bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association analyses of large-scale glycan microarray data reveal novel host-specific substructures in influenza A virus binding glycans
Authors: Zhao Nan , Martin Brigitte E. , Yang Chun-Kai , Luo Feng , Wan Xiu-Feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInfluenza A viruses can infect a wide variety of animal species and, occasionally, humans. Infection occurs through the binding formed by viral surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin and certain types of glycan receptors on host cell membranes. Studies have shown that the α2,3-linked sialic acid motif (SA2,3Gal) in avian, equine and canine species; the α2,6-linked sialic acid motif (SA2,6Gal) in humans; and SA2,3Gal and SA2,6Gal in swine are responsible for the corresponding host tropisms. However, more detailed and refined substructures that determine host tropisms are still not clear. Thus, in this study, we applied association mining on a set of glycan microarray data for 211 influenza viruses from five host groups: humans, swine, canine, migratory waterfowl and terrestrial birds. The results suggest that besides Neu5Acα2–6Galβ, human-origin viruses could bind glycans with Neu5Acα2–8Neu5Acα2–8Neu5Ac and Neu5Gcα2–6Galβ1–4GlcNAc substructures; Galβ and GlcNAcβ terminal substructures, without sialic acid branches, were associated with the binding of human-, swine- and avian-origin viruses; sulfated Neu5Acα2–3 substructures were associated with the binding of human- and swine-origin viruses. Finally, through three-dimensional structure characterization, we revealed that the role of glycan chain shapes is more important than that of torsion angles or of overall structural similarities in virus host tropisms.
Plasma non-esterified docosahexaenoic acid is the major pool supplying the brain
Authors: Chen Chuck T. , Kitson Alex P. , Hopperton Kathryn E. , Domenichiello Anthony F. , Trépanier Marc-Olivier , Lin Lauren E. , Ermini Leonardo , Post Martin , Thies Frank , Bazinet Richard P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite being critical for normal brain function, the pools that supply docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to the brain are not agreed upon. Using multiple kinetic models in free-living adult rats, we first demonstrate that DHA uptake from the plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) pool predicts brain uptake of DHA upon oral administration, which enters the plasma NEFA pool as well as multiple plasma esterified pools. The rate of DHA loss by the brain is similar to the uptake from the plasma NEFA pool. Furthermore, upon acute iv administration, although more radiolabeled lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-DHA enters the brain than NEFA-DHA, this is due to the longer plasma half-life and exposure to the brain. Direct comparison of the uptake rate of LPC-DHA and NEFA-DHA demonstrates that uptake of NEFA-DHA into the brain is 10-fold greater than LPC-DHA. In conclusion, plasma NEFA-DHA is the major plasma pool supplying the brain.
Alteration of intracellular protein expressions as a key mechanism of the deterioration of bacterial denitrification caused by copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Su Yinglong , Zheng Xiong , Chen Yinguang , Li Mu , Liu Kun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe increasing production and utilization of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) result in the releases into the environment. However, the influence of CuO NPs on bacterial denitrification, one of the most important pathways to transform nitrate to dinitrogen in environment, has seldom been studied. Here we reported that CuO NPs caused a significant alteration of key protein expressions of a model denitrifier, Paracoccus denitrificans, leading to severe inhibition to denitrification. Total nitrogen removal efficiency was decreased from 98.3% to 62.1% with the increase of CuO NPs from 0.05 to 0.25 mg/L. Cellular morphology and integrity studies indicated that nanoparticles entered the cells. The proteomic bioinformatics analysis showed that CuO NPs caused regulation of proteins involved in nitrogen metabolism, electron transfer and substance transport. The down-regulation of GtsB protein (responsible for glucose transport) decreased the production of NADH (electron donor for denitrification). Also, the expressions of key electron-transfer proteins (including NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome) were suppressed by CuO NPs, which adversely affected electrons transfer for denitrification. Further investigation revealed that CuO NPs significantly inhibited the expressions and catalytic activities of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. These results provided a fundamental understanding of the negative influences of CuO NPs on bacterial denitrification.
Nanoscale volume confinement and fluorescence enhancement with double nanohole aperture
Authors: Regmi Raju , Al Balushi Ahmed A. , Rigneault Hervé , Gordon Reuven , Wenger Jérôme 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiffraction ultimately limits the fluorescence collected from a single molecule and sets an upper limit to the maximum concentration to isolate a single molecule in the detection volume. To overcome these limitations, we introduce here the use of a double nanohole structure with 25 nm gap and report enhanced detection of single fluorescent molecules in concentrated solutions exceeding 20 micromolar. The nanometer gap concentrates the light into an apex volume down to 70 zeptoliter (10−21 L), 7000-fold below the diffraction-limited confocal volume. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and time-correlated photon counting, we measure fluorescence enhancement up to 100-fold, together with local density of optical states (LDOS) enhancement of 30-fold. The distinctive features of double nanoholes combining high local field enhancement, efficient background screening and relative nanofabrication simplicity offer new strategies for real time investigation of biochemical events with single molecule resolution at high concentrations.
A feedback regulatory loop involving p53/miR-200 and growth hormone endocrine axis controls embryo size of zebrafish
Authors: Jing Jing , Xiong Shuting , Li Zhi , Wu Junjie , Zhou Li , Gui Jian-Fang , Mei Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn vertebrates, growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis signaling plays a critical role in regulating somatic growth. Understanding the direct upstream regulators of GH/IGF axis remains a major challenge. Our studies of the zebrafish reveal that the conserved miR-200 family members are critical regulators of embryo size by targeting several GH/IGF axis genes, including GH, GHRa, GHRb and IGF2a. Overexpression of miR-200s led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced apoptotic responses during embryo development, thereby inhibiting somatic growth of zebrafish embryos. Intriguingly, GH induced expression of both p53 and miR-200s and miR-200s is a potential p53 transcriptional target, thus forming a negative feedback loop. Significantly, the up-regulation of miR-200s associated with GH activation is abolished in embryos with p53 mutation. By integrating these studies, we conclude that p53/miR-200 and GH/IGF signaling pathway form a negative regulatory loop to control embryo size, that provide critical insights into the long-standing puzzle of how body growth is determined during early development of teleosts.
LL-37-induced host cell cytotoxicity depends on cellular expression of the globular C1q receptor (p33)
Authors: Svensson Daniel , Wilk Laura , Mörgelin Matthias , Herwald Heiko , Nilsson Bengt-Olof 
Published: October 2015

The human host-defence peptide (HDP) LL-37 not only displays anti-microbial activity but also immune-modulating properties that trigger intracellular signalling events in host cells. Since the cytolytic activity of high LL-37 concentrations affects cell viability, the function of LL-37 requires tight regulation. Eukaryotic cells therefore benefit from protective measures to prevent harmful effects of LL-37. p33, also known as globular C1q receptor (gC1qR), is reported to act as an LL-37 antagonist by binding the peptide, thereby reducing its cytotoxic activity. In the present report, we show that high levels of endogenous p33 correlate with an increased viability in human cells treated with LL-37. Sub-cellular localization analysis showed p33 distribution at the mitochondria, the plasma membrane and in the cytosol. Strikingly, cytosolic overexpression of p33 significantly antagonized detrimental effects of LL-37 on cell fitness, whereas the reverse effect was observed by siRNA-induced down-regulation of p33. However, modulation of p33 expression had no effect on LL-37-induced plasma membrane pore forming capacity pointing to an intracellular mechanism. A scavenging function of intracellular p33 is further supported by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, showing a direct interaction between intracellular p33 and LL-37. Thus, our findings support an important role of intracellular p33 in maintaining cell viability by counteracting LL-37-induced cytotoxicity.
Critical aspects on wavelet transforms based fault identification procedures in HV transmission line
Authors: Adly Ahmed R. , El Sehiemy Ragab A. , Abdelaziz Almoataz Youssef , Ayad Nabil M.A. 
Published: October 2015

The fault identification process in transmission systems involves three functions: discrimination, classification and phase selection. The current study classifies the methods that applied for each function. Moreover, this study introduces criticism and assessment study that helps the power system protection engineer to choose the best fault identification scheme at responsible indices. Investigated solutions for the drawbacks appeared with the previous methods are suggested. This study also proposes sensitive and automated fault identification scheme to solve the existing challenges such as high‐impedance faults (HIFs), non‐linear modelling of arcing etc. Several simulation studies are employed using alternative transients program/electromagnetic transient program (ATP/EMTP) package on a sample 500 kV test system to ensure the performances of the proposed scheme compared with the previous methods. Simulation results concluded that: the proposed identification scheme has the ability to discriminate correctly between HIF and low‐impedance faults using current signal captured from one end only. Moreover, the proposed scheme alleviates perfectly the problems associated with load variations by adaptive threshold settings and reduces the impacts on the environmental and external phenomena.
Multimode step‐up bidirectional series resonant DC/DC converter using continuous current mode
Authors: Ibanez Federico Martin , Echeverria Jose Martin , Astigarraga Daniel , Fontan Luis 
Published: October 2015

This study presents the analysis and results of a technique that allows the conventional series resonant DC/DC converter to work as a step‐up and step‐down converter. The controller can choose between several novel step‐up modes and the traditional step‐down mode. These modes are analysed by presenting their DC characteristics. The choice of mode is governed by the converter's main controller. The converter reduces the operation frequency range and maximises efficiency by selecting the appropriate mode for the particular load and voltage conversion ratio case. Experimental results in a 6 kW prototype validate the analysis and the proposed controller. Finally, the presented converter is compared with a step‐up fixed mode converter in order to appreciate the advantages.
Evaluating the potential impact of a mobile telemedicine system on coordination of specialty care for patients with complicated oral lesions in Botswana
Authors: Tesfalul Martha , Littman-Quinn Ryan , Antwi Cynthia , Ndlovu Siphiwo , Motsepe Didintle , Phuthego Motsholathebe , Tau Boitumelo , Mohutsiwa-Dibe Neo , Kovarik Carrie 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Mobile telemedicine involves the use of mobile device (e.g., cell phones, tablets) technology to exchange information to assist in the provision of patient care. Throughout the world, mobile telemedicine initiatives are increasing in number and in scale, but literature on their impact on patient outcomes in low-resource areas is limited. This study explores the potential impact of a mobile oral telemedicine system on the oral health specialty referral system in Botswana. Analysis of 26 eligible cases from June 2012 to July 2013 reveals high diagnosis concordance between dental officers and oral health specialists at 91.3% (21/23) but significant management plan discordance at 64.0% (16/25), over two-thirds of which involved the specialists disagreeing with the referring clinicians about the need for a visit to a specialist. These findings suggest mobile telemedicine can optimize the use of insights and skills of specialists remotely in regions where they are scarce.
Hind limb myology of the ringtail ( Bassariscus astutus ) and the myology of hind foot reversal
Authors: Liu Margaret , Zack Shawn P. , Lucas Lynn , Allen Darien , Fisher Rebecca E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ringtail ( Bassariscus astutus ) is a widely distributed small carnivorous mammal (Procyonidae) in Mexico and the southwestern United States. As in other procyonids, the ringtail is capable of rotating its hind foot to allow headfirst descent of vertical substrates. The osteological correlates of this process, termed hind foot reversal, are well documented, but potential myological correlates have never been investigated. We present the 1st detailed study of the muscular anatomy of the hind limb of B. astutus , including the 1st muscle maps of the pelvis and pes of any procyonid. Comparison of the hind limb myology of the ringtail with other arctoid carnivorans, including taxa incapable of hind foot reversal, indicates that the muscles responsible for the action of reversal do not differ significantly between nonreversing forms and taxa capable of partial or full reversal. This suggests that specific myological adaptations are not necessary to achieve hind foot reversal. However, increased development of the digital flexors, which maintain a grip while body mass is supported by the hind limb, may characterize taxa that make use of reversed postures. The hind limb myology of members of Procyonidae does not strongly support either morphological or molecular hypotheses of relationship, in part because relatively few differences among members of the family can be documented.
A Smartphone-based Decision Support Tool Improves Test Performance Concerning Application of the Guidelines for Managing Regional Anesthesia in the Patient Receiving Antithrombotic or Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: McEvoy Matthew D. , Hand William R. , Stiegler Marjorie P. , DiLorenzo Amy N. , Ehrenfeld Jesse M. , Moran Kenneth R. , Lekowski Robert , Nunnally Mark E. , Manning Erin L. , Shi Yaping , Shotwell Matthew S. , Gupta Rajnish K. , Corey John M. , Schell Randall M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAbstract
In this multicenter, randomized trial of more than 250 residents and faculty, use of an electronic decision support tool improved adherence to guidelines in a testing environment regarding regional anesthesia and anticoagulation compared with a control group who could freely access the guidelines and any other cognitive aid.

Background
The American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) consensus statement on regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy is the standard for evaluation and management of these patients. The authors hypothesized that an electronic decision support tool (eDST) would improve test performance compared with native physician behavior concerning the application of this guideline.

Methods
Anesthesiology trainees and faculty at 8 institutions participated in a prospective, randomized trial in which they completed a 20-question test involving clinical scenarios related to the ASRA guidelines. The eDST group completed the test using an iOS app programmed to contain decision logic and content of the ASRA guidelines. The control group completed the test by using any resource in addition to the app. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the effect of the intervention.

Results
After obtaining institutional review board’s approval and informed consent, 259 participants were enrolled and randomized (eDST = 122; control = 137). The mean score was 92.4 ± 6.6% in the eDST group and 68.0 ± 15.8% in the control group (P < 0.001). eDST use increased the odds of selecting correct answers (7.8; 95% CI, 5.7 to 10.7). Most control group participants (63%) used some cognitive aid during the test, and they scored higher than those who tested from memory alone (76 ± 15% vs. 57 ± 18%, P < 0.001). There was no difference in time to completion of the test (P = 0.15) and no effect of training level (P = 0.56).

Conclusions
eDST use improved application of the ASRA guidelines compared with the native clinician behavior in a testing environment.
The Effect of Temperature on Soft Contact Lens Diameter
Authors: Young Graeme , Potts Matthew , Sulley Anna 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:
The diameters of soft contact lenses are conventionally measured at room temperature (RT), however, all soft lenses shrink when raised to eye temperature (ET). The purpose of this study was to evaluate RT to ET shrinkage in a representative sample of contemporary spherical soft contact lenses.

Methods:
Twenty-four reusable and daily disposable lens types (10 hydrogel and 14 silicone hydrogel) in three powers were measured for total diameter at RT (20°C±1°C) and ET (34°C±1°C). Lens diameter measurements were undertaken after equilibration in ISO saline in a temperature controlled lens analyzer (Optimec Ltd, Malvern, UK). Theoretical changes in base curve radii were also calculated.

Results:
All lens types reduced in diameter when raised to ET. The largest mean changes with silicone hydrogel and hydrogel lenses were with Avaria (Δ0.33 mm) and SofLens Daily Disposable (Δ0.69 mm), respectively. The smallest mean changes for silicone hydrogel and hydrogel lenses were with 1-DAY ACUVUE TruEye (Δ0.04 mm) and SofLens 38 (Δ0.11 mm), respectively. There was, however, a wide range in change between the different lenses tested.

Conclusions:
This study has identified the levels of shrinkage in current soft contact lenses. In many cases, these shrinkage levels can be expected to have significant effects on clinical performance.
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Dominate Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Practice
Authors: Rouster Audra S. , Karpinski Aryn C. , Silver David , Monagas Javier , Hyman Paul E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Symptom‐based diagnostic criteria have improved recognition and standardization of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). We used Rome 3 diagnostic criteria to determine the prevalence of FGIDs in pediatric gastroenterology clinic. In the process, we developed a diagnostic questionnaire for infants and toddlers.Methods:We enrolled new patients ≤18 years referred during 19 months to a pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Subjects or parents completed a demographic survey and a the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal symptoms, Rome 3 Version (if ≥4 years, or a new infant‐toddler questionnaire) before their appointment.Results:We acquired data from 976 subjects: 476 boys, 592 white. Of 332 subjects <4 years, 172 (52%) met diagnostic criteria for ≥1 FGIDs. Of 644 subjects ≥4 years, 486 (75%) met diagnostic criteria for ≥1 FGIDs. Thirty one (9%) subjects <4 years and 170 (26%) subjects ≥4 years met the criteria for ≥2 FGIDs. Of the total sample of subjects <4 years, common FGIDs included functional constipation (29%), infant regurgitation (13%), and cyclic vomiting syndrome (10%). Of the total sample of subjects ≥4 years, common FGIDs included irritable bowel syndrome (36%), abdominal migraine (19%), functional constipation (17%), cyclic vomiting syndrome (8%), functional abdominal pain syndrome (7%), aerophagia (7%), and functional dyspepsia (7%).Conclusions:More than half of new pediatric gastrointestinal clinic patients met the Rome 3 criteria for ≥1 FGIDs. Satisfying the criteria may facilitate diagnosis on the first visit.
Conservation patterns’ analysis of 18,364 candidate human-specific regulatory sequences revealed two distinct pathways of the human regulatory DNA divergence
Authors: Glinsky Gennadi V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThousands of candidate human-specific regulatory sequences (HSRS) have been identified, supporting the idea that unique to human phenotypes result from human-specific alterations of genomic regulatory networks. Here, conservation patterns analysis of 18,364 regulatory DNA segments comprising candidate HSRS was carried out using the most recent releases of the reference genomes’ databases of humans and nonhuman primates (NHP) and defining the sequence conservation threshold as the minimum ratio of bases that must remap of 1.00. Present analyses identified 5,535 candidate HSRS defined by either the acceleration of mutation rates on the human lineage or the functional divergence from chimpanzee that are highly conserved in NHP and appear to evolve by the exaptation of ancestral DNA pathway. This pathway seems mechanistically distinct from the evolution of regulatory DNA driven by the species-specific expansion of transposable elements. It is proposed that phenotypic divergence ofHomo sapiensis driven by the evolution of human-specific genomic regulatory networks via at least two mechanistically distinct pathways of creation of divergent sequences of regulatory DNA: i) exaptation of the highly conserved ancestral regulatory DNA segments; ii) human-specific insertions of transposable elements.
Teachers’ approaches to multicultural education in Georgian classrooms
Authors: Tabatadze Shalva 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the multicultural education strategies employed by primary school teachers in Georgia.

Design/methodology/approach
– In-depth interviews with 65 primary school teachers were used. The interviews were analyzed using the theoretical framework of multicultural educational approaches defined by James Banks. The approaches used by Georgian teachers were classified into four approaches to multicultural education: contributions, additive, transformation and social action approaches.

Findings
– The research revealed that the majority of teachers use the contributions and additive approaches to multicultural education. The use of the transformation approach by teachers is very rare and only happens if school textbooks, as well as exercises and assignments in the textbooks, provide this opportunity. The social action approach to multicultural education has not been used in primary grades in Georgia. The research revealed that some teachers reject diversity in their classroom as well as the necessity of developing their students’ intercultural sensitivity. These teachers have an informed and conscious approach to not using multicultural approaches in the teaching process. This approach is named by the author as the “inactive action approach”, which is specific to Georgia and is widely used in primary school classes.

Practical implications
– The study has scientific and practical importance. The findings of this study also have practical importance. They can be used for the implementation of teacher education and training programs in Georgia. Consideration of these findings will contribute to the implementation of the National Objectives of General Education and the National Curriculum of Georgia.

Originality/value
– This study makes contribution to the development of the field of multicultural education in Georgia.
The life and times of a senior scholar: an interview with Denise Rousseau
Authors: Moore Karl 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to present an interview of a senior scholar to get their perspectives on the field, its history and future.

Design/methodology/approach
– A semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted.

Findings
– It is one person’s person views, albeit, a person with very considerable success in the field of business studies.

Originality/value
– The interview reflects the changes in business schools over the interviewee’s decades of experience.