bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and luminescence properties of pyrazolone derivatives and their terbium complexes
Authors: Xiao Haihua , Jiang Xi , Li Dong , Wu Limin , Zhang Wu , Guo Dongcai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSeven novel pyrazolone derivatives were synthesized and characterized by1H NMR and13C NMR spectra, mass spectra, infrared spectra and elemental analysis. Their terbium complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, EDTA titrimetric analysis, UV/vis spectra, infrared spectra and molar conductivity, as well as thermal analysis. The fluorescence properties and fluorescence quantum yields of the complexes were investigated at room temperature. The results indicated that pyrazolone derivatives had good energy‐transfer efficiency for the terbium ion. All the terbium complexes emitted green fluorescence characteristic of terbium ions, possessed strong fluorescence intensity, and showed relatively high fluorescence quantum yields. Cyclic voltammograms of the terbium complexes were studied and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of these complexes were estimated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta-analysis of ultrasound-guided biopsy of suspicious axillary lymph nodes in the selection of patients with extensive axillary tumour burden in breast cancer
Authors: van Wely B J , de Wilt J H W , Francissen C , Teerenstra S , Strobbe L J A 
Published: October 2014

Abstract

Background
Recent studies show that not all patients with breast cancer and positive axillary lymph nodes need additional axillary surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was performed to test the hypothesis that ultrasound-guided biopsy of suspicious nodes can be a useful tool to identify patients with extensive axillary tumour burden.

Methods
PubMed and Embase were searched to identify articles reporting on ultrasound-guided techniques to stage the axilla of patients with breast cancer. The emphasis was to study the number of positive nodes found after axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) following a positive ultrasound-guided biopsy or a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Information regarding the number of positive nodes thus had to be available. Results were tested for heterogeneity and a meta-analysis was performed.

Results
A total of 894 articles were identified, and 115 were selected based on title and abstract information by two independent reviewers. After extensive review, 18 articles were eligible for analysis. Eight studies reported sufficient data to perform a meta-analysis comparing 532 patients with a positive ultrasound-guided biopsy with 248 patients with a negative ultrasound-guided biopsy but a positive SLNB. The number of involved nodes was significantly higher in patients in whom axillary metastasis was detected by ultrasound-guided biopsy (P &lt; 0·001). No heterogeneity in the observed effect was found (I2 = 22 per cent, P = 0·26).

Conclusion
Patients with breast cancer in whom axillary metastases are detected by ultrasound-guided biopsy have significantly more involved nodes than SLNB-positive patients. This finding enables further preoperative tailoring of axillary treatment in breast cancer.
An Evolutionary Model Encompassing Substrate Specificity and Reactivity of Type I Polyketide Synthase Thioesterases
Authors: Hari Taylor P. A. , Labana Puneet , Boileau Meaghan , Boddy Christopher N. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBacterial polyketides are a rich source of chemical diversity and pharmaceutical agents. Understanding the biochemical basis for their biosynthesis and the evolutionary driving force leading to this diversity is essential to take advantage of the enzymes as biocatalysts and to access new chemical diversity for drug discovery. Biochemical characterization of the thioesterase (TE) responsible for 6‐deoxyerythronolide macrocyclization shows that a small, evolutionarily accessible change to the substrate can increase the chemical diversity of products, including macrodiolide formation. We propose an evolutionary model in which TEs are by nature non‐selective for the type of chemistry they catalyze, producing a range of metabolites. As one metabolite becomes essential for improving fitness in a particular environment, the TE evolves to enrich for that corresponding reactivity. This hypothesis is supported by our phylogenetic analysis, showing convergent evolution of macrodiolide‐forming TEs.
Combined Operando UV/Vis/IR Spectroscopy Reveals the Role of Methoxy and Aromatic Species during the Methanol‐to‐Olefins Reaction over H‐SAPO‐34
Authors: Qian Qingyun , Vogt Charlotte , Mokhtar Mohamed , Asiri Abdullah M. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Basahel Suliman N. , Ruiz‐Martínez Javier , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe methanol‐to‐olefins (MTO) process over H‐SAPO‐34 is investigated by using an operando approach combining UV/Vis and IR spectroscopies with on‐line mass spectrometry. Methanol, methoxy, and protonated dimethyl ether are the major species during the induction period, whereas polyalkylated benzenes and polyaromatic species are encountered in the active stage of the MTO process. The accessibility of SAPO‐34 is linked with the amount of methoxy species, whereas the formation of polyaromatic species that block the pores is the main cause of deactivation. Furthermore, the reaction pathways responsible for the formation of olefins and polyaromatics co‐exist and compete during the whole MTO process, and both routes are directly related to the amount of surface polyalkylated benzene carbocations and methoxy species. Hence, a first‐order kinetic model is proposed and comparable activation energies for both processes are obtained.
Control of blood pressure by the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system
Authors: Hall John E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractModification of the renin‐angiotensin system, part of a powerful feedback system for long‐term control of arterial pressure and volume homeostasis, through use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, offers a powerful means of reducing blood pressure in many hypertensive patients. There is considerable evidence to suggest that the chronic renal and blood pressure actions of ACE inhibitors are mediated mainly by blockade of angiotensin II formation, rather than by other effects such as increased levels of kinins or prostaglandins. The long‐term actions of angiotensin II and aldosterone on blood pressure are closely intertwined with their effects on volume homeostasis and the renal pressure natriuresis mechanism. In most instances, changes in angiotensin II and aldosterone act to amplify the effectiveness of pressure natriuresis and minimize changes in blood pressure needed to maintain sodium balance. When angiotensin II or aldosterone levels are inappropriately elevated, the antinatriuretic effects of these hormones shift pressure natriuresis to higher levels, thereby necessitating increased blood pressure to maintain sodium balance. Control of renal excretory function and modulation of pressure natriuresis by angiotensin II is mediated by intrarenal and extrarenal effects, including stimulation of aldosterone secretion. Current evidence indicates that the intrarenal effects of angiotensin II are quantitatively more important than changes in aldosterone in regulating renal excretion and arterial pressure. The intrarenal actions of angiotensin II include a direct effect on tubular sodium transport as well as a potent constrictor action on efferent arterioles, which increases reabsorption by altering peritubular capillary forces. The constrictor effect of angiotensin II on efferent arterioles also helps to stabilize glomerular filtration rate and therefore excretion of metabolic waste products, an action that may be particularly important when renal perfusion is impaired (e.g., in renal artery stenosis or heart failure).
The pharmacokinetics of benazepril relative to other ace inhibitors
Authors: Gengo Fran M. , Brady Ellen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBenazepril is a prodrug that, following rapid conversion to benazeprilat, is a potent nonsulfhydryl inhibitor of angiotensin‐converting enzyme. The absorption, bioactivation, distribution, and elimination of benazepril and benazeprilat have been evaluated in healthy subjects, hypertensive patients, and patients with characteristics known to alter the pharmacokinetic disposition of ACE inhibitors, such as renal impairment, hepatic impairment, and advanced age. Following oral administration, benazepril is absorbed and transformed into benazeprilat in the liver. Coadministration of benazepril with food delays absorption slightly but does not affect the ultimate bioavailability of benazeprilat. Severe hepatic impairment slows conversion of benazepril to benazeprilat but does not affect the overall bioavailability of benazeprilat; thus dosage adjustment is not necessary in the hepatically impaired population. Mild‐to‐moderate renal impairment (creatinine clearance > 30 ml/min) slightly increases benazeprilat concentrations; severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min) reduces benazeprilat elimination and requires dosage reduction. In elderly patients, benazepril disposition is the same as in younger patients, although benazeprilat clearance is slightly reduced. No clinically significant drug‐drug interactions occur with benazepril and many other medications commonly prescribed to elderly hypertensive patients. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of benazepril are stable over a wide range of conditions, and dosage adjustments for pharmacokinetic reasons are required infrequently.
Enantioselective Allylation of tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐Protected Vanillin and Synthesis of a Lignan Derivative Isolated from Machilus wangchiana
Authors: Cadart Timothée , Koukal Petr , Kotora Martin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVarious enantioselective allylations and crotylations of tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐protected vanillin were undertaken to assess the best methodology to provide the corresponding homoallylic alcohols in high yields with high enantiopurity. In general, most of the tested allylations proceeded with high enantioselectivities (>92 % ee) and in the case of crotylation also with excellent diastereoselectivity (96 % ee, >98 % de). The product obtained from the crotylation reaction was used in the enantioselective synthesis of the unnatural diastereoisomer of a recently isolated lignan derivative.
Comparison of Linear and Cross‐Conjugation from Rates of Vinylheptafulvene Ring‐Closure
Authors: Fjelbye Kasper , Christensen Trine Nørgaard , Jevric Martyn , Broman Søren Lindbæk , Petersen Anne Ugleholdt , Kadziola Anders , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe concept of cross‐conjugation has in recent years attracted increasing interest in materials science as well as in the field of molecular electronics as a means to tune the optical properties and molecular conductance of nanoscale devices. In this paper we show how the rate of an electrocyclic reaction, the conversion of vinylheptafulvene (VHF) into dihydroazulene (DHA), is influenced by an electron‐withdrawing p‐nitrophenyl group separated from the VHF by either cross‐conjugated or linearly π‐conjugated bridging units. A selection of DHA/VHF molecules with ethyne, 1,1‐ and 1,2‐diethynylethene, and 1,3‐butadiyne bridges was prepared by metal‐catalyzed coupling reactions. The effect of the different conjugated spacers on the kinetics of the conversion of VHF into DHA was examined by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy by monitoring the decay of the VHF absorption. The cross‐conjugated diethynylethene spacer was found to increase the half‐life of the VHF relative to the linearly conjugated spacers.
Cohort study evaluating the risk of hip fracture among patients with dementia in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Shih‐Wei , Lin Jia‐Wei , Liou Tsan‐Hon , Lin Hui‐Wen 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundTo investigate the incidence and risk of hip fracture among dementia patientsMethodsThis is a retrospective population‐based 7‐year cohort study using case–control matched analysis database from Taiwan's Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005. Patients were diagnosed with codes or International Classification of Diseases‐9‐CM codes of dementia, between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2006. The prevalence and the adjusted odds ratio of hip fracture among dementia patients and the controls were estimated.ResultsWe enrolled 3101 patients with dementia in the dementia cohort and 12,404 (1:4) patients in the control group. Of these, 202 patients experienced hip fractures. The incidence of hip fracture was 1178 per 100,000 person‐years in the dementia cohort and 624 per 100,000 person‐years in the comparison cohort. The hip fracture hazard ratio during the follow‐up period was 1.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–2.23,p < 0.001) for dementia patients. After adjusting for the covariates, the hazard ratio of hip fracture was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.19–1.69,p < 0.001) for dementia patients.ConclusionPeople with dementia experience an increased incidence of hip fracture and are at a higher risk of sustaining a hip fracture in the future. Proper and effective hip fracture‐prevention strategies are essential for dementia patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of quantitative 18F‐FDG‐PET‐CT imaging parameters and human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Schouten Charlotte S. , Hakim Sara , Boellaard R. , Bloemena Elisabeth , Doornaert Patricia A. , Witte Birgit I. , Braakhuis Boudewijn J. M. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Leemans C. René , Hoekstra Otto S. , de Bree Remco 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have a better survival than with HPV‐negative oropharyngeal SCC. An 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐CT (18F‐FDG‐PET‐CT) may also provide prognostic information. We evaluated glycolytic characteristics in HPV‐negative and HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC.MethodsForty‐four patients underwent pretreatment 18F‐FDG‐PET‐CT. Standardized uptake values (SUVs) and metabolic active tumor volumes (MATVs) were determined for primary tumors. HPV status was determined with p16 immunostaining, followed by high‐risk HPV DNA detection on the positive cases.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients were HPV‐positive (61.4%). Median MATV was 2.8 mL (range = 1.6–5.1 mL) for HPV‐positive and 6.0 mL (range = 4.4–18.7 mL) for HPV‐negative tumors (p < .001). SUV values are volume dependent (partial volume effect), therefore, MATV was included as covariate in multivariate analysis. In this multivariate analysis, the maximum SUV in HPV‐positive tumors was 3.9 units lower than in HPV‐negative tumors (p = .01).ConclusionThe 18F‐FDG‐PET‐CT parameters are lower in HPV‐positive than in HPV‐negative patients. Low pretreatment SUV values in HPV‐positive oropharyngeal SCC may be at least partly explained by HPV‐induced tumor changes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 529–535, 2016
Evaluation of a class of polyurethane materials for intraocular lens manufacturing
Authors: Bozukova Dimitriya , Bertrand Virginie , Pagnoulle Christophe , De Pauw‐Gillet Marie‐Claire 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOphthalmic lenses are medical devices with considerable requirements in terms of optical, biomechanical and biological performance. There is limited number of materials used for their manufacturing, comprising mainly silicones and poly(meth)acrylates. This series of publications aims at investigating the applicability of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) for the manufacturing of ophthalmic lenses and examining the properties of the respective devices. This study is related to the synthesis of TPUs with chemical compositions that comprise chemically grafted filters for the hazardous‐light. GC‐MS, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopies confirmed the reaction completion and the beneficial effect of the filters on the light transmittance, respectively. Relatively high refractive index of the material was measured and allows for the manufacturing of thinner lenses. The contrast sensitivity determined for a model intraocular lens (IOL) was satisfactory. Few optical defects were, however, present on the model lens prepared by thermoplastic injection molding. The elasticity of the materials was evaluated in view to their potential applicability as foldable IOLs by determining their glass transition temperature and their Young modulus and measuring their shore A. The TPU materials demonstrated more bioadhesive character compared with a benchmark hydrophilic acrylic reference material, which is already used for IOL manufacturing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1274–1286, 2015.
Mesenchymal stem cell expression of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1β augments bone formation in a model of local regenerative therapy
Authors: Herberg Samuel , Kondrikova Galina , Hussein Khaled A. , Johnson Maribeth H. , Elsalanty Mohammed E. , Shi Xingming , Hamrick Mark W. , Isales Carlos M. , Hill William D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBone has the potential for spontaneous healing. However, this process often fails in patients with co‐morbidities requiring clinical intervention. Numerous studies have revealed that bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) hold great potential for regenerative therapies. Common problems include poor cell engraftment, which can be addressed by irradiation prior to transplantation. Increasing evidence suggests that stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) is involved in bone formation. However, osteogenic contributions of the beta splice variant of SDF‐1 (SDF‐1β), which is highly expressed in bone, remain unclear. Using the tetracycline (Tet)‐regulatory system we have shown that SDF‐1β enhances BMSC osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Here we test the hypothesis that SDF‐1β augments bone formation in vivo in a model of local BMSC transplantation following irradiation. We found that SDF‐1β, expressed at high levels in Tet‐Off‐SDF‐1β BMSCs, augments the cell‐mediated therapeutic effects resulting in enhanced bone formation, as evidenced by ex vivo μCT and bone histomorphometry. The data demonstrate the specific contribution of SDF‐1β to BMSC‐mediated bone formation, and validate the feasibility of the Tet‐Off technology to regulate SDF‐1β expression in vivo. In conclusion, SDF‐1β provides potent synergistic effects supporting BMSC‐mediated bone formation and appears a suitable candidate for optimization of bone augmentation in translational protocols. Published 2014. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. J Orthop Res 33:174–184, 2015.
Generation of sub‐terahertz repetition rates from a monolithic self‐mode‐locked laser coupled with an external Fabry‐Perot cavity
Authors: Chen Y. F. , Chang M. T. , Zhuang W. Z. , Su K. W. , Huang K. F. , Liang H. C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA novel scheme to multiply the repetition rate of a monolithic self‐mode‐locked laser for generating sub‐terahertz pulse sources is successfully demonstrated. A coated Yb:KGW crystal is designed to achieve a self‐mode‐locked operation at a repetition rate of 24 GHz with an average output power exceeding 1.0 W at a pump power of 4.8 W. A partially reflective mirror is utilized to combine with the output surface of the gain medium to constitute an external Fabry‐Perot cavity. It is theoretically and experimentally verified that adjusting the external cavity length to satisfy the commensurate condition can lead to the frequency spacing to be various order harmonics of the mode spacing of the monolithic cavity. The maximum pulse repetition rate of the laser output can be up to 216 GHz and the pulse duration is as short as 330 fs. More importantly, the overall characteristics of the first‐order temporal autocorrelation traces obtained by sequentially scanning the external cavity.length display an intriguing phenomenon of temporally fractional revivals, similar to the feature of spatial Talbot revivals.
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Diagnostic Performance of the “Huffing and Puffing” Sign in Functional (Psychogenic) Movement Disorders
Authors: Laub Holly N. , Dwivedi Alok K. , Revilla Fredy J. , Duker Andrew P. , Pecina‐Jacob Cara , Espay Alberto J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe aimed at determining the diagnostic value of effort‐associated behaviors (“huffing and puffing” spectrum) in patients with psychogenic movement disorders. Three blinded clinicians rated presence, severity, and duration of effort‐associated features during standing and walking tasks on edited videos of 131 patients with psychogenic gait disorders and 37 with organic gait disorders. Huffing, grunting, grimacing, and breath holding were the most common effort‐associated behaviors in patients with psychogenic gait disorders, with a combined prevalence of 44% and disproportionate to the severity of gait impairment, compared to organic gait disorders. The presence of huffing and puffing–type behaviors yielded a relatively low sensitivity, but high specificity, for the diagnosis of psychogenic movement disorders, increasing the odds of diagnosis 13‐fold (95% confidence interval: 4.2–43.8), compared to organic gait disorders. Demonstration of effort‐associated behaviors during standing and walking strongly supports the psychogenic nature of disorders when gait is involved.
Design, fabrication and characterisation of a 24.4% efficient interdigitated back contact solar cell
Authors: Franklin Evan , Fong Kean , McIntosh Keith , Fell Andreas , Blakers Andrew , Kho Teng , Walter Daniel , Wang Da , Zin Ngwe , Stocks Matthew , Wang Er‐Chien , Grant Nicholas , Wan Yimao , Yang Yang , Zhang Xueling , Feng Zhiqiang , Verlinden Pierre J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells developed at the Australian National University have resulted in an independently confirmed (Fraunhofer Institut für Solare Energiesysteme (ISE) CalLab) designated‐area efficiency of 24.4 ± 0.7%, featuring short‐circuit current density of 41.95 mA/cm2, open‐circuit voltage of 703 mV and 82.7% fill factor. The cell, 2 × 2 cm2 in area, was fabricated on a 230 µm thick 1.5 Ω cm n‐type Czochralski wafer, utilising plasma‐enhanced chemical vapour deposition (CVD) SiNx front‐surface passivation without front‐surface diffusion, rear‐side thermal oxide/low‐pressure CVD Si3N4 passivation stack and evaporated aluminium contacts with a finger‐to‐finger pitch of 500 µm. This paper describes the design and fabrication of lab‐scale high‐efficiency IBC cells. Characterisation of optical and electronic properties of the best produced cell is made, with subsequent incorporation into 3D device modelling used to accurately quantify all losses. Loss analysis demonstrates that bulk and emitter recombination, bulk resistive and optical losses are dominant and suggests a clear route to efficiency values in excess of 25%. Additionally, laser processing is explored as a means to simplify the manufacture of IBC cells, with a confirmed efficiency value of 23.5% recorded for cells fabricated using damage‐free deep UV laser ablation for contact formation. Meanwhile all‐laser‐doped cells, where every doping and patterning step is performed by lasers, are demonstrated with a preliminary result of 19.1% conversion efficiency recorded. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.