Abstract 777: Effects of Src inhibitors and soy isoflavones on human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rice Lori P. , Pampo Christine , Lepler Sharon , Siemann Dietmar W. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Src family kinases are often over-expressed and highly active in solid tumors, including prostate cancer. This phenotype is associated with a poor prognosis partly because Src is a key factor in important signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and initiation of metastasis. As a result, several promising small molecule targeting agents have been developed to prevent phosphorylation of key tyrosine residues that produce Src activation. However, these agents are not without side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine if adding a cytostatic soy isoflavone extract (ISF) to the treatment would produce optimal results at lower doses of the Src inhibitor. The ISF used in these studies has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in mice carrying human prostate cancer cell xenografts without causing toxicity to the host.
Methods: Aggressive PC-3ML cells (a gift from A. Fatatis, Drexel University), and weakly tumorigenic LNCaP cells were treated for 24 hr with various concentrations of Src inhibitors (dasatinib, saracatinib), ISF (200 ug/ml, NovaSoy), or a combination. To evaluate effects on the metastatic potential of the cells, functional assays of cell growth and motility were performed, including those that assess clonogenic cell survival, cell cycle progression, and transwell migration and invasion activity.
Results: Src inhibitors and ISF alone produced very little reduction in cell viability, but significant cytostatic effects, as determined by a reduction in clonogenicity, the number of cells able to form 50-cell colonies. This was likely due, in part, to changes in cell cycle progression. Both dasatinib and saracatinib caused an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase. As expected, ISF treatment resulted in higher numbers of cells in the G2/M phase. When the treatments were combined, cells exposed to dasatinib were observed to accumulate in both phases, with a significant decrease in S-phase cells. The results were not significant for saracatinib-treated cells. Exposure to either a Src inhibitor or ISF significantly reduced the migration of cells in a transwell chamber and their ability to invade through a Matrigel-coated 8 micron-pore membrane towards a chemoattractant (media containing 10% FBS). Dasatinib produced much greater effects, and at lower concentrations, than saracatinib. When combined with ISF, the effects were enhanced, particularly with dasatinib.
Conclusions: In vitro studies suggested that combining a Src inhibitor and ISF resulted in greater inhibition of metastatic potential than either alone. This may indicate that including ISF in treatment regimens may allow a lower dose of the targeting agent to be used to achieve optimal response and also decrease toxicity.
Citation Format: Lori P. Rice, Christine Pampo, Sharon Lepler, Dietmar W. Siemann. Effects of Src inhibitors and soy isoflavones on human prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 777. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-777