bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Health and Developmental Outcomes After Cesarean Birth in an Australian Cohort
Authors: Robson Stephen J. , Vally Hassan , Abdel-Latif Mohamed E. , Yu Maggie , Westrupp Elizabeth 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Concerns have been raised about associations between cesarean delivery and childhood obesity and asthma. However, published studies have not examined the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes or fully addressed confounding influences. We used data from the LSAC (Longitudinal Study of Australian Children) to explore the relationship between cesarean delivery and physical and socio-emotional outcomes from 0 to 7 years, taking into account confounding factors.

METHODS:
Data were from 5 waves of LSAC representing 5107 children born in 2003 and 2004. Outcome measures included: global health, asthma, BMI, use of prescribed medication, general development, medical conditions and/or disabilities, special health care needs, and socio-emotional development. Models adjusted for birth factors, social vulnerability, maternal BMI, and breastfeeding.

RESULTS:
Children born by cesarean delivery were more likely to have a medical condition at 2 to 3 years (odds ratio: 1.33; P = .03), use prescribed medication at 6 to 7 years (odds ratio: 1.26; P = .04), and have a higher BMI at 8 to 9 years (coefficient: 0.08; P = .05), although this last effect was mediated by maternal obesity. Parent-reported quality of life for children born by cesarean delivery was lower at 8 to 9 years (coefficient: –0.08; P = .03) but not at younger ages. Contrasting this finding, cesarean delivery was associated with better parent-reported global health at 2 to 3 years (odds ratio: 1.23; P = .05) and prosocial skills at age 6 to 7 years (coefficient: 0.09; P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS:
Cesarean delivery was associated with a mix of positive and negative outcomes across early childhood, but overall there were few associations, and these were not consistent across the 5 waves. This study does not support a strong association between cesarean delivery and poorer health or neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood.
Racial and Regional Differences in Rates of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease
Authors: de St Maurice Annabelle , Grijalva Carlos G. , Fonnesbeck Christopher , Schaffner William , Halasa Natasha B. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains an important cause of illness in US children. We assessed the impact of introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) on pediatric IPD rates, as well as changes in racial and regional differences in IPD, in Tennessee.

METHODS:
Data from active laboratory and population-based surveillance of IPD were used to compare IPD rates in the early-PCV7 (2001–2004), late-PCV7 (2005–2009), and post-PCV13 (2011–2012) eras. IPD rates were further stratified according to age, race, and region (east and middle-west TN).

RESULTS:
Among children aged &lt;2 years, IPD rates declined by 70% from 67 to 19 per 100 000 person-years in the early-PCV7 era and post-PCV13 era, respectively. Similar decreasing trends in IPD rates were observed in older children aged 2 to 4 years and 5 to 17 years. In the late-PCV7 era, IPD rates in children aged &lt;2 years were higher in black children compared with white children (70 vs 43 per 100 000 person-years); however, these racial differences in IPD rates were no longer significant after PCV13 introduction. Before PCV13, IPD rates in children aged &lt;2 years were also higher in east Tennessee compared with middle-west Tennessee (91 vs 45 per 100 000 person-years), but these differences were no longer significant in the post-PCV13 era.

CONCLUSIONS:
PCV13 introduction led to substantial declines in childhood IPD rates and was associated with reduced regional and racial differences in IPD rates in Tennessee.
Expression of Leadership Skills of Music Teacher
Authors: Talalienė Živilė , Šečkuvienė Henrika 
Published: October 2015

Leadership in contemporary society is perceived as a process, which contributes to efficient solution of constantly emerging problems in business, pedagogical and social spheres. Over the last period a rapid progress of science and various technologies has been observed and leadership has acquired a significant status in education as well. To make leadership a natural phenomenon at school, there is a need for a harmoniously functioning link: authorities-leaders; teachers - leaders, who should educate a new generation of school learners-leaders. A teacher of music or a leader of music collective has to rally school learners for attainment of common goals: to develop music abilities during lessons of music; to satisfy needs for music expression during non-formal activities. Therefore, this mission may be implemented only by a teacher-leader.
The object of the research: leadership skills of music teacher.
The goal of the research: to reveal peculiarities of expression of music teacher’s leadership skills.
The research methods: analysis of scientific literature, semi-structured interview, qualitative content analysis.
The analysis of scientific literature on leadership issues was carried out during the research and leadership skills that are most characteristic of music teachers were highlighted. On the basis of the distinguished abilities, the model of expression of leadership skills of music teacher of general education school was designed. The semi-structured interview was conducted and its sample included six respondents. The data acquired during the interview were processed employing the qualitative content analysis.
The results of the research showed that the identified leadership skills of music teacher may be characterised through the following features:
• Motivation (inspiration) for music activities is manifested during lessons and extracurriculum music activities.
• Communication and collaboration is seen through joint activities with teachers of other study subjects, administration and learners’ parents. Successful communication is predetermined by friendly, sincere, mutual and responsible style of communication.
• Ability to solve problems that emerge during music activities is revealed through collaboration with class master, colleagues and specialists, clarification of situation, individual conversations, sincere communication, professional attitude, understanding of group needs, prioritising of the goal to be attained over personal needs.
• Management of stressful situations is expressed through recognition of conflict situations, application of various conflict resolution ways, control of emotions, positive attitude and understanding of behaviour, which typical of a certain age group of a learner.
The research results showed that leadership skills are very important to successful activities of a music teacher because a music teacher-leader has a vision and able to rally children for joint music activities to achieve as good results as possible.
Expression of Capacities of Future Teachers after Performing of their Pedagogical Practice and Directions of their Improvement
Authors: Barkauskaitė Marijona , Guoba Andrius 
Published: October 2015

Education, school, teacher are considered as the main factors for the societal development in the process of the rapid changing. Thus training of the competent pedagogue is indicated as the main objective for the education strategy. For pursuit and realising of quality training it is of crucial importance to have the feedback and information from the future teachers after performing of their pedagogical practice in schools. Through self-assessment of their capacities in solving problems encountered in organizing educational process, as well as assessment of their pedagogical capacities provided by the teachers and teacher-experts, can determine and scientifically evidence directions and forms for improvement of the study process of teacher training.
Data of the scientific research indicated that future teachers after self-assessment of their own capacities after performing of their pedagogical practice, already have majority of capacities required within the educational process. This was proven also by the teachers and teacher-experts. Nevertheless respondents indicated capacities and competencies that were lacking for the work with pupils. Those are: difficulties in raising concrete targets for the lesson, managing class, motivating and assessing pupils, individualising teaching process, etc. Research has also justified the need and directions for improvement of the studies and concrete subject.
Fast solidification kinetics of parts of bituminous binders
Authors: Fischer Hartmut R. , Dillingh Bert , Ingenhut Bastiaan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A quantification of the kinetics of formation of the micro-phases in bitumen during cooling as it occurs in applications, e.g. a road pavement will enable a better prediction of the performance of asphalt in models and an understanding of functional properties and their development in time. This microphase formation is part of the process of physical ageing (hardening) and starts almost immediately after or instantaneously during cooling. The earlier proposed process of liquid liquid demixing within bitumen upon cooling is followed by a, at the beginning homogeneously nucleated and three-dimensional crystallization, which changes in the course of crystallization to 2-dimensional crystal growth and mixed nucleation, both homogeneous and heterogeneous.
Caffeic Acid Inhibits NFkappaB Activation of Osteoclastogenesis Signaling Pathway
Authors: Sandra Ferry , Kukita Toshio , Tang Quan Yong , Iijima Tadahiko 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acids) is involved in various green plants. Based on our previous report, a major component of sweet potato extracts, possibly caffeic acid, was shown as a promising inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. However, the effect of caffeic acid in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis needs to be confirmed. The underlying mechanism needs to be disclosed as well.METHODS: Caffeic acid in various concentrations was added to in vitro osteoclastogenesis of receptor activator nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL)-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-induced bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells (BMMs) and RANKL-TNF-α-induced RAW264 cells D-Clone (RAW-D cells). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed and TRAP-positive polynucleated cells (PNCs) were counted. For apoptosis analysis, caffeic acid-treated BMMs, RAW-D cells and osteoclast-like PNCs were subjected to Sub-G1 Apoptosis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. To measure NFkB activity, RAW-D cells were transfected with pNFkB-TA-Luc and subjected to Dual Luciferase Reporter Assay System.RESULTS: Caffeic acid inhibited osteoclastogenesis of RANKL-TNF-α-M-CSF-induced BMMs as well as RANKL-TNF-α-induced RAW-D cells in a dose dependent manner. Caffeic acid did not induce apoptosis in BMMs, RAW-D cells and osteoclast-like PNCs. RANKL-TNF-α-induced NFkB activity in RAW-D was diminished by caffeic acid in a dose dependent manner. Significant NFkB activity inhibtion was observed starting from 1 µg/mL caffeic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Caffeic acid could be a potent osteoclastogenesis inhibitor through inhibition of NFkB activity. Our present study should be further followed up to disclose caffeic acid's possible overlying signaling pathways in inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.KEYWORDS: caffeic acid, osteoclastogenesis, NFkB, RANKL, TNF-α
The Dynamic Roles of Visfatin and Obestatin Serum Concentration in Pancreatic Beta Cells Dysfunction (HOMA-beta) and Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) in Centrally Obese Men
Authors: Putera Bayu Winata , Sartika Cynthia Retna , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major health problem in the world today. Obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological studies have shown that obese persons are in a state of insulin resistance, however, most of them do not progress to type 2 diabetes. This occurs because the beta cell function is still good enough for maintaining normal glucose level. Obestatin and visfatin are cytokines that are known to have a role in beta cell function. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between visfatin and obestatin and Homeostasis Model Assessment of beta cell function (HOMA-β) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 80 central obesity men with waist circumference >90 cm, age 30-65 years old. Visfatin and obestatin were measured by ELISA method. Beta pancreas cell dysfunction and insulin resistance were calculated by HOMA model.RESULTS: Our study showed a correlation between visfatin and HOMA-β (r=0.244 and p = 0.029) and visfatin with HOMA-IR (r=0.287 and p=0.001) and no correlation was found between obestatin with HOMA-β (r=0.010 and p=0.990) and obestatin with HOMA-IR (r=0.080 and p=0.480). We also found visfatin and obestatin concentrations were fluctuative depending on the measurements of the waist circumferences.CONCLUSIONS: High visfatin and low obestatin concentration were independently associated with increased beta pancreas cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.KEYWORDS: obesity. visfatin, obestatin, beta cell dysfunction (HOMA-β), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)
Association Between Cathepsin S, Cystatin C and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) with Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) in Men with Central Obesity
Authors: Harefa Emmy F , Patellongi Ilhamjaya , Kaniawati Marita 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a central feature of the atherosclerotic process particularly in obesity. hsCRP, a marker of inflammation, may be directly involved in all phases of atheroslerosis by complement activation, apoptosis, vascular cell activation, monocyte recruitment, lipid accumulation and thrombosis. Inflammation has a causal relationship with cysteine proteases including cathepsin S. Therefore, cathepsin S is considered as a molecular link between obesity and atherosclerosis. An imbalance between elastolytic cysteine proteases, cathepsin S and its inhibitor, cystatin C, is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Some studies have shown that increased circulating levels of cathepsin S, hsCRP and cystatin C in inflammatory conditions contribute to atherosclerosis. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between ox-LDL and cathepsin S, and cystatin C and hsCRP in men with central obesity.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 71 male subjects with central obesity (waist circumference ≥90 cm), with no renal dysfunction, aged 30-60 years.RESULTS: Cathepsin S did not have a significant correlation with ox-LDL (r=0.158, p=0.096). ox-LDL had positive correlation with cystatin C (r=0.156; p=0.029) and hsCRP (r=0.204; p=0.045), and cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios (r=0.360; p=0.024) at level >91 U/L (median ox-LDL).CONCLUSIONS: There were associations between ox-LDL and cystatin C, hsCRP and cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios in men with central obesity.KEYWORDS: obesity, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hsCRP, cystatin C, cathepsin S, ox-LDL
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Future Regenerative System Medicine
Authors: Lina Yani , Wijaya Andi 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: The potential use of stem cell-based therapies for repair and regeneration of various tissues and organs offers a paradigm shift that may provide alternative therapeutic solutions for a number of disease. Despite the advances, the availability of stem cells remaining a challenge for both scientist and clinicians in pursuing regenerative medicine. CONTENT: Subcutaneous human adipose tissue is an abundant and accessible cell source for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Routinely, the adipose issue is digested with collagenase or related lytic enzymes to release a heterogeneous population for stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. The SVF cells can be used directly or can be cultured in plastic ware for selection and expansion of an adherent population known as adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs). Their potential in the ability to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and other mesenchymal lineages, as well in their other clinically useful properties, includes stimulation of angiogenesis and suppression of inflammation.SUMMARY: Adipose tissue is now recognized as an accessible, abundant and reliable site for the isolation of adult stem cels suitable for the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The past decade has witnessed an explosion of preclinical data relating to the isolation, characterization, cryopreservation, differentiation, and transplantation of freshly isolated stromal vascular fraction cells and adherent, culture-expanded, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in vitro and in animal models.KEYWORDS: adipose tissue, adult stem cells, regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells
Clustering-Based Optimal Perforation Design Using Well Logs
Authors: Popa A. , Hao M. , Cassidy S. D. , Cover A. , Shepherd D. , Jikich S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In an effort to better understand the well performance in one of the Chevron's assets in San Joaquin Valley, a study was conducted to evaluate the perforation strategies and capture best practices. Well completion through perforation is typically performed using bare essential technology such as wireline logs and perforation guns. For basic reservoir formations simple rules-of-thumb are used for perforation spacing and interval lengths. These are rarely validated by other methods, such as production logging and micro-seismic monitoring. For more challenging lithology, a more appropriate approach would be to place perforation clusters in target formations with similar properties.
The research paper presents an efficient use of fuzzy clustering technology for identification of optimum perforation strategy in a challenging waterflood diatomite reservoir. The methodology was applied on all newly drilled wells in the reservoir (within the last two years) and found that this new approach improved our understanding over previous practices, not only by designing optimum perforations but also an increased production was observed.
Cluster analysis is the task of grouping a set of objects in such a way that objects in the same group (called a cluster) are more similar to each other (in some sense or another) than to those in other clusters. There are two commonly used types of clustering methods: hard and fuzzy clustering. In hard clustering, data is divided into distinct clusters, where each data element belongs to exactly one cluster. In fuzzy clustering, data elements can belong to more than one cluster, and associated with each element is a set of membership levels.
The fuzzy clustering algorithm, also known as Fuzzy C-Mean (FCM) algorithm, was applied to log data of wells from different areas of a reservoir. Based on the clustering results, the workflow then identified whether the perforation was performed on "good" regions (sand) or on "bad" regions (shale bedding). This information allowed the evaluation of perforation jobs executed and allowed capturing best practices and design changes for future well completions.
The case study presents a simple, yet efficient workflow to extract additional information from logs and improve completion strategies and perforation design. The methodology is flexible and can be applied to any well where complex lithology creates a challenge in defining the optimum perforation intervals.
Impact of Nanoscale Pore Confinement on Estimation of Gas Resources and Gas/Condensate Behavior in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Allawe E. M. , Stockdale A. P. , Aminiaa K. , Ameri S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The reservoir fluid properties exhibit significant deviation from their bulk properties under confinement in nanopores. As a result, storage capacity and recovery can be impacted in the shale reservoir due to nanoscale pore structure. It is therefore critical to investigate the impact of pore confinement to accurately estimate the gas resources and the phase behavior in the shale reservoirs. In this study, the shift in critical properties of the typical Marcellus Shale gas confined in different size nanopores were determined. The adjusted fluid properties was then used to estimate the gas deviation factor for dry gas and to predict the phase behavior of gas/condensate. The gas/condensate fluid model was then used in a compositional reservoir simulator in order to estimate the liquid recovery from a Marcellus Shale gas/condensate reservoir developed by hydraulically fractured horizontal well.
The results indicate that the gas storage capacity of the shale is altered by the pore confinement. The degree of the fluid properties alteration by pore proximity in the shale depends on the composition of the gas mixture and the size of the nanopores. Therefore to accurately estimate the gas resources in the shale reservoirs, it is necessary to incorporate the alteration of the gas deviation factor by pore proximity. In gas/condensate shale reservoirs the fluid confinement could have either positive or negative impact on the liquid recovery depending on the pore size. The results of the investigation can provide an insight relative to production optimization and economic recovery of gas/condensate reservoirs in the unconventional resources.
Evolving Air Regulations Are Causing Inconsistencies Across the Marcellus Shale Basin
Authors: Seguljic Thomas S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Twenty years ago geologists involved in the Appalachian Basin's oil and gas industry knew about the Devonian black shale called the Marcellus, its black color made it easy to identify. However, at the time, very few of these geologists were excited about the Marcellus Shale as a major source of natural gas. Wells drilled into the formation produced some gas but rarely in commercially viable volumes. Few if any in the natural gas industry suspected that the Marcellus would soon be a major contributor to the natural gas supply of the United States – large enough to be called a "super giant" gas field. (King, 2015).