bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating B Cell‐Derived Small RNA Delivered by Extracellular Vesicles: A Dialogue Mechanism for Long‐Range Targeted Renal Mitochondrial Injury in Obesity
Authors: Li Xiaqing , Yang Wah , Ma Ke , Zheng Zirun , Liu Xiayun , Hu Bo , Liu Huanhuan , Zhao Qian , Han Yi , Xiao Zhangzhang , Chen Ruichang , Li Hongyue , Huang Sibo , Liu Jinfeng , Wang Cunchuan , Yin Lianghong , Meng Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe intricate processes that govern the interactions between peripatetic immune cells and distal renal injury in obesity are not fully understood. Employing transcriptomic analysis of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), a marked amplification of small RNA (miR‐3960) is discerned within CD3−CD19+ B cells. This RNA is found to be preferentially augmented in kidney tissues, contrasting with its subdued expression in other organs. By synthesizing dual‐luciferase reporter assay with co‐immunoprecipitation analysis, it is pinpointed that miR‐3960 specifically targets the nuclear gene TRMT5, a pivotal actor in the methylation of mitochondrial tRNA. This liaison instigates aberrations in the post‐transcriptional modifications of mitochondrial tRNA, engendering deficiencies within the electron respiratory chain, primarily attributable to the diminution of the mitochondrial bioenergetic compound (NDUFA7) complex I. Such perturbations lead to a compromised mitochondrial respiratory capacity in renal tubular cells, thereby exacerbating tubular injury. In contrast, EV blockade or miR‐3960 depletion markedly alleviates renal tubular injury in obesity. This investigation unveils a hitherto unexplored pathway by which obesity‐induced circulating immune cells remotely manipulate mitochondrial metabolism in target organs. The strategic targeting of obese EVs or infiltrative immune cells and their specifically secreted RNAs emerges as a promising therapeutic avenue to forestall obesity‐related renal afflictions.
Unraveling Lattice‐Distortion Hardening Mechanisms in High‐Entropy Carbides
Authors: Liu Yiwen , Zhu Zijie , Tang Zhongyu , Yu Hulei , Zhuang Lei , Chu Yanhui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUncovering the hardening mechanisms is of great importance to accelerate the design of superhard high‐entropy carbides (HECs). Herein, the hardening mechanisms of HECs by a combination of experiments and first‐principles calculations are systematically explored. The equiatomic single‐phase 4‐ to 8‐cation HECs (4‐8HECs) are successfully fabricated by the two‐step approach involving ultrafast high‐temperature synthesis and hot‐press sintering techniques. The as‐fabricated 4‐8HEC samples possess fully dense microstructures (relative densities of up to ≈99%), similar grain sizes, clean grain boundaries, and uniform compositions. With the elimination of these morphological properties, the monotonic enhancement of Vickers hardness and nanohardness of the as‐fabricated 4‐8HEC samples is found to be driven by the aggravation of lattice distortion. Further studies show no evident association between the enhanced hardness of the as‐fabricated 4‐8HEC samples and other potential indicators, including bond strength, valence electron concentration, electronegativity mismatch, and metallic states. The work unveils the underlying hardening mechanisms of HECs and offers an effective strategy for designing superhard HECs.
Construction of an intranasal drug delivery system with hypothalamus‐targeting nanoparticles
Authors: Rao Qianru , Xu Yujie , Wang Xiaorong , Luo Hang , Li Haoqi , Xiong Jingyuan , Gao Huile , Cheng Guo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDysfunction of the hypothalamus is associated with endocrine imbalances, growth abnormalities, and reproductive disorders. However, there is a lack of targeted treatment strategies focused on the hypothalamus. In this study, we constructed a multifunctional nanocarrier system (S@ANP) to directly target the hypothalamic neurokinin receptor 3 (NK3R) via an intranasal delivery strategy. This system could overcome the primary obstacles in drug delivery for hypothalamus‐related diseases. Under the guidance of a modified (Trp7, β‐Ala8)‐neurokinin A (4‐10) peptide with cysteine, nanoparticles encapsulated with SB222200, an NK3R inhibitor, were found to readily penetrate hypothalamic cells with substantial loading capacity, encapsulation efficiency, and sustained release in vitro. Moreover, intranasal delivery represents an optimal delivery strategy that allows for a significant reduction in oral dosage and enables nanoparticles to bypass the blood‒brain barrier and target relevant parts of the brain. The mucolytic agent N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) was loaded into the nanoparticles (S@ANP + NAC) to increase mucosal solubility and intranasal delivery efficiency. In vivo evaluations showed that S@ANP + NAC could effectively target the hypothalamus and modulate NK3R‐regulated hypothalamic functions in mice. Due to its high hypothalamic targeting efficiency and low toxicity, this intranasal nanoparticle drug delivery system may serve as a potential strategy for precision therapy of hypothalamic disorders.
Impact of surgical specialization on emergency upper gastrointestinal surgery outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Barbaro Antonio , Bunjo Zachary , Asokan Gayatri , Kanhere Akshay , Kuan Li Lian , Trochsler Markus , Kanhere Harsh , Maddern Guy J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundEmergency presentations make up a large proportion of a general surgeon's workload. Patients who have emergency surgery carry a higher rate of mortality and complications. We aim to review the impact of surgical subspecialization on patients following upper gastrointestinal (UGI) emergency surgery.MethodsA systematic search of Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases using a predefined search strategy was completed reviewing studies published from 1st of January 1990 to August 27, 2023. The study was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022359326). Studies were reviewed for the following outcomes: 30‐day mortality, in‐hospital mortality, conversion to open, length of stay, return to theater, and readmission.ResultsOf 5181 studies, 24 articles were selected for full text review. Of these, seven were eligible and included in this study. There was a statistically significant improvement in 30‐day mortality favoring UGI specialists (OR 0.71 [95% CI 0.55–0.92 and p = 0.009]) and in‐hospital mortality (OR 0.29 [95% CI 0.14–0.60 and p = 0009]). There was a high degree of study heterogeneity in 30‐day mortality; however, a low degree of heterogeneity within in‐hospital mortality. There was no statistical significance when considering conversion to open and insufficient data to allow meta‐analysis for return to theater or readmission rates.ConclusionIn emergency UGI surgery, there was improved 30‐day and in‐hospital mortality for UGI specialists. Therefore, surgeons should consider early involvement of a subspecialist team to improve patient outcomes.
Axial Length Measurement
Authors: Cooke David L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe physical conditions for optical biometry are reviewed, and the difference between conventional axial length measurements and segmented, or sum-of-segments axial length readings explained. Segmented axial length reading may have an advantage over the conventional axial length readings—especially in the extreme range—and examples are given of the difference between the two methods and also between different biometers.
Haag-Streit Biometers: Eyestar 900 and Lenstar 900
Authors: Bütler Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Eyestar 900 features swept-source technology, enabling precise measurement, as well as topographic assessment, of the front and back corneal surface and the anterior chamber, including the lens, as well as imaging of all these structures. It also includes cornea-to-retina biometry of the entire eye. The Eyestar 900 uses the Mandala Scan technology with OCT motion compensation, independent of any video-based eye-tracking. The system provides OCT biometry of the entire eye, OCT topography, Zernike analysis with vision simulation, and a reflective dual-zone keratometry. The Lenstar optical biometer features laser interferometry biometry of the entire eye from the cornea to the retina with measurements of all the segments of the human eye, including the corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length.
GALILEI G6 Lens Professional
Authors: Schmid Gregor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Galilei G6 is an anterior segment tomographer/topographer based on Scheimpglug and Placido technologies. Additionally, optical biometry is performed with a partial coherence interferometer. A robust anterior corneal topography is obtained merging reflection data from the Placido disk and elevation data from two Scheimpflug cameras. This double camera setup corrects any decentration error improving the accuracy of the measurements which have been proved to be highly accurate and repeatable. Beyond this measuring capability, IOL power calculation benefits from the inclusion of relevant parameters like ray-traced total corneal power and segmental axial length. Several last-generation calculation formulas complete the equipment of this powerful device.
IOL Power Calculations with ORA Intraoperative Aberrometer
Authors: Padrick Tom 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ORA system is based on intraoperative aberrometry, a technique developed to calculate the IOL power of the aphakic eye during cataract surgery. A Talbot-Moiré aberrometer, whose details are explained in this chapter, is contained in an optical head mounted to the surgical microscope. After each surgery, the preoperative and surgical data are uploaded to the server and saved in the AnalyzOR database, which is used for optimization of lens constants and for development of improved IOL power calculations and optimization methods. The method used to calculate the power of spherical and toric IOLs and the clinical use in the operating room are described in detail. The results of clinical studies in virgin and in post-refractive surgery eyes are reported.
Hill-RBF: Improving IOL Power Selection by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Hill Warren E. , Haehnle Jonas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Hill-RBF method is an artificial intelligence model-based approach designed to calculate intraocular lens (IOL) power. The calculation algorithm is completely data-driven and therefore avoids any bias introduced by measurements in a theoretical optics-based method. A selection process identified the best-predicting variables for the model: axial length, mean keratometry, anterior chamber depth, postoperative spherical equivalent and the implanted IOL power. Mathematical boundaries for a 90% precision of ±0.50 D have been defined and cases out-of-bounds are identified. The current version 3.0. has shown a weighted ±0.50 D accuracy of 91.2% with a very few cases out-of-bounds even in unusual eyes.
Pseudophakic Eye Models
Authors: Ribeiro Filomena , Ceia Pedro , Jud Leonor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModeling (statistically, computationally, or physically) the anatomy and optics of the human eye can contribute to assess visual quality, incorporating all known relevant optical phenomena and addressing the developments in intraocular lenses (IOLs) and their corrective capabilities. Throughout this chapter, we describe the abilities and uses of different types of pseudophakic eye models. As a demonstration of their development and applicability to the improvement of the predictive capacity of visual outcomes of cataract surgery, the research carried out by our working group will be described.
The VRF and VRF-G Formulas
Authors: Voytsekhivskyy Oleksiy V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe VRF formula is a vergence-based thin-lens formula using the optical CACD constant and four variables to calculate the IOL power: axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, and horizontal corneal diameter. The VRF-G (where G stands for gender) is an evolution of the VRF that is based on theoretical optics with regression and ray-tracing components. It uses the optical A-constant for the SRK/T formula and operates eight variables including axial length, keratometry, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, horizontal corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, preoperative refractive spherical equivalent, and gender. The equations of the VRF formula and the published results of both formulas are reported.
Toric Calculations
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Abulafia Adi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOlder toric calculators were limited by the use of the keratometric astigmatism (with no information about posterior corneal curvature) and the adoption of a fixed ratio between the cylinder at the IOL plane and the cylinder at the corneal plane. A discussion about these issues that have been solved by newer calculators is provided along with a brief introduction to the influence of IOL tilt on the refractive outcomes of toric IOLs. The Abulafia-Koch, Barrett, Barrett True-K, EVO, Goggin, Holladay, Johnson & Johnson, Kane, Næser-Savini, Rayner, and Zeiss toric calculators are described. According to the published studies, the percentage of eyes with an absolute prediction error of the cylinder within 0.50 D ranges between 55 and 79% with calculators estimating Total Corneal Astigmatism (TCA), whereas it is close to 40% with calculators using measured TCA and around 25–30% with calculators using Keratometric Astigmatism (KA).
IOL Power Calculation in Keratoplasty
Authors: Borasio Edmondo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate IOL power calculation in eyes undergoing simultaneous cataract surgery and corneal transplantation is not possible. Most difficulties arise as a consequence of the unpredictable changes in the anterior and posterior corneal curvature and in their ratio. The keratometry values should ideally be taken from individual case series done with a similar surgical technique (similar corneal graft type; surgical and suturing technique; donor-host cornea size disparity) and always aiming for a mild residual myopia. In endothelial transplants, a myopic refraction of at least -0.75 D should be targeted, due to the expected postoperative hyperopic shift.Residual refractive errors can be well managed by means of glasses/contact lenses or laser refractive surgery (such as PRK + Mitomycin C or LASIK) and in extreme cases, by means of IOL exchange or piggyback IOL implantation using the refractive vergence formula or raytracing.
Demographics of Biometry
Authors: Melles Ronald B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis is a complete analysis of the demographics of the biometry measurements of the human eye (using optical biometry) based on a very large series of over 80,000 eyes including all races and ages. It is an important update to the first such series of 7500 eyes by Hoffer (using immersion A-scan) more than 40 years ago. There are differences between the sexes (males have longer axial lengths and flatter corneas than females) and among racial groups (Asians have longer axial lengths). These data are important in regard to IOL power calculation and toric IOL implantation.
Soft ionization mechanisms in flexible µ-tube plasma—from FµTP to closed µ-tube plasma
Authors: Speicher Luisa , Song Hao , Ahlmann Norman , Foest Daniel , Höving Simon , Brandt Sebastian , Niu Guanghui , Franzke Joachim , Tian Caiyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to find an explanation for the mechanism in a plasma operated with an alternating voltage, or rather a square wave voltage, such a plasma was investigated. It was found that Penning ionization, charge transfer, and photoionization played a minor or even no role in the soft ionization mechanism of a FµTP. If the collision of plasma gases with air does not contribute to soft ionization, it should also be possible to use a separated plasma for soft ionization. Preliminary investigations show that it is possible to ignite a diagnosis gas with a plasma gas even when there is a barrier such as glass between those gases. A temporally and locally limited potential must be produced at the outer surface to achieve this. This potential should be sufficient to ionize the environment softly and to be able to use this so-called closed µ-tube plasma as a new ionization source.
Deep learning-based image quality assessment: impact on detection accuracy of prostate cancer extraprostatic extension on MRI
Authors: Lin Yue , Belue Mason J. , Yilmaz Enis C. , Law Yan Mee , Merriman Katie M. , Phelps Tim E. , Gelikman David G. , Ozyoruk Kutsev B. , Lay Nathan S. , Merino Maria J. , Wood Bradford J. , Gurram Sandeep , Choyke Peter L. , Harmon Stephanie A. , Pinto Peter A. , Turkbey Baris 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To assess impact of image quality on prostate cancer extraprostatic extension (EPE) detection on MRI using a deep learning-based AI algorithm.

Materials and methods
This retrospective, single institution study included patients who were imaged with mpMRI and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy from June 2007 to August 2022. One genitourinary radiologist prospectively evaluated each patient using the NCI EPE grading system. Each T2WI was classified as low- or high-quality by a previously developed AI algorithm. Fisher’s exact tests were performed to compare EPE detection metrics between low- and high-quality images. Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to assess the predictive value of image quality for pathological EPE.

Results
A total of 773 consecutive patients (median age 61 [IQR 56–67] years) were evaluated. At radical prostatectomy, 23% (180/773) of patients had EPE at pathology, and 41% (131/318) of positive EPE calls on mpMRI were confirmed to have EPE. The AI algorithm classified 36% (280/773) of T2WIs as low-quality and 64% (493/773) as high-quality. For EPE grade ≥ 1, high-quality T2WI significantly improved specificity for EPE detection (72% [95% CI 67–76%] vs. 63% [95% CI 56–69%], P = 0.03), but did not significantly affect sensitivity (72% [95% CI 62–80%] vs. 75% [95% CI 63–85%]), positive predictive value (44% [95% CI 39–49%] vs. 38% [95% CI 32–43%]), or negative predictive value (89% [95% CI 86–92%] vs. 89% [95% CI 85–93%]). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for EPE grades ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 did not show significant differences attributable to imaging quality. For NCI EPE grade 1, high-quality images (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.54–5.86; P < 0.001) demonstrated a stronger association with pathologic EPE than low-quality images (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.63–4.24; P = 0.24).

Conclusion
Our study successfully employed a deep learning-based AI algorithm to classify image quality of prostate MRI and demonstrated that better quality T2WI was associated with more accurate prediction of EPE at final pathology.
Adsorption and desorption of hydroxychloroquine onto sulphur doped graphene powders as a potential drug for COVID-19: physicochemical investigation, surface chemistry and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation
Authors: Acar Tayfun , Arvas Melih Besir , Arvas Busra , Ucar Burcu , Sahin Yucel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is a very substantial drug active substance that was approved for emergency use by the FDA during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic due to its potent antiviral properties. In this study, adsorption and desorption of hydroxychloroquine on sulfur (S)-doped graphene powders were investigated. While the adsorption experiments were carried out in the environment of distilled water (pH 5.0-6.0), HEPES buffer (pH 7.6), and Tris.HCl buffer (pH 8.0) the desorption studies were performed in distilled water. The HCQ adsorbed S-doped graphene powders were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, BET and TEM techniques. According to UV-Vis measurements, the adsorption efficiency in the HEPES buffer medium at pH 7.6 was the highest (68.72% for H3 (HCQ adsorption with SGr3 graphene in HEPES medium)). FT-IR and XRD analyses confirmed the presence of HCQ on the graphene powders’ surface. While morphological changes on the surfaces of graphene powders were imaged by TEM, BET surface area changes proved the HCQ adsorption. The in vitro toxicity of the developed H3 was found to be lower than that of HCQ alone on the L929 cell line. These fundamental findings of the surface interaction between HCQ and graphene are precious for the design and optimization of a targeted drug based on this molecule and material. The adsorption/desorption features of HCQ onto graphene-based carrier systems which in particular doped with sulfur from functional metals have been investigated for the first time.
Pinball-Huber boosted extreme learning machine regression: a multiobjective approach to accurate power load forecasting
Authors: Yang Yang , Lou Hao , Wang Zijin , Wu Jinran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPower load data frequently display outliers and an uneven distribution of noise. To tackle this issue, we present a forecasting model based on an improved extreme learning machine (ELM). Specifically, we introduce the novel Pinball-Huber robust loss function as the objective function in training. The loss function enhances the precision by assigning distinct penalties to errors based on their directions. We employ a genetic algorithm, combined with a swift nondominated sorting technique, for multiobjective optimization in the ELM-Pinball-Huber context. This method simultaneously reduces training errors while streamlining model structure. We practically apply the integrated model to forecast power load data in Taixing City, which is situated in the southern part of Jiangsu Province. The empirical findings confirm the method’s effectiveness.
Targeted delivery of FAK siRNA by engineered exosomes to reverse cetuximab resistance via activating paraptosis in colon cancer
Authors: Geng Yiting , Xia Wei , Zheng Xiao , Chen Lujun , Zhou You , Feng Jun , Yuan Ye , Zhang Mingyue , Lu Jianwen , Wei Shanshan , Hu Wenwei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Cetuximab is extensively used in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, resistance poses a significant challenge to successful therapy. Recently, paraptosis, a non-classical programmed cell death, has garnered increased attention for its potential application value in antitumor treatments. We aimed to identify the essential pathways and signaling molecules involved in paraptosis inhibition and select them as therapeutic targets in cetuximab resistance. Additionally, engineered exosome technology is used as a drug delivery system with both targeted and effector properties.

Results
By comparing the differential expression of paraptosis-related genes between drug-resistant colon cancer cells and sensitive cells, it was observed that the paraptosis level induced by cetuximab was significantly downregulated in drug-resistant cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis identified the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway as a key pathway involved in the suppression of paraptosis. The biological function of FAK in cetuximab-resistant cells was investigated through cell morphology observation, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and loss-of-function experiments. The results showed that the FAK signaling pathway was significantly upregulated in cetuximab-resistant colon cancer cells, and siRNA interference targeting FAK could notably inhibit cell proliferation while upregulating the paraptosis level. Based on this, engineered colon cancer cells targeted and FAK siRNA loaded exosomes (CT-Exo-siFAK1) were constructed. In vitro experiments, CT-Exo-siFAK1 could effectively activate paraptosis and inhibit the proliferation of drug-resistant colon cancer cells. In vivo experiments also confirmed that CT-Exo-siFAK1 significantly suppressed tumor growth and metastasis while upregulating the paraptosis level.

Conclusion
This study suggests that FAK signaling pathway-mediated inhibition of paraptosis levels is crucial in the sensitivity of cetuximab targeted therapy in colon cancer, and the use of engineered exosomes to deliver FAK siRNA may be an effective strategy to reverse cetuximab resistance.