bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of black Aspergilli in indoor environments of six countries
Authors: Varga János , Kocsubé Sándor , Szigeti Gyöngyi , Baranyi Nikolett , Vágvölgyi Csaba , Jakšić Despot Daniela , Magyar Donát , Meijer Martin , Samson Robert A. , Šegvić Klarić Maja 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Black Aspergilli (Aspergillus section Nigri) are widely distributed in various habitats. They act as food spoilage organisms, human pathogens, and mycotoxin producers and are frequently encountered in indoor environments. Black Aspergilli, specifically A. niger, A. welwitschiae, and A. carbonarius, produce different ochratoxins and fumonisins. Ochratoxins are known to induce renal disorders following inhalation, which necessitates the determination of potential mycotoxin-producing species in our environment. This paper aimed to compare the diversity and species distribution of black Aspergilli in the indoor environments of six different countries using morphological and molecular methods. A total of 178 black Aspergillus isolates were identified from six countries. In contrast with results from previous studies, A. niger was not the only black Aspergillus detected in indoor air. Species distribution differed among countries, although the distribution in European countries (Croatia, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Turkey) with a temperate climate was considerably similar. The highest species diversity was observed in indoor samples from Thailand, while the lowest was found in Algeria. Potentially ochratoxin- and fumonisin-producing fungi were detected in the indoor air of all six countries. Further studies need to clarify the effect of these fungi and their mycotoxins on human and animal health.
Using SSR to Evaluate the Genetic Diversity of Potato Cultivars from Yunnan Province (SW China)
Authors: Liao Hong , Guo Huachun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The genetic diversity of potato cultivars collected from Yunnan Province was evaluated using 24 pairs of SSR markers. SSR analysis of 24 pairs of primers showed varying degrees of polymorphism among the 85 cultivars: 297 of the 304 bands were polymorphic. The primers yielded between 5 (STM2028) and 19 (StI029) bands (mean 12). The ratio of polymorphic bands ranged from 83.33% to 100% (mean 97.75%). Polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 69.31% to 93.67% (mean 86.47%). Genetic similarity ranged from 0.5987 to 0.7632, indicating relatively low genetic diversity in the potato cultivars from Yunnan Province. Cluster analysis by UPGMA and PCA clearly delineated the genetic relationships of all cultivars; 83 of the 85 cultivars could be discriminated by only two pairs of primers, STM0030 and STM1104. The high polymorphism and good resolution of the primers used in this study make them good tools for discriminating potato cultivars.
Evaluation of genotypic response of kabuli chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) cultivars to irrigation regimes in northwest of iran
Authors: Pasandi Mokhtar , Janmohammadi Mohsen , Karimizadeh Rahmatollah 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Water deficiency is commonly the most important yield -restraining factor in semi-arid and Mediterranean environments. Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), which is one the main legume crops of the region, often experiences terminal drought. To investigate the response of chickpea genotypes to different irrigation levels, experiments were conducted in Maragheh, Northwest Iran. Three levels of irrigation including zero (rain-fed condition), full irrigation (enough water to fill the root zone profile) and two supplement irrigations (SIs) during flowering and grain filling stages were evaluated over 2013 growing season. Results revealed that plant height, canopy spread, primary and secondary branches, chlorophyll content, day to maturity, grain yield and yield components were significantly affected by irrigation regimes. However, there was no statistically significant difference between full irrigation and SI for number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100-grain weight, grain yield per unit area and grain filling rate. The seed yield of the genotypes when grown under the full irrigation condition increased at a rate of 58% over those in rain-fed condition. Investigation of grain yield and drought resistance indices revealed that FLIP 98-106C and Arman can be selected as the best tolerant genotypes to rain-fed condition. In general, under semi-arid conditions and where some limited water resources are available, SI could be an efficient management practice for alleviating the unfavourable effects of soil moisture stress on the yield of rain-fed chickpea during crucial reproductive growth stages.
On some Nonlinear Integral Inequalities for Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Kendre S.D. , Latpate S.G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we have stated and proved some results on nonlinear integral inequalities and its applications which provide an explicit bound on unknown function and can be used as a tool in the study of certain nonlinear retarded Volterra integral equations.
ENERGY USAGE OPTIMISATION IN SOUTH AFRICAN MINES
Authors: Hasan Ali , Twala Bhekisipho , Ouahada Khmaies , Marwala Tshilidzi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In recent years, South Africa has encountered a critical electricity supply which necessitated the implementation of demand-side management (DSM) projects. Load shifting and energy (EE) efficiency projects were introduced in mining sector to reduce the electricity usage during day peak time. As the compressed air networks and the water pumping systems are using large amounts of the mines’ electricity, possible ways were investigated and implemented to improve and optimise the energy consumption and to reduce the costs. Implementing DSM and EE in four different mines resulted in achieving the desired energy savings and load-shifting.
ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF GEOMETRICAL ELEMENTS FOR SETTING-OUT IN HORIZONTAL PLANE OF CONVEYING CHAMBERS AT THE BAUXITE MINE »KOSTURI« SREBRENICA
Authors: Milutinović Aleksandar , Ganić Aleksandar , Tokalić Rade 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Setting-out of objects on the exploitation field of the mine, both in surface mining and in the underground mines, is determined by the specified setting-out accuracy of reference points, which are best to define spatial position of the object projected. For the purpose of achieving of the specified accuracy, it is necessary to perform a priori accuracy assessment of parameters, which are to be used when performing setting-out. Based on the a priori accuracy assessment, verification of the quality of geometrical setting- -out elements specified in the layout; definition of the accuracy for setting-out of geometrical elements; selection of setting-out method; selection at the type and class of instruments and tools that need to be applied in order to achieve predefined accuracy. The paper displays the accuracy assessment of geometrical elements for setting-out of the main haul gallery, haul downcast and helical conveying downcasts in shape of an inclined helix in horizontal plane, using the example of the underground bauxite mine »Kosturi«, Srebrenica.
PREDICTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SYSTEM VIBRATION WITH ROCK BRITTLENESS INDEXES IN ROCK SAWING PROCESS
Authors: Mikaeil Reza , Ataei Mohammad , Ghadernejad Saleh , Sadegheslam Golsa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The system vibration is a very significant measure of the sawing performance, because it indicates the amount of energy required to saw the rock. The maintenance cost of system is also dependant on system vibration. A few increases in system vibration cause a huge increase in the maintenance cost of the system. In this paper, the vibration of system in terms of RMSa was investigated and models for estimation of vibration by means of rock brittleness indexes and operational specifications were designed via statistical models and multiple curvilinear regression analysis. In this study, the relationships between rock brittleness indexes and operational specifications were investigated by regression analysis in statistical package for social science (SPSS) and the results of determination coefficients have been presented. In the second part, the diagrams show that a point lying on the line indicates an exact estimation. In the plot for model, the points are scattered uniformly about the diagonal line, suggesting that the models are good. It is very useful to evaluate the vibration of system and select the suitable operational characteristics by only some mechanical properties of rock.
WATERPROOF ANTI-EXPLOSIVE POWDERS FOR COAL MINES
Authors: Buczek Bronisław , Vogt Elżbieta 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Limestone powder characterized by hydrophobic properties is used as an anti-explosive agent in coal mining industry. Unfortunately, the standard method of producing such powder by milling limestone with stearic acid is practically unprofitable in many modernized quarries and plants, and sometimes literally impossible due to the introduction of technological changes and implementation of modern mills. Then new methods of hydrophobization of limestone surfaces ought be searched. In the work two methods hydrophobization: from the stearic acid vapour phase and from silicone solutions are proposed.
Lime dust from the Czatkowice Quarry of Lime was used as a raw material during investigations. It is a good agent for research because it is possible to compare the properties of samples modified in this work to the properties of anti-explosive lime powder (Polish Standard, 1994) used in mining industry in Poland.
The first technique of limestone powder hydrophobization was carried out in an apparatus of own design (Vogt, 2008, 2011), and it consisted in free sedimentation of the powder layer dispersed by stearic acid vapour in powder counter current flow. The second way of modification consisted in mixing in the evaporating dish substrates: limestone powder and dope - silicone solution - Sarsil® H-15 (Vogt & Opaliński, 2009; Vogt & Hołownia, 2010). Evaluation of properties so-obtained waterproof powders was carried out according to the Polish Standard, as well as using original powder determination ways, with the Powder Characteristic Tester (Index tables, Tablets & Capsules, 2005). Moreover water vapour adsorption isotherms were obtained and the thermal decomposition of powder was made. All modified samples acquired the hydrophobic character. Therefore we can state that the both proposed methods of hydrophobization of the limestone powder are useful. The parameters obtained with the use of Powder Characteristics Tester enable us to make a characterization of limestone properties not only as a water resistant material but also from the cohesion point of view. On the base of TG, DTG or DTA and EGA curves for all investigated materials was stated that the character of the thermal decomposition of modified samples is the same as this one for raw powder, what is profitable for application of hydrophobized powders as an anti-explosive agent.
ESTIMATION OF THE COST OF EQUITY FOR MINING COMPANIES USING THE P-LEFAC METHOD
Authors: Ranosz Robert 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article describes one of the methods of estimating the cost of equity, namely the LEFAC method. The name of the method is an acronym of the names of individual financial categories: L - Liquidity, E - Earnings, F - Franchise, A - Assets, C - Capital. It is a scoring method similar to the way used by ING Financial Markets to estimate share prices. A review of literature shows that this method is not widely known and used by enterprises, but it has certain advantages which justify its use. Its main advantages include its easy use and the stability of the results obtained: the calculated cost of equity is never lower than the adopted risk-free rate. The method is particularly useful for companies (enterprises) not listed on stock exchanges. This article is divided into five parts: an introduction, the LEFAC method, the parameterization of the LEFAC method (P-LEFAC), an example calculation and a summary. The second part of this article characterises the LEFAC method. In the third part, the method is parameterized to obtain a function described by formula 22. The following section contains an example calculation for KGHM S.A. and also presents results which mining companies would achieve if they used the discussed method to calculate the cost of their equity. The calculations were performed for mining companies listed on the Warsaw Stocks Exchange and unlisted ones. This part of the article also contains a short comparison of results obtained using the CAPM method and the discussed model. The last section consists of a summary presenting final conclusions. The article ends in a list of the literature referred to.
METHODOLOGY OF CALCULATION THE TERMINAL SETTLING VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION OF SPHERICAL PARTICLES FOR HIGH VALUES OF THE REYNOLD’S NUMBER
Authors: Surowiak Agnieszka , Brożek Marian 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The particle settling velocity is the feature of separation in such processes as flowing classification and jigging. It characterizes material forwarded to the separation process and belongs to the so-called complex features because it is the function of particle density and size. i.e. the function of two simple features. The affiliation to a given subset is determined by the values of two properties and the distribution of such feature in a sample is the function of distributions of particle density and size. The knowledge about distribution of particle settling velocity in jigging process is as much important factor as knowledge about particle size distribution in screening or particle density distribution in dense media beneficiation.
The paper will present a method of determining the distribution of settling velocity in the sample of spherical particles for the turbulent particle motion in which the settling velocity is expressed by the Newton formula. Because it depends on density and size of particle which are random variable of certain distributions, the settling velocity is a random variable. Applying theorems of probability, concerning distributions function of random variables, the authors present general formula of probability density function of settling velocity for the turbulent motion and particularly calculate probability density function for Weibull’s forms of frequency functions of particle size and density. Distribution of settling velocity will calculate numerically and perform in graphical form.
The paper presents the simulation of calculation of settling velocity distribution on the basis of real distributions of density and projective diameter of particles assuming that particles are spherical.
The surface texture of hardened 18crmo4 steel after turning with plunge feed
Authors: Pytlak Bogusław 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A research results of surface texture after finish turning operation with plunge feed of hardened 18CrMo4 steel with use of cubical boron nitride (CBN) inserts having Wiper geometry are presented in this paper. The research was conducted according to Taguchi methodology, especially for mating of the machined surface with radial shaft seals. Next, the surface after finish turning with plunge feed was compared with the surface after plunge grinding, while assessment indicators used to this purpose testify a substantial similarity of the two surfaces.
Effect of selenium supplementation in pig feed on slaughter value and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat
Authors: Lisiak Dariusz , Janiszewski Piotr , Blicharski Tadeusz , Borzuta Karol , Grześkowiak Eugenia , Lisiak Beata , Powałowski Krzysztof , Samardakiewicz Łukasz , Batorska Martyna , Skrzymowska Katarzyna , Hammermeister Anna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the assimilability of organic and inorganic selenium supplied as an additive to pig feed. The influence of both selenium forms on pig slaughter value as well as on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat was also examined (experiment I). An attempt to establish the distribution of selenium in the body of experimental fatteners was made (experiment II). Experiment I was performed on 20 carcasses of crossbred pigs of (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace) × Duroc genotype and experiment II was carried out on 45 samples of longissimus and semimembranosus muscles taken from fatteners of the same genotype (PLW × PL × Duroc). The results obtained indicated that selenium supplementation in the diet had no impact on slaughter performance, meat quality and most physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat. Selenium was found to have no significant effect on meat colour. The meat water holding capacity (WHC) was lower in the group of pigs fed organic selenium. The highest selenium concentration was found in the semimembranosus muscle of fatteners receiving the inorganic selenium additive.
Effect of Biolactin administered per os on survivability and body weight of piglets
Authors: Gajda Barbara , Szczęśniak-Fabiańczyk Barbara , Mandryk Izabela , Poniedziałek-Kempny Katarzyna , Ryszka Florian , Dolińska Barbara , Leszczyńska Lucyna , Smorąg Zdzisław 
Published: May 2014

Abstract Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone synthesized in and secreted predominantly by lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone has been found to stimulate the immune system in animals. Because prolactin secreted in milk by the mother’s body is often insufficient, the administration of exogenous prolactin may significantly contribute to improving the health and growth of piglets. The aim of the study was to determine the dose of prolactin administered to newborn piglets to improve their survivability and growth rate. The study used Biolactin solution, produced on a semi-technical scale by FZNP Biochefa, which was administered per os to newborn piglets at a dose of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg PRL/kg body weight. NaCl physiological saline was used as a control. The number of piglets born alive, piglet body weight and mortality from birth to 21 and 28 days of age (weaning) were monitored. The study involved 98 litters (1197 piglets), which were divided into 3 experimental and 3 control groups. The experiment showed a positive effect of exogenous prolactin administered to newborn piglets on reducing their mortality and on increasing their birth to weaning growth rate. A dose of 0.5 mg PRL/kg body weight turned out to be optimal.
Ammonia emissions from dairy cattle manure under variable ventilation rates
Authors: Bagdonienė Indrė , Bleizgys Rolandas 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe effect of variable ventilation rates on ammonia emission rates from manure was determined through mass flow measurements in a laboratory test unit and the possibility of reducing ammonia emissions by regulating the intensity of the ventilation in cowsheds. The air exchange rate represents an important determinant of ammonia emissions. A 4.5 times increase in ventilation rate causes ammonia emission to increase by 1.7-2.5 times. The effect of ventilation rate on ammonia emission from manure was found to increase under the condition of extremely high airflow rates, i.e. over 250 m3 h-1 m-2. Under the recommended ventilation rate of 105-420 m3 h-1 per cow, ammonia emission will vary from 2016 to 3195 mg h-1, respectively. The ammonia emissions can be significantly reduced in dairy cattle barns by reducing ventilation rates provided the air quality indicators remain in conformity with the requirements. The ammonia emissions can also be reduced in barns by controlling and diverting air flows inside the barns by preventing the clean air from reaching fresh manure as much as possible while reducing the vertical concentration gradient of ammonia.
Preliminary study on serological, molecular, histological and clinical evidence of Chlamydia spp. in Polish swine herds
Authors: Rypuła Krzysztof , Porowski Mateusz , Nowak Marcin , Kumala Aleksandra , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Płoneczka-Janeczko Katarzyna , Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika , Pejsak Zygmunt 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of Chlamydia spp. in Polish swine herds by using serological, molecular, and histological methods as well as by clinical manifestation of the suspected infection when reproductive disorders were taken into account. The seroprevalence among examined animals was 5.65% (96/1698), whereas molecular assessment of the pathogen was negative (0/298). The results of our investigation showed that Chlamydia spp. infection in swine may be suspected more often based on clinical manifestation or histological examination than serological or molecular methods.
Enhancing The Nutritional Value of Poultry Feedstuffs Using The Example of Rapeseed Products – A Review
Authors: Kozłowski Krzysztof , Jeroch Heinz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This paper outlines the main goals and methods for improving the nutritional value of poultry diets. The benefits of various processing techniques are demonstrated using the example of rapeseed and rapeseed by-products, i.e. rapeseed cake and rapeseed meal. The progress made in plant breeding in the past decades led to a significant reduction in the content of anti-nutritional factors and ingredients which reduce the nutritional value of feed. Rapeseed by-products have become a valuable source of protein for feedstuffs, and they can be safely used in poultry rations at high inclusion rates. Mechanical treatments, such as rapeseed hulling, and enzyme supplementation (phytases, carbohydrases) also significantly increase the nutritional value of feed ingredients. Further research is needed to tap into the new opportunities for improving the nutritional value of feedstuffs
Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biomass for Energy and Crop Production
Authors: Reza M. Toufiq , Andert Janet , Wirth Benjamin , Busch Daniela , Pielert Judith , Lynam Joan G. , Mumme Jan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a thermochemical pretreatment process where biomass is treated under hot compressed water to produce hydrochar. Hydrochar is a stable, hydrophobic, friable solid product, which has a fuel value similar to that of lignite coal. Among its other advantages, its capability to handle wet feed makes the HTC process most attractive. The complex reaction chemistry of HTC offers a huge potential for producing a variety of products, from fuel to supercapacitors, from carbon nanospheres to low cost adsorbents, from fertilizers to soil amenders. Hydrochar opens possibilities for replacing coal in existing coal-power plants. Its high surface area and adsorption characteristics make it compatible for use in supercapacitors. Hydrochar also contains high amounts of stable carbon and other nutrients, which are essential for soil amendment. Moreover, the HTC process liquid, especially if a short retention time is used, contains potentially toxic substances like phenols, furfurals, and their derivatives, which open opportunities for anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. This review paper gives an overview of the HTC process parameters, reactions, and the use of hydrochar for energy and crop production
Effect of Selected Ecological Lubricants on the Wear of Defined Sliding Bearing
Authors: Tóth František , Rusnák Juraj , Kadnár Milan , Čavojský Pavol 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The presented contribution deals with the comparison of selected ecological oils of the same viscosity class in terms of wear of the sliding bearing B 60 M4 as part of the matched sliding pair lubricated by ecological lubricant. The wear of the sliding bearing is monitored using the parameters; the change of geometric tolerance cylindricity having the most indicative capability about the size and location of wear. The second parameter is weight loss, and the third parameter is the change of surface roughness at the contact point of friction elements. Results are statistically processed and presented in the form of graphs and tables.