bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a deep learning model for cancer diagnosis by inspecting cell-free DNA end-motifs
Authors: Shen Hongru , Yang Meng , Liu Jilei , Chen Kexin , Li Xiangchun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate discrimination between patients with and without cancer from cfDNA is crucial for early cancer diagnosis. Herein, we develop and validate a deep-learning-based model entitled end-motif inspection via transformer (EMIT) for discriminating individuals with and without cancer by learning feature representations from cfDNA end-motifs. EMIT is a self-supervised learning approach that models rankings of cfDNA end-motifs. We include 4606 samples subjected to different types of cfDNA sequencing to develop EIMIT, and subsequently evaluate classification performance of linear projections of EMIT on six datasets and an additional inhouse testing set encopassing whole-genome, whole-genome bisulfite and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine sequencing. The linear projection of representations from EMIT achieved area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) values ranged from 0.895 (0.835–0.955) to 0.996 (0.994–0.997) across these six datasets, outperforming its baseline by significant margins. Additionally, we showed that linear projection of EMIT representations can achieve an AUROC of 0.962 (0.914–1.0) in identification of lung cancer on an independent testing set subjected to whole-exome sequencing. The findings of this study indicate that a transformer-based deep learning model can learn cancer-discrimative representations from cfDNA end-motifs. The representations of this deep learning model can be exploited for discriminating patients with and without cancer.
Novel molecular subtypes of METex14 non-small cell lung cancer with distinct biological and clinical significance
Authors: Chen Shengnan , Hu Tao , Zhao Jikai , Zhu Qian , Wang Jin , Huang Zhan , Xiang Chan , Zhao Ruiying , Zhu Changbin , Lu Shun , Han Yuchen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNot all MET exon 14 skipping (METex14) NSCLC patients benefited from MET inhibitors. We hypothesized an inter-tumoral heterogeneity in METex14 NSCLC. Investigations at genomic and transcriptomic level were conducted in METex14 NSCLC samples from stage I-III and recurrent/metastatic patients as discovery and validation cohort. Four molecular subtypes were discovered. MET-Driven subtype, with the worst prognosis, displayed MET overexpression, enrichment of MET-related pathways, and higher infiltration of fibroblast and regulatory T cells. Immune-Activated subtype having the most idea long-term survival, had higher tertiary lymphoid structures, spatial co-option of PD-L1+ cancer cells, and GZMK+ CD8+ T cell. FGFR- and Bypass-Activated subtypes displayed FGFR2 overexpression and enrichments of multiple oncogenic pathways respectively. In the validation cohort, patients with MET-Driven subtype had better response to MET inhibitors than those with MET overexpression. Thus, molecular subtypes of METex14 NSCLC with distinct biological and clinical significance may indicate more precise therapeutic strategies for METex14 NSCLC patients.
Morphometry on the sphere: Cartesian and irreducible Minkowski tensors explained and implemented
Authors: Collischon Caroline , Klatt Michael A. , Banday Anthony J. , Sasaki Manami , Räth Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMinkowski tensors are comprehensive shape descriptors that robustly capture n-point information in complex random geometries and that have already been extensively applied in the Euclidean plane. Here, we devise a framework for Minkowski tensors on the sphere. We first advance the theory by introducing irreducible Minkowski tensors, which avoid the redundancies of previous representations. We, moreover, generalize Minkowski sky maps to the sphere. These maps are a concept of local anisotropy, which easily adjusts to masked data. We demonstrate the power of our new procedure by applying it to simulations and real data of the Cosmic Microwave Background, finding an anomalous region close to the well-known Cold Spot. The accompanying open-source software, , used to generate these maps from data in the HEALPix-format is made publicly available to facilitate broader integration of Minkowski maps in other fields, such as fluid demixing, porous structures, or geosciences more generally.
Extreme summer temperature anomalies over Greenland largely result from clear-sky radiation and circulation anomalies
Authors: Blau Manuel Tobias , Ha Kyung-Ja , Chung Eui-Seok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe polar regions have been undergoing amplified warming in recent years. In particular, Greenland has experienced anomalously warm summers with intense melt rates. We employ a surface radiation budget framework to examine the causes for positive and negative summer temperature anomaly events over Greenland from 1979 to 2021. We found a dominant contribution of the clear-sky downwelling longwave radiation and the surface albedo feedback to temperature anomalies. Atmospheric temperature perturbations dominate the effect of anomalous emissivity on clear-sky downwelling longwave radiation. In warm years, enhanced turbulent heat exchange due to increased surface temperature and diabatic warming in the troposphere induces adiabatic heating of the atmosphere, enhanced moisture advection, and a high-pressure anomaly with a blocking-like anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly following peak temperature days. Different modes of natural climate variability, in particular, related to blocking over Greenland, can further amplify or dampen the ongoing warming trend, causing extreme temperature events.
European hot and dry summers are projected to become more frequent and expand northwards
Authors: Felsche Elizaveta , Böhnisch Andrea , Poschlod Benjamin , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeatwaves and dry spells are major climate hazards with far-reaching implications for health, economy, agriculture, and ecosystems. The frequency of compound hot and dry summers in Europe has risen in recent years. Here we present an examination of past extreme summers and compare them to future climate conditions. We use reanalysis data (2001–2022) and model data at three global warming levels: +1.2 °C, +2 °C, and +3 °C for nine selected sub-regions. Key findings indicate a significant increase in the frequency of most extreme past occurrences under 2 °C and 3 °C warming scenarios. For specific summers, the occurrence probability rises by up to 5–6 times from 2 °C to 3 °C. Moreover, our analysis reveals a notable northward shift in the climatology of hot and dry summers under 3 °C warming. The hot and dry climate observed in Eastern Europe under current conditions is anticipated to extend into substantial parts of the Baltic coast, Finland, and Scandinavia.
Binary orbit and disks properties of the RW Aur system using ALMA observations
Authors: Kurtovic N. T. , Facchini S. , Benisty M. , Pinilla P. , Cabrit S. , Jensen E. L. N. , Dougados C. , Booth R. , Kimmig C. N. , Manara C. F. , Rodriguez J. E. 
Published: July 2024

Context. The dynamical interactions between young binaries can perturb the material distribution of their circumstellar disks, and modify the planet formation process. In order to understand how planets form in multiple stellar systems, it is necessary to characterize both their binary orbit and their disks properties.
Aims. In order to constrain the impact and nature of the binary interaction in the RW Aur system (bound or unbound), we analyzed the circumstellar material at 1.3 mm wavelengths, as observed at multiple epochs by the Atacama Large (sub-)millimeter Array (ALMA).
Methods. We analyzed the disk properties through parametric visibility modeling, and we used this information to constrain the dust morphology and the binary orbital period.
Results. We imaged the dust continuum emission of RW Aur with a resolution of 3 au, and we find that the radius enclosing 90% of the flux (R90%) is 19 au and 14 au for RW Aur A and B, respectively. By modeling the relative distance of the disks at each epoch, we find a consistent trend of movement for the disk of RW Aur B moving away from the disk of RW Aur A at an approximate rate of 3 mas yr−1 (about 0.5 au yr−1 in sky-projected distance). By combining ALMA astrometry, historical astrometry, and the dynamical masses of each star, we constrain the RW Aur binary stars to be most likely in a high-eccentricity elliptical orbit with a clockwise prograde orientation relative to RW Aur A, although low-eccentricity hyperbolic orbits are not ruled out by the astrometry. Our analysis does not exclude the possibility of a disk collision during the last interaction, which occurred 295−74+21 yr ago relative to beginning of 2024. Evidence for the close interaction is found in a tentative warp of 6 deg in the inner 3 au of the disk of RW Aur A, in the brightness temperature of both disks, and in the morphology of the gas emission. A narrow ring that peaks at 6 au around RW Aur B is suggestive of captured material from the disk around RW Aur A.
Isometric Shoulder and Hip Strength Impact on Throwing Velocity and
Reactive Strength
Authors: Kayhan Recep Fatih , Terzi Esranur , Bayrakdaroğlu Serdar , Ceylan Halil İbrahim , Bıyıklı Türker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of the study is to examine relationships between shoulder
extension-flexion and internal-external rotation strength of professional male
handball players with throwing velocity, and the hip extension-flexion strength
with horizontal and vertical reactive strength index. Fifteen professional male
handball players participating in 1st League matches took part in the
study. The results showed that isometric shoulder flexion and extension strength
significantly predicted stable throwing velocity (r2=between
0.27–0.73) and dynamic throwing velocity (r2=between 0.30–0.62). In
addition, isometric internal and external rotation strength significantly
predicted stable throwing velocity (r2=between 0.32–0.54) and dynamic
throwing velocity (r2=between 0.31–0.44). Moreover, isometric hip
extension and flexion strength significantly predicted vertical reactive
strength index (r2=between 0.31–0.45) and horizontal reactive
strength index (r2=between 0.26–0.42). In conclusion, it was observed
that shoulder strength has an enhancing effect on handball players'
throwing velocity, while hip strength is a determining factor for the reactive
strength index. In this context, it is assumed that shoulder weakness during
throwing will affect the accuracy and velocity of throwing by disrupting the
angular momentum, while weakness in the hip during the jump phase of the
throwing motion will negatively affect the explosive power by limiting
stabilization during landing.
Adaptive Changes in Longitudinal Arch During Long-distance
Running
Authors: Ren Weiyan , Wang Yan , Yan Zhaoqi , Chu Zhaowei , Yang Fan , Jan Yih-Kuen , Yao Jie , Pu Fang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the biomechanical adaptations of the longitudinal arch
(LA) in long-distance runners, focusing on changes in stiffness, angle, and
moment during a 60-minute run. Twenty runners participated in this experiment,
and were asked to run at a speed of 2.7 m·s-1 for 60 minutes. The
kinematic and kinetic data collected at five-minute intervals during running
were calculated, including the stiffness of LA in the loading phase
(k

load
) and the stiffness of LA in the
unloading phase (k

unload
), the maximum LA moment
(M

max
), the range of LA angle change
(∆θ

range
), and the maximum LA angle change
(∆θ

max
). Foot morphology was also scanned before
and after running. Variations of kinematic and kinetic data were analyzed
throughout the running activity, as well as variations of foot morphology pre-
and post-run. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in
k

load
(p<0.001), coupled with increases in
∆θ

range
(p=0.002) and
∆θ

max
(p<0.001), during the first 15 minutes of
running, which was followed by a period of mechanical stability. No differences
were found in k

unload
and M

max

throughout the running process and the foot morphology remained unchanged after
running. These results highlight a critical adaptation phase that may be pivotal
for improving running economy and performance.
Conjunctival Histopathological Changes and Clinical Tear Film in Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Bayat Alper Halil , Aydemir Gozde Aksoy , Aydemir Emre , Özkan Haci Hasan , Yardimci Gürkan , Türk Bilge Aydin , Kilinç Emine Özkul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose Evaluation of changes in the ocular surfaces in children with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD).
Methods Thirty-six children with a diagnosis of AD (Eye-AD group) and 40 healthy subjects (Eye-HS group) were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. Tear film break-up time (T-BUT), Schirmer tear test (STT), conjunctival impression cytology (CIC), tear meniscus height (TMH), tear meniscus area (TMA), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were measured.
Results The participants were similar in terms of demographic characteristics, such as mean age and gender (p > 0.05). The mean T-BUT was 9.3 ± 2.22 s (5 – 16) in the Eye-AD group and 11.83 ± 2.03 s (7 – 16) in the Eye-HS group. The mean STT was 11.12 ± 3.28 mm (5 – 21) in the Eye-AD group and 15.44 ± 3.8 mm (8 – 20) in the Eye-HS group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The mean OSDI scores were 13.12 ± 1.41 (10 – 15) in the Eye-AD group and 13.97 ± 2.93 (8 – 20) in the Eye-HS group (p = 0.052). Mean TMH and TMA were 306.48 ± 7.29 µm and 0.22 ± 0.004 mm2, respectively, in the Eye-AD group, and 312.94 ± 5.31 µm and 0.027 ± 0.005 mm2, respectively, in the Eye-HS group. In the CIC analyses, 22 of the samples in the Eye-AD group and 35 in the Eye-HS group had a classification of grade 0, 10 in the Eye-AD group and 5 in the Eye-HS group had a classification of grade 1, and 4 in the Eye-AD group and none in the Eye-HS group had a
classification of grade 2 (p = 0.015).
Conclusion Pediatric patients with AD may have significant changes in conjunctival histopathology. These changes can be manifested in the tests used to measure the tear film. Dry eye was shown to be present in the majority of children with AD.
Temperature-Controlled Synthesis of Thiophenol-VBXs from EBXs and Thiophenols
Authors: Zhou Chuang , Chen Lian-Mei , Guo Xiao-Qiang , Kang Tai-Ran , Li Jun , Chen Xing-Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVinylbenziodoxolones (VBXs) are important electrophilic alkene synthons. However, the synthesis of cis-thiophenol-VBX reagents from ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) and thiophenols remains challenging. Herein, we explore an efficient method for the synthesis of cis-thiophenol-VBXs in excellent yield with excellent regio- and stereoselectivities from EBXs and thiophenols under temperature-controlled conditions.
Navigating the maze: the effects of algorithmic management on employee performance
Authors: Liu Mengzhe , Lan Yuanyuan , Liu Zhen , Liu Mingyue , Xia Yuhuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent computer science advancements are now integrated into the workplace, where management increasingly uses algorithm systems. However, despite numerous studies focusing on the impact of algorithms on employees, research on employee creative and adaptive performance remains relatively scarce. To address this research gap, we applied the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) theory and developed a moderated mediation model to examine how algorithmic management affects employee creative and adaptive performance. We administered a survey questionnaire within an information technology service firm in northern China and collected valid responses from 327 employees. We then analyzed the gathered data using SPSS 27.0 and Mplus 8.3 to test the proposed hypotheses. The research findings revealed a potential negative impact of algorithmic management on employee creative and adaptive performance. Specifically, we found that algorithmic management inhibits employees’ improvisation capability, resulting in decreased creative and adaptive performance. Furthermore, we discovered that algorithmic dependence can magnify the negative impact of algorithmic management on improvisation capability. This study offers fresh perspectives on algorithmic management’s impact on employee creative and adaptive performance, contributing to the existing literature. This research delves into the theoretical and practical significance of these findings.
Education legislations that equalize: a study of compulsory schooling law reforms in post-WWII United States
Authors: Liu Ji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCompulsory schooling laws are commonly believed to be effective measures in ensuring individuals benefit from education. However, their implications for racial equality are less-apparent. Exploiting timing and geographic variation in legislation reforms among Southern U.S. states, this study evaluates the differential impact of minimum school-leaving age requirements on short- and long-term labor market outcomes between Black and White men. Results show that each additional year of compulsory schooling produces about 7.3–8.2% increase in adulthood weekly income. While there exists a substantial gap in returns to education between Black and White men at early career stages, this gap is reduced by 37 percentage points at mid-late career. Findings imply that mandating compulsory school attendance motivates both Black and White men to stay in school longer, and thus reducing racial gaps in returns to education.
Optimisation of a multilevel logistics network for prepositioned warehouses under an omni-channel retail model
Authors: Li Chenxing , Shi Xianliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new omni-channel retailing mode, prepositioned warehouses, which developed rapidly in China during the COVID-19 pandemic, was introduced, and a three-level logistics network optimisation model for agricultural products was presented. This study takes into account the characteristics of the omni-channel retail model, which combines the two delivery methods of vehicle delivery and consumer in-store purchase, adds the freshness penalty incurred by fresh agricultural products in the storage process of the prepositioned warehouse, and establishes a mathematical optimisation model of the three-stage logistics network of the prepositioned warehouse that meets the characteristics of omni-channel retailing on the basis of the classical EOQ inventory model. In this work, the shortest delivery time and the smallest total cost are set as the optimisation objectives, and the multi-objective problem is transformed into a single objective through normalisation and linear weighting methods to obtain a mixed-integer optimisation model. This paper solves the problems of site selection for prepositioned warehouses, merchandise replenishment strategies, and optimisation of delivery routes based on data from real cases. Additionally, through sensitivity analysis, the management inspiration of the enterprise is obtained.
A setup for synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy and imaging under magnetic field and low temperature
Authors: Hu Chuansheng , Liu Hengjie , Zhu Huachun , Xie Shiyu , Zhang Huanyu , Chen Min , Qi Zeming 
Published: July 2024

Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful spectroscopic technique for investigating the vibrational and electronic states of matter. Temperature and magnetic field provide important methods to manipulate these states by an external field. Recent advancements have underscored the necessity for investigating small samples like two-dimensional materials with high spatial resolution. In this article, we introduce a versatile setup at the synchrotron infrared beamline, which combines synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy and imaging techniques with the application of magnetic fields and low temperature conditions. This setup facilitates infrared microscopic imaging in magnetic fields up to 8 T and temperatures as low as 5 K, offering a distinctive tool for probing the physical properties of materials under magnetic field and temperature manipulation. This is particularly relevant for studying two-dimensional materials, single cells, and other small samples in geoscience and environmental science, as well as multi-component heterogeneous properties in quantum materials, polymer materials, energy materials, etc.
New social categories in dangerous times
Authors: Aznárez-Mauleón Mónica 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
After a three-month Covid-19 lockdown, the Spanish national and regional governments implemented stringent
rules to curb the pandemic’s spread during the “new normal”. These measures aimed to reduce face-to-face interactions while
sustaining economic and educational activities, reshaping social behaviours and perceptions. Notably, a distinct shift
occurred in Spain’s landscape of social groups and relationships, traditionally characterised by keywords like
familia and amigos/amigas used to refer to close connections. Emerging from political
and legal jargon, technical terms such as unidad familiar, conviviente, and grupo burbuja
entered the public sphere and everyday conversation. Using the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) framework, this study
analyses these expressions, revealing that, unlike familia and amigos/amigas, the new terms
are primarily grounded in the concept of “space” and lack an inherent emotional component. This finding prompts reflection on
the potential impact of these concepts on people’s mindsets in the “new normal” era.
Iso-structural phase transition in pyrochlore iridates (Sm

_{1-x}$

Bix)2Ir2O7 (x = 0, 0.02, and 0.10): high-pressure Raman and x-ray diffraction studies
Authors: Rosalin M , Irshad K A , Joseph Boby , Telang Prachi , Singh Surjeet , S Muthu D V , Sood A K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pyrochlore iridates, A
2Ir2O7, show a wide variety of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties controlled by the interplay of different exchange interactions, which can be tuned by external pressure. In this work, we report pressure-induced iso-structural phase transitions at ambient temperature using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction (up to ∼20 GPa) and Raman-scattering measurements (up to ∼25 GPa) of the pyrochlore series (Sm

_{1-x}

Bi
x
)2Ir2O7 (x = 0, 0.02, and 0.10). Our Raman and x-ray data suggest an iso-structural transition in Sm2Ir2O7 at

P
c

∼ 11.2 GPa, associated with the rearrangement of IrO6 octahedra in the pyrochlore lattice. The transition pressure decreases to ∼10.2 and 9 GPa for x = 0.02 and 0.10, respectively. For all the samples, the linewidth of three phonons associated with Ir–O–Ir (

A

1
g

and Eg
) and Ir–O (

T

2
g

4

) vibrations show anomalous decrease up to

P
c

, due to decrease in electron–phonon interaction.