bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnesium sulfate and nifedipine on the risk of developing pulmonary edema in preterm births
Authors: Xiao ChengWei , Gangal Mihnea , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the risk of developing pulmonary edema in women exposed to nifedipine, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), or both in a preterm setting.

Study design: We carried out a retrospective case-control study at a large tertiary care center from 2007 to 2012. Cases of pulmonary edema were age, and gestational age matched to controls at a ratio of 1 case to 4 controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the effect of nifedipine and/or MgSO4 on the development of pulmonary edema while controlling for predetermined confounding variables. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate additional risk factors of pulmonary edema.

Results: A total of 150 charts were reviewed (28 cases and 122 controls). Nifedipine did not increase the odds of developing pulmonary edema [adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.22 (confidence interval (CI) 0.50, 3.01), P=0.67], whereas exposure to MgSO4, or both MgSO4 and nifedipine, significantly increased the risk of developing pulmonary edema [adjusted OR=3.91 (CI 1.44, 10.65), P=0.008 and adjusted OR=4.75 (CI 1.15, 19.71), P=0.032, respectively]. In the stratified analysis, this association persisted even in nonpreeclamptic women [nifedipine: adjusted OR=0.91 (CI 0.33, 2.52), P=0.852; MgSO4: adjusted OR=3.51 (CI 1.26, 9.76), P=0.016; both: adjusted OR=3.39 (0.76, 15.07), P=0.108]. Other independent risk factors for pulmonary edema were multi-fetal pregnancy, azithromycin, and erythromycin administration.

Conclusion: MgSO4 treatment is strongly associated with the development of pulmonary edema when used either as a tocolytic agent or for seizure prophylaxis. In light of the availability of safer alternatives, MgSO4 should be used for tocolysis only in cases whereby the benefits clearly outweigh the risks.
Optical and electrical mappings of surface plasmon cavity modes
Authors: Ye Fan , Merlo Juan M. , Burns Michael J. , Naughton Michael J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPlasmonics is a rapidly expanding field, founded in physics but now with a growing number of applications in biology (biosensing), nanophotonics, photovoltaics, optical engineering and advanced information technology. Appearing as charge density oscillations along a metal surface, excited by electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light), plasmons can propagate as surface plasmon polaritons, or can be confined as standing waves along an appropriately-prepared surface. Here, we review the latter manifestation, both their origins and the manners in which they are detected, the latter dominated by near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM/SNOM). We include discussion of the “plasmonic halo” effect recently observed by the authors, wherein cavity-confined plasmons are able to modulate optical transmission through step-gap nanostructures, yielding a novel form of color (wavelength) selection.
Hydrophobic property of hierarchical polymer surfaces fabricated by precision tooling machine
Authors: Chu Donghui , Nemoto Akihiro , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Poly(methylmethacrylate) surfaces were patterned with micropillars and micro-micro hierarchical structures. Patterning was achieved by applying direct fabrication on polymer surfaces. The micro-manufacturing method has many advantages of precise control of dimensions, low cost, and short process time compared to other micro-manufacturing techniques of polymers. Fabricated structures were controlled accurately to <10% of the error range. Patterned micro-micro hierarchical polymer structures indicated a contact angle >130° without additional coatings. Furthermore, fabricated structures show good durability in terms of contamination and mechanical robustness for 2 months.
Fine particles characterization in residential homes located in different microenvironment of India
Authors: Taneja Ajay 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Aerosol Spectrometer was used for monitoring the indoor and outdoor mass concentration of fine PM2.5, PM1.0, PM0.5 and PM0.25 in homes, located in urban, roadside and rural area of Agra city located in the north central part of India. For chemical characterization samples are collected with medium volume sampler on PTFE filters. The collected filters were extracted in an ultrasonic extractor for the determination of water soluble ions. Concentrations for F–, Cl–, NO3
–, and SO4
2
– were determined by ion chromatography. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Ba+, and Mg2+ determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The trends of particulate mass concentration indoors were rural>roadside>urban and for outdoors were roadside>rural>urban. PM2.5 concentration in our results exceeded WHO guidelines by 8–10 times for outdoor and by 7–9 times for the indoor environment during the collection period. Water soluble species ranged from 60% to 92% (Avg 72%, SD 13%) for PM2.5 total mass. The total sum of ionic concentrations in PM2.5 follow the same trend as that by mass concentration. The average I/O ratios are found to be higher in PM2.5 particles at rural and roadside sites indicating additional sources indoors at these sites.
Crystallization Behavior of Carbamazepine
Authors: Tröbs Lisa , Nguyen Thi Yen , Rump Doreen , Emmerling Franziska 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is known for its variety of anhydrous and hydrous
polymorphs. Herein, a thorough analysis of the crystallization
behavior of CBZ is presented. The influence of the solvent and the
concentration on the crystallization behavior under different
environmental conditions is investigated by combined in situ XRD and
Raman spectroscopy measurements. Crystallization studies conducted
via conventional crystallization in glass tubes and in
levitated droplets using an acoustic levitator indicate a dependence
of the crystallization process from solvent and surface.
Double Cation Formation from the Photo-Fragmentation of the closo-Carboranes
Authors: Liu Jing , Rühl Eckart , Hitchcock Adam P. , McIlroy David N. , Bozek John D. , Tyliszczak Tolek , Knop-Gericke Axel , Boag Neil M. , Dowben Peter A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Time-of-flight mass analysis with multi-stop coincidence detection has
been used to study the multi-cation ionic fragmentation via
fission of three isomeric carborane icosahedral cage compounds
closo-1,2-orthocarborane, closo-1,7-metacarborane,
closo-1,12-paracarborane (C2B10H12) following
inner-shell excitation at or above the B 1s
regime. Photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO)
spectroscopy was used to study the dominant fission routes in the core
level excitation regime. Series of ion pairs are identified, where
asymmetric fission dominates, leading to ion pairs of different
mass. The fragmentation yields and charge separation mass spectra of
all three isomers are generally quite similar in that the ion pairs
(H+, Y+), (Y+, Y11
+), and (Y3
+,
Y9
+) dominate, where Y+ denotes the mass region from
B+ to CH+. Slight differences are observed at the B
1s-threshold, where the H+ and BH2
+/CH+ ion pairs
dominate for ortho- and meta-carborane, while (Y+, Y11
+)
ion pairs dominate the multi-photofragment ion yield of
paracarborane. These similarities and distinct differences in charge
separation are discussed by considering the energetics of these three
major species of ion pairs, as well as charge distributions in
closo-carboranes and charge distributions in the
carborane cage. It is shown that product formation via charge
separation is driven by electronic relaxation, so that the lowest energy products are not
necessarily formed.
InSb Czochralski Growth Single Crystals for InGaSb Substrates
Authors: Flores Mena J. E. , Ojeda R. Castillo , Reyes J. Díaz 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe massive crystal growth of single crystal semiconductors materials has been of fundamental importance for the actual electronic devices industry. As a consequence of this one, we can obtain easily a large variety of low cost devices almost as made ones of silicon. Nowadays, the III-V semiconductors compounds and their alloys have been proved to be very important because of their optical properties and applications. It is the case of the elements In, Ga, As, Sb, which can be utilized for the fabrication of radiation sensors. In this work we present the results obtained from the ingots grown by the Czochralski method, using a growth system made in home. These results include anisotropic chemical attacks in order to reveal the crystallographic orientation and the possible polycrystallinity. Isotropic chemical attacks were made to evaluate the etch pit density. Metallographic pictures of the chemical attacks are presented in this work. Among the results of these measurements, the best samples presented in this work showed mobilities of 62.000 cm2/V*s at room temperature and 99.000 cm2/V*s at liquid nitrogen temperature. Typical pit density was 10,000/cm2. The Raman spectra present two dominant peaks associated at Transversal Optical (TO)- and Longitudinal Optical (LO)-InSb, the first vibrational mode is dominant due to the crystalline direction of the ingots and second one is associated to high defects density.
Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition on quality of recovery from isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses
Authors: Wiese Ashley J. , Brosnan Robert J. , Barter Linda S. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To compare effects of 2 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on recovery quality of horses anesthetized with isoflurane.
Animals—6 horses in phase 1, 7 horses in phase 2A, and 14 horses in phase 2B.
Procedures—The study comprised 3 phases (2 randomized, blinded crossover phases in horses undergoing orthopedic procedures and 1 prospective dose-determining phase). In phase 1, horses were anesthetized with isoflurane and received neostigmine or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution prior to anesthetic recovery. Phase 2A was a physostigmine dose-determining phase. In phase 2B, horses were anesthetized with isoflurane and received neostigmine or physostigmine prior to recovery. Objective recovery events were recorded and subjective visual analogue scale scores of recovery quality were assigned from video recordings.
Results—Recovery measures in phase 1 were not different between horses receiving neostigmine or saline solution. In phase 2A, 0.04 mg of physostigmine/kg was the highest cumulative dose that did not cause clinically relevant adverse behavioral or gastrointestinal effects. Horses receiving physostigmine had higher mean ± SD visual analogue scale recovery scores (70.8 ± 13.3 mm) than did horses receiving neostigmine (62.4 ± 12.8 mm) in phase 2B, with fewer attempts until sternal and standing recovery. Incidence of colic behavior did not differ among groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inhibition with physostigmine improved anesthetic recovery quality in horses anesthetized with isoflurane, compared with recovery quality for horses receiving neostigmine. Inhibition of central muscarinic receptors by inhalation anesthetics may underlie emergence delirium in horses recovering from anesthesia.
Comparison of the cardiorespiratory effects of a combination of ketamine and propofol, propofol alone, or a combination of ketamine and diazepam before and after induction of anesthesia in dogs sedated with acepromazine and oxymorphone
Authors: Henao-Guerrero Natalia , Riccó Carolina H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of IV administration of propofol (4 mg/kg), ketamine hydrochloride and propofol (2 mg/kg each; K-P), or ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg) and diazepam (0.2 mg/kg; K-D) before and after induction of anesthesia (IoA) in dogs sedated with acepromazine maleate and oxymorphone hydrochloride.
Animals—10 healthy adult Beagles.
Procedures—Each dog was randomly allocated to receive 2 of 3 treatments (1-week interval). For instrumentation prior to each treatment, each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane. After full recovery, acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and oxymorphone (0.05 mg/kg) were administered IV. Fifteen minutes later (before IoA), each dog received treatment IV with propofol, K-P, or K-D. Cardiorespiratory and arterial blood gas variables were assessed before, immediately after, and 5 minutes after IoA.
Results—Compared with findings before IoA, dogs receiving the K-P or K-D treatment had increased cardiac output, oxygen delivery, and heart rate 5 minutes after IoA; K-P administration did not change mean arterial blood pressure or stroke volume and decreased systemic vascular resistance. Propofol decreased mean arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance immediately after IoA but did not change heart rate, cardiac output, or oxygen delivery. All treatments caused some degree of apnea, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia (Pao2 < 80 mm Hg).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, K-P treatment maintained mean arterial blood pressure better than propofol alone and increased heart rate, cardiac output, or oxygen delivery, as did the K-D treatment. Supplemental 100% oxygen should be provided during IoA with all 3 treatments.
Detection of misfolded prion protein in retina samples of sheep and cattle by use of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Smith Jodi D. , Greenlee Justin J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the usefulness of retina samples for detection of disease-associated prion protein by use of a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) intended for rapid identification of sheep and cattle with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).
Samples—Retina, brainstem at the level of the obex, and retropharyngeal lymph node samples obtained from 15 TSE-inoculated sheep (scrapie [n = 13] or transmissible mink encephalopathy passaged through a bovid [2]); retina and brainstem samples obtained from 11 TSE-inoculated cattle (transmissible mink encephalopathy passaged through a bovid [7] or classical BSE [4]); and negative control tissue samples obtained from 2 sheep and 2 cattle that were not inoculated with TSEs.
Procedures—Tissue samples were homogenized and analyzed for detection of abnormally folded disease-associated prion protein with a commercially available EIA and 2 confirmatory assays (western blot analysis or immunohistochemical analysis).
Results—Retina sample EIA results were in agreement with results of brainstem sample EIA or confirmatory assay results for negative control animals and TSE-inoculated animals with clinical signs of disease. However, TSE-inoculated animals with positive confirmatory assay results that did not have clinical signs of disease had negative retina sample EIA results. Retina sample EIA results were in agreement with brainstem sample immunohistochemical results for 4 TSE-inoculated sheep with negative retropharyngeal lymph node EIA results.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study suggested that retina samples may be useful for rapid EIA screening of animals with neurologic signs to detect TSEs.
Effects of intrabursal administration of botulinum toxin type B on lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the podotrochlear apparatus
Authors: Gutierrez-Nibeyro Santiago D. , Santos Marcos P. , White Nathaniel A. , Brown James A. , Adams M. Norris , McKnight Alexia L. , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the safety and short-term efficacy of intrabursal administration of botulinum toxin type B (BTXB) to alleviate lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the podotrochlear apparatus (PA).
Animals—10 Quarter Horses with degenerative injury to the PA.
Procedures—Degenerative injury to the PA was confirmed with diagnostic analgesia and imaging. Then, BTXB (3.8 to 4.5 U/kg) was injected into the podotrochlear (navicular) bursa of each horse. Three horses were used in a safety evaluation. Subsequently, video recordings of lameness evaluations were obtained for 7 client-owned horses 5 days before (baseline) and 7 and 14 days after BTXB treatment and used to determine the effect of BTXB injection on lameness; 1 horse was removed from the study 8 days after BTXB treatment. Three investigators who were unaware of the treated forelimbs or time points separately reviewed the recordings and graded the lameness of both forelimbs of the horses.
Results—Improvement in lameness of the treated forelimbs was detected at 1 or both time points after BTXB administration in all horses. However, all horses had some degree of lameness at the end of the study. Two horses developed transient increases in lameness 48 to 72 hours after treatment; lameness resolved uneventfully.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intrabursal injection of BTXB temporarily alleviated chronic lameness in horses with degenerative injury to the PA, without causing serious short-term adverse effects. Further investigation into the potential use of BTXB in horses affected by degenerative injury to the PA is warranted.
Pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid following subcutaneous administration of a single dose to sheep
Authors: Rivera-Garcia Sarai , Angelos John A. , Rowe Joan D. , Byrne Barbara A. , Wetzlich Scott E. , Van Liew Dana B. , Tell Lisa A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) following SC administration of a single dose to sheep.
Animals—9 healthy adult female Suffolk-crossbred sheep.
Procedures—Each sheep was administered 6.6 mg of CCFA/kg, SC, in the cervical region once. Serial blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals for 14 days. Serum concentration of ceftiofur free-acid equivalents (CFAE) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by compartmental and noncompartmental methods.
Results—Pharmacokinetics for CCFA following SC administration in sheep was best described with a 1-compartment model. Mean ± SD area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to infinity, peak serum concentration, and time to peak serum concentration were 206.6 ± 24.8 μ•h/mL, 2.4 ± 0.5 μg/mL, and 23.1 ± 10.1 h, respectively. Serum CFAE concentrations ≥ 1 μg/mL (the target serum CFAE concentration for treatment of disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida) were maintained for 2.6 to 4.9 days. No significant adverse reactions to CCFA administration were observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that adequate therapeutic serum concentrations of CFAE for treatment of disease caused by M haemolytica and P multocida were achieved in sheep following SC administration of a single dose (6.6 mg/kg) of CCFA. Thus, CCFA might be useful for the treatment of common respiratory tract pathogens in sheep.
In vitro effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists abciximab and eptifibatide on platelet aggregation in healthy cats
Authors: Magee Aliya N. , Hogan Daniel F. , Sederquist Kimberly A. , Durham Jaylyn A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists abciximab and eptifibatide on in vitro inhibition of cat platelets.
Sample—Venous blood samples from 10 healthy cats.
Procedures—Blood samples were anticoagulated with hirudin. Aliquots of whole blood from each cat were allocated to 5 treatments (baseline, 50 μg of abciximab/mL, abciximab volumetric control treatment, 4μM eptifibatide, and eptifibatide volumetric control treatment). Impedance platelet aggregometry was performed with 6.5μM ADP or 32μM thrombin receptor activator peptide (TRAP). Magnitude of platelet aggregation was determined by measuring the area under the curve 15 minutes after addition of ADP or TRAP.
Results—Eptifibatide caused a significant reduction in platelet aggregation, compared with baseline values, for aggregometry with both ADP (median, 50.0; range, 8 to 122 [baseline median, 306.0; baseline range, 130 to 664]) and TRAP (median, 75.5; range, 3 to 148 [baseline median, 219.0; baseline range, 97 to 578]). There was no significant difference in platelet aggregation with abciximab, the abciximab volumetric control treatment, or the eptifibatide volumetric control treatment for aggregometry with ADP or TRAP.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Eptifibatide caused a significant reduction in platelet aggregation in vitro, but there was no identifiable antiplatelet effect for abciximab. Eptifibatide and abciximab have different binding and inhibitory actions; therefore, it can be hypothesized that abciximab would be ineffective in cats because of a lack of receptor binding, reduced binding kinetics, or lack of downstream signaling. Eptifibatide may be useful in identifying hyperreactive platelets in cats in an in vitro platelet inhibitory assay.
Assessment of macro-micro element accumulation capabilities of elodea nuttallii under gradient redox statuses with elevated nh4-n concentrations
Authors: Zaman Tanjeena , Asaeda Takashi 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Aquatic plants often encounter various redox conditions in their natural environment. Elodea nuttallii (Planch.), a submerged aquatic macrophyte, has a flexile ability to use different nutrient sources from various environments. In the present study, Elodea nuttallii was subjected to various redox conditions (+400 mV to -180 mV) at both normal (2.5 ppm) and high (10 ppm) ammonium concentrations and evaluated for macro and micro element accumulation. A reduced environment was prepared by adding glucose to growth medium and nitrogen gas bubbling, while an oxic environment was executed by atmospheric air bubbling. Plants in oxygen-deprived conditions manifested heavy metal (HM) toxicity, such as reduction of biomass and photosynthetic pigments, excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and reduction of major macro elements. In reduced treatments, the bioaccumulation sequence for micro elements was Cu>Mn>Zn>Al>Cd>Fe>Pb at both normal and high NH4-N concentrations. The combined effect of low redox state and high ammonium concentration had a strong physiological impact on the submerged macrophyte. However, macro- and micronutrient accumulation was more significantly affected by reduced environment than by a high NH4-N concentration.
Succession rates and patterns twelve years after land use abandonment in the estuary of the river aliakmon, n. greece
Authors: Xystrakis Fotios , Theodoropoulos Kostantinos , Eleftheriadou Eleni , Samaras Dimitrios A. , Damianidis Christos , Papadopoulos Theodoros 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Vegetation succession is a key element for research studying biodiversity losses, effects of climatic change on ecosystems, invasive species and restoration of ecosystems in which human activities have shifted their natural or semi-natural vegetation. Surrogate variables like Pignatti's bioindicator values or dissimilarity indices can provide further insights regarding succession trajectories aggregating the combined effects of changes in the cover/abundance of taxa. The land-use abandonment in an area in the estuary of the River Aliakmon, N. Greece, provides an opportunity to study medium-term rates and patterns during the first twelve years of vegetation succession. Cluster and time-series analyses of turnover rates, Sørensen's dissimilarity index and Pignatti's bioindicator values revealed clear differences in succession patterns and rates among permanent plots. Succession rates and patterns in the study area were found to be dominated by two ecological factors. On the one hand, availability of fresh water, assumed by the proximity to the river, allows the fast growing Populus alba to develop a forest canopy that radically alters the shading environment which, in its turn, controls succession trajectories. Increased soil salinity on the other hand, allows salt-tolerant taxa to be quickly established, and defines the species inventory on these sites as early as the first years of succession.