bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation on low‐temperature biomineralized nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite and sintered hydroxyapatite
Authors: Hesaraki Saeed , Nazarian Hamid , Pourbaghi‐Masouleh Milad , Borhan Shokoufeh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHydroxyapatite with different characteristics in terms of morphology and chemistry were prepared via conventional sintering and low temperature biomimetic mineralization methods. The biomineralization route introduced nanocrystalline carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite (n‐CHA) with needle‐like crystals ranging 20–30 nm whereas sintered HA (S‐HA) comprised of polygonal grains ranging 2–5 μm. The response of fibroblastic cells was investigated using the extract of the samples whereas Wistar rat‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were evaluated on top of each sample while maintaining in an osteogenic‐free medium. The proliferation, activity, and morphology of adherent MSCs were determined at different culturing periods. The osteogenic differentiation of MSCs was also assayed by determining expression of runx2, osteonectin, osteopontin, and osteocalcin genes using real time‐PCR analysis. The fibroblastic cells exhibited better proliferation rate at the presence ofn‐CHA compared to S‐HA. Furthermore, the MSCs attached and spread well on bothn‐CHA and S‐HA with better proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity onn‐CHA. Interestingly, the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs onn‐CHA was confirmed by the expression of bone specific proteins whereas poor expression of these proteins was detected for the cells on S‐HA. The results showed that the role of morphology, crystallinity, and chemistry of hydroxyapatite is crucial for osteogenesis differentiation of MSCs. The results predict osteoinductivity ofn‐CHA, because MSCs differentiation occurred at the absence of osteogenic medium. However, in vivo data are also required to support this suggestion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 108–118, 2014.
Effects of crosslinked dextran in hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose on soft tissue augmentation in rats
Authors: Cena Rohani B. , Park Jun‐Gyu , Kim Hyun‐Jeong , Son Kyu‐Yeol , Kim Deok‐Song , Kang Mun‐Il , Park Sang‐Ik , Moon Du Geon , Yang Dae Yul , Yu Dong Soo , Lee Jae Il , Cho Kyoung‐Oh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study compared crosslinked dextrans in hydroxylpropyl methycellulose (DiHMs, pH 5 or 7) with polymethylmethacrylate in bovine collagen (PMMA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers on soft tissue augmentation and safety in rats. HA tended to maintain its size throughout the experimental period but was moveable and friable because of a lack of thick fibroconnective tissue formation. Although, PMMA induced moderately thick fibroconnective tissue formation, its size was decreased markedly from 3‐week postimplantation (PI) and became the smallest at 24‐month PI. DiHM (pH 7) elicited strong fibrous encapsulation around the filler. Its size decreased slowly but was still considerably maintained at 24‐month PI. In contrast, the rate of the DiHM (pH 5) size decrease was slower than that of PMMA, faster DiHM (pH 7), but comparable to HA. Immunohistochemically, types I and III collagens were deposited inside and outside DiHMs (pH 5 and 7). DiHMs (pH 5 and 7), PMMA, and HA showed no adverse reactions. These results suggest that DiHM (pH 7) assures efficacy and safety and is a good candidate for soft tissue augmentation in both humans and animals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 131–140, 2014.
Inhibition of miR-92a Enhances Fracture Healing via Promoting Angiogenesis in a Model of Stabilized Fracture in Young Mice
Authors: Murata Koichi , Ito Hiromu , Yoshitomi Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Koji , Fukuda Akinobu , Yoshikawa Junsuke , Furu Moritoshi , Ishikawa Masahiro , Shibuya Hideyuki , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small noncoding RNAs regulating the activities of target mRNAs and cellular processes. Although no miRNA has been reported to play an important role in the regulation of fracture healing, several miRNAs control key elements in tissue repair processes such as inflammation, hypoxia response, angiogenesis, stem cell differentiation, osteogenesis, and chondrogenesis. We compared the plasma concentrations of 134 miRNAs in 4 patients with trochanteric fractures and 4 healthy controls (HCs), and the levels of six miRNAs were dysregulated. Among these miRNAs, miR-92a levels were significantly decreased 24 hours after fracture, compared to HCs. In patients with a trochanteric fracture or a lumbar compression fracture, the plasma concentrations of miR-92a were lower on days 7 and 14, but had recovered on day 21 after the surgery or injury. To determine whether systemic downregulation of miR-92a can modulate fracture healing, we administered antimir-92a, designed using locked nucleic acid technology to inhibit miR-92a, to mice with a femoral fracture. Systemic administration of antimir-92a twice a week increased the callus volume and enhanced fracture healing. Enhancement of fracture healing was also observed after local administration of antimir-92a. Neovascularization was increased in mice treated with antimir-92a. These results suggest that plasma miR-92a plays a crucial role in bone fracture healing in human and that inhibition of miR-92a enhances fracture healing through angiogenesis and has therapeutic potential for bone repair. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Protective Effects of Dietary Carotenoids on Risk of Hip Fracture in Men: The Singapore Chinese Health Study
Authors: Dai Zhaoli , Wang Renwei , Ang Li-Wei , Low Yen-Ling , Yuan Jian-Min , Koh Woon-Puay 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Experimental and epidemiologic data suggest that carotenoids in vegetables and fruits may benefit bone health due to their antioxidant properties. The relationship between dietary total and specific carotenoids, as well as vegetables and fruits, and risk of hip fracture was examined among Chinese in Singapore. We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 men and women who were of ages 45 to 74 years between 1993 and 1998. At recruitment, subjects were interviewed on lifestyle factors and medical history. Usual diet was measured using a validated food frequency questionnaire. During a mean follow-up of 9.9 years, we identified 1630 hip fracture incident cases. Among men, consumption of vegetables was associated with lower hip fracture risk. Similarly, dietary total carotenoids and specific carotenoids, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein/zeaxanthin were inversely associated with hip fracture risk. Compared to men in the lowest quartile of nutrient density, men in the highest quartile had statistically significant 26% to 39% risk reduction (all p for trend &lt;0.05). When stratified by body mass index (BMI), the greatest protective effects of total vegetables and carotenoids were found in men with BMI &lt;20 kg/m2 (p for trend ≤0.004). There was no association between dietary carotenoids or vegetables/fruits and hip fracture risk among women. This study suggests that adequate intake of vegetables may reduce risk of osteoporotic fractures among elderly men and that the antioxidant effects of carotenoids may counteract the mechanism of osteoporosis related to leanness. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
In Healthy Adults, Biological Activity of Vitamin D, as Assessed by Serum PTH, Is Largely Independent of DBP Concentrations
Authors: Dastani Zari , Berger Claudie , Langsetmo Lisa , Fu Lei , Wong Betty YL , Malik Suneil , Goltzman David , Cole David E , Richards J Brent 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Vitamin D insufficiency, as measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels, has been associated with important health outcomes. The majority of vitamin D in circulation is bound to vitamin D–binding protein (DBP) and albumin, and recent genetic studies have demonstrated that serum DBP is a major determinant of 25(OH)D concentrations in adults. The impact of circulating DBP levels on vitamin D's biologic action, is unclear, but is of particular relevance to vitamin D epidemiology, because a lack of control for DBP levels could strongly influence the association of vitamin D with disease. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels can act as a biological readout of 25(OH)D activity. We therefore assessed the relationship between serum total and free 25(OH)D and PTH with and without adjusting for DBP, in 2073 subjects of European descent. Total 25(OH)D levels correlated positively (r = 0.19, p = 1.8 × 10−17) with DBP, whereas the free 25(OH)D correlated negatively (r = −0.14, p = 5.0 × 10−12). Total and free 25(OH)D levels correlated negatively with PTH (r = −0.29, p = 1.3 × 10−39; r = −0.26, p = 1.9 × 10−33, respectively). Including age, body mass index (BMI), sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, calcium, and season of blood draw as covariates, total 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with log-transformed PTH (lnPTH) levels (linear term: β = −0.010, p &lt; 0.0001, squared term: β = 0.00004, p &lt; 0.0001) and this association was not changed by adjusting for DBP. These findings provide evidence that in a largely vitamin D–sufficient cohort, the biological effect of vitamin D on PTH levels is mainly independent of DBP concentration. Accordingly, this study may provide useful information for studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D, DBP, and disease. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The U5 snRNA internal loop 1 is a platform for Brr2, Snu114 and Prp8 protein binding during U5 snRNP assembly
Authors: Nancollis Verity , Ruckshanthi Jayalath P.D. , Frazer Lily Novak , O'Keefe Raymond T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) forms the heart of the spliceosome which is required for intron removal from pre‐mRNA. The proteins Prp8, Snu114 and Brr2 all assemble with the U5 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) to produce the U5 snRNP. Successful assembly of the U5 snRNP, then incorporation of this snRNP into the U4/U6.U5 tri‐snRNP and the spliceosome, is essential for producing an active spliceosome. We have investigated the requirements for Prp8, Snu114 and Brr2 association with the U5 snRNA to form the U5 snRNP in yeast. Mutations were constructed in the highly conserved loop 1 and internal loop 1 (IL1) of the U5 snRNA and their function assessed in vivo. The influence of these U5 mutations on association of Prp8, Snu114 and Brr2 with the U5 snRNA were then determined. U5 snRNA loop 1 and both sides of IL1 in U5 were important for association of Prp8, Snu114 and Brr2 with the U5 snRNA. Mutations in the 3′ side of U5 IL1 resulted in the greatest reduction of Prp8, Snu114 and Brr2 association with the U5 snRNA. Genetic screening of brr2 and U5 snRNA mutants revealed synthetic lethal interactions between alleles in Brr2 and the 3′ side of U5 snRNA IL1 which reflects reduced association between Brr2 and U5 IL1. We propose that the U5 snRNA IL1 is a platform for protein binding and is required for Prp8, Brr2 and Snu114 association with the U5 snRNA to form the U5 snRNP. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2770–2784, 2013. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Imaging of extraradicular biofilm using combined scanning electron microscopy and stereomicroscopy
Authors: Wang Juan , Chen Wu , Jiang Yuntao , Liang Jingping 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMicroorganisms are able to survive and induce persistent infection in extraradicular areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between extraradicular biofilm and persistent periapical periodontitis. Thirty‐five apical samples with different stages of pulp and periapical pathology (vital pulp, pulp necrosis without radiographically visible periapical lesions, chronic periapical periodontitis that had not received root canal therapy and persistent periapical periodontitis) were initially evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The same samples were then processed using Brown and Brenn‐modified Gram staining. We detected extraradicular biofilm in all samples with persistent periapical periodontitis and in three samples with chronic periapical periodontitis. The extraradicular bacteria predominantly had rod and filament morphology and were surrounded by varying amounts of amorphous extracellular material. The surfaces outside the root of the apical samples with vital pulp and pulp necrosis were covered by fibers, and no extraradicular microorganisms were present, which suggests that extraradicular biofilm is closely associated with failed endodontic treatments, thus resulting in persistent infection. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:979–983, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrastructural characteristics of the spermatogenesis during the four phases of the annual reproductive cycle of the black myotis bat, Myotis nigricans (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Beguelini Mateus R. , Taboga Sebastião R. , Morielle‐Versute Eliana 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMyotis nigricans is an endemic species of vespertilionid bat, from the Neotropical region, that resembles temperate zone bats in their reproductive cycle; presenting an annual reproductive cycle with two periods of testicular regression, which are not linked to the apoptotic process and seems to be not directly linked to any seasonal abiotic variation. Thus, this study aimed to ultrastructurally evaluate their reproductive cycle. The process of testicular regression could be divided into four periods: active; regressing; regressed and recrudescence; with all presenting distinct characteristics. The active period was similar to that of other bats, presenting the complete occurrence of spermatogenesis, with three main types of spermatogonia (Ad, Ap, and B) and 12 steps in spermatid differentiation; however, it differed in having the outer dense fibers 1, 5, 6, and 9 larger than the others. These three types of spermatogonia undergo considerable morphologic changes from regressing to the regressed period, and in the recrudescence, they return to the basic morphology, which reactivates spermatogenesis. In conclusion, our study described the process of spermatogenesis, the ultrastructure of the spermatozoa and the distinct morphologic variations in the ultrastructure of the testicular cells of M. nigricans during the four different periods of its annual reproductive cycle. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:1035–1049, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The proton temperature anisotropy associated with bursty bulk flows in the magnetotail
Authors: Wu MingYu , Volwerk Martin , Lu QuanMing , Vörös Zoltán , Nakamura Rumi , Zhang TieLong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe study the development of the proton temperature anisotropy T⊥/T|| in bursty bulk flows (BBFs), as observed by THEMIS Mission. For a set of 10 selected events, during which at least three spacecraft are aligned in the same flow, we can sample the plasma parameters along the Earth's magnetotail. The temperature anisotropy in the quiescent tail is negligible. However, as soon as the BBF passes over the spacecraft a strong anisotropy is measured. We analyze T⊥/T|| as a function of parallel plasma beta‐β||(=nkT||/(B2/2μ0)) for the different THEMIS satellites and compare the spread of the data points with various instability thresholds over ion scales that can reduce the temperature anisotropy: for T⊥/T||<1 the parallel and oblique firehose; for T⊥/T||>1 the proton cyclotron and mirror mode. It is shown that the anisotropy reduces whilst the BBF is moving Earthward, and the strongest fluctuations are enhanced along the instability thresholds, indicating that these instabilities reduce the proton temperature anisotropy.
Integrating carbon emissions from lakes and streams in a subarctic catchment
Authors: Lundin Erik J. , Giesler Reiner , Persson Andreas , Thompson Megan S. , Karlsson Jan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractNorthern inland waters emit CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere but the importance of these emissions is poorly understood due to a lack of integrated catchment‐scale estimates of carbon (C) emissions from lakes and streams. In this study we quantified the annual emission of CO2 and CH4 from 27 lakes and 23 stream segments in a 15 km2 subarctic catchment in northern Sweden. All lakes and streams were net sources of C to the atmosphere on an annual basis. Streams dominated (96%) the aquatic CO2 emission while lakes (61%) dominated the aquatic CH4 emission. Total aquatic C emission from the catchment was estimated to be 9.1 g C m−2 yr−1 (98% as CO2). Although streams only accounted for 4% of the aquatic area in the catchment, they accounted for 95% of the total emission. The C emissions from lakes and streams were considerably larger than previously reported downstream waterborne export of C from the catchment, indicating that the atmospheric losses of C in the aquatic systems are an important component in the catchment C balance.
Evaluation of residual viremia and quantitation of soluble CD14 in a large cohort of HIV‐infected adults on a long‐term non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor‐based regimen
Authors: Allavena Clotilde , Rodallec Audrey , Sécher Solène , Reliquet Véronique , Baffoin Sandrine , André‐Garnier Elisabeth , Billaud Eric , Raffi François , Ferré Virginie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBeyond virological suppression and immunologic recovery, the objective of long‐term antiretroviral therapy is to suppress maximally viremia and to control for persistent immune activation. Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐containing regimens are associated with lower residual viremia. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of long term NNRTI‐containing treatment on residual viremia and on monocyte activation in a cohort of patients infected with HIV‐1. To identify factors associated with residual viremia, adult patients infected with HIV on nevirapine or efavirenz‐based therapy with viral load <50 copies/ml for >6 months were included. Residual plasma viremia was quantified using an adapted Cobas/Taqman HIV‐1 assay. Viral loads with no detected signal were considered as <1 copy/ml. Monocyte activation was evaluated by quantitation of plasma sCD14 by ELISA assay at the time of residual viremia measurement. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with residual viremia <1 copy/ml. In this cohort of 421 patients on long‐term NNRTI regimen, three quarters had a residual viremia <1 copy/ml. In multivariate analysis, duration of plasma viral load below 50 copies/ml was the only factor associated with residual viremia <1 copy/ml. Soluble CD14 was in the normal range although treatment with nevirapine was associated with a significant lower level of sCD14 compared to efavirenz. Residual viremia <1 copy/ml was frequent in this cohort of patients with long term virological control and confirmed the results of previous studies. Apart from its antiviral effect, nevirapine as well as efavirenz could decrease monocyte activation. J Med. Virol. 85:1878–1882, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in temperature over Godavari River basin in Southern Peninsular India
Authors: Jhajharia Deepak , Dinpashoh Yagob , Kahya Ercan , Choudhary Rahul R. , Singh Vijay P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThere is little dispute that global surface air temperature has increased and the anthropogenic‐induced global warming is likely to play an important role in the management of water resources of a river basin. Therefore, this study was undertaken for Godavari River basin, a large southern peninsular river basin in India. After removing the effect of significant lag‐1 serial correlation by pre‐whitening procedure, the Mann–Kendall (MK) test was employed to investigate trends in maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin) and mean temperature (Tmean) at 35 stations in the basin. At seasonal (monthly) time scales, a majority of the stations exhibited no trends in Tmean, Tmax and Tmin in any of the four seasons (12 months) with the exception of post‐monsoon (December) for Tmax and monsoon (July and September) for Tmin. About 60% (45%) of the stations exhibited increasing trends in Tmax (Tmin) in different durations: the month of December and post‐monsoon season (the months of July and September and monsoon season) indicating the presence of an element of seasonal cycle in temperature over the Godavari basin. Results of tests of spatial and temporal homogeneity of trends by the Van Belle and Hughes method showed that trends in temperature over the Godavari basin were not homogeneous for different months or at different stations. In spite of the warmer climate in the basin, the evaporation (Epan) has been found to decrease significantly over the Godavari basin. Strong decreases in wind speed and increases in relative humidity may have actually caused the Epan decreases over the southern peninsular region of India.
Trends in observed extreme climate indices in Saudi Arabia during 1979–2008
Authors: Athar H. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTResults of a detailed computation of trends in the annual and the seasonal extreme climate indices using the observed daily temperature and precipitation datasets from a total of 19 stations from Saudi Arabia (SA) for the 30‐year period (1979–2008) are presented. The temperature based indices have higher value of statistically significant decadal trends and are spatially more widespread as compared to the precipitation based indices. The increase in the frequency of the extreme warm temperatures is larger than the increase in the frequency of the extreme cold temperatures, both on the annual and the seasonal basis. The daily temperature based extremes display more warming in the summer season. The (southwest) coastal stations have displayed more warming as compared to the inland stations. The regional daily temperature range shows a statistically significant increase of 0.21 °C decade−1 for SA, during the 30‐year period. Warming of extreme maximum temperatures follow the general trend of already noticed warming in SA.
Novel focal adhesion protein kindlin‐2 promotes the invasion of gastric cancer cells through phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3
Authors: Shen Zhanlong , Ye Yingjiang , Kauttu Tuuli , Seppänen Hanna , Vainionpää Sanna , Wang Shan , Mustonen Harri , Puolakkainen Pauli 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe have found that the expression of the novel focal adhesion protein kindlin‐2 had a significant positive correlation with poor survival in gastric cancer. However, the mechanism by which kindlin‐2 acts in gastric cancer warrants further evaluation.MethodsKindlin‐2 mRNA expression in gastric cancer cell lines was measured by realtime RT‐PCR under normal and hypoxic conditions. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, tumor adhesion, cell invasion ability, and phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3 proteins were measured to assess the influence of kindlin‐2 on the malignant behavior of gastric cancer cells.ResultsKindlin‐2 mRNA expression was highest in the distant metastasis gastric cancer cell line Hs‐746T. Cell proliferation, adhesion with endothelium and collagen IV, invasion rate, and angiogenesis genes expression, as well as phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3 in Hs‐746T, were decreased significantly after kindlin‐2 downregulation, but there was no change in apoptosis and cell cycle.ConclusionsKindlin‐2 might promote the invasion of gastric cancer cells through enhancing proliferation and adhesion by the phosphorylation of integrin β1 and β3. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013; 108:106–112. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.