bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delay model for dynamically switching coupled on-chip interconnects
Authors: Kumar Sharma Devendra , Kumar Kaushik Brajesh , Sharma R.K. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an analytical model for estimating propagation delay in coupled resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) interconnects.

Design/methodology/approach
– With higher frequency of operation, longer length of interconnect and fast transition time of the signal, the resistor capacitor (RC) models are not sufficient to estimate the delay accurately. To mitigate this problem, accurate delay models for coupled interconnects are required. In this paper, an analytical model for estimation of interconnect delay is developed for simultaneously switching lines. Two distributed RLC lines coupled inductively and capacitively are considered. To validate the proposed model, SPICE results are compared with the proposed analytical results. Each line in the coupled structure is terminated by a capacitive load of 30fF. The driving signal is considered symmetrical with equal rise and fall time of 5 ps and OFF/ON time of 45 ps. The model is validated for both in-phase and out of phase switching of lines.

Findings
– It is observed that the model works well for both the phases of inputs switching. The derived expressions of delay exhibit complete physical insight, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with SPICE results. Comparison of analytical delay with SPICE delay shows an average error of < 2.7 per cent.

Originality/value
– The analytical expressions for interconnect delay are derived for the first time under simultaneously switching scenario. This model is useful to estimate delay across the inductively and capacitively coupled interconnects.
Do banks propagate debt market shocks?
Authors: Hale Galina , A.C. Santos João 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to analyze how banks transmit shocks that hit the debt market to their borrowers. Recent financial crisis demonstrated that the banking system can be a pathway for shock transmission.

Design/methodology/approach
– Bank-level panel regressions.

Findings
– This paper shows that when banks experience a shock to the cost of their bond financing, they pass a portion of their extra costs or savings to their corporate borrowers. While banks do not offer special protection from bond market shocks to their relationship borrowers, they also do not treat all of them equally. Relationship borrowers that are not bank-dependent are the least exposed to bond market shocks via their bank loans. In contrast, banks pass the highest portion of the increase in their cost of bond financing to their relationship borrowers that rely exclusively on banks for external funding.

Research limitations/implications
– These findings show that banks put more weight on the informational advantage they have over their relationship borrowers than on the prospects of future business with these borrowers. They also show a potential side effect of the recent proposals to require banks to use CoCos or other long-term funding.

Originality/value
– The findings are timely, given the ongoing debates on the proposals to introduce bail-in programs and proposals to require banks to use CoCos or other long-term funding.
Mobilizing the technology storm: app-based stress relief – using free or low-cost apps to beat work and personal stress
Authors: Finley Thomas 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to review apps that will enable librarians to take back control of their own mental space and hopefully provide some means to relaxation. Sometimes it is hard to find a soothing space amidst the chaos of the outside world. Our library users turn to the author to provide these spaces in their own lives, but paradoxically, today’s librarian may find little relaxation within their own library’s walls.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author tests and reviews apps designed to help librarians relax.

Findings
– The author reviews various different apps designed to help librarians relax.

Originality/value
– The apps reviewed here will enable librarians to take back control of their own mental space and hopefully, provide some means to relaxation.
Whither the retention schedule in the era of big data and open data?
Authors: McDonald John , Léveillé Valerie 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
– This article, which is one of the products of an international collaborative research initiative called iTrust, aims to explore these questions and offer suggestions concerning how the issues they raise can be addressed.

Design/methodology/approach
– The article describes the results of the first stage in a multi-stage research project leading to methods for developing retention and disposition specifications and formal schedules for open data and big data initiatives. A fictitious organization is used to describe the characteristics of open data and big data initiatives, the gap between current approaches to setting retention and disposition specifications and schedules and what is required and how that gap can be closed. The landscape described as a result of this stage in the research will be tested in case studies established in the second stage of the project.

Findings
– The argument is made that the business processes supporting open data and big data initiatives could serve as the basis for developing enhanced standards and procedures that are relevant to the characteristics of these two kinds of initiatives. The point is also made, however, that addressing the retention and disposition issues requires knowledge and leadership, both of which are in short supply in many organizations. The characteristics, the issues and the approaches will be tested through case studies and consultations with those involved with managing and administering big data and open data initiatives.

Originality/value
– There is very little, if any, current literature that addresses the impact of big data and open data on the development and application of retention schedules. The outcome of the research will benefit those who are seeking to establish processes leading to formally approved retention and disposition specifications, as well as an instrument – the approved retention and disposal schedule – designed to ensure the ongoing integrity of the records and data associated with big data and open data initiatives.
Leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) communities of Kovada Lake and Kızıldağ national parks (Isparta, Turkey): assessing the effects of habitat types
Authors: Şen İsmail , Gök Ali 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLeaf beetle species composition, diversity and community structure were investigated and compared among three different habitat types (herbaceous open area, forest area without shrubs, forest area with shrubs) included in Kovada Lake (KL) and Kızıldağ (KD) national parks in Isparta province, at the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In total, 132 leaf beetle species (88 from KL and 96 from KD) belonging to ten subfamilies were collected. Spatial distribution of the leaf beetles and estimated species number were compared between study sites and some environmental factors affecting the determined species were analyzed. The highest leaf beetle diversity among the habitat types was in the forest areas with abundant shrubby understory at the KL with diversity values of 2.67 (Shannon–Wiener index) and 0.87 (Simpson index). The most similar habitats in terms of the leaf beetle communities were herbaceous open areas at both national parks with similarity values 50% (Sørensen index) and 34% (Jaccard index). Nonparametric estimators ICE, Chao2, Jackknife1 and Jackknife2 show that the percentages of the detected leaf beetle species during field surveys in the KL were between 85% and 93%, and in the KD were between 67% and 78%. Canonical correspondence analysis indicates that the most effective environmental variables on the leaf beetle species diversity were covers of the herbaceous and tree layers. Also, these results show that the most important environmental variable affecting the leaf beetle species diversity was floristic structure of the sites.
Discovery of three new species of the genus Gyrophaena Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) in Korea
Authors: Kim Yoon‐Ho , Ahn Kee‐Jeong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThree new species of the mycophagous aleocharine genus Gyrophaena Mannerheim are described in Korea. The types and paratypes of the new species are designated. Illustrations of the diagnostic characters and habitus photographs of new species are provided with a key to Korean species of Gyrophaena.
In vitro effects of oil's fatty acids on T cell function in gestational diabetic pregnant women and their newborns 油类脂肪酸在体外对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇及其新生儿的T细胞功能的影响
Authors: Djelti Farah , Merzouk Hafida , Merzouk Sid Ahmed , Narce Michel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this investigation was to determine the in vitro effects of linseed, olive and Nigel oils on T cell proliferation and function in gestational diabetes.MethodsBlood samples were collected from 40 control healthy and 32 gestational diabetic mothers and their newborns. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated using a density gradient of Ficoll. T cell proliferation, interleukin‐2 and ‐4 (IL‐2, IL‐4) secretion, fatty acid composition and intracellular oxidative status were investigated.ResultsMitogen (Concanavalin A) stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, IL‐2 secretion, intracellular reduced glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were lower while intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl proteins were higher in diabetic mothers and in their newborns as compared to their respective controls. Linseed oil induced a reduction in T‐lymphocyte proliferation and IL‐2 production, and alpha linolenic acid membrane enrichment in both diabetic and control groups. In the presence of Nigel oil, T‐lymphocyte proliferation and IL‐2 secretion, phospholipid linoleic and oleic acids were enhanced. Olive oil had no effect on lymphocyte proliferation in all groups. Linseed, olive and Nigel oils induced an increase in T cell levels of reduced glutathione levels and in activities of catalase and SOD with a concomitant decrease in MDA and carbonyl protein contents.ConclusionLinseed, olive and Nigel oils had beneficial effects on T cell functions in gestational diabetes.
Two New Fossil Sawflies (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae, Xyelinae) from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: WANG Mei , RASNITSYN Alexandr P. , REN Dong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo new genera with two new species of sawflies, Cathayxyela extensa gen. et sp. nov. and Aequixyela immensa gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of southeastern Inner Mongolia, China, are assigned to the subfamily Xyelinae (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae). Cathayxyela gen. nov. can be distinguished by the third antennal article longer than the head; mesoprescutum and mesoscutellum nearly equal in length; the forewing with Sc meeting C before the junction of 1‐M and 1‐Rs; a weak and narrow pterostigma; and 3‐Cu at least 1.5 times longer than the 1m‐cu. Aequixyela gen. nov. is characterized by the third antennal article nearly as long as the head; the forewing with Rs+M approximately equal to 2‐Rs in length; 2m‐cu inclined toward the wing base and nearly reaching the middle of cell 3rm; 1m‐cu as long as the 2‐Cu and 3‐Cu; and the cell 2cua of regular hexagonal shape.
A New Carcharodontosauria (Theropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Guangxi, Southern China
Authors: MO Jinyou , ZHOU Fusheng , LI Guangning , HUANG Zhen , CAO Chenyun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new large‐bodied theropod dinosaur, Datanglong guangxiensis gen. et sp. nov., was recovered from the Lower Cretaceous Xinlong Formation of the Datang Basin, Guangxi. It is unique in several features including: posteriormost dorsal vertebra with teardrop‐shaped pneumatic foramen confined by enlarged pcdl, acpl and the centrum; posteriormost dorsal with well‐developed, horizontal prpl; posteriormost dorsal with a parapophysis projecting more laterally than the diapophysis; brevis fossa shallow with short, ridge‐like medial blade; and iliac pubic peduncle with posteroventrally expanded margin. Cladistic analysis supports the idea that this new taxon Datanglong guangxiensis is a primitive member of the Carcharodontosauria in possessing two unambiguous synapomorphies: large external pneumatic foramina and internal spaces present in the lateral surface of ilium, and a peg‐and‐socket ischiac articulation with the ilium. The presence of the new taxon from Guangxi further confirms that Carcharodontosauria were cosmopolitan large‐bodied predators during the Early‐mid Cretaceous.
Bamboo Leaf and Pollen Fossils from the Late Miocene of Eastern Zhejiang, China and their Phytogeological Significance
Authors: WANG Qiujun , MA Fujun , YANG Yi , DONG Junling , WANG Haofei , LI Ruiyun , XU Xiaohui , SUN Bainian 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFossil bamboo leaves and pollen from Upper Miocene deposits of the Shengxian Formation in Tiantai and Ninghai counties, eastern Zhejiang, China represent a rare record in Asia. The distinctive pseudopetiole and parallel venation of the leaf blades and the clearly thickened annulus of the pollen aperture place them in the subfamily Bambusoideae. Morphological analysis supports the determination of these fossil leaves as belonging to the genus Bambusium and two new species are described. Bambusium latipseudopetiolus Q.J. Wang et B.N. Sun sp. nov. has a distinctly wide pseudopetiole of 0.23 cm in width and 0.40 cm in length, several vascular bundles on parallel veins, and 5–8 lateral veins on both sides of the midrib. Bambusium longipseudopetiolus Q.J. Wang et B.N. Sun sp. nov. has a distinctly long pseudopetiole of 0.60 cm in length and 0.10 cm in width, several vascular bundles on the pseudopetiole, and 6 lateral veins on both sides of the midrib. Pollen grains from the same layer provide additional evidence of bamboos. They are characterized by 32.0–51.0 μm in diameter, a round pore 3.0–4.0 μm in diameter with a broad thickened annulus 2.5–3.5 μm around, and several conspicuous secondary folds on the exine surface. The morphological analysis leads to their assignment to Graminidites bambusoides Stuchlik. These fossils are important for the study of bamboo phytogeography in China. They demonstrate that there were bamboos growing in southeastern China during the Late Miocene and that bamboos in Zhejiang begin to diversify no later than the Late Miocene. In combination with bamboo fossils from other places, it seems that bamboos had a wide distribution across southern China during the Miocene, ranging from southwestern Yun'nan to southeastern Zhejiang.
Dating Fault Activity Based on Surface Texture of Quartz Grains from the Bailong River Fault
Authors: SHEN Junfeng , YANG Weimin , LIU Ting , HUANG Xiao , ZHENG Weijie , YU Lei , WANG Guoqiang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMuch important information referring to fault motion (e.g., fault activities period, intensity, frequency, and even dynamic background) can be revealed by resolving fault gouge, which is the result of fault motion while extruding or grinding. The field investigation encompassed sample collecting from the Bailong River fault system of the western segment of the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB); 44 samples of fault gouges were collected for quartz micro‐morphology analysis. These samples were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, 14 samples were tested for thermo‐luminescence dating. The results showed that most of the surface textures of quartz grains are characterized by fish scale, moss‐like texture, and stalactite. However, a small amount of orange peel‐like fractures and worm‐hole‐like shaped surface texture were observed. Moreover, a few typical conchoids or subconchoidal fractures in quartz grains can be seen. This implies that the Bailong River Fault was active repeatedly during the Quaternary period, but the main motion period is the Pleistocene. The 14 thermo‐luminescence dating values showed two age groups: 343.29–184.06 ka and 92.18–13.87 ka. These study data reveal that fault movement started during the Pliocene, occurred frequently in the early‐middle period of the Pleistocene, and the peak frequency of the motion was reached in the early Pleistocene. The fault motions were stopped terminated in the early Holocene. The results are significant for the natural disaster risk evaluation in the western segment of the QOB.
Enrichment of Platinum‐group Elements (PGE) and Re‐Os Isotopic Tracing for Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits
Authors: HE Xiaohu , ZHONG Hong , ZHU Weiguang , BAI Zhongjie , HU Wenjun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPlatinum‐group elements (PGE) in PGE‐rich porphyry copper (gold) deposits are mainly Pt and Pd, whereas the concentrations of other PGE (Ru, Rh, Os, Ir) are significantly low. Moreover, Pt and Pd mainly exist in sulfides in the forms of crystal lattice or tiny platinum‐group mineral (PGM) inclusions. The present data show that there is a positive relationship between Pt and Pd concentrations and Cu (Au) in porphyry copper (gold) deposits. The comparison of chondrite‐normalized PGE distribution patterns between the ore‐bearing porphyry intrusions and ore‐barren porphyry intrusions in arc setting, 187Os/188Os, 87Sr/86Sr and S isotopes for porphyry copper (gold) deposits shows that PGEs were mainly derived from the mantle, and fluids from subduction zones devoted trivial PGE to the magma. The porphyry copper (gold) deposits associated with subducted events are most probably enriched in PGE, whereas those related to crustal thickening, lithospheric delamination or underplating rarely concentrate PGE. The osmium isotopic compositions in porphyry copper (gold) deposits reveal that (187Os/188Os)i values are highly variable and not lower than those of primitive upper mantle (PUM) and mantle peridotite, however, osmium concentrations are commonly lower than mantle peridotite, suggesting that parental magmas of some porphyry intrusions had experienced crustal contamination during magma evolution. Experimental investigations have proved that PGE exist in the forms of Cl− and HS− complexes during transportation and migration of the ore‐forming fluids. This paper summarizes previous studies including crucial controlling factors and mechanisms for PGE enrichment, and points out that the mantle‐derived magmas parental to porphyry intrusions are the prerequisite for PGE enrichment in porphyry copper (gold) deposits. Favorable physical and chemical conditions (including salinity, temperature, pressure, pH, and oxygen fugacity) in hydrothermal fluids crucially control the PGE enrichment, and sulfur concentrations of melts play important roles in this process as well.
Patterns of diapause frequency and emergence in swede midges of southern Ontario
Authors: Des Marteaux Lauren E. , Schmidt Jonathan M. , Habash Marc B. , Hallett Rebecca H. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

The swede midge is an invasive pest of crucifers in North America and exhibits temporal plasticity in diapause; diapause frequencies change throughout the growing season and spring emergence is typically bimodal. Factors controlling the timing of swede midge diapause events are not well understood.
Pre‐diapause larval swede midge populations were isolated within cages in the field and tracked for emergence over 3 years.
Diapause frequency was inversely correlated with photoperiod and absolute maximum air temperature, however photoperiod did not influence emergence timing. Emergence from diapause occurred in two large peaks, in mid‐June and early July, with a third, smaller peak in late August. Emergence phenotypes may correspond to different diapause durations from 236 to 296 days, or post‐diapause development requiring between 516 and 1449 degree days. Approximately 2% of swede midges overwintered for 2 years.
Early control efforts would be most effective if they targeted the diapausing cohort (i.e. adults emerging June to July) to prevent damage by subsequent generations. Although few individuals overwintered for 2 years, prolonged diapause should be considered when crop rotation is employed for swede midge management.
Validation of genetic polymorphisms on BTA14 associated with carcass trait in a commercial Hanwoo population
Authors: Sharma A. , Dang C. G. , Kim K. S. , Kim J. J. , Lee H. K. , Kim H. C. , Yeon S. H. , Kang H. S. , Lee S. H. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe objective of this study was to validate the association of significant SNPs identified from a previous genome‐wide association study with carcass weight (CWT) in a commercial Hanwoo population. We genotyped 13 SNPs located on BTA14 in 867 steers from Korea Hanwoo feedlot bulls. Of these 13 SNPs, five SNPs, namely rs29021868, rs110061498, rs109546980, rs42404006 and rs42303720, were found to be significantly associated (P < 0.001) with CWT. These five significant markers spanned the 24.3 to 29.4 Mb region of BTA14. The most significant marker (rs29021868) for CWT in this study had a 13.07 kg allele substitution effect and accounted for 2.4% of the additive genetic variance in the commercial Hanwoo population. The SNP marker rs109546980 was found to be significantly associated with both CWT (P < 0.001) and eye muscle area (P < 0.001) and could potentially be exploited for marker‐assisted selection in Hanwoo cattle. We also genotyped the ss319607402 variation, which maps to intron2 of PLAG1 gene and which is already reported to be associated with height, to identify any significant association with carcass weight; however, no such association was observed in this Hanwoo commercial population.
The localization of GATA2 in the nuclear and cytoplasmic regions of ovine conceptuses
Authors: Bai Hanako , Sakurai Toshihiro , Bai Rulan , Godkin James D. , Imakawa Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGATA transcription factors are emerging as critical regulators in trophoblast development and its gene regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and cellular localization of GATA2 in ovine conceptuses during the peri‐implantation period. In Western blot analyses, GATA2 proteins were found in days 15, 17 and 21 ovine conceptuses (day 0 = day of estrus). Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses, we found that GATA2 was localized in days 15, 17 and 21 ovine conceptuses, and more importantly, GATA2 protein was detected in both nuclear and cytoplasmic regions of the trophectoderm. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that GATA2 is localized in two cellular compartments of the trophectoderm in ovine and many other mammalian species, and suggests that the difference in GATA2 location plays a role in the regulation of down‐stream genes during the early pregnancy period.