bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkage disequilibrium and genomic scan to detect selective loci in cattle populations adapted to different ecological conditions in Ethiopia
Authors: Edea Z. , Dadi H. , Kim S.‐W. , Park J.‐H. , Shin G.‐H. , Dessie T. , Kim K.‐S. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDespite the wide range of observed phenotypic diversities and adaptation to different ecological conditions, little has been studied regarding the genetics of adaptation in the genome of indigenous cattle breeds of developing countries. Here, we investigated the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and identified the subset of outlier loci that are highly differentiated among cattle populations adapted to different ecological conditions in Ethiopia. Specifically, we genotyped 47 unrelated animals sampled from high‐ versus low‐altitude environments using a Bovine 50K SNP BeadChip. Linkage disequilibrium was assessed using both D′ and r2 between adjacent SNPs. We calculated FST and heterozygosity at different significance levels as measures of genetic differentiation for each locus between high‐ and low‐altitude populations following the hierarchical island model approach. We identified 816 loci (p < 0.01) showing selection signals and are associated with genes that might have roles in local adaptation. Some of them are associated with candidate genes that are involved in metabolism (ATP2A3, CA2, MYO18B, SIK3, INPP4A, and IREB2), hypoxia response (BDNF, TFRC, and PML) and heat stress (PRKDC, CDK1, and TFDC). Average r2 and D′ values were 0.14 ± 0.21 and 0.57 ± 0.34, respectively, for a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 0.05 and were found to increase with increasing MAF value. The outlier loci identified in the studied Ethiopian cattle populations indicate the presence of genetic variation produced/shaped by adaptation to different environmental conditions and provide a basis for further validation and functional analysis using a reasonable sample size and high‐density markers.
No Justification for Lottery Losers
Authors: Kelp Christoph 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIgor Douven has recently developed a challenge for accounts of justification according to which beliefs about lottery losers are never justified. This article argues that champions of such accounts can rise to Douven's challenge and, what's more, that they can turn Douven's argument around in the sense that they can legitimately take it to provide a vindication of their preferred view.
Plant volatiles in extreme terrestrial and marine environments
Authors: RINNAN RIIKKA , STEINKE MICHAEL , MCGENITY TERRY , LORETO FRANCESCO 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis review summarizes the current understanding on plant and algal volatile organic compound (VOC) production and emission in extreme environments, where temperature, water availability, salinity or other environmental factors pose stress on vegetation. Here, the extreme environments include terrestrial systems, such as arctic tundra, deserts, CO2 springs and wetlands, and marine systems such as sea ice, tidal rock pools and hypersaline environments, with mangroves and salt marshes at the land–sea interface. The emission potentials at fixed temperature and light level or actual emission rates for phototrophs in extreme environments are frequently higher than for organisms from less stressful environments. For example, plants from the arctic tundra appear to have higher emission potentials for isoprenoids than temperate species, and hypersaline marine habitats contribute to global dimethyl sulphide (DMS) emissions in significant amounts. DMS emissions are more widespread than previously considered, for example, in salt marshes and some desert plants. The reason for widespread VOC, especially isoprenoid, emissions from different extreme environments deserves further attention, as these compounds may have important roles in stress resistance and adaptation to extremes. Climate warming is likely to significantly increase VOC emissions from extreme environments both by direct effects on VOC production and volatility, and indirectly by altering the composition of the vegetation.
How is Philosophy Supposed to Engage with Religion? Heidegger's Philosophical Atheism and Its Limits
Authors: Baiasu Roxana 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe paper addresses two related questions: 1. the much debated issue concerning philosophy's proper way of engaging with religion, and 2. the extent to which religious concerns belong to our existence. If philosophy is understood as the hermeneutics of existence, that is, as the self‐interpretation of existence, as the early Heidegger proposes, then the way the second question is answered bears on the approach to the first issue. While endorsing Heidegger's claim in the 1920s that philosophy should be autonomous and neutral in relation to religious concerns, I reject his view that this can be achieved through a silencing attitude characteristic of a “fundamentally atheistic” philosophy. I link Heidegger's failure to offer a convincing response to the first question to the way in which he addresses the second question as to whether religious concerns essentially belong to our existence. In contrast with his views on the second question, which often seem to propose a negative answer to it (but which, I claim, are not as not as clear as it is sometimes assumed), I argue that spiritual comportment is an essential aspect of our life. How can then philosophy ‘transcend’ it and be religiously neutral without becoming silent about it? I argue that philosophy can be religiously neutral and, at the same time, speak about spirituality as an open question within a shared space.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blaeser Susan B. , Schomer Paul D. 
Published: March 2014

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes catalogs of Acoustical Standards, both National and International. To receive copies of the latest Standards catalogs, please contact Susan B. Blaeser.
Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.
This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National and International Catalogs of Acoustical Standards, and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are available via the ASA Standards home page: http://acousticalsociety.org/standards.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium perfringens Strain JJC, a Highly Efficient Hydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge
Authors: Wong Y. M. , Juan J. C. , Gan H. M. , Austin C. M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Clostridium perfringens
strain JJC is an effective biohydrogen and biochemical producer that was isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the gene interactions involved in efficient biohydrogen production.
Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bifermentans Strain WYM, a Promising Biohydrogen Producer Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge
Authors: Wong Y. M. , Juan J. C. , Gan H. M. , Austin C. M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Clostridium bifermentans
strain WYM is an effective biohydrogen producer isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here, we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into the metabolic pathways involved in efficient biohydrogen production.
Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Strain LCT-EC52, Which Acquired Changes in Antibiotic Resistance Properties after the Shenzhou-VIII Mission
Authors: Zhang Dong , Chang De , Zhang Xuelin , Yu Yi , Guo Yinghua , Wang Junfeng , Li Tianzhi , Xu Guogang , Dai Wenkui , Liu Changting 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
is a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen that colonizes the lower intestines of humans and causes several diseases, such as septicemia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
E. coli
strain LCT-EC52, which originated from
E. coli
strain CGMCC 1.2385 and acquired changes in antibiotic resistance following travel on the Shenzhou-VIII spacecraft.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp.
cremoris
HP
T
, the First Defined-Strain Dairy Starter Culture Bacterium
Authors: Lambie Suzanne C. , Altermann Eric , Leahy Sinead C. , Kelly William J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
subsp.
cremoris
HP
T
has been widely used in studies of the metabolism of lactococcal dairy starter cultures. A comparison of the draft HP
T
genome with those from other strains of
L. lactis
subsp.
cremoris
will aid our understanding of the domestication and evolution of these important industrial cultures.
Regional Differences in Breast Cancer Biomarkers in American Indian and Alaska Native Women
Authors: Kaur Judith S. , Vierkant Robert A. , Hobday Timothy , Visscher Daniel 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is not a homogeneous disease, but several different and unique subtypes defined by gene expression analysis. Incidence and mortality rates vary by almost 3-fold between Alaska (highest) and the Southwestern tribes (lowest). We hypothesized that these differences may be due to, in part, varying levels of biologic tumor aggressiveness.
Methods: A biorepository of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group with 95 cases of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women with adenocarcinoma of the breast surgically treated from 1990 to 2000 was tested for several biomarkers. Comparison distributions of biomarker values across state of residence using t tests for continuous (p53, MIB-1, cyclin D) and ordinally scaled markers [EGF receptor (EGFR), BCL-2, Her2] and χ2 tests of significance for binary markers [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)] were done.
Results: Significant regional differences in some biomarker expression levels were seen. No increase was observed in “triple-negative” breast cancer or Her2 overexpression in these cases.
Conclusions: Despite a 3-fold difference in breast cancer mortality in Alaska Native versus Southwestern American Indians, standard biomarkers such as ER, PR, and Her2 neu expression did not explain the disparity.
Impact: There is a need for research to understand the biologic basis of breast cancer disparities in AIAN women. Potential for a prospective trial will be explored with tribes.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Community Network Program Centers.”
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 409–15. ©2014 AACR.
Culturally Appropriate Education Intervention on Biospecimen Research Participation among Chinese Americans
Authors: Gao Wanzhen , Ma Grace X. , Tan Yin , Fang Carolyn , Weaver JoEllen , Jin Ming , Lai Philip , Godwin Andrew K. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Chinese Americans are at increased risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To reduce or eliminate disparities in HBV-related infection rates, participation in scientific investigations of HBV risk and treatment, including biospecimen sampling, is important. However, Asian Americans have low rates of participation in biospecimen research, and little is known about how educational interventions affect knowledge and participation in HBV-related biospecimen research.
Methods: Eight Chinese community-based organizations participated in a quasi-experimental, two-group design with education assessments at pre- and postworkshop and a 3-month follow-up. Four sites were randomly assigned to receive the intervention (n = 175) and four sites to receive general health education (control; n = 240).
Results: Participant knowledge about biospecimen research increased from pre- to posteducation in the intervention but not in the control condition. Of intervention participants, 83.4% (146/175) donated one tube of blood for future HBV biospecimen research, and 50.9% (89/175) donated another tube of blood for HBV testing. In contrast, only 1.1% of participants in the control condition reported donating a blood sample at follow-up assessment.
Conclusion: The intervention program significantly increased knowledge of and participation in HBV biospecimen research among Chinese Americans. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) methods featured active support by community leaders, a culturally specific curriculum, and convenient, immediate access to blood sampling, which resulted in high donation rates.
Impact: HBV-related morbidity and mortality is an urgent problem faced by Chinese Americans. CBPR provides a model for engaging communities in early detection, vaccination, and treatment that can reduce this health threat.
See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Community Network Program Centers.”
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 383–91. ©2014 AACR.
Is a Personal History of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Associated with Increased or Decreased Risk of Other Cancers?
Authors: Alberg Anthony J. , Fischer Alexander H. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Two conflicting hypotheses have been tested concerning the association between a personal history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and risk of other malignancies. One hypothesis is that as a marker of extensive sunlight exposure and hence vitamin D status, NMSC should be inversely associated with risk of other cancers. Alternatively, under the multiple primary cancer model, NMSC is postulated to be an informative first cancer to study as a marker of increased risk of subsequent primary cancer diagnoses. In this journal issue, Ong and colleagues report the results of a large-scale study in the United Kingdom with findings that NMSC was significantly associated with increased risk of a broad spectrum of other malignancies, with the associations stronger the younger the age of onset of NMSC. These results are consistent with the larger body of evidence on this topic, which is highly asymmetrical in favor of the multiple primary cancer hypothesis. Two divergent hypotheses have been tested, with the empirical evidence unequivocally indicating that NMSC is a marker of a high cancer risk phenotype. Future research is warranted to better characterize this association, to understand why NMSC is a marker of excess risk of other cancers, and to determine whether this association is clinically relevant. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 433–6. ©2014 AACR.
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status in Relation to Cancer Mortality in the Black Women's Health Study, 1995–2011
Authors: Bethea TN , Palmer JR , Rosenberg L , Cozier YC 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Neighborhood socioeconomic status has been associated with a range of cancer health outcomes, but longitudinal data in African Americans, who tend to live in more deprived neighborhoods, is lacking. We assessed the relation of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) to cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of African American women. Participants enrolled in the Black Women's Health Study in 1995 by completing mailed questionnaires. Exposure information and incident diagnoses are updated through biennial questionnaires. Neighborhood SES was measured by a factor score based on census block group data for 6 indicators of income and education – median household income, median housing value, percent of households receiving interest/dividend/rental income, percent of adults who are college graduates, percent of white-collar workers, and percent of households not headed by a single female. Deaths through 2011 and cause of death were identified through linkage to the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with control for age, education, marital status, cigarette smoking, physical activity, time spent watching TV, and dietary pattern. Based on 819 cancer deaths that occurred from 1995–2011, neighborhood SES was inversely associated with cancer mortality. The age-adjusted HR for lowest quartile of neighborhood SES relative to highest quartile was 1.63, 95% CI 1.33–2.00; control for covariates reduced the HR to 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.60. In analyses restricted to participants with 16 or more years of education, the multivariable HR for lowest relative to highest quartile of neighborhood SES was 1.38 (95% CI 1.01–1.90). Our results suggest that neighborhood SES is associated with an individual's risk of cancer mortality and that the association is mediated in part by diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. The finding that this association was present even among college graduates is of particular relevance to African Americans, who are more likely to live in disadvantaged neighborhoods regardless of their individual income or educational attainment.
Adherence to Multiple Cancer Screening Tests among Appalachian Women
Authors: Katz ML , Young GS , Pennell ML , Reiter PL , Paskett ED 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Appalachian populations suffer from higher rates of cancer incidence and mortality than non-Appalachian populations. Research has documented disparities in the receipt of within guideline cancer screening tests for each test individually (mammography (MA), Pap Test (PT) and colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy or FOBT (CRC)), however, no study has documented disparities in the receipt of multiple screening tests in this population. Methods. As part of a larger study using community-based participatory research strategies to reach Appalachian community members about the need for CRC screening, we surveyed 643 women aged 51–75, inclusive who agreed to complete a phone survey after being randomly selected from commercially available address lists for 12 Appalachian Ohio counties. The survey included questions about the receipt of screening tests within guidelines: PT (within 3 years), MA (within the past year), and CRC (FOBT: past year; FS: last 5 years; or colonoscopy: last 10 years). The frequencies of each test received within guidelines as well as the number of tests (0, 1, 2, 3) women were adherent to, were calculated. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for being within guidelines were calculated using multiple logistic regression (performed for within guidelines for each test and for all 3 tests vs. 0–2 tests). Results. Women not screened within guidelines by self-report were 33% for PT, 46% for MA, and 48% for CRC. Only 31% of the women were within guidelines for all 3 tests, with 18% reporting not being within guidelines for any of the 3 tests. Predictors of within screening guidelines for all three tests include having a check-up in the past two years (OR = 14.7; 1.94, 111.5; p &lt; 0.01) and not being a current or former smoker (OR = 0.28; 0.11,0.72; p &lt; 0.01 and OR = 0.48; 0.25,0.93; p &lt; 0.01, respectively). Conclusions. Few women in Appalachia Ohio are adherent to currently recommended cancer screening tests. Only about a third of the women were adherent to all three screening tests and almost a fifth of the women were not adherent to any of the three screening tests. These findings suggest that interventions should focus on improving multiple screening behaviors to reduce the high cancer rates in this underserved population.
Physical Activity and Quality of Life among Elderly Cancer Survivors Compared to Women without Cancer: The Iowa Women's Health Study
Authors: Blair C , Robien K , Lazovich D 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Few studies have examined lifestyle factors and health-related quality of life (QOL) in elderly, long-term cancer survivors compared to a cancer-free comparison group. We examined the degree to which physical inactivity is associated with poor QOL among elderly, female cancer survivors compared to similar-aged women without cancer. Methods: Subjects included women enrolled in the Iowa Women's Health Study in 1986 who completed the 2004 questionnaire (at ages 71–89 years) and were alive through 2005. The 2004 questionnaire asked participants about recreational physical activity and included the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF36) QOL assessment. Physical inactivity was defined as moderate or vigorous activity less than once per week. Logistic regression was used to compute the odds of poor QOL for each SF36 subscale (&lt;0.5 SD below the mean score of women without cancer) associated with physical inactivity between 4 groups based on the cross-classification of cancer history (no/yes) and physical inactivity (no/yes) (referent group = No/No). Results: Analyses included 12,067 women without a history of cancer and 1,707 women diagnosed with cancer between 1986 and 2002. Inactive cancer survivors were significantly more likely to report poor QOL for each SF36 subscale compared to the referent group (Odds Ratios (OR) 1.7 to 4.5), independent of age, comorbidity, BMI, and diet quality. Compared with the other 3 groups, inactive cancer survivors had the greatest odds of poor Physical Function (inactive cancer survivors [OR = 4.5, 95% CI 3.9–5.3], inactive women without cancer [OR = 3.8, 95% CI 3.5–4.2], active cancer survivors [OR = 1.0,95% CI 0.8–1.2]) and poor General Health (inactive cancer survivors [OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.7–3.8], inactive women without cancer [OR = 2.8, 95% CI 2.5–3.0), active cancer survivors [OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.98–1.4]). Among physically active women, cancer survivors had similar QOL as women without a cancer history. Conclusions: Physical inactivity was more strongly associated with poor General Health and Physical Function in elderly, long-term cancer survivors compared to women without cancer. These findings support the need for interventions to help older women maintain or regain a physically active lifestyle after a cancer diagnosis.
The Association Between Sexual Abuse and Adherence to Risk-Appropriate Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines: A Study of Women in Appalachian Ohio
Authors: Kurta ML , Krok JL , Hade EM , Williams J , Nemeth J , Paskett ED 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Our objective was to determine if a history of forced sex influenced the likelihood of meeting risk-appropriate cervical cancer (CC) screening guidelines among women in Appalachian Ohio. Methods: We used data collected from initial recruitment for Community Awareness Resources and Education (CARE) I projects 1 and 2. Women were randomly selected from 14 Ohio Appalachian clinics. Risk-appropriate guidelines were defined as having had a Pap smear within 13 months of study interview among high risk women and within 37 months of interview among low risk women. High risk was defined as meeting any of the following criteria: 5 or more sexual partners during their lifetime; intercourse before 18; a current smoker; diagnosis of an STI; or a sexual partner diagnosed with an STI. Low-risk women did not meet any of these criteria. Associations between meeting guidelines and patient characteristics were evaluated by calculating odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic mixed model regression, with clinic incorporated as a random effect. Significant factors were included in a multivariable regression model assessing the association between exposure to forced sex and meeting CC screening guidelines. Results: Of the 571 women in this study, 105 (18.4%) reported being forced to have sex, 456 (79.9%) did not report forced sex, and 10 (1.8%) refused to answer or didn't know. We observed significant crude associations between meeting risk-appropriate CC screening guidelines and potential confounders: socioeconomic status (low vs. intermediate: OR = 2.46, CI:1.48–4.09; low vs. high: OR = 2.78, CI:1.65–4.72), marital status (divorced/widowed/separated vs. married/member of couple: OR = 2.03, CI:1.90–6.92; divorced/widowed/separated vs. never married: OR = 3.63, CI:1.90–6.92), and smoking status (never vs. former: OR = 2.46, CI:0.32–0.84; never vs. current: OR = 0.51, CI:0.33–0.78). Adjusted for these factors and current age, women forced to have sex had significantly lower odds of being within screening guidelines (OR = 0.32, CI:0.20–0.53). Conclusions: Women exposed to forced sex have lower odds of meeting risk-appropriate CC screening guidelines. This population needs additional efforts to ensure adherence to CC screening guidelines.