bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation of the greenhouse whitefly,Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), among populations from Serbia and neighbouring countries, as inferred fromCOIsequence variability
Authors: Prijović M. , Škaljac M. , Drobnjaković T. , Žanić K. , Perić P. , Marčić D. , Puizina J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe greenhouse whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporariorumWestwood, 1856 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an invasive and highly polyphagous phloem-feeding pest of vegetables and ornamentals.Trialeurodes vaporariorumcauses serious damage due to direct feeding and transmits several important plant viruses. Excessive use of insecticides has resulted in significantly reduced levels of susceptibility of variousT. vaporariorumpopulations. To determine the genetic variability within and among populations ofT. vaporariorumfrom Serbia and to explore their genetic relatedness with otherT. vaporariorumpopulations, we analysed the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences of 16 populations from Serbia and six neighbouring countries: Montenegro (three populations), Macedonia (one population) and Croatia (two populations), for a total of 198 analysed specimens. A low overall level of sequence divergence and only five variable nucleotides and six haplotypes were found. The most frequent haplotype, H1, was identified in all Serbian populations and in all specimens from distant localities in Croatia and Macedonia. The COI sequence data that was retrieved from GenBank and the data from our study indicated that H1 is the most globally widespreadT. vaporariorumhaplotype. A lack of spatial genetic structure among the studiedT. vaporariorumpopulations, as well as two demographic tests that we performed (Tajima'sDvalue and Fu's Fs statistics), indicate a recent colonisation event and population growth. Phylogenetic analyses of the COI haplotypes in this study and otherT. vaporariorumhaplotypes that were retrieved from GenBank were performed using Bayesian inference and median-joining (MJ) network analysis. Two major haplogroups with only a single unique nucleotide difference were found: haplogroup 1 (containing the five Serbian haplotypes and those previously identified in India, China, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, Reunion and the USA) and haplogroup 3 (containing the single Serbian haplotype H3 and haplotypes from Costa Rica, the USA and Spanish Canary Islands). Collectively, our data indicate a rather limited value of COI as a genetic marker for discrimination between differentT. vaporariorumpopulations in the investigated area. Possible explanations for the observed lack of COI sequence variability, such as specific genetics of biological invasion and/or the influence of bacterial symbionts that manipulate insect reproduction, are discussed.
Paternal effects correlate with female reproductive stimulation in the polyandrous ladybirdCheilomenes sexmaculata
Authors: Mirhosseini M.A. , Michaud J.P. , Jalali M.A. , Ziaaddini M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractComponents of male seminal fluids are known to stimulate fecundity and fertility in females of numerous insect species and paternal effects on offspring phenotype are also known, but no studies have yet demonstrated links between male effects on female reproduction and those on progeny phenotype. In separate laboratory experiments employing 10-day-old virgin females ofCheilomenes sexmaculata(F.), we varied male age and mating history to manipulate levels of male allomones and found that the magnitude of paternal effects on progeny phenotype was correlated with stimulation of female reproduction. Older virgin males remained in copula longer than younger ones, induced higher levels of female fecundity, and sired progeny that developed faster to yield heavier adults. When male age was held constant (13 days), egg fertility declined as a function of previous male copulations, progeny developmental times increased, and the adult weight of daughters declined. These results suggest that male epigenetic effects on progeny phenotype act in concert with female reproductive stimulation; both categories of effects increased as a consequence of male celibacy (factor accumulation), and diminished as a function of previous matings (factor depletion). Male factors that influence female reproduction are implicated in sexual conflict and parental effects may extend this conflict to offspring phenotype. Whereas mothers control the timing of oviposition events and can use maternal effects to tailor progeny phenotypes to prevailing or anticipated conditions, fathers cannot. Since females remate and dilute paternity in polyandrous systems, paternal fitness will be increased by linking paternal effects to female fecundity stimulation, so that more benefits accrue to the male's own progeny.
Control options forNeospora caninum– is there anything new or are we going backwards?
Authors: REICHEL MICHAEL P. , McALLISTER MILTON M. , POMROY WILLIAM E. , CAMPERO CARLOS , ORTEGA-MORA LUIS M. , ELLIS JOHN T. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYRecent work has highlighted and enumerated the economic annual losses due toNeospora caninumabortions worldwide, which should provide strong motivation for the control of bovine neosporosis. However, with the recent withdrawal from sale of the only commercially available vaccine, control options forN. caninumhave become more restricted. While researchers continue to work on developing alternative efficacious vaccines, what are the control options presently available for the cattle industries? At the practical level, recommendations for ‘Test-and-cull’, or ‘not breeding from seropositive dams’ stand diametrically opposed to alternative options put forward that suggest a primary producer is better advised to keep those cows in the herd that are already seropositive, i.e. assumed to be chronically infected, and indeed those that have already aborted once. Treatment with a coccidiostat has been recommended as the only economically viable option, yet no such treatment has gained official, regulatory approval. Dogs are central to the life cycle ofN. caninumand have repeatedly been associated with infection and abortions in cattle by epidemiological studies. Knowledge and understanding of that pivotal role should be able to be put to use in control programmes. The present review canvasses the relevant literature for evidence for control options forN. caninum(some of them proven, many not) and assesses them in the light of the authors’ knowledge and experience with control ofN. caninum.
Inside/Beside Dance Studies: A Conversation: Mellon Dance Studies in/and the Humanities
Authors: Clayton Michelle , Franko Mark , George-Graves Nadine , Lepecki André , Manning Susan , Ross Janice , Schneider Rebecca 
Published: March 2014

In 2012, Susan Manning, Rebecca Schneider, and Janice Ross collaborated across their home institutions of Northwestern University, Brown University, and Stanford University, respectively, to found a research initiative interrogating the field of dance studies. This manifold project, Dance Studies in/and the Humanities, receives funding from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation through 2015 and includes a series of public roundtable discussions. This conversation—abridged from the original event—took place during two such roundtables at Brown University in June 2013, and it features substantial contributions from scholars Michelle Clayton, Mark Franko, Nadine George-Graves, André Lepecki, Susan Manning, Janice Ross, and Rebecca Schneider. Speakers address what dance studies may need, want, or do in this current historical moment. Manning articulates her experience being “inside” and “beside” dance studies through teaching in an integrationist/assimilationist model that promotes dance as a subfield in humanities (and occasionally social science) departments. Franko asserts that dance studies formed as a result of an epistemological break in the 1980s and adds that interdisciplinary frameworks can also support this relatively new field.Through embracing the partiality that comes with interdisciplinarity, Clayton encourages participants to investigate generative misunderstandings. Ross provides a comprehensive account of the crisis in the humanities, and Lepecki connects this crisis to the permanent state of war in the U.S. and emphasizes the importance of theory in dance studies. Falling short of Afro-pessimism, George-Graves calls for dance studies to infiltrate the upper echelons of higher education administration, and Schneider articulates post-structuralism's link to the Global South while calling for more scholarly representation from this area of the world. Through exploring possibilities for embodied knowledge, reenacting post-structuralism, and embracing partiality, these scholars address the expanding aperture of dance studies in a global economy. Topics identified for future discussion include decentering the whiteness of dance studies transnationally, exploring how dance studies methodologies are currently utilized in academia, and expanding dance studies beyond the American academy.
Position and force tracking in nonlinear teleoperation systems under varying delays
Authors: Hashemzadeh Farzad , Tavakoli Mahdi 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, a novel control scheme is proposed to guarantee position and force tracking in nonlinear teleoperation systems subject to varying communication delays. Stability and tracking performance of the teleoperation system are proved using a proposed Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. To show its effectiveness, the teleoperation controller is simulated on a pair of planar 2-DOF (degree of freedom) robots and experimented on a pair of 3-DOF PHANToM Premium 1.5A robots connected via a communication channel with time-varying delays. Both the planar robots in simulations and the PHANToM robots in experiments possess nonlinear dynamics.
Water cisterns as death traps for amphibians and reptiles in arid environments
Authors: GARCÍA-CARDENETE LUÍS , PLEGUEZUELOS JUAN M. , BRITO JOSÉ C. , JIMÉNEZ-CAZALLA FRANCISCO , PÉREZ-GARCÍA MARÍA T. , SANTOS XAVIER 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYArid regions are increasingly being anthropogenically altered. In the north-western Sahara, a growing road network facilitates the use of habitats adjacent to roads. In regions where livestock is the traditional and main economic resource, local people are currently building numerous water cisterns for watering livestock, leading to an increase in the extent of pasturing of domestic livestock. Cisterns may attract desert vertebrates and act as death traps for species with already sparse populations in these arid areas. This paper is the first to examine the impact of cisterns as lethal traps for amphibians and reptiles in the Sahara, using a survey of 823 cisterns in south-western Morocco to identify and quantify species affected. Four amphibians and 35 reptiles were trapped in cisterns, some of which were listed as threatened. At least 459 017 individual amphibians and reptiles were trapped annually within the study area. The low productivity and low population densities of terrestrial vertebrates in this arid region suggest cisterns have a substantial impact upon amphibian and reptile species. As cistern construction is increasing, management actions are required to mitigate this impact on the herpetological community.
There is no correlation between sublineages and drug resistance ofMycobacterium tuberculosisBeijing/W lineage clinical isolates in Xinjiang, China
Authors: YUAN L. , HUANG Y. , MI L. G. , LI Y. X. , LIU P. Z. , ZHANG J. , LIANG H. Y. , LI F. , LI H. , ZHANG S. Q. , LI W. J. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe Beijing/W lineage strains are the major prevalent strains in China. The prevalence, mortality and drug-resistant rates of tuberculosis in Xinjiang, Northwestern China are higher than in other parts of the country. Our previous study results showed that the dominant strains ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) were ‘Beijing/W lineage’ MTB in Xinjiang; those strains had no significant correlation with drug resistance. We investigated whether the prevalence of ‘Beijing/W lineage’ sublineage strains was associated with drug resistance. We collected 478 sputum specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Beijing/W strains and their sublineages were identified by distinguishing five specific large sequence polymorphisms, using polymerase chain reaction. All strains were subjected to a drug susceptibility test using the proportion method on Löwenstein–Jensen culture medium. In total, 379 clinical isolates of MTB were isolated and identified, 57·26% of these isolates were identified as Beijing/W strains, of which 11·06% isolates were in sublineage 105, 14·74% isolates in sublineage 207, 69·59% isolates in sublineage 181, and 4·61% isolates in sublineage 150. None of the isolates was in sublineage 142. Our data showed there were four sublineages of Beijing/W isolates in Xinjiang province, China. However, there were no correlations between drug resistance and the sublineages of Beijing/W strains.
The prevalence and risk of human papillomavirus infection in pregnant women
Authors: LIU P. , XU L. , SUN Y. , WANG Z. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYA series of observational studies were evaluated concerning the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in pregnancy; however, the results were controversial. We systematically reviewed and collected data on studies regarding HPV prevalence published up to 30 April 2013, in which HPV was detected in pregnant women or both in pregnant and non-pregnant women. In total, 28 eligible studies were included that provided data on HPV infection concerning 13 640 pregnant women. The overall HPV prevalence in pregnant and age-matched non-pregnant women was 16·82% [95% confidence interval (CI) 16·21–17·47] and 12·25% (95% CI 11·50–13·01), respectively. The prevalence in the in three trimesters was 18·20%, 14·38%, and 19·32%, respectively. HPV-16 was the most frequently observed type, with a prevalence of 3·86% (95% CI 3·40–4·32). The overall HPV prevalence varied by study region, age, and HPV type. The meta-analysis showed a significantly increased risk of HPV infection in pregnant women, with a summary odds ratio (OR) of 1·42 (95% CI 1·25–1·61), especially for those aged <25 years (OR 1·79, 95% CI 1·22–2·63). The results suggest that pregnant women, especially those aged <25 years, are more susceptible to HPV infection.
Widespread endotheliopathy in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease
Authors: Cordina Rachael L. , Nakhla Shirley , O’Meagher Shamus , Leaney John , Graham Stuart , Celermajer David S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroduction: Cyanotic congenital heart disease is associated with functional limitation and vascular events. The nature and extent of endothelial dysfunction in cyanotic adults is poorly understood. We sought to characterise endothelial function in this setting. Methods: A total of fourteen adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease (40±3 years) together with age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent assessment of nitric oxide-dependent vascular responses, including flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery and dynamic vessel analysis of the retina in response to flickering light. Plasma levels of the endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 and the nitric oxide antagonist, asymmetric dimethylarginine, were measured. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells were assessed by flow cytometry. Results: Flow-mediated dilatation was significantly lower in cyanosed adults than controls (4.0±0.8 versus 7.2±1.0%, p=0.019, n=11 per group). Retinal arterial and venous dilatory responses were also impaired (2.9±0.8 versus 5.0±0.6%, p=0.05 and 3.4±0.3 versus 5.2±0.7%, p=0.04, n=13). Serum levels of endothelin-1 and asymmetric dimethylarginine were higher in cyanosed adults (3.0±0.6 versus 1.1±0.1 pg/ml, p=0.004 and 0.68±0.05 versus 0.52±0.02 μmol/L, p=0.03, n=11). Endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+CD45dimCD133+KDR+) were reduced in those with chronic cyanosis (17±4 versus 40±6 per million white blood cells, p=0.005, n=11). Conclusions: Endothelial function is impaired in the systemic arteries and retinal vessels in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease, suggesting a widespread endotheliopathy. Diminished numbers of endothelial progenitor cells might potentially contribute to these observations.
Molecular-level and trait-level differentiation between the cultivated apple (Malus× domesticaBorkh.) and its main progenitorMalussieversii
Authors: Kumar Satish , Raulier Pierre , Chagné David , Whitworth Claire 
Published: March 2014

The present study is the first to compare the trait-level differentiation (Qst) and the molecular-level differentiation (Fst) betweenMalus× domesticaandMalus sieversii. A set of 115 accessions representingM.× domestica(99) andM. sieversii(16) were genotyped using the International RosBREED SNP Consortium apple 8K SNP array and phenotyped for eight fruit quality traits in a clonally replicated experiment. A set of 3521 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with an average call rate of 98% was retained following SNP data quality filters. About 86% of the total SNPs were polymorphic inM. sieversii, while all but three SNPs were polymorphic inM. × domestica. The patterns of linkage disequilibrium were different, especially at the longer distances, between the two species. No differentiation (Fst= 0) was observed for nearly 23% of the SNPs, but about 20% of the SNPs exhibited a high genetic differentiation (Fst≥ 0.15). A highly significant (P< 0.001) genome-levelFst= 0.12 was observed betweenM. × domesticaandM. sieversii. The average estimatedQstvalue was 0.20 (range 0.08–0.40), and for three of the eight studied traits (crispness, flavour intensity and fruit weight),Qstvalue was more than twice the estimated genome-levelFstvalue. A higherQstvalue thanFstvalue for four of the eight fruit quality traits indicated differential (or directional) selection for these traits inM. × domestica. The average posterior probability of assignment ofM. × domesticaaccessions to theM. sieversiigene pool was 11%, supporting the hypothesis ofM. sieversiibeing one of the progenitors of the domesticated apple.
Political Tolerance among Muslim Minorities in Western Europe: The Role of Denomination and Religious and Host National Identification
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Maliepaard Mieke , Martinovic Borja , Khoudja Yassine 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIslam has emerged as the focus of immigration and diversity debates in Europe, especially in relation to the incorporation of Islam within political democracy. Using the least-liked group approach, the present study investigates political tolerance among Sunni and Alevi Muslims of Turkish origin living in Germany and the Netherlands. A relatively low level of political tolerance was found with higher intolerance of Alevis compared to Sunnis which was due to Alevis' strong rejection of religious fundamentalists. For both Muslim subgroups and in both countries, stronger religious group identification was associated with higher tolerance. Political tolerance was also found to be lower in Germany than in the Netherlands and in the latter country tolerance was positively associated with host national identification. The findings show that Islamic belief, Muslim group identification and the host national context are important for political tolerance.
Generalised power graph compression reveals dominant relationship patterns in complex networks
Authors: Ahnert Sebastian E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe introduce a framework for the discovery of dominant relationship patterns in complex networks, by compressing the networks into power graphs with overlapping power nodes. When paired with enrichment analysis of node classification terms, the most compressible sets of edges provide a highly informative sketch of the dominant relationship patterns that define the network. In addition, this procedure also gives rise to a novel, link-based definition of overlapping node communities in which nodes are defined by their relationships with sets of other nodes, rather than through connections within the community. We show that this completely general approach can be applied to undirected, directed and bipartite networks, yielding valuable insights into the large-scale structure of real-world networks, including social networks and food webs. Our approach therefore provides a novel way in which network architecture can be studied, defined and classified.
The autism and schizophrenia associated gene CYFIP1 is critical for the maintenance of dendritic complexity and the stabilization of mature spines
Authors: Pathania M , Davenport E C , Muir J , Sheehan D F , López-Doménech G , Kittler J T 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCopy number variation (CNV) at the 15q11.2 region has been identified as a significant risk locus for neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the individual roles for genes at this locus in nervous system development, function and connectivity remain poorly understood. Haploinsufficiency of one gene in this region,Cyfip1, may provide a model for 15q11.2 CNV-associated neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Here we show that altering CYFIP1 expression levels in neurons bothin vitroandin vivoinfluences dendritic complexity, spine morphology, spine actin dynamics and synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor lateral diffusion. CYFIP1 is highly enriched at synapses and its overexpressionin vitroleads to increased dendritic complexity. Neurons derived fromCyfip1heterozygous animals on the other hand, possess reduced dendritic complexity, increased mobile F-actin and enhanced GluA2-containing AMPA receptor mobility at synapses. Interestingly,Cyfip1overexpression or haploinsufficiency increased immature spine number, whereas activity-dependent changes in spine volume were occluded inCyfip1haploinsufficient neurons.In vivo,Cyfip1heterozygous animals exhibited deficits in dendritic complexity as well as an altered ratio of immature-to-mature spines in hippocampal CA1 neurons. In summary, we provide evidence that dysregulation of CYFIP1 expression levels leads to pathological changes in CNS maturation and neuronal connectivity, both of which may contribute to the development of the neurological symptoms seen in ASD and SCZ.
Single‐chip InGaN green light‐emitting diodes with 3 W optical output power
Authors: Wang Wei , Cai Yong , Huang Juan Hong , Huang Wei , Li Haiou , Lin Xin , Zhou Ximing , Zhang Baosun 
Published: March 2014

The characteristics of a high‐power single‐chip green light‐emitting diode (LED) operating with a >40 W input power are reported. The single‐chip large area LED chip, which consists of 24 stages, was fabricated by using commercial wafers with chip dimensions of 6.5 × 5 mm2. The electrical and optical characteristics of the LED were measured up to a 500 mA injection current under direct operation conditions. Optical output power and forward voltage at 500 mA were obtained to be 3 W and 83 V, respectively, which demonstrates an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.4% with a 41.5 W input power.
X7R dielectric multilayer ceramic capacitors show good micro‐actuating properties with little hysteresis
Authors: Chen Jian , Feng Zhihua 
Published: March 2014

The possibility of a kind of industrial‐grade X7R type multilayer ceramic capacitor used as an actuator is studied. By applying a DC bias voltage, the ceramic capacitors exhibit a large converse piezoelectric effect which can be used for actuating applications. The experiments show that the capacitor's thickness changes rather linearly with a voltage applied on it. Three multilayer ceramic capacitors were selected to be studied. A hysteresis <1.8% and a nonlinearity <2.0% between the displacement and the driving voltage were observed for a 10 μF capacitor over a frequency range of 0.1–20 Hz and a temperature range of 15–35°C.