bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-person action experience reveals sensitivity to action efficiency in prereaching infants
Authors: Skerry Amy E. , Carey Susan E. , Spelke Elizabeth S. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
When we see a person act (e.g., reach for a cup), we observe physical movements but infer underlying goals. Many have proposed that this ability depends on having produced motor actions oneself. We investigated the relationship between action understanding and production by giving young infants novel experience producing actions. Consistent with prior research, infants exhibited understanding of others’ actions only when they had produced similar actions themselves. However, infants exhibited expectations about action efficiency that went beyond what could be learned from the training, suggesting that some knowledge of goal-directed action precedes this first-person motoric experience.
Global meta-analysis reveals no net change in local-scale plant biodiversity over time
Authors: Vellend Mark , Baeten Lander , Myers-Smith Isla H. , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Beauséjour Robin , Brown Carissa D. , De Frenne Pieter , Verheyen Kris , Wipf Sonja 
Published: October 2013

Significance
A major advance of the last 20 y at the interface of biological, environmental, and conservation sciences has been the demonstration that plant biodiversity positively influences ecosystem function. Linking these results to applied conservation efforts hinges on the assumption that biodiversity is actually declining at the local scale at which diversity–function relationships are strongest. Our compilation and analysis of a global database of >16,000 repeat survey vegetation plots from habitats across the globe directly contradict this assumption. We find no general tendency for local-scale plant species diversity to decline over the last century, calling into question the widespread use of ecosystem function experiments to argue for the importance of biodiversity conservation in nature.
4 Mobility, Territorial Commitments, and Political Organization among Late Bronze Age Polities in Southern Caucasia
Authors: Greene Alan , Lindsay Ian 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this case study of territoriality in Armenia's Late Bronze Age Tsaghkahovit Plain we examine land claims and political relations among fortified communities with highly varied subsistence and economic practices, including mobile pastoralism. Integral to political relations between fortress‐based institutions and mobile subjects was the need to create highly legible places for political subjection, authorization, and action. However, the same social, political, economic, and religious institutions that help elucidate the spatial dimensions of politics in the LBA—shrines, workshops, storage spaces, cemeteries—also demonstrate that political claims and commitments to land did not likely resemble the neat borders of absolutist cartographies essential to modern nation‐states. We detail potential models of territorial organization that incorporate the strategies of rule and socioeconomic dynamics derived from a decade of archaeological survey and excavation on the plain by Project ArAGATS. [mobility, complex polities, land, landscape, political economy]
Bromeliad‐associated Reductions in Host Herbivory: Do Epiphytic Bromeliads Act as Commensalists or Mutualists?
Authors: Hammill Edd , Corvalan Paloma , Srivastava Diane S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMany members of the family Bromeliacae are able to adopt epiphytic lifestyles and colonize trees throughout the Neotropics. Bromeliacae do not extract nutrients from their hosts and confer relatively minor costs on their host plants. We suggest that bromeliads, however, may benefit their hosts by providing habitat for predators of host plant herbivores. We report a correlation between bromeliad presence and a reduction in herbivore damage in orange trees, an effect that is increased when bromeliads are colonized by ants. Our results may have important implications for agricultural systems in the Neotropics, where bromeliads are often removed in the belief they are parasitic. We instead demonstrate that bromeliads may impart a benefit to their hosts, and speculate that under particular circumstances they may be part of a three‐species mutualism.
Banting Memorial Lecture 2013 A life in balance: wandering the pathways of control
Authors: Amiel S. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract‘To keep in equilibrium’, one of the Oxford English Dictionary's many definitions of balance, is a desirable target for any life, but has special meaning for the life of a person with diabetes. Achieving balance—between hypo‐ and hyper‐glycaemia; between energy intake and energy consumption; between insulin action and insulin secretion; between attention to diabetes and attention to everything else—remains challenging, but progress has been made over the last three decades, both in our understanding of how nature achieves balance and in the tools we have to try to reproduce the actions of nature in disease states. In particular, the role of the brain in controlling diabetes, from glucose sensing to decision making, has been investigated. Physiological and neuro‐imaging studies are finally being translated into patient benefit, with the aim of improving, as Dr Banting put it, the provision of ‘energy for the economic burdens of life’.
Distinguishing the histological and radiological features of cystic lung disease in Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome from those of tobacco‐related spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Fabre Aurelie , Borie Raphael , Debray Marie Pierre , Crestani Bruno , Danel Claire 
Published: October 2013

AimsBirt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited genodermatosis that predisposes to cystic lung disease, leading to spontaneous pneumothoraces. This retrospective analysis of five BHD cases (two men, three women) compared lung histology and computed tomography (CT) imaging to a matched cohort of non‐BHD patients with spontaneous pneumothoraces (SPN).Methods and resultsLung was sampled during pleurodesis to resect bullae. Recurrent pneumothoraces was seen in two patients. Fourteen sets of histological slides (seven in each group) and 10 CT scans (five in each group) were reviewed. CT scans in BHD showed multiple cysts with a basal predominance and intraparenchymal/peribronchial distribution. On histological examination, BHD lungs showed punch‐out cysts with no inflammation, and lacked subpleural fibroelastotic scars and smoking changes. In contrast, all SPN cases showed respiratory bronchiolitis and subpleural fibroelastotic scars.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes the importance of smoking history and topography of the lesions in assessing cystic lung disease. Pathologists need to remain alert to the possibility of BHD in the setting of recurrent pneumothoraces in a non‐smoker, in particular in a woman, at any age, and should take part in a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of cystic lung disease to obtain clinical and CT scan details.
Salt: How much Less should we Eat for Health?: Understanding the Recent IOM Report
Authors: Cook Nancy R. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We should all eat less salt – but how much less? 1500 milligrams a day has been recommended as a target – but the US Institute of Medicine caused a media storm this spring with a report that did not support this. Nancy R. Cook, a co-author of the report, explains the evidence, and the reasoning.
Real-Time Analysis of Engine Power, Thermal Efficiency, and Emission
Characteristics Using Refined and Transesterified Waste Vegetable
Oil
Authors: Cubio Greg M. , Capareda Sergio C. , Alagao Feliciano B. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The study aims to investigate the real-time engine performance in terms of brake power, thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. Waste vegetable oil samples were collected from several sources, mixed, and refined before transesterification. Test fuels include ultralow sulfur diesel and seven waste cooking oil biodiesel blends. Real-time data acquisition of engine performance was implemented using labview program while following the society of automotive engineers (SAE) power test code. Results showed that acid number was reduced by 99% after refining. NOx has reduced by 33% while thermal efficiency increased by 7.5% when using waste vegetable oil biodiesel.
Evaluation of the Anti-Schistosoma mansoni Activity of Thiosemicarbazones and Thiazoles
Authors: Santiago Edna de Farias , de Oliveira Sheilla Andrade , de Oliveira Filho Gevânio Bezerra , Moreira Diogo Rodrigo Magalhaes , Gomes Paulo André Teixeira , da Silva Anekécia Lauro , de Barros Andréia Ferreira , da Silva Aline Caroline , dos Santos Thiago André Ramos , Pereira Valéria Rêgo Alves , Gonçalves Gabriel Gazzoni Araújo , Brayner Fábio André , Alves Luiz Carlos , Wanderley Almir Gonçalves , Leite Ana Cristina Lima 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTSchistosomiasis is a chronic and debilitating disease caused by a trematode of the genusSchistosomaand affects over 207 million people. Chemotherapy is the only immediate recourse for minimizing the prevalence of this disease and involves predominately the administration of a single drug, praziquantel (PZQ). Although PZQ has proven efficacy, there is a recognized need to develop new drugs as schistosomicides since studies have shown that repeated use of this drug in areas of endemicity may cause a temporary reduction in susceptibility in isolates ofSchistosoma mansoni. Hydrazones, thiosemicarbazones, phthalimides, and thiazoles are thus regarded as privileged structures used for a broad spectrum of activities and are potential candidates for sources of new drug prototypes. The present study determined thein vitroschistosomicidal activity of 10 molecules containing these structures. During the assays, parameters such motility and mortality, oviposition, morphological changes in the tegument, cytotoxicity, and immunomodulatory activity caused by these compounds were evaluated. The results showed that compounds formed of thiazole and phthalimide led to higher mortality of worms, with a significant decline in motility, inhibition of pairing and oviposition, and a mortality rate of 100% starting from 144 h of exposure. These compounds also stimulated the production of nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), thereby demonstrating the presence of immunomodulatory activity. The phthalyl thiazole LpQM-45 caused significant ultrastructural alterations, with destruction of the tegument in both male and female worms. According to the present study, phthalyl thiazole compounds possess antischistosomal activities and should form the basis for future experimental and clinical trials.
Impact of vancomycin resistance on mortality in neutropenic patients with enterococcal bloodstream infection: a retrospective study
Authors: Cho Sung-Yeon , Lee Dong-Gun , Choi Su-Mi , Kwon Jae-Cheol , Kim Si-Hyun , Choi Jae-Ki , Park Sun Hee , Park Yeon-Joon , Choi Jung-Hyun , Yoo Jin-Hong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) bloodstream infection (BSI) is generally associated with the delayed administration of adequate antibiotics. The identification of risk factors and outcomes of VRE BSI is necessary for establishing strategies for managing neutropenic fever in patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed consecutive cases of enterococcal BSI in patients with neutropenia after chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation between July 2009 and December 2011 at a single center.

Results
During the 30-month period, among 1,587 neutropenic patients, the incidence rate of enterococcal BSI was 1.76 cases per 1,000 person-days. Of the 91 enterococcal BSIs, there were 24 cases of VRE. VRE BSI was associated with E. faecium infection (P < .001), prolonged hospitalization (P = .025) and delayed administration (≥48 hours after the febrile episode) of adequate antibiotics (P = .002). The attributable mortality was 17% and 9% for VRE and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus (VSE), respectively (P = .447). The 30-day crude mortality was 27% and 23% for VRE and VSE, respectively (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.53–3.59; P = .059). Only SAPS-II was an independent predictive factor for death (adjusted OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.08–1.17; P < .001).

Conclusions
In conclusion, vancomycin resistance showed some trend towards increasing 30-day mortality, but is not statistically significant despite the delayed use of adequate antibiotics (≥48 hours). Only underlying severity of medical condition predicts poor outcome in a relatively homogeneous group of neutropenic patients.
Activation of amygdala opioid receptors by electroacupuncture of Feng-Chi (GB20) acupoints exacerbates focal epilepsy
Authors: Yi Pei-Lu , Lu Chin-Yu , Cheng Chiung-Hsiang , Tsai Yi-Fong , Lin Chung-Tien , Chang Fang-Chia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The effect of seizure suppression by acupuncture of Feng-Chi (GB20) acupoints has been documented in the ancient Chinese literature, Lingshu Jing (Classic of the Miraculous Pivot), however, there is a lack of scientific evidence to prove it. This current study was designed to elucidate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation of bilateral Feng-Chi (GB20) acupoints on the epileptic activity by employing an animal model of focal epilepsy.

Methods
Administration of pilocarpine into the left central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) induced the focal epilepsy in rats. Rats received a 30-min 100 Hz EA stimulation of bilateral Feng-Chi acupoints per day, beginning at 30 minutes before the dark period and performing in three consecutive days. The broad-spectrum opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone), μ-receptor antagonist (naloxonazine), δ-receptor antagonist (naltrindole) and κ-receptor antagonist (nor-binaltorphimine) were administered directly into the CeA to elucidate the involvement of CeA opioid receptors in the EA effect.

Results
High-frequency (100 Hz) EA stimulation of bilateral Feng-Chi acupoints did not suppress the pilocarpine-induced epileptiform electroencephalograms (EEGs), whereas it further increased the duration of epileptiform EEGs. We also observed that epilepsy occurred while 100 Hz EA stimulation of Feng-Chi acupoints was delivered into naïve rats. EA-induced augmentation of epileptic activity was blocked by microinjection of naloxone, μ- (naloxonazine), κ- (nor-binaltorphimine) or δ-receptor antagonists (natrindole) into the CeA, suggesting that activation of opioid receptors in the CeA mediates EA-exacerbated epilepsy.

Conclusions
The present study suggests that high-frequency (100 Hz) EA stimulation of bilateral Feng-Chi acupoints has no effect to protect against pilocarpine-induced focal epilepsy; in contrast, EA further exacerbated focal epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. Opioid receptors in the CeA mediated EA-induced exacerbation of focal epilepsy.
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with extra-mammillary Paget’s disease: a case report
Authors: Huang Xinyan , Zhang Limei , Zhang Songzhao 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis (MRH) is a very rare systemic disease with variable phenotypic presentation and a high rate of misdiagnosis. Here we describe a patient with MRH and extra-mammillary Paget’s disease (EMPD), a diagnosis that has not previously been described in the literature.
Cost Effectiveness of Primary Pegfilgrastim Prophylaxis in Patients With Breast Cancer at Risk of Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Aarts Maureen J. , Grutters Janneke P. , Peters Frank P. , Mandigers Caroline M. , Dercksen M. Wouter , Stouthard Jacqueline M. , Nortier Hans J. , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. , van Warmerdam Laurence J. , van de Wouw Agnes J. , Jacobs Esther M. , Mattijssen Vera , van der Rijt Carin C. , Smilde Tineke J. , van der Velden Annette W. , Temizkan Mehmet , Batman Erdogan , Muller Erik W. , van Gastel Saskia M. , Joore Manuela A. , Borm George F. , Tjan-Heijnen Vivianne C. 
Published: October 2013

Purpose Guidelines advise primary granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) prophylaxis during chemotherapy if risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) is more than 20%, but this comes with considerable costs. We investigated the incremental costs and effects between two treatment strategies of primary pegfilgrastim prophylaxis. Methods Our economic evaluation used a health care perspective and was based on a randomized study in patients with breast cancer with increased risk of FN, comparing primary G-CSF prophylaxis throughout all chemotherapy cycles (G-CSF 1-6 cycles) with prophylaxis during the first two cycles only (G-CSF 1-2 cycles). Primary outcome was cost effectiveness expressed as costs per patient with episodes of FN prevented. Results The incidence of FN increased from 10% in the G-CSF 1 to 6 cycles study arm (eight of 84 patients) to 36% in the G-CSF 1 to 2 cycles study arm (30 of 83 patients), whereas the mean total costs decreased from € 20,658 (95% CI, € 20,049 to € 21,247) to € 17,168 (95% CI € 16,239 to € 18,029) per patient, respectively. Chemotherapy and G-CSF determined 80% of the total costs. As expected, FN-related costs were higher in the G-CSF 1 to 2 cycles arm. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio for the G-CSF 1 to 6 cycles arm compared with the G-CSF 1 to 2 cycles arm was € 13,112 per patient with episodes of FN prevented. Conclusion We conclude that G-CSF prophylaxis throughout all chemotherapy cycles is more effective, but more costly, compared with prophylaxis limited to the first two cycles. Whether G-CSF prophylaxis throughout all chemotherapy cycles is considered cost effective depends on the willingness to pay per patient with episodes of FN prevented.
Reoccupation of historical areas by the endangered giant river otter Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora: Mustelidae) in Central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: dos Santos Lima Danielle , Marmontel Miriam , Bernard Enrico 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAfter decades of banning commercial hunting, the population of the endangered giant river otter in South America is no larger than 5000 animals, with slightly increasing populations, and apparent reoccupation of parts of its historical distribution. In Brazil, which may hold the largest populations, the refinement of distributional data and the conduction of censuses in Amazonia were identified as essential for the conservation of the species. To confirm if the species was, in fact, reoccupying its historical area, we present here data collected between October 2004 and September 2008 in Amanã Reserve, Central Amazonia. A total of 18,181 km along 13 water bodies were surveyed in 465 days of fieldwork, resulting in 711 records. Animals presented a uniform occupation pattern, with expansion to new areas, no vacancy of previously used ones, and with frequent reuse of sites along the years. However, considering the number of records/km and sightings/km were almost constant between years, the local population may be experiencing just a slight increase, with animals probably expanding their home ranges. Although our study witnessed some population growth, giant river otters remained at low numbers during the survey, indicating that such population still have not reached its carrying capacity and require continuous attention.
The Disclosure of Non-GAAP Earnings Following Regulation G: An Analysis of Transitory Gains
Authors: Baumker Michael , Biggs Philip , McVay Sarah E. , Pierce Jeremy 
Published: October 2013

SYNOPSIS
We investigate how managers report one-time gains resulting from legal settlements and insurance recoveries in press releases following Regulation G. Regulation G may have had the unintended consequence of allowing managers to omit mention of these transitory gains, resulting in higher reported performance absent non-GAAP disclosure. We find that while managers generally provide some information about transitory gains in the earnings announcement, there is a large amount of variation in the granularity of the detail. For example, the vast majority of managers (88.5 percent) mention the gain in the earnings announcement, but few (34 percent) report non-GAAP earnings per share summary figures explicitly excluding transitory gains. This percentage is significantly lower than pre-Regulation G, where approximately 62 percent of firms reported non-GAAP earnings per share excluding the transitory gain. Interestingly, we find that gains are less likely to be carved out of earnings when there are no concurrent transitory losses, providing some evidence that there continues to be an opportunistic component of non-GAAP reporting following Regulation G.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.
The Effect of Supply Chain Knowledge Spillovers on Audit Pricing
Authors: Chen Jengfang , Chang Hsihui , Chen Hsin-Chi , Kim Sungsoo 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
We present evidence on the effect of audit firms' supply chain knowledge spillover on audit pricing. Analyzing data from Audit Analytics and Compustat for the seven-year period from 2003 to 2009, we find that audit firms' supply chain knowledge has a negative effect on audit fees. Specifically, an audit firm with more supply chain knowledge charges lower audit fees to its clients when the firm also audits its clients' major buyers. In addition, we find that the fee discount is greater when the audit firm possesses major buyer-related supply chain knowledge at the office level compared to the national level. Our findings are consistent, albeit weaker, to an expanded sample of companies that voluntarily disclose their major buyers.
Data Availability: The data are publicly available.
The relationship of vertical skeletofacial morphology to oropharyngeal airway shape using cone beam computed tomography: Possible implications for airway restriction
Authors: Haskell Jennifer A. , Haskell Bruce S. , Spoon Michael E. , Feng Changyong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine if the shape of the oropharyngeal airway is related to the vertical morphology of the skeletofacial complex, including the hyoid bone.

Materials and Methods:
Cone beam computed tomography scans from 50 pretreatment adult orthodontic records were used to obtain skeletal and airway measurements. Linear regression statistics were used to compare soft tissue variables to hard tissue predictor variables.

Results:
Transverse airway widening was significantly increased when the distance between the hyoid and vertebrae was reduced; when the three-dimensional (3D) facial axis angle decreased (became more vertical); when the 3D mandibular plane angle increased; when the width of the hyoid increased, or when the calculated length of the geniohyoid decreased.

Conclusions:
A laterally elliptical airway—found when the face is more vertical and when the hyoid is closer to the cervical vertebrae—is hypothetically more resistant to collapse. Patients with a retrognathic, skeletal deep bite and a rounded oropharynx should be identified and corrected early to prevent potential airway problems.
Mass and heat balance of snowpatches in Basen nunatak, Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, in summer
Authors: Leppäranta Matti , Järvinen Onni , Lindgren Elisa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAn experimental study concerning the mass and heat balance of snowpatches was performed during the Finnish Antarctic Research Programme (FINNARP) 2004 and 2010 summer expeditions to Basen nunatak (73°03′ S, 13°25′ W). Data were collected from a snow stake line, snow pits and automated weather and snow recording systems. One 100 m perennial snowpatch and several smaller seasonal patches (<10 m) were monitored. Snow thickness decreased by 4.0–6.3 mm d−1 due to sublimation, compression and, close to lateral boundaries, meltwater runoff. The vertical mass loss was 1–2 mm snow water equivalent (SWE) d−1 and the lateral decay was −10 cm d−1. The net radiation was 20.2 W m−2 and the mean latent heat flux was −15.5 W m−2 .The mean surface energy flux was 4.9 W m −2 and the heat loss to the ground was 1.5 W m−2. Thin snow decayed faster due to surface thermomechanical erosion and melt from the bottom where the soil was heated by the solar radiation. Between the summers of 2004 and 2010, the thickness of the perennial snowpatch decreased by 230 mm.