bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout und soziale Ressourcen von Grundschullehrkräften im Anschluss an die Covid-19-Pandemie – ein Vergleich zwischen den Bundesländern Bayern und Vorarlberg
Authors: Baumann Rebecca , Oetjen Birte , Martschinke Sabine , Frey Anne , Rank Astrid 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungStudien verweisen auf eine Vielzahl an objektiven Belastungen im Lehrberuf, die im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie zugenommen haben. Wenn die Belastungen negativ bewertet werden und zu wenig geeignete Ressourcen für ihre Bewältigung zur Verfügung stehen, können negative Beanspruchungsreaktionen auftreten, die langfristig zu einem Burnout führen können. Studienergebnisse berichten für Österreich und Deutschland von einem hohen Burnouterleben im Lehrberuf vor und während der Pandemie. Für die Zeit nach der Pandemie liegen kaum entsprechende Studien vor. Hier ist auch die Frage nach Unterschieden zwischen Deutschland und Österreich mit dem Blick auf relevante Ressourcen noch offen. Zur Untersuchung dieser Fragestellungen wurden 178 Grundschullehrkräfte aus Deutschland (Bayern) und Österreich (Vorarlberg) Ende 2022/Anfang 2023 mittels einer querschnittlichen Fragebogenstudie zu ihrem negativen Beanspruchungserleben (Burnout) und zu ausgewählten sozialen Ressourcen befragt. Es zeigt sich, dass das Burnouterleben aller Lehrkräfte im theoretischen Mittel liegt und die Ressourcen weitgehend positiv ausgeprägt sind. Eine multivariate Varianzanalyse belegt, dass bayerische Lehrkräfte signifikant höhere Burnoutwerte angeben als die Lehrkräfte aus Vorarlberg, es aber bei den Ressourcen keine signifikanten Länderunterschiede gibt. Dennoch wird die Bedeutung ausgewählter sozialer Ressourcen in der regressionsanalytischen Auswertung deutlich, da das Burnouterleben durch das Land und der aus Lehrkraftperspektive wahrgenommenen Beziehung zu den Schüler*innen als soziale Ressource vorhergesagt wird. Die soziale Unterstützung im Kollegium sowie weitere schul- und personenbezogene Variablen besitzen keine Relevanz für die Erklärung des Burnouterlebens. Die Lehrkraft-Schüler*innen-Beziehung sollte in der Lehrer*innenbildung und -forschung daher mehr Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Auch wenn die Ergebnisse aufgrund der geringen und selektiven Stichprobe vorsichtig zu interpretieren sind, geben sie Hinweise auf länderspezifische Unterschiede im Burnouterleben von Grundschullehrkräften nach der Pandemie. Im Beitrag werden divergierende schulische Corona-Maßnahmen in den Ländern theoretisch diskutiert, jedoch nicht empirisch berücksichtigt.
Myeloid Cell Reservoirs: Role in HIV-Host Interplay and Strategies for Myeloid Reservoir Elimination
Authors: Castillo Amber A. , McElrath Corbin , Marshall Grace , Stevenson Mario 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Despite host antiviral responses and antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 continues to persist in myeloid cell reservoirs. Hence, strategies that promote the elimination of myeloid reservoirs are critically needed. Insight into host-HIV interactions is key to achieving a cure.

Recent Findings
Host antiviral factors are often antagonized by HIV proteins that help establish infection while promoting chronic inflammation and disease in the host. Currently, several methods to eliminate the virus are under investigation including broadly neutralizing antibodies, latency reversal agents, CRISPR platforms, and immune modulation. Compounds that can penetrate the blood brain barrier are also being developed for reservoir cell clearance.

Summary
Here, we will outline features of myeloid cell biology and host-virus interactions that facilitate HIV persistence. We will also review current therapeutic strategies and potential drug candidates to cure HIV infection of myeloid cells even in difficult-to-treat tissues such as the central nervous system.
Optimizing Quality of Life in Children with Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Demianczyk Abigail C. , Marshall Mayme , Rao Rashmi , Cassedy Amy , Wray Jo , Marino Bradley S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) can experience long-term morbidities related to physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial functioning. These long-term sequelae are more likely to occur for patients who meet the high-risk criteria and are associated with diminished health related quality of life (HRQOL). Understanding how to mitigate risk or intervene to improve physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial outcomes for patients with CHD is critical for improving HRQOL.

Recent Findings
Instruments measuring HRQOL are available and widely used in children with CHD. Lower HRQOL is associated with greater disease complexity and medical care utilization, lower self-perception and competency, more behavioral and emotional difficulties, and greater educational impairment. Interventions like family-centered neurodevelopmental care, early intervention, psychological and behavioral services, physical activity, educational services, and family support have been shown to positively impact physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial outcomes for patients with CHD, but it is unclear what interventions in these domains will specifically improve HRQOL.

Summary
There is a critical need for research focused on interventions to improve neurodevelopmental, psychosocial, and physical functioning in children with CHD. Intervention research needs to be high quality, use appropriate instruments, and should examine the impact of these interventions on HRQOL in both the short- and long-term.
Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Through Cascade Structure Tuning for Highly Stable Biomass Upgrading
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Ma Xianhui , Yang Yuanteng , Liu Yang , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Lin , Wang Penglei , Zhang Yagang , Lin Yue , Wei Yen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) provides a promising strategy to convert biomass derivative to high-value-added chemicals. Herein, a cascade strategy is proposed to construct Pd–NiCo2O4 electrocatalyst by Pd loading on Ni-doped Co3O4 and for highly active and stable synergistic HMF oxidation. An elevated current density of 800 mA cm–2 can be achieved at 1.5 V, and both Faradaic efficiency and yield of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid remained close to 100% over 10 consecutive electrolysis. Experimental and theoretical results unveil that the introduction of Pd atoms can modulate the local electronic structure of Ni/Co, which not only balances the competitive adsorption of HMF and OH– species, but also promote the active Ni3+ species formation, inducing high indirect oxidation activity. We have also discovered that Ni incorporation facilitates the Co2+ pre-oxidation and electrophilic OH* generation to contribute direct oxidation process. This work provides a new approach to design advanced electrocatalyst for biomass upgrading.
Trajectories and Associations of Perceived Servant Leadership and Teacher Exhaustion During the First Months of a Crisis
Authors: Schowalter Annika F. , Volmer Judith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganizational crises carry a high risk of reducing well-being and health among employees, such as increased exhaustion. Teachers are particularly vulnerable to exhaustion; thus, it is important to explore how exhaustion can be reduced among them in a crisis context. In this paper, we regard servant leadership as a resource-providing leadership style to mitigate the adverse impacts of a crisis situation on teachers’ exhaustion. We surveyed 129 teachers working at several schools in a German private school association at four measurement points between March and November 2020, beginning with the first measures taken in response to the spread of COVID-19. Using latent growth curve modeling, we investigated the trajectories of perceived servant leadership and employees’ exhaustion and their associations. For both teacher exhaustion and servant leadership, growth models with unspecified growth patterns showed the best fit. Perceived servant leadership decreased over time before increasing slightly again during the last measurement period. We did not find a general increase in teacher exhaustion. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicated a negative interindividual and intraindividual association between servant leadership and teacher exhaustion. Teachers who perceived higher levels of servant leadership reported lower levels of exhaustion, and the stronger servant leadership decreased, the stronger exhaustion increased over time. Our study extends previous research by providing a dynamic, longitudinal view of servant leadership and exhaustion in a crisis context.
A multi-level analysis of older adults’ care preferences in China: from the perspective of regional resource equality
Authors: Zhang Li , Lu Jiehua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to assess the care preferences of the elderly in China and how the multi-level factors including individuals, communities and provinces affect the elderly’s care preferences. Using data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) and China Statistical Yearbook 2015, we apply concentration index to examine the utilization of regional resources in the elderly and a multi-level model to examine those relationships. Results show that the elderly who live in communities with well-developed health care facilities prefer to choose family care. There are also significant differences at the provincial level. The developed provinces context increases the likelihood of formal care, but decreases informal care probability. In high social security expenditure provinces, the elderly are more likely to choose formal care. Our findings emphasize the influence of the communities and provinces context on the elderly’s care preferences. We suggest the government pay attention to the care status of the elderly who are outside the social care system.
Exploring innovation and collaboration in the leather processing industry through the case study of the KIWANGO Leather Cluster
Authors: China Cecilia R. , Mgumia Athman , Trojer Lena , Nungu Amos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the era of Industry 4.0, fostering innovation through strong collaboration among universities, industry, and government is crucial. However, the Tanzanian economy has faced challenges due to, among others, weak links between these entities. To address this, Sida initiated the Innovation Systems and Cluster Development Program (ISCP-Tz) in partnership with the University of Dar es Salaam. This was followed by a program at COSTECH focused on fostering innovation for socio-economic development. As part of these programs, 15 clusters, including KIWANGO Leather, were selected for documentation of their experiences. KIWANGO Leather exemplifies successful collaboration between cluster firms, the university, local government, and research institutions. Operationalizing guidelines for collaboration led to cooperative innovations, knowledge exchange, internships, and long-term partnerships established through Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The cluster's experiences highlight a less-linear, inclusive innovation process with positive outcomes. Thus, this paper not only illustrates a less linear, inclusive innovation process, but also its results can motivate actors in emerging innovation ecosystems in the Global South to adopt and scale up suggested approaches for knowledge co-creation benefitting sustainable development. By adopting these approaches and fostering collaborative networks, countries can leverage their resources and expertise to drive innovation, create economic growth, and address societal challenges.
A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in TDRD9 Causes Oligozoospermia
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Feng Yuming , Dong Jie , Zhou Zheng , Jing Jun , Li Zixiong , Chen Li , Lin Xiaoqi , Ma Jinzhao , Yao Bing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOligozoospermia is an important cause of male infertility for which treatment options are limited. Spermatogenesis is complex, and the causes of oligozoospermia remain largely unknown. Because genetic mutations are important factors of oligozoospermia pathogenesis, our study aimed to explore the genetic causes of oligozoospermia. Whole- exome sequencing (WES) was performed on one proband from a Chinese family who was diagnosed with oligozoospermia. The pathogenic mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and a minigene assay was used to determine the effect of the identified splicing mutation. We identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the TDRD9 gene, comprising a splicing mutation (c.1115 + 3A > G) and a frameshift mutation (c.958delC), in the proband; neither of these mutations were found in 50 unrelated healthy people. In addition, a minigene assay demonstrated that the frameshift produced partially truncated protein, and the splicing mutation led to a frameshift mutation and premature termination due to abnormal alternative splicing of TDRD9. These findings indicate that deleterious compound heterozygous mutation in TDRD9 could lead to oligozoospermia, highlighting the crucial role of TDRD9 in spermatogenesis and further clarifying the genetic causes of male infertility resulting from oligozoospermia. Our study expands the spectrum of TDRD9-related phenotypes and provides a new specific target for future genetic counseling.
Epistemic consequentialism as a metatheory of inquiry
Authors: Andersen Frederik J. , Kappel Klemens 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The overall aim of this article is to reorient the contemporary debate about epistemic consequentialism. Thus far, the debate has to a large extent focused on whether standard theories of epistemic justification are consequentialist in nature and therefore vulnerable to certain trade-off cases where accepting a false or unjustified belief leads to good epistemic outcomes. We claim that these trade-offs raise an important—yet somewhat neglected—issue about the epistemic demands on inquiry. We first distinguish between two different kinds of epistemic evaluation, viz., backing evaluation and outcome evaluation, and then go on to outline and discuss a consequentialist metatheory about the right combinations of decision procedures to adopt in inquiry. Note that the piece is exploratory in the following sense: we try to explore epistemic evaluation in consequentialist terms, which involves stating a form of epistemic consequentialism, but also pointing to what non-consequentialist alternatives might be. Rather than trying to argue decisively for a particular conclusion, we aim to outline various intricate issues in an underexplored area of theorizing. In the course of doing this, we’ll transpose some well-known themes from discussions of consequentialism in ethics to the current debate about consequentialism in epistemology, e.g., agent-neutrality, options, and side-constraints.
From the clinic to the classroom: a pathway for physician assistants/associates into academia
Authors: Baird Jonathan T. , Stanford Lauren , Sommer Tyler 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis brief communication proposes a possible model for training clinically practicing Physician Assistants/Associates (PA) for a transition into academic medicine. Demand for full-time PA educators is rising. Most new full-time PA educators come from clinical practice and find the transition challenging, resulting in attrition. There is no uniform, expected pathway for PAs wanting to transition into academia, however several institutions have developed fellowships in recent years. Traditionally, residencies have given medical providers, mainly physicians, training for specialty areas of medicine, though only some of those have been wholly devoted to full-time academic medicine. The reasons for their absence are beyond the scope of this paper. It is not uncommon for universities and educational hospitals to experience budget constraints when considering establishing a residency training program. The authors describe the part-time residency at their institution for PAs desiring to be educators, succinctly describe their process and outcomes, and propose it as a model for emulation.
Masked autoencoder: influence of self-supervised pretraining on object segmentation in industrial images
Authors: Witte Anja , Lange Sascha , Lins Christian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe amount of labelled data in industrial use cases is limited because the annotation process is time-consuming and costly. As in research, self-supervised pretraining such as MAE resulted in training segmentation models with fewer labels, this is also an interesting direction for industry. The reduction of required labels is achieved with large amounts of unlabelled images for the pretraining that aims to learn image features. This paper analyses the influence of MAE pretraining on the efficiency of label usage for semantic segmentation with UNETR. This is investigated for the use case of log-yard cranes. Additionally, two transfer learning cases with respect to crane type and perspective are considered in the context of label-efficiency. The results show that MAE is successfully applicable to the use case. With respect to the segmentation, an IoU improvement of 3.26% is reached while using 2000 labels. The strongest positive influence is found for all experiments in the lower label amounts. The highest effect is achieved with transfer learning regarding cranes, where IoU and Recall increase about 4.31% and 8.58%, respectively. Further analyses show that improvements result from a better distinction between the background and the segmented crane objects.
Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling Efficiency and Its Dependence on Solar Activity During Geomagnetic Storms of 23–24 Solar Cycles
Authors: Ashna V. M. , Bhaskar Ankush , Manju G. , Sini R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpace weather forecasts are of utmost importance in safeguarding navigation, communication, and electric power system operations, satellites from orbital drag, and the astronauts in the International Space Station from hazardous space radiation during extreme space weather conditions. The finest space weather prediction requires a clear understanding of solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling. The in‐situ measurements of the solar wind properties give unique information about the Sun and its activity on smaller to longer timescales. The present work investigates the influence of solar activity on the coupling of solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere during 23–24 solar cycles. The geomagnetic storms with Symmetric H‐component (SYMH) ≤ −85 nT during the 23–24 solar cycles are considered. We present the results of statistical analysis and relationships between the various solar wind parameters such as the total strength of interplanetary magnetic field (B) and its three‐axis components (Bx, By, and Bz), solar wind proton density (Nsw), solar wind speed (Vsw), SYMH indices, the amplitude, duration, and profile of the geomagnetic storms. The integrated electric field and integrated SYMH index during storms show the highest correlation of 0.92, implying that integrated SYMH is a better proxy of the injected solar wind energy in the magnetosphere in the form of the ring current. Moreover, we do see the difference in the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling efficiency during the phases of 23–24 solar cycles which is intriguing.
Changes in the Asian ITCZ During the Last Interglacial, the Last Glacial Maximum, and the Mid‐Holocene
Authors: Wang Ting , Tian Zhiping , Jiang Dabang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the position and intensity changes of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over Asia (50°E−135°E) relative to the preindustrial period annually and seasonally during the Last Interglacial (LIG), Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and mid‐Holocene (MH) using available models from phases 3 and 4 of the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project. The multi‐model mean shows that the June–July–August ITCZ variations generally dominate the annual changes. The Asian ITCZ shifts northward over western Asia and southward over the eastern side in both the LIG and MH, and the opposite occurs in the LGM. Its intensity varies with longitude similarly for the LIG and MH and generally weakens in the LGM. Precipitation changes associated directly with ITCZ indices are primarily caused by the dynamic term in the LIG and MH, while both dynamic and thermodynamic terms play roles in the LGM, with major contributions from the convergence components.
Role of a Hidden Fault in the Early Process of the 2024 Mw7.5 Noto Peninsula Earthquake
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Takagi Ryota , Fukushima Yo , Ando Ryosuke , Ohta Yusaku , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe 2024 Mw 7.5 Noto Peninsula, Japan, earthquake was initiated within the source region of intense swarm activity. To reveal the mainshock early process, we relocated the earthquake hypocenters and found that many key phenomena, including the mainshock initiation, foreshocks, swarm earthquakes, and deep aseismic slip, occurred at parts of a previously unrecognized fault in intricate fault network. This fault is subparallel (several kilometers deeper) to a known active fault, and the mainshock initiation and foreshocks occurred at the front of a 2‐year westward swarm migration. The initiation location coincides with the destination of the upward migration of a deeper earthquake cluster via several smaller faults. Fluid supply, small earthquakes, and aseismic slip on the fault likely triggered the mainshock, leading to the first major rupture at the western region, propagating further to the west and east sides, resulting in an Mw7.5 event, exceeding 100 km in length.
Thin film ferroelectric photonic-electronic memory
Authors: Zhang Gong , Chen Yue , Zheng Zijie , Shao Rui , Zhou Jiuren , Zhou Zuopu , Jiao Leming , Zhang Jishen , Wang Haibo , Kong Qiwen , Sun Chen , Ni Kai , Wu Jixuan , Chen Jiezhi , Gong Xiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo reduce system complexity and bridge the interface between electronic and photonic circuits, there is a high demand for a non-volatile memory that can be accessed both electrically and optically. However, practical solutions are still lacking when considering the potential for large-scale complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatible integration. Here, we present an experimental demonstration of a non-volatile photonic-electronic memory based on a 3-dimensional monolithic integrated ferroelectric-silicon ring resonator. We successfully demonstrate programming and erasing the memory using both electrical and optical methods, assisted by optical-to-electrical-to-optical conversion. The memory cell exhibits a high optical extinction ratio of 6.6 dB at a low working voltage of 5 V and an endurance of 4 × 104cycles. Furthermore, the multi-level storage capability is analyzed in detail, revealing stable performance with a raw bit-error-rate smaller than 5.9 × 10−2. This ground-breaking work could be a key technology enabler for future hybrid electronic-photonic systems, targeting a wide range of applications such as photonic interconnect, high-speed data communication, and neuromorphic computing.