bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity and Language Learning in Study Abroad
Authors: Kinginger Celeste 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIdentity, and related conflict, can influence both qualities of language learning experiences in study abroad settings and learners' choices of language to appropriate or reject. The article offers an overview of research examining the role of identity in student sojourns abroad. This research includes (1) holistic, qualitative studies of the ways in which identities shape language learning opportunities, and (2) studies examining the development of specific, identity‐related pragmatic abilities. After defining identity and study abroad, the researcher organizes this article in terms of salient demographic categories represented in the literature: nationality/“foreigner” status, gender, linguistic inheritance, age status, and ethnicity. Where possible, examples of both holistic and pragmatics‐oriented research are included for each category. The conclusion suggests implications for language education and the design of study abroad programs along with some avenues toward greater ecological validity in research of both kinds.
Questioning the Text: Advancing Literary Reading in the Second Language Through Web‐Based Strategy Training
Authors: Urlaub Per 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study assessed language learners' perceptions of an instructional approach to literary reading in the second language. The approach under investigation is based on a Web tutorial that teaches questioning strategies. Seventy‐eight German students enrolled at a state university in the United States participated in the study. Questionnaire data suggest that most of the learners perceived the approach positively in regard to its impact in facilitating the development of literary reading competencies in the second language. Students with positive perceptions about the Web tutorial were more likely to report a positive affective response to the literary texts and a higher motivation to continue the study of German beyond the university's foreign language requirement.
Going Mobile: Language Learning With an iPod Touch in Intermediate French and German Classes
Authors: Ducate Lara , Lomicka Lara 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMobile devices are becoming more and more pervasive in today's world for both personal use and educational purposes. Specific to the field of languages, mobile‐assisted language learning, derived from m‐learning and computer‐assisted language learning (CALL), differs from CALL in that it makes use of a personal portable device to enhance learning and give it the “anytime, anyplace” feature. Our study focused on both the learner and the mobile tool. We specifically investigated how students use mobile devices, specifically the iPod Touch, while noting differences in both personal and academic use. Using ecological constructivism as a theoretical framework, we examined the affordances of the mobile devices that encourage interaction with the target language and culture and explored a range of tasks using a mobile device.
Evaluation of a Spatial Relationship by the Concept of Intrinsic Spatial Distance
Authors: Leung Yee , Meng Deyu , Xu Zongben 
Published: October 2015

We propose the concept of intrinsic spatial distance (ISD) for the study of a spatial relationship between any two points in space.ISDis a distance measure that takes into account the separation of two points with respect to their physical and attribute closeness. We construct an algorithm to implement this concept as anISDmeasurement. Based on theISDconcept, two points in space are related through a transitional path linking one to the other. As anISDmeasurement decreases, the spatial relationship between two points becomes increasingly stronger. We argue theoretically and demonstrate empirically that theISDconcept is not predisposed in favor of the first law of geography, but directly considers variance of nearness in physical distance and attribute distance to derive the extent to which two points are spatially associated. Specifically, in single attribute cases, the information uncovered by anISDmeasurement is more elaborate than that revealed byMoran'sI, localMoran'sI, and a semivariogram, giving a meticulous account of relatedness in both local and global contexts. TheISDconcept is also sufficiently general to be used to study multiple attributes of relationships.Proponemos el concepto de distancia espacial intrínseca (intrinsic spatial distance‐ISD) para el estudio de la relación espacial entre dos puntos en el espacio. La ISD es una medición de distancia que tiene en cuenta la separación de dos puntos con respecto a su cercanía física y de atributo. Construimos un algoritmo para aplicar este concepto y crear una medición ISD. De acuerdo con en el concepto ISD, dos puntos en el espacio están relacionadas a través de un camino de transición que los vincula uno al otro. A medida que la medición ISD disminuye, la relación espacial entre dos puntos se refuerza. Argumentamos teóricamente y demostramos empíricamente que el concepto ISD no está predispuesto a favor de la primera ley de la geografía (de Tobler), pero considera directamente la varianza de la cercanía de la distancia física y la distancia del valor del atributo para derivar una medición que cuantifica el grado en el que dos puntos están asociados espacialmente. En concreto, en los casos de atributos individuales, la información revelada por una medición ISD es más sofisticada que la que proporcionada por el índice de Moran, el índice de Moran local, y el semivariograma, pues da cuanta minuciosa de la relación espacial y de atributo en contextos locales y globales. El concepto de ISD también es lo suficientemente general para ser usado en el estudio de relaciones entre múltiples atributos.本文提出了内蕴空间距离(ISD)来研究空间中任意两点之间的空间关系。ISD是考虑空间上分离的两点各自物理和属性接近度的一种距离度量。通过构造一个算法将该概念转变为ISD可度量方式。基于ISD概念，空间上的两点通过连接两者迁移路径相关联。当ISD度量减小时，两点之间空间关系变得越来越强。理论论证和实例演示表明ISD概念并不倾向于符合地理学第一定律，但直接考虑两点间物理距离和属性距离临近性的变化可以推导两点在空间上的联系程度。特别是在单一属性案例中，相比于Moran’s I,局部Moran’s I和半方差图，ISD度量揭示了全局与局部环境中详尽的空间相关信息。同时，ISD概念在研究多属性的空间关系中也是足够通用的。
Cultural–Historical Geographies of the Archive: Fragments, Objects and Ghosts
Authors: Mills Sarah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article reviews the increasingly diverse ways in which geographers are engaging with archives. Although traditionally associated with historical geography, cultural–historical geographers have recently ‘animated’ the archive and its collections of fragments, objects and ghosts. Through this article, I provide an overview of the central characteristics of work in this field, as well as considering the discipline's wider relationship with archival material. Overall, I reflect on the key challenges for geographers in animating and ‘bringing to life’ the archive – and by extension – the past.
Informal Waste Management in Africa: Perspectives and Lessons from Nigerian Garbage Geographies
Authors: Nzeadibe Thaddeus Chidi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInformal waste management (IWM) has over the years been a contentious issue in urban development policy in Africa. Surprisingly, knowledge contributions on the subject have remained somewhat poorly assessed by urban development researchers throughout the continent. This paper reviews developments in IWM in Africa, drawing from lessons learned over a decade of research and activism in Nigerian cities. The aim is to evaluate the scholarship impact of Nigerian informal garbage geographies and to accentuate emerging innovations in IWM research and activism in the country. The paper first contextualizes IWM in Africa, zeroing in on Egypt and South Africa, two countries with widely acknowledged systems. Next, it draws attention to some unique developments in the Nigerian system while also linking the Nigerian case study to broader literatures on Africa. On the basis of a critical sub‐sectoral review of African literature and a comparative analysis of research and activism in Nigeria, the paper argues that research on Nigerian IWM has seemingly enjoyed a modicum of international acceptability and recognition as evidenced by the involvement of reputable Afro‐oriented institutions and associations and the high quality of the resultant publications. The paper avers that in the absence of sustainable solutions from the formal sector, IWM appears to have carved a niche through innovations and inserted itself into the solid waste governance and development paradigm in many Nigerian cities. Emerging innovations in research and activism in Nigerian IWM are examined while their public policy relevance in Africa is highlighted.
The Public Response to Hazardous Weather Events: 25 Years of Research
Authors: Sherman‐Morris Kathleen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecent disasters with high numbers of fatalities such as Hurricane Katrina or the 2011 southeastern tornado outbreak demonstrate the need to understand the public's response in extreme weather events. Much of what we know about how an individual responds to a weather hazard comes from case study research on behaviors and perceptions following single events. Because many of the actions are context specific, it is important to periodically review these case studies as a group to identify any trends that cut across hazards or locations. This paper examines research on individual‐level response to weather hazards from 1988 to 2012 and identifies similarities among the events. In conducting the review, the author also identified those areas in the response to hazardous weather events that are least frequently studied, including response to extreme heat and winter storms and to a lesser extent the response to flood events in the USA. Subjects covered in many of the papers included how one becomes aware of the hazard, how one responds, and what factors influence the response. Each of these subjects is discussed for each type of event, followed by a summary of the generalizations that may be made from these case studies.
Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale: Instrument development and validity evaluation
Authors: Saito Takashi , Izawa Kazuhiro P , Omori Yutaka , Watanabe Shuichiro 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo validate the Functional Independence and Difficulty Scale, a new instrument that assesses both independence and difficulty in carrying out basic activities of daily living.MethodsFirst, we developed an item list for our construct through a literature review. Second, an expert panel evaluated the item list using the modified Delphi method. Third, to evaluate psychometric properties, a random sample of 593 community‐dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years from Shiki City, Japan, was surveyed by mail.ResultsWe developed an instrument comprising 14 items: getting up from bed, standing up from a chair, standing up from the floor, dressing, putting on pants, eating, cleaning after toileting, washing, brushing teeth, opening a PET bottle, cutting toenails, walking inside, walking outside and going up or down four to six steps. Function scores for basic activities of daily living ranged from 14–42, with higher scores representing better function. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92). Spearman's partial correlation coefficients controlled for sex and age between the new assessment tool, and the Katz Index and Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence were 0.81 (P < 0.01) and 0.63 (P < 0.01), respectively.ConclusionsThis new tool for assessment of the basic activities of daily living showed good internal consistency and validity. This assessment tool might be applicable in research and clinical practice to evaluate the basic activities of daily living of community‐dwelling elderly Japanese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1127–1137.
The Usual Treatment of Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias
Authors: Pareja Juan A. , Álvarez Mónica 
Published: October 2015

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias include cluster headache, paroxysmal hemicrania, and short‐lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks with conjunctival injection, tearing, and rhinorrhea (SUNCT). Conventional pharmacological therapy can be successful in the majority of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias patients.Most cluster headache attacks respond to 100% oxygen inhalation, or 6 mg subcutaneous sumatriptan. Nasal spray of sumatriptan (20 mg) or zolmitriptan (5 mg) are recommended as second choice. The bouts can be brought under control by a short course of corticosteroids (oral prednisone: 60‐100 mg/day, or intravenous methylprednisolone: 250‐500 mg/day, for 5 days, followed by tapering off the dosage), or by long‐term prophylaxis with verapamil (at least 240 mg/day). Alternative long‐term preventive medications include lithium carbonate (800‐1600 mg/day), methylergonovine (0.4‐1.2 mg/day), and topiramate (100‐200 mg/day).As a rule, paroxysmal hemicrania responds to preventive treatment with indomethacin (75‐150 mg/day).A short course of intravenous lidocaine (1‐4 mg/kg/hour) can reduce the flow of attacks during exacerbations of SUNCT. Lamotrigine (100‐300 mg/day) is the preventive drug of choice for SUNCT. Gabapentin (800‐2700 mg/day), topiramate (50‐300 mg/day), and carbamazepine (200‐1600 mg/day) may be of help.
Should We Teach That the Cause of the Black Death Was Bubonic Plague?
Authors: Pobst Phyllis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor most of the 20th century, historians accepted bubonic plague, Yersinia pestis, as the cause of the 14th‐century Black Death, although a wealth of primary sources seems to conflict with that diagnosis. Scientists focused on Y. pestis have been less certain than historians, arguing over their findings and how these might apply to the 14th century. Historians who believe the diagnosis was premature point to the speed with which the disease travelled, and killed; its symptoms, and its extraordinary morbidity and mortality rates; the shortage of evidence for rats or fleas; and the seasons and climates in which the disease thrived; and they question whether every inconvenient bit of medieval evidence can be covered by later hypothetical mutations. Yet, guided by textbooks, and by popular media that distort the work of scientists, teachers often omit medieval evidence that doesn't fit Yersinia. Uncertainty over the cause of the Black Death offers historians a chance to show how historical knowledge is generated, by realistic use of primary sources in dialogue with other scholarly disciplines.
Adverse events associated with acupuncture: a clinicopathologic review
Authors: Park Sung‐Min , Kim Won‐Jeong , Mun Je‐Ho , Kim Hoon‐Soo , Ko Hyun‐Chang , Kim Byung‐Soo , Kim Moon‐Bum , Song Margaret 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcupuncture is one of the most popular modalities used to treat various diseases in traditional Korean and Oriental medicine. However, its risk of adverse events can be easily overlooked.ObjectiveWe investigated dermatological adverse events associated with acupuncture to draw attention to the risk of such adverse events.MethodsWe evaluated the types of acupuncture, clinicopathologic diagnoses, treatments, and prognoses in patients with a causal relationship between acupuncture and dermatoses.ResultsThe study population comprised 25 patients (mean age, 52 years) with a history of acupuncture. Bee venom acupuncture was performed the most frequently (13 of 25 patients), and most patients received acupuncture to control pain (19 of 25 patients). The most common adverse event was infectious skin disease such as atypical mycobacterial infection or pyoderma/abscess, followed by hypersensitivity reactions, localized lipoatrophy, and hypertrophic scar. Acupuncture‐related dermatoses required a relatively long treatment period (average, 8.6 weeks).ConclusionVarious dermatoses may occur following acupuncture. To minimize the risk of these dermatoses, proper training and medical knowledge in acupuncture practice are necessary for medical personnel. Dermatologists, oriental medical practitioners, and patients should pay attention to the potential adverse events of acupuncture.
Carbon dioxide laser treatment for Hailey–Hailey disease: a retrospective chart review with patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Hochwalt Phillip C. , Christensen Kevin N. , Cantwell Sean R. , Hocker Thomas L. , Otley Clark C. , Brewer Jerry D. , Arpey Christopher J. , Roenigk Randall K. , Baum Christian L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundHailey–Hailey disease (HHD) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis that leads to skin breakdown and blister formation, usually in intertriginous areas. Laser ablation is a known surgical treatment for HHD.ObjectivesWe report outcomes in a series of patients with HHD treated with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser ablation.MethodsA retrospective chart review of data for 13 patients who underwent CO2 laser ablation for HHD was conducted. Questionnaires assessing effectiveness, pain, healing time, recurrence, new disease, complications, additional ablation, improvement in quality of life (QoL), and overall satisfaction were completed by all patients.ResultsAll patients had been recalcitrant to previous treatments prior to CO2 laser ablation. Anatomic sites treated and anesthesia techniques for the procedure varied. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) score for the effectiveness of CO2 laser ablation for HHD was 9.3 ± 0.9 (maximum: 10). All patients reported improved QoL. No patient had recurring disease within the treatment field. Five patients underwent additional CO2 laser treatments at new sites. One patient reported postoperative infection. No other complications were identified. The mean ± SD score for overall satisfaction with CO2 laser ablation was 8.9 ± 1.1.ConclusionsTreatment with CO2 laser ablation is very effective and can lead to prolonged or permanent remission in most HHD patients. Patients are highly satisfied with the results and report a substantial improvement in QoL.
Influence of aeration and agitation modes on solid‐state fermentation of apple pomace waste by Phanerochaete chrysosporium to produce ligninolytic enzymes and co‐extract polyphenols
Authors: Gassara Fatma , Ajila Chandran Matheyambath , Brar Satinder Kaur , Tyagi Rajeshwar Dayal , Verma Mausam , Valero José 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe effect of different types of agitation (i) continuous agitation (C); (ii) continuous, discontinuous, continuous agitation (C/D/C); (iii) discontinuous, continuous, discontinuous agitation (D/C/D) and aeration (0.87, 1.25, 1.66 vvm) on ligninolytic enzyme production and polyphenolic compounds extraction by solid‐state cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM‐F‐1767 was investigated. Higher production of manganese peroxidase (MnP) (1690.3 ± 87.6), lignin peroxidase (LiP) (387.9 ± 14.3) and laccase (898.9 ± 53.3 U gds−1) and liberation of total polyphenolics (ranging from 12.22 ± 1.1 to 30.12 ± 0.88 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram DW) was obtained after 195, 147, 219 and 204 h of fermentation, respectively, using 1.66 vvm as airflow and (C/D/C) agitation mode. Maximal enzyme production and total polyphenolic content were influenced by aeration, and higher values were obtained using 1.66 vvm as airflow rate, followed by 1.25 and 0.83 vvm, respectively. They were also influenced by agitation, and maximal values were obtained using C/D/C, followed by D/C/D and continuous agitation, respectively. The agitation modes influenced the production of ligninolytic enzymes and simultaneous extraction of polyphenols.
Notions of Healing and Transcendence in the Trajectory of African Traditional Religion: Paradigm and Strategies
Authors: Essien Essien D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the import of transcendence in illnesses and misfortunes as well as the place of healing in African traditional religion. The belief in medicine among Africans is the art of using available forces of nature to prevent disease and to restore and preserve health. It occupies a prominent position in the religious lives of African people. This article draws attention to the practice of several healing activities in African traditional religion in its attempts to restore health, exploring the indigenization of health care procedures and the role and function of God in African medicine and healing. This work shows that the concept of God is central in African religion and plays a prominent role in its healing ministry. The paper concludes with a suggestion about what could constitute a collective synergy for Western orthodox and African traditional medicine.
Keratin 7 expression in colorectal cancer – freak of nature or significant finding?
Authors: Harbaum Lars , Pollheimer Marion J , Kornprat Peter , Lindtner Richard A , Schlemmer Andrea , Rehak Peter , Langner Cord 
Published: October 2015

Harbaum L, Pollheimer M J, Kornprat P, Lindtner R A, Schlemmer A, Rehak P & Langner C  (2011) Histopathology59, 225–234Keratin 7 expression in colorectal cancer – freak of nature or significant finding?Aims:  To assess the prevalence of keratin 7 (K7) expression in colorectal cancer and to correlate findings with clinicopathological parameters and patients' outcome.Method and results:  A total of 370 patients were evaluated for K7 expression by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray technique. K7 expression was scored semiquantitatively as either focal (<10%), moderate (10–50%) or extensive (>50%). In all, 32 (9%) tumours were immunoreactive for K7, with five cases showing extensive, four moderate and 23 focal expression, respectively. K7 expression was associated with poor tumour differentiation (P = 0.005) and the extent of tumour budding (P = 0.02). In whole sections, K7 immunoreactivity prevailed in single cells and small clusters of cells at the invasion front. Analysis of serial sections showed that K7‐positive cells colocalized with keratin 20, whereas they lacked immunoreactivity for E‐cadherin, MUC2 and MIB‐1. Disease progression occurred in 52% of patients with K7‐positive tumours and 41% with K7‐negative tumours (P = 0.19); 48% of patients with K7‐positive tumours but only 33% with K7‐negative tumours died of disease (P = 0.06).Conclusions:  Aberrant expression of K7 in budding cancer cells represents a modification of the epithelial phenotype (‘epithelial–epithelial transition’: EET) which may be linked to gains in motility and invasive potential.