bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycemia and PPARγ Antagonistically Influence Macrophage Polarization and Infarct Healing After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gliem Michael , Klotz Luisa , van Rooijen Nico , Hartung Hans-Peter , Jander Sebastian 
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—
Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a potentially serious complication of ischemic stroke, in particular under concomitant oral anticoagulation. Previous studies in murine stroke models defined a novel vascular repair function of hematogenous monocytes/macrophages (MO/MP), which proved essential for the prevention of oral anticoagulation–associated sICH. Here, we addressed the question whether hyperglycemia as a clinically relevant prohemorrhagic risk factor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation affect MO/MP differentiation and the risk of sICH after ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Oral anticoagulation–associated sICH was induced by phenprocoumon feeding to mice undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin treatment. The role of PPARγ-dependent MO/MP differentiation was addressed in mice with myeloid cell–specific PPARγ-knockout (LysM-PPARγ(KO)). Pharmacological PPARγ activation via pioglitazone was tested as a treatment option.

Results—

Hyperglycemic mice and normoglycemic LysM-PPARγ(KO) mice exhibited abnormal proinflammatory skewing of their hematogenous MO/MP response and abnormal vascular remodeling in the infarct border zone, leading to an increased rate of oral anticoagulation–associated sICH. Pharmacological PPAR
γ
activation in hyperglycemic mice corrected the inflammatory response toward an anti-inflammatory profile, stabilized neovessels in the infarct border zone, and reduced the rate of sICH. This preventive effect was dependent on the presence of macrophages, but independent from effects on blood glucose levels.

Conclusions—
Hyperglycemia and macrophage-specific PPARγ activation exert opposing effects on MO/MP polarization in ischemic stroke lesions and, thereby, critically determine the risk of hemorrhagic infarct transformation.
Climate Matters: A Comprehensive Educational Resource Program for Broadcast Meteorologists
Authors: Placky Bernadette Woods , Maibach Edward , Witte Joe , Ward Bud , Seitter Keith , Gardiner Ned , Herring David , Cullen Heidi 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Local TV meteorologists are optimally positioned to educate the public about the local implications of global climate change: They have high public trust as a source of climate science information, local TV is the #1 source of weather information in America, and most weathercasters have relevant scientific training and excellent communication skills. Surveys show that most TV meteorologists would like to report on climate change, but lack of time, lack of broadcast-quality graphics, and lack of access to appropriate experts are barriers that inhibit such coverage.
With funding from the National Science Foundation and philanthropic foundations, we developed Climate Matters as an educational resources program to help interested local TV meteorologists educate their viewers about the local impacts of global climate change. Currently, the program provides more than 160 participating weathercasters nationwide with weekly localized broadcast-ready graphics and script ideas, short videos, and opportunities for brief (hour-long webinars) and more intensive (day-long seminars) professional development sessions—at no cost to participating weathercasters. We aim to more than double participation in the program over the next several years.
This article will chronicle the development of Climate Matters over the past five years—beginning with a pilot test at a single news station in Columbia, South Carolina, that was shown to be effective at helping viewers better understand climate change and culminating in a comprehensive national educational resource program that is available to all interested weathercasters.
Large-Eddy Simulations and Damped-Oscillator Models of the Unsteady Ekman Boundary Layer*
Authors: Momen Mostafa , Bou-Zeid Elie 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Ekman boundary layer (EBL) is a central problem in geophysical fluid dynamics that emerges when the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the frictional force interact in a flow. The unsteady version of the problem, which occurs when these forces are not in equilibrium, is solvable analytically only for a limited set of forcing variability regimes, and the resulting solutions are intricate and not always easy to interpret. In this paper, large-eddy simulations (LESs) of neutral atmospheric EBLs are conducted under various unsteady forcings to reveal the range of physical characteristics of the flow. Subsequently, it is demonstrated that the dynamics of the unsteady EBL can be reduced to a second-order ordinary differential equation that is very similar to the dynamical equation of a damped oscillator, such as a mass–spring–damper system. The validation of the proposed reduced model is performed by comparing its analytical solutions to LES results, revealing very good agreement. The reduced model can be solved for a wide range of variable forcing conditions, and this feature is exploited in the paper to elucidate the physical origin of the inertia (mass), energy storage (spring), and energy dissipation (damper) attributes of Ekman flows.
Loss of the Rap1 effector RIAM results in leukocyte adhesion deficiency due to impaired β2 integrin function in mice
Authors: Klapproth Sarah , Sperandio Markus , Pinheiro Elaine M. , Prünster Monika , Soehnlein Oliver , Gertler Frank B. , Fässler Reinhard , Moser Markus 
Published: September 2015

Key Points
RIAM is an essential regulator of β2 integrins on leukocytes. Leukocyte α4β1 integrin is activated in a RIAM-independent manner.
Transcriptional regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells
Authors: Condamine Thomas , Mastio Jérôme , Gabrilovich Dmitry I 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are a heterogeneous group of pathologically activated immature cells that play a major role in the negative regulation of the immune response in cancer, autoimmunity, many chronic infections, and inflammatory conditions, as well as in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell invasion, and metastases. Accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells is governed by a network of transcriptional regulators that could be combined into 2 partially overlapping groups: factors promoting myelopoiesis and preventing differentiation of mature myeloid cells and factors promoting pathologic activation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In this review, we discuss the specific nature of these factors and their impact on myeloid-derived suppressor cell development.
High prevalence of seasonal affective disorder among persons
with severe visual impairment
Authors: Madsen Helle ⊘stergaard , Dam Henrik , Hageman Ida 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundLight severely affects the occurrence of seasonal affective disorder
(SAD).AimsTo compare the prevalence of SAD in persons with severe visual impairment
and persons with full sight, and in persons with severe visual impairment
with or without light perception.MethodThis cross-sectional study assessed the Global Seasonality Score (GSS)
and the prevalence of SAD among 2781 persons with visual impairment and
4099 persons with full sight using the Seasonal Pattern Assessment
Questionnaire (SPAQ).ResultsRespondents with visual impairment had significantly higher GSS and
prevalence of SAD compared with full sight controls,
P<0.001. Light perception respondents were more
vulnerable to seasonal change than both full sight and no light
perception respondents.ConclusionsThe study showed a highly significant association between visual
impairment and SPAQ-defined SAD parameters, supporting the hypothesis
that decreased retinal light input plays a role in the pathogenesis of
SAD.
Rapid publication in the mid‐nineteenth century: John Lindley's “New Plants” column in the Gardeners' Chronicle
Authors: Mabberley David J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractJohn Lindley's vehicle for very rapid publication was his “New Plants” column in the Gardeners' Chronicle. Six inexplicably overlooked names published there are listed and disposed of, necessitating an overdue new combination in Gongora and adjustments in other tropical American Orchidaceae (Aspidogyne, Barkeria), though one name in Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) of Guatemala remains unplaced.
Molecular phylogenetics and new (infra)generic classification to alleviate polyphyly in tribe Hydrangeeae (Cornales: Hydrangeaceae)
Authors: De Smet Yannick , Granados Mendoza Carolina , Wanke Stefan , Goetghebeur Paul , Samain Marie-Stéphanie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTribe Hydrangeeae of Hydrangeaceae currently contains nine morphologically diverse genera, many of which are well‐known garden ornamentals. Previous studies have shown eight of these genera to be phylogenetically nested within Hydrangea, rendering the latter polyphyletic. To clarify the phylogeny of tribe Hydrangeeae, the present study sequenced four chloroplast regions and ITS for an extensive set of taxa, including the type for all nine genera involved. The resulting phylogenetic hypotheses corroborate the polyphyly of Hydrangea. Since polyphyletic taxa are deemed unacceptable by both sides in the ongoing debate concerning the adherence to strict monophyly in biological classifications, a new (infra)generic classification for tribe Hydrangeeae is proposed. In order to create a stable, evolutionary informative classification a broader circumscription of the genus Hydrangea is proposed, to include all eight satellite genera of the tribe. Such treatment is considered highly preferable to an alternative where Hydrangea is to be split into several morphologically potentially unidentifiable genera. To facilitate the acceptance of the new classification proposed here, and in order to create a classification with high information content, the familiar generic names were maintained as section names where possible.
Disinformation As a Way of Information and Psychological Impact (for Example, Armed Conflict Between India and Pakistan)
Authors: Шур  , Shur V. 
Published: September 2015

The article deals with the problems of dezinformirovan as a means of information-
psychological influence. Highlights disinformation techniques of
presenting Information in modern conditions. The specifics misleading effects
in the course of wars and military conflicts between the two South
Asian countries India and Pakistan.
Tendências dos indicadores de atividade física em adultos: Conjunto de capitais do Brasil 2006-2013
Authors: Malta Deborah , Andrade Silvânia , Santos Maria , Rodrigues Gisele , Mielke Grégore 
Published: September 2015

<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-top: 6.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%;">Descrever as tendências temporais dos indicadores de atividade física da população adulta das capitais brasileiras entre 2006 e 2013. Foram analisados os dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL), referentes aos anos de 2006 a 2013 em uma amostra anual de cerca de 54.000 adultos nas capitais brasileiras. Foram analisadas tendências dos indicadores de atividade física no tempo livre e no deslocamento para o trabalho/escola, além de inatividade física nos quatro domínios e tempo assistindo televisão. Foi utilizada modelagem de regressão linear simples para avaliar a tendência, considerando significativo um coeficiente de regressão diferente de zero (p<0,05). Houve aumento nos percentuais de ativos no tempo livre, redução no percentual de ativos no deslocamento para o trabalho/escola e estabilidade na tendência dos percentuais de indivíduos que assistem à TV por no mínimo três horas diárias e de indivíduos fisicamente inativos. Compreender o cenário nacional de mudanças nos indicadores de atividade física torna-se desejável para o planejamento de ações que fomentem a promoção de atividade física e assim contribuam com a redução de um dos principais fatores de risco para doenças crônicas. </p>
Risk Assessment for Tooth Wear
Authors: Kontaxopoulou Isavella , Alam Sonia 
Published: September 2015

Tooth wear has an increasing prevalence in the UK population. The aetiology is commonly multifactorial, and the aetiopathology is through a combination of erosion, attrition, abrasion and abfraction. Erosion is associated with intrinsic or extrinsic acids, and therefore subjects with reflux disease and eating disorders are at increased risk. Fruit juice, fruits and carbonated drink consumption, frequency of consumption and specific habits are also risk factors. Attrition is more prevalent in bruxists. Other habits need to be considered when defining the risk of tooth wear. Abrasion is usually associated with toothbrushing and toothpastes, especially in an already acidic environment. Patients with extensive lesions that affect dentin may be at higher risk, as well as those presenting with unstained lesions. Monitoring of the progress of tooth wear is recommended to identify those with active tooth wear. Indices for tooth wear are a helpful aid.
Fostering design collaboration: Novel IC T tools to support contemporary design pedagogy
Authors: Maciver Fiona , Malins Julian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Professional design practice is in a period of flux and transformation. Technology is rendering the design process increasingly collaborative, interdisciplinary, and cross-cultural, and design studios are increasingly dependant on information and communication technology (ICT). There is a need to reflect these changes in design education, and to train students in the new skills required for industry. This article examines how ICT may be incorporated into design education to enable more collaborative, modern and interactive learning processes to be introduced to better prepare students for professional careers. In addressing this topic, the article examines emerging research that seeks to integrate developments in ICT systems into the higher education design curriculum. The article suggests how such platforms can be adapted to meet the needs of students and tutors, whilst meeting the contemporary requirements of the creative industries. The authors conclude that ICT offers a means of enhancing and complementing existing modes of design pedagogy.
Findings, windings and entwinings: Cartographies of collaborative walking and encounter
Authors: Cutcher Alexandra , Rousell David , Cutter-Mackenzie Amy 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In the continuing ‘Not Ourselves’ practice-based project, we are attempting to unravel the harmonics of the collaborative voice in educational research, in which the singular voice of the ‘author’ also gives voice to multiple others. We approached this project as an enquiry into the process of ‘collaboration in the making’ and as an emergent practice. Each of the authors of the article has a different professional background: one an environmental educator; another an arts educator; and the third a contemporary artist. We explored walking together|apart to yield outcomes that were not tied to traditional notions of collaboration. The maps we created as we walked speak to collaborations that are rutted, insecure and ambiguous through irregular cooperations. This visual essay is structured into three sections where we collectively and individually explore concepts we refer to as ‘findings, windings and entwinings’.
The impact of applying instructional design principles on students’ attitudes towards the learning content
Authors: Elkilany Elsayed A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The aim of this empirical study is to measure the impact of applying instructional design principles on students’ attitudes towards learning content. A course entitled ‘Print Quality Control’ offered in the study plan of the Department of Printing, Publishing and Packaging at the Faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University in Egypt, was selected for the conduct of this experimental work. The course was taught to Group (A) in spring 2008 academic semester. Students’ attitudes towards the following four variables were measured: ‘clarity of course objectives’, ‘appropriateness of the content to the objectives’, ‘information presentation’ and ’ease of understanding the content’. The results of the study in this phase revealed shortcomings in the four variables, as 68 per cent of the students appreciated the clarity of course objectives, 73.5 per cent the appropriateness of the content to the objectives, 70.5 per cent the information presentation and finally 61.5 per cent the ease of understanding the content. Based on the earlier findings, the course was then updated and two importantn analyses were conducted: the first was analysis of the course learning outcomes, and the second was analysis of the updated content. Thereafter and to fill in the gaps found in the original course, a new course design was developed using media and e-learning development tools, including Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Premiere, Adobe Director, Adobe Flash and Course Genie. This course design was achieved through the application of instructional design principles within a frame of learning theories and the systematic development of the learning materials. The new course design was then validated by ten experts using the BACMAN model and got an average of 4.1 out of 5; it was subsequently published through the Blackboard Learning Management System and taught to Group (B) in spring 2009 academic semester. An analysis of students’ attitudes in Group (B) revealed noticeable improvements in relation to the same variables; 100 per cent of the students appreciated the clarity of course objectives, 100 per cent the appropriateness of the content to the objectives, 83.3 per cent the information presentation and finally 100 per cent the ease of understanding the content.
Anterolateral Papillary Muscle Rupture Caused by Myocardial Infarction: A case report
Authors: Dalak Faisal A , AlBaradai Abdulaziz. , AlMutairi Fawwaz , AlGhofaili Fahad 
Published: September 2015

<p>Abstract </p><p>Background: </p><p>The rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle is less common than the posteromedial papillary muscle since the anterolateral muscle has dual blood supplies, while the posteromedial papillary muscle has a single blood supply. <strong></strong></p><p>Case presentation: </p><p>We present a case report of a 62 year old Sudanese male presenting with acute inferior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), underwent primary PCI (percutaneous intervention) to the right coronary artery. One hour after the PCI, he had sudden heart failure Kilip class IV, with significant shortness of breath, required intubation. Diagnosed to have mitral regurgitation from the complete rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle due to coronary artery disease. The Transthoracic images were not enough to show the mitral valve apparatus and the transeophageal echocardiography as a gold standard showed clearly the rupture of the antero-lateral papillary muscle. The patient underwent a mitral valve replacement and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting of the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. <strong></strong></p><p>Conclusion: </p><p>Acute mitral regurgitation can be precipitated by acute myocardial infarction due to rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle. <strong></strong></p>
Reliability and Validity of the Measurement of Scapular Position Using the Protractor Method
Authors: O'Shea Aidan , Kelly Rory , Williams Sian , McKenna Leanda 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundThe protractor method is a proposed clinical assessment tool, the first to measure vertical scapular position, that directly compares scapular and spinal landmarks. This tool has the potential to reliably and accurately measure excessive scapular elevation or depression.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine reliability and validity of the protractor method to measure resting scapular position.DesignAn interrater and intratester reliability and validity study was conducted.MethodsTesting was conducted on the same day by 2 physical therapists who were blinded to each other's results. The vertical distances between the spinous process of C7 and the superior margin of the medial aspect of the spine of the scapula (C7 method) and the spinous process of T8 and the inferior angle of the scapula (T8 method) were palpated and measured on the symptomatic shoulder in 34 people with current shoulder pain using the protractor method. Measurements were compared with 2-dimensional camera analysis to assess validity.ResultsFor intertester reliability, the standard error of measure, minimal detectable change, and intraclass correlation coefficient were 6.3 mm, 17.3 mm, and .78, respectively, for the C7 method and 5.7 mm, 15.7 mm, and .82, respectively, for the T8 method. For intratester reliability, the standard error of measure, minimal detectable change, and intraclass correlation coefficient were &lt;0.9 mm, &lt;2.5 mm, and .99, respectively. For validity, significant correlations (r) and mean differences were .83 and 10.1 mm, respectively, for the C7 method and .92 and 2.2 mm, respectively, for the T8 method.LimitationThe results of this study are limited to static measurement of the scapula in one plane.ConclusionBoth protractor methods were shown to have good reliability and acceptable validity, with the T8 method demonstrating superior clinical utility. The clinical use of the T8 method is recommended for measurement of excessive resting scapular elevation or depression.