bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment for School Refusal Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Maynard Brandy R. , Heyne David , Brendel Kristen Esposito , Bulanda Jeffery J. , Thompson Aaron M. , Pigott Terri D. 
Published: August 2015

Objective: School refusal is a psychosocial problem associated with adverse short- and long-term consequences for children and adolescents. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effects of psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with school refusal. Method: A comprehensive search process was used to find eligible randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies assessing the effects of psychosocial treatments on anxiety or attendance outcomes. Data were quantitatively synthesized using meta-analytic methods. Results: Eight studies including 435 children and adolescents with school refusal were included in this review. Significant effects were found for attendance but not for anxiety. Conclusions: Evidence indicates that improvements in school attendance occur for children and adolescents with school refusal who receive psychosocial treatment. The lack of evidence of short-term effects on anxiety points to the need for long-term follow-up studies to determine whether increased attendance ultimately leads to reduced anxiety.
Engaging Physician Learners Through a Web-Based Platform
Authors: Bergman Jonathan , Ballon-Landa Eric , Lerman Steven E. , Kwan Lorna , Bennett Carol J. , Litwin Mark S. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Web-based modules provide a convenient and low-cost education platform, yet should be carefully designed to ensure that learners are actively engaged. In order to improve attitudes and knowledge in end-of-life (EOL) care, we developed a web-based educational module that employed hyperlinks to allow users access to auxiliary resources: clinical guidelines and seminal research papers. Methods: Participants took pre-test evaluations of attitudes and knowledge regarding EOL care prior to accessing the educational module, and a post-test evaluation following the module intervention. We recorded the type of hyperlinks (guideline or paper) accessed by learners, and stratified participants into groups based on link type accessed (none, either, or both). We used demographic and educational data to develop a multivariate mixed-effects regression analysis to develop adjusted predictions of attitudes and knowledge. Results: 114 individuals participated. The majority had some professional exposure to EOL care (prior instruction 62%; EOL referral 53%; EOL discussion 56%), though most had no family (68%) or personal experience (51%). On bivariate analysis, non-partnered ( p = .04), medical student training level ( p = .03), prior palliative care referral ( p = .02), having a family member ( p = .02) and personal experience of EOL care ( p < .01) were all associated with linking to auxiliary resources via hyperlinks. When adjusting for confounders, β coefficient estimates and least squares estimation demonstrated that participants clicking on both hyperlink types were more likely to score higher on all knowledge and attitude items, and demonstrate increased score improvements. Conclusion: Auxiliary resources accessible by hyperlink are an effective adjunct to web-based learning in end-of-life care.
Change in the collateral and accessory collateral ligament lengths of the proximal interphalangeal joint using cadaveric model three-dimensional laser scanning
Authors: Sandhu S. S. , Dreckmann S. , Binhammer P. A. 
Published: August 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the lengths of the index and middle finger proximal interphalangeal joint ligaments and determine the relative changes in the collateral and accessory collateral ligament lengths at 0°, 45° and 90° flexion. We generated three-dimensional scans of 16 finger (eight index and eight middle) proximal interphalangeal joints to assess relative changes in ligament length. Significant changes were found between 45°–90° and 0°–90° for the ulnar collateral ligament of the index finger and both collateral ligaments of the middle finger between 45°–90° and 0°–90°. No significant changes in length were found for the radial collateral ligament of the index finger or the accessory collateral ligaments of the index and middle fingers. Overall, it was found that the collateral ligament length changed significantly, but there was no significant change in the accessory collateral ligaments. Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic IV
A qualitative study of recruiting for investigations in primary care: Plan, pay, minimise intermediaries and keep it simple
Authors: Kenealy Timothy W , Hao’uli Sefita , Arroll Bruce 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: We sought successful strategies to recruit patient and practitioner participants for studies from primary care. Methods: We interviewed people who had participated and who had not participated in a randomised controlled trial that did not reach recruitment target and successful primary care researchers. The participants and non-participants were mostly Pacific peoples. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed and reported using qualitative description. The study took place in New Zealand in 2013–2014. Results: A total of 31 people were interviewed. Researchers agreed that recruitment was usually the single most important phase of research but was usually under-planned and under-funded. All researchers recommended a pilot study that addressed recruitment. Successful researchers actively monitored recruitment and adapted the process as needed. Most projects were undertaken by our researchers recruited via an intermediary such as a general practice nurse. Strategies were adapted to the target population, such as specific acute or chronic conditions, age, ethnicity and gender. Intermediaries were actively recruited and retained in a manner that was often more intense than actual participant recruitment and retention. ‘Layers’ of intermediaries were kept to a minimum as each layer needed to be actively recruited and retained and each layer reduced participant recruitment rates. The task of intermediaries was kept simple and minimal and they were paid in some manner. Similarly, participant workload was kept to a minimum and they were paid in some manner that was intended to cover their participation costs and perhaps a little more. Even the most experienced researchers did not always achieve recruitment targets. Our interviews focused on patient participants but included recruiting general practitioners, nurses and others as research subjects. Conclusion: Strategy details varied with the target population but had in common the need to intensively recruit and retain intermediaries, minimise layers of intermediaries, and the need to pay and minimise workload for both intermediaries and participants.
Solid Predominant Histologic Subtype in Resected Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma Is an Independent Predictor of Early, Extrathoracic, Multisite Recurrence and of Poor Postrecurrence Survival
Authors: Ujiie Hideki , Kadota Kyuichi , Chaft Jamie E. , Buitrago Daniel , Sima Camelia S. , Lee Ming-Ching , Huang James , Travis William D. , Rizk Nabil P. , Rudin Charles M. , Jones David R. , Adusumilli Prasad S. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose To examine the significance of the proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) histologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma for patterns of recurrence and, among patients who recur following resection of stage I lung adenocarcinoma, for postrecurrence survival (PRS). Patients and Methods We reviewed patients with stage I lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone complete surgical resection from 1999 to 2009 (N = 1,120). Tumors were subtyped by using the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. The effects of the dominant subtype on recurrence and, among patients who recurred, on PRS were investigated. Results Of 1,120 patients identified, 188 had recurrent disease, 103 of whom died as a result of lung cancer. Among patients who recurred, 2-year PRS was 45%, and median PRS was 26.1 months. Compared with patients with nonsolid tumors, patients with solid predominant tumors had earlier (P = .007), more extrathoracic (P < .001), and more multisite (P = .011) recurrences. Multivariable analysis of primary tumor factors revealed that, among patients who recurred, solid predominant histologic pattern in the primary tumor (hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; P = .016), age older than 65 years (HR, 1.63; P = .01), and sublobar resection (HR, 1.6; P = .01) were significantly associated with worse PRS. Presence of extrathoracic metastasis (HR, 1.76; P = .013) and age older than 65 years at the time of recurrence (HR, 1.7; P = .014) were also significantly associated with worse PRS. Conclusion In patients with stage I primary lung adenocarcinoma, solid predominant subtype is an independent predictor of early recurrence and, among those patients who recur, of worse PRS. Our findings provide a rationale for investigating adjuvant therapy and identify novel therapeutic targets for patients with solid predominant lung adenocarcinoma.
Diagnosis of Primary Hypophysitis in Germany
Authors: Honegger Jürgen , Schlaffer Sven , Menzel Christa , Droste Michael , Werner Sandy , Elbelt Ulf , Strasburger Christian , Störmann Sylvère , Küppers Anna , Streetz-van der Werf Christine , Deutschbein Timo , Stieg Mareike , Rotermund Roman , Milian Monika , Petersenn Stephan ,   on behalf of the Pituitary Working Group of the German Society of Endocrinology
Published: August 2015

Context:
Representative data on diagnostic findings in primary hypophysitis (PrHy) are scarce.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to collate consistent data on clinical features in a large series of patients with PrHy. Another objective was to gain information on current practice in a diagnostic work-up.

Design:
The Pituitary Working Group of the German Society of Endocrinology conducted a nationwide retrospective cross-sectional cohort study in Germany.

Patients:
Seventy-six patients with PrHy were identified.

Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical and endocrinological features were assessed.

Results:
Headache (50%) and increase in body mass (18%) were the most frequent nonendocrine symptoms. Hypophysitis was associated with pregnancy in only 11% of the female patients. Diabetes insipidus was found in 54% of the patients at presentation. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was the most frequent endocrine failure (62%), whereas GH deficiency was the least frequent (37%). With 86%, thickening of the pituitary stalk was the prevailing neuroradiological sign. Compared with surgical cases, the cases without histological confirmation presented more often with suprasellar lesions and had less severe nonendocrine symptoms. Granulomatous hypophysitis was associated with more severe clinical symptoms than lymphocytic hypophysitis. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid was predominantly performed in participating neurosurgical centers, whereas thyroid antibodies were almost exclusively assessed in endocrinological centers.

Conclusion:
In contrast to the literature, hypogonadism was found to be the most frequent endocrine failure in PrHy. Weight gain was identified as a clinical sign of PrHy. In the majority of patients, PrHy can be reliably identified by characteristic clinical signs and symptoms, obviating histological confirmation. The diagnostic approach should be standardized in PrHy.
La abducción como una posibilidad para proponer ideas nuevas en textos narrativos literarios
Authors: Ramírez Franco Maryory 
Published: August 2015

<p class="Default">Por lo general, el trabajo de textos narrativos en los estudiantes de educación básica y media ha sido un poco utópico, pues la sola actitud frente a la lectura refleja la manera tan esquemática en la que se ha trabajado la misma grado tras grado, por esta razón se evidencia la desmotivación frente a la literatura y las metodologías tan esquemáticas que se presentan alrededor de la misma, limitándose al análisis de la forma, de quiénes son los personajes, sin trascender o realizar algún tipo de inferencia más elevado; por ello en el presente artículo se muestra el recorrido realizado durante cinco años con el método abductivo propuesto por Charles Sanders Peirce, y la manera en cómo éste fue abordado en el trabajo de grado del pregrado, hasta ser implementado como una estrategia didáctica para acercarse a textos narrativos enigmáticos en el aula de clases, con estudiantes de los grados noveno y décimo y con docentes en formación o en ejercicio, del área del lenguaje o afines.</p>
Deberes ciudadanos y diversidad cultural: comprensión de los discursos de estudiantes y docentes desde la alteridad y la subjetividad
Authors: Muñoz García Pablo Alexander 
Published: August 2015

<p>El presente artículo hace parte de una amplia investigación cualitativa hermenéutica que buscó comprender la configuración de la educación política en las prácticas pedagógicas de la educación media en el Instituto Salesiano San Juan Bosco de Cúcuta. Se muestran los resultados de la categoría “deberes ciudadanos y diversidad cultural” con el objetivo de<br />comprender los relatos de los actores desde la alteridad y la subjetividad. Los resultados evidencian que los discursos de los participantes configuran una posibilidad para construir subjetividad, sentido de la<br />alteridad, sentido de lo público y sentido de lo político, y que representan un desafío a la participación en la esfera pública.</p>
Representaciones sociales de los estudiantes sobre el trabajo docente
Authors: Santana Gaitán Luisa Carlota 
Published: August 2015

<p>Con el propósito de contribuir a la discusión y comprensión del hacer del docente, este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación realizada con un grupo de estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias y Educación de la Universidad Distrital acerca de las representaciones sociales que han construido sobre el trabajo de los docentes. Para su abordaje se asumió el enfoque estructural de Jean Abric, que permite identificar su núcleo y su estructura. La investigación de carácter cualitativo e interpretativo empleó técnicas interrogativas y asociativas. El análisis de contenido del corpus textual arrojó un campo representacional amplio del trabajo docente, que da cuenta del<br />sentido que se le otorga, del hacer que se le atribuye y del docente propiamente dicho. El núcleo de la representación social se centra en considerar al docente y su trabajo como portadores de valores éticos y morales desde los cuales se propende por la trasformación social.</p>
Production of phosphate biofertilizers
from bones by phosphate-solubilizing
bacteria Bacillus megaterium
Authors: Wyciszkiewicz Małgorzata , Saeid Agnieszka , Chojnacka Katarzyna , Górecki Henryk 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the production of phosphate biofertilizers from bones by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Bacillus megaterium is presented. The biofertilizers used in this study contain phosphorus compounds that are in available form to plants as well as components of growth medium. The solubilization was performed under two conditions; with chlorides and with sulphates instead of chlorides. Three biofertilizer forms are proposed in relation to the doses of bones applied in the solubilization process (4, 10 or 20 g L-1). The solubilization degree varied according to the bacterial medium formulation and the bones doses. The replacement of chlorides with sulphates yielded a lower growth rate, and resulted, in a lower solubilization. The specific growth rate of the cells of B. megaterium in a sulphate medium was lower than compared with the specific growth rate of cell culture in a medium of chlorides of about 22.4, 39 and 14%, for 4, 10 and 20 g L-1 of bones concentration, respectively. In the stationary phase, the solubilization factor (SF) was higher (61.7%) for the solubilization process conducted in a medium with chlorides − Cbone
4 g L-1, compared with the solubilization process conducted in the medium of sulphates (52.7%).
Sovereignty as Trusteeship and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Fox-Decent Evan , Dahlman Ian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe explore two special challenges indigenous peoples pose to the idea of sovereigns as trustees for humanity. The first challenge is rooted in a colonial history during which a trusteeship model of sovereignty served as an enabler of paternalistic colonial policies. The challenge is to show that the trusteeship model is not irreparably colonial in nature. The second challenge, which emerges from the first, is to specify the scope and nature of indigenous peoples’ sovereignty within the trusteeship model. Whereas the interaction between states and foreign nationals is the locus of cosmopolitan law, the relationship between states and indigenous peoples is distinctive. In the ordinary cosmopolitan case, foreign nationals do not purport to possess legal authority. Indigenous peoples often do make such a claim, pitting their claim to authority against the state’s. We discuss how international law has attempted to come to grips with indigenous sovereignty by requiring states to include indigenous peoples in decision-making processes that affect their historical lands and rights. A crucial fault line in the jurisprudence, however, separates a duty to consult indigenous peoples from a duty to acquire their free, prior and informed consent (FPIC). The latter but not the former recognizes that indigenous peoples possess a veto over state projects on their lands, in effect recognizing in them a limited co-legislative power. We focus on recent jurisprudence from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and consider whether either the duty to consult or FPIC are enough to dispel the shadow of the trusteeship model’s colonial past. We suggest that they are a move in the right direction, and that implicitly they represent international law’s recognition that states are no longer the sole bearers of sovereignty at international law. In limited circumstances, international law recognizes indigenous peoples as sovereign actors.
Free Radical Production from Controlled Low-Energy Fires: Toxicity Considerations
Authors: Lowry WT , Peterson J , Petty CS , Badgett JL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Most fire departments respond within the first 5 min of notification of a fire. If fire victims are found at that stage by the firefighters, then incapacitation or death has occurred during the initial low-energy phase where smoke is being produced. Studies have shown that during this initial low-energy phase of the fire, gases commonly thought responsible for incapacitation or death are frequently not present in concentrations adequate to cause this result. In the current study free radicals, measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, were trapped in concentrations that we consider incapacitating, thus providing an explanation for “incapacitation without cause.” This finding points the way to the design of more efficient temporary protective equipment for those who are in a high fire hazard environment, such as airline passengers, and suggests the idea of establishing a thermodynamic marker for the relative toxicity of building materials.
Phenotyping Phosphoglucose Isomerase in West Coast Cervids for Species Identification and Individualization
Authors: Pex JO , Wolfe JR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) from 111 Columbia blacktail deer, 65 mule deer, 21 Sitka blacktail deer, 100 moose, 46 elk, 75 caribou, 46 reindeer, and 2 whitetail deer was examined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Mule deer and Columbia blacktail deer exhibited a biallelic polymorphism at the PGI-1 locus. Allele frequencies were 0.18 and 0.82 for Columbia blacktail deer and 0.70 and 0.30 for mule deer. No PGI variation was present in the other cervids examined, except for a single caribou variant. PGI phenotyping can be of value in individualizing meat from mule and blacktail deer for wildlife law enforcement. Comparison of PGI mobilities can also be used to differentiate between several of the monomorphic species, and can differentiate between beef and all the cervids except elk.
Felt Tip Pen Writing: Problems of Identification
Authors: Fenner Masson J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
At times the document examiner must compare questioned handwriting to samples of genuine writing which are written with a different kind of writing instrument than the questioned writing. This raises the question of whether or not individual writers change their handwriting habits as a result of the writing instrument used. The writing instrument of particular interest to the author was the broad point felt tip marker. A study of handwriting with various writing instruments revealed the acceptability of comparing ballpoint pen or fiber tip pen writings with questioned felt tip marker writings, with certain limitations.
Observations on ToxTrap Silica Gel Breath Capture Tubes for Alcohol Analysis
Authors: Bergh AK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the accuracy, precision, and reliability of ToxTrap silica gel tubes relative to the capture, from Intoxilyzers®, and subsequent analysis of alcohol derived from Simulator vapors or breath samples. Factors influencing analytical results, such as the presence of moisture in the tubes, were investigated. Comparisons were made between immediate, direct Intoxilyzer results and ToxTrap tube results obtained by a gas chromatographic technique.
Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team (MFAT) Case Studies in Identification: 3. Identification of John J. Sullivan, the Missing Journalist
Authors: Zugibe FT , Taylor J , Weg N , DiBennerdo R , Costello JT , DeForest P 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Skeletal remains removed from an unmarked grave in El Salvador were intensively studied by a team of forensic science experts. Even though the skull, teeth, and several major bones were missing, a positive identification was made of the missing journalist. This was contrary to reports submitted to the State Department by Salvadorian officials. All of the methods used in this investigation, which includes a new method for simultaneously assessing sex and race by discriminant function analysis that was tested by application, are fully described. The international background of this case and information regarding the cause of death is discussed.
Identification of a Murder Weapon by a Peculiar Blunt Force Injury Pattern and Histochemical Analysis
Authors: Zugibe FT , Costello JT 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Attempts to determine the instrument in the brutal killing of a middle-aged male resulted in the positive identification of an auto jack column as the actual instrument used. This was accomplished by the use of three modalities: (1) the edge of the jack column conformed exactly to a multi-curved laceration in the forehead (site of lethal injury), (2) blood found within this edge of the jack column afforded the same blood type as that of the victim, and (3) tissue sections made of the blood and debris from this edge of the jack column revealed tissue fragments containing human keratin (antihuman keratin technique) and positive staining with collagen stains.
An Aqueous-Organic Extraction Method for the Isolation and Identification of Psilocin from Hallucinogenic Mushrooms
Authors: Casale JF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A simple aqueous extraction method for the isolation and identification of psilocin from Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms is reported. This method employs a dephosphorylation of the phosphate ester to psilocin, which facilitates a greater product yield and simplifies identification. Psilocin extracted by this method is sufficiently concentrated and free of cocontaminants to allow identification by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.