bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overutilization, Overutilized
Authors: Levine Deborah , Mulligan Jessica 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOverutilization is commonly blamed for escalating costs, compromising quality, and limiting access to the US health care system. Recent estimates suggest that nearly one-third of health care spending in the United States is a result of unnecessary care. Despite the surge of exposés that purport to uncover this “new” problem, narratives about overutilization have been circulating in health policy debates since the beginnings of the health insurance industry. This article traces how the term overutilization has spread in popularity from a relatively small community of mid-twentieth-century insurance experts to economists, physicians, epidemiologists, and eventually the news media of the early twenty-first century. A quick glimpse at the history of the term reveals that there has been constant disagreement and debate over the meaning and impact of overutilization. Moreover, the term has been put to very different uses, from keeping socialism at bay to preserving the fiscal integrity of Medicare to protecting the health of patients. The overutilization narrative, seductive in its promise of cutting costs without sacrificing access to quality care, too often drowns out other difficult conversations about social welfare, health equity, prices, and universal coverage.
Alcohol consumption in pregnancy and its implications for breastfeeding
Authors: Dunney Clare , Muldoon Kathryn , Murphy Deirdre J 
Published: February 2015

Background: Current advice to women in Ireland is to abstain from alcohol when pregnant or breastfeeding. This study aims to establish whether women embrace this advice when pregnant and if there is a need for additional midwifery-led education in relation to alcohol consumption and breastfeeding. Methods: A cohort study of 907 women who booked for antenatal care and to give birth in a large maternity hospital in Dublin, was undertaken from 2010–2011. Eligible women completed an interview at the first visit, a postal questionnaire during the third trimester of pregnancy, and were followed-up until the birth and discharge. Results: During pregnancy women who planned to exclusively breastfeed continued to consume alcohol at a rate similar to those who did not plan to breastfeed (30.2% compared with 27.5%; (OR 1.13; 95% CI; 0.84–1.53). Consuming alcohol was associated with older maternal age, Irish nationality and private health care. Intention to exclusively breastfeed was associated with socioeconomic group, non-Irish nationality and private health care. The findings at follow-up were similar to the first set of results with almost a third of women who consumed alcohol in pregnancy exclusively breastfeeding at the time of hospital discharge; (OR 1.28; 95% CI, 0.95–1.73) Conclusions: Many women who plan to breastfeed continue to consume alcohol in pregnancy despite national and international guidelines that recommend abstention. There may be opportunities in the antenatal period to influence behavioural change in relation to breastfeeding and alcohol consumption.
Participation in strength training activities among US physical therapists: A nationwide survey
Authors: Tapley Howell , Dotson Megan , Hallila Daniel , McCrory Haley , Moss Kendall , Neelon Kris , Santos Bianca , Turner Andrew , Turner Lorena , Hendrick Paul 
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims: The typical physical therapist's workday involves teaching patients exercises to strengthen muscles. It is important for physical therapists to ‘practice what they preach’ by modelling good health behaviours in their own personal lives. The purpose of this study was to determine: i) whether strength training participation among physical therapists meets or exceeds commonly accepted standards for maintaining health; ii) how physical therapists participate in strength training. Methods: A Psychdata survey was developed and administered electronically to members (n=800) of the American Physical Therapy Association nationwide as part of a cross-sectional study design. A final sample of 153 surveys was collected and analysed in SPSS 15.0 for a 19% response rate. Frequency analysis was performed for all relevant survey items. Results: Approximately 67% of physical therapists regularly participate in traditional strength training that meets the American College of Sports Medicine exercise guidelines, and 55% regularly participate in alternative strength training, such as yoga and pilates, working all major muscle groups at moderate-to high-intensity at least two days per week. Conclusions: Most physical therapists appear to be good role models for engaging in strength training; more than half the physical therapists surveyed meet minimum guidelines for strength training whereas less than 20% of the general population meets the same minimum guidelines.
Topical oxygen wound therapies for chronic wounds: a review
Authors: Dissemond J. , Kröger K. , Storck M. , Risse A. , Engels P. 
Published: February 2015

Chronic wounds are an increasing problem in our ageing population and can arise in many different ways. Over the past decades it has become evident that sufficient oxygen supply is an essential factor of appropriate wound healing. Sustained oxygen deficit has a detrimental impact on wound healing, especially for patients with chronic wounds. This has been proven for wounds associated with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and diabetic foot ulcers (particularly in combination with PAOD). However, this is still under debate for other primary diseases.In the past few years several different new therapeutic approaches for topical oxygen therapies have been developed to support wound healing. These tend to fall into one of four categories: (1) delivery of pure oxygen either under pressurised or (2) ambient condition, (3) chemical release of oxygen via an enzymatic reaction or (4) increase of oxygen by facilitated diffusion using oxygen binding and releasing molecules.In this review article, the available therapeutic topical oxygen-delivering approaches and their impact on wound healing are presented and critically discussed. A summary of clinical data, daily treatment recommendations and practicability is provided.Declaration of interest:J. Dissemond received an honorarium for lectures, advisory boards and/or clinical studies from the following companies: 3M, B. Braun, BSN, Coloplast, Convatec, Draco, Hartmann, KCI, Lohmann&Rauscher, Medoderm, Merz, Sastomed, Systagenix, UCB-Pharma, Urgo. K. Kröger received an honorarium for lectures, advisory boards and/or clinical studies from the following companies: Bayer, Sanofi, GSK, Hartmann, Sastomed, UCB-Pharma, Urgo. M. Storck received an honorarium for lectures for the following companies: KCI, Systagenix, and UCB-Pharma. A. Risse received an honorarium for lectures, advisory boards and/or clinical studies from the following companies: Bracco, Coloplast, Draco, Lilly Deutschland, NovoNordisk, Sastomed, Urgo. P. Engels received an honorarium for lectures, and consulting from the following companies: Sastomed, Oculus.
Management of a patient with small-area burns, severe sepsis and superficial vein thrombosis
Authors: Shao H , Luo R. , Wang X. , Pan X. , Chen G. 
Published: February 2015

Sepsis is frequently seen in severely burned patients, however it is not common in those with small-area burns. We present a case of a 22-year-old man suffering from a hot crush injury to his left hand dorsum covering 1% of his total body surface area. The patient developed severe sepsis and superficial vein thrombosis, probably due to wound infection. Culture of the wound secretion indicated Corynebacterium striatum. Following intensive topical and systemic treatment the severe sepsis was controlled. The local wound was repaired by the abdominal skin pedicle flap which had taken well by day 27 post admission. A topical superficial vein thrombosis, unintentionally found 42 days after admission, was partially excised. This case demonstrates that when treating severe sepsis in patients with small-area burns, the timely recognition and diagnosis along with active systemic support, play a vital role in successful management. Declaration of interest: None of the authors have any financial interest to declare.
Antibiofilm efficacy evaluation of a bioelectric dressing in mono- and multi-species biofilms
Authors: Kim H. , Izadjoo M.J. 
Published: February 2015

Objective: Chronic infections are often related to the formation of single or polymicrobial biofilms, which lead to hard-to-treat infections, difficult wound management, and recurrent infections. In this study, we evaluated in vitro antibiofilm properties of a silver and zinc bioelectric dressing (Procellera). Method: We customised and established a poloxamer biofilm model using glass coverslips for the efficacy evaluation of the bioelectric dressing. For antimicrobial susceptibility testing, each bacterial pathogen was diluted to 105CFUs/ml, mixed with 30% poloxamer hydrogels and dropped onto round glass coverslips (25mm diameter) as an abiotic support. Additionally, we mixed four bacterial strains and developed multi-species biofilms in the poloxamer model to examine anti-biofilm efficacy testing against polymicrobial biofilms. Results: After 24 hours incubation, we observed significant inhibition of bacterial growth in nine pathogens (∼2- or 3-fold log10 reduction) compared to controls (no treatment, gauze, and blank polyester with no silver and zinc). The smallest effect was seen with Enterococcus faecalis strain where there was approximately a 1-fold log10 reduction of microbial growth. The antibiofilm efficacy against multi-species (four pathogens) biofilms, evaluated on chromogenic agar plates, was 1- or 2-fold log10 reduction compared to controls. Conclusion: This poloxamer biofilm model was easy to set up, simple to apply, and demonstrated appropriate biofilm formation. The data showed the formation of biofilms inoculated with either single or polymicrobial bacteria under no shear condition, and the bioelectric dressing tested in this study showed effective antibiofilm activity against both the mono- and multi-species biofilms. Declaration of interest: None. The opinions or assertions contained here are the private views of the authors, based on scientific investigation, and are not to be construed as official or as reflecting the views of the US Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine.
Erik Satie’s mise-en-scène: Uniforms and the self-image of a composer in turn-of-the-century Paris
Authors: San Martín-Arbide Lola 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Dressed as a dandy, a bureaucrat, a regional schoolteacher or even as an undertaker, French composer Erik Satie was easily spotted in Paris during the first half of the twentieth century. Hundreds of testimonies and anecdotes about the musician reveal that his appearance was perceived in itself as an artistic statement. After World War I he was known as ‘The Velvet Gentleman’ to the anglophile artists of Montparnasse and during the last 25 years of his life; not even on the sunniest of days in the Ville Lumière did he leave his house without his famous umbrella. With all these eccentric uniforms, Satie embraced his lifelong habit of defying preconceived notions of the connections between art and everyday life. The self-image he carefully tailored was in clear opposition to the setting of his room in the suburb of Arcueil-Cachan, which he never cleaned or tidied up. Satie is hence an interesting case study of the opposition of private and public image as well as of the unification of art and life. Many of his friends recall that watching him come out of his house was like seeing an actor going onstage.
They have no right to wear those clothes: The ambivalence of the dress code of German skinheads and Estonian metal heads
Authors: Araste Lii , Ventsel Aimar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ever since the beginning of post-subcultural studies, youth studies have developed in the direction of theorizing on the decreasing emphasis on the significance of a coherent style, towards the disappearance of subcultural boundaries and a switching between identities. In our article we are going to demonstrate that in some cases subcultures maintain and defend their style. By highlighting studies of German punks and skinheads and the Estonian metal scene, we show how subcultures develop strategies for defining the boundaries of their scene and collective identity. Subcultures prompt an inner discussion about the ‘real’ and ‘wannabe’ ways of being a member of a scene. We show in the case of German skinheads that a purist cult of ‘old-school’ clothing can appear and demonstrate with the example of Estonian metal fans that a subculture can choose and focus on some elements of style which they claim to be ‘theirs’ and which become central symbols for the metal style. The main platforms for these discussions within both subcultures are printed fanzines and face-to-face interactions. In this manner subcultures develop the ‘communities of practice’, which is critical to the commercialization of former subcultural dress and other commodities. Using social network theories we show that subcultures are capable of establishing methods of inner social control and initiating discussions with the aim of establishing clear boundaries between the mainstream society and their scene, through controlling the ‘meaning of style’. This demonstrates that in combination with network theories the classic subculture theory can still be relevant for understanding music-related social groups.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: McIntyre Ellen , Miller Janice 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fashion Rules: Dress from the Collections of HM The Queen, Princess Margaret and Diana, Princess of Wales, Kensington Palace, London, 4 July 2013–Summer 2015
David Bowie is inside…
David Bowie Is, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 23 March–11 August 2013
Listening for the “Still Small Voice” of Mendelssohn’s Domestic Elijah
Authors: Mercer-Taylor Peter 
Published: February 2015

The notion that there might be autobiographical, or personally confessional, registers at work in Mendelssohn’s 1846 Elijah has long been established, with three interpretive approaches prevailing: the first, famously advanced by Prince Albert, compares Mendelssohn’s own artistic achievements with Elijah’s prophetic ones; the second, in Eric Werner’s dramatic formulation, discerns in the aria “It is enough” a confession of Mendelssohn’s own “weakening will to live”; the third portrays Elijah as a testimonial on Mendelssohn’s relationship to the Judaism of his birth and/or to the Christianity of his youth and adulthood.
This article explores a fourth, essentially untested, interpretive approach: the possibility that Mendelssohn crafts from Elijah’s story a heartfelt affirmation of domesticity, an expression of his growing fascination with retiring to a quiet existence in the bosom of his family.
The argument unfolds in three phases. In the first, the focus is on that climactic passage in Elijah’s Second Part in which God is revealed to the prophet in the “still small voice.” The turn from divine absence to divine presence is articulated through two clear and powerful recollections of music that Elijah had sung in the oratorio’s First Part, a move that has the potential to reconfigure our evaluation of his role in the public and private spheres in those earlier passages. The second phase turns to Elijah’s own brief sojourn into the domestic realm, the widow’s scene, paying particular attention to the motivations that may have underlain the substantial revisions to the scene that took place between the Birmingham premiere and the London premiere the following year. The final phase explores the possibility that the widow and her son, the “surrogate family” in the oratorio, do not disappear after the widow’s scene, but linger on as “para-characters” with crucial roles in the unfolding drama.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Exogenous insulin does not increase muscle protein synthesis rate when administered systemically: a systematic review
Authors: Trommelen Jorn , Groen Bart B L , Hamer Henrike M , de Groot Lisette C P G M , van Loon Luc J C 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThough it is well appreciated that insulin plays an important role in the regulation of muscle protein metabolism, there is much discrepancy in the literature on the capacity of exogenous insulin administration to increase muscle protein synthesis ratesin vivoin humans.ObjectiveTo assess whether exogenous insulin administration increases muscle protein synthesis rates in young and older adults.DesignA systematic review of clinical trials was performed and the presence or absence of an increase in muscle protein synthesis rate was reported for each individual study arm. In a stepwise manner, multiple models were constructed that excluded study arms based on the following conditions: model 1, concurrent hyperaminoacidemia; model 2, insulin-induced hypoaminoacidemia; model 3, supraphysiological insulin concentrations; and model 4, older, more insulin resistant, subjects.ConclusionsFrom the presented data in the current systematic review, we conclude that: i) exogenous insulin and amino acid administration effectively increase muscle protein synthesis, but this effect is attributed to the hyperaminoacidemia; ii) exogenous insulin administered systemically induces hypoaminoacidemia which obviates any insulin-stimulatory effect on muscle protein synthesis; iii) exogenous insulin resulting in supraphysiological insulin levels exceeding 50 000 pmol/l may effectively augment muscle protein synthesis; iv) exogenous insulin may have a diminished effect on muscle protein synthesis in older adults due to age-related anabolic resistance; and v) exogenous insulin administered systemically does not increase muscle protein synthesis in healthy, young adults.
No beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function or quality of life in primary hyperparathyroidism: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rolighed Lars , Rejnmark Lars , Sikjaer Tanja , Heickendorff Lene , Vestergaard Peter , Mosekilde Leif , Christiansen Peer 
Published: February 2015

ContextImpairments of muscle function and strength in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are rarely addressed, although decreased muscle function may contribute to increased fracture risk.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the changes in muscle strength, muscle function, postural stability, quality of life (QoL), and well-being during treatment with vitamin D or placebo before and after parathyroidectomy (PTX) in PHPT patients.DesignA randomized placebo-controlled trial.PatientsWe included 46 PHPT patients, mean age 58 (range 29–77) years and 35 (76%) were women.InterventionsDaily treatment with 70 μg (2800 IU) cholecalciferol or placebo for 52 weeks. Treatment was administered 26 weeks before PTX and continued for 26 weeks after PTX.Main outcome measuresChanges in QoL and measures of muscle strength and function.ResultsPreoperatively, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) increased significantly (50–94 nmol/l) compared with placebo (57–52 nmol/l). We did not measure any beneficial effects of supplementation with vitamin D compared with placebo regarding well-being, QoL, postural stability, muscle strength, or function. In all patients, we measured marked improvements in QoL, well-being (P<0.01), muscle strength in the knee flexion and extension (P<0.001), and muscle function tests (P<0.01) after surgical cure. Postural stability improved during standing with eyes closed (P<0.05), but decreased with eyes open (P<0.05).ConclusionsPatients with PHPT and 25OHD levels around 50 nmol/l did not benefit from vitamin D supplementation concerning muscle strength, muscle function, postural stability, well-being, or QoL. Independent of preoperative 25OHD levels, PTX improved these parameters.
Characterization of porcine partially reprogrammed iPSCs from adipose-derived stem cells
Authors: Wei Chao , Li Xia , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang Yu , Liu Tong , Jiang Shaoshuai , Han Fei , Zhang Yunhai 
Published: February 2015

Partially reprogrammed induced pluripotent stem cells (PiPSCs) have great potential for investigating reprogramming mechanisms and represent an alternative potential material for making genetically modified animals and regenerative medicine. To date, PiPSCs have scarcely been reported in detail when compared with mice and humans. In this study, we obtained PiPSCs from porcine adipose-derived stem cells (pADSCs) by ectopic expression of human transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4) in feeder-free condition. The morphology and proliferation activity of porcine PiPSCs (pPiPSCs) were similar to those of porcine fully reprogrammed iPSCs (pFiPSCs); furthermore, pPiPSCs expressed higher levels of the typical surface molecules (CD29) found in pADSCs. However, pPiPSCs were negative for key proteins (NANOG) connected with stemness and possessed lower differentiation ability in vivo and in vitro. When differentiation-inhibiting factors were withdrawn, pPiPSCs-derived cells (pPiPSC-DCs) showed similar features to pADSCs in many aspects, including proliferation, differentiation, and immunosuppression. When both types of cells were used to produce cloned embryos, we found that the blastocyst formation rate of 19DC (one of the pPiPSC-DC cell lines)-derived cloned embryos was obviously higher than that of others. The total cell number of 19DC-derived blastocysts was significantly higher than the 30DC (one pFiPSC-DC cell line)-derived blastocysts. In all, through limited differentiation ability, the proliferation activity of pPiPSCs is similar to that of pFiPSCs, and pPiPSCs can retain several of the features of pADSCs, which are beneficial to cell therapy. Furthermore, the differentiation of pPiPSCs is more favorable for producing high-quality reconstructed embryos.Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/149/5/485/suppl/DC2.
The Phage Mu Middle Promoter Pm Contains a Partial UP Element
Authors: Ma Ji , Howe Martha M 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
There are three phases of transcription during lytic development of bacteriophage Mu: early, middle, and late. Transcription from the middle phase promoter Pm requires the activator protein Mor. In the presence of Mor, transcription from Pm is carried out by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing σ70. A Mor dimer binds to two 5-bp inverted repeats within a 16-bp element centered at −43.5 in Pm, replacing the normal −35 element contacted by RNA polymerase (RNAP). In this study random and targeted mutagenesis of the sequence upstream (−88 to −52) of the Mor binding site was performed to determine whether Pm also contains an UP element for binding of the RNAP α subunit, thereby stimulating transcription. The results demonstrated that mutations upstream of −57 had no effect on Pm activity in vivo, assayed by expression of lacZ fused downstream of a wild-type or mutant Pm. Mutations at positions −57 through −52 led to decreased transcription from Pm, consistent with the presence of an UP element. In DNase I footprinting and gel mobility shift assays, paired mutations at positions −55 and −54 did not affect Mor binding but decreased the synergistic binding of Mor with histidine tagged α (His-α), indicating that His-α binds to Pm in a sequence- and/or structure-specific manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Pm has a strong proximal UP element subsite, but lacks a distal subsite.