bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of an oral health information brochure for at-risk individuals
Authors: Morgaine Kate C , Carter Angharad S , Meldrum Alison M , Cullinan Mary P 
Published: January 2014

Objective: Our aim was to develop written resource material for use in the Oral Health Information through Community Pharmacists project. Poor oral health is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Many people do not access dental services on a regular basis; however, they may access community pharmacies for help and advice about oral health problems. Community pharmacists may be a valuable point of oral health information for people with heart disease or diabetes. Design: This paper reports the development of the written resource material for the project groups. Methods: Brochure development was guided by Fishbein and Yzer’s integrative model, and pre-tested with seven focus groups representing the potential target groups. Feedback from the focus groups was analysed concurrently and modified versions of the brochures were presented to subsequent groups. Results: The use of both written and visual messages enhanced the readability of the brochures for the focus groups with attendant Flesch Reading Ease scores of 77.4 and 79.4, while the ‘Make a plan’ section prompted future action planning amongst the participants. Conclusion: Well-designed patient education materials with good content, aesthetics and readability are important to deliver health messages within the context of a planned intervention. The three final brochures will be used in the intervention trial of the project.
Variability in DNA methylation defines novel epigenetic subgroups of DLBCL associated with different clinical outcomes
Authors: Chambwe Nyasha , Kormaksson Matthias , Geng Huimin , De Subhajyoti , Michor Franziska , Johnson Nathalie A. , Morin Ryan D. , Scott David W. , Godley Lucy A. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Melnick Ari , Campagne Fabien , Shaknovich Rita 
Published: January 2014

Key PointsUnsupervised clustering of DLBCLs based on DNA methylation changes identifies 6 novel epigenetic clusters. Greater magnitude of methylation changes correlates with worse clinical outcome.
New mini- zincin structures provide a minimal scaffold for members of this metallopeptidase superfamily
Authors: Trame Christine B , Chang Yuanyuan , Axelrod Herbert L , Eberhardt Ruth Y , Coggill Penelope , Punta Marco , Rawlings Neil D 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe Acel_2062 protein fromAcidothermus cellulolyticusis a protein of unknown function. Initial sequence analysis predicted that it was a metallopeptidase from the presence of a motif conserved amongst the Asp-zincins, which are peptidases that contain a single, catalytic zinc ion ligated by the histidines and aspartic acid within the motif (HEXXHXXGXXD). The Acel_2062 protein was chosen by the Joint Center for Structural Genomics for crystal structure determination to explore novel protein sequence space and structure-based function annotation.ResultsThe crystal structure confirmed that the Acel_2062 protein consisted of a single, zincin-like metallopeptidase-like domain. The Met-turn, a structural feature thought to be important for a Met-zincin because it stabilizes the active site, is absent, and its stabilizing role may have been conferred to the C-terminal Tyr113. In our crystallographic model there are two molecules in the asymmetric unit and from size-exclusion chromatography, the protein dimerizes in solution. A water molecule is present in the putative zinc-binding site in one monomer, which is replaced by one of two observed conformations of His95 in the other.ConclusionsThe Acel_2062 protein is structurally related to the zincins. It contains the minimum structural features of a member of this protein superfamily, and can be described as a “mini- zincin”. There is a striking parallel with the structure of a mini-Glu-zincin, which represents the minimum structure of a Glu-zincin (a metallopeptidase in which the third zinc ligand is a glutamic acid). Rather than being an ancestral state, phylogenetic analysis suggests that the mini-zincins are derived from larger proteins.
UFV-P2 as a member of the Luz24likevirus genus: a new overview on comparative functional genome analyses of the LUZ24-like phages
Authors: Eller Monique R , Vidigal Pedro M P , Salgado Rafael L , Alves Maura P , Dias Roberto S , da Silva Cynthia C , de Carvalho Antônio F , Kropinski Andrew , De Paula Sérgio O 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Phages infecting spoilage microorganisms have been considered as alternative biocontrol agents, and the study of their genomes is essential to their safe use in foods. UFV-P2 is a new Pseudomonas fluorescens-specific phage that has been tested for its ability to inhibit milk proteolysis.

Results
The genome of the phage UFV-P2 is composed of bidirectional modules and presented 75 functionally predict ORFs, forming clusters of early and late transcription. Further genomic comparisons of Pseudomonas-specific phages showed that these viruses could be classified according to conserved segments that appear be free from genome rearrangements, called locally collinear blocks (LCBs). In addition, the genome organization of the phage UFV-P2 was shown to be similar to that of phages PaP3 and LUZ24 which have recently been classified as a Luz24likevirus.

Conclusions
We have presented the functional annotation of UFV-P2, a new Pseudomonas fluorescens phage. Based on structural genomic comparison and phylogenetic clustering, we suggest the classification of UFV-P2 in the Luz24likevirus genus, and present a set of shared locally collinear blocks as the genomic signature for this genus.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer significantly reduces number of yielded lymph nodes by axillary dissection
Authors: Erbes Thalia , Orlowska-Volk Marzenna , zur Hausen Axel , Rücker Gerta , Mayer Sebastian , Voigt Matthias , Farthmann Juliane , Iborra Severine , Hirschfeld Marc , Meyer Philipp T , Gitsch Gerald , Stickeler Elmar 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) is an established therapy in breast cancer, able to downstage positive axillary lymph nodes, but might hamper their detectibility. Even if clinical observations suggest lower lymph node yield (LNY) after NC, data are inconclusive and it is unclear whether NC dependent parameters influence detection rates by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).

Methods
We analyzed retrospectively the LNY in 182 patients with ALND after NC and 351 patients with primary ALND. Impact of surgery or pathological examination and specific histomorphological alterations were evaluated. Outcome analyses regarding recurrence rates, disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were performed.

Results
Axillary LNY was significantly lower in the NC in comparison to the primary surgery group (median 13 vs. 16; p < 0.0001). The likelihood of incomplete axillary staging was four times higher in the NC group (14.8% vs. 3.4%, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses excluded any influence by surgeon or pathologist. However, the chemotherapy dependent histological feature lymphoid depletion was an independent predictive factor for a lower LNY. Outcome analyses revealed no significant impact of the LNY on local and regional recurrence rates as well as DFS and OS, respectively.

Conclusion
NC significantly reduces the LNY by ALND and has profound effects on the histomorphological appearance of lymph nodes. The current recommendations for a minimum removal of 10 lymph nodes by ALND are clearly compromised by the clinically already established concept of NC. The LNY of less than 10 by ALND after NC might not be indicative for an insufficient axillary staging.
Resistive switching behavior in Lu2O3 thin film for advanced flexible memory applications
Authors: Mondal Somnath , Her Jim-Long , Koyama Keiichi , Pan Tung-Ming 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this article, the resistive switching (RS) behaviors in Lu2O3 thin film for advanced flexible nonvolatile memory applications are investigated. Amorphous Lu2O3 thin films with a thickness of 20 nm were deposited at room temperature by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate. The structural and morphological changes of the Lu2O3 thin film were characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The Ru/Lu2O3/ITO flexible memory device shows promising RS behavior with low-voltage operation and small distribution of switching parameters. The dominant switching current conduction mechanism in the Lu2O3 thin film was determined as bulk-controlled space-charge-limited-current with activation energy of traps of 0.33 eV. The oxygen vacancies assisted filament conduction model was described for RS behavior in Lu2O3 thin film. The memory reliability characteristics of switching endurance, data retention, good flexibility, and mechanical endurance show promising applications in future advanced memory.
A comparative study of fluoride ingestion levels, serum thyroid hormone & TSH level derangements, dental fluorosis status among school children from endemic and non-endemic fluorosis areas
Authors: Singh Navneet , Verma Kanika Gupta , Verma Pradhuman , Sidhu Gagandeep Kaur , Sachdeva Suresh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The study was undertaken to determine serum/urinary fluoride status and comparison of free T4, free T3 and thyroid stimulating hormone levels of 8 to 15 years old children with and without dental fluorosis living in an endemic and non-endemic fluorosis area. A sample group of 60 male and female school children, with or without dental fluorosis, consuming fluoride-contaminated water in endemic fluoride area of Udaipur district, Rajasthan were selected through a school dental fluorosis survey. The sample of 10 children of same age and socio-economic status residing in non endemic areas who did not have dental fluorosis form controls. Fluoride determination in drinking water, urine and blood was done with Ion 85 Ion Analyzer Radiometer with Hall et al. method. The thyroid gland functional test was done by Immonu Chemiluminiscence Micropartical Assay with Bayer Centaur Autoanalyzer.
The significantly altered FT3, FT4 and TSH hormones level in both group1A and 1B school children were noted. The serum and urine fluoride levels were found to be increased in both the groups. A significant relationship of water fluoride to urine and serum fluoride concentration was seen. The serum fluoride concentration also had significant relationship with thyroid hormone (FT3/FT4) and TSH concentrations. The testing of drinking water and body fluids for fluoride content, along with FT3, FT4, and TSH in children with dental fluorosis is desirable for recognizing underlying thyroid derangements and its impact on fluorosis.
Defining Early-Onset Kidney Cancer: Implications for Germline and Somatic Mutation Testing and Clinical Management
Authors: Shuch Brian , Vourganti Srinivas , Ricketts Christopher J. , Middleton Lindsay , Peterson James , Merino Maria J. , Metwalli Adam R. , Srinivasan Ramaprasad , Linehan W. Marston 
Published: December 2013

Purpose Approximately 5% to 8% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is hereditary. No guidelines exist for patient selection for RCC germline mutation testing. We evaluate how age of onset could indicate the need for germline mutation testing for detection of inherited forms of kidney cancer. Patients and Methods We analyzed the age distribution of RCC cases in the SEER-17 program and in our institutional hereditary kidney cancer population. The age distributions were compared by sex, race, histology, and hereditary cancer syndrome. Models were established to evaluate the specific age thresholds for genetic testing. Results The median age of patients with RCC in SEER-17 was 64 years, with the distribution closely approaching normalcy. Statistical differences were observed by race, sex, and subtype (P < .05). The bottom decile cutoff was ≤ 46 years of age and slightly differed by sex, race, and histology. The mean and median ages at presentation of 608 patients with hereditary kidney cancer were 39.3 years and 37 years, respectively. Although age varied by specific syndrome, 70% of these cases were found to lie at or below the bottom age decile. Modeling age-based genetic testing thresholds demonstrated that the 10th percentile maximized sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Early age of onset might be a sign of hereditary RCC. Even in the absence of clinical manifestations and personal/family history, an age of onset of 46 years or younger should trigger consideration for genetic counseling/germline mutation testing and may serve as a useful cutoff when establishing genetic testing guidelines.
StartReact Restores Reaction Time in HSP: Evidence for Subcortical Release of a Motor Program
Authors: Nonnekes Jorik , Oude Nijhuis Lars B. , de Niet Mark , de Bot Susanne T. , Pasman Jacobus W. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Weerdesteyn Vivian , Geurts Alexander C. 
Published: December 2013

Startling acoustic stimuli (SAS) can accelerate reaction times (“StartReact” effect), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Both direct release of a subcortically stored motor program and a subcortically mediated trigger for a cortically stored motor program have been hypothesized. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we examined the StartReact effect in humans with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). Delayed reaction times in HSP patients in trials both with and without a SAS would argue in favor of a cortically stored response.We instructed 12 HSP patients and 12 matched controls to respond as rapidly as possible to a visual imperative stimulus, in two different conditions: dorsiflexion of the dominant ankle; or flexion of the dominant wrist. In 25% of trials, a SAS was delivered simultaneously with the imperative stimulus. Before these tests, subjects received five SAS while standing to verify normal function of the reticulospinal tract in HSP.Latencies of startle responses in sternocleidomastoid and tibialis anterior muscles were comparable between patients and controls. During the ankle dorsiflexion task, HSP patients had an average 19 ms delay in reaction times compared with controls. Administration of a SAS accelerated ankle dorsiflexion in both groups, but more so in the patients, which completely normalized their latencies. The wrist flexion task yielded no differences in onset latencies between HSP patients and controls.The reticulospinal tract seems unaffected in HSP patients, because startle reflex onsets were normal. The corticospinal tract was affected, as reflected by delayed ankle dorsiflexion reaction times. These delayed onsets in HSP were normalized when the imperative stimulus was combined with a SAS, presumably through release of a subcortically stored motor program conveyed by the preserved reticulospinal tract.
Vegetation changes and human activity around Lake Łańskie (Olsztyn Lake District, NE Poland) from the mid Holocene, based on palynological study
Authors: Madeja Jacek 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Bottom sediments of Lake Łańskie in NE Poland (Olsztyn Lake District) were studied by pollen analysis, and vegetation changes from ca 4800 BC to modern times were reconstructed based on the results. Due to rapid sedimentation the changes in plant cover are recorded with high resolution. The variation of pollen spectra composition reflects changing shares of deciduous trees and the continuous dominance of pine forest. Nowadays the surroundings of Lake Łańskie are also heavily forested but as early as 1100 AD the deciduous trees began to be eliminated. On the basis of pollen data, five phases of increased human activity were distinguished. Based on the available archaeological chronology of local settlements, the first stage is connected with para-Neolithic groups of Ząbie-Szestno type and the Lusatian culture. They are followed by the West Baltic Barrow culture, Wielbark culture and Early Medieval Prussian tribes. The pollen record shows low intensity of exploitation of the terrain around Lake Łańskie, probably attributable to the brevity of episodes of human occupation in the near vicinity of the lake. The last phase, covering part of the Middle Ages (since ca 1000 AD) and modern times, is reflected in the most distinct vegetation changes on the pollen diagram, caused by increased intensity of settlement. In spite of the distinct diminution of forest cover around the lake the scale of deforestation was much lower than at other sites in NE Poland.
The main aims of this paper were to describe the changes in the palaeoenvironment which took place around Lake Łańskie (Olsztyn Lake District) and to find those changes in the plant cover which were the effect of human activity, and to confirm whether the changes of palaeoenvironment around Lake Łańskie were noted at the same time in adjacent areas.
The Collapsing Platform for Pastoralism: Land Sales and Land Loss in Kajiado County, Kenya
Authors: Galaty John G. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Although promises of tenure security have been used to justify land privatization, land reform has rarely benefitted the pastoral inhabitants of the East African rangelands. Pastoralists lose land due to corruption and illicit allocations at the moment of enclosure and subdivision of rangelands, as well as through land sales after they have received land titles. This article examines how the process of pastoralist land sales following titling occurs along the major road through Kajiado County, Kenya, along which land values have risen. Examining case studies of sales by members of various Maasai territorial sections, the article discusses how financial need as well as inheritance dynamics stimulate land sales.
Territoriality through Migration: Cases among the Tubu Teda Guna (Niger)
Authors: Musch Tilman 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The present article discusses whether migration can be a means in order to realize territoriality. It is based on pre-colonial, colonial and recent cases found among the Tubu Teda who live in eastern Niger and western Chad. It will be argued here that migration, in these cases, does not mean the uprooting of persons and the loss of a territory, but can lead to the amelioration of the territorial situation for the migrating group, including the enhancement of its socio-political status and economic situation.
Uncertainty and agreement in the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Darsaut Tim E. , Estrade Laurent , Jamali Sara , Bojanowski Michel W. , Chagnon Miguel , Raymond Jean 
Published: January 2014

Object
The management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms remains controversial. The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical community agreement in decision making regarding unruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Methods
A portfolio of 41 cases of unruptured intracranial aneurysms with angiographic images, along with a short description of the patient presentation, was sent to 28 clinicians (16 radiologists and 12 surgeons) with varying years of experience in the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Five senior clinicians responded twice at least 3 months apart. Nineteen cases (46%) were selected from patients recruited in the Canadian UnRuptured Endovascular versus Surgery trial, an ongoing randomized comparison of coil embolization and clip placement. For each case, the responder was to first choose between 3 treatment options (observation, surgical clip placement, or endovascular coil embolization) and then indicate their level of certainty on a quantitative 0–10 scale. Agreement in decision making was studied using κ statistics.

Results
Decisions to coil were more frequent (n = 612, 53%) than decisions to clip (n = 289, 25%) or to observe (n = 259, 22%). Interjudge agreement was only fair (κ = 0.31 ± 0.02) for all cases and all judges, despite substantial intrajudge agreement (range 0.44–0.83 ± 0.10), with high mean individual certainty levels for each case (range 6.5–9.4 ± 2.0 on a scale of 0–10). Agreement was no better within specialties (surgeons or radiologists), within capability groups (those able to perform endovascular coiling alone, surgical clipping alone, or both), or with more experience. There was no correlation between certainty levels and years of experience. Agreement was lower when the cases were taken from the randomized trial (κ = 0.19 ± 0.2) compared with nontrial cases (κ = 0.35 ± 0.2).

Conclusions
Individuals do not agree regarding the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms, even when they share a background in the same specialty, similar capabilities in aneurysm management, or years of practice. If community equipoise is a necessary precondition for trial participation, this study has found sufficient uncertainty and disagreement among clinicians to justify randomized trials.
Initial Gamma Knife radiosurgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Lee Cheng-Chia , Kano Hideyuki , Yang Huai-Che , Xu Zhiyuan , Yen Chun-Po , Chung Wen-Yuh , Pan David Hung-Chi , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: January 2014

Object
Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) are the most common type of pituitary adenoma and, when symptomatic, typically require surgical removal as an initial means of management. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients whose comorbidities substantially increase the risks of resection. In this report, the authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of initial GKRS for NFAs.

Methods
An international group of three academic Gamma Knife centers retrospectively reviewed outcome data in 569 patients with NFAs.

Results
Forty-one patients (7.2%) underwent GKRS as primary management for their NFAs because of an advanced age, multiple comorbidities, or patient preference. The median age at the time of radiosurgery was 69 years. Thirty-seven percent of the patients had hypopituitarism before GKRS. Patients received a median tumor margin dose of 12 Gy (range 6.2–25.0 Gy) at a median isodose of 50%. The overall tumor control rate was 92.7%, and the actuarial tumor control rate was 94% and 85% at 5 and 10 years postradiosurgery, respectively. Three patients with tumor growth or symptom progression underwent resection at 3, 3, and 96 months after GKRS, respectively. New or worsened hypopituitarism developed in 10 patients (24%) at a median interval of 37 months after GKRS. One patient suffered new-onset cranial nerve palsy. No other radiosurgical complications were noted. Delayed hypopituitarism was observed more often in patients who had received a tumor margin dose > 18 Gy (p = 0.038) and a maximum dose > 36 Gy (p = 0.025).

Conclusions
In this study, GKRS resulted in long-term control of NFAs in 85% of patients at 10 years. This experience suggests that GKRS provides long-term tumor control with an acceptable risk profile. This approach may be especially valuable in older patients, those with multiple comorbidities, and those who have endocrine-inactive tumors without visual compromise due to mass effect of the adenoma.