bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of survival rate and athletic ability after nonsurgical or surgical treatment of cleft palate in horses: 55 cases (1986–2008)
Authors: Murray Shannon J. , Elce Yvonne A. , Woodie J. Brett , Embertson Rolf M. , Robertson James T. , Beard Warren L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine survival rate and athletic ability after nonsurgical or surgical treatment of cleft palate in horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—55 horses with cleft palate.
Procedures—13 of the 55 horses died or were euthanized without treatment and were not included in all analyses. Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, method of diagnosis, soft or hard palate involvement, type of surgical procedure performed, postoperative complications, and survival to hospital discharge. Information on athletic ability was acquired from race records and follow-up conversations with owners, trainers, or referring veterinarians.
Results—The predominant reason for initial evaluation was milk or feed in the nostrils (60%). The diagnosis was confirmed by means of videoendoscopy of the upper portion of the airway in all cases. Most cases involved the soft palate only (92.7%). Twenty-six of the 55 (47.3%) horses underwent surgical repair, and 12 of these had dehiscence at the caudal edge of the soft palate. Among potential racehorses, 14 of 33 had surgery. Of these, 12 of 14 survived to discharge and 2 horses raced. Among potential racehorses, 10 of 33 were discharged without surgery and 2 of these raced. Among nonracehorses, 12 of 22 underwent surgery and 11 survived to discharge. All horses that were discharged and for which follow-up information was available survived to 2 years of age or older without ill thrift despite dehiscence at the caudal edge of the soft palate and continued mild nasal discharge.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Horses with cleft palate had a higher survival rate than previously reported.
Mechanism of rhodamine 6G molecular aggregation in montmorillonite colloid
Authors: Lofaj Marcel , Valent Ivan , Bujdák Juraj 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Stopped-flow mixing device and visible absorption spectroscopy were used for the analysis of dye rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecular aggregation in the colloids based on Na-saturated montmorillonite. Two stages of the reaction were identified: The first stage was very short and taking only several seconds, involving the adsorption of R6G cations and their initial aggregation on the surface of colloid particles. The initially formed J-aggregates exhibited similar spectral properties as monomeric form of R6G. In the second stage, initially formed aggregates converted to sandwich-type H-aggregates absorbing light at significantly lower wavelengths and adsorbed monomers. The aggregate rearrangement took several hours. Monomers, with the spectral properties identical to R6G solution, were also identified as a component in complex spectra using principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Partial bleaching of the dye was also proven. Reaction kinetics of the rearrangement of the aggregates followed the model considering a complex mechanism of the molecular aggregation. Data fits using stretched-exponential function led to the determination of rate constants, which had been in the range 10−3−4×10−3s−1.
Antioxidant and chemical properties of Inula helenium root extracts
Authors: Spiridon Iuliana , Nechita Constantin , Niculaua Marius , Silion Mihaela , Armatu Alice , Teacă Carmen-Alice , Bodîrlău Ruxanda 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The objective of the paper was to investigate the chemical composition of Inula helenium roots extracts and to evaluate the antioxidant potential conferred by the chemical constituents. GC/MS and HPLC/MS techniques were used to characterize two extracts separated from Inula helenium roots by extraction with chloroform and ethyl acetate, respectively. Volatile compounds have been identified by GC from their mass spectra and retention time values, while HPLC identification of phenolic compounds was realized by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of standards or literature data. Measurements of antioxidant activity of Inula helenium root extracts showed a variation between them, which can be correlated with the flavonoid and total phenolic contents. Both Inula helenium root extracts contain phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, dicaffeoyl quinic, hydroxibenzoic), terpenes (alantolactone) and different flavonoids (epicatechin, catechin gallate, ferulic acid-4-O-glucoside, dihydroquercetin pentosyl rutinoside, kaempherol-7-O-dipentoside, quercetin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside). In addition, the study provides preliminary data on the anti-inflammatory activity of Inula helenium root extracts, this being evaluated using the fresh egg albumin as phlogistic agent, and aspirin as reference compound. Root extracts of I. helenium did not exert any significant anti-inflammatory effect on egg albumin-induced rat paw edema.
Use of direct immersion solid-phase microextraction on polyacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane stationary phases for simultaneous determination of the neutral and basic pharmaceuticals in wastewater
Authors: Kotowska Urszula , Bieńczyk Katarzyna 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction has been optimized and applied to the simultaneous determination of the neutral and basic pharmaceuticals: caffeine, carbamazepine, clomipramine, chlorprothixene and clotrimazole at low concentrations in municipal wastewater. Two absorption type stationary phases: polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylate (PA) have been found to be most effective for extraction of target analytes. The separation and detection were carried out by gas chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer working in the selected ion monitoring mode. The method was validated for linearity, detection and quantitation limits, selectivity and precision. The average correlation coefficient of the calibration curves was 0.9933. The LOD values in influent and effluent wastewater were in the range of 10–145 ng L−1 and 4–111 ng L−1, respectively, which were a bit higher than those in the deionized water due to matrix effect. The high values of distribution coefficient (K fs ) in PDMS/water and PA/water systems (log K fs between 3.05 and 4.23) indicates the very high applicability of these stationary phases for determination of carbamazepine, clomipramine, chlorprothixene and clotrimazole in water samples.
Implementation of PLS discriminant analysis to rank indirubin derivatives against decoys
Authors: Crisan Luminita , Pacureanu Liliana , Avram Sorin , Bora Alina , Kurunczi Ludovic 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) is employed to obtain novel combinations of energetic terms present in classical scoring functions, which exceed and compensates the “traditional” consensus scheme. These novel scoring functions were involved to rank the database of indirubin inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and cyclin dependent kinase-2 decoys from Directory of Useful Decoys. The ability of docking-scoring algorithm to prioritize the actives is assessed by means of several metrics. The best classification function includes donor component of Chemgauss2, steric contribution from Chemgauss3 and rotatable bond term of ScreenScore and provide significant improvement of enrichment factor at 5% of database.
Radio-echo sounding and ice volume estimates of western Nordenskiöld Land glaciers, Svalbard
Authors: Martín-Español A. , Vasilenko E.V. , Navarro F.J. , Otero J. , Lapazaran J.J. , Lavrentiev I. , Macheret Y.Y. , Machío F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAs part of ongoing work to obtain a reliable estimate of the total ice volume of Svalbard glaciers and their potential contribution to sea-level rise, we present here volume calculations, with detailed error estimates, for ten glaciers on western Nordenskiöld Land, central Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The volume estimates are based upon a dense net of GPR-retrieved ice thickness data collected over several field campaigns spanning the period 1999-2012. The total area and volume of the ensemble are 116.06 ± 4.53 km2 and 10.439 ±0.373 km3, respectively, while the individual areas, volumes and average ice thickness lie within 2.6-50.4 km2, 0.08-5.54 km3 and 29-108 m, respectively. Volume/area scaling relationships overestimate the total volume of these glaciers by up to 35% with respect to our calculation. On the basis of the pattern of scattering in the radargrams, we also analyse the hydrothermal structure of these glaciers. Nine of the ten are polythermal, while only one is entirely cold.
Le rôle du processus de fonctionnalité dans la professionnalisation et le développement professionnel des enseignants
Authors: Huard Valérie 
Published: July 2013

C’est à partir d’un module de formation en master destiné à la formation des enseignants et intitulé « projet personnel de développement professionnel » que nous nous proposons d’interroger le processus de fonctionnalité engendré. Ce processus se définit comme la conscientisation par les formés de l’articulation de la théorie à la pratique dans la construction de leurs compétences. Après avoir décrit le contexte dans lequel ce module est proposé aux étudiants et précisé le modèle de développement en référence aux théories du développement (Super, 1953 ; Huberman, 1989), nous montrerons d’abord comment 79 étudiants se sont auto-évalués en termes de compétences professionnelles en pratiquant notamment une autobiographie écrite à propos de ces compétences. Nous analysons ensuite l’évolution de cette auto-évaluation après les deux stages pour explorer l’articulation de la théorie à la pratique construite par les formés dans le processus de fonctionnalité. Nous ouvrirons la réflexion aux futures formations d’enseignants, la finalité étant de ne pas utiliser les processus observés pour construire des modalités de formation mais les envisager comme une propédeutique au développement professionnel des formés.
Les enjeux de la sécurité de l'information dans le monde économique
Authors: Deville de Periere Dominique 
Published: July 2013

J’ai choisi d’axer mon propos sur une réflexion autour de ce que l’on peut appeler : les enjeux de sécurité de l’information dans le monde économique. C’est ce que les étudiants abordent au cours de leurs études sous le vocable « d’intelligence économique ». Ce concept, assez récent, aborde l’exploitation d’informations utiles destinées aux acteurs économiques et présente une fonction stratégique pour les entreprises ; sa finalité c’est la compétitivité et la sécurité de l’économie de votre pays. Classification JEL : L86M15, D83, D80, O33
Engagement international et pratiques de veille stratégique : cas des PME exportatrices
Authors: Laghzaoui Soulaimane , Monnoyer-Longé Marie-Christine 
Published: July 2013

Cet article propose un model conceptuel des pratiques de veille stratégique (VS) des PME exportatrices et leur relation avec le niveau d’engagement à l’international. Les résultats montrent que la sensibilité à l’information des dirigeants, influencée par le niveau d’engagement international de leur entreprise, joue un rôle central dans l’organisation de leurs pratiques de veille stratégique. Notre étude porte sur les PME exportatrices québécoises et a utilisé la méthode PLS (Partial Least Squares, méthode des moindres carrés partiels) pour la vérification de nos hypothèses de recherche. Classification JEL : D83, L32, L26, C12
Les TIC un outil indispensable pour une démarche d'intelligence économique
Authors: Monino Jean-Louis , Sedkaoui Soraya 
Published: July 2013

Face à une forte évolution tant sur le plan technologique qu’économique, les entreprises doivent être à l’écoute de leur environnement. Ce dernier a donné naissance à ce qu’on appelle société de ‘information, dans laquelle la gestion et la rapidité de l’information sont devenues déterminantes en matière de compétitivité. Dans ce nouvel ordre de l’information les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) représentent une source d’information de plus en importante pour l’entreprise, vu leur place dans la maitrise des changements contemporains. Notre article se focaliser sur le rôle des TIC dans une démarche d’intelligence économique (IE), en tant que source permettant d’accéder à l’information, de la collecter et de la maitriser pour se positionner dans une perspective de performance. Classification JEL : L86, M15, D83, O33, M21
Tensions normatives et rapport des femmes à la contraception dans 4 pays africains
Authors: Bajos Nathalie , Teixeira Maria , Adjamagbo Agnès , Ferrand Michèle , Guillaume Agnès , Rossier Clémentine 
Published: July 2013

Les analyses classiques sur les obstacles au recours à la contraception en Afrique se centrent sur la valeur sociale attribuée à une fécondité élevée, la peur des effets secondaires et l’accès à l’offre. Cet article caractérise l’ensemble des situations qui peuvent être à l’origine d’une grossesse non prévue et identifie les logiques sociales qui en favorisent la survenue. Deux cents entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés dans les capitales du Burkina Faso, du Ghana, du Maroc et du Sénégal en 2006-2007 dans le cadre de l’enquête Emergency Contraception in Africa (ECAF). Les analyses montrent que le respect simultané des normes procréatives et des normes en matière de sexualité, où domine un double standard qui prône l’interdit de la sexualité prémaritale pour les jeunes filles et le primat du plaisir sexuel masculin, favorise les rapports sexuels où la contraception n’est pas ou mal utilisée. Les facteurs sont relativement semblables dans les quatre pays ; toutefois le degré de rigidité des normes concernées diffère d’un pays à l’autre, notamment en matière de sexualité préconjugale. Finalement, la question d’une pratique efficace de la contraception va bien au-delà des « besoins non satisfaits », concept central dans la littérature qui se focalise sur la non-utilisation de la contraception.
Les théories migratoires contemporaines au prisme des textes fondateurs
Authors: Piché Victor 
Published: July 2013

L’objectif de cet article est de rendre compte de l’évolution des théories migratoires contemporaines à partir de 20 textes fondateurs et regroupés pour la première fois dans un manuel (Piché V., 2013, Les théories de la migration , Ined). Ils sont à l’origine d’avancées significatives dans l’explication des migrations, leurs causes et leurs effets. On voit ainsi se développer des théories qui, privilégiant d’abord des approches micro-individuelles centrées sur l’analyse coût-bénéfice, vont peu à peu intégrer les facteurs macro-structurels. L’analyse des réseaux migratoires occupe une place centrale aussi bien dans les cadres explicatifs que dans les travaux à propos des effets de la migration sur le développement économique. L’approche en termes de rapports de genre dans les décisions migratoires complète cette analyse. Le cadre analytique proposé ici présente la migration comme un phénomène multifactoriel et multidimensionnel, qui intègre trois dimensions principales : l’origine et la destination ; les niveaux d’analyse micro, méso, macro et global ; les aspects économiques, sociaux et politiques. Plutôt que de s’opposer, chaque approche apporte un éclairage spécifique et toute explication des phénomènes migratoires doit en tenir compte, ainsi que l’élaboration et l’évaluation des politiques migratoires.
Staphylococcal Ecb Protein and Host Complement Regulator Factor H Enhance Functions of Each Other in Bacterial Immune Evasion
Authors: Amdahl Hanne , Jongerius Ilse , Meri Taru , Pasanen Tanja , Hyvärinen Satu , Haapasalo Karita , van Strijp Jos A. , Rooijakkers Suzan H. , Jokiranta T. Sakari 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing more than a tenth of all septicemia cases and often superficial and deep infections in various tissues. One of the immune evasion strategies of S. aureus is to secrete proteins that bind to the central complement opsonin C3b. One of these, extracellular complement binding protein (Ecb), is known to interfere directly with functions of C3b. Because C3b is also the target of the physiological plasma complement regulator, factor H (FH), we studied the effect of Ecb on the complement regulatory functions of FH. We show that Ecb enhances acquisition of FH from serum onto staphylococcal surfaces. Ecb and FH enhance mutual binding to C3b and also the function of each other in downregulating complement activation. Both Ecb and the C-terminal domains 19–20 of FH bind to the C3d part of C3b. We show that the mutual enhancing effect of Ecb and FH on binding to C3b depends on binding of the FH domain 19 to the C3d part of C3b next to the binding site of Ecb on C3d. Our results show that Ecb, FH, and C3b form a tripartite complex. Upon exposure of serum-sensitive Haemophilus influenzae to human serum, Ecb protected the bacteria, and this effect was enhanced by the addition of the C-terminal domains 19–20 of FH. This finding indicates that the tripartite complex formation could give additional protection to bacteria and that S. aureus is thereby able to use host FH and bacterial Ecb in a concerted action to eliminate C3b at the site of infection.
A DSGE Model for a SOE with Systematic Interest and Foreign Exchange Policies in Which Policymakers Exploit the Risk Premium for Stabilization Purposes
Authors: Escudé Guillermo J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper builds a DSGE model for a small open economy (SOE) in which the central bank intervenes the domestic currency bond and FX markets using two policy rules: a Taylortype rule and a rule that determines the rate of nominal depreciation. The 2 ‘corner’ regimes, in which only one policy rule is used, are particular cases. The model is calibrated and implemented in Dynare for simple and optimal simple policy rules, and optimal policy under commitment. Numerical losses are obtained for ad-hoc loss functions for different sets of central bank preferences. The results show that the losses are lower when both policy rules are used. This is due to the central bank’s enhanced ability, when it uses the two policy rules, to influence private capital flows through the effects of its actions on the endogenous risk premium in the risk-adjusted uncovered interest parity equation.
Indication for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
Authors: Sauer K. , Winkler B. , Eyrich M. , Schlegel P. G. , Wiegering V. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryGlanzmann’s thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a lack of thrombocyte aggregation due to the absence of thrombocyte glycoproteins IIb and αIIbβ3. The role of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in GT remains controversial. However, HSCT offers the only curative approach for patients with a severe clinical phenotype.In this review, we will discuss the limitation of current status evidence and the specific risk of GT, in particular the alloimmunization and refractoriness to thrombocyte infusions. 19 successful HSCT in 18 GT type I patients have been reported. Mean age at transplantation was 5 years. All patients are still alive. The majority received sibling bone marrow transplant with busulfan and cyclophosphamid conditioning. GvHD incidence was within the normal range, but 10 patients showed alloimmunization of thrombocytes. Median follow up is 25 months.
Oxidative aromatische Kupplung und Scholl‐Reaktion im Vergleich
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Skonieczny Kamil , Butenschön Holger , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLäuft die durch AlCl3 bei hoher Temperatur und auch durch FeCl3, MoCl5, PIFA oder K3[Fe(CN)6] bei Raumtemperatur vermittelte, dehydrierende Kupplung aromatischer Verbindungen in allen Fällen nach dem gleichen Mechanismus ab? Durch die wachsende Bedeutung der Synthese aromatischer Verbindungen durch doppelte C‐H‐Aktivierung, die zu unterschiedlichen Biarylen führt, wird diese Frage dringlicher. Da einige dieser Reaktionen nur in Gegenwart nichtoxidierender Lewis‐Säuren ablaufen und andere nur in Gegenwart bestimmter Oxidationsmittel, wagen die Autoren die Hypothese, dass abhängig von der elektronischen Struktur der Substrate und der Natur des “Katalysators” zwei unterschiedliche Mechanismen ablaufen können. Der eine verläuft über ein Radikalkation als Intermediat, der andere über die Bildung eines Sigma‐Komplexes zwischen Säure und Substrat. Das Ziel dieses Aufsatzes ist es, weitere mechanistische Studien anzuregen, die zu einem eingehenden Verständnis dieses Phänomens führen sollen.
Comparison of Oxidative Aromatic Coupling and the Scholl Reaction
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Skonieczny Kamil , Butenschön Holger , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDoes the dehydrogenative coupling of aromatic compounds mediated by AlCl3 at high temperatures and also by FeCl3, MoCl5, PIFA, or K3[Fe(CN)6] at room temperature proceed by the same mechanism in all cases? With the growing importance of the synthesis of aromatic compounds by double CH activation to give various biaryl structures, this question becomes pressing. Since some of these reactions proceed only in the presence of non‐oxidizing Lewis acids and some only in the presence of certain oxidants, the authors venture the hypothesis that, depending on the electronic structure of the substrates and the nature of the “catalyst”, two different mechanisms can operate. One involves the intermediacy of a radical cation and the other the formation of a sigma complex between the acid and the substrate. The goal of this Review is to encourage further mechanistic studies hopefully leading to an in‐depth understanding of this phenomenon.
One‐pot synthesized poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) blended with poly(ether sulfone) to prepare blood‐compatible membranes
Authors: Li Jie , Nie Shengqiang , Wang Lingren , Sun Shudong , Ran Fen , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, a random copolymer of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone‐co‐methyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) was synthesized via a one‐pot reaction with the reversible addition–fragmentation chain‐transfer method and was then blended with poly(ether sulfone) (PES) to prepare flat‐sheet membranes that were expected to have anticoagulant and antifouling properties. The synthesized copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weights and molecular weight distributions were determined by gel permeation chromatography. Elemental analysis was used to calculate the molar ratios of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and acrylic acid (AA) in the copolymer. A liquid–liquid phase‐inversion technique was used to prepare the copolymer‐blended PES membranes. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance–FTIR spectroscopy were used to investigate the copolymer on the membrane surfaces. Compared with the pristine PES membrane, the modified PES membranes showed improved hydrophilicity, low hemolysis ratios, decreased protein adsorption, and suppressed platelet adhesion. Furthermore, the thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time indicated that the blood compatibility of the modified PES membranes were improved. The results of the 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the cell morphology suggested that the cytocompatibility increased. In addition, the modified membranes showed good protein antifouling properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 4284–4298, 2013