bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring Small Neutron Star Spins with Neutron Star–Black Hole Mergers
Authors: Gupta Ish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The precise measurement of neutron star (NS) spins can provide important insight into the formation and evolution of compact binaries containing NSs. While traditional methods of NS spin measurement rely on pulsar observations, gravitational-wave detections offer a complementary avenue. However, determining component spins with gravitational waves is hindered by the small dimensionless spins of the NSs and the degeneracy in the mass and spin parameters. This degeneracy can be addressed by the inclusion of higher-order modes in the waveform, which are important for systems with unequal masses. This study shows the suitability of NS–black hole mergers, which are naturally mass-asymmetric, for precise NS spin measurements. We explore the effects of the black hole masses and spins, higher-mode content, inclination angles, and detector sensitivity on the measurement of NS spin. We find that networks with next-generation observatories like the Cosmic Explorer and the Einstein Telescope can distinguish NS dimensionless spin of 0.04 (0.1) from zero at 1σ confidence for events within ∼350 (∼1000) Mpc. Networks with A+ and A♯ detectors achieve similar distinction within ∼30 (∼70) Mpc and ∼50 (∼110) Mpc, respectively.
The Peculiar Precursor of a Gamma-Ray Burst from a Binary Merger Involving a Magnetar
Authors: Xiao Shuo , Zhang Yan-Qiu , Zhu Zi-Pei , Xiong Shao-Lin , Gao He , Xu Dong , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Peng Wen-Xi , Li Xiao-Bo , Zhang Peng , Lu Fang-Jun , Lin Lin , Liu Liang-Duan , Zhang Zhen , Ge Ming-Yu , Tuo You-Li , Xue Wang-Chen , Fu Shao-Yu , Liu Xing , Liu Jin-Zhong , Li An , Wang Tian-Cong , Zheng Chao , Wang Yue , Jiang Shuai-Qing , Li Jin-Da , Liu Jia-Cong , Cao Zhou-Jian , Luo Xi-hong , Yang Jiao-jiao , Yi Shu-Xu , Wang Xi-Lu , Cai Ce , Yi Qi-Bin , Zhao Yi , Xie Sheng-Lun , Li Cheng-Kui , Luo Qi , Song Li-Ming , Zhang Shu , Qu Jin-Lu , Liu Cong-Zhan , Li Xu-Fang , Xu Yu-Peng , Li Ti-Pei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The milestone discovery of GW170817-GRB 170817A-AT 2017gfo has shown that gravitational waves (GWs) could be produced during the merger of a neutron star–neutron star/black hole and that in electromagnetic (EM) waves, a gamma-ray burst (GRB) and a kilonova (KN) are generated in sequence after the merger. Observationally, however, EM properties before the merger phase are still unclear. Here we report a peculiar precursor in a KN-associated long-duration GRB 211211A, providing evidence of the EM before the merger. This precursor lasts ∼0.2 s, and the waiting time between the precursor and the main burst is ∼1 s, comparable to that between GW170817 and GRB 170817A. The spectrum of the precursor could be well fit with a nonthermal cutoff power-law model instead of a blackbody. In particular, a ∼22 Hz quasiperiodic oscillation candidate (∼3σ) is detected in the precursor. These temporal and spectral properties indicate that this precursor is probably produced by a catastrophic flare accompanied with magnetoelastic or crustal oscillations of a magnetar in a binary compact merger. The strong magnetic field of the magnetar can also account for the prolonged duration of GRB 211211A. However, it poses a challenge to reconcile the rather short lifetime of a magnetar with the rather long spiraling time of a binary neutron star system only by the GW radiation before the merger.
Effect of Transverse Magnetic Field on Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability in the Presence of a Radiation Field
Authors: Peng Hang , Yu Fang , Huliuta Yauheni , Wei Lai , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Liu Yue 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The dispersion relation of the magnetized Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability driven by shear flow with zero thickness of the shear layer is derived theoretically based on a set of magnetohydrodynamic equations in the presence of a transverse magnetic field and a radiation field. The influence of the magnetic field strength, the radiation field strength, and the density ratio of the two sides of the shear layer on KH instability is analyzed by solving the dispersion equation. The results indicate that the presence of radiation and transverse magnetic fields can destabilize the KH instability due to the resulting increase in Mach number, which in turn reduces the compressibility of the system. Also, the extent of the destabilizing effect of the magnetic field can be affected by the magnetoacoustic Mach number M
1f
and the Mach number M
2. The growth rates vary more significantly for relatively small values of both parameters. Finally, the stabilizing effect of a large density ratio is considered, and it is found that as the density ratio increases, the effect of the radiation field is more significant at larger Mach number M
2. These results can be applied to astrophysical phenomena with velocity shear, such as flows across the transition layer between an H ii region and a molecular cloud, accretion flows, and shear flows of cosmic plasmas.
Les moines peuvent-ils rire ?
Authors: Casey Michael , Duchesne Jean 
Published: July 2024

On sait que saint Benoît n’a pas vu le rire d’un oeil favorable et ne fait que concéder au moine le rire eu égard à la faiblesse de la nature humaine. La tradition monastique n’est cependant pas univoque : elle reconnaît non seulement le besoin humain de récréation, mais aussi le rire comme « expression de la joie ineffable » .
La couverture des toits des châteaux savoyards aux xiiie et xive siècles : un patchwork de matériaux
Authors: Kersuzan Alain 
Published: July 2024

Les comptes de châtellenies et de péages du comté de Savoie et dans une moindre mesure ceux du Dauphiné regorgent, pour les xiiie et xive s., d’une foule d’informations relatives aux réparations et renouvellements des couvertures des édifices castraux. Ils donnent avec précision les périodes et les causes (intempéries, vétusté, incendies) des destructions ainsi que les mises en œuvre des restaurations, en détaillant les matériaux, leur origine, les procédés artisanaux, les hommes et les coûts. Mais jamais ils ne n’offrent d’images précises, détaillées et techniques des différents éléments de couverture. A contrario, l’archéologie du bâti fournit ces informations et permet souvent d’établir une typologie des tuiles voire des bardeaux et des lauzes et parfois de leur pose lorsqu’il en est resté en place. Les deux disciplines sont donc inéluctablement complémentaires, l’une fournissant les matériaux, leur forme et par elle les techniques, l’autre les dates, les causes, le nombre et les moyens humains et financiers auxquels s’ajoutent les termes techniques et professionnels utilisés à l’époque.
« The Strangest Transformation Took Place » : parcours, détours et bifurcations dans Orlando de Virginia Woolf
Authors: Marie Caroline 
Published: July 2024

Dans Orlando, Virginia Woolf remet en question la métaphore traditionnelle de la vie comme parcours. En empruntant à la pantomime la technique de la transformation à vue, elle délaisse le cheminement linéaire et graduel et dessine un feuilletage temporel, psychologique et mental. En effet, le détour analogique, proche du « montage intellectuel » théorisé par Eisenstein, constitue paradoxalement un raccourci conceptuel. Tel un déclencheur de mémoire, il invite la conscience à parcourir un feuilletage temporel qui évoque la conception bergsonienne de la durée. Le changement à vue permet ainsi une modélisation des rapports de l’être au monde conçus comme un réglage perpétuel. La nature mécanique de la transition spatio-temporelle, en raison de sa connotation déterministe, appelle une articulation avec les concepts de création et de liberté, mettant au jour une profonde affinité entre Orlando et la philosophie d’Henri Bergson.
Le PISA : la stéréotypie d’une évaluation « informative » sur l’École
Authors: Bart Daniel , Daunay Bertrand 
Published: July 2024

Lancé à la fin des années 1990, le Programme international pour le suivi des acquis des élèves (PISA) s’est imposé comme une référence centrale dans le domaine des évaluations institutionnelles scolaires. Les données, résultats ou classements du PISA, se retrouvent ainsi largement repris dans les débats scientifiques, politiques, médiatiques ou pédagogiques. À partir d’une analyse d’un corpus de textes du Programme, cet article montre cependant que sa visée informative peut être questionnée sous l’angle des stéréotypes sur l’École et ses acteurs que le discours du PISA contribue à construire.
Comparison of Histological Chorioamnionitis in Pre-Term Delivery with and without Pre-Term Rupture of Membrane
Authors: Shahshahan Zahra , Zarean Elahe , Jahanfar Samaneh , Hedayat Pegah 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is a histologic response to intra-uterine inflammation that is usually confirmed by pathology examination after pre-term delivery and characterized by acute granulocyte infiltration into the fetal-maternal or fetal tissues. This study aimed to compare the HCA in pre-term delivery with and without pre-term rupture of membrane for assessment of its role on early neonatal outcomes and fetal heart rate patterns.

Materials and Methods:
This case-control study was conducted on placenta, chorionamnion, and cord of 100 cases with and without pre-term rupture of membrane between 28 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks delivered between March 2018 and February 2021. The kind of delivery, gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, a 5 min Apgar score <7, and fetal heart rate patterns in two groups with and without HCA were assessed.

Results:
The odds ratio (OR) for HCA was adjusted for fetal heart rate patterns, gestational age, and delivery mode (vaginal delivery or cesarean section). Vaginal delivery, gestational age, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and a 5 min Apgar score <7 were associated with HCA [OR: 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2–9.5, P < 0.05; OR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5–1.1, P < 0.05; OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.6–2.1, P < 0.05; and OR: 0.9, 95% CI: 0.7–1.3, P < 0.05), respectively. However, there were no specific fetal heart rate patterns associated with HCA.

Conclusion:
Placental histology examination in pre-term infants with low Apgar scores may be useful to investigate the association between neonatal complications in pre-term delivery and asymptomatic chorioamnionitis.
The Relationship Between Iron and Zinc Deficiency and Aphthous Stomatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Torabinia Nakisa , Asadi Saba , Tarrahi Mohammad J. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is known as the most common ulcerative lesion in the oral mucosa. Aphthous has an unknown etiology and is considered a multifactorial disease. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between iron and zinc deficiency and the occurrence of RAS.

Materials and Methods:
This systematic review and metaanalysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Data were obtained through an electronic search in international databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Springer, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar, and domestic Persian databases, including SID, Magiran, and Iran Medex, until April 2021. New-castle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to determine the eligibility of studies by evaluating the title and summary of the articles and a partial evaluation of the full text. Comprehensive Metaanalysis (CMA) software was used for data analysis.

Results:
Initially, a total of 1383 articles were retrieved, of which 941 were duplicate studies. Further, 384 studies were excluded after evaluation of the title and abstract, and 36 studies were excluded after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, 22 articles were included in the metaanalysis. The standardized mean difference value was –0.421 (–0.623--0.20) for iron factor, –0.309 (–0.463--0.154) for iron factor in men, –0.483 (–0.375--0373) for iron factor in women, and –0.955 (–0.282--1.628) for the zinc factor.

Conclusion:
In general, the serum iron level (in general, in male and female patients separately) and the zinc serum level in patients with RAS were significantly lower than those of healthy people.
Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis: A Community Based Case Control Study
Authors: Kokiwar Prashant R. , Soodi Reddy Arun K. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Prevention of diabetes in the general population can help reduce the incidence of tuberculosis. Hence it is necessary to document that diabetes is strongly associated with tuberculosis as a risk factor.

Objective:
To study if diabetes is associated with tuberculosis compared to controls.

Materials and Methods:
A community based case-control study was carried out. 215 newly diagnosed cases of tuberculosis on treatment for not more than three months were selected randomly from the randomly selected tuberculosis unit. 215 neighbourhood controls were selected. They were matched for the age group of ± 10 years and sex. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) was estimated using a glucometer.

Results:
Tobacco chewing, residence and family history of TB were significantly more in cases (P < 0.05). Mean BMI was significantly lower in cases compared to controls. The proportion of TB cases among the known cases of diabetes was 67% compared to 33% in controls, which was statistically significant. Mean FBS was significantly higher in cases compared to controls (P < 0.05). The odds of cases being diabetic was 2.456 times more than those of controls. On binary logistic regression, diabetes was an independent risk factor for tuberculosis. Other independent risk factors were tobacco chewing, and family history of TB.

Conclusion:
Family history of tuberculosis, and tobacco chewing were positively associated with tuberculosis whereas body mass index was negatively associated with tuberculosis. Diabetes was significantly associated with tuberculosis.
Effectiveness of “Healthy Living Training Program” on Obese Policemen
Authors: Sabale Rupali V. , Velhal Gajanan , Kabra Yashovardhan , Nellikkal Shilpa 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Considering the concerns of obesity problems, Mumbai Police authorities had launched full-day residential “Healthy Living Training Program” in February 2019 for obese policemen. We studied the effectiveness of the program by assessing health profile of the participants, and change in anthropometric measurements and blood pressure readings.

Methods and Materials:
Permission from the concerned authorities and approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) were taken. Health profiles of 143 policemen were assessed. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure recordings were done on the first and the last day of the 28-day program. The data were coded and entered in password-protected Microsoft Excel. Paired t-test was applied to test statistically significant differences. The association of some of the variables with weight change was assessed by the Chi-square test for categorical variables.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 49.6 ± 5 years. The proportion of hypertensive, diabetics, vision problems, and bone and joint problems were 48.2%, 23.2%, 57.1%, and 46.4%, respectively. Only 70% of them had home-cooked food in the lunch. Daily, 50% of the participants do physical activity. There was statistically significant weight reduction (105.6 ± 12.1s vs. 103.3 ± 12 kg), body mass index (BMI) (36.3 ± 3.4 vs. 35.5 ± 3.3), waist circumference (110.8 ± 7.9 vs. 109.5 ± 7.9), and hip circumference (115.6 ± 8.1 vs. 106.8 ± 15.0) of the participants after 28 days of training program.

Conclusion:
“Healthy Living Training Program” was effective in reducing weight, blood pressure, BMI, and waist and hip circumference. The program benefitted the participants by inculcating healthy lifestyles and raising awareness of health issues.
Pathogenicity role of human herpesvirus-8 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abdullah Zahraa Ali , Yasir Luma Amer , Ewadh Ruqaya Munther J. , Al. Alwany Shakir H. Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Certain hematologic cancers, including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), have been associated with the pathogenicity of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). HHV-8’s involvement in acute leukemia patients is yet unclear, nevertheless. The diagnosis, categorization, and course of treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia, an aggressive heterogeneous hematologic malignancy, have changed dramatically in recent years.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to investigate the pathogenicity role of HHV-8 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of a group of the Iraqi population.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Case–control research has been carried out on 75 fresh blood samples recruited from the Mirjan Teaching Hospital in Al-Hilla City. The studied blood samples were obtained from patients with AML enrolled in this study, whereas control groups in the current study included 75 fresh whole blood. The specimens were collected during the period from June 2023 to February 2024. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify HHV-8.

RESULTS:
The results show that the mean age of the patients with AML (48.5 ± 10.23 years) was more than that of the apparently healthy control (46.26 ± 11.21 years). There was a nonsignificant difference between patients with AML and the control group. In addition, the male in this study group constituted 56% (42/75), whereas 44% (33/75) were female. Furthermore, the positive of viral genome extraction was found in 41.3% (31 out of 75 of the specimens with viral genome), whereas 59.7% (44/75) specimens did not contain viral genome. The PCR results showed that in the AML patient group, the rate of HHV-8 infection was 35.4% (11 out of 31 cases).

CONCLUSION:
Considering the relatively small numbers included in our results, the positive results lead to the idea that HHV-8 works as a cofactor in the tumor biology of the AML subset under consideration and may have contributed to its development.
Influence of intraocular inflammatory cytokine levels on postoperative complications in congenital cataract surgery
Authors: Kaur Savleen , Sharma Surya Prakash , Sukhija Jaspreet , Ram Jagat , Singh Nirbhai 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) accounts for the most significant and most challenging complication after successful cataract surgery in children. Our study aimed to investigate the levels of cytokines in the aqueous humor of children afflicted with congenital cataracts and their association with PCO.

Methods:
This was an observational study conducted at a tertiary referral center in India. Consecutive children aged less than 5 years with unilateral/bilateral isolated idiopathic congenital cataracts and planned for cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation were included. During cataract surgery, 100–500 µl of aqueous samples were collected and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified in the aqueous humor.

Results:
An analysis of 28 samples was done. The mean age of the patients was 16.7 ± 0.4 months (range 3–60 months) with a mean follow-up 14.2 ± 2.3 months. On binary logistic regression, the level of MCP-1 was significantly related to the development of PCO at 1 year (P = 0.0072). Levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were not associated with the development of PCO (P = 0.05 and P = 0.07, respectively).

Conclusion:
Inflammatory markers like IL-6 and IL-8 were raised in children with pediatric cataracts in our study. Chronic high levels of MCP-1–induced fibrosis may be associated with PCO.
SARS-CoV-2 positivity rates in tear secretions of inpatient COVID-positive individuals in an Indian tertiary care setting
Authors: Raj Amit , Nishant Prateek , Pati Binod K , Saha Bhawesh C , Singh Prabhakar , Sarfaraz Asim , Sravani Sanepalli , Shrivastav Kopal 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
In the third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, despite progressive vaccination coverage, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was rapidly spreading and the possibility for ocular transmission of COVID-19 was most relevant. This study aimed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in tears as detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), among individuals who tested COVID-positive during the third wave of the COVID pandemic.

Methods:
Among 90 patients admitted with mild to severe COVID-19 infection (ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms), separate conjunctival samples were obtained from both eyes without topical anesthesia taking precautions to avoid contamination. Inferior fornices of the eyes were swept slowly with sterile Dacron swabs for 10 s or until visibly wet. They were inoculated directly in a viral lysis buffer containing carrier RNA and transported to the Virology Laboratory for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR. Conjunctival swabs were declared positive based on cycle threshold values of <37.

Results:
Seven of 180 conjunctival swabs were positive (3.9%). Five patients had unilateral positive and one patient had bilateral positive conjunctival swabs. Thirty-six (40%) patients had their conjunctival swabs taken on the same day of detection of the first positive nasopharyngeal swab, while the rest (54) had their conjunctival swabs taken up to 3 days later. Overall, 20 (22.2%) patients were symptomatic for COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Considering the contagious nature of SARS-CoV-2 in the third wave, there is a possibility that ocular surface fluid might have been a contributing factor along with other modes of transmission of COVID-19.
Peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal vascular index in patients with tension-type headache and migraine
Authors: Icoz Mehmet , Akdeniz Merve 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the choroidal vascular characteristics of patients followed up with different headache diagnoses.

Design:
Prospective comparative study.

Methods:
This study included 21 patients with migraine with visual aura (MwA), 20 with migraine without aura, 29 patients experiencing episodic tension-type headache, and 30 healthy participants. The participants was performed refraction values, axial length, and intraocular pressure were examined. Choroidal thickness was determined in all participants with HD-line optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the subfoveal, nasal, and temporal quadrants 500 μm from the fovea. Using special image processing software, luminal area (LA), stromal area, total choroidal area, and choroidal vascular index (CVI) values were calculated in both macular and peripapillary regions. OCT was also used to perform peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness and optic disc head measurements.

Results:
Spherical refraction, axial length, and intraocular pressure values did not significantly differ among the four groups with similar gender and age distributions (P > 0.05). The LA values in both macular and peripapillary regions were found to be statistically significantly lower in the MwA group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups in terms of the remaining choroidal area parameters or CVI values (P > 0.05). The groups also did not show any significant difference in the pRNFL or optic disc head measurements performed in different quadrants (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
While LA, one of the choroidal vascular parameters, was found to be lower in the MwA group in both the macular and peripapillary regions, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the peripapillary or macular CVI values.