bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serial Presurgical Orthopedics for Eye Repositioning and Optimization of Soft-Tissue Repair in an Infant with Tessier No. 4 Cleft
Authors: Esenlik Elçin , Aydin Mustafa Asim , Spolyar John L. 
Published: June 2015

Objective A male patient with Tessier No. 4 cleft (unilateral left) presented at 20 days of age. The cleft defect beginning between the cupid bow and oral commissure extended to the ipsilateral orbital floor, skirting the nose and lacrimal duct while passing through the cheek medial to the infraorbital nerve. With the lesser segment disposed 16 mm transversely, the wide gap included an absence of orbital floor and lower eyelid. A deficient midfacial platform caused a severe inferior globe dystopia, superiorly displaced left ala base, and severe vertical shortening between ala-canthus and ala-globe. Intervention A modified Latham device applied directional orthopedics to contract the cleft gap and with an eye part added to elevate the dystopic globe. Two different Latham devices used in succession were each applied for 4 weeks. Lastly, a removable plate further repositioned the eye. Each appliance was designed to differentially move the noncleft and cleft segments of the maxilla. Presurgical orthopedics began at 3 weeks lasted 14 weeks. Intraoperatively at 17 weeks, the inferior globe dystopia was effectively reduced, and the cleft gaps were nearly closed and aligned at the orbital floor, cheek, and the alveolus. Respecting the aesthetic units of face became possible with the soft-tissue repair yet were tight enough in the malar region to retract the lower lid. Conclusion The presurgical directional orthopedic and eye-globe mechanics were sufficient to enable medial canthal repositioning, sustainable correction of orbital distopia, and optimized primary soft-tissue repair. Early result suggests that surgery with presurgical orthopedics is superior to surgery alone.
Testing Integrated Management Strategies for Tall Buttercup (Ranunculus acris) in Irrigated Hayfield Meadows
Authors: Strevey Hally K. , Mangold Jane M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTall buttercup is an invasive forb that has been reported in all but eight states and one Canadian province. The species has been of concern in Montana where it has invaded over 8,300 ha, and it has been particularly problematic in irrigated hayfield meadows that are used for forage production. This study sought to develop an integrated management strategy to control tall buttercup while maintaining forage production. Research was conducted over 2 yr at flood-irrigated and subirrigated hayfield meadows near Twin Bridges, MT. Treatments were randomly applied in a split-plot design with four replications at both sites. Herbicide treatments occurred at the whole-plot level: nonsprayed, aminopyralid (172 g ai ha−1), aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron (83 g ai ha−1+ 33 g ai ha−1), and dicamba (981 g ai ha−1). Split plots consisted of mowing and fertilization (28 kg N ha−1). All herbicides provided up to 2 yr of tall buttercup control at both sites. In the second year, aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron and aminopyralid reduced tall buttercup by 93% and 96%, respectively, for the subirrigated and flood-irrigated sites. At the subirrigated site, mowing reduced tall buttercup by 71%, and fertilization reduced it by 57%. Forage decreased following aminocyclopyrachlor + chlorsulfuron treatments. The integration of herbicide, mowing, and fertilization did not improve tall buttercup control.
Presentació
Authors: Oriol Carazo Carme , Samper Prunera Emili 
Published: June 2015

Enguany es commemora el bicentenari de la publicació del primer volum dels Kinder- und Hausmärchen (1812), dels germans Jacob i Wilhelm Grimm, obra que, a més del seu indiscutible valor com a peça literària universal, va suposar l’inici de l’estudi de la rondallística com a disciplina científica. Per aquest motiu, creiem que la millor manera de començar aquesta revista és fer-ho amb un dossier monogràfic dedicat a «La figura i l’obra dels germans Grimm», format per sis articles que estudien, des de diferents perspectives, aspectes concrets i àmbits diversos (tots complementaris) de la seva obra, des d’un context internacional.
Pòrtic
Authors: Oriol Carazo Carme , Pujol Sanmartín Josep M. 
Published: June 2015

La revista Estudis de Literatura Oral Popular neix des de l’Arxiu de Folklore del Departament de Filologia Catalana de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili (creat el 1994 i únic en el seu gènere vinculat a una universitat catalana) amb la voluntat d’esdevenir una plataforma de divulgació de la recerca en el terreny de la «literatura oral popular», una literatura que, des d’una perspectiva actual, entenem com a comunicació artística interactiva.
Habits of fluid and electrolytes intake in elite athletes
Authors: Pašalić Arzija , Jusupovic Fatima , Rudić Aida , Mahmutović Jasmina , Branković Suada , Jaganjac Amila 
Published: June 2015

Introduction: Dehydration develops when the body fluid losses exceed fluid intake. It may occur during exercise, heat stress, restricted fluid intake, or any combination of these. Marginal dehydration (loss of > 2% body weight) can compromise aerobic exercise performance, particularly in hot weather conditions, and may disturb fluid and electrolyte balance. The aim of the study was to determine the quantity, type and dynamic of fluid intake during athletic performance in endurance sports (football and basketball) in two age categories: juniors (under the age of 18) and seniors (over the age of 18).Methods: Research included 100 athletes playing in Premier League in Bosnia-Herzegovina. We formed groups by sport type (football and basketball) and age (<18 and ≥18 years). Questionnaire with questions about the fluid intake habits was used for data collection. Results: There were 53 football players and 47 basketball players. All the participants were male. Average age of the participants was 19.3 ± 4.58. Habit of weighing before and after training was present in less than 44% of players among all the groups. Seniors were more frequently measuring their weight compared to junior players (p=0.01). Basketball players and players younger than 18 years were most frequently taking more than 2L of water per day. Most of the players, regardless of sport type or age group were not taking at least ½ L of isotonic fluid before the training. Signs of dehydration were more frequently observed in players under 18 years old, with most frequent sign being dry throat and sudden fatigue.Conclusion: Water and electrolytes intake before, during and after training of the athletes were inadequate regardless of type of sports and the age of athletes.
Oxidative treatment of fentanyl compounds in water by sodium bromate combined with sodium sulphite
Authors: Xu Lin , Ren Lijun , Wang Zhihua , Tian Xingtao , Qi Lihong , Fan Qiping , Xiang Yulian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
As narcotic analgesics, fentanyl compounds have been commonly produced and widely used during surgical procedures. The residual and waste of fentanyl compounds have potential harmful impacts on the environment and human health. The oxidative degradation of fentanyl compounds by sodium bromate mixed systems was studied. Factors influencing the oxidation reaction, including molar ratio of NaBrO3/H+/SO32−, molar ratio of NaBrO3/fentanyl and pH, were investigated. Fentanyl, carfentanil and 3-methylfentanyl were able to be completely degraded in 30 minutes by a NaBrO3 mixed system under optimum conditions, the molar ratio of NaBrO3/H+/SO32− equal to 20:3:10, the molar ratio of NaBrO3:fentanyl compounds 50:1 and pH = 4. Sufentanil was only able to be degraded by 74% under the same conditions. The degradation products of the fentanyl compounds detected and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry suggested several possible degradation pathways.
Is Participation in the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) Program Associated with Students' Problem-Solving Skills and Professional Commitment?
Authors: Christensen Anne L. , Woodland Angela M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
The Accounting Education Change Commission (AECC 1990, 309) states accounting students “should identify and solve unstructured problems that require the use of multiple information sources. Learning by doing should be emphasized.” The Pathways Commission (2012) also emphasizes the importance of exposing students to complex, real-world problems. Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) participation is an experiential learning opportunity with real-world problems and real clients in a professional setting. Using survey data obtained from students at seven U.S. universities, we test whether students who participate in VITA programs have greater professionalism as measured by problem-solving skills and professional commitment. Our results generally indicate participation in VITA programs is positively and significantly associated with problem-solving skills, but not with commitment to the profession. We do not find strong evidence that the association between VITA participation and problem solving differs significantly between traditional (age 25 and under) and nontraditional students (over age 25) or that the association differs significantly for students who intend to pursue tax careers and those who do not. Our study contributes to the extant literature on the effectiveness of experiential learning, to our understanding of attributes of professionalism in students, and to the specific benefits of the VITA program.
Determination of activity concentration of natural and artificial radionuclides in sand samples from mediterranean coast of Antalya in Turkey
Authors: Eke C. , Boztosun I. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we attempt to determine the activity concentration of natural and artificial radionuclides in 37 sand samples from the Mediterranean coast of Antalya in Turkey by using a high purity Germanium (HpGe) detector. 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity, external and internal hazard index of sand samples are determined res-pectively. The average values are 13.43 ± 0.21 Bq/kg, 6.96 ± 0.06 Bq/kg and, 122.46 ± 18.58 Bq/kg, for 238U, 232Th and 40K respectively. Most of the activity concentration values are less than below minimum detection limit for 137Cs. The average values of the absorbed dose rate D (nGy/h), annual effective dose equivalent AEDE(μSv/y), radium equivalent activity Raeq (Bq/kg), external hazard index Hex and internal hazard index Hin are 15.52 nGy/h, 19.03 μSv/y, 32.81 Bq/kg, 0.09 and 0.12 respectively. It is observed that 238U, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs activity concentrations, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, radium equivalent activity are in the limit of the published values, external and internal hazard index values are less than unity.
Safety assessment of fuel cycle facilities following the lessons learned from the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant
Authors: Shokr A. M. , Carr V. M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The feedback from the accident at the Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant is crucial for defining and implementing measures for preventing accidents involving large releases of radioactive material at nuclear installations, including nuclear fuel cycle facilities. Following the lessons learned from this accident, assessment of the safety of nuclear fuel cycle facilities is essential to evaluate the robustness of the facilities' protection systems and components against the impact of extreme external events. A methodology to perform this safety assessment is presented, with discussions on possible preventive measures to be applied and mitigatory actions to be taken for further improvement of the robustness of nuclear fuel cycle facilities when subjected to extreme external events. Considerations in the assessment of multi-facility sites and use of a graded approach, commensurate with the facility's potential hazard, in application of the safety assessment methodology are also discussed.
Numerical solution of diffusion equation to study fast neutrons flux distribution for variant radii of nuclear fuel pin and moderator regions
Authors: Mousavi Shirazi S. A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this symbolic investigation, a cylindrical cell in a LWR, which consists of one fuel pin and moderator (water), is considered. The width of this cylindrical cell is divided into 100 equal units. Since the neutron flux in a cylindrical fuel pin is resulting from the diffusion equation:

-

1
r

d

d
r

φ

(
r
)

+

∑
a

φ

(
r
)

=
S

(
r
)

$ - \frac{1}{r}\frac{d}{{dr}}\varphi \left( r \right) + \mathop \sum \nolimits_a \varphi \left( r \right) = S\left( r \right)$

, the amount of fast neutron fluxes are obtained on the basis of the numeric solution of this equation, and the applied boundary conditions are considered:

φ
′

(
0
)

=

φ
′

(
1
)

=
0

$\varphi '\left( 0 \right) = \varphi '\left( 1 \right) = 0$

. This differential equation is solved by the tridiagonal method for variant enrichments of uranium. Neutron fluxes are obtained in variant radii of fuel pin and moderator and are finally compared with each other. There are some interesting outcomes resulting from this investigation. It can be inferred that because of the fuel enrichment increment, the fast neutron flux increases significantly at the centre of core, while many of the fast neutrons produced are absorbed after entering the water region, moderation of lots of them causes the reduced neutron flux to get improved in this region.
Importance weighting of local flux measurements to improve reactivity predictions in nuclear systems
Authors: Dulla S. , Hoh Siew Sin , Nervo M. , Ravetto P. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The reactivity monitoring is a key aspect for the safe operation of nuclear reactors, especially for subcritical source-driven systems. Various methods are available for both off-line and on-line reactivity determination from direct measurements carried out on the reactor. Usually the methods are based on the inverse point kinetic model applied to signals from neutron detectors and results may be severely affected by spatial and spectral effects. Such effects need to be compensated and correction procedures have to be applied. In this work, a new approach is proposed, by using the full information from different local measurements to generate a global signal through a proper weighting of the signals provided by single neutron detectors. A weighting techique based on the use of the adjoint flux proves to be efficient in improving the prediction capability of inverse techniques. The idea is applied to the recently developed algorithm, named MAρTA, that can be used in both off-line and on-line modes.
Revisiting Phonotactic Generalizations in Australian Languages
Authors: Gasser Emily , Bowern Claire 
Published: June 2015

Australian languages are famous for their uniform phonological systems. Cross-linguistic surveys of (or including) Australian languages have reinforced this view of Australian inventories and phonotactics. Such uniformity is surprising and unusual given the phylogenetic diversity in the country (28 phylic families). Moreover, although Australianists have assumed that uniformity in phonemic inventory is coupled with unity in phonotactics, this has not been tested. Here we statistically test the generalizations current in the literature on Australian languages by deriving inventory information from lexical data (rather than grammatical descriptions). We utilize a comparative database of lexical items from predominantly Pama-Nyungan languages in order to test published generalizations about phoneme inventories, phonotactics, and other phenomena (such as root internal vowel harmony patterns). By using lexical materials to derive inventories and segment frequencies, we are able to assemble a nuanced picture of the diversity of systems present among the languages. Inventory studies confirm, to some degree, the impression of uniformity. However, phoneme frequencies vary substantially across the sample even among languages with similar inventory types. This work is of particular importance to phonological typologies of Australian languages, but it has implications for wider phonological theory as well. The survey used here is the largest comparative database of a single language family. Rarely do we have the opportunity to conduct a large-scale typological investigation of related languages in this way. We also make a contribution to the role of typology in Optimality Theory. A large-scale survey of markedness patterns (in related languages) allows us to study occurring and non-occurring grammars. Finally, we can investigate the predictions of competing theories.
A cyclic factorial typology of Pama-Nyungan stress
Authors: Stanton Juliet 
Published: June 2015

<p>I investigate the nature of accentual faithfulness constraints and their rankings relative to markedness constraints, starting from an analysis of stress in 23 Pama-Nyungan (PN) and neighboring Australian aboriginal languages (e.g. Pintupi, Diyari, Warlpiri). In many of these systems, unsuffixed forms are stressed identically, but suffixed forms differ according to the type of paradigmatic uniformity effect observed. The proposed account differs from prior work (e.g. Crowhurst 1994, Kager 1997, Kenstowicz 1998) as it does not appeal to feet and uses directional base-derivative (BD) identity constraints (Benua 1997) to model cyclic effects. </p><p>Predictions of the constraint set are explored through a factorial typology. To constrain the typology’s predictions, I introduce the visibility hypothesis: constraints backed by positive evidence from frequent forms dominate constraints that lack such evidence. Integrating the visibility hypothesis into the factorial typology results in accurately restrictive predictions for the typology of stress-morphology interactions.</p>
Truncation in the Spanish left-periphery: fragment answers and recomplementation
Authors: De Cuba Carlos , MacDonald Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we discuss the contrast between two classes of predicates in Spanish: those that can embed fragment answers and those that cannot. We show that these predicate classes differ not only in the general the availability of fragment answers but also in the availability of the complementizer <em>que </em>in certain constructions as well as the availability of the phenomenon known as <em>recomplementation</em>,<em> </em>as discussed by Villa-García (2012) and Demonte &amp; Fernández-Soriano (2009). We propose that the syntactic differences between the two classes of predicates arise because these predicates select different types of clausal complements.
Dynamic Semantics, Derived Presuppositions, and the Proviso Problem
Authors: Schueler David Edward 
Published: June 2015

<p>The proviso problem (Geurts 1996) is a descriptive inadequacy of satisfaction-type theories of presupposition projection (Heim 1983). DRT models (Geurts 1999) predict the (b) (strengthened) presuppositions below, but DRT fails to model true conditional presuppositions like (1a).</p><p>(1) a. Presupposition<sub>sat</sub>: b. Presupposition<sub>default</sub>:</p><p> </p><p>(2)) a. Presupposition<sub>sat</sub>: b. Presupposition<sub>default</sub>: and</p>I propose with DRT that strengthening is structural, but within a fully compositional variant of Heim’s (1983) dynamic semantics.
Unified by degrees
Authors: Zaroukian Erin 
Published: June 2015

<p>Modifiers like <em>approximately </em>appear to target degrees within quantifiers (Hackl, 2000; Nouwen, 2010).</p><p>These are often degrees of cardinality, as in <em>approximately 20</em>, but can also be degrees in other domains, as in <em>approximately gluten-free</em>. <em>Approximately </em>can also modify certain verbs like <em>doubled</em>, raising the question of whether these verbs should likewise be treated as degrees, allowing for a unified account of <em>approximately</em>. I argue for a unified account of <em>approximately </em>(and similar modifiers like <em>exactly</em>,</p><p><em>almost</em>, and <em>roughly</em>) as a ‘degree modifier’ (Hackl, 2000) such that it combines directly with a degree before composing with remaining material. </p>
Swedish relative clauses as weak island
Authors: Lindahl Filippa 
Published: June 2015

<p>Some recent accounts of relative clause extraction (RCE) in Swedish assume that clauses that allow extraction do not themselves involve A-bar dependencies, and that RCE is possible only from subject relatives (e.g. Kush et al. 2013). I present evidence that Swedish allows A-bar movement from non-subject RCs as well. But not just any type of phrase can be extracted. For example, certain non-argument wh-phrases cannot move out. This means that Swedish RCs are weak, rather than strong islands (cf. Szabolcsi 2006). Szabolcsi takes an algebraic approach to weak islands where phrases that denote individuals, which can be collected into sets forming Boolean algebras, can be extracted, whereas phrases that denote non-individuals, which cannot be collected into such sets, cannot. However, it is not obvious how to extend such an approach to Swedish RCs, since they allow extraction of some phrases that denote non-individuals, like ‘how late’, as long as they are linked to the discourse. Instead, I propose that the phrases that can move out of relative clauses carry discourse-related features (DR), and that the C-heads in Swedish RCs attract DR-marked phrases, making them available in later stages of the derivation. </p>
How and why conventional implicatures project
Authors: Venhuizen Noortje Joost , Bos Johan , Hendriks Petra , Brouwer Harm 
Published: June 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Conventional Implicatures (CIs; in the sense of </span><span>Potts 2005</span><span>) are part of a larger class of projection phenomena. These phenomena also include presuppositions and anaphora, and can described as content that is not </span><span>at-issue </span><span>(cf. </span><span>Simons, Tonhauser, Beaver &amp; Roberts 2010</span><span>). Despite the shared property of projection, CIs differ from other projection phenomena with respect to the information status of their contribution. Presuppositions, for instance, refer to established, or </span><span>old </span><span>information, whereas CIs contribute </span><span>novel </span><span>information to the discourse, like at-issue content. Here, we propose a unidimensional analysis of CIs and at-issue content, which highlights the similarity in projection behaviour of CIs, presuppositions, and anaphora. This analysis treats CIs as ‘piggybacking’ on their anchor; they introduce an anaphoric dependency on the interpretation site of their anchor, while at the same time requiring their anchor to refer to a specific referent in the discourse context. CIs are thus elaborations on the description of the referent referred to by their anchor. This analysis of CIs is formalized in Projective Discourse Representation Theory (PDRT; </span><span>Venhuizen, Bos &amp; Brouwer 2013</span><span>), a representational framework in which the property of projection is accounted for by explicitly distinguishing between the introduction and interpretation site of semantic content. Our formal analysis explains the interpretational differences between CIs, presuppositions, anaphora, and at-issue content, without stipulating a fundamental distinction between them. </span></p></div></div></div>