bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease: The impact of nonmotor symptoms
Authors: Duncan Gordon W. , Khoo Tien K. , Yarnall Alison J. , O'Brien John T. , Coleman Shirley Y. , Brooks David J. , Barker Roger A. , Burn David J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNonmotor symptoms (NMS) are common in patients with established Parkinson's disease (PD) and have a major impact upon quality of life. We investigated the significance of NMS in relation to health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with newly diagnosed PD. Patients and healthy controls were recruited as part of the Incidence of Cognitive Impairment in Cohorts with Longitudinal Evaluation in Parkinson's Disease Study. Prevalence of NMS was determined with the Non‐Motor Symptom Questionnaire. HRQoL was recorded with the 39‐item Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ‐39). Further assessments included measures of motor disability, depression, sleep, and cognition. One hundred and fifty‐eight patients with newly diagnosed PD and 99 controls participated in this cross‐sectional study. Patients reported greater numbers of NMS than controls (mean 8.3 ± 4.3 versus 2.8 ± 2.5 symptoms; P < 0.001). Patients reported lowest HRQoL in the domains assessing bodily discomfort, mobility, and activities of daily living. Motor and nonmotor symptoms impacted negatively upon HRQoL scores. Patients with the postural instability and gait difficulty motor subtype reported worse HRQoL, compared with those with tremor‐dominant disease. Depression (P < 0.001), incomplete bowel emptying (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), impaired concentration (P < 0.001), memory complaints (P < 0.001), and insomnia (P = 0.001) had the greatest negative impact upon HRQoL. NMS are common in patients with early PD and represent a significant cause of poorer health‐related quality of life. Cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and sleep disturbances are particularly associated with reduced well‐being. Screening and management of these symptoms should be prioritized at the time of diagnosis. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Future of brain stimulation: New targets, new indications, new technology
Authors: Hariz Marwan , Blomstedt Patric , Zrinzo Ludvic 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn the last quarter of a century, DBS has become an established neurosurgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD), dystonia, and tremors. Improved understanding of brain circuitries and their involvement in various neurological and psychiatric illnesses, coupled with the safety of DBS and its exquisite role as a tool for ethical study of the human brain, have unlocked new opportunities for this technology, both for future therapies and in research. Serendipitous discoveries and advances in structural and functional imaging are providing abundant “new” brain targets for an ever‐increasing number of pathologies, leading to investigations of DBS in diverse neurological, psychiatric, behavioral, and cognitive conditions. Trials and “proof of concept” studies of DBS are underway in pain, epilepsy, tinnitus, OCD, depression, and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, as well as in eating disorders, addiction, cognitive decline, consciousness, and autonomic states. In parallel, ongoing technological development will provide pulse generators with longer battery longevity, segmental electrode designs allowing a current steering, and the possibility to deliver “on‐demand” stimulation based on closed‐loop concepts. The future of brain stimulation is certainly promising, especially for movement disorders—that will remain the main indication for DBS for the foreseeable future—and probably for some psychiatric disorders. However, brain stimulation as a technique may be at risk of gliding down a slippery slope: Some reports indicate a disturbing trend with suggestions that future DBS may be proposed for enhancement of memory in healthy people, or as a tool for “treatment” of “antisocial behavior” and for improving “morality.” © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Alcohol challenge and sensitivity to change of the essential tremor rating assessment scale
Authors: Voller Bernhard , Lines Emily , McCrossin Gayle , Artiles Aaron , Tinaz Sule , Lungu Codrin , Hallett Mark , Haubenberger Dietrich 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe ability of the Essential Tremor (ET) Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) to detect changes in tremor severity is unknown.MethodsFifteen adult ET patients received a single oral ethanol dose calculated to reach 0.05 g/dL breath alcohol content (brAC). Effects were investigated independently with accelerometry and TETRAS.ResultsAccelerometry data were log‐transformed and a cumulative score logACC(R+L) was calculated. Correlation between logACC(R+L) and TETRAS was significant. TETRAS and accelerometry showed a significant effect of time point using repeated‐measures analysis of variance. The difference between baseline and each of the following six time points as well as the correlation of TETRAS with brAC were significant. The calculated minimum detectable change of TETRAS was 8.9% and the effect size was d = 4.75 (95% confidence interval: 3.60–5.90).ConclusionWe demonstrated sensitivity to change of the TETRAS performance scale after a therapeutic intervention, which further establishes its potential for use in both clinical and research settings. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dopamine overdose hypothesis: Evidence and clinical implications
Authors: Vaillancourt David E. , Schonfeld Daniel , Kwak Youngbin , Bohnen Nicolaas I. , Seidler Rachael 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAbout a half a century has passed since dopamine was identified as a neurotransmitter, and it has been several decades since it was established that people with Parkinson's disease receive motor symptom relief from oral levodopa. Despite the evidence that levodopa can reduce motor symptoms, there has been a developing body of literature that dopaminergic therapy can improve cognitive functions in some patients but make them worse in others. Over the past two decades, several laboratories have shown that dopaminergic medications can impair the action of intact neural structures and impair the behaviors associated with these structures. In this review, we consider the evidence that has accumulated in the areas of reversal learning, motor sequence learning, and other cognitive tasks. The purported inverted‐U shaped relationship between dopamine levels and performance is complex and includes many contributory factors. The regional striatal topography of nigrostriatal denervation is a critical factor, as supported by multimodal neuroimaging studies. A patient's individual genotype will determine the relative baseline position on this inverted‐U curve. Dopaminergic pharmacotherapy and individual gene polymorphisms can affect the mesolimbic and prefrontal cortical dopaminergic functions in a comparable, inverted‐U dose‐response relationship. Depending on these factors, a patient can respond positively or negatively to levodopa when performing reversal learning and motor sequence learning tasks. These tasks may continue to be relevant as our society moves to increased technological demands of a digital world that requires newly learned motor sequences and adaptive behaviors to manage daily life activities. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Quercetin prevents liver carcinogenesis by inducing cell cycle arrest, decreasing cell proliferation and enhancing apoptosis
Authors: Casella María Laura , Parody Juan Pablo , Ceballos María Paula , Quiroga Ariel Darío , Ronco María Teresa , Francés Daniel Eleazar , Monti Juan Alberto , Pisani Gerardo Bruno , Carnovale Cristina Ester , Carrillo María Cristina , de Luján Alvarez María 
Published: October 2013

ScopeQuercetin is the most abundant flavonoid in human diet. It has special interest as it holds anticancerous properties. This study aims to clarify the mechanisms involved in quercetin effects during the occurrence of preneoplastic lesions in rat liver.Methods and resultsAdult male Wistar rats were subjected to a two‐phase model of hepatocarcinogenesis (initiated‐promoted group). Initiated‐promoted animals also received quercetin 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight (IPQ10 and IPQ20 groups, respectively). Antioxidant defenses were modified by quercetin administration at both doses. However, only IPQ20 group showed a reduction in number and volume of preneoplastic lesions. This group showed increased apoptosis and a reduction in the proliferative index. In addition, IPQ20 group displayed a reduction of cell percentages in G1 and S phases, accumulation in G2, and decrease in M phase, with reduced expression of cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin B, and cyclin‐dependent kinase 1. Interestingly, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α levels were reduced in IPQ20 group.ConclusionThe outcomes of this study represent a significant contribution to the current understanding on the preventive mechanisms of quercetin during the early stages of liver cancer development, demonstrating that in addition to its known proapoptotic characteristics, the flavonoid modulates the expression of critical cell cycle regulators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐α activity.
Prediction of the wine polyphenol metabolic space: An application of the Phenol‐Explorer database
Authors: Boto‐Ordóñez María , Rothwell Joseph A. , Andres‐Lacueva Cristina , Manach Claudine , Scalbert Augustin , Urpi‐Sarda Mireia 
Published: October 2013

ScopeKnowledge of in vivo polyphenol metabolites derived from the consumption of red wine could be key to understanding its health benefits. This work aimed to predict the wine polyphenol metabolic space in biofluids by using all available data compiled in the Phenol‐Explorer database.Methods and resultsA search strategy was developed for Phenol‐Explorer to obtain the widest range of metabolites related to wine consumption. A total of 97 metabolites have been described in intervention studies with wine and related products (n = 37), and after consumption of pure compounds known to be wine constituents (n = 90). These 97 metabolites, derived from host and microbial metabolism of several classes of polyphenols, were found in plasma and urine samples and some of them have demonstrated higher or lower biological activities than the parent compound in in vitro studies. The metabolites have been linked to generate, for the first time, a global pathway map of wine in vivo polyphenol metabolism.ConclusionThe retrieval of the widest range of metabolites so far described and their assembly as a metabolic pathway map could aid the identification of possible biomarkers of wine consumption and improve current understanding of the health effects of wine consumption.
In vivo detection of citrate in brain tumors by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3T
Authors: Choi Changho , Ganji Sandeep K. , Madan Akshay , Hulsey Keith M. , An Zhongxu , Zhang Song , Pinho Marco C. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Bachoo Robert M. , Maher Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo test whether citrate is elevated in adult patients with gliomas using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 3T in vivo.MethodsThirty‐four adult patients were enrolled in the study, including six subjects with glioblastomas, eight subjects with astrocytomas (World Health Organization grade 3, n = 5; grade 2, n = 3), and 20 subjects with oligodendrogliomas (grade 3, n = 5; grade 2, n = 15). Five healthy volunteers were studied for baseline citrate data. Single‐voxel localized spectra were collected with point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) echo times of 35 and 97 ms and were analyzed with LCModel software using numerically calculated basis spectra that included the effects of the PRESS radiofrequency and gradient pulses.ResultsCitrate was not measurable by MRS in healthy brain but was detected in tumor patients at both echo times. The citrate concentration was estimated to be as high as 1.8 mM with reference to water at 42 M, with Cramér‐Rao lower bounds (CRLB) as low as 5%. The mean citrate level was 0.7 ± 0.4 mM (mean ± SD, n = 32) with a median CRLB of ∼12%. No correlation was identified between citrate concentration and tumor grade or histological type.ConclusionCitrate was increased in the majority of gliomas in adult patients. The elevated citrate in our data indicates an altered metabolic state of tumor relative to healthy brain. Magn Reson Med 72:316–323, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging neurodegeneration in the mouse hippocampus after neonatal hypoxia–ischemia using oscillating gradient diffusion MRI
Authors: Aggarwal Manisha , Burnsed Jennifer , Martin Lee J. , Northington Frances J. , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo investigate if frequency‐dependent contrasts using oscillating gradient diffusion MRI (dMRI) can detect hypoxia–ischemia (HI) ‐induced neurodegeneration in the neonatal mouse hippocampus.MethodsPulsed‐ and oscillating‐gradient dMR images (at 50, 100, and 150 Hz) were acquired from postmortem fixed brains of mice exposed to neonatal HI using the Rice‐Vanucci model. MRI data were acquired at 1, 4, and 8 days following HI, and compared with histological data from the same mice for in situ histological validation of the MRI findings.ResultsThe rate of change of apparent diffusion coefficient with gradient frequency (ΔfADC) revealed unique layer‐specific contrasts in the neonatal mouse hippocampus. ΔfADC measurements were found to show a significant decrease in response to neonatal HI injury, in the pyramidal (Py) and granule (GrDG) cell layers compared with contralateral regions. The areas of reduced intensity in the ΔfADC maps corresponded to regional neurodegeneration seen with H&E and Fluoro‐Jade C stainings, indicating that alterations in ΔfADC contrasts are sensitive to early microstructural changes due to HI‐induced neurodegeneration in the studied regions.ConclusionThe findings show that the frequency‐dependence of ADC measurements with oscillating‐gradient dMRI can provide a sensitive contrast to detect HI‐induced neurodegeneration in neuronal layers of the neonatal mouse hippocampus. Magn Reson Med 72:829–840, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absolute magnetic susceptibility of rat brain tissue
Authors: Peprah Marcus K. , Astary Garrett W. , Mareci Thomas H. , Meisel Mark W. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeThis study was performed to test the commonly held hypothesis that the absolute magnetic susceptibility of brain tissue is close to that of water since water accounts for over 50% of the tissue composition. In addition, the absolute value of susceptibility of brain tissue is needed for the development of materials that are implanted into or in close proximity to tissue.MethodsThe absolute magnetic susceptibilities of different sections of rat brain, which were exsanguinated and perfusion‐fixed, have been measured in a commercial superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer operating in fields up to 7T.ResultsThe average measured values ranged from −(9.51 ± 0.01) × 10−6 for the cerebellum to −(8.99 ± 0.01) × 10−6 for a mixture of hippocampus, corpus callosum, and striatum. The time evolution of the samples was also studied, and deviations of <1% were observed after 4 weeks, although this trend was sample‐specific.ConclusionThe measured susceptibilities are close to the value measured for high‐performance liquid chromatography H2O and depend on the amount of gray and white matter regions present in the samples. Magn Reson Med 72:876–879, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Free‐breathing cardiac MR stress perfusion with real‐time slice tracking
Authors: Basha Tamer A. , Roujol Sébastien , Kissinger Kraig V. , Goddu Beth , Berg Sophie , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo develop a free‐breathing cardiac MR perfusion sequence with slice tracking for use after physical exercise.MethodsWe propose to use a leading navigator, placed immediately before each 2D slice acquisition, for tracking the respiratory motion and updating the slice location in real‐time. The proposed sequence was used to acquire CMR perfusion datasets in 12 healthy adult subjects and 8 patients. Images were compared with the conventional perfusion (i.e., without slice tracking) results from the same subjects. The location and geometry of the myocardium were quantitatively analyzed, and the perfusion signal curves were calculated from both sequences to show the efficacy of the proposed sequence.ResultsThe proposed sequence was significantly better compared with the conventional perfusion sequence in terms of qualitative image scores. Changes in the myocardial location and geometry decreased by 50% in the slice tracking sequence. Furthermore, the proposed sequence had signal curves that are smoother and less noisy.ConclusionThe proposed sequence significantly reduces the effect of the respiratory motion on the image acquisition in both rest and stress perfusion scans. Magn Reson Med 72:689–698, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water‐selective excitation of short T2 species with binomial pulses
Authors: Deligianni Xeni , Bär Peter , Scheffler Klaus , Trattnig Siegfried , Bieri Oliver 
Published: October 2013

PurposeFor imaging of fibrous musculoskeletal components, ultra‐short echo time methods are often combined with fat suppression. Due to the increased chemical shift, spectral excitation of water might become a favorable option at ultra‐high fields. Thus, this study aims to compare and explore short binomial excitation schemes for spectrally selective imaging of fibrous tissue components with short transverse relaxation time (T2).MethodsWater selective 1‐1‐binomial excitation is compared with nonselective imaging using a sub‐millisecond spoiled gradient echo technique for in vivo imaging of fibrous tissue at 3T and 7T.ResultsSimulations indicate a maximum signal loss from binomial excitation of approximately 30% in the limit of very short T2 (0.1 ms), as compared to nonselective imaging; decreasing rapidly with increasing field strength and increasing T2, e.g., to 19% at 3T and 10% at 7T for T2 of 1 ms. In agreement with simulations, a binomial phase close to 90° yielded minimum signal loss: approximately 6% at 3T and close to 0% at 7T for menisci, and for ligaments 9% and 13%, respectively.ConclusionOverall, for imaging of short‐lived T2 components, short 1‐1 binomial excitation schemes prove to offer marginal signal loss especially at ultra‐high fields with overall improved scanning efficiency. Magn Reson Med 72:800–805, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of botulinum toxin type A on non‐injected bi‐articular muscle include a narrower length range of force exertion and increased passive force
Authors: Ateş Filiz , Yucesoy Can A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) injection in rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscle affects the mechanics of its bi‐articular synergist, both actively and passively. Methods: Two groups of Wistar rats were tested: control (no BTX‐A) and BTX (0.1 U of BTX‐A) animals were injected exclusively to the mid‐belly of TA. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle isometric forces were measured after proximal and distal lengthening. Results: Five days after injection, BTX‐A administration changed EDL mechanics: (1) active forces decreased (proximal muscle length dependently); (2) length range of active force exertion decreased both proximally and distally; and (3) passive muscle forces increased. Conclusions: Effects of BTX‐A appear to not be limited to decreased active muscle tone, but may cause also a narrower active range of movement and increased passive resistance. Through spread of BTX‐A to a bi‐articular muscle, such effects are plausible for both joints spanned. Muscle Nerve 49: 866–878, 2014
Activity rating scales in adult muscle disease: How well do they actually measure?
Authors: Seedat Farah , James Meredith K. , Rose Michael R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In an accompanying study we reported on the content of several activity rating scales that have been used for muscle disease. To further aid in achieving consensus we conducted a systematic review to assess the quality of the 19 activity rating scales designed specifically for muscle disease. Methods: We analyzed the measurement properties and the feasibility of the 19 instruments. Several databases were searched for studies relating to the quality of the instruments under review. Two independent reviewers selected studies and assessed instrument quality using pre‐agreed criteria based on published frameworks. Results: We found that none of the 19 instruments have sufficiently comprehensive reporting of measurement or feasibility performance as would be required by regulatory authorities. Conclusions: Further work is required urgently to address these deficiencies of reporting or acquiring additional data. Until then, there will remain a major barrier for translational research to overcome. Muscle Nerve 50: 24–33, 2014
De novo partial deletion in GRID2 presenting with complicated spastic paraplegia
Authors: Maier André , Klopocki Eva , Horn Denise , Tzschach Andreas , Holm Teresa , Meyer Robert , Meyer Thomas 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Complex forms of spastic paraplegia (SPG) are rare and genetically heterogeneous. In apparently sporadic cases, analysis of known SPG genes often fails to reveal a mutation. Methods: We report a 24‐year‐old patient with a syndrome of spastic paraplegia, ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, and lower motor neuron involvement. Results: Screening of the patient's genome for copy number variation identified a novel 276 kb deletion spanning the first exon of the GRID2 gene. MRI scan showed atrophy of the cerebellum, and electromyography revealed a chronic disorder of motor neurons or their axons. A deletion in GRID2, coding for the glutamate receptor delta‐2 subunit precursor protein, was excluded in either parent, suggesting that the deletion in the index patient occurred de novo. Conclusions: We hypothesize that the deletion identified here is the cause of our patient's clinical presentation, due to the resemblance to the GRID2 mutation phenotype in mouse models. Muscle Nerve 49: 289–292, 2014