bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSkel: A stencil programming framework for CPU‐GPU systems
Authors: Pereira Alyson D. , Ramos Luiz , Góes Luís F. W. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for high‐performance computing has gained growing momentum in recent years. Unfortunately, GPU‐programming platforms like Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) are complex, user unfriendly, and increase the complexity of developing high‐performance parallel applications. In addition, runtime systems that execute those applications often fail to fully utilize the parallelism of modern CPU‐GPU systems. Typically, parallel kernels run entirely on the most powerful device available, leaving other devices idle. These observations sparked research in two directions: (1) high‐level approaches to software development for GPUs, which strike a balance between performance and ease of programming; and (2) task partitioning to fully utilize the available devices. In this paper, we propose a framework, called PSkel, that provides a single high‐level abstraction for stencil programming on heterogeneous CPU‐GPU systems, while allowing the programmer to partition and assign data and computation to both CPU and GPU. Our current implementation uses parallel skeletons to transparently leverage Intel Threading Building Blocks (Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and NVIDIA CUDA (Nvidia Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA). In our experiments, we observed that parallel applications with task partitioning can improve average performance by up to 76% and 28% compared with CPU‐only and GPU‐only parallel applications, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A coupled discrete element and finite element model for multiscale simulation of geological carbon sequestration
Authors: Bao Jie , Xu Zhijie , Fang Yilin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present a numerical study using a discrete element method (DEM) coupled with a finite element method (FEM) at the boundary to simulate the fluid flow, geomechanical deformation, and dynamic fracturing together to enhance the sustainability analysis for geological sequestration of CO2. The fluid flow, geomechanical deformation, and fracturing due to the injection of fluid are all modeled by the bonded DEM (bonded‐DEM), where fluid flow is modeled by solving the Darcy flow directly on the Lagrangian particles. Because of the high computational expense, the bonded‐DEM is only used in the domain where fracturing is highly possible, namely the area near to the injection well and around the pre‐existing fault. For the area far away from the high risky domain, the deformation and pressure solutions are obtained by a standard finite element method (FEM). The stress, deformation, and pressure obtained from FEM are fed back into the bonded‐DEM simulations as boundary conditions that were applied to the DEM boundary particles. The proposed model has the potential to be used to evaluate the safety and sustainability of a sequestration site. By predicting the critical time when the fault is reactivated and the time when CO2 breaks through the caprock through the reactivated fault. The model also shows that the ground surface displacement can be used as an effective monitoring indicator for fracturing, fault reactivation, and CO2 breakthrough in aquifer and caprock, implying a very useful monitoring method for the safety of any sequestration site.
The neural basis of the abnormal self‐referential processing and its impact on cognitive control in depressed patients
Authors: Wagner Gerd , Schachtzabel Claudia , Peikert Gregor , Bär Karl‐Jürgen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPersistent pondering over negative self‐related thoughts is a central feature of depressive psychopathology. In this study, we sought to investigate the neural correlates of abnormal negative self‐referential processing (SRP) in patients with Major Depressive Disorder and its impact on subsequent cognitive control‐related neuronal activation. We hypothesized aberrant activation dynamics during the period of negative and neutral SRP in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and in the amygdala in patients with major depressive disorder. Additionally, we assumed abnormal activation in the fronto‐cingulate network during Stroop task execution. 19 depressed patients and 20 healthy controls participated in the study. Using an event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design, negative, positive and neutral self‐referential statements were displayed for 6.5 s and followed by incongruent or congruent Stroop conditions. The data were analyzed with SPM8. In contrast to controls, patients exhibited no significant valence‐dependent rACC activation differences during SRP. A novel finding was the significant activation of the amygdala and the reward‐processing network during presentation of neutral self‐referential stimuli relative to baseline and to affective stimuli in patients. The fMRI analysis of the Stroop task revealed a reduced BOLD activation in the right fronto‐parietal network of patients in the incongruent condition after negative SRP only. Thus, the inflexible activation in the rACC may correspond to the inability of depressed patients to shift their attention away from negative self‐related stimuli. The accompanying negative affect and task‐irrelevant emotional processing may compete for neuronal resources with cognitive control processes and lead thereby to deficient cognitive performance associated with decreased fronto‐parietal activation. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2781–2794, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tree traits and meteorological factors influencing the initiation and rate of stemflow from isolated deciduous trees
Authors: Carlyle‐Moses D. E. , Schooling J. T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTree canopy processes affect the volume and biogeochemistry of inputs to the hydrological cycle in cities. From June 2012 to November 2013, we studied stemflow production from 37 isolated deciduous park trees in a semi‐arid climate dominated by small precipitation events. To clarify the effects of canopy traits on stemflow metrics, we analysed branch angles, bark relief (one component of roughness), tree size, canopy and wood cover fraction, median leaf size, and branch and leader counts. High branch angles contributed to stemflow production in both single‐leader and multi‐leader trees. While bark relief was negatively correlated with stemflow rates in multi‐leader trees, it was positively correlated with rates for single‐leader trees, possibly reflecting the conducive role of linear furrows once bark of single‐leader trees is saturated. The association between numerous leaders, low stemflow initiation thresholds, and high rates deserves further study. Among meteorological variables, rain depth was strongly correlated with stemflow yields; rainfall inclination angle and wind speed were positively correlated with yields, while total intra‐storm break duration and vapour pressure deficit were inversely related. For rain depths <3 mm, greater stemflow was generally associated with leafless canopies. In support of integrated stormwater management, our results can inform climate‐sensitive selection and siting of urban trees with traits that tend to either promote or minimize stemflow, depending on infiltration potential. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TEMPERAMENT AND THE MOTHER–INFANT DYAD: ASSOCIATIONS WITH BREASTFEEDING AND FORMULA FEEDING WITH A BOTTLE
Authors: Kielbratowska Bogumila , Kazmierczak Maria , Michalek Justyna , Preis Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBreastfeeding supports the formation of an emotional bond between mothers and their children. The feeding method is associated with both the child's temperament and the mother's perception of herself and the child. Therefore, the present study focuses on the feeding method, mothers’ reaction during feeding, and infants’ temperament traits. Ninety‐eight mothers with children aged 3 to 5 months participated in the study. Children were assessed with the Children Development Scale (A. Matczak et al., 2007) to measure their temperament. Mothers completed the Mother and Baby Scale (D. Wolke & I. St James‐Roberts, 1987, as cited in T.B. Brazelton & K. Nugent, 1995), which measures mothers’ evaluation of their children's behaviors during feeding and their overall experiences with their children's care. The results show that breastfed newborns, as compared to bottle‐fed newborns, demonstrate higher vigor, which includes activity and the intensity of reaction. Bottle‐fed children demonstrate higher regularity than do breastfed children. Mothers who bottle‐feed their children perceive themselves to be less confident in the feeding domain than do mothers who breastfeed. Our results indicate that children's temperament might be an important factor in the decision regarding the feeding method. The study supports the idea of promoting knowledge of children's behaviors during feeding among mothers even before their children are born, such as during antenatal classes.
Forgiveness in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Quasi‐Experimental Study
Authors: Sandage Steven J. , Long Beverly , Moen Richelle , Jankowski Peter J. , Worthington Everett L. , Wade Nathaniel G. , Rye Mark S. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThis pilot study evaluated a manualized group forgiveness module within dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).MethodThe study utilized a quasi‐experimental double pretest design with adults (N = 40; 88.1% female, 11.9% male) diagnosed with borderline personality disorder in outpatient DBT. Measures of forgiveness, attachment, and psychiatric symptoms were completed at 4 time points.ResultsParticipants showed increases in all measures of forgiveness and decreases in attachment insecurity and psychiatric symptoms during the forgiveness module and maintained to the 6‐week follow‐up. These effects were not observed during the prior distress tolerance module. Latent change score modeling showed reductions in anxious attachment mediated the effect of changes in benevolent motivations to forgive and trait forgiveness scores on reductions in psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsEffect sizes were similar to meta‐analytic findings on (a) forgiveness interventions and (b) reductions in psychiatric symptoms in DBT. Participant feedback suggested elements for further development. A randomized controlled trial is needed.
Preserved muscle oxidative metabolic phenotype in newly diagnosed non‐small cell lung cancer cachexia
Authors: Op den Kamp Celine M. , Gosker Harry R. , Lagarde Suzanne , Tan Daniel Y. , Snepvangers Frank J. , Dingemans Anne‐Marie C. , Langen Ramon C.J. , Schols Annemie M.W.J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundCachexia augments cancer‐related mortality and has devastating effects on quality of life. Pre‐clinical studies indicate that systemic inflammation‐induced loss of muscle oxidative phenotype (OXPHEN) stimulates cancer‐induced muscle wasting. The aim of the current proof of concept study is to validate the presence of muscle OXPHEN loss in newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer, especially in those with cachexia.MethodsQuadriceps muscle biopsies of comprehensively phenotyped pre‐cachectic (n = 10) and cachectic (n = 16) patients with non‐small cell lung cancer prior to treatment were compared with healthy age‐matched controls (n = 22). OXPHEN was determined by assessing muscle fibre type distribution (immunohistochemistry), enzyme activity (spectrophotometry), and protein expression levels of mitochondrial complexes (western blot) as well as transcript levels of (regulatory) oxidative genes (quantitative real‐time PCR). Additionally, muscle fibre cross‐sectional area (immunohistochemistry) and systemic inflammation (multiplex analysis) were assessed.ResultsMuscle fibre cross‐sectional area was smaller, and plasma levels of interleukin 6 were significantly higher in cachectic patients compared with non‐cachectic patients and healthy controls. No differences in muscle fibre type distribution or oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activities were observed between the groups. Mitochondrial protein expression and gene expression levels of their regulators were also not different.ConclusionMuscle OXPHEN is preserved in newly diagnosed non‐small cell lung cancer and therefore not a primary trigger of cachexia in these patients.
Performance polybenzoxazine membrane and mixed matrix membrane for ethanol purification via pervaporation applications
Authors: Chuntanalerg Panupong , Kulprathipanja Santi , Chaisuwan Thanyalak , Aungkavattana P , Hemra K , Wongkasemjit Sujitra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPolybenzoxazine (PBZ) membranes have received increasing attention for serving as a high performance membrane for pervaporation processes owing to their good mechanical properties, high chemical resistance, high thermal stability, and low synthesis cost. This study aims to develop PBZ membrane and NaA‐PBZ mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for purification of ethanol/water mixtures using a pervaporation process and to investigate the effects of preparation parameters on the membrane performance, including precursor concentrations, number of dippings, amount of NaA zeolite loading, temperature, and ethanol concentration.RESULTSIt was found that PBZ membrane and NaA‐PBZ MMM exhibited excellent stability in all feed ethanol concentrations tested, with a low degree of swelling. The highest separation factor of the pure PBZ membrane was more than 10 000 while the NaA‐PBZ MMM was even higher, up to and, in some cases, higher than 100 000 with the highest permeation flux of 1071 g m−2 h−1 when using 25 wt% PBZ precursor with 15 wt% NaA zeolite loading. The permeation flux of MMM increased with increase in temperature or a decrease in the feed ethanol concentration. Swelling increased when the ethanol concentration was increased, revealing the hydrophobic behavior of NaA‐PBZ MMM.CONCLUSIONThe membranes are capable of purifying ethanol over a wide feed ethanol concentration range with excellent performance and properties that promise great potential for use in bioethanol purifying applications. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Association between exposure to nonactionable physiologic monitor alarms and response time in a children's hospital
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Lin Richard , Zander Miriam , Graham Christian Sarkis , Paine Christine W. , Rock Whitney , Rich Andrew , Roberts Kathryn E. , Fortino Margaret , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Localio A. Russell , Keren Ron 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDAlarm fatigue is reported to be a major threat to patient safety, yet little empirical data support its existence in the hospital.OBJECTIVETo determine if nurses exposed to high rates of nonactionable physiologic monitor alarms respond more slowly to subsequent alarms that could represent life‐threatening conditions.DESIGNObservational study using video.SETTINGFreestanding children's hospital.PATIENTSPediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients requiring inotropic support and/or mechanical ventilation, and medical ward patients.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSActionable alarms were defined as correctly identifying physiologic status and warranting clinical intervention or consultation. We measured response time to alarms occurring while there were no clinicians in the patient's room. We evaluated the association between the number of nonactionable alarms the patient had in the preceding 120 minutes (categorized as 0–29, 30–79, or 80+ alarms) and response time to subsequent alarms in the same patient using a log‐rank test that accounts for within‐nurse clustering.RESULTSWe observed 36 nurses for 210 hours with 5070 alarms; 87.1% of PICU and 99.0% of ward clinical alarms were nonactionable. Kaplan‐Meier plots showed incremental increases in response time as the number of nonactionable alarms in the preceding 120 minutes increased (log‐rank test stratified by nurse P < 0.001 in PICU, P = 0.009 in the ward).CONCLUSIONSMost alarms were nonactionable, and response time increased as nonactionable alarm exposure increased. Alarm fatigue could explain these findings. Future studies should evaluate the simultaneous influence of workload and other factors that can impact response time. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:345–351. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Fusarinine C, a novel siderophore‐based bifunctional chelator for radiolabeling with Gallium‐68
Authors: Zhai Chuangyan , Summer Dominik , Rangger Christine , Haas Hubertus , Haubner Roland , Decristoforo Clemens 
Published: April 2015

Fusarinine C (FSC), a siderophore‐based chelator coupled with the model peptide c(RGDfK) (FSC(succ‐RGD)3), revealed excellent targeting properties in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we report the details of radiolabeling conditions and specific activity as well as selectivity for 68Ga.68Ga labeling of FSC(succ‐RGD)3 was optimized regarding peptide concentration, pH, temperature, reaction time, and buffer system. Specific activity (SA) of [68Ga]FSC(succ‐RGD)3 was compared with 68Ga‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane, 1‐glutaric acid‐4,7 acetic acid RGD ([68Ga]NODAGA‐RGD). Stability was evaluated in 1000‐fold ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution (pH 7) and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). Metal competition tests (Fe, Cu, Zn, Al, and Ni) were carried out using [68Ga]‐triacetylfusarinine C.High radiochemical yield was achieved within 5 min at room temperature, in particular allowing labeling with 68Ga up to pH 8 with excellent stability in 1000‐fold EDTA solution and PBS. The 10‐fold to 20‐fold lower concentrations of FSC(succ‐RGD)3 led to the same radiochemical yield compared with [68Ga]NODAGA‐RGD with SA up to 1.8 TBq/µmol. Metal competition tests showed high selective binding of 68Ga to FSC.FSC is a multivalent siderophore‐based bifunctional chelator allowing fast and highly selective labeling with 68Ga in a wide pH range and results in stable complexes with high SA. Thus it is exceptionally well suited for the development of new 68Ga‐tracers for in vivo molecular imaging with PET.
Gamma‐irradiated β‐glucan induces immunomodulation and anticancer activity through MAPK and NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Byun Eui‐Baek , Park Sang‐Hyun , Jang Beom‐Su , Sung Nak‐Yun , Byun Eui‐Hong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of low‐molecular‐weight β‐glucan (LMBG) produced by gamma irradiation (50 kGy), using in vivo and in vitro models.RESULTSThe results indicate that treatment with LMBG increased the proliferation of murine peritoneal macrophages, and their production of tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxide, to a greater extent than treatment with high‐molecular‐weight β‐glucan (HMBG). The activation of peritoneal macrophages by LMBG was mediated by both mitogen‐activated protein kinases and nuclear factor‐κB signaling. Interestingly, when administered prophylactically, LMBG significantly inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in mice injected with B16BL6 melanoma cells compared with the HMBG‐treated group. In comparison with HMBG treatment, LMBG treatment also elevated cell proliferation, cytokine (interferon‐γ and interleukin‐2) production, and CD8+ T cell populations in splenocytes from tumor‐bearing mice.CONCLUSIONThese data indicate that LMBG is important in eliciting antitumor activity through a non‐specific immune response and may play a major role as a value‐added product in the medical industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Bony cochlear nerve canal stenosis and speech discrimination in pediatric unilateral hearing loss
Authors: Purcell Patricia L. , Iwata Ayaka J. , Phillips Grace S. , Paladin Angelisa M. , Sie Kathleen C. Y. , Horn David L. 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine the relationship between bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC) width, degree of hearing loss, and speech discrimination in children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (USNHL).Study DesignRetrospective chart review (case‐control study).MethodsAudiometric database was cross‐referenced with radiologic database at pediatric tertiary care facility to identify children with USNHL and temporal bone computed tomography. BCNC widths were measured independently by two radiologists blinded to affected ear. Regression analyses investigated associations among variables.ResultsOne hundred and sixty children with USNHL had temporal bone imaging. Mean BCNC width was significantly smaller in affected ears, P = 0.0001. Narrower width was associated with more severe hearing loss, P = 0.01. Among children who had narrower cochlear nerve canals in affected ears compared to unaffected ears, smaller width was associated with lower speech discrimination score, P = 0.03. Increasing asymmetry in BCNC width between affected and unaffected ears was associated with poorer discrimination scores, P = 0.02. Among ears with asymmetrically smaller cochlear nerve canals, a 1‐mm reduction in cochlear canal width between the normal and affected ear was associated with 30.4% lower word recognition score percentage in the affected ear, P = <0.001.ConclusionThere is a significant association between BCNC stenosis and impaired speech discrimination, independent of degree of hearing loss. Further investigation is needed to determine whether BCNC stenosis is a poor prognostic factor for auditory rehabilitation.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 125:1691–1696, 2015
Microdebrider‐assisted intracapsular Tonsillectomy in adults with chronic or recurrent tonsillitis
Authors: Bender Birte , Blassnigg Elisabeth Constanze , Bechthold Jana , Kral Florian , Riccabona Ursula , Steinbichler Teresa , Riechelmann Herbert 
Published: April 2015

Objectives/HypothesisWe compared the effectiveness and morbidity of microdebrider‐assisted total intracapsular tonsillectomy (ICTE) with conventional extracapsular tonsillectomy (ECTE) in adults with chronic or recurrent tonsillitis.Study DesignProspective randomized surgical trial.MethodsAdult patients with recurrent or chronic tonsillitis who underwent tonsillectomy between July 2010 and July 2012 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, were consecutively included. Patients were randomized to receive either ICTE or ECTE. Patients and examiners were blinded to the surgical procedure. Effectiveness was assessed with the Tonsil and Adenoid Health Status Instrument (TAHSI). Various parameters of perioperative morbidity and the occurrence of tonsillar remnants were recorded.ResultsIn the 104 randomized patients, the average TAHSI score was 34.6 ± 11.7 before and 2.2 ± 5.7 after 6 months following tonsillectomy (P < 0.001). TAHSI scores improved equally in patients receiving conventional ECTE (33.6 points; 95% confidence interval (CI), 29.5 to 37.6) and in patients with ICTE (31.8 points; 95% CI, 27.7 to 35.9; between groups P = 0.6). Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage was more frequent following conventional ECTE (P = 0.03). Following ECTE, patients required more pain medication then following ICTE (P < 0.05). Tonsillar remnants were significantly more frequent after ICTE (P < 0,001). However, presence of tonsillar remnants had no influence on postoperative THASI scores (P > 0.5).ConclusionTonsillectomy reduced symptoms of chronic or recurrent tonsillitis in adults with remarkable effectiveness. Microdebrider‐assisted ICTE reduced symptoms as effectively as conventional ECTE. ICTE was associated with lower morbidity, but residual tonsils occurred in almost half of patients, costs were higher, and the intracapsular approach was more intricate and time‐consuming.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 125:2284–2290, 2015