bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reversal in the vascularity of metastatic liver tumors from colorectal cancer after the cessation of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab: Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography and histological examination
Authors: Kitamura Hiroshi , Koike Shoichiro , Nakazawa Koh , Matsumura Hideyasu , Yokoi Kenta , Nakagawa Kan , Arai Masayuki 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab on tumor vessels, as well as the reversibility of this effect, using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and histology in patients with metastatic liver tumors derived from colorectal cancer.MethodsThe study included 12 patients who received chemotherapy plus bevacizumab, experienced a reduction in tumor vascularity as demonstrated by CEUS and consequently underwent liver resection. CEUS was performed before and after four courses of chemotherapy and before surgery. The numbers of microvessels highlighted by anti‐CD34 antibodies in the viable tumor tissue were counted to quantify the microvessel density (MVD). As a control, 12 surgical specimens from 12 patients who had not received chemotherapy were examined.ResultsA reversal of tumor vascularity was observed in 10 of 12 patients. In two patients, the vascularity remained reduced. The MVD in the treatment group was significantly lower than that observed in the group without treatment.ConclusionThe data suggest that the tumor vessels regenerated substantially, although the effect of chemotherapy plus bevacizumab remained weak for approximately 6 weeks after the cessation of treatment. Therefore, future research must determine whether bevacizumab should be used prior to surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:155–159. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resection of large hepatocellular carcinoma (≥10 cm): A unique western perspective
Authors: Shrager Brian , Jibara Ghalib A. , Tabrizian Parissa , Schwartz Myron E. , Labow Daniel M. , Hiotis Spiros 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFew Western centers have surgically treated a high volume of large hepatocellular carcinoma 10 cm or more in diameter. The study aim was to analyze a large Western cohort of these patients, and to present our outcomes in the context of the more extensive Eastern experience.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients at our center receiving partial hepatectomy from January 1992 to August 2010, and analyzed a cohort with hepatocellular carcinoma ≥10 cm in diameter.ResultsOne hundred thirty patients comprised the cohort. One hundred three (79.2%) of the patients received major anatomic resections, and 23 (17.7%) patients underwent tumor thrombectomy as an adjunct procedure. Perioperative mortality was observed in 9 (6.9%) of cases, but from January 2002 onward, only 2 (2.3%) of the 86 resections performed resulted in a mortality. The survival rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 56.9%, 30.3%, and 18.8%, respectively; the median survival was 17.0 months. The subgroup of 39 patients without gross vascular invasion and satellite nodules achieved a median survival of 40.3 months.ConclusionsResection of large hepatocellular carcinoma can be done with safety at a large Western center, and a subgroup of patients will achieve long‐term survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:111–117. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantum design strategy pushes high‐power vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers beyond 100 W
Authors: Wang T.‐L. , Heinen B. , Hader J. , Dineen C. , Sparenberg M. , Weber A. , Kunert B. , Koch S.W. , Moloney J.V. , Koch M. , Stolz W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCombining rigorous quantum epitaxial design, highly accurate growth, novel processing and thermal management pushes the output power of single chip vertical‐external‐cavity surface‐emitting lasers (VECSELs) beyond the 100 W milestone.
Parametric inference for component distributions from lifetimes of systems with dependent components
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Ng Hon Keung Tony , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn system reliability analysis, for an n ‐component system, the estimation of the performance of the components in the system is not straightforward in practice, especially when the components are dependent. Here, by assuming the n components in the system to be identically distributed with a common distribution belonging to a scale‐family and the dependence structure between the components being known, we discuss the estimation of the lifetime distributions of the components in the system based on the lifetimes of systems with the same structure. We develop a general framework for inference on the scale parameter of the component lifetime distribution. Specifically, the method of moments estimator (MME) and the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) are derived for the scale parameter, and the conditions for the existence of the MLE are also discussed. The asymptotic confidence intervals for the scale parameter are also developed based on the MME and the MLE. General simulation procedures for the system lifetime under this model are described. Finally, some examples of two‐ and three‐component systems are presented to illustrate all the inferential procedures developed here. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012
Adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening for cohesive zone modeling of dynamic fracture
Authors: Park Kyoungsoo , Paulino Glaucio H. , Celes Waldemar , Espinha Rodrigo 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYAdaptive mesh refinement and coarsening schemes are proposed for efficient computational simulation of dynamic cohesive fracture. The adaptive mesh refinement consists of a sequence of edge‐split operators, whereas the adaptive mesh coarsening is based on a sequence of vertex‐removal (or edge‐collapse) operators. Nodal perturbation and edge‐swap operators are also employed around the crack tip region to improve crack geometry representation, and cohesive surface elements are adaptively inserted whenever and wherever they are needed by means of an extrinsic cohesive zone model approach. Such adaptive mesh modification events are maintained in conjunction with a topological data structure (TopS). The so‐called PPR potential‐based cohesive model (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2009; 57:891–908) is utilized for the constitutive relationship of the cohesive zone model. The examples investigated include mode I fracture, mixed‐mode fracture and crack branching problems. The computational results using mesh adaptivity (refinement and coarsening) are consistent with the results using uniform mesh refinement. The present approach significantly reduces computational cost while exhibiting a multiscale effect that captures both global macro‐crack and local micro‐cracks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influenza vaccine safety in pregnancy: can we identify exposures?
Authors: Louik Carol , Chambers Christina , Jacobs Dawn , Rice Fiona , Johnson Diana , Mitchell Allen A. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the feasibility of identifying influenza vaccine exposure in pregnancy.MethodsTwo study designs were used. (i) Women who contacted the Organization of Teratology Information Specialists (OTIS) network and were referred to their research center or contacted the center directly were invited to participate. (ii) Vaccine exposure information was gathered within an ongoing case–control surveillance program, the Slone Birth Defects Study (BDS).To confirm vaccine exposure and obtain details (e.g., brand name, presence of thimerosal), we requested medical records. If records were not available, we contacted the provider for information regarding the vaccine product used in that setting. If the provider used only one vaccine product during the reported exposure period, we assumed those vaccine details applied to the reported exposure. Otherwise, no details could be inferred.ResultsBetween September 2006 and February 2008, OTIS enrolled 106 women who reported influenza vaccine exposure during pregnancy. Vaccine was confirmed for 100 (94.3%); brand was confirmed for 87 (82.1%). Among 2177 BDS interviews completed during the same period, 462 (20.8%) reported influenza vaccine exposure; brand and formulation were available for 314 (69.5%). Over one quarter of the BDS women (29%) received their vaccine in nontraditional settings, where influenza vaccine exposure would not likely be recorded in their medical record.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the capacity both to identify influenza vaccine exposure in pregnancy and to obtain important details of the specific vaccine administered. Many women receive influenza vaccines outside of typical health care settings, which has important implications for influenza vaccine studies that rely on medical records. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PEG‐b‐PtBA‐b‐PHEMA well‐defined amphiphilic triblock copolymer: Synthesis, self‐assembly, and application in drug delivery
Authors: Yuan Li , Chen Wulian , Li Jing , Hu Jianhua , Yan Jianjun , Yang Dong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of well‐defined amphiphilic triblock copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate)‐b‐poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PEG‐b‐PtBA‐b‐PHEMA), were synthesized via successive atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). ATRP of tBA was first initiated by PEG‐Br macroinitiator using CuBr/N,N,N′,N″,N′″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine as catalytic system to give PEG‐b‐PtBA diblock copolymer. This copolymer was then used as macroinitiator to initiate ATRP of HEMA, which afforded the target triblock copolymer, PEG‐b‐PtBA‐b‐PHEMA. The critical micelle concentrations of obtained amphiphilic triblock copolymers were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy using N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine as probe. The morphology and size of formed aggregates were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Finally, an acid‐sensitive PEG‐b‐PtBA‐b‐P(HEMA‐CAD) prodrug via cis‐aconityl linkage between doxorubicin and hydroxyls of triblock copolymers with a high drug loading content up to 38%, was prepared to preliminarily explore the application of triblock copolymer in drug delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of snowman‐like magnetic/nonmagnetic nanocomposite asymmetric particles via seeded emulsion polymerization initiated by γ‐ray radiation
Authors: Wang Feng‐Wei , Liu Hua‐Rong , Zhang Jin‐De , Zhou Xiang‐Tian , Zhang Xing‐Yuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of snowman‐like magnetic/nonmagnetic nanocomposite asymmetric particles (SMNAPs) via seeded emulsion polymerization initiated by γ‐ray radiation. In situ formation of magnetite in the presence of the emulsified poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene‐acrylic acid) microspheres affords raspberry‐like magnetic nanocomposite particles, which are used as seeds for further seeded emulsion polymerization induced by γ‐ray radiation. We study the effect of the kind of surfactant, the kind and content of second monomer, and the content of swelling agent on the morphologies of the final nanocomposite particles. It is found that SMNAPs can be fabricated in high yield using 12‐acryloxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid as the surfactant and styrene as the second monomer with the addition of 2‐butanone (a swelling agent). The as‐synthesized SMNAPs may serve as magnetically controllable solid surfactants to stabilize O/W immiscible mixtures, which preferentially orientated at the interface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Organic solvent‐free catalytic hydrogenation of diene‐based polymer nanoparticles in latex form: Part I. Preparation of nano‐substrate
Authors: Wang Hui , Pan Qinmin , Rempel Garry L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPoly(butadiene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (NBR) nanoparticles were synthesized in a semibatch emulsion polymerization system using Gemini surfactant trimethylene‐1,3‐bis (dodecyldimethylammonium bromide), referred to as Gemini‐type surfactant (GS) 12‐3‐12, as the emulsifier. In this polymerization system, an enhanced decomposition rate of initiator ammonium persulfate was achieved even under the low temperature of 50 °C which is attributed to the acidic initiation environment provided using GS 12‐3‐12. The microstructure and copolymer composition of the polymer nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier‐transformed infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of the surfactant concentration on the particle size, zeta potential, polymerization conversion, copolymer composition, molecular weight, and glass transition temperature (Tg) were investigated. It was found that the particle diameter can be controlled by the surfactant concentration and monomer/water ratio and particle sizes below 20 nm can be reached. The obtained latex particles exhibit a spherical morphology. A kinetic study of the copolymerization reaction was carried out, which indicated that an azeotropic composition was produced. The synthesized fine NBR nanoparticles can be employed as the nano substrate for a subsequent hydrogenation process so as to overcome the challenge involved in the field of latex hydrogenation of polymers, which can be found in a related report: Organic Solvent‐Free Catalytic Hydrogenation of Diene‐based Polymer Nanoparticles in Latex Form: Part II. Kinetic Analysis and Mechanistic Study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Conformationally restricted linear polyurethanes from acetalized sugar‐based monomers
Authors: Begines Belén , Zamora Francisca , Benito Elena , García‐Martín Mª de Gracia , Galbis Juan A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLinear polyurethanes based on sugar monomers having D‐gluco, galacto, and D‐manno configurations and their secondary hydroxyl groups protected as bicyclic acetals, have been prepared by polyaddition reaction of these diol monomers to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) and 4,4′‐methylene‐bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI). The new polyurethanes seem to be amorphous materials, except that obtained from 2,3:4,5‐di‐O‐methylene‐galactitol and HMDI. Weight‐average molecular weights, determined by GPC, were in the range 16,000–115,200. TGA analyses indicated that the thermal stability of these bicyclic polyurethanes is comparable to those based on the isosorbide; both the onset and the maximum rate decomposition temperatures increased significantly with respect to the polyurethanes based on acyclic sugar monomers. The presence of the acetalized alditol units in the polyurethanes also increased the Tgs as compared with their acyclic analogs. Deacetalization of the polyurethanes containing di‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐mannitol units yielded the polyhydroxylated polymers in good yields, without apparent degradation of the polymer chain. These hydroxylated polymers showed an enhanced hydrophilicity and degradability and lower Tgs and thermal stability than their parent acetalized polyurethanes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Synthesis of multiwalled carbon nanotube/fluorine‐containing poly(p‐phenylene benzoxazole) composites exhibiting greatly enhanced dielectric constants
Authors: Zhuang Qixin , Mao Xiaoyang , Xie Zhong , Liu Xiaoyun , Wang Qing , Chen Yi , Han Zhewen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of high‐performance polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) composites with different nanotube contents have been prepared via condensation of N‐silylated diamino terminated precursor of the polymer with acid chloride‐functionalized CNTs and subsequent thermal cyclodehydration. The composites have been fully characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. Various interesting morphologic features including helical structures have been observed in the composites as a result of covalent attachment of the polymer. The composites exhibit excellent thermal stability and a significant improvement in the dielectric constant and mechanical strength with the inclusion of CNTs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Unprecedented diverse nanostructures formed by amphiphilic graft copolymer bearing PEO side chains synthesized by ATNRC
Authors: Li Yaogong , Du Ming , Li Yongjun , Sui Long , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA series of well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers bearing hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) side chains with tunable grafting densities were synthesized by atom transfer nitroxide radical coupling (ATNRC) reaction using CuBr/PMDETA as catalytic system via the grafting‐onto strategy. PEO side chains were linked to α‐C of carbonyl of polyacrylate‐based backbone, not to the ester side groups as usual, so that every repeating unit of the backbone possessed a pendant steric bulky tert‐butyl group. The critical micelle concentrations of the obtained amphiphilic graft copolymers in aqueous media determined by fluorescence probe technique using pyrene as probe increased with the raising of molecular weights. These amphiphilic graft copolymers with novel chemical structure showed unprecedented diverse nanostructures visualized by transmission electron microscopy in aqueous media and micellar morphologies varied with the changing of experiment parameters. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Oxidative polymerization of 2,6‐dimethylphenol to form poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) in water through one water‐soluble copper(II) complex of a zwitterionic calix[4]arene
Authors: Wan Li‐Min , Li Hong‐Xi , Zhao Wei , Ding Hong‐Ye , Fang Yang‐Yang , Ni Pei‐Hong , Lang Jian‐Ping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn the presence of excess NaOH, reaction of Cu(OAc)2·H2O with equimolar ammonium calix[4]arene [H4L]I4 (1, H4L = [5,11,17,23‐tetrakis(trimethylammonium)‐25,26,27,28‐tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene]) resulted in the formation of a mononuclear cationic Cu(II) complex [Cu(II)L(H2O)]I2 (2) in 43% yield. Complex 2 was characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The Cu(II) atom in 2 is coordinated by four oxygen atoms of one L4− ligand and one O atom from one water molecule, forming a square pyramidal geometry. Complex 2 exhibited high catalytic activity in the oxidative polymerization of 2,6‐dimethylphenol using O2 as oxidizing agent in water under mild conditions. The selective polymerization produced poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) in high yields with almost no diphenoquinone. The influence of the polymerization temperature, the time interval, the molar ratio of 2,6‐dimethylphenol/2, the concentrations of sodium hydroxide, and sodium n‐dodecyl sulfate were examined. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
A novel poly(p‐phenylene) containing alternating poly(perfluorooctylethyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene grafts by combination of atom transfer radical polymerization and Suzuki coupling processes
Authors: Durmaz Yasemin Yuksel , Sahkulubey Elif L. , Yagci Yusuf , Martinelli Elisa , Galli Giancarlo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA poly(p‐phenylene) (PP), carrying perfectly alternating, well‐defined poly(perfluorooctylethyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate) [P(FEA‐co‐MMA)] and polystyrene (PS) side chain grafts, was synthesized by the combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and Suzuki cross‐coupling processes. First, dibromobenzene and diboronic ester functional macromonomers of P(FEA‐co‐MMA) and PS, respectively, were prepared by ATRP. In the second step, PP with lateral alternating P(FEA‐co‐MMA) and PS chains was synthesized by a Suzuki coupling reaction in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 catalyst. The wetting behavior of the polymers was studied by measurements of the static contact angle θ of thin films (200−400 nm thickness) using water and n‐hexadecane as wetting liquids. The obtained fluorinated PP showed high static contact angles with both interrogating liquids, exhibiting simultaneously hydrophobic (θw = 111°) and lipophobic (θh = 67°) properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Void properties in silicon heavily doped with arsenic and phosphorus
Authors: Voronkov Vladimir , Falster Robert , Porrini Maria , Duchini Januscia 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGrown‐in voids in silicon are strongly affected by donor dopants. For As‐doped wafers, voids (revealed as light‐scattering surface defects observed after cleaning) show a pronounced increase in their density up to [As] = 1.7 × 1019 cm−3, but at higher [As] the void density drops sharply. A similar behaviour was found for P‐doped wafers where a sharp drop occurs at [P] > 2.9 × 1019 cm−3. Such a dependence is accounted for by an effect of minor impurity species: vacancy‐impurity complexes (trapped vacancies) and interstitial impurity atoms (trapped self‐interstitials). The total incorporated concentration of the vacancy species is first incremented due to the trapped vacancies. At higher impurity concentrations, it is reduced due to an increased contribution of negatively charged interstitial impurity species. The simulated dependence of void density and size on the impurity concentration is well consistent with the experimental data.
Copper‐alloyed ZnS as a p‐type transparent conducting material
Authors: Diamond Anthony M. , Corbellini Luca , Balasubramaniam K. R. , Chen Shiyou , Wang Shuzhi , Matthews Tyler S. , Wang Lin‐Wang , Ramesh Ramamoorthy , Ager Joel W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCopper alloyed ZnS was investigated as a p‐type, transparent conducting material composed of earth‐abundant elements. Thin films of Cu‐alloyed ZnS were synthesized using pulsed laser deposition with Cu contents in the range of x = 0.06–0.27 (Cu content x is reported as the fraction of cation present). Thermopower and Hall effect measurements show that the films are p‐type. We find that transparency and conductivity are comparable to some of the best reported p‐type materials with our best films exhibiting conductivities of 54 S cm−1 and optical transmission of 65% at 550. The hole conduction mechanism is discussed in terms of possible Cu acceptor doping of the ZnS and hole conductivity in a minority Cu2S phase. Transparent rectifying p‐CuZnS/n‐ZnO diodes were fabricated. magnified image
Photo demonstrating the high transparency of a rectifying heterojunction diode made with p‐type Cu‐alloyed ZnS and n‐type ZnO.
Role of potential fluctuations in phase‐change GST memory devices
Authors: Agarwal Satish C. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe long range potential fluctuations (LRPFs) arising from the defects and heterogeneities in disordered semiconductors are important for understanding their atomic and electronic properties. Here, they are measured in GeXSbYTe1−X−Y (GST) chalcogenide glasses used in rewritable phase change memory (PCM) devices. It is found that the most commonly used composition Ge2Sb2Te5 has the smallest LRPF amongst its nearby compositions. This finding may be useful in the search for better PCM materials.
Stability of 71° stripe domains in epitaxial BiFeO3 films upon repeated electrical switching
Authors: Johann Florian , Morelli Alessio , Vrejoiu Ionela 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe 71° stripe domain patterns of epitaxial BiFeO3 thin films are frequently being explored to achieve new functional properties, dissimilar from the BiFeO3 bulk properties. We show that in‐plane switching and out‐of‐plane switching of these domains behave very differently. In the in‐plane configuration the domains are very stable, whereas in the out‐of‐plane configuration the domains change their size and patterns, depending on the applied switching voltage frequency. magnified image