bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small Multiples, Large Singles: A New Approach for Visual Data Exploration
Authors: van den Elzen Stef , van Wijk Jarke J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present a novel visual exploration method based on small multiples and large singles for effective and efficient data analysis. Users are enabled to explore the state space by offering multiple alternatives from the current state. Users can then select the alternative of choice and continue the analysis. Furthermore, the intermediate steps in the exploration process are preserved and can be revisited and adapted using an intuitive navigation mechanism based on the well‐known undo‐redo stack and filmstrip metaphor. As proof of concept the exploration method is implemented in a prototype. The effectiveness of the exploration method is tested using a formal user study comparing four different interaction methods. By using Small Multiples as data exploration method users need fewer steps in answering questions and also explore a significantly larger part of the state space in the same amount of time, providing them with a broader perspective on the data, hence lowering the chance of missing important features. Also, users prefer visual exploration with small multiples over non‐small multiple variants.
Visualizing Interchange Patterns in Massive Movement Data
Authors: Zeng Wei , Fu Chi‐Wing , Arisona Stefan Müller , Qu Huamin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMassive amount of movement data, such as daily trips made by millions of passengers in a city, are widely available nowadays. They are a highly valuable means not only for unveiling human mobility patterns, but also for assisting transportation planning, in particular for metropolises around the world. In this paper, we focus on a novel aspect of visualizing and analyzing massive movement data, i.e., the interchange pattern, aiming at revealing passenger redistribution in a traffic network. We first formulate a new model of circos figure, namely the interchange circos diagram, to present interchange patterns at a junction node in a bundled fashion, and optimize the color assignments to respect the connections within and between junction nodes. Based on this, we develop a family of visual analysis techniques to help users interactively study interchange patterns in a spatiotemporal manner: 1) multi‐spatial scales: from network junctions such as train stations to people flow across and between larger spatial areas; and 2) temporal changes of patterns from different times of the day. Our techniques have been applied to real movement data consisting of hundred thousands of trips, and we present also two case studies on how transportation experts worked with our interface.
Continuous Representation of Projected Attribute Spaces of Multifields over Any Spatial Sampling
Authors: Molchanov Vladimir , Fofonov Alexey , Linsen Lars 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFor the visual analysis of multidimensional data, dimension reduction methods are commonly used to project to a lower‐dimensional visual space. In the context of multifields, i.e., volume data with a multidimensional attribute space, the spatial arrangement of the samples in the volumetric domain can be exploited to generate a Continuous Representation of the Projected Attribute Space (CoRPAS). Here, the sample locations in the volumetric domain may be arranged in a structured or unstructured way and may or may not be connected by a grid or a mesh. We propose an approach to generate CoRPAS for any sample arrangement using an isotropic density function. An interactive visual exploration system with three coordinated views of volume visualization, CoRPAS, and an interaction widget based on star coordinates is presented. The star‐coordinates widget provides an intuitive means for the user to change the projection matrix. The coordinated views allow for feature selection in form of brushing and linking. The approach is applied to both synthetic data and data resulting from numerical simulations of physical phenomena. In particular, simulations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics are addressed, where the simulation kernel can be used to produce a CoRPAS that is consistent with the simulation. We also show how a logarithmic scaling of attribute values in CoRPAS is supported, which is of high practical relevance.
Towards Multifield Scalar Topology Based on Pareto Optimality
Authors: Huettenberger L. , Heine C. , Carr H. , Scheuermann G. , Garth C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHow can the notion of topological structures for single scalar fields be extended to multifields? In this paper we propose a definition for such structures using the concepts of Pareto optimality and Pareto dominance. Given a set of piecewise‐linear, scalar functions over a common simplical complex of any dimension, our method finds regions of “consensus” among single fields’ critical points and their connectivity relations. We show that our concepts are useful to data analysis on real‐world examples originating from fluid‐flow simulations; in two cases where the consensus of multiple scalar vortex predictors is of interest and in another case where one predictor is studied under different simulation parameters. We also compare the properties of our approach with current alternatives.
Selecting Semantically‐Resonant Colors for Data Visualization
Authors: Lin Sharon , Fortuna Julie , Kulkarni Chinmay , Stone Maureen , Heer Jeffrey 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe introduce an algorithm for automatic selection of semantically‐resonant colors to represent data (e.g., using blue for data about “oceans”, or pink for “love”). Given a set of categorical values and a target color palette, our algorithm matches each data value with a unique color. Values are mapped to colors by collecting representative images, analyzing image color distributions to determine value‐color affinity scores, and choosing an optimal assignment. Our affinity score balances the probability of a color with how well it discriminates among data values. A controlled study shows that expert‐chosen semantically‐resonant colors improve speed on chart reading tasks compared to a standard palette, and that our algorithm selects colors that lead to similar gains. A second study verifies that our algorithm effectively selects colors across a variety of data categories.
An Information‐Theoretic Observation Channel for Volume Visualization
Authors: Bramon R. , Ruiz M. , Bardera A. , Boada I. , Feixas M. , Sbert M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDifferent quality metrics have been proposed in the literature to evaluate how well a visualization represents the underlying data. In this paper, we present a new information‐theoretic framework that quantifies the information transfer between the source data set and the rendered image. This approach is based on the definition of an observation channel whose input and output are given by the intensity values of the volumetric data set and the pixel colors, respectively. From this channel, the mutual information, a measure of information transfer or correlation between the input and the output, is used as a metric to evaluate the visualization quality. The usefulness of the proposed observation channel is illustrated with three fundamental visualization applications: selection of informative viewpoints, transfer function design, and light positioning.
imMens: Real‐time Visual Querying of Big Data
Authors: Liu Zhicheng , Jiang Biye , Heer Jeffrey 
Published: July 2013

AbstractData analysts must make sense of increasingly large data sets, sometimes with billions or more records. We present methods for interactive visualization of big data, following the principle that perceptual and interactive scalability should be limited by the chosen resolution of the visualized data, not the number of records. We first describe a design space of scalable visual summaries that use data reduction methods (such as binned aggregation or sampling) to visualize a variety of data types. We then contribute methods for interactive querying (e.g., brushing & linking) among binned plots through a combination of multivariate data tiles and parallel query processing. We implement our techniques in imMens, a browser‐based visual analysis system that uses WebGL for data processing and rendering on the GPU. In benchmarks imMens sustains 50 frames‐per‐second brushing & linking among dozens of visualizations, with invariant performance on data sizes ranging from thousands to billions of records.
ExPlates: Spatializing Interactive Analysis to Scaffold Visual Exploration
Authors: Javed W. , Elmqvist N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVisual exploration involves using visual representations to investigate data where the goals of the process are unclear and poorly defined. However, this often places unduly high cognitive load on the user, particularly in terms of keeping track of multiple investigative branches, remembering earlier results, and correlating between different views. We propose a new methodology for automatically spatializing the individual steps in visual exploration onto a large visual canvas, allowing users to easily recall, reflect, and assess their progress. We also present a web‐based implementation of our methodology called ExPlatesJS where users can manipulate multidimensional data in their browsers, automatically building visual queries as they explore the data.
TrajectoryLenses – A Set‐based Filtering and Exploration Technique for Long‐term Trajectory Data
Authors: Krüger Robert , Thom Dennis , Wörner Michael , Bosch Harald , Ertl Thomas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe visual analysis of spatiotemporal movement is a challenging task. There may be millions of routes of different length and shape with different origin and destination, extending over a long time span. Furthermore there can be various correlated attributes depending on the data domain, e.g. engine measurements for mobility data or sensor data for animal tracking. Visualizing such data tends to produce cluttered and incomprehensible images that need to be accompanied by sophisticated filtering methods. We present TrajectoryLenses, an interaction technique that extends the exploration lens metaphor to support complex filter expressions and the analysis of long time periods. Analysts might be interested only in movements that occur in a given time range, traverse a certain region, or end at a given area of interest (AOI). Our lenses can be placed on an interactive map to identify such geospatial AOIs. They can be grouped with set operations to create powerful geospatial queries. For each group of lenses, users can access aggregated data for different attributes like the number of matching movements, covered time, or vehicle performance. We demonstrate the applicability of our technique on a large, real‐world dataset of electric scooter tracks spanning a 2‐year period.
ViviSection: Skeleton‐based Volume Editing
Authors: Karimov A. , Mistelbauer G. , Schmidt J. , Mindek P. , Schmidt E. , Sharipov T. , Bruckner S. , Gröller E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVolume segmentation is important in many applications, particularly in the medical domain. Most segmentation techniques, however, work fully automatically only in very restricted scenarios and cumbersome manual editing of the results is a common task. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for the editing of segmentation results. Our method exploits structural features of the segmented object to enable intuitive and robust correction and verification. We demonstrate that our new approach can significantly increase the segmentation quality even in difficult cases such as in the presence of severe pathologies.
Interactive Ray Casting of Geodesic Grids
Authors: Xie Jinrong , Yu Hongfeng , Ma Kwan‐Liu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractGeodesic grids are commonly used to model the surface of a sphere and are widely applied in numerical simulations of geoscience applications. These applications range from biodiversity, to climate change and to ocean circulation. Direct volume rendering of scalar fields defined on a geodesic grid facilitates scientists in visually understanding their large scale data. Previous solutions requiring to first transform the geodesic grid into another grid structure (e.g., hexahedral or tetrahedral grid) for using graphics hardware are not acceptable for large data, because such approaches incur significant computing and storage overhead. In this paper, we present a new method for efficient ray casting of geodesic girds by leveraging the power of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). A geodesic grid can be directly fetched from storage or streamed from simulations to the rendering stage without the need of any intermediate grid transformation. We have designed and implemented a new analytic scheme to efficiently perform value interpolation for ray integration and gradient calculations for lighting. This scheme offers a more cost‐effective rendering solution over the existing direct rendering approach. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our rendering solution using real‐world geoscience data.
Difference in quality of life, fatigue and societal participation between living and deceased donor kidney transplant recipients
Authors: de Groot Ingrid B. , Veen J. Iraida E. , van der Boog Paul J. M. , van Dijk Sandra , Stiggelbout Anne M. , Marang‐van de Mheen Perla J. ,   The PARTNER‐study group
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurpose of this study was to assess whether living (LD) and deceased donor (DD) kidney transplant recipients differ in health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue and societal participation, depending on time since transplantation and after adjustment for clinical and demographic variables. A questionnaire study was performed among 309 LD and 226 DD recipients (response rate 74% and 61%) transplanted between 1997 and 2009. After adjustment for age, sex, and education, LD recipients transplanted less than or equal to five yr ago experienced better HRQoL than DD recipients on the domains' role limitations due to physical problems, general health perception, and on the physical component summary score (all p < 0.05) and a better societal participation (all subscales, p < 0.05). No differences were found in the mental health domains. The LD recipients also had better renal clearance than DD recipients (62.1 vs. 55.9 mL/min, p = 0.01). After additional adjustment for renal clearance, the differences in HRQoL and societal participation between LD and DD recipients remained. No differences were found in recipients transplanted more than five yr ago.We conclude that LD recipients on average have better HRQoL and societal participation than DD recipients, in the first years after transplantation.
The Hidden Consequences of Credit: An Illustration from Rural Indonesia
Authors: Gerber Julien‐François 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTInterest in rural financial development has been booming, but often with a blind eye to the broader consequences. Very few studies have tackled the unintended economic, social and ecological outcomes of ordinary indebtedness, the inevitable other side of credit. This article explores some of the main ‘hidden’ side‐effects of credit/debt relations, with special reference to the Indonesian plantation sector. I argue that widespread credit/debt relations are not only an important factor behind capital, land and labour control; they also generate constraints that foster market discipline and contribute to undermine traditional community bonds as well as environmental conditions. More generally, credit/debt relations represent a powerful mechanism of social selection that has, in the long run, crucially shaped the trajectory of capitalism at the household, firm and government levels.
Sustainable Graduation from Social Protection Programmes
Authors: Sabates‐Wheeler Rachel , Devereux Stephen 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTEfforts to reduce extreme poverty by assisting poor people to cross income or asset thresholds are receiving increasing attention in social protection programming. Livelihood‐promoting interventions aim to reduce vulnerability, so that participants can manage moderate risk and ‘graduate’ from social protection provision. This article elaborates the theory of change underpinning the notion of graduation and explores the range of enabling and constraining factors that facilitate or undermine this change process, drawing on case studies from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Rwanda. The authors distinguish ‘threshold’ graduation from ‘sustainable’ graduation and argue that multiple factors operating beyond the household level — such as market conditions, community investment and scale effects — have significant implications for the graduation potential of social protection programmes.
How China Navigated the Dilemma of Trade Liberalization and Government Revenues
Authors: Guo Yung‐Hsing 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMany economists believe that in the long run, the aggregate performance of open economies is better than that of closed ones, and that open policies contribute significantly to economic development. At the same time, many political scientists and policy makers fear that, in the short run, one of the steps towards openness — trade liberalization — may harm government revenues. However, in the 1990s, China successfully navigated the dilemma of trade liberalization and government revenues. In this period, China decreased tariff and non‐tariff barriers for WTO accession, but has achieved dramatically increased tariff revenues since 1999. This study explores how China implemented trade liberalization and simultaneously increased tariff revenues in the 1990s. It demonstrates that a series of institutional arrangements, including a reform of Criminal Law, rigorous anti‐smuggling activities and a de facto tax imposed on the export sector, successfully curbed smuggling activities through the processing trade, and made foreign‐invested manufacturing enterprises the major contributors to the stability of customs revenue. China's case shows that a prosperous, export‐oriented and foreign‐invested manufacturing sector could potentially provide a developing country with a source of customs revenue.
Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes among overweight or obese children in Tianjin, China
Authors: Zhu H. , Zhang X. , Li M.‐Z. , Xie J. , Yang X.‐L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsTo determine the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes and their risk factors among overweight or obese school children aged 7–18 years in Tianjin, China.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey in a representative sample of overweight/obese children or adolescents in Tianjin was conducted from May to August 2010 using a stratified cluster sampling method. A two‐step screening, which was conducted to identify Type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes in these children, consisted of a fasting capillary glucose test and a standard 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test. Subjects who had fasting capillary glucose ≥ 5.6 mmol/l were invited for an oral glucose tolerance test. The study used Chinese criteria for classification of obesity/overweight and World Health Organization criteria for diabetes/pre‐diabetes.ResultsA total of 3173 children participated in the survey, with a response rate of 99.0%. Of the children, 13.0% (n = 413) were overweight and 15.4% (n = 490) were obese. Among these 903 children, 727 (80.5%) agreed to and underwent the diabetes screening and two (0.28%) were diagnosed as having Type 2 diabetes, six (0.83%) to have impaired fasting glucose, 16 (2.20%) to have impaired glucose tolerance and two (0.28%) to have both. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and pre‐diabetes was 0.28% (95% CI 0.08–1.00%) and 3.30% (95% CI 2.23–4.87%), respectively. Abdominal obesity and motorized commuting were associated with Type 2 diabetes or pre‐diabetes among overweight or obese boys, while high birthweight was associated with Type 2 diabetes or pre‐diabetes among girls.ConclusionsType 2 diabetes among school‐aged children was still low in Tianjin, China. However, Type 2 diabetes‐related factors were very common, especially overweight and obesity.
Insulin oedema and treatment‐induced neuropathy occurring in a 20‐year‐old patient with Type 1 diabetes commenced on an insulin pump
Authors: Rothacker K. M. , Kaye J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundOedema may occur following initiation or intensification of insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Mild oedema is thought to be not uncommon, but under‐reported, whilst generalized oedema with involvement of serous cavities has rarely been described. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed, including insulin‐induced sodium and water retention. Patients at greater risk for insulin oedema include those with poor glycaemic control. Dramatic improvement in glycaemic control is also associated with sensory and autonomic neuropathy.Case reportWe describe a case of generalized oedema occurring in a 20‐year‐old, low body weight patient with Type 1 diabetes with poor glycaemic control 3 days following commencement of an insulin pump; blood sugars had dramatically improved with this treatment. Alternative causes for oedema were excluded. Oedema slowly improved with insulin dose reduction with higher blood sugar targets plus frusemide treatment. Subsequent to oedema resolution, the patient unfortunately developed generalized neuropathic pain, thought to be another manifestation of rapid improvement in glycaemic control.ConclusionCaution should be taken when a patient with diabetes that is poorly controlled has an escalation in therapy that may dramatically improve their blood sugar levels; this includes the initiation of an insulin pump. Clinicians and patients should be aware of the potential risk of insulin oedema, treatment‐induced neuropathy and worsening of diabetic retinopathy in the setting of rapid improvement in glycaemic control.
Developmental expression and evolution of muscle‐specific microRNAs conserved in vertebrates
Authors: Tani Saori , Kuraku Shigehiro , Sakamoto Hiroshi , Inoue Kunio , Kusakabe Rie 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYmicroRNAs (miRs) are small non‐coding RNA molecules expressed in a tissue‐specific manner in numerous organisms. Among them, miR‐1, miR‐206, and miR‐133, which are encoded as bicistronic gene clusters in the genome, play major roles in the control of vertebrate myogenesis. To address how the gene organization and function of these miRs evolved, we identified their homologues in the cyclostomes, the chondrichthyans and the teleosts, and examined their patterns of expression during development. It was suggested that the chondrichthyans and the cyclostome lampreys possess fewer miR‐1/miR‐133 genes than the medaka. The medaka additionally possessed the miR‐206 gene which was not found in the genomes of chondrichthyans and lampreys. In contrast, the number and genomic organization of medaka miR‐1(206)/miR‐133 were similar to those found in mammals. In the lamprey, shark and medaka, miR‐1 and miR‐133 were expressed in both skeletal and cardiac muscle cells in adults, a developmental feature traced back to chordate invertebrates such as ascidians. We further examined the expression of these miRs in different muscle tissues in medaka embryos. miR‐206 was expressed in both the tail and pectoral fin muscles, whereas miR‐1, which shares the similar nucleotide sequence with miR‐206, was not detectable in the embryonic pectoral fins. Comparison of the relative positions with the neighboring protein‐coding genes showed high conservation of synteny between the miR‐1(206)/miR‐133 clusters in a single species, as well as across the vertebrate taxa. Our results suggest that, after the gene duplications, these muscle‐specific miRs acquired differential regulatory functions and have contributed to the establishment of diverse and complex musculature of vertebrates.