bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A distributed approach to network anomaly detection based on independent component analysis
Authors: Palmieri Francesco , Fiore Ugo , Castiglione Aniello 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYNetwork anomalies, circumstances in which the network behavior deviates from its normal operational baseline, can be due to various factors such as network overload conditions, malicious/hostile activities, denial of service attacks, and network intrusions. New detection schemes based on machine learning principles are therefore desirable as they can learn the nature of normal traffic behavior and autonomously adapt to variations in the structure of ‘normality’ as well as recognize the significant deviations as suspicious or anomalous events. The main advantages of these techniques are that, in principle, they are not restricted to any specific environment and that they can provide a way of detecting unknown attacks. Detection performance is directly correlated with the traffic model quality, in terms of ability of representing the traffic behavior from its most characterizing internal dynamics. Starting from these ideas, we developed a two‐stage anomaly detection strategy based on multiple distributed sensors located throughout the network. By using Independent Component Analysis, the first step, modeled as a Blind Source Separation problem, extracts the fundamental traffic components (the ‘source’ signals), corresponding to the independent traffic dynamics, from the multidimensional time series incoming from the sensors, corresponding to the perceived ‘mixed/aggregate’ effect of traffic on their interfaces. These components will be used to build the baseline traffic profiles needed in the second supervised phase, based on a binary classification scheme (detection is casted into an anomalous/normal classification problem) driven by machine learning‐inferred decision trees. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Oriented Surface Dipole on Photoconversion Efficiency in an Alkane/Lipid‐Hybrid‐Bilayer‐Based Photovoltaic Model System
Authors: Liu Lixia , Xie Hong , Bostic Heidi E. , Jin Limei , Best Michael D. , Zhang X. Peter , Zhan Wei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhen a phospholipid monolayer containing a zinc‐coordinated porphyrin species formed atop a self‐assembled monolayer of heptadecafluoro‐1‐decanethiol (CF3(CF2)7(CH2)2SH) is subjected to photoelectrochemical current generation, a significant modulation effect is observed. Compared with devices that contain similar photoactive lipid monolayers but formed on 1‐dodecanethiol SAMs, these fluorinated hybrid bilayers produce a >60 % increase in cathodic currents and a similar decrease in anodic currents. Photovoltages recorded from these hybrid bilayers are found to vary in the same fashion. The modulation of photovoltaic responses in these hybrid‐bilayer‐based devices is explained by the opposite surface dipoles associated with the thiols employed in this study, which in one case (fluorothiol) increase and in another (alkanethiol) decrease the work function of the underlying gold substrates. A similar trend of photovoltage/photocurrent modulation is also observed if fullerene is used as the photoagent in these devices. Our results reveal the intricacy of orientated surface dipole in influencing the photovoltaic processes, and its subtle interplay with other factors related to the photoagents, such as their location and orientation within the organic matrix.
Enhanced Performance of p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Ultrasmall Mg‐Doped CuCrO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Xiong Dehua , Zhang Wenjun , Zeng Xianwei , Xu Zhen , Chen Wei , Cui Jin , Wang Mingkui , Sun Licheng , Cheng Yi‐Bing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHerein, we present ultrasmall delafossite‐type Mg‐doped CuCrO2 nanocrystals prepared by using hydrothermal synthesis and their first application as photocathodes in efficient p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells. The short‐circuit current density (Jsc) is notably increased by approximately 27 % owing to the decreased crystallite size and the enhanced optical transmittance associated with Mg doping of the CuCrO2 nanocrystalline sample. An open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 201 mV, Jsc of 1.51 mA cm−2, fill factor of 0.449, and overall photoconversion efficiency of 0.132 % have been achieved with the CuCr0.9Mg0.1O2 dye photocathode sensitized with the P1 dye under optimized conditions. This efficiency is nearly three times higher than that of the NiO‐based reference device, which is attributed to the largely improved Voc and Jsc. The augmentation of Voc and Jsc can be attributed to the lower valance band position and the faster hole diffusion coefficient of CuCr0.9Mg0.1O2 compared to those of the NiO reference, respectively, which leads to a higher hole collection efficiency.
Visual attention during neonatal imitation in newborn macaque monkeys
Authors: Simpson Elizabeth A. , Paukner Annika , Suomi Stephen J. , Ferrari Pier F. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious studies suggest that about 50% of rhesus macaque infants engage in neonatal imitation of facial gestures. Here we measured whether individual differences in newborn macaques' (n = 49) visual attention may explain why some infants imitate lipsmacking (LPS) and tongue protrusion (TP) gestures. LPS imitators, but not TP imitators, looked more to a human experimenter's face and to a control stimulus compared to nonimitators (p = .017). LPS imitation was equally accurate when infants were looking at faces and when they were looking away (p = .221); TP imitation was more accurate when infants were looking at faces (p = .001). Potentially, less attention is necessary for LPS imitation compared to TP imitation, as LPS is part of macaques' natural communicative repertoire. These findings suggest that facial gestures may differentially engage imitators and nonimitators, and infants' visual attention during neonatal assessments may uncover the conditions that support this skill. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 864–870, 2014.
Catalytic Transesterifications by a Zn–BisSalen MOF Containing Open Pyridyl Groups Inside 1D Channels
Authors: Kim Wan‐Seok , Lee Kyung Yeon , Ryu Eui‐Hyun , Gu Ja‐Min , Kim Youngmee , Lee Suk Joong , Huh Seong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe new ligand N,N′,N″,N″′‐tetrakis[3‐tert‐butyl‐5‐(4‐pyridinyl)salicylidene]‐1,2,4,5‐benzenetetraamine (bisSalen) containing four pyridyl groups in its periphery was prepared and subsequently used as an organic linker for a Zn–bisSalen MOF. A 2D undulated sheet structure was determined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The bisSalen ligands bridge two ZnII ions, and one of the pyridyl groups on each side of the bisSalen ligand further coordinates to a bisSalen‐coordinated ZnII ion to provide a 2D sheet structure. The undulated 2D sheets are stacked closely together to form a 3D‐like structure containing well‐defined 1D channels, the orientation of which is perpendicular to the 2D sheets. The geometry of the bisSalen in the MOF is not planar. The remaining uncoordinated pyridyl groups point toward the 1D channels. Because of these openly accessible pyridyl groups in the channels, the Zn–bisSalen MOF is a very active catalyst for transesterifications.
Tetrakis(2‐cyanoethoxy)borate – An Alternative to Tetracyanidoborate‐Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Harloff Jörg , Karsch Markus , Lund Henrik , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study examines the synthesis and properties of salts of the new tetrahedral [B(O–C2H4–CN)4]– anion, which can be synthesized by the reaction of tetrahedral NaBH4 and HO–C2H4–CN followed by salt metathesis. The structures of M[B(O–C2H4–CN)4] [M = Na, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (EMIm), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (BMIm), 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium (OMIm), Me4N, Et4N, and Bu4N] as well as the thermal decomposition products are discussed.
Intramolecular Bromoamination of Conjugated N‐Tosylaminodienes Using N‐Bromosuccinimide. Synthesis of Bromoallyl‐Substituted N‐Heterocycles and Their Applications as Building Blocks
Authors: Márquez‐Segovia Isabel , Baeza Alejandro , Otero Antonio , Nájera Carmen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe bromonium‐promoted cyclization of conjugated aminodienes is described. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of N‐bromosuccinimide as halonium promoter, and using N‐tosyl‐protected aminodienes as substrates, to give the corresponding halocyclization products in high yields and with high diastereoselectivities. It can be envisaged that the formation of these products is the result of an SN2′‐type ring‐opening of a terminal bromonium intermediate in a 5‐exo‐trig or 6‐exo‐trig cyclization mode. The presence of an allyl bromide moiety in the haloamination products makes these molecules highly attractive from a synthetic point of view, as it opens the way for further transformations. Thus, allylic substitution reactions with different nucleophiles (acetate, azide, cyanide, and malonate), palladium‐catalysed Suzuki coupling, and silver‐mediated bromine displacement reactions were carried out successfully.
Iron‐Mediated Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Trifluoromethanesulfinate
Authors: Patra Tuhin , Deb Arghya , Manna Srimanta , Sharma Upendra , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA sustainable FeCl3‐mediated method has been developed for the decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids by using NaSO2CF3 as an economic and stable CF3 source. The reaction proceeds under mild condition and tolerates various functional groups. Advantageously, this method does not require an inert atmosphere and proceeds well in air at ambient temperature.
Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of 2‐Bromophosphinine
Authors: Kostenko Nataliya , Ericsson Cecilia , Engqvist Magnus , Gonzalez Susana Villa , Bayer Annette 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new Negishi‐type cross‐coupling of 2‐bromophosphinine has been developed. The new method expands the scope of palladium‐catalyzed couplings to monobromophosphinines, which have been considered as poor substrates so far. Moreover, aryl‐, alkenyl‐, and alkynylzinc bromides were found to be effective coupling partners.
Electroanalysis of Caffeic Acid in Red Wine and Investigation of Thermodynamic Parameters Using an Ag Nanoparticles Modified Poly(Thiophene) Film Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Karabiberoğlu Şükriye Ulubay , Ayan Ebru Mavioglu , Dursun Zekerya 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA silver nanoparticle decorated poly(thiophene) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for determination of caffeic acid. The Ag/PTh/GCE surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The modified electrode has shown higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of caffeic acid. The peak current of was found linear in the concentration range from 1.00×10−8 to 4.83×10−6 M with a detection limit of 5.3×10−9 M (S/N=3). The modified electrode was used for determination of CA concentration in red wine samples. The thermodynamic constants, entropy change (ΔS), enthalpy change (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) were calculated as −166.34 J/(mol K), −154.24 kJ/mol and −104.75 kJ/mol at 25 °C, respectively.
Evaluation of a Compact Differential Cell for Secondary pH Measurements by a Bilateral Interlaboratory Comparison
Authors: Gonzaga Fabiano Barbieri , Dias Júlio Cesar , Jehnert Diana , Werner Barbara , Schräpler Karin , Vyskočil Leoš 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis work presents a new differential potentiometric cell for the standardization of pH buffer solutions and its evaluation, by means of a bilateral interlaboratory comparison, in relation to a traditional Baucke cell. The results obtained with the two cells were exactly the same for three of the pH buffer solutions analyzed (1.68, 4.01, and 6.86) and similar to each other for the remaining buffer solution (9.18). The new cell showed an average measurement time of only 21 minutes, in comparison with one to three hours for other cells described in the literature (including the Baucke cell).
Seismic reliability assessment of classical columns subjected to near‐fault ground motions
Authors: Psycharis Ioannis N. , Fragiadakis Michalis , Stefanou Ioannis 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYA methodology for the performance‐based seismic risk assessment of classical columns is presented. Despite their apparent instability, classical columns are, in general, earthquake resistant, as proven from the fact that many classical monuments have survived many strong earthquakes over the centuries. Nevertheless, the quantitative assessment of their reliability and the understanding of their dynamic behavior are not easy, because of the fundamental nonlinear character and the sensitivity of their response. In this paper, a seismic risk assessment is performed for a multidrum column using Monte Carlo simulation with synthetic ground motions. The ground motions adopted contain a high‐ and low‐frequency component, combining the stochastic method, and a simple analytical pulse model to simulate the directivity pulse contained in near source ground motions. The deterministic model for the numerical analysis of the system is three‐dimensional and is based on the Discrete Element Method. Fragility curves are produced conditional on magnitude and distance from the fault and also on scalar intensity measures for two engineering demand parameters, one concerning the intensity of the response during the ground shaking and the other the residual deformation of the column. Three performance levels are assigned to each engineering demand parameter. Fragility analysis demonstrated some of the salient features of these spinal systems under near‐fault seismic excitations, as for example, their decreased vulnerability for very strong earthquakes of magnitude 7 or larger. The analysis provides useful results regarding the seismic reliability of classical monuments and decision making during restoration process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Experimental Conditions on Reliability of Carbon Tolerance Studies on Ni/YSZ SOFC Anodes Operated with Methane
Authors: Singh A. , Islam S. , Buccheri M. A. , Hill J. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe effect of experimental parameters on carbon accumulation in the Ni/YSZ anode of SOFC operated at 1,073 K with CH4, has been described in this paper. Experimental parameters including sealing of the cell to the cell holder, operating current, surface coverage by current collector paste on the surface of the anode, and the configuration of the current collector were evaluated in terms of carbon accumulation at the Ni/YSZ anode. The carbon accumulation was quantified using temperature‐programmed oxidation and cells were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results suggested that variations in any of these experimental parameters could significantly increase or decrease the amount of carbon accumulation on Ni/YSZ anodes, and hence, the reliability of the carbon tolerance studies. In particular, the higher the air leakage rate, the less carbon that accumulated on equivalent anodes. The extent of surface coverage by current collector paste and the configuration of current collector also impacted the amount of carbon accumulation. Less carbon accumulated directly below and near the areas of current collector paste than on the anode areas directly exposed to CH4 and far from the current collector paste. Additionally, variations in the fuel humidity and current levels also significantly influenced the carbon accumulation.
Zonal phase propagation of ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies: Revisited
Authors: Boucharel Julien , Timmermann Axel , Jin Fei‐Fei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have identified a reversal in the phase propagation characteristics (from westward to eastward propagation) of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the 1976 climate shift. These studies relied on the assumption of a stationary seasonal cycle in Sea Surface Temperature (SST), ignoring the possible effect of ENSO and decadal variability on the seasonal cycle strength. Here we demonstrate using complex empirical orthogonal functions combined with Radon transform methods that mutidecadal amplitude modulations of the seasonal cycle, the semiannual cycle, and the El Niño Modoki mode played an important role in determining the phase propagation characteristics of equatorial SST anomalies in past decades. We find very little evidence for changes in the propagation characteristics of the Cold Tongue ENSO mode.
Response inhibition predicts painful task duration and performance in healthy individuals performing a cold pressor task in a motivational context
Authors: Karsdorp P.A. , Geenen R. , Vlaeyen J.W.S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term avoidance of painful activities has shown to be dysfunctional in chronic pain. Pain may elicit escape or avoidance responses automatically, particularly when pain‐related fear is high. A conflict may arise between opposing short‐term escape/avoidance goals to reduce pain and long‐term approach goals to receive a reward. An inhibitory control system may resolve this conflict. It was hypothesized that reduced response inhibition would be associated with greater escape/avoidance during pain, particularly among subjects with higher pain‐related fear.MethodsResponse inhibition was measured with the stop‐signal task, and pain‐related fear with the Fear of Pain Questionnaire. Participants completed a tone‐detection task (TDT) in which they could earn money while being exposed to cold pressor pain. Escape/avoidance was operationalized as the hand immersion time during a cold pressor task (CPT) and the performance on the TDT.ResultsPoorer response inhibition was associated with shorter CPT immersion duration and with worse TDT performance. Pain after the CPT was associated with pain‐related fear, but not with response inhibition. No supportive evidence was found for the hypothesis that the relation between inhibition and escape/avoidance would be most pronounced for those with higher pain‐related fear. In contrast, the relation between response inhibition and number of hits on the TDT was most pronounced for those with lower pain‐related fear.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that individuals with a stronger ability to inhibit responses in a stop‐signal task are better able to inhibit escape/avoidance responses elicited by pain, in the service of a conflicting approach goal.
Comparing the Interpersonal Behavior of Distressed Couples With and Without Depression
Authors: Knobloch‐Fedders Lynne M. , Knobloch Leanne K. , Durbin C. Emily , Rosen Andrea , Critchfield Kenneth L. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThis study compared the interpersonal behavior of distressed couples with depression in one partner (n = 23) to distressed couples without depression in either partner (n = 38).MethodParticipants (mean age = 44 years old) were recruited at an urban outpatient mental health center. Couples discussed the three best things in their relationship, and their interactions were coded using Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, 1987).ResultsSelf‐ and partner‐focused hostility were associated with actors’ and partners’ relationship distress. Actors’ hostility towards partners was positively associated with partners’ depression status, but negatively associated with partners’ depression symptoms. Actors’ control behavior was positively associated with their relationship distress. Whereas the behavior of depressed individuals did not differ from a control sample of nondepressed individuals, partners of depressed individuals displayed more partner‐focused hostility and submissiveness than controls.ConclusionsResults underscore the importance of considering partner effects when conceptualizing depression within distressed relationships.
The Metacognitions About Desire Thinking Questionnaire: Development and Psychometric Properties
Authors: Caselli Gabriele , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesRecent research has suggested that specific metacognitions may play a role in the activation and escalation of desire thinking and craving. The goal of this research project was to develop the first self‐report instrument of metacognitions about desire thinking.MethodWe conducted three studies with nonclinical samples (N = 213, N = 279, N = 60) to construct the Metacognitions about Desire Thinking Questionnaire (MDTQ) and test its structure and psychometric properties. A fourth study was added to test the predictive validity of MDTQ in a sample of alcohol abusers (N = 75).ResultsExplorative and confirmatory factor analysis supported a 3‐factor solution: positive metacognitions about desire thinking, negative metacognitions about desire thinking, and need to control desire related thoughts. Internal consistency, divergent validity, temporal stability were also examined in a community sample and predictive validity was confirmed even in a sample of alcohol abusers.ConclusionsThe MDTQ was shown to possess good psychometric properties, as well as divergent and predictive validity within the populations that were tested.
AN OLD PARTNERSHIP IN A NEW SETTING: ACP–EU RELATIONS FROM A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pape Elisabeth 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGlobal economic, demographic and geopolitical as well as internal developments since the signature of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement in 2000 have had a profound impact on relations between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group. The paper analyses the process of adaptation in the areas of development cooperation and in the political and security context, reflected in two revisions in 2005 and 2010. It discusses the influence of the Lisbon Treaty on the objective of poverty reduction, and the role of EU values and security concerns. The negotiation of new trading arrangements compatible with the World Trade Organisation triggered a veritable storm in ACP–EU relations. The paper discusses factors, which proved to be major hurdles to the successful and timely conclusion of the Economic Partnership Agreements, as real trade between the two groups saw a reversal of the downward trend and the ACP recovered part of the previously lost market share of ACP goods in total EU imports. The exclusivity of the flagship partnership has started to crumble as the importance of new partners increased both on ACP and EU side. The author maintains that with the Cotonou Partnership Agreement's purpose defined as solely supporting the development of the ACP countries, it is not surprising that it does not count among the strategic partnerships from the EU perspective. Yet, it is too early to predict the future of the ACP–EU relationship beyond 2020, but both the EU and the ACP have an interest in starting off their discussions and negotiations on their future relationship on the right footing. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.