bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Bone Spur Formation in Psoriatic Arthritis Is Different From Bone Spur Formation in Hand Osteoarthritis
Authors: Finzel Stephanie , Sahinbegovic Enijad , Kocijan Roland , Engelke Klaus , Englbrecht Matthias , Schett Georg 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the different patterns of bone spur formation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and hand osteoarthritis (OA), using high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT).MethodsThe study group comprised 70 subjects (25 patients with PsA, 25 patients with hand OA, and 20 healthy controls). The 2 patient groups were similar with regard to age and sex distribution and clinical involvement of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. All patients underwent high‐resolution peripheral QCT scanning of the second, third, and fourth MCP joints of the dominantly affected hand. Demographic and disease‐specific data were recorded, and the number, size, and distribution of bone spurs were assessed and compared between patients with PsA and patients with hand OA.ResultsThe overall number and size of bone spurs were similar in patients with PsA and patients with hand OA. However, localization of lesions within individual joints was substantially different between patients with PsA and those with hand OA. In PsA, bone spurs dominated the radial sides of the joints (for the metacarpal head of the second joint, P < 0.001 versus hand OA; for the base of the second phalangeal joint, P < 0.001 versus hand OA), whereas the palmar and dorsal quadrants were the predilection sites in hand OA. Detailed anatomic analysis showed that bone spurs in the entheseal regions were prominent in patients with PsA but rare in patients with hand OA, and that bone spurs in patients with hand OA typically emerged at the cartilage–bone interphase and the joint margins.ConclusionOur findings show that the overall number and size of bone spurs are similar in patients with PsA and patients with hand OA. Nonetheless, the anatomic sites of bone proliferation are different between these 2 groups of patients.
A stochastic computational model for yellow time determination and its application
Authors: Wang Fen , Tang Keshuang , Li Keping 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThis paper proposes a stochastic model to determine the yellow time according to the occurring probability of Type‐I dilemma zone (PDZ). Unlike the conventional methods generally based on the deterministic traffic flow theory, the proposed model fully accounts for the randomness of input variables such as approaching speed, deceleration rate, perception‐and‐reaction time, and distance to stop‐line at the yellow onset. A theoretical model is firstly established, and a computational program incorporating Monte Carlo Simulation is then developed to facilitate its general solution. These two alternative solution approaches to derive PDZ and Y are proposed, depending upon whether D/V and (τ + V/2d) follow certain analytical distributions or not. In addition, field data at a typical high‐speed highway intersection are collected to validate the model. Based on the validated model, comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to look into the entire picture of the relationship between PDZ and the distributions as well as correlations of the input variables. To demonstrate the application of the proposed model, the required yellow times for various conditions are calculated based on the acceptable levels of PDZ, and representative application tables for typical cases are finally provided. With the aid of the proposed methodology, traffic engineers are capable of designing yellow time in a more sophisticated manner. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of methanol on lipases: Molecular, kinetic and process issues in the production of biodiesel
Authors: Lotti Marina , Pleiss Jürgen , Valero Francisco , Ferrer Pau 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe biotechnological production of biodiesel is based on transesterification/esterification reactions between a source of fatty acids and a short‐chain alcohol, usually methanol, catalysed by enzymes belonging to the class known as lipases. Several lipases used in industrial processes, although stable in the presence of other organic solvents, are inactivated by methanol at or below the concentration optimal for biodiesel production, making it necessary to use stepwise methanol feeding or pre‐treatment of the enzyme. In this review article we focus on what is currently know about methanol inactivation of lipases, a phenomenon which is not common to all lipase enzymes, with the goal of improving the biocatalytic process. We suggest that different mechanisms can lead to inactivation of different lipases, in particular substrate inhibition and protein unfolding. Attempts to improve the performances of methanol sensitive lipases by mutagenesis as well as process engineering approaches are also summarized
Poverty Reduction through Empowerment for Sustainable Development: A Proactive Strategy of Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Kao Tzu‐Yi , Chen Jason C. H. , Wu Ji‐Tsung Ben , Yang Ming‐Hsien 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTargeting the serious poverty problem of the world, this study proposes a proactive strategy for enterprises to fulfill their corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study interprets the cause of poverty from the perspectives of human capital theory and labor market theory, and examines the business functions that can be deployed in helping the poor from an empowerment theory perspective. The study includes the development of a model for enterprises to help poverty reduction and illustrates how this model has been implemented using the case study method. The results show that from an individual perspective, corporations can enhance the working abilities of the poor by sharing technologies and resources and providing skills training and education. From a social/structural perspective, corporations can establish poverty reduction businesses to provide poor people with job opportunities, or introduce social network resources to assist poor people in starting a business. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Cognitive deficits as an endophenotype for anorexia nervosa: An accepted fact or a need for re‐examination?
Authors: Talbot Amy , Hay Phillipa , Buckett Geoffrey , Touyz Stephen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate whether impaired set shifting and weak central coherence represent state or trait characteristics and, therefore, candidate endophenotypes of anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodForty‐nine individuals with lifetime AN (24 acutely unwell, 10 weight recovered, and 15 fully recovered) and 43 healthy controls completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and the Rey Complex Figure Task measuring cognitive flexibility, local processing, and global processing, respectively. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing eating disorder, anxiety and depressive symptoms, obsessional traits, interpersonal functioning, and quality of life. Body mass index was calculated from height and weight measurements.ResultsParticipants with lifetime AN demonstrated poorer set shifting ability than healthy controls as evidenced by a greater number of perseverative errors on the WCST. When participants were grouped according to illness status, only those in the two recovered groups demonstrated poorer set shifting ability than healthy controls while patients with acute AN performed comparably to all other groups. There were no significant differences between groups on measures of local and global processing. No relationship was found between specific clinical features of AN and cognitive performance.DiscussionThe results of this study are consistent with a global trend toward set shifting difficulties in patients with AN but do not support weak central coherence as a candidate endophenotype for AN. These findings have clinical implications in terms of treatment selection and planning, particularly in relation to the use of cognitive remediation therapy with patients with AN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:15–25)
Innovation and the Role of Collaborative Planning in Local Clean Energy Policy
Authors: Pitt Damian , Bassett Ellen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe adoption of clean energy policies is becoming more common among US localities, but is still far from universal. Policy innovation theory suggests that some shared internal characteristics should distinguish the localities that adopt those policies from others that do not. Based on a survey of US local government officials, and supplementary data from the US Census, we use multiple regression analysis to identify those distinguishing characteristics. We find that collaborative planning approaches play a crucial role in helping localities build the local civic capacity necessary to adopt these innovative policies. Our results reinforce prior studies which have found that citizen participation and stakeholder participation in planning processes can help to foster the development of innovative local policies for sustainability and climate change mitigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Cross‐Scale Linkages in Connectivity Conservation: Adaptive governance challenges in spatially distributed networks
Authors: Wyborn Carina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAdaptive governance aspires to support learning and experimentation through polycentric and collaborative approaches. Collaborative decision‐making focused around a particular problem or region, the ideal suggests, enables actors to have greater flexibility to experiment, learn and respond to the particularities of their landscape. This paper examines the theoretical promise of adaptive governance through an in‐depth case study of a connectivity conservation initiative in Australia. Habitat 141° is a network of public, private and civil society actors seeking to align conservation actions dispersed across large spatial scales. In addition to well‐established challenges to collaborative practice, sustaining the complex governance arrangements intended to connect local‐to‐regional scales undermined Habitat 141°’s capacity to provide vertical and horizontal connections between scales of decision‐making. Without these linkages, Habitat 141°’s envisaged governance structure was unable to support the necessary functions of coordination and self‐organization critical to polycentric governance. This paper highlights challenges to collective action in spatially distributed networks, providing critical empirical insight into the practical challenges of adaptive governance in nested, collaborative, polycentric networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
T‐bet modulates the antibody response and immune protection during murine malaria
Authors: Oakley Miranda S. , Sahu Bikash R. , Lotspeich‐Cole Leda , Majam Victoria , Thao Pham Phuong , Sengupta Banerjee Aditi , Kozakai Yukiko , Morris Sheldon L. , Kumar Sanjai 
Published: July 2014

CD4+ T‐cell subtypes govern the synthesis of different Ab isotypes and other immune functions. The influence of CD4+ T‐cell differentiation programs on isotype switching and other aspects of host immunological networks during malaria infection are currently poorly understood. Here, we used Tbx21−/− mice deficient for T‐bet, a regulator of Th1 CD4+ T‐cell differentiation, to examine the effect of Th1 CD4+ T cells on the immune protection to nonlethal murine malaria Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL. We found that Tbx21−/− mice exhibited significantly lower parasite burden that correlated with elevated levels of IgG1, indicating that T‐bet‐dependent Ab isotype switching may be responsible for lower parasite burden. Absence of T‐bet was also associated with a transient but significant loss of T cells during the infection, suggesting that T‐bet may suppress malaria‐induced apoptosis or induce proliferation of T cells. However, Tbx21−/− mice produced greater numbers of Foxp3+CD25+ regulatory CD4+ T cells, which may contribute to the early contraction of T cells. Lastly, Tbx21−/− mice exhibited unimpaired production of IFN‐γ by a diverse repertoire of immune cell subsets and a selective expansion of IFN‐γ‐producing T cells. These observations may have implications in malaria vaccine design.
Aerial CO2 Trapped as CO32– Ions in a Dimeric Capsule That Efficiently Extracts Chromate, Sulfate, and Thiosulfate from Water by Anion‐Exchange Metathesis
Authors: Dutta Ranjan , Chakraborty Sourav , Bose Purnandhu , Ghosh Pradyut 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine‐based (tren‐based) 3‐cyanophenyl‐substituted tripodal urea L1, one of the familiar urea‐based anion receptors, has shown encapsulation of CO32– ions as the carbonate capsule [(L1)2·(CO3)·(TBA)2] (1, TBA = tetrabutylammonium) by the fixation of aerial carbon dioxide from basic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis confirmed the encapsulation of CO32– ions in the cavity of a dimeric capsular assembly of L1 (9.62 Å) through the formation of twelve strong N–H···O hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The excellent CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 solubility of 1 has been exploited for the liquid–liquid (L–L) extraction of CrO42–, SO42–, and S2O32– ions from water by anion‐exchange metathesis. The extraction of these anions from water was unambiguously confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, powder XRD (PXRD), and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the bulk extracts supports the formation of 2:1 (host–guest) complexes. For the CrO42– ion, the 53Cr NMR spectrum of the bulk extract shows a characteristic peak at δ = –99.98 ppm. The complexes of CrO42–, S2O32–, and SO42– ions with L1 (i.e., 2–4, respectively) were obtained from crystallization of the bulk extracts and show anion‐assisted dimeric capsular assemblies of L1 through multiple N–H···X (X = O, S) interactions. The dimensions of the anion‐encapsulated capsular assemblies are quite similar to that of the carbonate capsule and are 9.70 Å for [(L1)2·(CrO4)·(TBA)2] (2), 9.61 Å for [(L1)2·(S2O3)·(TBA)2] (3), and 9.71 Å for [(L1)2·(SO4)·(TBA)2] (4). Quantification by weighing the bulk extract shows that 1 can separately extract ca. 90 % of the above three anions from water by anion‐exchange metathesis. The quantitative estimations of the extractions of SO42– and CrO42– ions were further verified by gravimetric analysis by BaSO4 and BaCrO4 precipitation techniques, respectively. The extraction of SO42– ions from water was also demonstrated under alkaline conditions (pH 12.5) and in the presence of an excess of nitrate ions. Further, the quantification of CrO42– extraction was established by solution‐state UV/Vis studies.
Iron‐Promoted Domino Annulation of α‐Enolic Dithioesters with Ninhydrin under Solvent‐Free Conditions: Chemoselective Direct Access to Indeno[1,2‐b]thiophenes
Authors: Koley Suvajit , Chowdhury Sushobhan , Chanda Tanmoy , Ramulu B. Janaki , Nandi Ganesh Chandra , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn efficient, straightforward, and highly chemoselective strategy has been devised for the synthesis of a broad range of indeno[1,2‐b]thiophenes through the annulation of α‐enolic dithioesters with ninhydrin under solvent‐free conditions. The advantages of this nucleophilic domino substitution/cyclization sequence are highlighted by the use of inexpensive and readily available FeCl3·6H2O as the catalyst, the operational simplicity, a short reaction time, its functional‐group tolerance, and the concomitant formation of the C–C and C–S bonds to give a thiophene ring in a single operation. The method is economic with regard to the number of steps as well as to being a one‐pot carbon‐efficient process that is devoid of toxic reagents and solvents. Importantly, one of the newly synthesized indeno[1,2‐b]thiophene compounds exhibited a high selectivity and sensitivity towards the Fe3+ ion over other metal ions.
A Three‐Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Diverse, Densely Substituted 2′,3′‐Dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,6′‐[1,3]oxazine]s
Authors: Zhang Jing , Gao Hong , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA simple synthetic protocol has been developed for the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse 3′‐aryl‐2′‐styryl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,6′‐[1,3]oxazine]‐4′,5′‐dicarboxylate derivatives through readily accessible three‐component reactions of α,β‐unsaturated N‐arylaldimines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and N‐alkylisatins. When simple N‐arylaldimines were utilized in the reactions, the corresponding 2′,3′‐diaryl‐2′,3′‐dihydrospiro[indoline‐3,6′‐[1,3]oxazine]s were obtained in good yields. This reaction provides a potential synthetic application of the reactive 1,4‐dipolar intermediates generated from the reaction of aromatic imines with electron‐deficient alkynes.
Centralized semi‐active control of post‐tensioned steel frames
Authors: Eljajeh Yasser , Petkovski Mihail 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYCentralized semi‐active control is a technique for controlling the whole structure using one main computer. Centralized control systems introduce better control for relatively short to medium high structures where the response of any story cannot be separated from the adjacent ones. In this paper, two centralized control approaches are proposed for controlling the seismic response of post‐tensioned (PT) steel frames. The first approach, the stiffness control approach, aims to alter the stiffness of the PT frame so that it avoids large dynamic amplifications due to earthquake excitations. The second approach, deformation regulation control approach, aims at redistributing the demand/strength ratio in order to provide a more uniform distribution of deformations over the height of the structure. The two control approaches were assessed through simulations of the earthquake response of semi‐actively and passively controlled six‐story post‐tensioned steel frames. The results showed that the stiffness control approach is efficient in reducing the frame deformations and internal forces. The deformation regulation control approach was found to be efficient in reducing the frame displacements and generating a more uniform distribution of the inter‐story drifts. These results indicate that centralized semi‐active control can be used to improve the seismic performance of post‐tensioned steel frames. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation on a coupled Navier–Stokes–Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method for the simulation of plume flowfield of a conical nozzle
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , He Bijiao , Cai Guobiao 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYTo assess the plume effects of space thrusters, the accurate plume flowfield is indispensable. The plume flow of thrusters involves both continuum and rarefied flow regimes. Coupled Navier–Stokes–Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (NS–DSMC) method is a major approach to the simulation of continuum‐rarefied flows. An axisymmetric coupled NS–DSMC solver, possessing adaptive‐interface and two‐way coupling features, is investigated in this paper for the simulation of the nozzle and plume flows of thrusters. The state‐based coupling scheme is adopted, and the gradient local Knudsen number is used to indicate the breakdown of continuum solver. The nitrogen flows in a conical nozzle and its plume are chosen as the reference case to test the coupled solver. The threshold value of the continuum breakdown parameter is studied based on both theoretical kinetic velocity sampling and coupled numerical tests. Succeeding comparisons between coupled and full DSMC results demonstrate their conformities, meanwhile, the former saves 58.8% computational time. The pitot pressure evaluated from the coupled simulation result is compared with the experimental data proposed in literatures, revealing that the coupled method makes precise predictions on the experimental pitot pressure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary patterns and cognitive decline in Taiwanese aged 65 years and older
Authors: Tsai Hsin‐Jen 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThis study examines the association between dietary patterns and cognitive decline in Taiwanese aged 65 years and older.MethodsData were from a population‐based longitudinal study, the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging, with a nationally representative sample.ResultsNearly 2%, 8%, and 3% of participants had a western, traditional, and healthy dietary pattern, respectively. Western and traditional dietary patterns were negatively associated with subsequent short portable mental state questionnaire score over 4 and/or 8 years (all p < 0.05), whereas a healthy dietary pattern was not. Western dietary patterns significantly increased, by nearly threefold, the risk of subsequent cognitive decline over 8 years (adjusted odds ratio = 4.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.52–12.50, p < 0.05). For elders aged 65–74 years, a western dietary pattern was positively associated with increased, by eightfold, risk of cognitive decline over 8 years (adjusted odds ratio = 9.35, 95% confidence interval = 2.38–36.67, p < 0.05), whereas traditional and healthy dietary patterns were not. For elders aged ≥75 years, none of western, traditional, or healthy dietary patterns were associated with cognitive decline over 4 and 8 years.ConclusionsDietary patterns correlate with cognitive function in Taiwanese aged 65 years and older and can predict the occurrence of subsequent cognitive decline. Western dietary pattern increases the risk of cognitive decline over 8 years. This study suggests that a diet that involves frequent consumption of meat/poultry and eggs and infrequent consumption of fish, beans/legumes, and vegetables and fruits may adversely affect cognitive function in older Taiwanese. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA methylation pattern of gene promoters of major neurotransmitter systems in older patients with schizophrenia with severe and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Alelú‐Paz Raúl , González‐Corpas Ana , Ashour Nadia , Escanilla Ana , Monje Alfonso , Guerrero Márquez Carmen , Algora Weber Manuel , Ropero Santiago 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo analyze, in older patients with schizophrenia, the methylation status of a set of genes associated with the pathophysiology of the disorder but including anatomical, clinical, and cognitive criteria in the experimental design that, in conjunction with the epigenetic status of specific genes, allows us to derive an integrative model.MethodThis study included 29 human brain samples from older schizophrenic patients with severe and mild cognitive impairment. We administered a comprehensive battery of neurocognitive tests to determine the size of the impairment across different cognitive domains. We focused our study on the analysis of the methylation pattern of 19 genes of major neurotransmitter systems using methylation‐specific PCR and bisulfite genomic sequencing.ResultsOur results highlight an absence of hypermethylation and hypomethylation in older patients with schizophrenia and in healthy controls, irrespective of the degree of the cognitive deficit measured in the neuropsychological assessment (Fisher's exact test; p<0.05).ConclusionmRNA or protein expression level differences in genes of major neurotransmitter systems that are known to be altered in schizophrenia must be because of regulatory mechanisms other than the DNA methylation of its promoter regions, although our results highlight the idea that the analysis of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in schizophrenia represents a new approach that has the possibility of uncovering molecular mechanisms of dysregulated gene expression in this complex disorder. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.