bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudo exploratório sobre a prevalência de traumatismo dentário e obesidade em escolares de 12 anos de idade em Diamantina, Minas Gerais.
Authors: Paiva Paula Cristina Pelli , Paiva Haroldo Neves de , Filho Paulo Messias Oliveira , Lamounier Joel Alves , Zarzar Patrícia Maria 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: O objetivo foi analisar a prevalência de traumatismo dentário em escolares com 12 anos de idade, na cidade de Diamantina, MG, avaliando ainda a associação com fatores demográficos e clínicos. Materiais e Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 101 escolares (46,5% do sexo masculino e 53,5% do sexo feminino) selecionados de escolas públicas e privadas. O exame clínico foi realizado por um dentista treinado e calibrado adotando a classificação de Andreasen et al. A condição socioeconômica foi investigada por meiodo questionário ABA-ABIPEME, renda familiar e escolaridade da mãe. A obesidade foi medida pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC= peso [kg] / altura [m2]), por sexo e idade. Foram realizadas análises de frequência e testede associação (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência de traumatismo dentário foi 33,7%, a principal lesão a fratura de esmalte (57,7%) e o tratamento mais prevalente a restauração estética com compósito (5,9%). A maioriadas crianças apresentou apenas um dente acometido (94,1%), sendo o incisivo central o dente mais afetado. O traumatismo dentário em 77,8% dos escolares ocorreu há mais de um ano. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o sexo masculino Odds Ratio (OR) – 2,54 e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) 95%=1,090-5,951 (p=0,029), sobressaliência acentuada OR – 6,648 (IC95%=2,591-7,057) (p=0,001), proteção labial inadequada OR – 4,977 (IC95%=2,001-12,376) (p<0,0001) e a presença de traumatismo dentário. O traumatismo dentário não esteve estatisticamente associado à classe socioeconômica (p=0,579), escolaridade da mãe (p=0,249) e IMC (p=0,776). Conclusão: A prevalência de traumatismo dentário aos 12 anos foi elevada, estando associada ao gênero e aos fatores clínicos sobressaliência acentuada e proteção labial inadequada, porém semelhantes entre as classes ocioeconômicas e padrões nutricionais.Descritores: Traumatismos dentários. Saúde bucal. Dentição permanente. Adolescente. Índice de massacorporal.
Cloud formation, convection, and stratospheric dehydration
Authors: Schoeberl Mark R. , Dessler Andrew E. , Wang Tao , Avery Melody A. , Jensen Eric J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis winds, temperatures, and anvil cloud ice, we use our domain‐filling, forward trajectory model combined with a new cloud module to show that convective transport of saturated air and ice to altitudes below the tropopause has a significant impact on stratospheric water vapor and upper tropospheric clouds. We find that including cloud microphysical processes (rather than assuming that parcel water vapor never exceeds saturation) increases the lower stratospheric average H2O by 10–20%. Our model‐computed cloud fraction shows reasonably good agreement with tropical upper troposphere (TUT) cloud frequency observed by the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument in boreal winter with poorer agreement in summer. Our results suggest that over 40% of TUT cirrus is due to convection, and it is the saturated air from convection rather than injected cloud ice that primarily contributes to this increase. Convection can add up to 13% more water to the stratosphere. With just convective hydration (convection adds vapor up to saturation), the global lower stratospheric modeled water vapor is close to Microwave Limb Sounder observations. Adding convectively injected ice increases the modeled water vapor to ~8% over observations. Improving the representation of MERRA tropopause temperatures fields reduces stratospheric water vapor by ~4%.
Sensitivity of tropical forest aboveground productivity to climate anomalies in SW Costa Rica
Authors: Hofhansl Florian , Kobler Johannes , Ofner Joachim , Drage Sigrid , Pölz Eva‐Maria , Wanek Wolfgang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe productivity of tropical forests is driven by climate (precipitation, temperature, and light) and soil fertility (geology and topography). While large‐scale drivers of tropical productivity are well established, knowledge on the sensitivity of tropical lowland net primary production to climate anomalies remains scarce. We here analyze seven consecutive years of monthly recorded tropical forest aboveground net primary production (ANPP) in response to a recent El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) anomaly. The ENSO transition period resulted in increased temperatures and decreased precipitation during the El Niño dry period, causing a decrease in ANPP. However, the subsequent La Niña wet period caused strong increases in ANPP such that drought‐induced reductions were overcompensated. Most strikingly, the climatic controls differed between canopy production (CP) and wood production (WP). Whereas CP showed strong seasonal variation but was not affected by ENSO, WP decreased significantly in response to a 3°C increase in annual maximum temperatures during the El Niño period but subsequently recovered to above predrought levels during the La Niña period. Moreover, the climate sensitivity of tropical forest ANPP components was affected by local topography (water availability) and disturbance history (species composition). Our results suggest that projected increases in temperature and dry season length could impact tropical carbon sequestration by shifting ANPP partitioning toward decreased WP, thus decreasing the carbon storage of highly productive lowland forests. We conclude that the impact of climate anomalies on tropical forest productivity is strongly related to local site characteristics and will therefore likely prevent uniform responses of tropical lowland forests to projected global changes.
High‐pressure melting of MgO from (Mg,Fe)O solid solutions
Authors: Du Zhixue , Lee Kanani K. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMagnesium oxide (MgO) is a significant component of planetary interiors, particularly Earth's mantle and other rocky planets within and beyond our solar system; thus its high‐pressure, high‐temperature behavior is important to understanding the thermochemical evolution of planets. Laser‐heated diamond‐anvil cell (DAC) experiments on (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase up to ~40 GPa show that previous DAC experiments on MgO melting are too low, while previous multi‐anvil experiments yield melting temperatures too high. Instead, our quasi‐static experimental results are consistent with recent ab initio predictions as well as dynamic shock measurements. Extrapolated to the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) of the Earth, MgO is expected to melt at ~8000 ± 500 K, much greater than expected geotherm temperatures.
Correcting oceanic O2/Ar‐net community production estimates for vertical mixing using N2O observations
Authors: Cassar Nicolas , Nevison Cynthia D. , Manizza Manfredi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe O2/Ar approach has become a key method to estimate oceanic net community production (NCP). However, in some seasons and regions of the ocean, strong vertical mixing of O2‐depleted deepwater introduces a large error into O2/Ar‐derived NCP estimates. In these cases, undersaturated‐O2/Ar observations have for all intents and purposes been ignored. We propose to combine underway O2/Ar and N2O observations into a composite tracer that is conservative with respect to the influence of vertical mixing on the surface biological O2 inventory. We test the proposed method with an ocean observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) in which we compare N2O‐O2/Ar and O2/Ar‐only gas flux estimates of NCP to the model‐simulated true NCP in the Southern Ocean. Our proof‐of‐concept simulations show that the N2O‐O2/Ar tracer significantly improves NCP estimates when/where vertical mixing is important.
Effects of realistic land surface initializations on subseasonal to seasonal soil moisture and temperature predictability in North America and in changing climate simulated by CCSM4
Authors: Kumar Sanjiv , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Lawrence David M. , DelSole Timothy , Altshuler Eric L. , Cash Benjamin A. , Fennessy Michael J. , Guo Zhichang , Kinter James L. , Straus David M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFully coupled global climate model experiments are performed using the Community Climate System Model version 4.0 (CCSM4) for preindustrial, present, and future climate to study the effects of realistic land surface initializations on subseasonal to seasonal climate forecasts. Model forecasts are verified against model control simulations (perfect model experiments), thus overcoming to some extent issues of uncertainties in the observations and/or model parameterizations. Findings suggest that realistic land surface initialization is important for climate predictability at subseasonal to seasonal time scales. We found the highest predictability for soil moisture, followed by evapotranspiration, temperature, and precipitation. The predictability is highest for the 16 to 30 days forecast period, and it progressively decreases for the second and third month forecasts. We found significant changes in the spatial distributions of temperature predictability in the present and future climate compared to the preindustrial climate, although the spatial average changes for North America were rather small (<10%). To attribute the potential cause of changes in land‐driven temperature predictability, they are correlated with the changes in land related climate metrics. The changes in temperature predictability are positively (0.40), and negatively (−0.35) correlated with the changes in nonrainy days evaporative fraction, and changes in dryness index respectively. From this result, the hypothesis arises that wetter conditions favor higher land‐driven temperature predictability in North America. We tested the hypothesis by rearranging the predictability experiment ensembles and found support for the hypothesis in the midlatitude regions and short‐term forecasts (16 to 30 days).
Influence of irrigation on land hydrological processes over California
Authors: Sorooshian Soroosh , AghaKouchak Amir , Li Jialun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this study, a regional climate model (RCM) is employed to investigate the effect of irrigation on hydrology over California through implementing a “realistic irrigation” scheme. Our results indicate that the RCM with a realistic irrigation scheme commonly practiced in California can capture the soil moisture and evapotranspiration (ET) variation very well in comparison with the available in situ and remote sensing data. The RCM results show significant improvement in comparison with those outputs from the default run and the commonly used runs with fixed soil moisture at field capacity. Furthermore, the model reproduces the observed decreasing trends of the reference ET (i.e., ET0) from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS). The observed decreasing trend is most likely due to the decreasing trend of downward solar radiation shown by models and CIMIS observations. This issue is fundamental in projecting future irrigation water demand. The deep soil percolation rate changes depending on the irrigation method and irrigation duration. Finally, the model results show that precipitation change due to irrigation in California is relatively small in amount and mainly occurs along the midlatitudes in the western United States.
Seasonal evapotranspiration changes (1983–2006) of four large basins on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Xiuping , Wang Lei , Chen Deliang , Yang Kun , Wang Aihui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLack of reliable historical basin‐scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates is a bottleneck for water balance analyses and model evaluation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study looks at four large basins on the TP to develop a general approach suitable for large river basins to estimate historical monthly ET. Five existing global ET products are evaluated against monthly ET estimated by the water balance method as a residual from precipitation (P), terrestrial water storage change (ΔS), and discharge (R). The five ET products exhibit similar seasonal variability, despite of the different amounts among them. A bias correction method, based on the probability distribution mapping between the reference ET and the five products during 2003–2012, effectively removes nearly all biases and significantly increases the reliability of the products. Then, the surface water balance changes for the four basins are analyzed based on the corrected ET products as well as observed P and R during 1983–2006. A trend analysis shows an upward trend for ET in the four basins for all seasons during the past three decades, along with the regional warming, as well as a dominating increasing trend in P and negative trend in R.
Small crater modification on Meridiani Planum and implications for erosion rates and climate change on Mars
Authors: Golombek M. P. , Warner N. H. , Ganti V. , Lamb M. P. , Parker T. J. , Fergason R. L. , Sullivan R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA morphometric and morphologic catalog of ~100 small craters imaged by the Opportunity rover over the 33.5 km traverse between Eagle and Endeavour craters on Meridiani Planum shows craters in six stages of degradation that range from fresh and blocky to eroded and shallow depressions ringed by planed off rim blocks. The age of each morphologic class from <50–200 ka to ~20 Ma has been determined from the size‐frequency distribution of craters in the catalog, the retention age of small craters on Meridiani Planum, and the age of the latest phase of ripple migration. The rate of degradation of the craters has been determined from crater depth, rim height, and ejecta removal over the class age. These rates show a rapid decrease from ~1 m/Myr for craters <1 Ma to ~ <0.1 m/Myr for craters 10–20 Ma, which can be explained by topographic diffusion with modeled diffusivities of ~10−6 m2/yr. In contrast to these relatively fast, short‐term erosion rates, previously estimated average erosion rates on Mars over ~100 Myr and 3 Gyr timescales from the Amazonian and Hesperian are of order <0.01 m/Myr, which is 3–4 orders of magnitude slower than typical terrestrial rates. Erosion rates during the Middle‐Late Noachian averaged over ~250 Myr, and ~700 Myr intervals are around 1 m/Myr, comparable to slow terrestrial erosion rates calculated over similar timescales. This argues for a wet climate before ~3 Ga in which liquid water was the erosional agent, followed by a dry environment dominated by slow eolian erosion.
Hot carbon corona in Mars' upper thermosphere and exosphere: 2. Solar cycle and seasonal variability
Authors: Lee Yuni , Combi Michael R. , Tenishev Valeriy , Bougher Stephen W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis work presents the variability over seasons (i.e., orbital position) and solar cycle of the Martian upper atmosphere and hot carbon corona. We investigate the production and distribution of energetic carbon atoms and the impacts on the total global hot carbon loss from dominant photochemical processes at five different cases: AL (aphelion and low solar activity), EL (equinox and low solar activity), EH (equinox and high solar activity), PL (perihelion and low solar activity), and PH (perihelion and high solar activity). We compare our results with previously published results but only on the limited cases due to the dearth of studies on solar EUV flux and seasonal variabilities. Photodissociation of CO and dissociative recombination of CO+are generally regarded as the two most important source reactions for the production of hot atomic carbon. Of these two, photodissociation of CO is found to be the dominant source in all cases considered. To describe self‐consistently the exosphere and the upper thermosphere, a 3‐D kinetic particle simulator, the Adaptive Mesh Particle Simulator, and the 3‐D Mars Thermosphere General Circulation Model are one‐way coupled. The basic description of this hot carbon calculation can be found in the companion paper to this one. The spatial distributions and profiles of density and temperature and atmospheric loss rates are discussed for the cases considered. Finally, our computed global escape rate of hot carbon ranges from 5.28 × 1023 s−1(AL) to 55.1 × 1023 s−1(PL).
Evaluation of Serum Interleukin‐6 Level as a Surrogate Marker of Synovial Inflammation and as a Factor of Structural Progression in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results From a French National Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Baillet Athan , Gossec Laure , Paternotte Simon , Etcheto Adrien , Combe Bernard , Meyer Olivier , Mariette Xavier , Gottenberg Jacques‐Eric , Dougados Maxime 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a key cytokine in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. We aimed to analyze the association between IL‐6 serum levels and joint inflammation at baseline and the correlation of time‐integrated IL‐6 values with structural damage during the first 36 months of early arthritis.MethodsIL‐6 was assessed by 2 different methods in 813 patients of the French early arthritis cohort ESPOIR (Etude et Suivi des Polyarthrites Indifférenciées Récentes) over 36 months. IL‐6 and C‐reactive protein (CRP) changes were correlated to radiographic progression assessed by the total Sharp/van der Heijde score (SHS). Synovium inflammation was assessed in a subgroup of 126 patients by ultrasonography (US). The relationship between SHS change and IL‐6 or CRP levels at baseline was investigated by a univariate regression and a multivariable analysis. A longitudinal model nested by visit and patient was conducted to assess the role of IL‐6 on SHS at each visit.ResultsAt baseline, IL‐6 was more strongly correlated with the swollen joint count than CRP level. In the univariate analysis, the time‐integrated value of IL‐6 was more strongly correlated with the swollen joint count and the variation of SHS than time‐integrated CRP level. Baseline IL‐6 was not independently associated with SHS change. Longitudinal models nested by patient showed that IL‐6 levels were associated with structural damage independently from the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, smoking status, rheumatoid factor, and anti–citrullinated protein peptide antibody serology, treatments, and CRP levels.ConclusionIL‐6 level was a marker of US synovitis at baseline. Repeated measurements of IL‐6 are associated with structural damage.
Critical Appraisal of Studies Measuring Quality of Life in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Adunuri Nikesh Reddy , Feldman Brian Michael 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo critically evaluate studies purporting to measure quality of life (QOL) or health‐related QOL (HRQOL) in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) by assessing the face validity of studies via a predefined set of criteria based on Gill and Feinstein (1994).MethodsSystematic review was conducted of studies in Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo purporting to measure QOL or HRQOL in JIA. Studies were evaluated based on a set of 8 yes/no criteria set forth by Gill and Feinstein in 1994.ResultsThirty‐four of 50 studies (68%) purported to measure HRQOL, 13 of 50 (26%) measured QOL, and 3 of 50 (6%) measured both QOL and HRQOL. The descriptive analysis of studies is as follows: 22 of 50 studies (44%) explained and defined the authors' meaning of QOL or HRQOL, 42 of 50 studies (84%) stated and explained the domains of the instruments used to measure QOL and HRQOL, authors gave reasons for using a particular instrument in 25 of 50 studies (50%), 14 of 50 studies (28%) asked the patients to give their own global rating, 4 of 50 study authors (8%) tried to differentiate QOL from HRQOL, 5 of 50 authors (10%) provided an opportunity for patients to add items to an instrument, 30 of 50 study authors (60%) reported providing the patients with an opportunity to rate items of importance, and 18 of 50 studies (36%) reported an overall composite score for QOL or HRQOL.ConclusionOur results show that the face validity of studies measuring QOL in JIA is not up to the standards and recommendations set forth by Gill and Feinstein in 1994.
Temporal Effect of Depressive Symptoms on the Longitudinal Evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity
Authors: Rathbun Alan M. , Harrold Leslie R. , Reed George W. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveDepression is common in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population, yet little is known of its effect on the course of disease activity. The aim of our study was to determine if prevalent and incident depressive symptoms influenced longitudinal changes in RA disease activity.MethodsRA patients with and without depressive symptoms were identified using single‐item questions from an existing registry sample. Mixed‐effects models were used to examine changes in disease activity over 2 years in those with and without prevalent and incident depressive symptoms. Outcome variables included composite disease activity, joint counts, global assessments, pain, function, and acute‐phase reactants. Model‐based outcome estimations at the index dates and corresponding 1‐ and 2‐year changes were calculated.ResultsRates of disease activity change were significantly different in patients with a lifetime prevalence of symptomology, but not incident depressive symptoms, when compared to controls. Prior symptoms were associated with slower rates of disease activity decline, evidenced by the estimated 1‐year Clinical Disease Activity Index changes: −3.0 (−3.3, −2.6) and −4.0 (−4.3, −3.6) in patients with and without lifetime prevalence, respectively. Analogous results were obtained for most of the other disease activity outcomes; although, there was no temporal effect of prevalent symptoms of depression on swollen joints and acute‐phase reactants.ConclusionDepressive symptoms temporally influence the evolution of RA disease activity, and the magnitude is dependent on the time of symptomatic onset. However, the effect is limited to patient‐reported pain, global assessment, and function, as well as physician‐reported global assessment and tender joints.
An Efficient Nanoscale Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Capture and Conversion of Carbon Dioxide at Ambient Pressure
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Huan , Ma Jian‐Gong , Niu Zheng , Yang Guang‐Ming , Cheng Peng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSilver nanoparticles were successfully supported on the zeolite‐type metal–organic framework MIL‐101 to yield Ag@MIL‐101 by a simple liquid impregnation method. For the first time, the conversion of terminal alkynes into propiolic acids with CO2 was achieved by the use of the Ag@MIL‐101 catalysts. Owing to the excellent catalytic activity, the reaction proceeded at atmospheric pressure and low temperature (50 °C). The Ag@MIL‐101 porous material is of outstanding bifunctional character as it is capable of simultaneously capturing and converting CO2 with low energy consumption and can be recovered easily by centrifugation.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Diazo Cross‐Coupling: A Selective and Ligand‐Controlled Denitrogenation/Cyclization Cascade
Authors: Xu Guangyang , Zhu Chenghao , Gu Weijin , Li Jian , Sun Jiangtao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn unprecedented gold‐catalyzed ligand‐controlled cross‐coupling of diazo compounds by sequential selective denitrogenation and cyclization affords N‐substituted pyrazoles in a position‐switchable mode. This novel transformation features selective decomposition of one diazo moiety and simultaneous preservation of the other one from two substrates. Notably, the choice of the ancillary ligand to the gold complex plays a pivotal role on the chemo‐ and regioselectivity of the reactions.