bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield of coeliac screening in abdominal pain‐associated functional gastrointestinal system disorders
Authors: Kansu Aydan , Kuloğlu Zarife , Demir Arzu , Yaman Aytaç ,   the Turkish Celiac Study Group
Published: June 2015

AimChronic abdominal pain (CAP) in childhood is common and in the majority functional. While CAP is one of the complaints of coeliac disease (CD), whether CAP as a sole complaint is indicative of CD is unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between CAP and CD.MethodsThe study was conducted on 1047 children (61.1% female, mean age 9.6 ± 4.1 years) with CAP. Patients were evaluated according to the Rome III criteria. Patients with alarm symptoms and conditions known to be associated with CD were excluded. Patients were screened for CD using a rapid tissue transglutaminase (tTG) test; positive cases were tested by tTG ELISA, and duodenal biopsies were obtained if tTG was above the normal limit.ResultsFunctional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional abdominal pain (FAP) were diagnosed in 384 (36.7%), 274 (26.2%) and 389 (37.2%) patients, respectively. In 13 patients, the tTG rapid test was positive; 10 were also positive for tTG by ELISA and histopathological evaluations diagnosed CD in all 10 patients. The overall prevalence of CD was 0.95% (2.2%, 0.5% and 0.5% in patients with IBS, FD and FAP, respectively). The prevalence of CD in patients with IBS was higher than expected but with borderline statistical significance (P = 0.053).ConclusionsCD is found as common in children with FD and FAP as in the general population. CD was more commonly diagnosed in IBS patients with borderline statistical significance. We suggest that particular attention be paid to children with IBS.
Geographical variation in the incidence of childhood leukaemia in Manitoba
Authors: Torabi Mahmoud , Singh Harminder , Galloway Katie , Israels Sara J 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIdentification of geographical areas and ecological factors associated with higher incidence of childhood leukaemias can direct further study for preventable factors and location of health services to manage such individuals.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the geographical variation and the socio‐demographic factors associated with childhood leukaemia in Manitoba.MethodsInformation on childhood leukaemia incidence between 1992 and 2008 was obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry and the socio‐demographic characteristics for the area of residence from the 2006 Canadian Census. Bayesian spatial Poisson mixed models were used to describe the geographical variation of childhood leukaemia and to determine the association between childhood leukaemia and socio‐demographic factors.ResultsThe south‐eastern part of the province had a higher incidence of childhood leukaemia than other parts of the province. In the age and sex‐adjusted Poisson regression models, areas with higher proportions of visible minorities and immigrant residents had higher childhood leukaemia incidence rate ratios. In the saturated Poisson regression model, the childhood leukaemia rates were higher in areas with higher proportions of immigrant residents. Unemployment rates were not a significant factor in leukaemia incidence.ConclusionIn Manitoba, areas with higher proportions of immigrants experience higher incidence rates of childhood leukaemia. We have identified geographical areas with higher incidence, which require further study and attention.
Sleep concerns in children and young people with cerebral palsy in their home setting
Authors: McCabe Susan M , Blackmore A Marie , Abbiss Chris R , Langdon Katherine , Elliott Catherine 
Published: June 2015

AimsThe aims were to identify in‐home concerns about sleep in children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP) across age and Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) levels.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of clinical notes of 154 children and young people with CP, aged 1–18 years (M = 7.8; standard deviation = 5.4) who received a home‐based sleep service. Reported concerns were synthesised, for analysis according to age groups (1–5, 6–13, 14–18) and GMFCS levels.ResultsSixteen factors of concern were derived from the home‐based assessment reports. Most children and young people had multiple factors of concern. These varied across age groups and GMFCS levels. Body position was of concern across all age groups, for over 90% at GMFCS levels IV and V, and for 10% at GMFCS level I. Settling routines were of concern for more than 90% at GMFCS levels I and II, but for less than 50% at GMFCS levels IV and V. Settling routines were of concern to over 65% of those under 6 years but less than 25% of those over 14 years. Conversely, pain and pressure care concerned less than 10% of children under 6, and more than 35% of those over 14 years.ConclusionsConcerns about sleep vary across ages and GMFCS levels of children and young people with CP. Concerns relate to impairment of body structure and function, activity, environment, and personal supports. Multi‐disciplinary, home‐based assessment and interventions are recommended to address these concerns.
Visa refusal following compulsory hospital admission under the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales): fact or fiction?
Authors: Ashmore R. 
Published: June 2015

Accessible summary
Historically, compulsory hospital admission led to discrimination for service users. For example, until recently detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 (England and Wales) would disqualify a person from being a Member of Parliament.
There is a belief among mental health professionals that compulsory hospital admission will result in service users being refused a tourist visa. However, there is a paucity of literature on this topic, particularly from an international perspective.

Based on the information reviewed in this study, there is no evidence to support this belief. Of 262 travel destinations, 96 (36.6%) require British citizens to obtain a tourist visa. Six (2.3%) destinations require applicants to declare a mental health condition in order to obtain a tourist visa. None of these destinations ask applicants to declare a history of compulsory hospital admission. However, the possibility exists that anyone declaring a mental health problem may be asked to provide further information about their condition before a visa is granted.

Mental health nurses require education to ensure that their knowledge of mental health legislation is up to date. This education should include information on the potential consequences of compulsory hospital admission for the service user's social life following discharge.
Service users and their families should be provided with written information on the potential social impact of detention along with a list of organizations that can provide advice on specific issues.
AbstractThis study sought to establish whether a history of compulsory hospital admission prevented a person from obtaining a tourist visa. A visa application form and/or other relevant information were obtained for 262 travel destinations visited by British citizens. Ninety‐six (36.6%) destinations require British citizens to obtain a tourist visa. All visas are issued subject to travellers meeting a number of conditions, for example being in possession of travel insurance. Six (2.3%) destinations (Australia, China, Guam, Puerto Rico, Russia and the USA) ask applicants to declare a mental health condition. None of these destinations require applicants to disclose whether they have been admitted to hospital, either informal or under a section of the Mental Health Act 1983. However, the possibility exists that anyone declaring a mental health problem may be asked to provide further information about their condition before a visa is granted. Mental health professionals need to acquire accurate knowledge of the potential consequences of compulsory hospital admission. This will enable them to support service users more effectively. Similarly, service users need to be aware of the implications of detention for their social life following discharge from hospital. Further research is required in this area, particularly from an international perspective.
Attitudes towards mental illness of nursing students in a Baccalaureate programme in Jamaica: a questionnaire survey
Authors: Bennett J. , Stennett R. 
Published: June 2015

Accessible summary
Negative attitudes towards people with mental illness exist across all nations and cultures. People with mental illness experience the most discrimination from health professionals. This impacts negatively on the illness experience and results in poorer outcomes. The social and political climate and the culture of countries are strong determinants of tolerance and stigma of people with mental illness. The country in which a nurse practices is the most influential factor in predicting their attitudes to mental illness.
In Jamaica, the most common response to mental illness is fear of dangerousness; however, in recent years, there has been some improvement in tolerance and attitudes. There are no studies that have explored whether these attitudes are held by nursing students.
This paper provides baseline evidence that some student nurses in Jamaica hold negative attitudes towards mental illness, particularly, a perception that people with mental illness are dangerous.
Negative attitudes and staff criticism is known to be associated with poorer patient functioning and overall outcomes. Fewer nurses view mental health nursing as a possible career choice.
AbstractThere is longstanding evidence of nurses demonstrating negative attitudes towards people with mental illness. Student nurses' fear or discomfort with mentally ill patients results in poorer outcomes for patients and students' dissatisfaction with their experience of mental health nursing. There is evidence of negative attitudes towards mental illness in the Jamaican society; however, no studies have explored whether these attitudes are held by nursing students. The aim of the study was to examine the attitudes of nursing students towards mental illness. A questionnaire survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 143 third‐year nursing students who were enrolled in a baccalaureate programme. Data were collected using the Attitudes Towards Acute Mental Health Scale (ATAMHS). A response rate of 71% was achieved for the survey. The findings indicated that the student nurses held an overall negative attitude towards mental illness, with a general perception that mentally ill people are dangerous. The student nurses were divided in their opinions in a number of areas, suggesting a possible conflict of opinions. Negative attitudes towards mental illness impact client outcomes and the career choices made by nurses. This study provides baseline data within the Jamaican context that adds to the evidence on nursing students' attitude to mental illness. Further research is needed to explore whether nursing education and clinical experience enables student nurses in Jamaica to develop a more positive attitude towards mental illness and mental health nursing and whether cultural factors contribute to negative attitudes.
Subgingival bacterial community profiles in HIV‐infected Brazilian adults with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Ferreira D. C. , Gonçalves L. S. , Siqueira J. F. , Carmo F. L. , Santos H. F. , Feres M. , Figueiredo L. C. , Soares G. M. , Rosado A. S. , dos Santos K. R. N. , Colombo A. P. V. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectiveTo compare the subgingival microbial diversity between non‐HIV‐infected and HIV‐infected individuals with chronic periodontitis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).Material and MethodsThirty‐two patients were selected: 11 were HIV‐infected and 21 were non‐HIV‐infected, and all had chronic periodontitis. Periodontal measurements included probing depth, clinical attachment level, visible supragingival biofilm and bleeding on probing. Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from periodontal sites (50% with probing depth ≤ 4 mm and 50% with probing depth ≥ 5 mm) and whole‐genomic‐amplified DNA was obtained. The DNA samples were subjected to amplification of a 16S rRNA gene fragment using universal bacterial primers, followed by DGGE analysis of the amplified gene sequences.ResultsThe non‐HIV‐infected group presented higher mean full‐mouth visible supragingival biofilm (p = 0.004), bleeding on probing (p = 0.006), probing depth (p < 0.001) and clinical attachment level (p = 0.001) in comparison with the HIV‐infected group. DGGE analysis revealed 81 distinct bands from all 33 individuals. Banding profiles revealed a higher diversity of the bacterial communities in the subgingival biofilm of HIV‐infected patients with chronic periodontitis. Moreover, cluster and principal component analyses demonstrated that the bacterial community profiles differed between these two conditions. High interindividual and intra‐individual variability in banding profiles were observed for both groups.ConclusionHIV‐infected patients with chronic periodontitis present greater subgingival microbial diversity. In addition, the bacterial communities associated with HIV‐infected and non‐HIV‐infected individuals are different in structure.
Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of kidneys in healthy adult cats: preliminary results
Authors: Garcia P. H. S. , Feliciano M. A. R. , Carvalho C. F. , Crivellenti L. Z. , Maronezi M. C. , Almeida V. T. , Uscategui R. R. , Vicente W. R. R. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVESTo describe acoustic radiation impulse force elastography in evaluation of kidneys of adult cats.MATERIALS AND METHODSTen healthy adult short‐haired cats were included. Echogenicity and texture, cortico‐medullary relationship, size and edges of kidney were assessed by B‐mode and by qualitative elastography to detect the presence of deformities and shear velocities of different portions (cranial, middle and caudal of cortex and medulla).RESULTSFindings of ultrasonography were normal in all cats. Qualitative elastography demonstrated that the renal cortex was not deformable and had homogeneous dark gray areas; the renal pelvis had lower stiffness (white); and the medulla showed a mosaic pattern. The results of shear wave velocity were different in cranial, middle and caudal regions of cortex and medulla: 2·46 ±0·45, 2·46 ±0·48 and 2·37 ±0·42 (P=0·795) in cortex and 1·61 ±0·69, 1·75 ±0·66 and 2·00 ±0·55 m/s (P=0·156) in medulla, respectively.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEQuantitative and qualitative acoustic radiation impulse force elastography of the kidney in adult cats was easily performed and this study provides base line data to allow the use of acoustic radiation impulse force in diseased animals.
Sighs and Groans: Attending to the Passions in Early Modern Prayer
Authors: Tsentourou Naya 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStudies on early modern passions in the last two decades have focused on the body as the site of subjectivity but they have rarely taken into account the role of the body in the context of private prayer and the sighs and groans it is meant to produce in addressing the divine. Studies on seventeenth‐century prayer, on the other hand, have started to consider gesture and voice in devotion, yet they tend to interpret discussions of physiological expression as purely metaphorical. This article examines the widespread phenomenon of sighing and groaning in prayer as both a cognitive and a sensitive experience in order to demonstrate how early modern writers imagined sighs and groans as symptoms and agents of passions simultaneously, blending in the process anatomical and theological discourses. This new methodology raises questions about the subjectivity of early modern petitioners, their experience of the distance with the divine and finally the soundscape of private prayer.
Translating theRagionamento: Reframing Pietro Aretino as the Castigator of Courtesans
Authors: De Rycker Kate 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPietro Aretino (1492–1556) was one of the first Italian writers to make a living from the printing press and had built his fame during his lifetime to such an extent that he had become notorious across Europe as the ‘scourge of princes’. In the century after his death, however, Aretino's reputation as a controversial figure changed until, like Machiavelli, his name had became synonymous with Italian vice in the minds of foreign readers. This article will trace a network of translations which were made of one of Aretino's most popular texts: theSei Giornate, which was reduced to only one third of its original size, and which focused on the lives of whores. I argue that the accumulation of these translations, which all reframed the text as a warning to young men against the dangers of prostitutes, also helped to transform and domesticate the author Aretino from an observer of courtesans into their castigator, through a process of cultural translation.
Nothing is Hidden: Contextualism and the Grammar‐Meaning Interface
Authors: Hinzen Wolfram 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA defining assumption in the debate on contextual influences on truth‐conditional content is that such content is often incompletely determined by what is specified in linguistic form. The debate then turns on whether this is evidence for positing a more richly articulated logical form or else a pragmatic process of free enrichment that posits truly unarticulated constituents that are unspecified in linguistic form. Questioning this focus on semantics and pragmatics, this article focuses on the independent grammatical dimensions of the problem. Against the background of a principled account of the different ways in which the lexicon and the grammar, respectively, determine aspects of propositional meaning, and an uncontentious notion of content, nothing turns out to be ‘missing’ in grammatical expressions in order for them to encode complete propositional thoughts. As this predicts, when putatively hidden constituents are made overt or are otherwise added, propositions result that are systematically different from the thoughts originally expressed. Context, while potentially affecting lexically specified aspects of meaning, never affects grammar‐determined ones, suggesting a specific role for grammar in the normal cognitive mode.
Quotation and Unquotation in Free Indirect Discourse
Authors: Maier Emar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractI argue that free indirect discourse should be analyzed as a species of direct discourse rather than indirect discourse. More specifically, I argue against the emerging consensus among semanticists, who analyze it in terms of context shifting. Instead, I apply the semantic mechanisms of mixed quotation and unquotation to offer an alternative analysis where free indirect discourse is essentially a quotation of an utterance or thought, but with unquoted tenses and pronouns.
Time‐varying maximal proteinuria correlates with adverse cardiovascular events and graft failure in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Jeon Hee Jung , Kim Clara Tammy , An Jung Nam , Lee Hajeong , Kim Hyosang , Park Su‐Kil , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Jung In Mok , Ahn Curie , Kim Yon Su , Kim Young Hoon , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimIn the general population, proteinuria is associated with progression to kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Here, we analyzed the effects of proteinuria on outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, multi‐centre cohort study involving 2047 recipients to evaluate the effects of post‐transplant proteinuria on adverse cardiovascular events, graft failure, and mortality. Patients were classified into two groups according to their levels of proteinuria: patients without proteinuria (<150 mg/day, n = 1113) and proteinuric patients (≥150 mg/day, n = 934). Multivariate Cox hazard model was conducted with using the maximal proteinuria as time‐varying covariate.ResultsDuring a median 55.3‐month (range, 0.6–167.1) follow‐up, there were 50 cases of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization), 115 cases of graft failure, and 52 patient deaths. In multivariate Cox regression with time‐varying covariate, proteinuric recipients were significantly associated with major adverse cardiac events (hazard ratio [HR] 8.689, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.929–25.774, P < 0.001) compared to those without proteinuria. Recipients with proteinuria showed significantly higher incidences of acute rejection (23.1% vs. 9.4%, P < 0.001) and graft failure rate (HR 6.910, 95% CI 3.270–14.601, P < 0.001). In addition, mortality rate was also significantly higher in patients with proteinuria (HR 6.815, 95% CI 2.164–21.467, P = 0.001).ConclusionPost‐transplant proteinuria correlates with adverse cardiovascular events, graft failure, and mortality. Therefore, proteinuria should be evaluated and managed to improve the outcomes of renal recipients.
Hermeneutics and pragmatism offer a way of exploring the consequences of advanced assessment
Authors: Zambas Shelaine I. , Smythe Elizabeth A. , Koziol‐McLain Jane 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLinking specific nursing actions to outcomes in the healthcare setting is challenging. Patient outcomes are varied and influenced by a myriad of factors, and always involve a wider team than any one nurse. It is difficult to control for a single action or set of actions of a particular nurse. Furthermore, practice is seldom about any ‘one’ action, for one thing leads to another, all within a complex interplay of influencing factors. In this article, we outline a research method which combined Dewey's pragmatism with Gadamer's hermeneutics to explore the consequences of the nurse's use of advanced assessment skills in the acute care setting of medical and surgical wards. This pragmatic hermeneutic methodological approach allowed the complex interplay of influences to be revealed in the unfolding story. Reflection of the nurse brought insights that may otherwise have been passed over. The philosophical notions of Dewey drew attention to the play of ‘means’ and ‘ends’. A hermeneutic approach that calls for ‘thinking’ extends understanding and raises insights that can inform education and practice.