bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trans European Union difference in the decline intransfatty acids in popular foods: a market basket investigation
Authors: Stender Steen , Astrup Arne , Dyerberg Jørn 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo minimise the intake of industrialtransfatty acids (I-TFA) some countries have introduced labelling, while others have introduced legislative limits on the content of I-TFA in food. However, most countries still rely on food producers to voluntarily reduce the I-TFA content in food. The objective of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of these strategies in the EU.DesignThe potential consumption of I-TFA was assessed in a market basket investigation by analysing the I-TFA content in popular foods.SettingA standardised purchase methodology was used in 16 EU countries in 2005 and again in 2009.SamplesSeventy servings of French fries and chicken nuggets, 90 packages of microwave popcorn, and 442 samples of biscuits/cakes/wafers with ‘partially hydrogenated vegetable fat’ listed high on the list of ingredients were analysed. A high-transmenu was defined as a large serving of French fries and nuggets, 100 g of microwave popcorn and 100 g of biscuits/wafers/cakes.ResultsIn 2005, a high-transmenu provided above 30 g of I-TFA in five EU countries in Eastern Europe and 20–30 g in eight EU countries in Western Europe. In 2009 the values in Hungary, Poland and the Czech Republic remained high between 10 and 20 g, whereas they were less than 2 g in Germany, France and the UK.ConclusionsIn 2009 contents of I-TFA in popular foods in Western Europe appear low but, in spite of some reduction, still high in Eastern European EU countries. These findings suggest that millions of people in the EU still consume I-TFA in amounts that substantially increase their risk of coronary heart disease.
Risk of repeat visits, hospitalisation and death after uncompleted and completed visits to the emergency department: a prospective observation study
Authors: Geirsson Oli Pall , Gunnarsdottir Oddny Sigurborg , Baldursson Jon , Hrafnkelsson Birgir , Rafnsson Vilhjalmur 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThe needs of patients with uncompleted visits to the emergency department (ED) are uncertain. The aim was to evaluate ED patients who leave against medical advice (AMA) and who leave without being seen (WBS) regarding repeat ED visits, hospitalisation and mortality within 30 days.MethodsThe National University Hospital operates the only ED for adults in the capital area of Reykjavik. The source of data was the electronic records for patients 18 years or older, who left AMA, who left WBS, who had the ICD-10 code Z53.2, or who completed their visits. ED visits, hospital admissions and the death registry are filed with the personal identification number, which enabled recognition of the index visit, and the outcomes, rates of return visits, hospitalisation and death.ResultsOf 107 119 patients, 77 left AMA, 4471 left WBS and 423 had code Z53.2. The HR for returning to the ED within 30 days was 4.79 for AMA patients, 4.84 for WBS patients and 3.67 for Z53.2 patients. The HR for hospitalisation within 30 days was 6.90 for AMA patients, 1.09 for WBS patients and 1.07 for Z53.2 patients. The HR for death within 30 days was 10.97 for AMA patients, 0.84 for WBS and no deaths occurred among Z53.2 patients.DiscussionDuring 30 days follow-up, AMA and WBS patients had an increased rate of repeat ED visits compared with those patients who completed their ED visits. AMA patients also had an increased rate of hospitalisations.
Neuropilin-1–Dependent Regulation of EGF-Receptor Signaling
Authors: Rizzolio Sabrina , Rabinowicz Noa , Rainero Elena , Lanzetti Letizia , Serini Guido , Norman Jim , Neufeld Gera , Tamagnone Luca 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a coreceptor for multiple extracellular ligands. NRP1 is widely expressed in cancer cells and in advanced human tumors; however, its functional relevance and signaling mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that NRP1 expression controls viability and proliferation of different cancer cells, independent of its short intracellular tail. We found that the extracellular domain of NRP1 interacts with the EGF receptor (EGFR) and promotes its signaling cascade elicited upon EGF or TGF-α stimulation. Upon NRP1 silencing, the ability of ligand-bound EGFR to cluster on the cell surface, internalize, and activate the downstream AKT pathway is severely impaired. EGFR is frequently activated in human tumors due to overexpression, mutation, or sustained autocrine/paracrine stimulation. Here we show that NRP1-blocking antibodies and NRP1 silencing can counteract ligand-induced EGFR activation in cancer cells. Thus our findings unveil a novel molecular mechanism by which NRP1 can control EGFR signaling and tumor growth. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5801–11. ©2012 AACR.
The FGFR4-G388R Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Alters Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Progression and Response to mTOR Inhibition Therapy
Authors: Serra Stefano , Zheng Lei , Hassan Manal , Phan Alexandria T. , Woodhouse Linda J. , Yao James C. , Ezzat Shereen , Asa Sylvia L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET), also known as islet cell tumors, exhibit a wide range of biologic behaviors ranging from long dormancy to rapid progression. Currently, there are few molecular biomarkers that can be used to predict recurrence/metastasis or response to therapy. This study examined the predictive and prognostic value of a single nucleotide polymorphism substituting an arginine (R) for glycine (G) in codon 388 of the FGFR4 transmembrane domain. We established the FGFR4 genotype of 71 patients with pNETs and correlated genotype with biologic behavior. We created an in vivo model of pNET with BON1 cells and transfected them with either FGFR4-G388 or FGFR4-R388 to determine the mechanism of action and to examine response to the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. We then validated the predictive results of experimental studies in a group of patients treated with everolimus. FGFR4-R388 is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior in patients with pNETs with a statistically significant higher risk of advanced tumor stage and liver metastasis. Using an orthotopic mouse xenograft model, we show that FGFR4-R388 promotes tumor progression by increasing intraperitoneal spread and metastatic growth within the liver. Unlike FGFR4-G388, FGFR4-R388 BON1 tumors exhibited diminished responsiveness to everolimus. Concordantly, there was a statistically significant reduction in response to everolimus in patients with FGFR4-R388. Our findings highlight the importance of the FGFR4 allele in pNET progression and identify a predictive marker of potential therapeutic importance in this disease. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5683–91. ©2012 AACR.
Gliomagenesis Arising from Pten- and Ink4a/Arf-Deficient Neural Progenitor Cells Is Mediated by the p53-Fbxw7/Cdc4 Pathway, Which Controls c-Myc
Authors: Kim Hong Sug , Woolard Kevin , Lai Chen , Bauer Peter O. , Maric Dragan , Song Hua , Li Aiguo , Kotliarova Svetlana , Zhang Wei , Fine Howard A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor and may arise from a cell with neural stem-like properties. Deregulation of the retinoblastoma, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), and p53 pathways are molecular hallmarks of this disease. Recent work has shown that p53−/−Pten−/− mice form gliomas in a c-Myc–dependent manner. To explore the role of the INK4A/ARF locus and Pten deletions in gliomagenesis, we generated Pten−/−Ink4a/Arf−/− mouse neural stem cells (mNSC) and such cells were highly proliferative, self-renewing, relatively refractory to differentiation, and induced both low- and high-grade glioma formation in vivo. In contrast to p53−/−Pten−/− mNSCs, however, Pten−/−Ink4a/Arf−/− mNSCs do not express appreciable levels of c-Myc in vitro, although glioma stem cells derived from thesecells did. Sequencing of Pten−/−Ink4a/Arf−/− mNSC–derived tumors revealed spontaneous mutations in Tp53 in vivo with subsequent downregulation of Fbxw7. Expression of p53 mutants in Pten−/−Ink4a/Arf−/− mNSC or knockdown of Fbxw7 resulted in reexpression of c-Myc with enhanced Pten−/−Ink4a/Arf−/− mNSC tumorigenecity. We propose that p53 mutations contribute to gliomagenesis by both allowing the overexpression of c-Myc through downregulation of Fbxw7 and by protecting against c-Myc–induced apoptosis. Cancer Res; 72(22); 6065–75. ©2012 AACR.
Comparison of Velocity Vector Imaging Echocardiography With Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Mouse Models of Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Azam Salman , Desjardins Candida L. , Schluchter Mark , Liner Anna , Stelzer Julian E. , Yu Xin , Hoit Brian D. 
Published: September 2012

Background—
Myocardial strain imaging using echocardiography can be a cost-effective method to quantify ventricular wall motion objectively, but few studies have compared strain measured with echocardiography against magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in small animals.

Methods and Results—

We compared circumferential strain (CS) and radial strain (RS) measured with echocardiography (velocity vector imaging [VVI]) to displacement encoding with stimulated-echo MRI in 2 mouse models of cardiomyopathy. In 3-month-old mice with gene targeted deficiency of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C (cMyBP-C
−/−
, n=6) or muscle LIM protein (MLP
−/−
, n=6), and wild-type mice (n=8), myocardial strains were measured at 3 cross-sectional levels and averaged to obtain global strains. There was modest correlation between VVI and MRI measured strains, with global CS yielding stronger correlation compared with global RS (CS R
2
=0.4452 versus RS R
2
=0.2794, both
P
<0.05). Overall, strain measured by VVI was more variable than MRI (
P
<0.05) and the limits of agreement were slightly, but not significantly (
P
=0.14), closer for global CS than RS. Both VVI and MRI strain measurements showed significantly lower global CS strain in the knockout groups compared with the wild type. The VVI (but not MRI) CS strain measurements were different between the 2 knockout groups (−14.5±3.8% versus −6.6±4.0%, cMyBP-C
−/−
versus MLP
−/−
respectively,
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—
Measurements of left ventricular CS and RS are feasible in small animals using 2-dimensional echocardiography. VVI and MRI strain measurements correlated modestly and the agreement between the modalities tended to be greater for CS than RS. Although VVI and MRI strains were able to differentiate between wild-type and knockout mice, only global CS VVI differentiated between the 2 models of cardiomyopathy.
Monash Transient Ischemic Attack Triaging Treatment
Authors: Sanders Lauren M. , Srikanth Velandai K. , Jolley Damien J. , Sundararajan Vijaya , Psihogios Helen , Wong Kitty , Ramsay David , Phan Thanh G. 
Published: September 2012

Background and Purpose—
Controversy surrounds the need for routine hospital admission for transient ischemic attack. The Monash Transient Ischemic Attack Triaging Treatment (M3T) model adopts rapid management in the emergency department followed by outpatient management prioritized by stroke mechanism. We compared safety and processes of care between M3T and the previous model of routine admission.

Methods—
Study cohorts consisted of patients managed with M3T (2004–2007) and the previous model (2003–2004). We determined 90-day stroke outcome using clinical and medical record review and data linkage to the population level state-wide hospital discharge morbidity database. We compared models of care using risk difference analysis, followed by logistic regression to adjust for previous indicators of risk. Secondary outcomes were proportions admitted, proportions undergoing carotid ultrasound, times to ultrasound and revascularization, and medication prescription.

Results—

In M3T (mean age, 64.7±14.7) 85/488 (17.4%) patients were admitted compared with 117/169 (62.9%) in the previous model (mean age, 72.5±13.9). With near-complete follow-up, 90-day stroke outcome was 1.50% (95% confidence interval, 0.73%–3.05%) in M3T and 4.67% (95% confidence interval, 2.28%–9.32%) in the previous model (
P
=0.03). Compared with the previous model, the adjusted odds ratio of stroke for M3T was 0.46 (95% confidence interval, 0.12–1.68;
P
=0.24). M3T was associated with greater proportions undergoing carotid ultrasound (
P
<0.001) and receiving antiplatelet therapy (
P
=0.005).

Conclusions—
The M3T system was associated with low 90-day stroke outcome in transient ischemic attack patients, providing proof of concept that these patients may be managed safely without routine hospital admission using a closely supervised protocol in the emergency department.
CT Interpretation in a Telestroke Network
Authors: Demaerschalk Bart M. , Bobrow Bentley J. , Raman Rema , Ernstrom Karin , Hoxworth Joseph M. , Patel Ameet C. , Kiernan Terri-Ellen J. , Aguilar Maria I. , Ingall Timothy J. , Dodick David W. , Meyer Brett C. ,   for the Stroke Team Remote Evaluation Using a Digital Observation Camera (STRokE DOC) in Arizona—The Initial Mayo Clinic Experience (AZ TIME) Investigators
Published: September 2012

Background and Purpose—
The American Stroke Association guidelines emphasized the need for further high-quality studies that assess agreement by radiologists and nonradiologists engaged in emergency telestroke assessments and decision-making. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the level of agreement of baseline brain CT scan interpretations of patients with acute stroke presenting to telestroke spoke hospitals between central reading committee neuroradiologists and each of 2 groups, spoke hospital radiologists and hub hospital vascular neurologists (telestrokologists).

Methods—
The Stroke Team Remote Evaluation Using a Digital Observation Camera Arizona trial was a prospective, urban single-hub, rural 2-spoke, randomized, blinded, controlled trial of a 2-way, site-independent, audiovisual telemedicine and teleradiology system designed for remote evaluation of adult patients with acute stroke versus telephone consultation to assess eligibility for treatment with intravenous thrombolysis. In the telemedicine arm, the subjects’ CT scans were interpreted by the hub telestrokologist and in the telephone arm by the spoke radiologist. All subjects’ CT scans were subsequently interpreted centrally, independently, and blindly by 2 hub neuroradiologists. The primary CT outcome was determination of a CT-based contraindication to thrombolytic treatment. Kappa statistics and exact agreement rates were used to analyze interobserver agreement.

Results—
Fifty-four subjects underwent random assignment. The overall agreement for the presence of radiological contraindications to thrombolysis was excellent (0.91) and did not differ substantially between the hub telestrokologist to neuroradiologist and spoke radiologist to neuroradiologist (0.92 and 0.89, respectively).

Conclusions—
In the context of a telestroke network designed to assess patients with acute stroke syndromes, agreement over the presence or absence of radiological contraindications to thrombolysis was excellent whether the comparisons were between a telestrokologist and neuroradiologist or between spoke radiologist and neuroradiologist.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00623350.
Stratospheric Variability in Twentieth-Century CMIP5 Simulations of the Met Office Climate Model: High Top versus Low Top
Authors: Osprey Scott M. , Gray Lesley J. , Hardiman Steven C. , Butchart Neal , Hinton Tim J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
An examination is made of stratospheric climate, circulation, and variability in configurations of the Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model version 2 (HadGEM2) differing only in stratospheric resolution and the placement of the model lid. This is made in the context of historical reconstructions of twentieth-century climate. A reduction in the westerly bias in the Northern Hemisphere polar night jet is found in the high-top model. The authors also find significant differences in the expression of tropical stratospheric variability, finding improvements in the high-top model for the presence of the quasi-biennial oscillation, for tropical upwelling consistent with interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data, and for interannual changes in stratospheric water vapor concentration comparable to satellite observations. Further differences are seen at high latitudes during winter in the frequency of occurrence of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). The occurrence rate of SSWs in the high-top simulations, (7.2 ± 0.5) decade−1, is statistically consistent with observations, (6.0 ± 1.0) decade−1, whereas they are one-third as frequent in the low-top simulations, (2.5 ± 0.5) decade−1. Furthermore, the structure of the timing of winter final warmings is only captured in the high-top model. A similar characterization for the time evolution of the width of the tropical upper troposphere is found between model configurations. It is concluded that an adequate representation of the stratosphere is required to capture the important modes of tropical and extratropical stratospheric variability in models.
Sensitivity of Lake-Effect Snowfall to Lake Ice Cover and Temperature in the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Wright David M. , Posselt Derek J. , Steiner Allison L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
High-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) simulations are used to explore the sensitivity of Great Lakes lake-effect snowfall (LES) to changes in lake ice cover and surface temperature. A control simulation with observed ice cover is compared with three sensitivity tests: complete ice cover, no lake ice, and warmer lake surface temperatures. The spatial pattern of unfrozen lake surfaces determines the placement of LES, and complete ice cover eliminates it. Removal of ice cover and an increase in lake temperatures result in an expansion of the LES area both along and downwind of the lake shore, as well as an increase in snowfall amount. While lake temperatures and phase determine the amount and spatial coverage of LES, the finescale distribution of LES is strongly affected by the interaction between lake surface fluxes, the large-scale flow, and the local lake shore geography and inland topography. As a consequence, the sensitivity of LES to topography and shore geometry differs for lakes with short versus long overwater fetch. These simulations indicate that coarse-resolution models may be able to realistically reproduce the gross features of LES in future climates, but will miss the important local-scale interactions that determine the location and intensity of LES.
The Antimicrobial Peptide, LL-37, Inhibits in vitro Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Supanchart C. , Thawanaphong S. , Makeudom A. , Bolscher J.G. , Nazmi K. , Kornak U. , Krisanaprakornkit S. 
Published: September 2012

Uncoupled bone resorption leads to net alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. The deficiency of LL-37, the only human antimicrobial peptide in the cathelicidin family, in patients with aggressive periodontitis suggests that LL-37 may play a pivotal role in the inhibition of alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis. We aimed to investigate a novel function of LL-37 in osteoimmunity by blocking osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Human osteoclast progenitor cells were isolated from a buffy coat of blood samples. The cells were cultured in the presence of various concentrations of LL-37 during an in vitro induction of osteoclastogenesis. Non-toxic doses of LL-37 could block multinuclear formation of the progenitor cells and significantly diminish the number of tartrate-resistant acid-phosphatase-positive cells and the formation of resorption pits (p < 0.05), whereas these concentrations induced cellular proliferation, as demonstrated by increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Expression of several osteoclast genes was down-regulated by LL-37 treatment. It was demonstrated that nuclear translocation of nuclear-factor-activated T-cells 2 (NFAT2) was blocked by LL-37 treatment, consistent with a significant reduction in the calcineurin activity (p < 0.005). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that LL-37 inhibits the in vitro osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the calcineurin activity, thus preventing nuclear translocation of NFAT2. Abbreviations: CALCR, calcitonin receptor; ClC-7, chloride-proton exchanger; CTSK, cathepsin K; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; EGTA, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; M-CSF/CSF1, macrophage-colony- stimulating factor; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; MTT, [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide]; NFAT2, nuclear factor of activated T-cells 2; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; RANK, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; RT-PCR, reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction; TBS, Tris-buffered saline; TCIRG1, T-cell, immune regulator 1, ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A3; TRAcP, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase.
Behavioral and emotional symptoms and primary headaches in children: A population-based study
Authors: Arruda Marco A , Bigal Marcelo E 
Published: September 2012

Objective: To investigate behavioral and emotional symptoms in a community-based sample of children as a function of headache status and of headache frequency. Methods: Our sample consisted of 1,856 children (5–11 years). Primary headaches were assessed using a validated headache questionnaire. Emotional symptoms were assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). CBCL scores were modeled as a function of headache status after adjustments for demographics and headache frequency. Results: Relative to controls, children with migraine were significantly more likely to have abnormalities in the following CBCL domains: somatic, anxiety-depressive, social, attention, internalizing and total score. Children with tension-type headache (TTH) were significantly different from controls in the same domains but at a lower rate than migraine. In children with migraine, impairments significantly varied as a function of headache frequency, race, and income. In children with TTH, gender, age, and headache frequency were significantly associated with abnormal scores. Conclusions: Migraine and TTH are significantly associated with behavioral symptoms in several domains, and headache frequency affects the association. Internalizing symptoms are common in children with headaches, while externalizing symptoms (e.g. rule-breaking and aggressivity) are not significantly more common than in controls.