bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preservice teacher education stakeholders' perceptions of distributed pedagogical leadership in nurturing teacher leadership
Authors: Okiri Peter Ochieng , Hercz Mária 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe need for quality teaching and improved student learning outcomes has been an area of interest in educational leadership studies in various contexts. The emergent distributed pedagogical leadership is based on a hybrid of distributed leadership and pedagogical leadership concepts. This study aimed to explore the participants' perceptions and understanding of the enactment of the concept, its influence on pedagogical improvement and its significance in the nurturing of stakeholders as teacher leaders. The study was conducted at a preservice public teacher training college in Kenya. It employed a mixed‐methods research approach with a convergent parallel design to collect, analyse and triangulate data from 294 participants consisting of a principal, teacher–trainers and teacher–trainees. Random purposive sampling was used in identifying the participants. The findings revealed that although the distribution of pedagogical leadership responsibilities was enacted among stakeholders, it was unevenly shared. Furthermore, understaffing, low teacher–trainee enrolment and teacher–trainer workload challenges inhibited effective implementation. The study recommended that further studies be conducted at multiple teacher–trainee institutions to confirm the findings.
Effects of soil moisture on soil viral reproductive strategies in an agricultural soil
Authors: Wu Hanqing , Ma Zechao , Ruan Chujin , Hu Wei , Han Miao , Wan Wei , Wang Yingying , Zvomuya Francis , Liang Chao , Liu Ying , Wang Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenomic evidence suggests that lysogenic viruses significantly influence the evolution of their host communities and soil microbial ecology and functionality. However, the response of soil viral reproductive strategies (VRS) to environmental factors, in particular soil water stress, remains poorly understood. We investigated this by employing a laboratory microcosm incubation system with different soil moisture levels (30%, 60% and 90% field capacity). Our study focused on soil biochemical properties, bacterial and viral populations, lysogenic fractions and virus/bacteria ratio (VBR). The results showed that soil moisture significantly affected bacterial and viral counts, lysogenic fractions and VBR (p < 0.01), with bacterial counts increasing and viral counts decreasing with increasing soil moisture. The lysogenic fraction peaked at low moisture, suggesting a shift in viral strategy under hydration stress, which may affect virus‐bacteria interactions and nutrient dynamics, enhancing host adaptability. Analyses using correlation, random forest and structural equation modelling identified soil moisture as the dominant factor shaping VRS by altering nutrient availability and host population. These findings provide a new insight into microbial regulation of feedback to environmental change from the life history strategies of soil viruses.
Evaluation of a palmar approach to the carpal flexor tendon sheath
Authors: Cole Robert , Schumacher John , Wilhite Ray , Brown Jessica 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundA palmar approach for centesis of the carpal flexor tendon sheath has not been reported.ObjectiveTo determine the feasibility and accuracy of a palmar approach to an undistended carpal flexor tendon sheath.Study designIn vivo and experimental.MethodsBoth forelimbs of six horses were used. A 20‐gauge, 8.9‐ or 7.62‐cm spinal needle was inserted 3–4 cm proximal to the dorsal border of the accessory carpal bone in the space between the ulnaris lateralis and flexor carpi ulnaris muscles and directed sagittally and perpendicular to the long axis of the limb until the needle contacted the radius. The needle was retracted slightly, contrast medium was injected, and a laterally projected radiograph of the carpus and distal aspect of the radius was obtained and examined.ResultsThe technique, when performed on 12 limbs of six horses, was 92% accurate. For one limb, the needle was inadvertently directed slightly ventrally, rather than perpendicular to the long axis of the limb, causing it to contact the radius near its physeal remnant, resulting in centesis of the antebrachiocarpal joint.ConclusionsThe palmar approach to the carpal flexor tendon sheath appears to be highly accurate.
Use of transrectal transducers in abdominal ultrasonography of horses: A review
Authors: Tan Jean‐Yin , Haardt Hanna 
Published: July 2024

SummaryAbdominal ultrasonography is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of colic, yet primary care equine veterinary practitioners are often limited by availability and access to low‐frequency (2–5 MHz curvilinear array or sector) abdominal transducers. Use of high‐frequency (5–10 MHz linear array) transrectal transducers has not previously been compared with use of abdominal transducers for transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography. One recent pilot study established that there was no significant difference in organ detection by the two transducers on the right side of the equine abdomen, but the stomach, liver and kidney on the left side were less likely to be detected using the transrectal transducer in healthy horses. A clinical study found that the transrectal transducer can be used successfully using the FLASH protocol in horses presenting with colic, with high‐quality images that detected abnormalities of the peritoneal fluid, small intestine and large intestine. The transrectal transducer had decreased visualisation of the stomach and left kidney and was less likely to detect pathology surrounding these organs. This is the first series of studies to evaluate use of transrectal transducers in abdominal ultrasonography of the horse, a tool that is readily accessible to the field practitioner.
The market formation of private sector, purpose built student accommodation in Sheffield 2000–2019
Authors: Lee Carl 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere has been increasing academic interest shown in the evolving market maturity of the private sector, purpose built student accommodation (PBSA) market and its role in supporting the massification of higher education in the UK and elsewhere. This paper focuses on the evolution of the private sector PBSA market in Sheffield, UK, whose material impact upon central Sheffield in the first two decades of the twenty‐first century to both the built environment and socio‐spatial structure of the central city has been transformational. It is asserted that these changes in Sheffield reflect the wider growth dynamics and impact of private sector PBSAs on similar locales across the UK. A fundamental conceptualisation of the paper is that government higher education policy, and the differential interpretation of that policy by higher education institutions, and the enabling planning frameworks of local authorities, have created the market for private sector PBSA. The private sector PBSA market in Sheffield, as elsewhere, has been increasingly drawn into a global financialised framework that positions PBSAs as assets that are enabling of abstracted extraction of value in a knowable and predictable way. The paper foregrounds how this process embeds within a de‐industrialised, secondary city such as Sheffield a deeper connectivity to the global financial economy through not only inflows of investment capital but outflows of revenue to private sector PBSA investors.
Transfer behaviors in stroke and dementia development associated with environmental risks
Authors: Wang Kung‐Min , Tseng Shih‐Hsien , Lee Chia‐Min , Wang Kung‐Jeng 
Published: July 2024

AimChronic diseases are influential components of stroke, one of the dominant reasons for dementia and premature mortality. Environmental risks are risk factors for transitioning from stroke to dementia. This study addresses the transition behaviors in stroke and dementia development associated with chronic diseases and environmental risks.MethodsThis study is an integrated survey of medical and environmental informatics concerning stroke patients' quality of life. A total of 10 627 stroke patients diagnosed in Taiwan were surveyed in this study. A covariate model and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the influence of chronic diseases and environmental risk factors (i.e., divorce rate, unemployment rate, solitariness rate, temperature, and air pollution rate) on stroke and the corresponding dementia transition behaviors.ResultsThis study constructed a total of 98 covariate analysis models, consisting of 14 transition types [10 transitions from chronic diseases to stroke (5 metabolic risk states × 2 stroke states) and 4 transitions from stroke to dementia (2 stroke states × 2 dementia states)] by 7 covariates (i.e., sex, age, divorce rate, unemployment rate, temperature, air pollution, and solitariness rate). Among the 98 transitions, 26 were statistically significant.ConclusionsSex, age, divorce rate, unemployment rate, temperature, and air pollution rate exerted a partially significant influence on the transition from chronic diseases to stroke. Sex, age, unemployment rate, and temperature partially influenced the transition from stroke to dementia. This study also considered high‐risk sub‐populations of stroke patients, particularly males aged 65 years and below. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 766–772.
Development of a deep‐learning model tailored for HER2 detection in breast cancer to aid pathologists in interpreting HER2‐low cases
Authors: Bannier Pierre‐Antoine , Broeckx Glenn , Herpin Loïc , Dubois Rémy , Van Praet Lydwine , Maussion Charles , Deman Frederik , Amonoo Ellen , Mera Anca , Timbres Jasmine , Gillett Cheryl , Sawyer Elinor , Gazińska Patrycja , Ziolkowski Piotr , Lacroix‐Triki Magali , Salgado Roberto , Irshad Sheeba 
Published: July 2024

AimsOver 50% of breast cancer cases are “Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) low breast cancer (BC)”, characterized by HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores of 1+ or 2+ alongside no amplification on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing. The development of new anti‐HER2 antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs) for treating HER2‐low breast cancers illustrates the importance of accurately assessing HER2 status, particularly HER2‐low breast cancer. In this study we evaluated the performance of a deep‐learning (DL) model for the assessment of HER2, including an assessment of the causes of discordances of HER2‐Null between a pathologist and the DL model. We specifically focussed on aligning the DL model rules with the ASCO/CAP guidelines, including stained cells' staining intensity and completeness of membrane staining.Methods and ResultsWe trained a DL model on a multicentric cohort of breast cancer cases with HER2‐IHC scores (n = 299). The model was validated on two independent multicentric validation cohorts (n = 369 and n = 92), with all cases reviewed by three senior breast pathologists. All cases underwent a thorough review by three senior breast pathologists, with the ground truth determined by a majority consensus on the final HER2 score among the pathologists. In total, 760 breast cancer cases were utilized throughout the training and validation phases of the study. The model's concordance with the ground truth (ICC = 0.77 [0.68–0.83]; Fisher P = 1.32e‐10) is higher than the average agreement among the three senior pathologists (ICC = 0.45 [0.17–0.65]; Fisher P = 2e‐3). In the two validation cohorts, the DL model identifies 95% [93% ‐ 98%] and 97% [91% ‐ 100%] of HER2‐low and HER2‐positive tumours, respectively. Discordant results were characterized by morphological features such as extended fibrosis, a high number of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes, and necrosis, whilst some artefacts such as nonspecific background cytoplasmic stain in the cytoplasm of tumour cells also cause discrepancy.ConclusionDeep learning can support pathologists' interpretation of difficult HER2‐low cases. Morphological variables and some specific artefacts can cause discrepant HER2‐scores between the pathologist and the DL model.
Breaking down silos: The Gastroenterology Immunology Neuroscience (GIN) Discovery Program – a new model for research
Authors: Silva Juliana , Halmos Emma P , Marsland Benjamin J , Mychasiuk Richelle 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Gastroenterology Immunology Neuroscience (GIN) Discovery Program represents a new model for research that overcomes the limitations imposed by traditional “research silos” in science. By uniting these three fields, the GIN Program aims to enhance the understanding and treatment of chronic conditions through a system‐wide perspective focusing on the gut–immune–brain axis. Key initiatives include monthly interdisciplinary seminars, an annual symposium, and GINnovate, a commercialization and entrepreneurship event. Additionally, the program offers a seed grant competition for early and mid‐career researchers, promoting advancements in gut–immune–brain axis research through the power of collaboration. The GIN Program in a short period of time has facilitated the formation of a vibrant community, captivating attention from both national and international institutions. This effort to break down barriers in research aims to inspire similar models that prioritize open communication, mutual respect and a commitment to impactful science.
Māori nurse practitioners: The intersection of patient safety and culturally safe care from an Indigenous lens
Authors: Komene Ebony , Davis Josephine , Davis Rhoena , O'Dwyer Robyn , Te Pou Kate , Dick Chantelle , Sami Lisa , Wiapo Coral , Adams Sue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDynamic and complex health systems require innovative and adaptive solutions to support patient safety and achieve equitable health outcomes for Indigenous populations. Understanding the ways by which Indigenous (and specifically Māori) nurse practitioners (NPs) practice patient safety is key to enhancing Indigenous health outcomes in predominantly westernized healthcare systems.AimTo describe Māori NPs perspectives on patient safety when caring for Māori and understand how Māori NPs deliver safe health care.MethodologyA group of five Māori NPs worked alongside a Māori nurse researcher to explore their perceptions of patient safety. Together, they held an online hui (focus group) in early 2024. Data were analysed collectively, informed by kaupapa Māori principles, using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsMāori NP experiences, expressions and understandings of patient safety envelop cultural safety and have many facets that are specific to the needs of Māori populations. The three themes showed: (1) Te hanga a te mahi: the intersection of cultural and clinical expertise; (2) Mātauranga tuku iho: the knowledge from within, where safe practice was strongly informed by traditional knowledge and cultural practice; (3) Te Ao hurihuri: walking in two worlds, where Māori NPs navigated the westernized health system's policies and practices while acting autonomously to advocate for and deliver culturally safe care.ConclusionThe Māori NP lens on patient safety is vital for promoting culturally responsive and effective health care. By recognizing the unique needs of Māori patients and families and incorporating cultural perspectives into practice, Māori NPs contribute to a more comprehensive and inclusive approach to patient safety that goes beyond westernized principles and practices.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Family types and family dimensions: The paradigmatic framework and the circumplex model
Authors: Constantine Larry L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Paradigmatic Framework is a formal and rigorously derived systems‐theoretic model of the organization and operation of human systems, a map covering not just families but also the broader range of human social systems in general. The origins, derivation, and development of the framework and its salient features are summarized. The framework is applied to a close examination of the well‐known and influential Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems in terms of its theoretical premises and assumptions and its typological and dimensional features, placing the Circumplex Model within the larger context of other relevant theoretical models of family and the still larger context of human systems in general. Implications for research and practice in the marriage and family field are highlighted with special attention to socio‐cultural context.
A novel strategy for improving bowel preparation based on social software‐enhanced education: A prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study
Authors: Yang Xin , Xiao Yufeng , Zhao Zhifeng , Yu Shuang , Liu En , Xiao Xiao , Ning Shoubin , Zheng Suyun , Gong Yanan , Zhou Lei , Liu Weijia , Lin Hui , Ji Rui , Zhang Heng , Bai Jianying , Yang Shiming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimThe compliance and timeliness of oral laxatives have always been the key factors restricting bowel preparation (BP). We have constructed a novel enhanced‐educational content and process based on social software (SS) for BP to optimize these issues.MethodsA multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted at 13 hospitals in China from December 2019 to December 2020. A total of 1774 enrollees received standard instructions for BP and were randomly assigned (1:1) to the SS group (SSG) that received a smartphone‐based enhanced‐education strategy starting 4 h before colonoscopy or the control group (CG).ResultsA total of 3034 consecutive outpatient colonoscopy patients were assessed for eligibility, and 1774 were enrolled and randomly assigned. Ultimately, data from 1747 (SSG vs CG: 875 vs 872) enrollees were collected. The BP adequacy rate was 92.22% (95% CI: 90.46–93.98) in the SSG vs 88.05% (95% CI: 85.91–90.18) in the CG (P = 0.005), and the total Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores (6.89 ± 1.15 vs 6.67 ± 1.15, P < 0.001) of those in the SSG were significantly higher than those in the CG. The average number of polyps detected in the SSG was considerably higher than that in the CG (0.84 ± 2.00 vs 0.53 ± 1.19, P = 0.037), and the average diameter of the polyps was significantly lower than that of the control group (4.0 ± 2.5 vs 4.9 ± 3.7, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis SS‐enhanced education strategy can improve the BP adequacy rate and increase the average number of polyps detected, especially those of small diameter.
Managing medications among individuals with mild cognitive impairment and dementia: Patient‐caregiver perspectives
Authors: O'Conor Rachel , Russell Andrea M. , Pack Allison , Oladejo Dianne , Filec Sarah , Rogalski Emily , Morhardt Darby , Lindquist Lee A. , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith changing cognitive abilities, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia face challenges in successfully managing multidrug regimens. We sought to understand how individuals with MCI or dementia and their family caregivers manage multidrug regimens and better understand patient‐to‐caregiver transitions in medication management responsibilities.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews among patient–caregiver dyads. Eligibility included: patients with a diagnosis of MCI, mild or moderate dementia, managing ≥3 chronic conditions, ≥5 prescription medications, who also had a family caregiver ≥18 years old. Semi‐structured interview guides, informed by the Medication Self‐Management model, ascertained roles and responsibilities for medication management and patient‐to‐caregiver transitions in medication responsibilities.ResultsWe interviewed 32 patient–caregiver dyads. Older adults and caregivers favored older adult autonomy in medication management, and individuals with MCI and mild dementia largely managed their medications independently using multiple strategies (e.g., establishing daily routines, using pillboxes). Among individuals with moderate dementia, caregivers assumed all medication‐related responsibilities except when living separately. In those scenarios, caregivers set up organizers and made reminder calls, but did not observe family members taking medications. Patient‐to‐caregiver transitions in medication responsibilities frequently occurred after caregivers observed older adults making errors with medications. As caregivers sought to assume greater responsibilities with family members' medicines, they faced multiple barriers. Most barriers were dyadic; they affected both the older adult and the caregiver and/or the relationship. Some barriers were specific to caregivers; these included caregivers' competing responsibilities or inaccurate perceptions of dementia, while other barriers were related to the healthcare system.ConclusionsTo ease medication management transitions, balance must be sought between preservation of older adult autonomy and early family caregiver involvement. Clinicians should work to initiate conversations with family caregivers and individuals living with MCI or dementia about transitioning medication responsibilities as memory loss progresses, simplify regimens, and deprescribe, as appropriate.
Lesion phenotyping based on magnetic susceptibility in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Boccia Vincenzo Daniele , Boffa Giacomo , Lapucci Caterina , Costagli Mauro , Bosisio Luca , Mancardi Maria Margherita , Inglese Matilde , Cellerino Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and purposePediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) displays different pathological features compared to adult MS, which can be studied in vivo by assessing tissue magnetic susceptibility with 3T‐MRI. We aimed to assess different white matter lesions (WMLs) phenotypes in pediatric MS patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility mapping weighted imaging (SMWI) over 12 months.MethodsEleven pediatric MS patients [female: 63.6%; mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and disease duration: 16.3 ± 2.2 and 2.4 ± 1.5; median (range) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) 1 (0‐2)] underwent 3 Tesla‐MRI exams and EDSS assessments at baseline and after 1 year. QSM and SMWI were obtained using 3‐dimensional (3D)‐segmented echo‐planar‐imaging with submillimetric spatial resolution. WMLs were classified according to their QSM appearance and SMWI was used to identify QSM hyperintensities ascribable to veins. Total brain volumes at baseline and follow‐up were computed using high‐resolution 3D T1‐weighted images.ResultsMean ± SD paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) prevalence was 7.0% ± 9.0. Fifty‐four percent (6/11) of patients exhibited at least one PRL, with one patient exhibiting ≥ 4 PRLs. All patients showed QSM‐iso‐/hypo‐intense lesions, which represented a mean ± SD of 65.8% ± 22.7 of total WMLs. QSM‐hyperintense WMLs showed a positive correlation with total brain volume reduction at follow‐up (r = 0.705; p = .02). No lesion was classified as different between baseline and follow‐up.ConclusionChronic compartmentalized inflammation seems to occur early in pediatric MS patients with short disease duration. A high prevalence of iso‐/hypo‐intense lesions was found, which could account for the higher remyelination potential in pediatric MS.