bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Features and Histopathological Spectrum in Adolescent Onset Nephrotic Syndrome in a Romanian Children Population
Authors: Gall Zsuzsanna , Duicu Carmen , Kiss Eva , Egyed-Zsigmond I. , Cucerea Manuela , Simon Marta 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Objectives of study: The adolescent population signifies the transitory period where the frequent occurrence of different histopathological lesions in patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is different from that seen in young children as well as that seen in adults. This study aimed to analyze the clinical features and histopathological spectrum of adolescent-onset NS. Material and methods: We retrospectively evaluated clinical features, biochemical investigations and histopathology of 103 children with idiopathic NS referred to the Pediatric Department, County Hospital of Târgu-Mureş. Fourteen patients with congenital-, infantil- and secondary NS were excluded from this study. Results: The patients were divided into 2 groups: in group A we included 69 patients diagnosed with NS diagnosed before 10 years-old, with a median age of 3.76±1.96 years, majority males (59.42%) and presenting the pure form of NS. On the other hand, in group B we included 20 adolescents having the median age at the onset of the disease 13.61±2.18 years, with equal distribution of the sexes and presenting the impure form in 65% of cases. The majority of the patients in both groups (68.11% and 70% respectively) responded to steroid therapy. The commonest histopathological subtype in both groups was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: The incidence of nephrotic syndrome has increased in the last years. The impure form of NS is more frequent in the adolescents than in younger patients. Adolescents with impure and steroid-resistant NS at presentation have other lesions than minimal change disease. The early genetic diagnosis in NS is important for proper clinical management of the patients, prognosis and genetic counseling of the families.
Cytogenetic Characterization of the Genome of Interspecies Hybrids (Alopex-Vulpes)
Authors: Bugno-Poniewierska Monika , Pawlina Klaudia , Orszulak-Wolny Natalia , Woźniak Bartosz , Wnuk Maciej , Jakubczak Andrzej , Jeżewska-Witkowska Grażyna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Creation of interspecific hybrids is widely common among plants and animals in order to improve economically important traits for humans. The studied material consisted of chromosomal preparations in the metaphase stage obtained from interspecies hybrids of arctic foxes (Alopex
lagopus) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). The aim of the study was to analyze the karyotype of the interspecific hybrids taking into account the number of chromosomes of sets A and B. With the use of techniques of classical cytogenetics (C bands, AgNOR bands) and molecular cytogenetics (FISH, PRINS) we carried out a genome analysis of Alopex-Vulpes hybrids. The results of this study showed that chromosomal markers of the interspecies hybrids are inherited from the parent species and are a result of combination of their two genomes. However, intraindividual differences are also observed which may result from aberrations of chromosome segregation during embryonic development. This may lead to the formation of different cell lines with different karyotypes (mosaicism). Moreover, chromosomes of the interspecies hybrids showed telomeric signals at the ends, in the centromers, as well as short chromosome arm rich in heterochromatin. The use of PRINS method led to identification of nucleolus organizer regions on 12 chromosomes of the interspecies hybrids. The hybridization signals obtained were characterized by different size and intensity. In addition, single copies of rDNA in the centromeric regions of several metacentric chromosomes were identified.
Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Patient with Localy Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Skuja Elina , Sorubalko Arturs , Purkalne Gunta , Miklasevics Edvins 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Neoadjuvant (preoperative) concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has become a standard treatment of locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.
Aim of the study is to analyze efficacy of neoadjuvant CRT and survival rates in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Materials and methods. Retrospective study of 60 locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy with or without addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Clinic of Oncology of Pauls Stradiņš Clinical University Hospital from 2007 to 2012 was done.
Results. Long-course radiotherapy (45-50.4 Gy) received 52 patients. Median time from diagnosis to radiotherapy was 35.8 days. Median time to surgery was 47.7 days. Pathological complete remission (pCR) of the primary rectal cancer was not observed. Distribution by pathologic staging was as follows: 28.8% Stage I (7.7% T1N0M0), 32.7% Stage II and 38.5% Stage III. Downstaging occurred in 93.7% in concomitant chemoradiation with Ftorafur, 61.9% in combination with 5FU/LV, and 53.3% in radiation without chemotherapy. Median PFS and OS were not met. In median follow up of 22.6 month overall survival was 90.3%, and PFS - 88%.
Conclusions. Addition of chemotherapy to neoadjuvant radiotherapy is increasing tumor downstaging rate. Ftorafur in concomitant neoadjuvant chemoradiation showed increased downstaging compared to standard 5FU therapy. Response to preoperative therapy improves survival in patient with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Effect of Vancomycin Administration Method on Achieving and Maintaining Its Serum Concentrations In Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Sokolova Vera , Sabelnikovs Olegs 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Vancomycin may be administered by bolus injections (BI) and continuous infusion (CI). Data on BI and CI clinical effectiveness and correlation with mortality, survival and renal injury is variable.
Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to compare the use of vancomycin continuous infusion and bolus administration in intensive care.
Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of 46 ICU patients (23 patients received vancomycin CI and 23 - BI) was undertaken to compare efficacy and effect on mortality and morbidity of these two administration methods.
Results. The study revealed association of CI administration with more effective (15 - 25 mg/L) serum vancomycin trough concentration maintenance (31.2% vs 25.6% of treatment time, p=0.011) as well as with reduced incidence of subtherapeutic vancomycin levels (34.3% vs 37.2% of treatment time, p=0.015). We also observed better survival times using CI mode.
Conclusions. CI appears to be beneficial in terms of better maintenance of target VSTC and better patient survival. However, its use compared to bolus administration has no statistically significant impact on overall mortality and incidence of nephrotoxicity.
The Influence of the Levonorgestrel-Releassing Intrauterine System (Lng Ius) on Metabolic Markers in Women with Normal Body Mass and Overweight Women
Authors: Vasaraudze Ineta , Rezeberga Dace , Erts Renars , Lejnieks Aivars 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction. In Latvia, the number of overweight women is increasing, while the rate of cardio vascular disease (CVD) is one of the highest in the European Union. The influence of hormonal contraception on the development of CVD has not been studied in Latvia so far.
Aim of the study. A nonrandomized open-label prospective trial of healthy reproductive-age women desiring to use the LNG IUS.
Materials and methods. Before starting the use of contraception and six months after starting the use of contraception, the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistant (HOMA-IR) score, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and β-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated using fasting glucose (FG) and C peptide values. There were also determined other cardio-metabolic parameters: total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and abdominal circumference.
Results. Thirty women were involved in the study: seventeen women with a normal body-mass index (BMI) (BMI below 25) and thirteen overweight women (BMI above 25). When using the LNG IUS, the fasting glucose level increased in women with normal body mass, the level of insulin sensitivity decreased in both study groups; C peptide level, β-cell function and insulin resistance increased in both groups, but the changes were not statistically reliable (p>0.05).
Conclusion. Although during the study there were determined changes in the FG level, insulin sensitivity, C peptide, β-cell function and insulin resistance parameters, these changes are not clinically significant, and the LNG IUS may be safely used clinically both by women with normal body mass and overweight women.
Glioblastoma – Current Concepts, Prognostic Markers And Molecular Classification
Authors: Jakovlevs Arvids , Vanags Andrejs , Balodis Dainis , Gardovskis Janis , Strumfa Ilze 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has very poor prognosis despite aggressive therapy including surgical treatment. At present, few molecular markers could clarify GBM prognosis in greater detail. However, better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis would be the mainstay of improved, more personalized treatment modalities. Recent large-scale molecular studies brought new data that altered previous concepts about GBM; even molecular subtypes of GBM have been discovered. We discuss here the classic pathology of GBM along with molecular markers and subtypes of GBM as well as routine applications of these advances.
Neuroendocrine Tumour of the Appendix in Pregnancy
Authors: Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze , Simtniece Zane , Gardovskis Jānis 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Despite the fact that the appendix is one of the rarest anatomic localization of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) in the digestive system, the appendicular neuroendocrine tumour (A-NET) remains among the most common tumours of the appendix. The A-NET usually presents as a small solitary lesion revealed only after pathological examination of appendix that has been surgically removed for acute appendicitis. Only 18 papers in the Pubmed database (1965-2012) are dedicated to A-NET in pregnancy. Here we present a well-documented case of A-NET in a pregnant lady.
NATO Summit in Wales: From global megatrends to the new Euro-Atlanticism
Authors: Vukadinović Lidija Čehulić , Begović Monika 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Numerous representatives of theories of international relations, security theories or alliance theories have examined the new role of the North Atlantic Alliance or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in the post-bipolar world. Parallel with the theoretical examination of goals and tasks, NATO has transformed itself in practice, following the realities of the contemporary global era. In trying to achieve and keep the primacy of the strongest military- political organization, the Alliance has - especially in the Strategic Concept adopted in Lisbon in 2010-set the normative and institutional foundations of its global engagement, fulfilling the military (hard) and a wide array of non-military (soft) security challenges. This strategy has given rise to "Euro-Atlanticism", as a subsystem of international relations based on strong American-European relations, to fit with the process of regionalization of global politics. However, the 2013-2014 crisis in Ukraine has turned the focus of interest and activities of NATO once again primarily to Europe and it has stressed the importance and necessity of strengthening Euro-Atlantic security and defence ties. The most powerful member of the Alliance, the United States, is again strongly engaged in Europe and Russia, as a kind of successor to the Soviet Union, is once more detected as a major threat to European security. There have been many aspects of theories of international relations that have tried to explain the dynamic of the post-Cold War international community. However, the approach based on neo-realistic assumptions of the role of a security community, collective defence and the use of military force has proved to be dominant. NATO will continue to work on its political dimension as an alliance of the democratic world and the September 2014 Wales Summit will certainly mark the return of NATO to its roots, strengthening its security and military dimensions in the collective defence of Europe from Russia.
Serbia's Military Neutrality: Origins, effects and challenges
Authors: Ejdus Filip 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Serbia is the only state in the Western Balkans that is not seeking NATO membership. In December 2007, Serbia declared military neutrality and in spite of its EU membership aspirations, developed very close relations with Moscow. The objective of this paper is threefold. First, I argue that in order to understand why Serbia declared military neutrality, one has to look both at the discursive terrain and domestic power struggles. The key narrative that was strategically used by mnemonic entrepreneurs, most importantly by the former Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica, to legitimize military neutrality was the trauma of NATO intervention in 1999 and the ensuing secession of Kosovo. In the second part of the paper, I discuss the operational consequences of the military neutrality policy for Serbia's relations with NATO and Russia, as well as for military reform and EU accession. Finally, I spell out the challenges ahead in Serbia's neutrality policy and argue that its decision makers will increasingly be caught between pragmatic foreign policy requirements on the one hand and deeply entrenched traumatic memories on the other.
How Long Before NATO Aircraft Carrier Force Projection Capabilities Are Successfully Countered? Some effects of the fiscal crises
Authors: Lučev Josip 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Growth and fiscal policy conducive to economic development have been severely jeopardized in most NATO member countries since 2008. In sharp contrast, China has experienced only a relatively slower GDP growth, which it has mitigated with a fiscally expansionary outlook. Under these conditions, when can we expect the politico-military position of NATO to be challenged? This paper surveys amphibious force projection capabilities in six countries: the USA, the UK, France, Russia, India and the People's Republic of China (PRC). An assessment of the current capability for aircraft carrier building and a survey of carrier-related ambitions is undertaken to offer projections of probable aircraft carrier fleets by 2030. The three non-NATO countries are far better positioned to build aircraft carriers than the three NATO members, with China in the lead. Nevertheless, there is a high probability of the continued military dominance of the USA and NATO, but also of a military build-up focusing on the Indian Ocean.
A vulnerable disclosure: Dangerous negotiations of race and identity in the classroom
Authors: Hill Dominique C. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This autoethnographic essay shares my experience as a teaching assistant, desiring to be more self aware of how my race informed my pedagogy in the classroom. Set in „Race and Cultural Diversity,“ an advanced undergrad writing course, I examine my commitments to racial and social justice within classroom happenings. Using critical performance pedagogy, this study explores my identity performance to identify and create effective strategies that further dialogue on the often charged and sensitive topic of race. Moreover, this essay reveals what I learned about myself and clarified my teaching/learning philosophy.
Gesture, meaning-making, and embodiment: Second language learning in an elementary classroom
Authors: Rosborough Alessandro (Alex) 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediational role of gesture and body movement/positioning between a teacher and an English language learner in a second-grade classroom. Responding to Thibault’s (2011) call for understanding language through whole-body sense making, aspects of gesture and body positioning were analyzed for their role as mediational tools for meaning making during a math assignment. Analysis of the teacher-student dyad provides insight as to how they moved from simply exchanging answers to using positions and gestures to embody meaning and feelings, thus establishing strategic ways to solve communication problems in the future. A shift to embodying the communication task provided new meanings not previously afforded while sitting at a desk. Combining a Gibsonian (1979) ecological perspective with Vygotskian (1978, 1986) sociocultural theory provides a way to view the role of embodiment in the social practice of second language learning (van Lier, 2004). Findings provide evidence that gesture along with bodily positions and [inter]actions play a central role in this dyadic meaning- making experience. The data demonstrate the interactive nature of the semiotic resources of the activity (i.e., speech, gesture/hands, math graph, whiteboard), with their materialized bodily/speech-voiced acts coinciding with Thibault’s (2004, 2011) explanation of human meaning-making activity as a hybrid phenomenon that includes a cross-coupled relationship between semiotic affordances and physical-material body activity. This perspective embraces Vygotsky’s (1978, 1997a) view of dialectical development including the importance of psychological and materialized-physical tools such as gesture in dealing with language learning processes (McNeill, 2012).
Divine Acceptance of Sinners: Augustine’S Doctrine of Justification
Authors: Cho Dongsun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
I argue that the bishop of Hippo taught sola fide, declarative justification, and the divine acceptance of sinners based on faith alone although he presented these pre-Reformational thoughts with strong emphasis on the necessity of growth in holiness (sanctification). Victorinus and Ambrosiaster already taught a Reformational doctrine of justification prior to Augustine in the fourthcentury Latin Christianity. Therefore, the argument that sola fide and justification as an event did not exist before the sixteenth-century Reformation, and these thoughts were foreign to Augustine is not tenable. For Augustine, justification includes imputed righteousness by Christ’s work, which can be appreciated by faith alone and inherent righteousness assisted by the Holy Spirit at the same time of forgiveness in justification. Nonetheless, the sole ground of the divine acceptance does not depend on inherent righteousness, which is real and to increase. The salvation of the confessing thief and the remaining sinfulness of humanity after justification show Augustine that faith alone is the ground of God’s acceptance of sinners. Augustine’s relatively less frequent discussion of sola fide and declarative justification may be due to his need to reject the antinomian abusers who appealed to the Pauline understanding of justification even when they do not have any intentional commitment to holiness after their confessions. Augustine’s teaching on double righteousness shows considerable theological affinity with Bucer and Calvin who are accustomed to speak of justification in terms of double righteousness. Following Augustine, both Bucer and Calvin speak of the inseparability and simultaneity of justification and sanctification. Like Augustine, Bucer also maintains a conceptual, not categorical, distinction between the two graces of God in their doctrines of justification.
Professional Activities of Teacher-Andragogue (Foreign Experience)
Authors: Lukianova Larysa 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The idea of the conceptualization of adult education has been postulated in the article including its significant differences. The leading distinguishing feature is the personality of pedagogical staff that works with adults. It has been substantiated the dependence of the functions which are performed by pedagogical staff in the adult education system, on the main characteristics of the society. It has been shown the content of the integral-role position of a pedagogue-andragogue which has 3 elements: subject and content, project and technological, organization and diagnostic. The professional activity of a pedagogue-andragogue has been analyzed as the specialist who professionally organizes and conducts adult training and learning, helps create individual programs of training. At the same time, in his/her activity he/she combines different social functions as well. The most typical are to provide the help in renovating the motivation towards learning and professional activity, to combine the content both andragogical and professional activity of his/her learners, to share the methods of supervising adult self-learning.
Professional Training of Future Teacher in Cross-Cultural Dialogue
Authors: Semenog Olena 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
On the example of propaedeutic educational course “Introduction to Slavic Philology” features of future teachers’ professional training of cross-cultural dialogue are considered. Among the main objectives of the course, attention is focused on native language and other languages admirer’s tolerance education, students’ skills formation of making linguistic and cultural comments on folklore, literary texts and discourses; building a strategy and tactics of intercultural communication in accordance to national psychology.
The examples of tokens, “ukrainisms” in Slavic languages and phrases are presented; also, it is considered Slavists as tolerant intermediaries towards intercultural cooperation of countries and peoples, the need for skills of translation activity that caused the crosscultural dialogue.
Based on scientific and encyclopedic sources analysis, educational course testing is making conclusion that Slavic philology is a powerful tool for cross-cultural dialogue. It contains of big factual material that promotes understanding the process of formation and development of ethno-cultural communities in time and space, formation of human values and national identity of supranational cross-cultural thought, ways of tolerant behavior, language understanding and usage. Also it creates conditions for the realization of individuality as Ukrainian language and other languages, cultures, intellectual and emotional contacts between these languages and cultures.
A Comparative Analysis of Models of Bachelors of Arts’ Professional Training in Applied Linguistics at the Universities of Ukraine and the Usa
Authors: Korniienko Vita 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The analysis of scientists’ researches from different countries dealing with different aspects of training in the educational systems of developed countries was carried out. The models of Bachelors of Arts in Applied Linguistics professional training in Ukraine were considered. It was analyzed a professional training of Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics in the USA and the comparative analysis of models of professional training of Bachelors of Arts in Applied Linguistics at the universities of Ukraine and the USA was carried out. Different and similar approaches of using new learning technologies, the structure and content of educational programs, assessment systems and scientific methods of teaching, practical training Bachelors of Arts in Applied Linguistics, accreditation and certification of Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics qualifications were defined. The general positive characteristics of professional training of Bachelor of Arts in Applied Linguistics in the United States and Ukraine were determined.