bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phyllotreta striolataflea beetles use host plant defense compounds to create their own glucosinolate-myrosinase system
Authors: Beran Franziska , Pauchet Yannick , Kunert Grit , Reichelt Michael , Wielsch Natalie , Vogel Heiko , Reinecke Andreas , Svatoš Aleš , Mewis Inga , Schmid Daniela , Ramasamy Srinivasan , Ulrichs Christian , Hansson Bill S. , Gershenzon Jonathan , Heckel David G. 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceAssociations of plants and herbivores are regarded as the result of coevolution, which has produced an astonishing diversity of plant defenses and corresponding insect counteradaptations. We focus on the leaf beetlePhyllotreta striolata, which is adapted to the glucosinolate-myrosinase system present in its cruciferous host plants. We show thatP. striolataadults not only selectively sequester intact glucosinolates from their host plants but also express their own myrosinase, a member of the β-glucosidase family capable of hydrolyzing glucosinolates to form toxic degradation products. Our results reveal the convergent evolution of a glucosinolate-myrosinase system inP. striolatathat enables this herbivore to use glucosinolate hydrolysis products for its own purposes.
Voluntary activation of the sympathetic nervous system and attenuation of the innate immune response in humans
Authors: Kox Matthijs , van Eijk Lucas T. , Zwaag Jelle , van den Wildenberg Joanne , Sweep Fred C. G. J. , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Pickkers Peter 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceHitherto, both the autonomic nervous system and innate immune system were regarded as systems that cannot be voluntarily influenced. The present study demonstrates that, through practicing techniques learned in a short-term training program, the sympathetic nervous system and immune system can indeed be voluntarily influenced. Healthy volunteers practicing the learned techniques exhibited profound increases in the release of epinephrine, which in turn led to increased production of anti-inflammatory mediators and subsequent dampening of the proinflammatory cytokine response elicited by intravenous administration of bacterial endotoxin. This study could have important implications for the treatment of a variety of conditions associated with excessive or persistent inflammation, especially autoimmune diseases in which therapies that antagonize proinflammatory cytokines have shown great benefit.
Two glycosylase families diffusively scan DNA using a wedge residue to probe for and identify oxidatively damaged bases
Authors: Nelson Shane R. , Dunn Andrew R. , Kathe Scott D. , Warshaw David M. , Wallace Susan S. 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Base excision repair, an evolutionarily conserved process responsible for the repair of most endogenous damage, is initiated by DNA glycosylases. Observation of the motion of single molecules of three bacterial glycosylases in two structural families, Fpg, Nei, and Nth, together with mutational analysis, has demonstrated that both families use a wedge residue to scan DNA for damage. Glycosylases pause during diffusion to interrogate bases and upon encountering a damage stop to evert and excise it. Moreover, we have derived a simple chemomechanical simulation that fits our data and is in agreement with ensemble studies.
A fast algorithm for reversion of power series
Authors: Johansson Fredrik 
Published: May 2014

We give an algorithm for reversion of formal power series, based on an efficient way to implement the Lagrange inversion formula. Our algorithm requires

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operations where

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are the costs of polynomial and matrix multiplication, respectively. This matches the asymptotic complexity of an algorithm of Brent and Kung, but we achieve a constant factor speedup whose magnitude depends on the polynomial and matrix multiplication algorithms used. Benchmarks confirm that the algorithm performs well in practice.
Flexible strategic framework for managing innovation from perspective of continuity and change
Authors: Gupta Vijay , Gupta Bindu 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This research study identifies the factors influencing innovation and technology management in Indian manufacturing small- and medium -sized enterprises (SMEs) with a focus on the auto-ancillary sector. The study further investigates the impact of types of innovation on business performance. The purpose of this paper is to come up with a flexible strategic framework for managing innovation and technology in SMEs from a perspective of continuity and change.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data on which this study is based were generated through secondary research using published sources and primary research. The study was done through group discussions with industry experts and personally focused interviews with 88 entrepreneurs from SMEs selected using a structured questionnaire.

Findings
– The study shows SMEs pursuing more types of innovations display higher performance levels when compared to those pursuing fewer types of innovations. SMEs pursuing more types of innovations are significantly different from less innovating firms from the perspective of underlying change forces.

Originality/value
– This research paper represents one of the few efforts to study innovation and technology management in SMEs and come up with a flexible strategic framework for managing forces of continuity and change for guiding this sector for long-term survival and growth. The flexible framework suggested, and the continuity and change matrix (C-C matrix), can be of interest to researchers and practising managers to validate the applicability for other sectors. The framework suggested can be adapted for application in a global context.
A long life after exploitation and exploration
Authors: Piao Ming 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the longevity implications of exploitation and exploration. It examines the main effect of exploitation, the main effect of exploration, and the interaction effect of exploitation and exploration on organizational longevity.Design/methodology/approach– This study employs Cox Proportional Hazard Model in analyzing 20-year data from the hard disk drive industry.Findings– Exploitation, independent of exploration, has a positive impact on organizational longevity. Exploration, independent of exploitation, has a curvilinear impact on organizational longevity. Jointly, exploitation weakens the curvilinear relationship between exploration and organizational longevity.Research limitations/implications– This study challenges the dualistic view that exploitation is for “current viability” and exploration is for “future viability.” It suggests that firms need to actively engage in (instead of compromise) both exploitation and exploration in order to prolong their lifespan despite the counter force triggered by the negative dynamics between exploitation and exploration.Practical implications– In order to prolong organizational longevity, firms need to fully engage in (but not compromise) their existing product-market domains, actively explore (but not over-explore) their new product-market domain, and to embrace (but not avoid) the tension between exploitation and exploration.Originality/value– This study is one of the few that systematically and empirically examined the longevity implications of exploitation and exploration. It adds specificity and precision to the understanding of how exploitation and exploration, independently and jointly, affect organizational longevity.
HHT-based classification of composite power quality events
Authors: Saxena D. , Singh S.N. , Verma K.S. , K. Singh Shiv 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– An electrical power system is expected to deliver undistorted sinusoidal, rated voltage and current continuously to the end-users. The problem of power quality (PQ) occurs when there is (are) deviation(s) in voltage and/or current which cause(s) failure or mal-operation of the customer's equipments. Various methods are suggested to detect and classify single PQ event in a power system, the performance of such methods to classify composite PQ events is limited. The purpose of this paper is the classification of composite PQ events in emerging power systems.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper proposes an effective method to classify composite PQ events using Hilbert Huang transform (HHT). The performance of probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier and support vector machine (SVM) classifier to efficiently classify composite PQ events is compared.

Findings
– The features extracted from HHT are simple yet effective. SVMs and PNN classifiers are used for PQ classification. It is found that PNN classifier outperforms SVM with the classification accuracy of 100 percent.

Originality/value
– Different PQ signals used for analysis are generated by simulating a practical distribution system of an Indian academic institution.
Human behaviour in household energy use and the implications of energy efficiency delivery
Authors: Udale Hussaini Ibrahim , Hanita Abdul Majid Noor 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Although the term “energy efficiency” is technologically focused, it has a behavioural content due to the associated energy conservation practice involved. The technology aspect applies essentially to the application of new or better technology in order to derive same output or level of service for less input energy, while the conservation aspect is attributed to behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– In an attempt to expound on this understanding, a social survey of some households in Bauchi town, Nigeria was undertaken so as to seek ways of improving the energy use situation of the country. The principal objective is to determine the influence of human behaviour in energy efficiency delivery in the households.

Findings
– The result reveals a much low level of energy efficiency practice by the occupants due largely to lack of awareness and requisite knowledge on the phenomenon of energy efficiency.

Originality/value
– Finally, the study highlights on the implications of good energy efficiency practice in household energy use as derived from the present as well as past studies in a bid to attain energy sufficiency.
Human capital or signalling, unpacking the graduate premium
Authors: Pericles Rospigliosi Asher , Greener Sue , Bourner Tom , Sheehan Maura 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
–The purpose of this paper is to revisit the debate on the contribution of higher education (HE) to the economy which has been dominated by human capital theory and signalling theory. Human capital theory contends that HE contributes by adding to the potential productivity of graduate employees. Signalling theory, asserts that HE contributes by enabling employers to differentiate potentially productive graduate employees.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses recent advances in our understanding of the graduate employability to reassess the two theories. Most graduate job vacancies are open to graduates of any subject and the key to employment in such jobs appears to be the graduate propensity to learn in employment.

Findings
– HE both increases students’ propensity to learn in employment and signals to employers that graduates are people with a high propensity to learn in employment.

Practical implications
– The conclusion is that for the four key stakeholder groups, the economic value of a university education can best be explained with the concept of “graduate propensity to learn”.

Social implications
– Employers, government, existing students and potential students and universities benefit from the propensity to learn, which is the most important economic outcome of a university education.

Originality/value
– The paper resolves the choice between human capital and signalling theories as a false dichotomy as HE both develops students’ powers.
Labor market performance of dropouts: the role of personality
Authors: Viinikainen Jutta , Kokko Katja , Pulkkinen Lea , Pehkonen Jaakko 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on labor market careers of dropouts with various levels of education.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper compares the labor market careers of dropouts and non-dropouts between ages 15 and 50 by using longitudinal data. The paper analyses how the results change when the authors control for differences in personality characteristics.

Findings
– The paper finds that dropping out diminishes one's success in the labor market but this connection is reduced when the model is augmented with personality. Dropouts seem to have or lack certain personality characteristics that are associated with labor market success. These findings suggest that dropping out is either an adverse signal of non-cognitive skills and, thus, work performance and productivity, or personality characteristics are related to preferences toward career and work orientation, or both.

Originality/value
– The paper analyses how the impact of dropping out on labor market outcomes changes when differences in personality characteristics are taken into account. The broad definition enables us to investigate how dropping out in general is related to labor market success.
Global leadership development, strategic alignment and CEOs commitment
Authors: Canals Jordi 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– Global corporate strategy has moved faster than global leadership development in many companies. This outcome has created some leadership problems: global companies may not have enough leaders in their growth markets or leaders with the required global competencies in their headquarters. The purpose of this paper is to offer some concepts that may help companies tackle those problems.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper has a conceptual basis. It draws on previous theoretical knowledge on global leadership development and the experience of some leadership programs in global companies.

Findings
– The first is that global leadership competencies should be based on the functions that global leaders need to perform and their specific context, not on some theoretical notions isolated from the business context. The second is the need for alignment of global leadership development with the firm's purpose and strategy. The third is that CEOs’ commitment is a key factor in making global leadership initiatives successful.

Research limitations/implications
– This is a conceptual paper based on business experience. It needs to be complemented with additional empirical work.

Practical implications
– Global leadership development should be based on real global business functions. Global leadership development should be aligned with the firm's purpose and strategy and its success depends on CEOs’ commitment.

Originality/value
– The study of global capabilities needs to observe what happens in companies that have global leadership programs. Global leadership development takes place in specific organizations. This paper gets theory closer to the practice of global leadership development.
The tax man cometh
Authors: Kay Guess Aundrea , Conn Carolyn 
Published: May 2014

Synopsis
For four years, Valerie Thorpe was Director of Accounting for Taurus Construction. She was fired by the company's owner, Vic Bullard, when she refused to falsify accounting entries. Bullard's directive would have lowered profits, thereby deceiving his business partner and committing tax evasion. Until her firing late in the spring of 2011, Valerie had a few concerns about Bullard's lack of ethics in his business dealings. However, she has not questioned him previously because of her own emotional condition after the unexpected death of her husband. During the spring 2011 semester in graduate school, Valerie was inspired when her classmates recounted their own experiences of resigning from jobs because of unethical managers and owners. Valerie had thought of resigning from Taurus; but, Bullard fired her first. Six months after her firing, Valerie is seriously contemplating whether she should report Bullard's tax evasion to the Internal Revenue Service.

Research methodology
Field Based Research. Interviews with the case protagonist.

Relevant courses and levels
The case is suitable for graduate and undergraduate courses in business ethics, accounting ethics, entrepreneurship, income tax accounting and an undergraduate auditing class.

Theoretical basis
This is a real-life case applying ethical frameworks coverage of which can be challenging as students perceive those theories and frameworks as “dry.”
Bacterial diversity and composition during rain events with and without Saharan dust influence reaching a high mountain lake in the Alps
Authors: Peter Hannes , Hörtnagl Paul , Reche Isabel , Sommaruga Ruben 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe diversity of airborne microorganisms that potentially reach aquatic ecosystems during rain events is poorly explored. Here, we used a culture‐independent approach to characterize bacterial assemblages during rain events with and without Saharan dust influence arriving to a high mountain lake in the Austrian Alps. Bacterial assemblage composition differed significantly between samples with and without Saharan dust influence. Although alpha diversity indices were within the same range in both sample categories, rain events with Atlantic or continental origins were dominated by Betaproteobacteria, whereas those with Saharan dust intrusions were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria. The high diversity and evenness observed in all samples suggests that different sources of bacteria contributed to the airborne assemblage collected at the lake shore. During experiments with bacterial assemblages collected during rain events with Saharan dust influence, cell numbers rapidly increased in sterile lake water from initially ∼3 × 103 cell ml−1 to 3.6–11.1 × 105 cells ml−1 within 4–5 days, and initially, rare taxa dominated at the end of the experiment. Our study documents the dispersal of viable bacteria associated to Saharan dust intrusions travelling northwards as far as 47° latitude.
Systemic treatment of HER2+ metastatic breast cancer: Clinical conundrums and future perspectives
Authors: De Boer Richard , Beith Jane , Chirgwin Jacquie , Chua Sue , Colosimo Maree , Francis Prudence , Green Michael , Pittman Ken , White Michelle , Wilcken Nicholas , Zdenkowski Nicholas , Bell Richard 
Published: May 2014

AbstractImprovements in the treatment of metastatic HER2‐positive breast cancer constitute one of the great advances in breast cancer medicine of the last generation. From being a highly aggressive fatal condition, the use of anti‐HER2‐targeted therapies, in particular trastuzumab, has led to significant improvements in disease outcomes. There are reports of increasing numbers of patients alive and well more than 5 years from diagnosis of metastatic disease.Nevertheless, there remain many complex and clinically difficult scenarios where there is little in the way of randomized evidence or published guidelines to guide decision making.As a companion piece to our review of HER2‐targeted therapies in the metastatic setting, we decided to focus on a series of clinical scenarios that fell outside of the standard trial‐based settings and where opinions and guidance from experienced clinicians and experts in the field would be considered useful to help develop safe and effective treatment strategies. The following eight cases were put forward by our panel of experts, voted on by their peers to select the most relevant and interesting cases, and the discussions worked on by teams of two followed by review and commentary by another team of two.
Living in transition – experiences of health and well‐being and the needs of adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Björquist E. , Nordmark E. , Hallström I. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundTransition to adulthood for adolescents in general is a multifaceted process, and for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) it also involves transition from child‐ to adult‐oriented support. CP entails a variety and combination of disabilities, which in association with external factors may make the transition to adult health services difficult. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of how adolescents with CP experience their own health, well‐being and need of support during their transition to adulthood.MethodsAn inductive qualitative approach was used based on interviews with 12 adolescents with CP aged 17–18 years and living in Sweden. Manifest and latent content analysis was used for the analysis of data.ResultsThe results are described in the main theme ‘Living in transition and looking forward to being an adult, but not feeling ready yet and being in need of further support’. Five subthemes highlight the adolescents' experiences of belonging to a family, of the importance of friends and love, of managing daily activities, being surrounded by support and having hopes for the future.ConclusionsInterviews with adolescents with CP provide valuable information for the planning of transition programmes and for the support of adolescents with disabilities who are in the transition to adult living. According to the adolescents in this study, the support should be flexible and not be fixed to biological age. Personal, individualized information and support was desired by the adolescents in order to be able to manage their own transition. One option to facilitate transition is the stepping‐stone of being close to parents or staff members during the first phase, after leaving the parental home.
Emerging role of leptin in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tian G , Liang J-N , Wang Z-Y , Zhou D 
Published: May 2014

SummaryNumerous studies have suggested the importance of leptin against autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS) and psoriasis. To summarize our current understanding of the role of leptin in inflammatory responses and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a systematic review was conducted to assess the discrepancy of leptin in RA and its effect on immunity according to different studies. Recently, emerging data have indicated that leptin is involved in the pathological function of RA, which is common in autoimmune disorders. This review discusses the possible consequences of leptin levels in RA. Blocking the key signal pathways of leptin and inhibiting the leptin activity-like leptin antagonist may be a promising way for potential therapeutic treatment of RA at risk of detrimental effects. However, leptin was increased in patients with RA and may also regulate joint damage. Thus, more understanding of the mechanism of leptin in RA would be advantageous in the future.