bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Other Mediator for Adherence of Haemophilus influenzae Organisms without Involvement of Fimbriae
Authors: Miyazaki Shuichi , Matsunaga Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Intetsu , Yamaguchi Keizo , Goto Sachiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe number of the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (HiN) organisms that adhered to the primary mouse fetal lung cells was significantly more than type b Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) organisms. The average number of HiN organisms adherent to host cells was 2,291/100 host cells (range, 1,654–3,182), but that of Hib was markedly reduced to 147/100 host cells (range, 102–238). In this case, P value was <0.05 by using a paired Student t‐test. The sonicated extract from HiN TMS11 organisms inhibited adherence of H. influenzae TMS11 organisms to monolayer at 76.3% and it inhibited adherence of Hib TMS24 organisms at 92.3%. This result indicates that a mediator existing on the surface of HiN organisms may be the same as that on type b organisms. The number of detected organisms in broncho and lung tissues 3 days after intranasal infection with HiN strains was significantly greater than that in infection with Hib strains. Therefore, in vitro adhesive capacity of H. influenzae organisms was correlative to infectivity by intranasal injection.
Cloning and Whole Nucleotide Sequence of the Gene for the Light Chain Component of Botulinum Type E Toxin from Clostridium butyricum Strain BL6340 and Clostridium botulinum Type E Strain Mashike
Authors: Fujii Nobuhiro , Kimura Kouichi , Yashiki Teruo , Tsuzuki Kayo , Moriishi Kohji , Yokosawa Noriko , Syuto Bunei , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChromosomal DNAs were extracted from Clostridium butyricum strain BL6340 and Clostridium botulinum type E strain Mashike. The 6.0 Kbp fragment coding for the entire light chain (L) component and the N‐terminus of heavy chain (H) component of botulinum type E toxin was obtained from each extracted DNAs after digestion with HindIII. The entire nucleotide sequences for the light chain components of these cloned genes were determined, and the derived amino acid sequences were compared to each other, and with those of botulinum type A, Cl, D, and tetanus toxins reported previously. The cleavage site of L and H components of type E toxin was presumed to be Arg‐422. In a total of 422 amino acid residues of L component, 17 residues were different between butyricum and type E toxins, and all these differences were found within 200 residues of N‐terminus of L component. On the contrary, five regions showing highly homologous sequences were found in L components among these six toxins, and one more region between botulinum type E and tetanus toxins.
The Comparison of Cell‐Mediated Immunity Induced by Immunization with Porin, Viable Cells and Killed Cells of Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiko , Arai Toshihiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA marked level of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) to Salmonella typhimurium‐infection in mice, as determined by acquired resistance, delayed‐type hypersensitivity, interleukin‐2 production and interferon‐γ production, was induced by immunization with porin or viable cells but not with killed cells of S. typhimurium LT2. When the up‐regulation of immune system to each immunogen was studied by comparing increases of la‐bearing macrophages, the immunization with porin or viable cells, but not killed cells, could stimulate the immune system for more than 14 days. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) production of macrophages to each immunogen was also examined; the result showed that immunization with porin or viable cells could induce a notable level of IL‐1 production, while killed cells could not. However, when the abilities to induce these immune responses were compared between UV‐killed and heat‐killed cells, UV‐killed cells were superior to heat‐killed cells. These results suggested that the ineffectiveness of immunogen that lacked CMI‐inducing ability might be ascribed to the denaturation of antigen and the insufficient inductions of Ia‐bearing macrophages and IL‐1 production.
Generation of Helper T Cells That Recognize a Cross‐Reactive Idiotype through a Network Mechanism
Authors: Masaki Hideyuki , Irimajiri Kiyohiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractT cells that recognize the cross‐reactive idiotype expressed on the heavy (H) chain of M104E (IgM, λ1) were induced in BALB/c mice by immunization with Dextran B‐1355. T cells derived from mice immunized with 1 mg of Dextran B‐1355 showed a marked proliferative response against M104E, whereas T cells from mice immunized with Ficoll or lesser amounts of Dextran B‐1355 did not. BCLiId, which had an immunoglobulin isotype identical to M104E, did not induce proliferation of the T cells. These T cells also proliferated against J558 (IgA, λ1) which shared the cross‐reactive idiotype of the anti‐a (1—>3) glucosidic linkage antibody with M104E on the H chain. The T cells proliferated more efficiently against F(ab)2‐104E, Fab‐104E and H104E, the H chain of M104E, than against intact M104E. The T cell proliferative response against the idiotype on M104E or even H104E required macrophages as antigen‐presenting cells (APC) and the response was inhibited when APC were treated with NH4CI or chloroquine, inhibitors of antigen processing. Moreover, anti‐CD4 antibody or anti‐Ia antibody inhibited the proliferative response. These results indicated that anti‐idiotypic T cells of the helper type, which recognized a cross‐reactive idiotype associated with la molecules in processed form, could be induced physiologically through a network mechanism.
Lateral Flagella of Vibrios: Serological Classification and Genetical Similarity
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Yakiyama Ichiro , Yasui Satoshi , Kim Young‐man , Ono Bun‐ichiro , Nakagami Satoru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLateral (L‐) flagella‐having vibrios were classified into 13 H‐serogroups (flagellar antigen serogroups) by means of H‐agglutination test. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was classified into 3 serogroups, HL1 to 3. V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi were classified into 5 and 3 serogroups, respectively, but 2 of those were serogroups common to the both species. V. fluvialis and V. furnissii constituted a same serogroup, HL8. Cross‐reactivity between each serogroup was not observed in H‐agglutination test, although some cross‐reactivity was observed in gel diffusion test. Furthermore, similarity of DNA sequence of L‐flagellar structure gene was demonstrated by dot blot hybridization test with a DNA probe of HL2 L‐flagellar gene fragment. These results suggest conservation of DNA sequence of the L‐flagellar gene of vibrios.
Oligo‐2′,5′‐Adenylate Synthetase Activity in Cells Persistently Infected with Human T‐Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV‐I)
Authors: Fujii Nobuhiro , Kwon Kil‐won , Yashiki Teruo , Kimura Kouichi , Isogai Emiko , Isogai Hiroshi , Sekiguchi Sadayoshi , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpontaneous production of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) was shown in several T‐lymphoblastoid cell lines persistently infected with human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV‐1). However, the produced IFN‐γ was not always associated with the induction of the antivirus state. The induction of oligo‐2′,5′‐adenylate synthetase (2‐5AS) by IFN was studied in five human T‐cell lines persistently infected with HTLV‐I (MT‐1, MT‐2, SMT‐1, HUT 102 and OKM‐2). Four cell lines are able to produce IFN‐γ spontaneously, while the OKM‐2 cell line is not. Poor induction of 2‐5AS was recognized in three (MT‐1, MT‐2 and SMT‐1) of the four cell lines producing IFN‐γ, though the poor induction was improved after long‐term cultivation of cells with IFN‐α. On the contrary, in the OKM‐2 cell line. significant activity of the enzyme was induced by IFN‐α. Induction of 2‐5AS was not correlated with cell growth inhibition, but with the antivirus state. Furthermore, an inverse relationship between IFN‐γ production and 2‐5AS induction was demonstrated in these cell lines with the exception of HUT 102 cells.
Induced CD25 Expression in a Human B‐Lymphoma Cell Line Transfected with the Epstein‐Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen 2 Gene
Authors: Harada Shizuko , Yanagi Kazuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo EBV‐negative human B‐lymphoma cell lines, BJAB and DG75, were transfected with an Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA‐2) gene, which plays a critical role in the EBV‐induced immortalization of primary B lymphocytes. Furthermore, DG75 cells were co‐transfected with the EBNA‐2 gene and a latent membrane protein (LMP) gene. Expression of eight surface antigens on the resultant EBNA‐2‐expressing cell clones was analyzed by flowcytometry. None of the EBNA‐2‐expressing cell clones derived from BJAB and DG75 showed a significant increase in the expression of cell surface marker CD23, of which enhancement by EBNA‐2 in a different EBV‐negative human B cell line, Louckes, was previously reported. Expression of CD25 (IL‐2R/Tac) on cell surface, however, was induced in two of six DG75‐derived cell clones. One of the two CD25‐induced cell clones was expressing EBNA‐2 only, and the other was co‐expressing EBNA‐2 and LMP. The results suggest that EBNA‐2 has a potential to up‐regulate CD25 independently of CD23 on human B cells.
Induction of Cytokines in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Mycoplasmas
Authors: Kita Masakazu , Ohmoto Yasukazu , Hirai Yoshikatsu , Yamaguchi Nozomi , Imanishi Jiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVarious species of mycoplasmas were tested for their ability to induce cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Human PBMC were incubated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hyorhinis, M. arginini, M. salivarium, M. orale, M. gallisepticum or A. laidlawii for 48 hr, and the activities of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interferon (IFN) in the supernatants were determined by ELISA or bioassay. All mycoplasma species induced IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNF‐α, although IL‐2 was induced only by M. pneumoniae. IFN was induced by 5 of the 7 species, and the IFN produced was antigenically confirmed to be mainly IFN‐α. On the other hand, mycoplasma‐stimulated cultures did not contain detectable amounts of IFN‐β and IL‐4 activities. Furthermore, the cytokines were induced by mycoplasmal contaminating cells in human PBMC as well as by mycoplasma alone. These results suggest that many kinds of cytokines induced by mycoplasma contamination in cell culture affect immunological experiments in vitro.
Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum Type E and Coexistence of C. botulinum Nonproteolytic Type B in the River Soil of Japan
Authors: Yamakawa Kiyotaka , Nakamura Shinichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSoil samples from 98 sites in the whole systems of four rivers in Japan were examined for the presence of Clostridium botulinum. Type E organism was prevalently shown throughout the whole river systems including upper part; detection rates of type E toxin in soil culture ranged from 33 to 82%. This type was also detected in soil of adjacent mountainous district. Type B and C toxins were detected at 7% and 9% of the sites examined, respectively. C. botulinum type E and nonproteolytic type B strains were isolated from enrichment cultures of soil samples. These results suggest that the terrestrial origin of type E organism would be considered as one of the reasons for the high incidence of this organism in the sea areas, and prove that C. botulinum nonproteolytic type B exists in the soil of Japan.
Role of the Upstream Region Containing an Intrinsic DNA Curvature in the Negative Regulation of the Phospholipase C Gene of Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Toyonaga Tatsuo , Matsushita Osamu , Katayama Sei‐ichi , Minami Junzaburo , Okabe Akinobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe phospholipase C (α‐toxin) gene (plc) of Clostridium perfringens was cloned into pUC19 and the effects of the upstream regions on expression of the plc gene were examined in Escherichia coli JM109. When the 0.7‐kb region just upstream of the putative — 35 site of the gene was deleted, production of phospholipase C increased approximately 10‐fold. Northern blot hybridization analysis of the plc transcript showed that the upstream region inhibited transcription from the plc promoter. Nucleotide sequencing of this upstream region revealed that there are three periodically repeated (dA)5–6 tracts between positions −66 and −40 of the plc gene. A fragment containing this sequence showed anomalously slow electrophoretic mobility at low temperature, indicating that the region immediately upstream of the plc promoter is a locus of sequence directed DNA‐bending. Nested deletions of the upstream region were created from its 5′ end by exonuclease III and the effects of deletions on the expression of the plc gene were examined. When the 77‐bp fragment containing the two (dA)5–6 tracts was deleted, phospholipase C production increased markedly. These results indicate that the intrinsic DNA curvature upstream of the plc promoter is involved in the negative regulation of the plc gene transcription.
Purification and Characterization of Secretory Proteinase of Candida albicans
Authors: Yamamoto Tetsuro , Nohara Kumiko , Uchida Katsuhisa , Yamaguchi Hideyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProteolytic activity of medically important yeasts was tested in both YCB‐BSA agar and medium. All of 134 strains of Candida albicans, 13 of 18 strains of Candida tropicalis and 11 of 18 strains of Candida parapsilosis had this activity, while none of 52 Candida glabrata strains or of 11 Cryptococcus neoformans strains tested had proteolytic activity. Strains of C. albicans fell into five groups based on the level and time‐course of in vitro proteinase productivity. Five strains randomly selected from each group were tested for pathogenicity in mice. The strain possessing the strongest pathogenicity was used to purify proteinase. The molecular weight of the proteinase was approximately 44,000 daltons and its isoelectric point was pH 4.2. Optimal pH of the proteinase was 3.2 and the enzyme was stable below pH 7.0 and lost its activity above pH 8.0 at 37 C in a 60‐min incubation. The 23 amino acid sequence of the proteinase N‐terminus was determined.
Arginine Deiminase Gene of an AIDS‐Associated Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma incognitus
Authors: Sugimura Kazuhisa , Ohno Takeshi , Kimura Yoshihito , Kimura Tatsuji , Azuma Ichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecently, we have demonstrated by molecular cloning that a strong immunosuppressive factor derived from Mycoplasma arginini is arginine deiminase. We show here that mycoplasma species identified in many of AIDS patients also bear the arginine deiminase gene. The implication of the arginine deiminase gene detected in AIDS‐associated mycoplasma species is discussed.
A Phage in Bartonella bacilliformis
Authors: Umemori Eriko , Sasaki Yoshimichi , Amano Ken‐ichi , Amano Yasuji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBacteriophage‐like particles were found in Bartonella bacilliformis culture. The particles consisted of head (icosahedral), 40 nm in diameter, and tail, 16 nm in length.
Studies on Novel Pili from Shigella flexneri
Authors: Utsunomiya Akiyoshi , Naito Tatsuro , Ehara Masahiko , Ichinose Yoshio , Hamamoto Akihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPili were detected using electron microscopy in clinical isolates of Shigella flexneri which had been continuously subcultivated in liquid media. Morphologically, the pili appeared as thin, flexible, cylindrical structures of up to 2–5 μm in length and about 3–5 nm in diameter. Two strains showed mannose‐resistant (MR) hemagglutination to fresh fowl erythrocytes (type 4), and one to tannic acid‐treated horse erythrocyte (type 3) pili. These pili are novel and different from the mannose‐sensitive (MS) type 1 pili described by Duguid and Gillies.
Latent Infection of SCID Mice with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and Lethal Cutaneous Lesions in Pregnancy
Authors: Moriyama Kosei , Mohri Shirou , Watanabe Takeshi , Mori Ryoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome SCID mice survived primary infection with herpes simplex virus 1 without the development of peripheral lesions but established coculture‐positive ganglionic latency when a low dose of a wild‐type strain was inoculated intracutaneously. The latency was also evidenced by the development of the fatal zosteriform skin lesions and the isolation of the virus during pregnancy. We consider that the viral entry into neurons without successive replication, rather than the arrest of the lytic infection within the cells, is an important mechanism in the establishment of latency.
Molecular Analysis of Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Genes Coding for Idiotypic and Anti‐Idiotypic Antibodies Involved in B‐B Cellular Interaction
Authors: Takahashi Seiichi , Matsuura Yasushi , Taniguchi Taketoshi , Tamura Hiroo , Bitoh Soji , Onishi Saburo , Yamamoto Yasutake , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Fujimoto Shigeyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe recently reported that a unique B cell clone (B19‐1d), specific for a cross‐reactive idiotype (CRI) on MOPC104E myeloma protein (M104E), enhances Igh‐restricted CRI+ antibody production. In this paper, we report the nucleotide sequences of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions (VH) of both M104E and B19‐1d‐derived hybridoma (HB19) antibodies. The sequence data revealed that both belong to the J558 germ line VH gene subfamily. Strikingly, not only the VH region, but also the leader sequences of M104E and HB19 are very similar to each other at 88% (VH) and 91 % (leader) homology, but they use different D and J segments. The VH region sequence similarity is highest among the germ line VH gene sequences of the BALB/c J558 subfamily so far screened. Southern hybridization data, using 5′‐noncoding regions of either M104E or HB19 genomic VH gene clones as probes, revealed that both VH genes are conserved in the M104E CRI producer strains of mice. Moreover, these probes show the restriction length polymorphism pattern of mouse VH genes in various strains. That the HB19 VH gene locates to the 5′ upper arm of the M104E VH gene on the chromosome was suggested by Southern blot hybridization. Immunoglobulin VH gene restriction of idiotypic and antiidiotypic B‐B cellular interaction is discussed from a molecular point of view.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Human α‐Fetoprotein More Reactive to Cell‐Surface α‐Fetoprotein than to Free α‐Fetoprotein
Authors: Masuda Kazuyoshi , Nagata Shunji , Harada Shigenori , Hirano Koichiro , Takagishi Yasushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper describes the finding of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) more reactive to cell‐surface α‐fetoprotein (AFP) than to free AFP by using a simple in vitro system. Twelve mouse MoAbs, ten IgG1, one IgG2a and one IgG2b, against human AFP from hepatocellular carcinoma were obtained by the cell fusion technique. Each hybridoma supernatant was assayed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to solid‐phase AFP. The assay results showed that two MoAbs, 67D and 80G, were most reactive to AFP. 80G had a higher affinity constant than 67D, while the both reactions were similarly difficult to inhibit by free AFP in ELISA. 67D and 80G reacted with AFP on the surface of ethanol‐fixed cells from the human hepatoma cell line HuH‐7 and this reaction was also difficult to inhibit by free AFP in Cell ELISA. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that 67D and 80G were more reactive to membrane‐bound AFP than other antibodies. These findings first suggest that there could be anti‐AFP MoAbs preferably binding to cell‐surface AFP rather than to serum AFP.
Temperature‐Sensitive Immunoglobulin A‐Binding and Dimerization of C‐Terminus‐Impaired Protein Arp4 Produced in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nakatani Tomoyuki , Higuchi Atsuko , Noguchi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA gene for protein Arp4, an IgA receptor protein derived from Streptococcus pyogenes AP4, was expressed in Escherichia coli. The product was demonstrated to be accumulated in a periplasmic space as a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 40 kDa with the deleted C‐terminal membrane anchor portion of protein Arp4. This 40‐kDa peptide of the C‐terminus‐impaired recombinant protein Arp4 produced in E. coli, designated ir‐protein Arp4, was purified from a periplasmic fraction of transformants and its IgA‐binding activity was analyzed. The IgA binding of ir‐protein Arp4 was temperature‐sensitive, that is, ir‐protein Arp4 bound IgA at 4 and 25 C, but did not at 37 C. In addition, the dimerization of ir‐protein Arp4 was also temperature‐sensitive in parallel with temperature‐dependent binding activity, suggesting that the dimerization of ir‐protein Arp4 may be required for its active binding to IgA. In contrast, ir‐protein Arp4 immobilized on Sepharose 4B did bind to IgA even at 37 C as well as 4 and 25 C. The immobilized ir‐protein Arp4 might acquire the temperature‐resistant IgA binding activity in part through the formation of a stable dimerized ir‐protein Arp4 on the solid support.
Characterization of the Dextranase Purified from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt
Authors: Igarashi Takeshi , Yamamoto Ayako , Goto Nobuichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe purified dextranase from the culture supernatant of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt by procedures including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion‐exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 78 kDa by SDS‐PAGE. The enzyme degraded dextran at the optimum pH of 5.5, but not other glucans and fructans at all. Paper chromatographic analysis revealed that the enzyme cleaved dextran by an endo‐type mechanism. The enzyme was inhibited by Hg2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and anionic detergents SDS and deoxycholic acid, but not inhibited by non‐ionic detergents Triton X‐100, Lubrol PX, Nonidet P‐40, and Tween 80. SDS‐blue dextran‐PAGE analysis of the culture supernatant revealed that the enzyme activity detected in the 96 kDa band shifted gradually to the 78 kDa band during handling the supernatant. This shift was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, suggesting that the shift of the molecular size is due to proteolytic degradation of the enzyme by serine protease.
Fimbriation, Hemagglutination and Adherence Properties of Fresh Clinical Isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis
Authors: Ahmed Kamruddin , Rikitomi Naoto , Matsumoto Keizo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study investigated the fimbriation on 24 fresh clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis by electron microscopy. All the strains were isolated from patients with respiratory infections. The Branhamella catarrhalis strains were classified into three groups according to the grade of fimbriation. Among these 24 strains the incidence of densely fimbriated, moderately fimbriated and sparsely fimbriated isolates were 12 (50%), 7 (29%) and 5 (21%), respectively. After five‐times serial subculture on Brain Heart Infusion agar, the average number of fimbriae per bacteria was decreased from 174 to 114 in the densely fimbriated strain and from 48 to 10 in the moderately fimbriated strain. Moreover, 20% of the population became non‐fimbriated in moderately fimbriated strain after the serial subculture. In strains with higher hemagglutination titer the number of fimbriae was significantly (P<0.04) more than in strains with lower hemagglutination titer.