bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory growth responses to food restriction in the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle, Chinemys reevesii
Authors: Xu Chunxia , Xu Wei , Lu Hongliang 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Juvenile Chinese three-keeled pond turtles (Chinemys reevesii) were subjected to one of four different feeding regimens: ad libitum (AL), restricted (R), ad libitum-restricted (AL-R), or restricted-ad libitum (R-AL) for 13 weeks, to assess the compensatory growth (CG) response to food restriction and subsequent re-alimentation. After switching to ad libitum feeding, the turtles in R-AL group ate more food and grew faster than those in other groups. At the end of the trial, R-AL turtles achieved the comparable body weight as AL turtles, indicating that a complete CG response occurred. Cumulative food consumption over the entire period did not differ between R-AL turtles and AL turtles. Experimental treatment affected carcass composition. Carcass lipid content of AL turtles was greater than that of R and AL-R turtles, with R-AL turtles in between. Carcass protein content of R-AL turtles was slightly greater than that of other groups without statistical differences. Stored lipids might be consumed firstly when animals underwent food restriction. Our results reconfirmed the CG of C. reevesii after food restriction. However, it is still difficult to achieve a reduction in the cost of farm-raised turtle production by adopting a restricted–satiation feeding protocol.
Sensitivity of a harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) to coherent visual motion in random dot displays
Authors: Weiffen Michael , Mauck Björn , Dehnhardt Guido , Hanke Frederike D 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Motion vision is one of the fundamental properties of the visual system and is involved in numerous tasks. Previous work has shown that harbor seals are able to perceive visual motion. Tying in with this experimental finding, we assessed the sensitivity of harbor seals to visual motion using random dot displays. In these random dot displays, either all or a percentage of the dots plotted in the display area move into one direction which is referred to as percent coherence. Using random dot displays allows determining motion sensitivity free from form or position cues. Moreover, when reducing the lifetime of the dots, the experimental subjects need to rely on the global motion over the display area instead of on local motion events, such as the streaks of single dots. For marine mammals, the interpretation of global motion stimuli seems important in the context of locomotion, orientation and foraging. The first experiment required the seal to detect coherent motion directed upwards in one out of two stimulus displays and psychophysical motion coherence detection thresholds were obtained ranging from 5% to 35% coherence. At the beginning of the second experiment, which was conducted to reduce the differential flickering of the motion stimulus as secondary cue, the seal was directly able to transfer from coherent motion detection to a discrimination of coherent motion direction, leftward versus rightward. The seal performed well even when the duration of the local motion event was extremely short in the last experiment, in which noise was programmed as random position noise. Its coherence threshold was determined at 23% coherence in this experiment. This motion sensitivity compares well to the performance of most species tested so far excluding monkeys, humans and cats. To conclude, harbor seals possess an effective global motion processing system. For seals, the interpretation of global and coherent motion might e. g. play a role in the interpretation of optic flow information or when breaking the camouflage of cryptic prey items.
Statistical design and optimization of single cell oil production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by an oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula sp. IIP-33 using response surface methodology
Authors: Bandhu Sheetal , Dasgupta Diptarka , Akhter Jawed , Kanaujia Pankaj , Suman Sunil K. , Agrawal Deepti , Kaul Savita , Adhikari Dilip K. , Ghosh Debashish 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Single cell oil production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate by oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula sp. IIP-33 was analyzed using a two stage statistical design approach based on Response Surface Methodology. Variables like pentose sugar, (NH4)2SO4, KH2PO4, yeast extract, pH and temperature were found to influence lipid production significantly. Under optimized condition in a shake flask, yield of lipid was 2.1199 g with fat coefficient of 7.09 which also resembled ~99% similarity to model predicted lipid production. In this paper we are presenting optimized results for production of non polar lipid which could be later deoxygenated into hydrocarbon. A qualitative analyses of selective lipid samples yielded a varying distribution of free acid ranging from C6 to C18, majoring C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 under different fermentation conditions.
The small molecule C-6 is selectively cytotoxic against breast cancer cells and its biological action is characterized by mitochondrial defects and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Vaden Rachel M , Gligorich Keith M , Jana Ranjan , Sigman Matthew S , Welm Bryan E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The establishment of drug resistance following treatment with chemotherapeutics is strongly associated with poor clinical outcome in patients, and drugs that target chemoresistant tumors have the potential to increase patient survival. In an effort to identify biological pathways of chemoresistant breast cancers that can be targeted therapeutically, a small molecule screen utilizing metastatic patient-derived breast cancer cells was conducted; from this previous report, the cytotoxic small molecule, C-6, was identified for its ability to selectively kill aggressive breast cancer cells in a caspase-independent manner. Here, we describe the cellular and molecular pathways induced following C-6 treatment in both normal and breast cancer cell lines.

Methods
Transcriptome analyses and protein expression experiments were used to measure endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress following C-6 treatment. Studies utilizing transmission electron microscopy and metabolomic profiling were conducted to characterize mitochondrial morphology and function in C-6-treated cells. Oxygen consumption rates and oxidative stress were also measured in breast cancer and normal mammary epithelial cells following treatment with the small molecule. Finally, structural modifications were made to the molecule and potency and cancer selectivity were evaluated.

Results
Treatment with C-6 resulted in ER stress in both breast cancer cells and normal mammary epithelial cells. Gross morphological defects were observed in the mitochondria and these aberrations were associated with metabolic imbalances and a diminished capacity for respiration. Following treatment with C-6, oxidative stress was observed in three breast cancer cell lines but not in normal mammary epithelial cells. Finally, synthetic modifications made to the small molecule resulted in the identification of the structural components that contribute to C-6’s cancer-selective phenotype.

Conclusions
The data reported here implicate mitochondrial and ER stress as a component of C-6’s biological activity and provide insight into non-apoptotic cell death mechanisms; targeting biological pathways that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress may offer new strategies for the development of therapeutics that are effective against chemoresistant breast cancers.
Applying a cumulative deficit model of frailty to dementia: progress and future challenges
Authors: Anstey Kaarin J , Dixon Roger A 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe article by Song and colleagues presents findings from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging showing that the accumulation of health deficits, defined dichotomously and unqualified by severity or domain, predicted late-life dementia independent of chronological age. We identify strengths of this model, and also areas for future research. Importantly, this article broadens the perspective of research into measuring risk of dementia from focusing on specific neuropathological markers of dementia subtypes, to mechanisms underlying more general bodily vitality and health, as well as dysfunctions in repair. This work places late-life dementia in a new context, influenced more broadly by health maintenance, and less by specific neurological disease. While useful at a global level, the lack of specificity of this approach may ultimately limit its application to individual patients because without linking risk to etiology, assessment does not indicate an intervention. Ultimately, the article has value for stimulating debate about approaches to risk identification and risk reduction, suggesting that the current focus on cardiometabolic risk factors may be too limited.
Light and anoxia fading of Prussian blue dyed textiles
Authors: Gervais Claire , Languille Marie-Angélique , Reguer Solenn , Garnier Chantal , Gillet Martine 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Although Prussian blue is a popular pigment, its stability has been questioned since its discovery in 1704. Its stability upon exposure to light and anoxia remains difficult to apprehend. The present paper focuses on the relative influences of light, anoxia and type of substrate on the discoloration of Prussian blue dyed textiles. Spectrophotometry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of samples artificially aged by light in air or anoxia show that both the extent of the reduction process at the origin of Prussian blue discoloration and the aging of the textile substrate are linked and strongly differ with the environment. The complex inter-relationship existing between Prussian blue discoloration and textile degradation and the final impact it may have on the conservation of the entire system is discussed.
DCMS: A data analytics and management system for molecular simulation
Authors: Kumar Anand , Grupcev Vladimir , Berrada Meryem , Fogarty Joseph C , Tu Yi-Cheng , Zhu Xingquan , Pandit Sagar A , Xia Yuni 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Molecular Simulation (MS) is a powerful tool for studying physical/chemical features of large systems and has seen applications in many scientific and engineering domains. During the simulation process, the experiments generate a very large number of atoms and intend to observe their spatial and temporal relationships for scientific analysis. The sheer data volumes and their intensive interactions impose significant challenges for data accessing, managing, and analysis. To date, existing MS software systems fall short on storage and handling of MS data, mainly because of the missing of a platform to support applications that involve intensive data access and analytical process. In this paper, we present the database-centric molecular simulation (DCMS) system our team developed in the past few years. The main idea behind DCMS is to store MS data in a relational database management system (DBMS) to take advantage of the declarative query interface (i.e., SQL), data access methods, query processing, and optimization mechanisms of modern DBMSs. A unique challenge is to handle the analytical queries that are often compute-intensive. For that, we developed novel indexing and query processing strategies (including algorithms running on modern co-processors) as integrated components of the DBMS. As a result, researchers can upload and analyze their data using efficient functions implemented inside the DBMS. Index structures are generated to store analysis results that may be interesting to other users, so that the results are readily available without duplicating the analysis. We have developed a prototype of DCMS based on the PostgreSQL system and experiments using real MS data and workload show that DCMS significantly outperforms existing MS software systems. We also used it as a platform to test other data management issues such as security and compression.
Shape of mole nose providing minimum axial resistance
Authors: Shen Yi , Hou Xuyan , Qin Yiwei , Jiang Shengyuan , Deng Zongquan 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Introduction
As a carrier of different sensors, moles can penetrate into the regolith automatically and keep investigating the subsurface environment continuously. In this section, features of several moles with different applications are introduced to explain why we choose a hammer-driven mole to study.

Mole driven by a hammer
In this section, the penetrating principle of a hammer-driven mole is illustrated and a circular arc shape for the front nose is proposed. Moreover, applying the penetrating principle, experiments of the mole with an arc-shaped nose are performed to observe the penetration phenomena in a simulated lunar regolith.

Mechanics analysis
According to soil mechanics theory, regions of soil failure are divided and a mechanics model is established between soil and mole with an arc-shaped nose. The work is done to get approximate axial resistance equations which are analyzed with the defined geometric parameters caliber-radius-head.

EDEM simulations
EDEM is leading global software based on discrete element method, whose main function is to analyze and observe the movement of particles. Lunar soil simulacrum is established to simulate axial resistance. Eventually, the theoretical results are validated by simulation.
Peptidylarginine deiminase inhibition impairs Toll-like receptor agonist-induced functional maturation of dendritic cells, resulting in the loss of T cell–proliferative capacity: a partial mechanism with therapeutic potential in inflammatory settings
Authors: Jang Byungki , Kim Ho Won , Kim Jong-Seok , Kim Woo Sik , Lee Bo Ryeong , Kim Sojeong , Kim Hongmin , Han Seung Jung , Ha Sang-Jun , Shin Sung Jae 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCl-amidine, which is a small-molecule inhibitor of PAD, has therapeutic potential for inflammation-mediated diseases. However, little is known regarding the manner by which PAD inhibition by Cl-amidine regulates inflammatory conditions. Here, we investigated the effects of PAD inhibition by Cl-amidine on the functioning of DCs, which are pivotal immune cells that mediate inflammatory diseases. When DC maturation was induced by TLR agonists, reduced cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12p70) were observed in Cl-amidine-treated DCs. Cl-amidine-treated, LPS-activated DCs exhibited alterations in their mature and functional statuses with up-regulated antigen uptake, down-regulated CD80, and MHC molecules. In addition, Cl-amidine-treated DCs dysregulated peptide-MHC class formations. Interestingly, the decreased cytokines were independent of MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways and transcription levels, indicating that PAD inhibition by Cl-amidine may be involved in post-transcriptional steps of cytokine production. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphotypical changes with reduced dendrites in the Cl-amidine-treated DCs, along with altered cellular compartments, including fragmented ERs and the formation of foamy vesicles. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo Cl-amidine treatments impaired the proliferation of nai¨ve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Overall, our findings suggest that Cl-amidine has therapeutic potential for treating inflammation-mediated diseases.
Distinct role of FoxO1 in M-CSF- and GM-CSF-differentiated macrophages contributes LPS-mediated IL-10: implication in hyperglycemia
Authors: Chung Sangwoon , Ranjan Ravi , Lee Yong Gyu , Park Gye Young , Karpurapu Manjula , Deng Jing , Xiao Lei , Kim Ji Young , Unterman Terry G , Christman John W 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of immune cells that are essential for the initiation and containment inflammation. There are 2 well-established populations of inflammatory macrophages: classically activated M1 and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. The FoxO family of transcription factors plays key roles in a number of cellular processes, including cell growth, metabolism, survival, and inflammation. In this study, we determined whether the expression of FoxO1 contributes polarization of macrophages toward the M2-like phenotype by enhancing IL-10 cytokine expression. We identified that FoxO1 is highly expressed in M-CSF-derived (M2-like) macrophage subsets, and this M2-like macrophages showed a preferential FoxO1 enrichment on the IL-10 promoter but not in GM-CSF-derived (M1-like) macrophages during classic activation by LPS treatment, which suggests that FoxO1 enhances IL-10 by binding directly to the IL-10 promoter, especially in BMMs. In addition, our data show that macrophages in the setting of hyperglycemia contribute to the macrophage-inflammatory phenotype through attenuation of the contribution of FoxO1 to activate IL-10 expression. Our data identify a novel role for FoxO1 in regulating IL-10 secretion during classic activation and highlight the potential for therapeutic interventions for chronic inflammatory conditions, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and arthritis.
Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase by Borrelia burgdorferi in human immune cells correlates with pathogenic potential
Authors: Love Andrea C , Schwartz Ira , Petzke Mary M 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterial agent of Lyme disease, induces the production of type I IFNs by human DCs through TLR7 and TLR9 signaling. This type I IFN response occurs in a genotype-dependent manner, with significantly higher levels of IFN-α elicited by B. burgdorferi strains that have a greater capacity for causing disseminated infection. A B. burgdorferi strain that was previously shown to induce IFN-α was found to elicit significantly higher levels of IDO1 protein and its downstream metabolite, kynurenine, compared with a B. burgdorferi mutant that lacks a single linear plasmid (lp36); this mutant is unable to induce IFN-α and is severely attenuated for infectivity in mice. Production of IDO by mDC and pDC populations, present within human PBMCs, was concomitant with increased expression of the DC maturation markers, CD83 and CCR7. The defects in IDO production and expression of CD83 and CCR7 could be restored by complementation of the mutant with lp36. Maximal IDO production in response to the wild-type strain was dependent on contributions by both type I IFN and IFN-γ, the type II IFN. Induction of IDO was mediated by the same TLR7-dependent recognition of B. burgdorferi RNA that contributes to the production of type I IFNs by human DCs. The ability of IFN-α-inducing B. burgdorferi strains to stimulate production of IDO and kynurenines may be a mechanism that is used by the pathogen to promote localized immunosuppression and facilitate hematogenous dissemination.
JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to inhibit diapedesis across the BBB of CD14+CD16+ monocytes in HIV-infected individuals
Authors: Williams Dionna W , Anastos Kathryn , Morgello Susan , Berman Joan W 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Monocyte transmigration across the BBB is a critical step in the development of cognitive deficits termed HAND that affect 40–70% of HIV-infected individuals, even with successful antiretroviral therapy. The monocyte subsets that enter the CNS during HIV infection are not fully characterized. We examined PBMC from HIV-positive individuals from 2 distinct cohorts and enumerated monocyte populations, characterized their transmigration properties across an in vitro human BBB model, and identified surface proteins critical for the entry of these cells into the CNS. We demonstrated that the frequency of peripheral blood CD14+CD16+ and CD14lowCD16+ monocytes was increased in HIV-seropositive compared with -seronegative individuals, despite virologic control. We showed that CD14+CD16+ monocytes selectively transmigrated across our BBB model as a result of their increased JAM-A and ALCAM expression. Antibody blocking of these proteins inhibited diapedesis of CD14+CD16+ monocytes but not of T cells from the same HIV-infected people across the BBB. Our data indicate that JAM-A and ALCAM are therapeutic targets to decrease the entry of CD14+CD16+ monocytes into the CNS of HIV-seropositive individuals, contributing to the eradication of neuroinflammation, HAND, and CNS viral reservoirs.
Involvement of the CX3CL1 (fractalkine)/CX3CR1 pathway in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Brissot Eolia , Bossard Celine , Malard Florent , Braudeau Ce´cile , Chevallier Patrice , Guillaume Thierry , Delaunay Jacques , Josien Re´gis , Gregoire Marc , Gaugler Beatrice , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This study investigated the role of cytokines and chemokines in aGVHD incidence and severity in 109 patients who underwent reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Among the 42 cytokines tested at d 0 HSCT, only CX3CL1 levels at d 0 HSCT were significantly associated with Grades II–IV aGVHD development (P = 0.04). Increased levels of CX3CL1 at d 20–30 and 50 post-HSCT were also significantly associated with aGVHD (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). No such association was found before the conditioning regimen or at d 100–120 post-HSCT. As the receptor for CX3CL1 is CX3CR1, the number of CX3CR1+ cells was determined by flow cytometry. The CX3CR1+CD8+ T cell proportion was significantly higher in patients with aGVHD than those without aGVHD (P = 0.01). To investigate the distribution of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the anatomic sites of aGVHD, CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 levels were studied by use of an in situ immunohistochemical analysis on GI biopsies of patients with intestinal aGVHD. CX3CL1 expression was increased significantly in the epithelial cells and mononuclear cells of the lamina propria. CX3CR1+ mononuclear cells were identified in close contact with epithelial cells. These findings strongly suggest the implication of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the pathogenesis of aGVHD.
Diagnostic Criteria for the Classification of Cancer-Associated Weight Loss
Authors: Martin Lisa , Senesse Pierre , Gioulbasanis Ioannis , Antoun Sami , Bozzetti Federico , Deans Chris , Strasser Florian , Thoresen Lene , Jagoe R. Thomas , Chasen Martin , Lundholm Kent , Bosaeus Ingvar , Fearon Kenneth H. , Baracos Vickie E. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Existing definitions of clinically important weight loss (WL) in patients with cancer are unclear and heterogeneous and do not consider current trends toward obesity. Methods Canadian and European patients with cancer (n = 8,160) formed a population-based data set. Body mass index (BMI) and percent WL (%WL) were recorded, and patients were observed prospectively until death. Data were entered into a multivariable analysis controlling for age, sex, cancer site, stage, and performance status. Relationships for BMI and %WL to overall survival were examined to develop a grading system. Results Mean overall %WL was −9.7% ± 8.4% and BMI was 24.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2, and both %WL and BMI independently predicted survival (P < .01). Differences in survival were observed across five categories of BMI (< 20.0, 20.0 to 21.9, 22.0 to 24.9, 25.0 to 27.9, and ≥ 28.0 kg/m2; P < .001) and five categories of %WL (−2.5% to −5.9%, −6.0% to −10.9%, −11.0% to −14.9%, ≥ −15.0%, and weight stable (± 2.4%); P < .001). A 5 × 5 matrix representing the five %WL categories within each of the five BMI categories was graded based on median survival and prognostic significance. Weight-stable patients with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 (grade 0) had the longest survival (20.9 months; 95% CI, 17.9 to 23.9 months), and %WL values associated with lowered categories of BMI were related to shorter survival (P < .001), as follows: grade 1, 14.6 months (95% CI, 12.9 to 16.2 months); grade 2, 10.8 months (95% CI, 9.7 to 11.9 months); grade 3, 7.6 months (95% CI, 7.0 to 8.2 months); and grade 4, 4.3 months (95% CI, 4.1 to 4.6 months). Survival discrimination by grade was observed within specific cancers, stages, ages, and performance status and in an independent validation sample (n = 2,963). Conclusion A robust grading system incorporating the independent prognostic significance of both BMI and %WL was developed.