bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some inconvenient truths about biosignatures involving two chemical species on Earth-like exoplanets
Authors: Rein Hanno , Fujii Yuka , Spiegel David S. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
The search for life on planets outside our own solar system is among the most compelling quests that humanity has ever undertaken. An often suggested method of searching for signs of life on such planets involves looking for spectral signatures of strong chemical disequilibrium. This article introduces an important potential source of confusion associated with this method. Any exoplanet can host a moon that contaminates the planetary spectrum. In general, we will be unable to exclude the existence of a moon. By calculating the most optimistic spectral resolution in principle obtainable for Earth-like planets, we show that inferring a biosphere on an exoplanet might be beyond our reach in the foreseeable future.
Control of type III secretion activity and substrate specificity by the cytoplasmic regulator PcrG
Authors: Lee Pei-Chung , Zmina Stephanie Elizabeth , Stopford Charles Morgan , Toska Jonida , Rietsch Arne 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are nanomachines used by pathogenic bacteria to directly inject effector proteins into host cells and thereby promote disease. Effector secretion is actively prevented until it is triggered by host cell contact. We have determined how cytoplasmic regulators that prevent premature effector secretion interact with the apparatus to block effectors from accessing T3SS. We also demonstrate that the burst of secretion observed when effector secretion is triggered consists of two genetically separable components: access of effectors to the T3SS and a change in secretion activity. The latter is achieved by modulating the ability of the T3SS to convert proton motive force into protein export.
Evolutionary history of redox metal-binding domains across the tree of life
Authors: Harel Arye , Bromberg Yana , Falkowski Paul G. , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceOxidoreductases mediate the biological production of chemical energy and regulate the flow of essential elements in all organisms and ecosystems, yet their evolutionary history is poorly understood. Here we present a network analysis of all known metal-containing oxidoreductases across the tree of life. Members of this network seem to have driven microbial metabolism in the Archean oceans. Our analysis reveals that oxidoreductases are polyphyletic and derived from a minimum of 10 different ancient protein families with distantly related domains. However, we find substantial evidence that two apparently distinct and ubiquitous iron-containing families of oxidoreductases containing Fe2S2and hemes arose from a single common ancestor.
La Mediacion en los Procesos de Negociacion: Un Estudio Experimental
Authors: Serrano Gonzalo , Méndez Maite 
Published: April 2014

El presente experimento compara diversas formas de mediación entre sí y en relación con la negociación sin intervención de terceros de cada ra la resolución de conflictos sociales. Se estudia la influencia de las condiciones de mediación y la intensidad del conflicto sobre el grado de acuerdo alcanzado, el clima y la satisfacción a lo largo de la negociación. Se sugieren varias explicaciones con relación a los resultados obtenidos, pero las hipótesis iniciales no quedan totalmente confirmadas.
Gramatica de la Mente y Conocimiento Tacito
Authors: Miró Mayte 
Published: April 2014

Este artículo se ha centrado en las limitaciones que han encontrado los intentos de construir modelos formales del conocimiento humano y en el significado de dichas limitaciones. Se ha argumentado que dichas limitaciones tienen su origen en el hecho de que las reglas que constituyen la gramática de la mente son reglas sensibles a los contextos, en oposición a puramente formales. Todo ello nos ha llevado ha exponer la tesis de que en el mundo social el conocimiento existe encarnado en individuos, pero no puede ser explicado desde el individuo, requiere un marco social. Y si esto es así, la Psicología cognitiva debe ser reinterpretada como psicología social del conocimiento. Nuestra apuesta personal es que el desarrollo futuro de esta posición será tanto más prometedor cuanto más uso sepa hacer de lo que ya empieza a ser llamado “Epistemología de la complejidad” (véase Jantsch, 1981; Guidano, en prensa; Ibáñez, 1986; Miró en prensa, b). El desarrollo de este reto, sin embargo, pertenece todavía al futuro de la investigación.
Valori e norme di fronte alla complessità
Authors: Calegari Paolo 
Published: April 2014

Scopo del presente contributo è quello di evidenziare alcune connessioni concettuali fra il mondo normativo ed il moderno approccio della complessità. A partire dal 1972, psicologi, etologi, antropologi culturali hanno sottolineato l'importanza dei codici sociali—oggettivati in diritti e doveri—in quanto parte integrante della interazione sociale. In particolare Calegari e Massimini (1979) hanno sostenuto che Le Costituzioni possono essere analizzate quali organizzazioni gerarchiche di sistemi complessi. Gli autori hanno indicato—nell'ambito di sistemi normativi—delle gerarchie di comprensione e di connessione riferite a centri di controllo di comportamenti registrati nelle Leggi fondamentali. Essi hanno sviluppato un metodo di analisi basato sulla identificazione di unità molari e di loro relazioni ed hanno messo a punto una serie di indici utili a misurare le dimensoni di complessità di tali sistemi. Sulla base di un sucessivo approfondimento, l'autore ha centrato la sua attenzione sulle decisioni adattive incluse nelle Costituzioni. La conseguente analisi cognitiva mostra che le strategie normative si configurano in livelli (metapiani, piani globali, sottopiani, istruzioni comportamentali) in accordo con la ipotesi sistémica generale formulata da Bruner, Goodnow ed Austin (1966). La organizzazione gerarchica di questo tipo di strategia è caratterizzata dalla valenza e dalla covalenza di piani globali e di sottopiani, dal grado di similarità dei metapiani e dei piani globali, dal grado di ridondanza emergente ai differenti livelli gerarchici. Le decisioni adattive sono presenti in numero limitato e ciò conferma le stipulazioni formulate dagli antropologi culturali. L'autore sottolinea che la presenza di ridondanza negli elementi di un sistema complesso rende possibile la sua descrizione in modo più coerente e completo.
El compromiso con el trabajo en la transición de la escuela al mundo laboral
Authors: Sancerni M. D. , Peiró J. M. , González-Romá V. , Meliá J. L. 
Published: April 2014

Este artículo presenta un estudio longitudinal del compromiso con el trabajo en relación con el status de empleo y el sexo de los individuos. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 355 jóvenes que en el tiempo 1 estaban estudiando Formación Profesional l.°-2.° curso, y un año después (tiempo 2) fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: empleados, desempleados, «desempleados encubiertos» (en la escuela pero con una clara propensión a abandonarla para ir a trabajar) y estudiantes comprometidos. Los resultados muestran que el compromiso con el trabajo incrementa significativamente del tiempo 1 al tiempo 2. Estos incrementos son más altos en las mujeres que en los varones. No se encontró un efecto predisposicional del compromiso con el trabajo sobre el status de empleo estudiado en el tiempo 2, no se encontraron cambios significativos del compromiso con el trabajo en función de las transiciones experimentadas por los jóvenes. Sin embargo, cuando se considera el sexo, los efectos de las transiciones son estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados muestran la fuerte influencia del sexo en los cambios en compromiso con el trabajo durante las transiciones que tienen lugar después de terminar Formación Profesional 1, transiciones que pueden ser consideradas como un «período crítico» en la socialización laboral.
El significado del valor trabajo como relacionado a la experiencia ocupacional: Una comparación de profesores de EGB y estudiantes del CAP
Authors: Ros María , Grad Héctor M. 
Published: April 2014

La estructura, la jerarquía del sistema de valores personales y el significado del valor trabajo son estudiadas aplicando la teoría de Schwartz (Schwartz & Bilsky, 1987, 1990) sobre la estructura motivacional del sistema de valores. Una muestra de profesores de EGB (N = 179) y otra de estudiantes del CAP (N = 193) respondieron a la versión castellana del SVS (Schwartz, 1987). La estructura de las puntuaciones de importancia atribuidas a los valores fue analizada mediante SVS (Guttman, 1968) y las medias de estas puntuaciones fueron comparadas mediante estadísticos convencionales. Los resultados muestran que la jerarquía y la estructura de valores son similares en ambas muestras. Sin embargo, el análisis del significado del valor trabajo revela distintos patrones de asociación con otros valores como resultado de la distinta experiencia ocupacional de ambos colectivos.
Representaciones cognitivas implícitas sobre el poder en la pareja y su relación con variables de personalidad
Authors: León Inmaculada , Marrero Hipólito , Castillo M. Dolores 
Published: April 2014

El propósito de nuestra investigación era analizar el nivel representacional del poder en las relaciones de pareja, definido mediante las teorías implícitas que explican y prescriben estas relaciones. Al mismo tiempo ver su relación con determinadas variables de personalidad, también de carácter cognitivo, como el locus de control y la esquematización del rol sexual. Cuatro teorías implícitas cubrían este nivel representacional: dos considerando al hombre como dominante, una por su supremacía y otra por la tradición; una tercera considerando más dominante a la mujer, por sus recursos y habilidades sutiles, y una cuarta que reconocía y prescribía la igualdad entre los sexos. Tras analizar los. resultados sobre 546 personas comprobamos que el locus de control cuando era interno se relacionaba con una creencia en la igualdad, y cuando era externo, en la diferencia entre los sexos. La esquematización sexual mostró relaciones menos definidas.
Extended-Release Naltrexone and Harm Reduction Counseling for Chronically Homeless People with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Collins Susan E. , Duncan Mark H. , Smart Brian F. , Saxon Andrew J. , Malone Daniel K. , Jackson T. Ron , Ries Richard K. 
Published: April 2014

Background Abstinence-based alcohol interventions are minimally desirable to and effective for chronically homeless individuals with alcohol dependence who have multimorbidity and high publicly funded service utilization and associated costs. Lower-barrier, patient-centered combined pharmacobehavioral interventions may more effectively treat this population. Harm reduction counseling involves a nonjudgmental, empathic style and patient-driven goal setting that requires neither abstinence nor use reduction. Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX), a monthly injectable formulation of an opioid receptor antagonist, reduces craving, is safe and effective for active drinkers, and may thereby support harm reduction goal setting. The aims of this 12-week, single-arm pilot were to initially document some aspects of feasibility, acceptability, and alcohol outcomes following XR-NTX administration and harm reduction counseling for chronically homeless individuals with alcohol dependence. Methods Participants were currently/formerly chronically homeless, alcohol-dependent individuals ( N = 31) from 2 community-based agencies in the US Pacific Northwest. Measures included self-reported alcohol craving, quantity/frequency, problems, and biomarkers (ethyl glucuronide [EtG], liver transaminases). XR-NTX and harm reduction counseling were administered monthly over the 3-month treatment course. Results Of the 45 individuals approached, 43 were interested in participation. The first injection was received by 31 participants, and 24 complied with all study procedures. Participants reported the treatment was acceptable. Participants evinced decreases in alcohol craving (33%), typical (25%) and peak (34%) use, frequency (17%), problems (60%), and EtG from the baseline to the 12-week follow-up ( Ps < .05). Conclusions XR-NTX and harm reduction counseling are promising means of supporting reductions in alcohol use and alcohol-related harm among chronically homeless, alcohol-dependent individuals.
Video-endoscopic comparison of swallowing waxy rice mochi and waxy wheat mochi: improvement of a traditional Japanese food that presents a choking hazard
Authors: Sanpei Ryuichi , Tohara Haruka , Fujita Shuzo , Yanagimachi Mashimi , Abe Kimiko , Nakayama Enri , Inoue Motoharu , Sato Mitsuyasu , Wada Satoko , Ueda Koichiro 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mochi is highly cohesive and adhesive, and easy to choke on. Many of the fatal suffocation accidents with mochi occur in the elderly aged 65 years or older. These circumstances prompted us to investigate a special property of waxy wheat which is similar in texture to waxy rice, but is less cohesive and adhesive. We compared the differences in chewing and swallowing movements associated with eating waxy rice mochi and waxy wheat mochi between healthy adults and healthy elderly. Healthy elderly chewed mochi more and longer than healthy adults. Although there was no difference in the number of chewing cycles or total duration of chewing between the two types of mochi, waxy wheat mochi was easier to chew and left less pharyngeal residue. These findings lead us to suggest that waxy wheat mochi is promising as a food that is easy to swallow and difficult to choke on.
Over-expression of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-I with an accessory protein co-expression: a key enzyme for carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Inoue Takahiro , Takao Kyousuke , Fukuyama Yuto , Yoshida Takashi , Sako Yoshihiko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase-I (CODH-I) from the CO-utilizing bacterium Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans are expected to be utilized as a part of reproducible carbon dioxide photoreduction system. However, the over-expression system for CODH-I remains to be constructed. CODH-I constitutes a hydrogenase/CODH gene cluster including a gene encoding a Ni-insertion accessory protein, CooC (cooC3). Through co-expression of CooC3, we found an over-expression system with higher activity. The Rec-CODH-I with the co-expression exhibits 8060 U/mg which was approximately threefold than that without co-expression (2270 U/mg). In addition, co-expression resulted in Ni2+ content increase; the amount of Ni atoms of Rec-CODH-I was approximately thrice than that without co-expression.
Efficiency of 2.45 and 5.80 GHz microwave irradiation for a hydrolysis reaction by thermostable β-Glucosidase HT1
Authors: Nagashima Izuru , Sugiyama Jun-ichi , Sakuta Tomomi , Sasaki Masahide , Shimizu Hiroki 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMicrowave irradiation at different frequencies gave unique results for the hydrolyses of glycosyl bonds by β-Glucosidase HT1. With the observed relative complex permittivity data for the reaction buffer, 2.45 GHz microwave radiation affected both waters and ions, while 5.80 GHz only affected waters. We, here, propose that would be one of the unique “microwave nonthermal effects”.
Effects of Growing Environment on Properties of Starch from Five Australian Wheat Varieties
Authors: Nhan Minh Tri , Copeland Les 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of growing conditions on properties of starch from wheat grain were examined. Growing conditions affected starch and amylose content, granule size distribution, protein associated with starch granules, and starch swelling power in grains from five commercial Australian milling wheat varieties grown at multiple locations in two years in crop production systems. Soil nitrogen and meteorological conditions were major contributors to variability in grain yield and grain protein and starch contents. The volume proportion of B‐granules was positively affected by warmer temperatures before flowering but negatively correlated with high temperatures during grain filling. Genotype was the main source of variability in the proportion of B‐granules and granule dimensions, starch‐granule proteins, and starch swelling power, although there were also significant contributions to variability from the growing conditions. Seasonal effects and interactions between genotype and season and location were significant sources of variability in amylose content, proportion of short chains of amylopectin, and flour swelling power. The positive relationships between starch content and the number of clear days and atmospheric temperatures before flowering indicate that conditions that enhance accumulation of assimilates before anthesis influence the deposition of reserves in developing grain.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Heat-Sensitive Alternative Splicing in Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Chang Chiung-Yun , Lin Wen-Dar , Tu Shih-Long 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Plant growth and development are constantly influenced by temperature fluctuations. To respond to temperature changes, different levels of gene regulation are modulated in the cell. Alternative splicing (AS) is a widespread mechanism increasing transcriptome complexity and proteome diversity. Although genome-wide studies have revealed complex AS patterns in plants, whether AS impacts the stress defense of plants is not known. We used heat shock (HS) treatments at nondamaging temperature and messenger RNA sequencing to obtain HS transcriptomes in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Data analysis identified a significant number of novel AS events in the moss protonema. Nearly 50% of genes are alternatively spliced. Intron retention (IR) is markedly repressed under elevated temperature but alternative donor/acceptor site and exon skipping are mainly induced, indicating differential regulation of AS in response to heat stress. Transcripts undergoing heat-sensitive IR are mostly involved in specific functions, which suggests that plants regulate AS with transcript specificity under elevated temperature. An exonic GAG-repeat motif in these IR regions may function as a regulatory cis-element in heat-mediated AS regulation. A conserved AS pattern for HS transcription factors in P. patens and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) reveals that heat regulation for AS evolved early during land colonization of green plants. Our results support that AS of specific genes, including key HS regulators, is fine-tuned under elevated temperature to modulate gene regulation and reorganize metabolic processes.
The nexus between monetary policy and housing in Egypt and South Africa
Authors: Abdel-Baki Monal 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the effectiveness of monetary policy in boosting the housing sectors in each of Egypt and South Africa, and to detect the ability of the monetary agents of both nations to tame house prices.Design/methodology/approach– An eight-variate two-stage structural vector autoregressive model compares the efficacy of monetary policy during the period from 1975 to 2010 in alleviating housing shortages in both nations.Findings– The impact of monetary policy on the housing sector is not found to be uniformly effective. In economies with more developed mortgage markets, like South Africa, monetary agents can affect credit availability, provided that they react promptly to supply and demand shocks. In countries depending on off-plan sales, such as Egypt, monetary policy has a substantial impact on housing starts.Originality/value– This paper adds to the economic development literature since it elucidates how monetary policy could be employed as an unconventional tool to alleviate housing shortages in developing nations.
Job performance of employees with disabilities
Authors: K. Baumgärtner Miriam , A. Böhm Stephan , J.G. Dwertmann David 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to follow the call of researchers to take intrapersonal resources into account when trying to understand the influence of interpersonal resources by investigating the interplay of social support and self-efficacy in predicting job performance of people with disabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected in an Israeli call center employing mostly people with disabilities. The independent and moderator variables were assessed by an employee survey. To avoid common source bias, job performance was rated by the supervisors four weeks after conducting the survey. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
– The first main effect hypothesis, stating a positive relationship between social support and job performance was conditionally supported (p=0.06). The relationship between self-efficacy and job performance did not gain support. In line with the extended support buffer hypothesis, the job performance of low self-efficacious employees increased with higher levels of social support. The interference hypothesis, postulating a negative effect of social support under the condition of high levels of self-efficacy, was not supported.

Practical implications
– The results indicate that employees with disabilities differ in the level of social support they need in order to reach high levels of job performance. Instead of a one-size-fits-all-approach, organizations should take individual levels of self-efficacy into account and offer support accordingly in order to unleash the full working potential.

Originality/value
– This is the first known empirical investigation examining the role of individual differences in the need of social support among employees with disabilities.
Female business faculty attrition: paths through the labyrinth
Authors: Klemm Verbos Amy , Vee E. Dykstra De 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore female business faculty perceptions about attrition from a business school to uncover factors that might assist in female faculty retention in business schools.Design/methodology/approach– Using a qualitative study approach and guided by past literature, the paper systematically analyses open-ended responses to interview questions and notes emergent themes.Findings– The major themes that emerged as factors leading to attrition: first, an exclusionary and managerialist culture which marginalized and demoralized women; second, curtailed career opportunities, including a lack of gender equity in promotion and tenure; third, poor leadership; and fourth, break up of a critical mass of women. The factors then that might assist in female faculty retention are a critical mass of women, gender equity, inclusive, collaborative cultures, psychological safety, and ethical leadership. The career patterns of the women indicated that a labyrinth is an apt metaphor for their career paths.Research limitations/implications– This research examines just one school from the perspective of women who left. It holds promise as the basis for future studies across business schools and to faculty within business schools to determine whether the emergent themes hold across schools.Originality/value– This study examines women in business academe through the attraction-selection-attrition framework and by extending the labyrinth career metaphor to an academic setting. The paper also provides a conceptual model of female faculty retention.