bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review on Empirical Correlations for Jet/Spray Trajectory of Liquid Jet in Uniform Cross Flow
Authors: No Soo-Young 
Published: November 2015

The empirical correlations for the prediction of jet/spray penetration of liquid jet in subsonic uniform crossflow are reviewed in this study. Considerable number of empirical correlations had been proposed by many investigators. It has generally known that the jet/spray trajectory of a liquid jet in a cross-flow is a function of the liquid to air momentum flux ratio and the normalized distance in the airstream direction from the injector. However, several researchers incorporated the Weber number, liquid-to-water or air viscosity ratio, pressure ratio or Reynolds number, temperature ratio in the empirical correlations. Two different classification methods of correlations, i.e. classification based on mathematic functional form and classification based on flow regime, are introduced in this study. The one classification of existing correlations based on functional form includes correlations in a power-law, logarithmic, and exponential forms, respectively. The other classification of previous correlations based on flow regime includes one, two and three regime, correlations. Correlations in a power-law functional form can be further divided into three groups such as momentum flux ratio, Weber number and other parameters forms. Correlations in logarithmic functional form can be also grouped as momentum flux ratio and Weber number forms. Most of the evaluation studies reported the significant discrepancies of predicted values by the existing correlations. The possible reasons for discrepancies will be summarized as measurement technique, assumptions made in defining terms in the liquid to air momentum flux ratio, difficulties in defining the boundaries of the liquid jets, turbulence level in the core and boundary layer of incoming jet and gas flows, nozzle/injector geometry and its position in the crossflow. However, it can be found from the several evaluation studies that the power-law functional form with momentum flux ratio and two regimes correlations provided relatively the best fit to experimental data.
Robust Growth-Optimal Portfolios
Authors: Rujeerapaiboon Napat , Kuhn Daniel , Wiesemann Wolfram 
Published: November 2015

The growth-optimal portfolio is designed to have maximum expected log return over the next rebalancing period. Thus, it can be computed with relative ease by solving a static optimization problem. The growth-optimal portfolio has sparked fascination among finance professionals and researchers because it can be shown to outperform any other portfolio with probability 1 in the long run. In the short run, however, it is notoriously volatile. Moreover, its computation requires precise knowledge of the asset return distribution, which is not directly observable but must be inferred from sparse data. By using methods from distributionally robust optimization, we design fixed-mix strategies that offer similar performance guarantees as the growth-optimal portfolio but for a finite investment horizon and for a whole family of distributions that share the same first- and second-order moments. We demonstrate that the resulting robust growth-optimal portfolios can be computed efficiently by solving a tractable conic program whose size is independent of the length of the investment horizon. Simulated and empirical backtests show that the robust growth-optimal portfolios are competitive with the classical growth-optimal portfolio across most realistic investment horizons and for an overwhelming majority of contaminated return distributions. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Comparative Criminal Law: An Economic Perspective
Authors: Ghasemi Mojtaba 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper develops an economic model to explain how societies make decisions about criminal law based on efficiency. The scope of criminal law depends on activities considered harmless or harmful. Besides different scope of criminal law, different societies can also have different punishments for certain kinds of crimes. This divergence stems from the relative importance of factors that societies consider in optimizing social loss from criminal activities. These factors are: the harmfulness of the crime, retributive or regretful emotions towards offenders or what is called “humanity of punishment” and the deterrent effect of certain punishments. Different attitudes towards these aspects lead to differences in criminal law. Once sources of divergence have been identified, the key question is who decides the above features? The answer depends crucially on the political constitution of the society. In authoritarian systems, the central planner formulates the criminal law; in democratic systems “public opinion” can have different degrees of influence. The most common style in forming criminal justice policies in advanced democracies is “insulated delegation” or “professionalization of punishment,” in the hands of the academic elite.
Dynamic Contests With Bankruptcy: The Despair Effect
Authors: Beviá Carmen , Corchón Luis C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe analyze a two-period contest in which agents may become bankrupt at the end of the first period. A bankrupt agent is excluded from the contest in the second period of the game. We investigate the existence of a subgame perfect equilibrium in pure strategies. We distinguish between a borrowing equilibrium in which at least one agent might be bankrupted and a non borrowing equilibrium in which no agent is bankrupted. We prove that the former occurs when the agent taking loans is relatively poor and the future does not matter very much. This action represents the Despair Effect, in which severely handicapped agents take actions that jeopardize their existence in the long run but are currently helpful. We find conditions under which borrowing and non borrowing equilibria overlap and do not overlap. We provide an example in which no equilibrium exists.
An Analysis of English Demonstration Classroom Discourse
Authors: Zou Rong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
From the perspective of cultural semiotic theory, Lotman divided the dynamic communication process within a semiosphere into five stages: contact, selection, internalization, integration and transmission. This process contains two communication models: the“I-YOU” communication model and the“I-I” communication model (the autocommunication model). This paper brings Lotman’s cultural semiotic theory into the field of classroom discourse analysis and recommends treating the classroom as a semiosphere. By investigating the dynamic communication process between the teacher and the students in the classroom semiosphere, this paper attempts to reveal the inner dynamics of classroom communication as well as the functions of classroom discourse in different communication models. It is found that the communication process in the classroom semiosphere should be seen as dynamic and inter-subjective. Finally, it confirms the significance of the autocommunication model for the construction and generation of students’ knowledge.
Inorganic nanoparticles for the theranostics of cancer
Authors: Verma Jyoti , Lal Sumit , Van Noorden Cornelis J.F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTheranostics are a multifunctional approach using nanoparticles for combined diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The hybrid nanoparticles that are applied for these purposes are composed of an inorganic core and an organic shell. The inorganic core acts as a contrast enhancer and the organic shell acts as a drug releaser. Hybrid nanoparticles can be conjugated with targeting moieties and systematically administered to patients to direct the nanoparticles to specific cells such as cancer cells. Theranostics have the potential to significantly improve early stage cancer diagnostics and patient survival. This review discusses preclinical and clinical advances in applications of inorganic nanoparticles for the theranostics of cancer.
Effect of clay loading on the structural and mechanical properties of organoclay/HDI-based thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites
Authors: Taheri Narges , Sayyahi Soheil 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThermoplastic polyurethane/organically-modified montmorillonite (TPU/OMMT) nanocomposites were synthesized by the pre-polymer polymerization method using Cloisite® 30B organoclay, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol, 2000 g/mol) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO). The hard segment content of the TPU was maintained at ~25.5% while the role of clay content was investigated at 1, 3 and 5 wt.% of clay concentration. The aim of this work was to obtain a high-performance polyurethane system while reaching a general microstructure-property relationship for TPU/OMMT nanocomposites. Clay exfoliation was achieved at 1 and 3 wt.% of clay loadings while some agglomerated clay sheets were observed in samples containing 5 wt.% OMMT. Significant hydrogen bonding occurred between the urethane linkages with unreacted -CH2CH2OH groups of the OMMT particles which resulted in strong matrix-filler interactions. Consequently, the values of tensile modulus were enhanced with clay content; namely a 177% improvement was observed for samples containing 5 wt.% OMMT. On the other hand, samples exhibited more thermoplastic behavior with the increase of clay content which resulted in lower deformability and lower values of tensile strength.
Synthesis of Ag2O nano-catalyst in the spherical polyelectrolyte brushes and its application in visible photo driven degradation of dye
Authors: Ahmad Ayyaz , Liu Jianjia , Liu Xiaochi , Li Li , Xu Yisheng , Guo Xuhong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAg2O nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using colloidal solution of spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPB) as nano-reactors. In this work, the average diameter of Ag2O NPs was around 10 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite NPs of Ag2O immobilized in SPB (Ag2O-SPB) showed significant absorption in the visible light region as confirmed by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and their photoluminescence (PL) exhibited emission peak in the visible range. Ag2O-SPB has shown outstanding photocatalytic activity during degradation of methyl blue (MB) in the visible light. This work will open up a new way to prepare ideal Ag2O nano-catalyst for the remediation of wastewater using visible light.
Congressional Polarization and Political Trust
Authors: Uslaner Eric M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAmericans have become less trusting of their federal government since the late 1950s. Most accounts of trust in government are based upon the performance of the economy. I argue that two additional factors are essential for understanding the sharp fall in trust in government in recent years: the level of partisan polarization in the Congress (as reflected in the ideological distance between the parties on roll calls) and the inability of Congress to enact legislation (gridlock).
Multiple-Objective Optimal Designs for Studying the Dose Response Function and Interesting Dose Levels
Authors: Hyun Seung Won , Wong Weng Kee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe construct an optimal design to simultaneously estimate three common interesting features in a dose-finding trial with possibly different emphasis on each feature. These features are (1) the shape of the dose-response curve, (2) the median effective dose and (3) the minimum effective dose level. A main difficulty of this task is that an optimal design for a single objective may not perform well for other objectives. There are optimal designs for dual objectives in the literature but we were unable to find optimal designs for 3 or more objectives to date with a concrete application. A reason for this is that the approach for finding a dual-objective optimal design does not work well for a 3 or more multiple-objective design problem.We propose a method for finding multiple-objective optimal designs that estimate the three features with user-specified higher efficiencies for the more important objectives. We use the flexible 4-parameter logistic model to illustrate the methodology but our approach is applicable to find multiple-objective optimal designs for other types of objectives and models. We also investigate robustness properties of multiple-objective optimal designs to mis-specification in the nominal parameter values and to a variation in the optimality criterion. We also provide computer code for generating tailor made multiple-objective optimal designs.
Predictors of quality of life in people with intellectual disability in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Memisevic Haris , Hadzic Selmir , Zecic Sadeta , Mujkanovic Edin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractQuality of life (QOL) of people with intellectual disability is increasingly becoming the target for intervention and a measure of success of different support programs. Knowing the predictors of QOL might make the support programs more effective. In the present study, QOL of 152 persons with intellectual disability was assessed through the personal outcomes scale (POS)-self report. Total score on the POS was used as a dependent variable and age, sex, level of intellectual disability, employment status and marriage status were assessed as the potential predictors of QOL. The statistically significant predictors of QOL were level of intellectual disability and employment status. These predictors explained 19% of variance in POS scores. The results of this study indicate that the strategies aimed at increasing the QOL of people with disability must focus on finding and expanding the employment opportunities for people with intellectual disability. The role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can be very significant in this regard. The article concludes with a discussion of how predictors of QOL outcomes reported by other investigators could be incorporated into the policies and practices of NGOs to enhance person-referenced QOL outcomes.
Evaluation of a leadership and intrapersonal development subject for university students in Hong Kong: findings based on 2 years
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Yu Lu , Zhu Xiaoqin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a general education subject entitled “Tomorrow’s Leaders” using the Student Feedback Questionnaire (SFQ) and student final grades in the subject in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 academic years at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. A total of 1406 and 1283 students in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 academic years, respectively, completed the online SFQ. Results revealed that despite a slight decrease in student ratings in the second year, students generally expressed positive perceptions of the subject over 2 years regarding subject attributes, teacher attributes, and subject benefits. Results also showed consistent faculty differences in students’ satisfaction across 2 years. Students in the Faculty of Applied Science and Textiles and the Faculty of Engineering had more positive evaluations for the subject compared with students from the Faculty of Construction and Environment. Significant relationships amongst the three dimensions of course evaluation as well as between course evaluation and students’ final grade in the subject were also observed. Students’ perception of teacher attributes was a significant predictor for their final grade. The present study demonstrates the favorable effects of the subject on students’ positive development over time.
Ulinastatin – a newer potential therapeutic option for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Atal Sarjana S. , Atal Shubham 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Despite significant improvements in medical and surgical management, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) or multiple organ failure following conditions such as acute pancreatitis, severe sepsis, and traumatic, hemorrhagic, and endotoxin shocks is still accompanied with a high mortality rate. In light of the crucial role of immunologic derangement recently conceptualized in these conditions, ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor, is considered as a potentially beneficial immunomodulator drug for MODS. Mechanisms involving protections against tissue organs and endothelial cell and anti-inflammatory effects by ulinastatin are dependent on the inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived elastase, tumor necrosis factor α, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8). Ulinastatin also suppresses the activation of PMN cells, macrophages, and platelets. Derived from these properties, ulinastatin has been investigated as a potential clinical therapy for indications including shock and pancreatitis and approved in Japan and China with ongoing clinical trials around the globe. Off-label potential uses of ulinastatin have been reported in preterm labor and hematological, hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular diseases including vasculitis syndromes such as Kawasaki disease.
Seeing over the horizon – targeting the endocannabinoid system for the treatment of ocular disease
Authors: Cairns Elizabeth A. , Toguri J. Thomas , Porter Richard F. , Szczesniak Anna-Maria , Kelly Melanie E.M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The observation that marijuana reduces intraocular pressure was made by Hepler and Frank in the 1970s. Since then, there has been a significant body of work investigating cannabinoids for their potential use as therapeutics. To date, no endocannabinoid system (ECS)-modulating drug has been approved for clinical use in the eye; however, recent advances in our understanding of the ECS, as well as new pharmacological tools, has renewed interest in the development of ocular ECS-based therapeutics. This review summarizes the current state-of-affairs for the use of ECS-modulating drugs for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular inflammatory and ischemic disease.
Are the endocannabinoid-like compounds N-acyl aminoacids neuroprotective after traumatic brain injury?
Authors: Mann Aniv , Cohen-Yeshurun Ayelet , Trembovler Victoria , Mechoulam Raphael , Shohami Esther 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In recent years, a library of approx. 70 N-acyl aminoacids (NAAAs) was discovered in the rat brain. A particular member of this family of compounds is arachidonoyl serine (AraS), which has generated special interest as a potential therapy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This is due to its structural similarity to the endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), which was previously shown to be beneficial in the recovery in a closed head injury model of TBI. Indeed, AraS exerted eCB-mediated neuroprotection, which was evident in numerous aspects related to the secondary damage characterizing TBI. These findings promoted broadening of the research to additional compounds of the NAAA family that share a structural similarity to AraS, namely, palmitoyl serine (PalmS) and oleoyl serine. The latter did not exhibit any improvement in recovery, whereas the former displayed some neuroprotection, albeit inferior to 2-AG and AraS, via unknown mechanisms. Interestingly, when a combined treatment of 2-AG, AraS and PalmS was tested, the overall effect on the severity score was inferior to their individual effects, suggesting not only a lack of direct or indirect synergism, but also possibly some spatial hindrance. Taken together, the complexity of the damage caused by TBI and the many open questions concerning the role of the eCB system in health and disease, the findings so far may serve as a small trace to the understanding of the eCB system, as well as of the mechanisms underlying TBI.
The Design of Vibration Sensing System Used for the Internet of Things
Authors: Ji Wei , Ma Xuejie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA vibration sensing system used for the Internet of Things is presented in this paper. Using the distributed feedback fiber lasers (DFB-FL) collects external sound signals and digital phase generated carrier (PGC) method realizes wavelength demodulation. The platform is designed based on an open architecture and B/S (Browser/Server) technology which makes it an ideal platform to be operated under a network environment. The sensing system is no power supply and could be monitored anytime and anywhere which is the requirement of Internet of things.
A first case report of UDP-galactose-4′-epimerase deficiency in China: genotype and phenotype
Authors: Tong Fan , Yang Rulai , Hong Fang , Qian Guling , Jiang Pingping , Gao Rui 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence and genotype-phenotype characteristics of UDP-galactose-4′-epimerase (GALE) deficiency in newborn screening of Chinese population.

Methods: Neonates were screened at the Newborn Screening Center of Zhejiang Province, China for GALE deficiency and their condition was confirmed by testing of the GALE gene and GALE enzyme. Clinical and laboratory follow-up data were recorded.

Results: A total of 350,023 of newborns were screened; of which, the condition of one female neonate was diagnosed with GALE deficiency, accounting for an incidence rate of approximately 1:350,000 in our sample. The patient with GALE deficiency clinically manifested slight increase in levels of blood galactose (122–251 mg/L), glutamyl endopeptidase (61 U/L), total bile acid (17 μmol/L), and lactic acid (1.8 mmol/L). The neonate was fed with lactose-free powdered milk and followed-up to 1 year. Re-examination showed that all biochemical indicators recovered to normal range, whereas physical and mental development appeared normal without cataract change. The genotype of GALE deficiency was identified as compound heterozygous mutations: c.505C>T (p.R169W) and c.452G>A (p.G151D). The latter was a novel mutation. The GALE enzyme value was 42% of control.

Conclusions: GALE deficiency is relatively rare in China. The genotype of compound heterozygous mutations at R169W and G151D clinically manifest as mild-type; it is recommended to limit galactose diet.
Reduced frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of childhood type 1 diabetes in Northwest Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed M. , Al-Maghamsi Mohamed , Al-Harbi Abdullah M. , Eid Ihsan M. , Baghdadi Hussam H. , Habeb Abdelhadi M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRaising the awareness of childhood diabetes symptoms can reduce the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, data on the effectiveness of such interventions are limited. The aim of the study was to describe trends of DKA at onset of childhood T1D during 2005–2014 and assess the impact of a diabetes awareness campaign launched late 2010.Data of children <12 years presented with DKA at diagnosis were analyzed according to age, gender and year of diagnosis. The frequency and severity of DKA before and during the 4 years campaign were compared.During 2005–2014, 44.9% (243/541) of children diagnosed with T1D presented with DKA. Of these, 22.7% had pH <7.1. In both genders DKA was higher in children <6 years (47.8% vs. 40%; p<0.01) and more severe in <3 years old compared to older children (30% vs. 20%; p<0.01). Following the awareness campaign DKA rate dropped from 48% in 2010 to 39% in 2014 and 15.8% had severe DKA compared to 26.1% in 2005–2010 (p<0.01). This trend was observed in both genders and across age groups. In children <3 years the reduction in DKA frequency and severity was not statistically significant (p=0.15 and p=0.42, respectively).In NWSA, the frequency and severity of DKA at onset of childhood T1D were reduced following 4 years awareness campaign; but the rate is still high. Maintaining the campaign may result in further improvement following a longer period of observation.