bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser‐doped solar cells exceeding 18% efficiency on large‐area commercial‐grade multicrystalline silicon substrates
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Wenjing , Zhou Chunlan , Song Yang , Duan Ye , Li Youzhong 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTLarge‐area multicrystalline silicon solar cells fabrication by laser doping is studied in this paper. The liquid dopant solution is sprayed onto the SiNx:H film to act as dopant source. Laser doping is performed to locally melt silicon substrates, and phosphorus dopant atoms are incorporated into the liquid silicon by liquid‐phase diffusion to form a selective emitter. Light‐induced plating is carried out for front side metallization. The influences of laser energy density and pulse overlap on electrical performance of large‐area multicrystalline silicon solar cells are obtained. The laser energy density and pulse overlap are optimized in consideration of sufficient built‐in voltage and small‐scale laser‐induced damage. The typical spectral response for large‐area multicrystalline silicon solar cells by laser doping is presented. The typical efficiency distribution for 1‐day production of the 10 MW production line shows the overall average efficiency above 18% on large‐area commercial‐grade multicrystalline silicon substrates for the 4 months of operation, confirming the potential for transferring high‐efficiency selective emitter silicon solar cells by laser doping into a production line. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fast and reliable calculation of the two‐diode model without simplifications
Authors: Suckow Stephan , Pletzer Tobias M. , Kurz Heinrich 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAn algorithm to calculate the current in the two‐diode equivalent circuit of a solar cell is described and characterized in detail. It enables fitting measured current–voltage characteristics with hundreds of voltage points and six fit parameters at practically instantaneous speeds and can handle thousands of voltage points within a few seconds, without simplifications of the two‐diode model. This performance enables routine two‐diode model parameter extraction at in‐line speeds, which may help to enhance cell characterization for module integration. The source code is publicly available. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for distress, the sixth vital sign, in lung cancer patients: effects on pain, fatigue, and common problems—secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Carlson Linda E. , Waller Amy , Groff Shannon L. , Bultz Barry D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis randomized controlled trial examined the impact of an online routine screening for distress program on physical symptoms and common psychosocial and practical problems in lung cancer outpatients.MethodPatients were randomly assigned to either the minimal screening group (the Distress Thermometer plus usual care); full screening group (Distress Thermometer, Canadian Problem Checklist (CPC), Pain Thermometer, Fatigue Thermometer, and the Psychological Screen for Cancer Part C, with a personalized report summarizing concerns); or triage (full screening plus option of personalized phone triage). Outcomes included pain, fatigue and psychosocial, practical and physical problems. Patients were reassessed 3 months later.ResultsA total of 549 lung patients completed baseline measures (89% of eligible patients) and 65.9% were retained at 3 months. At 3 months follow‐up, significantly fewer patients in the triage group (32.1%) reported pain compared with the minimal screening group (49.6%), but the triage and full screening groups were not significantly different from one another. Patients in the triage group reported fewer problems with coping compared with the minimal and full screening groups and fewer problems with family conflict compared with the minimal screening group. Full screening patients reported fewer problems with breathlessness compared with the minimal screening group. No differences were found among groups in fatigue. Referrals were not associated with changes in outcomes over time.ConclusionsRoutine screening for distress followed by personalized triage resulted in the most benefit for lung patients, with fewer fully screened and triaged patients reporting physical symptoms and psychosocial problems than those only minimally screened. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Festival food coma in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Pandit Chetan , Graham Christie , Selvadurai Hiran , Gaskin Kevin , Cooper Peter , van Asperen Peter 
Published: November 2012

AbstractChildren with cystic fibrosis liver disease and portal hypertension are at risk of developing acute hepatic encephalopathy. Even in the presence of normal synthetic liver function these children may have porto‐systemic shunting. We report a case of an adolosecent who had cystic fibrosis liver disease and presented with life threatening hepatinc encephalopathy. This case illustrates that it is necessary to consider an appropriate dietary regimen in adolosecents with liver disease to prevent hepatic decompensation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:725–727. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are Fear Avoidance Beliefs Associated with Abdominal Muscle Activation Outcome for Patients with Low Back Pain?
Authors: Unsgaard‐Tøndel Monica , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Magnussen Jon , Vasseljen Ottar 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground and PurposeActivation of transversus abdominis and fear avoidance beliefs have both been related to low back pain (LBP). This exploratory study aims to investigate associations between fear avoidance beliefs at baseline and deep abdominal muscle activation after an 8‐week period of supervised exercises for chronic LBP.MethodsA cohort of patients with chronic non‐specific LBP (N = 108) enrolled in a clinical trial was studied longitudinally. Fear avoidance beliefs for physical activity and work were measured before intervention. Activation in transversus abdominis and obliquus internus abdominis during abdominal drawing‐in manoeuvre and rapid arm flexion was measured by ultrasound before and after intervention. Associations between baseline fear avoidance beliefs and deep abdominal muscle activation after exercises were analysed with multiple linear regression methods.ResultsHigh fear avoidance beliefs for physical activity (≥16 on the subscale) were negatively associated with transversus abdominis slide after the intervention period, β = −4.92 (−8.40 to −1.45). There were no associations between fear avoidance beliefs for physical activity and abdominal muscle onset, transversus abdominis or obliquus internus contraction ratio. Fear avoidance beliefs for work were not associated with any of the muscle activation parameters.ConclusionThis study suggests that there is some negative association between fear avoidance beliefs for physical activity before intervention and transversus abdominis recruitment measured by lateral slide after intervention. No other significant associations between fear avoidance beliefs and abdominal muscle activation were found. We cannot exclude random findings, meaning that the results should be considered hypothesis generating for further investigations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards the control of the diameter of individualized single walled carbon nanotubes in CVD process at low temperature
Authors: Tsareva Svetlana , Devaux Xavier , Dossot Manuel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the current work, we show that it is possible to favor the selective growth of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with a narrow diameter distribution on supported catalyst particles with a broad size distribution. Carbon nanotubes were grown at 600 °C on silicon substrates. The structure of carbon deposits was controlled by managing the carbon feedstock for adjusting the rate of carbon nanostructures formation on the surface of catalyst particles. Either carbon nanofibers (CNFs) carpets or isolated SWCNTs were obtained. With the fine tune of carbon feedstock, small isolated SWCNTs with a narrow diameter distribution were obtained by limiting the catalytic activity of the largest catalyst particles. HRTEM observations of nanotube embryos have suggested a possible mechanism of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) formation that can explain why the growth of MWCNTs with parallel walls seems to be more difficult than SWCNTs or CNFs at low temperature.
Optical spectroscopy of iodine‐doped single‐wall carbon nanotubes of different diameter
Authors: Tonkikh Alexander A. , Obraztsova Elena D. , Obraztsova Ekaterina A. , Belkin Alexey V. , Pozharov Anatolii S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSingle‐wall carbon nanotubes with polyiodide chains inside are interesting from two points of view. According to predictions, first, the iodine structure type inside the nanotube is determined by the nanotube geometry. Second, after iodination all nanotubes become metallic. In this work, we made an attempt to check both predictions. To study the diameter‐dependent properties we have taken for a gas‐phase iodination the pristine single‐wall carbon nanotubes grown by three different techniques providing a different average diameter: a chemical vapor deposition with a Co/Mo catalyst (CoMoCat) with a diameter range (0.6–1.3) nm, a high‐pressure CO decomposition (HiPCO) – a diameter range (0.8–1.5) nm, and an aerosol technique with Fe catalyst – a diameter range (1.3–2.0) nm. The Raman spectra have shown a complication of the polyiodide chain structure while the nanotube diameter increased. The optical spectroscopy data (a suppression of E11 band in the UV–Vis–NIR absorption spectrum) have confirmed the theoretical prediction about transformation of all nanotubes into metallic phase after doping. magnified image
Hydrodynamic structure factor for two‐dimensional decagonal quasicrystals
Authors: Chatzopoulos Andreas , Trebin Hans‐Rainer , Ishii Yasushi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe dynamic and static structure factors for two‐dimensional decagonal quasicrystals (QCs) are calculated based on the hydrodynamic model. Explicit formulae with algebraic decay, which is characteristic in lower dimensions, are obtained. The sound‐wave and diffusive‐mode contributions are analyzed separately. It is shown that the phonon–phason coupling yields the characteristic anisotropy in the structure factors. If one assumes the phasonic diffusion constant of the order of magnitude typical for metallic QCs, however, the phasonic contribution is expected only at very small frequencies and hence more likely to be observed in the time domain than in the frequency domain.
A framework for reusing systems engineering products
Authors: Fortune Jared , Valerdi Ricardo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAs budgetary pressure on large complex systems continues to increase, the interest in reusing systems engineering products is emerging. Reuse is the idea of leveraging previously developed products (i.e., hardware, software, designs, outcomes of a process) into a new application for purposes of improving project attributes such as quality, cost, schedule, or risk. While reuse is well documented and commonly practiced in the domains of software and product–line development, limited research has been performed on the (deliberate or accidental) reuse of systems engineering products. This paper classifies such products as those generated as outputs of both the systems engineering process, including architecture elements, requirements, test plans, and interface specifications, as well as the overall system design process. Through reuse, systems engineers may not need to repeat certain development activities associated with these products, potentially reducing effort, or obtaining schedule/risk benefits through the utilization of heritage products. To begin addressing the topic of reuse from a systems engineering perspective, this paper presents a generalized framework for the reuse of systems engineering products; documenting the key considerations, activities, and resources necessary for effective reuse. Building on insight from systems engineering practitioners and previous work by the authors on systems engineering cost estimation, the framework is intended to serve as a tool for planning, executing, and managing reuse activities, as well as identifying reuse opportunities. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals. Inc. Syst Eng 16:
Using model‐based systems engineering as a framework for improving test and evaluation activities
Authors: Bjorkman Eileen A. , Sarkani Shahram , Mazzuchi Thomas A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractModel‐based systems engineering (MBSE) approaches are based on a paradigm shift from document‐centric engineering to model‐based engineering. Although MBSE methods are intended to apply across the entire system life cycle, one area that has not received much attention to date is the role of test and evaluation. Test and evaluation activities provide information that reduces the uncertainty about system performance, effectiveness, and suitability. This uncertainty reduction becomes particularly important within the context of defense systems, which can cost billions of dollars. This paper describes a methodology that uses an MBSE framework and Monte Carlo simulation to define uncertainty reduction goals for test planners to use in developing test strategies and detailed test designs for evaluating technical performance parameters. As tests are completed, physical models can be updated with test data and additional analyses conducted with combat models to determine if the system meets user requirements. The methodology is demonstrated through a simple case study involving a series of tests to predict the landing performance of an aircraft. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16:
Colectomy in Intensive Care Patients: Operative Findings and Outcomes
Authors: Sipola Seija , Syrjälä Hannu , Koivukangas Vesa , Laurila Jouko J. , Karttunen Tuomo , Ohtonen Pasi , Saarnio Juha , Ala‐Kokko Tero I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundWith a critical illness, intestinal complications are associated with high morbidity and mortality.MethodsOperative findings and outcomes of 77 intensive care unit (ICU) patients treated with colectomy are described.ResultsThree conditions led to colectomy: sepsis (S group; n = 31), fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis (Cl group; n = 25), and cardiovascular surgery (CV group; n = 21). The median Acute Physiology and Chronic Health score was >25 in all groups. Thickening and distension of the colon was more frequent in the Cl group (p = 0.001), and ischemia was more frequent in the S and CV groups (p < 0.001). Widespread necrosis was more frequent in the CV patients (p = 0.001). The kappa value for ischemic operative findings and histologic necrosis was 0.64 (95 % confidence interval 0.49–0.79). Hospital mortality was 35 % without multiple organ failure (MOF) (n = 31) and 74 % with MOF (n = 46) (p < 0.001). Overall, 38 % were alive at the 1‐year follow‐up.ConclusionsAlthough colectomy in ICU patients is associated with high hospital mortality, patients who survive beyond their hospital stay have a good 1‐year outcome
POST-COLONIAL HISTORIES OF SEXUALITY: THE POLITICAL INVENTION OF A LIBIDINAL AFRICAN STRAIGHT
Authors: Ndjio Basile 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study addresses the problem of sexuality and ideology in relation to (pan)-Africanist doctrines that have been instrumental in the effort of post-colonial African elites to constitute an exclusive African sexual selfhood. The focus is on their efforts to ‘Africanize’ the sexuality of the masses in a global context that dramatizes the uncontrolled flow of sexual desires, and favours the emergence of new forms of sexual expressions and practices that destabilize the post-colonial sexual order. The leading question informing this study is how a hegemonic heterosexual identity has come to be internalized in post-colonial Africa, and how both men and women have come to believe that to be ‘good’ citizens or ‘real’ Africans they have to become repressed subjects who not only limit their sexuality solely to heterosexual desires, but also have a natural aversion to other forms of sexuality such as same-sex relations. My main argument is that in most African countries, and specifically in Cameroon, both the edification of a phallocratico-patriarchal society and the political invention of the sublimated Muntu, the so-called libidinal African straight, went along with the suppression, annihilation or negation of gays and lesbians, generally misrepresented as deracinated Africans and dangerous ‘witch-others’.
ON CENTRALISERS AND NORMALISERS FOR GROUPS
Authors: ŠIROLA BORIS 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet 𝕂 be a field, char(𝕂)≠2, and G a subgroup of GL(n,𝕂). Suppose g↦g♯ is a 𝕂-linear antiautomorphism of G, and then define G1={g∈G∣g♯g=I}. For C being the centraliser 𝒞G (G1) , or any subgroup of the centre 𝒵(G) , define G(C) ={g∈G∣g♯g∈C}. We show that G(C) is a subgroup of G, and study its structure. When C=𝒞G (G1) , we have that G(C) =𝒩G (G1) , the normaliser of G1 in G. Suppose 𝕂 is algebraically closed, 𝒞G (G1) consists of scalar matrices and G1 is a connected subgroup of an affine group G. Under the latter assumptions, 𝒩G (G1) is a self-normalising subgroup of G. This holds for a number of interesting pairs (G,G1); in particular, for those that we call parabolic pairs. As well, for a certain specific setting we generalise a standard result about centres of Borel subgroups.
Nonlinear translational symmetric equilibria relevant to the L–H transition
Authors: KUIROUKIDIS Ap. , THROUMOULOPOULOS G. N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractNonlinear z-independent solutions to a generalized Grad–Shafranov equation (GSE) with up to quartic flux terms in the free functions and incompressible plasma flow non-parallel to the magnetic field are constructed quasi-analytically. Through an ansatz, the GSE is transformed to a set of three ordinary differential equations and a constraint for three functions of the coordinate x, in Cartesian coordinates (x,y), which then are solved numerically. Equilibrium configurations for certain values of the integration constants are displayed. Examination of their characteristics in connection with the impact of nonlinearity and sheared flow indicates that these equilibria are consistent with the L–H transition phenomenology. For flows parallel to the magnetic field, one equilibrium corresponding to the H state is potentially stable in the sense that a sufficient condition for linear stability is satisfied in an appreciable part of the plasma while another solution corresponding to the L state does not satisfy the condition. The results indicate that the sheared flow in conjunction with the equilibrium nonlinearity plays a stabilizing role.
Intranasal oxytocin increases covert attention to positive social cues
Authors: Domes G. , Sibold M. , Schulze L. , Lischke A. , Herpertz S. C. , Heinrichs M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThe neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) has positive effects on the processing of emotional stimuli such as facial expressions. To date, research has focused primarily on conditions of overt visual attention.MethodWe investigated whether a single intranasal dose of OT (24 IU) would modulate the allocation of attentional resources towards positive and negative facial expressions using a dot-probe paradigm in a sample of 69 healthy men. Attentional capacity for these facial cues was limited by presentation time (100 or 500 ms). In addition, we controlled for overt visual attention by recording eye movements using a remote eye tracker.ResultsReaction times (RTs) in the dot-probe paradigm revealed a pronounced shift of attention towards happy facial expressions presented for 100 ms after OT administration, whereas there were no OT-induced effects for longer presentation times (500 ms). The results could not be attributed to modulations of overt visual attention as no substance effects on gazes towards the facial target were observed.ConclusionsThe results suggest that OT increased covert attention to happy faces, thereby supporting the hypothesis that OT modulates early attentional processes that might promote prosocial behavior.
A review of machine learning for automated planning
Authors: Jiménez Sergio , De La Rosa Tomás , Fernández Susana , Fernández Fernando , Borrajo Daniel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent discoveries in automated planning are broadening the scope of planners, from toy problems to real applications. However, applying automated planners to real-world problems is far from simple. On the one hand, the definition of accurate action models for planning is still a bottleneck. On the other hand, off-the-shelf planners fail to scale-up and to provide good solutions in many domains. In these problematic domains, planners can exploit domain-specific control knowledge to improve their performance in terms of both speed and quality of the solutions. However, manual definition of control knowledge is quite difficult. This paper reviews recent techniques in machine learning for the automatic definition of planning knowledge. It has been organized according to the target of the learning process: automatic definition of planning action models and automatic definition of planning control knowledge. In addition, the paper reviews the advances in the related field of reinforcement learning.
Low-level processing deficits underlying poor contrast sensitivity for moving plaids in anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: TANG YONG , CHEN LINYI , LIU ZHONGJIAN , LIU CAIYUAN , ZHOU YIFENG 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMany studies using random dot kinematograms have indicated a global motion processing deficit originated from extrastriate cortex, specifically middle temporal area (MT) and media superior temporal area (MST), in patients with amblyopia. However, the nature of this deficit remains unclear. To explore whether the ability of motion integration is impaired in amblyopia, contrast sensitivity for moving plaids and their corresponding component gratings were measured over a range of stimulus durations and spatial and temporal frequencies in 10 control subjects and 13 anisometropic amblyopes by using a motion direction discrimination task. The results indicated a significant loss of contrast sensitivity for moving plaids as well as for moving gratings at intermediate and high spatial frequencies in amblyopic eyes (AEs). Additionally, we found that the loss of contrast sensitivity for moving plaids was statistically equivalent to that for moving component gratings in AEs, that is, the former could be almost completely accounted for by the latter. These results suggest that the integration of motion information conveyed by component gratings of moving plaids may be intact in anisometropic amblyopia, and that the apparent deficits in contrast sensitivity for moving plaids in anisometropic amblyopia can be almost completely attributed to those for gratings, that is, low-level processing deficits.