bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Characterization of Sulfonate‐containing Polystyrene/CaCO3 Core‐shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Yang , Wang Jishuai , Cheng Guanzhi , Shen Jie , Kan Chengyou 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPolystyrene (PSt) seed latex was first prepared via soap‐free emulsion polymerization in the presence of a small amount of methacrylic acid using ammonium persulfate as initiator, and then seeded emulsion polymerization of sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate (NaSS) and St was carried out to synthesize P(St‐NaSS) core latex using 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. After that, P(St‐NaSS)/CaCO3 core‐shell nanoparticles were fabricated by sequentially introducing Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution and CO2 gas into the core latex. The morphology of the core and core‐shell nanoparticles was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the state of CaCO3 shell was confirmed with high‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (HR‐STEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Results showed that PNaSS chains were successfully grafted onto the PSt seed surface, and length of the PNaSS "hairs" could be modulated by adjusting NaSS amount. Sulfonic groups of the PNaSS hairs served as additives in the formation and stabilization of amorphous CaCO3(ACC) and prevented ACC from sequent transformation into crystalline states. The amount of the anchored CaCO3 increased with the growth of PNaSS hair length, and reached 51 wt% (by thermalgravimetric analysis) under the optimal encapsulating temperature of 45°C. Moreover, the forming mechanism of P(St‐NaSS)/CaCO3 core‐shell nanoparticles was proposed.
A Convenient Heterogeneous Reduction of Knoevenagel Product by Hantzsch Ester and Its Development into Reductive Alkylation of Malononitrile
Authors: Yang Yong‐Qing , Lu Zheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPoor solubility of Hantzsch ester is used as indicator in the reduction of methylidene malononitrile. The Knoevenagel reaction is integrated to develop a reductive alkylation of malononitrile with aryl and aliphatic aldehyde as the carbonyl substrate.
Fe(OTf)3 Catalyzed Annulation of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles with Aziridines
Authors: Liu Hua , Zheng Chao , You Shu‐Li 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA Fe(OTf)3 catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction between 2,3‐disubstituted indoles and N‐Ts aziridines is described herein. A series of hexahydropyrrolo[3,4‐b]indole derivatives bearing two consecutive quaternary carboncenters can be generated efficiently. The reaction features cheap catalyst, mild conditions and operational simplicity.
Preparation of Fluorescent Polystyrene via ATRP with Dimethylamino Chalcones as Initiator
Authors: Zhou Qiuxuan , Gu Peiyang , Zhang Youhao , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Zhang Yong , Lu Jianmei 
Published: June 2014

Abstract4‐(3‐(4‐(Dimethylamino)phenyl)acryloyl)phenyl‐2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropanoate (APPBr) was used for the heterogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene (St) with copper(I) bromide/N,N,N′,N′′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) catalytic system. The functional end group was characterized via UV‐Vis and 1H NMR spectra. The polymerization showed a first‐order kinetic characteristic and each of the obtained polymers had well‐controlled molecular weight and relatively low polydispersity index (PDI). Furthermore, the obtained end‐functionalized polystyrene (PS) in solution showed strong green‐light emission which is further affected by mixing different metal cations. In particular, the fluorescent intensity of the polymer was decreased in the presence of Ag+, Cu2+ and Fe3+.
Unique hue data for colour appearance models. Part III: Comparison with NCS unique hues
Authors: Xiao Kaida , Pointer Michael , Cui Guihua , Chauhan Tushar , Wuerger Sophie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, Swedish Natural Color System (NCS) unique hue data were used to evaluate the performance of unique hue predictions by the CIECAM02 colour appearance model. The colour appearance of 108 NCS unique hue stimuli was predicted using CIECAM02, and their distributions were represented in a CIECAM02 ac–bc chromatic diagram. The best‐fitting line for each of the four unique hues was found using orthogonal distance regression in the ac–bc chromatic diagram. Comparison of these predicted unique hue lines (based on the NCS data) with the default unique hue loci in CIECAM02 showed that there were significant differences in both unique yellow (UY) and unique blue (UB). The same tendency was found for hue uniformity: hue uniformity is worse for UY and UB stimuli in comparison with unique red (UR) and unique green (UG). A comparison between NCS unique hue stimuli and another set of unique hue stimuli (obtained on a calibrated cathode ray tube) was conducted in CIECAM02 to investigate possible media differences that might affect unique hue predictions. Data for UY and UB are in very good agreement; largest deviations were found for UR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 256–263, 2015
The Metacognitions about Symptoms Control Scale: Development and Concurrent Validity
Authors: Fernie Bruce A. , Maher‐Edwards Lorraine , Murphy Gabrielle , Nikčević Ana V. , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveThis paper presents the development and preliminary validation of a self‐report instrument designed to measure metacognitions pertaining to symptoms control in the form of the following: (1) symptoms focusing and (2) symptoms conceptual thinking.MethodsA total of 124 patients (95 female and 29 male) presenting with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) contributed data to the study to test the structure and psychometric properties of the Metacognitions about Symptoms Control Scale (MaSCS).ResultsA principal components factor analysis indicated that a two‐factor solution best fitted the data. The factors were labelled positive and negative metacognitions about symptoms control. Further analyses revealed that both factors had good internal consistency. Correlation analyses established preliminary concurrent validity, indicating that both positive and negative metacognitions about symptoms control were significantly associated with levels of fatigue in CFS. Regression analysis revealed that positive and negative metacognitions about symptoms control significantly predicted fatigue severity when controlling for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsThe newly developed instrument may help future research that examines the role of metacognitions in CFS, as well as aiding clinical assessment and case formulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The MaSCS is a useful first instrument to assess metacognitions in CFS.
The MaSCS may help to deepen our understanding of symptoms control (symptoms focusing and conceptual thinking about symptoms) in the experience of CFS symptoms.
Assessing and conceptualizing symptoms control through the MaSCS may aid treatment of CFS.
Self‐focused attention in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Zucker Nancy , Wagner H. Ryan , Merwin Rhonda , Bulik Cynthia M. , Moskovich Ashley , Keeling Lori , Hoyle Rick 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe clinical presentation of anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by preoccupation with body experience, intrusive concerns regarding shape, and pathological fears of weight gain. These symptoms are suggestive of unrelenting self‐focused attention. No research to date has characterized self‐focused attention (SFA) in AN nor examined neurocognitive features that may facilitate an excessive, rigid, or sustained focus on one's appearance.MethodThis study examined SFA, body image disturbance, and executive functioning in women with current anorexia nervosa (AN‐C; n = 24), a history of AN who were weight‐restored at the time of the study (WR; n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 24).ResultsPrivate and public SFA were highest among WR and lowest among AN‐C. Shape concerns were negatively correlated with SFA, especially among AN‐C, after controlling for depression and social anxiety symptoms.DiscussionLower levels of SFA among AN‐C were unexpected and suggest the acute state of AN may lessen pathological self‐focus, negatively reinforcing symptoms. In addition, body image concerns may distract from general SFA. Deficits in executive attention may explain these findings, as each one unit increase in perseverative errors among AN‐C participants was associated with an almost one‐half unit decrease in public SFA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:9–14)
Predictive factors of disordered eating and body image satisfaction in cyprus
Authors: Argyrides Marios , Kkeli Natalie 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to assess possible relationships and predictor variables between disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, the internalization of the thin ideal construct, body image satisfaction, body image investment, weight‐related anxiety, and body mass index (BMI) among Greek‐Cypriot female university students in Cyprus.MethodA total of 243 female university students responded to self‐report measures assessing disordered eating, internalization of the thin ideal, body satisfaction, body image investment, and weight‐related anxiety.ResultsDisordered eating was positively correlated to the internalization of the thin ideal, body image investment, weight‐related anxiety, and BMI and negatively correlated with body image satisfaction. The internalization of the thin ideal was also positively correlated to weight‐related anxiety and body image investment and negatively correlated to body image satisfaction. Furthermore, weight‐related anxiety and internalization of the thin ideal have been found to be significant predictors of disordered eating attitudes.DiscussionPossible explanations and vulnerability factors are addressed, as well as implication for prevention strategies and future research. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:431–435)
Family functioning in two treatments for adolescent anorexia nervosa
Authors: Ciao Anna C. , Accurso Erin C. , Fitzsimmons‐Craft Ellen E. , Lock James , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveFamily functioning impairment is widely reported in the eating disorders literature, yet few studies have examined the role of family functioning in treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (AN). This study examined family functioning in two treatments for adolescent AN from multiple family members' perspectives.MethodParticipants were 121 adolescents with AN ages 12–18 from a randomized‐controlled trial comparing family‐based treatment (FBT) to individual adolescent‐focused therapy (AFT). Multiple clinical characteristics were assessed at baseline. Family functioning from the perspective of the adolescent and both parents was assessed at baseline and after 1 year of treatment. Full remission from AN was defined as achieving both weight restoration and normalized eating disorder psychopathology.ResultsIn general, families dealing with AN reported some baseline impairment in family functioning, but average ratings were only slightly elevated compared to published impaired functioning cutoffs. Adolescents' perspectives on family functioning were the most impaired and were generally associated with poorer psychosocial functioning and greater clinical severity. Regardless of initial level of family functioning, improvements in several family functioning domains were uniquely related to full remission at the end of treatment in both FBT and AFT. However, FBT had a more positive impact on several specific aspects of family functioning compared to AFT.DiscussionFamilies seeking treatment for adolescent AN report some difficulties in family functioning, with adolescents reporting the greatest impairment. Although FBT may be effective in improving some specific aspects of family dynamics, remission from AN was associated with improved family dynamics, regardless of treatment type. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:81–90)
Prevalence and severity of DSM‐5 eating disorders in a community cohort of adolescents
Authors: Smink Frédérique R.E. , van Hoeken Daphne , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5) includes a considerably revised eating disorder section. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence and severity of eating disorders based on the new DSM‐5 criteria in a community cohort of adolescents.MethodThis study is part of TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch cohort study on mental health and social development from preadolescence into young adulthood. At baseline, the participants (n = 2,230) were about 11 years old. Body mass index was measured at all four assessment waves. At age 19, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was administered to 1,584 of the participants. A two‐stage screening approach was used to estimate the prevalence of DSM‐5 eating disorders. Adolescents at high risk for eating disorders (n = 312) were selected for an additional interview administered by eating disorder experts.ResultsOf the high‐risk group n = 296 (95%) could be interviewed. Among the women, the lifetime prevalence of DSM‐5 anorexia nervosa was 1.7%, of bulimia nervosa 0.8% and of binge eating disorder 2.3%. Eating disorders were relatively rare among the men. The severity of most cases was mild to moderate and detection and treatment rates depended on the level of severity.DiscussionThe most common DSM‐5 eating disorder diagnoses in adolescents in the community are anorexia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Severity ratings for eating disorders seem valid in terms of both the distribution in the community and the correlation with detection and treatment by health care services. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:610–619)
Growth‐differentiation factor 15 and osteoprotegerin in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a biomarker substudy of the IABP‐SHOCK II‐trial
Authors: Fuernau Georg , Poenisch Christian , Eitel Ingo , de Waha Suzanne , Desch Steffen , Schuler Gerhard , Adams Volker , Werdan Karl , Zeymer Uwe , Thiele Holger 
Published: June 2014

AimsThis study investigates the role of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and growth‐differentiation factor 15 (GDF‐15) as predictors of outcome in cardiogenic shock (CS) complicating acute myocardial infarction. The novel biomarkers OPG and GDF‐15 have shown prognostic impact in various cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction. In acute myocardial infarction complicated by CS, the diagnostic and prognostic impact of these biomarkers has not been investigated yet. OPG and GDF‐15 may have additional prognostic impact on early prognosis assessment, being potentially useful for decision‐making in CS.Methods and resultsIn the randomized Intra‐aortic Balloon Pump in cardiogenic Shock II (IABP‐SHOCK II)‐trial, 600 patients with CS complicating acute myocardial infarction undergoing early revascularization were assigned to therapy with or without IABP. Within a pre‐defined substudy, blood samples were collected from 190 patients during PCI. GDF‐15 and OPG serum levels were measured with standard enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kits. Patients with GDF‐15 and OPG levels greater than the median showed higher rates of death at 30 days by χ2 testing (OPG, 51% vs. 32%, P = 0.01; GDF‐15, 52% vs. 31%, P = 0.005) and log rank testing [GDF‐15, hazard ratio (HR) 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–2.94; P = 0.005; OPG, HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.11–2.71; P = 0.01]. Both markers were significantly predictive of 30‐day mortality in univariable logistic regression analysis. In a multivariable logistic stepwise regression model, GDF‐15, TIMI (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction) flow grade <3 after PCI, age, LVEF, and serum lactate remained significant predictors of 30‐day mortality.ConclusionGDF‐15 on admission is a significant independent predictor of short‐term mortality in infarct‐related CS.Trail registration: NCT00491036
Predictors of mortality in acute heart failure: interaction between diabetes and impaired left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Go Yun Yun , Allen John Carson , Chia Shaw Yang , Sim Ling Ling , Jaufeerally Fazlur Rehman , Yap Jonathan , Ching Chi Keong , Sim David , Kwok Bernard , Liew Reginald 
Published: June 2014

AimThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that diabetes modifies the risk of mortality in acute heart failure patients, especially in patients with impaired LVEF, and that impaired LVEF in turn modifies the risk of mortality in diabetic patients.Methods and resultsWe studied 2121 patients with acute heart failure admitted at two centres in Singapore from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009. The date of the last follow‐up was 31 December 2011, with a median follow‐up time (interquartile range) of 914 (442–1190) days. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality in patients with LVEF ≥50%, LVEF 30–49%, and LVEF <30% relative to diabetic status. Impaired LVEF (<50%) in the presence of diabetes substantially increased the risk of mortality compared with non‐diabetics with LVEF <50%. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for diabetic patients with an LVEF of 30–49% (1.46, 95% 1.18–1.81) was not statistically different from the aHR in non‐diabetic patients with severely impaired LVEF of <30% (1.38, 95% CI 1.09–1.75) (P = 0.644). The deleterious effects of diabetes seemed to be confined to acute heart failure patients with impaired LVEF, as the mortality rate in patients with LVEF >50% was not increased. Other clinical predictors of mortality were ageing, prior myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg, creatinine ≥250 µmol/L, haemoglobin <9.0 g/dL, and prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack.ConclusionThe interaction of diabetes and impaired LVEF in acute heart failure patients significantly amplifies the deleterious effects of each as distinct disease entities.
Phospholipids in pulmonary drug delivery
Authors: Wauthoz Nathalie , Amighi Karim 
Published: June 2014

Pulmonary delivery is becoming the standard route of administration for treating respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is also gaining interest for non‐invasive systemic delivery of peptides and proteins. A limited number of excipients is approved or authorized for the pulmonary tract. This restricts the commercial potential of some formulations. Phospholipids and more particularly 1,2‐dipalmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DPPC) are the main components of lung surfactant and are recognized as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients for pulmonary drug delivery by the Food and Drug Administration. Moreover, phospholipids could modulate the physicochemical properties of drug delivery systems and therefore the drug release and/or dissolution. They can potentially modulate the drug pharmacokinetic by enhancing the drug permeability through the lung epithelium using palmitoyl‐based phospholipids, and/or by reducing recognition of the drug delivery systems by the alveolar macrophages by including DPPC or polyethyleneglycol (PEG) at their surface. Therefore, this review focuses on the formulations containing phospholipids or PEGylated phospholipids, such as micelles, liposomes, lipid micro‐/nanoparticles, large porous particles, solid dispersions, and microparticle suspensions.Drug delivery systems composed mainly or secondarily by phospholipids could be aerosolized by an appropriate device (nebulizer for aqueous‐based formulations, pressurized metered dose inhalers for propellant or aqueous‐based formulations or dry powder inhaler for powder‐based formulations) to be deposited in the lungs following their aerodynamic diameter. Phospholipids included in the drug delivery systems could modulate aerodynamic performances and drug pharmacokinetic.
SF Box—A tool for evaluating the effects on soil functions in remediation projects
Authors: Volchko Yevheniya , Norrman Jenny , Rosén Lars , Norberg Tommy 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Although remediation is usually aimed at reducing the risks posed by contaminants to human health and the environment, it is also desirable that the remediated soil within future green spaces is capable of providing relevant ecological functions, e.g., basis for primary production. Yet while addressing a contamination problem by reducing contaminant concentration and/or amounts in the soil, the remedial action itself can lead to soil structure disturbances, decline in organic matter and nutrient deficiencies, and in turn affect a soil's capacity to carry out its ecological soil functions. This article presents the Soil Function Box (SF Box) tool that is aimed to facilitate integration of information from suggested soil quality indicators (SQIs) into a management process in remediation using a scoring method. The scored SQIs are integrated into a soil quality index corresponding to 1 of 5 classes. SF Box is applied to 2 cases from Sweden (Kvillebäcken and Hexion), explicitly taking into consideration uncertainties in the results by means of Monte Carlo simulations. At both sites the generated soil quality indices corresponded to a medium soil performance (soil class 3) with a high certainty. The main soil constraints at both Kvillebäcken and Hexion were associated with biological activity in the soil, as soil organisms were unable to supply plant-available N. At the Kvillebäcken site the top layer had a content of coarse fragment (ø &gt; 2 mm) higher than 35%, indicating plant rooting limitations. At the Hexion site, the soil had limited amount of organic matter, thus poor aggregate stability and nutrient cycling potential. In contrast, the soil at Kvillebäcken was rich in organic matter. The soils at both sites were capable of storing a sufficient amount of water for soil organisms between precipitation events. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:566–575. © 2014 SETAC
Key Points
A generic framework for soil function assessment within sustainability appraisal of remediation alternatives is presented. The framework is realized in the SF Box tool by scoring soil quality indicators and classifying the soil. Uncertainties in the soil quality indicators are treated using Monte Carlo simulation. The applicability of SF Box is demonstrated on 2 cases from Sweden.