bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa and atypical bulimic nervosa: Effectiveness in clinical settings
Authors: Waller Glenn , Gray Emma , Hinrichsen Hendrik , Mountford Victoria , Lawson Rachel , Patient Eloise 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe efficacy of cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for bulimic disorders has been established in research trials. This study examined whether that efficacy can be translated into effectiveness in routine clinical practice.MethodSeventy‐eight adult women with bulimic disorders (bulimia nervosa and atypical bulimia nervosa) undertook individual CBT, with few exclusion criteria and a treatment protocol based on evidence‐based approaches, utilizing individualized formulations. Patients completed measures of eating behaviors, eating attitudes, and depression pre‐ and post‐treatment. Eight patients dropped out. The mean number of sessions attended was 19.2.ResultsNo pretreatment features predicted drop‐out. Treatment outcome was similar whether using treatment completer or intent to treat analyses. Approximately 50% of patients were in remission by the end of treatment. There were significant improvements in mood, eating attitudes, and eating behaviors. Reductions in bingeing and vomiting were comparable to efficacy trials.DiscussionThe improvements in this “real‐world” trial of CBT for adults with bulimic disorders mirrored those from large, funded research trials, though the conclusions that can be reached are inevitably limited by the nature of the trial (e.g., lack of control group and therapy validation). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:13–17)
The episodic evolution of fibritin: traces of ancient global environmental alterations may remain in the genomes of T4‐like phages
Authors: Letarov A. V. , Krisch H. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe evolutionary adaptation of bacteriophages to their environment is achieved by alterations of their genomes involving a combination of both point mutations and lateral gene transfer. A phylogenetic analysis of a large set of collar fiber protein (fibritin) loci from diverse T4‐like phages indicates that nearly all the modular swapping involving the C‐terminal domain of this gene occurred in the distant past and has since ceased. In phage T4, this fibritin domain encodes the sequence that mediates both the attachment of the long tail fibers to the virion and also controls, in an environmentally sensitive way, the phage's ability to infect its host bacteria. Subsequent to its distant period of modular exchange, the evolution of fibritin has proceeded primarily by the slow vertical divergence mechanism. We suggest that ancient and sudden changes in the environment forced the T4‐like phages to alter fibritin's mode of action or function. The genome's response to such episodes of rapid environmental change could presumably only be achieved quickly enough by employing the modular evolution mechanism. A phylogenetic analysis of the fibritin locus reveals the possible traces of such events within the T4 superfamily's genomes.
A natural antipredation experiment: predator control and reduced sea ice increases colony size in a long‐lived duck
Authors: Hanssen Sveinn A. , Moe Børge , Bårdsen Bård‐Jørgen , Hanssen Frank , Gabrielsen Geir W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAnthropogenic impact on the environment and wildlife are multifaceted and far‐reaching. On a smaller scale, controlling for predators has been increasing the yield from local natural prey resources. Globally, human‐induced global warming is expected to impose severe negative effects on ecosystems, an effect that is expected to be even more pronounced in the scarcely populated northern latitudes. The clearest indication of a changing Arctic climate is an increase in both air and ocean temperatures leading to reduced sea ice distribution. Population viability is for long‐lived species dependent on adult survival and recruitment. Predation is the main mortality cause in many bird populations, and egg predation is considered the main cause of reproductive failure in many birds. To assess the effect of predation and climate, we compared population time series from a natural experiment where a trapper/down collector has been licensed to actively protect breeding common eidersSomateria mollissima(a large seaduck) by shooting/chasing egg predators, with time series from another eider colony located within a nature reserve with no manipulation of egg predators. We found that actively limiting predator activity led to an increase in the population growth rate and carrying capacity with a factor of 3–4 compared to that found in the control population. We also found that population numbers were higher in years with reduced concentration of spring sea ice. We conclude that there was a large positive impact of human limitation of egg predators, and that this lead to higher population growth rate and a large increase in size of the breeding colony. We also report a positive effect of warming climate in the high arctic as reduced sea‐ice concentrations was associated with higher numbers of breeding birds.
Modelling groundwater residence time in a sub‐irrigated buffer zone
Authors: Mastrocicco M. , Boz B. , Colombani N. , Carrer G. M. , Bonato M. , Gumiero B. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the short groundwater residence time induced by the development of a dense rooting system in a forested area employed as a buffer zone planned for nitrogen removal. The buffer zone consists of a rectangular area of 0·7 ha sub‐irrigated by two ditches and drained by an outflow ditch lying in the centre of the area. The pristine soil (silty clay loam) was characterized by a low hydraulic conductivity, but the agricultural practice first, and then the rooting system increased the permeability of the top soil. This was confirmed by the elevated discharge in the outflow ditch and by the elevated hydraulic conductivity values determined via slug tests. The groundwater residence time was monitored, once the rooting system was completely developed, via Rhodamine‐WT injection in the inflow ditch. The breakthrough curves were simulated using a one‐dimensional analytical model (CXTFIT) to calculate the residence time. In addition, a three‐dimensional flow and transport model (MODFLOW and MT3DMS) was calibrated using piezometric heads, groundwater fluxes and Rhodamine‐WT concentrations. The CXTFIT model overestimated the dispersivity and underestimated velocity respect to MT3DMS. This study shows that residence time can decrease respect to the value expected from the hydraulic conductivities of the pristine soils and that one‐dimensional analytical models can give a false impression compared with soil parameters respect to three‐dimensional flow and transport models. Given the importance of the residence time for biological processes in buffer zones, a greater effort is needed to improve measurement techniques on subsurface flow's heterogeneity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of a Family of Tetra‐ and Octanuclear Mixed‐Valent Manganese Clusters
Authors: Yang Pei‐Pei , Shao Cong‐Ying , Zhu Li‐Li , Xu Yun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractReactions of manganese perchlorate and a quinquedentate Schiff base ligand (H3L), derived from o‐vanillin and 3‐amino‐1,2‐propanediol, together with a solution of coligands NaN3 or NaO2CH or NaO2CPh in methanol produced three new tetranuclear manganese clusters that contain a mixed‐valent tetrahedral MnIIMnIII3 core with the corresponding general formula [NaMnIIMn3III(μ4‐O2–)(HL)3(N3)3]ClO4·1.5H2O (1), [NaMnIIMn3III(μ4‐O2–)(HL)3(HCO2)3]ClO4·4H2O (2), and [NaMnIIMn3III(μ4‐O2–)(HL)3(PhCO2)(H2O)2](ClO4)2(PhCO2)·PhCO2H·H2O·CH3OH (3). According to the feature of the tetrahedral MnIIMnIII3 core, we used a terephthalic acid disodium salt (Na2TA) instead of NaO2CPh and obtained an octanuclear manganese cluster that contained two tetrahedral MnIIMnIII3 cores bridged by a TA2– ligand with the general formula [Na2Mn2IIMn6III(μ4‐O2–)2(HL)6(HCO2)2(CH3OH)2(TA)](TA)(ClO4)2·4CH3OH·9.5H2O (4). Variable‐temperature, solid‐state direct‐current (dc) magnetization studies were carried out on compounds 1–4 in the 2.0–300 K range. The magnetic susceptibility data of these four compounds were fit to the theoretical χmT versus T expression derived by the use of an isotropic Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian and the Van Vleck equation. The fitting results revealed the presence of both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions between the metal centers.
Towards the Design of Highly Luminescent Europium(III) Complexes
Authors: Botelho Moema B. S. , Gálvez‐López Maria D. , De Cola Luisa , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , de Camargo Andrea S. S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe report on the synthesis, characterization, and photophysical investigation of a new nine‐coordinate Eu3+ complex containing three tridentate ligands and exhibiting one of the highest emission quantum yields (Φ = 85 %) so far reported in solution. Ligand field theory (LFT) and semiempirical calculations were employed to predict the energies of the 7F stark levels of the ion with the aim to find the best geometry of the complex on the basis of matching experimental data. The results from the LFT analysis corroborated the existence of a nine‐coordinate Eu3+ center and proved the transferability of the charge factors used in this theoretical model. Our findings contribute to the design and full characterization of highly luminescent Eu3+ complexes, and our approach could be extended to other trivalent lanthanide complexes.
Suppression of visceral adipose tissue by palm kernel and soy‐canola diacylglycerol in C57BL/6N mice
Authors: Tang Teck‐Kim , Beh Boon‐Kee , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu Mohamed , Lo Seong‐Koon , Lee Yee‐Ying , Lai Oi‐Ming 
Published: September 2013

The present study investigated the health effect of two types of diacylglycerol (DG) produced from (i) palm kernel (PK) oil of medium‐chain saturated fatty acids and (ii) soy‐canola oil (SC) blend of long‐chain unsaturated fatty acids in C57BL/6N mice. As compared to diet containing 30% PK triacylglycerol (TG), 16 wk feeding trial on C57BL/6N mice with a diet consisting of 30% PKDG and 30% SCDG significantly (p<0.05) reduced the fat accumulation in epididymal and retroperitoneal regions. Serum glucose, cholesterol, leptin and insulin levels were significantly (p<0.05) suppressed in PKDG‐ and SCDG‐fed mice. In terms of gene expression, PKDG diet induced expression of acyl‐CoA synthase long chain (ACSL) and acyl‐CoA synthase medium chain mRNA in the small intestine of the mice while SCDG fed mice upregulated ACSL in liver and small intestine. This suggests that the difference in fatty acid composition of DG may potentially induce β‐oxidation in different organs in mice. Besides, expression of apolipoprotein B mRNA were reduced in mice fed with PKDG and SCDG, indicating the ability of PKDG and SCDG to reduce LDL levels. In conclusion, structural differences between DG and TG markedly influenced the metabolism of lipids in the body while fatty acid composition has only showed a minor effect.Practical applications: Medium chain type of DG oil, if proven to have similar effects to long chain type DG in this study, can be incorporated into food for health purposes and can replace conventional cooking oil as healthy functional cooking oil.
RCM Approach to Complex Polycyclic α‐Hydroxy γ‐Lactams: Synthesis of Indolizinones and Pyrroloazepinones
Authors: Gómez‐SanJuan Asier , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe allylmagnesium chloride addition/RCM sequence on N‐alkenyl‐substituted imides provides a mild access to indolizinone and pyrroloazepinone derivatives with the α‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactam framework. The procedure can be applied to the asymmetric synthesis of this type of derivatives, by employing a 2‐exo‐hydroxy‐10‐bornylsulfinyl group as a chiral auxiliary. Further functionality can be introduced at the angular position through an α‐amidoalkylation reaction.
Electrostatic Repulsion and Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions in a Simple N‐Aryl‐L‐valinamide Organocatalyst Control the Stereoselectivity in Asymmetric Aldol Reactions
Authors: Tanimura Yuya , Yasunaga Kenji , Ishimaru Kaori 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA novel stereocontrol method for asymmetric aldol reactions of aldehydes with ketones is described. The stereoselectivity of the products is controlled by the electrostatic repulsion and hydrogen‐bonding interactions of an N‐aryl‐L‐valinamide catalyst. The use of this catalyst in a cross‐aldol reaction allows easy access to bioactive 3‐cyclohexanone‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole with excellent diastereo‐ (syn/anti = >99:1) and enantioselectivity (>99 % ee).
Acute and chronic effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline mixtures in Ceriodaphnia dubia
Authors: Goolsby Eric W. , Mason Chase M. , Wojcik James T. , Jordan Alex M. , Black Marsha C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Ceriodaphnia dubia were tested to evaluate the acute and chronic interactive effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline. Observed effects were compared with 2 reference toxicity models, the concentration addition model and the independent action model. Results indicate that the 2 drugs exhibit additive toxicity in C. dubia. In some cases, individually sublethal concentrations of the chemicals resulted in 100% mortality when combined, demonstrating the potentially severe impact of trace environmental contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2866–2869. © 2013 SETAC
The effects of salinity exposure on multiple life stages of a common freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata
Authors: Blakeslee Carrie J. , Galbraith Heather S. , Robertson Laura S. , St. John White Barbara 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

There is growing concern over the effects of increased salinization on freshwater organisms, which are largely unknown for unionid mussels. Adult and larval Elliptio complanata were exposed to low-level salt concentrations to determine the effects on mussel survival, physiology, and reproduction. Adults were exposed to salt concentrations of 0 parts per thousand (ppt), 2 ppt, 4 ppt, and 6 ppt NaCl and monitored over 7 d for mortality. Treatment groups exposed to 6 ppt and 4 ppt experienced 50% mortality at day 3 and day 4, respectively, with complete mortality by day 7. No mortality was observed in the other treatments. Adults were also exposed to sublethal salinity levels of 1 ppt and 2 ppt NaCl for 4 wk to determine physiological consequences of prolonged salinity exposure. Mussels exposed to 1 ppt and 2 ppt experienced reduced metabolic rates within the first 24 h of exposure that recovered to control levels in the 1-ppt treatment within 7 d. Metabolic recovery did not occur in the 2-ppt treatment by the end of 28 d. Glochidia exposed to 3-ppt NaCl during attachment to their host fish suffered a reduction in attachment success and metamorphosis, resulting in a 10-fold reduction in the number of juveniles produced per host fish. The present study demonstrates that low levels of salt can have a dramatic effect on the reproduction, physiology, and survival of freshwater mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2849–2854. © 2013 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Validation of an extraction method for Cry1Ab protein from soil
Authors: Mueting Sara A. , Strain Katherine E. , Lydy Michael J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Corn expressing insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt corn) has increased in usage in the United States from 8% of total corn acreage in 1996 to 67% in 2012. Because of this increase, it is important to be able to monitor the fate and transport of the insecticidal Bt proteins to evaluate environmental exposure and effects. Accurate and validated methods are needed to quantify these proteins in environmental matrices. A method to extract Bt Cry1Ab proteins from 3 soil types using a 10× phosphate-buffered saline with Tween buffer and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was validated through a series of 6 tests. The validation process for Cry1Ab extractions in soil has not yet been reported in the scientific literature. The extraction buffer and each soil matrix were tested and validated for the ELISA. Extraction efficiencies were 41%, 74%, and 89% for the 3 soil types and were significantly correlated with the organic matter content of the soil. Despite low recoveries, consistent results with low coefficients of variation allowed for accurate measurements. Through validating this method with 3 different soils, a sensitive, specific, precise, and accurate quantification of Bt Cry1Ab was developed. The validation process can be expanded and implemented in other environmental matrices, adding consistency to data across a wide range of samples. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:18–25. © 2013 SETAC
Geotechnische und geohydraulische Aspekte beim Bau der Weserschleuse in Minden
Authors: Kauther Regina , Herten Markus , Montenegro Hector , Odenwald Bernhard 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie Schleusenbauwerke des Wasserstraßenkreuzes in Minden genügen mit den derzeitigen Abmessungen nicht mehr den Anforderungen der Schifffahrt und erreichen zudem in absehbarer Zeit das Ende ihrer technischen Nutzungsdauer. Die in den 1910er‐Jahren erstellte Schachtschleuse wird deshalb durch einen Neubau ersetzt, mit dessen Bau im Jahr 2010 begonnen wurde. Zur Minimierung der Verformungen der Schachtschleuse wurde auf der Westseite ein verformungsarmer Baugrubenverbau in Form einer überschnittenen Bohrpfahlwand und auf der Ostseite eine deutlich kostengünstigere Baugrubenböschung ausgeführt. Der Baugrubenverbau wurde kombiniert mit einer um die Baugrube umlaufenden Abdichtung im Quartär und einer Wasserhaltung im darunter anstehenden Fels. Beginnend mit der Projektbeschreibung, werden die wesentlichen Randbedingungen, der Baugrund, das Baugrubenkonzept und ausgewählte Aspekte der Interaktion zwischen Baugrund, Bauwerk und Grundwasser dargestellt.The new Weser lock in Minden – geotechnical and geohydraulic aspects. The dimensions of the existing ship lock at the waterway intersection in Minden do no longer meet the requirements of modern inland waterways. With an actual usage period of more than 90 years the technical lifetime of the existing lock has almost been reached thus replacement works started in 2010. In order to minimize deformations of the existing lock resulting of the adjacent excavation pit a secant pile wall was selected while ground conditions at the opposing side permitted a more cost‐effective sloped excavation. The geological settings of a layered aquifer consisting of highly permeable quaternary sands above fractured clay bedrock demanded a cut‐off wall in the shallow sediments and a drawdown scheme in the fractured bedrock. After describing the influence of site specific conditions on the excavation design some aspects of the interaction between ground, groundwater and structure are shown.
High‐speed solar wind with southward interplanetary magnetic field causes relativistic electron flux enhancement of the outer radiation belt via enhanced condition of whistler waves
Authors: Miyoshi Y. , Kataoka R. , Kasahara Y. , Kumamoto A. , Nagai T. , Thomsen M. F. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractRelativistic electron flux in the outer radiation belt tends to increase during the high‐speed solar wind stream (HSS) events. However, HSS events do not always cause large flux enhancement. To determine the HSS events that cause such enhancement and the mechanisms that are responsible for accelerating the electrons, we analyzed long‐term plasma data sets, for periods longer than one solar cycle. We demonstrate that during HSS events with the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)‐dominant HSS (SBz‐HSS), relativistic electrons are accelerated by whistler mode waves; however, during HSS events with the northward IMF‐dominant HSS, this acceleration mechanism is not effective. The differences in the responses of the outer radiation belt flux variations are caused by the differences in the whistler mode wave–electron interactions associated with a series of substorms. During SBz‐HSS events, hot electron injections occur and the thermal plasma density decreases due to the shrinkage of the plasmapause, causing large flux enhancement of relativistic electrons through whistler mode wave excitation. These results explain why large flux enhancement of relativistic electrons tends to occur during SBz‐HSS events.
Increasing summer river discharge in southern California, USA, linked to urbanization
Authors: Townsend‐Small Amy , Pataki Diane E. , Liu Hongxing , Li Zhaofu , Wu Qiusheng , Thomas Benjamin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSemi‐arid southern California relies heavily on imported water for domestic use. A synthesis of river discharge data in this region reveals that summer (June, July, and August) river discharge in watersheds that have at least 50% urban, suburban, and/or commercial land cover has increased by 250% or more over the past half‐century, without any substantial precipitation during these months. Total annual discharge in the Los Angeles River has also increased at levels up to several hundred percent. Three factors likely contribute to our observations: (1) increased groundwater recharge rates from leaking water pipelines, (2) inputs of treated wastewater into streams and rivers, and (3) increased runoff or recharge due to over‐irrigation of ornamental landscaping. In the southwestern United States, water importation consumes large amounts of energy and contributes to decline of river flows in source regions. Here we show that water importation also increases river flows in urban areas.
Stemflow on the woody parts of plants: dependence on rainfall intensity and event profile from laboratory simulations
Authors: Dunkerley David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the first experimental study of how rainfall intensity and event profile affects stemflow behaviour on the rigid branches and stems of leafless, woody plants. Constant intensity rainfall simulation experiments showed that stemflow fraction rises with intensity. Varying intensity experiments showed that the stemflow fraction and stemflow flux vary with the rainfall event intensity profile and peak intensity. Stemflow fraction tends to be larger when intensity peaks occur early in the rainfall event, and variable intensity events exhibited peak stemflow fluxes >3 times those seen in constant intensity events. Moreover, experiments in which incident drop energy was reduced by a mesh screen suspended above the test plant commonly showed increases of >100% (and exceeding 300% under particular intensity profiles) in stemflow fraction, depth and peak stemflow flux. The results suggest that the development of trickle pathways along woody branches is facilitated by rain of moderate intensity and that splash dislodgement of attached water progressively reduces the adhesion of drops during intense rainfall. Thus, in plants with extensive woody branches, it is not merely rainfall intensity that determines stemflow fraction but the temporal variations in rainfall intensity. This offers a new explanation for increased stemflow production when trees are leafless, than when foliage is present, in terms of the reduced intensity peaks during rain in the dormant season. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.