bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slim planar composite antenna with two orthogonal polarisations for WLAN router applications
Authors: Sun Li , Zhang Guan‐xi , Sun Bao‐hua 
Published: August 2015

A slim planar composite antenna for WLAN router applications is presented. A J‐antenna and a dipole antenna are proposed as components antennas for the vertical and the horizontal polarisations, respectively. The arms of the dipole adopt a bent structure for size miniaturisation. For tuning the impedance matching, a matching stub is introduced working as a parallel inductor on the upper part of the dipole. The antenna is made by copper and fed by coaxial lines. The final antenna achieves two orthogonal polarisations with a low cross‐polarisation level <−18 dB, a return loss better than 10 dB, and port isolation in excess of 19.3 dB from 2.38 to 2.51 GHz, thus making it suitable for use in 2.45 GHz WLAN router polarisation diversity applications. The slim planar structure with 25.5 mm width and light weight makes it easy to install on WLAN routers.
Common γ-chain blocking peptide reduces in vitro immune activation markers in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Authors: Massoud Raya , Enose-Akahata Yoshimi , Tagaya Yutaka , Azimi Nazli , Basheer Asjad , Jacobson Steven 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceIL-2 and IL-15, members of the gamma chain family of cytokines, are prominently deregulated in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and underlie many of the characteristic immune abnormalities such as spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation, increased STAT5 phosphorylation in the lymphocytes, and increased frequency and cytotoxicity of virus-specific CD8+T lymphocytes (CTLs). In this in vitro study, we demonstrate that selective and simultaneous blockade of IL-2 and IL-15, with a γ-chain antagonistic peptide, reduces spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation (SP), STAT5 phosphorylation, and more important, the degranulation of CD8+T cells and the frequency of HTLV-1-specific CTLs. Thus, selective cytokine blockade with antagonistic peptides might be a therapeutic approach in HAM/TSP and is potentially applicable to multiple other conditions in which cytokines are pathogenic.
Brain system for mental orientation in space, time, and person
Authors: Peer Michael , Salomon Roy , Goldberg Ilan , Blanke Olaf , Arzy Shahar 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Processing of spatial, temporal, and social relations relies on mental cognitive maps, on which the behaving self is oriented relative to different places, events, and people. Using high-resolution functional MRI scanning in individual subjects, we show that mental orientation in space, time, and person produces a sequential posterior–anterior pattern of activity in each participant’s brain. These activations are adjacent and partially overlapping, highlighting the relation between mental orientation in these domains. Furthermore, the activity is highly overlapping with the brain’s default-mode network, a system involved in self-referential processing. These findings may shed new light on fundamental cognitive processing of space, time, and person and alter our understanding of disorientation phenomena in neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
Confronting and resolving competing values behind conservation objectives
Authors: Karp Daniel S. , Mendenhall Chase D. , Callaway Elizabeth , Frishkoff Luke O. , Kareiva Peter M. , Ehrlich Paul R. , Daily Gretchen C. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Conservationists have become embroiled in debates over different motivations for conserving nature. One path forward is to acknowledge that nature is valued for many reasons and that managing for one objective can fail to achieve others. We categorize conservation objectives and provide a framework for comparing trade-offs between alternative strategies for conserving Costa Rican birds. Specifically, we focus on mitigating species extinction risk, preventing population extirpations, restoring historic assemblages, and conserving evolutionarily unique, culturally significant, and ecosystem-service providing species. Our approach pinpoints strategies for resolving trade-offs and achieving multiple conservation objectives; for example, by maintaining forest cover surrounding tropical farms. These insights demonstrate the advances needed in conservation strategy to design multifunctional interventions.
An empirical model of the Baltic Sea reveals the importance of social dynamics for ecological regime shifts
Authors: Lade Steven J. , Niiranen Susa , Hentati-Sundberg Jonas , Blenckner Thorsten , Boonstra Wiebren J. , Orach Kirill , Quaas Martin F. , Österblom Henrik , Schlüter Maja 
Published: August 2015

Significance
“Natural resource management is people management” is a cliché, but the effects of human behavior on the condition of natural resources, and vice versa, are often still not sufficiently acknowledged when modeling and managing natural resources. We constructed an empirically parameterized model of the boom and collapse of Baltic cod fisheries in the 1980s that explicitly took these two-way interactions between human action and ecological dynamics into account. We used novel methods of analysis based on generalized modeling to demonstrate how the interplay of social and ecological processes can be critically important for understanding and managing the dynamics of cod stocks and fisher welfare in the Baltic, as well as ecosystems and human well-being in general.
Mechanobiological oscillators control lymph flow
Authors: Kunert Christian , Baish James W. , Liao Shan , Padera Timothy P. , Munn Lance L. 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceDysfunction of lymphatic drainage results in significant morbidity in millions of patients each year, and there are currently no pharmacological treatments available. Because a mechanistic understanding of lymphatic control has been elusive, it has not been possible to develop effective, targeted therapies to alleviate lymphedema or facilitate immune cell trafficking in lymphatic pathologies. Here, we show that complementary biological oscillators control lymphatic transport, driven by mechanosensitive calcium and nitric oxide (NO) dynamics. The mechanism shows fascinating adaptability and autoregulation, inducing active pumping of the lymphatic vessels when gravity opposes flow, but vessel relaxation when pressures are able to drive flow passively.
Electrocorticography reveals the temporal dynamics of posterior parietal cortical activity during recognition memory decisions
Authors: Gonzalez Alex , Hutchinson J. Benjamin , Uncapher Melina R. , Chen Janice , LaRocque Karen F. , Foster Brett L. , Rangarajan Vinitha , Parvizi Josef , Wagner Anthony D. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Over the past decade, human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) has been unexpectedly implicated in remembering and memory-related decision making. Functional neuroimaging indicates that memory-related responses differ across PPC, and patients with PPC lesions show subtle to significant changes in memory behavior. These surprising observations have motivated novel theorizing, yet current understanding of PPC contributions to memory is limited by the absence of temporal information about activity in PPC subregions as retrieval decisions unfold. In this study, recordings from the human brain show for the first time that distinct temporal and functional profiles of activity are present in PPC subregions as participants make recognition memory decisions. These new findings inform theories of parietal functional contributions to memory, decision making, and attention.
The party’s over?
Authors: Wee Lionel 
Published: August 2015

This paper highlights the dynamic nature of the relationship between government and society, drawing on as a case study the changing relationship between the Singapore government and the citizenry. I discuss the conditions under which the People’s Action Party is under pressure to change its style of government,. Following on from this discussion, I make two key points. One, concepts such as habitus and act (Isin 2008) have been employed to elucidate the nature of citizenship. But they are also relevant to our understanding of government.
Two, the distinction between act and habitus, at least as articulated by Isin (2008), confuses two ontologically distinct entitiies: a disposition to act, and the action itself. I suggest that this confusion arises in part from Isin’s failure to examine carefully the communicative modes of engagement between the government and the citizenry.
Optimal Point Process Filtering and Estimation of the Coalescent Process
Authors: Parag Kris V , Pybus Oliver G 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe coalescent process is an important and widely used model for inferring the dynamics of biological populations from samples of genetic diversity. Coalescent analysis typically involves applying statistical methods to either samples of genetic sequences or an estimated genealogy in order to estimate the demographic history of the population from which the samples originated. Several parametric and non-parametric estimation techniques, employing diverse methods, such as Gaussian processes and Monte Carlo particle filtering, already exist. However, these techniques often trade estimation accuracy and sophistication for methodological flexibility and ease of use. Thus, there is room for new coalescent estimation techniques that can be easily implemented for a range of inference problems while still maintaining some sense of statistical optimality.Here we introduce the Bayesian Snyder filter as a natural, easily implementable and flexible minimum mean square error estimator for parametric demographic functions. By reinterpreting the coalescent as a self-correcting inhomogeneous Poisson process, we show that the Snyder filter can be applied to both isochronous (sampled at one time point) and heterochronous (serially sampled) estimation problems. We test the estimation performance of the filter on both standard, simulated demographic models and on a well-studied empirical dataset comprising hepatitis= C virus sequences from Egypt. Additionally, we provide some analytical insight into the relationship between the Snyder filter and popular maximum likelihood and skyline plot techniques for coalescent inference. The Snyder filter is an exact and direct Bayesian estimation method that provides optimal mean square error estimates. It has the potential to become as a useful, alternative technique for coalescent inference.
Thevgll3locus controls age at maturity in wild and domesticated Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) males
Authors: Ayllon Fernando , Kjærner-Semb Erik , Furmanek Tomasz , Wennevik Vidar , Solberg Monica F , Dahle Geir , Taranger Geir Lasse , Glover Kevin A , Almén Markus Sällman , Rubin Carl J , Edvardsen Rolf B , Wargelius Anna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWild and domesticated Atlantic salmon males display large variation for sea age at sexual maturation, which varies between 1-5 years. Previous studies have uncovered a genetic predisposition for age at maturity with moderate heritability, thus suggesting a polygenic or complex nature of this trait. The aim of this study was to identify associated genetic loci, genes and ultimately specific sequence variants conferring sea age at maturity in salmon. We performed a GWAS using a pool sequencing approach (20 individuals per river and trait) of salmon returning to rivers as sexually mature either after one sea winter (2009) or three sea winters (2011) in six rivers in Norway. The study revealed one major selective sweep, which covered 76 significant SNP in which 74 were found in a 370 kb region of chromosome 25. Genotyping other smolt year classes of wild salmon and domesticated salmon confirmed this finding. Genotyping domesticated fish narrowed the haplotype region to four SNPs covering 2386 bp, containing thevgll3gene, including two missense mutations explaining 33-36% phenotypic variation. This study demonstrates a single locus playing a highly significant role in governing sea age at maturation in this species. The SNPs identified may be both used as markers to guide breeding for late maturity in salmon aquaculture and in monitoring programs of wild salmon. Interestingly, a SNP in proximity of theVGLL3gene in human (Homo sapiens), has previously been linked to age at puberty suggesting a conserved mechanism for timing of puberty in vertebrates.Author summaryFor most species the factors that contribute to the genetic predisposition for age at maturity are currently unknown. In salmon aquaculture early maturation is negative for the growth, disease resistance and flesh quality. In addition, using populations of salmon selected to mature late may limit the genetic impact of aquaculture escapees, as these late maturing fish are more likely to die before they reach maturity. The aim of this study was to elucidate the genetic predisposition for salmon maturation. We determined the sequences of genomes from Atlantic salmon maturing early and late in six Norwegian rivers. This methodology enabled us to identify a short genomic region involved in determining the age at maturity in Atlantic salmon. This region has also previously been linked to time of puberty in humans – supporting a general mechanism behind age at maturity in vertebrates. The results of this study may be used to breed salmon that are genetically predisposed to mature late which will improve welfare and production in aquaculture industry and aid in the management of escaped farmed salmon.
The influence of temperature on the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in acidic lignin
Authors: Yahya Solhan , Othman Norinsan Kamil , Daud Abdul Razak , Jalar Azman , Ismail Roslina 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to investigate the influence of temperature and lignin concentration on the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion in 1 M HCl.Design/methodology/approach– Weight loss corrosion tests were performed at different temperatures in the range of 30-70°C (303-343 K).Findings– It was found that the corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of lignin on the carbon steel decreased when the temperature was increased from 60 to 70°C. However, at lower temperatures ranging from 30 to 50°C, the IE improved, due to occurrence of lignin adsorption on the surface of metal specimens. The IE was higher with increasing lignin concentration, thus reducing the weight loss of the carbon steel. The adsorption phenomenon involved exothermic processes because the value of enthalpy of adsorption (ΔH°ads) < 0 and Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔG°ads) were less negative with increase in temperature. The entropy of adsorption (ΔS°ads) had negative values, representing the decrease in disorder of adsorption. The adsorption of lignin on the carbon steel surface in 1 M HCl was comprehensive, as deduced from kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. However, physisorption was the major contributor in the inhibition mechanism. The inhibitive features of carbon steel surfaces showed less damage once the steel was treated in lignin, as evident from macroscopy images.Practical implications– The use of lignin as an acid corrosion inhibitor at high temperature is practical in metal surface treatment process.Social implications– The use of organic compounds gives an advantage to the environment, universal health and save cost, as the compounds can be found in nature.Originality/value– Lignin can act as a flexible corrosion inhibitor within the temperature range of 30-70°C in 1 M HCl because it exhibits comprehensive adsorption (i.e. a combination of both physisorption and chemisorption) at specific concentrations.
Effects of SO42− concentration on corrosion behaviour of carbon steels
Authors: Zhu Zhiping , Jiao Xiaocui , Tang Xueying , Lu Haiwei 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of SO42− concentration on the corrosion behaviour of T23 and T12 steels in simulated water chemistry condition solution of 600 MW fossil-fired power boilers.

Design/methodology/approach
– The influence and mechanism of SO42− ions on the pitting corrosion of T23 and T12 steels in simulated oxygenated treatment water chemistry solution was studied using electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Findings
– The results showed that T23 and T12 were susceptible to pitting corrosion in the simulated solution with full SO42− concentration for the competitive adsorption of OH− and SO42− on the surface of steels. The pitting sensitivity of the steels improved with increasing SO42− concentration. The corrosion resistance for SO42− of T23 was stronger than that for T12.

Originality/value
– This study is an attempt to provide direction for regulating the concentration of SO42− in boiler water and for selecting the material for boiler water wall tubes.
Corrosion protective performance of epoxy-amino branched polydimethylsiloxane hybrid coatings on carbon steel
Authors: Suleiman Rami Mohammad 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to prepare a hybrid organic/inorganic coating with interesting barrier properties against the corrosion of plain carbon steel sheets in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution. The search for replacing chromates in protective coatings has led to the development of hybrid sol-gel anticorrosive coatings. Appropriate functionalization can dramatically enhance the chemical durability and mechanical strength of these coatings.

Design/methodology/approach
– To prepare the targeted coating, 1,2-epoxybutane (EB) was mixed with 2 to 4 per cent aminoethylaminopropyl-methylsiloxane dimethylsiloxane (APDMS) copolymer and 1,6-diaminohexane. The above coating (EBAC) has been further mixed with three different corrosion inhibitors “Moly-white® 101-ED, Heucophos Zapp® and cerium ammonium nitrate”, yielding the coatings EBAC-M, EBAC-Z and EBAC-Ce, respectively. The corrosion characteristics of all coatings on the steel panels immersed in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution were obtained using different electrochemical methods such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopic and Tafel polarization measurements.

Findings
– The newly prepared coatings showed interesting protection properties for protecting the steel substrate against corrosion in chloride-containing media.

Originality/value
– The results provide a good approach for the modification of polydimethylsiloxane coatings using a simple organic modifier.
An ontology-supported asset information integrator system in infrastructure management
Authors: Zeb Jehan , Froese Thomas , Vanier Dana 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop and apply an ontology-supported asset information integrator system (AIIS) in the domain of infrastructure management. The two objectives are: first, to describe how different ontologies developed as part of this research support the design of message templates (MTs) that were implemented in the AIIS; and second, to explain the development and application of the prototype system for tangible capital asset (TCA) reporting.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed system was developed in the MS SharePoint platform using a four-step methodology: create a web site and library; review and modify MTs; design and configure workflows; and add functionalities.

Findings
– First, the architecture, methodology, and evaluation of the two ontologies: Transaction Domain Ontology and Tangible Capital Asset Ontology, developed as part of this research work were briefly introduced to describe how both the ontologies supported the design of MTs that were implemented in the AIIS. Second, the AIIS was successfully developed and applied in the domain of infrastructure management for the Asset Inventory and Condition Assessment Reporting.

Practical implications
– The development of the AIIS would enable industry experts to exchange the tangible capital information. The built-in search engine and history services would help the experts to search a transaction and track the transaction history. The real-time visualisation of the data would help in decision making.

Originality/value
– Infrastructure agencies use diversified information systems to manage infrastructure systems. Due to propriety nature of the information systems, the TCA data generated is heterogeneous and inconsistent, which make it difficult to exchange with other organisations. Also, the existing applications focus on processing and managing the TCA data for a variety of tasks; however, lack to support data exchange with other organisations. This emphasises the gap that requires the development of an ontology-supported collaboration system in the domain of infrastructure asset management.
Post conflict housing reconstruction
Authors: Seneviratne Krisanthi , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Haigh Richard 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– Despite the role of post conflict housing reconstruction in establishing the development of peace in conflict affected countries, there are many issues which hinder its success. While the inconsideration of housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction has directly or indirectly given rise for most of the issues, the countries emerging from conflicts face many challenges in addressing such housing needs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the management of housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction. This paper aims to focus on identifying the challenges in addressing housing needs within the context of post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study used the grounded theory approach to collect and analyse the data collected through 37 in-depth interviews, conducted with policy makers, practitioners, academics and housing beneficiaries in Sri Lanka. Primary data were verified through a documents review.

Findings
– The paper reveals that addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction in Sri Lanka is challenging, due to several factors. These include the socio economic profile of conflict affected people, conflict sensitive issues, donor requirements, limited availability of finance, weakened government administration, extent of housing and infrastructure damage, attitudes of affected people, land-related issues and shortage of labour and material.

Originality/value
– A number of studies have identified the challenges of post conflict reconstruction. This study particularly identifies the challenges of addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction. These findings are useful for policy makers to develop strategies in addressing housing needs in post conflict housing reconstruction.