bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of marine neurotoxins in food safety testing using a multielectrode array
Authors: Nicolas Jonathan , Hendriksen Peter J. M. , van Kleef Regina G. D. M. , de Groot Aart , Bovee Toine F. H. , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Westerink Remco H. S. 
Published: September 2014

ScopeAt the European level, detection of marine neurotoxins in seafood is still based on ethically debated and expensive in vivo rodent bioassays. The development of alternative methodologies for the detection of marine neurotoxins is therefore of utmost importance. We therefore investigated whether and to what extent a multielectrode array (MEA) approach can be used as an in vitro alternative for screening of marine neurotoxins potentially present in seafood.MethodsThis MEA approach utilizes rat cortical neurons comprising a wide range of ion channels/pumps and neurotransmitter receptors targeted by marine neurotoxins. We tested the effects of neurotoxic model compounds, pure marine neurotoxins, and extracts from contaminated seafood on neuronal activity of rat cortical neurons cultured on commercial 48‐well plates to increase throughput.ConclusionWe demonstrate that the MEA approach has a sensitivity of 88% (7/9 model compounds, 6/6 pure marine neurotoxins, and 2/2 marine neurotoxins present in seafood extracts were correctly identified) and a good reproducibility compared to existing in vitro alternatives. We therefore conclude that this MEA‐based approach could be a valuable tool for future food safety testing.
Prenatal sonographic predictors of postnatal pyeloplasty in fetuses with isolated hydronephrosis
Authors: Mudrik‐Zohar Hadar , Meizner Israel , Bar‐Sever Zvi , Ben‐Meir David , Davidovits Miriam 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo define prenatal sonographic predictors of ureteropelvic junction obstruction requiring postnatal pyeloplasty, in fetuses with isolated hydronephrosis.MethodsRetrospective data on prenatal sonographic parameters were compared between patients who had been diagnosed prenatally with hydronephrosis and either underwent postnatal pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction (n = 39) or were treated conservatively (n = 30).ResultsSignificant differences between the surgically and conservatively treated patients were found for mean anterior–posterior renal diameter (22.8 ± 8.6 vs 14.2 ± 5.9 mm, respectively, p < 0.0001) and parenchymal thickness (5.9 ± 2.8 vs 8.1 ± 2.6 mm, p = 0.009). Anterior–posterior diameter >14 mm was the best single predictor of the need for surgery (area under the ROC curve, 0.817), with sensitivity 77%, specificity 69%, positive predictive value (PPV) 77% and negative predictive value (NPV) 69% (β = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.07–1.28, p < 0.001). Mean ratio of anterior–posterior diameter to parenchymal thickness was significantly higher in the postnatal pyeloplasty group (5.4 ± 4.5 vs 2.1 ± 1.4, p = 0.0001). A ratio >2.1 had a sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 65% for the need for surgery (area under the curve 0.822, PPV 79%, NPV 77%; β = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.16–3.17, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn cases of prenatal isolated hydronephrosis, the pelvic anterior–posterior diameter and parenchymal thickness may predict the need for postnatal pyeloplasty. A ratio of >2.1 of pelvic anterior–posterior diameter to parenchymal thickness suggests ureteropelvic junction obstruction and supports the use of more intensive prenatal and postnatal surveillance. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of total gas pressure in sputtered hydrogenated amorphous silicon
Authors: Fedala Abdelkrim , Dad Aghilas , Khefiani‐Guellil Moussa , Tata Sonia , Simon Claude , Mohammed‐Brahim Tayeb 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin films are prepared using DC magnetron sputtering method at a substrate temperature of 200 °C using a plasma of argon and hydrogen gas mixture. The effects of the total gas pressure (TGP) during the deposition on structural, optical and electrical properties of the films are investigated. A decrease of the polyhydride bonding groups concentration (SiHn) is observed in FTIR spectra when the TGP increases. The optical gap remains constant. With increasing TGP the dark and photoconductivity increase, the defect density of states determined from constant photocurrent method (CPM) decreases, and the quantum efficiency mobility lifetime product (ημτ) is enhanced by a factor of more than fifty. Thus, the structural and electrical properties are enhanced by only increasing the TGP. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Silicon film deposition on crystalline, sintered and powder substrates using an inline optical processing CVD system
Authors: Augusto André , Serra Filipe , Vallêra António , Serra João M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn inline optical CVD process operating at low temperature (<873 K) and at atmospheric pressure is presented here to grow silicon films on top of crystalline, sintered silicon and pressed silicon powder substrates moving at constant speed (>10 mm/min) inside the furnace. Solid silicon substrates were laser textured to reduce the reflectivity, leveraging the growth rates. Laser patterning has a strong influence in the growth rate, reaching values up to 9 µm/min. Using pressed silicon powder substrates, growth rates increase dramatically to 40‐90 µm/min. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of a Stable, a Metastable and a High Temperature Modification of Pb2NaIO6
Authors: Kubel Frank , Pantazi Mariana , Wandl Nicole , Hagemann Hans 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn analogy to the synthesis of polycrystalline M2NaIO6 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) by precipitation in water at 90 °C, the title compound was first prepared as a metastable compound. The stable modification of Pb2NaIO6 was obtained by a heat treatment to 400 °C followed by cooling to room temperature. The crystal structure was refined from powder diffraction data [space group P21/c (14), a = 5.9040(2), b = 5.7526(2), c = 10.1104(3) Å, β = 125.341(1)°]. On heating, at ca. 125 °C, a phase transition to a cubic high temperature modification was observed. The crystal structure was refined from XRD data measured at 200 °C [space group Fm$\bar{3}$m (225), a = 8.2678(1) Å]. Depending on the precipitation temperature between 90 °C and 0 °C, several metastable modifications were obtained, which can be distinguished by significantly different lattice parameters. The XRD pattern of a powder precipitated at room temperature is pseudocubic. The crystal structure was refined at room temperature in P21/c with a = 5.8201(4), b = 5.8473(4), c = 10.0798(5) Å, β = 125.074(3)°. This modification behaves almost as a cubic lattice on heating as found from XRD and DSC measurements.
Coordination Architectures of Manganese Complexes based on the Liagnd 3‐Pytza or Mixed Ligands [3‐Pytza = 5‐(3‐Pyridyl)tetrazole‐2‐acetato]
Authors: Zou Jian Hua , Tian He , Wang Zhong , Li Fu Song , Zhang Fei Fei , Zhao Li Yang , Zhang Ping , Zhu Da Liang , Yang Gao Wen , Li Qiao Yun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractReactions of K3‐pytza [K3‐pytza = 5‐(3‐pyridyl) tetrazole‐2‐acetato potassium salt] with MnCl2·4H2O and 4,4′‐bipy or mixed ligands with 4,4′‐bipy (4,4′bipy = 4,4′‐bipyridine), produced two new coordination compounds, [Mn(3‐pytza)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Mn(3‐pytza)2(4,4′‐bipy)] (2). The two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 displays a 1D polymeric chain structure, whereas compound 2 shows a 2D layer network. The two polymers are self‐assembled to form 3D supramolecular networks by hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, the luminescence of 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature were also investigated.
Regional glucose metabolic reduction in dementia with Lewy bodies is independent of amyloid deposition
Authors: Ishii Kazunari , Hosokawa Chisa , Hyodo Tomoko , Sakaguchi Kenta , Usami Kimio , Shimamoto Kenji , Hosono Makoto , Yamazoe Yuzuru , Murakami Takamichi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Purpose
There is evidence that some cases of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) can demonstrate Alzheimer disease (AD) like reduced glucose metabolism without amyloid deposition. The aim of this study was to clarify whether regional hypometabolism is related to amyloid deposits in the DLB brain and measure the degree of regional hypometabolism.

Methods
Ten consecutive subjects with DLB and 10 AD patients who underwent both Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG)-PET were included in this study. Regional standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR)s normalised to cerebellar cortices were calculated in the FDG- and PiB-PET images.

Results
All AD patients and five DLB patients showed amyloid deposits (PiB positive). In the DLB group the parietotemporal and occipital metabolism were significantly lower than those in the AD group but there was no difference between the posterior cingulate hypometabolism between DLB and AD groups. There were no differences in regional glucose metabolism between PiB positive and negative DLB patients.

Conclusions
In the DLB brain, it is suggested that decreased regional glucose metabolism is unrelated to amyloid deposits, although the hypometabolic area overlaps with the AD hypometabolic area and the degree of parietotemporal and occipital hypometabolism in DLB brain is much larger than that in AD brain.
Geochemical characteristics of the sapropel sediments of small lakes in the Ob’–Irtysh interfluve
Authors: Strakhovenko V.D. , Taran O.P. , Ermolaeva N.I. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
More than 20,000 lakes with sapropel sediments are located in southern West Siberia. The work is aimed at an integrated geochemical study of ten sapropel lake systems: a geochemical description of the lake waters, hydrobiological analysis, and analysis of the sapropels (phase and chemical analyses of inorganic matter and elemental analysis of organic matter).
The geochemical landscape and low-flow regime of the waters of Siberian small lakes favor massive growth of living organisms. The anaerobic medium at the water/sediment boundary promotes the burial of organic matter as terrigenous material builds up. Based on the results, the sapropels are classified by chemical and mineral compositions into organic, organic siliceous, organic carbonate, organic carbonate-siliceous, and carbonate-siliceous. The sapropels inherit the contents of elements in soils and parental rocks, but the presence of considerable amounts of organic matter in the sediment determines their lower contents with respect to those in the soils of water catchment areas (except U, Cd, Hg, Ca, Sr, and Mn). Biochemical formation of pyrite and calcite is observed in the lake bottom sediments. The calcite formation in the sapropel sediments of Lakes Barchin, Bergul’, Kankul’, and Itkul’ determines their high Ca, Sr, Mn, and Mg contents. Comparison of data on the anion composition of the waters and the organic and mineral compositions of the sapropels has shown that the formation of low-ash biogenic sapropel takes place in lakes whose waters contain a considerable amount of dissolved organic matter and in which HCO3− is a predominant anion. No effect of the cation composition of the waters (Na, Ca, and Mg) on the sapropel composition has been detected. Therefore, Lakes Kankul’, Kachkul’nya, Bergul’, Barchin, and Kambala are the sapropel lake systems with the highest potential.
Sedimentation regime and accommodation space in the Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous on the eastern Russian Plate
Authors: Zorina S.O. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study presents new data on transgressive–regressive and accommodation–sedimentation regimes in the eastern Russian Plate during the Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous. The proposed generalized scheme illustrating the combined effects of three major factors (eustasy, tectonic “noise”, and depositional gradient) controlling the deposition of sequences with different stratal architecture allowed us to quantify the parameters of sedimentation (δS) and accommodation (δA) for second- and third-order cycles. A distinctive feature of the evolution of the Middle Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous sedimentary basin is the excess of accommodation space over sediment supply, which was not conducive to creation of clinoforms. The difference between stacking patterns in individual time intervals and the estimated values of δA/δS may be indicative of the presence of unidentified stratigraphic breaks in the Bathonian and Late Tithonian–Berriasian, which were accompanied by erosion and reworking of sand strata. The stepwise regressive-transgressive deepening during the Oxfordian–Early Tithonian and transgressive–regressive shallowing during the Late Tithonian–Berriasian were probably caused by short-term manifestations of local tectonic “noise”, and depositional hiatuses accompanied by the erosion of missing elements in the structure of third-order cycles. The Lower Cretaceous succession exhibits no mismatch between transgressive–regressive and retrogradational–progradational cycling, which provides another supporting evidence for a quiet tectonoeustatic and sedimentation regime during the Early Cretaceous compared to that of Middle–Late Jurassic time.
Shakespeare's Christian Vision in Henry VIII
Authors: Nichols Mary P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn Henry VIII, Shakespeare looks beyond religious conflict to express a larger moral—and Christian—vision. He offers a panorama of Christian virtues and characters who manifest them, indicating by their actions and sufferings the role their virtues might play in supporting nobility and justice. He also finds support in Christianity for deriving noble and base from the character of one's soul rather than from birth and for a reliance on fair judicial procedure rather than on the sword for the protection of justice. Finally, in the relation between Henry VIII and Archbishop Cranmer, Shakespeare illustrates a politics that protects religious belief from persecution. Henry VIII offers a vision of the virtues of Christianity that could contribute to a good political community, or at least to understanding what such a community entails.
Measures of product design adaptability for changing requirements
Authors: Uckun Serdar , Mackey Ryan , Do Minh , Zhou Rong , Huang Eric , Shah Jami J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAdaptability can have many different definitions: reliability, robustness, survivability, and changeability (adaptability to requirements change). In this research, we focused entirely on the last type. We discuss two alternative approaches to requirements change adaptability. One is the valuation approach that is based on utility and cost of design changes in response to modified requirements. The valuation approach is theoretically sound because it is based on utility and decision theory, but it may be difficult to use in the real world. The second approach is based on examining product architecture characteristics that facilitate changes that include modularity, hierarchy, interfaces, performance sensitivity, and design margins. This approach is heuristic in nature but more practical to use. If calibrated, it could serve as a surrogate for real adaptability. These measures were incorporated in a software tool for exploring alternative configurations of fractionated space satellite systems.
Exploring the effectiveness of parallel systems in distributed design processes subjected to stochastic disruptions
Authors: Ghosh Sourobh , Devendorf Erich , Lewis Kemper 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDuring the design of complex systems, a design process may be subjected to stochastic disruptions, interruptions, and changes, which can be described broadly as “design impulses.” These impulses can have a significant impact on the transient response and converged equilibrium for the design system. We distinguish this research by focusing on the interactions between local and architectural impulses in the form of designer mistakes and dissolution, division, and combination impulses, respectively, for a distributed design case study. We provide statistical support for the “parallel character hypothesis,” which asserts that parallel arrangements generally best mitigate dissolution and division impulses. We find that local impulses tend to slow convergence, but systems also subjected to dissolution or division impulses still favor parallel arrangements. We statistically uphold the conclusion that the strategy to mitigate combination impulses is unaffected by the presence of local impulses.
Hospital Disaster Response Using Business Impact Analysis
Authors: Suginaka Hiroshi , Okamoto Ken , Hirano Yohei , Fukumoto Yuichi , Morikawa Miki , Oode Yasumasa , Sumi Yuka , Inoue Yoshiaki , Matsuda Shigeru , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe catastrophic Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 created a crisis in a university-affiliated hospital by disrupting the water supply for 10 days. In response, this study was conducted to analyze water use and prioritize water consumption in each department of the hospital by applying a business impact analysis (BIA). Identifying the minimum amount of water necessary for continuing operations during a disaster was an additional goal.ProblemWater is essential for many hospital operations and disaster-ready policies must be in place for the safety and continued care of patients.MethodsA team of doctors, nurses, and office workers in the hospital devised a BIA questionnaire to examine all operations using water. The questionnaire included department name, operation name, suggested substitutes for water, and the estimated daily amount of water consumption. Operations were placed in one of three ranks (S, A, or B) depending on the impact on patients and the need for operational continuity. Recovery time objective (RTO), which is equivalent to the maximum tolerable period of disruption, was determined. Furthermore, the actual use of water and the efficiency of substitute methods, practiced during the water-disrupted periods, were verified in each operation.ResultsThere were 24 activities using water in eight departments, and the estimated water consumption in the hospital was 326 (SD = 17) m3per day: 64 (SD = 3) m3for S (20%), 167 (SD = 8) m3for A (51%), and 95 (SD = 5) m3for B operations (29%). During the disruption, the hospital had about 520 m3of available water. When the RTO was set to four days, the amount of water available would have been 130 m3per day. During the crisis, 81% of the substitute methods were used for the S and A operations.ConclusionThis is the first study to identify and prioritize hospital operations necessary for the efficient continuation of medical treatment during suspension of the water supply by applying a BIA. Understanding the priority of operations and the minimum daily water requirement for each operation is important for a hospital in the event of an unexpected adverse situation, such as a major disaster.SuginakaH,OkamotoK,HiranoY,FukumotoY,MorikawaM,OodeY,SumiY,InoueY,MatsudaS,TanakaH.Hospital disaster response using business impact analysis.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(5):1-8.
Coasian and modern property rights economics
Authors: FOSS KIRSTEN , FOSS NICOLAI 
Published: September 2014

Abstract:Laying the foundations of property rights economics stands out among Ronald Coase's many seminal contributions. This approach had an impact on a number of fields in economics in, particularly, the 1960s and 1970s. The modern body of property rights economics mainly originates in the work Oliver Hart and is quite different in style, scope, and implications from the original property rights economics of Coase, Demsetz, Alchian, Cheung, Umbeck, Barzel, etc. Based on our earlier work on the subject (Foss and Foss, 2001), we argue that the change from Mark I to Mark II property rights economics led to a substantial narrowing of the scope of property rights economics, somewhat akin to a Kuhnian loss of content. In particular, Mark II property rights economics make strong assumptions concerning the definition and enforcement of ownership rights made which lead to many real life institutions and governance arrangements being excluded from consideration, and a much more narrow focus than that of the rich institutional research program initiated by Coase and his followers.
“The Realm of Serious Art”: Henry Hadley's Involvement in Early Sound Film
Authors: LEWIS HANNAH 
Published: September 2014

AbstractComposer-conductor Henry Kimball Hadley (1871–1937) is widely viewed as a conservative musical figure, one who resisted radical changes as American musical modernism began to flourish. His compositional style remained firmly rooted in late-Romantic European idioms; and although Hadley advocated for American composition through programming choices as a conductor, he mostly ignored the music of younger, adventurous composers. In one respect, however, Hadley was part of the cutting edge of musical production: that of musical dissemination through new media. This essay explores Hadley's work conducting and composing film music during the transition from silent to synchronized sound film, specifically his involvement with Warner Bros. and their new sound synchronization technology, Vitaphone, in 1926–27. Drawing on archival evidence, I examine Hadley's approach to film composition for the 1927 filmWhen a Man Loves. I argue that Hadley's high-art associations conferred legitimacy upon the new technology, and in his involvement with Vitaphone he aimed to establish sound film composition as a viable outlet for serious composers. Hadley's example prompts us to reconsider the parameters through which we distinguish experimental and conservative musical practices, reconfiguring the definitions to include not just musical proclivities but also the contexts and modes through which they circulate.
“Something beneath the flesh”: Music, Gender, and Medical Discourse in the 1940s Female Gothic Film
Authors: HAWORTH CATHERINE 
Published: September 2014

AbstractClosely related to both film noir and the woman's film, 1940s female gothic pictures combine suspense and mystery with a focus on the subjective experience of the female protagonist. This article discusses the use of music and sound in the cinematic female gothic tradition, focusing upon two historically located films that form part of its “gaslight” subgenre:Experiment Perilous(dir. Tourneur; comp. Webb, 1944) andThe Spiral Staircase(dir. Siodmak; comp. Webb, 1946). In both films, the positioning of the female lead is mediated by the presence of a medical discourse revolving around her professional and romantic relationship with a male doctor, whose knowledge and authority also allows him to function as an unofficial investigator into the woman's persecution at the hands of a serial murderer. The female gothic soundtrack is a crucial element in the creation and communication of this gendered discourse, articulating the shifting position of characters in relation to issues of crime, criminality, and romance. Musical and vocal control reinforce the doctor's dominance whilst allying his presentation with that of an emasculated killer, and create and contain agency within complex constructions of female victimhood.