bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Side effect profile of 5‐HT treatments for Parkinson's disease and L‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in rats
Authors: Lindenbach D , Palumbo N , Ostock C Y , Vilceus N , Conti M M , Bishop C 
Published: September 2014

Background and PurposeTreatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with L‐DOPA eventually causes abnormal involuntary movements known as dyskinesias in most patients. Dyskinesia can be reduced using compounds that act as direct or indirect agonists of the 5‐HT1A receptor, but these drugs have been reported to worsen PD features and are known to produce ‘5‐HT syndrome’, symptoms of which include tremor, myoclonus, rigidity and hyper‐reflexia.Experimental ApproachSprague‐Dawley rats were given unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine lesions with 6‐hydroxydopamine. Each of the following three purportedly anti‐dyskinetic 5‐HT compounds were administered 15 min before L‐DOPA: the full 5‐HT1A agonist ±‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐dipropylaminotetralin (±8‐OH‐DPAT), the partial 5‐HT1A agonist buspirone or the 5‐HT transporter inhibitor citalopram. After these injections, animals were monitored for dyskinesia, 5‐HT syndrome, motor activity and PD akinesia.Key ResultsEach 5‐HT drug dose‐dependently reduced dyskinesia by relatively equal amounts (±8‐OH‐DPAT ≥ citalopram ≥ buspirone), but 5‐HT syndrome was higher with ±8‐OH‐DPAT, lower with buspirone and not present with citalopram. Importantly, with or without L‐DOPA, all three compounds provided an additional improvement of PD akinesia. All drugs tempered the locomotor response to L‐DOPA suggesting dyskinesia reduction, but vertical rearing was reduced with 5‐HT drugs, potentially reflecting features of 5‐HT syndrome.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results suggest that compounds that indirectly facilitate 5‐HT1A receptor activation, such as citalopram, may be more effective therapeutics than direct 5‐HT1A receptor agonists because they exhibit similar anti‐dyskinesia efficacy, while possessing a reduced side effect profile.
A Public‐Health Approach to Improving Parenting and Promoting Children's Well‐Being
Authors: Sanders Matthew R. , Kirby James N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRandomized controlled trials and meta‐analyses have demonstrated the efficacy of evidence‐based parenting programs (EBPPs) to improve social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes for children. Although EBPPs are effective, their reach is limited, and many families that could benefit do not have an opportunity to participate. In this article, we argue for a paradigm shift—from traditional, highly targeted approaches of program delivery to a more inclusive public‐health framework that blends universal and targeted elements. The Triple P—Positive Parenting Program is an EBPP that has applied a public‐health framework to increase parenting support in communities. The approach seeks to improve the reach of the program while increasing capacity to reduce the prevalence of children's social, emotional, and behavioral problems, as well as of child maltreatment.
Periodontal treatment needs and workforce requirements: comparisons between the normative and sociodental approaches using different skill mix models
Authors: Ab‐Murat Norintan , Sheiham Aubrey , Tsakos Georgios , Watt Richard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesAssessment of dental treatment needs has predominantly been based on the normative approach, despite its numerous limitations. The sociodental approach is a more rational method of needs assessment as it incorporates broader concepts of health and needs and behavioural propensity. This study compares estimates of periodontal dental treatment needs and workforce requirements for different skill mixes using normative and sociodental approaches among a sample of adults in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out on 732 Malaysian adults aged 30–54 years. Subjects' normative and sociodental needs for periodontal treatment were assessed using WHO criteria, an oral health‐related quality of life measure (the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances index), and behavioural propensity measures for toothbrushing and smoking behaviour. The proportion of subjects requiring periodontal treatment and the numbers of dentists and dental therapists required to treat them using the normative and sociodental approach were compared using different skill mix models.ResultsThe estimates of need for periodontal treatment using the sociodental approach were 90% lower than the respective estimates using the normative need method. Overall, 14.43 dentists would be required per 100 000 people using the normative approach compared to 2.32 for the sociodental approach. When skill mix models were used, the number of dentists required decreased by almost 70% when more periodontal procedures were delegated to dental therapists.ConclusionsUsing the sociodental approach resulted in much lower estimates of dental need and workforce requirements for periodontal treatment than using the normative method. Using dental therapists markedly reduced the numbers of dentists needed for periodontal treatment.
Distribution of interleukin-10 family cytokines in serum and synovial fluid of patients with inflammatory arthritis reveals different contribution to systemic and joint inflammation
Authors: Scrivo R , Conigliaro P , Riccieri V , Di Franco M , Alessandri C , Spadaro A , Perricone R , Valesini G 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Evidence exists that interleukin (IL)-10 family cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to determine whether or not these cytokines are involved in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). We conducted a prospective study on patients with PsA, RA and osteoarthritis (OA); healthy controls (HC) were also included. We analysed IL-20, IL-24 and IL-19 serum and synovial fluid (SF) levels and change of serum levels following treatment with biological agents. IL-20 serum levels were increased in PsA and RA compared with OA patients and HC and with matched SF levels. IL-24 serum levels in PsA, RA and OA patients were higher than those in HC and also with respect to matched SF in PsA. IL-19 serum levels were higher in HC and OA compared with PsA and RA patients; IL-19 SF levels were higher in PsA and RA compared with OA patients, and in PsA compared with RA patients. PsA and RA patients showed a reduction of IL-19 serum levels after biological treatment. Therefore, IL-19 seems to be involved mainly in the joint inflammation, whereas IL-20 and IL-24 appear to participate mainly in the systemic responses. These findings may further the comprehension of the contribution of these cytokines to the inflammatory response involved in chronic arthritis, as well as to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Prospective, Multicenter Evaluation of Trabecular Metal‐Enhanced Titanium Dental Implants Placed in Routine Dental Practices: 1‐Year Interim Report From the Development Period (2010 to 2011)
Authors: Schlee Markus , Pradies Guillermo , Mehmke Wolf‐Ullrich , Beneytout Arnaud , Stamm Matthais , Meda Ramón Gómez , Kamm Torsten , Poiroux Francois , Weinlich Franz , del Canto Pingarron Mariano , Crichton Eric , Poulet Jean‐Baptiste , Bousquet Philippe 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundA prospective, multicenter study is currently evaluating a novel titanium implant with a highly porous tantalum midsection (tantalum material [TM]) placed in an uncontrolled patient population.PurposeInterim 1‐year results from the development period (2010–2011) are reported.Materials and MethodsInvestigators in 22 clinical sites located in five European countries randomly selected and treated partially edentulous patients in accordance with the implant's instructions for use and the investigators' professional judgments. Oversight was provided by the local institutional review boards. Subjects were treated with 1 to 2 TM dental implants in maxillary or mandibular location(s).ResultsTo date, 105 patients with 57 maxillary and 88 mandibular implants have completed 1 year of clinical monitoring. Within this interim group, 28 patients had concomitant health conditions that may elevate risks for long‐term crestal bone loss and/or implant survival. Three implants failed due to local or systemic infection, and four implants failed to integrate. Cumulative implant survival was 95.2% (n = 138/145) with 0.43 ± 0.57 mm of mean marginal bone loss in this interim group.ConclusionTM dental implants were clinically effective under various clinical conditions in an uncontrolled patient population with and without concomitant health conditions.
Digital vs. conventional implant prosthetic workflows: a cost/time analysis
Authors: Joda Tim , Brägger Urs 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective cohort trial was to perform a cost/time analysis for implant‐supported single‐unit reconstructions in the digital workflow compared to the conventional pathway.Materials and MethodsA total of 20 patients were included for rehabilitation with 2 × 20 implant crowns in a crossover study design and treated consecutively each with customized titanium abutments plus CAD/CAM‐zirconia‐suprastructures (test: digital) and with standardized titanium abutments plus PFM‐crowns (control conventional). Starting with prosthetic treatment, analysis was estimated for clinical and laboratory work steps including measure of costs in Swiss Francs (CHF), productivity rates and cost minimization for first‐line therapy. Statistical calculations were performed with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsBoth protocols worked successfully for all test and control reconstructions. Direct treatment costs were significantly lower for the digital workflow 1815.35 CHF compared to the conventional pathway 2119.65 CHF [P = 0.0004]. For subprocess evaluation, total laboratory costs were calculated as 941.95 CHF for the test group and 1245.65 CHF for the control group, respectively [P = 0.003]. The clinical dental productivity rate amounted to 29.64 CHF / min (digital) and 24.37 CHF / min (conventional) [P = 0.002]. Overall, cost minimization analysis exhibited an 18% cost reduction within the digital process.ConclusionThe digital workflow was more efficient than the established conventional pathway for implant‐supported crowns in this investigation.
Overexpression of metadherin mediates metastasis of osteosarcoma by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Tang J. , Shen L. , Yang Q. , Zhang C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesOsteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumours of childhood and adolescence, and is characterized by high propensity for metastasis (specially to the lung), which is the main cause of death. However, molecular mechanisms underlying metastasis of OS are still poorly understood.Materials and methodsMetadherin (MTDH) was identified to be significantly upregulated in OS tissues that had metastasized compared to OS without metastasis, using a two‐dimensional approach of electrophoresis, coupled with mass spectrometry. To understand the function of MTDH in OS, OS cell lines U2OS and SOSP‐M were transfected with retroviral shRNA vector against MTDH.ResultsIt was found that metastatic propensity as well as cell proliferation were significantly reduced in both U2OS and SOSP‐M. Migration and invasion of U2OS and SOSP‐M cells were significantly lower after knock‐down of MTDH. In addition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was reduced after knock‐down of MTDH. Clinicopathologically, overexpression of MTDH was significantly associated with metastasis and poor survival of patients with OS.ConclusionTaken together, our results demonstrate that MTDH mediated metastasis of OS through regulating EMT. This could be an ideal therapeutic target against metastasis of OS.
Canagliflozin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin alone or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea
Authors: Ji L. , Han P. , Liu Y. , Yang G. , Dieu Van N. K. , Vijapurkar U. , Qiu R. , Meininger G. 
Published: September 2014

AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor, in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea.MethodsIn this 18‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase III study, patients (N = 676) received canagliflozin 100 or 300 mg or placebo once daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level from baseline at week 18. Additional endpoints included change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and percent change in body weight. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the study. Efficacy and safety were assessed in the overall population and in two strata based on background therapy.ResultsAt week 18, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg provided significant reductions from baseline in HbA1c compared with placebo (−0.97, −1.06 and −0.47%, respectively; p < 0.001). Relative to placebo, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg also significantly reduced FPG (−1.0 and −1.4 mmol/l) and body weight [−2.2% (−1.5 kg) and −2.3% (−1.6 kg)]. Both canagliflozin doses lowered systolic blood pressure (BP) compared with placebo. The overall incidence of AEs was 38.6, 43.2 and 42.0% with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg and placebo, respectively. The incidence of genital mycotic infections and urinary tract infections was low and similar across groups. Efficacy and safety findings in the two strata were generally consistent with the overall population.ConclusionsCanagliflozin provided glycaemic improvements and reductions in body weight and systolic BP, and was generally well tolerated in Asian patients with T2DM on metformin or metformin in combination with sulphonylurea.
Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with encephalitis requiring intensive care
Authors: Sonneville R. , Gault N. , de Montmollin E. , Klein I. F. , Mariotte E. , Chemam S. , Tubach F. , Mourvillier B. , Timsit J. F. , Wolff M. , Bouadma L. 
Published: September 2014

Background and purposeOur aim was to characterize the clinical profile, temporal changes and outcomes of patients with severe encephalitis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on adult patients with encephalitis admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital over a 20‐year period. Patients' characteristics and outcomes were compared between two 10‐year periods: (i) 1991–2001 and (ii) 2002–2012. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with a poor outcome, as defined by a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 4–6 (severe disability or death) 90 days after admission.ResultsA total of 279 patients were studied. Causes of encephalitis were infections (n = 149, 53%), immune‐mediated causes (n = 41, 15%) and undetermined causes (n = 89, 32%). The distribution of causes differed significantly between the two periods, with an increase in the proportion of encephalitis recognized to be of immune‐mediated causes. At day 90, 208 (75%) patients had an mRS = 0–3 and 71 (25%) had an mRS = 4–6. After adjustment for functional status before admission, the following parameters were independently associated with a poor outcome: coma [odds ratio (OR) 7.09, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 3.06–17.03], aspiration pneumonia (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.47–11.03), a lower body temperature (per 1 degree, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53–0.97), elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein levels (per 1 g/l, OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.17–2.11) and delayed ICU admission (per 1 day, OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.07).ConclusionsIndicators of outcome in adult patients with severe encephalitis reflect both the severity of illness and systemic complications. Our data suggest that patients with acute encephalitis may benefit from early ICU admission.
Anticipative management for coral reef ecosystem services in the 21st century
Authors: Rogers Alice , Harborne Alastair R. , Brown Christopher J. , Bozec Yves‐Marie , Castro Carolina , Chollett Iliana , Hock Karlo , Knowland Cheryl A. , Marshell Alyssa , Ortiz Juan C. , Razak Tries , Roff George , Samper‐Villarreal Jimena , Saunders Megan I. , Wolff Nicholas H. , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUnder projections of global climate change and other stressors, significant changes in the ecology, structure and function of coral reefs are predicted. Current management strategies tend to look to the past to set goals, focusing on halting declines and restoring baseline conditions. Here, we explore a complementary approach to decision making that is based on the anticipation of future changes in ecosystem state, function and services. Reviewing the existing literature and utilizing a scenario planning approach, we explore how the structure of coral reef communities might change in the future in response to global climate change and overfishing. We incorporate uncertainties in our predictions by considering heterogeneity in reef types in relation to structural complexity and primary productivity. We examine 14 ecosystem services provided by reefs, and rate their sensitivity to a range of future scenarios and management options. Our predictions suggest that the efficacy of management is highly dependent on biophysical characteristics and reef state. Reserves are currently widely used and are predicted to remain effective for reefs with high structural complexity. However, when complexity is lost, maximizing service provision requires a broader portfolio of management approaches, including the provision of artificial complexity, coral restoration, fish aggregation devices and herbivore management. Increased use of such management tools will require capacity building and technique refinement and we therefore conclude that diversification of our management toolbox should be considered urgently to prepare for the challenges of managing reefs into the 21st century.
What women want from women's reproductive health research: a qualitative study
Authors: Pandey Shilpi , Porter Maureen , Bhattacharya Siladitya 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundResearchers are being urged to involve patients in the design and conduct of studies in health care with limited insight at present into their needs, abilities or interests. This is particularly true in the field of reproductive health care where many conditions such as pregnancy, menopause and fertility problems involve women who are otherwise healthy.ObjectiveTo ascertain the feasibility of involving patients and members of the public in research on women's reproductive health care (WRH).SettingUniversity and tertiary care hospital in north‐east Scotland; 37 women aged 18–57.MethodFour focus groups and one individual interview were audio‐recorded and verbatim transcripts analysed thematically by two researchers using a grounded theory approach.Results and discussionMost participants were interested in WRH, but some participated to promote a health issue of special concern to them. Priorities for research reflected women's personal concerns: endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, menopause, fertility risks of delaying parenthood and early post‐natal discharge from hospital. Women were initially enthusiastic about getting involved in research on WRH at the design or delivery stage, but after discussion in focus groups, some questioned their ability to do so or the time available to commit to research. None of the respondents expected payment for any involvement, believing that the experience would be rewarding enough in itself.ConclusionsInvolving patients and public in research would include different perspectives and priorities; however, recruiting for this purpose would be challenging.
The hypercoagulable status in common Mediterranean β‐thalassaemia mutations trait
Authors: Labib H. A. , Etewa R. L. , Atia H. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe coagulation activation in β‐thalassaemia is multifactorial and most likely a consequence of the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on RBCs surface. The degree of PS exposure and procoagulant activity of RBCs in β‐thalassaemia trait (BTT) subjects carrying common Mediterranean mutations were assessed.MethodsEighty BTT subjects carrying common Mediterranean mutations (β+, n = 53 and β0, n = 27) and sixty healthy subjects served as controls were studied. Plasma prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), percentage of PS expression on RBCs membrane, clotting times of modified thromboplastin generation test (MTGT) and modified partial thromboplastin with kaolin (MPTTK) were estimated.ResultsThe percentage of annexin V positive RBCs and plasma F1+2 had a significant increase and MTGT had a significant decrease in BTT subjects versus controls and in β0 group versus β+ group. MPTTK was significantly shorter in BTT subjects than controls, but no significant deference between BTT subjects. The percentage of annexin V positive RBCs showed a significant negative correlation with haemoglobin level, MTGT and MPTTK, and a significant positive correlation with plasma F1+2.ConclusionBTT subjects may have a risk of hypercoagulable state particularly in β0 genotype. Measurement of PS exposure on RBCs and the plasma F1+2 is useful to evaluate hypercoagulability state.
Differential diagnosis of microcytic anemia: the role of microcytic and hypochromic erythrocytes
Authors: Urrechaga E. , Hoffmann J. J. M. L. , Izquierdo S. , Escanero J. F. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntroductionVarious indices derived from red blood cell (RBC) parameters have been described for distinguishing thalassemia and iron deficiency. We studied the microcytic to hypochromic RBC ratio as a discriminant index in microcytic anemia and compared it to traditional indices in a learning set and confirmed our findings in a validation set.MethodsThe learning set comprised samples from 371 patients with microcytic anemia mean cell volume (MCV < 80 fL), which were measured on a CELL‐DYN Sapphire analyzer and various discriminant functions calculated. Optimal cutoff values were established using ROC analysis. These values were used in the validation set of 338 patients.ResultsIn the learning set, a microcytic to hypochromic RBC ratio >6.4 was strongly indicative of thalassemia (area under the curve 0.948). Green‐King and England‐Fraser indices showed comparable area under the ROC curve. However, the microcytic to hypochromic ratio had the highest sensitivity (0.964). In the validation set, 91.1% of microcytic patients were correctly classified using the M/H ratio.ConclusionsOverall, the microcytic to hypochromic ratio as measured in CELL‐DYN Sapphire performed equally well as the Green‐King index in identifying thalassemia carriers, but with higher sensitivity, making it a quick and inexpensive screening tool.