bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha-enolase as a potential cancer prognostic marker promotes cell growth, migration, and invasion in glioma
Authors: Song Ye , Luo Qisheng , Long Hao , Hu Zheng , Que Tianshi , Zhang Xi’an , Li Zhiyong , Wang Gang , Yi Liu , Liu Zhen , Fang WeiYi , Qi Songtao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe success of using glycolytic inhibitors for cancer treatment relies on better understanding the roles of each frequently deregulated glycolytic genes in cancer. This report analyzed the involvement of a key glycolytic enzyme, alpha-enolase (ENO1), in tumor progression and prognosis of human glioma.MethodsENO1 expression levels were examined in glioma tissues and normal brain (NB) tissues. The molecular mechanisms of ENO1 expression and its effects on cell growth, migration and invasion were also explored by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Transwell chamber assay, Boyden chamber assay, Western blot and in vivo tumorigenesis in nude mice.ResultsENO1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in glioma tissues compared to NB. In addition, increased ENO1 was associated disease progression in glioma samples. Knocking down ENO1 expression not only significantly decreased cell proliferation, but also markedly inhibited cell migration and invasion as well as in vivo tumorigenesis. Mechanistic analyses revealed that Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, pRb, and NF-κB were downregulated after stable ENO1 knockdown in glioma U251 and U87 cells. Conversely, knockdown of ENO1 resulted in restoration of E-cadherin expression and suppression of mesenchymal cell markers, such as Vimentin, Snail, N-Cadherin, β-Catenin and Slug. Furthermore, ENO1 suppression inactivated PI3K/Akt pathway regulating the cell growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression.ConclusionOverexpression of ENO1 is associated with glioma progression. Knockdown of ENO1 expression led to suppressed cell growth, migration and invasion progression by inactivating the PI3K/Akt pathway in glioma cells.
Growth mechanisms of MgO nanocrystals via a sol-gel synthesis using different complexing agents
Authors: Mastuli Mohd Sufri , Kamarulzaman Norlida , Nawawi Mohd Azizi , Mahat Annie Maria , Rusdi Roshidah , Kamarudin Norashikin 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the preparation of nanostructured materials, it is important to optimize synthesis parameters in order to obtain the desired material. This work investigates the role of complexing agents, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, in the production of MgO nanocrystals. Results from simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis (STA) show that the two different synthesis routes yield precursors with different thermal profiles. It is found that the thermal profiles of the precursors can reveal the effects of crystal growth during thermal annealing. X-ray diffraction confirms that the final products are pure, single phase and of cubic shape. It is also found that complexing agents can affect the rate of crystal growth. The structures of the oxalic acid and tartaric acid as well as the complexation sites play very important roles in the formation of the nanocrystals. The complexing agents influence the rate of growth which affects the final crystallite size of the materials. Surprisingly, it is also found that oxalic acid and tartaric acid act as surfactants inhibiting crystal growth even at a high temperature of 950°C and a long annealing time of 36 h. The crystallite formation routes are proposed to be via linear and branched polymer networks due to the different structures of the complexing agents.
A robust cooperative spectrum sensing scheme based on Dempster-Shafer theory and trustworthiness degree calculation in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Feng Shuo , Wu Qihui , Zheng Xueqiang , Xu Yuhua , Ding Guoru 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology that brings about remarkable improvement in spectrum utilization. To tackle the hidden terminal problem, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) which benefits from the spatial diversity has been studied extensively. Since CSS is vulnerable to the attacks initiated by malicious secondary users (SUs), several secure CSS schemes based on Dempster-Shafer theory have been proposed. However, the existing works only utilize the current difference of SUs, such as the difference in SNR or similarity degree, to evaluate the trustworthiness of each SU. As the current difference is only one-sided and sometimes inaccurate, the statistical information contained in each SU's historical behavior should not be overlooked. In this article, we propose a robust CSS scheme based on Dempster-Shafer theory and trustworthiness degree calculation. It is carried out in four successive steps, which are basic probability assignment (BPA), trustworthiness degree calculation, selection and adjustment of BPA, and combination by Dempster-Shafer rule, respectively. Our proposed scheme evaluates the trustworthiness degree of SUs from both current difference aspect and historical behavior aspect and exploits Dempster-Shafer theory's potential to establish a ‘soft update’ approach for the reputation value maintenance. It can not only differentiate malicious SUs from honest ones based on their historical behaviors but also reserve the current difference for each SU to achieve a better real-time performance. Abundant simulation results have validated that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing ones under the impact of different attack patterns and different number of malicious SUs.
Vpx complementation of ‘non-macrophage tropic’ R5 viruses reveals robust entry of infectious HIV-1 cores into macrophages
Authors: Mlcochova Petra , Watters Sarah A , Towers Greg J , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Gupta Ravindra K 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
It is now known that clinically derived viruses are most commonly R5 tropic with very low infectivity in macrophages. As these viruses utilize CD4 inefficiently, defective entry has been assumed to be the dominant restriction. The implication is that macrophages are not an important reservoir for the majority of circulating viruses.

Results
Macrophage infection by clinical transmitted/founder isolates was 10-100 and 30-450 fold less efficient as compared to YU-2 and BaL respectively. Vpx complementation augmented macrophage infection by non-macrophage tropic viruses to the level of infectivity observed for YU-2 in the absence of Vpx. Augmentation was evident even when Vpx was provided 24 hours post-infection. The entry defect was measured as 2.5-5 fold, with a further 3.5-10 fold block at strong stop and subsequent stages of reverse transcription as compared to YU-2. The overall block to infection was critically dependent on the mechanism of entry as demonstrated by rescue of infection after pseudotyping with VSV-G envelope. Reverse transcription in macrophages could not be enhanced using a panel of cytokines or lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Conclusions
Although the predominant block to clinical transmitted/founder viruses is post-entry, infectivity is determined by Env-CD4 interactions and can be rescued with VSV-G pseudotyping. This suggests a functional link between the optimal entry pathway taken by macrophage tropic viruses and downstream events required for reverse transcription. Consistent with a predominantly post-entry block, replication of R5 using viruses can be greatly enhanced by Vpx. We conclude therefore that entry is not the limiting step and that macrophages represent clinically relevant reservoirs for ‘non-macrophage tropic’ viruses.
The IZA evaluation dataset survey: a scientific use file
Authors: Arni Patrick , Caliendo Marco , Künn Steffen , Zimmermann Klaus F 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis reference paper describes the sampling and contents of the IZA Evaluation Dataset Survey and outlines its vast potential for research in labor economics. The data have been part of a unique IZA project to connect administrative data from the German Federal Employment Agency with innovative survey data to study the out-mobility of individuals to work. This study makes the survey available to the research community as a Scientific Use File by explaining the development, structure, and access to the data. Furthermore, it also summarizes previous findings with the survey data.JEL codesC81; H43; J68
Increased expression of Mer tyrosine kinase in circulating dendritic cells and monocytes of lupus patients: correlations with plasma interferon activity and steroid therapy
Authors: Hilliard Brendan A , Zizzo Gaetano , Ulas Mehriban , Linan Margaret K , Schreiter Jessica , Cohen Philip L 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The requirement for the immunoregulatory Mer tyrosine kinase (Mer) for optimal removal of apoptotic cells prompted us to look at its expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), in which apoptotic cell clearance is abnormal. We compared the levels of expression of Mer in normal human subjects and in patients with SLE.

Methods
We used flow cytometry of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells to compare the levels of Mer on leukocyte subsets. We used a Mer-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify soluble Mer (sMer) in plasmas.

Results
Monocytes, CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) from both normal individuals and from SLE patients expressed Mer. In both normal and SLE patients, the CD14++CD16+ subpopulation of monocytes expressed the highest levels of Mer, with somewhat lower levels on the CD14intCD16+ population. Mer levels on CD1c+ mDCs and pDCs, and sMer levels in blood were increased in SLE patients compared with controls. In patients, Mer levels on CD14intCD16+, CD14++CD16- monocytes, and CD1c+ dendritic cells correlated positively with type I interferon (IFN-I) activity detected in blood. In SLE patients treated with corticosteroids, Mer expression on monocytes correlated with prednisone dose, CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells in patients treated with prednisone had higher levels of Mer expression than those in patients not receiving prednisone.

Conclusions
We found no global defect in Mer expression in lupus blood. In contrast, we observed increased levels of Mer expression in DC populations, which could represent a response to increased IFN-I in SLE patients. Enhanced Mer expression induced by corticosteroids may contribute to its beneficial effects in SLE.
Human monocytes respond to extracellular cAMP through A2A and A2B adenosine receptors
Authors: Sciaraffia Ester , Riccomi Antonella , Lindstedt Ragnar , Gesa Valentina , Cirelli Elisa , Patrizio Mario , De Magistris Maria Teresa , Vendetti Silvia 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we test the hypothesis that cAMP, acting as an extracellular mediator, affects the physiology and function of human myeloid cells. The cAMP is a second messenger recognized as a universal regulator of several cellular functions in different organisms. Many studies have shown that extracellular cAMP exerts regulatory functions, acting as first mediator in multiple tissues. However, the impact of extracellular cAMP on cells of the immune system has not been fully investigated. We found that human monocytes exposed to extracellular cAMP exhibit higher expression of CD14 and lower amount of MHC class I and class II molecules. When cAMP-treated monocytes are exposed to proinflammatory stimuli, they exhibit an increased production of IL-6 and IL-10 and a lower amount of TNF-α and IL-12 compared with control cells, resembling the features of the alternative-activated macrophages or M2 macrophages. In addition, we show that extracellular cAMP affects monocyte differentiation into DCs, promoting the induction of cells displaying an activated, macrophage-like phenotype with reduced capacity of polarized, naive CD4+ T cells into IFN-γ-producing lymphocytes compared with control cells. The effects of extracellular cAMP on monocytes are mediated by CD73 ecto-5′-nucleotidase and A2A and A2B adenosine receptors, as selective antagonists could reverse its effects. Of note, the expression of CD73 molecules has been found on the membrane of a small population of CD14+CD16+ monocytes. These findings suggest that an extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is active in cells of the immune systems.
Biodistribution of locally or systemically transplanted osteoblast-like cells
Authors: Okabe Y. T. , Kondo T. , Mishima K. , Hayase Y. , Kato K. , Mizuno M. , Ishiguro N. , Kitoh H. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesIn order to ensure safety of the cell-based therapy for bone regeneration, we examined in vivo biodistribution of locally or systemically transplanted osteoblast-like cells generated from bone marrow (BM) derived mononuclear cells.MethodsBM cells obtained from a total of 13 Sprague-Dawley (SD) green fluorescent protein transgenic (GFP-Tg) rats were culture-expanded in an osteogenic differentiation medium for three weeks. Osteoblast-like cells were then locally transplanted with collagen scaffolds to the rat model of segmental bone defect. Donor cells were also intravenously infused to the normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for systemic biodistribution. The flow cytometric and histological analyses were performed for cellular tracking after transplantation.ResultsLocally transplanted donor cells remained within the vicinity of the transplantation site without migrating to other organs. Systemically administered large amounts of osteoblast-like cells were cleared from various organ tissues within three days of transplantation and did not show any adverse effects in the transplanted rats.ConclusionsWe demonstrated a precise assessment of donor cell biodistribution that further augments prospective utility of regenerative cell therapy. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2014;3:76–81.
Practice Management Training in the PGY1 Residency Year: Best Practices from Two Nationwide Surveys
Authors: Doligalski Christina , Verbosky Michael , Alexander Earnest , Kotis Desi , Powell Michael 
Published: March 2014

Purpose The development of future pharmacy leaders is vital to the advancement of our profession. Postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residency training requires residents to exercise leadership and practice management skills. Two national surveys were conducted to describe the current state of practice management experiences and elucidate best practice recommendations. Methods The surveys, online multiple choice and free response, queried American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)–accredited residency program practice management preceptors (survey 1) and PGY1 residents (survey 2) and were distributed via the ASHP residency program directors’ listserv. Responses were reviewed and analyzed by members of the University HealthSystem Consortium Pharmacy Council Strategic Initiatives and Programming Committee. Results Survey 1, completed by 240 institutions, identified that a combination of concentrated and longitudinal practice management experiences were used most frequently (47%), followed by concentrated alone (33%). Universally noted activities included meeting attendance (98%), projects (94%), and committee involvement (92%). Sixty-seven percent of the programs changed the experience in the previous 3 years, with 43% planning changes in the coming year. Survey 2 was completed by 58 PGY1 residents from 42 programs. Most (80%) residents stated they had enough time with their preceptors, and 55% rated their enjoyment of the rotation as 4 or 5 on a 1 to 5 scale (5 = most enjoyed) Conclusion Our findings suggest that there is not a best practice for the structure or content of the PGY1 practice management experience. These results highlight key recommendations, including the need for practice management-specific preceptor development, incorporation of longitudinal experiences, and more practice management and leadership activities.
Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-9 Promotes Cellular Migration via Up-Regulating MMP-2 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ruan Min , Zhang Zun , Li Siyi , Yan Min , Liu Shengwen , Yang Wenjun , Wang Lizheng , Zhang Chenping 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
Activation of Toll like receptors (TLRs) signaling has been implicated in promoting malignant cell invasion and metastatic potential. Previously we demonstrated that increased TLR-9 expression predicted poor survival in oral cancer patients. The objective of this study is to further investigate the roles and potential molecular mechanisms of TLR-9 signaling in human oral cancer cell invasion.

Methods
Cell migration, invasion and protein expression were detected by wound healing assay, Transwell chambers model and western blot. The secretion and activity levels of metalloproteinases-2/9 were quantified by ELISA and Gelatin zymography. EMSA and ChIP assays were employed to detect the activity of AP-1signal pathway. TLR-9 siRNA transfection was used to regulate the expression and activity of TLR-9 in oral cancer cell line HB cells.

Result
The results of both wound healing assay and in vitro Transwell assay revealed that activation of TLR-9 induced dose- and time- dependent migration and invasion of HB cells. An increased expression, secretion and activity of MMP-2 were observed upon the treatment of CpG-ODN. The TLR-9 signaling-mediated MMP-2 expression appeared to be a consequence of AP-1 activation, because that their DNA binding activity was enhanced by CpG-ODN treatment. All these influences were efficiently repressed by the knockdown of TLR-9 through siRNA or pretreatment of an AP-1 inhibitor.

Conclusion
Activation of TLR-9 signaling could promote human oral cancer HB cells invasion with the induction of MMP-2 presentation by attenuating AP-1 binding activity, suggesting a novel anti-metastatic application for TLR-9 targeted therapy in oral cancer in the future.
Anosognosia and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Pia Lorenzo , Conway Paul M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNeurological patients can be entirely unaware of their disease; this phenomenon is called anosognosia and it has been shown in different sensory-motor and cognitive domains. Lack of awareness has been investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and within different domains of it. In the present article we review the literature on anosognosia for AD that had been indexed on the Medline database until the end of 2004. Historical introduction to the subject is followed by a brief description of the anatomy and clinical characteristics of AD. An analysis of a number of studies that focus on the relationship between anosognosia and AD then follows. This review shows that anosognosia is typical in AD, compared with other types of dementia, and it is a distinctive feature in the most severe cases and particularly in the beginning phases of illness. From an anatomical point of view, anosognosia seems to be strictly connected to frontal lobe areas; in fact, patients with anosognosia and AD show a reduction of cerebral haematic flow in the frontal regions, as well as deficits of executive functions and extrapyramidal signs. Interestingly, co-occurring depression could be interpreted as an adaptive behavior to counter the effects of perceived loss of cognitive abilities. Finally, self-awareness in AD could have some common mechanisms with auto-monitoring in schizophrenia.
The structure, molecular interactions and bioactivities of proinsulin C-peptide correlate with a tripartite molecule
Authors: Landreh Michael , Johansson Jan , Wahren John , Jörnvall Hans 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMany biological roles have been assigned to proinsulin C-peptide over the years. Some appear surprisingly disparate and sometimes even contradictory, like chaperone-like actions and depository tendencies. This review summarizes recently reported biomolecular interactions of the peptide and presents how they correlate with structural and functional aspects into a partitioned molecular architecture. At the structural level, the C-peptide sequence and fold can be subdivided into three distinct parts (‘tripartite’). At the functional level, its chaperone-like abilities, self-assembly, and membrane interactions, as well as interactions with relevant proteins can be separately ascribed to these three segments. At the biological level, the assignments are compatible with the suggested roles of C-peptide in granular insulin storage, chaperone-like activities on insulin oligomers, possible depository tendencies, and proposed receptor interactions. Finally, the assignments give interesting parallels to further bioactive peptides, including glucagon and neurotensin. Provided pharmaceutical and clinical trials are successfully completed, the present interpretations should supply mechanistic explanations on C-peptide as a bioactive compound of importance in health and diabetes.
Kinetics of cadmium accumulation and occurrence of dead cells in leaves of the submerged angiosperm Ruppia maritima
Authors: Malea Paraskevi , Kevrekidis Theodoros , Mogias Athanasios , Adamakis Ioannis-Dimosthenis S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Cadmium accumulation and leaf cell death in the brackish water-submerged angiosperm Ruppia maritima L. were investigated under laboratory conditions exposed to increasing metal concentrations (2.22–355.88 μm). The Michaelis-Menten equation satisfactorily described accumulation kinetics in plant compartments (leaves, rhizome-stems, roots). Equilibrium concentration and uptake rate generally tended to increase, whereas bioconcentration factor at equilibrium decreased, as exposure concentration increased. The relationship between tissue concentration and the set of exposure concentrations and times was adequately described by multiple regression equations. Leaf cell death was observed after 3 or 5 days depending on dosage, but dead cell percentage was small after 9 days, suggesting a rather slow progress of cell death. The lowest leaf cadmium concentration associated with the onset of cell death was within the range of cadmium concentrations reported for seagrasses from various locations, implying that cadmium poses a risk to submerged angiosperms in coastal waters. However, toxicity appeared to be related to the rate of metal uptake rather than to total tissue concentration; an earlier onset of cell death at the highest exposure concentration was associated with the highest uptake rate, and dead cell percentage on the ninth day tended to increase with uptake rate. The data presented provide insights into metal accumulation by, and their effects on, submerged angiosperms colonizing coastal waters.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Neoralfsia hancockii comb. nov. (Ralfsiales, Phaeophyceae) from topotype of San José del Cabo, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: León-Álvarez Daniel , Núñez-Resendiz Maria L. , Pónce-Márquez Maria E. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
To resolve the taxonomic status of Ralfsia hancockii and its relationship to related species, we have carried out a morphological and molecular study (rbcL) on the topotype material of the species. Our analyses, using maximum parsimony and Bayesian posterior probability, located this species in a clade that is distinct and distant from other species of the genus Ralfsia and other genera of the family Ralfsiaceae, but is shared with the family Neoralfsiaceae. Morphological data confirmed that the presence of unangia with (2–) 3–6 stalk cells and mostly unilateral symmetry with partial bilateral development is characteristic of this species and distinguishes it from the morphologically similar Neoralfsia expansa sensu Børgesen. Similarities to N. expansa sensu Tanaka and Chihara, from which the latter species is distinguished by having paraphyses with thinner and larger basal cells, are discussed. We propose Neoralfsia hancockii comb. nov.