bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a raise boring reamer in operation based on acceleration measurements
Authors: Rigler Matthias , Speck Raphael , Flora Matthias 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe understanding of the complex dynamic phenomena occurring during the reaming operations of the raise boring process is limited. Any operational damage of the reamer is very likely to be caused by component failure due to fatigue effects from the dynamic processes. Therefore, an innovative measurement setup consisting of acceleration sensors in three axes was installed on a reamer to capture its movements and vibrations during operation. The capture of the reaming process by acceleration sensors was successful, however no operational damage on the reamer was observed during the reaming of three vertical shafts. The collected vibration data was implemented into a dynamic finite element assessment, which is intended to serve for lifetime predictions of components and predictive maintenance. A further step is investigating the potential for the implementation of the measurement data into a condition monitoring system and for optimizing the reaming operation.
Revisiting the Mechanism of Asymmetric Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Carbo‐Carboxylation with CO2: The Additives Affect the Product Selectivity
Authors: Pavlovic Ljiljana , Carvalho Bjørn , Hopmann Kathrin H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe mechanistic details of the asymmetric Ni‐catalyzed reductive cyclization/carboxylation of alkenes with CO2 have been revisited using DFT methods. Emphasis was put on the enantioselectivity and the mechanistic role of Lewis acid additives and in situ formed salts. Our results show that oxidative addition of the substrate is rate‐limiting, with the formed Ni(II)‐aryl intermediate preferring a triplet spin state. After reduction to Ni(I), enantioselective cyclization of the substrate occurs, followed by inner sphere carboxylation. Our proposed mechanism reproduces the experimentally observed enantiomeric excess and identifies critical C−H/O and C−H/N interactions that affect the selectivity. Further, our results highlight the beneficial effect of Lewis acids on CO2 insertion and suggest that in situ formed salts influence if the 5‐exo or 6‐endo product will be formed.
Chiral Acetal‐Based Stereo‐Controlled Degradable Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Song Dayong , Koo Bonwoo , Kang Houng , Seo Kyeongdeok , Kim Choeljae 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe precise synthesis of chiral polymers remains a significant challenge in polymer chemistry, particularly for applications in advanced biomedical and electronic materials. The development of degradable polymers is important for eco‐friendly and advanced materials. Here, we introduce a stereo‐controlled degradable polymer via cascade enyne metathesis polymerization and enantioselective acetal synthesis through Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroamination. This approach allows for the creation of chiral acetal‐based polymers with controlled stereochemistry and degradability, highlighting their potential for use in drug delivery and electronic applications. This concept article reviews the background, development, and potential applications of these stereo‐controlled degradable polymers.
A Phosphorus‐Centred, Zirconocene‐Bridged Tetraradical: Synthesis, Structure and Application as Molecular Double Switch
Authors: Fritz Peter , AlHamwi Hanan , Villinger Alexander , Michalik Dirk , Bresien Jonas , Reiß Fabian , Beweries Torsten , Schulz Axel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBiradicals are important intermediates in the formation and breaking of a chemical bond. Their use as molecular switches is of particular interest. Much less is known about tetraradicals, which can, for example, consist of two biradical(oid) units. Here we report the synthesis of the first persistent phosphorus‐centred tetraradical bound to a transition metal fragment. Starting from a zirconocene complex, rac‐(ebthi)ZrCl2 (rac‐(ebthi)=1,2‐ethylene‐1,10‐bis(η5‐tetrahydroindenyl), two cyclo‐1,3‐diphospha‐pentane‐1,3‐diyls were successfully introduced, which finally led to the isolation of a deep green zirconcene‐bridged bis(biradicaloid) complex (5) that can act as a double molecular switch. Under the influence of light (570 nm), this tetraradical forms a transannular bond in each of the two five‐membered biradical units, leading to the formation of housane 5 h. Upon irradiation at 415 nm, the reverse reaction is observed, fully recovering tetraradical 5. Through single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation, both stable species of the molecular switch could be structurally characterised using SCXRD. The switching under the influence of light and the activation of molecular hydrogen were analysed in solution using NMR and UV spectroscopy. It was found that the addition of one or two equivalents of molecular hydrogen can be switched on and off by light.
Unified closure relationship for slug liquid holdup
Authors: Soto‐Cortes Gabriel , Pereyra Eduardo , Sarica Cem 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSlug flow is a common flow pattern in pipes operating with gas–liquid mixtures. The slug flow's periodic behaviour affects the performance of multiphase transportation systems, which is generally predicted using mechanistic models. Mechanistic models are based on one‐dimensional mass and momentum conservation equations and require additional relationships to define a complete system of equations. These additional equations are usually called closure relationships. The slug liquid holdup () is one of the required closure relationships. In this paper a unified closure model for is proposed considering the energy balance and the interaction between inertial, gravitational, viscous, and surface tension forces. The model parameters' behaviour is described as a function of a new dimensionless number. The experimental data analysis shows that this number can quantitatively define two flow categories: ‘low viscosity flow’ and ‘medium/high viscosity flow’. Slug liquid holdup changes its behaviour in these regions due to the predominance of inertial–surface tension forces or gravitational–viscous forces, respectively. The proposed closure performs better than the existing mechanistic and empirical models.
A Phase 1, Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Single Ascending Dose Trial of AWZ1066S, an Anti‐Wolbachia Candidate Macrofilaricide
Authors: Devereux Graham , Bula Marcin , Tripp Karen , Fitzgerald Richard , Eraut Nicola , Alam Muhammad Salman , Moriyama Tomoyuki , Shinkyo Raku , Walker Lauren , Wang Duolao , Gusovsky Fabian , van der Velde Jeannette , Turner Joseph D. , Hong Weiqian David , O'Neill Paul M. , Taylor Mark J. , Ward Stephen A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAWZ1066S has been developed as a potential treatment for the neglected tropical diseases lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. AWZ1066S targets the Wolbachia bacterial endosymbiont present in the causative nematode parasites. This phase 1, first‐in‐human study aimed to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of AWZ1066S in healthy human participants. In a randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single ascending dose study, healthy adults received a single oral dose of AWZ1066S (or placebo) and were followed up for 10 days. The planned single doses of AWZ1066S ranged from 100 to 1600 mg, and each dose was administered to a cohort of 8 participants (6 AWZ1066S and 2 placebo). In total 30 people participated, 18 (60%) female, median age 30.0 years (minimum 20, maximum 61). The cohorts administered 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg of AWZ1066S progressed unremarkably. After single 700‐mg doses all 4 participants developed symptoms of acute gastritis and transient increases in liver enzymes. The severity of these adverse events ranged from mild to severe, with 1 participant needing hospital admission. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that AWZ1066S is rapidly absorbed with predictable pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, safety concerns prevented this study from reaching the human exposures needed for AWZ1066S to be clinically effective against lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis.
Unified Protocol Versus Self‐Acceptance Group Therapy for Emotional Disorders in People With Severe Shame
Authors: Mohajerin Banafsheh , Howard Richard C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSevere shame is a distressing negative emotion, accompanied by intense feelings of worthlessness that contributes to a broad panoply of psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effects on shame dysregulation of two transdiagnostic treatments, the Unified Protocol (UP) and Self‐Acceptance Group Therapy (SAGT). We additionally addressed the question of whether borderline personality disorder (BPD) can properly be regarded as an emotional disorder. The focus was on outcome measures, primarily shame that cut across individual diagnostic categories and capture emotional dysfunction broadly conceived.MethodsIndividuals suffering from a range of emotional disorders (including BPD) and high levels of shame were randomly allocated to treatment by either UP (N = 280) or SAGT (N = 282). Outcomes were measures of emotion dysfunction—shame, loneliness, neuroticism, emotional dysregulation, positive and negative affect—measured pre‐treatment, post‐treatment and at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐ups.ResultsUP was superior to SAGT in showing better post‐treatment retention of therapeutic gains on all outcome measures over the 6‐month follow‐up period. Compared with those without a BPD diagnosis, those diagnosed with BPD showed significantly higher neuroticism and emotion dysregulation at baseline and a similar post‐treatment reduction in almost all outcomes.ConclusionsThe results support the use of both the UP and SAGT in the treatment of severe shame. The superiority of the UP over SAGT in reducing negative emotionality is interpreted in terms of the specific mechanisms targeted by the UP. The results provide support for the theoretical rationale for the UP as a treatment for dysregulated shame and for emotional dysfunction generally.
Optimization of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Protocols in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Kudman Sarah , Semaan Alissa , Assaad Majd Al , Gogineni Swarna , Martin M. Laura , Mathew Susan , Elemento Olivier , Wilkes David C. , Mosquera Juan Miguel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a cytogenetic assay that is widely used in both clinical and research settings to validate genetic aberrations. Simple in principle, it is based on denaturation and hybridization of a DNA probe and its complementary sequence; however, it is subject to continuous optimization. Here we share how in‐house FISH can be optimized using different control tissues to visualize and ultimately validate common and novel genetic abnormalities unearthed by next‐generation sequencing (NGS). Seven specific FISH probes were designed and labeled, and conditions for eight tissue types and one patient‐derived tumor organoid were optimized. Formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue slides were used for each experiment. Slides were first deparaffinized, then placed in a pretreatment solution followed by a digestion step. In‐house FISH probes were then added to the tissue to be denatured and hybridized, and then washed twice. To obtain optimal results, probe concentration, pepsin incubation time, denaturation, and the two post‐hybridization washes were optimized for each sample. By modifying the above conditions, all FISH experiments were optimized in separate tissue types to investigate specific genomic alterations in tumors arising in those tissues. Signals were clear and distinct, allowing for visualization of the selected probes. Following this protocol, our lab has quickly optimized 11 directly labeled in‐house FISH probes to support genetic aberrations nominated by NGS, including most recent discoveries through whole‐genome sequencing analyses. We describe a robust approach of how to advance in‐house labeled FISH probes. By following these guidelines, reliable and reproducible FISH results can be obtained to interrogate FFPE slides from benign, tumor tissues, and patient‐derived tumor organoid specimens. This is of most relevance in the era of NGS and precision oncology. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Metaphase FISH optimizationSupport Protocol 1: In‐house probe labeling and preparationSupport Protocol 2: Metaphase spread preparationBasic Protocol 2: Optimization of FISH on formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue
Practical downlink satellite‐FSO/RF cooperative relays: Performance analysis and LSTM prediction
Authors: Goel Anu , Bhatia Richa , Upadhya Abhijeet 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe present research work aims to investigate the reliability of the mixed free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) decode‐and‐forward (DF) relaying system where the satellite intends to communicate with the ground station through the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as the relay node. Moreover, it has been considered that a second UAV interferes with the intended UAV. The operation of the UAVs has been represented considering the small scale fading, path loss, 3‐D location, and probability of maintaining line‐of‐sight (LoS) and non line of sight (NLoS) links, while FSO link undergoes Malaga distributed turbulence. Using the aforementioned model, the closed form expressions for the outage probability and bit error rate (BER) have been derived. The exact expressions have been extended to obtain the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) results for the outage probability and BER. The analytical expressions have been numerically evaluated and the results obtained through these expressions have been verified using the Monte Carlo simulations. More importantly, long short‐term memory (LSTM)‐based deep learning model has been trained for prediction of outage probability. The model is trained offline and then utilized to predict the values of the outage probability in online mode with mean square error (MSE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of MSE = −45.02 and RMSE = −18.34 dB.
Aluminum vacancy‐rich MOF‐derived carbon nanosheets for high‐capacity and long‐life aqueous aluminum‐ion battery
Authors: Jin Jiuzeng , Zhang Ruiying , Zhi Xiaodong , Liu Dongxin , Wang Yun , Feng Zhongmin , Sun Ting 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEco‐friendly and safe aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries as energy storage devices with low economic burden, high stability and fast ion transport have been lucubrated deeply in response to the call for sustainable development. However, the poor cycle performance caused by difficult (de‐)intercalation hinders the development prospect. In this work, the aluminum vacancy‐rich MOF‐derived carbon is constructed to achieve reversible aluminum storage during the charge‐discharge cycles. The MOF‐derived carbon with anti‐stacking waxberry‐like structure exhibits high capacity (282.1 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1) and long cycle performance (84.4% capacity retention rate at 1 A g−1 after 5000 cycles). Further investigations demonstrate that (de‐)intercalation occurs among the vacancies of carbon nanosheets in the form of hydrated aluminum ions. Meanwhile, the introduced nitrogen as energy storage sites contributes part of the capacity. The proposed aluminum vacancy engineering improves the current situation of the capacitive energy storage mode for 2D carbon materials, which may exploit an advanced theoretical model for the design of aqueous batteries.
Crop use structures resource selection strategies for African elephants in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Hahn Nathan R. , Wall Jake , Deninger‐Snyder Kristen , Tiedeman Kate , Sairowua Wilson , Goss Marc , Ndambuki Stephan , Eblate Ernest , Mbise Noel , Wittemyer George 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo conserve wide‐ranging species in degraded landscapes, it is essential to understand how the behavior of animals changes in relation to the degree and composition of modification. Evidence suggests that large inter‐individual variation exists in the propensity for use of degraded areas and may be driven by both behavioral and landscape factors. The use of cultivated lands by wildlife is of particular interest, given the importance of reducing human‐wildlife conflicts and understanding how such areas can function as biodiversity buffers. African elephant space use can be highly influenced by human activity and the degree to which individuals crop‐raid. We analyzed GPS data from 56 free‐ranging elephants in the Serengeti‐Mara Ecosystem using resource selection functions (RSFs) to assess how crop use may drive patterns of resource selection and space use within a population. We quantified drivers of similarity in resource selection across individuals using proximity analysis of individual RSF coefficients derived from random forest models. We found wide variation in RSF coefficient values between individuals indicating strongly differentiated resource selection strategies. Proximity assessment indicated the degree of crop use in the dry season, individual repeatability, and time spent in unprotected areas drove similarity in resource selection patterns. Crop selection was also spatially structured in relation to agricultural fragmentation. In areas with low fragmentation, elephants spent less time in crops and selected most strongly for crops further from protected area boundaries, but in areas of high fragmentation, elephants spent twice as much time in crops and selected most strongly for crops closer to the protected area boundary. Our results highlight how individual differences and landscape structure can shape use of agricultural landscapes. We discuss our findings in respect to the conservation challenges of human‐elephant conflict and incorporating behavioral variation into human‐wildlife coexistence efforts.
Multiple paternity, fertilization success, and male quality: Mating system variation in the eelgrass, Zostera marina
Authors: Sgambelluri Lauren R. , Jarvis Jessie C. , Kamel Stephanie J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenetic diversity can modulate a population's response to a changing environment and plays a critical role in its ecological function. While multiple processes act to maintain genetic diversity, sexual reproduction remains the primary driving force. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is an important habitat‐forming species found in temperate coastal ecosystems across the globe. Recent increases in sea surface temperatures have resulted in shifts to a mixed‐annual life‐history strategy (i.e., displaying characteristics of both annual and perennial meadows) at its southern edge‐of‐range. Given that mating systems are intimately linked to standing levels of genetic variation, understanding the scope of sexual reproduction can illuminate the processes that shape genetic diversity. To characterize edge‐of‐range eelgrass mating systems, developing seeds on flowering Z. marina shoots were genotyped from three meadows in Topsail, North Carolina. In all meadows, levels of multiple mating were high, with shoots pollinated by an average of eight sires (range: 3–16). The number of fertilized seeds (i.e., reproductive success) varied significantly across sires (range: 1–25) and was positively correlated with both individual heterozygosity and self‐fertilization. Outcrossing rates were high (approx. 70%) and varied across spathes. No clones were detected, and kinship among sampled flowering shoots was low, supporting observed patterns of reproductive output. Given the role that genetic diversity plays in enhancing resistance to and resilience from ecological disturbance, disentangling the links between life history, sexual reproduction, and genetic variation will aid in informing the management and conservation of this key foundation species.
Social risk to infant: The role of kin for maternal visual monitoring in Tibetan macaques
Authors: Liu Shen‐Qi , Tian Hong‐Wei , Ren Sen , Sun Wen‐Kai , Fan Peng‐Lai , Xia Dong‐Po , Sun Bing‐Hua , Li Jin‐Hua , Wang Xi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMaternal monitoring of conspecifics is a crucial anti‐predator strategy that also protects infants against risks within the social group. This study examines how maternal characteristics, infant characteristics, mother–infant distance, and the social environment affect maternal monitoring behaviors in free‐ranging Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana). We observed 12 females with infants and analyzed their visual monitoring patterns. Our findings indicate that maternal rank significantly influences the time allocated to maternal visual monitoring, higher‐ranking mothers spending less time than lower‐ranking mothers. Maternal experience also played a role in monitoring strategies. Differences in monitoring strategies were observed based on maternal experience: first‐time mothers (primiparity) engaged in longer but less frequent monitoring sessions compared to experienced mothers (multiparity). The time and frequency of maternal monitoring decreased as infants aged, and mothers with male infants showed higher levels of monitoring than those with female infants. The distance between mother and infant also affected visual monitoring behavior, with mothers increasing their monitoring levels when infants were nearby (1–5 m), rather than within reach (0–1 m) or beyond nearby (>5 m). Additionally, the presence of kin and non‐kin influenced monitoring: as the number of nearby kin increased, monitoring levels decreased, while the presence of more non‐kin males led to an increase in monitoring time, and higher‐ranking non‐kin neighbors increased the frequency of monitoring. These results suggest that Tibetan macaque mothers can adapt their visual monitoring to the social risks faced by their infants, adjusting their strategies to their status and the needs of their offspring.
Habitat loss and simplification lower arthropod richness but not diversity
Authors: Scott Erin V. , Almeida Ryan , McKlin Sam , Lippert Alston Lee , Clary Jake , Vargas Carlos , Hidell Will , Wadgymar Susana , Smith Kevin G. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHabitat loss is rarely truly random and often occurs selectively with respect to the plant species comprising the habitat. Such selective habitat removal that decreases plant species diversity, that is, habitat simplification or homogenization, may have two negative effects on other species. First, the reduction in plant community size (number of individuals) represents habitat loss for species at higher trophic levels who use plants as habitat. Second, when plants are removed selectively, the resulting habitat simplification decreases the diversity of resources available to species at higher trophic levels. It follows that habitat loss combined with simplification will reduce biodiversity more than habitat loss without simplification. To test this, we experimentally implemented two types of habitat loss at the plant community level and compared biodiversity of resident arthropods between habitat loss types. In the first type of habitat loss, we reduced habitats by 50% nonselectively, maintaining original relative abundance and diversity of plant species and therefore habitat and resource diversity for arthropods. In the second type of habitat loss, we reduced habitats by 50% selectively, removing all but one common plant species, dramatically simplifying habitat and resources for arthropods. We replicated this experiment across three common plant species: Asclepias tuberosa, Solidago altissima, and Baptisia alba. While habitat loss with simplification reduced arthropod species richness compared with habitat loss without simplification, neither type of habitat loss affected diversity, measured as effective number of species (ENS), or species evenness as compared with controls. Instead, differences in ENS and evenness were explained by the identity of the common plant species. Our results indicate that the quality of remaining habitat, in our case plant species identity, may be more important for multi‐trophic diversity than habitat diversity per se.