bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Vitamin D3‐Enriched Diet on Egg Yolk Vitamin D3 Content and Yolk Quality
Authors: Yao Linxing , Wang Tong , Persia Michael , Horst Ronald L. , Higgins Mallory 
Published: January 2013

Abstract A 40‐wk experiment was conducted using Hy‐Line W‐36 laying hens (19‐wk old) to investigate the impact of feeding cholecalciferol‐enriched diets on egg yolk quality. Feeds were enriched with 4 cholecalciferol levels, 9700 (diet 2), 17200 (diet 3), 24700 (diet 4), and 102200 (diet 5) IU/kg feed. The control (diet 1) contained 2200 IU cholecalciferol/kg feed. Eggs from each replicate group of enriched diets were collected daily and the yolks were pooled into 2‐d period during the first 2 wk. During weeks 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, and 40, pooled samples were generated by daily collection of 3 consecutive days of egg production. The cholecalciferol content of egg yolk from the enriched diets increased rapidly during the first 3 wk. The peak cholecalciferol concentrations in egg yolk that occurred at week 3 were 865, 1641, 2411, and 34815 IU/100 g egg yolk (wet basis) from diet 2 to 5. The average cholecalciferol concentration in yolk during weeks 3 to 40 and the deposition rate of cholecalciferol during the first 3 wk were both linearly increased with the dietary cholecalciferol level when the feed contained no more than 24700 IU/kg cholecalciferol. Egg yolk lipid profile (total lipid content, fatty acid composition, phospholipid composition, and unsaponifiables), physical and functional properties (yolk viscosity and emulsifying property), and sensory quality of hard‐boiled egg yolk were not affected by the cholecalciferol enrichment in the feed.Practical Application:  A linear dose‐response relationship between dietary vitamin D3 level and egg yolk vitamin D3 content was established at relatively low enrichment levels. Such relationship can be used to formulate feed to achieve a target egg vitamin D level. High vitamin D yolk showed no difference from the conventional yolk in other compositional, functional, and sensory properties.
Oil Coating Affects Internal Quality and Sensory Acceptance of Selected Attributes of Raw Eggs during Storage
Authors: Nongtaodum Sinee , Jangchud Anuvat , Jangchud Kamolwan , Dhamvithee Pisit , No Hong Kyoon , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract Four (coconut, palm, rice bran, and soybean) edible oils and glycerol were applied on eggshell. All noncoated and coated eggs were stored for 5 wk at 25 ± 2 °C and drawn weekly for quality evaluation. All oil coatings were more effective in preserving internal quality of eggs than was glycerol coating. As storage time increased, the preservative effects of edible oil coating on weight loss, and albumen and yolk quality were significantly noticed. Oil‐coated eggs had significantly lower weight loss (<0.43%) than did noncoated (3.87%) and glycerol‐coated (3.73%) eggs after 5 wk of storage. Based on the Haugh unit, oil‐coated eggs maintained AA grade up to 3 wk. After 5 wk of storage, noncoated, glycerol‐coated, and oil‐coated eggs changed from AA grade to below B, below B and A grade, respectively. The albumen pH of noncoated and glycerol‐coated eggs considerably increased from 8.23 to 9.51 and 9.42, respectively, while those of oil‐coated eggs either maintained or slightly increased to 8.32. The albumen viscosity of all eggs decreased with increased storage time. Consumers (N = 120) could differentiate surface glossiness of oil‐coated eggs from uncoated eggs (R‐index of 81.42% to 86.99%). All oil‐coated eggs were acceptable for surface glossiness (liking scores of 6.22 to 6.77) and surface odor (liking scores of 6.20 to 6.55) with overall liking scores of 6.34 to 7.03. Overall, this study demonstrated that edible oil (coconut, palm, rice bran, and soybean) coating could preserve internal quality of eggs (maintaining grade A) at least 4 wk longer than noncoated eggs.Practical Application:  Freshness is a major contribution to the egg quality. The internal quality of eggs begins to deteriorate after they have been laid due to loss of moisture and carbon dioxide via the eggshell pores. Refrigeration is very effective in preserving egg quality. Surface coating is an alternative method to preserve egg quality, although it is much less effective than refrigeration. This study demonstrated that coconut, rice bran, soybean, and palm oils, which are abundant and commonly consumed in many parts of the world, could preserve the internal quality and reduce weight loss of oil‐coated eggs during room temperature storage.
Analysis of Starch in Food Systems by High‐Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography
Authors: Ovando‐Martínez Maribel , Whitney Kristin , Simsek Senay 
Published: January 2013

Abstract Starch has unique physicochemical characteristics among food carbohydrates. Starch contributes to the physicochemical attributes of food products made from roots, legumes, cereals, and fruits. It occurs naturally as distinct particles, called granules. Most starch granules are a mixture of 2 sugar polymers: a highly branched polysaccharide named amylopectin and a basically linear polysaccharide named amylose. The starch contained in food products undergoes changes during processing, which causes changes in the starch molecular weight and amylose to amylopectin ratio. The objective of this study was to develop a new, simple, 1‐step, and accurate method for simultaneous determination of amylose and amylopectin ratio as well as weight‐averaged molecular weights of starch in food products. Starch from bread flour, canned peas, corn flake cereal, snack crackers, canned kidney beans, pasta, potato chips, and white bread was extracted by dissolving in KOH, urea, and precipitation with ethanol. Starch samples were solubilized and analyzed on a high‐performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) system. To verify the identity of the peaks, fractions were collected and soluble starch and beta‐glucan assays were performed additional to gas chromatography analysis. We found that all the fractions contain only glucose and soluble starch assay is correlated to the HPSEC fractionation. This new method can be used to determine amylose amylopectin ratio and weight‐averaged molecular weight of starch from various food products using as low as 25 mg dry samples.
IgG4‐related disease in Singapore: a description of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Fong Warren Weng Seng , Thumboo Julian , Azhar Rafay , Yoong Jon Kah Choun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe describe a 42‐year‐old man who presented with painless obstructive jaundice, organomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the ampulla of Vater revealed the presence of increased populations of plasma cells which stained positively for immunoglobulin G4. He was treated with prednisolone and demonstrated significant clinical improvement 1 month later. A further case is described and a review of the literature is also provided.
Prevalence and risk factors for chloroquine maculopathy and role of plasma chloroquine and desethylchloroquine concentrations in predicting chloroquine maculopathy
Authors: Chiowchanwisawakit Praveena , Nilganuwong Surasak , Srinonprasert Varalak , Boonprasert Rasada , Chandranipapongse Weerawadee , Chatsiricharoenkul Somruedee , Katchamart Wanruchada , Pongnarin Piyapat , Danwiriyakul Wimonrat , Koolvisoot Ajchara , Arromdee Emvalee , Ruangvaravate Ngamkae 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of chloroquine maculopathy (CM), and to evaluate the association of plasma chloroquine (CQ) and desethylchloroquine (DCQ) levels and CM.MethodsRheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had taken CQ for at least 6 months and stable CQ dosage for at least 2 months were included. CM was diagnosed by dilated ocular examination and automated visual field. Plasma CQ and DCQ levels were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Logistic regression was used to explore risk factors associated with CM.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐three patients were included with median CQ duration (range) of 50.2 months (6.0–269.8) and cumulative dose of 137.4 g (16.4–1226.5). The prevalence of CM was 13.5%. Factors associated with CM identified from univariate analysis were age > 60 years, and creatinine clearance with odds ratio (OR) (95%CI) of 5.79 (2.42, 13.84), and 0.98 (0.96, 1.00). In multivariate analysis, older age, usage > 5 years, and current dose from 2.5 mg/kg ideal body weight [IBW]/day were the factors significantly associated with CM with OR of 5.89 (2.38, 14.57), 2.94 (1.10, 7.83), and 3.32 (1.04, 10.60), respectively, while plasma CQ and DCQ showed no association with CM.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CM was 13.5% among RA patients taking CQ for at least 6 months. Age > 60 years, duration of CQ usage > 5 years and current CQ dose ≥2.5 mg/kg IBW/day were the risk factors for CM. The plasma CQ or DCQ levels demonstrated no correlation in developing CM.
Farm dams facilitate amphibian invasion: Extra‐limital range expansion of the painted reed frog in South Africa
Authors: Davies Sarah J. , Clusella‐Trullas Susana , Hui Cang , McGeoch Melodie A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDriven by the mobility of organisms and novel habitats created by anthropogenic changes of landscape structure and climate, range expansion can modify the functioning of recipient ecosystems by altering ecosystem processes such as intra‐ and cross‐trophic biotic interactions. We explain the spatial and temporal dynamics of the recent range expansion of painted reed frogs (Hyperolius marmoratus Rapp) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. We identify the geographical and temporal origin of expansion, quantify extent of occurrence, internal range structure and habitat characteristics of occupied sites. The painted reed frog was introduced into its novel range during 1997 or early 1998, and is now widespread. Highly variable annual spread rates suggest both diffusion‐based and human‐mediated jump dispersal as drivers of the range expansion. Spatial structure is evident at the scale of the entire novel range, with two distinct populations separated by at least 100 km of unoccupied terrain. Models show that occupancy is limited by summer aridity, low winter temperatures and the absence of fringing vegetation around water bodies. The range structure and the presence of breeding populations in 26% of water bodies surveyed imply that there are further opportunities for range expansion across the network of artificial water bodies available. We infer that, facilitated by human‐mediated jump dispersal and the dense distribution of perennial farm dams, painted reed frogs have colonized the winter rainfall region of south‐western South Africa and fit the description of ‘urban exploiters’. Unspecialized habitat requirements, rapid spread and high local population sizes further suggest that they could compete with co‐occurring endemic frogs and hamper the conservation of these range‐restricted amphibians.
Platelet‐activating factor (PAF) induces wheal and flare skin reactions independent of mast cell degranulation
Authors: Krause K. , Giménez‐Arnau A. , Martinez‐Escala E. , Farré‐Albadalejo M. , Abajian M. , Church M. K. , Maurer M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) causes wheal and flare responses which are abrogated by H1‐antihistamines giving rise to the hypothesis that PAF‐induced wheal development is secondary to histamine release from dermal mast cells. But is this hypothesis correct?MethodsWheal and flare responses were induced by intradermal injection of PAF, codeine and histamine in 14 healthy volunteers. Dermal histamine and PGD2 contractions were measured using microdialysis.ResultsPAF, unlike histamine and codeine, did not cause a statistically significant rise in mean histamine levels with ten persons showing negligible histamine release. Codeine caused a significant but variable histamine release, ranging from 29 to 282 ng/ml. Codeine, but not PAF or histamine, caused a small but statistically significant release of PGD2.ConclusionWheal and flare reactions in human skin induced by PAF are not associated with histamine release and, therefore, appear to be independent of mast cell degranulation.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss): state of the art
Authors: Vaglio A. , Buzio C. , Zwerina J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg–Strauss, EGPA) is a systemic small‐vessel vasculitis associated with asthma and eosinophilia. Histology of EGPA shows tissue eosinophilia, necrotizing vasculitis, and eosinophil‐rich granulomatous inflammation. EGPA commonly presents with upper airway tract and lung involvement, peripheral neuropathy, cardiac and skin lesions. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are positive in ∼40% of the cases and more often in patients with clinical manifestations due to small‐vessel vasculitis. The pathogenesis of EGPA is multifactorial: the disease can be triggered by exposure to allergens or drugs, but a genetic background has also been recognized, particularly an association with HLA‐DRB4. Th2 responses are prominent, with up‐regulation of IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐5; however, Th1 and Th17 responses are not negligible. Eosinophils are activated, have a prolonged lifespan and probably cause tissue damage by releasing their granule proteins; their tissue recruitment can be regulated by chemokines such as eotaxin‐3 and CCL17. Humoral immunity is also dysregulated, as demonstrated by prominent IgG4 and IgE responses. EGPA promptly responds to glucocorticoid therapy, although combinations of glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclophosphamide, azathioprine) are eventually required in most cases. Newer therapeutic options include the anti‐IL5 antibody mepolizumab, whose efficacy has been described in small clinical trials, and the B‐cell‐depleting agent rituximab, reported in several case series.
Aberrant dendritic cell function conditions Th2‐cell polarization in allergic rhinitis
Authors: Pilette C. , Jacobson M. R. , Ratajczak C. , Detry B. , Banfield G. , VanSnick J. , Durham S. R. , Nouri‐Aria K. T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid (m) and plasmacytoid (p) dendritic cells (DCs) regulate immune responses to allergens, whereas it remains unclear whether abnormal DC function characterizes patients with airway allergy and whether putative dysfunction exists only in target organs. To evaluate DC function from patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), we assessed nasal, cutaneous as well as blood DCs after in vivo and in vitro allergen challenge, respectively.MethodsDCs were immunostained in nasal and skin tissues, and cytokine expression was assessed by dual immunofluorescence. Cytokine production and regulation of cocultured peripheral CD4+ T cells were assayed by ELISA.ResultsIn AR patients, local allergen challenge resulted in increases in pDC and mDC numbers at 8 h in the nasal mucosa and at 8–48 h in the skin. Defects in IL‐10 and IFN‐α were observed in both organs from AR. Blood mDCs from AR exhibited reduced IL‐10 and IL‐12 expression. The capacity of activated pDCs from AR to produce IFN‐α and to trigger IL‐10 by allogeneic CD4+ T cells was diminished, whereas mDCs from these patients supported Th2‐ and Th17‐cell differentiation.ConclusionIn allergic rhinitis, DCs are altered not only locally but also in the systemic circulation. mDCs and pDCs increased in airway and skin tissues exposed to the allergen and displayed reduced production of IL‐10 and ‘type 1 signals’ (IL‐12, IFN‐α) both locally and in blood. Functional studies showed that this results in preferential Th2/Th17‐cell polarization and impaired generation by blood DCs of IL‐10+ T cells, linking systemic DC dysfunction and biased T‐cell responses.
Uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage: an overview
Authors: Matsubara Shigeki , Yano Hitoshi , Ohkuchi Akihide , Kuwata Tomoyuki , Usui Rie , Suzuki Mitsuaki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn 1997, B‐Lynch pioneered the use of uterine compression sutures for postpartum hemorrhage. Since then, some researchers, including ourselves, have devised various uterine compression sutures. High‐level evidence has not been demonstrated as to whether compression sutures achieve better and safer hemostasis for postpartum hemorrhage than other methods, and, if they do, whether one suture is more efficient and safer than another. However, generally speaking, uterine compression sutures have achieved hemostasis while preserving fertility in many women and thus their efficacy and safety have been time‐tested. Each suture has both merits and drawbacks: obstetricians must be aware of the fundamental characteristics of various sutures. In this review, we summarize the technical procedures, efficacy, safety and complications of various uterine compression sutures. We add our own experiences and opinions where necessary.
Semiquantitative multi‐analysis of plasma obtained from Romney lambs (Ovis aries) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the classification according to feed type
Authors: Takahashi Fumihito , Mochizuki Mariko , Sato Touko , Katayama Kinya , Kenyon Paul R. , Morris Stephen T. , Kemp Peter D. , Ozawa Takeyuki , Ueda Fukiko , Tazaki Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe establishment of a classification system for domestic animals on consumed feed stuff is thought to be important from both a hygiene and market point of view. We collected plasma samples of Romney lambs (Ovis aries) which were fed one of the following: a herb‐clover mix (n = 10) which included chicory, red clover, white clover and plantain; a plant‐grass mix (n = 10) which included plantain, ryegrass and white clover; or a grass mix (n = 10) which included ryegrass and white clover. A total of 20 elements in plasma samples obtained from the lambs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The data were then analyzed by principal component analysis. The lambs were divided into three groups on a score plot depending on the different feed conditions. Furthermore, discriminant analyses of the elements were examined, using linear discriminant analysis with forward stepwise regression. This discriminant function correctly classified the samples from each group. The accuracy of classification of each group, as shown by 10‐fold cross‐validation, proved the effectiveness of the established discriminant function. It is concluded that using linear discriminant analysis might be a useful tool for the validation of elements from plasma in lambs grown in different conditions.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of linagliptin in African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Friedrich Christian , Glund Stephan , Lionetti Dominick , Kissling C. James , Righetti Julian , Patel Sanjay , Graefe‐Mody Ulrike , Retlich Silke , Woerle Hans‐Juergen 
Published: January 2013

AimThis was an open label, multicentre phase I trial to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor linagliptin in African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsForty‐one African American patients with T2DM were included in this study. Patients were admitted to a study clinic and administered 5 mg linagliptin once daily for 7 days, followed by 7 days of outpatient evaluation.ResultsPrimary endpoints were area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and plasma DPP‐4 trough inhibition at steady‐state. Linagliptin geometric mean AUC was 194 nmol l−1 h (geometric coefficient of variation, 26%), with a Cmax of 16.4 nmol l−1 (41%). Urinary excretion was low (0.5% and 4.4% of the dose excreted over 24 h, days 1 and 7). The geometric mean DPP‐4 inhibition at steady‐state was 84.2% at trough and 91.9% at maximum. The exposure range and overall pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of linagliptin in this study of African Americans with T2DM was comparable with that in other populations. Laboratory data, vital signs and physical examinations did not show any relevant findings. No safety concerns were identified.ConclusionsThe results of this study in African American patients with T2DM support the use of the standard 5 mg dose recommended in all populations.
Incidence and natural history of pure red cell aplasia in major ABO‐mismatched haematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Aung Fleur M. , Lichtiger Benjamin , Bassett Roland , Liu Ping , Alousi Amin , Bashier Qaiser , Ciurea Stefan O. , de Lima Marcos J. , Hosing Chitra , Kebriaei Partow , Nieto Yago , Oran Betul , Parmar Simrit , Qazilbash Muzaffar , Shah Nina , Khouri Issa , Champlin Richard E. , Popat Uday 
Published: January 2013

SummaryMajor ABO mismatching is not considered a contraindication to allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Modern reduced‐intensity conditioning and reduced‐toxicity regimens cause much less myeloablation than conventional myeloablative regimens, such as cyclophosphamide with busulfan or total body irradiation, which may affect the incidence of pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We estimated the incidence and described the natural history of PRCA in patients with major ABO‐mismatched donor stem cells. Between 2007 and 2008, 161 (27% of all patients undergoing HSCT) underwent allogeneic HSCT with major ABO‐mismatched stem cells and 12 (7·5%) of these patients developed PRCA. Thirty and ninety day T‐cell and myeloid cell chimerism and neutrophil and platelet engraftment did not differ between patients who developed PRCA and those who did not. The only risk factor associated with PRCA was the use of a fludarabine/busulfan conditioning regimen. All patients with PRCA needed red cell transfusion for several months after HSCT resulting in significant iron overload. Pure red cell aplasia resolved spontaneously in the majority (seven patients) but only resolved after stopping tacrolimus in three patients. Hence, after major ABO‐mismatched HSCT, the incidence of PRCA was 7·5% and it resolved spontaneously or after withdrawal of immunosuppression in the majority of patients.
Spatio‐temporal Analysis of the Effects of Hurricane Ivan on Two Contrasting Epiphytic Orchid Species in Guanahacabibes, Cuba
Authors: Wiegand Thorsten , Raventós José , Mújica Ernesto , González Elaine , Bonet Andreu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHurricanes represent the dominant type of disturbance in many tropical coastal forests. Here, we focus on mortality of epiphytic orchids caused by hurricane Ivan in the Guanahacabibes National Park (Cuba) and subsequent population recovery. We analyzed different aspects of hurricane damage on two contrasting epiphytic orchids, Broughtonia cubensis and Dendrophylax lindenii, as observed in three plots of coastal vegetation and in three plots of semi‐deciduous forest, respectively. First, we quantified the damage to host trees and orchids and explored if hurricane damage depended on height, size, or identity of the host tree. Second, we used mark connection and mark correlation functions to conduct a detailed analysis of small‐scale spatial patterns in hurricane damage for host trees and orchids. Finally, we analyzed the degree of recovery after Ivan during the 6 yr following the storm. Damage of B. cubensis host trees was independent of height and size, but Ivan severely affected larger and higher host trees of D. lindenii. Spatial analysis revealed non‐random structure in damage that differed between species. Broughtonia cubensis exhibited small‐scale spatial correlation in the proportion of damaged orchids, whereas D. lindenii did not. Dendrophylax lindenii showed ‘patchy’ damage patterns, correlated with height, but B. cubensis did not. The relative growth rate of B. cubensis for the 5–17 mo following Ivan was only moderately reduced and fully recovered in subsequent years, whereas that of D. lindenii was severely reduced the first year and did not fully recover thereafter. We hypothesize that differences in the host, vegetation type, and the traits of the two orchids contribute to the different responses to the hurricane.