bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dr. Hans Max Hirschfeld, man zonder moreel kompas? Over de ontsporing van beeldvorming
Authors: Bruin R. de 
Published: September 2015

Dr Hans Max Hirschfeld: A Man without a Moral Compass? On Dislodging PerceptionsEven though his father was Jewish, Hans Max Hirschfeld became one of the most prominent Dutch civil servants during the German Occupation of the Netherlands. In the interest of the Dutch population, Hirschfeld was supposed to co-operate with the German Reichskommissariat. However, various measures made him very unpopular with the government in exile and the resistance movement. In his well-read history of the Netherlands under Nazi rule, Dutch historian Loe de Jong portrayed Hirschfeld as the personification of the aloofness that was characteristic of many Dutch people with regard to the persecution of the Jews. De Jong characterized Hirschfeld as a typical ‘negotiator’, who had learned to shield his emotions regarding the fate of the Jews. In the past few years, two biographies on Hirschfeld have been published, in which De Jong’s characterizations play a major role. This article, based on research of De Jong’s records, claims that the characterizations were largely inventions of De Jong, rooted in images projected in the illegal press during the German Occupation. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Dr. Max Hirschfeld. Man van het grote geld' (Meindert Fennema en Johan Rhijnsburger).
Partis en Hainaut? La place de la noblesse hainuyère dans la lutte entre Jacqueline de Bavière et Jean IV de Brabant (1424-1428)
Authors: Flammang V. 
Published: September 2015

Hainault Factions? The Role of the Hainault Nobility in the Struggle between Jacqueline of Bavaria and John IV of Brabant (1424- 1428)From March until June 1425, part of Hainault was devastated by the war that was waged between Jacqueline of Bavaria, heiress to the county, and her exhusband, John IV of Brabant, both of whom were pretenders to the sovereignty of the county. On this occasion, part of the county's nobility split up and chose to support one of the opposing sides. Among the various incentives that might have influenced the nobles, two predominant elements seem to have motivated their choice of camp: the territorial base of the nobles concerned and John IV's personality. The weakness of his character may have attracted some nobles who planned to take advantage of the situation or, conversely, it may have failed to please some members of the high-ranking and ancient nobility of Hainault, among whom chivalric ideals were still very much alive. This article is part of the special issue 'The history of the nobility in the Netherlands and Belgium'.
Beeldvorming rond adel en ridderschap bij Froissart en de Bourgondische kroniekschrijvers
Authors: Buylaert F. , Dumolyn J. 
Published: September 2015

The Representation of Nobility and Chivalry in the Literature of Froissart and the Burgundian ChroniclersThis article discusses the representation of nobility and chivalry in the historiographical literature of Jean Froissart and his fifteenth-century followers. By analysing the discourse of those chronicles, this article intends to focus on the social functions of this literary tradition for its intended public; the nobles and state officials of the Burgundian-Habsburg court. As such, this publication questions the existing interpretation of the remarkable emphasis of those chroniclers on virtue as the source of ‘true nobility’ as an attempt by ambitious officials and intellectuals to obtain a noble status. The social significance of those chronicles resides in the fact that they were important for the definition and dissemination of a set of norms that governed the public behaviour of nobles. This article is part of the special issue 'The history of the nobility in the Netherlands and Belgium'.
Vrome daden en gedachten. Een revisionistische kijk op het katholieke verleden van Nederland
Authors: Bruaene A.-L. Van 
Published: September 2015

L. Bogaers, Aards, betrokken en zelfbewust. De verwevenheid van cultuur en religie in katholiek Utrecht, 1300-1600Ch.H., Parker, Faith on the Margins. Catholics and Catholicism in the Dutch Golden Age Pious Deeds and Thoughts. A Revisionist View of the Netherlands’ Catholic PastThis contribution comments upon the renewed interest in the Catholic past of the Netherlands. It discusses two recent books by Llewellyn Bogaers and Charles H. Parker on late medieval and early modern Catholicism, respectively. Both authors reject a teleological conception of history and propose studying the devotion of laymen, laywomen and the clergy from within. Both studies can be considered as part of a wider international – partly anthropologically inspired – trend to reassess the history of Catholicism. The author of this contribution applauds these developments but advocates a stronger integration of the study of religious practices on the one hand, and the study of religious experiences and ideas on the other hand.
Repliek
Authors: Oosterhuis Harry , Gijswijt-Hofstra M. 
Published: September 2015

Response In our response to the three reviews of our book we focus on five critical points that were made, namely: the presumed absence of a central question and overall explanatory framework; the argument that the work is not a synthesis; the problem of the interplay between the supply of and demand for mental health care; the relation between the perspective of mental health experts and our interpretation of this in terms of cultural pessimism as well as social design; and the objection that our elaboration of the process of psychologisation is unclear. We would like to emphasise that we do indeed present a definition of a central problem in the introduction and that we discuss it extensively and systematically in our conclusion. We also explain what, in our view, a historical synthesis should aim for and that our approach is empirical-historical rather than theoreticalsociological. We believe that we maintain a considerable distance from the actor's perspective at that time and that the criticism of our description of psychologisation is based on a limited understanding of that term. This response is part of the discussion forum 'Verward van geest en ander ongerief' (H. Oosterhuis, M. Gijswijt-Hofstra).
Geen identiteit zonder oriëntatie in de tijd. Over de noodzaak van chronologie
Authors: Grever M. 
Published: September 2015

No Identity without Temporality. Why We Need ChronologiesRecently, the Dutch National History Museum launched a concept of five theme-worlds that would serve as the outline of Dutch history. Critics assume that this concept is at loggerheads with a clear chronology; in their view the museum will become a postmodern stew. This contribution investigates the extent to which this critique makes sense. One of the reasons for the critique is that the five-worlds-concept seems to abstract temporality. Indeed, in some theme-worlds different phenomena are gathered under one umbrella. In which case a coherent story with a clear temporality becomes impossible and visitors will get lost. Another reason for the critique is that the concept does not fit the temporality of national political history. There are indeed two theme-worlds which focus on climatic and social-economic processes. However, that does not contradict a chronology, it only indicates a different temporality. This article is part of the forum 'The Dutch National History Museum'.
Water en Land
Authors: Dam P.J.E.M. van 
Published: September 2015

Water and Dry LandWater management has always been a major concern. Dutch pragmatism certainly has roots in water management, but it is also rooted in the culture of meetings of the Dutch cities and in the attitude of the peasant who produced for the market very early on. Water control reached its height when we introduced reinforced concrete for hydraulic engineering. Around 1970, the ecological turning point caused a change in focus. Water managers became concerned about the quality of water, the creation of ‘new nature’ and the adaptation to water. In this way, we did not discard the assets of the Industrial Revolution, but rather put them into a new framework: more green in the blue. Water is by definition international. The Netherlands co-parented the international cooperation of the Rhine countries. Is this history part of our national consciousness? Can the water history of the South- and Eastern Netherlands also join in the national water history of the twentieth century? This article is part of the forum 'The Dutch National History Museum'.
Nationale beginselen? Een transnationale geschiedenis van politiek en grondwet in de negentiende eeuw
Authors: Aerts R. 
Published: September 2015

National Principles? A Transnational History of Politics and the Constitution in the Nineteenth CenturyHow ‘national’ was the political history of the nineteenth century? This question is relevant because it relates to a century steeped in nation-building and nationalism. The article examines both the historiography and the transnational traffic of models for a constitutional order. Paradoxically, it was precisely during this century of nationalism that, more than ever before, the political and constitutional models were of a transnational nature. In general, the Netherlands evolved into an international trend-hopper during the nineteenth century. This also applied to the constitutional process. And yet, against the background of this general trend, the Dutch constitution of 1814/1815 and that of 1848 remained relatively original and were crafted on the basis of the national scene. Moreover, although British, French and Belgian models did indeed feature in the discussions leading up to the revision of the 1848 constitution, they did not play a prominent role. This study invites the audience to reflect upon the nature of ‘national’ as far as this relates to political history and the explanatory frameworks used for it. This article is part of the special issue 'The Internationalization of the National History and the Pillarization'.
De problematische internationalisering van de Nederlandse jaren zestig
Authors: Pas Niek 
Published: September 2015

The Problematic Internationalization of 1960s NetherlandsThe grand narrative of the 1960s is of a worldwide, socio-cultural movement with a reform agenda. The year ‘1968’ plays a central role in the discourse about the ‘Sixties worldwide’. This doubles up as a reference to a socio-cultural reality on the one hand and a metaphor for change on the other. The Netherlands also had to face an expanding, selfaware youth culture, rowdy student movements, alternative lifestyles and calls for emancipation. These developments, both historically and historiographically, do not necessarily run parallel with the concept of the Global Sixties. This paper traces the progress of the study of the Netherlands in the 1960s, which was carried out from a national perspective, and examines how the research associated with it relates to the international context mentioned earlier. This article is part of the special issue 'The Internationalization of the National History and the Pillarization'.
De nasleep van Somalië, Rwanda en Srebrenica: overeenkomsten en verschillen
Authors: Brocades Zaalberg Thijs 
Published: September 2015

Klep, Christ, Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica. De nasleep van drie ontspoorde vredesmissies (Dissertatie Utrecht 2008; Amsterdam: Boom, 2008, 385 blz., ISBN 978 90 8506 668 2)The Aftermath of Somalia, Rwanda and Srebrenica: Parallels and DifferencesChrist Klep has written an impressive and highly accessible thesis on the aftermath of three unsuccessful peace operations. By using a bold comparative approach and an ambitious tone of enquiry he places the traumatic Dutch Srebrenica experience in the context of two broadly similar processes of finger-pointing and evading responsibility in Canada and Belgium following their respective interventions in Somalia and Rwanda. He thus exposes many fascinating parallels, yet the historian Klep pays little attention to the differences between his case studies. This is regrettable, as this would have strengthened rather than weakened his otherwise compelling argument. The Somali case in particular differs from ‘Srebrenica’ and ‘Rwanda’, since the murders perpetrated by Canadian soldiers – horrific as they may have been – and the subsequent cover-up in no way constituted a defining moment in the collapsing international mission as a whole. Unlike the genocides in Rwanda and Srebrenica the death of the two Somalis was the result of a purely national Canadian failure, which helps explain why the Somalia Inquiry could identify guilty compatriots far more decisively than, for example, the Netherlands Institute for War Documentation (NIOD) in its Srebrenica report. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica' (Christ Klep).
Why have there been no more ‘affairs’ like Somalia, Rwanda and Srebrenica?
Authors: Jockel Joseph T. 
Published: September 2015

Klep, Christ, Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica. De nasleep van drie ontspoorde vredesmissies (Dissertatie Utrecht 2008; Amsterdam: Boom, 2008, 385 blz., ISBN 978 90 8506 668 2) In his dissertation, Dr. Klep concentrates on peace operations and their aftermath as fairly domestic matters in Canada, Belgium and the Netherlands. These three peace operations also fit, however, into an international development at the end of the Cold War. Classic, ‘blue’ peacekeeping was largely replaced by more robust ‘green’ international interventions that are not only more dangerous, but during which much more is expected of the peacekeeping forces. New ‘affairs’ surrounding peace operations have not occurred. The un and national governments are less inclined to begin such missions (namely Daurfur). Presumably the armed forces of several countries have drawn lessons from the peace operations that went off the rails. Also the public is less shocked by accusations of misconduct under difficult circumstances. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica' (Christ Klep).
Binnenland ontmoet buitenland. De nasleep van onderzoekscommissies naar ontspoorde vredesmissies
Authors: Kemseke Peter Van 
Published: September 2015

Klep, Christ, Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica. De nasleep van drie ontspoorde vredesmissies (Dissertatie Utrecht 2008; Amsterdam: Boom, 2008, 385 blz., ISBN 978 90 8506 668 2) When the Home Front meets Foreign Parts. The Aftermath of Commissions of Inquiry into derailed Peace MissionsPeace Missions take place in difficult and volatile circumstances. It is therefore hardly surprising that some peace missions become ‘derailed’. Christ Klep zooms in on three ‘derailed’ missions in his book and focuses on the value of Commissions of Inquiry which are subsequently set up as a result of public and political pressure. Do they succeed in revealing the ‘how’ and the ‘why’ of such derailments and – above all – identifying those who are responsible? Based on a broad spectrum of questions and extensive source materials, Klep concludes that ‘the number of escape routes from the labyrinth of responsibility is practically infinite’; a clear message for all those taking part in international and domestic politics. It is here that the author skillfully and expertly succeeds: exposing the complex entanglement of domestic and foreign policy, even concerning events that sometimes happen away from the capital city. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica' (Christ Klep).
Repliek
Authors: Klep Christ 
Published: September 2015

Klep, Christ, Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica. De nasleep van drie ontspoorde vredesmissies (Dissertatie Utrecht 2008; Amsterdam: Boom, 2008, 385 blz., ISBN 978 90 8506 668 2).ResponseThe validity of my comparative approach (Somalia-Rwanda-Srebrenica) still stands, in my opinion. At the level of political responsibility and the process of coming to terms with events, the similarities are stronger than the differences. My estimation that the Inquiry reports were ‘hijacked’ by almost all of the stakeholders involved (especially the Canadian, Belgian and Dutch governments) is more of a matter of fact and a political reality than a reproach that ought to have legal implications. Finally, the question of how far the three governments that were involved learned lessons from the three affairs is difficult to answer. Was it not also the wider developments (for example, the switch from the ‘blue’ missions to the more robust ‘green’ missions) that compelled the lessons to be drawn out? This response is part of the discussion forum 'Somalië, Rwanda, Srebrenica' (Christ Klep).
Urbanization, Culture and the Dutch Origins of the European Enlightenment
Authors: Mijnhardt Wijnand W. 
Published: September 2015

The Dutch Republic currently plays a prominent role in the big debates on the origins and nature of the European Enlightenment. However, relatively little attention has been devoted to the role played by urbanization in this. This contribution focuses on the specific form of urbanization that took place in Holland, and a compelling relationship is established between urbanization in the coastal provinces and a series of political and religious issues that were of decisive importance in the early European Enlightenment. The high watermark of this Dutch contribution can be found in the period 1680-1730. After this, and closely related to the decrease in urbanization and the social problems associated with economic decline, the Dutch Enlightenment would acquire a character all of its own, unfamiliar to other Europeans. This article is part of the special issue 'The International Relevance of Dutch History'.
The Dutch Empire. An Essential Part of World History
Authors: Doel Wim van den 
Published: September 2015

In this article, a number of aspects of the history of Dutch colonialism are linked to developments in world history. A number of themes are covered by this approach, such as the consequences of the worldwide revolutions around 1800, the Cultivation System, modern imperialism, the rise of the colonial state, nationalism and decolonisation. The aim is to show that the development of specific parts of the world was linked to major, worldwide historical processes through links that arose thanks to Dutch colonialism. I further argue that knowledge of the history of Dutch colonialism is essential to an understanding of these major, worldwide processes. This article is part of the special issue 'The International Relevance of Dutch History'.
Civil Society or Democracy? A Dutch Paradox
Authors: Aerts Remieg 
Published: September 2015

Since the 1990s, research has been carried out worldwide into the relationship between ‘civil society’ (an organised, self-aware society) and the formation of democracy. Dutch historians have to date shown little interest in this field of research, although the case of the Netherlands is an interesting one, both historically and in terms of current affairs. This article makes a case for the relevance of Dutch history to the debate on civil society in relation to three points. Firstly, where civil society is a phenomenon of the eighteenth and above all the nineteenth centuries, the society of the Republic demonstrates that a corporatist order can show characteristics of a civil society. Secondly, the factor of religion can be an important element in the promotion of social commitment. Thirdly, Dutch history flags up a paradox: it seems that a highly developed, civil society can rather limit than promote the need for political democracy and the recognition of an independent political sphere. This article is part of the special issue 'The International Relevance of Dutch History'.
Religion in the Modern Netherlands and the Problems of Pluralism
Authors: Kennedy James C. , Zwemer Jan P. 
Published: September 2015

The religious history of the Netherlands during the last two centuries exhibits some of the same dynamics and tensions as those evidenced in neighbouring countries. This article selects from religious history three historiographical issues salient to transnational patterns. The first pertains to Dutch churchstate relations in the nineteenth century, most notably a relatively early disestablishment. The second theme concerns the so-called ‘pillarization’ (verzuiling) of Dutch society, and to what extent pillarization – to the extent it is a useful concept at all – can be regarded as a quintessentially ‘Dutch’ way to manage religious pluralism. The last theme focuses on secularization, a concept which historians have used to analyse the decline of organized religion in the Netherlands, particularly the sharp decline in religious participation and adherence after 1960. Religion, however, has remained an important focus of debate in recent decades, as the Dutch sought again to renegotiate the politics of pluralism. This article is part of the special issue 'The International Relevance of Dutch History'.
Pillarization, Multiculturalism and Cultural Freezing. Dutch Migration History and the Enforcement of Essentialist Ideas
Authors: Schrover Marlou 
Published: September 2015

During the 1970s, the Netherlands introduced a set of multi-cultural policies which, through government subsidies, subsidised and promoted the otherness of migrants for several decades. Other countries also embraced multiculturalism. In the Netherlands, however, this policy represented a continuation of an older tradition of pillarization. Multiculturalism was not pillarization in new clothes, however, although there was a continuity of the underlying ideas, as this article will show. This led to a great deal of enthusiasm for multiculturalism, and subsequently to great disappointment, without it ever becoming clear what exactly the aim of the policy was and how its success or failure could be measured. The central thesis of this article is that the successive development of pillarization and multiculturalism in the Netherlands has led to a reinforcement of essentialist ideas concerning migrants and their descendants, as well as a freezing of ideas on ‘the’ Dutch culture. This double freezing then made adaptation difficult or impossible. This article is part of the special issue 'The International Relevance of Dutch History'.
Culpa in eligendo. Het scheve perspectief van een nieuwe Bernhard-biografie (discussiedossier over Bernhard. Een verborgen geschiedenis)
Authors: Lantink F.W. 
Published: September 2015

Culpa in eligendo. The Skewed Perspective of a New Bernhard BiographyThe new biography Bernhard. Een verborgen geschiedenis [Bernhard: A Hidden History] by Annejet van der Zijl is seen, in the context of the sensational discourse on the monarchy in the Netherlands, through a typical narrowing of the biographical perspective. In explaining Prince Bernhard, in terms of his time and social class, simply as ‘the last feudal’, Van der Zijl has become trapped in the hermeneutic circle between Zeitgeist and individuality. Not only is this a rude denial of the modernity of the German Reich, but Bernhard’s background is not to blame for his failings. It is more interesting to ask how the Dutch political elite used Bernhard’s personal falsifications as an image-building tool for the monarchy. This review is part of the discussion forum 'Een verborgen geschiedenis' (Annejet van der Zijl).