bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A disease‐specific enteral nutrition formula improves nutritional status and functional performance in patients with head and neck and esophageal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy: Results of a randomized, controlled, multicenter trial
Authors: Fietkau Rainer , Lewitzki Victor , Kuhnt Thomas , Hölscher Tobias , Hess Clemens‐F. , Berger Bernhard , Wiegel Thomas , Rödel Claus , Niewald Marcus , Hermann Robert M. , Lubgan Dorota 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDIn patients with head and neck and esophageal tumors, nutritional status may deteriorate during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of enteral nutrition enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on body composition and nutritional and functional status.METHODSIn a controlled, randomized, prospective, double‐blind, multicenter study, 111 patients with head and neck and esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent CRT received either an enteral standard nutrition (control group) or disease‐specific enteral nutrition Supportan®‐containing EPA+DHA (experimental group) via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. The primary endpoint was the change of body cell mass (BCM) following CRT at weeks 7 and 14 compared with the baseline value. Secondary endpoints were additional parameters of body composition, anthropometric parameters, and nutritional and functional status.RESULTSThe primary endpoint of the study, improvement in BCM, reached borderline statistical significance. Following CRT, patients with experimental nutrition lost only 0.82 ± 0.64 kg of BCM compared with 2.82 ± 0.77 kg in the control group (P = .055). The objectively measured nutritional parameters, such as body weight and fat‐free mass, showed a tendency toward improvement, but the differences were not significant. The subjective parameters, in particular the Kondrup score (P = .0165) and the subjective global assessment score (P = .0065) after follow‐up improved significantly in the experimental group, compared with the control group. Both enteral regimens were safe and well tolerated.CONCLUSIONEnteral nutrition with EPA and DHA may be advantageous in patients with head and neck or esophageal cancer by improving parameters of nutritional and functional status during CRT. Cancer 2013;119:3343–53. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Enhanced Performance in Inverted Polymer Solar Cells with D–π–A‐Type Molecular Dye Incorporated on ZnO Buffer Layer
Authors: Song Chang Eun , Ryu Ka Yeon , Hong Seong‐Jin , Bathula Chinna , Lee Sang Kyu , Shin Won Suk , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Choi Si Kyung , Kim Joo Hyun , Moon Sang‐Jin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe report the superior characteristics of a ZnO buffer layer covered with a phenothiazine‐based, π‐conjugated donor–acceptor (D–π–A)‐type organic dye (called “d‐ZnO”). The use of this system for the performance enhancement of inverted bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) with the configuration of indium tin oxide/d‐ZnO/polymer:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag (PC71BM=[6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester) is investigated. The layer of organic dyes anchored on the ZnO surface through carboxylate bonding reduces the shunt path on bare ZnO surface and provides better interfacial contacts and energy level alignments between the ZnO layer and the photoactive layer. This phenomenon consequently leads to highly enhanced photovoltaic parameters (fill factor, open‐circuit voltage, and short‐circuit current density) and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Inverted solar cells containing the d‐ZnO layer not only revealed about 34 % (PCE: 4.37 %) and 18 % (PCE: 7.11 %) improvement in the PCEs of the representative poly‐3(hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and low‐band‐gap poly{[4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyl‐thiophene‐5‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐[2‐(2’‐ethylhexanoyl)‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophen‐4,6‐diyl]} (PBDTTT‐C‐T) polymer systems, respectively, but also showed 2–4 times longer device lifetimes than their counterparts without the organic dye layer. These results demonstrate that this simple approach used in inverted PSCs with a metal oxide buffer layer could become a promising procedure to fabricate highly efficient and stable PSCs.
Nichtlinearer Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten
Authors: Butenweg Christoph , Gellert Christoph 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn dem Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Ergebnisse des durch die Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen “Otto von Guericke“ e.V. AIF geförderten Forschungsprojektes Nr. 15824 N zum nichtlinearen Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten unter seismischen Beanspruchungen sowie deren Verwendung in weitergehenden Arbeiten vorgestellt. Inhaltlich wurden in dem Projekt durch experimentelle Untersuchungen zyklische Last‐Verformungskurven für Schubwände aus Ziegelmauerwerk unter Berücksichtigung der Exzentrizitäten an Wandkopf und Wandfuß ermittelt. Aus diesen wurden bilineare Approximationen für die Last‐Verformungskurven der Schubwände abgeleitet, die dann im Rahmen von nichtlinearen verformungsbasierten Berechnungen zur systematischen rechnerischen Untersuchung von verschiedenen Gebäudekonfigurationen verwendet wurden.Nonlinear safety verification of masonry buildings under earthquake loading. Results of the AIF research project. The article presents the essential results of the AIF research project No. 15824 N about the nonlinear safety verification of masonry buildings under earthquake loading and their application in further projects. Within the project cyclic load‐displacement curves were determined by means of experimental tests considering the eccentricities at the wall top and bottom. The obtained experimental results were used for the derivation of bilinear approximated load‐displacement curves of masonry shear walls and applied in nonlinear deformation based calculations of different building configurations.
Lochmauerwerk – eine Bestandsaufnahme und Lösungsansätze zum Tragverhalten
Authors: Schmidt Falko , Ortlepp Sebastian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLochmauerwerk ist sehr durchlässig hinsichtlich Luft, Schall, Wärme und Licht. Dadurch ist es für bestimmte Einsatzgebiete prädestiniert. Insbesondere bei Projekten mit begrenzten finanziellen Mitteln und/oder engen terminlichen Zwängen ist der Einsatz der licht‐ und luftdurchlässigen Bauweise empfehlenswert, weil diese Konstruktionsart materialeffizient, einfach und schnell realisierbar ist. In unbeheizten Bereichen zeigt diese aufgelöste Wand ihre besonderen architektonischen Vorzüge durch spezielle Lichteffekte. Ein beginnendes Forschungsprojekt an der TU Dresden wird umfangreiche Untersuchungen an dieser Leichtbauweise durchführen, um neue Erkenntnisse zum Tragverhalten zu erlangen.Hole‐masonry – an inventory including approaches for structural behavior. Hole‐Masonry has high permeabilities to air, noise, heat and light. Due to this, particular applications are favored. Thereby result favorites for its applications. Even in projects with limited resources, the use of a light and air permeable structure is recommended because this type of construction is efficient, quick and easy realizable. This separate casting wall shows in unheated rooms its particular advantages of special light effects. A starting research project at the “Technische Universität Dresden” will do extensive investigations on the behaviour of lightweight construction for publishing new results for the load bearing capacity.
Associations between inhibitory control, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and externalizing problems in early childhood
Authors: Utendale William T. , Nuselovici Jacob , Saint‐Pierre Arnaud B. , Hubert Michele , Chochol Caroline , Hastings Paul D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPolyvagal theory provides a framework for understanding connections between children's autonomic regulation, cognitive functioning, and behavioral adjustment. Parasympathetic regulation has been associated with executive functions and externalizing problems (EP), and children with EP demonstrate deficits in inhibition of prepotent responding, or inhibitory control (IC). We examined parasympathetic regulation of cardiac reactivity during two IC tasks in 144 children (M = 5.61 years, SD = 1.09) ranging from low to clinical levels of EP. Overall children with more EP evidenced greater RSA suppression during IC tasks than did children with fewer EP, and degree of RSA suppression also moderated associations between IC performance and EP. Only for children who showed stronger RSA suppression was accuracy of IC response inversely associated with EP, and latency of response for one task positively associated with EP. This study provides insight into the role of parasympathetic mechanisms in children's cognitive regulation of impulsive and aggressive behaviors. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 686–699, 2014.
N‐Heterocyclic Gallylene Supported Organoruthenium Derivatives – Synthesis, Structure, and C–H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Doddi Adinarayana , Prabusankar Ganesan , Gemel Christian , Winter Manuela , Fischer Roland A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe reaction of the low‐valent and sterically bulky gallium(I) compound Ga(DDP) (1, DDP = 2‐diisopropylphenylamino‐4‐diisopropylimino‐2‐pentene) with an equimolar amount of the tetrahydrido‐bridged complex [Cp*Ru(μ‐H)2]2 (2, Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadiene) in toluene at 70 °C results in the Ga(DDP)‐bridged diruthenium complex [(Cp*Ru)2(μ‐H)2{μ‐Ga(DDP)}] (3). Furthermore, a cyclometallated ruthenium complex, [(η6‐p‐cymene)Ru(DDP)Ga(µ‐Cl){Ga(Cl)(N{C6H3iPr2})2(µ2‐CH2C4H5)}] (6), is isolated from the reaction of five equivalents of 1 with [(η6‐p‐cymene)RuCl2]2 (4) in n‐hexane at reflux. The red crystalline compound 3 contains a [Cp*Ru] dimer bridged by Ga(DDP) and two hydrido ligands with a Ga–Ru–Ru triangle. Compound 6 is obtained by a C–H bond cleavage process of a CH3 group in 1 followed by intramolecular rearrangement. The new compounds are fully characterized by NMR (1H, 13C) spectroscopy, liquid injection field desorption MS (LIFDI‐MS), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Total Synthesis of Umuravumbolide and Hyptolide Through Silicon‐Tethered Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Chowdhury Partha Sarathi , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe total synthesis of umuravumbolide and hyptolide has been achieved in a efficient manner by using temporary silicon‐tethered ring‐closing metathesis and cross‐coupling reactions as key steps. The stereogenic centres were generated by means of proline‐catalysed α‐aminoxylation of aldehydes and Brown's asymmetric allylation method.
Synthesis of Specific Solvatochromic D‐π‐A Dyes with Pyridinium Ring as Electron‐Withdrawing Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Oda Yuichiro , Mizumo Tomonobu , Harima Yutaka , Ohshita Joji 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpecific solvatochromic D‐π‐A‐type pyridinium dyes were designed and developed as photosensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes have N‐sulfobutylpyridinium or N‐(carboxybutyl)pyridinium bromide as an electron‐withdrawing anchoring group. The two dyes show specific solvatochromism, leading to a large bathochromic shift of the absorption band in halogenated solvents. Moreover, a dye‐adsorbed TiO2 film immersed into halogenated solvents exhibits specific solvatochromism, as does a dye solution of halogenated solvents. DSSCs based on specific solvatochromic D‐π‐A‐type pyridinium dyes and halogenated solvents as electrolyte solvent were prepared and their photovoltaic performance investigated. It was found that the appropriate combination of solvatochromic dyes with electrolyte solution and the effective interaction between solvatochromic dyes and TiO2 surface can lead to not only an enhancement of light‐harvesting efficiency (LHE), but also efficient electron injection from the dye to the conduction band (CB) of TiO2. This work demonstrates that the solvatochromism of organic dyes is a key consideration for high‐performance DSSCs based on organic dye sensitizers.
Solvent‐Controlled Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes and Esters
Authors: Zhu Yefeng , Wei Yunyang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA procedure for the copper‐catalyzed selective oxidation of primary alcohols to esters and aldehydes was developed. Under solvent‐free conditions, self‐oxidative esterification and cross‐esterification of benzyl alcohols with various aliphatic alcohols proceed smoothly to give the corresponding esters in good yields. If DMF was used as a solvent, the benzyl alcohols were selectively converted into the corresponding aldehydes in excellent yields.
Di-n-butyl phthalate causes antiestrogenic effects in female murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)
Authors: Bhatia Harpreet , Kumar Anupama , Du Jun , Chapman John , McLaughlin Mike J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) is an industrial pollutant with antiandrogenic effects reported in male mammals and fish. Little research has been done on the endocrine effects of DnBP in female fish. The present study investigated the changes in ovarian histology and serum vitellogenin concentrations in adult Murray rainbowfish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) after exposure to 125 µg/L, 250 µg/L, 500 µg/L, and 1000 µg/L DnBP for 7 d. Treatment at 125 µg/L to 1000 µg/L DnBP for 7 d had no significant effect on the survival, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and developmental stage of the fish. Based on the histological investigation, the sizes of the previtellogenic oocytes in the fish treated at 250 µg/L to 1000 µg/L were found to be significantly higher than in the corresponding control fish (p ≤ 0.05). The early vitellogenic oocytes in the fish treated at 1000 µg/L were significantly smaller relative to those in the unexposed fish (p ≤ 0.05). Histological changes like chorion folding, shrunken ooplasm, impaired yolk production, granulomatous inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis were observed in the ovaries of the fish treated with DnBP. The circulating levels of plasma vitellogenin were significantly lower in the fish exposed to 500 µg/L and 1000 µg/L DnBP (p ≤ 0.05). These data show that a continuous exposure to subacute concentrations of DnBP for 7 d can cause antiestrogenicity in female adult Murray rainbowfish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2335–2344. © 2013 SETAC
Stabilisation of reduced order models via restarting
Authors: Wales C. , Gaitonde A. , Jones D. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThis paper describes the development, implementation and validation of an explicit restarting scheme to stabilise reduced order models produced using the Eigensystem Realisation Algorithm. Here, the method is applied to a continuous time fluid dynamics model that is actually solved in discrete time space using a CFD approach. However, the methods described are generic and could be applied to any other similar dynamically linear system. The basic restarting approach successfully stabilises ROMs in the majority of cases. However, there are cases where this approach breaks down. The reasons for this breakdown in the basic restarting scheme are discussed, and the strategies for overcoming this problem are described. These include creating ROMs restricted to a range of time step sizes for a specific finite difference scheme and a more general approach using inexact shifts that overcome the problems associated with closely located eigenvalues. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality assessment of butter cookies applying multispectral imaging
Authors: Andresen Mette S. , Dissing Bjørn S. , Løje Hanne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA method for characterization of butter cookie quality by assessing the surface browning and water content using multispectral images is presented. Based on evaluations of the browning of butter cookies, cookies were manually divided into groups. From this categorization, reference values were calculated for a statistical prediction model correlating multispectral images with a browning score. The browning score is calculated as a function of oven temperature and baking time. It is presented as a quadratic response surface. The investigated process window was the intervals 4–16 min and 160–200°C in a forced convection electrically heated oven. In addition to the browning score, a model for predicting the average water content based on the same images is presented. This shows how multispectral images of butter cookies may be used for the assessment of different quality parameters. Statistical analysis showed that the most significant wavelengths for browning predictions were in the interval 400–700 nm and the wavelengths significant for water prediction were primarily located in the near‐infrared spectrum. The water prediction model was found to correctly estimate the average water content with an absolute error of 0.22%. From the images it was also possible to follow the browning and drying propagation from the cookie edge toward the center.
TRMM precipitation bias in extreme storms in South America
Authors: Rasmussen Kristen L. , Choi Stella L. , Zuluaga Manuel D. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDeep convective storms in subtropical South America are some of the most intense in the world, and the hydrological cycle plays an important role in both tropical and subtropical South America. Recent studies have suggested that the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar algorithm significantly underestimates surface rainfall in deep convection over land. This study investigates the range of the rain bias in storms containing four different types of extreme radar echoes: deep convective cores, deep and wide convective cores, wide convective cores, and broad stratiform regions over South America. Storms with deep convective cores show the greatest underestimation, and the bias is unrelated to their echo top height. The bias in wide convective cores relates to the echo top, indicating that storms with significant mixed phase and ice hydrometeors are similarly affected by assumptions in the TRMM algorithm. The relationship between storm type and rain bias remains similar in both subtropical and tropical regions.
The Shared Experiences: Facilitating Successful Transfer of Women and Underrepresented Minorities in STEM Fields
Authors: Jackson Dimitra Lynette , Starobin Soko S. , Laanan Frankie Santos 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis chapter addresses critical issues related to the transfer success of women and underrepresented minorities (URMs) in STEM disciplines and will highlight implications for fostering a successful transfer experience for these populations.
Biocompatibility assessment of porous chitosan‐Nafion and chitosan‐PTFE composites in vivo
Authors: Liu Bo‐Ji , Ma Li‐Nan , Su Juan , Jing Wei‐Wei , Wei Min‐Jie , Sha Xian‐Zheng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChitosan (CS) is widely used as a scaffold material in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to test whether porous chitosan membrane (PCSM) coating for Nafion used in implantable sensor reduced fibrous capsule (FC) density and promoted superior vascularization compared with PCSM coating for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PCSM was fabricated with solvent casting/particulate leaching method using silica gel as porogen and characterized in vitro. Then, PCSM‐Nafion and PCSM‐PTFE composites were assembled with hydrated PCSM and implanted subcutaneously in rats. The histological analysis was performed in comparison with Nafion and PTFE. Implants were explanted 35, 65, and 100 days after the implantation. Histological assessments indicated that both composites achieved presumed effects of porous coatings on decreasing collagen deposition and promoting angiogenesis. PCSM‐PTFE exerted higher collagen deposition by area ratio, both within and outside, compared with that of PCSM‐Nafion. Angiogenesis within and outside the PCSM‐Nafion both increased over time, but that of the PCSM‐PTFE within decreased. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 2055–2060, 2014.
Duration of Antiresorptive Effects of Low-Dose Zoledronate in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Grey Andrew , Bolland Mark , Mihov Bobby , Wong Sumwai , Horne Anne , Gamble Greg , Reid Ian R 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Annual intravenous administration of 5 mg zoledronate decreases fracture risk, but the optimal dosing regimen for zoledronate has not been determined. We set out to evaluate the antiresorptive effects of a single administration of lower doses of zoledronate. A total of 180 postmenopausal women with osteopenia enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial over 2 years at an academic research center. Participants were randomized to a single baseline administration of intravenous zoledronate in doses of 1 mg, 2.5 mg, or 5 mg, or placebo. The primary endpoint was change in bone mineral density(BMD) at the lumbar spine. Secondary endpoints were change in BMD at the proximal femur and total body, and changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover. After 2 years, the change in spine BMD was greater in each of the zoledronate groups than in the placebo group; values are mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) difference versus placebo: zoledronate 1 mg 4.4% [2.7% to 6.1%]; 2.5 mg 5.5% [3.9% to 7.2%]; 5 mg 5.3% [3.8% to 6.7%], p &lt; 0.001 for each dose). Change in BMD at the total hip was greater in each of the zoledronate groups than the placebo group (mean [95% CI] difference versus placebo: zoledronate 1 mg 2.6% [1.5% to 3.7%]; 2.5 mg 4.4% [3.5% to 5.3%]; 5 mg 4.7% [3.7% to 5.7%], p &lt; 0.001 for each dose). Each of the bone turnover markers, β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) and procollagen type-I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), was lower in each of the 2.5-mg and 5-mg zoledronate groups than the placebo group throughout the trial (p &lt; 0.001 versus placebo for each marker for each dose at each time point). For each endpoint, changes were similar in the 2.5-mg and 5-mg zoledronate groups, whereas those in the 1-mg group were smaller than those in the other zoledronate groups. These data demonstrate that single administrations of zoledronate 1 mg or 2.5 mg produce antiresorptive effects that persist for at least 2 years. Trials assessing the antifracture efficacy of intermittent low doses of zoledronate, in particular the 2.5-mg dose, are justified. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bounds and Constructions for Two‐Dimensional Variable‐Weight Optical Orthogonal Codes
Authors: Cheng Minquan , Jiang Jing , Wu Dianhua 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOptical orthogonal codes (1D constant‐weight OOCs or 1D CWOOCs) were first introduced by Salehi as signature sequences to facilitate multiple access in optical fibre networks. In fiber optic communications, a principal drawback of 1D CWOOCs is that large bandwidth expansion is required if a big number of codewords is needed. To overcome this problem, a two‐dimensional (2D) (constant‐weight) coding was introduced. Many optimal 2D CWOOCs were obtained recently. A 2D CWOOC can only support a single QoS (quality of service) class. A 2D variable‐weight OOC (2D VWOOC) was introduced to meet multiple QoS requirements. A 2D VWOOC is a set of 0, 1 matrices with variable weight, good auto, and cross‐correlations. Little is known on the construction of optimal 2D VWOOCs. In this paper, new upper bound on the size of a 2D VWOOC is obtained, and several new infinite classes of optimal 2D VWOOCs are obtained.