bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated serum glucose levels and survival after acute heart failure: A population-based perspective
Authors: Helfand Benjamin KI , Maselli Nicholas J , Lessard Darleen M , Yarzebski Jorge , Gore Joel M , McManus David D , Saczynski Jane S , Goldberg Robert J 
Published: December 2014

Background: Limited data are available about the characteristics, treatment and survival in patients without diabetes mellitus (DM), previously diagnosed DM and patients with hyperglycaemia who present with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Our objectives were to examine differences in these endpoints in patients hospitalized with ADHF. Methods: Patients hospitalized with ADHF during 1995, 2000, 2002 and 2004 comprised the study population. Results: A total of 5428 non-diabetic patients were hospitalized with ADHF, 3807 with diagnosed DM and 513 with admission hyperglycaemia. Patients with admission hyperglycaemia experienced the highest in-hospital death rates (9.9%) compared to those with diagnosed DM (6.5%) and non-diabetics (7.5%). Patients with diagnosed DM had the greatest risk of dying after hospital discharge. Conclusions: Patients with elevated blood glucose levels at hospital admission are more likely to die acutely. After resolution of the acute illness, patients with previously diagnosed DM need careful monitoring and enhanced treatment.
A Market-Based Model of State Supreme Court News: Lessons from Capital Cases
Authors: Vining Richard L. , Wilhelm Teena , Collens Jack D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this article, we present and test a market-based model of news content about state courts of last resort. We test our theory by examining newspaper coverage of decisions in death penalty cases. Our empirical results indicate that news elements of drama, novelty, and sensationalism influence coverage of state high courts' death penalty cases rather than traditional indicators of legal salience. News content either anywhere in a newspaper or on its front page is influenced by similar factors, but front-page coverage is more sensitive to dramatic conviction reversals and the rarity of executions in a given state. Our results suggest that traditional explanations of the relationship between crime and newsworthiness have limited impact on media attention given to state supreme courts. Media coverage of state high courts is instead associated primarily with the behavior of the court and its justices.
Trapeziometacarpal arthrodesis: is bone union necessary for a good outcome?
Authors: Smeraglia F. , Soldati A. , Orabona G. , Ivone A. , Balato G. , Pacelli M. 
Published: December 2014

We present a retrospective study of 107 cases of thumb carpometacarpl joint arthrodesis. The aim of our study was to analyse our population and to compare the outcomes of patients who obtained bone union with the patients who did not. There were no statistical differences in most of the clinical outcomes (DASH score, visual analogue scale, Kapandji test, grip, and key pinch) between the two groups of patients; there were fewer cases of scaphotrapeziotrapezoid arthritis in the group that did not obtain bone union. We conclude that the bone union is not necessary for a good outcome. Level IV of evidence
TIDEL-II: first-line use of imatinib in CML with early switch to nilotinib for failure to achieve time-dependent molecular targets
Authors: Yeung David T. , Osborn Michael P. , White Deborah L. , Branford Susan , Braley Jodi , Herschtal Alan , Kornhauser Michael , Issa Samar , Hiwase Devendra K. , Hertzberg Mark , Schwarer Anthony P. , Filshie Robin , Arthur Christopher K. , Kwan Yiu Lam , Trotman Judith , Forsyth Cecily J. , Taper John , Ross David M. , Beresford Jennifer , Tam Constantine , Mills Anthony K. , Grigg Andrew P. , Hughes Timothy P. 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Using imatinib to treat CML first-line, with selective nilotinib switching, leads to excellent molecular response and survival. This strategy may be preferable to universal first-line use of more potent agents, considering efficacy, toxicity, and economic factors.
How I use fibrinogen replacement therapy in acquired bleeding
Authors: Levy Jerrold H. , Goodnough Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Fibrinogen is a critical protein for hemostasis and clot formation. However, transfusion guidelines have variable recommendations for maintaining fibrinogen levels in bleeding patients. An increasing number of studies support the practice of fibrinogen replacement therapy for acquired coagulopathies, and additional studies are underway. Fibrinogen therapy can be administered with cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrates, and clinical practice varies according to their availability and licensing status. Fibrinogen concentrate therapy has been studied in animal models and clinical trials and supports the critical role of fibrinogen repletion in bleeding patients. Point-of-care testing will have an important role in guiding fibrinogen replacement for hemostatic therapy in clinical settings such as cardiovascular surgery, postpartum hemorrhage, and trauma. Fibrinogen therapy is an important component of a multimodal strategy for the treatment of coagulopathic bleeding.
Open versus endoscopic bone resection of the dorsolateral calcaneal edge: a cadaveric analysis comparing three dimensional CT scans
Authors: Roth Klaus Edgar , Mueller Ramona , Schwand Eike , Maier Gerrit Stefen , Schmidtmann Irene , Sariyar Murat , Maus Uwe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt has been claimed that endoscopic calcaneoplasty offers some advantages over open techniques in the surgical treatment of Haglund's deformity due to reduced postoperative complications like stiffness and pain. Bony over‐resection places patients at risk of these complications. The resulting question with regard to the quantitative differences of the extent of the bone removed using these two techniques has not yet been answered. The purpose of the study was to determine the resection volume of calcaneal bone for open and endoscopic surgical techniques.Methods16 feet obtained from body donors were operated on in equal parts using either open surgical or endoscopic techniques, with the technique selected on a random basis. High‐resolution CT scans were obtained before and after the interventional procedure and analysed to obtain 3‐D polygon models. Post‐operative models were subtracted from pre‐operative models to provide the volume change resulting from the intervention. This was then correlated with the bone mineral density (BMD) of the preparation.ResultsThe extent of bony resection was greater in open surgical techniques than in endoscopic approaches. The average volume of bone resection was 0.80 (±0.34) cm3 in the endoscopic group and 3.04 (±2.91) cm3 in the group that underwent open surgery. After adjustment for bone mineral density the extent of the resection was significantly larger (p = 0.018) in the group undergoing open surgery. The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to BMD (p > 0.1). The extent of the resection fell by 0.011 cm3 per 1 mg/cm3 areal bone mineral density, i.e., a slightly lower degree of bone resection was associated with a higher bone mineral density.ConclusionsAssuming that the resection volume was adequate to treat the patient's complaints a smaller resection volume seen in our study using an endoscopic technique might lead to fewer postoperative complaints and faster recovery.
Growth and dislocation studies of β-HMX
Authors: Gallagher Hugh G , Sherwood John N , Vrcelj Ranko M 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
The defect structure of organic materials is important as it plays a major role in their crystal growth properties. It also can play a subcritical role in “hot-spot” detonation processes of energetics and one such energetic is cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine, in the commonly used beta form (β-HMX).

Results
The as-grown crystals grown by evaporation from acetone show prismatic, tabular and columnar habits, all with {011}, {110}, (010) and (101) faces. Etching on (010) surfaces revealed three different types of etch pits, two of which could be identified with either pure screw or pure edge dislocations, the third is shown to be an artifact of the twinning process that this material undergoes. Examination of the {011} and {110} surfaces show only one type of etch pit on each surface; however their natural asymmetry precludes the easy identification of their Burgers vector or dislocation type. Etching of cleaved {011} surfaces demonstrates that the etch pits can be associated with line dislocations. All dislocations appear randomly on the crystal surfaces and do not form alignments characteristic of mechanical deformation by dislocation slip.

Conclusions
Crystals of β-HMX grown from acetone show good morphological agreement with that predicted by modelling, with three distinct crystal habits observed depending upon the supersaturation of the growth solution. Prismatic habit was favoured at low supersaturation, while tabular and columnar crystals were predominant at higher super saturations. The twin plane in β-HMX was identified as a (101) reflection plane. The low plasticity of β-HMX is shown by the lack of etch pit alignments corresponding to mechanically induced dislocation arrays. On untwinned {010} faces, two types of dislocations exist, pure edge dislocations with b = [010] and pure screw dislocations with b = [010]. On twinned (010) faces, a third dislocation type exists and it is proposed that these pits are associated with pure screw dislocations with b = [010].
Eyes-closed task-free electroencephalography in clinical trials for Alzheimer’s disease: an emerging method based upon brain dynamics
Authors: van Straaten Elisabeth CW , Scheltens Philip , Gouw Alida A , Stam Cornelis J 
Published: December 2014

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG) is a longstanding technique to measure electrical brain activity and thereby an indirect measure of synaptic activity. Synaptic dysfunction accompanies Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and EEG can be regarded as a potentially useful biomarker in this disease. Lately, emerging analysis techniques of time series have become available for EEG, such as functional connectivity and network analysis, which have increased the possibilities for use in AD clinical trials. In this review, we report the EEG changes in the course of AD, including slowing of the EEG oscillations, decreased functional connectivity in the higher-frequency bands, and decline in optimal functional network organization. We discuss the use of EEG in clinical trials and provide directions for future research.
A Direct Urine Fuel Cell Operated at Intermediate Temperatures
Authors: Nagao Masahiro , Kobayashi Kazuyo , Hibino Takashi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Direct utilization of urine in fuel cells is a promising technology for conversion into electricity. Here, we report the design of anode materials for high-temperature direct urine fuel cells and the performance of a fuel cell with an optimized anode at 300 °C. The resultant peak power densities reached 16.7 mW cm−2 for urine and 26.5 mW cm−2 for urea.
Culture and identification of Borrelia spirochetes in human vaginal and seminal secretions
Authors: Middelveen Marianne J. , Burke Jennie , Sapi Eva , Bandoski Cheryl , Filush Katherine R. , Wang Yean , Franco Agustin , Timmaraju Arun , Schlinger Hilary A. , Mayne Peter J. , Stricker Raphael B. 
Published: December 2014

Background:Recent reports indicate that more than 300,000 cases of Lyme disease are diagnosed yearly in the USA. Preliminary clinical, epidemiological and immunological studies suggest that infection with the Lyme disease spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi(Bb) could be transferred from person to person via intimate human contact without a tick vector. Detecting viableBorreliaspirochetes in vaginal and seminal secretions would provide evidence to support this hypothesis.Methods:Patients with and without a history of Lyme disease were selected for the study after informed consent was obtained. Serological testing for Bb was performed on all subjects. Semen or vaginal secretions were inoculated into BSK-H medium and cultured for four weeks. Examination of genital cultures and culture concentrates for the presence of spirochetes was performed using light and darkfield microscopy, and spirochete concentrates were subjected to Dieterle silver staining, anti-Bb immunohistochemical staining, molecular hybridization and PCR analysis for further characterization. Immunohistochemical and molecular testing was performed in three independent laboratories. Positive and negative controls were included in all experiments.Results:Control subjects who were asymptomatic and seronegative for Bb had no detectable spirochetes in genital secretions by PCR analysis. In contrast, spirochetes were observed in cultures of genital secretions from 11 of 13 subjects diagnosed with Lyme disease, and motile spirochetes were detected in genital culture concentrates from 12 of 13 Lyme disease patients using light and darkfield microscopy. Morphological features of spirochetes were confirmed by Dieterle silver staining and immunohistochemical staining of culture concentrates. Molecular hybridization and PCR testing confirmed that the spirochetes isolated from semen and vaginal secretions were strains ofBorrelia, and all cultures were negative for treponemal spirochetes. PCR sequencing of cultured spirochetes from three couples having unprotected sex indicated that two couples had identical strains of Bbsensu strictoin their semen and vaginal secretions, while the third couple had identical strains ofB. hermsiidetected in their genital secretions.Conclusions:The culture of viableBorreliaspirochetes in genital secretions suggests that Lyme disease could be transmitted by intimate contact from person to person.
Do place-of-death preferences for patients receiving specialist palliative care change over time?
Authors: Evans Rebecca , Finucane Anne , Vanhegan Lynsey , Arnold Elizabeth , Oxenham David 
Published: December 2014

Background Discussing preferred place of death (PPD) with patients approaching end of life is an important part of anticipatory care planning. Preferences at a specific point in time have been described; however the extent to which preferences may change is unclear. This study examines changes in PPD. Methods A retrospective case note review of all patients who died under the care of a specialist palliative care service during a 6-month period in 2012 was undertaken. Notes relating to 299 patients were examined by a member of the clinical team. Results Of the 204 patients who had more than one PPD assessment, 57% showed a change in preference status between the first and last assessment. The majority changed from an unclarified preference to identifying a preferred place. Only 15% of patients with two or more assessments switched from one location to another. Conclusions Most patients under the care of a specialist palliative care service identify a preference for place of death as end of life approaches. Only a minority change their preference once a preferred place has been elicited. We recommend that patients are supported to explore their preferences for PPD as part of specialist palliative care, and that preferences are reviewed as end of life approaches.
Data “big” and “small” – Examples from the Australian lexical database
Authors: Bowern Claire 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe twenty-first Century has been billed the era of “big data”, and linguists are participating in this trend. We are seeing an increased reliance on statistical and quantitative arguments in most fields of linguistics, including the oldest parts of the field, such as the study of language change. The increased use of statistical methods changes the types of questions we can ask of our data, as well as how we evaluate the answers. But this all has the prerequisite of certain types of data, coded in certain ways. We cannot make powerful statistical arguments from the qualitative data that historical linguists are used to working with. In this paper I survey a few types of work based on a lexical database of Pama-Nyungan languages, the largest family in Aboriginal Australia. I highlight the flexibility with which large-scale databases can be deployed, especially when combined with traditional methods. “Big” data may require new methods, but the combination of statistical approaches and traditional methods is necessary for us to gain new insight into old problems.
Precollege nanotechnology education: a different kind of thinking
Authors: Jones M. Gail , Gardner Grant E. , Falvo Michael , Taylor Amy 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe introduction of nanotechnology education into K-12 education has happened so quickly that there has been little time to evaluate the approaches and knowledge goals that are most effective to teach precollege students. This review of nanotechnology education examines the instructional approaches and types of knowledge that frame nanotechnology precollege education. Methods used to teach different forms of knowledge are examined in light of the goal of creating effective and meaningful instruction. The developmental components needed to understand concepts such as surface area to volume relationships as well as the counterintuitive behavior of nanoscale materials are described. Instructional methods used in precollege nanotechnology education and the levels at which different nanoscale topics are introduced is presented and critiqued. Suggestions are made for the development of new nanotechnology educational programs that are developmental, sequenced, and meaningful.
Effect of irradiation on some actinide and fission product ions' extraction using several tetraalkyl diglycolamides
Authors: Gujar Rajesh Bhikaji , Dhekane Gunesh Bhalchandra , Patil Ajay Bhagwan , Mohapatra Prasanta Kumar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The radiolytic stability of different substituted diglycolamides such
as N,N,N′,N′-tetrapentyl diglycolamides(TPDGA), N,N,N′,N′-tetrahexyl
diglycolamide (THDGA), N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA),
N,N,N′,N′-tetradecyl diglycolamide (TDDGA) and N,N,N′,N′-tetra-2-ethyl
hexyl diglycolamide (T2EHDGA) was investigated in solvent systems
containing 30% iso-decanol as a phase modifier in
n-dodecane kept in contact with a 3 M HNO3
aqueous solution while irradiating in a gamma ray chamber up to
1000 kGy. The degradation of the solvent systems was
qualitatively ascertained from measuring the distribution ratio values
at 3 M and 0.2 M HNO3 which gave
a direct indication of the reusability of the solvent for long term
reuse in separation processes such as `actinide partitioning'. The
effect of irradiation on distribution values of Sr, Pu,
U was also investigated with diglycolamide extractants both
under extraction and stripping conditions. Stoichiometry of the
extracted species was determined for Am(III) extraction using
the fresh as well as the irradiated solvent systems involving all the
five substituted diglycolamides at 3 M HNO3 and
the results indicated only marginal changes. GC-MS analysis was done
for fresh and irradiated solvent systems of all the diglycolamides and
attempts were made to identify the degradation products.
A new 2-oxy-N,N-dioctylacetamide grafted resin for the separation of trivalent actinides from nitric acid medium
Authors: Robert Selvan B. , Prathibha T. , Venkatesan K. A. , Antony M. P. , Vasudeva Rao P. R. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A novel 2-oxy-N,N-dioctylacetamide anchored on Merrifield resin was
synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, TG-DTA and IR
spectroscopy, for the first time. The extraction behavior of
Am(III) and Eu(III) from nitric acid medium in the
dioctylacetamide anchored resin (R-DOA) was studied as a function of
various parameters such as duration of equilibration, concentration of
nitric acid and sodium nitrate etc. The distribution coefficient
(K
d) of Am(III) and Eu(III) in R-DOA
increased with increase in concentration of nitric acid. The
K
d values reached a maximum at 3–4 M
nitric acid concentration in both cases, followed by decrease in
K
d values. Rapid extraction of Am(III) and
Eu(III) from nitric acid medium was observed in the initial
stages of equilibration followed by the establishment of equilibrium
occurred within 60 min. The extraction data was fitted in
to the first order rate equation. The recovery of Am(III) and
Eu(III) from the loaded organic phase was studied using dilute
nitric acid. The results revealed that 2-oxyacetamide functionalized
resin is the promising candidate for the separation of trivalent
actinides and
lanthanides from nitric acid medium.
Partitioning and speciation of Pu in the sedimentary rocks aquifer from the deep liquid nuclear waste disposal
Authors: Kalmykov Stepan N. , Vlasova Irina E. , Romanchuk Anna Yu. , Zakharova Elena V. , Volkova Anna G. , Presnyakov Igor A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Plutonium partitioning and speciation was studied under the conditions
of a liquid nuclear waste repository site. The dominating effect of
corrosion products (Fe and Cr) oxides on plutonium
partitioning was established in batch sorption tests at
150 ℃ and by using sequential extraction. Various
techniques including Mössbauer spectrometry, XRD and TEM were used to
characterize Fe/Cr oxide phases that form both
precipitates and surface coatings which sorb plutonium. The sorption
and speciation of plutonium was modeled thermodynamically using
Pourbaix diagram that takes into account both surface complexation
reaction and precipitation of insoluble PuO2.
Effects of Nanomaterials on the Hydration Kinetics and Rheology of Portland Cement Pastes
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Kejin , Tanesi Jussara , Ardani Ahmad 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper, effects of nanomaterials on the hydration kinetics and rheology of ordinary Portland cement pastes were investigated. Three nanomaterials, nano-limestone, nano-silica, and nano-clay (a highly purified magnesium aluminosilicate), were added to a cement paste at the levels of 0.0 %, 0.5 %, 1.0 %, and 1.5 % (by mass) of cement. The heat of cement hydration of the paste was measured using isothermal calorimetry. Rheological behavior of the paste was characterized using a rotational rheometer. The rheology measurements were performed at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the cement was mixed with water. Set times of the paste were measured according to ASTM C191 [Standard Test Methods for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Cement by Vicat Needle, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA]. The experimental results indicate that the addition of nano-limestone and nano-silica accelerated cement early hydration, the maximum heat flow increased, whereas the time to reach the heat-flow peaks decreased. The initial and final set times were also reduced. These effects were enhanced with increased nano-addition level. The addition of nano-clay also significantly increased the intensity of the heat flow peaks, and, especially, the peak corresponding to the renewed reaction of the aluminate phase. Addition of these nanomaterials generally increased yield stress and viscosity of the cement paste, especially after 60 min when cement hydration started to accelerate. Nano-clay considerably influenced the rheological behavior of the cement paste. Significantly higher shear stresses were required to initiate the flow.