bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virgil's Augustan Temples: Image and Intertext in theAeneid
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the most memorable works of art described in Virgil'sAeneid(the paintings at the temple in Carthage, the doors of the temple in Cumae, the shield of Aeneas, and the baldric of Pallas) as visual models for the poem's organization of its own intertextual memory. The multi-dimensionality of memory enacted in the viewing of these pictorial programmes emerges as a metaphorical visualization of the semantic density created by the overlapping intertexts within the narrative itself and, what is more, urges the reader to perceive works of Augustan monumental art as embodiments of a similarly complex universe of memory.
Destructive attraction: factors that influence hunting pressure on the Blue Bird-of-paradiseParadisaea rudolphi
Authors: VAN DEN BERGH MICHIEL O. L. , KUSTERS KOEN , DIETZ A. J. (TON) 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe Blue Bird-of-paradiseParadisaea rudolphi(BBOP) is a globally threatened species restricted to the montane rainforest of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Local inhabitants hunt the BBOP for its feathers, which is one of the main reasons for its population decline. The feathers are used for both traditional and commercial purposes. So far virtually nothing is known about which factors enhance or decrease hunting pressure, and how this is influenced by ongoing market integration of local communities. Field research in PNG suggests that the demand for BBOP feathers and, with that, the collection intensity, primarily stem from traditional uses, such as head decoration. Interest in the traditional use of the feathers is particularly high in remote villages, while the value attributed to living birds is higher in less remote villages, suggesting a decrease of BBOP collection intensity with increased market integration. However, increased access to ‘outside influences’ (namely tourism and Christianity) may both decrease as well as increase hunting pressures. Finally, we argue that awareness-raising among local people, government officials and tourists may well be the most sensible conservation measure.
The impact of introduced predators on an island endemic, the St Helena Plover, Charadrius sanctaehelenae
Authors: BURNS FIONA , MCCULLOCH NEIL , SZÉKELY TAMÁS , BOLTON MARK 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWe investigated the impact of introduced predators on the productivity of the St Helena Plover Charadrius sanctaehelenae, a shorebird endemic to the South Atlantic island of St Helena. The nest predator species identified have all been introduced to St Helena in the last 510 years, and all are species that are known to be invasive on other islands. The species responsible for taking the largest proportion of eggs was the domestic cat Felis catus, with rats (Rattus rattus or R. norvegicus) and Common Myna Acridotheres tristis taking smaller proportions. Nest survival varied spatially and was correlated with an index of cat density. No relationship was observed between the number of nesting attempts per pair in a year and predator density. The resulting estimates of productivity were insufficient in some areas to allow stable populations to persist locally. Future work should focus on assessing the population level impacts of current and reduced predator densities to St Helena Plovers, and understanding the influence of resource availability and habitat structure on the densities and impacts of predators.
General and specific paraphrases of semantic relations between nouns
Authors: NULTY PAUL , COSTELLO FINTAN 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMany English noun pairs suggest an almost limitless array of semantic interpretation. A fruit bowl might be described as a bowl for fruit, a bowl that contains fruit, a bowl for holding fruit, or even (perhaps in a modern sculpture class), a bowl made out of fruit. These interpretations vary in syntax, semantic denotation, plausibility, and level of semantic detail. For example, a headache pill is usually a pill for preventing headaches, but might, perhaps in the context of a list of side effects, be a pill that can cause headaches (Levi, J. N. 1978. The Syntax and Semantics of Complex Nominals. New York: Academic Press.). In addition to lexical ambiguity, both relational ambiguity and relational vagueness make automatic semantic interpretation of these combinations difficult. While humans parse these possibilities with ease, computational systems are only recently gaining the ability to deal with the complexity of lexical expressions of semantic relations. In this paper, we describe techniques for paraphrasing the semantic relations that can hold between nouns in a noun compound, using a semi-supervised probabilistic method to rank candidate paraphrases of semantic relations, and describing a new method for selecting plausible relational paraphrases at arbitrary levels of semantic specification. These methods are motivated by the observation that existing semantic relation classification schemes often exhibit a highly skewed class distribution, and that lexical paraphrases of semantic relations vary widely in semantic precision.
DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497) has opposing effects on D2/3 receptor binding in healthy controls and patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Savitz Jonathan , Hodgkinson Colin A. , Martin-Soelch Chantal , Shen Pei-Hong , Szczepanik Joanna , Nugent Allison C. , Herscovitch Peter , Grace Anthony A. , Goldman David , Drevets Wayne C. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism (rs1800497) is associated with reduced striatal D2/3 receptor binding in healthy individuals (Con) as well as depression and addiction. However, the effect of rs1800497 on D2/3 receptor binding in depressed patients as well as the SNP's effect on D2/3 binding during reward-associated dopamine release is unknown. Twelve unmedicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 24 Con completed PET scans with [11C]raclopride, once without receiving monetary rewards (baseline) and once while winning money. In Con, the A1 allele was associated with reduced baseline binding potential (BPND) in the middle caudate and ventral striatum. However, in MDD patients the A1 allele was associated with increased baseline BPND in these regions. There were no significant associations between rs1800497 and change in BPND during reward-associated dopamine release. Conceivably, the A1 allele predisposes to depression and addiction via its effect on the post-synaptic D2 receptor.
Antidepressant, mood stabilizing and procognitive effects of very low dose sublingual ketamine in refractory unipolar and bipolar depression
Authors: Lara Diogo R. , Bisol Luisa W. , Munari Luciano R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) produces robust, rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects, but is unpractical. Sublingual administration of ketamine renders better bioavailability (∼30%) and less conversion to norketamine than oral administration. We evaluated the therapeutic effects and tolerability of very low dose sublingual (VLDS) racemic ketamine (10 mg from a 100 mg/ml solution for 5 min and swallowed), repeatedly administered every 2–3 d or weekly, in 26 out-patients with refractory unipolar or bipolar depression. According to patients' reports, VLDS ketamine produced rapid, clear and sustained effects, improving mood level and stability, cognition and sleep in 20 patients (77%), with only mild and transient light-headedness as a common side-effect (no euphoria, psychotic or dissociative symptoms). Remission remained in some patients after stopping ketamine. Thus, VLDS ketamine may have broad spectrum effects beyond its antidepressant properties, with rapid onset of action, high efficacy, good tolerability and low cost, allowing extended treatment as needed.
Ageing dynamics of ion bombardment induced self-organization processes
Authors: Bikondoa Oier , Carbone Dina , Chamard Virginie , Metzger Till Hartmut 
Published: May 2013

AbstractInstabilities caused during the erosion of a surface by an ion beam can lead to the formation of self-organized patterns of nanostructures. Understanding the self-organization process requires not only the in-situ characterization of ensemble averaged properties but also probing the dynamics. This can be done with the use of coherent X-rays and analyzing the temporal correlations of the scattered intensity. Here, we show that the dynamics of a semiconductor surface nanopatterned by normal incidence ion beam sputtering are age-dependent and slow down with sputtering time. This work provides a novel insight into the erosion dynamics and opens new perspectives for the understanding of self-organization mechanisms.
Maturation of the cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase NirS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires transient interactions between the three proteins NirS, NirN and NirF
Authors: Nicke Tristan , Schnitzer Tobias , Münch Karin , Adamczack Julia , Haufschildt Kristin , Buchmeier Sabine , Kucklick Martin , Felgenträger Undine , Jänsch Lothar , Riedel Katharina , Layer Gunhild 
Published: May 2013

The periplasmic cytochrome cd1 nitrite reductase NirS occurring in denitrifying bacteria such as the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains the essential tetrapyrrole cofactors haem c and haem d1. Whereas the haem c is incorporated into NirS by the cytochrome c maturation system I, nothing is known about the insertion of the haem d1 into NirS. Here, we show by co-immunoprecipitation that NirS interacts with the potential haem d1 insertion protein NirN in vivo. This NirS–NirN interaction is dependent on the presence of the putative haem d1 biosynthesis enzyme NirF. Further, we show by affinity co-purification that NirS also directly interacts with NirF. Additionally, NirF is shown to be a membrane anchored lipoprotein in P. aeruginosa. Finally, the analysis by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy of the periplasmic protein fractions prepared from the P. aeruginosa WT (wild-type) and a P. aeruginosa ΔnirN mutant shows that the cofactor content of NirS is altered in the absence of NirN. Based on our results, we propose a potential model for the maturation of NirS in which the three proteins NirS, NirN and NirF form a transient, membrane-associated complex in order to achieve the last step of haem d1 biosynthesis and insertion of the cofactor into NirS.
Linking Infant-Directed Speech and Face Preferences to Language Outcomes in Infants at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Droucker Danielle , Curtin Suzanne , Vouloumanos Athena 
Published: May 2013

PurposeIn this study, the authors aimed to examine whether biases for infant-directed (ID) speech and faces differ between infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (SIBS-A) and infant siblings of typically developing children (SIBS-TD), and whether speech and face biases predict language outcomes and risk group membership.MethodThirty-six infants were tested at ages 6, 8, 12, and 18 months. Infants heard 2 ID and 2 adult-directed (AD) speech passages paired with either a checkerboard or a face. The authors assessed expressive language at 12 and 18 months and general functioning at 12 months using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (Mullen, 1995).ResultsBoth infant groups preferred ID to AD speech and preferred faces to checkerboards. SIBS-TD demonstrated higher expressive language at 18 months than did SIBS-A, a finding that correlated with preferences for ID speech at 12 months. Although both groups looked longer to face stimuli than to the checkerboard, the magnitude of the preference was smaller in SIBS-A and predicted expressive vocabulary at 18 months in this group. Infants' preference for faces contributed to risk-group membership in a logistic regression analysis.ConclusionInfants at heightened risk of ASD differ from typically developing infants in their preferences for ID speech and faces, which may underlie deficits in later language development and social communication.
Analysis and implementation of an interleaved series input parallel output active clamp forward converter
Authors: Chen Shin‐Ju , Yang Sung‐Pei , Cho Meng‐Fu 
Published: May 2013

A novel dual active clamp forward topology with interleaved series input parallel output (ISIPO) structure is proposed here. The ISIPO active clamp forward converter enables the converter cells to share the input voltage and output current. The interleaved operation can diminish the output current ripple in the output capacitor. The output capacitance of switching devices and the resonant inductance are utilised to realise the resonance at the transition interval of switches such that the zero‐voltage‐switching operation for all switches can be achieved. Moreover, the energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance is recycled such that the voltage stresses of switching devices are reduced. All these features make the proposed converter suitable for the DC–DC converters with high input voltage, high output current and high‐efficiency applications. The operating principle and design considerations are provided in detail. Finally, experimental results based on a 240 W(12 V/20 A) prototype with an input voltage of 400 V are presented to verify the theoretical analysis and circuit performance.
Source switching circuit with low‐gate‐driving loss in high‐voltage buck light emitting diode driver
Authors: Liao Tse‐Ju , Hung Chia‐Chieh , Chen Chern‐Lin 
Published: May 2013

Source switching circuit with low‐gate‐driving loss in high‐voltage buck light emitting diode (LED) driver is proposed in this study. Source switching circuit comprises of a high‐voltage power metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) (HVMOS) and a low‐voltage power MOSFET (LVMOS) in series, a capacitor and a Zener diode. By switching the HVMOS by different source voltage and constant gate voltage, it recycles gate charges of HVMOS to reduce gate‐driving loss. Gate charges are recycled in the capacitor when LVMOS is turning off, and can be reused when LVMOS is turning on. This circuit also provides a new power feeding route for control chip, and power consumption is relatively low on the proposed route. The power feeding route also improves power efficiency. With a 12 W LED load, the experiment shows that the efficiency of the proposed driving circuit is improved by 3.7% with 156 V input voltage and 4.8% with 326 V input voltage compared with the converter using single HVMOS.
Grid simulator for power quality assessment of micro‐grids
Authors: Eloy‐García Joaquin , Vasquez Juan Carlos , Guerrero Josep M. 
Published: May 2013

In this study, a grid simulator based on a back‐to‐back inverter topology with resonant controllers is presented. The simulator is able to generate three‐phase voltages for a range of amplitudes and frequencies with different types of perturbations, such as voltage sags, steady‐state unbalanced voltages, low‐order harmonics and flicker. The aim of this equipment is to test the performance of a given system under such distorted voltages. A prototype of the simulator, consisting of two inverters connected back‐to‐back to a 380 V three‐phase grid and feeding a micro‐grid composed of two‐inverter interfaced distributed generators and a critical load was built and tested. A set of experimental results for linear purely resistive loads, non‐linear loads and current‐controlled inverters is presented to prove the capabilities of the simulator. Finally, a case study is presented by testing a micro‐grid.
Design of backstepping control for high‐performance inverter with stand‐alone and grid‐connected power‐supply modes
Authors: Wai Rong‐Jong , Lin Chih‐Ying , Wu Wen‐Chuan , Huang Hsin‐Ning 
Published: May 2013

In this study, the backstepping control (BSC) design for a high‐performance inverter with the functions of stand‐alone and grid‐connected power supply is developed so that distributed generation units can operate individually or in a micro‐grid mode. In the stand‐alone power‐supply mode, the output ac voltage can supply to ac loads. In the grid‐connected power‐supply mode, the goal of power management can be achieved by controlling the amplitude and direction of the output current in the inverter. As a result, the proposed high‐performance inverter with the BSC scheme has the output voltage with a low total harmonic distortion in the stand‐alone power‐supply mode and the output current with a high‐power factor in the grid‐connected power‐supply mode to provide an ac output with high‐performance power quality. The effectiveness of the proposed high‐performance inverter with the BSC is verified by experimental results of a 3 kW prototype, and the merit of the proposed BSC scheme is indicated in comparison with previous proportional‐integral control, proportional‐resonant control and adaptive total sliding‐mode control strategies.
Improved double line voltage synthesis of matrix converter for input current enhancement under unbalanced power supply
Authors: Yan Yan , An Haijiao , Shi Tingna , Xia Changliang 
Published: May 2013

Input voltage unbalance causes input current waveform degradation of matrix converter because of the lack of reactive component in dc link. To reduce the harmonic content of input current, dynamic input current modulation methods based on space vector modulation strategy have been presented in some works. This study proposes two improved double line voltage synthesis (DLVS) strategies for matrix converters. Both strategies apply the dynamic input current modulation methods to DLVS aiming at improving input and output waveforms at the same time. Besides, simplicity is another advantage of the methods proposed in this study. Phase detection of input current modulation vector is eliminated, which reduces the calculation time of control algorithm. Numerical simulations and experiments with a 10 kW prototype are carried out. The results are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Effect of stenting after laryngotracheal reconstruction in a subglottic stenosis model
Authors: Jewett Brian S. , Cook Raymond D. , Johnson Kenneth L. , Logan Thomas C. , Shockley William W. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVESThis study addresses the impact of stenting on early wound healing after laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in a rabbit model with established subglottic stenosis.METHODSSubglottic stenosis was created in 42 New Zealand white rabbits through a transoral, endoscopic technique. Three weeks later, endoscopy and axial CT were performed to document and grade the degree of stenosis. Subsequently, LTR was performed in all animals, with half of the animals receiving an intraluminal stent. Four rabbits from each group were euthanized on postoperative days 6, 9, 14, 21, and 28. Measurements of graft vascularization were obtained with a computerized image measurement program, and a comparison was made regarding the rate of vascularization.RESULTSThere was a statistically significant increase in the rate of vascularization in the stented group (mean 75% ± 5% vs 56% ± 3% at day 14;P< 0.05). However, clinical and radiographic comparisons of the stented and nonstented specimens revealed a trend toward increased mucosal edema and granulation tissue in the stented group at later time intervals (days 21 and 28).CONCLUSIONThis analysis suggests that stenting does not inhibit graft vascularization in the early postoperative period after LTR; however, complications were seen in the stented group at longer time intervals.
Efficacy of serologic testing in asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Sabini Paul , Sclafani Anthony P. 
Published: May 2013

PURPOSEThe goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of a detailed questionnaire, auditory brain stem response testing (ABR), MRI, and an extensive battery of serologic tests in diagnosing asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL).METHODS AND MATERIALPatients with audiograms demonstrating ASNHL of 10 dB or greater in 2 consecutive frequencies or 15 dB in any 1 frequency between 250 and 6000 Hz were asked to participate. Patients underwent MRI scanning of the cerebellopontine angle, internal auditory canals, and posterior fossa with gadolinium contrast, ABR, and an extensive battery of tests. The causative diagnosis was made by the individual clinician based on each patient's history, physical examination, and test results.RESULTSForty‐five patients completed the study. A review of the data confirmed the utility of a detailed history and physical examination, MRI, and fluorescent treponemal antibody test in all cases. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, glycosylated hemoglobin, Lyme antibody titers, and total hemolytic component (CH50) were helpful in selected cases. Thyroid function testing, complete blood count, Sequential Multiple Analysis‐7, prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time, lipid profile, and ABR were of no value in these patients.CONCLUSIONA careful history and physical examination, MRI, and fluorescent treponemal antibody test should be performed for the evaluation of all patients with ASNHL; however, more extensive serologic testing, including sedimentation rate, glycosylated hemoglobin, Lyme antibody titers, and CH50, should be selectively performed, based on a suggestive history or suspicious physical findings.
Dexamethasone pharmacokinetics in the inner ear: Comparison of route of administration and use of facilitating agents
Authors: Chandrasekhar Sujana S. , Rubinstein Ran Y. , Kwartler Jed A. , Gatz Michael , Connelly Patricia E. , Huang Elizabeth , Baredes Soly 
Published: May 2013

There is growing otologic interest in treating inner ear disorders, such as sudden sensorineural hearing loss and acute or unremitting Meniere's disease, with intratympanic dexamethasone (IT‐DEX). Although anecdotally reported, there are no scientific clinical papers and few prior laboratory research publications on the subject. This study compares perilymph dexamethasone concentrations after systemic and intratympanic administration and assesses the role of 3 potential transport facilitators of IT‐DEX into perilymph. Forty guinea pigs (79 ears) were randomly separated into 5 groups. Dexamethasone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. IT‐DEX resulted in higher perilymph steroid levels than intravenous dexamethasone (P < 0.05). Histamine facilitator resulted in significantly higher perilymph steroid levels than IT‐DEX alone (P < 0.05). Neither hyaluronic acid nor dimethylsulfoxide was a potent facilitator. This study demonstrates that IT‐DEX administration results in superior perilymph levels within 1 hour of administration and does not result in systemic absorption. Histamine is a potent facilitating agent. The clinical implications are considerable.
Sensory recovery in melolabial flaps used for oral cavity reconstruction
Authors: Civantos Francisco J. , Roth Jeffrey , Goodwin W. Jarrard , Weed Donald T. 
Published: May 2013

Current literature advocates the use of complex reinnervated free flaps to re‐establish oral sensation after resection of oral cavity cancers. It has been demonstrated that noninnervated flaps can also re‐establish sensation. We assessed the return of sensation in local melolabial flaps used in oral reconstruction. Seven patients underwent sensory testing at intervals from 12 to 18 months after surgery. The ability to distinguish differences in temperature was present in all patients. Spontaneous return of sensitivity to touch was documented by clinical testing in 71% of the patients. Less return of sensation was seen in flaps used for defects of the buccal mucosa relative to the floor of mouth. We conclude that spontaneous return of flap sensation does occur with local melolabial flaps. Given the simplicity of these procedures, melolabial flaps represent a reasonable alternative in floor‐of‐mouth reconstruction for selected patients.