bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative Analyses for Functional Mechanisms Underlying Associations for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Deng Fei-Yan , Lei Shu-Feng , Zhu Hong , Zhang Yong-Hong , Zhang Zeng-Li 
Published: May 2013

Objective.Extensive association analyses including genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and powerful metaanalysis studies have identified a long list of loci associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in very large populations, but most of them established statistical associations of genetic markers and RA only at the DNA level, without supporting evidence of functional relevance. Our study serves as a trial to detect the functional mechanisms underlying associations for RA by searching publicly available datasets and results.Methods.Based on publicly available datasets and results, we performed integrative analyses (gene relationships across implicated loci analysis, differential gene expression analysis, and functional annotation clustering analysis) and combined them with the expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) results to dissect functional mechanisms underlying the associations for RA.Results.By searching 2 GWAS, Integrator and PheGenI, we selected 98 RA association results (p < 10−5). Among these associations, we found that 8 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; rs1600249, rs2736340, rs3093023, rs3093024, rs4810485, rs615672, rs660895, and rs9272219) serve as cis-effect regulators of the corresponding eQTL genes (BLK and CD4 in non-HLA region; CCR6, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 in HLA region) that also were differentially expressed in RA-related cell groups. These 5 genes are closely related with immune response in function.Conclusion.Our results showed the functional mechanisms underlying the associations of 8 SNP and the corresponding genes. This study is an example of mining publicly available datasets and results in validation of significant disease-association results. Using public data resources for integrative analyses may provide insights into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying human diseases.
Recurrent Leakage After Visudyne Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma
Authors: Beardsley Robert M. , McCannel Colin A. , McCannel Tara A. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND:
To report on the recurrence of serous retinal detachment following verteporfin photodynamic therapy for circumscribed choroidal hemangioma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A single-center chart review was performed for patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH) treated with Visudyne (verteporfin injection; QLT Ophthalmics, Menlo Park, CA) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Initial and post-treatment visual acuity, ultrasound and ocular coherence tomography were evaluated.

RESULTS:
Four patients who were treated with PDT for symptomatic serous retinal detachment secondary to CCH were managed for recurrent leakage and followed for an average of 47.5 months. Two patients required three re-treatments and two required four re-treatments for recurrent detachment. Average time to re-treatment was 23.4 months, with successive re-treatment intervals decreasing to 13 months, then 9.5 months, and finally 3.5 months.

CONCLUSION:
Visudyne PDT is a successful initial treatment modality for CCH with serous retinal detachment; however, those patients who require multiple re-treatments may experience recurrent leakage at more frequent intervals.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:248–251.]
Macular Pigment Optical Density in a Central European Population
Authors: Pipis Antonios , Touliou Eftychia , Augustin Albert J. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study is to measure the macular pigment optical density and study its spatial profile as well as identify its determinant factors in a Central European population.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and its distribution were assessed in 228 eyes of 129 subjects using fundus reflectometry with the Visucam 500 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany).

RESULTS:
A statistically significant positive association between a diet rich in xanthophylls and all MPOD values was found. A positive monotonic relationship was demonstrated between an increasing degree in pigment distribution eccentricity and age, as well as all MPOD values except for area.

CONCLUSION:
Assuming that macular pigment is protective against age-related macular degeneration, our study highlights the role of nutritional counseling and intervention in preventing this disease. Furthermore, MPOD appears to increase with age, and the distribution of macular pigment appears to form more eccentric profiles.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:260–267.]
A new trap-jawed ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) from Canadian Late Cretaceous amber
Authors: McKellar Ryan C. , Glasier James R.N. , Engel Michael S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new genus and species are described within the extinct tribe Haidomyrmecini, and tentatively placed within the subfamily Sphecomyrminae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).Haidoterminus cippusnew genus and speciesexpands the distribution of the bizarre, exclusively Cretaceous, trap-jawed Haidomyrmecini beyond their previous records in mid-Cretaceous Burmese and French amber, and into Laurentia. The new material from the Grassy Lake, Alberta, Canada collecting locality also provides evidence that these highly specialised, likely arboreal, ants persisted for an additional 20 million years, reaching the Late Cretaceous. Morphological features ofH. cippus, such as the presence of an elongate antennomere II (pedicel), further support the argument that Haidomyrmecini may not actually belong within the subfamily Sphecomyrminae, and may warrant recognition at the subfamily level or inclusion as a highly autapomorphic clade within another subfamily. Despite the introduction of new fossil material, and the clarity of preservation in Canadian amber, the mystery of how Haidomyrmecini fed remains unsolved.
Host–tree oviposition preference of balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), in New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Johns Rob C. , Fidgen J. , Ostaff Don P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLaboratory experiments using field-collected females were carried out to determine the oviposition preference of the balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) in New Brunswick, Canada. Unmated adult females given no choice among host–plant foliage laid ∼98% of available eggs on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (Linnaeus) Miller; Pinaceae), but only 8% and 10%, respectively, on white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; Pinaceae) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Miller) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg). Given a choice among shoots from all three hosts in the same chamber, unmated females laid all but one egg in balsam fir. Host plant had no effect on female longevity, although there were nearly four- to eightfold more empty egg slits on balsam fir needles, owing presumably to the greater activity of females on this preferred host foliage.
Athletic Trainer Perceptions of Life-Work Balance and Parenting Concerns
Authors: Eberman Lindsey E. , Kahanov Leamor 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Life-work balance may be one reason for retention concerns among athletic trainers (ATs), yet evidence does not exist to support the supposition.

Objective:
To assess the perceptions of ATs regarding life-work balance, specifically on parenting issues.

Design:
Survey.

Setting:
Online survey at www.surveymonkey.com.

Patients or Other Participants:
A random sample of National Athletic Trainers' Association members (N = 9516) received the survey; 20.6% (n = 1962; male = 954, female = 816; age = 37 ± 10 years, experience = 13 ± 9 years) completed any portion of the survey. Most respondents worked in the college/university (34.5%, n = 657 of 1908) and secondary school settings (25.9%, n = 476 of 1908). A majority of participants (50.7%, n = 898 of 1770) were parents.

Intervention(s):
We calculated frequencies and percentages and used Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests to identify the differences between sexes and among job settings on life-work balance measures among parents.

Main Outcome Measures:
The questionnaire included 8 life-work balance items, 7 parenting challenge items, and 3 nonparent items.

Results:
The results indicate that sex and setting significantly affected perceptions about parenting. Males articulated a stronger sense of difficulty in finding balance as a working parent (P &lt; .001; 1.95 ± 1.98). Females felt more strongly than males that managing work and family was stressful (P = .04; 3.86 ± 1.13) and caused burnout (P = .004; 3.50 ± 1.24), and that their energy tended to fall short of their needs (P &lt; .001; 3.74 ± 1.15). The decision not to have children was strongly affected by the work setting (P = .014; 3.37 ± 1.42). Both college/university (4.14 ± 0.85) and secondary school (4.03 ± 0.90) ATs would prefer to spend more time at home, as compared with ATs in other settings (P &lt; .001). College/university ATs (P = .025; 3.17 ± 1.23) felt most strongly that their families were neglected because of work. In none of the settings did ATs feel that their employment settings were particularly tolerant of their parenting responsibilities (P = .027; 1.72 ± 1.97).

Conclusions:
Male and female employees had similar perceptions of life-work balance, but occupational setting may affect these perceptions.
Changes in Lower Extremity Biomechanics Due to a Short-Term Fatigue Protocol
Authors: Cortes Nelson , Greska Eric , Kollock Roger , Ambegaonkar Jatin , Onate James A. 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury has been reported to occur during the later stages of a game when fatigue is most likely present. Few researchers have focused on progressive changes in lower extremity biomechanics that occur throughout fatiguing.

Objective:
To evaluate the effects of a sequential fatigue protocol on lower extremity biomechanics during a sidestep-cutting task (SS).

Design:
Controlled laboratory study.

Setting:
Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Eighteen uninjured female collegiate soccer players (age = 19.2 ± 0.9 years, height = 1.66 ± 0.5 m, mass = 61.6 ± 5.1 kg) volunteered.

Intervention(s):
The independent variable was fatigue level, with 3 levels (prefatigue, 50% fatigue, and 100% fatigue). Using 3-dimensional motion capture, we assessed lower extremity biomechanics during the SS. Participants alternated between a fatigue protocol that solicited different muscle groups and mimicked actual sport situations and unanticipated SS trials. The process was repeated until fatigue was attained.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Dependent variables were hip- and knee-flexion and abduction angles and internal moments measured at initial contact and peak stance and defined as measures obtained between 0% and 50% of stance phase.

Results:
Knee-flexion angle decreased from prefatigue (−17° ± 5°) to 50% fatigue (−16° ± 6°) and to 100% fatigue (−14° ± 4°) (F2,34 = 5.112, P = .004). Knee flexion at peak stance increased from prefatigue (−52.9° ± 5.6°) to 50% fatigue (−56.1° ± 7.2°) but decreased from 50% to 100% fatigue (−50.5° ± 7.1°) (F2,34 = 8.282, P = 001). Knee-adduction moment at peak stance increased from prefatigue (0.49 ± 0.23 Nm/kgm) to 50% fatigue (0.55 ± 0.25 Nm/kgm) but decreased from 50% to 100% fatigue (0.37 ± 0.24) (F2,34 = 3.755, P = 03). Hip-flexion angle increased from prefatigue (45.4° ± 10.9°) to 50% fatigue (46.2° ± 11.2°) but decreased from 50% to 100% fatigue (40.9° ± 11.3°) (F2,34 = 6.542, P = .004). Hip flexion at peak stance increased from prefatigue (49.8° ± 9.9°) to 50% fatigue (52.9° ± 12.1°) but decreased from 50% to 100% fatigue (46.3° ± 12.9°) (F2,34 = 8.639, P = 001). Hip-abduction angle at initial contact decreased from prefatigue (−13.8° ± 6.6°) to 50% fatigue (−9.1° ± 6.5°) and to 100% fatigue (−7.8° ± 6.5°) (F2,34 = 11.228, P &lt; .001). Hip-adduction moment decreased from prefatigue (0.14 ± 0.13 Nm/kgm) to 50% fatigue (0.08 ± 0.13 Nm/kgm) and to 100% fatigue (0.06 ± 0.05 Nm/kg) (F2,34 = 5.767, P = .007).

Conclusions:
The detrimental effects of fatigue on sagittal and frontal mechanics of the hip and knee were visible at 50% of the participants' maximal fatigue and became more marked at 100% fatigue. Anterior cruciate ligament injury-prevention programs should emphasize feedback on proper mechanics throughout an entire practice and not only at the beginning of practice.
Study of the Anatomical Variations in the Middle Meatus on Nasal Endoscopy
Authors: Bist SS , Mishra Sarita , Agrawal Vinish , Kabdwal Namita 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe anatomical variations of the lateral wall of nose may create technical difficulties during surgery and increase predisposition for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Various cadaveric and radiological studies have been carried out to identify the variations of critical landmarks in sinonasal anatomy. However, studies analyzing the nasal endoscopic examination of living patients are scarce.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare the anatomical variations in the middle meatus of patients having CRS with that of normal population.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective clinical study, where 700 subjects (1,400 middle meatus) were subjected to diagnostic nasal endoscopy, over a period of 2 years. A total of 350 subjects each with CRS and normal population were included in the case and control group, respectively. Endoscopic examination of nasal cavity was done to observe the middle meatus configuration.ResultsThe anatomical variations in the case group were significantly higher that of control. The most common atypical anatomical presentation in both the case and control group were atypical agger nasi (14vs7%, p-value = 0.0001), concha bullosa in middle turbinate (12vs9%, p-value = 0.0809), medially projected uncinate process (10vs4%, p-value = 0.0001), and sausage shaped ethmoid bulla (18vs10%, p-value = 0.0001). Interestingly, opening of ethmoid bulla was also observed in both the groups.ConclusionThe prevalence of anatomic variations is significantly higher in the case group. However, the detection of a single anatomical variant itself does not establish the genesis of pathophysiology of CRS. Familiarity with such anatomy is important to optimize surgical treatment of sinus disease, while avoiding complications.How to cite this articleBist SS, Varshney S, Bhagat S, Mishra S, Agrawal V, Kabdwal N. Study of the Anatomical Variations in the Middle Meatus on Nasal Endoscopy. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(1):16-21.
Ashes2Art: Collaboration and Community in the Humanities
Authors: Flaten Arne , Gill Alyson 
Published: May 2013

Ashes2Art is the integration of research and pedagogy in digital
reconstructions of ancient monuments, data retrieval matrices, open source
software and intercollegiate collaboration. The program's immediate focus
is 4th century BCE Delphi, Greece. A joint effort among faculty and
undergraduate students at Coastal Carolina University and Arkansas State
University, Ashes2Art combines art history, archaeology, Web design, digital
modeling, panoramic photography, animation, video and site-specific travel.
Sociological implications of scientific publishing: Open access, science, society, democracy and the digital divide
Authors: Herb Ulrich 
Published: May 2013

Claims for Open Access are mostly underpinned with
a) science-related arguments (Open Access accelerates scientific communication)
b) financial arguments (Open Access relieves the serials crisis),
c) social arguments (Open Access reduces the Digital Divide),
d) democracy-related arguments (Open Access facilitates participation)
e) and socio-political arguments (Open Access levels disparities).

Using sociological concepts and notions, this article analyses some of the assumptions mentioned above. It focuses strongly on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of (scientific) capital and its implications for the acceptance of Open Access, on Michel Foucault's discourse analysis and on the implications of Open Access for the concept of the Digital Divide. Bourdieu's theory of capital implies that the acceptance of Open Access depends on the logic of power and the accumulation of scientific capital. It does not depend on slogans derived from hagiographic self-perceptions of science (e.g. the acceleration of scientific communication) and scientists (e.g. their will to share their information freely). According to Bourdieu's theory, it is crucial for Open Access (and associated concepts like alternative impact metrics) how scientists perceive its potential influence on existing processes of capital accumulation and how Open Access will affect their demand for distinction. Concerning the Digital Divide concept, Foucault's discourse analysis suggests that Open Access may intensify disparities, scientocentrisms and ethnocentrisms. Additionally, several concepts from the philosophy of sciences (Karl Raimund Popper, Samuel Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend) and their implicit connection to the concept of Open Access are described in this paper.
B Lymphocytes
Authors: Bondada Subbarao , Chelvarajan Ralph L , Gururajan Murali 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBone marrow‐derived (B) lymphocytes are antibody‐producing cells in the body. Antibody production is initiated on recognition of antigen via a specific immunoglobulin receptor, and reception of growth and differentiation signals. B lymphocytes are also important for the activation of helper T lymphocytes and are integral for the memory component of the immune response. A variety of B cell subsets exist that have distinct phenotypes and functions. Effector B cells mediate B‐cell responses to antigens and vaccines, whereas regulatory B cells mediate suppression of T cells. In addition to antibody secretion, B cells present antigen to T cells, and B‐cell secretion of soluble factors like cytokines and chemokines is important for B‐cell responses to infectious diseases. Excessive or uncontrolled B‐cell activation lead to the development of B‐cell lymphoma and autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic antibodies that deplete B cells are in clinical use for the treatment of B‐cell lymphomas and B cell‐mediated autoimmune diseases.Key Concepts:B cells develop in the bone marrow.B lymphocytes mediate antibody responses.B cell maturation occurs in the bone marrow and in the spleen.Mature B cells reside in the secondary lymphoid organs like spleen and lymph nodes.B cell subsets are defined by surface marker expression and phenotypic characteristics.Thymus independent (TI) antigens activate B cells without a need for antigen‐specific helper T cells. Thymus‐dependent (TD) antigens have an obligate requirement for cognate interaction with antigen‐specific helper T cells to activate B cells.B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.Antibodies bind to antigens and neutralise the infection (neutralising antibodies).B cell depletion is an effective therapy in B lymphoma and autoimmune diseases.
Lymphocyte Activation: Signal Transduction
Authors: P Kane Lawrence 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Adaptive immunity depends on the transfer of information across the plasma membrane of T and B lymphocytes. This information takes the form of signal transduction pathways that are initiated by the recognition of antigens by specific transmembrane receptors, and that result in a complex series of biochemical changes within the cell that ultimately alter cellular function. A key feature of antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes is that they contain no intrinsic catalytic activity. Rather, they signal through the initial activation of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, which then phosphorylate various cytoplasmic and membrane‐bound adaptor proteins. These adaptor proteins function as molecular scaffolds for the further activation of downstream signalling pathways that mediate the ultimate effects of antigen recognition on lymphocyte function, including modification of transcription factors and changes in the cytoskeleton.

Key Concepts:

Lymphocyte antigen receptors consist of separate modules for antigen recognition and signal transduction.

Lymphocyte antigen receptors contain no intrinsic catalytic activity, but rather link to nonreceptor tyrosine kinases.

The immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif is critical for linking antigen receptors to tyrosine kinases.

Both cytoplasmic and transmembrane adaptor proteins are important for translating proximal antigen receptor signalling to common downstream signalling pathways.

Downstream effectors of antigen receptor signalling include serine/threonine kinases and small G proteins.

Antigen‐receptor signalling can be modulated by other coreceptors expressed by lymphocytes.

Antigen‐receptor signalling is critical for both activation of mature lymphocytes as well as for their development in the bone marrow or thymus.
Host Defence (Antimicrobial) Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Wuerth Kelli C , Hilchie Ashley L , Brown Kelly L , Hancock Robert EW 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Host defence (antimicrobial) peptides are small cationic peptides that contain several hydrophobic amino acids. Such peptides typically form amphipathic structures in membrane‐mimicking environments, which contribute to peptide activity on essential membrane‐dependent processes, membrane permeabilisation and/or cell penetration. Host defence peptides (HDPs) have a variety of biological properties, including profound immune‐modulating properties and direct antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic and anticancer activities. Thus, HDPs are important effectors of the immune system; however, the effector functions of these peptides are often heavily dependent on their microenvironment. The direct antibacterial properties of many peptides are eliminated in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of cations and polyanions, although the immune‐modulating properties of these peptides persist under these conditions even in the presence of serum. The immune‐modulating properties are anti‐infective and include chemokine induction and host cell recruitment/differentiation, antiinflammatory activity, promotion of effective adaptive immunity and wound healing activity. Using human peptides as examples, the biological properties of HDPs are discussed herein in an attempt to expose their potential as templates for novel therapeutic agents.

Key Concepts:

The direct antimicrobial properties of small cationic peptides are often eliminated in the presence of physiologically relevant concentrations of serum and salt; thus they are more accurately described as host defence peptides.

The immunomodulatory properties of host defence peptides are complex, have been confirmed
in vivo
, and contribute to anti‐infective immunity.

Humans express several defensins and one cathelicidin (hCAP‐18/LL‐37).

Human defensins and cathelicidins are produced by many cell types and have many biological properties, including the ability to destroy pathogens and alter immune responses.

Host defence peptides can be modified to improve their biological activities.