bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in vacuum‐formed mouthguard thickness according to heating condition
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru , Takahashi Mutsumi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the vacuum‐formed mouthguard thickness by the heating condition within the proper heating temperature.Materials and methodsThe material used in this study was a mouthguard sheet of 3.8‐mm ethylene vinyl acetate. The sheets were formed by vacuum forming using a vacuum‐pressure former. Three heating conditions were prepared: The sheet was heated until the center was displaced by 10, 15, and 20 mm from baseline. We measured mouthguard thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor, buccal surface of the first molar, and occlusal surface of the first molar. Differences in thickness in different regions of mouthguards formed under different heating conditions were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method.ResultsWe found that mouthguard thickness differed in different regions of the central incisors and the first molars (P < 0.01). The incisal (cusp) region was thinner than the cervical region. There was statistically significant difference among the heating conditions at the buccal surface of the first molar (P < 0.01), and the thickness became larger as the sheet was heated. Mouthguard thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor and occlusal surface of the first molar did not differ among the three heating conditions.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the best heating condition within the proper temperature was the condition that the sheet was heated until its center displaced by 20 mm. This finding is necessary knowledge when forming a mouthguard sheet.
Post traumatic immediate GBR: alveolar ridge preservation after a comminuted fracture of the anterior maxilla
Authors: Kim Yongsoo , Leem Dae Ho 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWithout a proper intervention, a crushed alveolar process fracture can cause significant dimensional changes on affected hard and soft tissue that lead to difficult circumstances for post traumatic bone augmentation and dental implant placement. We present herein the cases of immediate guided bone regeneration (GBR) for the maxillary anterior alveolar process with comminuted fracture. Shortly after the hospital visit, guided bone regeneration was conducted for three patients using only xenograft material and bone fragments from traumatic site, without an additional donor site. Resorbable collagen membrane was used on the bone graft site, and titanium mesh was also used if significant bone loss were expected. Radiographic evaluation 6 months after GBR confirmed that all three cases had sufficiently preserved alveolar bone which is clinically required for implant placement. Dental implant installation was carried out for two patients and no specific findings were noted in follow‐up after the placement. In this method, additional operation sites for bone collection are not necessary and the number of surgical steps before implant placement can be reduced. Furthermore, this immediate intervention can effectively minimize the alveolar ridge shrinkage of anterior maxilla after injury.
Raloxifene modulates regulators of osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis in an oestrogen deficiency periapical lesion model
Authors: Gomes‐Filho J. E. , Wayama M. T. , Dornelles R. C. M. , Ervolino E. , Yamanari G. H. , Lodi C. S. , Sivieri‐Araújo G. , Dezan‐Júnior E. , Cintra L. T. A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo analyse the local regulatory mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis during the progression of periapical lesions in female rats with oestrogen deficiency and treatment with raloxifene (RLX).MethodologyFemale Wistar rats were distributed into groups: SHAM‐veh, subjected to sham surgery and treated with a vehicle; OVX‐veh, subjected to ovary removal and treated with a vehicle; and OVX‐RLX, subjected to ovary removal and treated with RLX. Vehicle or RLX was administered orally for 90 days. During treatment, the dental pulp of mandibular first molars was exposed to the oral environment for induction of periapical lesions, which were analysed after 7 and 30 days. After the experimental periods, blood samples were collected for measurement of oestradiol, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. The rats were euthanized and the mandibles removed and processed for immunohistochemical detection of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Data were compared using Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn test (nonparametric values) and anova followed by the Tukey's test (parametric values).ResultsThe plasma concentration of oestradiol showed hypo‐oestrogenism in the rats subjected to ovary removal. On day 7, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium and phosphorus were higher in the OVX‐RLX group than in the OVX‐veh group (P < 0.001), but immunolabelling for RANKL and HIF‐1α was lower in OVX‐RLX group (P < 0.001). On day 30, the OVX‐veh group had higher immunolabelling for RANKL than the OVX‐RLX group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the immunoreactivity of OPG and BALP between any groups at either time‐point (P > 0.05).ConclusionRLX therapy reversed the increased levels of the local regulators of both osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis induced by oestrogen deficiency.
Looking Behavior at Test and Relational Memory in 6‐Month‐Old Infants
Authors: Chong Hui Jun , Richmond Jenny L. , Wong Johnny , Qiu Anqi , Rifkin‐Graboi Anne 
Published: October 2014

Small‐scale eye‐tracking research lends support to behavioral studies of relational memory by 6 months of life. Here, in the largest eye‐tracking test of relational memory to date (n = 276), we replicate these findings and examine the impact of excluding data based on looking behavior characteristics at test. Past work examining infants' preferential looking toward arbitrary‐paired objects and scenes has excluded infants from analysis based upon “insufficient looking” at test. Yet, research suggests that variation in looking behavior may be associated with looking patterns during encoding, as well as trait‐like differences in visual and cognitive processing. Similar to past research, we observed evidence for relational memory among 6‐month‐olds. In keeping with past research, when infants were excluded based on “insufficient looking,” we observed evidence for relational memory only when infants were tested immediately. However, when exclusion criteria were relaxed, infants specifically demonstrated preferential looking during a presumably more difficult delay‐plus‐interference condition. Moreover, analyses revealed that looking behavior during encoding was associated with looking behavior at test. Together, results suggest that infants do possess rudimentary relational memory capabilities, but that experimenters' ability to detect these capabilities is influenced by both experimental conditions and individual differences in looking behavior.
Successful treatment of PASH syndrome with infliximab, cyclosporine and dapsone
Authors: Staub J. , Pfannschmidt N. , Strohal R. , Braun‐Falco M. , Lohse P. , Goerdt S. , Leverkus M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe group of autoinflammatory syndromes associated with Pyoderma gangrenosum, Acne, and Suppurative Hidradenitis are poorly defined and difficult to control with currently available treatment modalities.ObjectivesWe describe a patient with PASH syndrome and report about the successful multimodal treatment with infliximab, cyclosporine, and dapsone.MethodsA review of the available literature to date about this group of autoinflammatory diseases was performed. We performed genetic analysis for PSTPIP1 mutations associated with PAPA syndrome.ResultsA 22‐year‐old woman presented to our department with pyoderma gangrenosum, concomitant acne, and suppurative hidradenitis. She had previously been treated unsuccessfully with etanercept, adalimumab, fumaric acid and the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) anakinra without prolonged remission. Treatment with intravenous infliximab in combination with cyclosporine and dapsone lead to sudden and prolonged improvement of the clinical symptoms that we classified as PASH syndrome. We review the literature about this group of diseases and report the third case of PASH syndrome to date.ConclusionPASH syndrome and associated diseases should be considered whenever hidradenitis suppurativa is found in association with pyoderma gangrenosum. We provide a systematic overview about PASH syndrome and suggest a novel multimodal therapeutic regimen beyond isolated inhibition of TNF or IL‐1.
Randomized, three‐arm study to optimize lamivudine efficacy in hepatitis B e antigen‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Liang Xieer , Cheng Jun , Sun Yongtao , Chen Xinyue , Li Tong , Wang Hao , Jiang Jianning , Chen Xiaoping , Long Hui , Tang Hong , Yu Yanyan , Sheng Jifang , Chen Shijun , Niu Junqi , Ren Hong , Shi Junping , Dou Xiaoguang , Wan Mobin , Jiang Jiaji , Xie Qing , Shi Guangfeng , Ning Qin , Chen Chengwei , Tan Deming , Ma Hong , Sun Jian , Jia Jidong , Zhuang Hui , Hou Jinlin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimData about the efficacy of de novo combination therapies, or optimization strategy by adding the other drug based on the virological response at week 24 of low genetic barrier antiviral agents is still limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy at week 104 of lamivudine monotherapy (MONO), lamivudine plus adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) combination therapy (COMBO), and lamivudine optimization strategy (OPTIMIZE).MethodsAdult patients without antiviral therapy within 6 months before screening with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐DNA ≥ 105 copies/mL, alanine aminotransferase 1.3–10 times upper limit of normal and compensated hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were randomized into three groups with 1:1:1 ratio. Patients in OPTIMIZE group started with lamivudine 100 mg q.d., and ADV 10 mg q.d. was added to suboptimal responders (HBV‐DNA > 1000 copies/mL at week 24) from week 30 to week 104, whereas patients with early virological response (HBV‐DNA ≤ 1000 copies/mL at week 24) continued MONO until week 104. For all the patients receiving MONO, ADV would be added if virological breakthrough was confirmed.ResultsAt week 104, more patients in COMBO and OPTIMIZE groups achieved HBV‐DNA < 300 copies/mL (53.3% [64/120] and 48.3% [58/120]), with less lamivudine resistance (0.8% and 6.7%) compared with MONO group (HBV‐DNA < 300 copies/mL 34.8% [41/118], lamivudine resistance 58.5%). Patients under MONO with early virological response showed superior efficacy at week 104 (HBV‐DNA < 300 copies/mL 73.1% [38/52], HBeAg seroconversion 40.4% [21/52]). All regimens were well tolerated.ConclusionCombination therapy of lamivudine plus ADV exhibited effective viral suppression and relatively low resistance in HBeAg‐positive CHB patients. In lamivudine‐treated patients with suboptimal virological response at week 24, promptly adding on ADV is necessary to prevent resistance development.
Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and lymphoproliferative disorders: Mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Caviglia Gian Paolo , Sciacca Claudio , Abate Maria Lorena , Olivero Antonella , Rosso Chiara , Touscoz Giovanni Antonio , Ciancio Alessia , Rizzetto Mario , Smedile Antonina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimChronic hepatitis C (CHC) has been associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) such as mixed cryoglobulinemia syndrome (MCS), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), and B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL). The aim of the present study is to assess MCS, MGUS, and B‐NHL prevalence in a cohort of CHC‐infected patients and to evaluate the association of demographic, clinical, and virologic factors with the presence of LPDs.MethodsA total of 121 CHC patients with LPDs (50 M, 71 F; mean age 61.5 ± 11.8) and 130 CHC patients without extrahepatic manifestations (60 M, 70 F; mean age 60.4 ± 9.2) were retrospectively enrolled from a cohort of 1313 CHC patients between January 2006 and December 2013. Patients with LPDs included: 25 patients with MCS (9 M, 16 F; mean age 60.2 ± 1.4), 55 patients with MGUS (18 M, 37 F; mean age 61.3 ± 12.1), and 41 patients with B‐NHL (23 M, 18F; mean age 62.5 ± 11.0)ResultsPatients with MCS (25/1313; 1.9%), MGUS (55/1313; 4.2%), and B‐LNH (41/1313; 3.1%) did not differ in age, severity of liver disease, HCV genotype, and response to antiviral therapy. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, a positive association was found between the presence of cirrhosis and MGUS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8924, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2693–6.5909; P = 0.012) and between cirrhosis and B‐NHL (OR = 3.9407, 95%CI 1.7226–9.0153; P = 0.001), whereas no association with MCS diagnosis emerged.ConclusionDespite the pathogenetic mechanism of HCV‐associated LPDs is still unclear, cirrhosis is an additional risk factor for the development of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients with chronic HCV infection.
“Dangerous” Youth: Tourism Space, Gender Performance, and the Policing of Havana Street Hustlers
Authors: Hodge G. Derrick 
Published: October 2014

ResumenEl desarrollo del sector turismo salvó a la economía cubana del colapso económico en la década de las 1990s, pero también produjo nuevos problemas de control social. Frente a estos últimos, la re‐especialización de la vida social fue obligatoria y las instituciones existentes resultaron insuficientes. La migración hacia La Habana sobrecargó la infraestructura urbana; los turistas extranjeros introdujeron ideas, valores y comportamientos que eran incompatibles con las normas revolucionarias; y la imagen turística se vio amenazada por estafadores, ladrones de poca monta y trabajadores sexuales. La solución fue la creación de una nueva fuerza policial que opera en y alrededor de las zonas turísticas y se especializa en el control de las interacciones entre cubanos jóvenes y los turistas. Los oficiales de la “Policía Especializada” acosan constantemente a los jóvenes de la calle; sin embargo, los datos etnográficos indican que los jóvenes y los oficiales comparten una lógica de género que a veces los vuelve semejantes. Ambos ocupan un lugar complejo e incierto en relación con las cambiantes fronteras socio‐culturales de la nación y el estado. El análisis convoca a la geografía crítica y la teoría de género como performance para comprender palabras y experiencias de los pingueros.
Sensory Perception of Yackwa (Korean Traditional Fried Cookie) by Consumer Groups of Different Age Using the Sorted Napping Procedure
Authors: Park H.S. , Lê S. , Hong J.H. , Kim K.O. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate sensory perception of Korean traditional fried cookie (Yackwa) by two Korean consumer groups of different age (ages in 20s and ages in 30–40s). The sorted napping procedure was applied to evaluate a set of 12 commercial Yackwa samples. Each subject was asked to locate each sample based on perceived similarities and then group the samples according to her own criteria. Verbalization task for each group of samples was also carried out. Data obtained from the sorted napping test were subjected to hierarchical multiple factor analysis. Both groups differentiated the samples mainly according to textural properties resulting from their manufacturing type. However, the older group located the samples from the same company that produces Yackwa following traditional recipe close to each other even though their types were different, whereas the younger group sorted the samples mainly by the manufacturing type. This difference in perception between two age groups might have resulted from the fact that older consumers recognized the flavor of more traditional products better than the younger group due to more exposure to those products.Practical ApplicationsThis study investigated consumer perception of Yackwa (traditional Korean cookie). It is expected that more consumer‐based characterization, which is explained by their own words, can help researchers to understand what important sensory dimensions are for consumers. In addition, by comparing different consumer groups, this study will provide insight that can help to develop effective strategies for commercializing traditional foods for targeted generations of consumers.
Assessment of Ethiopian Wheat Lines for Slow Rusting Resistance to Stem Rust of Wheat Caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici
Authors: Hei Netsanet , Shimelis Hussein Ali , Laing Mark , Admassu Belayneh 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe emergence and rapid spread of virulent races of wheat stem rust has driven a search for sources of resistance for durable resistance breeding. This study was carried out to identify possible sources of stem rust resistance between Ethiopian wheat lines. Two hundred and fifty‐two wheat accessions and a universal suscept, cultivar Morocco were evaluated for their resistance at the seedling stage to the stem rust isolate Ug99 in a controlled environment. Ninety‐one lines that exhibited intermediate and susceptible seedling reactions were further field tested in 2012 main season for their slow rusting characteristics. Among the 91, 38 genotypes that had high to moderate level of slow rusting were advanced to a 2013 off season field evaluation. Slow rusting resistance at the adult‐plant stage was assessed through the determination of final disease severity (FRS), coefficient of infection (CI), and relative area under disease progressive curve (rAUDPC). The results revealed that wheat lines H04‐2, 204408‐3, 214551‐1, 231545‐1, 7041‐1, 7514‐1, 226385‐1, 226815‐1, 7579‐1 and 222495‐1 had low values of FRS, CI and rAUDPC and were regarded as good slow rusting lines. Of these 231545‐1, 7041‐1, 226815‐1 and 7579‐1 exhibited complete susceptibility at the seedling stage, with infection types ranging from 3− to 3+, which suggests that they possess true slow rusting resistance. Lines 237886‐1, 227059‐1, 203763‐1, 226275‐1, 227068‐2, 226278‐1 and 7994‐1 had moderate values for the stem rust resistance parameters and were identified as possessing a moderate level of slow rusting. High correlations were observed between different parameters of slow rusting. Among the slow rusting lines 231545‐1, H04‐2 and 222495‐1 had high yields and kernel weight in both seasons. The slow rusting lines identified from this study can be used to breed for stem rust resistance in wheat.
Detection of 11 beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor in various adipose tissue depots of dairy cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acids
Authors: Friedauer K. , Dänicke S. , Schulz K. , Sauerwein H. , Häussler S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryEarly lactating cows mobilize adipose tissue (AT) to provide energy for milk yield and maintenance and are susceptible to metabolic disorders and impaired immune response. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), mainly the trans‐10, cis‐12 isomer, reduce milk fat synthesis and may attenuate negative energy balance. Circulating glucocorticoids (GC) are increased during parturition in dairy cows and mediate differentiating and anti‐inflammatory effects via glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the presence of the enzyme 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1). Activated GC are the main ligands for both receptors in AT; therefore, we hypothesized that tissue‐specific GC metabolism is effected by varying amounts of GR, MR and 11βHSD1 and/or their localization within AT depots. Furthermore, the lipolytic and antilipogenic effects of CLA might influence the GC/GR/MR system in AT. Therefore, we aimed to localize GR and MR as well as the expression pattern and activity of 11βHSD1 in different AT depots during early lactation in dairy cows and to identify potential effects of CLA. Primiparous German Holstein cows were divided into a control (CON) and a CLA group. From day 1 post‐partum (p.p.) until sample collection, the CLA group was fed with 100 g/d CLA (contains 10 g each of the cis‐9, trans‐11 and the trans‐10, cis‐12‐CLA isomers). CON cows (n = 5 each) were slaughtered on day 1, 42 and 105 p.p., while CLA cows (n = 5 each) were slaughtered on day 42 and 105 p.p. Subcutaneous fat from tailhead, withers and sternum, and visceral fat from omental, mesenteric and retroperitoneal depots were sampled. The localization of GR and 11βHSD1 in mature adipocytes – being already differentiated – indicates that GC promote other effects via GR than differentiation. Moreover, MR were observed in the stromal vascular cell fraction and positively related to the pre‐adipocyte marker Pref‐1. However, only marginal CLA effects were observed in this study.
A 6‐month observational study of changes in objectively measured physical activity during weight loss in dogs
Authors: Morrison R. , Reilly J. J. , Penpraze V. , Pendlebury E. , Yam P. S. 
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate long‐term changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour during weight loss in dogs.METHODSSixteen overweight and obese dogs undergoing a 6‐month calorie‐controlled weight‐loss programme wore Actigraph GT3X accelerometers (Actigraph, FL) for three consecutive days each month for the duration of the programme. Total volume of physical activity and time spent in sedentary behaviour, light‐moderate intensity physical activity and vigorous intensity physical activity were extracted from the accelerometer data and compared from baseline to month 6.RESULTSValid accelerometry data were returned for 14 of 16 dogs. Mean percentage weight loss over 6 months was 15% of initial bodyweight. There was no marked increase in any of the physical activity outcomes or reduction in sedentary behaviour.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCESubstantial weight loss was not associated with a spontaneous increase in physical activity or reduction in sedentary behaviour. Although the dogs in this study lost a substantial amount of bodyweight without a measured increase in physical activity, dog owners should still be encouraged to facilitate increased physical activity in their dogs owing to the wide range of benefits associated with physical activity other than weight loss.
Cost‐benefit analysis of a delirium prevention strategy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Lee Eunhee , Kim Jinhyun 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a delirium prevention strategy.BackgroundA high prevalence has been reported for delirium after liver transplantation surgery in the intensive care unit (ICU). Delirium increases treatment costs because of treatment delays, prolonged hospital stays and other associated complications. Despite all those problems associated with delirium, a systemic prevention strategy does not exist yet.DesignThis study used an economic evaluation design by reviewing relevant medical records.MethodsStudy objects were 130 patients who were admitted to the ICU after liver transplantation surgery. After looking at the medical records of these patients, we divided them into two groups according to the application of the prevention strategy. This study analysed the costs and benefits of the prevention strategy between the groups.ResultsThe prevalence rate of delirium was 35·3% in the prevention‐care group and 51·6% in the usual‐care group. A sum of $38·4 was invested for the prevention strategy in opposite to the expected total costs of $5578 for a probable treatment. Thus, the net benefit was $5539·6 with a benefit ratio of 145·3ConclusionsA strategy is necessary for the delirium prevention of patients in the ICU to decrease the economic burden.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study demonstrated that a prevention strategy was cost‐effective because of its low input costs. With low additional investment, it is expected that this prevention strategy will be more available to other patients in the future.