bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Pre-Operative Hip Range of Motion under General Anaesthesia
Authors: Fujishiro Takaaki , Hayashi Shinya , Kanzaki Noriyuki , Hashimoto Shingo , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kanno Taiki , Masuda Takeshi 
Published: March 2013

Hip range of motion (ROM) may be an important pre-operative variable, however, measurement of hip ROM can be affected by various factors. The purposes of this study were to compare conventional pre-operative ROM measurements with those measurements obtained under general anaesthesia, and to better define the associations between pre-operative hip ROM, and demographic, functional, and diagnostic variables. Conventional pre-operative hip ROM and ROM under general anaesthesia were prospectively measured in 471 hips. Harris pain score, the Crowe classification, and the diagnosis were also investigated. The hip ROM in all directions under general anaesthesia was significantly greater than conventional pre-operative hip ROM. There were correlations between conventional pre-operative hip ROM and the Harris hip pain score. Hip ROM with Crowe type I deformity under anaesthesia was significantly greater than in hips with type II, III or IV. ROM under anaesthesia of osteonecrosis hips was significantly greater than osteoarthritis and dislocated hips. Conventional pre-operative ROM in men was greater in flexion and external rotation compared to women. Internal rotation motion in women in both conventional pre-operative ROM and ROM under anaesthesia was greater than in men. Hip pain, Crowe classification and diagnosis could influence pre-operative hip ROM. Measurement of hip ROM under general anaesthesia could better reflect true ROM compared to measurement without anaesthesia.
L’articulation des temps sociaux dans la profession d’assistant social : une question d’engagement subjectif
Authors: Laloy David 
Published: March 2013

En Belgique, les assistants sociaux travaillent en général dans des horaires standards qui correspondent aux rythmes macrosociaux. Ils seraient donc dans des conditions favorables à une articulation des temps sociaux harmonieuse. Cependant, cette articulation a une double dimension pratique et subjective. Cette deuxième dimension concerne particulièrement les assistants sociaux étant donné le caractère subjectivement impliquant de leur pratique. L’article propose d’analyser les caractéristiques spécifiques de l’engagement de ces professionnels (la « nature du travail » et les « représentations » associées à la pratique) et d’en élucider les implications quant à la manière d’articuler les temps.
L’analyse de l’articulation des temps de vie au sein de la profession médicale en France : révélateur ou miroir grossissant des spécificités sexuées ?
Authors: Le Feuvre Nicky , Lapeyre Nathalie 
Published: March 2013

Cet article vise à identifier quelques-uns des écueils analytiques qui surgissent lors de recherches sur les pratiques et aspirations en matière d’articulation des temps de vie au sein d’un groupe professionnel particulier, celui des médecins. Caractérisée par de très longues durées du travail, la profession médicale offre également une grande « souveraineté temporelle ». Si l’éthos de la profession médicale a longtemps été fondé sur un principe de « disponibilité permanente », plusieurs facteurs participent à une remise en question de ce socle historique des identités professionnelles, surtout chez les jeunes générations de médecins des deux sexes. Toutefois, ce changement ne s’exprime pas toujours dans les mêmes registres : en situation d’entretien, les femmes évoquent plus spontanément des aspirations « d’équilibre » des temps professionnels et familiaux, alors que les hommes revendiquent la recherche d’un « équilibre » individuel, par le truchement de loisirs personnels. Reste à savoir dans quelle mesure ces différences discursives renvoient effectivement à des pratiques sexuées spécifiques ou traduisent plutôt un mécanisme d’ajustement des récits aux injonctions normatives qui continuent de peser sur l’acceptabilité sociale des pratiques (et aspirations) masculines et féminines en matière d’articulation des temps de vie.
Les pratiques collaboratives : nouveau fétichisme ou « praxis » renouvelée dans le champ de la santé mentale des enfants ? De la nécessité d’une halte dans l’instant des sens
Authors: Ndiaye Léna Diamé , St-Onge Myreille 
Published: March 2013

Cet article tente de faire une relecture des pratiques collaboratives en tant que nouveaux modes d’appréhension de « l’être ensemble et le faire ensemble » dans le champ de la santé mentale de l’enfant. Il a une visée théorique et non empirique. Nous souhaitons surtout amorcer une réflexion sur les pratiques collaboratives en partant du service social en tant que discipline reposant sur le don et le contre-don, donc disposant de leviers pour relier les professions au chevet de l’enfant. Il s’agit aussi de proposer une pause pour s’extirper des lieux communs et réinterroger les concepts reliés aux pratiques collaboratives centrées sur l’enfant. L’article est subdivisé en quatre parties qui poursuivent chacune des objectifs différents. Dans un premier temps nous abordons la santé mentale de l’enfant en tant que champ à définir dans un espace théorique et de pratique d’essence collaborative. La deuxième partie a été l’occasion pour nous de tenter une nouvelle exploration sémantique des concepts de collaboration et de partenariat. La troisième partie présente le service social dans sa fonction de passeur de sens dans l’enjeu d’un travail collaboratif centré sur l’enfant. La quatrième partie illustre le travail collaboratif en posant les cadres de pratique processuels dans le champ de la santé mentale de l’enfant.
Célébrer la diversité au Museum of the African Diaspora. La question de l’(auto)représentation culturelle au sein de l’espace muséal contemporain
Authors: Martin Alexandra 
Published: March 2013

Cet article pose un regard critique sur une jeune institution muséale qui cherche encore à définir son identité, le Museum of the African Diaspora (MoAD), situé à San Francisco (É.-U.). Le MoAD se définit comme un « first voice museum » et désire rendre compte des expériences de la diaspora africaine. Or, force est de constater que la catégorisation du Musée est au coeur du conflit identitaire de l’institution. En effet, la notion de « first voice » est plutôt ambivalente, et la question de savoir quelle est cette voix première se trouve au centre du débat identitaire du MoAD. Est-ce la voix des Afro-Américains, des communautés diasporiques noires, ou de tout un chacun ? Est-elle plurielle ? Les réponses à ces questions ne font pas l’unanimité au MoAD. La présente étude cherche à savoir comment l’identité ethnoculturelle des peuples de la diaspora africaine est dépeinte dans un tel contexte.
L’action collective au sein des alliances syndicales internationales : deux études de cas contrastées
Authors: Hennebert Marc-Antonin , Dufour-Poirier Mélanie 
Published: March 2013

Une des principales innovations syndicales en matière de régulation sociale des firmes transnationales réside dans l’émergence d’alliances syndicales internationales visant à fournir un espace de concertation et de développement de stratégies communes aux syndicats représentant les travailleurs d’une même firme. Sur la base de deux études de cas menées au sein de deux multinationales de différents secteurs et d’un corpus empirique incluant plus d’une centaine d’entretiens avec des syndicalistes de différents pays, cet article analyse la construction de l’action collective syndicale au sein de ces alliances. Partant de trois clés de lecture découlant d’autant de théories classiques de l’action collective – soit la théorie de la mobilisation des ressources, celle de la régulation sociale ainsi que celle dite de la structure d’opportunités politiques –, cet article met en relief certains facteurs déterminants du développement de cette action au sein des alliances syndicales internationales. Au-delà de l’importance pour les acteurs d’investir des ressources dans ces alliances, on observe que la formalisation organisationnelle de ces dernières, par l’intermédiaire de la définition de certaines règles d’organisation et la création de « centres » décisionnels, peut jouer un rôle déterminant dans leur propension à initier des actions collectives. Notre étude souligne également l’importance pour les acteurs syndicaux impliqués de définir un projet commun mobilisateur qui donne à la fois une cible et un sens aux actions planifiées. Au final, étant donné le bilan contrasté pouvant être tiré de ces deux cas, cet article met en lumière à la fois l’importante contribution potentielle de ces alliances au renouveau syndical mais aussi les nombreux obstacles qui se posent au développement de l’action syndicale internationale.
Template‐Free Sol‐Gel Preparation of Superhydrophobic ORMOSIL Films for Double‐Wavelength Broadband Antireflective Coatings
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Xiang , Cai Shuang , You Dan , Yan Liang‐Hong , Lv Hai‐Bing , Yuan Xiao‐Dong , Jiang Bo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA double‐layer double‐wavelength antireflective (AR) coating with 100% transmittance at both 1064 nm and 532 nm, which is very important in high power laser systems, is designed using thin film design software (TFCalc). The refractive indices for the bottom and top layers of the designed AR coating are about 1.30 and 1.14. A simple, template‐free sol‐gel route is proposed to prepare the superhydrophobic ORMOSIL (organically modified silicate) thin film, which has an ultralow refractive index, by silica particle surface modification using hexamethylisilazane (HMDS); this treatment decreases the refractive index of the silica thin film from 1.23 to 1.13. The formation mechanism of the ultralow refractive index thin film is proposed. The particle surface modification with HMDS significantly improves the hydrophobicity of the coated film; the water contact angle of the film increases from 23.4° to 160°. The bottom layer, which has a refractive index of 1.30, is prepared from acid‐catalyzed and base‐catalyzed mixed silica sol. A double‐layer silica AR coating is obtained with transmittances of 99.6% and 99.8% at 532 nm and 1064 nm, respectively.
Fully Biodegradable Airway Stents Using Amino Alcohol‐Based Poly(ester amide) Elastomers
Authors: Wang Jane , Boutin Kyle G. , Abdulhadi Omar , Personnat Lyndia D. , Shazly Tarek , Langer Robert , Channick Colleen L. , Borenstein Jeffrey T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAirway stents are often used to maintain patency of the tracheal and bronchial passages in patients suffering from central airway obstruction caused by malignant tumors, scarring, and injury. Like most conventional medical implants, they are designed to perform their functions for a limited period of time, after which surgical removal is often required. Two primary types of airway stents are in general use, metal mesh devices and elastomeric tubes; both are constructed using permanent materials, and must be removed when no longer needed, leading to potential complications. This paper describes the development of process technologies for bioresorbable prototype elastomeric airway stents that would dissolve completely after a predetermined period of time or by an enzymatic triggering mechanism. These airway stents are constructed from biodegradable elastomers with high mechanical strength, flexibility and optical transparency. This work combines microfabrication technology with bioresorbable polymers, with the ultimate goal of a fully biodegradable airway stent ultimately capable of improving patient safety and treatment outcomes.
Enzyme‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Efficient Antibacterial Agents In Vivo
Authors: Li Li‐li , Wang Hao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDespite the fact that pathogenic infections are widely treated by antibiotics in the clinic nowadays, the increasing risk of multidrug‐resistance associated with abuse of antibiotics is becoming a major concern in global public health. The increased death toll caused by pathogenic bacterial infection calls for effective antibiotic alternatives. Lysozyme‐coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs⊂Lys) are reported as antibacterial agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo with low cytotoxicity and negligible hemolytic side effect. The Lys corona provides multivalent interaction between MSNs⊂Lys and bacterial walls and consequently raises the local concentration of Lys on the surface of cell walls, which promotes hydrolysis of peptidoglycans and increases membrane‐perturbation abilities. The minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of MSNs⊂Lys is fivefold lower than that of free Lys in vitro. The antibacterial efficacy of MSNs⊂Lys is evaluated in vivo by using an intestine‐infected mouse model. Experimental results indicate that the number of bacteria surviving in the colon is three orders of magnitude lower than in the untreated group. These natural antibacterial enzyme‐modified nanoparticles open up a new avenue for design and synthesis of next‐generation antibacterial agents as alternatives to antibiotics.
Charge Carrier Dynamics in a Ternary Bulk Heterojunction System Consisting of P3HT, Fullerene, and a Low Bandgap Polymer
Authors: Koppe Markus , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim , Clodic Ewan , Morana Mauro , Lüer Larry , Troeger Anna , Sgobba Vito , Guldi Dirk M. , Ameri Tayebeh , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe photoresponse of P3HT:PC61BM based organic solar cells can be enhanced by blending the bulk heterojunction with the low band gap polymer Si‐ PCPDTBT. Organic solar cells containing the resulting ternary blend as the photoactive layer deliver short circuit currents of up to 15.5 mA cm−2. Morphological studies show modest phase separation without the perturbation of the crystallinity of the P3HT:PC61BM matrix, in accordance with the measured acceptable fill factors. Picosecond time‐resolved pump‐probe spectroscopy reveals that the sensitization of P3HT:PC61BM with Si‐PCPDTBT involves the transfer of photogenerated positive polarons from the low band gap polymer to P3HT within few hundreds of picoseconds. Intensity dependent experiments in combination with global fitting show that the charge transfer from Si‐PCPDTBT to P3HT competes with non‐geminate charge carrier recombination of the holes in the Si‐PCPDTBT phase with electrons in the PC61BM phase, both processes being of diffusive nature. At excitation densities corresponding to steady state conditions under one sun, modelling predicts hole transfer efficiencies exceeding 90%, in accordance with IQE measurements. At higher pump intensities, bimolecular recombination suppresses the hole transfer process effectively.
Prevalence of obesity among Inuit in Greenland and temporal trend by social position
Authors: Bjerregaard Peter , Jørgensen Marit E. ,   The Greenland Population Study Group
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to analyze the temporal trend of obesity among Inuit in Greenland during 1993–2010 according to sex and relative social position.MethodsData (N = 5,123) were collected in cross‐sectional health surveys among the Inuit in Greenland in 1993–1994, 1999–2001, and 2005–2010. Sociodemographic information was obtained by interview. Information on obesity (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference) was obtained by clinical examination and in 1993–1994 by interview. Statistics included multiple linear regression and Univariate General Linear Models.ResultsAmong men the prevalence of overweight (BMI 25–29.9) decreased while general obesity (BMI ≥ 30) did not change. Central obesity increased from 16.0% in 1993–1994 to 25.4% in 2005–2010 (P < 0.001). Among women general and central obesity increased. Central obesity increased from 31.3% in 1993–1994 to 54.2% in 2005–2010 (P < 0.001). In 2005–2010 both general and central obesity showed significantly increasing trends with social position (general obesity: P < 0.001 for men, P = 0.04 for women; central obesity: P < 0.001 for both men and women). The social trend was absent in the earlier surveys.ConclusionGeneral and central obesity is increasing among the Inuit in Greenland. There is an increasing positive association of obesity with social position for both men and women. The high prevalence of obesity is a serious public health problem that is expected to affect the already high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:335–340, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computerbasiertes Enzymdesign
Authors: Kiss Gert , Çelebi‐Ölçüm Nihan , Moretti Rocco , Baker David , Houk K. N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDer “Inside‐Out”‐Ansatz des computerbasierten Enzymdesigns vereint die neuesten Entwicklungen im Bereich der Computerchemie und ‐biologie. In diesem Rahmen ist es möglich geworden, Proteine zur Katalyse von Reaktionen herzustellen, für die es in der Natur kein Pendant gibt. Die Erfolgsrate ist gegenwärtig gering, sodass nur ein Bruchteil dieser Konzeptproteine zum Schluss wie geplant funktioniert. Errungenschaften, aber auch Beschränkungen der gegenwärtigen Technologie werden hier behandelt und mit anderen Methoden verglichen. Auf sich alleine gestellt, ermöglicht der “Inside‐Out”‐Ansatz die Produktion von Proteinen mit katalytischer Aktivität und Selektivität – wenn auch mit bescheidenen kinetische Eigenschaften im Vergleich zu natürlich vorkommenden Enzymen. Gerichtete Evolution, Proteindynamiksimulationen und Crowd‐Sourcing können jedoch zu erheblich verbesserten Varianten solcher “Inside‐Out”‐Proteine führen.
Simulation and control based on temperature measurements for Petlyuk distillation columns
Authors: Matla‐González D. , Urrea‐García G. , Alvarez‐Ramirez J. , Bolaños‐Reynoso E. , Luna‐Solano G. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a control strategy based on stage temperature measurements to control composition of the products in a Petlyuk‐type distillation column. This column is formed by a prefractionator in which feed is introduced and a main column from which three product streams are extracted. Prefractionator and main‐column modules are connected through the exchange of liquid and vapor streams resulting in a strong interaction that can result in operating problems, poor control performance, and instability due to their complex structure. Different steady‐state methods for the selection of appropriate control structures were analyzed. The control structure comprises four controllers implemented as follows: three Proportional‐Integral (PI) controllers to regulate the temperature of three stages along the main column and a cascade controller to regulate temperature at a stage in the main column manipulating temperature in a prefractionator stage. Controllers were designed using internal model control guidelines for traditional PI compensation. Feed composition disturbances were introduced in order to observe the response of the control system. The obtained results show that the control structure maintains the purity of the final products within acceptable ranges despite the existence of disturbance. Copyright © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association of Variants in IL2RA With Progression of Joint Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Knevel R. , de Rooy D. P. C. , Zhernakova A. , Gröndal G. , Krabben A. , Steinsson K. , Wijmenga C. , Cavet G. , Toes R. E. M. , Huizinga T. W. J. , Gregersen P. K. , van der Helm‐van Mil A. H. M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveHeritability studies have suggested an important role of genetic predisposition in the progression of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); the heritability is estimated at 45–58%. Several single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified as being associated with RA susceptibility. Our objective was to study the association of several of these loci with progression of joint destruction.MethodsWe studied 1,750 RA patients in 4 independent data sets with 4,732 radiographs scored using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde method. Thirteen susceptibility SNPs that were not previously associated with joint destruction were tested in 596 Dutch RA patients. Subsequently, significant SNPs were studied in data sets of RA patients from North America and Iceland. Data were summarized in inverse‐weighted variance meta‐analyses. Further, the association with circulating protein levels was studied and the associated region was fine‐mapped.ResultsIn stage 1, 3 loci (AFF3, IL2RA, and BLK) were significantly associated with the rate of joint destruction and were further analyzed in the additional data sets. In the combined meta‐analyses, the minor (C) allele of IL2RA (rs2104286) was associated with less progression of joint destruction (P = 7.2 × 10−4). Furthermore, the IL2RA (rs2104286) protective genotype was associated with lower (0.85‐fold [95% confidence interval 0.77–0.93], P = 1.4 × 10−3) circulating levels of soluble interleukin‐2 receptor α (sIL‐2Rα). Additionally, lower sIL‐2Rα levels were associated with a lower rate of joint destruction (P = 3.4 × 10−3). The association of IL2RA with the rate of joint destruction was further localized to a 40‐kb region encompassing the IL2RA intron 1 and the 5′ region of IL2RA and RBM17.ConclusionThe present genetic and serologic data suggest that inherited altered genetic constitution at the IL2RA locus may predispose to a less destructive course of RA.
Brief Report: Testosterone Is Protective in the Sexually Dimorphic Development of Arthritis and Lung Disease in SKG Mice
Authors: Keith Rebecca C. , Sokolove Jeremy , Edelman Benjamin L. , Lahey Lauren , Redente Elizabeth F. , Holers V. Michael , Sakaguchi Shimon , Robinson William H. , Riches David W. H. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a sexually dimorphic inflammatory autoimmune disease with both articular and extraarticular disease manifestations, including RA‐associated interstitial lung disease. Low levels of testosterone have been linked to disease severity in men with RA, and supplemental testosterone has been shown to improve RA symptoms in both postmenopausal women and men with low levels of testosterone. The mechanisms by which sex and sex steroids affect the immune system and autoimmunity are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effects of testicular‐derived sex hormones on the development of joint and lung disease in an autoimmune mouse model.MethodsArthritis prevalence and severity were assessed in orchiectomized, sham‐orchiectomized, and intact male SKG mice as well as in female SKG mice over a 12‐week period after intraperitoneal injection of zymosan. Lung tissues were evaluated by quantifying cellular accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, collagen levels, and histologic changes. An antigen microarray was used to evaluate autoantibody generation under each experimental condition.ResultsFemale SKG mice developed arthritis and lung disease at increased prevalence and severity as compared to intact male mice. The absence of testosterone after orchiectomy led to increased arthritis, lung disease, and autoantibody generation in orchiectomized male mice as compared to intact male mice.ConclusionSKG mice represent an authentic sexually dimorphic mouse model of both the joint and lung disease seen in humans with RA. Testosterone protects against the development of joint and lung disease in male SKG mice.