bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROSPER partnership delivery system: Effects on adolescent conduct problem behavior outcomes through 6.5 years past baseline
Authors: Spoth Richard L. , Trudeau Linda S. , Redmond Cleve , Shin Chungyeol , Greenberg Mark T. , Feinberg Mark E. , Hyun Gee‐Hong 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe report long‐term effects of the PROSPER delivery system for universal evidence‐based preventive interventions on adolescent conduct problem behaviors (CPBs). A cluster randomized trial included 28 school districts assigned to PROSPER or a control condition. Community‐based teams in PROSPER condition school districts selected evidence‐based interventions—a family‐focused intervention in sixth grade and a school‐based intervention the next year; follow‐up assessments were conducted through 12th grade. CPBs were measured with 12 self‐report items derived from the National Youth Survey. Intervention‐control differences were tested via a multi‐level Zero‐Inflated Poisson (ZIP) model. Differences were significant from 9th through 12th grades; Relative Reduction Rates were between 10.1% and 14.5%. The intervention group was delayed in reaching a 10th grade reference level of CPBs by 10.7 months. Moderation analyses indicated stronger effects for early substance initiators. Findings suggest that the PROSPER delivery system has the potential to reduce CPBs in general populations.
Social cognition, psychopathological symptoms, and family functioning in a sample of inpatient adolescents using variable‐centered and person‐centered approaches
Authors: Gambin Malgorzata , Gambin Tomasz , Sharp Carla 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe process of diagnosis and treatment planning for adolescents requires clinicians to integrate information about various domains of functioning especially: clinical signs and symptoms, social cognition and family functioning. In the current study we applied an integrative analytic approach to mirror case conceptualization by clinicians. Our analyses were performed on the data gathered from the 328 inpatient adolescents. We used a broad range of measures of social‐cognitive constructs, family functioning and parent‐and self‐reported psychopathology. Using a combination of variable‐based (PCA) and person‐centered (LCA) analyses we determined class membership of adolescents based on variation in social cognition, psychopathology, and family functioning. We identified five latent classes: two internalizing groups, two externalizing groups and a severe psychopathology group. Patterns of general hyperfunctioning (characterized by hypermentalizing and hypervigilance to emotional stimuli) and hypofunctioning (manifested in undermentalizing and under‐reactivity to emotional stimuli), can be observed in these groups.
Intraspecific bimodal variability in eye lenses of two Devonian trilobites
Authors: Crônier Catherine , Budil Petr , Fatka Oldřich , Laibl Lukáš 
Published: September 2015

AbstractArthropods are known to display a variable number of eye lenses and this number mostly increases during their development. In trilobites, most species possessing schizochroal eyes exhibit a notable intraspecific variation in the number of dorso ventral files of eye lenses that can be age related (i.e., growth) or not (i.e., living environment). Several previous studies have shown that some trilobite groups (e.g. phacopids) tend to have fewer lenses/files in representatives from the deeper habitats than those from shallower habitats. In this study, we analyzed the pattern of variation in the number of dorso ventral files of eye lenses in two Devonian phacopid trilobites from the Prague Basin of the Czech Republic. We quantified their intraspecific variability. To better understand the patterning, we compared more than 120 individuals. Data first reveal evidence of a bimodal distribution of lens/file number without intermediate forms among each of two studied populations ofProkops prokopi(Chlupáč, 1971) and throughout the ontogeny ofPedinopariops insequens(Chlupáč, 1977). Our results indicate that caution must be taken for taxonomical affiliation and biodiversity analyses of taxa in which the intraspecific variability is unclear. Additionally, we investigated possible relations of these bimodalities to the stratigraphical position of studied populations and to the paleoenvironment. InProkops prokopi, a slightly different age of both populations, together with supposed differences in the local environments can be responsible for observed variability. InPedinopariops insequens, stress conditions possibly related to the approaching onset of the Basal Choteč Event can be responsible for surprising intrapopulation variability. We speculate that the stress conditions could cause a bimodal selection and possibly also the change of ontogenetic trajectory within this species.Pedinopariops insequenswas the only phacopid in the Prague Basin that crosses the Lower/Middle Devonian boundary and survived also the onset of Basal Choteč Event.
Folic acid supplements and risk for oral clefts in the newborn: a population-based study
Authors: Gildestad Trude , Bjørge Tone , Vollset Stein Emil , Klungsøyr Kari , Nilsen Roy Miodini , Haaland Øystein Ariansen , Øyen Nina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractResults from previous studies on maternal folic acid intake and infant oral clefts are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between women’s use of folic acid and/or multivitamin supplements and the risk for oral cleft in the newborn. We used data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway based on all births in Norway from 1999 to 2013. A total of 528 220 women had 880 568 pregnancies, resulting in 896 674 live births and stillbirths, of which 1623 had oral clefts (isolated oral clefts,n1311; non-isolated oral clefts,n312). Altogether, 21·5 % of women were vitamin supplement users before pregnancy. The birth prevalence of oral clefts was 1·81/1000 live births and stillbirths. Relative risks (RR) were estimated with log-binomial regression. For pregnancies with maternal use of vitamins, the adjusted RR for clefts overall was 0·90 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·04). The adjusted RR for cleft palate only (n586) was 0·84 (95 % CI 0·66, 1·06) and that for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (n1037) was 0·94 (95 % CI 0·79, 1·13). Associations were stronger for cleft cases that occurred in combination with other malformations (adjusted RR 0·63; 95 % CI 0·45, 0·88), although vitamin supplements provided no protection against isolated clefts (adjusted RR 0·98; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·15). In conclusion, our study demonstrates no statistically significant association between vitamin use and isolated oral clefts. However, we found lower risk for oral clefts that occurred in combination with other malformations.
Dietary patterns and CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Rodríguez-Monforte Míriam , Flores-Mateo Gemma , Sánchez Emília 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEpidemiological studies show that diet is linked to the risk of developing CVD. The objective of this meta-analysis was to estimate the association between empirically derived dietary patterns and CVD. PubMed was searched for observational studies of data-driven dietary patterns that reported outcomes of cardiovascular events. The association between dietary patterns and CVD was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis with 95 % CI. Totally, twenty-two observational studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled relative risk (RR) for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns in cohort studies was 0·69 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·78;I2=0 %), 0·83 (95 % CI 0·75, 0·92;I2=44·6 %) and 0·86 (95 % CI 0·74, 1·01;I2=59·5 %), respectively. The pooled RR of CHD in a case–control comparison of the highest to the lowest category of prudent/healthy dietary patterns was 0·71 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·80;I2=0 %). The pooled RR for CVD, CHD and stroke in a comparison of the highest to the lowest category of western dietary patterns in cohort studies was 1·14 (95 % CI 0·92, 1·42;I2=56·9 %), 1·03 (95 % CI 0·90, 1·17;I2=59·4 %) and 1·05 (95 % CI 0·91, 1·22;I2=27·6 %), respectively; in case–control studies, there was evidence of increased CHD risk. Our results support the evidence of the prudent/healthy pattern as a protective factor for CVD.
Bone conduction implants – a rapidly developing field
Authors: Edmiston R C , Aggarwal R , Green K M J 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:Since their introduction in 1977, the technology and surgical techniques surrounding the use and application of bone-anchored hearing devices have developed considerably.Objective:This article reviews current developments in the use of bone-anchored hearing devices, looking at the possible options for patients, complications encountered and future possibilities.Conclusion:Advances in surgical technique are described, with the move towards the use of linear incisions and no soft tissue reduction. Methods for preventing complications are analysed, with review of different abutments and the introduction of the active bone conduction implant.
Spontaneous closure of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations: observational study
Authors: Jellinge M E , Kristensen S , Larsen K 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground:The treatment of traumatic tympanic membrane perforations varies in different investigations, ranging from observation to early surgical repair. The present study aimed to focus on the closure rate and the closure time in a group of patients treated with a watchful waiting policy.Methods:The study comprised 133 consecutive patients with a total of 137 perforations. Data were evaluated in terms of aetiology, location and size of perforation, audiometric findings, closure rate, and closure time.Results:The overall closure rate was 97 per cent. For patients with a known closure time within three months, the median closure time was between three and four weeks. The probability of spontaneous closure over time was further analysed with Kaplan–Meier plots, for those perforations with known closure times and for all perforations including those with unknown closure times. Perforation size was the only significant determining factor for closure time.Conclusion:Small perforations had a high probability of spontaneous closure within three to four weeks, justifying a watchful waiting policy. Larger uncomplicated perforations might warrant early surgical repair, depending on the patient's needs and the availability of surgery.
‘ROCK SPECTRALE’: THE CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE ELECTRIC GUITAR IN TRISTAN MURAIL'S vampyr!
Authors: Jameson Ben 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe electric guitar is one of the most iconic musical instruments of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and, due to its ubiquitous use in much rock and popular music, it has developed a strong cultural identity. In recent years, as the electric guitar has become increasingly common in contemporary concert music, its cultural associations have inevitably shaped how composers, performers and listeners understand music performed on the instrument. This article investigates various issues relating to the electric guitar's cultural identity in the context of Tristan Murail's Vampyr! (1984), in the hope of demonstrating perspectives that will be useful in considering new music for the electric guitar more generally. The article draws both on established analytical approaches to Murail's spectral oeuvre and on concepts from popular music and cultural studies, in order to analyse the influence that the electric guitar's associations from popular culture have in new music.
Living arrangements and marital status: a register-based study of survival of older adults in Belgium at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: HERM ANNE , ANSON JON , POULAIN MICHEL 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTBeing married reduces the mortality risk of older persons. More generally, living arrangements that include co-residence with a source of support and a close care-giver are associated with a lower mortality risk. We build a detailed typology of private and collective living arrangements, including marital status, and check its association with mortality risks, controlling for health status. Using administrative data from the population register, we identify the living arrangement of all individuals aged 65 years and over living in Belgium as at 1 January 2002, and their survival during the year 2002. Data on health status are extracted from the 2001 census. We use binary logistic regression with the probability to die as outcome and living arrangement, health, age and gender as covariates. Our results show that mortality is more closely associated with actual living arrangements than with marital status. This association is age and gender-specific and remains even at very old ages. Living with a spouse is confirmed to be beneficial for survival but in older age living alone becomes more favourable. Of all living arrangements, older persons living in religious communities experience the lowest mortality risk whereas those living in nursing homes experience the highest risk.
Seasonality ofCampylobacter jejuniisolates associated with human campylobacteriosis in the Manawatu region, New Zealand
Authors: FRIEDRICH A. , MARSHALL J. C. , BIGGS P. J. , MIDWINTER A. C. , FRENCH N. P. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYA 9-year time-series of genotyped human campylobacteriosis cases from the Manawatu region of New Zealand was used to investigate strain-type seasonality. The data were collected from 2005 to 2013 and the samples were multi-locus sequence-typed (MLST). The four most prevalent clonal complexes (CCs), consisting of 1215 isolates, were CC48, CC21, CC45 and CC61. Seasonal decomposition and Poisson regression with autocorrelated errors, were used to display and test for seasonality of the most prevalent CCs. Of the four examined CCs, only CC45 showed a marked seasonal (summer) peak. The association of CC45 with summer peaks has been observed in other temperate countries, but has previously not been identified in New Zealand. This is the first in-depth study over a long time period employing MLST data to examine strain-type-associated seasonal patterns ofC. jejuniinfection in New Zealand.
Genotype-based clinical manifestation and treatment of Chinese long QT syndrome patients withKCNQ1mutations – R380S and W305L
Authors: Zhou Hui , Lai Wei , Zhu Wengen , Xie Jinyan , Liu Xin , Shen Yang , Yuan Ping , Liu Ying , Cao Qin , He Wenfeng , Hong Kui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimMost long QT syndrome patients are associated with genetic mutations. We aimed to investigate the clinical and biochemical characteristics and look for genotype-based preventive implications in Chinese long QT syndrome patients.Methods and resultsWe identified two missense mutations of theKCNQ1gene in two independent Chinese families, including a previously reported mutation R380S in the C-terminus and a novel mutation W305L in the P-loop domain of the Kv7.1 channel, respectively. The proband with R380S was an 11-year-old girl who suffered a prolonged corrected QT interval of 660 ms, recurrent syncope, and sudden cardiac death, whose father was an asymptomatic carrier. The mutation W305L was detected in a 36-year-old woman with long QT syndrome and her immediate family members including the proband’s younger sister with an unexplained syncope, her son, and her elder daughter without symptoms. Metoprolol appeared to be effective in preventing arrhythmias and syncope in long QT syndrome patients with mutation W305L. Both R380S and W305L mutations led to “loss-of-function” of the Kv7.1 channel accounting for the clinical phenotypes.ConclusionsWe first show two missenseKCNQ1mutations – R380S and W305L – in Chinese long QT syndrome patients, resulting in the loss of protein function. Mutation W305L in the P-loop domain of the Kv7.1 may derive a pronounced benefit from β-blocker therapy in symptomatic long QT syndrome patients, whereas mutation R380S located in the C-terminus may be associated with a high risk of sudden cardiac death.
Phonetisaurus: Exploring grapheme-to-phoneme conversion with joint n-gram models in the WFST framework
Authors: NOVAK JOSEF ROBERT , MINEMATSU NOBUAKI , HIROSE KEIKICHI 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper provides an analysis of several practical issues related to the theory and implementation of Grapheme-to-Phoneme (G2P) conversion systems utilizing the Weighted Finite-State Transducer paradigm. The paper addresses issues related to system accuracy, training time and practical implementation. The focus is on joint n-gram models which have proven to provide an excellent trade-off between system accuracy and training complexity. The paper argues in favor of simple, productive approaches to G2P, which favor a balance between training time, accuracy and model complexity. The paper also introduces the first instance of using joint sequence RnnLMs directly for G2P conversion, and achieves new state-of-the-art performance via ensemble methods combining RnnLMs and n-gram based models. In addition to detailed descriptions of the approach, minor yet novel implementation solutions, and experimental results, the paper introducesPhonetisaurus, a fully-functional, flexible, open-source, BSD-licensed G2P conversion toolkit, which leverages the OpenFst library. The work is intended to be accessible to a broad range of readers.
Robot-Guided Atomic Force Microscopy for Mechano-Visual Phenotyping of Cancer Specimens
Authors: Chen Wenjin , Brandes Zachary , Roy Rajarshi , Chekmareva Marina , Pandya Hardik J. , Desai Jaydev P. , Foran David J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) and other forms of scanning probe microscopy have been successfully used to assess biomechanical and bioelectrical characteristics of individual cells. When extending such approaches to heterogeneous tissue, there exists the added challenge of traversing the tissue while directing the probe to the exact location of the targeted biological components under study. Such maneuvers are extremely challenging owing to the relatively small field of view, limited availability of reliable visual cues, and lack of context. In this study we designed a system that leverages the visual topology of the serial tissue sections of interest to help guide robotic control of the AFM stage to provide the requisite navigational support. The process begins by mapping the whole-slide image of a stained specimen with a well-matched, consecutive section of unstained section of tissue in a piecewise fashion. The morphological characteristics and localization of any biomarkers in the stained section can be used to position the AFM probe in the unstained tissue at regions of interest where the AFM measurements are acquired. This general approach can be utilized in various forms of microscopy for navigation assistance in tissue specimens.
Stiff substrates increase YAP-signaling-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-7 expression
Authors: Nukuda A , Sasaki C , Ishihara S , Mizutani T , Nakamura K , Ayabe T , Kawabata K , Haga H 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAbnormally stiff substrates have been shown to trigger cancer progression. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying this trigger are not clear. In this study, we cultured T84 human colorectal cancer cells on plastic dishes to create a stiff substrate or on collagen-I gel to create a soft substrate. The stiff substrate enhanced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), an indicator of poor prognosis. In addition, we used polyacrylamide gels (2, 67 and 126 kPa) so that the MMP-7 expression on the 126-kPa gel was higher compared with that on the 2-kPa gel. Next, we investigated whether yes-associated protein (YAP) affected the MMP-7 expression. YAP knockdown decreased MMP-7 expression. Treatment with inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC) and integrin-α2 or integrin-β1 knockdown downregulated MMP-7 expression. Finally, we demonstrated that YAP, EGFR, integrin-α2β1 and MRLC produced a positive feedback loop that enhanced MMP-7 expression. These findings suggest that stiff substrates enhanced colorectal cancer cell viability by upregulating MMP-7 expression through a positive feedback loop.
Foldable and Cytocompatible Sol-gel TiO2 Photonics
Authors: Li Lan , Zhang Ping , Wang Wei-Ming , Lin Hongtao , Zerdoum Aidan B. , Geiger Sarah J. , Liu Yangchen , Xiao Nicholas , Zou Yi , Ogbuu Okechukwu , Du Qingyang , Jia Xinqiao , Li Jingjing , Hu Juejun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntegrated photonics provides a miniaturized and potentially implantable platform to manipulate and enhance the interactions between light and biological molecules or tissues in in-vitro and in-vivo settings and is thus being increasingly adopted in a wide cross-section of biomedical applications ranging from disease diagnosis to optogenetic neuromodulation. However, the mechanical rigidity of substrates traditionally used for photonic integration is fundamentally incompatible with soft biological tissues. Cytotoxicity of materials and chemicals used in photonic device processing imposes another constraint towards these biophotonic applications. Here we present thin film TiO2 as a viable material for biocompatible and flexible integrated photonics. Amorphous TiO2 films were deposited using a low temperature (<250 °C) sol-gel process fully compatible with monolithic integration on plastic substrates. High-index-contrast flexible optical waveguides and resonators were fabricated using the sol-gel TiO2 material and resonator quality factors up to 20,000 were measured. Following a multi-neutral-axis mechanical design, these devices exhibit remarkable mechanical flexibility and can sustain repeated folding without compromising their optical performance. Finally, we validated the low cytotoxicity of the sol-gel TiO2 devices through in-vitro cell culture tests. These results demonstrate the potential of sol-gel TiO2 as a promising material platform for novel biophotonic devices.
2.4 GHz CMOS self‐biased power amplifier with embedded diode lineariser
Authors: Ren Zhixiong , Zhang Kefeng , Liu Lanqi , Liu Zhenglin , Chen Xiaofei , Liu Dongsheng , Zou Xuecheng 
Published: September 2015

A high‐linearity CMOS power amplifier (PA) operating at 2.4 GHz with an integrated diode lineariser is presented. A diode‐connected N‐type MOS transistor is used to increase the Vgs of the power transistor as input power increases for linearity improvement. The CMOS PA fabricated in 180 nm CMOS technology achieved 32 dB small signal gain, 30.2 dBm Psat, 28.2 dBm P1 dB, and a 31.1% peak power added efficiency. By adopting the proposed diode lineariser, the output 1 dB is improved from 24.9 to 28.2 dBm.
Flexible wavelength conversion based on four‐wave mixing in tellurite microstructured optical fibre
Authors: Zhang L. , Tuan T.H. , Kawamura H. , Sega D. , Deng D. , Suzuki T. , Ohishi Y. 
Published: September 2015

On the basis of the tuned four‐wave mixing generated in a tellurite microstructured optical fibre, flexible and efficient wavelength conversion can be realised. The signal at 1494 nm can be converted to any wavelength in the band from 1598 to 1641.5 nm by tuning the pump wavelength. A 27.6 dB maximum idler conversion efficiency has been achieved.