bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial patterns of drought persistence in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Ford Trenton , Labosier Christopher F. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTShort‐term drought forecasting can be aided with an understanding of the likelihood of dry periods persisting from one season to the next. This research examines drought persistence in the Southeastern United States by identifying spatial patterns of seasonal drought frequency and persistence, using logistic regression to calculate the odds and probability of drought persisting from one season to the next, and examining the effects of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drought persistence in the Southeast. The 3‐month climate division‐scale Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) data from 1895 to 2011 is used to examine meteorological drought. Logistic regression is well‐suited to examining a binary independent variable (drought or no drought) and also circumvents many of the assumptions that limit linear regression. Results show generally weak seasonal drought persistence throughout the region. However, we do find that some areas in the Southeast United States, like North‐Central Alabama are more prone to drought and drought persistence than others. Logistic regression model outcome shows that the probability of spring drought varies as a strong function of winter SPI in the central Southeast United States region. While areas in the western portion of the study region, including Texas and Oklahoma are more prone to summer‐to‐fall drought persistence, as the probability of fall drought is strongly related to summer SPI. Overall we conclude that seasonal drought forecasts are difficult in the Southeast United States because of infrequent drought persistence. However, the logistic regression model does provide an accurate method for probabilistic seasonal drought forecasts in the region.
Recent spatiotemporal temperature and rainfall variability and trends over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Daniel , Bewket Woldeamlak , Lal Rattan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study analyses the spatial and temporal variability and trends of rainfall, mean maximum and minimum temperatures at seasonal and annual timescales over the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia. Statistical and geostatistical techniques were applied to 1634 points on 10 × 10 km gridded data reconstructed from weather stations and meteorological satellite records. The data were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency of Ethiopia and cover the period between 1981 and 2010. Trends were evaluated from slopes of regression lines using the least squares method. The F‐distribution test was used to determine the statistical significance of the trends. Minimum temperatures significantly increased in northern, central, southern and southeastern parts of the Basin in all seasons. At the annual scale, maximum and minimum temperatures significantly increased in over 33% of the Basin at a rate of 0.1 and 0.15 °C per decade, respectively; however, the western part (12%) of the Basin experienced declining trends on annual and seasonal timescales. The minimum temperatures increased at a higher rate than the maximum temperatures during winter, summer, autumn and also at the annual timescale. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 °C and 26.43 to 26.91 °C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. Rainfall showed statistically non‐significant increasing trends of 35 mm per decade at the annual timescale. All seasons except spring season exhibited similar statistically non‐significant trends. The spring season, however, showed a statistically non‐significant declining trend in the north eastern (11%) part of the Basin.
Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis, rhizosphere respiration, and fine‐root characteristics of beech saplings: A rhizotron field study
Authors: Zang Ulrich , Goisser Michael , Häberle Karl‐Heinz , Matyssek Rainer , Matzner Egbert , Borken Werner 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSoil drought influences the C turnover as well as the fine‐root system of tree saplings. Particularly during the period of establishment, the susceptibility to drought stress of saplings is increased because of incompletely developed root systems and reduced access to soil water. Here, we subjected beech saplings (Fagus sylvatica L.) to different levels of drought stress.Beech saplings were planted in rhizotrons, which were installed in the soil of a Norway spruce forest before bud burst. Soil moisture was manipulated in the following year during May to September. We measured photosynthetic net CO2 uptake, volume production of fine roots, and rhizosphere respiration during the growing season. Biometric parameters of the fine‐root system, biomass, and nonstructural carbohydrates were analyzed upon harvest in October.Photosynthesis and rhizosphere respiration decreased with increasing drought‐stress dose (cumulated soil water potential), and cumulative rhizosphere respiration was significantly negatively correlated with drought‐stress dose. Fine‐root length and volume production were highest at moderate soil drought, but decreased at severe soil drought. The proportion of fine‐roots diameter < 0.2 mm and the root‐to‐shoot ratio increased whereas the live‐to‐dead ratio of fine roots decreased with increasing drought‐stress dose.We conclude that the belowground C allocation as well as the relative water‐uptake efficiency of beech saplings is increased under drought.
Comparison of postmortem proteolysis between Pekin and Muscovy duck breast muscles
Authors: Liao Chien‐Chang , Chou Rong‐Ghi R 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuck muscle is a popular source of red meat in Asia. However, information regarding the postmortem proteolysis of skeletal muscle between duck species is very limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the postmortem calpain and desmin degradations between Pekin (PD) and Muscovy (MD) duck breast muscles stored at 5°C.RESULTSThe pH and μ/m‐calpain activity were not different (P > 0.05) between PD and MD postmortem muscles. However, μ‐calpain activity and desmin content decreased more rapidly (P < 0.05) in PD than in MD samples.CONCLUSIONTherefore, our results suggest that the postmortem proteolysis is more rapid and extensive in breast muscle from PD compared to MD. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
An immunochromatographic assay for rapid and direct detection of 3‐amino‐5‐morpholino‐2‐oxazolidone (AMOZ) in meat and feed samples
Authors: Li Shuqun , Song Juan , Yang Hong , Cao Biyun , Chang Huafang , Deng Anping 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFuraltadone (FTD) is a type of nitrofuran and has been banned in many countries as a veterinary drug in food‐producing animals owing to its potential carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. FTD is unstable in vivo, rapidly metabolizing to 3‐amino‐5‐methylmorpholino‐2‐oxazolidinone (AMOZ); thus AMOZ can be used as an indicator for illegal usage of FTD. Usually, for the determination of nitrofurans, the analyte is often a derivative of the metabolite rather than the metabolite itself. In this study, based on the monoclonal antibody (mAb) against AMOZ, a competitive immunochromatographic assay (ICA) using a colloidal gold–mAb probe for rapid and direct detection of AMOZ without a derivatization step in meat and feed samples was developed.RESULTSThe intensity of red color in the test line is inversely related to the analyte concentration and the visual detection limit was found to be 10 ng mL−1. The performance of this assay was simple and convenient because the tedious and time‐consuming derivatization step was avoided. The ICA detection was completed within 10 min. The ICA strips could be used for 7 weeks at room temperature without significant loss of activity. The AMOZ spiked samples were detected by ICA and confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The results of the two methods were in good agreement.CONCLUSIONThe proposed ICA provides a feasible tool for simple, sensitive, rapid, convenient and semi‐quantitative detection of AMOZ in meat and feed samples on site. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the ICA for direct detection of AMOZ. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Berry antioxidants: small fruits providing large benefits
Authors: Manganaris George A , Goulas Vlasios , Vicente Ariel R , Terry Leon A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSmall berry fruits are consumed because of their attractive colour and special taste, and are considered one of the richest sources of natural antioxidants. Their consumption has been linked to the prevention of some chronic and degenerative diseases. The term ‘berry fruits’ encompasses the so‐called ‘soft fruits’, primarily strawberry, currants, gooseberry, blackberry, raspberry, blueberry and cranberry. The objective of this review is to highlight the nutraceutical value of berries and to summarize the factors affecting berry fruit antioxidants. Particular attention is given to postharvest and processing operation factors that may affect fruit phytochemical content. The structure–antioxidant relationships for phenolic compounds – the main group of antioxidants in this fruit group – are presented and major areas for future research are identified. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Monitoring of nitrites and nitrates levels in leafy vegetables (spinach and lettuce): a contribution to risk assessment
Authors: Iammarino Marco , Di Taranto Aurelia , Cristino Marianna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrites and nitrates are compounds considered harmful to humans and the major part of the daily intake of nitrates in foodstuffs is related to vegetable consumption. In this work, 150 leafy vegetables samples (75 spinach and 75 lettuce) were analysed in order to assess the levels of nitrites and nitrates. The analyses were carried out by a validated ion chromatography method and the samples with nitrate concentrations higher than legal limits and/or with quantifiable concentrations of nitrites were confirmed by an alternative ion chromatography method.RESULTSNitrate levels higher than legal limits were detected both in spinach (four samples) and in lettuce (five samples). Nitrite residues were registered both at low concentrations – lower than 28.5 mg kg−1 (12 spinach samples) – and at high concentrations, up to 197.5 mg kg−1 (three spinach and one lettuce sample).CONCLUSIONConsidering the non‐negligible percentage of ‘not‐compliant’ samples for nitrates (6.0%), control is needed. Moreover, it is possible to suggest the introduction in the Communities Regulations of a ‘maximum admissible level’ for nitrites in leafy vegetables. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Scutellaria polysaccharide inhibits the infectivity of Newcastle disease virus to chicken embryo fibroblast
Authors: Xiaona Zhao , Jianzhu Liu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo select the antiviral active site of Scutellaria polysaccharide (SPS), safe concentrations of crude total Scutellaria polysaccharide (SPSt) and fractional polysaccharide SPS50, SPS60, SPS70 and SPS80 on chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) were first compared using the MTT method. Then, SPSt, SPS50, SPS60, SPS70, and SPS80 at five concentrations within the safe concentration, together with Newcastle disease virus (NDV), were added to the cultivating system of CEF in three models: pre‐addition of polysaccharide, post‐addition of polysaccharide, and simultaneous addition of polysaccharides and NDV after mixing. The effects of SPS on the cellular infectivity of NDV (A570 value and the highest viral inhibitory rate) were compared using the MTT method.RESULTSAt appropriate concentrations, the five polysaccharides could significantly inhibit the infectivity of NDV on CEF. Among the five polysaccharide groups, the SPS80 group exhibited the highest viral inhibitory rate in the three sample‐addition modes.CONCLUSIONThis finding indicates that SPS80 possesses the best efficacy as a component of antiviral polysaccharide drug. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Which is the best grape seed additive for frankfurters: extract, oil or flour?
Authors: Özvural Emin Burçin , Vural Halil 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape seed products (winery by‐products) are valuable vegetable sources to enhance the quality of meat products. In this study, 21 treatments of frankfurters, in three different groups, including 0%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% grape seed extract (GSE), 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% grape seed oil (GSO), and 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% grape seed flour (GSF) were produced in order to compare the differences among them during refrigerated storage for 90 days.RESULTSIncreasing the level of GSO made the frankfurters lighter in color (P < 0.05). Lipid oxidation of all the 21 frankfurters were under the limit of deterioration (2.0 mg malonaldehite kg−1 treatment) during 90 days' storage. However, increasing the amount of additives (GSE, GSO and GSF) led to a decrease in overall acceptability for each group. According to the general comparison of the three frankfurter groups in terms of lipid oxidation, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values of the frankfurters including GSE and GSF were found to be similar, but the frankfurters containing GSO exhibited the highest lipid oxidation (P < 0.05). While the products including GSE were the most acceptable group in terms of overall acceptability, the group produced with GSF received the lowest points (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONAlthough the three grape seed products have partially undesirable effects on the sensory characteristics of the frankfurters, all these additives showed different positive influences in the production of frankfurters. The results showed that the group of frankfurters including GSE was the best of three different groups of products due to the lipid oxidation and overall acceptability results. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Advances in membrane emulsification. Part A: recent developments in processing aspects and microstructural design approaches
Authors: Spyropoulos Fotis , Lloyd David M. , Hancocks Robin D , Pawlik Aleksandra K 
Published: October 2013

AbstractModern emulsion processing technology is strongly influenced by the market demands for products that are microstructure‐driven and possess precisely controlled properties. Novel cost‐effective processing techniques, such as membrane emulsification, have been explored and customised in the search for better control over the microstructure, and subsequently the quality of the final product. Part A of this review reports on the state of the art in membrane emulsification techniques, focusing on novel membrane materials and proof of concept experimental set‐ups. Engineering advantages and limitations of a range of membrane techniques are critically discussed and linked to a variety of simple and complex structures (e.g. foams, particulates, liposomes etc.) produced specifically using those techniques. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Thyroid metastasectomy
Authors: Montero Pablo H. , Ibrahimpasic Tihana , Nixon Iain J. , Shaha Ashok R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMetastases to the thyroid gland are uncommon. Renal, lung, breast, and colon cancer and melanoma are the most common primary diseases implicated. Few retrospective series have been reported. Treatment decisions must be individualized, and will depend on the state of systemic disease. Selected patients could benefit from surgical treatment. Although most patients selected for surgery will not be cured, the aim of surgery is to avoid the complications of uncontrolled central neck disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:36–41. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimizing blood loss during hepatectomy: A literature review
Authors: Huntington Justin T. , Royall Nelson A. , Schmidt Carl R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThere are numerous techniques surgeons employ to reduce blood loss during partial hepatectomy. In this literature review, prospective studies from the last 20 years are examined to determine the techniques that are best supported by the literature. Some of the techniques include vascular control, multiple parenchymal transection techniques, various hemostatic agents, low central venous pressure, and hemodilution. The strategies supported most convincingly by the literature include low CVP and total hepatic inflow occlusion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:81–88. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HER2 in resected gastric cancer: Is there prognostic value?
Authors: Fisher Sarah B. , Fisher Kevin E. , Squires Malcolm H. , Patel Sameer H. , Kooby David A. , El‐Rayes Bassel F. , Cardona Kenneth , Russell Maria C. , Staley Charles A. , Farris Alton B. , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe role of HER2 in patients with early stage/resected gastric cancer is controversial. This study investigates the prevalence and prognostic value of HER2 in patients undergoing curative intent resection for gastric adenocarcinoma.MethodsHER2 status was evaluated in 111 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma treated surgically between 1/00 and 6/11 with tissue available for analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER2 was graded by two blinded pathologists. IHC was scored as 0+/1+: negative, 2+: equivocal, and 3+: positive. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for HER2 was performed on equivocal (2+) samples, and in cases of pathologist disagreement.ResultsHER2 expression as measured by IHC was negative in 61 (55%), equivocal in 37 (33.3%), and positive in 13 (11.7%) cases. FISH was positive in 8 of 37 samples tested, for a total of 21 HER2‐positive cases (18.9%, 95% CI 11.6–26.2%). Patients with HER2‐positive tumors were less likely to have signet ring cell features (23.8% vs. 53.9%, P = 0.008). HER2 status was not associated with tumor size, location, perineural or lymphovascular invasion, margin status, nodal metastasis, or stage (P > 0.05). HER2 status was not associated with OS (P = 0.385).ConclusionsHER2 amplification/over‐expression is present in patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma, but is not associated with the presence of adverse prognostic factors. Our results suggest HER2 is not prognostic for patients with resected gastric adenocarcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:61–66. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of recurrent rectal cancer: Practical insights in planning and surgical intervention
Authors: Yeo Heather L. , Paty Philip B. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOver the last two decades the oncologic treatment results for primary rectal cancer have improved due to refinements in neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Nevertheless, there is still a 10% rate of local recurrence, threatening the survival and quality of life of affected patients. Due to variability of anatomy and clinical presentation, detection, staging, and clinical management are complex. Without treatment, patients will suffer from progressive local symptoms—pain, obstruction, hemorrhage, sepsis—and rarely survive beyond five years. The overall goals of surgical treatment—complete tumor resection, preservation of function, and avoidance of complications—are identical to those of surgery for primary rectal cancer, but are unfortunately much more difficult to achieve in the setting of recurrence. Tumor resection is highly challenging, as the surgical field has generally been anatomically disrupted and irradiated, and the tumors are typically adherent or invasive into organs in the middle and low pelvis. Standard total mesorectal excision (TME) resections are rarely sufficient, and therefore techniques to achieve extended multivisceral resections are required. While aggressive resections offer the best opportunity for local control, palliation, and cure, they also carry a high risk of complications and long‐term morbidity. The aim of this review is to provide an updated look at surgical resection for recurrent rectal cancer, its indications, preoperative considerations, operative technique, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and long‐term outcomes and sequelae. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:47–52. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular factors associated with recurrence and survival following hepatectomy in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A guide to adjuvant clinical trials
Authors: Schiffman Suzanne C. , Nowacki Michael R. , Spencer Lena , McMasters Kelly M. , Scoggins Charles R. , Martin Robert C.G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThis study sought to determine clinical and molecular factors related to recurrence and survival in patients with ICC following hepatectomy.MethodsDatabase review identified 34 patients. Molecular markers (Ki67, p53, beta‐catenin) and standard pathological evaluations were performed.ResultsThe most common resections were right (n = 11), extended right (n = 8), and left hepatectomy (n = 7). The 30‐ and 90 ‐day mortality rates were 5.9% and 11.8%. The median tumor size was 7.8 cm. Nine patients (26.5%) had positive lymph nodes and ten patients (29.4%) received adjuvant therapy. Median follow up was 33.5 months. The median disease‐free interval was 6 months. The median overall survival was 37.9 months. Univariate predictors of recurrence were tumor size (P = 0.02) and differentiation (P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, differentiation (P = 0.03; OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17–0.89) remained significant. Univariate predictors of survival were tumor size (P = 0.02), lymphovascular invasion (P = 0.02), satellite nodules (P = 0.006), beta‐catenin expression (P = 0.008), and recurrence (P = 0.026). On multivariate analyses, satellite lesions (P = 0.05, OR = 3.15, 95% CI: 0.96–10.4) and beta‐catenin (P = 0.04, OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.1–9.7) remained significant and differentiation (P = 0.045; OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.18–0.98) was an additional predictor.ConclusionFuture clinical trials could include certain molecular and pathologic factors to assist in determining the necessity and type of adjuvant therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:98–103. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tobacco dependence treatment: Influence of training experiences on clinical activities among otolaryngologists
Authors: Sutton Monica J. , Payne Thomas J. , Gaughf Natalie W. , Crews Karen M. , Elci Okan U. , Peck Shannon B. , Schweinfurth John 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough one in five U.S. adults continue to smoke, healthcare providers often fail to provide basic, effective interventions. This is particularly true for physician specialists. This study sought to investigate perceived role, self‐efficacy, practice behaviors, and attitudes among otolaryngologists as they relate to the delivery of tobacco treatment services.Study DesignThis study involved a single administration of a survey questionnaire to current members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (AAO‐HNS).MethodsA questionnaire was mailed up to three times to active members.ResultsSurvey response rate was 39% (N = 2127). Based on an evaluation of treatment factors categorized according to the National Cancer Institute's 5A's approach, trained providers generally rated themselves consistently higher than untrained providers across areas of clinical activity. Minimal differences were noted for Ask and Advise, moderate for Assess, and the greatest for Assist and Arrange. Trained providers also indicated more positive attitudes towards treatment.ConclusionsWhile the level of performance was reasonable for otolaryngologists relative to other specialists in the published literature, overall tobacco treatment activity remains unacceptably low. This study suggests the positive impact of training and the potential value of making such experiences widely available. Laryngoscope, 123:3005–3009, 2013