bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signaling Adaptor Protein SH2B1 Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Accelerates the Maturation of Human Induced Neurons
Authors: Hsu Yi-Chao , Chen Su-Liang , Wang Ya-Jean , Chen Yun-Hsiang , Wang Dan-Yen , Chen Linyi , Chen Chia-Hsiang , Chen Hwei-Hsien , Chiu Ing-Ming 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Recent advances in somatic cell reprogramming have highlighted the plasticity of the somatic epigenome, particularly through demonstrations of direct lineage reprogramming of adult mouse and human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and induced neurons (iNs) under defined conditions. However, human cells appear to be less plastic and have a higher epigenetic hurdle for reprogramming to both iPSCs and iNs. Here, we show that SH2B adaptor protein 1β (SH2B1) can enhance neurite outgrowth of iNs reprogrammed from human fibroblasts as early as day 14, when combined with miR124 and transcription factors BRN2 and MYT1L (IBM) under defined conditions. These SH2B1-enhanced iNs (S-IBM) showed canonical neuronal morphology, and expressed multiple neuronal markers, such as TuJ1, NeuN, and synapsin, and functional proteins for neurotransmitter release, such as GABA, vGluT2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Importantly, SH2B1 accelerated mature process of functional neurons and exhibited action potentials as early as day 14; without SH2B1, the IBM iNs do not exhibit action potentials until day 21. Our data demonstrate that SH2B1 can enhance neurite outgrowth and accelerate the maturation of human iNs under defined conditions. This approach will facilitate the application of iNs in regenerative medicine and in vitro disease modeling.
Um terceiro citótipo de Astyanax aff. fasciatus (TELEOSTEI, CHARACIDAE) da bacia do rio São Francisco
Authors: Penteado Pierre Rafael , Kavalco Karine Frehner , Pazza Rubens 
Published: April 2014

<p><em>Astyanax </em>é um dos gêneros mais amplamente distribuídos ao longo da região Neotropical, devido a sua estrutura e densidade populacional. Essas características fazem o gênero ser extremamente especioso, contando com mais de cem espécies descritas atualmente. O objetivo do presente trabalho é auxiliar no levantamento da diversidade genética no gênero, analisando uma população <em>Astyanax </em>aff<em>. fasciatus</em>, encontrada na Bacia do Rio São Francisco. As análises citogenéticas constituem cariotipagem convencional, detecção de heterocromatina constitutiva e localização de genes ribossômicos 5S e 18. Foram observados 2n=48 (8M+22SM+12ST+6A) e heterocromatina distribuída em regiões pericentroméricas de poucos cromossomos. A FISH evidenciou sítios de rDNA 5S intersticiais em um par de cromossomos metacêntricos e na região pericentromérica de um par de cromossomos acrocêntricos. A situação taxonômica do complexo de espécies é discutida.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: <span>10.7902/ecb.v4i1.42</span></p>
Avaliações morfológicas e micromorfométricas de folhas de sol e de sombra Lithraea molleoides (VELL.) ENGL. (ANACARDIACEAE)
Authors: Pereira Jaqueline Dias , Medri Moacir Eurypedes , Moreira Renata Stolf 
Published: April 2014

<p>Alterações morfoanatômicas e fisiológicas nas folhas são comumente encontradas como resposta adaptativa das plantas às diferentes condições de luminosidade. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, comparar a morfoanatomia de folhas expandidas de sol e de sombra de <em>Lithraea molleoides</em> fornecendo subsídios que justifiquem a seleção desta espécie para estudos em programas de revegetação. O estudo ocorreu no Parque Ecológico da Klabin, Telêmaco Borba-Pr. Nas avaliações macroscópicas e microscópicas, as amostras foram processadas segundo metodologia usual. As folhas da porção superior periférica, denominadas folhas de sol, apresentaram características mais xéricas, ao contrário das folhas da porção inferior interna, denominadas folhas de sombra. As folhas de sol apresentam adaptações que indicam maior dificuldade na perda de água nos períodos desfavoráveis aumentando a eficiência no uso da água. As folhas de sombra apresentaram maior área aproveitando mais a energia luminosa. As diferenças observadas neste estudo indicam considerável capacidade adaptativa para se manterem ativas a diferentes condições de luminosidade.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v4i1.47</p>
Ictiofauna do baixo rio Manhuaçu (Bacia do baixo rio Doce)
Authors: Marques Bruno , Belei Frederico , Sampaio Wagner Martins Santana 
Published: April 2014

<p>A ictiofauna neotropical se destaca por ser a maior e mais diversificada do planeta uma vez que está inserida no maior sistema fluvial do mundo. Nesse contexto é inserida a bacia do rio Doce a qual é subdividida em três seções: alto, médio e baixo curso. Com o objetivo de se avaliar diversidade da Ictiofauna do rio Manhuaçu, foram estabelecidos dois pontos amostrais. Em cada área de amostragem foi utilizado um conjunto de dez redes de espera, dois espinheis com 10 anzóis, tarrafas, arrastão e pesca elétrica. Durante o período de amostragem foram capturados 207 exemplares distribuídos em 29 espécies, 6 ordens e 14 famílias. Registros anteriores apresentaram uma menor diversidade de peixes para o rio Manhuaçu. Para o médio rio Doce são descrita 70 espécies e o presente estudo representa 41% dessas espécies, revelando a importância do rio Manhuaçu para a bacia do médio e baixo rio Doce.</p><p> </p><p>DOI: 10.7902/ecb.v4i1.63</p>
Sensitivity of global terrestrial gross primary production to hydrologic states simulated by the Community Land Model using two runoff parameterizations
Authors: Lei Huimin , Huang Maoyi , Leung L. Ruby , Yang Dawen , Shi Xiaoying , Mao Jiafu , Hayes Daniel J. , Schwalm Christopher R. , Wei Yaxing , Liu Shishi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoil moisture plays an important role in the coupled water, energy, and carbon cycles. In addition to surface processes such as evapotranspiration, the boundary fluxes that influence soil moisture are closely related to surface or subsurface runoff. To elucidate how uncertainties in representing surface and subsurface hydrology may influence simulations of the carbon cycle, numerical experiments were performed using version 4 of the Community Land Model with two widely adopted runoff generation parameterizations from the TOPMODEL and Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model under the same protocol. The results showed that differences in the runoff generation schemes caused a relative difference of 36% and 34% in global mean total runoff and soil moisture, respectively, with substantial differences in their spatial distribution and seasonal variability. Changes in the simulated gross primary production (GPP) were found to correlate well with changes in soil moisture through its effects on leaf photosynthesis (An) and leaf area index (LAI), which are the two dominant components determining GPP. Soil temperature, which is influenced by soil moisture, also affects LAI and GPP for the seasonal‐deciduous and stress‐deciduous plant functional types that dominate in cold regions. Consequently, the simulated global mean GPP differs by 20.4% as a result of differences in soil moisture and soil temperature simulated between the two models. Our study highlights the significant interactions among the water, energy, and carbon cycles and the need for reducing uncertainty in the hydrologic parameterization of land surface models to better constrain carbon cycle modeling.
Mesh‐Mould: Robotically Fabricated Spatial Meshes as Reinforced Concrete Formwork
Authors: Hack Norman , Lauer Willi Viktor 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIf robots are to be employed in the construction of high‐rise structures, logistics and material systems have to be entirely rethought to cater for both their abilities and limitations: robots have limited loading capacity, but greater dexterity than other on‐site, automated construction techniques. Here, Norman Hack of ETH Zurich and Willi Viktor Lauer of the Future Cities Laboratory (FCL) at the Singapore‐ETH Centre for Global Environmental Sustainability (SEC) describe the research they have undertaken to develop ‘mesh‐mould’ as an alternative to conventional formwork.
Robots and Architecture: Experiments, Fiction, Epistemology
Authors: Picon Antoine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHow ready are we to receive robots on our building sites? Antoine Picon, G Ware Travelstead Professor of the History of Architecture and Technology at Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD), highlights the mixed cultural reception that robotics in architecture has received, veering from techno‐utopianism to techno‐pessimism. Is the greatest value in robotics for architecture in fact contained within the discipline, residing in the way that it forces architects to think differently, shifting their mental landscape and making them design truly three‐dimensional space? Are we, though, in danger of neglecting to explore and re‐imagine the fundamental relationships between men, designers and workers, and machines, computers and robots?
Towards Robotic Swarm Printing
Authors: Oxman Neri , Duro‐Royo Jorge , Keating Steven , Peters Ben , Tsai Elizabeth 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Mediated Matter Group is honing its research into robotic swarm printing by focusing its efforts on material sophistication, or ‘tunability’, and communication or coordination between fabrication units. Here, the group's Neri Oxman, Jorge Duro‐Royo, Steven Keating, Ben Peters and Elizabeth Tsai illustrate this by describing three case studies that investigate robotically controlled additive fabrication at architectural scales.
An Appraisal of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Nanoscaffolds Developed by Different Techniques for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications: Electrospinning A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Sakina Rabeil , Ali Murtaza 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe electrospinning method for scaffold production has emerged as a technique of great versatility within the field of tissue engineering. It is a relatively simple technique that enables scaffolds to be manufactured of the required specifications without much ado. Bone scaffolds are challenging in their requirements for mechanical strength and degradability. Polymeric materials can be most efficiently tailored to meet these demands for such scaffolds. This review focuses on the existing technologies involved in the fabrication of polymeric fibrous and porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, as well as on the emerging technologies that are more promising.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation of the Double Bond of Exocyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Catalyzed by Iridium/H8‐BINOL‐Derived Phosphine‐Oxazoline Complexes
Authors: Li Qing , Wan Pin , He Yuwei , Zhou Yougui , Li Lanning , Chen Bin , Duan Kun , Cao Rihui , Zhou Zhongyuan , Qiu Liqin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractH8‐BINOL‐derived phosphine‐oxazolines complexed with iridium were successfully applied for the asymmetric hydrogenation of the carbon‐carbon double bond of exocyclic α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds. A valuable series of α‐chiral cyclic ketones, lactones, and lactams were therefore provided via the reaction in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivity of up to 95 % ee. The effects of the ligands and substrate structures on the asymmetric catalysis were also discussed.
Organ Repair, Hemostasis, and In Vivo Bonding of Medical Devices by Aqueous Solutions of Nanoparticles
Authors: Meddahi‐Pellé Anne , Legrand Aurélie , Marcellan Alba , Louedec Liliane , Letourneur Didier , Leibler Ludwik 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSutures are traumatic to soft connective tissues, such as liver or lungs. Polymer tissue adhesives require complex in vivo control of polymerization or cross‐linking reactions and currently suffer from being toxic, weak, or inefficient within the wet conditions of the body. Herein, we demonstrate using Stöber silica or iron oxide nanoparticles that nanobridging, that is, adhesion by aqueous nanoparticle solutions, can be used in vivo in rats to achieve rapid and strong closure and healing of deep wounds in skin and liver. Nanoparticles were also used to fix polymer membranes to tissues even in the presence of blood flow, such as occurring after liver resection, yielding permanent hemostasis within a minute. Furthermore, medical devices and tissue engineering constructs were fixed to organs such as a beating heart. The simplicity, rapidity, and robustness of nanobridging bode well for clinical applications, surgery, and regenerative medicine.
Chemoselektive intermolekulare α‐Arylierung von Amiden
Authors: Peng Bo , Geerdink Danny , Farès Christophe , Maulide Nuno 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEs wird ein neuer Ansatz für die chemoselektive α‐Arylierung von Amiden vorgestellt. Durch elektrophile Amidaktivierung können Arylgruppen regioselektiv in α‐Stellung zu Amiden eingeführt werden – sogar in der Gegenwart von Estern und Alkylketonen. Mechanistische Studien zeigen Schlüsselintermediate der Reaktion und heben den subtilen Einfluss der gewählten Base auf die Transformation hervor.
A Twisted Wire‐Shaped Dual‐Function Energy Device for Photoelectric Conversion and Electrochemical Storage
Authors: Sun Hao , You Xiao , Deng Jue , Chen Xuli , Yang Zhibin , Chen Peining , Fang Xin , Peng Huisheng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA wire‐shaped energy device that can perform photoelectric conversion and electrochemical storage was developed through a simple but effective twisting process. The energy wire exhibited a high energy conversion efficiency of 6.58 % and specific capacitance of 85.03 μF cm−1 or 2.13 mF cm−2, and the two functions were alternately realized without sacrificing either performance.
Enantioselective Organo‐Photocatalysis Mediated by Atropisomeric Thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Vallavoju Nandini , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Jockusch Steffen , Sibi Mukund P. , Sivaguru Jayaraman 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCan photocatalysis be performed without electron or energy transfer? To address this, organo‐photocatalysts that are based on atropisomeric thioureas and display lower excited‐state energies than the reactive substrates have been developed. These photocatalysts were found to be efficient in promoting the [2+2] photocycloaddition of 4‐alkenyl‐substituted coumarins, which led to the corresponding products with high enantioselectivity (77–96 % ee) at low catalyst loading (1–10 mol %). The photocatalytic cycle proceeds by energy sharing via the formation of both static and dynamic complexes (exciplex formation), which is aided by hydrogen bonding.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Vinylogous Conjugate Addition of Unsaturated Butyrolactones to α,β‐Unsaturated Thioamides
Authors: Yin Liang , Takada Hisashi , Lin Shaoquan , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSoft Lewis acid/Brønsted base cooperative catalysts have enabled direct catalytic asymmetric vinylogous conjugate addition of α,β‐ and β,γ‐unsaturated butyrolactones to α,β‐unsaturated thioamides with perfect atom economy. When using α‐angelica lactone and its derivatives as pronucleophiles, as little as 0.5 mol % catalyst loading was sufficient to complete the reaction necessary to construct consecutive tri‐ and tetrasubstituted stereogenic centers in a highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective fashion.
Unravelling Secondary Structure Changes on Individual Anionic Polysaccharide Chains by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Schefer Larissa , Adamcik Jozef , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe structural conformations of the anionic carrageenan polysaccharides in the presence of monovalent salt close to physiological conditions are studied by atomic force microscopy. Iota‐carrageenan undergoes a coil–helix transition at high ionic strength, whereas lambda‐carrageenan remains in the coiled state. Polymer statistical analysis reveals an increase in persistence length from 22.6±0.2 nm in the random coil, to 26.4±0.2 nm in the ordered helical conformation, indicating an increased rigidity of the helical iota‐carrageenan chains. The many decades‐long debated issue on whether the ordered state can exist as single or double helix, is conclusively resolved by demonstrating the existence of a unimeric helix formed intramolecularly by a single polymer chain.
Phase morphologies of vulcanized chlorobutyl rubber/polyamide 12 blends: The breakup of pre‐crosslinked CIIR phase
Authors: Yao Pengjun , Tian Ming , Zhang Liqun , Tian Hongchi , Wu Youping , Ning Nanying 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDynamic vulcanization to prepare blended thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) is a kind of complicated blending technology, where the breakup of the rubber phase happens accompanying with the crosslinking of rubber. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of crosslinking on the breakup of chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) phase in thermoplastic polyamide 12 (PA 12) matrix by purposely using pre‐crosslinked CIIR with different crosslink degrees and plasticizer contents. Besides, the effect of blending conditions on the breakup of crosslinked CIIR phase was studied. The results show that a low crosslink degree, a high content of plasticizer, a low blending temperature and a morderate rotor speed of 70 rpm facilitate the breakup of pre‐crosslinked CIIR in PA 12 matrix. This is ascribed to the decrease in the modulus of pre‐crosslinked CIIR phase because of either a low crosslink degree or a high content of plasticizer, the increase in the molten viscosity of thermoplastic matrix because of a low blending temperature and a moderate rotor speed. It is indicated that the breakup of pre‐crosslinked rubber is mainly dominated by the modulus of crosslinked rubber phase as well as the molten viscosity of thermoplastic matrix and shear stress. This study will provide guidance for the preparation of CIIR/PA TPV. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40765.
Development of vegetable‐oil‐based polymers
Authors: Islam Muhammad Remanul , Beg Mohammad Dalour Hossen , Jamari Saidatul Shima 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe utilization of renewable resources for the preparation of new materials is an alternative option for reducing the high demand of fossil feedstocks. Vegetable oils are potential bioresources that are renewable and abundantly available. Triglyceride‐based vegetable oils, such as soybean, jatropha, linseed, sunflower, palm, castor, nahar seed, and canola oil, are being considered as precursors in the production of polymers. In this article, we attempt to summarize advancements in processes and technologies for the synthesis of polymers from various kinds of vegetable oils. The advantages and disadvantages of these biobased polymers with respect to traditional monomer‐based ones are also highlighted. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40787.
Ba2[Pd(HS2O7)2(S3O10)2]: A Heteroleptic Polysulfatopalladate
Authors: Bruns Jörn , Klüner Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe oxidation of elemental palladium with oleum (65 % SO3) in the presence of barium carbonate in torch‐sealed glass ampoules at 180 °C leads to yellow single crystals of the heteroleptic palladate Ba2[Pd(HS2O7)2(S3O10)2] (triclinic, P$\bar 1$; Z=1; a=884.18(3), b=927.68(3), c=938.77(4) pm; α=60.473(1), β=80.266(2), γ=87.746(2)°). The crystal structure shows the Pd2+ ions in a square‐planar coordination of oxygen atoms of two hydrogendisulfate as well as of two trisulfate anions. The compound is the first example of the rarely seen S3O102− and HS2O7− anions acting as ligands in a complex anion and, moreover, the first heteroleptic polysulfatometallate known so far. The complex formation leads to a stabilization of the trisulfate anion relative to its uncoordinated congener. Ba2[Pd(HS2O7)2(S3O10)2] has been further characterized by vibrational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Thermal analyses by means of thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) measurements show that the compound decomposes to yield elemental palladium and BaSO4.
Opportunities for small‐scale biorefinery for production of sugar and ethanol in the Netherlands
Authors: Kolfschoten Ruben C. , Bruins Marieke E. , Sanders Johan P.M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDevelopments such as the Common Agricultural Policy reform, growth of the bio‐based economy, increasing energy prices, increasing sustainability demands, and expected growth of global sugar demand change the environment in which the sugar producing industry operates. In order to remain competitive and profit from this, the traditional large‐scale sugar producing industry can adapt. The aim of this study was to address sustainability and energy issues of the traditional sugar production process and to provide opportunities for improving the process and value chain. The methodological approach included evaluating function and resource usage of the unit operations. More sustainable alternative unit operations and processes were identified and studied. The results indicate that the current sugar production and by‐product valorization focuses on centralized processing and has been individually optimized per sector and industry based on relatively inexpensive transportation and energy without a focus as such on the bio‐based economy. For incorporation of the opportunities, a process for targeting new bio‐based markets and supplementing large‐scale sugar production was designed. It was found that small‐scale biorefineries as an alternative and/or supplementation of the traditional large‐scale process have the ability to increase the overall sustainability of sugarbeet processing, for example reduce energy usage and carbon footprint, by reducing transportation movements. Moreover, it provides opportunities for leaving out certain unit operations and using less capital‐intensive technologies. With a holistic approach throughout the value chain, the introduction of small‐scale biorefineries can help meet the challenges of the sugar producing industry, while simultaneously benefitting people, planet, and profit.
Fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance: Age of syndrome manifestation in case ascertainment
Authors: Moberg D. Paul , Bowser John , Burd Larry , Elliott Amy J. , Punyko Judy , Wilton Georgiana ,   for the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Program–FASSLink Team
Published: April 2014

BackgroundFetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a leading cause of developmental disability (Abel & Sokol, ). Active public health surveillance through medical record abstraction has been used to estimate FAS prevalence rates, typically based on birth cohorts. There is an extended time for FAS characteristics to become apparent in infants and young children, and there are often delays in syndrome recognition and documentation. This methodological study analyzes the age at case ascertainment in a large surveillance program.MethodsThe Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance (FASSLink) Project, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sought to estimate FAS prevalence rates in eight U.S. states. FASSLink used linked abstractions from multiple health care records of suspected cases of FAS. The present study analyzed data from this effort to determine the child's age in months at confirming abstraction.ResultsThe average age at abstraction for confirmed/probable FAS cases (n = 422) was 48.3 (±19.5) months with a range of 0 to 94 months. Age of ascertainment varied by state and decreased with each birth year; the number of cases ascertained also decreased in a steep stepwise gradient over the 6 birth years in the study.ConclusionFAS surveillance efforts should screen records of children who are much older than is typical in birth defects surveillance. To best establish rates of FAS using medical records abstraction, surveillance efforts should focus on 1‐year birth cohorts followed for a fixed number of years or, if using multi‐year cohorts, should implement staggered end dates allowing all births to be followed for up to 8 years of age. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 100:663–669, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.