bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Point-of-Care Lactate in the Prehospital Aeromedical Environment
Authors: Mullen Marie , Cerri Gianluca , Murray Ryan , Talbot Angela , Sanseverino Alexandra , McCahill Peter , Mangolds Virginia , Volturo Jesse , Darling Chad , Restuccia Marc 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionLactate measurement has been used to identify critical medical illness and initiate early treatment strategies. The prehospital environment offers an opportunity for very early identification of critical illness and commencement of care.HypothesisThe investigators hypothesized that point-of-care lactate measurement in the prehospital aeromedical environment would: (1) identify medical patients with high mortality; (2) influence fluid, transfusion, and intubation; and (3) increase early central venous catheter (CVC) placement.MethodsCritically ill, medical, nontrauma patients who were transported from September 2007 through February 2009 by University of Massachusetts (UMass) Memorial LifeFlight, a university-based emergency medical helicopter service, were eligible for enrollment. Patients were prospectively randomized to receive a fingerstick whole-blood lactate measurement on an alternate-day schedule. Flight crews were not blinded to results. Flight crews were asked to inform the receiving attending physician of the results. The primary endpoint was the ability of a high, prehospital lactate value [> 4 millimoles per liter (mmol/L)] to identify mortality. Secondary endpoints included differences in post-transport fluid, transfusion, and intubation, and decrease in time to central venous catheter (CVC) placement. Categorical variables were compared between groups by Fisher's Exact Test, and continuous variables were compared by t-test.ResultsPatients (N = 59) were well matched for age, gender, and acuity. In the lactate cohort (n = 20), mean lactate was 7 mmol/L [Standard error of the mean, SEM = 1]. Initial analysis revealed that prehospital lactate levels of ≥4 mmol/L did show a trend toward higher mortality with an odds ratio of 2.1 (95% CI, 0.3-13.8). Secondary endpoints did not show a statistically significant change in management between the lactate and non lactate groups. There was a trend toward decreased time to post-transport CVC in the non lactate faction.ConclusionPrehospital aeromedical point-of-care lactate measurement levels ≥4 mmol/L may help stratify mortality. Further investigation is needed, as this is a small, limited study. The initial analysis did not find a significant change in post-transport management.MullenM, CerriG, MurrayR, TalbotA, SanseverinoA, McCahillP, MangoldsV, VolturoJ, DarlingC, RestucciaM. Use of point-of-care lactate in the prehospital aeromedical environment. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(1):1-4.
General Household Emergency Preparedness: A Comparison Between Veterans and Nonveterans
Authors: Der-Martirosian Claudia , Strine Tara , Atia Mangwi , Chu Karen , Mitchell Michael N. , Dobalian Aram 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundDespite federal and local efforts to educate the public to prepare for major emergencies, many US households remain unprepared for such occurrences. United States Armed Forces veterans are at particular risk during public health emergencies as they are more likely than the general population to have multiple health conditions.MethodsThis study compares general levels of household emergency preparedness between veterans and nonveterans by focusing on seven surrogate measures of household emergency preparedness (a 3-day supply of food, water, and prescription medications, a battery-operated radio and flashlight, a written evacuation plan, and an expressed willingness to leave the community during a mandatory evacuation). This study used data from the 2006 through 2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a state representative, random sample of adults aged 18 and older living in 14 states.ResultsThe majority of veteran and nonveteran households had a 3-day supply of food (88% vs 82%, respectively) and prescription medications (95% vs 89%, respectively), access to a working, battery-operated radio (82% vs 77%, respectively) and flashlight (97% vs 95%, respectively), and were willing to leave the community during a mandatory evacuation (91% vs 96%, respectively). These populations were far less likely to have a 3-day supply of water (61% vs 52%, respectively) and a written evacuation plan (24% vs 21%, respectively). After adjusting for various sociodemographic covariates, general health status, and disability status, households with veterans were significantly more likely than households without veterans to have 3-day supplies of food, water, and prescription medications, and a written evacuation plan; less likely to indicate that they would leave their community during a mandatory evacuation; and equally likely to have a working, battery-operated radio and flashlight.ConclusionThese findings suggest that veteran households appear to be better prepared for emergencies than do nonveteran households, although the lower expressed likelihood of veterans households to evacuate when ordered to do so may place them at a somewhat greater risk of harm during such events. Further research should examine household preparedness among other vulnerable groups including subgroups of veteran populations and the reasons why their preparedness may differ from the general population.Der-MartirosianC, StrineT, AtiaM, ChuK, MitchellMN, DobalianA. General household emergency preparedness: a comparison between veterans and nonveterans. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(2):1-7.
Shi‘ism, Humanity and Revolution in Twentieth-Century India: Selfhood and Politics in the Husainology of ‘Ali Naqi Naqvi
Authors: JONES JUSTIN 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe story of Imam Husain's martyrdom at Karbala has been told with variant emphases and interpretations in different historical contexts. This article examines one of the most famous modern tellings of this narrative: that of ‘Ali Naqi Naqvi, arguably South Asia's most influential Shi‘imujtahidof the twentieth century. It argues that, from the 1930s–1940s, ‘Ali Naqi pioneered a novel perspective on Imam Husain, establishing him as a model for human comportment and a figure to be actively emulated, both by Shi‘as and by humanity at large. As well as having implications for transformation within Shi‘ism, this reorientation of Husain's significance pre-empted its politicisation: ‘Ali Naqi's message informed the incorporation of Shi‘i symbology within the 1942 Quit India agitation, and in some senses exhibited parallels with the later revolutionary rendering of the Karbala message in 1960s–1970s Iran. It is the range of the religious and political implications to be drawn from Ali Naqi's interpretation that have ensured both the durability, and ongoing controversy, of his Husainology.
Local Nodes of a Transnational Network: a case study of a Shi‘i family in Awadh, 1900–1950
Authors: KHAN MUHAMMAD AMIR AHMAD 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article studies two generations of the Mahmudabad family, which was one of the largest Muslim landholding families in India: Maharaja Sir Muhammad ‘Ali Muhammad Khan and Raja Muhammad Amir Ahmad Khan. The family were Twelver Shi‘as and hailed from Mahmudabad in Awadh. Specifically, it shows how intra-community links of marriage and kinship facilitated a flow of ideas, information and people and therefore created new networks. The article then explores these connections through the example of the Madrasa’t-ul Wa‘izeen, which was founded by the Maharaja and its two main publications,Al-Wa‘iz, an Urdu magazine and the English languageThe Muslim Review. The founding of themadrasaalso demonstrates the importance of ideology, pilgrimage, preaching and their corresponding networks. These relationships are analysed keeping in mind local, national and transnational institutions and the role these played in creating ties between Mahmudabad, Lucknow and the wider Muslim world. This article thus presents a typology of a particular kind of Muslim transnationalism, showing how family, marriage, ideology and the importance of preaching mutually reinforced each other. The larger goal is to show how this family could be both ‘rooted’ in the local while also being part of the transnational Muslim community.
Analysis of the Leishmania peroxin 7 interactions with peroxin 5, peroxin 14 and PTS2 ligands
Authors: Pilar Ana Victoria C. , Strasser Rona , McLean James , Quinn Elizabeth , Cyr Normand , Hojjat Hamed , Kottarampatel Anwer Hasil , Jardim Armando 
Published: March 2014

LPEX7 (Leishmania peroxin 7) is essential for targeting newly synthesized proteins with a PTS2 (peroxisome-targeting signal type 2) import signal into the glycosome. In the present paper, we describe the biophysical characterization of a functional LPEX7 isolated from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Pull-down assays showed that LPEX7 binds the interacting partners LdPEX5 (Leishmania donovani peroxin 5) and LdPEX14, but, more importantly, this receptor can specifically bind PTS2 cargo proteins in the monomeric and dimeric states. However, in the absence of interacting partners, LPEX7 preferentially adopts a tetrameric structure. Mapping studies localized the LdPEX5- and LdPEX14-binding sites to the N-terminal portion of LPEX7. Deletion of the first 52 residues abolished LdPEX14 association without altering the LdPEX5 interaction. Intrinsic fluorescence techniques suggested that each LPEX7 subunit has a single unique binding site for each of the respective interacting partners LdPEX5, LdPEX14 and PTS2 cargo proteins. Extrinsic fluorescence studies with ANS (8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) demonstrated that LPEX7 contains a surface-exposed hydrophobic region(s) that was not altered by the binding of a PTS2 protein or LdPEX5. However, in the presence of these ligands, the accessibility of the hydrophobic domain was dramatically restricted, suggesting that both ligands are necessary to induce notable conformational changes in LPEX7. In contrast, binding of LdPEX14 did not alter the hydrophobic domain on LPEX7. It is possible that the hydrophobic surfaces on LPEX7 may be a crucial characteristic for the shuttling of this receptor in and out of the glycosome.
Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation
Authors: Seemann Torsten 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Summary: The multiplex capability and high yield of current day DNA-sequencing instruments has made bacterial whole genome sequencing a routine affair. The subsequent de novo assembly of reads into contigs has been well addressed. The final step of annotating all relevant genomic features on those contigs can be achieved slowly using existing web- and email-based systems, but these are not applicable for sensitive data or integrating into computational pipelines. Here we introduce Prokka, a command line software tool to fully annotate a draft bacterial genome in about 10 min on a typical desktop computer. It produces standards-compliant output files for further analysis or viewing in genome browsers.
Availability and implementation: Prokka is implemented in Perl and is freely available under an open source GPLv2 license from http://vicbioinformatics.com/ .
Contact: torsten.seemann@monash.edu
Lysis Onset Time as Diagnostic Rotational Thromboelastometry Parameter for Fast Detection of Hyperfibrinolysis
Authors: Dekker Simone Esther , Viersen Victor Alexander , Duvekot Anne , de Jong Merijn , van den Brom Charissa Esmé , van de Ven Peter M. , Schober Patrick , Boer Christa 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background:
Rotational thromboelastometry is increasingly used to detect hyperfibrinolysis, which is a predictor of unfavorable outcome in patients with coagulation disturbances. In an in vitro study, the authors investigated which thromboelastometric hemostatic parameters could be valuable for fast diagnosis of the severity of hyperfibrinolysis and confirmed their findings in a patient population with hyperfibrinolysis.

Methods:
Thromboelastometry was performed after adding increasing concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (0 to 400 ng/ml) to citrated blood samples of 15 healthy volunteers. Lysis parameters included the clotting time, maximum clot firmness, maximum lysis, and lysis onset time (LOT). The relation of tissue plasminogen activator with the LOT was further investigated in a patient population with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and hyperfibrinolysis.

Results:
The LOT showed a dose-dependent association with increasing tissue plasminogen activator concentrations. Late, intermediate, or fulminant hyperfibrinolysis was associated with an average LOT (mean ± SD) of 42.7 ± 13.8, 23.2 ± 8.2, and 17.5 ± 4.6 min in the in vitro study and estimated 42.2 ± 8.3, 29.1 ± 1.2, and 14.6 ± 7.7 min in patients, respectively. The authors found a moderately negative correlation between patient plasma tissue plasminogen activator levels and the LOT (r = −0.67; P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
This study shows that the LOT may be used for fast detection of severe hyperfibrinolysis, with a better resolution than the maximum lysis, and should be further evaluated for optimization of therapeutic strategies in patients with severe clot breakdown.
Rapid Resolution of Milk Protein Intolerance in Infancy
Authors: Lazare Farrah B. , Brand Donald A. , Marciano Tuvia A. , Daum Fredric 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Infants with milk protein intolerance are usually switched to a casein hydrolysate or amino acid–based formula, which they continue to receive until 1 year of age, when they are rechallenged with a cow's‐milk or soy protein formula. To investigate whether some of these infants actually become tolerant sooner, this study gathered preliminary data for establishing an empirical timetable for the resolution of milk protein intolerance.Methods:This prospective, longitudinal cohort study enrolled infants <4 months of age receiving either breast milk or a cow's‐milk or casein hydrolysate formula who presented to a pediatric subspecialty practice during an 18‐month period and had a positive stool guaiac test. After having been successfully switched to a casein hydrolysate or amino acid formula, infants who had guaiac‐negative stools for at least 2 consecutive months were rechallenged with the formula that had necessitated the most recent switch.Results:Of the 25 patients enrolled in the study, 16 completed the food challenge and data collection protocol. Negative stool guaiac tests following rechallenge indicated resolution of milk protein intolerance by the time subjects reached an average age of 6.7 ± 1.0 months (mean ± standard deviation). By the age of 7 months, milk protein intolerance was resolved in 12 of the 16 infants, the remainder having resolved by 10 months.Conclusions:It may be reasonable to treat infants with milk protein intolerance for 2 to 3 months with a hypoallergenic formula, then rechallenge them at 6 months of age, usually without causing recurrence of the hematochezia. Rechallenging before 12 months old could result in cost savings to families and insurers.
Comparison of Light and Electron Microscopy in Measurement of Esophageal Intercellular Space in Children
Authors: Altaf Muhammad A. , Ciecierega Thomas , Szabo Sara , Miranda Adrian , Gorges Christina , Simpson Pippa , Sood Manu R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:A good objective marker of esophageal mucosal damage from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is lacking in children. Increased esophageal epithelial intercellular (EEIC) space measured using electron microscopy (EM) has been proposed as a surrogate of esophageal mucosal damage in adults with GERD. The aim of the present study was to compare EEIC space measured using EM and light microscopy (LM) in children with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) with asymptomatic controls.Methods:Distal esophageal mucosal biopsy was used to measure EEIC space using EM in 35 NERD subjects and 8 controls. In a subset of these patients we used phase contrast LM to measure EEIC space area (26 NERD subjects and 8 controls).Results:The median (range) EEIC space measured using EM in the NERD group was 1.15 (0.74–1.64) μm compared with 0.93 (0.67–1.11) μm in the control group (P = 0.002). The median (range) EEIC space measured using LM was 14.4% (9.6%–26.3%) in the NERD group and 9.6% (8.5%–17.2%) in controls (P = 0.003). Using a cutoff value of 1.02 μm for normal EEIC space measured by EM, we obtained 73% sensitivity and 75% specificity to distinguish the NERD group from the control group, and using a cutoff value of 11.1% for EEIC space measured by LM, we obtained 96% sensitivity and 75% specificity.Conclusions:EEIC space is increased in children with NERD compared with that in controls, suggesting that changes in EEIC space can be a useful marker of esophageal mucosal injury in children with NERD. Our results suggest that the accuracy of EM and LM to evaluate EEIC space changes in NERD is comparable, and LM may be a more cost‐effective option.
Hydrogen peroxide thermochemical oscillator as driver for primordial RNA replication
Authors: Ball Rowena , Brindley John 
Published: March 2014

This paper presents and tests a previously unrecognized mechanism for driving a replicating molecular system on the prebiotic earth. It is proposed that cell-free RNA replication in the primordial soup may have been driven by self-sustained oscillatory thermochemical reactions. To test this hypothesis, a well-characterized hydrogen peroxide oscillator was chosen as the driver and complementary RNA strands with known association and melting kinetics were used as the substrate. An open flow system model for the self-consistent, coupled evolution of the temperature and concentrations in a simple autocatalytic scheme is solved numerically, and it is shown that thermochemical cycling drives replication of the RNA strands. For the (justifiably realistic) values of parameters chosen for the simulated example system, the mean amount of replicant produced at steady state is 6.56 times the input amount, given a constant supply of substrate species. The spontaneous onset of sustained thermochemical oscillations via slowly drifting parameters is demonstrated, and a scheme is given for prebiotic production of complementary RNA strands on rock surfaces.
Linking Gene Expression and Membrane Lipid Composition ofArabidopsis
Authors: Szymanski Jedrzej , Brotman Yariv , Willmitzer Lothar , Cuadros-Inostroza Álvaro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGlycerolipid metabolism of plants responds dynamically to changes in light intensity and temperature, leading to the modification of membrane lipid composition to ensure optimal biochemical and physical properties in the new environment. Although multiple posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms have been reported to be involved in the process, the contribution of transcriptional regulation remains largely unknown. Here, we present an integrative analysis of transcriptomic and lipidomic data, revealing large-scale coordination between gene expression and changes in glycerolipid levels during the Arabidopsis thaliana response to light and temperature stimuli. Using a multivariate regression technique called O2PLS, we show that the gene expression response is strictly coordinated at the biochemical pathway level and occurs in parallel with changes of specific glycerolipid pools. Five interesting candidate genes were chosen for further analysis from a larger set of candidates identified based on their close association with various groups of glycerolipids. Lipidomic analysis of knockout mutant lines of these five genes showed a significant relationship between the coordination of transcripts and glycerolipid levels in a changing environment and the effects of single gene perturbations.
Golgi-Dependent Transport of Vacuolar Sorting Receptors Is Regulated by COPII, AP1, and AP4 Protein Complexes in Tobacco
Authors: Gershlick David C. , Lousa Carine de Marcos , Foresti Ombretta , Lee Andrew J. , Pereira Estela A. , daSilva Luis L.P. , Bottanelli Francesca , Denecke Jurgen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The cycling of vacuolar sorting receptors (VSRs) between early and late secretory pathway compartments is regulated by signals in the cytosolic tail, but the exact pathway is controversial. Here, we show that receptor targeting in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) initially involves a canonical coat protein complex II–dependent endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi bulk flow route and that VSR–ligand interactions in the cis-Golgi play an important role in vacuolar sorting. We also show that a conserved Glu is required but not sufficient for rate-limiting YXXɸ-mediated receptor trafficking. Protein–protein interaction studies show that the VSR tail interacts with the μ-subunits of plant or mammalian clathrin adaptor complex AP1 and plant AP4 but not that of plant and mammalian AP2. Mutants causing a detour of full-length receptors via the cell surface invariantly cause the secretion of VSR ligands. Therefore, we propose that cycling via the plasma membrane is unlikely to play a role in biosynthetic vacuolar sorting under normal physiological conditions and that the conserved Ile-Met motif is mainly used to recover mistargeted receptors. This occurs via a fundamentally different pathway from the prevacuolar compartment that does not mediate recycling. The role of clathrin and clathrin-independent pathways in vacuolar targeting is discussed.
N-Glycosylation of Effector Proteins by an α-1,3-Mannosyltransferase Is Required for the Rice Blast Fungus to Evade Host Innate Immunity
Authors: Chen Xiao-Lin , Shi Tao , Yang Jun , Shi Wei , Gao Xusheng , Chen Deng , Xu Xiaowen , Xu Jin-Rong , Talbot Nicholas J. , Peng You-Liang 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi deploy secreted effectors to suppress plant immunity responses. These effectors operate either in the apoplast or within host cells, so they are putatively glycosylated, but the posttranslational regulation of their activities has not been explored. In this study, the ASPARAGINE-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION3 (ALG3)-mediated N-glycosylation of the effector, Secreted LysM Protein1 (Slp1), was found to be essential for its activity in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. ALG3 encodes an α-1,3-mannosyltransferase for protein N-glycosylation. Deletion of ALG3 resulted in the arrest of secondary infection hyphae and a significant reduction in virulence. We observed that Δalg3 mutants induced massive production of reactive oxygen species in host cells, in a similar manner to Δslp1 mutants, which is a key factor responsible for arresting infection hyphae of the mutants. Slp1 sequesters chitin oligosaccharides to avoid their recognition by the rice (Oryza sativa) chitin elicitor binding protein CEBiP and the induction of innate immune responses, including reactive oxygen species production. We demonstrate that Slp1 has three N-glycosylation sites and that simultaneous Alg3-mediated N-glycosylation of each site is required to maintain protein stability and the chitin binding activity of Slp1, which are essential for its effector function. These results indicate that Alg3-mediated N-glycosylation of Slp1 is required to evade host innate immunity.