bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extended Neviaser Portal Approach to Antegrade Humeral Nailing
Authors: Dilisio Matthew F. , Fitzgerald Ryan E. , Miller Eric T. 
Published: February 2013

Certain arthropathies can distort the normal acromiohumeral relationship and make traditional anterolateral access to the proximal humerus for nailing difficult or impossible. This article presents a case of bilateral antegrade humeral nailing in which the Neviaser portal approach was used for humeral shaft fractures in a patient with distorted shoulder anatomy secondary to severe cuff tear arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis. Based on a literature review, extending the traditional superomedial (Neviaser) portal to the shoulder to perform humeral nailing has never been described clinically.
An 85-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and bilateral cuff tear arthropathy presented after a mechanical fall from standing height with bilateral acute humeral shaft fractures. Preoperative fluoroscopy confirmed the inability to access the traditional starting point with an anterolateral approach due to a shield acromion resulting from cuff tear arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis. Bilateral locked antegrade humeral nails were successfully placed through a 3-cm incision just off the medial border of the acromion and directly posterior to the acromioclavicular joint (the extended Neviaser portal approach). Postoperatively, the patient demonstrated early evidence of clinical and radiographic union. She was able to return to her preinjury function level, with an active range of motion comparable with her baseline.
The Neviaser portal approach to antegrade humeral nailing is an effective solution to diaphyseal humeral fractures when access to the traditional anterolateral proximal humeral starting port is not possible due to distorted shoulder anatomy.
Sciatica Caused by Pyomyositis of the Piriformis Muscle in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Toda Taihei , Koda Masao , Rokkaku Tomoyuki , Watanabe Hitoshi , Nakajima Arata , Yamada Toshiyuki , Murakami Ken-ichi , Nakajima Hideyuki , Murakami Masazumi 
Published: February 2013

Because the sciatic nerve leaves the pelvis through the greater sciatic notch underneath the piriformis muscle, any pathology of the piriformis muscle could result in entrapment of the sciatic nerve; this is widely known as piriformis muscle syndrome. Pyomyositis of the piriformis muscle may be a cause of piriformis muscle syndrome. Piriformis muscle syndrome caused by pyomyositis of the piriformis muscle in pediatric patients is rare. This article describes a case of sciatica caused by pyomyositis of the piriformis muscle in a pediatric patient.
A 6-year-old boy presented with right buttock and thigh pain following a mild fever and sore throat. The pain worsened, and he became unable to walk. On admission, his temperature was 38.4°C. He reported severe right-sided buttock and lateral thigh pain. Positive Freiberg sign was observed. Laboratory examination revealed elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level. T2-weighted magnetic resonance images of the pelvis revealed high-intensity changes of the piriformis muscle and iliosacral joint. Thus, piriformis syndrome caused by pyomyositis of the piriformis muscle was diagnosed. Oral antibiotics (10 mg/kg per day of cefdinir) were administered. Pain gradually decreased, and the patient was able to walk. Final follow-up examination at 6 months after symptom onset revealed no sciatic pain. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed normalized intensities of the piriformis muscle.
The endopelvic fascia provides a route for infection from the pelvis to the piriformis. The pyomyositis of the piriformis muscle in the current case may have occurred secondary to the pyoarthritis of the sacroiliac joint. Endopelvic infections involving the piriformis muscle may mimic hip diseases in pediatric patients.
A case study: A leader's commitment to transparency and accountability through a	serious reportable event
Authors: Erickson Jeanette Ives , Ditomassi Marianne , Gallivan Theresa , Perleberg Keith , Costa Mary Jane 
Published: February 2013

Analysis reveals that most preventable adverse events result from systemic causes, not human error. The senior patient care executive at a leading hospital recounts the unnecessary death of a patient and the investigation that followed. Citing the critical importance of a “just culture,” this case study offers a blueprint for managing a serious reportable event.
Rainfall – Ocean Faunal Interactions, Carteret County, North Carolina
Authors: Porter Hugh J. , Safrit Glenn , Schwartz Frank J. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Rainfall data collected at the Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) for the years 1983–2011 varied between 0.5 1 (12.9 mm) and 0.75 (19.1 mm) inches/day/yr. Storms, hurricanes and natural events greatly influenced the data. Hurricanes, run off , flooding and El Nino, and La Nina events influenced increases and decreases in precipitation pre-1990 and post-1990. Shark, finfish and shrimp catches varied in response to storm effects on the nearby river and ocean water temperatures. Significant statistical differences existed between rainfall and shark catches.
Alterations to Embryonic Serotonin Change Aggression and Fearfulness
Authors: Dennis Rachel L. , Fahey Alan G. , Cheng Heng W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrenatal stress can alter the serotonin (5‐HT) system in the developing and adult brain and lead to mood and behavioral disorders in children and adults. The chicken provides a unique animal model to study the effects of embryonic stressors on childhood and adolescent behavior. Manipulations to the egg can be made in the absence of confounding maternal effects from treatment. Eggs were injected with 50 μL of excess 5‐HT (10 μg/egg), 8‐OH‐DPAT (a 5‐HT1A receptor agonist; 16 μg/egg), or saline on day 0 prior to the 21 days incubation. Injections were performed at 0.5 cm below the shell. Behavior was analyzed at 9 weeks of age and again at the onset of sexual maturity (18 weeks). Hens treated with excess embryonic 5‐HT exhibited significantly less aggressive behaviors at 9 weeks of age compared to both 5‐HT1A agonist treated and saline hens (P < 0.05), and at 18 weeks of age compared to saline control birds only (P < 0.05). Excess embryonic 5‐HT also increased fearfulness response (P < 0.05) as tested by duration of tonic immobility. Increased degree of fluctuating asymmetry at 18 weeks in 5‐HT‐treated birds (P < 0.05) suggests that excess 5‐HT in early embryonic stages may create a developmental instability, causing phenotypic variations. These results showed that modification of the serotonergic system during early embryonic development alters its functions in mediating aggressive and fearful or anxious behaviors. Prenatal modification of the serotonergic system has long lived implications on both physiology and behavior, especially aggressive and fearful behaviors. Aggr. Behav. 39:91–98, 2013. Published in 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of maleic acid additive on the preparation and performance of CA/PES blend ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Shobana K. H. , Krithika K. , Radha K. S. , Nagendran A. , Mohan D. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCellulose acetate (CA) and polyethersulfone (PES) blend ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by phase inversion technique in the presence and absence of additive maleic acid with N,N‐dimethylformamide as solvent. The prepared membranes were characterized in terms of pure water flux, percent water content, and molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) by solute rejection method. The percentage of rejection of protein such as bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, pepsin, and trypsin were studied. It was found that the pore size of the membrane and the hydrophilicity of CA/PES blend membranes increased with increase in blend composition and additive concentration, which is evident from the increase in water content and the morphological study of the membrane Thus, when the additive concentration in the blend system was enhanced from 0 to 10 wt%, there was an upward trend in the pore radius of the membranes thus enhancing the MWCO of the membrane. The decrease in number of pores also confirms the role of additive in the formation of pores and its interaction with the membrane material during gelation and membrane formation as evidenced by the scanning electron microscope analysis. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the demand for higher education by local authority area in England using academic, economic and social data
Authors: Harrison Neil 
Published: February 2013

Managing the demand for higher education has been a major concern of successive UK governments over the last 30 years. While initially they sought to increase demand, latterly the emphasis has been on widening participation to include demographic groups among which it has traditionally been low. There had long been an academic and policy interest in the drivers of demand, but an appreciation of the contrasting patterns between different geographical areas was relatively late to emerge. Little research has thus far focused on the extent to which demand within an area is a function of background factors with a spatial dimension. For example, while it is known that demand tends to be lower in deprived areas, it is not well understood what specific features of deprivation cause this. This paper reports the findings of a quantitative study using linear regression modelling to determine which localised factors played a significant role in the demand for higher education between 2004 and 2009 in English local authority areas. It concludes that attainment at 16, the proportion of working‐age graduates and the ethnic profile are major explanatory variables, but that the nature of the local employment market also plays a role in explaining changes over time. Coinciding with other significant changes in the education sector, the abolition of the Aimhigher initiative in July 2011 marked the return of demand management back to individual universities, so the importance of spatial patterns in higher education demand are likely to be of renewed importance in coming years.
The Parenting Early Intervention Programme in England, 2006–2011; a classed experience?
Authors: Cullen Stephen M. , Cullen Mairi‐Ann , Lindsay Geoff , Strand Steve 
Published: February 2013

Family policy was a key component of the ‘New’ Labour government's family, social and education policy, and a wide range of family focused initiatives and interventions designed to ‘support’ families and improve individual, family and social outcomes were introduced. The post‐May 2010 coalition government's family policy exhibits key elements of policy continuity. There have been strong, class‐based critiques of this approach to social policy, which have argued that policies were informed by a project to recreate the working class. A key English family policy initiative, the Parenting Early Intervention Programme (PEIP) ran from September 2006–March 2011. The national evaluation of the PEIP was a large scale combined methods study of the implementation of parenting programmes in all local authorities in England, and forms the evidential base of this article which was built upon the completion, by participating parents, of three standardised pre and post parenting course questionnaires (N = 4446). A sample of 133 participating parents was also interviewed using semi‐structured interview schedules. The evidence from the PEIP evaluation showed the heterogeneous class nature of the PEIP cohorts, which over the roll‐out of the initiative, incorporated a larger number of middle class parents. In addition, the qualitative data indicated that parents had strongly positive participant perceptions of PEIP courses, characterised by ‘mutual reach’, and did not experience the courses in classed terms.The evidence from the quantitative and qualitative data collected for the national evaluation suggests that it is difficult to conceptualise the PEIP, as an example of the Labour government's family policy, in class terms—such an approach requires, at the least, major qualification.
An Efficient Friedel–Crafts/Oxa‐Michael/Aromatic Annulation: Rapid Access to Substituted Naphtho[2,1‐b]furan, Naphtho[1,2‐b]furan, and Benzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Anwar Shaik , Huang Wan‐Yun , Chen Chih‐Hao , Cheng You‐Song , Chen Kwunmin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSubstituted naphthofurans and benzofurans are easily accessible by treatment of naphthols/substituted phenols with nitroallylic acetates through a substitution–elimination process promoted by cesium carbonate. Reactions between naphthols and aromatic/heteroaromatic‐substituted nitroallylic acetates gave the desired functionalized naphthofurans in high to excellent chemical yields (14–97 %). On the other hand, treatment of phenol derivatives (i.e., 3‐dimethylamino‐, 3‐methoxy‐, and 3,5‐dimethoxyphenol) with various nitroallylic acetates afforded the corresponding benzofurans in moderate to good chemical yields (24–91 %). The reaction proceeded through an interesting Friedel–Crafts SN2′ process followed by intramolecular oxa‐Michael cyclization and subsequent aromatization. A plot of log (k/kH) against Hammett constants σp showed satisfactory linearity with a positive ρ value, indicating that the initial Friedel–Crafts‐type SN2′ process constituted the rate‐determining step. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of various novel C2 and C3 symmetric bis‐ and trisfurans by using catechol and phloroglucinol as the nucleophilic partners. The reactivity decreased when alkyl‐substituted nitroallylic acetate systems were used. This might be related to the decreased electrophilic character of these substrates.
Hydrogenation processing of TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Leshuk Tim , Linley Stuart , Gu Frank 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is an important semiconductor material and photocatalyst with applications in a multitude of fields, including water treatment and solar energy. Recently, hydrogenation has been proposed as an effective processing technique to enhance the visible light absorbance of TiO2, which is typically insensitive to the visible spectrum. In this work, we have elucidated several key synthesis and processing parameters affecting the hydrogenation of TiO2 nanomaterials. Synthesis protocols, hydrogenation temperature and pressure were revealed to be critical parameters in controlling the H2 modification of TiO2 nanoparticles. These findings may contribute to engineering of materials properties of metal oxides through hydrogenation processing. © 2013 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Purine 2′‐Fluoro‐2′‐deoxyriboside ProTides as Anti‐influenza Virus Agents
Authors: Meneghesso Silvia , Vanderlinden Evelien , Brancale Andrea , Balzarini Jan , Naesens Lieve , McGuigan Christopher 
Published: February 2013

Abstract2′‐Fluoro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine has been reported to have potent anti‐influenza virus activity in vitro and in vivo. Herein we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of 6‐modified 2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine analogues and their corresponding phosphoramidate ProTides as potential anti‐influenza virus agents. Whereas the parent nucleosides were devoid of antiviral activity in two different cellular assays, the 5′‐O‐naphthyl(methoxy‐L‐alaninyl) ProTide derivatives of 6‐O‐methyl‐2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, 6‐O‐ethyl‐2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine, and 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluoro‐6‐chloroguanosine, and the 5′‐O‐naphthyl(ethoxy‐L‐alaninyl) ProTide of 6‐O‐ethyl‐2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine displayed antiviral EC99 values of ∼12 μM. The antiviral results are supported by metabolism studies. Rapid conversion into the L‐alaninyl metabolite and then 6‐modified 2′‐fluoro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine 5′‐monophosphate was observed in enzymatic assays with yeast carboxypeptidase Y or crude cell lysate. Evidence for efficient removal of the 6‐substituent on the guanine part was provided by enzymatic studies with adenosine deaminase, and by molecular modeling of the nucleoside 5′‐monophosphates in the catalytic site of a model of ADAL1, thus indicating the utility of the double prodrug concept.
Material and diagnostic characterization of 17th century mural paintings by spectra‐colorimetry and SEM‐EDS: An insight look at José de Escovar Workshop at the CONVENT of Na Sra da Saudação (Southern Portugal)
Authors: Gil M. , Serrão V. , Carvalho M. L. , Longelin S. , Dias L. , Cardoso A. , Caldeira A. T. , Rosado T. , Mirão J. , Candeias A. E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe early 17th century mural paintings set from the low‐choir of the extinct Dominican Convent of Nossa Senhora da Saudação in the town of Montemor‐o‐novo were analyzed by a setup comprising visible spectra‐colorimetry and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDS) complemented with optical microscopy (OM), micro X‐ray diffraction, micro FTIR, and micro Raman spectroscopy. The main goals were material and diagnostic characterization of the paint layers and pictorial techniques used by Jose de Escovar workshop, one of the most active and controversial easel and mural painters of Evora Archiepiscopate between 1585 and 1622. The results show a differentiate use of red, blue, and green pigments in an alkaline environment. Stable mercury sulfide (HgS) was identified in almost all red areas in the latest scenes while, in the first ones, red ochre (Fe2O3) is the predominant pigment. Faded smalt (a co‐potassium silicate glass) is present pure in the sky background or mixed with red ochre in the garments at the beginning of the low‐choir but less at the end. Five kinds of copper‐based materials, with different degrees of color alteration, were found, namely malachite and azurite, copper chlorides, copper sulfates (e.g., posjnakite), and pseudomalachite. Another curious feature is the uneven use of a limewash made with slaked calcitic lime in the carnations. Lack of material, internal organization strategies, or technical differences within the team are probably the most likely causes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 288–306, 2014; Published Online 5 February 2013 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/col.21792
Mechanism of macrostep formation in solution growth of compound semiconductor and the evidence given by space experiment
Authors: Nishinaga Tatau 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe behavior of macrostep and its formation mechanism are discussed taking solution growth of compound semiconductor as an example. The macrosteps are created by the bunching of atomic steps on a misoriented substrate and they coalesce to form larger macrosteps. At a steady state, the vertical growth of the macrostep terrace is carried out by the atomic steps supplied from a screw dislocation. Space experiments conducted by the group of Professor K. W. Benz showed that the macrostep disappears under a temperature gradient when the growth rate is decreased below a certain value. It is concluded that the non‐uniform bulk diffusion of the solute is the driving force to create the macrostep.
High‐resolution Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) mapping of a slow‐spreading ridge: Mid‐Atlantic Ridge 45°N
Authors: Yeo I. A. , Searle R. C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAxial volcanic ridges (AVRs) are found on most slow‐spreading mid‐ocean ridges and are thought to be the main locus of volcanism there. In this study we present high‐resolution mapping of a typical, well‐defined AVR on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge at 45°N. The AVR is characterized by “hummocky terrain,” composed typically of hummocks with pillowed or elongate pillowed flanks with pillowed or lobate lava flow summits, often with small haystacks sitting on their highest points. The AVR is surrounded by several areas of “flat seafloor,” composed of lobate and sheet lava flows. The spatial and morphological differences between these areas indicate different eruption processes operating on and off the AVR. Volcanic fissures are found all around and on the AVR, although those with the greatest horizontal displacement are found on the ridge crest and flat seafloor. Clusters of fissures may represent volcanic vents. Extremely detailed comparisons of sediment coverage and examination of contact relations around the AVR suggest that many of the areas of flat seafloor are of a similar age or younger than the hummocky terrain of the AVR. Additionally, all the lavas surveyed have similar degrees of sediment cover, suggesting that the AVR was either built or resurfaced in the same 50 ka time frame as the flat seafloor.
Carbon loss by water erosion in drylands: implications from a study of vegetation change in the south‐west USA
Authors: Brazier R. E. , Turnbull L. , Wainwright J. , Bol R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSoil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of the global carbon cycle yet is rarely quantified adequately in terms of its spatial variability resulting from losses of SOC due to erosion by water. Furthermore, in drylands, little is known about the effect of widespread vegetation change on changes in SOC stores and the potential for water erosion to redistribute SOC around the landscape especially during high‐magnitude run‐off events (flash floods). This study assesses the change in SOC stores across a shrub‐encroachment gradient in the Chihuahuan Desert of the south‐west USA. A robust estimate of SOC storage in surface soils is presented, indicating that more SOC is stored beneath vegetation than in bare soil areas. In addition, the change in SOC storage over a shrub‐encroachment gradient is shown to be nonlinear and highly variable within each vegetation type. Over the gradient of vegetation change, the heterogeneity of SOC increases, and newer carbon from C3 plants becomes dominant. This increase in the heterogeneity of SOC is related to an increase in water erosion and SOC loss from inter‐shrub areas, which is self‐reinforcing. Shrub‐dominated drylands lose more than three times as much SOC as their grass counterparts. The implications of this study are twofold: (1) quantifying the effects of vegetation change on carbon loss via water erosion and the highly variable effects of land degradation on soil carbon stocks is critical. (2) If landscape‐scale understanding of carbon loss by water erosion in drylands is required, studies must characterize the heterogeneity of ecosystem structure and its effects on ecosystem function across ecotones subject to vegetation change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.