bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the P status of surface and deep horizons of agricultural soils under various cropping systems and for different soil types: a case study in Belgium
Authors: Renneson M. , Dufey J. , Legrain X. , Genot V. , Bock L. , Colinet G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractApplication of phosphorus (P) fertilizers to agricultural soils should be based on sound knowledge about soil P reserves, availability and lability to optimize conditions for plant uptake while limiting P transport to surface waters. This study investigated relationships between parent material (PM), land use and P fractions in agricultural soils at a regional scale. Surface and deep (100–120 cm) soil samples were collected from 120 agricultural sites (240 total samples) and analysed for three P forms (inorganic, organic and available) as well as for additional key properties. Land uses within the study area were continuous cropland, permanent pasture and temporary grassland. The area covered the 12 most common parent types in Wallonia. Mean total P contents were 904 and 401 mg/kg in surface and deep samples, respectively, with a 33% coefficient of variation for both horizons. The organic P fraction represented, on average, 30% of total P, while available P corresponded to 9% of total P. The influence of PM was apparent in both the surface and deep soil samples, while land use influenced only surface properties. The pattern in total P content relative to land use was pasture ≥ cropland ≥ temporary grassland. Correlation analyses highlighted significant relationships between edaphic parameters viz Alox, Feox, CEC, TOC, pH and P content, the main soil parameter being Alox which determines P sorption capacity. An enrichment factor was used to distinguish between geogenic sources and human activities in terms of topsoil P content.
A phosphorus index for use in intensive irrigated areas
Authors: Dechmi F. , Isidoro D. , Stambouli T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn irrigated semi‐arid areas, nutrient pollution from agriculture from irrigation return flows is one of the most important surface water quality problems and can lead to eutrophication. In this study, a new phosphorus index called IPreg has been adapted as a management tool for application to irrigated farming systems and then applied within ‘Las Filadas’ drainage basin (Spain) at a plot scale. Two new transport factors related to the irrigation management system were introduced: (i) the seasonal irrigation performance index and (ii) the efficiency of the mean irrigation dose that represents average water losses below the root zone when an average irrigation dose is applied. IPreg includes 10 factors, three of which account for P availability in the soil and seven for P transport processes. The results indicate that 18% of the study area had a high to very high risk of phosphorus loss and 60% at medium risk. Corn and alfalfa had the highest IPreg values under intense irrigation and high fertilizer application rates. IPreg was also higher in phosphorus‐rich soils and in plots treated with organic manure, especially pig slurry.
Estimation of Joint Incongruence in Dysplastic Canine Elbows Before and After Dynamic Proximal Ulnar Osteotomy
Authors: Böttcher Peter , Bräuer Sabine , Werner Hinnerk 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize joint incongruence in dysplastic canine elbows before and after dynamic proximal ulnar osteotomy (DPUO).Study DesignClinical, prospective study.AnimalsDogs (n = 10; 12 elbows) with ≥2 mm radioulnar incongruence (RUI), FCP, and/or OCD.MethodsComputed tomography in a nonload bearing position was used to generate in silico 3D models of the elbow joint before DPUO, and this was repeated after DPUO union (median 3 months postoperatively). On these models, RUI, humeroradial and humeroulnar subchondral joint space width (SJSW) as well as alignment of the proximal ulnar segment were investigated.ResultsRUI at the medial coronoid process (MCP) decreased (P = .001), while it increased at the lateral coronoid process (P = .0005), and remained unchanged at the level of the trochlear ridge (P = .25). SJSW at the MCP increased (P = .001), changing from focal joint space collapse preoperatively to a more homogeneous pattern of moderate SJSW at follow‐up. The proximal ulnar segment rotated in all 3 planes with caudal tipping at the level of the osteotomy and varus deformity, while no axial translation could be noted.ConclusionsDPUO results in reduction of RUI and amelioration of focal contact area at the MCP. This effect is the result of a complex three‐dimensional rotation of the proximal ulnar segment, rather than axial shift.
Inter‐ and Intratester Reliability of Anthropometric Assessment of Limb Circumference in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Baltzer Wendy I. , Jelinski Susan E. , Salinardi Brenda J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report a standardized method of, and determine inter‐ and intratester reliability for, anthropometric assessment of limb circumference in dogs.Study DesignProspective blinded study.AnimalsLabrador Retrievers (n = 20).MethodUnsedated dogs were manually restrained in lateral recumbency and triplicate measurements of limb circumference at the level of the proximal antebrachium, mid brachium, proximal crus, and mid‐thigh were made using the Gulick II tape measure in the morning and afternoon of the same day. Observers were blinded to measurements made during each occasion and those made by co‐observers. Estimates of inter‐ and intratester reliability were made for first and mean measurements using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsMeasurements of the proximal antebrachium were made with moderate to fair intratester reliability by all observers with ICC's ranging from 0.68–0.78 (1st measurement) and 0.67–0.78 (mean measurement), and moderate to fair intertester reliability with ICC's of 0.66–0.68 (1st measurement) and 0.70–0.72 (mean measurement). Measurements of the brachium, crus, and thigh typically had poor inter‐ and intratester reliability, ICC < 0.5.ConclusionUsing the described method of muscle measurement in Labrador Retrievers only measurement of the proximal antebrachium was reliable; a single (1st) measurement was as reliable as using the mean of triplicate measurements.
Tunneling Under the Digastricus Muscle Increases Salivary Duct Exposure and Completeness of Excision in Mandibular and Sublingual Sialoadenectomy in Dogs
Authors: Marsh Andrew , Adin Christopher 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo document the extent of rostral salivary duct and glandular tissue excision achieved through a conventional lateral approach before and after tunneling under the digastricus muscle.Study DesignExperimental cadaveric study.AnimalsDog cadavers (n = 8).MethodsBilateral mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy was performed in 8 cadavers using a conventional lateral approach and the point of proposed salivary duct transection was marked with Evans blue dye. Remaining salivary duct was then tunneled under the digastricus muscle and dissection continued rostrally. The most rostral point of the gland/duct complex was marked before transection of the salivary duct. Once removed, the distance between the 2 marks was measured and recorded. Completeness of glandular tissue excision was confirmed by dissection and gross examination.ResultsThe tunneling technique improved rostral exposure and increased the median (IQR) length of salivary duct excision by 1.8 (0.35) cm. Residual polystomatic sublingual salivary tissue remained in all cadavers after simulated resection without tunneling under the digastricus muscle. After tunneling, complete removal of rostral salivary tissue was achieved in 13 of 15 procedures.ConclusionsTunneling under the digastricus muscle increases the length of rostral salivary duct and glandular tissue that can be removed through a conventional lateral approach.
When employees behave badly: the roles of contract importance and workplace familism in predicting negative reactions to psychological contract breach
Authors: Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , Zagenczyk Thomas J. , Bordia Prashant , Tang Robert L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the influence of contract importance, feelings of violation, and workplace familism on the relationship between psychological contract breach and organizational deviance. Results from a study of 168 supervisor–employee dyads in a pharmaceutical organization suggest that (a) feelings of violation mediated the relationship between perceived breach and supervisor‐rated organizational deviance; (b) relational and transactional contract importance influenced the relationship between breach and feelings of violation such that the relationship was stronger under conditions of high relational and transactional importance; and (c) high levels of workplace familism mitigated the effects of feelings of violation on supervisor‐rated organizational deviance.
Detection of oral bacterial DNA in synovial fluid
Authors: Reichert Stefan , Haffner Maximilian , Keyßer Gernot , Schäfer Christoph , Stein Jamal M. , Schaller Hans‐Guenter , Wienke Andreas , Strauss Heiko , Heide Steffen , Schulz Susanne 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectivesAs periodontal bacteria might be involved in the aetiology of rheumatic diseases, we analysed synovial fluid obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls for the presence of DNA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola.MethodsIn all, 42 patients suffering from RA (mean age 53.8 ± 16.7 years, 40.4% females) and 114 controls with no rheumatic diseases (mean age 56.1 ± 15.2 years, 52.4% females) were included. DNA from synovial fluid was isolated by QiaAmp kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) specific for the 16S rRNA genes of the above specified bacteria were developed. Subgingival bacterial colonization was analysed using micro‐Ident® test (HAIN‐Diagnostik, Nehren, Germany).ResultsIn patients with RA DNA of P. gingivalis was detected in synovial fluid more often than in controls (15.7% versus 3.5%, p = 0.045). More patients than controls harboured DNA from P. gingivalis in both, oral plaque and synovial fluid (11.9% versus. 0.9%, p = 0.030). Among the patients group the number of missing teeth was correlated with the number of joints with movement restrictions caused by RA.ConclusionsDNA of periodontopathogens can be found in synovial fluid and oral bacteria may play a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis.
Delayed closure of complex defects with serial tightening of loop sutures – clinical outcome in 64 consecutive patients
Authors: Felcht Moritz , Koenen Wolfgang , Weiss Christel , Weina Kasia , Geraud Cyrill , Faulhaber Jörg 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundDirect wound closure, flaps or grafts are considered to be gold standards for the reconstruction of defects. However, these techniques may not be applicable in all cases, especially for the challenging closure of large defects.ObjectiveWe developed a technique to close large defects, of varying size and shape, using serial tightening loop sutures. In 64 consecutive patients, loop sutures were applied to defects from 3 cm² up to 173 cm² for a maximum of 42 days with tightening every 2–7 days.ResultsThe median size of the defects was 20 cm². In 58 patients (91%) the defects were closed by direct approximation of the wound edges within a median time of 11 days (range: 4–42 days). Two patients received a skin transplant after a significant reduction of the defect size and four remaining defects healed by secondary intention. The skin stretching of defects located on the trunk was faster compared with defects on the extremities. Defects located on the scalp were closed hair bearing with little scarring. Overall, aesthetic results were satisfying.ConclusionThe use of loop sutures allows the delayed closure of large defects avoiding the need for skin flaps or grafts in most cases.
A counting method for density packed cells based on sliding band filter image enhancement
Authors: SUI D. , WANG K. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryCell loss and addition is an important biological event in pathology, and it usually provides central information to the changes of biological activity in the histological sections. To develop a reliable and accurate cell counting tools in tissue section, in this paper, we proposed a novel cell nuclei detecting method based on the sliding band filter which is a member of convergence index family. We evaluated the accuracy and performance of our method on density packed retinal outer nuclear layer cell confocal multivariate fluorescence microscopy image datasets. The results show our proposed method exhibited an excellent performance with its accuracy compared with human manual counting. It is worth noting that the proposed cell counting method can clearly benefit for retinal detachment and reattachment visual diagnostics close related to cell loss and addition.
Predicting Quality of Work Life on Nurses’ Intention to Leave
Authors: Lee Ya‐Wen , Dai Yu‐Tzu , Park Chang‐Gi , McCreary Linda L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between quality of work life (QWL) and nurses’ intention to leave their organization (ITLorg).DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was conducted using purposive sampling of 1,283 nurses at seven hospitals in Taiwan. Data were collected from March to June 2012.MethodsThree questionnaires, including the Chinese version of the Quality of Nursing Work Life scale (C‐QNWL), a questionnaire of intention to leave the organization, and a demographic questionnaire, with two informed consent forms were delivered to the nurses at their workplaces. Descriptive data, Pearson's correlations, and the ordinal regression model were analyzed.FindingsOver half (52.5%) of nurses had ITLorg. Seven QWL dimensions were significantly negatively correlated with ITLorg (r = −0.17 to −0.37, p < .01). Significant predictors (p < .05) of ITLorg (the pseudo R2 = 0.282) were being single, having a diploma or lower educational level, working in a nonteaching hospital. Four of the QWL dimensions—supportive milieu with job security and professional recognition, work arrangement and workload, work or home life balance, and nursing staffing and patient care—were also predictors of ITLorg. Three QWL dimensions were not predictors of ITLorg.ConclusionsThis study showed that individual‐related variables (being single, having a diploma or lower educational level), a work‐related variable (working at a nonteaching hospital), and the four QWL dimensions play a significant role in nurses’ ITLorg. After the QWL dimensions were added to the regression, the variance explained by the model more than doubled.Clinical RelevanceTo reduce nurses’ ITLorg, nursing administrators may offer more focused interventions to improve the supportive milieu with job security and professional recognition, work arrangement and workload, work or home life balance, and nursing staffing and patient care.
Falling behind: a substantive theory of care for older people with cognitive impairment in acute settings
Authors: Nilsson Anita , Rasmussen Birgit H , Edvardsson David 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo develop a theoretical understanding of the processes hindering person‐centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings.BackgroundAlthough person‐centred care with its holistic focus on the biopsychosocial needs of patients is commonly considered the gold standard care for older people with cognitive impairment, the extent to which care is person‐centred can increase in acute care settings generally.DesignGrounded theory inspired by Strauss and Corbin.MethodThe study used a grounded theory approach to generate and analyse data from a Swedish sample of acute care staff, patients and family members.ResultsThe substantive theory postulates that staff risks ‘falling behind’ in meeting the needs of older patients with cognitive impairment if working without consensus about the care of these patients, if the organisation is disease‐oriented and efficiency‐driven, and if the environment is busy and inflexible. This facilitated ‘falling behind’ in relation to meeting the multifaceted needs of older patients with cognitive impairment and contributed to patient suffering, family exclusion and staff frustration.ConclusionsThe theory highlights aspects of importance in the provision of person‐centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute settings and suggests areas to consider in the development of caring environments in which the place, pace and space can meet the needs of the older person.Relevance to clinical practiceThe proposed substantive theory can be used to critically examine current ward practices and routines, and the extent to which these support or inhibit high‐quality person‐centred care for older patients with known or unknown cognitive impairments.
The Relationship between Slack Resources and the Performance of Entrepreneurial Firms: The Role of Venture Capital and Angel Investors
Authors: Vanacker Tom , Collewaert Veroniek , Paeleman Ine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, we seek to further delineate factors that condition the relationship between slack resources and firm performance. To do so, we develop and test a model that establishes the role of venture capital (VC) and angel investors as powerful external stakeholders who positively moderate the slack–performance relationship. In addition, we provide more insight into this relationship by examining differences between these two types of private investors and by examining the role of their ownership stakes. We test our hypotheses using a sample of 1215 private firms, including VC‐backed firms, angel‐backed firms, and similar firms without such investors. We find that the presence of VC investors positively moderates the relationship between both financial and human slack resources and firm performance, while angel investors only positively moderate the effect of human resource slack. Further, VC investors are only marginally better at helping entrepreneurs to extract value from human resource slack than angel investors and they are no better when it comes to financial slack. Finally, we find that the impact of financial and human resource slack on firm performance is more positive in VC‐backed firms when investors hold high ownership stakes, an effect which is significantly stronger than when angel investors hold high ownership stakes.
Carbon allocation under light and nitrogen resource gradients in two model marine phytoplankton1
Authors: Bittar Thais B. , Lin Yajuan , Sassano Lara R. , Wheeler Benjamin J. , Brown Susan L. , Cochlan William P. , Johnson Zackary I. 
Published: March 2013

Marine phytoplankton have conserved elemental stoichiometry, but there can be significant deviations from this Redfield ratio. Moreover, phytoplankton allocate reduced carbon (C) to different biochemical pools based on nutritional status and light availability, adding complexity to this relationship. This allocation influences physiology, ecology, and biogeochemistry. Here, we present results on the physiological and biochemical properties of two evolutionarily distinct model marine phytoplankton, a diatom (cf. Staurosira sp. Ehrenberg) and a chlorophyte (Chlorella sp. M. Beijerinck) grown under light and nitrogen resource gradients to characterize how carbon is allocated under different energy and substrate conditions. We found that nitrogen (N)‐replete growth rate increased monotonically with light until it reached a threshold intensity (~200 μmol photons · m−2 · s−1). For Chlorella sp., the nitrogen quota (pg · μm−3) was greatest below this threshold, beyond which it was reduced by the effect of N‐stress, while for Staurosira sp. there was no trend. Both species maintained constant maximum quantum yield of photosynthesis (mol C · mol photons−1) over the range of light and N‐gradients studied (although each species used different photophysiological strategies). In both species, C:chl a (g · g−1) increased as a function of light and N‐stress, while C:N (mol · mol−1) and relative neutral lipid:C (rel. lipid · g−1) were most strongly influenced by N‐stress above the threshold light intensity. These results demonstrated that the interaction of substrate (N‐availability) and energy gradients influenced C‐allocation, and that general patterns of biochemical responses may be conserved among phytoplankton; they provided a framework for predicting phytoplankton biochemical composition in ecological, biogeochemical, or biotechnological applications.
China's New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and Underutilization of Medical Care Among Adults Over 45: Evidence From CHARLS Pilot Data
Authors: Shi Lu , Zhang Donglan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeWith its population rapidly aging, China needs prompt action to facilitate the middle‐aged and senior citizens' utilization of health care. The New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), a health care reform initiative started in 2003, is currently China's primary insurance program for the rural population.MethodsWith a 2‐province pilot sample (Gansu, the poorest province, and Zhejiang, one of the richest) of people over age 45 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper used logistic regressions to examine the association between the coverage of New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme and the underutilization of medical care.FindingsAmong those who had a need to visit a health care provider during the previous month, people covered by NCMS were more likely to underutilize outpatient care than the uninsured (Odds Ratio = 5.610, 2.035‐15.466). As for those who had a need to be hospitalized in the past year, the association between NCMS coverage and the underutilization of inpatient care was not statistically significant (Odds Ratio = 1.907, 0.335‐10.862). Low total household expenditure per capita, living in the inland province of Gansu, and being an urban resident were also associated with underutilizing outpatient care.ConclusionFurther research is needed to understand the negative association between NCMS coverage and outpatient care utilization.
Effect of distraction on children's pain during intravenous catheter insertion
Authors: Sadeghi Tahereh , Mohammadi Nooredin , Shamshiri Mahmood , Bagherzadeh Rafat , Hossinkhani Navabeh 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the effect of pressing a soft ball during intravenous catheter insertion (IVCI) on the intensity of pain in children ages 4–6 years.Design and MethodsIn this quasi‐experimental study, children in the intervention group were asked to press a soft ball with the opposite hand during IVCI and to immediately mark the Wong–Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the intensity of pain between the control group (n = 30) and the intervention group (n = 30; p =.012).Practice ImplicationsPressing a soft ball during IVCI may be an easily accessed, inexpensive, and effective technique to control or reduce pain in young children.
Race, Ethnicity, Postcoloniality, and the New Jewish (Trans)cultural Studies
Authors: Glaser Jennifer 
Published: March 2013

AbstractJewish studies scholars have traditionally been at odds with scholars in fields such as postcolonial, diasporic, and ethnic studies. Recently, however, a number of scholars in Jewish studies – particularly in Jewish American literary studies – have embraced the possibilities of a comparative, transcultural, and interethnic Jewish studies. By analyzing how Jewish literature and experience might expand formulations of the nation, difference, race, identity, colonialism, and the state, these critics have opened up new vistas in Jewish studies, American studies, and comparative diasporic studies.