bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proper application of DNA dyes in agarose gel electrophoresis
Authors: Tuo Ling‐Jin , Zhang Teng , Chen Guo‐Qing , Liu Yuan , Zhao Cheng , Jiang Shi‐Wen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVarious dyes are used to visualize DNA bands in agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) by the methods of pre‐ or post‐staining. The DNA dye user's guides generally state that the binding of the dye to DNA will affect DNA mobility in electrophoresis, thus recommending post‐staining for accurate measurement of DNA size. However, many AGE performers prefer pre‐staining procedures for reasons such as convenience, real‐time observation of DNA bands, and/or the use of a minimal amount of dye. The detrimental effect of the dye on DNA mobility and the associated risk for inaccurate measurement of DNA size are often overlooked by AGE performers. Here we quantitatively determine the impact on DNA migration imposed by frequently used dyes, including GelRed, ethidium bromide (EB), and Gold View. It was observed that pre‐staining with GelRed and EB significantly slowed down DNA migration to cause as much as 39.1% overestimation on the size of sample DNA, whereas Gold View had little effect. The slowdown of DNA migration increased with dye concentration until it plateaued when the dye concentration reached a saturated level. Thus, to take advantage of pre‐staining, saturated levels of DNA dyes should always be applied for both DNA samples and DNA markers to ensure a fair comparison of DNA sizes. In addition, GelRed and EB display much higher sensitivity than Gold View in the detection of DNA bands in post‐staining. The saturated concentrations, cost considerations, and other useful features of these frequently used dyes are summarized for the information of AGE performers.
Exploration of benefits and performances of integration of semitransparent photovoltaics with buildings and infrastructure: A comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta Neha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article discusses how incorporating semitransparent photovoltaic (SPV) modules into buildings can reduce dependency on conventional energy sources, contributing to a shift toward renewable energy and self‐sustaining construction. It explores various ways to implement SPV technology in building and infrastructure design, and outlines the advantages, such as improved daylighting, thermal regulation, and energy efficiency. The analysis also considers how SPV integration affects energy and exergy performance, emphasizing its role in achieving net‐zero energy buildings. Additionally, the article identifies existing research gaps, providing guidance for future studies and practical applications in the building sector.
Evolution, sedimentation and thermal state of the emerging pro‐glacial lakes at Witenwasserengletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Hardmeier Florian , Schmidheiny Nicolas , Suremann Jeannine , Lüthi Martin , Vieli Andreas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs glaciers retreat worldwide, local basal depressions are exposed where new pro‐glacial lakes are forming. Although the formation of such new lakes has been mapped widely, the impact of their interaction with the glacier on sediment dynamics and the thermal state is rarely studied. At the example of Witenwasserengletscher, Switzerland, we use historic aerial imagery and a bathymetric survey to investigate in detail the interaction of glacier retreat, lake formation and sedimentation. Three lakes have emerged since the mid‐1990s with mean depths between 1.25 and 6 m. The deepest lake lost contact to the ice in 2009 with a delta forming from mobilized sub‐glacial sediment. Phases of direct contact of the glacier with the lakes are found to increase terminus retreat and affect the thermal state and sedimentation. In summer, lake water temperatures in these small ice‐contact lakes stay close to 0°C, whereas the disconnected eastern lake shows temperatures consistently over 6°C. Temperature profiles from 2021 show that after losing ice contact, warm sediment‐rich glacial water forms an underflow that is breaking through the summertime stratification with warm water over cold water. In this case, density stratification is dominated by suspended sediment rather than temperature. Sedimentation shows a high multiannual variability and is dependent on a multitude of factors, ultimately on the routing of glacial streams. These tend to migrate towards the centre of the valley as the glacier retreats. Our study shows that during deglaciation lake evolution, sediment redistribution and the thermal state are highly dynamic and pro‐glacial lakes strongly affect the sediment evolution and may thereby impact on the ecosystem in pro‐glacial streams.
Estimation of hybrid energy generation of solar‐wind tower for electric vehicle charging: A case study of Indian highway
Authors: Singh Samarendra Pratap , Tiwari Prabhakar , Singh S.N. , Singh Praveen Prakash 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdvances in non‐conventional energy technologies and increasing fossil fuel prices along with environmental concerns have made hybrid renewable energy systems important. In view of this scenario, solar panel mounted on a vertical axis wind turbine (called as solar‐wind tower) can be utilized to produce more electric energy than individual one. This solar‐wind tower will be located in the space available between two opposite roads of expressways/highways. Solar‐wind tower located in such a manner that the air velocity produced from driving vehicles on both sides of the road is adequate to cut the turbine blades which will produce unidirectional torque. A battery energy storage system (BESS) stores the power produced by the solar‐wind tower so that it can subsequently be used for local loads and electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) and remaining energy can be supplied to the grid. In this work, a hybrid system composed of wind and solar is designed and modelled in Simulink (MATLAB) and tested on real data of wind speed and validated by Opal‐RT simulator. From the simulation result, it is estimated that total electrical power output of a single solar‐wind tower is around 15 to 20 kWh in a day under the assumed conditions.
Traditional home garden agro‐biodiversity dynamics, agro‐ecosystem services, and management practices in smallholder farmers setting, South‐Central Ethiopia
Authors: Yaregal Yihunie , Sime Getachew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional home gardens are rich in agro‐biodiversity and are crucial for improving and diversifying the livelihood of smallholder farmers. Though many researches are carried out on home gardens in tropical regions, there are only few studies on the dynamics of traditional home gardens, agro‐ecosystem services, indigenous management practices, and roles in mitigating climate shocks, which is the objective of the present study. For the same purpose, three sites were purposively selected out of which 308 sample smallholder households were chosen using a simple random sampling technique for a household survey. Key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations were also used to collect data for cross‐checking the data collected through the house hold survey. Results demonstrate that there was a wide‐ranging diversity of crops in traditional home garden landscape. Both annual and perennial crops were incorporated into the home gardens to enhance their multiple agro‐ ecosystem services, including enhancing resilience to climate shocks. They ranged from herbaceous to large trees and food to cash crops. The primary agro‐ecosystem services that the home garden agro‐biodiversity delivered were diversifying the sources of food, income, and medicine, as well as improving food security. Home gardens were largely managed by indigenous knowledge, including hand weeding, manure and compost application, nursery preparation, fencing, and flood run‐off control. The agro‐biodiversity in traditional home gardens is more diverse, dynamic, and resilient to climate shocks. Nonetheless, they are neglected hotspots of agro‐biodiversity and sociocultural diversity. In conclusion, the agro‐biodiversity in traditional home gardens promotes food availability, accessibility, and utilization virtually all year round as well as contributes to the preservation of agricultural genetic and cultural diversity.
Date yogurt supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) encapsulated in wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage and sodium alginate by extrusion: The survival and viability against the gastrointestinal condition, cold storage, heat, and salt with low pH
Authors: Abbasi Saadi Mahsa , Sekhavatizadeh Seyed Saeed , Barzegar Hassan , Alizadeh Behbahani Behrooz , Mehrnia Mohammad Amin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of probiotics in providing health benefits may be related to their ability to survive at a sufficient concentration of 106 CFU/g during storage in food and colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Microencapsulation is a viable method to improve the survivability of probiotics under harsh environmental conditions. In this research, microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MLR) was produced by a two‐layer extrusion technique with sodium alginate and wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage (SMM) in varying concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 0.8% as the first and second wall materials, respectively. The microencapsulation efficiency and second layer diameter of beads increased significantly with the increase in SMM concentrations. Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) maintained its minimal concentration (6 log CFU/g) during 9 min at 72°C. The MLR‐date yogurt (DY) sample had the lowest pH, highest acidity, and highest survival rate among the others at the end of storage. In simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGC), the survival rates of free LR (FLR) and MLR were 45% and 47% on the 14th day of storage, respectively. In sensory properties, MLR had the highest score in odor and texture parameters but not in others. The MLR viscosity (666.3 mPa·s−1) and SEM images show a relatively denser structure for MLR. In conclusion, this study emphasized the potential of using double‐layered beads to protect probiotics, providing valuable inspiration for developing new functional foods with higher survival ability in harsh conditions.
Research on preventive effect of Akkermansia muciniphilaAKK PROBIO on acute gouty arthritis in mice
Authors: Ma Xin , Zhu Na , Yu Xueping , Wang Wei , Wu Wenzhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn mice with acute gouty arthritis, this study intends to examine the mechanism of action of Akkermansia muciniphila AKK PROBIO. We developed a mouse model of acute gouty arthritis using sodium urate. The efficiency and mechanism of AKK PROBIO in preventing acute gouty arthritis in mice were then determined by examining the degree of foot swelling, pain threshold, blood biochemical indicators, histological alterations, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression changes. The results of the animal experiment showed that AKK PROBIO can lessen mouse foot edema severity and increase pain threshold. AKK PROBIO can enhance the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of glutathione (GSH) in the ankle joint tissues of mice with acute arthritis while decreasing the enzyme activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Interleukin 6 (IL‐6), interleukin 10 (IL‐10), interleukin 1 beta (IL‐1β), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) levels are all reduced by AKK PROBIO in the blood of mice with acute arthritis. Results from histopathology showed that AKK PROBIO reduced tissue damage in the mouse ankle and foot joints. In the tissues of the ankle joints of mice with acute arthritis, the results of the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot experiments suggested that AKK PROBIO may inhibit the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the tissues. AKK PROBIO can also regulate gut microbiota, inhibit harmful bacteria, and enhance valeric acid in the intestine, isobutyric acid, and isovaleric acid. Therefore, it is evident that AKK PROBIO prevents acute gouty arthritis better than glucosamine sulfate. It is a strain that has probiotic potential.
Photosynthesis Characterization of Mutant Algae and Enhanced Carbon Fixation of Algae–Bacteria Symbiosis Treating Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Zhao Pengsha , Liu Xinying , Wang Zheng , Min Jie , Dang Yan , Hong Yu , Sun Dezhi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAlgae–bacteria symbiosis (ABS) as a sustainable wastewater treatment process has drawn mounting attention. However, nontrivial CO2 emissions were still present in municipal wastewater treatment due to the inadequate carbon fixation efficiency of microalgae under low carbon level. The obtained UV‐induced mutant Chlorella vulgaris MIHL4 performed higher carbon fixation capability (14.5%) and biomass productivity (25.3%) with improved photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and enzyme activities compared to wild‐type C. vulgaris. Transcriptome analyses showed pathways related to the carbon fixation and carbon catabolism were significantly up‐regulated in MIHL4. Compared with ABS inoculated with wild‐type C. vulgaris, CO2 emissions were significantly reduced by 32.1%–38.3% in ABS inoculated with MIHL4, where the biomass growth, metabolic activity, and sludge granulation were enhanced. Chlorella responsible for carbon fixation was the dominant population (19.3%) in ABS inoculated with MIHL4, in which the abundance of functional microbes and genes associated with photosynthesis as well as nutrient removal increased.
Astrocyte‐derived factors regulate CNS myelination
Authors: Seiler Sybille , Rudolf Franziska , Gomes Filipa Ramilo , Pavlovic Anto , Nebel Jana , Seidenbecher Constanze I. , Foo Lynette C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe role that astrocytes play in central nervous system (CNS) myelination is poorly understood. We investigated the contribution of astrocyte‐derived factors to myelination and revealed a substantial overlap in the secretomes of human and rat astrocytes. Using in vitro myelinating co‐cultures of primary retinal ganglion cells and cortical oligodendrocyte precursor cells, we discovered that factors secreted by resting astrocytes, but not reactive astrocytes, facilitated myelination. Soluble brevican emerged as a new enhancer of developmental myelination in vivo, CNS and its absence was linked to remyelination deficits following an immune‐mediated damage in an EAE mouse model. The observed reduction of brevican expression in reactive astrocytes and human MS lesions suggested a potential link to the compromised remyelination characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Our findings suggested brevican's role in myelination may be mediated through interactions with binding partners such as contactin‐1 and tenascin‐R. Proteomic analysis of resting versus reactive astrocytes highlighted a shift in protein expression profiles, pinpointing candidates that either facilitate or impede CNS repair, suggesting that depending on their reactivity state, astrocytes play a dual role during myelination.
Decreased expression of p53 is associated with down expression of zyxin in breast cancer
Authors: Rostampour Rezvan , Bahremand Kiana , Mohammadi Hossein , Roghani Seyed Askar , Shakiba Ebrahim , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Asadi Soheila 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsBreast cancer (BC) is considered one of the most common malignant tumors leading to death in women, and genetic factors have a crucial role in BC pathogenesis. Zyxin (ZYX) is one of these factors that may be important in p53 level and function. Thus, the present work aimed to investigate the ZYX gene and protein expression in tumor tissue and matched margin tissue and its correlation with the p53 expression.MethodsIn a present case‐control study, 30 tumors and 30 matched margin tissues were obtained from Iran Tumor Bank/Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis techniques were applied to evaluate the genes and protein expression, respectively.ResultsThe data showed that expression of the ZYX gene in tumor tissues significantly decreased (p = 0.0274) compared to matched margin tissues. In contrast, the p53 gene expression in tumor tissues had no significant difference with matched margin tissues. Additionally, we observed that ZYX and p53 genes expression in tumor tissues of estrogen receptor‐positive patients had significant elevation than estrogen receptor‐negative patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The data of the western blot analysis technique showed that protein expression of ZYX (p = 0.0024) and P53 protein (p = 0.0218) in tumor tissues was significantly reduced compared to matched margin tissues. Additionally, our analysis showed a direct and significant correlation between the expression of ZYX and p53 proteins (r = 0.7797, p = 0.0126) and expression of ZYX and p53 genes (r = 0.3079, p = 0.0187).ConclusionBased on our observation, ZYX might have a tumor suppressor role and is associated with p53.
A rare case of acute cerebellitis due to enterovirus treated with therapeutic plasma exchange: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Akçay Nihal , Topal Neval , Semerci Seda Yılmaz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute cerebellitis is a rare complication of pediatric infections. There are many reports that viral infections lead to neurological manifestations, including acute cerebellitis.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted for pediatric patients diagnosed with enterovirus cerebellitis between 2000 and 2024. The methods involved reviewing clinical and radiological records and assessing the treatment methods.ResultsCase ReportWe present the case of a 4‐year‐old immunocompetent child who initially presented with acute encephalopathy followed by truncal ataxia, and eventually received a diagnosis of postinfectious cerebellitis. Enterovirus real‐time polymerase chain reaction were positive in the nasopharyngeal swab. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was started due to neurological deterioration despite IVIG treatment. She improved significantly with TPE, and methylprednisolone treatment and was discharged in good health status. The patient is being followed up as neurologically normal.ConclusionAcute cerebellitis associated with enterovirus is a rare pediatric disorder. Early diagnosis and treatment with TPE in this severe case is thought to be preventive for the potentially fatal complications.
A versatile precursor for one‐pot synthesis of novel azo‐thiazole and thiazole scaffolds as prospective antimicrobial and antioxidant agents
Authors: Alamshany Zahra M. , Tashkandi Nada Y. , Othman Ismail M. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present a simple method for preparing a new series of thiazoles with excellent isolated yields. To synthesize the target thiazole scaffolds, a straightforward one‐pot procedure was developed including an amine‐mediated reaction of isoxazolethiazolidin‐4‐one derivative, thiosemicarbazide, and appropriate hydrazonyl chlorides. The reaction conditions for this one‐pot protocol were optimized by experimenting with different solvents and amines. The best results were achieved by conducting the reaction in dioxane with triethylamine at 100°C for 5 h. The structures of the desired products were proved by different elemental analyses and spectral data. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of all target derivatives was assessed against various types of microorganisms. The results observed indicated that the antimicrobial activity of the thiosemicarbazone derivative 2 was the strongest activity among the new series, with MIC values ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.98 ± 0.15 μg/mL. Moreover, antioxidant evaluations were conducted on all the desired targets, using ascorbic acid as a reference drug. Significantly, derivatives 2 and 10 demonstrated the most promising antioxidant inhibitory effects. Additionally, further toxicity studies were performed on the most active novel compounds, revealing their best drug‐like properties and varying toxicity risks in humans.
Clinical Characteristics of Moxifloxacin‐Related Arrhythmias and Development of a Predictive Nomogram: A Case Control Study
Authors: Li Peng , Zhu Man , Gao Ao , Guo Haili , Fu An , Zhao Anqi , Guo Daihong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of moxifloxacin‐related arrhythmias and electrocardiographic alterations in hospitalized patients using real‐world data. Concurrently, a nomogram was established and validated to provide a practical tool for prediction. Retrospective automatic monitoring of inpatients using moxifloxacin was performed in a Chinese hospital from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, to obtain the incidence of drug‐induced arrhythmias and electrocardiographic alterations. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance confounders and analyze clinical characteristics. Based on the risk and protective factors identified through logistic regression analysis, a prediction nomogram was developed and internally validated using the Bootstrap method. Arrhythmias and electrocardiographic alterations occurred in 265 of 21,711 cases taking moxifloxacin, with an incidence of 1.2%. Independent risk factors included medication duration (odds ratio [OR] 1.211, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.156‐1.270), concomitant use of meropenem (OR 4.977, 95% CI 2.568‐9.644), aspartate aminotransferase >40 U/L (OR 3.728, 95% CI 1.800‐7.721), glucose >6.1 mmol/L (OR 2.377, 95% CI 1.531‐3.690), and abnormally elevated level of amino‐terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (OR 2.908, 95% CI 1.640‐5.156). Concomitant use of cardioprotective drugs (OR 0.430, 95% CI 0.220‐0.841) was a protective factor. The nomogram showed good differentiation and calibration, with enhanced clinical benefit. The incidence of moxifloxacin‐related arrhythmias and electrocardiographic alterations is in the range of common. The nomogram proves valuable in predicting the risk in the moxifloxacin‐administered population, offering significant clinical applications.
Do Not Let the Beginning Trap you! On Inhibition, Associative Creative Chains, and Hopfield Neural Networks
Authors: Mtenga Ronald , Bode Mathias , Khalil Radwa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTCreative thinking stems from the cognitive process that fosters the creation of new ideas and problem‐solving solutions. Artificial intelligence systems and neural network models can reduce the intricacy of understanding creative cognition. For instance, the generation of ideas could be symbolized as patterns of binary code in which clusters of neurons synchronize their firing and store information inside a neural network, forming connections based on correlation. The Hopfield neural network (HNN) is a simple model known for its biological plausibility in storing and retrieving neuron patterns. We implemented certain modifications to HNN as a step toward the larger framework of creative thinking‐based association. These modifications included introducing pattern weights control, which provides a robust representation for content addressable memory and conceptual links in stored data. We identified two mechanisms controlling the transition from analytical to associative‐based thinking. The first mechanism refers to the activation threshold of neurons, which acts as an on/off switch for the network. The second was the inhibition of stored concepts, similar to an on/off switch that guides the network to search for associative links and when to stop. Our findings suggest that neurons step back from the contextual focus and find alternatives when analytical thinking is insufficient. These alternatives are linked to seemingly unrelated ideas, using inhibition as an analogy to the hyperparameters. Using hyperparameters to inhibit the stored patterns, we could control the creation of associative links.