bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CpG island methylator phenotype of myelodysplastic syndrome identified through genome‐wide profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Feng , Li Shuang , Liu Meixia , Ying Shaoxu , Jia Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoqin 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is an epigenetic phenomenon and plays an important role in tumourigenesis in various cancers. The identification of aberrant DNA methylation can be exploited for early diagnosis and risk assessment of patients. We identified a CIMP in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Genes were screened for hypermethylation and transcription downregulation through genome‐wide DNA methylation profiling and gene expression microarrays. Methylation‐specific, real‐time, and bisulfite‐sequencing polymerase chain reaction were performed to validate selected genes. The hypermethylation of genes as a diagnostic tool for the detection of MDS was evaluated. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox regression were performed. A draft of an MDS CIMP was established and revised to 6 genes after validation in 20 patients and 20 controls. Further large‐scale analysis showed that the majority of 211 MDS patients were hypermethylated in 6 genes. The area under the curve of CIMP was 0·9768 (95% confidence interval 0·9609–0·9928). A combination of 5 or more of the methylated genes showed a specificity of 95% and sensitivity of 91% for the diagnosis of MDS. We found CIMP positivity to be a significantly unfavourable prognostic factor for MDS. These results indicate that the newly established CIMP may improve diagnostic accuracy and prognosis assessment in MDS.
“It's not only for sick people”: The place of the local hospital in a rural northern Ontario community
Authors: Wiersma Elaine C. , Koster Rhonda 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe research explored in this paper is part of a larger project examining the experiences of aging‐in‐place in a rural, northern Ontario context where communities are in a state of economic instability or transition. We focused on a case study of one community in northwestern Ontario, and explored the role and social place of the hospital in a small rural northern town using focused ethnography. In total, 84 people were interviewed, including older adults, health service providers, and other community members. The local hospital played a significant role in the community. The hospital was viewed not only as a community resource and an institution that served the needs of the community, but participants described the hospital in ways that reflected the place of the local hospital in the community. Three main themes were evident emerging from this work: the hospital as a source of community uniqueness, the hospital as a source of security, and the hospital as a source of community development. The findings highlight the importance of a local community hospital, both in terms of added value and community identity.
The impact of delivering GP training on the clinical high risk and first‐episode psychosis on referrals and pathways to care
Authors: Reynolds Nicky , Wuyts Philippe , Badger Steven , Fusar‐Poli Paolo , McGuire Philip , Valmaggia Lucia 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThis project explored the impact of a general practitioner (GP) training programme on referrals and pathways to care for people at high clinical risk of psychosis or with a first‐episode psychosis. The resources needed to deliver the training were measured to help inform other teams considering this approach. Satisfaction with the training was also explored.MethodsAll of the GP (48) practices in the London Borough of Southwark were approached. Presentations were given on the symptoms of a clinical high‐risk state and the first signs of psychosis alongside information on how to access the teams. Referrals to the prodromal and first‐episode teams 6 months before and after the training were recorded. Resources needed to deliver the training in terms of staff time were recorded. A questionnaire on attendees' satisfaction with the training was given.ResultsSixty per cent of eligible practices received education. On average, it took 2 h for every two staff members each to deliver the training. Over the 12‐month period, the teams received 148 referrals. The training led to a significant increase in referrals to the two specialized teams and a significant increase in direct referrals to the teams from GPs. Attendees were satisfied with the training.ConclusionsThis study indicates that GP education programmes are a viable and acceptable way of increasing the identification of young people at high clinical risk for psychosis or with a first‐episode psychosis and increasing direct referrals to specialist teams.
Utility of foramen ovale electrodes in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sheth Sameer A. , Aronson Joshua P. , Shafi Mouhsin M. , Phillips H. Westley , Velez‐Ruiz Naymee , Walcott Brian P. , Kwon Churl‐Su , Mian Matthew K. , Dykstra Andrew R. , Cole Andrew , Eskandar Emad N. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectivesTo determine the ability of foramen ovale electrodes (FOEs) to localize epileptogenic foci after inconclusive noninvasive investigations in patients with suspected mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).MethodsWe identified patients with medically intractable epilepsy who had undergone FOE investigation for initial invasive monitoring at our institution between 2005 and 2012. Indications for initiating FOE investigation were grouped into four categories: (1) bilateral anterior temporal ictal activity on scalp electroencephalography (EEG), (2) unclear laterality of scalp EEG onset due to muscle artifact or significant delay following clinical manifestation, (3) discordance between ictal and interictal discharges, and (4) investigation of a specific anatomic abnormality or competing putative focus. The FOE investigation was classified as informative if it provided sufficient evidence to make a treatment decision.ResultsForty‐two consecutive patients underwent FOE investigation, which was informative in 38 patients (90.5%). Of these 38 patients, 24 were determined to be appropriate candidates for resective surgery. Five were localized sufficiently for surgery, but were considered high risk for verbal memory deficit, and nine were deemed poor surgical candidates because of bilateral ictal origins. The remaining 4 of 42 patients had inconclusive FOE studies and were referred for further invasive investigation. Of the 18 patients who underwent resective surgery, 13 (72%) were seizure‐free (Engel class I) at last follow‐up (mean 22.5 months).SignificanceMore than 90% of our 42 FOE studies provided sufficient evidence to render treatment decisions. When undertaken with an appropriate hypothesis, FOE investigations are a minimally invasive and efficacious means for evaluating patients with suspected MTLE after an inconclusive noninvasive investigation.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
1DTempPro: Analyzing Temperature Profiles for Groundwater/Surface‐water Exchange
Authors: Voytek Emily B. , Drenkelfuss Anja , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , Healy Richard , Lane John W. , Werkema Dale 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new computer program, 1DTempPro, is presented for the analysis of vertical one‐dimensional (1D) temperature profiles under saturated flow conditions. 1DTempPro is a graphical user interface to the U.S. Geological Survey code Variably Saturated 2‐Dimensional Heat Transport (VS2DH), which numerically solves the flow and heat‐transport equations. Pre‐ and postprocessor features allow the user to calibrate VS2DH models to estimate vertical groundwater/surface‐water exchange and also hydraulic conductivity for cases where hydraulic head is known.
A Phenomenological Model for Particle Retention in Single, Saturated Fractures
Authors: Rodrigues Sandrina , Dickson Sarah 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFractured aquifers are some of the most poorly characterized subsurface environments despite posing one of the highest risks to the protection of potable groundwater. This research was designed to improve the understanding of the factors affecting particle transport through fractures by developing a phenomenological model based on laboratory‐scale transport data. The model presented in this research employed data from over 70 particle tracer tests conducted in single, saturated, variable‐aperture fractures that were obtained from the natural environment and fractured in the laboratory or cast from epoxy in the laboratory. The particles employed were Escherichia coli RS2‐GFP and microspheres. The tracer experiments were conducted in natural (dolomitic limestone and granite) as well as epoxy replicas of the natural fractures. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the most important factors influencing particle retention in fractures are the ratio of the ionic strength of solution to collector charge, the ratio of particle to collector charge, and the ratio of advective to diffusive forces as described by the Peclet number. The model was able to reasonably (R2 = 0.64) predict the fraction of particles retained; however, it is evident that some factors not accounted for in the model also contributed to retention. This research presents a novel approach to understanding particle transport in fractures, and illustrates the relative importance of various factors affecting the transport mechanisms. The utility of this model lies in the increased understanding of particle transport in fractures, which is extremely useful for directing future research.
Another Colonialism: Africa in the History of European Integration
Authors: Hansen Peo , Jonsson Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractToday's European Union was founded in a 1950s marked by its member states' involvement in numerous colonial conflicts and with the colonial question firmly entrenched on the European and international agenda. This notwithstanding, there is hardly any scholarly investigations to date that have examined colonialism's bearing on the historical project and process of European integration. In tackling this puzzle, the present article proceeds in two steps. First, it corroborates the claim that European integration not only is related to the history of colonialism but to no little extent determined by it. Second, it introduces a set of factors that explain why the relation between the EU and colonialism has been systematically neglected. Here the article seeks to identify the operations of a colonial epistemology that has facilitated a misrecognition of what postwar European integration was about. As the article argues, this epistemology has enabled colonialism's historical relation to the European integration project to remain undetected and has thus also reproduced within the present EU precisely those colonial or neo‐colonial preconceptions that the European partner states, in official discourse and policy, falsely claim that they have abandoned.
Activation of Systemic Resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae in Rice by Substances Produced by Fusarium solani Isolated from Soil
Authors: Chern Lih‐Ling , Lin Hsiu‐Chuan , Chang Chieh‐Ting , Ko Wen‐Hsiung 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOf 70 micro‐organisms (fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes) isolated from soil using vegetable tissue baits, 16 produced substances in culture fluids capable of preventing the development of blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae on rice leaves with little or no inhibitory effect on the conidial germination of the pathogen. Isolate KS‐F14, which secreted substances capable of activating resistance in untreated leaves, was selected and identified as Fusarium solani. The resistance‐inducing substances were effective at pH values ranging from 5 to 10 and were stable under high temperatures, maintaining approximately the same level of activity even after autoclaving for 20 min. After application, the activated resistance in rice leaves persisted for 14 days. The polar solvent extracts of freeze‐dried KS‐F14 secretions were effective in activating resistance against M. oryzae in rice plants. The non‐polar solvent extracts were also effective, albeit not as effective as the polar solvent extracts, indicating that although the majority of the secreted resistance‐inducing compounds are hydrophilic, some of the compounds are hydrophobic. Treating secretions with cation or anion exchange resins only partially reduced their resistance‐inducing ability, suggesting that the resistance‐inducing components include both charged and non‐charged compounds. The resistance‐inducing compounds produced by F. solani have the potential to be developed into a commercial product for the control of rice blast and possibly other plant diseases.
The working experiences of novice psychiatric nurses in Taiwanese culture: a phenomenological study
Authors: Hung B‐J. , Huang X‐Y. , Cheng J‐F. , Wei S‐J. , Lin M‐J. 
Published: March 2014

Accessible summary
Novice psychiatric nurses work in a profession that is poorly regarded and receive insufficient training in Taiwan.
Struggling, emulating, prevailing and belonging were experienced by novice nurses as they worked towards becoming a part of the psychiatric nursing staff.
Awareness of problems such as lacking a sense of security, professional competency and having little understanding of mental illness is needed in order to help nurses in providing appropriate care for clients.
AbstractNovice psychiatric nurses experience heavy workloads, insufficient training and support in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to understand the working experiences of novice psychiatric nurses during their first year in a clinical setting. A qualitative phenomenological approach, using semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews was used. Narratives were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven‐step method. Data saturation was reached after interviews were conducted with 15 nurses based on the purposive sampling. Four themes and eight sub‐themes were identified: struggling (lacking a sense of security and competency), emulating (learning the process of interaction with clients and families, learning an appropriate role from nursing staff), prevailing (developing core competency, creating a therapeutic environment) and belonging (coping with the job, becoming a part of the psychiatric nursing staff). The findings from this study demonstrate that nurses are often inadequately prepared for psychiatric nursing. They have little understanding of mental illness, are unable to communicate appropriately with clients and struggle to cope with the conditions. Our study supports the importance for helping nurses to improve their essential knowledge and skills for coping with the job and providing good quality care, particularly in the first year.
Metabolic parameters and their relationship to energy balance in multiparous Simmental, Brown Swiss and Holstein cows in the periparturient period as influenced by energy supply pre‐ and post‐calving
Authors: Urdl M. , Gruber L. , Obritzhauser W. , Schauer A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryA study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three energy supply (E) levels [low (L), medium (M), high (H)], both pre‐partum (PRE) and post‐partum (POST), and their interactions on metabolic parameters and energy balance (EB) in dairy cows of three breeds. In both phases, E levels applied to a total of 81 multiparous cows of breeds Simmental (SI), Brown Swiss (BS) and Holstein–Friesian (HF; n = 27 for each breed) were 75%, 100% and 125% of recommendations of the German Society of Nutrition Physiology, using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. During the pre‐calving period, serum concentrations of non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were higher for LPRE cows, and glucose concentrations were elevated for HPRE cows. During the lactation period, NEFA concentrations were greatest for treatment LPOST. Mean concentrations of β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were highest for cows of the LPOST treatment, intermediate for MPOST and lowest for HPOST. Glucose concentrations were lower for LPOST cows. SI cows had lower BHB concentrations both pre‐ and post‐calving and higher glucose concentrations during early lactation than the other breeds. BHB concentration POST was highest for BS cows. Restricted feeding PRE resulted in a better energy status of cows fed above energy requirements POST (EPRE × EPOST interaction). HF cows had a higher EB pre‐calving, whereas SI cows had a less negative EB during early lactation, compared with the other breeds respectively. Correlations of serum NEFA, BHB and glucose concentrations with EB were strongest during the transition period. Results suggest that controlling energy intake during the dry period might be advantageous for the energy status of dairy cows after calving, whereas energy restriction in early lactation leads to metabolic stress. Evidence is provided of a clear relationship between EB and the blood metabolites NEFA and BHB, especially in the transition period.
Cloacal prolapses in reptiles: a retrospective study of 56 cases
Authors: Hedley J. , Eatwell K. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVESTo review the types of cloacal prolapses seen in reptiles and to investigate potential risk factors which may be associated with the presence of a cloacal prolapse.METHODRetrospective review of medical records of all reptile cases evaluated at the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies between 1999 and 2013; only cases which had a history of cloacal prolapse were included in the study.RESULTSProlapses were identified in 56 of 3019 (1·9%) reptiles examined over the study period. Prolapses were 3·47 times as likely in chelonians and lizards compared to snakes. There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalence of prolapses in males and females. Females were 7·5 times more likely to present with a true cloacal prolapse involving no other organs compared to males, and were 4·83 times more likely to present with a prolapse of the colon.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThese results suggest that cloacal prolapses are not a common occurrence but that species and sex may both influence the prevalence and type of cases seen.
Impact of infection on the prognosis of critically ill cirrhotic patients: results from a large worldwide study
Authors: Gustot Thierry , Felleiter Peter , Pickkers Peter , Sakr Yasser , Rello Jordi , Velissaris Dimitrios , Pierrakos Charalampos , Taccone Fabio S , Sevcik Pavel , Moreno Christophe , Vincent Jean‐Louis ,   the EPIC II Group of Investigators
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfections are a leading cause of death in patients with advanced cirrhosis, but there are relatively few data on the epidemiology of infection in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with cirrhosis.AimsWe used data from the Extended Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) II 1‐day point‐prevalence study to better define the characteristics of infection in these patients.MethodsWe compared characteristics, including occurrence and types of infections in non‐cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients who had not undergone liver transplantation.ResultsThe EPIC II database includes 13 796 adult patients from 1265 ICUs: 410 of the patients had cirrhosis. The prevalence of infection was higher in cirrhotic than in non‐cirrhotic patients (59 vs. 51%, P < 0.01). The lungs were the most common site of infection in all patients, but abdominal infections were more common in cirrhotic than in non‐cirrhotic patients (30 vs. 19%, P < 0.01). Infected cirrhotic patients more often had Gram‐positive (56 vs. 47%, P < 0.05) isolates than did infected non‐cirrhotic patients. Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was more frequent in cirrhotic patients. The hospital mortality rate of cirrhotic patients was 42%, compared to 24% in the non‐cirrhotic population (P < 0.001). Severe sepsis and septic shock were associated with higher in‐hospital mortality rates in cirrhotic than in non‐cirrhotic patients (41% and 71% vs. 30% and 49%, respectively, P < 0.05).ConclusionsInfection is more common in cirrhotic than in non‐cirrhotic ICU patients and more commonly caused by Gram‐positive organisms, including MRSA. Infection in patients with cirrhosis was associated with higher mortality rates than in non‐cirrhotic patients.
Sedentary urchins influence benthic community composition below the macroalgal zone
Authors: Lowe Alexander T. , Whippo Ross , Galloway Aaron W. E. , Britton‐Simmons Kevin H. , Dethier Megan N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSea urchins are important ecosystem engineers in subtidal ecosystems worldwide, providing biogenic structure and altering nutrient dynamics through intensive grazing and drift algal capture. The current work evaluates red urchin (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) density on fixed transects through time, individual displacement, and urchin‐associated benthic community composition using a field‐based approach at multiple depths (in and outside of the macroalgal zone) and replicated across sites in the San Juan Archipelago, Washington. Urchins exhibited no large‐scale, temporal or directional changes in density among depths. Furthermore, 87% of individual urchins observed in repeated small‐scale surveys over 3 weeks exhibited no change in position. Individual displacement was negatively correlated to drift algal capture. Evidence of sedentary behavior from the displacement surveys was supported by the sessile and mobile community composition in areas directly under versus adjacent to (control) urchins. The benthos under urchins had a higher percentage of bare space, crustose coralline algae, and increased density of snails, crabs and shrimp relative to associated control plots. Abundance of mobile organisms associating with urchins increased relative to control plots at the deepest survey depth (30 m), indicating a greater strength of interaction with distance from macroalgal production. This work presents evidence of food availability‐related behavior in red urchins and indicates that even when sedentary, urchins have a strong influence on ecosystem structure through increasing availability of shelter and macroalgal detritus to the benthos.
Aerial hearing thresholds and detection of hearing loss in male California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) using auditory evoked potentials
Authors: Mulsow Jason , Houser Dorian S. , Finneran James J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAuditory evoked potential (AEP) measurements are useful for describing the variability of hearing among individuals in marine mammal populations, an important consideration in terms of basic biology and the design of noise mitigation criteria. In this study, hearing thresholds were measured for 16 male California sea lions at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 32 kHz using the auditory steady state‐response (ASSR), a frequency‐specific AEP. Audiograms for most sea lions were grossly similar to previously reported psychophysical data in that hearing sensitivity increased with increasing frequency up to a steep reduction in sensitivity between 16 and 32 kHz. Average thresholds were not different from AEP thresholds previously reported for male and female California sea lions. Two sea lions from the current study exhibited abnormal audiograms: a 26‐yr‐old sea lion had impaired hearing with a high‐frequency hearing limit (HFHL) between 8 and 16 kHz, and an 8‐yr‐old sea lion displayed elevated thresholds across most tested frequencies. The auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) for these two individuals and an additional 26‐yr‐old sea lion were aberrant compared to those of other sea lions. Hearing loss may have fitness implications for sea lions that rely on sound during foraging and reproductive activities.