bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling Relationships in Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Caduff Marloes , Huijbregts Mark A.J. , Koehler Annette , Althaus Hans‐Jörg , Hellweg Stefanie 
Published: April 2014

SummaryLife cycle assessment (LCA) studies include a vast amount of different products. Often, extrapolations are necessary to obtain the life cycle inventory of a specific product. This article provides quantitative scaling factors with power (heat output) for product properties and life cycle impact assessment results of heat pump and biomass furnace technologies. Included in the study are 508 heat pumps and furnaces with differences in power over three orders of magnitude per product group. The key properties of the heat pump system were defined as mass, refrigerant use, and coefficient of performance. For the biomass furnaces, the key properties analyzed were mass, electrical input, and efficiency. The results indicated that both the mass and the refrigerant use increased subproportionally to power. For coefficient of performance and furnace efficiency, no scaling effect was found. Subproportional growth was found between two environmental impacts (global warming and ozone depletion) and power for the production phase. This scaling behavior was similar to conventional cost scaling. The results of our study imply that in LCA, scaling factors can be applied to estimate key properties and corresponding life cycle impact assessment results. This is particularly useful for prospective technology assessments with limited data available.
Impact of Updated Material Production Data in the GREET Life Cycle Model
Authors: De Kleine Robert D. , Keoleian Gregory A. , Miller Shelie A. , Burnham Andrew , Sullivan John L. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model developed by Argonne National Laboratory quantifies the life cycle energy consumption and air emissions resulting from the production and use of light‐duty vehicles in the United States. GREET is comprised of two components: GREET 1 represents the fuel cycle of various energy carriers, including automotive fuels, and GREET 2 represents the vehicle cycle, which accounts for the production of vehicles and their constituent materials. The GREET model was updated in 2012 and now includes higher‐resolution material processing and transformation data. This study evaluated how model updates influence material and vehicle life cycle results. First, new primary energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions results from GREET 2 for steel, aluminum, and plastics resins are compared herein with those from the previous version of the model as well as industrial results. A part of the comparison is a discussion about causes of differences between results. Included in this discussion is an assessment of the impact of the new material production data on vehicle life cycle results for conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles by comparing the energy and GHG emission values in the updated and previous versions of GREET 2. Finally, results from a sensitivity analysis are presented for identifying life cycle parameters that most affect vehicle life cycle estimates.
A Systematic Review on the Efficacy and Safety of Transcatheter Device Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD)
Authors: YANG LINQI , TAI BEE‐CHOO , KHIN LAY WAI , QUEK SWEE CHYE 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundAdvances in interventional techniques now allow for transcatheter treatment of some ventricular septal defects (VSD), although there remain concerns about adverse events. We performed a systematic review to look at outcomes and complications associated with transcatheter closure of VSD.MethodA PubMed search for series in English on device closure of VSD from 2003 to June 2012 was performed. We excluded small series that were included in multicenter studies and patients who had acquired VSD following myocardial infarction. The random effects model was used to obtain pooled estimates of success and complications.ResultsA total of 37 publications comprising 4,406 patients with VSD (perimembranous = 3,758, muscular = 419, intracristal = 47, doubly committed subarterial = 36, multiple = 16, postsurgical = 123, unclassified = 7) were included in this analysis. The age of patients ranged from 3 days to 84 years. The pooled estimate of successful device implantation was 96.6% (95% CI: 95.7–97.5). The most common complication is residual shunt (pooled estimated 25.5%; 95% CI: 18.9–32.1). Others included valvular defects (pooled estimate 4.9%; 95% CI: 3.4–6.4) and arrhythmias (pooled estimate 10.6%; 95% CI: 8.4–12.7).Discussion and ConclusionOur analysis suggests that transcatheter device closure of VSD is safe and yields good results. The limitations of this study are difficulties in analyzing different devices individually, and segregating the different VSD types. Further stratification by type of VSD, age of patients, and prevention of complications is needed before this can be recommended for routine treatment. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:260–272)
Novel Curved Balloon Catheter for Dilating Postoperative Angled Lesions Associated with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: KISE HIROAKI , MIYATA AKIRA , TOMITA HIDESHI , FUJII TAKANARI , FUJIMOTO KAZUTO , KIGUCHI HISAKO , OYAMA NOBUO , SOGA TAKASHI , HATA YOSHIHITO , HIRATA MASATAKA , ITOH ATSUSHI , ISHINO KOZO , HASEBE YOHEI , HOSHIAI MINAKO 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the surface stress generated by a novel curved balloon and assess its efficacy for treating angular lesions associated with congenital heart disease.BackgroundObstructions at the anastomosis of aortopulmonary shunts and cavopulmonary connections may occur postoperatively. Catheter interventions are often performed for such lesions; however, acute angulation may cause balloon slippage or inappropriate stress on the vessel wall.MethodsWe dilated the curved balloon in a curved vessel model and measured the resultant wall stress and its distribution. Clinical evaluations were performed using this balloon in angled lesions.ResultsIn the curved vessel model, curved balloons generated uniform stress on the lesser and greater curvatures (curved type, lesser/greater = 0.343 MPa/0.327 MPa; P = 0.61), whereas straight balloons caused disproportionate stress (straight type, lesser/greater = 0.358 MPa/0.254 MPa; P = 0.19). However, the difference in average stress was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the stress was uniform along the entire length of the curved balloon, but differed between the mid and end portions of the straight balloon. Curved balloon dilations were performed for 10 lesions in 7 patients. The curved balloon conformed well to the angulated lesion without slipping. The median percent change in the minimal lumen diameter (MLD) was 64% (range, 0–206%). In 5 lesions, MLD increased by ≥50%. Oxygen saturation increased by 5% (0–9%).ConclusionsAlthough further clinical evaluation is necessary, this novel curved balloon may be a reasonable alternative in angled lesions, providing better conformability and preventing excessive stress to the vessel wall adjacent to the stenosis. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:408–413)
The Association of Angiographic Collaterals with Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Stable Angina
Authors: SCHUTT ROBERT C. , YOUNG SHIU M. , LIU LING , LIPSON LEWIS C. , KEELEY ELLEN C. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of coronary collaterals in stable angina.BackgroundWhether spontaneously visible coronary collaterals are associated with long‐term clinical outcomes in stable angina remains unclear.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients with stable angina referred for coronary angiography and followed them clinically for 1 year.ResultsA total of 1,134 consecutive patients were enrolled, and of these, 550 had at least single‐vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and were included. Patients with collaterals had more congestive heart failure (16% vs. 9%, P = 0.023), peripheral vascular disease (22% vs. 15%, P = 0.044), and 2‐vessel (36% vs. 26%) and 3‐vessel (28% vs. 10%) CAD compared to those without collaterals (P < 0.001). Patients with collaterals were less likely to undergo percutaneous intervention at the time of the index angiogram (32% vs. 61%, P < 0.001). At 1 year, there were no differences in angina (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.50–1.10; P = 0.141), myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.46–3.21; P = 0.691), revascularization (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55–1.30; P = 0.431), death (HR 1.83, 95% CI 0.63–5.31; P = 0.269), or the combined end‐point of death, MI, and revascularization (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.61–1.24; P = 0.426) between patients with and without collaterals. When analyzed according to collateral grade, patients with Rentrop grade 1 had less angina (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.26–0.89; P = 0.019).ConclusionsAt 1 year, there was no difference in adverse events between patients with or without collaterals. The presence of Rentrop grade 1 collaterals, however, was associated with significantly less angina. (J Interven Cardiol 2014;27:225–232)
Acceptability of Information Management Strategies: Adolescents' and Parents' Judgments and Links With Adjustment and Relationships
Authors: Rote Wendy M. , Smetana Judith G. 
Published: April 2014

Parents' and adolescents' (Mage = 15.7) acceptability ratings of four information management strategies and associations between these ratings and adjustment, relationship quality, and strategy use were examined in 174 middle‐class families over 1 year. Acceptance of information management was greater for adolescents than for parents and for personal than for prudential issues; acceptance decreased across telling only if asked, avoidance, omitting details, and lying. Strategy acceptance and use were associated for lying and avoiding the topic. Controlling for strategy use, teens' acceptance of lying, omitting details, and avoidance was associated with poorer parent–adolescent relationships and more problem behavior 1 year later; acceptance of lying was associated with increases in depressed mood. Associations in the opposite direction were rare.
The Microscopic Examination of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Plant Tissues Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Li Andrew Y. , Crone Michael , Adams Peter J. , Fenwick Stanley G. , Hardy Giles E. S. J. , Williams Nari 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe microscopic examination of Phytophthora cinnamomi in plant tissues is often difficult as structures such as hyphae, chlamydospores and oospores are frequently indistinguishable from those of other fungi and oomycetes, with histological stains not enabling species differentiation. This lack of staining specificity makes the localization of P. cinnamomi hyphae and reproductive structures within plant tissues difficult, especially in woody tissues. This study demonstrates that with the use of a species‐specific fluorescently labelled DNA probe, P. cinnamomi can be specifically detected and visualized directly using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) without damage to plant or pathogen cell integrity or the need for subculturing. This approach provides a new application for FISH with potential use in the detailed study of plant–pathogen interactions in plants.
First Report of the Occurrence of a White Smut Infecting Rice in Arkansas
Authors: Jecmen Andrew C. , TeBeest David O. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFalse smut has recently emerged as an important disease of rice in Arkansas. In 2011, 2012 and 2013, spore balls of a white smut similar to the spore balls of false smut were observed in rice fields in eastern Arkansas. As a white false smut was previously reported in China and Japan, we examined the morphology of chlamydospores and spore balls from some of the infected heads and used selected regions of the rDNA to determine the identity of the causal agent of the disease. We also tested the virulence of an isolate of the white smut to two rice cultivars commonly grown in Arkansas. Our results indicate that the morphology of the spore balls, chlamydospores and conidia is similar to those reported for Ustilaginoidea albicans. However, sequences of ribosomal DNA amplicons indicate a high degree of similarity with both U. virens and U. albicans. The isolate of the white smut was virulent to two rice cultivars, producing spore balls similar to those observed in the field and to those previously described for U. albicans.
Investigation of the effects of a polymerised bovine haemoglobin solution on tension in isolated canine saphenous artery
Authors: Pawson P. , Dowell F. J. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the vasoconstriction induced by a polymerised bovine haemoglobin solution, Hb‐200, in isolated canine arteries.METHODSRings of canine saphenous artery, from euthanatized dogs, were mounted between stainless steel wires in Krebs’ solution (95% O2, 5% CO2, 37°C) for isometric tension recording. Following incubation with Hb‐200, cumulative concentration response curves to phenylephrine (vasoconstrictor) and acetylcholine (vasodilator) were investigated. Responses to acute addition of Hb‐200 were also examined in pre‐constricted or pre‐dilated arteries. Responses were further studied in the presence or absence of the endothelium, inhibitors of endothelium‐dependent vasodilation (L‐NAME, charybdotoxin and apamin), an endothelin antagonist (BQ‐788) and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase.RESULTSIncubation with Hb‐200 (0·2 or 2 g/L) significantly enhanced phenylephrine‐induced contraction (decreasing half maximal effective concentration, EC50, P=0·0035) and inhibited acetylcholine‐induced relaxation (increasing EC50, P<0·0001). Acute addition of Hb‐200 (0·2 or 2 g/L) significantly increased tension in pre‐constricted arteries (P=0·0059) and reversed relaxation in pre‐dilated arteries (P=0·0005). These acute responses were abolished in endothelium‐denuded arteries and arteries incubated with L‐NAME. Responses to Hb‐200 were unaffected by incubation with charybdotoxin and apamin, BQ‐788, or superoxide dismutase.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELow concentrations of Hb‐200 enhance vasoconstriction in isolated canine saphenous artery, primarily by antagonism of nitric oxide. This effect may be detrimental in some dogs (e.g. those at risk of volume overload) but beneficial in others (e.g. those in septic shock).
Female Partner's Perception of Premature Ejaculation and Its Impact on Relationship Breakups, Relationship Quality, and Sexual Satisfaction
Authors: Burri Andrea , Giuliano François , McMahon Chris , Porst Hartmut 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Women's perceptions of the men's ejaculatory behavior, as well as the impact premature ejaculation (PE) has on the couple's functioning, are important factors that need to be considered.

Aim
This survey investigated women's perception and importance of ejaculatory function, as well as the specific aspects of PE that cause distress. In addition, the survey further identified the factors with a greater impact on intimacy, relationship, and sexual behavior.

Methods
The 1,463 females belonging to a web panel from three different countries (Mexico, Italy, and South Korea), aged 20–50 years, participated in the survey. A combination of validated and self-constructed questionnaires to assess women's perception of PE, relationship satisfaction and quality, and sexual functioning and satisfaction were used.

Main Outcome Measures
Descriptive statistics in form of proportions and percentages, correlation, and regression analyses.

Results
A significant correlation between the importance of ejaculatory control and felt distress could be observed (rho = 0.55, P &lt; 0.001). Women reporting less sexual problems considered ejaculatory control more important and reported more PE-related distress (rho = 0.23 and 0.11, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for both). The male's lack of attention and focus on performance was the most frequently reported reasons for sexual distress (47.6%) followed by “the short time between penetration and ejaculation” (39.9%), and “the lack of ejaculatory control” (24.1%). Almost a quarter of women reported that the man's ejaculatory problem had previously led to relationship breakups (22.8%). Women considering duration to be important were more likely to report breakups.

Conclusions
The study highlights the detrimental effects of PE on relationship and sexual satisfaction in the female partner and how it can lead to the termination of the relationship. Most notably, this is the first study to report that an important source of female distress are not only parameters related to performance such as control or duration but rather inappropriate attention focus and the negligence of other forms of sexual activities.
Population size and migratory connectivity of humpback whales wintering in Las Perlas Archipelago, Panama
Authors: Guzman Hector M. , Condit Richard , Pérez‐Ortega Betzi , Capella Juan J. , Stevick Peter T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFrom 2003 to 2009, we surveyed Las Perlas Archipelago off the Pacific coast of Panama 53 times between the months of August and October to estimate abundance of humpback whales and to test for a migratory connection with populations from the southern hemisphere. We identified 295 individuals using photo‐identification of dorsal fins, including 58 calves, and the population estimate for a single season was 100–300 solitary adults plus 25–50 mothers with calves; the estimated population of animals across all seasons using a mark and recapture model was over 1,000. Eight of the 139 fluke identifications were matched to whales in photograph catalogues from the Antarctic Peninsula and a ninth was matched to a whale sighted in Chilean waters; four of these nine individuals have also been sighted in Colombia. We conclude that Panama (Las Perlas Archipelago in particular) is an important calving area for humpback whales in the Southern Hemisphere. These data should provide a foundation for monitoring of population change and to increase awareness in Panama about the need to manage vessel traffic and tourism related to the whales at Las Perlas.
Cartilaginous choristoma of the lower lip: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Halley D. , Dargue A. , Pring M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA choristoma is a tumour‐like mass of histologically normal tissue arising in an ectopic location. A cartilaginous choristoma is a rare finding within the oral cavity and most commonly presents in the tongue. We present an unusual case of a cartilaginous choristoma arising in the lower lip. To our knowledge, this is only the third case reported in the literature to date. The current literature is reviewed and the clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and management of this patient are discussed together with the possible histogenesis.
Early communicative gestures and play as predictors of language development in children born with and without family risk for dyslexia
Authors: Unhjem Astrid , Eklund Kenneth , Nergård‐Nilssen Trude 
Published: April 2014

The present study investigated early communicative gestures, play, and language skills in children born with family risk for dyslexia (FR) and a control group of children without this inheritable risk at ages 12, 15, 18, and 24 months. Participants were drawn from the Tromsø Longitudinal study of Dyslexia (TLD) which follows children's cognitive and language development from age 12 months through Grade 2 in order to identify early markers of developmental dyslexia. Results showed that symbolic play and parent reported play at age 12 months and communicative gestures at age 15 months explained 61% of the variance in productive language at 24 months in the FR group. These early nonlinguistic measures seem to be potentially interesting markers of later language development in children born at risk for dyslexia.
Enriching Surveys with Supplementary Data and its Application to Studying Wage Regression
Authors: Leung Denis Heng Yan , Yamada Ken , Zhang Biao 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe consider the problem of supplementing survey data with additional information from a population. The framework we use is very general; examples are missing data problems, measurement error models and combining data from multiple surveys. We do not require the survey data to be a simple random sample of the population of interest. The key assumption we make is that there exists a set of common variables between the survey and the supplementary data. Thus, the supplementary data serve the dual role of providing adjustments to the survey data for model consistencies and also enriching the survey data for improved efficiency. We propose a semi‐parametric approach using empirical likelihood to combine data from the two sources. The method possesses favourable large and moderate sample properties. We use the method to investigate wage regression using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth Study.
Self‐Harm in Young Offenders
Authors: Borschmann Rohan , Coffey Carolyn , Moran Paul , Hearps Stephen , Degenhardt Louisa , Kinner Stuart A. , Patton George 
Published: April 2014

The prevalence and correlates of self‐harm and suicidal behavior in 515 young offenders (mean age 17.3 years, SD = 1.7) serving community‐based orders (CBOs; n = 242) or custodial sentences (n = 273) in Victoria, Australia, are described. Results from structured interviews showed that 83 (16.1%) participants reported self‐harming in the previous 6 months, and this was more common among those serving custodial sentences than those serving CBOs (19.4% vs. 12.4%; OR 3.10, 95% CI: 1.74–5.55). Multiple incidents were more common in females and 24% (95% CI: 19–39) of participants who had self‐harmed reported having done so with suicidal intent. Self‐harm was associated with recent bullying victimization, expulsion from school, past year violent victimization, cannabis dependence, and risk‐taking behavior in the preceding year. The epidemiological profile of self‐harm in this population appears to be distinct from that seen in the general population. Young offenders who self‐harm are a vulnerable group with high rates of psychiatric morbidity, substance misuse problems, and social risk factors. They may benefit from targeted psychological interventions designed specifically to address impulsivity, delivered both within–and during the transition from–the youth justice system.
Explaining Different Paths in Social Health Insurance Countries – Health System Change and Cross‐border Lesson‐drawing between Germany, Austria and the Netherlands
Authors: Leiber Simone , Greß Stefan , Heinemann Stephanie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe issues of ‘policy diffusion’ or ‘policy transfer’ and ‘mutual learning’ have become important topics in comparative research on social policy and health systems. In current debates on explaining reform in ‘Bismarckian’ social (health) insurance systems, however, these issues have been neglected. In particular, the role of ‘negative lesson‐drawing’ in the sense of avoiding mistakes of others has not often been considered. This article compares health system change in Germany, Austria and the Netherlands, three countries with health systems of the social insurance type. In contrast to the existing literature, our analysis stresses that these countries have taken different reform paths since the 1990s. By applying a most similar systems design, we analyze how far cross‐border lesson‐drawing has contributed to health system divergence in the three countries. The empirical basis of the analysis is semi‐structured qualitative expert interviews, a method appropriate for tracing processes of lesson‐drawing. We argue that in order to fully understand the diverging reform trajectories, we need to take into account how political decision‐makers refer to (negative) experiences of other countries. Generally, national driving forces for health system change were at the heart of many crucial reforms during the period studied. Nevertheless, we claim that it was the German bad practice role model that kept the reform paths of Austria and Germany apart in the Austrian health reform discussion between 2000 and 2005.