bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental States in Chile and Brazil
Authors: Nem Singh Jewellord T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter serves as a way of framing the two case studies that follow, providing detailed analysis of the rise of the developmental state in Brazil and Chile using a historical institutionalist framework to consider how political conflicts drove elites towards consolidating an SOE-based growth strategy in major industries. The chapter traces the co-evolution of an activist state in the commodities sector and the necessity of creating a public enterprise to promote industrial development. The chapter likewise traces the early successes of Chile’s Codelco and Brazil’s Petrobras, which in turn enabled these companies to survive privatization and thrive during the heyday of neoliberal reform years.
Brazil’s Oil-Based Industrial Strategy, 1990–2018
Authors: Nem Singh Jewellord T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter draws from a historical institutionalist approach to examine the institutional continuity of state developmentalism in the Brazilian O&G industry. Brazil’s institutional pathway is based on strong state ownership forged through a combination of pragmatic market opening to foreign companies and a persistent logic of state developmentalism. In this governance model, Petrobras plays a pivotal role. The chapter explains why state ownership in the sector persisted throughout the 1990s and details the consolidation of a regulatory framework in the 2000s that set out a stable institutional arrangement for a shift from state developmentalism towards a more pragmatic model of novo desenvolvimentismo (new developmentalism) to accelerate Brazil’s efforts towards industrialization, with Petrobras as a key economic actor in developing the pre-salt reserves. The persistence of a state ownership model in the sector derives its legitimacy not only from delivering economic growth in a strategic sector, but also through Petrobras’s undeniable technological capability and market-conforming behaviour.
Leonine Achilles
Authors: Abad Del Vecchio Julene 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter offers a re-evaluation of Achilles’ heroic persona in the poem through the lens of leonine imagery. By drawing attention to his animalistic elements, the chapter explores the tragic issues of Achilles’ liminality between man, beast, and god. The lion comparandum is no longer envisioned as a traditional marker of heroism, but is deployed by Statius in a way that urges his readers to deconstruct the hero. These leonine features linked to Achilles’ diet also bring to mind monstrous figures of the literary tradition with excessive appetites, such as the Ovidian Polyphemus (Metamorphoses 14) and the Statian Tydeus (Thebaid 8), which highlight Achilles’ own liminality and draw attention to his bestial archetypes. Achilles’ choice of nourishment—raw meat—continues to complicate his traditional heroic outline. The chapter’s second section extends reflections on his staunch primitivism, as it is problematized by the troubling connections to omophagy. The chapter ends with an intertextual re-reading of understudied Bacchic junctures in the Achilleid that expose Achilles’ tragic and mortal destiny.
Transgression and Excess
Authors: Abad Del Vecchio Julene 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter continues to analyse Achilles’ emergent heroism in the Achilleid, and extends novel considerations of Achilles’ embryonic yet disquieting proclivities towards heroic immoderation. Its first half is devoted to the scrutiny of a tragic exemplum for Achilles’ portrayal, Hercules in Seneca’s Hercules Furens. The two heroes are linked via their Gigantomachic propensities, the embryonic presence of madness and cosmic danger, and their potential to overthrow their respective fathers. The Senecan intertext allows for the second half of the chapter to explore crucial issues of paternal/parental succession in the Achilleid. The absent figure of Achilles’ ‘almost-father’, Jupiter, is explored, and envisioned both as a sort of threatening character and an exemplum for Achilles. This analysis leads into an intertextual consideration of crucial issues of paternal and parental succession in the Achilleid, as well as important contemporary discourses of kinship, firmly established and intensified by the dialogue with Seneca’s tragedies.
Tradunt dolos patres
Authors: Abad Del Vecchio Julene 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores in detail the figure of Ulysses in the poem. It challenges the accepted scholarly premise that Ulysses is a positive father-figure for Achilles. In the first half of the chapter, novel parallels between Ulysses in the Achilleid and Odysseus in Sophocles’ Philoctetes are presented. In identifying Sophocles’ Philoctetes as key intertext for Statius, Ulysses’ manipulation is put on view, as well as the more ominous, recruiting element of the Greeks’ mission on Scyros. The second half of the chapter looks to build on the seriousness and dangerousness of the figure of Ulysses in Statius, and it thus analyses the pervasive associations of Ulysses with violence in a number of similes in the narrative. The chapter then moves on to an arresting and gender-bending equivalence of Ulysses as a metapoetic force of furor, akin to well-known Furies in the literary tradition, offering novel reflections on gender and poetic authority in the poem.
Vatic Authority and Poetics
Authors: Abad Del Vecchio Julene 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines in more depth the question of poetic authority in the Achilleid. The figure of Calchas as the authorial vates of the composition is under scrutiny, and Thetis’ agency is envisioned as adversarial to Calchas. Important questions about the relationship between prophetic status and the status of the poet himself, between violation and violence, between perpetrator and victim, will be considered. Through the examination of the gender-bending elements to Calchas’ characterization, the chapter pays heed to the idea that the Achilleid is characterizable as a feminine composition, and Thetis as its diva. Thetis is therefore interpreted in a new light, a figure of tragic inspiration but also as the artifex behind the poem’s composition, and thus linked to Statius the poet. The chapter ends with an analysis of Thetis against other lamenting mothers in the literary tradition.
Surveillance Powers
Authors: McNall Christopher , Green Laura Sheldon , Stone Caroline , McCaffrey Eugene , Ward Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 considers the legal powers available to the intelligence agencies for national security purposes. It contains an overview of the extensive legal regime relating to the law of surveillance. The chapter contains an analysis of the legal regime contained in the three principal statutes: the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (ISA 1994), the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA 2000) and the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (IPA 2016). In the RIPA regime, the authors consider, in particular, directed surveillance authorisations; intrusive surveillance warrants; and covert human intelligence source (CHIS) authorisations, including criminal conduct authorisations relating to CHIS participation in crime. In the ISA regime, the authors examine the difficult legal issues arising from the exercise of ‘targeted’ and ‘bulk’ powers. The former are powers which may be used to obtain information about particular individuals. The latter permit the obtaining of large volumes of data, which can then be ‘mined’ or examined for information relating to individuals or matters or concern. Particular consideration is given to the numerous recent legal challenges to the exercise of bulk powers. The chapter also examines the statutory bar on the use of intercept material in evidence. Chapter 4 then considers the ‘Wilson doctrine’ concerning the interception of the communications of Parliamentarians. The authors review the scope and development of the principle and current understanding around its use. The chapter concludes with a detailed review of issues arising from the obtaining through surveillance of legally privileged information.
Executive Measures and Civil Proceedings
Authors: Davidson Rosemary , Glasson Jonathan , Stone Caroline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 7 opens Part II of the book. The second section of the book deals with the use of executive measures in the national security field (e.g. in response to suspected involvement in terrorism) and related civil litigation, either in direct response to the imposition of an executive measure or in response to alleged misconduct by the intelligence agencies in the course of intelligence-gathering. It begins with Chapter 7, which addresses common evidential and procedural issues that may arise across the range of such proceedings. The chapter begins with an examination of the approach the courts have taken, in principle, to the assessment of future risk, before dealing with the approach to allegations that evidence is torture-tainted and the ‘reverse Closed’ procedure. The authors next deal with reliance on material from criminal investigations and proceedings, both domestic and foreign, including where the proceedings have resulted in an acquittal, followed by third-party legal professional privilege. The chapter continues with sections on res judicata in national security proceedings and abuse of process, before examining the approach to anonymity and reporting restrictions. Finally, the chapter concludes by examining issues concerning civil legal aid and costs in Closed proceedings.
Terrorism
Authors: Morgan Alison , Oakes Victoria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 18 begins Part IV of the book, dealing with national security and criminal law. Chapter 18 deals, in particular, with the offences relating to involvement in terrorist activity. It begins with an introductory discussion of the two main means of prosecuting criminal activity in this field: either through specific terrorism-related offences or through ‘general’ offences relevant to the criminal conduct in question, for example, murder. It considers the definition of ‘terrorism’ in the Terrorism Act 2000 before examining in detail the various offences under that Act and the Terrorism Act 2006. Particular issues concerning evidence are then reviewed, such as the role of experts, the problems of ‘battlefield’ evidence, mindset evidence, and the defence available for victims of trafficking or slavery. Consent to prosecute and issues of extraterritoriality are considered before looking at sentencing and release provisions.
Inquests and National Security
Authors: O’Connor Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 22 is one of two chapters in Part V of the book, dealing with national security inquests and inquiries. Chapter 22 deals with inquests in the national security field. The author begins with a historical overview of the existence and function of inquests in England and Wales. He considers the role and function of inquests in general before considering the numerous inquests in recent years which have touched on issues concerning national security and the variety of ways in which such issues may arise. The author then focuses on the absence of a power to conduct a Closed material procedure (‘CMP’) in inquests. He examines general principles of disclosure, as well as practical issues to which the national security context gives rise. The author explains the scope for claiming public interest immunity before discussing practical issues at the hearing for witnesses from the security and intelligence agencies. Finally, he considers the scope for converting an inquest into a public inquiry.
Politicians as Blame-Seekers
Authors: Flinders Matthew , Hinterleitner Markus , Weaver R. Kent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter identifies a distinctive politics of blame-seeking by politicians in advanced democracies. In doing so, it challenges one of the most fundamental assumptions of political science by questioning the ‘blame-is-bad’ thesis. Although this thesis has formed a dominant ‘self-evident truth’ within the discipline for at least thirty years and has stimulated a vast literature on the ‘blame-avoidance behaviour’ of politicians, we suggest that recent events highlight the existence of ‘blame-seeking behaviour’. We propose, contrary to conventional understandings, a new ‘blame-is-good’ thesis which serves to shed light on circumstances in which ‘bad manners’, taking policy positions far from those of median voters, and violating social, political, and constitutional norms might provide a recipe for electoral success by office-seeking politicians. The chapter outlines a political logic of blame-seeking, as well as a distinctive set of blame-seeking strategies for politicians and conditions that are likely to both increase the prevalence of blame-seeking behaviour by politicians and improve its probability of electoral success. A focus on blame-seeking, we suggest, expands our understanding of what politicians say and do to achieve their goals in political contexts characterized by democratic disaffection and a populist zeitgeist.
Caught in the Middle?
Authors: Shaw Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Most accounts of blame games focus on ministers and civil servants. However, the advent of ministerial advisors means that there is now a new player in the game. This chapter theorizes this institutional innovation by (a) positioning ministerial advisors as institutional ‘translators’ between blame-makers and blame-takers; (b) connecting advisors’ roles to three major blame- avoidance strategies (presentational, policy, and agency); and (c) assessing the impact of advisors’ role on three characteristics of good governance (sharpening policy debate, focusing accountability, and enhancing transparency). The core contention is that in the contemporary executive ménage à trois, the dynamics and outcomes of attempts to either claim credit or avoid blame cannot fully be understood without recourse to the agency of ministerial advisors.
Governmental Blame Avoidance in the European Union
Authors: Hinterleitner Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The governments of European member states are increasingly under pressure when they adopt and articulate their policy positions on European issues. This chapter contributes to our understanding of governments’ strategic behaviour in a politicized European Union (EU) under stress by adapting the concept of blame avoidance to the accountability context of the EU. The chapter categorizes, describes, and illustrates the considerable variety of blame-avoidance strategies that member state governments can apply in order to avoid reputational damage for policy positions that comply with supra-national constraints but are unpopular with voters. The chapter also provides a basis for future research that would be able to establish the extent and consequences of governmental blame avoidance across European member states. Progress in this research programme promises a better understanding of how member state governments nurture democratic disaffection and EU scepticism among European citizens.
Escape Blame or Make Friends?
Authors: Brown Ruairidh J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between blame avoidance and international friendships. It does so with particular focus on China’s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case is especially intriguing as China sought to use the pandemic as an opportunity to ‘win friends’ while also attempting to escape blame for its origins, at times even simultaneously befriending and shifting blame to the same country. The chapter contends that China sought to achieve these ends through a novel post-truth blame-avoidance strategy, a strategy which sought to undermine objective ‘truths’ of the pandemic and parcel out potential locations for its origins as widely as possible. Through exploring the relationship between international friendships and blame avoidance, the chapter further opens dialogue between the blame studies and international relations literature.
Globalization: Perak's Rise, Relative Decline, and Regeneration
Authors: Shah Sultan Nazrin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Written by Sultan Nazrin Shah—the author of the highly acclaimed works Charting the Economyand Striving for Inclusive Development—this book is a pioneering study of the many economic and social changes of the natural resource-rich Malaysian state of Perak over the last two centuries. When globalization first took hold and international trade networks broadened and deepened in the first half of the 19th century, and a new capitalist world order emerged in the second, Perak was a key player. Its tin was in high demand in Western industrializing countries, and foreign capital, labour, and technology propelled it forward. By 1900, Perak accounted for almost half of Malaya’s tin output and a staggering quarter of world output, with its prosperity making it the Malay peninsula’s commercial hub. Likewise, during the global rubber boom that began in the early 20th century as cars were mass-produced for the first time, Perak was the largest rubber-producing state in the peninsula. This book ties together various sub-themes: economic geography, the institutional legacy of colonialism, increasing federal government centralization, forces of economic agglomeration and human migration, which drove Perak’s fortunes in sometimes dramatic economic cycles and ultimately led to the collapse of its tin and rubber industries and the migration of many of its young and skilled. Analysing Perak’s characteristics, and extrapolating lessons from formerly wealthy industrial centres originally blessed with natural resources but subsequently left behind by new waves of globalization, such as Cornwall and Sheffield in the United Kingdom, and Pittsburgh and Scranton in the United States, the book concludes looking forward. With a New VisionPerak can regenerate itself and once again emerge triumphant against a tough global background, Covid-19, war, and deglobalization.
Utopias as Borderlands: Reconceptualizing Post-pandemic Future(s)
Authors: Hovorka Dirk S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pandemic-induced disruption of 2020 has had significant implications for reorganizing work and everyday life. The rapid digitalization of many activities provided a striking natural experiment whose future effect will only slowly be understood. One research challenge is to identify and conceptualize new organizing practices which are not visible through our current research apparatus which was created within, and for, a different world. To address this challenge, Utopias, as a speculative engagement with future conditions, are offered as an opportunity to reconceptualize organizing practices in an increasingly digital future. Reading the conceptual language of recent research as a utopia reveals that our current research apparatus reconstructs new phenomenon through existing concepts, logics, relationships, and power structures thus rendering the unprecedented as unsurprising and mundane. The function of a utopian geography is to highlight the concepts and relationships with which we think as we move forward in researching and stabilizing the new practices we are observing. As we navigate the borderland between organizational practices of the past and a yet unrealized and unknown stability of future practices, conceptualizing the future in its own terms is essential to accounts for new and emergent phenomenon.
Processual Shadows
Authors: Pentland Brian T. , Wolf Julie Ryan , Xie Yunna , Kim Inkyu , Frank Kenneth , Pentland Alice 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In many ways, time-stamped digital trace data seem like an ideal resource for research on routine dynamics and other processual phenomena. In other ways, digital traces seem more like shadows of action than direct images of action. We can see that something happened, but it is difficult to say exactly what. This chapter uses data from four dermatology clinics at the University of Rochester Medical Center to examine the strengths and weaknesses of trace data. These data include over 57,000 patient visits. The data allow us to detect changes in routines that went unnoticed by the clinical staff, but do not allow us to estimate basic features of the patient visit, such as waiting time in the examination room. The chapter compares our analysis to Barley’s (1986) classic diachronic analysis of CT scanners in radiology departments. The comparison is instructive since Barley (1986) also used longitudinal data to examine changing work processes in medical clinics, but with ethnographic data rather than digital trace data. The comparison helps clarify some of the advantages, disadvantages, and trade-offs involved in using digital trace data for diachronic processual analysis.
How States Evolve
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the dynamics of change in states. States exemplify the challenges of complexity. The interactions, alliances, and disputes between politicians and civil servants, between one ministry and another, or between different tiers of government, and how each of them in turn responds to citizen demand and other external pressures provide the political landscape upon which decisions are made. The chapter argues that effective activists learn to ‘dance with the system’: understanding how the state in question evolved, how its decisions are made, how formal and informal power is distributed within it, and how that distribution shifts over time are essential tasks for any activist intent on making change happen. Since the first edition, the rise of populism poses new challenges to activists in many countries, where they often find themselves defending the institutions of the state from political attack, as well as seeking to influence them.
Accountability, Political Parties, and the Media
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses political parties and the media as two crucial institutions that provide avenues for accountability, as well as the burgeoning field of ‘social accountability’, in both elected and unelected regimes. Despite recent setbacks to democratic accountability in many countries, political party systems are both an opportunity and a threat for activists and their organizations. Parties can be long-term institutional homes for policies and ideas. The media route is another method of ensuring accountability, as the media can echo, amplify, or substitute for citizens’ voices. Lastly, the social accountability route is a more recent phenomenon, driven both by new technology and the need for solutions when states are weak or unresponsive. This particular route attempts to promote accountability by approaching authorities directly, instead of relying on intermediaries, such as political parties or bureaucracies. All three routes provide valuable channels for activists to hold those in power to account for their decisions, provided they invest in understanding and building relationships with the players.
Leaders and Leadership
Authors: Green Duncan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter turns to the role of leaders and leadership in driving change. Though these roles are often downplayed or outright neglected in academia, the chapter argues that leadership is central to any understanding of how change happens. ‘Leaders’ in this case are not limited to politicians only—the chapter also examines leadership from below—that which emerges from citizens’ movements, voluntary associations, trade unions, and faith organizations, in every walk of life. Leadership comes in many forms, but feminist leadership is perhaps most compatible with the arguments about power and systems set out in this book. Leaders operate at the interface between structure and agency, striving to leave their mark on the institutions, cultures, and traditions in which they live and work. Activists need to understand where leadership comes from and how to best identify, support, and work with progressive leaders.