bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing readiness for transition from paediatric to adult health care: Revision and psychometric evaluation of the Am I ON TRAC for Adult Care questionnaire
Authors: Moynihan Melissa , Saewyc Elizabeth , Whitehouse Sandra , Paone Mary , McPherson Gladys 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo refine and psychometrically test the Am I ON TRAC for Adult Care questionnaire.BackgroundInadequate transition to adult care for adolescents with special healthcare needs has been associated with greater risk of treatment non‐adherence, lack of medical follow‐up, increased morbidity and mortality. Presently, there are no well‐validated measures assessing adolescents' readiness to transition from paediatric to adult medical care.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe Am I ON TRAC for Adult Care questionnaire was refined to improve the instrument's methodological soundness. A literature review informed the revisions. A convenience sample of 200 adolescents, 12‐19 years, was recruited from four outpatient clinics at a paediatric hospital in Western Canada between April–June 2012. Construct validity was evaluated by Exploratory Factory Analysis; concurrent validity was assessed using the Psychosocial Maturity Index. Internal consistency was evaluated by computing Cronbach's alpha estimates.ResultsFactor analysis of the knowledge items identified a 14‐item unidimensional scale. Knowledge and behaviour sub‐scale scores increased with age, with a stronger relationship between knowledge and age. Psychosocial maturity correlated with both sub‐scale scores, but had a stronger association with behaviour. Psychosocial maturity and age had a weak but significant correlation suggesting age is a loose proxy for maturity. Only 27% of 17‐year olds, but 62% 18‐year olds, scored above the behaviour cut‐off for transition readiness.ConclusionThe revised Am I ON TRAC for Adult Care questionnaire is a psychometrically sound measure that has potential to be used as a readiness assessment tool in both clinical practice and research.
Irisin levels are associated with urotensin II levels in diabetic patients
Authors: He Wan‐Yu , Bai Qiong , A La‐Ta , Tang Chao‐Shu , Zhang Ai‐Hua 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionIrisin is a newly identified myokine that can promote energy expenditure. Previous studies showed that circulating urotensin II (UII) levels were increased in diabetes, and UII could inhibit the glucose transport in skeletal muscle in diabetic mice and aggravated insulin resistance. We presumed that irisin levels are associated with UII in diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 71 patients with type 2 diabetes and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. Blood and urinary irisin concentrations were measured by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and UII concentrations were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Every participant's body composition was analyzed by bioelectrical impedance.ResultsThe serum irisin levels were significantly lower in diabetic patients than that of controls, whereas serum UII levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients than that in that of controls. Serum irisin levels were negatively associated with circulating UII, hemoglobin A1c and the natural logarithm transformation of urinary albumin excretion, whereas serum irisin was positively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and urinary irisin were positively associated with urinary UII. Furthermore, circulating irisin is positively associated with muscle mass, whereas circulating UII is negatively associated with muscle mass in diabetic patients. Hemoglobin A1c and circulating UII are independent determinants of circulating irisin by multiple regression analysis.ConclusionsThe present results provide the clinical evidence of an association between irisin and UII in diabetic patients. Hemoglobin A1c and circulating UII are independent determinants of circulating irisin. Our results hint that UII and high glucose might inhibit the release of irisin from skeletal muscle in diabetic patients.
Developing a Comprehensive School Connectedness Scale for Program Evaluation
Authors: Chung‐Do Jane J. , Goebert Deborah A. , Chang Janice Y. , Hamagani Fumiaki 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEvidence show that school connectedness is important to youth wellness. However, considerable inconsistency in the concepts and measures of school connectedness exists across studies. In addition, many measures do not capture the multifaceted dimensions of the school connectedness construct. This study examined the psychometric properties of a school connectedness scale that aimed to measure comprehensively the key constructs of school connectedness.METHODSThe scale was developed with teachers and tested with an ethnically diverse sample of 717 high school students enrolled in a school connectedness course using confirmatory factor analysis.RESULTSConfirmatory factor analyses demonstrated the association of the 15 items with the 5 factors identified in the literature—school involvement, academic motivation, school attachment, teacher support, and peer relations (χ2 = 439.99, df = 83, p < .0001, Comparative Fit Index = 0.991, Tucker‐Lewis index = 0.988, root mean square error of approximation = 0.077). Cronbach coefficient alphas for the factors ranged from 0.73 to 0.93.CONCLUSIONSAlthough further tests need to be conducted to assess its validity and reliability, this newly developed scale may provide researchers a tool to measure comprehensively school connectedness for program evaluation.
Aging Together: Sibling Carers of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Coyle Caitlin E. , Kramer John , Mutchler Jan E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFamily care provision is the norm for adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD), even as they and their support networks grow older. As families age together, the role of primary carer frequently transitions from the parent to a sibling, as aging parents die or become too frail to provide continued support. The purpose of this paper is to explore the transition in care from the perspective of a sibling who has replaced parents as the primary carer for an individual aging with I/DD. Data are drawn from semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with a sample of adults over age 40, living in the United States, and caring for a sibling with I/DD (n = 15). Data were analyzed using a constant comparative qualitative approach. Results reveal themes impacting the adjustment to the role of primary carer, the extent to which aging transformed the content of care needs, the importance of planning, and the availability of supplementary support. Findings from this study underscore the need to develop long‐term services and supports as well as educational resources that accommodate this population of carers as they age together with their sibling with I/DD.
Strengths and Limitations of Health and Disability Support Administrative Databases for Population‐Based Health Research in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lin Elizabeth , Balogh Robert , Isaacs Barry , Ouellette‐Kuntz Helene , Selick Avra , Wilton Andrew S. , Cobigo Virginie , Lunsky Yona 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIndividuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience high rates of social and health disadvantage. Planning effective services that meet the needs of this vulnerable population requires good population‐based data that are collected on a routine, ongoing basis. However, in most jurisdictions, none of the commonly available data (e.g., health or disability benefits administrative data) completely captures the IDD population. To more accurately identify persons with IDD in a population, one solution is to link data across multiple sources. To do this, the authors report on an effort to create a linked database to identify a cohort of adults, aged 18–64, with IDD in Ontario and use these data to examine how the linkage can help study health and healthcare access. The linked dataset was created using four health and one disability income support databases. Standardized differences were used to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the IDD cohorts identified through the health, disability income support, and linked datasets. Indirect estimation was used to evaluate which IDD subgroups might be over‐ or underestimated if only a single source of data was available. The linked database identified a cohort of 66,484 adults with IDD (0.78% prevalence). The health and disability income support data each uniquely identified approximately a third of the cohort. Health data were more likely to identify younger adults (18–24 years), those with psychiatric illnesses, and hospitalized individuals. The disability income support data were more likely to identify adults aged 35–54 and those living in lower income neighborhoods. By linking multiple databases, the authors were able to identify a much larger cohort of individuals with IDD than if they had used a single data source. It also enabled the creation of a more accurate sociodemographic and clinical profile of this population as each source captured different segments of it.
Diminished Functional Connectivity on the Road to Child Sexual Abuse in Pedophilia
Authors: Kärgel Christian , Massau Claudia , Weiß Simone , Walter Martin , Kruger Tillmann H.C. , Schiffer Boris 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Pedophilia is a disorder recognized for its impairment to the individual and for the harm it may cause to others. However, the neurobiology of pedophilia and a possible propensity to sexually abuse children are not well understood. In this study, we thus aimed at providing new insights in how functional integration of brain regions may relate to pedophilia or child sexual abuse (CSA).

Method
By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique, we compared functional connectivity at rest (RSFC) between pedophiles who engaged (P+CSA; N = 12) or did not engage (P–CSA; N = 14) in CSA and healthy controls (HCs; N = 14) within two networks: (i) the default mode network and (ii) the limbic network that has been linked to pedophilia before.

Results
Pedophiles who engaged in CSA show diminished RSFC in both networks compared with HC and P–CSA. Most importantly, they showed diminished RSFC between the left amygdala and orbitofrontal as well as anterior prefrontal regions. Though significant age differences between groups could not be avoided, correlation control analysis did not provide evidence for the assumption that the RSFC effects were related to age differences.

Conclusion
We found significantly diminished RSFC in brain networks critically involved in widespread motivational and socio-emotional processes. These results extend existing models of the functional neuroanatomy of pedophilia and CSA as altered RSFC between these regions were related to CSA rather than pedophilia and thus may account for an increased propensity to engage in CSA in people suffering from pedophilia.
High‐resolution studies of double‐layered ejecta craters: Morphology, inherent structure, and a phenomenological formation model
Authors: Wulf Gerwin , Kenkmann Thomas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe ejecta blankets of impact craters in volatile‐rich environments often possess characteristic layered ejecta morphologies. The so‐called double‐layered ejecta (DLE) craters are characterized by two ejecta layers with distinct morphologies. The analysis of high‐resolution image data, especially HiRISE and CTX, provides new insights into the formation of DLE craters. A new phenomenological excavation and ejecta emplacement model for DLE craters is proposed based on a detailed case study of the Martian crater Steinheim—a well‐preserved DLE crater—and studies of other DLE craters. The observations show that the outer ejecta layer is emplaced as medial and distal ejecta that propagate outwards in a debris avalanche or (if saturated with water) a debris flow mode after landing, overrunning previously formed secondary craters. In contrast, the inner ejecta layer is formed by a translational slide of the proximal ejecta deposits during the emplacement stage that overrun and superimpose parts of the outer ejecta layer. Based on our model, DLE craters on Mars are the result of an impact event into a rock/ice mixture that produces large amounts of shock‐induced vaporization and melting of ground ice, leading to high ejection angles, proximal landing positions, and an ejecta curtain with relatively wet (in terms of water in liquid form) composition in the distal part versus dryer composition in the proximal part. As a consequence, basal melting of ice components in the ejecta at the transient crater rim, which is induced by frictional heating and the enhanced pressure at depth, initiates an outwards directed collapse of crater rim material in a translational slide mode. Our results indicate that similar processes may also be applicable for other planetary bodies with volatile‐rich environments, such as Ganymede, Europa, and the Earth.
Two widespread green Neottia species (Orchidaceae) show mycorrhizal preference for Sebacinales in various habitats and ontogenetic stages
Authors: Těšitelová Tamara , Kotilínek Milan , Jersáková Jana , Joly François‐Xavier , Košnar Jiří , Tatarenko Irina , Selosse Marc‐André 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPlant dependence on fungal carbon (mycoheterotrophy) evolved repeatedly. In orchids, it is connected with a mycorrhizal shift from rhizoctonia to ectomycorrhizal fungi and a high natural 13C and 15N abundance. Some green relatives of mycoheterotrophic species show identical trends, but most of these remain unstudied, blurring our understanding of evolution to mycoheterotrophy. We analysed mycorrhizal associations and 13C and 15N biomass content in two green species, Neottia ovata and N. cordata (tribe Neottieae), from a genus comprising green and nongreen (mycoheterotrophic) species. Our study covered 41 European sites, including different meadow and forest habitats and orchid developmental stages. Fungal ITS barcoding and electron microscopy showed that both Neottia species associated mainly with nonectomycorrhizal Sebacinales Clade B, a group of rhizoctonia symbionts of green orchids, regardless of the habitat or growth stage. Few additional rhizoctonias from Ceratobasidiaceae and Tulasnellaceae, and ectomycorrhizal fungi were detected. Isotope abundances did not detect carbon gain from the ectomycorrhizal fungi, suggesting a usual nutrition of rhizoctonia‐associated green orchids. Considering associations of related partially or fully mycoheterotrophic species such as Neottia camtschatea or N. nidus‐avis with ectomycorrhizal Sebacinales Clade A, we propose that the genus Neottia displays a mycorrhizal preference for Sebacinales and that the association with nonectomycorrhizal Sebacinales Clade B is likely ancestral. Such a change in preference for mycorrhizal associates differing in ecology within the same fungal taxon is rare among orchids. Moreover, the existence of rhizoctonia‐associated Neottia spp. challenges the shift to ectomycorrhizal fungi as an ancestral pre‐adaptation to mycoheterotrophy in the whole Neottieae.
Operationalising national identity: the cases of the Scottish National Party and Frisian National Party
Authors: van der Zwet Arno 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe article sets out to examine the complexity of national identity and to provide a more nuanced understanding of how inclusive and exclusive characteristics of national identity, which appear theoretically contradictory but show empirically considerable compatibility, relate to each other. In order to empirically investigate the nature of national identity, the article develops a multidimensional model – consisting of an ethnic, cultural, territorial and civic dimension. The article explores the understanding of national identity in two specific groups: members of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in the United Kingdom and members of the Frisian National Party (FNP) in the Netherlands. The evidence presented is based on data from two full membership studies, and the model is operationalised using a confirmatory factor analyses. The conclusion is that national identity can be conceptualised as consisting of one, or several, base layer(s) that can be ‘topped‐up’ with secondary layers.
Dealing with the contested past in Serbia: decontextualisation of the war veterans memories
Authors: David Lea 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article addresses the protracted process that took place following the wars of the 1990s through which the war veteran populations in Serbia were fragmented, alienated and marginalised. The main assumption in this paper is that gaining control over the veteran populations was a crucial step in silencing any public reckoning with the nation's criminal past. Drawing on the case study of the top‐down reframing of the war veterans' memories, I show that the most effective strategy was found to be first to fragment the veteran population and then to encourage them to de‐contextualise and reframe their memories replacing concrete historical suffering with abstract remembrance. This resulted in the reinstitution of Serbia's former national narrative of Serbian victimisation. It is suggested that the Serbian case of collective memory reconstruction after the wars of the 1990s is a prime example of how post‐conflict states may mediate their contested past in order to bridge the gap between domestic demands and those of the international community.
Phylogenetics and molecular clocks reveal the repeated evolution of ant‐plants after the lateMiocene inAfrica and the earlyMiocene inAustralasia and theNeotropics
Authors: Chomicki Guillaume , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAnt–plant symbioses involve over 110 ant species in five subfamilies that are facultative or obligate occupants of stem, leaf or root domatia formed by hundreds of ant‐plant species. The phylogenetic distribution and geological ages of these associations, and the frequency of gains or losses of domatium, are largely unknown.We compiled an up‐to‐date list of ant domatium‐bearing plants, estimated their probable true number from model‐based statistical inference, generated dated phylogenies that includec. 50% of ant‐plant lineages, and traced the occurrence of domatia and extrafloral nectaries on a 1181‐species tree, using likelihood and Bayesian methods.We found 681 vascular plants with domatia (159 genera in 50 families) resulting from minimally 158 inferred domatium origins and 43 secondary losses over the last 19 Myr. The oldest African ant–plant symbioses are younger than those in Australasia and the Neotropics. The best statistical model suggests that the true number of myrmecophytes may approach 1140 species.The phylogenetic distribution of ant‐plants shows that domatia evolved from a range of pre‐adapted morphological structures and have been lost frequently, suggesting that domatia have no generalizable effect on diversification. The Miocene origin of ant–plant symbioses is consistent with inferred changes in diet and behaviour during ant evolution.
Mycorrhizal networks and coexistence in species‐rich orchid communities
Authors: Jacquemyn Hans , Brys Rein , Waud Michael , Busschaert Pieter , Lievens Bart 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Multispecies assemblages often consist of a complex network of interactions. Describing the architecture of these networks is a first step in understanding the stability and persistence of these species‐rich communities. Whereas a large body of research has been devoted to the description of above‐ground interactions, much less attention has been paid to below‐ground interactions, probably because of difficulties to adequately assess the nature and diversity of interactions occurring below the ground.

In this study, we used 454 amplicon pyrosequencing to investigate the architecture of the network between mycorrhizal fungi and 20 orchid species co‐occurring in a species‐rich Mediterranean grasslands.

We found 100 different fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) known to be mycorrhizal in orchids, most of which were members related to the genera Ceratobasidium and Tulasnella. The network of interactions was significantly compartmentalized (M = 0.589, P = 0.001), but not significantly nested (N = 0.74, NODF = 10.58; P > 0.05). Relative nestedness was negative (N* = −0.014), also suggesting the existence of isolated groups of interacting species.

Compartmentalization is a typical feature of ecological systems showing high interaction intimacy, and may reflect strong specialization between orchids and fungi resulting from physiological, physical or spatial constraints.
Novel roles of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in regulating pectin synthesis and demethylesterification in the cell wall of rice (Oryza sativa) root tips
Authors: Xiong Jie , Yang Yongjie , Fu Guanfu , Tao Longxing 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been reported to increase lignin formation, enhance cell wall rigidification, restrict cell expansion and inhibit root elongation. However, our results showed that it not only inhibited rice (Oryza sativa) root elongation, but also increased root diameter. No study has reported how and why H2O2 increases cell expansion and root diameter.

Exogenous H2O2 and its scavenger 4‐hydroxy‐Tempo were applied to confirm the roles of H2O2. Immunofluorescence, fluorescence probe, ruthenium red staining, histological section and spectrophotometry were used to monitor changes in the degree of pectin methylesterification, pectin content, pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and H2O2 content.

Exogenous H2O2 inhibited root elongation, but increased cell expansion and root diameter significantly. H2O2 not only increased the region of pectin synthesis and pectin content in root tips, but also increased PME activity and pectin demethylesterification. The scavenger 4‐hydroxy‐Tempo reduced root H2O2 content and recovered H2O2‐induced increases in cell expansion and root diameter by inhibiting pectin synthesis, PME activity and pectin demethylesterification.

H2O2 plays a novel role in the regulation of pectin synthesis, PME activity and pectin demethylesterification. H2O2 increases cell expansion and root diameter by increasing pectin content and demethylesterification.