bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Impact of Sleeve Gastrectomy and One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass on Glycemic Control and Abdominal Adiposity:ARandomized Controlled Study
Authors: Hamouda Haitham Hassan , Sabry Hany maurice , El-mekawy Mohamed serag , Arfaat Noha Wael , Saied Sami Mufeed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) depots are implicated in the interplay between obesity and metabolic complications. The present study aimed to compare the impact of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and one anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) on weight loss and glycemic control and to assess the potential role of VAT in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) remission.
Patients and methods
Patients with obesity and DM participated in this randomized controlled study were randomly allocated to the SG and OAGB groups. Computed tomography was used to assess VAT and SAT. Patients were followed up one year after surgery.
Results
At the 12-month follow-up, the two groups showed significant weight loss and improvement in the metabolic profile. The OAGB group showed a statistically significant higher percentage reduction in HbA1c. The incidence of complete remission was 76.0% in the SG group and 87.0% in the OAGB group (p = 0.331). The OAGB group showed significantly lower mean VAT/SAT and higher mean reduction rates. DM duration and VAT/SAT still significantly predicted DM remission.
Conclusion
Both SG and OAGB procedures are effective in achieving weight loss and improving metabolic performance at 12 months postoperatively. The OAGB group showed superior glycemic control and a higher reduction in the VAT area relative to abdominal fat.
Latency to delivery and incidence of adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes inpreterm premature rupture of membranes before 32 weeks
Authors: Seravalli Viola , Colucci Chiara , Chiara Di Cencio , Morucchio Anna , Barsanti Federica , Tommaso Mariarosaria Di 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the average latency to delivery, obstetric outcomes and neonatal survival in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) before 32 weeks.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on pregnant women admitted for PPROM before 32 weeks. Patients were categorized into three groups based on gestational age (GA) at PPROM (< 24, 24 to 28, 28 to 31+ 6 weeks). Latency to delivery, obstetric outcomes and neonatal survival were analyzed.
Results
86 women who had PPROM before 32 weeks were identified. The mean GA at PPROM was 26.1 weeks and the median latency to delivery was 16 days (IQR 4, 27). The median latency to delivery was 22 days for previable PPROM, 11 days for PPROM between 24 and 28 weeks, and 16 days for PPROM between 28 and 32 weeks (p = 0.29). All cases of placental abruption (7/86, 8%) and cord prolapse (6/86, 7%) occurred in women with PPROM before 28 weeks. In 44% of PPROM, placental histology demonstrated chorionamnionitis. Neonatal survival at discharge was significantly lower in previable PPROM (< 24 weeks) compared to PPROM at 24–26 weeks (58% vs 92%, p = 0.04), and it reached 100% in cases of PPROM after 28 weeks.
Conclusion
In PPROM occurring before 32 weeks the median latency to delivery ranged between 11 and 22 days. Neonatal survival improves with higher GA at PPROM, and it increases by more than 33% when PPROM occurs after 24 weeks of gestation. These data may be valuable for patient counselling.
The protective role of basophil against sepsis mortality
Authors: Pang Mingmin , Fan Shaohua , Zhang Shihan , Li Yanan , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective: The role of basophils on sepsis prognosis remains understudied and we aimed to investigate the effects of basophil on sepsis mortality.
Methodology: Initially, a prospective local cohort was conducted to establish primary connection between basophil count and 28-day mortality. In addition, sepsis patients from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) database were extracted for validation purposes. Thirdly, 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was applied from UK Biobank cohort to confirm the causative link between basophil and sepsis death. Lastly, prognostic effect of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) by ameliorating basopenia was assessed utilizing MIMIC data.
Findings: Independent verification from both MIMIC and local cohort revealed basophil count as a protective factor against mortality (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.28 - 0.42; HR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.30–0.52). The MR analysis substantiated the causal relationship between basophil and death (OR=0.776, 95% CI [0.637,0.946], P=0.002). Administration of human G-CSF led to an increase in basophil counts and resulted in a notable decrease in mortality among patients with basopenia (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58 - 0.93).
Conclusion: Basophils significantly contribute to protecting against sepsis mortality, and bolstering basophil numbers may be a feasible strategy in reducing mortality.
Risk assessment and transmission of fluoroquinolone resistance in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in South India: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study
Authors: Prakash Vijayalakshmi , Joes Maria , Usharani Bramacharry , Venkateswari Ramachandra , Gunavathy Pradhabane , Balasundaram Revathi Mani , VN Azger Dusthackeer , Muthuraj Muthaiah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Fluoroquinolone resistance is a significant global challenge in treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The WHO-endorsed GenoType MTBDRsl Ver 2.0 was used for a retrospective analysis of the molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance. The FQ resistance rates in MDR-TB, RR-TB, and non-MDR-TB cases were 33%, 16.5%, and 5.4%, respectively. The most common mutation in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates was D94G (49.5%) in the gyrA gene. In MDR-TB isolates, the prevalence of XDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB was 1.33% and 30% respectively. Among the 139 rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis isolates, pre-XDR-TB prevalence was 15.8%. The fluoroquinolone resistance rate was 5.12% among the 1230 isoniazid-monoresistant isolates. The study found that MDR-TB has a significantly higher risk (RR = 4.03; 95%CI: 2.94-5.53) of having fluoroquinolone resistance compared to non-MDR (RR = 0.26; 95%CI: 0.19-0.35) and rifampicin-monoresistant tuberculosis (RR=1.85; 95%CI: 1.22-2.80). Rifampicin-resistant isolates with a mutation at codon S450L have a higher risk (RR = 3.97; 95%CI: 2.90-5.44) for fluoroquinolone resistance than isolates with mutations at other codons in the rpoB gene. The study concludes that rapid diagnosis of fluoroquinolone resistance before starting treatment is urgently needed to prevent the transmission and amplification of resistance and achieve better treatment outcomes, especially in South India, where fluoroquinolone resistance is higher.
Tooth mobility revealing a brown tumor associated with normocalcemic tertiary hyperparathyroidism: case report and literature review
Authors: Boukssim Sara , Damiri Amal , Chami Bassima 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Brown tumors are rare non neoplastic lesions resulting from abnormal bone metabolism in hyperparathyroidism. They are rarely observed in tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a very rare condition that arises in the setting of renal disease. It is the autonomous secretion of parathyroid hormone leading to persistent hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathormone despite resolution of the underlying problem.
Case presentation:
we report an unusual case of tooth mobility revealing the presence of a brown tumor located in the mandible in a north African 41 year old male with chronic kidney disease and a history of parathyroidectomy. Clinical examination revealed firm vestibular swelling. Radiographic assessment showed a well-defined periapical radiolucent lesion, consistent with a giant cell lesion. Elevated parathyroid hormone levels (3283.0 pg/ml), normocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia supported the diagnosis of a brown tumor due to tertiary hyperparathyroidism. The treatment of brown tumor consists of addressing the underlying hyperparathyroidism. The unusual observation is that the patient presented with elevated parathormone level associated with normocalcemia raising the question on the indication for parathyroidectomy in this case.
Conclusion
The patient initially benefited from a parathyroidectomy with a reduction in serum parathormone by over 50% and tumor regression. However, 2 months later, we observed a recurrence of parathormone levels ,while calcium levels remained normal, necessitating the use of high dose calcimemitic agents. This case highlights the importance of thorough evaluation in patients with chronic kidney disease and persistent hyperparathyroidism, and also the question of the indication of parathyroidectomy in normocalcemic tertiary hyperparathyroidism
The value of the proportion of perfused vessels change rate in the evaluation of early organ function deterioration in septic shock and ARDS
Authors: Huang Shu-Ya , Dong Rui , Li Xiao-Yan , Zhang Gen-Sheng , Gao Yan-Qiu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This study explores the relationship between the proportion of perfused vessels change rate (ΔPPV), the shedding of the glycocalyx marker syndecan-1 (SDC-1), and the utility of ΔPPV in assessing early organ function deterioration in septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients.Patients were categorized into two groups based on the change in their Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score over 24 hours: the organ function deterioration group (SOFA24h-0h score ≥ 1) and the non-deterioration group (SOFA24h-0h score < 1). Sublingual microcirculation, lactic acid levels, and SDC-1 were evaluated at 0 and 6 hours. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) for ΔPPV and its combination with lactate clearance rate (LCR). Secondary endpoints included the correlation between ΔPPV and SDC-1, hospital mortality, and survival analysis.The study included 67 patients. The AUC for ΔPPV was 0.813 (95% CI: 0.707-0.919), and when combined with LCR, it was 0.871 (95% CI: 0.785- 0.957). Additionally, a negative correlation between ΔPPV and SDC-1 was observed. Patients who met the criteria of ΔPPV≥7.6% and LCR≥14.6% demonstrated a higher survival rate compared to other groups (Log-rank test: χ²=6.489, P<0.011).Microcirculatory disorders are closely linked to glycocalyx shedding. ΔPPV, particularly when combined with LCR, can effectively predict early organ function deterioration and has significant prognostic value for hospital mortality.
Dysregulated Maternal and Newborn Fatty Acid, Sugar and Amino Acid Metabolism Associated with High Birth Weight
Authors: Chen Zhanghua , Qiu Chenyu , Liao Jiawen , Gheissari Roya , Li Claire , Kapai Anika , Conti David , Jones Dean , Bastain Theresa , Breton Carrie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study focuses on identifying maternal and neonatal metabolomic profiles linked to adverse birthweight, while also exploring how altered metabolomic signatures influence the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms connecting maternal risk factors and adverse birthweight.
Methods
Ninety-six pregnant women and their newborns from the MADRES prospective cohort were studied. Maternal serum at third trimester and newborn cord blood were assayed for untargeted metabolomics using mass-spectrometry. Metabolome-wide association analysis was conducted to assess maternal and newborn metabolomic features association with birth weight Z-score, followed by network analysis of maternal and newborn metabolomics. Lastly, the contribution of maternal and newborn metabolomics to associations between maternal risk factors and newborn birthweight was assessed.
Results
Maternal gestational weight gain and parity were positively associated with newborn birthweight. Maternal glucose and amino acid metabolism pathways and newborn’s fatty acid, glucose metabolism and C21-steroid hormone biosynthesis were significantly enriched with high birth weight Z-score. Dysregulation in these pathways linked maternal factors such as gestational weight gain and parity with high birth weight Z-score.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that altered maternal sugar and energy metabolism, newborn sugar and amino acid metabolism, and newborn C21-steroid hormone biosynthesis associated with high birth weight. These alternations may reflect the increased susceptibility to the effects of greater gestational weight gain and multiparity on high birth weight.
Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab Rechallenge in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Refractory to Prior Anti-PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Lai Kuan-Chang , Chen Yen-Hao , Hung Yi-Ping , Chiang Nai-Jung , Chen Ming-Huang , CHEN SAN-CHI 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background/Purpose:
Recently, anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) and anti-PD-L1 therapies were approved for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the effectiveness of rechallenging with one immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) after failure of another remains unclear. This study explores the efficacy and safety of anti-PD-L1 rechallenge in patients who failed anti-PD-1 therapy.
Methods:
From January 2016 to December 2023, 65 advanced HCC patients previously treated with anti-PD-1 therapy were retrospectively enrolled and rechallenged with durvalumab (480 mg IV every two weeks).
Results:
Overall, 86.2% of patients received nivolumab and 13.8% pembrolizumab as prior anti-PD-1 therapy. The overall response rate (ORR) to durvalumab was 13.8%. Patients who responded to prior anti-PD-1 had a higher ORR compared to non-responders (31.3% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.04). Patients with any grade of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from durvalumab had a higher ORR than those without irAEs (35.3% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.01). The median PFS was 5.4 months, and the median OS was 9.6 months. Responders to prior anti-PD-1 showed longer OS (33.9 vs. 8.2 months, p < 0.01) and a trend toward longer PFS (13.8 vs. 4.9 months, p = 0.07) compared to non-responders. Multivariate analysis identified prior anti-PD-1 response (HR: 0.31) as the only protective factor for death. Common irAEs were skin toxicity (13.8%) and hepatitis (7.7%); no correlation was found between irAEs from prior anti-PD-1 and durvalumab treatment.
Conclusion:
This study provides the first, concrete evidence that durvalumab rechallenge is effective for HCC patients who are refractory to anti-PD-1 therapy, especially for those who previously responded to anti-PD-1 treatment.
Practical Classification approach for newly diagnosed diabetes onset with ketosis or ketoacidosis in children and adolescent patients
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Wang Yan , Wang Miao , Zhang Bo , Ma Caixia , Cui Lianlian , Wang Qianhan , Cao Zhenfeng , Yang Zhongwen , Shi Changsong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Distinguishing diabetes diagnosis is fundamental to ensuring proper management of patients, but has been challenging, especially in newly diagnosed diabetes onset with ketosis or ketoacidosis.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from 2017/1/1 to 2020/4/30 among children and adolescents with new-onset diabetes accompanied with ketosis or ketoacidosis. Data was collected at diabetes onset and 2 years after discharge. Patients were classified as type 1 or 2 diabetes (T1DM; T2DM) based on the patient's medication and final diagnosis. The best diagnostic cut-off point was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) between T1DM and T2DM.
Results
Among 153 children and adolescents, 78 patients (51.0%) were diagnosed as T1DM and 75 patients (49.0%) were diagnosed as T2DM after 2 years of follow-up. There were significant differences in sex, age, family history, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipids, uric acid (UA), C-peptide, combined fatty liver ratio and any islet autoantibody-positive ratio at the time of onset (P < 0.05). In the ROC analysis, fatty liver, SBP, BMI, fasting/1-h/2-h C peptide at the time of onset performed well on diagnostic typing (ROC AUC = 0.79, 0.83, 0.92, 0.94, 0.96, and 0.95 respectively; Optimal cut point = 1.5, 110.5, 21.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0).
Conclusions
This study provides a practical clinical approach to the diagnosis and classification of diabetes. Caution is needed in C-peptide, BMI, SBP and fatty liver at the time of onset, which have effective diagnostic values.
Development of a complex intervention to strengthen municipality-based breastfeeding support to reduced social inequity in breastfeeding
Authors: Nilsson Ingrid , Busck-Rasmussen Marianne , Villadsen Sarah Fredsted 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Breastfeeding is the ideal nutrition for infants and protects infants and mothers from a range of adverse health outcomes during their lifespan. In Denmark, while the breastfeeding initiation rate is high, only 14% of mothers meet the World Health Organization’s recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding at six months. Furthermore, a notable social inequity exists among those who achieve this recommendation. Knowledge of effective interventions to reduce breastfeeding inequity is limited. A previous hospital-based intervention succeeded in increasing breastfeeding duration. However, most breastfeeding support is provided in Danish municipalities by health visitors. This called for adapting the intervention to the health visiting program and developing an intensified intervention addressing the social inequity in breastfeeding. This article describes the adaptation and development process of the intervention ‘Breastfeeding – a good start together’.
Methods
During a 15-month period in 2020-21, the municipal intervention was iteratively developed using a three-stage framework for developing complex health interventions described by Hawkins et al. The three stages were 1) need assessment and stakeholder consultation, 2) co-production and 3) prototyping. The process was inspired by O’Cathain et al.’s principles for a user-centred, co-created and theory- and evidence-based approach, involving parents and health visitors.
Results
In stage 1, we identified the needs and priorities of the target groups of the intervention. In stage 2, the intervention was developed through action research design and inspired by Duus’ ‘learning cycles’ as the method to enhance motivation and ownership and to strengthen the implementation process by creating a joint room for learning and reflection with health visitors and developers. In stage 3, the intervention was tested for feasibility and usefulness during a 2.5-month period accompanied by monthly dialogue meetings with health visitors and developers. In this period, the intervention was refined based on the gathered experiences and was subsequently prepared for evaluation.
Conclusion
The description of the development of this complex intervention, aimed at increasing breastfeeding duration and reducing inequity, offers breastfeeding practitioners and researchers a transparent foundation for continuously improving breastfeeding support and a methodology for complex intervention development.
Trial registration
Registered at Clinical Trials NCT05311631.
Overexpression of GADD45g inhibits proliferation and invasion of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines with FLT3-ITD+ by downregulating the JNK pathway
Authors: Li Feifan , Dong Huiyun , Yang Yanli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

To Explore the effects of overexpression of GADD45g inhibits proliferation and invasion of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines with FLT3-ITD+ by downregulating the JNK pathway. A total of 30 bone marrow specimens from patients with initial diagnosis of AML were selected, of which 10 were FLT3-ITD+, and the expression level of GADD45G mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR in bone marrow single nuclei from patients with primary AML, FLT3-ITD+ AML patients, as well as FLT3-ITD+ AML cell lines. GADD45G overexpression lentivirus was constructed and infected FLT3-ITD+ AML cell lines, and the effects of GADD45G overexpression on FLT3+ AML cell lines were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, invasive migration, colony formation and flow assay. The effect on biological functions after using the JNK pathway inhibitor SP600125. The expression level of GADD45G was significantly lower in FLT3-ITD+ AML patients and cell lines (P< 0.001). Overexpression of GADD45G in FLT3-ITD+ AML cell lines inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, clone formation (P<0.001) and induced apoptosis (P<0.001), and significantly increased the expression levels of P-JNK/JNK and P-P38/P38 proteins (P<0.001). The use of JNK pathway inhibitor SP600125 promoted proliferation, migration invasion, clone formation, inhibited apoptosis (P<0.001) and decreased expression of related proteins (P<0.001) compared with the overexpression of GADD45G group. The GADD45G gene is lowly expressed in bone marrow and cell lines of FLT3-ITD+ AML patients, which inhibits their biological functions, and the overexpression of GADD45G may induce apoptosis by downregulating the JNK pathway.
Taiwanese population prevalence of frontal sinus architecture variations and relationships with frontal sinusitis in comparison to worldwide prevalence
Authors: Chang Ting-Wei , Chao Pin-Zhir , Wang Hsing-Won 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Because of its intricate and varied structure, the frontal sinus is difficult to surgically access. In order to improve surgical precision, the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC) presents a standardized nomenclature of cells in the frontal sinus and frontal recess. This study examines frontal sinus cell prevalence in Taiwanese and worldwide populations.
Methods: In total, 284 sides were gathered from 142 computed tomography (CT) scans in this retrospective analysis during January 2019 to April 2019, with independent assessments for the left and right sides. The IFAC was used to determine the prevalence of each kind of frontal sinus cells. Frontal rhinosinusitis was diagnosed through CT scans and evaluated using the Lund-Mackay score. In addition, the PubMed databases was used to search for articles analyzing the prevalence of frontal sinus cells based on the IFAC. A total of 11 articles were analyzed, including our analysis of the prevalence in the Taiwanese population. (Trial registration: N202305004. Registered 19 May 2023.)
Results: With an appearance in 90.5 percent of the patients in the Taiwanese population and 92.5 percent in worldwide, the agger nasi cells were the most frequently occurring cell in both Taiwanese and global populations. In 17.3 percent of instances, frontal sinusitis was present; in 82.8 percent of cases, it was missing. None of the frontal cell variations were shown to be significantly associated with the development of frontal sinusitis (all p > 0.05).
Conclusion: This study documents the prevalence of frontal cell types based on the IFAC system in a Taiwanese and the global population. While this article did not establish a direct association between frontal sinus cells and frontal sinusitis, these frontal sinus cells do indeed influence the drainage of frontal sinus secretions. Therefore, comprehensively categorizing frontal sinus cells through the IFAC system can provide valuable insights for future surgeries and related research.