bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractures of the proximal femur and hip osteoarthrosis – coincidence or coherence?
Authors: Latz David , Schiffner Erik , Koukos Christos , Hilsmann Falk , Windolf Joachim , Schneppendahl Johannes 
Published: August 2024

Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between the grade of radiographic hip osteoarthritis (OA) and the fracture pattern observed in fragility fractures of the proximal femur. The information may help in cases of occult hip fractures. Methods: In this retrospective study all 448 patients treated with fragility fractures of the proximal femur in the years 2014–2018 were included. Patients were allocated into two groups: Group I) intracapsular (femoral neck) fractures and Group II) extracapsular (pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric) femoral fractures. The radiographic grade of OA was determined according to Kellgren and Lawrence’s classification. One single observer examined all radiographs. Results: Patients’ age ranged between 52 and 104 years with a mean of 80.0 years. There was a significant difference in mean age between the two groups (76.9 years intracapsular vs. 83.1 years extracapsular fractures). A total of 250 (55.8%) fractures were intracapsular (femoral neck) and 198 (44.2%) were located extracapsular (pertrochanteric, subtrochanteric). A significant correlation between the degree of OA to fracture pattern was observed: Higher degrees of OA were related to extracapsular fractures and lower degrees of OA to intracapsular fractures. Conclusion: The results of this study support the hypothesis that hip osteoarthritis affects the fracture pattern in proximal femur fractures. More severe hip OA is associated with extracapsular fractures that can be treated surgically with lower complication rates compared to intracapsular fractures.
A 100 GW, 100 ps solid-state pulsed power system based on semiconductor opening switch generator and magnetic compression lines
Authors: Patrakov V. E. , Pedos M. S. , Ponomarev A. V. , Rukin S. N. , Timoshenkov S. P. 
Published: August 2024

Based on the SOS + MCL approach (SOS—generator with output Semiconductor Opening Switch; MCL—Magnetic Compression Line), a high-power solid-state picosecond system has been developed. The SOS generator forms an initial pulse with a power of 8.5 GW (0.65 MV at a load of 50 Ω) and a duration of 7 ns, which is fed to the input of a magnetic compressor containing 4 lines MCL1–MCL4 connected in series. Structurally, each MCL is a coaxial line and contains ferrite rings placed on its inner conductor and magnetized by an external longitudinal magnetic field. The lines are filled with transformer oil at excess pressure. Each line compresses the pulse in time and increases its peak power. At the output of the last line, MCL4, the peak power increases to 100 GW (2.2 MV at 48 Ω load), and its duration decreases to 100 ps. Record high values of rise rates for voltage, current, and power have been achieved. At a 48 Ω load, the voltage rise rate reaches 27 MV/ns, and the power rise rate reaches 2 TW/ns. In a line with an impedance of 7 Ω, a current pulse with an amplitude of 100 kA and a rise rate of 1.18 MA/ns was obtained. It has been established that the duration of the pulse (full width at half maximum) generated in MCLs corresponds to the double transit time of an electromagnetic wave between the electrodes of the line in the transverse direction. Numerical models have been developed to study the operation of MCLs. Using the models, the internal structure of the process of power amplification in the line was studied, and an assessment was made on the influence of the processes of gyromagnetic precession on the operation of the lines.
Constructing resistance in the quest for social justice
Authors: Wijeyewardene Ingrid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study adopts the concept of “positive peace” and draws on critical discourse studies to investigate the texts
of two Thai activists responding to the 2006 coup d’état and subsequent events in Thailand. The study analyses
the texts from a systemic functional linguistic (SFL) perspective to show how the first text challenges the legitimacy of the
coup, and how the second text reflects a widening of the cracks then appearing in Thai royalist hegemony. In particular, the study
compares the construal of one social actor in the first text published in 2007 with that in the speech of the second activist
three years later, highlighting how the meaning of a key word evolved from one of oppression to one of pride.
Quantum correlation swapping between Bell-diagonal states
Authors: Xie Chuanmei , Tian Senbo , Xie Zekai , Yu Jinhua , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum correlation (QC) swapping is a generalization of quantum entanglement swapping, in which the concerned QCs can be quantum entanglement, QC beyond quantum entanglement, or both of them. In general, QC swapping is different from quantum entanglement swapping. Obviously, the study range of the former is beyond than the latter, and the former can give more interesting and significant applications in quantum information processings. So far, QC swapping has been studied explicitly only for a rather limited set of two-qubit quantum states as the initial states and cases for more general QC swapping with multi-parameter initial states are not known. In this article, we explore the QC swapping case with three-parameter Bell-diagonal (BD) states as the initial states. The familiar QC measure, quantum discord (Ollivier and Zurek 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett.
88 017901), is utilized to quantify all the QCs in the concerned states. It is found that a long-distance shared QC can be acquired through the BD-initial states case of QC swapping. Moreover, some distinct features and characteristics can be exposed.
Restoration of entanglement transfer by environment-assisted measurement and quantum measurement reversal in two parallel Heisenberg spin chains
Authors: Leng Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The effect of environment-assisted measurement and quantum measurement reversal on the entanglement transfer in two parallel Heisenberg spin chains is investigated. We derive the exact analytical expression of the optimal final restoration, show that the distribution entanglement could be restored to the initial value, which is independent of the size of the spin chain. Comparing with the results obtained by the method of weak measurement, our results show notable superiorities on restoration scope and success probability.
Comparative study of boron and neon injections on divertor heat fluxes using SOLPS-ITER simulations
Authors: Peng 彭 Lei 磊 , Sun 孙 Zhen 震 , Sun 孙 Ji-Zhong 继忠 , Maingi Rajesh , Gao 高 Fang 放 , Bonnin Xavier , Chang 常 Hua-Yi 华溢 , Wang 汪 Wei-Kang 炜康 , Liu 刘 Jin-Yuan 金远 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on the EAST equilibrium, the effects of boron (B) and neon (Ne) injected at different locations on the target heat load, and the distributions of B and Ne particles were investigated by transport code SOLPS-ITER. It was found that the B injection was more sensitive to the injection location for heat flux control than impurity Ne. The high electron and ion densities near the inner target in the discharge with impurity B injected from over X-point (R
1) led to plasma detachment only at the inner target, and the localized B ions in the cases with injection from outer target location (R
2) and upstream location (R
3) led to far-SOL detachment at the outer target, but not at the inner target. In contrast, for Ne, the spatial distributions of Ne ions and electrons were found to be similar in all the cases at the three injection locations, and the detached plasma was achieved at the inner target and the electron temperature was reduced at the outer target. For locations R
2 and R
3, impurity B showed a more pronounced effect on the heat flux at the far-SOL of the outer target. Further analysis indicated that Ne atoms came mainly from the recycling sources, whereas B atoms came mainly from injection, and that their distinct atomic distributions resulted from the difference in the ionization threshold and ionization mean free path. In addition, the radiation proportion of B in the divertor region was larger than that of Ne when the total radiation power was similar, which suggests that B has less influence on the core region.
Unveiling hidden connections in omics data via pyPARAGON: an integrative hybrid approach for disease network construction
Authors: Arici Muslum Kaan , Tuncbag Nurcan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Network inference or reconstruction algorithms play an integral role in successfully analyzing and identifying causal relationships between omics hits for detecting dysregulated and altered signaling components in various contexts, encompassing disease states and drug perturbations. However, accurate representation of signaling networks and identification of context-specific interactions within sparse omics datasets in complex interactomes pose significant challenges in integrative approaches. To address these challenges, we present pyPARAGON (PAgeRAnk-flux on Graphlet-guided network for multi-Omic data integratioN), a novel tool that combines network propagation with graphlets. pyPARAGON enhances accuracy and minimizes the inclusion of nonspecific interactions in signaling networks by utilizing network rather than relying on pairwise connections among proteins. Through comprehensive evaluations on benchmark signaling pathways, we demonstrate that pyPARAGON outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in node propagation and edge inference. Furthermore, pyPARAGON exhibits promising performance in discovering cancer driver networks. Notably, we demonstrate its utility in network-based stratification of patient tumors by integrating phosphoproteomic data from 105 breast cancer tumors with the interactome and demonstrating tumor-specific signaling pathways. Overall, pyPARAGON is a novel tool for analyzing and integrating multi-omic data in the context of signaling networks. pyPARAGON is available at https://github.com/netlab-ku/pyPARAGON.
DeepEnzyme: a robust deep learning model for improved enzyme turnover number prediction by utilizing features of protein 3D-structures
Authors: Wang Tong , Xiang Guangming , He Siwei , Su Liyun , Wang Yuguang , Yan Xuefeng , Lu Hongzhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Turnover numbers (kcat), which indicate an enzyme's catalytic efficiency, have a wide range of applications in fields including protein engineering and synthetic biology. Experimentally measuring the enzymes' kcat is always time-consuming. Recently, the prediction of kcat using deep learning models has mitigated this problem. However, the accuracy and robustness in kcat prediction still needs to be improved significantly, particularly when dealing with enzymes with low sequence similarity compared to those within the training dataset. Herein, we present DeepEnzyme, a cutting-edge deep learning model that combines the most recent Transformer and Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) to capture the information of both the sequence and 3D-structure of a protein. To improve the prediction accuracy, DeepEnzyme was trained by leveraging the integrated features from both sequences and 3D-structures. Consequently, DeepEnzyme exhibits remarkable robustness when processing enzymes with low sequence similarity compared to those in the training dataset by utilizing additional features from high-quality protein 3D-structures. DeepEnzyme also makes it possible to evaluate how point mutations affect the catalytic activity of the enzyme, which helps identify residue sites that are crucial for the catalytic function. In summary, DeepEnzyme represents a pioneering effort in predicting enzymes' kcat values with improved accuracy and robustness compared to previous algorithms. This advancement will significantly contribute to our comprehension of enzyme function and its evolutionary patterns across species.
CatReNet: interactive analysis of (auto-) catalytic reaction networks
Authors: Huson Daniel H , Xavier Joana C , Steel Mike A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Summary
Catalytic reaction networks serve as fundamental models for understanding biochemical systems. CatReNet is a novel software designed to facilitate interactive analysis of such networks. It offers fast and exact algorithms for computing various types of self-sustaining autocatalytic subnetworks, including so-called CAFs (constructively autocatalytic food-generated networks), RAFs (reflexively autocatalytic food-generated networks), and pseudo-RAFs. It provides dynamic visualizations to aid exploration and understanding.

Availability and implementation
This open-source Java application runs on Linux, MacOS, and Windows. It is available at https://github.com/husonlab/catrenet under a GPL3 license.
Ten-year outcomes of a randomized clinical trial of endothermal ablation versus conventional surgery for great saphenous varicose veins
Authors: Mohamed Abduraheem H , Howitt Annabel , Rae Shivani , Cai Paris L , Hitchman Louise , Wallace Tom , Nandhra Sandip , Pymer Sean , Knighton Alexander , Smith George , Chetter Ian C , Carradice Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical ligation and stripping (surgery) and endothermal ablation are both effective treatments for varicose veins, improving quality of life (QoL) up to 5 years. Few data are available on long-term outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes 10 years after interventions in an RCT. Previously this RCT demonstrated that endothermal ablation is associated with superior postprocedural QoL, more rapid recovery, and lower rates of early clinical recurrence. This analysis reports outcomes at 10 years.

Methods
Patients with symptomatic varicose veins owing to unilateral great saphenous vein reflux were randomized to either surgery or endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). Outcomes at 10 years included clinical recurrence and QoL.

Results
Data were obtained for 206 of 280 patients (73.6%) at 10 years. Both groups retained significant QoL improvement compared with pretreatment levels (Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), Short Form 36 (SF-36®), and EQ-5D™; P &lt; 0.001). Clinical disease progression from baseline was observed in only 10.7% of patients. The clinical recurrence rate was lower in the EVLA group (37 versus 59%; P = 0.005). The number needed to treat with EVLA to avoid one clinical recurrence within 10 years was five. This was associated with significantly higher (better) generic QoL scores with EVLA in several SF-36® domains, including bodily pain (median 84 (i.q.r. 51–100) versus 62 (41–84); P = 0.009) and general health (77 (62–87) versus 67 (52–82); P = 0.017). AVVQ scores in the EVLA group were also lower (better) (3.1 (0–7.7) versus 6.3 (0.7–13.3); P = 0.029).

Conclusion
Both surgery and endothermal ablation are effective treatments for varicose veins at 10 years, with durable improvement in QoL and a very low rate of disease progression. However, endothermal ablation was associated with superior clinical and QoL outcomes. Registration number: NCT00759434 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Cholesterol-end-modified–PEG vesicle: DDS carrier with long-term stability to encapsulate a drug model by facile preparation
Authors: Watanabe Shota , Asayama Shoichiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vesicles such as liposomes are widely used as drug delivery system (DDS) carriers. On the other hand, they are complicated to prepare and have stability issues. In this study, we synthesized an amphiphile, Chol-U-Et-mPEG500, containing cholesterol and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a hydrophobic and hydrophilic block, respectively. Chol-U-Et-mPEG500 spontaneously formed a vesicle with a uniform particle size of about 90 nm just by dissolving its compound in water. The vesicle encapsulated sulforhodamine B as a drug model only by mixing with its solution.
Tracing Homopolymers in Oikopleura dioica's Mitogenome
Authors: Dierckxsens Nicolas , Watanabe Kosei , Tan Yongkai , Masunaga Aki , Mansfield Michael J , Miao Jiashun , Luscombe Nicholas M , Plessy Charles 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Oikopleura dioica is a planktonic tunicate (Appendicularia class) found extensively across the marine waters of the globe. The genome of a single male individual collected from Okinawa, Japan was sequenced using the single-molecule PacBio Hi-Fi method and assembled with NOVOLoci. The mitogenome is 39,268 bp long, featuring a large control region of around 22,000 bp. We annotated the proteins atp6, cob, cox1, cox2, cox3, nad1, nad4, and nad5, and found one more open reading frame that did not match any known gene. This study marks the first complete mitogenome assembly for an appendicularian, and reveals that A and T homopolymers cumulatively account for nearly half of its length. This reference sequence will be an asset for environmental DNA and phylogenetic studies.
Coming back for more: individual participation patterns in the physical activity initiative parkrun in Australia
Authors: Grunseit Anne C , Huang Bo-Huei , Merom Dafna , Cranney Leonie , Bauman Adrian , Rogers Kris 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Most physical activity (PA) maintenance research has concerned adherence to small-scale interventions or infrequent observation in cohort studies. We analysed individual attendance trajectories and their drivers in a large-scale ‘real-world’ community-based weekly PA event (parkrun) cohort in Australia. Data were weekly attendance (walking/running) of 223 224 unique parkrun participants over their first 3 years of participation. An unweighted moving average of participation in the preceding 12 weeks from the 12th week since the first participation to the 156th week was calculated and submitted to a cluster analysis of attendance patterns. Association of individual- (demographic, personal parkrun performance) and site-level (aggregated site-level participant characteristics and area-level measures) covariates with cluster membership was estimated with multinomial logistic regression models. We identified four groups: Few-Timers (76.4%), Decliners (12.4%), Low Maintainers (6.9%) and High Maintainers (4.3%). In the first 12 weeks, attendances averaged 2, 6, 5 and 7.5 times for each cluster, respectively, and by 52 weeks, they were 0.17, 1.9, 3.4 and 7.6 times, respectively. Continuing participation (vs Few-Timers) was strongly associated with faster personal finish times, but slower performance at the site level. Higher running club/group membership at a participant’s parkrun predicted higher odds of being a High Maintainer. Our identification of a Low Maintainer group shows a community-based initiative may sustain interest, despite not requiring continuous or near-continuous attendance. Where someone is placed ‘in the pack’ locally and degree of identification with others in the group may be bidirectionally associated with attendance, underscoring the importance of considering social environment of PA maintenance.
An improved block-level approach for tunnel lining crack detection
Authors: Liu Jian , Niu Pei , Kou Lei , Chang Honglei , Guo Feng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tunnel lining cracks pose a great safety risk to safe operation. Due to severe illumination conditions and lining cracks, which are usually thinner with varied shapes compared to cracks generated in pavement, bridge, and other transportation infrastructure, the lining crack inspection at the block level is a challenging task. In this study, to address this issue, we propose a novel Swin Transformer-based network including Shape-IoU method to enhance the perception of the tunnel lining crack and the refinement of the crack. To validate the superiority and robustness of the proposed model, a total of six classic object detection models (i.e. Cascade Mask R-CNN, Cascade R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, feature selective anchor-free module, fully convolutional one-stage object detection, neural architecture search—fully convolutional one-stage object detection) are adopted for model training, validation, and testing with the customized inspection dataset, which includes 1,200 high resolution tunnel lining inspection images. With the training results and the visualization results, our proposed model has shown excellent performance across multiple metrics. Specifically, the enhanced Swin Transformer model achieves a remarkable 96.10 per cent on the mAP50 metric, surpassing the original model by 0.80 per cent. Moreover, it exhibits an accelerated detection speed of 2.4 tasks/s compared to the previous rate of 1.43 tasks/s. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology in this paper significantly enhances both detection accuracy and speed of the model, paving the way for field application in the near future.
Knowledge Graph-Based Integration of Conversational Advisors and Faceted Filtering
Authors: Kleemann Timm , Loepp Benedikt , Ziegler Jürgen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Modern e-commerce websites often provide users with a variety of components, such as faceted filters and conversational recommender systems, that act as product advisors to help them find relevant products. However, these components are often treated separately and presented as independent components, leading to increased cognitive load and disruption in the search process. Also, the reasoning behind the resulting product recommendations is often not transparent. To address these limitations, we propose a novel approach that relies on a knowledge graph structure to seamlessly integrate faceted filtering and conversational advisors based on graphical user interfaces (GUI). Concretely, the knowledge graph is used to suggest filter values and products based on the user’s answers in the advisor, and, conversely, to determine follow-up questions based on the user’s selected filter values. The user interface also visualizes and explains the underlying relationships between answers given to the advisor and relevant product features in the filter component in order to increase the transparency of the search process. We conducted two user studies with a total of 448 participants to compare a system that integrates the different components according to our approach with a baseline system in which the mechanisms operate separately. Sequence analysis of the logged interaction data provided insights into participants’ behavior as they interacted with both systems. The results indicate that displaying recommended products and related explanations directly in the filter component increases acceptance and trust in the system. Also, the combination of a conversational advisor with values displayed in a filter interface, along with explanations of the underlying relationships, significantly contributes to the knowledge and understanding of those product features that are important in terms of the current search goal.
Home market effects and increasing returns with non-constant marginal costs
Authors: Bak Nahyeon , Kim Daisoon , Mehra Mishita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We reexamine the role of increasing returns in production, central to trade and economic geography theories, focusing on the home market effect. We extend the conventional multi-industry new trade model to introduce (1) nonconstant marginal costs and (2) nonhomothetic production in factors. If factors that are more (less) intensively used in fixed costs than variable costs also have higher relative prices in large countries compared to small countries, then large countries exhibit larger (smaller) firm sizes and specialize in industries with decreasing (increasing) marginal costs. Notably, different levels of fixed costs have a limited impact on these patterns.