bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian hierarchical models for network meta-analysis incorporating nonignorable missingness
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chu Haitao , Hong Hwanhee , Virnig Beth A , Carlin Bradley P 
Published: July 2015

Network meta-analysis expands the scope of a conventional pairwise meta-analysis to simultaneously compare multiple treatments, synthesizing both direct and indirect information and thus strengthening inference. Since most of trials only compare two treatments, a typical data set in a network meta-analysis managed as a trial-by-treatment matrix is extremely sparse, like an incomplete block structure with significant missing data. Zhang et al. proposed an arm-based method accounting for correlations among different treatments within the same trial and assuming that absent arms are missing at random. However, in randomized controlled trials, nonignorable missingness or missingness not at random may occur due to deliberate choices of treatments at the design stage. In addition, those undertaking a network meta-analysis may selectively choose treatments to include in the analysis, which may also lead to missingness not at random. In this paper, we extend our previous work to incorporate missingness not at random using selection models. The proposed method is then applied to two network meta-analyses and evaluated through extensive simulation studies. We also provide comprehensive comparisons of a commonly used contrast-based method and the arm-based method via simulations in a technical appendix under missing completely at random and missing at random.
Vital Roux, Forgotten Forerunner of Modern Business Games
Authors: Touzet Léo , Corbeil Pierre 
Published: July 2015

Aim. This article presents the pioneering work of Vital Roux, a French businessman and author who proposed, in the 1800s, a teaching method to train business people which closely resembles the experiential method central to today’s business games. Background. This presentation indirectly discusses the fundamental issue of business games’ success as an educational innovation. We recall briefly that the roots of business games are distant, multiple, and far-ranging. Method. The pedagogy advocated by Vital Roux is revealed and innovative aspects of his educational system are noted and discussed. Roux’s obscurity is underlined, and a plausible explanation for the relative failure of his project is proposed. A social and historical hypothesis is then suggested to explain the success which business games have won in the United States a century and a half later. Conclusion.Roux’s key thoughts are summarized, suggesting he can appear as a forgotten forerunner of modern business games.
Feasibility and Safety of an Operative Tool for Anterior Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome Treatment
Authors: de Bruijn Johan A. , van Zantvoort Aniek P. M. , Winkes Michiel B. , Raaymakers Leo , van der Cruijsen-Raaijmakers Marike , Hoogeveen Adwin R. , Scheltinga Marc R. 
Published: July 2015

Background: Operative management of chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the tibialis anterior muscle compartment (ant-CECS) usually involves the use of a fasciotome. Collateral tissue damage such as hematoma and nerve damage may occur during the procedure. The current report assessed the feasibility and safety of an alternative tool for the operative management of ant-CECS. Methods: The system had a speculum-like hollow tube that was inserted via a 2-cm skin incision and allowed for the protected advancement of a fasciotome. The device was tested in patients with bilateral ant-CECS. Symptoms were prospectively scored before and after surgery using a 5-category verbal rating scale (VRS). Fourteen patients (age 26 ± 10 years) were analyzed. Complications and operative efficacy were determined using physical examination and questionnaires after 21 (range = 16-25) months. Results: Technical operative success rate was 100% (28/28 legs). Operation time was 10 ± 2 minutes per leg (range = 6-14). Perioperative complications were not observed. One superficial wound infection was treated nonoperatively. Significant reductions in pain (–2.2 ± 1.1 on 5-point VRS, P < .001), tightness (–1.9 ± 1.6, P = .01), cramps (–1.4 ± 1.6, P = .009), muscle weakness (–1.6 ± 1.2, P < .001), and altered sensibility (–1.3 ± 1.4, P = .005) were registered 21 months postoperatively. Conclusion: This fasciotome was simple to use and allowed for a safe fasciotomy in patients with leg ant-CECS. A randomized controlled trial comparing the present device with a widely used fasciotome was under way at the time of writing of this study. Level of evidence: Level IV, case series
Lymphomatoid papulosis: A cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient on fingolimod for multiple sclerosis
Authors: Samaraweera Amal PR , Cohen Stuart N , Akay Ela M , Evangelou Nikos 
Published: July 2015

Background: Fingolimod was the first oral disease-modifying treatment for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. It has previously been associated with the development of lymphoma. Objective: To describe a case of lymphomatoid papulosis, a CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder, in a patient taking fingolimod. Methods: Case study. Results: Our patient developed lymphomatoid papulosis 2 months after starting fingolimod. Histology confirmed the diagnosis. The drug was withdrawn. Resolution began only 2 days later. Conclusions: Lymphomatoid papulosis is a benign subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but up to 20% of cases can transform to a malignant course. Patients on fingolimod and physicians caring for them should be mindful of the need to monitor the skin.
The role of serum I-FABP concentration in assessment of small intestine mucosa among HIV-infected patients
Authors: Skowyra Artur , Mikuła Tomasz , Suchacz Magdalena , Skowyra Agnieszka , Wiercińska-Drapało Alicja 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: The intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) is a useful marker in the assessment of damages and inflammation to the small intestinal mucosa. We have investigated the influence of HIV infections and antiretroviral treatment on the small intestine mucosa aided by the evaluation of I-FABP concentration levels. Methods: We included in the study: 31 HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment (T), 32 HIV-infected patients not treated with ART (NT), and 18 healthy volunteers as a control group. The concentrations of I-FABP were measured in serum using a sandwich enzyme immunoassay kit: Human I-FABP. Results: The median level of I-FABP in the serum of HIV-infected patients was 2.10 ± 2.56 ng/mL and did not significantly differ between T and NT (2.32 ± 2.69 ng/mL vs. 1.89 ± 2.45 ng/mL). However, the I-FABP serum level was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients when compared to the group control (2.10 ± 2.56 ng/mL vs. 1.26 ± 1.18 ng/mL; P = 0.048). We recorded a correlation for treated HIV-infected patients between Viral load and I-FABP serum level (r = −0.66; P <0.05). Conclusions: Elevated serum I-FABP level in HIV-infected patients confirm that HIV causes damage to the intestinal mucosa. I-FAB is a useful marker in the assessment of intestinal damage in HIV-infected patients.
Andreas Vesalius’ 500th anniversary: the initiation of hand and forearm myology
Authors: Brinkman R. J. , Hage J. J. 
Published: July 2015

Andreas Vesalius (1515–1564) was the first to market an illustrated text on the freshly dissected muscular anatomy of the human hand and forearm when he published his De Fabrica Corporis Humani Libri Septem, in 1543. To commemorate his 500th birthday, we searched the second of seven books composing De Fabrica, the annotated woodcut illustrations of De Fabrica, the Tabulae Sex, and Epitome, and an eyewitness report of a public dissection by Vesalius for references to the morphology and functions of these muscles. We found Vesalius to have recognized all currently distinguished muscles except the palmaris brevis and he noted occasional absence of some muscles. Generally, he limited the origin and insertion to bones, largely disregarding attachments to membranes and fascia. Functionally, he recorded the muscles as having a single vector and operating on only one joint. We conclude that Vesalius was nearly completely correct about the anatomy of the muscles of the forearm, but much less accurate about their function. Level of Evidence: 5
Prevalence, characteristics and natural history of cold intolerance after the reverse digital artery flap
Authors: Sun Y. C. , Chen Q. Z. , Chen J. , Qian Z. W. , Kong J. , Gong Y. P. 
Published: July 2015

This retrospective study was designed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and natural history of cold intolerance after the use of the reverse digital artery flap. A total of 123 patients were treated between 2010 and 2013. After excluding patients who were lost to follow-up, 87 patients were studied. The mean follow-up time was 34 months (range 14–61). Cold intolerance occurred in 60% (52) of patients after the reverse digital artery flap procedure. The condition improved in only 15% (8) of the patients. Significant differences were observed in the age and the specific digit involved between the groups with and without cold intolerance. There was a lower incidence in younger patients, and the ring finger group showed a lower incidence than in other fingers. Furthermore, the Cold Intolerance Symptom Severity score was positively correlated with the temperature at which cold intolerance was triggered. Level of evidence: IV
Maternal and fetal outcome in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: the impact of prenatal care
Authors: Barbosa Isabela Roberta Cruz , Silva Wesley Bruno Merencio , Cerqueira Grace Sanches Gutierrez , Novo Neil Ferreira , Almeida Fernando Antonio , Novo Joe Luiz Vieira Garcia 
Published: July 2015

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are the most important cause of maternal and fetal death and pregnancy complications in Latin America and the Caribbean. Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of women with HDP admitted to a Brazilian tertiary reference hospital, and to evaluate maternal and fetal outcome in each HDP and the impact of prenatal care on the maternal and fetal outcome. Methods: HDP in 1501 women were classified according to usual definitions as chronic hypertension ( n = 564), pre-eclampsia ( n = 579), eclampsia ( n = 74) and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension ( n = 284). Adverse maternal and fetal outcomes registered as maternal death and near miss and fetal outcomes documented as stillbirth, neonatal death and newborn respiratory complications were compiled. Prenatal care was classified as complete (⩾6 visits), incomplete (<6 visits) or not done. Results: Women with eclampsia were younger (15 years), 68% were on their first pregnancy, had higher blood pressure, higher mortality and greater number of near miss cases and their children had lower birth weight, higher intra-uterus and neonatal mortality, and more respiratory distress. Women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension and their fetuses had intermediate outcome and those with chronic hypertension and pre-eclampsia the better outcome among those with HDP. Women who had incomplete prenatal care or prenatal not done had progressive higher mortality rates and greater frequency of near miss cases, and their children had higher mortality rates. Conclusion: In a tertiary reference hospital, eclampsia and chronic hypertension superimposed on pre-eclampsia are associated with a worst outcome for mothers and fetuses, whereas complete prenatal care is associated with a better maternal and fetal outcome in HDP.
Targeting casein kinase II restores Ikaros tumor suppressor activity and demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in high-risk leukemia
Authors: Song Chunhua , Gowda Chandrika , Pan Xiaokang , Ding Yali , Tong Yongqing , Tan Bi-Hua , Wang Haijun , Muthusami Sunil , Ge Zheng , Sachdev Mansi , Amin Shantu G. , Desai Dhimant , Gowda Krishne , Gowda Raghavendra , Robertson Gavin P. , Schjerven Hilde , Muschen Markus , Payne Kimberly J. , Dovat Sinisa 
Published: July 2015

Key PointsIkaros controls cellular proliferation by repressing genes that regulate cell cycle progression and the PI3K pathway in leukemia. CK2 inhibitor restores Ikaros tumor suppressor function in high-risk B-ALL with IKZF1 deletion and has a strong therapeutic effect in vivo.
Identifying type 2 diabetes risk classification systems and recommendations for review of podiatric care in an Australian Aboriginal health clinic
Authors: Blatchford Lauren , Morey Pam , McConigley Ruth 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere are several risk classification systems developed to facilitate diabetic foot assessments and prioritise diabetes patients for foot prevention services according to risk factors. Utilisation of both The University of Texas Diabetic Foot Risk Classification System (UTDFRCS) and The National Evidence‐Based Guideline on Prevention, Identification and Management of Foot Complications in Diabetes (Part of the Guidelines on Management of Type 2 Diabetes), allows guidance for the podiatrist in terms of review timeframes for future assessments and treatment. The aim of this clinical audit was to classify Aboriginal type 2 diabetes subjects' risk status according to UTDFRCS and identify if evidence based standards are being met for podiatry services at the Albury‐Wodonga Aboriginal Health Service in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit over a twenty six month period was undertaken at the Albury‐Wodonga Aboriginal Health Service, New South Wales. This is a primary health care facility that started podiatry services in August 2011. The primary variables of interest were the UTDFRCS for each subject and whether those participants met or did not meet the National Evidence‐Based Guideline for review appointment timeframes. Other variables of interest include age, gender, duration of diabetes, occasions of visits and cancelled and failure to attend appointments to the podiatry service over the data collection period.ResultsThere was excellent overall adherence (94 %) of this sample population (n = 729) to the National Evidence‐Based Guideline for podiatric review timeframes according to their risk status. Males were reported to be less likely to comply with the review timeframes compared to women. There was no association between risk status and age (OR = 1.04, p = 0.11), duration of diabetes (OR = 1.03, p = 0.71) or gender (OR = 0.77, p = 0.67).ConclusionsRegular foot examinations aid in stratifying patients according to risk status, guiding podiatry interventions to reduce the likelihood of ulceration and amputation. This primary health care setting has achieved podiatric evidence based standards for Aboriginal people with type 2 diabetes, demonstrated by acceptable timeframes for review appointments.
Morphology and Orientation Control of Organic Crystals in Organic Media through Advanced Biomimetic Approach
Authors: Okaniwa Mamoru , Oaki Yuya , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Biomimetic approaches for growth control of inorganic crystals in aqueous media have been applied to that of organic crystals in organic media. Morphology and orientation of organic crystals, such as 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene hydrate (HHTP) and 9-vinylcarbazole (VCz), were controlled on the surface-modified substrates with gradual evaporation of the solvents. The polyhedral and dendritic morphologies of HHTP and VCz crystals were obtained on the substrates with changes of the growth conditions. Solvents, surface-modified substrates, and additive molecules play important roles for growth control of organic crystals in organic media. The present results indicate that biomimetic approaches can be applied to growth control of organic crystals in organic media.
Identical twins and Bayes' theorem in the 21st century
Authors: Amrhein Valentin , Roth Tobias , Korner-Nievergelt Fränzi 
Published: July 2015

In an article in Science on "Bayes' Theorem in the 21st Century", Bradley Efron uses Bayes' theorem to calculate the probability that twins are identical given that the sonogram shows twin boys. He concludes that Bayesian calculations cannot be uncritically accepted when using uninformative priors. While we agree that the choice of the prior is essential, we argue that the calculations on identical twins give a biased impression of the influence of uninformative priors in Bayesian data analyses.
Rampant software errors may undermine scientific results
Authors: Soergel David A. W. 
Published: July 2015

The opportunities for both subtle and profound errors in software and data management are boundless, yet they remain surprisingly underappreciated. Here I estimate that any reported scientific result could very well be wrong if data have passed through a computer, and that these errors may remain largely undetected. It is therefore necessary to greatly expand our efforts to validate scientific software and computed results.
Loogikavigade lubatavusest
Authors: Eintalu Jüri 
Published: July 2015

Loogikavigu on kahte liiki: (1) vastuolud; (2) kehtetud järeldused. Sooritada kehtetu järeldus on üldiselt väiksem viga kui väita vastuolu. On kaks erinevat printsiipi: (A) teadaolevalt väära väidet ei tohi esitada; (B) ei tohi esitada väidet, mille tõeväärtus pole teada. (A) keelab sooritada esimest liiki loogikavigu; (B) ka teist liiki loogikavigu. Printsiibi (B) lükkame me tagasi. Oletusi saab genereerida näiteks: (1) dedutseerides neid teadaolevalt vastuolulisest teooriast; (2) saades neid induktiivsete järelduste tulemeina. Ent ka printsiipi (A) tohib eirata. Võib esitada teadaolevalt vastuolulise teooria kui ligilähedaselt tõese ning seda kasutada - kui paremaid pole käepärast. Popper esitas tõesarnasuse teooria. Samuti nõudis ta vastuoluliste teadusteooriate elimineerimist. - Ent paremate teadusteooriate leiutamine võib ebaõnnestuda. Wittgensteini vaated tema Märkmetes matemaatika alustest on usutavamad. Implitsiitselt rakendas Witttgenstein mitteformaliseeritud tõesarnasuse mõistet vastuolulistele teooriatele, lubades selliseid teooriaid kasutada.There are two kinds of logical mistakes: (1) contradictions; (2) invalid inferences. Generally, to commit an invalid inference is a lesser mistake than to assert a contradiction. There are two principles: (A) it is prohibited to present a proposition one knows to be false; (B) it is prohibited to present a proposition one does not know to be true. (A) prohibits to commit logical mistakes of the first kind; (B) of the second kind as well. We reject the principle (B). One can generate guesses e.g. (1) by deducing them from a theory one knows to be contradictory; (2) as the conclusions of inductions. It is allowable to violate the principle (A) too. One can present a theory one knows to be contradictory as approximately true and to use it - if no better ones are at hand. Popper presented a theory of truthlikeness. He also demanded to eliminate contradictions from our theories. - However, one may fail to invent better theories. Wittgenstein's views in Remarks on the Foundations of Mathematics are more plausible. Witttgenstein implicitly applied a non-formalized concept of truthlikeness to contradictory theories and allowed to use them.
Challenging Exclusionary Naturalism
Authors: Cockram Nathan Robert 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct Hilary Kornblith’s (2002) argument for excluding conceptual analysis from epistemological inquiry, and then provide three objections to it. More specifically, Kornblith argues that epistemological properties such as ‘knowledge’ reduce to natural kinds (with a constitutive essence) which can only be discovered and investigated using the a posteriori methods of the natural sciences. Thus, he continues, conceptual analysis can’t properly illuminate the target domain. The three objections to Kornblith’s argument which I present are as follows: (i) Multiple Realizeability, (ii) Psychological Explanation, (iii) Starting Points. On strength of these objections, I conclude that Kornblith’s brand of a posteriori epistemology both eliminates our ability to make epistemic evaluations in general, and also implies a strong form of scepticism.
The Causal Priority of Form in Aristotle
Authors: Koslicki Kathrin 
Published: July 2015

In various texts (e.g., Met. Z.17), Aristotle assigns priority to form, in its role as a principle and cause, over matter and the matter-form compound. Given the central role played by this claim in Aristotle's search for primary substance in the Metaphysics, it is important to understand what motivates him in locating the primary causal responsibility for a thing's being what it is with the form, rather than the matter. According to Met. Theta.8, actuality [energeia/entelecheia] in general is prior to potentiality [dunamis] in three ways, viz., in definition, time and substance. I propose an explicitly causal reading of this general priority claim, as it pertains to the matter-form relationship. The priority of form over matter in definition, time and substance, in my view, is best explained by appeal to the role of form as the formal, efficient and final cause of the matter-form compound, respectively, while the posteriority of matter to form according to all three notions of priority is most plausibly accounted for by the fact that the causal contribution of matter is limited to its role as material cause. When approached from this angle, the work of Met. Theta.8 can be seen to lend direct support to the more specific and explicitly causal priority claim we encounter in Met. Z.17, viz., that form is prior to matter in its role as the principle and primary cause of a matter-form compound's being what it is.
Triceps-sparing ulnar approach for total elbow arthroplasty
Authors: Oizumi N. , Suenaga N. , Yoshioka C. , Yamane S. 
Published: July 2015

To prevent insufficiency of the triceps after total elbow arthroplasty, we have, since 2008, used a triceps-sparing ulnar approach. This study evaluates the clinical results and post-operative alignment of the prosthesis using this approach.We reviewed 25 elbows in 23 patients. There were five men and 18 women with a mean age of 69 years (54 to 83). There were 18 elbows with rheumatoid arthritis, six with a fracture or pseudoarthrosis and one elbow with osteoarthritis.Post-operative complications included one intra-operative fracture, one elbow with heterotopic ossification, one transient ulnar nerve palsy, and one elbow with skin necrosis, but no elbow was affected by insufficiency of the triceps.Patients were followed for a mean of 42 months (24 to 77). The mean post-operative Japanese Orthopaedic Association Elbow Score was 90.8 (51 to 100) and the mean Mayo Elbow Performance score 93.8 (65 to 100). The mean post-operative flexion/extension of the elbow was 135°/-8°. The Manual Muscle Testing score of the triceps was 5 in 23 elbows and 2 in two elbows (one patient). The mean alignment of the implants examined by 3D-CT was 2.8° pronation (standard deviation (sd) 5.5), 0.3° valgus (sd 2.7), and 0.7° extension (sd 3.2) for the humeral component, and 9.3° pronation (sd 9.7), 0.3° valgus (sd 4.0), and 8.6° extension (sd 3.1) for the ulnar component. There was no radiolucent line or loosening of the implants on the final radiographs.The triceps-sparing ulnar approach allows satisfactory alignment of the implants, is effective in preventing post-operative triceps insufficiency, and gives satisfactory short-term results.Cite this article: 2015;97-B:1096–1101.