bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle filter data assimilation for ubiquitous unstable trajectories of two-dimensional three-state cellular automata
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Sakamoto Hideyuki , Ohhigashi Marimo , Shima Shin-ichiro , Sluka Travis , Miyoshi Takemasa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstimating the states of error-growing (sensitive to initial state) cellular automata (CA) based on noisy imperfect data is challenging due to the discreteness of the dynamical system. This paper proposes particle filter (PF)–based data assimilation (DA) for three-state error-growing CA and demonstrates that the PF-based DA can predict the present and future state even with noisy and sparse observations. The error-growing CA used in the present study comprised a competitive system of land, grass, and sheep. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first application of DA to such CA. The performance of DA for different observation sets was evaluated in terms of observational error, density, and frequency, and a series of sensitivity tests of the internal parameters in the DA was conducted. The inflation and localization parameters were tuned according to the sensitivity tests.
A scaling law approach to rate fabrication tolerances of double-sided electrostatic actuators
Authors: Wall Franziska , Schenk Hermann A. G. , Melnikov Anton , Kaiser Bert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSymmetric double-sided electrostatic actuators in push-pull configuration are particularly suitable for linear actuation with low harmonic distortion. However, their motion still is largely determined by pull-in instabilities that are sensitive to geometry variations. A considerable simulation effort is therefore required when assessing manufacturing tolerances during the design process or determining the optimal operating point. Recently, an accurate method was demonstrated, allowing for the numerically inexpensive and experimentally non-destructive extraction of the full quasi-static performance of a clamped-free beam-like electrostatic micro-mechanical actuator with complex 3D design. The key step was to determine the voltage scaling related to the pull-in voltage based on data collected far away from pull-in conditions. This relates a dimensionless ansatz to the physical input voltages as well as the output like e.g. the actuator’s tip deflection. For the chosen approach, however, the relationship between the model and the geometry parameters is unknown. In this paper we propose a method to enable quantifying the impact of geometry parameter variations. In particular, we adapt the model equation for the case of symmetry-breaking tolerances on the basis of few FEM-simulations. The quasi-static pull-in instability, as well as the nonlinear deflection, are consistently reproduced over the full range of relevant combinations of signal and bias voltages. Our analysis was developed in the context of a specific electro-acoustic transducer. However, we find indications that the underlying method is in fact applicable to a much broader range of micro-mechanical actuators.
Quadruple impact of SPM, XPM, FWM and SRS nonlinear impairments on the performance of DWDM-PON
Authors: Karlık Sait Eser 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (DWDM-PONs) have become a considerable choice for 5G and beyond fronthaul implementations. Formerly, we have proposed a full-duplex bidirectional DWDM-PON architecture convenient for those implementations and analyzed the combined dual impact of four-wave mixing (FWM) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) nonlinear impairments on the proposed architecture. Meanwhile, a detailed literature analysis showed us that the combined quadruple impact of self phase modulation (SPM), cross phase modulation (XPM), FWM and SRS on the performance of bidirectional DWDM-PONs have never been researched up to now. In this paper, quadruple impact of SPM, XPM, FWM and SRS on the performance of both uplink channels (ULCs) and downlink channels (DLCs) of the formerly proposed DWDM-PON has been analyzed with simulations. Simulations have been performed in O-band region for ULCs and in C-band region for DLCs of 2 × 15- and 2 × 63-channel DWDM-PONs having 12.5 GHz, 25 GHz, 50 GHz, 100 GHz equally-spaced channels. The quadruple impact of optical nonlinear impairments on the DWDM-PON performance has been analyzed with signal-to-crosstalk ratio (SXR) simulations performed under varying channel input powers and channel lengths. Results show that under the quadruple nonlinear impact reliable bidirectional transmission with an SXR over 23 dB can be achieved for channel input powers below 0.58 mW and 0.16 mW in 2 × 15- and 2 × 63-channel DWDM-PONs, respectively, for all channel spacing values and 25 km transmission lengths. Moreover, results also imply that variations in channel lengths do not significantly affect SXR at both ULCs and DLCs of 2 × 15- and 2 × 63-channel DWDM-PONs for lengths exceeding 50 km. The thorough analysis presented in the paper will give a new insight for analysis of conventional and next generation PONs.
Understanding narratives in different media formats: Processes and products of elementary-school children’s comprehension of texts and videos
Authors: Venneker Dianne , Helder Anne , van den Broek Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigated similarities and differences in children’s (N = 83, grades 4–6) narrative comprehension between text, audio, and non-verbal video, including measures of both comprehension products and processes. The aim was to understand how children engage with information across various media and, in doing so, address inconsistent findings in the existing literature. Comprehension products were assessed through open-ended questions and recall, and comprehension processes through think-aloud protocols. Results revealed that children answered more comprehension questions correctly for video versions of the narratives than for text versions, particularly children with lower reading comprehension skills. No advantage of video over text was found for the recall task. Think-aloud responses during narrative comprehension revealed similar processing patterns for text and video, with a general tendency to report information close to the story rather than elaborate based on background knowledge. However, video versions prompted children to activate background knowledge to a greater extent than did text versions, suggesting an advantage of video at the situation-model level. Notably, differences between video and text versions cannot be attributed solely to the absence of decoding demands in video, as similar differences were found between video and audio versions. These results suggest (a) considerable similarities in both process and product across media, but (b) non-verbal videos elicit more situation-model processes than texts do, (c) non-verbal videos have an advantage over text with regard to performance on the comprehension questions, especially for less-skilled comprehenders. These findings illustrate the nuanced relationship between media affordances and comprehension processes and outcomes.
Thematic Coherence in Classroom Discourse: A Question Centered Approach
Authors: Hejl Cæcilie Damgaard Ketil , Petersen Esben Nedenskov 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article discusses the place of thematic coherence in various approaches to educational dialogue and proposes a unifying approach to the analysis of thematic coherence of classroom conversations based on research in educational dialogue, philosophy of language and recent advances in linguistic research on discourse structure. Addressing the same main question is crucial to preserving thematic coherence in a conversation and is considered a key criterion of quality in classroom dialogues across the field of research in dialogic teaching, e.g., in Alexander’s Dialogic Teaching, Michaels and colleagues’ Accountable Talk, and Mercer’s Interthinking. Nonetheless, a shared definition of thematic coherence is missing in the field. In order to provide such a conception, we propose a question centered approach to evaluating the thematic coherence of educational discourse. On this proposal, the thematic coherence of a conversation depends on how a conversational contribution relates to a conversation’s overall question under discussion. We show how this approach may be used to examine thematic coherence and incoherence and argue that the proposal’s focus on utterance level features of discourse has an advantage in helping researchers track how specific linguistic features of dialogue shape classroom conversations.
Optimizing cell association in 5G and beyond networks: a modified load-aware biased technique
Authors: Alam Mohammed Jaber , Chugh Ritesh , Azad Salahuddin , Hossain Md Rahat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCellular networks are moving towards increasing heterogeneity by deploying more small cells into macro base station (MBS) to meet rapidly growing traffic demands. To leverage the advantages of these small cells, mobile users should be offloaded onto small base stations (BSs), which will typically be lightly populated and can give a higher data rate by presenting the mobile users with many more channels than the MBS. Likewise, a more balanced cell association will lessen the pressure on the MBS, allowing it to serve its remaining users more effectively. This paper addresses the cell association challenge for Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in terms of throughput and load-balancing for 5G and future generation networks. This problem is quite challenging because BSs have varying backhaul capacities and users have varying QoS needs. Most of the previous studies are based on reference signal received power (RSRP), signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) or its variants and most importantly majority of them are not load-aware. Therefore, a modified load-aware biased cell association scheme based on distance is proposed to attain better QoS provisioning in terms of throughput and load-balancing. Simulation results depict that the proposed load-aware-based method outperforms conventional cell association schemes based on RSRP and its variants, and in terms of throughput and load-balancing. Furthermore, the algorithm’s complexity has been assessed through a comparison and analysis of computational time, demonstrating better performance compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
Causes and predictors of recurrent unplanned hospital admissions in heart failure patients: a cohort study
Authors: Kalter-Leibovici Ofra , Murad Havi , Ziv Arnona , Keidan Tomer , Orion Alon , Afel Yoav , Gilutz Harel , Freimark Dov , Klibansky-Marom Rachel , Freedman Laurence , Silber Haim 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite progress in therapy, heart failure (HF) inflicts a heavy burden of hospital admissions. In this study, we identified among 1360 community-dwelling HF patients (mean age 70.7 ± 11.3 years, 72.5% men) subgroups sharing similar profiles of unplanned hospital admissions, based on the admission causes and frequency of each cause. Hospital discharge summaries were reviewed for the main admission cause. Patient subgroups were identified via cluster analysis. We investigated baseline predictors associated with these subgroups, using multinomial logistic models. During 3421 patient-years, there were 5192 hospital admissions, of which 4252 (82%) were unplanned. We identified five patient subgroups (clusters 1–5) with distinctive hospitalization profiles. HF accounted for approximately one-third of admissions in the first patient cluster (23% of the patient sample). In contrast, patients in the second cluster (39% of the patient sample) were hospitalized for various reasons, with no single prominent admission cause identified. The other three clusters, comprising 16% of the patient sample, accounted for 42% of all unplanned hospitalizations. While patients in the third cluster were hospitalized mainly due to ischemic heart disease and arrhythmia, patients in the fourth and fifth clusters shared a high burden of recurrent HF admissions. The five patient clusters differed by baseline predictors, including age, functional capacity, comorbidity burden, hemoglobin, and cause of HF. HF patients differ significantly in the causes and overall burden of unplanned hospitalizations. The patient subgroups identified and predictors for these subgroups may guide personalized interventions to reduce the burden of unplanned hospitalizations among HF patients. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00533013. Registered 20 September 2007. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00533013.
Pediatric cancer—pathology and microenvironment influence: a perspective into osteosarcoma and non-osteogenic mesenchymal malignant neoplasms
Authors: Sergi Consolato M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPediatric cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related death among children aged 1–14 years. A few risk factors have been conclusively identified, including exposure to pesticides, high-dose radiation, and specific genetic syndromes, but the etiology underlying most events remains unknown. The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes stromal cells, vasculature, fibroblasts, adipocytes, and different subsets of immunological cells. TME plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, cancer formation, progression, dissemination, and resistance to therapy. Moreover, autophagy seems to be a vital regulator of the TME and controls tumor immunity. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process. It enables the degradation and recycling of long-lived large molecules or damaged organelles using the lysosomal-mediated pathway. The multifaceted role of autophagy in the complicated neoplastic TME may depend on a specific context. Autophagy may function as a tumor-suppressive mechanism during early tumorigenesis by eliminating unhealthy intracellular components and proteins, regulating antigen presentation to and by immune cells, and supporting anti-cancer immune response. On the other hand, dysregulation of autophagy may contribute to tumor progression by promoting genome damage and instability. This perspective provides an assortment of regulatory substances that influence the features of the TME and the metastasis process. Mesenchymal cells in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas and their signaling pathways play a more critical role than epithelial cells in childhood and youth. The investigation of the TME in pediatric malignancies remains uncharted primarily, and this unique collection may help to include novel advances in this setting.
Understanding behaviour through theoretical morphology: the case of helical-shaped burrows
Authors: De Renzi Miquel , Mayoral Eduardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHelical burrows are well known from the fossil record (Gyrolithes, produced by invertebrates, being the most frequent in the marine record, while Daimonelix or devil’s corkscrew, created by vertebrates, being the equivalent in the continental record) and reflect a typical behaviour. Mostly, they approach the form of a circular helix (CH), although conical helices can also be found. An ideal helical surface consists of a circular generating curve (GC), generally similar to an ellipse, the centre of which traces a CH. To avoid overlapping of successive whorls, this surface follows strict constraints, otherwise, the structure would collapse (forbidden forms). This paper presents a model for describing the burrows that includes four dimensionless parameters based on the CH: relative pitch, adaxial ratio, helix slope and eccentricity. These parameters are not independent, but linked by an equation. It is possible to compute their critical values, which determine the appearance of forbidden forms. The conceptual framework of theoretical morphology enables possible and forbidden forms to be systematically simulated by starting from a circular GC and changing the parameters’ values. Due to the equation governing these parameters, the theoretical morphospace that they determine cannot include a continuous gradation of all possible arrangements of their values. The parameters are also analysed in terms of their behavioural and biological meaning; in this way, the meaningful parameters are found to be eccentricity, helix slope and adaxial ratio. Relative pitch and the angle of the whorl of ichnologists are a geometrical consequence of the former. All these issues are applied to a sample of real specimens of Gyrolithes.
Turbulence Around Auroral Arcs
Authors: Ivarsen Magnus F. , Huyghebaert Devin R. , Gillies Megan D. , St‐Maurice Jean‐Pierre , Themens David R. , Oppenheim Meers , Gustavsson Björn J. , Billett Daniel , Pitzel Brian , Galeschuk Draven , Donovan Eric , Hussey Glenn C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe spectacular visual displays from the aurora come from curtains of excited atoms and molecules, impacted by energetic charged particles. These particles are accelerated from great distances in Earth's magnetotail, causing them to precipitate into the ionosphere. Energetic particle precipitation is associated with currents that generate electric fields, and the end result is a dissipation of the hundreds of gigawatts to terrawatts of energy injected into Earth's atmosphere during geomagnetic storms. While much is known about how the aurora dissipates energy through Joule heating, little is known about how it does so via small‐scale plasma turbulence. Here we show the first set of combined radar and optical images that track the position of this turbulence, relative to particle precipitation, with high spatial precision. During two geomagnetic storms occurring in 2021, we unambiguously show that small‐scale turbulence (several meters) is preferentially created on the edges of auroral forms. We find that turbulence appears both poleward and equatorward of auroral forms, as well as being nestled between auroral forms in the north‐south direction. These measurements make it clear that small scale auroral plasma turbulence is an integral part of the electrical current system created by the aurora, in the sense that turbulent transport around auroral forms enhances ionospheric energy deposition through Joule heating while at the same time reducing the average strength of the electric field.
A Survey of EMIC Waves in Van Allen Probe Data
Authors: Inglis Andrew R. , Murphy Kyle R. , Halford Alexa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUsing an automated novel approach we conduct a reproducible systematic survey of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave activity detected by Van Allen Probe B during the time period 2013 January 1–2019 July 15. We identify approximately 500 hr of EMIC wave activity, an occurrence rate of ∼ 0.85%. Accounting for satellite dwell time, we find that EMIC waves preferentially occur on the dayside, between 9 and 15 magnetic local time. This is true for both the H+ and He+wavebands. Higher amplitude waves are found at higher values of L shell, while weaker waves occur at low L. The highest amplitudes are concentrated at high L near dawn and dusk. It is also found that EMIC wave occurrence is enhanced during periods of strong geomagnetic activity, with an occurrence rate of 2.7%. During storm times, waves preferentially occur in the afternoon and early evening sectors. The full list of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave detection times and their properties is made publicly available to the community. This provides a reference catalog for comparison with other magnetospheric phenomena and other wave databases.
Nonlinear Drift‐Bounce Resonance Between Charged Particles and Ultralow Frequency Waves
Authors: Li Li , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Omura Yoshiharu , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Liu Ying , Rankin Robert , Yue Chao , Zhuang Yan , Ren Jie , Wang Shan , Fu Sui‐Yan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltra‐low frequency (ULF) waves contribute significantly to the dynamic evolution of Earth's magnetosphere by accelerating and transporting charged particles within a wide energy range. A substantial excitation mechanism of these waves is their drift‐bounce resonant interactions with magnetospheric particles. Here, we extend the conventional drift‐bounce resonance theory to formulate the nonlinear particle trapping in the ULF wave‐carried potential well, which can be approximately described by a pendulum equation. We also predict the observable signatures of the nonlinear drift‐bounce resonance, and compare them with spacecraft observations. We further discuss potential drivers of the pendulum including the convection electric field and the magnetospheric dayside compression, which lead to additional particle acceleration or deceleration depending on magnetic longitude. These drivers indicate preferred regions for nonlinear ULF wave growth, which are consistent with previous statistical studies.
Observations and Model of Subauroral Sporadic E Layer Irregularities Driven by Turning Shears and Dynamic Instability
Authors: Hysell D. L. , Bui M. X. , Larsen M. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObservations of coherent scatter from patchy sporadic E layers in the subauroral zone made with a 30‐MHz coherent scatter radar imager are presented. The quasiperiodic (QP) echoes are similar to what has been observed at middle latitudes but with some differences. The echoes arise from bands of scatterers aligned mainly northwest to southeast and propagating to the southwest. A notable difference from observations at middle latitudes is the appearance of secondary irregularities or braids oriented obliquely to the primary bands and propagating mainly northward along them. We present a spectral simulation of the patchy layers that describes neutral atmospheric dynamics with the incompressible Navier Stokes equations and plasma dynamics with an extended MHD model. The simulation is initialized with turning shears in the form of an Ekman spiral. Ekman‐type instability deforms the sporadic E layer through compressible and incompressible motion. The layer ultimately exhibits both the QP bands and the braids, consequences mainly of primary and secondary neutral dynamic instability. Vorticity due to dynamic instability is an important source of structuring in the sporadic E layer.
Basal forebrain-lateral habenula inputs and control of impulsive behavior
Authors: Hwang Eun-Kyung , Zapata Agustin , Hu Vivian , Hoffman Alexander F. , Wang Hui-Ling , Liu Bing , Morales Marisela , Lupica Carl R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeficits in impulse control are observed in several neurocognitive disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD), substance use disorders (SUDs), and those following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding brain circuits and mechanisms contributing to impulsive behavior may aid in identifying therapeutic interventions. We previously reported that intact lateral habenula (LHb) function is necessary to limit impulsivity defined by impaired response inhibition in rats. Here, we examine the involvement of a synaptic input to the LHb on response inhibition using cellular, circuit, and behavioral approaches. Retrograde fluorogold tracing identified basal forebrain (BF) inputs to LHb, primarily arising from ventral pallidum and nucleus accumbens shell (VP/NAcs). Glutamic acid decarboxylase and cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) mRNAs colocalized with fluorogold, suggesting a cannabinoid modulated GABAergic pathway. Optogenetic activation of these axons strongly inhibited LHb neuron action potentials and GABA release was tonically suppressed by an endogenous cannabinoid in vitro. Behavioral experiments showed that response inhibition during signaled reward omission was impaired when VP/NAcs inputs to LHb were optogenetically stimulated, whereas inhibition of this pathway did not alter LHb control of impulsivity. Systemic injection with the psychotropic phytocannabinoid, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), also increased impulsivity in male, and not female rats, and this was blocked by LHb CB1R antagonism. However, as optogenetic VP/NAcs pathway inhibition did not alter impulse control, we conclude that the pro-impulsive effects of Δ9-THC likely do not occur via inhibition of this afferent. These results identify an inhibitory LHb afferent that is controlled by CB1Rs that can regulate impulsive behavior.