bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Measurement of Localized Tibiofemoral Cartilage Strains in Response to Dynamic Activity
Authors: Sutter E. Grant , Widmyer Margaret R. , Utturkar Gangadhar M. , Spritzer Charles E. , Garrett William E. , DeFrate Louis E. 
Published: December 2014

Background: Altered local mechanical loading may disrupt normal cartilage homeostasis and play a role in the progression of osteoarthritis. Currently, there are limited data quantifying local cartilage strains in response to dynamic activity in normal or injured knees. Purpose/Hypothesis: To directly measure local tibiofemoral cartilage strains in response to a dynamic hopping activity in normal healthy knees. We hypothesized that local regions of cartilage will exhibit significant compressive strains in response to hopping, while overall compartmental averages may not. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Both knees of 8 healthy subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and immediately after a dynamic hopping activity. Images were segmented and then used to create 3-dimensional surface models of bone and cartilage. These pre- and postactivity models were then registered using an iterative closest point technique to enable site-specific measurements of cartilage strain (defined as the normalized change in cartilage thickness before and after activity) on the femur and tibia. Results: Significant strains were observed in both the medial and lateral tibial cartilage, with each compartment averaging a decrease of 5%. However, these strains varied with location within each compartment, reaching a maximum compressive strain of 8% on the medial plateau and 7% on the lateral plateau. No significant averaged compartmental strains were observed in the medial or lateral femoral cartilage. However, local regions of the medial and lateral femoral cartilage experienced significant compressive strains, reaching maximums of 6% and 3%, respectively. Conclusion: Local regions of both the femur and tibia experienced significant cartilage strains as a result of dynamic activity. An understanding of changes in cartilage strain distributions may help to elucidate the biomechanical factors contributing to cartilage degeneration after joint injury. Clinical Relevance: Site-specific measurements of in vivo cartilage strains are important because altered loading is believed to be a factor contributing to the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Specifically, this methodology and data could be used to evaluate the effects of soft tissue injuries (such as ligament or meniscus tears) on cartilage strains in response to dynamic activities of daily living.
On the suitability of the volume-averaging approximation for the description of thermal expansion coefficient of nanofluids
Authors: Zahmatkesh Iman 
Published: December 2014

Currently, volume-averaging approximation is in common use for the description of thermal expansion coefficient of nanofluids in terms of expansion coefficients of their constituents. The accuracy of this method is not, however, so clear since it ignores the dependence of density on temperature in the prediction of thermal expansion coefficient that may not be true in natural convection circumstances. In the current contribution, attention is focused to clarify how predictions of flow and thermal fields as well as heat transfer and entropy generation characteristics during natural convection of nanofluids may be influenced if one adopts the volume-averaging approximation for the description of thermal expansion coefficient. For this purpose, a porous enclosure saturated with several water-based nanofluids is simulated and results of the volume-averaged thermal expansion coefficient are compared with those of a recent correlation that takes into account the dependence of density on temperature.
Commentary on effects of tip relief on vibration responses of a geared rotor system
Authors: Ma Hui , Pang Xu , Wang Qibin , Song Rongze , Wen Bangchun 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of the present work is to revise the model of Ma et al. ( Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science 2014; 228(7): 1132–1154 ). In that work, emphasis is given to the effects of tip relief on the lateral-torsional coupling vibration responses of the system, in which the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) is calculated without considering the extension of the meshing period of a teeth pair due to dynamic overloads. Moreover, the dynamic model of the geared rotor system does not take into account no-loaded static transmission error (NLSTE) caused by tooth profile modification. In the present paper, the effect of the extended tooth contact on TVMS is considered and the dynamic model of the geared rotor system is revised by introducing the NLSTE. Based on the revised model, TVMS, loaded static transmission error (LSTE), NLSTE, and vibration responses are determined. Finally, comparisons of TVMS, LSTE, and vibration responses between the original model and the revised model are performed. The results show that there are some differences for the vibration responses between the original model and the revised model, and the vibration amplitude of the latter is smaller than that of the former. Furthermore, the conclusion in the original paper that the tip relief is not effective in reducing the vibration at higher mesh frequency range is not consistent with the results in current work any more.
Caring for tomorrow’s workforce
Authors: Monteverde Settimio 
Published: December 2014

Background: Preparing tomorrow’s healthcare workforce for managing the growing complexity of care places high demands on students, educators, and faculties. In the light of worrying data about study-related stress and burnout, understanding how students manage stressors and develop resilience has been identified as a priority topic of research. In addition to study-related stressors, also moral stressors are known to characterize the students’ first clinical experiences. Objectives: However, current debates show that it remains unclear how healthcare ethics education should address them. In order to clarify this issue, this study first develops the notion of moral resilience as a response to moral stressors involving both situations of moral complexity and moral wrongness. Second, it explores the potential of healthcare ethics education in fostering moral resilience. For this purpose, it defines moral resilience operationally as a reduction of moral distress in a given axis of time measured by a validated tool. Research design, participants, and context: The educational transferability was assessed within an explorative, quantitative pre–post interventional study with a purposive sample of 166 nursing students. The educational intervention comprised a lecture introducing the typology of moral stressors. Before and after the lecture, students were presented vignettes depicting morally stressful situations. Ethical considerations: The competent research ethics committee confirmed that no ethical approval was needed. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Findings: Three of four vignettes showed a modest but statistically significant reduction in measured levels of distress after the lecture (p < 0.05, α = 5%). Discussion: The study shows the potential of healthcare ethics education in providing students with transformative knowledge that fosters moral resilience. Conclusion: In times of global scarcity of educational resources, healthcare ethics education has an important contribution to offer in the promotion of students’ mental and physical health by strengthening the knowledge base of moral resilience. This legitimates its costs for societies, faculties, and professional bodies.
Interposition Bone Block Arthrodesis for Revision Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Joint Surgery
Authors: Malhotra Karan , Nunn Tim , Qamar Faisal , Rao Vadlamani , Shanker Jai 
Published: December 2014

Background: The operative management of failed hallux metatarsophalangeal joint surgery can be difficult. There is often substantial shortening of the first ray. Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint is one treatment option, but results in further shortening of the first ray. Methods: We present a large retrospective series of patients who had an interposition bone block arthrodesis procedure performed using a nonvascularized tricortical autologous iliac crest bone graft in an attempt to maintain first ray length. Twenty-four patients (25 feet) underwent this salvage procedure over a 10-year period. The mean follow-up period was 62 (range, 11-117) months. Results: Indications included failed hallux valgus surgery, Keller’s procedures, various other first metatarsal osteotomies, and failed arthrodesis procedures with shortening of the first ray. All patients had tricortical iliac crest grafts inserted into bony defects of mean length 10.7 (range, 8-15) mm. Fixation was achieved using either multiple wires or a low-profile plate. Mean lengthening was 4.4 (range, 0-8) mm. Three feet went on to nonunion requiring further revision surgery and at latest follow-up 2 had united. All patients underwent removal of a stabilizing Kirschner wire. Median patient-reported outcome score using the Foot and Ankle Disability Index was 84.6 (range, 37.5-97.1). Conclusion: These results suggest this procedure was successful in salvaging failed first ray surgery and prevented further shortening. We believe good results can be achieved, but care must be taken to ensure wound closure without excessive tension to permit wound healing. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Single-anastomosis gastric bypass: Better, faster, and safer?
Authors: Victorzon M. 
Published: December 2014

Background and Aims: Metabolic surgery is evolving and safer, but more effective alternatives are constantly sought for. The single-anastomosis gastric bypass was first described in 2001, and although controversial, this operation is gaining fast in popularity worldwide. This review is aiming at a critical evaluation of the procedure in the light of the literature. Methods: The abstracts of 73 articles were reviewed, and after removal of case studies, duplicates, and irrelevant articles, 10 articles remained for closer review. Results: Several thousand of this operation have been performed for more than 15 years. It is claimed to be an easier, safer, faster, and more effective metabolic operation compared to the standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The proponents of this operation also claim that this operation is easier to revise and reverse, leaving more options compared to the situation after standard bypass in case of failure. However, there is much controversy surrounding this method, mainly concerning the possible harmful and in the long-term even carcinogenic effects of biliopancreaticoduodenal reflux in the gastric pouch. Conclusion: The single-anastomosis gastric bypass may be an attractive alternative metabolic operation. However, further studies with robust, long-term follow-up are needed.
A report of a regional service for post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: a model for best practice?
Authors: Almallah Y. Zaki , Grimsley Samuel J.S. 
Published: December 2014

Introduction: Post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) is a potentially highly significant complication of a common urological procedure. Pathophysiology may be multifactorial but most commonly involves urinary sphincter weakness. The gold standard treatment for severe incontinence is artificial urinary sphincter but multiple alternatives exist. The growing incidence of PPI has led to the development of a specialized regional service dedicated to management Patients and methods: In 2004 a regional referral protocol for PPI was established with a dedicated clinic at a single centre for assessment and management including videourodynamics, pelvic floor rehabilitation, biofeedback and a consultant with a specialist interest in PPI surgery. Data regarding all in-house and tertiary referrals to this clinic between 2004 and 2011 were analysed with patients categorized by symptom severity. Results: A total of 267 patients were referred to the post-prostatectomy service (mean age 66.6, range 49–83 years) with numbers increasing year on year. Two-thirds of these were tertiary referrals: 27.7% of referrals were for mild symptoms, 35.2% moderate and 33.3% severe. One-third of referrals were made within 2 years of the primary procedure. Just over half of referred patients underwent invasive treatment including 24.3 artificial sphincter (24.3%) and male slings (22.8%). 7.5% patients were managed with medication, 14.6% were managed conservatively with containment therapy only. One-fifth remain under assessment or have deferred treatment. Conclusion: PPI is of increasing personal and societal impact which should be identified early and supported. Investigation and management can be standardized and intervention at a high volume centre achieved by early specialist referral.
Epidemiology and outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia infections among trauma patients of India: a five year experience
Authors: Rajkumari Nonika , Mathur Purva , Gupta Amit K , Sharma Kumkum , Misra Mahesh C 
Published: December 2014

Background: Infections by uncommon non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria are on the rise, but little is known about the risk factors and drug resistance in trauma patients in India. This study explored the infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and/or Burkholderia cepacia in trauma patients over a period of 5 years. Material and methods: Patients admitted for trauma care with S. maltophilia and/or B. cepacia isolated from clinical specimens were enrolled. Characteristics regarding the strain isolation, drug sensitivity pattern, multidrug resistance (MDR), patient, outcomes, and differentiation of true infection from colonisation were observed. Results: Of the total 233 isolates, 102 were S. maltophilia and 131 were B. cepacia; 4.3% were responsible for polymicrobial infections with other bacteria. There were more B. cepacia MDR isolates than S. maltophilia. Maximum resistance was found to tetracycline (86.7%) and tobramycin (86.7%) in B. cepacia and to co-trimoxazole (68.7%) in S. maltophilia. Of these, 21 (16.03%) had a fatal outcome and the remaining 111 (84.7%) were discharged healthy. The in-hospital mortality rate associated with B. cepacia was much (16%) higher than S. maltophilia (13%) at this centre. Conclusion: The analysis of epidemiology and outcome of these infections will help to inform their management and treatment.
Examining the policies and guidelines around the use of masks and respirators by healthcare workers in China, Pakistan and Vietnam
Authors: Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , MacIntyre C Raina , Zheng Yang , Wang Quanyi , Toor Zafar Iqbal , Dung Tham Chi , Hien Nguyen Tran , Seale Holly 
Published: December 2014

Background: There is an ongoing debate regarding the type of respiratory protection that should be recommended for use for healthcare workers. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three countries: China, Pakistan and Vietnam. Results: In China and Pakistan, the infection control guidelines were developed to be in line with the recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, while in the Vietnamese guidelines the recommendations correspond with the WHO suggestions only. The guidelines from all three countries document the need for training and fit testing; however there is no system to monitor the training and fit testing programs. Across the three countries, there was some inconsistency with regard to the types of products (i.e. masks vs. respirators) recommended for influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and tuberculosis. Conclusions: Available evidence should be examined and a comprehensive policy should be developed on the use of masks and respirators. The policy should address critical areas such as regulation, training, fit testing and reuse.
The effect of different oral hygiene treatments on the occurrence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in ventilated patients
Authors: Lev Amiram , Aied Abu Sebeih , Arshed Shibli 
Published: December 2014

Background: We compared the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) among patients treated with comprehensive oral care to those treated with conventional methods of oral care. Methods: We conducted a prospective, controlled study in an intensive care unit of 90 ventilated patients. Patients in the study group received a comprehensive oral hygiene treatment regimen that involved tooth brushing, suctioning, sodium bicarbonate, rinsing with an antiseptic solution containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide and a mouth moisturiser. Patients in the control group received a more conventional treatment that included cleaning with a sponge and atraumatic clamp, and rinsing with a 0.2% solution of chlorhexidine gluconate. Results: Among the 90 patients admitted to the ICU, 8.9% of the study group developed VAP compared with 33.3% of the control group ( p< 0.004). The development of VAP per 1,000 ventilation days was 10.2 in the study group, and 29.5 in the control group ( p< 0.06). The mean number of ventilation days and the mean number of hospitalisation days were also lower in the study group. Conclusions: In patients who are ventilated, a comprehensive oral hygiene treatment regimen that includes tooth brushing, suctioning and rinsing with an antiseptic is more effective in preventing VAP than more conventional protocols.
Global microRNA expression profiling uncovers molecular markers for classification and prognosis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Iqbal Javeed , Shen Yulei , Huang Xin , Liu Yanyan , Wake Laura , Liu Cuiling , Deffenbacher Karen , Lachel Cynthia M. , Wang Chao , Rohr Joseph , Guo Shuangping , Smith Lynette M. , Wright George , Bhagavathi Sharathkumar , Dybkaer Karen , Fu Kai , Greiner Timothy C. , Vose Julie M. , Jaffe Elaine , Rimsza Lisa , Rosenwald Andreas , Ott German , Delabie Jan , Campo Elias , Braziel Rita M. , Cook James R. , Tubbs Raymond R. , Armitage James O. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Staudt Louis M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , McKeithan Timothy W. , Chan Wing C. 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Well-defined miRNA signatures for normal B-cell subsets and their malignant counterparts including BL and DLBCL subgroups were identified. In DLBCL, miRNA-155 expression is associated with R-CHOP resistance, but in vitro sensitivity to AKT pathway inhibition.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: optimizing outcome in the context of clinical and biologic heterogeneity
Authors: Sehn Laurie H. , Gascoyne Randy D. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Although the majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with standard rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP), patients who fail R-CHOP have a dismal outcome. Thus, optimization of front-line therapy, as well as the development of more effective salvage strategies, remains an important objective. Advances in molecular genetics have vastly improved our understanding of the biological diversity of DLBCL and have led to the discovery of key oncogenic pathways. In addition to the major molecular designations of germinal center B-cell and activated B-cell subtypes, next-generation sequencing technologies have unveiled the remarkable complexity of DLBCL and identified unique molecular targets that may be differentially exploited for therapeutic benefit. These findings have translated into a growing list of promising novel agents. Moving forward, it is of paramount importance to recognize the heterogeneity of DLBCL and to investigate these targeted agents within patient populations who are most likely to benefit. It will be necessary to prioritize drugs that affect key driver pathways and to combine them rationally to optimize their benefit. Improved prognostication and the availability of predictive biomarkers will be crucial to allow for the possibility of individualized risk-adapted therapy.
Loss of DGKε induces endothelial cell activation and death independently of complement activation
Authors: Bruneau Sarah , Néel Mélanie , Roumenina Lubka T. , Frimat Marie , Laurent Lætitia , Frémeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Fakhouri Fadi 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Loss of DGKε in endothelial cells induces cell death, impairs angiogenic responses, and leads to an activated and prothrombotic phenotype. DGKE silencing in resting endothelial cells does not affect complement activation at their surface.
ST3Gal-4 is the primary sialyltransferase regulating the synthesis of E-, P-, and L-selectin ligands on human myeloid leukocytes
Authors: Mondal Nandini , Buffone Alexander , Stolfa Gino , Antonopoulos Aristotelis , Lau Joseph T. Y. , Haslam Stuart M. , Dell Anne , Neelamegham Sriram 
Published: December 2014

Key PointsA single α(2,3) sialyltransferase, ST3Gal-4, controls sLeX biosynthesis on N- and O-glycans in cells of human myeloid lineage. Blocking this enzyme activity prevents human neutrophil adhesion to E-, P-, and L-selectin.
Characterizing the electrical properties of raised S/D junctionless thin-film transistors with a dual-gate structure
Authors: Cheng Ya-Chi , Chen Hung-Bin , Su Jun-Ji , Shao Chi-Shen , Wang Cheng-Ping , Chang Chun-Yen , Wu Yung-Chun 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This letter demonstrates a p-type raised source-and-drain (raised S/D) junctionless thin-film transistors (JL-TFTs) with a dual-gate structure. The raised S/D structure provides a high saturation current (>1 μA/μm). The subthreshold swing (SS) is 100 mV/decade and the drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) is 0.8 mV/V, and the I
on/I
off current ratio is over 108 A/A for L
g = 1 μm. Using a thin channel structure obtains excellent performance in the raised S/D structure. Besides the basic electrical characteristics, the dual-gate structure can also be used to adjust V
th in multi-V
th circuit designs. This study examines the feasibility of using JL-TFTs in future three-dimensional (3D) layer-to-layer stacked high-density device applications.
Real-time communication in IEEE 802.11s mesh networks: simulation assessment considering the interference of non-real-time traffic sources
Authors: D Viegas Carlos M , Vasques Francisco , Portugal Paulo , Moraes Ricardo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWith the widespread deployment of wireless mesh networks (WMNs) in industrial environments, real-time (RT) communication may benefit from the multi-hop relaying infrastructure provided by WMNs. However, RT communication must be able to coexist with non-RT traffic sources that will interfere with RT communication. Within this context, this paper assesses the impact of interferences caused by non-RT traffic sources upon RT traffic in IEEE 802.11s mesh networks. Through an extensive set of simulations, we assess the impact of external traffic sources upon a set of RT message streams in different communication scenarios. According to the simulation results, we infer that RT traffic in 802.11s networks may be highly affected by external interferences, and therefore, such interferences must be taken into account when setting-up 802.11s networks. By varying the network load imposed by external interferences, we provide some useful hints about utilization thresholds above which the network can no longer reliably support RT traffic. We also present insights about the setting-up of some network parameters in order to optimize the RT communication performance.