bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient-Centered Neurosurgery: Improved Outcomes after Subtotal Surgical Resection and Nonframe-Based Fractionated Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Large Cerebellopontine Angle Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Hazra Darpanarayan , Chandy Gina Maryann , Roy Sanjoy , Ghosh Amit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background The novel paradigm in neurosurgery for large vestibular schwannomas (VSs) involves a combination of planned subtotal resection (STR) and scheduled postoperative fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT).
Methods This retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate and compare the outcomes of patients who underwent either near-total resection (NTR) or were treated with STR and scheduled FSRT over 6 years. We systematically coded and analyzed the data to obtain comprehensive insights into the results.
Results Our study included 65 patients diagnosed with large VS, who underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy and NTR or STR for tumor removal. The mean age of the cohort was 42.6 (standard deviation: 16.2) years, with 40 (61.5%) female patients. All patients presented with asymmetrical sensory neural hearing loss and other prevalent symptoms such as headache (58) and tinnitus (58). Cerebellar signs, speech abnormalities, and pyramidal signs were also observed. Ten patients underwent NTR, and 55 underwent STR followed by an FSRT at 3 months or later based on the physical and radiological findings. Facial nerve palsy was noted in all cases of those who underwent NTR, while no instances of facial nerve palsy, lower cranial nerve palsy, posterior fossa, or brain stem injury were noted in the STR group. One patient undergoing STR experienced meningitis and died despite best possible medical management. The majority of patients showed symptom improvement, and none of the patients reported recurrence at 3-year follow-up.
Conclusion The combined approach of STR and FSRT ensures safety, high tumor control rates, and favorable outcomes. It provides a sensible alternative to NTR for managing large tumors, emphasizing tumor debulking while preserving neurological function for overall benefit.
Comparative analysis of tobacco industry cigarette marketing expenditures in the United States, 2009–2018
Authors: AlDukhail Shaikha , Agaku Israel T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnti-tobacco campaigns face challenges as tobacco marketing consistently outpaces funding for public health presentation initiatives. In 2017, tobacco companies spent around $1 million every hour to promote cigarettes and smokeless tobacco in the US. That same year, they were also mandated to sponsor and disseminate Federal court ordered Corrective Statements (CSs) advertisements in outlets such as newspapers and major television networks. Thus, it is crucial to monitor the marketing activities of the tobacco industry to bolster effective tobacco control efforts. Cigarettes marketing expenditures were obtained from the Federal Trade Commission Cigarettes reports and adjusted for inflation using the Consumer Price Index Inflation Calculator. Temporal trends during 2009–2018 period were assessed using Joinpoint regression at (p < 0.05). The costs of publishing the CSs in print were estimated based on the cost of a full-page advertisement with similar specifications. Between 2009 and 2018, the total adjusted cigarette marketing expenditures exhibited no significant changes (AAPC = −1.5). Spending on print advertisements decreased from 0.43% in 2009 to 0.1% in 2018. Magazine cigarette marketing expenditures underwent a relative percentage decline of 80% (AAPC = −13.5;p < 0.05). In 2018, the tobacco industry allocated approximately $8.5 million for print advertisements to promote cigarettes. We estimated that it cost $5.5 million to disseminate the CSs in print the same year, constituting 0.06% of the overall expenditure on cigarette marketing and promotion. Several traditional cigarettes advertising categories have seen reduced funding over the past decade. Nevertheless, the total marketing expenditure remained unaffected. In response to marketing regulations, tobacco companies shifted their funds to less regulated channels. In 2018, a significant portion of promotional expenditures were directed toward various price discounts, which could potentially expose vulnerable children and youths to cigarette marketing. Lastly, the impact of CSs was weakened by delayed implementation and shift in consumer attention from traditional media to other digital channels.
Harmonizing economies and ecologies: Towards an equitable provincial carbon quota allocation for China’s peak emissions
Authors: Xing Zhencheng , Ma Yanyan , Luo Lan , Wang Haikun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRational provincial allocation of carbon quotas serves as the foundational premise for attaining China’s carbon peak. Yet, prevailing strategies often overlook the holistic integration of trade-induced carbon transfers and ecological carbon sequestration, resulting in equity and scientific robustness deficiencies. This study addresses these shortcomings by examining historical carbon sources and sinks across China’s provinces and proposing a novel provincial allocation scheme based on the ‘equal consumption-based cumulative per capita net emission’ principle. Our findings reveal significant disparities in the carbon quotas between provinces, ranging from ‒98 Mt in Shanghai to 1016 Mt in Sichuan, primarily influenced by factors such as population size, historical emissions, and carbon sinks. The proposed scheme, integrating considerations of carbon transfers and sinks, safeguards the interests of less developed provinces (e.g., Hebei and Inner Mongolia) and those with valuable ecosystems (e.g., Yunnan and Inner Mongolia). Furthermore, the impact of carbon transfers on provincial carbon allocation quotas is more pronounced than that of carbon sinks. For instance, the inclusion of carbon transfers has increased Inner Mongolia’s quotas by 238 Mt, compared to 125 Mt attributed to carbon sinks. Considering the disparities in emissions reduction pressure and capacity across different provinces, combining fair carbon quota allocation with a nationwide carbon market can achieve cost-effective emissions reduction while ensuring the attainment of carbon peak.
Chasm and net: metaphors in elder-related texts in a Chinese economic newspaper
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Qian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current situation of aging in China is unprecedentedly severe. Polices responding to the issues about aging are tracked by the media. This study investigates the living conditions of elders portrayed in a Chinese economic newspaper, the Economic Daily, through a metaphor analysis of 309 news reports pertaining to their living conditions. The analysis is positioned within the framework of rhetorical criticism, which allows the rhetorical motive hidden behind metaphors to be discovered. Three major metaphors—metaphor of net, metaphor of building, and metaphor of chasm are found and analyzed. Most notably, two keywords—“chasm” and “net” are suggested to explain the metaphor choices of journalists and to offer insights into elders’ living conditions in China. This study finds that the chasm encompassing both the invisible gap and the obstacles confronted by Chinese elders calls for the safeguarding of a protective net. However, in the construction of the net, elders’ subjectivity is often compromised and marginalized.
Exploring the nexus between national innovation performance and happiness
Authors: Popescu Irina Alina , Reis Mourão Paulo Jorge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study of happiness in economics has started to gain considerable momentum. Social policy factors are currently being recognized as determinants of national competitiveness, while innovation is an important factor to ensure economic growth and societal well-being. In order to shed light on the complex relationship between innovation performance and societal happiness, an examination was conducted in 130 countries that covered observations from 2011 to 2022. The analysis aims to uncover the degree to which these two dimensions are interconnected and to discern whether one may be identified as the causal factor of the other. The results derived from the SGMM regressions reveal that spaces characterized by elevated levels of innovation also tend to exhibit correspondingly higher indicators of resident happiness. Notably, this relationship is particularly pronounced in countries with observed real income per capita. Consequently, this study supports the hypothesis that innovation fosters improvements in resident well-being, despite ongoing debates. In light of these results, understanding the positive association between innovation and happiness has significant policy implications for fostering economic growth and enhancing quality of life on a national scale.
Ultra-wideband RCS reduction based on reflection cancellation and tunable absorption
Authors: Zeng Xianliang , Wu Weijun , Tao Li , Li Shuang 
Published: July 2024

This study proposes an ultra-wideband radar cross section (RCS) reduction technique based on reflection phase interference cancellation and tunable absorption. The operational frequency band of the combined structure is enhanced by uniting two overlapped frequency ranges effectively. As proof of concept, a demonstration structure is designed with a stacked chessboard and an active frequency selective surface (AFSS) absorber. The upper chessboard constructed of a square loop and circular patch unit cells can realize destructive phase interference performance at higher frequencies, while the bottom AFSS absorber achieves tunable absorption at a lower frequency range. Three-dimensional scattering patterns at low and high frequencies are analyzed to verify these two different RCS reduction mechanisms. The combined fabrication structure can obtain an ultra-wideband RCS reduction of more than 10 dB from 4.4 to 36.5 GHz, compared to a metallic plate of the same size, indicating good agreement between full-wave simulation and measurements.
Detecting the heterodyning of gravitational waves
Authors: Stegmann Jakob , Vermeulen Sander M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Gravitational waves modulate the apparent frequencies of other periodic signals. Low-frequency gravitational waves could therefore be detected by observing frequency modulations in signals from higher-frequency sources, e.g. those from binary white dwarfs detected with the LISA gravitational-wave detector. We propose a concrete method to extract these modulations by coherently adding the cross-spectra of a large number of well-resolved quasi-monochromatic signals. We apply this method to the case of LISA, and find this method would enable the detection of background gravitational wave strain amplitudes of, e.g.

A
≃

10

−
10

at a frequency

F
≃

10

−
8

Hz

, given current projections for the number and properties of Galactic binary white dwarfs and the sensitivity of the instrument. We also estimate (to within an order of magnitude) that this method could potentially compete with that of current pulsar timing arrays when using signals from binary neutron stars such as those expected to be observed with proposed detectors like DECIGO. Our results show that gravitational-wave detectors could be sensitive at frequencies outside of their designed bandwidth using the same infrastructure, which has the potential to open up unexplored and otherwise inaccessible parts of the gravitational wave spectrum.
Using magnons as a quantum technology platform: a perspective
Authors: Pal Pratap Kumar , Mondal Amrit Kumar , Barman Anjan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traditional electronics rely on charge currents for controlling and transmitting information, resulting in energy dissipation due to electron scattering. Over the last decade, magnons, quanta of spin waves, have emerged as a promising alternative. This perspective article provides a brief review of experimental and theoretical studies on quantum and hybrid magnonics resulting from the interaction of magnons with other quasiparticles in the GHz frequency range, offering insights into the development of functional magnonic devices. In this process, we discuss recent advancements in the quantum theory of magnons and their coupling with various types of qubits in nanoscale ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, synthetic antiferromagnets, and magnetic bulk systems. Additionally, we explore potential technological platforms that enable new functionalities in magnonics, concluding with future directions and emerging phenomena in this burgeoning field.
New global exponential stability conditions for nonlinear delayed differential systems with three kinds of time-varying delays
Authors: Zhang Xian , Zhang Zhongjie , Wang Yantao , Wang Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For a class of nonlinear differential systems with heterogeneous time-varying delays, including distributed, leakage and transmission time-varying delays, a novel global exponential stability (GES) analysis method was developed. Based on the GES definition, some sufficient conditions and rigorous convergence analysis of nonlinear delayed differential systems are presented directly, which ensure all states to be globally exponentially convergent. The proposed analysis method not only avoids the construction of the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, but also uses some simple integral reduction techniques to determine the global exponential convergence rate. Furthermore, the main advantages and low calculation complexity are demonstrated through a theoretical comparison. Finally, three numerical examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Emergent phases in graphene flat bands
Authors: Bhowmik Saisab , Ghosh Arindam , Chandni U 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electronic correlations in two-dimensional materials play a crucial role in stabilising emergent phases of matter. The realisation of correlation-driven phenomena in graphene has remained a longstanding goal, primarily due to the absence of strong electron-electron interactions within its low-energy bands. In this context, magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene has recently emerged as a novel platform featuring correlated phases favoured by the low-energy flat bands of the underlying moiré superlattice. Notably, the observation of correlated insulators and superconductivity, and the interplay between these phases have garnered significant attention. A wealth of correlated phases with unprecedented tunability was discovered subsequently, including orbital ferromagnetism, Chern insulators, strange metallicity, density waves, and nematicity. However, a comprehensive understanding of these closely competing phases remains elusive. The ability to controllably twist and stack multiple graphene layers has enabled the creation of a whole new family of moiré superlattices with myriad properties. Here, we review the progress and development achieved so far, encompassing the rich phase diagrams offered by these graphene-based moiré systems. Additionally, we discuss multiple phases recently observed in non-moiré multilayer graphene systems. Finally, we outline future opportunities and challenges for the exploration of hidden phases in this new generation of moiré materials.
Novel emergent phases in a two-dimensional superconductor
Authors: Kaur Simrandeep , Kumar Kundu Hemanta , Kumar Sumit , Dogra Anjana , Narayanan Rajesh , Vojta Thomas , Bid Aveek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this letter, we report our observation of an extraordinarily rich phase diagram of a LaScO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure. Close to the superconducting transition temperature, the system hosts a superconducting critical point of the Infinite-randomness type characterized by an effective dynamical exponent

ν
z

that diverges logarithmically. At lower temperatures, we find the emergence of a magnetic field-tuned metallic phase that co-exists with a quantum Griffiths phase (QGP). Our study reveals a previously unobserved phenomenon in 2D superconductors—an unanticipated suppression of the QGP below a crossover temperature in this system. This concealment is accompanied by the destruction of the superconducting quantum critical point (QCP) signaled by a power-law divergence (in temperature) of the effective dynamical exponent. These observations are entirely at odds with the predictions of the infinite-randomness scenario and challenge the very concept of a vanishing energy scale associated with a QCP. We develop and discuss possible scenarios like smearing of the phase transition that could plausibly explain our observations. Our findings challenge the notion that QGP is the ultimate ground state in two-dimensional superconductors.
The feasibility and safety of biomaterials for posterior scleral reinforcement in rabbits
Authors: Zhang Wen-fei , Li Bin-han , Liu Zi-bo , Peng Tai-ran , Dai Rong-ping , Yang Zhi-kun , Wang Yue-lin , Xiong Zhuo , Wu Chan , Zhang Ting , Xue An-quan , Chen You-xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To explore the feasibility and safety of biomaterials for posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) in rabbits. Decellularization and genipin crosslink were applied to the fresh bovine pericardium and porcine endocranium, and then mechanical properties, suture retention strength, and stability were tested. PSR operation was performed on 24 rabbit eyes using treated biological materials. Ophthalmic examination was performed regularly before and after PSR operation (1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months). To evaluate the effectiveness, A ultrasound, diopter, and optical coherence tomography were conducted. General condition, fundus photograph, and pathological examination were recorded to evaluate the safety. Compared with genipin crosslinked bovine pericardium (Gen-BP) (21.29 ± 13.29 Mpa), genipin crosslinked porcine endocranium (Gen-PE) (34.85 ± 3.67 Mpa, P < 0.01) showed a closer elastic modulus to that of genipin crosslinked human sclera. There were no complications or toxic reactions directly related to the materials. Capillary hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen fiber deposition were observed, and the content of type I collagen fibers increased after PSR. Overall, the choroidal thickness of treated eyes was significantly thickened at different time points after PSR, which were 96.84 ± 21.08 μm, 96.72 ± 22.00 μm, 90.90 ± 16.57 μm, 97.28 ± 14.74 μm, respectively. The Gen-PE group showed changes that were almost consistent with the overall data. Gen-BP and Gen-PE are safe biological materials for PSR. The Gen-PE group demonstrated more significant advantages over the Gen-BP group in terms of material properties.
Exploring pesticide transport, groundwater, and environmental justice in a changing climate: a community engaged research approach
Authors: Martin Pedro J , Wen Yingxi , Woods Alexis , Fayida Tresor , Hobbs Shakira R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The pressing issue of pesticide exposure disproportionately affecting marginalized communities underscores the immediate necessity to tackle pesticide drift from nearby agricultural areas, especially aggravated by the impacts of climate change. Effective measures including stricter regulations, enhanced monitoring, alternative agricultural practices, and community engagement are essential to mitigate environmental injustices and safeguard community health. This article delves into the intricate relationship between pesticide transport, groundwater vulnerability, and environmental justice within the context of climate change. Employing a geospatial analytical hierarchy overlay model, we comprehensively assess the impact of pesticide transport on groundwater vulnerability while scrutinizing climate change and associated environmental justice concerns. Groundwater vulnerability across the Kentucky River Basin varies, with 18% classified as very low, 23% as low, 27% as prone, and 20% and 12% as high and very high, respectively, concentrated mainly in the mid-eastern and southern regions due to population density and biodiversity. The research integrates a robust analytical detection technique, with a focus on glyphosate and its metabolites concentrations, to validate and refine spatial models. By engaging with communities, this study enhances understanding of environmental complexities, offering insights for sustainable environmental management.
Flow structure around a microswimmer at fluid–fluid interface
Authors: Mishra Rishish , Gosika Mounika , Gidituri Harinadha , Pothukuchi Harish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Living organisms such as bacteria and algae often form biofilms at air–liquid and/or liquid–liquid interfaces. Therefore, it is important to understand the hydrodynamic interaction between the fluid–fluid interface and microorganisms. In the present study, a squirmer model is employed to study the flow field structures around a symmetrically trapped spherical microswimmer at an interface separating two fluids with viscosity contrast. In these simulations, Reynolds (

Re

) and Capillary (

Ca

) numbers are very small, and hence the contribution of inertia and interface deformations are neglected. The squirmer model is validated against the analytical solution obtained by considering a source dipole. It is observed that the flow structure and vorticity distribution around the microswimmers are strongly influenced by the squirmer parameter (β) and viscosity contrast (λ). Furthermore, the interplay between force-dipole and source-dipole along with viscosity contrast leads to a range of flow structures such as symmetric four-lobe and asymmetric quadrupolar flow fields. This flow structure asymmetry around the swimmer is quantified with different steady state orientations (φ). The effect of flow profile on the passive tracer particle transport is explored in terms of trajectories. Specifically, larger values of φ result in more profound curly trajectories.
Investigation and evaluation of high-temperature lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) corrosion resistance and compression performance of the FeCrAl-based coatings
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qiu Xi , Zhou Mingyang , Yang Jijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The high-temperature lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) corrosion resistance and ring compression performance of the Fe15Cr11Al2Si, Fe15Cr11Al0.5Y, and Fe15Cr11Al2Si0.5Y coatings were investigated. Even if the corrosion test temperature reaches 800 °C, all these coatings can effectively protect the steel cladding tube. After the corrosion test temperature exceeded 660 °C, an obvious Al-rich oxide layer was formed on the surface of the coating, and Al element enrichment occurred at the interface between the coating and the substrate. After the corrosion test at 800 °C, holes appeared in the thick interface layer of the Fe15Cr11Al2Si0.5Y coating. The Fe15Cr11Al2Si coating cracked after the ring compression test with a deformation rate of 3%, and the coating peeled off after the deformation rate reached 5%. When the deformation rate reached 5%, there was still no cracking in the Fe15Cr11Al0.5Y coating. When the deformation rate reached 30%, the coating cracked, but the cracked coating was still tightly bonded with the substrate. The Fe15Cr11Al2Si0.5Y coating has the worst compression performance, even if the deformation rate is 1%, the coating still peels off obviously. The underlying mechanism for the evolution of corrosion resistance and compression performance was discussed.