bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sucrose stabilization of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) during nebulization and experimental infection
Authors: Grosz Drew D , van Geelen Albert , Gallup Jack M , Hostetter Shannon J , Derscheid Rachel J , Ackermann Mark R 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common respiratory pathogen that can cause severe pneumonia.In vivostudies of RSV can be difficult due to variation in viral infection and disease severity in some animal models. Factors that may contribute to the variation are decreases in viral titer due to preparation and storage and method of virus administration. Nebulization is one method of RSV administration that provides even distribution of virus to all lung lobes; however, the exact quantity of the virus killed by nebulization is not defined. To test the hypothesis that sucrose enhances RSV stability and infectivity, a series ofin vitroexperiments were conducted with RSV strain Memphis 37 stored at varying concentrations (0%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of sucrose as a possible cryo- and nebulization protectant. The optimalin vitroconcentration was then assessedin vivoin a lamb model.MethodsPrior to titering the virus on HEp-2 cells, the various virus solutions were subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle and one nebulization cycle. Forty-eight hours after viral plating, infectious foci were detected and counted using immunofluorescent imaging. Titers were determined after freeze-thaw and after freeze-thaw followed by nebulization, then compared to the stock titers (before freezing) as well as to one another to determine the loss of infectivity. To further test thisin vivo, lambs 2 to 3-days-old were infected via nebulization with RSV using inoculate containing either 20% sucrose or no sucrose followed by assessments of infection severity.ResultsNebulization of virus in 0% sucrose resulted in a 0.580 log reduction in infectivity while virus in 20% sucrose exhibited a 0.297 log reduction.In vivostudies demonstrated that 20% sucrose enhanced RSV lesions and antigen distribution.ConclusionsThe data suggests that both nebulization and freeze-thawing of RSV in the absence of sucrose cause unacceptable losses in viral infectivity and that sucrose acts as a RSV protectant in both regards.
Towards digital photon counting cameras for single-molecule optical nanoscopy
Authors: Krishnaswami Venkataraman , Van Noorden Cornelis J F , Manders Erik M M , Hoebe Ron A 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Optical nanoscopy based on separation of single molecules by stochastic switching and subsequent localization allows surpassing the diffraction limit of light. The growing pursuit towards live-cell imaging using nanoscopy demands advancements in both science and technology.

Results
In this article, we provide an overview of the technological advancements in the development of scientific cameras used for nanoscopy. We discuss the prospects of novel digital photon counting cameras based on a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array camera for optical nanoscopy. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate and compare different scientific cameras for their performance towards single-molecule identification and localization.

Conclusion
A SPAD array camera with single-photon sensitivity and zero read-out noise allows for the detection of extremely weak signals at ultra-fast imaging speeds. With temporal resolution in the order of micro-seconds, a SPAD array camera offers great potential for live-cell imaging with super-resolution.
Growth differentiation factor 6 and transforming growth factor-beta differentially mediate mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, composition, and micromechanical properties of nucleus pulposus constructs
Authors: Clarke Louise E , McConnell James C , Sherratt Michael J , Derby Brian , Richardson Stephen M , Hoyland Judith A 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Currently, there is huge research focus on the development of novel cell-based regeneration and tissue-engineering therapies for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration and the associated back pain. Both bone marrow-derived (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) are proposed as suitable cells for such therapies. However, currently no consensus exists as to the optimum growth factor needed to drive differentiation to a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growth differentiation factor-6 (GDF6), compared with other transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily members, on discogenic differentiation of MSCs, the matrix composition, and micromechanics of engineered NP tissue constructs.

Methods
Patient-matched human AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs were seeded into type I collagen hydrogels and cultured in differentiating media supplemented with TGF-β3, GDF5, or GDF6. After 14 days, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of chondrogenic and novel NP marker genes and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content of the construct and media components were measured. Additionally, construct micromechanics were analyzed by using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM).

Results
GDF6 stimulation of BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs resulted in a significant increase in expression of novel NP marker genes, a higher aggrecan-to-type II collagen gene expression ratio, and higher sGAG production compared with TGF-β or GDF5 stimulation. These effects were greater in AD-MSCs than in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, the acoustic-wave speed measured by using SAM, and therefore tissue stiffness, was lowest in GDF6-stiumlated AD-MSC constructs.

Conclusions
The data suggest that GDF6 stimulation of AD-MSCs induces differentiation to an NP-like phenotype and results in a more proteoglycan-rich matrix. Micromechanical analysis shows that the GDF6-treated AD-MSCs have a less-stiff matrix composition, suggesting that the growth factor is inducing a matrix that is more akin to the native NP-like tissue. Thus, this cell and growth-factor combination may be the ideal choice for cell-based intervertebral disc (IVD)-regeneration therapies.
Characterization of newly isolated oleaginous yeasts - Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis
Authors: Schulze Ines , Hansen Silla , Großhans Steffen , Rudszuck Thomas , Ochsenreither Katrin , Syldatk Christoph , Neumann Anke 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The yeast strains Cryptococcus podzolicus, Trichosporon porosum and Pichia segobiensis were isolated from soil samples and identified as oleaginous yeast strains beneficial for the establishment of microbial production processes for sustainable lipid production suitable for several industrial applications. When cultured in bioreactors with glucose as the sole carbon source C. podzolicus yielded 31.8% lipid per dry biomass at 20°C, while T. porosum yielded 34.1% at 25°C and P. segobiensis 24.6% at 25°C. These amounts correspond to lipid concentrations of 17.97 g/L, 17.02 g/L and 12.7 g/L and volumetric productivities of 0.09 g/Lh, 0.1 g/Lh and 0.07 g/Lh, respectively. During the culture of C. podzolicus 30 g/l gluconic acid was detected as by-product in the culture broth and 12 g/L gluconic acid in T. porosum culture. The production of gluconic acid was eliminated for both strains when glucose was substituted by xylose as the carbon source. Using xylose lipid yields were 11.1 g/L and 13.9 g/L, corresponding to 26.8% and 33.4% lipid per dry biomass and a volumetric productivity of 0.07 g/Lh and 0.09 g/Lh, for C. podzolicus and T. porosum respectively. The fatty acid profile analysis showed that oleic acid was the main component (39.6 to 59.4%) in all three strains and could be applicable for biodiesel production. Palmitic acid (18.4 to 21.1%) and linolenic acid (7.5 to 18.7%) are valuable for cosmetic applications. P. segobiensis had a considerable amount of palmitoleic acid (16% content) and may be suitable for medical applications.
A selective and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of twopotential genotoxic impurities in celecoxib
Authors: Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy Ambavaram , Venugopal Nandigam , Madhavi Gajulapalle 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Impurity profiling is now receiving critical attention from regulatoryauthorities. For trace level quantification of potential genotoxic impurities(PGIs), conventional analytical techniques like high-performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are inadequate; consequently,there is a great need to apply hyphenated analytical techniques to developsensitive analytical methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals.

Methods
A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of(4-sulfamoylphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (SHH) and(4-methyl-acetophenone)para-sulfonamide phenylhydrazine hydrochloride(MAP) PGIs in celecoxib active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The LC-MS/MSanalysis of SHH and MAP PGIs was done on Symmetry C18 (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) analytical column, and the mobile phase used was5.0 mM ammonium acetate-acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70(v/v). The flow rate used was 0.7 mL/min. Triplequadrupole mass detector coupled to positive electrospray ionization operated inmultiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for the quantification of SHH andMAP PGIs. The method was validated as per International Conference onHarmonization (ICH) guidelines and was able to quantitate both SHH and MAP PGIs at1.0 ppm with respect to 10 mg/mL of celecoxib.

Results
The proposed method was specific, linear, accurate, precise, and robust. Thecalibration curves show good linearity between the concentration range of 0.06 and7.5 ppm for both SHH and MAP PGIs. The correlation coefficient obtained was>0.9998 in each case. The method has very low limit of detection (LOD) andlimit of quantification (LOQ). The obtained LOD and LOQ values were 0.02 and0.06 ppm, respectively, for both SHH and MAP PGIs. For both the PGIs,excellent recoveries of 95.0% to 104.0% were obtained at a concentration range of0.06 to 3.0 ppm. The developed method was also applied to determine the SHHand MAP PGIs in three formulation batches of celecoxib.

Conclusions
The proposed method is simple and accurate and is a good quality control tool forthe simultaneous quantitative determination of SHH and MAP PGIs at very low levelsin celecoxib during its manufacturing.
Effectiveness of Primary Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Potosky Arnold L. , Haque Reina , Cassidy-Bushrow Andrea E. , Ulcickas Yood Marianne , Jiang Miao , Tsai Huei-Ting , Luta George , Keating Nancy L. , Smith Matthew R. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose Primary androgen-deprivation therapy (PADT) is often used to treat clinically localized prostate cancer, but its effects on cause-specific and overall mortality have not been established. Given the widespread use of PADT and the potential risks of serious adverse effects, accurate mortality data are needed to inform treatment decisions. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study using comprehensive utilization and cancer registry data from three integrated health plans. All men were newly diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer. Men who were diagnosed between 1995 and 2008, were not treated with curative intent therapy, and received follow-up through December 2010 were included in the study (n = 15,170). We examined all-cause and prostate cancer-specific mortality as our main outcomes. We used Cox proportional hazards models with and without propensity score analysis. Results Overall, PADT was associated with neither a risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.11) nor prostate-cancer–specific mortality (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89 to 1.19) after adjusting for all sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. PADT was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality but not prostate-cancer–specific mortality. PADT was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality only among the subgroup of men with a high risk of cancer progression (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.97). Conclusion We found no mortality benefit from PADT compared with no PADT for most men with clinically localized prostate cancer who did not receive curative intent therapy. Men with higher-risk disease may derive a small clinical benefit from PADT. Our study provides the best available contemporary evidence on the lack of survival benefit from PADT for most men with clinically localized prostate cancer.
Influence of pruning on wood characters in hybrid aspen
Authors: Rytter Lars , Jansson Gunnar 
Published: March 2014

Fast-growing hybrid aspens (Populus tremula L. x P. tremuloides Michx.) are currently of great interest in Sweden since they can produce biomass at high rates and, at the same time, can be used to produce higher value wood products. This study focuses on the effects of pruning hybrid aspen to improve its wood quality. About 50% of the trees in the experimental stand were pruned by removing twigs, at heights up to 4Â m, when they were 7â8 years old. Ten years later, 20 pruned and 20 unpruned trees, representing four clones, were randomly selected. Ten knots or twig/stem junctions, respectively, per tree were exposed for inspection using a chain saw and examined. The results revealed that pruned trees cicatrised the knots within about three years and thereafter produced substantial amounts of faultless wood. In contrast, unpruned trees (which had retained almost 80% of their twigs, often as dry twigs with bark pockets) had produced small uneven amounts of quality wood. Removal of twigs with acute angles and/or large diameters resulted in greater colour defects and rot in annual rings outside the pruning position, but the time of cicatrisation was not significantly affected. The results show that pruning can be used to enhance the wood quality of hybrid aspen over a short time period, and that pruning should be performed early during the rotation period when branches are small, in order to minimize discolouration and rot in the new annual rings.
Nash-type equilibria and periodic solutions to
nonvariational systems
Authors: Precup Radu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with variational properties of fixed points for contraction-type operators. Under suitable conditions, the unique fixed point of a vector-valued operator is a Nash-type equilibrium of the corresponding
energy functionals. This is achieved by an iterative scheme based on
Ekeland's variational principle. An application to periodic solutions for
second order differential systems is given to illustrate the theory.
Speciation of bioaccumulated uranium(VI) by Euglena mutabilis cells obtained by laser fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Brockmann Sina , Arnold Thuro , Bernhard Gert 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The ability of Euglena mutabilis cells – a unicellular protozoan with a flexible pellicle, which is typically found in acid
mine drainage (AMD) environments – to bioaccumulate uranium under acid conditions was studied in batch sorption experiments at pH 3
and 4 using Na2SO4 and NaClO4 as background media. It was found that axenic cultures of Euglena mutabilis
Schmitz were able to bioaccumulate in 5 days 94.9 to 99.2% of uranium from a 1 · 10
–5 mol/L uranium solution
in perchlorate medium and 95.1 to 95.9% in sodium sulfate medium, respectively.
The speciation of uranium in solution and uranium bioaccumulated by Euglena mutabilis cells, were studied by laser induced
fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS). The LIFS investigations showed that the uranium speciation in the NaClO4 systems was dominated
by free uranyl(VI) species and that the UO2SO4 species was dominating in the Na2SO4 medium. Fluorescence spectra of
the bioaccumulated uranium revealed that aqueous uranium binds to carboxylic and/or (organo)phosphate groups located on the euglenid
pellicle or inside the Euglena mutabilis cells.
Reduced uranium immobilization rates of 0.93 – 1.43 mg uranium per g Euglena mutabilis biomass were observed in
similar experiments, using sterile filtrated AMD waters containing, 4.4 · 10
–5 mol/L uranium. These lower rates were attributed
to competition with other cations for available sorption sites. Additional LIFS measurements, however, showed that the speciation of
the bioaccumulated uranium by the Euglena mutabilis cells was found to be identical with the uranium speciation found in the
bioaccumulation experiments carried out in Na2SO4 and NaClO4 media.
The results indicate that Euglena mutabilis has the potential to immobilize aqueous uranium under acid condition and thus may
be used in future as promising agent for immobilizing uranium in low pH waste water environments.
Characterization of neutrons from a thick target
9Be(p, n) reaction by
multiple foil activation technique for practical applications:
measurement of integral cross sections and their comparison with
integrated data from data files
Authors: Uddin Md. Shuza , Kume Kyo , Takata Takushi , Hasegawa Takashi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The neutron spectrum in the energy range of 0.1 to 5.85 MeV in the 0○ direction with respect to the
incident proton beam accelerated in a Tandem Accelerator of the Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center (WERC), Japan, has been
characterized using the multiple foil activation technique. Flux mapping of thermal and epithermal neutrons at 0○,
20○, 40○ and 60○ at downstream of the beam has also been carried out. The fast neutron
spectrum averaged cross sections of several threshold reactions were measured. Two monitor reactions,
58Ni(n, p)58Co and 115In(n, n′, γ)115mIn, were used to
determine the fast neutron flux. The use of fast neutron flux in validating some excitation functions is described.
Development of radiolanthanide labeled porphyrin
complexes as possible therapeutic agents in beast carcinoma
xenografts
Authors: Vahidfar Nasim , Jalilian Amir R. , Fazaeli Yousef , Aghanejad Ayuob , Bahrami-Samani Ali , Alirezapour Behrooz , Erfani Mostafa , Beiki Davood , Khalaj Ali 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Radiolabeled porphyrins are potential tumor avid radiopharmaceuticals because of their behaviour in the human body, ability
to complex various radionuclides, water solubility, low toxicity etc., in this work radio ytterbium/samarium porphyrin
complexes have been developed. 175Yb and 153Sm labeled 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)
porphyrins ([175Yb]-TDMPP/[153Sm]-TDMPP) were prepared using 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)
porphyrin (H2TDMPP) and [175Yb]YbCl3 or [153Sm]SmCl3 in 12–24 h at
60 ℃. Stability of the complexes were checked in final formulation and human serum for 24 h,
followed by partition coefficient determination and biodistribution studies in wild type and breast carcinoma-bearing mice. The
radiocomplexes were obtained with acceptable radiochemical purity (> 95% (paper chromatography) and > 96%
(HPLC) for [175Yb]-TDMPP and > 97% (paper chromatography) and >98% (HPLC) for
[153Sm]-TDMPP) with specific activities of 12–15 GBq/mmol and 278 GBq/mmol at the end of
bombardment for [175Yb]-TDMPP and [153Sm]-TDMPP respectively. The partition coefficients were
determined for [175Yb]-TDMPP and [153Sm]-TDMPP) (log P = 0.63 and log P = 0.96 respectively). The
[175Yb]-TDMPP complex is mostly washed out from the circulation through kidneys. Liver and spleen also demonstrated
significant activity uptake in 72 h post injection. Also [153Sm]-TDMPP, is mostly washed out from the
circulation through kidneys, however lungs are the major accumulation sites. The [153Sm]-TDMPP complex demonstrated
significant targeted uptake in breast carcinoma xenografts with tumor: blood ratios of 10.67, 10.47 and 19.01 in 24, 48 and
72 h respectively. Also interesting tumor: kidney/liver ratios were obtained. 153Sm-TDMPP properties
suggest an efficient tumor targeting agent with high tumor-avidity. Further investigation on the therapeutic properties must be
conducted.
Sorption of cesium in young till soils
Authors: Lusa Merja , Lempinen Janne , Ahola Hanna , Söderlund Mervi , Lahdenperä Anne-Maj , Ikonen Ari T. K. , Lehto Jukka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Soil samples from three forest soil pits were examined down to a depth of
approximately three metres using 1 M ammonium acetate extraction and
microwave-assisted extraction with concentrated nitric acid
(HNO3), to study the binding of cesium (Cs) at Olkiluoto
Island, southern Finland. Ammonium acetate was used to extract the readily
exchangeable Cs fractions roughly representing the Cs fraction in soil which
is available for plants. Microwave-assisted HNO3 extraction dissolves various minerals, e.g. carbonates, most sulphides,
arsenides, selenides, phosphates, molybdates, sulphates, iron (Fe) and
manganese (Mn) oxides and some silicates (olivine, biotite, zeolite), and
reflects the total Cs concentrations. Cs was mostly found in the strongly
bound fraction obtained through HNO3 extraction. The
average Cs concentrations found in this fraction were 3.53 ± 0.30 mg/kg (d.w.), 3.06 ± 1.86 mg/kg (d.w.) and 1.83 ± 0.42 mg/kg
(d.w.) in the three soil pits, respectively. The average exchangeable Cs
found in the ammonium acetate extraction in all three sampling pits was
0.015 ± 0.008 mg/kg (d.w.). In addition, Cs concentrations in the soil
solution were determined and in situ distribution coefficients (K
d)
for Cs were calculated. Furthermore, the in situ
K
d data was compared
with the Cs K
d data obtained using the model batch
experiments. The in situ
K
d values were observed to fairly well
follow the trend of batch sorption data with respect to soil depth, but on
average the batch distribution coefficients were almost an order of
magnitude higher than the in situ
K
d data. In situ Cs sorption data could be
satisfactory fitted with the Langmuir sorption isotherm, but the Freundlich
isotherm failed to fit the data. Finally, distribution coefficients were
calculated by an ion exchange approach using soil solution data, the cation
exchange capacity (CEC) as well as Cs to sodium (Na) and Cs to potassium (K)
ion exchange selectivity coefficients. The calculated distribution
coefficients corresponded well with the in situ distribution coefficient values.
A New OB Collection of Padānum and Related Omens in Los Angeles
Authors: Winitzer Abraham 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:
The following presents an edition of a heretofore-unpublished OB omen collection concerning the padanum, or “Path.” As may be expected, this text, larger than most of the known padānum collections, enhances our understanding of the zone in Mesopotamian extispicy known by that name, typically the second according to the standardized inspection sequence. An examination of the text, however, reveals an interweaving of omens concerning other zones bearing the label of “Path.” This interweaving raises questions about the development of extispicy literature in this period and challenges conceptions concerning its standardization – from a new perspective.
Kaštiliašu and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription
Authors: Abraham Kathleen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:
This article presents an edition of a new royal inscription of the Kassite king Kaåtiliaåu. The inscription is preserved on a clay tablet and deals with the digging of the Sumundar canal. In the following discussion we identify the king in the inscription as Kaåtiliaåu III, known from the Synchronistic King List. The genealogy of the king in the inscription is compared to that known from the Synchronistic King list and other sources. The article also deals with the location of the Sumundar canal and with the religious ceremonies which were connected to royal canal digging.