bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Six-year clinical study of firework-related eye injuries in North China
Authors: Kong Yichun , Tang Xin , Kong Baohuan , Jiang Hao , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To analyse the demographic data, clinical characteristics, management and prognosis of patients with firework-related eye injuries.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed of patients with eye injuries related to fireworks referred to TianJin Eye Hospital in North China from 2008 to 2013. Demographic information, clinical features, management and visual outcome were analysed and prognosis factors were evaluated.

Results
Ninety-nine patients (86 men) with 118 eye injuries were enrolled in the study. The average age of the patients was 32.0±20.5 years; 70/99 (70.7%) were aged &gt;20 years. Eighty-one of the patients had been lighting the fireworks while the rest were bystanders. The main ophthalmic manifestations were hyphaema, vitreous haemorrhage, corneal/sclera/corneoscleral open globe injury, eyelid laceration, traumatic cataract, retinal/choroid detachment, endophthalmitis and intraocular foreign body (IOFB). Ninety patients required surgical intervention including repair of open globe injury, vitrectomy, cataract extraction and enucleation. 56/118 eyes (47.5%) received multiple operations. After treatment, final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) significantly improved (p=0.015). Some factors were significantly correlated with better final BCVA, including initial BCVA (p=0.036), closed globe injury (p=0.031), absence of endophthalmitis (p=0.014), absence of IOFB (p=0.024) and absence of retinal detachment (p=0.046).

Conclusions
Firework-related eye injuries mainly occur in adult men and result in severe visual damage. The most common clinical manifestations are hyphaema and vitreous haemorrhage. Better initial BCVA and closed globe injury have a better visual result while endophthalmitis, IOFB and retinal detachment have a negative visual outcome. Improved eye protection, along with enhanced public education and legal ban on fireworks, could reduce the incidence of eye injuries.
Appreciating geology and the physical landscape in Scotland: from tourism of awe to experiential re-engagement
Authors: Gordon John E. , Baker Matt 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter explores people's experience of the physical landscape in Scotland from the perspective of parallel developments in geological science, landscape aesthetics and tourism since the middle of the eighteenth century. It begins with tourism of awe, inspired by the Romantic movement and the excitement of discovering natural wonders promoted through contemporary literature and art during the development of modern geological science in the late eighteenth–early nineteenth centuries. Popular interest and engagement in geology declined with increasing scientific specialization, although the physical landscape continued to draw many visitors and provide creative inspiration for poets and artists. In the 1940s, the beginnings of statutory geoconservation were accompanied by renewed interest in raising public awareness of geology and the physical landscape mainly through didactic methods. More recently, exploration of the cultural links between geology and landscape is providing new opportunities for experiential re-engagement, a shift that recognizes the close links between people and the physical landscape, and one promoted through voluntary sector activity in geoconservation and the development of Geoparks. Rediscovering a sense of wonder and reconnecting with the landscape offer a means of reconciling the natural and cultural worlds and enabling wider public appreciation of geodiversity.
An Epidemiologic Review of Marijuana and Cancer: An Update
Authors: Huang Yu-Hui Jenny , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Tashkin Donald P. , Feng Bingjian , Straif Kurt , Hashibe Mia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMarijuana use is legal in two states and additional states are considering legalization. Approximately 18 million Americans are current marijuana users. There is currently no consensus on whether marijuana use is associated with cancer risk. Our objective is to review the epidemiologic studies on this possible association. We identified 34 epidemiologic studies on upper aerodigestive tract cancers (n = 11), lung cancer (n = 6), testicular cancer (n = 3), childhood cancers (n = 6), all cancers (n = 1), anal cancer (n = 1), penile cancer (n = 1), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 2), malignant primary gliomas (n = 1), bladder cancer (n = 1), and Kaposi sarcoma (n = 1). Studies on head and neck cancer reported increased and decreased risks, possibly because there is no association, or because risks differ by human papillomavirus status or geographic differences. The lung cancer studies largely appear not to support an association with marijuana use, possibly because of the smaller amounts of marijuana regularly smoked compared with tobacco. Three testicular cancer case–control studies reported increased risks with marijuana use [summary ORs, 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–2.23 for higher frequency and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.08–2.09) for ≥10 years]. For other cancer sites, there is still insufficient data to make any conclusions. Considering that marijuana use may change due to legalization, well-designed studies on marijuana use and cancer are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 15–31. ©2015 AACR.
A Mechanism for Asymmetric Cell Division Resulting in Proliferative Asynchronicity
Authors: Dey-Guha Ipsita , Alves Cleidson P. , Yeh Albert C. , Salony  , Sole Xavier , Darp Revati , Ramaswamy Sridhar 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
All cancers contain an admixture of rapidly and slowly proliferating cancer cells. This proliferative heterogeneity complicates the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer because slow proliferators are hard to eradicate, can be difficult to detect, and may cause disease relapse sometimes years after apparently curative treatment. While clonal selection theory explains the presence and evolution of rapid proliferators within cancer cell populations, the circumstances and molecular details of how slow proliferators are produced is not well understood. Here, a β1-integrin/FAK/mTORC2/AKT1–associated signaling pathway is discovered that can be triggered for rapidly proliferating cancer cells to undergo asymmetric cell division and produce slowly proliferating AKT1low daughter cells. In addition, evidence indicates that the proliferative output of this signaling cascade involves a proteasome-dependent degradation process mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TTC3. These findings reveal that proliferative heterogeneity within cancer cell populations, in part, is produced through a targetable signaling mechanism, with potential implications for understanding cancer progression, dormancy, and therapeutic resistance.
Implications: These findings provide a deeper understanding of the proliferative heterogeneity that exists in the tumor environment and highlight the importance of designing future therapies against multiple proliferative contexts.
Visual Overview. A proposed mechanism for producing slowly proliferating cancer cells. http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2015/01/09/1541-7786.MCR-14-0474/F1.large.jpg.
Mol Cancer Res; 13(2); 223–30. ©2015 AACR.
Rotylenchus dalikhaniensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae), a monosexual species recovered from the rhizosphere of Ruscus hyrcanus Woronow in Mazandaran province, northern Iran
Authors: Aliramaji Farzad , Pourjam Ebrahim , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Pedram Majid , Atighi Mohammad Reza 
Published: January 2015

A new monosexual species ofRotylenchusis described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular studies from northern Iran.Rotylenchus dalikhaniensisn. sp. is characterised by having a continuous, conoid lip region with four, rarely three, annuli, lateral fields regularly areolated in pharyngeal region and irregularly throughout the body except in tail region, rarely with anastomoses at mid-body, body without longitudinal striations, stylet 34-36 μm long, vulva located at 59-64%, tail with 16-19 annuli and ventral projection, and having no males in population. The differences of the new species with five known species, namelyR. breviglans,R. alii,R. pakistanensis,R. echelimaeandR. provincialis, are discussed. Phylogenetic analyses using 681 bp partial sequences of D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S and 383 bp ITS1-rRNA genes revealed that the new species formed a clade with some species ofHelicotylenchusandRotylenchus, respectively.
Contributions to the herpetofauna of the Albertine Rift: Two new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from an isolated montane forest, south eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: TILBURY COLIN R. , TOLLEY KRYSTAL A. 
Published: January 2015

Two new species of chameleons from the genera Rhampholeon and Kinyongia are described from an isolated montane forest remnant situated toward the southern end of the Albertine Rift bordering Lake Tanganyika. The closest known localities of species from these genera are 200km and 400km to the north respectively, separated by large intervening tracts of lowland savannah and Brachystegia (Miombo) woodland - habitats not normally inhabited by species of these genera. Rhampholeon hattinghi sp. nov. and Kinyongia mulyai sp. nov. bear superficial resemblances to previously described species (Rh. boulengeri Steindachner and K. adolfifriderici (Sternfeld)). Rhampholeon hattinghi sp. nov. has a relatively smooth supra-orbital ridge, deep axillary but absent inguinal mite pockets, prominent white spots on the base of the tail and a uniquely derived hemipenal morphology with billowing parasulcal evaginations. Like K. adolfifriderici, Kinyongia mulyai sp. nov. is devoid of a rostral appendage but differs in having a longer and narrower head, a higher upper labial scale count and by the absence of a dorsal crest in the male. To place these new chameleons within the context of their respective genera, Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses were carried out utilising two mitochondrial (ND2 and 16S) and one nuclear marker (RAG1). Both chameleons were found to have morphological features that distinguish them from other congeners. Based on phylogenetic analysis they are clearly separate evolutionary lineages and are described as new species.
Clouds, Precipitation, and Marine Boundary Layer Structure during the MAGIC Field Campaign
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Kollias Pavlos , Lewis Ernie R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The recent ship-based Marine ARM GCSS Pacific Cross-Section Intercomparison (GPCI) Investigation of Clouds (MAGIC) field campaign with the marine-capable Second ARM Mobile Facility (AMF2) deployed on the Horizon Lines cargo container M/V Spirit provided nearly 200 days of intraseasonal high-resolution observations of clouds, precipitation, and marine boundary layer (MBL) structure on multiple legs between Los Angeles, California, and Honolulu, Hawaii. During the deployment, MBL clouds exhibited a much higher frequency of occurrence than other cloud types and occurred more often in the warm season than in the cold season. MBL clouds demonstrated a propensity to produce precipitation, which often evaporated before reaching the ocean surface. The formation of stratocumulus is strongly correlated to a shallow MBL with a strong inversion and a weak transition, while cumulus formation is associated with a much weaker inversion and stronger transition. The estimated inversion strength is shown to depend seasonally on the potential temperature at 700 hPa. The location of the commencement of systematic MBL decoupling always occurred eastward of the locations of cloud breakup, and the systematic decoupling showed a strong moisture stratification. The entrainment of the dry warm air above the inversion appears to be the dominant factor triggering the systematic decoupling, while surface latent heat flux, precipitation, and diurnal circulation did not play major roles. MBL clouds broke up over a short spatial region due to the changes in the synoptic conditions, implying that in real atmospheric conditions the MBL clouds do not have enough time to evolve as in the idealized models.
Sports Participation 2 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Athletes Who Had Not Returned to Sport at 1 Year
Authors: Ardern Clare L. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Feller Julian A. , Whitehead Timothy S. , Webster Kate E. 
Published: January 2015

Background: A return to their preinjury level of sport is frequently expected within 1 year after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, yet up to two-thirds of athletes may not have achieved this milestone. The subsequent sports participation outcomes of athletes who have not returned to their preinjury level sport by 1 year after surgery have not previously been investigated. Purpose: To investigate return-to-sport rates at 2 years after surgery in athletes who had not returned to their preinjury level sport at 1 year after ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A consecutive cohort of competitive- and recreational-level athletes was recruited prospectively before undergoing ACL reconstruction at a private orthopaedic clinic. Participants were followed up at 1 and 2 years after surgery with a sports activity questionnaire that collected information regarding returning to sport, sports participation, and psychological responses. An independent physical therapist evaluated physical function at 1 year using hop tests and the International Knee Documentation Committee knee examination form and subjective knee evaluation. Results: A group of 122 competitive- and recreational-level athletes who had not returned to their preinjury level sport at 1 year after ACL reconstruction participated. Ninety-one percent of the athletes returned to some form of sport after surgery. At 2 years after surgery, 66% were playing sport, with 41% playing their preinjury level of sport and 25% playing a lower level of sport. Having a previous ACL reconstruction to either knee, poorer hop-test symmetry and subjective knee function, and more negative psychological responses were associated with not playing the preinjury level sport at 2 years. Conclusion: Most athletes who were not playing sport at 1 year had returned to some form of sport within 2 years after ACL reconstruction, which may suggest that athletes can take longer than the clinically expected time of 1 year to return to sport. However, only 2 of every 5 athletes were playing their preinjury level of sport at 2 years after surgery. When the results of the current study were combined with the results of athletes who had returned to sport at 1 year, the overall rate of return to the preinjury level sport at 2 years was 60%. Demographics, physical function, and psychological factors were related to playing the preinjury level sport at 2 years after surgery, supporting the notion that returning to sport after surgery is multifactorial.
Arthroscopic Distal Clavicle Resection in Symptomatic Acromioclavicular Joint Arthritis Combined With Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Park Yong Bok , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Shon Min Soo , Park Young Eun , Yoo Jae Chul 
Published: January 2015

Background: The treatment of symptomatic acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injury in the rotator cuff (RC) tear has not been well clarified. Purpose: To compare the clinical results between patients who had distal clavicle resection (DCR) and those who did not during RC repair. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: From August 2008 to December 2009, a total of 56 consecutive patients (58 shoulders) were included. All patients had either a full-thickness or high-grade (>50%) RC tear, ACJ tenderness, arthritic change visible on plain radiographs, and a positive ACJ lidocaine injection test the day before surgery. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: DCR and RC repair (DCR+RCR group) and RC repair only (isolated RCR). Evaluation was performed preoperatively, at 6 months postoperatively, and at a final follow-up a minimum of 24 months postoperatively using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Constant shoulder score, range of motion examination, and pain visual analog scale (VAS). Results: After simple randomization, 26 shoulders were allocated in the DCR+RCR group, and 32 were placed in the isolated RCR group. Five shoulders in the DCR+RCR group and 6 in the isolated RCR group were excluded from analysis due to loss of follow-up. Therefore, the evaluation was performed for 21 shoulders in the DCR+RCR group and 26 shoulders in the isolated RCR group. The mean follow-up period was 44.2 months in the DCR+RCR group and 44.0 months in the isolated RCR group. There were no differences in age, sex, symptom duration, RC tear size, or preoperative ASES, Constant, and VAS scores between the 2 groups ( P > .05). At final follow-up, the ASES, Constant, and VAS scores were significantly improved in both groups ( P < .001). There were no differences in ASES, Constant, and VAS scores between the 2 groups at final follow-up ( P > .05), and there was no difference in residual ACJ tenderness (7 in the DCR+RCR group and 5 in the isolated RCR group) between the 2 groups ( P = .270). Conclusion: There was no difference in the clinical evaluations between the combined arthroscopic DCR and RCR group and the isolated RCR group at a minimum 24-month follow-up. Arthroscopic DCR should be carefully considered in patients who have symptomatic ACJ arthritis with RC tears.
Remote cognitive assessments for patients with multiple sclerosis: a feasibility study
Authors: Settle Jill R , Robinson Stephanie A , Kane Robert , Maloni Heidi W , Wallin Mitchell T 
Published: January 2015

Background: measuring cognitive function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) can be challenging given the obstacles faced when traveling to testing centers. Objective: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of remote cognitive assessment in patients with MS using the automated neuropsychological assessment metrics (ANAM–MS) and the symbol digit modalities test (SDMT). Methods: patients meeting the McDonald criteria for MS ( n = 24) were randomized to complete the live-in-office condition or a remote-in-office condition first, with all patients completing both sessions. Patients ( n = 20) then completed a final remote-in-home testing session. Both remote sessions were proctored by a psychologist using a secure telehealth connection. Results: scores on the live SDMT differed from scores in the two remote settings F(2, 38) = 4.46, p = 0.018. However, summary scores on the ANAM–MS were similar across the three settings, F(2, 36) = 2.21, p = 0.124. Satisfaction with telehealth testing was high on the part of the examiner and patients. Each telehealth testing session saved more than $144.00 in travel costs and lost wages. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that valid results can be obtained when evaluating patients remotely using ANAM–MS. Some differences were noted for the SDMT that suggest that either specific norms or a different implementation approach may be needed for telehealth.
Impact of parental multiple sclerosis on early childhood development: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Razaz Neda , Tremlett Helen , Boyce W. Thomas , Guhn Martin , Joseph KS , Marrie Ruth Ann 
Published: January 2015

Background: Exposure to parental chronic illness is associated with several adverse developmental outcomes. Objectives: We examined the association between parental multiple sclerosis (MS) and childhood developmental outcomes. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study in Manitoba, Canada, using linked databases. The outcome was childhood development at 5 years of age, expressed as vulnerability (absent vs. present) on the Early Development Instrument (EDI). Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Children with an MS parent ( n=153) were similar to children of unaffected parents ( n=876) on all EDI domains. However, mental health morbidity was more common among MS parents compared with non-MS parents 49.5% vs. 35.3%. Among MS parents, mental health morbidity was associated with children’s vulnerability on the social competence (OR, 5.73 [95% CI:1.11–29.58]) and emotional maturity (OR, 3.03 [95% CI:1.03–8.94]) domains. The duration of child’s exposure to parental MS was associated with vulnerability on the physical health domain (OR, 1.49 [95%CI:1.03–2.15]). Conclusion: Parental MS was not associated with adverse early childhood developmental outcomes. However, children of parents with mental health morbidity, and those with longer duration of exposure to parental MS, were at higher risk for early childhood developmental vulnerability.
Latitude and HLA-DRB1 alleles independently affect the emergence of cerebrospinal fluid IgG abnormality in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Niino Masaaki , Sato Shinya , Fukazawa Toshiyuki , Yoshimura Satoshi , Hisahara Shin , Matsushita Takuya , Isobe Noriko , Yoshida Kazuto , Houzen Hideki , Miyazaki Yusei , Shimohama Shun , Kikuchi Seiji , Kira Jun-ichi 
Published: January 2015

Background: It is unclear whether the prevalence of oligoclonal IgG bands (OCBs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is different between northern and southern regions of Asia. Objective: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of OCBs and positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings between northern and southern regions of Japan and to investigate the association of these CSF findings with HLA-DRB1 alleles. Methods: The study included 180 MS patients from Hokkaido (northern Japan) and 184 patients from Kyushu (southern Japan). The IgG index was defined as increased if it was >0.658. Presence of CSF OCBs and/or increased IgG index was defined as positive CSF findings. Results: Positive CSF findings and OCB positivity were significantly higher in MS patients from Hokkaido than in those from Kyushu ( p < 0.0001 for both). Logistic regression analysis revealed that after adjusting for covariates that can be related to abnormal CSF IgG production, the geographic region (Hokkaido) showed odds ratios (ORs) of 4.08 and 2.57, whereas the HLA-DRB1*04:05 allele showed ORs of 0.36 and 0.30 for positive CSF findings and OCB positivity, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that latitude and HLA-DRB1 alleles independently affect the emergence of CSF IgG abnormalities in Japanese patients with MS.
MS in prose, poems and drama
Authors: Riem Philine , Karenberg Axel 
Published: January 2015

Background and objective: Presentations of MS in fictional literature have not been previously researched. This paper surveys and analyses these portrayals of the disease for the first time. Material and methods: Relevant works in English and German were identified by means of keyword searches in online public access catalogues and search engines as well as old-fashioned research. The neurological and literary evaluation of these 7000 pages of text combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: Between 1954 and 2012 at least 55 literary works appeared with an MS motif (35 novels, 18 poems, one novella and one drama). The authors were predominantly female and a third of them suffered from the disease. Patients in the novels largely reflect real epidemiology as regards symptoms and disease progression, while diagnostic and therapeutic options play a secondary role. From a literary point of view, ‘entwicklungsromane’, ‘relationship novels’ and ‘young adult books’ can be discerned. MS is often portrayed in metaphoric language as the enemy: a demon, an animalistic being, prison or an abyss. Conclusion: The MS motif evidences a medicalization of the literature as well as a literary portrayal of anthropological experiences. Well-written novels can contribute to the de-stigmatization of MS and impart basic medical knowledge.