bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tofersen decreases neurofilament levels supporting the pathogenesis of the SOD1 p.D91A variant in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Weishaupt Jochen H. , Körtvélyessy Péter , Schumann Peggy , Valkadinov Ivan , Weyen Ute , Hesebeck-Brinckmann Jasper , Weishaupt Kanchi , Endres Matthias , Andersen Peter M. , Regensburger Martin , Dreger Marie , Koch Jan C. , Conrad Julian , Meyer Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Since the antisense oligonucleotide tofersen has recently become available for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by mutations in SOD1, determining the causality of the over 230 SOD1 variants has become even more important. The most common SOD1 variant worldwide is p.D91A (c.272A > C), whose causality for ALS is contested when in a heterozygous state. The reason is the high allele frequency of SOD1D91A in Europe, exceeding 1% in Finno-Scandinavia.

Methods
We present the clinical disease course and serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) results of treating 11 patients either homo- or heterozygous for the SOD1D91A allele for up to 16 months with tofersen.

Results
Tofersen decreases serum neurofilament levels (sNFL), which are associated with the ALS progression rate, in the 6 ALS patients homozygous for SOD1D91A. We observe significantly lower sNfL levels in the 5 patients heterozygous for SOD1D91A. The results indicate that both mono- and bi-allelic SOD1D91A are causally relevant targets, with a possibly reduced effect size of SOD1D91Ahet.

Conclusions
The finding is relevant for decision making regarding tofersen treatment, patient counseling and inclusion of SOD1D91A patients in drug trials. As far as we are aware, the approach is conceptually new since it provides evidence for the causality of an ALS variant based on a biomarker response to gene-specific treatment.
Narrative Discourse Performance in Traumatic Brain Injury: Does Story Comprehension Predict Story Retelling?
Authors: Lê Karen , Coelho Carl , Feinn Richard 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Little is known about the relationship between discourse comprehension and production in traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially for spoken language. This study examined to what extent narrative discourse comprehension accounts for narrative discourse production outcomes (story grammar, story completeness). A secondary aim was to provisionally test an assumption of a discourse model, the structure building framework (SBF), that discourse comprehension and production share cognitive processes by investigating the strength of the relationship between them.

Method:
Twenty-one individuals with TBI completed story comprehension and story retelling tasks. Discourse measures included the Discourse Comprehension Test, a picture story comprehension task, story grammar, and story completeness. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed using comprehension measures as predictors for production measures.

Results:
There were significant moderate-to-large correlations between all comprehension and production measures. Comprehension measures approached but did not reach significance for predicting story grammar performance but strongly predicted story completeness outcomes.

Conclusions:
The story comprehension measures likely tapped content aspects of discourse more so than organization. Results provided support for a link between content-focused discourse comprehension measures and discourse production outcomes, which may have clinical implications for approaches to discourse intervention. Findings were interpreted as providing preliminary support for the SBF's claim that discourse production deploys the same processes involved in discourse comprehension.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26338045
Enhancing microgrid performance with AI‐based predictive control: Establishing an intelligent distributed control system
Authors: Hasani Afshin , Heydari Hossein , Golsorkhi Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrogrids play a pivotal role in modern power distribution systems, necessitating precise control methodologies to tackle challenges such as performance instability, especially during islanding operations. This paper introduces an advanced control strategy that employs artificial intelligence, specifically deep neural network (DNN) predictions, to enhance microgrid performance, particularly in an islanding mode where voltage and frequency (VaF) deviations are critical concerns. By utilizing real‐time data and historical trends, the proposed controller accurately forecasts power demand and generation patterns, enabling proactive planning and optimization of efficiency, reliability, and sustainability in microgrid management. One significant aspect of this approach is to establish an intelligent distributed control system that minimizes reliance on communication devices while ensuring that VaF remains within acceptable limits. Moreover, it consolidates the roles of primary and secondary controllers within the microgrid and facilitates the prediction of load changes and load injection processes. This capability significantly reduces microgrid VaF deviations, enhancing system performance through precise power distribution and balanced coordination among distributed generators. Consequently, it ensures the stability and reliability of the system. In summary, the integration of DNN‐based predictive control represents a significant advancement in microgrid management, providing a solution to address performance challenges and optimize operational efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.
ExposureNet: Mobile camera exposure parameters autonomous control for blur effect prevention
Authors: Nahli Abdelwahed , Li Dan , Uddin Rahim , Irfan Muhammad , Oubibi Mohamed , Lu Qiyong , Zhang Jian Qiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe quality of images we perceive visually is heavily impacted by the settings used for camera exposure. When these settings are imbalanced, it can result in an undesired prominent phenomenon known as blur effects. To address this problem, an ExposureNet project has been undertaken, which aims to develop an autonomous camera exposure settings control system for blur effects prevention. The proposed ExposureNet model is a CNN/Transformer hybrid neural structure, created and trained in a comprehensive manner to effectively predict the ideal exposure settings based on the semantic features of the scene being captured. This system is designed to learn the necessary steps for processing, such as identifying relevant scene features, using only two camera exposure parameters (shutter speed (SHS) and ISO) as training signals. As a result, this system can associate the semantic features of a scene with the appropriate exposure parameter adjustments, customized to the scene's dynamics and lighting conditions. By simultaneously optimizing all processing steps and bypassing traditional post‐processing stages, the proposed system is designed to achieve faster performance, reduced computational cost, and lower power consumption. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly outperforms existing methods and achieves cutting‐edge performance.
Identification and analysis of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related key long non‐coding RNAs in hypospadias
Authors: Gao Hongjie , Ding Chen , Chang Mengmeng , Lu Zhiyi , Li Ding , Bi Dan , Sun Fengyin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEMT dysfunction is a dominant mechanisms of hypospadias. Thus, identification of EMT‐related lncRNAs based on transcriptome sequencing data of hypospadias might provide novel molecular markers and therapeutic targets for hypospadias. First, the microarray data related to hypospadias were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Besides, the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) related to EMT were screened to construct lncRNA‐mRNA co‐expression interaction pairs. In addition, the microRNA (miRNA) prediction analysis was performed through bioinformatics methods to construct a ceRNA network. Moreover, function prediction and function enrichment and pathway analyses were also performed. Finally, the core EMT‐related lncRNAs were verified based on mRNA expression changes and cell functions. A total of 6 EMT‐related lncRNAs were identified and 123 mRNA‐lncRNA co‐expression interaction pairs were screened in this study. Additionally, a ceRNA regulatory network comprising 17 mRNAs, 4 lncRNAs, and 28 miRNAs was constructed based on the prediction of hypospadias‐related miRNAs. The validation results of the dataset GSE121712 revealed that only BEX1 was positively correlated with the expression of the lncRNA GNAS‐AS1 (r = 0.874, P < 0.01), both of which had high expression. The cell experiment results demonstrated that interfering with the expression of GNAS‐AS1 significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and EMT of cells. Importantly, it was confirmed that GNAS‐AS1 can serve as a ceRNA and play an important role in the EMT of hypospadias. Hence, it may be considered as a potential target in the treatment of this disease.
Revisiting thermoelectric effects in the crust of neutron stars
Authors: Gakis Dionysios , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Large thermal variations have been observed in neutron stars that typically are not aligned with density gradients. Such terms may activate the Biermann battery effect, leading to thermoelectric interactions and to the generation of electromotive force.
Aims. We aim to identify the possible impact of a temperature anisotropy on the crust of a neutron star can have in the evolution of its magnetic field, through the thermoelectric terms.
Methods. We considered a neutron star crust with large temperature gradients, associated with long-lived hot spots, described by a localized Gaussian-type function. We simulated the interplay between the battery term and the Hall and Ohmic evolution numerically for axisymmetric systems.
Results. The results indicate that for crust temperatures of ∼109 K the toroidal field can be amplified up to ∼1014 − 1015 G near the points of maximum temperature gradients, and it locally changes the architecture of the poloidal field lines. For internal crustal temperatures of ∼108 K, the temperature gradient generates fields that are lower by about two orders of magnitude. In these cases, saturation is achieved after some hundred thousand years, after which the battery and Ohmic dissipation balance each other, whereas the Hall drift contributes comparatively little to the final field strength, but it can affect its structure.
Conclusions. We conclude that the thermoelectric effect can impact the overall magnetic field evolution, provided that the thermal gradient is maintained for a sufficiently long time. Neutron stars endowned with moderate-strength magnetic fields may be affected by the thermoelectric effect if the hotspots survive for timescales of a few kiloyears.
Characterising the stellar differential rotation based on largest-spot statistics from ground-based photometry
Authors: Tuomi Mikko , Lehtinen Jyri J. , Henry Gregory W. , Hackman Thomas 
Published: July 2024

Aims. Stellar spot distribution has consequences on the observable periodic signals in long-time baseline ground-based photometry. We model the statistics of the dominating spots of two young and active Solar-type stars, V889 Her and LQ Hya, in order to obtain information on the underlying spot distribution, rotation of the star, as well as the orientation of the stellar axis of spin.
Methods. By calculating estimates for spot-induced periodicities in independent subsets of photometric data, we obtain statistics based on the dominating spots in each subset, giving rise to largest-spot statistics accounting for stellar geometry and rotation, including differential rotation.
Results. Our simple statistical models are able to reproduce the observed distribution of photometric signals rather well. This also enables us to estimate the dependence of angular velocity of the spots as a function of latitude. Our results indicate that V889 Her has a non-monotonic differential rotation curve with a maximum angular velocity between latitudes of 37–40 deg and lower angular velocity at the pole than the equator. Our results for LQ Hya indicate that the star rotates much like a rigid body. Furthermore, the results imply that the monotonic Solar differential rotation curve may not be a universal model for other solar-type stars.
Conclusions. The non-monotonicity of the differential rotation of V889 Her is commonly produced in magnetohydrodynamic simulations, which indicates that our results are realistic from a theoretical perspective.
The neutral gas phase nearest to supermassive black holes
Authors: Thi W.-F. , Papadopoulos P. P. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Broad line regions (BLRs) are known to contain gravitationally bound gas within a r∼(few) × (102 − 103) Schwarszchild radii (RS) near supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Photo-ionized by a strong non-stellar AGN continuum, this gas emits luminous ultraviolet/optical/near-infrared lines from ionized hydrogen (and other multi-ionized atoms) that have the widest velocity profiles observed in galaxies, uniquely indicating the deep gravitational wells of SMBHs.
Aims. Nearly all BLR studies focus on its ionized gas phase (hereafter BLR+), with typical masses of only ∼(few) × (10–100) M⊙, despite strong indications of neutral BLR gas reservoirs (hereafter, BLR0) with MBLR0 ∼ 105−6 M⊙.
Methods. We used the photoionization code CLOUDY, with its chemistry augmented using three-body reactions, to explore 1D models of dustless BLRs, focusing on the BLR0 conditions and the abundances of its most prevalent neutral atoms and molecules.
Results. A (neutral-atom-) and molecule-rich BLR0 gas phase is found to be underlying the BLR+. The latter occupies only a thin outer layer of AGN-irradiated gas column densities, while the former contains the bulk of the BLR gas mass. Atomic carbon and oxygen as well as the CO molecule can reach substantial abundances in the BLR0, while their lines at infrared (IR) and submillimeter (submm) wavelengths can yield new probes of the BLR physical conditions and dynamics, unhindered by the dust absorption from outer AGN tori that readily absorb the BLR+ optical and far-ultraviolet (FUV) lines.
Conclusions. We find that neutral-atom-rich and even molecule-rich gas can exist in the BLR0. The corresponding spectral lines from neutral atoms and molecules promise a new spectral window of gas dynamics in the vicinity of SMBHs unhindered by dust absorption. This may even offer the prospect of conducting novel tests of general relativity in strongly curved spacetime.
Revisiting the dynamical masses of the transiting planets in the young AU Mic system: Potential AU Mic b inflation at ~20 Myr
Authors: Mallorquín M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Lodieu N. , Zapatero Osorio M. R. , Yu H. , Suárez Mascareño A. , Damasso M. , Sanz-Forcada J. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Caballero J. A. , Aigrain S. , Barragán O. , Dreizler S. , Fernández-Martín A. , Goffo E. , Henning Th. , Kaminski A. , Klein B. , Luque R. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Nagel E. , Pallé E. , Reffert S. , Schlecker M. , Schweitzer A. 
Published: July 2024

Context. Understanding planet formation is important in the context of the origin of planetary systems in general and of the Solar System in particular, as well as to predict the likelihood of finding Jupiter, Neptune, and Earth analogues around other stars.
Aims. We aim to precisely determine the radii and dynamical masses of transiting planets orbiting the young M star AU Mic using public photometric and spectroscopic datasets.
Methods. We performed a joint fit analysis of the TESS and CHEOPS light curves and more than 400 high-resolution spectra collected with several telescopes and instruments. We characterise the stellar activity and physical properties (radius, mass, density) of the transiting planets in the young AU Mic system through joint transit and radial velocity fits with Gaussian processes.
Results. We determine a radius of Rpb = 4.79 ± 0.29 R⊕, a mass of Mpb = 9.0 ± 2.7 M⊕, and a bulk density of ρpb = 0.49 ± 0.16 g cm−3 for the innermost transiting planet AU Mic b. For the second known transiting planet, AU Mic c, we infer a radius of Rpc = 2.79 ± 0.18 R⊕, a mass of Mpc = 14.5 ± 3.4 M⊕, and a bulk density of ρpc = 3.90 ± 1.17 g cm−3. According to theoretical models, AU Mic b may harbour an H2 envelope larger than 5% by mass, with a fraction of rock and a fraction of water. AU Mic c could be made of rock and/or water and may have an H2 atmosphere comprising at most 5% of its mass. AU Mic b has retained most of its atmosphere but might lose it over tens of millions of years due to the strong stellar radiation, while AU Mic c likely suffers much less photo-evaporation because it lies at a larger separation from its host. Using all the datasets in hand, we determine a 3σ upper mass limit of Mp[d] sin i = 8.6 M⊕ for the AU Mic’d’ TTV-candidate. In addition, we do not confirm the recently proposed existence of the planet candidate AU Mic ’e’ with an orbital period of 33.4 days. We investigated the level of the radial velocity variations and show that it is lower at longer wavelength with smaller changes from one observational campaign to another.
Scaling up global kinetic models of pulsar magnetospheres using a hybrid force-free-PIC numerical approach
Authors: Soudais Adrien , Cerutti Benoît , Contopoulos Ioannis 
Published: July 2024

Context. The particle-in-cell approach has proven effective in modeling neutron-star and black-hole magnetospheres from first principles, but global simulations are plagued with an unrealistically small separation between the scales where microphysics operates and the system-size scales due to limited numerical resources. A legitimate concern is whether the scale separation achieved to date is large enough for results to be safely extrapolated to realistic scales.
Aims. In this work, our aim is to explore the effect of scaling up physical parameters and to check whether salient features uncovered by pure kinetic models at smaller scales are still valid, with a special emphasis on particle acceleration and high-energy radiation emitted beyond the light cylinder.
Methods. To reach this objective, we developed a new hybrid numerical scheme coupling the ideal force-free and the particle-in-cell methods to optimize the numerical cost of global models. We propose a domain decomposition of the magnetosphere based on the magnetic-field topology using the flux function. The force-free model is enforced along open field lines while the particle-in-cell model is restricted to the reconnecting field line region.
Results. As a proof of concept, this new hybrid model is applied to simulate a weak millisecond pulsar magnetosphere with realistic scales using high-resolution axisymmetric simulations. Magnetospheric features reported by previous kinetic models are recovered, and strong synchrotron radiation above 100MeV consistent with the Fermi-LAT gamma-ray pulsar population is successfully reproduced.
Conclusions.This work further consolidates the shining-reconnecting current sheet scenario as the origin of the gamma-ray emission in pulsars, as well as firmly establishing pulsar magnetospheres as at least teraelectronvolt particle accelerators.
Source regions of carbonaceous meteorites and near-Earth objects
Authors: Brož M. , Vernazza P. , Marsset M. , Binzel R. P. , DeMeo F. , Birlan M. , Colas F. , Anghel S. , Bouley S. , Blanpain C. , Gattacceca J. , Jeanne S. , Jorda L. , Lecubin J. , Malgoyre A. , Steinhausser A. , Vaubaillon J. , Zanda B. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The source regions of ordinary chondrites (~80% of all falls) and large S-type near-Earth objects (NEOs; ~30%) have recently been identified with three young asteroid families (Karin, Koronis, Massalia) being at the origin of most ordinary chondrite falls.
Aims. The present work is a continuation of our previous studies and aims to determine the source regions of the remaining meteorite and NEO classes, with an emphasis on carbonaceous chondrites (CM, CI, CO, CV, CK, CR, CH, CB, or C-ungrouped).
Methods. We studied 38 individual asteroid families, including young and old ones, and determined their contributions to the NEO populations at metre and kilometre sizes using collisional and orbital models. Our models are in agreement with spectroscopic observations of NEOs, cosmic-ray exposure ages of meteorites, statistics of bolides, infrared emission from dust bands, composition of interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), and abundance of extraterrestrial helium-3.
Results. We identified the Veritas, Polana, and Eos families as the primary sources of CM/CR, CI, and CO/CV/CK chondrites, respectively. Substantial contributions are also expected from CM-like König and CI-like Clarissa, Misa, and Hoffmeister families. The source regions of kilometre-sized bodies are generally different. The Adeona family is by far the main source of CM-like NEOs, whereas the Polana (low-i) and Euphrosyne (high-i) families are at the origin of most CI-like NEOs. The Polana family is the likely source of both Ryugu and Bennu. We were able to link spectroscopically and dynamically several NEOs to the Baptistina family. Finally, it appears that the pre-atmospheric flux of carbonaceous chondrites at metre sizes is about the same as that of ordinary chondrites. Given the difference in fall statistics between the two groups (80% versus 4.4%), this implies either substantial atmospheric fragmentation of carbonaceous bodies at the level of ~0.5 MPa or destruction by thermal cracking and water desorption.
Conclusions. The source regions of most meteorites and kilometre-sized NEOs have now been determined, including some minor classes such as enstatite chondrites and achondrites (Nysa, Hungaria), acapulcoites and lodranites (Iannini). Future work should focus on the few remaining classes (essentially, iron meteorites, pallasites, and ureilites).