bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of insulin signaling and energy sensing network by AICAR, an AMPK activator in insulin resistant rat tissues
Authors: Radika Mutlur Krishnamoorthy , Anuradha Carani Venkatraman 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: The energy status of the cell is regulated by the energy sensing network constituted by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the NAD+-dependent type III deacetylase silence information regulator T1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). This study investigates the potential effect of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboximide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator on insulin signaling and energy sensing network in insulin resistant rats.

Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats with body weight of 150–180 g were fed high-fructose diet (HFD) for 60 days to induce insulin resistance. Rats fed HFD were divided into two and were treated or untreated with AICAR (0.7 mg/kg bw, i.p.) for the last 2 weeks.

Results: Insulin resistant rats displayed increased glucose and insulin levels and reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin resistance receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1. The downstream signaling and glucose transport were also affected. Phosphorylation of AMPK, SIRT1 protein abundance and mRNA expression of PGC-1α were reduced. Treatment with AICAR reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and improved the activation of the key molecules of insulin signaling. Improved action of energy sensing network was noted after AICAR treatment. AICAR showed higher binding affinity with Akt (−8.2 kcal/mol) than with AMPK or insulin receptor (−8.0 kcal/mol) in the in silico study.

Conclusions: The findings suggest that AICAR, the AMPK activator, influences insulin signaling proteins and molecules involved in energy modulation during insulin resistance.
Antibacterial activity of combination of synthetic and biopolymer non-woven structures
Authors: Bhullar Sukhwinder K. , Özsel Burcak Kaya , Yadav Ramesh , Kaur Ginpreet , Chintamaneni Meena , Buttar Harpal S. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background: Fibrous structures and synthetic polymer blends offer potential usages in making biomedical devices, textiles used in medical practices, food packaging, tissue engineering, environmental applications and biomedical arena. These products are also excellent candidates for building scaffolds to grow stem cells for implantation, to make tissue engineering grafts, to make stents to open up blood vessels caused by atherosclerosis or narrowed by blood clots, for drug delivery systems for micro- to nano-medicines, for transdermal patches, and for healing of wounds and burn care. The current study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of woven and non-woven forms of nano- and macro-scale blended polymers having biocompatible and biodegradable characteristics.

Methods: The antimicrobial activity of non-woven fibrous structures created with the combination of synthetic and biopolymer was assessed using Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes using pour plate method. Structural evaluation of the fabricated samples was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Results: Broad spectrum antibacterial activities were found from the tested materials consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with chitosan and nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid.

Conclusions: The combination of PVA with chitosan was more bactericidal or bacteriostatic than that of nylon-6 combined with chitosan and formic acid. PVA combination with chitosan appears to be a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.
Geographic Information Systems for Disaster Response: A Review
Authors: Tomaszewski Brian , Judex Michael , Szarzynski Joerg , Radestock Christine , Wirkus Lars 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGeographic Information Systems (GIS) continue to gain important recognition from disaster practitioners and academic researchers during what is arguably the most publicly visible disaster management phase – disaster response. The broader world of GIS academic research and industry practice for disaster response continues to change. This review article inventories the current state-of-the-art in GIS for disaster response and demonstrates progress in the data and people aspects of GIS for disaster response since previous literature reviews. The review is structured to serve as a metaphorical bridge between two reader groups – disaster management practitioners interested in understanding developing trends in GIS for disaster response and academic researchers with minimal to no understanding of GIS and/or mapping concepts within the disaster response context. With this readership in mind, we outline definitions of GIS, disaster response and the need for GIS in disaster response, review interdisciplinary literature from a variety of spatially-oriented disaster management fields and demonstrate progress in various aspects of GIS for disaster response. The review concludes with a GIS for disaster response research agenda and provides a list of resources for researchers new to GIS and spatial perspectives for disaster management research.
Application of the factorization method to retrieve a crack from near field data
Authors: Guo Jun , Hu Junhao , Yan Guozheng 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We consider the inverse scattering problem of determining the shape of a crack with impedance boundary condition on one side from the complex conjugate of point sources placed on a closed curve which contains the crack. The near field factorization method is established to reconstruct the crack from the measurements on the same curve. Then, we deduce an inversion algorithm and present some numerical examples to show the viability of our method. So far as we know, when the incident waves are the point sources, the near field operator cannot be directly decomposed into the form that the factorization method required. However, we overcome this difficulty with the complex conjugate of point sources which are recently used in [Inverse Problems 30 (2014), Article ID 095005], [Inverse Problems 30 (2014), Article ID 045008] for the justification of the factorization method from near field data.
The Origins of Adapa
Authors: Milstein Sara J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:Antoine Cavigneaux’s (2014) recent edition of the Tell Haddad version of Adapa allows for a fresh assessment of the myth in all of its available versions. Close examination of the Tell Haddad version and the Amarna Tablet in particular reveals that the two display different sets of logic and foci, with only the latter concerned especially with Adapa and his fate. This distinction is reflective not merely of fluidity in copying but instead appears to indicate evidence of revision in the course of transmission.
Patient Portals as a Means of Information and Communication Technology Support to Patient-Centric Care Coordination – the Missing Evidence and the Challenges of Evaluation
Authors: Georgiou Andrew , Hyppönen Hannele , Ammenwerth Elske , Keizer Nicolette de , Magrabi Farah , Scott Philip , Rigby Michael 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Objectives: To review the potential contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enable patient-centric and coordinated care, and in particular to explore the role of patient portals as a developing ICT tool, to assess the available evidence, and to describe the evaluation challenges.
Methods: Reviews of IMIA, EFMI, and other initiatives, together with literature reviews.
Results: We present the progression from care coordination to care integration, and from patient-centric to person-centric approaches. We describe the different roles of ICT as an enabler of the effective presentation of information as and when needed. We focus on the patient‘s role as a co-producer of health as well as the focus and purpose of care. We discuss the need for changing organisational processes as well as the current mixed evidence regarding patient portals as a logical tool, and the reasons for this dichotomy, together with the evaluation principles supported by theoretical frameworks so as to yield robust evidence.
Conclusions: There is expressed commitment to coordinated care and to putting the patient in the centre. However to achieve this, new interactive patient portals will be needed to enable peer communication by all stakeholders including patients and professionals. Few portals capable of this exist to date. The evaluation of these portals as enablers of system change, rather than as simple windows into electronic records, is at an early stage and novel evaluation approaches are needed.
Assessment of Genetic Heterogeneity in Structured Plant Populations Using Multivariate Whole-Genome Regression Models
Authors: Lehermeier Christina , Schön Chris-Carolin , de los Campos Gustavo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Plant breeding populations exhibit varying levels of structure and admixture; these features are likely to induce heterogeneity of marker effects across subpopulations. Traditionally, structure has been dealt with as a potential confounder, and various methods exist to “correct” for population stratification. However, these methods induce a mean correction that does not account for heterogeneity of marker effects. The animal breeding literature offers a few recent studies that consider modeling genetic heterogeneity in multibreed data, using multivariate models. However, these methods have received little attention in plant breeding where population structure can have different forms. In this article we address the problem of analyzing data from heterogeneous plant breeding populations, using three approaches: (a) a model that ignores population structure [A-genome-based best linear unbiased prediction (A-GBLUP)], (b) a stratified (i.e., within-group) analysis (W-GBLUP), and (c) a multivariate approach that uses multigroup data and accounts for heterogeneity (MG-GBLUP). The performance of the three models was assessed on three different data sets: a diversity panel of rice (Oryza sativa), a maize (Zea mays L.) half-sib panel, and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) data set that originated from plant breeding programs. The estimated genomic correlations between subpopulations varied from null to moderate, depending on the genetic distance between subpopulations and traits. Our assessment of prediction accuracy features cases where ignoring population structure leads to a parsimonious more powerful model as well as others where the multivariate and stratified approaches have higher predictive power. In general, the multivariate approach appeared slightly more robust than either the A- or the W-GBLUP.
Joanne Rappaport, The Disappearing Mestizo. Configuring Difference in the Colonial New Kingdom of Granada (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2014), 352 pp.
Authors: Montoya Guzmán Juan David 
Published: June 2015

Reseña de Joanne Rappaport, The Disappearing Mestizo. Configuring Difference in the Colonial New Kingdom of Granada (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2014), 352 pp.
Water-based Engineering & Fabrication: Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing of Biomaterials
Authors: Mogas-Soldevila Laia , Oxman Neri 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn nature, water assembles basic molecules into complex multi-functional structures with nano-to-macro property variation. Such processes generally consume low amounts of energy, produce little to no waste, and take advantage of ambient conditions. In contrast digital manufacturing platforms are generally characterized as uni-functional, wasteful, fuel-based and often toxic. In this paper we explore the role of water in biological construction and propose an enabling technology modeled after these findings. We present a water-based fabrication platform tailored for 3-D printing of water-based composites and regenerated biomaterials such as chitosan, cellulose or sodium alginate for the construction of highly sustainable products and building components. We demonstrate that water-based fabrication of biological materials can be used to tune mechanical, chemical and optical properties of aqueous material composites. The platform consists of a multi-nozzle extrusion system attached to a multi-axis robotic arm designed to additively fabricate extrusion-compatible gels with graded properties. Applications of the composites include small and medium-scale recyclable objects, as well as temporary largescale architectural structures.
Free-form 2.5D thermoplastic circuits using one-time stretchable interconnections
Authors: Vanfleteren Jan , Plovie Bart , Yang Yang , De Smet Jelle , Verplancke Rik , Bossuyt Frederick , De Smet Herbert 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA technology is presented for the production of soft and rigid circuits with an arbitrary 2.5D fixed shape. The base of this technology is our proprietary technology for elastic circuits with a random shape, in which the elastic thermoset (mostly PDMS) polymer is now replaced by soft or rigid thermoplastic variants. An additional thermoforming step is required to transform the circuit from its initial flat to its final fixed 2.5D shape, but for rigid fixed shape circuits only one-time stretchability of the extensible interconnects is required, relieving the reliability requirements.
FEATURES OF AUTONOMIC RESPONSE IN CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN THE PERIOD OF EXACERBATION
Authors: Lebedenko A. A. , Semernik O. E. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Asthma is one of the urgent problems of modern pediatrics, but neuroregulation mechanisms underlying this disease have not been fully disclosed so far. The autonomic interactions assessment in patients with bronchial asthma is important to understand the pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate features of autonomic response in children with asthma in the period of exacerbation. Methods: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) of 82 children aged 6 to 18 years old with asthma in the period of exacerbation were investigated. The spectral analysis of the heart rate variability and the correlation rhythmography method (skaterography) were used to assess the ANS state. Investigations were carried out at rest and after clinoorthostatic test. Results: Non-respiratory (slow) waves reflecting the degree of activity of humoral and neural canals of heart rate central regulation were dominated at the spectrogram of 72 (87.80%) children experiencing asthma attack; more than half of patients (58.53%) had predominantly very low-frequency component (VLF%) in the range of fluctuation rate that indicated the influence of neurohumoral regulation. A significant increase in vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF / HF) was recorded after clinoorthostatic test indicating the activation of the sympathetic nervous system. According to the correlation rhythmography data, a considerable scattering of scattergram points was detected in patients in the baseline state that indicated the predominant influence of parasympathetic nervous system. After the clinoorthostatic test, on the contrary, we observed the «tightness» of the scattergram cloud that could indicate sympathicotonia. Conclusion: The imbalance of the autonomic nervous system in the form of activation of the sympathetic and neurohumoral regulation department was found in children with asthma.
Cultura política y libros de texto de educación para la ciudadanía en España
Authors: García Erika González 
Published: June 2015

We think that one of the key points for the acquisition and later dissemination of the theory of political culture is the provision of various material and organizational bases. In other words, we are referring to the principal agents of socialization, who are actors who reproduce and transmit values, attitudes or behaviors to citizens. The aim of this article is to understand the type of political culture portrayed in Education textbooks for citizenship and human rights approved in Spain.
Comparison of Three High-Oleic Peanut Cultivars under Varying Field Conditions in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Woodward J.E. , Baughman T.A. , Baring M.R. , Simpson C.E. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Cultivar selection is one of the most economically important decisions made by peanut producers. The development of genotypes capable of maintaining yield and quality under a wide range of conditions is important so that profitability can be maximized. Issues such as declining irrigation capacity and diseases limit production in parts of Texas. Efforts of the Texas AgriLife Peanut Breeding Program are to develop breeding lines with improved yield potential, total sound mature kernels (TSMK), and disease resistance. Cultivar trials were conducted in 2009, 2010, and 2011 to evaluate the performance of the cultivar Tamrun OL11. Trials were established in several different production areas under various field conditions and included the commercial standards Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07. Yields were similar for Flavor Runner 458 and Tamrun OL07 at 4538 and 4534 kg/ha, respectively; whereas, Tamrun OL11 averaged 4845 kg/ha (P  = 0.02). TSMK plus sound splits (SS) for Tamrun OL11 were 1.3% higher than Flavor Runner 458 and 2.4% higher Tamrun OL07. When comparing cultivars in fields with a history of severe Sclerotinia blight (caused by Sclerotinia minor) yield increases of 1240 and 2229 kg/ha were observed for Tamrun OL11 over Tamrun OL07 and Flavor Runner 458, respectively. Results from these studies illustrate the high yield potential and superior TSMK of Tamrun OL11.
Uptake, Translocation, and Dose Response of Postemergence Applied Diclosulam to Bristly Starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum)
Authors: Grey T.L. , Prostko E.P. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the absorption, translocation, dose response, efficacy, and effects on biomass of the herbicide diclosulam on bristly starbur (Acanthospermum hispidum DC.) In laboratory experiments, 14C-diclosulam absorption and translocation was evaluated in bristly starbur. Greenhouse studies determined bristly starbur growth response to postemergence applied diclosulam at 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 3.3, and 6.5 g ai/ha. Bristly starbur seed were collected from two Georgia locations, hand cleaned, and grown in the greenhouse. Bristly starbur plants were then foliar treated with diclosulam when plants were in the 4 to 6 leaf stage of growth. 14C-diclosulam was applied to a single non-treated, most fully developed bristly starbur adaxial leaf, after the rest of the plant was foliar treated with 0.8 g ai/ha of diclosulam. At 24 and 48 hours after treatment, 14C-diclosulam was translocated acropetally in bristly starbur to the plant apex, with little to no movement to the lower plant parts including lower leaves, stem and roots. For the dose response studies, bristly starbur growth reduction dry weight (GR50) and efficacy (I50) for diclosulam ranged from 0.95 to 0.92 g ai/ha, respectively. Based on these data, bristly starbur susceptibility to diclosulam was due to its translocation to apical growing points within 24 to 48 hours where acetoacetate synthase (ALS) inhibition occurred resulting in eventual plant death. While bristly starbur is controlled with diclosulam rates below the standard use rate of other weeds, the standard field rates in combination with other herbicide mechanisms of action will continue to be recommended to peanut growers to reduce the potential for bristly starbur ALS resistance selection.
Peanut Cultivar Response to Preemergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone
Authors: Eure P.M. , Prostko E.P. , Merchant R.M. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Pyroxasulfone is a residual herbicide developed for use in several agronomic crops such as corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pyroxasulfone provides effective preemergence (PRE) control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds, but little is known about peanut cultivar tolerance. Therefore, field trials were conducted in Georgia during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate peanut cultivars ‘Georgia-06G’, ‘Georgia Greener’, and ‘Tifguard’ response to pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 0, 120, or 240 g ai/ha. Greater stunting occurred during 2012 than 2013. Peanut stunting 10 days after planting (DAP) during 2012 and 2013 ranged from 38 to 55% and 3 to 11%, respectively. At 10 DAP, greater injury was observed in ‘Tifguard’ as compared to ‘Georgia-06G’ with pyroxasulfone at 120 g ai/ha. ‘Georgia Greener’ was injured more than ‘Tifguard’ following the 240 g ai/ha rate of pyroxasulfone. By 120 DAP, peanut had recovered substantially from stunting caused by PRE applications of pyroxasulfone with no cultivar interactions. Peanut yield was influenced by pyroxasulfone rate when applied PRE. Peanut yield was 7,140 kg/ha in treatments that did not include pyroxasulfone. Treatments that included pyroxasulfone at 120 g ai/ha yielded similar to treatments without pyroxasulfone. Peanut yield was reduced to 6,750 kg/ha (7%) following pyroxasulfone applied at 240 g ai/ha. When combined over pyroxasulfone rate, ‘Georgia-06G’ produced greater yields than the other cultivars.
Assessment of the Sensitivity and Accuracy of Immunochromatographic Test Strips in the Qualitative Detection of Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanuts
Authors: Luis J.M. , Kemerait R.C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Despite the availability of several mechanical and chemical methods for aflatoxin detection, most are not accessible to many developing countries. In these developing countries, immunochromatographic test strips can be an alternative. Research was conducted to assess the sensitivity and accuracy of immunochromatographic test strips in the qualitative detection of aflatoxin at a 20 ppb cut-off limit as compared to the standard fluorometry method, and to evaluate the effect of continuous high or fluctuating temperatures to the sensitivity and accuracy of the test strips. Results showed significant association (P&lt;0.0001) between the results obtained from the test strips (AflaCheckTM, Vicam) and the Vicam fluorometric method, producing an overall accuracy of 97%, sensitivity of 94%, and specificity of 100%. When exposed to continuous high (34 C) and fluctuating (34 C for 8 hr, 25 C for 16 hr daily) temperatures, AflaCheckTM and AgraStrip® (Romer Labs) retained their ability to detect aflatoxin levels up to 32 and 47 wk (8 and 12 months), respectively, without loss of efficacy. This documents the reliable use of the test strips in tropical peanut production areas where technologies like the fluorometer for aflatoxin quantification and refrigeration for storage are not readily accessible.
Response to Oxalic Acid as a Resistance Assay for Sclerotinia minor in Peanut
Authors: Bennett R.S. , Payton M.E. , Chamberlin K.D. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Response to oxalic acid was evaluated as an assay for screening peanut breeding lines for resistance to Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor. Detached stems of six runner- and seven spanish-type peanut genotypes, varying in resistance to Sclerotinia blight, were placed in 0, 20, and 50 mM oxalic acid. Wilt severity and length of stem discoloration were rated 12, 18, and 24 hr after immersion. Wilt and stem discoloration were not observed on stems placed in water (0 mM), but differences among entries were observed for some time intervals when placed in the 20 and 50 mM oxalic acid solutions. Susceptible runner cultivars exhibited the most severe wilt symptoms, but few differences in wilting were found among the spanish genotypes. More differences in stem discoloration were observed among the spanish peanuts than the runner entries, but length of discoloration did not appear to be correlated with field resistance. Oxalic acid appears to have some potential as a resistance assay for Sclerotinia blight in runner peanuts, but may have limited use for screening spanish peanuts. Rapid and accurate methods for screening peanut breeding lines for resistance to Sclerotinia blight would accelerate progress in breeding for disease-resistant peanuts.