bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buffering capacity of common feedstuffs used in ruminant diets
Authors: Montañez-Valdez Oziel D , Solano-Gama José de Jesús , Martínez-Tinajero Jaime J , Guerra-Medina Cándido Enrique , Ley de Coss Alejandro , Orozco-Hernandez Rogelio 
Published: August 2024

Summary Background: buffer substances are commonly used in cattle nutrition. However, factors such as buffer type and amount added do not take into account the intrinsic buffering capacity of other dietary ingredients. Objective: to determine the buffering capacity (BC) of 25 commonly used energy and protein feedstuffs as well as additives, silages, and forage ingredients. Methods: BC was measured using the technique described by Jasaitis et al. (1988). Results are expressed in milliequivalents of hydrochloric acid required to generate a unit change in pH in the original feed sample. Results: the results of this study are in agreement with those reported by other authors. Conclusion: protein feedstuffs resulted in the highest BC values, followed by forages, while energy ingredients showed the lowest results.Key words: buffering value index, cattle, nutrition. Resumen Antecedentes: la utilización de sustancias amortiguadoras es común en nutrición bovina, sin embargo, factores como la cantidad y tipo de amortiguador utilizado no tienen en cuenta la capacidad amortiguadora intrínseca de los ingredientes utilizados en la dieta. Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad amortiguadora (CA) de 25 ingredientes de tipo energético, proteico, ensilados, aditivos y forrajes comúnmente utilizados en dietas para rumiantes. Métodos: la CA se determinò mediante la técnica descrita por Jasaitis et al. (1988) expresando los resultados en miliequivalentes de ácido clorhídrico requerido para producir un cambio en una unidad de pH de la muestra original de alimento. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos son similares a los reportados por otros autores. Conclusiones: los ingredientes que fueron clasificados como proteicos presentan una CA elevada, los forrajes presentan una CA intermedia, en comparación con los energéticos que presentan una CA baja. Palabras clave: índice de capacidad tampón, ganado, nutrición. Resumo Antecedentes: a utilizacào de substancias tampào em gado é comum, no entanto, fatores como a quantidade e o tipo de tampào utilizado nào ter em conta a capacidade tampào intrínseca dos ingredientes utilizados na dieta. Objetivo: avaliar a capacidade tampào (CA) de 25 ingredientes de tipo energético, proteico, silagem, aditivos e pastagens comunmente utilizados em dietas para ruminantes. Métodos: o CT é determinado pela técnica descrita por Jasaitis et al. (1988) apresentando os resultados em miliequivalentes de ácido clorídrico necessário para produzir uma mudanca em uma unidade de pH da amostra original do alimento. Resultados: os resultados obtidos foram similares com outros estudos anteriormente reportados por outros autores. Conclusoes: os ingredientes que foram classificados como proteicos apresentam um alto CT, aqueles que sua origen é o forragem tém uma CT intermediària, e os ingredientes energéticos tém um baixo CT. Palavras chave: índice de capacidade tampào, gado, nutriqáo.
Agroforestería Pecuaria y Sistemas Silvopastoriles Intensivos (SSPi) para la adaptación ganadera al cambio climático con sostenibilidad
Authors: Murgueitio R Enrique , Chará Julián D , Solarte Antonio J , Uribe Fernando , Zapata Catalina , Rivera Julián E 
Published: August 2024

Summary Cattle ranching intensification with generation of environmental services should employ agroecological principles. Intensive silvopastoral systems (SSPI) are a good example of natural intensification that have a special place in the contemporary world to meet the growing food demand of society. This article discusses various agro-ecological principles that must be present in sustainable cattle ranching such as intentionality, integrity, interactivity and intensiveness; it also highlights recent information on climate change adaptation of livestock and environmental services that can be offered by livestock producers (carbon sequestration, biodiversity) and the way in which various projects can combine incentives for the urgent transformation of conventional livestock into sustainable silvopastoral models that promote climate change adaptation.Resumen La intensificación ganadera con generación de servicios ambientales debe emplear principios agroecológicos. Los Sistemas Silvopastoriles Intensivos (SSPi) constituyen un buen ejemplo de intensificación natural que tiene un lugar especial en el mundo contemporáneo para satisfacer la demanda creciente de alimentos de la sociedad. El artículo discute varios principios agroecológicos que deben estar presentes en la ganadería silvopastoril como la intencionalidad, intensividad integralidad e interactividad; también evidencia información reciente sobre la adaptación al cambio climático de la ganadería así como los servicios ambientales que pueden ofertar los productores ganaderos (captura de carbono, biodiversidad) y la forma en que varios proyectos permiten combinar incentivos para la urgente transformación de la ganadería convencional en modelos silvopastoriles sustentables que favorecen la adaptación al cambio climático.
Manajemen Desain Lingkungan Pada Program Kegiatan Pendidikan Paud Ramah Anak
Authors: Silma Humairo  , Muhammad Imam Khaudli  , Siti Aimah  
Published: August 2024

Manajemen desain lingkungan merupakan salah satu konsep manajemen yang diyakini oleh lembaga pendidikan PAUD sangat penting dan patut diajarkan kepada siswa. desain lingkungan untuk ruang dalam dan luar ruangan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tahun-tahun awal pendidikan merupakan masa keemasan karena perkembangan otak terjadi begitu cepat selama ini. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menjelaskan proses manajemen serta bentuk kegiatan dari desain lingkungan di PAUD Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program kegiatan pendidikan anak usia dini PAUD Darussalam Blokagung memiliki sistem manajemen desain lingkungan yang efektif untuk semua tahap perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan penilaian. Sedangkan bentuk manajemen desain lingkungan terdiri dari lingkungan belajar indoor dan lingkungan belajar outdoor. Lingkungan indoor terdiri dari ruangan tempat belajar, kantor dan toilet. Sedangkan lingkungan outdoor, pendidik tidak hanya megajarkan peserta didik melalui gambar dan narasi saja, tetapi juga mengajarkan secara verbal ke pemandangan lingkungan sekitar.
Penerapan Metode Bercerita dengan Pendekatan Ramah Anak untuk Mengembangkan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Ar Rahman
Authors: Rizqiyatul Fadilah  , Thorik Aziz  
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini menginvestigasi efektivitas metode bercerita dengan pendekatan ramah anak dalam mengembangkan kemampuan bahasa anak usia dini di PAUD Ar Rahman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan melakukan proses pengumpulan data melalui observasi partisipatif dan wawancara mendalam dengan pendidik serta orang tua. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengevaluasi interaksi antara anak dengan materi cerita dan dampaknya terhadap perkembangan bahasa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode bercerita, ketika diintegrasikan dalam pendekatan yang mendukung dan partisipatif, meningkatkan secara signifikan kosa kata, pemahaman mendengar, dan keterampilan ekspresi bahasa anak. Pendekatan ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan keterampilan sosial dan empati, menegaskan hubungan positif antara penggunaan cerita yang relevan dengan pengalaman sehari-hari anak dan peningkatan keterlibatan mereka dalam proses pembelajaran.
The Effect of Drying Temperature and Time on The Chemical Characteristic, Total Phenolic Content, and Organoleptic Properties of Black Garlic Herbal Tea
Authors: Kiptiyah Sakina Yeti , Widyananda Bina Indah , Khairiah Khairiah 
Published: August 2024

Black garlic is a functional food known to be beneficial for health. Most people favor the organoleptic properties produced, so it needs handling to improve, namely by drying, which produces black garlic herbal tea products. This study aims to determine the effect of drying temperature and time on chemical characteristics, total phenolic content, and the organoleptic properties of black garlic herbal tea. The experiment was conducted with a two-factor, completely randomized design. The first factor is drying temperature, which consists of two levels (50 and 60⁰C). The second factor is drying time, which consists of two levels (5 and 6 hours). The observation results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with DMRT further test at a 5 % confidence level. The results showed that black garlic herbal tea's temperature and drying time significantly affected chemical characteristics, total phenolic content, and color but had no significant effect on aroma, taste, and overall. The chemical characteristic results in the 60 ⁰C drying temperature for 6 hours contained 7.65 % moisture content, 2.98 % ash, and 4.06 mgGAE/g total phenolic content.
Impact of Droughts on Served Drinking Water Disparities in California, 2007–2020
Authors: Sum Sandy 
Published: August 2024

Objectives. To quantify the impact of droughts on drinking water arsenic and nitrate levels provided by community water systems (CWSs) in California and to assess whether this effect varies across sociodemographic subgroups. Methods. I integrated CWS characteristics, drought records, sociodemographic data, and regulatory drinking water samples (n = 83 317) from 2378 water systems serving 34.8 million residents from 2007 to 2020. I analyzed differential drought effects using fixed-effect regression analyses that cumulatively accounted for CWS-level trends, income, and agricultural measures. Results. CWSs serving majority Latino/a communities show persistently higher and more variable drinking water nitrate levels. Drought increased nitrate concentrations in majority Latino/a communities, with the effect doubling for CWSs with more than 75% Latino/a populations served. Arsenic concentrations in surface sources also increased during drought for all groups. Differential effects are driven by very small (< 500) and privately owned systems. Conclusions. Impending droughts driven by climate change may further increase drinking water disparities and arsenic threats. This underscores the critical need to address existing inequities in climate resilience planning and grant making. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(9):935–945. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307758 )
An Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Temperature and Confining Pressure on the Static and Dynamic Behaviors of Shale Rocks
Authors: Wang Zongjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To better understand the associated thermal and mechanical effects on the elastic behaviors of shale rocks, we examine the shale rocks at reservoir stress (static) and elastic conditions (dynamic) at varying temperature (25–110°C) and pressure (5–55 MPa) conditions through coupling dynamic–static experimental measurements. The results illustrate that the shale’s P- and S-wave velocities increase with the increasing confining pressure but decrease with the elevated temperature. For the pressure history, ultrasonic P-wave velocities upon hydrostatic unloading are slightly larger than the loading ones, whereas S-wave velocities are almost overlapping together. Meanwhile, the temperature elevation causes much less velocity reduction at a higher confining pressure than lower confining pressure. The measured data demonstrate that the static bulk modulus is more sensitive to the confining pressure than the dynamic bulk modulus. Moreover, with the elevated temperature, the dynamic bulk moduli separate by showing a decreasing trend in either hydrostatic loading or unloading. The loading–unloading cycle shows that the static bulk moduli present values approaching the dynamic ones at all temperature levels when the confining pressure is initially unloaded from the maximum pressure. Both static and dynamic bulk moduli decrease with the continued unloading, with more decrement for the static bulk modulus. The coupling effects of the pressure and temperature on the static and elastic properties of shale samples imply that, in the practical shale reservoir characterization process, temperature and pressure influences should be considered to characterize the relation of dynamic and static properties of shale rocks. The laboratory investigations on shales imply that the relation of dynamic and static properties is pressure dependent mainly due to the intrinsic behavior of fracture, soft pore, and microstructure in the rock frame.
Seismic evidence of lithospheric delamination in North America that caused the termination of basin subsidence
Authors: Yang Xiaotao , Liu Lijun , Goddard Andrea Stevens , Peng Lihang , Fischer Karen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The existence of cratonic basins indicates protracted periods of tectonic modification inside continental interiors. An enigmatic aspect of this global process is the inversion of cratonic basins with the cessation of subsidence. However, the driving force and mechanical process for subsidence termination in cratonic basins are unclear. Here, using full-wave ambient noise tomography, we reveal distinct seismic low-velocity anomalies below 60 km beneath the Illinois and Michigan Basins, where subsidence terminated in the latest Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic. These low-velocity volumes, surrounded by distinctly higher velocities, reflect infiltrated asthenospheric materials after lithospheric delamination. Geodynamic modeling shows that the emplacement of these buoyant asthenospheric materials would lead to an uplift of about 3.5 km, sufficient to terminate and reverse basin subsidence. The findings in this study document delamination in the North American midcontinent and demonstrate the important role of lithospheric delamination in the evolution of cratonic basins.
Antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of olive pomace's hydro-ethanolic extract and aqueous fraction using an animal model of diabetes produced by streptozotocin (STZ)
Authors: Benmeliani-Yousfi Fatiha , Guermouche Baya , BELYAGOUBI-BENHAMMOU Nabila , Kherraf Yamna , Benzazoua Nassima , Merzouk Hafida , Medjdoub Houria , Mokhtari-Soulimane Nassima 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Numerous studies have emphasized the role of olive pomace in the prevention of various health problems due to its antioxidant properties. In line with this, our study aimed to explore the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of the extracts.
Methods
The phytochemical study investigates the total phenolic content, tannin, and flavonoid levels, as well as the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extracts from olive pomace.
Results
The hydro-ethanolic extract exhibited levels of phenolic compounds, tannins, and flavonoids, with antioxidant potentials of 90.14 ± 15.55 mg GAE/g DW, 7.31 ± 0.96 mg CE/g DW, and 73.97 ± 1.08 mg QE/g DW, respectively. The antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH test showed an EC50 of 1.705 ± 0.023 mg/mL and a TAC of 45.41 ± 4.81 mg GAE/g DW. While the aqueous fraction showed 81 ± 13.99 mg GAE/g DW of phenolic compounds, 52.01 ± 3.41 mg QE/g DW of flavonoids, and 10.960 ± 0.966 mg CE/g DW of tannin, with an antioxidant activity tested by DPPH revealing an EC50 of 2.5 ± 0.04 mg GAE/mL and a TAC of 51.191 ± 3.72 mg GAE/g DW. The olive pomace has promoted insulin secretion and reduced glycemia levels. The polyphenols have thus demonstrated their antioxidant and cytoprotective potential by restoring the redox balance of organs and tissues and reducing oxidative damage caused by diabetes such as levels of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins. The histology of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas from treated rats showed a structure similar to that of the control group rats. However, the histology of these organs from the untreated rats presented alterations and inflammation due to streptozotocin's effect, such as infiltration of inflammatory cells, disruption of tissue architecture, and cellular necrosis.
Conclusion
The olive pomace extracts represent a potential source of pharmacological molecules for preserving cellular function, with a broad safety margin for therapeutic use.
Enhanced GNSS-acoustic positioning method implementing with constraints on underwater sound speed structure
Authors: Tomita Fumiaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

It is important to appropriately model underwater sound speed structures to detect seafloor displacements accurately using GNSS-acoustic seafloor geodetic observations. In recent years, various sea surface platforms (e.g., wave gliders) have been developed for GNSS-acoustic observations. Sub-mesoscale oceanic phenomena can be detected by simultaneously employing multiple sea surface platforms. However, the use of a single sea surface platform with slow navigation speeds may degrade the modeling accuracy of underwater sound speed structures, even when compared to conventional ship-based observations. Therefore, the development of a GNSS-acoustic positioning technique that expresses a complex underwater sound speed structure and simultaneously provides constraints on sound speed parameters, if necessary. This study arranges the observation equation by considering multiple-layered sound speed gradients and develops a GNSS-acoustic positioning scheme using a Bayesian framework. The performance of the proposed GNSS-acoustic positioning method was investigated using synthetic datasets. The proposed method successfully modeled a complex underwater sound speed structure (e.g., temporal variations in sound speed gradients) using a dataset collected by dual sea surface platforms, which is highly sensitive to the underwater sound speed structure. It also provides robust solutions, even for a dataset with low sensitivity, by appropriately introducing constraints on the sound speed parameters. Moreover, the proposed method was applicable to an actual observational dataset, and it was confirmed that the GNSS-acoustic positioning method under special conditions (assumption of a temporally constant single-layered sound speed gradient) in a previous study can be reproduced by the constraints in the proposed method. Thus, the proposed method enabled us to flexibly model the underwater sound speed structure and accurately detect seafloor displacements for various types of observation datasets. The proposed method was implemented in the open-source GNSS-acoustic positioning software "SeaGap.”
Effect of botanical extracts and salicylic acid on anthracnose incidence and associated physiological and biochemical attributes in guava
Authors: Kaur Taranpreet , Kaur Nirmaljit , Arora NK , Arora Anita , Kang Kirandeep Kaur 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The present studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of botanical extracts (neem, mint, turmeric and ginger) and salicylic acid on disease incidence and associated physiological and biochemical parameters against anthracnose disease in commercially available guava variety Allahabad Safeda. Three foliar applications of botanical extracts prepared from mint leaf (10, 20 and 30 gL− 1), neem leaf (10, 20 and 30 gL− 1), turmeric rhizome (5, 7.5 and 10 gL− 1), ginger rhizome (5, 7.5 and 10 gL− 1) and salicylic acid (5, 10 and 15 mgL− 1), were applied to the guava trees during flower bud appearance (mid-May), fully opened sepals (end of May) and 50% opened bloom stage (mid-June). Percent disease index (PDI) and physio-biochemical attributes were assessed at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and 90 DAS during 2022 and 2023. Neem @ 30 gL− 1 reduced the incidence of the disease to 11.52 per cent in the infected guava fruits as compared to the untreated control (31.53 per cent) and emerged as most effective against anthracnose. All other treatments at their highest concentration controlled the disease incidence in the guava fruits. Neem leaf extract @ 30 gL− 1 resulted in higher photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total soluble proteins, free amino acids, antioxidants (ascorbic acid, proline and α-tocopherol content) and lowered H2O2 and malondialdehyde content; with higher activities of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes as compared to untreated control. The organic acid and salicylic acid content was higher in the peels of fruits taken from trees treated with botanical extracts. This study can be further used to decipher the underlying molecular mechanism during anthracnose infection in guava and to further promote the green management strategy to reduce this disease.
Research on the Quantitative Relationship between Stress Shadow Effect of Multiple Thick and Hard Key Layers and Surface Subsidence
Authors: Luo Jianqiao , Shen Yupeng , Meng Xin , Yang Tuo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The treatment of surface structures such as villages and rivers that are affected by underground coal mining has long been a hot and difficult issue faced by coal mining, such as building cracking, foundation sinking, and even water body rupture and loss. With the further improvement of environmental protection requirements, some underground coal mines that do not have the conditions for filling and grouting are difficult to ensure the recovery of coal resources and control surface subsidence at the same time. In addition, a large number of common problems have emerged in the Yushen, Binchang mining areas, and some coal fields in Shanxi, seriously restricting the development of coal energy and environmental protection work. Through numerical simulation experiments and mechanical model theoretical calculations, the artificial buffer layer overlying rock structure control technology was proposed, and the stress and displacement evolution laws of various landmark rock layers under different mining method conditions were explored. Finally, it was concluded that choosing LCMTC for artificial buffer layer overlying rock structure control technology can effectively reduce the degree of surface overlying rock movement and improve the theoretical system of rock layer control, Provided theoretical guidance and mechanism explanation for on-site construction.
ClinMED-LLAMA3 A Large Model of Clinical Medicine Based on LLAMA3
Authors: Wei MingYi , Liu Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

ClinMED-LLAMA3 is a large language model designed specifically for the field of clinical medicine. Based on the LLAMA3-8B-Instruct model, it has been professionally adapted through supervised fine-tuning and LoRA technology. The novelty of this model lies in the construction of its dedicated clinical medicine 50K dataset and the establishment of the Alpaca dataset. Through dual verification by humans and AI, the high quality and diversity of the data are ensured, providing a rich set of clinical interactions for model training. The model also possesses the capability for offline private deployment, effectively addressing medical institutions' concerns about data privacy and security. ClinMED-LLAMA3 has been optimized in terms of energy consumption, reducing the demand for computational resources, while maintaining high performance.