bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Contamination with Inorganic Impurities on the Durability of a 1 kW DMFC System
Authors: Kimiaie N. , Trappmann C. , Janßen H. , Hehemann M. , Echsler H. , Müller M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIEK‐3 at Forschungszentrum Jülich successfully replaced the battery tray of a horizontal order picker (ECE 220, Jungheinrich) with a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) hybrid system in the kilowatt class. The DMFC combined with a lithium‐ion battery forms the hybrid drive for electrically driven horizontal order pickers. Such vehicles are used to transport and collect goods for orders in warehouses. The order picker is fueled by pure methanol to achieve a maximum range with the smallest possible space for the battery tray. An advantage of such energy systems is that there is no need for the relatively complicated and time‐consuming recharging of the conventional lead‐acid batteries, nor are spare batteries required for multishift operation. This study focuses on the influence of contamination with inorganic impurities on the durability of the 1 kW DMFC system V3.3‐1. The data from a long‐term test will be presented, in which the DMFC system was subjected to a realistic dynamic load profile for 3,000 h. The impurities identified in the post‐mortem analysis of the membrane electrode assembly will be outlined as well the influence of selected impurities, the sources of these impurities and how the DMFC V3.3‐2 system was modified on the basis of these findings.
The Effect of Plasma Spraying Power on La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ–La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–δ Composite Cathode Interlayer Microstructure and Cell Performance
Authors: Tsai C. H. , Hwang C. S. , Chang C. L. , Nien S. H. , Chuang C. M. , Chuang Shie Z. Y. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe metal‐supported intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells with a porous nickel substrate, a nano‐structured LDC (Ce0.55La0.45O2–δ)–Ni composite anode, an LDC diffusion barrier layer, an LSGM (La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3–δ) electrolyte, an LSCF (La0.58Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ)–LSGM composite cathode interlayer and an LSCF cathode current collector are fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying. Four different plasma spraying powers of 26, 28, 30, and 34 kW are used to fabricate the LSCF–LSGM composite cathode interlayers. Each cell with a prepared LSCF–LSGM composite cathode interlayer has been post‐heat treated at 960 °C for 2 h in air with an applied pressure of 450 g cm–2. The current‐voltage‐power and AC impedance measurements indicate that the LSCF–LSGM composite cathode interlayer formed at 28 kW plasma spraying power has the best power performance and the smallest polarization resistance at temperatures from 600 to 800 °C. The microstructure of the LSCF–LSGM composite cathode interlayer shows to be less dense and composed of smaller dense regions as the plasma spraying power decreases to 28 kW. The durability test of the cell with an optimized LSCF–LSGM composite cathode interlayer gives a degradation rate of 1.1% kh–1 at the 0.3 A cm–2 constant current density and 750 °C test temperature.
Pr Doped Barium Cerate as the Cathode Material for Proton‐Conducting SOFCs
Authors: Tao Z. , Hou G. , Xu N. , Chen X. , Zhang Q. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBaCe0.8Pr0.2O3 (BCP20) and BaCe0.6Pr0.4O3 (BCP40) powders are successfully synthesized through the Pechini method and used as the cathode materials for proton‐conducting solid state oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The prepared cells consisting of the structure of a BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3–δ (BZCY7)‐NiO anode substrate, a BZCY7 anode functional layer, a BZCY7 electrolyte membrane, and a cathode layer, are measured from 600 to 700 °C with humidified hydrogen (∼3% H2O) as the fuel and static air as the oxidant. The electricity results show that the cell with BCP40 cathode has a higher power density, which could obtain an open‐circuit potential of 0.99 V and a maximum power density of 378 mW cm–2 at 700 °C. The polarization resistance measured at the open‐circuit condition of BCP40 is only 0.16 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, which was less than BCP20.
A population‐level analysis of 5620 recipients of multiple in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts
Authors: Kazaure Hadiza S. , Roman Sanziana A. , Sosa Julie A. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDThere is a paucity of data examining the epidemiology of recipients of multiple in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts, and their outcomes.METHODSData source: Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 2000 to 2009. Patient characteristics, survival to discharge, discharge disposition, and cost of hospitalization of patients who had 1 versus multiple (>1) CPR attempts were compared using bivariate and multivariate methods.RESULTSOf 166,519 hospitalized CPR recipients, 3.4% had multiple CPR attempts. Compared with 1‐time CPR recipients, those undergoing multiple CPR were younger (age <65 years; 37.3% vs 42.5%, respectively), more often nonwhite (34.2% vs 41.4%), and commonly treated in nonteaching hospitals (58.0% vs 64.5%; all P < 0.001). Survival to discharge decreased by >40% for each additional CPR attempt (23.4% vs 11.9%, and 6.7% for 1, 2, and ≥3 CPR attempts, respectively; P < 0.001). After multivariate adjustment, multiple CPR was independently associated with a lower survival to discharge (odds ratio: 0.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.37‐0.44, P < 0.001). Recipients of multiple CPR were more likely to be discharged to destinations other than home (80.7% vs 70.1%, P < 0.001); 1 in 15 survivors of multiple CPR were discharged to hospice (6.8%), compared with 1 in 23 patients (4.3%) who had 1 CPR (P = 0.002). The average cost per day of hospitalization was higher for patients who had multiple CPR versus 1 CPR ($4484.60 vs $3581.40, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSRecipients of multiple in‐hospital CPR attempts are more likely to be younger, nonwhite, and treated in nonteaching hospitals. Survival to discharge is significantly worse, and the cost of hospitalization is considerably higher for these patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:29–34. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
How Well Does Your Leadership Team Really Work?
Authors: Schwarz Roger 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhy is your leadership team not as effective as it should be? The answer, Schwarz believes, often has to do with mind‐set, rather than talent. Teams need solid results in performance, working relationships, and individual well‐being. But people with a “unilateral control” mind‐set are overly focused on winning. This leads to counterproductive assumptions, such as the belief that when one understands a situation, people who disagree do not understand. Or that one's motives are pure, but those who disagree probably have questionable motives. More productive is the mind‐set and values of “mutual learning,” such as “Each of us sees things others don't.”
Quadrangular Prism: A Unique Self‐Assembly from Amphiphilic Hyperbranched PMA‐b‐PAA
Authors: Xue Xiaoqiang , Li Fang , Huang Wenyan , Yang Hongjun , Jiang Bibiao , Zheng Yiliang , Zhang Dongliang , Fang Jianbo , Kong Lizhi , Zhai Guangqun , Chen Jianhai 
Published: December 2013

The novel hyperbranched poly(methyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)s (HBPMA‐b‐PAAs) are successfully synthesized via single‐electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP), followed with hydrolysis reaction. The copolymer solution could spontaneously form unimolecular micelles composed of the hydrophobic core (PMA) and the hydrophilic shell (PAA) in water. Results show that the size of spherical particles increases from 8.18 to 19.18 nm with increased pH from 3.0 to 12.0. Most interestingly, the unique regular quadrangular prisms with the large microstructure (5.70 μm in length, and 0.47 μm in width) are observed by the self‐assembly of unimolecular micelles when pH value is below 2. Such self‐assembly behavior of HBPMA‐b‐PAA in solution is significantly influenced by the pH cycle times and concentration, which show that increased polymer concentration favors aggregate growth.
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Divergent Dendrimer Synthesis via the Passerini Three‐Component Reaction and Olefin Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Kreye Oliver , Kugele Dennis , Faust Lorenz , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: December 2013

The combination of the Passerini reaction and olefin cross‐metathesis is shown to be a very useful approach for the divergent synthesis of dendrimers. Castor oil‐derived platform chemicals, such as 10‐undecenoic acid and 10‐undecenal, are reacted in a Passerini reaction with an unsaturated isocyanide to obtain a core unit having three terminal double bonds. Subsequent olefin cross‐metathesis with tert‐butyl acrylate, followed by hydrogenation of the double bonds and hydrolysis of the tert‐butyl ester, leads to an active core unit bearing three carboxylic acid groups as reactive sites. Iterative steps of the Passerini reaction with 10‐undecenal and 10‐isocyanodec‐1‐ene for branching, and olefin cross‐metathesis with tert‐butyl acrylate, followed by hydrogenation and hydrolysis allow the synthesis of a third‐generation dendrimer. All steps of the synthesis are carefully characterized by NMR, GPC, MS, and IR.
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Impact of excess phosphorus doping and Si crystalline defects on Ag crystallite nucleation and growth in silver screen‐printed Si solar cells
Authors: Cabrera Enrique , Olibet Sara , Rudolph Dominik , Vullum Per Erik , Kopecek Radovan , Reinke Daniel , Herzog Carmen , Schwaderer Daniel , Schubert Gunnar 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGood quality contacts between metal and silicon emitter are crucial for high crystalline solar cell efficiencies. We investigate the impact of defects originating from electrically inactive phosphorus on contact formation within silver thick film metallized silicon solar cells. For this purpose, emitters with varying sheet resistance, depth, and dead layer were metallized with silver pastes from different generations. Macroscopic contact resistivity measurements were compared with the microscopic contact configurations studied by scanning electron microscopy. The density of direct contacts between Ag crystallites grown into Si and the Ag finger bulk is essential for low contact resistivity. The presence of glass‐free regions needed for such direct contacts depends on the paste composition and on the surface texture, and does not vary with the Si emitter properties. Indeed, the decrease in contact resistivity correlates with increasing density of Ag crystallites embedded in the Si surface. Furthermore, the density of Si surface‐embedded Ag crystallites scales proportional to the electrically inactive P and is independent of the sheet resistance. Using the newest silver paste, the Ag crystallite density is independent of the emitter doping, but the Ag crystallite size increases as a function of the thickness of the dead layer. Transmission electron microscopy characterization of the excess P‐doped Si crystal lattice shows that significant strain and Si bond weakening may play a major role for both Ag crystallite nucleation and growth. Finally, we studied Si crystal defects by metallizing nanocracks, dislocations, and grain boundaries and found that Ag crystallite nucleation is defect‐property dependent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of herbicide resistance in wheat cropping systems: learning from the Australian experience
Authors: Walsh Michael J , Powles Stephen B 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHerbicide resistance continues to escalate in weed populations infesting global wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crops, threatening grain production and thereby food supply. Conservation wheat production systems are reliant on the use of efficient herbicides providing low‐cost, selective weed control in intensive cropping systems. The resistance‐driven loss of herbicide resources combined with limited potential for new herbicide molecules means greater emphasis must be placed on preserving existing herbicides. For more than two decades, since the initial recognition of the dramatic consequences of herbicide resistance, the challenge of introducing additional weed control strategies into herbicide‐based weed management programmes has been formidable. Throughout this period, herbicide resistance has expanded unabated across the world's wheat production regions. However, in Australia, where herbicide resources have become desperately depleted, the adoption of harvest weed seed control is evidence, at last, of a successful approach to sustainable weed management in wheat production systems. Growers routinely including strategies to target weed seeds during crop harvest, as part of herbicide‐based weed management programmes, are now realising significant weed control and crop production benefits. When combined with an attitude of zero weed tolerance, there is evidence of a sustainable weed control future for wheat production systems. The hard‐learned lessons of Australian growers can now be viewed by global wheat producers as an example of how to stop the continual loss of herbicide resources in productive cropping systems. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Advances in modeling ventricular arrhythmias: from mechanisms to the clinic
Authors: Trayanova Natalia A. , Boyle Patrick M. 
Published: December 2013

Modern cardiovascular research has increasingly recognized that heart models and simulation can help interpret an array of experimental data and dissect important mechanisms and interrelationships, with developments rooted in the iterative interaction between modeling and experimentation. This article reviews the progress made in simulating cardiac electrical behavior at the level of the organ and, specifically, in the development of models of ventricular arrhythmias and fibrillation, as well as their termination (defibrillation). The ability to construct multiscale models of ventricular arrhythmias, representing integrative behavior from the molecule to the entire organ, has enabled mechanistic inquiry into the dynamics of ventricular arrhythmias in the diseased myocardium, in understanding drug‐induced proarrhythmia, and in the development of new modalities for defibrillation, to name a few. In this article, we also review the initial use of ventricular models of arrhythmia in personalized diagnosis, treatment planning, and prevention of sudden cardiac death. Implementing individualized cardiac simulations at the patient bedside is poised to become one of the most thrilling examples of computational science and engineering approaches in translational medicine. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:209–224. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1256This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
Ruptured AAA: Suitability for Endovascular Repair is Associated with Lower Mortality Following Open Repair
Authors: Barnes R. , Kassianides X. , Barakat H. , Mironska E. , Lakshminarayan R. , Chetter I. C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectivesPerioperative mortality of open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) remains unacceptably high: 30‐day mortality ≈40 %. This study aimed to assess, quantify, and determine the consequences of anatomic suitability for endovascular repair of rAAA.DesignA retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained database identified patients with rAAA.MethodsPreoperative CT scans were assessed for anatomic suitability for emergency EVAR and precluding factors recorded. Demographic information was collected and analysed for all patients.ResultsA total of 141 patients underwent open surgical repair of rAAA. Forty‐six patients had preoperative CT scans suitable for reconstruction. Morphological measurements indicated that 41 % would have been anatomically suitable for EVAR. Suitability was associated with lower mortality rates than unsuitability: 0, 11, and 20 % (24 h, 30 days, and 1 year respectively) versus 11, 33, and 59 % (statistically significant at 1 year; p = 0.02). The groups were comparable excepting diabetes incidence, which was higher in those suitable for EVAR (p = 0.003).ConclusionsA minority of patients with ruptured AAA are anatomically suitable for EVAR. Anatomical suitability appears to identify patients at low risk from open surgery. Whether this is due to technically less demanding open surgery is unknown. This may be resolved by the IMPROVE trial results, which are eagerly awaited.
Continuous Absorbable Intradermal Sutures Yield Better Cosmetic Results than Nonabsorbable Interrupted Sutures in Open Appendectomy Wounds: A Prospective, Randomized Trial
Authors: Koskela Anne , Kotaluoto Sannamari , Kaartinen Ilkka , Pauniaho Satu‐Liisa , Rantanen Tuomo , Kuokkanen Hannu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcute appendicitis is the most common reason for abdominal surgery in young adults and children. Open appendectomy is still the treatment often chosen because it is simple, safe, and effective. Our aim was to study whether cosmetic results of appendectomy wounds are better after using continuous absorbable intradermal (A) sutures compared with wound closure with interrupted nonabsorbable (NA) sutures.MethodsA total of 206 adult patients with clinically suspected appendicitis were allocated to the study and prospectively randomized into two wound‐closure groups: the interrupted NA suture group and the A suture group. Of these, 193 patients with sufficient data were invited to the outpatient clinic for cosmetic analysis. Cosmetic results were evaluated after a median of 14 months. For subjective scar assessment, the Vancouver scar scale, the patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS), and a visual analog scale (VAS) were used. Objective evaluation was carried out by measuring surface area, average width, and estimated concentration change (ECC) of hemoglobin and melanin in the scar using spectrocutometry. For statistical analyses we used the Mann–Whitney test and Student’s t test.ResultsBoth objective and subjective analyses showed better cosmetic results for absorbable intradermal suturing. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant as regards POSAS in both patient (p = 0.032) and observer scales (p = 0.001), and VAS (p = 0.002). Scar surface area was significantly smaller in group A than in group NA (p = 0.002). ECC measurements showed higher values for melanin in group NA than in group A (p = 0.034).ConclusionContinuous intradermal absorbable suturing yields a better cosmetic result than interrupted nonabsorbable suturing in lower abdominal transverse appendectomy.
Robust optima and tolerance ranges of biological indicators: a new method to identify sentinels of global warming
Authors: Cristóbal Elena , Ayuso Sergio Velasco , Justel Ana , Toro Manuel 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study aims to introduce the robust optimum (RO) method as an alternative to the classical weighted averaging (WA) method for estimating the ecological optimum as well as the optimum and tolerance ranges of a taxon with respect to an environmental variable in limnological studies. The RO method is based on robust location and scale estimates rather than on the mean and the standard deviation used by the WA method. The results of our study support the well‐known fact that the presence of outliers and the asymmetry of the distribution of the environmental variable might cause a significant effect on the WA‐calculated ecological optimum as well as on tolerance ranges. We compared both methods through the identification of potential biological indicators of global warming. Biological data included several benthic, oligostenotherm macroinvertebrate families inhabiting the Júcar River Basin (JRB, eastern Spain). The results of this comparison suggest that the RO method is more appropriate for estimating the distribution of taxa and, consequently, that it provides more realistic information for identifying potential sentinels of global warming in running aquatic systems. Currently, the identification of such sentinels is a goal for several environmental protection laws, such as the European Union Water Framework Directive.
Incorporation of Omega‐3 Fatty Acids in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Bran
Authors: Silva Beatriz Costa e , dos Santos Hevelyse Munise Celestino , Montanher Paula Fernandes , Boeing Joana Schuelter , Almeida Vitor de Cinque , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of the inclusion of chia bran in the diet of Nile tilapia on the composition of n‐3 fatty acids (FA). Omega‐3 fatty acids provide health benefits such as reducing the risks of coronary heart disease, hypertension and inflammation, and the precursor alpha‐linolenic acid is considered strictly essential because it cannot be synthesized by humans, therefore must be ingested. Tilapias grown in tanks for a period of 45 days were treated with diets supplemented with either soybean oil (TI) or chia bran (TII). Proximal composition analysis of the feeds showed no significant difference. Feed FA quantification showed that the chia diet (TII) had a higher alpha‐linolenic acid (LNA) content. A significant increase was observed in the concentrations of LNA (8.38–81.31 mg 100 g−1 fillets), eicosapentaenoic acid (1.12–1.56 mg 100 g−1 fillets) and docosahexaenoic acid (19.55–26.55 mg 100 g−1 fillets) in tilapia fillets between 0 and 45 days for TII. Total lipids at 45 days under TII were fractionated into neutral lipids (67.66 %) and polar lipids (18.90 %). Thus, dietary supplementation with chia bran contributed to raising the nutritional quality of Nile tilapia fillets.
Bagging with CTD – A Novel Signature for the Hierarchical Prediction of Secreted Protein Trafficking in Eukaryotes
Authors: Govindan Geetha , Nair Achuthsankar S. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Protein trafficking or protein sorting in eukaryotes is a complicated process and is carried out based on the information contained in the protein. Many methods reported prediction of the subcellular location of proteins from sequence information. However, most of these prediction methods use a flat structure or parallel architecture to perform prediction. In this work, we introduce ensemble classifiers with features that are extracted directly from full length protein sequences to predict locations in the protein-sorting pathway hierarchically. Sequence driven features, sequence mapped features and sequence autocorrelation features were tested with ensemble learners and their performances were compared. When evaluated by independent data testing, ensemble based-bagging algorithms with sequence feature composition, transition and distribution (CTD) successfully classified two datasets with accuracies greater than 90%. We compared our results with similar published methods, and our method equally performed with the others at two levels in the secreted pathway. This study shows that the feature CTD extracted from protein sequences is effective in capturing biological features among compartments in secreted pathways.