bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of pelvic translation and lower-extremity compensation to maintain gravity line position in spinal deformity
Authors: Ferrero Emmanuelle , Liabaud Barthelemy , Challier Vincent , Lafage Renaud , Diebo Bassel G. , Vira Shaleen , Liu Shian , Vital Jean Marc , Ilharreborde Brice , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Errico Thomas J. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie 
Published: November 2015

OBJECT
Previous forceplate studies analyzing the impact of sagittal-plane spinal deformity on pelvic parameters have demonstrated the compensatory mechanisms of pelvis translation in addition to rotation. However, the mechanisms recruited for this pelvic rotation were not assessed. This study aims to analyze the relationship between spinopelvic and lower-extremity parameters and clarify the role of pelvic translation.

METHODS
This is a retrospective study of patients with spinal deformity and full-body EOS images. Patients with only stenosis or low-back pain were excluded. Patients were grouped according to T-1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPi): sagittal forward (forward, > 0.5°), neutral (−6.3° to 0.5°), or backward (< −6.3°). Pelvic translation was quantified by pelvic shift (sagittal offset between the posterosuperior corner of the sacrum and anterior cortex of the distal tibia), hip extension was measured using the sacrofemoral angle (SFA; the angle formed by the middle of the sacral endplate and the bicoxofemoral axis and the line between the bicoxofemoral axis and the femoral axis), and chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the parameters and correlation with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).

RESULTS
In total, 336 patients (71% female; mean age 57 years; mean body mass index 27 kg/m2) had mean T1SPi values of −8.8°, −3.5°, and 5.9° in the backward, neutral, and forward groups, respectively. There were significant differences in the lower-extremity and spinopelvic parameters between T1SPi groups. The backward group had a normal lumbar lordosis (LL), negative SVA and pelvic shift, and the largest hip extension. Forward patients had a small LL and an increased SVA, with a large pelvic shift creating compensatory knee flexion. Significant correlations existed between lower-limb parameter and pelvic shift, pelvic tilt, T-1 pelvic angle, T1SPi, and sagittal vertical axis (0.3 < r < 0.8; p < 0.001). ODI was significantly correlated with knee flexion and pelvic shift.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to describe full-body alignment in a large population of patients with spinal pathologies. Furthermore, patients categorized based on T1SPi were found to have significant differences in the pelvic shift and lower-limb compensatory mechanisms. Correlations between lower-limb angles, pelvic shift, and ODI were identified. These differences in compensatory mechanisms should be considered when evaluating and planning surgical intervention for adult patients with spinal deformity.
Response times of ice-sheet surface heights to changes in the rate of Antarctic firn compaction caused by accumulation and temperature variations
Authors: Li Jun , Zwally H. Jay 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVariations in accumulation rate As(t) and temperature Ts(t) at the surface of firn cause changes in the rate of firn compaction (FC) and surface height H(t) that do not involve changes in mass, and therefore need to be accounted for in deriving mass changes from measured H(t). As the effects of changes in As(t) and Ts(t) propagate into the firn, the FC rate is affected with a highly variable and complex response time. The H(t) during measurement periods depend on the history of As(t) and Ts(t) prior to the measurements. Consequently, knowledge of firn response times to climate perturbations is important to estimate the required length of the time series of As(t) and Ts(t) used in FC models. We use our numerical FC model, which is time-dependent on both temperature and accumulation rate, to examine the response times of both H(t) and the rates of change dH(t)/dt to variations in As(t) and Ts(t) using sample perturbations and climate data for selected sites in Antarctica. Our results show that the response times for dH(t)/dt, which are of particular interest, are much shorter than the responses of H(t). Typical response times of dH(t)/dt are from several years to <20 years. The response times are faster in warmer and higher-accumulation areas such as Byrd Station, West Antarctica (4 years), and slower in colder and lower-accumulation areas such as Vostok, East Antarctica (18 years). The response times to temperature are much faster (0.9 year at Byrd and 2.2 years at Vostok), but the corresponding height changes persist much longer. The associated variations in firn density are significantly preserved in the density–depth profiles. For typical fluctuations of surface weather, the Ts(t) from satellite observations since 1982 and As(t) from meteorological data since 1979 are essentially of sufficient length to correct for FC height changes for measurements beginning in 1992.
Clay mineral precipitation and low silica in glacier meltwaters explored through reaction-path modelling
Authors: Crompton Jeff W. , Flowers Gwenn E. , Kirste Dirk , Hagedorn Birgit , Sharp Martin J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe subglacial chemical weathering environment is largely controlled by low temperatures and the presence of freshly comminuted minerals with a high surface area. These characteristics are believed to promote dissolution processes that give rise to low silica and high Ca2+fluxes emanating from glacierized basins. We test an alternative hypothesis, that mineral precipitation reactions in the subglacial environment play an equally important role in controlling the water chemistry in glacierized basins. We analyze borehole and proglacial water chemistry from a subarctic polythermal glacier, complemented by mineral XRD analysis of suspended sediment, till and bedrock samples. In conjunction with a thermodynamic analysis of the water and mineral chemistry, we use reaction-path modelling to study the chemical enrichment of water through the glacier system. We find that the high pH of the subglacial environment is conducive to secondary mineral precipitation, and that it is not possible to balance the water chemistry using dissolution reactions alone. We show that low silica can be explained by standard weathering reactions without having to invoke mineral-leaching reactions. Our results suggest that subglacial weathering intensity may be significantly underestimated if the production of secondary minerals is not considered.
Efficacy and Safety of a Switch to Rilpivirine-Based Regimens in Treatment-Experienced HIV-1-Infected Patients: A Cohort Study
Authors: Gazaignes Sandrine , Resche-Rigon Matthieu , Gatey Caroline , Yang Chloe , Denis Blandine , Fonsart Julien , Desseaux Kristell , Guionie Michel , Rozenbaum Willy , Delaugerre Constance , Molina Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2015

Background Rilpivirine (RPV) is a second-generation once-daily non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) which has shown non-inferior antiviral activity to efavirenz in treatment-naive patients. Data in treatment-experienced patients are more limited. We wished to assess the efficacy and safety of a switch to RPV-based regimens in well-suppressed treatment-experienced patients. Methods Between September 2012 and June 2013, all antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced HIV-1-infected patients with a plasma HIV RNA level <50 copies/ml, and switching to an RPV-based regimen, were analysed in this retrospective observational monocentric cohort study. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with virological success defined as a plasma HIV RNA level <50 copies/ml at 12 months using the FDA snapshot algorithm. Results A total of 281 participants were studied and 97% received a combination of RPV/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine. At month 12, the rate of virological success was 59% and increased to 72% using available data beyond month 12. Sixteen (6%) patients experienced virological failure, which was associated with the presence of the M184V/I resistance mutation in prior genotypes ( P=0.02) and the use of a non-NNRTI as third agent before the switch ( P=0.03). RPV-based regimens were overall well tolerated and only 23 (8%) patients discontinued ART because of adverse events, mostly neuropsychiatric adverse events. Switching to RPV was associated with significant but modest improvement of the lipid profile. Conclusions In patients fully suppressed on ART, a switch to an RPV-based regimen should only be considered in the absence of prior virological failure or resistance mutations to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and NNRTIs to avoid virological failures.
Checklist of host plants of insect galls in the state of Goiás in the Midwest Region of Brazil
Authors: Araújo Walter , Porfírio Júnior Eder , Ribeiro Bárbara , Silva Taiza , Silva Elienai , Guilherme Frederico , Scareli-Santos Claudia , Santos Benedito 
Published: November 2015

Surveys of host plants of insect galls have been performed in different regions of Brazil. The knowledge of species of host plants of insect galls is fundamental to further studies of plant-galling insect interactions. However, a list of host plant species of gall-inducing insects has not yet been compiled for the flora of the Midwest Region of Brazil.
We provide a compilation of the plant species reported to host insect galls in the Cerrado of the state of Goiás in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Altogether we found records for 181 species of 47 families of host plants, which hosted 365 distinct gall morphotypes.
Le paradoxe extraterritorial au cœur des territoires mondialisés. Le cas de la zone économique spéciale d'Aqaba, Jordanie
Authors: Alaime Matthieu 
Published: November 2015

La dimension extraterritoriale semble constituer aujourd'hui un élément incontournable dans l'analyse des modalités de construction de certains territoires perçus comme des espaces hautement stratégiques de la mondialisation économique. Phénomène au cœur de représentations sociales de l'espace, il met surtout en lumière des processus de construction territoriale ex-nihilo se trouvant en rupture des configurations socio-spatiales préexistantes. L'extraterritorialité est souvent évoquée dans l'appréhension de certaines modalités de « fabrique de la ville » (politique des grands projets dans les grandes métropoles arabes) comme dans l'étude de hauts lieux de la mondialisation économique à l'image des zones franches. Cet article tente, à travers l'exemple de la zone économique spéciale d'Aqaba en Jordanie, de rendre compte de l'existence de différentes dimensions extraterritoriales et s'attache à en révéler leurs manifestations, les modalités d'ancrage ainsi que leur articulation sur le territoire hôte.
Patrimoines ecclésiastiques urbains au Moyen Âge et à l’Époque moderne
Authors: Riche Denyse 
Published: November 2015

Si les institutions ecclésiastiques, qu’elles soient monastiques, épiscopales ou canoniales, suscitent, depuis quelques années, un intérêt accru de la part des historiens, elles bénéficient aussi d’une approche renouvelée. À leur fonction religieuse, traditionnellement privilégiée, sont venus s’adjoindre d’autres thèmes de recherche, parmi lesquels leur dimension économique et leur puissance temporelle, leurs relations avec les autorités qu’elles soient religieuses ou politiques ou, plus récemment, celles avec les communautés rurales et ici urbaines. Il convient donc d’apprécier les contributions qui sont présentées dans ce volume comme autant de jalons dans une histoire qui reste encore largement à écrire. Trois volets principaux s’en dégagent : l’ampleur des possessions ecclésiastiques et leur inscription dans l’espace urbain, le rôle des ecclésiastiques comme opérateurs urbains, la mise en place de rouages administratifs complexes.
Un changement de braquet dans l’action municipale des années 1970 ?
Authors: Passalacqua Arnaud , Huré Maxime 
Published: November 2015

Au cours des années 1970, La Rochelle se positionna comme ville pionnière en matière environnementale. L’action la plus importante de ce point de vue reste la mise en place de systèmes de vélos en libre-service en 1976, dans le cadre de ce qui était alors qualifié de banalisation des bicyclettes dans le cœur historique de la ville. Inspiré non sans ambiguïté à la fois par l’esprit libertaire de la fin des années 1960 et le développement de la société de consommation, ce nouveau système de mobilité visait d’abord à désengorger le centre-ville de la congestion automobile. Mais il croisait des enjeux multiples (identité politique du maire, Michel Crépeau, regain d’intérêt de l’État pour les villes moyennes, test d’une innovation de transport...). Le pilotage original de l’opération, par le biais d’une commission extra-municipale, dut ainsi concilier ces différentes tensions, avant que la solution d’une normalisation du service, par le biais d’acteurs privés, ne s’impose.
Chantiers et matériaux de construction à Paris à la fin de l’Ancien Régime : un espace urbain sous tension
Authors: Le Roux Thomas 
Published: November 2015

La régulation des chantiers de construction à Paris dans les dernières années de l’Ancien Régime montre un espace urbain sous tension. L’accroissement du secteur du bâtiment croise en effet des volontés réformatrices de la police de plus en plus affirmées. Sur l’espace public, les chantiers posent des problèmes de circulation, de sécurité et de salubrité que les autorités ont du mal à contenir. Indéniablement, la ville doit s’adapter à de nouvelles configurations techniques et économiques. Toutefois, si de multiples projets urbains achoppent, les autorités parisiennes, en premier lieu la Lieutenance générale de police, parviennent, au prix d’un accommodement avec ce secteur économique primordial à la vie de la cité, à réguler au jour le jour les divers embarras qu’il provoque. L’exemple de la production et de l’utilisation du plâtre montre que leur rôle reste essentiel – l’inertie des toutes dernières années révélant combien l’absence d’une politique ambitieuse désorganise la vie urbaine.
Ubi tu Gaius, ibi ego Gaia. Enjeux historiographiques du mariage romain
Authors: Armani Sabine 
Published: November 2015

L’auteur balaie cent cinquante années d’études relatives au mariage romain. Pendant longtemps, l’intérêt porté aux «  grands textes  » explique que les premiers travaux aient fait la part belle aux aspects religieux et juridiques de l’union dans la Rome ancienne. Avec la seconde moitié du xxe siècle marquée par le développement des sciences sociales, les analyses s’enrichissent de nouveaux questionnements et problématiques en adoptant notamment les grilles de lecture lévi-straussiennes. C’est à cette époque que les théories duméziliennes sur la trifonctionnalité du mariage romain connaissent leurs premières critiques. Au milieu des années 1980, sous l’influence de l’épigraphie qui s’impose progressivement comme une science à part entière, les techniques de mise en série consacrent provisoirement la prédominance des études quantitatives importées du monde anglo-saxon. Appliquées à l’analyse de l’union dans le monde romain, elles contribuèrent à explorer de nouvelles pistes tant sur le plan démographique (âge au mariage des conjoints), que social (la question de l’alliance dans les couches inférieures à l’aristocratie impériale) ou encore géographique avec la prise en considération de plus en plus fréquente des sociétés provinciales. Ce n’est que récemment que les études de genre ont investi le champ du mariage romain. Devant le foisonnement des travaux, l’auteur propose, pour finir, de décloisonner les approches pour tenter une lecture globale du dossier.
L’excision et conséquences: Une lecture womaniste de Tu t’Appelleras Tanga de Calixthe Beyala
Authors: Muotoo Chukwunonso Hyacinth , Balogun LI 
Published: November 2015

En Afrique traditionnelle, la femme est vue comme un être sans voix. Elle est susceptible à toutes sortes d’exploitation et d’oppression. Elle est dépersonnalisée et abandonnée. L’excision est un des sujets traités par les écrivaines africaines dans leurs oeuvres et dont la femme est victime. C’est une pratique douloureuse qui traumatise psychologiquement et physiquement les victimes. C’est une pratique barbare et qui pose des dangers chez les femmes. Cette étude vise à critiquer l’excision qui est une des pratiques qui rongent la société africaine. C’est une pratique dégradante et oppressive. Calixthe Beyala étant écrivaine, critique et cherche à fustiger certaines institutions patriarcales qui font obstacle à l’émancipation et à l’épanouissement de la femme africaine dont l’excision fait partie. Cette étude s’appuiera sur la théorie womaniste surtout celle de Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi pour qu’on puisse faire une analyse profonde du sujet en question.In the traditional Africa, the woman is seen as a being without voice. She is prone to all sorts of exploitation and oppression. She is depersonalised and abandoned. Excision is one of the topics treated by the African writers of which the woman is a victim. It is a painful practice that psychologically and physically traumatises the victims. It is a barbaric practice which poses danger to women. The aim of this study is to criticise excision which is a practice that corrodes the African society. It is a degrading and an oppressive practice. Calixthe Beyala, being a writer criticises and thrashes certain patriarchal institutions that are obstacles to the emancipation and the growth of the African woman of which excision is one of them. This study will hinge on the theory of womanism especially that of Chikwenye Okonjo Ogunyemi with a view to making a deep analysis of the subject in question.
A Political Analysis of the August 9, 2014 Gubernatorial Election in Osun State, South West Nigeria
Authors: Egwemi Victor 
Published: November 2015

The August 9, 2014 gubernatorial election in Osun state, South West Nigeria was significant in many ways. It was the second in the series of major elections before the 2015 general elections. Coming on the heels of the June 21, 2014 gubernatorial election in Ekiti state it provided an opportunity for the two major political parties in the country the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and the All Progressive Congress (APC) to test their electoral strength once again. In Ekiti the PDP was victorious and there was much talk about the Osun election also going the way of the PDP. As it turned out, the Osun election was won by the APC and there are major lessons to be taken from the election. Among other things, it is clear that when elections are keenly contested, the political parties and their candidates go the extra mile to woo the electorates. The ultimate gainers in such a scenario are the people because it is they that decide the outcome. As a corollary, the country’s democracy is strengthened. While there have been complains about the militarization of the election, this paper is of the opinion that it was the so-called militarization that led to the success recorded in the election. The paper advocates that the country needs to build on the successes recorded in the Osun election to make future elections in the country even better. It strongly recommends staggered elections for the country so that adequate men and materials can be mobilized for elections in the country as was the case in the Ekiti and Osun elections.Key words: Political Analysis, Gubernatorial, Election, Osun, Nigeria
Competencies Required of Secretaries to Manage Records Life Cycle in Government Offices in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Ile Chika Madu , Oguejiofor Chinwe Sussan 
Published: November 2015

This study determined basic records life cycle management competencies required by secretaries in offices. The population was 298 secretaries. Structured questionnaire was used. The instrument was validated by three experts. Its internal consistency was determined using Cronbach Alpha and the result was a high reliability coefficient of 0.75. Data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation, while t-test was used to test the null hypothesis. The findings of the study showed, that secretaries require all the basic records lifecycle competencies identified by this study. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made including that the training institutions should ensure that they incorporate into their curriculum offerings to prepare graduates for management of records in offices.
Effectiveness of Counselllng in the adjustment of Delinquent Students in Secondarv Schools in Anambra State
Authors: Egenti Uju P 
Published: November 2015

Delinquency is one of the serious challenges that face secondary schools in Anambra State. The purpose of this study therefore was to ascertain the effectiveness of counselling in the adjustment of delinquents in secondary schools in Anambra State. It is a descriptive survey guided by one research question and the hypothesis. The population of the study comprised two hundred and fifty-one (251) counsellors in the 251 government-owned secondary schools in the State. The entire population was studied. A researcher-developed instrument duly validated by experts and whose reliability index was 0.81 was used in data collection. The researcher with the help of assistants administered the instrument. Mean scores and z-test were used in data analysis. It was among others found that counselling is effective in helping delinquent students adjust in the areas of provision of services in schools to help delinquents learn basic values for their socialization. One of the recommendations is that counselors should make counselling effective in terms of providing information to the delinquent regarding vocational training of the delinquents to ease their adjustment in school.Key words: Counselling, Adjustment, Delinquency
Women Historiography: A Tool for Global Peace
Authors: Dike Evelyn Obiageli 
Published: November 2015

Women have been more commonly known by their peaceful nature. This quality is indispensable in all peace pursuits and engagements. The importance of history in the propagation of this is undisputable. It will serve as an encourager of the attributes and styles which women have been known for. In this era of women liberation and gender streamlining, it is very urgent that the sterling qualities of women be safeguarded jealously. This can only come about through good historical education. Women possess salient qualities of patience, dialogue and cooperation; all constituting inalienable tools for peace. The neglect and lack of appreciation of these qualities in this increasingly self-seeking globe is a short cut to an abandonment of these qualities. This paper reveals how the above qualities aided the victory of the Biafran side of the war, where economic blockade as a war tool would have decimated the entire aspiring Republic. While women did not mainly handle the nozzles of guns or tanks, their activities culminated in the preservation and safeguarding of lives. This role cannot be underestimated in all factual accounts of the journey to peace after the monster of engagement in war; after all, where is the victory of an army general who loses his entire troops in the battle ground?Key Words: Peace; Patience; Dialogue; Cooperation The hand that cuddles more likely will preserve even in adverse circumstances.