bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Release of Insulin by Prostaglandins in Isolated Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Johnson David G , Fujimoto Wilfred Y , Williams Robert H 
Published: December 2014

The effects of several prostaglandins on insulin release were studied during incubation of isolated pancreatic islets from the rat. The glucose-stimulated release of insulin into medium containing 300 mg. per cent glucose and 1.0 mM. theophylline was increased approximately twofold by PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2α. The effect of PGE1was apparent at doses as low as 10−8 M. and progressively increased with concentrations up to 10−5 M. PGA1 did not affect insulin release. Inhibition of insulin release by norepinephrine (10−5 M.) was partially reversed by both PGE1 and PGE2. None of the prostaglandins affected the small basal release of insulin into medium containing 30 mg. per cent glucose. PGE1 (10−5 M.) increased the accumulation of cyclic AMP formed from labeled precursor by pancreatic islets incubated in media containing 10 mM. theophylline and either 30 mg. per cent or 300 mg. per cent glucose.
These results indicate that prostaglandins can enhance the release of insulin from beta cellsin response to glucose. This action is antagonistic to the inhibitory effect of norepinephrine on insulin release and may be mediated through effects on adenyl cyclase activity.
Personality Disorder and Reactive Hypoglycemia: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Anthony Dick , Dippe Stephen , Hofeldt Fred D , Davis John W , Forsham Peter H 
Published: December 2014

Thirty-seven previously diagnosed reactive hypoglycemic patients (HP) were evaluatedand classified according to blood glucose nadir and plasma cortisol response to the nadir. We found eight definite, ten probable, and thirteen possible HP. Six patients were vaguely symptomatic without chemical evidence of hypoglycemia. Underlying etiology for the HP included nine diabetics, seven alimentary, thirteen idiopathic, one hypothyroid, and one with liver disease.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was given to all the patients and to twenty-one patients with various endocrine disorders without hypoglycemic symptoms. HP had mean scores two standard deviations above normal on hypochondriasis and hysteria scales with all other scales within normal limits. Definite, probable, and possible HP did not differ significantly from each other. HP differed significantly from mixed endocrine patients on the Hs and Hy scales (p &lt; .001) and from vaguely symptomatic patients on the Hy scale (p &lt; .05). The latter groups were normal on all scales.
HP of varying etiology (diabetic, alimentary, or idiopathic) show the same MMPI pattern. Thispattern differs from that shown in previous MMPI studies of diabetic patients and patients with gastric surgery without hypoglycemia. Thus, a relationship between hypoglycemia, of whatever origin, and this specific personality pattern is suggested.
Insulin Response to Glucose and Tolbutamide in “Essential” versus “Pancreatic” Mild Glucose Intolerance
Authors: Vague Philippe , Ramahandridona Georges , Gerolami André 
Published: December 2014

In order to determine whether the symptom of “mild glucose intolerance” is associated with functional β cell abnormalities, differing depending on their etiology, the insulin response to intravenously injected glucose was compared with that to intravenous tolbutamide in three homogeneous groups of subjects. Normal weight (NW) subjects comprised one group; chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients'another and obese subjects (O) the other. Each group included both nondiabetic and chemical diabetic subjects.
A. In nondiabetic subjects the early insulin response to glucose (0-10' post glucose insulin area) was similar to that to tolbutamide (NW:310N/ml. x mn. versus 343-CP:299 versus 318-O:576 versus 600).
B. In all the diabetics the early insulin response to glucose was diminished compared to their nondiabetic counterparts (NW:114 versus 310; CP:120 versus 299; O:320 versus 576.
C. The early response to tolbutamide, compared with that of their nondiabetic counterparts, was similar for the diabetic subjects in the normal-weight (333 to 343 for the controls) and overweight, having or not having a family history of diabetes, (779 and 752 respectively to 600) groups but lower for the diabetics in the chronic pancreatitis group (120 to 318). While in the chemical diabetes of chronic pancreatitis patients the lower response to glucose seems due to a reduction in the functional mass of the cells, in essential diabetes of normal weight as well as obese subjects it is related to an insensitivity of the pancreas to glucose. Estimation of the latter by comparison with the response to tolbutamide in a given individual allows one to dispense with the necessity of referring to a control group and to eliminate the influence of hyperinsulinism.
Dietary and Drug Treatment of Hyperlipidemia in Diabetes
Authors: Albrink Margaret J 
Published: December 2014

Diabetics have increased risk of ASCVD and patients with ASCVD have increased incidence of diabetes. Patients with diabetes are susceptible to hypertriglyceridemia, particularly if they are obese maturity-onset diabetics. Elevated plasma triglycerides may constitute a greater risk factor for ASCVD than elevated plasma cholesterol in diabetics.
The classification of hyperlipidemia can be made on the basis of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentration measured in the fasting state. Hypercholesterolemia (type II) or hypertriglyceridemia with or without hypercholesterolemia (type IV) will comprise the great majority of hyperlipidemias.
The treatment of hyperlipidemia in diabetics is uncertain because most dietary and drug studies have centered about cholesterol rather than Trigrycerides, and most such studies have excluded diabetics. It is necessary, then, to assume that treatment ppropriate for nondiabetics is also appropriate for diabetics.
The first order of treatment is restoration of body weight to ideal, as Is usually the case, it exceeds ideal weight.
If weight reduction fails to bring about normal lipids, modest reduction of total dietary fat, of saturated fat, and slight increase in nsaturated fat and decrease in dletary cholesterol is worth a trial regardless of type of lipidemia. Although this diet is aimed chiefly at reduction of cholesterol it either does not change or may even decrease the plasma triglyceride concentration. Carbohydrates should be in the complex form with high fiber content.
If hypertriglyceridemia persists despite the above measures, limited evidence suggests that restriction of dietary carbohydrate to 40 or 30 per cent of calories with a corresponding increase in fat may be effective. If the added fat is polyunsaturated the cholesterol will nort increase. If chylomicronemia is present a very low fat diet may be necessary.
Only when diet fails are drugs justified. Only two drugs are of practical usefulness: cholestyramine for the treatment of pure hypercholesterolemia (type II) and clofibfate for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia (types III, IV and V). Clofibrate is probably worth trying also in hypercholesterolemia.
There is as yet no firm evidence that lowering lipids by whatever means reduces the risk of ASCVD, though several studies give cause for optimism. Diabetics have been excluded from most such studies. There is need for long-range diet and drug studies of diabetics.
Cationic Environment and Dynamics of Insulin Secretion: II. Effect of a High Concentration of Potassium
Authors: Henquin Jean-Claude , Lambert Andre E 
Published: December 2014

The effects of 24 mM K+ upon the dynamics of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) release were studied in perifused rat islets in the absence of glucose and in its presence at concentrations of 50 and 300 mg. per 100 ml. Raising external K+ to 24 mM in the absence or in the presence of glucose (50 mg. per 100 ml.) was rapidly followed by a transient discharge of IRI. This rapid secretory phase was markedly inhibited in a medium containing 1 mM Na+ and was totally obliterated in a Ca2+-free medium.
The early IRI response to a simultaneous increase of glucose to 300 mg. per 100 ml. and of K+ to 24 mM was enhanced while the late response was not significantly modified. In contrast, the same rise in glucose concentration after a twenty-five minute perifusion in a medium containing 24 mM K+ provoked markedly diminished early and late phases of IRI release. Under both experimental conditions, the effect of glucose was almost completely abolished in a medium containing 1 mM Na+. The stimulant action of glucose was not restored when K+ concentration was lowered from 24 to 6 mM at the time of glucose increase, but was normal if this diminution of K+ occurred ten minutes earlier.
It is hypothesized that modifications in IRI secretion rate induced by 24 mM K+ result from changes in membrane permeability for Ca2+.
Studies with (+)—Octanoylcarnitine in Experimental Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: McGarry J Denis , Foster Daniel W 
Published: December 2014

The ability of (+)-decanoylcarnitine to inhibit ketogenesis in perfused livers from severely ketotic alloxan diabetic rats and to cause the rapid reversal of ketoacidosis in intact animals was shown not to be the result of a detergent action of this compound, since no such effects were seen when similar experiments were carried out with (−)-decanoylcarnitine.
Comparison of the hexanoyl, octanoyl and decanoyl esters of (+)-carnitine for their antiketogenic capacity in perfused Hvers from alloxan diabetic rats revealed that the eight- and ten-carbon homologues were equally effective, with the six-carbon species having less inhibitory properties. When tested in vivo, both in the presence and absence of insulin, the eight-carbon species exhibited the greatest hypoketoiemic potential.
Further studies with (+)-octanoyIcarnitine showed that (a) its potent effects in the rat are completely reversible; (b) it is not metabolized in this animal species and is rapidly excreted by the kidneys; (c) it has a far lower hemolytic capacity than (+)-decanoylcarnitine; and (d) it is capable of reversing severe ketoacidosis when administered orally, although the doses required using this procedure are much greater than those needed when the agent is given intravenously.
It is concluded that (+)-acylcarnitines are useful tools for studies of metabolic regulation both in vitro and in vivo. In this regard the compound of choice would seem to be (+)-octanoylcarnitine.
Insulin Binding to Isolated Human Adipocytes
Authors: Olefsky Jerrold M , Jen Phyllis , Reaven Gerald M 
Published: December 2014

In order to study the binding of insulin to insulin-sensitive human tissue, we isolated adipocytes from surgically obtained human fat tissue. Our data demonstrate that insulin readily and specifically binds to isolated adipocytes. The time course of this reaction indicates that steady state binding conditions occur at forty-five minutes, with a subsequent decline in binding later. There is no appreciable insulin or receptor degradation before forty-five minutes, suggesting a true equilibrium. After forty-five minutes the decline in binding can be accounted for by insulin plus receptor degradation. At 3 × 10−11 M 125-I-insulin and 2 × 105 cells per milliliter, 1.8 to 2.4 per cent of the 125-I-insulin was bound. The specificity of this binding reaction is demonstrated by the high concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and human growth hormone that are without effect on binding, while proinsulin and desalanine insulin inhibit binding in proportion to their biologic activity. On the other hand, binding can be readily inhibited by porcine insulin at physiologic concentrations, i.e. binding is 13 per cent inhibited at 1 ng. per milliliter and 50 per cent inhibited at 8.6 ng. per milliliter. The kinetic behavior of this reaction can be approximated by Scatchard analysis, which indicates 50,000 high affinity sites per cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.9 × 10−9 M per liter and 250,000 low affinity sites per cell with a Kd of 8 × 10−9 M per liter.
In conclusion, these studies demonstrate and characterize the binding of insulin to normal isolated human adipocytes; they indicate that the study of insulin-adipocyte binding is a possible means to gain further insight into the mechanism of altered response to insulin in human disease states.
Hypophysectomy in Diabetic Retinopathy: The Relationship Between the Degree of Pituitary Ablation and Ocular Response
Authors: Adams Donald A , Rand Robert W , Roth Nathan H , Dashe Alfred M , Gipstein Robert M , Heuser Gunnar 
Published: December 2014

Cryohypophysectomy was performed twenty-nine times in twenty-eight critically selected insulin-dependent diabetic subjects who exhibited progressive proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The procedure was safe, relatively free of significant complications, and medical management was not difficult. Various endocrine parameters of pituitary function were studied before and after surgery with emphasis on growth hormone activity. Seventeen of the twenty-eight patients demonstrated evidence of “complete” pituitary ablation with twenty (71.4 per cent) patients showing a favorable ocular response after an average follow-up of forty-three months. Fourteen (82 per cent) of the seventeen patients with “complete” pituitary ablation had a favorable ocular response.
Five patients had transsphenoidal microsurgical pituitary ablation, but this procedure was not as satisfactory as cryoablation in our hands.
Growth hormone ablation appeared to be a common factor in most of the cases who had favorable results, particularly illustrated by a few patients who improved only after repeat surgery ablated growth hormone that had not been eliminated by their initial operation.
Our data suggest that there is a positive relationship between the degree of pituitary ablation and successful ocular response and support the hypothesis that growth hormone may play a causal role in diabetic retinopathy.
Insulin Extractable from the Pancreas and Islet Cell Histology: Comparative Studies in Spontaneous Diabetes in Dogs and Human Subjects
Authors: Wrenshall Gerald A , Hartroft W Stanley , Best Charles H 
Published: December 2014

The characteristics of diabetes mellitus in man have long been compared, either directly or by inference, with those of diabetes produced in animals by experimental means. From the earliest studies in this field by von Mering and Minkowski1, in the work leading to the discovery of insulin2 (1921), and in many later investigations, the dog has occupied a prominent and productive place amongst experimental animals. In recent years, special aspects of the spontaneous diabetes of dogs have come under study in this laboratory and in that of Professor Henry Ricketts in Chicago.
It is the purpose of this paper to examine the available data to determine the degree to which the spontaneous and the experimentally induced diabetes mellitus of dogs correspond with each other and with the spontaneous diabetes mellitus of man, in terms of the insulin extractable from the pancreas and the histological state of the islands of Langerhans. The relationship of these factors to the diabetic state with which they are associated will also be considered.
PSO Based Optimal Location and Sizing of SVC for Novel Multiobjective Voltage Stability Analysis during N – 2 Line Contingency
Authors: Mangaiyarkarasi S.P. , Raja T. Sree Renga 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this paper voltage stability is analysed based not only on the voltage deviations from the nominal values but also on the number of limit violating buses and severity of voltage limit violations. The expression of the actual state of the system as a numerical index like severity, aids the system operator in taking better security related decisions at control centres both during a period of contingency and also at a highly stressed operating condition. In contrary to conventional N – 1 contingency analysis, Northern Electric Reliability Council (NERC) recommends N – 2 line contingency analysis. The decision of the system operator to overcome the present contingency state of the system must blend harmoniously with the stability of the system. Hence the work presents a novel N – 2 contingency analysis based on the continuous severity function of the system. The study is performed on 4005 possible combinations of N – 2 contingency states for the practical Indian Utility 62 bus system. Static VAr Compensator is used to improve voltage profile during line contingencies. A multi- objective optimization with the objective of minimizing the voltage deviation and also the number of limit violating bus with optimal location and optimal sizing of SVC is achieved by Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm.
Validation of Finite Element Solutions of Nonlinear, Periodic Eddy Current Problems
Authors: Plasser René , Bíró Oszkár 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
An industrial application is presented to validate a finite element analysis of 3-dimensional, nonlinear eddy-current problems with periodic excitation. The harmonic- balance method and the fixed-point technique are applied to get the steady state solution using the finite element method. The losses occurring in steel reinforcements underneath a reactor due to induced eddy-currents are computed and compared to measurements.
Differentiability and ApproximateDifferentiability for Intrinsic LipschitzFunctions in Carnot Groups and a RademacherTheorem
Authors: Franchi Bruno , Marchi Marco , Serapioni Raul Paolo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA Carnot group G is a connected, simply connected, nilpotent Lie group with stratified Lie algebra.We study intrinsic Lipschitz graphs and intrinsic differentiable graphs within Carnot groups. Both seem to bethe natural analogues inside Carnot groups of the corresponding Euclidean notions. Here ‘natural’ is meantto stress that the intrinsic notions depend only on the structure of the algebra of G. We prove that one codimensionalintrinsic Lipschitz graphs are sets with locally finite G-perimeter. From this a Rademacher’s typetheorem for one codimensional graphs in a general class of groups is proved.
Riemannian Polyhedra and Liouville-Type Theorems for Harmonic Maps
Authors: Sinaei Zahra 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper is a study of harmonic maps fromRiemannian polyhedra to locally non-positively curvedgeodesic spaces in the sense of Alexandrov. We prove Liouville-type theorems for subharmonic functionsand harmonic maps under two different assumptions on the source space. First we prove the analogue ofthe Schoen-Yau Theorem on a complete pseudomanifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature. Then we study2-parabolic admissible Riemannian polyhedra and prove some vanishing results on them.
A Monograph of the Polish Oxfordian Echinoids: Part 2, Subclass Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860
Authors: Radwańska Urszula 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The non-cidaroid echinoids (subclass Euechinoidea Bronn, 1860) from the Oxfordian epicontinental sequence of Poland (Polish Jura, Holy Cross Mountains, Mid-Polish Anticlinorium) are assigned to the genera Hemipedina Wright, 1855, Hemicidaris L. Agassiz, 1838, Hemitiaris Pomel, 1883, Pseudocidaris Étallon, 1859, Stomechinus Desor, 1856, Eucosmus L. Agassiz in Agassiz and Desor, 1846, Glypticus L. Agassiz, 1840, Pleurodiadema de Loriol, 1870, Diplopodia McCoy, 1848, Trochotiara Lambert, 1901, Desorella Cotteau, 1855, and Heterocidaris Cotteau, 1860, plus one acropeltid taxon, and one taxon left in open nomenclature.
Within the genus Hemicidaris L. Agassiz, 1838, the relationship between Hemicidaris intermedia (Fleming, 1828), Hemicidaris crenularis L. Agassiz, 1839 [non Lamarck, nec Goldfuss] and Hemicidaris quenstedti Mérian, 1855, all with confused taxonomy, is discussed.
Based on test structure, the genera Polydiadema Lambert, 1883, and Trochotiara Lambert, 1901, of the family Emiratiidae Ali, 1990, are proved to be separate; the common species mamillana of F.A. Roemer (1836) is a typical Trochotiara.
An attention is paid to the morphology of the tiny, juvenile specimens, common in Eucosmus decoratus L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz and Desor, 1846, and in Pleurodiadema stutzi (Moesch, 1867).
Romanian in Vitro Bryophyte Collection and its Role for Conservation
Authors: Cogălniceanu Gina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The in vitro bryophyte collection of the Institute of Biology Bucharest represents the first initiative at national level for bryophyte ex-situ conservation using biotechnological techniques. Micro-propagation and medium-term storage protocols have been developed for 25 bryophyte species of both liverworts and mosses. The collection serves for conservation as well as for research and biotechnological purposes.
Recurrent Inequalities and Some of their Applications to Picard and Mann Iterations
Authors: Berinde Vasile , Măruşter Ştefan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTwo lemmas concerning the superior bound of a numerical sequence satisfying a common recurrence inequality are given. As applications, the error estimations are obtained for the Picard and Mann iterations in the case of demicontractive mappings. Additional conditions that ensure the strong convergence in the same cases can be obtained on the basis of these lemmas.
Energy expenditure of nordic walking and conventional walking assessed by accelerometer
Authors: Mynarski Władysław , Grabara Małgorzata , Rozpara Michał , Nawrocka Agnieszka , Powerska-Didkowska Aneta , Borek Zbigniew 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Study aim: the objective was to assess and compare the energy expenditure (EE) and exercise heart rate (EHR) during Nordic Walking (NW), and conventional walking (W) in physical education and tourism/recreation university students.

Material and methods: a total of 53 women and 65 men, students at the Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, and Polytechnic in Opole, in Poland, were investigated to assess the EE of Nordic Walking and conventional walking, and to measure the EHR, a uniaxial accelerometer – Caltrac Monitor, and a pulsometer – Polar RS 400 SD were used. After a standard warm-up, the participants (joined group) were marching with poles for 30 minutes, at a speed regulated by the group’s leader, who used footpod’s indications: 5.5–6.5 km/h – in Katowice, and 7.5–8.5 km/h – in Opole. After a break, during which the participants’ heart rate decreased below 100 bpm, the above actions and measurements were repeated, during normal walking.

Results: energy expenditure during Nordic Walking (EE NW), expressed in kcals and METs, was in women and in men, at both analyzed speeds, significantly higher (p < 0.05) than during conventional walking (EE W). EHR was higher during NW, compared to W, and the statistically significant differences were revealed both in female’s and male’s groups.

Conclusions: our study data have shown that EE and EHR during Nordic Walking, have been significantly higher than during conventional walking, regardless of the moving speed and gender. NW might present a useful modality in prevention of hypokinetic disorders.
Tourist's Perceptions in the Liberec Region
Authors: Gómez Helmuth Yesid Arias , Antošová Gabriela 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper was elaborated on the basis of a ground work and in the next stage the primary data was processed and analyzed. According to the ground research, this article explores features of cultural rural tourism in the region of liberec. the perceptions of 500 tourists were examined and their responses were analyzed by a statistical program. the results could be used to improve or promote the tourist services in the selected tourist destinations. some visitor's preferences were detected in terms of cultural rural activities, natural and rural landscape. in the liberec region were confirmed the richness of nature, cultural heritage, social life in local communities and their traditions. the correspondence analysis between reasons were made of the visitors responses.