bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Development of Spray Cooling Device for Heat Treatment of Large Steel Forgings
Authors: Maisuradze M. V. , Yudin Yu. V. , Ryzhkov M. A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Methods for determining the main service characteristics of cooling devices (irrigation density, its distribution on the cooling surface, and dependence of the heat-transfer coefficient versus temperature) are described. An investigation of technological and design parameters of spraying jets and their effect on cooling capability of large steel forgings (e.g., hot-rolling mill rolls) are presented. The technological parameters under consideration are water pressure in spraying jets and the number of spraying jets in a cooling device. The varied design parameters of spraying jets are the diameters of the channels in spraying jets, the distance between the jets, and the distance from the cooling surface. The results of the experiments were applied to obtain the dependency between technological and design parameters versus main service characteristics of spraying jets to develop and optimize the technology of heat treatment of large steel forgings. These relations were applied for modeling spray cooling of hot-rolling mill rolls.
The incidence rate of pituitary adenomas in western Sweden for the period 2001–2011
Authors: Tjörnstrand Axel , Gunnarsson Kerstin , Evert Max , Holmberg Erik , Ragnarsson Oskar , Rosén Thord , Filipsson Nyström Helena 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveThe number of studies on the incidence of pituitary adenomas (PAs) is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the standardised incidence rate (SIR) of PAs in western Sweden.Design, subjects and methodsData from adult patients diagnosed with PAs in 2001–2011, living in the Västra Götaland County, were collected from the Swedish Pituitary Registry (SPR). In addition, medical records on all patients diagnosed with PAs at the six hospitals in the region were reviewed. In total, 592 patients were included in the study.Age-SIR, given as rate/100 000 inhabitants (95% CI), was calculated using the WHO 2000 standard population as a reference.ResultsThe total SIR for PAs was 3.9/100 000 (3.6–4.3); 3.3/100 000 (2.9–3.7) for men and 4.7/100 000 (4.1–5.3) for women. In men, SIR increased with age, while in women SIR peaked at 25–34 years, mainly due to prolactinomas. Non-functioning PA (NFPA) was the most common PA (54%, 1.8/100 000 (1.6–2.0)) followed by prolactinomas (32%, 1.6/100 000 (1.3–1.9)), acromegaly (9%, 0.35/100 000 (0.25–0.45)), Cushing's disease (4%, 0.18/100 000 (0.11–0.25)) and TSH-producing PA (0.7%, 0.03/100 000 (0.00–0.05)). The proportion of macroadenomas for NFPA was 82%, prolactinomas 37%, GH-producing PA 77%, ACTH-producing PA 28% and TSH-producing PA 100%. The lifetime risk for PAs was 0.27% (0.24–0.31) in men and 0.29% (0.26–0.33) in women.ConclusionThis study provides a reliable estimate on the overall incidence of PAs and confirms an increased incidence of PAs compared with studies conducted in the pre-magnetic resonance imaging era. The lower proportion of prolactinomas compared with previous studies is probably explained by the different criteria used.
Ten weeks of aerobic training does not result in persistent changes in VLDL triglyceride turnover or oxidation in healthy men
Authors: Nellemann Birgitte , Christensen Britt , Vissing Kristian , Thams Line , Sieljacks Peter , Larsen Mads Sørensen , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Nielsen Søren 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveVery low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL–TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) constitute a substantial proportion of human energy supply both at rest and during exercise. Exercise acutely decreases VLDL–TG concentration, and VLDL–TG clearance is increased after an exercise bout. However, the effects of long-term training are not clear.DesignThe aim was to investigate long-term effects of training by direct assessments of VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics and oxidation in healthy lean men (n=9) at rest, before and after a 10-week training program, compared with a non-training control group (n=9).MethodsVLDL–TG kinetics were assessed by a primed constant infusion of [1-14C]VLDL–TG, and VLDL–TG oxidation by specific activity (14CO2) in expired air. The metabolic study days were placed 60–72 h after the last exercise bout.ResultsPalmitate kinetics and oxidation were assessed by a 2 h constant infusion of [9,10-3H]palmitate. In the training group (n=9), maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly by ≈20% (P<0.05), and the insulin sensitivity (assessed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp) improved significantly (P<0.05). Despite these metabolic improvements, no changes were observed in VLDL–TG secretion, clearance, or oxidation or in palmitate kinetics.ConclusionWe conclude that 10 weeks of exercise training did not induce changes in VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics in healthy lean men.
Prevalence of insulin resistance and risk of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients receiving current antiretroviral drugs
Authors: Araujo Susana , Bañón Sara , Machuca Isabel , Moreno Ana , Pérez-Elías María J , Casado José L 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveHIV-infected patients had a higher prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) than that observed in healthy controls, but there are no data about the current prevalence considering the changes in HIV presentation and the use of newer antiretroviral drugs.DesignLongitudinal study which involved 265 HIV patients without DM, receiving first (n=71) and advanced lines of antiretroviral therapy (n=194).MethodsPrevalence of IR according to clinical and anthropometric variables, including dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan evaluation. IR was defined as homeostasis model assessment of IR ≥3.8. Incident DM was assessed during the follow-up.ResultsFirst-line patients had a short time of HIV infection, less hepatitis C virus coinfection, and received mainly an efavirenz-based regimen. Overall, the prevalence of IR was 21% (55 patients, 6% in first-line, 27% in pretreated). In a logistic regression analysis, significant associations were found between the waist/hip circumference ratio (RR 10; 95% CI 1.66–16;P<0.01, per unit), and central fat in percentage (RR 1.08; 95% CI 1.01–1.17;P=0.04, per unit) as evaluated by DXA, and IR. During 770.8 patient-years, DM was diagnosed in 8% (22 patients), mostly in pretreated patients (10 vs 4%;P=0.1). Thus, the overall rate of incident DM was 2.85 per 100 person-years, mostly in previous IR (10.39 vs 0.82/100 person-years;P=0.01).ConclusionsA lower prevalence of IR is observed in the current HIV-infected patients with fewer risk factors and receiving newer antiretroviral drugs. IR continues to identify patients at high risk for developing DM in the short term.
Haldane’s Rule Is Linked to Extraordinary Sex Ratios and Sperm Length in Stalk-Eyed Flies
Authors: Wilkinson Gerald S , Christianson Sarah J , Brand Cara L , Ru George , Shell Wyatt 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe use three allopatric populations of the stalk-eyed fly Teleopsis dalmanni from Southeast Asia to test two predictions made by the sex chromosome drive hypothesis for Haldane’s rule. The first is that modifiers that suppress or enhance drive should evolve rapidly and independently in isolated populations. The second is that drive loci or modifiers should also cause sterility in hybrid males. We tested these predictions by assaying the fertility of 2066 males derived from backcross experiments involving two pairs of populations and found that the proportion of mated males that fail to produce any offspring ranged from 38 to 60% among crosses with some males producing strongly female-biased or male-biased sex ratios. After genotyping each male at 25–28 genetic markers we found quantitative trait loci (QTL) that jointly influence male sterility, sperm length, and biased progeny sex ratios in each pair of populations, but almost no shared QTL between population crosses. We also discovered that the extant XSR chromosome has no effect on sex ratio or sterility in these backcross males. Whether shared QTL are caused by linkage or pleiotropy requires additional study. Nevertheless, these results indicate the presence of a “cryptic” drive system that is currently masked by suppressing elements that are associated with sterility and sperm length within but not between populations and, therefore, must have evolved since the populations became isolated, i.e., in &lt;100,000 years. We discuss how genes that influence sperm length may contribute to hybrid sterility.
Mitochondrial-Nuclear Epistasis Contributes to Phenotypic Variation and Coadaptation in Natural Isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Paliwal Swati , Fiumera Anthony C , Fiumera Heather L 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Mitochondria are essential multifunctional organelles whose metabolic functions, biogenesis, and maintenance are controlled through genetic interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. In natural populations, mitochondrial efficiencies may be impacted by epistatic interactions between naturally segregating genome variants. The extent that mitochondrial-nuclear epistasis contributes to the phenotypic variation present in nature is unknown. We have systematically replaced mitochondrial DNAs in a collection of divergent Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast isolates and quantified the effects on growth rates in a variety of environments. We found that mitochondrial-nuclear interactions significantly affected growth rates and explained a substantial proportion of the phenotypic variances under some environmental conditions. Naturally occurring mitochondrial-nuclear genome combinations were more likely to provide growth advantages, but genetic distance could not predict the effects of epistasis. Interruption of naturally occurring mitochondrial-nuclear genome combinations increased endogenous reactive oxygen species in several strains to levels that were not always proportional to growth rate differences. Our results demonstrate that interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes generate phenotypic diversity in natural populations of yeasts and that coadaptation of intergenomic interactions likely occurs quickly within the specific niches that yeast occupy. This study reveals the importance of considering allelic interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes when investigating evolutionary relationships and mapping the genetic basis underlying complex traits.
Regulation of Glucose-Dependent Gene Expression by the RNA Helicase Dbp2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Beck Zachary T , Cloutier Sara C , Schipma Matthew J , Petell Christopher J , Kit Wai ,   Ma, Tran Elizabeth J 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires a fine balance between energy uptake, utilization, and growth. Dbp2 is a member of the DEAD-box protein family in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with characterized ATPase and helicase activity in vitro. DEAD-box RNA helicases are a class of enzymes that utilize ATP hydrolysis to remodel RNA and/or RNA–protein (RNP) composition. Dbp2 has been proposed to utilize its helicase activity in vivo to promote RNA–protein complex assembly of both messenger (m)RNAs and long noncoding (lnc)RNAs. Previous work from our laboratory demonstrated that loss of DBP2 enhances the lncRNA-dependent transcriptional induction of the GAL genes by abolishing glucose-dependent repression. Herein, we report that either a carbon source switch or glucose deprivation results in rapid export of Dbp2 to the cytoplasm. Genome-wide RNA sequencing identified a new class of antisense hexose transporter transcripts that are specifically upregulated upon loss of DBP2. Further investigation revealed that both sense and antisense hexose transporter (HXT) transcripts are aberrantly expressed in DBP2-deficient cells and that this expression pathway can be partially mimicked in wild-type cells by glucose depletion. We also find that Dbp2 promotes ribosome biogenesis and represses alternative ATP-producing pathways, as loss of DBP2 alters the transcript levels of ribosome biosynthesis (snoRNAs and associated proteins) and respiration gene products. This suggests that Dbp2 is a key integrator of nutritional status and gene expression programs required for energy homeostasis.
Caracterización del saber pedagógico: Estudio en profesorado novel
Authors: Almonacid-Fierro Alejandro , Merellano-Navarro Eugenio , Moreno-Doña Alberto 
Published: August 2014

Recibido 9 de diciembre de 2013 • Corregido 14 de mayo de 2014 • Aceptado 22 de agosto de 2014El saber pedagógico como un despliegue específico de las narrativas y configuraciones paradigmáticas e ideológicas sobre el carácter y sentido de la acción educativa es, en definitiva, lo que cada docente explicita como ambiente de aprendizaje. De ahí que su caracterización y categorización se convierta en un eje central de conocimiento científico y pedagógico. El propósito del presente artículo científico fue indagar, describir e interpretar cuáles son las relaciones entre la práctica desplegada en el aula y los saberes pedagógicos desde la relación docente-discente en profesores noveles egresados de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, sustentada en la perspectiva epistemológica del paradigma interpretativo optando por la comprensión subjetiva de dicho proceso. Quienes participaron enfatizaron la importancia de la experiencia práctica como algo fundamental en su formación docente. Adicionalmente, indicaron como positivo el énfasis que otorga la Universidad Autónoma de Chile en la búsqueda de un personal docente reflexivo, crítico y autónomo a través de una práctica pedagógica con énfasis en la co-construcción del conocimiento.
Analysis of Promoter Methylation, Polymorphism and Expression Prole of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Antigen-4 in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kordi-Tamandani Dor Mohammad , Davani Shahrbbanou Karimi , Baranzehi Taybeh , Hemati Simin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground & Aim: Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA4) is a crucial immune-checkpoint receptor regulating T-cell activation. The current study was carried out to evaluate the function of CTLA4 gene in patients with gastric cancer.Methods: The methylation of CTLA4 gene promoter was evaluated by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) technique using 85 paraffin-embedded gastric cancer tissue samples and normal tissue on the tumor margins as control tissue samples. Expression analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue samples (25 each of cancerous and normal tissues) using Real-time PCR.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the tumor and margin-cell areas withrespect to promoter methylation status (OR = 4.829, 95% CI: 2.46-9.48, p < 0.001) and CTLA4 expression profile (mean ± SD = 7.56 ± 17.35, p = 0.04).Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the current study is the first one highlighting the association between promoter hypermethylation of CTLA4 gene, decreased CTLA4 expression, and increased risk of gastric cancer.
Changes in Esophageal and Lower Esophageal Sphincter Motility with Healthy Aging
Authors: Besanko Laura K. , Burgstad Carly M. , Cock Charles , Heddle Richard , Fraser Alison , Fraser Robert J.L. 
Published: August 2014

Background & Aims: Swallowing difficulties become increasingly prevalent in older age. Differences exist in lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function between older and younger patients with dysphagia, but the contribution of aging per se to these is unclear.Methods: Esophageal motor function was measured using high resolution manometry in older (aged 81±1.7 yrs) and younger (23±1.7 yrs) asymptomatic healthy adults. After baseline recording, motility was assessed by swallowing boluses of liquid (right lateral and upright postures) and solids. Basal LES pressure, integrated relaxation pressure, distal esophageal peristaltic amplitude and velocity were measured. Data are presented as mean ą SEM.Results: Despite a trend for lower basal LES pressure (15.7±2.9 mmHg vs. 21.0±0.2mmHg; P=0.08),completeness of LES relaxation was reduced in older subjects (liquid RL: P=0.003; UR: P=0.007; solid: P=0.03), with higher integrated relaxation pressure when upright (liquid: 6.9±1.1 vs. 3.1±0.4 mmHg; P=0.01; solids: 8.1±1.1 vs. 3.6±0.3 mmHg; P=0.001) and a longer time to recovery after liquid boluses (right lateral: P=0.01; upright: P=0.04). In young, but not older adults, esophageal peristaltic velocity was increased when upright (3.6±0.2 cm/sec; P=0.04) and reduced with solids (3.0±0.1 cm/sec; P=0.03). Distal contraction amplitude was higher with solids in the young (51.8±7.9 mmHg) but not older (41.4±6.2 mmHg; P=0.03) individuals. In elderly subjects, the distal contractile integral was higher with liquid swallows in the upright posture (P=0.006).Conclusion: There are subtle changes in LES function even in asymptomatic older individuals. These agerelated changes may contribute to the development of dysphagia.
Mucosal Expression of Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor, Syndecan 1 and Tumour Necrosis Factor-α in Crohn’s Disease in Deep Remission under Treatment with Anti-TNFα Antibodies
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Elisei Walter , Principi Mariabeatrice , Inchingolo Cosimo Damiano , Nenna Rosanna , Picchio Marcello , Giorgio Floriana , Ierardi Enzo , Brandimarte Giovanni 
Published: August 2014

Background & Aims: Both inflammation and fibrosis may be detected in Crohn's disease (CD). The molecular pattern of Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) and Syndecan-1 (SD1) expression is altered in stenosing CD, but we do not know what the behaviour of this teamwork factor is in CD in deep remission under treatment with anti-TNFα antibodies. Our aim was to compare the expression of bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α in patients with CD in deep remission under treatment with Infliximab (IFX) or Adalimumab (ADA) and a control group of patients with active CD.Methods: We assessed the expression of bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α in 10 patients with active CD and in 28 patients with CD in sustained deep remission for at least 6 months. All patients underwent surveillance colonoscopy with biopsies, while receiving maintenance therapy with IFX or ADA. Analysis was conducted by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in biopsy samples.Results: We found that bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α were significantly reduced under treatment with anti-TNFα versus controls (p=0.000). bFGF and SD1 expression were similar between IFX and ADA patients (p=0.335 and p=0.289, respectively), while TNF-α was significantly under-expressed in ADA patients (p=0.008).Conclusions: bFGF, SD1 and TNF-α are significantly reduced in CD patients in deep remission under treatment with anti-TNFα, likely as an expression of optimal control of inflammation. The significance of the TNF-α under-expression in patients under treatment with ADA with respect to those under treatment with IFX should be elucidated in further studies.
The lectin-binding pattern of nucleolin and its interaction with endogenous galectin-3
Authors: Hoja-Łukowicz Dorota , Kedracka-Krok Sylwia , Duda Weronika , Lityńska Anna 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUnlike nuclear nucleolin, surface-expressed and cytoplasmic nucleolin exhibit Tn antigen. Here, we show localization-dependent differences in the glycosylation and proteolysis patterns of nucleolin. Our results provide evidence for different paths of nucleolin proteolysis in the nucleus, in the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface. We found that full-length nucleolin and some proteolytic fragments coexist within live cells and are not solely the result of the preparation procedure. Extranuclear nucleolin undergoes N- and O-glycosylation, and unlike cytoplasmic nucleolin, membrane-associated nucleolin is not fucosylated. Here, we show for the first time that nucleolin and endogenous galectin-3 exist in the same complexes in the nucleolus, the cytoplasm, and on the cell surface of melanoma cells. Assessments of the interaction of nucleolin with galectin-3 revealed nucleolar co-localization in interphase, suggesting that galectin-3 may be involved in DNA organization and ribosome biogenesis.
Microbe-Specific Unconventional T Cells Induce Human Neutrophil Differentiation into Antigen Cross-Presenting Cells
Authors: Davey Martin S. , Morgan Matt P. , Liuzzi Anna Rita , Tyler Christopher J. , Khan Mohd Wajid A. , Szakmany Tamas , Hall Judith E. , Moser Bernhard , Eberl Matthias 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The early immune response to microbes is dominated by the recruitment of neutrophils whose primary function is to clear invading pathogens. However, there is emerging evidence that neutrophils play additional effector and regulatory roles. The present study demonstrates that human neutrophils assume Ag cross-presenting functions and suggests a plausible scenario for the local generation of APC-like neutrophils through the mobilization of unconventional T cells in response to microbial metabolites. Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant in blood, inflamed tissues, and mucosal barriers. In this study, both human cell types responded rapidly to neutrophils after phagocytosis of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria producing the corresponding ligands, and in turn mediated the differentiation of neutrophils into APCs for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through secretion of GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. In patients with acute sepsis, circulating neutrophils displayed a similar APC-like phenotype and readily processed soluble proteins for cross-presentation of antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells, at a time when peripheral Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells were highly activated. Our findings indicate that unconventional T cells represent key controllers of neutrophil-driven innate and adaptive responses to a broad range of pathogens.
Importance of Presurgical Breast MRI in Patients 60 Years of Age and Older
Authors: Destounis Stamatia V , Arieno Andrea L , Morgan Renee C 
Published: August 2014

Objective:
To demonstrate the importance of presurgical bilateral breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in women 60 years of age and older.

Materials and Methods:
Institutional review board approval was obtained with waiver of informed consent for this retrospective review. From December 2003 to December 2011, all patients 60 years and older who had presurgical bilateral breast MRI were reviewed, revealing 1268 presurgical MRI examinations; 310 had a new lesion identified by MRI. Cases were excluded due to incomplete or missing data, resulting in 243 patients with 272 findings eligible for analysis. Data recorded included patient demographics, core biopsy method and pathology, type of surgery, and surgical pathology results.

Results:
Of 1268 exams performed in this population, 272 (21.5%) patients with suspicious MRI findings underwent needle biopsy. Malignancy was found in 114 (42%), benign findings in 127 (47%), and atypia in 31 (11%). Of the malignancies, 83 were in the ipsilateral breast and 31 in the contralateral breast to the original diagnosis. Of the ipsilateral findings, 47 were in the same quadrant as the primary diagnosis, 28 in a different quadrant, and 8 were metastatic lymph nodes. Of the 31 atypical findings, 14 were contralateral to the primary diagnosis and 17 were ipsilateral. Two hundred and thirty-three patients underwent surgical excision; 111 changed their surgical management as a lesion was seen on MRI and was diagnosed as cancer on needle biopsy.

Conclusions:
Among the patients aged 60 years and above who had presurgical bilateral breast MRI, we found additional cancers in 9.0% (n = 114/1268) and atypia in 2.4% (n = 31/1268). A change in management as a result of the MRI-detected lesion occurred in 8.8% (n = 111/1268). These results demonstrate that performing presurgical bilateral breast MRI is of value in women 60 years of age and above.