bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Experience With the New Generation Edwards Sapien 3 Aortic Bioprosthesis: Procedural Results and Short Term Outcome
Authors: MURRAY MARIE‐ISABEL , GEIS NICOLAS , PLEGER SVEN T. , KALLENBACH KLAUS , KATUS HUGO A. , BEKEREDJIAN RAFFI , CHORIANOPOULOS EMMANUEL 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundTAVR has become an established treatment for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients with high surgical risk. The latest generation of the balloon‐expandable Edwards Sapien device, the Sapien 3, together with its new transfemoral Commander delivery system has been designed to reduce paravalvular regurgitation and vascular access site complications.ObjectivesTo evaluate procedural results and short term outcome with the third generation Sapien 3 device.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 125 consecutive TAVR patients and analyzed the first 51 patients in whom we implanted the new Sapien 3 device via transfemoral access.ResultsIn patients implanted with the Sapien 3 device significant residual paravalvular regurgitation after TAVR was virtually absent with the vast majority having none or trace postinterventional aortic regurgitation on angiography or echocardiography (92.2% and 80.4% respectively). None of the patients had more than mild paravalvular regurgitation. Major vascular access site complications or major bleeding according to the VARC II criteria were not observed in our cohort, minor vascular complications and minor bleeding occurred in 7.8% and 5.9% respectively. If vascular complications occurred, they were related to closure device failure. Thirty day outcome showed a 1.9% major stroke rate and 3.9% death rate. However, we observed a 25.5% permanent pacemaker rate in our Sapien 3 cohort.ConclusionsImplantation of the new third generation Sapien 3 device resulted in excellent procedural and short term outcome. Significant paravalvular regurgitation was virtually absent. However, the increased rate of postinterventional pacemaker implantations needs to be analyzed in a larger cohort of patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:109–116)
Plant Growth‐promoting Fungus Penicillium oxalicum Enhances Plant Growth and Induces Resistance in Pearl Millet Against Downy Mildew Disease
Authors: Murali Mahadevamurthy , Amruthesh Kestur Nagaraj 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlant Growth‐promoting Fungus (PGPF) Penicillium oxalicum was isolated from rhizosphere soil of pearl millet and was tested for its ability to promote growth and induce systemic resistance in pearl millet against downy mildew disease. The fungal isolate P. oxalicum UOM PGPF 16 was identified as P. oxalicum using ITS sequencing and morphological analysis and sequence was deposited at NCBI with accession number KF150220. Pearl millet susceptible seeds were treated with three different inducers (CS, CF and LCF) of PGPF P. oxalicum and all the inducers significantly reduced the downy mildew disease and enhanced plant growth. Among the inducers tested, CS treatment recorded highest seed germination of 91% and 1427 seedling vigour followed by LCF and CF treatments. The vegetative growth parameter and NPK uptake studies under greenhouse conditions revealed that the CS treatment of P. oxalicum remarkably enhanced the parameters tested when compared to control plants. A significant disease protection of 62% and 58% against downy mildew disease was observed in plants pretreated with CS of P. oxalicum under greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. The spatio‐temporal studies revealed that inducers P. oxalicum required a minimum of 3 days for developing maximum disease resistance which was maintained thereafter. The maximum Peroxidase (POX) activity (62.7 U) was observed at 24 h in seedlings treated with CS of PGPF P. oxalicum and the activity gradually reduced at later time points after pathogen inoculation. Chitinase (CHT) activity was significantly higher in inducer treated seedlings when compared to control seedlings inoculated with pathogen after 48 h and remained constant at all time points.
Percutaneous absorption of methimazole: an in vitro study of the absorption pharmacokinetics for two different vehicles
Authors: Hill K. E. , Mills P. C. , Jones B. R. , Bolwell C. F. , Aberdein D. , Chambers J. P. 
Published: February 2015

The use of transdermal medications in cats has become popular in veterinary medicine due to the ease of administration compared to oral medication. However, the research to support systemic absorption of drugs applied to the pinna after transdermal administration in cats is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the percutaneous absorption pharmacokinetics of methimazole in a lipophilic vehicle compared to methimazole in Pluronic® lecithin organogel (PLO) using a finite dose applied to feline ear skin in an in vitro Franz cell model. The two formulations of methimazole (10 mg) were applied to the inner stratum corneum of six pairs of feline ears. The receptor medium was sampled up to 30 h post–administration, and methimazole concentrations were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Histological examination of all ears was undertaken as small differences in the thickness of ear skin may have contributed to inter‐individual differences in methimazole absorption between six cats. Methimazole was absorbed more completely across the pinnal skin when administered in the lipophilic vehicle compared to administration in the PLO gel (P < 0.001).
The Northwest Africa (NWA) 5790 meteorite: A mesostasis‐rich nakhlite with little or no Martian aqueous alteration
Authors: Tomkinson Tim , Lee Martin R. , Mark Darren F. , Dobson Katherine J. , Franchi Ian A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 5790 is the most recently discovered member of the nakhlite group. Its mineralogy differs from the other nakhlites with a high abundance mesostasis (38.1 ± 3.6 vol%) and scarcity of olivine (4.0 ± 2.2 vol%). Furthermore, zoning of augite phenocrysts, and other petrographic and chemical characteristics suggest that NWA 5790 samples the chilled margin of its parent lava flow/sill. NWA 5790 contains calcite and rare clay minerals that are evidence for its exposure to liquid water. The calcite forms a cement to coatings of dust on the outer surface of the find and extends into the interior of the meteorite within veins. The presence of microbial remains within the coating confirms that the dust and its carbonate cement are terrestrial in origin, consistent with the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of the calcite. The clay minerals are finely crystalline and comprise ~0.003 vol% of the meteorite. δD values of the clay minerals range from −212 ± 109‰ to −96 ± 132‰, and cannot be used to distinguish between a terrestrial or Martian origin. As petrographic results are also not definitive, we conclude that secondary minerals produced by Martian groundwaters are at best very rare within NWA 5790. The meteorite has therefore sampled a region of the lava flow/sill with little or no exposure to the aqueous solutions that altered other nakhlites. This isolation could relate to the scarcity of olivine in NWA 5790 because dissolution of olivine in other nakhlites by Martian groundwaters enhanced their porosity and permeability, and provided solutes for secondary minerals.
Bangladeshi women's experiences of infant feeding in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Authors: Rayment Juliet , McCourt Christine , Vaughan Lisa , Christie Janice , Trenchard‐Mabere Esther 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study examined the main factors that influence Bangladeshi women living in London's decisions to partially breastfeed their children, including the influence of older women within the community. Fifty‐seven women of Bangladeshi origin living in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets took part in seven discussion groups between April and June 2013. Five groups were held with women of child‐bearing age and two groups with older women in the community. A further eight younger women and three older women took part in one‐on‐one interviews. Interviews were also carried out with eight local health care workers, including public health specialists, peer support workers, breastfeeding coordinators and a health visitor. The influences on women's infant feeding choices can be understood through a ‘socio‐ecological model’, including public health policy; diverse cultural influences from Bangladesh, London and the Bangladeshi community in London; and the impacts of migration and religious and family beliefs. The women's commitment to breastfeeding was mediated through the complexity of their everyday lives. The tension between what was ‘best’ and what was ‘possible’ leads them not only to partially breastfeed but also to sustain partial breastfeeding in a way not seen in other socio‐cultural groups in the United Kingdom.
Contrasting population genetic structure among freshwater‐resident and anadromous lampreys: the role of demographic history, differential dispersal and anthropogenic barriers to movement
Authors: Bracken Fiona S. A. , Hoelzel A. Rus , Hume John B. , Lucas Martyn C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe tendency of many species to abandon migration remains a poorly understood aspect of evolutionary biology that may play an important role in promoting species radiation by both allopatric and sympatric mechanisms. Anadromy inherently offers an opportunity for the colonization of freshwater environments, and the shift from an anadromous to a wholly freshwater life history has occurred in many families of fishes. Freshwater‐resident forms have arisen repeatedly among lampreys (within thePetromyzontidae andMordaciidae), and there has been much debate as to whether anadromous lampreys, and their derived freshwater‐resident analogues, constitute distinct species or are divergent ecotypes of polymorphic species. Samples of 543European river lampreyLampetra fluviatilis(mostly from anadromous populations) and freshwaterEuropean brook lampreyLampetra planerifrom across 18 sites, primarily in theBritish Isles, were investigated for 13 polymorphic microsatelliteDNAloci, and 108 samples from six of these sites were sequenced for 829 bp of mitochondrialDNA(mtDNA). We found contrasting patterns of population structure for mtDNAand microsatelliteDNAmarkers, such that low diversity and little structure were seen for all populations for mtDNA(consistent with a recent founder expansion event), while fine‐scale structuring was evident for nuclear markers. Strong differentiation for microsatelliteDNAloci was seen among freshwater‐residentL. planeripopulations and betweenL. fluviatilisandL. planeriin most cases, but little structure was evident among anadromousL. fluviatilispopulations. We conclude that postglacial colonization founded multiple freshwater‐resident populations with strong habitat fidelity and limited dispersal tendencies that became highly differentiated, a pattern that was likely intensified by anthropogenic barriers.
Ancient vicariance and climate‐driven extinction explain continental‐wide disjunctions in Africa: the case of the Rand Flora genus Canarina (Campanulaceae)
Authors: Mairal M. , Pokorny L. , Aldasoro J. J. , Alarcón M. , Sanmartín I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTransoceanic distributions have attracted the interest of scientists for centuries. Less attention has been paid to the evolutionary origins of ‘continent‐wide’ disjunctions, in which related taxa are distributed across isolated regions within the same continent. A prime example is the ‘Rand Flora’ pattern, which shows sister taxa disjunctly distributed in the continental margins of Africa. Here, we explore the evolutionary origins of this pattern using the genus Canarina, with three species: C. canariensis, associated with the Canarian laurisilva, and C. eminii and C. abyssinica, endemic to the Afromontane region in East Africa, as case study. We infer phylogenetic relationships, divergence times and the history of migration events within Canarina using Bayesian inference on a large sample of chloroplast and nuclear sequences. Ecological niche modelling was employed to infer the climatic niche of Canarina through time. Dating was performed with a novel nested approach to solve the problem of using deep time calibration points within a molecular dataset comprising both above‐species and population‐level sampling. Results show C. abyssinica as sister to a clade formed by disjunct C. eminii and C. canariensis. Miocene divergences were inferred among species, whereas infraspecific divergences fell within the Pleistocene–Holocene periods. Although C. eminii and C. canariensis showed a strong genetic geographic structure, among‐population divergences were older in the former than in the latter. Our results suggest that Canarina originated in East Africa and later migrated across North Africa, with vicariance and aridification‐driven extinction explaining the 7000 km/7 million year divergence between the Canarian and East African endemics.
Microcirculatory Perfusion During Different Perioperative Hemodynamic Strategies
Authors: Stens Jurre , de Wolf Steven P. , van der Zwan René J. , Koning Nick J. , Dekker Nicole A.M. , Hering Jens P. , Boer Christa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated whether hemodynamic optimization of systemic tissue perfusion based on PPV and CI improves microcirculatory perfusion when compared to a MAP‐based strategy in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery.MethodsPatients were randomized into a PPV/CI guided group (n = 13, target PPV <12%, CI >2.5 L/min/m2, and MAP >70 mmHg) or MAP‐guided group (n = 18, target MAP >70 mmHg). PPV, CI, and MAP were measured using noninvasive arterial blood pressure measurements. Sublingual microcirculatory perfusion was measured at one, two, and three hours following anesthesia induction, and quantified as TVD, PVD or the proportion of perfused vessels. Data were analyzed using ANOVA RM.ResultsPatients in the PPV/CI group required more fluid administration than control patients (1927 ± 747 mL versus 1283 ± 582 mL, respectively; p = 0.01). Despite this difference, we observed similar values for TVD (RM; F(1.28) = 0.01; p = 0.92), PVD (RM; F(1.28) = 0.09; p = 0.77) and the proportion of perfused vessels (RM; F(1.28) = 0.01; p = 0.76) in both groups.ConclusionHemodynamic optimization of systemic tissue perfusion is not associated with improvement of microcirculatory perfusion compared to a MAP‐guided protocol in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
Preliminary study of zonisamide monotherapy in de novo patients with early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ikeda Ken , Hanashiro Sayori , Sawada Masahiro , Iwasaki Yasuo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about single administration of zonisamide in Parkinson's disease patients.AimWe aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of zonisamide monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease patients.MethodsA total of 10 untreated (de novo) patients with Yahr stage I or II participated. Zonisamide was given at a daily dose of 25 mg for 1 month and increased to 50 mg for the next 2 months. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale parts I–IV and tremor‐related Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (items 16, 20 and 21) were examined every month. Serum zonisamide concentrations and urinary homovanillic acid concentrations were measured. Three patients had rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep condition was asked to patients? spouses.ResultsAt 1 month after zonisamide treatment, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores did not differ from the baseline scores statistically. At 2 and 3 months after zonisamide treatment, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III and tremor‐related scores were reduced significantly compared with pretreatment (P < 0.01). Sleep state improved markedly in three patients with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder at 1–2 months after zonisamide treatment. The mean serum concentrations of zonisamide (standard deviation) were 2.0 μg/mL (0.9) at 25 mg/day and 6.6 μg/mL (2.3) at 50 mg/day. Urinary homovanillic acid concentrations were not altered before and after zonisamide administration.ConclusionsThe present study showed that zonisamide monotherapy improved motor and sleep dysfunction in de novo patients with early Parkinson's disease. Significant therapeutic benefits were present within 1–2 months. Finally, the data highlight a therapeutic potential of zonisamide monotherapy in tremor‐predominant patients with early Parkinson's disease.
Reduced compensatory effects explain the nitrogen‐mediated reduction in stability of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Song Ming‐Hua , Yu Fei‐Hai 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Many ecosystems are facing strong perturbations such as nitrogen (N) fertilization, which can greatly alter ecosystem stability via different mechanisms. Understanding such mechanisms is critical for predicting how ecosystems will function in the face of global changes.

We examined how 8 yr of N fertilization with different N rates (no N addition or N addition at a low, medium or high rate) and different forms of N (ammonium, nitrate or ammonium nitrate) affected the temporal stability of the aboveground biomass of an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, and tested four mechanisms (diversity effect, mean‐variance scaling, compensatory dynamics and dominance effect) that may alter stability.

Compared with the control (no N addition), a high N rate did not affect the diversity effect, the mean‐variance scaling or the dominance effect, but significantly decreased compensatory dynamics among species and functional groups, which contributed to the reduction in community stability of the alpine meadow. The form of N did not affect any of the four mechanisms and thus did not affect community stability.

A high N rate can change community stability by altering compensatory dynamics, whereas the form of N may not have an effect.
The Influence and Policy Signalling Role of FOMC Forecasts
Authors: Hubert Paul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFederal Open Market Committee (FOMC) policymakers have published macroeconomic forecasts since 1979 and we examine the effects of FOMC inflation forecasts using a structural VAR model. First, we assess whether they influence private inflation expectations. Second, we investigate the underlying mechanism at work and whether they convey policy signals. We provide original evidence that FOMC inflation forecasts influence private ones. We also find that the influencing effect of FOMC forecasts does not come through current Fed rate changes, that FOMC forecasts affect private expectations in a different way than current policy decisions, and that FOMC forecasts are informative about future Fed rate movements.
Anesthesia‐related critical incidents in the perioperative period in children; a proposal for an anesthesia‐related reporting system for critical incidents in children
Authors: de Graaff Jurgen C. , Sarfo Marie‐christine , van Wolfswinkel Leo , van der Werff Désirée B. M. , Schouten Antonius N. J. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe incidence, type and severity of anesthesia‐related critical incidents during the perioperative phase has been investigated less in children than in adults.AimThe aim of the study was to identify and analyze anesthesia‐related critical incidents in children to identify areas to improve current clinical practice, and to propose a specialized anesthesia‐related critical incidence registration for children.MethodAll reported pediatric anesthesia‐related critical incidents reported on a voluntary reporting based on a 20‐item complication list of the Dutch Society of Anesthesiology between January 2007 and August 2013 were analyzed. An anesthesia‐related critical incident was defined as ‘any incident that affected, or could have affected, the safety of the patient while under the care of an anesthetist’. As the 20‐item complications list was too crude for detailed analyses, all critical incidents were reclassified into the more detailed German classification lists with the adjustment of specific items for children (in total 10 categories with 101 different subcategories).ResultsDuring the 6‐year period, a total of 1214 critical incidents were reported out of 35 190 anesthetics (cardiac and noncardiac anesthesia cases). The most frequently reported incidents (46.5%) were related to the respiratory system. Infants <1 year, children with ASA physical status III and IV, and emergency procedures had a higher rate of adverse incidents.ConclusionRespiratory events were the most reported commonly critical incidents in children. Both the Dutch and German existing lists of critical incident definitions appeared not to be sufficient for accurate classification in children. The present list can be used for a new registration system for critical incidents in pediatric anesthesia.
Genome‐wide survey of artificial mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate and gamma rays in tomato
Authors: Shirasawa Kenta , Hirakawa Hideki , Nunome Tsukasa , Tabata Satoshi , Isobe Sachiko 
Published: February 2015

SummaryGenome‐wide mutations induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and gamma irradiation in the tomato Micro‐Tom genome were identified by a whole‐genome shotgun sequencing analysis to estimate the spectrum and distribution of whole‐genome DNA mutations and the frequency of deleterious mutations. A total of ~370 Gb of paired‐end reads for four EMS‐induced mutants and three gamma‐ray‐irradiated lines as well as a wild‐type line were obtained by next‐generation sequencing technology. Using bioinformatics analyses, we identified 5920 induced single nucleotide variations and insertion/deletion (indel) mutations. The predominant mutations in the EMS mutants were C/G to T/A transitions, while in the gamma‐ray mutants, C/G to T/A transitions, A/T to T/A transversions, A/T to G/C transitions and deletion mutations were equally common. Biases in the base composition flanking mutations differed between the mutagenesis types. Regarding the effects of the mutations on gene function, >90% of the mutations were located in intergenic regions, and only 0.2% were deleterious. In addition, we detected 1 140 687 spontaneous single nucleotide polymorphisms and indel polymorphisms in wild‐type Micro‐Tom lines. We also found copy number variation, deletions and insertions of chromosomal segments in both the mutant and wild‐type lines. The results provide helpful information not only for mutation research, but also for mutant screening methodology with reverse‐genetic approaches.