bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in intimate partner violence and psychiatric disorders in England: results from the 2007 adult psychiatric morbidity survey
Authors: Jonas S. , Khalifeh H. , Bebbington P. E. , McManus S. , Brugha T. , Meltzer H. , Howard L. M. 
Published: June 2013

Aims.To assess the extent to which being a victim of intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with psychiatric disorders in men and women.Methods.A stratified multistage random sample was used in the third English psychiatric morbidity survey. Psychiatric disorders were measured by the Clinical Interview Schedule (Revised) and screening questionnaires. IPV was measured using British Crime Survey questions.Results.18.7% (95% CI 17.1–20.4; n = 595 of 3197) of men had experienced some form of IPV compared with 27.8% of women (95% CI 26.2–29.4; n = 1227 of 4206; p < 0.001). IPV was associated with all disorders measured (except eating disorders in men). Physical IPV was significantly linked to psychosis and with substance and alcohol disorders in men and women, but significant associations with common mental disorders (CMDs), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders were restricted to women. Emotional IPV was associated with CMDs in men and women.Conclusions.The high prevalence of experiences of partner violence, and strength of the association with every disorder assessed, suggests enquiry about partner violence is important in identifying a potential risk and maintenance factor for psychiatric disorders, and to ascertain safety, particularly in women as they are at greatest risk of being victims of violence.
Age Differences in Executive Functions within a Sample of Brazilian Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dias Natália Martins , Menezes Amanda , Seabra Alessandra Gotuzo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExecutive abilities have been suggested to show differential age-related changes. This study aimed to extend this evidence to a Brazilian sample, which was composed of 572 children and adolescents aged 6 to 14 years, assessed in tests of visual and auditory working memory, selective attention, inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, attentional abilities, verbal fluency and planning. ANOVAs revealed significant age effect on performance in all tests, with a trend toward better performance with the progression of age, even in differential ways. Overall, the performance on simpler tests, such as the basic attention, increased with age progression until around 11 or 12 years, when performance becomes more stable. However, in more complex tasks, including working memory tasks, the performance showed a more continuous improvement. There was gender effect in two measures: visual working memory, in which boys outperformed girls, and verbal fluency, in which the girls outperformed boys. In general, the results of this Brazilian sample were similar to those reported by studies conducted in other countries, what suggests that Brazilian socio-cultural specificities, at least of the participants of this sample, were not sufficient to reveal a distinct pattern of progression.
Hsp104 as a key modulator of prion-mediated oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Singh Kuljit , Saleh Aliabbas A. , Bhadra Ankan K. , Roy Ipsita 
Published: June 2013

Maintenance of cellular redox homoeostasis forms an important part of the cellular defence mechanism and continued cell viability. Despite extensive studies, the role of the chaperone Hsp104 (heat-shock protein of 102 kDa) in propagation of misfolded protein aggregates in the cell and generation of oxidative stress remains poorly understood. Expression of RNQ1-RFP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells led to the generation of the prion form of the protein and increased oxidative stress. In the present study, we show that disruption of Hsp104 in an isogenic yeast strain led to solubilization of RNQ1-RFP. This reduced the oxidative stress generated in the cell. The higher level of oxidative stress in the Hsp104-containing (parental) strain correlated with lower activity of almost all of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes assayed. Surprisingly, this did not correspond with the gene expression analysis data. To compensate for the decrease in protein translation induced by a high level of reactive oxygen species, transcriptional up-regulation takes place. This explains the discrepancy observed between the transcription level and functional enzymatic product. Our results show that in a ΔHsp104 strain, due to lower oxidative stress, no such mismatch is observed, corresponding with higher cell viability. Thus Hsp104 is indirectly responsible for enhancing the oxidative stress in a prion-rich environment.
Influence of Survey Design on Fish Assemblages: Implications from a Study in Chesapeake Bay Tributaries
Authors: Tuckey Troy D. , Fabrizio Mary C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAquatic resource surveys that span multiple decades provide valuable information about fish population responses to environmental and human‐induced changes. Often, surveys are altered as scientific objectives change or in response to management needs. These modifications usually result in inconsistencies in the time series, which must be addressed for proper analysis of fish community data. Since 1997, juvenile fishes in Virginia tributaries of Chesapeake Bay have been captured monthly using a bottom trawl at both fixed and random sites. Previous surveys in these tributaries (1955–1996) were conducted at fixed sites only; thus, an understanding of the effect of this design change would allow us to infer fish community status through multiple decades. We compared samples from the fixed site design with those from the stratified random design in the James, York, and Rappahannock rivers and examined species composition, biodiversity, relative abundance estimates, and size distributions to understand the effects of survey design on these metrics. Catches from random sites were characterized by consistently higher species richness than those from fixed sites; biodiversity metrics varied by sampling site type (fixed versus random) and river. For most select species, we observed similar trends in relative abundance regardless of site type; however, for some species we noted differences in magnitude among years and between sampling site types. Community metrics, such as taxonomic diversity and distinctness, revealed subtle differences about fish species assemblages compared with traditional diversity metrics demonstrating that community metrics can characterize biodiversity of fishes at higher taxonomic levels. Thus, species‐specific and community metrics derived from assemblage data from fixed‐site surveys may not fully represent the magnitude of change in demersal fish assemblages, but can provide reliable indicators of patterns of change in abundance through time.
Within‐Day Variability in Catch Taken by Public Access Fishers during a Recreational Fishing Survey
Authors: Ashford Julian R. , Jones Cynthia M. , Fegley Lynn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAccess point surveys of recreational fisheries are usually stratified into weekdays and weekend days and allocate only a single sampling assignment per day sampled; this is because most variation is thought to be due to differences in angler behavior between the week and weekend and between days. However, few estimates of within‐day variability are available, and this source of error has not been adequately assessed. During a 2011 survey of the recreational fishery for blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in Maryland, we used a stratified two‐stage design with week and weekend strata, and multiple assignments were selected randomly within sampling days to measure within‐day variability. Within‐day variability accounted for 85.3–98.5% of the variation in blue crab catch between July and September, whereas 1.5–14.7% of the variation was due to between‐day variability; during the months examined, there was no significant effect due to week–weekend. These results suggest the use of a simple two‐stage design to estimate the recreational catch of blue crabs, with sampling effort allocated to capturing within‐day variability. Better management of the main sources of error can increase the precision and accuracy of catch estimates, and we recommend that recreational surveys use pilot studies to evaluate sources of variation before the study design is finalized.
First Report of Watermelon mosaic virus Naturally Infecting Cucumis anguria
Authors: Romay G. , Lecoq H. , Desbiez C. 
Published: June 2013

Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV, Potyvirus) is an important virus of cucurbit crops worldwide, although it is rarely found in tropical regions. Cucumis anguria L. is a native species from tropical regions of Africa and can be found as a volunteer or cultivated plant in the Neotropic (1). In Venezuela, C. anguria is a ubiquitous volunteer cucurbit that grows in crop fields year round and may serve as reservoir for viruses. In 2009 and 2010, during surveys for viruses in cultivated and wild cucurbits, WMV was found at a low frequency (3 out of 284 samples) and two out of three positive samples were C. anguria. One of these samples was used to mechanically inoculate WMV to melon (Cucumis melo L.) and zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) plants. Typical symptoms of WMV were observed 2 weeks after inoculation and viral identification was confirmed by double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA. Based on whole genome sequences, three phylogenetic groups of WMV, namely groups G1 to G3, are defined (2). Since molecular characterization of this virus is scarce in South America, the complete sequence of a WMV isolate recovered from C. anguria (hereafter, VE10-99) was obtained. RNA extractions, amplification procedures, and sequencing analyses were performed according to Desbiez and Lecoq (2). The total sequence length of VE10-99 isolate was 10,039 nucleotides, excluding the polyadenylated tail (GenBank Accession No. KC292915). This isolate had the typical potyviral genome organization, exhibiting a unique large ORF with 9 putative cleavage sites. In a BLAST analysis, the isolate most closely related to VE10-99 was the Chilean isolate CHI87-620 (EU660580), sharing 96% nucleotide identity. Phylogenetic analyses showed that VE10-99 belongs to group G2 of WMV. No evidence for recombination was found in the genome of VE10-99. Although recombination events have been noticed between members of G1 and G3, recombinant isolates between members of G2 and G1 are more frequent (2). In fact, the isolate CHI87-620 had been the only bona fide member of G2 until the sequencing of VE10-99. G2/G1 recombinants seem to have almost completely replaced the parental isolates throughout the world, probably due to a better fitness (2). To our knowledge, WMV natural infections in C. anguria had not been described before. The finding of a bona fide G2 member in Venezuela raises the question about the origin of G2 group. Currently, the prevalence of WMV appears reduced compared to the previous survey performed in Venezuela in 1966 (16 WMV-positive plants out of 95 samples) (3). References: (1) F. Chitty and R. Lopez. Acta Bot. Venez. 30:19, 2007. (2) C. Desbiez and H. Lecoq. Arch. Virol. 153:1749, 2008. (3) R. Lastra. Plant Dis. Rep. 52:171, 1968. ERRATUM: A correction was made to this Disease Note on June 9, 2014. The author R. Gustavo was changed to G. Romay.
Sex allocation, pollen limitation and masting in whitebark pine
Authors: Rapp Joshua M. , McIntire Eliot J. B. , Crone Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMasting, the synchronous and episodic production of seed crops, is thought to benefit plant reproductive success through positive density‐dependent effects on pollination, dispersal and seed survival. Of these, only increased pollination efficiency in mast years can be a proximate mechanism for masting by synchronizing reproductive effort across individuals through pollen coupling.Increased pollination efficiency requires synchronous investment in male and female function during mast years. Sex allocation theory, however, predicts a trade‐off in investment between male and female reproductive allocation dependent on total resources invested in reproduction.We describe patterns of sex allocation inPinus albicaulis(whitebark pine), using data on pollen and seed cone counts over 5 years for 29 trees across 7 sites in Montana, U.S.A.Whitebark pine seed cone maturation increased with site pollen cone production, indicating pollen limitation, and pollen and seed cone production were positively correlated across years.Simulating mature seed cone production from these empirical relationships resulted in greater average mature seed cone production than alternative scenarios of (i) no synchrony between pollen cone production and pollen cone initiation, (ii) negative correlation (trade‐off) between seed cone initiation and pollen cone production or (iii) no masting.Synthesis. Our data support a role for pollination efficiency in both increasing long‐term seed production and as a proximate mechanism for synchronizing masting inPinus albicaulis. Increased pollination efficiency joins greater seed dispersal and survival in mast years seen in other studies, as an additional positive density‐dependent benefit of masting. Positive density‐dependent fitness benefits may therefore influence patterns of sex allocation in relation to total resources invested in reproduction. The pollen limitation found here combined with stand isolation and reduced tree density due to mortality from forest pests and other environmental stressors may lead to reduced seed cone maturation and changes in masting patterns.
The ‘Holy Mother’ and the shadow: revisiting Jung's work on the quaternity
Authors: Driver Christine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThrough a series of clinical vignettes, this paper considers the impact of religious belief, specifically Roman Catholicism, on the psyche and development of mind; in particular, there will be a focus on the influences of the conflation of maternal beliefs with a Catholic belief system when the loss or absence of the father is a primary factor. Further, it will be shown in case examples that split off aspects of the personal shadow such as conflicted and aggressive emotions related to mother and father can conflate with the collective numinous and religious aspects of the ‘dark side’ of the God‐representation and result in ‘religious’ persecutory symptoms. This has a debilitating effect on the emerging personality, leaving it prone to fears, anxieties and psychotic pockets of experience when there is a numinous persecutory shadow in the background that affects and limits the individual's development. The implications and findings drawn from the clinical vignettes are used to consider the impact of an interrelationship and conflation between aspects of the psyche and religious beliefs. Jung's work on the Trinity and the ‘problem of the fourth’ (Jung 1942/1948/1991) is also reconsidered in relation to the role of the feminine, the maternal and the ‘reality of matter’. A diagram of the multiple levels of the quaternity is used to elaborate and expand on Jung's concept. © 2013, The Society of Analytical Psychology
Prevalence of Early Repolarization Patterns in a French Military Population at Low Cardiovascular Risk: Implications for Preventive Medicine
Authors: Vinsonneau Ulric , Pinon Barbara , Paleiron Nicolas , Rohel Gwenole , Piquemal Marie , Desideri‐Vaillant Catherine , Castellant Philippe , Abaléa Jérome , Valls‐Bertaut Valérie , Carré François , Mansourati Jacques , Paule Philippe 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundEarly repolarization pattern (ERP) associated with a risk of sudden death has recently been described. Very few studies have examined the prevalence of this pattern in a military population characterized by a predominance of young, active male subjects. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of ERP in a healthy military population free of heart disease but subjected to extreme and potentially arrhythmogenic physical activity.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter study was carried out from November 2010 to November 2011 and included 746 individuals undergoing ECG screening; 466 were men (62.4%) and 280 were women (37.5%). Each ECG was interpreted twice by trained cardiologists.ResultsThe total prevalence of ERP was 13.8% (103/746); 16% (46/280) in women and 12% (57/466) in men (P > 0.05). It declined with age and the pattern of slurring in inferior location was the most common. Heart rate was significantly lower in military officers with ERP.ConclusionsERP was commonly found in this healthy military population. Preventing the risk of sudden death in this population requires systematic ECG screening, medical history analysis and clinical examination to identify symptomatic patients.
Maternal body mass index and the association between folic acid supplements and neural tube defects
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Zhi‐Ping , Gao Li‐Jie , Gong Rui , Sun Xi‐Hong , Zhao Zhong‐Tang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo study the influence of maternal body mass index (BMI) on the association between folic acid supplementation and neural tube defects (NTDs) risk in offspring.MethodsA hospital‐based, case–control study was conducted between 2006 and 2008 on 459 mothers with NTDs‐affected births and 459 mothers without NTDs‐affected births. Logistic regression models examined the associations between folic acid supplementation and the NTDs risk in offspring for all mothers, underweight/normal weight mothers (BMI<24.0) and overweight/obese mothers (BMI ≥24.0). The effects were evaluated by adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with SAS 9.1.3 software.ResultsThe overall AOR for periconceptional folic acid supplementation was 0.315 (95% CI = 0.172–0.577) when compared with no supplements. Stratified by maternal BMI, the AOR for periconceptional folic acid supplementation in overweight/obese mothers was greater than in underweight/normal weight mothers (0.646 vs. 0.208). The AOR for folic acid supplementation within 3 months before conception was 0.711 (95% CI = 0.323–1.563) in all mothers. Stratified by maternal BMI, the AOR for folic acid supplementation within 3 months before conception in overweight/obese mothers was greater than in underweight/normal weight mothers (0.658 vs. 0.527).ConclusionThe association between folic acid supplementation and the reduced NTDs risk was weaker in overweight/obese mothers (BMI ≥24.0) than in underweight/normal weight mothers (BMI <24.0).
Sleep, its regulation and possible mechanisms of sleep disturbances
Authors: Porkka‐Heiskanen T. , Zitting K.‐M. , Wigren H.‐K. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe state of sleep consists of different phases that proceed in successive, tightly regulated order through the night forming a physiological program, which for each individual is different but stabile from one night to another. Failure to accomplish this program results in feeling of unrefreshing sleep and tiredness in the morning. The program core is constructed by genetic factors but regulated by circadian rhythm and duration and intensity of day time brain activity. Many environmental factors modulate sleep, including stress, health status and ingestion of vigilance‐affecting nutrients or medicines (e.g. caffeine). Acute sleep loss results in compromised cognitive performance, memory deficits, depressive mood and involuntary sleep episodes during the day. Moreover, prolonged sleep curtailment has many adverse health effects, as evidenced by both epidemiological and experimental studies. These effects include increased risk for depression, type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to voluntary restriction of sleep, shift work, irregular working hours, jet lag and stress are important factors that induce curtailed or bad quality sleep and/or insomnia. This review covers the current theories on the function of normal sleep and describes current knowledge on the physiologic effects of sleep loss. It provides insights into the basic mechanisms of the regulation of wakefulness and sleep creating a theoretical background for understanding different disturbances of sleep.
Risk of oral antifungal agent‐induced liver injury in Taiwanese
Authors: Kao Wei‐Yu , Su Chien‐Wei , Huang Yi‐Shin , Chou Yueh‐Ching , Chen Yi‐Chih , Chung Wen‐Hung , Hou Ming‐Chih , Lin Han‐Chieh , Lee Fa‐Yauh , Wu Jaw‐Ching 
Published: June 2013

AimOral antifungal agent‐induced liver injury is a common safety concern that may lead to patients' hesitation in treating fungal infections such as onychomycosis. This study evaluated risk of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) caused by oral antifungal agents in Taiwanese populations.MethodsA population‐based study was conducted by analyzing who used oral antifungal agents from 2002 to 2008 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. A comparison control group was randomly extracted from the remainder of the original cohort.ResultsOf the 90 847 oral antifungal agents users, 52 patients had DILI. Twenty‐eight DILI cases used ketoconazole, 12 fluconazole, eight griseofulvin, three itraconazole and two terbinafine. The incidence rates (IR) of DILI per 10 000 persons were 31.6, 4.9, 4.3, 3.6 and 1.6 for fluconazole, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole and terbinafine, respectively. Longer exposure duration increased the risk of DILI, with IR for exposure duration ≥ 60 defined daily dose (DDD) of 170.9, 62.5, and 36.1 per 10 000 persons for ketoconazole, itraconazole and terbinafine, respectively. Patients taking antifungal agents had higher incidences of developing DILI compared with those in the control group after adjusting for age, gender and co‐morbidities (relative risk 2.38, P < 0.001). All of the six patients with fatal DILI used fluconazole. Old age and fluconazole increased the risk of oral antifungal‐induced fatal DILI.ConclusionsOral antifungal agents are associated with low incidence of acute liver injury, but which may be fatal, especially for the elderly. Longer treatment duration may increase the risk of antifungal agent‐induced liver injury, especially ketoconazole.
Upbeat nystagmus at caudal brainstem lesions in four cases with multiple sclerosis and its related disorders
Authors: Uzawa Akiyuki , Mori Masahiro , Masuda Saeko , Muto Mayumi , Uchida Tomohiko , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUpbeat nystagmus (UBN) is relatively rare. Little is known about UBN in acute central nervous system inflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and related disorders. We investigated two patients with MS, one with clinically isolated syndrome and one with brainstem inflammation possibly related to NMO who developed UBN because of brainstem lesions. Three of the four patients presented caudal medulla lesions and one presented a caudal pontomesencephalic lesion on magnetic resonance imaging. Caudal brainstem lesions may cause UBN in these disorders, probably by impairing the ventral tegmental tract.
Is interleukin‐27 a real candidate for immunotherapies of multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Matsumoto Yoh 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAs interleukin (IL)‐27 has immunosuppressive effects and blocks Th17 differentiation, some researchers have investigated the possibility of the use of IL‐27 for treatment of autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis. However, it has now been shown that the functions of IL‐27 are more pleomorphic than expected. Therefore, more detailed analysis is necessary before entering this phase.
Does salt exacerbate multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Takeuchi Hideyuki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTwo reports published in Nature provided provocative data implicating “salt” as an important exacerbating factor in the development of autoimmune diseases. High‐salt conditions enhanced the differentiation of pathogenic interleukin‐17‐producing helper T cells and accelerated the pathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice.