bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after brain injury: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Yan Dong , Simei Liu , Hongzhao Bai , Hongyan Du , Yuchao Ding 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe findings regarding the prognosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness (PDOC) vary widely among different studies. This study aims to investigate the mortality, consciousness recovery and disabilities of patients with PDOC after brain injury.MethodsA total of 204 patients with PDOC were included in a longitudinal cohort study, including 129 males and 75 females. There were 112 cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI), 62 cases of cerebral hemorrhage (CH), 13 cases of cerebral infarction (CI) and 17 cases of ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy (IHE). The status of consciousness at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 months of the disease course was assessed or followed up using the Revised Coma Recovery Scale (CRS-R). If the patients were conscious, the disability Rating Scale (DRS) was also performed. The prognosis of different PDOC including coma, vegetative state (VS) and minimal conscious state (MCS) was analyzed. The survival patients were screened for variables and included in multivariate binary Logistic regression to screen the factors affecting the recovery of consciousness.ResultsThe mortality rates at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months were 10.7, 23.4, 38.9, and 68.4%, respectively. The median time of death was 18 months (8.75, 29). The probability of MCS regaining consciousness was higher than VS (p &lt; 0.05), with the degree of disability left lower than VS (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference between MCS− and MCS+ groups in terms of the probability of regaining consciousness, the extent of residual disability, and mortality rates (p &gt; 0.05). The mortality rate of coma was higher than that of other PDOC (p &lt; 0.05). The mortality rate of MCS was lower than that of VS, but the difference was not statistically significant (p &gt; 0.05). The probability of consciousness recovery after TBI was the highest and the mortality rate was the lowest. The possibility of consciousness recovery in IHE was the least, and the mortality rate of CI was the highest. The cause of brain injury and initial CRS-R score were the factors affecting the consciousness recovery of patients (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe prognosis of MCS is more favorable than VS, with comparable outcomes between MCS− and MCS+, while comatose patients was the poorest. TBI has the best prognosis and IHE has the worst prognosis.
Microplastics and cadmium pollution in Chinese sweet potato fields
Authors: Shi Liang , Xu Yuan , Chen Zanming , Liu Binhao , Hou Yanan , Li Jianmin , Dang Fei , Wang Yujun , Shen Zhenguo , Yang Jinghui , Chen Yahua 
Published: July 2024

Context and backgroundMicroplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) coexist in the farmland of China.MotivationIt still remains unclear the extent of their exposure and distribution in sweet potato fields.HypothesisPolyethylene (PE) or polyamide (PA) is the main MP pollutant in contaminated sweet potato sites, and the MP abundance in low-latitude and eastern areas is highest. Methods: In this study, saturated NaCl solution, a stereo microscope, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and an electrothermal digester are used for the extraction, observation, identification of MPs, and analysis of Cd elements in soil, respectively.MethodsIn this study, saturated NaCl solution, a stereo microscope, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and an electrothermal digester are used for the extraction, observation, identification of MPs, and analysis of Cd elements in soil, respectively.ResultsHere, we found an average MP level of 112,400 items/kg in 30 sweet potato field sites based on the items in 5 g soil and the magnification (200x), and the maximum abundance was 197,153 items/kg in Laiyang city, Shandong province, by field survey. The distribution characteristics of MPs are middle-latitude areas &lt; low-latitude areas, and eastern areas &gt; central areas. Most MPs are of the fragment and film shape, which account for 47.96 and 40.22%, respectively. In order to detect MP polymers in three cities named “Liancheng,” “Huanggang,” and “Laiyang” with different degrees of development, a laser infrared imaging system was used as a novel instrument to explore the MPs larger than 10 μm.ConclusionThe results showed that PA is the main MP pollutant in contaminated sweet potato sites, and soil texture, planting time, and urbanization processes may be the main factors affecting MP distribution. The average cadmium (Cd) concentration in 215 field sites is 0.15 mg/kg, and the local Cd pollution is existing, but the overall pollution is low. In addition, Cd concentration was negatively correlated with MP abundance. This study reveals the status of MP and also Cd pollution in sweet potato fields, which provides a theoretical basis for the safe production and utilization of sweet potato fields.
Identification of the Key Gene DfCCoAOMT1 through Comparative Analysis of Lignification in Dendrocalamus farinosus XK4 and ZPX Bamboo Shoots during Cold Storage
Authors: Zhao Xin , Song Wenjuan , Chen Sen , Xu Gang , Long Zhijian , Yang Heyi , Cao Ying , Hu Shanglian 
Published: July 2024

Dendrocalamus farinosus bamboo shoots, a species with rich nutritional value, are important in Southwest China. Lignin is an important factor affecting the postharvest flavor quality of bamboo shoots; however, the underlying mechanism of lignin deposition in D. farinosus bamboo shoots during cold storage is still not fully understood. In this study, the mutant D. farinosus XK4 with low lignin content at 3.11% and the cultivated variety ZPX at 4.47% were used as experimental materials. The lignin content of D. farinosus XK4 and ZPX, as well as the gene expression differences between them, were compared and analyzed during cold storage using transcriptomic and physiological methods. Our analysis revealed several key genes and found that D. farinosus CCoAOMT1 plays a key role in the regulatory network of bamboo shoots during cold storage. Tobacco heterologous transformation experiments demonstrated that overexpression of DfCCoAOMT1 significantly increases lignin content. This study provides a novel foundation for future research aimed at improving the postharvest quality and flavor of D. farinosus bamboo shoots through targeted genetic manipulation during cold storage.
Modelled Water and Phosphorus Transports in the Archipelago Sea and through the Åland Sea in the Northern Baltic Sea and Their Links to Water Quality
Authors: Helminen Harri , Inkala Arto 
Published: July 2024

The Baltic Sea is currently classified as ‘affected by eutrophication’. In this study, water exchanges and net phosphorus flows in the Archipelago Sea and through the Åland Sea from the Baltic proper was estimated with the aid of a 3-D hydrodynamic model for the years 2000–2021. The modelling configuration is based on the Copernicus regional reanalysis data. Water flowed from the Baltic proper to the Bothnian Sea at 669 km3/a and out from there at 879 km3/a. The inflow occurred in the deep-water layer (over 40 m), while the outflow occurred in the surface layer (0–40 m). With the inflow, 14,500 tons/a of phosphorus were transported during the years 2000–2014, but the amount increased to 20,300 tons per year from 2015 to 2021. At the same time, the winter-time concentrations of DIP in the Bothnian Sea almost doubled. In the Archipelago Sea, the main flow direction of water was from south to north from 2000 to 2014. From 2015 to 2021, the net flow direction reversed, and water flowed from the Archipelago Sea to the Baltic proper in the surface layer at a rate of 140 km3/a. At the same time, the background loading of phosphorus entering the Archipelago Sea with the flows decreased significantly and the chlorophyll-a concentration decreased below the threshold for a good ecological status. The U-turn in surface currents in the Archipelago Sea since 2015 may be related to variations in upwellings caused by climate change.
Biosorption of Cd(II), Co(II), and Cu(II) onto Microalgae under Acidic and Neutral Conditions
Authors: Phiri Jesse T. , Oh Sanghwa 
Published: July 2024

The biosorption of Cd, Co, and Cu onto three microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus sp., and Spirulina platensis) was compared to determine the microalgae’s capability for heavy metal adsorption in acidic and neutral environments. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were used to characterize the adsorption of the heavy metals onto microalgae. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) determined using the Langmuir and D-R model showed results in the order of Cu > Co > Cd in both acidic and neutral conditions. A shift from acidic to neutral conditions increased the microalgae’s adsorption affinity for heavy metals, as determined using the Freundlich parameter (KF). The adsorption affinity of the biomass for Cd and Co was in the order S. platensis > C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp. while that of Cu was in the order C. vulgaris > Scenedesmus sp. > S. platensis. In addition, it was found that the adsorption of Cd and Co enhanced the production of Dissolved Organic Content (DOC) as a byproduct of biosorption, whereas the adsorption of Cu appeared to suppress the generation of DOC. The mean adsorption energy (E) values computed by the D-R model were less than 8 (kJ/mol), indicating that physisorption was the primary force of sorption in both acidic and neutral settings. The findings of this study suggest that microalgae may be used as a low-cost adsorbent for metal removal from industrial effluent.
THE SHADOW ECONOMY IN RUSSIA AS ONE OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF INCORRECT ELEMENTS OF THE ECONOMIC POLICY
Authors: Комбаров М.А. 
Published: July 2024

Исследование направлено на изучение масштабов российской теневой экономики в последние десятилетия и сравнение их с аналогичными показателями многих других стран мира, находящихся как в Европе, так и в самых отсталых регионах планеты. В статье обозначены системные свойства теневой экономики, приведена ее классическая типология по критерию отношения к официальной. Далее в статье рассматриваются причины возникновения данного явления, его положительные и отрицательные стороны, а также сказано о допустимых его размерах и возможных способах борьбы с ним. На основе официальных данных Международного Валютного Фонда проведён анализ уровня теневой экономики во многих странах мира, включая Россию. По его итогам установлено, что такой показатель обратно пропорционален степени экономического развития того или иного государства, и в нашей стране его значение находится выше допустимых пределов, обгоняя абсолютно все мировые державы и даже несколько отсталых стран Африки. Путём изучения отдельных нормативноправовых актов, регулирующих сферу экономики, выявлены причины этого факта. Важнейшей проблемой является отсутствие должного внимания к данной проблеме со стороны государства.
The study is aimed at studying the scale of the Russian shadow economy in the last decade and comparing them with similar indicators of many other countries in Europe and in the most backward regions of the world. The article identifies the system properties of the shadow economy, shows its classical typology by the criterion of attitude to the official one. It discusses the causes of this phenomenon further in the article, its positive on the negative side, it is also written about the permissible dimensions and possible ways of dealing with it. Based on the official data of the International Monetary Fund, the level of the current economy in many countries, including Russia, was analyzed. According to its results, such an indicator is inversely proportional to the degree of economic development of a state, and in our country its value is above the permissible limits, covering absolutely all the world powers and even a few backward African countries. By studying the separate normative legal acts regulating the sphere of economy, the reasons of this fact are revealed. The most important problem is the lack of due attention to this problem from the state.
ABOUT THE applying THE FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN STUDYING THE IMPACT OF PENSION AGE INCREASING ON FERTILITY IN RUSSIA
Authors: Кулькова И.А. 
Published: July 2024

В статье изучаются вопросы повышения пенсионного возраста в различных странах мира и возможное влияние такого повышения на рождаемость в данных странах. Исследование проведено автором на основе логического анализа данных в СМИ о состоянии и изменении пенсионных систем в странах мира и о традициях по помощи старшего поколения (бабушек и дедушек) в присмотре за внуками, их воспитании. Автор проанализировал текущий пенсионный возраст мужчин и женщин в сорока странах мира и регионах и планы по повышению данного возраста в ближайшие годы анализ показал, что Россия приступила к повышению пенсионного возраста одной из последних среди экономически развитых стран. Выводы, сделанные на основе анализа, позволяют автору утверждать, что использование зарубежного опыта в направлении изучения влияния повышения пенсионного возраста на рождаемость является затруднительным. Автор выявил две основные причины: (1) пенсионные реформы в большинстве стран еще не закончены и проводятся медленно, поэтому результаты влияния будут размыты во времени (2) существует значительная разница в культурных традициях воспитания детей и участия в этом процессе бабушек и дедушек.
The article studies the issues of the retirement age increase in various countries of the world and the possible impact of such an increase on the birth rate in these countries. The study was conducted by the author on the basis of a logical analysis of data in the media about the state and changes in pension systems in countries around the world and on traditions of older generation (grandparents) support in looking after their grandchildren. The author analyzed the current retirement age in forty countries and regions and their plans to rise this age in the coming years. The analysis showed that Russia was one of the last among economically developed countries who started the retirement age raising. The conclusions made on the basis of the analysis allow the author to assert that the foreign experience use in studying the impact of the retirement age raising on fertility is difficult. The author has identified two main reasons: (1) pension reforms in most countries are not yet completed and are carried out slowly, so the impact results will be blurred over time (2) there is a significant difference in the cultural traditions of the children upbringing and the participation of grandparents in this process.
PERSONNEL ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN SVYAZNOY LOGISTIKA JSC
Authors: Парфенова Н.И. 
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена анализу системы оценки и развития персонала в компании АО Связной Логистика. Актуальность темы исследования обусловлена тем, что инвестиции компании в обучение и развитие персонала окупается улучшением экономических показателей деятельности, повышением лояльности персонала и сокращением текучести кадров. Автор статьи доказывает преимущества развития персонала и инвестиций в развитие, определяет цель и факторы развития персонала. Далее автор анализирует, как организовано обучение и оценка персонала в компании АО Связной Логистика. Для оценки результативности проводимого обучения проанализированы результаты тестирования менеджеров по продажам. Выявлено, что более половины персонала не мотивированы на прохождение тестирования по профессиональным знаниям, и чаще увольняются из компании, чем те, кто проходит обучение и тестирование. Более высокие результаты показывают сотрудники, которые проходят обучение и оценку знаний для карьерного роста. Выявлено, что наилучшие результаты оценки наблюдаются у администраторов торговых точек, имеющих стаж от 1,5 до 5,6 лет. На основе проведенного анализа системы оценки и развития персонала организации, автором даны рекомендации по повышению мотивации работников к прохождению обучения и тестирования.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the personnel appraisal and development system in the Svyaznoy Logistics JSC. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that the companys investment in staff training and development pays off by improving economic performance, increasing employee loyalty and reducing staff turnover. The author of the article proves the benefits of staff development and investment in development, determines the staff development purpose and factors. The author analyzes how the training and personnel assessment is organized in the Svyaznoy Logistics JSC further. To assess the effectiveness of conducted training, the results of testing sales managers are analyzed. It was revealed that more than half of the staff are not motivated to undergo testing on professional knowledge, and they leave the company more often than those who are trained and tested. Higher results are shown by employees who receive training and assessment of knowledge for career growth. It was revealed that the best evaluation results are observed for administrators of retail outlets who have experience from 1.5 to 5.6 years. Based on the analysis of the personnel assessment and development system, the author made recommendations on how to increase the employees motivation to undergo training and testing.
IMPROVEMENT THE STAFF RECRUITMENT ORGANIZING: CASE STUDY OMEGASERVICE LLC
Authors: Кулькова М.В. 
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена вопросам улучшения организации работы по привлечению, подбору, отбору и найму персонала в организации. В качестве объекта исследования взят процесс приема на работу в строительной организации ООО ОмегаСервис, где автором были выявлен ряд проблем и недостатков в организации приема персонала на предприятии. Также в статье описаны результаты анализа удовлетворенности персонала строительной компании, проведенного методом социологического анкетирования работников. Рассчитан общий индекс удовлетворенности персонала. Были предложены мероприятия по совершенствованию работы приёма кадров: предложено разработать Положения о приёме, подборе и адаптации персонала, определены его разделы. Кроме того, предложено использовать организационный план мероприятий отдела кадров, разработана анкета, которую предложено заполнять увольняющимся работникам. Для совершенствования управления адаптацией вновь принятого персонала регламентирован процесс адаптации по этапам. Предложено определять адекватных требований к кандидатам на основе профстандартов и профессиограмм. Автором разработан алгоритм процесса приёма персонала в организации. Для улучшения HRбренда предложены способы нематериальной мотивации персонала. Рассчитаны затраты на внедрение всех предложенных мероприятий, а также рассчитана экономическая эффективность предложенных мероприятий.
The article is devoted to issues of improving the work on attracting, selecting and hiring personnel in the organization. The hiring process in the construction organization OmegaService LLC was taken as an object of study, where the author identified a number of problems and shortcomings in the staff reception organization. The article also describes the analysis results of the staff satisfaction, conducted by the sociological questioning method. The general staff satisfaction index is calculated. Measures were proposed to improve the recruitment process: it was proposed to develop Regulations on the personnel recruitment, selection and adaptation, its sections were determined. In addition, it was proposed to use the organizational plan of the personnel departments activities a questionnaire was developed, which was proposed to be filled by the departing employees. To improve the adaptation management of newly hired personnel, the adaptation process is regulated in stages. It is proposed to determine adequate requirements for candidates on the basis of professional standards and professiograms. The author has developed an algorithm for the recruitment process in the organization. To improve the HR brand, methods of nonmaterial staff motivation are proposed. The costs of implementing all the proposed measures are calculated, and the economic efficiency of the proposed measures is calculated.
Cost Factors and Performance Indicators in Business Value Management
Authors: Волкова Ю.В. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрены факторы, которые влияют на стоимость компании, а также индикаторы стоимости, на основании которых можно судить об эффективности управления бизнеса. Автор предпринимает попытку определить термин факторы стоимости компании, определяет принципы, которые необходимо учитывать для правильного определения факторов стоимости компании. Далее в статье изучается классификация факторов, определяются внешние и внутренние факторы стоимости, а также финансовые и нефинансовые. Делается вывод, что менеджмент компании в основном воздействует на внутренние финансовые факторы, поэтому они являются основой для создания рыночной стоимости бизнеса и для её дальнейшего повышения. Во второй части статьи автор определяет индикаторы стоимости, которые выстроены в иерархию, состоящую из 4 уровней, каждый из которых характеризует влияние на стоимость бизнеса. Подобная иерархия позволяет выстроить систему управления стоимостью компании как на операционном уровне, так и на стратегическом. Статья может представлять интерес для специалистов, занимающихся управлением стоимостью бизнеса в компаниях, а также для студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов экономических специальностей.
The article discusses the factors that affect the value of the company, as well as cost indicators, on the basis of which one can judge the effectiveness of business management. The author attempts to define the term company value factors, determines the principles that must be considered for the correct determination of the company value factors. The classification of factors is studied further in the article external and internal cost factors are singled out, as well as financial and nonfinancial ones. Concluded that the companys management mainly affects the internal financial factors, so they are the basis for creating the market value of the business and for its further increase. The cost indicators are arranged in a hierarchy, which consist of four levels, each of which characterizes the impact on the value of the business. Such a hierarchy allows building a companys value management system both at the operational level and at the strategic level. The article may be of interest to professionals involved in managing the business cost in companies, as well as for students of economic faculties.