bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and CAM5.2 in glial tumors and their role in differentiating glial tumors from metastatic tumors of central nervous system
Authors: Goyal Rama , Mathur Satyavir Kumar , Gupta Sumiti , Goyal Rahul , Kumar Sanjay , Batra Ashima , Hasija Sonia , Sen Rajeev 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become an important tool in the diagnosis of metastatic brain tumors. The judicious use of a panel of selected immunostains is unquestionably helpful in diagnostically challenging cases. In our study, the best combination of immune markers useful in differentiating metastatic carcinoma from high-grade gliomas in central nervous system (CNS) are glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cytokeratin (CK) (CAM5.2). Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 cases of glial tumors including metastatic tumors to the CNS. Histopathological diagnosis was established on routine hematoxylin and eosin staining of the sections. Special IHC markers, GFAP, and CAM5.2 were used to differentiate glial from metastatic tumors. Result: Of total 80 cases, 40 cases of astrocytic tumors, 2 cases of ependymoma, 2 cases of mixed glial tumors, and 16 cases of glioblastoma multiforme were positive for GFAP. Twelve cases of oligodendroglioma were negative for GFAP. The sensitivity of GFAP in glial tumors was statistically significant as 81.1% and specificity 100%, whereas sensitivity and specificity of CAM5.2 in metastatic tumors were 100%. Conclusion: IHC plays an important role in diagnosing tumors of CNS and markers such as GFAP and CK (CAM5.2) are quite effective in differentiating glial tumors from metastatic tumors of CNS.
Toric Degenerations and Laurent Polynomials Related to Givental's Landau–Ginzburg Models
Authors: Doran Charles F. , Harder Andrew 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor an appropriate class of Fano complete intersections in toric varieties, we prove that
there is a concrete relationship between degenerations to speciûc toric subvarieties and expressions
for Givental's Landau–Ginzburg models as Laurent polynomials. As a result, we show that Fano varieties
presented as complete intersections in partial flag manifolds admit degenerations to Gorenstein
toric weak Fano varieties, and their Givental Landau–Ginzburg models can be expressed as
corresponding Laurent polynomials.We also use this to show that all of the Laurent polynomials obtained by Coates, Kasprzyk and
Prince by the so–called Przyjalkowski method correspond to toric degenerations of the corresponding
Fano variety. We discuss applications to geometric transitions of Calabi–Yau varieties.
Dibujando el Townscape: en el centenario de Gordon Cullen
Authors: Montes Serrano Carlos , Alonso Rodríguez Marta 
Published: October 2015

<p>Hace veinte años fallecía el arquitecto y dibujante inglés Gordon Cullen, sin que las revistas españolas prestaran especial atención a su legado. Aprovechando que en 2014 se cumplió el centenario de Cullen, rendimos con este artículo un pequeño homenaje a su obra, y en especial a la génesis de su libro Townscape, que gracias a sus acertados análisis gráficos ha llegado a convertirse con el paso del tiempo en un clásico de la literatura arquitectónica.</p>
De la representación a la experiencia. Realidad Aumentada para la interpretación del patrimonio monumental de la Lonja de Valencia
Authors: Puyuelo Cazorla Marina , Val Fiel Mónica , Higón Calvet Jose Luis , Merino Sanjuán Lola 
Published: October 2015

<p>La tecnología al servicio de la representación gráfica virtual está en plena expansión a través de múltiples aplicaciones emergentes entre las que destaca la Realidad Aumentada. En ésta convergen factores diversos: los soportes gráficos, las experiencias perceptivas o la naturaleza de los dispositivos para su interacción con las personas.</p><p>El proyecto 1 de investigación realizado para el edificio gótico de la Lonja de los Mercaderes en Valencia (patrimonio de la humanidad UNESCO, 1996)<br />ha desarrollado el diseño de una aplicación de Realidad Aumentada con el objetivo de observar y validar su empleo como recurso de accesibilidad a distintos contenidos de este enclave monumental.</p><p>Las experiencias “in situ” han permitido constatar aspectos relevantes sobre<br />su aportación en el contexto real como: la necesidad de simplificar los medios para favorecer la accesibilidad y autonomía del usuario o, el rol del diseño de las marcas como soportes de la interacción con los modelos virtuales.</p>
Validation of the ANSR®Listeria Method for Detection of Listeria spp. in Selected Foods
Authors: Caballero Oscar , Alles Susan , Wendorf Michael , Gray R Lucas , Walton Kayla , Pinkava Lisa , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
ANSR®Listeria was previously certified as Performance Tested MethodSM 101202 for detection of Listeria spp. on selected environmental surfaces. This study proposes a matrix extension to the method for detection of Listeria spp. in selected food matrixes. The method is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction technology. Following single-step sample enrichment for 16–24 h, the assay is completed in less than 50 min, requiring only simple instrumentation. Inclusivity testing was performed using a panel of 51 strains of Listeria spp., representing the species L. grayi, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, and L. welshimeri. All strains tested were detected by the ANSR assay. Exclusivity testing of 30 strains representing non-Listeria Gram-positive bacteria yielded no evidence of cross-reactivity. Performance of the ANSR method for detection of Listeria spp. was compared to that of reference culture procedures for pasteurized liquid egg, pasteurized 2% milk, Mexican-style cheese, ice cream, smoked salmon, lettuce, cantaloupe, and guacamole. Data obtained in these unpaired studies and analyzed using a probability of detection model demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in results between the ANSR and reference culture methods, except for milk at 16 h and cantaloupe. In milk and smoked salmon, ANSR sensitivity was low at 16 h and therefore the recommended incubation time is 24 h. In cantaloupe, ANSR was found to be more sensitive than the reference culture method at both 16 and 24 h in independent aboratory testing. The ANSR Listeria method can be used as an accurate, rapid, and simple alternative to standard culture methods for detection of Listeria spp. in selected food types.
A Short Interspersed Nuclear Element (SINE)-Based Real-Time PCR Approach to Detect and Quantify Porcine Component in Meat Products
Authors: Zhang Chi , Fang Xin , Qiu Haopu , Li Ning 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Real-time PCR amplification of mitochondria gene could not be used for DNA quantification, and that of single copy DNA did not allow an ideal sensitivity. Moreover, cross-reactions among similar species were commonly observed in the published methods amplifying repetitive sequence, which hindered their further application. The purpose of this study was to establish a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-based real-time PCR approach having high specificity for species detection that could be used in DNA quantification. After massive screening of candidate Sus scrofa SINEs, one optimal combination of primers and probe was selected, which had no cross-reaction with other common meat species. LOD of the method was 44 fg DNA/reaction. Further, quantification tests showed this approach was practical in DNA estimation without tissue variance. Thus, this study provided a new tool for qualitative detection of porcine component, which could be promising in the QC of meat products.
Validation of a Minor Modification to the Soleris® Direct Yeast and Mold Vial and Selective Supplement
Authors: Alles Susan , McDougal Susan , Caballero Oscar , Mozola Mark , Rice Jennifer 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Here we describe results of a study to validate minor reagent formulation changes to the Soleris Direct Yeast and Mold (DYM) automated growth-based method for semi-quantitative detection of yeast and mold in food products. In order to reduce the maximum concentration of the selective agent chloramphenicol in the Soleris reagents, chloramphenicol was removed from the selective supplement and added to the vial growth medium itself. Therefore, both the vial medium and supplement have been reformulated in an alternative version of the method. A probability of detection (POD) statistical model was used to compare Soleris results at multiple test thresholds (dilutions) with plate counts determined using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual dilution plating procedure. Three matrixes were tested; yogurt, tomato juice, and cocoa powder. POD analysis showed that the percentage of positive Soleris tests at various test thresholds were within the limits predicted by the reference method plate counts for all matrixes evaluated. Real-time stability data on three manufactured lots showed that the modified Soleris vial and supplement are stable for at a minimum of 10 months when stored at 2–8°C. In sum, results presented here demonstrate that the modifications to the Soleris DYM vial and supplement do not impact method performance. The modified Soleris DYM method can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional dilution plating procedures for semi-quantitative determination of yeast and mold at threshold levels, while saving as much as 3 days in analysis time.
Determination of Chloride in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Automated Potentiometry: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.08
Authors: Jaudzems Gregory G 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A direct potentiometric method involving titration against a standard volumetric silver nitrate solution using a silver electrode to detect the end point was evaluated for the determination of chloride in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula. It was assessed for compliance against AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirements (SMPR®) established by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals (SPIFAN). A single-laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted as a first step in the process to validate the method. In this SLV, 17 SPIFAN matrixes representing a range of infant formula and adult nutritional products were evaluated for their chloride content. The analytical range was found to be between 1.4 and 1060 mg/100 g reconstituted product or ready-to-feed (RTF) liquid. The LOQ was estimated as 1.4 mg/100 g. Method repeatability was between 0.03 and 1.60% in the range of 20 to 167 mg/100 g RTF, and intermediate precision was between 0.09 and 2.77% in the same range. Recovery values based on spiking experiments at two different levels of chloride ranged from 99.0 to 103% for 15 different SPIFAN products. Evaluation of trueness was performed on National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1849a (Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula) and showed 97.2% of the theoretical value, with no bias at the 95% confidence level. Based on the results of the SLV, the method met the SMPR and was approved as a First Action method by the AOAC Expert Review Panel on Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals on March 17, 2015.
Pain management in a patient with an addiction history
Authors: Sees Karen Lea 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Despite a concerned effort over the past decade to improve education of healthcare providers and the public on the need for aggressive treatment of pain, this condition is still woefully undertreated. Patients who are the most undertreated for both acute and chronic pain, even terminal pain, are those with histories of addictions and those who are viewed as being at high risk for addiction. H physicians approach theirpatients with the belief that they deserve good analgesia, then it is not appropriate to avoid prescribing controlled substances to anyone in pain, including addicted patients. It is not appropriate to deny an addicted patient pain medication simply because of their status of addiction. When these principles are followed, the healthcare professional's task of adequately treating pain becomes easier. Although the approach to pain treatment may be somewhat modified for patients with an addiction history, that history alone should not preclude treating their pain, including using opioid medications when appropriate.
Pain management at the end of life
Authors: Cavalieri Thomas A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Pain at the end of life is often undertreated, yet clearly defined management strategies have demonstrated that pain at the end of life can be prevented. Although many barriers to effective pain management exist, the primary care physician is in a pivotal role to coordinate the management of pain through a multidisciplinary approach. Two types of pain, nociceptive and neuropathic, have been described, and appropriate management requires identifying which type of pain is present. The World Health Organization has proposed the "three-step analgesic ladder" approach to painmanagement whereby nonopioid, opioid, and adjuvant analgesics are used based on the type and intensity of pain. Although opioids are the mainstay of severe pain management, misconceptions exist regarding the significance of drug dependence and addiction. Through appropriate knowledge of opioid dosing intervals and titration, healthcare practitioners can effectively manage severe pain at the end of life; pain should not be used to justify the acceptance of physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia. Through the ethical principle of the " double effect," opioids intended to control pain at the end of life can be administered even if such administration hastens the dying process. Physicians can and should enhance the quality of life of their dying patients by enabling them to avoid pain.
Psychiatric disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ravetz Robert S 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a cortical dementia with an insidious onset and relatively slow progression. In the early stages and throughout most of the disease, memory impairment is the primary problem. Any manifestation of psychiatric symptoms is generally secondary to the amnesia, the paramount symptom of early Alzheimer's disease. The psychiatric symptoms emanate from the memory impairment. Therefore, testing memory is essential. The first stage of Alzheimer's disease commonly is marked by anxiety and depression secondary to memory impairment, and delusions. In the second stage, delusions often become more bizarre. Impairment of visuospatial memory, improper advances, and obscene language begin to replace disinhibited behavior, often to the point of violence directed at others. Increasing agitation requires restraints. In the third and final stage, screaming, banging, and cursing are common features. Verbal and behavioral perseverations are very common. Fecal and urinary incontinence and gait apraxia are other features of the final stage, again with restraints often necessary. In addition to outlining the progression of Alzheimer's disease through these stages, this article summarizes the available pharmacotherapy for the various psychiatric manifestations of the illness prevalent at each stage.
Superb winter fur insulation in the small Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus)
Authors: Blix Arnoldus Schytte , Kvadsheim Petter H. , Kholodova Marina V. , Sokolov Vladimir E. , Messelt Edward B. , Tyler Nicholas J. C. 
Published: October 2015

We compared the morphology and thermal characteristics of winter pelage from two Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferus (aged 5 and 41 mo.; 5.7 and 9.5 kg) and two Eurasian reindeer Rangifer tarandus tarandus (aged >48 mo.; 73 and 79 kg). The depth of the fur over the back of musk deer was less (approximately 30 mm) than in reindeer (approximately 40 mm). Guard hairs of musk deer were longer (mean = 50.0 mm) and had greater diameter at half-length (mean = 314.4 μm) than those of reindeer (mean = 38.6mm and = 243.9 μm, respectively). The thermal characteristics (thermal conductivity and resistance) of the winter pelage of the two species were nevertheless similar (0.057 W·m-1·K-1 and 0.79 K·m2·W-1; and 0.037 W·m-1 ·K-1 and 1.00 K·m2·W-1, respectively) despite a tenfold difference in their body mass.
Person-centered osteopathic practice: patients’ personality (body, mind, and soul) and health (Ill-being and well-being)
Authors: Fahlgren Elin , Nima Ali A. , Archer Trevor , Garcia Danilo 
Published: October 2015

Background.Osteopathic philosophy and practice are congruent with the biopsychosocial model, a patient-centered approach when treating disease, and the view of the person as a unity (i.e., body, mind, and soul). Nevertheless, a unity of being should involve a systematic person-centered understanding of the patient’s personality as a biopsychosociospiritual construct that influences health (i.e., well-being and ill-being). We suggest Cloninger’s personality model, comprising temperament (i.e., body) and character (i.e., mind and soul), as a genuine paradigm for implementation in osteopathic practice. As a first step, we investigated (1) the relationships between personality and health among osteopathic patients, (2) differences in personality between patients and a control group, and (3) differences in health within patients depending on the presenting problem and gender.Method.524 osteopathic patients in Sweden (age mean = 46.17,SD= 12.54, 388 females and 136 males) responded to an online survey comprising the Temperament and Character Inventory and measures of health (well-being: life satisfaction, positive affect, harmony in life, energy, and resilience; ill-being: negative affect, anxiety, depression, stress, and dysfunction and suffering associated to the presenting problem). We conducted two structural equation models to investigate the association personality-health; graphically compared the patients’ personalityT-scoresto those of the control group and compared the mean raw scores usingt-tests; and conducted two multivariate analyses of variance, using age as covariate, to compare patients’ health in relation to their presenting problem and gender.Results.The patients’ personality explained the variance of all of the well-being (R2between .19 and .54) and four of the ill-being (R2between .05 and .43) measures. Importantly, self-transcendence, the spiritual aspect of personality, was associated to high levels of positive emotions and resilience. Osteopathic patients, compared to controls, scored higher in six of the seven personality dimensions. These differences were, however, not considerably large (divergences inT-scoreswere <1SD,Cohen’s dbetween 0.12 and 0.40). Presenting problem and gender did not have an effect on any of the health measures.Conclusion.The patient’s personality as a ternary construct (i.e., body, mind, and soul), which is in line with osteopathy, is associated to both well-being and ill-being. The lack of substantial differences in personality between patients and controls implies that the patients had not any personality disorders. Hence, osteopaths might, with proper education, be able to coach their patients to self-awareness. The lack of differences in health variables between osteopathic patients with different presenting problems suggests that practitioners should focus on the person’s health regardless of the type of presenting problem.
Contributions to a neurophysiology of meaning: the interpretation of written messages could be an automatic stimulus-reaction mechanism before becoming conscious processing of information
Authors: Maffei Roberto , Convertini Livia S. , Quatraro Sabrina , Ressa Stefania , Velasco Annalisa 
Published: October 2015

Background.Even though the interpretation of natural language messages is generally conceived as the result of a conscious processing of the message content, the influence of unconscious factors is also well known. What is still insufficiently known is the way such factors work. We have tackled interpretation assuming it is a process, whose basic features are the same for the whole humankind, and employing a naturalistic approach (careful observation of phenomena in conditions the closest to “natural” ones, and precise description before and independently of data statistical analysis).Methodology.Our field research involved a random sample of 102 adults. We presented them with a complete real world-like case of written communication using unabridged message texts. We collected data (participants’ written reports on their interpretations) in controlled conditions through a specially designed questionnaire (closed and opened answers); then, we treated it through qualitative and quantitative methods.Principal Findings.We gathered some evidence that, in written message interpretation, between reading and the attribution of conscious meaning, an intermediate step could exist (we named it “disassembling”) which looks like an automatic reaction to the text words/expressions. Thus, the process of interpretation would be a discontinuous sequence of three steps having different natures: the initial “decoding” step (i.e., reading, which requires technical abilities), disassembling (the automatic reaction, an unconscious passage) and the final conscious attribution of meaning. If this is true, words and expressions would firstly function like physical stimuli, before being taken into account as symbols. Such hypothesis, once confirmed, could help explaining some links between the cultural (human communication) and the biological (stimulus-reaction mechanisms as the basis for meanings) dimension of humankind.
Two‐dimensional X‐ray diffraction as a tool for the rapid, nondestructive detection of low calcite quantities in aragonitic corals
Authors: Smodej Jörg , Reuning Lars , Wollenberg Uwe , Zinke Jens , Pfeiffer Miriam , Kukla Peter A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPaleoclimate reconstructions based on reef corals require precise detection of diagenetic alteration. Secondary calcite can significantly affect paleotemperature reconstructions at very low amounts of ∼1%. X‐ray powder diffraction is routinely used to detect diagenetic calcite in aragonitic corals. This procedure has its limitations as single powder samples might not represent the entire coral heterogeneity. A conventional and a 2‐D X‐ray diffractometer were calibrated with gravimetric powder standards of high and low magnesium calcite (0.3% to 25% calcite). Calcite contents <1% can be recognized with both diffractometer setups based on the peak area of the calcite [104] reflection. An advantage of 2‐D‐XRD over convenient 1‐D‐XRD methods is the nondestructive and rapid detection of calcite with relatively high spatial resolution directly on coral slabs. The calcite detection performance of the 2‐D‐XRD setup was tested on thin sections from fossil Porites sp. samples that, based on powder XRD measurements, showed <1% calcite. Quantification of calcite contents for these thin sections based on 2‐D‐XRD and digital image analysis showed very similar results. This enables spot measurements with diameters of ∼4 mm, as well as systematic line scans along potential tracks previous to geochemical proxy sampling. In this way, areas affected by diagenetic calcite can be avoided and alternative sampling tracks can be defined. Alternatively, individual sampling positions that show dubious proxy results can later be checked for the presence of calcite. The presented calibration and quantification method can be transferred to any 2‐D X‐ray diffractometer.