bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health outcomes in children with prenatal opioid exposure with and without neonatal abstinence syndrome in the first seven years of life: An observational cohort study
Authors: Lambert Joshua , Arter Sara , Duah Henry , Xavier Teenu , Sprague Jon E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrenatal opioid exposure (POE) is a major public health consequence of the opioid epidemic. Long‐term health outcomes associated with POE remain unclear, especially for children with POE without a diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Here, we aimed to describe the health outcomes of children with POE and with POE and NAS compared to unexposed children during the first 7 years of life.DesignIn this retrospective observational cohort study, children born between 2015 and 2022 were identified from the Maternal and Infant Data Hub (MIDH), a data repository that continuously integrates maternal, neonatal, and pediatric records from two academic medical centers and one pediatric hospital system in the Midwest, USA.MethodsInternational Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10 CM) chapters A00‐N99 served as outcomes of interest. Annual incidence and crude incidence rate ratios were calculated to explore descriptive differences between the exposed and unexposed groups.ResultsThe study included 22,002 children, 20,130 (91.5%) of whom were unexposed and 1872 (8.5%) were exposed. Of the 1872 exposed children, 371 (19.8%) received a diagnosis of NAS (POE + NAS) and 1501 were in the POE‐NAS group. Across all 7 years, exposed children had a higher incidence of diagnoses in most ICD‐10 CM chapters compared to unexposed children. A consistently higher incidence rate ratio of diagnosis was observed in both POE‐NAS and POE + NAS groups (vs. unexposed) related to mental and behavioral disorders, eye diagnoses, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and gastrointestinal systems.ConclusionsPOE is associated with an increased risk of diagnoses in a number of ICD‐10 CM chapters throughout childhood. These findings underscore the need for early screening and targeted interventions to support exposed children and improve their well‐being. Further research is required to explore underlying mechanisms and develop preventive measures for at‐risk populations.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding the conditions more often diagnosed in children with prenatal opioid exposure will help to improve care provided to this population. As a result of study findings, nurses who provide care to children with prenatal opioid exposure can prioritize their assessments and allocate time, resources, and education toward areas more likely to be affected.
How do older employees achieve successful ageing at work through generativity in the digital workplace? A self‐affirmation perspective
Authors: Wang Changyu , Zhang Yimeng , Feng Jiaojiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe necessity of helping older employees achieve career success in the digital workplace has drastically increased. Drawing on self‐affirmation theory, we postulate that using enterprise social media (ESM) to conduct intergenerational knowledge sharing (IGKS) is a generativity and self‐affirmation behaviour in the digital workplace, and investigate how it would help older employees enhance job performance and thus achieve successful ageing at work. Study 1 (a three‐wave time‐lagged survey study with 262 older employees over 40 years old) demonstrates that, older employees' IGKS in ESM positively affects their job performance via personal needs‐job supplies fit. Perceived younger colleagues' knowledge disseminative capacity can weaken, but perceived younger colleagues' knowledge absorptive capacity can strengthen the above indirect effect. We replicated the first study's findings in Study 2 using a two‐wave survey with 161 older employees over 50 years old. Additionally, we found that older employees' IGKS in ESM positively influences their job performance via a serial mediation of organization‐based self‐esteem and needs‐supplies fit. Perceived younger colleagues' knowledge disseminative capacity can weaken, but knowledge absorptive capacity can strengthen the serial mediation relationship. These findings contribute to integrating IGKS and ESM literature to improve the theoretical framework of successful ageing at work.
Emergency department mental health presentations in young children: a retrospective chart review
Authors: Bourke Elyssia M , Say Daniela F , Carison Anna , O'Donnell Sinead M , Babl Franz E ,   the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) research network
Published: June 2024

AimTo characterise key features of young people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a mental health complaint when comparing children (aged 7 to 12 years) and teenagers (13 years and greater).MethodsRetrospective review of all ED mental health presentations in children aged 7–17 years presenting over a 12‐month period in 2018 to a tertiary children's hospital in Victoria, Australia. Univariate analyses were carried out to examine the relationship between children and teenagers and a number of key presentation variables. Odds Ratios (ORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were calculated for ED management outcomes.ResultsThere were 1691 ED mental health presentations in 2018. Of these presentations, 407 (24%) were children aged 12 years or less. The remaining 76% (1284) were teenagers. The younger aged cohort were more likely to be male (OR 2.43, CI 1.92–3.08) and have a past history of autism spectrum disorder (OR 1.92, CI 1.45–1.84). They were more likely to have a presenting complaint of acute behavioural disturbance (OR 2.03, CI 1.59–2.60), be physically restrained (OR 2.01, CI 1.18–3.37) and have sedative medication provided (OR 2.87, CI 1.63–5.04). The older aged cohort were more likely to have a past history of depression (OR 0.19, CI 0.12–0.29) and a presenting complaint of intentional self‐poisoning (OR 0.33, CI 0.15–0.65).ConclusionsChildren aged 12 years or less represent one‐quarter of all young people presenting to the ED with a mental health concern. They experience high rates of acute behavioural disturbance and are more likely to require restrictive interventions during their presentation.
Factors influencing the prioritisation of access to medicines in trade‐related intellectual property policymaking in Thailand
Authors: Tenni Brigitte , Lexchin Joel , Akaleephan Chutima , Kittitrakul Chalermsak , Townsend Belinda , Gleeson Deborah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThailand is facing ongoing trade‐related challenges that threaten access to an affordable and sustainable supply of medicines. Despite Thailand's history of balancing trade pressures and public health priorities, little is known about the factors that enable or constrain a focus on access to medicines in trade‐related intellectual property (IP) decision making. Using document analysis and qualitative interviews, and drawing on Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework, this qualitative study examines the factors that have enabled or constrained Thailand from focusing on access to medicines in three case studies of trade‐related IP policy: Thailand's patent law and its amendments; its issuance of compulsory licences; and its decision‐making about TRIPS‐plus trade agreements including potential membership of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans‐Pacific Partnership. The degree to which access to medicines has been prioritised in Thailand's trade‐related IP policymaking has varied across different types of policymaking and over time. Integral to its successes has been the involvement of the Ministry of Health and sustained advocacy by access to medicines coalitions which exert political pressure, generate evidence, and provide technical assistance to support evidence‐based policy reform. In addition, Thailand's compulsory licencing was made possible by a policy entrepreneur with the motivation and authority to implement policy change. Constraints to Thailand's focus on access to medicines have included its trade dependence on the United States (US), ongoing US trade pressure to implement TRIPS‐plus measures, and intense lobbying from Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the organisation representing US‐based major pharmaceutical companies, to increase IP protection for pharmaceuticals in Thailand. Through the use of Kingdon's framework, this study's focus on three different types of trade‐related IP policymaking has provided a detailed picture of the factors that have influenced the prioritisation of access to medicines and how these have played out in Thailand. Thailand's mixed history with regard to the prioritisation of access to medicines could provide lessons for other low‐ and middle‐income countries facing similar challenges to access to medicines by ensuring that the conditions are right in each of the three streams for windows of opportunity to emerge.
NPCC4: Concepts and tools for envisioning New York City's futures
Authors: Balk Deborah , McPhearson Timon , Cook Elizabeth M. , Knowlton Kim , Maher Nicole , Marcotullio Peter , Matte Thomas , Moss Richard , Ortiz Luis , Towers Joel , Ventrella Jennifer , Wagner Gernot 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter of the New York City Panel on Climate Change 4 (NPCC4) report discusses the many intersecting social, ecological, and technological‐infrastructure dimensions of New York City (NYC) and their interactions that are critical to address in order to transition to and secure a climate‐adapted future for all New Yorkers. The authors provide an assessment of current approaches to “future visioning and scenarios” across community and city‐level initiatives and examine diverse dimensions of the NYC urban system to reduce risk and vulnerability and enable a future‐adapted NYC. Methods for the integration of community and stakeholder ideas about what would make NYC thrive with scientific and technical information on the possibilities presented by different policies and actions are discussed. This chapter synthesizes the state of knowledge on how different communities of scholarship or practice envision futures and provides brief descriptions of the social‐demographic and housing, transportation, energy, nature‐based, and health futures and many other subsystems of the complex system of NYC that will all interact to determine NYC futures.
Isochrony as ancestral condition to call and song in a primate
Authors: De Gregorio Chiara , Maiolini Marco , Raimondi Teresa , Carugati Filippo , Miaretsoa Longondraza , Valente Daria , Torti Valeria , Giacoma Cristina , Ravignani Andrea , Gamba Marco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAnimal songs differ from calls in function and structure, and have comparative and translational value, showing similarities to human music. Rhythm in music is often distributed in quantized classes of intervals known as rhythmic categories. These classes have been found in the songs of a few nonhuman species but never in their calls. Are rhythmic categories song‐specific, as in human music, or can they transcend the song–call boundary? We analyze the vocal displays of one of the few mammals producing both songs and call sequences: Indri indri. We test whether rhythmic categories (a) are conserved across songs produced in different contexts, (b) exist in call sequences, and (c) differ between songs and call sequences. We show that rhythmic categories occur across vocal displays. Vocalization type and function modulate deployment of categories. We find isochrony (1:1 ratio, like the rhythm of a ticking clock) in all song types, but only advertisement songs show three rhythmic categories (1:1, 1:2, 2:1 ratios). Like songs, some call types are also isochronous. Isochrony is the backbone of most indri vocalizations, unlike human speech, where it is rare. In indri, isochrony underlies both songs and hierarchy‐less call sequences and might be ancestral to both.
Kinematics and coordination of moth flies walking on smooth and rough surfaces
Authors: Brandt Erin E. , Manyama Maria R. , Nirody Jasmine A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe moth fly, Clogmia albipunctata, is a common synanthropic insect with a worldwide range that lives in nearly any area with moist, decaying organic matter. These habitats comprise both smooth, slippery substrates (e.g., bathroom drains) and heterogeneous, bumpy ground (e.g., soil in plant pots). By using terrain of varying levels of roughness, we focus specifically on how substrate roughness at the approximate size scale of the organism affects kinematics and coordination in adult moth flies. Finally, we compare and contrast our characterizations of locomotion in C. albipunctata with previous work of insect walking in naturalistic environments.
Tooth movement analysis of maxillary dentition distalization using clear aligners with buccal and palatal mini‐screw anchorages: A finite element study
Authors: Guo Runzhi , Li Linwei , Lam Xiang Yao , Qin Qianyi , Zheng Yunfei , Huang Yiping , Lin Yifan , Li Weiran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the tooth movement trends during the three stages of maxillary dentition distalization with clear aligners (CA) and to compare the efficacy of different mini‐screw anchorage systems.Materials and MethodsThree‐dimensional (3D) finite element models of three anchorage systems (A, control group; B, buccal mini‐screw anchorage group; C, palatal mini‐screw anchorage group) were established. Three stages of simulating maxillary dentition distalization with CA included maxillary molar distalization (stage 1), maxillary premolar distalization (stage 2) and maxillary anterior teeth retraction (stage 3). Therefore, a total of nine models were constructed to analyse the 3D displacement of maxillary teeth during the distalization process.ResultsThe displacement pattern of maxillary dentition during distalization was similar across the three groups, but with varying magnitudes. During stage 1, groups B and C exhibited greater amounts of molar distalization compared to group A. Group C also demonstrated the least amount of labial movement of the maxillary central incisor compared to the other two groups. During stage 2, the mesial displacement of the maxillary first molar was less significant in groups B and C than in group A. In the final stage, group C exhibited a greater amount of maxillary anterior retraction compared to groups A and B.ConclusionThe palatal mini‐screw anchorage system was effective in reducing anchorage loss and improving the efficacy of maxillary dentition distalization with CA.
Power‐dependent study of the photothermal response of several alcoholic media with femtosecond laser‐induced thermal lens
Authors: Rawat Ashwini Kumar , Chakraborty Subhajit , Mishra Amit Kumar , Goswami Debabrata 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe explore the photothermal response of methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol using the femtosecond laser‐induced thermal lens spectroscopy (FTLS) technique. A mode mismatched pump–probe spectroscopic technique was utilized to analyze the influence of localized thermal heating on the photothermal response of solvents. The findings revealed a strong dependence on both the input pump power and the molecular characteristics of the solvents. At significantly high pump power, the excess heat load deposited to the solvent is found to be responsible for the induction of the convection currents in the heat transfer mechanisms. Our results highlight that the influence of pump power on photothermal and thermal lens characteristics is intricately linked to the natural drifting and heat transfer mechanisms of solvent molecules. The molecular motion and existing connective processes were correlated with the molecular characteristics of the samples. The present finding reveals that FTLS is a sensitive probe for comprehending the impact of input laser power, molecular structure, and intermolecular H bonding on the photothermal characteristics and thermo‐optical properties of the alcoholic medium.
Enhanced drought resistance in tomato via reduced auxin sensitivity: delayed dehydration and improved leaf resistance to embolism
Authors: Andrade Moab T. , Cardoso Amanda A. , Oliveira Leonardo A. , Pereira Talitha S. , Haverroth Eduardo J. , Souza Genaina A. , DaMatta Fábio M. , Zsögön Agustín , Martins Samuel C. V. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAuxins are master regulators of plant development and auxin perception mutants display smaller leaves, lower transpiration, and narrower xylem vessels than their corresponding wild types. Here, we evaluated whether the leaf embolism resistance and overall plant resistance to drought are altered in the auxin perception mutant diageotropica (dgt). Our assessments demonstrate that the dgt mutants in tomato exhibit considerably smaller xylem vessels in stems (‐24%), leaf petioles (‐43%), and leaf midribs (‐34%) than the wild type. Alongside narrower vessels, dgt mutants exhibited greater xylem cell wall thickness‐to‐conduit diameter and greater leaf embolism resistance than the wild type. The water potential at 50% cumulative leaf embolism (P50) of dgt and wild type was ‐1.39 and ‐1.14 MPa, respectively. Plants of dgt also exhibited higher stomatal safety margin (water potential difference between stomatal closure and P50), needed a longer time to reach their P50 in a dry‐down experiment, and showed a faster recovery in leaf gas exchange upon rehydration than the wild type. The impaired auxin signaling resulted in lower canopy area and stomatal conductance, which likely contributed to delaying the time for plants to reach hydraulic damage during drought. These findings demonstrate a clear association between structural and physiological changes and improved resistance against drought‐induced hydraulic dysfunction in the dgt tomato mutant.
The effect of stress on the antibody response after vaccination in children aged 0–18 years: A systematic review
Authors: Svensson Rikke , Malon Michelle , Stensballe Lone G. , Thorsen Steffen U. , Svensson Jannet 
Published: June 2024

AbstractStress has been associated with less effective vaccine responses in adults. This review aims to investigate the evidence for a similar association in children. A systematic review search was conducted in January 2021 in three databases: Medline, Embase and PsycInfo. An updated search of the Medline database was systematically conducted until the most recent update on September 25th, 2023, to ensure the inclusion of the most current research available. Keywords related to stress, vaccines and children were used, and a total of 7263 (+1528) studies were screened by two independent investigators. Six studies met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analysis. For quality assessment of the studies, the risk of bias in non‐randomized studies—of interventions (ROBINS‐I) tool was applied. Most of the studies suggest a negative role of stress on vaccine responses. However, the scarcity of studies, lack of confirmatory studies, risk of bias and heterogeneity according to age, type of vaccine, measures of stress and vaccine responses prevent a clear conclusion. Future studies should emphasize the use of as strict study designs as possible, including well‐defined stress metrics and thorough examination of both pre‐ and post‐vaccination responses. Systematic review registration: Prospero CRD42021230490.
The role of hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p as an important factor for control of inositol in alopecia areata
Authors: AbdElneam Ahmed Ibrahim , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem , Mohammed Ghada Farouk , Atef Lina Mohammed 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that play a regulatory role in various biological processes by acting as intracellular mediators. They hold great potential as therapeutic agents for targeting human disease pathways; however, there is still much to be uncovered about their mechanism of gene regulation. Alopecia areata (AA) is a commonly occurring inflammatory condition characterized by the infiltration of T cells that specifically target the anagen‐stage hair follicle. The limited understanding of its precise cellular mechanism may be the reason behind the scarcity of effective treatments for AA.AimThe significance and function of hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p as a genetic marker for AA and its potential influence on the advancement of the disease.Subjects and methodsA case‐control study comprised 77 individuals diagnosed with AA who were matched with 75 healthy controls. In order to measure the expression of miR‐200c‐3p in both groups, the real‐time PCR technique was utilized. The prediction of suitable genes for hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p, as well as the identification of pathways and gene‐gene interactions, were carried out using bioinformatic tools.ResultsThe levels of hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p expression were notably elevated in AA patients in comparison to healthy controls. Our prediction suggests that the involvement of hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p in the development of AA is significant due to its influence on the inositol phosphorylation pathway and the Phosphatidylinositol signaling system, achieved through its direct impact on the IPPK gene.ConclusionFor the first time, our study demonstrates the significant over‐expression of a new miRNA, hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p, in the blood of AA patients compared to controls, and highlights its impact on the IPPK gene and the inositol phosphorylation and Phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for hsa‐miR‐193a‐5p in AA.
High‐frequency ultrasound evaluation of morphea: Retrospective analytical study
Authors: Yazdanparast Taraneh , Mohseni Alireza , Dehghan Kobra Soltan , Delavar Shohreh , Firooz Alireza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo date, there are no accepted outcome measures to monitor morphea, and consensus on specific monitoring criteria for morphea remains elusive.A few studies have assessed the criterion validity of skin ultrasound in morphea. So, in this study, we approach ultrasound findings in morphea lesions.Material and methodsThis was a retrospective‐analytical study conducted between December 2021 and May 2023. Patients were clinically evaluated at a dermatology outpatient clinic and then referred for high‐frequency ultrasound (HF‐US) evaluation and were selected to be included in this study. The lesions were confirmed by histopathology as well. Sonographic evaluations were performed on the lesion site and the symmetrical uninvolved other side. Dermal thickness and dermal echogenicities were recorded. Statistical analysis of group differences was performed by using the 2‐tailed Student t‐test. A p‐value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsForty‐one morphea lesions in the inflammatory phase of 27 patients were included in the study. The mean dermal thickness of morphea lesions was 1107.97 ± 414.3 and the mean dermal thickness of the control side was 1094.65 ± 331.06, The difference between these two variables was not statistically significant. The mean dermal density of lesions was 49.13 ± 18.97 and the mean dermal density of the control side was 52.22 ± 25.33. The difference between these two variables was not statistically significant.ConclusionThis study shows that HF‐US indicated increasing dermal thickness and reducing the dermal density of the morphea lesions in the inflammatory phase confirmed with the histopathology.