bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured with SD‐OCT in a population‐based study of French elderly subjects: the Alienor study
Authors: Rougier Marie‐Bénédicte , Korobelnik Jean‐François , Malet Florence , Schweitzer Cédric , Delyfer Marie‐Noëlle , Dartigues Jean‐François , Delcourt Cécile , Helmer Catherine 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo establish normative data of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in the elderly and to determine the factors influencing its thickness.MethodsPeripapillary RNFL thickness was measured with spectral domain OCT (SD‐OCT) in 210 elderly participants from the Alienor population‐based study who were aged 75 years or older. The measure was assessed in six segments (the superotemporal, temporal, inferotemporal, inferonasal, nasal and superonasal segments). RNFL data were analysed across age and sex strata in non‐glaucoma participants. Mixed linear models were used to evaluate the associations of RNFL thickness with age, sex, ocular parameters and vascular risk factors.ResultsThe mean global RNFL thickness was 91.4 μm (SD: 12.6), ranging from 55 to 122; the highest values were found in the inferotemporal and superotemporal segments. After adjustment for sex and ocular parameters, including axial length, increasing age was significantly associated with lower thickness globally (mean thinning per decade = 5.6 μm, p = 0.003), in the superotemporal (−12.7 μm per decade, p < 0.0001) and inferotemporal (−8.1 μm per decade, p = 0.022) segments. RNFL thickness tended to be higher in women than in men, but this trend was significant only in the inferotemporal segment (+6.6 μm for women, p = 0.012). The axial length was associated with RNFL thickness globally and in most segments. RNFL thickness did not differ according to cataract extraction. There were no associations between vascular factors and RNFL thickness.ConclusionRetinal nerve fibre layer thickness decreased with age globally and in the supero‐ and inferotemporal segments, even after 75 years; it also tended to be higher in women, particularly in the inferotemporal segment. Normative data on RNFL thickness should consider these characteristics as well as ocular parameters, particularly axial length.
LPS exacerbates functional and inflammatory responses to ovalbumin and decreases sensitivity to inhaled fluticasone propionate in a guinea pig model of asthma
Authors: Lowe A P P , Thomas R S , Nials A T , Kidd E J , Broadley K J , Ford W R 
Published: January 2015

Background and PurposeAsthma exacerbations contribute to corticosteroid insensitivity. LPS is ubiquitous in the environment. It causes bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation and may therefore exacerbate allergen responses. This study examined whether LPS and ovalbumin co‐administration could exacerbate the airway inflammatory and functional responses to ovalbumin in conscious guinea pigs and whether these exacerbated responses were insensitive to inhaled corticosteroid treatment with fluticasone propionate (FP).Experimental ApproachGuinea pigs were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin and airway function recorded as specific airway conductance by whole body plethysmography. Airway inflammation was measured from lung histology and bronchoalveolar lavage. Airway hyper‐reactivity (AHR) to inhaled histamine was examined 24 h after ovalbumin. LPS was inhaled alone or 24 or 48 h before ovalbumin and combined with ovalbumin. FP (0.05–1 mg·mL−1) or vehicle was nebulized for 15 min twice daily for 6 days before ovalbumin or LPS exposure.Key ResultsOvalbumin inhalation caused early (EAR) and late asthmatic response (LAR), airway hyper‐reactivity to histamine and influx of inflammatory cells into the lungs. LPS 48 h before and co‐administered with ovalbumin exacerbated the response with increased length of the EAR, prolonged response to histamine and elevated inflammatory cells. FP 0.5 and 1 mg·mL−1 reduced the LAR, AHR and cell influx with ovalbumin alone, but was ineffective when guinea pigs were exposed to LPS before and with ovalbumin.Conclusions and ImplicationsLPS exposure exacerbates airway inflammatory and functional responses to allergen inhalation and decreases corticosteroid sensitivity. Its widespread presence in the environment could contribute to asthma exacerbations and corticosteroid insensitivity in humans.
Development of a group and family‐based cognitive behavioural therapy program for youth at risk for psychosis
Authors: Landa Yulia , Mueser Kim T. , Wyka Katarzyna E. , Shreck Erica , Jespersen Rachel , Jacobs Michael A. , Griffin Kenneth W. , van der Gaag Mark , Reyna Valerie F. , Beck Aaron T. , Silbersweig David A. , Walkup John T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe onset of psychosis typically occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and can have a detrimental impact on social and cognitive development. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) shows promise in reducing the risk of psychosis. Teaching families to apply CBT with their offspring may bolster therapeutic gains made in time‐limited treatment. We developed a comprehensive group‐and‐family‐based CBT (GF‐CBT) program that aims to facilitate psychosocial recovery, decrease symptoms and prevent transition to psychosis in youth at risk. GF‐CBT is grounded in ecological systems and cognitive theories, resilience models and research on information processing in delusions. The theoretical rationale and description of GF‐CBT are presented together with a pilot study that evaluated the program's feasibility and explored participants' outcomes.MethodsYouth ages 16–21 at risk for psychosis and their families participated in an open trial with pre, post and 3‐month follow‐up assessments conducted by an independent evaluator. The Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States was the primary clinical outcome measure.ResultsAll enrolled participants (n = 6) completed GF‐CBT and all remitted from at‐risk mental state (ARMS). As a group participants showed statistically significant decreases in attenuated psychotic symptoms, negative symptoms, depression, cognitive biases and improvements in functioning. Family members showed significant improvements in use of CBT skills, enhanced communication with their offspring, and greater confidence in their ability to help. Gains were maintained at follow‐up.ConclusionsGF‐CBT may delay or prevent transition to psychosis in youth at risk, and potentially facilitate recovery from ARMS. More rigorous, controlled research is needed to further evaluate this program.
Predictors of outpatient mental health clinic follow‐up after hospitalization among Medicaid‐enrolled young adults
Authors: Marino Leslie , Wissow Lawrence S. , Davis Maryann , Abrams Michael T. , Dixon Lisa B. , Slade Eric P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo assess demographic and clinical predictors of outpatient mental health clinic follow‐up after inpatient psychiatric hospitalization among Medicaid‐enrolled young adults.MethodsUsing logistic regression and administrative claims data from the Maryland public mental health system and Maryland Medicaid for young adults ages 18–26 who were enrolled in Medicaid (N = 1127), the likelihood of outpatient mental health follow‐up within 30 days after inpatient psychiatric hospitalization was estimated .ResultsOnly 51% of the young adults had any outpatient mental health follow‐up visits within 30 days of discharge. Being black and having a co‐occurring substance use disorder diagnosis were associated with a lower probability of having a follow‐up visit (OR = 0.60, P < 0.01 and OR = 0.36, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, those who utilized any outpatient public mental health services during the 180 days prior to their index hospitalization (N = 625, 55.4%) were more likely to have a follow‐up visit than those without prior outpatient use (OR = 2.45, P < 0.01). Prior Medicaid‐reimbursed primary care visits were not significantly associated with follow‐up.ConclusionsIn this predominantly urban, low‐income statewide sample of young adults hospitalized for serious psychiatric conditions, half did not connect with an outpatient mental healthcare provider following their discharge. Outpatient transition supports may be especially needed for young adults who were not receiving outpatient services prior to being admitted for psychiatric inpatient care, as well as for young adults with substance use disorders and African Americans.
Psychometric Properties and Responsiveness to Change of 15‐ and 28‐Item Versions of the SCORE: A Family Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: Hamilton Elena , Carr Alan , Cahill Paul , Cassells Ciara , Hartnett Dan 
Published: January 2015

The SCORE (Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation) is a 40‐item questionnaire for completion by family members 12 years and older to assess outcome in systemic therapy. This study aimed to investigate psychometric properties of two short versions of the SCORE and their responsiveness to therapeutic change. Data were collected at 19 centers from 701 families at baseline and from 433 of these 3–5 months later. Results confirmed the three‐factor structure (strengths, difficulties, and communication) of the 15‐ and 28‐item versions of the SCORE. Both instruments had good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. They also showed construct and criterion validity, correlating with measures of parent, child, and family adjustment, and discriminating between clinical and nonclinical cases. Total and factor scales of the SCORE‐15 and ‐28 were responsive to change over 3–5 months of therapy. The SCORE‐15 and SCORE‐28 are brief psychometrically robust family assessment instruments which may be used to evaluate systemic therapy.
MicroRNAs are differentially deregulated in mammary malignant phyllodes tumour
Authors: Tsang Julia Y S , Ni Yun‐Bi , Ng Enders KO , Shin Vivian Y , Mak Ko‐Fung , Go Edna May L , Tawasil John , Chan Siu‐Ki , Ko Chun‐Wai , Kwong Ava , Tse Gary M 
Published: January 2015

AimsMicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in tumour progression. Their expression pattern can be useful for cancer classification. However, little is known about miRs in mammary phyllodes tumours (PT).Methods and resultsIn this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based miR profiling was performed in a small PT cohort to identify deregulated miRs in malignant PT. The purported roles and targets of these miRs were further validated. Unsupervised clustering of miR expression profiling segregated PT into different grades, implicating the miR profile in PT classification. Among the deregulated miRs, miR‐21, miR‐335 and miR‐155 were validated to be higher in malignant than in lower‐grade PT in the independent cohort by quantitative PCR (qPCR) (P ≤ 0.032). Their expression correlated with some of the malignant histological features, including high stromal cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism and mitosis. Subsequent analysis of their downstream proteins, namely PTEN for miR‐21/miR‐155 and Rb for miR‐335, also showed an independent significant negative association between miR and protein expression.ConclusionsDifferential expression of miRs in PT could be useful in diagnosis and grading of PT. Their deregulated expression, together with the altered downstream targets, implicated their active involvement in PT malignant transformation.
Biobrane™ and skin staples: beware of necrotic ulceration
Authors: Hyland Ela J , Maze Deborah , Lawrence Torey , Harvey John G , Holland Andrew JA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBiobrane™ is a product used for temporary wound coverage post major paediatric burn wound debridement. We report two cases of necrotic ulceration associated with the use of Biobrane™ with skin staples. We suggest securing Biobrane™ with alternatives such as adhesive tapes and glue to prevent the occurrence of this adverse outcome.
Selective Authenticity: Civil War Reenactors and Credible Reenactments
Authors: Hall Gregory 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article addresses authenticity and how it is selectively used by Civil War reenactors to create credible reenactments. The Civil War provides a structured set of scenarios for reenactors to use as a backdrop for their participation. Some use this backdrop to bring objects to the forefront and others use this setting as a way to interact with an audience person to person. This research indicates that authenticity may come through on different levels for individuals participating in the same activity. An authentic experience or object is authentic because it has an important immediate meaning. The objects and narratives displayed by reenactors may be set in specific history but this does not mean that these same objects and narratives are part of that history. This paper contributes to the study of authenticity by examining groups of Civil War reenactors and where their focus of authenticity lies whether it is on authentic objects or interactions.
Theatre of paediatric surgery
Authors: McBride Craig A , Holland Andrew JA 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the 50 years since the first edition of this journal, operative paediatric surgery has undergone radical change. Many of the most common instruments are unchanged, both as a testament to their utility and in recognition of past surgeons remembered eponymously. Surrounding that basic core of instruments, theatre has changed radically as new tools and techniques have arisen. Surgeons have come down from their pedestals, recognising surgery as a team sport rather than a solo performance. More than half of the current paediatric surgical trainees are women, a higher proportion than in any other craft group of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. The appearance, and rapid development, of laparoscopy is to many observers the most notable change in surgery over the last 50 years. Placed in its context though, it is simply the most prominent example of a frameshift in surgical thinking. The patient as a whole is now the focus, rather than just the disease. Recent developments are as much about minimising harm to normal tissues as they are about extirpating pathology. As a surgical maxim, ‘Primum non nocere’ is even more in evidence in 2015 than it was in 1965.
Predictors of Improvement in Sexual Function of Women with Urinary Incontinence After Treatment with Pelvic Floor Exercises: A Secondary Analysis
Authors: Sacomori Cinara , Cardoso Fernando Luiz 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women with urinary incontinence (UI) frequently present with complaints of sexual problems.

Aim
To evaluate the predictors of sexual function improvement after participating in three physical therapy sessions and performing home-based pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME) for the treatment of female UI.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial with a 3-month follow-up in which the sexual function of 54 women with UI was evaluated. These women joined three supervised physiotherapy sessions that included PFME and health education during 1 month, with a 15-day interval between each session, and kept practicing home-based PFME for a further 2 months.

Main Outcome Measure
Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Quotient, the pelvic floor muscle strength was measured using the modified Oxford scale, and UI was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire.

Results
The mean of sexual quotient score improved after treatment (P = 0.001). With respect to specific domains of sexual function, improvement was observed only in the questions about sexual desire, arousal/excitement, and orgasm. Before treatment, 18 women (33.3%) were classified as having sexual dysfunction, and after treatment, eight remained with sexual dysfunction and two other joined this category (total of 18.5%). Those women who had sexual dysfunction at baseline experienced a higher level of improvement of the sexual quotient compared with those without sexual dysfunction (P = 0.001, 95% CI = 9.1–31.9). A multivariate linear regression with backward elimination revealed the following predictors of improvement of the sexual quotient: higher parity, higher adherence to PFME, improvement in the strength of PFM, and a decrease in the frequency of urine leakage (R2 = 0.497).

Conclusion
PFME was more beneficial with regard to sexual function in those women who presented with sexual dysfunction at baseline.
Systematic Review of Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Dogs with Immune‐mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Swann J.W. , Skelly B.J. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundTreatment of dogs with primary immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is difficult and frequently unrewarding. Prognostic factors have been evaluated in a number of previous studies, and identification of such factors would be beneficial to enable selection of appropriate therapeutic regimens and supportive care.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to undertake a critical appraisal of the risk of bias in evidence relating to prognostic indicators for mortality in dogs with IMHA.AnimalsThree hundred and eighty client‐owned dogs with spontaneous primary idiopathic IMHA reported in 6 previous studies.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to evaluate evidence relating to prognostic factors for mortality in dogs with primary IMHA. Search tools were employed to identify articles and a validated appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of individual studies by considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, measurement of prognostic, outcome and confounding variables, and statistical methods.ResultsFew studies evaluated prognostic indicators for IMHA in dogs, and all of these suffered from methodologic flaws in at least 1 major area. Fifteen different variables were identified as prognostic indicators, with 2 variables identified by >1 study.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThere are few pieces of high‐quality evidence available to enable estimation of prognosis for dogs presenting with primary IMHA.
Voluntary Surveillance Program for Equine Influenza Virus in the United States from 2010 to 2013
Authors: Pusterla N. , Kass P.H. , Mapes S. , Wademan C. , Akana N. , Barnett C. , MacKenzie C. , Vaala W. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundRecent surveillance studies for equine respiratory viruses have shown that equine influenza virus (EIV) continues to be a prevalent respiratory virus of equids throughout the United States and Europe.ObjectivesTo gain a better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of EIV shed by horses, mules and donkeys in the United States from March 2010 to November 2013.Animals2,605 equids.MethodsNasal secretions from index cases with acute onset of respiratory disease were tested by qPCR for EIV. Multilevel logistic regression was used to model the association between EIV status and prevalence factors. Furthermore, observations from EIV‐positive study horses were compared to previous data from March 2008 to February 2010.ResultsA total of 230 (9.7%) index cases tested qPCR positive for EIV. A higher‐than‐expected proportion of EIV qPCR‐positive horses occurred in the 1–5, 6–10, and 11–15 age groups when compared to the <1 year of age group. Fever, nasal discharge and coughing were positively associated with EIV‐positive horses. EIV qPCR‐positive study cases were significantly older and more often vaccinated against EIV compared to EIV qPCR‐positive animals from the 2008‐2010 study period.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study provides valuable and contemporary information on the frequency of EIV detected by qPCR in the United States. The results also underscore that older and previously vaccinated horses were susceptible to EIV.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of EquineCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisIsolates (1996–2012)
Authors: Rhodes D.M. , Magdesian K.G. , Byrne B.A. , Kass P.H. , Edman J. , Spier S.J. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundFew studies report the minimum inhibitory concentrations for antimicrobials against equineCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisisolates.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate trends in the in vitro activities of 20 antimicrobials against equineCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisisolates from 1996 to 2012 and to determine if a relationship exists between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and location of the abscess.AnimalsCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisisolates from 196 horses with naturally occurring disease.MethodsRetrospective and cross‐sectional design. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical andMICdata. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the microdilution technique. TheMICresults over 3 periods were compared (1996–2001, 2002–2006, 2007–2012).ResultsThe MIC90values for clinically relevant antimicrobials were as follows: chloramphenicol ≤4 μg/mL, enrofloxacin ≤0.25 μg/mL, gentamicin ≤1 μg/mL, penicillin =0.25 μg/mL, rifampin ≤1 μg/mL, tetracycline ≤2 μg/mL, trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS) ≤0.5 μg/mL, ceftiofur =2 μg/mL, and doxycycline ≤2 μg/mL. There were no significant changes inMICresults over the study period. There was no relationship betweenMICpatterns and abscess location.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceTheMIC50andMIC90values of antimicrobials evaluated in this study for equine isolates ofC. pseudotuberculosisdid not vary over time. Abscess location was not associated with differentMICpatterns in cultured isolates. Several commonly used antimicrobials are active in vitro againstC. pseudotuberculosisin vitro.
Inferring the mode of origin of polyploid species from next‐generation sequence data
Authors: Roux Camille , Pannell John R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMany eukaryote organisms are polyploid. However, despite their importance, evolutionary inference of polyploid origins and modes of inheritance has been limited by a need for analyses of allele segregation at multiple loci using crosses. The increasing availability of sequence data for nonmodel species now allows the application of established approaches for the analysis of genomic data in polyploids. Here, we ask whether approximate Bayesian computation (ABC), applied to realistic traditional and next‐generation sequence data, allows correct inference of the evolutionary and demographic history of polyploids. Using simulations, we evaluate the robustness of evolutionary inference byABCfor tetraploid species as a function of the number of individuals and loci sampled, and the presence or absence of an outgroup. We find thatABCadequately retrieves the recent evolutionary history of polyploid species on the basis of both old and new sequencing technologies. The application ofABCto sequence data from diploid and polyploid species of the plant genusCapsellaconfirms its utility. Our analysis strongly supports an allopolyploid origin ofC. bursa‐pastorisabout 80 000 years ago. This conclusion runs contrary to previous findings based on the same data set but using an alternative approach and is in agreement with recent findings based on whole‐genome sequencing. Our results indicate thatABCis a promising and powerful method for revealing the evolution of polyploid species, without the need to attribute alleles to a homeologous chromosome pair. The approach can readily be extended to more complex scenarios involving higher ploidy levels.