bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Two Appropriateness Criteria for Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Ghomrawi Hassan M. K. , Alexiades Michael , Pavlov Helene , Nam Denis , Endo Yoshimi , Mandl Lisa A. , Mushlin Alvin I. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveInsurance expansion under the Affordable Care Act will amplify a projected 6‐fold increase in total knee replacement (TKR) utilization by 2030 but will not fully address TKR disparities. Promoting appropriate use of TKR would help reduce disparities and improve outcomes. There are currently no validated appropriateness criteria (AC) for TKR in the US. We evaluated the performance of 2 non‐US AC in a cohort of US TKR patients.MethodsAC1 was developed in Spain using the modified Delphi method with 624 patient scenarios. AC2 was developed in Canada using the overall Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score of ≥39 as the cutoff point for surgery. These criteria were applied to a random sample of TKR patients enrolled in our institutional registry. Preoperative clinical, radiographic, and patient‐reported survey data were used in classifying patients. The rate of appropriateness was compared for the 2 AC. Inappropriate cases were further investigated to determine other mitigating factors beyond the criteria influencing the decision to operate.ResultsIn total, 508 TKR procedures were evaluated. All patients had osteoarthritic radiographic changes. On the basis of AC1, 7.7% of cases were classified as inappropriate and 11.6% uncertain. On the basis of AC2, 31.5% were classified as inappropriate. Only 4.7% of the cases were classified as inappropriate by both ACs; however, there was poor agreement between the 2 AC (κ = −0.08). Beyond the criteria, failure of nonsurgical treatment and clinically significant valgus/varus deformities influenced the decision for surgery.ConclusionThere was poor agreement between 2 validated AC for TKR when tested in a US population. Culturally specific AC are needed to promote rational use of TKR.
Enantioselective Heterogeneous Synergistic Catalysis for Asymmetric Cascade Transformations
Authors: Deiana Luca , Ghisu Lorenza , Afewerki Samson , Verho Oscar , Johnston Eric V. , Hedin Niklas , Bacsik Zoltan , Córdova Armando 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA modular design for a novel heterogeneous synergistic catalytic system, which simultaneously activates the electrophile and nucleophile by the combined activation modes of a separate metal and non‐metal catalyst, for asymmetric cascade transformations on a solid surface is disclosed. This modular catalysis strategy generates carbocycles (up to 97.5:2.5er) as well as spirocyclic oxindoles (97.5:2.5 to >99:0.5er), containing all‐carbon quaternary centers, in a highly enantioselective fashionviaa one‐pot dynamic relay process.magnified image
Tandem Synthesis of Amides and Secondary Amines from Esters with Primary Amines under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Lee Jeongbin , Muthaiah Senthilkumar , Hong Soon Hyeok 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAn iridium(III)‐catalyzed tandem synthesis of amides and amines from esters under solvent‐free conditions is described. A commercially available iridium(III) complex, [Cp*IrCl2]2, with sodium acetate showed the best activity for the synthesis of amides and secondary amines. The amide was formed by ester‐amide exchange which generates an alcohol in situ which is subsequently transformed to a secondary amine via hydrogen autotransfer. This synthetic protocol with high atom economy generates water as the sole by‐product and can afford amides and amines from various esters in a one‐pot reaction, expanding the synthetic versatility of ester transformations.magnified image
Association between Innovative Entrepreneurial Orientation, Absorptive Capacity, and Farm Business Performance
Authors: Gellynck Xavier , Cárdenas Jorge , Pieniak Zuzanna , Verbeke Wim 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA growing interest emerges with regard to how entrepreneurship and innovation can contribute to the success and well‐being of the farmers. The main objective of the study is to develop and test a model, which emphasizes the relationship of trust and innovative entrepreneurial orientation on absorptive capacity in an agricultural context. This article examines also the effect of absorptive capacity on innovation as well as the connection of both innovative entrepreneurial orientation and innovation outcome on farm business performance. Cross‐sectional data were collected from a sample of 199 banana farmers in 2008‐2009 in Ecuador. A structural equation modeling approach has been applied to validate the hypothesized model. The findings show that all relationships established in the model are significantly and positively associated, except for the linkage between innovation outcome and farm business performance. [EconLit citation: L260; O310; Q160]
Change in Height, Weight, and body mass index: Longitudinal data from Austria
Authors: Peter Raphael Simon , Fromm Ella , Klenk Jochen , Concin Hans , Nagel Gabriele 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo quantify changes in height, weight and their compound effect on the body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort of Central‐European men and women.MethodsThe Vorarlberg health monitoring and prevention program (VHM&PP) is a population‐based risk factor surveillance program in Vorarlberg. Data of health examinations during January 1985 to June 2005 were available including 714,181 height and weight measurements in 185,192 persons (53.9% women). We estimated yearly percentage change of anthropometric parameters over the age range from 20 to 85 years within intervals of 5 years.ResultsWe found that weight increased until the age of 70 years (from the age of 20 years: +24.8% in men and +27.6% in women), with the highest increase in men aged 20–25 years (1.07% per year). Height was shown to decrease starting from the age group 45–50 years. This decrease accelerated with age, and was more pronounced in women than in men.ConclusionsWeight is strongly related to aging. In older individuals height loss affects BMI and masks weight loss to some degree. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:690–696, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selektorinduzierte dynamische Deracemisierung eines selektandmodifizierten tropos‐BIPHEPO‐Liganden: Anwendung in der organokatalysierten asymmetrischen Doppelaldolreaktion
Authors: Maier Frank , Trapp Oliver 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStereolabile interkonvertierende Katalysatoren eröffnen die Möglichkeit, die Enantioselektivität in asymmetrischen Synthesen gezielt durch Bildung diastereomerer Komplexe mit chiralen Auxiliaren und Deracemisierung zu steuern. Jedoch können die stöchiometrisch eingesetzten Auxiliare die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten solcher Systeme erheblich limitieren. Wir haben einen neuartigen tropos‐BIPHEPO‐Liganden mit achiralen Selektanden im Rückgrat synthetisiert, der transiente diastereomere Assoziate mit Amylose‐tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamat als Selektor eingeht und dadurch deracemisiert. Das so erhaltene enantiomerenangereicherte BIPHEPO‐Derivat wurde erfolgreich in der organokatalytischen asymmetrischen Doppelaldoladdition substituierter Methylketone an Benzaldehyd eingesetzt. Diese Strategie kombiniert eine Deracemisierung mit der hohen Stereoinduktion chiraler Biarylphosphinoxide und eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten im Bereich selbstamplifizierender asymmetrischer Synthesen.
Construction of Three‐Dimensional DNA Hydrogels from Linear Building Blocks
Authors: Nöll Tanja , Schönherr Holger , Wesner Daniel , Schopferer Michael , Paululat Thomas , Nöll Gilbert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA three‐dimensional DNA hydrogel was generated by self‐assembly of short linear double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) building blocks equipped with sticky ends. The resulting DNA hydrogel is thermoresponsive and the length of the supramolecular dsDNA structures varies with temperature. The average diffusion coefficients of the supramolecular dsDNA structures formed by self‐assembly were determined by diffusion‐ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY NMR) for temperatures higher than 60 °C. Temperature‐dependent rheological measurements revealed a gel point of 42±1 °C. Below this temperature, the resulting material behaved as a true gel of high viscosity with values for the storage modulus G′ being significantly larger than that for the loss modulus G′′. Frequency‐dependent rheological measurements at 20 °C revealed a mesh size (ξ) of 15 nm. AFM analysis of the diluted hydrogel in the dry state showed densely packed structures of entangled chains, which are also expected to contain multiple interlocked rings and catenanes.
Enantioselective Synthesis of [9]‐ and [11]Helicene‐like Molecules: Double Intramolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Fukawa Naohiro , Miyauchi Yuta , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe enantioselective synthesis of completely ortho‐fused [9]‐ and [11]helicene‐like molecules has been achieved through a rhodium‐mediated, intramolecular, double [2+2+2] cycloaddition of phenol‐ or 2‐naphthol‐linked hexaynes. Crystal structures and photophysical properties of these [9]‐ and [11]helicene‐like molecules have also been disclosed.
Catalyst‐Dependent Divergent Synthesis of Pyrroles from 3‐Alkynyl Imine Derivatives: A Noncarbonylative and Carbonylative Approach
Authors: Chen Gen‐Qiang , Zhang Xiao‐Nan , Wei Yin , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel Ru0‐ and RhI‐catalyzed noncarbonylative and carbonylative cycloisomerization of readily available 3‐alkynyl imine derivatives has been developed to provide 3,4‐fused or nonfused pyrrole derivatives efficiently in moderate to excellent yields. The key steps involve the formation of a ruthenium carbenoid intermediate or a rhodacycle intermediate, respectively. In these reactions, CO can serve as a ligand or a reagent.
Selector‐Induced Dynamic Deracemization of a Selectand‐Modified Tropos BIPHEPO‐Ligand: Application in the Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Double‐Aldol‐Reaction
Authors: Maier Frank , Trapp Oliver 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStereolabile interconverting catalysts open up the possibility of directing enantioselectivity in asymmetric synthesis by formation of diastereomeric complexes with chiral auxiliaries and deracemization. However, the stoichiometrically used auxilliaries can significantly limit the potential applications of such systems. We synthesized a new BIPHEPO tropos ligand containing achiral selectands in the backbone, which forms transient diastereomeric associates with amylose‐tris‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate as a selector and thus deracemizes. The enantiomerically enriched BIPHEPO obtained was successfully used in the organocatalytic asymmetric double aldol addition of substituted methyl ketones to form benzaldehyde. This strategy combines an on‐column deracemization with the high stereoinduction of chiral biarylphosphineoxides and opens up new possibilities in the field of self‐amplified asymmetric syntheses.
A Plausible Simultaneous Synthesis of Amino Acids and Simple Peptides on the Primordial Earth
Authors: Parker Eric T. , Zhou Manshui , Burton Aaron S. , Glavin Daniel P. , Dworkin Jason P. , Krishnamurthy Ramanarayanan , Fernández Facundo M. , Bada Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFollowing his seminal work in 1953, Stanley Miller conducted an experiment in 1958 to study the polymerization of amino acids under simulated early Earth conditions. In the experiment, Miller sparked a gas mixture of CH4, NH3, and H2O, while intermittently adding the plausible prebiotic condensing reagent cyanamide. For unknown reasons, an analysis of the samples was not reported. We analyzed the archived samples for amino acids, dipeptides, and diketopiperazines by liquid chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry. A dozen amino acids, 10 glycine‐containing dipeptides, and 3 glycine‐containing diketopiperazines were detected. Miller’s experiment was repeated and similar polymerization products were observed. Aqueous heating experiments indicate that Strecker synthesis intermediates play a key role in facilitating polymerization. These results highlight the potential importance of condensing reagents in generating diversity within the prebiotic chemical inventory.
Aid and the Control of Tuberculosis inPapuaNewGuinea: IsAustralia's Assistance Cost‐Effective?
Authors: Nguyen Hoa‐Thi‐Minh , Kompas Tom , Hickson Roslyn I. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAustralia supports the control of tuberculosis inPapuaNewGuinea for reasons of aid effectiveness and a desire to decrease the chance of importing tuberculosis toAustralia. This paper analyses the case for this support using both cost‐utility and cost‐benefit analysis.We reach three conclusions. First,Australia directly benefits from its investment in controlling tuberculosis inPapuaNewGuinea, with a cost of $US13 million (in 2012 prices) over 10 years earning a net present value of $US22 million.Second, the longer and more extensive the basic directly observed short course therapy, or basicDOTS, to control tuberculosis, the higher are the returns forAustralia.Finally, in addition to surpassing all commonly used benchmarks for being a cost‐effective investment forAustralia, a basicDOTSexpansion also generates a health benefit forPapuaNewGuinea that compares well as one of the ‘ten best health buys’ in developing countries.
Intracortical Remodeling Parameters Are Associated With Measures of Bone Robustness
Authors: Goldman Haviva M. , Hampson Naomi A. , Guth J. Jared , Lin David , Jepsen Karl J. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPrior work identified a novel association between bone robustness and porosity, which may be part of a broader interaction whereby the skeletal system compensates for the natural variation in robustness (bone width relative to length) by modulating tissue‐level mechanical properties to increase stiffness of slender bones and to reduce mass of robust bones. To further understand this association, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship between robustness and porosity is mediated through intracortical, BMU‐based (basic multicellular unit) remodeling. We quantified cortical porosity, mineralization, and histomorphometry at two sites (38% and 66% of the length) in human cadaveric tibiae. We found significant correlations between robustness and several histomorphometric variables (e.g., % secondary tissue [R2 = 0.68, P < 0.004], total osteon area [R2 = 0.42, P < 0.04]) at the 66% site. Although these associations were weaker at the 38% site, significant correlations between histological variables were identified between the two sites indicating that both respond to the same global effects and demonstrate a similar character at the whole bone level. Thus, robust bones tended to have larger and more numerous osteons with less infilling, resulting in bigger pores and more secondary bone area. These results suggest that local regulation of BMU‐based remodeling may be further modulated by a global signal associated with robustness, such that remodeling is suppressed in slender bones but not in robust bones. Elucidating this mechanism further is crucial for better understanding the complex adaptive nature of the skeleton, and how interindividual variation in remodeling differentially impacts skeletal aging and an individuals' potential response to prophylactic treatments. Anat Rec, 297:1817–1828, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Barcode‐Enabled Sequencing of Plasmablast Antibody Repertoires in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tan Yann‐Chong , Kongpachith Sarah , Blum Lisa K. , Ju Chia‐Hsin , Lahey Lauren J. , Lu Daniel R. , Cai Xiaoyong , Wagner Catriona A. , Lindstrom Tamsin M. , Sokolove Jeremy , Robinson William H. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveA hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the production of autoantibodies, including anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). Nevertheless, the specific targets of these autoantibodies remain incompletely defined. During an immune response, B cells specific for the inciting antigen(s) are activated and differentiate into plasmablasts, which are released into the blood. We undertook this study to sequence the plasmablast antibody repertoire to define the targets of the active immune response in RA.MethodsWe developed a novel DNA barcoding method to sequence the cognate heavy‐ and light‐chain pairs of antibodies expressed by individual blood plasmablasts in RA. The method uses a universal 5′ adapter that enables full‐length sequencing of the antibodies' variable regions and recombinant expression of the paired antibody chains. The sequence data sets were bioinformatically analyzed to generate phylogenetic trees that identify clonal families of antibodies sharing heavy‐ and light‐chain VJ sequences. Representative antibodies were expressed, and their binding properties were characterized using anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide 2 (anti–CCP‐2) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antigen microarrays.ResultsWe used our sequencing method to generate phylogenetic trees representing the antibody repertoires of peripheral blood plasmablasts from 4 individuals with anti‐CCP+ RA, and recombinantly expressed 14 antibodies that were either “singleton” antibodies or representative of clonal antibody families. Anti–CCP‐2 ELISA identified 4 ACPAs, and antigen microarray analysis identified ACPAs that differentially targeted epitopes on α‐enolase, citrullinated fibrinogen, and citrullinated histone H2B.ConclusionOur data provide evidence that autoantibodies targeting α‐enolase, citrullinated fibrinogen, and citrullinated histone H2B are produced by the ongoing activated B cell response in, and thus may contribute to the pathogenesis of, RA.
Disturbed Cartilage and Joint Homeostasis Resulting From a Loss of Mitogen‐Inducible Gene 6 in a Mouse Model of Joint Dysfunction
Authors: Pest Michael A. , Russell Bailey A. , Zhang Yu‐Wen , Jeong Jae‐Wook , Beier Frank 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveMitogen‐inducible gene 6 (MIG‐6) regulates epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in synovial joint tissues. Whole‐body knockout of the Mig6 gene in mice has been shown to induce osteoarthritis and joint degeneration. To evaluate the role of chondrocytes in this process, Mig6 was conditionally deleted from Col2a1‐expressing cell types in the cartilage of mice.MethodsBone and cartilage in the synovial joints of cartilage‐specific Mig6‐deleted (knockout [KO]) mice and control littermates were compared. Histologic staining and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate joint pathology as well as the expression of key extracellular matrix and regulatory proteins. Calcified tissue in synovial joints was assessed by micro–computed tomography (micro‐CT) and whole‐skeleton staining.ResultsFormation of long bones was found to be normal in KO animals. Cartilage thickness and proteoglycan staining of articular cartilage in the knee joints of 12‐week‐old KO mice were increased as compared to controls, with higher cellularity throughout the tissue. Radiopaque chondro‐osseous nodules appeared in the knees of KO animals by 12 weeks of age and progressed to calcified bone–like tissue by 36 weeks of age. Nodules were also observed in the spine of 36‐week‐old animals. Erosion of bone at ligament entheses was evident by 12 weeks of age, by both histologic and micro‐CT assessment.ConclusionMIG‐6 expression in chondrocytes is important for the maintenance of cartilage and joint homeostasis. Dysregulation of EGFR signaling in chondrocytes results in anabolic activity in cartilage, but erosion of ligament entheses and the formation of ectopic chondro‐osseous nodules severely disturb joint physiology.
Construction of pH‐sensitive Her2‐binding IgG1‐Fc by directed evolution
Authors: Traxlmayr Michael W. , Lobner Elisabeth , Hasenhindl Christoph , Stadlmayr Gerhard , Oostenbrink Chris , Rüker Florian , Obinger Christian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFor most therapeutic proteins, a long serum half‐life is desired. Studies have shown that decreased antigen binding at acidic pH can increase serum half‐life. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether pH‐dependent binding sites can be introduced into antigen binding crystallizable fragments of immunoglobulin G1 (Fcab). The C‐terminal structural loops of an Fcab were engineered for reduced binding to the extracellular domain of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2‐ECD) at pH 6 compared to pH 7.4. A yeast‐displayed Fcab‐library was alternately selected for binding at pH 7.4 and non‐binding at pH 6.0. Selected Fcab variants showed clear pH‐dependent binding to soluble Her2‐ECD (decrease in affinity at pH 6.0 compared to pH 7.4) when displayed on yeast. Additionally, some solubly expressed variants exhibited pH‐dependent interactions with Her2‐positive cells whereas their conformational and thermal stability was pH‐independent. Interestingly, two of the three Fcabs did not contain a single histidine mutation but all of them contained variations next to histidines that already occurred in loops of the lead Fcab. The study demonstrates that yeast surface display is a valuable tool for directed evolution of pH‐dependent binding sites in proteins.
Systematic review, network meta-analysis and exploratory cost-effectiveness model of randomized trials of minimally invasive techniquesversussurgery for varicose veins
Authors: Carroll C , Hummel S , Leaviss J , Ren S , Stevens J W , Cantrell A , Michaels J 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundA Health Technology Assessment was conducted to evaluate the relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques (foam sclerotherapy (FS), endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA)) for managing varicose veins, in comparison with traditional surgery.MethodsA systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of minimally invasive techniques compared with other treatments, principally surgical stripping, in terms of recurrence of varicose veins, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), pain and quality of life. Network meta-analysis and exploratory cost-effectiveness modelling were performed.ResultsThe literature search conducted in July 2011 identified 1453 unique citations: 31 RCTs (51 papers) satisfied the criteria for effectiveness review. Differences between treatments were negligible in terms of clinical outcomes, so the treatment with the lowest cost appears to be most cost-effective. Total FS costs were estimated to be lowest, and FS was marginally more effective than surgery. However, relative effectiveness was sensitive to the model time horizon. Threshold analysis indicated that EVLA and RFA might be considered cost-effective if their costs were similar to those for surgery. These findings are subject to various uncertainties, including the risk of bias present in the evidence base and variation in reported costs.ConclusionThis assessment of currently available evidence suggests there is little to choose between surgery and the minimally invasive techniques in terms of efficacy or safety, so the relative cost of the treatments becomes one of the deciding factors. High-quality RCT evidence is needed to verify and further inform these findings.