bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An improved BRISK‐FREAK‐based algorithm combined with LSD algorithm for complex pointer meter identification
Authors: Xu Zhiniu , Wu Xiaonan , Liu Yuxuan , Zhao Lina , Zhao Lijuan , Song Shipeng , Cui Ruilei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo locate and read the complex pointer meter dial for the images with uneven illumination, blurred dial, and tilted dial, this paper firstly proposes an improved BRISK‐FREAK algorithm for dial position. Then, combined with the Line Segment Detector (LSD) algorithm, an automatic identification method for complex pointer meter is proposed. The dial of a large number of SF6 complex pressure pointer meter images are located and the results reveal that the proposed improved BRISK‐FREAK algorithm has good adaptability under strong interference. The computational speed of the proposed algorithm is 33% and 17% higher than the Scale‐Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm and the Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) algorithm respectively. The positioning success rate of the proposed algorithm is 40%, 64%, and 32% higher than that of the SIFT, Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) and BRISK algorithms respectively. The reading success rate of the proposed method is 94.5%, which is 19.5%, 39.9% and 14.8% higher than that of the methods based on the ORB, SIFT and BRISK algorithms respectively. It is particularly suitable for application in the actual substations to realize the identification of complex pointer meters.
ABO Blood Type and Urinary Bladder Cancer: Phenotype, Genotype, Allelic Association with a Clinical or Histological Stage and Recurrence Rate
Authors: Milas Ivan , Kaštelan Željko , Petrik Jószef , Bingulac-Popović Jasna , Čikić Bojan , Šribar Andrej , Jukić Irena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Previous research on connection between the ABO blood group and bladder cancer has been based on determining the ABO phenotype. This specific research is extended to the molecular level, providing more information about particular ABO alleles.
Aim To investigate the impact of the ABO blood group genotype or phenotype as a risk factor for urinary bladder cancer.
Materials and Methods In the case–control study, we included 74 patients who underwent surgery for a urinary bladder tumor at the Urology Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, in 2021 and 2022. The control group comprised 142 asymptomatic and healthy blood donors. ABO genotyping to five basic alleles was done using a polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers. We compared ABO phenotypes, genotypes, and alleles between patients and the healthy controls and investigated their distribution according to the clinical and histological stage and recurrence rate.
Results No statistically significant difference was found among the groups, nor for the observed disease stages in terms of the phenotype and genotype. At the allele level, the results show a significantly lower proportion of malignancy in O1 (p < 0.001), A1 (p < 0.001), and B (p = 0.013), and a lower proportion of metastatic disease in A2 (0%, p = 0.024). We also found significantly higher proportions of high-grade tumors in patients with O1 (71.4%, p < 0.001), A1 (70.1%, p = 0.019), of nonmuscle invasive tumors in patients with O1 (55.1%, p < 0.001), O2 (100%, p = 0.045), and recurrent tumors in patients with O1 (70.2%, p < 0.001) and A1 (74.2%, p = 0.007) alleles.
Conclusion We did not find an association between the ABO blood group genotype or phenotype as a genetic risk factor for urinary bladder cancer. However, an analysis at the allelic level revealed a statistically significant association between certain alleles of the ABO blood group system and urinary bladder tumors, clinical or histological stage, and recurrence rate, respectively.
An investigation on the impact of temperature variation over the performance of formamidinium tin iodide perovskite solar cell using SCAPS simulation
Authors: Afrin Poroma , Farjana Kanize , Vumije Anjon , Uddin Md. Nasir 
Published: July 2024

The primary goals of this project are to analyze the structure and assess the photovoltaic performance of n-i-p structured formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI3) perovskite solar cells at different operating temperatures to inspect the impact of operating temperature on device performance using a Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). The simulated device structure is Au/spiro-OMeTAD/P3HT/FASnI3/PCBM/TiO2/FTO, whereas spiro-OMeTAD and TiO2 serve as the hole transport layer and electron transport layer, respectively. SCAPS simulation has been performed at 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 K operating temperatures, and corresponding current density vs voltage (J–V) characteristics have been studied in addition to the photovoltaic metrics, such as open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The thickness fluctuation and doping concentration variation of the absorber layer and the electron affinity variation and thickness variation of the Hole Transport Layer (HTL) and Electron Transport Layer (ETL) under temperature variation were also examined analytically. It has been found that there is an inverse relationship between temperature and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The extended thickness of the absorber layer enhances the PCE and JSC. Temperature variations in the thickness of the ETL and HTL have a minimal effect on the PCE and JSC of the device. At standard room temperature (300 K operating temperature), the solar cell parameters are found to be a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 17.93 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.06 V, fill factor (FF) of 67.46% and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.93%.
Fungi associated with seeds of the invasive grass Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) in its native range as prospective biological control agents
Authors: Angeletti Bárbara , Anderson Freda E. , Loydi Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

Context The South American grass Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) is widely distributed in central Argentina and one of the most damaging invasive species in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. In Australia, it is a weed of national significance. Aims Our aim was to characterise the fungi able to colonise N. trichotoma seeds buried at a site in south-western Buenos Aires province, Argentina, and measure their impact on seed survival and germination. Methods We tested the germination of healthy seeds at the beginning of the experiment (control). We buried 10 mesh bags containing 100 disinfected N. trichotoma seeds each, during 3 months in spring and autumn. At the end of each experiment, the contents of five of the bags were counted and classified as germinated, healthy, damaged, or disintegrated. Germination tests were then conducted with seeds of the latter three categories. The remaining seeds were used for recording fungal signs/symptoms, and the isolation of fungi. Key results We identified and described a diverse group of fungi associated with the seeds and a seasonal variation in the specific composition. Seeds showing fungal signs and/or symptoms germinated less than the control. Conclusions This is the first study on fungi associated with seeds of this species in the native range, which can affect their survival and longevity. Implications It is expected that studies on the seed microbiome may help us understand the differences in behaviour of the plant between ranges, and test the enemy-release hypothesis.
Foot-shift and disyllabification in the history of Chinese
Authors: Zhuang Huibin , Zhao Pusong , Feng Shengli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper argues that the Chinese language has undergone a foot-shift from the Old Chinese monosyllabic foot to a
Modern Chinese disyllabic foot. It will be shown that the natural simplification of Old Chinese syllables has caused the
foot-shift, resulting in disyllabification. The disappearance of bimoraic feet in Old Chinese has resulted from the loss of
consonantal codas, including codas of consonant clusters, which has led to the disappearance of heavy syllables, as well as
super-heavy syllables. In other words, this foot-shift can be explained as a compensatory transformation of a heavy Old Chinese
dimoraic monosyllable to a pair of light monomoraic disyllables. One way of understanding this evolution is that disyllabification
of feet in Modern Chinese is a compensatory mechanism to maintain foot complexity.
Editorial: Community Based Tourism and Hospitality for Urban and Rural Development Successes, Potentials and Challenges in the Sub-Saharan African Region
Authors: Moswete Naomi , Lenao Monkgogi 
Published: July 2024

Summary
This collection of case studies examines the role, significance, and challenges of community-based tourism (CBT) development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Highlighting practical instances of urban and rural communities engaged in communally owned tourism ventures, this special collection reflects on the tourism industry's impact on the socio-economic landscape of SSA.

Information
© CAB International 2024
Tourism Development in Sri Lanka: A Case Study of Sustainable Practices in a Small Island Developing State (SIDS)
Authors: Pathirana M.T. , Scott N. , Sarah G. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
This case study investigates the influence of geopolitics on sustainable tourism development in Sri Lanka, emphasizing the complexities arising from global power struggles. It explores how political factors such as competition for maritime dominance, unrest, and regional development shape economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. By analyzing stakeholder’s perspectives and integrating political factors into the Triple Bottom Line framework, the study offers insights into navigating challenges and harnessing opportunities for sustainable tourism amidst geopolitical dynamics.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Defining Legal Personhood
Authors: Arstein-Kerslake Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of legal personhood as well as the right to legal personhood. Legal theory, moral philosophy, and human rights law are used to explore the definition of ‘legal personhood’. ‘Legal capacity’ and ‘equal recognition before the law’, terms frequently used in human rights law, are also explored. It is established that the terms ‘legal capacity’ and ‘legal personhood’ can be used interchangeably because they both include recognition before the law (standing) as well as legal actions (agency). It is also established that they are both elements of the overarching right to equal recognition before the law. The differences in the use of these terms in common law and civil law jurisdictions are also discussed. In addition, a history of the right to legal personhood (via the right to equal recognition before the law) throughout UN human rights instruments is provided. The chapter aims to provide clarity regarding the definition and meaning of the right to legal personhood, and related terms, in order to provide the foundation for the analyses that take place across the various chapters in this book.
Human Rights Law and the Individual
Authors: Arstein-Kerslake Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter explores the role of the individual in international human rights law. It starts by examining the original intention of human rights law to regulate the state and then explores its conflicting role in challenging state sovereignty via such regulation while also being predicated on state sovereignty because of the heavy reliance on states exercising their sovereignty to enter into human rights treaties. The chapter also highlights how human rights law is evolving to increasingly attach directly to the individual and argues that the right to legal personhood attaches directly to the individual, and states should not be able to choose to derogate from the right—in other words, the right to legal personhood must not be subservient to state sovereignty. States should not be able to exercise their sovereignty to deny legal personhood to certain groups. To develop this argument, the chapter covers the history of state sovereignty, including its political origins and use to legitimise colonialism and imperialism. Finally, it suggests that individuals may be ready to move beyond the prioritisation of state sovereignty and towards an understanding of certain individual rights and responsibilities that take precedence—such as the right to legal personhood.
Legal Personhood and Marginalised Groups
Authors: Arstein-Kerslake Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the human right to legal personhood and its application to marginalised groups. It begins by defining ‘marginalisation’ and exploring intersectionality, which occurs when an individual or group is experiencing marginalisation based on two intersecting factors, such as race and gender. It then explores the universality of human rights law and, therefore, the universality of the right to legal personhood. The chapter describes the historical development of right in disability and gender focused treaties and explores how the right can be applied in other contexts. It also explores the normative impacts of legal personhood on equality, more generally. Finally, it highlights again the jurisdictional limitations—especially for social groups that challenge national borders or identity, such as migrant groups, stateless peoples, and indigenous groups, and emphasises that legal personhood can be a powerful tool in addressing social justice issues. It calls for a closer examination of how certain groups are denied this right and advocates for recognising it as a fundamental foundation for social equality and human rights.
Family Mourning After War and Disaster in Twentieth-Century Britain
Authors: Foster Ann-Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Across the twentieth century, after war and disaster, families were left to make sense of deaths of their members, and navigate newfound grief. This book is concerned with those who died in war or disaster in Britain across the first four decades of the twentieth century and their memorial legacy. The families of these dead were often denied access to a body, and choice over burial rights, all while dealing with an increased amount of death-based bureaucracy. The domestic memorials that they created took on additional meaning because of this lack of agency elsewhere. Family reactions to these mass death events tell a history which emphasizes how families were able to push against memorial narratives and create ephemera and objects to help mourn. Although the ways that these families were bereaved took place in different circumstances, the ways that families grieved were recognizable to one another. They drew on common memorial practices, augmented to take on special meaning after sudden death. This memorial material provided a vehicle for families to navigate their loss, but also to communicate the memory of the dead both externally, through donation to museums, and linearly, through ancestral lines. How this nuance was internally articulated inside and outside of the family created powerful memory cultures, which grew apart as the century continued.
Conclusion
Authors: Foster Ann-Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The conclusion provides an overview of the main arguments of the book. Bereaved families negotiated state, official, and social conventions, against a backdrop of public interest, to carve out a space to remember their dead. Throughout the early twentieth century, in times of crisis, the state assumed family responsibilities for dealing with death. In response, families merged ephemera and domestic memorials to create memorial legacies for the dead. In part, the history of memorial items is a history of collections and their role in mass memory formation. Many items owned by mining families were destroyed in the interwar period; however, families whose loved ones died in war had the opportunity to donate their domestic memorials to museums. A hundred years on, families of disaster dead claimed their ancestors through social media sites, but were not given access to the mass memory building platforms the families of the war dead were.
Aesthetics After Modernism
Authors: Costello Diarmuid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aesthetics after Modernism argues for the ongoing relevance of aesthetics to art after modernism. The author shows that even what are typically taken to be the hardest of hard cases engage us in recognisably aesthetic ways and so remain amenable to aesthetic analysis. The book traces the artworld’s rejection of aesthetic theory to Clement Greenberg’s success in co-opting the discourse of aesthetics, notably Immanuel Kant’s aesthetics, to underwrite his own formalism about modernist art. Not only has this led to Kant being tarred with the brush of Greenbergian formalism; it has also led critics and theorists of later art to miss the resources of the aesthetic tradition, perhaps especially Kant, for capturing what is distinctive about our cognitive relation to the kinds of art that most interest them. There is a tendency to assume that Kant’s aesthetics cannot speak to the more conceptual aspects of our interactions with art. The author traces the legacy of Greenberg’s modernism and formalism for later art criticism and theory, before offering an interpretation of Kant’s theory of art that seeks to show otherwise. The book takes Conceptual Art as a test case: here is a form of art that often claims to forgo sensible properties altogether. But if Kant’s aesthetics can accommodate our cognitive relation to art with no sensible features relevant to its appreciation as art, then it should in principle withstand the challenge of any form of art.
The Afterlife of Medium-Specificity II
Authors: Costello Diarmuid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 considers Krauss’s appeal to Stanley Cavell on ‘automatism’ to underwrite her own critique of what she call the ‘post-medium condition’, the widespread belief that specific artistic media are no longer relevant to grasping the value of art. Against this, Krauss argues that even artists working outside traditionally sanctioned media are best understood as inventing their own medium. The author questions whether Krauss can get what she needs for this understanding of artistic media from Cavell. While Cavell’s account makes sense of artists reinventing convention, by reanimating existing artistic media in previously unexpected ways, it could not make sense of artists inventing entirely new media ex nihilo, especially media that could then only be practiced by one. The chapter draws on Krauss’s essays on Kentridge, Coleman, and Ruscha to make this case. The chapter concludes by considering whether Krauss’s understanding of artistic media might still be coherent, independently of its claims on Cavell.
Smoking
Authors: Benatar David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ethics of smoking (tobacco). There are ethical questions to be asked even when one smokes alone. However, the chapter focuses on smoking in the presence of non-smokers. There are two kinds of arguments against the permissibility of smoking in the presence of others—a harm-based argument and an offence-based argument. The chapter considers and rejects the objection that the risk increment to non-smokers is too negligible to impose a duty on the smoker. (This involves a comparison with car pollution.) Although offence arguments are typically weaker than harm arguments, it is argued that the particular kind of offence caused by smoke, along with some other factors, can ground a duty not to smoke in the presence of others. Attention is also given to electronic cigarettes, to obtaining consent from non-smokers to smoke in their presence, and to some additional ethical issues to which smoking gives rise.
Consequences and management of guidewire fracture—entrapment in the left circumflex artery: a case report
Authors: Paul Mathews 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Entrapment and fracture of the coronary guidewire are rare but major complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The incidence of these complications is reported to be &lt;1%.

Case summary
A 52-year-old male patient with diabetes and dyslipidaemia presented with posterior wall myocardial infarction. An angiogram revealed occlusion in the left circumflex (LCX) artery. Attempts to pass a guidewire through the lesion led to its entrapment and eventual fracture. Several techniques and manoeuvres failed to retrieve the fractured guidewire, which remained lodged in the LCX. An endovascular snare catheter also proved unsuccessful. The fragment was eventually removed using the triple-wire technique, although this caused coronary perforation and dissection. The perforation was identified and stented. A subsequent stent addressed a dissection in the left main/left ascending artery area, likely caused by the coronary snare. These interventions were crucial in stabilizing the patient’s condition, leading to recovery with a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% and a viable LCX artery. The patient exhibited an uneventful progression at the 1-year follow-up.

Discussion
Coronary guidewire fracture during PCI is a rare event often associated with coronary calcifications. Percutaneous removal remains the mainstay treatment for fragment removal; however, it carries risks. The triple-wire technique, a newer method that entangles and extracts the fractured guidewire without specialized equipment, was effective in removing the fragmented guidewire. If asymptomatic, leaving the wire in situ is documented as a favourable approach. This case highlights that the triple-wire technique can effectively be used for the extraction of fractured guidewire fragments from the coronary vessels.
Awareness, information sources, and beliefs regarding palliative care in the general population in Japan: a nationwide cross-sectional survey (INFORM study 2023)
Authors: Uneno Yu , Mori Masanori , Saito Junko , Otsuki Aki , Kuchiba Aya , Sakurai Naomi , Nakaya Naoki , Fujimori Maiko , Shimazu Taichi ,   INFORM Study 2023 Group
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The diversification of information sources and changes in social structures necessitates updates on the state of public awareness of palliative care. Therefore, we clarified the status and determinants of awareness, information sources, and beliefs, regarding palliative care in Japan.

Methods
This nationwide cross-sectional survey included 10 000 participants aged ≥20 years enrolled through random sampling using a two-stage stratification in 2023. We used a mailed self-administered questionnaire (INFORM Study 2023). The questionnaire items were selected (partially modified) from the Health Information National Trends Survey (USA) to ensure comparability, included palliative care awareness, information sources, and beliefs. Weighted logistic regression was conducted to explore the determinants of awareness.

Results
Of the 3452 participants that responded (response rate: 35.3%), 65.2% had palliative care awareness. The weighted logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents less likely to have any palliative care awareness were younger, were male, had limited education history, had lower household income, and were non-Internet users. Of these, sex had the clear association (adjusted odds ratio for female vs. male: 3.20 [95% CI: 2.66–3.85]). Across all age groups, healthcare professionals (58.5%) and the Internet (30.5%) were the most trusted source of information. Younger participants frequently received information online. Most participants believed that palliative care was beneficial, although 82.0% associated it with death.

Conclusions
The Japanese population had a relatively high palliative care awareness, with the majority trusting information from healthcare professionals rather than the Internet. Further efforts are warranted to address barriers to receiving trustworthy palliative care information.