bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety analysis of endoscopist‐directed propofol sedation: A prospective, national multicenter study of 24 441 patients in German outpatient practices
Authors: Sieg Andreas ,   bng‐Study‐Group, Beck Sebastian , Scholl Sabine G , Heil Franz J , Gotthardt Daniel N. , Stremmel Wolfgang , Rex Douglas K , Friedrich Kilian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimSince 2008, there exists a German S3‐guideline allowing non‐anesthesiological administration of propofol for gastrointestinal endoscopy. In this prospective, national, multicenter study, we evaluated the safety of endoscopist‐administered propofol sedation (EDP) in German outpatient practices of Gastroenterology.MethodsIn this multicenter survey of 53 ambulatory practices of Gastroenterology, we prospectively evaluated 24 441 patients that had received EDP. We recorded adverse events during the endoscopic procedure and additionally retrieved questionnaires investigating subjective parameters 24 h after the endoscopic procedure.ResultsIn 24 441 patients 13 793 colonoscopies, 6467 esophagogastroduodenoscopies, and 4181 double examinations were performed. In this study, 52.1% of the patients received propofol mono‐sedation, and 47.9% received a combination of midazolam and propofol. Major adverse events occurred in four patients (0.016%) enrolled to this study (three mask ventilations and one laryngospasm). Minor adverse events were observed in 112 patients (0.46%) with hypoxemia being the most common minor event. All patients with adverse events recovered without persistent impairment. Minor adverse events occurred more frequently in patients sedated with propofol mono compared to propofol and midazolam (P < 0.0001) and correlated with increasing propofol dosages (P < 0.001; Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.044). Twenty‐four hours after the endoscopy, patients sedated with propofol plus midazolam stated a significantly reduced sensation of pain (P < 0.01) and improved symptoms of dizziness, nausea and vomiting (P < 0.001) compared to patients having received propofol mono‐sedation.ConclusionFour years after the implementation of a German S3‐Guideline for endoscopic sedation, we demonstrated that EDP is a safe procedure.
Phototherapy with artificial light suppresses dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in a mouse model
Authors: Hiratsuka Takahiro , Inomata Masafumi , Goto Shigeru , Oyama Yoshimasa , Nakano Toshiaki , Chen Chao‐Long , Shiraishi Norio , Noguchi Takayuki , Kitano Seigo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimMedical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requires chronic administration and causes side effects. Recently, anti‐inflammatory effects of phototherapy were reported in animal models. The present study evaluated whether phototherapy improves dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in a mouse model of IBD.MethodsMice were divided into four equal groups: Control, DSS, DSS + light low (LL), and DSS + light high (LH) groups. Normal fluorescent light intensity in the Control and DSS groups was 200 lux. Artificial light intensities were as follows: DSS + LL group, 1000 lux; DSS + LH group, 2500 lux. After administering phototherapy for 7 days, we evaluated disease activity index (DAI), histological score, colon length/weight, serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D(3) level, and serum and colonic cytokines in the mice.ResultsDAI and histological scores were significantly lower in the DSS + LL group than in the DSS group (both, P < 0.05). Colon length and weight were significantly higher in the DSS + LL group than in the DSS group (both, P < 0.05). Serum interleukin (IL)‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐17 in the DSS + LL group were significantly lower, and serum and colonic IL‐10 were significantly higher in the DSS + LL group than in the DSS group (all, P < 0.05). Serum 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D(3) levels in the DSS + LH group were significantly increased compared with those in the DSS + LL and DSS groups.ConclusionArtificial light phototherapy suppressed DSS‐induced colitis in mice by suppression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and promotion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines.
A systematic review of the factors associated with interest in predictive genetic testing for obesity, type II diabetes and heart disease
Authors: Collins J. , Ryan L. , Truby H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the future, it may be possible for individuals to take a genetic test to determine their genetic predisposition towards developing lifestyle‐related chronic diseases. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify the factors associated with an interest in having predictive genetic testing for obesity, type II diabetes and heart disease amongst unaffected adults.MethodsOvid Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE online databases were searched using predefined search terms. Publications meeting the inclusion criteria (English language, free‐living adult population not selected as a result of their disease diagnosis, reporting interest as an outcome, not related to a single gene inherited disease) were assessed for quality and content. Narrative synthesis of the results was undertaken.ResultsFrom the 2329 publications retrieved, eight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, the evidence base was small but of positive quality. Interest was associated with personal attitudes towards disease risk and the provision of information about genetic testing, shaped by perceived risk of disease and expected outcomes of testing. The role of demographic factors was investigated with largely inconclusive findings.ConclusionsInterest in predictive genetic testing for obesity, type II diabetes or heart disease was greatest amongst those who perceived the risk of disease to be high and/or the outcomes of testing to be beneficial.
Growth of Korean preterm infants in a family‐centered tradition during early infancy: The influence of health risks, maternal employment, and the sex of infants
Authors: Ahn Youngmee , Sohn Min , Lee Sangmi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimThe physical growth of mild preterm infants (<32 weeks of gestation at birth) needs to be explored in terms of bio‐sociocultural factors considering the sociocultural aspects of child‐care practice.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted with 238 Korean mild preterm infants from birth up to 6 months of corrected age regarding four of the biological and sociocultural factors such as health risks (at birth and discharge), maternal employment status, and the infant sex.ResultsThere were four noteworthy findings on growth variation in Korean mild preterm infants during early infancy: (i) the secular trend of intrauterine growth; (ii) the cumulative adverse effects of four risk factors; (iii) the possible burden of maternal employment if insufficient support; and (iv) the possibility of the cultural favoritism to male infants regardless of the modern industrialized society.ConclusionThe study suggests that, in a modern society, while mild preterm infants could sustain typical fetal growth, the early postnatal growth may vary based on health risks and sociocultural circumstances related to child‐bearing and ‐rearing practices surrounding them.
Post‐injection sciatic neuropathy in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Carrier C.A. , Donnelly K.B. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundIntramuscular injection is a common route parenteral used in primates.MethodsA cynomolgus macaque was evaluated for acute lameness and atrophy of the left leg with no evidence of trauma.ResultsHistory revealed ketamine injection 12 days prior.ConclusionsHistologic examination supported traumatic injection neuropathy due to intramuscular injection.
Effect of root morphology on biomechanical behaviour of premolars associated with abfraction lesions and different loading types
Authors: Soares P. V. , Souza L. V. , Veríssimo C. , Zeola L. F. , Pereira A. G. , Santos‐Filho P. C. F. , Fernandes‐Neto A. J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical behaviour of maxillary premolar teeth regarding root morphology and abfraction depth, submitted to axial and oblique occlusal load. The investigation was conducted using 3D finite element analysis and strain gauge test. Sound maxillary premolar single and double root were selected for 3D model generation. The teeth were scanned for external morphology data acquisition. The 3D geometry was stored in *.STL and exported to Bio‐CAD software (Rhinoceros‐3D) to model generation. Mesh generation, mechanical properties and boundary conditions were performed in finite element software (Femap, Noran Engineering, USA). Twelve models were generated: sound tooth, 1·25 and 2·5 mm abfraction teeth. 100N compressive static load was applied: axially and 45° angle to the long axis on the palatine surface of the buccal cusp. Two strain gauges were bonded on the teeth mounted in a mechanical testing machine. Von Mises criterion showed that the double‐root teeth associated with 2·5 mm abfraction and oblique loading presented higher stress values. Axial loading associated with single‐root teeth propitiated the lowest stress rates. Double root sound 1·25 and 2·5 mm abfraction teeth associated with oblique loading showed the highest strain values (μS): 692·6, 1043·31 and 1236·14, respectively. Single root sound 1·25 and 2·5 mm abfraction teeth associated with oblique loading showed 467·10, 401·51 and 420·98 strain values, respectively. Axial loading showed lower strain rates, ranging from 136·12 to 366·91. The association of deep lesions, oblique loading and double‐root tooth promoted higher stress and strain concentration.
Biocontrol of Late Blight Disease (Phytophthora capsici) of Pepper and the Plant Growth Promotion byPaenibacillus ehimensisKWN38
Authors: Naing Kyaw W. , Anees Muhammad , Nguyen Xuan H. , Lee Yong S. , Jeon Seung W. , Kim Sang J. , Kim Myung H. , Kim Kil Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFor field application of a bacterial strain used to controlPhythophthora capsici, we will need a biologically and economically efficient carrier medium. The known antagonistPaenibacillus ehimensisKWN38 was grown in a grass medium where it showed high antifungal and lytic enzyme activities. To demonstrate the potential ofP. ehimensisKWN38 for biocontrol of late blight disease in pepper, pot trials were conducted by treating the 1‐month‐old plants with water (W), a selected grass medium (G3),GplusP. ehimensisKWN38 inoculation (G3P) or synthetic fungicide (F). The shoot dry weight inG3Pwas higher than that inWandFtreatments at 15 days after zoospore infection (DZI). The root dry weight inG3Pwas also higher than that inW. The root mortality ofG3 andWincreased over 58 and 80% at 15 DZI, and some plants in those treatments wilted due to the failure of root physiology. The plants inG3PandFsurvived well because of their better root health conditions. Soil cellulase activity ofG3Pwas consistently higher than that ofWandFat earlier observation times (0, 2 and 6 DZI). The rootβ‐1,3‐glucanase activity ofG3Ppromptly increased to maximum shortly after zoospore infection and reached the maximum value of 51.12 unit g−1of fresh weight at 2 DZI. All these results indicate that inoculation ofP. ehimensisKWN38 to the root zone of potted pepper plants increases plant growth, root and soil enzyme activities and alleviates the root death caused by infection withP. capsicizoospores.
Non‐invasive hepatic biomarkers (ELF and CK18) in people with type 2 diabetes: the Edinburgh type 2 diabetes study
Authors: Morling Joanne R. , Fallowfield Jonathan A. , Williamson Rachel M. , Nee Lisa D. , Jackson Andrew P. , Glancy Stephen , Reynolds Rebecca M. , Hayes Peter C. , Guha Indra N. , Strachan Mark W. J. , Price Jackie F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsType 2 diabetes is an established risk factor for the presence and progression of fatty liver. Little is known about the distributions and correlates of hepatic non‐invasive biomarkers in community‐based populations with diabetes, unselected for liver disease. We aimed to identify the distribution of, and metabolic risk factors associated with serum cytokeratin‐18 (CK18) and the Enhanced Liver Fibrosis score (ELF), in a large, representative cohort of people with type 2 diabetes (the Edinburgh Type 2 Diabetes Study, ET2DS).MethodsNine hundred and thirty‐nine ET2DS participants, aged 60–74 years underwent physical examination including ultrasound for assessment of liver fat. Representative subgroups were assessed for markers of chronic liver disease (CK18 and ELF).ResultsCK18 values ranged from 29–993 U/L (median 102, IQR 76–137 U/L) and ELF scores ranged from 6.9–11.6 (mean 8.9, SD 0.8). Statistically significant associations were found between both biomarkers and a number of metabolic risk factors. Neither CK18 nor ELF was consistently or strongly associated with established hepatic risk factors (alcohol excess, hepatotoxic medication use and positive immunology titres).ConclusionsWe identified the distribution of CK18 and ELF in a large cohort of older people with type 2 diabetes and showed that these markers are associated with an adverse metabolic risk factor profile, although much of the variation in biomarkers remained unexplained. Prospective studies are required to determine the extent to which CK18 and/or ELF predict the development of symptomatic liver disease and to identify additional risk factors which may influence the development of advanced liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for intestinal resection in patients with superior mesenteric vein thrombosis
Authors: Elkrief Laure , Corcos Olivier , Bruno Onorina , Larroque Beatrice , Rautou Pierre‐Emmanuel , Zekrini Kamal , Bretagnol Frédéric , Joly Francisca , Francoz Claire , Bondjemah Vanessa , Cazals‐Hatem Dominique , Boudaoud Larbi , De Raucourt Emmanuelle , Panis Yves , Goria Odile , Hillaire Sophie , Valla Dominique , Plessier Aurélie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsThe most serious complication of acute mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT) is acute intestinal ischaemia requiring intestinal resection or causing death. Risk factors for this complication are unknown. To identify risk factors for severe intestinal ischaemia leading to intestinal resection in patients with acute MVT.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed consecutive patients seen between 2002 and 2012 with acute MVT in 2 specialized units. Patients with cirrhosis were excluded. We compared patients who required intestinal resection to patients who did not.ResultsAmong 57 patients, a local risk factor was identified in 14 (24%) patients, oral contraceptive use in 16 (29%), and at least one or more other systemic prothrombotic condition in 25 (44%). Five (9%) patients had diabetes mellitus (DM), 33 (58%) had overweight or obesity, 9 (18%) had hypertriglyceridemia and 10 (19%) had arterial hypertension. Eleven patients (19%) underwent intestinal resection. DM was significantly associated with intestinal resection (P = 0.02) while local factors or prothrombotic conditions were not. Computed tomography (CT) scans performed at diagnosis found that occlusion of second order radicles of the superior mesenteric vein was more frequently observed in patients who underwent intestinal resection (P = 0.009).ConclusionsIn acute MVT, patients with underlying DM have an increased risk of requiring intestinal resection. Neither local factors nor systemic prothrombotic conditions are associated with intestinal resection. When CT scan shows the preservation of second order radicles of the superior mesenteric vein, the risk of severe resection is low.
Hepatitis C virus NS5A protein enhances gluconeogenesis through upregulation of Akt‐/JNK‐PEPCK signalling pathways
Authors: Kuo Yi‐Chen , Chen I‐Yin , Chang Shin C. , Wu Shun‐Chi , Hung Tzu‐Min , Lee Po‐Huang , Shimotohno Kunitada , Chang Ming‐Fu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly associated with the type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the detailed mechanisms by which the viral proteins are involved in the clinical outcome remain unclear.MethodsA cDNA microarray analysis was performed following introducing an NS5A‐encoding plasmid or a control vector into a mouse system by hydrodynamics‐based transfection. Differentially expressed genes that are associated with gluconeogenesis were selected and their expression levels in HCV patients, in NS5A‐expressing systems, and in the viral subgenomic replicon system were further examined by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.ResultsDifferential gene expression including an upregulation of the gluconeogenic rate‐limiting enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) compared with controls was detected in mouse hepatocytes expressing HCV NS5A and in HCV patients with diabetes. In addition, an NS5A‐dependent increase in glucose production was demonstrated in human primary hepatocytes. The upregulation of PEPCK and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) were also detected in NS5A‐expressing cells and in the viral genotype 1b subgenomic replicon system. Further studies demonstrated that the NS5A‐mediated upregulation of PEPCK and PGC‐1α genes were resulted from the activation of PI3K‐Akt and JNK signalling pathways. In addition, the expression levels of the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 and the liver‐enriched transcription factor HNF‐4α were increased in HCV NS5A‐expressing cells.ConclusionsBy upregulating the expression of PEPCK gene via its transactivators FoxO1 and HNF‐4α, and the coactivator PGC‐1α, the NS5A promotes the production of hepatic glucose which may contribute to the development of HCV‐associated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Spinal nerve root hypertrophy in distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy
Authors: Fujimaki Yumi , Shimizu Toshio , Bokuda Kota , Yagishita Akira , Nakano Imaharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report a 60‐year‐old man with distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy, who manifested marked spinal root hypertrophy on magnetic resonance imaging. His sensorimotor symptoms were confined to the distal limb regions. The electrophysiological features fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Blood examination showed immunoglobulin G‐λ gammopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed marked hypertrophy of the multiple spinal roots with gadolinium enhancement, accompanied by a tumor‐like lesion with cord compression. Although how the neurological symptoms were confined to the distal regions despite the nerve root hypertrophy remains to be resolved, spinal root lesions should also be evaluated in distal acquired demyelinating symmetric neuropathy as well as classical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.
Enhancing person‐centred communication in NICU: a comparative thematic analysis
Authors: Weis Janne , Zoffmann Vibeke , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAims and objectivesAims of this article were (a) to explore how parents of premature infants experience guided family‐centred care (GFCC), and (b) to compare how parents receiving GFCC versus standard care (SC) describe nurse‐parent communication in the neonatal intensive care unit.BackgroundFamily‐centred care (FCC) is acknowledged as fundamental to supporting parents of premature infants, and communication is central to this practice. Accordingly, nurses need good communication skills. GFCC is an intervention developed to improve nurse‐parent communication in the neonatal intensive care unit. This intervention helps nurses to realize person‐centred communication as an approach to optimize contemporary practice.DesignOur qualitative study had a descriptive and comparative design using semi‐structured interviews to explore the parent's experience of GFCC.MethodsWe conducted 10 dyad interviews with parents (n = 20) and two individual interviews with mothers of premature infants (n = 2). Parents in the intervention group versus SC group were 13 versus 9. Thematic analysis was applied.FindingsGFCC was generally experienced as supportive. Three interrelated themes were identified that illustrated how the intervention helped parents cope as persons, parents and couples: (a) discovering and expressing emotions, (b) reaching a deeper level of communication, and (c) obtaining mutual understanding. In contrast, SC communication was more superficial and less structured. Factors such as inaccessibility of nurses, inability to ask for assistance and parent popularity impaired successful communication.Conclusion and implications for practiceOur study suggested that compared to SC, GFCC provided structured delivery of supportive communication between nurses and parents of premature infants. The intervention promoted the discovery of the parents' individual preferences and concerns, which enabled more focused communication, and set the stage for better nurse‐parent and parent‐parent understanding. We recommend GFCC as a method to improve communication in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Critical care nurses' experiences of helicopter transfers
Authors: Senften Jonah , Engström Åsa 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundIntensive care is conducted in intensive care units (ICUs), and also during the transportation of critically ill people.AimThe aim of the study was to describe critical care nurses' (CCNs) experiences of nursing critically ill patients during helicopter transport.ParticipantsSeven CCNs, five women and two men participated in this study.DesignSeven participants from two centres in Sweden were recruited. The design uses an inductive, qualitative approach with data collected by means of qualitative interviews with seven CCNs.MethodsThe interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to qualitative thematic content analysis.ResultsThe analysis resulted in one theme which is safe nursing care, but sometimes feeling afraid and six categories as follows: experiencing the care environment as an ICU with limited space; a loud environment complicates communication; planning and checking to minimize risks; experience and good co‐operation; facing the dilemma of allowing relatives to accompany the patient or not; feeling the patient's and their own fear.ConclusionCCNs plan for the transportation and control of patients to improve patient safety, but can sometimes feel afraid. Good co‐operation is necessary.Relevance to clinical practiceThe possibilities for CCNs to provide effective nursing care in helicopters are good, although in some cases limited by the environmental conditions.
Cerebral blood flow in the neonate
Authors: Vutskits Laszlo 
Published: November 2013

SummaryEnsuring adequate oxygenation of the developing brain is the cornerstone of neonatal critical care. Despite decades of clinical research dedicated to this issue of paramount importance, our knowledge and understanding regarding the physiology and pathophysiology of neonatal cerebral blood flow are still rudimentary. This review primarily focuses on currently available human clinical and experimental data on cerebral blood flow and autoregulation in the preterm and term infant. Limitations of systemic blood pressure values as surrogates for monitoring adequate cerebral oxygen delivery are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the high interindividual variability in cerebral blood flow values, vasoreactivity, and autoregulatory thresholds making the applications of normative values highly questionable. Technical and ethical difficulties to conduct such trials leave us with a near complete lack of knowledge on how pharmacological and surgical interventions impact on cerebral autoregulation. The ensemble of these works argues for the necessity of highly individualized care by taking advantage of continuous bedside monitoring of cerebral circulation. They also point to the urgent need for further studies addressing the exciting but difficult issue of cerebral blood flow autoregulation in the neonate.