bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEASURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF A COMMUNITY SAFETY PROMOTION NETWORK: WORKING FROM THE INSIDE OUT
Authors: Hanson D , McFarlane K , Vardon P , Lloyd J , Speare R , Durrheim D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWhile project sustainability is a mandatory piece of politically correct rhetoric, it is less often achieved. Mackay Whitsunday Safe Communities (MWSC) was developed using a capacity building model that consciously attempted to design sustainability into the network.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis study sought to analyse the sustainability of MWSC by tracking the exchange of resources using Social Network Analysis (SNA).MethodA snowballing methodology was used to identify the MWSC and its external support network (ESN). Respondents were asked to identify the type and amount of resources they shared with other network partners.Results/OutcomeThe study identified 168 members of the MWSC and its ESN. Thirty-five per cent of relationships did not share any resources; 47% shared in-kind resources, 54% shared human resources and 15% shared financial resources. In 2004 MWSC accessed an estimated 6.5 full time staff equivalents and $0.9 million Australian dollars. However, these resources were largely accessed through, and controlled by, the ESN. MWSC was rich in social resources, but considerable in-kind, human and financial resources were accessed through its ESN. The bridging relationships that connected MWSC to its ESN, more than half of which were maintained by six broker network facilitators, were the critical social asset required to access resources and thereby sustain network productivity.Significance/Contribution to FieldMWSC is an open network. Open social networks can never be totally self-sufficient. The ongoing productivity of a social network is dependant on its capacity to develop and maintain productive links with external partners.
WHAT DO WE NEED FOR INJURY PREVENTION AND SAFETY PROMOTION AS EVIDENCE?
Authors: Park N 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAs increasing injury problems and getting more social attentions, Injury prevention has included as one of major focusing areas in National Health Promotion Plan 2020 in Korea from 2011. But it has many limitations on formulating scientific and putting evidence to practical use in Korean context.ObjectivesThe purpose of this research is to identify the consensus on evidence for our context firstly and discuss how to develop and utilise of evidence for injury prevention and safety promotion in Korea.MethodsWe reviewed literatures and web databases related to evidence and had in-depth interviews with experts for finding implications in 2011.ResultsMost of previous evidence is focusing on experimental and clinical outcome study, educational strategy, individual approach, western issues. It has limitation for application to our situations directly. To solve this problem, we discussed the utilisation methods of previous evidence, encouragement of injury research with preventive aspects. It needs to develop the criteria on evidence and evaluation methods on comprehensive strategies tailored for our context and to modify the management of research process and establish the supportive system for utilisation as quality assurance at national level.Contribution to this FieldIt is preliminary research for development of evidence and its utilisation. Through this result, we can make the foundation for settlement and activation of evidence based project in Korean context.
PREVENTING FALLS IN OLDER PEOPLE: THE NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCE
Authors: Robertson C , Campbell J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNew Zealand researchers have made major contributions to the development of proven falls prevention programmes in older people. National strategies for falls and injury prevention have been implemented.ObjectivesTo review the evidence from New Zealand related to preventing falls in older people and describe the nation wide approach to falls prevention in New Zealand.MethodsWe reviewed the published literature on falls prevention in older people to determine the most effective, cost effective, and sustainable strategies for wide spread implementation.OutcomeThe home based Otago Exercise Programme has been trialled extensively with different population groups. It is most cost effective in those 80 years and over. Tai chi is also effective in reducing falls. Psychotropic drug withdrawal is highly effective in reducing falls but has a low adherence and would be staff intensive if introduced as a public health measure. Occupational therapy assessment and home modification would be suitable for national implementation for those with severe visual impairment. The international literature shows that vitamin D supplementation reduces the rate of falls in nursing care residents with low serum vitamin D levels.SignificanceNation wide implementation has been achieved with the Otago Exercise Programme and tai chi, and vitamin D supplementation for nursing care residents. Sustainability of optimal strategies requires collaboration across ACC, the Ministry of Health, local District Health Boards, Primary Health Organisations, and researchers.
NON-RESPONSE BIAS IN A COMMUNITY SURVEY OF DRINKING, ALCOHOL-RELATED EXPERIENCES AND PUBLIC OPINION ON ALCOHOL POLICY
Authors: Maclennan B , Kypri K , Langley J , Room R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe continuing decline in response rates to household surveys is a concern for the health and social sciences as it increases the risk of selective non-response biasing the estimates of interest.AimTo assess non-response bias in a postal survey measuring drinking behaviour, experience of harm and opinion on local government alcohol policies among residents in six New Zealand communities.MethodsThe Continuum of Resistance model, which suggests that late respondents to a survey are most similar to non-respondents on the measures of interest, was used to guide our investigation.ResultsMen, younger people, those of Māori descent and those living in more deprived areas were less likely to respond to our survey than women, older people, those not of Māori descent and those living in comparatively affluent areas. Late respondents more closely resembled non-respondents demographically than early respondents. The prevalence of binge drinking and experience of assault was higher, and support for restrictive local government alcohol policies lower, among late respondents. Assuming the drinking behaviour and alcohol-related experiences of non-respondents were the same as those of late respondents, prevalence was under-estimated by 3.4% (relative difference: 13%) and 2.1% (relative difference: 21%) for monthly binge drinking and assault respectively. There was little evidence of bias in estimates of policy support.Contribution to the FieldThe findings add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that surveys under-estimate risk behaviour because of selective non-response. Notably, public opinion may not be subject to such misestimation.
DEVELOPMENT OF RISK ASSESSMENT SYSTEM OF CHILD'S FEMUR AND FOREARM FRACTURE DUE TO AIR-FILLED PLAY EQUIPMENT AND RECOMMENDATION REGARDING ITS SAFE USE
Authors: Tokoro Y , Nishida Y , Mizoguchi H , Yamanaka T 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRecently, the number of injuries due to play equipment consisting of an air-inflated membrane has been rapidly increasing. For example, a child fractures his femur when he is jumping on the play equipment and an adult is also jumping around him.PurposeResearch to understand the dynamics of the air-inflated membrane structures is strongly required.MethodsWe developed a child's femur impactor (figure 1) to measure the impact force on the femur when the child falls on the equipment and examined the dynamics of the play equipment.Figure 1Play equipment and femur impactor.ResultsWe conducted drop experiments to measure the impact force applied to the femur when landing on the equipment in the situation that a single child fall from a high position. The experimental result indicates that the impact force in the case of a single fall is proportional to both the collision velocity and the weight. Second, we studied the characteristics of the play equipment when two or more people are jumping. The experiment using the impactor revealed the new finding that the propagation of the membrane tension generated by a jumping adult can cause a fracture of the femur bone of a child around the adult. The computer simulation also supports the findings (figure 2).Figure 2Computer simulation of propagation of impact.SignificanceThis new finding suggests that a new safety standard for equipment consisting of air-inflated membrane structure is required especially regarding the weight and the number of adults playing with children.
INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SOLVING TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AND PREVENTION AT BAN PHAI DISTRICT, KHON KAEN, THAILAND
Authors: Bamrung A , Kijlerdpornpairoj J , Jongsomchai A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTraffic accident has been a major cause of death and injuries at Ban Phai district, Khon Kaen and the incidence has shown an increasing trend. Accidents and injuries were collected and reported separately by each responsible agency. Case investigations for causes of accident were overlook.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo manage traffic accident data and solve problems by using an integrated data management approach by an interdisciplinary team.MethodsA multidisciplinary team consists of representatives of the hospital, the police station, public transportation, the highway department and local volunteer rescue team was formed. The team analysed all 55 fatal traffic accidents causing deaths and serious injuries that were documented at police station, district hospital and rescue team during August 2009–July 2010 which consists of various forms such as injury surveillance record, pictures and videos to identify causes and ways to prevent re-occurrence of traffic accidents case by case. Problem solving actions were identified and undertaken immediately as a result of a concerted effort of the teamResults/OutcomesMajor causes of traffic accidents were miss-driving behaviour (72.73%), environmental (15.58%), roads (10.39%). Two major black spots on highway were identified and corrections were undertaken with participation of the community. Information was used to create awareness among the district authorities and local government office.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis project helped reduce traffic accidents by 25% and enhance community participation. Lessons learned can be extended to other districts.
PREVENTING FALLS IN UNDER FIVES – A TEN-YEAR LONG INTERVENTION IN TARANAKI
Authors: Forde K , Pollard E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional injuries account for 2500-3000 hospitalisations of children each year in New Zealand. Falls are the leading cause of injury hospitalisation of children under five. The Kidsafe Taranaki Trust has been working since the early 1990s to reduce unintentional injuries to children in Taranaki and has implemented a range of falls prevention interventions during that time.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe most sustained effort is a project to deliver falls prevention information to groups of parents and caregivers. Successfully piloted in 2002 and expanded the following year with the addition of a Kaupapa Maori strategy, it aims to increase caregivers' awareness of the changing risks associated with the different developmental milestones in the pre-school years and provide advice and samples of appropriate safety devices while emphasising the importance of active supervision.MethodsThe approach is based on safety literature and the combined strategies have now been delivered to 3,000 families in Taranaki over the last ten years.Results/OutcomesEvaluation of the programme has been ongoing and continues to demonstrate this project is having a positive impact on participants' awareness and knowledge of key causes of falls injuries and prevention strategies. More importantly, it is shown to have influenced positive changes in the quality of supervision and the safety of the home environment.Significance/Contribution to the fieldTaranaki data demonstrates a marked downward trend in fall-related injury rates to under-fives which is more pronounced than the gradually decreasing trend for New Zealand as a whole.
ACTING IN THE COMMUNITY INTEREST: A SUSTAINABLE NGO THEATRE-IN-EDUCATION MODEL FOR DELIVERING CHILD SAFETY EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
Authors: Gribble D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundConstable Care Child Safety Foundation delivers performance-education programmes to children aged 2–13 years in primary schools and early learning centres throughout metropolitan, regional and remote Western Australia, a 2.5 million sq km area 3.5 times the size of Texas. Covering issues in child safety, crime prevention and citizenship, the organisation works with over 150 000 children each year in a joint government and community funded early intervention programme aimed at increasing knowledge and changing attitudes and behaviours. Over its 23 year history the organisation has provided theatre-in-education programmes for over 2 million children, including children in very remote indigenous communities in Western Australia and the Northern Territory.PurposeEducation research supports the effectiveness of theatre-in-education as a tool for teaching children about personal safety issues. Delivering protective behaviours, road safety and violence prevention interactive programmes, the organisation invests in best-practice approaches to content development, performance methodology and outcome measurement.MethodConstable Care's sustainable funding model mixes national, state and local government recurrent and project funding with corporate sponsorship, philanthropic donations and fee for service activity. Educational themes are determined by schools and local government partners through ongoing consultation processes, with local safety and school issues given priority. A mix of puppet theatre, drama and interactive question and answer sessions cater for younger and older learners.OutcomeOver time the organisation has amassed a database of teacher feedback in relation to the perceived efficacy of the programme. Data indicates that teachers view the programme as being of considerable value in raising children's awareness of safety issues. In 2011 the organisation formed a research partnership with a WA university to design and collect ongoing pre–post survey data from participant children to evaluate changes in knowledge, attitude and behavioural intent. Initial findings from this process, although still in its early stages, indicate that the programme has impact for the children involved.SignificanceThe Constable Care model demonstrates a sustainable government-community-NGO partnership that delivers effective and evaluated child safety theatre-in-education programmes responsive to changing local community safety priorities and school needs.
REDUCING CHILD INJURY: EVALUATION OF INTERVENTIONS TARGETING CHILDREN AND THE ADULTS WHO SUPERVISE THEM
Authors: Schwebel DC 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundUnintentional injury is a leading cause of paediatric mortality worldwide. Behavioural strategies hold promise for prevention. Although behavioural strategies targeting children—primarily by changing children's behaviours or decisions—are logical, strategies targeting adult supervision of children also show promise.Aims/Objectives/PurposeDiscuss behavioural research evaluating two child injury prevention strategies targeting children—safety with pet dogs and pedestrian safety—plus two strategies targeting adult supervisors—safety on preschool playgrounds and safety at swimming pools.MethodsFour studies, each using experimental pre–post designs, will be presented. Two studies included control groups. Multi-informant strategies (observational, behavioural, self-report) assessed child and adult behaviour pre- and post-intervention.Results/OutcomeAll interventions showed promise. For example,The Blue Dogsoftware, to teach children ages 3–6 about safety with pet dogs, yielded improved recognition of dangerous activities with dogs (F=4.17, p<0.05, but not improved behaviour). Similarly, a behavioural intervention targeting adult lifeguards improved lifeguard surveillance (x2(2)=8.53, p<0.01) and reduced swimmers' risky behaviours (x2(2)=10.63, p<0.01).Significance/Contribution to the FieldHuman behaviour is difficult to change, so behavioural interventionists must be creative, thorough, and persistent. Changing children's behaviours can prove difficult given developmental limitations of children's thinking and behaviour patterns. Adult behaviour may be more amenable to change, but is notoriously challenging given the power of long-standing behavioural habits. These data reinforce the promise of behavioural interventions to reduce paediatric injuries, as well as the challenges our field faces to develop creative, effective interventions targeting the multiple factors relevant to reducing child injury risk.
EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY POLICING MODEL USED IN UNITED NATIONS AND AFRICAN UNION PEACEKEEPING MISSION IN DARFUR
Authors: Khoso AK 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo carry out evaluation of Community Policing of United Nations and African Union Mission in Darfur(UNAMID) to assess its efficiency in establishing link between Internally Displaced People (IDPs) and GoS and Movement Police.MethodsBased on information collected from field observations, key informant interviews, and review of official documents, this note firstly describes components and mechanism. Then the mechanism for effective evaluation will be devised based upon overall goals.ResultsCommunity policing in conflicted Darfur Sudan is an effective tools in improving policing standards and involvement of community in controlling crime and violence in IDP camps. Evaluation mechanism based upon mandate and over all goals can be helpful in improving the system.ConclusionsThere is greater need for improvement of Community Policing in conflicted areas to improve human rights standard by means of effective linkage between Police and IDPS and capacity building of Police.
BROKERING INFORMATION TO SUPPORT FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION AND INTERVENTION EFFORTS IN NEW ZEALAND
Authors: Fanslow J , Dixon R , Paton N , Richards G , Gulliver P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAccess to high quality information is an essential feature of evidence informed practice in family violence prevention and intervention work.AimThe New Zealand Family Violence Clearinghouse is the national centre for collating and disseminating information about domestic and family violence in Aotearoa.MethodsCollection takes place through review of international websites, scans of the academic literature, and outreach with NZ & international academics and practitioners. Collation and dissemination takes place through the NZFVC Library (electronic and physical), a monthly newsletter, customised searches by the information specialist and the production and publication of fact sheets, and issues papers. Active community engagement helps to identify common information needs across the sector.ResultsInformation dissemination: In the period 11/10/12–20/2/12 the website had 12 395 visits by 8262 unique visitors from 109 countries (83% from NZ). The newsletter is distributed to 1460 people, with the mailing list growing by 567 in 6 months. Two issues papers and multiple factsheets have been produced.Community engagement includes developing and maintaining active relationships with a wide range of practitioners, policy makers, and researchers through attendance at community and national hui, speaking at events, individual meetings, phone and email contact.SignificanceThe Clearinghouse contributes to the family violence sector in NZ by acting as an information hub. By serving a wide audience, we play a significant role in identifying high quality information, making it accessible, ‘funnelling’ information to those who need it, identifying information gaps, and actively strategising on ways to meet these needs.
VIOLENCE INTERVENTION PROGRAMME (VIP); IMPROVING NEW ZEALAND'S HEALTH SYSTEM RESPONSE TO FAMILY VIOLENCE
Authors: Koziol-McLain J , Ritchie M , Zimmerman S 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe New Zealand Violence Intervention Programme (VIP) seeks to reduce and prevent health impacts of violence and abuse through early identification, assessment and referral of victims presenting to health services. The programme is premised on standardised system models of organisational change and reflects an indigenous whanau ora approach. Programme components include national guidelines, coordinators, technical advice, national networking, training, resources and evaluation.AimTo describe the respective contributions of funders, national programme manager and researcher to the achievements of VIP within the health sector.MethodsNational programme management and evaluation focuses on a coordinated approach to quality improvement. An external evaluation monitored development of VIP from 2004–2011 in 20 District Health Boards. The evaluation applied partner abuse (PA) and child abuse and neglect (CAN) programme audit tools measuring system indicators.ResultsVIP scores increased incrementally over the six audit periods. Median audit score (possible range 0 to 100) increased from 20 to 74 for responsiveness to PA and from 37 to 81 for responsiveness to CAN. At the most recent audit (2011), 17 DHBs (85%) achieved the benchmark target score (>70) in both PA and CAN programmes, exceeding Ministry of Health expectations.Significance/Contribution to the FieldLongitudinal evaluations of national PA and CAN intervention programmes in health are limited. VIP design and external evaluation results provide evidence to guide future programme development. Recommended areas include transitioning programme evaluation from indicator compliance to a culture of continuous performance improvement and increasing provision of service delivery to families at risk.
INCREASING ROUTINE VITAMIN D PRESCRIPTION TO AGED CARE RESIDENTS IN NEW ZEALAND: GIVING RESIDENTS THE D-FENCE AGAINST FALLS
Authors: Willaims M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundVitamin D supplements have been shown to reduce the number of falls in older adults living in aged residential care facilities. However, in New Zealand only 16% of aged care residents were being prescribed vitamin D in 2007.AimTo encourage increased prescription of vitamin D to residents in aged care facilities throughout New Zealand.MethodThe Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) led the development and phased national rollout of a robust education programme. ACC facilitated the formation of a Specialist Advisory Group of lead clinicians and researchers. This group developed a vitamin D prescribing guideline for General Practitioners, based on the available literature and clinical best practice.An educational programme was developed to increase awareness and encourage routine prescription of vitamin D. ACC partnered with District Health Boards and worked collaboratively to disseminate the education programme to General Practitioners, facility staff, aged care residents and pharmacists. Rollout was phased over a 3 year period and by 2011- national coverage was achieved.ResultsVitamin D uptake was monitored quarterly by matching the National Health Index numbers of residents with National Health Index numbers of paid pharmacy claims for Vitamin D preparations.Once the education programme had been delivered throughout the country, vitamin D prescribing had increased to 66%.SignificanceThe findings to date suggest the national rollout of an educational programme that includes a prescribing guideline can increase prescription of vitamin D to residents.