bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opinion paper on innovative approach of biomarkers for infectious diseases and sepsis management in the emergency department
Authors: Di Somma Salvatore , Magrini Laura , Travaglino Francesco , Lalle Irene , Fiotti Nicola , Cervellin Grianfranco , Avanzi Gian Carlo , Lupia Enrico , Maisel Alan , Hein Frauke , Wagner Florian , Lippi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSepsis is a leading healthcare problem, accounting for the vast majority of fatal events in critically ill patients. Beyond early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, this condition requires a multifaceted approach for monitoring the severity, the potential organ failure as well as the risk of death. Monitoring of the efficacy of treatment is also a major issue in the emergency department (ED). The assessment of critically ill conditions and the prognosis of patients with sepsis is currently based on some scoring systems, which are, however, inefficient to provide definite clues about organ failure and prognosis in general. The discretionary and appropriate use of some selected biomarkers such as procalcitonin, inducible protein 10 (IP10), Group IV phospholipase A2 type II (PLA2 II), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), natriuretic peptides, mature adrenomedullin (ADM), mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), copeptin, thrombopoietin, Mer receptor and even red blood cell distribution width (RDW) represent thereby an appealing perspective in the diagnosis and management of patients with sepsis. Nevertheless, at the moment, it is not still clear if it is better to use a multimarkers approach or if a single, most appropriate, biomarker exists. This collective opinion paper is aimed at providing an overview about the potential clinical usefulness of some innovative biomarkers of sepsis in its diagnosis and prognosis, but also in the treatment management of the disease. This manuscript represents a synopsis of the lectures of Third Italian GREAT Network Congress, that was hold in Rome, 15–19 October 2012.
Management of gestational hypertension – the impact of HYPITATa
Authors: Pauli Jaimey M. , Lauring Julianne R. , Stetter Christy M. , Repke John T. , Botti John J. , Ural Serdar H. , Ambrose Anthony 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of one trial (the HYPITAT trial) on management of gestational hypertension.

Study design: This is a retrospective cohort study of 5077 patients delivered at our institution from 7/1/2008 to 6/15/2011. “Pre-HYPITAT” was defined as 7/1/2008–9/30/2009 and “Post-HYPITAT” as 10/1/2009–6/15/2011. The primary outcome is the rate of delivery intervention for gestational hypertension. Secondary maternal and neonatal outcomes were analyzed in patients with gestational hypertension only. Statistical analyses included the χ2-test, Fisher’s exact test, and the two-sample t-test.

Results: The rate of delivery intervention Pre-HYPITAT was 1.9%, compared to 4% Post-HYPITAT (P<0.001). There was no significant change in secondary outcomes.

Conclusion: There was a statistically significant increase in delivery intervention for gestational hypertension at our institution after the publication of the HYPITAT trial. There was no significant change in immediate maternal or neonatal outcomes for patients with gestational hypertension.
Reliability of quantitative elastography of the uterine cervix in at-term pregnancies
Authors: Fruscalzo Arrigo , Steinhard Johannes , Londero Ambrogio Pietro , Fröhlich Christiane , Bijnens Bart , Klockenbusch Walter , Schmitz Ralf 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate the intra-operator reliability of tissue Doppler imaging-based quantitative cervical elastography in at-term pregnancies.

Methods: Three series of two cycles of manual gentle compression-relaxation of the cervix were performed by one gynecologist in 11 consecutive at-term pregnancies through the vaginal probe. The compression movements should be sufficient to obtain the maximal compression of the anterior portion of the cervical tissue, until the posterior portion begins to be dislocated. Strain values were assessed on the entire thickness of the anterior cervical lip. The influence of strain type (Lagrangian vs. natural) and the extent of compression exerted (difference among the two cycles of compression-relaxation) were evaluated.

Results: Strain measurement was influenced by the extent of compression, as well as by the strain type. The strain measured during the cycle with larger cervical compression, using the natural strain preset, showed a superior reliability [mean strain among patients: 0.68±0.18; mean of differences among three measures: 0.07±0.06; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) consistency: 0.90]. The strain measured using the Lagrangian strain preset showed overall a low reliability (ICC consistency: 0.04).

Conclusions: Quantitative cervical elastography performed in at-term pregnancies, under standardized conditions, has a high reliability.
Solid-state quantum optics with quantum dots in photonic nanostructures
Authors: Lodahl Peter , Stobbe Søren 
Published: February 2013

AbstractQuantum nanophotonics has become a new research frontier where quantum optics is combined with nanophotonics in order to enhance and control the interaction between strongly confined light and quantum emitters. Such progress provides a promising pathway towards quantum-information processing on an all-solid-state platform. Here we review recent progress on experiments with quantum dots in nanophotonic structures with special emphasis on the dynamics of single-photon emission. Embedding the quantum dots in photonic band-gap structures offers a way of controlling spontaneous emission of single photons to a degree that is determined by the local light-matter coupling strength. Introducing defects in photonic crystals implies new functionalities. For instance, efficient and strongly confined cavities can be constructed enabling cavity-quantum-electrodynamics experiments. Furthermore, the speed of light can be tailored in a photonic-crystal waveguide forming the basis for highly efficient single-photon sources where the photons are channeled into the slowly propagating mode of the waveguide. Finally, we will discuss some of the surprises that arise in solid-state implementations of quantum-optics experiments in comparison to their atomic counterparts. In particular, it will be shown that the celebrated point-dipole description of light-matter interaction can break down when quantum dots are coupled to plasmon nanostructures.
Die drool theory
Authors: Schmalzer Andrew M. , Giacomin A. Jeffrey 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
When molten plastic is extruded from a die, it sometimes collects on the open face of the die. Known as die drool, this phenomenon costs plastics manufacturers by requiring die cleaning. This has been attributed to many causes, but none of these has led to an equation for the drool rate. In this work, we provide an exact analytical solution for the drool rate, and we base this solution on a postulate of a cohesive slip layer near the die walls. We thus attribute die drool to cohesive failure within the fluid at an internal surface where the fluid slips on itself. We adimensionalize the drool rate with the production rate, and call this the buildup ratio, BR. We provide an exact analytical solution for BR when the cohesive slip layer either slips at the die wall, or when it does not. We examine two important extrusion geometries: slit (which we then extend to pipe) and tube flow. We identify two new experiments: one to measure BR as a function of pressure drop, and another as a function of the die aspect ratio, and we then use our new theory to design droolometers.
Comparison of injection molding processability of polylactic acid and high density polyethylene via computational approach
Authors: Sin Lee Tin , Ng Yi-Ru , Bee Soo-Tueen , Tee Tiam-Ting , Rahmat A. R. , Ma Chi 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to compare the injection molding processability of polylactic acid (PLA) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) via a computational method. This study was conducted using injection molding simulation software Moldflow® using an iPhone 4 case (I4C) to evaluate the filling and packing stages of PLA and HDPE. The fill time, velocity/pressure switch over (VPSO), frozen layer fraction, time to freeze, volumetric shrinkages and clamp force were analyzed. The results showed that PLA requires a slightly longer time to fill the cavity compared to HDPE. At the mean time, the VPSO of PLA was larger than HDPE, as a result of the higher viscosity characteristic of PLA. From the packing analysis, it was found that the extent of shrinkage for PLA and HDPE was 4.11% and 4.78%, respectively. This result shows that an I4C produced by either PLA or HDPE have very close dimensions. In other words, the redesign of mold to fulfill the different shrinkage extent for PLA and HDPE is unnecessary, which indicates a cost of production saving. Finally, the manufacturing of PLA required a higher tonnage injection molding machine compared to HDPE where the clamp tonnage of PLA is 2.5 times higher than HDPE.
Effect of glycerol concentration and temperature on the rheological properties of cassava starch solutions
Authors: Valencia Germán Ayala , Henao Ana Cecilia Agudelo , Zapata Rubén Antonio Vargas 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Glycerol/starch (G/S) solutions were prepared at different concentrations, with a weight ratio of G/S=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, and rheological properties were analyzed at 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70°C. Power law dependency of the apparent viscosity as a function of the shear rate is the most appropriate model for describing the rheological behavior of cassava starch solutions as a function of glycerol concentrations. All solutions showed a pseudoplastic behavior; the flow index (n) did not show significant changes as a function of temperature and glycerol concentration. However, the apparent viscosity (μa) and the consistency coefficient (K) did show strong variations with temperature and glycerol content. The temperature variation of both μa and K were better fitted to an exponential model type exp(Ea
/RT), logμa(K) vs. 1000/T. The activation energy of the K data for the solution without glycerol (G/S=0.0) was 13.64 KJ/mol, and it decreased with increasing the content of glycerol in the solutions, becoming 6.14 KJ/mol for G/S=0.5. On the contrary, the activation energy for the μa data increased when increasing the glycerol concentration. The effect of glycerol concentration was also modeled using polynomial and exponential fittings.
Elastomer nanocomposites based on NBR/BR/nanoclay: morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Tolooei Shohreh , Naderi Ghasem , Shokoohi Shirin , Soltani Sedigheh 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Ternary elastomer nanocomposites based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR) and two types of nanoclay (Cloisite 15A and Cloisite 30B) were prepared using a laboratory scale two-roll mill. The effects of nanoclay composition on the cure characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of NBR/BR (50/50) nanocomposite samples containing 3, 5, 7 and 10 wt% nanoclay were investigated. According to the cure characteristics both types of nanoclay caused a reduction in the scorch time and optimum cure time of the nanocomposite compound. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples suggested the intercalation of polymer chains into the silicate layers. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) was utilized to study the dispersion state of nanoclay within the elastomer blend matrix. The results showed the development of mechanical properties with the establishment of interactions between nanoclay and polymer chains. Antiknock and brake fluid uptake were also reduced with increasing the nanoclay content.
Effect of fiber type on strength of quasi-isotropic bonded/unbonded plastic composites subjected to tension and compression loadings
Authors: Okumuş Fuat 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In the present study, the effects of different types of fibers on the strength of quasi-isotropic silicon carbide/epoxy composite laminate with reinforced hole were investigated. The composite panels under tension and compression loadings were investigated. The finite element method was used to verify the experimental results. MATLAB R-2012 was used as software to apply the finite element analysis. A rectangular element with nine nodes was chosen. A composite plate was meshed into 64 elements and 288 nodes. It was simply supported with in-plane loading conditions. Two types of reinforcement boundary conditions were investigated: adhesive bonded and snug-fit unbonded plug. For each case, five different sizes of hole diameter were used. In addition, three different types of reinforcing material (steel, aluminum, and E-glass) were employed.
Electrocatalyst–Membrane Interface and Fuel Cell Performance with Sulfonated PolyEtherEtherKetone as Ionomer
Authors: Arena Francesco , Mitzel Jens , Hempelmann Rolf 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEM-FCs) is directly related to the interfacial resistance between the membrane and Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDEs), the catalyst availability in the 3-phase zone and the micro structure of the catalyst containing porous layer. Therefore we have deposited a hydrophobic porous layer, containing Sulfonated PolyEtherEtherKetone (SPEEK), onto a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), we have electrodeposited Pt electrocatalysts, and in this way we have prepared GDEs particularly suited for fuel cells with SPEEK as membrane (as an alternative to Nafion as the standard membrane material). High degree of catalyst utilization as well as availability is assured by our Pulsed Potentiostatic catalyst ElectroDeposition method (PPED) using a Hydrogen Depolarized Anode (HDA). Characterization of the prepared GDEs containing SPEEK is done via
in-situ and ex-situ electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The fuel cell performance is evident from polarization curves recorded at different temperatures and at different relative humidity of the reactant gases.
The Utility of Follow-up Skeletal Surveys in Child Abuse
Authors: Harper Nancy S. , Eddleman Sonja , Lindberg Daniel M. ,   for the ExSTRA Investigators
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE:Follow-up skeletal surveys (FUSS) are performed frequently in cases of possible physical abuse based on the evidence from small retrospective cohorts. Our objective was to determine the proportion of FUSS that identified new information in a large, multicenter population of children with concerns of physical abuse.METHODS:This was a prospective secondary analysis of an observational study of all children &lt;10 years of age (120 months) who underwent evaluation for possible physical abuse by 20 US child abuse teams. This analysis included all children in whom FUSS was recommended and measured rates of FUSS completion, results of FUSS, and the change in perceived likelihood of abuse before and after FUSS.RESULTS:Among 2890 children enrolled in the Examining Siblings To Recognize Abuse research network, 2049 underwent skeletal survey and 796 (38.8%) had FUSS. A total of 174 (21.5%) subjects had new information identified by FUSS, including 124 (15.6%) with at least 1 new fracture and 55 (6.9%) with reassuring findings compared with the initial skeletal survey. Among cases with new fractures, the estimated likelihood of abuse increased in 41 (33%) cases, and 51 cases (41%) remained at the maximum likelihood of abuse.CONCLUSIONS:FUSS identified new information and affected the perceived likelihood of abuse in a substantial fraction of cases in which it was completed. These data support existing guidelines and, in addition, suggest that FUSS should be considered in cases with lower initial levels of concern for abuse.
Optimisation of Junctions formed by Solid Phase Epitaxial Regrowth for sub-70nm CMOS
Authors: Lindsay Richard , Pawlak Bartlomiej J. , Stolk Peter , Maex Karen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFor the 70nm CMOS node, it is anticipated that conventional implantation and spike annealing approaches, even with pre-amorphisation and co-implantation, are unlikely to provide pMOS junctions consistent with the ITRS requirements. Here the junction performance is limited by equilibrium solid solubility.As laser annealing and in-situ doping techniques currently have unsolved integration problems, there is a renewed interest in using solid phase epitaxial regrowth (SPER) to form ultra-shallow metastable junctions. Such junctions have the potential to have an active dopant profile similar to the as-implanted profile. This offers above equilibrium solid solubility and abrupt profiles compatible with 70nm and even 45nm nodes. However there are concerns about residual defects, deactivation, diffusion and uniformity.In this paper we show how the Ge, F and B implant and SPER anneal can be optimised for abrupt, uniform and highly activated B junctions. There is latitude for higher doses and energies than conventional implants, however results show that this may lead to clustering causing enhanced deactivation and reduced mobility. We give attention to the probing issues involved in characterising partially annealed junctions.With this approach, p-type junctions having a sheet resistance of 265 ohms/sq and depth of 22nm are realised which are compatible with 70nm and potentially 45nm CMOS nodes.
Recent Progresses in Understanding Gettering in Silicon
Authors: Tan T. Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFor IC fabrications using CZ Si, intrinsic gettering utilizing oxygen precipitation has been extensively studied in the past, with the main efforts concentrated on the engineering and scientific aspects of the creation of gettering sites. The present review, however, will focus on recent progresses on the modeling of processes and mechanisms of the gettering of metallic impurities from the device active regions to the created gettering regions, together with the electrical activity of impurity precipitates.
Defects Induced by Helium Implantation: Interaction with Boron and Phosphorus
Authors: Cayrel F. , Alquier D. , Roqueta F. , Ventura L. , Dubois C. , Mathiot D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHigh dose He implantation, followed by a thermal annealing, is a suitable technique for metal gettering. Nevertheless, a strong interaction between the dopants and the defect layer has been evidenced. This can largely influence the dopant distribution. In order to study this interaction, p and n-type samples uniformly doped were implanted with helium (40 keV, 5×1016 He+.cm-2) and furnace annealed for various times and temperatures. In this paper, we shed light on the evolution of the dopant segregation. Using isochronal treatment, we found a large dependence of the dopant gettering phenomenon upon annealing temperature. Moreover, stability of the gettered fraction is observed for isothermal annealing. This study permits also to investigate the origin of the trapping mechanism involved for both boron and phosphorus.
Three Dimensional Modeling of Anisotropic Stress Effects in Thermal Oxidation of Silicon
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Strecker Norbert , Moroz Victor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThree-dimensional analyses of anisotropic stress effects during thermal oxidation of silicon are performed in this study using finite strain formulation. A reaction rate model that conjugates pressure to a crystalline direction dependent activation volume is employed for the modeling of facet formation in an STI MOSFET device. The numerical results agree well with TEM observations. The 3-D nature of stress evolution in fabrication process is demonstrated and the implication of stress relaxation on device performance in a strained SiGe based device is discussed.
Comparative Microflora Assessment of Natural Sulci vs. Deep and Shallow Implant Sulci in Partial Edentulousness
Authors: Rismanchian Mansoor , Shahabouei Mohammad Hussein , Yaghinei Jaber , Babashahi Akram , Hassantash Zahra , Sadr-Eshkevari Pooyan , Fazel Akbar 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The main cause of peri-implantitis and crestal bone resorption is bacterial infection. The present study aimed to comparatively assess the microbiological parameters in sulci around teeth and crowns supported by dental implants and also compare microbiological parameters around deep and shallow implant sulci. In this cross-sectional study, 34 partially edentulous patients with a total of 72 implants (22 deep vs. 50 shallow sulci) were included. Excluded were the patients with compromised systemic and periodontal health or smoking habits. All Implants (ITI) were at least 6 month in place covered by definite prostheses. Samples of gingival sulci were taken around teeth and implants with paper points and transported in Stuart Transport Medium. Samples were cultured and examined by dark field microscope to determine the microorganisms. Data were evaluated statistically in SPSS (v11.5) using chi-square test. Cocci G+, Cocci G-, Prevotella, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroid fragilis and Fusobacterium were found. The relative frequency of P. gingivalis was significantly higher in deep implant sulci compared to shallow implant sulci (p = 0.044) and natural sulci (p = 0.009). B. fragilis was also significantly more isolated from the deep implant sulci compared to shallow implant sulci (p = 0.001) and natural sulci (p = 0.064). Within the limitations of the present study, it may be concluded that peri-implantitis is more likely in deep sulci compared with shallow sulci in partial edentulousness.
Network based controller systems for pre-conditioning of waste water in sewer systems
Authors: Franke Wolfram , Ettl Marina , Corben Tim , Kuhn Guido 
Published: February 2013

Sewer network odour emissions have become a focus due to environmental regulations and, in the case Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) induced corrosion, due to safety and sustainability. For these reasons the establishment of emission treatment is recommended. Sewer emission treatment focuses on local solutions rather than sewer-wide network treatment. The dosing of chemicals for this purpose is usually done section-wise. Obviously there is optimization potential when sewers are understood and treated as networks. Preventive treatment can be optimized by information from downstream and curative treatment by information from upstream. Such concepts demand communication technology and monitoring of several parameters at various locations in the sewer network.
In the presented case study a digital communications network is used to control H2S emissions and fat, oil and grease (FOG) disposal in a sewer network. Moreover it was shown that technical solutions are available to use sewers as controlled reactors rather than just let them be a source of problems.
An overview of today's standard dosing systems and strategies for odour and corrosion control is also given.