bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relative impact of attribute, severity, and timing of psychological contract breach on behavioral and attitudinal outcomes
Authors: Eckerd Stephanie , Hill James , Boyer Kenneth K. , Donohue Karen , Ward Peter T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA psychological contract defines the perceived reciprocal obligations that characterize a relationship between an individual and organizational entity. Breach of a psychological contract can negatively affect work behaviors and attitudinal perceptions, and may also elicit an emotional response (violation) which can help to explain these negative consequences. This research focuses on the role of psychological contracts in a supply chain setting. We explore when and how three conditions of psychological contract breach – attribute, severity, and timing – negatively impact outcomes, and assess the mediating role of psychological contract violation in this relationship. To evaluate our hypotheses, we employ a laboratory experiment in which participants assume the role of a purchasing manager. We impose various breach factors and observe their relative impact on the decision‐making behavior and fairness perceptions of the participant. We show that while the breach factors significantly impact task behavior, these relationships are not explained by psychological contract violation. However, violation is useful in explaining, in part, the results pertaining to fairness perceptions.
Behavioural response of wheat bulb fly (Delia coarctata, Diptera: Anthomyiidae) larvae to the primary plant metabolite carbon dioxide
Authors: Rogers C.D. , Evans K.A. , Parker J. , Pappa V.A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWheat bulb fly (WBF) larvae use chemotaxis to orientate towards host-plant root exudates. This study aimed to investigate the role of the primary plant metabolite carbon dioxide (CO2) in host-plant location by WBF. Arena based behavioural experiments were used to identify whether CO2induced chemotaxis (directional movement in response to a chemical stimulus) or kinesis (non-directional movement in response to a stimulus) from WBF larvae. No chemotactic response was observed when larvae were presented to a point source of CO2. However, elevated levels of CO2induced kinesis, with both track length and tortuosity (number of twists and turns in the movement path) increasing at elevated CO2levels of 1000–2000 ppm, demonstrating increased searching behaviour. Soil emission of CO2was quantified to compare soil levels with those identified as eliciting behavioural effects on the larvae. Samples removed from soil gave a mean CO2concentration of 557 (±46) ppm, which is lower than the lowest concentration of CO2found to induce a behavioural response and higher than the lowest CO2concentration tested, which was found not to alter behaviour. It is proposed that increased CO2concentrations in the soil act as a behavioural trigger, inducing intensive searching of an area by WBF larvae. This increases the likelihood of finding more host-specific identifiers, such as secondary metabolites when near a potential host-plant.
Cognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression: a population-based study
Authors: Pantzar A. , Laukka E. J. , Atti A. R. , Fastbom J. , Fratiglioni L. , Bäckman L. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThere is substantial variability in the degree of cognitive impairment among older depressed persons. Inconsistencies in previous findings may be due to differences in clinical and demographic characteristics across study samples. We assessed the influence of unipolar depression and severity of depression on cognitive performance in a population-based sample of elderly persons aged ⩾60 years.MethodEighty-nine persons fulfilled ICD-10 criteria for unipolar depression (mild, n = 48; moderate, n = 38; severe, n = 3) after thorough screening for dementia (DSM-IV criteria), psychiatric co-morbidities and antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Participants (n = 2486) were administered an extensive cognitive test battery.ResultsModerate/severe unipolar depression was associated with poorer performance on tasks assessing processing speed, attention, executive function, verbal fluency, episodic memory and vocabulary. Mild depression was associated with poorer performance in processing speed, and few differences between mild and moderate/severe depression were observed. No association between depression and short-term memory, general knowledge or spatial ability was observed. Increasing age did not exacerbate the depression-related cognitive deficits, and the deficits remained largely unchanged after excluding persons in a preclinical phase of dementia. Furthermore, depression-related cognitive deficits were not associated with other pharmacological treatments that may affect cognitive performance.ConclusionsCognitive deficits in unipolar old-age depression involve a range of domains and the cognitive deficits seem to follow the spectrum of depression severity. The finding that mild depression was also associated with poorer cognitive functioning underscores the importance of detecting mild depression in elderly persons.
Disputed episcopacy: Bede, Acca, and the relationship between Stephen's Life of St Wilfrid and the early prose Lives of St Cuthbert
Authors: Stancliffe Clare 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article investigates the relationship of the Wilfrid and Cuthbert Lives, confirming that Bede re-presented the life of Cuthbert in response to Wilfridian criticism. It then examines why that was necessary c. 720, arguing that it fits not just with a probable episcopal interregnum at Lindisfarne after Eadfrith's death, as suggested by Kirby, but also with Acca's promotion of St Oswald and Heavenfield, which undercut Lindisfarne's cult of St Cuthbert and status as the mother church of Bernicia. At stake were both Lindisfarne's survival as an episcopal see and its distinctive type of monkbishops. These represented a different model of episcopacy, championed by Bede, from that espoused by the Wilfridians.
Topological flatness of local models for ramified unitary groups. II. The even dimensional case
Authors: Smithling Brian D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLocal models are schemes, defined in terms of linear-algebraic moduli problems, which are used to model the étale-local structure of integral models of certain$p$-adic PEL Shimura varieties defined by Rapoport and Zink. In the case of a unitary similitude group whose localization at${ \mathbb{Q} }_{p} $is ramified, quasi-split$G{U}_{n} $, Pappas has observed that the original local models are typically not flat, and he and Rapoport have introduced new conditions to the original moduli problem which they conjecture to yield a flat scheme. In a previous paper, we proved that their new local models are topologically flat when$n$is odd. In the present paper, we prove topological flatness when$n$is even. Along the way, we characterize the$\mu $-admissible set for certain cocharacters$\mu $in types$B$and$D$, and we show that for these cocharacters admissibility can be characterized in a vertexwise way, confirming a conjecture of Pappas and Rapoport.
Oral Electromyography Activation Patterns for Speech Are Similar in Preschoolers Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Walsh Bridget , Smith Anne 
Published: July 2013

Purpose
In this study, the authors determined whether basic patterns of muscle activation for speech were similar in preschool children who stutter and in their fluent peers.

Method
Right and left lower lip muscle activity were recorded during conversational speech and sentence repetition in 64 preschool children diagnosed as stuttering (CWS) and in 40 children who do not stutter (CWNS). Measures of electromyography (EMG) amplitude, right–left asymmetry, and bilateral coordination were computed for fluent speech. The potential presence of tremor-like oscillations during disfluencies of CWS was assessed, and EMG amplitudes of fluent and disfluent speech were compared in CWS.

Results
Across both speaking tasks, lip muscle activation was similar in CWS and CWNS in overall amplitude, bilateral synchrony, and degree of right–left asymmetry. EMG amplitude was reduced during disfluent compared with fluent conversational speech of CWS, and there was no evidence of tremor in the disfluencies of CWS.

Conclusion
These results support the assertion that stuttering in young children arises not from basic features of muscle contraction but rather from the command signals that control the timing and amplitude of muscle activity. The results indicate that no frank abnormality is present in muscle activation patterns in preschoolers who stutter.
Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries
Authors: Hollowed Anne B. , Barange Manuel , Beamish Richard J. , Brander Keith , Cochrane Kevern , Drinkwater Kenneth , Foreman Michael G. G. , Hare Jonathan A. , Holt Jason , Ito Shin-ichi , Kim Suam , King Jacquelynne R. , Loeng Harald , MacKenzie Brian R. , Mueter Franz J. , Okey Thomas A. , Peck Myron A. , Radchenko Vladimir I. , Rice Jake C. , Schirripa Michael J. , Yatsu Akihiko , Yamanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Hollowed, A. B., Barange, M., Beamish, R., Brander, K., Cochrane, K., Drinkwater, K., Foreman, M., Hare, J., Holt, J., Ito, S-I., Kim, S., King, J., Loeng, H., MacKenzie, B., Mueter, F., Okey, T., Peck, M. A., Radchenko, V., Rice, J., Schirripa, M., Yatsu, A., and Yamanaka, Y. 2013. Projected impacts of climate change on marine fish and fisheries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1023–1037. This paper reviews current literature on the projected effects of climate change on marine fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities throughout the northern hemisphere. The review addresses the following issues: (i) expected impacts on ecosystem productivity and habitat quantity and quality; (ii) impacts of changes in production and habitat on marine fish and shellfish species including effects on the community species composition, spatial distributions, interactions, and vital rates of fish and shellfish; (iii) impacts on fisheries and their associated communities; (iv) implications for food security and associated changes; and (v) uncertainty and modelling skill assessment. Climate change will impact fish and shellfish, their fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities through a complex suite of linked processes. Integrated interdisciplinary research teams are forming in many regions to project these complex responses. National and international marine research organizations serve a key role in the coordination and integration of research to accelerate the production of projections of the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems and to move towards a future where relative impacts by region could be compared on a hemispheric or global level. Eight research foci were identified that will improve the projections of climate impacts on fish, fisheries, and fishery-dependent communities.
Probing Arabidopsis Chloroplast Diacylglycerol Pools by Selectively Targeting Bacterial Diacylglycerol Kinase to Suborganellar Membranes
Authors: Muthan Bagyalakshmi , Roston Rebecca L. , Froehlich John E. , Benning Christoph 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDiacylglycerol (DAG) is an intermediate in metabolism of both triacylglycerols and membrane lipids. Probing the steady-state pools of DAG and understanding how they contribute to the synthesis of different lipids is important when designing plants with altered lipid metabolism. However, traditional methods of assaying DAG pools are difficult, because its abundance is low and because fractionation of subcellular membranes affects DAG pools. To manipulate and probe DAG pools in an in vivo context, we generated multiple stable transgenic lines of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that target an Escherichia coli DAG kinase (DAGK) to each leaflet of each chloroplast envelope membrane. E. coli DAGK is small, self inserts into membranes, and has catalytic activity on only one side of each membrane. By comparing whole-tissue lipid profiles between our lines, we show that each line has an individual pattern of DAG, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and triacylglycerol steady-state levels, which supports an individual function of DAG in each membrane leaflet. Furthermore, conversion of DAG in the leaflets facing the chloroplast intermembrane space by DAGK impairs plant growth. As a result of DAGK presence in the outer leaflet of the outer envelope membrane, phosphatidic acid accumulation is not observed, likely because it is either converted into other lipids or removed to other membranes. Finally, we use the outer envelope-targeted DAGK line as a tool to probe the accessibility of DAG generated in response to osmotic stress.
Determinants of extinction‐colonization dynamics inMediterranean butterflies: the role of landscape, climate and local habitat features
Authors: Fernández‐Chacón Albert , Stefanescu Constantí , Genovart Meritxell , Nichols James D. , Hines James E. , Páramo Ferran , Turco Marco , Oro Daniel 
Published: July 2013

SummaryMany species are found today in the form of fragmented populations occupying patches of remnant habitat in human‐altered landscapes. The persistence of these population networks requires a balance between extinction and colonization events assumed to be primarily related to patch area and isolation, but the contribution of factors such as the characteristics of patch and matrix habitats, the species' traits (habitat specialization and dispersal capabilities) and variation in climatic conditions have seldom been evaluated simultaneously.The identification of environmental variables associated with patch occupancy and turnover may be especially useful to enhance the persistence of multiple species under current global change. However, for robust inference on occupancy and related parameters, we must account for detection errors, a commonly overlooked problem that leads to biased estimates and misleading conclusions about population dynamics.Here, we provide direct empirical evidence of the effects of different environmental variables on the extinction and colonization rates of a rich butterfly community in the western Mediterranean. The analysis was based on a 17‐year data set containing detection/nondetection data on 73 butterfly species for 26 sites in north‐eastern Spain. Using multiseason occupancy models, which take into account species' detectability, we were able to obtain robust estimates of local extinction and colonization probabilities for each species and test the potential effects of site covariates such as the area of suitable habitat, topographic variability, landscape permeability around the site and climatic variability in aridity conditions.Results revealed a general pattern across species with local habitat composition and landscape features as stronger predictors of occupancy dynamics compared with topography and local aridity. Increasing area of suitable habitat in a site strongly decreased local extinction risks and, for a number of species, both higher amounts of suitable habitat and more permeable landscapes increased colonization rates. Nevertheless, increased topographic variability decreased the extinction risk of bad dispersers, a group of species with significantly lower colonization rates.Our models predicted higher sensitivity of the butterfly assemblages to deterministic changes in habitat features rather than to stochastic weather patterns, with some relationships being clearly dependent on the species' traits.
Prostate bed motion may cause geographic miss in post‐prostatectomy image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Bell Linda J , Cox Jennifer , Eade Thomas , Rinks Marianne , Kneebone Andrew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionThere is little data to guide radiation oncologists on appropriate margin selection in the post‐prostatectomy setting. The aim of this study was to quantify interfraction variation in motion of the prostate bed to determine these margins.MethodsThe superior and inferior surgical clips in the prostate bed were tracked on pretreatment cone beam CT images (n = 377) for 40 patients who had received post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy. Prostate bed motion was calculated for the upper and lower segments by measuring the position of surgical clips located close to midline relative to bony anatomy in the axial (translational) and sagittal (tilt) planes. The frequency of potential geographic misses was calculated for either 1 cm or 0.5 cm posterior planning target volume margins.ResultsThe mean magnitude of movement of the prostate bed in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior and left–right planes, respectively, were as follows: upper portion, 0.50 cm, 0.28 cm, 0.10 cm; lower portion, 0.18 cm, 0.18 cm, 0.08 cm. The random and systematic errors, respectively, of the prostate bed motion in the anterior–posterior, superior–inferior and left–right planes, respectively, were as follows: upper portion, 0.47 cm and 0.50 cm, 0.28 cm and 0.27 cm, 0.11 cm and 0.11 cm; lower portion, 0.17 cm and 0.18 cm, 0.17 cm and 0.19 cm, 0.08 cm and 0.10 cm. Most geographic misses occurred in the upper prostate bed in the anterior–posterior plane. The median prostate bed tilt was 1.8° (range −23.4° to 42.3°).ConclusionsVariability was seen in all planes for the movement of both surgical clips. The greatest movement occurred in the anterior–posterior plane in the upper prostate bed, which could cause geographic miss of treatment delivery. The variability in the movement of the superior and inferior clips indicates a prostate bed tilt that would be difficult to correct with standard online matching techniques. This creates a strong argument for using anisotropic planning target volume margins in post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy.
Antecedents of manic versus other first psychotic episodes in 263 bipolar I disorder patients
Authors: Salvatore P. , Baldessarini R. J. , Khalsa H.‐M. K. , Vázquez G. , Perez J. , Faedda G. L. , Amore M. , Maggini C. , Tohen M. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveAs initial episode type can predict later morbidity in bipolar disorder, we tested the hypothesis that clinical antecedents might predict initial episode types.MethodWe studied 263 first‐episode, adult, DSM‐IV‐TR type I bipolar disorder (BD‐I) subjects within the McLean‐Harvard‐International First‐Episode Project. Based on blinded assessments of antecedents from SCID examinations and clinical records, we compared first lifetime manic vs. other (mixed, depressive, or non‐affective) major psychotic episodes.ResultsWe identified 32 antecedents arising at early, intermediate or later times, starting 12.3 ± 10.7 years prior to first lifetime major psychotic episodes. Based on multivariate modeling, antecedents associated significantly and independently with other (n = 113) more than manic (n = 150) first lifetime major psychotic episodes ranked by odds ratio: more early attentional disturbances, more late depression, more early perplexity, more detoxification, more early unstable mixed affects, more antidepressants, more early dysphoria, more intermediate depression, more early impulsivity, more late anhedonia, longer early‐to‐intermediate intervals, more intermediate substance abuse, more family history of major depression, and younger at earliest antecedents. Antecedents selectively preceding manic more than other first psychotic episodes included more late behavioral problems and more risk of familial BD‐I.ConclusionClinical antecedents in adult, BD‐I patients, beginning a decade before first major episodes and progressing through sequential stages were dissimilar in manic vs. other first psychotic episodes.
Sustained Increase in the Oral Bioavailability of Loperamide after a Single Oral Dose of HM30181, a P‐glycoprotein Inhibitor, in Healthy Male Participants
Authors: Cha Yu‐Jung , Lee Howard , Gu Namyi , Kim Tae‐Eun , Lim Kyoung S. , Yoon Seo H. , Chung Jae‐Yong , Jang In‐Jin , Shin Sang‐Goo , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Cho Joo‐Youn 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHM30181 is a new P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HM30181 and its duration of action on P‐gp inhibition using loperamide as a probe drug. An open‐label, five‐period, fixed‐sequence, cross‐over study was conducted in 25 healthy Korean participants, who received a single oral dose of loperamide at 16 mg in five periods lasting for 17 days. In period II, participants also randomly received a single oral dose of HM30181 at 1, 5, 10, 15 mg simultaneously with loperamide. Serial pharmacokinetic blood samples were obtained up to 72 and 336 hr after loperamide and HM30181 administration, respectively. A mixed‐effects analysis was performed to compare the area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time 0 to 72 hr (AUC0–72 hr) between periods and HM30181 dose groups. Tolerability was also assessed. The AUC0–72 hr of repeatedly administered loperamide was significantly increased 1.18–1.62 times for up to 14 days after a single oral administration of HM30181, particularly at doses ≥10 mg although the between‐group difference failed to reach statistical significance. Plasma HM30181 was not detected in many participants including none at any sampling points beyond 48 hr after administration. Most adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate and resolved spontaneously. The oral bioavailability of loperamide was significantly enhanced by a single oral administration of HM30181, which was sustained for up to 14 days. HM30181 was well tolerated in this selected population.
How I manage heavy menstrual bleeding
Authors: Pai Menaka , Chan Anthony , Barr Ronald 
Published: July 2013

SummaryHeavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common clinical problem; population‐based studies estimate that approximately 10–35% of women report this symptom during their lifetime, while about 5% of women consult a physician for evaluation of HMB. Patients with HMB account for 15% of all referrals to gynaecologists and are frequently seen by haematologists in bleeding disorder clinics as well. Heavy menstrual bleeding can be caused by a wide variety of local and systemic factors, so a careful clinical and laboratory evaluation is often necessary to determine the aetiology and guide appropriate management. This review discusses the definition, causes and clinical outcomes of HMB. It outlines a diagnostic approach and focuses on medical (as opposed to surgical) treatments. Throughout, areas of controversy and opportunities for further research are highlighted.
Imagine your bedroom is the entrance to the zoo
Authors: Hart Nick D. , Robbins Lorna 
Published: July 2013

Accessible summary

Service users who have suffered from anxiety issues were offered relaxation sessions.

Three main techniques were used in a creative way.

Relaxation methods can help adults with learning difficulties reduce anxiety.

SummaryOver an 18‐month period, a group of adult service users with mild to moderate learning disabilities referred to the Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, and who were identified as suffering from anxiety‐related disorders, attended a 12‐week course of relaxation therapy and the results recorded. To remain true to person‐centred values, a creative approach was taken in delivery of the core relaxation techniques. Three core techniques were used: controlled breathing; guided imagery; and progressive muscle relaxation. These were creatively adapted to each individual. Results were recorded using the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale (CUXOS) measurement tool and pulse readings taken using a pulse oximeter. The results indicated an overall decrease in physical and psychological symptoms of anxiety. It was concluded that relaxation therapy can be beneficial to this client group, especially when used in a creative and person‐centred way.