bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracheobronchomalacia in infants: The use of non‐breath held 3D CT bronchoscopy
Authors: Lee Sungwon , Im Soo Ah , Yoon Jong‐seo 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the use of a non‐breath held 3D‐CT‐bronchoscopy in detecting tracheobronchomalacia in infants.MethodsThe study was based on 17 infants who received both bronchoscopy and 3D‐CT‐bronchoscopy within 1 week at our institution. 3D‐CT‐bronchoscopy consisted of an axial‐enhanced‐chest‐scan and a 3D‐volume‐external rendering (VR) image of the airways and was scanned with a consciously sedated non‐breath held protocol, using a 64‐channel‐multidetecter‐CT scanner. VR images were classified by two radiologists as normal, luminal narrowing or complete obliteration. All patients were confirmed with bronchoscopy and the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), positive predictive value (PPV) was calculated.ResultsTen (M:F¼7:3, mean 1 month) out of 17 infants were confirmed of tracheobronchomalacia. The sensitivity was <75% in detecting laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia. However, the specificity and NPV were higher than 75% for laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia and the PPV was 100% in laryngomalacia and tracheomalacia. False‐positive cases included secretion plugging, extrinsic compression and foreign body, which were distinguishable in axial scans. The effective radiation dose was 0.73_0.49mSv.ConclusionA volume rendering image of the airways can be used to evaluate tracheobronchomalacia and stenosis in infants. Although, non‐breath held MDCT is not recommended for screening airway lesions, narrowing of the larynx, and trachea and patency of the bronchus are reliable findings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1028–1035. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of dietary induced weight loss on exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction in overweight and obese children
Authors: van Leeuwen Janneke C. , Hoogstrate Mira , Duiverman Eric J. , Thio Boony J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryRationalePrevious studies showed that obesity in asthmatic children is associated with more severe exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), compared with non‐obese asthmatic children. This study investigates the effect of weight loss on EIB in overweight and obese asthmatic children.MethodsIn this intervention study, children aged 8–18 years with EIB and moderate to severe overweight, followed a diet based on healthy daily intake for 6 weeks. Before and after the diet period they underwent an exercise challenge test in cold air. Primary outcome was change in exercise‐induced fall in FEV1 and relation between weight loss and EIB. Secondary outcomes were changes in recovery of FEV1 (“area under the curve”; AUC), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and scores of the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) and Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ).ResultsTwenty children completed the study. After the diet period, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly reduced (changes respectively −2.6% and −1.5 kg/m2, P < 0.01). There was a significant improvement of the percentage exercise‐induced fall in FEV1 (30.6% vs. 21.8%, P < 0.01), AUC and PAQLQ score. The reduction in BMI z‐score was significantly related to the reduction in the percentage exercise‐induced fall in FEV1 in children that lost weight (r = 0.53, P = 0.03). There were no changes in FeNO and ACQ.ConclusionsDietary induced weight loss in overweight and obese asthmatic children leads to significant reduction in severity of EIB and improvement of the quality of life. The reduction in BMI z‐score is significantly related to the improvement of EIB. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1155–1161. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Uncertain diagnosis after newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: An ethics‐based approach to a clinical dilemma
Authors: Massie John , Gillam Lynn 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThere is uncertainty about the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after newborn screening (NBS) for some babies, either because of an intermediate sweat chloride test or inconclusive gene mutation analysis. There is considerable difficulty knowing how best to manage these babies, some of whom will develop cystic fibrosis, but many not. This article offers an ethics‐based approach to this clinical dilemma that should be helpful to clinicians managing the baby with an uncertain diagnosis of cystic fibrosis after NBS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:1–7. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus presented with hydropneumothorax in a child
Authors: Kose Mehmet , Bilgin Mehmet , Kontas Olgun , Ozturk Sedat , Doganay Selim , Ozdemir Mehmet Akif 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare pulmonary neoplasm seen in the pediatric population. We report a low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a 12‐year‐old boy who presented with spontaneous pneumothorax. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E86–E89. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Kallikrein Panel for prostate cancer screening: Its economic impact
Authors: Voigt Jeffrey D. , Zappala Stephen M. , Vaughan E. Darracott , Wein Alan J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrent diagnostic testing for prostate cancer results in numerous unnecessary biopsy procedures and creates a substantial financial burden. A statistical prediction model for prostate cancer has been developed, based on four Kallikrein markers in blood. This systematic review and meta‐analysis examines the aggregated results from published studies of the Kallikrein Panel.METHODSLiterature searches to identify relevant studies were conducted. A meta‐analysis of the results was performed using inverse variance, mean difference with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results of the meta‐analysis were used to assess the Kallikrein Panel's effect on healthcare costs.RESULTSThe Kallikrein Panel has been evaluated in more than 8,500 patients (2,780 with prostate cancer and 598 with high grade prostate cancer). Meta‐analysis demonstrates a statistically significant improvement of 8–10% in predictive accuracy. In addition, 48% to 56% of current prostate biopsies could be avoided. Use of the Kallikrein Panel could result in annual US savings approaching $1 billion.CONCLUSIONSThe Kallikrein Panel has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. The panel provides significantly improved specificity. Because the Kallikrein Panel has been studied in a range of clinical settings, it is a test that could be readily and widely used in practice. Prostate 74:250–259, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomic signatures of angiogenesis in androgen‐independent prostate cancer
Authors: Karagiannis George S. , Saraon Punit , Jarvi Keith A. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThe observation that angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, in healthy prostate and early prostate cancer is androgen‐dependent gave rise to significant questions on how hypervascularization and increased angiogenesis is also achieved at the molecular level in advanced androgen‐independent prostate cancer. The exact paracrine molecular network that is hardwired into the proteome of the endothelial and cancer subpopulations participating in this process remains partially understood.METHODSHere, we interrogated the signaling pathways and the molecular functional signatures across the proteome of endothelial cells after interacting with various secretomes produced by androgen‐dependent and ‐independent prostate cancer cells.RESULTSWe found the significant overexpression (P < 0.05) of prominent markers of angiogenesis, such as vonWillebrand factor (vWF) (∼2.5‐fold) and CD31 (∼2‐fold) in HUVECs stimulated with conditioned media from the androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell line PC3. By mining the proteome of PC3 conditioned media, we discovered a signature of chemokine CXC motif ligands (i.e., CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6 and CXCL8) that could potentially coordinate increased angiogenesis in androgen‐independent prostate cancer and verified their increased expression (P < 0.05) in both in vitro and xenograft models of androgen‐independence.DISCUSSIONOur findings form the basis for understanding the regulation of crucial metastatic phenomena during the transition of androgen‐dependent prostate cancer into the highly aggressive, androgen‐independent state and provide further insight on potential therapeutic targets of cancer‐related angiogenesis. Prostate 74:260–272, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ten years of resident Canada goose damage management in a New Jersey tidal freshwater wetland
Authors: Nichols Theodore C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIntensive grazing by Atlantic Flyway Resident Population Canada geese (Branta canadensis) has been shown to dramatically reduce wild rice (Zizania aquatica) abundance in tidal freshwater marshes in the Mid‐Atlantic Region of the United States. From 2001 to 2010, I implemented an integrated damage management program (IDMP) during spring to abate Canada goose herbivory to wild rice in tidal freshwater marshes of the Maurice River, New Jersey, USA. The IDMP consisted of shooting, rendering goose nests unhatchable, and euthanizing molting geese. With implementation of an IDMP, the number of nests on the study area declined 70% over 10 years and the number of geese declined over time. Consequently, the amount of IDMP effort needed to sustain rice was reduced. Because the study area was a key nesting site for ospreys (Pandion haliaetus), which are state‐threatened species, there was concern that disturbance from IDMP activities could have a negative impact on osprey nesting or recruitment. The mean annual number of nesting ospreys doubled and the mean number of young fledged/nest was similar between years prior to and during implementation of the IDMP, suggesting that the IDMP did not have a negative impact on ospreys. Wetland managers should consider damage from excessive herbivory caused by non‐native, breeding waterfowl, such as resident Canada geese or mute swans (Cygnus olor), in their suite of wetland mitigation strategies. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Techniques for capturing bighorn sheep lambs
Authors: Smith Joshua B. , Walsh Daniel P. , Goldstein Elise J. , Parsons Zachary D. , Karsch Rebekah C. , Stiver Julie R. , Iii James W. Cain , Raedeke Kenneth J. , Jenks Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLow lamb recruitment is a major challenge facing managers attempting to mitigate the decline of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), and investigations into the underlying mechanisms are limited because of the inability to readily capture and monitor bighorn sheep lambs. We evaluated 4 capture techniques for bighorn sheep lambs: 1) hand‐capture of lambs from radiocollared adult females fitted with vaginal implant transmitters (VITs), 2) hand‐capture of lambs of intensively monitored radiocollared adult females, 3) helicopter net‐gunning, and 4) hand‐capture of lambs from helicopters. During 2010–2012, we successfully captured 90% of lambs from females that retained VITs to ≤1 day of parturition, although we noted differences in capture rates between an area of high road density in the Black Hills (92–100%) of South Dakota, USA, and less accessible areas of New Mexico (71%), USA. Retention of VITs was 78% with pre‐partum expulsion the main cause of failure. We were less likely to capture lambs from females that expelled VITs ≥1 day of parturition (range = 80–83%) or females that were collared without VITs (range = 60–78%). We used helicopter net‐gunning at several sites in 1999, 2001–2002, and 2011, and it proved a useful technique; however, at one site, attempts to capture lambs led to lamb predation by golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). We attempted helicopter hand‐captures at one site in 1999, and they also were successful in certain circumstances and avoided risk of physical trauma from net‐gunning; however, application was limited. In areas of low accessibility or if personnel lack the ability to monitor females and/or VITs for extended periods, helicopter capture may provide a viable option for lamb capture. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Surveying populations of breeding grebes in prairie parkland Canada: Estimation problems and conservation applications
Authors: Routhier Daniel D. , Dufour Kevin W. , Bidwell Mark T. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAnnual ground surveys of mid‐continent waterfowl may provide a monitoring framework for other wetland‐associated species. We used a repeated‐counts method to estimate detection probabilities of adult horned (Podiceps auritus) and pied‐billed (Podylimbus podiceps) grebes on the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (WBPHS) ground component conducted annually each May in the prairie and parkland ecoregions of Canada. Detection probabilities ( ± SE) were higher, more precise, and more consistent through time for horned grebes (0.52 ± 0.06 and 0.44 ± 0.05 in 2010 and 2011, respectively) than for pied‐billed grebes (0.25 ± 0.08 and 0.11 ± 0.05 in 2010 and 2011, respectively). Our results suggest that the ground component of the WBPHS could be used to monitor horned grebes in these ecoregions. Although an active call‐broadcast component would be valuable for obtaining unbiased abundance estimates for horned grebes, such a component would be critical for monitoring pied‐billed grebes. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
The evolution of flow devices used to reduce flooding by beavers: A review
Authors: Taylor Jimmy D. , Singleton Russell D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDams created by American beavers (Castor canadensis) are associated with positive and negative values, and beaver management decisions are based on stakeholder perception and levels of tolerance. Lethal trapping is a widely used and accepted tool to reduce beaver damage caused by flooding; however, acceptable and efficacious non‐lethal tools are increasingly desired by the public. We traced the origin of non‐lethal tools used to reduce beaver flooding as far back as the early 20th century, when beavers received protective status and were reintroduced to many areas across North America. These tools focus on 2 general factors—exclusion and deception—and can be categorized as fence systems and pipe systems. We found few technological advances in tools to reduce beaver flooding until the 1980–1990s, when fence systems and pipe systems were integrated to create “flow devices.” There are few studies that evaluate fence systems, pipe systems, and flow devices; however, we address their findings in chronological order. We recommend that natural resource managers avoid using fence systems or pipe systems alone, unless they can be used in areas where maintenance requirements and expected damage are extremely low. Flow devices are not intended to replace lethal control; however, we recommend use of flow devices as part of integrated management plans where beaver flooding conflicts are expected and where local conditions allow flow‐device installation and maintenance. Future research should evaluate flow devices under a range of environmental conditions and include considerations for fish passage. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA
Holonomy spin foam models: asymptotic geometry of the partition function
Authors: Hellmann Frank , Kaminski Wojciech 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

We study the asymptotic geometry of the spin foam partition function for a large class of models, including the models of Barrett and Crane, Engle, Pereira, Rovelli and Livine, and, Freidel and Krasnov.
The asymptotics is taken with respect to the boundary spins only, no assumption of large spins is made in the interior. We give a sufficient criterion for the existence of the partition function. We find that geometric boundary data is suppressed unless its interior continuation satisfies certain accidental curvature constraints. This means in particular that most Regge manifolds are suppressed in the asymptotic regime. We discuss this explicitly for the case of the configurations arising in the 3-3 Pachner move.
We identify the origin of these accidental curvature constraints as an incorrect twisting of the face amplitude upon introduction of the Immirzi parameter and propose a way to resolve this problem, albeit at the price of losing the connection to the SU(2) boundary Hilbert space.
The key methodological innovation that enables these results is the introduction of the notion of wave front sets, and the adaptation of tools for their study from micro local analysis to the case of spin foam partition functions.
Truncation of a mannanase from Trichoderma harzianum improves its enzymatic properties and expression efficiency in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Wang Juan , Zeng Desheng , Liu Gang , Wang Shaowen , Yu Shaowen 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
To obtain high expression efficiency of a mannanase gene, ThMan5A, cloned from Trichoderma harzianum MGQ2, both the full-length gene and a truncated gene (ThMan5A△CBM) that contains only the catalytic domain, were expressed in Trichoderma reesei QM9414 using the strong constitutive promoter of the gene encoding pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc), and purified to homogeneity, respectively. We found that truncation of the gene improved its expression efficiency as well as the enzymatic properties of the encoded protein. The recombinant strain expressing ThMan5A△CBM produced 2,460 ± 45.1 U/ml of mannanase activity in the culture supernatant; 2.3-fold higher than when expressing the full-length ThMan5A gene. In addition, the truncated mannanase had superior thermostability compared with the full-length enzyme and retained 100 % of its activity after incubation at 60 °C for 48 h. Our results clearly show that the truncated ThMan5A enzyme exhibited improved characteristics both in expression efficiency and in its thermal stability. These characteristics suggest that ThMan5A△CBM has potential applications in the food, feed, paper, and pulp industries.
Trends to Attain a Lower Interfacial Tension in a Revisited Pure Alkyl Polyethyleneglycol Surfactant–Alkane–Water Ternary System. Basic Concepts and Straightforward Guidelines for Improving Performance in Enhanced Oil Recovery Formulations
Authors: Salager Jean‐Louis , Manchego Lisbeth , Márquez Laura , Bullón Johnny , Forgiarini Ana 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSurfactant–oil–water systems exhibit a low interfacial tension minimum when the interactions between the adsorbed surfactant with water exactly coincide with its interactions with oil. This occurrence takes place at the so‐called optimum formulation, which was conceptually derived by Winsor in the 1950s and rendered by numerical correlations for enhanced oil recovery in the 1970s. The actual low value of the interfacial tension minimum has been found to increase or decrease with formulation variables and though some hints are available, no general relationship has been reported up to now, probably because too many variables are involved in complex interactions. It is shown in the present article that a linear relationship between low‐tension performance and formulation variables can be found for very simple ternary systems containing a pure ethoxylated alcohol,n‐alkane and water at variable temperature, i.e., when there are only four degrees of freedom. In such a case the iso‐performance contours studied in bi‐dimensional spaces are reported to be almost straight lines and as a consequence the path to lower the tension through formulation adjustments is easy to find as being perpendicular as possible to the contours. On the other hand, it is shown that displacing the limit of restrictions like the surfactant precipitation boundary is a priority issue, thus justifying many trends which have been proposed on empirical grounds in the past years. The reported simple guidelines for a simple surfactant–oil–water ternary is likely to considerably facilitate the formulator's work in a real system with a score of formulation variables.
Comparison of Estimation Capabilities of the Artificial Neural Network with the Wavelet Neural Network in Lipase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Triethanolamine‐Based Esterquats Cationic Surfactant
Authors: Fard Masoumi Hamid Reza , Basri Mahiran , Kassim Anuar , Kuang Abdullah Dzulkefly , Abdollahi Yadollah , Abd Gani Siti Salwa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, estimation capabilities of the artificial neural network (ANN) and the wavelet neural network (WNN) based on genetic algorithm were investigated in a synthesis process. An enzymatic reaction catalyzed by Novozym 435 was selected as the model synthesis process. The conversion of enzymatic reaction was investigated as a response of five independent variables; enzyme amount, reaction time, reaction temperature, substrates molar ratio and agitation speed in conjunction with an experimental design. After training of the artificial neurons in ANN and WNN, using the data of 30 experimental points, the products were used for estimation of the response of the 18 experimental points. Estimated responses were compared with the experimentally determined responses and prediction capabilities of ANN and WNN were determined. Performance assessment indicated that the WNN model possessed superior predictive ability than the ANN model, since a very close agreement between the experimental and the predicted values was obtained.
LXR Driven Induction of HDL‐Cholesterol is Independent of Intestinal Cholesterol Absorption and ABCA1 Protein Expression
Authors: Kannisto Kristina , Gåfvels Mats , Jiang Zhao‐Yan , Slätis Katharina , Hu Xiaoli , Jorns Carl , Steffensen Knut R. , Eggertsen Gösta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe investigated whether: (1) liver X receptor (LXR)‐driven induction of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and other LXR‐mediated effects on cholesterol metabolism depend on intestinal cholesterol absorption; and (2) combined treatment with the LXR agonist GW3965 and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe results in synergistic effects on cholesterol metabolism that could be beneficial for treatment of atherosclerosis. Mice were fed 0.2 % cholesterol and treated with GW3965+ezetimibe, GW3965 or ezetimibe. GW3965+ezetimibe treatment elevated serum HDL‐C and Apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, effectively reduced the intestinal cholesterol absorption and increased the excretion of faecal neutral sterols. No changes in intestinal ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) A1 or ABCG5 protein expression were observed, despite increased mRNA expression, while hepatic ABCA1 was slightly reduced. The combined treatment caused a pronounced down‐regulation of intestinal Niemann–Pick C1‐like 1 (NPC1L1) and reduced hepatic and intestinal cholesterol levels. GW3965 did not affect the intestinal cholesterol absorption, but increased serum HDL‐C and ApoAI levels. GW3965 also increased Apoa1 mRNA levels in primary mouse hepatocytes and HEPA1‐6 cells. Ezetimibe reduced the intestinal cholesterol absorption, ABCA1 and ABCG5, but did not affect the serum HDL‐C or ApoAI levels. Thus, the LXR‐driven induction of HDL‐C and ApoAI was independent of the intestinal cholesterol absorption and increased expression of intestinal or hepatic ABCA1 was not required. Inhibited influx of cholesterol via NPC1L1 and/or low levels of intracellular cholesterol prevented post‐transcriptional expression of intestinal ABCA1 and ABCG5, despite increased mRNA levels. Combined LXR activation and blocked intestinal cholesterol absorption induced effective faecal elimination of cholesterol.