bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Review: Engaging fathers – recommendations for a game change in parenting interventions based on a systematic review of the global evidence
Authors: Panter‐Brick Catherine , Burgess Adrienne , Eggerman Mark , McAllister Fiona , Pruett Kyle , Leckman James F. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundDespite robust evidence of fathers’ impact on children and mothers, engaging with fathers is one of the least well‐explored and articulated aspects of parenting interventions. It is therefore critical to evaluate implicit and explicit biases manifested in current approaches to research, intervention, and policy.MethodsWe conducted a systematic database and a thematic hand search of the global literature on parenting interventions. Studies were selected from Medline, Psychinfo, SSCI, and Cochrane databases, and from gray literature on parenting programs, using multiple search terms for parent, father, intervention, and evaluation. We tabulated single programs and undertook systematic quality coding to review the evidence base in terms of the scope and nature of data reporting.ResultsAfter screening 786 nonduplicate records, we identified 199 publications that presented evidence on father participation and impact in parenting interventions. With some notable exceptions, few interventions disaggregate ‘father’ or ‘couple’ effects in their evaluation, being mostly driven by a focus on the mother–child dyad. We identified seven key barriers to engaging fathers in parenting programs, pertaining to cultural, institutional, professional, operational, content, resource, and policy considerations in their design and delivery.ConclusionsBarriers to engaging men as parents work against father inclusion as well as father retention, and undervalue coparenting as contrasted with mothering. Robust evaluations of father participation and father impact on child or family outcomes are stymied by the ways in which parenting interventions are currently designed, delivered, and evaluated. Three key priorities are to engage fathers and coparenting couples successfully, to disaggregate process and impact data by fathers, mothers, and coparents, and to pay greater attention to issues of reach, sustainability, cost, equity, and scale‐up. Clarity of purpose with respect to gender‐differentiated and coparenting issues in the design, delivery, and evaluation of parenting programs will constitute a game change in this field.
Do violence dynamics matter?
Authors: Katerndahl David , Burge Sandra , Ferrer Robert , Becho Johanna , Wood Robert 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesIntimate partner violence is a complex, non‐linear phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to determine whether violence dynamics (pattern, degree of non‐linearity, optimal non‐linearity) contributed to outcomes in violent relationships.MethodsThe study was conducted in six primary care clinics, enrolling 200 adult women in violent relationships. In addition to baseline and end‐of‐study interviews, women completed daily telephone assessments of household environment and partner violence using interactive verbal response. Three non‐linearity measures of violence were computed with ‘optimal’ non‐linearity estimated using Z‐transformations. Assignment of dynamic patterns (periodic, chaotic, random) was made based upon Lyapunov exponent and correlation dimension. Outcomes across dynamic patterns were analysed using analysis of variance. In addition, stepped multiple linear regression explained factor‐analysed outcomes, adjusting for demographic, childhood, mental health and marital variables; attitudinal/behavioural outcomes were also adjusted for when explaining clinical outcomes.ResultsWomen experiencing periodic violence recognized the importance of violence and used their active coping to seek mental health care. Those with chaotic dynamics recognized that they were not responsible, experienced fewer psychological symptoms and emotional role limitations, and did not seek help. Those experiencing random violence recognized its unpredictability and uncontrollability. Violence non‐linearity predicted negative coping, positive appraisals and hope/support in regression analyses, while optimal non‐linearity contributed to readiness for change and symptoms functioning. Of the nine outcomes investigated, violence non‐linearity contributed to five outcomes.ConclusionDynamic pattern of violence, degree of violence non‐linearity and optimal non‐linearity correlated with several attitudinal/behavioural and clinical outcomes. Knowledge of violence dynamics may have applications when working with violent couples.
Canavan disease: Clinical features and recent advances in research
Authors: Hoshino Hideki , Kubota Masaya 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCanavan disease (CD) is a genetic neurodegenerative leukodystrophy that results in the spongy degeneration of white matter in the brain. CD is characterized by mutations in the gene encoding aspartoacylase (ASPA), the substrate enzyme that hydrolyzes N‐acetylaspartic acid (NAA) to acetate and aspartate. Elevated NAA and subsequent deficiency in acetate associated with this disease cause progressive neurological symptoms, such as macrocephaly, visuocognitive dysfunction, and psychomotor delay. The prevalence of CD is higher among Ashkenazi Jewish people, and several types of mutations have been reported in the gene coding ASPA. Highly elevated NAA is more specific to CD than other leukodystrophies, and an examination of urinary NAA concentration is useful for diagnosing CD. Many researchers are now examining the mechanisms responsible for white matter degeneration or dysmyelination in CD using mouse models, and several persuasive hypotheses have been suggested for the pathophysiology of CD. One is that NAA serves as a water pump; consequently, a disorder in NAA catabolism leads to astrocytic edema. Another hypothesis is that the hydrolyzation of NAA in oligodendrocytes is essential for myelin synthesis through the supply of acetate. Although there is currently no curative therapy for CD, dietary supplements are candidates that may retard the progression of the symptoms associated with CD. Furthermore, gene therapies using viral vectors have been investigated using rat models. These therapies have been found to be tolerable with no severe long‐term adverse effects, reduce the elevated NAA in the brain, and may be applied to humans in the future.
Growing duckweed for biofuel production: a review
Authors: Cui W. , Cheng J. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDuckweed can be utilised to produce ethanol, butanol and biogas, which are promising alternative energy sources to minimise dependence on limited crude oil and natural gas. The advantages of this aquatic plant include high rate of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake, high biomass yield and great potential as an alternative feedstock for the production of fuel ethanol, butanol and biogas. The objective of this article is to review the published research on growing duckweed for the production of the biofuels, especially starch enrichment in duckweed plants. There are mainly two processes affecting the accumulation of starch in duckweed biomass: photosynthesis for starch generation and metabolism‐related starch consumption. The cost of stimulating photosynthesis is relatively high based on current technologies. Considerable research efforts have been made to inhibit starch degradation. Future research need in this area includes duckweed selection, optimisation of duckweed biomass production, enhancement of starch accumulation in duckweeds and use of duckweeds for production of various biofuels.
Arabidopsis thaliana, an experimental host for tomato yellow leaf curl disease‐associated begomoviruses by agroinoculation and whitefly transmission
Authors: Cañizares M. C. , Rosas‐Díaz T. , Rodríguez‐Negrete E. , Hogenhout S. A. , Bedford I. D. , Bejarano E. R. , Navas‐Castillo J. , Moriones E. 
Published: July 2014

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease is one of the most devastating viral diseases affecting tomato crops worldwide. This disease is caused by several begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), such as Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), that are transmitted in nature by the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. An efficient control of this vector‐transmitted disease requires a thorough knowledge of the plant–virus–vector triple interaction. The possibility of using Arabidopsis thaliana as an experimental host would provide the opportunity to use a wide variety of genetic resources and tools to understand interactions that are not feasible in agronomically important hosts. In this study, it is demonstrated that isolates of two strains (Israel, IL and Mild, Mld) of TYLCV can replicate and systemically infect A. thaliana ecotype Columbia plants either by Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated inoculation or through the natural vector Bemisia tabaci. The virus can also be acquired from A. thaliana‐infected plants by B. tabaci and transmitted to either A. thaliana or tomato plants. Therefore, A. thaliana is a suitable host for TYLCV–insect vector–plant host interaction studies. Interestingly, an isolate of the Spain (ES) strain of a related begomovirus, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV‐ES), is unable to infect this ecotype of A. thaliana efficiently. Using infectious chimeric viral clones between TYLCV‐Mld and TYLCSV‐ES, candidate viral factors involved in an efficient infection of A. thaliana were identified.
Delayed system response times affect immediate physiology and the dynamics of subsequent button press behavior
Authors: Kohrs Christin , Hrabal David , Angenstein Nicole , Brechmann André 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSystem response time research is an important issue in human‐computer interactions. Experience with technical devices and general rules of human‐human interactions determine the user's expectation, and any delay in system response time may lead to immediate physiological, emotional, and behavioral consequences. We investigated such effects on a trial‐by‐trial basis during a human‐computer interaction by measuring changes in skin conductance (SC), heart rate (HR), and the dynamics of button press responses. We found an increase in SC and a deceleration of HR for all three delayed system response times (0.5, 1, 2 s). Moreover, the data on button press dynamics was highly informative since subjects repeated a button press with more force in response to delayed system response times. Furthermore, the button press dynamics could distinguish between correct and incorrect decisions and may thus even be used to infer the uncertainty of a user's decision.
Molecular Mechanisms of Substrate Recognition and Specificity of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase
Authors: Chiou Jiachi , Leung Thomas Yun-Chung , Chen Sheng 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Carbapenems are one of the last lines of defense for Gram-negative pathogens, such as members of the
Enterobacteriaceae
. Despite the fact that most carbapenems are resistant to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), emerging metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), including New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), that can hydrolyze carbapenems have become prevalent and are frequently associated with the so-called “superbugs,” for which treatments are extremely limited. Crystallographic study sheds light on the modes of antibiotic binding to NDM-1, yet the mechanisms governing substrate recognition and specificity are largely unclear. This study provides a connection between crystallographic study and the functional significance of NDM-1, with an emphasis on the substrate specificity and catalysis of various β-lactams. L1 loop residues L
59
, V
67
, and W
87
were important for the activity of NDM-1, most likely through maintaining the partial folding of the L1 loop or active site conformation through hydrophobic interaction with the R groups of β-lactams or the β-lactam ring. Substitution of alanine for L
59
showed greater reduction of MICs to ampicillin and selected cephalosporins, whereas substitutions of alanine for V
67
had more impact on the MICs of carbapenems. K
224
and N
233
on the L3 loop played important roles in the recognition of substrate and contributed to substrate hydrolysis. These data together with the structure comparison of the B1 and B2 subclasses of MBLs revealed that the broad substrate specificity of NDM-1 could be due to the ability of its wide active site cavity to accommodate a wide range of β-lactams. This study provides insights into the development of efficient inhibitors for NDM-1 and offers an efficient tactic with which to study the substrate specificities of other β-lactamases.
Activity of Praziquantel Enantiomers and Main Metabolites against Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Meister Isabel , Ingram-Sieber Katrin , Cowan Noemi , Todd Matthew , Robertson Murray N. , Meli Claudia , Patra Malay , Gasser Gilles , Keiser Jennifer 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

A racemic mixture of
R
and
S
enantiomers of praziquantel (PZQ) is currently the treatment of choice for schistosomiasis. Though the
S
enantiomer and the metabolites are presumed to contribute only a little to the activity of the drug, in-depth side-by-side studies are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the
in vitro
activities of PZQ and its main metabolites, namely,
R
- and
S-cis
- and
R
- and
S-trans
-4′-hydroxypraziquantel, against adult worms and newly transformed schistosomula (NTS). Additionally, we explored the
in vivo
activity and hepatic shift (i.e., the migration of the worms to the liver) produced by each PZQ enantiomer in mice. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations of
R
-PZQ,
S
-PZQ, and
R-trans
- and
R-cis
-4′-hydroxypraziquantel of 0.02, 5.85, 4.08, and 2.42 μg/ml, respectively, for adult
S. mansoni
were determined
in vitro. S-trans
- and
S-cis
-4′-hydroxypraziquantel were not active at 100 μg/ml. These results are consistent with microcalorimetry data and studies with NTS.
In vivo
, single 400-mg/kg oral doses of
R
-PZQ and
S
-PZQ achieved worm burden reductions of 100 and 19%, respectively. Moreover, worms treated
in vivo
with
S
-PZQ displayed an only transient hepatic shift and returned to the mesenteric veins within 24 h. Our data confirm that
R
-PZQ is the main effector molecule, while
S
-PZQ and the metabolites do not play a significant role in the antischistosomal properties of PZQ.
Derivatives of the Mouse Cathelicidin-Related Antimicrobial Peptide (CRAMP) Inhibit Fungal and Bacterial Biofilm Formation
Authors: De Brucker Katrijn , Delattin Nicolas , Robijns Stijn , Steenackers Hans , Verstraeten Natalie , Landuyt Bart , Luyten Walter , Schoofs Liliane , Dovgan Barbara , Fröhlich Mirjam , Michiels Jan , Vanderleyden Jos , Cammue Bruno P. A. , Thevissen Karin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

We identified a 26-amino-acid truncated form of the 34-amino-acid cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) in the islets of Langerhans of the murine pancreas. This peptide, P318, shares 67% identity with the LL-37 human antimicrobial peptide. As LL-37 displays antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity, we tested antifungal and antibiofilm activity of P318 against the fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
. P318 shows biofilm-specific activity as it inhibits
C. albicans
biofilm formation at 0.15 μM without affecting planktonic survival at that concentration. Next, we tested the
C. albicans
biofilm-inhibitory activity of a series of truncated and alanine-substituted derivatives of P318. Based on the biofilm-inhibitory activity of these derivatives and the length of the peptides, we decided to synthesize the shortened alanine-substituted peptide at position 10 (AS10; KLKKIAQKIKNFFQKLVP). AS10 inhibited
C. albicans
biofilm formation at 0.22 μM and acted synergistically with amphotericin B and caspofungin against mature biofilms. AS10 also inhibited biofilm formation of different bacteria as well as of fungi and bacteria in a mixed biofilm. In addition, AS10 does not affect the viability or functionality of different cell types involved in osseointegration of an implant, pointing to the potential of AS10 for further development as a lead peptide to coat implants.
High
In Vitro
Activity of the Novel Spiropyrimidinetrione AZD0914, a DNA Gyrase Inhibitor, against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates Suggests a New Effective Option for Oral Treatment of Gonorrhea
Authors: Jacobsson Susanne , Golparian Daniel , Alm Richard A. , Huband Michael , Mueller John , Jensen Jorgen Skov , Ohnishi Makoto , Unemo Magnus 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the activity of the novel spiropyrimidinetrione AZD0914 (DNA gyrase inhibitor) against clinical gonococcal isolates and international reference strains (
n
= 250), including strains with diverse multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance. The AZD0914 MICs were substantially lower than those of most other currently or previously recommended antimicrobials. AZD0914 should be further evaluated, including
in vitro
selection,
in vivo
emergence and mechanisms of resistance, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in humans, optimal dosing, and performance, in appropriate randomized and controlled clinical trials.
Impact of Third-Generation-Cephalosporin Administration in Hatcheries on Fecal Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance in Broilers and Layers
Authors: Baron Sandrine , Jouy Eric , Larvor Emeline , Eono Florent , Bougeard Stéphanie , Kempf Isabelle 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

We investigated the impact of the hatchery practice of administering third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) on the selection and persistence of 3GC-resistant
Escherichia coli
in poultry. We studied 15 3GC-treated (TB) and 15 non-3GC-treated (NTB) broiler flocks and 12 3GC-treated (TL) and 10 non-3GC-treated (NTL) future layer flocks. Fecal samples from each flock were sampled before arrival on the farm (day 0), on day 2, on day 7, and then twice more.
E. coli
isolates were isolated on MacConkey agar without antibiotics and screened for 3GC resistance, and any 3GC-resistant
E. coli
isolates were further analyzed. 3GC-resistant
E. coli
isolates were found in all 3GC-treated flocks on at least one sampling date. The percentages of 3GC-resistant
E. coli
isolates were significantly higher in TB (41.5%) than in NTB (19.5%) flocks and in TL (49.5%) than in NTL (24.5%) flocks. In the day 2 samples, more than 80% of the
E. coli
strains isolated were 3GC resistant. 3GC-resistant
E. coli
strains were still detected at the end of the follow-up period in 6 out of 27 3GC-treated and 5 out of 25 non-3GC-treated flocks. Many 3GC-resistant
E. coli
strains were resistant to tetracycline, and there were significant differences in the percentages of resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, or gentamicin between treated and nontreated flocks.
bla
CTX-M
and
bla
CMY-2
were the most frequently detected genes. These results clearly demonstrated that 3GC-resistant strains are introduced early in flocks and that the use of 3GC in hatcheries promotes the selection of 3GC-resistant
E. coli
. Measures must be implemented to avoid the spread and selection of 3GC-resistant strains.
Placental Transfer of Darunavir in an
Ex Vivo
Human Cotyledon Perfusion Model
Authors: Mandelbrot Laurent , Duro Dominique , Belissa Emilie , Peytavin Gilles 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Placental transfer of the HIV protease inhibitor darunavir was investigated in 5 term human cotyledons perfused with darunavir (1,000 ng/ml) in the maternal to fetal direction. The mean (± the standard deviation [SD]) fetal transfer rate (FTR) (fetal/maternal concentration at steady state from 30 to 90 min) was 15.0% ± 2.1%, and the mean (±SD) clearance index (darunavir FTR/antipyrine FTR) was 40.3% ± 5.8%. This shows that darunavir crosses the placenta at a relatively low rate, resulting in fetal exposure.
Cryptococcus gattii Infection Dampens Th1 and Th17 Responses by Attenuating Dendritic Cell Function and Pulmonary Chemokine Expression in the Immunocompetent Hosts
Authors: Angkasekwinai Pornpimon , Sringkarin Nuntarat , Supasorn Oratai , Fungkrajai Madtika , Wang Yui-Hsi , Chayakulkeeree Methee , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai , Angkasekwinai Nasikarn , Pattanapanyasat Kovit 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCryptococcal infections are primarily caused by two related fungal species:Cryptococcus neoformansandCryptococcus gattii. It is well known thatC. neoformansgenerally affects immunocompromised hosts; however,C. gattiiinfection can cause diseases in not only immunocompromised hosts but also immunocompetent individuals. While recent studies suggest thatC. gattiiinfection could dampen pulmonary neutrophil recruitment and inflammatory cytokine production in immunocompetent hosts, the impact ofC. gattiiinfection on the development of their adaptive T helper cell immune response has not been addressed. Here, we report thatC. neoformansinfection with highly virulent and less virulent strains preferentially induced pulmonary Th1 and Th17 immune responses in the host, respectively. However, fewer pulmonary Th1 and Th17 cells could be detected in mice infected withC. gattiistrains. Notably, dendritic cells (DC) in mice infected withC. gattiiexpressed much lower levels of surface MHC-II andIl12orIl23transcripts and failed to induce effective Th1 and Th17 differentiationin vitro. Furthermore, the expression levels ofIp10andCxcl9transcripts, encoding Th1-attracting chemokines, were significantly reduced in the lungs of mice infected with the highly virulentC. gattiistrain. Thus, our data suggest thatC. gattiiinfection dampens the DC-mediated effective Th1/Th17 immune responses and downregulates the pulmonary chemokine expression, thus resulting in the inability to mount protective immunity in immunocompetent hosts.
Downregulation of Chicken Interleukin-17 Receptor A during Eimeria Infection
Authors: Kim Woo H. , Jeong Jipseol , Park Ae R. , Yim Dongjean , Kim Suk , Chang Hong H. , Yang Seung-Hak , Kim Dong-Hee , Lillehoj Hyun S. , Min Wongi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Both interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and IL-17F are proinflammatory cytokines that have an important role in intestinal homeostasis via receptor signaling. These cytokines have been characterized in chickens, but very little is known about their receptors and their functional activity. We provide here the first description of the sequence analysis, bioactivity, and comparative expression analysis of chicken IL-17RA (chIL-17RA) in chickens infected with
Salmonella
and
Eimeria
, two major infectious agents of gastrointestinal diseases of poultry of economic importance. A full-length chIL-17RA cDNA with a 2,568-bp coding region was identified from chicken thymus cDNA. chIL-17RA shares ca. 46% identity with mammalian homologues and 29.2 to 31.5% identity with its piscine counterparts. chIL-17RA transcript expression was relatively high in the thymus and in the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. The chIL-17RA-specific small interfering RNA inhibits interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-1β mRNA expression in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (but not in DF-1 cells) stimulated with chIL-17A or chIL-17F. Interaction between chIL-17RA and chIL-17A was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Downregulation of chIL-17RA occurred in concanavalin A- or lipopolysaccharide-activated splenic lymphocytes but not in poly(I·C)-activated splenic lymphocytes. In
Salmonella
- and
Eimeria
-infected chickens, the expression levels of the chIL-17RA transcript were downregulated in intestinal tissues from chickens infected with two
Eimeria
species,
E. tenella
or
E. maxima
, that preferentially infect the cecum and jejunum, respectively. However, chIL-17RA expression was generally unchanged in
Salmonella
infection. These results suggest that chIL-17RA has an important role in mucosal immunity to intestinal intracellular parasite infections such as
Eimeria
infection.