bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of micro-organisms isolated from infected lower limb arthroplasties using high-intensity narrow-spectrum (HINS) light
Authors: Gupta S. , Maclean M. , Anderson J. G. , MacGregor S. J. , Meek R. M. D. , Grant M. H. 
Published: January 2015

High-intensity narrow-spectrum (HINS) light is a novel violet-blue light inactivation technology which kills bacteria through a photodynamic process, and has been shown to have bactericidal activity against a wide range of species. Specimens from patients with infected hip and knee arthroplasties were collected over a one-year period (1 May 2009 to 30 April 2010). A range of these microbial isolates were tested for sensitivity to HINS-light. During testing, suspensions of the pathogens were exposed to increasing doses of HINS-light (of 123mW/cm2 irradiance). Non-light exposed control samples were also used. The samples were then plated onto agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours before enumeration. Complete inactivation (greater than 4-log10 reduction) was achieved for all of the isolates. The typical inactivation curve showed a slow initial reaction followed by a rapid period of inactivation. The doses of HINS-light required ranged between 118 and 2214 J/cm2. Gram-positive bacteria were generally found to be more susceptible than Gram-negative. As HINS-light uses visible wavelengths, it can be safely used in the presence of patients and staff. This unique feature could lead to its possible use in the prevention of infection during surgery and post-operative dressing changes. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:283–8.
Clinical Actionability Enhanced through Deep Targeted Sequencing of Solid Tumors
Authors: Chen Ken , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Zhao Hao , Zhang Qingxiu , Ezzeddine Nader , Tang Lin-ya , Qi Yuan , Mao Yong , Chen Tenghui , Chong Zechen , Zhou Wanding , Zheng Xiaofeng , Johnson Amber , Aldape Kenneth D , Routbort Mark J , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Kopetz Scott , Davies Michael A , de Groot John , Moulder Stacy , Vinod Ravi , Farhangfar Carol J , Shaw Kenna Mills , Mendelsohn John , Mills Gordon B , Karina Eterovic Agda 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Further advances of targeted cancer therapy require comprehensive in-depth profiling of somatic mutations that are present in subpopulations of tumor cells in a clinical tumor sample. However, it is unclear to what extent such intratumor heterogeneity is present and whether it may affect clinical decision-making. To study this question, we established a deep targeted sequencing platform to identify potentially actionable DNA alterations in tumor samples.

METHODS
We assayed 515 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples and matched germline DNA (475 patients) from 11 disease sites by capturing and sequencing all the exons in 201 cancer-related genes. Mutations, indels, and copy number data were reported.

RESULTS
We obtained a 1000-fold mean sequencing depth and identified 4794 nonsynonymous mutations in the samples analyzed, of which 15.2% were present at &lt;10% allele frequency. Most of these low level mutations occurred at known oncogenic hotspots and are likely functional. Identifying low level mutations improved identification of mutations in actionable genes in 118 (24.84%) patients, among which 47 (9.8%) otherwise would have been unactionable. In addition, acquiring ultrahigh depth also ensured a low false discovery rate (&lt;2.2%) from FFPE samples.

CONCLUSIONS
Our results were as accurate as a commercially available CLIA-compliant hotspot panel but allowed the detection of a higher number of mutations in actionable genes. Our study reveals the critical importance of acquiring and utilizing high sequencing depth in profiling clinical tumor samples and presents a very useful platform for implementing routine sequencing in a cancer care institution.
Reviews Books
Authors: Collier Stuart , Zim Jason 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Joe Dante, Nil Baskar and Gabe Klinger, eds., (2013), FilmmuseumSynemaPublikationen Vol. 19 Vienna: SYNEMA – Gesellschaft für Film und Medien, 256pp. (in English), ISBN: 9783901644528 (pbk), $32.50
The Music of James Bond, Jon Burlingame, (2012) New York: Oxford University Press, 304pp., ISBN: 9780199863303 (hbk), $35.00
Between the poles of Eisensteinian aesthetics: Editing patterns in Peter Watkins’ biographical films
Authors: Jovanovic Nenad 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The ‘Brechtianisms’ of editing in Peter Watkins’ films have largely escaped critical attention, doubtless as a result of their medium-specific nature, whereby the links between those formal elements and Brecht – as primarily a stage practitioner – are obscured. This article employs the ideas of Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein, who shares Brecht’s indebtedness to Marxist dialectics and Russian formalism, to reveal and investigate both the convergences and divergences between the two artists and Watkins. I argue that Watkins’ biographic films Edvard Munch (1974) and Fritänkaren/The Freethinker (1994) illustrate the trajectory that has led Watkins from Eisensteinian montage of attractions to the Soviet practitioner and theorist’s intellectual montage as a dominant structural method. The article further points out that the strong affinities of The Freethinker’s formal operations with those of Brecht’s own works for the stage and screen are attributable broadly to the film’s refusal to subsume its stylistic unorthodoxies to the logic of psychological realism.
Ingmar Bergman, archivist
Authors: Holmberg Jan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In his autobiographical writings, Ingmar Bergman dismissed the value of collecting and saving materials from his personal and professional life. Yet he saved an enormous amount of personal and professional material, which was collected in a room in his island home on Fårö, Sweden. The material was transferred to the Swedish Film Institute and catalogued in the Ingmar Bergman Archives. The article suggests that Bergman’s archiving project served as a response to his own mortality, a theme also evident in his late films and autobiographical writings.
Reception material in the Ingmar Bergman Archives: Letters, essays, drawings
Authors: Hanssen Eirik Frisvold 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article considers documents relating to two different sections of the Ingmar Bergman Archives, emphasizing some of the social and cultural characteristics of the material. Analysis of letters from ordinary film spectators constitutes one portion. Another concerns Bergman’s employment as manager and director of the municipal children’s theatre Sagoteatern (The Fairy-Tale Theatre) in Stockholm (1941–1942). In both cases, the auteur archive becomes a site for examining the spectator rather than the auteur. The article examines how the chosen material may convey knowledge about spectatorship, and specific social and personal experiences of cinema and theatre, by making visible a range of cultural practices seldom associated with auteurism or ‘film art’, which nonetheless can be incorporated in an auteur archive.
Nordic practices and Nordic sensibilities in Finnish–Swedish co-productions: The case of Klaus Härö and Jarkko T. Laine
Authors: Bacon Henry 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In Swedish and Danish cinema’s subtle variations of light, director Klaus Härö and cinematographer Jarkko Laine found initial inspiration for cinematic treatment of people in relation to their Nordic environment. While making their first three feature films in Sweden, the two Finns became acquainted with Swedish professional practices deriving from a long tradition of film-making. These differed in many ways from Finnish practices. While imposing certain limits, the Swedish system was also supportive in a way that the Finnish system was not. In Finland, a major break in tradition occurred following the fall of the studio system; there continues to be lower volume of film production. However, particularly in making their first two films Elina – som om jag inte fanns/Elina: As If I Wasn’t There (2002) and Äideistä parhain/Mother of Mine (2005) Härö and Laine were able to unite Finnish and Swedish creative talent and produce award-winning films.
Experimentelle Analyse der Dynamik von Zahnradgetrieben – Teil 1
Authors: Šmeringaiová Anna , Vojtko Imrich , Monková Katarína 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag befasst sich mit der Problematik der
experimentellen Bewertung der Dynamik bei Zahnradgetrieben. Das Ziel
war, eine Methodik zur Bewertung des dynamischen Verhaltens bei
Getrieben unterschiedlichen Typs bzw. von unterschiedlichen
technologischen oder konstruktiven Ausführungen unter gleichen
Betriebsbedingungen und bei gleichen Getrieben unter verschiedenen
Betriebsbedingungen aufzuarbeiten. Der erste Teil des Artikels
beschreibt das Prüfstandskonzept, die Entwicklung eines mathematischen
Modells des Prüfstands und eines Modells zur Computersimulation.
Kavitationsdetektion mittels Self-Sensing-Ultraschallwandler
Authors: Bornmann Peter , Hemsel Tobias , Sextro Walter , Memoli Gianluca , Hodnett Mark , Zeqiri Bajram 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Eine Vielzahl von Prozessen in der Chemie und Verfahrenstechnik kann durch Ultraschall positiv beeinflusst werden. Oftmals ist ultraschallinduzierte Kavitation der Hauptwirkmechanismus für die positiven Effekte der Beschallung. Daher ist es notwendig die Kavitationsaktivität während des Prozesses zu quantifizieren um die Beschallung für den jeweiligen Prozess optimal gestalten und überwachen zu können. Eine Möglichkeit der prozessbegleitenden Kavitationsdetektion ist die Auswertung der akustischen Emissionen von oszillierenden und kollabierenden Kavitationsblasen mittels Drucksensoren in der Flüssigkeit. Raue Prozessrandbedingungen wie hohe Temperaturen oder aggressive Flüssigkeiten erschweren es jedoch geeignete Sensoren zu finden. Als Alternative wurde daher die Nutzbarkeit der Rückwirkung von Kavitationsereignissen auf das elektrische Eingansgssignal des Ultraschallwandlers zur Quantifizierung von Kavitation untersucht. Die experimentelle Analyse hat ergeben, dass das Einsetzen und in einigen Fällen auch die Art der Kavitation auf Basis der Rückwirkung auf das Stromsignal des Ultraschallwandlers bestimmt werden kann. Die Stärke der Kavitation war hingegen nicht aus den Stromsignalen abzuleiten.
Stochastic Tunneling and Metastable States During the Somatic Evolution of Cancer
Authors: Ashcroft Peter , Michor Franziska , Galla Tobias 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Tumors initiate when a population of proliferating cells accumulates a certain number and type of genetic and/or epigenetic alterations. The population dynamics of such sequential acquisition of (epi)genetic alterations has been the topic of much investigation. The phenomenon of stochastic tunneling, where an intermediate mutant in a sequence does not reach fixation in a population before generating a double mutant, has been studied using a variety of computational and mathematical methods. However, the field still lacks a comprehensive analytical description since theoretical predictions of fixation times are available only for cases in which the second mutant is advantageous. Here, we study stochastic tunneling in a Moran model. Analyzing the deterministic dynamics of large populations we systematically identify the parameter regimes captured by existing approaches. Our analysis also reveals fitness landscapes and mutation rates for which finite populations are found in long-lived metastable states. These are landscapes in which the final mutant is not the most advantageous in the sequence, and resulting metastable states are a consequence of a mutation–selection balance. The escape from these states is driven by intrinsic noise, and their location affects the probability of tunneling. Existing methods no longer apply. In these regimes it is the escape from the metastable states that is the key bottleneck; fixation is no longer limited by the emergence of a successful mutant lineage. We used the so-called Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method to compute fixation times in these parameter regimes, successfully validated by stochastic simulations. Our work fills a gap left by previous approaches and provides a more comprehensive description of the acquisition of multiple mutations in populations of somatic cells.
Fruit Flies in Biomedical Research
Authors: Wangler Michael F , Yamamoto Shinya , Bellen Hugo J 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMany scientists complain that the current funding situation is dire. Indeed, there has been an overall decline in support in funding for research from the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. Within the Drosophila field, some of us question how long this funding crunch will last as it demotivates principal investigators and perhaps more importantly affects the long-term career choice of many young scientists. Yet numerous very interesting biological processes and avenues remain to be investigated in Drosophila, and probing questions can be answered fast and efficiently in flies to reveal new biological phenomena. Moreover, Drosophila is an excellent model organism for studies that have translational impact for genetic disease and for other medical implications such as vector-borne illnesses. We would like to promote a better collaboration between Drosophila geneticists/biologists and human geneticists/bioinformaticians/clinicians, as it would benefit both fields and significantly impact the research on human diseases.
Childhood Behavior Problems and Age at First Sexual Intercourse: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Skinner S. Rachel , Robinson Monique , Smith Michael A. , Robbins Spring Chenoa Cooper , Mattes Eugen , Cannon Jeffrey , Rosenthal Susan L. , Marino Jennifer L. , Hickey Martha , Doherty Dorota A. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Early first sexual intercourse (FSI) is a risk factor for unplanned teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infection, and adverse social, emotional, and physical health outcomes in adolescence and into adulthood. The aim of this study was to examine relationships between internalizing (eg, anxious/depressed, withdrawn) and externalizing (eg, delinquent, aggressive) behavior problems in childhood and age at FSI.

METHODS:
We used a large, population-based birth cohort (The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort [Raine] Study) to address this question. Child behavior was measured by using the Child Behavior Checklist collected from parents at ages 2, 5, 8, 10, and 14 and scores calculated for total, internalizing, and externalizing behavior problems. At age 17, 1200 participants reported sexual behavior.

RESULTS:
Participants with clinically significant Child Behavior Checklist scores (T ≥60) were at increased risk for earlier first sexual intercourse (FSI) (&lt;16 years). Adjusted odds ratios revealed that total and externalizing behavior problems from age 5 years onward significantly increased the risk of earlier FSI for boys. In girls, externalizing problems from age 10 years increased the risk for earlier FSI. Internalizing problems at ages 8 and 10 were significantly associated with early FSI for boys but not girls.

CONCLUSIONS:
Externalizing behavior from as early as 5 in boys and 10 in girls is a significant risk factor for earlier age at FSI. Adolescent sexual health promotion should consider early intervention in children with behavior problems, particularly boys.
A Comparison of Acute Treatment Regimens for Migraine in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bachur Richard G. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Migraine headache is a common pediatric complaint among emergency department (ED) patients. There are limited trials on abortive therapies in the ED. The objective of this study was to apply a comparative effectiveness approach to investigate acute medication regimens for the prevention of ED revisits.

METHODS:
Retrospective study using administrative data (Pediatric Health Information System) from 35 pediatric EDs (2009–2012). Children aged 7 to 18 years with a principal diagnosis of migraine headache were studied. The primary outcome was a revisit to the ED within 3 days for discharged patients. The primary analysis compared the treatment regimens and individual medications on the risk for revisit.

RESULTS:
The study identified 32 124 children with migraine; 27 317 (85%) were discharged, and 5.5% had a return ED visit within 3 days. At the index visit, the most common medications included nonopioid analgesics (66%), dopamine antagonists (50%), diphenhydramine (33%), and ondansetron (21%). Triptans and opiate medications were administered infrequently (3% each). Children receiving metoclopramide had a 31% increased odds for an ED revisit within 3 days compared with prochlorperazine. Diphenhydramine with dopamine antagonists was associated with 27% increased odds of an ED revisit compared with dopamine antagonists alone. Children receiving ondansetron had similar revisit rates to those receiving dopamine antagonists.

CONCLUSIONS:
The majority of children with migraines are successfully discharged from the ED and only 1 in 18 required a revisit within 3 days. Prochlorperazine appears to be superior to metoclopramide in preventing a revisit, and diphenhydramine use is associated with increased rates of return.
Promoting Optimal Development: Screening for Behavioral and Emotional Problems
Authors: Weitzman Carol , Wegner Lynn ,   the SECTION ON DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS, COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, COUNCIL ON EARLY CHILDHOOD, AND SOCIETY FOR DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS
Published: January 2015

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed December 2020.
By current estimates, at any given time, approximately 11% to 20% of children in the United States have a behavioral or emotional disorder, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Between 37% and 39% of children will have a behavioral or emotional disorder diagnosed by 16 years of age, regardless of geographic location in the United States. Behavioral and emotional problems and concerns in children and adolescents are not being reliably identified or treated in the US health system. This clinical report focuses on the need to increase behavioral screening and offers potential changes in practice and the health system, as well as the research needed to accomplish this. This report also (1) reviews the prevalence of behavioral and emotional disorders, (2) describes factors affecting the emergence of behavioral and emotional problems, (3) articulates the current state of detection of these problems in pediatric primary care, (4) describes barriers to screening and means to overcome those barriers, and (5) discusses potential changes at a practice and systems level that are needed to facilitate successful behavioral and emotional screening. Highlighted and discussed are the many factors at the level of the pediatric practice, health system, and society contributing to these behavioral and emotional problems.
The Impact of Marijuana Policies on Youth: Clinical, Research, and Legal Update
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON SUBSTANCE ABUSE, COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Ammerman Seth D. , Ryan Sheryl A. , Adelman William P. , Levy Sharon , Gonzalez Pamela K. , Siqueira Lorena M. , Smith Vincent C. , Braverman Paula K. , Alderman Elizabeth Meller , Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , O’Brien Rebecca Flynn 
Published: January 2015

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed January 2024.
This policy statement is an update of the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement “Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact on Youth,” published in 2004. Pediatricians have special expertise in the care of children and adolescents and may be called on to advise legislators about the potential impact of changes in the legal status of marijuana on adolescents. Parents also may look to pediatricians for advice as they consider whether to support state-level initiatives that propose to legalize the use of marijuana for medical and nonmedical purposes or to decriminalize the possession of small amounts of marijuana. This policy statement provides the position of the American Academy of Pediatrics on the issue of marijuana legalization. The accompanying technical report reviews what is currently known about the relationships of marijuana use with health and the developing brain and the legal status of marijuana and adolescents’ use of marijuana to better understand how change in legal status might influence the degree of marijuana use by adolescents in the future.
Effects of propylene glycol on the metabolic status and milk production of dairy buffaloes
Authors: Abdel-Raheem S. M. , Abd-Allah M. , Senosy W. , Hussein H. A. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryObjectives: The study was designed to investigate the effects of drenching with propylene glycol (PG) on body condition, serum metabolites and milk production during the transition period of dairy buffaloes. Material and methods: Animals were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 5) and a PG group of 10 buffaloes that were drenched with 500 ml of propylene glycol once daily from 10 (9 ± 3) days prepartum until 2 weeks postpartum. Ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness (BFT) were performed weekly, while blood samples were taken at –4, –2, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks from parturition for estimation of hematological and biochemical metabolites. Results: At –4, –3, and –2 weeks from calving, BFT did not differ between the two groups, but decreased after calving and was higher for the control group than the PG group at weeks –1 and 1. Hematological analysis revealed insignificant changes between the two groups. Serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) and glucose did not differ between the two groups before parturition. At 2 and 4 weeks from parturition, NEFA was higher for the control group than the PG group. Serum concentrations of BHBA were higher at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks in control animals than in treated buffaloes. In contrast, the glucose level was significantly increased in PG group when compared to the control group at week 2 postpartum (p < 0.05). Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, and globulins did not differ significantly between the two groups (p > 0.05). Serum enzyme activities of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase were significantly higher in the control than in the PG group. In treated buffaloes significantly (p < 0.05) higher average 60-day milk yields were recorded (8.4 ± 0.22 vs. 10.7 ± 0.40 kg/day). Milk composition did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Drenching of dairy buffaloes with propylene glycol may reduce the risk of ketosis, improve the metabolic status, and increase the milk yield.
Alimentäre Aufnahme von Opioid-Alkaloiden durch Pferde
Authors: Emmerich I. U. , Lachenmeier D. W. , Sproll C. , Monakhova Y. B. , Aboling S. , Bachmann U. , Vervuert I. , Hertzsch R. 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungBei einer Antidopingkontrolle und in einem Vergiftungsfall wurden im Urin von Pferden Opioid-Alkaloide nachgewiesen. In beiden Fällen gab es Anlass zur Vermutung, dass die Pferde mohnhaltige Futtermittel aufgenommen hatten. Zur Abklärung dieses Verdachts wurden mögliche Quellen für Opioid-Alkaloide in Deutschland mittels Literaturrecherche identifiziert und die im Intoxikationsfall vorliegenden Futterproben botanisch bzw. chemisch analysiert. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchungen zeigten, dass beide Fälle vermutlich durch die in den Futtermitteln enthaltenen Mohnbestandteile verursacht wurden. Dies verdeutlicht eine bislang in Deutschland unterschätzte Gefährdung von Pferden durch mohnhaltige Futtermittel. Zur Vermeidung von positiven Dopingbefunden und Intoxikationen durch solche Futtermittel werden Empfehlungen gegeben und ein Grenzwert für Morphin im Pferdeurin bei Antidopingkontrollen vorgeschlagen.