bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Regional Microvascular Density of the Gluteus Medius Tendon Determined by Immunohistochemistry with CD31 Staining: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Márquez William H. , Gómez-Hoyos Juan , Woodcock Santiago , Arias Luis F. , Sampson Thomas G. , Gallo Jaime A. 
Published: February 2015

Background and Purpose There are no studies to date about the vascularisation into the gluteus medius tendon. The purpose of this study was to define the microvessel density of the gluteus medius in 3 zones through a special staining with CD31 and to identify regional differences in microvascular density that may have implications for the healing. Methods We obtained 12 complete gluteus medius tendons from cadavers who had been an average age of 30.3 years old (range 18 to 55). All the donors were males with no known history of hip abnormalities. Following a rigorous protocol, each gluteus medius tendon was divided in 3 portions. Each gluteus medius tendon was divided in 3 portions (I: musculotendinous, II: Tendon, III: Tendon-Bone junction). Results There were regional differences between all anatomic zones in both the transverse section (p<0.001) and the longitudinal section (p = 0.007). Furthermore, a significant difference was found between zones II and I (mean difference −23.45 IC95% −38.77 to −8.13, p<0.001) and between zones II and III (mean difference −26.08 IC95% −41.39 to −10.76, p<0.001) in transverse section. In longitudinal sections, this difference was found as well between zones II and I (mean difference −29.48 IC95% −51.54 to −7.43, p = 0.01), but not between zones II and III (mean difference −10.87 IC95% −32.93 to 11.18, p = 0.67). Conclusions The microvessel density was significantly lower in the length of the tendon (central portion) compared to the other 2 regions.
Do Clinical and Quality of Life Scores Change over Time after Hip Resurfacing?
Authors: Tan Timothy L. , Le Duff Michel J. , Takamura Karren M. , Amstutz Harlan C. 
Published: February 2015

Background Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing (MOMHR) is an alternative to total hip replacement in young and active patients but little is known about the evolution of clinical outcome scores of hip resurfacing over time. The purpose of this study was 1) to assess the long-term evolution of UCLA hip scores and SF-12 Quality of life evaluations in a group of patients treated with hip resurfacing arthroplasty, 2) to determine whether the age of the patient at surgery influenced these outcome measurements, and 3) whether the changes in SF-12 scores are comparable with those of the general US population. Patient and Methods A total of 100 patients with unilateral, unrevised, Charnley class A MOMHR were retrospectively selected for the study. UCLA and SF-12 scores were calculated preoperatively, short-term postoperatively, and beyond 10 years. Results There was a decrease in the UCLA function and activity scores, and in the SF-12 physical scores between the short-term and the last follow-up at a minimum of 10 years. However, pain, walking, and SF-12 mental scores were maintained through the last follow-up. Furthermore, the SF-12 physical scores at last follow-up were comparable with those of the general US population while the mental scores were greater. There were no significant differences between the two age groups at any of the follow-up intervals for any outcome measurement. Conclusions While there is a slight decline in physical function following hip resurfacing over time, pain relief, walking ability, and quality of life are maintained.
Outcome of Patients on Combined Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Thajudeen Bijin , Kamel Mahmoud , Arumugam Cibi , Ali Syed Asad , John Santhosh G. , Meister Edward E. , Mosier Jarrod M. , Raz Yuval , Madhrira Machaiah , Thompson Jess , Sussman Amy N. 
Published: February 2015

Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a lifesaving therapy used in the management of cardiopulmonary failure. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is often added to the treatment for the correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance in patients with acute kidney injury. Most of the literature on the use of combined ECMO and CRRT has been on pediatric patients. There are limited outcome data on the use of these combined modalities in adult patients. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of all the patients above the age of 18 years who underwent combined ECMO and CRRT at a tertiary care medical center during the period January 2007 to January 2012. The primary outcomes measured were mortality at one year and renal recovery or dialysis dependence at one month. Results A total of 40 patients who were treated concurrently with ECMO and CRRT were identified. The mean age was 47.01 ± 18.29 years. The most common indications for initiation of CRRT were combined fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance. Mortality at one month was (32/40) 80%. Among the 8 survivors (20%), 3 patients required continuation of hemodialysis and 5 patients were independent of dialysis at 30 days. Conclusions Mortality of patients treated with combined ECMO and CRRT is high. Initiation of CRRT in these patients is simply an indicator of severity of illness and fatality. Younger age, higher arterial pH, left ventricular dysfunction and use of VA ECMO are associated with improved survival in these patients.
Ultrasound-Guided Peripheral Venous Access: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Stolz Lori A , Stolz Uwe , Howe Carol , Farrell Isaac J , Adhikari Srikar 
Published: February 2015

Objectives The objective of this study was to determine through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis whether success rates, time to cannulation, and number of punctures required for peripheral venous access are improved with ultrasound guidance compared with traditional techniques in patients with difficult peripheral venous access. Methods We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cumulative Index to Nursing, and Allied Health Literature. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: patients of any age identified as having difficult peripheral venous access; real-time ultrasound guidance was used for peripheral venous cannulation; and inclusion of at least one of these outcomes (success rates, time to successful cannulation and number of punctures required). Results Seven studies were selected for final analysis. Ultrasound guidance improved success rates when compared with traditional techniques [pooled odds ratio (OR) 3.96; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.75-8.94]. No significant difference between ultrasound-guided techniques and traditional techniques was detected for time to cannulation or number of punctures required. Conclusions In patients with difficult peripheral venous access, ultrasound guidance increased success rates of peripheral venous placement when compared with traditional techniques. However, ultrasound guidance had no effect on time to successful cannulation or number of punctures required for successful cannulation.
Duration and Magnitude of Myofascial Release in 3-Dimensional Bioengineered Tendons: Effects on Wound Healing
Authors: Cao Thanh V. , Hicks Michael R. , Zein-Hammoud Manal , Standley Paul R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractContext:Myofascial release (MFR) is one of the most commonly used manual manipulative treatments for patients with soft tissue injury. However, a paucity of basic science evidence has been published to support any particular mechanism that may contribute to reported clinical efficacies of MFR.Objective:To investigate the effects of duration and magnitude of MFR strain on wound healing in bioengineered tendons (BETs) in vitro.Methods:The BETs were cultured on a deformable matrix and then wounded with a steel cutting tip. Using vacuum pressure, they were then strained with a modeled MFR paradigm. The duration of MFR dose consisted of a slow-loading strain that stretched the BETs 6% beyond their resting length, held them for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 minutes, and then slowly released them back to baseline. To assess the effects of MFR magnitude, the BETs were stretched to 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12% beyond resting length, held for 90 seconds, and then released back to baseline. Repeated measures of BET width and the wound's area, shape, and major and minor axes were quantified using microscopy over a 48-hour period.Results:An 11% and 12% reduction in BET width were observed in groups with a 9% (0.961 mm;P<.01) and 12% (0.952 mm;P<.05) strain, respectively. Reduction of the minor axis of the wound was unrelated to changes in BET width. In the 3% strain group, a statistically significant decrease (−40%;P<.05) in wound size was observed at 24 hours compared with 48 hours in the nonstrain, 6% strain, and 9% strain groups. Longer duration of MFR resulted in rapid decreases in wound size, which were observed as early as 3 hours after strain.Conclusion:Wound healing is highly dependent on the duration and magnitude of MFR strain, with a lower magnitude and longer duration leading to the most improvement. The rapid change in wound area observed 3 hours after strain suggests that this phenomenon is likely a result of the modification of the existing matrix protein architecture. These data suggest that MFR's effect on the extracellular matrix can potentially promote wound healing.
Seismic observation of an extremely magmatic accretion at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: Li Jiabiao , Jian Hanchao , Chen Yongshun John , Singh Satish C. , Ruan Aiguo , Qiu Xuelin , Zhao Minghui , Wang Xianguang , Niu Xiongwei , Ni Jianyu , Zhang Jiazheng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe oceanic crust is formed by a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes at mid‐ocean spreading centers. Under ultraslow spreading environment, however, observations of thin crust and mantle‐derived peridotites on the seafloor suggest that a large portion of crust is formed mainly by tectonic processes, with little or absence of magmatism. Using three‐dimensional seismic tomography at an ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge segment containing a central volcano at 50°28′E, here we report the presence of an extremely magmatic accretion of the oceanic crust. Our results reveal a low‐velocity anomaly (−0.6 km/s) in the lower crust beneath the central volcano, suggesting the presence of partial melt, which is accompanied by an unusually thick crust (~9.5 km). We also observe a strong along‐axis variation in crustal thickness from 9.5 to 4 km within 30–50 km distance, requiring a highly focused melt delivery from the mantle. We conclude that the extremely magmatic accretion is due to localized melt flow toward the central volcano, which was enhanced by the significant along‐axis variation in lithosphere thickness at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge.
Investigation of scaling properties of a thin current sheet by means of particle trajectories study
Authors: Sasunov Yu. L. , Khodachenko M. L. , Alexeev I. I. , Belenkaya E. S. , Semenov V. S. , Kubyshkin I. V. , Mingalev O. V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA thin current sheet (TCS), with the width of an order of thermal proton gyroradius, appears a fundamental physical object which plays an important role in structuring of major magnetospheric current systems (magnetotail, magnetodisk, etc.). The TCSs are nowadays under extensive study by means of space missions and theoretical models. We consider a simple model of the TCS separating two half‐spaces occupied by a homogenous magnetic field of opposite sign tangential to the TCS; a small normal component of the magnetic field is prescribed. An analytical solution for the electric current and plasma density in the close vicinity of the TCS has been obtained and compared with numerical simulation. The number density and the electric current profiles have two maxima each. The characteristic spatial scale zS of the maxima location was investigated as a function of initial pitch angle of an incoming charge particle. The effect of the thermal dispersion of the incoming proton beam have been taken into consideration.
New fully kinetic model for the study of electric potential, plasma, and dust above lunar landscapes
Authors: Dyadechkin S. , Kallio E. , Wurz P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe have developed a new fully kinetic electrostatic simulation, HYBes, to study how the lunar landscape affects the electric potential and plasma distributions near the surface and the properties of lifted dust. The model embodies new techniques that can be used in various types of physical environments and situations. We demonstrate the applicability of the new model in a situation involving three charged particle species, which are solar wind electrons and protons, and lunar photoelectrons. Properties of dust are studied with test particle simulations by using the electric fields derived from the HYBes model. Simulations show the high importance of the plasma and the electric potential near the surface. For comparison, the electric potential gradients near the landscapes with feature sizes of the order of the Debye length are much larger than those near a flat surface at different solar zenith angles. Furthermore, dust test particle simulations indicate that the landscape relief influences the dust location over the surface. The study suggests that the local landscape has to be taken into account when the distributions of plasma and dust above lunar surface are studied. The HYBes model can be applied not only at the Moon but also on a wide range of airless planetary objects such as Mercury, other planetary moons, asteroids, and nonactive comets.
Seasonal evolution of an ice‐shelf influenced fast‐ice regime, derived from an autonomous thermistor chain
Authors: Hoppmann M. , Nicolaus M. , Hunkeler P. A. , Heil P. , Behrens L.‐K. , König‐Langlo G. , Gerdes R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIce shelves strongly interact with coastal Antarctic sea ice and the associated ecosystem by creating conditions favorable to the formation of a sub‐ice platelet layer. The close investigation of this phenomenon and its seasonal evolution remains a challenge due to logistical constraints and a lack of suitable methodology. In this study, we characterize the seasonal cycle of Antarctic fast ice adjacent to the Ekström Ice Shelf in the eastern Weddell Sea. We used a thermistor chain with the additional ability to record the temperature response induced by cyclic heating of resistors embedded in the chain. Vertical sea‐ice temperature and heating profiles obtained daily between November 2012 and February 2014 were analyzed to determine sea‐ice and snow evolution, and to calculate the basal energy budget. The residual heat flux translated into an ice‐volume fraction in the platelet layer of 0.18 ± 0.09, which we reproduced by a independent model simulation and agrees with earlier results. Manual drillings revealed an average annual platelet‐layer thickness increase of at least 4 m, and an annual maximum thickness of 10 m beneath second‐year sea ice. The oceanic contribution dominated the total sea‐ice production during the study, effectively accounting for up to 70% of second‐year sea‐ice growth. In summer, an oceanic heat flux of 21 W m−2 led to a partial thinning of the platelet layer. Our results further show that the active heating method, in contrast to the acoustic sounding approach, is well suited to derive the fast‐ice mass balance in regions influenced by ocean/ice‐shelf interaction, as it allows subdiurnal monitoring of the platelet‐layer thickness.
Modeled alongshore circulation and force balances onshore of a submarine canyon
Authors: Hansen Jeff E. , Raubenheimer Britt , List Jeffrey H. , Elgar Steve 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlongshore force balances, including the role of nonlinear advection, in the shoaling and surf zones onshore of a submarine canyon are investigated using a numerical modeling system (Delft3D/SWAN). The model is calibrated with waves and alongshore flows recorded over a period of 1.5 months at 26 sites along the 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 m depth contours spanning about 2 km of coast. Field observation‐based estimates of the alongshore pressure and radiation‐stress gradients are reproduced well by the model. Model simulations suggest that the alongshore momentum balance is between the sum of the pressure and radiation‐stress gradients and the sum of the nonlinear advective terms and bottom stress, with the remaining terms (e.g., wind stress and turbulent mixing) being negligible. The simulations also indicate that unexplained residuals in previous field‐based estimates of the momentum balance may be owing to the neglect of the nonlinear advective terms, which are similar in magnitude to the sum of the forcing (pressure and radiations stress gradients) and to the bottom stress.
Intercomparison of total precipitable water measurements made by satellite‐borne microwave radiometers and ground‐based GPS instruments
Authors: Mears Carl A. , Wang Junhong , Smith Deborah , Wentz Frank J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHigh‐quality, high temporal resolution measurements of total precipitable water (TPW) can be made by evaluating the vapor‐dependent delay of radio signals reaching land‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers from GPS satellites. These measurements are available since the mid‐1990s when the GPS system became operational. Over the world's oceans, satellite‐borne microwave imaging radiometers have been making measurements of TPW for more than 25 years. In this work, we perform an intercomparison of collocated TPW measurements made by these two disparate systems using measurements from 26 GPS stations located on small islands. The two types of measurements agree well, with typical satellite‐station mean differences of less than 1.0 kg m−2. Analysis revealed several cases of inhomogeneities in the GPS data set, and two deficiencies in the Remote Sensing Systems satellite data, demonstrating the usefulness of intercomparison for improving the accuracy of both types of data. After the individual station, biases were removed, the standard deviation of the overall differences between individual satellites and GPS measurements ranged between 1.60 and 1.94 kg m−2. Twelve GPS stations had overlap time periods long enough to evaluate difference trends, yielding 59 satellite‐station pairs when paired with different satellites. More than half of the pairs (39 of 59) did not show a significant trend. The 20 pairs with significant trends did not show trends of predominantly one sign, suggesting that neither system is plagued by a system‐wide drift in TPW.
Sulfuric acid nucleation: An experimental study of the effect of seven bases
Authors: Glasoe W. A. , Volz K. , Panta B. , Freshour N. , Bachman R. , Hanson D. R. , McMurry P. H. , Jen C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNucleation of particles with sulfuric acid, water, and nitrogeneous bases was studied in a flow reactor. Sulfuric acid and water levels were set by flows over sulfuric acid and water reservoirs, respectively, and the base concentrations were determined from measured permeation rates and flow dilution ratios. Particle number distributions were measured with a nano‐differential‐mobility‐analyzer system. Results indicate that the nucleation capability of NH3, methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine with sulfuric acid increases from NH3 as the weakest, methylamine next, and dimethylamine and trimethylamine the strongest. Three other bases were studied, and experiments with triethylamine showed that it is less effective than methylamine, and experiments with urea and acetamide showed that their capabilities are much lower than the amines with acetamide having basically no effect. When both NH3 and an amine were present, nucleation was more strongly enhanced than with just the amine present. Comparisons of nucleation rates to predictions and previous experimental work are discussed, and the sulfuric acid‐base nucleation rates measured here are extrapolated to atmospheric conditions. The measurements suggest that atmospheric nucleation rates are significantly affected by synergistic interactions between ammonia and amines.
Multiyear ice replenishment in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago: 1997–2013
Authors: Howell Stephen E. L. , Derksen Chris , Pizzolato Larissa , Brady Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), multiyear ice (MYI) replenishment from first‐year ice aging (CAAMYI‐Oct‐1) and Arctic Ocean MYI exchange (CAAMYI‐exchange) contribute to the CAA's relatively heavy sea ice conditions at the end of the summer melt season. We estimate these components using RADARSAT and the Canadian Ice Service Digital Archive and explore processes responsible for interannual variability from 1997 to 2013. CAAMYI‐Oct‐1 (52 ± 36 × 103 km2) provides a larger contribution than CAAMYI‐exchange (13 ± 11 × 103 km2). CAAMYI‐Oct‐1 represents ∼10% of the amount that occurs in the Arctic Ocean. CAAMYI‐exchange represents ∼50% of Nares Strait MYI export to Baffin Bay and ∼12% of Fram Strait MYI export to the Greenland Sea. CAAMYI‐Oct‐1 exhibits dependence on warmer (cooler) summers that increase (decrease) melt evident from strong relationships to surface air temperature (SAT), albedo and total absorbed solar radiation (Qtotal). CAAMYI‐exchange is influenced by summer sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies over the Beaufort Sea and Canadian Basin which shifts the primary source of CAAMYI‐exchange between less obstructed M'Clure Strait (low SLP anomalies) and the more obstructed Queen Elizabeth Islands (high SLP anomalies). Over the 17‐record, appreciable replenishment occurred for most years from 1997 to 2004, reduced replenishment from 2005 to 2012, and large replenishment in 2013. The reduced replenishment period was associated with positive SAT, negative albedo, and positive Qtotal anomalies that facilitated more melt and less CAAMYI‐Oct‐1, together with high SLP anomalies that facilitated less CAAMYI‐exchange. Large replenishment in 2013 was primarily from CAAMYI‐Oct‐1 attributed to strongly negative SAT and Qtotal anomalies and strongly positive albedo that impeded melt.
Synthesis of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Melamine Analysis in Milk by HPLC with Diode Array Detection
Authors: Figueiredo Leandro , Santos Lúcia , Alves Arminda 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTA molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for melamine was prepared by suspension polymerization, using melamine as a template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross‐linker. The optimal template/monomer and monomer/cross‐linker ratios were obtained, being defined as 1/15 and 1/12, respectively. Molecular recognition properties and binding capacity toward melamine were evaluated by adsorption tests. Compared with the nonimprinted polymer, the imprinted polymer showed higher affinity for melamine with a dissociation constant (Kd) and a maximum binding concentration of 568.4 ± 7.4 μmol/L and 96.8 ± 2.3 μmol/g, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the imprinted polymer was used as a dispersive extraction sorbent to extract melamine from different milk samples, before high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) analysis. The validated method presented a limit of detection of 0.6 mg/kg. From the analysis of six different milks, melamine was detected in two of the considered samples at a maximum concentration of 9.3 ± 0.3 mg/kg.