative data as well as household panel data regarding actual purchases of organic food in order to make a psychographic profiling of organic consumers and examine recent developments of organic demand inDenmark. It is shown that contemporary organic consumers have become a heterogeneous group, since three distinct positively minded segments are identified. These positively minded segments hold a very high share of all organic food sales on theDanish market and are also driving demand forward. TheDanish organic market can be said to have matured insofar as positively oriented segments that differ in their food involvement, shopping behaviour and levels of ethical concern have appeared, while marketing and distribution strategies have co‐developed with these trends. We discuss our findings in the light of the attitude‐behaviour gap that is said to exist in regard to organic consumption and the consequences that are thought to follow from the detachment of consumers from organic producers according to the much debated conventionalisation thesis.
Discrimination between cutaneous pigmentation and erythema: Comparison of the skin colorimeters Dermacatch and Mexameter
Authors: Baquié M. , Kasraee B. 
Published: September 2013

Background/purposeReproducibility and specificity of the present skin colorimeters is still limited as alterations in erythema can bias the measurement of melanin and vice versa. Here, Dermacatch®, a new colorimeter covering the visible light spectrum, has been compared with Mexameter®, an established narrow‐band reflectance spectrophotometer.MethodsRepeated measurements with both devices were initially collected on colour charts. Then, measures were compared on 12 human volunteers before and after exposure to UVB, and/or modulation of skin erythema.ResultsIn vitro sensitivity of Dermacatch to erythema/melanin covered a broader wavelength spectrum than Mexameter while in vivo sensitivity of both devices was similar. Interestingly, Mexameter's melanin and erythema values were falsely affected by an increase in erythema or variation in pigmentation respectively. On the contrary, Dermacatch's melanin and erythema values remained constant in the same circumstances. Furthermore, as Mexameter was at least twice less reproducible than Dermacatch, Mexameter showed an increased risk of a confusion over the detection of erythema or melanin fluctuations.ConclusionThe analysis of more than 18,000 measures indicated that, Dermacatch has a significantly higher specificity and reproducibility than Mexameter in the measurement of skin pigmentation and erythema.
Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-Induced Periodontal Disease in Mice
Authors: Madeira Mila Fernandes Moreira , Queiroz-Junior Celso Martins , Costa Graciela Mitre , Werneck Silvia Maria Cordeiro , Cisalpino Daniel , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Silva Tarcília Aparecida , Souza Daniele G. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPeriodontal disease (PD) is a chronic inflammatory and alveolar bone destructive disease triggered by oral biofilm-producing microorganisms, such asAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The levels of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and periodontal tissues are significantly increased during inflammatory conditions, such as PD, but the exact mechanism that links PAF to alveolar bone resorption is not well understood. In the current study, alveolar bone resorption was induced by experimental PD through the oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitansin wild-type (WT) and PAF receptor knockout (Pafr−/−) mice.In vitroexperiments usingA. actinomycetemcomitanslipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with a PAF receptor antagonist (UK74505) were also performed. The expression of lyso-PAF acetyltransferase in periodontal tissues was significantly increased 3 h afterA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS injection in mice. WT andPafr−/−mice that were subjected to oral inoculation ofA. actinomycetemcomitanspresented neutrophil accumulation and increased levels of CXCL-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in periodontal tissues. However,Pafr−/−mice presented less alveolar bone loss than WT mice. Thein vitroblockade of the PAF receptor impaired the resorptive activity ofA. actinomycetemcomitansLPS-activated osteoclasts. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that the blockade of PAF receptor may contribute to the progression of PD triggered byA. actinomycetemcomitansby directly affecting the differentiation and activity of osteoclasts.
Ecology, Diversity, and Evolution of Magnetotactic Bacteria
Authors: Lefèvre Christopher T. , Bazylinski Dennis A. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are widespread, motile, diverse prokaryotes that biomineralize a unique organelle called the magnetosome. Magnetosomes consist of a nano-sized crystal of a magnetic iron mineral that is enveloped by a lipid bilayer membrane. In cells of almost all MTB, magnetosomes are organized as a well-ordered chain. The magnetosome chain causes the cell to behave like a motile, miniature compass needle where the cell aligns and swims parallel to magnetic field lines. MTB are found in almost all types of aquatic environments, where they can account for an important part of the bacterial biomass. The genes responsible for magnetosome biomineralization are organized as clusters in the genomes of MTB, in some as a magnetosome genomic island. The functions of a number of magnetosome genes and their associated proteins in magnetosome synthesis and construction of the magnetosome chain have now been elucidated. The origin of magnetotaxis appears to be monophyletic; that is, it developed in a common ancestor to all MTB, although horizontal gene transfer of magnetosome genes also appears to play a role in their distribution. The purpose of this review, based on recent progress in this field, is focused on the diversity and the ecology of the MTB and also the evolution and transfer of the molecular determinants involved in magnetosome formation.
Functions, Compositions, and Evolution of the Two Types of Carboxysomes: Polyhedral Microcompartments That Facilitate CO
2
Fixation in Cyanobacteria and Some Proteobacteria
Authors: Rae Benjamin D. , Long Benedict M. , Badger Murray R. , Price G. Dean 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARY

Cyanobacteria are the globally dominant photoautotrophic lineage. Their success is dependent on a set of adaptations collectively termed the CO
2
-concentrating mechanism (CCM). The purpose of the CCM is to support effective CO
2
fixation by enhancing the chemical conditions in the vicinity of the primary CO
2
-fixing enzyme,
d
-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), to promote the carboxylase reaction and suppress the oxygenase reaction. In cyanobacteria and some proteobacteria, this is achieved by encapsulation of RubisCO within carboxysomes, which are examples of a group of proteinaceous bodies called bacterial microcompartments. Carboxysomes encapsulate the CO
2
-fixing enzyme within the selectively permeable protein shell and simultaneously encapsulate a carbonic anhydrase enzyme for CO
2
supply from a cytoplasmic bicarbonate pool. These bodies appear to have arisen twice and undergone a process of convergent evolution. While the gross structures of all known carboxysomes are ostensibly very similar, with shared gross features such as a selectively permeable shell layer, each type of carboxysome encapsulates a phyletically distinct form of RubisCO enzyme. Furthermore, the specific proteins forming structures such as the protein shell or the inner RubisCO matrix are not identical between carboxysome types. Each type has evolutionarily distinct forms of the same proteins, as well as proteins that are entirely unrelated to one another. In light of recent developments in the study of carboxysome structure and function, we present this review to summarize the knowledge of the structure and function of both types of carboxysome. We also endeavor to cast light on differing evolutionary trajectories which may have led to the differences observed in extant carboxysomes.
Sarcoid panuveitis associated with etanercept treatment, resolving with adalimumab
Authors: Dragnev D , Barr D , Kulshrestha M , Shanmugalingam S 
Published: September 2013

We presented a case of a 54-year-old woman, who developed sarcoidosis uveitis while on treatment with the tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) antagonist etanercept for rheumatoid arthritis. Her condition improved, but did not recover completely after the medication was stopped. After starting her on another TNFα antagonist, adalimumab, the uveitis recovered completely. Etanercept and adalimumab are from the same class of medication, but have different effects on other mediators and cells, which may explain these discrepancies.
How can socioeconomic inequalities in hospital admissions be explained? A cohort study
Authors: McCartney Gerry , Hart Carole , Watt Graham 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate which antecedent risk factors can explain the social patterning in hospital use.DesignProspective cohort study with up to 37 years of follow-up.SettingRepresentative community sample in the West of Scotland.Participants7049 men and 8353 women aged 45–64 years were recruited into the study from the general population between 1972 and 1976 (78% of the eligible population).Primary and secondary outcome measuresHospital admissions and bed days by cause and by classification into emergency or non-emergency.ResultsAll-cause hospital admission rate ratios (RRs) were not obviously socially patterned for women (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.10) or men (RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.06) in social classes IV and V compared with social classes I and II. However, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and stroke in women, and respiratory disease for men and women were socially patterned, although this attenuated markedly with the addition of baseline risk factors. Hospital bed days were generally socially patterned and the differences were largely explained by baseline risk factors. The overall RRs of mental health admissions in contrast were socially patterned for women (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.27) and men (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.06) in social classes IV and V compared with social classes I and II, but the pattern did not attenuate with the addition of baseline risk factors. Emergency hospital admissions were associated with lower social class, but there was an inverse relationship for non-emergency hospital admissions.ConclusionsOverall admissions to hospital were only marginally socially patterned, and less than would be expected on the basis of the gradient in baseline risk. However, there was marked social patterning in admissions for mental health problems. Non-emergency hospital admissions were patterned inversely according to risk. Further work is required to explain and address this inequitable gradient in healthcare use.
A model for the distribution of daily number of births in obstetric clinics based on a descriptive retrospective study
Authors: Gam Christiane M B , Tanniou Julien , Keiding Niels , Løkkegaard Ellen L 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo test whether the relatively unpredictable nature of labour onset can be described by the Poisson distribution.DesignA descriptive retrospective study.SettingFrom the Danish Birth Registry, we identified births from all seven obstetric clinics in the capital region of Denmark (n=211 290) between 2000 and the end of 2009. On each date, the number of births at each department was registered. Births are categorised based on whether an elective caesarean section or induction of labour has been performed, and among the remaining ‘non-elective births’, acute caesareans were registered.MethodsAfter the exclusion of elective caesarean sections and births after induction of labour, only ‘non-elective’ births (n=171 009) were included for the main statistical analysis. Simple descriptive plots and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyse the distribution of ‘non-elective’ births for each day of the week.Main outcome measuresThe daily number of ‘non-elective’ births.ResultsThe number of ‘non-elective’ births varies considerably over the days of the week and over the year for each obstetric clinic regardless of clinic size. However, for each fixed day of the week, the variation over the year is well described by a Poisson distribution, allowing simple prediction of the variability. For births at each fixed day of the week, the Poisson distribution is indistinguishable from a normal distribution.ConclusionsThe number of ‘non-elective’ births for each day of the week is well described by a Poisson distribution. Consequently, the Poisson model is suitable for estimating the variation in the daily number of ‘non-elective’ births and could be used for planning of staffing in obstetric clinics. The model can be used in smaller as well as larger clinics.
Cross-sectional survey: smoking among medical, pharmacy, dental and nursing students, University of Health Sciences, Lao PDR
Authors: Sychareun Vanphanom , Hansana Visanou , Choummanivong Molina , Nathavong Soudavanh , Chaleunvong Kongmany , Durham Jo 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of and attitudes to smoking among third year medical, pharmacy, dentistry and nursing students in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR).DesignA cross-sectional survey conducted among third year university level, health professional students. The survey used a self-administered questionnaire which was originally developed by WHO, and modified to suit the setting.SettingThe setting was the University of Health Sciences in Vientiane, the capital of Lao PDR. Participants were recruited from the Faculties of Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing. At the time of the survey, 521 third year students were enrolled.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was prevalence of current cigarette smoking and other tobacco use. Smoking status was categorised as: current smoker, ex-smoker and non-smoker with current smokers defined as those who had smoked cigarettes or used other tobacco on one or more days during the previous 30 days.ResultsIn total, 506 respondents completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 97.1% to 98.5% across the different faculties. Overall smoking prevalence was 5.07% (95% CI 3.2% to 7.1%), which is lower than previously reported national prevalence rates. Women reported smoking less than men did (OR=0.56, 95% CI=0.013 to 0.242; p=0.003). The majority of students supported tobacco control measures. The number of people who reported receiving formal training in tobacco cessation counselling ranged from 10.9% (95% CI 5.3% to 19.1%) among nursing students to 51.1% (95% CI 40.4% to 61.7%) among medical students.ConclusionsSmoking prevalence among this cohort was relatively low. Students were supportive of tobacco control policies. Further research is needed to understand what is working in this context, in order to apply lessons learnt in similar settings. In the meantime, health professional students should be provided health education to discourage tobacco use. Information on tobacco control policies needs to be more widely disseminated.