bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐assisted deacidification of Jatropha crude oil by statistical design of experiments
Authors: Gofferjé Gabriele , Gebhardt Melanie , Stäbler Andreas , Schweiggert‐Weisz Ute , Flöter Eckard 
Published: May 2014

Jatropha curcas L. crude oil has variable and often high free fatty acid content. As free fatty acids are corrosive, the crude oil has to be refined prior to its utilization in technical applications. Conventional refining processes have several environmental and energetic shortcomings, and there is a clear need for more sustainable pathways. In this study, an enzymatic method was studied for the neutralization of Jatropha oil. Detailed insight into the process was achieved by means of a statistical design of experiments utilizing an immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The free fatty acids were esterified with glycerol. The most important impact factors and interactions between factors were identified with regard to acid number reduction and the MAG, DAG, and glycerol content. Validation experiments showed that the models obtained for acid number and, mono‐ and DAG development were valid and adequate for optimizing the esterification reaction for the desired application. The results generated in this study open the possibility of modifying – within limits – the vegetable oil composition depending on the target application requirements. The acid number of the crude Jatropha oil could be decreased to 0.4 mg KOH per g oil by means of enzymatic esterification. The MAG content can be adjusted between 1.5 and 5.0% (w/w) and DAG content between 15.6 and 27.1% (w/w). The enzyme regeneration procedure that was developed allows multiple use of the enzyme at practically constant activity.Practical applications: Due to the advantages of an enzyme‐assisted neutralization procedure, future industrial application of this technology is of great interest. Higher oil yields, no generation of waste water, and the avoidance of aggressive chemicals mean this process has greater sustainability than the conventional approach requiring the addition of strong bases to the oil in order to saponify the free fatty acids. Currently, enzymatic processes tend not to be economically viable due the relatively high cost of the enzymes. However, the costs are likely to decrease in the future as demand for them increases. Additionally, enzyme regeneration, which was carried out successfully in this work, offers the opportunity to further lower the process costs.Jatropha curcas L. crude oil exhibits variable and often high free fatty acid content. Free fatty acids were esterified with glycerol utilizing an immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. Detailed insight into the process was achieved by means of statistical design of experiments yielding significant and valid mathematical models enabling the optimization of several process parameters.
Clinical Normative Data for Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Eating Disorder Inventory for DSM‐5 Feeding and Eating Disorder Classifications: A Retrospective Study of Patients Formerly Diagnosed Via DSM‐IV
Authors: Brewin Nicola , Baggott Jonathan , Dugard Pat , Arcelus Jon 
Published: May 2014

AbstractNormative data for measures of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology provide a fundamental description of a presentation and a means to establish clinically significant change following an intervention. Clinical norms for the ED population are lacking and out of date following the publication of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM) 5. This study aimed to show that scores from the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐q) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) differ across ED diagnosis groups and provide norm data for DSM‐5 ED diagnoses. Patients (n = 932) presenting to an out‐patient service over 5 years were retrospectively re‐diagnosed based on DSM‐5 criteria. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference on most subscale scores of the EDE‐q and the EDI across diagnosis. Means, standard deviations and percentile ranks are presented by diagnosis. The norms detailed contribute to improving the accuracy with which scores are interpreted when using DSM‐5 and aid with the assessment of clinically significant change following treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Health‐related Quality of Life in Adult Inpatients Affected by Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Abbate‐Daga Giovanni , Facchini Federico , Marzola Enrica , Delsedime Nadia , Giovannone Cristina , Amianto Federico , Fassino Secondo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivePoor awareness of illness in anorexia nervosa (AN) may render the assessment of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) difficult. We aimed at evaluating severe AN patients' HRQoL at discharge using different instruments and correlating this measure with clinical variables.MethodsWe enrolled 71 adult AN inpatients admitted through the emergency department. At admission, all participants completed the following: Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey, Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 and Temperament and Character Inventory. At admission and discharge, body mass index, EuroQoL Health Questionnaire/Visual Analogue Scale and Clinical Global Impression were evaluated.ResultsThe HRQoL was severely impaired at baseline, but it improved at discharge. HRQoL correlated with eating psychopathology and personality, but not with body mass index or Clinical Global Impression.ConclusionThe HRQoL effectively captured patients' improvement at discharge. Given its correlations with clinical variables, this instrument may be useful in clinical practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
How seasonal temperature or water inputs affect the relative response of C3 crops to elevated [CO2]: a global analysis of open top chamber and free air CO2 enrichment studies
Authors: Bishop Kristen A. , Leakey Andrew D. B. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) has the potential to positively impact C3 food crop production by directly stimulating photosynthetic carbon gain (A), which leads to increased crop biomass and yield. Further stimulation of A and yield can result from an indirect mechanism in which elevated [CO2] decreases stomatal conductance and canopy water use, ameliorating drought stress. Experiments in open top chambers (OTC) and free air CO2 enrichment (FACE) facilities have enabled investigation of crop responses to elevated [CO2] in near natural, field conditions. Mechanistic understanding of physiological responses to elevated [CO2] has led to predictions that the stimulation of A, biomass production, and economic yield will vary with the temperature and water supply experienced by the crop. This study tested current assumptions about the relationships between relative responses of yield and biomass to elevated [CO2] and variation in growing season temperature and water inputs (precipitation plus irrigation). Growing season average temperature was not a good predictor of the magnitude of biomass and yield responses to elevated [CO2], contradicting the prediction that responses to elevated [CO2] would increase with increasing temperature due to the greater benefit from decreasing photorespiration. However, the prediction that the relative stimulation of yield by elevated [CO2] would be greatest in dry conditions was generally supported. Thus, a simple CO2 fertilization value is not appropriate for modeling future crop productivity under varying environmental conditions. Further studies are necessary across a broader range of environmental conditions in order to accurately predict how rising [CO2] will interact with temperature and drought stress and alter future crop production.
PBSC mobilization in lymphoma patients: analysis of risk factors for collection failure and development of a predictive score based on the kinetics of circulating CD34+ cells and WBC after chemotherapy and G‐CSF mobilization
Authors: Rossi Giuseppe , Skert Cristina , Morello Enrico , Almici Camillo , Arcaini Luca , Basilico Claudia , Cavalli Lara , Botto Barbara , Castelli Andrea , Pica Gianmatteo , Ripamonti Francesco , Salvi Flavia , Carella Angelo M. , Gaidano Gianluca , Levis Alessandro , Nosari Annamaria , Russo Domenico , Vitolo Umberto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAutologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potentially curative treatment of lymphoma, but peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization fails in some patients. PBSC mobilizing agents have recently been proved to improve the PBSC yield after a prior mobilization failure. Predictive parameters of mobilization failure allowing for a preemptive, more cost‐effective use of such agents during the first mobilization attempt are still poorly defined, particularly during mobilization with chemotherapy + granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). We performed a retrospective analysis of a series of lymphoma patients who were candidates for ASCT, to identify factors influencing PBSC mobilization outcome. Premobilization parameters—age, histology, disease status, mobilizing protocol, and previous treatments—as well as white blood cell (WBC) and PBSC kinetics, markers potentially able to predict failure during the ongoing mobilization attempt, were analyzed in 415 consecutive mobilization procedures in 388 patients. We used chemotherapy + G‐CSF in 411 (99%) of mobilization attempts and PBSC collection failed (<2 × 106 CD34+ PBSC/kg) in 13%. Multivariable analysis showed that only a low CD34+ PBSC count and CD34+ PBSC/WBC ratio, together with the use of nonplatinum‐containing chemotherapy, independently predicted mobilization failure. Using these three parameters, we established a scoring system to predict risk of failure during mobilization ranging from 2 to 90%, thus allowing a selective use of a preemptive mobilization policy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global implications of China's healthcare reform
Authors: Yan Fei , Tang Shenglan , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe ongoing healthcare reform in China has a powerful spillover effect beyond the health sector and the borders of China. A successful completion of the Chinese reform will offer a new model for social justice development, shift the global economy toward sustainability and create a new hub for science and technology in medical and health science. However, reforming the healthcare system in the most populated country is a daunting task. China will not live up to its promise, and all the potentials may end with hype not hope if coherent national strategies are not constructed and state‐of‐the‐art navigation is not achieved with staggering domestic and global challenges. The cost of failure will be immensely high, socioeconomic costs for Chinese and an opportunity cost for the world as a whole. A full appreciation of the global implications of China's healthcare reform is crucial in keeping China receptive toward good practices evidence‐approved elsewhere and open minded to fulfill its international obligations. More critically, the appreciation yields constructive engagements from global community toward a joint development and global prosperity. The current report provides a multiple disciplinary assessment on the global implications of the healthcare reform in China. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of chelator type on in vitro receptor binding and stability in 177Lu‐labeled cetuximab and panitumumab
Authors: Novy Zbynek , Laznickova Alice , Mandikova Jana , Barta Pavel , Laznicek Milan , Trejtnar Frantisek 
Published: May 2014

Monoclonal antibodies are used in the therapy of various diseases. Thanks to their high specific uptake in target tissues, these antibodies can be utilized in targeted radioimmunotherapy as carriers of radioisotopes to tumors. However, important characteristics of antibodies such as target binding and stability in the organism may be affected by various structural parameters. This study has focused on the potential influence of selected chelators on radiochemical quality and in vitro receptor binding capacity in two modified monoclonal antibodies—cetuximab and panitumumab, both ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).These two antibodies were each coupled with three macrocyclic chelators (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid, 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid, and 3,6,9,15‐tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]‐pentadeca‐1(15),11,13‐triene‐4‐(S)‐(4‐isothiocyanatobenzyl)‐3,6,9‐triacetic acid) and labeled with lutetium‐177. The stability of the preparations was checked, and the cell binding to EGFR‐expressing cell lines was examined.The used method led to very stable radiolabeled preparations. The results showed that binding to the target cells was not affected by the type of chelator.All three chelators may be useful for the labeling of cetuximab and panitumumab with lutetium‐177 in future preclinical or clinical studies. Our study revealed previously unpublished fact that the type of chelator selected does not affect binding of EGFR‐targeted antibodies labeled with lutetium‐177. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transhiatal versus transthoracic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer: A 2005–2011 NSQIP comparison of modern multicenter results
Authors: Papenfuss Wesley A. , Kukar Moshim , Attwood Kristopher , Kakarla Venkata R. , Chousleb Soni , Hochwald Steven N. , Nurkin Steven J. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundThe surgical approach to esophageal cancer continues to be controversial. A transthoracic approach is often advocated for better oncologic staging and improved survival. A transhiatal approach is often preferred due to a perceived decreased operative morbidity and mortality.MethodsUsing the American College of Surgeons‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS‐NSQIP) participant‐use file, patients were identified who underwent either a transhiatal or transthoracic esophagectomy for cancer at participating hospitals from 2005 to 2011. Demographic, clinical, intra‐operative variables, and 30‐day morbidity and mortality were collected.ResultsOf the 1,428 patients that had esophagectomy, 750 (52.5%) had a transhiatal (TH) resection and 678 (47.5%) had a transthoracic (TT) resection. The transhiatal group was older (66 vs. 63 years, P = 0.003) with a lower ASA class (2.84 vs. 2.91, P = 0.025). Operative time was greater in the TT group (364 vs. 298 min, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in 30 day overall mortality (TH = 2.9%, TT = 4.7%, P = 0.095) however a trend favored the TH group. Serious morbidity remains clinically significant in both groups (TH = 39.6%, TT = 43.5%, P = 0.146). The TH group had a significantly higher superficial wound infection rate (11.6% vs. 6.2%, P < 0.001) while the TT group required more perioperative blood transfusions (12.5% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.032) and returns to operating room (14.5% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.046).ConclusionSerious morbidity continues to be high for both types of esophagectomy. There needs to be continued efforts to diminish these complications. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:298–301. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intra‐operative guidance: Methods for achieving negative margins in breast conserving surgery
Authors: Hargreaves Anita C. , Mohamed Mohamed , Audisio Riccardo A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe increasing incidence of breast cancer and advances in detection of small, impalpable cancers presents increasing challenges for the modern breast surgeon. Accurate localization and excision with adequate oncological margins to reduce loco‐regional recurrence rates whilst minimizing volume deficit and maximizing aesthetics remains the “gold standard.” We review the current techniques available and the developments within this field. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:21–25. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous diagnostic platform of genotyping EGFR, KRAS, and ALK in 510 Korean patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer highlights significantly higher ALK rearrangement rate in advanced stage
Authors: Kim Tae‐Jung , Park Chan Kwon , Yeo Chang Dong , Park Kihoon , Rhee Chin Kook , Kim Jusang , Kim Seung Joon , Lee Sang Haak , Lee Kyo‐Young , Yoon Hyoung‐Kyu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous genotyping has advantages in turnaround time and detecting the real mutational prevalence in unresectable non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a group not previously genetically characterized.MethodsWe developed simultaneous panel of screening EGFR and KRAS mutations by direct sequencing or PNA clamping, and ALK rearrangement by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in multicenter manner.ResultsOf 510 NSCLC Korean patients, simultaneous genotyping identified mutations of EGFR (29.0%) and KRAS (8.6%) and rearrangement of ALK (9.2%). Seven patients had overlaps in mutations. Although several well‐known associations between genotypes and clinical characteristics were identified, we found no relationship between ALK rearrangement and sex or smoking history. Unlike the other genotype mutations, ALK rearrangement was associated with advanced disease. Among the ALK‐negative group, patients with 10–15% of ALK FISH split shared characteristics, such as younger age and advanced stage disease, more with the ALK‐positive group (>15% ALK FISH split) than <10% ALK FISH split group.ConclusionsSimultaneous panel genotyping revealed more prevalent ALK rearrangements than reported in previous studies and their strong association with advanced stage irrespective of sex or smoking history. ALK rearrangement seems to be a marker for aggressive tumor biology and should be assessed in advanced disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:245–251. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The low Mach number limit in Besov spaces for compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations
Authors: Wang Peng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we develop a continuation principle for general hyperbolic singular limit problems in more general Besov spaces, which covers the cases of usual Sobolev spaces with higher regularity in and the critical Besov space. As an application, we give a simple justification for the low Mach number limit of compressible magnetohydrodynamics equations. More precisely, for the Mach number sufficiently small, the smooth compressible flows exist on the (finite) time interval where the incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations have smooth solutions, and the definite convergence orders are also obtained. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying peer‐to‐peer communities in the network by connection graph analysis
Authors: Jusko Jan , Rehak Martin 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper we present a unified solution to identify peer‐to‐peer (P2P) communities operating in the network. We propose an algorithm that is able to progressively discover nodes cooperating in a P2P network and to identify that P2P network. Starting from a single known node, we can easily identify other nodes in the P2P network, through the analysis of widely available and standardized IPFIX (NetFlow) data. Instead of relying on the analysis of content characteristics or packet properties, we monitor connections of known nodes in the network and then progressively discover other nodes through the analysis of their mutual contacts. We show that our method is able to discover cooperating nodes in many P2P networks and present the real computational requirements of the algorithm on a large network. The use of standardized input data allows for easy deployment onto real networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic Compounds Involved in Grafting Incompatibility of Vitis spp: Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for their Quantification
Authors: Canas Sara , Assunção Maria , Brazão João , Zanol Geni , Eiras‐Dias José Eduardo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionGraft incompatibility of Vitis spp is an unresolved worldwide problem with important economic consequences. Grafting comprises a complex set of morphological and physiological alterations, in which the phenolic compounds seem to be strongly involved. Therefore, a detailed analysis and recognition of structural phenolic compounds diversity in the two partners of a Vitis graft is of great importance to evaluate their role as markers of graft establishment.ObjectiveTo optimise a sample extraction method, and to develop and validate a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonols in the graft union so as to understand their behaviour in the metabolism of the scion–rootstock system, using compatible and incompatible combinations of a Syrah cultivar and two rootstocks (R110 and SO4).MethodsSixty extracts of Vitis grafting tissues were prepared and analysed by HPLC for the qualitative and quantitative determination of their phenolic profile.ResultsAmong the phenolic compounds identified in the samples, one benzoic acid (gallic acid), three cinnamic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid) and two flavonols (catechin and epicatechin) are potentially suitable as markers of graft incompatibility.ConclusionThe method developed presents good performance and lends itself readily for application in routine analysis of the phenolic composition of Vitis grafting tissues to distinguish compatible and incompatible combinations in the graft callusing stage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved lifetimes of organic solar cells with solution‐processed molybdenum oxide anode‐modifying layers
Authors: Garg Ashish , Gupta Shailendra Kumar , Jasieniak Jacek J. , Singh Th. Birendra , Watkins Scott E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report on the use and stability of solution‐processed molybdenum oxide (sMoOx) thin films as anode‐modifying layers to replace conventionally used poly(3,4‐ethyldioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) layers in poly(3‐hexylthiophene):[6,6]‐phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT/PC61BM) bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Our results show that while as prepared devices using the two anode‐modifying layers possess similar performances, the sMoOx devices exhibit a staggering 20‐fold stability improvement in its performance half‐life compared with PEDOT/PSS devices, ~3400 h versus ~150 h, respectively. A further comparison of the stability between encapsulated and unencapsulated devices demonstrates the necessity for protection from atmospheric moisture and oxygen but again highlights the lucrative nature of sMoOx as a protective anode‐modifying layer compared with PEDOT/PSS even under ambient conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interconnection of busbar‐free back contacted solar cells by laser welding
Authors: Schulte‐Huxel Henning , Blankemeyer Susanne , Merkle Agnes , Steckenreiter Verena , Kajari‐Schröder Sarah , Brendel Rolf 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe are presenting the module integration of busbar‐free back‐junction back‐contact (BJBC) solar cells. Our proof‐of‐concept module has a fill factor of 80.5% and a conversion efficiency on the designated area of 22.1% prior to lamination. A pulsed laser welds the Al metallization of the solar cells to an Al foil carried by a transparent substrate. The weld spots electrically contact each individual finger to the Al foil, which serves as interconnect between different cells. We produce a proof‐of‐concept module using busbar‐free cell strips of 25 × 125 mm2. These are obtained by laser‐dicing of a 125 × 125 mm2 BJBC solar cell. The fill factor of this module is increased by 3.5% absolute compared with the initial cell before laser‐dicing. This is achieved mainly by omitting the busbars and reduction of the finger length. The improvement of the module fill factor results in an increase in the module performance of 0.9% absolute before lamination in comparison with the efficiency of the initial 125 × 125 mm2 BJBC solar cell. Hence, this interconnection scheme enables the transfer of high cell efficiencies to the module. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.