bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of La and Nd Co‐Doped Bismuth Titanate Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Islam Muhammad Aminul , Islam Muhammad Saidul , Gafur Muhammad Abdul 
Published: March 2015

La and Nd co‐doped bismuth titanate Bi3 (LaxNd1−x)Ti3O12 (x = 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) [BLNT] samples were prepared by solid‐state reaction method. XRD pattern of calcined powder of BLNT ceramics indicates a single phase of bismuth‐layered perovskite structure with no visible impurity phase. The sintered BLNT ceramics showed a uniform microstructure having spherical type grain. Dielectric constant was increased by co‐doping due to increase in lattice distortion. Dielectric loss, AC conductance, and leakage current were drastically reduced due to La and Nd co‐doping. Better performance was observed for the composition Bi3 (LaxNd1−x)Ti3O12, (x = 0.5).
Treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation: position statement of the myeloma foundation of Australia Medical and Scientific Advisory Group
Authors: Quach H. , Joshua D. , Ho J. , Szer J. , Spencer A. , Harrison S. , Mollee P. , Roberts A. , Horvath N. , Talaulikar D. , To B. , Zannettino A. , Brown R. , Catley L. , Augustson B. , Jaksic W. , Gibson J. , Prince H. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOptions for treatment of elderly patients with multiple myeloma have expanded substantially following the development of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD), proteasome inhibitors and with enhancement in safety of high‐dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplant (HDT + ASCT). The recognition of biological heterogeneity among elderly patients has made delivery of therapy more challenging. An individualised approach to treatment selection is recommended in an era in which highly efficacious treatment options are available for transplant‐ineligible patients. Here, we summarise recommendations for patients who are considered unsuitable for HDT + ASCT, including pretreatment considerations, and induction, maintenance and supportive care therapies.
Calibration Weighting Methods for Complex Surveys
Authors: Wu Changbao , Lu Wilson W. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a careful investigation of the three popular calibration weighting methods: (i) generalised regression; (ii) generalised exponential tilting and (iii) generalised pseudo empirical likelihood, with a major focus on computational aspects of the methods and some empirical evidences on calibrated weights. We also propose a simple weight trimming method for range‐restricted calibration. The finite sample behaviour of the weights obtained by the three calibration weighting methods and the effectiveness of the proposed weight trimming method are examined through limited simulation studies.
Textures and traction: how tube‐dwelling polychaetes get a leg up
Authors: Merz Rachel Ann 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBy controlling the traction between its body and the tube wall, a tube‐dwelling polychaete can move efficiently from one end of its tube to the other, brace its body during normal functions (e.g., ventilation and feeding), and anchor within its tube avoiding removal by predators. To examine the potential physical interaction between worms and the tubes they live in, scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal and quantify the morphology of worm bodies and the tubes they produce for species representing 13 families of tube‐dwelling polychaetes. In the tubes of most species there were macroscopic or nearly macroscopic (~10 μm–1 mm) bumps or ridges that protruded slightly into the lumen of the tube; these could provide purchase as a worm moves or anchors. At this scale (~10 μm‐1 mm), the surfaces of the chaetal heads that interact with the tube wall were typically small enough to fit within spaces between these bumps (created by the inward projection of exogenous materials incorporated into the tube wall) or ridges (made by secretions on the interior surface of the tube). At a finer scale (0.01–10 μm), there was a second overlap in size, usually between the dentition on the surfaces of chaetae that interact with the tube walls and the texture provided by the secreted strands or microscopic inclusions of the inner linings. These linings had a surprising diversity of micro‐textures. The most common micro‐texture was a “fabric” of secreted threads, but there were also orderly micro‐ridges, wrinkles, and rugose surfaces provided by microorganisms incorporated into the inner tube lining. Understanding the fine structures of tubes in conjunction with the morphologies of the worms that build them gives insight into how tubes are constructed and how worms live within them.
In vivo time‐sequential histological study focused on melanocytes: suggestion of golden time for intervention to prevent post‐laser pigmentary changes
Authors: Song H.S. , Park J.‐Y. , Kim S.J. , Kang H.Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundPost‐inflammatory pigmentary changes after laser treatments are challenging adverse effect.ObjectiveTo suggest an ideal time period with regard to intervention to prevent post‐laser pigmentary changes, an in vivo time‐sequential histological study focused on melanocytes was performed.MethodsThe back skin of four volunteers was irradiated with Q‐switched alexandrite laser (QSAL). In one subject (subject 4), topical corticosteroid was applied onto the irradiated skin from the time of irradiation to day 28. In all subjects, time‐sequential skin biopsies were performed at baseline, an immediate time after irradiation, day 2, day 7, and day 28. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted.ResultsQ‐switched alexandrite laser led to the successful removal of pigments and most melanocytes from the epidermis in all subjects. At day 28, there was increased epidermal pigmentation in the skin of the subjects 1–3. It was noted that numerous activated melanocytes appeared on day 7, continued to be observed until day 28. However, in the subject 4, the melanocyte activation and post‐laser pigmentary changes were not observed.ConclusionIn regard to intervene melanocyte activation, at least 1 week after laser treatment is suggested as a ‘golden’ time period to prevent pigmentary changes.
Evaluation of an antigen‐capture EIA for the diagnosis of hepatitis E virus infection
Authors: Zhao C. , Geng Y. , Harrison T. J. , Huang W. , Song A. , Wang Y. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryAn enzyme immunoassay (EIA) has been developed for hepatitis E virus (HEV) antigen (HEV‐Ag) detection and marketed in China. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of the assay and assess the value of HEV‐Ag detection in the diagnosis of HEV infection in comparison with HEV RNA detection. Using serial dilutions of a genotype 4 HEV strain, significant correlation was found between the EIA (S/CO) and HEV RNA (IU/mL) concentration in the range 103.5 to 100.5 IU/mL HEV RNA, the Pearson correlation coefficient r approached 0.97. The EIA detection limit was 54.6 IU/mL, compared to 24 IU/mL for HEV RNA using real‐time RT‐PCR. In clinical samples from hepatitis E patients, the HEV‐Ag and HEV RNA positivity rates were 55.6% (65/117) and 60.7% (71/117) in sera and 76.7% (56/73) and 84.9% (62/73) in stools, and the concordance of these two markers was 77.8% in sera and 80.8% in stools. In serum samples, the HEV‐Ag positivity rate and the concordance between HEV‐Ag and HEV RNA were inversely proportional to the presence of anti‐HEV antibody. The presence of anti‐HEV IgG could reduce the S/CO of the HEV‐Ag EIA. These results reveal a significant correlation between the detection of HEV‐Ag and HEV RNA. The sensitivity of the HEV‐Ag EIA was lower than real‐time RT‐PCR but could be higher than conventional nested RT‐PCR. Therefore, the detection of HEV‐Ag in serum and faeces is valuable for the diagnosis and prognosis of HEV infection in developing regions where real‐time RT‐PCR is not available.
Evolution and selection of Rhg1, a copy‐number variant nematode‐resistance locus
Authors: Lee Tong Geon , Kumar Indrajit , Diers Brian W. , Hudson Matthew E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance locus Rhg1 is a tandem repeat of a 31.2 kb unit of the soybean genome. Each 31.2‐kb unit contains four genes. One allele of Rhg1, Rhg1‐b, is responsible for protecting most US soybean production from SCN. Whole‐genome sequencing was performed, and PCR assays were developed to investigate allelic variation in sequence and copy number of the Rhg1 locus across a population of soybean germplasm accessions. Four distinct sequences of the 31.2‐kb repeat unit were identified, and some Rhg1 alleles carry up to three different types of repeat unit. The total number of copies of the repeat varies from 1 to 10 per haploid genome. Both copy number and sequence of the repeat correlate with the resistance phenotype, and the Rhg1 locus shows strong signatures of selection. Significant linkage disequilibrium in the genome outside the boundaries of the repeat allowed the Rhg1 genotype to be inferred using high‐density single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping of 15 996 accessions. Over 860 germplasm accessions were found likely to possess Rhg1 alleles. The regions surrounding the repeat show indications of non‐neutral evolution and high genetic variability in populations from different geographic locations, but without evidence of fixation of the resistant genotype. A compelling explanation of these results is that balancing selection is in operation at Rhg1.
The Postimplantation Electrocardiogram Predicts Clinical Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: COVERSTONE EDWARD , SHEEHY JUSTIN , KLEIGER ROBERT E. , SMITH TIMOTHY W. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundBiventricular (BiV) pacing for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is intended to improve left ventricular function by coordinating systolic activity of the septum and free walls. Optimal resynchronization should be manifested by 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns consistent with resynchronized activation, a tall (≥4 mm) R wave in V1, and predominant negative deflection in lead I (RV1SI). We investigated whether the presence or absence of RV1SI predicts heart failure outcomes within 1 year of CRT implant.MethodsTwo independent physicians reviewed the paced ECG of 213 patients post‐CRT device implantation with disputes resolved by a third reviewer. The primary end points of all‐cause death, unplanned hospitalization, left ventricular assist device implant, or transplant within a 1‐year follow‐up were blindly adjudicated according to standard definitions. Groups were compared via Kaplan‐Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models to determine association with event‐free survival.ResultsAmong CRT patients postimplantation, 56 (26.3%) exhibited the RV1SI pattern on ECG. Patients with the RV1SI pattern were significantly less likely to achieve the primary end point as compared to patients without the RV1SI pattern (33.9% vs 52.2%; Log Rank P = 0.022). This difference was driven by a significantly lower risk for unplanned hospitalization among patients with the RV1SI pattern (hazard ratio = 0.510; confidence interval [0.298, 0.876]). The predictive value remained after adjustment for potential confounders (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe 12‐lead ECG postimplantation predicts clinical outcomes of BiV pacing. Such prediction may be useful in predicting the need for alternative or advanced heart failure therapies. Further study into ECG patterns may help to prospectively guide CRT.
A retrospective study of medical comorbidities in psychogeriatric patients
Authors: Goh Anita M.Y. , Westphal Alissa , Daws Teresa , Gascoigne‐Cohen Sophie , Hamilton Bridget , Lautenschlager Nicola T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study contributes further research into the assessment and treatment of older psychiatric patients with medical comorbidities.MethodsA retrospective file audit was conducted at the acute inpatient psychogeriatric unit of St Vincent's Aged Mental Health Service, Melbourne, in order to determine the prevalence of certain medical comorbidities and the nature of medical interventions provided for psychogeriatric inpatients.ResultsThis study, investigating 165 admissions into an acute inpatient psychogeriatric unit, highlights that psychiatric and medical comorbidities are routine in this population: the vast majority (91.5%) of all inpatients had at least one medical comorbidity.ConclusionsAs the population ages, psychogeriatric wards are likely to see more of the oldest‐olds, who are likely to have comorbid medical illnesses. Currently, appropriate detection, investigation, and management of these illnesses are often suboptimal and can affect quality of life, increase mortality, and complicate treatment. This paper adds to the literature about the need for integrating medical and psychiatric care to create a more comprehensive strategy for treating the older person with psychiatric illness.
Loci and candidate gene identification for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) via association and linkage maps
Authors: Zhao Xue , Han Yingpeng , Li Yinghui , Liu Dongyuan , Sun Mingming , Zhao Yue , Lv Chunmei , Li Dongmei , Yang Zhijiang , Huang Long , Teng Weili , Qiu Lijuan , Zheng Hongkun , Li Wenbin 
Published: March 2015

SummarySoybean white mold (SWM), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ((Lib.) W. Phillips), is currently considered to be the second most important cause of soybean yield loss due to disease. Research is needed to identify SWM‐resistant germplasm and gain a better understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of SWM resistance in soybean. Stem pigmentation after treatment with oxaloacetic acid is an effective indicator of resistance to SWM. A total of 128 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of ‘Maple Arrow’ (partial resistant to SWM) and ‘Hefeng 25’ (susceptible) and 330 diverse soybean cultivars were screened for the soluble pigment concentration of their stems, which were treated with oxalic acid. Four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying soluble pigment concentration were detected by linkage mapping of the RILs. Three hundred and thirty soybean cultivars were sequenced using the whole‐genome encompassing approach and 25 179 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected for the fine mapping of SWM resistance genes by genome‐wide association studies. Three out of five SNP markers representing a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block and a single locus on chromosome 13 (Gm13) were significantly associated with the soluble pigment content of stems. Three more SNPs that represented three minor QTLs for the soluble pigment content of stems were identified on another three chromosomes by association mapping. A major locus with the largest effect on Gm13 was found both by linkage and association mapping. Four potential candidate genes involved in disease response or the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were identified at the locus near the significant SNPs (<60 kbp). The beneficial allele and candidate genes should be useful in soybean breeding for improving resistance to SWM.
SnRK1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is an atypical AMPK
Authors: Emanuelle Shane , Hossain Mohammed Iqbal , Moller Isabel E. , Pedersen Henriette L. , van de Meene Allison M. L. , Doblin Monika S. , Koay Ann , Oakhill Jonathan S. , Scott John W. , Willats William G. T. , Kemp Bruce E. , Bacic Antony , Gooley Paul R. , Stapleton David I. 
Published: March 2015

SummarySNF1‐related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is the plant orthologue of the evolutionarily‐conserved SNF1/AMPK/SnRK1 protein kinase family that contributes to cellular energy homeostasis. Functional as heterotrimers, family members comprise a catalytic α subunit and non‐catalytic β and γ subunits; multiple isoforms of each subunit type exist, giving rise to various isoenzymes. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome contains homologues of each subunit type, and, in addition, two atypical subunits, β3 and βγ, with unique domain architecture, that are found only amongst plants, suggesting atypical heterotrimers. The AtSnRK1 subunit structure was determined using recombinant protein expression and endogenous co‐immunoprecipitation, and six unique isoenzyme combinations were identified. Each heterotrimeric isoenzyme comprises a catalytic α subunit together with the unique βγ subunit and one of three non‐catalytic β subunits: β1, β2 or the plant‐specific β3 isoform. Thus, the AtSnRK1 heterotrimers contain the atypical βγ subunit rather than a conventional γ subunit. Mammalian AMPK heterotrimers are phosphorylated on the T–loop (pThr175/176) within both catalytic a subunits. However, AtSnRK1 is insensitive to AMP and ADP, and is resistant to T–loop dephosphorylation by protein phosphatases, a process that inactivates other SNF1/AMPK family members. In addition, we show that SnRK1 is inhibited by a heat‐labile, >30 kDa, soluble proteinaceous factor that is present in the lysate of young rosette leaves. Finally, none of the three SnRK1 carbohydrate‐binding modules, located in the β1, β2 and βγ subunits, associate with various carbohydrates, including starch, the plant analogue of glycogen to which AMPK binds in vitro. These data clearly demonstrate that AtSnRK1 is an atypical member of the SNF1/AMPK/SnRK1 family.
Simplified Mathematical Representations of Single Shaft Gas Turbines in Mechanical Drive Service
Authors: Rowen William I. 
Published: March 2015

There have been several recent applications of large single shaft, heavy duty gas turbines in mechanical drive service, powering high horsepower, multi-casing compressors. This variable speed application of a traditional constant speed driver, with a more limited operating speed range, has created a need for simplified but accurate mathematical representations that can be incorporated into overall process simulations to allow interactive dynamic evaluation of the complete system.
This paper presents simplified mathematical representations of four gas turbines covering the horsepower range from 26,000 HP to 108,000 HP. The models incorporate both the control and fuel system characteristics as well as those of the turbomachinery. Although gas fuel is assumed, listed references can be used to accomodate liquid fuel. The models are suitable for a wide range of ambient temperatures, and the influence of axial flow compressor variable inlet guide vanes is included in the models as appropriate to the actual machinery configuration.
Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Flow in a Centrifugal Compressor Volute
Authors: Ayder E. , Van den Braembussche R. , Brasz J. J. 
Published: March 2015

Detailed measurements of the swirling flow in a centrifugal compressor volute with elliptical cross section are presented.
They show important variations of the swirl- and throughflow velocity, total and static pressure distribution at the different volute cross sections and at the diffuser exit.
The basic mechanisms defining the complex 3D flow structure are clarified. The different sources of pressure losses have been investigated and used to improve the prediction capability of one dimensional mean streamline analysis correlations.
The tangential flow loss model, under decelerating flow conditions, and friction loss model are confirmed. New emprical loss coefficients are proposed for the exit cone loss model and the tangential flow loss model for the case of accelerating flow in the volute.
Shroud Heat Transfer Measurements From a Rotating Cavity With an Axial Throughflow of Air
Authors: Long C. A. , Tucker P. G. 
Published: March 2015

The paper discusses measurements of heat transfer obtained from the inside surface of the peripheral shroud. The experiments were carried out on a rotating cavity, comprising two 0.985m diameter discs, separated by an axial gap of 0.065 m and bounded at the circumference by a carbon fibre shroud. Tests were conducted with a heated shroud and either unheated or heated discs. When heated, the discs had the same temperature level and surface temperature distribution. Two different temperature distributions were tested; the surface temperature either increased, or decreased with radius. The effects of disc, shroud and air temperature levels were also studied. Tests were carried out for the range of axial throughflow rates and speeds: 0.0025 ≤ m ≤ 0.2 kg/s and 12.5 ≤ Ω ≤ 125 rad/sec, respectively. Measurements were also made of the temperature of the air inside the cavity.
The shroud Nusselt numbers are found to depend on a Grashof number which is defined using the centripetal acceleration. Providing the correct reference temperature is used, the measured Nusselt numbers also show similarity to those predicted by an established correlation for a horizontal plate in air. The heat transfer from the shroud is only weakly affected by the disc surface temperature distribution and temperature level.
The heat transfer from the shroud appears to be affected by the Rossby number. A significant enhancement to the rotationally-induced free convection occurs in the regions: 2 ≤ Ro ≤ 4 and Ro 4 ≥ 20. The first of these corresponds to a region where vortex breakdown has been observed. In the second region, the Rossby number may be sufficiently large for the central throughflow to directly affect the shroud heat transfer.
Heating the shroud does not appear to significantly affect the heat transfer from the discs.
Hot Streaks and Phantom Cooling in a Turbine Rotor Passage: Part 1 — Separate Effects
Authors: Roback Richard J. , Dring Robert P. 
Published: March 2015

This paper presents experimental documentation and analytical correlations demonstrating the effects of hot streak accumulation and phantom cooling on turbine rotor airfoil surface temperature. Results are shown which quantify the impact of (1) a non-uniform temperature profile at the entrance of a turbine due to combustor-generated hot and cold streaks, and (2) cooling air discharged from the trailing edge of the upstream stator.
In Part 1 of this paper, experimental results are shown for a range of controlling variables to identify where streak accumulation and phantom cooling were most likely to be strongest. These variables include streak-to-free stream density ratio, streak injection location and coolant-to-free stream density and velocity ratios.
In Part 2 of this paper, experimental results are shown for the combined effects of hot streak and stator coolant. An analytic model is also presented to correlate the experimental results.
Carbon Monoxide Emissions From Gas Turbines as Influenced by Ambient Temperature and Turbine Load
Authors: Hung W. S. Y. 
Published: March 2015

The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from gas turbines are typically below 100 ppmvd @ 15% O2 at design full-load operating conditions. The use of water/steam to reduce NOx emissions from gas turbines results in an increase in CO emissions from gas turbines. This is particularly true when increased rates of water/steam injection are used to meet stringent NOx limits.
Regulations limiting CO emissions from stationary gas turbines were first initiated in the late 1980’s by the Federal Republic of Germany and the state of New Jersey in the United States. Since these regulations are silent on ambient and load corrections, these CO limits could be the limiting factor in the current development of dry low NOx combustion systems by gas turbine manufacturers. In addition, since manufacturers are usually quite specific regarding the conditions for CO guarantees, a conflict for the gas turbine user, who is responsible for the permit application, is readily apparent.
This paper attempts to characterize the CO emissions from gas turbines as a function of ambient temperature and turbine load. An ambient temperature correction equation for CO emissions, based on previous work, is presented. The intent is to provide more extensive information on CO emissions such that better defined CO limits can be adopted. Ultimately, this should help the combustion design engineers in developing improved dry low emissions combustion systems for the gas turbine industry.