bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intact Dirac cone of Bi2Te3 covered with a monolayer Fe
Authors: Scholz M. R. , Sánchez‐Barriga J. , Marchenko D. , Varykhalov A. , Volykhov A. , Yashina L. V. , Rader O. 
Published: January 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe topological surface state of Bi2Te3 leads to high photoemisson intensity from its Dirac point. This allows us to investigate the effect of larger amounts of deposited Fe than previously achieved for Bi2Se3. The Dirac point is shown to stay intact up to at least a monolayer showing the robustness of the topological state towards disordered magnetic moments. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exploring young students' collaborative argumentation within a socioscientific issue
Authors: Evagorou Maria , Osborne Jonathan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArgumentation has been the emphasis of many studies during the last decade. However, previous studies have not identified why some students are more successful than others, and what are students' characteristics of argumentation, especially when working collaboratively. The purpose of this study was to identify how young students construct arguments when working in pairs, and hence identify those characteristics of their interactions that might lead students to provide better written arguments in the science classroom. More specifically this study follows a case study design, examining two different pairs from a class of 12‐ to 13‐year‐old students that participated in a specially designed instructional approach within a socioscientific issue. The two pairs were videotaped for a duration of four, 50‐minute lessons and the transcripts were analyzed in order to identify characteristics of students' interactions during argumentation. The results indicated that one of the pairs constructed high level written arguments by the end of the instruction, and that the two pairs engaged in different types of discussion. The findings suggest that one of the pairs engaged more with the topic, and that a socioscientific context does not afford on its own engagement with argumentation. On the contrary, there is a need of ownership, and engagement that is not automatic and was only evident in one of the pairs. Therefore, an implication arising from this issue for research is an exploration of how students from different backgrounds, either social or cultural, understand and identify with the main socioscientific issues that are used as part of teaching science, in order to understand how to better design curriculum that will support engagement of all students with the topic. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:209–237, 2013
Neurodevelopmental outcome of full‐term small‐for‐gestational‐age infants with normal placental function
Authors: Savchev S. , Sanz‐Cortes M. , Cruz‐Martinez R. , Arranz A. , Botet F. , Gratacos E. , Figueras F. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the 2‐year neurodevelopmental outcome of full‐term, small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) newborns with normal placental function, according to current criteria based on umbilical artery Doppler findings.MethodsA cohort of consecutive full‐term, SGA newborns with normal prenatal umbilical artery Doppler was compared with a group of full‐term, appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) infants sampled from our general neonatal population. Neurodevelopmental outcome was evaluated at 24 months' corrected age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley‐III), which evaluates cognitive, language, motor, social‐emotional and adaptive competencies. The effect of the study group on each domain was adjusted with MANCOVA and logistic regression for gestational age at delivery, socioeconomic status, gender, tobacco smoking and breastfeeding.ResultsA total of 223 infants (112 SGA and 111 AGA) were included. The groups differed significantly with respect to socioeconomic status and gestational age at delivery. All studied neurodevelopmental domains were poorer in the SGA group, reaching significance for the cognitive (92.9 vs 100.2, adjusted P = 0.027), language (94.7 vs 101, adjusted P = 0.025), motor (94.2 vs 100, adjusted P = 0.027) and adaptive (89.2 vs 96.5, adjusted P = 0.012) scores. Likewise, the SGA group had a higher risk of low scores in language (odds ratio (OR) = 2.63; adjusted P = 0.045) and adaptive (OR = 2.72; adjusted P = 0.009) domains.ConclusionsCompared with normal‐sized babies, full‐term SGA infants, without placental insufficiency defined according to currently used criteria, have lower 2‐year neurodevelopmental scores. These data challenge the concept that SGA fetuses with normal umbilical artery Doppler are ‘constitutionally small’ but otherwise completely normal. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The cavum septi pellucidi in euploid and aneuploid fetuses
Authors: Abele H. , Babiy‐Pachomow O. , Sonek J. , Hoopmann M. , Schaelike M. , Kagan K. O. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine whether the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is larger in second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities than in euploid fetuses.MethodsThis was a retrospective study utilizing stored two‐dimensional images of second‐ and third‐trimester fetuses between 18 and 40 weeks' gestation from three centers in Germany. The width of the CSP was measured by placing the calipers on the inner portion of its lateral borders. Two operators, both of whom were blinded to the fetal karyotype and to the measurements obtained by the other, measured the CSP width. The normal range in euploid fetuses was computed based on the biparietal diameter (BPD) by applying univariate regression analysis. The CSP width in euploid and aneuploid fetuses was transformed into Z‐scores and compared using Student's t‐test. Univariate regression analysis was used to determine the dependency of Z‐score on head biometry.ResultsThe study population consisted of 406 singleton pregnancies, 267 with euploid fetuses, 81 with trisomy 21, 50 with trisomy 18 and eight with trisomy 13. In the euploid group, the mean CSP width was 4.5 (range, 1.8–7.4) mm. Regression analysis showed a significant dependency of CSP width on BPD (CSP width = 0.658 + (0.064 × BPD), r = 0.781, P < 0.0001; both parameters in mm). The mean CSP width increased from 3.2 to 7.1 mm for BPD values of 40 to 100 mm, respectively. In the groups of fetuses with trisomy 21, 18 and 13, mean CSP width was 5.7 (range, 2.8–10.5), 7.9 (range, 3.5–12.8) and 5.8 (range, 4.0–9.0) mm, respectively. In 42.0% of the fetuses with trisomy 21, CSP width was above the 95th centile. In trisomy 18 and 13, CSP width was above the 95th centile in 92.0% and 37.5% of cases, respectively.ConclusionA large CSP width should prompt a detailed ultrasound examination to further assess the risk for chromosomal abnormalities. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
TG13 guidelines for diagnosis and severity grading of acute cholangitis (with videos)
Authors: Kiriyama Seiki , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Solomkin Joseph S. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Yokoe Masamichi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Itoi Takao , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Yamashita Yuichi , Okamoto Kohji , Gabata Toshifumi , Hata Jiro , Higuchi Ryota , Windsor John A. , Bornman Philippus C. , Fan Sheung‐Tat , Singh Harijt , de Santibanes Eduardo , Gomi Harumi , Kusachi Shinya , Murata Atsuhiko , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Jagannath Palepu , Lee Sung Gyu , Padbury Robert , Chen Miin‐Fu , Dervenis Christos , Chan Angus C.W. , Supe Avinash N. , Liau Kui‐Hin , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSince the publication of the Tokyo Guidelines for the management of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis (TG07), diagnostic criteria and severity assessment criteria for acute cholangitis have been presented and extensively used as the primary standard all over the world. However, it has been found that there are crucial limitations in these criteria. The diagnostic criteria of TG07 do not have enough sensitivity and specificity, and its severity assessment criteria are unsuitable for clinical use. A working team for the revision of TG07 was organized in June, 2010, and these criteria have been updated through clinical implementation and its assessment by means of multi‐center analysis. The diagnostic criteria of acute cholangitis have been revised as criteria to establish the diagnosis where cholestasis and inflammation demonstrated by clinical signs or blood test in addition to biliary manifestations demonstrated by imaging are present. The diagnostic criteria of the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) have high sensitivity (87.6 %) and high specificity (77.7 %). TG13 has better diagnostic capacity than TG07. Severity assessment is classified as follows: Grade III: associated with organ failure; Grade II: early biliary drainage should be conducted; Grade1: others. As for the severity assessment criteria of TG07, separating Grade II and Grade I at the time of diagnosis was impossible, so they were unsuitable for clinical practice. Therefore, the severity assessment criteria of TG13 have been revised so as not to lose the timing of biliary drainage or treatment for etiology. Based on evidence, five predictive factors for poor prognosis in acute cholangitis—hyperbilirubinemia, high fever, leukocytosis, elderly patient and hypoalbuminemia—have been extracted. Grade II can be diagnosed if two of these five factors are present.
TG13 current terminology, etiology, and epidemiology of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Kimura Yasutoshi , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Windsor John A. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Higuchi Ryota , Gabata Toshifumi , Hata Jiro , Gomi Harumi , Dervenis Christos , Lau Wan‐Yee , Belli Giulio , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Hilvano Serafin C. , Yamashita Yuichi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWhile referring to the evidence adopted in the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) as well as subsequently obtained evidence, further discussion took place on terminology, etiology, and epidemiological data. In particular, new findings have accumulated on the occurrence of symptoms in patients with gallstones, frequency of severe cholecystitis and cholangitis, onset of cholecystitis and cholangitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and medications, mortality rate, and recurrence rate. The primary etiology of acute cholangitis/cholecystitis is the presence of stones. Next to stones, the most significant etiology of acute cholangitis is benign/malignant stenosis of the biliary tract. On the other hand, there is another type of acute cholecystitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, in which stones are not involved as causative factors. Risk factors for acute acalculous cholecystitis include surgery, trauma, burn, and parenteral nutrition. After 2000, the mortality rate of acute cholangitis has been about 10 %, while that of acute cholecystitis has generally been less than 1 %. After the publication of TG07, diagnostic criteria and severity assessment criteria were standardized, and the distribution of cases according to severity and comparison of clinical data among target populations have become more subjective. The concept of healthcare‐associated infections is important in the current treatment of infection. The treatment of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis substantially differs from that of community‐acquired infections. Cholangitis and cholecystitis as healthcare‐associated infections are clearly described in the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13).
TG13 surgical management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Yamashita Yuichi , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Gouma Dirk J. , Garden O. James , Büchler Markus W. , Gomi Harumi , Dervenis Christos , Windsor John A. , Kim Sun‐Whe , de Santibanes Eduardo , Padbury Robert , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Chan Angus C.W. , Fan Sheung‐Tat , Jagannath Palepu , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Itoi Takao , Supe Avinash N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is now accepted as a surgical procedure for acute cholecystitis when it is performed by an expert surgeon. There are several lines of strong evidence, such as randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta‐analyses, supporting the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with acute cholecystitis. The updated Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13) describe the surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis according to the grade of severity, the timing, and the procedure used for cholecystitis in a question‐and‐answer format using the evidence concerning surgical management of acute cholecystitis.Methods and materialsForty‐eight publications were selected for a careful examination of their full texts, and the types of surgical management of acute cholecystitis were investigated using this evidence. The items concerning the surgical management of acute cholecystitis were the optimal surgical treatment for acute cholecystitis according to the grade of severity, optimal timing for the cholecystectomy, surgical procedure used for cholecystectomy, optimal timing of the conversion of cholecystectomy from laparoscopic to open surgery, and the complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.ResultsThere were eight RCTs and four meta‐analyses concerning the optimal timing of the cholecystectomy. Consequently, it was found that cholecystectomy is preferable early after admission. There were three RCTs and two meta‐analyses concerning the surgical procedure, which concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is preferable to open procedures. Literature concerning the surgical treatment according to the grade of severity could not be quoted, because there have been no publications on this topic. Therefore, the treatment was determined based on the general opinions of professionals.ConclusionSurgical management of acute cholecystitis in the updated TG13 is fundamentally the same as in the Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07), and the concept of a critical view of safety and the existence of extreme vasculobiliary injury are added in the text to call the surgeon's attention to the need to reduce the incidence of bile duct injury.
TG13 indications and techniques for gallbladder drainage in acute cholecystitis (with videos)
Authors: Tsuyuguchi Toshio , Itoi Takao , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Kim Myung‐Hwan , Supe Avinash N. , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Miura Fumihiko , Gomi Harumi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Higuchi Ryota , Okamoto Kohji , Yamashita Yuichi , Gabata Toshifumi , Hata Jiro , Kusachi Shinya 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPercutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGBD) is considered a safe alternative to early cholecystectomy, especially in surgically high‐risk patients with acute cholecystitis. Although randomized prospective controlled trials are lacking, data from most retrospective studies demonstrate that PTGBD is the most common gallbladder drainage method. There are several alternatives to PTGBD. Percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder aspiration is a simple alternative drainage method with fewer complications; however, its clinical usefulness has been shown only by case‐series studies. Endoscopic naso‐gallbladder drainage and gallbladder stenting via a transpapillary endoscopic approach are also alternative methods in acute cholecystitis, but both of them have technical difficulties resulting in lower success rates than that of PTGBD. Recently, endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided transmural gallbladder drainage has been reported as a special technique for gallbladder drainage. However, it is not yet an established technique. Therefore, it should be performed in high‐volume institutes by skilled endoscopists. Further prospective evaluations of the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of these various approaches are needed. This article describes indications and techniques of drainage for acute cholecystitis.
TG13 antimicrobial therapy for acute cholangitis and cholecystitis
Authors: Gomi Harumi , Solomkin Joseph S. , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Pitt Henry A. , Yoshida Masahiro , Kusachi Shinya , Mayumi Toshihiko , Miura Fumihiko , Kiriyama Seiki , Yokoe Masamichi , Kimura Yasutoshi , Higuchi Ryota , Windsor John A. , Dervenis Christos , Liau Kui‐Hin , Kim Myung‐Hwan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTherapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents is an important component in the management of patients with acute cholangitis and/or acute cholecystitis. In the updated Tokyo Guidelines (TG13), we recommend antimicrobial agents that are suitable from a global perspective for management of these infections. These recommendations focus primarily on empirical therapy (presumptive therapy), provided before the infecting isolates are identified. Such therapy depends upon knowledge of both local microbial epidemiology and patient‐specific factors that affect selection of appropriate agents. These patient‐specific factors include prior contact with the health care system, and we separate community‐acquired versus healthcare‐associated infections because of the higher risk of resistance in the latter. Selection of agents for community‐acquired infections is also recommended on the basis of severity (grades I‐III).
Exercise medicine for prostate cancer
Authors: Newton Robert U. , Galvão Daniel A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Since initial reports in the mid-1980s, there has been increasing interest in the application of exercise as medicine for the prevention and management of cancer. A large number of high-quality, randomised, controlled trials with cancer survivors have confirmed both aerobic and resistance exercise to be highly beneficial for improving body composition, quality of life, mental health functional capacity and reducing risk of cancer recurrence and development of other chronic diseases. Such benefits have ultimately been realised in reduced cancer mortality between 30 and 60 % in large cohort retrospective studies. Treatments for prostate cancer are increasingly effective with quite high 5- and 10-year survival rates; however, side effects of endocrine treatments in particular impact on quality of life and increased co-morbidities for the survivor. Testosterone deprivation while highly effective for controlling prostate cancer growth results in loss of muscle and bone, increased fat mass, increased incidence of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and sudden death. Exercise has been demonstrated to be a very effective medicine for counteracting all of these treatment toxicities as well as improving mental health and quality of life. Exercise has been demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated by cancer patients. Current recommendation is to complete at least 150 min of aerobic exercise and two or more sessions of resistance training per week. More specific exercise prescription is required to address particular treatment toxicities such as bone loss or obesity. This paper is a review of key research from our group into exercise medicine for prostate cancer.
Synergistic Effect of Mixed Surfactant Systems on Foam Behavior and Surface Tension
Authors: Bera Achinta , Ojha Keka , Mandal Ajay 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFoam and surface tension behaviors of different ionic/nonionic surfactant solutions along with their different combinations have been investigated. Among different surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the highest foamability over other surfactants. Mixed surfactant systems were always found to have higher foamability than the individual surfactant. It was also noticeable that nonionic surfactants show good foamability when they combine with anionic and cationic surfactants. In the case of mixed surfactant systems, nonionic/cationic surfactant mixtures showed lower surface tension than nonionic/anionic surfactant mixture due to a synergistic effect.
Comparative Study of the Micellar and Antimicrobial Activity of Gemini‐Conventional Surfactants in Pure and Mixed Micelles
Authors: Sheikh Mohmad S. , Khanam Ahmad J. , Matto Rayees‐ul H. , Kabir‐ud‐Din  
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have carried out mixed micellization of pentanediyl‐α,ω‐bis(dimethyl cetylammonium bromide) (G5) with conventional cationic cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and nonionic polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (C16E20) in aqueous media and explored their antimicrobial activity in single and binary systems against Escherichia coli (E.coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The compounds tested showed excellent antibacterial activity: 0.76–3.38 g/l minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and were more active against gram +ve bacteria. For surfactant mixtures G5‐C16E20 > G5‐CPC, the ionic‐nonionic binary surfactant showed greater antibacterial activity. The experimental results of this study may be profitably used to understand and predict the antibacterial activity of gemini‐conventional surfactant systems and provide valuable information for selection of surfactant for microbiocidal action.