bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Dimensional Single-Cell Mass Cytometry Demonstrates Differential Platelet Functional Phenotypes in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Gu Sean X. , Marcus Brian S. , Gu Vivian W. , Varghese Adarsh P. , Hwa John , Faustino E. Vincent S. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a group of complex heart defects associated with hematologic abnormalities, including increased risk of thrombotic and bleeding events. Past studies have observed evidence of platelet hyperreactivity, while other studies showed decreased platelet activation in patients with CHD. The goal of this study was to develop a mass spectrometry approach to characterize single platelets in infants with CHD and identify potential etiology for such discrepant results.

METHODS:
We enrolled 19 infants with CHD along with 21 non-CHD controls at Yale New Haven Children’s Heart Center. A single-cell high-dimensional mass cytometry method was developed to quantitatively interrogate platelet surface markers in whole blood. Additionally, plasma cytokine analysis was performed through a multiplexed panel of 52 vascular and inflammatory markers to assess for platelet releasates.

RESULTS:
We found that infants with CHD had significant differences in platelet activation and functional markers by mass cytometry compared with non-CHD controls. Based on cell surface markers, we classified the platelets into 8 subpopulations (P0 to P7). Distinct subpopulations of platelets (P1, P4, and P5) exhibiting decreased aggregatory phenotype but altered secretory phenotypes were also identified and found to be more abundant in the blood of infants with CHD. Electron microscopy identified increased proportion of hypogranular platelets in CHD. Moreover, cytokine analysis demonstrated an overall increase in plasma cytokines and biomarkers in CHD, including IL (interleukin)-6, IL-8, IL-27, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), and VWF (von Willebrand factor), which are expressed in platelet granules and can be released upon activation.

CONCLUSIONS:
We developed a robust mass cytometry approach to identify platelet phenotypic heterogeneity. Infants with CHD had alterations in distinct subpopulations of platelets with overall reduced aggregatory phenotype and secretory dysfunction. These findings suggest that platelets in infants with CHD may be exhausted due to persistent stimulation and may explain both bleeding and thrombotic vascular complications associated with CHD.
Effect of Colchicine on Coronary Plaque Stability in Acute Coronary Syndrome as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography: The COLOCT Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Yu Miao , Yang Yong , Dong Si-Lai , Zhao Chen , Yang Fen , Yuan Yuan-Fan , Liao Yu-Hua , He Shao-Lin , Liu Kun , Wei Fen , Jia Hai-Bo , Yu Bo , Cheng Xiang 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Colchicine has been approved to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary heart disease on the basis of its potential benefits demonstrated in the COLCOT (Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial) and LoDoCo2 (Low-Dose Colchicine 2) studies. Nevertheless, there are limited data available about the specific impact of colchicine on coronary plaques.

METHODS:
This was a prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. From May 3, 2021, until August 31, 2022, a total of 128 patients with acute coronary syndrome aged 18 to 80 years with lipid-rich plaque (lipid pool arc >90°) detected by optical coherence tomography were included. The subjects were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either colchicine (0.5 mg once daily) or placebo for 12 months. The primary end point was the change in the minimal fibrous cap thickness from baseline to the 12-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

Among 128 patients, 52 in the colchicine group and 52 in the placebo group completed the study. The mean age of the 128 patients was 58.0±9.8 years, and 25.0% were female. Compared with placebo, colchicine therapy significantly increased the minimal fibrous cap thickness (51.9 [95% CI, 32.8 to 71.0] μm versus 87.2 [95% CI, 69.9 to 104.5] μm; difference, 34.2 [95% CI, 9.7 to 58.6] μm;
P
=0.006), and reduced average lipid arc (–25.2° [95% CI, –30.6° to –19.9°] versus –35.7° [95% CI, –40.5° to –30.8°]; difference, –10.5° [95% CI, –17.7° to –3.4°];
P
=0.004), mean angular extension of macrophages (–8.9° [95% CI, –13.3° to –4.6°] versus –14.0° [95% CI, –18.0° to –10.0°]; difference, –6.0° [95% CI, –11.8° to –0.2°];
P
=0.044), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level (geometric mean ratio, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.0] versus 0.3 [95% CI, 0.2 to 0.5]; difference, 0.5 [95% CI, 0.3 to 1.0];
P
=0.046), interleukin-6 level (geometric mean ratio, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.6 to 1.1] versus 0.5 [95% CI, 0.4 to 0.7]; difference, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.4 to 0.9];
P
=0.025), and myeloperoxidase level (geometric mean ratio, 1.0 [95% CI, 0.8 to 1.2] versus 0.8 [95% CI, 0.7 to 0.9]; difference, 0.8 [95% CI, 0.6 to 1.0];
P
=0.047).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings suggested that colchicine resulted in favorable effects on coronary plaque stabilization at optical coherence tomography in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04848857.
The Connected City of Ideas
Authors: Simpson Robert Mark 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We should drop the marketplace of ideas as our go-to metaphor in free speech discourse and take up a new metaphor of the connected city. Cities are more liveable when they have an integrated mix of transport options providing their occupants with a variety of locomotive affordances. Similarly, societies are more liveable when they have a mix of communication platforms that provide a variety of communicative affordances. Whereas the marketplace metaphor invites us to worry primarily about authoritarian control over the content that circulates through our communication networks, the connected-city metaphor invites us to worry, more so, about the homogenization of the tools and formats through which we communicate. I argue that the latter worry demands greater attention under emerging technological conditions.
A Localized Quantitative Precipitation Estimation for S-Band Polarimetric Radar in Taiwan
Authors: Tang Yu-Shuang , Chang Pao-Liang , Chang Wei-Yu , Zhang Jian , Tang Lin , Lin Pin-Fang , Chen Chia-Rong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A polarimetric radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) to estimate the rain rate R from specific attenuation A has been applied in Taiwan’s operational Quantitative Precipitation Estimation and Segregation Using Multiple Sensors (QPESUMS) system since 2016. A 3-yr (2016–18) drop size distribution (DSD) dataset from an operational Particle Size and Velocity (Parsivel) network was used to derive a localized coefficient as well as the α(K) function in the R(A) scheme for S-band radar, where α is a key parameter in the estimation of A and K is the linear fitted slope of differential reflectivity ZDR versus reflectivity Z. The local drop size distribution data were also used to derive the localized R(Z) and R(KDP) relationships, and the relationships were evaluated using radar observations in heavy rain cases. A synthetic quantitative precipitation estimate combining the localized R(A), R(Z), and R(KDP) relationships is compared to its operational counterpart and showed about 8% reduction in the normalized mean error for the mei-yu cases. Typhoon cases exhibited similar improvements by the localized QPE relationships but showed higher uncertainties than in the mei-yu cases. The higher uncertainties in the typhoon QPE verification were likely due to the stronger winds in typhoons than in the mei-yu events that caused greater mismatches between the radar observations at an altitude and the gauges at the ground. Overall, the results demonstrated advantages of localized radar rainfall relationships derived from the disdrometer data to improve the accuracy of the operational rainfall estimation products.

Significance Statement
A 3-yr (2016–18) drop size distribution (DSD) dataset from the operational Parsivel network in Taiwan was utilized to localize parameters in the QPE relationships for S-band dual-polarimetric radar. These relationships were evaluated using radar observations in the mei-yu front and typhoon events in Taiwan. The results show that using localized radar rainfall relationships derived from the disdrometer data can enhance the accuracy of the operational rainfall products.
The Political Economy of Policy Response to COVID-19: The Case of Bangladesh
Authors: Osmani S. R. , Siddiquee Muhammad Shahadat Hossain 
Published: August 2024

This paper examines the response of the Government of Bangladesh to COVID-19 from a political economy lens. We argue that the support package implemented by the government had a distinct bias that went against the interests of the poorer segments of the society but conformed neatly with the government’s quest for political legitimacy. Our analysis finds that the economic support package designed and implemented by the government was heavily biased toward growth-orientation to the relative neglect of protection-orientation, with seriously adverse consequences for the well-being of the people and the bias resides in the realm of political economy of governance. JEL Classification: H12, I18, I38, O40, O53
Efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 antibody-based combination therapy in advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in Chinese patients: A real-world study
Authors: Gao Yifan , Li Haoqian , Qiu Lei , Yuan Hongtu , Fan Qing , Niu Zuoxing , Xing Ligang , Li Mingxing , Yuan Dandan 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: Programmed death-1 antibody plus chemotherapy has gained approval for the treatment for (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. This study aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 antibody combined with chemo- or anti-angiogenesis therapy in Chinese patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in a real-world setting. Methods: In total, 122 patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 antibody-based combination therapy between April 2019 and December 2021 were encompassed. Clinical outcomes and safety proﬁle were measured and analyzed. Results: In the whole cohort, median overall survival was 17.2 months, median progression-free survival was 10.9 months, and median duration of response was 9.4 months. Notably, in the first-line patients, the median overall survival was not reached, median progression-free survival was 14.8 months, objective response rate was 68.4%. In the second-line group, median overall survival, median progression-free survival, median duration of response, and objective response rate were 10.9 months, 5.9 months, 4.5 months, and 41.5%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of any grade were observed in 28.2% of the overall cohort, primarily affecting the hematological and liver function. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were mainly characterized by increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, along with decreased lymphocyte and white blood cells, as well as anemia. Conclusions: Patients in our cohort experienced a clinical benefit from anti-programmed death-1 antibody-combined treatment in first-line treatment settings, with acceptable treatment-related adverse events. The benefit of anti-programmed death-1 antibody combined with chemo- or anti-angiogenesis treatment to the second-line patients should be further confirmed by large multi-center randomized, controlled clinical trials.
Aerodynamic noise characteristics of tandem cylinders in a subcritical flow regime
Authors: MG Arun , Jothi T. J. S. 
Published: August 2024

The present experimental study investigates the noise generated from the subcritical flow past two tandem circular cylinders of different downstream-to-upstream diameter ratios ( d 2 /d 1). The configurations considered for the study are (A) d 2 /d 1 = 1, (B) d 2 /d 1 = 2.5 and (C) d 2 /d 1 = 0.4. The gap between cylinders has spacing to diameter ratios ( s/d) of 2 and 4, and the free stream Reynolds numbers vary from 8.4 × 103 to 3.6 × 104. At s/d = 2, acoustic tones from configurations A and B are associated with vortex shedding from the downstream cylinder, and configuration-C has broadband spectral variations. At s/d = 4, configuration-B has two acoustic tones corresponding to vortex shedding from both cylinders, with dominant higher-frequency tones from the smaller upstream cylinder, and Configuration-C has narrowband tones from the larger upstream cylinder. The mean wake velocities of configurations at s/d = 4 are lower, with relatively higher gradients than at s/d = 2. The corresponding turbulence levels are 8.3% and 6.5%, respectively. Peak tonal frequencies have a linear variation with free stream velocity, and the respective Strouhal numbers estimated are in the range from 0.17 to 0.20. Scaling of the spectra with sixth power of the free stream velocity shows the dipole behavior of noise sources. The tandem configurations have higher overall noise levels than the background noise by up to 26 dB at s/d = 2 and 21 dB at s/d = 4. Configuration-A at s/d = 2 has the highest noise level of 91 dB.
Hepatoprotective Role of Persea americana (Lauraceae) on Eimeria papillata-induced Infection in Mice
Authors: Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Al-Shaebi Esam M. , Al-Otaibi Tahani , Al-Malki Esam S. , Al-Hoshani Nawal , Quraishy Saleh Al 
Published: August 2024

Background Eimeria papillata is a parasitic protozoan that causes intestinal coccidiosis in mice. Due to the rise of drug-resistant strains, medicinal plants are now employed to treat parasite diseases. Objectives This study investigated the beneficial and therapeutic effects of Persea americana extract (PAE) on biological, hematology, biochemical, and oxidative stress markers, as well as trace elements changes in the hepatic tissue of E. papillata-infected mice. Materials and Methods The animals were divided (five mice/group), as follows Group 1: Control group for non-infected-nontreated mice, Group 2: Treated group for mice orally treated with PAE (500 mg/kg b.w.), Group 3: Infected group for mice orally infected with Eimeria oocysts, Group 4: Infected-treated group for mice orally infected with Eimeria oocysts and then treated for 5 days with PAE (500 mg/kg b.w.), and Group 5: Infected-treated group for mice orally infected with Eimeria oocysts and then treated for 5 days with amprolium (120 mg/kg b.w.). On the 5th day postinfection, animals were euthanized, and samples (blood and livers) were collected from them. Results The coccidial infection caused weight loss of –2.54%, which improved to –1.36% with PAE. PAE therapy reduced the number of oocysts in mice’s feces. Furthermore, the Eimeria infection increased lymphocytes and neutrophils. The infection resulted in severe liver impairment, as evidenced by pathological changes as well as an elevation in liver function parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Infection also resulted in a considerable reduction in glutathione reduced and an elevation in nitric oxide, and malonaldehyde. PAE demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity by increasing these parameters. Our data revealed that E. papillata infection resulted in considerable increases in Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Co concentrations, which were then reduced following PAE treatment. Conclusion Our results showed that PAE treatment significantly reduced hepatic damage and oxidative stress caused by E. papillata infections.
Sensemaking and Persuasive Sensegiving: The Thank You North East Regional COVID-19 Campaign, the Brief We Never Wanted!
Authors: Ellis Thomas , Bowman Sarah 
Published: August 2024

The article explores the sensemaking/sensegiving dimensions of emotion, temporality and materiality and their relevance in shaping individual and collective behaviour. The impact of COVID-19 with its multitude of conflicting messages relating to ‘considerate behaviour’, provides a backdrop to explore how sensemaking and persuasion in relation to sensegiving are critical components of public communication efforts. A case study interpretivist approach is used, drawing on the UK-focused regional ‘Thank You North East’ campaign. This is underpinned by semi-structured interviews with the planning and creative teams responsible for the campaign. Evidence suggests that by recognising the human significance of these three dimensions of sensemaking, Aristotelian modes of persuasion (Pathos, Ethos, Logos and Kairos) can be made more meaningful. By focusing on ‘meaning-making’ as a form of persuasion, belonging and identification are encouraged, improving the perception of empathy within public health communication campaigns. The article provides a new interdisciplinary framework that synthesises scholarship from behaviour sciences, organisational studies and promotional communications and, as such, fills a literary gap where sensemaking in social marketing and communication is currently under-explored. It has further practical value, utilising insights from industry professionals to frame this new sensemaking model against creative execution.
Comparative outcomes of mechanical and transepithelial PRK on the same excimer laser: A contralateral eye study
Authors: Rymer Priscila , Moscovici Bernardo Kaplan , Freitas Marcela Mara Silva , Schor Paulo , Campos Mauro 
Published: August 2024

Purpose Compare refractive results between mechanical PRK (mPRK) and transepithelial PRK (tPRK) with WaveLight Allegretto EX500 excimer laser system (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA). Setting Department of Ophthalmology of the Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Design Prospective and randomized study. Methods In 151 eyes of 73 patients with astigmatism and myopia, both eyes had similar refraction before surgery, with a maximum of 15-µm difference in ablation who underwent mPRK in one eye and tPRK in the contralateral eye. The mean age of the patients in this study was 31.45 ± 6.97 years (range, 22 to 54 years). Results A comparison was made with all variables between the two groups, and we found that UDVA and SE were worse in the tPRK group at six months than in the mPRK group. In the mPRK group, there was a higher frequency in the +/- 0.50 range and a lower frequency in the +/- 1.50 range. In the tPRK group, however, there was a lower frequency in the +/- 0.50 range and a higher frequency in the +/- 1.50 range. Concerning gain or loss of lines of sight, there was no association between the two groups (chi-square test, p = 0.887). Conclusion Both mPRK and tPRK appear to have similar safety. However, mPRK was associated with significantly better UDVA and SE six months post-operatively.
Forearm access for carotid artery stenting using the dual protection of flow reversal and distal filter: Trans-forearm dual protection technique
Authors: Hanaoka Yoshiki , Koyama Jun-ichi , Kubota Yuki , Nakamura Takuya , Kitamura Satoshi , Yamazaki Daisuke , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi 
Published: August 2024

Background Although transfemoral carotid artery stenting (CAS) is widely performed for carotid stenosis, serious or even fatal complications such as embolic and access site complications can still occur. We devised a novel dual protection system with continuous flow reversal to the cephalic vein of the forearm in transradial CAS, referred to as the “trans-forearm dual protection” technique. Methods A 75-year-old man with a diagnosis of symptomatic left cervical internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis underwent CAS using the trans-forearm dual protection technique. Results A 4F sheath was introduced into the cephalic vein of the right forearm. After an 8F balloon-guiding catheter was navigated into the left common carotid artery (CCA) via right sheathless radial access, a distal filter protection device was advanced into the high cervical ICA. The 8F balloon-guiding catheter was inflated and connected to the 4F sheath with a blood filter interposed. Under the dual protection of flow reversal and distal filter, the CAS procedure was performed. The postprocedural course was uneventful. Diffusion-weighted imaging 2 days after the procedure showed no evidence of ischemic stroke. The patient was discharged home without any complications 1 week after the procedure. Carotid duplex ultrasound performed 9 months after the procedure showed no signs of restenosis. Conclusions This method allows for CAS under the dual protection of flow reversal and filter device protection via the trans-forearm access, reducing the risk of embolism and access site complications. Therefore, the trans-forearm dual protection technique can be a useful option for CAS.
Comparison of safety of lumbar drain versus external ventricular drain in symptomatic hydrocephalus following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chao Kuo , Martin Daniel , Tsouvalas Charles , Wiginton James , Torres Fernando , Nguyen Nathan 
Published: August 2024

Background and objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion is typically performed with an external ventricular drain (EVD) for symptomatic hydrocephalus (HCP) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Lumbar drain (LD) has also been studied to reduce the incidence of vasospasm after SAH but not HCP. We performed a single center retrospective analysis to evaluate the safety of LD versus EVD for symptomatic HCP following aneurysmal SAH in a naturally randomized patient population. Methods Patients admitted for aneurysmal SAH who developed symptomatic HCP were treated with EVD or LD depending on neurosurgeon on call. Of the 10 neurosurgeons on call, five would place EVD in all patients while the other five would request LD be placed by interventional neuroradiology; however, the distribution on call was not evenly distributed. We retrospectively compared these two groups for drain complications and outcomes with Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Results From 2018 to 2021, there were a total of 77 patients with aneurysmal SAH requiring CSF diversion for HCP. There were 56 cases of EVD placement and 21 cases of LD placement. Overall drain complications were 32.0% of cases with EVD and 9.5% with LD, p = .0773. EVD versus LD complications consisted of hemorrhage (1.8% vs 0%, p = 1.0000), infection (7.1 vs 0%, p = .5698), clogged (25% vs 0%, p = .008), dislodgement (1.8% vs 4.6%, p = .4737) and replacement (16% vs 4.8%, p = .2698). No case of cerebellar tonsillar herniation occurred. mRS between EVD versus LD obtained at baseline (0.3 vs 0.3, p = .3943), discharge (3.8 vs 2.7, p = .047), 90 days (2.9 vs 2.0, p = .060), and 1 year (2.6 vs 1.6, p = .081). One year mortality rates between EVD versus LD (26.8% vs 19.0%, p = .483). Conclusion Symptomatic HCP after aneurysmal SAH can be effectively and safely treated with LD. LD had lower overall complications than EVD with no hemorrhage, infection or malfunction. Further prospective randomized control study may be helpful in elucidating optimal CSF diversion for patients with symptomatic HCP.