bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased rates of epigenetic aging in a population with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Holmes Holly E. , Valentin Rafael E. , Jernerén Fredrik , de Jager Loots Celeste A. , Refsum Helga , Smith A. David , Guarente Leonard , Dellinger Ryan W. , Sampson Dayle ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2024

AbstractElevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) is associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia. In this study, we report the relationship between tHcy and epigenetic age in older adults with mild cognitive impairment from the VITACOG study. Epigenetic age and rate of aging (ROA) were assessed using various epigenetic clocks, including those developed by Horvath and Hannum, DNAmPhenoAge, and with a focus on Index, a new principal component‐based epigenetic clock that, like DNAmPhenoAge, is trained to predict an individual's “PhenoAge.” We identified significant associations between tHcy levels and ROA, suggesting that hyperhomocysteinemic individuals were aging at a faster rate. Moreover, Index revealed a normalization of accelerated epigenetic aging in these individuals following treatment with tHcy‐lowering B‐vitamins. Our results indicate that elevated tHcy is a risk factor for accelerated epigenetic aging, and this can be ameliorated with B‐vitamins. These findings have broad relevance for the sizable proportion of the worldwide population with elevated tHcy.
Testing in functional constipation—What's new and what works
Authors: Rodriguez Leonel 
Published: June 2024

SummaryBackgroundConstipation is among the most common symptoms prompting a consultation with a paediatric gastroenterologist. While most patients will respond to lifestyle and dietary changes and conventional therapy, some may require diagnostic studies.AimTo review the diagnostics studies used to evaluate children with functional constipation.Materials and MethodsThere is no evidence to support the routine use of abdominal X‐rays in the evaluation of paediatric constipation. Colon transit by radiopaque markers (ROM) should be indicated when medical history does not match clinical findings, to guide colon manometry (CM) performance and to discriminate between faecal incontinence from functional constipation and non‐retentive faecal incontinence. Colon scintigraphy may be useful as an alternative to ROM. Lumbar spine MRI may be indicated to evaluate for spinal abnormalities. The role of defecography has not been properly evaluated in children. Anorectal manometry in children is indicated primarily to evaluate anal resting pressure, presence and quality of the recto‐anal inhibitory reflex and simulated defecation manoeuvres. The CM is indicated to guide surgical interventions after failing medical therapy.ConclusionsThe goal of these studies is to identify treatable causes of constipation. Most of these studies are designed to evaluate anatomy, transit and/or colon/rectum motility function and are primarily indicated in those who fail to respond to conventional therapy.
Letter: Over‐the‐scope clips in patients at high risk of re‐bleeding following upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding—The magic bullet for everyone?
Authors: Allo Gabriel , Nierhoff Dirk , Kasper Philipp 
Published: June 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to He et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18093 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18132
Models of bee responses to land use and land cover changes in agricultural landscapes – a review and research agenda
Authors: Rouabah Abdelhak , Rabolin‐Meinrad Chantal , Gay Camille , Therond Olivier 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTPredictive modelling tools can be used to support the design of agricultural landscapes to promote pollinator biodiversity and pollination services. Despite the proliferation of such modelling tools in recent decades, there remains a gap in synthesising their main characteristics and representation capacities. Here, we reviewed 42 studies that developed non‐correlative models to explore the impact of land use and land cover changes on bee populations, and synthesised information about the modelled systems, modelling approaches, and key model characteristics like spatiotemporal extent and resolution. Various modelling approaches are employed to predict the biodiversity of bees and the pollination services they provide, with a prevalence of models focusing on wild populations compared to managed ones. Of these models, landscape indicators and distance decay models are relatively simple, with few parameters. They allow mapping bee visitation probabilities using basic land cover data and considering bee foraging ranges. Conversely, mechanistic or agent‐based models delineate, with varying degrees of complexity, a multitude of processes that characterise, among others, the foraging behaviour and population dynamics of bees. The reviewed models collectively encompass 38 ecological, agronomic, and economic processes, producing various outputs including bee abundance, habitat visitation rate, and crop yield. To advance the development of predictive modelling tools aimed at fostering pollinator biodiversity and pollination services in agricultural landscapes, we highlight future avenues for increasing biophysical realism in models predicting the impact of land use and land cover changes on bees. Additionally, we address the challenges associated with balancing model complexity and practical usability.
Impacts of climate‐related stressors on social group cohesion and individual sociability in fish
Authors: Tiddy Izzy C. , Munson Amelia , Cortese Daphne , Webster Michael M. , Killen Shaun S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTGroup‐living in animals comes with a number of benefits associated with predator avoidance, foraging, and reproduction. A large proportion of fish species display grouping behaviour. Fish may also be particularly vulnerable to climate‐related stressors including thermal variation, hypoxia, and acidification. As climate‐related stressors are expected to increase in magnitude and frequency, any effects on fish behaviour may be increased and affect the ability of fish species to cope with changing conditions. Here we conduct a systematic review of the effects of temperature, hypoxia, and acidification on individual sociability and group cohesion in shoaling and schooling fishes. Searches of the published and grey literature were carried out, and studies were included or excluded based on selection criteria. Data from studies were then included in a meta‐analysis to examine broad patterns of effects of climate‐related stressors in the literature. Evidence was found for a reduction in group cohesion at low oxygen levels, which was stronger in smaller groups. While several studies reported effects of temperature and acidification, there was no consistent effect of either stressor on sociability or cohesion. There was some evidence that marine fishes are more strongly negatively affected by acidification compared with freshwater species, but results are similarly inconsistent and more studies are required. Additional studies of two or more stressors in combination are also needed, although one study found reduced sociability following exposure to acidification and high temperatures. Overall, there is some evidence that hypoxia, and potentially other climate‐related environmental changes, impact sociability and group cohesion in fishes. This may reduce survival and adaptability in shoaling and schooling species and have further ecological implications for aquatic systems. However, this synthesis mainly highlights the need for more empirical studies examining the effects of climate‐related factors on social behaviour in fishes.
Role of IL‐5 in asthma and airway remodelling
Authors: AbuJabal Rola , Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. , Bajbouj Khuloud , Hamid Qutayba 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAsthma is a common and burdensome chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects both children and adults. One of the main concerns with asthma is the manifestation of irreversible tissue remodelling of the airways due to the chronic inflammatory environment that eventually disrupts the whole structure of the airways. Most people with troublesome asthma are treated with inhaled corticosteroids. However, the development of steroid resistance is a commonly encountered issue, necessitating other treatment options for these patients. Biological therapies are a promising therapeutic approach for people with steroid‐resistant asthma. Interleukin 5 is recently gaining a lot of attention as a biological target relevant to the tissue remodelling process. Since IL‐5‐neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mepolizumab, reslizumab and benralizumab) are currently available for clinical use, this review aims to revisit the role of IL‐5 in asthma pathogenesis at large and airway remodelling in particular, in addition to exploring its role as a target for biological treatments.
Clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser‐assisted corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) in the treatment of keratoconus
Authors: Kirgiz Ahmet , Kemer Atik Burcu , Emul Merve , Taskapili Muhittin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the results of corneal allogenic intrastromal ring segment (CAIRS) implantation in keratoconus.MethodsThe medical records of patients with keratoconus who underwent CAIRS implantation were reviewed. The CAIRS, prepared by trephination from the donor cornea, was implanted into a tunnel created using the femtosecond laser. The depth of the tunnel was 200 μ; the inner diameter of the tunnel was 4.5 mm; and the outer diameter was 7 mm. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), keratometry, minimum corneal thickness (CT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and high order aberration values were recorded preoperatively and at the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months postoperatively.ResultsA total of 23 eyes of 23 patients were included in the study. Preoperative UCVA (0.08 ± 0.01) and BCVA (0.25 ± 0. 11) values improved postoperatively and reached 0.40 ± 0.05 and 0.68 ± 0.09, respectively, at the end of the 6‐month follow‐up period (p1 < 0.001, p2 = 0.016; respectively). A statistically significant flattening of all keratometric values was observed in the postoperative period compared to preoperatively (p < 0.001 for all). There were no statistical differences between CT and ECC values at the preoperative and postoperative visits (p1 = 0.654, p2 = 0.769; respectively). In addition, coma aberration values were lower than the preoperative values at all postoperative visits (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThese results suggest that CAIRS implantation is a safe treatment option with good visual and keratometric outcomes for suitable patients with keratoconus.
Diagnosis and treatment of venous leg ulcers: S2k Guideline of the German Society of Phlebology and Lymphology (DGPL) e.V.
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Hach‐Wunderle Viola , Protz Kerstin , Zeiner Kim Nikola , Erfurt‐Berge Cornelia , Goedecke Falk , Jäger Björn , Kahle Birgit , Kluess Holger , Knestele Michaela , Kuntz Anja , Lüdemann Claas , Meissner Markus , Mühlberg Katja , Mühlberger Dominic , Pannier Felizitas , Schmedt Claus‐Georg , Schmitz‐Rixen Thomas , Strölin Anke , Wilm Stefan , Rabe Eberhard , Stücker Markus , Dissemond Joachim 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThis S2k guideline on venous leg ulcers was created on the initiative and under the leadership of the German Society of Phlebology and Lymphology (DGPL). The guideline group also consisted of representatives from the German Society for Phlebology and Lymphology, German Dermatological Society, German Society for General Medicine, German Society for Angiology, German Society for Vascular Surgery and Vascular Medicine, German Society for Surgery, German Society for Dermatosurgery, German Society for Wound Healing and Wound Treatment, Professional Association of Phlebologists and Lymphologists and Initiative Chronische Wunden.The aim of this guideline is to combine the different approaches and levels of knowledge of the respective professional groups on the basis of consensus, so that a basic concept for the best possible treatment of patients with venous leg ulcers can be provided. A total of 70 specific recommendations were formulated and agreed upon, divided into the subject areas of diagnostics, therapy, prevention of recurrences, and everyday challenges.The guideline thus reflects the current state of scientific knowledge and is intended to be widely used as the best available document for the treatment of patients with venous leg ulcers in everyday clinical practice.
Muscle satellite cells and fibro‐adipogenic progenitors from muscle contractures of children with cerebral palsy have impaired regenerative capacity
Authors: Loomis Taryn , Kulkarni Vedant A. , Villalba Marie , Davids Jon R. , Leach J. Kent , Smith Lucas R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the mechanosensitivity of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) and fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) in cerebral palsy (CP) and the efficacy of the drug verteporfin in restoring cells' regenerative capacity.MethodMuscle biopsies were collected from six children with CP and six typically developing children. MuSCs and FAPs were isolated and plated on collagen‐coated polyacrylamide gels at stiffnesses of 0.2 kPa, 8 kPa, and 25 kPa. Cells were treated with verteporfin to block mechanosensing or with dimethyl sulfoxide as a negative control. MuSC differentiation and FAP activation into myofibroblasts were measured using immunofluorescence staining.ResultsSurprisingly, MuSC differentiation was not affected by stiffness; however, stiff substrates resulted in large myonuclear clustering. Across all stiffnesses, MuSCs from children with CP had less differentiation than those of their typically developing counterparts. FAP activation into myofibroblasts was significantly higher in children with CP than their typically developing peers, but was not affected by stiffness. Verteporfin did not affect differentiation or activation in either cell population, but slightly decreased myonuclear clustering on stiff substrates.InterpretationCells from children with CP were less regenerative and more fibrotic compared to those of their typically developing counterparts, with MuSCs being sensitive to increases in stiffness. Therefore, the mechanosensitivity of MuSCs and FAPs may represent a new target to improve differentiation and activation in CP muscle.
Clinical impact of multimodality assessment of myocardial viability
Authors: Canton Lisa , Suma Nicole , Amicone Sara , Impellizzeri Andrea , Bodega Francesca , Marinelli Virginia , Ciarlantini Mariachiara , Casuso Marcello , Bavuso Leonardo , Belà Rebecca , Salerno Jessica , Armillotta Matteo , Angeli Francesco , Sansonetti Angelo , Attinà Domenico , Russo Vincenzo , Lovato Luigi , Tuttolomondo Domenico , Gaibazzi Nicola , Bergamaschi Luca , Pizzi Carmine 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent cause of left ventricular dysfunction. Nevertheless, effective elective revascularization, particularly surgical revascularization, can enhance long‐term outcomes and, in selected cases, global left ventricular contractility. The assessment of myocardial viability and scars is still relevant in guiding treatment decisions and selecting patients who are likely to benefit most from blood flow restoration. Although the most recent randomized studies challenge the notion of “hibernating myocardium” and the clinical usefulness of assessing myocardial viability, the advancement of imaging techniques still renders this assessment valuable in specific situations. According to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, non‐invasive stress imaging may be employed to define myocardial ischemia and viability in patients with CAD and heart failure before revascularization. Currently, several non‐invasive imaging techniques are available to evaluate the presence and extent of viable myocardium. The selection of the most suitable technique should be based on the patient, clinical context, and resource availability. This narrative review evaluates the characteristics of available imaging modalities for assessing myocardial viability to determine the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Mediating roles of motivational beliefs and vocabulary learning strategies for the relationship between self‐regulation and vocabulary proficiency
Authors: Li Jiajing , Wang Chuang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSuccessful vocabulary acquisition hinges on the harmonious interplay of various factors. Despite some studies that have been conducted to examine the direct effect of self‐regulation on vocabulary learning, few of them tapped into the relationship among self‐regulation, motivational beliefs, vocabulary learning strategies and vocabulary proficiency. This study extended previous research by examining whether motivation, self‐efficacy and learning strategies mediate the relationship between self‐regulation and vocabulary proficiency and investigating whether the relationship varied by gender. Data were extracted from 399 senior secondary school students. Results from structural equation modelling revealed that motivation and self‐efficacy mediated the relationship between self‐regulated learning capacity and vocabulary learning strategies. Vocabulary learning strategies further mediated the relationships between self‐efficacy, motivation and vocabulary proficiency. Meanwhile, the relationship between self‐regulation, motivational beliefs, vocabulary learning strategies and vocabulary proficiency held equivalent across genders. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Integrating very high resolution environmental proxies in genotype–environment association studies
Authors: Guillaume Annie S. , Leempoel Kevin , Rogivue Aude , Gugerli Felix , Parisod Christian , Joost Stéphane 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLandscape genomic analyses associating genetic variation with environmental variables are powerful tools for studying molecular signatures of species' local adaptation and for detecting candidate genes under selection. The development of landscape genomics over the past decade has been spurred by improvements in resolutions of genomic and environmental datasets, allegedly increasing the power to identify putative genes underlying local adaptation in non‐model organisms. Although these associations have been successfully applied to numerous species across a diverse array of taxa, the spatial scale of environmental predictor variables has been largely overlooked, potentially limiting conclusions to be reached with these methods. To address this knowledge gap, we systematically evaluated performances of genotype–environment association (GEA) models using predictor variables at multiple spatial resolutions. Specifically, we used multivariate redundancy analyses to associate whole‐genome sequence data from the plant Arabis alpina L. collected across four neighboring valleys in the western Swiss Alps, with very high‐resolution topographic variables derived from digital elevation models of grain sizes between 0.5 m and 16 m. These comparisons highlight the sensitivity of landscape genomic models to spatial resolution, where the optimal grain sizes were specific to variable type, terrain characteristics, and study extent. To assist in selecting variables at appropriate spatial resolutions, we demonstrate a practical approach to produce, select, and integrate multiscale variables into GEA models. After generalizing fine‐grained variables to multiple spatial resolutions, a forward selection procedure is applied to retain only the most relevant variables for a particular context. Depending on the spatial resolution, the relevance for topographic variables in GEA studies calls for integrating multiple spatial scales into landscape genomic models. By carefully considering spatial resolutions, candidate genes under selection by a more realistic range of pressures can be detected for downstream analyses, with important applied implications for experimental research and conservation management of natural populations.
Toward a Medication Information Literacy Indicator System for Older Adults: A Delphi Study
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Yi Jia , Bai Li , Jiang Mengyao , Peng Wei , Liao Jing , Wang Hang , Hou Xiaorong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe safety of medication use among older adults is a growing concern, given the aging population. Despite widespread attention, the exploration of medication literacy in older adults, particularly from the perspective of information literacy, is in its nascent stages.MethodsThis study utilized the existing literature to define medication information literacy (MIL) as a theoretical framework. A two‐round Delphi survey was conducted to identify the essential components of a MIL indicator system for older adults. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was then used to assign weights to each indicator.ResultsThe study observed relatively high response rates in both rounds of the questionnaire, which, along with expert authority coefficients (Cr) of 0.86 and 0.89, underscores the credibility and expertise of the panellists. Additionally, Kendall's coefficient of concordance (Kendall's W) ranging from 0.157 to 0.33 (p < 0.05) indicates a consensus among experts on the identified indicators. Utilizing the Delphi process, a MIL indicator system for older adults was developed, comprising five primary and 23 secondary indicators. These indicators were weighted, with medication information cognition and acquisition emerging as pivotal factors in enhancing medication literacy among older adults.ConclusionsThis study developed a MIL indicator system tailored for older adults using the Delphi approach. The findings can inform healthcare professionals in providing customized medication guidance and assist policymakers in crafting policies to enhance medication safety among older adults.Patient or Public ContributionPatient and public engagement played a pivotal role in the development of our medication information literacy indicator system for older adults. Their involvement contributed to shaping research questions, facilitating study participation, and enriching evidence interpretation. Collaborations with experts in geriatric nursing, medicine, and public health, along with discussions with caregivers and individuals with lived experience, provided invaluable insights into medication management among older adults. Their input guided our research direction and ensured the relevance and comprehensiveness of our findings.