bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time‐course effect of high‐glucose‐induced reactive oxygen species on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in human renal mesangial cells
Authors: Al‐Kafaji Ghada , Sabry Mohamed Abdalla , Skrypnyk Cristina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe present study investigated the time‐course effect of high‐glucose‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in human renal mesangial cells and the effect of direct inhibition of ROS on mitochondria. The cells were cultured for 1, 4, and 7 days in normal glucose or high glucose in the presence and absence of Mn(III)tetrakis(4‐benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) or catalase. Mitochondrial ROS production was assessed by confocal microscope. mtDNA copy number and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC‐1α), nuclear respiratory factors 1 (NRF‐1), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) transcripts were analyzed by real‐time PCR. PGC‐1α, NRF‐1, and TFAM proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Mitochondrial function was determined by assessing mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. High glucose induced significant increases in mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at day 1, which remained significantly elevated at days 4 and 7. The copy number of mtDNA and expression of PGC‐1α, NRF‐1, and TFAM were significantly increased at 1 day in high glucose but were significantly decreased at 4 and 7 days. A progressive decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was observed at 1, 4, and 7 days in high glucose, and this was associated with decreased ATP levels. Treatment of cells with MnTBAP or catalase during high‐glucose incubation attenuated ROS production and reversed the alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis in human renal mesangial cells may be an early adaptive response to high‐glucose‐induced ROS, and prolonged ROS production induced by chronic high glucose decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and impaired mitochondrial function. Protection of mitochondria from high‐glucose‐induced ROS may provide a potential approach to retard the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Chemistry of N,S‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Metallaboratrane Complexes: A New η3‐BCC‐Borataallyl Complex
Authors: Roy Dipak Kumar , De Anangsha , Panda Subhankar , Varghese Babu , Ghosh Sundargopal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA high‐yielding synthetic route for the preparation of group 9 metallaboratrane complexes [Cp*MBH(L)2], 1 and 2 (1, M=Rh, 2, M=Ir; L=C7H4NS2) has been developed using [{Cp*MCl2}2] as precursor. This method also permitted the synthesis of an Rh–N,S‐heterocyclic carbene complex, [(Cp*Rh)(L2)(1‐benzothiazol‐2‐ylidene)] (3; L=C7H4NS2) in good yield. The reaction of compound 3 with neutral borane reagents led to the isolation of a novel borataallyl complex [Cp*Rh(L)2B{CH2C(CO2Me)}] (4; L=C7H4NS2). Compound 4 features a rare η3‐interaction between rhodium and the B‐C‐C unit of a vinylborane moiety. Furthermore, with the objective of generating metallaboratranes of other early and late transition metals through a transmetallation approach, reactions of rhoda‐ and irida‐boratrane complexes with metal carbonyl compounds were carried out. Although the objective of isolating such complexes was not achieved, several interesting mixed‐metal complexes [{Cp*Rh}{Re(CO)3}(C7H4NS2)3] (5), [Cp*Rh{Fe2(CO)6}(μ‐CO)S] (6), and [Cp*RhBH(L)2W(CO)5] (7; L=C7H4NS2) have been isolated. All of the new compounds have been characterized in solution by mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and 1H, 11B, and 13C NMR spectroscopies, and the structural types of 4–7 have been unequivocally established by crystallographic analysis.
Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions Catalysed by 3 d Metal Complexes
Authors: Siewert Inke 
Published: August 2015

AbstractProton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions are essential for a wide range of natural energy‐conversion reactions and recently, the impact of PCET pathways has been exploited in artificial systems, too. The Minireview highlights PCET reactions catalysed by first‐row transition‐metal complexes, with a focus on the water oxidation, the oxygen reduction, the hydrogen evolution, and the CO2 reduction reaction. Special attention will be paid to systems in which the impact of such pathways is deduced by comparison to systems with “electron‐only”‐transfer pathways.
A Novel Cathode Material for Cathodic Dehalogenation of 1,1‐Dibromo Cyclopropane Derivatives
Authors: Gütz Christoph , Selt Maximilian , Bänziger Markus , Bucher Christoph , Römelt Christina , Hecken Nadine , Gallou Fabrice , Galvão Tomás R. , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLeaded bronze turned out to be an excellent cathode material for the dehalogenation reaction of cyclopropanes without affecting the strained molecular entity. With this particular alloy, beneficial properties of lead cathodes are conserved, whereas the corrosion of cathode is efficiently suppressed. The solvent in the electrolyte determines whether a complete debromination reaction is achieved or if the process can be selectively stopped at the monobromo cyclopropane intermediate. The electroorganic conversion tolerates a variety of functional groups and can be conducted at rather complex substrates like cyclosporine A. This approach allows the sustainable preparation of cyclopropane derivatives.
First Total Synthesis of Trehalose‐Containing Branched Oligosaccharide OSE‐1 of Mycobacterium gordonae (Strain 990)
Authors: Chaube Manishkumar A. , Kulkarni Suvarn S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the branched oligosaccharide OSE‐1 of Mycobacterium gordonae (strain 990) is reported. An intramolecular aglycon delivery approach was used for constructing the desymmetrized 1,1′‐α,α‐linked trehalose moiety. A [3+2] glycosylation of the trisaccharide donor and trehalose acceptor furnished the right hand side pentasaccharide. Regioselective O3 glycosylation of L‐rhamnosyl 2,3‐diol allowed expedient synthesis of the left hand side tetrasaccharide. The nonasaccharide was assembled in a highly convergent fashion through a [4+5] glycosylation.
Entwicklung eines Design for End of Life Tools für die Luftfahrtindustrie
Authors: Wimmer Ann‐Kathrin , Salles Ana , Müller Torsten , Elsner Peter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIm Rahmen des Projekts Clean Sky wurde ein Ecodesign Guideline Tool für die Luftfahrtindustrie entwickelt. Entsprechend den Zielen des europäischen Beratungsgremiums für die Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (ACARE) wurden zahlreiche luftfahrtspezifische Life Cycle Assessment Daten zu Materialien und Materialkombinationen gesammelt und in ein neu entwickeltes, einfach handhabbares Datenbanktool implementiert. Somit bietet das Tool eine robuste Grundlage für ein drittes Entscheidungskriterium neben Kosten und Gewicht. Das Tool ist auf die End of Life Phase fokussiert, insb. auf Wirtschaftlichkeit, Separation und Recyclingprozesse.
Thermodynamic and kinetic study of the production of oxygenated compounds: Synthesis of 1,1‐diethoxybutane catalyzed by amberlyst‐15
Authors: Rahaman Mehabub , Graça Nuno S. , Pereira Carla S. M. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present work is a thermodynamic and kinetic study of the acetalization reaction between butyraldehyde and ethanol to produce the acetal 1,1‐diethoxybutane (DEB). The reaction was catalyzed by the commercial ion‐exchange resin Amberlyst‐15. Through a study of the reaction thermodynamic equilibrium, it was possible to determine the equilibrium constant value as a function of temperature, , and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters, and . Additionally, the standard enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of DEB formation were also calculated, as and , respectively. A mathematical model considering mass‐transfer limitations was used to simulate the batch reactor operation. The parameters estimated for the mathematical model were and . This acetalization reaction presents activation energy of .
4‐Alkylated Silver–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes with Cytotoxic Effects in Leukemia Cells
Authors: Sandtorv Alexander H. , Leitch Calum , Bedringaas Siv Lise , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: August 2015

AbstractComputational chemistry has shown that backbone‐alkylated imidazoles ought to be efficient ligands for transition metal catalysts with improved carbene‐to‐metal donation. In this work, such alkylated imidazoles were synthesized and complexed with silver(I) by means of an eight/nine‐step synthetic pathway we devised to access a new class of biologically active silver complexes. The synthesis involves selective iodination of the imidazole backbone, followed by Sonogashira coupling to replace the backbone iodine. The installed alkyne moiety is then subjected to reductive hydrogenation with Pearlman’s catalyst. The imidazole N1 atom is arylated by the palladium‐catalyzed Buchwald N‐arylation method. The imidazole N3 position was then methylated with methyl iodine, whereupon the synthesis was terminated by complexation of the imidazolium salt with silver(I) oxide. The synthetic pathway provided an overall yield of ≈20 %. The resulting complexes were tested in vitro against HL60 and MOLM‐13 leukemic cells, two human‐derived cell lines that model acute myeloid leukemia. The most active compounds exhibiting low IC50 values of 14 and 27 μM, against HL60 and MOLM‐13 cells, respectively. The imidazole side chain was found to be essential for high cytotoxicity, as the imidazole complex bearing a C7 side chain at the 4‐position was four‐ to sixfold more potent than the corresponding imidazole elaborated with a methyl group.
Diagnostic utility of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 immunostaining in the diagnosis of mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: A comparative study of salivary gland cancers
Authors: Kawahara Akihiko , Taira Tomoki , Abe Hideyuki , Takase Yorihiko , Kurita Takashi , Sadashima Eiji , Hattori Satoshi , Imamura Ichio , Matsumoto Shinji , Fujisaki Hitomi , Sueyoshi Kazunobu , Akiba Jun , Kage Masayoshi 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDMammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) with an ETS variant gene 6 (ETV6)–neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 3 (NTRK3) translocation is a newly described type of salivary gland cancer. It is known that overexpression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (STAT5a) occurs in secretory carcinoma of the breast and MASC, and STAT5a expression may be related to the ETV6‐NTRK3 translocation. It was hypothesized that phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (p‐STAT5) might be specifically expressed in MASC of the salivary gland.METHODSThe expression of p‐STAT5 and mammaglobin (MMG) was examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC)/immunocytochemistry (ICC) in tissue sections from 58 salivary gland cancers (8 MASCs and 50 other salivary gland cancers) and in cytological smears from 17 salivary gland cancers (7 MASCs with paired histologic samples and 10 other salivary gland cancers).RESULTSp‐STAT5 IHC was clearly increased in MASC versus normal salivary gland tissue and other salivary gland cancers. p‐STAT5 expression was found in 7 of 8 MASCs (87.5%) and in none of the 50 other salivary gland cancers (0%) by IHC. On cytology, p‐STAT5 expression was found in all cases of MASC (7 of 7 or 100%) but in none of the 10 other salivary gland cancers (0%) by ICC. The expression rate of MMG by histology and cytology was higher than that of p‐STAT5 in the other salivary gland cancers.CONCLUSIONSp‐STAT5 might be useful as a detection marker of MASC in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland cancers, and initial screening with p‐STAT5 IHC/ICC, combined with auxiliary fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmation, is a reliable, economical approach to identifying MASC of the salivary gland. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:603–11. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Numerical simulation of electrocardiograms for full cardiac cycles in healthy and pathological conditions
Authors: Schenone Elisa , Collin Annabelle , Gerbeau Jean‐Frédéric 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis work is dedicated to the simulation of full cycles of the electrical activity of the heart and the corresponding body surface potential. The model is based on a realistic torso and heart anatomy, including ventricles and atria. One of the specificities of our approach is to model the atria as a surface, which is the kind of data typically provided by medical imaging for thin volumes. The bidomain equations are considered in their usual formulation in the ventricles, and in a surface formulation on the atria. Two ionic models are used: the Courtemanche–Ramirez–Nattel model on the atria and the ‘minimal model for human ventricular action potentials’ by Bueno‐Orovio, Cherry, and Fenton in the ventricles. The heart is weakly coupled to the torso by a Robin boundary condition based on a resistor–capacitor transmission condition. Various electrocardiograms (ECGs) are simulated in healthy and pathological conditions (left and right bundle branch blocks, Bachmann's bundle block, and Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome). To assess the numerical ECGs, we use several qualitative and quantitative criteria found in the medical literature. Our simulator can also be used to generate the signals measured by a vest of electrodes. This capability is illustrated at the end of the article. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐administration of N‐Acetylcysteine and Acetaminophen Efficiently Blocks Acetaminophen Toxicity
Authors: Owumi Solomon E , Andrus James P , Herzenberg Leonard A , Herzenberg Leonore A 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Although acetaminophen (APAP) is an effective analgesic and anti‐pyretic, APAP overdose is the most frequent cause of serious, often lethal, drug‐induced hepatotoxicity. Administration of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) within 8 hours of APAP overdose effectively mitigates APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Thus, preventing APAP toxicity before it occurs by formulating APAP with NAC is logical and, as we show here in a mouse model, is effective in preventing APAP toxicity. Thus, toxic oral APAP doses sufficient to cause severe widespread liver damage do not cause significant damage when administered concurrently with equal amounts of NAC, that is, in the NAC‐APAP treated animals, hepatic transaminases increase only marginally and liver architecture remains fully intact. Thus, we conclude that concomitant oral dosing with APAP and NAC can provide a convenient and effective way of preventing toxicity associated with large dosage of APAP. From a public health perspective, these findings support the concept that a co‐formulation of APAP plus NAC is a viable over‐the‐counter (OTC) alternative to the current practice of providing APAP OTC and treating APAP toxicity if/when it occurs. In essence, our findings indicate that replacing the current OTC APAP with a safe and functional APAP/NAC formulation could prevent the accidental and intentional APAP toxicity that occurs today. Drug Dev Res 76 : 251‐258, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Projection of climate extremes in the Zhujiang River basin using a regional climate model
Authors: Wu Chuanhao , Huang Guoru 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBased on the representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, projected changes in climate extremes events in the Zhujiang River basin were investigated using the regional climate model RegCM4.0. Four extreme temperature indices (TXx, TNn, SU30, and TMINmean) and five extreme precipitation indices (Rx1day, Rx5day, SDII, R50mm, and SDII) defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) were used in the investigation. The performance of the model was validated through comparison between observations and simulations for the period 1971–2000. The results show that although RegCM4.0 has certain abilities to reproduce both the spatial distributions of the values of extreme climate indices and their trends in the Zhujiang River basin, there are some large biases in the model results. The model simulates extreme temperatures more accurately than extreme precipitation. Compared to the baseline period 1971–2000, the changes in future (2021–2050 and 2051–2080) climate extremes under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios show very similar patterns, with an increase in extreme temperatures across the entire region and an increase in extreme precipitation in most parts of the region. For the period 2006–2099, a significant warming trend can be expected under both emissions scenarios, especially under the high emissions scenario (RCP8.5). The risk of drought shows statistically significant increasing trends under the RCP8.5 scenario in most parts of the region, especially in the central part of the basin. Meanwhile, more intense rainfall events are expected to occur in most parts of the region, especially in the southern parts of the basin. Furthermore, the increases predicted under the RCP8.5 scenario are more pronounced than those predicted under the RCP4.5 scenario. Overall, our results suggest that the Zhujiang River basin will suffer more natural disasters, such as catastrophic floods, droughts, and heat weaves, in the future.
Relationship between pulp structure breakdown and nutritional value of papaya (Carica papaya) and strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) nectars using alternative thermal and non‐thermal processing techniques
Authors: Swada Jeffrey G , Keeley Christopher J , Ghane Mohammad A , Engeseth Nicki J 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPapaya and strawberry contain a wide array of nutrients that contribute to human health; however, availability of these fruits is limited due to their short shelf lives and seasonal nature. In this study, the effect of alternative techniques including ultra high temperature (UHT, 20–135 °C, 1–3 s) and irradiation (0–10 kGy) on carotenoid concentration, antioxidant capacity and changes to pulp structure using transmission electron microscopy were determined for papaya and strawberry nectars.RESULTSUHT had moderate effects on antioxidant capacity, but the greatest overall release of carotenoids from the pulp matrix (34.2%, 6.26%, 8.31%; β‐cryptoxanthin, β‐carotene, and lycopene, respectively). Irradiation resulted in the greatest increase in antioxidant capacity [19.22 to 24.32 µmol Trolox equivalents kg−1 (papaya), 190.51 to 287.68 µmol Trolox equivalents kg−1 (strawberry)], with moderate effects on carotenoid concentration.CONCLUSIONThis research demonstrates that decreases in nutrient value and antioxidant capacity can result from processing, but that regeneration of these losses can be seen corresponding to the apparent breakdown of pulp structure. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
In situ evaluation of the fruit and oil characteristics of the main Lebanese olive germplasm
Authors: Chehade Ali , Bitar Ahmad El , Kadri Aline , Choueiri Elia , Nabbout Rania , Youssef Hiyam , Smeha Maha , Awada Ali , Chami Ziad Al , Dubla Eustachio , Trani Antonio , Mondelli Donato , Famiani Franco 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDVery little information is available on the characteristics of the Lebanese olive germplasm. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the fruit and oil characteristics of the main Lebanese olive varieties (Aayrouni, Abou chawkeh, Baladi, Del and Soury) from two successive crop seasons (2010–2011).RESULTSAll of the genotypes had medium–high oil content in the fruit, indicating their suitability for oil production; Aayrouni had particularly high values. The variety Abou chawkeh also had a high pulp/pit ratio, which is a very desirable trait in table olives. For all the varieties the values of free fatty acids, peroxide values, absorbances in ultraviolet, fatty acid composition, sterol content and composition and erythrodiol + uvaol content of the oils were within the requirements of the International Olive Council's Trade Standard for extra virgin olive oil. The only exception was for the values of Δ‐7‐stigmastenol in 2011 in Soury and, especially, in Baladi, which were higher than 0.5%. In some cases, stearic and arachidic acids fluctuated around the maximum values allowed.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study provide a first picture of the main characteristics of olives and oils currently produced in Lebanon. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Development and initial testing of the Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire
Authors: Brennan Laura , Siderowf Andrew , Rubright Jonathan D. , Rick Jacqueline , Dahodwala Nabila , Duda John E. , Hurtig Howard , Stern Matthew , Xie Sharon X. , Rennert Lior , Karlawish Jason , Shea Judy A. , Trojanowski John Q. , Weintraub Daniel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this work was to describe the development and psychometric analysis of the Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire. The questionnaire is an item response theory‐based tool for rating cognitive instrumental activities of daily living in PD.MethodsCandidate items for the Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire were developed through literature review and focus groups of patients and knowledgeable informants. Item selection and calibration of item‐response theory parameters were performed using responses from a cohort of PD patients and knowledgeable informants (n = 388). In independent cohorts of PD patients and knowledgeable informants, assessments of test‐retest reliability (n = 50), and construct validity (n = 68) of the questionnaire were subsequently performed. Construct validity was assessed by correlating questionnaire scores with measures of motor function, cognition, an existing activities of daily living measure, and directly observed daily function.ResultsFifty items were retained in the final questionnaire item bank. Items were excluded owing to redundancy, difficult reading level, and when item‐response theory parameters could not be calculated. Test‐retest reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97; P < 0.001). The questionnaire correlated strongly with cognition (r = 0.68; P < 0.001) and directly observed daily function (r = 0.87; P < 0.001), but not with motor impairment (r = 0.08; P = 0.53). The questionnaire score accurately discriminated between PD patients with and without dementia (receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.91; 95% confidence interval: 0.85–0.97).ConclusionsThe Penn Parkinson's Daily Activities Questionnaire shows strong evidence of reliability and validity. Item response theory‐based psychometric analysis suggests that this questionnaire can discriminate across a range of daily functions. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society