bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edukasi Mengenai Penyakit Berbasis Lingkungan Sebagai Dampak Bencana Perubahan Iklim
Authors: Fatria Erian , Priadi Agus , Suwandi SN Febrian Rahmat , Ashra Fauzi , Boytoleny Savio Pipo , Sunarti Sunarti 
Published: August 2024

The background of the implementation of this community service is based on the many incidents of environment-based diseases that occur at every level of society as a result of the phenomenon of climate change. Education about environment-based diseases is a solution that can be offered in the context of anticipating climate change disaster adaptation and mitigation. The purpose of this community service is to provide information to the public regarding climate literacy and the importance of efforts to prevent and overcome various environmental-based disease events. The method in this community service is a quantitative method involving 39 Public Health students at Universitas Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi, who were selected by purposive sampling, after the education is carried out, the group will be given a test instrument to determine student knowledge about environment-based diseases and global climate change. The analysis technique used is a descriptive technique which is carried out to map the knowledge gained by students. The results of this community service are able to provide new knowledge to students related to the incidence of environment-based diseases as an impact of global climate change, by getting the most scores in the good predicate interval (71-85), reaching 46.15% of the total students. And it is concluded that the educational method on environment-based diseases is effective to be given in the context of adaptation and mitigation of climate change disasters. The findings obtained can be taken into consideration for the community on the importance of increasing knowledge in achieving a balance of human quality of life with environmental quality in the context of achieving the 3rd SDGs, namely guaranteed health and well-being and the 13th SDGs, namely climate action.
Increased 90-Day Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients With Hip Fracture During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mizera Megan M. , Putur Danielle , Tarasova Anna , Gjonbalaj Edina , Seref-Ferlengez Zeynep , Muñoz Andrea M. , Akioyamen Noel O. , Kahn Mani 
Published: August 2024

Background
When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first spread to the United States, our institution was at the outbreak's epicenter. Despite limited understanding of COVID-19's long-term effects, we continued performing surgical fixation of geriatric hip fractures under strict guidelines. This study examined the outcomes of these patients during the pandemic compared with those of patients treated pre-pandemic.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with hip fractures between December 2019 and June 2020, the peak of the pandemic in our region. Outcomes of patients treated with surgical fixation (2020 cohort) were compared with those of a historical control group (2019 cohort). The primary outcome was 90-day mortality, with secondary outcomes including pneumonia, thromboembolic events, emergency department visits, readmission, and cardiac events.

Results
The 2020 cohort (n=64) and 2019 cohort (n=78) had similar baseline characteristics. The 2020 cohort had a 4.27 times higher risk (95% CI, 1.30–13.98) of developing pneumonia compared with the pre-pandemic cohort but had no other differences in 90-day complications. Patients with COVID-19 in the 2020 cohort had a 5.09 times higher risk (95% CI, 1.35–19.20) of developing pneumonia and a 5.38 times higher risk (95% CI, 1.13–25.64) of postoperative mortality. There was no increased risk for thromboembolism between the 2020 and 2019 cohorts, even among COVID-19 cases, as all patients received anticoagulation with heparin.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that hip fracture surgery remained safe during the peak of the US COVID-19 pandemic, with an expected increase in pneumonia and mortality risk for patients with hip fracture with COVID-19. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(6):359–364.]
Patterns of diversity in stream macroinvertebrate communities in a low-gradient agricultural stream (Sydenham River, Ontario, Canada) were driven by surficial geology and catchment position
Authors: Bresolin Andrea R. , Eveleens Roland A. , Frazao Alyssa A. , Febria Catherine M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Freshwater biodiversity is increasingly at risk wherever land uses such as agriculture exert multiple stressors that degrade habitat quality. Although stream macroinvertebrates act as bioindicators for monitoring these impacts, their responses are context-specific: examining drivers of community composition is therefore important to understand the results of monitoring efforts. In a primarily agricultural landscape, 15 sites across the Sydenham River watershed, Ontario, Canada, were assessed for in-stream habitat quality and stream macroinvertebrate diversity. We predicted that community assemblage would be driven by differences in surficial geology across branch (east branch versus north branch) and catchment position (main stem versus tributary). We found that the main stem of the east branch was characterised by significantly higher proportions (P = 0.053) and abundance (P = 0.038) of Ephemeroptera–Plecoptera–Trichoptera (EPT) taxa than north branch sites were, and sites in the east and north branch tributaries were characterised by significantly lower Hilsenhoff Biotic Index (HBI) scores (P = 0.088). Redundancy analysis found that substrate size was the main driver of community composition, generating a model that described these patterns across branch and catchment position. Our findings suggest that EPT abundance and HBI scores were the variables that were most effective at revealing differences in stream communities due to agricultural impacts and that sediment size is an important driver of these patterns.
Comparison of Balance during Dual-Task in-between Cognitively Impaired and Nonimpaired Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kandharkar Samruddhi Sunil , Paldhikar Sayli S. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Parkinson’s disease manifests as bradykinesia, stiffness, tremors, and abnormalities in gait and balance. When performing dual activities, people with cognitive impairments exhibit noticeable alterations in mobility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether balance during dual tasking is related to cognitive deterioration. The aim was to compare balance during dual-task in-between cognitively impaired (CI) and nonimpaired individuals with Parkinson’s disease. The objective was to evaluate balance using timed up and go test (TUG), TUG-manual (TUG-m), and TUG-cognitive (TUG-c) and to compare its scores in both the groups.

Materials and Methods:
It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out at outpatient department and Parkinson’s societies. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, and the sample size was 22. Subjects were divided into two groups (by stratification method) according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores as CI and nonimpaired group. Both groups performed TUG with manual task and cognitive task. The time taken to complete all TUG tests was measured.

Results:
Comparison of TUG between the groups showed a highly significant difference in TUG and TUG-m tests (P < 0.001) and a significant difference in TUG-c (P = 0.028).

Conclusion:
The study found a significant difference in balance scores, assessed by the TUG test during dual-task conditions, between CI and nonimpaired individuals with Parkinson’s disease. This highlights the important role cognition plays in balance regulation in Parkinson’s disease.
Comparative Study of Modified Ultrafast Papanicolaou and Standard Papanicolaou Staining Technique for the Assessment of Cervical Smears
Authors: Mitra Nishant , Singh Vivek , Rawat Anamika Singh , Awasthi Seema , Mittal Ankita , Dutta Shyamoli 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Cervical invasive carcinoma is one of the most frequent cancers in the world, and it can be prevented with screening. The papanicolaou (Pap) smear is the most common screening procedure. Pap staining, as it is now done, is costly, requires a large amount of alcohol, and takes a long time.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 170 patients were recruited. One hundred and sixty-six patients, considering eligibility criteria, undergoing Pap smear test. Eligibility criteria: Age: 18–49 years females, who did not have a total hysterectomy done, who consented to participate in the study. Each patient had two smears taken on glass slides. Standard Pap smears were fixed for at least 15 min in 95% ethanol. The other smear was air-dried before being fixed with alcohol formalin and stained with modified ultrafast Pap (MUFP) stain. A comparison of two different techniques was made on the basis of cytomorphological features.

Results:
In studied smears, a clean background was seen in 18.24% and 14.12% of the cases in Pap stain and MUFP, respectively. Kappa analysis found a good correlation between Pap stain and MUFP (kappa: 0.81, P < 0.01). Crisp chromatin was seen in 89.41% and 67.65% of MUFP and Pap staining, respectively. About 88.82% of MUFP stains showed optimal cytoplasmic details and the same was revealed by 81.18% of Pap stains. MUFP has a better quality index (QI) as compared to Pap staining as no case in MUFP had QI of < 0.80 with a statistically significant difference as P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
MUFP is a simple, user-friendly, affordable, and less time-consuming alternative in low-resource areas in comparison to the traditional technique for mass cervical cancer screening.
Prevalence of Diabetes Distress among Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Area of West Bengal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pal Arpan , Das Nivedita , Ray Soumalya , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Diabetes distress is the emotional burden of diabetics and it may have a devastating impact on the health and well-being of people with diabetes. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of diabetes distress among adults with diabetes mellitus registered in the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD) register in a rural area of West Bengal and to identify its distribution across different sociodemographic and treatment-related variables.

Materials and Methods:
This community-based descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Barrackpore II block of North 24 Parganas district between July 2023 and September 2023. The study population consisted of diabetics registered under the NP-NCD register. The minimum required sample size of 155 was selected through a multistage sampling technique. Socioeconomic and sociodemographic data were collected using standardized questionnaire. Problem Areas in Diabetes questionnaire was used for assessing diabetes distress. Medication Adherence Report Scale questionnaire was used to check for medication adherence. Data were collected by house-to-house visits. Data were analyzed using jamovi (v2.4.8).

Results:
Out of the 142 participants, 52 (36.6%) had diabetes distress. Odds of diabetes distress were higher among <50 years of age (6.25 [2.41, 16.18]), females (3.66 [1.46, 9.21]), individuals with poor adherence to medications (8.40 [3.26, 21.59]), and individuals procuring medicines from private shops (3.47 [1.00, 12.00]).

Conclusion:
Diabetes distress is a public health problem among adults living with diabetes, which may have negative impacts on their quality of life and health outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the possible mitigating measures for the same.
Perceived Barriers of Managing Teaching–Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Descriptive Observational Study among Medical Educators in West Bengal
Authors: Chakraborty Sajib , Das Nivedita , Biswas Puspendu , Ray Soumalya 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a paradigm shift in the landscape of medical education, necessitating a transition from traditional pedagogical methods to digital learning platforms. This study aims to find out the barriers faced by medical educators in West Bengal during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive type of observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted between December 2022 and February 2023 with a reference period of March 2020 to December 2020. The study population was the medical educators working during the reference period in the various departments of Government Medical Colleges in West Bengal. One hundred and twenty medical educators were selected using simple random sampling and responses were collected through a predesigned and pretested Google Forms. Collected data were checked for consistency and analyzed in GNU PSPP (v 1.4.2). Quantitative data were expressed as mean (±standard deviation) or median (±interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed in frequency and percentage.

Results:
Out of the 120 sample population, 100 responded within the stipulated 7 days with a response rate of 83%. Most of the respondents had opined that they did not have a dedicated e-classroom facility for online education (87, 87%) and web camera (63, 63%). The majority had a prevailing teacher-centric approach to education including a lack of incorporating student feedback in deciding mode of communication.

Conclusion:
The study identifies the deficiency of logistical support and identifies the importance of capacity building of medical educators for tiding over similar situations in future.
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Two-handed E-C Clamp Technique versus V-E Technique in Patients with Predicted Difficult Mask Ventilation
Authors: Singh Harsimran , Dugg Kavita , Singh Mirley Rupinder , Sharma Jyoti , Grewal Anju 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
The skill of bag mask ventilation (BMV) remains pivotal during airway management for maintenance of oxygenation in apneic unconscious patients. Two-handed BMV techniques viz., the traditional E-C and V-E have been proven to be superior to one-handed techniques in optimizing BMV in difficult mask ventilation (DMV) scenarios.

Aims and Objectives:
This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of these two techniques of BMV in adult patients with predicted DMV.

Methods:
Four hundred ASA I-III adult patients with predictors of DMV received BMV after induction of anaesthesia using E-C clamp and V-E techniques in a randomized cross-over manner. Ventilator was set to VCV mode delivering tidal volume of 7 ml/kg, respiratory rate of 10 breaths per minute, and no PEEP. The primary outcome was exhaled tidal volume (Vte) and secondary outcomes analysed included air-leak, peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), minute ventilation (MV), plateau pressure and SpO2.

Results:
Two-handed V-E technique generated significantly higher mean Vte of 377.83 ± 58.43 ml as compared to two-handed E-C technique (303.26 ± 103.34 ml). The air-leak was found to be significantly more with E-C technique (131.05 ml ± 100.95 ml) as compared to V-E technique (59.08 ± 49.62 ml). Higher EtCO2, MV with concomitant lower airway pressures were observed with V-E technique. Failure rate of BMV was significantly higher with E-C technique (19%) as compared to V-E technique (1%) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
Two-handed V-E technique results in more effective ventilation as compared to two-handed E-C technique in patients with predictors of difficult BMV. This technique may be preferred as a first option in patients with anticipated DMV.
Assessment of fasting gastric volume using ultrasound in patients undergoing cholecystectomy and other elective surgeries: A prospective observational study
Authors: Kruthi N. , Rose Nadia , Reddy Deepa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Prevention of pulmonary aspiration is an important aspect of anaesthesia practice. Strictly following the pre-operative fasting guidelines can pre-empt pulmonary aspiration in most patients undergoing elective surgeries. Ultrasonographic assessment of patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy with symptomatic gall bladder disease has shown a higher incidence of a full stomach.

Aim:
The primary objectives of this study were to assess and compare gastric volume and contents in fasted patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy and other elective surgeries and to evaluate the relationship of fasting gastric volume and contents with other comorbidities and body mass index (BMI).

Materials and Methods:
On the day of surgery, hours of fasting were noted. Patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were in Group L, and patients scheduled for other surgeries were in Group O. Ultrasonography was performed before induction of anaesthesia in the pre-operative room by an experienced anaesthesiologist. The patients were classified based on the Perlas grading scale. To assess the risk of aspiration, the classification previously established by Ven de Putte and Perlas was used. Sixty patients were included in Group L and 60 patients in Group O.

Results:
The incidence of a full stomach was 3.33% in Group O and 20% in Group L. There was no significant association between BMI and gastric residual volume (GRV) in this study. There was no significant difference between GRV between diabetic and non-diabetic patients in Group L and Group O.

Conclusion:
Patients with gall bladder pathologies scheduled for cholecystectomy could have delayed gastric emptying; therefore, anaesthesiologists should be cautious, and bedside assessment tools such as ultrasound, which is easy and non-invasive, should be utilised to stratify the risk of aspiration in such patients.
Allicin Mitigates Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats by Activating Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog-induced Kinase 1/Parkin-mitophagy and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-mediated NOD-like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Yu Jia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the significant disabling outcomes of diabetes mellitus characterized by retinal microvascular damage, inflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. Allicin (Alc), a natural compound found in garlic, has garnered attention for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, positioning it as a potential therapeutic agent for DR. The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of Alc in DR management and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. We established a DR model in male Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 50, 200–250 g, 12 weeks old) using a high-fat diet for 8 weeks plus a low dose of streptozotocin administered at the start of the 4th week. The diabetic (Diab) animals were administered Alc (16 mg/kg/day, orally), either alone or in combination with mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) as a mitophagy inhibitor, starting 28 days before tissue sampling. We evaluated histopathological changes, metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the expression of proteins regulating pyroptosis (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3, cleaved-caspase 1, and gasdermin D-N terminal) and mitophagy (phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 [PINK1] and Parkin), as well as the levels of oxidative stress mediators and proinflammatory cytokines. Alc treatment effectively ameliorated histopathological changes and metabolic abnormalities associated with T2DM. It downregulated pyroptosis-related proteins, upregulated mitophagy-related proteins, reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels, and attenuated oxidative stress. Treatment with Mdivi-1 suppressed the beneficial effects of Alc. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Alc in managing DR by targeting multiple pathophysiological pathways, including pyroptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The observed antipyroptotic effects of Alc were partially mediated by the activation of the PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway. Additional studies are necessary to thoroughly understand the therapeutic mechanisms of Alc and its viability as a treatment choice for DR.
The Impact of Different Muscle Relaxation Techniques on the Upper Trapezius and Its Relationship with the Middle Trapezius
Authors: Li Gao , Liu Dan , Yang Di , He Ling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The relaxation of trapezius muscles is widely believed to alleviate fatigue or injury of the trapezius muscles and reduce the risk of shoulder and neck pain. This study aims to examine the effects of different muscle relaxation techniques on the physical properties of the trapezius muscle and to explore how changes in the physical properties of the upper trapezius muscle affect those of the middle trapezius muscle. Twenty-four healthy males (mean age: 23.08 ± 0.97 years; height: 172.42 ± 4.61 cm; weight: 66.38 ± 6.68 kg; and body mass index: 22.30 ± 1.81 kg/m2), randomly divided into four groups: stretching relaxation group (ST, n = 6), mechanical vibration massage (MV, n = 6), pulse massage (PU, n = 6), and control (CO, n = 6). Measurements using the Myoton digital muscle assessment system were conducted daily over 2 weeks. The experimental groups demonstrated a notable decrease in tension and stiffness, accompanied by heightened elasticity in the upper trapezius muscles. Conversely, the control group exhibited contrasting trends. Although no significant variances were detected among the relaxation techniques, all proved efficacious compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, relaxation of the upper trapezius muscles significantly influenced the middle trapezius muscles (P < 0.05). Various relaxation methods positively influenced trapezius muscle attributes over 2 weeks, with inter-regional effects noted.
Perception of Leprosy Patients towards the Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital of High Prevalent District in West Bengal, India
Authors: Datta Jayanti , Bhattacharya Tridibes , Chakraborty Sohanjan , Ahmed S K Shahriar , Patra Aparesh Chandra , Roy Sudipta , Sarkar Aditya P , Das Nilay K 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Leprosy is a disease having tremendous social implications due to ostracization. Despite continuous efforts made so far to eliminate leprosy, stigma/misbeliefs/adverse attitude toward leprosy still prevails among common people. Community perceptions and attitudes towards leprosy patients are critical and unique indicator of how society stereotypes leprosy.

Aims:
The qualitative study was conducted to explore the perceptions of leprosy patients towards leprosy.

Materials and Methods:
Two focused group discussions (FGDs) with 19 newly-diagnosed leprosy patients who can speak vernacular were conducted with help of a predetermined FGD-guide between April and June 2019 in the dermatology out-patient department of the tertiary-care center. Both FGD sessions were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. These verbatims were thematically analyzed and emerging themes were identified with illustrative quotations. Free list and pile sort data obtained were analyzed by Visual Anthropac version 1.0 software for Smith's salience value Cognitive mapping with two-dimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis.

Results:
Small size of wound, not giving importance, failure to realize, bad luck and scared of being isolated etc., were the most common reported perceptions. Overall, five themes emerged after pile sorting, namely ignorance about the disease, stigma and economic burden, positive perception after diagnosis, treatment-related suggestions, and myths and frequently asked questions.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that more IEC campaigns are required to abolish the stigma; and ASHA workers/front-line workers can play a pivotal role. The program (NLEP) can also utilize the role of satisfied cured-patient as peer-educator to improve the attitude of society towards this disease.