bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planted stock performance 10 years after partial cutting in west-central British Columbia
Authors: Waterhouse M J , Wallich E. C. , Daintith N. M. , Armleder H. M. 
Published: February 2014

Mature lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests were harvested using group selection (GS) (0.02-ha openings) and irregular group shelterwood (IGS) (0.05-ha openings) systems to maintain arboreal and terrestrial lichens in the winter range of northern woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Ten years after planting, lodgepole pine showed excellent survival, but were smaller in the partial cut openings compared to the clearcuts. Pine grew less in the Sub-Boreal Pine–Spruce biogeoclimatic subzone (SBPSxc) than in the Montane Spruce subzone (MSxv), and trees were smaller in the GS versus IGS treatment within the MSxv subzone. Interior spruce (Picea glauca × engelmannii) grew best in the MSxv and partial cut treatments, but was significantly affected by summer frost in the clearcuts. In an operational-scale Adaptive Management trial, openings were enlarged to 0.15 ha, and both pine and spruce showed excellent survival, minimal frost damage, and 10-year size similar to clearcut conditions. This study suggests that lodgepole pine and interior spruce can be successfully regenerated in partial cut openings with acceptable growth in gaps of 0.15 ha. Key words: caribou, group selection, interior spruce, irregular group shelterwood, light level, lodgepole pine, Montane Spruce zone, partial harvest, soil moisture, soil temperature, Sub-Boreal Pine Spruce zone, summer frost
Protected areas and sustainable forest management: What are we talking about?
Authors: Duinker Peter , Wiersma Yolanda F , Haider Wolfgang , Hvenegaard Glen T , Schmiegelow Fiona K.A. 
Published: February 2014

Recent research investigating the relationship between protected areas and sustainable forest management has revealed the need for clarity of language if cooperation is to move forward. Here, we develop a parallel framework to compare the concepts of protected areas and sustainable forest management. We address the challenge inherent in the concept of protected areas as places and sustainable forest management as a process or paradigm. Our framework outlines dominant values, management paradigms, and terms for the places managed under each paradigm. Key words: protected areas, sustainable forest management, terminology
A retrospective and lessons learned from Natural Resources Canada’s Forest 2020 afforestation initiative
Authors: Dominy S W.J. , Gilsenan R. , McKenney D W , Allen D J , Hatton T. , Koven A. , Cary J. , Yemshanov D. , Sidders D. 
Published: February 2014

Canada is seeking cost-effective means to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2, that have been linked to global climate change. In 2003 the Government of Canada launched the Forest 2020 Plantation Development and Assessment Initiative to assess the potential for fast-growing woody crops to sequester carbon from the atmosphere. Across the country 6000 ha of plantations were established and monitored on nonforested lands (afforestation) using a variety of methods. Economic analyses assessed the investment attractiveness of this mitigation measure for a range of species and suitable lands, taking into account such factors as growth rates, agricultural opportunity costs and a range of possible carbon values. Analyses illustrated that at current trading prices for carbon and for much of the available lands and expanding markets for forest bioproducts, expected rates of return on investment for afforestation were relatively low. However, higher future carbon prices, combined with monetary values for environmental benefits, could dramatically change the economics of afforestation in the future. Key words: afforestation, carbon sequestration, forest carbon offset project, climate change mitigation, policy analysis, risk analysis, forest investment analysis, hybrids, hybrid poplar, fast-growing trees
The potential of forest biomass as an energy supply for Canada
Authors: Paré David , Bernier Pierre , Thiffault Evelyne , Titus Brian D 
Published: February 2014

There is a growing interest in using forest biomass as an energy source. The main objectives of this paper are to give somefigures and perspectives on Canadian forest biomass supply with respect to Canada’s energy demand and to examine thepotential of using this feedstock for reducing our greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Published estimates of forest biomasssupply as harvest residues are reported and discussed. The range of estimates listed here indicates that this source ofenergy is important but that it is still a fraction of our energy demands. The potential of using this biomass to reduce ourGHG emissions is strongly dependent, among other factors, on the technological pathways that are used, with direct heatproduction and combined heat and power (CHP) ranking amongst the best options available. The relative scarcity of theresource behooves us to use it efficiently. Key words: forest biomass, residue, greenhouse gas, mitigation, energy, sustainable forestry
Development of integrated design methodology for various types of product — service systems
Authors: Tran Tuan A. , Park Joon Y. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We propose a new generic design methodology for different types of PSS. Product – Service System (PSS) has received much attention recently from academia and industry because of its benefits. PSS can provide customers values and functionalities, as well as physical products, to fulfill economic, social and environmental goals.Many methodologies have been proposed for designing PSSs. Most of the existing methodologies are domain specific and were proposed to solve specific problems in certain projects. Some methodologies are generic but they provide neither guideline to practitioners and designers nor reflect the differences in various PSS types. As a generic approach to guide practitioners and designers in designing PSS effectively, the proposed methodology also takes into account user in-volvement, business model and organizational structure. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through design examples of different types of PSSs.
Digoxin as a Treatment for Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Haagensen Jen , Hoegerl Carl 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH)—sometimes called pseudotumor cerebri—is a neurologic condition distinguished by any of the following symptoms: headache, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, papilledema, vision loss, diplopia, tinnitus, deafness, nausea and vomiting, or sixth nerve palsy. Medical and surgical management options are available for patients with IIH. The authors report a case of IIH that was successfully resolved with digoxin after standard avenues of therapy were exhausted.
Recommended Vaccines for Adolescent Patients
Authors: Bennett Gregory H. , Leite Kelly 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Vaccination is a safe and effective tool in the prevention of serious and deadly infectious diseases. The vaccinations delivered at routine adolescent visits are an integral part of preventing infection, as well as reducing school absenteeism as a result of illness. Current recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices include vaccinating during a single visit at age 11 or 12 years against pathogens including Neisseria meningitidis, which has been shown to cause invasive meningococcal infections; Bordetella pertussis, which has been shown to cause pertussis (whooping cough); and human papillomavirus, which has been shown to cause cervical cancer and genital warts. Additionally, annual influenza vaccination is recommended for adolescents without contraindications to the vaccine. In the present article, the authors summarize current recommendations for adolescent vaccines and their formulations, the infections that they prevent, contraindications to administration, vaccination rates, and the most commonly reported adverse events.
Decrease in southeastern Australian water availability linked to ongoing Hadley cell expansion
Authors: Post David A. , Timbal Bertrand , Chiew Francis H. S. , Hendon Harry H. , Nguyen Hahn , Moran Rae 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSoutheastern Australia experienced the worst drought of the instrumental record from 1997 to 2009, which was broken by Australia's wettest 2 year period on record (2010/2011). This drought was primarily a cool season (April to October) phenomenon. In contrast, the breaking of the drought was a warm season (November to March) phenomenon. This reduction in winter rainfall along with an absence of very wet months led to a greater reduction in streamflow across the region than would be anticipated based on the 12% reduction in mean annual rainfall alone. The results presented in this article have linked the extent, duration, and severity of this drought to the ongoing observed expansion of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell at a rate of 0.5°/decade. This expansion has intensified the subtropical ridge over southern Australia, pushing cool season midlatitude storm tracks further south, leading to a reduction in winter rainfall and runoff across the region.
Triggering of repeating earthquakes in central California
Authors: Wu Chunquan , Gomberg Joan , Ben‐Naim Eli , Johnson Paul 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDynamic stresses carried by transient seismic waves have been found capable of triggering earthquakes instantly in various tectonic settings. Delayed triggering may be even more common, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Catalogs of repeating earthquakes, earthquakes that recur repeatedly at the same location, provide ideal data sets to test the effects of transient dynamic perturbations on the timing of earthquake occurrence. Here we employ a catalog of 165 families containing ~2500 total repeating earthquakes to test whether dynamic perturbations from local, regional, and teleseismic earthquakes change recurrence intervals. The distance to the earthquake generating the perturbing waves is a proxy for the relative potential contributions of static and dynamic deformations, because static deformations decay more rapidly with distance. Clear changes followed the nearby 2004 Mw6 Parkfield earthquake, so we study only repeaters prior to its origin time. We apply a Monte Carlo approach to compare the observed number of shortened recurrence intervals following dynamic perturbations with the distribution of this number estimated for randomized perturbation times. We examine the comparison for a series of dynamic stress peak amplitude and distance thresholds. The results suggest a weak correlation between dynamic perturbations in excess of ~20 kPa and shortened recurrence intervals, for both nearby and remote perturbations.
Ionization of metastable nitrogen and oxygen atoms by electron impact: Relevance to auroral emissions
Authors: Pandya Siddharth H. , Joshipura K. N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractTotal cross sections are theoretically evaluated for electron impact ionization of initially metastable states of nitrogen as well as oxygen atoms, known to play roles in auroral emissions observed in the Earth's polar regions as also in the cometary coma and airglows. If the long‐lived N(2P), N(2D), O(1S), and O(1D) metastable species get ionized in their interactions with energetic electrons, then they would not contribute to auroral emission. Therefore, we investigate electron ionization of the said metastable species by calculating relevant total cross sections. Our quantum mechanical calculations are based on projected approximate ionization contribution in the total inelastic cross sections. In all the four targets, the resulting cross sections are fairly large, indicating the importance of the electron ionization process.
Polydopamine hydrophilic modification of polypropylene separator for lithium ion battery
Authors: Wang Dan , Zhao Zhongling , Yu Lina , Zhang Kejin , Na Hui , Ying Shanqiang , Xu Dechao , Zhang Guo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe modified polypropylene (PP) separators with self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surfaces are prepared by a simple solution‐immersion method to improve the interfacial hydrophilic and discharge performance. The contact angle test and the liquid electrolyte uptake capacity test results show that the wettability and the electrolyte‐retention ability of polydopamine‐modified separator are improved significantly. The robust and thin polydopamine layer on the surface also enhances thermal performance and tensile strength of the modified PP separator certified by DSC and tensile strength tests. The ionic conductivity of the modified PP separator is up to 3.08 mS·cm−1, ∼2.5 times of the bare separator. Good discharge capacity retention and C‐rate discharge performance are demonstrated by a 2025 coin half‐cell with the liquid electrolyte‐soaked polydopamine modified PP separator sandwiched between lithium metal anode and LiFePO4 cathode. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40543.
Fixed‐Structure ℋ∞ Controller Design for Systems with Polytopic Uncertainty: An LMI Solution
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Arash 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis note provides a new method for fixed‐structure H∞ controller design for discrete‐time single input single output (SISO) systems with polytopic uncertainty. New conditions are derived based on the concept of robust strict positive realness (SPRness) of an uncertain polynomial with respect to a parameter‐dependent polynomial. The quality of this approximation depends on this SPR‐maker. A procedure is proposed for choosing the parameter‐dependent SPR‐maker that guarantees the improvement of the performance for the designed controller in comparison with the traditional approaches employed fixed SPR‐makers. The proposed conditions are given in terms of solutions to a set of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by comparing with the existing results.
A Narrative Enquiry of Experienced Family Carers of People with Dementia Volunteering in a Carer Supporter Programme
Authors: Brooks Alice , Farquharson Lorna , Burnell Karen , Charlesworth Georgina 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWhilst positive and negative aspects of general volunteering have been noted in the literature, little is known about the experience of volunteering to provide peer support to carers of people with dementia. The present study explored the impact of participating in a carer supporter programme in the context of previous caring experiences. Eight carer supporters, who had participated in the programme for at least 5 months, took part in semi‐structured interviews to elicit rich, extended narratives of their experiences. Narrative analysis of the interview transcripts covered structural, thematic and wider socio‐cultural components. The results indicated that most carer supporters naturally reflected on the positive impact of having shared experiences with the newer carers. Emotional and practical gains from participating in the programme were highlighted, as well as a greater sense of connection with others, extending to a wider social and organisational network. However, carer supporters also reflected on the negative emotions that could be evoked. The findings of the study indicate that the carer supporter role has potential to facilitate new roles, activities and social identities, but participation needs to be considered in relation to potentially stressful transitional points throughout the caring career. Role definition issues also need further consideration. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Piezo2 expression in corneal afferent neurons
Authors: Bron Romke , Wood Rhiannon J. , Brock James A. , Ivanusic Jason J. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRecently, a novel class of mechanically sensitive channels has been identified and have been called Piezo channels. In this study, we explored Piezo channel expression in sensory neurons supplying the guinea pig corneal epithelium, which have well‐defined modalities in this species. We hypothesized that a proportion of corneal afferent neurons express Piezo2, and that these neurons are neurochemically distinct from corneal polymodal nociceptors or cold‐sensing neurons. We used a combination of retrograde tracing to identify corneal afferent neurons and double label in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry to determine their molecular and/or neurochemical profile. We found that Piezo2 expression occurs in ∼26% of trigeminal ganglion neurons and 30% of corneal afferent neurons. Piezo2 corneal afferent neurons are almost exclusively non‐calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP)‐immunoreactive (‐IR), medium‐ to large‐sized neurons that are NF200‐IR, suggesting they are not corneal polymodal nociceptors. There was no coexpression of Piezo2 and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) transcripts in any corneal afferent neurons, further suggesting that Piezo2 is not expressed in corneal cold‐sensing neurons. We also noted that TRPM8‐IR or CGRP‐IR corneal afferent neurons are almost entirely small and lack NF200‐IR. Piezo2 expression occurs in a neurochemically distinct subpopulation of corneal afferent neurons that are not polymodal nociceptors or cold‐sensing neurons, and is likely confined to a subpopulation of pure mechano‐nociceptors in the cornea. This provides the first evidence in an in vivo system that Piezo2 is a strong candidate for a channel that transduces noxious mechanical stimuli. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2967–2979, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emergence of sensory structures in the developing epidermis in sepia officinalis and other coleoid cephalopods
Authors: Buresi Auxane , Croll Roger P. , Tiozzo Stefano , Bonnaud Laure , Baratte Sébastien 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTEmbryonic cuttlefish can first respond to a variety of sensory stimuli during early development in the egg capsule. To examine the neural basis of this ability, we investigated the emergence of sensory structures within the developing epidermis. We show that the skin facing the outer environment (not the skin lining the mantle cavity, for example) is derived from embryonic domains expressing the Sepia officinalis ortholog of pax3/7, a gene involved in epidermis specification in vertebrates. On the head, they are confined to discrete brachial regions referred to as “arm pillars” that expand and cover Sof‐pax3/7‐negative head ectodermal tissues. As revealed by the expression of the S. officinalis ortholog of elav1, an early marker of neural differentiation, the olfactory organs first differentiate at about stage 16 within Sof‐pax3/7‐negative ectodermal regions before they are covered by the definitive Sof‐pax3/7‐positive outer epithelium. In contrast, the eight mechanosensory lateral lines running over the head surface and the numerous other putative sensory cells in the epidermis, differentiate in the Sof‐pax3/7‐positive tissues at stages ∼24–25, after they have extended over the entire outer surfaces of the head and arms. Locations and morphologies of the various sensory cells in the olfactory organs and skin were examined using antibodies against acetylated tubulin during the development of S. officinalis and were compared with those in hatchlings of two other cephalopod species. The early differentiation of olfactory structures and the peculiar development of the epidermis with its sensory cells provide new perspectives for comparisons of developmental processes among molluscs. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3004–3019, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of omeprazole and ritonavir on absorption and elimination of the hepatitis C virus NS5A inhibitor GSK2336805 in healthy adults
Authors: Adkison Kimberly K. , Jones Lori S. , Lou Yu , Gan Jianjun , Wilfret David A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis Phase I, randomized, open‐label study evaluated the gastric pH‐altering effects of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, and the CYP3A enzyme/P‐glycoprotein (Pgp)‐inhibitory effects of ritonavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and safety of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) non‐structural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitor GSK2336805 in healthy male and female subjects. Co‐administration of GSK2336805 60 mg with omeprazole decreased GSK2336805 plasma AUC(0–∞) by 10% and Cmax by 18%; no marked effect was observed on t½. Co‐administration of GSK2336805 30 mg with ritonavir increased GSK2336805 plasma AUC(0–∞) by 52%, Cmax by 43%, and t½ by 40%; CL/F was decreased by 34%. All adverse events were minor in intensity. The gastric acid‐suppressive effect of omeprazole had minimal impact on the extent and rate of GSK2336805 absorption in vivo; therefore, GSK2336805 may be co‐administered with omeprazole without concern about lower GSK2336805 exposures and compromised antiviral efficacy. The modest increases in AUC and Cmax following co‐administration of GSK2336805 plus ritonavir suggest that GSK2336805 when given concomitantly with a single CYP3A/Pgp inhibiting drug will not likely require dose adjustment. Final dose recommendation will be based on GSK2336805 efficacy and safety profiles from Phase III trials in HCV‐infected patients.
Evaluation of potential for pharmacokinetic interaction between mometasone furoate and formoterol fumarate after oral inhalation from a fixed‐dose combination metered‐dose inhaler device
Authors: Kosoglou Teddy , Hubbell James , Johnson‐Levonas Amy O. , Yunan Mona , Kantesaria Bhavna S. , Cutler David L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA fixed‐dose combination (FDC) containing mometasone furoate (MF) and formoterol fumarate (F) in a pressurized metered dose inhaler (MDI) is approved for asthma and is being developed for COPD. This randomized, open‐label, 4‐period crossover study compared single‐dose pharmacokinetics of MF 800 µg; F 20 µg; MF 800 µg + F 20 µg coadministered (MF + F); and MF 800 µg/F 20 µg (MF/F) FDC in healthy subjects. MF, F, and MF + F were administered from single‐ingredient MDI devices. MF and formoterol plasma samples were obtained predose and up to 48 hours post dose for estimation of AUC0–tf (primary endpoint) and Cmax. Treatments were deemed comparable if the 90% CIs for the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) fell within 70–143%. MF AUC0–tf was comparable following treatment with MF + F versus MF (GMR 98%; 90% CI 85–113%) and MF/F versus MF + F (GMR 95%; 90% CI 82–109%). Similarly, formoterol AUC0‐tf was comparable following treatment with MF + F versus F (GMR 98%; 90% CI 77–124%) and MF/F versus MF + F (GMR 108%; 90% CI 85–136%). The 90% CIs for MF and formoterol Cmax fell within the prespecified comparability bounds for all comparisons. Systemic exposures to MF and formoterol were similar following treatment with the FDC MDI device versus individual or concomitant use of single‐ingredient MDI devices.
Graphical processing unit‐based parallelization of the Open Shortest Path First and Border Gateway Protocol routing protocols
Authors: Dundjerski Dejan , Tomašević Milo 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYExponentially growing number of devices on Internet incurs an ever‐increasing load on the network routers in executing network protocols. Parallel processing has recently become an unavoidable means to scale up the router performance. The research effort elaborated in this paper is focused on exploiting the modern trends of general‐purpose computing on graphics processing unit computing in speeding up the execution of network protocols. An additional benefit is off‐loading the CPU, which can now be fully dedicated to the packet processing and forwarding. To this end, the Shortest Path First algorithm in the Open Shortest Path First protocol and the choice of the best routes in the Border Gateway Protocol are parallelized for efficient execution on Compute Unified Device Architecture platform. An evaluation study was conducted on three different graphics processing units with representative network workload for a varying number of routes and devices. The obtained speedup results confirmed the viability and cost‐effectiveness of such an approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.