bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the seasonal origins of human campylobacteriosis
Authors: STRACHAN N. J. C. , ROTARIU O. , SMITH-PALMER A. , COWDEN J. , SHEPPARD S. K. , O'BRIEN S. J. , MAIDEN M. C. J. , MACRAE M. , BESSELL P. R. , MATTHEWS L. , REID S. W. J. , INNOCENT G. T. , OGDEN I. D. , FORBES K. J. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYHuman campylobacteriosis exhibits a distinctive seasonality in temperate regions. This paper aims to identify the origins of this seasonality. Clinical isolates [typed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)] and epidemiological data were collected from Scotland. Young rural children were found to have an increased burden of disease in the late spring due to strains of non-chicken origin (e.g. ruminant and wild bird strains from environmental sources). In contrast the adult population had an extended summer peak associated with chicken strains. Travel abroad and UK mainland travel were associated with up to 17% and 18% of cases, respectively. International strains were associated with chicken, had a higher diversity than indigenous strains and a different spectrum of MLST types representative of these countries. Integrating empirical epidemiology and molecular subtyping can successfully elucidate the seasonal components of human campylobacteriosis. The findings will enable public health officials to focus strategies to reduce the disease burden.
Quand dire, c'est édulcorer et occulter: l'euphémisme dans l'information médiatique
Authors: LÓPEZ DÍAZ MONTSERRAT 
Published: September 2012

RÉSUMÉCet article se propose d'interroger la notion d'euphémisme dans deux versants qu'on lui a grossièrement reconnus sans vraiment les définir: d'un côté, on l'a associé à la politesse et à la prudence, et de l'autre à la volonté de tromper. À partir d'un corpus médiatique on tentera, dans un premier temps, de mettre en œuvre les mécanismes sémantico-énonciatifs qui sous-tendent cette hypothétique double euphémisation, compte tenu de la dépendance contextuelle du procédé. Ensuite sera analysé le rapport de l'euphémisme aux notions connexes de langue de bois et de politiquement correct. Puis on abordera le phénomène du non-compromis énonciatif, allié de l'euphémisme par l'omission de l'agent réalisant l'action, et de l'idéologie du dire de convenance. On soulèvera, pour terminer, la question de la variation stylistique selon laquelle les procédés substitutifs sembleraient parfois conçus dans le but d'éviter des répétitions plutôt qu'en raison d'un quelconque besoin d'adoucir les propos, et de la variation contextuelle qui convoque la même expression avec des valeurs opposées en fonction de son entourage linguistique.
Healthy conversation skills: increasing competence and confidence in front-line staff
Authors: Black Christina , Lawrence Wendy , Cradock Sue , Ntani Georgia , Tinati Tannaze , Jarman Megan , Begum Rufia , Inskip Hazel , Cooper Cyrus , Barker Mary , Baird Janis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjective(i) To assess change in confidence in having conversations that support parents with healthy eating and physical activity post-training. (ii) To assess change in staff competence in using ‘open discovery’ questions (those generally beginning with ‘how’ and ‘what’ that help individuals reflect and identify barriers and solutions) post-training. (iii) To examine the relationship between confidence and competence post-training.DesignA pre–post evaluation of ‘Healthy Conversation Skills’, a staff training intervention.SettingSure Start Children's Centres in Southampton, England.SubjectsA total of 145 staff working in Sure Start Children's Centres completed the training, including play workers (43 %) and community development or family support workers (35 %).ResultsWe observed an increase in median confidence rating for having conversations about healthy eating and physical activity (both P < 0·001), and in using ‘open discovery’ questions (P < 0·001), after staff attended the ‘Healthy Conversation Skills’ training. We also found a positive relationship between the use of ‘open discovery’ questions and confidence in having conversations about healthy eating post-training (r = 0·21, P = 0·01), but a non-significant trend was observed for having conversations about physical activity (r = 0·15, P = 0·06).ConclusionsThe ‘Healthy Conversation Skills’ training proved effective at increasing the confidence of staff working at Sure Start Children's Centres to have more productive conversations with parents about healthy eating. Wider implementation of these skills may be a useful public health nutrition capacity building strategy to help community workers support families with young children to eat more healthy foods.
FORMALIZATION, PRIMITIVE CONCEPTS, AND PURITY
Authors: BALDWIN JOHN T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe emphasize the role of the choice of vocabulary in formalization of a mathematical area and remark that this is a particular preoccupation of logicians. We use this framework to discuss Kennedy’s notion of ‘formalism freeness’ in the context of various schools in model theory. Then we clarify some of the mathematical issues in recent discussions of purity in the proof of the Desargues proposition. We note that the conclusion of ‘spatial content’ from the Desargues proposition involves arguments which are algebraic and even metamathematical. Hilbert showed that the Desargues proposition implies the coordinatizing ring is associative, which in turn implies the existence of a three-dimensional geometry in which the given plane can be embedded. With W. Howard we give a new proof, removing Hilbert’s ‘detour’ through algebra, of the ‘geometric’ embedding theorem.Finally, our investigation of purity leads to the conclusion that even the introduction of explicit definitions in a proof can violate purity. We argue that although both involve explicit definition, our proof of the embedding theorem is pure while Hilbert’s is not. Thus the determination of whether an argument is pure turns on the content of the particular proof. Moreover, formalizing the situation does not provide a tool for characterizing purity.
Cytochalasin D enhances the accumulation of a protease‐resistant form of prion protein in ScN2a cells: involvement of PI3 kinase/Akt signalling pathway
Authors: Takenouchi Takato , Iwamaru Yoshifumi , Imamura Morikazu , Fukuhara Shigetomo , Sugama Shuei , Sato Mitsuru , Mochizuki Naoki , Hashimoto Makoto , Yokoyama Takashi , Mohri Shirou , Kitani Hiroshi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe conversion of a host‐encoded PrPsen (protease‐sensitive cellular prion protein) into a PrPres (protease‐resistant pathogenic form) is a key process in the pathogenesis of prion diseases, but the intracellular mechanisms underlying PrPres amplification in prion‐infected cells remain elusive. To assess the role of cytoskeletal proteins in the regulation of PrPres amplification, the effects of cytoskeletal disruptors on PrPres accumulation in ScN2a cells that were persistently infected with the scrapie Chandler strain have been examined. Actin microfilament disruption with cytochalasin D enhanced PrPres accumulation in ScN2a cells. In contrast, the microtubule‐disrupting agents, colchicine, nocodazole and paclitaxel, had no effect on PrPres accumulation. In addition, a PI3K (phosphoinositide 3‐kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin and an Akt kinase inhibitor prevented the cytochalasin D‐induced enhancement of PrPres accumulation. Cytochalasin D‐induced extension of neurite‐like processes might correlate with enhanced accumulation of PrPres. The results suggest that the actin cytoskeleton and PI3K/Akt pathway are involved in the regulation of PrPres accumulation in prion‐infected cells.
Source Finding and Visualisation
Authors: Koribalski Bärbel S. 
Published: September 2012

Large radio surveys such as those proposed for several SKA pathfinder and precursor telescopes require (automated) source-finding algorithms that are highly reliable, complete, and fast. Similarly, sophisticated visualisation tools are needed to explore the resulting survey data together with their multi-wavelength counterparts.In this PASA Special Issue on Source Finding and Visualisation, several advanced source-finding algorithms, including novel methods for radio continuum, polarisation and spectral line surveys are described, tested and compared. The process of finding sources can be considered one of many important steps (e.g., pre-processing, source finding and characterisation, cataloguing/post-processing) in the production of astronomical source catalogues, on which much of the survey science is based.The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP), equipped with novel Chequerboard phased array feeds, will be a powerful 21-cm survey machine. For the large volumes of ASKAP data, a special version of Duchamp, called Selavy, is being developed in consultation with the ASKAP survey science teams (Whiting & Humphreys 2012). Extensive testing and comparisons of existing and new source-finding algorithms were carried out for this PASA Special Issue and are presented by Westmeier, Popping & Serra (2012), Westerlund, Harris & Westmeier (2012), Popping et al. (2012), Huynh et al. (2012), Hollitt & Johnston-Hollitt (2012), Walsh et al. (2012), George, Stil & Keller (2012), Marsh & Jarrett (2012), Allison, Sadler & Whiting (2012) and Jurek & Brown (2012). An overview on spectral line source finding and visualisation is given by Koribalski (2012), while Hassan, Fluke & Barnes (2012) look into real-time 3D volume rendering of large (Tbytes) astronomical data cubes.
Subunit Organization of a Synechocystis Hetero-Oligomeric Thylakoid FtsH Complex Involved in Photosystem II Repair
Authors: Boehm Marko , Yu Jianfeng , Krynicka Vendula , Barker Myles , Tichy Martin , Komenda Josef , Nixon Peter J. , Nield Jon 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
FtsH metalloproteases are key components of the photosystem II (PSII) repair cycle, which operates to maintain photosynthetic activity in the light. Despite their physiological importance, the structure and subunit composition of thylakoid FtsH complexes remain uncertain. Mutagenesis has previously revealed that the four FtsH homologs encoded by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 are functionally different: FtsH1 and FtsH3 are required for cell viability, whereas FtsH2 and FtsH4 are dispensable. To gain insights into FtsH2, which is involved in selective D1 protein degradation during PSII repair, we used a strain of Synechocystis 6803 expressing a glutathione S-transferase (GST)–tagged derivative (FtsH2-GST) to isolate FtsH2-containing complexes. Biochemical analysis revealed that FtsH2-GST forms a hetero-oligomeric complex with FtsH3. FtsH2 also interacts with FtsH3 in the wild-type strain, and a mutant depleted in FtsH3, like ftsH2 − mutants, displays impaired D1 degradation. FtsH3 also forms a separate heterocomplex with FtsH1, thus explaining why FtsH3 is more important than FtsH2 for cell viability. We investigated the structure of the isolated FtsH2-GST/FtsH3 complex using transmission electron microscopy and single-particle analysis. The three-dimensional structural model obtained at a resolution of 26 Å revealed that the complex is hexameric and consists of alternating FtsH2/FtsH3 subunits.
Pathogen effects on vegetative and floral odours mediate vector attraction and host exposure in a complex pathosystem
Authors: Shapiro Lori , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Stephenson Andrew G. , Mescher Mark C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPathogens can alter host phenotypes in ways that influence interactions between hosts and other organisms, including insect disease vectors. Such effects have implications for pathogen transmission, as well as host exposure to secondary pathogens, but are not well studied in natural systems, particularly for plant pathogens. Here, we report that the beetle‐transmitted bacterial pathogen Erwinia tracheiphila – which causes a fatal wilt disease – alters the foliar and floral volatile emissions of its host (wild gourd, Cucurbita pepo ssp. texana) in ways that enhance both vector recruitment to infected plants and subsequent dispersal to healthy plants. Moreover, infection by Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), which also occurs at our study sites, reduces floral volatile emissions in a manner that discourages beetle recruitment and therefore likely reduces the exposure of virus‐infected plants to the lethal bacterial pathogen – a finding consistent with our previous observation of dramatically reduced wilt disease incidence in ZYMV‐infected plants.
α1‐blocker tamsulosin as initial treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: 5‐year outcome analysis of a prospective multicenter study
Authors: Masumori Naoya , Tsukamoto Taiji , Horita Hiroki , Sunaoshi Ken‐ichi , Tanaka Yoshinori , Takeyama Koh , Sato Eiji , Miyao Noriomi 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo comprehensively analyze the 5‐year outcomes of tamsulosin treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.MethodsTamsulosin (0.2 mg/day) was given to 112 patients who had International Prostate Symptom Scores ≥8. They were prospectively followed for 5 years with periodic evaluation. If tamsulosin had to be discontinued, the reason was determined. Treatment failure was considered in the case of disease progression (postvoid residual urine volume ≥200 mL, acute urinary retention, febrile urinary tract infection or hydronephrosis as a result of bladder outlet obstruction), conversion to other α1‐blockers or need for surgery. An intention‐to‐treat analysis was carried out.ResultsA total of 34 patients (30.4%) continued the same medication for the overall study period, whereas 78 patients (69.6%) discontinued the medication. International Prostate Symptom Scores, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Problem Index and Quality of Life Index were significantly improved over the 5‐year period. Treatment failure was observed in 21 patients (18.8%). Baseline prostate volume and postvoid residual urine volume were independent factors to predicting treatment failure. A total of 21 patients (18.8%) discontinued tamsulosin because of an improvement of symptoms. They were younger and had lower prostate‐specific antigen levels than the remaining 91 patients. Their symptoms were stable even 1 year after termination of therapy.ConclusionsLong‐term efficacy of tamsulosin was observed, although only a small portion of patients continued the treatment. α1‐blocker monotherapy might be not appropriate for achieving a good long‐term outcome in patients with a large prostate volume and a large amount of postvoid residual urine volume. Persistent improvement of symptoms, even after termination of tamsulosin, was observed in young patients with low prostate‐specific antigen levels.
Wire‐guided biliary cannulation technique does not reduce the risk of post‐ERCP pancreatitis: Multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Fujita Naotaka , Imaizumi Kazuomi , Irisawa Atsushi , Suzuki Masaki , Murakami Akihiko , Oana Shuhei , Makino Naohiko , Komatsuda Tomoya , Yoneyama Kazuo 
Published: September 2012

AimTo evaluate the effect of wire‐guided biliary cannulation (WGC) on the prevention of post‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).MethodsWe investigated the impact of the WGC technique on the incidence of PEP by comparing the conventional cannulation (CC) technique in selective bile duct cannulation during ERCP with a cross‐over design in a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial and the potential risk factors for PEP. This involved six tertiary referral centers and three university hospitals. A total of 322 patients with indications for ERCP requiring selective biliary cannulation were enrolled from April 2008 to March 2009.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐three patients were assigned to the WGC group and 159 to the CC group. The incidence of PEP was the same between the groups (6.1% vs 6.3%, P = 0.95). Primary successful biliary cannulation was achieved in 136 patients (83%) in the WGC group and in 138 (87%) in the CC group (P = 0.40). The mean time required for primary successful biliary cannulation was 7.4 ± 8.3 min and 7.2 ± 7.9 min, respectively (P = 0.83). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that accidental guidewire insertions and unintended injections of contrast into the main pancreatic duct were the only independent risk factors for PEP (P = 0.001, relative risk [RR]: 8.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.46–30.81).ConclusionThe WGC technique does not reduce the risk of PEP and also does not improve the success rate of selective bile duct cannulation.
Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology results with and without the stylet in 3364 cases
Authors: Gimeno‐García Antonio Z. , Paquin Sarto C. , Gariépy Gilles , Sosa Alejandro Jiménez , Sahai Anand V. 
Published: September 2012

Background and AimEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (EUS‐FNA) is traditionally carried out with the stylet, as it is believed to prevent blockage or contamination of the needle by tissue coming from the gastrointestinal wall. However, this recommendation has not been demonstrated on an empirical basis. The aim of the present study was to compare the yield of EUS‐FNA in a very large series of patients with (S+) and without (S–) the stylet.MethodsUntil 2004, the stylet was used for EUS‐FNA in our center. After that, the stylet was never used. The results of all EUS‐FNA in solid lesions carried out by one endosonographer with the same needle type were compared before and after stylet use was stopped.Results3364 EUS‐FNA procedures (in 3078 patients) in solid lesions were included (1483 S+ and 1881 S–). There was no significant difference between the S+ and S– results for any variable other than the number of passes required. The number of passes was significantly lower in the S– group when sampling lymph nodes, wall lesions and when carrying out biopsies through the gastric or rectal wall. However the statistical differences disappeared after controlling for malignancy, location and lesion size.ConclusionThis very large comparative study showed no benefit in diagnostic yield when using the stylet for EUS‐FNA.
Review of para‐articular soft tissue osteochondromas of the knee
Authors: Zhang Benny Xu , Chew David , Critchley Ian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPara‐articular osteochondromas (PAOCs) are a rare benign subtype of chondroma that occur in the soft tissues around the joints. Initially hypothesized to be derived from cartilaginous metaplasia, its aetiology and pathogenesis are still not fully understood. This tumour often causes a diagnostic and management dilemma due to similar clinical and histopathological features compared with other pathology. We report the fourth case of PAOC arising from the suprapatella region of the knee joint and review the literature to update our understanding of this tumour. From the data analysed, a distinctive pattern of tumour formation within or adjacent to a fat pad structure was evident, while trauma appears to play a role in its pathogenesis. Histologically, the tumour consists of a cartilage cap, with varying degrees of trabecular bone and endochondral ossification. Importantly, there are no features of nuclear pleomorphism or increased mitotic activity suggestive of a malignant process. All tumours were surgically removed and behaved in a benign fashion without evidence of recurrence. PAOC may often be suspected for more malignant processes; thus, recognition of this entity is important as simple excision is curative.
Dr George Home: Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Fellow 169
Authors: Koea Jonathan B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGeorge Home was Fellow number 169 of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons. He was born in San Francisco in 1870, coming to New Zealand as an infant. He overcame the early death of his father to excel at school and graduate top of his class at the University of Edinburgh in 1892. During his time in Edinburgh, he was taught by Lord Lister and developed a lifelong interest in surgical asepsis and antisepsis. After working in Liverpool for five years, he returned to New Zealand and commenced practice as a surgeon in New Plymouth in 1899. He remained in New Plymouth for the remainder of his life, although served with distinction in World War I and was the longest serving New Zealand medical officer in the Gallipoli Campaign. Upon his return to New Zealand after World War I, he founded and developed many community institutions and was a noted amateur alpinist, photographer and botanist. He died in 1956 after a lifetime dominated, not by one single achievement, but by much service to his community.
In Goodness We Trust. The Role of Trust and Institutions Underpinning Trust in the Organic Food Market
Authors: Zagata Lukas , Lostak Michal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to explain how trust in organic food is created, with regard to the subjective perspectives of consumers and the ways in which they trust in the quality of organic food. Empirical study includes qualitative analysis focused on how consumers build trust in organic food and its quality. The findings of the study challenge the assumption that organic certification can successfully operate only if consumers have an adequate amount of information about what they are buying. The article shows that consumers possess strategies that enable them to find sufficient and satisfying solutions, also in those situations in which they objectively lack the necessary knowledge. Trust plays a key role in this situation, which is based on faith.
Deep sequencing does not reveal additional transmitted mutations in patients diagnosed with HIV‐1 variants with single nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations
Authors: Pingen M , van der Ende ME , Wensing AM , el Barzouhi A , Simen BB , Schutten M , Boucher CAB 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to gain more insight into the relationship between transmitted singletons found at HIV diagnosis by population sequencing and the possible presence of clinically relevant viral minorities containing additional resistance mutations.MethodsWe studied the viral quasispecies and therapy response in 10 individuals with transmitted single nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)‐related resistance mutations as detected by population sequencing.ResultsUltra‐deep pyrosequencing did not reveal additional drug‐resistance mutations in nine of 10 patients. In these nine patients, no breakthrough with resistant viruses was observed despite the use of low genetic nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based regimens in the majority of patients.ConclusionsThese data suggest that viral minority variants containing additional resistance mutations may be rare in patients with transmitted NRTI singletons in the Netherlands. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings and to determine the therapeutic consequences.