bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Knowing One’s Elevated Glycemic Status Make a Difference in Macronutrient Intake?
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara H. , Cogswell Mary E. , Gregg Edward W. , Williams Desmond E. , Zhang Zefeng , Geiss Linda S. 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether macronutrient intake differs by awareness of glycemic status among people with diabetes and prediabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We used 24-h dietary recall and other data from 3,725 nonpregnant adults with diabetes or prediabetes aged ≥20 years from the morning fasting sample of the 2005–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Diabetes and prediabetes awareness were self-reported; those unaware of diabetes and prediabetes were defined by fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL or HbA1c ≥6.5% and FPG 100–125 mg/dL or HbA1c of 5.7%–6.4%, respectively. Components of nutrient intake on a given day assessed were total calories, sugar, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, fat, and total cholesterol, stratified by sex and glycemic status awareness. Estimates of nutrient intake were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education level, BMI, smoking status, and family history of diabetes.

RESULTS
Men with diagnosed diabetes consumed less sugar (mean 86.8 vs. 116.8 g) and carbohydrates (mean 235.0 vs. 262.1 g) and more protein (mean 92.3 vs. 89.7 g) than men with undiagnosed diabetes. Similarly, women with diagnosed diabetes consumed less sugar (mean 79.1 vs. 95.7 g) and more protein (mean 67.4 vs. 56.6 g) than women with undiagnosed diabetes. No significant differences in macronutrient intake were found by awareness of prediabetes. All participants, regardless of sex or glycemic status, consumed on average less than the American Diabetes Association recommendations for fiber intake (i.e., 14 g/1,000 kcal) and slightly more saturated fat than recommended (&gt;10% of total kcal).

CONCLUSIONS
Screening and subsequent knowledge of glycemic status may favorably affect some dietary patterns for people with diabetes.
What is the role of cyclic di-GMP signaling within the human gut microbiome?
Authors: Rudlaff Rachel M. , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThere is currently little understanding of the role of the bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in the human gut microbiome. C-di-GMP is synthesized by highly conserved diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and degraded by highly conserved phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. To begin to assess the prevalence of c-di-GMP signaling in the gut microbiome, we found on average 1.0 DGC and 0.8 PDE enzymes per million base pairs of metagenomic DNA derived from stool samples. Specific species encoding substantial numbers of GGDEF and EAL domains were the commensal species
Managing Customer Participation and Customer Interactions in Service Delivery: the Case of Museums and Educational Services
Authors: Amorim Marlene , Rosa Maria João , Santos Sandra 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background and Purpose – In this study we investigate determinants of customers’ quality perceptions in service processes which involve customer participation and customer to customer interaction (CCI). Building on existing multidimensional approaches to service quality we explore relevant quality aspects for related to the performance customer participation and CCI.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The study builds on focus groups conduct with employees and customers of a leading provider of educational and science services, which offered a portfolio of service activities requiring very diverse levels of customer participation and CCI, to characterize service quality dimensions.

Results – The study distinguishes three dimensions of service delivery quality: a dimension related to the providers’ direct performance; a second dimension relative to the performance of customers’ own participation in service activities, and a third dimension relative to the interaction with other customers. The work extends service quality literature by identifying new dimensions which affect service quality in service settings with active customer involvement.

Conclusion – Service providers have been developing very diverse delivery processes, frequently inviting customers to have active roles in service production. Often, customers also interact with other costumers in service delivery. The paper provides a contribution to foster the debate about service quality frameworks, and aims to inform the design and the management of services where customer participation and CCI have a key role.
The Concept of Communities of Practice on the Example of IT Sector
Authors: Sztangret Izabela 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background: A growing interest in the concept of communities of practice (CoP) has been recently observed in several academic fields. They include organizational studies (the topics of knowledge management and organizational learning in particular) and education. However, the notion is used in various contexts. It is sometimes perceived as a social construct, but at some other times as a virtual community or informal group sponsored by an organization for the purpose of making it easier to share knowledge or learn.

Objectives: The main aims of the paper are: 1) to identify the main characteristics of the CoP in IT sector, 2) to identify and describe the knowledge management tools used by CoP, 3) and to identify and analyse customer knowledge of CoP.

Method: The research assumed an exploratory character. The case study and survey methods with application of structured questionnaire were used.

Results: The CoP is little effective form of stimulating business processes and market, despite application of a broad range of activities undertaken for the purpose of creation of the so-called knowledge communities by the entities of IT sector and internet activity declared by respondents.

Conclusion: Poor knowledge of CoP as well as the awareness of participation in its structures among the recipients, who are additionally active users of new technologies including mostly the Internet, may also be caused by the lack of experience in the sphere of studied knowledge-based relationships or priority character of ventures of directly measurable business results. Determinants of CoP creation and directions of its development may constitute an interesting area for further studies.
Refractive Versus Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in Cataract Surgery: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Xu Xian , Zhu Ming-Ming , Zou Hai-Dong 
Published: September 2014

PURPOSE:
To compare the effectiveness of refractive multifocal intraocular lenses (MIOLs [refractive MIOL group]) versus diffractive MIOLs (diffractive MIOL group) in bilateral cataract surgery.

METHODS:
Data sources, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, were used to identify potentially relevant randomized controlled trials. Eight qualified studies incorporating 1,242 eyes of 621 patients were analyzed using Rev-Manager version 5.2 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, England). The primary measures included uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuity. Reading ability, spectacle independence, and occurrence of photic phenomena were also addressed.

RESULTS:

The refractive MIOL group exhibited better uncorrected distance visual acuity than the diffractive MIOL group (weighted mean difference [WMD] = −0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.06 to −0.02,
P
< .01). However, the diffractive MIOL group performed better than the refractive MIOL group in uncorrected near visual acuity, reading acuity, reading speed, smallest print size, spectacle independence, halo, and glare rate (WMD = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.17,
P
< .01; WMD = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.19,
P
< .01; WMD = −24.14, 95% CI: −43.56 to −4.72,
P
= .01; WMD = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.69,
P
< .01; WMD = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.70,
P
< .01; WMD = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.93,
P
= .002; WMD = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.75,
P
= .006, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (WMD = −0.04, 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.00,
P
= .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Refractive MIOLs can provide better distance vision, whereas diffractive MIOLs provide better near vision, reading ability, and equivalent intermediate vision, reduce unwanted photic phenomena, and allow greater spectacle independence.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(9):634–644.]
Improved Arterial Blood Oxygenation following Intravenous Infusion of Cold Supersaturated Dissolved Oxygen Solution
Authors: Grady Daniel J. , Gentile Michael A. , Riggs John H. , Cheifetz Ira M. 
Published: September 2014

Background One of the primary goals of critical care medicine is to support adequate gas exchange without iatrogenic sequelae. An emerging method of delivering supplemental oxygen is intravenously rather than via the traditional inhalation route. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas-exchange effects of infusing cold intravenous (IV) fluids containing very high partial pressures of dissolved oxygen (>760 mm Hg) in a porcine model. Methods Juvenile swines were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Each animal received an infusion of cold (13 °C) Ringer's lactate solution (30 mL/kg/hour), which had been supersaturated with dissolved oxygen gas (39.7 mg/L dissolved oxygen, 992 mm Hg, 30.5 mL/L). Arterial blood gases and physiologic measurements were repeated at 15-minute intervals during a 60-minute IV infusion of the supersaturated dissolved oxygen solution. Each animal served as its own control. Results Five swines (12.9 ∓ 0.9 kg) were studied. Following the 60-minute infusion, there were significant increases in PaO2 and SaO2 (P < 0.05) and a significant decrease in PaCO2 (P < 0.05), with a corresponding normalization in arterial blood pH. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in core body temperature (P < 0.05) when compared to the baseline preinfusion state. Conclusions A cold, supersaturated dissolved oxygen solution may be intravenously administered to improve arterial blood oxygenation and ventilation parameters and induce a mild therapeutic hypothermia in a porcine model.
The use of smartphones on General Internal Medicine wards
Authors: Morra D. , Lo V. , Quan S. , Wu R. , Tran K. 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Objective: To describe the uses of institutional and personal smartphones on General Internal Medicine wards and highlight potential consequences from their use.
Methods: A mixed methods study consisting of both quantitative and qualitative research methods was conducted in General Internal Medicine wards across four academic teaching hospitals in Toronto, Ontario. Participants included medical students, residents, attending physicians and allied health professionals. Data collection consisted of work shadowing observations, semi-structured interviews and surveys.
Results: Personal smartphones were used for both clinical communication and non-work-related activities. Clinicians used their personal devices to communicate with their medical teams and with other medical specialties and healthcare professionals. Participants understood the risks associated with communicating confidential health information via their personal smartphones, but appear to favor efficiency over privacy issues. From survey responses, 9 of 23 residents (39%) reported using their personal cell phones to email or text patient information that may have contained patient identifiers. Although some residents were observed using their personal smartphones for non-work-related activities, personal use was infrequent and most residents did not engage in this activity.
Conclusion: Clinicians are using personal smartphones for work-related purposes on the wards. With the increasing popularity of smartphone devices, it is anticipated that an increasing number of clinicians will use their personal smartphones for clinical work. This trend poses risks to the secure transfer of confidential personal health information and may lead to increased distractions for clinicians.
Citation: Tran K, Morra D, Lo V, Quan S, Wu R. The use of smartphones on General Internal Medicine wards: A mixed methods study. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 814–823http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-02-RA-0011
O PROBLEMA DA ADEQUAÇÃO DOS PARÂMETROS DO QUADRO EUROPEU COMUM DE REFERÊNCIA E "A NECESSIDADE DE EMERGIR COMO OS OUTROS DE NÓS MESMOS”
Authors: Nunes Elaine Roschel , Lorke Franziska 
Published: September 2014

Há muito tempo, aprender uma língua não significa mais decorar vocábulos e usá-los de acordo com o enunciado do exercício. A comunicação, a mediação lingüística e a competência cultural são alguns aspectos em evidência na presente fase do ensino de línguas estrangeiras. Todos estes termos vêm sendo levantados dentro de um contexto histórico-cultural específico, onde as fronteiras e identidades são repensadas. Em meio aos novos desafios deste momento histórico, o professor de alemão como língua estrangeira no Brasil se depara com a fixidez, ainda presente, na determinação das diretrizes para o desenvolvimento de seu trabalho. A proposta deste artigo é apresentar as recomendações do Quadro Comum Europeu de Referência (doravante: QCER) a serem aplicadas no ensino de alemão em contexto brasileiro e discutir as seguintes questões:- Quais os objetivos gerais do QCER e quais as vantagens e desvantagens para a aplicabilidade do Quadro no contexto sul - brasileiro? - Partindo da visão pós-colonial, que tipo de reflexões e questionamentos devem estar presentes durante a determinação dos objetivos educacionais com base em um quadro europeu implantado em solo brasileiro?Como base para nossa discussão, utilizaremos como referência os conceitos da obra de Homi K. Bhabha (2010), com foco no contexto do ensino de alemão como língua estrangeira.Palavras-chave: Quadro Comum Europeu de Referências, diversidade, ensino de alemão.
Xiphoid Process-Derived Chondrocytes: A Novel Cell Source for Elastic Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Nam Seungwoo , Cho Wheemoon , Cho Hyunji , Lee Jungsun , Lee EunAh , Son Youngsook 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Reconstruction of elastic cartilage requires a source of chondrocytes that display a reliable differentiation tendency. Predetermined tissue progenitor cells are ideal candidates for meeting this need; however, it is difficult to obtain donor elastic cartilage tissue because most elastic cartilage serves important functions or forms external structures, making these tissues indispensable. We found vestigial cartilage tissue in xiphoid processes and characterized it as hyaline cartilage in the proximal region and elastic cartilage in the distal region. Xiphoid process-derived chondrocytes (XCs) showed superb in vitro expansion ability based on colony-forming unit fibroblast assays, cell yield, and cumulative cell growth. On induction of differentiation into mesenchymal lineages, XCs showed a strong tendency toward chondrogenic differentiation. An examination of the tissue-specific regeneration capacity of XCs in a subcutaneous-transplantation model and autologous chondrocyte implantation model confirmed reliable regeneration of elastic cartilage regardless of the implantation environment. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that xiphoid process cartilage, the only elastic cartilage tissue source that can be obtained without destroying external shape or function, is a source of elastic chondrocytes that show superb in vitro expansion and reliable differentiation capacity. These findings indicate that XCs could be a valuable cell source for reconstruction of elastic cartilage.
Microfluidic Isolation of CD34-Positive Skin Cells Enables Regeneration of Hair and Sebaceous Glands In Vivo
Authors: Zhu Beili , Nahmias Yaakov , Yarmush Martin L. , Murthy Shashi K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Skin stem cells resident in the bulge area of hair follicles and at the basal layer of the epidermis are multipotent and able to self-renew when transplanted into full-thickness defects in nude mice. Based on cell surface markers such as CD34 and the α6-integrin, skin stem cells can be extracted from tissue-derived cell suspensions for engraftment using the gold standard cell separation technique of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This paper describes an alternative separation method using microfluidic devices coated with degradable antibody-functionalized hydrogels. The microfluidic method allows direct injection of tissue digestate (no preprocessing tagging of cells is needed), is fast (45 minutes from injected sample to purified cells), and scalable. This method is used in this study to isolate CD34-positive (CD34+) cells from murine skin tissue digestate, and the functional capability of these cells is demonstrated by transplantation into nude mice using protocols developed by other groups for FACS-sorted cells. Specifically, the transplantation of microfluidic isolated CD34+ cells along with dermal and epidermal cells was observed to generate significant levels of hair follicles and sebaceous glands consistent with those observed previously with FACS-sorted cells.
Motivation for cribbing by horses
Authors: Houpt KA 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe motivation to crib was compared to the motivation to eat. Eight horses(Equus caballus)were operantly conditioned to push a switch for the opportunity to crib. When a progressive ratio was imposed, they worked as hard for a cribbing opportunity as for the opportunity to eat sweetened grain indicating a high demand. Another measure of motivation is the effort expended by the animal. The force exerted when a horse cribs was measured by attaching weights to a door and observing how heavy the weights had to be to prevent the horse from pulling a door toward itself when it cribbed. Seven horses were tested. Each neck flex of a crib-biting action was forceful enough to lift 29.4 (±5) kg. The motivation to crib and the force involved indicates that thwarting cribbing is a welfare issue.
The post-release fate of hand-reared orphaned bats: survival and habitat selection
Authors: Serangeli MT , Cistrone L , Ancillotto L , Tomassini A , Russo D 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough bats are frequently admitted to rescue centres — mainly as orphans — very little information is available on their survival after release. Our study answered the following questions: i) do hand-reared bats survive over a short time; ii) which activities and habitat selection do they exhibit; iii) are bats loyal to the release area; and iv) are they able to join local colonies? We radio-tracked 21 hand-rearedPipistrellus kuhliiover a two-year period released on a site that differed from that where they were rescued. At the study site they were provided with the same bat boxes used in the rehabilitation room. Nineteen bats were confirmed to survive, stay in the area and actively forage over 4-14 days. Fourteen day roosts in buildings (nine of which hosted a local colony) were used by 12 subjects. Bats travelled less than 5 km in total each night; their most frequent activity was night roosting, followed by foraging and commuting. We recorded typical foraging behaviour, including hunting around street lamps at sites exploited by many conspecifics. A comparison of habitats available within individual home ranges with those within the study area showed that urban areas, riparian vegetation and farmland were equally important and preferred to woodland. When the foraging time spent in each habitat was compared with habitat composition within individual home ranges or within the study area, urban sites were preferred for foraging over all other habitats, followed by farmland and woodland and finally riparian vegetation. Overall, we showed that hand-raised orphanedP. kuhliimay readily adapt to environments they are not familiar with, exhibit a high short-term survival and select key resources in the release area, provided appropriate rehabilitation and training techniques are adopted.
Une introduction musicologique à la recherche « mathémusicale » : aspects théoriques et enjeux épistémologiques
Authors: Andreatta Moreno 
Published: September 2014

Cette contribution se propose de présenter certains aspects théoriques et discuter quelques enjeux épistémologiques des recherches menées par l’auteur dans le domaine des rapports entre mathématiques et musique. Après une introduction générale sur le contexte de la recherche « mathémusicale » à l’Ircam et la place du projet misa (Modélisation informatique des structures algébriques en musique) au sein des activités de recherche de l’équipe Représentations musicales, nous discutons le problème de la formalisation algébrique de la théorie des ensembles de classes de hauteurs (Set Theory) et de la théorie transformationnelle (Transformational Theory), deux paradigmes analytiques dont nous avons étudié les aspects théoriques et computationnels à travers une démarche de modélisation informatique des structures et processus musicaux. L’analyse musicale basée sur les ensembles de classes de hauteurs et leurs transformations soulève des questions philosophiques intéressantes, notamment dans ses rapports avec la phénoménologie et les sciences cognitives. En particulier, en confrontant notre point de vue musicologique avec la phénoménologie, nous pouvons avancer l’hypothèse d’une pertinence de la catégorie de « structuralisme phénoménologique » dans une relecture/réactivation de la tradition structurale en analyse musicale.
Foreshock activity related to enhanced aftershock production
Authors: Marsan D. , Helmstetter A. , Bouchon M. , Dublanchet P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractForeshock activity sometimes precedes the occurrence of large earthquakes, but the nature of this seismicity is still debated, and whether it marks transient deformation and/or slip nucleation is still unclear. We here study at the worldwide scale how foreshock occurrence affects the postseismic phase and find a significant positive correlation between foreshock and aftershock activities: earthquakes preceded by accelerating seismicity rates produce 40% more aftershocks on average, and the length of the aftershock zone after 20 days is 20% larger. These observations cannot be reproduced by standard earthquake clustering models that predict the accelerating pattern of foreshock occurrence but not its impact on aftershock activity. This strongly suggests that slow deformation transients, possibly related to episodic creep, could initiate prior to the main shock and extend past the coseismic phase, resulting in compound ruptures that include a very long period (up to tens of days) component.
Explosive dome eruptions modulated by periodic gas‐driven inflation
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey B. , Lyons J. J. , Andrews B. J. , Lees J. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractVolcan Santiaguito (Guatemala) “breathes” with extraordinary regularity as the edifice's conduit system accumulates free gas, which periodically vents to the atmosphere. Periodic pressurization controls explosion timing, which nearly always occurs at peak inflation, as detected with tiltmeters. Tilt cycles in January 2012 reveal regular 26 ± 6 min inflation/deflation cycles corresponding to at least ~101 kg/s of gas fluxing the system. Very long period (VLP) earthquakes presage explosions and occur during cycles when inflation rates are most rapid. VLPs locate ~300 m below the vent and indicate mobilization of volatiles, which ascend at ~50 m/s. Rapid gas ascent feeds pyroclast‐laden eruptions lasting several minutes and rising to ~1 km. VLPs are not observed during less rapid inflation episodes; instead, gas vents passively through the conduit producing no infrasound and no explosion. These observations intimate that steady gas exsolution and accumulation in shallow reservoirs may drive inflation cycles at open‐vent silicic volcanoes.