bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small non‐coding satellite RNAs – the ‘game changers’ at the virus–host plant interaction?
Authors: Wrzesińska‐Krupa Barbara , Obrępalska‐Stęplowska Aleksandra 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSatellite RNAs (satRNAs) are RNA molecules associated with many plant viruses and fully dependent on them for replication, encapsidation, and movement within the plant or transmission from plant to plant. Their classification is based on their length, functional protein‐coding capacity, and RNA structure (whether linear or circular). They have been of interest for a long time as some of them, in particular systems, cause significant changes in the pathogenesis and epidemiology of plant viruses. The outcomes of how satRNAs affect pathogenesis depend on the components of the pathosystem: host plant species or variety, virus species or even strain, and the sequence of satRNA. These can be additionally affected by biotic and abiotic factors, for example, environmental conditions such as the presence of their vectors or ambient temperature. satRNAs may interfere with primary metabolism, signalling, plant defence [including post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS)], as well as the efficiency of virus transmission from plant to plant. In recent years, due to wider access to high‐throughput technologies and the extension of studies on satRNAs to include the involvement of external factors in plant–virus–satRNA systems, we are gaining a broader view of the consequences of the presence of these small molecules in viral infections. This review presents the state of the art of satRNA interactions with the helper virus and host plant as well as the influence of satRNAs on the insect vector's behaviour. Moreover, areas requiring further research are identified and knowledge gaps indicated.
Evaluation of doxorubicin and β‐lapachone analogs as anticancer agents, a biological and computational study
Authors: Mercado‐Sánchez Itzel , López Julio , Chávez‐Rocha Rogelio , Vargas‐Rodríguez Ismael , Bazán‐Jiménez Adán , Segovia‐Mendoza Mariana , Prado‐Garcia Heriberto , Vázquez Miguel A. , García‐Becerra Rocío , Garcia‐Revilla Marco A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe have conducted an experimental and computational evaluation of new doxorubicin (4a–c) and β‐lapachone (5a–c) analogs. These novel anticancer analogs were previously synthesized, but had not been tested or characterized until now. We have evaluated their antiproliferative and DNA cleavage inhibition properties using breast (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Computational studies, including molecular docking, pharmacokinetic properties, and an analysis of DFT and QTAIM chemical descriptors, were performed to gain insights into the electronic structure and elucidate the molecular binding of the new β‐lapachone and doxorubicin analogs with a DNA sequence and Topoisomerase II (Topo II)α. Our results show that 4a analog displays the highest antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines by inducing cell death. We observed that stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding are essential to stabilize the molecule‐DNA‐Topo IIα complex. Moreover, 4a and 5a analogs inhibited Topo's DNA cleavage activity. Pharmacodynamic results indicated that studied molecules have favorable adsorption and permeability properties. The calculated chemical descriptors indicate that electron accumulation in quinone rings is relevant to the reactivity and biological activity. Based on our results, 4a is a strong candidate for becoming an anticancer drug.
An Indian multicentre real‐world study on long‐term quality of life outcomes following bariatric surgery
Authors: Bindal Vivek , Agarwal Priyanka , Khaitan Manish , Prasad Arun , Peters Atul N. C. , Narwaria Mahendra , Wadhawan Randeep , Shah Sumeet , Kular K. S. , Raj P. Praveen , Bhasker Aparna Govil , Pandey Dhananjay , Gupta Shailesh , Mansuri Naureen , Dhagat Dipali , Jaithlia Harsha , Siddiqui Deeba , Arora Beena , Singh Arya 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the impact of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on Quality of Life (QoL) in Indian patients with obesity over 10 years.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted at 11 centres for individuals with MBS between February 2013 and May 2022. Patient medical records provided the source of de‐identified data.ResultsData from 2132 individuals with a mean age of 43.28 ± 11.96 years was analysed. There were 37.43% men and 62.57% females in the study population. The study population had a mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) of 45.71 ± 10.38 kg/m2. The Bariatric Analysis and Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) scoring method showed a higher overall QoL score throughout all follow‐up periods, with ‘very good’ outcomes at one, three and 7 years and ‘good’ outcomes at 5 and 10 years. Improvements in QoL were associated with a substantial improvement (p < .01) in BMI at every follow‐up time point.ConclusionsFollowing MBS, individuals with obesity exhibited a substantial and long‐term improvement in their overall QoL for up to 10 years. This study presents Indian data on QoL, which is considered one of the most important decision‐making factors for or against an intervention.
Invisible victims: How children's museums are strengthening families through partnerships with correctional facilities
Authors: Hott Violet , Testa Adrienne , Bushara Leslie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA large and increasing number of children in the United States are systematically rendered invisible due to the effects of parental incarceration, forced to navigate a correctional system that does not often take their particular needs into account. This trauma can put children at risk of long‐term developmental consequences that can be lasting across generations. Two children's museums, among others, are developing unique partnerships to mitigate this negative impact. The Children's Museum of Manhattan has an ongoing partnership with the NYC Department of Correction to reunite incarcerated parents at Rikers Island with their children for an afternoon at the Museum. Hands On Children's Museum in Olympia, Washington, is partnering with the Washington Department of Corrections to redesign the children's area of visiting rooms in three correctional facilities. Anecdotal evidence of strengthened parent–child bonds and improved behavior of parents during incarceration show that early indications of both efforts are positive.
Holy love and compassionate love: A comparison of the essential differences between the concept of love in Lutheran theology and the Buddhist concept of love
Authors: Wen Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChristianity and Buddhism, two of the most influential religions in the world, have given much thought to the concept of love, and both regard it as the basic spirit of their religions, but there are some essential differences between the two. Specifically speaking, the Lutheran theological tradition which has developed since the Reformation in the 16th century advocates the holy love entirely centered on God. In contrast, Buddhism affirms an uncontaminated love emanating from a compassionate heart. This article attempts to analyze and examine the fundamental assertations of the concept of love in Lutheran theology and the Buddhist concept of love in order to reveal the essential differences between the two religions.
Physical performance and plasma metabolic profile as potential prognostic factors in metastatic lung cancer patients
Authors: das Neves Willian , Alves Christiano R. R. , dos Santos Gabriela , Alves Maria‐Janieire N. N. , Deik Amy , Pierce Kerry , Dennis Courtney , Buckley Lily , Clish Clary B. , Swoboda Kathryn J. , Brum Patricia C. , de Castro Junior Gilberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow physical performance is associated with higher mortality rate in multiple pathological conditions. Here, we aimed to determine whether body composition and physical performance could be prognostic factors in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Moreover, we performed an exploratory approach to determine whether plasma samples from NSCLC patients could directly affect metabolic and structural phenotypes in primary muscle cells.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 55 metastatic NSCLC patients and seven age‐matched control subjects. Assessments included physical performance, body composition, quality of life and overall survival rate. Plasma samples from a sub cohort of 18 patients were collected for exploratory studies in cell culture and metabolomic analysis.ResultsWe observed a higher survival rate in NSCLC patients with high performance in the timed up‐and‐go (+320%; p = .007), sit‐to‐stand (+256%; p = .01) and six‐minute walking (+323%; p = .002) tests when compared to NSCLC patients with low physical performance. There was no significant association for similar analysis with body composition measurements (p > .05). Primary human myotubes incubated with plasma from NSCLC patients with low physical performance had impaired oxygen consumption rate (−54.2%; p < .0001) and cell proliferation (−44.9%; p = .007). An unbiased metabolomic analysis revealed a list of specific metabolites differentially expressed in the plasma of NSCLC patients with low physical performance.ConclusionThese novel findings indicate that physical performance is a prognostic factor for overall survival in NSCLC patients and provide novel insights into circulating factors that could impair skeletal muscle metabolism.
Network signatures define consciousness state during focal seizures
Authors: Doss Derek J. , Johnson Graham W. , Makhoul Ghassan S. , Rashingkar Rohan V. , Shless Jared S. , Bibro Camden E. , Paulo Danika L. , Gummadavelli Abhijeet , Ball Tyler J. , Reddy Shilpa B. , Naftel Robert P. , Haas Kevin F. , Dawant Benoit M. , Constantinidis Christos , Williams Roberson Shawniqua , Bick Sarah K. , Morgan Victoria L. , Englot Dario J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting 1% of the global population. Loss of consciousness in focal impaired awareness seizures (FIASs) and focal‐to‐bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCSs) can be devastating, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Although ictal activity and interictal connectivity changes have been noted, the network states of focal aware seizures (FASs), FIASs, and FBTCSs have not been thoroughly evaluated with network measures ictally.MethodsWe obtained electrographic data from 74 patients with stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Sliding window band power, functional connectivity, and segregation were computed on preictal, ictal, and postictal data. Five‐minute epochs of wake, rapid eye movement sleep, and deep sleep were also extracted. Connectivity of subcortical arousal structures was analyzed in a cohort of patients with both SEEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Given that custom neuromodulation of seizures is predicated on detection of seizure type, a convolutional neural network was used to classify seizure types.ResultsWe found that in the frontoparietal association cortex, an area associated with consciousness, both consciousness‐impairing seizures (FIASs and FBTCSs) and deep sleep had increases in slow wave delta (1–4 Hz) band power. However, when network measures were employed, we found that only FIASs and deep sleep exhibited an increase in delta segregation and a decrease in gamma segregation. Furthermore, we found that only patients with FIASs had reduced subcortical‐to‐neocortical functional connectivity with fMRI versus controls. Finally, our deep learning network demonstrated an area under the curve of .75 for detecting consciousness‐impairing seizures.SignificanceThis study provides novel insights into ictal network measures in FASs, FIASs, and FBTCSs. Importantly, although both FIASs and FBTCSs result in loss of consciousness, our results suggest that ictal network changes in FIASs uniquely resemble those that occur during deep sleep. Our results may inform novel neuromodulation strategies for preservation of consciousness in epilepsy.
Sampling approaches to reduce very frequent seasonal time series
Authors: Baldo Afonso , Ferreira Paulo J. S. , Mendes‐Moreira João 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith technological advancements, much data is being captured by sensors, smartphones, wearable devices, and so forth. These vast datasets are stored in data centres and utilized to forge data‐driven models for the condition monitoring of infrastructures and systems through future data mining tasks. However, these datasets often surpass the processing capabilities of traditional information systems and methodologies due to their significant size. Additionally, not all samples within these datasets contribute valuable information during the model training phase, leading to inefficiencies. The processing and training of Machine Learning algorithms become time‐consuming, and storing all the data demands excessive space, contributing to the Big Data challenge. In this paper, we propose two novel techniques to reduce large time‐series datasets into more compact versions without undermining the predictive performance of the resulting models. These methods also aim to decrease the time required for training the models and the storage space needed for the condensed datasets. We evaluated our techniques on five public datasets, employing three Machine Learning algorithms: Holt‐Winters, SARIMA, and LSTM. The outcomes indicate that for most of the datasets examined, our techniques maintain, and in several instances enhance, the forecasting accuracy of the models. Moreover, we significantly reduced the time required to train the Machine Learning algorithms employed.
Vegetation growth responses to climate change: A cross‐scale analysis of biological memory and time lags using tree ring and satellite data
Authors: Tang Wenxi , Liu Shuguang , Jing Mengdan , Healey John R. , Smith Marielle N. , Farooq Taimoor Hassan , Zhu Liangjun , Zhao Shuqing , Wu Yiping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVegetation growth is affected by past growth rates and climate variability. However, the impacts of vegetation growth carryover (VGC; biotic) and lagged climatic effects (LCE; abiotic) on tree stem radial growth may be decoupled from photosynthetic capacity, as higher photosynthesis does not always translate into greater growth. To assess the interaction of tree‐species level VGC and LCE with ecosystem‐scale photosynthetic processes, we utilized tree‐ring width (TRW) data for three tree species: Castanopsis eyrei (CE), Castanea henryi (CH, Chinese chinquapin), and Liquidambar formosana (LF, Chinese sweet gum), along with satellite‐based data on canopy greenness (EVI, enhanced vegetation index), leaf area index (LAI), and gross primary productivity (GPP). We used vector autoregressive models, impulse response functions, and forecast error variance decomposition to analyze the duration, intensity, and drivers of VGC and of LCE response to precipitation, temperature, and sunshine duration. The results showed that at the tree‐species level, VGC in TRW was strongest in the first year, with an average 77% reduction in response intensity by the fourth year. VGC and LCE exhibited species‐specific patterns; compared to CE and CH (diffuse‐porous species), LF (ring‐porous species) exhibited stronger VGC but weaker LCE. For photosynthetic capacity at the ecosystem scale (EVI, LAI, and GPP), VGC and LCE occurred within 96 days. Our study demonstrates that VGC effects play a dominant role in vegetation function and productivity, and that vegetation responses to previous growth states are decoupled from climatic variability. Additionally, we discovered the possibility for tree‐ring growth to be decoupled from canopy condition. Investigating VGC and LCE of multiple indicators of vegetation growth at multiple scales has the potential to improve the accuracy of terrestrial global change models.
Forest floor environment overrules global change treatment effects on understorey communities in a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Lorer Eline , Landuyt Dries , Blondeel Haben , De Frenne Pieter , Verheyen Kris 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLight availability profoundly influences plant communities, especially below dense tree canopies in forests. Canopy disturbances, altering forest floor light conditions, together with other environmental changes such as climate change, nitrogen deposition and legacy effects from previous land‐use will simultaneously impact forest understorey communities. Yet, knowledge on the individual effects of these drivers and their potential interactions remains scarce. Here we performed a forest mesocosm experiment to assess the influence of warming, illumination (simulating canopy opening), nitrogen deposition and soil land‐use history (comparing ancient and post‐agricultural forest soil) on understorey community composition trajectories over a 7‐year period. Strikingly, understorey communities primarily evolved in response to the deeply shaded ambient forest conditions, with experimental treatments exerting only secondary influences. The overruling trajectory steered all mesocosms towards slow‐colonizing forest specialist communities dominated by spring geophytes with lower nutrient‐demand. The illumination treatment and, to a lesser extent, warming and agricultural land‐use legacy slowed down this trend by advancing fast‐growing resource‐acquisitive generalist species. Warm ambient temperatures induced thermophilization of plant communities in all treatments, including control plots, towards higher dominance of warm‐adapted species. Nitrogen addition accelerated this thermophilization process and increased the community light‐demand signature. Land‐use legacy effects were limited in our study. Our findings underscore the essential role of limited light availability in preserving forest specialists in understorey communities and highlight the importance of maintaining a dense canopy cover to attenuate global change impacts. It is crucial to integrate this knowledge in forest management adaptation to global change, particularly in the face of increasing demands for wood and wood products and intensified natural canopy disturbances.
Properties of tartaric acid modified steel slag as supplementing cementitious materials
Authors: Tang Panpan , Xiong Yangkai , Huang Lei , Fang Zhiqiang , Jiang Hao , Wang Guoqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBy using tartaric acid (TA) as a wet‐method modifier to modify steel slag powder (SS), it is helpful to reduce the content of free calcium oxide (f‐CaO) in SS and further improve the mechanical properties and soundness of SS as supplementing cementitious materials (SCM) in the mortar. The results indicate that with the addition of 2 wt% of TA, the number of large particles bigger than 45 µm in the SS decreased, resulting in predominantly smaller particles smaller than 45 µm. While the specific surface area increased from 417 to 704 m2/kg, the water consumption at standard consistency was significantly reduced. The soundness of the paste SS as SCM had improved including the f‐CaO content decreased from 4.81% to 0.95%, and the Le Chatelier expansion reduced from 4.5 to 1.5 mm. The mechanical properties were significantly enhanced, with the flexural strength increasing from 5.6 to 7.8 MPa, and the compressive strength rising from 38.8 to 52.7 MPa. After 28 days of curing in water, the hydration products of the mortar are hydrated calcium silicate (C‐S‐H), calcium hydroxide (CH), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Study on reaction interface of carbon‐free oxide‐based refractories with lanthanum oxide and lanthanum aluminate
Authors: Ma Feixiang , Liu Guoqi , Gu Qiang , Zhang Yi , Li Hongxia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the reaction interfaces of four kinds of oxide refractories (corundum, spinel, mullite, and zirconia) with lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO3) under different atmospheres at high temperatures (1550°C) were analyzed. The results show that the four oxides have a strong reaction with La2O3, and the corresponding rare earth aluminate, rare earth silicate, and rare earth zirconate are formed respectively. The reaction with LaAlO3 is weak, and almost no reaction occurs. Mullite has poor structural stability in a high‐temperature reduction atmosphere, easy decomposition, and strong reaction with La2O3. This study provides an important reference for the study of the reaction mechanism between rare earth steel and lining materials and the research and development of special lining materials for rare earth steel.
Effects of radio frequency thawing on the quality attributes of frozen strawberries
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Yang Yao , Peng Yu , Li Mo , Ni Yuanying , Wen Xin 
Published: July 2024

SummaryFreezing is a widely used method for preserving fresh strawberries, and selecting appropriate thawing technologies is crucial for obtaining high‐quality thawed strawberries. Radio frequency technology provides a promising method owing to its expeditious uniform heating mode with substantial penetration depth. This study investigated the effects of radio frequency thawing (RFT) using electrode gaps of 12, 14, or 16 cm on the quality attributes of frozen strawberries, comparing them with refrigerator thawing (RT) and microwave thawing (MWT). The results illustrated that strawberries thawed by RFT exhibited significantly lower firmness loss and higher levels of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid compared to RT and MWT methods. Specifically, strawberries thawed with a 12‐cm electrode gap under RFT showed faster thawing rates, increased phenolic content, and enhanced antioxidant activity. Overall, radio frequency technology shows great potential in enhancing the quality of thawed strawberries.
European migration governance in the context of uncertainty
Authors: Czaika Mathias , Bohnet Heidrun , Zardo Federica , Bijak Jakub 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMigration inherently embodies uncertainty and dynamism, eluding precise conceptualization, definition and measurement. Embedded within intricate migration driver environments and shaped by the diverse agency of actors involved—prospective migrants, intermediaries and policymakers—migration defies easy prediction and effective policy response. This inherent complexity within international migration flows poses immediate and long‐term governance challenges. This paper delves into the impact of migration‐related uncertainty on European migration governance. We scrutinize how uncertainty shapes migration policy responses and investigate the roles of key actors in assessing and communicating various facets of migration‐related uncertainty. Employing illustrative cases—the Syrian refugee situation and environmentally induced migration—we uncover how uncertainty influences European migration governance and policymaking. Our study sheds light on the interplay between migration uncertainty and governance processes. The findings emphasize the need for nuanced policy approaches to navigate the complexities inherent in international migration processes.
Gender‐affirming hormone therapy for transgender and gender‐diverse adults in Australia
Authors: Nolan Brendan J. , Cheung Ada S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGender‐affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is used by many transgender and gender‐diverse adults to align physical characteristics with their gender identity, reduce gender incongruence and improve psychological functioning. This narrative review provides an overview of the initiation and monitoring of GAHT in an Australian context. Trans individuals treated with testosterone typically receive standard testosterone doses and formulations recommended for cisgender men, whereas those receiving estradiol GAHT are typically treated with estradiol in combination with an anti‐androgen in those without orchidectomy. Proactive monitoring and mitigation of cardiovascular risk factors is pertinent in all transgender and gender‐diverse adults and bone health is an important consideration in those using estradiol GAHT.