bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Clinical Correlates and Symptomatology with Level of Functioning in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Chaturvedi Hemashri , Shah Bharat , Jadhav Bindoo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The burden of schizophrenia is largely due to deficits it causes in functioning. However, the variables influencing and predicting real-life functioning have not been systematically investigated in such patients.

Aims:
The aims of this study were to study the sociodemographic data, illness-related variables, and level of functioning in patients with schizophrenia and to assess the relationship between clinical correlates, symptomatology, and level of functioning.

Materials and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the psychiatry outpatient department of a teaching hospital. Sociodemographic and illness-related data were collected using a semi-structured pro forma. Schizophrenia was diagnosed as per the International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria, and severity of symptoms was rated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Functional outcomes were rated using the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) and Specific Level of Functioning (SLOF) scale. The data were compiled, tabulated, and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 170 patients suffering from schizophrenia with a mean age of 38.22 years were recruited for the study. On the SOFAS, 56.5% of patients scored more than 60, indicating good functionality. It was found that age at onset had a positive correlation, whereas duration of illness, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), positive family history of psychosis, and PANSS scores had a negative correlation with SOFAS and SLOF subdomain scores.

Conclusion:
In patients with schizophrenia, male gender, unemployment, positive family history of psychosis, lower age at onset, longer duration of illness, longer DUP, and greater symptom severity (positive and negative) are associated with poor functioning.
Drug Prescription Pattern for Leptospirosis and Association with Outcome: Observations from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: George Thomas , Dadibhanvi Akkamma Holabasappa , Pais Michael L. J. , Palatty Princy Louis , Jakribettu Ramakrishna Pai , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Leptospirosis, an infection of the tropics, caused by helical spirochetes, Genus Leptospira. For the first time, this study examines the pattern of antibiotic prescription for leptospirosis and its association with outcome.

Materials and Methods:
This was a hospital-based retrospective study. A total of 227 adults diagnosed and treated for leptospirosis during the study period of January 2013 to December 2018 were included in the study. Information on gender, age, admission details, outcome, inpatient days, and antibiotics used was collected from the patients’ records and analyzed.

Results:
Around 75% of the leptospirosis patients were male and majority (70.4%) of the patients were from the age group of 31–60 years. Most of the patients (43.6%) were admitted for 6–10 days; 27.3% of the patients were admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the mortality rate was 7.49%. Ceftriaxone was the most (53.3%) prescribed intravenous antimicrobial, followed by piperacillin–tazobactum (32.6%), and among oral antimicrobials, doxycycline was prescribed in 37.4% of the patients. Penicillin was administered to 44 patients with mild disease and all survived. Among the Ceftriaxone and piperacillin–tazobactum prescribed, 26.5% (32/121) and 35% (26/74) were admitted in ICU, respectively. Among the patients with severe disease, who succumbed to leptospirosis, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin–tazobactam were prescribed in 8.28% and 4.05%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The pattern of antibiotics prescribed in the study center was in accordance with the standard guidelines. The prescriptions were predominantly penicillin and doxycycline in early conditions while ceftriaxone and piperacillin–tazobactum were administered in advance/severe conditions. Patients with mild disease recovered with penicillin, while in advanced disease, even administration of third cephalosporins and doxycycline had a poor prognosis leading to death of the patients, indicating the need for early diagnosis and treatment to be important to prevent mortality.
Application of Ayurvedic Bhasma for the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Chatterjee Somsuvra , Ghosh Chandrachur , Roy Partha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The application of Ayurvedic Bhasma in cancer treatment has garnered increasing interest due to its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach. Bhasma, a herbo-mineral formulation that consists of bioactive nanoparticles used in traditional Indian medicine, has shown promising preclinical evidence for its anticancer properties. Ayurveda, an ancient medicine system practiced in the Indian subcontinent, has successfully used various formulations to prevent or treat arbuda, which can be correlated with cancer. These formulations include Swarna Bhasma, Heerak Bhasma, Abhrak Bhasma, Manikya Bhasma, Yashada Bhasma, and many more. Using Ayurvedic medicines, the side effects of chemotherapy can be minimized, thereby increasing the life span of patients. With the advent of nanotechnology, traditional drug design and delivery are being looked upon in a completely new perspective. The anticancer activity of certain Bhasma is attributed to the presence of metallic nanoparticle content, enhancing its bioavailability and targeted action on cancer cells. In preclinical studies, some Bhasmas have demonstrated potential in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing tumor growth. However, at the same time, limitations in the use of Bhasma for cancer treatment, such as the lack of standardized synthesis processes and documented scientific validation, have also been acknowledged. The multifaceted analysis presented underscores the need for rigorous research, including clinical trials, to validate the safety, efficacy, and specific applications of Bhasma in different cancer types and stages. Although the health-beneficial effects of these Bhasmas have been known for a long time, their mechanism of action is not clearly understood yet at least for some Bhasmas that have shown potential in clinical trials. Therefore, further detailed studies are needed to understand the therapeutic mode of action for different Bhasma. However, despite these limitations, the integration of Ayurvedic Bhasma into cancer treatment regimens emerges as a compelling prospect, potentially yielding synergistic effects.
Duodenum in the right hemithorax: An unusual case of a large paraesophageal hernia
Authors: Virdiana Mahisha , Kedage Vijayendra , Ubarale Manasa , Shenoy K. Rajgopal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Paraesophageal hernia is an uncommon condition where the gastric fundus herniates through the diaphragm without the accompanied migration of the gastroesophageal junction. A woman in her late 60s presented with symptoms of vomiting and decreased appetite for 1 year, accompanied by abdominal fullness in the epigastrium, nausea, and retrosternal burning sensation. Her symptoms worsened over the past month, leading to intolerance to a liquid diet. Upon examination, a vague, tender mass was palpated over the epigastrium, and decreased breath sounds were noted over the right hemithorax. Computed tomography suggested the presence of paraesophageal hernia. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively, a 4 cm paraesophageal diaphragmatic defect was found through which the antrum and the first part of the duodenum had herniated. The hernial contents were reduced, and anatomical closure was performed. Paraesophageal hernias necessitate careful history and examination, along with an individualized treatment approach, to achieve optimal patient outcomes.
Exploring the Experiences of Health-Promoting Behavior in the Workplace among Thai Pregnant Women: A Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Nuampa Sasitara , Tangsuksan Pornnapa , Patil Crystal L. 
Published: August 2024

Background:Inappropriate working conditions during pregnancy can negatively affect health-promoting behaviors and pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to explore the experiences of health-promoting behavior in the workplace among Thai pregnant women.Materials and Methods:Giorgi's phenomenological methodology was used, and data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 21 working-pregnant women in large industries in two regions of Thailand. Data were collected from December 2019 to June 2020. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to recruit pregnant women at 13–42 weeks of gestation. To analyze the data, three steps of Giorgi's phenomenological approach were employed.Results:The pregnant women described their lived experiences with health-promoting behaviors in the workplace into four major categories. Firstly, “positive attitude toward work in promoting health behaviors” contained three subcategories (“self-discipline,” “social interaction,” and “self-esteem”). Secondly, the idea that “changing temporary health behaviors is worthwhile for infants” was expressed into two subcategories (“eating adaptation” and “managing negative emotions”). Thirdly, “insufficient support from workplace policy” had three subcategories (“inconvenient accommodations,” “inflexible break times,” and “lack of healthcare support”). Finally, “negative perception of new work positions” consisted of two subcategories (“stress” and “low self-efficacy”).Conclusions:Positive attitudes toward work and infant health may encourage pregnant women to engage in healthy behaviors, while workplace support and policies are important in promoting healthy behavior and avoiding negative emotions. Health promotion interventions should encourage the value of work, promote maternal–fetal attachment, and increase health support policy to avoid mental health issues and promote healthy behaviors among working-pregnant women.
Factors Related to Professional Self-Concept of Nursing Students and Nurses: A Systematic Review
Authors: Juanamasta I. Gede , Aungsuroch Yupin , Preechawong Sunida , Gunawan Joko 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Some nurses leave their job because of working conditions, which will affect nurse turnover. Patients perceive that those nurses are distrustful, and feel unsatisfied, with patients' complaints about nursing service. This study explored factors about the professional self-concept of nursing students and nurses.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic review of cross-sectional studies followed PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Ovid, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were used from 1982 to August 2020 with the terms “factors” AND “nurse” AND “professional” AND “self-concept.” A total of 19 out of 4,349 articles were used for analysis. Joanna Brings Institute critical appraisal tools for the analytical cross-sectional studies were used in this study, and narrative synthesis was used to analyze data.

Results:
Professional self-concept of clinical nurses is influenced by including organizational or job factors, and individual and emotional factors. Job factors consist of organizational support, professional ethic, clinical ladder system, nursing experience, position, and time. Besides, sex, age, marital status, education, health status, healthy lifestyle, and experience were categorized as individual factors. Emotional factors were as follows: interpersonal relationships, spiritual growth, management stress, and self-description. Meanwhile, student nurses are influenced by including personal (degree of study and sex), emotions (emotional intelligence, and interest in the nursing profession), and external factors (nursing courses, peer-mentoring experience, and academic burnout).

Conclusions:
Thus, individual factors and emotions have a vital role in constructing clinical nurses' professional self-concept as student nurses. Improving individual and emotional/personal aspects will positively increase professional self-concept.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of nitrofurantoin, chitosan, and calcium hydroxide in combination with propylene glycol as an intracanal medicament against endodontic pathogen – An in vitro study
Authors: Ugalmugale Snehal Ramnath , Bohora Aarti Ashok , Patel Pawan Ashok , Sharma Vinay , Sengupta Shubhra , Sharma Sneha Monesh 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
The objective is to evaluate and compare the antibacterial efficacy of nitrofurantoin, chitosan, and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in combination with propylene glycol (PG) as an intracanal medicament against endodontic pathogens.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty-two extracted single-rooted maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth and premolars were selected. The root canals were enlarged using Protaper universal rotary files. Clinical isolates of microorganisms collected from retreatment cases were used. Bacterial isolates obtained from infected root canals were introduced into brain–heart infusion (BHI) broth. Incubation of samples for 14 days was carried out to facilitate the development of mature biofilms. Intracanal medicaments were divided into four groups: Group 1 – Nirofurantoin+20% PG, Group 2 – Chitosan+20% PG, Group 3 – Ca(OH)2 + 20% PG, and Group 4 – 20% PG. The prepared root samples were incubated for 7 days. After collecting dentin samples, they were placed in a phosphate-buffered saline solution. Serial dilutions were then performed, and each dilution was plated on BHI agar. The plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The antibacterial efficacy was assessed by calculating the percentage of remaining colony-forming units.

Results:
Antibacterial efficacy of chitosan paste was significantly higher followed by nitrofurantoin as compared to other groups when used as an intracanal medicament.

Conclusions:
In the root-canal biofilm model, the combination of chitosan and PG demonstrated a significant reduction in the viability of endodontic pathogens when employed as intracanal medication for 7 days. This suggests its potential as an effective intracanal medicament for endodontic retreatment.
Comparative evaluation of efficacy in working length determination: Radiography versus Electronic apex locators using in vivo and ex vivo methods with stereomicroscope validation
Authors: Saha Debjani , Mazumdar Dibyendu , Biswas Mousumi , Chanani Ankit , Das Snigdho 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Accurate determination of the working length (WL) is crucial for successful endodontic treatment. Various methods, including radiography and electronic apex locators (EALs), are employed for WL measurement, each with its advantages and limitations.

Aim:
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of WL determination using conventional radiography and the Root ZX Mini EAL against an ex vivo gold standard method.

Materials and Methods:
Fifty single-rooted teeth scheduled for extraction were included. WLs were determined using radiography (Grossman’s method) and the Root ZX Mini EAL. An ex vivo method served as the gold standard with WL carried out on extracted teeth under a stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis included Paired samples t-test, Chi-square test, and Bland–Altman plots.

Results:
The mean WL values were comparable among methods, with slight variations in precision. The Root ZX Mini EAL demonstrated significantly lower mean absolute error compared to radiography (P < 0.001). Accuracy within ± 0.5 mm and ± 1 mm tolerance ranges favored the EAL over radiography (P = 0.04 and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion:
The Root ZX Mini EAL exhibited superior accuracy and lower error rates in WL determination compared to radiography. Integrating EALs alongside radiographic techniques is recommended to optimize WL precision in clinical practice.
Investigation of Electrical Signals in the Brain of People with Autism Using Effective Connectivity Network
Authors: Bahrami Farzaneh , Taghizadeh Maryam , Shayegh Farzaneh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Unlike other functional integration methods that examine the relationship and correlation between two channels, effective connection reports the direct effect of one channel on another and expresses their causal relationship. In this article, we investigate and classify electroencephalographic (EEG) signals based on effective connectivity. In this study, we leverage the Granger causality (GC) relationship, a method for measuring effective connectivity, to analyze EEG signals from both healthy individuals and those with autism. The EEG signals examined in this article were recorded during the presentation of abstract images. Given the nonstationary nature of EEG signals, a vector autoregression model has been employed to model the relationships between signals across different channels. GC is then used to quantify the influence of these channels on one another. Selecting regions of interest (ROI) is a critical step, as the quality of the time periods under consideration significantly impacts the outcomes of the connectivity analysis among the electrodes. By comparing these effects in the ROI and various areas, we have distinguished healthy subjects from those suffering from autism. Furthermore, through statistical analysis, we have compared the results between healthy individuals and those with autism. It has been observed that the causal relationship between these two hemispheres is significantly weaker in healthy individuals compared to those with autism.
Clinical insights and real-time PCR analysis of the first adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis outbreak in India: A comprehensive cross-sectional study
Authors: Aishwarya A , Agarwal R , Garg A , Jain V 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the emergence of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis, with a focus on its clinical manifestations, prevalence, and implications within the context of acute epidemic conjunctivitis.

Methods:
Real-time PCR analysis was employed to precisely identify the viral strain in conjunctival swab samples. A total of 80 patients were tested, and specific clinical symptoms were assessed.

Results:
The study revealed the first documented case in India and the second worldwide of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis. The prevalence among the tested patients was significant, with 15% testing positive. Those infected with adeno-enterovirus exhibited shorter illnesses (≤3 days). Notably, clinical symptoms such as subconjunctival hemorrhage, chemosis, swelling, photophobia, and epiphora were significantly linked to this viral variant. Multivariable logistic regression analysis highlighted swelling and photophobia as robust predictors for identifying adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis cases.

Conclusion:
The findings underscore the urgent need to recognize adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis as a potential threat, capable of causing significant ocular morbidity. Swelling and photophobia emerged as robust predictors for identifying cases, emphasizing the importance of vigilant monitoring and comprehension of this viral variant. Proactive measures are essential to address its clinical implications and mitigate its impact on affected populations. Ongoing research is crucial to unravel the complete spectrum of adeno-enterovirus conjunctivitis and guide effective management strategies.
Targeting colorectal cancer with Herba Patriniae and Coix seed: Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro validation
Authors: Wang Cheng-Lei , Yang Bing-Wei , Wang Xin-Yan , Chen Xue , Li Wei-Dong , Zhai Hao-Yu , Wu Ying , Cui Mu-Yao , Wu Jia-He , Meng Qing-Hui , Zhang Nan 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND
Herba Patriniae and Coix seed (HC) constitute a widely utilized drug combination in the clinical management of colorectal cancer (CRC) that is known for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory, and swelling-reducing properties. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in a clinical setting, the active compounds and their mechanisms of action in CRC treatment remain to be fully elucidated.
AIM
To identify the active, CRC-targeting components of HC and to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved.
METHODS
Active HC components were identified and screened using databases. Targets for each component were predicted. CRC-related targets were obtained from human gene databases. Interaction targets between HC and CRC were identified. A “drug-ingredient-target” network was created to identify the core components and targets involved. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were conducted to elucidate the key pathways involved. Molecular docking between core targets and key components was executed. In vitro experiments validated core monomers.
RESULTS
Nineteen active components of HC were identified, with acacetin as the primary active compound. The predictive analysis identified 454 targets of the active compounds in HC. Intersection mapping with 2685 CRC-related targets yielded 171 intervention targets, including 30 core targets. GO and KEGG analyses indicated that HC may influence the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that acacetin exhibited an optimal interaction with AKT1 , identifying PI3K , AKT , and P53 as key genes likely targeted by HC during CRC treatment. Acacetin inhibited HT-29 cell proliferation and migration, as well as promoted apoptosis, in vitro . Western blotting analysis revealed increased p53 and cleaved caspase-3 expression and decreased levels of p-PI3K , p-Akt , and survivin, which likely contributed to CRC apoptosis.
CONCLUSION
Acacetin, the principal active compound in the HC pair, inhibited the proliferation and migration of HT-29 cells and promoted apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt/p53 signaling pathway.
Analisis Konten pada Pemberitaan Mengenai Mobil Listrik di Channel Youtube CNBC Indonesia
Authors: Alzani Muhamad Rizki , Syarifudin Achmad , Trisiah Anita 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini merumuskan masalah terkait bagaimanakah analisis pada konten pemberitaan mengenai mobil listrik di Channel Youtube CNBC Indonesia. Jenis Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisa kualitatif dan pendekatan menggunakan metode analisa konten berupa teori analisis framing. Subjek penelitian ini bersumber dari konten video yang ada di channel Youtube CNBC Indonesia. Channel Youtube CNBC Indonesia. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah observasi dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisa data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh analisis pada konten pemberitaan mengenai mobil listrik di Channel Youtube CNBC Indonesia yaitu pada penelitian ini dilakukan pada 5 video konten berita di Youtube CNBC Indonesia. 5 video konten berita tersebut dipilih berdasarkan jumlah viewers terbanyak yang terkait dengan mobil listrik. Secara keseluruhan, kelima video memberikan framing yang komprehensif tentang isu-isu terkait teknologi mobil terbang dan mobil listrik melalui empat fase elemen framing. Setiap video menunjukkan kompleksitas isu yang diangkat dan menawarkan pandangan yang seimbang mengenai potensi dan tantangan teknologi ini, serta langkah-langkah yang diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan transportasi yang lebih efisien dan ramah lingkungan.