bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of early congenital cholesteatoma: Minimally invasive transcanal approach
Authors: Lee Sang H. , Jang Jeong H. , Lee Dongjun , Lee Hye‐Ryung , Lee Kyu‐Yup 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo introduce a simple and alternative surgical technique, minimally invasive transcanal myringotomy (MITM), for early stage congenital cholesteatoma in children and to evaluate the feasibility and results of MITM for management of early stage congenital cholesteatoma with respect to its effectiveness and safety.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsBetween August 2008 and September 2012, a total of 36 patients with congenital cholesteatoma met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Patient medical records, including demographic characteristics, intraoperative findings, and follow‐up records, were reviewed.ResultsSubjects consisted of 23 males (64%) and 13 females (36%), and the age at operation ranged from 12 months to 6 years (mean age = 3 years and 6 months). The number of congenital cholesteatoma was as follows: 26 patients at stage I and 10 patients at stage II. The follow‐up duration was between 12 and 56 months, with an average of 30 months. There were no postoperative complications such as tympanic membrane perforation, dizziness, or secondary middle ear infection. Among 36 patients who had undergone the MITM approach for the treatment of congenital cholesteatoma, five (13.8%) showed recurrence and underwent a second‐look operation.ConclusionsOn the basis of our data, the MITM approach is a useful surgical technique for early stage congenital cholesteatoma in children. It has many advantages, in that there is no external wound and it is a simple surgical technique that involves easy postoperative care, a short operation time and hospitalization period, avoidance of serious complications, and easy repeatability for recurrence.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:755–759, 2014
Highly Oleophobic Properties of PEDOP Polymers with Short Perfluorobutyl Chains Separated by Long Alkyl Spacers and Amido Connectors
Authors: Darmanin Thierry , Guittard Frédéric 
Published: July 2013

In order to find alternatives to long perfluorinated chains, due to their bioaccumulative potentials, in the elaboration of superoleophobic surfaces, an original 3,4‐ethylenedioxypyrrole (EDOP) derivative containing a perfluorobutyl chain (F‐butyl) is synthesized and characterized. The F‐butyl chain is separated from the EDOP moiety by a long undecyl spacer and an amido connector in order to reduce its mobility. The electrodeposition of the corresponding polymer leads to superhydro­phobic and highly oleophobic properties with contact angles of 158.5°, 137.0°, and 129.1° for water, diiodomethane, and hexadecane, respectively. Here, the presence of amido groups seems to specifically increase the oil‐repellent properties in comparison with the water‐repellent properties, due to the polarity of this group.
image
D‐A Conjugated Polymers Based on Tetracyclic Acceptor Units: Synthesis and Application in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jianhua , Liao Qiaogan , Ye Gang , He Dan , Du Xiaoyan , Zhu Weiguo , Liao Jianhe , Xiao Zuo , Ding Liming 
Published: July 2013

Two electron‐deficient tetracyclic monomers, 6,9‐dibromo‐7,8‐bis(octyloxy)‐11H‐indeno[2,1‐b] quinoxalin‐11‐one (M1) and 1,3‐bis(5′‐bromo‐4′‐hexylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐9H‐indeno[1,2‐b]thieno[3,4‐e]pyrazin‐9‐one (M2), are synthesized through condensation of ninhydrin with aromatic diamines in good yields. Copolymerization of M1 with thiophene (Th) and dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]silole (DTS), and M2 with DTS affords three new D–A conjugated copolymers, P1–P3, respectively. The optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of P1–P3 are investigated. P3 exhibits a broad absorption (300–1100 nm) and a low bandgap of 1.24 eV. Solar cells based on P3/[6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) blends afford a power conversion efficiency of 1.93% and a very broad spectral response (300–1020 nm).
image
Poly([1,4]Dithiino[2,3‐c]Furan): The Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Optoelectronic Properties of a Furan‐Containing Polymer
Authors: Kaur Sandeep , Findlay Neil J. , Coomer Fiona C. , Berridge Rory , Skabara Peter J. 
Published: July 2013

The chemical synthesis of a novel polyfuran, poly(2,3‐bis(hexylthio)‐[1,4]dithiino[2,3‐c]furan) (PBDF), substituted at the 2,3‐positions with an S‐alkylated dithiin unit, is reported. The new polymer has been characterized in terms of its electronic absorption, electrochemical, and thermal properties. Employment of the dithiin moiety provides intrinsic additional electroactivity, as well as a functional handle for substitution with alkyl groups, enhancing the processability of the polymer. The new polymer is compared with the closely related and well‐established literature compounds PEDOT and PEDTT as well‐studied, highly chalcogenated polythiophenes.
image
Green Polymer Chemistry VIII: Synthesis of Halo‐ester‐Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol)s via Enzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Castano Marcela , Seo Kwang Su , Kim Eun Hye , Becker Matthew L. , Puskas Judit E. 
Published: July 2013

Halo‐ester‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) are successfully prepared by the transesterification of alkyl halo‐esters with PEGs using Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) as a biocatalyst under the solventless conditions. Transesterifications of chlorine, bromine, and iodine esters with tetraethylene glycol monobenzyl ether (BzTEG) are quantitative in less than 2.5 h. The transesterification of halo‐esters with PEGs are complete in 4 h. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy with MALDI‐ToF and ESI mass spectrometry confirm the structure and purity of the products. This method provides a convenient and “green” process to effectively produce halo‐ester PEGs.
image
Male mice express spermatogenic cell‐specific triosephosphate isomerase isozymes
Authors: Ijiri Takashi W. , Vadnais Melissa L. , Lin Angel M. , Huang Andy P. , Cao Wenlei , Merdiushev Tanya , Gerton George L. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYTriosephosphate isomerase 1 (TPI1) is a member of the glycolytic pathway, which is a critical source of energy for motility in mouse sperm. By immunoblotting, we detected two male, germ line‐specific TPI1 bands (Mr 33,400 and 30,800) as well as the somatic‐type band (Mr 27,700). Although all three bands were observed in spermatogenic cells, somatic‐type TPI1 disappeared from sperm during epididymal maturation. In vitro dephosphorylation analysis suggested that the two male, germ line‐specific TPI1 bands were not the result of phosphorylation of the 27,700 Mr TPI1 band. The Mr 33,400; 30,800; and 27,700 TPI1 bands corresponded to the respective sizes of the proteins predicted to use the first, second, and third possible initiation codons of the Tpi1 cDNA. We performed immunofluorescence on epididymal sperm and determined that TPI1 specifically localized in the principal piece. The antibody staining was stronger in cauda epididymal sperm than in caput epididymal sperm, a finding consistent with the identification of TPI1 as a cauda epididymal sperm‐enriched protein. Immunofluorescence with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐insoluble flagellar accessory structures showed a strong TPI1 signal only in the principal piece, indicating that TPI1 is a component of the fibrous sheath. Northern blot hybridization detected longer Tpi1 transcripts (1.56 kb) in mouse testis, whereas somatic tissues had shorter transcripts (1.32 kb). As there is only one triosephosphate isomerase gene in the mouse genome, we conclude that the three variants we see in sperm result from the use of alternative translation start codons in spermatogenic cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 862–870, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Multivariable confounding adjustment in distributed data networks without sharing of patient‐level data
Authors: Toh Sengwee , Reichman Marsha E. , Houstoun Monika , Ding Xiao , Fireman Bruce H. , Gravel Eric , Levenson Mark , Li Lingling , Moyneur Erick , Shoaibi Azadeh , Zornberg Gwen , Hennessy Sean 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeIt is increasingly necessary to analyze data from multiple sources when conducting public health safety surveillance or comparative effectiveness research. However, security, privacy, proprietary, and legal concerns often reduce data holders' willingness to share highly granular information. We describe and compare two approaches that do not require sharing of patient‐level information to adjust for confounding in multi‐site studies.MethodsWe estimated the risks of angioedema associated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and aliskiren in comparison with beta‐blockers within Mini‐Sentinel, which has created a distributed data system of 18 health plans. To obtain the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), we performed (i) a propensity score‐stratified case‐centered logistic regression analysis, a method identical to a stratified Cox regression analysis but needing only aggregated risk set data, and (ii) an inverse variance‐weighted meta‐analysis, which requires only the site‐specific HR and variance. We also performed simulations to further compare the two methods.ResultsCompared with beta‐blockers, the adjusted HR was 3.04 (95% CI: 2.81, 3.27) for ACEIs, 1.16 (1.00, 1.34) for ARBs, and 2.85 (1.34, 6.04) for aliskiren in the case‐centered analysis. The corresponding HRs were 2.98 (2.76, 3.21), 1.15 (1.00, 1.33), and 2.86 (1.35, 6.04) in the meta‐analysis. Simulations suggested that the two methods may produce different results under certain analytic scenarios.ConclusionThe case‐centered analysis and the meta‐analysis produced similar results without the need to share patient‐level data across sites in our empirical study, but may provide different results in other study settings. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐resolved free carrier lifetime microscopy in bulk GaN
Authors: Šcˇajev Patrik , Nargelas Saulius , Jarašiūnas Kęstutis 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA novel setup for lifetime microscopy measurements was designed and applied for carrier lifetime mapping in a bulk GaN. Photoexcitation by a picosecond UV pump and detection of time‐resolved free carrier absorption (FCA) images on a CCD camera enabled the mapping of carrier lifetime distribution with a spatial resolution of 5 μm. The spatial variation of lifetime in the bulk HVPE‐grown GaN revealed the presence of different‐size crystalline grains, with lifetime peaking up to 70 ns in the centers of the largest grains (∼20 μm in diameter) and dropping to 10 ns in the small ones, while the spatially averaged lifetime was 40 ns. The inhomogeneity was ascribed to the interplay of nonradiative diffusion‐limited recombination at grain boundaries and a bulk lifetime in the crystallite centers. The numerical solution of spatially‐resolved carrier decay rate in the crystallite centers at high injection levels and comparison with experimental data provided a bulk nonradiative recombination time of ∼70 ns. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu particle seeded InP–InAs axial nanowire heterostructures
Authors: Hillerich Karla , Ghidini Dario S. , Dick Kimberly A. , Deppert Knut , Johansson Jonas 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageWe demonstrate the epitaxial growth of alternating InP–InAs nanowire heterostructures using Cu seed particles in MOVPE. We observe extraordinary early stages in the formation of InAs segments, e.g. three‐dimensional nucleation instead of step‐flow growth. Furthermore, InAs segments of thin nanowires exhibit extended 4H crystal structure.magnified imageColor coded XEDS elemental map of a typical InP–InAs nanowire heterostructure seeded by a Cu particle.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐gain observers and linear output regulation for hybrid exosystems
Authors: Cox Nicholas , Marconi Lorenzo , Teel Andrew 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWe consider the hybrid output regulation problem for minimum phase linear systems with relative degree greater than one. In the hybrid output regulation problem, an exosystem provides a disturbance or tracking signal that must be matched via an internal model in order to asymptotically regulate the error. This hybrid exosystem is a linear system that experiences periodic jumps. In this context, we build upon previous works in hybrid output regulation by showing how high‐gain observers can successfully overcome the obstacle of high relative degree. In certain scenarios, they can also be used to stabilize the hybrid internal model dynamics through jumps. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress‐reduction Interventions in an Australian University: A Case Study
Authors: Pignata Silvia , Winefield Anthony H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe examined the effects of awareness of stress‐reduction interventions on employee well‐being and work attitudes using a mixed methods design. Cross‐sectional data are presented from 247 employees who completed questionnaires in 2004 at one Australian university. Analyses indicated that employees, who reported that interventions had been undertaken, scored higher on job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment, perceived procedural justice and trust in senior management than those who were not aware of the measures, although they did not differ in psychological strain. Details of the stress‐reduction interventions implemented by the Occupational Health and Safety department at the university are also reported. Thematic analyses of the perceived causes of both decreases and increases in stress for employees showed that staff reported workload and staffing pressures as key sources of increases in stress. On the other hand, new supervisors and/or management were identified as sources of decreased stress. Areas for consideration in future efforts to develop and refine stress interventions are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of wound ballistic research and its applicability to wildlife management
Authors: Caudell Joe N. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWound ballistics is a science that has been gaining attention in wildlife management because of the movement toward non‐lead bullets for hunting and wildlife management projects. Wildlife biologists and managers are interested in evaluating new bullet technologies and using traditional bullets outside of their initial design parameters; however, much of the background and science that is involved in a wound ballistic study is outside of a typical wildlife biologist's training. I present a review of major wound ballistic history and background, including theories of how bullets wound and kill, and I review the primary techniques used for wound ballistic research. I found that most of the wound ballistic literature is found in a wide range of publications in both gray and primary literature; however, little work has been published that uses these techniques to investigate wound ballistics for wildlife management. Many of the techniques described for assessing the terminal ballistic for medical, military, and law enforcement purposes can be applied in the wildlife management field. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Dietary Intake and Food Sources of EPA, DPA and DHA in Australian Children
Authors: Rahmawaty Setyaningrum , Charlton Karen , Lyons‐Wall Philippa , Meyer Barbara J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSecondary analysis of the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity survey was undertaken to assess the intake and food sources of EPA, DPA and DHA (excluding supplements) in 4,487 children aged 2–16 years. An average of two 24‐h dietary recalls was analysed for each child and food sources of EPA, DPA and DHA were assessed using the Australian nutrient composition database called AUSNUT 2007. Median (inter quartile range, IQR) for EPA, DPA and DHA intakes (mg/day) for 2–3, 4–8, 9–13, 14–16 year were: EPA 5.3 (1.5–14), 6.7 (1.8–18), 8.7 (2.6–23), 9.8 (2.7–28) respectively; DPA 6.2 (2.2–14), 8.2 (3.3–18), 10.8 (4.3–24), 12.2 (5–29) respectively; and DHA 3.9 (0.6–24), 5.1 (0.9–26), 6.8 (1.1–27), 7.8 (1.5–33) respectively. Energy‐adjusted intakes of EPA, DPA and DHA in children who ate fish were 7.5, 2 and 16‐fold higher, respectively (P < 0.001) compared to those who did not eat fish during the 2 days of the survey. Intake of total long chain n‐3 PUFA was compared to the energy adjusted suggested dietary target (SDT) for Australian children and 20 % of children who ate fish during the 2 days of the survey met the SDT. Fish and seafood products were the largest contributors to DHA (76 %) and EPA (59 %) intake, while meat, poultry and game contributed to 56 % DPA. Meat consumption was 8.5 times greater than that for fish/seafood. Australian children do not consume the recommended amounts of long chain omega‐3 fatty acids, especially DHA, which could be explained by low fish consumption.
Aberrant Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Human Fallopian Tube with Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Gao Xiaolin , Ning Nannan , Kong Beihua , Xu Yongping , Xu Hui , Zhou Chengjun , Li Su , Shao Yi , Qiu Jianqing , Li Jingxin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), a product of sphingomyelin metabolism, is generated via phosphorylation of sphingosine by sphingosine kinases (SphK). It acts via a family of G protein‐coupled receptors or as an intracellular second messenger for agonists acting through the S1P receptors (S1P1–5). In our study, the expression of SphK1 and S1P1 was identified by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot. The concentration of S1P was measured using ELISA. The spontaneous contraction of isolated fallopian tube strips was determined by tension recording. Our results showed that SphK1 and S1P1 were localized in the fallopian tube epithelial cells. In addition, smooth muscle cells also contained S1P1. Compared with the intrauterine pregnancy group, SPHK1 and S1P1 were overexpressed in ectopic pregnancy. However, the S1P concentration within the human oviduct from ectopic pregnancy subjects was largely reduced than that from normal pregnancy subject. The results from tension recording indicated that exogenous and intracellularly generated S1P can regulate the spontaneous contraction of oviduct isolated from rats and human. In conclusion, the sphingolipid metabolism signal pathway functionally existed in the human fallopian tube. Aberrant sphingolipid metabolism in the human fallopian tube may be involved in ectopic pregnancy.
The roles of internal locus of control and neighborhood affluence in predicting the continuity of negative self‐feelings from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Pals Heili , Kaplan Howard B. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study examines the moderating effect of locus of control on the continuity in negative self‐feelings from adolescence to young adulthood. We use longitudinal data of 1296 respondents from adolescence (11–13 years old) to young adulthood (20–24 years old). Using interaction effects in linear regression with robust standard errors we find that those with an internal locus of control experience stronger continuity in negative self‐feelings from adolescence to young adulthood. Furthermore, based on both self‐reported and objective measures of neighborhood status, internal locus of control increases the continuity in negative self‐feelings in the transition to adulthood in disadvantaged neighborhoods but not in advantaged neighborhoods. Thus, locus of control acts as a maladaptive mechanism in less affluent neighborhoods. This result demonstrates the importance of considering both the individual social psychological and the contextual sociological perspectives when investigating the role of internal locus of control on the perpetuation of negative self‐feelings.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase possesses two functional GyrA-boxes
Authors: Bouige Aurélie , Darmon Amélie , Piton Jérémie , Roue Mélanie , Petrella Stéphanie , Capton Estelle , Forterre Patrick , Aubry Alexandra , Mayer Claudine 
Published: July 2013

In contrast with most bacteria which possess two type II topoisomerases (topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase), Mycobacterium tuberculosis possesses only one, DNA gyrase, which is functionally a hybrid enzyme. Functional differences between the two type IIA topoisomerases are thought to be specified by a CTD (C-terminal DNA-binding domain), which controls DNA recognition. To explore the molecular mechanism responsible for the hybrid functions of the M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase, we conducted a series of sequence analyses and structural and biochemical experiments with the isolated GyrA CTD and the holoenzyme. Although the CTD displayed a global structure similar to that of bona fide GyrA and ParC paralogues, it harbours a second key motif similar in all respects to that of the conserved GyrA-box sequence motif. Biochemical assays showed that the GyrA-box is responsible for DNA supercoiling, whereas the second GyrA-box-l (GyrA-box-like motif) is responsible for the enhanced decatenation activity, suggesting that the mechanistic originality of M. tuberculosis DNA gyrase depends largely on the particular DNA path around the CTD allowed for by the presence of GyrA-box-l. The results of the present study also provide, through phylogenetic exploration of the entire Corynebacterineae suborder, a new and broader insight into the functional diversity of bacterial type IIA topoisomerases.
Dynamics of Gαi1 interaction with type 5 adenylate cyclase reveal the molecular basis for high sensitivity of Gi-mediated inhibition of cAMP production
Authors: Milde Markus , Rinne Andreas , Wunder Frank , Engelhardt Stefan , Bünemann Moritz 
Published: July 2013

Many physiological and pathophysiological processes are regulated by cAMP. Different therapies directly or indirectly influence the cellular concentration of this second messenger. A wide variety of receptors either activates or inhibits adenylate cyclases in order to induce proper physiological responses. A key event in this signalling system is the direct and dynamic interaction of Gαi1 subunits with adenylate cyclases. We established a FRET-based assay between G-protein subunits and AC5 (type 5 adenylate cyclase) and monitored receptor-stimulated interactions between Gαi1 and AC5 in single intact cells with high temporal resolution. We observed that FRET between Gαi1 and AC5 developed at much lower concentration of agonist compared with the overall Gi-protein activity resulting in a left-shift of the concentration–response curve by approximately one order of magnitude. Furthermore, Gi1-protein-mediated attenuation of AC5-dependent increases in cAMP occurred at comparable low concentrations of agonist. On analysing the dynamics we found the dissociation of the Gαi1 subunits and AC5 to occur significantly slower than the G-protein deactivation and to be insensitive to RGS4 (regulator of G-protein signalling type 4) expression. This led us to the conclusion that AC5, by binding active Gαi1, interferes with G-protein deactivation and reassembly and thereby might sensitize its own regulation.