bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Prosthesis of Forging
Authors: Rojas-Olmos D. C. , López-Perrusquia N. , Doñu-Ruiz M. A. , Juanico Loran J.A , Torres San Miguel C. R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis work studies the change microstructural and mechanical properties of biomedical component hot forging of titanium; was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively the microstructural features obtained in this titanium biocompatible Ti6Al4V. The forging process was obtained at temperature of 950 °C, after by technical optical microscopy are obtained the microstructural characterization showing the phases present after forging. Likewise, the technical X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows the presence of the phases. Also is evaluated the hardness and modulus of elasticity by technical nanoindentation. The characterization of this material has the objective to show that the results obtained with temperature study of 950 °C. Likewise by the forging process obtained a type phases and optimal properties required for these biomedical materials.
Characterization of Mg AZ31 Alloy ECASD Processed Using Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
Authors: Peláez Daniel , Restrepo-Osorio Adriana , Mendoza Emigdio , Isaza Cesar , Fernandez-Morales Patricia 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present work was used Dynamical Mechanical Analysis (DMA) to study the magnesium alloy Mg AZ31-B, in plate form with a thickness of 2.5 mm. The plates were processed using Equal Channel Angular Sheet Drawing (ECASD), which is a severe plastic deformation technique, which allows imposing strain without dimensional changes to a metal plate, at room temperature with an angle of 135°. The obtained results show dependence between the storage modulus (M’), temperature and frequency used on the tests. The greater M’ values were obtained at the lower temperatures and at the higher frequency used. However, at lower frequencies M’ response is not affected by the used frequencies. At the higher temperatures there is an M’ reduction, which promotes the material deformation.
Physicochemical Properties of Vitrified Forms for LILW Generated From Korean Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Kim Cheon-Woo , Lee Hyehyun , Jang In-Sun , Jo Hyun-Jun , Cho Hyun-Je 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSince 1994, the KHNP has developed a vitrification technology to treat the LILW generated from Korean nuclear power plant. To vitrify the LILW including combustible Dry Active Waste (DAW) and Ion Exchange Resin (IER) containing Zeolite, two borosilicate glasses are formulated. One of the formulated glass, DG2, is for the DAW vitrification solely and the other one, AG8W1, is for the blended wastes (DAW & IER) vitrification in a commercial vitrification facility in HanUl (former Ulchin) nuclear power plant. The physicochemical properties of the two glasses have been evaluated. To evaluate the processability of the glasses, the viscosities and electrical conductivities of the glass melts were measured in the laboratory within a temperature range between 950 and 1,350 degrees C, respectively. The liquidus temperatures of the glasses were evaluated using a gradient furnace for DG2 and data from heat treatment for AG8W1. The Mössbauer spectroscopy for AG8W1 was employed to evaluate the relations between the redox equilibria of iron. In addition, to verify the waste acceptance criteria for the final disposal of the vitrified forms, the compressive strengths of the vitrified forms were tested after an immersion test, a thermal cycling test, and an irradiation test. To verify the chemical durability of the glasses, several tests such as PCT, ISO, VHT, Soxhlet, MCC-1, and ANS16.1 were carried out. The PCT showed leach rates of B, Na, Li and Si were much less than those of the benchmark glass. The ISO test was performed at 90 degrees C for 1,022 days and Cumulative Fraction Leached of all elements in the glasses were analyzed. According to the VHT, the glasses had an outstanding chemical resistance under humid environment at 200 degrees C for 7 days. The Soxhlet leaching was performed on rectangular glass samples at 98 degrees C for 30 days. To analyze the forward dissolution rates of major glass elements, the MCC-1 was conducted at temperatures of 40, 70, and 90 degrees C for three weeks in pH buffer solutions ranging from pH 4 to 11. The processability of the glasses was in the desired ranges. And the product quality of the glasses met all regulatory guidelines. Using two glasses, the CCIM commissioning tests in the UVF were successfully performed and they showed good workability.
Physical Mechanisms Affecting the Reliability of GaN-based High Electron Mobility Transistors
Authors: Schrimpf R. D. , Fleetwood D. M. , Pantelides S. T. , Puzyrev Y.S. , Mukherjee S. , Reed R. A. , Speck J. S. , Mishra U. K. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe physical mechanisms responsible for electrically-induced parametric degradation in GaN-based high electron mobility transistors are examined using a combination of experiments, device simulation, and first-principles defect analysis. A relatively simple formulation is developed under the assumption that the hot-electron scattering cross-section is independent of the electron energy. In this case, one can relate the change in defect concentration to the operational characteristics of a device, such as the spatial and energy distribution of electrons (electron temperature), electric field distribution, and electron energy loss to the lattice.
Crystal Growth of CdTe2O5 by a Modified Bridgman Technique
Authors: Nawash Jalal 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe growth of CdTe2O5 single crystals using a modified Bridgman technique in a RF furnace was attempted. A platinum/gold crucible was used to melt the powder mixture in a customized insulated chamber to provide an adequate vertical thermal gradient. Growths resulted in mica-shaped single crystals that were extracted and investigated. Some optical and electrical properties were studied. Czochralski (CZ) method was also tried but returned very small crystals at best, whereas evaporation of CdO and/or TeO2 presented another challenge.
Extracting Mobility-Lifetime Product in Solar Cell Absorbers Using Quantum Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Poindexter Jeremy R. , Brandt Riley E. , Mangan Niall M. , Buonassisi Tonio 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe long-wavelength quantum efficiency (QE) response of photovoltaic absorbers is determined by the length scales for minority carrier collection. However, extracting quantitative measurements of minority carrier mobility-lifetime product (μτ) is complicated by uncertainty in other factors such as the depletion width, electric field, and the absorption coefficient. We apply previously developed methods to obtain estimates for μτ in a tin(II) sulfide (SnS) solar cell. We compare three analytic models for the minority carrier collection probability as a function of absorber depth to determine which model most accurately captures the behavior in our devices. For models in which multiple parameters are unconstrained, a random numerical search is used to optimize the fit to experimental QE for SnS. To identify sources of error, we perform a sensitivity analysis by fitting with SCAPS-1D. Our analysis shows that changes in absorption most strongly affect estimates for μτ, highlighting the need to obtain accurate, device-specific absorption data. Further modeling and experimental constraints are required to obtain self-consistent values for μτ that correspond to actual device performance.
Influence of glycidylmethacrylate functional groups attached to gelatin on the formation and properties of hydrogels
Authors: Löwenberg Candy , Julich-Gruner Konstanze K. , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTGelatin functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) has been shown to allow crosslinking by photopolymerization and metathesis reaction. However, side chain functionalization of gelatin might reduce triple helicalization, which influences mechanical properties of gelatin-based polymer networks. Here, the influence of glycidylmethycrylation of gelatin on the chain organization, swelling, and mechanical properties is investigated by comparing among each other physical gels prepared from GMA-gelatin solutions of different concentrations (5-20 wt.-%) by drying and rehydration. An increase of GMA-gelatin concentration from 5 wt.-% to 20 wt.-% led to an increased density of produced gelatin films and a decreasing water uptake of the films from 1160 wt.-% to 730 wt.-%, while the storage modulus was increasing about one order of magnitude from 440 Pa to 4090 Pa. The relative single and triple helix content was not influenced by the variation of polymer concentration.
Anisotropic Composites of Desaminotyrosine and Desaminotyrosyl Tyrosine Functionalized Gelatin and Bioactive Glass Microparticles
Authors: Julich-Gruner Konstanze K. , Lendlein Andreas , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Neffe Axel T. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTFunctionalization of gelatin with desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desamino tyrosyl tyrosine (DATT) has been demonstrated to allow network formation based on non-covalent interactions of the aromatic moieties. Based on the observation that the DAT(T) groups furthermore could interact with hydroxyapatite fillers, here it was investigated whether such interactions of DAT(T) could also be employed to stabilize composites formed by functionalized gelatins and bioactive glass (BG) particles. Because of sedimentation of the BG microparticles during the gelification, anisotropic composites with two distinct layers were formed. The characterization of mechanical properties by tensile tests and rheology showed that all composites of non-functionalized and DAT(T) functionalized gelatins with BG microparticles showed an increased Young’s modulus (E) up to 3 MPa, an increased storage modulus (G’) up to 100 kPa, increased tensile strength (σmax) up to 3.4 MPa, and increased loss modulus (G’’) compared to the pure matrices. As the observed effects were more pronounced in the DAT(T) functionalized gelatins compared to non-functionalized gelatins, and a much increased thermal stability of these composites was found, it is likely that there are binding interactions between the aromatic moieties and the BG microparticles. This effect open opportunities for the further development of this type of gelatin-based composites for bone regeneration applications.
Controlling Losses When Recompleting Low-Pressure Reservoirs
Authors: Uguna G. , Rachid R. , Milne A. , Ali S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The challenge in many permeable water sensitive subhydrostatic reservoirs is to avoid the loss of completion fluid when completing or working over wells. It is not unusual to lose up to 1,000 bbl of completion fluid, resulting in a 20% to 50% reduction in production.
Several different approaches have been used to prevent these losses. The most common is viscous fluid-loss control pills with sized particulates, such as calcium carbonate, which often requires a further treatment to remove the solids. An alternative is a solids-free crosslinked viscous polymer pill, which must be spotted and kept in position across the reservoir prior to it crosslinking.
To overcome the limitation of conventional fluid-loss control pills, a low-viscosity system was developed. The system is composed of a viscous disproportionate permeability modifier (VDPM) with sized synthetic polymer particles and fibers, which, with time and temperature, degrade into organic acids. The VDPM reduces the effective permeability to the water-based fluids, and the sized particles create an impermeable filter cake. When the particles degrade, the organic acid acts to break any remaining polymer. The system can either be bullheaded or spotted in the wellbore prior to perforating and effectively seals the formation for several days.
The fluid-loss pill has been used successfully in more than 25 wells. The volume of fluid lost into the formation is often less than 1 bbl, and production is maintained after the workover. The technique has made it possible to selectively stimulate new intervals or recomplete wells with an average increase of more than 240 BOPD, whereas, historically, a decline in production was not uncommon.
Injectivity during PWRI and Disposal in Thick Low Permeable Formations (Laboratory and Mathematical Modelling, Field Case)
Authors: Kalantariasl Azim , Schulze Kai , Storz Jöerg , Burmester Christian , Kuenckeler Soeren , You Zhenjiang , Badalyan Alexander , Bedrikovetsky Pavel 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Produced water management is a growing challenge for oil and gas industry. Over the last decade, the scale of produced water re-injection (PWRI) and disposal in petroleum industry has increased tremendously. PWRI is an important economic and environmental-friendly option to convert waste to value with waterflooding. Nevertheless, drastic decline of injectivity, widely reported in the literature, restricts the project efficiency. In the present work, laboratory coreflood test using low permeable core sample is performed to investigate the impedance (normalised reciprocal of injectivity) behaviour. Analytical model for well impedance growth, along with probabilistic histograms of injectivity damage parameters, is applied to the well injectivity decline prediction during produced water disposal in a thick low permeable formation (Völkersen field). Unusual convex form of impedance curve is observed in both laboratory coreflooding and well behaviour modelling. Impedance grows slower during external cake formation compared to that during deep bed filtration. This is due to low reservoir permeability and consequent high values of filtration and formation damage coefficients causing fast impedance growth during deep bed filtration; while external cake build-up yields relatively slower impedance growth during cake formation. Risk analysis method using probabilistic histograms of injectivity damage parameters is applied to well behaviour prediction under high uncertainty conditions.
Role of Well Completion in PWRI design
Authors: Ochi Jalel , Hofsaess Thomas 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Before any Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI) project, specifications of water quality in terms of solid and oil contents must be determined to allow designing water treatment facilities. Also, specifications of injection pressure must be determined to allow designing injection pumps and network. An incorrect design may lead to significant injectivity declines, to injection volumes below target and therefore to loss of production. These specifications are usually provided by considering re-injection in fracturing flow regime because it is the only regime that can sustain the injectivity of wells on the long term. However, even if the matrix flow period which precedes the fracture initiation is also fundamental in determining these specifications, it currently remains considered in only very few commercial softwares.
It is fundamental to model the matrix flow period especially in terms of damage mechanisms. Indeed, this period can be of relatively long duration and can dominate the well behavior before the initiation of any fracturing. For example, this is the case of gas fields where only small volumes of water are produced during the first years of production. Taking into account this period can also help in optimizing water quality and pressure specifications by selecting the most appropriate completion for wells. In fact, the same water quality could lead to different damage potentials and thus to different fracturing pressures inititation that depend on the well completion scheme selected, whether open hole (OH) or cased and perforated (CP).
Even if a lot of models dealing with formation damage already exist for oil and gas producers, only very few models are available for CP water injectors. This paper presents a new model which allows simulating formation damage occurring while injecting in this type of wells. This model extends the standard CP calculations with the modeling approaches for external and internal damage which have already been available in Total's in-house simulator for OH completions. This paper also presents how water quality and injection pressure specifications are predicted for CP wells, the key parameters in perforation strategy to optimize them and why these specifications differ from one completion to the other. Finally, an example of field application of the model to design of PWRI project in a CP disposal well will be discussed.
Customized Sealants for Water/Gas Shutoff Operations in Horizontal and Highly Deviated Wellbore Completions
Authors: Eoff Larry , Vasquez Julio , Recio Antonio , Reddy B. R. , Pascarella Natalie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Horizontal wellbores can present unique problems during water and gas shutoff operations. The primary challenges include the extended length of many horizontal wells, which could be outside the reach of coiled tubing (CT), and the fact that many are completed with open holes, gravel packs, or slotted liners. With gravel pack and slotted liner completions, it can be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to obtain complete zonal isolation. Even when the offending water or gas producing zones are clearly demarcated from the producing zones, chemical remediation remains arduous. Mechanical plugs can be set inside gravel pack screens or slotted liners and a chemical sealant can be pumped into this isolated internal section. However, it is difficult to limit fluid flow in the outer annular space. Because most chemical sealants are designed to have relatively low viscosity, they tend to slump to the low side of the wellbore, either inside or outside of this isolated section. Consequently, the water and/or gas zones are not uniformly exposed to the treatment, which could result in an incomplete seal. Because more horizontal wells are being drilled, water/gas shutoff systems are necessary for these types of completions. An ideal sealant system would exhibit flow properties facilitating pumping and placement while, immediately upon placement in the desired location, resist slumping by behaving as a thick paste.
This paper presents three systems designed to address the challenges associated with treatment of zones within horizontal wellbores. The objective was to develop sealant systems that would not slump upon placement and subsequently undergo polymerization, crosslinking, or setting and provide lasting seals to prevent water/gas flow. The fluids discussed include polymeric and monomeric gels and a Sorel cement based system, which additionally contains additives to provide slump resistant properties. The chemistries that impart the slump resistant properties are discussed. In addition, laboratory data is presented to include slump measurements, gelation times, and flow resistance measurements.
Critical Aspects In Surfactant Flooding Procedure At Mixed-wet Conditions
Authors: Fjelde Ingebret , Lohne Arild , Abeysinghe Kumuduni Prasangika 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The theory and procedures for surfactant flooding were developed for water-wet sandstone, but many sandstone reservoirs are today characterized as mixed-wet. The objective for the study was to carry out critical investigation of experimental methods used to evaluate the potential for surfactant flooding in mixed-wet sandstone reservoirs. Water flooding and surfactant flooding experiments were performed in mixed-wet Berea outcrop sandstone, and in reservoir sandstone rock.
During water flooding long tail-end production was observed for both the mixed-wet Berea and reservoir rock. The relative permeability (kr)-curves estimated by history matching were similar for these rocks. Since kr of oil (kro) is low at higher water saturations, the residual oil saturation (Sor) will not be reached with realistic injection volumes. The remaining oil saturation (ROS) was both in the water floods and surfactant floods strongly dependent on the volumes injected. The focus should therefore be on the alteration of kr-curves by the surfactant rather than reduction of Sor.
Solubilization of oil into the surfactant phase is challenging in relative permeability experiments at mixed-wet conditions. When injected surfactant solution was not in equilibrium with the oil, it was not possible to correct the oil production for the solubilization because the surfactant phase was not in equilibrium with the remaining oil in the rock. The estimated kr-curves should therefore have been at higher water-saturations. The uncertainty related to solubilization of oil can be reduced by flooding with surfactant systems with equilibrium between the phases.
In mixed-wet rock having negative Pc at higher water saturation (Sw), capillary forces will act to reduce the oil production rate. The effect increases in shorter core plugs and at lower injection rates and it also seems to be more important if displaced oil phase has low viscosity. It is recommended to always evaluate capillary end effects when dealing with mixed-wet rock material to secure that additional oil production due to reduced end effects is not included in the surfactant flooding potential.
Simulation of surfactant flooding in mixed-wet formations require a fair representation of the capillary number (Nc) dependent kr curvature. It is demonstrated that this is possible using a simple surfactant model available in commercial simulators and a practical cut-off value for Sor at low Nc in the model.
Recommendations are given on how to secure the quality of surfactant flooding experiments and the interpretation of these experiments to allow robust data for scaling of the laboratory results to field.
Unsteady flow around a two-dimensional section of a vertical axis turbine for tidal stream energy conversion
Authors: Jung Hyun Ju , Lee Ju Hyun , Rliee Shin Hyung , Song Museok , Hyun Beom-Soo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe two-dimensional unsteady flow around a vertical axis turbine for tidal stream energy' conversion was investigated using a computational fluid dynamics tool solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The geometry' of the turbine blade section was NACA653-01S airfoil. The computational analysis was done at several different angles of attack and the results were compared with the corresponding experimental data for validation and calibration. Simulations were then carried out for the two-dimensional cross section of a vertical axis turbine. The simulation results demonstrated the usefulness of the method for the typical unsteady flows around vertical axis turbines. The optimum turbine efficiency was achieved for carefully selected combinations of the number of blades and tip speed ratios.
Pues eso... que Sam vuelve a las andadas
Authors: Herranz Calero Nieves 
Published: May 2015

<p>Sam Ortí, más conocido llanamente como Sam, es ya una página viva de la historia de la animación española. Su fulgurante carrera cuenta con éxitos como The Werepig (2008), Vicenta (2010), o la inevitable Encarna (2003), quizás el germen de toda su producción posterior. Sam nos ha abierto las puertas de su futuro estudio-museo en Valencia, llena de los escenarios de sus películas, convertidos en dioramas de exposición que han dado la vuelta al mundo, y nos ha contado las vicisitudes de su nuevo filme, Poseso (2014), que figura con honor como el tercer largometraje de stop-motion producido en nuestro país. Nieves Herranz nos habla de este futuro estreno, que ya ha recolectado significativos premios y menciones en los festivales de cine, y que sin duda no dejará a nadie indiferente en las salas.</p>