bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of receiving diabetes self-management education on preventive care practices and health-related quality of life among type II diabetes adults
Authors: Gala Smeet , Wu Wenchen 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the effect of diabetes self-management education (DSME) on preventive care practices and the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures among type II diabetes adults.

Methods
A retrospective database analysis was conducted using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey. Bivariate analyses were conducted to compare the utilization of preventive care practices among those receiving and not receiving DSME; and to determine the association between DSME status and HRQOL measures. Multiple logistic regression was employed to determine the likelihood of obtaining preventive care practices among those receiving DSME. Data analysis was performed using SAS version 9.2.

Key findings
Only 54% of type II diabetes adults received DSME. All preventive care practices except bi-annual HbA1c testing were utilized higher in adults receiving DSME. Adults receiving DSME were more likely to get an annual comprehensive foot examination (OR = 2.19, P &lt; 0.0001), annual dilated eye examination (OR = 1.63, P = 0.0007), annual doctor visit (OR = 1.60, P = 0.0244), pneumococcal vaccine (OR = 1.48, P = 0.0042) and daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (OR = 1.46, P = 0.0065) than adults not receiving DSME. Higher proportion of adults receiving DSME reported good general health, &lt;13 days of physical and mental distress as compared to adults not receiving DSME.

Conclusions
Patient programmes are needed to increase DSME, which in turn may increase the uptake of preventive care measures and improve HRQOL of type II diabetes adults.
Survival Time of Cross‐Match Incompatible Red Blood Cells in Adult Horses
Authors: Tomlinson J.E. , Taberner E. , Boston R.C. , Owens S.D. , Nolen‐Walston R.D. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThere is a markedly reduced half‐life of transfused RBCs when donor and recipient cats or humans are cross‐match incompatible. Only 10–20% of horses have naturally occurring alloantibodies. Therefore, cross‐match testing before blood transfusion is not always performed.HypothesisCross‐match incompatibility predicts shortened RBC survival time as compared to that of compatible or autologous blood.AnimalsTwenty healthy adult horses.MethodsProspective trial. Blood type, anti‐RBC antibody screen (before and 1 month after transfusion) and major and minor cross‐match determined 10 donor‐recipient pairs. Two pairs were cross‐match compatible, the remainder incompatible. Donor blood (4 L) was collected into citrate phosphate dextrose adenine‐1, labeled with NHS‐biotin, and transfused into recipients. Samples were collected at 1 hour and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after transfusion, and biotinylated RBCs were detected by flow cytometry. Horses were monitored for transfusion reaction during transfusion and daily for 5 days.ResultsCross‐match incompatibility was significantly associated with decreased RBC survival time (P < .001). The half‐life of transfused incompatible (cross‐match >1+) allogenic equine RBCs was 4.7 (95% CI, 3.2–6.2) days versus 33.5 (24–43) days for compatible pairings. Cross‐match incompatibility was associated with acute febrile transfusion reaction (P = .0083). At day 30, only 1 horse had developed novel anti‐RBC antibodies.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCross‐match incompatibility was predictive of febrile transfusion reaction and shortened transfused RBC survival, but did not result in production of anti‐RBC antibodies at 30 days. Cross‐match testing before transfusion is recommended.
What haplodiploids can teach us about hybridization and speciation
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Ross Laura 
Published: October 2015

Most evolutionary theory focuses on species that reproduce through sexual reproduction where both sexes have a diploid chromosome count. Yet a substantial proportion of multicellular species display complex life cycles, with both haploid and diploid life stages. A classic example is haplodiploidy, where females develop from fertilized eggs and are diploid, while males develop from unfertilized eggs and are haploid. Although haplodiploids make up about 15% of all animals (de la Filia et al. ), this type of reproduction is rarely considered in evolutionary theory. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Patten et al. () develop a theoretical model to compare the rate of nuclear and mitochondrial introgression in haplodiploid and diploid species. They show that when two haplodiploid species hybridize, nuclear genes are much less likely to cross the species barrier than if both species were to be diploids. The reason for this is that only half of the offspring resulting from matings between haplodiploid species are true hybrids: sons from such mating only inherit their mother genes and therefore only contain genes of the maternal species. Truly, hybrid males can only occur through backcrossing of a hybrid female to a male of one of the parental species. While this twist of haplodiploid transmission genetics limits nuclear introgression, mitochondrial genes, which are maternally inherited, are unaffected by the scarcity of hybrid males. In other words, the rate of mitochondrial introgression is the same for haplodiploid and diploid species. As a result, haplodiploid species on average show a bias of mitochondrial compared to nuclear introgression.
Next‐generation monitoring of aquatic biodiversity using environmental DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Valentini Alice , Taberlet Pierre , Miaud Claude , Civade Raphaël , Herder Jelger , Thomsen Philip Francis , Bellemain Eva , Besnard Aurélien , Coissac Eric , Boyer Frédéric , Gaboriaud Coline , Jean Pauline , Poulet Nicolas , Roset Nicolas , Copp Gordon H. , Geniez Philippe , Pont Didier , Argillier Christine , Baudoin Jean‐Marc , Peroux Tiphaine , Crivelli Alain J. , Olivier Anthony , Acqueberge Manon , Le Brun Matthieu , Møller Peter R. , Willerslev Eske , Dejean Tony 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGlobal biodiversity in freshwater and the oceans is declining at high rates. Reliable tools for assessing and monitoring aquatic biodiversity, especially for rare and secretive species, are important for efficient and timely management. Recent advances in DNA sequencing have provided a new tool for species detection from DNA present in the environment. In this study, we tested whether an environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding approach, using water samples, can be used for addressing significant questions in ecology and conservation. Two key aquatic vertebrate groups were targeted: amphibians and bony fish. The reliability of this method was cautiously validated in silico, in vitro and in situ. When compared with traditional surveys or historical data, eDNA metabarcoding showed a much better detection probability overall. For amphibians, the detection probability with eDNA metabarcoding was 0.97 (CI = 0.90–0.99) vs. 0.58 (CI = 0.50–0.63) for traditional surveys. For fish, in 89% of the studied sites, the number of taxa detected using the eDNA metabarcoding approach was higher or identical to the number detected using traditional methods. We argue that the proposed DNA‐based approach has the potential to become the next‐generation tool for ecological studies and standardized biodiversity monitoring in a wide range of aquatic ecosystems.
Inverse density dependence of parity rates in the onchocerciasis vector Simulium damnosum s.l.
Authors: CHEKE R. A. , YOUNG S. , GARMS R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA correlation between parity rates and an index of adult numbers of Simulium damnosum s.l. (Diptera: Simuliidae) indicates an association, but does not prove causality or show the direction of any causal relationship. The question of whether adult numbers affect parity rates or vice versa is reminiscent of the age‐old query of which of the chicken and the egg came first. A method for resolving such issues based on analyses of pairs of time series was proposed by Granger in 1969. When Granger's method was applied to monthly numbers of adult female S. damnosum s.l. caught attempting to bite humans at Asubende, Ghana, and their parity rates, a significant relationship (P = 0.005) emerged, clearly showing that parity rates were dependent on adult numbers. Implications of this inverse density dependence and the results of analyses of other similar time series are presented and discussed.
Does the legacy of historical biogeography shape current invasiveness in pines?
Authors: Gallien Laure , Saladin Bianca , Boucher Florian C. , Richardson David M. , Zimmermann Niklaus E. 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Why are some introduced species more successful at establishing and spreading than others? Until now, characteristics of extant species have been intensively investigated to answer this question. We propose to gain new insights on species invasiveness by exploring the long‐term biogeographic and evolutionary history of lineages.

We exemplify our approach using one of the best‐studied invasive plant genera, Pinus. We notably estimated the historical biogeography of pines and the rates of trait evolution in pines. These estimates were analysed with regard to species invasiveness status.

The results revealed that currently invasive species belong to lineages that were particularly successful at colonizing new regions in the past. We also showed that highly mobile lineages had faster rates of niche evolution, but that these rates are poor proxies for species adaptive potential in invaded regions (estimated by niche shift among native and invaded regions).

In summary, working at the interface of ecology, historical biogeography and evolutionary history offers stimulating perspectives to improve our understanding of the drivers of invasion success.
Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses ofChlamydomonas reinhardtiiunder heat stress unveil a direct route for the conversion of membrane lipids into storage lipids
Authors: Légeret B. , Schulz‐Raffelt M. , Nguyen H. M. , Auroy P. , Beisson F. , Peltier G. , Blanc G. , Li‐Beisson Y. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStudying how photosynthetic cells modify membrane lipids in response to heat stress is important to understand how plants and microalgae adapt to daily fluctuations in temperature and to investigate new lipid pathways. Here, we investigate changes occurring in lipid molecular species and lipid metabolism genes during early response to heat stress in the model photosynthetic microorganismChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Lipid molecular species analyses revealed that, after 60 min at 42 °C, a strong decrease in specific polyunsaturated membrane lipids was observed together with an increase in polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs). The fact that decrease in the major chloroplastic monogalactosyldiacylglycerolsn1‐18:3/sn2‐16:4 was mirrored by an accumulation of DAGsn1‐18:3/sn2‐16:4 and TAGsn1‐18:3/sn2‐16:4/sn3‐18:3 indicated that newly accumulated TAGs were formed via direct conversion of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to DAGs then TAGs. Lipidomic analyses showed that the third fatty acid of a TAG likely originated from a phosphatidylethanolamine or a diacylglyceryl‐O‐4′‐(N,N,N,‐trimethyl)‐homoserine betaine lipid species. Candidate genes for this TAG synthesis pathway were provided through comparative transcriptomic analysis and included a phospholipase A2 homolog and the DAG acyltransferase DGTT1. This study gives insights into the molecular events underlying changes in membrane lipids during heat stress and reveals an alternative route for TAG synthesis.
Pityriasis Alba—Common Disease, Enigmatic Entity: Up‐to‐Date Review of the Literature
Authors: Miazek Nina , Michalek Irmina , Pawlowska‐Kisiel Malgorzata , Olszewska Malgorzata , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPityriasis alba (PA) is a skin disorder that affects children and adolescents. Although it is common worldwide, its incidence is markedly higher in darker skin phototypes. Its characteristic features include an extended, multistage course and spontaneous remissions and recurrences. Preceded by erythematous changes, patches of hypopigmented skin of up to a few centimeters in diameter appear on the upper body. Pruritus may accompany it. Even though its etiology is unknown, possible reported triggering factors include sunlight, beauty treatments, and microorganisms, among others. Calcineurin inhibitors play the most crucial role in PA pharmacotherapy. PA often coexists with atopic dermatitis and is considered one of its milder forms.
Advancing Public Policy for High‐Growth, Female, and Social Entrepreneurs
Authors: Terjesen Siri , Bosma Niels , Stam Erik 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFindings from a large and growing body of entrepreneurship research offer insights for public policy and public officials and managers. Entrepreneurship policy is defined as measures undertaken to stimulate entrepreneurship in a region or country. The authors discuss generalizations from empirical research on three types of entrepreneurship activity that are vital for inclusive, sustainable economic growth: high‐growth (stressing economic impact), female (inclusive impact), and social (sustainable impact) entrepreneurship. High‐growth firms make up a small share of all entrepreneurial activity but create the majority of economic growth. Compared to their male counterparts, female entrepreneurs are fewer in number (one‐third of all entrepreneurs) and tend to start ventures with lower financial capital and growth expectations. Social entrepreneurs generally have high levels of education and pursue social objectives, often remedying market failures with innovative solutions. For each entrepreneurship type, the authors provide a definition, empirical generalizations, and implications for public policy.
Detection, Localization and Tyrosine Phosphorylation Status of Ser/Thr Protein Phosphatase1γ in Freshly Ejaculated, In Vitro Capacitated and Cryopreserved Buffalo Spermatozoa
Authors: Naresh S , Atreja SK 
Published: October 2015

ContentsSeveral recent studies have indicated the important roles of Ser/Thr protein phosphatase1γ (PP1γ) in regulating the motility and capacitation of mammalian spermatozoa. Here, we report the presence and distribution of PP1γ protein in freshly ejaculated, in vitro capacitated and cryopreserved buffalo spermatozoa. The presence of PP1γ and its distribution were assessed by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence techniques, whereas the isoforms of PP1γ and their tyrosine phosphorylation status were identified by using 2D electrophoresis. The number of isoforms and the status of tyrosine phosphorylation of PP1γ were increased in capacitated spermatozoa when compared with freshly ejaculated spermatozoa. Differential pattern of expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of PP1γ were observed in cryopreserved spermatozoa, wherein some isoforms were degraded and some were tyrosine phosphorylated. In addition, immunofluorescence technique revealed that PP1γ was localized to principle, mid‐piece, post‐acrosomal and equatorial regions of buffalo spermatozoa. Differential distribution of tyrosine‐phosphorylated proteins were observed in fresh, capacitated and cryopreserved spermatozoa. The tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins (20, 37, 38, 52, 60, 79 and 100 kDa) were increased when sperm cells were incubated with PP1γ inhibitor, okadaic acid. Together, our results suggest that buffalo spermatozoa express different isoforms of PP1γ protein. The protein expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of PP1γ were increased during capacitation. Furthermore, the differential pattern of expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of PP1γ were observed in cryopreserved spermatozoa. In addition, the inhibition of PP1γ protein increases protein tyrosine phosphorylation in capacitation.
The Political Economy of Middle‐Income Traps: Is South Africa in a Long‐Run Growth Trap? The Path to “Bounded Populism”
Authors: Luiz John M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe current literature on middle‐income traps has been dominated by economists who have relied on economic explanations mainly around stages of development and the structural transformation of economies. But there is an equally vigorous literature from political science which speaks to the political economy of transitions. We look at the dynamics of how economic modernisation triggers structural changes with winners and losers and how this is reflected in the polarisation of the political sphere amongst middle‐income countries. This paper asks the question of whether South Africa is an archetypical example of a country stuck in a trap and how this has affected the policy choices that it has made. South Africa needs to move up the value chain with a viable value proposition, and this requires a very different policy set and human capital plan.
Immunization of Mice with a Live Transconjugant Shigella Hybrid Strain Induced Th1 and Th17 Cell‐Mediated Immune Responses and Confirmed Passive Protection Against Heterologous Shigellae
Authors: Nag D. , Koley H. , Sinha R. , Mukherjee P. , Sarkar C. , Withey J. H. , Gachhui R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn avirulent, live transconjugant Shigella hybrid (LTSHΔstx) strain was constructed in our earlier study by introducing a plasmid vector, pPR1347, into a Shiga toxin gene deleted Shigella dysenteriae 1. Three successive oral administrations of LTSHΔstx to female adult mice produced comprehensive passive heterologous protection in their offspring against challenge with wild‐type shigellae. Production of NO and different cytokines such asIL‐12p70, IL‐1β and IL‐23 in peritoneal mice macrophages indicated that LTSHΔstx induced innate and adaptive immunity in mice. Furthermore, production of IFN‐γ, IL‐10 and IL‐17 in LTSH‐primed splenic CD4+ T cell suggested that LTSHΔstx may induce Th1 and Th17 cell‐mediated immune responses. Exponential increase of the serum IgG and IgA titre against whole shigellae was observed in immunized adult mice during and after the immunization with the highest peak on day 35. Antigen‐specific sIgA was also determined from intestinal lavage of immunized mice. The stomach extracts of neonates from immunized mice, mainly containing mother's milk, contained significant levels of anti‐LTSHΔstx immunoglobulin. These studies suggest that the LTSHΔstx could be a new live oral vaccine candidate against shigellosis in the near future.
Le néocorporatisme suisse en déclin? Les commissions extra‐parlementaires dans un environnement en mutation (1957–2010)
Authors: Beetschen Marion , Rebmann Frédéric 
Published: October 2015

RésuméL'analyse diachronique des commissions extra‐parlementaires (CEP) suisses montre un fort déclin de leur composition néocorporatiste dans la seconde moitié du 20ième siècle. Lieux de rencontre et de négociation pour les principaux acteurs des champs économique, scientifique, politique et administratif, les CEP sont traditionnellement considérées comme une importante instance de représentation des groupes d'intérêt en Suisse. Notre contribution interroge la validité de cette position à l'aune des réformes du système commissionnaliste des années 1970–1980 et de la remise en cause du néocorporatisme dès les années 1990. Basés sur l'analyse de l'affiliation des membres de CEP sur quatre dates (1957, 1980, 2000 et 2010), nos résultats indiquent que les CEP perdent leur fonction de concertation et d'intermédiation des différents acteurs impliqués dans le processus décisionnel, au travers notamment d'une baisse de la représentation des intérêts économiques organisés et d'une augmentation de la représentation des acteurs scientifiques ainsi que d'une diminution de la multi‐expertise.
CO2‐dependent metabolic modulation in red blood cells stored under anaerobic conditions
Authors: Dumont Larry J. , D'Alessandro Angelo , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M. , Yoshida Tatsuro 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDAnaerobic red blood cell (RBC) storage reduces oxidative damage, maintains adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels, and has superior 24‐hour recovery at 6 weeks compared to standard storage. This study will determine if removal of CO2 during O2 depletion by gas exchange may affect RBCs during anaerobic storage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a matched three‐arm study (n = 14): control, O2 and CO2 depleted with Ar (AN), and O2 depleted with 95%Ar/5%CO2 (AN[CO2]). RBCs in additives AS‐3 or OFAS‐3 were evenly divided into three bags, and anaerobic conditions were established by gas exchange. Bags were stored at 1 to 6°C in closed chambers under anaerobic conditions or ambient air, sampled weekly for up to 9 weeks for a panel of in vitro tests. A full metabolomics screening was conducted for the first 4 weeks of storage.RESULTSPurging with Ar (AN) results in alkalization of the RBC and increased glucose consumption. The addition of 5% CO2 to the purging gas prevented CO2 loss with an equivalent starting and final pH and lactate to control bags (p > 0.5, Days 0‐21). ATP levels are higher in AN[CO2] (p < 0.0001). DPG was maintained beyond 2 weeks in the AN arm (p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, DPG was lost at the same rate in both control and AN[CO2] arms (p = 0.6).CONCLUSIONMaintenance of ATP in the AN[CO2] arm demonstrates that ATP production is not solely a function of the pH effect on glycolysis. CO2 in anaerobic storage prevented the maintenance of DPG, and DPG production appears to be pH dependent. CO2 as well as O2 depletion provides metabolic advantage for stored RBCs.
Microvascular proliferation in luminal A and basal-like breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Kraby Maria Ryssdal , Krüger Kristi , Opdahl Signe , Vatten Lars J , Akslen Lars A , Bofin Anna M 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe aims of this study were to examine microvessel density (MVD), proliferating MVD (pMVD) and Vascular Proliferation Index (VPI) in basal-like phenotype (BP) and luminal A subtypes of breast cancer and to study their prognostic value.MethodsDual-colour immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor and Ki67 was done on sections from 62 luminal A and 62 BP tumours matched for grade and selected from 909 breast cancers previously reclassified into molecular subtypes. Associations between MVD, pMVD and VPI, molecular subtypes and breast cancer prognosis were estimated using linear regression and survival analyses.ResultsBoth pMVD (difference 1.9 microvessels/mm2(p=0.002)) and VPI (difference 1.7 percentage points (p=0.014)) were higher in BP tumours compared with luminal A. No clear difference between subtypes was found for MVD. However, only MVD was associated with prognosis. HR for breast cancer death for all cases was 1.10 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.18) per 10 vessels increase. Among luminal A tumours, HR was 1.22 per 10 vessels increase (p<0.001) and in BP it was 1.04 (p=0.37).ConclusionsHigh MVD was associated with poor prognosis in luminal A, but not in BP cancers. Vascular proliferation was higher in BP, indicating a more active angiogenesis than in luminal A tumours. The luminal A subgroup comprised mostly histopathological grade 3 cancers in this selected series, and further studies are needed to clarify whether MVD provides additional prognostic information for luminal A tumours irrespective of grade. This may contribute to stratification of this large group of patients and may aid in identifying tumours with a particularly good prognosis.
The universal Ehrenfest scheme on black holes
Authors: Zhang Li-Chun , Zhao Ren 
Published: October 2015

By use of the Jacobi determinant, we verify that, for a thermodynamic system which satisfies the first law of thermodynamics, if only there is second-order phase transition in the system, the Prigogine–Defay ratio is the constant 1. This conclusion is universal and independent of the concrete forms of the thermodynamic functions and also apply to black holes.