bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmentation of Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)‐Specific Lymphocyte Proliferation Responses in Ruminants by Inoculation with BLVenv‐Recombinant Vaccinia Virus: Their Role in the Suppression of BLV Replication
Authors: Ohishi Kazue , Suzuki Hidemi , Yasutomi Yasuhiro , Onuma Misao , Okada Kosuke , Numakunai Shigeru , Ohshima Kan‐ichi , Ikawa Yoji , Sugimoto Masanobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLymphocyte proliferation responses were investigated in sheep and cattle, in which the replication of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) had been known to be suppressed by inoculation with recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV) expressing BLV envelope glycoprotein (gp60). Enhanced lymphocyte proliferation responses were observed in animals inoculated with rVV, regardless of whether they were naive or BLV carriers. These responses were roughly inversely correlated to the growth of BLV in the peripheral blood leukocytes. In contrast, there was no apparent correlation between humoral immune response and BLV growth. Based on these results, it was suggested that rVV rendered its suppressive effect of BLV replication primarily via augmentation of cell‐mediated immunity.
Changes in the Susceptibility of 12‐O‐Tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐Acetate (TPA)‐Treated HL‐60 Cells to Staphylococcal Leukocidin
Authors: Morinaga Naoko , Kato Iwao , Noda Masatoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSusceptibility of human promyelocytic leukemia HL‐60 cells to staphylococcal leukocidin following treatment of cells with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) was examined. TPA treatment for 6 hr rendered the cells very resistant transiently to leukocidin. There was no change in binding of leukocidin to the cells, but leukocidin‐induced 45CaCl2 influx, phospholipase A2 and C activities were inhibited. Further incubation with TPA rendered the cells sensitive again and then more sensitive than original HL‐60 cells following increase of the binding, and leukocidin‐induced activities described above appeared again. Those cells treated with TPA for more than 18 hr started to differentiate to macrophages morphologically and functionally. These data suggest that the differentiated cells were more sensitive than original HL‐60 cells because of increased binding of leukocidin and that treatment of TPA for 6 hr may transiently impair the signal transduction system of leukocidin after binding of leukocidin to the specific receptor of the cell membrane. Using these TPA‐treated cells, it was shown in this report that calcium influx, phospholipase A2 and C activities were important to induce cytotoxic action of leukocidin after binding of leukocidin to specific receptors on the cells.
Detection of Various Variant Verotoxin Genes in Escherichia coli by Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Lin Zaw , Kurazono Hisao , Yamasaki Shinji , Takeda Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe constructed common primers for the polymerase chain reaction to detect the genes for various Verotoxins reported, that is, VT1 (or SLT‐I), VT2 (or SLT‐II), VT2vha, VT2vhb, SLT‐IIv (or VT2vp1, VTe) and SLT‐IIva (or VT2vp2). A total of 80 Verocytotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans, domestic animals and meats gave a positive result by PCR with the designed common primers. Digestion by restriction endonucleases BglII and EcoT14I of the amplicon of the VT2vp2 gene gave specific bands of the expected sizes, but not of the amplicons of other VT genes, suggesting a possible method for identification of the VT2vp2 gene. Application of the PCR with the designed primers in diagnostic and epidemiological studies on VTEC infection is also discussed.
Induction of Acute Arthritis in Mice by Peptidoglycan Derived from Gram‐Positive Bacteria and Its Possible Role in Cytokine Production
Authors: Onta Tokio , Sashida Masami , Fujii Noriyuki , Sugawara Shunji , Rikiishi Hidemi , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe activities of a water‐soluble peptidoglycan fragment derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis (SEPS) were examined as to their role in proliferation of spleen mononuclear cells (SMNC) from various strains of mice, the production of cytokines in vitro, and the induction of an inflammatory reaction in vivo. The proliferation of SMNC from C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, AKR, DBA/2, and ddY mice in reaction to SEPS in vitro showed a peak on day 3 and was greater than that of SMNC from BALB/c mice. The cells of SMNC from C3H/HeN mice responsive to SEPS were indicated to be mainly macrophages. A time kinetics experiment showed a coincidence in the proliferation of SMNC in reaction to SEPS and the detection of colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) activity. Interleukin 2 (IL‐2) activity was not detected during the incubation periods. When SEPS was administered to mice, much stronger mRNA transcripts of granulocyte‐macrophage (GM)‐CSF were detected in the lungs of C3H/HeN mice than in BALB/c mice. On the other hand, the amounts of IL‐1 and PGE2 produced by SMNC of BALB/c mice stimulated by SEPS were greater than those produced in C3H/HeN mice. SEPS was confirmed to induce arthritis in BALB/c mice, but not in C3H/HeN mice. Our findings suggest that the production of GM‐CSF is involved in the in vitro proliferation of SMNC in reaction to SEPS and that along with IL‐1 and PGE2 production, contributes to the inflammation by SEPS in vivo.
The Gene Encoding the Heat‐Stable Enterotoxin of Vibrio cholerae Is Flanked by 123‐Base Pair Direct Repeats
Authors: Ogawa Akira , Takeda Tae 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe heat‐stable enterotoxin (O1‐ST) gene (sto) was cloned from chromosome of the strain GP156 of Vibrio cholerae O1 (Inaba, El Tor) in Escherichia coli K‐12, and its nucleotide seqence was determined. The nucleotide sequence of sto was very similar to that of NAG‐ST gene (stn) of V. cholerae non‐O1. Both sto and stn were flanked by 123‐base pair direct repeats which had at least 93% homology to one another and included some inverted repeats. All the strains of V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. metschnikovii, V. hollisae and Yersinia enterocolitica examined by colony hybridization had the direct repeat sequence regardless of ST‐gene possession.
A Comparative Study on T Cell Receptor Vβ Gene Usages: Spleen Cells from the Non‐Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mouse and Its Non‐Diabetic Sister Strain, the ILI Mouse, and Infiltrating T Cells into Pancreata of NOD Mice
Authors: Koide Yukio , Kaidoh Toshiö , Yanagawa Tatsuo , Yoshida Takato O. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe analyzed the usage of T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ genes of spleen cells of NOD mice in comparison with those of its non‐diabetic sister strain ILI mice which show no insulitis and (ILI × NOD)F1 mice. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method revealed that PCR Vβ repertoires of these mice are indistinguishable. This is consistent with our previous observation that ILI mice share the same H‐2 class II genes with NOD mice. PCR method also revealed that the Vβ transcript of infiltrating T cells into pancreas of NOD mice was not restricted but was rather diverse. The role of TCR repertoire in the development of insulitis was discussed.
Release of Prostaglandin E2 by Human Mononuclear Cells Exposed to Heat‐Killed Salmonella typhi
Authors: Yusof Wan Noraini Wan , Nagaratnam Menaka , Koh Chong‐lek , Puthucheary Savithri , Pang Tikki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHuman mononuclear cells pre‐labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid were shown to release metabolites following in vitro addition of heat‐killed Salmonella typhi (HKST). The amount of label released was significantly higher than that seen with live S. typhi (LST). Addition of increasing amounts of HKST resulted in an increased release of metabolites. Enzyme immunoassay of the culture supernatants revealed that the bulk of the metabolite released was prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) were not detectable in the culture supernatants. The significance and implications of these results are discussed.
The Structure of the Chloramphenicol Resistance Gene on a Transferable R Plasmid from the Fish Pathogen, Pasteurella piscicida
Authors: Kim Eun‐heui , Aoki Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe chloramphenicol resistance gene (pp‐cat) was cloned from a transferable R plasmid of Pasteurella piscicida, pSP9351, and the sequence of the gene was determined. Subcloning and deletion analysis localized the resistance gene, pp‐cat, to within a 2.3 kb HincII‐BamHI fragment. The fragment as a probe hybridized with the type I chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and did not hybridize to CAT types II, III, and CAT‐VA. The fragment hybridized to transferable R plasmids encoded with resistance to chloramphenicol, which were detected from P. piscicida isolated in different years. Nucleotide sequences of the coding and flanking regions of pp‐cat (2031 bp) identified an open reading frame coding type I CAT of a molecular mass of about 25,000 Da. Comparison analysis of the sequences outside the cat open reading frame showed also that pp‐cat has homology, in part, with the gene that coding for the endonuclease EcoRII and those that flank the cat gene derived from the Acinetobacter baumannii chromosome.
Japanese Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Are Negative for Known Retrovirus Infections
Authors: Honda Mitsuo , Kitamura Katsuhiko , Nakasone Tadashi , Fukushima Yoshiko , Matsuda Shunji , Nishioka Kusuya , Matsuda Juzo , Hashimoto Nobuya , Yamazaki Shudo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is known to be the syndrome that begins with an acute flu‐like illness that may be due to the exposure to an infectious agent, there has been no convincing evidence on the causative agents. Recently, human T‐lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV‐II)‐like virus has been reported to be associated with the CFS by using HTLV Western blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction. However, some investigators could not detect HTLV‐II by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. Lately, CFS patients have been reported in Japan. We detected all 30 tested patients with CFS were seronegative for HTLV‐II, HTLV‐I and HIV by specific peptide ELISA and Western blot. Further, PCR analysis was negative for HTLV‐II and retrovirus was not detected by coculture method with patients' PBMC. Thus, known human retrovirus infections do not cause a CFS in Japan.
Characterization of Vibrio cholerae O139 Synonym Bengal Isolated from Patients with Cholera‐Like Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Higa Naomi , Honma Yasuko , Albert M. John , Iwanaga Masaaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractVibrio cholerae O139 (synonym Bengal), a novel serovar of V. cholerae, is the causative agent of large outbreaks of cholera‐like illness currently sweeping India and Bangladesh. Eight randomly selected V. cholerae O139 isolates were studied for their biological properties, which were compared with those of V. cholerae O1 and other V. cholerae non‐O1. The V. cholerae O139 isolates were characterized by the production of large amount of cholera toxin, hemagglutination, weak hemolytic properties, resistance to polymyxin B, lysogeny with, and production of, kappa type phage (4/8 isolates only), and resistance to both classical and El Tor‐specific phages. Thus, V. cholerae O139 isolates had an overall similarity with V. cholerae O1 El Tor.
Effect of Heparin on Hemagglutinin of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
Authors: Noda Masahiro , Inaba Yuji , Seno Masato , Kanamoto Yasuo , Tokumoto Shizuyo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHeparin inhibited the hemagglutinin activity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1. The minimal inhibitory concentration of heparin required to inhibit 8 hemagglutination (HA) U of HSV ranged from 0.005 to 0.01 U/ml. Mouse erythrocytes failed to combine with the HA inhibitory factor of heparin. On the other hand, mouse erythrocytes treated with heparinase had greatly reduced agglutinability by HSV. Virus‐heparin complex formation was observed by sedimenting heparin with the virus particles.
Dual Infection of HIV‐1 and HTLV‐I in South India: A Study on a Patient with AIDS‐Related Complex
Authors: Koyanagi Yoshio , Yoshida Tsutomu , Suzuki Michihiko , Uma Alagappan , Ananthasubramaniam Lalitha , Ramajayam Subbiah , Yamamoto Naoki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA dually HIV‐and HTLV‐infected ARC patient was found by serological studies in South India. These viruses were isolated and molecular study showed that the patient had both HIV‐1 and HTLV‐I but not HIV‐2 and HTLV‐II. In addition to this, 9 other dually infected persons which include another full‐blown AIDS case have been identified as on July 1993 in South India. Our findings provide an opportunity to clarify geographical distribution of these human retroviruses.
Cholera Toxin (Choleragen) ‐ Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Interactions: Effect on Migration in Vitro and FcγR ‐ Dependent Phagocytic and Bactericidal Activity
Authors: Niemialtowski Marek , Klucinski Wlodzimierz , Malicki Konrad , De Faundez Irma Spohr 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPMNL leukocytosis is a feature common to many types of infectious and inflammatory diseases. How PMNL are recruited to tissues is not yet clear although it is a question that has considerable clinical importance. We investigated the function of PMNL which migrated through an artificial barrier (Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, collagen and nylon cloth membrane) subjected to CT or choleragenoid treatment toward plain medium (the same RPMI in the upper and lower chamber) or medium containing chemotactic factor (fMLP or LPS or ZAS). CT treatment significantly (P<0.01) reduced the FcγR expression on the surface of PMNL. The PMNL functions, namely, migration, phagocytic activity and intracellular killing of staphylococci, also have been reduced significantly (P<0.01). FcγR expression and some functions of PMNL that migrate to chemoattractants were reduced, irrespective of the presence or absence of CT; however, the inhibitory effect of CT on PMNL function was observed only when PMNL migrate to the lower chamber without chemotactic factor. On the other hand choleragenoid treatment of CHO cells did not have any significant influence on PMNL function and FcγR expression. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrate that CT reduces EAFc rosetting and the FcγR‐dependent phagocytic and bactericidal activity of bovine blood PMNL.
Effects of Cytochalasins B and D on Staphylococcus aureus Adherence to and Ingestion by Mouse Renal Cells from Primary Culture
Authors: Murai Miyo , Seki Keiko , Sakurada Junji , Usui Akemi , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCytochalasin B (CB) and cytochalasin D (CD), inhibitors of microfilament function of host cell, were examined for their effects on Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I adherence to and ingestion by several types of the hyperosmolarity‐tolerant (HOT) cells obtained from primary culture of mouse kidney. Staphylococcal adherence to the HOT cells with epithelial appearance was extraordinarily enhanced by the treatment of those cells with both 5 μg/ml of CB and CD. In particular, staphylococci adhered to the periphery rather than the center of each cytochalasintreated cell. Staphylococcal ingestion by all types of the HOT cells was markedly inhibited by CD in spite of the enhanced adherence. Contrary to our expectation, inhibition by CB was incomplete, and the enhanced adherence of staphylococci to CB‐treated cells resulted in the enhanced ingestion.
Genetic Transformation in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Tsuda Masataka , Karita Mikio , Nakazawa Teruo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenetic transformation in Helicobacter pylori was investigated by using its chromosomal and plasmid DNAs. Six out of the eight strains exhibited the natural competence for incorporation of H. pylori chromosomal DNA, and all the strains incorporated the donor DNA efficiently by washing and concentrating the cells, with a glycerol solution. The much higher frequency of transformation was obtained in each strain by means of electroporation. Electroporation experiments were also conducted by use of the recombinant DNAs consisting of the H. pylori and Escherichia coli plasmids as the donors, and the occurrence of the homologous recombination was demonstrated between the incoming H. pylori plasmid‐derived region and the corresponding region of the originally residing plasmid in H. pylori.
Drug Resistance and Broad Geographical Distribution of Identical R Plasmids of Pasteurella piscicida Isolated from Cultured Yellowtail in Japan
Authors: Kim Eun‐Heui , Aoki Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn MIC test of 12 chemotherapeutic agents performed on 175 strains of Pasteurella piscicida collected from cultured yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) in different areas of Japan from 1989 to 1991 revealed 152 strains (87%) with resistance to combinations of ampicillin (AP), chloramphenicol (CP), kanamycin (KM), nalidixic acid (NA), sulfamonomethoxine (SA), tetracycline (TC), and/or trimethoprim (TMP). The remaining 23 strains were sensitive to all the drugs tested: AP, cefazolin, CP, florfenicol (FF), furazolidone, KM, NA, novobiocin, SA, streptomycin, TC, and TMP. FF showed the most effective antibacterial activity against P. piscicida with MICs ranging from 0.004 to 0.6 μg/ml. One hundred and forty‐nine of the 152 resistant strains carried transferable R plasmids encoding one of the Cp Km Sa Tc, Km Sa Tc, Km Sa, and Sa resistance. The most common resistance marker of transferable R plasmids identified in P. piscicida was Km Sa Tc. R plasmids encoding three different resistant markers were very similar on the basis of their digestion patterns with restriction endonucleases. There was homology among the DNAs of nine transferable R plasmids selected. Our findings suggest that multiple drug resistant strains of P. piscicida carrying transferable R plasmids with the same DNA structure are common in yellowtail farms and that the R plasmid has been retained within the P. piscicida population without change in their DNA structure according to geography and year.
Release of the Outer Membrane Vesicles from Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Kondo Katsuhiko , Takade Akemi , Amako Kazunobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe found numerous small vesicles released from the cell by thin sectioning of the plate culture of Vibrio cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus fixed with the freeze‐substitution technique. From the broth media of exponentially growing bacteria we could collect the vesicles by the centrifugation but not enough without fixation. The vesicles are encompassed with a membrane structure similar to the outer membrane of these bacteria. The anti‐O (Inaba) serum reacted with the surface of the vesicles and the inside of the vesicle are generally filled with an electron‐dense mass.
Age‐Associated Increase of CD5+ B Cells in the Liver of Autoimmune (NZB × NZW) F1 Mice
Authors: Ohteki Toshiaki , Abo Toru , Kusumi Akinori , Sasaki Takeshi , Shibata Shinobu , Seki Shuhji , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe liver has been demonstrated to be a major site for extrathymic differentiation of T cells. In this study, an identification of CD5+ B cells, which are responsible for the onset of autoimmune disease by virtue of autoantibody production, was performed in autoimmune (NZB × NZW) F1 mice. An age‐associated increase of CD5+ B cells was demonstrated in the liver of these mice. Although CD5+ B cells (i.e., CD5+IgM+ and CD5+B220+) constituted a minor population of hepatic mononuclear cells (MNC) (<5%) when mice were young (8 weeks), a large population of CD5+ B cells (10 to 30% of whole MNC) was identified in the liver of mice aged 25 to 30 weeks after the onset of disease. Such age‐dependent increase of CD5+ B cells was not observed in any other strains including NZB, NZW, C3H/He and BALB/c mice. The phenotype of hepatic CD5+ B cells was the same as that of CD5+ B cells in the peritoneal cavity and spleen, showing dull‐CD5, bright‐IgM and dull‐B220. High levels of CD5+ B cells were observed in the peritoneal cavity and liver, but not in the spleen nor in any other lymphoid organs in mice aged 30 weeks. Radioimmunoassay of autoantibodies in the 5‐day culture supernatants demonstrated that hepatic MNC were unable to produce any amounts of IgM‐ and IgG‐autoantibodies against double‐stranded DNA and single‐stranded DNA, despite the increased proportion of CD5+ B cells. On the other hand, peritoneal exudate cells produced only IgM‐, but not IgG‐, autoantibodies, whereas splenic cells were able to produce both IgM‐ and IgG‐autoantibodies. These results suggest that the liver might support the generation of the most primitive CD5+ B cells in these mice and that such generation increases as a function of age, probably resulting in the onset of autoimmune disease.
Development and Evaluation of Capture Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Detection of Immunoglobulin G and M Antibodies to Group A Streptococcal Antigens
Authors: Hayashi Shunji , Yokota Kenji , Takizawa Yoshihiko , Tomizawa Isao , Nejime Tetsuya , Oguma Keiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCapture enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to detect immunoglobulin G and M antibodies to group A streptococcal (GAS) antigens, streptolysin O, streptokinase, and group A carbohydrate. The sensitivities and the specificities of the IgM capture ELISAs to each GAS antigen were high enough to distinguish the patients with GAS infections (diagnosed as GAS pharyngitis or scarlet fever) from the control groups (healthy people and patients with pharyngitis from whom GAS could not be isolated). On the other hand, the specificities of the IgG capture ELISAs were not very effective in diagnosis of GAS infections. When the capture ELISA and an indirect ELISA detecting IgM antibodies to group A carbohydrate were compared, false‐positive reactions due to rheumatoid factor occurred in the indirect ELISA, but did not occur in the capture ELISA. These results indicate that the capture ELISA works better than the indirect ELISA in detecting the IgM antibody, and that the IgM capture ELISA to GAS antigen provides a rapid and highly reliable serodiagnosis for GAS infections employing only a single serum.
Isolation of Scrapie Agent from the Placenta of Sheep with Natural Scrapie in Japan
Authors: Onodera Takashi , Ikeda Toshio , Muramatsu Yasukazu , Shinagawa Morikazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA five‐month‐pregnant Suffolk sheep histologically diagnosed as spontaneous scrapie was studied. Western blot analysis was performed with rabbit serum against the sheep scrapie‐associated fibrils (SAF). In the proteinase K (pk)‐treated parental brain and spleen samples, three major bands (15 K, 18 K, and 23 K) were detected. These major bands were not detected from the placenta. Infectious agents were isolated in mice from the brain samples but not from the placental homogenates. In another case of a three‐month‐pregnant Corriedale sheep without any clinical sign of, but histologically diagnosed as scrapie, was also studied in a similar approach. In the parental brain samples, three major bands (15 K, 18 K and 23 K) were detected. SAF protein was not detected in the parental spleen and placenta. No bands reactive with the antiserum were detected in any other samples from the fetal brain and spleen in both cases. However, infectious agents were isolated in mice from both brain and placental homogenates. Since the placenta is an important site of natural infection, it is worthwhile to study these tissues for the epidemiological study of scrapie infection.