bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus and oral disease – emerging evidence: a review
Authors: Prabhu SR , Wilson DF 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infections have received considerable attention in recent years. Of the 120 or so known types of the virus, some cause a variety of benign wart‐like lesions of the skin and genital and oral mucosae, whilst others are aetiologically associated with cervical and anogenital cancers. Recent epidemiologic evidence suggests that HPV may also be an independent risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. In this context it has been suggested that HPV virus may modulate the process of carcinogenesis in some tobacco and alcohol induced oropharyngeal cancers and act as the primary oncogenic agent for inducing carcinogenesis among non‐smokers. Dental practitioners have a major role in detecting all lesions of the oral mucosa caused, or possibly caused, by HPV. This paper briefly reviews the current state of knowledge of molecular and clinical aspects of HPV infections of the oral mucosa.
A Minimal Set of SNPs for the Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis of β‐Thalassaemia
Authors: Papasavva Thessalia E. , Lederer Carsten W. , Traeger‐Synodinos Jan , Mavrou Ariadne , Kanavakis Emmanuel , Ioannou Christiana , Makariou Christiana , Kleanthous Marina 
Published: January 2013

Summaryβ‐thalassaemia is one of the commonest autosomal recessive single‐gene disorders worldwide. Prenatal tests use invasive methods, posing a risk for the pregnancy itself. Development of a noninvasive prenatal diagnostic method is, therefore, of paramount importance. The aim of the present study is to identify high‐heterozygote informative single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), suitable for the development of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of β‐thalassaemia. SNP genotyping analysis was performed on 75 random samples from the Cypriot population for 140 SNPs across the β‐globin cluster. Shortlisted, highly heterozygous SNPs were then examined in 101 carrier families for their applicability in the noninvasive detection of paternally inherited alleles. Forty‐nine SNPs displayed more than 6% heterozygosity and were selected for NIPD analysis, revealing 72.28% of the carrier families eligible for qualitative SNP‐based NIPD, and 92% for quantitative detection. Moreover, inference of haplotypes showed predominant haplotypes and many subhaplotypes with sufficient prevalence for diagnostic exploitation. SNP‐based analyses are sensitive and specific for the detection of the paternally inherited allele in maternal plasma. This study provides proof of concept for this approach, highlighting its superiority to NIPD based on single markers and thus providing a blueprint for the general development of noninvasive prenatal diagnostic assays for β‐thalassaemia.
Comparison of combined, biochemical and nuchal translucency screening for Down syndrome in first trimester in Northern Finland
Authors: Peuhkurinen Sini , Laitinen Paivi , Honkasalo Timppa , Ryynanen Markku , Marttala Jaana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of fetal nuchal translucency screening, maternal serum screening and combined screening for Down syndrome.DesignA prospective study.SettingUniversity hospital and its public health care district in Northern Finland.PopulationA total of 35 314 women participated in the first‐trimester screening for Down syndrome within the public healthcare system in 2002–08. There were 95 pregnancies involving Down syndrome. Serum samples were obtained from 35 314 women, nuchal translucency was measured in 27 144 pregnancies and full combined screening was performed in those pregnancies, including 76 involving Down syndrome.MethodsThe adjusted estimated risk for Down syndrome was calculated using the Perkin Elmer AutoDELFIA® time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay kit for the measurement of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A and free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin. Nuchal translucency was measured by trained personnel in a university or district hospital. Risk cut‐off figures 1:250 and 1:300 at term were used.Main outcome measuresDifferences in detection rate, false‐positive rate, positive and negative predictive values between nuchal translucency screening, serum screening and combined screening.ResultsUsing the risk cut‐off figure 1:250, the detection rates for serum screening, nuchal translucency screening and combined screening were 64.2, 64.5 and 72.4%, respectively and the false‐positive rates were 7.8, 4.4 and 4.0%, respectively.ConclusionsCombined screening is the method of choice for Down syndrome screening in Finland.
Effects of craniosacral therapy as adjunct to standard treatment for pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women: a multicenter, single blind, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elden Helen , Östgaard Hans‐Christian , Glantz Anna , Marciniak Pia , Linnér Ann‐Charlotte , Olsén Monika Fagevik 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivePelvic girdle pain (PGP) is a disabling condition affecting 30% of pregnant women. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of craniosacral therapy as an adjunct to standard treatment compared with standard treatment alone for PGP during pregnancy.DesignRandomized, multicenter, single blind, controlled trial.SettingUniversity hospital, a private clinic and 26 maternity care centers in Gothenburg, Sweden.PopulationA total of 123 pregnant women with PGP.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to standard treatment (control group, n = 60) or standard treatment plus craniosacral therapy (intervention group, n = 63).Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures: pain intensity (visual analog scale 0–100 mm) and sick leave. Secondary outcomes: function (Oswestry Disability Index), health‐related quality of life (European Quality of Life measure), unpleasantness of pain (visual analog scale), and assessment of the severity of PGP by an independent examiner.ResultsBetween‐group differences for morning pain, symptom‐free women and function in the last treatment week were in favor of the intervention group. Visual analog scale median was 27 mm (95% confidence interval 24.6–35.9) vs. 35 mm (95% confidence interval 33.5–45.7) (p = 0.017) and the function disability index was 40 (range 34–46) vs. 48 (range 40–56) (p = 0.016).ConclusionsLower morning pain intensity and less deteriorated function was seen after craniosacral therapy in conjunction with standard treatment compared with standard treatment alone, but no effects regarding evening pain and sick‐leave. Treatment effects were small and clinically questionable and conclusions should be drawn carefully. Further studies are warranted before recommending craniosacral therapy for PGP.
Associations of the type of childcare with reported preventive medical and dental care utilization for 1‐ to 5‐year‐old children in the United States
Authors: Kim Juhee , Kaste Linda M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveDespite that the majority of US children use nonparental childcare (NPC), research examining its effects on children's preventive healthcare utilization is lacking. Our aim was to contrast NPC against parental childcare in terms of preventive medical and dental care utilization.MethodsAssociations of childcare and healthcare utilization were evaluated using the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health, a telephone interview of parent‐reported children's health (22 773 children ages 1‐ to 5‐year old). The type of childcare was categorized as parental care, center‐based care (CBC), nonrelative home care (NRHC), relative care (RCC), and mixed care (MCC). The outcome measures were preventive medical care (≥1 physical examination/well child check‐up visit) and preventive dental care (≥1 check‐ups/dental cleanings visit) during the past 12 months.ResultsOverall, 94.7% of 1‐ to 5‐year‐old children received preventive medical care, while only 53.6% received preventive dental care. The highest odds for preventive medical care was for 1‐ to 2‐year‐old children utilizing CBC [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.11–7.30] and for 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children utilizing MCC (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.23–3.26) followed by CBC (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.13–2.42). Considering preventive dental care, a statistically significant increase occurred for 1‐ to 2‐year‐old children with CBC (OR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.62–2.30), and none occurred for any NPC above the parental childcare rates for 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children.ConclusionsChildcare use, particularly center‐based care, may provide a means to raise preventive healthcare utilization for young children. Future regulations, as well as policy and program development, should consider promoting childcare settings as a means to improve preventive health care utilization.
Immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae in asthma patients: comparison between stable situation and exacerbation
Authors: Otero C , Paz R D , Galassi N , Bezrodnik L , Finiasz M R , Fink S 
Published: January 2013

Summary
In Argentina, more than 3 million people suffer from asthma, with numbers rising. When asthma patients acquire viral infections which, in turn, trigger the asthmatic response, they may develop subsequent bacterial infections, mainly by Streptococcus (S.) pneumoniae. This encapsulated Gram+ bacterium has been considered historically a T cell-independent antigen. Nevertheless, several papers describe the role of T cells in the immune response to S. pneumoniae. We evaluated the response to S. pneumoniae and compared it to the response to Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis, a different type of bacterium that requires a T helper type 1 (Th1) response, in cells from atopic asthmatic children, to compare parameters for the same individual under exacerbation and in a stable situation whenever possible. We studied asthma patients and a control group of age-matched children, evaluating cell populations, activation markers and cytokine production by flow cytometry, and cytokine concentration in serum and cell culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No differences were observed in γδ T cells for the same patient in either situation, and a tendency to lower percentages of CD4+CD25hi T cells was observed under stability.
A significantly lower production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and a significantly higher production of interleukin (IL)-5 was observed in asthma patients compared to healthy individuals, but no differences could be observed for IL-4, IL-13 or IL-10. A greater early activation response against M. tuberculosis, compared to S. pneumoniae, was observed in the asthmatic patients' cells. This may contribute to explaining why these patients frequently acquire infections caused by the latter bacterium and not the former.
Inference and Explanation in Counterfactual Reasoning
Authors: Rips Lance J. , Edwards Brian J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article reports results from two studies of how people answer counterfactual questions about simple machines. Participants learned about devices that have a specific configuration of components, and they answered questions of the form “If component X had not operated [failed], would component Y have operated?” The data from these studies indicate that participants were sensitive to the way in which the antecedent state is described—whether component X “had not operated” or “had failed.” Answers also depended on whether the device is deterministic or probabilistic—whether X's causal parents “always” or only “usually” cause X to operate. Participants' explanations of their answers often invoked non‐operation of causally prior components or unreliability of prior connections. They less often mentioned independence from these causal elements.
The Probabilities of Conditionals Revisited
Authors: Douven Igor , Verbrugge Sara 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAccording to what is now commonly referred to as “the Equation” in the literature on indicative conditionals, the probability of any indicative conditional equals the probability of its consequent of the conditional given the antecedent of the conditional. Philosophers widely agree in their assessment that the triviality arguments of Lewis and others have conclusively shown the Equation to be tenable only at the expense of the view that indicative conditionals express propositions. This study challenges the correctness of that assessment by presenting data that cast doubt on an assumption underlying all triviality arguments.
Systematic Conservation Planning: A Better Recipe for Managing the High Seas for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use
Authors: Ban Natalie C. , Bax Nicholas J. , Gjerde Kristina M. , Devillers Rodolphe , Dunn Daniel C. , Dunstan Piers K. , Hobday Alistair J. , Maxwell Sara M. , Kaplan David M. , Pressey Robert L. , Ardron Jeff A. , Game Edward T. , Halpin Patrick N. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAt the UN Conference on Sustainable Development in Rio in June 2012, world leaders committed to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (the high seas). Our analysis of gaps in high seas management indicates that a paradigm shift to a more systematic approach will be needed to safeguard high seas biodiversity from mounting threats. Experience from terrestrial and coastal areas indicates that a systematic approach to conservation planning and management can help to maintain ecosystem health and productivity while enabling sustainable use. Our analysis further demonstrates that the current legal regime on the high seas is insufficient to realize these objectives: management institutions have neither an adequate mandate for integrated planning nor the ability to effectively coordinate across multiple management regimes. We identify key elements for future high seas management and posit that a two‐pronged approach is most promising: the development of an improved global legal regime that incorporates systematic planning as well as the expansion of existing and new regional agreements and mandates. This combined approach is most likely to achieve the required ecosystem‐based, integrated and science‐based management that world leaders at Rio acknowledged should underpin ocean management.
Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin
Authors: Kapitza C. , Forst T. , Coester H.‐V. , Poitiers F. , Ruus P. , Hincelin‐Méry A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAimAssess the pharmacodynamics of lixisenatide once daily (QD) versus liraglutide QD in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin.MethodsIn this 28‐day, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, multicentre study (NCT01175473), patients (mean HbA1c 7.3%) received subcutaneous lixisenatide QD (10 µg weeks 1–2, then 20 µg; n = 77) or liraglutide QD (0.6 mg week 1, 1.2 mg week 2, then 1.8 mg; n = 71) 30 min before breakfast. Primary endpoint was change in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) exposure from baseline to day 28 during a breakfast test meal.ResultsLixisenatide reduced PPG significantly more than liraglutide [mean change in AUC0:30–4:30h: −12.6 vs. −4.0 h·mmol/L, respectively; p < 0.0001 (0:30 h = start of meal)]. Change in maximum PPG excursion was −3.9 mmol/l vs. −1.4 mmol/l, respectively (p < 0.0001). More lixisenatide‐treated patients achieved 2‐h PPG <7.8 mmol/l (69% vs. 29%). Changes in fasting plasma glucose were greater with liraglutide (−0.3 vs. −1.3 mmol/l, p < 0.0001). Lixisenatide provided greater decreases in postprandial glucagon (p < 0.05), insulin (p < 0.0001) and C‐peptide (p < 0.0001). Mean HbA1c decreased in both treatment groups (from 7.2% to 6.9% with lixisenatide vs. 7.4% to 6.9% with liraglutide) as did body weight (−1.6 kg vs. −2.4 kg, respectively). Overall incidence of adverse events was lower with lixisenatide (55%) versus liraglutide (65%), with no serious events or hypoglycaemia reported.ConclusionsOnce daily prebreakfast lixisenatide provided a significantly greater reduction in PPG (AUC) during a morning test meal versus prebreakfast liraglutide. Lixisenatide provided significant decreases in postprandial insulin, C‐peptide (vs. an increase with liraglutide) and glucagon, and better gastrointestinal tolerability than liraglutide.
Fueling Capitalism: Oil, the Regulation Approach, and the Ecology of Capital
Authors: Huber Matt 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite a deepening set of socioecological contradictions, it is remarkable that oil's centrality to capitalism persists. In economic geography, the regulation approach has been useful in explaining the persistence of capitalism despite its contradictory tendencies, and scholars have recently applied the regulation approach to the geography of natural resources and environmental governance. In this article, I argue that environmental regulation theory is ill equipped to explain the persistence of petro‐capitalism in the United States. This literature has been constructed largely through a critique of regulation theory on two grounds: ignoring the ecological dimension and relying on periodization. Conversely, I aim to show that petro‐capitalism can be usefully analyzed through the very classical regulationist lens that environmental appropriations jettison. First, rather than positing nature as an unexamined “extra‐economic” dimension, the case of oil reveals how ecology can be integrated into a foundational concept of the regulation approach—the wage relation. Specifically, the Fordist wage relation of mass production for mass consumption was dependent on the construction of a specific kind of “high energy economy.” Massive productivity gains in the labor process, powered by electricity, created larger pressures for an equally energy‐intensive geography of consumption. In this respect, oil played a decisive role in the extension of the spaces between home and work through the partial generalization of automobility and single‐family home ownership. Second, I attempt to recuperate the method of “periodization” by explaining how a set of institutional supports served to regularize the provision of oil through the domestic oil market from 1935 through 1972. I end with a discussion of the “institutional exhaustion” of a specifically national form of petro‐Fordism during the 1970s.
Stability of organic matter in soils of the Belgian Loess Belt upon erosion and deposition
Authors: Wang X. , Cammeraat L. H. , Wang Z. , Zhou J. , Govers G. , Kalbitz K. 
Published: January 2013

SummarySoil erosion has significant impacts on terrestrial carbon (C) dynamics. It removes C‐rich topsoil and deposits it in lower areas, which might result in its stabilization against microbial decay. Subsequently, C‐poor deeper horizons will be exposed, which also affects C stabilization. We analysed factors governing soil organic C (SOC) mineralization in topsoil (5–10 cm) and subsoil (75–100 and 160–200 cm) horizons from two contrasting sites (up‐slope compared with down‐slope) in the Belgian Loess Belt; we refer to these as eroding and depositional sites, respectively. Deposition of eroded soil material resulted in significantly increased SOC contents throughout the entire soil profile (2 m) and microbial biomass C in the topsoil. In a 28‐day incubation experiment we studied effects of O2 concentrations (0, 5 and 20%) and substrate (glucose) availability on C mineralization, soil microbial biomass and CaCl2‐extractable C. Carbon enrichment at the depositional site was accompanied by weak mineralization rates and small contents of water‐extractable organic C. Addition of glucose stimulated microbial growth and enhanced respiration, particularly in the subsoil of the depositional site. Availability of O2 showed the expected positive relationship with C mineralization in topsoils only. However, small O2 concentrations did not decrease C mineralization in subsoils, indicating that controls on C dynamics were different in top‐ and subsoils. We conclude that reduced C mineralization contributed to C accumulation as observed at depositional sites, probably because of poor availability of C in subsoil horizons. Limited availability of O2 in subsoils can be excluded as an important control of soil C accumulation. We hypothesize that the composition of the microbial community after burial of the organic‐rich material might play a decisive role.
R164C mutation in FOXQ1 H3 domain affects formation of the hair medulla
Authors: Wu Baojin , Herbert Pratt C. , Potter Christopher S. , Silva Kathleen A. , Kennedy Vicki , Sundberg John P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA number of single gene mutations in laboratory mice produce hair follicle defects resulting in deformed hair shafts. The radiation‐induced (SB/LeJ‐Foxq1sa) satin mutant mice have a satin‐like sheen to their hair and dilute colouration. This sheen is due to failure of the hair shafts to develop normal medullas, while the pigment dilution is due to the unrelated beige (lysosomal trafficking regulator, Lystbg) mutation. A new allelic mutation, Foxq1sa‐J, arose spontaneously on the albino (tyrosinase, Tyrc) MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr background. The Foxq1sa‐J allele has a C to T transition at position 490. By contrast, the Foxq1sa mutant allele was confirmed to be a 67 base pair deletion followed by two base changes (GA to AT). Morphologic changes were similar to those seen in Hoxc13 transgenic and targeted mutant mice. This new allelic mutation provides yet another tool to investigate formation of the interior structures of hair shafts.
Heavy metal‐associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP): characterization of a family of proteins exclusive to plants
Authors: de Abreu‐Neto João Braga , Turchetto‐Zolet Andreia C. , de Oliveira Luiz Felipe Valter , Bodanese Zanettini Maria Helena , Margis‐Pinheiro Marcia 
Published: January 2013

Metallochaperones are key proteins for the safe transport of metallic ions inside the cell. HIPPs (heavy metal‐associated isoprenylated plant proteins) are metallochaperones that contain a metal binding domain (HMA) and a C–terminal isoprenylation motif. In this study, we provide evidence that proteins of this family are found only in vascular plants and may be separated into five distinct clusters. HIPPs may be involved in (a) heavy metal homeostasis and detoxification mechanisms, especially those involved in cadmium tolerance, (b) transcriptional responses to cold and drought, and (c) plant–pathogen interactions. In particular, our results show that the rice (Oryza sativa) HIPP OsHIPP41 gene is highly expressed in response to cold and drought stresses, and its product is localized in the cytosol and the nucleus. The results suggest that HIPPs play an important role in the development of vascular plants and in plant responses to environmental changes.