bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characterization of the physicochemical and sensory properties of full‐fat, reduced‐fat and low‐fat bovine, caprine, and ovine Greek yogurt (Labneh)
Authors: Atamian Samson , Olabi Ammar , Kebbe Baghdadi Omar , Toufeili Imad 
Published: February 2014

AbstractConcentrated/Greek yogurt or Labneh is a semisolid food produced from yogurt by eliminating part of its water and water‐soluble compounds. Today's world is geared toward the production of lower fat foods without compromising the texture and flavor of these products. The objective of this study was to characterize the physicochemical and sensory properties of bovine, caprine, and ovine Labneh with different fat levels. Bovine, caprine, and ovine milks were used to produce two batches of full‐fat (~10%), reduced‐fat (~5%), and low‐fat (<1%) concentrated yogurt samples. Chemical analyses of fat, moisture, protein, ash, syneresis, acidity, pH, sodium, magnesium, and calcium contents were conducted. Instrumental texture analysis using the back extrusion method was applied. Quantitative descriptive sensory analysis was used to profile samples by 11 trained panelists and the acceptability of samples was assessed by 47 panelists. Type of milk significantly affected (P < 0.001) all chemical attributes except moisture and nitrogen‐free extract, and fat level significantly impacted moisture, fat, protein, ash, acidity, and magnesium contents of Labneh. Type of milk significantly affected apparent modulus, hardness, hardness work done, and adhesive force, whereas fat level significantly affected hardness. Type of milk significantly affected the sensory attributes of syneresis, compactness, goaty odor and flavor, rate of flow, color, shininess, bitter flavor, denseness, melting rate, and spreadability, whereas fat level affected only color, denseness, and melting rate. Type of milk had a significant effect on overall acceptability and acceptability of flavor and texture.
Microvesicle‐associated microRNA expression is altered upon particulate matter exposure in healthy workers and in A549 cells
Authors: Bollati Valentina , Angelici Laura , Rizzo Giovanna , Pergoli Laura , Rota Federica , Hoxha Mirjam , Nordio Francesco , Bonzini Matteo , Tarantini Letizia , Cantone Laura , Pesatori Angela C. , Apostoli Pietro , Baccarelli Andrea A. , Bertazzi Pier Alberto 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCardiovascular disease risk has been consistently linked with particulate matter (PM) exposure. Cell‐derived microvesicles (MVs) are released into plasma and transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) between tissues. MVs can be produced by the respiratory system in response to proinflammatory triggers, enter the circulatory system and remotely modify gene expression in cardiovascular tissues. However, whether PM affects MV signaling has never been investigated. In this study, we evaluated expression of microRNAs contained within plasma MVs upon PM exposure both in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo study, we isolated plasma MVs from healthy steel plant workers before and after workplace PM exposure. We measured the expression of 88 MV‐associated miRNAs by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. To assess a possible source of the MV miRNAs identified in vivo, we measured their miRNA expression in PM‐treated A549 pulmonary cell lines in vitro. MiRNA profiling of plasma MVs showed 5.62‐ and 13.95‐fold increased expression of miR‐128 and miR‐302c, respectively, after 3 days of workplace PM exposure (P < 0.001). According to Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, miR‐128 is part of coronary artery disease pathways, and miR‐302c is part of coronary artery disease, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure pathways. In vitro experiments confirmed a dose‐dependent expression of miR‐128 in MVs released from A549 cells after 6 h of PM treatment (P = 0.030). MiR‐302c was expressed neither from A549 cells nor in reference lung RNA. These results suggest novel PM‐activated molecular mechanisms that may mediate the effects of air pollution and could lead to the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Well‐posedness of a parabolic free boundary problem driven by diffusion and surface tension
Authors: Zaal Martijn M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWell‐posedness and regularity results are shown for a class of free boundary problems consisting of diffusion on a free domain where the boundary movement depends on its mean curvature of the boundary and the diffusion on the boundary, and initial conditions are radially symmetric. Short‐time existence and uniqueness of solutions in a suitable Sobolev space are shown using a fixed‐point argument. Higher regularity is a posteriori. Finally, it is shown that solutions exist globally in time and converge to equilibrium if the boundary movement depends on the mean curvature of the boundary and diffusion in a specific way. A mathematical model describing the swelling of a cell due to osmosis is treated as an example. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A complete upper estimate on the localization for the degenerate parabolic equation with nonlinear source
Authors: Zheng Pan , Mu Chunlai 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper deals with the Cauchy problem for the degenerate parabolic equation with a strongly nonlinear source
urn:x-wiley:1704214:media:mma3094:mma3094-math-0001where N ≥ 1, p > 2, q ≥ p − 1, and the blow‐up time T < ∞ . It has been shown that the solution u(x,t) is strictly localized for q ≥ p − 1, provided that the initial function u0(x) has a compact support by Liang and Zhao. In addition, if q > 2p − 1, an upper estimate on the localization in terms of the initial support and the blow‐up time T is partially derived by Liang. In this work, by using the De Giorgi‐type iteration technique, we give a complete estimate on the localization for all q ≥ p − 1. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytoplasmic 5′‐nucleotidase autoantibodies in inclusion body myositis: Isotypes and diagnostic utility
Authors: Greenberg Steven A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Recent studies have identified circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) G autoantibodies against cytoplasmic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A (cN1A; NT5C1A) in patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM), whose detection provides for an IBM blood diagnostic test. Whether or not anti‐cN1A autoantibody isotypes other than IgG are present in IBM has not previously been reported. Methods: Plasma and serum samples from 205 patients (50 with and155 without IBM) were studied for the presence of IgM and IgA, in addition to IgG, anti‐cN1A autoantibodies using immunoblots and enzyme‐linked immunoassays (ELISAs). Results: IgM, IgA, and IgG anti‐cN1A autoantibodies were detected by ELISA with similar sensitivities (49–53%) and specificities (94–96%), but with differing patterns of autoantibody isotype presence. Combination assays of all 3 autoantibody levels improved diagnostic sensitivity to 76%. Conclusions: In addition to previously recognized IgG anti‐cN1A autoantibodies, IBM patients have circulating IgM and IgA anti‐cN1A autoantibodies. Differing patterns of these isotypes may be present and useful for diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 50: 488–492, 2014
Population‐based patterns of prescription androgen use, 1976–2008
Authors: Hall Susan A. , Ranganathan Gayatri , Tinsley Liane J. , Lund Jennifer L. , Kupelian Varant , Wittert Gary A. , Kantoff Philip W. , Morales Alvaro , Araujo Andre B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPurposePrescription testosterone (T) has limited approved medical indications and is a controlled substance in Canada. Utilization studies in other Westernized countries have revealed sharp increases in T use in recent years. We examined medical use of androgens, including T, over a ≥30‐year period among adult (18+) men in a population‐based study set in a Canadian juridisdiction of universal health care.MethodsAnalyses were based on data from electronic records of dispensed prescriptions during 1976–2008 in Saskatchewan, Canada. All formulations of androgens listed in the provincial formulary (oral and injectable) were included. We examined demographics of users, androgen types used, switching patterns, and trends in the annual rate of use over time.ResultsThere were 11 521 androgen users who were followed for an average of 11.8 years. Overall, 11 types of androgens were used, and there were 86 812 dispensing events. The mean age at first use was 56.4 years (median: 58). Men had 7.5 prescription dispensing events on average (median: 2). The most commonly used formulations were methyl‐T (36.2% of users) followed by T‐enanthate (32.5%), T‐cypionate (22.3%), and T‐undecanoate (20.0%). Most users (82%) did not switch among androgen types. The annual rate of use varied substantially over time, with a marked increase observed from 1994 to 1999 and a decrease from 2000 to 2008.ConclusionsAndrogen users were largely middle aged and had relatively few dispensings. We hypothesize that observed secular trends in androgen use may align with drug treatment pattern changes for erectile dysfunction, including the advent of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A smart rotor configuration with linear quadratic control of adaptive trailing edge flaps for active load alleviation
Authors: Bergami Leonardo , Poulsen Niels K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe paper proposes a smart rotor configuration where adaptive trailing edge flaps (ATEFs) are employed for active alleviation of the aerodynamic loads on the blades of the NREL 5 MW reference turbine. The flaps extend for 20% of the blade length and are controlled by a linear quadratic (LQ) algorithm based on measurements of the blade root flapwise bending moment. The control algorithm includes frequency weighting to discourage flap activity at frequencies higher than 0.5 Hz. The linear model required by the LQ algorithm is obtained from subspace system identification; periodic disturbance signals described by simple functions of the blade azimuthal position are included in the identification to avoid biases from the periodic load variations observed on a rotating blade. The LQ controller uses the same periodic disturbance signals to handle anticipation of the loads periodic component. The effects of active flap control are assessed with aeroelastic simulations of the turbine in normal operation conditions, as prescribed by the International Electrotechnical Commission standard. The turbine lifetime fatigue damage equivalent loads provide a convenient summary of the results achieved with ATEF control: 10% reduction of the blade root flapwise bending moment is reported in the simplest control configuration, whereas reductions of approximately 14% are achieved by including periodic loads anticipation. The simulations also highlight impacts on the fatigue damage loads in other parts of the structure, in particular, an increase of the blade torsion moment and a reduction of the tower fore‐aft loads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Sensory Disturbance and Discomfort After Robotic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Song Chang Myeon , Ji Yong Bae , Bang Hyang Sook , Park Chul Won , Kim Hyuck , Tae Kyung 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare short‐term and long‐term sensory disturbance and discomfort after robotic thyroidectomy versus conventional open thyroidectomy.MethodsWe compared 118 patients who underwent robotic thyroidectomy by a gasless unilateral axillobreast (GUAB) or axillary (GUA) approach with 176 patients who underwent conventional open thyroidectomy from April 2009 to June 2011. Postoperative hypesthesia/paresthesia and discomfort of the neck and anterior chest were evaluated regularly for 1.5 years using a questionnaire with a scale from 0 to 4.ResultsThere were no differences in neck discomfort or hypesthesia/paresthesia between the two groups. Neck discomfort and hypesthesia/paresthesia returned to preoperative levels by postoperative years 1.0 and 1.5, respectively, in both groups. Anterior chest discomfort and paresthesia/hypesthesia were higher in the robotic group than the open group. They returned to preoperative levels by postoperative year 1 in the robotic group and within 3 months in the open group.ConclusionsLong‐term sensory disturbance and discomfort of the neck does not differ between robotic thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy. However, anterior chest discomfort and sensory disturbance are greater and require longer times to recover after robotic thyroidectomy. Minimizing dissection of the anterior chest should be considered to reduce discomfort and sensory disturbance after robotic thyroidectomy by a GUAB/GUA approach.
Teaching Genomic Counseling: Preparing the Genetic Counseling Workforce for the Genomic Era
Authors: Hooker Gillian W. , Ormond Kelly E. , Sweet Kevin , Biesecker Barbara B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGenetic counselors have a long‐standing history of working on the clinical forefront of implementing new genetic technology. Genomic sequencing is no exception. The rapid advancement of genomic sequencing technologies, including but not limited to next generation sequencing approaches, across all subspecialties of genetic counseling mandates attention to genetic counselor training at both the graduate and continuing education levels. The current era provides a tremendous opportunity for counselors to become actively involved in making genomics more accessible, engaging the population in decisions to undergo sequencing and effectively translating genomic information to promote health and well‐being. In this commentary, we explore reasons why genomic sequencing warrants particular consideration and put forward strategies for training program curricula and continuing education programs to meet this need.
Patellar dislocation due to iatrogenic quadriceps fibrosis: Results of operative treatment in 54 cases
Authors: Hung Nguyen Ngoc , Tan Do , Do Ngoc Hien Nguyen 
Published: February 2014

Objective To evaluate the clinical and functional results of a surgical treatment of patellar dislocation whose etiology was iatrogenic quadriceps fibrosis in children. Materials and methods A prospective study was undertaken from February 2004 to December 2009. The study included 54 pediatric patients (56 knees) that had developed dislocation of the patella after repeated intramuscular injections of antibiotic(s) into the quadriceps muscle. There were 11 males (20.4 %) and 43 females (79.6 %). The patients’ mean age at surgery was 7 years, 9 months (range 6 years, 4 months to 12 years, 6 months). A complete history of each patient was recorded. The affected knees were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively on the basis of the symptoms, signs, and roentgenographic findings. Patellar dislocation was classified according Bensahel's criteria. All patients had a three-part surgical procedure that combined capsulorrhaphy, quadricepsplasty, and transfer of the vastus medialis oblique to the superior border of the patella. Results There has been no poor postsurgical result or recurrence so far; we have noted an ugly scar in nine knees (16.1 %), limitation of the knee flexion in five knees (8.9 %), and loss of extension of 5 °–20 ° in four knees (7.1 %). Overall, we attained excellent results in 39 knees (69.7 %), good results in 13 knees (23.2 %), and fair results in four knees (7.1 %). Conclusion In our cases of pediatric dislocation of the patella caused by iatrogenic quadriceps fibrosis, the introduced three-part surgical procedure has shown great success in restoring the realignment mechanism of the patella. The technique is simple, safe, and effective in skeletally immature children.
Co‐occurrence of antisocial behavior and substance use: Testing for sex differences in the impact of older male friends, low parental knowledge and friends' delinquency
Authors: MAdams Tom A. , Salekin Randall T. , Marti C. Nathan , Lester Whiney S. , Barker Edward D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTDelinquency and substance use (SU) are commonly comorbid during adolescence. In the present study we investigate this co‐morbidity with 3 main objectives: 1. Evaluate reciprocal relationships between delinquency/SU across early adolescence. 2. Assess the impact of older male friends, low parental knowledge and friends' delinquency on subsequent development and inter‐relationships of delinquency and SU. 3. Evaluate sex differences in these relationships.We applied cross‐lagged structural equation models to the analysis of a longitudinal sample (n = 3699). Findings demonstrated: (1) At ages 13–14 delinquency predicted SU more so than vice versa but effects became equal between ages 14 and 15. (2) Low parental knowledge and friends' delinquency predicted delinquency and SU. Older male friends predicted ASB. (3) Sex differences were present. For example, in the absence of antisocial friends low parent knowledge at age 12 indirectly predicted increased age 15 SU for girls more than boys.
Growth rate controlled synthesis of hierarchical Bi2S3/In2S3 core/shell microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Zhou Juan , Tian Guohui , Chen Yajie , Shi Yunhan , Tian Chungui , Pan Kai , Fu Honggang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCore/shell heterostructure composite has great potential applications in photocatalytic field because the introduction of core can remarkably improve charge transport and enhance the electron-hole separation. Herein, hierarchical Bi2S3/In2S3 core/shell structured microspheres were prepared via a simple one-pot hydrothermal process based on different growth rate of the two kinds of sulphides. The results showed that, the as-prepared hierarchical Bi2S3/In2S3 core/shell heterostructure exhibits significant visible light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol. The introduction of Bi2S3 core can not only improve charge transport and enhance the electron-hole separation, but also broaden the visible light response. The hierarchical porous folwer-like shell of In2S3 could increase the specific surface area and remarkably enhanced the chemical stability of Bi2S3 against oxidation.
Chemerin reduces vascular nitric oxide/cGMP signalling in rat aorta: a link to vascular dysfunction in obesity?
Authors: Neves Karla Bianca , Lobato Núbia S. , Lopes Rhéure Alves Moreira , Filgueira Fernando P. , Zanotto Camila Ziliotto , Oliveira Ana Maria , Tostes Rita C. 
Published: February 2014

The adipokine chemerin has been implicated in cardiovascular complications associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Chemerin has direct effects on the vasculature, augmenting vascular responses to contractile stimuli. As NO/cGMP signalling plays a role in vascular dysfunction associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, we hypothesized that chemerin induces vascular dysfunction by decreasing NO/cGMP signalling. Aortic rings from male Wistar rats (10–12 weeks of age) were incubated with chemerin (0.5 or 5 ng/ml for 1 h) or vehicle and isometric tension was recorded. Vasorelaxation in response to ACh (acetylcholine), SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and BAY 412272 [an sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) stimulator] were decreased in chemerin-treated vessels. The NOS (NO synthase) cofactor BH4 (tetrahydrobiopterin), an O2− (superoxide anion) scavenger (tiron) and a SOD (superoxide dismutase) mimetic (tempol) abolished the effects of chemerin on ACh-induced vasodilation. eNOS (endothelial NOS) phosphorylation, determined by Western blotting, was increased in chemerin-treated vessels; however, the enzyme was mainly in the monomeric form, with decreased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio. Chemerin decreased the mRNA levels of the rate-limiting enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis GTP cyclohydrolase I. Chemerin-incubated vessels displayed decreased NO production, along with increased ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation. These effects were abrogated by BH4, tempol and L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). sGC protein expression and cGMP levels were decreased in chemerin-incubated vessels. These results demonstrate that chemerin reduces NO production, enhances NO breakdown and also decreases NO-dependent cGMP signalling, thereby reducing vascular relaxation. Potential mechanisms mediating the effects of chemerin in the vasculature include eNOS uncoupling, increased O2− generation and reduced GC activity.
The kinin B1 receptor regulates muscle-specific E3 ligases expression and is involved in skeletal muscle mass control
Authors: Parreiras-e-Silva Lucas T. , Reis Rosana I. , Santos Geisa A. , Pires-Oliveira Marcelo , Pesquero João B. , Gomes Marcelo D. , Godinho Rosely O. , Costa-Neto Claudio M. 
Published: February 2014

Regulation of muscle mass depends on the balance between synthesis and degradation of proteins, which is under the control of different signalling pathways regulated by hormonal, neural and nutritional stimuli. Such stimuli are altered in several pathologies, including COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes, AIDS and cancer (cachexia), as well as in some conditions such as immobilization and aging (sarcopenia), leading to muscle atrophy, which represents a significant contribution to patient morbidity. The KKS (kallikrein–kinin system) is composed of the enzymes kallikreins, which generate active peptides called kinins that activate two G-protein-coupled receptors, namely B1 and B2, which are expressed in a variety of tissues. The local modulation of the KKS may account for its participation in different diseases, such as those of the cardiovascular, renal and central nervous systems, cancer and many inflammatory processes, including pain. Owing to such pleiotropic actions of the KKS by local modulatory events and the probable fine-tuning of associated signalling cascades involved in skeletal muscle catabolic disorders [for example, NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt pathways], we hypothesized that KKS might contribute to the modulation of intracellular responses in atrophying skeletal muscle. Our results show that kinin B1 receptor activation induced a decrease in the diameter of C2C12 myotubes, activation of NF-κB, a decrease in Akt phosphorylation levels, and an increase in the mRNA levels of the ubiquitin E3 ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 (muscle RING-finger protein-1). In vivo, we observed an increase in kinin B1 receptor mRNA levels in an androgen-sensitive model of muscle atrophy. In the same model, inhibition of the kinin B1 receptor with a selective antagonist resulted in an impairment of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression and IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) phosphorylation. Moreover, knockout of the kinin B1 receptor in mice led to an impairment in MuRF-1 mRNA expression after induction of LA (levator ani) muscle atrophy. In conclusion, using pharmacological and gene-ablation tools, we have obtained evidence that the kinin B1 receptor plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle proteolysis in the LA muscle atrophy model.
Helix–loop–helix/basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor network represses cell elongation in
Arabidopsis
through an apparent incoherent feed-forward loop
Authors: Zhiponova Miroslava K. , Morohashi Kengo , Vanhoutte Isabelle , Machemer-Noonan Katja , Revalska Miglena , Van Montagu Marc , Grotewold Erich , Russinova Eugenia 
Published: February 2014

Significance
Our work provides an insight into the complex network of basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH)/helix–loop–helix (HLH) transcription factors that regulates cell elongation. An unknown network motif (an incoherent feed-forward loop) has been discovered that was established by two negative regulators of brassinosteroid responses, namely the HLH transcription factor INCREASED LEAF INCLINATION1 BINDING bHLH1 (IBH1) and its unidentified homolog, IBH1-LIKE1 (IBL1). We also suggest that IBH1 and IBL1 coexist with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (another key regulator of cell elongation) in transcriptional complexes.