bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of cutaneous apocrine carcinoma: epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment options
Authors: Tsuruta Seiji , Ogata Dai , Namikawa Kenjiro , Nakano Eiji , Yamazaki Naoya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cutaneous apocrine carcinoma is a rare skin cancer arising from apocrine sweat glands. Disease-specific treatments are required for cutaneous adnexal carcinomas due to their heterogeneous treatment responsiveness. This review reports on the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathological features, surgical management, and use of systemic therapies for cutaneous apocrine carcinoma. Diagnosing cutaneous apocrine carcinoma requires presenting with distinctive pathological features and excluding metastatic adenocarcinomas, particularly breast cancer. Clinical findings are essential to exclude metastatic adenocarcinomas, and immunohistochemistry can be used as an adjunctive tool to rule out other diseases. Wide local excision is the standard treatment for resectable cutaneous apocrine carcinomas. Prophylactic lymphadenectomy should be considered as a treatment option given the high incidence of lymph node metastasis. Generally, cutaneous apocrine carcinomas are resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy; however, adjuvant radiotherapy is recommended for high-risk patients. Radiation or systemic therapy is administered to patients with distant metastases or recurrence. The systemic therapeutic options include cytotoxic chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Given the lack of data on clinical prognosis and standardized treatments, further studies are needed to improve our understanding of cutaneous apocrine carcinomas.
Minocycline-rifampin–impregnated penile prosthesis surfaces retain antimicrobial activity following irrigation with 0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate and antibiotic solutions
Authors: Im Brian H , Giordano Analyse , Shah Sohan , Guillaume Samone , Evans Rachel , Hickok Noreen J , Chung Paul H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
0.05% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG; Irrisept [IrriMax]) is a commercial wound irrigation solution approved by the Food and Drug Administration that has seen recent adoption in the field of prosthetic urology; however, no study has evaluated whether 0.05% CHG is compatible with the minocycline-rifampin–impregnated surface (InhibiZone) of the AMS 700 penile prosthesis (Boston Scientific).

Aim
To evaluate whether 0.05% CHG alters the antibiotic efficacy of the minocycline-rifampin–impregnated penile prosthesis surface.

Methods
Discs (8 mm) were taken by a punch biopsy (Sklar) from sterile penile prosthesis reservoirs whose surfaces had been impregnated with rifampin and minocycline. Discs (n = 10) were suspended in 0.05% CHG, vancomycin and gentamicin, or normal saline for 2 minutes to simulate intraoperative irrigation. Discs were then rinsed in normal saline to remove any unbound solution and incubated with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus for 48 hours. Adherent surface bacteria were suspended by shaking in a 0.3% Tween 20 solution, serially diluted, plated onto 3M PetriFilms, and counted. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assays were conducted to generalize findings across various organisms.

Outcomes
Outcomes included (1) bacterial adherence to the implant surface measured as bacterial counts (in colony-forming units per milliliter) and (2) bacterial growth reduction measured as zones of inhibitions (in millimeters).

Results
Incubation of implant surfaces in 0.05% CHG did not alter recovered bacterial counts as compared with normal saline and vancomycin/gentamycin. Similarly, within a single bacterial species, 0.05% CHG and vancomycin/gentamycin did not alter zone-of-inhibition measurements in Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion studies.

Clinical Translation
This study demonstrates in vitro that 0.05% CHG may be used directly on the minocycline-rifampin–impregnated surface without altering the antibiotic efficacy of the coating.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths include that this is the first study to evaluate if 0.05% CHG affected the minocycline-rifampin–impregnated surface. Limitations include the use of in vitro studies, which serve as a proxy for in vivo practices and may not be entirely accurate or translatable in a clinical setting.

Conclusion
0.05% CHG does not alter the antimicrobial activity of the minocycline-rifampin–impregnated surface as compared with vancomycin/gentamycin and normal saline in vitro; however, its efficacy in clinical practice remains to be evaluated.
NtZIP5A/B is involved in the regulation of Zn/Cu/Fe/Mn/Cd homeostasis in tobacco
Authors: Palusińska Małgorzata , Barabasz Anna , Antosiewicz Danuta Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Plants grow in soils with varying concentrations of microelements, often in the presence of toxic metals e.g. Cd. To cope, they developed molecular mechanisms to regulate metal cross-homeostasis. Understanding underlying complex relationships is key to improving crop productivity. Recent research suggests that the Zn and Cd uptake protein NtZIP5A/B [Zinc-regulated, Iron-regulated transporter-like Proteins (ZIPs)] from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. v. Xanthi) is involved in the regulation of a cross-talk between the two metals. Here, we support this conclusion by showing that RNAi-mediated silencing of NtZIP5A/B resulted in a reduction of Zn accumulation and that this effect was significantly enhanced by the presence of Cd. Our data also point to involvement of NtZIP5B in regulating a cross-talk between Cu, Fe, and Mn. Using yeast growth assays, Cu (but not Fe or Mn) was identified as a substrate for NtZIP5B. Furthermore, GUS-based analysis showed that the tissue-specific activity of the NtZIP5B promoter was different in each of the Zn-/Cu-/Fe-/Mn deficiencies applied with/without Cd. The results indicate that NtZIP5B is involved in maintaining multi-metal homeostasis under conditions of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn deficiency, and also in the presence of Cd. It was concluded that the protein regulates the delivery of Zn and Cu specifically to targeted different root cells depending on the Zn/Cu/Fe/Mn status. Importantly, in the presence of Cd, the activity of the NtZIP5B promoter is lost in meristematic cells and increased in mature root cortex cells, which can be considered a manifestation of a defense mechanism against its toxic effects.
Autoantibodies to joint-related peptides as predictive markers in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Leu Agelii Monica , Sareila Outi , Lönnblom Erik , Cheng Lei , Forslind Kristina , Hafström Ingiäld , Andersson Maria L E , Kastbom Alf , Sjöwall Christopher , Jacobsson Lennart T H , Kihlberg Jan , Holmdahl Rikard , Gjertsson Inger 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
For better management of RA, new biomarkers are needed to predict the development of different disease courses. This study aims to identify autoantibodies against epitopes on proteins in the joints and to predict disease outcome in patients with new onset RA.

Methods
Sera from new-onset RA patients from the Swedish BARFOT (Better Anti Rheumatic PharmacOTherapy) and TIRA-2 (Swedish acronym for ‘tidiga insatser vid reumatoid artrit’) cohorts (n = 1986) were screened for autoantibodies to selected peptides (JointIDs) in a bead-based multiplex flow immunoassay. Disease outcomes included Boolean remission 1.0, swollen joint count and radiographic destruction. Multivariate logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial models that accounted for clinical factors were used to identify JointIDs with the strongest potential to predict prognosis.

Results
Boolean remission was predicted with 42% sensitivity and 75% specificity in male patients positive for antibodies to a non-modified collagen type II (COL2) peptide at 12 months. When antibodies to a specific citrullinated cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) peptide were absent and the patient was in Boolean remission at 6 months, the sensitivity was 13% and the specificity 99%. Positivity for the non-modified COL2 peptide also reduced the frequency of swollen joints by 41% and 33% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. Antibodies to CCP predicted joint destruction with low specificity (58%). Positivity for a COL2 and a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase peptide in citrullinated forms increased specificity (86%) at the expense of sensitivity (39%).

Conclusion
Autoantibodies against joint-related proteins at RA diagnosis predict remission with high specificity and, in combination with clinical factors, may guide future treatment decisions.
Risk-sensitive innovation: leveraging interactions between technologies to navigate technology risks
Authors: Sandbrink Jonas B , Hobbs Hamish , Swett Jacob L , Dafoe Allan , Sandberg Anders 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The advancement of low-emission technologies to curb climate change demonstrates how strategically managing the timing of technological developments can mitigate negative societal outcomes. We propose that a similar approach, which we term ‘risk-sensitive innovation’, can also address risks from emerging technologies like synthetic biology and artificial intelligence. Risk-sensitive innovation (RSI) leverages interactions between technologies to reduce specific risks across a technology portfolio. For instance, it may be beneficial to delay or halt risk-increasing technologies and preferentially advance risk-reducing defensive, safety, or substitute technologies. To be of practical use, RSI requires the ability to anticipate or identify impacts and intervene in the relative timing of technological advancements. Our analysis suggests that both are sometimes viable. Consideration of RSI may inform government research funding and technology regulation, as well as philanthropic research and development funders and corporate social responsibility measures.
Novel susceptibility genes and biomarkers for obstructive sleep apnea: insights from genetic and inflammatory proteins
Authors: Zhao Yang , Jiang Yinyin , Wang Yaxi , Zhang Haiying , Zhu Jun , Jiang Xu , Shen Bo , Chen Yaning , Li Dongfeng , Pan Yang , Han Feng , Zhang Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Numerous observational studies link obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to inflammatory proteins, yet the directionality of these associations remains ambiguous. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the potential associations of gene-predicted inflammatory proteins with OSA.

Methods
Based on genome-wide association study data, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore potential connections between circulating inflammatory proteins and OSA, primarily using the inverse-variance weighting method for robustness. Cochran’s Q test, MR‒Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method were used to perform sensitivity tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Replication analyses and meta-analyses were performed using other independent data. Steiger tests and multivariate MR assessed the independent effects of exposure factors, and the functional mapping and annotation (FUMA) platform was used to identify key genes to enhance the understanding of genetics.

Results
Our investigation revealed 21 circulating inflammatory proteins significantly associated with OSA-related phenotypes. Notably, IL-10RA, IL-18R1, TNFSF14, CCL23, ADA, and SLAMF1 had significant effects on multiple phenotypes. After FDR correction, IL-18R1, SLAMF1, IL-10RA, and IL-17C were identified as important candidates for OSA, and multivariate MR analysis strengthened the independent heritability of 20 inflammatory factors. The FUMA platform revealed seven overlapping genes: ROBO1, PRIM1, NACA, SHBG, HSD17B6, RBMS2, and WWOX. All reverse MR analyses and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations.

Conclusions
Our results underscore crucial associations between inflammatory proteins and OSA pathogenesis, revealing new correlates and susceptibility genes. These findings advance biomarker identification for OSA risk and highlight the importance of genetic and inflammatory profiles in OSA management.
Circadian-informed lighting improves vigilance, sleep, and subjective sleepiness during simulated night-shift work
Authors: Scott Hannah , Guyett Alisha , Manners Jack , Stuart Nicole , Kemps Eva , Toson Barbara , Lovato Nicole , Vakulin Andrew , Lack Leon , Banks Siobhan , Dorrian Jillian , Adams Robert , Eckert Danny J , Catcheside Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Shiftwork is associated with cognitive impairment and reduced sleep time and quality, largely due to circadian misalignment. This study tested if circadian-informed lighting could improve cognitive performance and sleep during simulated night shifts versus dim control lighting.

Methods
Nineteen healthy participants (mean ± SD 29 ± 10 years, 12 males, 7 females) were recruited to a laboratory study consisting of two counterbalanced 8-day lighting conditions (order randomized) 1-month apart: (1) control lighting condition - dim, blue-depleted and (2) circadian-informed lighting condition - blue-enriched and blue-depleted where appropriate. Participants underwent an adaptation night (22:00–07:00 hours), then four nights of simulated night work (cognitive testing battery of nine tasks, 00:00–08:00 hours), and sleep during the day (10:00–19:00 hours). Psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) lapses, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) scores, and polysomnography-derived sleep outcomes were compared between conditions and across days using mixed models.

Results
Significant condition-by-day-by-time of task interaction effects were found for PVT lapses, median reaction time, and reaction speed, with ~50% fewer lapses by the end of simulated shift work with circadian-informed lighting versus control (mean ± SD 7.4 ± 5.0 vs. 15.6 ± 6.1). KSS was lower around the night shift midpoints on days 6 and 7 with circadian versus control lighting. Participants slept 52 minutes longer [95% CIs: 27.5, 76.5 minutes] by day 7 with circadian-informed versus control lighting, p &lt; .001. Effects were inconsistent on other performance tasks.

Conclusions
Circadian-informed lighting improved sleep, sleepiness, and vigilance compared to control lighting. These findings support the potential for lighting interventions to improve sleep and vigilance in night shift workers chronically exposed to dim lighting.
State-Level Income Inequality as a Determinant of Suicide Mortality in the United States
Authors: Irish Andrew J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Income inequality has been increasing for decades and is now known to be related to many downstream health outcomes, where greater inequality is a predictor of poorer health. Results of investigations into the relationship between income inequality and suicidality have been mixed. This study leverages the most recent data available from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study to investigate the relationship between state-level income inequality and suicide mortality. A series of rigorously controlled logistic regression models, employing multiple measures of inequality, and various suicide mortality case-control specifications are used to investigate the phenomenon. Results indicate that the odds of suicide mortality increase with inequality, and this result is invariant across all models. A reduction in the Gini coefficient from the highest to lowest values of income inequality observed in U.S. states may reduce the odds of suicide mortality by 20 percent to 55 percent or more. Findings have application for social workers and other mental health professionals with respect to clinical assessment and treatment. Likewise, community organizers, policy advocates, and legislators should be aware that policy solutions reducing income inequality in the United States are a mechanism for alleviating the suicide mortality burden.
Cysteine‐rich 61 inhibition attenuates hepatic insulin resistance and improves lipid metabolism in high‐fat diet fed mice and HepG2 cells
Authors: Heo Yu Jung , Park Jieun , Lee Nami , Choi Sung‐E , Jeon Ja Young , Han Seung Jin , Kim Dae Jung , Lee Kwan Woo , Kim Hae Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is strongly associated with insulin resistance development. Hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation are considered the main drivers of hepatic insulin resistance in MASLD. Cysteine‐rich 61 (Cyr61 also called CCN1), a novel secretory matricellular protein, is implicated in liver inflammation, and its role in MASLD is not clearly understood. Therefore, we investigated the role of Cyr61 in hepatic insulin resistance and lipid metabolism as major factors in MASLD pathogenesis. In high‐fat diet (HFD)‐fed C57BL/6J mice, Cyr61 was downregulated or upregulated via viral transduction. Measurements of glucose homeostasis, histological assessment of liver tissues, and gene expression and signaling pathways of lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and inflammation were performed using liver samples from these mice. Cyr61 levels in HepG2 cells were reduced using RNAi‐mediated gene knockdown. Inflammation and insulin resistance were evaluated using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. HFD/AAV‐shCyr61 mice exhibited enhanced glucose tolerance via the protein kinase B pathway, reduced hepatic inflammation, decreased lipogenesis, and increased fatty acid oxidation. Notably, HFD/AAV‐shCyr61 mice showed elevated protein expression of sirtuin 6 and phosphorylated‐AMP‐activated protein kinase. In vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibition of Cyr61 downregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1 beta, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha via the nuclear factor kappa B/c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase pathway, and alleviated insulin resistance. Cyr61 affected hepatic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. Inhibition of Cyr61 reduced inflammation, recovered insulin resistance, and altered lipid metabolism in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, Cyr61 is a potential therapeutic target in MASLD.
Femoral component size in total knee replacement: a retrospective study
Authors: Al Nawaiseh Mohammad , Al-Ajlouni Jihad M. , Ibrahim Omar , Alafeef Nour , Aburajab Muawia , Raiq Neven , Halayqeh Sereen , Alfayyadh May , AlSamhori Jehad Feras , Jabaiti Mohammad S. , Alshrouf Mohammad Ali 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Osteoarthrosis is the most common articular disease in the developed world. The number of people affected by knee osteoarthrosis is exponentially increasing, and with total knee replacement (TKA) demand expected to continue growing. The study establishes the relationship between femoral size components used in TKA and patients’ demographics.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study of 385 surgeries that underwent TKA at the tertiary hospital over the period between January 2018 and December 2021 was conducted. The patients’ demographics, including height, weight, body mass index, gender, and age, and the implanted component size and type of the component (gender or not) were collected.

Results:
A significant association was found between the gender of patients and the femoral component size (P<0.001). Furthermore, height and weight had a significant correlation with femoral component size (P=0.399, P<0.001 and P=0.114, P=0.025, respectively); however, body mass index and age were not statistically correlated with femoral component size (P=0.625, 0.138, respectively). Upon ordinal logistic regression analyses, height and gender were significant predictors of the implanted femur component size (P<0.001). However, age and weight were insignificant factors in the model (P=0.640 and P=0.211, respectively).

Conclusion:
The results described will help with the pre-operative predictions of the total knee replacement femoral component size, which will decrease the operating time and implant supply chain efficiency. Further advancement of the model could be achieved with future multicenter studies with a larger sample.
Relationship between updated MELD and prognosis in alcohol-associated hepatitis: Opportunities for more efficient trial design
Authors: Al-Karaghouli Mustafa , Ventura-Cots Meritxell , Wong Yu Jun , Genesca Joan , Bosques Francisco , Brown Robert S. , Mathurin Philippe , Louvet Alexandre , Shawcross Debbie , Vargas Victor , Verna Elizabeth C. , Schnabl Bernd , Caballeria Joan , Shah Vijay J. , Kamath Patrick S. , Lucey Michael R. , Garcia-Tsao Guadalupe , Bataller Ramon , Abraldes Juan G. 
Published: July 2024

Background:Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is associated with significant mortality. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is used to predict short-term mortality and aid in treatment decisions. MELD is frequently updated in the course of AH. However, once the most updated MELD is known, it is uncertain if previous ones still have prognostic value, which might be relevant for transplant allocation and trial design. We aimed to investigate the predictive performance of updated MELDs in a prospectively collected cohort of patients with AH by the InTeam consortium.Methods:Three hundred seven patients (with 859 MELD values within 60 d of admission) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The main endpoint was time to death or transplant up to 90 days. We used a joint model approach to assess the predictive value of updated MELDs.Results:Updated MELD measurements had a strong prognostic value for death/transplant (HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14–1.27) (p< 0.0001). Previous MELD values did not add predictive value to the most current MELD. We also showed that MELD at day 28 (MELD28) had a significant predictive value for subsequent mortality/transplant in a landmark analysis (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12–1.23). We show that the use of an ordinal scale including death, transplant, and MELD28 as a trial outcome could substantially reduce the sample size required to demonstrate short-term benefit of an intervention.Conclusion:We show that updated MELDs during the trajectory of AH predict subsequent mortality or the need for transplant. MELD28 inclusion in an ordinal outcome (together with death or transplant) could increase the efficiency of randomized controlled trials.
Intereye Agreement in Dry-Eye Signs in the DREAM Study: Implications for Future Dry-Eye Trials
Authors: Zhong Anny , Augello Patrick , Asbell Penny , Ying Gui-Shuang ,   the DREAM Study Research Group
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To investigate intereye agreement in dry-eye disease (DED) signs in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management study.

Methods:
Tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer test, conjunctival staining, corneal staining, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and tear osmolarity were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Intereye agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient, weighted kappa, and percentage of participants with absolute intereye difference (AID) exceeding a clinically significant threshold (2 points for conjunctival staining and MGD, 2 seconds for TBUT, 3 points for corneal staining, 5 mm/5 minutes for Schirmer test, and 8 mOsms/L for osmolarity). The worse eye at each visit for each DED sign was determined as the eye with a sign worse than the contralateral eye by at least the clinically significant threshold.

Results:
DED signs had moderate-to-good intereye agreement with intraclass correlation coefficient ranging from 0.45 (tear osmolarity) to 0.81 (corneal staining and Schirmer test) and weighted kappa from 0.58 (plugging) to 0.69 (lid secretion). Percentage of participants exceeding threshold AID was 15% to 20% for conjunctival staining, 11% to 15% for TBUT, 17% to 21% for MGD, 13% to 18% for corneal staining, 21% to 23% for Schirmer test, and 44% to 47% for osmolarity. The eye with a worse DED sign ranged between 36% (TBUT) and 80% (osmolarity) of participants.

Conclusions:
Participants demonstrated moderate-to-good intereye agreement, yet a substantial portion showed clinically significant intereye differences in each sign. The worse eye was not the same eye in the majority during follow-up. These findings suggest considering signs from both eyes in future DED trials.