bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les enfants exposés à des « violences et conflits conjugaux ». [Parcours en protection de l'enfance et environnement social et familial]
Authors: Frechon  Isabelle , Marquet Lucy , Séverac Nadège 
Published: November 2013

Children exposed to violence and marital conflict.
Childhoud trajectories between child care services and family.
This article aims to better understand the family and personal situations of children in the care of child services who were exposed to violence or parental conflict. It is based on a study of the life causes of a group of 809 children born in the mid-1980s who were placed at least once in the care of social services after the age of 10. One in five of these children were identified by childhood social services as having been exposed to violence or parental conflict when they were transferred to the care of child services or shortly thereafter. Compared to other children in the care of child services, children exposed to violence or marital conflict are younger when social services first intervene. In addition, they come from very large families with a great number of parental problems (alcoholism, psychological problems, difficult childhoods, prison). Many of these children have been mistreated, and, though attempts to return them to their environment are made in the first few years, these efforts are soon abandoned, and a long and chaotic trajectory ensues.
Vers la Grèce antique. De la nostalgie au deuil
Authors: Ricœur Paul 
Published: November 2013

Reprenant les catégories nietzschéennes d’histoire monumentale, antiquaire et critique, Paul Ricœur analyse la manière dont l’histoire répond à une « demande du présent », demande qui peut se traduire par la nostalgie ou l’oubli. Deux options que Ricœur refuse, plaidant pour un travail de deuil qui ravive les questions contemporaines sur le passé.
Le retour du capital et la dynamique des inégalités
Authors: Piketty Thomas , Béja Alice , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: November 2013

On a pu croire, pendant les Trente Glorieuses, que l’évolution du capitalisme allait vers une réduction des inégalités. Or on constate aujourd’hui que la période de convergence des revenus au xx e siècle n’était qu’une parenthèse ; l’accumulation du patrimoine s’accentue depuis une trentaine d’années, et nous ramène à une situation plus proche de celle du xix e siècle. Comment donc combattre les inégalités avec une croissance structurellement faible ?
Est-ce bien normal d'être normal ?
Authors: Janody Patricia 
Published: November 2013

Selon le discours bureaucratique qui prévaut aujourd’hui jusque dans les lieux psychiatriques, les termes même de « normal » et d’« anormal » sont considérés comme trop saillants, inquiétants, et donc à résorber dans les échelles diagnostiques et les nomenclatures des « dys- ». Il s’agirait que s’étende un règne euphémisé des normes sans plus recourir à des signifiants aussi différenciés. La valeur du symptôme se laisse-t-elle pour autant si facilement annuler ? Ou bien le procédé d’annulation n’infiltrerait-il pas plutôt la langue qui prétend s’en servir ? L’épreuve de la traduction est à cet égard utile. On se référera concrètement à un atelier de traduction, impliquant des cliniciens et des traducteurs entre le shimahoré et le français. On s’arrêtera sur la façon dont les voies de nomination des symptômes rencontrent une zone de non-traduction, dont on interrogera les effets en retour sur les usages « normaux », ou « anormaux », de la langue.
Vers un repérage des types de référentiels de compétences
Authors: Jarnias Sylvie , Oiry Ewan 
Published: November 2013

Comme les autres instruments de gestion, les référentiels de compétences sont assez rarement analysés en tant que tels. Ils sont souvent considérés comme des « donnés » allant de soi. Pourtant, un observateur attentif des pratiques des entreprises dans ce domaine est très rapidement frappé par la diversité des contenus et des formes des référentiels. Ce texte propose des éléments d’explication de cette diversité. Tout en prenant en compte différents facteurs (comme le contexte, l’histoire de l’entreprise, etc.), ce texte souligne que la littérature considère, parfois implicitement, que les référentiels ont pour objectif d’évaluer le travail réalisé par les salariés. En s’appuyant sur des travaux récents, cet article montre que d’autres « philosophies gestionnaires » peuvent pourtant être envisagées pour les référentiels de compétences. En présentant deux études de cas comparatives, cet article montre que ces différences d’objectifs se traduisent concrètement dans la forme et le contenu de ces référentiels de compétences. Finalement, ce texte plaide pour une analyse fine des différences dans les contenus et les formes des référentiels car elles sont le signe de référentiels de compétences qui ont des philosophies gestionnaires, des objectifs et des modes d’utilisation fondamentalement différents.
Le vrai du faux
Authors: Bouilloud Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2013

Le problème de la vérité est souvent sous-jacent dans la question de la croyance, mais elle est centrale dans le cas des faussaires. À partir de l’histoire du faussaire Han Van Meegeren, nous montrons comment les modalités du « faire-croire » du faussaire et de son entourage rencontrent le « désir de croire » des experts et des acheteurs, dans un contexte spécifique. Ici s’élabore une « herméneutique du faussaire » qui rend compte à la fois des modalités du faire-croire (techniques picturales, stylistiques, contextualisation historique), mais aussi du vouloir-croire (œuvre manquante dans une configuration historique singulière, compétition entre les acteurs du marché de l’art) qui vient rencontrer ces techniques pour arriver à une entente sur cette illusion qu’est l’œuvre falsifiée.
Le doute et la croyance
Authors: de Mijolla-Mellor Sophie 
Published: November 2013

Face à la menace du vide de la perte du sens, diverses stratégies se présentent. La première consiste à continuer à croire en fabriquant des « prothèses de certitude », ce qui constitue, dans le domaine tant interpersonnel que social, l’origine de l’état d’aliénation décliné dans ses nombreuses figures. Investir le doute comme unique vérité procède d’un renversement dans le contraire de la position précédente. C’est une position inféconde, celle du nihilisme du désespoir telle qu’on la trouve volontiers à l’adolescence. Si une touche perverse s’y ajoute, on aura la position du cynique qui jouit de la certitude qu’il n’existe pas de certitude et surtout de la conscience de la toute-puissance qu’il éprouve à détruire les certitudes des autres. La fragilité qu’il dénonce, voire démontre, le consolide dans la force inexpugnable de sa position. On s’attache dans ce texte à montrer la fécondité de l’épreuve du doute, paradoxe selon lequel doute et croyance s’unissent par la coïncidence des opposés. Non pas en se complaisant dans une ambivalence obsessionnelle stérile qui ferait tomber tantôt d’un côté tantôt de l’autre mais en acceptant de soumettre la croyance à l’ordalie du doute, afin de pouvoir éventuellement retrouver la force de l’évidence des origines.
La responsabilité de l'administration publique et la constitution polonaise
Authors: Wojtyczek Krzysztof 
Published: November 2013

Résumé	L’analyse de la responsabilité administrative en Pologne doit inclure celle des règles constitutionnelles et, en particulier, de la jurisprudence constitutionnelle intéressant ce thème. De plus, au niveau des lois ordinaires, une distinction peut être opérée entre cinq situations : la responsabilité du fait des règlements illégaux, pour omission d’édicter un règlement, du fait d’une décision administrative individuelle, pour une action de fait ou encore pour abstention de prendre une décision individuelle. Pour chacune de ces situations sont présentés le droit matériel applicable, les organes compétents ainsi que les procédures à suivre et les formalités à accomplir. Le droit polonais révèle que la responsabilité de l’administration s’inscrit dans le cadre plus large et relativement homogène de la responsabilité des pouvoirs publics (y compris législatif et judiciaire). Cette étude aborde la responsabilité de l’administration avant 1997, les termes de la Constitution de 1997 à ce sujet et la mise en œuvre de ces dispositions.
Eliminating Encephalitogenic T Cells without Undermining Protective Immunity
Authors: McNally Jonathan P. , Elfers Eileen E. , Terrell Catherine E. , Grunblatt Eli , Hildeman David A. , Jordan Michael B. , Katz Jonathan D. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The current clinical approach for treating autoimmune diseases is to broadly blunt immune responses as a means of preventing autoimmune pathology. Among the major side effects of this strategy are depressed beneficial immunity and increased rates of infections and tumors. Using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model for human multiple sclerosis, we report a novel alternative approach for purging autoreactive T cells that spares beneficial immunity. The moderate and temporally limited use of etoposide, a topoisomerase inhibitor, to eliminate encephalitogenic T cells significantly reduces the onset and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, dampens cytokine production and overall pathology, while dramatically limiting the off-target effects on naive and memory adaptive immunity. Etoposide-treated mice show no or significantly ameliorated pathology with reduced antigenic spread, yet have normal T cell and T-dependent B cell responses to de novo antigenic challenges as well as unimpaired memory T cell responses to viral rechallenge. Thus, etoposide therapy can selectively ablate effector T cells and limit pathology in an animal model of autoimmunity while sparing protective immune responses. This strategy could lead to novel approaches for the treatment of autoimmune diseases with both enhanced efficacy and decreased treatment-associated morbidities.
Civic Engagement in a Challenging Political Context
Authors: Myntti Cynthia 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This essay uses the experience of one community engagement program at the American University of Beirut (AUB), a prominent private university in Lebanon, to reflect on the value and challenges of civic engagement in a non-Western context. It describes the Lebanese sectarian political system, provides an overview of the AUB Neighborhood Initiative, and comments on the unique role universities can play in the making of citizens in such a context. Contributing to practical problem-solving outside the walls of the university is the first important step in this process.
Preparing Students for Democratic Life
Authors: Melville Keith , Dedrick John , Gish Elizabeth 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This essay explores why, despite repeated affirmations of the importance of civic education in undergraduate education, preparing students to understand and play an active role in democratic life is, for the most part, a marginal and episodic part of the undergraduate experience. After describing various factors that have contributed to its marginal status, we examine emerging understandings of how civic education can be done effectively. In the essay's final section, we describe the main features of the civic curriculum we are developing and how it can be used to develop the ideals and practices of education for democratic life.
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of …
Authors: Eberly Rosa A. , Serber Brad 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
With the hope of inspiring readers to reimagine the centrality of general education in constituting young adult capacities to create and sustain collective self-governance, this essay describes two courses and one activity built around public problems. General education viewed as a human right as well as a shared responsibility can thus serve as a college-level introduction to the habits and pleasures of lifelong collaborative learning, illustrating education's centrality in constituting the future of participatory democracy.
Comment on “Annual cycles of ecological disturbance and recovery underlying the subarctic Atlantic spring plankton bloom”
Authors: Chiswell Stephen M. 
Published: November 2013

Key Points

The Dilution‐Recoupling Theory (DRT) computes biomass accumulation rates from depth‐integrated biomass in autumn and winter but from surface concentration in spring
This formulation is valid during autumn and winter. Hence the DRT provides a useful explanation of winter ecosystem functioning
This formulation is invalid during spring. As a consequence, the DRT does not provide an explanation for the evolution of the spring bloom.
A modified moist potential vorticity, its properties, and application
Authors: Peng Jun , Zhang Lifeng , Zhang Yun , Zhu Juan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA modified moist potential vorticity (MMPV) and its tendency equation are derived in terms of modified potential temperature and the specific volume of dry air. MMPV holds not only the simplicity of virtual potential vorticity but also the conservation, impermeability, and invertibility principles of potential vorticity under certain conditions. More importantly, the effects of various nonconservative processes are explicitly included in its tendency equation. It can be seen from the MMPV tendency equation that contributions of moist species (water vapor and hydrometeors) to moist potential vorticity anomalies are twofolds: (i) the latent heating and the mass forcing of water vapor associated with moist microphysical processes and (ii) the solenoidal terms associated with the nonuniform distribution of moist species. Thus, we believe that it will be convenient to use MMPV in investigating the impact of diabatic processes and moist species gradients on the evolution of weather systems. A case study indicates that the MMPV does show strong signals aligned with the horizontal distribution of precipitation, suggesting its potential use as an accurate diagnostic variable. Since the MMPV tendency equation is derived from fully compressible and nonhydrostatic moist atmosphere system, the MMPV will also be a valid tool for evaluating and improving mesoscale numerical models such as the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting model.
Impact of the November/December Arctic Oscillation on the following January temperature in East Asia
Authors: He Shengping , Wang Huijun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the impacts of the preceding Arctic Oscillation (AO) on winter East Asian temperature (TEA) and the possible mechanisms. It was found that the correlation of the November AO (Nov AO) with the following January TEA is more significant than that with the following December and February TEA. Moreover, the January TEA is also closely related to the preceding December AO (Dec AO). Further analysis revealed that a Rossby wave associated with the Nov AO is confined to high latitudes in December but shifts southeastward to East Asia in January. Similarly, the Dec AO‐related wave activities propagating southeastward to East Asia could persist into the following January. Consequently, the signals of the Nov/Dec AO could be transmitted to the following January. Besides, an air‐sea interaction might exist over the North Pacific (NP). The sea surface temperature (SST) over the central subtropical NP (west coast of North America) often rapidly rises (drops) a month later and peaks in the following January when the preceding Nov/Dec AO is in positive phase, causing horseshoe SST anomalies (SSTAs) to form in the NP, with positive SSTAs located in the central subtropical NP and surrounded by negative ones. Such a horseshoe SSTA could lead to a strengthening of the air temperature gradient in the north and a weakening in the south due to effective turbulent mixing in the boundary layer. A huge anomalous anticyclone therefore emerges in the NP and favors a weaker East Asian winter monsoon. Warmer January TEA is eventually generated.
ALDH2 is associated to alcohol dependence and is the major genetic determinant of “daily maximum drinks” in a GWAS study of an isolated rural chinese sample
Authors: Quillen Ellen E. , Chen Xiang‐Ding , Almasy Laura , Yang Fang , He Hao , Li Xi , Wang Xu‐Yi , Liu Tie‐Qiao , Hao Wei , Deng Hong‐Wen , Kranzler Henry R. , Gelernter Joel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlcohol dependence (AD) is a moderately heritable phenotype with a small number of known risk genes mapped via linkage or candidate gene studies. We considered 313 males from among 595 members of documented, extended pedigrees in which AD segregates collected in Northern Hunan Province, China. A joint analysis of both males and females could not be performed as the difference in alcohol consumption variance was too large. Genome‐wide association analyses were performed for approximately 300,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Significant associations found in the ALDH2 region for AD (minimum P = 4.73 × 10−8) and two AD‐related phenotypes: flushing response (minimum P = 4.75 × 10−26) and maximum drinks in a 24‐hr period (minimum P = 1.54 × 10−16). Association of previous candidate SNP, rs10774610 in CCDC63, was confirmed but resulted from linkage disequilibrium with ALDH2. ALDH2 is strongly associated with flushing response, AD, and maximum drinks in males, with nonsynonymous SNP rs671 explaining 29.2%, 7.9%, and 22.9% of phenotypic variation, respectively, in this sample. When rs671 was considered as a candidate SNP in females, it explained 23.6% of the variation in flushing response, but alcohol consumption rates were too low among females—despite familial enrichment for AD—for an adequate test of association for either AD or maximum drinks. These results support a mediating effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency on alcohol consumption in males and a secondary, culturally mediated limitation on alcohol consumption by females that should be appropriately modeled in future studies of alcohol consumption in populations where this may be a factor. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of energetic and psychosocial stressors on glucocorticoids in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
Authors: Gómez‐Espinosa Erendira , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna , Chavira Roberto , Canales‐Espinosa Domingo , Dias Pedro Américo D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe proximate causes of variation in glucocorticoids (GCs) of many free‐ranging primates are still unclear, and in some cases, the available evidence is contradictory. Such is the case of mantled howler monkeys. In the present study, we tested whether variation in GC levels in this species could be predicted by energetic challenges or by psychosocial stressors. We focused on two groups living in Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, Mexico) that differed in a number of parameters including: group size, habitat size, number of groups, and solitary males within the same habitat. Furthermore, one of the groups experienced changes in composition during our observations. From March to December 2009 we determined food availability in each group's habitat, studied the behavior of all adult individuals (N = 17), including, feeding, time budgets, ranging, and social interactions (N = 426.6 h), and measured weekly GCs in fecal samples (N = 160 individual/weeks) of both females and males. We found that participation in agonistic interactions, which were more frequent in the group that lived in the smaller habitat, was associated with increased weekly GCs, particularly in pregnant and lactating females. During the dry season weekly GCs were also higher in the group that lived in the smaller habitat. Although in this group individuals significantly increased travel time during the dry season, weekly GC levels were unrelated to time‐budgets or ranging distances, contrasting with previous findings on mantled howler monkeys' GC response. We found no evidence that weekly variation in GC levels between groups resulted from differences in food availability. Our results indicate that mantled howler monkey GC levels respond to the effects of agonism, reproductive state, and the influence of a seasonal stressor, which may be attributable to anthropogenic disturbance. We conclude that psychosocial stressors affect the GC response of mantled howler monkeys, and that this response is modulated by reproductive state. Am. J. Primatol. 76:362–373, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frontiers in Rotational Spectroscopy: Shapes and Tunneling Dynamics of the Four Conformers of the Acrylic Acid—Difluoroacetic Acid Adduct
Authors: Feng Gang , Gou Qian , Evangelisti Luca , Caminati Walther 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe rotational spectra of four conformers of the acrylic acid—difluoroacetic acid adduct (CH2=CHCOOH–CHF2COOH, AA‐DFA) are reported and information on their internal dynamics is supplied. This represents an unprecedented result for the conformational analysis, with microwave spectroscopy, of such a heavy molecular adduct.
Synthese eines DNA‐Promotorsegments mit allen vier epigenetischen Nukleosiden: 5‐Methyl‐, 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐, 5‐Formyl‐ und 5‐Carboxy‐2′‐Desoxycytidin
Authors: Schröder Arne S. , Steinbacher Jessica , Steigenberger Barbara , Gnerlich Felix A. , Schiesser Stefan , Pfaffeneder Toni , Carell Thomas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEin 5‐Formyl‐2′‐desoxycytidin(fdC)‐Phosphoramidit‐Baustein wurde entwickelt, der die Synthese fdC‐haltiger DNA in ausgezeichneter Reinheit und Ausbeute ermöglicht. In Kombination mit Phosphoramiditen für 5‐Methyl‐dC, 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐dC und 5‐Carboxy‐dC gelang die Herstellung eines Segments des OCT4‐Promotors, das alle vier epigenetischen Basen enthält. Aufgrund des großen Interesses an diesen neuen epigenetischen Basen sollte die Fähigkeit, alle vier von ihnen in DNA einzubringen, von besonderer Bedeutung sein.
Magnetogenesis in Water Induced by a Chemical Analyte
Authors: Hasserodt Jens , Kolanowski Jacek Lukasz , Touti Faycal 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis Minireview aims to shed light on the emergent field of inducing a change in the magnetic properties of a solution‐phase sample by exposing it to a chemical analyte. A considerable body of knowledge exists on materials that alter their magnetic characteristics after a change in the surrounding physical conditions and a number of cases even exist of solution‐phase samples that do so under these same circumstances. However, examples of dissolved molecules or particles that react in this fashion under constant conditions and in response to an analyte are limited. Although some cases in organic solvents are discussed, the emphasis of this Minireview is on water. Our aim is to provide the reader with guidelines for designing new magnetogenic probes for the detection of the desired chemical analyte.
Highly Efficient CH Hydroxylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Oxygen under Mild Conditions
Authors: Liang Yu‐Feng , Jiao Ning 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free Cs2CO3‐catalyzed α‐hydroxylation of carbonyl compounds with O2 as the oxygen source is described. This reaction provides an efficient approach to tertiary α‐hydroxycarbonyl compounds, which are highly valued chemicals and widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. The simple conditions and the use of molecular oxygen as both the oxidant and the oxygen source make this protocol very environmentally friendly and practical. This transformation is highly efficient and highly selective for tertiary C(sp3)H bond cleavage.
Visible‐Light Sensitization of Vinyl Azides by Transition‐Metal Photocatalysis
Authors: Farney Elliot P. , Yoon Tehshik P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIrradiation of vinyl and aryl azides with visible light in the presence of Ru photocatalysts results in the formation of reactive nitrenes, which can undergo a variety of CN bond‐forming reactions. The ability to use low‐energy visible light instead of UV in the photochemical activation of azides avoids competitive photodecomposition processes that have long been a significant limitation on the synthetic use of these reactions.