bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Three-phase Evolution of the Milky Way
Authors: Chandra Vedant , Semenov Vadim A. , Rix Hans-Walter , Conroy Charlie , Bonaca Ana , Naidu Rohan P. , Andrae René , Li 李 Jiadong 佳东 , Hernquist Lars 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We illustrate the formation and evolution of the Milky Way over cosmic time, utilizing a sample of 10 million red giant stars with full chemodynamical information, including metallicities and α-abundances from low-resolution Gaia XP spectra. The evolution of angular momentum as a function of metallicity—a rough proxy for stellar age, particularly for high-[α/Fe] stars—displays three distinct phases: the disordered and chaotic protogalaxy, the kinematically hot old disk, and the kinematically cold young disk. The old high-α disk starts at [Fe/H] ≈ −1.0, “spinning up” from the nascent protogalaxy, and then exhibiting a smooth “cooldown” toward more ordered and circular orbits at higher metallicities. The young low-α disk is kinematically cold throughout its metallicity range, with its observed properties modulated by a strong radial gradient. We interpret these trends using Milky Way analogs from the TNG50 cosmological simulation, identifying one that closely matches the kinematic evolution of our galaxy. This halo’s protogalaxy spins up into a relatively thin and misaligned high-α disk at early times, which is subsequently heated and torqued by a major gas-rich merger. The merger contributes a large amount of low-metallicity gas and angular momentum, from which the kinematically cold low-α stellar disk is subsequently born. This simulated history parallels several observed features of the Milky Way, particularly the decisive Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus merger that likely occurred at z ≈ 2. Our results provide an all-sky perspective on the emerging picture of our galaxy’s three-phase formation, impelled by the three physical mechanisms of spinup, merger, and cooldown.
Ongoing and Fossil Large-scale Outflows Detected in a High-redshift Radio Galaxy: [C ii] Observations of TN J0924-2201 at z = 5.174
Authors: Lee Kianhong , Akiyama Masayuki , Kohno Kotaro , Iono Daisuke , Imanishi Masatoshi , Hatsukade Bunyo , Umehata Hideki , Nagao Tohru , Toba Yoshiki , Chen Xiaoyang , Egusa Fumi , Ichikawa Kohei , Izumi Takuma , Matsumoto Naoki , Schramm Malte , Matsuoka Kenta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of the [C ii] 158 μm line and the underlying continuum emission of TN J0924−2201, which is one of the most distant known radio galaxies at z > 5. The [C ii] line and 1 mm continuum emission are detected at the host galaxy. The systemic redshift derived from the [C ii] line is z
[C II] = 5.1736 ± 0.0002, indicating that the Lyα line is redshifted by a velocity of 1035 ± 10 km s−1, marking the largest velocity offset between the [C ii] and Lyα lines recorded at z > 5 to date. In the central region of the host galaxy, we identify a redshifted substructure of [C ii] with a velocity of 702 ± 17 km s−1, which is close to the C iv line with a velocity of 500 ± 10 km s−1. The position and the velocity offsets align with a model of an outflowing shell structure, consistent with the large velocity offset of Lyα. The nondetection of [C ii] and dust emission from the three CO(1–0)-detected companions indicates their different nature compared to dwarf galaxies, based on the photodissociation region model. Given their large velocity of ∼1500 km s−1, outflowing molecular clouds induced by the active galactic nucleus are the most plausible interpretation, and they may exceed the escape velocity of a 1013
M
⊙ halo. These results suggest that TN J0924−2201, with ongoing and fossil large-scale outflows, is in a distinctive phase of removing molecular gas from a central massive galaxy in an overdense region in the early Universe. A dusty H i absorber at the host galaxy is an alternative interpretation.
Should Zeros Count? Modeling the Galaxy–Globular Cluster Scaling Relation with(out) Zero-inflated Count Models
Authors: Berek Samantha C. , Eadie Gwendolyn M. , Speagle 沈 Joshua S. 佳士 , Wang Shu Yan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The scaling relation between the size of a galaxy’s globular cluster (GC) population (N
GC) and the galaxy’s stellar mass (M
*) is usually described with a continuous, linear model, but in reality it is a count relationship that should be modeled as such. For massive galaxies, a negative binomial (NB) model has been shown to describe the data well, but it is unclear how the scaling relation behaves at low galaxy masses where a substantial portion of galaxies have N
GC = 0. In this work, we test the utility of Poisson and NB models for describing the low-mass end of the N
GC−M
* scaling relation. We introduce the use of zero-inflated versions of these models, which allow for larger zero populations (e.g., galaxies without GCs) than would otherwise be predicted. We evaluate our models with a variety of predictive model comparison methods, including predictive intervals, the leave-one-out cross-validation criterion, and posterior predictive comparisons. We find that the NB model is consistent with our data, but the naive Poisson is not. Moreover, we find that zero inflation of the models is not necessary to describe the population of low-mass galaxies that lack GCs, suggesting that a single formation and evolutionary process acts over all galaxy masses. Under the NB model, there does not appear to be anything unique about the lack of GCs in many low-mass galaxies; they are simply the low-mass extension of the larger N
GC−M
* scaling relation.
Modeling the Far-infrared Polarization Spectrum of a High-mass Star-forming Cloud
Authors: Lee Dennis , Chen Che-Yu , Novak Giles , Chuss David T. , Cox Erin G. , Karpovich Kaitlyn , Ashton Peter , Berthoud Marc , Li Zhi-Yun , Michail Joseph M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The polarization spectrum, or wavelength dependence of the polarization fraction, of interstellar dust emission provides important insights into the grain alignment mechanism of interstellar dust grains. We investigate the far-infrared polarization spectrum of a realistic simulated high-mass star-forming cloud under various models of grain alignment and emission. We find that neither a homogeneous grain alignment model nor a grain alignment model that includes collisional dealignment is able to produce the falling spectrum seen in observations. On the other hand, we find that a grain alignment model with grain alignment efficiency dependent on local temperature is capable of producing a falling spectrum that is in qualitative agreement with observations of OMC-1. For the model most in agreement with OMC-1, we find no correlation between the temperature and the slope of the polarization spectrum. However, we do find a positive correlation between the column density and the slope of the polarization spectrum. We suggest this latter correlation to be the result of wavelength-dependent polarization by absorption.
A Multiwavelength, Multiepoch Monitoring Campaign of Accretion Variability in T Tauri Stars from the ODYSSEUS Survey. III. Optical Spectra*
Authors: Wendeborn John , Espaillat Catherine C. , Thanathibodee Thanawuth , Robinson Connor E. , Pittman Caeley V. , Calvet Nuria , Muzerolle James , Walter Fredrick M. , Eislöffel Jochen , Fiorellino Eleonora , Manara Carlo F. , Kóspál Ágnes , Ábrahám Péter , Claes Rik , Rigliaco Elisabetta , Venuti Laura , Campbell-White Justyn , McGinnis Pauline , Gangi Manuele , Mauco Karina , Gameiro Filipe , Frasca Antonio , Guo Zhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Classical T Tauri Stars (CTTSs) are highly variable stars that possess gas- and dust-rich disks from which planets form. Much of their variability is driven by mass accretion from the surrounding disk, a process that is still not entirely understood. A multiepoch optical spectral monitoring campaign of four CTTSs (TW Hya, RU Lup, BP Tau, and GM Aur) was conducted along with contemporaneous Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV spectra and ground-based photometry in an effort to determine accretion characteristics and gauge variability in this sample. Using an accretion flow model, we find that the magnetospheric truncation radius varies between 2.5 and 5 R
⋆ across all of our observations. There is also significant variability in all emission lines studied, particularly Hα, Hβ, and Hγ. Using previously established relationships between line luminosity and accretion, we find that, on average, most lines reproduce accretion rates consistent with accretion shock modeling of HST spectra to within 0.5 dex. Looking at individual contemporaneous observations, however, these relationships are less accurate, suggesting that variability trends differ from the trends of the population and that these empirical relationships should be used with caution in studies of variability.
Accretion Properties of Soft X-Ray Transient XTE J1856+053 during Its 2023 Outburst
Authors: Chatterjee Debjit , Jana Arghajit , Chang Hsiang-Kuang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Soft X-ray transients (SXTs) are a subclass of the low-mass X-ray binaries that occasionally show a sudden rise in their soft X-ray luminosity; otherwise, they remain in an extremely faint state. We investigate the accretion properties of the SXT XTE J1856+053 during its 2023 outburst obtained by NICER and NuSTAR data in July. We present detailed results on the timing and spectral analysis of the X-ray emission during the outburst. The power spectral density shows no quasi-periodic oscillation features. The source’s spectrum on July 19 can be well fitted with a multicolor blackbody component, a power-law component, and a reflection component with a broadened iron emission line. NICER spectra can be well fitted by considering a combination of a blackbody and a power law. The source exhibits a transition within just 5 days from a soft state to an intermediate state during the outburst decline phase. The inner accretion disk has a low inclination angle (∼18°). The spectral analysis also suggests a high-spin (a > 0.9) black hole as the central accreting object.
Preventing Prescribing Cascades: Ensuring Medication Safety for Older Adults
Authors: Wahler Robert G. , Olbrich Courtney L. , McCarthy Lisa M. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To define prescribing cascades (PCs) and provide tools to identify PCs, including the most common PCs described in the literature. PCs lead to the accumulation of medications prescribed to older adults, disproportionately affecting those who often have additional health care complexities, such as multiple chronic conditions and multiple transitions of care.

Method:
Review of recent research efforts to identify and describe evolving clinical practice interventions to detect and reverse PCs.

Results:
Clinicians can contribute to mitigating PCs through better understanding of how PCs occur in practice. Armed with this knowledge, clinical team members can implement proposed strategies and techniques to engage in primary and secondary prevention of PCs.

Conclusion:

Ultimately, PCs are a culprit of preventable medication harm. Several tools are presented, which are initiated through maintaining a high index of suspicion for PCs in the evaluation of a new symptom presentation by older patients. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(9), 7–11.]
Recruitment Strategies for a Technology-Based Fall Risk Assessment Research Study Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Ojo Eunice Oladepe , Thiamwong Ladda 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To describe successful strategies for the recruitment of diverse community-dwelling older adults for a technology-based fall risk assessment research study during the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Method:
In this cross-sectional study, 124 adults aged ≥60 years agreed to participate. We used several recruitment strategies, including social media platforms, local community centers, flyers, contacting key persons, word of mouth, and contacting participants from previous research projects.

Results:

Targeted and personalized strategies for recruitment, including contacting a key community leader (52.4%,
n
= 65) and communication with friends and family members (46.7%,
n
= 58), were the most successful. One (0.8%) participant was recruited from a prior research project. In contrast, individuals were not recruited from posted flyers and social media.

Conclusion:

Recruitment can be improved with word of mouth and contacting key persons, such as community leaders, which can be achieved by building a trusted relationship between researchers and community leaders. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(9), 18–23.]
Abstract 25: Glycemic variability of oral semaglutide versus empagliflozin: A post hoc analysis of PIONEER 2
Authors: Shabeer D , Montanya E , Abildlund M T , Kreiner E B , Mosenzon O , Rosenlund S , Vilsbøll T 
Published: August 2024

Glycemic variability is associated with markers of microvascular and macrovascular complications and impacts quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to both improve HbA1c concentration and reduce glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. GLP-1RAs increase insulin secretion and suppress glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner, which may partly explain their ability to reduce glycemic variability. However, it is not clear if HbA1c influences the effect of GLP-1RAs on glycemic variability. Oral semaglutide, the first GLP-1RA available as an oral formulation, is effective at reducing HbA1c vs a range of comparators, but its effect on glycemic variability needs to be understood. Therefore, we have assessed the change in glycemic variability and its possible relationship with HbA1c in a 52-week randomized, open-label trial (PIONEER 2) comparing oral semaglutide with the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on metformin. The seven-point self-measured blood glucose profile (7-point SMBG) was assessed at baseline and at weeks 26 and 52 in the PIONEER 2 trial. The standard deviation (SD) of the measurements in the 7-point SMBG profile was used as a measure of glycemic variability. An additional post-hoc mediation analysis was performed to explore the indirect effect of HbA1c concentration on the direct relationship between treatment and glycemic variability (the SD of the 7-point SMBG) at weeks 26 and 52. The results showed that the SD of the 7-point SMBG at baseline for the once-daily oral semaglutide 14 mg (N=411) and empagliflozin 25 mg (N=410) treatment arms was 2.06 and 2.05 mmol/l, respectively. The change from baseline in the SD of the 7-point SMBG in the oral semaglutide and empagliflozin arms was -0.67 and -0.44 mmol/l, respectively, at week 26, and -0.69 and -0.49 mmol/l, respectively, at week 52. The treatment differences (95% CI) for the SD of the 7-point SMBG for oral semaglutide vs empagliflozin at weeks 26 and 52 were -0.23 (-0.33, -0.12; p<0.0001) and -0.20 (-0.31, -0.09; p=0.0003) mmol/l, respectively. The mediation analysis showed that the indirect effect of HbA1c accounted for -0.06 (-0.10, -0.02; p=0.0029) and -0.03 (-0.06, 0.00; p=0.08) mmol/l of the treatment difference for the SD of the 7-point SMBG at weeks 26 and 52, respectively. In conclusion the oral semaglutide significantly reduces glycemic variability, as assessed by the SD of the 7-point SMBG, compared with empagliflozin, and most of this effect was not explained by an indirect effect of HbA1c.
Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02863328
Abstract 59: Prenatal predictive factors and prevalence of early postpartum maternal dysglycemia in patients with gestational diabetes
Authors: Bhat Javaid Ahmad , Mir Shahnaz Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Background: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have increased risk of postpartum diabetes which may be further exacerbated by fat accretion during pregnancy and post-partum deterioration in lifestyle behaviours.

Aims and objectives: To determine prenatal predictive factors and prevalence of maternal dysglycemia at 6-12weeks postpartum in patients with GDM.

Results: In this prospective cohort study, of 118 subjects recruited initially, only 83 (81.3%) followed for postpartum screening. Among them 38.56%, 22.89% and 8.43% had family history of Diabetes Mellitus, Previous history of GDM and PCOD respectively. We observed that 62.7% reverted to NGT postpartum, however; 8.4%, 3.6%, 10.8% and14.5% had IFG, IGT, IFG+IGT and overt DM respectively.
In univariate analysis, BMI (p=0.001), family history of DM (p=0.008), PCOD (p=0.012), impaired fasting glucose (p<0.001), HbA1c at diagnosis (p<0.001) and fetal macrosomia (p=0.019) were the risk factors for postpartum diabetes. However on Multivariate analyses, only HbA1c at diagnosis, Family history of DM and BMI showed statistically significant association with postpartum diabetes.

Conclusion: GDM patients have a high prevalence of postpartum glucose intolerance and diabetes. The prenatal risk factors identified could be useful for prenatal risk stratification for early detection and interventions to reduce the risk of progression and complications of diabetes mel.
The Interaction of Zinc as an Essential Trace Element with Leishmania Parasites: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aghaei Maryam , Aghaei Shahrzad , Kouhiyan Mahbobeh , Shahmoradi Zabihollah , Hejazi Seyed H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The trace element of zinc (Zn) has shown great effectiveness in control of leishmaniasis infection. Hence, the present study conducted a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the zinc effect in the treatment or prevention of leishmaniasis.

Materials and Methods:
A systematic literature search was performed of all articles published in PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases (1997–2023). The search terms were “zinc” OR “cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL)” OR “visceral leishmaniasis (VL)”.

Results:
Initial search yielded 89 citations, and 59 subjects were included. Data showed the zinc serum level in CL patients was lower than controls. Also, in vitro studies of zinc were more effective against L. tropica and L. major promastigotes compared to the amastigotes. Moreover, in vivo studies did not show destructive effects of zinc on the mammalian cell viability like macrophages. Furthermore, zinc depletion by specific chelators affected L. donovani survival and growth through promoting apoptosis and reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms.

Conclusion:
The serum level determination of zinc could be useful for estimating the leishmaniasis pathophysiology. Environmentally or genetically determined increases in zinc levels might augment resístanse to CL. In contrast, zinc depletion using a zinc-specific chelator could be effective treatment of VL in endemic areas.
Analysis of transfusion-related acute lung injury cases investigated in Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Mazlan Ailin Mazuita , Hassan Afifah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:

CONTEXT:
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) which is associated with passive transfer of antibodies to leukocyte antigens in blood products causes serious morbidity and mortality. Blood donation centers need to determine the best measure to mitigate the risk of TRALI.

AIM:
This study was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of blood donors implicated in TRALI cases and donors who were found to have human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies.

SETTING AND DESIGN:
This was a cross-sectional study based on a retrospective record review in the Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, National Blood Centre, Kuala Lumpur.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
All cases investigated for TRALI from January 2017 to February 2022 were included. Donor’s variables analyzed include age, gender, race, history of alloimmunization, and result of HLA antibody test. Corresponding HLA antigen in recipient, recipient outcome and implicated blood product were also studied.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.

RESULTS:
Twenty-seven cases of TRALI with 37 donors were investigated. Majority of the donors were female (73%). Packed red cell was the most frequently implicated blood product (70.3%). There were significant associations between gender (P = 0.029) and history of pregnancy (P = 0.014) with the presence of HLA antibody in the donors. Multiparous donors with HLA antibodies have a higher number of pregnancies compared to their counterparts (mean = 3.93 [1.69] vs. 2.20 [0.84]) with a significant difference (P = 0.044).

CONCLUSION:
The characteristics of blood donors and blood products implicated in TRALI cases and donors who have HLA antibodies were identified. The impact of deferring certain blood donor group needs to be determined before the most appropriate TRALI mitigation strategy can be implemented.
The burden of thalassemia disorder: Past and present: The feedback of patients experience in the COVID-19 pandemic crisis
Authors: Arioua Anis , Shaw David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Thalassemia is a genetic blood condition and one of the emerging global public health concerns in the world, with an estimated prevalence of 300,000,000 . The genes controlling hemoglobin production are affected, leading to an anemia of variable severity. Carriers of this hereditary anemia are found globally, but a high frequency is observed around the Mediterranean basin, in the Middle East, in the Indian subcontinent, and in Southeast Asia, so called the thalassemia belt. This article aims to review the history and factors of spreading of thalassemia, to identify the burden of the disease on individuals, population, and public health, and the issues that thalassemia patients have experienced during the pandemic of COVID-19. Online literature and previous studies on the disease are used to prepare this article. We identified various factors that have contributed to the spread of thalassemia in the last decades and affected the health condition of individuals and population. The recent worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 worsened the situation and made it more complicated for most patients, especially in the emerging countries.
A follow-up study of blood donors with vasovagal reaction – Three years’ experience
Authors: Kumatagi Shivanand Hemant , Akash J. , Rajendran Vinu , Nair Amita Radhakrishnan , Gupta Debasish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:

AIM:
The aim of this study was to find out the incidence of seizure recurrence among blood donors who developed vasovagal reaction (VVR).

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
A prospective survey-based study conducted at the department of transfusion medicine of a tertiary care referral hospital in southern India.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
All donors who were diagnosed with VVR and loss of consciousness with or without convulsions during 3½ years study period were telephonically contacted to a maximum of 3 times. Whether they experienced a repeat episode of convulsions during 6-month follow-up period irrespective of blood donation was enquired.

RESULTS:
Out of 66 donors who were included in the study, 45 (68%) donors could be successfully contacted. One donor out of 45 (2.22%) had developed a repeat episode of seizure 5 months postdonation. However, she also had a previous history of seizures which was not revealed during the medical examination.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study shows that the VVR with convulsions during blood donation can trigger a secondary episode if the donor had convulsions in their past before donation. We did not find any donor who developed a new seizure episode without a past history of seizure. However, more studies are needed to confirm the same.