bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature sensing and actuating capabilities of polymeric shape memory composite containing thermochromic particles
Authors: Lu Haibao , Yao Yongtao , Lin Long 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to create and to study multifunctional shape memory polymer (SMP) composites having temperature-sensing and actuating capabilities by embedding thermochromic particles within the polymer matrix.

Design/methodology/approach
– The multifunctional materials were fabricated following a process consisting of blending (of the thermochromic particles and the SMP at various ratios), mixing, degasing, moulding and thermal curing, prepared by incorporating thermochromic particles within the polymer. The effect of the thermochromic particles on the thermomechanical properties and thermally responsive shape memory effect of the resulting multifunction SMP composites were characterised and interpreted.

Findings
– It was found that exposure of the composites to temperatures above 70°C led to a pronounced change of their colour that was recorded by the thermal and electrical actuation approaches and was reproducibly reversible. It was also found that the colour of the composites was independent of the mechanical state of the SMP. Such effects enabled monitoring of the onset of the set/release temperature of the SMP matrix. Furthermore, the combination of thermochromic additive and the SMP resulted in significantly improved thermomechanical strength, absorption of infrared radiation and the temperature distribution of the SMP composites.

Research limitations/implications
– The temperature-sensing and actuating capabilities of the polymeric shape memory composites developed through this study will help to extend the field of potential applications of such composites to fields including sensors, actuators, security labels and information dissemination, where colour indication is an advantageous feature.

Originality/value
– The SMP composites capable of temperature sensing and actuating are novel.
Preparation of pigment dispersion resin and stable colour paste
Authors: Chen Lijun , Bao Zhongbin , Fu Zhengrong , Li Wen 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this research is to prepare a dispersion resin with good dispersity and a colour paste with good stability. At present, the colour paste is being prepared using the pigment dispersion resin which has the group quaternary ammonium. The dispersion resin prepared has good dispersity of pigment and extender. However, the stability of storage and construction of the colour paste is relatively poor, which has a negative influence on the application of cathodic electrodeposited (CED) coatings. However, the detailed investigation on the dispersion resin and the stable colour paste has not been reported.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three steps are adopted to prepare the dispersion resin, that is blocking toluene diisocyanate (TDI), quaternary ammoniation of blocked TDI and ring opening of epoxy resin. The resultant dispersion is used to prepare the colour paste. The factors, which have an influence on the dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste, are optimised.

Findings
– The typical recipes of preparing the dispersion resin and the resultant colour paste are obtained. The dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste are good based on the typical recipe. In addition, the film of the CED coating is smooth, dense and hard when the colour paste is used in the CED coating.

Practical implications
– The dispersion resin can be used to prepare a colour paste, which can be used in the CED coatings. In addition, it also can be applied as a binder of coatings and adhesions.

Originality/value
– The factors, which have an influence on the dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste, are studied in detail. The typical recipes of preparing the dispersion resin and the resultant colour paste are obtained. Based on the typical recipe, the dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste are good.
Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783–1862) – a pioneer rheumatologist
Authors: Travers Richard , Sayag‐Boukris Véronique 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimSir Benjamin Collins Brodie (1783–1862) was a London surgeon who investigated joint disease by observation and morbid anatomy in the first half of the 19th century. His descriptions of inflammatory joint disease have been referred to in the past, but only in a fragmentary way. This study aimed to provide more detail than previously, allowing for a new appreciation of his contributions.MethodsThe authors used the first (1818), third (1834) and fifth (1850) editions of his book, Pathological and Surgical Observations on the Diseases of Joints, to provide his description of reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.ResultsBrodie's descriptions are admirably clear. He describes reactive arthritis in the first edition of his book more completely than authors before him and even Reiter a century later. He recognised that the conjunctivo‐urethral‐synovial syndrome can occur independently of gonorrhoea, that there are often repeated attacks, and that irits is a complication – the first indication that this syndrome might be part of what we now call seronegative spondyloarthritis. The fifth edition (1850) has among the earliest descriptions in English of ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis.ConclusionBrodie's understanding of rheumatic diseases, and his willingness to pass this knowledge on, demands that he be widely recognised as a pioneer rheumatologist.
Estimating golden‐cheeked warbler immigration: implications for the spatial scale of conservation
Authors: Duarte A. , Weckerly F. W. , Schaub M. , Hatfield J. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that drive population dynamics is fundamental to species conservation and management. Since the golden‐cheeked warblerSetophaga chrysopariawas first listed as endangered, much effort has taken place to monitor warbler abundance, occupancy, reproduction and survival. Yet, despite being directly related to local population dynamics, movement rates have not been estimated for the species. We used an integrated population model to investigate the relationship between immigration rate, fledging rate, survival probabilities and population growth rate for warblers in centralTexas,USA. Furthermore, using a deterministic projection model, we examined the response required by vital rates to maintain a viable population across varying levels of immigration. Warbler abundance fluctuated with an overall positive trend across years. In the absence of immigration, the abundance would have decreased. However, the population could remain viable without immigration if both adult and juvenile survival increased by almost half or if juvenile survival more than doubled. We also investigated the response required by fledging rates across a range of immigration in order to maintain a viable population. Overall, we found that immigration was required to maintain warbler target populations, indicating that warbler conservation and management programs need to be implemented at larger spatial scales than current efforts to be effective. This study also demonstrates that by using limited data within integrated population models, biologists are able to monitor multiple key demographic parameters simultaneously to gauge the efficacy of strategies designed to maximize warbler viability in a changing landscape.
Pursuing Urban Commons: Politics and Alliances in Community Land Trust Activism in East London
Authors: Bunce Susannah 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCommunity land trust (CLT) practices contribute to analyses of the commons in both conceptual and on‐the‐ground ways. As collective action organizations, CLTs emphasize common land stewardship and resist traditional land speculation and development practices through the mitigation or halting of land value inflation. This paper traces the activist efforts of the East London CLT organization, one of Britain's first urban CLTs, in securing common land in the East London borough of Tower Hamlets, and examines their navigation of political decisions and creation of alliances. Although this process has been challenging as a result of neoliberal governance and private development interests, the East London CLT's trajectory demonstrates the frustrations of activism within these contexts but also the small successes in the pursuit and establishment of urban commons.
Early Parenting and the Development of Externalizing Behavior Problems: Longitudinal Mediation Through Children's Executive Function
Authors: Sulik Michael J. , Blair Clancy , Mills‐Koonce Roger , Berry Daniel , Greenberg Mark ,   The Family Life Project Investigators
Published: June 2015

Path analysis was used to investigate the longitudinal associations among parenting and children's executive function and externalizing behavior problems from 36 to 90 months of age in the Family Life Project (N = 1,115), a study of child development in the context of rural poverty. While controlling for stability in the constructs, semistructured observations of parenting prospectively predicted performance on a battery of executive function tasks and primary caregivers' reports of externalizing behavior. Furthermore, the association between early parenting and later externalizing behavior was longitudinally mediated by executive function, providing support for a process model in which sensitive parenting promotes children's self‐regulation, which in turn reduces children's externalizing behavior.
Association between adult height and tooth loss in a representative sample of Koreans
Authors: Han Dong‐Hun , Khang Young‐Ho , Lee Hye‐Ju 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesEvidence suggests that taller individuals have better health than that of shorter individuals. However, evidence for links to tooth loss is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adult height and tooth loss and to examine the roles of covariates in explaining the association in different birth cohorts in Korea.MethodsUsing data from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES IV and V), the subjects were grouped into two birth cohorts based on their historical context: born from 1920 to 1945 and 1946 to 1962. The dependent variables were loss of 8 or more teeth and total tooth loss (edentulism), while the independent variable was the height quartile. Demographic factors (survey year, age, and gender), early childhood/adult socioeconomic status (SES) (father's education, own education, income, and place of residence), health behaviors (cigarette smoking, binge drinking, frequency of toothbrushing, and regular dental visit), and health problems (diabetes and hypertension) were included in a series of analytical models.ResultsThe survey year‐, age‐, and gender‐adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of the loss of 8 or more teeth for the shortest quartile were 1.23 (95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.13–1.35) for the 1920–1945 birth cohorts and 1.39 (95% CI: 1.20–1.62) for the 1946–1962 birth cohorts. The PRs for edentulousness were 1.64 (95% CI: 1.34–2.02) for the 1920–1945 birth cohorts and 2.26 (95% CI: 1.31–3.91) for the 1946–1962 birth cohorts. These associations were moderately attenuated after adjusting for own education but still significant in the fully adjusted models. After full adjustment for the covariates, those in the shortest height quartiles in the relatively young birth cohorts (1946–1962 birth cohorts) had a 1.93 (95% CI: 1.09–3.43) times greater prevalence of edentulism than that of their tallest counterparts.ConclusionsGiven that adult height reflects early‐life conditions, independent associations between height and tooth loss support the view that early‐life circumstances significantly influence oral health outcomes in later life.
Empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 4‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (EASE‐1)
Authors: Pieber T. R. , Famulla S. , Eilbracht J. , Cescutti J. , Soleymanlou N. , Johansen O. E. , Woerle H. J. , Broedl U. C. , Kaspers S. 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo investigate the pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as adjunct to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes.MethodsA total of 75 patients with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations of ≥7.5 to ≤10.5% (≥58 to ≤91 mmol/mol) were randomized to receive once‐daily empagliflozin 2.5 mg, empagliflozin 10 mg, empagliflozin 25 mg, or placebo as adjunct to insulin for 28 days. Insulin dose was to be kept as stable as possible for 7 days then adjusted, at the investigator's discretion, to achieve optimum glycaemic control. The primary exploratory endpoint was change from baseline in 24‐h urinary glucose excretion (UGE) on day 7.ResultsEmpagliflozin significantly increased 24‐h UGE versus placebo on days 7 and 28. On day 28, adjusted mean differences with empagliflozin versus placebo in changes from baseline in: HbA1c were −0.35 to −0.49% (−3.8 to −5.4 mmol/mol; all p < 0.05 vs. placebo); total daily insulin dose −0.07 to −0.09 U/kg (all p<0.05 vs placebo); and weight were −1.5 to −1.9 kg (all p < 0.001 vs. placebo). In the placebo, empagliflozin 2.5, 10 and 25 mg groups, respectively, adverse events were reported in 94.7, 89.5, 78.9 and 100.0% of patients, and the rate of symptomatic hypoglycaemic episodes with glucose ≤3.0 mmol/l not requiring assistance was 1.0, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.8 episodes per 30 days.ConclusionsIn patients with type 1 diabetes, empagliflozin for 28 days as adjunct to insulin increased UGE, improved HbA1c and reduced weight with lower insulin doses compared with placebo and without increasing hypoglycaemia.
Inhibition of hydroxyapatite growth by casein, a potential salivary phosphoprotein homologue
Authors: Romero Maria J. R. H. , Nakashima Syozi , Nikaido Toru , Ichinose Shizuko , Sadr Alireza , Tagami Junji 
Published: June 2015

Salivary phosphoproteins are essential in tooth mineral regulation but are often overlooked in vitro. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of casein, as a salivary phosphoprotein homologue, on the deposition and growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) on tooth surfaces. Hydroxyapatite growth was quantified using seeded crystal systems. Artificial saliva (AS) containing HA powder and 0, 10, 20, 50, or 100 μg ml−1 of casein, or 100 μg ml−1 of dephosphorylated casein (Dcasein), was incubated for 0–8 h at 37°C, pH 7.2. Calcium concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Surface precipitation of HA on bovine enamel and dentine blocks, incubated in similar conditions for 7 d, was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Casein adsorption was assessed using modified Lowry assays and zeta‐potential measurements. The AAS results revealed a concentration‐dependent inhibition of calcium consumption. Hydroxyapatite precipitation occurred when no casein was present, whereas precipitation of HA was apparently completely inhibited in casein‐containing groups. Adsorption data demonstrated increasingly negative zeta‐potential with increased casein concentration and an affinity constant similar to proline‐rich proteins with Langmuir modelling. Casein inhibited the deposition and growth of HA primarily through the binding of esterized phosphate to HA active sites, indicating its potential as a mineral‐regulating salivary phosphoprotein homologue in vitro.
Giant cell arteritis (Horton's disease) in very elderly patients aged 80 years and older: A study of 25 cases
Authors: Muller Géraldine , Devilliers Hervé , Besancenot Jean‐François , Manckoundia Patrick 
Published: June 2015

AimAnalysis of the characteristics of very elderly patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA).MethodsPatients aged 80 years and older diagnosed with GCA in our department between 1 January 2002 and 31 July 2008 were retrospectively included. For each patient, we recorded general characteristics, reason(s) for hospitalization, specialty of the physician or department that referred the patient to us, medical history, treatment at admission, GCA clinical features, time to diagnosis of GCA, biological screening and GCA treatment.ResultsWe analyzed 25 clinical records, 18 women and seven men with a mean age of 83.9 years. General weakness, visual loss and inflammatory syndrome were the principal reasons for hospitalization. Patients were mainly referred by general practitioners or ophthalmological departments. At diagnosis, headache and musculoskeletal disorders were the most frequent signs (52% each), before general weakness and visual disorders. Time to diagnosis was 2.2 months. Inflammatory syndrome was very frequent (92%). Biopsy of the temporal artery confirmed GCA in 16 cases. Corticosteroid therapy (CST) mean dose was 0.9 mg/kg/day. Because of the positive evolution, CST was stopped in nine patients after 22.7 ± 15 months. A total of 22 patients received a preventive osteoporosis treatment. After 3 months of CST, clinical signs and IS vanished in 22 patients. CST complications, mainly infection, appeared in 17 patients.ConclusionClinical and biological features of GCA in the very elderly patients of the present study were comparable with those described in the literature in younger patients. However, it must be pointed out that our patients were not compared with a younger population in this study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
Clinical significance of serum caveolin‐1 levels in melanoma patients
Authors: Tas Faruk , Karabulut Senem , Tilgen Yasasever Ceren , Duranyildiz Derya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundCaveolin‐1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies, and its expression also strongly affects the outcomes of patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical significance of the serum levels of caveolin‐1 in patients with melanoma.Materials and methodsA total of 60 patients with a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of melanoma were enrolled into this study. Serum caveolin‐1 concentrations were determined by the solid‐phase sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. Thirty age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were included in the analysis.ResultsThe median age at diagnosis was 53.5 years, range 16–88 years. The baseline serum caveolin‐1 levels of the patients with melanoma were significantly higher than in those in the control group (0.47 vs. 0.37 ng/ml, respectively, P = 0.05). Known clinical variables, including age of patient, gender, site of lesion, histology, stage of disease, serum lactic dehydrogenase levels, and response to chemotherapy, were not found correlated with serum caveolin‐1 concentrations (P > 0.05). Moreover, serum caveolin‐1 concentration was found to have no prognostic role on survival (P = 0.44).ConclusionsSerum levels of caveolin‐1 may have a diagnostic marker in melanoma patients. However, its predictive and prognostic value was not determined.
Evidence for Pollen and Seed Transmission of the Coconut Cadang‐Cadang Viroid in Cocos nucifera
Authors: Pacumbaba E. P. , Zelazny B. , Orense J. C. , Rillo E. P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTransmission of the coconut cadang‐cadang viroid through seednuts and pollen was demonstrated experimentally. F1 progenies of healthy and infected parents pollinated with diseased pollen contained the viroid and exhibited disease symptoms 6 years after germination. The viroid was also detected in seedlings, embryos and plantlets grown in vitro originating from naturally infected palms. This study provides the first evidence for a natural mode of spread of cadang‐cadang. However, epidemiological observations suggest that this is not the only or necessarily the most common route of field transmission.
Induced Resistance in the Biocontrol of Pythium aphanidermatum by Pseudomonas spp. on Cucumber
Authors: Zhou T. , Paulitz T. C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlants of Cucumis sativus cv. Corona were grown in rockwool, with the root systems split into two separate pots. B pots were treated with water or a cell suspension of Pseudomonas corrugata isolate 13 or P. fluorescens biovar C isolate 15, two rhizosphere isolates effective as biocontrol agents against Pythium aphanidermatum. The P pot was treated with water or a suspension of zoospores of P. aphanidermatum applied at the same time (simultaneous treatment) or 1 week after B pot treatments. Most of the bacterial treatments reduced disease incidence and disease severity. Simultaneous treatment with isolate 15 increased shoot dry weight, leaf area, and number of fruit of inoculated plants in one trial. Some treatments with isolate 13 or 15 also increased root volume or root dry weight in B or P pots, compared to the inoculated plants where the B pot was treated with water only (Pythium control). Lower population densities of P. aphanidermatum in P pots were detected in some treatments to which bacteria were applied to the B pot, but only in the early stages of the experiment. This is the first report of systemic‐induced resistance against a root pathogen in cucumber obtained by application of Pseudomonas spp. to a root system spatially separated from the pathogen‐inoculated root.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. helianthi (Kawamura 1934) Dye, Wilkie et Young 1978, a Pathogen of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Arsenijević M. , Vennete R. J. , Maširević S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAmong the bacterial strains isolated from diseased sunflower leaves, eight were studied in some detail. A fluorescent pseudomonad isolated from necrotic tissues and its reisolates belong to group Ia of phytopathogenic pseudomonads which includes Pseudomonas syringae bacterium. A study of host range indicated that the pathogen infects only sunflower but not the other plant species. Based on the pathogenicity study and biochemical and physiological tests, it was concluded that the pathogen belongs to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. helianthi.
Isolation and Characterization of Viruses Present in Four Clones of Garlic (Allium sativum) in Venezuela
Authors: Marys E. , Carballo O. , Izaguirre‐Mayoral M. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIsolation and characterization of viruses infecting garlic in Venezuela indicate the presence of onion yellow dwarf virus [OYDV] in most field‐grown plants of the clones Criollo venezolano, Morado peruano and Blanco, while 14% of the Criollo venezolano plants showed co‐infection of leek yellow stripe virus [LYSV] and OYDV. In leaf tissues OYDV showed an average concentration of 165 μg/g fresh wt., the value being similar among clones. In Criollo venezolano plants co‐infected by LYSV and OYDV the concentration of the former was three fold lower than that of OYDV. Serological tests on leaf extracts of garlic plants indicated the absence of the garlic yellow streak virus [GYSV], shallot latent virus [SLV] and garlic latent virus [GLV] in the clones Criollo venezolano, Morado peruano and Blanco. GLV was found to infect plants of the clone Gigante. Physicochemical analysis of purified GLV strongly supports the inclusion of this virus as a definitive member of the carlavirus group.
New Races of Sunflower Downy Mildew (Plasmopara Halstedii) in Germany
Authors: Spring O. , Miltner F. , Gulya T. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPlasmopara halstedii, the causal agent of downy mildew of cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus), was documented in Germany for the first time in commercial fields. The pathogen was first observed in the Württemberg area, where races 1 and 4 were identified using a set of differential lines. Later, commercial fields near Baden were found to be infected by race 5, which is the first occurrence of that race outside of North America. With the discovery of race 5, there are now eight races of the sunflower downy mildew fungus that have been found in Europe. The sunflower cultivars most frequently grown in Germany were investigated for resistance to race 1, 4 and 5; while all were resistant to race 1, none were resistant to either race 4 or 5.