bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining price and non-price interventions for water conservation
Authors: Vivek Vivek , Kar Tapan , Meka Sesha , Malghan Deepak 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Marginal pricing has long been the instrument of choice to address water conservation challenges. More recently, non-price behavioral interventions have emerged as an alternative. However, there is limited data on the relative efficacies of price and non-price interventions. We report results from long-term field experiments studying unit-level water conservation responses to both price and non-price interventions in the same group of households (n = 64 186 household-days). Conservation habits, attitude-action gaps, principal-agent incongruities, and billing cycles help account for the heterogeneity in response between households, and across time. A non-price behavior modification intervention before the introduction of marginal pricing resulted in a large and significant effect on treated households (33%). The subsequent introduction of marginal volumetric pricing also reduced water use (8%, for previously untreated households). However, this average price effect masks how a large share (21%) of households increased water use, or how a mere 12% of the households accounted for all the aggregate reduction in water use. We investigated such heterogeneous responses as a systematic conservation maximization design question beyond statistical variance in individual responses. We used daily water consumption measurements across three years alongside a household survey to delineate structural and agentic barriers to conservation behavior. Our analysis reveals how combining price and non-price behavioral interventions could hold the key to achieving conservation effects that are both large and persistent.
Performance of empirical and model-based classifiers for detecting sucrase-isomaltase inhibition using the 13C-sucrose breath test
Authors: Van Wyk Hannah , Lee Gwenyth O , Schillinger Robert J , Edwards Christine A , Morrison Douglas J , Brouwer Andrew F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The 13C-sucrose breath test (13C-SBT) has been proposed to estimate sucrase-isomaltase (SIM) activity and is a promising test for SIM deficiency, which can cause gastrointestinal symptoms, and for intestinal mucosal damage caused by gut dysfunction or chemotherapy. We previously showed how various summary measures of the 13C-SBT breath curve reflect SIM inhibition. However, it is uncertain how the performance of these classifiers is affected by test duration. We leveraged 13C-SBT data from a cross-over study in 16 adults who received 0, 100, and 750 mg of Reducose, an SIM inhibitor. We evaluated the performance of a pharmacokinetic-model-based classifier,

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, and three empirical classifiers (cumulative percent dose recovered at 90 min (cPDR90), time to 50% dose recovered, and time to peak dose recovery rate), as a function of test duration using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We also assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of consensus classifiers. Test durations of less than 2 h generally failed to accurately predict later breath curve dynamics. The cPDR90 classifier had the highest ROC area-under-the-curve and, by design, was robust to shorter test durations. For detecting mild SIM inhibition,

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had a higher sensitivity. We recommend 13C-SBT tests run for at least a 2 h duration. Although cPDR90 was the classifier with highest accuracy and robustness to test duration in this application, concerns remain about its sensitivity to misspecification of the CO2 production rate. More research is needed to assess these classifiers in target populations.
Multi-criteria analysis of low impact development practices: a case study in the Tan Hoa - Lo Gom basin, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Giang Ngo Ngoc , Xuan Quang Chau Nguyen , Trang Le Thanh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Urban flooding poses a significant challenge for cities globally. In recent years, Low Impact Development (LID) has been recognized as an effective and sustainable solution for managing urban floods. This study employs the EPA-Storm Water Management Model (EPA-SWMM), social surveys, and multi-criteria analysis (MCA) to assess the effectiveness of LID practices from environmental, social, and economic sustainability perspectives. Results demonstrated that implementing LID techniques such as rain gardens, infiltration trenches, permeable pavements, and their combinations in the Tan Hoa - Lo Gom basin can reduce the average total runoff volume by 8.77% to 30.80% under the current land use-land cover and the design hyetograph with a 3-hour duration and a 5-year return period. Moreover, there is a reduction of approximately 7.42% to 30.59% in the average total runoff volume for the design hyetograph with a 3-hour duration and a 5-year return period, aiming to assess the climate change impact. Additionally, sociological and economic aspects are integrated to comprehensively assess each LID practice through MCA via the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Overall, the analysis results indicated that the scenarios involving the application of rain gardens, infiltration trenches, and their combinations are more effective than other scenarios. These findings will provide valuable insights for decision-making and planning of other LID projects in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) to mitigate urban flooding, particularly in light of the escalating challenges posed by urbanization and climate change.
Optimization of a PM2.5 automatic monitoring network based on the modeling approach – A case study in Long An province, Vietnam
Authors: Ta Bui Long , Hoang Nguyen Phong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Currently, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is one of the well-recognized serious environmental health risks. In particular, PM2.5 has remarkably impacted the human respiratory, cardiovascular, and circulatory systems. Vietnam has frequently ranked among the countries with the highest annual mean PM2.5 levels in Southeast Asia and worldwide. Thus, building a real-time continuous ambient PM2.5 monitoring network is an important environmental management tool to reduce health effects attributable to PM2.5 exposure. Nevertheless, measurement locations of an air quality monitoring (AQM) network depend strongly on meteorological conditions in the area and sensitivity to local primary emission sources, which significantly determines the AQM network’s operational efficiency. This study aims to estimate and optimize outdoor PM2.5 monitoring sites of an automatic air quality monitoring (AAQM) network using a system of low-cost sensors in Long An province, based on the spatio-temporal distribution assessment results of PM2.5 concentrations from WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model)/CMAQ (the Community Multiscale Air Quality) models. The prominent study outcomes have shown that the 2018 average PM2.5 concentration in Long An province exceeded the threshold of QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT (25 μg/m3) from 5.6 to 7.9 times. Moreover, this study has proposed four optimal monitoring sites (AQ1, AQ2, AQ3, and AQ4) for the automatically real-time PM2.5 observation in the areas of Tan An City, Can Giuoc District, the ring roads 3 and 4, and Kien Tuong Town. The study has provided an important scientific basis and support for local air quality management activities; furthermore, the newly proposed monitoring locations will complement the province’s periodic monitoring program towards 2025.
A Visualisation of Cavite, Philippines’ Peri-urban Landscape Transformations through Morphogenetic Montage Clusters
Authors: Nadal C D S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The use of landscape character area-morphogenetic montage clusters (LCAr-MMCs) is part of the landscape character system for the PhD research project entitled, “Capturing the Dynamic Character of the Philippine Peri-urban Landscape: A Landscape Character System Approach for the Region of Cavite.” These LCAr-MMCs are visualisation clusters created to suggest a localised approach in characterisation that can fully utilize the attributes of the landscape as potential references for planning and management of landscape in the rural-urban interface. The LCAr-MMCs, as a visualisation tool, addressed the need to uncover interpretations of the intangible and temporal morphogenetic qualities of Cavite’s current peri-urban landscape. Finding a visualisation method that can express the landscape’s adaptation to changes caused by peri-urbanisation was important in future planning initiatives, and the LCAr-MMCs provided that by showcasing the changes and patterns of development in Cavite through an assemblage of written texts, images, and cartographic maps. Cavite’s LCAr-MMCs became sources of evidence of the waves of landscape change in this landscape region. LCAr-MMCs supplied a collage of anecdotes and images depicting the evolution of Cavite’s landscape throughout time. The four (4) landscape clusters resulting from this project also created manageable sets of information known as periods of landscape influences, which were organised in phases of landscape evolution. The LCAr-MMCs asserted the adaptive qualities of the peri-urban landscape as well as the temporality of its natural and cultural environment. These clusters eventually exhibited an evolutionary landscape character that gave rise to the peri-urban landscape we know today.
Evaluation and Development of Healing Garden Based on Biophilic Design Approach in Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Hospital
Authors: Sabila Y R , Fatimah I S , Anggraeni D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The need for gardens in health facilities became the concern of Harapan Kita Cardiovascular Center Hospital (RSJPDHK). Landscape architecture research has identified the importance of therapeutic green space as a rehabilitation strategy on the physical and psychological resilience that can affect health and work performance. Therefore, the possibility to develop green space need to be designed in conjunction with the restorative function through the healing garden concept with biophilic approach. This research aims to identify the potentials and constraints of 3 chosen sites on RSJPDHK building; evaluate the healing garden value on site 1, which is an existing roof garden; and develop a biophilic-based healing garden design on sites 2 and 3, which are undeveloped roof and corridor yard. The research stages were carried out with reference to modified Booth (1984). The results showed that site 1 is suitable as a healing garden with standard criteria. Meanwhile, design development was carried out on sites 2 and 3 with the concept of healing garden and biophilic approach, entitled ‘rejuvenate’ which produced the output of design recommendations for RSJPDHK.
Evaluation of Visual and Functional Quality of Grass and Trees at RSJMM Heritage Golf Field in Bogor City
Authors: Ardhana F A , Sulistyantara B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
RSJMM Heritage Golf Club is the oldest golf course in Bogor City. The quality of a golf course depends on the quality of the grass, both visually and functionally. It is also influenced by the tree that performs as a natural challenge for the game. The objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the visual quality of grass and trees, (2) to evaluate the functional quality of grass, and (3) to propose maintenance plan recommendations. The methods used in this research were observation, interview, and literature review. Furthermore, the data obtained were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Binomial test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The result shows that the average visual quality of the tree is categorized as very good. Meanwhile, the visual quality of the grass shows that grass density is classified as moderate for the green area and high for the tee box and fairway areas. The color, color uniformity, the presence of particles, and the texture of 3 areas met the standard. The functional quality of the grass indicated that pruning height in 3 areas, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root length other than 1 area met the standard. The elasticity of the grass is included in the category of fast and medium fast for regular play. The result of this study provides recommendations for a maintenance plan to develop the quality of RSJMM Heritage Golf Club.
Biotope Mapping of San Mariano, Isabela for Forest Conservation and Management
Authors: Taylan A R M , Navarra N L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Forests in San Mariano, Isabela, Philippines are invaluable resources facing threats from destructive activities and natural disturbances, resulting to significant forest loss. To address this challenge, this study introduces biotope mapping as a tool for forest conservation and management in San Mariano, Isabela. The goal is to identify and map the different biotopes in San Mariano, Isabela which helps in enhancing sustainable forest management strategies, ensuring the long-term preservation of forest ecosystems. By conducting site visits, utilizing remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis, the distribution and classification of biotopes in San Mariano are determined. Through overlaying the soil type map, land cover map, and landform map, 22 biotopes were determined, and each were visually presented by showing a section-elevation diagram of each biotope. Furthermore, an assessment was also done for each biotope providing a comprehensive understanding of the different biotopes within the study area. This also serves as a reference for prioritizing conservation efforts, establishing protected areas, implementing habitat restoration initiatives, and mitigating threats to forest ecosystems. The findings and recommendations of this study contribute to the promotion of effective forest conservation and management, ensuring the long-term preservation of the forested landscapes.
A multi-aspect approach of a building to achieve optimization in India’s major green building rating systems by incorporating BIM
Authors: Siddhartha Arvind , Beulah Gnana Ananthi G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the concept of “green buildings,” structures designed to enhance the quality of life within their geographical context through their unique attributes. In the context of India, this study focuses on three primary green building rating systems: LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design), IGBC (Indian Green Building Council), and GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment). The objective of this article is to present an optimized three-dimensional model for a commercial building, employing Building Information Modelling (BIM) techniques. To achieve this, a checklist is developed based on the maximum rating points stipulated by the aforementioned rating systems. Using this checklist as a guideline, a three-dimensional model is constructed, integrating key parameters of sustainability and environmental performance. Subsequently, a cost analysis is conducted on the model to determine the payback time, thus establishing a holistic framework for sustainable building design. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable architectural practices by integrating BIM technology with green building rating systems, providing a valuable methodology for architects and stakeholders to optimize commercial building designs with an emphasis on sustainability and environmental responsibility.
Corrosion Characteristics and Durability of Bio Concrete – A Review
Authors: Swaroopa  , Leonel Cutinha Laurel , shetty Shanmukha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Concrete, is a crucial construction material widely used in infrastructure, has inherent limitations despite its versatility. It exhibits constrained ductility, low resistance to cracking, and relatively weak tensile strength. Global research has continuously sought modifications to address these issues in conventional cement concrete. Periodic exposure to harmful substances can lead to concrete corrosion, potentially causing structural failures that impact long-term operational efficiency. Studies in the literature focus on enhancing corrosion resistance, with microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP) being a notable outcome. Recent research highlights specific bacterial species, like Bacillus subtilis, capable of enhancing the durability and lifespan of concrete structures. However, the actual impact on strength and properties depends on factors such as concrete mix design, bacterial concentration, and environmental conditions. Ongoing research in Bacillus subtilis application is evolving, and actual data may vary based on specific experiments and conditions. For the latest information, referring to the current scientific literature is recommended. Microbial concrete holds promise in significantly extending infrastructure service life, reducing maintenance expenses, and enhancing structural safety. This study delves into the fundamental mechanism of microbiological concrete, offering insights into factors strengthening and prolonging concrete life while presenting limitations.
A comprehensive analysis of water quality of open wells at Alevuru and Badagabettu-76 village of Udupi Taluk, Karnataka, India
Authors: Sharma H S , Rakesh R , Shrihari S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The availability of pure water is one of the most essential requirements for all living organisms. In rural areas of Udupi, Karnataka, India, well water serves as the primary source of water for residents. Hence the objectives of the study were to find the physical and chemical characteristics of the well water sources in Udupi taluk; and to assess the suitability of the well water sources in Udupi taluk for drinking purposes by determining water quality index (WQI). Water samples (n=24) were collected from open wells from Alevuru and Badagabettu-76 villages of Udupi taluk during October 2023. Water quality parameters analyzed were pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, chloride, sulphate, chemical oxygen demand and iron. The WQI revealed that the well water in majority of the sites was fit for drinking. All parameters were within the permissible limits in majority of the wells except for iron and pH.
The University of Hope
Authors: Kostera Monika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Is the university as we know it dead? Monika Kostera thinks not, but across the globe universities are under attack, be it by external forces or from within. Will they survive? Our civilization requires that they must: planetary survival and sustainability depend on them. This book provides vital resources to give us all—professional academics, students, and university administrators—hope that universities will emerge renewed out of the current crisis. It inspires all of us to practice, collectively and consciously, academic virtues: kindness, diligence, patience, temperance, chaste desire, humility, and collegiality. These virtues can help reduce some of the detrimental aspects of a prevalent culture of vice, conflict, and violence that we witness, experience, and are complicit in, both within our universities and beyond. As the book shows, the practice of academic virtues can enable us to cultivate awareness of the common good that academia serves: the preservation and development of humanity’s potential of knowledge. Drawing on a rich variety of ideas, theories, empirical cases, real and fictitious stories, as well as examples and images from art and literature, Monika Kostera demonstrates the splendid complexity of academic ecosystems. It is through looking for hope for the university that we find hope for society and the planet. The two are inextricably linked: you cannot have one without the other! In suggesting tangible steps for restoring a sense of meaning to academic work and the collegial community worldwide, The University of Hope shows us a path out of the darkness.
Mobilization
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Byzantium fought a defensive war against the Arabs for some two centuries. It was a highly taxed and highly militarized state, which generated large military and naval forces. An Arab estimate of 120,000 troops can be demonstrated to be reliable, to which some 30,000 naval personnel should be added. The old civil provinces were grouped together under military commands. The regional commander was the senior ranking figure, but the civil administration remained answerable to the centre. Only one aspect is known of the process of reviving army morale after the loss of the Levant to the Arabs—regional armies were rebranded as themata, a term taken over from the finest fighting forces of the time, those of steppe nomads. The whole of society, from court to peasant village, was committed to the struggle for survival, as can be shown by the loyalty of highlanders and the large-scale enlistment of peasants.
Tenth Century II
Authors: Howard-Johnston James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tenth-century emperors, from Romanos Lekapenos (920–44) to Basil II (976–1025), issued laws to stem the rise of the powerful. As well as philanthropic care for the poor, their prime motive was to defend the peasant village from encroachment from outside. Individual laws are analysed, from the first enactment of 922, which allowed family and community interest to override the free market, to the final tidying legislation of 996. Attention is also paid to measures taken to ensure the proper functioning of the courts. Contrary to received opinion, it is concluded that the crown’s legislative campaign, incorporating much moral exhortation, was successful in the main and that the courts continued to enforce the new laws in the eleventh century.
Sustainability of Public Debt in India
Authors: Shanmugam K R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the economic perspective of the sustainability of combined public debt of centre and state governments in India, and reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the topic. It also presents public debt trends in India. Using statistical approaches and the threshold regression method, it shows that the current level of debt is unsustainable. Econometric estimates reveal that the debt sustainability threshold for India is 61.6 per cent, and that a higher level of debt can be growth-reducing. The simulation exercises based on debt dynamics suggest that India should grow at 11 per cent or above and the fiscal deficit target should be 2 per cent each for the centre and all states to obtain sustainable debt by 2028–29.
Post-COVID Economic Recovery, Macroeconomic Uncertainties, and Fiscal Responsibility
Authors: Chakraborty Pinaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While the global economy is battling the economic shock due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the war between Russia and Ukraine has increased global macroeconomic uncertainties manifold. The Union Budget 2022–23 reflects the possibility of significant fiscal consolidation this fiscal year. As the economy deals with COVID- and war-induced macroeconomic uncertainties, the realization of the proposed fiscal consolidation strategy, revenue target, and expenditure-allocation priorities would depend on the way the Indian economy navigates these challenges as they unfold. The macro-fiscal risks emanating outside the budget are also likely to play a major role in shaping general government debt and deficit.