bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
vTrain: A Novel Curriculum for Patient Surge Training in a Multi-User Virtual Environment (MUVE)
Authors: Greci Laura S. , Ramloll Rameshsharma , Hurst Samantha , Garman Karen , Beedasy Jaishree , Pieper Eric B. , Huang Ricky , Higginbotham Erin , Agha Zia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionDuring a pandemic influenza, emergency departments will be overwhelmed with a large influx of patients seeking care. Although all hospitals should have a written plan for dealing with this surge of health care utilization, most hospitals struggle with ways to educate the staff and practice for potentially catastrophic events.Hypothesis/ProblemTo better prepare hospital staff for a patient surge, a novel educational curriculum was developed utilizing an emergency department for a patient surge functional drill.MethodsA multidisciplinary team of medical educators, evaluators, emergency preparedness experts, and technology specialists developed a curriculum to: (1) train novice users to function in their job class in a multi-user virtual environment (MUVE); (2) obtain appropriate pre-drill disaster preparedness training; (3) perform functional team exercises in a MUVE; and (4) reflect on their performance after the drill.ResultsA total of 14 students participated in one of two iterations of the pilot training program; seven nurses completed the emergency department triage course, and seven hospital administrators completed the Command Post (CP) course. All participants reported positive experiences in written course evaluations and structured verbal debriefings, and self-reported increase in disaster preparedness knowledge. Students also reported improved team communication, planning, team decision making, and the ability to visualize and reflect on their performance.ConclusionData from this pilot program suggest that the immersive, virtual teaching method is well suited to team-based, reflective practice and learning of disaster management skills.GreciLS, RamlollR, HurstS, GarmanK, BeedasyJ, PieperEB, HuangR, HigginbothamE, AghaZ. vTrain: a novel curriculum for patient surge training in a multi-user virtual environment (MUVE). Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(3):1-8.
Achievements on circularly polarized horn-fed metallic electromagnetic band gap antenna design
Authors: Arnaud Eric , Chantalat Régis , Monediere Thierry , Rodes Emmanuel , Thevenot Marc 
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design of a 30 GHz, circularly polarized (CP), single horn-fed, metallic electromagnetic band gap (EBG) antenna. Three different approaches have been studied in order to create a 20 dBi antenna with an axial ratio (AR) lower than 1 dB over a 500 MHz bandwidth. Based on theoretical and experimental results, a conclusion is given on the best solution to obtain the desired characteristics. Perspectives and guidelines are also given for the design of multi-feed EBG antenna as a reflector focal feed for Ka-Band Space Applications.
Gladstonian Liberalism and Environment Protection, 1865–76
Authors: Roberts M.J.D. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Historians have, in recent times, produced a considerable literature attempting to interpret the motives of Victorian pioneers of concern for the preservation of ‘natural’ environments and to evaluate the cultural implications of the attitudes, which they aimed to promote. Yet no systematic study so far exists of the earliest and most politically effective Victorian movement for environmental protection—the campaign for the protection from commercial development of common lands around London (and ultimately across England) begun in 1865. This article aims to provide that study by investigating the origins, patterns of recruitment, strategy, tactics, rhetoric and public impact of the key mobilising organisation of campaigners—the Commons Preservation Society. Particular attention is paid to the period in office of the first Gladstone administration (1868–74), as it was during this period that open-space campaigners achieved the rare success of transforming the issue into a subject requiring sustained ‘high political’ attention. By uncovering the carefully co-ordinated and tactically sophisticated campaign plan of the Liberal MPs who performed the core tasks of parliamentary and public persuasion, the conclusion is reached that the campaign was primarily triggered and driven as a response to ‘the coming of democracy’ in 1867, its ideological and electoral credentials as a genuinely ‘Liberal’ cause generated major tensions with a retrenchment-focused party leadership over the course of the first Gladstone government and its manner of resolution gives unequivocal evidence of attempted adaptation to urban modernity rather than of a longing to restore a traditional or idealised past.
First Report of Puccinia emaculata Infection on Switchgrass in Virginia
Authors: Frazier T. , Shen Z. , Zhao B. , Bush E. 
Published: February 2013

During the spring of 2007, approximately 2,000 switchgrass plants, representing 168 core switchgrass germplasm, were established in a field nursery at the Virginia Tech Kentland Farm Research Center in Montgomery County, VA. These germplasms were originally obtained from the USDA Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit (Griffin, GA) and included both lowland and upland ecotypes. After planting, the switchgrass plants were allowed to establish for 3 years. In the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011, a substantial infection of a foliar rust pathogen was observed on more than 90% of switchgrass lines in the field. The infected leaves had dark brown pustules that were arranged in a linear fashion between the veins and mainly located on the adaxial surface of the leaf. We observed the infected leaf samples under a microscope and isolated the urediniospores. The urediniospores were brown, round, and averaged 26.08 ± 1.67 μm long and 24.65 ± 1.66 μm wide. Teliospores were observed late in the summers of 2009 and 2010. The teliospores were two-celled, oblong to ellipsoid in shape, and averaged 32.23 ± 3.07 μm in length. The apical cell width averaged 17.6 ± 1.83 μm and the basal cell width averaged 15.08 ± 1.75 μm. The morphology of both the urediniospores and teliospores were similar to Puccinia emaculata Schw. (P. emaculata) (2,3). Using previously established rust disease scoring methods (1), the infected switchgrass lines were evaluated and scored for infection severity on a 0 to 9 scale based on the percentage of leaf area infected, with 0 being either highly resistant or escaping infection and 9 being highly susceptible. The majority of upland switchgrass cultivars, including Caddo, Cave-in-rock, Blackwell, Sunburst, Pathfinder, and Dacotah, were moderately to highly susceptible to this rust pathogen and on average, scored between 7 and 8. However, the majority of lowland switchgrass cultivars, including Alamo, Kanlow, TEM-SEC, TEM-SLC, and TEM-LoDorm, were moderately to highly resistant and scored on average between 3 and 4. This result is consistent with previous reports that show that lowland ecotypes are more resistant to rust diseases (1). To further validate the identity of the rust pathogen, we designed two primers (5′-CCAGTAACGGCGAGTGAAGAG-3′ and 5′-CGACTTCCATGGCCACCGTGCGGCTGTCT-3′) based on the 18S rDNA sequence of P. emaculata (3). DNA was extracted from bulk infected leaf material for PCR amplification. The 1.2 kb PCR product was isolated and sent for DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence was 98% identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. emaculata (EU915294.1). To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of rust on a wide range of various switchgrass cultivars in Virginia. References: (1) D. M. Gustafson et al. Crop Sci. 43:755, 2003. (2) R. L. Hirsch et al. Plant Dis. 94:381, 2010. (3) J. Zale et al. Plant Dis. 92:1710, 2008.
The Morphology Of The Zulu Locative
Authors: van der Spuy Andrew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Zulu locative has traditionally been classed as an adverb, or as a nominal in certain contexts. In other Bantu languages, like Swahili, the locative is treated as a form of noun. This paper presents a description of the locative in terms of the theory of Distributed Morphology. It proposes that the Zulu locative can best be viewed as a case of the nominal. The paper also examines two phonological alternations associated with the locative, namely vowel lowering and palatalization. Traditionally, these have been seen as phonologically conditioned, but it is argued that they are both morphologically conditioned.
Psoriasis uncovered – measuring burden of disease impact in a survey of Australians with psoriasis
Authors: Baker Chris S , Foley Peter A , Braue Anna 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesInternationally, the understanding of psoriasis has advanced in recent years to the point now where it is no longer considered a benign or cosmetic skin condition but a systemic, immune‐mediated disease associated with significant comorbidities and considerable detriment to quality of life. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the physical, psychosocial and medical burden of psoriasis on Australian adults and the impact on health status.MethodsTwo large‐scale multi‐centre cross‐sectional studies of Australian adults with psoriasis were conducted during 2010 and 2011, with the participation of a national patient representative group (Psoriasis Australia). The studies were based on detailed questionnaires that were self‐completed by individuals with psoriasis.ResultsA total of 362 and 330 completed surveys were received in 2010 and 2011, respectively. A significant physical, psychosocial and medical burden was reported by the respondents. It was noteworthy that patients reported actively concealing their disease from the general public (83%), work colleagues (65%), friends (58%), employers (49%), family (40%), close friends (39%) and spouse/partner (20%). The mean five‐dimension European quality of life (EQ‐5D) score for the 2011 cohort was 0.73, representing a significant impact on their HRQoL. The presence of comorbidities, found in three‐quarters of the cohort, was associated with an even greater detriment to their HRQoL (mean score 0.64).ConclusionsPsoriasis imposes a significant psychosocial burden on the lives of patients, including a profound impact upon their personal and professional relationships, social interactions and quality of life, to a degree comparable to other serious chronic conditions. This study highlights the importance of collaboration between primary and specialist health‐care providers in developing patient management strategies that address the spectrum of physical and psychological manifestations associated with psoriasis.
Community understanding of the preventability of major health conditions as a measure of health literacy
Authors: Moore Karen , Smith Ben J. , Reilly Karen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo examine health literacy in a rural community by measuring the understanding of the preventable nature of six major health conditions.DesignCross‐sectional population survey.SettingNew housing areas of Strathfieldsaye, Victoria.ParticipantsA total of 197 adults aged 18 years or older.Main outcome measuresPerceived preventability of skin cancer, lung cancer, cervical cancer, high blood pressure, heart attack and diabetes.ResultsSkin cancer was the only condition which most people perceived as being all or mostly preventable (50.3%). Lung cancer was perceived to be all or mostly preventable by 35.5% of respondents, high blood pressure by 34.0%, cervical cancer by 27.4%, diabetes by 25.4% and heart attack by only 14.7%.ConclusionsThis study shows that there is a lack of understanding of the preventability of these health conditions. Efforts need to be directed towards improving the public's knowledge of disease prevention and to ensure that health promotion programs reach populations with the most need.
A hub and spokes approach to building community capacity for eating disorders in rural Western Australia
Authors: McCormack Julie , Watson Hunna J. , Harris Chris , Potts Julie , Forbes David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether an outreach community‐based training program on eating disorders enhances perceived capacity of rural health and education professionals to respond to and manage eating disorders.DesignSurvey conducted upon completion of outreach training.SettingRural Western Australia.ParticipantsHealth and education professionals working in rural Western Australia.Main outcome measuresQuestionnaire responses analysed via descriptive statistics and inferential tests.ResultsThere was a significant increase in perceived ability to identify, support and/or treat people with eating disorders among health and education professionals.ConclusionsOutreach training up‐skilled rural gatekeepers and introduced systemic health system benefits of increased consultation and liaison, a fine‐tuning of referral processes, a reduction in hospital admissions and better uptake of local services by patients discharged from hospital.
The influence of social support, lifestyle and functional disability on psychological distress in rural China: Structural equation modelling
Authors: Feng Danjun , Ji Linqin , Xu Lingzhong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the prevalence of psychological distress in rural China and examine the associated influence of social support, lifestyle and functional disability.DesignCross‐sectional survey with two‐stage stratified random sampling.SettingTwenty‐seven villages in Dongying City of Shandong Province.ParticipantsA total of 2541 rural residents aged 15–91 years.Main outcome measuresPsychological distress was assessed by the Kessler 10, social support was assessed by the Social Support Rating Scale and lifestyle and functional disability was assessed with self‐developed questionnaires.ResultsOf the rural residents assessed, 32.9% had K10 scores of 16 or greater. Women scored significantly higher than men did on the K10 (t (2539) = 7.23, P < 0.001). Functional disability was found to have a direct positive effect on psychological distress. Lifestyle had a direct negative effect on psychological distress and an indirect negative effect on psychological distress by reducing functional disability. Social support had an indirect negative effect on psychological distress by reducing functional disability and enhancing healthy lifestyles.ConclusionsA third of the rural population in China reported psychological distress, with the highest prevalence observed in women. Functional disability had a significant direct effect, social support had significant indirect effects and lifestyle had both significant direct and indirect effects on psychological distress.
Pregnancy rates and pregnancy loss in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Nega , Berhane Yemane , Worku Alemayehu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine pregnancy, pregnancy loss and fertility rates in a rural community of Ethiopia.DesignA prospective population‐based pregnancy surveillance.SettingKersa Demographic Surveillance and Health Research Center, a demographic surveillance site in Eastern Ethiopia.PopulationFor pregnancy rates, the study included 7738 women of reproductive age permanently residing in the field research site. For pregnancy loss, 2072 pregnant women were included.MethodPregnancy screening was done every third month from 1 December 2009 to 30 November 2010 using a questionnaire and a urine pregnancy test. Descriptive analysis was done to calculate the pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss.Outcome measuresPregnancy rate and pregnancy loss.ResultThe pregnancy rate was 227/year/1000 women of reproductive age. During the study period, 1438 pregnancies ended, with 1295 live births and 143 pregnancies that did not yield a live birth (116 due to bleeding and 27 stillbirths). The incidence of pregnancy loss was 220/year/1000 pregnancies. Based on the one‐year data, the total fertility rate was found to be 5.52. The overall pregnancy loss and stillbirth ratio were 11 and 2.1/100 live births, respectively.ConclusionsThe study identified a high fertility rate that is probably accentuated by a high proportion of pregnancy loss in the study population. Improving access to family planning service to limit the number of pregnancies and access to antenatal care (to identify higher risk women) is essential.
Associations of chronic hepatitis C with metabolic and cardiac outcomes
Authors: Younossi Z. M. , Stepanova M. , Nader F. , Younossi Z. , Elsheikh E. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus (CH‐C) infection is associated with metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (DM) and may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.AimTo assess the association of CH‐C with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases using US population data.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) collected between 1999 and 2010 were used.ResultsOf 19 741 participants considered eligible for the study, 173 individuals (0.88%) had detectable HCV RNA and were considered to have CH‐C. Compared with controls, CH‐C patients were predominantly African American (23.5% vs. 10.5%, P < 0.0001), men (66.6% vs. 46.1%, P = 0.0001), more likely to be between 45 and 55 years of age (41.9% vs. 20.4%, P = 0.0001), had higher rate of insulin resistance (44.1% vs. 31.1%, P = 0.0301), hypertension (40.1% vs. 28.9%, P = 0.0201), and history of smoking (76.2% vs. 29.9%, P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to known risk factors for insulin resistance, CH‐C was independently associated with the presence of insulin resistance [OR (95% CI) = 2.06 (1.19–3.57)], DM [OR = 2.31 (1.18–4.54)] and hypertension [OR = 2.06 (1.30–3.24)]. Independent predictors of cardiovascular diseases included older age, presence of obesity and smoking. CH‐C was independently associated with congestive heart failure subtype of cardiovascular diseases but not ischaemic heart disease and stroke.ConclusionChronic hepatitis C virus infection is independently associated with presence of metabolic conditions (insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension) and congestive heart failure.
Reading and listening comprehension and their relation to inattention and hyperactivity
Authors: Cain Kate , Bignell Simon 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundChildren with diagnoses of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently have reading problems. To date, it is not clear whether poor reading is associated with both inattention and hyperactivity and also whether poor reading comprehension is the result of poor word reading skills or more general language comprehension weaknesses.AimsWe report two studies to examine how reading and listening comprehension skills are related to inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.SamplesSeparate groups of 7‐ to 11‐year‐olds participated in each study.MethodsIn both studies, we used teacher ratings of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity to identify three groups at risk of ADHD: poor attention, high hyperactivity, poor attention and high hyperactivity, and also same‐age controls. In Study 1, we explored how inattention and hyperactivity predicted reading after controlling for non‐verbal IQ and vocabulary. In Study 2, we compared listening and reading comprehension in these groups.ResultsPoor attention was related to poor reading comprehension, although the relation was partially mediated by word reading skill (Study 1). Groups with high hyperactivity had weak listening comprehension relative to reading comprehension (Study 2).ConclusionsThese results indicate that the reading comprehension problems of children with attention difficulties are related to poor word reading and that listening comprehension is particularly vulnerable in children at risk of ADHD.
Phase I and II metabolism and MRP2‐mediated export of bosentan in a MDCKII‐OATP1B1‐CYP3A4‐UGT1A1‐MRP2 quadruple‐transfected cell line
Authors: Fahrmayr C , König J , Auge D , Mieth M , Münch K , Segrestaa J , Pfeifer T , Treiber A , Fromm MF 
Published: February 2013

Background and PurposeHepatic uptake (e.g. by OATP1B1), phase I and II metabolism (e.g. by CYP3A4, UGT1A1) and subsequent biliary excretion (e.g. by MRP2) are key determinants for the pharmacokinetics of numerous drugs. However, stably transfected cell models for the simultaneous investigation of transport and phase I and II metabolism of drugs are lacking.Experimental ApproachA newly established quadruple‐transfected MDCKII‐OATP1B1‐CYP3A4‐UGT1A1‐MRP2 cell line was used to investigate metabolism and transcellular transport of the endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan.Key ResultsIntracellular accumulation of bosentan equivalents (i.e. parent compound and metabolites) was significantly lower in all cell lines expressing MRP2 compared to cell lines lacking this transporter (P < 0.001). Accordingly, considerably higher amounts of bosentan equivalents were detectable in the apical compartments of cell lines with MRP2 expression (P < 0.001). HPLC and LC‐MS measurements revealed that mainly unchanged bosentan accumulated in intracellular and apical compartments. Furthermore, the phase I metabolites Ro 48–5033 and Ro 47–8634 were detected intracellularly in cell lines expressing CYP3A4. Additionally, a direct glucuronide of bosentan could be identified intracellularly in cell lines expressing UGT1A1 and in the apical compartments of cell lines expressing UGT1A1 and MRP2.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese in vitro data indicate that bosentan is a substrate of UGT1A1. Moreover, the efflux transporter MRP2 mediates export of bosentan and most likely also of bosentan glucuronide in the cell system. Taken together, cell lines simultaneously expressing transport proteins and metabolizing enzymes represent additional useful tools for the investigation of the interplay of transport and metabolism of drugs.
Serum concentration of immunoglobulin G-type antibodies against the whole Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 and its aa35–58 or aa398–404 fragments in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Csuka D , Simon D , Hóbor R , Uray K , Prohászka Z , Bánlaki Z , Jani P K , Szilágyi Á , Hudecz F , Rajczy K , Beke G , Boros Major A , Tordai A , Illés Z , Berki T , Czirják L , Füst G 
Published: February 2013

SummarySeveral studies suggest that infection by Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) might be one of the environmental factors which facilitates the development of autoimmune disorders in genetically susceptible individuals. Recent data indicate that high anti-Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA)-1 immunoglobulin (Ig)G titre is a strong risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients both with and without the main genetic predisposing trait, human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*15:01. Because no similar studies have been published in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, we determined the HLA-DRB1*15:01 carrier state and the serum titres against the whole EBNA-1 and its small fragments aa35–58 and aa398–404 in 301 SLE patients, 135 MS patients and in 345 healthy controls. The carrier state of the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele was deduced from genotyping of a tagSNP (rs3135388) by applying a Taqman-based assay. The serum concentrations of antibodies to EBNA-1 and its aa35–58 or aa398–404 fragments were determined using a commercial assay (ETI-EBNA-G) and home-made enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The serum concentration of anti-EBNA-1 antibodies was significantly (P &lt; 0·001) higher both in MS and SLE patients than in controls. Similar significant differences were found both in HLA-DRB1*15:01 carriers and non-carriers. Furthermore, titres of antibodies against the aa35–58 EBNA-1 fragment were elevated both in MS and SLE patients. By contrast, the levels of aa398–404 EBNA-1 antibodies were elevated significantly only in the SLE patients. These findings indicate that high anti-EBNA-1 IgG titres are HLA-DRB1*15:01-independent risk factors not only for MS, but also for SLE, while high antibody titres against the aa398–404 fragment are characteristic for SLE.