bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep learning-based cell segmentation for rapid optical cytopathology of thyroid cancer
Authors: Jermain Peter R. , Oswald Martin , Langdun Tenzin , Wright Santana , Khan Ashraf , Stadelmann Thilo , Abdulkadir Ahmed , Yaroslavsky Anna N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFluorescence polarization (Fpol) imaging of methylene blue (MB) is a promising quantitative approach to thyroid cancer detection. Clinical translation of MB Fpol technology requires reduction of the data analysis time that can be achieved via deep learning-based automated cell segmentation with a 2D U-Net convolutional neural network. The model was trained and tested using images of pathologically diverse human thyroid cells and evaluated by comparing the number of cells selected, segmented areas, and Fpol values obtained using automated (AU) and manual (MA) data processing methods. Overall, the model segmented 15.8% more cells than the human operator. Differences in AU and MA segmented cell areas varied between − 55.2 and + 31.0%, whereas differences in Fpol values varied from − 20.7 and + 10.7%. No statistically significant differences between AU and MA derived Fpol data were observed. The largest differences in Fpol values correlated with greatest discrepancies in AU versus MA segmented cell areas. Time required for auto-processing was reduced to 10 s versus one hour required for MA data processing. Implementation of the automated cell analysis makes quantitative fluorescence polarization-based diagnosis clinically feasible.
Scalable interconnection using a superconducting flux qubit
Authors: Saida Daisuke , Makise Kazumasa , Hidaka Mutsuo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSuperconducting quantum computers are rapidly reaching scales where bottlenecks to scaling arise from the practical aspects of the fabrication process. To improve quantum computer performance, implementation technology that guarantees the scalability of the number of qubits is essential. Increasing the degrees of freedom in routing by 2.5-dimensional implementation is important for realizing circuit scalability. We report an implementation technology to overcome the scaling bottlenecks using a reliable connection qubit with a demonstration of quantum annealing. The method comprises interconnection based on quantum annealing using a superconducting flux qubit, precise coupling status control, and flip-chip bonding. We perform experiments and simulations with a proof-of-concept demonstration of qubit coupling via interconnection using a flux qubit. The coupling status is strictly controllable by quantum annealing. A low-temperature flip-chip bonding technology is introduced for the 2.5-dimensional interconnection. The superconducting flux qubit, formed across two different chips via bumps, is demonstrated for the first time to show a state transition like that in a conventional qubit. The quantum annealing flux qubit and flip-chip bonding enable new interconnections between qubits. A perspective on the possibility of applying this technology to the connection between gate-type qubits is described.
Lower ionospheric resonance caused by Pekeris wave induced by 2022 Tonga volcanic eruption
Authors: Ohya Hiroyo , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Takamura Tamio , Shinagawa Hiroyuki , Takahashi Yukihiro , Chen Alfred B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe submarine volcano Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai erupted explosively on January 15, 2022, offering a unique opportunity to investigate interactions between the atmosphere and ionosphere caused by Lamb and Pekeris waves. However, the resonance of Pekeris waves has not been previously detected. In this study, we applied a multi-point monitoring approach focusing on the lower ionosphere and atmospheric electric field. Here we show observed oscillations of 100–200 s in manmade transmitter signals and the magnetic and atmospheric electric fields, which were caused by Pekeris waves. However, no corresponding changes with the period of 100–200 s in atmospheric pressure due to Pekeris waves were observed on the ground. A simulation of neutral wind revealed Pekeris waves oscillating near the mesopause, suggesting resonance. Therefore, the oscillation in atmospheric electric field is interpreted that the resonance in the lower ionosphere was projected onto the Earth's surface via a global electric circuit.
Effectiveness and satisfaction with virtual and donor dissections: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yun Young Hyun , Kwon Hyeok Yi , Jeon Su Kyoung , Jon Yu Mi , Park Min Jung , Shin Dong Hoon , Choi Hyung Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, human anatomy education has faced challenges with traditional donor dissection, leading to the emergence of virtual dissection as an alternative. This study aims to investigate the academic performance and satisfaction of medical students by comparing the virtual and donor dissections. An open-labeled crossover randomized controlled trial was conducted with 154 first-year medical students in Human Anatomy and Neuroanatomy laboratories, which were divided into three classes. Students were randomly assigned to either the virtual (virtual dissection followed by donor dissection) or donor (donor dissection followed by virtual dissection) groups in each class. A curriculum, incorporating head-mounted displays (HMDs), a life-sized touchscreen, and tablets, was developed. Data was evaluated through quizzes and surveys. In the Human Anatomy laboratory, each class of the donor group conducted heart extraction, dissection and observation. In observation class, the virtual group had a significantly higher mean quiz score than the donor group (p < 0.05). Compared to the donor, satisfaction was significantly higher for the HMD (understanding of concept and immersion), life-size touchscreen (esthetics, understanding of the concept, and spatial ability), and tablet (esthetics, understanding of the concept, spatial ability, and continuous use intention). In the Neuroanatomy laboratory, the virtual group showed significantly higher mean quiz scores than the donor group (p < 0.05), and tablet showed a significantly higher satisfaction than donor in terms of esthetics, understanding of the concept, and spatial ability. These results suggest that virtual dissection has the potential to supplement or replace donor dissection in anatomy education. This study is innovative in that it successfully delivered scenario-based virtual content and validated the efficacy in academic performance and satisfaction when using virtual devices compared to donor.Trial registration: This research has been registered in the Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&focus=reset_12&search_page=L&pageSize=10&page=undefined&seq=26002&status=5&seq_group=26002) with registration number "KCT0009075" and registration date "27/12/2023".
Remarkable stability of $$\gamma$$-$$N_2$$ and its prevalence in the nitrogen phase diagram
Authors: Yan Jinwei , Dalladay-Simpson Philip , Conway Lewis J. , Gorelli Federico , Pickard Chris , Liu Xiao-Di , Gregoryanz Eugene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSolid nitrogen exhibits a panoply of phenomena ranging from complex molecular crystalline configurations to polymerization and closing band gap at higher densities. Among the elemental molecular solids, nitrogen stands apart for having phases, which can only be stabilized following particular pressure-temperature pathways, indicative of metastability and kinetic barriers. Here, through the combination of Raman spectroscopy and dynamic compression techniques, we find that the appearance of the whole nitrogen phase diagram is determined by the P-T paths taken below 2 GPa. We reveal the existence of the path- and phase-dependent triple point between the $$\beta$$
β
-$$N_2$$

N
2

, $$\delta _{loc}$$

δ

loc

-$$N_2$$

N
2

and $$\gamma$$
γ
- or $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
-$$N_2$$

N
2

. We further show that the $$\beta$$
β
-$$N_2$$

N
2

towards $$\gamma$$
γ
-$$N_2$$

N
2

path below the triple point, that evades $$\delta$$
δ
($$\delta _{loc}$$

δ

loc

)-$$N_2$$

N
2

, results in the formation of $$\gamma$$
γ
-$$N_2$$

N
2

, which in turn becomes a dominant phase. We then demonstrate, that the $$\beta$$
β
-$$N_2$$

N
2

through $$\delta$$
δ
($$\delta _{loc}$$

δ

loc

)-$$N_2$$

N
2

above the triple point path leads to the formation of $$\epsilon$$
ϵ
-$$N_2$$

N
2

and the “well-established” phase diagram. An additional pathway, which by-passes the rotationally inhibited modifications $$\delta$$
δ
($$\delta _{loc}$$

δ

loc

)-$$N_2$$

N
2

, via rapid compression is found to produce $$\gamma$$
γ
-$$N_2$$

N
2

at higher temperatures. We argue that the pathway and phase sensitive triple point and the compression rate dependent phase formation challenge our understanding of this archetypal dense molecular solid.
Quantifying the uncertainty of LLM hallucination spreading in complex adaptive social networks
Authors: Hao Guozhi , Wu Jun , Pan Qianqian , Morello Rosario 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge language models (LLMs) are becoming a significant source of content generation in social networks, which is a typical complex adaptive system (CAS). However, due to their hallucinatory nature, LLMs produce false information that can spread through social networks, which will impact the stability of the whole society. The uncertainty of LLMs false information spread within social networks is attributable to the diversity of individual behaviors, intricate interconnectivity, and dynamic network structures. Quantifying the uncertainty of false information spread by LLMs in social networks is beneficial for preemptively devising strategies to defend against threats. To address these challenges, we propose an LLMs hallucination-aware dynamic modeling method via agent-based probability distributions, spread popularity and community affiliation, to quantify the uncertain spreading of LLMs hallucination in social networks. We set up the node attributes and behaviors in the model based on real-world data. For evaluation, we consider the spreaders, informed people, discerning and unwilling non-spreaders as indicators, and quantified the spreading under different LLMs task situations, such as QA, dialogue, and summarization, as well as LLMs versions. Furthermore, we conduct experiments using real-world LLM hallucination data combined with social network features to ensure the validity of the proposed quantifying scheme.
Smartphone usage during walking decreases the positive persistency in gait cycle variability
Authors: Yano Shunpei , Nakamura Akihiro , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Smith Charles E. , Nomura Taishin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGait cycle variability during steady walking, described by the stride interval time series, has been used as a gait-stability-related measure. In particular, the positive persistency in the stride intervals with 1/f-like fluctuation and reduction of the persistency are the well-documented metrics that can characterize gait patterns of healthy young adults and elderly including patients with neurological diseases, respectively. Here, we examined effects of a dual task on gait cycle variability in healthy young adults, based on the mean and standard deviation statistics as well as the positive persistency of the stride intervals during steady walking on a treadmill. Specifically, three gait conditions were examined: control condition, non-cognitive task with holding a smartphone in front of the chest using their dominant hand and looking fixedly at a blank screen of the smartphone, and cognitive motor task with holding a smartphone as in the non-cognitive task and playing a puzzle game displayed on the smartphone by one-thumb operation. We showed that only the positive persistency, not the mean and standard deviation statistics, was affected by the cognitive and motor load of smartphone usage in the cognitive condition. More specifically, the positive persistency exhibited in the control and the non-cognitive conditions was significantly reduced in the cognitive condition. Our results suggest that the decrease in the positive persistency during the cognitive task, which might represent the deterioration of healthy gait pattern, is caused endogenously by the cognitive and motor load, not necessarily by the reduction of visual field as often hypothesized.
The isolation and identification of Bacillus velezensis ZN-S10 from vanilla (V. planifolia), and the microbial distribution after the curing process
Authors: Manyatsi Thabani Sydney , Lin Yu-Hsin , Jou Ying-Tzy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe market value of vanilla beans (Vanilla planifolia) is constantly increasing due to their natural aroma and flavor properties that improve after a curing process, where bacteria colonization plays a critical role. However, a few publications suggest that bacteria play a role in the curing process. Hence, this study aimed to isolateBacillussp. that could be used for fermentingV. planifoliawhile analyzing their role in the curing process.Bacillus velezensisZN-S10 identified with 16S rRNA sequencing was isolated from conventionally curedV. planifoliabeans. A bacteria culture solution ofB. velezensisZN-S10 (1 mL of 1 × 107 CFU mL−1) was then coated on 1 kg of non-cured vanilla pods that was found to ferment and colonize vanilla. PCA results revealed distinguished bacterial communities of fermented vanilla and the control group, suggesting colonization of vanilla. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ZN-S10 was the dominantBacillusgenus member and narrowly correlated toB. velezensisEM-1 andB. velezensisPMC206-1, with 78% and 73% similarity, respectively. The bacterial taxonomic profiling of curedV. planifoliahad a significant relative abundance ofFirmicutes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes,andBacteroidetesphyla according to the predominance.Firmicutesaccounted for 55% of the total bacterial sequences, suggesting their colonization and effective fermentation roles in curing vanilla.
Different judgment frameworks for moral compliance and moral violation
Authors: Shirai Risako , Watanabe Katsumi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, the field of moral psychology has focused on moral judgments based on some moral foundations/categories (e.g., harm/care, fairness/reciprocity, ingroup/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity). When discussing the moral categories, however, whether a person judges moral compliance or moral violation has been rarely considered. We examined the extent to which moral judgments are influenced by each other across moral categories and explored whether the framework of judgments for moral violation and compliance would be different. For this purpose, we developed the episodes set for moral and affective behaviors. For each episode, participants evaluated valence, arousal, morality, and the degree of relevance to each of the Haidt's 5 moral foundations. The cluster analysis showed that the moral compliance episodes were divided into three clusters, whereas the moral violation episodes were divided into two clusters. Also, the additional experiment indicated that the clusters might not be stable in time. These findings suggest that people have different framework of judgments for moral compliance and moral violation.
Male attractiveness is subjective to exposure to males of different attractiveness in fruit flies
Authors: Poissonnier Laure-Anne , Danchin Etienne , Isabel Guillaume 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMate choice is a crucial decision in any animal. In terms of fitness, the best mate is the one that leads to the most abundant and productive offspring. Pairing with a low-quality mate would reduce fitness, generating selection for accurate and subtle mate choice in all animal species. Hence, mate choice is expected to be highly context dependent, and should depend on other potential options. For instance, a medium-quality male can constitute the best option when all other males are in poorer condition, but not when there are better-quality males available. Therefore, animals are predicted to gather information about their social context and adapt their mate choice to it. Here, we report on experiments in which we manipulated the social environment of females of Drosophila melanogaster and found that after encountering a high or a low-quality male, they take more or less time to accept copulation with another male, suggesting that females adapt their mating strategy to their social context. We also report on a similar effect in D. biarmiceps. Thus, male attractiveness appears to depend on the quality of recently met males, suggesting that male attractiveness is subjective, indicating plastic and context dependent mate choice.
Cooperation and social organization depend on weighing private and public reputations
Authors: Cavaliere Matteo , Yang Guoli , De Dreu Carsten K. W. , Gross Jörg 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo avoid exploitation by defectors, people can use past experiences with others when deciding to cooperate or not (‘private information’). Alternatively, people can derive others’ reputation from ‘public’ information provided by individuals within the social network. However, public information may be aligned or misaligned with one’s own private experiences and different individuals, such as ‘friends’ and ‘enemies’, may have different opinions about the reputation of others. Using evolutionary agent-based simulations, we examine how cooperation and social organization is shaped when agents (1) prioritize private or public information about others’ reputation, and (2) integrate others’ opinions using a friend-focused or a friend-and-enemy focused heuristic (relying on reputation information from only friends or also enemies, respectively). When agents prioritize public information and rely on friend-and-enemy heuristics, we observe polarization cycles marked by high cooperation, invasion by defectors, and subsequent population fragmentation. Prioritizing private information diminishes polarization and defector invasions, but also results in limited cooperation. Only when using friend-focused heuristics and following past experiences or the recommendation of friends create prosperous and stable populations based on cooperation. These results show how combining one’s own experiences and the opinions of friends can lead to stable and large-scale cooperation and highlight the important role of following the advice of friends in the evolution of group cooperation.
Analysis of the susceptibility of refractory hepatitis C virus resistant to nonstructural 5A inhibitors
Authors: Toyodome Ai , Mawatari Seiichi , Eguchi Hiromi , Takeda Midori , Kumagai Kotaro , Taniyama Ohki , Ijuin Sho , Sakae Haruka , Tabu Kazuaki , Oda Kohei , Ikeda Masanori , Ido Akio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResistance-associated substitutions (RASs) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) affect the efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). In this study, we aimed to clarify the susceptibility of the coexistence of nonstructural (NS) 5A Q24K/L28M/R30Q (or R30E)/A92K RASs, which were observed in patients with DAAs re-treatment failure and to consider new therapeutic agents. We used a subgenomic replicon system in which HCV genotype 1B strain 1B-4 was electroporated into OR6c cells derived from HuH-7 cells (Wild-type [WT]). We converted WT genes to NS5A Q24K/L28M/R30Q/A92K or Q24/L28K/R30E/A92K. Compared with the WT, the Q24K/L28M/R30Q/A92K RASs was 36,000-fold resistant to daclatasvir, 440,000-fold resistant to ledipasvir, 6300-fold resistant to velpatasvir, 3100-fold resistant to elbasvir, and 1.8-fold resistant to pibrentasvir. Compared with the WT, the Q24K/L28M/R30E/A92K RASs was 640,000-fold resistant to daclatasvir and ledipasvir, 150,000-fold resistant to velpatasvir, 44,000-fold resistant to elbasvir, and 1500-fold resistant to pibrentasvir. The Q24K/L28M/R30E/A92K RASs was 816.3 times more resistant to pibrentasvir than the Q24K/L28M/R30Q/A92K RASs. Furthermore, a combination of pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir showed therapeutic efficacy against these RASs. Combination regimens may eradicate HCV with NS5A Q24K/L28M/R30E/A92K RASs.
L-carnitine co-administration prevents colistin-induced mitochondrial permeability transition and reduces the risk of acute kidney injury in mice
Authors: Samodelov Sophia L. , Gai Zhibo , De Luca Francesca , Haldimann Klara , Hobbie Sven N. , Müller Daniel , Kullak-Ublick Gerd A. , Visentin Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractColistin is a polymyxin antibiotic currently experiencing renewed clinical interest due to its efficacy in the treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections. The frequent onset of acute dose-dependent kidney injury, with the potential of leading to long-term renal damage, has limited its use and hampered adequate dosing regimens, increasing the risk of suboptimal plasma concentrations during treatment. The mechanism of colistin-induced renal toxicity has been postulated to stem from mitochondrial damage, yet there is no direct evidence of colistin acting as a mitochondrial toxin. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether colistin can directly induce mitochondrial toxicity and, if so, uncover the underlying molecular mechanism. We found that colistin leads to a rapid permeability transition of mitochondria isolated from mouse kidney that was fully prevented by co-incubation of the mitochondria with desensitizers of the mitochondrial transition pore cyclosporin A or L-carnitine. The protective effect of L-carnitine was confirmed in experiments in primary cultured mouse tubular cells. Consistently, the relative risk of colistin-induced kidney damage, calculated based on histological analysis as well as by the early marker of tubular kidney injury, Kim-1, was halved under co-administration with L-carnitine in vivo. Notably, L-carnitine neither affected the pharmacokinetics of colistin nor its antimicrobial activity against relevant bacterial strains. In conclusion, colistin targets the mitochondria and induces permeability transition thereof. L-carnitine prevents colistin-induced permeability transition in vitro. Moreover, L-carnitine co-administration confers partial nephroprotection in mice treated with colistin, without interfering with its pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity.