bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fermentation Pattern of Infant Formulas Containing Different Prebiotics
Authors: Vanderhoof Jon , Ferguson Paul , Pauley‐Hunter Rosemary , Prestridge Laurel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrebiotics play a role in the development of intestinal flora. When exposed to unabsorbed food, such as prebiotic carbohydrates, intestinal bacteria produce hydrogen. Increases in hydrogen may signify a slower rate of fermentation or digestion. In this blinded, crossover study, infants (n = 13) consumed formula containing either 4 g/L galactooligosaccharide (GOS) or 4 g/L polydextrose (PDX) + GOS, and breath hydrogen was measured. Breath hydrogen was higher in the PDX/GOS group versus GOS alone (mean ± standard error, 25.35 ± 2.87 ppm vs 13.69 ± 2.87 ppm, P = 0.0001). These results indicate that the formula with PDX/GOS may have undergone slower digestion.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Roles of Endoscopic Ultrasound in Pediatric Pancreaticobiliary Disorders
Authors: Scheers Isabelle , Ergun Meltem , Aouattah Tarik , Piessevaux Hubert , Borbath Ivan , Stephenne Xavier , De Magnée Catherine , Reding Raymond , Sokal Etienne , Veyckemans Francis , Weynand Birgit , Deprez Pierre H. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The diagnostic role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in children has only recently been demonstrated, and that also to a lesser extent than in adults. Data on the technique's therapeutic indications remain scarce. We therefore sought to evaluate diagnostic and interventional EUS indications, safety, and impact in children with pancreaticobiliary disorders.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed our single pediatric center records, covering a 14‐year period.Results:From January 2000 to January 2014, 52 EUS procedures were performed in 48 children (mean age: 12 years; range: 2–17 years) with pancreaticobiliary disorders for the following indications: suspected biliary obstruction (n = 20/52), acute/chronic pancreatitis (n = 20), pancreatic mass (n = 3), pancreatic trauma (n = 7), and ampullary adenoma (n = 2). EUS was found to have a positive impact in 51 of 52 procedures, enabling us to avoid endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (n = 13 biliary; n = 6 pancreatic), focusing instead on endotherapy (n = 7 biliary; n = 14 pancreatic) or reorienting therapy toward surgery (n = 7). EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration was carried out on 12 patients for pancreatic tumor (n = 4), pancreatic cyst fluid analysis (n = 4), autoimmune pancreatitis (n = 2), and suspicion of biliary tumor (n = 2). A total of 13 therapeutic EUS procedures (11 children) were conducted, including 9 combined EUS–ERCP procedures (7 children, mean age: 8 years, range: 4–11 years), 3 EUS‐guided pseudocyst drainage (2 children), and 1 EUS‐guided transgastric biliary drainage.Conclusions:Our study reports on a large pediatric EUS series for diagnostic and therapeutic pancreaticobiliary disorders, demonstrating the impact of diagnostic EUS and affording insights into novel EUS and combined EUS–ERCP therapeutic applications. We suggest considering EUS as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in the management of pediatric pancreaticobiliary diseases.
Coeliac Disease and Noncoeliac Gluten Sensitivity
Authors: Meijer Caroline R. , Shamir Raanan , Mearin Maria L. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe spectrum of gluten‐related disorders was restricted to coeliac disease and wheat allergy, but the new contemporary entity referred to as noncoeliac gluten sensitivity has gained recognition mainly in adults but also in children. Noncoeliac gluten sensitivity is defined as the presence of a variety of symptoms related to gluten ingestion in patients in whom coeliac disease and wheat allergy have been excluded. The pathophysiology and biomarkers of coeliac disease and wheat allergy are well known, but this is not the case for noncoeliac gluten sensitivity. It is also not clear whether noncoeliac gluten sensitivity is caused by consumption of gluten or by consumption of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. Randomized trials on noncoeliac gluten sensitivity in children are lacking and are hardly needed to evaluate its role in paediatric patients with gastroenterology to avoid the use of unnecessary restrictive diets in children and interference with proper diagnosis of coeliac disease.
Management of disruptions by seaports: preliminary findings
Authors: Loh Hui Shan , Thai Vinh V. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The function of a port has evolved from a platform providing simple loading and unloading activities to a gateway that opens up numerous opportunities that proliferate economic benefits. The effects of globalization and modern supply chain trends have reinforced the role that ports play in supply chains. This calls for contemporary studies on supply chain management to expand to address the management of supply chain disruptions that originate from port operations. The purpose of this paper is to provide perspectives from the industry on the proposed management model that seeks to address port-related supply chain disruptions (PSCD).Design/methodology/approach– In-depth interviews were conducted with professionals from the port management and port users to preliminarily substantiate the findings.Findings– A list of port-related supply chain threats was first identified and their occurrences were analyzed. Then, through the interviews with the management of industry players, the factors which may affect the implementation of the management model have been identified.Research limitations/implications– This paper fills gaps in literature related to management of port risks and port resiliency.Practical implications– The findings raised important issues in the management of PSCD with respect to strategic decision making and policy development.Originality/value– This study contributes by aiming to minimize the potential of a list of identified threats through the implementation of a practical management model by port management to increase port resilience and maintain supply chain sustainability.
The effect of plain packaging format in cigarette labeling on smoking intent and brand likability among young non-smokers in Macau
Authors: Chow Clement S. F. , Kaynak Erdener , Mak Winnie 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the plain packaging format in cigarette labeling is worth adopting or not.

Design/methodology/approach
– A lab experiment with a 2 (existing vs plain packaging format) × 2 (familiar vs unfamiliar brand) factorial design was conducted with Chinese subjects in Macau.

Findings
– The plain packaging format in cigarette labeling reduces both smoking intent and brand likability in familiar brand condition but not unfamiliar brand condition.

Social implications
– When many governments are currently deliberating about whether to follow the plain packaging initiative, this study constitutes a timely investigation of the effects of it on smoking intent and brand likability among Chinese young non-smokers. The positive effect of the plain packaging in familiar brand condition provides the justification of adopting it by the governments.

Originality/value
– Studies of plain packaging have not been taking brand familiarity into consideration (the only exceptional study used the top three familiar brands and thus failed to examine the familiarity effect) but the study focussed on it. In the data analysis, if brand familiarity is not considered, wrong conclusion will be drawn. Therefore, by having brand familiarity as moderator, the authors are able to correctly conclude that plain packaging format is worth adopting.
Advanced model of IM including rotor slot harmonics
Authors: Jerkan Dejan , Marčetić Darko 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed advanced dynamical model of induction machine (IM) with unskewed rotor bars, including rotor slot harmonics.

Design/methodology/approach
– Procedure of IM modeling using results from finite element analysis (FEA). Series of magneto-static FEA simulations are used to obtain matrix of IM inductances as a function of rotor angular position and geometry. Each element in this matrix is represented by Fourier series (FS) and incorporated in proposed dynamical model. Using or neglecting various elements in FS of inductance matrix may be useful for determining which component of the series has dominant influence on harmonic content of stator currents, torque ripple or speed variation. The usefulness of application of presented model is verified comparing with time-stepping FEA simulations.

Findings
– Although the model is not suitable for usage in on-line regulation of IM drives, but the results of simulations may be used to thoroughly explain origins of higher order harmonics in stator currents of IM and help improve sensorless speed estimation algorithms and fault diagnostics.

Originality/value
– This paper shows an approach to the modeling of IM which includes effects of non-uniform air gap and non-sinusoidal distributions of magneto-motive forces. Inductance matrix elements are complex functions of rotor position, geometry and winding distributions and it gives an opportunity for detail analysis of IM behavior in numerous applications.
A high-performance computing procedure for the evaluation of 3D coils inductance
Authors: Chiariello Andrea Gaetano , Formisano Alessandro , Martone Raffaele 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– Inductances of complex coils, in the presence of linear materials only, can be computed by discretizing coils into simpler elements, whose magnetic behavior is analytically expressible, and suitably combining elementary contributions. Reliable results require high numbers of elements. In such cases, advantages can be taken from Graphic Processor Unit (GPU) capabilities of dealing efficiently with high numbers of repeated simple computational tasks. The purpose of this paper is to set up a fast and prompt numerical procedure to cope with the above described task.

Design/methodology/approach
– The coils are first decomposed into current segments, taking into account accuracy, relative position and shape of coils to determine the number of segments. An analytical formula is then used to compute elementary contributions using GPUs to speed up the process, and finally superposition is used to recover the result.

Findings
– The main advantages of the proposed approach are first demonstrated using simple examples, with analytical solutions, to validate the method accuracy and promptness, then more complex cases are taken to demonstrate its generality.

Research limitations/implications
– The method is intrinsically limited by the linearity assumption, excluding the presence of magnetic materials. The adopted formulas require in addition that coils must lie in free space.

Practical implications
– The proposed method can help in the design of complex coils or coils systems, where the performance depends on total magnetic energy or magnetic forces among coils.

Originality/value
– The paper presents an original implementation in GPU-based computational environment of a procedure to compute inductances, based on the superposition of a high number of current segments. The procedure includes an original method to self-adaptively define number and position of current segments used in the coils discretization.
InMotion hybrid racecar: F1 performance with LeMans endurance
Authors: Jacob J. , Colin J.A. , Montemayor H. , Sepac D. , Trinh H.D. , Voorderhake S.F. , Zidkova P. , Paulides J.J.H. , Borisaljevic A. , Lomonova E.A. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that using advanced powertrain technologies can help outperform the state of the art in F1 and LeMans motor racing. By a careful choice and sizing of powertrain components coupled with an optimal energy management strategy, the conflicting requirements of high-performance and high-energy savings can be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach
– Five main steps were performed. First, definition of requirements: basic performance requirements were defined based on research on the capabilities of Formula 1 race cars. Second, drive cycle generation: a drive cycle was created using these performance requirements as well as other necessary inputs such as the track layout of Circuit de la Sarthe, the drag coefficient, the tire specifications, and the mass of the vehicle. Third, selection of technology: the drive cycle was used to model the power requirements from the powertrain components of the series-hybrid topology. Fourth, lap time sensitivity analysis: the impact of certain design decisions on lap time was determined by the lap time sensitivity analysis. Fifth, modeling and optimization: the design involved building the optimal energy management strategy and comparing the performance of different powertrain component sizings.

Findings
– Five different powertrain configurations were presented, and several tradeoffs between lap time and different parameters were discussed. The results showed that the fastest achievable lap time using the proposed configurations was 3 min 9 s. It was concluded that several car and component parameters have to be improved to decrease this lap time to the required 2 min 45 s, which is required to outperform F1 on LeMans.

Originality/value
– This research shows the capabilities of advanced hybrid powertrain components and energy management strategies in motorsports, both in terms of performance and energy savings. The important factors affecting the performance of such a hybrid race car have been highlighted.
Winding topologies of flux-switching motors for in-wheel traction
Authors: Tang Y. , Paulides J.J.H. , Lomonova E.A. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate winding topologies for flux-switching motors (FSMs) with various segment-tooth combinations and different excitation methods.

Design/methodology/approach
– For the ac winding of FSM, two winding topologies, namely the concentrated winding and the distributed winding, are compared in terms of the winding factor and efficiency. For the field winding of dc-excited FSM (DCEFSM), another two winding topologies, namely the lap winding and the toroidal winding, are compared in terms of effective coil area, end-winding length, and thermal conditions. Analytical derivation is used for the general winding factor calculation. The calculation results are validated using finite element analysis.

Findings
– Winding factors can be used as an indication of winding efficiency for FSMs in the same manner as done for synchronous motors. For FSMs with concentrated windings, the winding factor increases when the rotor tooth number approaches a multiple of the stator segment number. For FSMs with certain segment-tooth combinations, e.g. 6/8, the theoretical maximum winding factor can be achieved by implementing distributed windings. Furthermore, the toroidal winding can be an efficient winding topology for DCEFSMs with large stator diameter and small stack length.

Research limitations/implications
– This work can be continued with investigating the variation of reluctance torque with respect to different segment-tooth combinations of FSM.

Originality/value
– This paper proposes a general method to calculate the winding factor of FSMs using only the phase number, the stator segment number, the rotor tooth number, and the skew angle. Using this method, a table of winding factors of FSMs with different segment-tooth combinations is provided. Principle of design of FSMs with high-winding factors are hence concluded. This paper also proposed the implementation of distributed windings for FSM with certain segment-tooth combinations, e.g. 6/8, by which means a theoretical maximum winding factor is achieved. In addition, different winding topologies for the field winding of DCEFSM are also investigated.
Front-end service innovation: learning from a design-assisted experimentation
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Tellefsen Brynjulf , Lüders Marika 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how the development and experimentation with a designer-assisted and collaborative concept-creating approach can provide new insights into the emergent field of service innovations.Design/methodology/approach– The paper were independent researcher with no commercial interests in the method investigated. The paper adopted qualitative methodology informed by 12 innovation workshop series among three Norwegian service companies, followed up by formative validation of the three years constructional and experimental period.Findings– The workshops introduced tangible tools and produced large numbers of innovation ideas, some of which were exploited. Participants internalized partially service design-terms and tools. The experimentation contributed to a common language among participants. Weaknesses included not explicitly addressing managerial learning and organization-internal issues.Research limitations/implications– New innovation interventions in the often fuzzy front-end should be validated to accumulate insights and allow changes.Practical implications– The paper offer a managerial framework for improving innovation experimentation among corporate employees and specialists. This will help companies understand service design impact on innovation by delineating key managerial components and limitations from broad business perspective.Social implications– Relationships influenced the construction and conduct of the innovation experiments, and consequently who were influenced by the experiment in the companies. To evaluate whom to include in the workshops and whom to represent by proxy innovation networks should be analyzed.Originality/value– This study reports one of very few appraisals of design-assisted service innovation interventions through process observations and follow-up field interviews, including interviews after the finalizing of field experiments. The paper offer frameworks and critical issues for fuzzy-end innovation practice and research.
A fractional approach to wicking fluid flow in nonwoven porous fabric
Authors: Fanglong Zhu , Qianqian Feng , Rangtong Liu , Kejing Li , Yu Zhou 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to employ a fractional approach to predict the permeability of nonwoven fabrics by simulating diffusion process.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method described here follows a similar approach to anomalous diffusion process. The relationship between viscous hydraulic permeability and electrical conductivity of porous material is applied in the derivation of fractional power law of permeability.

Findings
– The presented power law predicted by fractional method is validated by the results obtained from simulation of fluid flow around a 3D nonwoven porous material by using the lattice-Boltzmann approach. A relation between the fluid permeability and the fluid content (filling fraction), namely, following the power law of the form, was derived via a scaling argument. The exponent n is predominantly a function of pore-size distribution dimension and random walk dimension of the fluid.

Originality/value
– The fractional scheme by simulating diffusion process presented in this paper is a new method to predict wicking fluid flow through nonwoven fabrics. The forecast approach can be applied to the prediction of the permeability of other porous materials.
Simulation of the impinging liquid jet cooling process of a flat plate
Authors: Stark Paul , Fritsching Udo 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop a numerical model to simulate the flow field as well as the conjugate heat transfer during unsteady cooling of a flat plate with a single submerged water jet. At wall temperatures above the liquid boiling point, the vapor formation process and the interaction of the vapor phase with the developing jet-flow field are included.

Design/methodology/approach
– The time-dependent flow and temperature distribution during all occurring boiling phases as well as the local and temporal distribution of the heat transfer coefficient on a flat plate can be simulated.

Findings
– The influence of the liquid jet flow rate (10,800=Re_d=32,400) and the nozzle distance to the plate (4=H/d=20) on the transient cooling process are analyzed. This includes the time-dependant positions of the transition regions between the boiling phases on the plate as well as the temperatures at these transition regions. Additionally, the local heat transfer rates are a direct result of the unsteady cooling simulation.

Originality/value
– A single model approach is developed and utilized to simulate the unsteady cooling process of a flat plate with an impinging water jet including all occurring boiling phases.
Capability/maturity based model for logistics processes assessment
Authors: Benmoussa Rachid , Abdelkabir Charkaoui , Abd Achraf , Hassou Marouane 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study how a general standardized processes assessment capability/maturity model, such as Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI), can be combined to a standardized benchmark of logistics processes best practices, such as FD X50-604, to propose a new approach that evaluates logistics processes capability/maturity.Design/methodology/approach– First, an analysis study of CMMI model and X50-604 standard is performed. In order to prove their coherence, a deep comparative analysis of CMMI and X50-604 practices is conducted. As illustration, the paper focuses on a particular application of this approach to evaluate capability/maturity of distribution logistics activities. An industrial case study that aims the validation of this particular application is finally conducted in a furniture company.Findings– The authors estimate that the paper findings provide an operational guide for industrials to evaluate their distribution processes that is a practical, verifiable, repeatable and extensible to other logistics process areas and an interesting opportunity to evolve the standard FD X50-604 regarding CMMI requirements to assess capability/maturity of logistics processes.Originality/value– In general, the few capability/maturity-driven models analyzed in literature present some limits that do not allow their diffusion in the industrial level, especially in logistics. This study proposes a new approach based on standards that provide an operational guide for industrials to evaluate their distribution processes based on capability/maturity concept.
Overcoming resistance against quality control – a philosophical-empirical approach
Authors: de Vries Henk J. , Haverkamp Andries 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the added value of philosophy in understanding and overcoming resistance to quality control.Design/methodology/approach– The paper describes a case in which the philosophy of Herman Dooyeweerd was applied to give advice on a standardisation project within a company. The authors evaluate the project and resistance to it after six years, using the same philosophical approach.Findings– Economic goals of quality control were achieved without any substantial employee resistance by addressing non-economic aspects. Apparently, social needs are not necessarily detrimental to economic goals. On the contrary, it is difficult to achieve economic goals if the social aspects are not being addressed.Research limitations/implications– Though based on one case study only, the findings suggest that a multi-aspect approach to quality management is very promising.Practical implications– The approach is not just a TQM tool but rather a way of addressing various aspects in a systematic and balanced way. Familiarising managers with this approach should help them to balance financial and other aspects without making those other aspects instrumental to achieving financial targets.Originality/value– The paper presents a new multi-aspect approach to quality management, based on philosophy in business research. It seems that the value of this approach reaches beyond the area of quality management and can be important to organisation studies in general.