bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Perioperative Ketorolac on the Clinical Failure Rate of Meniscal Repair
Authors: Proffen Benedikt L. , Nielson Jason H. , Zurakowski David , Micheli Lyle J. , Curtis Christine , Murray Martha M. 
Published: May 2014

Background: There has been recent interest in the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications on musculoskeletal healing. No studies have yet addressed the effect of these medications on meniscal healing. Hypothesis: The administration of ketorolac in the perioperative period will result in higher rates of meniscal repair clinical failure. Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 110 consecutive patients underwent meniscal repair at our institution between August 1998 and July 2001. Three patients were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 107 (mean age, 15.9 ± 4.4 years) had a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean follow-up, 5.5 years). Thirty-two patients (30%) received ketorolac perioperatively. The primary outcome measure was reoperation for continued symptoms of meniscal pathology. Asymptomatic patients were evaluated by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, Short Form–36 (SF-36) Health Survey, and Knee Outcome Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS). Results: Kaplan-Meier survivorship revealed no difference in reoperation rates with and without the administration of perioperative ketorolac ( P = .95). There was an overall failure rate of 35% (37/107 patients), with a 34% failure rate in patients receiving ketorolac (11/32 patients). Multivariable Cox regression confirmed that age, duration of symptoms, meniscal tear type, fixation technique, concurrent anterior cruciate ligament repair, and ketorolac usage did not have an impact on the rate of failure ( P > .05 for all; ketorolac use, P > .50). Female sex ( P = .04) and medial location ( P = .01) were predictive of an increased risk for reoperation. Conclusion: Failure of meniscal repair was not altered with the administration of perioperative ketorolac. Further work studying the effects of longer term anti-inflammatory use after meniscal repair is necessary before stating that this class of medications has no effect on meniscal healing. Clinical Relevance: Results of this study suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory ketorolac can be administered perioperatively during a meniscal repair procedure to harness its benefits of decreased narcotic requirement, decreased pain, and shorter length of hospital stay without negatively influencing the long-term outcome of the surgery.
Improved dye-sensitized solar cell with a ZnO nanotree photoanode by hydrothermal method
Authors: Kuo Shou-Yi , Yang Jui-Fu , Lai Fang-I 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study investigated the influence of ZnO nanostructures on dye adsorption to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of solar cells. ZnO nanostructures were grown in both tree-like and nanorod (NR) arrays on an AZO/FTO film structure by using a hydrothermal method. The results were observed in detail using X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and solar simulation. The selective growth of tree-like ZnO was found to exhibit higher dye adsorption loading and conversion efficiency than ZnO NRs. The multiple ‘branches’ of ‘tree-like nanostructures’ increases the surface area for higher light harvesting and dye loading while reducing charge recombination. These improvements result in a 15% enhancement in power conversion. The objective of this study is to facilitate the development of a ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cell.
Sensitizing properties of proteins: executive summary
Authors: Poulsen Lars K , Ladics Gregory S , McClain Scott , Doerrer Nancy G , van Ree Ronald 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe scope of allergy risk is diverse considering the myriad ways in which protein allergenicity is affected by physiochemical characteristics of proteins. The complexity created by the matrices of foods and the variability of the human immune system add additional challenges to understanding the relationship between sensitization potential and allergy disease. To address these and other issues, an April 2012 international symposium was held in Prague, Czech Republic, to review and discuss the state‐of‐the‐science of sensitizing properties of protein allergens. The symposium, organized by the Protein Allergenicity Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, featured presentations on current methods, test systems, research trends, and unanswered questions in the field of protein sensitization. A diverse group of over 70 interdisciplinary scientists from academia, government, and industry participated in the symposium. Experts provided overviews on known mechanisms by which proteins in food may cause sensitization, discussed experimental models to predict protein sensitizing potential, and explored whether such experimental techniques may be applicable in regulatory settings. Three accompanying reviews address critical factors and methods for assessing allergic sensitization: 1) food‐and protein‐related factors; 2) host‐specific factors and 3) screening methods, i.e., the ability of experimental models to predict the sensitizing potential of proteins and whether such models are applicable within regulatory settings.
Deeper understanding of mechanisms contributing to sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Walley Keith R 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe inflammatory response of sepsis results in organ dysfunction, including myocardial dysfunction. Myocardial dysfunction is particularly important in patients with severe septic shock who progress to a hypodynamic pre-terminal phase. Multiple aspects of this septic inflammatory response contribute to the pathogenesis of decreased ventricular contractility. Inflammatory cytokines released by inflammatory cells contribute as does nitric oxide released by vascular endothelium and by cardiomyocytes. Endotoxins and other pathogen molecules induce an intramyocardial inflammatory response by binding Toll-like receptors on cardiomyocytes that then signal via NF-κB. These processes alter cardiomyocyte depolarization and, therefore, contractility. The particular role of the cardiomyocyte sodium current has not been characterized. Now new information suggests that the septic inflammatory response impairs normal depolarization by altering the cardiomyocyte sodium current. This results in decreased ventricular contractility. This is important because new targets for therapeutic intervention can be considered and new approaches to evaluation of this problem can be contemplated.
Structure and Reactivity of Radicals Produced by Photocleavage of Oxime Ester Compounds Studied by Time-resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Miyake Yusuke , Takahashi Hirona , Akai Nobuyuki , Shibuya Kazuhiko , Kawai Akio 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Photodissociation of three oxime ester compounds was investigated using time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Direct evidences for the appearance of methyl and iminyl radicals were obtained, and their reactivity toward the acrylate monomer was studied.
Strong Enhancement of Bending-Mode Magnetoelectric Effect by Layer Sequence Choice in Thin Film Bilayer Composites on a Substrate
Authors: Krantz Matthias , Gugat Jascha Lukas , Gerken Martina 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTMagnetoelectric (ME) effects in bilayer composite cantilevers of magnetostrictive (MS) and piezoelectric (PE) materials on a substrate (Sub) are investigated theoretically for the FeCoBSi-AlN-Si system in open circuit mode and compared for different MS-PE-Sub layer thickness ratios and layer sequence choices. Static and resonant magnetic field excitations, the latter with resonance-enhanced cantilever oscillation, are investigated. Greatly differing behavior of the ME response with layer thicknesses is found for alternate layer sequences and excitation modes with the greatest resonant ME effect for the MS and PE layers on opposite sides of the substrate and the highest static effect for non-central substrates. The unexpected layer sequence systematics of the ME response are explained by the behaviour of the neutral (zero strain) plane in the strain coupled elastic layer stack.
Adipose and Muscle Tissue Profile of CD36 Transcripts in Obese Subjects Highlights the Role of CD36 in Fatty Acid Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Pietka Terri A. , Schappe Timothy , Conte Caterina , Fabbrini Elisa , Patterson Bruce W. , Klein Samuel , Abumrad Nada A. , Love-Gregory Latisha 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism is tightly regulated across several tissues and impacts insulin sensitivity. CD36 facilitates cellular FA uptake, and CD36 genetic variants associate with lipid abnormalities and susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to gain insight regarding the in vivo metabolic influence of muscle and adipose tissue CD36. For this, we determined the relationships between CD36 alternative transcripts, which can reflect tissue-specific CD36 regulation, and measures of FA metabolism and insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The relative abundance of alternative CD36 transcripts in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from 53 nondiabetic obese subjects was measured and related to insulin sensitivity and FA metabolism assessed by hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps and isotopic tracers for glucose and FA.

RESULTS
Transcript 1C, one of two major transcripts in adipose tissue, that is restricted to adipocytes predicted systemic and tissue (adipose, liver, and muscle) insulin sensitivity, suggesting adipocyte CD36 protects against insulin resistance. Transcripts 1B and 1A, the major transcripts in skeletal muscle, correlated with FA disposal rate and triglyceride clearance, supporting importance of muscle CD36 in clearance of circulating FA. Additionally, the common CD36 single nucleotide polymorphism rs1761667 selectively influenced CD36 transcripts and exacerbated insulin resistance of glucose disposal by muscle.

CONCLUSIONS
Alternative CD36 transcripts differentially influence tissue CD36 and consequently FA homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Adipocyte CD36 appears to be metabolically protective, and its selective upregulation might have therapeutic potential in insulin resistance.
Early Hyperglycemia Detected by Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Children at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Steck Andrea K. , Dong Fran , Taki Iman , Hoffman Michelle , Klingensmith Georgeanna J. , Rewers Marian J. 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
We explore continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as a new approach to defining early hyperglycemia and diagnosing type 1 diabetes in children with positive islet autoantibodies (Ab+).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fourteen Ab+ children, free of signs or symptoms of diabetes, and nine antibody-negative (Ab−) subjects, followed by the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young, were asked to wear a Dexcom SEVEN CGM.

RESULTS
The Ab+ subjects showed more hyperglycemia, with 18% time spent above 140 mg/dL, compared with 9% in Ab− subjects (P = 0.04). Their average maximum daytime glucose value was higher, and they had increased glycemic variability. The mean HbA1c in the Ab+ subjects was 5.5% (37 mmol/mol). Among Ab+ subjects, ≥18–20% CGM time spent above 140 mg/dL seems to predict progression to diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
CGM can detect early hyperglycemia in Ab+ children who are at high risk for progression to diabetes. Proposed CGM predictors of progression to diabetes require further validation.
A Low–Glycemic Index Meal and Bedtime Snack Prevents Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Associated Rises in Inflammatory Markers, Providing Protection From Early but Not Late Nocturnal Hypoglycemia Following Evening Exercise in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Campbell Matthew D. , Walker Mark , Trenell Michael I. , Stevenson Emma J. , Turner Daniel , Bracken Richard M. , Shaw James A. , West Daniel J. 
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE
To examine the influence of the glycemic index (GI) of foods consumed after evening exercise on postprandial glycemia, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and nocturnal glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
On two evenings (∼1700 h), 10 male patients (27 ± 5 years of age, HbA1c 6.7 ± 0.7% [49.9 ± 8.1 mmol/mol]) were administered a 25% rapid-acting insulin dose with a carbohydrate bolus 60 min before 45 min of treadmill running. At 60 min postexercise, patients were administered a 50% rapid-acting insulin dose with one of two isoenergetic meals (1.0 g carbohdyrate/kg body mass [BM]) matched for macronutrient content but of either low GI (LGI) or high GI (HGI). At 180 min postmeal, the LGI group ingested an LGI snack and the HGI group an HGI snack (0.4 g carbohdyrate/kg BM) before returning home (∼2300 h). Interval samples were analyzed for blood glucose and lactate; plasma glucagon, epinephrine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); and serum insulin, cortisol, nonesterified fatty acid, and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Interstitial glucose was recorded for 20 h postlaboratory attendance through continuous glucose monitoring.

RESULTS
Following the postexercise meal, an HGI snack induced hyperglycemia in all patients (mean ± SD glucose 13.5 ± 3.3 mmol/L) and marked increases in TNF-α and IL-6, whereas relative euglycemia was maintained with an LGI snack (7.7 ± 2.5 mmol/L, P &lt; 0.001) without inflammatory cytokine elevation. Both meal types protected all patients from early hypoglycemia. Overnight glycemia was comparable, with a similar incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia (n = 5 for both HGI and LGI).

CONCLUSIONS
Consuming LGI food with a reduced rapid-acting insulin dose following evening exercise prevents postprandial hyperglycemia and inflammation and provides hypoglycemia protection for ∼8 h postexercise; however, the risk of late nocturnal hypoglycemia remains.
Experiences of Exercise During Pregnancy Among Women Who Perform Regular Resistance Training: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Petrov Fieril Karolina , Fagevik Olsén Monika , Glantz Anna , Larsson Maria 
Published: May 2014

Background
Women who are pregnant and healthy are recommended to do 30 minutes or more of light to moderate exercise a day on most, if not all, days of the week. However, only 1 of 6 pregnant women in the United States and northern Europe follows these recommendations. Little attention has been given to the experience of exercise in pregnancy.

Objectives
The aim of the study was to describe experiences of exercise during pregnancy among women who performed regular resistance training.

Design
This was a qualitative, inductive content analysis study.

Methods
Seventeen pregnant women who exercised on a regular basis participated in individual semistructured, face-to-face interviews that were recorded, transcribed, coded, and condensed into subcategories and categories.

Results
Four categories emerged (subcategories within parentheses): (1) positive impact on body and mind (reduced pregnancy-related problems, increased self-confidence and sense of control, immediate positive feedback, and effects on lifestyle and quality of life); (2) expected benefits and facilitators (knowledge of health benefits, part of one's lifestyle, preventing pregnancy-related problems, social support, staying in good shape, and healthy living with regard to the fetus); (3) new exercise barriers (physical limitations, taking care not to harm oneself or the fetus, uncertainty or lack of knowledge, sense of exclusion at the fitness center, lack of understanding on the part of others, and the pregnancy itself provided an easy excuse); and (4) overcoming exercise barriers (lowering the intensity of exercise, modifying the type of exercise, changing exercise goals, and being extra attentive during exercise).

Conclusion
Pregnant women strived to exercise if the exercise facilitators outweighed the barriers. As the study described facilitators, barriers, and strategies for how to overcome exercise barriers, the results can be useful in exercise promotion in healthy pregnancy.
Identifying Items to Assess Methodological Quality in Physical Therapy Trials: A Factor Analysis
Authors: Armijo-Olivo Susan , Cummings Greta G. , Fuentes Jorge , Saltaji Humam , Ha Christine , Chisholm Annabritt , Pasichnyk Dion , Rogers Todd 
Published: May 2014

Background
Numerous tools and individual items have been proposed to assess the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The frequency of use of these items varies according to health area, which suggests a lack of agreement regarding their relevance to trial quality or risk of bias.

Objective
The objectives of this study were: (1) to identify the underlying component structure of items and (2) to determine relevant items to evaluate the quality and risk of bias of trials in physical therapy by using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA).

Design
A methodological research design was used, and an EFA was performed.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials used for this study were randomly selected from searches of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers used 45 items gathered from 7 different quality tools to assess the methodological quality of the RCTs. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the principal axis factoring (PAF) method followed by varimax rotation.

Results
Principal axis factoring identified 34 items loaded on 9 common factors: (1) selection bias; (2) performance and detection bias; (3) eligibility, intervention details, and description of outcome measures; (4) psychometric properties of the main outcome; (5) contamination and adherence to treatment; (6) attrition bias; (7) data analysis; (8) sample size; and (9) control and placebo adequacy.

Limitation
Because of the exploratory nature of the results, a confirmatory factor analysis is needed to validate this model.

Conclusions
To the authors' knowledge, this is the first factor analysis to explore the underlying component items used to evaluate the methodological quality or risk of bias of RCTs in physical therapy. The items and factors represent a starting point for evaluating the methodological quality and risk of bias in physical therapy trials. Empirical evidence of the association among these items with treatment effects and a confirmatory factor analysis of these results are needed to validate these items.
Build Better Bones With Exercise: Protocol for a Feasibility Study of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of 12 Months of Home Exercise in Women With a Vertebral Fracture
Authors: Giangregorio Lora M. , Thabane Lehana , Adachi Jonathan D. , Ashe Maureen C. , Bleakney Robert R. , Braun E. Anne , Cheung Angela M. , Fraser Lisa-Ann , Gibbs Jenna C. , Hill Keith D. , Hodsman Anthony B. , Kendler David L. , Mittmann Nicole , Prasad Sadhana , Scherer Samuel C. , Wark John D. , Papaioannou Alexandra 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundOur goal is to conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate whether exercise can reduce incident fractures compared with no intervention among women aged ≥65 years with a vertebral fracture.ObjectivesThis pilot study will determine the feasibility of recruitment, retention, and adherence for the proposed trial.DesignThe proposed RCT will be a pilot feasibility study with 1:1 randomization to exercise or attentional control groups.SettingFive Canadian sites (1 community hospital partnered with an academic center and 4 academic hospitals or centers affiliated with an academic center) and 2 Australian centers (1 academic hospital and 1 center for community primary care, geriatric, and rehabilitation services).ParticipantsOne hundred sixty women aged ≥65 years with vertebral fracture at 5 Canadian and 2 Australian centers will be recruited.InterventionThe Build Better Bones With Exercise (B3E) intervention includes exercise and behavioral counseling, delivered by a physical therapist in 6 home visits over 8 months, and monthly calls; participants are to exercise ≥3 times weekly. Controls will receive equal attention.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes will include recruitment, retention, and adherence. Adherence to exercise will be assessed via calendar diary. Secondary outcomes will include physical function (lower extremity strength, mobility, and balance), posture, and falls. Additional secondary outcomes will include quality of life, pain, fall self-efficacy, behavior change variables, intervention cost, fractures, and adverse events. Analyses of feasibility objectives will be descriptive or based on estimates with 95% confidence intervals, where feasibility will be assessed relative to a priori criteria. Differences in secondary outcomes will be evaluated in intention-to-treat analyses via independent Student t tests, chi-square tests, or logistic regression. The Bonferroni method will be used to adjust the level of significance for secondary outcomes so the overall alpha level is .05.LimitationsNo assessment of bone mineral density will be conducted. The proposed definitive trial will require a large sample size.ConclusionsThe viability of a large-scale exercise trial in women with vertebral fractures will be evaluated, as well as the effects of a home exercise program on important secondary outcomes.
Introducing Literature Critically and Creatively to Bangladeshi University Students
Authors: Farida Nevin , Sinha Begum Shahnaz 
Published: May 2014

In the National Curriculum for the Secondary and Higher Secondary levels in Bangladesh, there is hardly any focus on English literature in the English syllabus. Students who enter the English Department of Dhaka University face great difficulties in tackling literature. This paper aims to show how we meet the needs of our learners. We draw upon the techniques of close reading and stylistics to develop students’ critical and creative abilities in order to respond to literature. This paper will also share some of the materials and activities used in the classroom by the teachers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v18i1-2.10329 Journal of NELTA, Vol 18 No. 1-2, December 2013; 41-52
The Effects of Vocabulary Learning on Taiwanese College Students’ Writing
Authors: Tai Feng-Chen 
Published: May 2014

This study investigates two approaches of vocabulary learning: productive and receptive and their effectiveness in facilitating Taiwanese college students’ writing. Participants were 99 first-year college students. One half was assigned to learn a set of 20 target words productively through word pairs and the other receptively. A post picture-based writing task was used to measure writing quality and the number of target words, and a vocabulary test, productive vocabulary knowledge. The results showed that the productive group outperformed the receptive group in writing quality, the number of target words and productive vocabulary knowledge. The findings suggest that productive vocabulary learning through word pairs may be more effective than the receptive method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nelta.v18i1-2.10330 Journal of NELTA, Vol 18 No. 1-2, December 2013; 53-64