bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood Environment and Urban Schoolchildren's Risk for Being Overweight
Authors: Whitaker Damiya , Milam Adam J. , Graham Camelia M. , Cooley-Strickland Michele , Belcher Harolyn M. , Furr-Holden C. Debra 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. Child and adolescent obesity is increasingly prevalent and predisposes risk for poor physical and psychosocial health. Physical and social factors in the environment, such as neighborhood disorder, may be associated with childhood obesity. This study examines the association between living in a disordered neighborhood and being overweight among a sample of urban schoolchildren. Design. Baseline interview data, including height, weight, and hip circumference, were obtained from 313 elementary school–aged participants in a community-based epidemiologic study. Setting. The setting was Baltimore, Maryland, a large metropolitan city. Subjects. Subjects were elementary school students ages 8 to 12 years. Measures. To assess neighborhood characteristics, independent evaluators conducted objective environmental assessments using the Neighborhood Inventory for Environmental Typology instrument on the block faces (defined as one side of a city block between two intersections) where the children resided. Analysis. Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between neighborhood disorder and children being overweight. Results. Neighborhood disorder showed a trend toward a statistically significant association with being overweight during childhood (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; confidence interval [CI], .99–1.07; p = .07) in the unadjusted model. Gender was significantly associated with being overweight, with female gender increasing the odds of being overweight by 50% in the sample (OR, 1.50; CI, 1.18–1.92; p < .01). After controlling for race, age, and comparative time spent on a sport, multivariable analyses revealed that gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.42; CI, 1.63–3.59; p < .01) and neighborhood disorder (AOR, 1.09; CI, 1.03–1.15; p < .01) were associated with being overweight. Further, an examination of interactions revealed girls (AOR, 2.40; CI, 1.65–3.49; p < .01) were more likely to be overweight compared with boys (AOR, 2.20; CI, 1.57–3.11; p < .01) living in neighborhoods with the same level of neighborhood disorder. Conclusion. Results suggest neighborhood hazards warrant additional consideration for their potential as obesogenic elements affecting gender-based disparities in weight among urban schoolchildren. Future studies in this area should include longitudinal examinations.
Smoke-Free Workplace Ballot Campaigns: Case Studies from Missouri and Lessons for Policy and Media Advocacy
Authors: Bach Laura E. , Shelton Sarah C. , Moreland-Russell Sarah , Israel Kendre 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To assess the key components of smoke-free campaigns that may have influenced voting outcomes in three communities. Design. Community case studies with content analysis of tobacco-related newspaper articles. Setting. Three semiurban Missouri communities. Subjects. One hundred eighty-one articles referencing tobacco published during the campaigns and five key informant interviews. Measures. Articles were coded for type, community referenced, tobacco control position, source of quotations, use of evidence, and frame. Semistructured interviews with key informants collected additional information. Analysis. Descriptive statistics were utilized to examine media coverage in each community. Key themes and events for each campaign were identified from qualitative interviews. Results. The only community that failed to pass its initiative had the highest proportion of letters to the editor (81.1%), anti–tobacco control articles (34.2%), use of a rights frame (28.8%), no evidence used (36.9%), no neighboring communities with policies, strong Tea Party presence, and no support from the chamber of commerce. Across all communities, more articles incorporating health frames were pro–tobacco control (70.7%) and more articles with a rights frame were anti–tobacco control (62.0%), compared to other positions. Conclusion. Several factors can influence the policy process. Tobacco control policy advocates facing strong opposition should consider the many factors (demographics, proximity to other adopting localities, politics) driving the debate and use media as an avenue to influence the discussion, connect with the public and policymakers, and mobilize proponents.
Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Weight Outcomes: Does Every Minute Count?
Authors: Fan Jessie X. , Brown Barbara B. , Hanson Heidi , Kowaleski-Jones Lori , Smith Ken R. , Zick Cathleen D. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to test if moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in less than the recommended ≥ 10-minute bouts related to weight outcomes. Design. Secondary data analysis. Setting. Random sample from the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants. A total of 4511 adults aged 18 to 64 years from the 2003–2006 NHANES. Method. Clinically measured body mass index (BMI) and overweight/obese status were regressed on accelerometer measures of minutes per day in higher-intensity long bouts (≥ 10 minutes, ≥ 2020 accelerometer counts per minute [cpm]), higher-intensity short bouts (< 10 minutes, ≥ 2020 cpm), lower-intensity long bouts (≥ 10 minutes, 760–2019 cpm), and lower-intensity short bouts (< 10 minutes, 760–2019 cpm). Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics were controlled. Results. Both higher-intensity short bouts and long bouts of PA related to lower BMI and risk of overweight/obesity. Neither lower-intensity short bouts nor long bouts related to BMI or risk of overweight/obesity Conclusion. The current ≥ 10-minute MVPA bouts guideline was based on health benefits other than weight outcomes. Our findings showed that for weight gain prevention, accumulated higher-intensity PA bouts of < 10 minutes are highly beneficial, supporting the public health promotion message that “every minute counts.”
Le droit de rétention en France et au Québec : une sûreté mobilière fonctionnelle
Authors: Benadiba Aurore 
Published: March 2013

Le droit de rétention, traditionnellement fondé sur la détention, se présente comme un réflexe naturel : l’individu refuse de donner satisfaction à celui qui n’honore pas ses propres engagements. Ce principe de justice privée a été intégré dans les codes civils québécois et français qui en comptent de multiples applications au point d’y voir un droit de rétention plural. Le lien de connexité entre la créance invoquée et la chose détenue en est la condition essentielle. Le Québec l’appréhende à la fois comme une exception d’inexécution et une priorité. La France, sans le qualifier clairement, le présente comme un des effets du gage avec et sans dépossession. Au-delà des aspects techniques comparatifs, l’auteure démontrera que le droit de rétention emporte les mêmes effets dans les deux droits : l’opposabilité à l’égard des tiers et même parfois au propriétaire non tenu à la dette. Selon l’auteure, le droit de rétention répondrait à une définition fonctionnelle de la notion de sûreté et mériterait d’être assujetti à une publicité.
Molecular weight determination of poly(phenylene sulfide ether)
Authors: Gu Aiqun , Li Zuocai , Yu Zili , Xu Lingjie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPoly(phenylene sulfide ether) and poly(phenylene sulfoxide ether sulfide ether) (PPSOESE) were successfully prepared and their structures were proved by several analytical techniques in the present work. The molecular weight (MW) of PPSOESE, a soluble polymer in common organic solvent at room temperature, was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Based on the conversion reaction of the two polymers, the MW of PPSE was calculated and correlated with its intrinsic viscosity. As a result, the Mark‐Houwink equation for PPSE was concluded. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Properties of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide) solvent polymer mixtures and nanofibers made by solution blow spinning
Authors: Oliveira Juliano E. , Moraes Eduardo A. , Marconcini José M. , C. Mattoso Luiz H. , Glenn Gregory M. , Medeiros Eliton S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe properties of mixtures of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were studied in polymer solutions by dilute solution viscometry, and in‐solution blow‐spun nanofibers were studied by microscopy (scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy) and thermal and spectral analysis. Three mixtures of PLA and PEO (3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) were solution‐blended in chloroform. Dilute solvent viscometry indicated that the 3:1 mixture of PLA and PEO had a higher miscibility coefficient value than the other mixtures. The neat polymers and mixtures were solution‐blow‐spun into nanofibers. The fiber diameters were smallest in the neat polymers. Transmission electron micrographs revealed a core/sheath structure for the sample mixtures. X‐ray analysis indicated that the crystallinity was positively correlated with the PEO content. Fibers from the mixtures had contact angle measurements similar to those of the neat PEO. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy of the mixtures indicated interactions between ester and ether groups, which were attributed to dipole–dipole interactions between the ester groups of PLA and the ether groups of PEO. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Polypropylene‐based wood polymer composites—Effect of a maleated polypropylene coupling agent under dry and wet conditions
Authors: Sobczak Lukas , Lang Reinhold W. , Reif Martin , Haider Andreas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPolypropylene (PP)‐based wood polymer composites with 40 and 60 m % wood content, respectively, have been prepared, employing two different wood types and 0.0–20.0% (based on wood content) of a maleated polypropylene (MA‐PP) coupling agent (CA). The main objective of this research was to find out if the optimum CA content is dependent on wood filler particle size. Tensile and flexural properties, as well as impact strength, heat deflection temperature, and water absorption served as indicator properties for the CA influence. For all properties, there is an optimum or the onset of a plateau occurring between 8.0 and 13.0 m % MA‐PP content. Flexural properties were determined after 28 days of water submersion as well, for both wet and redried specimens, revealing that the mechanical properties can be restored to a large extent in sufficiently coupled compounds. A dependence of the MA‐PP content optimum on particle size was not detected. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Formation of polyamide 12 membranes via thermal–nonsolvent induced phase separation
Authors: Chang Hsu‐Hsien , Beltsios Konstantinos , Lin Dar‐Jong , Cheng Liao‐Ping 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe thermal–nonsolvent induced phase separation method was used for the fabrication of porous membranes from polyamide 12 (PA12), an attractive engineering polymer; the water/formic acid (FA)/PA12 ternary system is explored in detail. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffractometry, tensile strength analysis, and water flux were used to characterize the structure and properties of the fabricated membranes. The morphology of the membranes was found to depend on the FA content in the bath. The top surface of the membrane becomes less dense with increasing FA content in the bath. The cross section and bottom surface of all membranes exhibited a cellular morphology, except for the case of the novel procedure of dope precipitation in a cold neat solvent (FA) bath. In all cases membranes exhibited a crystallinity of ca. 38% with a melting point of ca. 179°C; tensile strengths in excess of 10 MPa were found possible in some cases. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effects of agglomeration and pressing process on the properties of flat pressed WPC panels
Authors: Benthien Jan T. , Thoemen Heiko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study discusses the influence of agglomeration process, press type and press parameters, on the physical and mechanical properties (water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), internal bond strength, module of elasticity, and module of rupture) of flat pressed wood–plastic composite panels. Additionally, the effects of coupling agent and polymer's melt flow rate on panel properties are investigated. The compounding of the raw materials is done using a heating cooling mixer and a die ring agglomerator (DRA). Test panels are made using a laboratory scale single‐daylight press, an industrial single‐daylight press, and an industrial scale continuous double belt press (DBP). The best results were obtained using the DRA and the continuous DBP, with 24 h WA and TS values of below 1%, and a modulus of elasticity of more than 4500 N mm−2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Rapid cortical bone loss in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nickolas Thomas L , Stein Emily M , Dworakowski Elzbieta , Nishiyama Kyle K , Komandah-Kosseh Mafo , Zhang Chiyuan A , McMahon Donald J , Liu Xiaowei S , Boutroy Stephanie , Cremers Serge , Shane Elizabeth 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may have high rates of bone loss and fractures, but microarchitectural and biochemical mechanisms of bone loss in CKD patients have not been fully described. In this longitudinal study of 53 patients with CKD Stages 2 to 5D, we used dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT), and biochemical markers of bone metabolism to elucidate effects of CKD on the skeleton. Median follow-up was 1.5 years (range 0.9 to 4.3 years); bone changes were annualized and compared with baseline. By DXA, there were significant declines in areal bone mineral density (BMD) of the total hip and ultradistal radius: −1.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.1 to −0.6) and −2.4% (95% CI −4.0 to −0.9), respectively. By HRpQCT at the distal radius, there were significant declines in cortical area, density, and thickness and increases in porosity: −2.9% (95% CI −3.7 to −2.2), −1.3% (95% CI −1.6 to −0.6), −2.8% (95% CI −3.6 to −1.9), and +4.2% (95% CI 2.0 to 6.4), respectively. Radius trabecular area increased significantly: +0.4% (95% CI 0.2 to 0.6), without significant changes in trabecular density or microarchitecture. Elevated time-averaged levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone turnover markers predicted cortical deterioration. Higher levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D predicted decreases in trabecular network heterogeneity. These data suggest that significant cortical loss occurs with CKD, which is mediated by hyperparathyroidism and elevated turnover. Future investigations are required to determine whether these cortical losses can be attenuated by treatments that reduce PTH levels and remodeling rates.
Connexin 43 Channels Protect Osteocytes Against Oxidative Stress–Induced Cell Death
Authors: Kar Rekha , Riquelme Manuel A , Werner Sherry , Jiang Jean X 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

The increased osteocyte death by oxidative stress (OS) during aging is a major cause contributing to the impairment of bone quality and bone loss. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we show that H2O2 induced cell death of primary osteocytes and osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells, and also caused dose-dependent decreased expression of gap junction and hemichannel-forming connexin 43 (Cx43). The decrease of Cx43 expression was also demonstrated with the treatment of other oxidants, rotenone and menadione. Antioxidant reversed the effects of oxidants on Cx43 expression and osteocyte cell death. Cx43 protein was also much lower in the osteocytes from 20-month-old as opposed to the 5-week-old or 20-week old mice. Dye transfer assay showed that H2O2 reduced the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). In contrast to the effect on GJIC, there was a dose-dependent increase of hemichannel function by H2O2, which was correlated with the increased cell surface expression of Cx43. Cx43(E2) antibody, an antibody that specifically blocks Cx43 hemichannel activity but not gap junctions, completely blocked dye uptake induced by H2O2 and further exacerbated H2O2-induced osteocytic cell death. In addition, knockdown of Cx43 expression by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased the susceptibility of the cells to OS-induced death. Together, our study provides a novel cell protective mechanism mediated by osteocytic Cx43 channels against OS.
Establishment of the Lotus japonicus Gene Expression Atlas (LjGEA) and its use to explore legume seed maturation
Authors: Verdier Jerome , Torres‐Jerez Ivone , Wang Mingyi , Andriankaja Andry , Allen Stacy N. , He Ji , Tang Yuhong , Murray Jeremy D. , Udvardi Michael K. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryLotus japonicus is a model species for legume genomics. To accelerate legume functional genomics, we developed a Lotus japonicus Gene Expression Atlas (LjGEA), which provides a global view of gene expression in all organ systems of this species, including roots, nodules, stems, petioles, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. Time‐series data covering multiple stages of developing pod and seed are included in the LjGEA. In addition, previously published L. japonicus Affymetrix data are included in the database, making it a ‘one‐stop shop’ for transcriptome analysis of this species. The LjGEA web server (http://ljgea.noble.org/) enables flexible, multi‐faceted analyses of the transcriptome. Transcript data may be accessed using the Affymetrix probe identification number, DNA sequence, gene name, functional description in natural language, and GO and KEGG annotation terms. Genes may be discovered through co‐expression or differential expression analysis. Users may select a subset of experiments and visualize and compare expression profiles of multiple genes simultaneously. Data may be downloaded in a tabular form compatible with common analytical and visualization software. To illustrate the power of LjGEA, we explored the transcriptome of developing seeds. Genes represented by 36 474 probe sets were expressed at some stage during seed development, and almost half of these genes displayed differential expression during development. Among the latter were 624 transcription factor genes, some of which are orthologs of transcription factor genes that are known to regulate seed development in other species, while most are novel and represent attractive targets for reverse genetics approaches to determine their roles in this important organ.
Food choice of two bacteria-feeding nematode species dependent on food source, food density and interspecific competition
Authors: Weber Sebastian , Traunspurger Walter 
Published: March 2013

Feeding selectivity and flexibility are generally poorly understood behaviours of free-living nematodes. In the present study, the food choice and feeding habits of two bacteria-feeding, free-living species, Panagrolaimus cf. thienemanni and Poikilolaimus sp. (Nematoda), isolated from Movile Cave (Romania), were examined with respect to food source, food density and interspecific competition. These two species coexist in a very stable environment, compete for the same food resources, and play a major role in Movile Cave’s food web. Panagrolaimus and Poikilolaimus were found to favour significantly the bacterium Escherichia coli as a food source compared with glucose or algae. High densities of E. coli (109 cells ml−1) were preferred by Panagrolaimus, in contrast to the low densities (106 cells ml−1) preferred by Poikilolaimus. This result held true when the two species were exposed to intra- and interspecific competition, when Panagrolaimus significantly preferred E. coli at densities of 109 cells ml−1, whereas Poikilolaimus, while not significantly preferring a fixed bacterial density, was nonetheless attracted to densities of 105 – 107 cells ml−1. These density-related differences in food choice could explain the ability of these species to coexist without competitive exclusion in the same stable environment of Movile Cave.
The White Lekythoi and the Dating of Tomb 1
Authors: Simon Erika , Wehgartner Irma 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The central purpose of this paper is to establish the date of the burial of tomb 1.
The four white lekythoi, which were found in it, will be discussed concerning shape, use of colours, ornament, style and subject. The conclusion will be that these lekythoi are dated between 430 and 425 B.C.
Aulos and Harp: Questions of Pitch and Tonality
Authors: Hagel Stefan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This study addresses the question of pitches and pitch structures that may have been played on the excavated instruments, assessing string lengths and their implications as well as searching for a plausible effective length for the aulos including its reed, based on computer-modelling the behaviour of the oscillating air column. The results are discussed in the context of our present knowledge about pitch ranges that were typically used in ancient music.
Authority as ‘Resultant Voice’: Towards a Stylistic and Musical Anthropology of Effective Speech in Archaic Rome
Authors: Bettini Maurizio 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Analysis of a large number of texts from the archaic period of Roman culture shows that the authoritative character of a solemn utterance (a prophecy, the formula uttered by a praetor, a religious praefatio) was based principally on specific sound patterns. From these utterances’ use of parallelisms, phonic echoes and syllabic repetitions there emerged a sort of ‘resultant voice’, which made their exceptional character immediately apparent. From the perspective of their intended hearers, the sound-construction of these pronouncements had the capacity to arouse what the Romans called delectatio: that is, the disposition to believe in the truth and validity of what they were hearing. That the Romans included all these acoustic phenomena within a single perceptual domain is demonstrated by the fact that music, too, had the power to produce delectatio—and by the fact that the verb cano and its derivatives refer as much to musical as to poetic expression.
The Debate on logos and diastēma in Porphyry’s Commentary on Ptolemy’s Harmonics
Authors: Raffa Massimo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introducing his commentary on Ptol. Harm. I.5, Porphyry discusses at length the vocabulary of musical intervals and in particular the question whether the words λόγος and διάστηµα should or not be used as synonyms. This paper aims, on the one hand, at analysing the way in which he chooses and arranges his sources; on the other hand, at restoring them to the original debate to which they belong—a debate in which a seminal role seems to have been played by Plato’s Timaeus and the contributions of its early commentators (Eratosthenes, Aelianus, Panaetius) in the framework of post-Aristoxenian harmonics.
The Birds of the Air
Authors: Meneses Eloise Hiebert 
Published: March 2013

The tension between Christ and culture is as old as Christianity itself. The current model in missions suggests that culture should be disturbed as little as possible in the process of planting the seed of the gospel. This model tacitly ignores indigenous evils, such as injustice, and fails to acknowledge the challenge that Christ issues to all cultures as Lord. In fact, even the most careful introduction of the gospel produces a backlash when elements of the cultural status quo realize what they are going to lose. This process is demonstrated by an investigation into the role that Christians have had in defending the marginalized and producing culture change in India. With what can we compare the kingdom of God, or what parable will we use for it? It is like a mustard seed, which, when sown upon the ground, is the smallest of all the seeds on earth; yet when it is sown it grows up and becomes the greatest of all shrubs, and puts forth large branches, so that the birds of the air can make nests in its shade. (Mark 4:30–32)1