bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STAT5 Orchestrates Local Epigenetic Changes for Chromatin Accessibility and Rearrangements by Direct Binding to the TCRγ Locus
Authors: Wagatsuma Keisuke , Tani-ichi Shizue , Liang Bingfei , Shitara Soichiro , Ishihara Ko , Abe Manabu , Miyachi Hitoshi , Kitano Satsuki , Hara Takahiro , Nanno Masanobu , Ishikawa Hiromichi , Sakimura Kenji , Nakao Mitsuyoshi , Kimura Hiroshi , Ikuta Koichi 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The transcription factor STAT5, which is activated by IL-7R, controls chromatin accessibility and rearrangements of the TCRγ locus. Although STAT-binding motifs are conserved in Jγ promoters and Eγ enhancers, little is known about their precise roles in rearrangements of the TCRγ locus in vivo. To address this question, we established two lines of Jγ1 promoter mutant mice: one harboring a deletion in the Jγ1 promoter, including three STAT motifs (Jγ1PΔ/Δ), and the other carrying point mutations in the three STAT motifs in that promoter (Jγ1PmS/mS). Both Jγ1PΔ/Δ and Jγ1PmS/mS mice showed impaired recruitment of STAT5 and chromatin remodeling factor BRG1 at the Jγ1 gene segment. This resulted in severe and specific reduction in germline transcription, histone H3 acetylation, and histone H4 lysine 4 methylation of the Jγ1 gene segment in adult thymus. Rearrangement and DNA cleavage of the segment were severely diminished, and Jγ1 promoter mutant mice showed profoundly decreased numbers of γδ T cells of γ1 cluster origin. Finally, compared with controls, both mutant mice showed a severe reduction in rearrangements of the Jγ1 gene segment, perturbed development of γδ T cells of γ1 cluster origin in fetal thymus, and fewer Vγ3+ dendritic epidermal T cells. Furthermore, interaction with the Jγ1 promoter and Eγ1, a TCRγ enhancer, was dependent on STAT motifs in the Jγ1 promoter. Overall, this study strongly suggests that direct binding of STAT5 to STAT motifs in the Jγ promoter is essential for local chromatin accessibility and Jγ/Eγ chromatin interaction, triggering rearrangements of the TCRγ locus.
Frizzled-6 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Survival and Self-Renewal
Authors: Abidin Belma Melda , Owusu Kwarteng Edward , Heinonen Krista M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers remain stable in the absence of external stressors. After bone marrow (BM) transplant, HSPCs need to expand substantially to repopulate the BM and replenish the peripheral blood cell pool. In this study, we show that a noncanonical Wnt receptor, Frizzled-6 (Fzd6), regulates HSPC expansion and survival in a hematopoietic cell-intrinsic manner. Fzd6 deficiency increased the ratio of Flt3hi multipotent progenitors to CD150+ stem cells in the mouse BM, suggesting defective stem cell maintenance. Competitive transplantation experiments demonstrated that Fzd6−/− HSPCs were able to home to the BM but were severely impaired in their capacity to reconstitute a lethally irradiated host. Lack of Fzd6 resulted in a strong activation of caspase-3 and a gradual loss of donor HSPCs and peripheral blood granulocytes. Fzd6 was also necessary for the efficient HSPC expansion during emergency hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, Fzd6 is a negative regulator of Cdc42 clustering in polarized cells. Furthermore, β-catenin–dependent signaling may be disinhibited in Fzd6−/− HSPCs. Collectively, our data reveal that Fzd6 has an essential role in HSPC maintenance and survival. Noncanonical Wnt–Fzd6 signaling pathway could thus present an interesting target for promoting HSPC expansion and multilineage hematopoietic recovery after transplant.
The Contained Self-Reactive Peripheral T Cell Repertoire: Size, Diversity, and Cellular Composition
Authors: Richards David M. , Ruggiero Eliana , Hofer Ann-Cathrin , Sefrin Julian P. , Schmidt Manfred , von Kalle Christof , Feuerer Markus 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Individual self-reactive T cells have been discovered in both humans and mice. It is difficult to assess the entire contained self-reactive peripheral T cell repertoire in healthy individuals because regulatory T cells (Tregs) can render these cells anergic and, therefore, functionally indistinguishable. We addressed this issue by removing regulatory T cells, thereby allowing us to characterize the exposed self-reactive T cells. This resulted in activation of approximately 4% of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Activation and division of these cells was not a bystander product of Ag-independent signals but required TCR stimulation. Analysis of TCR sequences showed that these responding cells were polyclonal and encompassed a broad range of structural TCR diversity. Adoptive transfer of naive and effector/memory T cell populations showed that even the naive T cell pool contained self-reactive T cell precursors. In addition, transfer of mature thymocytes showed that this response was an intrinsic T cell property rather than a peripheral adaptation. Finally, we found that the unexpectedly strong contribution of the naive CD5low T cell pool showed that the overall self-reactive response has not only a diverse polyclonal TCR repertoire, but also comprises a broad range of affinities for self.
The influence of virus infections on antioxidant levels in the genetically modified plum variety "Honeysweet" (Prunus domestica L.)
Authors: Sochor Jiri , Krska Boris , Polak Jaroslav , Jurikova Tunde 
Published: July 2015

It is well-known that polyphenolic compounds are found abundantly in fruit, but various kinds of diseases lower these levels. This work measures total polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity and the levels of specific important antioxidants in fruits of the genetically modified (GM) plum variety HoneySweet, trees which were previously inoculated with a range of different virus infections. These were the Plum Pox virus (PPV), Prune Dwarf virus (PDV) and Apple Chlorotic Leaf-Spot virus (ACLSV). Uninoculated trees were used as controls. Antioxidant activity was measured using four different photometric methods – DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), DMPD (N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine), ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power). Total polyphenol content was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteau method. The profiles of 10 specific antioxidant constituents in the fruits of the GM plum variety HoneySweet were detected and analyzed, since these are of interest for their role in human diets and could play a role in the resistance of plants to viruses. Detection was made using HPLC with UV-VIS detection. They were: gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, vanillin, rutin and quercetin. The compound with the highest concentration was chlorogenic acid (587 mg/100 g), and that with the lowest was p-coumaric acid (0.95 mg/100 g). Of the four methods of antioxidant activity used, in three the lowest levels of antioxidant activity were seen where the PPV virus was combined with ACLSV, and in three the highest levels were seen in the un-inoculated control without any infection. The highest values of total polyphenols were seen in the control (65.3 mg/100 g), followed by infection of PPV, then treatment PPV, PDV and ACLSV, then treatment PPV and PDV and finally the lowest levels were seen in treatment PPV and ACLSV (44.2 mg/100 g), which was also that with the lowest antioxidant activity.
The testing of sanitizers efficacy to enterococci adhered on glass surfaces
Authors: Čanigová Margita , Ducková Viera , Kročko Miroslav , Bezeková Jana , Gábor Michal , Vnučková Zuzana 
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work was to test the ability of 6 strains of enterococci to adhere on glass surfaces in environment with different content of milk residues and then to evaluate efficacy of 2 commercial sanitizers (alkaline and acidic) used in milk production. Tested enterococci were isolated from milk, dairy products and from rinse water after sanitation milking machine. Suspension of enterococci (8 log CFU.ml-1) was prepared in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), PBS with content 0.1% and 1% of skimmed reconstituted milk. Glass plates were immersed into bacterial suspension for 1 h at 37 °C. The number of enterococci adhered on glass surface in PBS achieved an average value 3.47 log CFU.mm-2, in PBS with 0.1% of milk 2.90 CFU.mm-2, in PBS with 1% of milk 2.63 CFU.mm-2. Differences between the tested files were not statistically significant (p >0.05). In the second part of work the glass plates with adhered enterococci were exposed to the effect of alkaline sanitizer (on basis of NaOH and NaClO), respectively acidic sanitizer (on basis of H3PO4). Sanitation solutions were prepared and tested according to manufacturer recommendations (concentration 0.25%, contact time 20 min, temperature 20 °C). Alkaline sanitation solution was 100% effective against all tested enterococci regardless to content of milk residues in environment. Acidic sanitation solution was 100% effective only against E. faecalisD (isolated from rinse water after sanitation). Average value of reduction of enterococci with acidic sanitation solution, which were on glass plates in environment PBS was 2.84 CFU.mm-2, in PBS with 0.1% of milk was 2.45 CFU.mm-2 and in PBS with 1% of milk was2.16 CFU.mm-2. It can be concluded, that increase of milk residues in environment decrease the adhesion of enterococci on glass surface, but also effectiveness of acidic sanitation solution.
Qualitative parameters of non-traditional types of vegetables
Authors: Kudrnáčová Eva , Kouřimská Lenka 
Published: July 2015

The main aim of this study was to determine selected quality indicators of non-traditional types of leafy vegetables. Mizuna (Brassica rapa japonica), Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea), edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and arugula (Eruca sativa) belonged among the selected species of vegetables. During the one-year experiment, spring and autumn sowing was carried out for these species of vegetables. The measured quality parameters were the content of nitrates and ascorbic acid. Sampling was done in the morning and in the laboratory, the samples were further processed according to the type of determination. To determine the content of nitrates and ascorbic acid, leaves were removed from plants. The filtrate from the leaves was then prepared. Determination of nitrates and ascorbic acid was carried out using a special test strip and device Rqflex plus 10. The results of measurement of both sowing varieties were compared. Total nitrate content was higher up to 22% in plants sown in the autumn except edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium). The highest content was recorded in arugula (Eruca sativa), which was recently implemented to the studies of the European Union and for which there were set the limits of nitrates. Overall, the nitrate content ranged from 221 to 334 ppm in spring varieties and from 249 to 384 mg/kg in autumn varieties. Ascorbic acid content was very high in Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea), edible chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium) and arugula (Eruca sativa) in both spring and autumn varieties. Values of ascorbic acid ranged from 839 in autumn sowing up to 2909 mg/kg in spring sowing. These non-traditional types of leafy vegetables could be included among the other importants sources of vitamin C in the future.
Phthalate migration from packaging materials into food
Authors: Bogdanovičová Soňa , Jarošová Alžbeta 
Published: July 2015

The content of dibutylphthalate (DBP) and di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in samples of packages used for packaging meat productsand the phthalate migration from packaging materials to meat products were studied. Five samples of textile packaging intended for cooked meat production were analysed as well asthe final product which was filled into packages. Subsequently an analysis was carried out (after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage) of the finished meat products stored over the course of their intended shelf life at ambient temperature of 4 °C. Determination of phthalates was conducted by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection at a wavelength of 224 nm on the Zorbax Eclipse C8 column. The content of phthalates in the final product was below the limit of quantification. According to the Regulation of the Commission (EU) No. 10/2011, the specific migration limit of products intended for food contact is 1.5 mg.kg-1of food simulant for DEHP and 0.3 mg.kg-1 for DBP. After filling and the first day of storage of the meat product, four package samples release the said phthalates to an extent that it exceeded the limits of the Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011. Already after the seventh day of storage, all samples (with the exception of sample 2 for DBP) exceeded SMLs. Monitoring of each phthalate migration in individual samples during storage (for 28 days) produced a rising tendency. In sample 1, DBP increased from 0.40 to 3.37 mg.kg-1, while DEHP from 0.58 to 14.66 mg.kg-1. In sample 2, DBP increased from ≤0.2 mg.kg-1 to 4.34 mg.kg-1, whileDEHP from 1.46 to 28.20 mg.kg-1. In sample 3, DBP increased from ≤0.2 mg.kg-1 to 8.27 mg.kg-1, while DEHP from 1.67 to 14.84 mg.kg-1. In sample 4, DBP increased from 0.27 to 6.12 mg.kg-1, while DEHP from 2.37 to 13.22 mg.kg-1. In sample 5, DBP increased from 0.32 to 11.11 mg.kg-1, while DEHP from 1.91 to 15.42 mg.kg-1.
Properties and nutritional value of wheat bread enriched by hemp products
Authors: Švec Ivan , Hrušková Marie 
Published: July 2015

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is annual plant that is native to China and remained as important material for food, industrial and medical purposes. As source of cannabinoids belongs to controversial, but due to its excellent nutritional profile, non-gluten protein, fat and fibre it has potential in bakery products. Addition of 5% - 20% of hemp press cake fine flour and fine wholemeal significantly increased dietary fibre content, but their influence on volume of laboratory baked bread was different. Reflecting actual dosage, both types of hemp press cake flour diminished bun sizes about 6% - 33%; volumes of bread containing hulled wholemeal were comparable to standard (mean 310 mL/100 g vs. 333 ml/100 g, respectively. Only dehulled wholemeal hemp form increased the bread specific volume (6% - 30%), especially as 10% fortification (434 mL/100 g). Six Canadian hemp products were added as 10% and 20% on wheat flour base, comprising fine hemp flour and coarse hemp powder, dehulled whole seeds, hulled hemp seeds with sea salt as well as 50% and 43% hemp protein concentrates (KP1-KP6, respectively). The higher level of KP1, KP2, KP5 and KP6, the lower bread specific volumes were determined (decrease about 9% - 48%). Soft increase in buns size caused by 10% and 20% KP3 (323 and 319 ml/100 g vs. 296 mL/100 g) was insignificant. The effect of KP4 was reversely verifiable, magnifying the parameter about 25% and 17%, respectively. In terms of protein content in bread, a level 11.75% in wheat bread has risen to approx. 14.5% and 18.0% when 10% and 20% of KP3 and KP5, respectively, was included into bread recipe. All six Canadian hemp products increased dietary fibre content in bread, mainly owing to KP4 and both protein concentrates (up to 4 and 3 times, respectively). Incorporation of hemp flour up to the level of 10% positively affected bread sensorial properties.
Changes in the microflora composition of goat and sheep milk during lactation
Authors: Kalhotka Libor , Dostálová Lenka , Šustová Květoslava , Kuchtí­k Jan , Detvanová Lenka 
Published: July 2015

The aim of this work was to determine extend of microbial contamination of raw milk in individual seasons. Raw goat milk (3 farms) and sheep milk (2 farms) were analyzed. Milk was produced on farms of different way of farming and with a different number of milked animals. Samples were taken during lactation three terms in the beginning, middle and end of lactation. In milk, following groups of microorganisms were determined by standard methods: total count of microorganisms (TCM), psychrotrophic microorganisms, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli), enterococci, aerobic and anaerobic thermoresistant microorganisms (TMRae, TMRan), micromycetes (yeast and moulds). In goat milk, the following numbers of microorganisms were detected: total count of microorganisms (TCM) from 105 to 109 CFU x mL-1, lactobacilli from 102 to 105 CFU x mL-1, bacteria fam. Enterobacteriaceae from 101 to 105 CFU x mL-1, enterococci from 101 to 105 CFU x mL-1, thermoresistant aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms (TMRae and TMRan) from units to 103 resp. 105 CFU x mL-1, psychrotrophic microorganisms from 101 to 106 CFU x mL-1, micromycets from 101 to 104 CFU x mL-1. In the sheep milk, the following numbers of microorganisms were determined: TCM from 105 to 106 CFU x mL-1, lactobacilli from 103 to 106 CFU x mL-1, bacteria fam. Enterobacteriaceae from 101 to 105 CFU x mL-1, enterococci from 101 to 104 CFU x mL-1, TMRae and TMRan from units to 105 CFU x mL-1, psychrotrophic microorganisms from 104 to 106 CFU x mL-1, micromycets from 102 to 104 CFU x mL-1. From the above mentioned results, the following conclusions can be suggested. The bacterial counts of raw goat and sheep milk are highly variable and influenced by a number of important factors in the course of lactation and year (temperature, health, secondary contamination etc.). The bacterial numbers are not affected by the stage of lactation. High numbers of microorganisms in goat and sheep milk may be primarily caused by the insufficient cleaning and sanitizing of milking equipment or low hygiene of hand milking. An important role may also act the cooling rate of milk and purity of cooling eguipment.
CATIONIC COPOLYMERIZATION OF ISOBUTYLENE WITH ISOPRENE: KINETICS OF THE PROCESS AND DETERMINATION OF KINETIC CONSTANTS
Authors: Ulitin N. V. , Tereshchenco K. A. , Shiyan D. A. , Zaikov G. E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
A theoretical description has been developed of the kinetics of isobutylene with isoprene (IIR) cationic polymerization in the environment of methyl chloride on aluminum trichloride as the catalyst. Based on experimental data on the kinetics of copolymerization (isobutylene conversion curve) and the molecular weight characteristics of the copolymer of IIR, kinetic constants for the process were found. Adequacy of the developed theoretical description of the kinetics of the IIR copolymerization process was confirmed by comparing the experimental molecular-weight characteristics calculated by this description, independent characteristics, and IIR unsaturation.
The Automatic Activation of Emotion and Emotion-Laden Words: Evidence from a Masked and Unmasked Priming Paradigm
Authors: Kazanas Stephanie A. , Altarriba Jeanette 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A primed lexical decision task (ldt) was used to determine whether emotion (e.g., love, fear) and emotion-laden (e.g., puppy, hospital) word processing differs, both explicitly and implicitly. Previous experiments have investigated how emotion word processing differs from both abstract and concrete word processing (Altarriba & Bauer, 2004; Altarriba, Bauer, & Benvenuto, 1999). to assess for differences between emotion and emotion-laden word processing, 2 experiments were conducted, the first assessing explicit processing (using an unmasked ldt) and the second assessing automatic processing (using a masked ldt). the prediction that semantic priming would differ between emotion word pairs and emotion-laden word pairs was confirmed in both experiments, with shorter response times for emotion targets and greater priming effects for emotion word pairs than for emotion-laden word pairs. the role of valence is discussed, emphasizing the ways valence affects the speed with which these words are accessed and processed.
Interference Resolution in Emotional Working Memory as a Function of Alexithymia
Authors: Colligan Sean M , Koven Nancy S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Although alexithymia is recognized as a set of traitlike deficits in emotion processing, research suggests there are concomitant cognitive issues as well, including what appears to be an unusual pattern of enhanced working memory (wm) despite broader executive dysfunction. it is unknown whether this enhancement includes the executive elements of wm and whether executive control of wm in alexithymia differs for emotional and neutral stimuli. this study examined how alexithymia moderates patterns of interference resolution in wm with valenced and nonvalenced stimuli. Participants (N = 93) completed the toronto Alexithymia scale and a recency probes wm task containing positive, negative, and neutral stimuli, with some trials containing proactive interference from previous trials. the reaction time difference between interference and noninterference trials indexed degree of interference resolution. toronto Alexithymia scale score moderated a within- subject effect such that, when valenced probes were used, there was less proactive interference in the positive relative to negative valence condition; this valence- based interference discrepancy was significant for a subset of highly alexithymic participants. Alexithymia did not moderate proactive interference to negative or neutral stimuli or accuracy of responses. these results suggest that, although alexithymia does not influence executive control in wm for nonemotional items, alexithymic people demonstrate an idiosyncratic response to positive stimuli that might indicate blunted reactivity.
Towards a Mechanistic Understanding of the Effects of Body Posture on Facial Emotion Categorization
Authors: Civile Ciro , Obhi Sukhvinder S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
this study investigated the causes of the face– body congruence effect (fBce), which refers to the advantage in performance when participants are asked to categorize emotional faces compounded with emotional matching body postures (congruent) compared with incongruent face– body compound stimuli (body postures mismatching the facial emotions). experiment 1 showed that manipulations aiming to alter holistic processing significantly reduced the fBce. in particular, the disruption of holistic processing affected significantly the performance for congruent composites. however, no effect was obtained on the incongruent stimuli. in experiment 2, the inversion manipulation showed a clear disadvantage for incongruent stimuli brought by the disruption of the single feature orientation information. thus, we found confirmation of the different processing involved in perceiving congruent and incongruent stimuli. finally, experiment 3 confirmed that we are able to reduce entirely the fBce when the orientation of the units (the face and the body) constituting the incongruent composites is matched.
Cognitive Processing of Scrambled Faces: Effects of Instructions and Task
Authors: Rakover Sam S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
the present study tests rakover and cahlon’s (2013) face- checking model, which grades 7 regular and scrambled faces on a scale of similarity to an upright regular face, by predicting the results of 2 experiments in upright and inverted orientations: experiment 1, which uses the interest choice task (to choose from a pair of faces the one most interesting), and experiment 2, which uses the old/new recognition task. the main results of these 2 experiments show that in comparison to rakover and cahlon’s (2013) findings, the face- checking model preserves its ability to predict satisfactorily the order of the 7 faces in the 2 experiments especially in the upright orientation; however, the model’s success in making accurate point predictions is reduced significantly in both the upright and the inverted orientations.