bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A noise‐tolerant fuzzy‐type zeroing neural network for robust synchronization of chaotic systems
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Lv , Jin Jie 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAs a significant research issue in control and science field, chaos synchronization has attracted wide attention in recent years. However, it is difficult for traditional control methods to realize synchronization in predefined time and resist external interference effectively. Inspired by the excellent performance of zeroing neural network (ZNN) and the wide application of fuzzy logic system (FLS), a noise‐tolerant fuzzy‐type zeroing neural network (NTFTZNN) with fuzzy time‐varying convergent parameter is proposed for the synchronization of chaotic systems in this paper. Notably the fuzzy parameter generated from FLS combined with traditional convergent parameter embedded into this NTFTZNN can adjust the convergence rate according to the synchronization errors. For the sake of emphasizing the advantages of NTFTZNN model, other three sets of contrast models (FTZNN, VPZNN, and PTZNN) are constructed for the purpose of comparison. Besides, the predefined‐time convergence and noise‐tolerant ability of NTFTZNN model are distinctly demonstrated by detailed theoretical analysis. Furthermore, synchronization simulation experiments including two chaotic systems with different dimensions are provided to verify the related mathematical theories. Finally, the schematic of NTFTZNN model for chaos synchronization is accomplished completely through Simulink, further accentuating its effectiveness and potentials in practical applications.
Scavenging Radionuclide by Shapeable Porous Materials
Authors: Jing Xue‐Zhuo , Li Hai‐Ruo , Di Zhengyi , Liu Qing‐Xiang , Li Cheng‐Peng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNuclear energy is a competitive and environmentally friendly low‐carbon energy source. It is seen as an important avenue for satisfying energy demands, responding to the energy crisis, and mitigating global climate change. However, much attention has been paid to achieving the effective treatment of radionuclide ions produced in nuclear waste. Initially, advanced adsorbents were mainly available in powder form, which meant that additional purification processes were usually required for separation and recovery in industrial applications. Therefore, to meet the practical requirements of industrial applications, materials need to be molded and processed into forms such as beads, membranes, gels, and resins. Here, we summarize the fabrication of porous materials used for capturing typical radionuclide ions, including UO22+, TcO4−, IO3−, SeO32−, and SeO42−.
Quitting silently: A longitudinal research on the impact of workplace conflict and nonviolent work behavior
Authors: Bansal Suhans , Garg Naval 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the moderation effect of nonviolent work behavior on the relationship between workplace conflict and quiet quitting. The study is based on a longitudinal research design and uses AMOS to explore the results. Age and gender were used as control variables. The results suggest that the two dimensions of workplace conflict, that is, relationship and task conflicts, lead to the development of quiet quitting among Indian IT industry employees. The results also indicate that practicing nonviolent work behavior can reduce the development of quiet quitting arising out of workplace conflict. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies that confirm the moderating role of nonviolent work behavior on the relationship between workplace conflict and quiet quitting, especially in India.
Plant‐derived exosomes: A new frontier in nano‐medicine for cancer and microbial infection therapy
Authors: Maitra Swastika , Sarkar Subham , Dhara Bikram 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have emerged as pivotal players in cell‐to‐cell communication. Plant‐derived exosomes, in particular, are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic applications in nano‐medicine. These vesicles are naturally occurring nanoparticles that carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and ability to traverse biological barriers, plant‐derived exosomes present a promising alternative to synthetic nanoparticles for drug delivery, especially in cancer and microbial infection therapy. Exosomes are secreted by almost every cell and are profusely present in all living organisms, making them excellent candidates for a large spectrum of research and applications. This paper describes the highly organized and regulated biosynthesis of exosomes and the prospects of their application in cancer therapy and treatment of microbial infections.
Optimal interference mitigation with deep learningbased channel access in wireless body area networks
Authors: Periyamuthaiah Sakthivel , Vembu Sumathy 
Published: July 2024

SummaryWireless body area networks (WBANs) are essential for medical applications, especially in remote health monitoring, as they transmit crucial and time‐sensitive data collected by nodes positioned around or within the body. However, the coexistence of WBANs with wireless channels can degrade performance due to interference. This study introduces OIM‐DLCAM, an optimal interference mitigation scheme for WBANs, which utilizes a deep learning‐based channel access method. OIM‐DLCAM addresses interference through the multiobjective Hungarian optimization (MOHO) algorithm, considering design constraints such as node transmission power, packet delivery ratio, and interference range. Additionally, it employs a deep probabilistic neural network‐based channel access method (DPNN‐CAM) to effectively mitigate interference by making decisions regarding contention window size, frame length, and buffer size. The proposed OIM‐DLCAM scheme ensures fairness between users while enhancing system performance. Simulation results from both static and dynamic sensor node scenarios demonstrate its effectiveness under various conditions, showcasing its potential to improve WBAN performance in medical applications. The simulations reveal that OIM‐DLCAM outperforms existing state‐of‐the‐art schemes across various scenarios, with efficiency gains of up to 86.187%, 72.452%, and 47.954% for WBAN node density, mobility, and packet arrival rate, respectively. Moreover, it significantly reduces the average end‐to‐end delay and packet drop rate while improving throughput and packet delivery ratio compared with existing schemes. Additionally, comparisons with industry standards, such as the IEEE 802.15.4e norm, validate the suitability of OIM‐DLCAM for cofounded WBANs.
“Nobody Here Likes Her”—The Impact of Parental Verbal Threat Information on Children's Fear of Strangers
Authors: Nimphy Cosima A. , Elzinga Bernet M. , Van der Does Willem , Van Bockstaele Bram , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Westenberg Michiel , Aktar Evin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTParental verbal threat (vs. safety) information about strangers may induce fears of these strangers in adolescents. In this multi‐method experimental study, utilizing a within‐subject design, parents provided standardized verbal threat or safety information to their offspring (N = 77, Mage = 11.62 years, 42 girls) regarding two strangers in the lab. We also explored whether the impact of parental verbal threat information differs depending on the social anxiety levels of parents or fearful temperaments of adolescents. Adolescent's fear of strangers during social interaction tasks was assessed using cognitive (fear beliefs, attention bias), behavioral (observed avoidance and anxiety), and physiological (heart rate) indices. We also explored whether the impact of parental verbal threat information differs depending on the social anxiety levels of parents or fearful temperaments of adolescents. The findings suggest that a single exposure to parental verbal threat (vs. safety) information increased adolescent's self‐reported fears about the strangers but did not increase their fearful behaviors, heart rate, or attentional bias. Furthermore, adolescents of parents with higher social anxiety levels or adolescents with fearful temperaments were not more strongly impacted by parental verbal threat information. Longitudinal research and studies investigating parents’ naturalistic verbal expressions of threat are needed to expand our understanding of this potential verbal fear‐learning pathway.
Strong and consistent effects of waterbird composition on HPAI H5 occurrences across Europe
Authors: Yin Shenglai , Xu Chi , Zhang Yong , de Boer Willem F. , Mundkur Taej , Artois Jean , Velkers Francisca C. , Takekawa John Y. , Si Yali , Tian Huaiyu , Han Guan‐Zhu , Chen Yuyang , Chai Hongliang , Cui Lijuan , Huang Zheng Y. X. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince 2014, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 have been dominating the outbreaks across Europe, causing massive deaths among poultry and wild birds. However, the factors shaping these broad‐scale outbreak patterns, especially those related to waterbird community composition, remain unclear. In particular, we do not know whether these risk factors differ from those of other H5 clades. Addressing this knowledge gap is important for predicting and preventing future HPAI outbreaks. Using extensive waterbird survey datasets from about 6883 sites, we here explored the effect of waterbird community composition on HPAI H5Nx (clade 2.3.4.4) spatial patterns in the 2016/2017 and 2020/2021 epidemics in Europe, and compared it with the 2005/2006 HPAI H5N1 (clade 2.2) epidemic. We showed that HPAI H5 occurrences in wild birds in the three epidemics were strongly associated with very similar waterbird community attributes, which suggested that, in nature, similar interspecific transmission processes operate between the HPAI H5 subtypes or clades. Importantly, community phylogenetic diversity consistently showed a negative association with H5 occurrence in all three epidemics, suggesting a dilution effect of phylogenetic diversity. In contrast, waterbird community variables showed much weaker associations with HPAI H5Nx occurrence in poultry. Our results demonstrate that models based on previous epidemics can predict future HPAI H5 patterns in wild birds, implying that it is important to include waterbird community factors in future HPAI studies to predict outbreaks and improve surveillance activities.
Food availability aligns with contrasting demographics in populations of an at‐risk songbird
Authors: Keele Emma C. , Fiss Cameron J. , McNeil Darin J. , Anderson Meredith , Thomas Nathan , Shaffer Dakotah , Larkin Jeffery L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGolden‐winged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) have become rare across much of their historic breeding range and response to conservation efforts is variable. Evidence from several recent studies suggests that breeding output is a primary driver explaining responses to conservation and it is hypothesized that differences in food availability may be driving breeding output disparity between two subpopulations of the warbler's Appalachian breeding range. Herein, we studied two subpopulations: central Pennsylvania (“central subpopulation”), where breeding productivity is relatively low, and eastern Pennsylvania (“eastern subpopulation”), where breeding productivity is relatively high. To test the food‐availability hypothesis in this system, we measured density of caterpillars, plasma lipid metabolites (triglycerides [TRIG; fat deposition] and glycerol [GLYC; fat breakdown]), body mass of adults males, and acquired body mass data for fledglings at 38 sites managed for nesting habitat. Consistent with our prediction, leaf‐roller caterpillar density, the group upon which Golden‐winged Warblers specialize, was 45× lower in the central subpopulation than the eastern subpopulation. TRIG concentrations were highest within the eastern subpopulation during breeding grounds arrival. The change in TRIG concentrations from the breeding‐grounds‐arrival stage to the nestling‐rearing stage was subpopulation dependent: TRIG decreased in the eastern subpopulation and was constant in the central subpopulation, resulting in similar concentrations during the nestling‐rearing stage. Furthermore, GLYC concentrations were higher in the eastern subpopulation, which suggests greater energy demands in this region. Despite this, adult male warblers in the eastern subpopulation maintained a higher average body mass. Finally, fledgling body mass was 16% greater in the eastern subpopulation than the central subpopulation before and after fledging. Collectively, our results suggest that poor breeding success of Golden‐winged Warblers in the central subpopulation could be driven by lower availability of primary prey during the breeding season (leaf‐roller caterpillars), and this, in turn, limits their response to conservation efforts.
Predicting the distribution of potentially suitable habitat in China for Cirsium japonicum Fisch. ex DC. under future climate scenarios based on the R‐optimized MaxEnt model
Authors: Fang Hu‐Qiang , Jiang Zi‐Xuan , Chen Shi‐Mao , Xie Tao , Xue Yu , Song Jia , Yang Qing‐Shan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCirsium japonicum contains a variety of medicinal components with good clinical efficacy. With the rapid changes in global climate, it is increasingly important to study the distribution of species habitats and the factors influencing their adaptability. Utilizing the MaxEnt model, we forecasted the present and future distribution regions of suitable habitats for C. japonicum under various climate scenarios. The outcome showed that under the current climate, the total suitable area of C. japonicum is 2,303,624 km2 and the highly suitable area is 79,117 km2. The distribution of C. japonicum is significantly influenced by key environmental factors such as temperature annual range, precipitation of the driest month, and precipitation of the wettest month. In light of future climate change, the suitable habitat for C. japonicum is anticipated to progressively relocate toward the western and northern regions, leading to an expansion in the total suitable area. These findings offer valuable insights into the conservation, sustainable utilization, and standardized cultivation of wild C. japonicum resources.
Landscape genomics reveals genetic signals of environmental adaptation of African wild eggplants
Authors: Omondi Emmanuel O. , Lin Chen‐Yu , Huang Shu‐Mei , Liao Cheng‐An , Lin Ya‐Ping , Oliva Ricardo , van Zonneveld Maarten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCrop wild relatives (CWR) provide a valuable resource for improving crops. They possess desirable traits that confer resilience to various environmental stresses. To fully utilize crop wild relatives in breeding and conservation programs, it is important to understand the genetic basis of their adaptation. Landscape genomics associates environments with genomic variation and allows for examining the genetic basis of adaptation. Our study examined the differences in allele frequency of 15,416 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) generated through genotyping by sequencing approach among 153 accessions of 15 wild eggplant relatives and two cultivated species from Africa, the principal hotspot of these wild relatives. We also explored the correlation between these variations and the bioclimatic and soil conditions at their collection sites, providing a comprehensive understanding of the genetic signals of environmental adaptation in African wild eggplant. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the environmental variation explained 6% while the geographical distances among the collection sites explained 15% of the genomic variation in the eggplant wild relative populations when controlling for population structure. Our findings indicate that even though environmental factors are not the main driver of selection in eggplant wild relatives, it is influential in shaping the genomic variation over time. The selected environmental variables and candidate SNPs effectively revealed grouping patterns according to the environmental characteristics of sampling sites. Using four genotype–environment association methods, we detected 396 candidate SNPs (2.5% of the initial SNPs) associated with eight environmental factors. Some of these SNPs signal genes involved in pathways that help adapt to environmental stresses such as drought, heat, cold, salinity, pests, and diseases. These candidate SNPs will be useful for marker‐assisted improvement and characterizing the germplasm of this crop for developing climate‐resilient eggplant varieties. The study provides a model for applying landscape genomics to other crops' wild relatives.
The impact of host development and density stress on the diversity of microbial communities in the gut and its surrounding environment of the Chinese alligator
Authors: Wang Chong , Li Changcheng , Liu Peng , Zhang Song , Zhou Yongkang , Zhang Xuesong , Wang Yingchao , Liu Ruoya , Wu Xiaobing , Nie Haitao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is currently an endangered species due to a combination of factors, including climate change, anthropogenic activities, and habitat fragmentation. Captivity plays a crucial role in mitigating the decline of the Chinese alligator population. Currently, there is a lack of clarity regarding the influence of host development and captive conditions on the gut microbiota of Chinese alligators. The aim of the study was to investigate the gut bacterial communities of Chinese alligators and their surrounding environmental bacterial communities using 16S rRNA sequencing. The primary gut flora of Chinese alligators consists of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Proteobacteria is the most abundant and efficient settler in the gut, water, and sediment. PCoA and Adonis test revealed significant differences in bacterial communities across these habitats. Venn analysis revealed overlap in OTUs among the gut, water, and sediment, varying with growth stage and density stress. Different growth stages of Chinese alligator guts harbor distinct pathogenic bacteria, requiring attention. Density stress leads to an increase in pathogenic bacteria, a decrease in gut absorption efficiency. PICRUst2 predicts more abundant metabolic pathways related to gut function during high‐density stress, possibly linked to Roseburia. SourceTracker Analysis indicated that water bacteria have a greater impact on Chinese alligator gut bacteria than sediment, and density stress significantly affects the contribution of environmental microorganisms to the gut microbes of Chinese alligator. BugBase analysis identified water body microbes as the main source of “potentially pathogenic” phenotypes in the gut microbiota. RDA analysis found dissolved oxygen (DO) in water to be the most significant factor influencing water microorganisms, positively correlated with certain pathogenic strains. These findings enhance our understanding of the significance of microbial communities in the gut and surrounding aquatic environment of the Chinese alligator. Furthermore, they provide theoretical support for environmental regulation, disease control, and healthy breeding.
Human‐wildlife conflict at high altitude: A case from Gaurishankar conservation area, Nepal
Authors: Pathak Abhinaya , Lamichhane Saneer , Dhakal Maheshwar , Karki Ajay , Dhakal Bed Kumar , Chetri Madhu , Mintz Jeffrey , Pun Prakash , Neupane Pramila , Dahal Tulasi Prasad , Rayamajhi Trishna , Paudel Prashamsa , Thapa Ashim , Regmi Pramod Raj , Thami Shankar , Thapa Ganesh , Khanal Suraj , Lama Supriya , Karki Jenisha , Khanal Sujan , Ferdin Arockia E J 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict studies of high‐altitude areas are rare due to budget constraints and the challenging nature of research in these remote environments. This study investigates the prevalence and increasing trend of human–wildlife conflict (HWC) in the mountainous Gaurishankar Conservation Area (GCA) of Nepal, with a specific focus on leopard (Panthera pardus) and Himalayan black bear (Ursus thibetanus laniger). The study analyzes a decade of HWC reports and identifies goats as the livestock most targeted by leopards. The Dolakha district of GCA received the highest number of reports, highlighting the need for mitigation measures in the area. In GCA, livestock attacks accounted for 85% of compensation, with the remaining 15% for human injuries. We estimate that the number of reported wildlife attacks grew on average by 33% per year, with an additional increase of 57 reports per year following the implementation of a new compensation policy during BS 2076 (2019 AD). While bear attacks showed no significant change post‐rule alteration, leopard attack reports surged from 1 to 60 annually, indicating improved compensation may have resulted in increased leopard‐attack reporting rates. The findings emphasize the economic impact of HWC on local communities and suggest strategies such as increasing prey populations, promoting community education and awareness, enhancing alternative livelihood options, developing community‐based insurance programs, and implementing secure enclosures (corrals) to minimize conflicts and foster harmonious coexistence. This research addresses a knowledge gap in HWC in high‐altitude conservation areas like the GCA, providing valuable insights for conservation stakeholders and contributing to biodiversity conservation and the well‐being of humans and wildlife.
Within‐plant coexistence of viruses across nitrogen and phosphorus supply rates
Authors: Kendig Amy E. , Seabloom Eric W. , Pell Bruce , Kuang Yang , Borer Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost species can be coinfected by multiple pathogens that may interact through shared resources (i.e., resource competition) or the host immune system (i.e., apparent competition). Community theory developed for free‐living organisms suggests that coinfecting pathogens can persist if they satisfy the mutual invasion criterion of coexistence, establishing infections in hosts that are already infected. Furthermore, the likelihood of coexistence may depend on host nutrition which can affect shared resources and host immunity. Here, we apply the novel approach of combining a dynamical model and experimental mutual invasibility trials to explore the effects of host nutrient supply on the coexistence of two viral plant pathogens. We focus on among‐pathogen interactions mediated by shared resources. First, we used a model to generate hypotheses about how nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supply rates affect the ability of two plant viruses to invade established infections of the other virus. Then, we experimentally manipulated the N and P supplied to oats (Avena sativa) in a growth chamber experiment and tested mutual invasion of two RNA viral pathogens, BYDV‐PAV and CYDV‐RPV. Nutrient supplies ranged from rates that barely kept hosts alive up to high, but sub‐toxic, rates. Model simulations suggested that the viruses were more likely to invade established infections either when they could replicate at lower N and P concentrations or when plant N and P concentrations increased due to a combination of nutrient supply rates and resident virus nutrient use. In the experiment, each virus successfully invaded hosts infected by the other and had consistent growth rates across N and P supply rates. Our results suggest that BYDV‐PAV and CYDV‐RPV can coexist across a wide range environmental nutrient supply, which is consistent with the high levels of co‐occurrence of these two viruses in field populations.