bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Warwick Hip Trauma Evaluation Two – an abridged protocol for the WHiTE Two Study
Authors: Griffin X. L. , McArthur J. , Achten J. , Parsons N. , Costa M. L. 
Published: October 2013

Fractures of the proximal femur are one of the greatest challenges facing the medical community, constituting a heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide. Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment for independent patients with displaced intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur. The recognised alternatives are hemiarthroplasty and total hip replacement. At present there is no established standard of care, with both types of arthroplasty being used in many centres. The principal advantages of total hip replacement are a functional benefit over hemiarthroplasty and a reduced risk of revision surgery. The principal criticism is the increased risk of dislocation. We believe that an alternative acetabular component may reduce the risk of dislocation but still provide the functional benefit of total hip replacement in these patients. We therefore propose to investigate the dislocation risk of a dual-mobility acetabular component compared with standard polyethylene component in total hip replacement for independent patients with displaced intracapsular fractures of the proximal femur within the framework of the larger WHiTE (Warwick Hip Trauma Evaluation) Comprehensive Cohort Study. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:210–13.
Influence of Exposure Conditions on the Efficiency of Internal Curing in Concrete
Authors: Golias Michael , Weiss Jason , Bentz Dale 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Internal curing uses pre-wetted fine lightweight aggregate (LWA) to supply cementitious systems with water. This increases the hydration of cement and reduces the influence of self-desiccation resulting in concrete with increased compressive strength, reduced permeability, and reduced shrinkage potential. Whereas these mixtures have shown great potential, there has been considerable debate on how internally cured samples should be conditioned during laboratory testing. This paper explores the influence of sample storage on the properties of mixtures prepared with and without internal curing. Samples were prepared and cured in different exposure conditions including environments in which: (1) moisture is supplied either via soaking or misting, (2) moisture is neutral, and (3) moisture loss is allowed. Experimental results show that when adequate external curing water is supplied, only limited benefits are seen from internal curing. The benefits of internal curing are more evident in systems that do not receive additional external curing water (sealed) and even more so when systems are exposed to external drying. Conditions where inadequate external curing water is supplied may be more representative of what would be experienced in the field.
IRI Estimation Using Probabilistic Analysis of Acoustic Measurements
Authors: Zhao Yubo , McDaniel J. Gregory , Wang Ming L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The United States is facing a challenge on repairing aging civil infrastructures because of limited resources allocation. The international roughness index (IRI) is a key quantity of road inspection data to aid officials in prioritizing road maintenance decisions, which allows them to be efficient with their resources. IRI measures both the road roughness and riders’ comfort level. This paper introduces a probabilistic method that analyzes probability density function (PDF) of acoustic data collected from a vehicle-mounted microphone to estimate IRI. An analysis of noise source is conducted to support the accuracy of the approach. Compared to existing approaches, the present method is more economical, easier to install, and requires less space. Curves of probability density function (PDF), which show the probability of each sound pressure occurring over a stretch of road, are used to estimate IRI based on the principle that a probability distribution concentrates at low sound pressures over smooth roads and at high sound pressures over rough roads. This method is validated using data collected by a test vehicle that was driven around an engineered test track. Primary conclusions are: (1) the Weibull distribution performs better than normal and lognormal distributions; (2) the optimal Weibull distribution parameter is identified; and (3) the method performs well when applied to different pavement designs, namely, Superpave, Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA), and Open Grade Friction Coarse (OGFC).
Scope of Western Surgical Techniques to Correct Cleft Lip and Palate Prior to the 18th Century
Authors: Romero Martín , Saez José Miguel 
Published: October 2013

Objectives To present the state of knowledge and surgical practice concerning cleft lip and palate leading to the modern era. Design Bibliographical review. Setting Analysis of the scientific medical, surgical, and odontological literature from the 16th to 18th centuries. Results Texts and art confirm the existence of cleft lip and palate from antiquity in all cultures; however, the first certain references in Western scientific literature did not appear until the works of Celsus (ca. 25 BC to AD 50) and Galen (AD 129 to 200). Indications for cleft lip surgery appear in the Middle Ages with Albucasis (936 to 1013) and Yperman (1260 to 1332). From the Renaissance period onward, and with the invention of the printing press, numerous authors described their own surgical methods. Conclusions Given the limitations imposed by pain and infection, the authors of the Modern Age focus on correcting the functional and esthetic defect of the lip with techniques that do not differ greatly from those described in the Middle Ages. The treatment for cleft palate was limited to the creation of “obturators” and surgery for cleft palate was not possible until the 19th century.
Newly developed TiO2-2-HABT functional material for water treatment
Authors: Rahangdale Pralhad K. 
Published: October 2013

In the present investigation, initially, 2-hydroxyacetophenone–biuret–trioxane (2-HABT) terpolymer was successfully synthesized, purified and characterized in the laboratory. Then, titanium oxide photocatalyst was anchored on 2-HABT terpolymer using molecular adsorption–deposition method. The titanium oxide particles, deposited on the 2-HABT terpolymeric molecules, formed a coating of about 100 nm in thickness. This newly modified functional photocatalytic material was characterized by means of infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron studies. An anatase-type titanium oxide was uniquely developed. This new TiO2-2-HABT photocatalyst exhibited an excellent photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of quite concentrated dyes. The dye molecules in bulk solution was supposed to be condensed around titanium oxide particles because of the adsorption phenomenon on 2-HABT polymer molecules, and, therefore, the photocatalytic process was enhanced due to the combined effect of adsorption by 2-HABT terpolymer macromolecules and photocatalytic activity on anatase-type titanium oxide. It was observed that the decolorization of contaminated water occurred within a short-time interval. Thus, it can be concluded that the functional photocatalytic material, reported in article, can be successfully used for water and wastewater treatments.
Short Leg Length, a Marker of Early Childhood Deprivation, Is Associated With Metabolic Disorders Underlying Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Johnston Luke W. , Harris Stewart B. , Retnakaran Ravi , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Zinman Bernard , Hamilton Jill , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Short leg length, a marker of early childhood deprivation, has been used in studies of the association of early life conditions with adult chronic disease risk. The objective of this study was to determine the cross-sectional associations of leg length with measures of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Subjects (n = 462) at risk for type 2 diabetes were recruited into the PROspective Metabolism and ISlet cell Evaluation (PROMISE) longitudinal cohort. Leg length was calculated from sitting and standing height at the 3-year clinical examination. Glucose tolerance status was determined using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), while the insulinogenic index over HOMA-IR (IGI/IR) and the insulin secretion sensitivity index 2 (ISSI-2) determined β-cell function. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for covariates including age, sex, ethnicity, family history of diabetes, waist, and weight.

RESULTS
Leg length and leg-to-height ratio were significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = −0.037, β = −10.49, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001), ISI (β = 0.035, β = 8.83, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001), IGI/IR (β = 0.021, P &lt; 0.05; β = 7.60, P &lt; 0.01, respectively), and ISSI-2 (β = 0.01, P &lt; 0.03; β = 3.34, P &lt; 0.01, respectively) after adjustment for covariates. The association of shorter leg length with lower insulin sensitivity was most evident for those with high waist circumferences.

CONCLUSIONS
Shorter legs were independently associated with lower insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, suggesting that early childhood deprivation may increase the risk of developing diabetes.
Association Between Hyperglycemia at Admission During Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Subsequent Diabetes: Insights From the Veterans Administration Cardiac Care Follow-up Clinical Study
Authors: Shore Supriya , Borgerding Joleen A. , Gylys-Colwell Ina , McDermott Kelly , Ho P. Michael , Tillquist Maggie N. , Lowy Elliott , McGuire Darren K. , Stolker Joshua M. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Kosiborod Mikhail , Maddox Thomas M. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without known diabetes, hyperglycemia at admission is common and associated with worse outcomes. It may represent developing diabetes, but this association is unclear. Therefore, we examined the association between hyperglycemia (≥140 mg/dL) at admission and evidence of diabetes among patients with AMI without known diabetes within 6 months of their hospitalization.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied a national cohort of consecutive patients with AMI without known diabetes presenting at 127 Veterans Affairs hospitals between October 2005 and March 2011. Evidence of diabetes either at discharge or in the following 6 months was ascertained using diagnostic codes, medication prescriptions, and/or elevated hemoglobin A1c. Association between hyperglycemia at admission and evidence of diabetes was evaluated using regression modeling.

RESULTS
Among 10,499 patients with AMI without known diabetes, 98% were men and 1,761 (16.8%) had hyperglycemia at admission. Within 6 months following their index hospitalization, 208 patients (11.8%) with hyperglycemia at admission had evidence of diabetes compared with 443 patients (5.1%) without hyperglycemia at admission (P &lt; 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, hyperglycemia at admission was significantly associated with subsequent diabetes odds ratio 2.56 (95% CI 2.15–3.06). Among those with new evidence of diabetes, 41% patients (267 of 651) had a hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% without accompanying diagnostic codes or medication prescriptions, suggesting they had unrecognized diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Hyperglycemia at admission occurred in one of six patients with AMI without known diabetes and was significantly associated with new evidence of diabetes in the 6 months following hospitalization. In addition, two of five patients with evidence of diabetes were potentially unrecognized. Accordingly, diabetes-screening programs for hyperglycemic patients with AMI may be an important component of optimal care.
Microstructural Brain Tissue Damage in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sala Michiel , de Roos Albert , van den Berg Annette , Altmann-Schneider Irmhild , Slagboom P. Eline , Westendorp Rudi G. , van Buchem Mark A. , de Craen Anton J.M. , van der Grond Jeroen 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the association between metabolic syndrome risk factors and brain tissue integrity, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
From the Leiden Longevity Study, which is a community-based study of long-lived subjects, their offspring, and partners thereof, 130 subjects (61 men; mean age 66 years) were included. A metabolic syndrome score was computed by summing the individual number of components according to the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. We performed linear and logistic regression analysis and used standardized β-values to assess the association between metabolic syndrome and brain macrostructure (brain volume and white matter lesion load, lacunar infarcts, and cerebral microbleeds) and microstructure (mean magnetization transfer ratio [MTR], MTR histogram peak height, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity [MD]). Linear and stepwise regression analysis was performed to identify the individual contribution of one metabolic syndrome parameter adjusting for the four other parameters. Models were adjusted for age, sex, and relation to long-lived family.

RESULTS
Brain macrostructure was not associated with metabolic syndrome. In contrast, metabolic syndrome was associated with decreased gray (β = −0.3 P = 0.001) and white matter peak height (β = −0.3, P = 0.002) and increased gray matter MD (β = 0.2, P = 0.01, P = 0.01). Serum HDL cholesterol (β = 0.22, P = 0.012), triglycerides (β =−0.25, P = 0.002), BMI (β =−0.2, P = 0.014), and diastolic blood pressure (β = −0.17, P = 0.047, and β = −0.23, P = 0.009, for gray and white matter, respectively) were independent factors in these changes in brain microstructure.

CONCLUSIONS
In early manifest metabolic syndrome, brain tissue decline can be detected. Serum HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and diastolic blood pressure were independent factors in brain tissue integrity.
Geography studies in Poland after 1989 — selected issues
Authors: Tracz Mariola , Hibszer Adam 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Changes in the position of geography as a field of education are examined in the context of the socio-political transition in Poland after 1989 and in relation to the changes in higher education. The influences of changes in higher education on the number of geography students in the years 1990–2009, the regional differentiation of interest in geography studies, and developments in staff and the organization of schools with geography programmes are analysed. In the years 1989/90–2008/09 the number of higher education schools offering geography programmes increased by one third. The range of programmes offered was widened with new specialisations
Effect of Antituberculosis Treatment on Serum Zinc Level in Tuberculosis
Authors: Bhandari S , Neupane Y , Badade ZG , Potdar P 
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis is a major public health problem worldwide. One third population of world is infected with M. tuberculosis. Zinc is micro-mineral essential for human growth, development and immune function. Deficiency of this micronutrient impairs overall immune function and resistance to infection. Present study was conducted to evaluate the level of serum zinc in patients with tuberculosis at various period of treatment. METHODS: Total 92 subjects included were evaluated from OPD, IPD and DOTS centre of MGM group of Hospitals, Navi Mumbai, India. Among them there were 50 patients with Tuberculosis and 42 normal healthy controls. In all the subject estimation of Zinc was carried out. Out of 50 tuberculosis patients, 31 patients were assessed for zinc after two months and six months (i.e. completion) of DOTS therapy. The assessment was done according to the cut off values of serum zinc i.e. 60- 120 µgm/dl. RESULTS: Serum zinc levels were significantly low (p<0.001) in study group as compared to the healthy control. Serum zinc concentration of the patients increased gradually after anti-tuberculous therapy and reached normal levels after completion of therapy. CONCLUSION: In the present study serum zinc levels of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was found low as compared to healthy control subjects. Supplement of zinc during the treatment can be important for the betterment of the treatment of this disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8751 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 15-17
The Application of Cope Inventory in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Thapa DK , Shyangwa PM , Shakya R , Sapkota N 
Published: September 2013

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological Catchment Area study has recognized obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as the fourth commonest psychiatric condition and OCD is ranked 20th in the Global Burden of Disease Studies. Although there are extensive researches on the pathways to professional care, much less is known about other actions that people take to cope with symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To assess the coping mechanisms in subjects with OCD by application of COPE Inventory (developed by Carver C S, Scheider M F and Jagdish Kumari Weintrau- 1989) METHODS: It was a descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional, hospital based study of one year duration. All 30 consecutive cases meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The coping mechanisms used by those subjects with OCD were assessed by application of COPE Inventory. RESULTS: The age of the patients ranged from 14- 45 years with the mean of 29.5 ± 8.87 years. Of the 30 subjects, 17 (56.7%) were male and 13 (43.3%) were females and greater number of the subjects were married i.e. 17 (56.7%) and 13 (43.3%) were single. Based on COPE Inventory, the five most common coping strategies adopted by OCD subjects were; Active coping, Planning, Suppression of competing activities, Focus on and venting of emotions and Positive reinterpretation and growth. The least used were humor and substance use. CONCLUSION: Determining the type of coping used by the subjects and encouraging the use of problem- solving coping style may lead to a better outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8760 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 22-27
A Clinical Trial of Melatonin in Elderly Patients with Insomnia
Authors: Doshi NR , Das CR , Sah D 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND: The quality of life in the fast ageing population in the twentieth century is of great importance. Insomnia and melatonin levels in the geriatric population greatly affect sleep quality thereby also affecting blood pressure, mood changes and immune functions in this large segment of population. AIM: To study the effect of melatonin in elderly persons with insomnia whether it restores sleep quality and sleep duration. METHODS: Insomnia is defined as inadequate sleep. Thirty subjects participated in the study, 20 females and 10 males. The study was conducted on subjects attending the OPD at the Nepalgunj Medical College & Teaching Hospital at Kohalpur between December 2008 and March 2010. Age group of the subjects ranged from 36 years to 80 years. All subjects were administered melatonin 3 mgm tablets before going to bed for 10-20 days. All data obtained were subjective relying on patient's recall and compliance. RESULTS: In 26 patients the quality of sleep was good and they felt relaxed and cheerful. In 15 patients melatonin was combined with alprazolam 0.25 mgm. Adverse effects were reported by a few subjects (like tachycardia, headache & depression). One case reported hypothermia. CONCLUSION: Melatonin has a beneficial effect in elderly subjects with insomnia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8764 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 42-45
A Comparative Study on Effect of Oral Administration of Turmeric and Nutmeg on Memory Boosting and Regaining in Wistar Albino Rats
Authors: Kumar SS , Jissa G , Setty PV , Mukkadan JK 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although a few drugs are available today for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and many plants and their extracts are extensively employed in animal studies and AD patients, yet no substantial drug or plant extract is able to reverse the AD symptoms adequately. It is tangible that there has been augmenting need for such therapeutic intervention. The present study was undertaken with an objective to compare the memory boosting and regaining effects of oral administration of nutmeg and turmeric which are used commonly as spice in various dishes, as components of teas and soft drinks. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 24 male and female wistar albino rats were used for this study. They were randomly assigned into three groups with 8 rats in each group. The influence of oral intake of nutmeg and turmeric extract on behavioral task performance was studied by using T-maze and radial arm maze and physiological measures relative to a milk control group was investigated. RESULTS: We have observed significant memory boosting and memory regaining effects of nutmeg when administered orally when compared with control group..However, nutmeg is having strong memory regaining effect than turmeric. CONCLUSION: We conclude that nutmeg is having strong memory regaining effect than turmeric. However further pharmacological and biochemical investigations will clearly elucidate the mechanism of action and helpful in projecting these plant extracts as a therapeutic target in diabetes research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8765 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 46-52
Meckel's Diverticulum Series at UCMS, Bhairahawa, Nepal
Authors: Joshi P 
Published: September 2013

Meckel's Diverticulum is the most common congenital malformation of the Gastrointestinal tract. It represent the patent intestinal end of the vitellointestinal duct. It occurs in 2 % of of population in autospy series and usually lie 60 cm from the Ileocaecal junction. It possesses all the three coats of intestinal wall. It has the same microscopic structure as the adjacent small bowel and it has a separate blood supply from the adjacent small bowel mesentery (the omphalomesenteric artery).1 In 20% of the cases, the mucosa contains heterotopic epithelium, namely gastric, colonic and sometimes pancreatic tissue. Although Meckel's diverticulum occurs with equal frequency in both sexes, symptoms usually resulting from the epithelium contained in the diverticulum predominantly occur in males.2Complications develop in only 4% of patients with this malformation, with most cases presenting in childhood3. Complications of Meckel's diverticulum include hemorrhage, bowel obstruction, inflammation, and perforation. All of these complications can be challenging to diagnose because patients may present with non-specific symptoms, which produce a clinical picture that can mimic other more common gastrointestinal disorders.4 Most of the cases are diagnosed intraoperatively. Here, we present a case series of 5 patients in a year 2012 at Universal College of Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Bhairahawa, Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v1i3.8767 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.1(3) 2013: 56-57