bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase Inhibitor γ Reciprocally Regulates Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation by Downregulating Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
Authors: Chen Xin , Hausman Bryan S. , Luo Guangbin , Zhou Guang , Murakami Shunichi , Rubin Janet , Greenfield Edward M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The protein kinase inhibitor (Pki) gene family inactivates nuclear protein kinase A (PKA) and terminates PKA-induced gene expression. We previously showed that Pkig is the primary family member expressed in osteoblasts and that Pkig knockdown increases the effects of parathyroid hormone and isoproterenol on PKA activation, gene expression, and inhibition of apoptosis. Here, we determined whether endogenous levels of Pkig regulate osteoblast differentiation. Pkig is the primary family member in murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), murine marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Pkig deletion increased forskolin-dependent nuclear PKA activation and gene expression and Pkig deletion or knockdown increased osteoblast differentiation. PKA signaling is known to stimulate adipogenesis; however, adipogenesis and osteogenesis are often reciprocally regulated. We found that the reciprocal regulation predominates over the direct effects of PKA since adipogenesis was decreased by Pkig deletion or knockdown. Pkig deletion or knockdown also simultaneously increased osteogenesis and decreased adipogenesis in mixed osteogenic/adipogenic medium. Pkig deletion increased PKA-induced expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif) mRNA and LIF protein. LIF neutralizing antibodies inhibited the effects on osteogenesis and adipogenesis of either Pkig deletion in MEFs or PKIγ knockdown in both murine and human mesenchymal stem cells. Collectively, our results show that endogenous levels of Pkig reciprocally regulate osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation and that this reciprocal regulation is mediated in part by LIF. Stem Cells 2013;31:2789–2799
Theory and simulation of atom tunneling in chemical reactions
Authors: Kästner Johannes 
Published: August 2013

Quantum tunneling of atoms, the penetration of energy barriers higher than the total energy of the system, plays a role in many chemical systems. While any chemical reaction is dominated by tunneling at low enough temperature, there is evidence for hydrogen atom tunneling even in enzymatic reactions at ambient conditions. The smaller the mass of the atoms, the lower and thinner the barrier is, the stronger the tunneling effect increases the reaction rate. Different methods to calculate tunneling rates are available. They range from full solutions of the time‐dependent Schrödinger equation via the semiclassical method to ad hoc corrections of classical transition state theory. The basis of different methods, their accuracy, and applicability is discussed in the present overview, with a particular focus on instanton theory, a Feynman‐path‐based approach using the semiclassical approximation.This article is categorized under:

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Reaction Dynamics and Kinetics
Solar thermal CSP technology
Authors: Romero Manuel , González‐Aguilar José 
Published: August 2013

Solar thermal concentrating solar power (CSP) plants, because of their capacity for large‐scale generation of electricity and the possible integration of thermal storage devices and hybridization with backup fossil fuels, are meant to supply a significant part of the demand in countries of the solar belt. Nowadays, the market penetration of solar thermal electricity is steeply increasing, with commercial projects in Spain, USA, and other countries, being the most promising technology to follow the pathway of wind and photovoltaics to reach the goals for renewable energy implementation in 2020 and 2050. In the first commercial projects involving parabolic‐trough technology, some improvements are being introduced like the use of large molten‐salt heat storage systems able to provide high degrees of dispatchability to the operation of the plant, like the plants Andasol in Guadix, Spain, with 7.5 h of nominal storage, or the use of direct steam generation loops to replace thermal oil at the solar field. In the near future, the research and innovation being conducted within the field of linear Fresnel collectors may lead to high temperature systems able to operate up to 500°C and produce cost‐effective superheated steam. Central receiver systems are opening the field to new thermal fluids like molten salts (Gemasolar tower plant in Seville, Spain) with more than 14 h of nominal storage and air, and new solar receivers like volumetric absorbers, allowing operation at temperatures above 1000°C. All these factors can lead to electricity generation cost reduction of CSP plants by 30–40% for the period 2010–2020, according to public roadmaps and cost analysis made by the International Energy Agency in 2010. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:42–59. doi: 10.1002/wene.79This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Computational solution of stochastic differential equations
Authors: Sauer Timothy 
Published: August 2013

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) provide accessible mathematical models that combine deterministic and probabilistic components of dynamic behavior. This article is an overview of numerical solution methods for SDEs. The solutions are stochastic processes that represent diffusive dynamics, a common modeling assumption in many application areas. We include a description of fundamental numerical methods and the concepts of strong and weak convergence and order for SDE solvers. In addition, we briefly discuss the extension of SDE solvers to coupled systems driven by correlated noise. WIREs Comput Stat 2013. doi: 10.1002/wics.1272This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Finance
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Numerical Methods
MR Appearance and Clinical Significance of Changes in the Hip Muscles and Iliopsoas Tendon after Arthroscopic Iliopsoas Tenotomy in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Hain Kendra S. , Blankenbaker Donna G. , De Smet Arthur A. , Keene James S. , del Rio Alejandro Munoz 
Published: August 2013

Background Iliopsoas tenotomy is a treatment for snapping hip. Does this surgical procedure change the surrounding muscle and tendon anatomy? Questions/Purposes This study seeks to evaluate the changes in the MR appearance of the hip muscles and iliopsoas tendon in patients following arthroscopic iliopsoas tenotomy. Methods One hundred sixty-nine consecutive adults were evaluated after iliopsoas tenotomy at the lesser trochanter. Each MR exam was evaluated independently by three radiologists for muscle edema, atrophy (grade 0–4), compensatory hypertrophy, signal within the iliopsoas tendon (increased on T1 or T2 sequences), and iliopsoas tendon morphology (distorted or disrupted) above, at, and below the iliopectineal eminence. A finding was considered positive if reported by two or three of the radiologists. Results Twenty subjects met the inclusion criteria. Muscle edema was present in 15% (3/20) of subjects within the iliacus, psoas, and quadratus femoris. Atrophy was observed in the following muscles: iliacus 85% (17/20), psoas 75% (15/20), quadratus femoris 10% (2/20), rectus femoris 5% (1/20), vastus lateralis 5% (1/20), and gluteus maximus 25% (5/20). There was no compensatory hypertrophy. Ninety percent (18/20) had increased T1 and 10% (2/20) had increased T2 signal within the iliopsoas tendon. Thirty-five percent (7/20) of the iliopsoas tendons was disrupted and 85% (17/20) was distorted, most commonly below the iliopectineal eminence. Conclusion The majority of postoperative symptomatic patients has atrophy of the iliacus and psoas muscles and distortion and disruption of the iliopsoas tendon and should be recognized as a normal imaging appearance following iliopsoas tendon release.
Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition leads to crizotinib resistance in H2228 lung cancer cells with EML4‐ALK translocation
Authors: Kim Hyeong Ryul , Kim Woo Sung , Choi Yun Jung , Choi Chang Min , Rho Jin Kyung , Lee Jae Cheol 
Published: August 2013

Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with reduced sensitivity to many chemotherapeutic drugs, including EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we investigated if this reduced sensitivity also contributes to resistance to crizotinib, an ALK inhibitor of lung cancer that exhibits the EML4‐ALK translocation. We established a crizotinib‐resistant subline (H2228/CR), which was derived from the parental H2228 cell line by long‐term exposure to increasing concentrations of crizotinib. Characteristics associated with EMT, including morphology, EMT marker proteins, and cellular mobility, were analyzed. Compared with H2228 cells, the growth of H2228/CR cells was independent of EML4‐ALK, and H2228/CR cells showed cross‐resistance to TAE‐684 (a second‐generation ALK inhibitor). Phenotypic changes to the spindle‐cell shape were noted in H2228/CR cells, which were accompanied by a decrease in E‐cadherin and increase in vimentin and AXL. In addition, H2228/CR cells showed increased secretion and expression of TGF‐β1. Invasion and migration capabilities were dramatically increased in H2228/CR cells. Applying TGF‐β1 treatment to parental H2228 cells for 72 h induced reversible EMT, leading to crizotinib resistance, but this was reversed by the removal of TGF‐β1. Suppression of vimentin in H2228/CR cells by siRNA treatment restored sensitivity to crizotinib. Furthermore, these resistant cells remained highly sensitive to the Hsp90 inhibitors, similar to the parental H2228 cells. In conclusion, we suggest EMT is possibly involved in acquired resistance to crizotinib, and that HSP90 inhibitors could be a promising option for the treatment of EMT.
On the number of fixed points of a sofic shift-flip system
Authors: KIM YOUNG-ONE , RYU SIEYE 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIf $X$ is a sofic shift and $\varphi : X\rightarrow X$ is a homeomorphism such that ${\varphi }^{2} = {\text{id} }_{X} $ and $\varphi {\sigma }_{X} = { \sigma }_{X}^{- 1} \varphi $, the number of points in $X$ that are fixed by ${ \sigma }_{X}^{m} $ and ${ \sigma }_{X}^{n} \varphi , m= 1, 2, \ldots , n\in \mathbb{Z} $, is expressed in terms of a finite number of square matrices: the matrices are obtained from Krieger’s joint state chain of a sofic shift which is conjugate to $X$.
Compartmental flux andin situmethods underestimate total feed nitrogen as judged by the omasal sampling method due to ignoring soluble feed nitrogen flow
Authors: Huhtanen Pekka , Bayat Alireza , Krizsan Sophie J. , Vanhatalo Aila 
Published: August 2013

The objective of the present study was to estimate ruminal feed N outflow in lactating cows using the omasal sampling, compartmental flux orin situmethod. A total of five ruminally fistulated Finnish Ayrshire dairy cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square study with 21 d periods. Experimental silages of grass or red clover harvested at two stages of maturity in addition to a supplement of 9·0 kg concentrate/d were fed to the cows.In vivoomasal N flow was determined using the omasal sampling technique. Ruminalin situN flow was calculated from N intake and degradability (38 μm nylon bags). The samples of ruminal contents and faeces were divided into seven particle-size fractions by wet sieving; the concentrations of indigestible neutral-detergent fibre and N were used to calculate N flow in the compartmental flux method.In vivoomasal N flow was greater for the red clover silage diets than for the grass silage diets. The N flow calculated using the compartmental flux technique and that calculated using thein situtechnique were highly correlated, but both were less than and poorly correlated with thein vivoN flow. In bothin situand compartmental flux techniques, forage maturity increased the particle-associated N flow, with the increase being significantly greater for the red clover diets than for the grass silage diets. In conclusion, the compartmental flux andin situmethods described the N flow associated with the particle fractions rather than the total ruminal outflow of feed N.
A VARIATIONAL APPROACH FOR A BI-NON-LOCAL ELLIPTIC PROBLEM INVOLVING THE p(x)-LAPLACIAN AND NON-LINEARITY WITH NON-STANDARD GROWTH
Authors: CORRÊA FRANCISCO JULIO S. A. , DOS REIS COSTA AUGUSTO CÉSAR 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we are concerned with a class of p(x)-Kirchhoff equation where the non-linearity has non-standard growth and contains a bi-non-local term. We prove, by using variational methods (Mountain Pass Theorem and Ekeland Variational Principle), several results on the existence of positive solutions.
Prognostic factors for secondary recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma: a 20-year, retrospective study
Authors: Malard O , Wagner R , Joubert M , Delemazure A-S , Rio E , Durand N , Espitalier F 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the results of treatment of parotid pleomorphic adenoma, and the risk factors for secondary recurrence.Materials and methods:Single-centre, retrospective study of 32 patients with pleomorphic adenoma recurrence managed between 1988 and 2008.Results:The mean age at diagnosis of primary pleomorphic adenoma recurrence was 43.4 years. Twenty-eight per cent of patients had secondary recurrence; 32 per cent had undergone two or more surgical resections and external adjuvant radiotherapy. An age of less than 25 years was significantly associated with an earlier primary recurrence (p = 0.008). The most significant histopathological risk factor for secondary recurrence was the presence of a multifocal tumour (p = 0.019). Other histopathological criteria (i.e. cellularity and capsule rupture) were not significant. Radiotherapy was not associated with a decrease in recurrence. Nine per cent of patients progressed to malignancy. The main surgical complication was definitive facial palsy (14 per cent).Conclusion:Pleomorphic adenoma recurrence requires surgery, with greatly increased risk to the facial nerve. Resection with clear surgical margins is required, especially in young patients with multifocal tumours. Radiotherapy may delay second recurrence in cases of multifocal tumour.
Feasibility of customised unipolar conversion using bipolar temporary pacing wires in patients after surgical repair of congenital heart disease
Authors: Peters Bjoern , Miera Oliver , Ewert Peter , Yilmaz Sevim , Berger Felix , Schmitt Boris 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective: Temporary pacing wires play a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapy of post-operative arrhythmia after surgery for congenital heart disease. At present, bipolar pacing wires are used in most institutions. In case of functional failure of these wires, a unipolar mode of stimulation and sensing should be theoretically possible as a rescue procedure. Methods: We tested the feasibility of the customised unipolar mode in 18 post-operative patients with congenital heart disease (age 9.2 ± 13.9 months, weight 6.3 ± 3.8 kg, and cardiopulmonary bypass time 70 ± 29 minutes). As there are two possible unipolar configurations, there are twice the number of testing parameters; of those, we compared sensing (mV) and pacing thresholds (V at 0.5 ms). Results: Atrial sensing was significantly better in the unipolar modes (p < 0.001, p < 0.003). The ventricular unipolar sensing did not differ significantly in the “better” of the two possible configurations from the bipolar values (p = 0.363). For the unipolar pacing thresholds, only the “better” unipolar configuration did not differ significantly from the bipolar measurements (atrial: p = 0.058, ventricular: p = 0.138). There was no exit block or undersensing. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that unipolar stimulation and sensing using bipolar epicardial temporary pacing wires is feasible. In the case of failure of bipolar temporary pacing wires, this modality represents an easy rescue measure that in such cases should always be considered.
Vijaya and Romulus: Interpreting the Origin myths of Sri Lanka and Rome
Authors: STRATHERN ALAN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe story of Vijaya, has long been central to the Sinhalese idea of themselves as a distinct ethnic group of Aryan origin with ancient roots in the island of Lanka. The ‘national’ chronicle of the Sinhalese, theMahāvaṃsa(circa fifth centuryce) presents Vijaya, an exiled prince from India descended from a lion, as the founder hero of Sinhala civilisation. In a companion article to this, I argued that the narrative of Vijaya and other founder-heroes in theMahāvaṃsarevolves around the theme of transgression, and that this puzzling fact can only be explained by a consideration of the symbolic logic of the ‘stranger-king’ in origin stories and kingship rituals worldwide. In the present article, I look at other ways of explaining the narrative of Sīhabāhu, Vijaya, and Paṇḍukābhaya. First I break down the narrative into four different origin stories and consider their distribution in a range of texts from South Asia in order to reflect on possible textual inspirations for them (and even consider parallels with the Greek tale of Odysseus and Circe). Second, I consider the possibility that the narrative concerning relations with Pāṇḍu royalty reflects immediate political imperatives of the fifth centuryce. Do such interpretations negate the assumption that an organic communal process of mythogenesis has been at work? In the final section this methodological dilemma is approached through comparisons with the way in which scholars have looked at the origin myths of ancient Greek and particularly Roman society. Lastly, these reflections add further weight to the global comparative model of the stranger king, for the stories of Romulus and Vijaya share an emphasis on alien and transgressive beginnings.In 2009 the Sri Lankan government finally destroyed the conventional forces of the Tamil Tigers (LTTE) as the civil war that had afflicted the island since 1983 was brought to a violent denouement in the north-east of the Vanni region. From some of the subsequent celebrations by the Sinhalese majority, it seemed that the President Mahinda Rajapaksa was hailed not only for having rid Sri Lanka of a violent menace, but for having, in one sense, re-created the island. The country could now attain the kind of genuine independence and wholeness that had been lacking for much of the period following decolonisation in 1948. After the victory, Rajapaksa was hailed as a ‘great king’ and his admirers were not slow to draw historical analogies with kings and founder-heroes of the past. Such heroes typically have to wade through blood to obtain political mastery; the Lankan chronicles imply that such is the price that must be paid for the re-establishment of society or civilisation itself.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of psychiatric disorder and the perpetration of partner violence
Authors: Oram S. , Trevillion K. , Khalifeh H. , Feder G. , Howard L.M. 
Published: August 2013

Backgrounds.The extent to which psychiatric disorders are associated with an increased risk of violence to partners is unclear. This review aimed to establish risk of violence against partners among men and women with diagnosed psychiatric disorders.Methods.Systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches of eleven electronic databases were supplemented by hand searching, reference screening and citation tracking of included articles, and expert recommendations.Results.Seventeen studies were included, reporting on 72 585 participants, but only three reported on past year violence. Pooled risk estimates could not be calculated for past year violence against a partner and the three studies did not consistently report increased risk for any diagnosis. Pooled estimates showed an increased risk of having ever been physically violent towards a partner among men with depression (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.5–3.3), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.3–4.4) and panic disorder (OR 2.5, 95% CI C% 1.7–3.6). Increased risk was also found among women with depression (OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.1–2.8), GAD (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.9–3.0) and panic disorder (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5).Conclusions.Psychiatric disorders are associated with high prevalence and increased odds of having ever been physically violent against a partner. As history of violence is a predictor of current violence, mental health professionals should ask about previous partner violence when assessing risk.
Characterisation of copper thin films deposited on machinable glass–ceramic and glass by DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Desideri Daniele , Cavallin Tommaso , Maschio Alvise , Natali Marco 
Published: August 2013

Thin film metallisation of machinable glass–ceramic is a technique used for industrial applications. Data of copper thin films on machinable glass–ceramic, realised by using a magnetron sputtering system in an extensive pressure range, are uncommon. Aim of this study is to obtain and analyse these data, and to use as comparison the same copper depositions performed on glass. Surface analyses of materials used as substrates have been performed, and treatments prior to depositions are reported. Films with thicknesses of some hundreds of nanometres have been obtained by DC magnetron sputtering, varying the gas discharge pressure in the range 0.13–6.6 Pa. The films have been analysed, and the mechanical and structural data have been determined by profilometer, X‐ray diffraction and atomic force measurements, whereas electrical resistivity has been derived from sheet resistance measurement. The analyses have shown that the films obtained on glass and machinable glass–ceramic have similar structural (crystallite sizes and preferred orientation) and electrical (resistivity) characteristics. The resistivity data obtained from coatings realised at the highest pressures present an increase of more than one order of magnitude with respect to the values measured at the lowest pressures, and this result may be related to film ‘intra‐grain’ size effect.
Hypoxic retinal Müller cells promote vascular permeability by HIF-1–dependent up-regulation of angiopoietin-like 4
Authors: Xin Xiaoban , Rodrigues Murilo , Umapathi Mahaa , Kashiwabuchi Fabiana , Ma Tao , Babapoor-Farrokhran Savalan , Wang Shuang , Hu Jiadi , Bhutto Imran , Welsbie Derek S. , Duh Elia J. , Handa James T. , Eberhart Charles G. , Lutty Gerard , Semenza Gregg L. , Montaner Silvia , Sodhi Akrit 
Published: August 2013

Significance
Ischemic retinopathies include a diverse group of diseases in which immature retinal vasculature or damage to mature retinal vessels leads to retinal ischemia. The anticipated rise in the worldwide prevalence of diabetes will result in a concurrent increase in the number of patients with vision impairment from diabetic eye disease, the most common cause of ischemic retinopathy. We set out to identify novel hypoxia-inducible genes that promote vascular permeability and may therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic eye disease. We demonstrate that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is up-regulated by the transcriptional enhancer, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 in hypoxic retinal Müller cells, and can promote vascular permeability. Our findings suggest that ANGPTL4 may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic retinopathies.