bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture conditions for equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and expression of key transcription factors during their differentiation into osteoblasts
Authors: Glynn Elizabeth R A , Londono Alfredo Sanchez , Zinn Steven A , Hoagland Thomas A , Govoni Kristen E 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe use of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) is a novel method to improve fracture healing in horses. However, additional research is needed to identify optimal culture conditions and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating BMSC differentiation into osteoblasts. The objectives of the experiments were to determine: 1) if autologous or commercial serum is better for proliferation and differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts, and 2) the expression of key transcription factors during the differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. Equine BMSC were isolated from the sterna of 3 horses, treated with purchased fetal bovine serum (FBS) or autologous horse serum (HS), and cell proliferation determined. To induce osteoblast differentiation, cells were incubated with L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and glycerol-2-phosphate in the presence or absence of human bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP2), dexamethasone (DEX), or combination of the two. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a marker of osteoblast differentiation, was determined by ELISA. Total RNA was isolated from differentiating BMSC between d 0 to 18 to determine expression ofrunt-related transcription factor2(Runx2),osterix(Osx), andT-box3(Tbx3). Data were analyzed by ANOVA.ResultsRelative to control, FBS and HS increased cell number (133 ± 5 and 116 ± 5%, respectively;P < 0.001) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation (167 ± 6 and 120 ± 6%, respectively;P < 0.001). Treatment with DEX increased ALP activity compared with control (1,638 ± 38%;P < 0.001). In the absence and presence of Dex, BMP-2 did not alter ALP activity (P > 0.8).Runt-related transcription factor2expression increased 3-fold (P < 0.001) by d 6 of culture.Osterixexpression increased 9-fold (P < 0.05) by d 18 of culture. Expression ofTbx3increased 1.8-fold at d 3 (P < 0.01); however expression was reduced 4-fold at d 18 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsDexamethasone, but not BMP-2, is required for differentiation of equine BMSC into osteoblasts. In addition, expression ofRunx2andosterixincreased and expression ofTbx3is reduced during differentiation.
Myosin 1E localizes to actin polymerization sites in lamellipodia, affecting actin dynamics and adhesion formation
Authors: Gupta Prabuddha , Gauthier Nils C. , Cheng-Han Yu , Zuanning Yuan , Pontes Bruno , Ohmstede Malte , Martin René , Knölker Hans-Joachim , Döbereiner Hans-Günther , Krendel Mira , Sheetz Michael 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Because the actin network in active lamellipodia is continuously assembling at the edge, moving inward and disassembling, there is a question as to how actin-binding proteins and other components are transported to the leading edge and how nascent adhesions are stabilized. Active transport could play a significant role in these functions but the components involved are unknown. We show here that Myosin 1E (a long tailed Myosin 1 isoform) rapidly moves to the tips of active lamellipodia and to actin-rich early adhesions, unlike Myosin 1G, 1B or 1C (short tailed isoforms). Myosin 1E co-localizes with CARMIL, FHOD1, Arp3 and β3-integrin in those early adhesions. But these structures precede stable paxillin-rich adhesions. Myosin 1E movement depends upon actin-binding domains and the presence of an SH3 oligomerization domain. Overexpression of a Myosin 1E deletion mutant without the extreme C-terminal interacting (SH3) domain (Myosin 1EΔSH3) increases edge fluctuations and decreases stable adhesion lifetimes. In contrast, overexpression of Myosin 1E full tail domain (TH1+TH2+TH3/SH3) decreases edge fluctuation. In Myosin 1E knockdown cells, and more prominently in cells treated with Myosin 1 inhibitor, cell–matrix adhesions are also short-lived and fail to mature. We suggest that, by moving to actin polymerization sites and early adhesion sites in active lamellipodia, Myosin 1E might play important roles in transporting not only important polymerizing proteins but also proteins involved in adhesion stabilization.
Hypospadias and Residential Proximity to Pesticide Applications
Authors: Carmichael Suzan L. , Yang Wei , Roberts Eric M. , Kegley Susan E. , Wolff Craig , Guo Liang , Lammer Edward J. , English Paul , Shaw Gary M. 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND:Experimental evidence suggests pesticides may be associated with hypospadias.OBJECTIVE:Examine the association of hypospadias with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications.METHODS:The study population included male infants born from 1991 to 2004 to mothers residing in 8 California counties. Cases (n = 690) were ascertained by the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program; controls were selected randomly from the birth population (n = 2195). We determined early pregnancy exposure to pesticide applications within a 500-m radius of mother’s residential address, using detailed data on applications and land use. Associations with exposures to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for maternal race or ethnicity and age and infant birth year.RESULTS:Forty-one percent of cases and controls were classified as exposed to 57 chemical groups and 292 chemicals. Despite &gt;500 statistical comparisons, there were few elevated odds ratios with confidence intervals that excluded 1 for chemical groups or specific chemicals. Those that did were for monochlorophenoxy acid or ester herbicides; the insecticides aldicarb, dimethoate, phorate, and petroleum oils; and adjuvant polyoxyethylene sorbitol among all cases; 2,6-dinitroaniline herbicides, the herbicide oxyfluorfen, and the fungicide copper sulfate among mild cases; and chloroacetanilide herbicides, polyalkyloxy compounds used as adjuvants, the insecticides aldicarb and acephate, and the adjuvant nonyl-phenoxy-poly(ethylene oxy)ethanol among moderate and severe cases. Odds ratios ranged from 1.9 to 2.9.CONCLUSIONS:Most pesticides were not associated with elevated hypospadias risk. For the few that were associated, results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in other study populations.
Localization of the cutaneus trunci muscle reflex in horses
Authors: Essig Cynthia M. , Merritt Jonathan S. , Stubbs Narelle C. , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the magnitude and location of skin movement attributable to the cutaneus trunci muscle reflex in response to localized stimulation of the skin of the dorsolateral aspect of the thoracic wall in horses.
Animals—8 horses.
Procedures—A grid of 56 reflective markers was applied to the lateral aspect of the body wall of each horse; markers were placed at 10-cm intervals in 7 rows and 8 columns. A motion analysis system with 10 infrared cameras was used to track movements of the markers in response to tactile stimulation of the dorsolateral aspect of the thoracic wall at the levels of T6, T11, and T16. Marker movement data determined after skin stimulation were used to create a skin deformation gradient tensor field, which was analyzed with custom software.
Results—The sites of maximal skin deformation were located close to the stimulation sites; the centers of the twitch responses were located a mean distance of 7.7 to 12.8 cm ventral and between 6.6 cm cranial and 3.1 cm caudal to the stimulation sites.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings of this study may have implications for assessment of nerve conduction velocities of the cutaneus trunci muscle reflex and may enhance understanding of the responses of horses to placement of tack or other equipment on skin over the cutaneus trunci muscles.
Effects of advanced age on whole-body protein synthesis and skeletal muscle mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in horses
Authors: Wagner Ashley L. , Urschel Kristine L. , Betancourt Alejandra , Adams Amanda A. , Horohov David W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of advanced age on whole-body protein synthesis and activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in skeletal muscle of horses.
Animals—Six 22- to 26-year-old (aged) and six 7- to 14-year-old (mature) horses.
Procedures—Whole-body protein synthesis was measured with a 2-hour primed constant infusion of 13C sodium bicarbonate, followed by a 4-hour primed constant infusion of 1-13C phenylalanine. After the infusions, a biopsy specimen was obtained from a gluteus medius muscle and activation of protein kinase B (Akt), p70 riboprotein S6 kinase (S6K1), riboprotein S6 (rpS6), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1) was determined with western immunoblot analysis. For all horses, inflammatory cytokine expression in muscle and blood samples was measured with quantitative real-time PCR analysis.
Results—Advanced age had no effect on whole-body protein synthesis or the phosphorylation of Akt, rpS6, and 4EBP1; however, muscle specimens of aged horses had 42% lower phosphorylation of S6K1 than did those of mature horses. Aged and mature horses had similar inflammatory cytokine expression in muscle and blood samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The lower S6K1 activation for aged horses, compared with that for mature horses, could be indicative of low rates of muscle protein synthesis in aged horses. However, advanced age had no effect on any other indicators of whole-body or muscle protein synthesis or on measures of systemic or muscle inflammation, which suggested that protein metabolism and subsequently requirements may not differ between healthy mature and aged horses.
Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and hemodynamic effects of trazodone after intravenous and oral administration of a single dose to dogs
Authors: Jay Ariane R. , Krotscheck Ursula , Parsley Elizabeth , Benson Lisa , Kravitz Ariel , Mulligan Abby , Silva Jharon , Mohammed Hussni , Schwark Wayne S. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects of trazodone after IV and oral administration in dogs and bioavailability after oral administration.
Animals—6 adult Beagles.
Procedures—Dogs received trazodone HCl (8 mg/kg) orally and IV in a randomized controlled crossover design. Blood samples were collected at various times after administration. Heart rates and indirectly measured blood pressures of dogs and plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of trazodone were determined.
Results—Following IV administration, the mean ± SD elimination half-life, apparent volume of distribution, and plasma total body clearance were 169 ± 53 minutes, 2.53 ± 0.47 L/kg, and 11.15 ± 3.56 mL/min/kg, respectively. Following oral administration, the mean ± SD elimination half-life and absolute bioavailability were 166 ± 47 minutes and 84.6 ± 13.2%, respectively. Maximum plasma concentration following oral administration was 1.3 ± 0.5 μ/mL, and time to maximum plasma concentration was 445 ± 271 minutes. After IV administration, all dogs immediately developed transient tachycardia (184.3 ± 8.0 beats/min), and 3 of 6 dogs developed aggression. Increase in heart rate was significantly associated with increase in plasma drug concentration following IV administration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study indicated oral administration of trazodone resulted in acceptable absolute bioavailability, with substantial variability in time to maximum plasma concentration. Individualized approaches in dosing intervals may be necessary for dogs receiving oral trazodone. An orally administered dose of 8 mg/kg was well tolerated in dogs; IV administration of a dose of 8 mg/kg caused substantial adverse effects, including tachycardia and behavior disinhibition.
Left-right noncommutative Poisson algebras
Authors: Casas José , Datuashvili Tamar , Ladra Manuel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe notions of left-right noncommutative Poisson algebra (NPlr-algebra) and left-right algebra with bracket AWBlr are introduced. These algebras are special cases of NLP-algebras and algebras with bracket AWB, respectively, studied earlier. An NPlr-algebra is a noncommutative analogue of the classical Poisson algebra. Properties of these new algebras are studied. In the categories AWBlr and NPlr-algebras the notions of actions, representations, centers, actors and crossed modules are described as special cases of the corresponding wellknown notions in categories of groups with operations. The cohomologies of NPlr-algebras and AWBlr (resp. of NPr-algebras and AWBr) are defined and the relations between them and the Hochschild, Quillen and Leibniz cohomologies are detected. The cases P is a free AWBr, the Hochschild or/and Leibniz cohomological dimension of P is ≤ n are considered separately, exhibiting interesting possibilities of representations of the new cohomologies by the well-known ones and relations between the corresponding cohomological dimensions.
Les souffrances de la femme-quota
Authors: Monney Vanessa , Fillieule Olivier , Avanza Martina 
Published: October 2013

Cet article part d’un constat plutôt rare : en quelques années, le plus important des syndicats suisse – Unia – est parvenu à atteindre un degré élevé de féminisation de ses instances et de son personnel politique, alors même que 80 % de ses adhérent-e-s sont des hommes. Nous montrons d’abord, à partir de données objectives, comment une politique volontariste de quotas, adossée à la nécessité de développer le secteur féminisé du tertiaire, se combine avec la professionnalisation du métier de syndicaliste pour rendre compte de ce succès. En changeant d’échelle, nous montrons ensuite, en nous appuyant sur des entretiens biographiques réalisés auprès de secrétaires syndicaux-ales, que la féminisation à marche forcée du syndicat génère également des effets pervers : fort turn-over du personnel féminin, burn out , stigmatisation de la « femme-quota », sexisme, difficile conciliation entre vie privée et vie professionnelle marquent en effet les carrières féminines à Unia. Nous soulignons alors les limites d’une politique volontariste de féminisation quand celle-ci ne s’accompagne pas d’un changement profond dans la culture organisationnelle du syndicat qui reste, aujourd’hui, profondément androcentrée.
Une campagne de syndicalisation au féminin
Authors: Béroud Sophie 
Published: October 2013

Cet article retrace une expérience de syndicalisation, menée à l’échelle d’un département et avec des moyens très limités dans l’aide à domicile. L’initiative est prise par des militantes de la cgt qui se rendent disponibles pour contourner les difficultés structurelles que présente ce secteur hautement féminisé : éclatement des horaires, quasi-inexistence des collectifs de travail, faible valorisation des qualifications, relations ambiguës à un employeur associatif. En organisant des réunions hors des lieux de travail, ces militantes renouent avec des pratiques du début du mouvement syndical et suivent les implantations, pas à pas. Les modalités d’action qu’elles privilégient, très peu hiérarchisées, centrées sur la création d’espaces de discussion sur le travail en lui-même, favorisent la participation de ces salariées situées au bas de l’échelle sociale. Mais l’expérience ainsi menée n’est possible que parce qu’elle se situe, d’une certaine manière, aux marges des structures syndicales, reflétant ainsi une division sexuée du travail militant.
Un plafond de verre plus bas dans la fonction publique ?
Authors: Alber Alex 
Published: October 2013

En utilisant l’enquête coi 2006, qui fournit des données quantitatives comparatives entre secteurs public et privé, l’article étudie la place des femmes dans les fonctions d’encadrement au sein des deux secteurs, en distinguant d’une part l’encadrement comme statut : être cadre (ou cadre A dans le secteur public) et d’autre part comme responsabilité : avoir des subordonnés. L’article montre que le secteur public a un encadrement notablement plus féminisé que le secteur privé et que les femmes cadres y jouent plus fréquemment un rôle d’encadrement, avec des équipes en moyenne plus nombreuses. Pourtant, à l’issue de traitements toutes choses égales par ailleurs, ces résultats sont fortement nuancés : il apparaît que si l’accès au statut cadre est aussi difficile pour les femmes des deux secteurs, les femmes du secteur public sont particulièrement désavantagées lorsqu’il s’agit d’accéder à l’exercice de responsabilités hiérarchiques, étant plus orientées vers des fonctions de cadre expert que de manager. Or, dans un contexte de valorisation croissante des fonctions managériales au sein de la fonction publique, cette difficulté accrue à encadrer pour les femmes est sans doute l’un des éléments explicatifs de la permanence du « plafond de verre » auquel se heurtent les femmes cadres du secteur public.
Division conjugale du travail et légitimité professionnelle
Authors: Giraud Christophe , Rémy Jacques 
Published: October 2013

L’article porte sur l’émergence de nouvelles activités marchandes en agriculture au croisement des identités professionnelles et de la division sexuelle du travail au sein des couples. Nous mettons en évidence l’existence de deux types de diversification : la première « en discontinuité » avec les activités centrales de l’agriculture (vente directe, transformation, accueil touristique) concerne principalement les agricultrices ; la seconde « en continuité » avec le cœur du métier agricole (travaux agricoles à façon, activités agri-environnementales) concerne surtout le chef d’exploitation. La conception du métier d’agriculteur, demeure centrée sur les tâches techniques culturales ou d’élevage et la division sexuelle du travail affecte les hommes au monde professionnel et en détourne les femmes. Les chefs d’exploitation laissent ainsi à leurs conjointes la possibilité de construire et de maîtriser de façon autonome ces espaces professionnels nouveaux, considérés comme accessoires par rapport aux activités plus étroitement agricoles.
Practical Experience Gained Operating a Compact Ultradeepwater Drill Ship
Authors: Roodenburg David , Wijning Dieter , Roodenburg Joop 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper describes the practical experiences gained during the first year of operation of a new Panamax-size ultra deepwater drill ship. The vessel started operations in the Gulf of Mexico in July 2012. The practical experience is offset against the vessel's design expectations: improved safety, an increased drilling efficiency and reduced operational costs.
The drill ship is of an integrated design covering vessel, drill tower and equipment handling. The drill ship offers an equal payload compared to other ultra deepwater drill ships but at half the displacement. This paper details the effects of the highly automated onboard material and equipment handling on the vessel's drilling efficiency and on the operational cost.
The material and equipment handling is designed around the box girder drill tower that has no V-door limitation and features a drilling side and a construction side, thus minimising flat time. Stands built on one side of the tower can be stored in two set back drums, one on each side of the tower, and taken out when needed. Four pipe handlers are available for handling purposes.
This paper covers the field experience with all features of the drill tower that are designed to save time and/or increase efficiency and/or enhance onboard safety. These include the drill tower's dual drawworks eliminating slip-cut procedures, the passive and active heave compensation on the drawworks, and the splittable blocks. The latter allow increasing the block speed for lighter loads.

Introduction
The tendency in rig building has been an evolutionary trajectory to larger and larger units - currently up to approximately 100,000mt displacement - to enable operations at remote locations, in extreme water depths and under difficult drilling conditions. The building costs and thus the day rates of these units are high. Given their size, the fuel consumption and associated costs and emissions can be significant compared to smaller units. Furthermore, their large sizes limit their field of operation as they are not able to pass certain canals or bridges.
In 2007 Huisman started to design a revolutionary unit. The design objectives were to create a compact drill ship capable of drilling complex wells in ultradeepwater. Huisman utilized its integrated design approach: a team of engineers with various disciplines such as Mechanical Engineering, Naval Architecture, Electrical Engineering etc. worked simultaneously together with clients, Noble Drilling and Royal Dutch Shell, who delivered valuable operational input. After approximately 10 months of engineering and various discussion sessions with the clients, Huisman presented the HuisDrill 12000 design.
The Impact of Local Content Requirements and Project Delay on Deepwater Investment Analysis
Authors: Viegas Thales 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper addresses the economic impact of delays in oil project schedule and local content requirements. It also presents the main features of the Brazilian Local Content Policy, evolving its legal fundaments, the main process and its consequences on the offshore projects investments. In addition it presents the local content definition processes, as well some aspects of the measurement methodology and the certification requirement. Some findings show that the certification process is complex and costly for local suppliers. At the end, a cash flow model is used to evaluate impacts on economics of offshore projects from changing in local content levels and project startup time.

Introduction
Potential investors in oil industry or supply chain industry look for understand risks and opportunities before investing. The Brazilian Local Content Policy for Oil and Gas Industry is an active industrial policy which involves a market reserve. It can add risks to Brazilian business environment, but, there are many investments opportunities in the country, which can compensate these risks. In Brazil, the demand of goods and services trend to keep increasing while the Local Content Policy is getting more important over the time. So, operators and suppliers should be able to deal with the costs and benefits of this policy, clearly focused in internal economic development, beyond the oil and gas industry investment optimization. In that context, this paper addresses the main legal fundaments of the Brazilian Local Content Policy, its main process and some of its consequences for offshore projects investments.