bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Takreer's Integration with Other Operating Companies - Value Maximization Through Synergy
Authors: Al Hamed Omar 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to showcase the strategic integration of TAKREER Ruwais Refinery within its existing Ruwais Refinery - East (RR-East), Ruwais Refinery Expansion - West (RR-West), upcoming CB&DC (Carbon Black & Delayed Coker project) facilities and also with other operating companies (OPCOs). The paper highlights how this integration enhances synergy amongst all OPCOs which leads to overall reduction in capital costs, GRM maximization, Energy Optimization and therefore leading to value maximization.
TAKREER'S project team judiciously conducted detailed technical and economic feasibility studies to ensure refinery configuration and its integration within TAKREER and with other OPCOs not only meet TAKREER's vision in becoming a World Class diversified Refining Complex but also realize the overall objective of ADNOC group of companies.
High Benzene Reformate streams from RR (East) and ADRD (TAKREER Abu Dhabi Refinery) are upgraded in RR(West)'s Bensat unit to produce Low Benzene Reformate. LPG from RR (East) & RR (West) is processed in RR (West) to maximize High octane Alkylate production replacing hazardous MTBE.
TAKREER'S CB&DC project would convert low valuable heavy bottom of the barrel feedstocks like Slurry oil from RR (West) & Vacuum Residue from RR (East) into high valuable specialized products i.e., Anode grade Coke, Carbon black, etc while ensuring Zero Fuel Oil generation from the Refinery.
Crude oil is sourced from ADCO and Natural Gas used as fuel is sourced from GASCO. Utilities i.e., Steam and water are produced as captive from within, power is sourced from TRANSCO. Nitrogen is sourced from ELIXIER. TAKREER's main product i.e. High valuable Polymer Grade Propylene product is exported to BOROUGE as feedstock to BOROUGE's Polypropylene units. TAKREER's upcoming state of the art Propane De-Hydrogenation Unit would not only utilize Propane & LPG streams from RR (West) & RR (East) but also use Propane stream from GASCO to produce Propylene. Similarly, Carbon Black product would be exported to BOROUGE. Liquid Sulphur product and LPG is sent to GASCO. To minimize loss of products or minimize downtime within TAKREER as well as across OPCOs, facilities are available for mutual sharing of streams like Hydrogen, Ethane Rich Gas and Butane streams can be shared within TAKREER'S RRE, RRD & CB&DC facilities.
Ethylene recovery and conversion of Ethylene & C4s into Propylene is an innovative and unconventional approach to increase Propylene production. TAKREER’ s upcoming PDH unit is the world's first facility in the world to be installed within Refinery complex. Similarly Carbon Black production from low value low-value Slurry oil is another novel idea towards strategic integration with other OPCOs.
Thus strategically integrated facilities contribute to overall reduction of capital costs and improves Operating margin thereby leading to increase in profitability.
Fracture Orientation and Fluid Saturation of a Cavernous-Fractured Reservoir Via Imaging of the Scattering Energy
Authors: Cheverda Vladimir , Lisitsa Vadim , Merzlikina Anastasia , Reshetova Galina , Shilikov Valery 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We have developed justified, verified and implemented for supercomputers with parallel architecture the reliable instrument for the studying complicated processes of waves’ propagation in realistic 3D heterogeneous multiscale models of geological media - the special finite-difference method with local mesh refinement in time and space. On this base, it becomes possible to deal with realistic models and acquisitions and take into account both small-scale heterogeneities of a reservoir and mesoscale variations in overburden. This software was applied for simulation of seismic waves’ propagation through realistic synthetic models developed for some East Siberian oil field. We have found that orientation of fracture corridors and fluid saturation of reservoir microstructure has very specific impact in synthetic images of scattered waves, which can be used to develop predictive criteria in real life data processing and interpretation. These criteria are verified by comparison of predictions with well log data (fracture orientation) and permeability (fluid saturation) of a collector by test results.
The Role of Production Logging in Optimizing Unconventional Shale Gas Stimulation in Middle East
Authors: Bartko Kirk , Kurdi Mohammed , Zaouali Zouhir , Zeybek Murat 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Most unconventional shale gas reservoirs are being produced through a series of hydraulically fractured stages distributed across horizontal wells. Different fracturing techniques are being used to maximize well performance in a most feasible manner. Some techniques may economically present more advantages than others.
The study outlines a workflow on how to select the right diagnostic tools, plan and design the logging intervention putting different well conditions in perspective such as variations in production rates, slugging, water recirculation, water loading and nitrogen (N2) lifting. The workflow also includes the critical steps needed during data acquisition and interpretation to provide a more accurate evaluation.
This paper illustrates two case studies. The first case discusses a horizontal shale gas well in the region that was completed with 12 fracturing stages. The second case was completed with 14 stages. Different fracturing techniques were utilized to maximize the production and the optimal hydraulic fracture design was investigated in terms of well productivity. The multi-spinner production log was combined with the pulsed neutron log (PNL) and water flow log (WFL) in one of the wells to determine the downhole flow profile along with accurate water entries due to different trajectories and low water rates.
Zonal gas and water flow production were obtained for each fracturing stage despite challenging well deviation and complex gas-water flow regimes. Pressure buildup data acquired simultaneously with the multi-spinner production log in an efficient manner led to more accurate reservoir pressure. Stages with water production were shut off successfully, reducing the water rate accordingly. These results were incorporated with the early fracturing data for a better understanding of the well performance and also to optimize the completion and fracturing design for future wells to be drilled in the same field.
CFRP Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Corroded Steel Pipelines Under Direct Indentation and Bending
Authors: Elchalakani M. , Almaskari F. , Alardhi M. , Alkhrdaji T. , Hill C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
This paper develops a technique to rehabilitate damaged or sub-standard steel pipelines, which utilizes the lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance characteristics of carbon fibres reinforced polymers (CFRP) composites have been proposed.

Methods, procedures, and process
The study conducted experimental tests for two series of CFRP strengthened and rehabilitated pipes under quasi-static large deformation 3-point bending. The main parameters examined in this paper were (a) the corrosion penetration in the wall thickness; (b) its extent along the pipe; and (c) the type and number of the CFRP sheets. The corrosion was artificially induced 360° around the circumference and in the wall thickness by machining, where four different severity of corrosion were examined of 20% (mild), 40% (moderate), 60% (sever), and 80% (very sever).

Results, observations, conclusions
The first series was for rehabilitation of 31 artificially degraded pipes with limited corrosion, which were repaired using externally wrapped sheets. The extent of corrosion along the pipe was in the range of Lc/Dn=1.0 to 8.0, where Lc=length of corrosion and Dn is the nominal diameter of the pipe. The second series represents rehabilitation of 12 degraded pipes with full corrosion along the length of the pipe. The extent of corrosion along the pipe in this series was Lc/Dn =8.0. The section slenderness examined in this paper was in the range of D0/t =20.32 to 93.6. The CFRP sheets were wrapped around the section in the longitudinal and transverse direction with a sufficient overlap. The results show that the combined flexural and bearing strength of the pipe can be significantly increased by adhesively bonding CFRP.

Novel / Additive information
This research and experiments developed an appropriate technique using CFRP, which significantly improved the repair and rehabilitation of corrosion in steel pipes. The percent increase in strength was mostly affected by the corrosion level where the maximum gain was 434% which was obtained for the most severe 80% corrosion in the wall thickness. The average increase in the load carrying capacity was 97% and 169% for the rehabilitation and strengthening series respectively.
Formation Pressure Evaluation for Producing Wells Without Shutting Down the Well, Using Multi Rate High Precision Temperature and Spectral Noise Logging (HPT-SNL)
Authors: Sarsekov Arlen , Al-Alyak Abbas , Al Neaimi Ahmed , Saif Omar Yousef , Helmy Mohamed , Akram Fazeel , Saber Mohamed , Bilbeisi Jawdat , Mansouri Tarik , Shnaib Fathi , Khamatdinov Rafael , Skutin Vasiliy , Farakhova Rushana , Aslanyan Irina , Makhiyanov Ruslan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Majority of the oil and gas fields in the UAE are mature multi-layered carbonates reservoirs, which determines complex vertical heterogeneity and challenging development of those reservoirs. Conventional methodology to measure sublayer pressure is to utilizing different wireline formation testers for any new well or worked over well before commissioning for production. Once well is completed and put on production; usually the average reservoir pressure is measured at the depth of perforation using conventional pressure build up (PBU) or bottomhole closed-in pressure (BHCIP) methods. Using conventional approach it is always difficult to understand which layers are more depleted than others, as only average reservoir pressure is recorded in the wellbore. In case of the heterogeneous multi-layer reservoirs, pressure measured conventionally in the wellbore will be at most of the times, inadequate for sublayer pressure estimation.
This paper will describe new methodology of formation pressure evaluation, as well as real case study done in one of the developed offshore carbonate field in the UAE. This method allows measuring each sublayer pressure for producing wells without interruption of the production and properly defining any differential pressure between sublayers. This will help when applying any gas shut-off or water shut-off techniques and prolong the life of producing wells, as well as to help future development of the field. The determined reservoir pressure for each layer has been compared with recent formation pressure tester measurements obtained for this well. The pressure measurement is in the range of 20 psi tolerance.
Identification of sublayer reservoir pressure for each producing interval is vital for highly heterogeneous multi-layered reservoirs. This technique is important for gas and water production management when one or several sublayers become depleted. Appropriate action for gas/water shut-off technique can be applied in the right time which will help to manage reservoir efficiently, as well as reducing the cost for conventional pressure measurements and eliminating the loss of production due to shut in time for pressure stabilization during conventional BHCIP or PBU.
Wettability Alteration in Hydraulically Fractured Tight Sand for Flow-back Improvement
Authors: Mohamed Fathima , Al Hinai Mohammed , Al Nabhani Hamood , Yu Sung , Sarkar Sume , Haghighi Manouchehr 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
After hydraulic fracturing, the flow-back of fracturing fluid is necessary before the gas production starts. A review of fracture treatments indicates that the incomplete return of treating fluids is a reason for poor gas production. It is believed that the water blockage in tight sand limits flow-back in low permeable gas wells. In this paper, it is proposed to reduce water blockage effects by wettability alteration in a fracture plane surface by introducing a novel set of materials that alter the wettability of the sand from a largely water-wet state to a less water-wet state. Consequently, this decreases the water imbibition from fracture face into the matrix and also reduces the capillary holdup. Four different easy to obtain, non-hazardous materials namely, talc, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), activated carbon and silica nanopowder were evaluated for their efficiency to alter the wettability using contact angle measurements and spontaneous imbibition tests. The results of such study indicate that the PTFE was the best material by improving the wettability by more than 90 degrees and decreasing the water imbibition rate by 7 times. However, if a non-polymer solution is required, talc is a good alternative with moderate results. It is a readily available mineral and non-toxic. To determine how these results translate in terms of incremental recovery of the flow-back and the gas production, a coupled fracture propagation model with multiphase reservoir simulation has also been performed. The results predict an overall increase of gas production and a better water flow-back.
Learning Styles and Learning Strategies of Geology Technology and Exploration Information Technology Students in Petroleum and Natural Gas Higher Institute of Technology and Training in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Anicas Roel Palo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The study is aimed to determine the relationship between the learning styles and strategies of 321 students in Petroleum and Natural Gas Higher Institute of Technology and Training in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It sought to assess the extent of practice of the students' learning styles along Visual, Auditory and Tactile learning styles. Further, the level of students' preference in the following learning strategies: Memorization, Problem Solving, Experimentation, Group Study and Immersion was assessed by institute and year levels and to determine if there exists a relationship between the extent of practice of the above mentioned learning styles and the level of preferences of the learning strategies.
The investigation made used the descriptive method. The stratified sampling is utilized the sample size of the study. Data gathered were tabulated and interpreted using statistical tools such as weighted mean to assess the various learning styles and on the level of students' preference on the different learning strategies, correlation analysis for the significant relationship and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the identifying the significant differences in learning styles and learning strategies according to levels.
It is revealed that the results showed a homogeneous type of students in spite of differences in institutes where they belong. For each of the learning styles, students practice much of them. Learning styles are not determined by inherited characteristics, but develop through experience. By comparing the computed weighted means, it could be observed that Tactile is consistently in number one slot having weighted means of 3.85 for Level 1, 3.80 for Level 2 and 3.78 for Level 3 while Visual followed at weighted means of 3.70, 3.65, and 3.59 as rated by Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3, respectively. Auditory learning style is also much practiced by the students in the three levels where Level 1 students rated this style a weighted mean of 3.66, Level 2 students rated this style also with a weighted mean of 3.64 and for Level 3, a weighted mean of 3.48. Level 1 to Level 3 highly preferred experimentation, problem solving, immersion and group study are highly preferred while the memorization is moderately preferred. This corroborated with the conclusion that students in order to have a better grasp on the topics or lesson, involving other senses not just the eyes (normally utilized in memorization).
A proposed developmental plan embedded with importance of context to further enhance and develop the students learning styles and learning strategies will be given ample importance which encourages the students/learners to understand the technical communication of teaching-learning process as a necessarily tool for development and to become a globally competitive Saudi Nationals.
Leadership Styles and Management Competence of Administrators of Petroleum and Natural Gas Higher Institute of Technology and Training, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Anicas Roel Palo , Alwehaimed Bassam 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study determined the leadership styles and management competence of top and middle administrators as a basis for a proposed training plan for the top and middle administrators of the of Petroleum and Natural Gas Higher Institute of Technology and Training in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to determine the relationship between leadership styles and management competence of school. This study employed quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative analysis was used for the profile, leadership styles and management competence of administrators while the strengths and weaknesses for qualitative was proposed based on the findings of the study. Fifteen (15) school administrators determined their own leadership styles. Their subordinates were rating them based on the management competence criteria, indicators and parameters of the 15 administrators, there was one (3) school administrator, 7 program heads, 3 subject coordinators and 2 non-teaching heads.
On the level of leadership styles of school administrators. The institute is run by the administrators with collaborative leadership styles rather than empowering and autocratic. The finding discloses that the administrators often ask and include their employees in the decision making process. Most of the activities conducted are being participated by their employees as part of the organization objectives. The school administrators as key players create an environment where the employees are part in the realization of the vision, mission and goals of the institute. Employees are given chance to fulfill their objective, utilize their knowledge, creativity and ingenuity to solve organizational problems. Likewise on the level of management competence of school administrators and they obtained high level. The significance of the relationship between leadership styles and management competence of administrators and they revealed no significant relationship. This implies that the leadership styles of administrators has nothing to do with their management competence. This implies further that the management competence of the administrators is not related to their leadership styles. It is concluded that the administrators are collaborative leaders. They are excellent in resource management, teaching and learning, creating a conducive learning environment, community building, school planning and improvement and leadership.
The proposed training plan will be a tangible and good source for the development of the administrators and their exposure to training is associated with their management competence. Participation of trainings would contribute to improved management competence of the institutes administrators.
Advancements in Gas Condensate Reservoir Surveillance: Well Testing to Production Forecasting
Authors: Karacali Ozgur , Hernandez Erika R. , Al-Ghaithi Ali 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Well testing is an integral part of successful exploration and production programs. Conventional techniques to acquire reservoir surveillance data and develop oil fields are not rigorously applicable for complex gas condensate reservoirs. Once gas condensate reservoirs are put on production, reservoir models need to be history matched as early as possible. Moreover, reservoir model should periodically be updated with gradually unfolding production data. Reservoir models will not be representative for future production forecasting unless accurately measured dynamic flow rate and pressure data are integrated into geologically consistent static reservoir models. In this paper, production testing via mobile flowmeters of gas condensate fields in central onshore Oman, is presented.
In these fields, an extensive number of well tests (more than 1,000) have been performed through mobile well testing units for more than a decade. Condensate to gas ratios (CGR) do vary significantly because most of the wells are producing commingled from two to three clastic reservoirs that are continuously being depleted. Acquiring accurate liquid and gas flow rate measurements was a challenge because average producing gas volume fractions (GVF) were greater than 98%. Under these conditions, felicitous fluid characterization is paramount for unerring gas and liquid flow rate measurements. Therefore, Petroleum Development Oman (PDO) has decided to characterize the fluid properties by capturing surface fluid samples while testing the wells at various operating pressures and temperatures. Most of the wells also had production logging tool (PLT) measurements performed to allocate surface productions to various reservoir units.
In summary, multiphase well testing coupled with fluid sampling and analysis significantly helped to build an accurate production history that is used for updating reservoir models. Well testing and fluid analysis greatly assisted well and reservoir management efforts. Oil and gas compositions are analyzed for numerous flowing conditions. Heptanes plus (C7+) mole percentages of the reservoir fluids are used to establish CGR correlations in addition to various pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) and flow rate relations.
Frequent well testing and surface fluid sampling indicated that the producing reservoir layers are depleting at different rates after more than a decade of production. CGR trends illustrated that certain wells produce more gas, leaving behind dropped-off condensate in the reservoir. This result supported the informed decision-making process to maximize gas and condensate production from specific areas in the field. In addition, well testing results helped PDO to rank the wells and analyze the production decline. In this paper, advancements in gas well testing methodologies successfully adapted for gas condensate reservoirs, will be presented in detail in conjunction with lessons learned and good practices.