bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Dual C−H Activation/Annulation Reactions Involving Internal Alkynes
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Karimtabar Mohammad Sadegh , Ghasemi Mehran , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, transition metal‐catalyzed ortho‐C−H bond activation/annulations involving two internal alkyne molecules have been extensively used to synthesize highly substituted polycyclic aromatic scaffolds. Such reactions have emerged as a powerful atom and step‐economical strategy for the assembly of multifunctional bioactive molecules. In this context, we focused on the recent achievements of dual C−H bond activation/annulations, as well as functionalization reactions involving diaryl/alkyl alkynes.
External auditory canal atresia affecting the horizontal canal of a 2‐year‐old Labrador Retriever dog
Authors: Phillips Katherine , Riggs Julia , Reading Mark , Herrtage Mike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, female neutered, Labrador Retriever dog was presented with left otalgia. Otoscopic examination revealed a blind ending left external ear canal. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an abrupt narrowing of the lateral aspect of the horizontal canal, medial to which the remaining horizontal ear canal and middle ear cavities contained well‐delineated, homogenous, T2w, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and T1w hyperintense, non‐contrast enhancing material. A diagnosis of external auditory canal atresia was made based on the imaging findings. Considering the patient's age and absence of preceding trauma, a congenital cause was considered most likely. Surgical treatment by way of a total ear canal ablation with lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. At the re‐check appointment, the surgical site had healed well and there were no associated complications noted; a telephone call with the owner 5 months later documented no clinical concerns.
Fractional dynamics of entropy generation in unsteady mixed convection of a reacting nanofluid over a slippery permeable plate in Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium
Authors: Makinde O. D. , Khan Zafar Hayat , Trounev Alexander , Khan Waqar A. , Ahmad Rashid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical investigation of the inherent irreversibility in unsteady fractional time derivative mixed convection of a reacting nanofluid with heat and mass transfer mechanism over a slippery permeable plate embedded in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium. The model fractional partial differential equations are obtained based on conservation laws and numerically solved using the implicit finite difference scheme. The study displays and discusses the effects of various emerging parameters on the overall flow structure, such as velocity profiles, temperature distribution, nanoparticles concentration profiles, skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, entropy generation rate, and Bejan number. It was found that an increase in dimensionless time and fractional parameters leads to a decrease in both the entropy generation rate and the Bejan number. The study revealed that fractional order derivatives can capture intrinsic memory effects, non‐local behaviour, and anomalous diffusion in the nanofluid flow process. This can ultimately lead to better engineering system design and control.
Operational Infrastructure to Ensure the Long-Term Sustainability of the International Height Reference System and Frame (IHRS/IHRF)
Authors: Sánchez Laura , Barzaghi Riccardo , Vergos George 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe International Association of Geodesy (IAG) introduced the International Height Reference System (IHRS) in 2015 as an international standard for the accurate determination of physical heights worldwide. Primary vertical coordinates are geopotential numbers referenced to a conventional W0 value. The realisation of the IHRS is the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF), which corresponds to a global network of reference stations with precise reference coordinates specified in the IHRS. The spatial position of the stations, at which the geopotential numbers are calculated, is defined by their respective coordinates (X, Y, Z) in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). The realisation of the IHRS is thus based on the combination of a geometric component, given by the positions of the stations in the ITRF, and a physical component, given by the determination of the potential values W at these positions. Through a strong international collaboration, framed by the IAG, it has been possible in recent years to pave the scientific foundations of the IHRS, to compute a first solution of the IHRF, and to identify the key requirements for a long-term sustainability of the IHRF. Much progress has been made and continuity is needed to ensure the maintenance and availability of the IHRF in the future. Following IAG practice, the development of theory and methods for the continuous improvement of the IHRS/IHRF should be promoted by the IAG Commissions and the Inter-Commission Committee on Theory (ICCT), while the operational performance should be ensured by the IAG Services. In this paper, we highlight the organisational challenges in maintaining the IHRS/IHRF, discuss how the existing gravity field related IAG Services could contribute to the IHRS/IHRF, and identify the elements needed to establish an operational infrastructure for the IHRS/IHRF that addresses the organisational challenges. Our proposal is to establish a central coordinating body under the responsibility of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS), composed of individual modules taking care of the main components of the IHRS/IHRF. The central management body is the IHRF Coordination Centre and its modules are the IHRF Reference Network Coordination, the IHRF Conventions’ Coordination, the IHRF Associate Analysis Centres, and the IHRF Combination Coordination. The IGFS presented this proposal to the IAG Executive Committee at its meeting on 10 December 2023 and it was unanimously approved. Thus, a new component of the IGFS dedicated to the IHRF has been created and will ensure the long-term availability and reliability of the IHRF.
Hourly Earth Rotation Parameter Series from GPS and Galileo Observations, and Estimations of Tidal Effects
Authors: Cheng Yuting , Bizouard Christian , Lambert Sébastien , Richard Jean-Yves 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe use the GINS/DYNAMO software to produce hourly time series of Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) from 2017 to 2022. Data from the American constellation GPS and the European constellation Galileo are used. Single solutions and combined solutions are produced and analyzed. The best spectral coherence between constellations lies in the retrograde semi-diurnal band. We also perform least-squares adjustments for main tidal frequencies and compare with those of previous works. A sliding window analysis reveals time variation of amplitudes of several main tides when adjusting on a selected set of frequencies.
A Geodetic Analysis of the Volume Transport in the ACC Region Based on Satellite Data
Authors: Vargas-Alemañy Juan A. , Vigo M. Isabel , García-García David , Zid Ferdous 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeostrophic currents, driven by the Coriolis and pressure gradient forces, are crucial for understanding ocean circulation. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) in the Southern Ocean, which surrounds Antarctica, has a significant global impact, and its volume transport (VT) remains a challenge to measure. We use satellite data, combining altimetry and gravity satellite missions, to estimate VT within the ACC region. Our study provides a comprehensive spatial and temporal analysis, including both barotropic and baroclinic VT components. The spatial analysis reveals a mean VT of 210.44 ± 3.4 Sv for the entire study area, with maxima near critical choke points. Focusing on the time-varying component, we identify a mean VT of 15.86 ± 0.05 Sv per 1° grid cell, a linear trend of −0.007 ± 0.002 Sv per month, and significant seasonal and biannual signals. The baroclinic component drives low-frequency variability, while the barotropic component controls high-frequency variability. We propose a specific ACC zonal VT of 201.63 ± 0.71 Sv. We validate our results with in situ measurements from the Drake Passage. In conclusion, our satellite-based approach provides valuable insights into the ACC VT. This methodological extension improves our understanding of the ocean circulation dynamics of the ACC and demonstrates the utility and robustness of satellite data in oceanographic research.
Terrestrial Datum Definition Methods in VLBI Global Solutions
Authors: Kern Lisa , Krásná Hana , Nothnagel Axel , Böhm Johannes , Madzak Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA geodetic datum describes the origin, orientation and scale of a station network, typically with respect to a reference frame. In the analysis process of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations, the introduction of a geodetic datum is inevitable for the determination of precise reference frames and Earth orientation parameters (EOP). In general, several methods of datum definition exist within the VLBI community, including Helmert rendering and the no-net-translation/no-net-rotation (NNT/NNR) approach. While the first introduces conditions with quasi-infinite weight, the NNT/NNR method can be controlled by the selection of formal errors. Evaluations of the CONT17 legacy-1 campaign and a longer time series of IVS 24-hour sessions show that the variance information (formal errors) of the estimated terrestrial reference frames based on the different methods can differ in the mm to almost cm range. Neglecting this issue could lead to potential issues when combining or comparing solutions from different analysis centers.
Cultural-Historical Digital Methodologies: The Dialectics of Crisis and Research Innovation
Authors: Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Fleer Marilyn , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Sadownik Alicja , Rai Prabhat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis book brings forward concepts to support a cultural-historical digital methodology. Specifically, this chapter draws on the dialectics of crisis to articulate a series of research innovations that are presented throughout the book. The chapter outlines the theorising of the methods, and discusses the concepts of e-motion, cultural-historical loop model and builds on the legacy of a wholeness approach to elaborate how the original concepts introduced by Mariane Hedegaard work in digital contexts. Crisis as a dialectical relation between an everyday and scientific reading are foregrounded in this chapter, and through this lens the chapter presents a scholarly contribution across the three broad principles of dialectics, historicity, and cultural-historical practice-centred science in times of crisis.
Not Just Data: Analysing Visual Narratives of Children in Research and the Quest for “Micro-ethical” Moments
Authors: Dardanou Maria , Palaiologou Ioanna , Kewalramani Sarika 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe chapter is based on a transnational small-scale research project in England, Norway, and Australia. The project aimed to examine how children are using IoToys at home with make-believe play and to investigate types of interactions/behaviours within their make-believe play in digital playscapes. Using digital methods for data collection based on visual methodologies principles, underpinning the synergy of cultural-historical theory and schema play concepts, we analyse digital episodes of children’s play with IoToys to demonstrate our analytical protocol. We discuss the complexities of visually capturing children’s lived experiences. Finally, we examine some of the challenges of analysing audio and visual recordings and conclude by suggesting that visual methodologies offer potentialities for rich data that capture the lived experiences of children but require to be approached as a cultural tool where the researchers should seek for signs, schemes, symbols and ethical “micro-moments”.
When Early Childhood Teacher Education Becomes a Hologram: Innovating Motives and Uninnovating Dilemmas
Authors: Sadownik Alicja R. , Haukenes Marie Brandvoll , Hjelle Kristine , Sollesnes Birgitte Ivarhus , Sjursen Kjerstin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOn March 12, 2020, all university campuses in Norway shut down due to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Norwegian government then provided institutions of higher education with policy guidelines informing them that they were expected to develop alternative, digitalised forms of teaching to enable their students to continue and complete their studies without delay. This demand reduced the university to a hologram amid the expectation of an uninterrupted continuation of its educational programmes. This situation forced individual teachers to employ innovative thinking and led to institutional (re-)searches for new activity settings that could be established in the digitalised university. These individual and institutional (re-)searches anchored on the motive of continuation are the focus of this chapter. Even though digitalisation was reported by the Norwegian government as successful, we see it as tantamount to a reduction of learning and as ‘dissituated’ learning and thus argue for careful innovations extending the activity settings of professional socialisation.
Digitalizing Internationalization for Cross-Cultural Collaboration in Early Childhood Education during COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons Learned from the UTFORSK Project
Authors: Hu Aihua , Birkeland Åsta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis has posed unprecedented challenges to every aspect of lives across the globe. The cross-cultural collaboration project (UTFORSK) including Norwegian and Chinese early childhood education researchers and practitioners reported in this chapter is no exception. Although challenged, we grasped this opportunity to utilize digital platforms in an innovative way to keep the collaboration sustainable and resilient. We conducted digital workshops in addition to the traditional use of digital platforms for information sharing and communications. This practice has enabled a closer relationship between ongoing professional development and research on education for sustainability. Taking a departure from a project titled Our Neighborhood designed prior to the COVID-19 crisis, we hold a series of digital workshops to share stories, photos, plans, and other artifacts as well as to listen to each other and discuss different aims, conditions, and implementations of each local kindergarten’s project. This chapter aims to present how this cross-cultural collaboration worked through digitalization, especially through a series of digital workshops during the COVID-19 crisis when face-to-face meetings are impossible. It also aims to explore how digitally collected data are used to inform further action. Cultural-historical approach is used to guide the presentation of this chapter. The chapter ultimately aspires to illuminate how to integrate digitalization into internationalization for cross-cultural collaboration in the early childhood education context and beyond.
Closing Remarks on Innovations and Theorisations of an Educational Experiment
Authors: Fleer Marilyn , Fragkiadaki Glykeria , Ødegaard Elin Eriksen , Rai Prabhat , Sadownik Alicja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter concludes our book—a book dedicated to the theorisation of an educational experiment but does so in relation to digital methods. The methods presented across the chapters on this book foreground the many ways an educational experiment can be undertaken. The methods are all in response to the societal and global conditions of a global pandemic. Theorised methods bring forward a system of concepts that enable a digital educational experiment to proceed under conditions of crisis, contradiction, and drama. Hedegaard’s writings on an educational experiment, and the new methods presented across the book and discussed in this chapter, bring closure for the concepts of motives and demands in relation to digital environments and interactions, where time, space, and physicality are virtually defined and enabled. Key points for meeting future challenges, dramas, and crises with digital agility are foregrounded in this chapter.
Two-loop integrals for $$ t\overline{t} $$+jet production at hadron colliders in the leading colour approximation
Authors: Badger Simon , Becchetti Matteo , Giraudo Nicolò , Zoia Simone 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute the differential equations for the two remaining integral topologies contributing to the leading colour two-loop amplitudes for pp → $$ t\overline{t}j $$
t

t
¯

j
. We derive differential equations for the master integrals by solving the integration-by-parts identities over finite fields. Of the two systems of differential equations, one is presented in canonical ‘d log’ form, while the other is found to have an elliptic sector. For the elliptic topology we identify the relevant elliptic curve, and present the differential equations in a more general form which depends quadratically on ε and contains non-logarithmic one-forms in addition to the canonical d log’s. We solve the systems of differential equations numerically using generalised series expansions with the boundary terms obtained using the auxiliary mass flow method. A summary of all one-loop and two-loop planar topologies is presented including the list of alphabet letters for the ‘d log’ form systems and high-precision boundary values.
The U-Matrix geometrical model for multi-particle production in high-energy hadronic collisions
Authors: Oueslati Rami , Trabelsi Adel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the picture portraying the KNO scaling violation as an extension of the geometrical scaling violation, the current study proposes a phenomenological model for multi-particle production in hadron collisions based on the geometrical approach and using the U-Matrix unitarization scheme of the scattering amplitude. The model has been fine-tuned and all parameters have been derived from optimal fits to various hadronic multiplicity distributions data in p + $$ p\left(\overline{p}\right) $$
p

p
¯

collisions across a broad range of energies. The results have revealed that our model furnishes a reasonable description of diverse multiplicity distributions at various energies. Besides, they have demonstrated a pronounced violation of the geometrical scaling, which eventually resulted in a significant violation of the KNO scaling. The study has also analyzed the higher-order moments of the multiplicity distribution. We have observed an unexpected overestimation of the fluctuations and correlations between final state particles with increasing energy, particularly above LHC energy. It is claimed that this overestimation is due to statistical fluctuations embedded in the U-matrix scheme. The findings of this study have shed light on the key role of the U-matrix scheme in the impact of collision geometry on multi-particle production processes at high energy.
Active learning for adaptive surrogate model improvement in high-dimensional problems
Authors: Guo Yulin , Nath Paromita , Mahadevan Sankaran , Witherell Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a novel approach to efficiently construct and improve surrogate models in problems with high-dimensional input and output. In this approach, the principal components and corresponding features of the high-dimensional output are first identified. For each feature, the active subspace technique is used to identify a corresponding low-dimensional subspace of the input domain; then a surrogate model is built for each feature in its corresponding active subspace. A low-dimensional adaptive learning strategy is proposed to identify training samples to improve the surrogate model. In contrast to existing adaptive learning methods that focus on a scalar output or a small number of outputs, this paper addresses adaptive learning with high-dimensional input and output, with a novel learning function that balances exploration and exploitation, i.e., considering unexplored regions and high-error regions, respectively. The adaptive learning is in terms of the active variables in the low-dimensional space, and the newly added training samples can be easily mapped back to the original space for running the expensive physics model. The proposed method is demonstrated for the numerical simulation of an additive manufacturing part, with a high-dimensional field output quantity of interest (residual stress) in the component that has spatial variability due to the stochastic nature of multiple input variables (including process variables and material properties). Various factors in the adaptive learning process are investigated, including the number of training samples, range and distribution of the adaptive training samples, contributions of various errors, and the importance of exploration versus exploitation in the learning function.
Feudal political economy
Authors: Desierto Desiree A. , Koyama Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHow is order achieved in a realm in which every elite commands both economic and military resources, and no stable institutions of power exist? We depict coalition formation in the feudal world as a series of non-binding agreements between elites who can move in and out of the coalition, through peaceful and violent means. We derive conditions under which the realm unites under one rule — a grand coalition, or remains fragmented. We motivate our analysis with key historical episodes in medieval Europe, from the Frankish Kingdom in the 5th to 10th centuries and England in the 11th to 15th centuries.
Machine learning enables automated screening for systematic reviews and meta-analysis in urology
Authors: Menold H.S. , Wieland V.L.S , Haney C.M. , Uysal D. , Wessels F. , Cacciamani G.C. , Michel M.S. , Seide S. , Kowalewski K.F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate and implement semiautomated screening for meta-analyses (MA) in urology under consideration of class imbalance.

Methods
Machine learning algorithms were trained on data from three MA with detailed information of the screening process. Different methods to account for class imbalance (Sampling (up- and downsampling, weighting and cost-sensitive learning), thresholding) were implemented in different machine learning (ML) algorithms (Random Forest, Logistic Regression with Elastic Net Regularization, Support Vector Machines). Models were optimized for sensitivity. Besides metrics such as specificity, receiver operating curves, total missed studies, and work saved over sampling were calculated.

Results
During training, models trained after downsampling achieved the best results consistently among all algorithms. Computing time ranged between 251 and 5834 s. However, when evaluated on the final test data set, the weighting approach performed best. In addition, thresholding helped to improve results as compared to the standard of 0.5. However, due to heterogeneity of results no clear recommendation can be made for a universal sample size. Misses of relevant studies were 0 for the optimized models except for one review.

Conclusion
It will be necessary to design a holistic methodology that implements the presented methods in a practical manner, but also takes into account other algorithms and the most sophisticated methods for text preprocessing. In addition, the different methods of a cost-sensitive learning approach can be the subject of further investigations.