bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal Characterization of Indo-Pacific Ocean Subsurface Temperature Modes in SODA Reanalysis
Authors: Vargas-Hernández J. Mauro , Wijffels Susan E. , Meyers Gary , Belo do Couto André , Holbrook Neil J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Studies of decadal-to-multidecadal ocean subsurface temperature variability are fundamental to improving the understanding of low-frequency climate signals. The present study uses the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) version 2.2.4 product for the period 1950–2007 to identify decadal modes of variability that characterize the upper Indo-Pacific Ocean temperature structure (5–466-m depth). An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the 10-yr low-pass filtered temperature field applied across four depths shows that the dominant mode is characterized by a long-term temperature trend, with warming at the surface and cooling at the thermocline depth connecting the tropical western Pacific with the southern Indian Ocean via the Indonesian Seas. EOF analysis of the detrended 10-yr filtered temperature data and correlation analyses of the EOF time series with established large-scale climate indices identified the interdecadal Pacific oscillation as EOF1, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation as EOF2, and the decadal component of El Niño Modoki as EOF3 (respectively, modes 2, 3, and 4 of the nondetrended data). EOF2 identifies the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation when the analysis is applied to sea surface temperature anomalies only, suggesting that the surface is forced dominantly by fluxes associated with global-scale weather patterns, while the subsurface is dominantly forced by internal dynamics of the Pacific Ocean. This paper demonstrates that the decadal-to-interdecadal temperature variability in SODA has a pronounced vertical extension through the upper ocean. The upper thermocline accounts for most of the variance in the analysis. These results reinforce the importance of examining the subsurface ocean in climate dynamics studies that seek to understand the ocean’s role.
Detection of the Presence of Tornadoes at the Center of Mesocyclones Using Simulated Doppler Velocity Measurements
Authors: Brown Rodger A. , Wood Vincent T. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Simulations were conducted to investigate the detection of the Doppler velocity tornado signature (TS) and tornadic vortex signature (TVS) when a tornado is located at the center of the parent mesocyclone. Whether the signature is a TS or TVS depends on whether the tornado’s core diameter is greater than or less than the radar’s effective beamwidth, respectively. The investigation included three radar effective beamwidths, two mesocyclones, and six different-sized tornadoes, each of which had 10 different maximum tangential velocities assigned to it to represent a variety of strengths. The concentric tornadoes and mesocyclones were positioned 10–150 km from the radar. The results indicate that 1) azimuthal shear at the center of the mesocyclone increases as the associated tornado gains strength before a TS or TVS appears, 2) smaller tornadoes need to be much stronger than larger tornadoes at a given range for a signature to appear within the mesocyclone, and 3) when the tornado diameter is wider than about one-quarter of the mesocyclone diameter, the TS or TVS associated with a given mesocyclone appears when the tornado has attained about the same strength regardless of range.
Fosaprepitant for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving BEAM or high-dose melphalan before autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Clark Stephen Michael , Clemmons Amber B , Schaack Lindsay , Garren Jeonifer , DeRemer David L , Kota Vamsi K 
Published: May 2015

Purpose To assess the impact of single-dose fosaprepitant on nausea and emesis after BEAM and high-dose melphalan conditioning regimens for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Methods In a single-center cohort study patients receiving melphalan containing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation regimens who received a one-time dose of 150 mg IV fosaprepitant (n = 56) were compared to a historical control (n = 70). Results The primary endpoint of no emesis from melphalan administration through five days afterward was 80% for the fosaprepitant group versus 66% in the control group ( p = 0.068). Addition of fosaprepitant demonstrated significant improvement in emetic episodes per patient during the entire assessment period ( p = 0.011) and days 1–5 after melphalan ( p = 0.045). Fosaprepitant resulted in no substantial nausea during the entire assessment period in 37% of high-dose melphalan patients and 57% of BEAM patients. Conclusions Further studies are suggested to investigate the optimal number and timing of doses of fosaprepitant in this setting.
Development of a combination antibiogram for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in an oncology population
Authors: Smith Zachary R , Tajchman Sharla K , Dee Brian M , Bruno Jeffrey J , Qiao Wei , Tverdek Frank P 
Published: May 2015

Purpose Development of a combination antibiogram to identify combinations of antibiotics that have the highest likelihood of attaining one active agent in the empiric management of presumed Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Methods Patients with cancer and P. aeruginosa bacteremia from January 1 to December 31, 2012 were included in this analysis. The primary outcome was identification of effective combinations of beta-lactam and non-betalactam agents. An effective combination was defined as one which achieved in-vitro activity to greater than or equal to 85% of isolates collected. Furthermore, the addition of the non-beta-lactam agent was required to increase the in-vitro activity by at least 5% over beta-lactam monotherapy. Multiple secondary outcomes were evaluated. Results One hundred and twenty-three P. aeruginosa isolates were included from 99 patients. Single agent beta-lactam sensitivities ranged from 72.4 to 79.7%. Combination regimen sensitivities ranged from 73.5 to 96.7%. All combination regimens that included a beta-lactam plus an aminoglycoside were found to be effective per the study definition. Independent risk factors for MDR P. aeruginosa were receipt of intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 90 days and hospital length of stay (LOS) greater than or equal to five days. Increasing the number of antibiotics received was associated with a decrease in survival to hospital discharge. Conclusions Effective combination regimens included all beta-lactam aminoglycoside regimens. Receipt of IV antibiotics within 90 days and hospital LOS greater than or equal to five days were independent risk factors for MDR isolates.
Examining Trends in the Administration of “As Needed” Medications to Inpatients With Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Authors: Neumann Robert D. , Faris Peter , Klassen Richard 
Published: May 2015

Rationale: The use of “pro re nata” (PRN) medication in patients with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is common but may be a source of inappropriate medication administration. Objective: To identify trends in the administration of PRN medications to inpatients with BPSD. Methods: Retrospective chart audits were completed on inpatients with dementia who had PRN medications prescribed for aggression, agitation, or insomnia. Data collected included age, sex, time of day, day of week, medication used, and dementia diagnosis. Additionally, data regarding administration of ranged doses and concurrent use with regularly prescribed medications of the same class were collected. Results: A total of 170 inpatients with dementia were included. Over 50 346 bed days, 4000 PRNs were administered. Individuals were more likely to receive a PRN if they were younger, shortly after shift change, in the evening, or during the weekend. If a ranged dose is provided they are more likely to receive the higher dose. If they are receiving regularly scheduled medication from the same class, there is risk of double dosing.
Endovascular Versus Surgical Revascularization for the Management of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Saedon Mahmud , Saratzis Athanasios , Karim Ahmed , Goodyear Steve 
Published: May 2015

Background: Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) can be treated with surgical revascularization (SR) or endovascular revascularization (ER). Materials and Methods: Systematic review of 12 studies comparing ER and SR in CMI. Primary end point was perioperative (30 days) survival. A secondary composite end point consisted of perioperative mortality, nonfatal cardiac events, nonfatal stroke, and nonfatal bowel ischemia. Further end points included late survival, primary patency, and symptom improvement. Results: The cumulative odds ratio (OR) for perioperative mortality was 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40-1.50, P = .45) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.28-1.11, P = .10) for the composite end point. The cumulative OR for survival after the 30th day was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.47-1.46), P = .51. Late primary patency was reported in 8 studies, with a cumulative OR of 3.57 (95% CI: 1.83-6.97, P = .0002)—favoring SR. Conclusion: In the first meta-analysis to compare ER and SR in CMI, there were no differences in mortality and morbidity. Patency rates were better following SR.
“It is not guaranteed that you will benefit”: True but misleading?
Authors: Kim Scott YH , Wilson Renee , De Vries Raymond , Kim H Myra , Holloway Robert G , Kieburtz Karl 
Published: May 2015

Background: Participants of early-phase intervention trials for serious conditions provide high estimates of likelihood of benefit, even when informed consent forms do not promise such benefits. However, some technically correct, negatively stated benefits statements—such as “it is not guaranteed that you will benefit”—could play a role in raising expectations of benefit because in ordinary English usage such statements denote a likely but not a certain-to-occur event. Methods: An experimental online survey of 584 English-speaking adults recruited online. They were randomized to receive one of two benefit statements (“not guaranteed” vs “some but very small chance”), using a hypothetical scenario of an early-phase clinical trial testing an intervention to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We assessed respondents’ willingness to consider participating in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis trial, their estimates of likelihood of benefit, and their explanations for those estimates. Results: The two arms did not differ in willingness to consider participation in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis trial. Those receiving “not guaranteed” benefit statement had higher estimates of benefit than those receiving “some but very small chance” statement (35.7% (standard deviation 20.2) vs 28.3% (standard deviation 22.0), p < 0.0001). A total of 43% of all respondents chose expressions of positive sentiment (hope and need to stay positive) as explanations of their estimates; these respondents’ estimates of benefit were higher than others but similar between the two arms. The effect of benefit statements was greatest among those who chose “Those are just the facts” as the explanation for their estimate (31.0% (standard deviation 22.4%) in “not guaranteed” arm vs 18.9% (standard deviation 21.0%) in comparison arm, p = 0.008). Conclusion: The use of “not guaranteed” language in benefit statements, when compared to “small but very small chance” language, appeared to increase the perception of likelihood of benefit of entering an early-phase trial, especially among those who view their estimates of benefits as “facts.” Such “no guarantee” benefit statements may be misleading and should not be used in informed consent forms.
Assessment of Foot Self-Care in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Navarro-Flores Emmanuel , Gijón-Noguerón Gabriel , Cervera-Marín José Antonio , Labajos-Manzanares María Teresa 
Published: May 2015

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to assess the current status of the relationship between foot self-care and self-examination and the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Methodology. A systematic review of articles. We extracted assessments of health habits with regard to educational and training interventions intended for diabetic foot health care. We included clinical trials, meta-analysis, and Cochrane Reviews from 2008 to December 2014. Results. We included 34 articles in this review. The initial number of articles selected was 35, including 12 from PubMed, 12 from Webs of Knowledge, and 4 Cochrane reviews that were considered valid as they complied with the requirements set: they related to interventions reducing foot complications caused by diabetes. Conclusion. Strategies aimed at behavioral changes are effective for the metabolic control of the disease and for the reduction of amputations. However, given the current methodology deficit existing in most studies with regard to sample selection and length of the study, it is necessary to validate a reliable tool or measurement to indicate the status of healthy behavior development and to sustain such measures over time. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Systematic review of level I-III studies
Pictorial Review and Basic Principles of Foot and Ankle Hardware Extraction
Authors: Wagoner Matthew R. , Creech Corine L. , Nolan Christine K. , Meyr Andrew J. 
Published: May 2015

This pictorial review presents basic principles of the types of hardware extraction commonly encountered in foot and ankle surgical practice. We review the indications, contraindications and complications of hardware removal including pain, intra-articular fixation, and carcinogenesis, as well as special considerations in pediatric patients and in the setting of infection. Figures are then used to describe the appropriate techniques for use of the screwdriver shafts, conical extraction screws, extraction bolts, hollow reamers, and other instruments found in most hardware extraction sets. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Expert opinion
In Vivo Talocrural Joint Contact Mechanics With Functional Ankle Instability
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Suzuki Eiichi , Yamazaki Naohito , Suzukawa Makoto , Akaike Atsushi , Shimizu Kuniaki , Gamada Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2015

Background. Functional ankle instability (FAI) may involve abnormal kinematics and contact mechanics during ankle internal rotation. Understanding of these abnormalities is important to prevent secondary problems in patients with FAI. However, there are no in vivo studies that have investigated talocrural joint contact mechanics during weightbearing ankle internal rotation. The objective of this study to determine talocrural contact mechanics during weightbearing ankle internal rotation in patients with FAI. Methods. Twelve male subjects with unilateral FAI (age range, 18-26 years) were enrolled. Computed tomography and fluoroscopic imaging of both lower extremities were obtained during weightbearing passive ankle joint complex rotation. Three-dimensional bone models created from the computed tomographic images were matched to the fluoroscopic images to compute 6 degrees of freedom for talocrural joint kinematics. The closest contact area in the talocrural joint in ankle neutral rotation and maximum internal rotation during either dorsiflexion or plantar flexion was determined using geometric bone models and talocrural joint kinematics data. Results. The closest contact area in the talus shifted anteromedially during ankle dorsiflexion–internal rotation, whereas it shifted posteromedially during ankle plantar flexion–internal rotation. The closest contact area in FAI joints was significantly more medial than that in healthy joints during maximum ankle internal rotation and was associated with excessive talocrural internal rotation or inversion. Discussion. This study demonstrated abnormal talocrural kinematics and contact mechanics in FAI subjects. Such abnormal kinematics may contribute to abnormal contact mechanics and may increase cartilage stress in FAI joints. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: cross-sectional case-control study
Brain MR diffusion tensor imaging in Kennedy’s disease
Authors: Garaci Francesco , Toschi Nicola , Lanzafame Simona , Marfia Girolama A , Marziali Simone , Meschini Alessandro , Di Giuliano Francesca , Simonetti Giovanni , Guerrisi Maria , Massa Roberto , Floris Roberto 
Published: May 2015

Introduction Kennedy’s disease (KD) is a progressive degenerative disorder affecting lower motor neurons. We investigated the correlation between disease severity and whole brain white matter microstructure, including upper motor neuron tracts, by using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) in eight patients with KD in whom disease severity was evaluated using the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS). Methods From DTI acquisitions we obtained maps of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (L1) and radial diffusivities (L2, L3). We then employed tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) to investigate within-patient correlations of DTI invariants with ALSFRS and disease duration (DD). Results We found a significant correlation between low ALSFRS and 1) low FA values in association commissural and projection fibers, and 2) high L3 values in commissural tracts and fronto-parietal white matter. Additionally, we found a significant association between longer DD and 1) low FA in the genu and body of corpus callosum, association fibers and midbrain and 2) high L1 in projection and association tracts. Conclusions The associations between clinical variables and white matter microstructural changes in areas thought to be spared by the disease process support the hypothesis of a multisystem involvement in the complex pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the clinical disability of these patients.
Diffusion characteristics of pediatric pineal tumors
Authors: Choudhri Asim F , Whitehead Matthew T , Siddiqui Adeel , Klimo Paul , Boop Frederick A 
Published: May 2015

Background Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been shown to be helpful in characterizing tumor cellularity, and predicting histology. Several works have evaluated this technique for pineal tumors; however studies to date have not focused on pediatric pineal tumors. Objective We evaluated the diffusion characteristics of pediatric pineal tumors to confirm if patterns seen in studies using mixed pediatric and adult populations remain valid. Materials and methods This retrospective study was performed after Institutional Review Board approval. We retrospectively evaluated all patients 18 years of age and younger with pineal tumors from a single institution where preoperative diffusion weighted imaging as well as histologic characterization was available. Results Twenty patients (13 male, 7 female) with pineal tumors were identified: seven with pineoblastoma, four with Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET), two with other pineal tumors, and seven with germ cell tumors including two germinomas, three teratomas, and one mixed germinoma-teratoma. The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in pineoblastoma (544 ± 65 × 10–6 mm2/s) and pineoblastoma/PNET (595 ± 144 × 10–6 mm2/s) was lower than that of the germ cell tumors (1284 ± 334 × 10–6 mm2/s; p < 0.0001 vs pineoblastoma). One highly cellular germinoma had an ADC value of 694 × 10–6 mm2/s. Conclusion ADC values can aid in differentiation of pineoblastoma/PNET from germ cell tumors in a population of children with pineal masses.
Regulation of actin polymerization by tropomodulin-3 controls megakaryocyte actin organization and platelet biogenesis
Authors: Sui Zhenhua , Nowak Roberta B. , Sanada Chad , Halene Stephanie , Krause Diane S. , Fowler Velia M. 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
Tmod3-null embryos have macrothrombocytopenia due to impaired MK cytoplasmic morphogenesis with defective proplatelet formation. F-actin polymerization and organization are disrupted in Tmod3-null MKs and in their proplatelet buds.
How I treat T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults
Authors: Litzow Mark R. , Ferrando Adolfo A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
T-cell immunophenotype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an uncommon aggressive leukemia that can present with leukemic and/or lymphomatous manifestations. Molecular studies are enhancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of T-ALL, and the discovery of activating mutations of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 in a majority of patients has been a seminal observation. The use of pediatric intensive combination chemotherapy regimens in adolescents and young adults has significantly improved the outcome of patients with T-ALL. The use of nelarabine for relapsed and refractory T-ALL results in responses in a substantial minority of patients. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) still plays a key role in patients with high-risk or relapsed/refractory disease. γ-Secretase inhibitors hold promise for the treatment of patients with NOTCH1 mutations, and the results of clinical trials with these agents are eagerly awaited. It is recommended that younger patients receive a pediatric-intensive regimen. Older and unfit patients can receive suitable multiagent chemotherapy and be allocated to HCT based on their response, risk factors, and comorbidities. Although advances in the treatment of T-ALL have lagged behind those of B-cell ALL, it is hoped that the molecular revolution will enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of this aggressive lymphoid malignancy.
Central nervous system relapse in peripheral T-cell lymphomas: a Swedish Lymphoma Registry study
Authors: Ellin Fredrik , Landström Jenny , Jerkeman Mats , Relander Thomas 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
CNS involvement at relapse/progression in PTCL occurred at a frequency similar to what is seen in aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Outcome after relapse is generally very poor in patients with PTCL and is not significantly altered by presence of CNS involvement at relapse.
Allogeneic cell transplant expands bone marrow distribution by colonizing previously abandoned areas: an FDG PET/CT analysis
Authors: Fiz Francesco , Marini Cecilia , Campi Cristina , Massone Anna Maria , Podestà Marina , Bottoni Gianluca , Piva Roberta , Bongioanni Francesca , Bacigalupo Andrea , Piana Michele , Sambuceti Gianmario , Frassoni Francesco 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells colonize, other than axial niches, appendicular BM that is abandoned in normal subjects. Bone marrow expansion into distal sites differs between cord blood and adult hematopoietic stem cells.
Distributed video coding supporting hierarchical GOP structures with transmitted motion vectors
Authors: Min Kyung-Yeon , Lim Woong , Nam Junghak , Sim Donggyu , Bajić Ivan V 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new distributed video coding (DVC) method, with hierarchical group of picture (GOP) structure. Coding gain of DVC can be significantly improved by enlarging GOP size for slow-moving frames. The proposed DVC decoder estimates a side information (SI) frame and transmits motion vectors (MVs) of the SI to the proposed encoder. Using the received MVs from the decoder, the proposed encoder can generate a predicted SI (PSI), which is the same as the SI in the decoder, and estimate the quality of PSI with minimal computational complexity. The proposed method decides the best coding mode among key, Wyner-Ziv (WZ), and skip modes, by estimating rate-distortion costs. Based on the selected best coding mode, the best GOP size can be automatically determined. As the GOP size is adaptively decided depending on the SI quality, entropy and parity bits can be effectively consumed. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is around 0.80 dB better in Bjøntegaard delta (BD) bitrate than an existing conventional DVC system.