bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric impaction associated with displacement and volvulus of the large colon in seven mature horses
Authors: McGovern K. F. , Suthers J. M. , James F. M. , O'Meara B. J. , Parker R. A. , Foote A. K. , Bladon B. M. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryGastric impaction associated with large colon volvulus (LCV) was identified in seven horses. Right dorsal displacement of the large colon and suspected nephrosplenic entrapment was identified in 2 of the 7 horses as well asLCVwith concurrent gastric impaction. All horses underwent surgery forLCVand none survived. Five horses died or were subjected to euthanasia intraoperatively or in recovery. One horse was subjected to euthanasia post operatively due to persistent gastric reflux, following resolution of the gastric impaction. One horse was subjected to euthanasia post operatively due to a suspected gastric rupture, which was confirmed onpost mortemexamination. It is hypothesised that a large mass in the cranial abdomen, such as a gastric impaction may disrupt the normal anatomical large colon alignment or may cause colonic motility or microbiota alterations, and thus increase the risk of large colon displacement and volvulus.
Comparative evaluation of cyclic fatigue resistance of D‐RaCe and ProTaper retreatment instruments in curved artificial canals
Authors: Topçuoğlu H. S. , Topçuoğlu G. , Aktı A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of D‐RaCe and ProTaper rotary nickel–titanium (NiTi) retreatment files when used in curved artificial canals.MethodologyA total of 120 new D‐RaCe DR2 and ProTaper D3 retreatment files were tested in stainless steel artificial canals having 45° and 60° angles of curvature. Thirty instruments of each of the file systems were tested in both angles of curvature (n = 30). The retreatment instruments were rotated until fracture to calculate the number of cycles to failure. The length of each fractured fragment was recorded. Data were analysed by independent sample t‐test. Fractured surfaces of the instruments were analysed by scanning electron microscopy.ResultsIn the canal with 45° angle of curvature, no significant difference was observed between the retreatment systems (P > 0.05); on the other hand, in the canal with 60° angle of curvature, D‐RaCe DR2 instruments had greater cyclic fatigue resistance than ProTaper D3 (P < 0.05). No difference was observed between the retreatment instruments regarding the lengths of fractured fragments (P > 0.05). The fracture surfaces of the instruments had morphologic characteristics of ductile fracture.ConclusionsD‐RaCe DR2 instrument exhibited greater cyclic fatigue resistance than ProTaper D3 only in root canals with 60° angle of curvature.
Apelin promotes diabetic nephropathy by inducing podocyte dysfunction via inhibiting proteasome activities
Authors: Guo Caixia , Liu Yu , Zhao Wenjie , Wei Shengnan , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Wenying , Zeng Xiangjun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPodocyte injuries are associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Apelin, an adipocyte‐derived peptide, has been reported to be a promoting factor for DN. In this study, we aim to determine whether apelin promotes progression of DN by inducing podocyte dysfunction. kk‐Ay mice were used as models for DN. Apelin and its antagonist, F13A were intraperitoneally administered for 4 weeks, respectively. Renal function and foot process proteins were analysed to evaluate the effects of apelin on kk‐Ay mice and podocytes. Apelin increased albuminuria and decreased podocyte foot process proteins expression in kk‐Ay mice, which is consistent with the results that apelin receptor (APLNR) levels increased in glomeruli of patients or mice with DN. In cultured podocytes, high glucose increased APLNR expression and apelin administration was associated with increased permeability and decreased foot process proteins levels. All these dysfunctions were associated with decreased 26S proteasome activities and increased polyubiquitinated proteins in both kk‐Ay mice and cultured podocytes, as demonstrated by 26S proteasome activation with cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or oleuropein. These effects seemed to be related to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as apelin increased C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and peiFα levels while cAMP or oleuropein reduced it in high glucose and apelin treated podocytes. These results suggest that apelin induces podocyte dysfunction in DN through ER stress which was induced by decreased proteasome activities in podocytes.
The synergic and antagonistic activity of Cry1Ab and Cry2Aa proteins against lepidopteran pests
Authors: Azizoglu U. , Ayvaz A. , Yılmaz S. , Temizgul R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCry1Ab and Cry2Aa were overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and their proportions were determined for evaluating their synergic and antagonistic interactions on Ephestia kuehniella and Plodia interpunctella. Results indicated antagonistic interaction on both lepidopteran pests, and it was concluded that 1 : 1 combination of Cry1Ab:Cry2Aa should be avoided in control programmes for these larvae.
Outcomes of endo‐radiological approach to management of bile leakage after right lobe living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Chok Kenneth SH , Chan Albert CY , Sharr William W , Cheung Tan To , Fung James YY , Chan See Ching , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and AimBile leakage is a major complication after right lobe living donor liver transplantation (RLDLT). It can result in significant morbidities and, occasionally, mortalities. Endo‐radiology is a non‐surgical means that has been used to manage this complication. This study reviews the outcomes of the endo‐radiological approach to the management of bile leakage after RLDLT with duct‐to‐duct anastomosis (DDA) at a high‐volume center.MethodA retrospective study was conducted on all adult patients who received RLDLT at our center between January 2001 and December 2013. There were 496 RLDLTs performed during the study period. Only patients who had DDA as the only bile duct reconstruction method were included in the study.ResultsTwelve (3.7%) out of the 328 study subjects developed bile leakage after RLDLT. Six out of these 12 patients were successfully treated with the endo‐radiological approach without the need for laparotomy. They had endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with stenting followed by percutaneous drainage of biloma. One of the 12 patients died from recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma 37 months after transplantation. The remaining 11 patients are all alive.ConclusionThe endo‐radiological approach should be the first‐line management for bile leakage for selected patients with DDA as the bile duct reconstruction method.
Dabigatran‐induced esophagitis: The prevalence and endoscopic characteristics
Authors: Toya Yosuke , Nakamura Shotaro , Tomita Kazumitsu , Matsuda Nozomi , Abe Keinosuke , Abiko Yukito , Orikasa Shunsuke , Akasaka Risaburo , Chiba Toshimi , Uesugi Noriyuki , Sugai Tamotsu , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and AimThere have been some descriptions of dabigatran‐induced esophagitis in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and endoscopic characteristics of the disease.MethodsWe reviewed the endoscopic database and medical records of 91 patients with dabigatran internal use who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The frequency of dabigatran‐induced esophagitis and its endoscopic findings were retrospectively analyzed. In addition, the clinical characteristics were compared between patients with dabigatran‐induced esophagitis and those without the disease.ResultsDabigatran‐induced esophagitis was found in 19 of 91 (20.9%) patients. Of the 19 patients with the esophagitis, 18 (94.7%) showed longitudinally sloughing epithelial casts in the mid and/or lower esophagus, which may be characteristic endoscopic findings of this disease. Symptomatic patients were more frequent in patients with dabigatran‐induced esophagitis (68.4%) than those without (37.5%, P = 0.02). Other factors including age, gender, coexistence of hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or concomitant other medications did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsDabigatran causes the esophageal mucosal injury in approximately 20% of patients. Longitudinally sloughing casts in the distal esophagus are characteristic of dabigatran‐induced esophagitis.
Grampian migmatites in the Buchan Block, NE Scotland
Authors: Johnson T. E. , Kirkland C. L. , Reddy S. M. , Fischer S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRocks exposed along the Scottish coast between Fraserburgh and Inzie Head contain information critical to understanding the evolution of the Buchan Block, the type locality for low‐P, high‐T regional metamorphism, and its relationship with the rest of the Grampian terrane, one of the major tectonostratigraphic components of the Scottish Caledonides. The ~8 km long section traverses a regional network of shear zones and, at the highest grades around Inzie Head, passes into the core of the Buchan Anticline, a large‐scale open fold that is commonly regarded as a late structure, post‐dating metamorphism. The metasedimentary rocks increase in grade from upper amphibolite to granulite facies and preserve unequivocal evidence for partial melting. The diatexite migmatites around Inzie Head, along with other gneissose units within the Buchan Block, have been regarded as allochthonous Precambrian basement rocks that were thrust into their current position during the Grampian orogenesis. However, field observations show that the onset of in situ partial melting in metapelitic rocks, which was associated with the formation of garnet‐bearing aplites and associated pegmatites, occurred around Fraserburgh, where shear fabrics are absent. Thus, the rocks preserve a continuous metamorphic field gradient that straddles the shear zone network. This observation supports an alternative interpretation that anatexis was the result of mid‐Ordovician (Grampian) metamorphism, rather than an older tectonothermal event, and that the Inzie Head gneisses are autochthonous. Using an average mid‐Dalradian pelite as a plausible representative protolith, phase equilibria modelling satisfactorily reproduces the observed appearance and disappearance of key minerals providing that peritectic garnet produced with the first formed melts (represented by the garnet‐bearing aplites) depleted the source rocks in Mn. The modelled metamorphic field gradient records a temperature increase of at least 150 °C (from ~650 °C near Fraserburgh to in excess of 800 °C at Inzie Head) but is isobaric at pressures of 2.7–2.8 kbar, suggesting the Buchan Anticline developed synchronous with partial melting. The Buchan Anticline is likely an expression of crustal thinning and asthenospheric upwelling, which produced voluminous gabbroic intrusions that supplied the heat for Buchan metamorphism.
Dendritic cell chimerism in oral mucosa of transplanted patients affected by graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Pérez Claudio A. , Rabanales Ramón , Rojas‐Alcayaga Gonzalo , Larrondo Milton , Escobar Alejandro F. , López Mercedes N. , Salazar‐Onfray Flavio , Alfaro Jorge I. , González Fermín E. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is one of the main complications after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clinical features of GVHD include either an acute (aGVHD) or a chronic (cGVHD) condition that affects locations such as the oral mucosa. While the involvement of the host's dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated in aGVHD, the origin (donor/host) and mechanisms underlying oral cGVHD have not been completely elucidated. In this study, we intend to determine the origin of DCs present in mucosal tissue biopsies from the oral cavity of transplanted patients affected by cGVHD.MethodsWe purified DCs, from oral biopsies of three patients with cGVHD, through immunobeads and subsequently performed DNA extraction. The origin of the obtained DCs was determined by PCR amplification of 13 informative short tandem repeat (STR) alleles. We also characterised the DCs phenotype and the inflammatory infiltrate from biopsies of two patients by immunohistochemistry.ResultsClinical and histological features of the biopsies were concordant with oral cGVHD. We identified CD11c‐, CD207‐ and CD1a‐positive cells in the epithelium and beneath the basal layer. Purification of DCs from the mucosa of patients affected by post‐transplantation cGVHD was >95%. PCR‐STR data analysis of DCs DNA showed that 100% of analysed cells were of donor origin in all of the evaluated patients.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that resident DCs isolated from the oral tissue of allotransplanted patients affected by cGVHD are originated from the donor. Further research will clarify the role of DCs in the development and/or severity of oral cGVHD.
Inter‐relationships of the chronobiotic, melatonin, with leptin and adiponectin: implications for obesity
Authors: Szewczyk‐Golec Karolina , Woźniak Alina , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObesity and its medical complications represent a significant problem throughout the world. In recent decades, mechanisms underlying the progression of obesity have been intensively examined. The involvement of both the behavioral aspects, such as calorie‐rich diet, low physical activity and sleep deprivation, and the intrinsic factors, including adipose tissue deregulation, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and chronodisruption, has been identified. The circadian disturbances of the adipose tissue endocrine function have been correlated with obesity. Leptin and adiponectin are adipokines strongly associated with glucose and lipid metabolism and with energy balance. Their synthesis and secretion display circadian rhythms that are disturbed in the obese state. Hyperleptinemia resulting in leptin resistance, and hypo‐adiponectinemia have been linked to the pathophysiology of the obesity‐related disorders. A deficiency of melatonin, one of the consequences of sleep deprivation, has also been demonstrated to correlate with obesity. Melatonin is a pineal secretory product involved in numerous actions, such as regulation of internal biological clocks and energy metabolism, and it functions as an antioxidant and as an anti‐inflammatory agent. There exists a substantial amount of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on obesity and its complications. In the current review, the results of studies related to the interactions between melatonin, and both leptin and adiponectin are discussed. Despite the existence of some inconsistencies, melatonin has been found to normalize the expression and secretion patterns of both adipokines. These results support the concept of melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for obesity and related disorders.
Habitat differences do not explain population declines of sable antelope in an African savanna
Authors: Asner G. P. , Owen‐Smith N. , Loarie S. R. , Davies A. B. , Le Roux E. , Levick S. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSable antelope, Hippotragus niger, populations have declined substantially in Kruger National Park, South Africa despite large‐area protection from land use and poaching. Since Africa's large mammal populations are restricted to protected areas, understanding how to manage parks for biological diversity is critically important to the sustainability of faunal populations into the future. To better understand the drivers of sable decline, we analyzed landscapes where herds persist in the Pretoriuskop region of Kruger – identified by GPS collar telemetry data from eight individuals in five herds remaining in this area, and compared them to landscapes where sable herds have recently disappeared. We mapped these landscapes with satellite‐based spectral data on vegetation greenness and fire frequency and Carnegie Airborne Observatory LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data on 3‐D vegetation structure. Within their home ranges, sable herds consistently selected areas with high fire frequency, high tree cover and low shrub cover. However, there were no consistent differences in habitat features between the home ranges of current sable herds and areas formerly supporting herds. Locally deteriorating habitat conditions were therefore not responsible for the decline in sables in this region of the park. Our study also illustrates how multi‐sensor, 3‐D mapping of ecosystems provides a means to assess causes and consequences of changing animal habitats over time.
Rare zoonotic infection with Microsporum persicolor with literature review
Authors: Krzyściak Pawe , Al‐Hatmi Abdullah M.S. , Ahmed Sarah Abdalla , Macura Anna B. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWe report a case of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum persicolor in a 38‐year‐old male from Poland. Direct microscopic examination revealed high amounts of fungal hyphae from the right elbow material. The mould recovered in multiple cultures was identified as Microsporum persicolor by molecular identification based on partial of β‐tubulin gene (BT2), internal transcribed spacer, partial small ribosomal subunit (SSU) and large ribosomal subunit, partial translation elongation factor (TEF1) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB1) loci sequence data. The patient was treated with terbinafine. Clinical and mycological cure was achieved with this regimen and the patient was subsequently followed for 1 year without relapse. Microsporum persicolor is a very rare causative agent of dermatophytosis worldwide. The source of infection for the patient remained unclear and zoonotic transmission could not be confirmed.
‘They have to abide by our laws … and stuff’: ethnonationalism masquerading as civic nationalism
Authors: Fozdar Farida , Low Mitchell 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe long established distinction between civic nationalism and ethnonationalism is useful heuristically to understand different dimensions of nationalism and perhaps track a movement from ethnic forms to civic allegiances, though some have challenged its empirical veracity and others question the normative implications of such a distinction. This paper demonstrates the ways in which the two are elided in everyday discourses about migrants in Australia. We argue suspicion of cultural difference, identified more than three decades ago as the new racism, has given way to talk of the need for migrants to ‘follow the law’. This serves rhetorically to reinforce the notion that migrants, often implied to overlap with the category ‘Muslims’, are insisting on breaking the law and/or changing it and are therefore culturally incompatible with a modern liberal democracy. We argue that since ethnic nationalism, like racism, is out of favour normatively, ethnic nationalist arguments are now superficially concealed beneath the acceptable language of civic nationalism. The manner in which this occurs is mapped discursively using data from a corpus of twenty seven focus groups conducted around Australia.
Impact of oil price fluctuations onIndian economy
Authors: Gupta Priyanshi , Goyal Anurag 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIndian economy has been facing the twin issues of mounting trade imbalance and persisting inflation. Oil constitutes one‐third of the country's total imports and is considered to have wide‐ranging impact on its economy. This paper empirically examines how oil price fluctuations impact Indian economy through various channels, viz. real sector, monetary policy, external trade, exchange rate and investment. The results of cyclical correlation analysis suggest that oil is pro‐cyclical to output, price level, stock market, gold, interest rate and foreign exchange reserves, while it is counter‐cyclical to money supply, net exports and exchange rate. Also, it is found that oil Granger causes output, general price level and net exports. The study employs vector auto‐regression (VAR) analysis and examines variance decomposition to capture the linear inter‐dependencies among the variables. The structural stability tests demonstrate that there is no evidence of structural break in theVARmodel, confirming the reliability of estimated relationships under theVARmodel.
Chemokine levels in serum of children with atopic dermatitis with regard to severity and sensitization status
Authors: Ahrens Birgit , Schulz Gabriele , Bellach Johanna , Niggemann Bodo , Beyer Kirsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) are sensitized against food or airborne allergens. The severity of AD, using the SCORAD, seems to correlate with elevated serum levels of TARC/CCL17. Other chemokines, such as CCL20 or CCL25, have been described in the context of allergic inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze whether chemokine serum levels differ within a cohort of infants suffering from varying severities of AD with or without allergic sensitization.MethodsChemokine serum levels (CCL8, CCL17, CCL20, CCL25) as well as food and airborne allergen‐specific IgE were analyzed in infants with AD.ResultsAbout 60.9% (78/128) infants with AD (median age 8.8 months, 49 (38%) girls and 79 (62%) boys) showed a positive screening test to common food allergens and 26.6% to common airborne allergens. There was a strong correlation between serum levels of CCL17 and SCORAD in food‐sensitized infants (rs = 0.646, p = <1e‐04) and airborne‐sensitized infants (rs = 0.587, p = 0.00065) in contrast to non‐sensitized ones. Moreover, food‐sensitized infants showed significantly higher levels of CCL25 compared to non‐food‐sensitized ones (p = 0.007).ConclusionThe strong correlation between TARC/CCL17 and SCORAD in infants with specific sensitizations may be accounted for by the impaired skin barrier. As TARC/CCL17 has been found mainly in the (inflamed) skin but not in the gut, the detection of significantly higher levels of CCL25, ligand of CCR9, localized primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, suggests its impact on food allergen‐induced inflammation processes in food‐sensitized infants.
Australian deceased donor kidney allocation protocols: Transplant waiting and graft quality for children and adolescents
Authors: Le Page Amelia K. , Johnstone Lilian M. , Kennedy Sean E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDD kidney allocation protocols may influence timing of transplantation and graft quality for pediatric recipients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of these protocols, including pediatric priority, on waiting time on dialysis, transplant type, donor age, and HLA matching according to state of transplant in Australia. De‐identified information on patients <15 yr of age who commenced RRT in NSW, Qld, and Victoria from 2002 to 2011 was retrieved from the ANZDATA. Transplant type, donor age, and HLA mismatching were compared between states, with competing risk regression used to examine the time to transplant. There were significant differences in waiting time to DD transplantation between the three states. Children in NSW and Qld waited a median of 14 and 11 months vs. 21 months in Victoria. The ratio of LD to DD transplants was lower in NSW and Qld. Differences correlated with DD pediatric priority in NSW and Qld. DDs in NSW were older than in the other states. HLA matching did not differ. DD kidney allocation protocols with pediatric priority in Australian states were associated with shorter waiting times and increased DD proportion.