bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of dietary weight loss on indices of norepinephrine turnover: Modulatory influence of hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Straznicky Nora E. , Lambert Elisabeth A. , Grima Mariee T. , Eikelis Nina , Richards Katrina , Nestel Paul J. , Dawood Tye , Masuo Kazuko , Sari Carolina I. , Dixon John B. , Esler Murray D. , Paul Eldho , Schlaich Markus P. , Lambert Gavin W. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to examine 1) the effects of dietary weight loss on indices of norepinephrine (NE) turnover and 2) whether baseline hyperinsulinemia modulates sympathetic neural adaptations.MethodsObese individuals aged 56 ± 1 year, BMI 32.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2, with metabolic syndrome, underwent a 12‐week hypocaloric diet (HCD, n = 39) or no treatment (n = 26). Neurochemical measurements comprised arterial dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), and NE concentrations, the steady‐state ratio of [3H]‐DHPG to [3H]‐NE, as an index of neuronal uptake, and calculated whole‐body plasma NE clearance and spillover rates.ResultsBody weight decreased by −7.4 ± 0.5% in HCD group (P < 0.001) and was accompanied by reductions in DOPA, NE, and DHPG averaging −14 ± 5% (P = 0.001), −23 ± 4% (P <0.001), and −5 ± 4% (P = 0.03), respectively. NE spillover rate decreased by −88 ± 39 ng/min (P = 0.01), whereas neuronal uptake and NE plasma clearance were unchanged. Despite similar weight loss, hyperinsulinemic subjects exhibited greater reductions in NE and NE spillover rate, compared to normoinsulinemic subjects (group by time interaction P < 0.05).ConclusionsWeight loss is associated with down‐regulation of sympathetic nervous activity but no overall alteration in disposition indices. Hyperinsulinemic subjects derive a greater sympathoinhibitory benefit during weight loss.
Geometrical design of thin film photovoltaic modules for improved shade tolerance and performance
Authors: Dongaonkar Sourabh , Alam Muhammad A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPartial shading in photovoltaic modules is an important reliability and performance concern for all photovoltaic technologies. In this paper, we show how cell geometry can be used as a design variable for improved shade tolerance and performance in monolithic thin film photovoltaic modules (TFPV). We use circuit simulations to illustrate the geometrical aspects of partial shading in typical monolithic TFPV modules with rectangular cells, and formulate rules for shade tolerant design. We show that the problem of partial shading can be overcome by modifying the cell shape and orientation, while preserving the module shape and output characteristics. We discuss two geometrical designs with cells arranged in radial and spiral patterns, which (i) prevent the reverse breakdown of partially shaded cells, (ii) improve the overall power output under partial shading, and (iii) in case of spiral design, may additionally improve the module efficiency by reducing sheet resistance losses. We compare these designs quantitatively using realistic parameters and discuss the practical aspects for their implementation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultraschall aus Licht
Authors: Paltauf Günther 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie photoakustische Bildgebung kann in biologischem Gewebe Strukturen mit optischem Kontrast sichtbar machen. Sie sendet kurze Lichtpulse, meist aus Lasern, ins Gewebe und erzeugt dort Ultraschall. Mit diffus gestreutem Licht ist eine Tiefe bis zu wenigen Zentimetern zugänglich. Breitbandige Sensoren nehmen die Ultraschallsignale auf. Entweder direkt oder über eine tomographische Rekonstruktion werden diese dann in ein zwei‐ oder dreidimensionales Bild umgewandelt. Es macht Strukturen mit erhöhter optischer Absorption sichtbar, etwa Blutgefäße. Sogar Bilder der lokalen Sauerstoffsättigung im Blut sind möglich. Zukünftige Anwendungsgebiete werden bei der Früherkennung von Brustkrebs und in der Diagnose von Hautveränderungen erwartet.
Solution properties of stilbene‐containing sterically crowded alternating polyanions
Authors: Li Yi , Savage Alice M. , Zhou Xu , Turner S. Richard , Davis Richey M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTSterically crowded stilbene‐containing alternating polyanions were prepared via an indirect strategy of synthesizing “protected” monomers followed by deprotection and neutralization of the polyanion precursors. The solution properties of these new sterically crowded polyelectrolytes were studied. Steady‐state solution shear rheology showed a pronounced polyelectrolyte effect. The persistence lengths of these polyelectrolytes were determined. The dissociation behavior of the polyanions was investigated by pH titration with HCl, and multistep dissociation behavior was observed. Chain size and aggregation were studied by using DLS at varying ionic strengths. Polyelectrolytes behaved like rigid‐rods and formed concentrated solutions at the polymer concentration of 1.0 mg mL−1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1565–1570
Respiratory insufficiency in a newborn with congenital hypothyroidism due to a new mutation of TTF‐1/NKX2.1 gene
Authors: Salerno Teresa , Peca Donatella , Menchini Laura , Schiavino Alessandra , Petreschi Francesca , Occasi Francesca , Cogo Paola , Danhaive Olivier , Cutrera Renato 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNK2 homeobox‐1 (NKX2.1) gene encoding the thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) plays a critical role in lung, thyroid, and central nervous system morphogenesis and function; mutations cause a rare form of progressive respiratory failure associated with alterations of surfactant synthesis, composition, and homeostasis. Molecular mechanisms are heterogeneous and poorly explored. A 28 days old male, soon after birth, presented respiratory failure requiring oxygen treatment at FiO2 27%, prolonged for 2 weeks. Routine neonatal screenings detected a high thyroid stimulating hormone concentration. On day 27 congenital hypothyroidism was confirmed and substitutive treatment was begun. Since the persistence of respiratory symptoms sweat test, CFTR mutation, lymphocyte subpopulations, and sputum cultures were tested, resulting negative. Brain and cardiac defects were also ruled out. Bronchoscopy and BAL analysis were normal. Computed tomography showed bilateral multiple ground glass attenuation, consolidative areas and diffuse bronchial wall thickening. Based on the severity of symptoms, the exclusion of other causes of respiratory disease and the CT findings of interstitial lung disease, we investigated genes affecting the surfactant homeostasis. Sequencing analysis of the three exons of the TTF1 revealed a heterozygous mutation c.334G > T that results in the replacement of glycine in position 112 with a stop codon, generating a nonsense protein that lacks the correct transactivation domain in the C‐terminal region. Genetic analysis of the family showed that the father, who was asymptomatic, carried the mutation. Screening for TTF‐1 deletions or mutations should always be considered in children with congenital hypothyroidism and an unexplained neonatal respiratory distress or neurodevelopmental deficits. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E42–E44. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics for cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: V. Aminoglycosides
Authors: Young David C. , Zobell Jeffery T. , Stockmann Chris , Waters C. Dustin , Ampofo Krow , Sherwin Catherine M.T. , Spigarelli Michael G. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryIntravenous (IV) anti‐pseudomonal aminoglycosides (i.e., amikacin and tobramycin) have been shown to be tolerable and effective in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations (APEs) in both pediatric and adult patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this review is to provide an evidence‐based summary of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic, tolerability, and efficacy studies utilizing IV amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin in the treatment of APE and to highlight areas where further investigation is needed. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Pulmonary Guidelines recommend that once‐daily administration of aminoglycosides is preferred over three times per day in the treatment of an APE. The literature supports dosing ranges for amikacin and tobramycin of 30–35 and 7–15 mg/kg/day, respectively, given once daily, with subsequent doses determined by therapeutic drug concentration monitoring. The literature does not support the routine use of gentamicin in the treatment of APE due to a lack of studies showing efficacy and evidence indicating an increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosing strategy of amikacin in the treatment of an APE, and to further identify risk factors and determinants that influence the development of P. aeruginosa resistance with once‐daily administration of tobramycin. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1047–1061. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐energy computations identify the mutations required to confer trans‐sialidase activity into Trypanosoma rangeli sialidase
Authors: Pierdominici‐Sottile Gustavo , Palma Juliana , Roitberg Adrian E. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTTrypanosoma rangeli's sialidase (TrSA) and Trypanosoma cruzi's trans‐sialidase (TcTS) are members of the glycoside hydrolase family 33 (GH‐33). They share 70% of sequence identity and their crystallographic Cα RMSD is 0.59 Å. Despite these similarities they catalyze different reactions. TcTS transfers sialic acid between glycoconjugates while TrSA can only cleave sialic acid from sialyl‐glyconjugates. Significant effort has been invested into unraveling the differences between TrSA and TcTS, and into conferring TrSA with trans‐sialidase activity through appropriate point mutations. Recently, we calculated the free‐energy change for the formation of the covalent intermediate (CI) in TcTS and performed an energy decomposition analysis of that process. In this article we present a similar study for the formation of the CI in TrSA, as well as in a quintuple mutant (TrSA5mut), which has faint trans‐sialidase activity. The comparison of these new results with those previously obtained for TcTS allowed identifying five extra mutations to be introduced in TrSA5mut that should create a mutant (TrSA10mut) with high trans‐sialidase activity. Proteins 2014; 82:424–435. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drugs as matrix to detect their own drug delivery system of PEG‐b‐PCL block copolymers in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Knop Katrin , Stumpf Steffi , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEThe fate of drug delivery systems (DDSs) in vivo is a widely discussed question. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) is an important tool to localize proteins and small compounds in many different tissues. This basic study was performed as an aid to obtain spatial information on DDSs in the future.METHODSLDI and MALDI‐TOF MS was used to investigate five drug molecules, i.e. madurahydroxylactone (MHL), tetrakis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THP), chartreusin (Chart), amphotericin B (AmB) and retinoic acid (RA). The drug molecules were analyzed in terms of their efficiency to act as matrix for different homopolymers and the block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PEG‐b‐PCL). The block copolymer was further utilized as a DDS to encapsulate the drug molecules previously investigated as matrices. The obtained DDSs were investigated by MALDI.RESULTSThe spectra obtained with the drugs Chart, MHL, THP and AmB did not reach the quality of the standard matrix RA. Nonetheless, they showed surprisingly good results as matrices for different homopolymers and the block copolymer. However, only the DDSs containing THP as the drug provided spectra where the drug and the block copolymer were detected.CONCLUSIONSThese results form the foundation for obtaining mass‐related information about the localization of DDSs and drugs in tissues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ice‐vapor equilibrium fractionation factor of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes: Experimental investigations and implications for stable water isotope studies
Authors: Ellehoj M. D. , Steen‐Larsen H. C. , Johnsen S. J. , Madsen M. B. 
Published: September 2013

RATIONALEThe equilibrium fractionation factors govern the relative change in the isotopic composition during phase transitions of water. The commonly used results, which were published more than 40 years ago, are limited to a minimum temperature of –33°C. This limits the reliability in cold regions. With recent instrumental developments it is now possible to test the accuracy of the earlier results as well as extend the temperature range.METHODSNovel measurements were made of the ice‐vapor equilibrium fractionation factor α between 0°C and –40°C, from a unique experimental setup using both a Picarro cavity ringdown spectrometer and a TC/EA IRMS system. Using both systems allows for continuous monitoring of the equilibrium state of the system as well as testing for reproducibility.RESULTSThe results of the experiments show fractionation factors for δ2H and δ18O values, with a temperature dependency in accordance with theory for equilibrium fractionation. We obtain the following expressions for the temperature dependency of the fractionation coefficients: Compared with previous experimental work, a significantly larger α for δ2H is obtained while, for δ18O, α is larger for temperatures below –20°C and slightly lower for temperatures above this.CONCLUSIONSUsing the new values for α, a Rayleigh distillation model shows significant changes in both magnitude and shape of an annual deuterium excess signal in Greenland. This emphasizes the importance of a well‐defined value of α for accurate studies of the processes in the hydrological cycle and underlines the significance of the differences between the results of this work and earlier work. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signature of polar cap inhomogeneities in vertical sounding data
Authors: Moskaleva E. V. , Zaalov N. Y. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe typical feature of the vertical ionogram, which is produced by local enhancements of electron density (patches and arcs), is investigated. The polar patches drift from the dayside of the Earth across the magnetic pole in accordance with convection flow patterns at speeds of a few hundred meters per second. Patches are typically about 500 km in length in the dawn‐to‐dusk direction, but they range from 200 to 1000 km and exhibit electron density enhancements of up to a factor of 10 above background. A model of the ionosphere with irregularities (midlatitude trough, auroral oval, polar cap patches, and Sun‐aligned arcs) was developed in collaboration with the University of Leicester (UK). Based on this model, the vertical ionograms for different time and geophysical conditions were simulated. The ionograms were classified by types of the trace shapes. The results of simulation are very reminiscent of the main characteristics of the ionograms observed in high latitude. It is believed that the variations of the model parameters may be employed to estimate the real parameters of the high‐latitude ionospheric inhomogeneities.
The Anemomilos prediction methodology for Dst
Authors: Tobiska W. K. , Knipp D. , Burke W. J. , Bouwer D. , Bailey J. , Odstrcil D. , Hagan M. P. , Gannon J. , Bowman B. R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper describes new capabilities for operational geomagnetic Disturbance storm time (Dst) index forecasts. We present a data‐driven, deterministic algorithm called Anemomilos for forecasting Dst out to a maximum of 6 days for large, medium, and small storms, depending upon transit time to the Earth. This capability is used for operational satellite management and debris avoidance in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Anemomilos has a 15 min cadence, 1 h time granularity, 144 h prediction window (+6 days), and up to 1 h latency. A new finding is that nearly all flare events above a certain irradiance threshold, occurring within a defined solar longitude/latitude region and having sufficient estimated liftoff velocity of ejected material, will produce a geoeffective Dst perturbation. Three solar observables are used for operational Dst forecasting: flare magnitude, integrated flare irradiance through time, and event location. Magnitude is a proxy for ejecta quantity or mass and, combined with speed derived from the integrated flare irradiance, represents the kinetic energy. Speed is estimated as the line‐of‐sight velocity for events within 45° radial of solar disk center. Storms resulting from high‐speed streams emanating from coronal holes are not modeled or predicted. A new result is that solar disk, not limb, observable features are used for predictive techniques. Comparisons between Anemomilos predicted and measured Dst for every hour over 25 months in three continuous time frames between 2001 (high solar activity), 2005 (low solar activity), and 2012 (rising solar activity) are shown. The Anemomilos operational algorithm was developed for a specific customer use related to thermospheric mass density forecasting. It is an operational space weather technology breakthrough using solar disk observables to predict geomagnetically effective Dst up to several days at 1 h time granularity. Real‐time forecasts are presented at http://sol.spacenvironment.net/~sam_ops/index.html?
Uncovering patterns of technology use in consumer health informatics
Authors: Hung Man , Conrad Jillian , Hon Shirley D. , Cheng Christine , Franklin Jeremy D. , Tang Philip 
Published: August 2013

Internet usage and accessibility has grown at a staggering rate, influencing technology use for healthcare purposes. The amount of health information technology (Health IT) available through the Internet is immeasurable and growing daily. Health IT is now seen as a fundamental aspect of patient care as it stimulates patient engagement and encourages personal health management. It is increasingly important to understand consumer health IT patterns including who is using specific technologies, how technologies are accessed, factors associated with use, and perceived benefits. To fully uncover consumer patterns it is imperative to recognize common barriers and which groups they disproportionately affect. Finally, exploring future demand and predictions will expose significant opportunities for health IT. The most frequently used health information technologies by consumers are gathering information online, mobile health (mHealth) technologies, and personal health records (PHRs). Gathering health information online is the favored pathway for healthcare consumers as it is used by more consumers and more frequently than any other technology. In regard to mHealth technologies, minority Americans, compared with White Americans utilize social media, mobile Internet, and mobile applications more frequently. Consumers believe PHRs are the most beneficial health IT. PHR usage is increasing rapidly due to PHR integration with provider health systems and health insurance plans. Key issues that have to be explicitly addressed in health IT are privacy and security concerns, health literacy, unawareness, and usability. Privacy and security concerns are rated the number one reason for the slow rate of health IT adoption. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:432–447. doi: 10.1002/wics.1276This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational and Molecular Biology
Applications of Computational Statistics > Health and Medical Data/Informatics
A Rational Route to Coordination Polymers with Condensed Networks and Cooperative Magnetic Properties
Authors: Näther Christian , Wöhlert Susanne , Boeckmann Jan , Wriedt Mario , Jeß Inke 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this report a rational route to coordination polymers that can show cooperative magnetic phenomena is presented. In this approach compounds based on transition metal cations, small sized terminal N‐bonded anionic ligands and additional neutral N‐donor co‐ligands are heated, which lead to the formation of intermediates, in which the metal cations are linked by the anionic ligands. Predominantly, the use of this method for the synthesis of bridged thio‐ and selenocyanato coordination compounds is described in this article but it can also be extended for the preparation of other compounds. In most cases the intermediates are formed in very pure form and in quantitative yields. Thus, compounds, which are not or at least very difficult to obtain, can be prepared if the synthesis is performed in solution. This is especially valid for thio‐ and selenocyanato coordination compounds, which mostly prefer terminal bonding instead of bridging coordination with less chalcophilic metal cations like e.g. MnII, FeII, CoII, or NiII. It is demonstrated how 1D and 2D networks can selectively be prepared and that this method is predestinated for the synthesis of compounds that show a slow relaxation of the magnetization. A large number of compounds were investigated in which the metal cation, the anionic ligand, or the neutral co‐ligand is exchanged, which allowed the study of structure‐property relationships. Further investigation showed that these reactions can proceed via several different intermediates. At first glance one disadvantage of this approach might be that the intermediates isolated consist of microcrystalline powders, which structurally are difficult to characterize. However, different possibilities are presented to overcome this problem including investigations of analogous compounds based on diamagnetic cadmium cations, which in contrast to the paramagnetic metal cations prefer a bridging coordination of the anionic ligands.
Localisation of Storage Reserves in Developing Seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, a Potential Agroforestry Tree
Authors: Pavithra H. R. , Sagar B. K. Chandrashekar , Prasanna K. T. , Shivanna M. B. , Gowda Balakrishna 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPongamia pinnata is an important oil yielding perennial tree species. The aim of the present study was to document the histological and ultrastructural change that is occurring during pongamia seed development. The seeds were sampled at five stages of development at intervals of 3 weeks starting from 30 weeks after flowering up to 42 weeks. The seed development was followed microscopically using toluidine blue staining. The seed coat was made up of an external layer of palisade cells, an internal layer of hourglass cells followed by a parenchymatous cell layer and aleurone cell layer. The seed reserve compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins and starch showed distinct histochemical characterisation. Lignin was mainly found in the seed coat cell layers, while polysaccharides, proteins and starch granules in the cotyledon cells. The ultrastructural studies showed marked cellular changes during the seed development. The cell size varied from 9.4 to 78 μm during the seed development. The number of oil bodies per cell ranged from 200 to 300 at 42 weeks after flowering. Protein storage vacuoles were observed during the later stages of seed development. The plastids contained electron‐dense starch granules. The seeds harvested after 42 weeks after flowering had maximum physiological maturity with high oil content and other seed reserve materials. This basic knowledge on pongamia seed development could invariably be used for further understanding of biochemical changes that might be involved in the biosynthetic pathway of oil.