bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Oestrus Synchronization with PGF2α/eCG/hCG on Luteal P4 Synthesis in Early Pregnant Gilts
Authors: Szymanska M , Morawska‐Pucinska E , Krawczynski K , Kiewisz J , Ziecik AJ , Blitek A 
Published: October 2014

ContentsAdministration of hormones to synchronize oestrus is a useful tool in animal breeding. However, exogenous ovarian stimulation may be detrimental to reproductive function. This study was aimed to examine whether an oestrus synchronization with PGF2α/eCG/hCG could affect luteal P4 synthesis in early pregnant gilts. Corpora lutea (CLs) were collected on days 9, 12 and 16 of pregnancy from gilts with natural (n = 16) and synchronized (n = 18) oestrus and analysed for (i) the expre‐ssion of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily A polypeptide (CYP11A1), and 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD); (ii) the concentration of P4 in the luteal tissue and blood; and (iii) the expression of luteinizing hormone receptors (LHR) and oestrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). Additionally, the effect of LH on P4 secretion from CL slices collected from synchronized and naturally ovulated animals has been studied in vitro. PGF2α/eCG/hCG administration increased mRNA expression of StAR, CYP11A1, 3βHSD, and LHR on day 9 and CYP11A1 and LHR on day 12 of pregnancy compared with the control group (p < 0.05). CYP11A1, 3βHSD, LHR, ERα and ERβ proteins were not affected by synchronization; only StAR protein increased in hormonally treated animals (p = 0.017). The concentration of P4 in luteal tissue was greater on day 9 (p < 0.01), but lower on day 16 (p < 0.05) in gilts with hormonally induced oestrus compared with control animals. Blood serum levels of P4 were lower in synchronized than control gilts (p < 0.001). Synchronization did not affect LH‐stimulated P4 secretion from luteal slices; however, greater basal concentration of P4 in incubation medium was detected for CLs collected from synchronized than control gilts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, synchronization of oestrus with PGF2α/eCG/hCG protocol in gilts did not impair the expression of luteal P4 synthesis system, although decreased P4 concentration in the blood.
Cash Transfers to the Poor and the Labor Market: An Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: Cavalcanti Tiago , Corrêa Márcio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of cash transfers to the poor on the labor market. This is investigated in a matching model with endogenous labor market participation and job destruction. Depending on their productivity, workers might want to stay in the job, become unemployed, or leave the labor market; in addition, workers out of the labor force might decide to search for a job. Cash transfers are introduced to all agents with income below a given level. Two qualitative results are found: (i) The size of cash transfers has a negative effect on the employment rate, but an ambiguous effect on the unemployment rate; and (ii) the coverage of this welfare program has a positive effect on the employment rate, and an ambiguous effect on the unemployment rate. The numerical simulations also show that: (i) if the government target is to reduce inequality and poverty, the more efficient policy is to increase the level of benefits instead of increasing the eligibility of the program; (ii) compared with a welfare program that condition eligibility to labor market participation, the “unconditional” cash transfer program has a stronger impact on inequality and poverty, but with a reduction in labor market participation and output.
DYT1 directly regulates the expression of TDF1 for tapetum development and pollen wall formation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Gu Jing‐Nan , Zhu Jun , Yu Yu , Teng Xiao‐Dong , Lou Yue , Xu Xiao‐Feng , Liu Jia‐Li , Yang Zhong‐Nan 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe tapetum plays a critical role during the development and maturation of microspores. DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1) is essential for early tapetal development. Here, we determined that the promoter region (−550 to −463 bp) contains indispensable cis‐elements for DYT1 expression. Although DYT1 transcripts can be detected in both meiocytes and tapetal cells, localization of DYT1–GFP demonstrated that DYT1 is strictly located in tapetal cells during microsporogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis revealed that DYT1 directly binds the promoter region of Defective in Tapetal Development and Function 1 (TDF1), a transcription factor essential for tapetum development. When TDF1 driven by the DYT1 promoter is expressed in a dyt1 mutant, the expression of the transcription factors AMS, MS188/MYB80, TEK and MS1 and the pollen wall‐related genes are restored. Although the pollen wall is not formed and the microspores are ruptured, DIOC2 staining showed that fatty acids, the precursors of the pollen wall, were synthesized in the transgenic lines. These results indicate that DYT1 regulates the expression of AMS, MS188/MYB80, TEK and MS1 for pollen wall formation, primarily via TDF1.
Movement of IS
26
-Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes Occurs via a Translocatable Unit That Includes a Single IS
26
and Preferentially Inserts Adjacent to Another IS
26
Authors: Harmer Christopher J. , Moran Robert A. , Hall Ruth M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The insertion sequence IS
26
plays a key role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria, forming regions containing more than one antibiotic resistance gene that are flanked by and interspersed with copies of IS
26
. A model presented for a second mode of IS
26
movement that explains the structure of these regions involves a translocatable unit consisting of a unique DNA segment carrying an antibiotic resistance (or other) gene and a single IS copy. Structures resembling class I transposons are generated via RecA-independent incorporation of a translocatable unit next to a second IS
26
such that the ISs are in direct orientation. Repeating this process would lead to arrays of resistance genes with directly oriented copies of IS
26
at each end and between each unique segment. This model requires that IS
26
recognizes another IS
26
as a target, and in transposition experiments, the frequency of cointegrate formation was 60-fold higher when the target plasmid contained IS
26
. This reaction was conservative, with no additional IS
26
or target site duplication generated, and orientation specific as the IS
26
s in the cointegrates were always in the same orientation. Consequently, the cointegrates were identical to those formed via the known mode of IS
26
movement when a target IS
26
was not present. Intact transposase genes in both IS
26
s were required for high-frequency cointegrate formation as inactivation of either one reduced the frequency 30-fold. However, the IS
26
target specificity was retained. Conversion of each residue in the DDE motif of the Tnp26 transposase also reduced the cointegration frequency.

IMPORTANCE
Resistance to antibiotics belonging to several of the different classes used to treat infections is a critical problem. Multiply antibiotic-resistant bacteria usually carry large regions containing several antibiotic resistance genes, and in Gram-negative bacteria, IS
26
is often seen in these clusters. A model to explain the unusual structure of regions containing multiple IS
26
copies, each associated with a resistance gene, was not available, and the mechanism of their formation was unexplored. IS
26
-flanked structures deceptively resemble class I transposons, but this work reveals that the features of IS
26
movement do not resemble those of the IS and class I transposons studied to date. IS
26
uses a novel movement mechanism that defines a new family of mobile genetic elements that we have called “translocatable units.” The IS
26
mechanism also explains the properties of IS
257
(IS
431
) and IS
1216
, which belong to the same IS family and mobilize resistance genes in Gram-positive staphylococci and enterococci.
After the RCT: who comes to a family-based intervention for childhood overweight or obesity when it is implemented at scale in the community?
Authors: Fagg James , Cole Tim J , Cummins Steven , Goldstein Harvey , Morris Stephen , Radley Duncan , Sacher Paul , Law Catherine 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundWhen implemented at scale, the impact on health and health inequalities of public health interventions depends on who receives them in addition to intervention effectiveness.MethodsThe MEND 7–13 (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition…Do it!) programme is a family-based weight management intervention for childhood overweight and obesity implemented at scale in the community. We compare the characteristics of children referred to the MEND programme (N=18 289 referred to 1940 programmes) with those of the population eligible for the intervention, and assess what predicts completion of the intervention.ResultsCompared to the MEND-eligible population, proportionally more children who started MEND were: obese rather than overweight excluding obese; girls; Asian; from families with a lone parent; living in less favourable socioeconomic circumstances; and living in urban rather than rural or suburban areas. Having started the programme, children were relatively less likely to complete it if they: reported ‘abnormal’ compared to ‘normal’ levels of psychological distress; were boys; were from lone parent families; lived in less favourable socioeconomic circumstances; and had participated in a relatively large MEND programme group; or where managers had run more programmes.ConclusionsThe provision and/or uptake of MEND did not appear to compromise and, if anything, promoted participation of those from disadvantaged circumstances and ethnic minority groups. However, this tendency was diminished because programme completion was less likely for those living in less favourable socioeconomic circumstances. Further research should explore how completion rates of this intervention could be improved for particular groups.
Points de hauteur bornée sur les hypersurfaces lisses de l'espace triprojectif
Authors: Mignot Teddy 
Published: October 2014

Nous démontrons ici la conjecture de Batyrev et Manin pour le nombre de points de hauteur bornée de certaines hypersurfaces de l'espace triprojectif de tridegré (1, 1, 1). La constante intervenant dans le résultat final est celle conjecturée par Peyre. La méthode utilisée est inspirée de celle développée par Schindler pour traiter le cas des hypersurfaces des espaces biprojectifs. Celle-ci est essentiellement basée sur la méthode du cercle de Hardy–Littlewood. We prove the Batyrev–Manin conjecture for the number of points of bounded height on some smooth hypersurfaces of the triprojective space of tridegree (1, 1, 1). The constant appearing in the final result is the one conjectured by Peyre. The method used is the one developed by Schindler to study the case of hypersurfaces of biprojective spaces. It is essentially based on the Hardy–Littlewood method.
Elevated Serum Angiopoietin-like Protein 2 Correlates with the Metastatic Properties of Colorectal Cancer: A Serum Biomarker for Early Diagnosis and Recurrence
Authors: Toiyama Yuji , Tanaka Koji , Kitajima Takahito , Shimura Tadanobu , Kawamura Mikio , Kawamoto Aya , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Saigusa Susumu , Hiro Junichiro , Inoue Yasuhiro , Mohri Yasuhiko , Goel Ajay , Kusunoki Masato 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) is a mediator of chronic inflammation and inflammatory carcinogenesis. The biologic and clinical significance of ANGPTL2 remains unknown in human cancer. Therefore, we investigated the function of ANGPTL2 and evaluated its clinical significance in both primary tumors and matched sera in patients with colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: A colorectal cancer cell line was transfected with siRNA against ANGPTL2 for the assessment of its function. We examined ANGPTL2 expression in colorectal cancer tissues (n = 195) by immunohistochemistry. Finally, we screened serum ANGPTL2 levels from 32 colorectal cancers and 23 normal controls (NC), and validated these results in serum samples obtained from 195 colorectal cancers and 45 NCs by ELISA.
Results: Knockdown of ANGPTL2 in vitro significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, whereas it enhanced anoikis. ANGPTL2 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissues, and was significantly associated with advanced T stage, lymph node, and liver metastasis. Likewise, serum ANGPTL2 levels in colorectal cancers were significantly higher than NCs (P &lt; 0.01), and allowed distinguishing of colorectal cancers from NCs with high accuracy (AUC = 0.837). The subsequent validation step confirmed that serum ANGPTL2 levels in colorectal cancers were significantly higher than in NCs (P &lt; 0.0001), and had a high AUC value (0.885) for distinguishing colorectal cancers from NCs. High serum ANGPTL2 was significantly associated with advanced T stage, lymph node and liver metastasis, early relapse, and poor prognosis in colorectal cancers.
Conclusion: Serum ANGPTL2 is a novel diagnostic and recurrence-predictive biomarker in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6175–86. ©2014 AACR.
Transcranial Laser Therapy in Acute Stroke Treatment
Authors: Hacke Werner , Schellinger Peter D. , Albers Gregory W. , Bornstein Natan M. , Dahlof Bjorn L. , Fulton Rachael , Kasner Scott E. , Shuaib Ashfaq , Richieri Steven P. , Dilly Stephen G. , Zivin Justin , Lees Kennedy R. , Broderick Joseph , Ivanova Anastasia , Johnston Karen , Norrving Bo , Alexandrov Andrei , Brown David , Capone Patrick , Chiu David , Clark Wayne , Cochran Jack , Deredyn Colin , Devlin Thomas , Hickling William , Howell George , Huang David , Hussain Shazam , Mallenbaum Sidney , Moonis Majaz , Nash Marshall , Rymer Marilyn , Taylor Reid , Tremwel Margaret , Buck Brian , Perez Julio , Gerloff Christian , Greiwing Bernd , Grond Martin , Hamman Gerhard , Haarmeiter Thomas , Jander Sebastian , Köhrmann Martin , Ritter Martin , Schneider Dietmar , Sobesky Jan , Steiner Thorsten , Steinmetz Helmuth , Veltkamp Roland , Weimar Christian , Gruber Franz , Andersson Bjorn , Welin Lennart , Leys Didier , Tatlisumak Turgut , Luft Andreas , Lyrer Philippe , Michel Patrik , Molina Carlos , Segura Tomas 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
On the basis of phase II trials, we considered that transcranial laser therapy could have neuroprotective effects in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
We studied transcranial laser therapy in a double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial intended to enroll 1000 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated ≤24 hours after stroke onset and who did not undergo thrombolytic therapy. The primary efficacy measure was the 90-day functional outcome as assessed by the modified Rankin Scale, with hierarchical Bayesian analysis incorporating relevant previous data. Interim analyses were planned after 300 and 600 patients included.

Results—
The study was terminated on recommendation by the Data Monitoring Committee after a futility analysis of 566 completed patients found no difference in the primary end point (transcranial laser therapy 140/282 [49.6%] versus sham 140/284 [49.3%] for good functional outcome; modified Rankin Scale, 0–2). The results remained stable after inclusion of all 630 randomized patients (adjusted odds ratio, 1.024; 95% confidence interval, 0.705–1.488).

Conclusions—
Once the results of the interim futility analysis became available, all study support was immediately withdrawn by the capital firms behind PhotoThera, and the company was dissolved. Proper termination of the trial was difficult but was finally achieved through special efforts by former employees of PhotoThera, the CRO Parexel and members of the steering and the safety committees. We conclude that transcranial laser therapy does not have a measurable neuroprotective effect in patients with acute ischemic stroke when applied within 24 hours after stroke onset.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01120301.
First Observations of Tracking Clouds Using Scanning ARM Cloud Radars
Authors: Borque Paloma , Kollias Pavlos , Giangrande Scott 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTracking clouds using scanning cloud radars can help to document the temporal evolution of cloud properties well before large-drop formation (weather radar “first echo”). These measurements also complement cloud and precipitation tracking using geostationary satellites and weather radars. Here, two-dimensional (2D) along-wind range–height indicator observations of a population of shallow cumuli (with and without precipitation) from the 35-GHz scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) cloud radar (SACR) at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)–ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are presented. Observations from the ARM SGP network of scanning precipitation radars are used to provide the larger-scale context of the cloud field and to highlight the advantages of the SACR to detect the numerous small nonprecipitating cloud elements. A new cloud identification and tracking algorithm (CITA) is developed to track cloud elements. In CITA, a cloud element is identified as a region having a contiguous set of pixels exceeding a preset reflectivity and size threshold. The high temporal resolution of the SACR 2D observations (30 s) allows for an area superposition criteria algorithm to match cloud elements at consecutive times. Following CITA, the temporal evolution of cloud-element properties (number, size, and maximum reflectivity) is presented. The vast majority of the designated elements during this cumulus event were short-lived nonprecipitating clouds having an apparent life cycle shorter than 15 min. The advantages and disadvantages of cloud tracking using an SACR are discussed.
Study of a Sea-Breeze Case through Momentum, Temperature, and Turbulence Budgets
Authors: Cuxart J. , Jiménez M. A. , Telišman Prtenjak M. , Grisogono B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA simulation with the Méso-NH model over the island of Mallorca, Spain, has been made in a case of synoptic high pressure (5 June 2010) that allowed the development of sea breezes (SB) in the three main basins of the island. The results compare well to the available observations and are qualitatively very close to a previous idealized study with no synoptic forcing made by Ramis and Romero in 1995. The temporal and spatial structure of the SB in the southeastern basin is analyzed with the use of the momentum, temperature, and turbulence kinetic energy budgets provided by the numerical model. Five stages of evolution from before dawn to after sunset are discussed, identifying the main physical mechanisms at play. The morning land heating warms the land and the air over it until an air temperature gradient is created and a marine flow accelerates inland, dragged by turbulence in the low layers. The upper part of the inland current and the layers just above are dominated by compensatory motions, which oppose the corresponding pressure gradient at these levels. These mechanisms last while the SB is active, with significant effects from the local topography, and they decrease in intensity as sunset approaches. This relatively simple case has been used to check the goodness of two analytical models of the SB that perform relatively well because they use turbulence as a surrogate for the missing advection terms in the layers above 200 m. These models are formulated here in a more consistent manner in the turbulence parameterization than were the original propositions.
Skill of Direct Solar Radiation Predicted by the ECMWF Global Atmospheric Model over Australia
Authors: Troccoli Alberto , Morcrette Jean-Jacques 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPrediction of direct solar radiation is key in sectors such as solar power and agriculture; for instance, it can enable more efficient production of energy from concentrating solar power plants. An assessment of the quality of the direct solar radiation forecast by two versions of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) global numerical weather prediction model up to 5 days ahead is carried out here. The performance of the model is measured against observations from four solar monitoring stations over Australia, characterized by diverse geographic and climatic features, for the year 2006. As a reference, the performance of global radiation forecast is carried out as well. In terms of direct solar radiation, while the skill of the two model versions is very similar, and with relative mean absolute errors (rMAEs) ranging from 18% to 45% and correlations between 0.85 and 0.25 at around midday, their performance is substantially enhanced via a simple postprocessing bias-correction procedure. There is a marked dependency on cloudy conditions, with rMAEs 2–4 times as large for very cloudy-to-overcast conditions relative to clear-sky conditions. There is also a distinct dependency on the background climatic clear-sky conditions of the location considered. Tests made on a simulated operational setup targeting three quantiles show that direct radiation forecasts achieve potentially high scores. Overall, these analyses provide an indication of the potential practical use of direct irradiance forecast for applications such as solar power operations.
A Pathway Connecting the Monsoonal Heating to the Rapid Arctic Ice Melt*
Authors: Krishnamurti T. N. , Krishnamurti Ruby , Das Sweta , Kumar Vinay , Jayakumar A. , Simon Anu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study provides a monsoonal link to the rapid Arctic ice melt. Each year the planetary-scale African–Asian monsoonal outflow near the tropopause carries a large anticyclonic gyre that has a longitudinal spread that occupies nearly half of the entire tropics. In recent years, the South Asian summer monsoon has experienced increased rainfall over northwestern India and Pakistan and it has also contributed to more intense local anticyclonic outflows from this region. The western lobes of these intense upper-high-pressure areas carry outflows with large heat fluxes from the monsoon belt toward central Asia and eventually to the region of the rapid ice melt of the Canadian Arctic. In this study this spectacular pathway has been defined from airflow trajectories, heat content, and heat flux anomalies. Most of these show slow increasing trends in the last 20 years. The monsoonal connection to the rapid Arctic ice melt is a new contribution of this study. This is shown from the passage of a vertical column of large positive values of the heat content anomaly that can be traced from the Asian monsoon belt to the Canadian Arctic. The heat flux along these episodic and intermittently active pathways is shown to be considerably larger than the atmospheric poleward flux across latitude circles and from the oceans. This study contrasts these thermodynamic wave trains (defining this pathway) for the more conventional dynamic wave trains.