bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unmasking the ciliopathies: craniofacial defects and the primary cilium
Authors: Cortés Claudio R. , Metzis Vicki , Wicking Carol 
Published: July 2015

Over the past decade, the primary cilium has emerged as a pivotal sensory organelle that acts as a major signaling hub for a number of developmental signaling pathways. In that time, a vast number of proteins involved in trafficking and signaling have been linked to ciliary assembly and/or function, demonstrating the importance of this organelle during embryonic development. Given the central role of the primary cilium in regulating developmental signaling, it is not surprising that its dysfunction results in widespread defects in the embryo, leading to an expanding class of human congenital disorders known as ciliopathies. These disorders are individually rare and phenotypically variable, but together they affect virtually every vertebrate organ system. Features of ciliopathies that are often overlooked, but which are being reported with increasing frequency, are craniofacial abnormalities, ranging from subtle midline defects to full‐blown orofacial clefting. The challenge moving forward is to understand the primary mechanism of disease given the link between the primary cilium and a number of developmental signaling pathways (such as hedgehog, platelet‐derived growth factor, and WNT signaling) that are essential for craniofacial development. Here, we provide an overview of the diversity of craniofacial abnormalities present in the ciliopathy spectrum, and reveal those defects in common across multiple disorders. Further, we discuss the molecular defects and potential signaling perturbations underlying these anomalies. This provides insight into the mechanisms leading to ciliopathy phenotypes more generally and highlights the prevalence of widespread dysmorphologies resulting from cilia dysfunction. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:637–653. doi: 10.1002/wdev.199This article is categorized under:

Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Birth Defects > Organ Anomalies
A survey on multi‐output regression
Authors: Borchani Hanen , Varando Gherardo , Bielza Concha , Larrañaga Pedro 
Published: July 2015

In recent years, a plethora of approaches have been proposed to deal with the increasingly challenging task of multi‐output regression. This study provides a survey on state‐of‐the‐art multi‐output regression methods, that are categorized as problem transformation and algorithm adaptation methods. In addition, we present the mostly used performance evaluation measures, publicly available data sets for multi‐output regression real‐world problems, as well as open‐source software frameworks. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2015, 5:216–233. doi: 10.1002/widm.1157This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning
Time lag as a characteristic feature in the identification of a moving object by a two‐detector X‐ray sensor
Authors: Kitov Boris Ivanovich , Mukhachyov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Ryabov Yevgeniy Valeryevich 
Published: July 2015

The authors conduct an experimental study of the dynamics of secondary (diffusely scattered and fluorescent) X‐ray radiation originating from the moving grains of minerals and offer a semi‐quantitative explanation for it.They compare the secondary radiation's amplitudes for the free falling grains of natural diamond and for its accompanying minerals that are changing over time. The signals are simultaneously registered by two detectors placed in the upper and lower spatial half‐planes relative to the horizontal flux of primary X‐ray radiation.The authors show that the time difference between the occurrence of dynamic signals' maximums in the detectors allows to identify the type of irradiated mineral. This time lag is negligibly small for a diamond but for the accompanying mineral it is close to its flight time through the irradiation zone.The authors have constructed and tested the laboratory model of a separator that showed a high degree of diamond extraction from the mixture of different minerals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of TbIII and DyIII Coordination Compounds based on Isomeric Ligands
Authors: Zhu Jian Nan , Liu Qiao , Zhang Fei Fei , Zhao Li Yang , Tian He , Wei Bo , Li Qiao Yun , Yang Gao Wen , Zou Jian Hua 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReactions of the isomeric ligands Hpztza [Hpztza = 5‐(2‐pyrazinyl)tetrazole‐2‐acetic acid] and Hpmtza [Hpmtza = 5‐(2‐pyramidyl)tetrazole‐2‐acetic acid] with TbCl3·6H2O or DyCl3·6H2O under solvothermal conditions afforded four mononuclear complexes, [Ln(pztza)2(H2O)6]·pztza·3H2O [Ln = Tb (1), Dy (2)] and [Ln(pmtza)2(H2O)6]·Cl·3H2O [Ln = Tb (3), Dy (4)]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that all structures are mononuclear. The four compounds are self‐assembled to form three‐dimensional networks by hydrogen bonds. The different positions of the nitrogen atom control the coordination mode of the ligands and further influence the crystal structures. Furthermore, the luminescence properties were also investigated at room temperature in the solid state.
Comparison of Informed Consent Preferences for Multiplex Genetic Carrier Screening among a Diverse Population
Authors: Reeves Ashley , Trepanier Angela 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMultiplex genetic carrier screening is increasingly being integrated into reproductive care. Obtaining informed consent becomes more challenging as the number of screened conditions increases. Implementing a model of generic informed consent may facilitate informed decision‐making. Current Wayne State University students and staff were invited to complete a web‐based survey by blast email solicitation. Participants were asked to determine which of two generic informed consent scenarios they preferred: a brief versus a detailed consent. They were asked to rank the importance of different informational components in making an informed decision and to provide demographic information. Comparisons between informational preferences, demographic variables and scenario preferences were made. Six hundred ninety three participants completed the survey. When evaluating these generic consents, the majority preferred the more detailed consent (74.5 %), and agreed that it provided enough information to make an informed decision (89.5 %). Those who thought it would be more important to know the severity of the conditions being screened (p = .002) and range of symptoms (p = .000) were more likely to prefer the more detailed consent. There were no significant associations between scenario preferences and demographic variables. A generic consent was perceived to provide sufficient information for informed decision making regarding multiplex carrier screening with most preferring a more detailed version of the consent. Individual attitudes rather than demographic variables influenced preferences regarding the amount of information that should be included in the generic consent. The findings have implications for how clinicians approach providing tailored informed consent.
Lower Concentration of n‐3 in the Red Blood Cells and Plasma of Lambs when their Dams were Fed a Diet High Compared with Low in n‐6 Fatty Acids at Joining
Authors: Clayton E. H. , Wilkins J. F. , Refshauge G. , Friend M. A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFeeding ewes a diet high in n‐6 in late gestation can affect fatty acid concentrations in the newborn lamb. The effect of feeding ewes a high n‐6 diet prior to conception and in early gestation on lamb n‐6 and n‐3 status has not previously been examined. The aim of the current study was to determine whether the concentration of n‐6 was higher and n‐3 was lower in lamb red blood cells (RBC) and plasma when Merino dams were fed a diet high in n‐6 either pre‐conception only or both pre‐conception and in early gestation. Dams were fed a diet low (silage) or high (oats/CSM) in n‐6 for either 6 weeks pre‐mating only or 6 weeks pre‐mating and 17 days post‐mating. The fatty acid status of lamb RBC and plasma was determined following birth and compared with dam fatty acids around parturition. The concentration of lamb RBC and plasma n‐3 was lower (p < 0.05) when dams received the high n‐6 compared with low‐n‐6 diet around mating, independent of the length of time of feeding. The concentration of n‐3 in lamb plasma was also higher when lambs were assessed as being likely rather than unlikely to have suckled prior to blood collection. Lamb RBC and plasma n‐3 fatty acids were lower when dams were fed the high compared with the low n‐6 diet for only a short time around mating. Transfer of fatty acids via the placenta and milk may account for the differences.
Reliability of pressure pain threshold testing in healthy pain free young adults
Authors: Waller Robert , Straker Leon , O’Sullivan Peter , Sterling Michele , Smith Anne 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background and aims
Investigation of the multidimensional correlates of pressure pain threshold (PPT) requires the study of large cohorts, and thus the use of multiple raters, for sufficient statistical power. Although PPT testing has previously been shown to be reliable, the reliability of multiple raters and investigation for systematic bias between raters has not been reported.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intrarater and interrater reliability of PPT measurement by handheld algometer at the wrist, leg, cervical spine and lumbar spine. Additionally the study aimed to calculate sample sizes required for parallel and cross-over studies for various effect sizes accounting for measurement error.

Methods
Five research assistants (RAs) each tested 20 pain free subjects at the wrist, leg, cervical and lumbar spine. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and systematic bias were calculated.

Results
Both intrarater reliability (ICC = 0.81–0.99) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.92–0.95) were excellent and intrarater SEM ranged from 79 to 100 kPa. There was systematic bias detected at three sites with no single rater tending to consistently rate higher or lower than others across all sites.

Conclusion
The excellent ICCs observed in this study support the utility of using multiple RAs in large cohort studies using standardised protocols, with the caveat that an absence of any confounding of study estimates by rater is checked, due to systematic rater bias identified in this study.

Implications
Thorough training of raters using PPT results in excellent interrater reliability. Clinical trials using PPT as an outcome measure should utilise a priori sample size calculations.
Building the evidence for CRPS research from a lived experience perspective
Authors: Johnston Colleen M. , Oprescu Florin I. , Gray Marion 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background and aims
Pain is known to be a subjective experience yet the majority of pain related research does not address the lived experience of the condition. Difficult to diagnose, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is often poorly managed. The aim of this paper was to identify and synthesise the currently available literature on experiences of living with chronic pain in order to understand where and how CRPS research may be best situated in the future.

Methods
A narrative review was performed and ProQuest, EBSCO, Informit, Scopus/Science Direct and Web of Science, Medline, CINHAL and Google Scholar were searched in order to identify the literature from 1998 until 2015. 301 papers were identified of which 197 described the lived experience of chronic pain conditions. 12 papers were examined closely to determine the experience of living with CRPS or a similar chronic pain condition that does not have a definite pain origin such as cancer or endometriosis.

Results
Known understandings of pain were identified and a model was developed depicting the lived experience of chronic pain starting with loss of the former healthy, pain free self and culminating in acceptance of the condition. Major themes identified were disbelief/invisibility of pain, loss, coping with a non-compliant/constant painful body, self-management and alleviating pain/treatment. The review also found that there is no peer-reviewed published literature on the lived experience of CRPS.

Conclusions
Little is known about the lived experience of CRPS. There appears to be a clear indication that research needs to be conducted into CRPS from a lived experience perspective in order to provide information to patients, the general public, health practitioners and policy makers of previously unknown characteristics of this condition which may improve health outcomes for this patient cohort.
It has been identified that patients and their families should be active participants in education of health practitioners and in providing information to inform the development of National Pain Strategies currently being devised throughout the world.

Implications
Research into the lived experience of chronic pain conditions, and CRPS in particular, can help to provide information to enhance understanding enabling national pain strategies and future treatment guidelines strategies to be devised appropriately.
ON THE IRREGULAR HODGE FILTRATION OF EXPONENTIALLY TWISTED MIXED HODGE MODULES
Authors: SABBAH CLAUDE , YU JENG-DAW 
Published: July 2015

Given a mixed Hodge module$\mathcal{N}$and a meromorphic function$f$on a complex manifold, we associate to these data a filtration (the irregular Hodge filtration) on the exponentially twisted holonomic module$\mathcal{N}\otimes \mathcal{E}^{f}$, which extends the construction of Esnaultet al.($E_{1}$-degeneration of the irregular Hodge filtration (with an appendix by Saito),J. reine angew. Math.(2015), doi:10.1515/crelle-2014-0118). We show the strictness of the push-forward filtered${\mathcal{D}}$-module through any projective morphism${\it\pi}:X\rightarrow Y$, by using the theory of mixed twistor${\mathcal{D}}$-modules of Mochizuki. We consider the example of the rescaling of a regular function$f$, which leads to an expression of the irregular Hodge filtration of the Laplace transform of the Gauss–Manin systems of$f$in terms of the Harder–Narasimhan filtration of the Kontsevich bundles associated with$f$.
Increased use of security personnel in Irish psychiatric hospitals: 2008–2012
Authors: Shannon S. , Devitt P. , Murphy K. C. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesLittle is known about the involvement of security personnel in Irish psychiatric care. Content analysis of inspection reports is a feasible way to investigate this under-researched topic. We aimed to (i) Describe the number of approved centres per year in which we observed comments about the presence of security personnel in published reports of inspections conducted from 2008 to 2012 (ii) Report the main themes of all text relating to security personnel published in these inspection reports.MethodWe conducted a content analysis of all 349 inspection reports published between 2008 and 2012.ResultsThe number of approved centres in which security personnel were noted increased from 3% to 8% between the years 2008 and 2012. This increase was not statistically significant when the same unique centres were compared between years (p=0.684). Employment details such as contracted employment relationship, location relative to the approved centre and hours of work appeared inconsistent across centres. Role functions of security personnel differed across centres and ranged from monitoring the entrance of a unit to observing, restraining and secluding patients. Contrasting perceptions of suitability were evident in the inspection reports. The extent to which the training needs of security personnel were met was unclear from the reports.ConclusionsActivity of security personnel in psychiatric hospitals may not be role appropriate, compliant with legislation or conducive to treatment. Best practice guidelines should be developed in consultation with multiple stakeholders.
Pearling, wrinkling, and buckling of vesicles in elongational flows
Authors: Narsimhan Vivek , Spann Andrew P. , Shaqfeh Eric S. G. 
Published: July 2015

Tubular vesicles in extensional flow can undergo ‘pearling’, i.e. the formation of beads in their central neck reminiscent of the Rayleigh–Plateau instability for droplets. In this paper, we perform boundary integral simulations to determine the conditions for the onset of this instability. Our simulations agree well with experiments, and we explore additional topics such as the role of the vesicle’s initial shape on the number of pearls formed. We also compare our simulations to simple physical models of pearling that have been presented in the literature, where the vesicle is approximated as an infinitely long cylinder with a constant surface tension and bending modulus. We present a complete linear stability analysis of this idealized problem, including the effects of non-axisymmetric deformations as well as surface viscosity. We demonstrate that, while such models capture the essential physics of pearling, they cannot capture the stability of these transitions accurately, since finite length effects and non-uniform surface tension effects are important. We close our paper with a brief discussion of vesicles in compressional flows. Unlike quasi-spherical vesicles, we find that tubular vesicles can transition to a wide variety of permanent, buckled states under compression. The idealized problem mentioned above gives the essential physics behind these instabilities, which to our knowledge has not been examined heretofore.
Solutions for Triangularly Distributed Harmonic Loadings on Axially Symmetric Area in Layered Half-Space
Authors: Liou G.-S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper is to solve the problem of the response of stratified half-space subjected to triangularly distributed time-harmonic loadings on an axial symmetric area in the stratified half-space. Since the distributed area can be very small, the solution can be employed to deal with the problems of elastodynamics using the fundamental solution method. The advantage of the presented solution over Green function is that no singularity will occur in the presented solution. Some numerical results are given and some conclusions have been made. The presented solution is very efficient in computation.
Investigations in Hydrostatic Planar Bearings Compensated by Tapered-Spool Restrictors I: Flow Rate
Authors: Kang Y. , Cheng H.-C. , Lee C.-W. , Hu S.-Y. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper is former part of serial studies to investigate the influence of design parameters of tapered-spool type restrictors on static characteristics of hydrostatic bearing. The flow rates passing restrictors can determine the static characteristics of hydrostatic bearings. In this part an analytical method which includes formulas and solving is utilized to simulate dimensionless flow rate in both single-action and double-action tapered-spool restrictors. The numerical results illustrate the variations of flow rates with respect to the change of pressure and pressure difference, respectively. The findings give that the design parameters of tapered-spool restrictors and the useful range of recess pressure. The following part will depend on this paper results to study load capacity and static stiffness of hydrostatic bearing compensated by tapered-spool restrictor.
An Analytical Solution for Free Vibration of Piezoelectric Nanobeams Based on a Nonlocal Elasticity Theory
Authors: Jandaghian A. A. , Rahmani O. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn the present study, an exact solution for free vibration analysis of piezoelectric nanobeams based on the nonlocal theory is obtained. The Euler beam model for a long and thin beam structure is employed, together with the electric potential satisfying the surface free charge condition for free vibration analysis. The governing equations and the boundary conditions are derived using Hamilton's principle. These equations are solved analytically for the vibration frequencies of beams with various end conditions. The model has been verified with the previously published works and found a good agreement with them. A detailed parametric study is conducted to discuss the influences of the nonlocal parameter, on the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric nanobeams. The exact vibration solutions should serve as benchmark results for verifying numerically obtained solutions based on other beam models and solution techniques.
Numerical Simulation of Cavitation Bubble Growth within a Droplet
Authors: Lü M. , Ning Z. , Yan K. , Fu J. , Sun C.-H. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCavitation bubbles, which always exist in the diesel jet leaving the nozzle and in diesel droplets breaking up from the jet as a result of supercavitation of the diesel within the injection nozzle, increase the instability of jet and droplets in part due to the two-phase mixture, while the mechanism of this effect is still unclear. Cavitation bubble expansion within the diesel droplet has been simulated numerically based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, and the control mechanism of bubble growth process is analyzed by Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The process of bubble growth is divided into three parts, including surface tension controlled domain, comprehensive competition controlled domain and inertial force controlled domain. During the first stage, cavitation bubble growth is controlled by the surface tension, and the decrease of the surface tension leads to the increase of the bubble growth rate. During the second stage, the bubble growth rate is controlled by the comprehensive competition of the surface tension, the inertial force and the viscous force. During the third stage, the process of bubble growth is majorly controlled by the inertial force.
Numerical Analysis of Indentation of an Elastic Hemispherical Shell
Authors: Jia Y.-F. , Xuan F.-Z. , Yang F.-Q. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNanoindentation technique has been used to measure the elastic modulus of virus capsids, capsules, vesicles, and tubules. The principle of the nanoindentation technique is based on the elastic solution of an isotropic, homogeneous, semi-infinite material, which limits the use of nanoindentation in measuring the mechanical properties of materials of small scales. To address this limitation, Reissner's thin shell model, which is based on the point indentation on a thin shell, has been used in analyzing the indentation of thin shells. In this work, the indentation of elastic hemispherical shells of various thicknesses by a rigid, spherical indenter is analyzed, using the finite element method. The simulation results reveal the limitation of the Reissner's thin shell model. A semi-analytical relationship between the indentation depth and the indentation load is proposed, which consists of the contributions of the Hertz's local deformation, the Reissner's local flattening, and the Pogorelov's deflection of the shell. This relationship provides an analytical basis of using nanoindentation to determine the nominal contact modulus of spherical shells. The comparison between the numerical results and the experimental results in literature supports the proposed semi-analytical relationship and reveals the effect of viscoelastic characteristic of shell structures on the indentation deformation.