bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Biomarkers in Phase II Trial of Cetuximab-Containing Induction and Chemoradiation in Resectable HNSCC: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E2303
Authors: Psyrri Amanda , Lee Ju-Whei , Pectasides Eirini , Vassilakopoulou Maria , Kosmidis Efstratios K. , Burtness Barbara A. , Rimm David L. , Wanebo Harold J. , Forastiere Arlene A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Purpose: We sought to evaluate the correlation between tissue biomarker expression (using standardized, quantitative immunofluorescence) and clinical outcome in the E2303 trial.
Experimental Design: Sixty-three eligible patients with operable stage III/IV head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) participated in the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2303 phase II trial of induction chemotherapy with weekly cetuximab, paclitaxel, and carboplatin followed by chemoradiation with the same regimen. A tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed and EGF receptor (EGFR), ERK1/2, Met, Akt, STAT3, β-catenin, E-cadherin, EGFR Variant III, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, NF-κB, p53, PI3Kp85, PI3Kp110a, PTEN, NRAS, and pRb protein expression levels were assessed using automated quantitative protein analysis (AQUA). For each dichotomized biomarker, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and event-free survival (EFS) were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log-rank tests. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and test for significance.
Results: Forty-two of 63 patients with TMA data on at least one biomarker were included in the biomarker analysis. Tumor extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 levels were significantly associated with PFS [HR (low/high), 3.29; P = 0.026] and OS [HR (low/high), 4.34; P = 0.008]. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, ERK1/2 remained significantly associated with OS (P = 0.024) and PFS (P = 0.022) after controlling for primary site (oropharynx vs. non-oropharynx) and disease stage (III vs. IV), respectively. Clustering analysis revealed that clusters indicative of activated RAS/MAPK/ERK and/or PI3K/Akt pathways were associated with inferior OS and/or PFS and maintained significance in multivariable analysis.
Conclusions: These results implicate PI3K/Akt and RAS/MAPK/ERK pathways in resistance to cetuximab-containing chemoradiation in HNSCC. Large prospective studies are required to validate these results. Clin Cancer Res; 20(11); 3023–32. ©2014 AACR.
miR-21 Targets 15-PGDH and Promotes Cholangiocarcinoma Growth
Authors: Lu Lu , Byrnes Kathleen , Han Chang , Wang Ying , Wu Tong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractmiRNAs are a group of small, noncoding RNAs that modulate the translation of genes by binding to specific target sites in the target mRNA. This study investigated the biologic function and molecular mechanism of miR-21 in human cholangiocarcinoma. In situ hybridization analysis of human cholangiocarcinoma specimens showed increased miR-21 in cholangiocarcinoma tissue compared with the noncancerous biliary epithelium. Lentiviral transduction of miR-21 enhanced human cholangiocarcinoma cell growth and clonogenic efficiency in vitro, whereas inhibition of miR-21 decreased these parameters. Overexpression of miR-21 also promoted cholangiocarcinoma growth using an in vivo xenograft model system. The NAD+-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH/HPGD), a key enzyme that converts the protumorigenic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to its biologically inactive metabolite, was identified as a direct target of miR-21 in cholangiocarcinoma cells. In parallel, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) overexpression and PGE2 treatment increased miR-21 levels and enhanced miR-21 promoter activity in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.Implications: Cholangiocarcinogenesis and tumor progression are regulated by a novel interplay between COX-2/PGE2 and miR-21 signaling, which converges at 15-PGDH. Mol Cancer Res; 12(6); 890–900. ©2014 AACR.
Unlikely Suspects Identified in Neuroblastoma Conspiracy
Authors: Bernards Rene 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Summary: KIF1B is a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in neuroblastoma whose function is to mediate apoptosis when nerve growth factor becomes limiting in the developing nervous system. Chen and colleagues now provide mechanistic insight into how one of the protein products of this locus, KIF1Bβ, induces apoptosis. Cancer Discov; 4(4); 392–3. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Chen et al., p. 434
Metabolic Dysregulation in Melanoma: Cause or Consequence?
Authors: Haq Rizwan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Summary: Parmenter and colleagues identify molecular pathways by which BRAF–MAPK signaling regulates glycolysis in melanoma, suggesting novel approaches to target these metabolic dependencies. Cancer Discov; 4(4); 390–1. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Parmenter et al., p. 423
Five-Year Outcomes in Patients With Left Main Disease Treated With Either Percutaneous Coronary Intervention or Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in the Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery Trial
Authors: Morice Marie-Claude , Serruys Patrick W. , Kappetein A. Pieter , Feldman Ted E. , Ståhle Elisabeth , Colombo Antonio , Mack Michael J. , Holmes David R. , Choi James W. , Ruzyllo Witold , Religa Grzegorz , Huang Jian , Roy Kristine , Dawkins Keith D. , Mohr Friedrich 
Published: April 2014

Background—
Current guidelines recommend coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) when treating significant de novo left main coronary artery (LM) stenosis; however, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has a class IIa indication for unprotected LM disease in selected patients. This analysis compares 5-year clinical outcomes in PCI- and CABG-treated LM patients in the Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) trial, the largest trial in this group to date.

Methods and Results—

The SYNTAX trial randomly assigned 1800 patients with LM or 3-vessel disease to receive either PCI (with TAXUS Express paclitaxel-eluting stents) or CABG. The unprotected LM cohort (N=705) was predefined and powered. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event rates at 5 years was 36.9% in PCI patients and 31.0% in CABG patients (hazard ratio, 1.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.59];
P
=0.12). Mortality rate was 12.8% and 14.6% in PCI and CABG patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.32];
P
=0.53). Stroke was significantly increased in the CABG group (PCI 1.5% versus CABG 4.3%; hazard ratio, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.92];
P
=0.03) and repeat revascularization in the PCI arm (26.7% versus 15.5%; hazard ratio, 1.82 [95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.57];
P
<0.01). Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events were similar between arms in patients with low/intermediate SYNTAX scores but significantly increased in PCI patients with high scores (≥33).

Conclusions—
At 5 years, no difference in overall major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events was found between treatment groups. PCI-treated patients had a lower stroke but a higher revascularization rate versus CABG. These results suggest that both treatments are valid options for LM patients. The extent of disease should accounted for when choosing between surgery and PCI, because patients with high SYNTAX scores seem to benefit more from surgery compared with those in the lower tertiles.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Unique identifier: NCT00114972.
Perceptual Learning of Simple Stimuli Modifies Stimulus Representations in Posterior Inferior Temporal Cortex
Authors: Adab Hamed Zivari , Popivanov Ivo D. , Vanduffel Wim , Vogels Rufin 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Practicing simple visual detection and discrimination tasks improves performance, a signature of adult brain plasticity. The neural mechanisms that underlie these changes in performance are still unclear. Previously, we reported that practice in discriminating the orientation of noisy gratings (coarse orientation discrimination) increased the ability of single neurons in the early visual area V4 to discriminate the trained stimuli. Here, we ask whether practice in this task also changes the stimulus tuning properties of later visual cortical areas, despite the use of simple grating stimuli. To identify candidate areas, we used fMRI to map activations to noisy gratings in trained rhesus monkeys, revealing a region in the posterior inferior temporal (PIT) cortex. Subsequent single unit recordings in PIT showed that the degree of orientation selectivity was similar to that of area V4 and that the PIT neurons discriminated the trained orientations better than the untrained orientations. Unlike in previous single unit studies of perceptual learning in early visual cortex, more PIT neurons preferred trained compared with untrained orientations. The effects of training on the responses to the grating stimuli were also present when the animals were performing a difficult orthogonal task in which the grating stimuli were task-irrelevant, suggesting that the training effect does not need attention to be expressed. The PIT neurons could support orientation discrimination at low signal-to-noise levels. These findings suggest that extensive practice in discriminating simple grating stimuli not only affects early visual cortex but also changes the stimulus tuning of a late visual cortical area.
Croton condorensis: an enigmatic new species of Euphorbiaceae from southern Ecuador
Authors: Riina Ricarda , VIGO MARCO A. , CERÓN CARLOS E. 
Published: April 2014

Croton condorensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from the Cordillera del Cóndor in southern Ecuador, is here described and illustrated. The new species occurs in sclerophyllous vegetation on sandstone substrate. A detailed examination of its morphology indicates that the species has some characters in common with Croton sect. Cyclostigma, but it also differs from that section in several other key characters. Given its restricted geographic distribution, the particular substrate where it grows, and its unusual morphology, we hypothesize that Croton condorensis might represent a previously unsampled clade of the Croton phylogeny. Se describe e ilustra Croton condorensis (Euphorbiaceae), una nueva especie de la Cordillera del Cóndor en el sur de Ecuador. Esta especie se encuentra en vegetación esclerófila sobre substrato de arenisca. Una examinación detallada de su morfología indica que la especie comparte algunos caracteres morfológicos con miembros de Croton sect. Cyclostigma, pero también posee caracteres clave que no son compatibles con la morfología de dicha sección. Dada su restringida distribución geográfica, el particular substrato en el que crece, y la falta de afinidades morfológicas evidentes con alguna de las secciones de Croton, planteamos la hipótesis de que Croton condorensis podría representar un clado de la filogenia del género aún no muestreado.
Konstruowanie „ja” w twórczości Franciszka Karpińskiego na tle epoki i jej tendencji
Authors: Górecki Przemysław 
Published: April 2014

Constructing the self in the literary work of Franciszek Karpiński against the background of the Enlightenment and its tendenciesThe presented paper provides analysis of the notion ‘autobiographism’ contextualised in the literary output of the Polish poet of the enlightenment, Franciszek Karpiński. The question of autobiographism is presented in terms of the literature and philosophy of Jean Jacques Rousseau. This analysis of the phenomena of authenticity and autobiographicality is concerned with constructing oneself in literature as illustrated by certain works, with the primacy of the mundane The History Of My Age And People With Whom I Lived. The essay draws on The Confessions by Rousseau with a view to specifying the connections between these two novels. The consciousness of the impact Rousseau had on the European sense of literature breaks new ground in the interpretation of the legacy of Karpiński. It also enables the recognition of the complete and compact project situated on the verge of literature and philosophy. The breakthrough of this project is contained in the priority given to the Polish historical literary process and the novelty of the autobiographical attitude, which is considered through the application of basic conceptions concerning autobiographism and the modern identity project of the aesthetic human. Konstruowanie „ja” w twórczości Franciszka Karpińskiego na tle epoki i jej tendencjiSzkic poświęcony jest zagadnieniu autobiografizmu w twórczości Franciszka Karpińskiego ujmowanemu pod kątem jego związków z twórczością i filozofią Jana Jakuba Rousseau. Analiza zjawisk autentyczności i autobiograficzności dotyka kwestii konstruowania siebie w literaturze na przykładzie konkretnych utworów, z których najważniejszym jest przełomowa dla historii polskiej literatury powieść Karpińskiego Historia mego wieku i ludzi z którymi żyłem. Przedmiotem analizy są m.in. jej związki z Wyznaniami Rousseau. Świadomość wpływu Rousseau na europejskie pojmowanie literatury otwiera nowe perspektywy interpretacyjne twórczości Karpińskiego. Pozwala także dostrzec w jego pisarstwie elementy kompletnego, spójnego projektu sytuującego się na granicy literatury i filozofii. Jego przełomowość polega na pierwszeństwie w polskim procesie historycznoliterackim oraz nowatorstwie postawy autobiograficznej, którą rozpatruję w odniesieniu do podstawowych koncepcji dotyczących autobiografizmu, a także nowoczesnego projektu tożsamościowego człowieka estetycznego.
Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskich
Authors: Gotówka Agnieszka 
Published: April 2014

The linguistic and cultural child image in Gorale dialectsThe child image has not been examined in detail by dialectologists to date. However, researchers of standard Polish language and popular culture are interested in this subject. The paper analyses the reconstruction of the linguistic child image in many Gorale dialects (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Slask Cieszynski, Zywiecczyzna, Bukowina). Examples have been taken from regional and dialect dictionaries from the years 1900 - 2011, from proverbs and various mass media texts.Vocabulary which conceptualizes the child image in Gorale dialects is rich and interesting not only from a formal and stylistic point of view, but also, and it is worth mentioning, its origins and geography which are very diverse.This vocabulary reflects the people's relationships and traditions. It reveals the emotions and hierarchy of values, which are typical not only for Gorale but also reflect Polish people's attitude towards the family. Językowo-kulturowy obraz dziecka w gwarach góralskichObraz dziecka jest jak dotąd dość słabo spenetrowanym przez dialektologów obszarem badawczym, wzbudza natomiast zainteresowanie badaczy polszczyzny standardowej (ogólnej) i kultury popularnej. W artykule przeprowadzam rekonstrukcję językowego obrazu dziecka w szeroko rozumianych gwarach góralskich (Podhale, Orawa, Spisz, Śląsk Cieszyński, Żywiecczyzna, Bukowina) na podstawie materiału wyekscerpowanego ze słowników gwarowych i regionalnych, opublikowanych w latach 1900 – 2011, paremii i wybranych tekstów medialnych.Słownictwo służące konceptualizacji dziecka w gwarach góralskich jest bogate i ciekawe nie tylko pod względem formalnym i stylistycznym, ale też, co trzeba podkreślić, zróżnicowane pod względem pochodzenia i geografii. W leksyce nazywającej dziecko w gwarach góralskich odzwierciedla się bogata sieć relacji międzyludzkich, tradycji, ujawniają się emocje i hierarchia wartości, które możemy odnieść nie tylko do mentalności górali, ale w ogóle do postrzegania rodziny przez Polaków.
Relacja z konferencji „Mniejszości narodowe w Chorwacji – problem (nie)rozwiązany?”
Authors: Zanki Angelika 
Published: April 2014

“National minorities in Croatia - the (un)solved problem?” – Conference ReportThe conference “National minorities in Croatia – the (un)solved problem?”, that took place in Warsaw, 23.01.2014, was organized by the Association of Young Diplomats (student research circle) at the University of Warsaw. Invitations to participate in the discussion were accepted by Ivana Škaričić, Dr. Maciej Falski Dr. Marko Babić. The guests focused on the cause-effect relationship of historical events and the contemporary situation in Croatia, as well as on relations between Croats and representatives of national minorities in the country. Introduction - presentation of the legal regulations, figures and description of the situation in the Croatian War of Independence - became the basis for discussion of the most controversial issues, concerning the Serb minority. The guest speakers discussed the appropriateness of introducing bilingualism (problem of Vukovar and the wider perspective) and the purpose and possibility of organizing a referendum on the issue. Experts analyzed the possible implications of such an action on the rise of nationalism. Attention was also concentrated on other minorities in Croatia and their status. An important subject was the influence of the situation in the country on the region, as well as the reactions of the international community, including the European Union. Relacja z konferencji „Mniejszości narodowe w Chorwacji – problem (nie)rozwiązany?”Konferencja „Mniejszości narodowe w Chorwacji – problem (nie)rozwiązany?”, która odbyła się 23.01.2014 roku w Warszawie, zorganizowana została przez Koło Młodych Dyplomatów Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Zaproszeni goście - Ivana Škaričić, Maciej Falski i Marko Babić - skoncentrowali się na wpływie wydarzeń historycznych i współczesnych na sytuację w Chorwacji oraz relacje Chorwatów z przedstawicielami mniejszości narodowych tego kraju. Wprowadzenie do tematu - przedstawienie obowiązujących regulacji prawnych, danych liczbowych oraz opis sytuacji po wojnie ojczyźnianej - stało się podstawą do dyskusji na temat najbardziej kontrowersyjny, dotyczący kwestii mniejszości serbskiej. Dyskutowano zasadność wprowadzenia dwujęzyczności (problem Vukovaru) oraz cel i możliwość organizacji referendum w tej sprawie. Poruszono temat możliwych implikacji takich działań jak pobudzanie nacjonalizmu. Uwaga gości została poświęcona również mniejszościom w Chorwacji i ich statusowi. Przedyskutowano zarówno wpływ sytuacji w tym kraju na państwa regionu, jak i reakcje międzynarodowej opinii publicznej, w tym Unii Europejskiej.
Height Correction of Atmospheric Motion Vectors Using Satellite Lidar Observations from CALIPSO
Authors: Folger Kathrin , Weissmann Martin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAtmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) provide valuable wind information for the initial conditions of numerical weather prediction models, but height-assignment issues and horizontal error correlations require a rigid thinning of the available AMVs in current data assimilation systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of correcting the pressure heights of operational AMVs from the geostationary satellites Meteosat-9 and Meteosat-10 with cloud-top heights derived from lidar observations by the polar-orbiting Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite. The study shows that the wind error of AMVs above 700 hPa is reduced by 12%–17% when AMV winds are assigned to 120-hPa-deep layers below the lidar cloud tops. This result demonstrates the potential of lidar cloud observations for the improvement of the AMV height assignment. In addition, the lidar correction reduces the “slow” bias of current upper-level AMVs and is expected to reduce the horizontal correlation of AMV errors.
The Generation of Near-Cloud Turbulence in Idealized Simulations
Authors: Zovko-Rajak Dragana , Lane Todd P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study explores the generation of turbulence in the upper outflow regions of simulated idealized mesoscale convective systems. The simulated storms are shown to generate parameterized turbulence that occurs significant distances (&gt;100 km) from the main convective regions, in both the clear air surrounding the convection and low simulated reflectivity regions with cloud ice but negligible amounts of graupel and snow. The source of the turbulence is related to Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities that occur in the shear zones above and below the storm-induced upper-level outflow jet that is centered near the tropopause; the model produces resolved-scale billows within regions of low gradient Richardson number. Short-scale gravity waves are also coincident with the regions of turbulence, become trapped within the jet core, and appear to be generated by the shear instability. Additional experiments with different initial upper-level wind shear show similar mechanisms to those simulations with no initial upper-level shear. These results help elucidate the dynamics of turbulence generation near convection, which has important implications for the aviation industry and the fundamental understanding of how convective clouds interact with their environment.
Identification of Processes Driving Low-Level Westerlies in West Equatorial Africa
Authors: Pokam Wilfried M. , Bain Caroline L. , Chadwick Robin S. , Graham Richard , Sonwa Denis Jean , Kamga Francois Mkankam 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates and characterizes the control mechanisms of the low-level circulation over west equatorial Africa (WEA) using four reanalysis datasets. Emphasis is placed on the contribution of the divergent and rotational circulation to the total flow. Additional focus is made on analyzing the zonal wind component, in order to gain insight into the processes that control the variability of the low-level westerlies (LLW) in the region. The results suggest that the control mechanisms differ north and south of 6°N. In the north, the LLW are primarily a rotational flow forming part of the cyclonic circulation driven primarily by the heat low of the West African monsoon system. This northern branch of the LLW is well developed from June to August and disappears in December–February. South of 6°N, the seasonal variability of the LLW is controlled by the heating contrast between cooling associated with subsidence over the ocean and heating over land regions largely south of the equator, where ascent prevails. The heating contrasts lead to a Walker-type circulation with development of LLW as its lower branch. Thus, evidence is presented that the LLW are driven by differential heating. This contrasts with the traditional conceptual view that the Saint Helena high is the primary driver of low-level circulation off the Atlantic Ocean to WEA. Forest cover in WEA may modulate the latent heating that helps to drive the differential heating and maintain the LLW, and this interaction should be the focus of further study.