bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily nutrient contribution of meals served in the home grown school feeding of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Agbon C.A. , Onabanjo O.O. , Okeke E.C. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe Home Grown School Feeding and Health Programme (HGSHP) in Nigeria provides primary school pupils across the country with one meal daily. The purpose of this paper is to standardize the HGSHP meals in Osun State and determine the energy, protein and mineral contribution to the school children's daily nutrient intake.Design/methodology/approachAll the HGSHP meals served school children were studied. Questionnaire, standardization of recipe and chemical analysis were employed to evaluate the HGSHP meals and to suggest improvement.FindingsAll the meals were cooked. Dishes composed of a mixture of a legume (cowpea) commonly called beans, a cereal (maize or rice) or tuber (yam) taken with a soup or stew and fish or egg. The bean meals were high in protein and carbohydrate. All the dishes had very low zinc content and did not meet 30 per cent of the school children's daily zinc requirements.Originality/valueThis paper may be the first to evaluate the nutritional contribution of school meals in Nigeria.
Principal phenolic phytochemicals and antioxidant property in Eucalyptus bark
Authors: Srivastava Jyoti , Vankar Padma S. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to carry out phytochemical investigations of different extracts of Eucalyptus globulus bark such as aqueous, methanolic and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract (SCFE) with ethyl acetate as entrainer. Three fractions (Eu 8, 9 and 10) containing steroidal δ‐lactone were isolated from SCF extract and the structure of Eu‐10 was earlier determined on the basis of NMR, HPLC‐MS, X‐Ray crystallography.Design/methodology/approachColumn chromatography led to the isolation of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, etc. in different solvent systems. Isolated steroidal lactone (Eu‐8,9&10) of Withanolide series were tested for the presence of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the results were expressed as gGAE/100 g (TPC), and gQE/100 g (TFC), respectively. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated based on their ability to scavenge free radicals generated from ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 by spectrophotometric method.FindingsThe result of the present study showed that different extracts of E. globulus bark and the isolated fractions, exhibited different antioxidant activity. This was due to the fact that they contained different amounts of flavonoid and phenolic compounds as per their ability to solubilize these compounds; the high scavenging property of E. globulus may be attributed to hydroxyl groups existing in the phenolic compounds. All the samples exhibited different extent of antioxidant activity (AOA) and showed higher potency when compared with BHT in scavenging action of DPPH free radical. Comparative data analysis showed SCF extract to be better than methanolic and aqueous extracts, both in terms of yield and AOA, while Eu‐10 was the best amongst purified fractions.Practical implicationsThe present research has serious implications on identification of natural antioxidants from E. globulus. Natural antioxidants with better structure‐activity relationship are under investigation. Isolation of withanolide from Eucalyptus bark has opened newer horizon for its use.Social implicationsCollection of Eucalyptus bark from the forest (a forest waste) by women folk can be a source of revenue generation and thus has social implication as well. It is an important agro product.Originality/valueThe steroidal lactone (Eu‐10) showed highest radical scavenging effect even at IC50, thus the isolated lactone proved to be the best potential scavenger of free radicals amongst all crude extracts and the isolated fractions.
Aflatoxins level in tea samples in Amol (north of Iran)
Authors: Mohamadi Sani Ali , Gholampoor Azizi Eisa , Naeejic Zinat 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detect total aflatoxin (AFT) in domestic and imported tea in Amol (north of Iran).Design/methodology/approachA total of 42 tea samples including 21 domestic and 21 imported tea samples of three popular commercial brands were purchased from retail stores and analyzed for estimation of AFT by ELISA technique. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS software.FindingsAll of the tea samples were contaminated with detectable amount of AFT ranging from 1.5‐16.5 ng/g. The average±SD concentration of AFT in domestic and imported samples was 7.1±2.96 and 6.11±3.94 ng/g, respectively, which is lower than national and EU standards (10 ng/g). The AFT content in 9.5 and 14.3 percent of domestic and imported samples was more than the limited concentration, respectively. There was no significant difference in AFT content of samples of different commercial brands (p>0.05).Originality/valueNo research had been done to detect and compare the AFT content of domestic and imported tea in Iran.
Study of the mineral nutrients composition of three genotypes of peanuts
Authors: Claudia Rodrigues Angela , Luzia Ströher Gisely , Felidade Dias Lucia , Eduardo Silva Carlos , Matsushita Makoto , Vergilio Visentainer Jesuí , Evelázio de Souza Nilson 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of the genotype on the mineral composition (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Se, Zn and K) of peanuts.Design/methodology/approachSamples of peanut of three genotypes common names cultivar cavalo vermelho (CCV), cultivar cavalo rosa (CCR) and cultivar tatu (CTA) were used. They were grown in the Maringá, Paraná State region in the same period and were purchased directly from the producer. About 500 g of each genotype were purchased and divided into five equal parts. Each part was analyzed separately and in triplicate (n=15). Mineral analysis was performed in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with flame ionization.FindingsAmong the analyzed minerals, K occurred in the greatest amount (−600 mg · 100 g−1 of sample), followed by Mg (−250 mg · 100 g−1 of sample), and calcium (−65 mg · 100 g−1 of sample). These values were statistically equal for the investigated genotypes. The iron content varied significantly between samples (from 2.7 to 4.6 mg · 100 g−1 of sample). Zinc content ranged between 6 and 10 mg · 100 g−1 of sample. The contents of the other minerals (Cu, Mn, and Se) were lower than 4 mg · 100 g−1 of sample for all genotypes. The quantities of Mn and Se ranged between 1.2 and 2.1 mg · 100 g−1.Originality/valueHave few studies of comparative variation in minerals contents in different genotypes of peanuts. In relation to the RDI, the paper observed that 100 g of peanuts can provide significant amounts of most minerals or even more than the RDI amounts, all genotypes being very nutritious.
Antiproliferative activity of Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) and Jenipapo (Genipa americana L.) phenolic extracts
Authors: Abadio Finco Fernanda D.B. , Böser Sabrina , Graeve Lutz 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this work is to assess antiproliferative effects of phenolic extracts from Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) and Jenipapo (Genipa americana) fruits through a comparison of assays.Design/methodology/approachBacaba and Jenipapo phenolic extracts in a concentration range from 0 to 1400 μg/mL were tested by four different assays (MTT, MUH, methylene blue, trypan blue) to assess the antiproliferative potential of the phenolic compounds of these fruits.FindingsMTT test can be applied with confidence to assess antiproliferative activity to the fruits extracts here studied. The extract of Bacaba showed higher antiproliferative activity than the one of Jenipapo.Originality/valueGetting to know biofunctional properties of locally consumed fruits such as Bacaba and Jenipapo could enhance commercial properties to these fruits. This study is the first to one to assess the antiproliferative activity of the Brazilian fruits Bacaba and Jenipapo.
A phased dietary and lifestyle approach for the treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Bussell Gaynor 
Published: March 2013

PurposeAlthough affecting most women during their fertile years, PMS remains a poorly understood condition. The purpose of this paper is to present some diet and lifestyle treatment options based on literature review findings tempered with the author's experience of treating this condition.Design/methodology/approachFindings from the literature over the last 20 years and the experience of treating women with this condition have resulted in the development of a phased approach to treat PMS.FindingsThe phased approach is outlined as such: for phase 1 ensure the diet is healthy and balanced. In phase 2 swap high Glycemic Index foods for lower GI ones and eat regular meals. For phase 3 try supplements with evidence of efficacy such as calcium and vitamin D. Finally, in phase 4 address lifestyle factors such as activity, stress and weight plus control chronic health conditions.Research limitations/implicationsMore research is needed in this area; future work should focus on the use of the lower GI diet and weight loss.Practical implicationsThe four phased approach should be implemented before resorting to pharmacological intervention. Women may not need to follow all four phases and may find relief after just phase 1.Social implicationsFor PMS relief, women do not need to be following a diet that does not fit into a family situation; following the guidelines can have knock on health benefit on the rest of the family.Originality/valueUnsubstantiated anecdotes are often the main source of help for PMS sufferers. This approach sets achievable phased targets based on sound science and practical experience.
Antibacterial activity of oregano essential oil against foodborne pathogens
Authors: Gonçalves Cattelan Marília , Bonatto Machado de Castilhos Maurício , Juliana Pinsetta Sales Priscila , Leite Hoffmann Fernando 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of oregano essential oil against foodborne pathogens as a starting point for the use of spice as a natural preservative in food.Design/methodology/approachDisc and well‐diffusion assays were performed to investigate antibacterial activity of oregano essential oil against six bacteria strains: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Three concentrations of oregano essential oil were employed: 1.0 percent, 2.0 percent and 5.0 percent. Bacterial growth inhibition was determinate as the diameter of the inhibition zones.FindingsOregano essential oil showed antibacterial activity against spoilage microorganisms, at different concentrations, except for P. aeruginosa. There was a significant difference between methodologies only for the microorganism S. aureus. The results provided evidence of the existence of significant differences among the concentrations of oregano essential oil for each microorganism evaluated.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the research for this paper involved only oregano essential oil, it provided a starting‐point for further investigations concerning spices as natural preservatives for food systems.Practical implicationsDisc and well‐assays were found to be simple and reproducible practical methods. Other spices, their essential oil and extracts might be researched against other micro‐organisms. Furthermore, in situ studies need to be performed to evaluate possible interactions between essential oils and compounds naturally present in food against microbial strains.Social implicationsThe imminent adoption of measures to reduce the use of additives in foods and the reduction on using such compounds.Originality/valueThis study provides insights that suggest a promising exploratory development of food natural preservative against spoilage microorganisms in food systems by the use of oregano essential oil.
International volunteering: employability, leadership and more
Authors: Rothwell Andrew , Charleston Brandon 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the experiences of individuals in transition between education and work during international volunteering expeditions. While it was expected that outcomes might include employability enhancement and skill development, the authors aimed to clarify what the main factors were, examine employability related factors in relation to other groups of variables, investigate development needs perceived by individuals, and evaluate the extent to which factors explored were influenced by participant attributes. Finally, the authors aim to integrate these findings into a series of recommendations for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved 406 respondents in three countries, where data were collected in the field. Survey design was based on previous related studies in volunteering and employability. Principal components analyses revealed a four‐component structure relating to leadership and teamwork, the environment and empathy, values and volunteering, and personal skills.FindingsEmployability enhancement was not a primary motive for engaging in the expeditions. Data suggest that respondents had much more altruistic motivations, with perceived benefits more associated with emotional capital development and authentic leadership, although respondents also acknowledged an enhanced ability to deal with selection processes due to their enriched experiences.Research limitations/implicationsIn undertaking this work using quantitative methods, the authors acknowledge that they have limited access to the richness of data that might emerge from more in depth narrative analysis. Further research could engage respondents in focus group studies.Practical implicationsThe implications of this research are for individuals, that engagement with international volunteering for disingenuous reasons such as CV enhancement is likely to lead to failure, and for employers that individuals who have engaged are likely to have benefited from significant development in leadership skills. For international volunteering organisations, promotion of the employability‐enhancing attributes of the expedition may be less relevant to potential participants than the richness of the experience itself.Social implicationsEngagement with international volunteering is personally transformative as well as delivering benefits in the context of the communities where the volunteering took place. While some respondents were drawn from a “widening participation” background there were no significant differences in their responses.Originality/valueThe authors believe this is the first study to attempt a detailed analysis of the range of attributes potentially held by individuals engaging in international volunteering expeditions.
Investigating a flexible wind turbine using consistent time‐stepping schemes
Authors: Anders Denis , Uhlar Stefan , Krüger Melanie , Groß Michael , Weinberg Kerstin 
Published: March 2013

PurposeWind turbines are of growing importance for the production of renewable energy. The kinetic energy of the blowing air induces a rotary motion and is thus converted into electricity. From the mechanical point of view the complex dynamics of wind turbines become a matter of interest for structural optimization and optimal control in order to improve stability and energy efficiency. The purpose of this paper therefore is to present a mechanical model of a three‐blade wind turbine with a momentum and energy conserving time integration of the system.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a mechanical model based upon a rotationless formulation of rigid body dynamics coupled with flexible components. The resulting set of differential‐algebraic equations will be solved by using energy‐consistent time‐stepping schemes. Rigid and orthotropic‐elastic body models of a wind turbine show the robustness and accuracy of these schemes for the relevant problem.FindingsNumerical studies prove that physically consistent time‐stepping schemes provide reliable results, especially for hybrid wind turbine models.Originality/valueThe application of energy‐consistent methods for time discretization is intended to provide computational robustness and to reduce the computational costs of the dynamical wind turbine systems. The model is aimed to give a first access into the investigation of fluid‐structure interaction for wind turbines.
A numerical study on effect of temperature and inertia on tolerance design of mechanical assembly
Authors: Jayaprakash G. , Sivakumar K. , Thilak M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeDue to technological and financial limitations, nominal dimension may not be able achievable during manufacturing process. Therefore, tolerance allocation is of significant importance for assembly. Conventional tolerance analysis methods are limited by the assumption of the part rigidity. Every mechanical assembly consists of at least one or more flexible parts which undergo significant deformation due to gravity, temperature change, etc. The deformation has to be considered during tolerance design of the mechanical assembly, in order to ensure that the product can function as intended under a wide range of operating conditions for the duration of its life. The purpose of this paper is to determine the deformation of components under inertia effect and temperature effect.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, finite element analysis of the assembly is carried out to determine the deformation of the components under inertia effect and temperature effect. Then the deformations are suitably incorporated in the assembly functions generated from vector loop models. Finally, the tolerance design problem is optimized with an evolutionary technique.FindingsWith the presented approach, the component tolerance values found are the most robust to with stand temperature variation during the product's application. Due to this, the tolerance requirements of the given assembly are relaxed to certain extent for critical components, resulting in reduced manufacturing cost and high product reliability. These benefits make it possible to create a high‐quality and cost‐effective tolerance design, commencing at the earliest stages of product development.Originality/valueWith the approach presented in the paper, the component tolerance values found were the most robust to withstand temperature variation during the product's application. Due to this, the tolerance requirements of the given assembly are relaxed to a certain extent for critical components, resulting in reduced manufacturing cost and high product reliability. These benefits make it possible to create a high‐quality and cost‐effective tolerance design, commencing at the earliest stages of product development.
Numerical solution of time‐fraction modified equal width wave equation
Authors: Merdan Mehmet , Yildirim Ahmet , Gökdoğan Ahmet 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how an application of fractional two dimensional differential transformation method (DTM) obtained approximate analytical solution of time‐fraction modified equal width wave (MEW) equation.Design/methodology/approachThe fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense.FindingsIt is indicated that the solutions obtained by the two dimensional DTM are reliable and that this is an effective method for strongly nonlinear partial equations.Originality/valueThe paper shows that exact solutions can also be obtained from the known forms of the series solutions.
Parallel simulation of patient‐specific atherosclerotic arteries for the enhancement of intravascular ultrasound diagnostics
Authors: Balzani D. , Böse D. , Brands D. , Erbel R. , Klawonn A. , Rheinbach O. , Schröder J. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a computational framework for the simulation of patient‐specific atherosclerotic arterial walls. Such simulations provide information regarding the mechanical stress distribution inside the arterial wall and may therefore enable improved medical indications for or against medical treatment. In detail, the paper aims to provide a framework which takes into account patient‐specific geometric models obtained by in vivo measurements, as well as a fast solution strategy, giving realistic numerical results obtained in reasonable time.Design/methodology/approachA method is proposed for the construction of three‐dimensional geometrical models of atherosclerotic arteries based on intravascular ultrasound virtual histology data combined with angiographic X‐ray images, which are obtained on a routine basis in the diagnostics and medical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These models serve as a basis for finite element simulations where a large number of unknowns need to be calculated in reasonable time. Therefore, the finite element tearing and interconnecting‐dual primal (FETI‐DP) domain decomposition method is applied, to achieve an efficient parallel solution strategy.FindingsIt is shown that three‐dimensional models of patient‐specific atherosclerotic arteries can be constructed from intravascular ultrasound virtual histology data. Furthermore, the application of the FETI‐DP domain decomposition method leads to a fast numerical framework. In a numerical example, the importance of three‐dimensional models and thereby fast solution algorithms is illustrated by showing that two‐dimensional approximations differ significantly from the 3D solution.Originality/valueThe decision for or against intravascular medical treatment of atherosclerotic arteries strongly depends on the mechanical situation of the arterial wall. The framework presented in this paper provides computer simulations of stress distributions, which therefore enable improved indications for medical methods of treatment.
Cubic B‐spline differential quadrature methods and stability for Burgers' equation
Authors: Korkmaz Alper , Dağ İdris 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to simulate numerical solutions of nonlinear Burgers' equation with two well‐known problems in order to verify the accuracy of the cubic B‐spline differential quadrature methods.Design/methodology/approachCubic B‐spline differential quadrature methods have been used to discretize the Burgers' equation in space and the resultant ordinary equation system is integrated via Runge‐Kutta method of order four in time. Numerical results are compared with each other and some former results by calculating discrete root mean square and maximum error norms in each case. A matrix stability analysis is also performed by determining eigenvalues of the coefficient matrices numerically.FindingsNumerical results show that differential quadrature methods based on cubic B‐splines generate acceptable solutions of nonlinear Burgers' equation. Constructing hybrid algorithms containing various basis to determine the weighting coefficients for higher order derivative approximations is also possible.Originality/valueNonlinear Burgers' equation is solved by cubic B‐spline differential quadrature methods.