bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Fungi in an Over-burned Tropical Rain Forest in Bukit Bangkirai, East Kalimantan
Authors: SUCIATMIH SUCIATMIH 
Published: July 2014

A study was conducted in Bukit Bangkirai forest, East Kalimantan, to understand the impact of forest fire on the existence of soil fungi. Three permanent plots were used for the research, i.e. undamaged plot (K), lightly damaged plot (LD), and heavily damaged plot (HD). Each plot was 1 ha and divided into 100 sub-plots (10 m x 10 m). For observation of soil fungi, in the center of the five randomly selected sub-plots from each plot was made a sampling plot (2 m x 2 m). After removing the organic matter surface (O layer), soil sample was collected from top layer (A) and second layer (B) in each of the five sampling plots. Soil fungi were isolated using dilution plate method and they were incubated at room temperature (27-28 oC). This process was replicated two times for each soil sample. The result indicated that forest fire decreased the diversity and population of soil fungi. The highest soil fungi population was found in the undamaged (K) plot at the top layer (A) (389.0 colonies/mg dry soil), while the lowest population was in the lightly damaged plot (LD) at the second layer (B) (12.3
colonies/mg dry soil). Gongronella butleri was dominant species in the area of the tropical rain forest which was fired in Bukit Bangkirai, East Kalimantan.
Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: damaged and undamaged plots, colony, population, soil fungi, soil layer
Fire Behavior in Pelalawan Peatland, Riau Province
Authors: SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO 
Published: July 2014

During dry season it is easily recognized that smoke will emerge at certain place both in Sumatra and Kalimantan that is in peatland. The worst situation occurred when fire burnt buried log in the logged over area where the fire fighter did not have any experience and knowledge on how to work with fire in peatland. Finally it had been found that one of the reasons why firefighter failed to fight fire in peatland is because they do not have any knowledge and experience on it. In order to know the fire behavior characteristics in different level of peat decomposition for fire management and sustainable management of the land for the community, research done in Pelalawan area, Riau Province, Indonesia, during dry season 2001. Three level of peat decomposition named Sapric, Hemic, and Fibric used. To conduct the research, two 400 m2 of plot each was established in every level of the peat decomposition. Burning done three weeks following slashing, cutting and drying at different time using circle method. During burning, flame length, rate of the spread of fire, flame temperature and following burning fuel left and the depth of peat destruction were measured. Results of research shown that in sapric site
where sapric 2 has fuel load 9 ton ha-1 less than sapric 1, fire behavior was significantly different while peat destructed was deepest in sapric 2 with 31.87 cm. In hemic site where hemic 2 has fuel load 12.3 ton ha-1 more than hemic 1, fire behavior was significantly different and peat destructed deeper than hemic 1 that was 12.6 cm. In fibric site where fibric 1 has fuel load 3.5 ton ha-1 more than fibric 1, fire behavior was significantly different that has no burnt peat found. This results found that the different fuel characteristics (potency, moisture,
bed depth, and type) at the same level of peat decomposition will have significantly different fire behavior as it happened also on the depth of peat destruction except fibric. The same condition occurred in the fire behavior at different level of peat decomposition.

Key words: Fire, fuel, peat, sapric, hemic, fibric, Pelalawan.
Domination and Composition Structure Change at Hemic Peat Natural Regeneration Following Burning; A Case Study in Pelalawan, Riau Province
Authors: SAHARJO BAMBANG HERO , NURHAYATI ATI DWI 
Published: July 2014

Biomass burning is the burning of the worldâ€™s living and dead vegetation, including grasslands, forests and agricultural lands following the harvest for land clearing and land-use change. One of the important information needed following this biomass burning is how long the burnt forest or land can be recovered, and how worst the changing occurred. Repeated burning occurred at the same place trend to clean the vegetation which leads to have the land with lower number and quality of species left. The research objective is to understand the vegetation changing following peat fires in the sapric peat type at the land preparation using belong to the local community located in the
Pelalawan district, Riau province, Indonesia during the dry season in the year 2001. Before burning, logging, slashing, drying and burning the site was dominated by Uncaria glabrata at seedling stage, Ficus sundaica at sapling stage, Ficus sundaica at pole stage and Stenochlaena palustris at understorey. After logging, slashing and followed by 4 weeks drying then continued by burning with high flame temperature range from 900-1100oC, it had been found that 3-months following burning the site was dominated by Uncaria glabrata at
seedling stage and Nephrolepis flaccigera at understorey while 6-months following burning the site was dominated by Parastemon uruphyllus at seedling stage and Erechites valeriantifolia at understorey stage.
Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: peat fires, peat type, flame, natural regeneration, human.
Review: Sugarcane production: Impact of climate change and its mitigation
Authors: SRIVASTAVA ASHOK K. , RAI MAHENDRA K. 
Published: July 2014

Srivastava AK, Rai MK. 2012. Review: Sugarcane production: impact of climate change and its mitigation 13: 214-227. Sugarcane is aÂ climatic sensitive crop: therefore, its spatial distribution on the globe is restricted as per the suitability of various climatic parameters.Â The climate change, though, a very slow phenomenon is now accelerated due to natural, as well as enormous human activities disturbingÂ the composition of atmosphere. The predications of various climatic models for probable rise in temperature, rainfall, sea level show anÂ alarming condition in forthcoming decades. As the sugarcane is very sensitive to temperature, rainfall, solar radiations etc. therefore, aÂ significant effect on its production and sugar yield is expected in future. It is also well known that sugarcane is one of the precious cropsÂ of the world and its end products i.e. sugar and ethanol have a continuous growing demand on global level. Hence, the studies related toÂ good production of sugarcane in changing conditions of climate has become one among the front line area of research and is a majorÂ concern of scientistâ€™s world over. Advance agronomic measures including development of suitable cane varieties susceptible to changedÂ climatic conditions, land preparation, time and pattern of plantation, weed, disease and pest managements, nutrients managements,Â proper timing and adequate water management seems to be the affective measures for obtaining high production of crop with goodÂ quality juice in future.
The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum as a cultural representation of the public memory of the president
Authors: Ulyatt Michelle 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum is a cultural representation of the public memory of the president. The site, located in Boston, Massachusetts, welcomes thousands of visitors each year, and its exhibits aim to enhance their understanding of the Kennedy presidency. This article examines the purposes of the Kennedy Library and Museum and explores its content in order to establish whether the museum provides an accurate representation of John F. Kennedy’s achievements in office. While the approach adopted is principally one of historical enquiry in order to test the content of the museum against the president’s record in office, the range of political issues covered and the focus on a cultural symbol of his rule should make the article accessible to scholars in other disciplines. The article argues that the founders of the Kennedy Library and Museum, who were all close Kennedy associates, were keen to provide a permanent memorial to the president that focused on the idea that his achievements in office outweighed his personal flaws. Reflecting their views and the influence that they have had over the wider public perception of President Kennedy, the Kennedy Library and Museum therefore provides an overwhelmingly positive representation of the president.
Review
Authors: Parker Richard 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Robert Duncan Round-Up
Reading Duncan Reading: Robert Duncan and the Poetics of Derivation, Stephen Collis and Graham Lyons (eds) (2012) Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 271 pp., $45.00 (pbk), ISBN: 1609381165.
Duncan, Robert, The H.D. Book, Michael Boughn and Victor Coleman (eds) (2011) Berkeley: University of California Press, 693 pp., $36.95 (pbk), ISBN 0520272625.
Duncan, Robert, The Collected Early Poems and Plays, Peter Quartermain (ed.) (2012) Berkeley: University of California Press, 822 pp., $45.33 (hbk), ISBN 0520259262.
Duncan, Robert, A Poet’s Mind: Collected Interviews with Robert Duncan, 1960–1985, Christopher Wagstaff (ed.) (2012) Berkeley: North Atlantic Books, 488 pp., $24.95 (hbk), ISBN 1583944540.
Robert Duncan: The Ambassador from Venus: A Biography, Lisa Jarnot (2012) Berkeley: University of California Press, 481 pp., $39.95 (hbk), ISBN 0520234162.
Lobbying the reader: Toni Morrison’s recent forewords to her novels
Authors: Roynon Tessa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article examines the eight forewords, written by Morrison herself, that accompany all the recent Vintage editions of the novels except A Mercy (2008) and Home (2012). It reads them as a significant yet little-discussed contribution to her corpus of non-fiction work. Examining how the forewords came about and their apparent purpose, I collate the new perspectives they provide on Morrison’s narrative project, the insights they contain about American/transnational historical, political and literary cultures and the glimpses into the novelist’s life story they afford. I focus on what might be lost through their existence rather than what might be gained. I analyze in detail the ways in which Morrison’s foregrounded summaries of her central concerns diminish the reader’s active and participatory role. Making connections and comparisons with her published essays and interviews, I argue that the forewords undermine both the authority of the reader and the sense of a collaborative project which Morrison had until now invested with such political importance. Resisting the hagiographic tendency of some Morrison criticism, I explore the potentially problematic conflicts and inconsistencies about audience and reception; about definitive and ‘indefinitive’ editions; and about the empowerment or disempowerment of the reader; that the appearance of these prefatory essays has engendered.
Education, mobility and the zone defense in suburban American narratives
Authors: Long Christian 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Slums of Beverly Hills and The Breakfast Club show that the key to class mobility is affordable housing in an otherwise high-dollar school district. This residential basis to the interconnection of romance, education and class mobility in suburban high school movies reveals zoning as the essential foundation to the suburban way of life. The logic of zoning is the imagination and ideology of American suburbia, promising universal mobility only to circumscribe it spatially. Zoning’s ‘rational’ delineation of allowable building is of paramount concern to mobility or economic inequality. Actually, existing zoning is the key ideological component to suburban life, which makes its invisibility in literary and film studies troubling. Slums of Beverly Hills and The Breakfast Club solve the problems of suburban inequality discursively; Brian and Vivian only change their thinking about the organization of their families, educations and social interactions, not the spatial organization of their home town. Suburban high school films continue to believe in the promise of class mobility that zoning-enabled and facilitated education holds out, the very definition of an ideological solution to the problem rather than a concrete change to the built environment.
Shelter Dogs and Their Destiny a Retrospective Analysis to Identify Predictive Factors: a Pilot Study
Authors: Cannas Simona , Rampini Fancesca , Levi Diana , Costa Emanuela Dalla , Talamonti Zita , Minero Michela , Palestrini Clara 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Consequences of a long stay in dog shelter have particular significance, because, since 1991, the Italian law (14/08/1991, n.281) prohibits euthanasia of dogs unless “they are seriously ill, incurable or proven dangerous”. Caught dogs are recovered for a quarantine period in the sanitary kennel, if they are not returned to the owner, they are moved to shelters until adoption or death. The aim of this work was to identify the relationship between dogs characteristics and their destiny in order to define useful predictors to better manage the stay of dogs in shelter. We analysed the records of all dogs recovered in a sanitary kennel from 2005 to 2010 and subsequently moved to shelters (n=771). Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed in order to investigate possible factors that might affect adoptability of sheltered dogs. The characteristics of dogs that spent more time in PVCS, before being transfer to the CR, were: large size, male gender and age between 11 months and 2 years (p ≤ 0,05). Male dogs spent more days in CR, as opposed to female (p ≤ 0,05). In our sample 76% dogs were adopted, 18% were still in the shelter, 4% died and 2% were euthanized. Female dogs were adopted more than males; young dogs more than elderly (over seven years); sizes medium and small more than large. It would be interesting use the data from this research and complete them with information regarding dogs behaviour, to better manage dogs during the stay in shelter and to improve their relocation.
Passionate Allegories: Staging Romance in Civil War Melodrama
Authors: Redling Erik 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The essay traces the changing stages of allegorical melodrama, which heighten the respective Civil War goals of the North and South, from the beginning of the war to the silent film era. At the outset of the war both sides use portrayals of Civil War romance to create ‘passionate allegories’ that praise their own cause and disparage their opponents. Subsequently, spectacular allegorical enactments in postbellum Civil War romance plays serve to commemorate magnanimous, unifying encounters between North and South as well as the North’s victory. Finally, somewhat removed from the war, early silent movies of the new century draw on melodrama’s theater conventions (especially allegorical tableaux) to fire up the audience’s passion for the union of North and South: for instance, Edwin S. Porter’s film Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1903) shows that Tom’s death was not in vain because it paved the way for the reconciliation of North and South, while D. W. Griffith’s racist Civil War epic The Birth of a Nation (1915) ends with a double honeymoon to stress the need of a white union between North and South in the face of the perceived threat of African Americans.
Melodrama, Emotion, and Environmental Advocacy: A Cognitive Approach to Erin Brockovich
Authors: Weik von Mossner Alexa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The essay explores the emotional and political valence of melodramatic storytelling in Steven Soderbergh’s Erin Brockovich. It uses the analytical tools of cognitive film theory to explore the ways in which Erin Brockovich employs affective appeals to engage viewers in its melodramatic representation of a historical case of environmental injustice. Not only are viewers encouraged to empathically share the characters’ feelings of pain, fear, and anxiety about economic and environmental risks and hazards, they are also invited to get sympathetically invested in the protagonist’s struggle to reduce her own suffering and that of others she has learned to care for. As a melodramatic narrative that also provides a good amount of comic relief, Erin Brockovich promotes both alignment and allegiance with its morally righteous heroine, thereby encouraging viewers to share her activist stance in cases of environmental injustice that affect the suffering bodies of others.
Wasting God’s Gift? The Ruined City and the “Melodramatic Penis”
Authors: Poole Ralph 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Why have ruins been so fascinating for artists? And is there an inherent melodramatic quality to states of ruin? What is the link between architectural ruins, financial ruin and ruinous lives? And what kinds of ways out do artists offer to counteract ruined affairs? The paper looks at a prominent case of a ruined city – Detroit – and offers readings of how artists (photographers, filmmakers, musicians, and cityscapists) have taken up the challenge to view and experience a city that has been prone to destruction, desolation, and doom. The range of productively working with and against notions of decay includes the highly melodramatic as well as the ludicrously comic (both prominent in the TV series Hung), and for new ways of achieving success there are not only technological, athletic and horticultural incentives at stake, but one may even have to rely on the age-old means of commodity: one’s own body. The ‘melodramatic penis’ will therefore be discussed as a tangible sign of economic and spiritual crisis.
The Study of Cognitive Semiotics in China
Authors: Hu Zhuanglin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The study of cognitive semiotics first took the form of “cognitive linguistics + Peircean semiotics” in China in 2005. Two years later, the term “cognitive semiotics” (CS) began to be introduced to Chinese scholars, who came to learn the names of pioneers such as Daddesio, Brandt, Thom, Stjernfelt, Bundgaard, and others, situated mainly in Europe. Since then, Chinese CS scholars have devoted themselves to the theoretical exploration of CS focusing on such topics as metaphor and symbolization, cognitive steps in semiosis, humor comprehension, interpretation of polite utterances, the deictic center, etc. Moreover, some scholars have focused on the application of the theory in fields such as literary analysis, the interpreter’s mind style, education, disaster symbols, architecture, etc.
Bridging Civilisations
Authors: Riley Howard , Roberts Amanda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the application of systemic-functional semiotics in the analysis of visual materials, and, specifically, presents and demonstrates the efficacy of an original systemic-functional model that facilitates both the analysis and synthesis of drawings in a cross-cultural context. The model is explained as developing from Michael O’Toole’s systemic-functional semiotic model for painting (O’Toole 2011) itself an adaptation of Michael Halliday’s systemic-functional semiotic model for language (Halliday 1973, 1978, 1985). The article is illustrated with examples of work from China, Europe, and the authors’ drawing practice.
Polysemiotic Signs in Foreign Language Course Books
Authors: Kourdis Evangelos 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Recently, in most foreign language course books, rubrics of units, activities, and exercises are codified resulting in a peculiar coexistence of semiotic systems to produce or to accentuate meaning, creating thus polysemiotic signs. In this paper, I study the polysemiotic signs of English and French in foreign language course books published in Greece which are composed of verbal and visual signs within the context of Groupe M. Such a relation of semiotic systems also includes intersemiotic and interlingual translation. My main result is that course books are characterized by an increasing visuality that permits reference to a common cultural framework or semiosphere that enables the polysemiotic signs used in course books to be understood by students learning a foreign language.
Signs of Silence and Resistance in Strawman
Authors: Tsai Hsiu-chih 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Taiwanese director Wang Tong’s film Strawman (1987) aims at comparing the maimed national identity and sense of helplessness of colonized Taiwanese people to the situation of a “strawman” in the late period of the Pacific War. I explore the relationship between the filmic representation of trivial events involving Taiwanese farmers and the irrepressible power of life and humanity that emerges despite Japanese empirical exploitation and domination. The events become a series of detours of sign processes that represent not just the tangos of life and death but also the tangles of the colonizer and the colonized in the real world, while the film’s Kristevean ideologemes operating through sign functions correlate the cinematographic world and the possible contextualized real world
Significant Symmetries in the Structure of Peircean Semiotics
Authors: Pearson Charls 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper I discuss the metaphysics of symmetry and then illustrate several of the most obvious symmetries in the theory of sign structure. By breaking one of these symmetries, a new and more powerful theory is displayed: the theory of the structure of the dialogic sign. However, there are many symmetries remaining to investigate in this theory.
Semiosis in a Schubert Song
Authors: Dougherty William P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In setting a text to music, a composer actively engages the text by manipulating it to serve an expressive end that coalesces into a multi-layered art form. Peirce’s conception of semeiotic with its emphasis on presentation, representation, and interpretation allows access to the thorny issues surrounding the relation of music and text in the art song. The analytic focus is on the use of the pastoral topic in Shubert’s setting of “Nur wer die Sehnsucht Kennt” (D. 877, No. 1).
Eigentumsrechte im Finanzsystem
Authors: Herzog Lisa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper asks how property rights in the financial system can be normatively justified. It argues that in the current financial system, we find property rights with very different normative bases, some of which are stronger than others. In fact, there is a systematic gap between the normative priorities (which property rights deserve protection?) and the de facto priorities (which property rights are in fact protected?). I draw on the three traditional approaches for justifying property rights, along Hegelian, Lockean and consequentialist lines, and ask how relevant they are for the property rights that one finds in today’s financial system. As it will turn out, Hegelian and Lockean justifications are better suited for the “real economy” than for the financial system; whereas the most promising approach for justifying many property rights within the financial system (if they can be justified at all) is a consequentialist one. This implies that reform proposals, for example with regard to higher capital ratios for banks, cannot be countered by holding that they interfere with property rights, for the property rights that are interfered with cannot claim to have stronger normative bases than the normative principles involved in the reform proposals.