bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power, Politics, and the Marriage Plot in the Fiction of John W. De Forest
Authors: Gould Philip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter rereads John William De Forest’s Civil War novel Miss Ravenel’s Conversion from Secession to Loyalty (1867), and his story “Parole d’Honneur” (1868), which address the pressures the military state exerts on its main characters. As a Civil War veteran, De Forest traditionally has been situated as an important figure in American literary realism. White critics traditionally praise De Forest’s novel as a work of war realism sadly undermined by its sentimental romance plot, my approach looks instead to the marriage plot as the site where civilian and military lives become fatally entangled. I argue this romance of reunion is concerned not only with national reconciliation of the North and South after the war, but also with the military’s invasive and sometimes destructive presence in wartime civilian life. Miss Ravenel’s Conversion expresses De Forest’s wary sense of the military government in a time of war and presents characters who must be rescued from it.
Revealing the evolutionary history and contemporary population structure of Pacific salmon in the Fraser River through genome resequencing
Authors: Christensen Kris A , Flores Anne-Marie , Sakhrani Dionne , Biagi Carlo A , Devlin Robert H , Sutherland Ben J G , Withler Ruth E , Rondeau Eric B , Koop Ben F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Fraser River once supported massive salmon returns. However, over the last century, the largest returns have consistently been less than half of the recorded historical maximum. There is substantial interest from surrounding communities and governments to increase salmon returns for both human use and functional ecosystems. To generate resources for this endeavor, we resequenced genomes of Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Fraser River at moderate coverage (∼16×). A total of 954 resequenced genomes were analyzed, with 681 collected specifically for this study from tissues sampled between 1997 and 2021. An additional 273 were collected from previous studies. At the species level, Chinook salmon appeared to have 1.6–2.1× more SNPs than coho or sockeye salmon, respectively. This difference may be attributable to large historical declines of coho and sockeye salmon. At the population level, 3 Fraser River genetic groups were identified for each species using principal component and admixture analyses. These were consistent with previous research and supports the continued use of these groups in conservation and management efforts. Environmental factors and a migration barrier were identified as major factors influencing the boundaries of these genetic groups. Additionally, 20 potentially adaptive loci were identified among the genetic groups. This information may be valuable in new management and conservation efforts. Furthermore, the resequenced genomes are an important resource for contemporary genomics research on Fraser River salmon and have been made publicly available.
Full-length transcriptome sequencing of pepper fruit during development and construction of a transcript variation database
Authors: Liu Zhoubin , Yang Bozhi , Zhang Tianyuan , Sun Hao , Mao Lianzhen , Yang Sha , Dai Xiongze , Suo Huan , Zhang Zhuqing , Chen Wenchao , Chen Hu , Xu Wangjie , Dossa Komivi , Zou Xuexiao , Ou Lijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chili pepper is an important spice and a model plant for fruit development studies. Large-scale omics information on chili pepper plant development continues to be gathered for understanding development as well as capsaicin biosynthesis. In this study, a full-spectrum transcriptome data of eight chili pepper tissues at five growth stages using the Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing approach was generated. Of the 485 351 transcripts, 35 336 were recorded as reference transcripts (genes), while 450 015 were novel including coding, lnc, and other non-coding RNAs. These novel transcripts belonged to unknown/intergenic (347703), those retained introns (26336), and had multi-exons with at least one junction match (20333). In terms of alternative splicing, retained intron had the highest proportion (14795). The number of tissue-specific expressed transcripts ranged from 22 925 (stem) to 40 289 (flower). The expression changes during fruit and placenta development are discussed in detail. Integration of gene expression and capsaicin content quantification throughout the placental development clarifies that capsaicin biosynthesis in pepper is mainly derived from valine, leucin, and isoleucine degradation as well as citrate cycle and/or pyrimidine metabolism pathways. Most importantly, a user-friendly Pepper Full-Length Transcriptome Variation Database (PFTVD 1.0) (http://pepper-database.cn/) has been developed. PFTVD 1.0 provides transcriptomics and genomics information and allows users to analyse the data using various tools implemented. This work highlights the potential of long-read sequencing to discover novel genes and transcripts and their diversity in plant developmental biology.
Improved Casualty Depiction System for Simulated Mass Casualty Exercises
Authors: Meyer Eric G , Godshall-Bennett Loxley , Moreno Arianna , Guo Grace , May Natalie , Spencer Chelsea M , Schwartz James , Vojta Leslie R , Rudinsky Sherri L 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Assessing military medical teams’ ability to respond to large-scale mass casualty (MASCAL) events has become a priority in preparing for future conflicts. MASCAL exercises rely on large numbers of simulated patients with limited medical training. Role-players must be appropriately prepared to ensure that medical exercises adequately assess the expected capabilities of military medical units. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) has evaluated future military providers for decades using a large-scale, multiday, immersive simulation called Bushmaster. Despite a robust casualty training system, the fidelity of the portrayals remained limited.

Materials and Methods
Through collaboration with national military medical experts, a comprehensive casualty depiction system was developed. This system relied on structured casualty cards linked to time-based illness scripts. Structured casualty cards included an appropriate balance of disease non-battle injuries and trauma, included multipatient presentations based on shared events (i.e., multiple injured personnel due to an aircraft crash), normal and pathologic combat stress, population/unit considerations, requirements for different roles within the medical unit, and expected clinical outcomes. Illness scripts, supplemented by video guides, included time-based courses of illness/injury and prescribed responses to different typical treatments. This system was piloted during an annual MASCAL exercise (Operation Bushmaster) at USUHS. Clinical faculty were queried on the fidelity of this new system while role-players were evaluated on feasibility.

Results
Three hundred casualty cards linked to 49 illness scripts were created, peer-reviewed, and piloted at Bushmaster. A total of 170 military members with limited medical training portrayed simulated patients utilizing the new casualty depiction system. Clinical faculty members strongly agreed that the improved casualty depiction system improved the realism of individual patient presentations (96%). Eighty-three percent of role-players strongly agreed that the casualty depiction system was easy to understand.

Conclusions
This improved casualty depiction system was a feasible approach to enhance the fidelity of a MASCAL exercise. It has since been shared with military medical units around the globe to assist with their MASCAL exercises, making future multisite evaluations of this casualty depiction system possible.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arany Zoltan 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2024;390:154–164)
Clinical heart failure during pregnancy or immediately postpartum is sometimes caused by degeneration known as peripartum cardiomyopathy and is a leading cause of maternal death. The mechanism of this degeneration is typically new maternal heart failure with systolic dysfunction developing in the last month of pregnancy or in the first 5 months after delivery, and in some cases, it can occur outside of this window.
Perinatal Morbidity Among Women With a Previous Cesarean Delivery (PRISMA Trial): A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Chaillet Nils , Mâsse Benoît , Grobman William A. , Shorten Allison , Gauthier Robert , Rozenberg Patrick , Dugas Marylène , Pasquier Jean-Charles , Audibert François , Abenhaim Haim A. , Demers Suzanne , Piedboeuf Bruno , Fraser William D. , Gagnon Robert , Gagné Guy-Paul , Francoeur Diane , Girard Isabelle , Duperron Louise , Bédard Marie-Josée , Johri Mira , Dubé Eric , Blouin Simon , Ducruet Thierry , Girard Mario , Bujold Emmanuel 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from Lancet 2024;403:44–54)
Women who have delivered a baby via cesarean section have a difficult choice when it comes to delivering a second child: delivery via a second cesarean or attempting vaginal delivery, both of which are associated with some risks to both mother and baby. Recent studies have shown evidence that provider support for decision-making is vital in minimizing risk.
Third-Trimester Fetoscopic Ablation Therapy for Types II and III Vasa Previa
Authors: Chmait Ramen H. , Monson Martha A. , Chon Andrew H. , Masri Jinnen , Korst Lisa M. , Incerpi Marc H. 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024;230:87.e1–87.e9)
Vasa previa is diagnosed when fetal blood vessels develop near or covering the internal cervical os and is associated with high perinatal morbidity and mortality due to vessel injury. The ability to detect vasa previa prenatally has greatly reduced the impact on perinatal morbidity and mortality by allowing for preterm cesarean delivery before the rupture of membranes.
A Comparison of the Carbon Footprint of Alternative Sampling Approaches for Cervical Screening in the UK: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Whittaker Maya , Davies Jennifer C. , Sargent Alexandra , Sawyer Matt , Crosbie Emma J. 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from BJOG 2024;131:699–708)
Global greenhouse gas emissions continue to fuel the climate crisis, and health care systems are responsible for a significant proportion of these emissions, with the National Health Service (NHS) accounting for 4% of United Kingdom’s total carbon footprint. The NHS Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP) has successfully reduced cervical cancer mortality by 70% and currently requires participants to have a cervical sample taken by a clinician during speculum examination.
The “Freeze-All” Strategy Seems to Improve the Chances of Birth in Adenomyosis-Affected Women
Authors: Bourdon Mathilde , Santulli Pietro , Maignien Chloe , Bordonne Corinne , Millischer Anne Elodie , Chargui Ahmed , Marcellin Louis , Mantelet Lorraine Maitrot , Gadol Laura Fouque , Chapron Charles 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2024;121(3))
Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium associated with smooth muscle hyperplasia. Its presentation is heterogeneous, involving hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and infertility, with variations in phenotype based on the location of the lesions.
Corneal Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus in Pediatric and Developmentally Delayed Patients
Authors: Conner Elizabeth , Gagrani Meghal , Lalgudi Vaitheeswaran G. , Shah Parth R. , Hiasat Jamila , Jhanji Vishal , Nischal Ken K. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is the standard of care in patients with keratoconus but presents unique challenges in children and developmentally delayed patients. We present our clinical decision-making algorithm, CXL surgical technique, and outcomes in these groups.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was undertaken at a tertiary referral center of all patients who underwent CXL for keratoconus at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh between October 1, 2017, and April 1, 2021. Demographic information along with preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative ophthalmic examination findings were collected. The main outcome measures were indications of CXL, postoperative complications, and visual acuity (VA).

Results:
Forty-eight eyes of 34 patients [21 patients (30 eyes) with developmental delay (DD) and 13 patients (18 eyes) with no DD (NDD)] underwent epithelium-off, standard CXL. General anesthesia was used for CXL in all patients except for 3 with NDD. A temporary central tarsorrhaphy was performed in all patients with DD and 7 patients with NDD. The remaining got a bandage contact lens. There were no immediate postoperative complications. A trend toward improvement in VA was noted postoperatively. The mean logMAR VA (with habitual correction) was 0.67 preoperatively and 0.57 postoperatively (P = 0.3) in DD and 0.52 and 0.36, respectively (P = 0.13), in NDD.

Conclusions:
This retrospective review presents a technique for assessment and treatment of keratoconus in children and those with DD. Our technique ensures timely diagnosis and provides a safe method for CXL in these groups. Temporary central tarsorrhaphy is a well-tolerated option to reduce postoperative pain.
Novel neutrophil biology insights underlying atypical chemokine receptor-1/Duffy antigen receptor of chemokines-associated neutropenia
Authors: Liu Johnson M. , Luo Hongbo R. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Atypical chemokine receptor-1 (ACKR1)/Duffy antigen receptor of chemokines (DARC)-associated neutropenia (ADAN; OMIM 611862), previously named benign ethnic neutropenia, and present in two-thirds of individuals identifying as Black in the USA, is associated with mild to moderate decreases in peripheral neutrophil counts that nevertheless do not lead to increased infections. Consequently, recent initiatives have sought to establish normal neutrophil count reference ranges for ADAN, considering it a normal variant rather than a clinical disorder requiring medical intervention.

Recent findings
A limited number of studies elucidating the mechanism of neutropenia in ADAN has suggested that neutrophils may redistribute from peripheral blood to the tissues including the spleen: this might explain why ADAN is not associated with increased risks of infection since the total number of neutrophils in the body remains normal. In this review, we critically examine the research underlying the molecular basis of ADAN.

Summary
Insights into the biology of neutrophils and their trafficking may inform the clinical interpretation of neutropenia in ADAN. The bulk of research suggests that ADAN does not lead to a diminished host defense as do other forms of neutropenia. However, ADAN may lead to increased proinflammatory signaling, with possible implications for senescence of the immune system and predisposition to autoimmunity and cancer.
Heme- and iron-activated macrophages in sickle cell disease: an updated perspective
Authors: Navaneethabalakrishnan Shobana , An Xiuli , Vinchi Francesca 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder due to a single-point mutation in the β-globin gene. The ensuing hemoglobin has the tendency to polymerize upon deoxygenation, leading to the typical sickle shape of red blood cells. While the primary pathology of sickle cell disease is a direct consequence of altered red blood cells, emerging evidence highlights the central role of macrophages in mediating hemoglobin scavenging, perpetuating oxidative stress and inflammation, and causing endothelial dysfunction and tissue remodeling.

Recent findings
Recent research uncovered the impact of heme and iron overload on macrophage polarization and functions in sickle cell disease, and its implication for chronic inflammation and tissue damage in vital organs such as the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. By providing a thorough understanding of the dynamic interactions between macrophages and various cellular components within the sickle cell disease milieu, these studies have laid the foundation for the identification of macrophage-related cellular and molecular mechanisms potentially targetable for therapeutic purposes to attenuate sickle complications.

Summary
This review provides a current update about recent discoveries on heme/iron-activated macrophages in SCD, shedding light on their critical role in disease pathophysiology. Ultimately, it proposes avenues for future research aimed at addressing the relevance of these cells for other sickle complications and at targeting them to mitigate disease morbidity and improve patient outcomes.
Update on Assessment of Ovarian Reserve Testing
Authors: Osman Nasreen A. , Morgham Amel E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Importance
Women are increasingly postponing pregnancy to achieve specific goals, and as it is known, the ovarian reserve (OR) declines with age, especially after the 30s. Assessing the OR helps in managing the care of women seeking pregnancy. Several OR tests (ORTs) have been advocated for assessing OR.

Objectives
This review aims to discuss the different ORTs and the consequences of their use.

Evidence Acquisition
For each topic, a PubMed search was conducted using MeSH terms. The following terms were used: ovarian reserve, ovarian reserve tests, anti-Müllerian hormone, antral follicle count, and diminished ovarian reserve. The search for further references was complemented by manual search, review, synthesis, and summarization of retrieved articles.

Results
In this review, we clarified the concept of OR and the different ORTs and provided a guide for the ultrasound to assess OR. In addition, the clinical value of ORTs was highlighted to explain the implications of the results of these tests and how they can aid in patient counseling.

Conclusion and Relevance
A number of ORTs are available to the clinician. Anti-Müllerian hormone and antral follicle count are the most valuable, but as with all ORTs, they are best used as screening, not diagnostic tests for OR. Screening for OR is most helpful when applied to specific groups.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning objectives
After completing this activity, the learner will be better able to describe the different available ovarian reserve tests; discuss the indications of their use; and explain the different ultrasonic testing used for the assessment of ovarian reserve and how to interpret results.
Transobturator Versus Minisling for Urinary Incontinence: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lisboa Rodrigo Bartilloti Barachisio , de Arruda Faber Marcelo , Pereira Glaucia Miranda Varella , de Castro Edilson Benedito , Camargo Ana Carolina Marchesini , Juliato Cássia Raquel Teatin , Brito Luiz Gustavo Oliveira 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from Urogynecology 2024;30:443–451)
Urinary incontinence affects roughly 25% of women between the ages of 15 and 64 years and more than half of patients seen at geriatric clinics. It is typically treated using surgical and other methods.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Thomas Caroline Leigh , Lange Elizabeth M. S. , Banayan Jennifer M. , Zhu Yinhua , Liao Chuanhong , Peralta Feyce M. , Grobman William A. , Scavone Barbara M. , Toledo Paloma 
Published: July 2024

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2024;7:e2350825)
Neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia during cesarean delivery improves outcomes for both mother and child compared with general anesthesia, and has been widely adopted to decrease anesthesia-related maternal morbidity and mortality. General anesthesia has been shown to be associated with higher rates of cardiac arrest, aspiration of gastric contents, airway management complications, surgical site infections, postpartum hemorrhage, and maternal mortality.
Surgical Cancellations and Postponements by Surgeon and Patient Sex
Authors: Ruzycki Shannon M. , Daodu Oluwatomilyo , Tang Selphee , Ejaredar Maede , Lithgow Kirstie , Harrison Tyrone G. , Brennand Erin A. 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
The objective of this work was to estimate the association between surgeon sex with surgical postponements or cancellations.

Summary Background Data:
Female surgeons receive lower hourly, per patient, and total compensation than their male colleagues. Bias in the decision to postpone or cancel surgical cases may contribute to compensation inequality, since this results in unpaid surgeon time.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study used administrative health data to identify surgeries performed at four hospitals in Calgary, Alberta, Canada that were cancelled or postponed due to surgeon/operating room overbooking or to accommodate an emergency case between April 1, 2015, and March 31, 2020. Surgeries performed in dedicated operating or procedure rooms (e.g., bronchoscopy, cardiac surgery, etc.) were excluded. The exposure of interest was surgeon sex, identified by matching their name to the provincial regulatory body record of self-identified sex, which allowed for selection between female and male only during the time of this study.

Results:
There were 214,832 eligible surgical cases, of which 1,481 and 2,473 were postponed or cancelled due to overbooking and to accommodate an emergency, respectively. After adjusting for surgical specialty, whether the procedure was a day case, and for patient sex, female surgeons were more likely to be cancelled or postponed to accommodate an emergency case compared to male surgeons (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.38).

Conclusion:
There may be sex-bias in the decision about which surgical cases to postpone or cancel to accommodate emergency surgeries in our setting. This bias may contribute to compensation inequality in a fee-for-service setting.