bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a practice guideline for optimal symptom relief for patients with pneumonia and dementia in nursing homes using a Delphi study
Authors: van der Maaden Tessa , van der Steen Jenny T. , de Vet Henrica C. W. , Achterberg Wilco P. , Boersma Froukje , Schols Jos M. G. A. , van Berkel Jos F. J. M. , Mehr David R. , Arcand Marcel , Hoepelman Andy I. M. , Koopmans Raymond T. C. M. , Hertogh Cees M. P. M. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a practice guideline for a structured and consensus‐based approach to relieve symptoms of pneumonia in patients with dementia in nursing homes.MethodsA five‐round Delphi study involving a panel consisting of 24 experts was conducted. An initial version of the practice guideline was developed with leading representatives of Dutch University Medical Centers with a department for elderly care medicine, based on existing guidelines for palliative care. The experts evaluated the initial version, after which we identified topics that reflected the main divergences. The experts rated their agreement with statements that addressed the main divergences on a 5‐point Likert scale. Consensus was determined according to pre‐defined criteria. The practice guideline was then revised according to the final decisions made by the project group and the representatives.ResultsThe response rate for the expert panel was 67%. Main divergences included the applicability of guidelines for palliative care to patients with dementia and pneumonia in long‐term care and the appropriateness of specific pharmacological treatment of dyspnea and coughing. Moderate consensus was reached for 80% of the statements. Major revisions included adding pharmacological treatment for coughing and recommending opioid rotation in the case of opioid‐induced delirium. Two areas of divergent opinion remained: the usefulness of oxygen administration and treatment of rattling breath. The project group made the final decision in these areas.ConclusionsWe developed a mostly consensus‐based practice guideline for patients with dementia and pneumonia and mapped controversial issues for future investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of imaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease: amyloid imaging with [18F]florbetapir positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging voxel‐based analysis for entorhinal cortex atrophy
Authors: Tateno Amane , Sakayori Takeshi , Kawashima Yoshitaka , Higuchi Makoto , Suhara Tetsuya , Mizumura Sunao , Mintun Mark A. , Skovronsky Daniel M. , Honjo Kazuyoshi , Ishihara Keiichi , Kumita Shinichiro , Suzuki Hidenori , Okubo Yoshiro 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveWe compared amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in subjects clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and older healthy controls (OHC) in order to test how these imaging biomarkers represent cognitive decline in AD.MethodsFifteen OHC, 19 patients with MCI, and 19 patients with AD were examined by [18F]florbetapir PET to quantify the standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) as the degree of amyloid accumulation, by MRI and the voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for AD to calculate z‐score as the degree of entorhinal cortex atrophy, and by mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive component—Japanese version (ADAS‐Jcog) for cognitive functions.ResultsBoth cutoff values for measuring AD‐like levels of amyloid (1.099 for SUVR) and entorhinal cortex atrophy (1.60 for z‐score) were well differentially diagnosed and clinically defined AD from OHC (84.2% for SUVR and 86.7% for z‐score). Subgroup analysis based on beta‐amyloid positivity revealed that z‐score significantly correlated with MMSE (r = −0.626, p < 0.01) and ADAS‐Jcog (r = 0.691, p < 0.01) only among subjects with beta‐amyloid.ConclusionsThis is the first study to compare [18F]florbetapir PET and MRI voxel‐based analysis of entorhinal cortex atrophy for AD. Both [18F]florbetapir PET and MRI detected changes in AD compared with OHC. Considering that entorhinal cortex atrophy correlated well with cognitive decline only among subjects with beta‐amyloid, [18F]florbetapir PET makes it possible to detect AD pathology in the early stage, whereas MRI morphometry for subjects with beta‐amyloid provides a good biomarker to assess the severity of AD in the later stage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BIRTH WEIGHT AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Chatterji Pinka , Kim Dohyung , Lahiri Kajal 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYResearch has shown that birth weight has a lasting impact on later‐life outcomes such as educational attainment and earnings. This paper examines the role of health at birth in determining academic achievement in childhood, which may provide the link between birth weight and adult outcomes. Using three waves of the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics data over 1997–2007, we build on the literature by employing the fetal growth rate as a proxy for net nutritional intake in utero and propose a nested error‐component two‐stage least squares estimator that draws on internal instruments from alternative dimensions of the multilevel panel data set. In particular, this alternative estimator allows us to exploit the information on children with no siblings in the sample, which comprise over 40% of the observations in our sample, as well as to obtain coefficient estimates for the time‐invariant variables such as race and maternal education. This would not be feasible with the usual mother fixed effects estimation. We obtain modest but significant effects of both birth weight and the fetal growth rate on math and reading scores, with the effects concentrated in the low birth weight range. Infant health measures appear to explain little of the well‐documented racial disparity in test scores. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug Launch Timing and International Reference Pricing
Authors: Houy Nicolas , Jelovac Izabela 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis paper analyzes the timing decisions of pharmaceutical firms to launch a new drug in countries involved in international reference pricing. We show three important features of launch timing when all countries refer to the prices in all other countries and in all previous periods of time. First, there is no withdrawal of drugs in any country and in any period. Second, whenever the drug is sold in a country, it is also sold in all countries with larger willingness to pay. Third, there is no strict incentive to delay the launch of a drug in any country. We then show that the first and third results continue to hold when the countries only refer to the prices of a subset of all countries in a transitive way and in any period. We also show that the second result continues to hold when the reference is on the last period prices only. Last, we show that the seller's profits increase as the sets of reference countries decrease with respect to inclusion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor R and Z1 expression as independent prognostic indicators in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Duś‐Szachniewicz Kamila , Woźniak Marta , Nelke Kamil , Gamian Elżbieta , Gerber Hanna , Ziółkowski Piotr 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe actions of tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are controlled by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases. Although substantial previous data have revealed the role of several protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in various cancers, the function of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor R (PTPRR) and protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor‐type, Z polypeptide 1 (PTPRZ1) proteins in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been studied to date.MethodsThe PTPRR and PTPRZ1 immunoreactivity in 67 formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded oral cancer tissues at different stages were analyzed with the technique of immunohistochemistry (IHC). The presence of PTPRR in cancerous tissue was confirmed by Western blotting.ResultsThe occurrence of PTPRR and PTPRZ1 proteins in the cancer specimens was more frequent in lower grade tumors. In addition, the association between the immunoreactivity of both examined proteins and improved patients survival was detected. Moreover, the PTPRR expression was found to be related to the absence of synchronous lymph node involvement.ConclusionThe above results indicate that the PTPRR and PTPRZ1 protein expression should be monitored in oral cancer for patients' prognostic stratification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1816–1822, 2015
Root length of aquatic plant, Lemna minor L., as an optimal toxicity endpoint for biomonitoring of mining effluents
Authors: Gopalapillai Yamini , Vigneault Bernard , Hale Beverley A 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Lemna minor, a free-floating macrophyte, is used for biomonitoring of mine effluent quality under the Metal Mining Effluent Regulations (MMER) of the Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) program in Canada and is known to be sensitive to trace metals commonly discharged in mine effluents such as Ni. Environment Canada's standard toxicity testing protocol recommends frond count (FC) and dry weight (DW) as the 2 required toxicity endpoints—this is similar to other major protocols such as those by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)—that both require frond growth or biomass endpoints. However, we suggest that similar to terrestrial plants, average root length (RL) of aquatic plants will be an optimal and relevant endpoint. As expected, results demonstrate that RL is the ideal endpoint based on the 3 criteria: accuracy (i.e., toxicological sensitivity to contaminant), precision (i.e., lowest variance), and ecological relevance (metal mining effluents). Roots are known to play a major role in nutrient uptake in conditions of low nutrient conditions—thus having ecological relevance to freshwater from mining regions. Root length was the most sensitive and precise endpoint in this study where water chemistry varied greatly (pH and varying concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, K, dissolved organic carbon, and an anthropogenic organic contaminant, sodium isopropyl xanthates) to match mining effluent ranges. Although frond count was a close second, dry weight proved to be an unreliable endpoint. We conclude that toxicity testing for the floating macrophyte should require average RL measurement as a primary endpoint. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:493–497. © 2014 SETAC
Key Points
Root length was the most accurate and precise endpoint for L. minor toxicity with respect to an ecological relevance to mining effluent biomonitoring Frond count was a close second to root length, but dry weight was an unreliable endpoint and should be removed from toxicity protocols The results of this study can be used to improve existing Lemna toxicity testing protocols as these are not only used for regulatory purposes, but also for research studies to better understand the impacts of contaminants on the environment
A PANEL‐REGRESSIONS INVESTIGATION OF EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY
Authors: Grossmann Axel , Orlov Alexei G. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper offers an empirical explanation behind the dynamics of the overall volatility of exchange rates and its high‐frequency, most economically destabilizing components. Spectral methodology is employed to isolate the portion of volatility attributable to high‐frequency components, and panel regressions are used to relate the volatility measures to various macroeconomic and policy variables. Given the estimated panel regressions, the paper suggests policies that may help reduce exchange rate volatility in general and along high‐frequency components in particular, thereby contributing to financial stability. The paper shows that while the macroeconomic and policy variables affecting the high‐frequency components of volatility and overall volatility are generally similar, there are some important differences. The paper also highlights the divergent impacts of policy variables in developed vis‐à‐vis developing economies. The results are robust with respect to using alternative cut‐off frequencies and estimation methods. The presented analysis may help to gain an understanding of the determinants of the most destabilizing components of exchange rate volatility and provide guidance into managing currency crises. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4.1: Distinguished Paper: Cavity Shape Control of the Roll‐to‐Roll Fabricated Novel Microstructure Film for Improving the Viewing‐Angle Characteristics of LCDs
Authors: Asaoka Yasushi , Kanno Toru , Yamamoto Emi , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Tsuda Yusuke , Shimada Yoshinori 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA microstructure film with many micro cavities positioned behind small black dots has been developed for improving LCD viewing‐angle characteristics. The micro cavities are fabricated by the self‐alignment photolithography of the transparent photoresist using the black dots as photo masks. The cavity shapes are optimized by controlling the photolithography conditions.
4.4: Vacuumless Lamination of Printable LOCA
Authors: Pennington Brian , O'Hare Jonathan , Stensvad Karl , Carlson Dan , Jerry Glen , Schlepp Arlyn , Campbell Christopher J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLiquid optically clear adhesives (LOCA) are used for direct bonding of displays to touch panels and/or cover lenses. To improve manufacturing cycle time, simplify process steps and enhance yield, 3M Company has developed a printable LOCA that maintains printed shape and enables vacuumless lamination.
5.4L: Late‐News Paper: ALA Mediated Metronomic Photodynamic Therapy in Mouse Gliomas Model using Organic Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Guo Han‐Wen , Wang Hsing‐Wen , Ho Meng‐Huan , Lee Meng‐Ting , Chen Chih‐Lei , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Lin Yusin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, we presented a pilot study of metronomic photodynamic therapy (mPDT) by the use of organic light emitting diode (OLED) in treating treatment of brain tumor. The low cost, lightweight, and low fluence rate OLED has significant potential in the clinical mPDT applications. In this study, we treated nude mice with glioblastma by 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mediated OLED, mPDT. Afterwards, we investigated the tumor severity though bioluminescenct imaging and recorded survival days. Compared to control group (ALA treatment without illumination), PDT group mice showed increased survival days. This pilot study suggests that OLED is a useful light source for mPDT.
6.3: Application of Nanocomposite Materials in the Backplane Technology of Flexible Displays
Authors: Hsieh Kun‐Lung , Hsu Tsi‐Hsuan , Ke Tsung‐Ying , Wang Pin‐Fan , Hwu Keh‐Long 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we introduced nanocomposite materials as a debonding layer (DBL) in the fabrication of flexible displays. These materials provided flexible substrate with good debonding capability even after 450oC low‐temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) process. The effect of temperature on debonding force of flexible substrate was investigated. Besides, some characteristics of thin‐film transistors (TFT) were also studied.
7.2: Red Quantum Dots under the Electron Microscope
Authors: Fern George R. , Silver Jack , Coe‐Sullivan Seth , Steckel Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCathodoluminescent imaging of the visible light emitted from quantum dots is reported. The shape and uniformity of individual particles is observed in the STEM electron image and the image of the particles created from their visible light collected simultaneously is shown. Visible light images of the 12‐13nm sized particles are reported for clusters of just 2 particles. Emission spectra collected from small clusters of around 50 nano‐particles are also reported.
7.3: Influence of Layer Thickness on the Performance of Quantum Dots Light Emitting Devices
Authors: Qasim Khan , Chen Jing , Lei Wei , Li Zhi , Pan Jiangyong , Li Qing , Xia Jun , Tu Yan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe large area quantum dots light diode assays were fabricated by using CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) as light emitting layer, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as an electron transport/injection layer (ETL) and organic polymers as hole transport layer (HTL). The performance of the device was measured for samples of different thicknesses of QDs layer. By optimizing the constituent layers thicknesses, light emitting diode arrays (10 cm×10 cm active area, 32×32 pixel) were fabricated with improved electroluminance efficiency (1 to 1.8 Cd/A), low turn‐on voltages (3.2 V) and pure QDs emission. These findings suggest that such simple tuning techniques in these LEDs will be promising for use in practical flat panel displays (FPDs).
7.5L: Late‐News Paper: Cathodoluminescence Quantum Efficiency of Quantum Dot Thin Films
Authors: Yoon Heayoung P. , Bohn Christopher D. , Lee Youngmin , Ko Seung‐Hyeon , Steckel Jonathan S. , Coe‐Sullivan Seth , Zhitenev Nikolai B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA thin film of quantum dots (QD) was used to visualize the local photo‐response of polycrystalline CdTe solar cells by down‐converting an electron beam of high energy to photons of visible light. The efficient photon generation in the QD film is compared to cathodoluminescence of the high‐purity bulk semiconductors and phosphor.
8.3: Invited Paper: Advantages of IGZO Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Matsuo Takuya , Mori Shigeyasu , Ban Atsushi , Imaya Akihiko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOxide semiconductors as represented by InGaZnO have been developed and used for driving TFT of LCD. Since there have been discussions on comparison of oxide semiconductors with amorphous and/or poly‐silicon which have been conventionally used for LCD, this paper will summarize pros and cons of each semiconductor material, deepen discussions for future developments, and clarify advantages of oxide semiconductors.
9.1: Invited Paper: Fast High Resolution Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Chigrinov Vladimir , Srivastava Abhishek , Pozhidaev Eugene , Qi Guo , Ying Ma , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFast response time, high contrast ratio various FLC electrooptical modes, are achieved through the application of photoaligning layers in FLC cells. Fast FLCD with a high resolution can be used in the screens field sequential color (FSC) FLC microdisplays, which are now one of the most advanced technologies for pico‐projectors. The switchable goggles and lenses based on new FLC prototypes can be efficiently applied in the new generation of switchable 2D/3D LCD TVs.
9.2: High Image Quality Reflective Color LCD Using Novel RGBW Technology
Authors: Mitsui Masashi , Fukunaga Yoko , Tamaki Masaya , Sakaigawa Akira , Harada Tsutomu , Takasaki Naoyuki , Nakamura Takashi , Aoki Yoshiro , Tsunashima Takanori , Hayashi Hirotaka , Nagatsuma Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the performance of a new RGBW reflective display for mobile devices is described, including high reflectance and wide color gamut.In addition, a newly developed 7‐inch WUXGA (1200 times 1920) prototype reflective color LCD using a new RGBW technology is described.
9.4: Invited Paper: Highly Birefringent Nematic Liquid Crystals and Mixtures
Authors: Kula P. , Dziaduszek J. , Herman J. , Dąbrowski R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHighly birefringent liquid crystals have always been desired by many applications in visible, infrared and recently other spectral regions such as THz and GHz as a active medium for various devices fabrication eg. light shutters, shifters, attenuators, filters, electronic lenses, delay lines, antennas, varactors and laser beam steerers.Our own results in the field have been combined with more important ones from literature and have been summarized and reviewed. Special attention will be given to compounds with oligophenyl and tolane based rigid cores for which dual approach of dipol moment generation have been applied (see figure below).imageFor such molecular design the extension of conjugated π electron system leads to high birefringence but simultaneously promotes strongly the presence of smectic phases and increases melting point and enthalpy. Therefore lateral substituents have to be introduced to the rigid core of molecules. The number, volume and position of lateral substituents depends of the length of the rigid core. Molecular engineering leading to compounds with high birefringence Δn, different value of dielectric anisotropy, low viscosity, and a broad temperature range of the nematic phase will be discussed. The properties of broad temperature range nematic mixtures with positive dielectric anisotropy (Δn=0.3‐0.5) will be presented. Additional attention will be given to the development of low losses materials designed for THz and GHz applications.
10.4: A Delamination Method and Ultra‐High‐Reliable Gas Barrier Film for Flexible OLED Displays
Authors: Lin Yu‐Ling , Ke Tsung‐Ying , Liu Chan‐Jui , Huang Chen‐Shuo , Lin Po‐Yang , Tsai Chih‐Hung , Tu Chia‐Hsun , Wang Pin‐Fang , Lu Hsueh‐Hsing , Lee Meng‐Ting , Hwu Keh‐Long , Chuang Ching‐Sang , Lin Yu‐Hsin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA highly reliable ultra‐high gas barrier (UGB) was developed and applied on the fabrication of 4.3‐inch flexible AMOLED. The water vapor transmission rate of the UGB on flexible substrate could achieve ∼ 10−6 g/m2‐day under a calcium test (60°C and 90%RH). In addition, a delamination method to remove the flexible AMOLED from the glass carrier was proposed where the mechanical strain during the delamination is controlled within 0.2%. With the incorporation of a metallic interlayer, the damage of TFT due to the electrostatic discharges from the delaminated surfaces can be prevented.
11.1: A 4‐mm Radius Curved Display with Touch Screen
Authors: Ikeda Takayuki , Nakamura Daiki , Ikeda Masataka , Iwaki Yuji , Ikeda Hisao , Watanabe Kazunori , Miyake Hiroyuki , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Yamazaki Shunpei , Kurosaki Daisuke , Ohno Masakatsu , Bower Chris , Cotton Darryl , Matthews Andrew , Andrew Piers , Gheorghiu Catalin , Bergquist Johan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe discuss the steps for obtaining a curved touch‐enabled display by using a c‐axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor, OLEDs, a flexible‐display technology, and a capacitive touch screen. This result is a side‐roll display in which the front and side surfaces are a single curved surface with a 4 mm radius.
11.2: Invited Paper: Imperceptible Electronic Skin
Authors: Sekitani Tsuyoshi , Kaltenbrunner Martin , Yokota Tomoyuki , Someya Takao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present the fabrication and electrical and mechanical characteristics of a 1‐μm‐thick ultraflexible organic transistor and demonstrate the imperceptible organic electronic systems for “Electronic Skins.” Ultraflexible and lightweight electronics, e.g., organic solar cells, polymer light‐emitting diodes and active matrix amplifiers, are manufactured on 1‐μm‐thick plastic substrates