bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The TNM system (version 7) is the most accurate staging system for the prediction of loss of life expectancy in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Tanase Karina , Thies Elena‐Daphne , Mäder Uwe , Reiners Christoph , Verburg Frederik A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveMany prognostic systems have been developed for differentiated thyroid cancer. It is unclear which one of these performs ‘best’. Our aim was to compare staging systems applicable to our patient database to identify which best predicts DTC‐related loss of life expectancy and DTC‐specific mortality.DesignDatabase study of patients with DTC treated in our centre between 1978 (earliest available data) up to and including 1 July 2014. All were staged in accordance with the AMES, Clinical Class, Memorial Sloan Kettering, Ohio State University, TNM versions 5 and 6/7, University of Alabama, University of Münster and qTNM systems.PatientsA total of 2257 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.MeasurementsLoss of life expectancy expressed as relative survival and thyroid cancer‐specific mortality. Comparison was based on P values of univariate Cox regression analyses as well as analysis of the proportion of variance explained (PVE).ResultsMedian available follow‐up time was 7·2 years (range: 0–35·1 years). Three hundred and twenty‐seven patients died, 149 of whom died of DTC. Version 7 of the TNM system was best for predicting DTC‐related mortality (P = 7·1 × 10−52; PVE = 0·296), followed by TNM version 5 (P = 6·7 × 10−44; PVE = 0·255). For prediction of loss of life expectancy, version 7 of the TNM system was also best, closely followed by the Clinical Class system (P both < 2 × 10−16).ConclusionsThe UICC/AJCC TNM system version 7 outperforms other prognostic classification systems based on extent of disease at the start of treatment both for prediction of differentiated thyroid cancer‐related death and for prediction of loss life expectancy.
MicroRNA in intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Li Zheng , Yu Xin , Shen Jianxiong , Chan Matthew T.V. , Wu William Ka Kei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAetiology of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is complex, with genetic, developmental, biochemical and biomechanical factors contributing to the disease process. It is becoming obvious that epigenetic processes influence evolution of IDD as strongly as the genetic background. Deregulated phenotypes of nucleus pulposus cells, including differentiation, migration, proliferation and apoptosis, are involved in all stages of progression of human IDD. Non‐coding RNAs, including microRNAs, have recently been recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Research into roles of microRNAs in IDD has been very active over the past 5 years. Our review summarizes current research enlightenment towards understanding roles of microRNAs in regulating nucleus pulposus cell functions in IDD. These exciting findings support the notion that specific modulation of microRNAs may represent an attractive approach for management of IDD.
Analytic morphomics identifies predictors of new‐onset diabetes after liver transplantation
Authors: Vaughn Valerie M. , Cron David C. , Terjimanian Michael N. , Gala Zachary S. , Wang Stewart C. , Su Grace L. , Volk Michael L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmong liver transplant recipients, development of post‐transplant complications such as new‐onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is common and highly morbid. Current methods of predicting patient risk are inaccurate in the pre‐transplant period, making implementation of targeted therapies difficult. We sought to determine whether analytic morphomics (using computed tomography scans) could be used to predict the incidence of NODAT. We analyzed peri‐transplant scans from 216 patients with varying indications for liver transplantation, among whom 61 (28%) developed NODAT. Combinations of visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and psoas area were considered in addition to traditional risk factors. On multivariate analysis adjusting for usual risk factors such as type of immunosuppression, subcutaneous fat thickness remained significantly associated with NODAT (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.00–1.88, p = 0.047). Subgroup analysis showed that patients with later‐onset of NODAT had higher visceral fat, whereas subcutaneous fat thickness was more correlated with earlier‐onset of NODAT (using 10 months post‐transplant as the cut‐off).ConclusionAnalytic morphomics may be used to help assess NODAT risk in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
Long‐term follow‐up of biliary complications after adult right‐lobe living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kim Peter T.W. , Marquez Max , Jung James , Cavallucci David , Renner Eberhard L. , Cattral Mark , Greig Paul D. , McGilvray Ian D. , Selzner Markus , Ghanekar Anand , Grant David R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionLong‐term biliary complications after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) are not well described in the literature. This study was undertaken to determine the long‐term impact of biliary complications after adult right‐lobe LDLT.MethodsThis retrospective review analyzed an 11‐yr experience of 344 consecutive right‐lobe LDLTs with at least two yr of follow‐up.ResultsBiliary leaks occurred in 50 patients (14.5%), and strictures occurred in 67 patients (19.5%). Cumulative biliary complication rates at 1, 2, 5, and 10 yr were 29%, 32%, 36%, and 37%, respectively. Most early biliary leaks were treated with surgical drainage (N = 29, 62%). Most biliary strictures were treated first with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (42%). There was no association between biliary strictures and the number of ducts (hazard ratio [HR] 1.017 [0.65–1.592], p = 0.94), but freedom from biliary stricture was associated with a more recent era (2006–2010) (HR 0.457 [0.247–0.845], p = 0.01). Long‐term graft survival did not differ between those who had or did not have biliary complications (66% vs. 67% at 10 yr).ConclusionsBiliary strictures are common after LDLT but may decline with a center's experience. With careful follow‐up, they can be successfully treated, with excellent long‐term graft survival rates.
Pathways to change: Use trajectories following trauma‐informed treatment of women with co‐occurring post‐traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders
Authors: López‐Castro Teresa , Hu Mei‐Chen , Papini Santiago , Ruglass Lesia M. , Hien Denise A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDespite advances towards integration of care for women with co‐occurring substance use disorder (SUD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), low abstinence rates following SUD/PTSD treatment remain the norm. The utility of investigating distinct substance use trajectories is a critical innovation in the detection and refining of effective interventions for this clinical population.Design and MethodsThe present study reanalysed data from the largest randomised clinical trial to date for co‐occurring SUD and PTSD in women (National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network; Women and Trauma Study). Randomised participants (n = 353) received one of two interventions in addition to treatment as usual for SUD: (i) trauma‐informed integrative treatment for PTSD/SUD; or (ii) an active control psychoeducation course on women's health. The present study utilised latent growth mixture models (LGMM) with multiple groups to estimate women's substance use patterns during the 12‐month follow‐up period.ResultsFindings provided support for three different trajectories of substance use in the post‐treatment year: (i) consistently low likelihood and use frequency; (ii) consistently high likelihood and use frequency; and (iii) high likelihood and moderate use frequency. Covariate analyses revealed improvement in PTSD severity was associated with membership in a specific substance use trajectory, although receiving trauma‐informed treatment was not. Additionally, SUD severity, age and after‐care efforts were shown to be related to trajectory membership.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings highlight the necessity of accounting for heterogeneity in post‐treatment substance use, relevance of trauma‐informed care in SUD recovery and benefits of incorporating methodologies like LGMM when evaluating SUD treatment outcomes. [López‐Castro T, Hu M‐C, Papini S, Ruglass LM, Hien DA. Pathways to change: Use trajectories following trauma‐informed treatment of women with co‐occurring post‐traumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015]
Gender differences in access to methadone maintenance therapy in a Canadian setting
Authors: Bach Paxton , Milloy M‐J , Nguyen Paul , Koehn John , Guillemi Silvia , Kerr Thomas , Wood Evan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsMethadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is an evidence‐based treatment for opioid addiction. While gender differences in MMT pharmacokinetics, drug use patterns and clinical profiles have been previously described, few studies have compared rates of MMT use among community‐recruited samples of persons who inject drugs (PWID).Design and MethodsThe present study used prospective cohorts of PWID followed between May 1996 and May 2013 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. We investigated potential factors associated with time to methadone initiation using Cox proportional hazards modelling. Stratified analyses were used to examine for gender differences in rates of MMT enrolment.ResultsOverall, 1848 baseline methadone‐naïve PWID were included in the study, among whom 595 (32%) were female. In an adjusted model, male gender was independently associated with increased time to MMT initiation and an overall lower rate of enrolment [adjusted relative hazard = 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.85)]. Among both female and male PWID, Caucasian ethnicity and daily injection heroin use were associated with decreased time to methadone initiation, while in females, pregnancy was also associated with more rapid initiation.Discussion and ConclusionsThese data highlight gender differences in methadone use among a population of community‐recruited PWID. While factors associated with methadone use were similar between genders, rates of use were lower among male PWID, highlighting the need to consider gender when designing strategies to improve recruitment into MMT. [Bach P, Milloy M‐J, Nguyen P, Koehn J, Guillemi S, Kerr T, Wood E. Gender differences in access to methadone maintenance therapy in a Canadian setting. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:503–7]
Daily affect variability and context‐specific alcohol consumption
Authors: Mohr Cynthia D. , Arpin Sarah , McCabe Cameron T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsResearch explored the effects of variability in negative and positive affect on alcohol consumption, specifying daily fluctuation in affect as a critical form of emotion dysregulation. Using daily process methodology allows for a more objective calculation of affect variability relative to traditional self‐reports. The present study models within‐person negative and positive affect variabilities as predictors of context‐specific consumption (i.e. solitary vs. social drinking), controlling for mean levels of affect.Design and MethodsA community sample of moderate‐to‐heavy drinkers (n = 47; 49% women) from aUSmetropolitan area reported on affect and alcohol consumption thrice daily for 30 days via a handheld electronic interviewer. Within‐person affect variability was calculated using daily standard deviations in positive and negative affect.ResultsWithin person, greater negative and positive variabilities are related to greater daily solitary and social consumption. Across study days, mean levels of negative and positive affect variabilities related to greater social consumption between persons; yet, aggregated negative affect variability was related to less solitary consumption.Discussion and ConclusionsResults affirm affect variability as a unique predictor of alcohol consumption, independent of mean affect levels. Yet, it is important to differentiate social context of consumption, as well as type of affect variability, particularly at the between‐person level. These distinctions help clarify inconsistencies in the self‐medication literature regarding associations between average levels of affect and consumption. Importantly, consistent within‐person relationships for both variabilities support arguments that both negative and positive affect variabilities are detrimental and reflect an inability to regulate emotional experience.[Mohr CD, Arpin S, McCabe CT. Daily affect variability and context‐specific alcohol consumption.Drug Alcohol Rev2015;34:581–7]
Long‐term glycaemic response and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus a sulphonylurea as add‐on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes: 4‐year data
Authors: Del Prato S. , Nauck M. , Durán‐Garcia S. , Maffei L. , Rohwedder K. , Theuerkauf A. , Parikh S. 
Published: March 2015

AimsTo assess the long‐term efficacy and tolerability of dapagliflozin versus glipizide as add‐on to metformin in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe present study was an extension of an earlier randomized, double‐blind, phase III study of dapagliflozin (n = 406) vs glipizide (n = 408) to 208 weeks (4 years). Patients continued to receive their assigned medication. No statistical treatment‐group comparisons were calculated.ResultsAt 208 weeks, dapagliflozin compared with glipizide produced sustained reductions in glycated haemoglogin (HbA1c): −0.30% [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.51 to −0.09], in total body weight: −4.38 kg (95% CI −5.31 to −3.46) and in systolic blood pressure (SBP): −3.67 mmHg (95% CI −5.92 to −1.41). The HbA1c coefficient of failure was significantly lower for dapagliflozin than for glipizide: 0.19 (95% CI 0.12–0.25) versus 0.61 (95% CI 0.49–0.72, difference −0.42; p = 0.0001). Dapagliflozin was not associated with glomerular function deterioration, while this occurred more frequently in patients in the glipizide group. Fewer patients reported hypoglycaemia in the dapagliflozin compared with the glipizide group (5.4 vs 51.5%). Genital and urinary tract infections were more common with dapagliflozin than with glipizide, but their incidence decreased with time and all events responded well to antimicrobial treatment.ConclusionsIn patients completing 4 years of treatment, dapagliflozin was well tolerated and associated with sustained glycaemic efficacy and greater reductions in body weight and SBP versus glipizide.
The contribution of NF‐κB signalling to immune regulation and tolerance
Authors: van Delft Myrthe A. M. , Huitema Leonie F. A. , Tas Sander W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundImmune regulation is necessary to control inflammatory responses and to prevent autoimmune diseases. Therefore, mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance have evolved to ensure that T cells recognize antigens as self‐ or non‐self‐antigens. The thymus is crucially important for central tolerance induction to self‐antigens via negative selection of T cells. However, if T cells escape negative selection in the thymus and enter the periphery, peripheral mechanisms are active to warrant immune tolerance. Secondary lymphoid organs, as well as tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells, play an important role in peripheral tolerance. In chronic inflammatory diseases, tertiary lymphoid organs are sometimes formed that may also be involved in the induction of peripheral tolerance. This review discusses the main processes that are involved in immune regulation and tolerance, and focuses on the contribution of NF‐κB signalling to these processes.Material and methodsThis narrative review is based on peer‐reviewed publications listed on PubMed up to December 2014. The focus of our literature search was on studies investigating the role of (non)canonical NF‐κB signalling in central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance. Only studies published in English language were considered.ResultsThis review discusses the immune phenotype of mutant mice with defective (non)canonical NF‐κB signalling, corroborated with human data, and emphasizes the contribution of the noncanonical NF‐κB pathway to immune regulation and tolerance induction.ConclusionsNoncanonical NF‐κB signalling has an important immunoregulatory role in the immune system and contributes to both central and peripheral mechanisms of tolerance.
Steps Toward an Integration of Psychological and Visual Anthropology: Issues Raised in the Production of the Film SeriesAfflictions: Culture and Mental Illness in Indonesia
Authors: Lemelson Robert , Tucker Annie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAfflictions: Culture and Mental Illness in Indonesia, the first ethnographic documentary film series on mental illness in the developing world, examines the lives of people with neuropsychiatric disorders and mental illness on the islands of Bali and Java and considers the impact of personal experience, family, culture, and community on the course of their illness. This article reflects on issues that arose in production and explores the theoretical underpinnings of the films in order to highlight the rich potential of psychologically oriented ethnographic films and advocate for them as a genre. While ethnographic film provides an opportunity to explore the theories and methods of psychological anthropology, psychological anthropology's insights into the nature of subjectivity and emotion can help craft stirring and character‐driven ethnographic films. Psychologically oriented ethnographic films can inject new life into data presentation, illuminate the interpenetration between culture and mental health, and illustrate contemporary anthropology's relevance to current global issues. The article concludes by suggesting future directions for both research and filmmaking.
“No One Has to Be Your Friend”: Asperger's Syndrome and the Vicious Cycle of Social Disorder in Late Modern Identity Markets
Authors: Fein Elizabeth 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe past 40 years have seen a significant increase in diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by social impairments and restricted or repetitive behaviors. This increase has been particularly marked in the United States, where prevalence estimates have risen from 1 in 2,500 children in 1987 to 1 in 88 today (Baio and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ; Ritvo et al. ). I argue that changing social environments are one factor contributing to this increase by altering trajectories of social development, particularly among those with social‐cognitive vulnerabilities in the absence of comorbid intellectual impairment. In a sociocultural milieu in which friendships and other extra‐familial relationships are increasingly determined by individual choice, with affiliations formed around likeability and the negotiation of mutual positive affect, those who are slower to develop nonverbal awareness, perspective taking, and emotional self‐regulation are often excluded from the flow of social life. Such exclusion results in the rapid amplification of characteristics considered to be deviant, thus perpetuating worsening cycles of exclusion and atypical development.
dUTPase expression correlates with cell division potential in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Horváth András , Batki Júlia , Henn László , Lukacsovich Tamás , Róna Gergely , Erdélyi Miklós , Vértessy Beáta G. 
Published: March 2015

dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase) is a dNTP‐sanitizing enzyme that prevents the appearance of potentially harmful uracil bases in DNA by hydrolyzing cellular dUTP. This function of dUTPase is found to be essential in many organisms including Drosophila melanogaster. Previously, we showed that the expression pattern of dUTPase determines the extent of uracil accumulation in the genome of different tissues. We wished to find the regulatory mechanism that eventually leaves a set of tissues with a uracil‐free and intact genome. We found that the expression pattern established by the promoter of Drosophila dUTPase overlaps with mRNA and protein expression, excluding the involvement of other post‐transcriptional contributions. This promoter was found to be active in primordial tissues, such as in the imaginal discs of larvae, in the larval brain and in reproductive organs. In the case of brain and imaginal tissues, we observed that the promoter activity depends on a DNA replication‐related element motif, the docking site of DNA replication‐related element binding factor, which is known as a transcriptional activator of genes involved in replication and proliferation. These results suggest that dUTPase expression is fine‐tuned to meet the requirements of DNA synthesis in tissues where the maintenance of genome integrity is of high importance.
Temperature alone does not explain phenological variation of diverse temperate plants under experimental warming
Authors: Marchin Renée M. , Salk Carl F. , Hoffmann William A. , Dunn Robert R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change has altered temperate forest phenology, but how these trends will play out in the future is controversial. We measured the effect of experimental warming of 0.6–5.0 °C on the phenology of a diverse suite of 11 plant species in the deciduous forest understory (Duke Forest, North Carolina, USA) in a relatively warm year (2011) and a colder year (2013). Our primary goal was to dissect how temperature affects timing of spring budburst, flowering, and autumn leaf coloring for functional groups with different growth habits, phenological niches, and xylem anatomy. Warming advanced budburst of six deciduous woody species by 5–15 days and delayed leaf coloring by 18–21 days, resulting in an extension of the growing season by as much as 20–29 days. Spring temperature accumulation was strongly correlated with budburst date, but temperature alone cannot explain the diverse budburst responses observed among plant functional types. Ring‐porous trees showed a consistent temperature response pattern across years, suggesting these species are sensitive to photoperiod. Conversely, diffuse‐porous species responded differently between years, suggesting winter chilling may be more important in regulating budburst. Budburst of the ring‐porous Quercus alba responded nonlinearly to warming, suggesting evolutionary constraints may limit changes in phenology, and therefore productivity, in the future. Warming caused a divergence in flowering times among species in the forest community, resulting in a longer flowering season by 10‐16 days. Temperature was a good predictor of flowering for only four of the seven species studied here. Observations of interannual temperature variability overpredicted flowering responses in spring‐blooming species, relative to our warming experiment, and did not consistently predict even the direction of flowering shifts. Experiments that push temperatures beyond historic variation are indispensable for improving predictions of future changes in phenology.