bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Disorders and Their Association With Disability Among Internally Displaced Persons and Returnees in Georgia
Authors: Makhashvili Nino , Chikovani Ivdity , McKee Martin , Bisson Jonathan , Patel Vikram , Roberts Bayard 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere remains limited evidence on comorbidity of mental disorders among conflict‐affected civilians, particularly internally displaced persons (IDPs) and former IDPs who have returned to their home areas (returnees). The study aim was to compare patterns of mental disorders and their influence on disability between IDPs and returnees in the Republic of Georgia. A cross‐sectional household survey was conducted with adult IDPs from the conflicts in the 1990s, the 2008 conflict, and returnees. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and disability were measured using cut scores on Trauma Screening Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7, and the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Among the 3,025 respondents, the probable prevalence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and comorbidity (>1 condition) was 23.3%, 14.0%, 10.4%, 12.4%, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficients (p < .001) were .40 (PTSD with depression), .38 (PTSD with anxiety), and .52 (depression with anxiety). Characteristics associated with mental disorders in regression analyses included displacement (particularly longer‐term), cumulative trauma exposure, female gender, older age, poor community conditions, and bad household economic situation; coefficients ranged from 1.50 to 3.79. PTSD, depression, anxiety, and comorbidity were associated with increases in disability of 6.4%, 9.7%, 6.3%, and 15.9%, respectively. A high burden of psychiatric symptoms and disability persist among conflict‐affected persons in Georgia.
Social Anxiety Disorder Is Associated With PTSD Symptom Presentation: An Exploratory Study Within A Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: McMillan Katherine A. , Sareen Jitender , Asmundson Gordon J. G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) demonstrate a high degree of comorbidity (ranging from 14.8% to 46.0%); however, little is known about the nature of this association. Contemporary research has largely focused on treatment‐seeking or veteran samples, and may not generalize to the population as a whole. Large‐scale epidemiological studies are needed to fill existing gaps in the literature and to clarify this association for the general population. The current study examined whether the presence of comorbid SAD influenced PTSD symptom presentation. The rate of individual PTSD symptoms was investigated among individuals with PTSD and SAD in comparison to those with PTSD alone. Data were obtained from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions, a large, nationally representative survey of American adults (n = 34,653). Analyses revealed elevated rates of PTSD symptoms among those with comorbid PTSD and SAD across all symptom clusters, with significant odds ratios ranging from 1.5 to 4.87. Adjusting for depression and other Axis I disorders did not substantially alter study findings. Results suggest that the presence of SAD is associated with differences in the expression of PTSD symptoms.
Associations Between Functioning and PTSD Symptom Clusters in a Dismantling Trial of Cognitive Processing Therapy in Female Interpersonal Violence Survivors
Authors: Shnaider Philippe , Vorstenbosch Valerie , Macdonald Alexandra , Wells Stephanie Y. , Monson Candice M. , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study conducted secondary analyses of a published trial and sought to determine if different domains of psychosocial functioning (e.g., daily living, work, nonfamily relationships) improved following trauma‐focused treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive processing therapy (CPT), an empirically supported treatment that involves evaluating trauma‐related beliefs and written trauma accounts, was compared to its components: CPT without the written accounts or written accounts only in a sample of 78 women with PTSD secondary to interpersonal violence. Overall and individual domains of functioning significantly improved with treatment and results were similar across treatment groups, Fs (2, 150) ≥ 11.87, ps < .001. Additionally, we investigated whether changes in different PTSD symptom clusters were associated with outcomes in domains of psychosocial functioning, after collapsing across treatment condition. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that overall clinician‐assessed PTSD symptom reduction was associated with outcomes in all domains of functioning, βs = .44 to .68, ps < .001. Additionally, improvements in the emotional numbing symptom cluster were associated with outcomes in the nonfamily relationships domain, β = .42, p < .001, and improvements in the hyperarousal symptom cluster were associated with outcomes in the overall, daily living, and household tasks domains, βs = .34 to .39, ps < .01. Results suggest that it may be important to monitor improvements in emotional numbing and hyperarousal symptoms throughout treatment to increase the likelihood of changes in psychosocial functioning.
Fast iterative algorithm for the reconstruction of multishot non‐cartesian diffusion data
Authors: Mani Merry , Jacob Mathews , Magnotta Vincent , Zhong Jianhui 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo accelerate the motion‐compensated iterative reconstruction of multishot non‐Cartesian diffusion data.MethodThe motion‐compensated recovery of multishot non‐Cartesian diffusion data is often performed using a modified iterative sensitivity‐encoded algorithm. Specifically, the encoding matrix is replaced with a combination of nonuniform Fourier transforms and composite sensitivity functions, which account for the motion‐induced phase errors. The main challenge with this scheme is the significantly increased computational complexity, which is directly related to the total number of composite sensitivity functions (number of shots × number of coils). The dimensionality of the composite sensitivity functions and hence the number of Fourier transforms within each iteration is reduced using a principal component analysis‐based scheme. Using a Toeplitz‐based conjugate gradient approach in combination with an augmented Lagrangian optimization scheme, a fast algorithm is proposed for the sparse recovery of diffusion data.ResultsThe proposed simplifications considerably reduce the computation time, especially in the recovery of diffusion data from under‐sampled reconstructions using sparse optimization. By choosing appropriate number of basis functions to approximate the composite sensitivities, faster reconstruction (close to 9 times) with effective motion compensation is achieved.ConclusionThe proposed enhancements can offer fast motion‐compensated reconstruction of multishot diffusion data for arbitrary k‐space trajectories. Magn Reson Med 74:1086–1094, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symptom Distress Profiles in Hospitalized Patients in Sweden: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Henoch Ingela , Sawatzky Richard , Falk Hanna , Fridh Isabell , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Sarenmalm Elisabeth Kenne , Ozanne Anneli , Öhlén Joakim , Falk Kristin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSymptom distress profiles of patients with a variety of diagnoses at two hospitals in Sweden were examined using a point‐prevalence cross‐sectional survey design. The sample included 710 patients present on internal medicine, surgery, geriatric, and oncology acute care hospital wards of each hospital on a single day. Symptom distress data were collected via structured interviews using a 0–10 numeric rating scale (NRS). Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom, experienced by 76.2% of the patients, followed by pain (65.2%) and sleeping difficulties (52.8%). Symptoms were fairly distressing (median NRS 5–6). Patients experiencing high distress from fatigue and pain were more likely to be female, living alone, and to have more symptoms. Latent class analysis revealed three symptom distress profiles that differed with respect to the degree of distress and number of symptoms. The profiles were not substantially differentiated by diagnoses. Symptom distress needs to be assessed and treated on an individual basis, rather than predicting distress levels based on diagnosis alone. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increase in visceral fat per se does not induce insulin resistance in the canine model
Authors: Castro Ana V.B. , Woolcott Orison O. , Iyer Malini S. , Kabir Morvarid , Ionut Viorica , Stefanovski Darko , Kolka Cathryn M. , Szczepaniak Lidia S. , Szczepaniak Edward W. , Asare‐Bediako Isaac , Paszkiewicz Rebecca L. , Broussard Josiane L. , Kim Stella P. , Kirkman Erlinda L. , Rios Hernan C. , Mkrtchyan Hasmik , Wu Qiang , Ader Marilyn , Bergman Richard N. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether a selective increase of visceral adipose tissue content will result in insulin resistance.MethodsSympathetic denervation of the omental fat was performed under general inhalant anesthesia by injecting 6‐hydroxydopamine in the omental fat of lean mongrel dogs (n = 11). In the conscious animal, whole‐body insulin sensitivity was assessed by the minimal model (SI) and the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp (SICLAMP). Changes in abdominal fat were monitored by magnetic resonance. All assessments were determined before (Wk0) and 2 weeks (Wk2) after denervation. Data are medians (upper and lower interquartile).ResultsDenervation of omental fat resulted in increased percentage (and content) of visceral fat [Wk0: 10.2% (8.5‐11.4); Wk2: 12.4% (10.4‐13.6); P < 0.01]. Abdominal subcutaneous fat remained unchanged. However, no changes were found in SI [Wk0: 4.7 (mU/l)−1 min−1 (3.1‐8.8); Wk2: 5.3 (mU/l)−1 min−1 (4.5‐7.2); P = 0.59] or SICLAMP [Wk0: 42.0 × 10−4 dl kg−1 min−1 (mU/l)−1 (41.0‐51.0); Wk2: 40.0 × 10−4 dl kg−1 min−1 (mU/l) −1 (34.0‐52.0); P = 0.67].ConclusionsDespite a selective increase in visceral adiposity in dogs, insulin sensitivity in vivo did not change, which argues against the concept that accumulation of visceral adipose tissue contributes to insulin resistance.
Elevated secreted frizzled‐related protein 4 in obesity: A potential role in adipose tissue dysfunction
Authors: Garufi Gabriella , Seyhan Attila A. , Pasarica Magdalena 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesRarefaction and inflammation of adipose tissue contributes to insulin resistance in obesity. It was hypothesized that angiostatic secreted frizzled‐related protein 4 (SFRP4) causes adipose tissue rarefaction and leads to inflammation and ultimately insulin resistance in obese patients.MethodsAbdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (AbdAT), gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (GlutAT), and blood from 15 lean and obese subjects were collected. Circulating‐SFRP4 was measured by ELISA. Body composition was measured by DEXA and insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. Adipose tissue was analyzed using qRT‐PCR for mRNA gene expression, Luminex system for tissue cytokine release, immunohistochemistry for labeling adipose capillaries, and osmium fixation and Coulter counting for adipocyte sizing.ResultsCirculating‐SFRP4 was higher in obese vs. lean subjects (137.8 ± 33.6 ng ml−1 vs. 64.1 ± 23.8 ng ml−1, P < 0.05). Circulating‐SFRP4 significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with body fat percentage (R = 0.07), body mass index (R = 0.07), insulin sensitivity (R = −0.66). Circulating‐SFRP4 correlated with AbdAT‐VEGF (R = −0.67, P < 0.05), AbdAT‐capillary density (R = −0.65, P < 0.05), secreted‐MIP1α (R = 0.74), and AbdAT‐SFRP4 mRNA (R = 0.60). AbdAT‐SFRP4 mRNA significantly correlated with AbdAT‐capillary density (R = 0.71, P < 0.05), but not with AbdAT mean adipocyte size. There was no difference between AbdAT‐SFRP4 and GlutAT‐SFRP4 mRNA. Interestingly, GlutAT‐SFRP4 correlated with AbdAT mean adipocyte size (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results suggested that AbdAT is a major contributor for circulating‐SFRP4 and that SFRP4 has an important role in obese adipose tissue pathophysiology.
Treatment and outcomes of immune cytopenias following solid organ transplant in children
Authors: Schoettler Michelle , Elisofon Scott A. , Kim Heung Bae , Blume Elizabeth D. , Rodig Nancy , Boyer Debra , Neufeld Ellis J. , Grace Rachael F. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundImmune cytopenias are a recognized life‐threatening complication following pediatric solid organ transplants (SOT), but treatment responses and overall outcome are not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, response to treatments, and outcomes of a cohort of patients who developed immune cytopenias following SOT.ProcedureIn this single center retrospective review, patients with immune cytopenias after SOT were identified by electronic medical record (EMR) search and transplant databases from 1995–2012.ResultsOf 764 SOT patients, 19 (2.4%) developed immune cytopenias. Incidence varied widely by transplant type from 1.2% (renal) to 23.5% (multivisceral). Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was the most common immune cytopenia. Overall median time from transplant to immune cytopenia was 8 m and varied by transplant type from 3 m (liver) to 74 m (heart). Standard therapies for immune cytopenias were often used and ineffective. The most effective therapy for the immune cytopenia was changing immunosuppression from tacrolimus to another agent. Three of 19 patients died; none directly attributed to the immune cytopenia.ConclusionsImmune cytopenias are not rare after SOT, and patients usually do not respond well to traditional first line therapies. Provided that the risk of organ rejection is otherwise manageable, temporary cessation of tacrolimus could be more widely explored in this challenging clinical context. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:214–218. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of continuous and twice‐daily infusions of cyclosporine A for graft‐versus‐host‐disease prophylaxis in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Adachi Souichi , Tanaka Shiro , Ogawa Atsushi , Hatakeyama Naoki , Kudo Kazuko , Sakata Naoki , Igarashi Shunji , Ohshima Kumi , Hyakuna Nobuyuki , Chin Motoaki , Goto Hiroaki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Azuma Eiichi , Koh Katsuyoshi , Sawada Akihisa , Kato Koji , Inoue Masami , Atsuta Yoshiko , Takami Akiyoshi , Murata Makoto ,   on behalf of the GVHD Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Published: October 2014

BackgroundCyclosporine A (CsA) is used widely for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); however, the optimal schedule of its administration has not been established. Although comparative studies of adult patients undergoing HSCT have demonstrated enhanced efficacy and safety of twice‐daily infusion (TD) compared with continuous infusion (CIF) of CsA, to our knowledge, similar studies have not yet been performed in pediatric groups.ProcedureA self‐administered questionnaire was used to retrospectively compare the clinical outcome and incidence of CsA‐associated adverse events of 70 pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia patients who were receiving CsA by TD (n = 36) or CIF (n = 34) as GVHD prophylaxis for their first allogeneic HSCT.ResultsThe cumulative incidences of grade II–IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD, as well as the overall survival and event‐free survival rates, did not differ significantly between the TD and CIF groups; however, the incidence of severe hypertension was significantly higher in the CIF group than the TD group.ConclusionsThe analysis presented here indicates that TD and CIF administration of CsA have similar prophylactic effect on pediatric GVHD and suggest that TD is associated with a lower rate of toxicity than CIF in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:291–298. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Humanism and professionalism education for pediatric hematology‐oncology fellows: A model for pediatric subspecialty training
Authors: Kesselheim Jennifer C. , Atlas Mark , Adams Denise , Aygun Banu , Barfield Ray , Eisenman Kristen , Fulbright Joy , Garvey Katharine , Kersun Leslie , Nageswara Rao Amulya , Reilly Anne , Sharma Mukta , Shereck Evan , Wang Michael , Watt Tanya , Leavey Patrick 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundHumanism and professionalism are virtues intrinsic to the practice of medicine, for which we lack a standard, evidence‐based approach for teaching and evaluation. Pediatric hematology‐oncology (PHO) fellowship training brings new and significant stressors, making it an attractive setting for innovation in humanism and professionalism training.ProcedureWe electronically surveyed a national sample of PHO fellows to identify fellows' educational needs in humanism and professionalism. Next, we developed a case‐based, faculty‐facilitated discussion curriculum to teach this content within pilot fellowship programs. We assessed whether fellowships would decide to offer the curriculum, feasibility of administering the curriculum, and satisfaction of fellow and faculty participants.ResultsSurveys were completed by 187 fellows (35%). A minority (29%) reported that their training program offers a formal curriculum in humanism and/or professionalism. A majority desires more formal teaching on balancing clinical practice and research (85%), coping with death/dying (85%), bereavement (78%), balancing work and personal life (75%), navigating challenging relationships with patients (74%), and depression/burn out (71%). These six topics were condensed into four case‐based modules, which proved feasible to deliver at all pilot sites. Ten fellowship programs agreed to administer the novel curriculum. The majority (90%) of responding fellows and faculty reported the sessions touched on issues important for training, stimulated reflective communication, and were valuable.ConclusionsPediatric hematology‐oncology fellows identify numerous gaps in their training related to humanism and professionalism. This curriculum offers an opportunity to systematically address these educational needs and can serve as a model for wider implementation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:335–340. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating diabetes integrated care pathways
Authors: Grant Paul , Chika‐Ezerioha Ifyunaya 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe delivery of chronic disease care within new models of integration is an increasing reality. Currently, there is no clear evidence that community or tiered systems of care delivery are superior to existing diabetes services in terms of hard outcomes; however, it is apparent that they offer other potential benefits that can enhance the system of care. Examples include better communication between primary and secondary care, shared IT to enable clearer care planning and greater user satisfaction.Integrated care pathways (ICPs) are tools designed to ensure that the system of care is functioning and incorporates all the relevant factors necessary for good care, and that evaluation of the system itself can be reviewed – as a form of performance management. This article looks at how in practice we can monitor, measure and learn from ICPs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations on age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and family history in a small population: the Winchester cohort
Authors: Brooks AP , Li Voon Chong JSW 
Published: October 2014

AbstractClinical and demographic data from the records of 694 white Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes attending a secondary care diabetes clinic between 1983 and 2010 have been audited to give information on age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and frequency of a family history of diabetes in their first degree relatives over five chronological decades between 1961 and 2010.All patients in the cohort lived in 12 postcode areas (six urban and six rural) in west Hampshire, and, although ascertainment is thought to be at least 90%, the exact at‐risk populations are not accurately known, so no incidence nor prevalence figures can be given.Mean age at diagnosis rose from 18.5 years in the decade 1961–70 to 26.7 years in 1991–2000, falling again to 21.9 in 2001–10. The ranges of ages at diagnosis were 0.7–53.5 years in the decade 1961–70, and 0.7–73.1 in the decade 1991–2000. Sixty‐three of the 694 patients (9.1%) were diagnosed over the age of 45 years. This is important in the initial management of people presenting with new‐onset diabetes at any age and for screening programmes to consider. Eighty‐eight patients had a first degree relative with diagnosed diabetes, giving an overall risk of 1 in 8 (12.7%). Possible genetic mechanisms operating in this group, and their investigation, are put forward on a hypothetical basis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple method for introducing care planning into specialist diabetes clinics. The WICKED project
Authors: Gillani SMR , Singh BM 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDiabetes care planning is a systematic way of establishing a partnership between people with diabetes and health care services. We piloted a systematic patient‐driven care planning consultation process in our routine specialist diabetes clinics.A document based on all key care processes was given to and completed by patients prior to their consultation. The completed document was used to structure the clinic consultation. Patient and doctor outcomes were assessed by post consultation questionnaires.Of 148 patients, 101 responded; 55 male, age 60 ± 12 years, duration of diabetes 12 ± 9 years, 67 on insulin, 3 new and 98 review patients; 63% were Caucasian, 14% Asian, 4% Afro Caribbean and 19% unknown ethnicity. In global assessment by patients, the process scored ‘good’ or ‘very good’ in 80%, as it did in the other more specific domains (n = 7). Among doctors, 10 of 12 rated the structured patient‐driven consultation process good or very good, reporting increased patient engagement, shared decision making and communication; they felt it was more time consuming though worthwhile. Crucially, it increased insight into patients’ needs.In patient‐centric consultations: patients did use the opportunity to assess, categorise and prioritise their health concerns with a high degree of satisfaction; health professionals found that of benefit; this was implementable within busy routine specialist diabetes clinics. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CHILD‐CENTERED PLAY THERAPY IN THE SCHOOLS: REVIEW AND META‐ANALYSIS
Authors: Ray Dee C. , Armstrong Stephen A. , Balkin Richard S. , Jayne Kimberly M. 
Published: October 2014

The authors conducted a meta‐analysis and systematic review that examined 23 studies evaluating the effectiveness of child centered play therapy (CCPT) conducted in elementary schools. Meta‐analysis results were explored using a random effects model for mean difference and mean gain effect size estimates. Results revealed statistically significant effects for outcome constructs, including externalizing problems (d = 0.34), internalizing problems (d = 0.21), total problems (d = 0.34), self‐efficacy (d = 0.29), academic (d = 0.36), and other behaviors (d = 0.38). Further, a systematic review was conducted on all studies compared with Outcome Research Coding Protocol criteria. Results indicated that CCPT studies provided quantitative support and qualitatively promising to strong evidence in support of its use in the schools.
Cycle packing
Authors: Conlon David , Fox Jacob , Sudakov Benny 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the 1960s, Erdős and Gallai conjectured that the edge set of every graph on n vertices can be partitioned into O(n) cycles and edges. They observed that one can easily get an O(nlogn) upper bound by repeatedly removing the edges of the longest cycle. We make the first progress on this problem, showing that O(nloglogn) cycles and edges suffice. We also prove the Erdős‐Gallai conjecture for random graphs and for graphs with linear minimum degree. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 608–626, 2014