bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Identification of Kefir Grains and its Antimicrobial Effect against Gastrointestinal Pathogens
Authors: Naz Sheikh Saba , Malik Taqdees , Munir Iqra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The rising occurrence of gastrointestinal (GIT) cases and the escalation of antibiotic resistance underscore the critical need for effective alternative therapies. Kefir, a fermented dairy product derived from Kefir Grains (KGs), demonstrates varying antimicrobial spectra based on its geographical origins. This study aims to identify the predominant microbial isolates within USA-based KGs and assess their antimicrobial potential against pathogens responsible for GIT infections.
Methodology: The phenotypic screening tests for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) included assessments of cell morphology, CO2 production from glucose, sugar fermentation tests (specifically starch and lactose), and growth evaluations in 6.5% salt conditions. Genomic identification was conducted through PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, followed by Sanger sequencing, Nucleotide BLAST (BLASTn) analysis, and phylogenetic tree construction. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using antimicrobial suspensions with varying concentrations of kefir milk supernatant (KMS) and suspensions of individual lactic acid bacteria (SILB).
Results: The presence of gram-positive coccobacillary rods, identified as homo-fermenters and capable of growing in a 6.5% NaCl solution, confirmed the presence of LAB. Genotypic identification revealed the presence of Lactococcus spp. strain SJ1, Lactococcus lactis, and Bacillus cereus. The antimicrobial analysis demonstrated that KMS concentrations of 50%, 60%, and 70% completely prevented the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi. In contrast, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, Helicobacter pylori, and Bacillus subtilis exhibited resistance, with no inhibition observed when using SILB.
Conclusion: This analysis provided valuable insights into the microbial composition of USA-based KGs and highlighted their synergistic antimicrobial effects, underscoring kefir as a potent alternative to antibiotics. Future studies are warranted to fully elucidate the metagenomic profile of USA-based kefir and to optimize dosing for the effective treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses.
Wide Field of View Large Aperture Meta-Doublet Eyepiece
Authors: Majumdar Arka , Wirth-Singh Anna , Fröch Johannes , Yang Fan , Martin Louis , Zhang Hualiang , Tanguy Quentin , Zhou Zhihao , Huang Luocheng , John Demis , Stamenic Biljana , Hu Juejun , Gu Tian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Wide field of view and light weight optics are critical for advanced eyewear, with applications in augmented/virtual reality and night vision. Conventional refractive lenses are often stacked to correct aberrations at wide field of view, leading to limited performance and increased size and weight. In particular, simultaneously achieving wide field of view and large aperture for light collection is desirable but challenging to realize in a compact form-factor. Here, we demonstrate a wide field of view (greater than 60°) meta-optic doublet eyepiece with an entrance aperture of 2.1 cm. At the design wavelength of 633 nm, the meta-optic doublet achieves comparable performance to a refractive lens-based eyepiece system. This meta-doublet eyepiece illustrates the potential for meta-optics to play an important role in the development of high-quality monochrome near-eye display and night vision systems.
Comparison between transtracheal and intravenous 2% lignocaine in attenuating hemodynamic stress response following direct laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pramanik Monotosh , Chattopadhyay Uddalak , Hussain Syed Sadaqat , Singh Nikhil Kumar , Chaudhuri Shalini , Banerjee Sandipan , Ray Shreyasi , Kirtania Jyotirmay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Lignocaine is used through various routes to mitigate the hemodynamic surge associated with laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation during general anesthesia. This study hypothesized that post-induction administration of transtracheal 2% lignocaine at 1.5 mg/kg would have a similar effect to intravenous 2% lignocaine at the same dosage, providing an alternative for attenuating the hemodynamic stress response.
Methods
A total of 138 consenting patients were randomized into two groups. Following induction, Group IV patients received 2% lignocaine at 1.5 mg/kg intravenously, while Group TT patients received 2% lignocaine at 1.5 mg/kg transtracheally. The primary outcome was the comparison of hemodynamic responses at different time points around intubation. The secondary outcome was the incidence of sore throat. Data analyses were done using the Statistical Software Jupyter Notebook, running in a Python 3.11 environment.
Results
The trend of vitals over time indicated that post-induction hypotension was less pronounced in the TT group. After intubation, patients in the TT group experienced a smaller surge in blood pressure and heart rate compared to the IV group. Notably, mean blood pressure (MBP) at 3 minutes post-intubation has significantly low values in patients who received transtracheal lignocaine [MBP (median with IQR) IV group 79(71-87) mm of Hg vs. TT group 73(65-81) mm of Hg, P = 0.009].
Conclusion
Transtracheal lignocaine is more likely to maintain stable hemodynamics at various stages of intubation during general anesthesia compared to intravenous lignocaine.
CTRI Registration
CTRI/2023/06/054125 [Registered on: 19/06/2023]. This trial is registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php
Research on damage evolution mechanism of layered rock mass under blasting load
Authors: Xie Li-Xiang , Zhang Jia-hao , Yang Dong-yu , Qi Yan-jun , Wu Lin-jun , Chen Hong-yun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Rock mass consisted of lots of discontinuities, such as faults, joints, etc, and the layered joints are a common kind of rock mass structure. The joints affected the stress wave propagation, and blasting is one economical and efficient rock breaking method for rock mass engineering. So, rock mass fragmentation effect and construction progress are affected by these layered joints. The numerical studies were carried out to analyze the damage evolution process of intact rock and rock mass with layered joints subjected to blasting load based on the RHT model in the LS-DYNA software, and the effect of the location of initiation points, fracture distribution on dynamic damage evolution of the rock mass was discussed. It is useful to know the damage mechanism of the rock mass with layered joints and to improve the effect of rock mass fragmentation by blasting. These results have very important theoretical significance and application value for optimization of the blasting construction technology.
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MH-301 reduces Helicobacter pylori treatment-related adverse events via gut-vaginal axis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Han Xiaoni , Liu Hui , Zhang Kaige , Zeng Yuyu , Liu Peng , Gan Lihong , Zheng Li , Liu Zhiguo , Fang Nian , Chen Tingtao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Adverse events and microbiota dysbiosis resulting from Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy have become increasingly evident. This study investigates the adjunctive therapeutic effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MH-301 in H. pylori eradication therapy, along with its effects on the gut and vaginal microbiota.
Method: 257 sexually active, premenopausal women aged 18-50 years, diagnosed with H. pyloriinfection alongside chronic gastritis, were randomly allocated to undergo either bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (amoxicillin, furazolidone, potassium bismuth citrate, rabeprazole) combined with probiotics (L. plantarum MH-301) or a placebo for 14 days. Stool samples and vaginal swabs were collected before and after treatment to facilitate high-throughput sequencing analysis.
Result: The probiotic group exhibited lower incidences of bloating (10.2% vs 19.4%, P=0.037), constipation (2.3% vs 7.8%, P =0.048), and excessive vaginal discharge (3.1% vs 9.3%, P=0.040), and showed better treatment tolerability compared to the placebo group (P<0.05), although no statistically significant difference in eradication rates between the two groups. High-throughput sequencing revealed that H. pylori eradication therapy led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Prevotella in the gut microbiota, and an increase in Streptococcus and Haemophilus. In the vaginal microbiota, Lactobacillus decreased while Gardnerellaincreased. Compared to the placebo group, the probiotic group showed a higher relative abundance of Megamonas, Prevotella, and Lactobacillusin the gut microbiota, and lower levels of Streptococcus and Haemophilus. In the vaginal microbiota, Gardnerella was significantly lower (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between gastrointestinal and vaginal adverse events, and a positive correlation of Lactobacillusin both gut and vaginal microbiota (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study is the first to demonstrate at the clinical level that L. plantarumMH-301 reduces H. pylori treatment-related adverse events via gut-vaginal axis. In addition, microbiota modulation could be the possible mechanism through which it achieves its clinical efficacy.
The Effects of Integrated Soil Fertility Management Practices in Enhancing Sorghum Yields
Authors: Mututa Millicent Kawira. , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Jayne Mugwe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Sorghum stands as a fundamental food and cash crop in Tharaka-Nithi, yet its production remains suboptimal due to soil fertility limitations. Globally, sorghum yields hover around 2.5 t/ha, indicating an untapped potential given its maximum yield potential of 5 t/ha. Kenya has witnessed a decline in sorghum yields from 0.95 t/ha to 0.78 t/ha, primarily attributed to inadequate soil fertility management and agronomic practices. Most soil management interventions have traditionally focused on singular practices, leaving gaps in understanding the efficacy of integrated approaches. This study sought to evaluate the impact of integrated soil fertility management practices on sorghum and green gram yield in Tharaka-Nithi County. The study was conducted in Nairobi Ndogo and Kairini Farm, the study employed a 3 x 5 factorial experiment in a Randomized Complete Block Design, different fertilizer types and cropping systems. Results, analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software version 9.4, demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) effects of integrated soil fertility management on sorghum yield. Stover yields ranged from 1.93 t/ha to 0.28 t/ha and 7.18 t/ha to 1.35 t/ha at Nairobi Ndogo and Kairini farm, respectively, with the MBILI intercropping technique and NPK fertilizer yielding highest stover. Similarly, grain yields varied from 0.68 t/ha to 0.08 t/ha and 4.01 t/ha to 0.25 t/ha at Nairobi Ndogo and Kairini farm, respectively, with conventional intercropping and NPK plus Zinc fertilizer emerging as optimal treatments. In green gram yields, monocrop green gram and NPK fertilizer demonstrating superior performance. The analysis of treatment effect showed that the means for green gram stover yield ranged from 0.47 t/ha to 0.07 t/ha and 6.70 t/ha to 1.62 t/ha for Nairobi Ndogo and Kairini farm, respectively. The treatment with monocrop green gram, NPK fertilizer had the highest stover yield at both sites. The means for green gram grain yield ranged from 0.22 t/ha to 0.07 t/ha and 1.07 t/ha to 0.11 t/ha for Nairobi Ndogo and Kairini farm, respectively. Overall, the study underscores the potential of integrated soil fertility management in enhancing sorghum and green gram production, ensuring food security, and improving soil health in Tharaka-Nithi County. The findings advocate for the adoption of conventional intercropping systems supplemented with appropriate fertilization strategies to optimize crop productivity and soil fertility management in similar agro-ecological contexts.
Natural Orifice Specimen Extraction Surgeries approach for laparoscopic Jinling Procedure in refractory mixed constipation (with video)
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Ruicheng , Kang Jiaqi , Li Mingsen , Li Yuwei , Zhang Xipeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

As science and technology have advanced, the field of surgery is developing in the direction of “minimally invasive” and “noninvasive” procedures. Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery has emerged as a rising star in the field of minimally invasive surgery. It has increased rapidly, and it has become a hot topic inrecent years. Natural orifice specimen extraction surgery has shown advantages in alleviating postoperative pain,improving bowel movements, providing a cosmetic effect, and improving psychological state without adversely affecting cancer outcomes. This technique has been reported more in colorectal tumors, but less in laparoscopic total colectomy for refractory mixed constipation.
The treatment of intractable constipation is still a difficult problem for colorectal surgeons.Jinling procedure is considered to be an ideal method. Jinling procedure with Natural orifice specimen extraction is a new surgery procedure, and intracavitary anastomosis were used which can reduce postoperative wound pain and accelerate patients' recovery.This surgical video will completely introduce the whole surgical procedure.
Revolutionizing Air Quality Forecasting with Cutting-Edge Machine Learning and Optimization Techniques
Authors: Dubey Krati , Dubey Rishav , Pandey Saroj , Sinha Anurag , Rahhore Yogesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Air quality prediction is a critical component in environmental monitoring and public health management. Traditional forecasting methods often fall short in capturing the complex, non-linear interactions among various atmospheric factors. This paper introduces a novel approach to air quality prediction that leverages a combination of advanced machine learning techniques, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, and other deep learning models alongside robust optimization strategies. By integrating statistical models, deep learning, and machine learning algorithms, we aim to significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of air quality forecasts. Our methodology employs an ensemble of models, such as LSTM, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and gradient boosting machines (GBMs), to capture both temporal and spatial dependencies in air quality metrics. To further refine predictions, we incorporate various optimization techniques that improve the performance and efficiency of the learning process. Comparative analysis with traditional methods demonstrates the superiority of our approach in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency. The results indicate a marked improvement in forecasting capabilities, which can be instrumental in devising timely interventions and mitigating adverse health effects associated with poor air quality. This research not only advances the state-of-the-art in air quality prediction but also provides a scalable framework applicable to other environmental monitoring applications.
A Novel Metaheuristic Approach: Spiral Cloud Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Shafieenejad Iman , Pour Mohammadamin Nourian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study introduces a novel meta-heuristic algorithm named Spiral Cloud Optimization Algorithm (SCOA), inspired by the movement patterns of clouds. SCOA is mathematically modeled based on the optimal motion of clouds in nature to perform optimization across a wide range of search spaces. The core concept of this algorithm is derived from the spiral behavior of clouds and the Fibonacci sequence. This algorithm is distinguished by its high-speed performance, simplicity of implementation, and impressive convergence. Moreover, the golden ratio, a mathematical principle, is incorporated into the algorithm. The efficiency of SCOA is attributed to its streamlined processes, making it particularly suitable for tasks that require rapid execution and reliable convergence. The combination of speed and simplicity makes it an appealing choice for scenarios with limited computational resources or a need for quick results. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using 68 benchmark functions and two engineering problems. The results demonstrate that SCOA provides superior performance in terms of precision and convergence speed when solving complex optimization problems, outperforming other algorithms such as Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Fire Hawks Optimizer (FHO), and Flying Fox Optimization (FFO), among others.
Study on the law of failure and instability of overburden rock under multiple mining movements of extra-thick coal seam and the transformation mechanism of bearing structure
Authors: Lai Xingping , Wang Hao , Cui Feng , Jia Chong , Lu Changliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In order to further explore the motion instability and structural evolution of overburden rock in strata fully mechanized caving mining of super thick coal seam, taking the mining of super thick coal seam in Zhundong mining area of Xinjiang as the research background, the research method combining physical simulation, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis and engineering case verification is adopted. This paper studies the characteristics of overburden structure shape change, rock size distribution and force chain network distribution in the process of stratified mining, analyzes the influence of multiple mining actions on the bearing structure stability of key layers, and reveals the bearing structure transformation mechanism of overburden rock in stratified mining of huge thick coal seams. The results show that with the increase of slicing mining times, the near-field overlying rock gradually transforms from block to bulk, and the overlying rock presents a structural transformation process of "masonry beam-short masonry beam-extrusion balance arch". In the initial stage of stratified mining, the overlying rock is bounded by high and low key layers to form a multi-zone distribution feature of rock block and force chain network. Multiple mining disturbances make the low bearing area degenerate into caving area. In the lower stratified mining, the overlying rock distribution evolves from three zones to two zones. The load bearing characteristics of the force chain can be well characterized by defining the average contact force intensity ƒ0 and the anisotropy coefficient an. The strength of the force chain in the low bearing area gradually decreases with the increase of slicing mining times, while the strength of the force chain in the high bearing area in the lower slicing mining suddenly increases, which proves that the bearing capacity of the arch structure is greater than that of the beam structure. Under the influence of multiple mining movements, the length of rock blocks decreases, the load transfer of overlying rock increases, and the internal damage of rock mass worsens, all of which lead to the instability of the bearing structure of the key layer. The loss of bearing capacity of the lower key layer leads to the upward movement of the bearing structure of the overlying rock, and the bearing form changes from "beam type" to "arch type". The field measurement results of support pressure verify the accuracy of the above research, and the research results can provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for the safety mining of thick coal seam.
Global patterns of the burden of zoonotic infectious diseases of poverty based on GBD 2021
Authors: lv chao , Chen Yiwen , Cheng Zile , Zhu Yongzhang , Chen Weiye , Zhou Nan , Chen Yiming , Li Yinlong , Deng Wangping , Guo Xiaokui , Li Min , Xu Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The zoonotic infectious diseases of poverty (zIDPs) continue to be a significant factor contributing to global poverty, with a broad distribution and a significant impact on a substantial population. We aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden and trends of zIDPs utilizing Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, providing scientific support for policy making and resource allocating.
Methods
We retrieved data from GBD 2021 on the prevalence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of zIDPs (schistosomiasis, cystic echinococcosis [CE], cysticercosis, foodborne trematodiases particularly referring to opisthochiais, clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsis) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes in the age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates of zIDPs by age, sex, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between age-standardized rates and SDI.
Results
Globally, there are an estimated 151 376 744 schistosomiasis cases (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI) 109 062 891 to 198 666 395), 633 404 CE cases (95% UI 517 477 to 782 468), 4 357 190 cysticercosis cases (95% UI 3 150 315 to 5 716 430), and 44 466 329 (95% UI 40 017 218 to 50 034 921) foodborne trematodiases cases, respectively. The number of DALYs due to schistosomiasis, CE, cysticercosis and foodborne trematodiases worldwide in 2021 was 1 746 333 (95% UI 1038122 to 2984204), 105 072 (95% UI 78 967 to 133 309), 1 235 939 (95% UI 787 769 to 1 808 363) and 998 029 (95% UI 569 766-1 638 112), respectively. The age-standardized prevalence rate and DALYs of schistosomiasis, cysticercosis and foodborne trematodiases decreased year by year significantly globally during 1990 to 2019. The highest number of cases and DALYs occurred in: Sub-Saharan Africa for schistosomiasis; South Asia, East Asia (only cases), North Africa and Middle East, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (only DALYs) for CE; South Asia (only cases), East Asia and Central Latin America for cysticercosis; East Asia, Southeast Asia (only cases), High-income Asia Pacific (only cases) for foodborne trematodiases. The age-standardized prevalence rates of the zIDPs exhibited three different patterns with the increases of SDI, whereas the age-standardized DALY of the zIDPs (excluding foodborne trematodiases) decreased with the rise of SDI.
Conclusion
The prevalence and DALYs of zIDPs presented decrease trends in most endemic regions globally by year. The regions and countries with low SDI should prioritize reducing the burden of zIDPs in light of the WHO's aim to control or eliminate NTDs.