bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Mycology Today: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Little Jessica , Rauseo Adriana M , Zuniga-Moya Julio C , Spec Andrej , Pappas Peter , Perfect John , McCarthy Todd , Schwartz Ilan S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium is a collective of clinicians, researchers, and educators with the common goal to advance awareness, diagnosis, and management of invasive fungal diseases. Clinical Mycology Today, the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium's biennial meeting, is dedicated to discussing the most pressing contemporary issues facing the field of clinical mycology, promoting clinical, translational, and basic science collaborations, and mentoring the next generation of clinical mycologists. Here, we review the current opportunities and challenges facing the field of mycology that arose from discussions at the 2022 meeting, with emphasis on novel host risk factors, emerging resistant fungal pathogens, the evolving antifungal pipeline, and critical issues affecting the advancement of mycology research.
Diversity of Bacillaceae on Rice Grown in Acid Sulfate Soils in Vietnam: Taxonomy, Specialized Metabolites, and Inhibitory Effects on Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Lam Van Bach , Ibrahim Heba M. M. , Oni Feyisara Eyiwumi , Argüelles-Arias Anthony , Marahatta Bishnu , Zhou Lu , Ferrarini Enrico , De Coninck Barbara , Cottyn Bart , Ongena Marc , Höfte Monica 
Published: June 2024

Acid sulfate soils pose significant challenges to rice production due to their negative impact on root development and nutrient uptake, reducing rice yield and quality. The excessive use of fungicides by farmers to control rice diseases has exacerbated the issue, as it contributes to environmental pollution and poses health risks. Our study aimed to isolate indigenous bacteria from rice grown in acid sulfate soils with potential biocontrol activity against common fungal pathogens in Vietnam. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, a total of 91 bacterial strains were identified up to the genus level. Bacillaceae were predominant on healthy rice plants, whereas Pseudomonas spp. also occurred on plants infested with the rice blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae. Genome sequencing, protein orthology, and multilocus sequence analyses revealed the presence of six taxonomic groups of Bacillaceae: Rossellomorea marisflavi (basionym: Bacillus marisflavi), Priestia megaterium (basionym: Bacillus megaterium), Priestia koreensis (basionym: Bacillus koreensis), Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus altitudinis, and Bacillus siamensis. Dual-culture assays showed that most strains had antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani AG2-1, and Bipolaris oryzae, whereas only B. siamensis and two B. thuringiensis strains were active against Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. R. marisflavi strains were in general inactive. Genome mining identified various biosynthetic gene clusters associated with specialized metabolite production, some of which were linked to potential antimicrobial activity. Production of these metabolites was confirmed by chemical analysis. These results suggest that indigenous Bacillaceae strains from acid sulfate soils could be used as biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of rice diseases under acidic conditions.
The diverse roles of sphingolipids in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Doll Chelsea L. , Snider Ashley J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased over the last 20 years. A variety of causes, both physiological and environmental, contribute to the initiation and progression of IBD, making disease management challenging. Current treatment options target various aspects of the immune response to dampen intestinal inflammation; however, their effectiveness at retaining remission, their side effects, and loss of response from patients over time warrant further investigation. Finding a common thread within the multitude causes of IBD is critical in developing robust treatment options. Sphingolipids are evolutionary conserved bioactive lipids universally generated in all cell types. This diverse lipid family is involved in a variety of fundamental, yet sometimes opposing, processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. Implicated as regulators in intestinal diseases, sphingolipids are a potential cornerstone in understanding IBD. Herein we will describe the role of host‐ and microbial‐derived sphingolipids as they relate to the many factors of intestinal health and IBD.
Hip Surgery is Not More Painful Than Spine Surgery in Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Padilla Abigail N. , Andras Lindsay M. , Heffernan Michael J. , Wren Tishya A.L. , Tyau Noah G. , Kim Eugene , Kay Robert M. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) and hip reconstruction are commonly indicated surgeries in children with cerebral palsy (CP), particularly those functioning at GMFCS levels IV and V. These are large and often painful procedures, and previous literature suggests that hip surgery is more painful than spine surgery in this patient population. The purpose of this study is to investigate pain scores and opioid use following hip and spine surgery in a large cohort of children with CP, including many patients who have undergone both types of surgery.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify children with CP who underwent hip reconstruction and/or PSF at a tertiary children’s hospital between 2004 and 2022. Charts were reviewed for demographic data, pain scores, pain medication usage, duration of hospital stay, and complications.

Results:
Data were collected for 200 patients (101 male, 99 female) who met inclusion criteria. Eighty-seven patients underwent hip reconstruction, 62 spinal fusion, and 51 both hip and spine surgery asynchronously. Median (interquartile range) age at the time of surgery was significantly older for spinal fusion compared with hip surgery [13.1 (4.9) vs. 8.1 (5.7) y, P<0.0001]. Length of stay was significantly longer after PSF, with a median of 6 (4) days compared with 2 (1) days after hip surgery (P<0.0001). Both maximum and average daily pain scores were similar following hip and spine surgery, with the exception that average pain scores for hip surgery were slightly higher on postoperative day 1, hip=1.73 vs. spine=1.0 (P<0.0001). The amount of opioids used, expressed as morphine milligram equivalents (MME)/kg were similar in the hip and spine surgery groups; however, it was significantly lower in the hip surgery group on postoperative day 0, hip=0.06 versus spine=0.17 (P<0.0001). For the 51 patients who underwent both hip and spine surgery, the amount of opioids used mirrored that for the entire group (similar MME/kg, though only statistically significantly less on POD 0 and 3), and pain scores were not significantly different between the 2 groups except in 2 circumstances. The 2 exceptions in these 51 patients both demonstrated lower pain scores in patients after hip surgery, including lower maximum pain scores on POD 1 (P=0.041), and lower average pain scores on POD3 (P=0.043).

Conclusions:
This is the largest series to date comparing postoperative pain in children with CP after hip and spine surgery, including 51 of 200 patients who underwent both types of surgery. The results of this study demonstrate that hip surgery is not more painful than spine surgery in children with CP, and conflict with the traditional belief that hip surgery is more painful. This is important information for health care providers when counseling patients and families regarding these surgeries in children with CP.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.
Can Artificial Intelligence Chatbots Improve Mental Health?
Authors: Gallegos Cara , Kausler Ryoko , Alderden Jenny , Davis Megan , Wang Liya 
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Mental health disorders, including anxiety and depression, are the leading causes of global health-related burden and have increased dramatically since the 1990s. Delivering mental healthcare using artificial intelligence chatbots may be one option for closing the gaps in mental healthcare access. The overall aim of this scoping review was to describe the use, efficacy, and advantages/disadvantages of using an artificial intelligence chatbot for mental healthcare (stress, anxiety, depression).
Methods: PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were searched. When possible, Medical Subject Headings terms were searched in combination with keywords. Two independent reviewers reviewed a total of 5768 abstracts.
Results: Fifty-four articles were chosen for further review, with 10 articles included in the final analysis. Regarding quality assessment, the overall quality of the evidence was lower than expected. Overall, most studies showed positive trends in improving anxiety, stress, and depression.
Discussion: Overall, using an artificial intelligence chatbot for mental health has some promising effects. However, many studies were done using rudimentary versions of artificial intelligence chatbots. In addition, lack of guardrails and privacy issues were identified. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of artificial intelligence chatbots and to describe undesirable effects.
Enhancing antimicrobial resistance detection with MetaGeneMiner: Targeted gene extraction from metagenomes
Authors: Liu Chang , Tang Zizhen , Li Linzhu , Kang Yan , Teng Yue , Yu Yan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Accurately and efficiently extracting microbial genomic sequences from complex metagenomic data is crucial for advancing our understanding in fields such as clinical diagnostics, environmental microbiology, and biodiversity. As sequencing technologies evolve, this task becomes increasingly challenging due to the intricate nature of microbial communities and the vast amount of data generated. Especially in intensive care units (ICUs), infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly prevalent among critically ill patients, significantly impacting the effectiveness of treatments and patient prognoses. Therefore, obtaining timely and accurate information about infectious pathogens is of paramount importance for the treatment of patients with severe infections, which enables precisely targeted anti-infection therapies, and a tool that can extract microbial genomic sequences from metagenomic dataset would be of help.

Methods:
We developed MetaGeneMiner to help with retrieving specific microbial genomic sequences from metagenomes using a k-mer-based approach. It facilitates the rapid and accurate identification and analysis of pathogens. The tool is designed to be user-friendly and efficient on standard personal computers, allowing its use across a wide variety of settings. We validated MetaGeneMiner using eight metagenomic samples from ICU patients, which demonstrated its efficiency and accuracy.

Results:
The software extensively retrieved coding sequences of pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii and herpes simplex virus type 1 and detected a variety of resistance genes. All documentation and source codes for MetaGeneMiner are freely available at https://gitee.com/sculab/MetaGeneMiner.

Conclusions:
It is foreseeable that MetaGeneMiner possesses the potential for applications across multiple domains, including clinical diagnostics, environmental microbiology, gut microbiome research, as well as biodiversity and conservation biology. Particularly in ICU settings, MetaGeneMiner introduces a novel, rapid, and precise method for diagnosing and treating infections in critically ill patients. This tool is capable of efficiently identifying infectious pathogens, guiding personalized and precise treatment strategies, and monitoring the development of antibiotic resistance, significantly impacting the diagnosis and treatment of severe infections.
Surgical Correction of Abdomen Irregularities after Liposuction: Case Series
Authors: Borille Giuliano B. , Pereira Filho Gustavo A. , Zancanaro Mariana , Ribeiro Vinicius W. , Giannini Renato 
Published: June 2024

Background:
The occurrence of surface irregularities in the abdomen after liposuction is frequent and can be due to the fact that more liposuctions are being done nowadays, and perhaps, the fact that more noncore surgeons are doing it could be an important factor. These superficial changes compromise the aesthetic results of surgery, and their correction is a major technical challenge.

Methods:
The author presents a systematized approach for surgical treatment of fibrosis and post liposuction irregularities. Twenty-three patients underwent liposuction and abdominoplasty or mini abdominoplasty by a single surgeon (G.B.B.) over a period of 24 months to correct superficial abdominal wall irregularities after previous liposuction. All patients underwent evaluation through digital photography by two independent senior plastic surgeons according to an objective aesthetic outcome scale, 12 months after the operation.

Results:
All 23 patients showed an improvement in the appearance of the abdominal wall according to the aesthetic outcome scale used. Eighty-seven percent of the patients operated on in this series had previously undergone liposuction using technologies and 4.3% underwent liposuction alone. The overall minor complication rate was 26%. No major complications were noted.

Conclusions:
The combination of liposuction, direct fibrosis removal, and flap tensioning (abdominoplasty or mini abdominoplasty) could correct in this series the multiple factors (fibrosis, skin laxity, residual fat deposits post liposuction) related to abdominal wall surface irregularities in a safe, effective, and reproducible manner.
Social Deprivation is Associated with Increased Pain in Patients Presenting with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Raasveld Floris V. , Lans Jonathan , Valerio Ian L. , Eberlin Kyle R. 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Neuropathic pain following nerve injury can be debilitating and negatively impact quality of life. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is an efficacious technique for the management of neuropathic pain. However, this technique may be unequally available for many geographical locations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and preoperative pain in patients undergoing TMR for treatment of neuropathic pain.

Methods:
Patients who underwent TMR for neuropathic pain in the lower and upper extremities were prospectively enrolled at our tertiary care clinic. A chart review was conducted to obtain socioeconomic, surgery, and comorbidity parameters. Preoperative pain scores (0–10 pain score index), and the ADI, reflecting deprivation status on a 0–100 scale, were collected.

Results:
A total of 162 patients from 13 different states were included, of which 119 were amputees (74%). The median ADI was 25 (IQR: 16–41) and the median preoperative pain score was 6 (IQR: 5–8). A higher ADI was independently associated with higher preoperative pain. The time interval from nerve injury to TMR was not associated with ADI.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing surgical treatment of neuropathic pain from more socially deprived settings have increased pain experience upon initial evaluation, despite having similar time from nerve injury or amputation to TMR. These findings highlight the importance of identifying patients presenting from socially deprived settings, as this may impact their physical and mental health along with their coping mechanisms, resulting in increased pain.
FDG-Avid Metastatic Non–Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Intussusception
Authors: Omery Bilal M. , Rojas Roberto F. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A 47-year-old man with a history of metastatic non–clear cell left renal cell carcinoma, unclassified subtype, status post left radical nephrectomy 4 years prior, and treated with immunotherapy for approximately 2½ years, presented for 18F-FDG PET/CT exam 7 months after immunotherapy was stopped. A contrast-enhanced CT exam performed 3 weeks prior demonstrated a new small bowel intussusception in the left upper quadrant. The PET/CT demonstrated focal FDG uptake in the segment of small bowel involved in the intussusception. Pathology from small bowel resection demonstrated metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Metamorphosis of a Tall and Ugly Woman Through Plastic Surgery During a 7-Year Period: An Analysis of The Life and Loves of a She-Devil
Authors: Hwang Kun , Park Chan Yong 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to analyze the process of metamorphosis of a tall and ugly woman through plastic surgery as depicted in The Life and Loves of a She-Devil (1983) of Fay Weldon. The process of plastic surgeries and the psychology of the protagonist of this novel were analyzed. A highly unattractive woman (Ruth, 185 cm) takes revenge on her husband (Bobbo, 175 cm) and his attractive lover (Mary Fisher, 160 cm). To transform her appearance, Ruth remodels her jaw, has her teeth extracted (2-jaw surgery or facial contouring surgery), straightens and trims her nose (corrective rhinoplasty), flattens her cheekbones (reduction malarplasty), reduces her breast size (reduction mammoplasty), and shortens both her arms and legs (limb reduction surgery). Following the series of surgeries, Ruth ultimately made herself look identical to Mary Fisher, her husband’s lover. She believes her inadequacies stem from her body’s failure to meet societal beauty standards, prompting her decision to “remake” herself. She declares, “I will be what I want, not what God ordained.” Ruth’s aspiration is not to acquire a new face but to attain the face of Mary Fisher. When confronted with pain and harm, Ruth does not waver but acknowledges it. “Of course it hurts. Andersen’s little mermaid wanted legs instead of a tail. And, like her, I welcome it. I don’t complain.” In this study, we derived insights into why patients who want to change their entire bodies undergo plastic surgery, what these patients really want, and patients’ attitudes toward the pain caused by surgical procedures.
Clinical Utility of Sleep Recordings During Presurgical Epilepsy Evaluation With Stereo-Electroencephalography: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hannan Sana , Ho Alyssa , Frauscher Birgit 
Published: June 2024

Summary:
Although the role of sleep in modulating epileptic activity is well established, many epileptologists overlook the significance of considering sleep during presurgical epilepsy evaluations in cases of drug-resistant epilepsy. Here, we conducted a comprehensive literature review from January 2000 to May 2023 using the PubMed electronic database and compiled evidence to highlight the need to revise the current clinical approach. All articles were assessed for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Our aim was to shed light on the clinical value of incorporating sleep monitoring into presurgical evaluations with stereo-electroencephalography. We present the latest developments on the important bidirectional interactions between sleep and various forms of epileptic activity observed in stereo-electroencephalography recordings. Specifically, epileptic activity is modulated by different sleep stages, peaking in non–rapid eye movement sleep, while being suppressed in rapid eye movement sleep. However, this modulation can vary across different brain regions, underlining the need to account for sleep to accurately pinpoint the epileptogenic zone during presurgical assessments. Finally, we offer practical solutions, such as automated sleep scoring algorithms using stereo-electroencephalography data alone, to seamlessly integrate sleep monitoring into routine clinical practice. It is hoped that this review will provide clinicians with a readily accessible roadmap to the latest evidence concerning the clinical utility of sleep monitoring in the context of stereo-electroencephalography and aid the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to improve patient surgical outcomes.
Cooperative breeding in songbirds promotes female song but slows the evolution of song elaboration
Authors: Snyder Kate T. , Loughran-Pierce Aleyna , Creanza Nicole 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBird song has historically been characterized as a primarily male behavior that evolves through sexual selection pressures involved in mate attraction. More recently, researchers showed that female song is far more prevalent in songbirds than previously thought, raising new questions about how other social functions of birdsong and sexual selection pressures on females might affect song evolution. Certain breeding systems, particularly cooperative breeding, are hypothesized to change social dynamics and sexual selection pressures on males and females and may thus influence song evolution in both. Here, we construct a large-scale database synthesizing species-level information on the presence of female song, the characteristics of presumably male song, social variables, and breeding systems, and we perform comparative phylogenetic analyses. Our results suggest that cooperative breeding and female song co-occur significantly more than expected and exhibit co-evolutionary dynamics; in particular, cooperative breeding appears to decrease the likelihood that female song is lost. Notably, we find evidence that these trends might be linked to certain social features associated with cooperative breeding, including social bond stability, but not others, such as increased group size. In addition, we observe that song repertoire size appears to evolve more slowly in cooperative breeding lineages. Overall, our findings demonstrate that cooperative breeding may have complex and sex-specific effects on song evolution, maintaining female song while slowing the rate of male song elaboration, suggesting that song in cooperatively breeding species could function in ways that differ from the traditional mate-attraction paradigm and that lesser-studied functions of songs may be evolutionarily consequential.
Decoding the anti-aging effect of retinol in reshaping the human skin microbiome niches
Authors: Gui Minyan , Cheng Jingmin , Lin Xueni , Guo Danni , Zhou Qi , Ma Wentao , Yang Hang , Chen Xueqing , Liu Zhao , Ma Lan , Xing Xinhui , Shu Peng , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRetinol has been widely added to skincare products due to its ability to promote the proliferation of skin keratinocytes and regulate skin cell collagen expression. While it is known the skin harbors a myriad of commensal bacteria, the impact of retinol on the skin microbiome, as well as the role of the skin microbiome in mediating the anti-aging properties of retinol, remains poorly understood. In this study, we incorporated phenomics, metagenomics and metabolomics to explore the human skin alterations during the anti-aging process mediated by retinol, and potential interactions between retinol, skin microbiome and metabolites.Topical retinol significantly improved skin conditions, including enhancing skin hydration, acidifying the epidermis, strengthening the skin barrier, and reducing the number and volume of wrinkles. Furthermore, retinol also reshaped the skin microecology by altering the structure and function of the skin microbiome as well as the host and microbial metabolites. Through GEM construction, we identified 2 skin microorganism,Sericytochromatia sp.andCorynebacterium kefirresidentiicapable of oxidizing retinol to retinal. Over 10 skin microbes can utilize UDP-glucose as a carbon source, potentially accelerating RAG hydrolysis and increasing glucuronic acid consumption. The retinoic acid and retinol generated by RAG hydrolysis are reused by skin cells and microbes, enhancing retinol metabolism and its effective duration. This combined effect between the skin microbiome and retinol improves skin condition and anti-aging efficacy.