bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased topsoil carbon stock across China's forests
Authors: Yang Yuanhe , Li Pin , Ding Jinzhi , Zhao Xia , Ma Wenhong , Ji Chengjun , Fang Jingyun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBiomass carbon accumulation in forest ecosystems is a widespread phenomenon at both regional and global scales. However, as coupled carbon–climate models predicted, a positive feedback could be triggered if accelerated soil carbon decomposition offsets enhanced vegetation growth under a warming climate. It is thus crucial to reveal whether and how soil carbon stock in forest ecosystems has changed over recent decades. However, large‐scale changes in soil carbon stock across forest ecosystems have not yet been carefully examined at both regional and global scales, which have been widely perceived as a big bottleneck in untangling carbon–climate feedback. Using newly developed database and sophisticated data mining approach, here we evaluated temporal changes in topsoil carbon stock across major forest ecosystem in China and analysed potential drivers in soil carbon dynamics over broad geographical scale. Our results indicated that topsoil carbon stock increased significantly within all of five major forest types during the period of 1980s–2000s, with an overall rate of 20.0 g C m−2 yr−1 (95% confidence interval, 14.1–25.5). The magnitude of soil carbon accumulation across coniferous forests and coniferous/broadleaved mixed forests exhibited meaningful increases with both mean annual temperature and precipitation. Moreover, soil carbon dynamics across these forest ecosystems were positively associated with clay content, with a larger amount of SOC accumulation occurring in fine‐textured soils. In contrast, changes in soil carbon stock across broadleaved forests were insensitive to either climatic or edaphic variables. Overall, these results suggest that soil carbon accumulation does not counteract vegetation carbon sequestration across China's forest ecosystems. The combination of soil carbon accumulation and vegetation carbon sequestration triggers a negative feedback to climate warming, rather than a positive feedback predicted by coupled carbon–climate models.
Application of segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to the assessment of skeletal muscle cell mass in elderly men
Authors: Yamada Yosuke , Matsuda Kaori , Björkman Mikko P , Kimura Misaka 
Published: January 2014

AimIt is important to assess not only the total skeletal muscle mass, but also the intracellular and extracellular compartments of skeletal muscle to examine the actual relationship between skeletal muscle mass and physical functions. Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is a unique tool with which to assess intracellular and extracellular water in the limbs. The aim of the present study was to examine the application of segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to the assessment of skeletal muscle mass in the elderly.MethodsA total of 73 healthy elderly men and 20 elderly men requiring care and using an ambulatory day‐care service of the public long‐term care insurance system participated in the present study. The intracellular and extracellular water in the upper and lower legs were assessed by segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. The gait speed, grip strength and maximal isometric knee extension strength were measured.ResultsThe elderly requiring care had significantly lower intracellular water than did healthy elderly in the upper and lower legs. A significant relative expansion of extracellular water against total water was observed in the elderly requiring care. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the area under the curve for the intracellular water index was similar to that for muscle strength in the discrimination of elderly requiring care.ConclusionsThe elderly requiring care had a relative expansion of extracellular water in the legs, which could have masked actual muscle atrophy. Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy would be useful for the assessment of skeletal muscle cell mass and sarcopenia in the elderly.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 129–134.
Incidence, reversibility, risk factors and the protective effect of high body mass index against sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older Chinese adults
Authors: Yu Ruby , Wong Moses , Leung Jason , Lee Jenny , Auyeung Tung Wai , Woo Jean 
Published: January 2014

AimWe examined the incidence and the reversibility of sarcopenia and their associated factors over a 4‐year period using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) criteria.MethodsA total of 4000 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years were evaluated for which detailed information regarding demographics, socioeconomic, medical history, lifestyle, and clinical factors were documented at baseline, 2 years, and 4 years later. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP algorithm. Incident sarcopenia and its reversibility were documented at each follow‐up year, and related to possible factors.ResultsAt baseline, of the 4000 participants, 361 (9.0%) had sarcopenia. Between baseline and 2‐year follow‐up, 6.0% of the participants without sarcopenia at baseline had developed sarcopenia, and 18.8% of the initially sarcopenic participants had reverted to normal. Between baseline and 4‐year follow‐up, the corresponding figures were 6.3% and 14.1%, respectively. The average annual incidence over 4 years was 3.1%. After multivariate adjustments, older age, female sex, presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, presence of stroke, higher physical activity levels, presence of instrumental activities of daily living impairments, and lower body mass index were associated with incident sarcopenia, whereas younger age, female sex, higher body mass index and absence of instrumental activities of daily living impairments, but not physical activity, were associated with its reversibility. Protein and vitamin D intake were not significantly associated with sarcopenia incidence or its reversibility.ConclusionSarcopenia incidence increases with age, but is potentially reversible in a Chinese elderly population. High body mass index is protective against sarcopenia incidence and its reversibility. Increasing physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight could be beneficial in the prevention of sarcopenia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 15–28.
Intraductal papillary neoplasms and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the hepatobiliary system: demographic differences between Asian and Western populations, and comparison with pancreatic counterparts
Authors: Zen Yoh , Jang Kee‐Taek , Ahn Soomin , Kim Dong Hun , Choi Dong Wook , Choi Seong Ho , Heo Jin Seok , Yeh Matthew M 
Published: January 2014

AimsTo improve the characterization of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) and mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN‐L).Methods and resultsA retrospective review of pathology archives (1999–2011) in our three institutions identified cases of IPNB (n = 138) and MCN‐L (n = 54). The IPNB/MCN‐L ratio was 5.7:1 at Samsung Medical Centre in Seoul, which was significantly higher than those at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle (1:3.0) and King's College Hospital in London (1:6.3). This difference was mainly attributable to the considerably larger number of patients with IPNB in Seoul (n = 131) than in Seattle and London (n = 7). Western patients with IPNB were all non‐Asian in ancestry. IPNB differed from pancreatic intraductal papillary neoplasm in its higher histological grade, more advanced stage of an associated invasive cancer, and worse prognosis. In contrast, MCN‐L showed significantly lower histological grade than its pancreatic counterpart (P = 0.022). Unlike in pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm, malignant transformation was very rare in MCN‐L (10% versus 2%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated demographic differences in IPNB and MCN‐L among regions. IPNB and MCN‐L differ from their pancreatic counterparts in the risk of malignant transformation and patients' prognosis.
Efficacy of xylene and passive ultrasonic irrigation on remaining root filling material during retreatment of anatomically complex teeth
Authors: Cavenago B. C. , Ordinola‐Zapata R. , Duarte M. A. H. , del Carpio‐Perochena A. E. , Villas‐Bôas M. H. , Marciano M. A. , Bramante C. M. , Moraes I. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the volume of remaining filling material in the mesial root canals of mandibular molars after root canal retreatment with different procedures performed sequentially.MethodologyThe mesial root canals of 12 human first mandibular molars were instrumented using the BioRace system until a size 25, .06 taper instrument. The mesial roots were filled with gutta‐percha and AH‐Plus using a vertical compaction technique. The specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography with a voxel size of 16.8 μm before and after the retreatment procedures. To remove the filling material, the root canals were enlarged until the size 40, .04 taper instrument. The second step was to irrigate the root canals with xylene in the attempt to clean the root canals with paper points. In the third step, the passive ultrasonic irrigation technique (PUI) was performed using 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. The initial and residual filling material volume (mm3) after each step was evaluated from the 0.5 to 6.5 mm level. The obtained data were expressed in terms of percentage of residual filling material. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test (P < 0.05).ResultsAll specimens had residual filling materials after all retreatment procedures. Passive ultrasonic irrigation enhanced the elimination of residual filling material in comparison with the mechanical stage at the 0.5–2.5 mm and 4.5–6.5 mm levels (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between xylene and PUI methods.ConclusionsFilling materials were not completely removed by any of the retreatment procedures. The use of xylene and PUI after mechanical instrumentation enhanced removal of materials during endodontic retreatment of anatomically complex teeth.
Applying neutralization theory to fair trade buying behaviour
Authors: Brunner Thomas A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMore and more consumers are willing to pay a premium for fair trade products. However, great potential remains as the market shares of these products are still low. In the present study, neutralization theory was applied to investigate the reasons for consumers hesitating to buy more fair trade products. A postal paper‐and‐pencil survey was sent out using random addresses from the telephone book in the German‐speaking part of Switzerland, resulting in a final sample size of n = 620. The results show that the techniques of neutralization are used to various degrees. A principal component analysis resulted in two strategies of neutralization: an internal strategy (focusing on the consumers themselves) and an external strategy (focusing on the farmers in developing countries). A regression analysis proved that the internal neutralization strategy was an important predictor for fair trade buying behaviour, even when controlling for attitudes towards fair trade.
Erectile dysfunction
Authors: McMahon C. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn the past 30 years, advances in basic science have been instrumental in the evolution of the male sexual health treatment paradigm from a psychosexual model to a new model, which includes oral and intracavernosal injection pharmacotherapy, vacuum constriction devices and penile prostheses for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This progress has coincided with an increased understanding of the nature of male sexual health problems, and epidemiological data that confirm that these problems are widely prevalent and the source of considerable morbidity, both for individuals and within relationships.
Body‐weight perception and related preoccupations in a large national sample of adolescents
Authors: Deschamps V. , Salanave B. , Chan‐Chee C. , Vernay M. , Castetbon K. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association between body‐weight (BW) perception, weight preoccupation and behaviour, including weight control practices and compulsive over‐eating episodes, across gender and actual BW classes.DesignThis study used a cross‐sectional observational study.ParticipantsA large, nationally representative sample of 6404 ninth‐grade French adolescents was randomly selected from schools throughout France.MethodsWeight and height were measured, and BW preoccupation, BW control practices and compulsive over‐eating were self‐reported using standardized questionnaires.ResultsNearly one‐third of adolescents misperceived their BW. Misperception was more frequent among girls than boys (42.2% vs. 27.3%, P < 0.01). Underestimation of BW among overweight adolescents, like BW overestimation among underweight adolescents, was associated with less preoccupation with weight and fewer weight control practices than accurate perception of BW. Normal weight adolescents who overestimated their BW were more likely to declare weight preoccupations (ORa = 8.66 [6.67–11.25]), dieting (ORa = 4.81 [3.68–6.27]) and recurrent compulsive over‐eating episodes (ORa = 2.36 [1.72–3.23]) compared with their counterparts who correctly estimated their BW.ConclusionOur study underlines the role of these associations in each category of actual BW (underweight, normal weight and overweight) in a large national sample.
Thermal physiology and species distribution models reveal climate vulnerability of temperate amphibians
Authors: Gerick Alyssa A. , Munshaw Robin G. , Palen Wendy J. , Combes Stacey A. , O'Regan Sacha M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimHigh‐latitude ectotherms are predicted to be less physiologically vulnerable to climate warming than tropical species based on their larger thermal safety margins, the distance between ambient temperatures and species' thermal optima. We sought to test the prediction that high latitude amphibians are buffered against the impacts of climate warming.LocationBritish Columbia, Canada.MethodsWe estimated the risk from climate change for three high‐latitude amphibian species (Spea intermontana, Rana aurora and Pseudacris regilla) by combining thermal performance experiments with species distribution models and predicted changes in maximum summer temperatures through the 2080s, in order to demonstrate temporal and geographical trends in vulnerability to climate warming among and within species.ResultsWe found that species have thermal safety margins of 3.2–3.8 °C based on current maximum summer temperatures. However, by the 2080s (emissions scenario A1B), we estimate that 45–82% of our focal species' current distributions will experience maximum summer temperatures above their thermal optima. We also found that by using long‐term average temperatures, as some studies have done, there were almost no scenarios in which populations of any species were experiencing temperatures greater than their thermal optima.Main conclusionsCombining spatially explicit species distribution models with performance physiology allows us to predict where limiting temperatures will occur in the coming decades, and can guide climate mitigation and conservation efforts before populations decline. Despite moderate thermal safety margins, high‐latitude ectotherms can be highly vulnerable to climate warming when spatio‐temporal variation is incorporated into estimates of risk as a result of climate change.
Low‐dose angiostatic tyrosine kinase inhibitors improve photodynamic therapy for cancer: lack of vascular normalization
Authors: Weiss Andrea , van Beijnum Judy R. , Bonvin Debora , Jichlinski Patrice , Dyson Paul J. , Griffioen Arjan W. , Nowak‐Sliwinska Patrycja 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective clinical treatment for a number of different cancers. PDT can induce hypoxia and inflammation, pro‐angiogenic side effects, which may counteract its angio‐occlusive mechanism. The combination of PDT with anti‐angiogenic drugs offers a possibility for improved anti‐tumour outcome. We used two tumour models to test the effects of the clinically approved angiostatic tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib and axitinib in combination with PDT, and compared these results with the effects of bevacizumab, the anti‐VEGF antibody, for the improvement of PDT. Best results were obtained from the combination of PDT and low‐dose axitinib or sorafenib. Molecular analysis by PCR revealed that PDT in combination with axitinib suppressed VEGFR‐2 expression in tumour vasculature. Treatment with bevacizumab, although effective as monotherapy, did not improve PDT outcome. In order to test for tumour vessel normalization effects, axitinib was also applied prior to PDT. The absence of improved PDT outcome in these experiments, as well as the lack of increased oxygenation in axitinib‐treated tumours, suggests that vascular normalization did not occur. The current data imply that there is a future for certain anti‐angiogenic agents to further improve the efficacy of photodynamic anti‐cancer therapy.
Overexpression of OsKTN80a, a katanin P80 ortholog, caused the repressed cell elongation and stalled cell division mediated by microtubule apparatus defects in primary root in Oryza sativa
Authors: Wan Lei , Wang Xiuwen , Li Shaoqing , Hu Jun , Huang Wenchao , Zhu Yingguo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractKatanin, a microtubule‐severing enzyme, consists of two subunits: the catalytic subunit P60, and the regulatory subunit P80. In several species, P80 functions in meiotic spindle organization, the flagella biogenesis, the neuronal development, and the male gamete production. However, the P80 function in higher plants remains elusive. In this study, we found that there are three katanin P80 orthologs (OsKTN80a, OsKTN80b, and OsKTN80c) in Oryza sativa L. Overexpression of OsKTN80a caused the retarded root growth of rice seedlings. Further investigation indicates that the retained root growth was caused by the repressed cell elongation in the elongation zone and the stalled cytokinesis in the division zone in the root tip. The in vivo examination suggests that OsKTN80a acts as a microtubule stabilizer. We prove that OsKTN80a, possibly associated with OsKTN60, is involved in root growth via regulating the cell elongation and division.
AtPEPTIDE RECEPTOR2 mediates the AtPEPTIDE1‐induced cytosolic Ca2+ rise, which is required for the suppression of Glutamine Dumper gene expression in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Ma Chunli , Guo Jie , Kang Yan , Doman Kohei , Bryan Anthony C. , Tax Frans E. , Yamaguchi Yube , Qi Zhi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAtPEPTIDE RECEPTOR2 (AtPEPR2) is a member of leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase family and binds to a group of AtPROPEP gene‐encoded endogenous peptides, AtPeps. Previously, we found that AtPEPR2 plays a moderate role in the AtPep1‐mediated innate immunity responses in Arabidopsis leaf. In this study, we found that AtPEPR2 promoter has strong activity in the vascular tissues of the roots and the atpepr2 mutants showed a moderate but significantly shorter root phenotype. AtPEPR2 partially mediated AtPep1‐induced root elongation inhibition. AtPep1‐triggered cytosolic Ca2+ transient rise in roots showed partial dependence on AtPEPR2 and fully on extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]ext). Transcriptional profiling analysis found that expression of 75% of AtPep1‐modulated genes in roots was fully dependent on AtPEPR2, of which two dramatically induced genes showed partial dependence on the [Ca2+]ext. Arabidopsis genome contains seven Glutamine Dumpers genes (AtGDUs), encoding amino acid exporters. Three of them (AtGDU2, 3, 5) were among the top 10 genes that were downregulated by AtPep1 through AtPEPR2 fully dependent pathway. Treatment with AtPep1 strongly suppressed promoter activity of AtGDU3 in roots, which was relieved by chelating [Ca2+]ext. Arabidopsis overexpressing AtGDU3 showed a shorter root phenotype and decreased sensitivity to the AtPep1‐mediated inhibition of root elongation. Taken together, this study demonstrated a significant role of AtPEPR2 in the AtPep1‐mediated signaling in the roots.
Impact of Myocardial Reperfusion Status on QT Dispersion After Successful Recanalization of the Infarct‐Related Artery in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: FUKUSHIMA NORITOSHI , TSURUMI YUKIO , JUJO KENTARO , FUKUSHIMA KEIKO , SEKIGUCHI HARUKI , HONDA ATSUSHI , YUMINO DAI , KAWANA MASATOSHI , HAGIWARA NOBUHISA 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether adequate myocardial perfusion status after transluminal recanalization is associated with prompt improvement of QT dispersion (QTd).BackgroundTransluminal recanalization of the infarct‐related coronary artery in acute myocardial infarction aims to promptly restore myocardial perfusion, to maximize electrical and mechanical recovery. QTd represents the heterogeneity of ventricular repolarization, which may affect electrical stability.MethodsForty patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention for their first anterior acute ST‐elevation myocardial infarction were prospectively enrolled. Myocardial reperfusion status was assessed by myocardial blush grade (MBG) on the final angiogram after successful recanalization (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Grade 3 flow).ResultsPreprocedural QTd was similar in patients with final MBG 0–1, 2, and 3 (76 ± 24, 67 ± 13, and 69 ± 13 milliseconds, respectively; P = 0.661). After recanalization, QTd decreased in patients with MBG 3 (39 ± 16 milliseconds, P < 0.001) but not in patients with MBG 0–1 (74 ± 20 milliseconds) or MBG 2 (82 ± 16 milliseconds). Multivariate analysis showed that postprocedural MBG was an independent predictor of QTd after recanalization (standardized regression coefficient = –0.628, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAdequate tissue perfusion may be crucial for electrical stability of the myocardium after reperfusion. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:252–259)
Impact of Contrast Agent Viscosity on Coronary Balloon Deflation Times: Bench Testing Results
Authors: MOGABGAB OWEN , PATEL VISHAL G. , MICHAEL TESFALDET T. , KOTSIA ANNA , CHRISTOPOULOS GEORGE , BANERJEE SUBHASH , BRILAKIS EMMANOUIL S. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of viscosity on angioplasty balloon deflation times.BackgroundLower contrast viscosity could result in more rapid coronary balloon deflation times.MethodsWe performed a bench comparison of coronary balloon deflation times using 2 contrast agents with different viscosity (ioxaglate and iodixanol), 3 contrast dilutions, and 2 inflation syringe filling volumes. Ten identical pairs of coronary angioplasty balloons were used to conduct each comparison after balloon inflation to 12 atmospheres. Simultaneous deflations were performed under cineangiography. The time to full contrast extraction and the area of contrast remaining after 5 seconds of deflation (quantified by opaque pixel count) were compared between groups.ResultsThe mean time to full contrast extraction during balloon deflation was 8.3 ± 2.5 seconds for ioxaglate (lower viscosity) versus 10.1 ± 2.9 seconds for iodixanol (higher viscosity) (17.4% decrease, P = 0.005), with a 35.6% (P = 0.004) reduction in contrast area at 5 seconds. Compared to 1:1 ioxaglate–saline mixture, 1:2 and 1:3 ioxaglate/saline mixes resulted in 26.7% (P < 0.001) and 39.0% (P < 0.001) reduction in mean balloon deflation time, respectively, but at the expense of decreased balloon opacity. Filling the inflation syringe with 5 versus 15 ml of contrast/saline solution was associated with 7.5% decrease in balloon deflation time (P = 0.005), but no difference in contrast area at 5 seconds (P = 0.749).ConclusionsUse of a lower viscosity contrast agent and higher contrast dilution significantly reduced coronary balloon deflation times, whereas use of lower syringe filling volume had a modest effect. Rapid coronary balloon deflation could improve the safety of interventional procedures. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:177–181)