bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGOLAHAN PRIMER LIMBAH TEKSTIL DENGAN ELEKTROKOAGULASI
Authors: Riadi Lieke , Ferydhiwati Whenny , Loeman Liok Dimas Sanjaya 
Published: August 2015

Limbah industri tekstil di area pinggir kota Surabaya mempunyai karakteristik perbandingan COD dan BOD = 5.57. Limbah jenis ini sulit untuk dibiodegradasi. Studi ini mempelajari tekonologi elektrokoagulasi untuk mengolah limbah tekstil dengan menurunkan intensitas warna, Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Percobaan batch pada suhu kamar dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pH, jarak elektroda terhadap penurunan warna,TSS dan COD dan membandingkan biaya operasinya jika menggunakan pengolahan kimia.Effisiensi penurunan tertinggi untuk warna (91.96%), TSS (49.17%), dan COD (29.67%) terjadi pada pH awal 4.0 dan jarak elektroda 2 cm dengan elektroda Al/Al. Waktu optimum penurunan intensitas warna dalah 10 menit. Laju penurunan COD adalah : -dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056 , dengan C adalah konsentrasi COD. Jumlah sludge yang dihasilkan daripengolahan elektrokoagulasi 3.4 % lebih kecil dibandingkan menggunakan bahan kimia. Biaya yang digunakan untuk pengolahan dengan elektrokoagulasi 52.35 % lebih murah dibandingkan jika menggunakan koagulasi dengan bahan kimia ( tawas). Kata kunci : elektrokoagulasi, penurunan warna, penurunan TSS, laju degradasi COD, imbah tekstil Abstract Waste water from textile industry which is located in one suburb of Surabaya city as characteristic which the ratio of COD to BOD was 5.57. This type of waste water is difficult to be biodegraded. This study investigated elektrokoagulasi technology to treat textile waste water by removing color, total suspended solid, and Chemical Oxygen Demand. Batch experiment at room temperature was carried out to study the effect of pH, electrode distance for color, TSS and COD removal. This study also tried to compare the operation cost between elektrokoagulasi and chemical processes. The best removal efficiencies by Al electrodes was 91.96 % for color, 49.17 % for TSS and 29.67 % for COD which were under initial pH 4.0 and electrodes distance 2 cm. The optimum operation time for color removal was found 10 minutes.The COD degradation rate was - dC/dt = 0.0053 C +0.056, with C= COD concentration. Sludge result from elektrokoagulasi was 3.4 % less than that by chemical treatment.The operation cost for elektrokoagulasi is 52.35 % less than that for chemical coagulation.
Gender comparisons of adolescents’ anthropometry and blood pressure in Osun State, South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Omisore Bridget , Omisore Akinlolu G. , Abioye-Kuteyi Emmanuel Akintunde 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: Adolescents are in their formative years, and they experience several changes including anthropometric changes. Significant weight gain occurs in adolescence, and increasingly, obesity and consequent increase in blood pressure (BP) are found in adolescents.

Objective: This study compared anthropometric and BP measurements in male and female adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1000 adolescents (510 males and 490 females) were selected by multi-stage sampling from eight secondary schools. Pertinent information was collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire, anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version, and the means of anthropometric indices and blood pressures in males and females were compared using independent t-test.

Results: The mean age for male respondents was 13.83 years (SD 2.12) and for females 13.62 (SD 1.96). Generally, anthropometric indices gradually increased from the lower ages to the higher ages in both males and females. The mean height was the same for both males and females (1.54 m), while the mean weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were significantly higher in females than in males (p<0.05). A significantly higher proportion of females compared with males were overweight (10.2%, 5.3%) and obese (3.9%, 2.0%), respectively. The overall prevalence of “hypertension,” was 4.1% and more females (70.7%) had “hypertension” than males (29.3%).

Conclusion: Females were heavier and constituted the greater proportion of those who had elevated BP. Adequate attention needs to be given to the challenging problems of overweight and obesity to forestall development of hypertension in adolescents, especially female adolescents.
Prevalence and incidence of mental health problems among Dutch medical students and the study-related and personal risk factors: a longitudinal study
Authors: Borst Jorien M. , Frings-Dresen Monique H.W. , Sluiter Judith K. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background:
A high prevalence of mental health problems (i.e. depression and/or anxiety) has been found in medical students in comparison with the general population. Therefore, the objective was first to study the prevalence and 1-year incidence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and any mental health problems among Dutch medical students and, second, to study which study-related and personal factors present a risk of these mental health problems.

Methods:
A 1-year prospective longitudinal study was performed among medical students of two medical faculties in the Netherlands (n=951). Health problems and study-related and personal factors were measured with an online questionnaire. Mental health problems were assessed by depression and/or anxiety symptoms (BSI-DEP and BSI-ANG). Univariate and multivariate hierarchical logistic regression analyses were performed to examine which of the study-related and personal factors predict mental health problems.

Results:
At follow-up, 36%, 28% and 48% of the medical students reported symptoms of depression, anxiety and mental health problems, respectively. The incidence between 2010 and 2011 for depression was 20%, 17% for anxiety and 25% for mental health problems. Students who are worried about their own health during medical education are at an increased risk of future mental health problems (OR 2.0 [1.3–2.9], p=0.00). Excessive drinking behavior is a protective factor in this study (OR 0.7 [0.5–0.9], p=0.02).

Conclusion:
This study shows that only two out of nine factors are significantly associated with mental health problems among Dutch medical students, one risk factor and one protective factor.
Optimal Placement of Distributed Generation Units in a Distribution System with Uncertain Topologies using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Donadel Clainer Bravin , Fardin Jussara Farias , Encarnação Lucas Frizera 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the literature, several papers propose new methodologies to determine the optimal placement/sizing of medium size Distributed Generation Units (DGs), using heuristic algorithms like Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). However, in all methodologies, the optimal placement solution is strongly dependent of network topologies. Therefore, a specific solution is valid only for a particular network topology. Furthermore, such methodologies does not consider the presence of small DGs, whose connection point cannot be defined by Distribution Network Operators (DNOs). In this paper it is proposed a new methodology to determine the optimal location of medium size DGs in a distribution system with uncertain topologies, considering the particular behavior of small DGs, using Monte Carlo Simulation.
Student Engagement: A Principle-Based Concept Analysis
Authors: Bernard Jean S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA principle-based concept analysis of student engagement was used to examine the state of the science across disciplines. Four major perspectives of philosophy of science guided analysis and provided a framework for study of interrelationships and integration of conceptual components which then resulted in formulation of a theoretical definition. Findings revealed student engagement as a dynamic reiterative process marked by positive behavioral, cognitive, and affective elements exhibited in pursuit of deep learning. This process is influenced by a broader sociocultural environment bound by contextual preconditions of self-investment, motivation, and a valuing of learning. Outcomes of student engagement include satisfaction, sense of well-being, and personal development. Findings of this analysis prove relevant to nursing education as faculty transition from traditional teaching paradigms, incorporate learner-centered strategies, and adopt innovative pedagogical methodologies. It lends support for curricula reform, development of more accurate evaluative measures, and creation of meaningful teaching-learning environments within the discipline.
Re-thinking language conflict: challenges and options
Authors: Vetter Eva 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper looks at language conflict through a multilingual and super-diverse lens. The objective is to re-think some of the theoretical assumptions of conflict research and to suggest new lines of thought. In a first step, conflict research is described against the background of some common assumptions. It is then argued that the common understanding behind the notion of language and community is being increasingly challenged. In doing so, the focus is on questioning the separatedness and boundedness of these notions.Furthermore, it is claimed that the concept of “hybridity” does not present a simple solution to the dilemma. The new lines of thought address issues of research as well as language policy and seek to combine postmodern notions such as translingual practice with conflict research.
Language and identity in the context of conflict: the case of ethnolinguistic communities in South Darfur State
Authors: Garri Dhahawi S. A. , Mugaddam Abdel Rahim Hamid 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the patterns of self-assertiveness by using Arabic and other native languages among the ethnic groups characterised by ethnolinguistic vitality in Nyala, the capital of South Darfur State, and the satellite internally displaced persons’ camps. The study also looks into how these communities perceived the role their native languages could play in the construction of their ethnic identities. In addition, factors influencing the construction of ethnic identities were investigated. Data pertaining to language perceptions on identity, and the role of conflict in the process of identity construction were collected. To this end, four tools were employed to collect the data: a thirteen-item questionnaire administered to 711 respondents; 12 focus group discussions held with 112 participants; in-depth interviews with 20 persons; and participant observations. The study came to a number of conclusions, the most important of which were: (a) the communities investigated were found to have revitalised their native languages by taking pride in them in different domains; (b) there was a perceived aversion towards Arabic across the groups studied; (c) there was a conscious revitalisation of ethnolinguistic identities; and (d) the current conflict has played an important role in the emergence of revitalised ethnolinguistic identities.
An Experimental Comparison of Modeling Techniques and Combination of Speaker – Specific Information from Different Languages for Multilingual Speaker Identification
Authors: Jayanna H.S. , Nagaraja B.G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMost of the state-of-the-art speaker identification systems work on a monolingual (preferably English) scenario. Therefore, English-language autocratic countries can use the system efficiently for speaker recognition. However, there are many countries, including India, that are multilingual in nature. People in such countries have habituated to speak multiple languages. The existing speaker identification system may yield poor performance if a speaker’s train and test data are in different languages. Thus, developing a robust multilingual speaker identification system is an issue in many countries. In this work, an experimental evaluation of the modeling techniques, including self-organizing map (SOM), learning vector quantization (LVQ), and Gaussian mixture model-universal background model (GMM-UBM) classifiers for multilingual speaker identification, is presented. The monolingual and crosslingual speaker identification studies are conducted using 50 speakers of our own database. It is observed from the experimental results that the GMM-UBM classifier gives better identification performance than the SOM and LVQ classifiers. Furthermore, we propose a combination of speaker-specific information from different languages for crosslingual speaker identification, and it is observed that the combination feature gives better performance in all the crosslingual speaker identification experiments.
Structures, Stabilities, and Electronic Properties of Small-Sized Zr2Si
n
(n=1–11) Clusters: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Wu Jing-He , Liu Chang-Xin , Wang Ping , Zhang Shuai , Yang Gui , Lu Cheng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Ab initio methods based on density functional theory at B3LYP level have been applied in investigating the equilibrium geometries, growth patterns, relative stabilities, and electronic properties of Zr2-doped Si
n
clusters. The optimisation results shown that the lowest-energy configurations for Zr2Si
n
clusters do not keep the corresponding silicon framework unchanged, which reflects that the doped Zr atoms dramatically affect the most stable structures of the Si
n
clusters. By analysing the relative stabilities, it is found that the doping of zirconium atoms reduces the chemical stabilities of silicon host. The Zr2Si4 and Zr2Si7 clusters are the magic numbers. The natural population and natural electronic configuration analyses indicated that the Zr atoms possess positive charge for n=1–6 and negative charge for n=7–11. In addition, the chemical hardness, chemical potential, infrared, and Raman spectra are also discussed.
Effect of magnetic field on the formation of macroporous silicon: structural and optical properties
Authors: Antunez E. E. , Estevez J. O. , Campos J. , Basurto M. A. , Agarwal* V. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe conventional method to fabricate porous silicon with n-type substrates requires light assisted generation of holes used in the electrochemical reaction. Recently, two different methods have been proposed to fabricate some similar structures: Hall effect [1] and lateral electrical field [2]. Hall effect assisted etching involves the application of a perpendicular electric and magnetic field to achieve the concentration of holes at the HF/silicon interface to assist the electrochemical reaction, while the other involves the application of a lateral electrical field across the silicon wafer. In this work, the electrochemical etching of high resistivity n-type silicon wafers under the combined effect of magnetic and lateral electrical field to produce photoluminescent macroporous structures under dark conditions, is reported. A lateral gradient in pore sizes as well as in light emission is observed. Optical and structural properties were studied for their possible applications as a biosensor.
A Quantitative Study of the Adhesion Between Copper, Barrier and Organic Low-K Materials
Authors: Lanckmans F. , Brongersma S. H. , Varga I. , Bender H. , Beyne E. , Maex K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe adhesion between several materials implemented in Cu/low-k integration is studied. Adhesion issues at different interfaces are important with regard to the reliability of back-end processing. Layered test structures are processed to study different interfaces. A tangential shear tester allows quantifying the adhesion force at the interface and provides a relative measurement to compare various materials. Failed interfaces are analyzed using auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among all studied structures, the strongest interface is seen between a barrier (Ti(N), Ta(N), WxN) and Cu. A weaker interface proves to be between a low-k dielectric and Cu. However, the presence of a barrier increases the adhesion. The weakest interface occurs between an oxide cap and the low-k material, with a lower adhesion when the low-k material is fluorinated. The low-k/cap oxide interface forms a critical issue with regard to Cu/low-k integration processing such as chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). All test structures show no significant degradation of the adhesion after a thermal cycle up to 400°C.
Blutgasanalyse beim Hund in der tierärztlichen Praxis – eine Übersicht
Authors: Rieker T. , Siegling-Vlitakis C. , Wagner J. 
Published: August 2015

ZusammenfassungDie Blutgasanalyse ist ein nützliches Instrument, um Informationen über den Säuren-Basen-Haushalt (SBH) und den Gasaustausch in der Lunge zu erhalten. Die Interpretation basiert auf der Henderson-Hasselbalch-Gleichung, mit der sich allerdings komplexere Störungen nur unzureichend beschreiben lassen. Basenüberschuss und Anionenlücke ergänzen dieses traditionelle Modell. Peter Stewart entwickelte das Modell der quantitativen Analytik des Säuren-Basen-Haushalts, das zum Strong Ion Approach weiterentwickelt wurde und das sich vor allem bei der Beurteilung von metabolischen Störungen von der traditionellen Sichtweise in vielerlei Hinsicht unterscheidet. Beide Modelle ergänzen sich gegenseitig und haben Vorund Nachteile. Für unkomplizierte Veränderungen des SBH kann der Henderson-HasselbalchAnsatz verwendet werden. Für komplizierte Störungen des SBH, insbesondere bei Veränderungen der Albuminund/oder der Phosphatkonzentration, empfiehlt sich der Einsatz des Strong Ion Approach. Mit dem Verständnis beider Modelle und dem klinischen Bild gelingt eine optimale Therapie der Störungen im SBH.
Weighted species richness outperforms species richness as predictor of biotic resistance
Authors: Henriksson Anna , Yu Jun , Wardle David A. , Trygg Johan , Englund Göran 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe species richness hypothesis, which predicts that species‐rich communities should be better at resisting invasions than species‐poor communities, has been empirically tested many times and is often poorly supported. In this study, we contrast the species richness hypothesis with four alternative hypotheses with the aim of finding better descriptors of invasion resistance. These alternative hypotheses state that resistance to invasions is determined by abiotic conditions, community saturation (i.e., the number of resident species relative to the maximum number of species that can be supported), presence/absence of key species, or weighted species richness. Weighted species richness is a weighted sum of the number of species, where each species’ weight describes its contribution to resistance. We tested these hypotheses using data on the success of 571 introductions of four freshwater fish species into lakes throughout Sweden, i.e., Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), tench (Tinca tinca), zander (Sander lucioperca), and whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus). We found that weighted species richness best predicted invasion success. The weights describing the contribution of each resident species to community resistance varied considerably in both strength and sign. Positive resistance weights, which indicate that species repel invaders, were as common as negative resistance weights, which indicate facilitative interactions. This result can be contrasted with the implicit assumption of the original species richness hypothesis, that all resident species have negative effects on invader success. We argue that this assumption is unlikely to be true in natural communities, and thus that we expect that weighted species richness is a better predictor of invader success than the actual number of resident species.
Rapid Estimation of Phenolic Content in Colored Maize by Near‐Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Its Use in Breeding
Authors: Meng Qingchang , Murray Seth C. , Mahan Adam , Collison Amy , Yang Liyi , Awika Joseph 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTColored maize (Zea mays L.; blue, red, purple‐morado) is of interest for perceived health benefits of anthocyanins and other antioxidant polyphenols as well as aesthetics but suffers from low yield with few available hybrids. Grain color in maize is simply inherited, but the range of phenolic antioxidants within color classes can be large. Phenolic antioxidants can be estimated using extractable phenol content (EPC) analysis, and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can identify individual compounds. However, both methods are expensive and slow and require destruction of the sample through grinding, which hinders screening in a breeding program. Fourier‐transformed near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (FT‐NIRS) is an inexpensive, rapid, and nondestructive technique useful for quantifying various compounds in grain but has not been used for selecting improved EPC profiles in maize breeding. Using two different sample sets we found that whole kernel (performance index [PI] = 83.8) samples were nearly as predictive as ground kernel samples (PI = 85.7) for EPC. Importantly, FT‐NIRS predicted two related breeding lines with 1.4‐ to 1.7‐fold greater EPC than the next highest sample (all morado), which were confirmed by EPC and HPLC. This study demonstrated that FT‐NIRS can be easily integrated into a breeding program to select improved EPC profiles beyond visual color selection. This will allow the breeding of a core improved set of lines and hybrids to be validated in food processing and feeding trials.
Mapping Fusarium solani and Aphanomyces euteiches Root Rot Resistance and Root Architecture Quantitative Trait Loci in Common Bean
Authors: Hagerty C. H. , Cuesta‐Marcos A. , Cregan P. B. , Song Q. , McClean P. , Noffsinger S. , Myers J. R. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTRoot rot diseases of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a constraint to dry and snap bean production. We developed the RR138 RI mapping population from the cross of OSU5446, a susceptible line that meets current snap bean processing industry standards, and RR6950, a root rot resistant dry bean with small brown seeds. We evaluated the RR138 RI population beginning in the F6 generation for resistance to Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) root rot in Oregon and Aphanomyces euteiches (Drechsler) root rot in Wisconsin. The population was evaluated for a set of root architecture traits at the Oregon location. Fusarium solani root rot resistance was evaluated in three seasons, whereas A. euteiches resistance was evaluated in two seasons. For each disease, RR6950 was resistant and OSU 5446 was susceptible. The recombinant inbred (RI) population was normally distributed for reaction to both diseases. We assembled a high‐density linkage map using 1689 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from an Illumina 6000‐SNP BARCbean6K_3 Beadchip. The map spanned 1196 cM over 11 linkage groups at a density of one SNP per 1.4 cM. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with A. euteiches were identified, each accounting for 5 to 15% of the total genetic variation, and two QTL associated with F. solani resistance accounted for 9 and 22% of the total genetic variation. A QTL for taproot diameter (TD) and one QTL for basal root angle were identified. The QTL for resistance to the two diseases mapped to different genome locations indicating a different genetic control.