bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of seeing a family physician on the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients
Authors: Mahdavi Ali Reza , Etemad Koorosh , Haider Muhiuddin , Alavinia Seyed Mohammad 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in diabetic patients reflects the average blood glucose level, and will not be affected by variability in blood glucose in short time. Regular care of patients by medical staff could effectively control glycemic situation. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of medical care by general physicians on glycemic control by measuring of HbA1c.

Methods
In order to assess the effectiveness of National program for diabetes control and prevention in Iran, we compare HbA1c, Fasting blood glucose (FBS), systolic and diastolic blood pressure in two groups of diabetic patients diagnosed in this program. The first group consisted of patients who received at least four visits by General Physician (GP) during one year after the diagnosis, and second group were patients who did not visited by GPs or received 1–3 visits.

Results
After one year, 24.1% of patients did not receive any care, while 57.9% examined at least once a year. Among visited patients, 23.5% received 1–3 times medical care and 23.5% received four or more visits. HbA1c was significantly lowered in patients with appropriate care (four and more) compared with the non cared patients and patients with less than four cares.

Conclusion
Appropriate number of visits for each patient by GPs is an effective glycemic control in diabetic patients. Although this study provides a framework for medical care in diabetes, how to take care of these patients depends on specific situation of each patient and should be determined for each of them individually.
The role of mentalising in the management of violence
Authors: Adshead Gwen , Moore Estelle , Humphrey Martin , Wilson Claire , Tapp James 
Published: January 2013

SummaryViolence between people is a complex social phenomenon involving both social and individual psychological variables. Prevention of violence includes attention to risk factors for violence; but also the provision of interventions for those who have been violent to others. This article explores the evidence that failures of the mentalising process are a risk factor for acts of violence, especially in mental health service users; and describes the implementation of potential therapeutic programmes that seek to improve mentalising in individuals who pose a risk of serious violence to others.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Is There a Correlation?
Authors: Jankovic Bojana , Le Karen T. , Hershman Jerome M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractContext:The link between Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has long been a topic of controversy. There are conflicting reports; some suggest that these two are positively correlated, whereas other studies report no relationship.Evidence Acquisition:We performed a systematic literature review of original studies that investigated the correlation between HT and PTC. The two main search engines used to identify articles were OVID Medline and PubMed. The included studies were categorized into a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) group and an archival thyroidectomy specimen group.Evidence Synthesis:There is no clear evidence to support the correlation between HT and PTC. Population-based FNAB studies report no linkage, whereas many of the studies of thyroidectomy specimens report a positive relationship. The average prevalence rate of PTC in patients with HT was 1.20% in 8 FNA studies of 18 023 specimens and 27.56% in 8 archival thyroidectomy studies of 9 884 specimens. The relative risk ratio of finding evidence of PTC in HT specimens ranged from .39 to 1.00 in the FNA group (average RR = .69) in contrast to 1.15 to 4.16 from the archival thyroidectomy studies (average RR = 1.59). In addition, there are many studies in the literature that propose a genetic link between HT and PTC involving the PI3K/Akt pathway and RET/PTC gene rearrangements.Conclusion:Although limited by the lack of definitive pathology, population-based FNA studies did not find a statistically significant correlation between HT and PTC. Thyroidectomy studies, which reported a statistically significant positive correlation, are subject to selection bias. More prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to further elucidate this relationship.
Dosing Accuracy of Insulin Aspart FlexPens after Transport through the Pneumatic Tube System
Authors: Ward Leah G. , Heckman Michael G. , Warren Amy I. , Tran Kimberly 
Published: January 2013

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether transporting insulin aspart FlexPens via a pneumatic tube system affects the dosing accuracy of the pens. Methods A total of 115 Novo Nordisk FlexPens containing insulin aspart were randomly assigned to be transported via a pneumatic tube system (n = 92) or to serve as the control (n = 23). Each pen was then randomized to 10 international unit (IU) doses (n = 25) or 30 IU doses (n = 67), providing 600 and 603 doses, respectively, for the pneumatic tube group. The control group also received random assignment to 10 IU doses (n = 6) or 30 IU doses (n = 17), providing 144 and 153 doses, respectively. Each dose was expelled using manufacturer instructions. Weights were recorded, corrected for specific gravity, and evaluated based on acceptable International Organization for Standardization (ISO) dosing limits. Results In the group of pens transported through the pneumatic tube system, none of the 600 doses of 10 IU (0.0%; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.6) and none of the 603 doses of 30 IU (0.0%; 95% CI, 0.0 to 0.6) fell outside of the range of acceptable weights. Correspondingly, in the control group, none of the 144 doses at 10 IU (0.0%; 95% CI, 0.0 to 2.5) and none of the 153 doses at 30 IU (0.0%; 95% CI, 0.0 to 2.4) were outside of acceptable ISO limits. Conclusion Transportation via pneumatic tube system does not appear to compromise dosing accuracy. Hospital pharmacies may rely on the pneumatic tube system for timely and accurate transport of insulin aspart FlexPens.
Implementation of a Standardized Discharge Time-out Process to Reduce Prescribing Errors at Discharge
Authors: Beardsley James R. , Schomberg Regina H. , Heatherly Steven J. , Williams Beth S. 
Published: January 2013

Background To reduce prescribing errors occurring on discharge from the hospital, a standardized discharge time-out process was implemented on a general medicine service at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. In the time-out process, the multidisciplinary care team reviewed the patient's medical records together to determine the optimal discharge medication regimen. This regimen was recorded on a time-out form and then was used to develop the patient's discharge documents. Objective To evaluate the impact of a standardized discharge time-out process on prescribing errors that occur as patients are discharged from a general medicine service. Methods The medical records of all patients discharged from a general medicine service during 60-day periods before (“pre-group”) and after (“post-group”) implementation of a standardized discharge time-out process were retrospectively reviewed by an internal medicine physician to determine the presence of discharge prescribing errors. Results There were 142 and 124 evaluable patients in the pre- and post-groups, respectively. Compliance with the time-out process was 93% in the post-group. At least 1 prescribing error was detected in 49 (34.5%) of the discharges in the pre-group and 17 (13%) of the discharges in the post-group ( P < .0001). All of the errors noted in the post-group occurred in discharges in which a clinical pharmacist was not involved. Conclusions A multidisciplinary, standardized discharge time-out process was associated with a dramatic reduction in prescribing errors when patients were discharged from a general medicine service. The time-out process is one strategy to improve patient safety at hospital discharge.
Y-Site Compatibility of Vancomycin and Piperacillin/Tazobactam at Commonly Utilized Pediatric Concentrations
Authors: Nichols Kristen R. , DeMarco Michael W. , Vertin Michael D. , Knoderer Chad A. 
Published: January 2013

Background Vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam are common empiric antibiotics in hospitalized pediatric patients. Studies evaluating intravenous (IV) compatibility at various concentrations show inconsistent results. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the Y-site compatibility of vancomycin 10 mg/mL and piperacillin/tazobactam 112.5 mg/mL. Methods Vancomycin (10 g vial) was reconstituted using sterile water for injection (SWFI) and diluted with 5% dextrose in water (D5W) to a final concentration of 10 mg/mL in an evacuated IV bag. Piperacillin/tazobactam (40.5 g vial) was reconstituted and diluted with SWFI to a final concentration of 112.5 mg/mL (100 mg/mL piperacillin) in an evacuated IV bag. Both antibacterial stock solutions were then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C (39.2°F). Initial solution appearances, including color, clarity, and particulates, were documented. Diluted solutions were mixed in a quantity of 3 mL of each vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam in glass test tubes. Subsequent evaluation included pH assessment and visual evaluation with unaided eye, magnifying glass, high-beam light, and via Spec-20 turbidimeter. Solution mixtures were evaluated upon mixing and again at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after mixing. Results Initial combination of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam resulted in a milky precipitate, visible to the unaided eye, which dissipated 15 seconds after mixing. No precipitate was visualized via any method at any additional time point. Turbidimetry and pH readings did not demonstrate differences from baseline measurements. Conclusions A combination of vancomycin 10 mg/mL and piperacillin/tazobactam 112.5 mg/mL demonstrated precipitation immediately upon mixing. Co-infusion of vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam via Y-site should be considered incompatible.
Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Tablets
Authors: Cada Dennis J. , Torres Silvia , Levien Terri L. , Baker Danial E. 
Published: January 2013

Each month, subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service receive 5 to 6 well-documented monographs on drugs that are newly released or are in late phase 3 trials. The monographs are targeted to Pharmacy & Therapeutics Committees. Subscribers also receive monthly 1-page summary monographs on agents that are useful for agendas and pharmacy/nursing in-services. A comprehensive target drug utilization evaluation/medication use evaluation (DUE/MUE) is also provided each month. With a subscription, the monographs are sent in print and are also available on-line. Monographs can be customized to meet the needs of a facility. Subscribers to The Formulary Monograph Service also receive access to a pharmacy bulletin board, The Formulary Information Exchange (The F.I.X.). All topics pertinent to clinical and hospital pharmacy are discussed on The F.I.X. A drug class review is now published monthly with The Formulary Monograph Service. Through the cooperation of The Formulary, Hospital Pharmacy publishes selected reviews in this column. For more information about The Formulary Monograph Service or The F.I.X., call The Formulary at 800-322-4349. The January 2013 monograph topics are onperampanel, omacetaxine mepesuccinate, ocriplasmin, sodium picosulfate/magnesium oxide/anhydrous citric acid, and lomitapide. The DUE/MUE is on perampanel.
Is Glacial Acetic Acid Really Needed at Your Hospital? Providing Patients with Unused Medications at Discharge; Is it Insulin or Heparin? Warning! Do Not Use Unrefrigerated Avastin and Lucentis
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: January 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Automotive Lubricants and Testing
Authors: Tung Simon C. , Totten George E. 
Published: January 2013

Description
Thirty chapters provide a comprehensive overview of various lubrication aspects of a typical powertrain system including the engine, transmission, driveline, chassis, and other components. The manual addresses major issues and current development status of automotive lubricant test methods.
Topics also cover advanced lubrication and tribochemistry of the powertrain system, such as diesel fuel lubrication, specialized automotive lubricant testing development, filtration testing of automotive lubricants, lubrication of constant velocity joints, and biodegradable automotive lubricants.
Major chapters cover
Current and Future Advances in Materials Development for Tribological Applications
Authors: Rivolta Barbara , Canale Lauralice 
Published: January 2013

Improvements in the tribological performance of engines can produce many benefits, the most important of which are
• A reduction in fuel and oil consumption;
• A reduction in maintenance requirements and no longer of service intervals;
• An increase in engine power output;
• Harmful exhaust emissions reduction; and
• Improved durability, reliability, and engine life.
THERAPY IN ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Etomidate in the management of hypercortisolaemia in Cushing's syndrome: a review
Authors: Preda Veronica A , Sen Jonathan , Karavitaki Niki , Grossman Ashley B 
Published: January 2013

The authors apologise for the publication of an error in Table 2 of this article published in the European Journal of Endocrinology 167 137–143. They wish to make clear in Table 2 that they are stipulating the dose of etomidate and that the corresponding dose of hydrocortisone for complete blockade should be 0.5–1.0 mg/h. The correct table is published in full below.Table 2Treatment of hypercorticolism with etomidate: Recommendations.Infusion rate optionsBlockadeCortisol levelBiochemical monitoringOtherEtomidate (IV) 0.04–0.05 m/kg per h=2.5–3.0 mg/hPartial to complete depending on clinical circumstance of the patientTitrate to serum cortisol 500–800 nmol/l in physiologically stressed patient, 150–300 nmol/l in non-physiologically stressed patientPotassium level Cortisol levelSedation scoring initially every two hours then every 12 hours after first 24 hoursHydrocortisone IV 0.5–1.0 mg/hComplete (will need steroid replacement)<150 nmol/lPotassium level Cortisol levelThis table could now be used as a practical guide for clinicians commencing infusions on the ward of etomidate and required hydrocortisone replacement.
The Crucial Role of Recess in School
Authors:   COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, Murray Robert , Ramstetter Catherine , Devore Cynthia , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Barnett Stephen , Gunther Robert , Holmes Breena Welch , Lamont Jeffrey , Minier Mark , Okamoto Jeffery , Wheeler Lani , Young Thomas 
Published: January 2013

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed April 2023.
Recess is at the heart of a vigorous debate over the role of schools in promoting the optimal development of the whole child. A growing trend toward reallocating time in school to accentuate the more academic subjects has put this important facet of a child’s school day at risk. Recess serves as a necessary break from the rigors of concentrated, academic challenges in the classroom. But equally important is the fact that safe and well-supervised recess offers cognitive, social, emotional, and physical benefits that may not be fully appreciated when a decision is made to diminish it. Recess is unique from, and a complement to, physical education—not a substitute for it. The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that recess is a crucial and necessary component of a child’s development and, as such, it should not be withheld for punitive or academic reasons.
Role of the School Physician
Authors:   COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, Devore Cynthia DiLaura , Wheeler Lani S.M. , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Barnett Stephen , Gunther Robert , Holmes Breena Welch , Lamont Jeffrey , Minier Mark , Okamoto Jeffery , Young Thomas 
Published: January 2013

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed January 2019.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes the important role physicians play in promoting the optimal biopsychosocial well-being of children in the school setting. Although the concept of a school physician has existed for more than a century, uniformity among states and school districts regarding physicians in schools and the laws governing it are lacking. By understanding the roles and contributions physicians can make to schools, pediatricians can support and promote school physicians in their communities and improve health and safety for children.
A Real-World Business Approach to Teaching M.B.A. Managerial Accounting: Motivation, Design, and Implementation
Authors: Tan John , Satin Diane C. , Lubwama Christopher W. K. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT:
This article explains the motivation, design, and implementation of a real-world business approach to teaching managerial accounting in an M.B.A. program to facilitate a shift in student learning from traditional passive listening to active participation. A teaching methodology requiring students to work through the evolution of a potentially viable business contributes to a long-standing effort in the profession to link practice and theory. The course immerses students in the life of an evolving business in four ways: working assignments based on lectures, discussing costing concepts individually with the instructor, summarizing existing research papers, and most importantly participating in mutual interest groups to develop a realistic business plan based on personal research. This approach integrates learning of cost concepts with developing critical thinking skills. It differs from other student projects because students may choose a business based on interest in any industry, and the instructor provides no cost or industry data. Anecdotal evidence indicates that this approach works to stimulate student learning. This paper also addresses some limitations of this approach.
Measuring clinical practice: science and methods
Authors: Angevine Peter D. , McCormick Paul C. 
Published: January 2013

The routine practice of neurosurgery generates a large amount of clinical data. The structured, systematic capture of this information using clinical registries or other rigorously designed observational studies can yield useful evidence to help improve the care of patients. Registries in particular can be designed to measure outcomes in real-world clinical settings and to study differences in outcomes between subgroups. This information can help clinicians to advise patients regarding their treatment options.
To provide valid, generalizable evidence, however, registries and other observational studies must be designed and conducted with a rigor similar to that of randomized clinical trials. Neurosurgeons with a basic understanding of the potential advantages and pitfalls of nonrandomized trials and the methods of statistical analysis will be able to assess the quality of clinical data and to incorporate the findings appropriately into their patients' care.
The evolution of a clinical registry during 25 years of experience with Gamma Knife radiosurgery in Pittsburgh
Authors: Berkowitz Oren , Kondziolka Douglas , Bissonette David , Niranjan Ajay , Kano Hideyuki , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: January 2013

Object
The first North American 201 cobalt-60 source Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) device was introduced at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in 1987. The introduction of this innovative and largely untested surgical procedure prompted the desire to study patient outcomes and evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. The parallel advances in computer software and database technology led to the development of a registry to track patient outcomes at this center. The purpose of this study was to describe the registry's evolution and to evaluate its usefulness.

Methods
A team was created to develop a software database and tracking system to organize and retain information on the usage of GKS. All patients undergoing GKS were systematically entered into this database by a clinician familiar with the technology and the clinical indications. Information included patient demographics and diagnosis as well as the anatomical site of the target and details of the procedure.

Results
There are currently 11,738 patients in the database, which began to be used in August 1987. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center has pioneered the evaluation and publication of the GKS technique and outcomes. Data derived from this computer database have facilitated the publication of more than 400 peer-reviewed manuscripts, more than 200 book chapters, 8 books, and more than 300 published abstracts and scientific presentations. The use of GKS has become a well-established surgical technique that has been performed more than 700,000 times around the world.

Conclusions
The development of a patient registry to track and analyze the use of GKS has given investigators the ability to study patient procedures and outcomes. The future of clinical medical research will rely on the ability of clinical centers to store and to share information.
The future of practice science: challenges and opportunities for neurosurgery
Authors: Selden Nathan R. , Ghogawala Zoher , Harbaugh Robert E. , Litvack Zachary N. , McGirt Matthew J. , Asher Anthony L. 
Published: January 2013

Outcomes-directed approaches to quality improvement have been adopted by diverse industries and are increasingly the focus of government-mandated reforms to health care education and delivery. The authors identify and review current reform initiatives originating from agencies regulating and funding graduate medical education and health care delivery. These reforms use outcomes-based methodologies and incorporate principles of lifelong learning and patient centeredness.
Important new initiatives include the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones; the pending adoption by the American Board of Neurological Surgery of new requirements for Maintenance of Certification that are in part outcomes based; initiation by health care systems and consortia of public reporting of patient outcomes data; institution by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services of requirements for comparative effectiveness research and the physician quality reporting system; and linking of health care reimbursement in part to patient outcomes data and quality measures. Opportunities exist to coordinate and unify patient outcomes measurement throughout neurosurgical training and practice, enabling effective patient-centered improvements in care delivery as well as efficient compliance with regulatory mandates. Coordination will likely require the development of a new science of practice based in the daily clinical environment and utilizing clinical data registries. A generation of outcomes science and quality experts within neurosurgery should be trained to facilitate attainment of these goals.