bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral dynamic response of a pipe pile in saturated soil layer
Authors: Zheng Changjie , Liu Hanlong , Ding Xuanming 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper presents an analytical solution for the lateral dynamic response of a pipe pile in a saturated soil layer. The wave propagations in the saturated soil and the pipe pile are simulated by Biot's three‐dimensional poroelastic theory and one‐dimensional elastic theory, respectively. The governing equations of soil are solved directly without introducing potential functions. The displacement response and dynamic impedances of the pipe pile are obtained based on the continuous conditions between the pipe pile and both the outer and inner soil. A comparison with an existing solution is performed to verify the proposed solution. Selected numerical results for the lateral dynamic responses and impedances of the pipe pile are presented to reveal the lateral vibration characteristics of the pile‐soil system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Report on an Investigation into an Entry Level Clinical Doctorate for the Genetic Counseling Profession and a Survey of the Association of Genetic Counseling Program Directors
Authors: Reiser Catherine , LeRoy Bonnie , Grubs Robin , Walton Carol 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe master's degree is the required entry‐level degree for the genetic counseling profession in the US and Canada. In 2012 the Association of Genetic Counseling Program Directors (AGCPD) passed resolutions supporting retention of the master's as the entry‐level and terminal degree and opposing introduction of an entry‐level clinical doctorate (CD) degree. An AGCPD workgroup surveyed directors of all 34 accredited training programs with the objective of providing the Genetic Counseling Advanced Degrees Task Force (GCADTF) with information regarding potential challenges if master's programs were required to transition to an entry‐level CD. Program demographics, projected ability to transition to an entry‐level CD, factors influencing ability to transition, and potential effects of transition on programs, students and the genetic counseling workforce were characterized. Two programs would definitely be able to transition, four programs would close, thirteen programs would be at risk to close and fourteen programs would probably be able to transition with varying degrees of difficulty. The most frequently cited limiting factors were economic, stress on clinical sites, and administrative approval of a new degree/program. Student enrollment under an entry‐level CD model was projected to decrease by 26.2 %, negatively impacting the workforce pipeline. The results further illuminate and justify AGCPD's position to maintain the master's as the entry‐level degree.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide-Induced Calcium Alginate Gel Combined with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Differentiating to Osteoblasts
Authors: Huang Chang-zhi , Yang Xiao-ning , Liu Da-cheng , Sun Yi-gong , Dai Xing-ming 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has been confirmed with induction osteoblastic differentiation, but if it can make the three-dimensional culture of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to the osteoblastic differentiation, thus constructing tissue-engineered bone rare reports. To investigate the feasibility of exogenous CGRP-induced calcium alginate gel combined with ADSCs from rabbits in three-dimensional condition to construct tissue-engineered bone. ADSCs were obtained by collagenase I digestion of the subcutaneous adipose tissue of inguinal region of New Zealand rabbits. At the third passage, cells were mixed with sodium alginate to prepare calcium alginate gel, and the cells were assigned into two-group cultivates in 24 orifice plates. ADSCs in the control group were treated with DMEM/F-12 medium supplemented with 10−2 mol/L β-glycerophosphate sodium, 10−7mol/L dexamethasone, 50 mg/L ascorbic acid, 0.1 % volume fraction of fetal bovine serum. ADSCs in the experimental group were incubated with the same medium as above, and in addition 1.5 µg/L CGRP was added. The cells proliferation and the mRNA expressions of collagen I and osteocalcin were detected by MTT and RT-PCR assays, respectively and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and calcium concentration at different induction time were detected. The cell proliferation curves were S shaped. The OD values of experimental group were higher than those of control group at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after osteogenic induction (P < 0.05). ALP and alizarin red stains of ADSCs were all positive, but golden round nodes became bigger and more in the experimental group compared with the control group after 2 weeks. At 7 and 14 days, collagen I and osteocalcin mRNA expression were greater in the experimental group than the control group. ALP and calcium concentration of experimental group were higher than that of control group at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after osteogenic induction (P < 0.05). Thus, these results show that the CGRP-induced ADSCs combined with calcium alginate gel to osteoblasts differentiation.
A relational perspective of institutional work
Authors: Topal Cagri 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study develops a relational model of institutional work. The past research implies that the nature of relationships between individual actors actually shapes the nature of institutional work the actors engage in. However, the research falls short of an explicit, systematic analysis of different relationships between the actors and their work implications. This study basically argues that the actors’ power positions, which might be dominant or subordinate in relation to those of other actors, and their meaning frameworks, which might diverge from or converge with those of other actors, lead the actors to engage in a particular type of relationship with those other actors, and this relationship gives a particular form to the institutional work of the actors in relation. Hence, this study explicitly locates institutional work within the context of the relationships and highlights that institutional work is a relational rather than structural or individual phenomenon.
Surgical treatment of head and neck cancers in the ancient world
Authors: Kelly J , Mahalingam S 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjective:This paper attempts to chart the history of head and neck cancers and their surgical treatment, starting from ancient Egypt and concluding with Galen.Conclusion:The ancient Egyptians appear to have treated head and neck cancers with local applications. The ancient Greek corpus contains a reference to treating pharyngeal carcinoma with cautery, but the description is too vague to establish the diagnosis conclusively. The ancient Romans moved away from surgical treatments, with Galen establishing a prejudice against surgery that would last through the Middle Ages.
Grain, Local Politics, and the Making of Mao's Famine in Wuwei, 1958–1961
Authors: CAO SHUJI , YANG BIN 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMao's Great Famine in Wuwei County, Anhui Province, between the years of 1958 and 1960, resulted in the deaths of about 245,000 people, a quarter of the local population. By focusing on grain production and consumption, this article adopts a local perspective to examine the county's official archives and analyse the background, rationale, and processes of local authorities that led to one of the highest death rates in the country. A local perspective provides an empirical microanalysis of the Great Famine; illustrates the complexity of this catastrophe; argues for local factors such as factional struggles, central-local interactions, and the political atmosphere created by the series of pre-1958 campaigns as key to local variations of the disaster; and delivers national implications for viewing Mao's China. Official archives explored in this article reveal that an over-reporting of grain output might have resulted in the Great Famine, but did not necessarily lead to the massive death toll, and that local politics, particularly intra-party factional struggles, intertwined with central-local political interactions, were crucial for the terrible tragedy that ensued in Wuwei, and that the end of this famine resulted not from peasants’ resistance, nor the change of radical polices to moderate ones, but from the decreased demand for grain caused by the massive number of deaths.
Commercial hunting to supply urban markets threatens mammalian biodiversity in Sapo National Park, Liberia
Authors: Greengrass Elizabeth 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis survey was part of a situational analysis of bushmeat hunting and trade in Sapo National Park in south-east Liberia. Increased private-sector investment in natural resource extraction and industrial-scale agribusiness outside the Park is anticipated to increase hunting pressure and lead to further declines in biodiversity unless informed, assertive actions are taken to protect it more effectively. Two commercial hunting camps on the Park's southern boundary were surveyed for 1 month each. Information on the catch of all professional hunters in these camps was documented. The results revealed a high diversity of species but significant and probably unsustainable bushmeat extraction rates. Eighty-two chimpanzeesPan troglodytes verus, including eight live infants, were recorded in the survey. Most of the bushmeat harvested was destined for Monrovia and other major towns. A concerted effort needs to be made to shut down these commercial camps but the potentially significant contribution that commercial trade makes to urban areas suggests that this can only be achieved if Liberia develops alternative sectors in domestic meat production to feed the growing urban population.
Symbiosis in an overlooked microcosm: a systematic review of the bacterial flora of mites
Authors: CHAISIRI KITTIPONG , McGARRY JOHN W. , MORAND SERGE , MAKEPEACE BENJAMIN L. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYA dataset of bacterial diversity found in mites was compiled from 193 publications (from 1964 to January 2015). A total of 143 mite species belonging to the 3 orders (Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes and Trombidiformes) were recorded and found to be associated with approximately 150 bacteria species (in 85 genera, 51 families, 25 orders and 7 phyla). From the literature, the intracellular symbiontCardinium,the scrub typhus agentOrientia, andWolbachia(the most prevalent symbiont of arthropods) were the dominant mite-associated bacteria, with approximately 30 mite species infected each. Moreover, a number of bacteria of medical and veterinary importance were also reported from mites, including species from the generaRickettsia, Anaplasma, Bartonella, Francisella, Coxiella, Borrelia, Salmonella, ErysipelothrixandSerratia. Significant differences in bacterial infection patterns among mite taxa were identified. These data will not only be useful for raising awareness of the potential for mites to transmit disease, but also enable a deeper understanding of the relationship of symbionts with their arthropod hosts, and may facilitate the development of intervention tools for disease vector control. This review provides a comprehensive overview of mite-associated bacteria and is a valuable reference database for future research on mites of agricultural, veterinary and/or medical importance.
Practice-level quality improvement interventions in primary care: a review of systematic reviews
Authors: Irwin Ryan , Stokes Tim , Marshall Tom 
Published: May 2015

AimTo present an overview of effective interventions for quality improvement in primary care at the practice level utilising existing systematic reviews.BackgroundQuality improvement in primary care involves a range of approaches from the system-level to patient-level improvement. One key setting in which quality improvement needs to occur is at the level of the basic unit of primary care – the individual general practice. Therefore, there is a need for practitioners to have access to an overview of the effectiveness of quality improvement interventions available in this setting.MethodsDesign:A tertiary evidence synthesis was conducted (a review of systematic reviews). A systematic approach was used to identify and summarise published literature relevant to understanding primary-care quality improvement at the practice level. Quality assessment was via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool for systematic reviews, with data extraction identifying evidence of effect for the examined interventions.Scope:Included reviews had to be relevant to quality improvement at the practice level and relevant to the UK primary-care context. Reviews were excluded if describing system-level interventions.Outcome measures:A range of measures across care structure, process and outcomes were defined and interpreted across the quality improvement interventions.FindingsAudit and feedback, computerised advice, point-of-care reminders, practice facilitation, educational outreach and processes for patient review and follow-up all demonstrated evidence of a quality improvement effect. Evidence of an improvement effect was higher where baseline performance was low and was particularly demonstrated across process measures and measures related to prescribing. Evidence was not sufficient to suggest that multifaceted approaches were more effective than single interventions.ConclusionEvidence exists for a range of quality improvement interventions at the primary-care practice level. More research is required to determine the use and impact of quality improvement interventions using theoretical frameworks and cost-effectiveness analysis.
First record of a rare beaked whale Mesoplodon hotaula in the Philippines
Authors: Lacsamana Joanne Krisha M. , Ventolero Minerva Fatimae H. , Blatchley Darrell , Santos Mudjekeewis D. 
Published: May 2015

Beaked whales of the Family Ziphiidae are the least known of all cetacean families. Here, using mitochondrial DNA Control Region and Cytochrome B, and supported by morphological comparisons of skull and teeth, we identified a 4.6 m female beaked whale, stranded in Maco, Compostela Valley, Philippines on December 19 2012, as the Deranayigala's beaked whale,Mesoplodon hotaula. This is the first record ofM. hotaulain the Philippines and only the eighth specimen in the world.
New distribution records of the Vulnerable fossil shark Hemipristis elongata from eastern Indonesia call for improved fisheries management
Authors: Jaiteh Vanessa Flora , Momigliano Paolo 
Published: May 2015

Genetically verified catch data from fishers in eastern Indonesia provide new distribution records for the fossil sharkHemipristis elongatain the Halmahera, Seram and Arafura seas. Previously only recorded from the island of Java, this study reports a range extension for this species of &gt;2000 km across the Indonesian archipelago, suggesting that fossil sharks are subjected to fishing pressure over a much larger geographic area than implied by previous species records. We recommend a review of the current species assessment to reflect the reported range extension and inform management of this fishery-targeted shark.
The Effect of Exercise on Respiratory Resistance in Athletes With and Without Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder
Authors: Gallena Sally J. K. , Solomon Nancy Pearl , Johnson Arthur T. , Vossoughi Jafar , Tian Wei 
Published: May 2015

PurposeAn investigational, portable instrument was used to assess inspiratory (Ri) and expiratory (Re) resistances during resting tidal breathing (RTB), postexercise breathing (PEB), and recovery breathing (RB) in athletes with and without paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD).MethodProspective, controlled, repeated measures within-subject and between-groups design. Twenty-four teenage female athletes, 12 with and 12 without PVFMD, breathed into the Airflow Perturbation Device for baseline measures of respiratory resistance and for two successive 1-min trials after treadmill running for up to 12 min. Exercise duration and dyspnea ratings were collected and compared across groups.ResultsAthletes with PVFMD had lower than control Riand Revalues during RTB that significantly increased at PEB and decreased during RB. Control athletes' Redecreased significantly from RTB to PEB but not from PEB to RB, whereas Ridid not change from RTB to PEB but decreased from PEB to RB. Athletes without PVFMD ran longer, providing lower dyspnea ratings.ConclusionImmediately following exercise, athletes with PVFMD experienced increased respiratory resistance that affected their exercise performance. The difference in resting respiratory resistances between groups is intriguing and could point to anatomical differences or neural adaptation in teenagers with PVFMD. The Airflow Perturbation Device appears to be a clinically feasible tool that can provide insight into PVFMD and objective data for tracking treatment progress.
Prevention of the Evolution of Workers' Hearing Loss from Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Noisy Environments through a Hearing Conservation Program
Authors: Fonseca Vinicius , Marques Jair , Panegalli Flavio , Gonçalves Claudia , Souza Wesley 
Published: May 2015

Introduction Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a serious problem for workers and therefore for businesses. The hearing conservation program (HCP) is a set of coordinated measures to prevent the development or evolution of occupational hearing loss, which involves a continuous and dynamic process of implementation of hearing conservation routines through anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and subsequent control of the occurrence of existing environmental risks or of those that may exist in the workplace and lead to workers' hearing damage.
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the HCP in preventing further hearing loss in workers with audiograms suggestive of NIHL. The audiometric tests and medical records of 28 furniture company workers exposed to noise were reviewed and monitored for 2 years.
Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined five audiometric tests in the medical records (on admission and every semester) of 28 workers in a furniture company (totaling 140 audiometric exams) following the introduction of the HCP.
Results Data analysis showed no differences between the audiometric tests conducted on admission and those performed every semester.
Conclusions The HCP implemented was effective in preventing the worsening of hearing loss in workers already with NIHL when exposed to occupational noise. Therefore, such a measure could be useful for the employment of workers with hearing loss in job sectors that have noise exposure.
Message from the ISCB: 2015 ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award: Cyrus Chothia
Authors: Fogg Christiana N. , Kovats Diane E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB; http://www.iscb.org) honors a senior scientist annually for his or her outstanding achievements with the ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award. This award recognizes a leader in the field of computational biology for his or her significant contributions to the community through research, service and education. Cyrus Chothia, an emeritus scientist at the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology and emeritus fellow of Wolfson College at Cambridge University, England, is the 2015 ISCB Accomplishment by a Senior Scientist Award winner.
Chothia was selected by the Awards Committee, which is chaired by Dr Bonnie Berger of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He will receive his award and deliver a keynote presentation at 2015 Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology/European Conference on Computational Biology in Dublin, Ireland, in July 2015.
Contact: dkovats@iscb.org
Effects of reef attributes on fish assemblage similarity between artificial and natural reefs
Authors: Granneman Jennifer E. , Steele Mark A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Artificial reefs are used to enhance populations of marine organisms, but relatively few studies have quantitatively evaluated which attributes of reef structure are most critical in determining whether assemblages of organisms on artificial reefs are similar to those on natural reefs. Using five pairs of artificial and natural reefs that spanned 225 km in the Southern California Bight, we evaluated how well fish assemblages on artificial reefs mimicked those on natural reefs and which attributes of reefs best predicted assemblage structure. Along underwater visual transects, we quantified fish species richness, density, and size structure, as well as substrate structure (rugosity and cover of substrate types), giant kelp density, and invertebrate density. Artificial reefs that were more similar in physical structure to natural reefs (low relief, low rugosity, and composed of small- to medium -sized boulders) supported fish assemblages that were similar to those on natural reefs. Fish species richness was not significantly different between artificial and natural reefs, but density and biomass tended to be higher on average on artificial reefs, body size was slightly smaller, and assemblage structure differed between the two reef types. Generally, artificial reefs extended higher off the seabed, were made of larger boulders, had higher rugosity, harboured more invertebrates, and supported less giant kelp. At both the within-reef (transect) and whole-reef scales, fish density and biomass were positively correlated with complex substrate structure, positively correlated with invertebrate density, and negatively correlated with giant kelp abundance, which was sparse or absent on most artificial reefs. Our results indicate that artificial reefs can support fish assemblages that are similar to those found on natural reefs if they are constructed to match the physical characteristics of natural reefs, or they can be made to exceed natural reefs in some regards at the expense of other biological attributes.
Diagnostic validation of selected serological tests for detecting scrub typhus
Authors: Koraluru Munegowda , Bairy Indira , Varma Muralidhar , Vidyasagar Sudha 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTClinical diagnosis of scrub typhus is often difficult because the symptoms are very similar to those of other febrile illness such as dengue, leptospirosis, malaria and other viral hemorrhagic fevers. Though better diagnostic tests are available for rickettsial diseases and scrub typhus elsewhere, the Weil–Felix test is still commonly used in India, mainly because microimmunofluorescence assays (M‐IFA) were not available in India till recently and relevant staff had insufficient training. The present study was performed to investigate the performance of M‐IFA, IgM ELISA, and Weil–Felix test on 546 non‐repeated serum samples from subjects suspected of having scrub typhus. One hundred and forty‐three of these 546 samples were positive by M‐IFA; these cases were also confirmed clinically to have scrub typhus based on their dramatic responses to doxycycline therapy. IgM ELISA was positive in 122 of the 143 M‐IFA positive cases and the Weil–Felix test in 96. Though the Weil–Felix test is a heterophile agglutination test, it was found in this study to have good specificity but far too little sensitivity to use as a routine diagnostic test. IgM ELISA can be a good substitute for M‐IFA. Incorporation of multiple prototype antigens on M‐IFA slides is likely one of the reasons for its superior performance. As newer and better diagnostic assays become available for scrub typhus diagnosis in developed countries, it will be imperative to also use such tests in other endemic countries to prevent over‐ or under‐diagnosis of scrub typhus.