bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Reflections on an Interdisciplinary Approach to Rule of Law Studies
Authors: Polavarapu Aparna , Samuels Joel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this essay, we attempt to lay the initial groundwork for a clearer understanding of rule of law both as a concept and as a distinct field. We respond to the assertions that the rule of law field is non-existent or incoherent, and assert that a field of rule of law is not impossible to ascertain. First, we survey how rule of law – as both a term and a state of political being – is understood by practitioners and scholars, as well as how scholars reconcile the lack of a clear, widely universal understanding of the concept of rule of law. Second, we put forth our approach to rule of law studies, embodied by the Rule of Law Collaborative (ROLC) at the University of South Carolina. ROLC supports the idea that a variety of disciplines and factors impact the rule of law, while accommodating the multiple, competing understandings of the concept of rule of law that exist on the University of South Carolina campus and elsewhere.
Kurze Originalmitteilungen
Authors: Gusse Β. F. , Economy J. , Matkotich V. I. 
Published: September 2015

Auszug
Eine neue, mit β-Βοr isotype Bor-Silicium-Phase wurde dargestellt. Die Untereuchungsergebnisee weisen auf eine Verbindung B14Si hin. Die neue Phase und die Aluminium-Bor-Phase, über die schon berichtet wurde, werden als Zwischengitter-Derivate von β-Bor gedeutet.
Die Kristall struktur von Lanthantrifluorid
Authors: Mansmann M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The LaF3, structure has previously been described in the space group P63/mmc with two formula units per unit cell. Weak additional reflections on single-crystal photographs lead to a larger unit cell with a = 7.190 ± 0.002 Å, c = 7.367 ± 0.002 Å, space group P3̄c1, and six LaF3 per unit cell. The structure has been refined by full-matrix least-squares computations. The deviation from the high symmetry is caused by displacements of the F ions. LaF3 is shown to be isotypic with HoD3. The- calculated ionic-lattice energy (-1151.6 kcal/ mole) agrees with the energy calculated by a Born-Haber cycle (- 1144.4 kcal/ mole). The probable critical radius ratio for the change from the LaF3 to the orthorhombic YF3 structure is 0.94. For smaller ratios the LaF3 structure can be stabilized by anion vacancies.
Regulación del capital: A favor y en contra
Authors: Díaz Gómez Carlos 
Published: September 2015

La liberalización del mercado de capitales de los últimos veinte años ha traído consigo turbulencias bursátiles y monetarias que han afectado tanto a los países industrializados como a los países en desarrollo. Hasta hace poco se pensaba que este aspecto de la globalización era un coste que merecía la pena pagar para lograr una eficiente asignación de los recursos mundiales. Este análisis sobre el tema es de asequible lectura al tiempo que riguroso sobre las cuestiones más importantes de la economía internacional actual. En él se exponen los recientes acontecimientos acontecidos en Asia e Iberoamérica. Desde la crisis de la deuda iberoamericana, la prudencia fiscal y monetaria se ha convertido en la nueva ortodoxia de aquellos gobiernos que quieren recoger los beneficios procedentes de su participación en el nuevo mercado global. Estos sueños se vieron interrumpidos por la reciente turbulencia asiática que comenzó con las devaluaciones obligadas del Baht tailandés en julio de 1997. Lo que inicialmente se percibía como un correctivo del tipo de cambio sobrevalorado de un país menor, se transformó rápidamente en un huracán financiero que amenazó con engullir a las economías industrializadas. Hoy, la globalización se ha convertido en el enemigo de gobiernos tan dispares como los de Rusia y Malasia. Las crisis financieras que golpearon a Asia hace dieciséis meses han suscitado una vez más la cuestión de si es posible una razonable estabilidad económica en un mundo con mercados de capitales integrados.
El huidizo sentido de la Independencia en La isla de Róbinson de Arturo Uslar Pietri
Authors: Febres Laura 
Published: September 2015

La isla de Róbinson de Arturo Uslar Pietri es, desde nuestro punto de vista, una de las obras más logradas, dentro de la producción de este venezolano quien nace en Caracas en 1901 y muere en 2006. En este trabajo trataremos tres rasgos importantes de la producción Uslariana que resaltan dentro de esta novela histórica, los cuales se engloban en la urgencia que existe en el autor de convertir el lápiz en pincel del pensamiento. El primero de ellos será tratar a la Isla de Róbinson como novela histórica, el segundo, su pertenencia también a otra rama literaria muy conocida, como es la literatura de viajes y la tercera, la relación de la escritura con la realidad y el pensamiento; problemática que subyace a través de todo el texto. Esta novela histórica narra uno de los períodos más importantes en la historia de Venezuela y de Latinoamérica, su Independencia. El narrador escoge el momento en que ella rompe los límites del territorio de Venezuela para convertirse en un suceso Latinoamericano y mundial. La obra es una reflexión sobre el sentido que tuvo este acontecimiento para los latinoamericanos, principalmente a través del pensamiento de uno de sus más grande ideólogos, Simón Rodríguez.
Entre la TDT y el ordenador: nuevas tendencias tecnológicas, empresariales y de consumo alrededor de la ficción audiovisual en España
Authors: Morales Morante Luís Fernando 
Published: September 2015

Las dinámicas distributivas y de consumo audiovisual han sufrido recientemente cambios importantes provocados por la convergencia mediática e Internet como eje transversal insustituible para la transmisión de señales. Un sector donde se percibe con particular nitidez estos cambios en la comunicación es la ficción audiovisual. En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio de los componentes tecnológicos, políticos y económicos que inciden actualmente la creación y circulación de productos de ficción en España. Los resultados indican tres cuestiones importantes: primero: la estandarización de Internet como mecanismo de transmisión audiovisual multiplataforma; segundo: la inexistencia de una industria de la ficción sólida, incapaz de acercarse a nuevos mercados y tercero: la falta de políticas reguladoras oportunas para ordenar eficazmente el funcionamiento de las dinámicas actuales de la producción y el mercado.
La creación léxica mediante siglas: un recurso de condensación expresiva en la prensa digital
Authors: Oliva-Marañón Carlos 
Published: September 2015

Las siglas en la Lengua Española parecían tener menor vitalidad si se comparaban con las lenguas de otros países. Sin embargo, han cobrado un considerable protagonismo en las últimas décadas, de tal forma que algunos lexicógrafos han considerado a España como el país “abreviaturóforo” debido especialmente, al desarrollo de este subsistema léxico por la proliferación de organizaciones políticas que surgen a partir del año 1975. Puede decirse que una sigla se halla tanto mejor integrada como elemento del léxico, cuanto más borrada está su motivación original. En el aspecto morfosintáctico, la referencia a organizaciones e instituciones de variado orden determina el carácter sustantivo de las siglas, la mayoría de las cuales constituyen nombres propios. El ingente caudal de voces sigladas y el uso tan frecuente de éstas tanto en la prensa tradicional como en la digital, ejercen una presión estimable en el sistema lingüístico. La mayoría de las siglas en español se ajustan al sistema fonológico, pero también son numerosas las que se apartan de él al adoptar algunas de sus vocales y consonantes una distribución ajena al sistema lingüístico. El carácter nominal puede darse en siglas que no han producido derivados, lo mismo que ocurre con las palabras tradicionales.
Historia y transformación de la televisión de pago en España. Un recorrido tecnológico desde el vídeo comunitario hasta el vídeo online
Authors: García Guardia María Luisa , Estupiñán Estupiñán Oscar 
Published: September 2015

La industria de televisión de pago en España, desde su aparición, a finales de la década de los 70, se encuentra en constante transformación. Tres factores han permitido esta continua evolución: a. La digitalización de la televisión, b. la legislación sobre el uso y competencias de estos nuevos servicios, c. la posibilidad de nuevas formas de negocio que permitieron que la utilización de Internet, y en especial, la utilización de la banda ancha creara un nuevo formato de consumo audiovisual: el vídeo online.El vídeo online se convierte hoy por hoy en un nuevo paradigma de negocio. Su consumo es el que más ha crecido en el país, a la vez, que se constituye en una amenaza para un sector, que como el de Televisión de Pago necesita, nuevamente, de redefiniciones en sus ofertas de contenidos y consumos, haciendo que dicha amenaza se convierta en una oportunidad de negocio.Esta investigación realiza un recorrido histórico por la transformación y evolución de la Televisión de pago en España hasta llegar al auge del vídeo online teniendo presente cómo han incidido las tecnologías, las legislaciones y los conglomerados económicos.
Nietzsche, Darwin und die Kritik der Politischen Theologie
Authors: Gerhardt (Hrsg.) Volker , Reschke (Hrsg.) Renate 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Den Darwinismus hat Friedrich Nietzsche als ‘letzte große wissenschaftliche Bewegung in Europa’ bezeichnet. Das hat ihn nicht gehindert, ihn gleichzeitig heftig zu kritisieren, nach seiner Prämisse, es lohne nur, sich mit großen Gegnern auseinanderzusetzen. Der ,Kampf ums Dasein’ schien ihm mehr behauptet als erwiesen. Er setzt sein ‘Wille zur Macht’-Theorem dagegen: es erfasse, unter der Optik von Lebenssteigerung und ‘Selbstorganisation’ die Komplexität und das Moment der Genealogie adäquater, als es jede an Darwin orientierte Evolutions- oder Forschrittsidee vermag.
Was lag näher, als im Darwin-Jahr 2009 Philosophen, Nietzscheforscher und Kulturwissenschaftler einzuladen, neue Forschungsergebnisse zu Darwin und Nietzsche vorzustellen. Die Themen reichen vom Sozialdarwinismus und Züchtungsgedanken, von Evolution und ewiger Wiederkehr, Décadence und Mittelmäßigkeit bis zu Fragen weiterführender Rezeption in der Postmoderne.
In Korrespondenz dazu stehen Beiträge zur modernen Politischen Theologie, deren dogmatische und/oder metaphysische Voraussetzungen im Kontext Nietzsches ebenso kritisch hinterfragt werden wie ihre historischen Wurzeln und gegenwärtigen Perspektiven.
Challenges of thyroid cancer management in amiodarone-treated patients: a case report
Authors: Petrulea Mirela Sanda , Lencu Codruta , Piciu Doina , Lisencu Cosmin Ioan , Georgescu Carmen Emanuela 
Published: September 2015

Abstract Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Although the overall prognosis for patients with TC is good, up to 20-30% of patients have recurrent or persistent disease after conventional therapy by surgical resection and radioactive iodine (RAI).Amiodarone is a highly efficient anti-arrhythmic drug with a very long half-life, so it may interfere with RAI many months after the drug withdrawal.This case report mirrors the challenges of thyroid cancer management in an amiodarone-treated patient.
Determination of a novel size proxy in comparative morphometrics
Authors: Gallagher Andrew 
Published: September 2015

Absolute size is a critical determinant of organismal biology, yet there exists no real consensus as to what particular metric of ‘size’ is empirically valid in assessments of extinct mammalian taxa. The methodological approach of JE Mosimann has found extensive favour in ‘size correction’ in comparative morphometrics, but not ‘size prediction’ in palaeontology and palaeobiology. Analyses of five distinct mammalian data sets confirm that a novel size variate (GMSize) derived from k=8 dimensions of the postcranial skeleton effectively satisfies all expectations of the Jolicoeur–Mosimann theorem of univariate and multivariate size. On the basis of strong parametric correlations between the k=8 variates and between scores derived from the first principal component and geometric mean size (GMSize) in all series, this novel size variable has considerable utility in comparative vertebrate morphometrics and palaeobiology as an appropriate descriptor of individual size in extant and extinct taxa.
Visible Women: Female Sodomy in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Southern Netherlands (1400-1550)
Authors: Roelens Jonas 
Published: September 2015

Compared to the number of prosecutions for male sodomy, few cases of same-sex acts between women are known in early modern Europe. In the Southern Netherlands however, no less than 25 women were charged with this crime between c. 1400 and 1550, which means that nearly one out of ten accused sodomites in the region was a woman. Moreover, female sodomites were punished in the same way as their male counterparts. This article argues that the exceptional repression of female same-sex acts was the result of the relatively high level of liberty and visibility women enjoyed in the Southern Netherlands, compared to other regions. The more visible women were in society, the more women attracted to people of their own sex were at risk of being discovered and penalised. Zichtbare vrouwen. Vrouwelijke sodomie in de laatmiddeleeuwse en vroegmoderne Zuidelijke Nederlanden (1400-1550)In vergelijking met het aantal mannelijke sodomieprocessen dat in vroegmodern Europa gevoerd werd, zijn er amper zaken bekend waarin vrouwen betrokken waren. In de Zuidelijke Nederlanden daarentegen werden niet minder dan 25 vrouwelijke sodomieten vervolgd tussen ca. 1400 en 1550. Dit betekent dat bijna één op de tien beschuldigde sodomieten in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden vrouwen waren. Bovendienwerden vrouwelijke sodomieten op dezelfde manier bestraft als hun mannelijke tegenhangers. Dit artikel stelt dat de grote mate van vrijheid en zichtbaarheid die vrouwen in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden genoten de oorzaak is van de uitzonderlijk hoge vervolgingsgraad van vrouwelijke sodomie in de regio. Hoe zichtbaarder vrouwen waren in de maatschappij, hoe groter het risico voor vrouwen die zich aangetrokken voelden tot andere vrouwen om ontdekt en bestraft te worden.
Walking the Terrain of History with a Faulty Map
Authors: Jacob Margaret C. 
Published: September 2015

Benjamin Kaplan’s superb new book, Cunegonde’s Kidnapping, offers an opportunity to access the value of Jonathan Israel’s rigid distinction between the so-called moderate and radical Enlightenments. Sometimes micro-histories expose the dangers of macro-histories founded not on historical reality but on the prejudices of the historian. Wandelen over het terrein van de geschiedenis met een verkeerde kaartBenjamin Kaplans indrukwekkende Cunegonde’s Kidnapping biedt een mogelijkheid om Jonathan Israels strakke scheiding tussen zogenoemde gematigde en radicale Verlichting op waarde te schatten. Micro-geschiedenissen kunnen soms de gevaren blootleggen van macro geschiedenissen die niet op de historische werkelijkheid zijn gebaseerd, maar op vooroordelen van de historicus.
The Fiscal System Influence on Oil Fields Development and Government Participation
Authors: Marques Lívia Moraes 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In 2010, the Brazilian government changed its regulatory framework for the exploration and production of the pre-salt reserves, located in the Campos and Santos basins, from royalty and tax (R&T) to a production-sharing contract (PSC) to increase the government take (GT). When defining an oil or natural gas reservoir production strategy, not only all available reservoir characteristics and economic scenarios must be considered, but also the fiscal system involved. Previous works have shown that, in more optimistic economic scenarios, the optimal recovery strategy presents low dependency on fiscals systems. This work aims to evaluate the fiscal system dependency on an oil field development under different economic scenarios to verify if that behavior continues. Two different reservoir models were submitted to a production strategy selection process for both fiscal systems in four economic scenarios. The results were compared using technical and economic evaluation indicators. Considering the development and production strategy based on the company objective-function net present value (NPV), results showed that the fiscal system influences the strategy and level of investments, mainly in pessimistic economic scenarios, where fewer investments reduce the government return compared to the former tax system. The PSC was designed aiming to generate higher government participations. Results suggest that, in fact, the GT of the optimized strategies for PSC are superior to the results from R&T. However, this is not a pattern when analyzed from the viewpoint of government revenues (GR). Reservoir models with high volumes of original oil in place (OOIP) generate higher total revenue (TR) when developed under R&T, leading to higher revenues for both the company and the government. Results indicate the importance of analyzing the government participations with care when interpreting both indicators and the influence of the fiscal system when selecting a production strategy under more pessimistic economic scenarios.
Evaluation of the safety of long-term, daily oral administration of grapiprant, a novel drug for treatment of osteoarthritic pain and inflammation, in healthy dogs
Authors: Rausch-Derra Lesley C. , Huebner Margie , Rhodes Linda 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety of daily oral administration of grapiprant to dogs.
ANIMALS Thirty-six 9-month-old Beagles of both sexes.
PROCEDURES Dogs were randomly assigned to groups that received grapiprant via oral gavage at 0, 1, 6, or 50 mg/kg (total volume, 5 mL/kg), q 24 h for 9 months. Each group contained 4 dogs of each sex (ie, 8 dogs/group), except for the 50 mg/kg group, which included 4 additional dogs that were monitored for an additional 30 days after treatment concluded (recovery period). All dogs received ophthalmologic, ECG, and laboratory evaluations before treatment began (baseline) and periodically afterward. All dogs were observed daily. Dogs were euthanized at the end of the study for necropsy and histologic evaluation.
RESULTS All dogs remained clinically normal during treatment, with no apparent changes in appetite or demeanor. Emesis and soft or mucoid feces that occasionally contained blood were observed in all groups, although these findings were more common in dogs that received grapiprant. In general, clinicopathologic findings remained within baseline ranges. Drug-related changes in serum total protein and albumin concentrations were detected, but differences were small and resolved during recovery. No drug-related gross or microscopic pathological changes were detected in tissue samples except mild mucosal regeneration in the ileum of 1 dog in the 50 mg/kg group.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested the safety of long-term oral administration of grapiprant to dogs. Efficacy of grapiprant in the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis needs to be evaluated in other studies.
Bactericidal effects of various concentrations of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin phosphate, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica
Authors: Blondeau Joseph M. , Shebelski Shantelle D. , Hesje Christine K. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine bactericidal effects of enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin on clinical isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica at various bacterial densities and drug concentrations.
SAMPLE 4 unique isolates of M haemolytica recovered from clinically infected cattle.
PROCEDURES Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and mutant prevention concentration (MPC) were determined for each drug and isolate. Mannheimia haemolytica suspensions (106 to 109 CFUs/mL) were exposed to the determined MIC and MPC and preestablished maximum serum and tissue concentrations of each drug. Log10 reduction in viable cells (percentage of cells killed) was measured at various points.
RESULTS Bacterial killing at the MIC was slow and incomplete. After 2 hours of isolate exposure to the MPC and maximum serum and tissue concentrations of the tested drugs, 91% to almost 100% cell killing was achieved with enrofloxacin, compared with 8% growth to 93% cell killing with florfenicol, 199% growth to 63% cell killing with tilmicosin, and 128% growth to 43% cell killing with tulathromycin over the range of inoculum tested. For all drugs, killing of viable organisms was evident at all bacterial densities tested; however, killing was more substantial at the MPC and maximum serum and tissue drug concentrations than at the MIC and increased with duration of drug exposure. Rank order of drugs by killing potency was enrofloxacin, florfenicol, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that antimicrobial doses that equaled or exceeded the MPC provided rapid killing of M haemolytica by the tested drugs, decreasing opportunities for antimicrobial-resistant subpopulations of bacteria to develop during drug exposure.
Use of indocyanine green and sodium fluorescein for anterior segment angiography in ophthalmologically normal cats
Authors: Pirie Chris G. , Alario Anthony 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess and compare results of anterior segment angiography of ophthalmologically normal cats following IV injection with indocyanine green and sodium fluorescein dyes.
ANIMALS 10 client-owned cats.
PROCEDURES Anterior segment angiography was performed in anesthetized cats following administration of 0.25% indocyanine green (1.0 mg/kg, IV) or 10% sodium fluorescein (20 mg/kg, IV) solution. All cats received both treatments. Imaging (1 eye/cat) was performed with a full-spectrum digital single-lens reflex camera equipped with an adaptor (1 image/s for 30 seconds) immediately following IV dye injection and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes after injection. Onset and duration of arterial, capillary, and venous phases of iris vasculature were identified and compared statistically between treatments. Degree of iridal pigmentation, leakage of dye from iris vasculature, and image quality were subjectively assessed.
RESULTS No differences were found in onset or duration of vascular phases between treatments. Visibility of the iris vasculature was not impaired by poor or moderate iridal pigmentation with either method. Indocyanine green provided subjectively better vascular detail and image contrast than sodium fluorescein. No vascular dye leakage was observed following indocyanine green administration. Leakage of dye from blood vessels in the stroma (in 10 cats) and presence of dye in the anterior chamber (in 5 cats) were detected after sodium fluorescein administration.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Images obtained with either fluorescent dye were considered to be of diagnostic quality. Lack of leakage following indocyanine green administration suggested this treatment may have better diagnostic utility for anterior segment angiography. The photographic equipment used provided a cost-effective alternative to existing imaging systems.