bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caractérisation minéralogique et chimique de vitrifiats de REFIOM: Importance de la localisation des éléments polluants
Authors: Le Carlier de Veslud Cécile , Ploquin Alain , Royer Jean-Jacques 
Published: June 2015

According to the law of July 13, 1992, only ultimate wastes can be accepted in class 1 rubbish dumps after July 1, 2002. This has led to studies concerning the stabilization of such wastes. Two types of vitrified waste (vitrifiats de REFIOM) have been studied, each with a different chemistry and mineralogy. This work shows the importance of some crystals that allow a good stabilization of certain polluant elements whereas other phases can lead to an unstable material.
La loi du 13 juillet 1992 prévoyant qu'à la date du 1er juillet 2002, seul les résidus ultimes seront autorisés en décharge de classe 1, a conduit au développement de travaux concernant leur stabilisation. Deux types de vitrifiats de Refiom ont été élaborés avec un chimisme et une minéralogie différents. L'étude a montré l'importance de certains cristaux stabilisant certains éléments polluants tandis que d'autres phases rendent le matériau peu stable.
PRINCE‐1: safety and efficacy of atazanavir powder and ritonavir liquid in HIV‐1‐infected antiretroviral‐naïve and ‐experienced infants and children aged ≥3 months to <6 years
Authors: Strehlau Renate , Donati Anamaria Pena , Arce Pedro Martinez , Lissens Jurgen , Yang Rong , Biguenet Sophie , Cambilargiu Daniela , Hardy Hélène , Correll Todd 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionPRINCE‐1 is an ongoing prospective, international, multicentre, nonrandomized, two‐stage clinical trial assessing safety and efficacy of once‐daily atazanavir (ATV) powder boosted with ritonavir (RTV) liquid plus optimized dual nucleoside reverse‐transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) background therapy in antiretroviral (ARV)‐naïve and ‐experienced children with HIV‐1 infection aged ≥3 months to <6 years.MethodsChildren with HIV‐1 infection without prior ATV exposure and with a screening HIV‐1 RNA ≥1000 copies/mL were enrolled. The dosing of ATV powder, boosted with 80 mg RTV liquid, was based on three baseline weight bands (5 to <10 kg=150 mg, 10 to <15 kg=200 mg and 15 to <25 kg=250 mg).ResultsOf the 56 treated patients, 46 completed 48 weeks of therapy, 67.9% were from Africa and 60.7% were ART‐naïve. Median ages at baseline were 6, 35 and 55 months, and proportions with HIV‐1 RNA >100,000 were 85.7, 52.6 and 25% in the three baseline weight bands, respectively. No unexpected safety events occurred and no deaths were reported. Over 48 weeks, upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhoea, vomiting and Grade 3 to 4 hyperbilirubinaemia occurred in 35.7, 35.7, 28.6, and 9.4% of patients, respectively; five patients (8.9%) discontinued due to adverse events (AEs); and 11 patients (19.6%) experienced serious adverse events. At Week 48, using a modified intent‐to‐treat analysis (two patients were excluded because they switched to ATV capsules before Week 48), 61.1 and 74.1% of patients overall had an HIV‐1 RNA level <50 copies/mL and <400 copies/mL, respectively. Virologic suppression rates increased across the lowest to highest baseline weight bands (47.6, 68.4 and 71.4% had HIV‐1 RNA <50 copies/mL, and 66.7, 73.7 and 85.7% had HIV‐RNA <400 copies/mL, respectively) but did not differ meaningfully between ARV‐naïve and ‐experienced patients. Overall, the median change from baseline in CD4 cell count was +363 cells/mm3, and the median change from baseline in CD4 percent was +7.5%.ConclusionsATV powder boosted with RTV liquid once daily plus optimized dual NRTI background therapy was effective and well tolerated in this ART‐naïve or ‐experienced paediatric population aged ≥3 months to <6 years. No unexpected safety findings compared with those from previous ATV paediatric and adult studies were identified.
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure Anatomy Variations in Brachy‐, Dolicho‐ and Mesaticephalic Dogs and Their Importance to Brain Surgery
Authors: Carreira L. Miguel , Ferreira A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe study used a sample of 69 formalin‐fixed brains from adult dog cadavers (n = 69) and aimed (1) to characterize the longitudinal cerebral fissure (LCF) anatomy in brachy‐(B), dolicho‐(D) and mesaticephalic‐(M) dogs and their potential differences, and (2) to establish cranioencephalic relationships between the LCF and five classical craniometric points(cp): asterion(ast), bregma(b), stephanion(st), glabella(g), and pterion(pt). Anatomical records were collected using a digital caliper, and for statistical analysis P‐values < 0.05 were considered significant. The LCF length can be ranked, in ascending order as B < D < M, and if used as a surgical corridor, the M group had the greatest surgical corridor area, and the D group the smallest. LCF morphology was uniform among the three groups exhibiting dilated anterior(AR) and posterior(PR) regions and narrow middle region, where the most marked differences were registered. The LCF AR is the ideal spot to begin brain surgery if the LCF is to be used as a surgical corridor in B and M, while the LCF PR should be considered in D. The five cp selected were quite useful to understand LCF anatomical morphology, its projections over the external skull surface, and to establish cranioencephalic relationships between the LCF and vault; allowing us to consider the vault anterior area in B, and in M, and the vault posterior area in D for craniotomy initial burr‐hole placement. As for the distance from the cp projections in the brain surface to the LCF regions, major differences were registered by comparing the B group with the other two, and for both hemispheres. Anat Rec, 298:1612–1621, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic analysis of TCA Escherichia coli mutants reveals suitable genetic backgrounds for enhanced hydrogen and ethanol production using glycerol as main carbon source
Authors: Valle Antonio , Cabrera Gema , Muhamadali Howbeer , Trivedi Drupad K. , Ratray Nicholas J. W. , Goodacre Royston , Cantero Domingo , Bolivar Jorge 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBiodiesel has emerged as an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels; however, the low price of glycerol feed‐stocks generated from the biodiesel industry has become a burden to this industry. A feasible alternative is the microbial biotransformation of waste glycerol to hydrogen and ethanol. Escherichia coli, a microorganism commonly used for metabolic engineering, is able to biotransform glycerol into these products. Nevertheless, the wild type strain yields can be improved by rewiring the carbon flux to the desired products by genetic engineering. Due to the importance of the central carbon metabolism in hydrogen and ethanol synthesis, E. coli single null mutant strains for enzymes of the TCA cycle and other related reactions were studied in this work. These strains were grown anaerobically in a glycerol‐based medium and the concentrations of ethanol, glycerol, succinate and hydrogen were analysed by HPLC and GC. It was found that the reductive branch is the more relevant pathway for the aim of this work, with malate playing a central role. It was also found that the putative C4‐transporter dcuD mutant improved the target product yields. These results will contribute to reveal novel metabolic engineering strategies for improving hydrogen and ethanol production by E. coli.
Direct Chemical Activation of a Rationally Engineered Signaling Enzyme
Authors: Chio Cynthia M. , Cheng Karen W. , Bishop Anthony C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFew chemical strategies for activating enzymes have been developed. Here we show that a biarsenical compound (FlAsH) can directly activate a rationally engineered protein tyrosine phosphatase (Shp2 PTP) by disrupting autoinhibitory interactions between Shp2's N‐terminal SH2 domain and its PTP domain. We found that introducing a tricysteine motif at a loop of Shp2's N‐SH2 domain confers affinity for FlAsH; binding of FlAsH to the cysteine‐enriched loop relieves Shp2's inhibitory interdomain interaction and substantially increases the enzyme's PTP activity. Activation of engineered Shp2 is substrate independent and is observed in the contexts of both purified enzyme and complex proteomes. A chemical means for activating Shp2 could be useful for investigating its roles in signaling and oncogenesis, and the loop‐targeting strategy described herein could provide a blueprint for the development of target‐specific activators of other autoinhibited enzymes.
An Efficient Synthesis of (+)‐Subersic Acid
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Peiqiang , Li Jue , Wu Peiying , Ren Jiangmeng , Zeng Bubing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a concise and practical route to (+)‐subersic acid from naturally occurring (−)‐Sclareol in 7 steps. The key step of this route relied on the cross coupling of the diterpene with the arene fragment using the arylation of allylic acetate followed by β‐acetoxy elimination type Heck reaction.
Improvement of a‐Si:H Thin‐film Solar Cells by Employing Large Ag Nanoparticles
Authors: Lee Sunhwa , Park Jinjoo , Yi Junsin , Jeong Chaehwan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSilver (Ag) nanoparticles were formed on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate, and then hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film solar cells were sequentially fabricated. Ag nanoparticles located in the interface between the FTO and the p‐layer leads to a light‐trapping effect because of the strong light‐material interaction in Ag nanoparticles and enhancement of the optical path length. A higher haze ratio appeared for Ag nanoparticles with larger diameters and heights, compared with the conventional type. The device with the Ag nanoparticles showed a short‐circuit current density of 12.66 mA cm−2, which was 2.2 mA cm−2 higher than the device without Ag nanoparticles. Conversion efficiency increased from 4.9 % to 5.9 % by employing Ag nanoparticles with a roughness of 71 nm. The simple process makes our design useful for low‐cost, high conversion efficiency thin‐film solar cells.
Driving, Pseudo‐reality and the BTK: A Case Study
Authors: Lynes Adam , Wilson David 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe significance of occupational choice, in particular those that involve driving, has not yet been studied or investigated in relation to serial murder. This paper, which adopts a case study approach, attempts to shed light on how driving as an occupation may instrumentally influence the offending behaviour of one North American serial murderer—Dennis Rader. Attention is given towards how spending such significant amounts of time driving may have held deep psychological importance for Rader, with regard to the development of his offending‐oriented fantasies. In particular, the “offending space model” is used to examine the relationship between ‘thinking and doing’. In providing this micro‐level analysis, we suggest that transient oriented occupations provide a rich array of practical advantages that may aid serial murderers in avoiding detection, whilst also holding deep psychological influence in the nurturing and development of their fantasies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subculture by autonomy and group cohesion and its effect on job satisfaction of R&D professionals in an R&D organization
Authors: Jung Jaehwan , Nam Changi , Lee Euehun , Kim Seongcheol 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProfessional research and development (R&D) organizations typically employ highly educated professionals to work on a range of creative, intellectual projects in their chosen fields. In these organizations, organizational culture and subculture are critical factors connected with project success. This paper explores the existence of subcultures and the factors that contribute to subcultures within a professional R&D organization, and examines subcultural effects on the job satisfaction of R&D professionals to suggest a suitable cultural type for professional R&D organizations. Autonomy and group cohesion are considered, so grid–group theory is applied to measure R&D culture. The subjects were 285 full-time researchers who had worked at the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, an international IT institution, for over 5 years. Differences were found in organizational culture according to the research fields and types (applied and developmental research). The egalitarian culture type (low grid, high group) is found to be suitable for improving job satisfaction in R&D organizations.
Topological realizations and fundamental groups of higher-rank graphs
Authors: Kaliszewski S. , Kumjian Alex , Quigg John , Sims Aidan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe investigate topological realizations of higher-rank graphs. We show that the fundamental group of a higher-rank graph coincides with the fundamental group of its topological realization. We also show that topological realization of higher-rank graphs is a functor and that for each higher-rank graphΛ, this functor determines a category equivalence between the category of coverings ofΛand the category of coverings of its topological realization. We discuss how topological realization relates to two standard constructions fork-graphs: projective limits and crossed products by finitely generated free abelian groups.
Sodium content on processed foods for snacks
Authors: Kraemer Mariana Vieira dos Santos , Oliveira Renata Carvalho de , Gonzalez-Chica David Alejandro , Proença Rossana Pacheco da Costa 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the Na content reported on the labels of processed foods sold in Brazil that are usually consumed as snacks by children and adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study that assessed Na content and serving size reporting on processed food labels.SettingA supermarket that is part of a large chain in Brazil.SubjectsAll foods available for sale at the study’s location and reported in the literature as snacks present in the diets of Brazilian children and adolescents.ResultsOf the 2945 processed foods, 87 % complied with the reference serving sizes, although variability in reporting was observed in most of the food subgroups. In addition, 21 % of the processed foods had high Na levels (>600 mg/100 g) and 35 % had medium Na levels (>120 and ≤600 mg/100 g). The meats, oils, fats and seeds groups as well as the prepared dishes had higher percentages of foods classified as high Na (81 %, 58 % and 53 %, respectively).ConclusionsMost of the processed foods had high or medium Na content. We emphasize the importance of revising Brazilian nutrition labelling legislation to standardize reference serving sizes to avoid variation. Besides, we point out the potential for reducing Na levels in most processed foods, as evidenced by the variability in Na content within subgroups. Finally, we have identified the need to develop a method to classify Na levels in processed foods with specific parameters for children and adolescents.
DNA transducer-triggered signal switch for visual colorimetric bioanalysis
Authors: Chen Wenhong , Yan Yurong , Zhang Ye , Zhang Xuemei , Yin Yibing , Ding Shijia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA simple and versatile colorimetric biosensor has been developed for sensitive and specific detection of a wide range of biomolecules, such as oligonucleotides and aptamer-recognized targets. Combining the signal transducer and catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA)-based signal amplification, the target DNA binds with the hairpin DNA to form a new nucleic acid sequence and creates a toehold in the transducer for initiating the recycle amplification reaction of CHA. The catalyzed assembly process produces a large amount of G-rich DNA. In the presence of hemin, the G-rich DNA forms G-quadruplex/hemin complex and mimic horseradish peroxidase activity, which catalyzes a colorimetric reaction. Under optimal conditions, the calibration curve of synthetic target DNA has good linearity from 50 pM to 200 nM with a detection limit of 32 pM. This strategy has been successfully applied to detect S. pneumoniae as low as 156 CFU mL−1 and shows a good specificity against closely related streptococci and major pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the developed method enables successful visual analysis of S. pneumoniae in clinical samples by the naked eye. Importantly, this method demonstrates excellent assay versatility for sensitively detecting oligonucleotides or aptamer-recognized targets.
Self-Assessment of Hearing and Purchase of Hearing Aids by Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults
Authors: Otavio Andressa , Coradini Patricia , Teixeira Adriane 
Published: June 2015

Introduction Presbycusis is a consequence of aging. Prescription of hearing aids is part of the treatment, although the prevalence of use by elderly people is still small.
Objective To verify whether or not self-assessment of hearing is a predictor for purchase of hearing aids.
Methods Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and observational study. Participants were subjects who sought a private hearing center for selection of hearing aids. During the diagnostic interview, subjects answered the following question: “On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 being the worst and 10 the best, how would you rate your overall hearing ability?” After that, subjects underwent audiometry, selected a hearing aid, performed a home trial, and decided whether or not to purchase the hearing aid. The variables were associated and analyzed statistically.
Results The sample was comprised of 32 subjects, both men and women, with a higher number of women. Mean age was 71.41 ± 12.14 years. Self-assessment of hearing ranged from 2 to 9 points. Overall, 71.9% of the subjects purchased hearing aids. There was no association between scores in the self-assessment and the purchase of hearing aids (p = 0.263). Among those who scored between 2 and 5 points, 64.7% purchased the device; between 6 and 7 points, 76.09% purchased the device; and between 8 and 9 points, 50% purchased the device, respectively.
Conclusion There is evidence that low self-assessment scores lead to the purchase of hearing aids, although no significant association was observed in the sample.
The intersection of sex and race in the presence of deep-level attributes
Authors: Kramer Amit , Ben-Ner Avner 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the mechanisms by which decisions about others are affected by the information known about them. The authors argue that the availability of information about deep-level attributes diminishes the role of surface-level attributes in how people make decisions about others. The authors posit that individuals will make discriminatory decisions based on surface-level attributes when only this information is available; but, as predicted by the integration-and-learning perspective, the availability of information about deep-level attributes will reduce surface-level attribute discrimination. Although discrimination will not disappear completely, it will shift its focal point toward a person’s deep-level attributes.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from subjects in two studies, with 52 subjects in Study 1 and 230 in Study 2. Paired-samplest-test and mixed effects GLS regression were used to test the hypotheses.Findings– When presented with surface-level attributes of a target person, subjects demonstrated discriminatory behaviors based on race and sex. However, when subjects were presented with surface-level attributes along with deep-level attributes about a target person, subjects made decisions based on deep-level attribute similarities and disregarded surface-level information.Research limitations/implications– The authors interpret the findings to mean that enhancing information about others shifts favoritism and discrimination based on surface-level attributes to “deeper” grounds.Originality/value– This study demonstrates how multiple identities and values that individuals possess, and of which they become aware of in others, affect decision-making behavior toward others. It elucidates the mechanisms by which providing individuals with meaningful information about others can help them overcome, or at least reduce, surface-level discriminatory decision making.
The relationship of employee status to organizational culture and organizational effectiveness
Authors: Deem Jackie W. , DeLotell Pam J. , Kelly Kathryn 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This study investigates the relationship between employment status (full time (FT)/part time (PT)), organizational culture and institutional effectiveness in higher education. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question, “Does the growing population of PT faculty preclude effective cultures from developing and, accordingly, adversely affect institutional effectiveness?”Design/methodology/approach– The study surveyed 159 PT faculty and 65 FT faculty from seven schools of an online, proprietary university. The instrument, consisting of the Organizational Culture Survey Instrument and demographic questions, was distributed and data collected utilizing an online survey application. Statistical analysis methods including descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Findings– The study found no significant differences between perceptions of organizational culture or institutional effectiveness FT and PT faculty. Inter-school differences in perceptions were identified. Further research in this area is warranted to investigate discipline as a cause for the inter-school differences.Research limitations/implications– The study included respondents from only one online university. Therefore, additional studies involving traditional, ground based and hybrid institutions are required to establish generalizability. Additionally, self-assessments of institutional effectiveness were used. Future studies should consider quantitative research models for the measurement of institutional effectiveness.Practical implications– The study indicates that PT faculty are not less committed to the institution than their FT counterparts. This strengthens the case for using PT faculty, particularly in an online environment.Originality/value– This study investigates the relationship between organizational culture and institutional effectiveness in higher education from the faculty perspective. This has not been done before.
Supervisor support and pro-environmental behavior: the mediating role of LMX
Authors: Gkorezis Panagiotis 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the mediating mechanisms of the relationship between supervisor support and pro-environmental behavior. To this end, the quality of the dyadic exchanges between supervisor and subordinates was used.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from two different samples. In order to test the present hypotheses hierarchical regression and bootstrapping analysis were conducted.Findings– In congruence with the hypotheses, the results showed that leader-member exchange (LMX) served as a mediator in the relationship between supervisor support and pro-environmental behavior.Research limitations/implications– Data were drawn using a cross-sectional design. As a result, it is precarious to assess causality among the constructs. Furthermore, both studies collected data from a single source, namely employees, and this may inflate the present relationships due to common method bias.Originality/value– To the best of author’s knowledge, no prior empirical study has examined the pivotal role of LMX in affecting employees’ pro-environmental behavior.