bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms at the blood-cerebrospinal fluid-trigeminal nerve and blood-retina interfaces in the rat
Authors: Arakaki Xianghong , McCleary Paige , Techy Matthew , Chiang Jiarong , Kuo Linus , Fonteh Alfred N , Armstrong Brian , Levy Dan , Harrington Michael G 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sodium concentration increases during migraine attacks, and both CSF and vitreous humor sodium increase in the rat migraine model. The Na,K-ATPase is a probable source of these sodium fluxes. Since Na,K-ATPase isoforms have different locations and physiological roles, our objective was to establish which alpha isoforms are present at sites where sodium homeostasis is disrupted.MethodsSpecific Na,K-ATPase alpha isoforms were identified in rat tissues by immunohistochemistry at the blood-CSF barrier at the choroid plexus, at the blood-CSF-trigeminal barrier at the meninges, at the blood-retina barrier, and at the blood-aqueous barrier at the ciliary body. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), occludin, or von Willibrand factor (vWF) were co-localized with Na,K-ATPase to identify trigeminal nociceptor fibers, tight junctions, and capillary endothelial cells respectively.ResultsThe Na,K-ATPase alpha-2 isoform is located on capillaries and intensely at nociceptive trigeminal nerve fibers at the meningeal blood-CSF-trigeminal barrier. Alpha-1 and −3 are lightly expressed on the trigeminal nerve fibers but not at capillaries. Alpha-2 is expressed at the blood-retina barriers and, with alpha-1, at the ciliary body blood aqueous barrier. Intense apical membrane alpha-1 was associated with moderate cytoplasmic alpha-2 expression at the choroid plexus blood-CSF barrier.ConclusionNa,K-ATPase alpha isoforms are present at the meningeal, choroid plexus, and retinal barriers. Alpha-2 predominates at the capillary endothelial cells in the meninges and retinal ganglion cell layer.
HOXB13:IL17BR and molecular grade index and risk of breast cancer death among patients with lymph node-negative invasive disease
Authors: Habel Laurel A , Sakoda Lori C , Achacoso Ninah , Ma Xiao-Jun , Erlander Mark G , Sgroi Dennis C , Fehrenbacher Louis , Greenberg Deborah , Quesenberry Charles P 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Studies have shown that a two-gene ratio (HOXB13:IL17BR) and a five-gene (BUB1B, CENPA, NEK2, RACGAP1, RRM2) molecular grade index (MGI) are predictive of clinical outcomes among early-stage breast cancer patients. In an independent population of lymph node-negative breast cancer patients from a community hospital setting, we evaluated the performance of two risk classifiers that have been derived from these gene signatures combined, MGI+HOXB13:IL17BR and the Breast Cancer Index (BCI).

Methods
A case-control study was conducted among 4,964 Kaiser Permanente patients diagnosed with node-negative invasive breast cancer from 1985 to 1994 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. For 191 cases (breast cancer deaths) and 417 matched controls, archived tumor tissues were available and analyzed for expression levels of the seven genes of interest and four normalization genes by RT-PCR. Logistic regression methods were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) and 10-year absolute risk of breast cancer death associated with prespecified risk categories for MGI+HOXB13:IL17BR and BCI.

Results
Both MGI+HOXB13:IL17BR and BCI classified over half of all ER-positive patients as low risk. The 10-year absolute risks of breast cancer death for ER-positive, tamoxifen-treated patients classified in the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 3.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9% to 5.4%), 5.9% (95% CI 3.0% to 8.6%), and 12.9% (95% CI 7.9% to 17.6%) by MGI+HOXB13:IL17BR and 3.5% (95% CI 1.9% to 5.1%), 7.0% (95% CI 3.8% to 10.1%), and 12.9% (95% CI 7.1% to 18.3%) by BCI. Those for ER-positive, tamoxifen-untreated patients were 5.7% (95% CI 4.0% to 7.4%), 13.8% (95% CI 8.4% to 18.9%), and 15.2% (95% CI 9.4% to 20.5%) by MGI+HOXB13:IL17BR and 5.1% (95% CI 3.6% to 6.6%), 18.6% (95% CI 10.8% to 25.7%), and 17.5% (95% CI 11.1% to 23.5%) by BCI. After adjusting for tumor size and grade, the RRs of breast cancer death comparing high- versus low-risk categories of both classifiers remained elevated but were attenuated for tamoxifen-treated and tamoxifen-untreated patients.

Conclusion
Among ER-positive, lymph node-negative patients not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, MGI+HOXB13:IL17BR and BCI were associated with risk of breast cancer death. Both risk classifiers appeared to provide risk information beyond standard prognostic factors.
Toxoplasma gondii modulates the dynamics of human monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium under fluidic shear stress
Authors: Harker Katherine S , Ueno Norikiyo , Wang Tingting , Bonhomme Cyrille , Liu Wendy , Lodoen Melissa B 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Toxoplasma alters monocyte adhesion and integrin function, by reducing ligand-dependent clustering of LFA-1 and VLA-4.
Toxoplasma gondii actively infects circulating immune cells, including monocytes and DCs, and is thought to use these cells as Trojan horses for parasite dissemination. To investigate the interactions of T. gondii-infected human monocytes with vascular endothelium under conditions of shear stress, we developed a fluidic and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy system. Both uninfected and infected monocytes rolled, decelerated, and firmly adhered on TNF-α-activated endothelium. Interestingly, T. gondii-infected primary human monocytes and THP-1 cells exhibited altered adhesion dynamics compared with uninfected monocytes: infected cells rolled at significantly higher velocities (2.5- to 4.6-fold) and over greater distances (2.6- to 4.8-fold) than uninfected monocytes, before firmly adhering. During monocyte searching, 29–36% of infected monocytes compared with 0–11% of uninfected monocytes migrated &gt;10 μm from the point where they initiated searching, and these “wandering” searches were predominantly in the direction of flow. As infected monocytes appeared delayed in their transition to firm adhesion, we examined the effects of infection on integrin expression and function. T. gondii did not affect the expression of LFA-1, VLA-4, or MAC-1 or the ability of Mn2+ to activate these integrins. However, T. gondii infection impaired LFA-1 and VLA-4 clustering and pseudopod extension in response to integrin ligands. Surprisingly, a single intracellular parasite was sufficient to mediate these effects. This research has established a system for studying pathogen modulation of human leukocyte adhesion under conditions of physiological shear stress and has revealed a previously unappreciated effect of T. gondii infection on ligand-dependent integrin clustering.
Campylobacter jejuni genomes exhibit notable GC variation within housekeeping genes
Authors: Mohan Vathsala , Stevenson Mark 
Published: March 2013

Campylobacter jejuni(C. jejuni) is a rapidly evolving bacterial species with massive genetic recombination potential to generate niche specific genotypes. Generally the housekeeping gene lineage has been evidenced to undergo lateral gene transfer and recombination quite frequently compared to the information processing gene lineage. During such exchanges, genetic amelioration takes place over time acquiring the host genomes’ molecular characteristics. In this study, fifty genes that comprised twenty five metabolic housekeeping lineage genes and twenty five information processing lineage genes from nineteenC. jejunigenomes were studied. These nineteen genomes included sevenC. jejuniisolates that belonged to the same genotype or multilocus sequence type ST-474 that were sequences in New Zealand. The genes from both lineages were tested for recombination and the guanine-cytosine (GC) variation. There was a positive correlation between the GC variance and the number of recombination events amongst the metabolic housekeeping genes. Genes that showed wider GC variance had a relatively high number of recombination events. In contrast, although recombination was evident in all of the informational genes, there was no correlation between the GC variance and recombination. The observation of a positive correlation between the GC variance and the recombination events in the metabolic housekeeping genes may reflect the recent events of exchange of DNA and the regions that are constantly dynamic to undergo recombination under certain circumstances. While in the case of informational genes, the demand of stringent homology between genes may be a limiting factor for the absence of such correlation, however, the sites that involved in recombination may also represent the hotspots of recombination in those genes.
Learning Cycle Length Through Finite Automata
Authors: Peretz Ron 
Published: March 2013

We study the space-and-time automaton-complexity of two related problems concerning the cycle length of a periodic stream of input bits. One problem is to find the exact cycle length of a periodic stream of input bits provided that the cycle length is bounded by a known parameter n. The other problem is to find a large number k that divides the cycle length. By “large” we mean that there is an unbounded increasing function f(n), such that either k is greater than f(n) or k is the exact cycle length. Our main results include that finding a large divisor of the cycle length can be solved in deterministic linear TIME and sub-linear SPACE, whereas finding the exact cycle length cannot be solved in deterministic TIME × SPACE smaller than a constant times n squared. Results involving probabilistic automata and applications to rate-distortion theory and repeated games are also discussed.
REVIEWS
Authors: Díaz Eva , Bridges Steven L. , Loeffler Frances , Jackson Georgina , Balsom Erika , Roberdeau Wood 
Published: March 2013

TOOTH FOR AN EYE: A CHOROGRAPHY OF VIOLENCE IN ORLEANS PARISH, DEBORAH LUSTER (2011) Santa Fe, NM: Twin Palms Publishers, 64 pp., 29 illustrations ISBN: 1931885966, h/bk, $75
‘PROJECT CABRINI GREEN’, BY JAN TICHY, 28 MARCH–29 APRIL 2011, CHICAGO, IL, USA
THE
BEST OF ALL POSSIBLE WORLDS: FILIP GILISSEN’S IT’S ALL DOWNHILL FROM HERE ON, A 2011 SINT-LUKAS BRUSSELS UNIVERSITY COMMISSION, AND OTHER RECENT WORKS
‘MAKING THINGS PUBLIC: ATMOSPHERES OF DEMOCRACY’ 20 March–7 August 2005, Zentrum für Kunst und Medientechnologie
(ZKM), Karlsruhe, Germany
ALSO A BOOK MAKING THINGS PUBLIC: ATMOSPHERES OF DEMOCRACY, BRUNO LATOUR AND PETER WEIBEL, (2005) Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1072 pp., 550 coloured illustrations ISBN 9780262122795 (hardback), currently out of print
GARETH LONG, ‘WHO INVENTED THE DESK?’
THE APARTMENT, VANCOUVER, 4 SEPTEMBER 2010 – 1 MARCH 2011; ARTIST’S TEXT; ONGOING PUBLIC WORKSHOPS AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS; ONGOING SERIES OF ARTIST’S PUBLICATIONS
GOING PUBLIC, BORIS GROYS, (2010) New York: Sternberg Press, 168 pp., ISBN 9781934105306, paperback, £10.95
A position paper of the EFLM Committee on Education and Training and Working Group on Distance Education Programmes/E-Learning: developing an e-learning platform for the education of stakeholders in laboratory medicine
Authors: Gruson Damien , Faure Gilbert , Gouget Bernard , Haliassos Alexandre , Kisikuchin Darya , Reguengo Henrique , Topic Elizabeta , Blaton Victor 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The progress of information and communication technologies has strongly influenced changes in healthcare and laboratory medicine. E-learning, the learning or teaching through electronic means, contributes to the effective knowledge translation in medicine and healthcare, which is an essential element of a modern healthcare system and for the improvement of patient care. E-learning also represents a great vector for the transfer knowledge into laboratory practice, stimulate multidisciplinary interactions, enhance continuing professional development and promote laboratory medicine. The European Federation of Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) has initiated a distance learning program and the development of a collaborative network for e-learning. The EFLM dedicated working group encourages the organization of distance education programs and e-learning courses as well as critically evaluate information from courses, lectures and documents including electronic learning tools. The objectives of the present paper are to provide some specifications for distance learning and be compatible with laboratory medicine practices.
Prenatal diagnosis of agenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar vermian hypoplasia associated with a microdeletion on chromosome 1p32a
Authors: Shek Noel W.M. , Tan Tiong Y. , Ding Simon C.K. , Chung Brian H.Y. , Lau Elizabeth T.K. , Tang Mary H.Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We present the prenatal detection of a 1p32.1p31.3 microdeletion (3.46 Mb) by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) associated with fetal agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) and cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. Analysis of cultured amniocytes showed a normal karyotype. Our observations strengthen the association between this locus and central nervous system development. In addition, the fetus reported herein underscores the importance of array CGH analysis when ACC is detected prenatally, especially when there are additional central nervous system anomalies, to search for submicroscopic imbalances which can facilitate further management and parental counselling. Moreover, the presence of urinary tract anomalies should alert the clinician to the possibility of a 1p interstitial deletion, although the absence of such does not exclude it. Further reports will help to provide more information on the long-term outcomes of individuals with such microdeletion as there are only limited data.
Balanced Hermitian geometry on 6-dimensional nilmanifolds
Authors: Ugarte Luis , Villacampa Raquel 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The invariant balanced Hermitian geometry of
nilmanifolds of dimension 6 is described. We prove that the (restricted) holonomy group of the
associated Bismut connection reduces to a proper subgroup of SU(3)
if and only if the complex structure is abelian. As an
application we show that if J is abelian, then any invariant balanced J-Hermitian structure
provides solutions of the Strominger system.
Ultrasonic-assisted Cu-catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinolinones
Authors: Damavandi Saman , Sandaroos Reza , Mohammadi Ali 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A new series of 10-phenyl-7,9-dihydro-3H-furo[3,4-b]pyrazolo[4,3-f]quinolin-9-one derivatives has been synthesized through an efficient multicomponent reaction of tetronic acid, 5-aminoindazole and various aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by copper(II) triflate under ultrasonic irradiation.
Synthesis and transformations of 1-[2-(toluene-4-sulfonamido)ethyl]thiourea
Authors: Eliazyan Karine , Hakobyan Ruzanna , Pivazyan Vergush , Ghazaryan Emma , Yengoyan Aleksandr 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Readily available 2-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)ethylamine is a convenient starting material for a two-step synthesis of 1-[2-(toluene-4-sulfonamido)ethyl]thiourea (2). Heterocyclization of the thiourea moiety in 2 furnished a thiazole derivative 3 which was further functionalized into substituted thiazoles 4–6. A series of 2-(thiazol-5-yl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazoles 8, 10 and 2-(thiazol-5-yl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazoles 9, 11 were obtained.
Neonatal rat osteoblasts bioconvert testosterone to non-phenolic metabolites with estrogen-like effects on bone cell proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Enríquez Juana , Larrea Fernando , Santillán René , Hernández Ángeles , Herrero Bertha , Pérez-Palacios Gregorio , Lemus Ana E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Testosterone (T) restores bone mass loss in postmenopausal women and osteoporotic men mainly through its bioconversion to estradiol (E2). In target tissues, T is also biotransformed to the A-ring-reduced metabolites 3α,5α-androstanediol (3α,5α-diol) and 3β,5α-androstanediol (3β,5α-diol), which are potent estrogen receptor (ER) agonists; however, their biological role in bone has not been completely elucidated. To assess if osteoblasts bioconvert T to 3α,5α-diol and to 3β,5α-diol, we studied in cultured neonatal rat osteoblasts the metabolism of [14C]-labeled T. In addition, the intrinsic estrogenic potency of diols on cell proliferation and differentiation in neonatal calvarial rat osteoblasts was also investigated. Osteoblast function was assessed by determining cell DNA, cell-associated osteocalcin, and calcium content, as well as alkaline phosphatase activity and Alp1 gene expression. The results demonstrated that diols were the major bioconversion products of T, with dihydrotestosterone being an obligatory intermediary, thus demonstrating in the rat osteoblasts the activities of 5α-steroid reductase and 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The most important finding was that 3β,5α- and 3α,5α-diols induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, mimicking the effect of E2. The observation that osteoblast differentiation induced by diols was abolished by the presence of the antiestrogen ICI 182,780, but not by the antiandrogen 2-hydroxyflutamide, suggests that diols effects are mediated through an ER mechanism. The osteoblast capability to bioconvert T into diols with intrinsic estrogen-like potency offers new insights to understand the mechanism of action of T on bone cells and provides new avenues for hormone replacement therapy to maintain bone mass density.
Longitudinal analyses of Olympic athletics and swimming events find no gender gap in performance improvement
Authors: Kovalchik Stephanie Ann , Stefani Ray 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGender gaps in absolute performance at the Olympics are well-established, while gender differences in relative performance have not been considered. We analyzed time trends in male and female performance improvement for medal results in all individual athletics and swimming events in Olympic years with male and female competition. Performance improvement was defined as the percentage change in performance over the gold-medal result of the previous Olympic year. In mixed effects models that accounted for the effects of the order of finish, event, and year, we found a non-significant average difference in performance improvement of <0.5% for events in running, jumping, throwing, and swimming. Since the mid-twentieth century, the record at the Summer Games shows that gains in the performance of female Olympic medalists have kept pace with men.
The anatomy of the bank shot in men’s basketball
Authors: Silverberg Larry M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A detailed study of the bank shot trajectory was performed with a focus on breaking it down into its significant features. The bank shot’s effectiveness was examined in terms of the player’s ability to accurately impart launch speed, back spin, pitch angle, and side angle. It was shown that the bank shot is more forgiving than the direct shot in launch speed and launch angle and has about the same level of forgiveness in side angle at particular locations on the court. This paper concludes that the bank shot can be extremely advantageous over the direct shot to the shooter who learns how to accurately impart side angle.
Controlling neuronal growth and connectivity via directed self-assembly of proteins
Authors: Rizzo Daniel , Beighley Ross , White James D. , Staii Cristian 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMaterials that offer the ability to influence tissue regeneration are of vital importance to the field of Tissue Engineering. Because valid 3-dimensional scaffolds for nerve tissue are still in development, advances with 2-dimensional surfaces in vitro are necessary to provide a complete understanding of controlling regeneration. Here we present a method for controlling nerve cell growth on Au electrodes using Atomic Force Microscopy -aided protein assembly. After coating a gold surface in a self-assembling monolayer of alkanethiols, the Atomic Force Microscope tip can be used to remove regions of the self-assembling monolayer in order to produce well-defined patterns. If this process is then followed by submersion of the sample into a solution containing neuro-compatible proteins, they will self assemble on these exposed regions of gold, creating well-specified regions for promoted neuron growth.
Effect of Modification in Cellulose Microstructure on Liquid Crystallinity
Authors: Khandelwal Mudrika , Hessler Nadine , Windle Alan H. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTAcid hydrolysis of cellulose leads to the formation of nanowhiskers, which can self-assemble to form a liquid crystal phase at a concentration determined by their aspect ratio. This work investigates the properties of the un-hydrolysed materials on which the length of the nanowhiskers depend. It was found that the length is determined by the branching pattern of the cellulose microfibrils and the crystallinity of the material.
Morphology and Morphometry ofDemotispa neivai(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults
Authors: Martínez L C , Plata—Rueda A , Zanuncio J C , Leite GLD , Serrão J E 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDemotispa neivai Bondar (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) can damage the surface of oil palm fruits in Colombia. This specie has also been reported in Arecaceae species but without clarity on its identity. The aim of this study was the redescription of D. neivai using diagnostic characters. The external morphology of the insect body was described with scanning electron microscopy and its sexual dimorphism analyzed by morphometric data on width of the body, length of antennae, scutellum, and legs. The body of D. neivai is observed reddish—brown or slightly reddish—yellow, oval shape, dorsally flattened, and convex laterally; small head; maxillary palps with segments nearly similar in length; bases of the antenna separated by a keel in the front; compound eyes slightly protruding; pronotum with curved lateral margins; scutellum pentagonal; elytra oval covering almost the entire abdomen; with four sternites visible. The head antennae, body width, hindlegs, elytra, pronotum, and abdomen are the best structures to characterize the sex dimorphism of D. neivai. Additionally, differences and similarities with other phytophagous chrysomelid species of oil palm and were discussed.
Revision of the Family Helotidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea): VII. The Attenuata Species Group of the Genus Neohelota
Authors: Lee Chi-Feng , Votruba Petr 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The attenuata species group of Neohelota Ohta is revised. Six species are recognized, including one described herein, N. vietnamensis sp. nov., from Vietnam and Laos. Helota moutonii Ritsema, 1905 is recognized as a junior synonym of Neohelota renati (Ritsema, 1905), Helota bhutanensisChûjô, 1975, as a junior synonym of N. durelii (Ritsema, 1905), and H. sonaniOhta, 1929 as a junior synonym of N. lewisi (Ritsema, 1915). A lecotype is designated for Helota attenuata Ritsema, 1894. A key for the attenuata species group is provided. Figures of protibiae, genitalia, internal sacs, eighth abdominal tergites, and fifth abdominal ventrites are given for all species.