bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extrinsic Attributes That Influence Parents’ Purchase of Chocolate Milk for Their Children
Authors: Li Xiaomeng E. , Lopetcharat Kannapon , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe consumption of milk is essential for children's heath; and flavored milk, especially chocolate milk, is often purchased to increase children's milk consumption. However, the sugar content of chocolate milk has raised health concerns. As such, it is important to understand chocolate milk extrinsic attributes that influence parents’ purchase decisions when they are purchasing chocolate milk for their children. The objective of this study was to determine the key extrinsic attributes for parents when they purchase chocolate milk for their children. An online survey with a conjoint analysis design, emotions questions, and Kano questionnaire that focused on chocolate milk was conducted targeting parents. Three hundred and twelve parents participated in the survey. Parents reported positive emotions including good, good natured, happy, loving, and satisfied when purchasing chocolate milk for their kids. Three segments of parents were identified with subtle but distinct differences in their key preferences for chocolate milk attributes for their children. Type of sweetener was the primary driver of choice for purchasing chocolate milk for children followed by fat content. Among sweetener types, natural noncaloric/nonnutritive sweeteners or sucrose were preferred over artificial sweeteners, and reduced fat was preferred over full fat or skim milk. Kano results revealed that reduced fat and sugar with an all natural label and added vitamins, minerals, and protein were attractive to the majority of parents when purchasing chocolate milk for their kids.
Inbreeding depression in livestock species: review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leroy G. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryInbreeding, by virtue of its consequence on traits of interest, is a topic of major interest for geneticists and animal breeders. Based on meta‐analysis conducted on 57 studies and seven livestock species considering a wide variety of selected traits, it was estimated that inbreeding depression corresponds to on average a decrease of 0.137 percent of the mean of a trait per 1 percent of inbreeding. The decrease was larger for production traits (reduction of 0.351%) than for other trait categories. For populations raised as purebreds, inbreeding depression may impact the economic income of breeders. There is a need for studies assessing the existence of an inbreeding purge phenomenon as well as the impact of inbreeding on adaptation capacities of livestock species. Promises brought by the development of dense genotyping as well as functional genomics will increase the capacities to improve our understanding and management of the phenomenon.
Amylase activity is associated with AMY2B copy numbers in dog: implications for dog domestication, diet and diabetes
Authors: Arendt Maja , Fall Tove , Lindblad‐Toh Kerstin , Axelsson Erik 
Published: June 2014

SummaryHigh amylase activity in dogs is associated with a drastic increase in copy numbers of the gene coding for pancreatic amylase, AMY2B, that likely allowed dogs to thrive on a relatively starch‐rich diet during early dog domestication. Although most dogs thus probably digest starch more efficiently than do wolves, AMY2B copy numbers vary widely within the dog population, and it is not clear how this variation affects the individual ability to handle starch nor how it affects dog health. In humans, copy numbers of the gene coding for salivary amylase, AMY1, correlate with both salivary amylase levels and enzyme activity, and high amylase activity is related to improved glycemic homeostasis and lower frequencies of metabolic syndrome. Here, we investigate the relationship between AMY2B copy numbers and serum amylase activity in dogs and show that amylase activity correlates with AMY2B copy numbers. We then describe how AMY2B copy numbers vary in individuals from 20 dog breeds and find strong breed‐dependent patterns, indicating that the ability to digest starch varies both at the breed and individual level. Finally, to test whether AMY2B copy number is strongly associated with the risk of developing diabetes mellitus, we compare copy numbers in cases and controls as well as in breeds with varying diabetes susceptibility. Although we see no such association here, future studies using larger cohorts are needed before excluding a possible link between AMY2B and diabetes mellitus.
Chlamydia muridarum Infection Associated Host MicroRNAs in the Murine Genital Tract and Contribution to Generation of Host Immune Response
Authors: Gupta Rishein , Arkatkar Tanvi , Yu Jieh‐Juen , Wali Shradha , Haskins William E. , Chambers James P. , Murthy Ashlesh K. , Bakar Sazaly Abu , Guentzel M Neal , Arulanandam Bernard P. 
Published: June 2014

ProblemChlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the leading sexually transmitted bacterial infection in humans and is associated with reproductive tract damage. However, little is known about the involvement and regulation of microRNAs (miRs) in genital CT.MethodsWe analyzed miRs in the genital tract (GT) following C. muridarum (murine strain of CT) challenge of wild type (WT) and CD4+ T‐cell deficient (CD4−/−) C57BL/6 mice at days 6 and 12 post‐challenge.ResultsAt day 6, miRs significantly downregulated in the lower GT were miR‐125b‐5p, ‐16, ‐214, ‐23b, ‐135a, ‐182, ‐183, ‐30c, and ‐30e while ‐146 and ‐451 were significantly upregulated, profiles not exhibited at day 12 post‐bacterial challenge. Significant differences in miR‐125b‐5p (+5.06‐fold change), ‐135a (+4.9), ‐183 (+7.9), and ‐182 (+3.2) were observed in C. muridarum‐infected CD4−/− compared to WT mice. In silico prediction and mass spectrometry revealed regulation of miR‐135a and ‐182 and associated proteins, that is, heat‐shock protein B1 and alpha‐2HS‐glycoprotein.ConclusionThis study provides evidence on regulation of miRs following genital chlamydial infection suggesting a role in pathogenesis and host immunity.
A randomised controlled trial of ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block for renal transplantation
Authors: Gulyam Kuruba S. M. , Mukhtar K. , Singh S. K. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of a transversus abdominis plane block in reducing morphine requirements in the first 24 h after renal transplant surgery. We performed transversus abdominis plane injections under ultrasound guidance in 54 patients with either 20 ml levobupivacaine 0.5% (n = 27) or 20 ml saline 0.9% (n = 27). All patients received regular paracetamol and patient‐controlled analgesia postoperatively. Three participants were not studied owing to protocol violations. In the remaining 51 patients, median (IQR [range]) morphine consumption in the first 24 h was similar in both the transversus abdominis plane group (19.4 (11.7−28.6 [0.5−49.8]) mg) and the control group (16.4 (12.0−31.0 [0.0−61.7]) mg), p = 0.94. We found that use of ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block for renal transplantation did not reduce 24‐h morphine requirements.
The suprasacral parallel shift vs lumbar plexus blockade with ultrasound guidance in healthy volunteers – a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bendtsen T. F. , Pedersen E. M. , Haroutounian S. , Søballe K. , Moriggl B. , Nikolajsen L. , Hasselstrøm J. B. , Fisker A. K. , Strid J. M. C. , Iversen B. , Børglum J. 
Published: June 2014

SummarySurgical anaesthesia with haemodynamic stability and opioid‐free analgesia in fragile patients can theoretically be provided with lumbosacral plexus blockade. We compared a novel ultrasound‐guided suprasacral technique for blockade of the lumbar plexus and the lumbosacral trunk with ultrasound‐guided blockade of the lumbar plexus. The objective was to investigate whether the suprasacral technique is equally effective for anaesthesia of the terminal lumbar plexus nerves compared with a lumbar plexus block, and more effective for anaesthesia of the lumbosacral trunk. Twenty volunteers were included in a randomised crossover trial comparing the new suprasacral with a lumbar plexus block. The primary outcome was sensory dermatome anaesthesia of L2–S1. Secondary outcomes were peri‐neural analgesic spread estimated with magnetic resonance imaging, sensory blockade of dermatomes L2–S3, motor blockade, volunteer discomfort, arterial blood pressure change, block performance time, lidocaine pharmacokinetics and complications. Only one volunteer in the suprasacral group had sensory blockade of all dermatomes L2–S1. Epidural spread was verified by magnetic resonance imaging in seven of the 34 trials (two suprasacral and five lumbar plexus blocks). Success rates of the sensory and motor blockade were 88–100% for the major lumbar plexus nerves with the suprasacral technique, and 59–88% with the lumbar plexus block (p > 0.05). Success rate of motor blockade was 50% for the lumbosacral trunk with the suprasacral technique and zero with the lumbar plexus block (p < 0.05). Both techniques are effective for blockade of the terminal nerves of the lumbar plexus. The suprasacral parallel shift technique is 50% effective for blockade of the lumbosacral trunk.
The outer mantle epithelium of Haliotis tuberculata (Gastropoda Haliotidae): an ultrastructural and histochemical study using lectins
Authors: Álvarez Nogal Rafael , Molist García Pilar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe mantle of molluscs has been the subject of many studies as it is the organ that forms the shell. Microscopic studies in particular focus on the outer mantle epithelium, but few studies address this epithelium in a histochemical way. In this study, the outer mantle epithelium in adult specimens of Haliotis tuberculata is studied, that is, in specimens involved in maintaining and repairing the shell rather than in generating it. The epithelial cells are studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and by histochemical techniques, including the use of lectins for their biochemical characterization. The epithelium is composed of pigmented epidermal cells with small microvilli and junctional complexes. It furthermore contains a few ciliated cells, as well as two types of secretory cells which differ in the ultrastructural appearance of their secretory granules and their glycoconjugate content. Histochemical study shows secretory cells containing sulphated glycoconjugates such as glycosaminoglycans or mucins rich in N‐acetylgalactosamine and N‐glycoproteins rich in fucose. Furthermore, the apical regions of the epidermal cells are positive for lectins that label fucose, mannose and N‐acetylglucosamine. The role of epithelial cells in the synthesis of structural components of the shell is discussed.
Effects of Antihypertensive and Triglyceride‐lowering Agents on Hepatic Copper Concentrations in Rats with Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Ackerman Zvi , Skarzinski Galina , Grozovski Maria , Oron‐Herman Mor , Sela Ben‐Ami 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCopper deficiency had been suggested to link between fructose‐enriched diet (FED) and the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we characterized changes in hepatic copper concentrations and hepatic oxidative milieu, in rats with the metabolic syndrome and NAFLD as a result of FED with pharmacological manipulations to reduce blood pressure or plasma triglycerides. Changes in plasma and hepatic copper concentrations were correlated with changes observed in the immunohistochemical hepatic expression of copper–zinc–superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD; SOD1), metallothionein (MT) and nitrotyrosine (NITT). FED administration was associated with a 2.2‐fold reduction in hepatic copper concentrations, a decrease in the hepatic SOD1 expression, disappearance of the hepatic MT expression and increase in the hepatic NITT expression. Bezafibrate administration restored the hepatic copper concentrations and the hepatic SOD1 expression to levels that were observed in the control rats. A significant positive correlation between hepatic copper concentrations and the values of hepatic SOD1 expression of each animal included in this study was found. Administration of either captopril or bezafibrate increased hepatic MT expression, however, to levels that were lower than those observed in the control group. Administration of either amlodipine, or captopril or bezafibrate to the FED rats, had no effect on hepatic NITT expression. NAFLD development in FED rats is associated with a decrease in hepatic copper concentrations that is associated with a decrease in the hepatic SOD1 expression. Bezafibrate administration increases hepatic copper concentrations and restores the hepatic SOD1 expression.
Current regimens and novel agents for mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Chen Yiming , Wang Michael , Romaguera Jorge 
Published: June 2014

SummaryMantle cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Conventional treatment with immunochemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation or intensive immunochemotherapy alone has improved outcomes, but the disease remains incurable. Recent advances in basic and translational research have significantly enhanced our understanding of disease pathogenesis and have sparked the development of novel therapies. Novel agents include the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, the immunomodulatory agent lenalidomide, the phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate 3‐kinase pathway inhibitor idelalisib and the Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib. Preliminary results from clinical trials, especially from studies of ibrutinib, have proven these agents to be effective. In ongoing studies, these agents are being integrated into conventional immunochemotherapy regimens to hopefully improve patient outcomes.
Survival benefit from S‐1 as compared to Fluorouracil in Asian patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Cao Chunxiang , Zhang Xunlei , Kuang Meng , Gu Dongying , He Mingliang , Chen Jinfei , Tang Cuiju 
Published: June 2014

Whether S‐1 could replace 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) or not in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer (including advanced gastric cancer [AGS] and metastatic colorectal cancer [mCRC]) in Asian patients has been controversial. This meta‐analysis was performed to compare the activity, efficacy and toxicity of S‐1‐based versus 5‐Fu‐based chemotherapy in those Asian patients. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by electronic search of Pubmed. Relevant abstracts were manually searched to identify relevant trials. A total of 2182 patients from eight RCTs were included, and our results demonstrated that S‐1‐based chemotherapy significantly improved overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–1.00) and overall response rate (ORR) (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.09–2.70), but no significant progression‐free survival (PFS) benefit was found between arms (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.72–1.06). Subgroup analyses revealed that S‐1‐based chemotherapy significantly improved OS and ORR in subgroups of patients with non‐platinum containing regimens (P = 0.041; P = 0.034) and patients with no prior chemotherapy history (P = 0.025; P = 0.016). Statistically significant improvements of PFS and ORR in the S‐1‐based chemotherapy were observed in the subgroup of patients with AGC (P < 0.001; P = 0.005). S‐1‐based chemotherapy was characterized by significantly higher incidences of diarrhea, fatigue and thrombocytopenia, and a lower incidence of nausea. This analysis provided strong evidence for survival benefits of S‐1, and S‐1‐based chemotherapy could be considered to replace 5‐Fu‐based therapy for the treatment of advanced GI cancer in Asian patients.
Meta‐analysis comparing higher and lower dose radiotherapy for palliation in locally advanced lung cancer
Authors: Ma Jie‐Tao , Zheng Jia‐He , Han Cheng‐Bo , Guo Qi‐Yong 
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare higher dose (≥30 Gy) and lower dose (<30 Gy) radiotherapy (RT) on palliation of symptoms and survival in patients with locally advanced lung cancer. A search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted on 10 June 2013 using combinations of the search terms: radiotherapy, non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma, palliative, supportive, symptom relief. Inclusion criteria were: (i) palliative thoracic RT; (ii) randomized controlled trial; (iii) English language; and (iv) compared outcomes between higher dose (≥30 Gy) and lower dose (<30 Gy) RT. The primary outcome was palliation of symptoms (cough, chest pain, hemoptysis), and 1‐ and 2‐year overall survival. Tests of heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias were performed. Five randomized controlled trials with a total of 1730 patients with lung cancer were included in the meta‐analysis. There were 925 patients treated with a higher RT dose (≥30 Gy) and 805 treated with a lower RT dose (<30 Gy). The combined odds ratios (ORs) indicated no significant difference in palliation of cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis between the higher dose and lower dose RT groups (combined ORs = 0.88, 1.83, 1.39, respectively). The 1‐ and 2‐year OS rates were similar between the high and low dose RT groups (combined ORs = 1.09 and 1.38, respectively). This meta‐analysis indicates that high dose (≥30 Gy) and lower dose (<30 Gy) RT provide similar symptom palliation and 1‐ and 2‐year OS in patients with locally advanced lung cancer.
Clinical outcome of Epstein–Barr virus‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma of the elderly in the rituximab era
Authors: Sato Ai , Nakamura Naoya , Kojima Minoru , Ohmachi Ken , Carreras Joaquim , Kikuti Yara Yukie , Numata Hiroki , Ohgiya Daisuke , Tazume Kei , Amaki Jun , Moriuchi Makiko , Miyamoto Mitsuki , Aoyama Yasuyuki , Kawai Hidetsugu , Ichiki Akifumi , Hara Ryujiro , Kawada Hiroshi , Ogawa Yoshiaki , Ando Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2014

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of malignant lymphoma. The incidence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive DLBCL in Asian and Latin American countries ranges from 8 to 10%. The prognosis of patients with EBV‐positive DLBCL is controversial. To compare the clinical outcome of EBV‐positive and EBV‐negative patients with DLBCL in the rituximab era, we analyzed 239 patients with de novo DLBCL diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2011. The presence of EBV in lymphoma cells was detected using EBV‐encoded RNA in situ hybridization, and it was found that 18 (6.9%) of 260 patients with diagnosed DLBCL tested positive. Among the 260 cases, 216 cases were treated with rituximab plus chemotherapy, as were 8 EBV‐positive DLBCL patients. The median overall survival and progression‐free survival times in patients with EBV‐positive DLBCL were 8.7 months and 6.8 months, respectively. The median overall survival and progression‐free survival could not be determined in EBV‐negative DLBCL patients (P = 0.0002, P < 0.0001, respectively). The outcome of patients with EBV‐positive DLBCL remains poor, even in the rituximab era.
Alternative polyadenylation is associated with lower expression of PABPN1 and poor prognosis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ichinose Junji , Watanabe Kousuke , Sano Atsushi , Nagase Takahide , Nakajima Jun , Fukayama Masashi , Yatomi Yutaka , Ohishi Nobuya , Takai Daiya 
Published: June 2014

Alternative polyadenylation (APA), which induces shortening of the 3′UTR, is emerging as an important phenomenon in gene regulation. APA is involved in development, cancer and cell proliferation. APA may lead to disruption of microRNA‐mediated gene silencing in cancer cells via detachment of microRNA binding sites. We studied the correlation between the APA profile and the tumor aggressiveness in cases of lung cancer. We selected the top 10 genes showing significant 3′UTR shortening in lung cancer, using the package of the Bioconductor for probe‐level analyses of expression microarrays. We established and evaluated the APA score by quantitative RT‐PCR in 147 clinical specimens of non‐small cell lung cancer and compared the results with the clinical outcomes and expression levels of APA‐related genes, including PABPN1, CPEB1, E2F1 and proliferation markers (MKI67, TOP2A and MCM2). High APA scores were correlated with an advanced tumor stage and a poor prognosis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified the APA score as an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio, 3.0; P = 0.03). Both lower expression of PABPN1 and higher expression of the proliferation markers were correlated with high APA scores and a poor prognosis, with suppression of PABPN1 exerting its influence independent of gain of the proliferation markers. Moreover, the APA score was correlated with the maximum standardized uptake value of the tumors on positron emission tomography (r = 0.53; P < 0.001). Our results indicate that the loss of PABPN1, a suppressor of APA, might promote tumor aggressiveness by releasing the cancer cells from microRNA‐mediated gene regulation.
A prospective, randomized study on hepatotoxicity of anastrozole compared with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer
Authors: Lin Ying , Liu Jianlun , Zhang Xiaohua , Li Li , Hu Rui , Liu Jian , Deng Yongchuan , Chen Dedian , Zhao Yangbing , Sun Shengrong , Ma Rong , Zhao Ying , Liu Jinping , Zhang Yang , Wang Xijing , Li Yafen , He Pingqing , Li Enxiao , Xu Zheli , Wu Yaqun , Tong Zhongsheng , Wang Xiaojia , Huang Tao , Liang Zhongxiao , Wang Shui , Su Fengxi , Lu Yunfei , Zhang Helong , Feng Guosheng , Wang Shenming 
Published: June 2014

Tamoxifen and anastrozole are widely used as adjuvant treatment for early stage breast cancer, but their hepatotoxicity is not fully defined. We aimed to compare hepatotoxicity of anastrozole with tamoxifen in the adjuvant setting in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. Three hundred and fifty‐three Chinese postmenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive early breast cancer were randomized to anastrozole or tamoxifen after optimal primary therapy. The primary end‐point was fatty liver disease, defined as a liver–spleen ratio <0.9 as determined using a computed tomography scan. The secondary end‐points included abnormal liver function and treatment failure during the 3‐year follow up. The cumulative incidence of fatty liver disease after 3 years was lower in the anastrozole arm than that of tamoxifen (14.6% vs 41.1%, P < 0.0001; relative risk, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.21–0.45). However, there was no difference in the cumulative incidence of abnormal liver function (24.6% vs 24.7%, P = 0.61). Interestingly, a higher treatment failure rate was observed in the tamoxifen arm compared with anastrozole and median times to treatment failure were 15.1 months and 37.1 months, respectively (P < 0.0001; HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.20–0.37). The most commonly reported adverse events were ‘reproductive system disorders’ in the tamoxifen group (17.1%), and ‘musculoskeletal disorders’ in the anastrozole group (14.6%). Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer receiving adjuvant anastrozole displayed less fatty liver disease, suggesting that this drug had a more favorable hepatic safety profile than tamoxifen and may be preferred for patients with potential hepatic dysfunction.