bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of process parameters in Wire-EDM of Ti-6Al-4 V
Authors: Jagdale Manoj , Ambhore Nitin , Chaudhari Rakesh , Kulkarni Atul , Abdullah Masuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) is a recent technique that is useful in machining Ti-6Al-4 V alloy, which is a material that is preferred in many industries due to its exceptional hardness. This paper aims to evaluate the effects of WEDM process parameters on the machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy. The 4-axis CNC WEDM machine that was used in this study had brass wire as the electrode and de-ionized water as the dielectric fluid. The parameters under investigation were the peak current (Ip), pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF), and servo voltage (SV) set at 3 levels each. The experimentation was based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array design. The material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness of machined ash components were Ra. A total of three Ra results were analyzed using ANOVA. It was shown that response surface methodology, pulse time ton and peak electric current had more significant effects on MRR. Effect-wise results indicated that peak current and time on P ring test allow surface finish to be within MRR levels. It is peak electric current that determines a 72.75% effect on MRR whereas extreme time has an 11.68 balanced effect on peak current. In the case of Ra, peak electric current and extreme pulse time remain dominant factors. The results suggest that higher Ra is favored by less increase in input energy as both peak current and time have been decreased.
How much do atmospheric depressions and Mongolian cyclones contribute to spring dust activities in East Asia?
Authors: Mu Feifei , Fiedler Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Severe East Asian dust storms occur in spring due to dust-emitting winds in the Gobi Desert associated with Mongolian cyclones. The present study performs the first quantitative assessment of the contributions of Mongolian cyclones to springtime dust activity in East Asia, based on multiple reanalyses and observational datasets for 2001–2022. Atmospheric depressions dominate dust activities in Northern China, explaining ~90–92% of the total dust emissions in the Gobi Desert and ~88–93% of the dust aerosol optical depth (τ) downwind, depending on the dataset. Mongolian cyclones, defined as long-living and mobile atmospheric depressions, explain almost half (~34–47%) of the Gobi’s total dust emissions and τ downwind, and are the primary driver of high-impact dust storms. The number of Mongolian cyclones, along with the dust activity, has decreased since 2001, with a spatial pattern of the dust emission trend that is consistent with the northward shift of cyclone tracks.
Identifying major depressive disorder in older adults through naturalistic driving behaviors and machine learning
Authors: Chen Chen , Brown David C. , Al-Hammadi Noor , Bayat Sayeh , Dickerson Anne , Vrkljan Brenda , Blake Matthew , Zhu Yiqi , Trani Jean-Francois , Lenze Eric J. , Carr David B. , Babulal Ganesh M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Depression in older adults is often underdiagnosed and has been linked to adverse outcomes, including motor vehicle crashes. With a growing population of older drivers in the United States, innovations in screening methods are needed to identify older adults at greatest risk of decline. This study used machine learning techniques to analyze real-world naturalistic driving data to identify depression status in older adults and examined whether specific demographics and medications improved model performance. We analyzed two years of GPS data from 157 older adults, including 81 with major depressive disorder, using XGBoost and logistic regression models. The top-performing model achieved an area under the curve of 0.86 with driving features combined with total medication use. These findings suggest that naturalistic driving data holds high potential as a functional digital neurobehavioral marker for AI identifying depression in older adults on a national scale, thereby ensuring equitable access to treatment.
In situ and in vitro cryo-EM reveal structures of mycobacterial encapsulin assembly intermediates
Authors: Berger Casper , Lewis Chris , Gao Ye , Knoops Kèvin , López-Iglesias Carmen , Peters Peter J. , Ravelli Raimond B. G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Prokaryotes rely on proteinaceous compartments such as encapsulin to isolate harmful reactions. Encapsulin are widely expressed by bacteria, including the Mycobacteriaceae, which include the human pathogens Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Structures of fully assembled encapsulin shells have been determined for several species, but encapsulin assembly and cargo encapsulation are still poorly characterised, because of the absence of encapsulin structures in intermediate assembly states. We combine in situ and in vitro structural electron microscopy to show that encapsulins are dynamic assemblies with intermediate states of cargo encapsulation and shell assembly. Using cryo-focused ion beam (FIB) lamella preparation and cryo-electron tomography (CET), we directly visualise encapsulins in Mycobacterium marinum, and observed ribbon-like attachments to the shell, encapsulin shells with and without cargoes, and encapsulin shells in partially assembled states. In vitro cryo-electron microscopy (EM) single-particle analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis encapsulin was used to obtain three structures of the encapsulin shell in intermediate states, as well as a 2.3 Å structure of the fully assembled shell. Based on the analysis of the intermediate encapsulin shell structures, we propose a model of encapsulin self-assembly via the pairwise addition of monomers.
Deep multi‐agent RL for anti‐jamming and inter‐cell interference mitigation in NOMA networks
Authors: Yousefzadeh Marandi Sina , Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein , Razavizadeh S. Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInter‐cell interference and smart jammer attacks significantly impair the performance of non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks. This issue is particularly critical when considering strategic interactions with malicious actors. To address this challenge, the power allocation problem is framed in a two‐cell NOMA network as a sequential game. In this game, each base station acts as a leader, choosing a power allocation strategy, while the smart jammer acts as a follower, reacting optimally to the base stations' choices. To address this multi‐agent scenario, four multi‐agent reinforcement learning algorithms are proposed: Q‐learning based unselfish (QLU), deep QLU, hot booting deep QLU, and decreased state deep QLU. A game‐theoretic analysis that demonstrates the algorithms' convergence to the optimal network‐wide strategy with high probability is provided. Simulation results further confirm the superiority of our proposed algorithms compared to the Q‐learning‐based selfish NOMA power allocation method.
Characterising the resilience of electro–hydrogen coupled system via convex hull estimation
Authors: Chang Siyuan , Li Gengyin , Zhang Tiance , Zhou Ming , Hong Qiteng , Wang Jianxiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractFrequent outbreaks of severe natural disasters underscore the importance of power system resilience. With high efficiency and rapid response, hydrogen energy can enhance power system resilience during such incidents. Traditional post‐event resilience assessment methods, which are event‐triggered, focus on a single indicator, leading to an ambiguous portrayal of the power capacity of coupled systems. To address this limitation, based on a two‐stage electro–hydrogen coupled model, the concept of electro–hydrogen coupled region (EHCR) is proposed to illustrate the potential relationships between resilience indicators, exploring the accurate power capacity of the coupled system to critical loads during extreme events. The convex hull estimation is employed to determine the EHCR. A max–min diagnostic model is introduced as the convergence criterion for resilience margins. An external cutting‐plane algorithm is developed to interactively obtain the EHCR by progressively eliminating non‐capacity regions of the current space based on the diagnostic model. The efficacy of the proposed methods is validated through case studies based on an IEEE 30‐bus and Belgium 20‐node coupled system under ice disaster scenarios.
„Wirklich desaströs für eine Gesellschaft, da die Augen zuzukneifen“ – Palliativversorgung von Menschen ohne ausreichende Krankenversicherung: Eine bundesweite Mixed-Methods-Studie
Authors: Schwerdt Johannes , Jaspers Birgit , Surges Séverine M. , Przyborek Marta , Radbruch Lukas 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Unterschiedliche Gruppen in Deutschland haben etwa aufgrund von Beitragsschulden, Aufenthaltsstatus oder bürokratischen Hürden keinen dem gesetzlichen Leistungskatalog entsprechenden Krankenversicherungsschutz und damit einen eingeschränkten Zugang zu Palliativversorgung. In dieser Studie soll untersucht werden, wie diese Menschen versorgt werden und welche Hürden und Lösungsansätze existieren.
Methodik Mitarbeitende aus Einrichtungen, die Nichtversicherte versorgen, wurden per E-Mail zu einer Online-Befragung und einem Telefon-Interview eingeladen. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Fokusgruppe mit Mitgliedern des Arbeitskreises Hospiz des Ministeriums für Arbeit, Gesundheit und Soziales (MAGS) des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen diskutiert. Die Analyse wurde mit einem Mixed-Methods-Ansatz mit quantitativen (deskriptive Auswertung der Befragung) und qualitativen Anteilen (inhaltsanalytische Auswertung der Interviews und Fokusgruppe) durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse 31 Personen von 134 angeschriebenen Einrichtungen (30%) nahmen an der Befragung und 13 (10%) an Interviews teil. 27 der 31 Umfrageteilnehmer*innen hatten Kontakt zu Nichtversicherten mit Palliativversorgungsbedarf. Die Ergebnisse aus den Interviews und der Fokusgruppe mit 6 Teilnehmenden zeigten, dass Palliativversorgung aufgrund von finanziellen und organisatorischen Hürden nur unzureichend ist. Notwendig sind daher Beratungsangebote für Betroffene und kurzfristige Kostenzusagen für Versorger*innen.
Schlussfolgerung Die derzeitige Versorgungssituation ist lückenhaft, Informationen über bestehende Angebote müssen besser zugänglich gemacht und neue, öffentlich finanzierte Angebote geschaffen werden.
Verfahrenstreue, Eklektizismus oder Integration? Zur Bedeutung der
Verfahrensorientierung im Praxisalltag – Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Befragung
von Psychotherapeut*innen
Authors: Wucherpfennig Felix , Bock Sebastian , Abidi Shirin 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Psychotherapierichtlinien des Gemeinsamen
Bundesausschusses (GBA) sind verfahrensorientiert ausgerichtet. Seit einiger
Zeit werden die Konsequenzen dieser Richtlinien für die therapeutische Praxis
sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung kontrovers diskutiert. In der vorliegenden Studie
wurde untersucht, wie in Deutschland praktizierende Psychotherapeut*innen
gegenüber der Verfahrensorientierung eingestellt sind.Daten wurden mittels einer Online-Umfrage unter n=507
approbierten Psychotherapeut*innen erhoben. Die Teilnehmenden wurden nach ihrer
therapeutischen Orientierung, der Verwendung verfahrensfremder und
verfahrenskonformer Techniken sowie ihrer Meinung zur Verfahrensorientierung in
der therapeutischen Praxis sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung befragt.Die Therapeut*innen beschrieben ihre Orientierung mehrheitlich
als integrativ, wobei die assimilative Integration am häufigsten vorkam.
Techniken fremder Verfahren wurden als relevant für die eigene Praxis
eingeschätzt. Die Befragten konnten sich mehrheitlich gut mit ihrem Verfahren
identifizieren und beschrieben, dass die Verfahrensorientierung hilfreich für
die therapeutische Arbeit sei. Verhaltenstherapeut*innen waren mehrheitlich für
eine verfahrensübergreifende Ausbildung, wohingegen tiefenpsychologische
Therapeut*innen diese mehrheitlich ablehnten.Eine Kombination unterschiedlicher Richtlinienverfahren ist
laut GBA nicht vorgesehen, dies steht jedoch im Widerspruch zur gelebten Praxis.
Zwar bietet die Verfahrensorientierung einen wichtigen Bezugsrahmen für
Praktiker*innen, zu starr ausgelegt kann dieser jedoch auch als einschränkend
wahrgenommen werden.Die Perspektive der Praktiker*innen sollte im
wissenschaftlichen Diskurs um die Verfahrensorientierung ein stärkeres Gewicht
erhalten.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Dental Practitioners about Probiotics in Jazan: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Jethlia Ankur , Lunkad Honey , Porwal Amit , Zain Maryam , Wasly Rana , Zaylai Sadeem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Objectives Probiotics help maintain oral health and contribute to developing healthy microbial equilibrium by positively interacting with oral microbiomes. Recently, evidence has supported using probiotics in reducing the risk of dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis. This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding probiotics among dental practitioners in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia.
Materials and Methods A mixed-methods study design was employed, and the data were collected through a concurrent triangulation design. For quantitative analysis, there were a total of 202 dental practitioners, while 8 participants were included for qualitative analysis. Thematic analysis was done with the help of tech software, and themes were developed. The Mann–Whitney test was performed to analyze quantitative data to check knowledge and attitude. A chi-square test was employed to check the difference between knowledge and years of practice. p-Value <0.05 was set to be statistically significant.
Results In the quantitative analysis, it was reported that both male and female participants had adequate knowledge of probiotics. However, statistical significance was recorded in the knowledge among the groups practicing for more than 5 years (p = 0.025) and 1 year of practice. A statistically significant difference was reported in prescribing probiotics where male practitioners were willing to recommend the probiotics (p = 0.003). The themes developed during qualitative analysis were “knowledge regarding probiotics,” “need for more knowledge,” and “attitude towards prescribing.”
Conclusion This study suggested adequate knowledge among dental practitioners for using probiotics in the Jazan region. Lack of evidence regarding the importance of probiotics in maintaining oral health should be addressed.
Nerve Plexus Anatomy 101
Authors: Swenson Gabriel , James Emily , Ozen Merve , Matthees Nicholas G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNerve plexuses are complex networks of interwoven nerves in the peripheral nervous system. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and function of the major nerve plexuses in the human body. The main spinal nerve plexuses—cervical, brachial, abdominal, lumbar, and sacral—are examined in detail, including their spinal origins, anatomical locations, and the areas they innervate. Understanding the intricate anatomy of nerve plexuses is essential for interventionalists, as it aids in the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system.
Current Status of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)
Authors: Somashekhar S.P. , Surendran Adwaith Krishna , Goyal Deep , Rawat Saumitra , Aggarwal Shyam , Selvasekar C. , Parikh Purvish M. 
Published: February 2025

Accounting for 8.7% of global cancer deaths, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is part of a multimodal strategy for managing CRC. HIPEC is designed to target residual microscopic disease using heated chemotherapy. There are several techniques including the open abdomen “coliseum” technique, which uses a silastic sheet to create a perfusion chamber and allows for manipulation of contents; whereas the closed abdomen technique maintains a sterile environment and may involve abdominal wall massage for heat distribution; lastly, the laparoscopic method combines the benefits of both techniques with enhanced drug distribution through laparoscopy. Research has shown that the coliseum technique offers superior heat uniformity, while the laparoscopic method provides optimal distribution with advanced monitoring tools. We examined early trials, procedural variations, and recent clinical research to assess its efficacy.HIPEC involves the administration of heated chemotherapy directly into the peritoneal cavity after CRS in order to enhance local tumor control and survival. Various regimens that have been explored, including the Sugarbaker, triple dosing, and low dose mitomycin C regimen, report mixed results. The selection of chemotherapy drugs and their efficacy at high temperatures is crucial, with studies yielding mixed results for oxaliplatin and mitomycin C. The advantages of HIPEC, especially with oxaliplatin-based regimens, have been questioned by recent trials such as the PRODIGE 7 study because of problems like chemoresistance and greater postoperative morbidity. On the other hand, HIPEC is still supported by some as a good choice for individuals who are carefully chosen, particularly when combined with other forms of treatment. Despite being widely used in several cancer centers around the world for other pathologies, HIPEC remains a debated treatment option in CRC with peritoneal metastases. Even though the current evidence suggests that it might not provide a statistically meaningful overall survival improvement when compared to CRS alone, it might still be useful in some clinical settings or when combined with well-designed protocols. Thus, the necessity of more research and standardized protocols is paramount.Determining the role of HIPEC, maximizing patient selection, and contrasting its effectiveness with other intraperitoneal treatments such as pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy will require ongoing trials and future research. Until clearer evidence emerges, HIPEC should be considered a therapeutic option for selected patients and offered by dedicated, experienced centers and surgical teams.
The T16 Project: Image Subtraction Light Curves from TESS Cycle 1 Full-frame Images for Stars with T < 16
Authors: Hartman Joel D. , Bakos Gáspár Á. , Bouma Luke G. , Csubry Zoltan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present 83,717,159 light curves for 56,401,549 stars with T < 16 mag observed in the Full-Frame Images (FFIs) of Cycle 1 of the NASA TESS mission. These light curves were extracted from subtracted images produced by the Cluster Difference Imaging Survey. We make public the raw image subtraction light curves, together with light curves de-trended against instrumental systematics. We compare the light curves to other publicly available light curves from the TESS FFIs, finding that for a substantial fraction of stars with T < 16, the T16 project provides the highest precision FFI light curves available. We demonstrate that the detrended T16 light curves are generally as good as, or better than, than the light curves from other projects for the known TOIs. We also show that the un-detrended light curves can be used to study high amplitude variable stars. The light curves are being made available through the NASA Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. Light curve production is underway for additional TESS Cycles.
Band alignment of heterojunctions formed by PtSe2 with doped GaN
Authors: Lv Zhuoyang , Zhao Guijuan , Wei Wanting , Lv Xiurui , Liu Guipeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, in order to investigate the effect of different doping types on the band alignment of heterojunctions, we prepared PtSe2/n-GaN, PtSe2/p-GaN, and PtSe2/u-GaN heterojunctions by wet transfer technique. The valence band offsets (VBO) of the three heterojunctions were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS),while the PtSe2/n-GaN is 3.70±0.15 eV, PtSe2/p-GaN is 0.26±0.15 eV, and PtSe2/u-GaN3.02±0.15 eV. The conduction band offset (CBO) of the three heterojunctions was calculated from the material bandgap and VBO, while the PtSe2/n-GaN is 0.61±0.15eV, PtSe2/p-GaN is 2.83±0.15eV, and PtSe2/u-GaN is 0.07±0.15eV. This signifies that both PtSe2/u-GaN and PtSe2/p-GaN exhibit type-I band alignment, but the PtSe2/n-GaN heterojunction has type-III band alignment. This signifies that the band engineering of PtSe2/GaN heterojunction can be achieved by manipulating the concentration and type of doping, which is significantly relevant for the advancement of related devices through the realization of band alignment and the modulation of the material properties of the PtSe2/GaN heterojunction.
GPIC: a GPU-based parallel independent cascade algorithm in complex networks
Authors: Su Chang , Na Xu , Zhou Fang , Lü Linyuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Independent cascade (IC) models, by simulating how one node can activate another, are important tools for studying the dynamics of information spreading in complex networks. However, traditional algorithms for the IC model implementation face significant efficiency bottlenecks when dealing with large-scale networks and multi-round simulations. To settle this problem, this study introduce a GPU-based parallel independent cascade (GPIC) algorithm, featuring an optimized representation of the network data structure and parallel task scheduling strategies. Specifically, for this GPIC algorithm, we propose a network data structure tailored for GPU processing, thereby enhancing the computational efficiency and the scalability of the IC model. In addition, we design a parallel framework that utilizes the full potential of GPU’s parallel processing capabilities, thereby augmenting the computational efficiency. The results from our simulation experiments demonstrate that GPIC not only preserves accuracy but also significantly boosts efficiency, achieving a speedup factor of 129 when compared to the baseline IC method. Our experiments also reveal that when using GPIC for the independent cascade simulation, 100-200 simulation rounds are sufficient for higher-cost studies, while high precision studies benefit from 500 rounds to ensure reliable results, providing empirical guidance for applying this new algorithm to practical research.
Direct observation of Ultrafast Magnetization Dynamics in Co/Ni bit patterned media by Time-Resolved Scanning Kerr Microscopy
Authors: Zhang Wei , He Wei , Lv Qin-Li , Cai Jian-Wang , Zhang Xiang-Qun , Cheng Zhao-Hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Bit patterned recording (BPR) has attracted much attention due to its promising potential in achieving high densities in magnetic storage devices. The materials with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are always preferred in designing the BPR. Here, the patterned Co/Ni multilayers showing d-d hybridization induced PMA was studied. In particular, we record the ultrafast spin dynamics by means of time-resolved scanning magneto-optical Kerr effect (TRMOKE) microscopy. We are able to acquire the “snapshot” magnetic maps of the sample surface because of both the femtosecond temporal and sub-micrometer spatial resolution in our TRMOKE microscopy. Furthermore, the spatially inhomogeneous ultrafast demagnetization was observed in experiment, and this has been evidenced by simulations.