bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing xylanase production in the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila by homologous overexpression of Mtxyr1
Authors: Wang Juan , Wu Yaning , Gong Yanfen , Yu Shaowen , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The xylanase regulator 1 protein in Myceliophthora thermophila ATCC42464 (MtXyr1) is 60 % homologous with that of Trichoderma reesei. However, MtXyr1’s regulatory role on cellulolytic and xylanolytic genes in M. thermophila is unknown. Herein, MtXyr1 was overexpressed under the control of the MtPpdc (pyruvate decarboxylase) promoter. Compared with the wild type, the extracellular xylanase activities of the transformant cultured in non-inducing and inducing media for 120 h were 25.19- and 9.04-fold higher, respectively. The Mtxyr1 mRNA level was 300-fold higher than in the wild type in corncob-containing medium. However, the filter paper activity and endoglucanase activities were unchanged in corncob-containing medium and glucose-containing medium. The different zymograms between the transformant and the wild type were analyzed and identified by mass spectrometry as three xylanases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11. Thus, overexpression of xyr1 resulted in enhanced xylanase activity in M. thermophila. Xylanase production could be improved by overexpressing Mtxyr1 in M. thermophila.
Identifying the true origin of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with dilated‐phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case of successful catheter ablation
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Nagai Takayuki , Fujii Akira , Uetani Teruyoshi , Nishimura Kazuhisa , Inoue Katsuji , Suzuki Jun , Satomi Kazuhiro , Okura Takafumi , Higaki Jitsuo , Ogimoto Akiyoshi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis case report describes sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) caused by a large epicardial scar, related to dilated‐phase hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mimicking VT originating from the apical septum. VT resolved with epicardial catheter ablation. The exit of the VT circuit suggested that a 12‐lead electrocardiogram can be remote with respect to the critical isthmus in this case. In patients with structural heart disease, it is difficult to identify the VT reentrant circuit by surface electrocardiography, which shows only the exit site. VT originating in the epicardium should be considered, even if the suspected origin is another ventricular site.
Implementation of a volunteer university student research assistant program in an emergency department: the nuts and bolts for success
Authors: Steadman Patrick E. , Crudden Johanna , Boutis Kathy 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProspective research studies often advance clinical practice in the emergency department (ED), but they can be costly and difficult to perform. In this report, we describe the implementation of a volunteer university student research assistant program that provides students exposure to medicine and clinical research while simultaneously increasing the capacity of an ED’s research program. This type of program provides 15 hours per day of research assistant coverage for patient screening and enrolment for minimal risk research studies, and screening for higher risk studies. The latter is true without the added burden or costs of co-administering university course credit or pay for service, which are common features of most of these types of programs currently in operation. We have shown that our volunteer-based program is effective for an ED’s research success as well as for its student participants. For other EDs interested in adopting similar programs, we provide the details on how to get such a program started and highlight the structure and non-monetary incentives that facilitate a program’s ongoing success.
The impact of prehospital resuscitation research on in-hospital care
Authors: Mausz Justin , Cheskes Sheldon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSince their introduction over 40 years ago, paramedics have been trained to deliver select advanced life support interventions in the community with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and trauma. The ensuing decades witnessed a great deal of interest in paramedic care, with an exponential growth in prehospital resuscitation research. As part of theCJEMseries on emergency medical services (EMS), we review recent prehospital research in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and discuss how, in a novel departure from the origins of EMS, prehospital research is beginning to influence in-hospital care. We discuss emerging areas of study related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality, therapeutic hypothermia, termination of resuscitation, and the use of end-tidal carbon dioxide measurement, as well as the subtle ripple effects that prehospital research is having on the broader understanding of the management of these critically ill patients.
Systematic Consensus Building on Disaster Mental Health Services After the Great East Japan Earthquake by Phase
Authors: Fukasawa Maiko , Suzuki Yuriko , Nakajima Satomi , Asano Keiko , Narisawa Tomomi , Kim Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe intended to build consensus on appropriate disaster mental health services among professionals working in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWe focused on the first 3 months after the disaster, divided into 3 phases: immediate aftermath, acute phase, and midphase. We adopted the Delphi process and asked our survey participants (n=115) to rate the appropriateness of specific mental health services in each phase and comment on them. We repeated this process 3 times, giving participants feedback on the results of the previous round. Through this process, we determined the criterion for positive consensus for each item as having the agreement of more than 80% of the participants.ResultsWe found that the importance of acute psychiatric care and prescribing regular medication for psychiatric patients gained positive consensus in the immediate aftermath and acute phase. Counseling and psychoeducation after traumatic events or provision of information gained consensus in the acute phase and midphase, and screening of mental distress gained consensus in the midphase.ConclusionsHigher priority was given to continuous psychiatric services in the immediate aftermath and mental health activities in later phases. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:359–366)
Executive function and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Ugandan children with perinatal HIV exposure
Authors: Burkey M. D. , Murray S. M. , Bangirana P. , Familiar I. , Opoka R. O. , Nakasujja N. , Boivin M. , Bass J.K. 
Published: July 2015

Background.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in childhood and is associated with substantial deficits in executive functioning and lost academic and occupational attainment. This study evaluates symptoms of ADHD and their association with neurocognitive deficits in a cohort of rural Ugandan children who were born to HIV-infected mothers.Methods.We assessed ADHD symptoms and executive function (including memory and attention) in a non-clinical sample of children born to HIV-infected mothers in rural eastern Uganda. Analyses included assessments of the psychometric properties, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity of the ADHD measure (ADHD-Rating Scale-IV); and executive function deficits in children meeting symptom criteria for ADHD.Results.232 children [54% female; mean age 7.8 years (s.d.2.0)] were assessed for ADHD and executive function deficits. The ADHD measure showed good internal consistency (α = 0.85.) Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) two-factor model. Subjects meeting DSM-5 symptom criteria for ADHD had worse parent-rated executive function on six out of seven subscales.Conclusions.Our results demonstrate structural validity of the ADHD measure with this population, strong associations between ADHD symptom severity and poorer executive function, and higher levels of executive function problems in perinatally HIV-exposed Ugandan children with ADHD. These findings suggest that ADHD may be an important neurocognitive disorder associated with executive function problems among children in sub-Saharan African settings where perinatal HIV exposure is common.
Impact of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital-Acquired Conditions Policy on Billing Rates for 2 Targeted Healthcare-Associated Infections
Authors: Kawai Alison Tse , Calderwood Michael S. , Jin Robert , Soumerai Stephen B. , Vaz Louise E. , Goldmann Donald , Lee Grace M. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDThe 2008 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions policy limited additional payment for conditions deemed reasonably preventable.OBJECTIVETo examine whether this policy was associated with decreases in billing rates for 2 targeted conditions, vascular catheter-associated infections (VCAI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).STUDY POPULATIONAdult Medicare patients admitted to 569 acute care hospitals in California, Massachusetts, or New York and subject to the policy.DESIGNWe used an interrupted times series design to assess whether the hospital-acquired conditions policy was associated with changes in billing rates for VCAI and CAUTI.RESULTSBefore the policy, billing rates for VCAI and CAUTI were increasing (prepolicy odds ratio per quarter for VCAI, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.11–1.23]; for CAUTI, 1.19 [1.16–1.23]). The policy was associated with an immediate drop in billing rates for VCAI and CAUTI (odds ratio for change at policy implementation for VCAI, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.69–0.81]; for CAUTI, 0.87 [0.79–0.96]). In the postpolicy period, we observed a decreasing trend in the billing rate for VCAI and a leveling-off in the billing rate for CAUTI (postpolicy odds ratio per quarter for VCAI, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.97–0.99]; for CAUTI, 0.99 [0.97–1.00]).CONCLUSIONSThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions policy appears to have been associated with immediate reductions in billing rates for VCAI and CAUTI, followed by a slight decreasing trend or leveling-off in rates. These billing rates, however, may not correlate with changes in clinically meaningful patient outcomes and may reflect changes in coding practices.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2015;36(8):871–877
Bouncing on thin air: how squeeze forces in the air film during non-wetting droplet bouncing lead to momentum transfer and dissipation
Authors: de Ruiter Jolet , Lagraauw Rudy , Mugele Frieder , van den Ende Dirk 
Published: July 2015

Millimetre-sized droplets are able to bounce multiple times on flat solid substrates irrespective of their wettability, provided that a micrometre-thick air layer is sustained below the droplet, limiting $\mathit{We}$ to ${\lesssim}4$. We study the energy conversion during a bounce series by analysing the droplet motion and its shape (decomposed into eigenmodes). Internal modes are excited during the bounce, yet the viscous dissipation associated with the in-flight oscillations accounts for less than 20 % of the total energy loss. This suggests a significant contribution from the bouncing process itself, despite the continuous presence of a lubricating air film below the droplet. To study the role of this air film we visualize it using reflection interference microscopy. We quantify its thickness (typically a few micrometres) with sub-millisecond time resolution and ${\sim}30~\text{nm}$ height resolution. Our measurements reveal strong asymmetry in the air film shape between the spreading and receding phases of the bouncing process. This asymmetry is crucial for effective momentum reversal of the droplet: lubrication theory shows that the dissipative force is repulsive throughout each bounce, even near lift-off, which leads to a high restitution coefficient. After multiple bounces the droplet eventually hovers on the air film, while continuously experiencing a lift force to sustain its weight. Only after a long time does the droplet finally wet the substrate. The observed bounce mechanism can be described with a single oscillation mode model that successfully captures the asymmetry of the air film evolution.
THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY SPACING ON FETAL SURVIVAL AND NEONATAL MORTALITY IN RWANDA: A HECKMAN SELECTION ANALYSIS
Authors: Habimana-Kabano Ignace , Broekhuis Annelet , Hooimeijer Pieter 
Published: July 2015

SummaryMost studies on birth intervals and infant mortality ignore pregnancies that do not result in live births. Yet, fetal deaths are important in infant mortality analyses for three reasons: ignoring fetal deaths between two live births lengthens the measured interval between births, implying that short intervals are underestimated; the recommended inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) after a fetal loss is shorter (6 months) than after a live birth (24 months), as the effect of IPI on outcomes might differ according to the previous type of pregnancy outcome; fetal death will selectively reduce the population at risk of neonatal mortality, leading to biased results. This study uses the Heckman selection model to simultaneously estimate the combined effect of IPI duration and the type of pregnancy outcome at the start of the interval on pregnancy survival and neonatal mortality. The analysis is based on retrospective data from the Rwanda Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results show a significant selection effect. After controlling for the selection bias, short (<6 months) and long (>60 months) intervals after a fetal death reduce the chances of pregnancy survival, but no longer have an effect on neonatal mortality. For intervals starting with a live birth, the reverse is true. Short intervals (<24 months) do not affect pregnancy survival but increase the odds of neonatal mortality. If the previous child died in infancy, the highest odds are found for neonatal death regardless of the IPI duration.
Trajectories of childhood neighbourhood cohesion and adolescent mental health: evidence from a national Canadian cohort
Authors: Kingsbury M. , Kirkbride J. B. , McMartin S. E. , Wickham M. E. , Weeks M. , Colman I. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to examine associations between trajectories of childhood neighbourhood social cohesion and adolescent mental health and behaviour.MethodThis study used data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a nationally representative sample of Canadian children. The sample included 5577 children aged 0–3 years in 1994–1995, prospectively followed until age 12–15 years. Parental perceived neighbourhood cohesion was assessed every 2 years. Latent growth class modelling was used to identify trajectories of neighbourhood cohesion. Mental health and behavioural outcomes were self-reported at age 12–15 years. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between neighbourhood cohesion trajectories and outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsFive distinct trajectories were identified: ‘stable low’ (4.2%); ‘moderate increasing’ (9.1%); ‘stable moderate’ (68.5%); ‘high falling’ (8.9%); and ‘stable high’ (9.3%). Relative to those living in stable moderately cohesive neighbourhoods, those in stable low cohesive neighbourhoods were more likely to experience symptoms of anxiety/depression [odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–2.90] and engage in indirect aggression (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.07–2.45). Those with improvements in neighbourhood cohesion had significantly lower odds of hyperactivity (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46–0.98) and indirect aggression (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96). In contrast, those with a decline in neighbourhood cohesion had increased odds of hyperactivity (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.21–2.29). Those in highly cohesive neighbourhoods in early childhood were more likely to engage in prosocial behaviour (‘high falling’: OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.38–2.69; ‘stable high’: OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.35–2.63).ConclusionsThese results suggest that neighbourhood cohesion in childhood may have time-sensitive effects on several domains of adolescent mental health and behaviour.
CARTAS ESPAÑOLAS DE JEAN-BAPTISTE SAY: EVIDENCIAS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA CIRCULACIÓN DE IDEAS ECONÓMICAS
Authors: Menudo José M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper transcribes and annotates five unpublished letters that Manuel María Gutiérrez, Álvaro Flórez Estrada and the Marquis of Valle Santoro respectively sent to Jean-Baptiste Say. An initial hypothesis holds the importance of this correspondence in order to argue the connection of the Spanish authors with the canonical works. We focus on several questions related to the transmission of economic ideas. First, the translation of Say’s work is a collective project structured around the Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Madrid. Secondly, we explain how the translator expurgates the condemnable passages in order to publish Say’sTraité d`économie politiquein Spanish, those connected to the influence of religion on economic development and public education to be exact.
Formalisation in higher-order logic and code generation to functional languages of the Gauss-Jordan algorithm
Authors: ARANSAY JESÚS , DIVASÓN JOSE 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present a formalisation in a proof assistant, Isabelle/HOL, of anaiveversion of the Gauss-Jordan algorithm, with explicit proofs of some of its applications; and, additionally, a process to obtain versions of this algorithm in two different functional languages (SML and Haskell) by means of code generation techniques from the verified algorithm. The aim of this research is not to compete with specialised numerical implementations of Gauss-like algorithms, but to show that formal proofs in this area can be used to generate usable functional programs. The obtained programs show compelling performance in comparison to some other verified and functional versions, and accomplish some challenging tasks, such as the computation of determinants of matrices ofbigintegers and the computation of the homology of matrices representing digital images.
Successful ablation of incessant idiopathic right ventricular tachycardia arising from unusual sites in children
Authors: Wu Lin , Tian Hong , Wang Feng , Liang Xuecun , Chen Gang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveMost idiopathic right ventricular tachycardias originate from the outflow tract. We present a case series of idiopathic incessant ventricular tachycardia arising from unusual sites of the right ventricle in children, which were well resolved by catheter ablation.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all three patients who underwent ablation of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia below the level of the right ventricular outflow tract using three-dimensional mapping in our institute.ResultAll three patients presented with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy due to incessant ventricular tachycardia on first admission. The sites of successful ablation were at the proximal right bundle branch, distal right bundle branch, and apex of the right ventricle, respectively. No complications occurred, and there has been no recurrence of ventricular tachycardia after the final ablation at an average follow-up period of 9 months. All three patients have achieved normalisation of left ventricular size and systolic function.ConclusionIncessant idiopathic ventricular tachycardia originating from unusual sites of the right ventricle in children, resulting in significant symptoms and impaired ventricular function, can be successfully treated with catheter ablation.
What does neuroimaging tell us about morphosyntactic processing in the brain of second language learners?
Authors: RONCAGLIA-DENISSEN M. PAULA , KOTZ SONJA A. 
Published: July 2015

This review article provides an overview of the neural correlates of second language (L2) morphosyntactic processing of the past 20 years. Morphosyntactic processing is of great relevance for our understanding of second language acquisition as it is believed to be more sensitive to age of acquisition (AoA) and maturational constraints than other linguistic sub-processes, i.e., lexical- and semantic processing.In this review we present the more general questions raised by the first neuroimaging studies, namely, whether L1 and L2 neural representation of morphosyntax is shared or segregated. Next, we present studies that addressed the impact of AoA, proficiency level, and language transfer on L2 morphosyntactic processing and representation and their findings. We then discuss these findings in light of the procedural/declarative and unified competition models. Finally, we suggest some future directions for studies investigating L2 morphosyntactic processing using neuroimaging techniques. With this article we aim to provide the reader with an overview of what is currently known in terms of L2 morphosyntactic representation and processing and emphasize aspects that have remained understudied.
Social inequalities in BMI trajectories: 8-year follow-up of the Pró-Saúde study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Chor Dóra , Andreozzi Valeska , Fonseca Maria JM , Cardoso Letícia O , James Sherman A , Lopes Claudia S , Faerstein Eduardo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveIn a cohort of government employees in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, we investigated prospectively, sex-specific associations between education and BMI trajectories and their potential effect modification by race.DesignOf the 4030 participants in Phase 1 (1999), 3253 (81 %) participated in Phase 2 (2003) and 3058 (76 %) participated in Phase 3 (2006). Education was categorized as elementary, high school or college graduate. Study participants self-identified as White, Black orPardo. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height. BMI trajectories were modelled using a generalized additive regression model with mixed effects (GAMM).SettingThe Pro-Saúde Study, a longitudinal investigation of social determinants of health.SubjectsWomen (n1441) and men (n1127) who participated in the three phases of data collection and had complete information for all study variables.ResultsWomen and men with less than high school, or only a high school education, gained approximately 1 kg/m2more than college graduates (women: 1·06 kg/m2(P<0·001) and 1·06 kg/m2(P<0·001), respectively; men: 1·04 kg/m2(P=0·013) and 1·01 kg/m2(P=0·277), respectively). For women only, race was independently associated with weight gain. Women identifying asPardoor Black gained 1·03 kg/m2(P=0·01) and 1·02 kg/m2(P=0·10), respectively, more than Whites. No effect modification by race was observed for either men or women.ConclusionsWhile both lower education and darker race were associated with greater weight gain, gender similarities and differences were observed in these associations. The relationship between weight gain and different indicators of social status are therefore complex and require careful consideration when addressing the obesity epidemic.