bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Sulfite Oxidation in the Simultaneous Desulfurization and Denitrification of the Oxidation‐Absorption Process
Authors: Huang Xianming , Ding Jie , Jia Yong , Zhang Shule , Zhong Qin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe kinetics of sulfite oxidation in the simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification of the oxidation‐absorption process was investigated with a bubbling apparatus under the conditions of varying pH, sulfite concentration, nitrite concentration, temperature, and air flow. The results indicate that the oxidation of sulfite is promoted dramatically by mixing with nitrite, due to the decline of the apparent energy of activation and the initiation of nitric dioxide decomposition by nitrite. An increase of the nitrite concentration, the air flow, the reaction temperature, or the pH supports the decomposition of nitrite and the production of nitric dioxide, thus leading to an enhancement of the sulfite oxidation rate. A kinetic model is established according to the experimental results. A satisfactory agreement between the calculated and the experimental values is obtained.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylthiolation of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Honeker Roman , Ernst Johannes B. , Glorius Frank 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA general and efficient methodology for the direct transition metal free trifluoromethylthiolation of a broad range of biologically relevant N‐heteroarenes is reported employing abundant sodium chloride as the catalyst. This method is operationally simple, exhibits high functional group tolerance, and does not require protecting groups.
Reducing Cardiovascular and Cancer Risk: How to Address Global Primary Prevention in Clinical Practice
Authors: Battistoni Allegra , Mastromarino Vittoria , Volpe Massimo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence suggesting the possibility that interventions able to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) may also be effective in the prevention of cancer have recently stimulated great interest in the medical community. In particular, data from both experimental and observational studies have demonstrated that aspirin may play a role in preventing different types of cancer. Although the use of aspirin in the secondary prevention of CVD is well established, aspirin in primary prevention is not systematically recommended because the absolute cardiovascular event reduction is similar to the absolute excess in major bleedings. By adding to its cardiovascular prevention benefits, the potential beneficial effect of aspirin in reducing the incidence of mortality and cancer could tip the balance between risks and benefits of aspirin therapy in primary prevention in favor of the latter and broaden the indication for treatment with aspirin in populations at average risk. Prospective and randomized studies are currently investigating the effect of aspirin in prevention of both cancer and CVD; however, clinical efforts at the individual level to promote the use of aspirin in global (or total) primary prevention already could be made on the basis of a balanced evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio.
Comparative effectiveness of gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Galsky Matthew D. , Pal Sumanta K. , Chowdhury Simon , Harshman Lauren C. , Crabb Simon J. , Wong Yu‐Ning , Yu Evan Y. , Powles Thomas , Moshier Erin L. , Ladoire Sylvain , Hussain Syed A. , Agarwal Neeraj , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Recine Federica , Berthold Dominik , Necchi Andrea , Theodore Christine , Milowsky Matthew I. , Bellmunt Joaquim , Rosenberg Jonathan E. ,   for the Retrospective International Study of Cancers of the Urothelial Tract (RISC) Investigators
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDGemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) has been adopted as a neoadjuvant regimen for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer despite the lack of Level I evidence in this setting.METHODSData were collected using an electronic data‐capture platform from 28 international centers. Eligible patients had clinical T‐classification 2 (cT2) through cT4aN0M0 urothelial cancer of the bladder and received neoadjuvant GC or methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin (MVAC) before undergoing cystectomy. Logistic regression was used to compute propensity scores as the predicted probabilities of patients being assigned to MVAC versus GC given their baseline characteristics. These propensity scores were then included in a new logistic regression model to estimate an adjusted odds ratio comparing the odds of attaining a pathologic complete response (pCR) between patients who received MVAC and those who received GC.RESULTSIn total, 212 patients (146 patients in the GC cohort and 66 patients in the MVAC cohort) met criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The majority of patients in the MVAC cohort (77%) received dose‐dense MVAC. The median age of patients was 63 years, they were predominantly men (74%), and they received a median of 3 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The pCR rate was 29% in the MVAC cohort and 31% in the GC cohort. There was no significant difference in the pCR rate when adjusted for propensity scores between the 2 regimens (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.48‐1.72; P = .77). In an exploratory analysis evaluating survival, the hazard ratio comparing hazard rates for MVAC versus GC adjusted for propensity scores was not statistically significant (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.40‐1.54; P = .48).CONCLUSIONSPatients who received neoadjuvant GC and MVAC achieved comparable pCR rates in the current analysis, providing evidence to support what has become routine practice. Cancer 2015;121:2586–2593. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cerebellar premotor output neurons collateralize to innervate the cerebellar cortex
Authors: Houck Brenda D. , Person Abigail L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMotor commands computed by the cerebellum are hypothesized to use corollary discharge, or copies of outgoing commands, to accelerate motor corrections. Identifying sources of corollary discharge, therefore, is critical for testing this hypothesis. Here we verified that the pathway from the cerebellar nuclei to the cerebellar cortex in mice includes collaterals of cerebellar premotor output neurons, mapped this collateral pathway, and identified its postsynaptic targets. Following bidirectional tracer injections into a distal target of the cerebellar nuclei, the ventrolateral thalamus, we observed retrogradely labeled somata in the cerebellar nuclei and mossy fiber terminals in the cerebellar granule layer, consistent with collateral branching. Corroborating these observations, bidirectional tracer injections into the cerebellar cortex retrogradely labeled somata in the cerebellar nuclei and boutons in the ventrolateral thalamus. To test whether nuclear output neurons projecting to the red nucleus also collateralize to the cerebellar cortex, we used a Cre‐dependent viral approach, avoiding potential confounds of direct red nucleus‐to‐cerebellum projections. Injections of a Cre‐dependent GFP‐expressing virus into Ntsr1‐Cre mice, which express Cre selectively in the cerebellar nuclei, retrogradely labeled somata in the interposed nucleus, and putative collateral branches terminating as mossy fibers in the cerebellar cortex. Postsynaptic targets of all labeled mossy fiber terminals were identified using immunohistochemical Golgi cell markers and electron microscopic profiles of granule cells, indicating that the collaterals of nuclear output neurons contact both Golgi and granule cells. These results clarify the organization of a subset of nucleocortical projections that constitute an experimentally accessible corollary discharge pathway within the cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2254–2271, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Characterisation of Phosphinyl Radicals and Their Magnetic Properties: g Matrix
Authors: Witwicki Maciej 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe g matrices (g tensors) of various phosphinyl radicals (R2P.) were calculated using the DFT and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) methods. The g matrices were distinctly dependent on the molecular structure of the radical. To thoroughly examine this dependence, the contributions from individual atoms and excited states were calculated. The former revealed the gain from the phosphorus atom to be preeminent unless PO or PS bonds are present in the radical molecule. The contributions owing to excited states arising from electronic transitions between doubly occupied molecular orbitals and the SOMO were clearly positive, as in the case of semiquinone and niroxide radicals. The transitions from the phosphorus lone pair were of paramount importance. Surprisingly, unlike for semiquinones and nitroxides, a significant negative contribution was observed from excitations from the SOMO to unoccupied molecular orbitals. For radicals with PO bonds, this contribution to the g2 component was dominant.
When is it worth being a self‐compatible hermaphrodite? Context‐dependent effects of self‐pollination on female advantage in gynodioeciousSilene nutans
Authors: Lahiani Emna , Touzet Pascal , Billard Emmanuelle , Dufay Mathilde 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn gynodioecious plant species with nuclear‐cytoplasmic sex determination, females and hermaphrodites plants can coexist whenever female have higher seed fitness than hermaphrodites. Although the effect of self fertilization on seed fitness in hermaphrodites has been considered theoretically, this effect is far from intuitive, because it can either increase the relative seed fitness of the females (if it leads hermaphrodites to produce inbred, low quality offspring) or decrease it (if it provides reproductive assurance to hermaphrodites). Hence, empirical investigation is needed to document whether relative seed fitness varies with whether pollen is or is not limiting to seed production. In the current study, we measured fruit set and seed production in both females and hermaphrodites and the selfing rate in hermaphrodites in two experimental patches that differed in sex ratios in the gynodioecious plantSilene nutans. We found an impact of plant gender, patch, and their interaction, with females suffering from stronger pollen limitation when locally frequent. In the most pollen‐limited situation, the selfing rate of hermaphrodites increased and provided hermaphrodites with a type of reproductive assurance that is not available to females. By integrating both the beneficial (reproductive assurance) and costly effects (through inbreeding depression) of self‐pollination, we showed that whether females did or did not exhibit higher seed fitness depended on the degree of pollen limitation on seed production.
Concentration of C20‐22n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from Sardinella longiceps and fatty acid stabilization
Authors: Chakraborty Kajal , Joseph Deepu , Joseph Dexy 
Published: April 2015

Long chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from the refined oil from Sardinella longiceps were concentrated by low‐temperature crystallization and urea complexation. Low‐temperature crystallization (4°C) using acetone:ethylacetate (7:3, v/v) and urea complexation with urea‐to‐fatty acid ratio of 4:1 (w/w) afforded fatty acid concentrate (FAC) with greater than 60% C20–22 n‐3 fatty acids, and significant increase in NMR olefinic proton integral (at δ 5.2–5.6). Ethylacetate fractions of seaweeds, Kappaphycus alvarezii, Hypnea musciformis, and Jania rubens, which possessed greater antioxidant activities, were added to FAC individually, and in nine factorial combinations (0.5%, w/w). The oxidative stabilities of these treatments were compared with FAC added with BHT and α‐tocopherol in an accelerated storage study. A synergistic effect of ethylacetate fractions from K. alvarezii, H. musciformis, and J. rubens used at 0.1:0.2:0.2 (%, w/w) in preventing the oxidative degradation of FAC was observed. No traces of aromatics (δ 6–7) and aldehydes (δ 9–10) were present in the 1H‐NMR spectra of FAC added with seaweed extracts after the accelerated storage study, demonstrating that the seaweed extracts were able to prevent the formation of low molecular weight secondary oxidation products in the unsaturated system during storage.Practical applications: The present study demonstrated the process of concentrating the refined oil of S. longiceps using a step‐wise process of low‐temperature crystallization and urea complexation, which is significant to obtain greater than 60% C20–22 n‐3 fatty acids. The fatty acid concentrate has greater susceptibility towards oxidative rancidity resulting in the formation of toxic end products, and therefore, the prevention of oxidative deterioration of n‐3 fatty acid concentrates is a major challenge for the fish oil industry. Effectiveness of seaweed derived antioxidatives as natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants to prevent the formation of oxidation products in the concentrated fatty acids from fish oil has been established. The utility of nuclear magnetic resonance analyses as an effective tool for analyzing the chemistry and stability of concentrated n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has been demonstrated. This study is significant to produce stabilized fatty acid concentrate from marine fish oil for use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.Refined oil from Sardinella longiceps was concentrated by urea complexation to yield fatty acid concentrate (FAC) with greater than 60% C20–22 n‐3 fatty acids, and a significant increase in 1H‐NMR olefinic proton integral (δ 5.2–5.6). No traces of aromatics (δ 6–7) and aldehydes (δ 9–10) were present in 1H‐NMR of FAC added with seaweed extracts after accelerated storage, demonstrating that seaweed extracts could prevent the formation of low molecular weight secondary oxidation products in the unsaturated system during storage.
Whey as a renewable source for lipid production by Rhodococcus strains: Physiology and genomics of lactose and galactose utilization
Authors: Herrero O. Marisa , Alvarez Héctor M. 
Published: April 2015

We investigated biomass and lipid production from whey by different Rhodococcus strains. The studied microorganisms exhibited different capability for growing and producing lipids from whey permeate. Strains belonging to R. opacus exhibited high yields of biomass (6.1–6.3 g/L) and lipid content (45–48% of CDW), whereas R. jostii, R. erythropolis, R. fascians, and R. equi strains produced low biomass (1.8–2.9 g/L) and lipids (lesser than 5% of CDW) from whey. Lactose and galactose, which are main constituents of whey, supported growth of R. opacus strains, but not of the other investigated species. A genome‐wide bioinformatic analyses demonstrated that some genes coding for transport systems (LacEFGK) and the β‐galactosidase (LacB) enzyme for lactose cleavage are lacking in such species, which may explain their inability to utilize lactose, galactose, and whey for an efficient biomass and lipid production. R. opacus possesses a complete genetic endowment for degrading lactose, galactose, and whey as well as for lipid biosynthesis from such substrates. Thus, R. opacus is a robust candidate for single‐cell oil production from whey. The cultivation of R. opacus cells on crude whey resulted in an increase of lipid production from 3.0 to 6.4 g/L, in comparison to whey permeate.Practical application: This study demonstrates that the bioconversion of whey to oils by Rhodococcus strains is feasible. However, we found some genetic and physiological differences for whey, lactose and galactose catabolism and assimilation among rhodococcal species. Our results demonstrate that among five different rhodococcal species, Rhodococcus opacus has the more robust genetic endowment for supporting high yields of biomass and lipid production from whey. The use of whey for single cell oil production by rhodococci may serve as platform for developing environmentally friendly biotechnological processes.The use of whey for single cell oil production by rhodococci may serve as platform for developing environmentally friendly biotechnological processes.
A Genosensor for Point Mutation Detection of P53 Gene PCR Product Using Magnetic Particles
Authors: Hamidi‐Asl Ezat , Raoof Jahan Bakhsh , Hejazi Mohammad Saeid , Sharifi Simin , Golabi Seyed Mahdi , Palchetti Ilaria , Mascini Marco 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe development of an electrochemical genosensor involving DNA biotinylated capture probe immobilized on streptavidin coated paramagnetic beads and microfluidic based platform for the detection of P53 gene PCR product is reported. The novelty of this work is the combination of a sensitive electrochemical platform and a proper microfluidic system with a simple and effective enzyme signal amplification technology, ELISA, for detection of target DNA sequence and single nucleotide mutation in p53 tumor suppressor gene sequence. The biosensor has been applied to detect the PCR amplified samples and the results shows that it can discriminate successfully perfect matched DNA from mutant form.
Bendable All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors based on MnO2 and Fe2O3 Thin Films
Authors: Chodankar Nilesh R. , Dubal Deepak P. , Gund Girish S. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe growing interest in portable and consumable electronics demands efficient and low‐cost energy storage devices with excellent flexibility and of light weight. We demonstrate flexible high‐performance all‐solid‐state thin‐film asymmetric supercapacitors (ASSTF‐ASCs) using α‐MnO2 and α‐Fe2O3 thin films as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. The as‐fabricated ASSTF‐ASC devices have excellent electrochemical performance with extended potential window of 2.0 V and excellent cycling stability for 2500 cycles. Impressively, an MnO2//Fe2O3 asymmetric cell demonstrates high specific capacitance of 145 F g−1 with a high energy density of 41 Wh kg−1 while maintaining a power density of 2.1 kW kg−1. A parallel combination of two MnO2//Fe2O3 asymmetric cells is able to illuminate a panel of 31 light emitting diodes (LEDs). These findings may offer new opportunities for the use of asymmetric configurations in energy storage devices for various portable electronic systems.
Expedient Route to Chalcogenophosphinates with Glucose Moieties via Todd–Atherton‐Like Coupling between Secondary Phosphine Chalcogenides and Diacetone‐d‐Glucose in the CCl4/Et3N System
Authors: Volkov Pavel А. , Ivanova Nina I. , Gusarova Nina K. , Sukhov Boris G. , Khrapova Kseniya O. , Zelenkov Lev E. , Smirnov Vladimir I. , Borodina Tatyana N. , Vakul'skaya Tamara I. , Khutsishvili Spartak S. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSecondary phosphine chalcogenides react with diacetone‐d‐glucose (DAG) in the system CCl4/Et3N (70°C, 4–24 h) to afford DAG chalcogenophosphinates in up to 79% yield, thus paving a short way to optically active chalcogenophosphinates with glucose moieties. As an example, a mild regioselective hydrolysis (70°C, aqueous MeCOOH) of DAG bis(2‐phenylethyl)selenophosphinate) obtained leads to monoacetone‐d‐glucose bis(2‐phenylethyl)selenophosphinate.
Identification of Azole Resistance Markers in Clinical Isolates of Candida tropicalis Using cDNA‐AFLP Method
Authors: Kanani Ali , Zaini Farideh , Kordbacheh Parivash , Falahati Mehraban , Rezaie Sassan , Daie Roshanak , Farahyar Shirin , Safara Mahin , Fateh Roohollah , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Fattahi Azam , Heidari Mansour 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundGlobal reports have highlighted the increasing prevalence of Candida tropicalis infections as well as organism’s drug resistance. This study aimed at identifying azole resistance markers in clinical isolates of C. tropicalis, which will be a great resource for developing new drugs.MethodsTwo susceptible and resistant isolates of C. tropicalis were recovered from an epidemiological investigation of candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. C. tropicalis ATCC 750 was used as reference strain. Antifungal susceptibility to fluconazole and itraconazole was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) method. Complementary DNA‐amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA‐AFLP) technology and real‐time reverse‐transcriptase (RT) PCR were used for identification of potential genes involved in azole resistance of C. tropicalis clinical isolates.ResultsFive genes encoding the following enzymes were identified as superoxide dismutase (SOD) implicated in antioxidant defense, ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), acetyl ornithine aminotransferase (ACOAT), adenosylmethionine‐8‐amino‐7‐oxononanoate aminotransferase (DAPA AT), and 4‐aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT)—belonging to pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes and acting in an important physiological role in many fungal‐cell cycles. Real‐time RT‐PCR confirmed mRNA level of the aforementioned genes.ConclusionOur findings showed that factors such as PLP‐dependent enzymes and SOD might be implicated in drug resistance in C. tropicalis clinical isolate. Therefore, further studies are required to explore the accurate biological functions of the mentioned genes that would be helpful for effective drug development.
High concentration of phosphorus is a distinctive feature of myelin. An X‐Ray elemental microanalysis study using freeze‐fracture scanning electron microscopy of rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Oliveira Maria João , Águas Artur P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe have used rat sciatic nerves submitted to freezing and freeze‐fracture to determine the elemental composition of small domains of the peripheral nerve studied at high resolution by scanning electron microscopy. We found that myelin of Schwann cells is unique in its high content in phosphorus (P) that was more than 10 times higher than P measured in any other cells. This high concentration in P makes myelin chemistry suitable of monitoring at the subcellular level using the herein described methodology. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:537–539, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing different methods to fix and to dehydrate cells on alginate hydrogel scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Santana Bianca Palma , Nedel Fernanda , Perelló Ferrúa Camila , e Silva Ricardo Marques , da Silva Adriana Fernandes , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Lenin Villarreal Carreño Neftali 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTScanning electron microscopy (SEM) is commonly used in the analysis of scaffolds morphology, as well as cell attachment, morphology and spreading on to the scaffolds. However, so far a specific methodology to prepare the alginate hydrogel (AH) scaffolds for SEM analysis has not been evaluated. This study compared different methods to fix/dehydrate cells in AH scaffolds for SEM analysis. AH scaffolds were prepared and seeded with NIH/3T3 cell line; fixed with glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, or the freeze drying method and analyzed by SEM. Results demonstrated that the freeze dried method interferes less with cell morphology and density, and preserves the scaffolds structure. The fixation with glutaraldehyde did not affect cells morphology and density; however, the scaffolds morphology was affected in some level. The fixation with osmium tetroxide interfered in the natural structure of cells and scaffold. In conclusion the freeze drying and glutaraldehyde are suitable methods for cell fixation in AH scaffold for SEM, although scaffolds structure seems to be affected by glutaraldehyde. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:553–561, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cycles Avoiding a Color in Colorful Graphs
Authors: Meierling Dirk , Müttel Janina , Rautenbach* Dieter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Ramsey numbers of cycles imply that every 2‐edge‐colored complete graph on n vertices contains monochromatic cycles of all lengths between 4 and at least . We generalize this result to colors by showing that every k‐edge‐colored complete graph on vertices contains ‐edge‐colored cycles of all lengths between 3 and at least .