bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive analysis of contraceptive safety: Implications for gynecological health and education levels
Authors: Thakur Srishti , Mohi Manjit Kaur , Pathak Nayana , Jafra Pooja 
Published: August 2024

The use of contraceptives is essential for lowering the net reproduction rate and stabilizing population growth. Developing countries are characterized by high birth rates and rapid population growth. With lower contraceptive usage rates among eligible couples and resistance towards family planning methods, achieving population stabilization seems challenging. Therefore, this study aims to study the effects of various contraceptive methods on gynecological health and their safety profiles, The present observational study, was conducted in Department Obstetrics and Gynaecology at tertiary health care centre, Panjab, India. A total of 450 women were evaluated with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire to address knowledge, awareness, and perception of contraception among the rural and urban population in Punjab. The data were collected and analysed.All the participants were known to the traditional contraception and only few were aware about the modern contraception. Participants preferred tubal ligation (43.78%) over vasectomy (75.78%) and rarely considered hysterectomy (1.11%). Most knew about male condoms (99.56%) but fewer about female condoms (0.44%). Among the participants, 59.78% were aware of contraception side effects. Regarding condom use, opinions were divided, with 48.67% in favor and 51.33% against. Educated individuals were aware of contraception but not its major side effects. Therefore, we suggest investigating social, cultural, and knowledge aspects to improve understanding.
Endometrial pathology in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) & role of different techniques of endometrial sampling in evaluation of AUB: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Asalkar Mahesh , Rumani Ilaaf , Supe Mangal , Thakkarwad Smita , Ramesh Sinchana , Shete Sayali Shivkumar , Gautam Amrita 
Published: August 2024

: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), traditionally defined as uterine bleeding that is abnormal in volume, regularity, and/or timing. It affects 14–25% of women of reproductive age. AUB has a major impact on quality of life of women. Aetiology of AUB may be structural and functional and varies with the age group. Histology of endometrium remains the mainstay in diagnosis of pathology and management of AUB. Various techniques such as endometrial sampling by pipelle, dilatation and curettage (D & C) and hysteroscopy are used to obtain endometrium for histological diagnosis. A single center prospective cross-sectional study at teaching institute was carried out to include 150 females from 18-70 years presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Objective of study was to analyse prevalence of various endometrial pathologies in AUB, symptomatology as well as age wise distribution of various endometrial pathologies in AUB and compare feasibility of different techniques of collecting endometrial sample. Endometrial sample was obtained either by OPD Pipelle brush or Surgical Dilatation and Curettage method or hysteroscopy. Statistical Analysis was done by using Epi-Info-7 software.Commonest age group presenting with AUB was 41-50 (40%) years, 64% were para 3 or more, Proliferative and secretary changes, 53(35.3%) and 24(16%) cases while endometrial hyperplasia without atypia 18 (12%) cases and with atypia 7 cases (4.7%), endometrial carcinoma 5 cases (3.3%) while endometrial polyp was seen in 8 cases (5.3%). Heavy menstrual bleeding with normal duration was the commonest presentation in 64%. Endometrial sampling technical failure was seen in 2 cases with pipelle biopsy while in 7 cases inadequate sample was obtained with pipelle and dilatation and curettage. Uterine perforation was seen in one case which was managed conservatively.Technical failure and inadequate sample needs to be addressed considering background high risk factors, TVS imaging, repeat sample and use of hysteroscopy may be offered case to case basis.
Transporte de matacões e blocos por ondas no litoral brasileiro: desafio para a engenharia, realidade para a geomorfologia
Authors: Faria Antonio Paulo 
Published: August 2024

No Brasil foram construídos aproximadamente 300 km de enrocamentos para proteger o litoral das ondas de tempestades marinhas, conforme mensurações realizadas neste trabalho. Nas costas expostas e semiexpostas os enrocamentos de aterro, guia-correntes e quebra-mares estão passando por metamorfoses devido à ação das ondas, e alguns estão sendo destruídos. Isso foi provado porque algumas dessas estruturas de engenharia apresentam formas de cúspide produzidas pelo transporte de matacões e blocos pelas ondas. A maioria dos enrocamentos não tem cúspides, mas o transporte dos fragmentos de rocha é intenso e os processos de arredondamento estão fragilizando essas estruturas. Alguns estão se transformando em praias de matacões. Nos enrocamentos da Marina da Glória e do aeroporto Santos Dumont, situados em compartimento semiexposto da Baía de Guanabara, ondas acima de 2 m de altura transportaram blocos de até 3650 kg por 10 m de distância, até o topo dos enrocamentos situados entre 3 e 5 m acima do nível do mar. Matacões grandes pesando aproximadamente 1000 kg foram carreados por 60 m. Nos litorais expostos a taxa de transporte é maior por receberem ondas mais altas e com maior frequência. Entre agosto de 2016 e setembro de 2023 foram geradas 96 tempestades que produziram ondas com altura máxima (Hmax) entre 4 e 8 m no Rio de Janeiro, registradas pelas boias do sistema SiMCosta. No guia-corrente de Saquarema (RJ) blocos de até 5400 kg foram depositados a 3 m de altura e a 23 m de distância da água. As mensurações foram feitas com metodologia inédita que consiste em mapear matacões e blocos com incrustações de cracas e ostras, que se encontram acima da linha máxima de maré. Foi feito também o monitoramento da movimentação dos fragmentos de rocha com fotografias temporais tiradas de um mesmo ponto e mesmo ângulo. Os resultados podem dar subsídios para os projetos de engenharia costeira e ajudam a geomorfologia e a geologia a entender melhor a dinâmica das praias de matacões e praias de blocos da costa rochosa brasileira.
Modification and Study Biological Activity of Chitosan with Compounds Containing Azo Group
Authors: S. Saeed Ruwaidah , A. Hassan Huda , F. Hassan Dheefaf , S. Al-rawi Muna 
Published: August 2024

في البحث الحالي تم تحضير ودراسة النشاط الحيوي لسلسلة من البوليمرات الجديدة المحورة من الكيتوسان مع مركبات تحتوي على مجموعة الآزو. في البداية تم تحضير ملح الديازونيوم من تفاعل 3,3'-dimethyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine مع حامض الهيدروكلوريك المركز ونتريت الصوديوم .ثم تفاعل الازدواج بين ملح الديازونيوم مع الديهايدات اروماتية معوضة لإنتاج مشتقات الازو (1-6). ازو شف بيس كيتوسان((12-7 والتي حضرت من تفاعل الكيتوسان مع مشتقات الازو (1-6) في مذيب الايثانول مع قطرات من حامض الخليك الثلجي . التحويرات الهيكلية في موقع المجموعة الأمينية لحلقة الكيتوسان (المرتبطة بمجموعة الازو النشطة بايولوجيا ) كان من المتوقع أن يعطي مشتقات جديدة(7-12) ذات مجموعة واسعة من الأنشطة البيولوجية.
تم استخدام تحليلات FT-IR , 1H-NMR الطيفية والمسح الضوئي بالمجهر الإلكتروني لمسح الانبعاثات الميدانية لتوضيح هيكل هذه المركبات علاوة على ذلك ، تم فحص بعض المركبات الجديدة المحضرة والكيتوسان المحور للأنشطة المحتملة المضادة للبكتيريا ضد نوعين من البكتريا : البكتريا السالبة E.coli والبكتريا الموجبة Staphylococcus aureus .أظهرت كل هذه البوليمرات المحورة المستهدفة نشاطًا عاليا مقارنة بالبنسلين (المستخدم كمضاد حيوي مرجعي). وخصوصا البوليمر المحور رقم (7)الذي اظهر الذي أظهر تثبيطاً عالياً ضد كلا النوعين من البكتيريا Staphylococcus aureus وE.coli تم دراسة النشاط المضاد للسرطان للكيتوسان المحور (7) ضد خط خلايا سرطان الثدي البشري (MCF-7) باستخدام تقنية 3- (4،5-ثنائي ميثيل ثيازول-2-يل) -2،5-بروميد ثنائي فينيل تيترازوليوم (MTT) ومقارنته مع خط الخلايا الطبيعية ( خط الخلايا الكبدية البشرية WRL-68) حيث أظهر البوليمر (7) تثبيطًا عاليا للخلايا السرطانية وأقل سمية للخلايا الطبيعية
Integrated Management Model of Malaysian Private Tahfiz Centers for User Acceptance Satisfaction by Using Linear Regression
Authors: Abdul Hamid Mohammad Fahmi , Jofri Muhamad Hanif , Meerangani Khairul Azhar , Sharipp Muhammad Taufik Md , Ariffin Mohd Farhan Bin Md , Ayub Mohamad Shafiei , Raihan Ahmad Safwan 
Published: August 2024

تعليم تحفيظ هو أحد أكثر أشكال التعليم شعبية ومقبولة في ماليزيا. لقد تطورت عبر الزمن وهي متوفرة الآن في مراكز تحفيظ وكذلك في مؤسسات تحفيظ الحديثة. تعتبر إجراءات الحوكمة والمساءلة الفعالة مرغوبة للغاية في هذه الكيانات الإسلامية لأنها تتعامل مع واجب الوفاء بالالتزامات الدينية المقدسة. يستلزم نظام التعليم الإسلامي في ماليزيا اليوم اعتماد تقنية مبتكرة للتدريس والتعلم في تعليم وإدارة تحفيظ. يؤدي الافتقار إلى الموارد والبنية التحتية والمرافق إلى تفاقم حالة إدارة التعلم الخاصة بتحفيز. هدف البحث هذا باستخدام نموذج الإدارة المتكاملة لمراكز تحفيظ الخاصة الماليزية (I3M-Tahfiz) لكفاءة الرضا عن التعليم على المستوى العملي. بسبب تطبيق نموذج (I3M-Tahfiz) في مؤسسة تحفيظ عشوائية في ماليزيا ، سيكون التركيز على أساس رضا المستخدم. يتم استخدام النهج الشخصي للحصول على متوسط ​​نقاط الرأي (MOS) للمستخدمين من دراسة مراجعة قبول المستخدم. بعد إنشاء كل من النتائج التجريبية (MOS ) والموارد ، يتم استخدام نهج الانحدار الخطي لتحديد العلاقة بين قبول المستخدم والكيان الذي يسبب التأثير الرئيسي لكفاءة تحفيظ.
Lithospheric Folding Controls the Intracontinental Orogen of South China: Insight from Numerical Simulation
Authors: Su Jinbao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Orogenic processes worldwide have been attributed to various deformation mechanisms. However, the significance of lithospheric folding in these processes has often been overlooked and underestimated. Within the South China Block (SCB), a region marked by notable temporal and spatial variability in intracontinental deformation, the emergence of fold-and-thrust belts during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic periods has captured a scientific interest. The mechanisms governing the genesis of these belts remain a subject of debate, with no discernible subduction interface accounting for the extensive-scale fold-thrust deformation. Moreover, the SCB presents a substantial variation in lithospheric thickness, exceeding 100 km, offering a plausible mechanism for lithospheric folding. To interrogate this mechanism, we conducted lithospheric compression simulations via two-dimensional finite element methods, incorporating variable viscosity both laterally and vertically within the SCB. Our models elucidate that disparities in lithospheric strength beget distinctive deformational manifestation within the SCB. We observe that a weaker lithosphere tends to uplift, whereas a stronger lithosphere tends to subside during compression. Lithospheric strength also influences the Xuefengshan uplift and the spatial distribution of deformational features. In addition, lithospheric folding can account for crustal shortening and the presence of deep anomaly structures. A compelling correlation emerges between lithospheric folding and fluctuations in Moho depth and lithospheric thickness, suggesting its potential influence over the prolonged topographical evolution and shifts in depositional environments within the SCB. This study sheds new light on the role of lithospheric folding in the complex geodynamic history of the SCB and highlights its importance in understanding the broader context of orogenic processes worldwide.
Multi-stage Progressive Reasoning for Dunhuang Murals Inpainting
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Liu Baokai , Du Shiqiang , Shi Yuqing , Li Jiacheng , Wang Jianhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Dunhuang murals, treasured elements of our cultural heritage, have faced significant degradation due to prolonged environmental exposure, emphasizing an urgent need for sophisticated restoration methods. Current inpainting techniques, while valuable, often compromise the intricate balance between a mural's overall structure and its minute texture, leading to subpar restorations with blurred regions and inconsistencies. To address these shortcomings, our research introduces the Multi-Stage Progressive Reasoning Network (MPR-Net). Drawing inspiration from traditional manual restoration approaches, the MPR-Net integrates two specialized networks: the Structure Feature Reasoning Network (SFR) for primary structural restoration, and the Texture Feature Reasoning Network (TFR) for enhancing and refining the mural's detailed textures. Ensuring a seamless fusion of features across varying scales, our model also incorporates a Multi-Scale Feature Aggregation Module (MFA), optimizing the accuracy and richness of the inpainting process. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the effectiveness of the proposed method in image restoration is verified both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Nitrophenyl-Group-Containing Heterocycles. 2. Synthesis, Characterization, Anticancer Activity, Apoptotic Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest of Some New 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-isoquinolines Bearing 2-Nitrophenyl Group
Authors: Saddik Abdelreheem A. , Bakhite Etify A. , Hassanien Reda , Farhan Nasser , Sayed Eman M. , Sharaky Marwa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

In this work 7-Acetyl-4-cyano-1, 6-dimethyl-6-hydroxy-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrosoquinoline-3(2H)-thione compound 2 was synthesized and used as starting materials. Subsequently, Compounds 3–7 were produced through its reaction with ethyl iodide, ethyl chloroacetate, chloroacetonitrile, and chloroacetaldehyde. Additionally, compound 2 and 2-chloroacetamide were heated in ethanol with sodium acetate trihydrate present, resulting in the formation of 3-Substituted methylthio-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline-4-carbonitriles 9a–d, respectively. Similarly, compounds 2 and N-(1-naphthyl)-2-chloroacetamide reacted to produce high yields of the equivalent N-(1-naphthyl)-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroiso-quinolin-3-ylthio)acetamides 9e. Compounds 9a–e were cyclized into their 10a and d. Using elemental analysis and spectral data (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR). All newly synthesized compounds were described. The anticancer activity of the produced compounds was also assessed against eight cell lines at one spot concentration and one normal human skin fibroblast cell line HSF. Then determine the IC50 of our drugs against two specific cell lines using various doses. Compound 3 is the most effective chemical against HEGP2, according to our research. Compound 9c was also the most effective compound against HCT116. For generally, the tested substances showed moderate anticancer activity, according to the data. The effects of compound 3 on the proliferation of HEGP2 cell lines were then investigated using an apoptotic Annexin V-FITC assay and flow cytometry. Compound 3 increased the HEGP2 cell line's apoptosis by 50 times and caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
Improving measures of context in process evaluations: Development and use of the Context Tracker tool
Authors: Busza Joanna , Machingura Fortunate , Vuckovic Cedomir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Process evaluations are increasingly integrated into randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of complex interventions to document their delivery and interactions with local systems and dynamics, helping understand observed health outcomes. Yet process evaluations often struggle to assess relevant contextual determinants, leaving much of the important role of “context” in shaping an intervention’s mechanisms opaque in many studies. A lack of easily adapted data collection methods to help define and operationalise indicators of context likely contributes to this.
Methods
We present a method to help structure measures of context in process evaluations and describe its use in two very different settings. The “Context Tracker” is an innovative tool for use within trials and quasi-experiments to more systematically capture and understand key dimensions of context. It was developed in Zimbabwe as part of a cluster randomized controlled trial and then adapted for a quasi-experimental evaluation in the UK. Both studies provided harm reduction and health services for marginalised and hard-to-reach populations.
Results
We developed the Context Tracker to be both standardized (i.e. formatted and applied in the same way across study sites) and flexible enough to allow unique features to be explored in greater detail. Drawing on the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) and Risk Environments frameworks, we mapped 5 domains across micro, meso and macro levels in a simple table, and used existing evidence and experience to predict factors likely to affect delivery of and participation in intervention components. We tracked these over time across study sites using routine programme statistics, observation, and qualitative methods. The Context Tracker enables identification and comparison of facilitators and barriers to implementation, variations in engagement with interventions, and how mechanisms of action are (or are not) triggered in different settings.
Conclusions
The Context Tracker is one example of how evidence-based contextual determinants can be used to guide data collection and analysis within process evaluations. It is relevant in low- and high-income settings, and applicable to both qualitative and quantitative analyses. While perhaps most useful to process evaluations of complex interventions targeting marginalized communities, the broader approach would benefit a more general research audience.
Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility and Milk Production of Toggenburg Dairy Goats Fed on Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum) Basal Diet Supplemented With a Concentrate in Kenya
Authors: kiura joseph Ndwiga , Ondiek James Ombiro , Migwi Perminus Kirubiu , Guliye Abdi Yakub 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Dairy goats are an important source of nutritious milk. The main basal feeds for dairy goats in Kenya are Napier grass and crop residues that are low in nutrients, and therefore they need energy and protein supplementation to enhance milk production. Dairy meal is the main protein and energy supplement for dairy animals. Relevant information on the appropriate amount of dairy meal to supplement the basal diet to feed dairy goats, the daily total dry matter intake and milk production upon supplementation is scarce in Kenya. Therefore, a concentrate with a crude protein content of 160 gkg-1 DM and metabolizable energy content of 10 MJkg-1 DM was constituted to represent the dairy meal, and fed to lactating Toggenburg dairy goats on Napier grass basal diet, at supplementation levels of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/goat day-1 in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The basal and total dry matter intake by the goats were 0.86-0.99 and 0.99-1.31 kg DM/goat day-1, respectively, with a milk production of 306.8-476.9 mL/goat day-1. The dry matter and organic matter digestibility of the diets were 767-786 and 792-804 gkg-1 DM, respectively. It was concluded that farmers feed the energy and protein concentrate at 300 g/goat day-1, as it resulted in the highest daily milk production.
Comorbidity mechanisms of atherosclerosis and hashimoto's thyroiditis: A multiscale gene expression analysis based on microarray and single-cell sequencing
Authors: Ma Yirong , Wu Shuguang , Lai Junyu , Wan Qiang , Hu Jingxuan , Liu Yanhong , Zhou Ziyi , Wu Jianguang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease characterized by inflammation of the arterial wall and the formation of cholesterol plaques. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder marked by chronic inflammation and destruction of thyroid tissue. Although previous studies have identified common risk factors between AS and HT, the specific etiology and pathogenic mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear.
Method: We obtained relevant datasets for AS and HT from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). By employing the Limma package, we pinpointed common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and discerned co-expression modules linked to AS and HT via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). We elucidated gene functions and regulatory networks across various biological scenarios through enrichment and pathway analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Core genes were identified using Cytoscape software and further validated with external datasets. We also conducted immune infiltration analysis on these core genes utilizing the CIBERSORT method. Single-cell analysis was instrumental in uncovering common diagnostic markers. Lastly, we predicted potential drugs targeting these core genes using the DGIdb database.
Results: Based on differential analysis and WGCNA, we identified 119 candidate genes within the cohorts for AS and HT. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses indicate that these genes are significantly involved in antigen processing and presentation, along with various immune-inflammatory pathways. Two pivotal genes, PTPRC and TYROBP, were identified using five algorithms from the cytoHubba plugin. Validation through external datasets confirmed their substantial diagnostic value for AS and HT. Moreover, the results of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) indicated that these core genes are significantly enriched in various receptor interactions and signaling pathways. Immune infiltration analysis revealed a strong association of lymphocytes and macrophages with the pathogenesis of AS and HT. Single-cell analysis demonstrated predominant expression of the core genes in macrophages, monocytes, T cells, and CMP.
Conclusion: This study proposes that an aberrant immune response might represent a shared pathogenic mechanism in AS and HT. The genes PTPRC and TYROBP are identified as critical potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these comorbid conditions. Furthermore, the core genes and their interactions with immune cells could serve as promising targets for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Discovery of novel FtsZ inhibitors with antimicrobial activity by virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation
Authors: Luo Aoqi , Qian Chenliang , Zhang Zhengyu , Xia Jie , Jin Hongwei , Si Xinxin , Ma Shaojie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Filamentous temperature-sensitive protein Z (FtsZ) plays an important role in bacterial division, and the inhibition of normal physiological function of FtsZ can make a devastating effect on bacterial growth and proliferation, which making it an important antibacterial target. The inhibitor activity targeting the cleft between the H7 helix and the C-terminal substructural domain exhibited superior binding compared to the GTP binding site. Therefore, the discovery of inhibitors targeting the cleft as a binding site holds promise for further research. By performing virtual screening with the workflow mainly composed of pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking as well as the following FtsZ inhibition assay, we identified four compounds B6, B21, B26 and B31. Futher experiment showed that compound B6 and B26 possessed antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 8 µg-mL-1 and 32 µg-mL-1. In conclusion, our study successfully identified novel FtsZ inhibitors with antimicrobial activity through virtual screening and in vitro biological evaluation, demonstrating their potential for further investigation.