bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of leg fat accumulation with adiposity‐related biological factors and risk of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Hu Emily A. , Wu Hongyu , Malik Vasanti , Sun Qi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:To examine associations between regional fat mass (FM) distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors among ethnic minority groups, such as non‐Hispanic blacks and Hispanics.Design and Methods:The associations among 8,802 US residents who participated in the 1999‐2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were examined. Body composition was measured using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Leg fat indices included leg FM, leg FM percent (FM%), leg to whole body FM ratio (leg/whole), and leg to trunk FM ratio (leg/trunk). The correlation between leg fat indices and adiposity‐related risk factors, as well as the association of these indices with metabolic syndrome (MetS) was evaluated.Results:After adjusting for covariates including age, gender, and trunk FM or trunk FM%, higher leg FM and leg FM% were, in general, correlated favorably with adiposity‐related risk factors and associated with lower odds of MetS in all ethnicities, including non‐Hispanic whites and blacks and Hispanic groups. In addition, in all multivariate‐adjusted models, leg/whole and leg/trunk ratios were strongly associated with lower levels of most risk factors and decreased odds of MetS in these ethnicities (all odds ratios comparing extreme quintiles < 0.1).Conclusions:Results show that leg fat accumulation is inversely associated with adiposity‐related biological factors and risk of MetS in both whites and ethnic groups, suggesting that regional fat distribution plays an important role in the etiology of adiposity‐related diseases in these populations.
PROP taster status interacts with the built environment to influence children's food acceptance and body weight status
Authors: Burd Carlye , Senerat Araliya , Chambers Earle , Keller Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectives:Eating behaviors and obesity are complex phenotypes influenced by genes and the environment, but few studies have investigated the interaction of these two variables. The purpose of this study was to use a gene‐environment interaction model to test for differences in children's food acceptance and body weights.Design and Methods:Inherited ability to taste 6‐n‐propylthiouracil (PROP) was assessed as a marker of oral taste responsiveness. Food environment was classified as “healthy” or “unhealthy” based on proximity to outlets that sell fruits/vegetables and fast foods using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The cohort consisted of 120 children, ages 4‐6 years, recruited from New York City over 2005‐2010. Home address and other demographic variables were reported by parents and PROP status, food acceptance, and anthropometrics were assessed in the laboratory. Based on a screening test, children were classified as PROP tasters or non‐tasters. Hierarchical linear models analysis of variance was performed to examine differences in food acceptance and body mass index (BMI) z‐scores as a function of PROP status, the food environment (“healthy” vs. “unhealthy”), and their interaction.Results and Conclusion:Results showed an interaction between taster status and the food environment on BMI z‐score and food acceptance. Non‐taster children living in healthy food environments had greater acceptance of vegetables than taster children living in healthy food environments (P ≤ 0.005). Moreover, non‐tasters from unhealthy food environments had higher BMI z‐scores than all other groups (P ≤ 0.005). Incorporating genetic markers of taste into studies that assess the built environment may improve the ability of these measures to predict risk for obesity and eating behaviors. Obesity (2012)
Genetic risk factors for BMI and obesity in an ethnically diverse population: Results from the population architecture using genomics and epidemiology (PAGE) study
Authors: Fesinmeyer Megan D. , North Kari E. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Lim Unhee , Franceschini Nora , Wilkens Lynne R. , Gross Myron D. , Bůžková Petra , Glenn Kimberly , Quibrera P. Miguel , Fernández‐Rhodes Lindsay , Li Qiong , Fowke Jay H. , Li Rongling , Carlson Christopher S. , Prentice Ross L. , Kuller Lewis H. , Manson JoAnn E. , Matise Tara C. , Cole Shelley A. , Chen Christina T.L. , Howard Barbara V. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Henderson Brian E. , Monroe Kristine R. , Crawford Dana C. , Hindorff Lucia A. , Buyske Steven , Haiman Christopher A. , Le Marchand Loic , Peters Ulrike 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Several genome–wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated that common genetic variants contribute to obesity. However, studies of this complex trait have focused on ancestrally European populations, despite the high prevalence of obesity in some minority groups.Design and Methods:As part of the “Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE)” Consortium, we investigated the association between 13 GWAS‐identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BMI and obesity in 69,775 subjects, including 6,149 American Indians, 15,415 African‐Americans, 2,438 East Asians, 7,346 Hispanics, 604 Pacific Islanders, and 37,823 European Americans. For the BMI‐increasing allele of each SNP, we calculated β coefficients using linear regression (for BMI) and risk estimates using logistic regression (for obesity defined as BMI ≥ 30) followed by fixed‐effects meta‐analysis to combine results across PAGE sites. Analyses stratified by racial/ethnic group assumed an additive genetic model and were adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking. We defined “replicating SNPs” (in European Americans) and “generalizing SNPs” (in other racial/ethnic groups) as those associated with an allele frequency‐specific increase in BMI.Results:By this definition, we replicated 9/13 SNP associations (5 out of 8 loci) in European Americans. We also generalized 8/13 SNP associations (5/8 loci) in East Asians, 7/13 (5/8 loci) in African Americans, 6/13 (4/8 loci) in Hispanics, 5/8 in Pacific Islanders (5/8 loci), and 5/9 (4/8 loci) in American Indians.Conclusion:Linkage disequilibrium patterns suggest that tagSNPs selected for European Americans may not adequately tag causal variants in other ancestry groups. Accordingly, fine‐mapping in large samples is needed to comprehensively explore these loci in diverse populations.
Impact of participant and interventionist race concordance on weight loss outcomes
Authors: Batch Bryan C. , Ard Jamy D. , Vollmer William M. , Funk Kristine , Appel Lawrence J. , Stevens Victor J. , Samuel‐Hodge Carmen , Loria Catherine M. , Hollis Jack F. , Svetkey Laura P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:We have previously shown that racial composition of behavioral intervention groups does not affect achieved weight loss. However, it is unclear if the race of the interventionist affects intervention outcomes. The objective of this analysis is to estimate the impact of race concordance between participant and interventionist on weight change in the initial weight loss phase (phase I) of the Weight Loss Maintenance trial (WLM).Design and Methods:A total of 1,685 overweight or obese adults (BMI 25‐45 kg/m2) who were taking medication for hypertension and/or dyslipidemia participated in phase I of the WLM trial. All participants received a 6‐month intensive behavioral intervention in groups of 15‐20 facilitated by a trained interventionist. The main outcome is change in weight at 6 months.Results:Participants were on average 55 years of age, 67% female and 44% African American (AA). Three of seventeen interventionists were AA, 14 were non‐AA. Seventy‐three percent of participants shared race concordance with the interventionist. There was a small but statistically significant difference in weight change of participants who were the same race as the interventionist (−5.84 kg, s.e. 0.17) as compared with those who were not race concordant (−5.04 kg, s.e. 0.33), a difference of 0.8 kg, (P = 0.04). The impact of concordance on weight change differed by race (i.e., interaction of race and concordance was significant, P = 0.02).Conclusions:In a post hoc analysis of a group‐based behavioral intervention, race concordance for non‐AA participants was associated with slightly greater weight loss. Race concordance was not associated with weight loss for AA participants.
Body fat responses to a 1‐year combined exercise training program in male coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Pimenta Nuno M. , Santa‐Clara Helena , Sardinha Luís B. , Fernhall Bo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:To analyze the body fat (BF) content and distribution modifications in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients in response to a 1‐year combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (CET) program.Design and Methods:We followed two groups of CAD male patients for 12 months. One group consisted of 17 subjects (57 ± 12 years) who engaged in a CET program (CET group) and the other was a age‐matched control group of 10 subjects (58 ± 11 years). BF content and distribution were measured through dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) at baseline and follow‐up.Results:We found no differences on body mass and BMI between baseline and end of follow‐up in both groups but, in CET group, we found significant reductions in all analyzed BF depots, including total BF (21.60 ± 6.00 vs. 20.32 ± 5.89 kg, P < 0.01), % total BF (27.8 ± 5.5 vs. 26.4 ± 5.4%, P < 0.05), trunk fat (12.54 ± 3.99 vs. 11.77 ± 4.01 kg, P < 0.05), % trunk fat (31.1 ± 6.9 and 29.2 ± 7.1%, P < 0.05), appendicular fat (8.22 ± 2.08 vs. 7.72 ± 2.037 kg, P < 0.01), % appendicular fat (25.7 ± 4.9 and 24.5 ± 4.9%, P < 0.05), and abdominal fat (2.95 ± 1.06 vs. 2.75 ± 1.10 kg, P < 0.05). Control group showed significant increase in appendicular fat (7.63 ± 1.92 vs. 8.10 ± 2.12 kg, P < 0.05).Conclusions:These results confirm the positive effect of CET on body composition of CAD patients, despite no changes in body mass or BMI. In this study, we observed no alterations on BF distribution meaning similar rate of fat loss in all analyzed BF depots. These results also alert for the limitations of BMI for tracking body composition changes.
Comparison of gross body fat‐water magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in obese women
Authors: Silver Heidi J. , Niswender Kevin D. , Kullberg Joel , Berglund Johan , Johansson Lars , Bruvold Morten , Avison Malcolm J. , Welch E.Brian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Improved understanding of how depot‐specific adipose tissue mass predisposes to obesity‐related comorbidities could yield new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity as well as metabolic benefits of weight loss. We hypothesized that three‐dimensional (3D) contiguous “fat‐water” MR imaging (FWMRI) covering the majority of a whole‐body field of view (FOV) acquired at 3 Tesla (3T) and coupled with automated segmentation and quantification of amount, type, and distribution of adipose and lean soft tissue would show great promise in body composition methodology.Design and Methods:Precision of adipose and lean soft tissue measurements in body and trunk regions were assessed for 3T FWMRI and compared to dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Anthropometric, FWMRI, and DXA measurements were obtained in 12 women with BMI 30‐39.9 kg/m2.Results:Test–retest results found coefficients of variation (CV) for FWMRI that were all under 3%: gross body adipose tissue (GBAT) 0.80%, total trunk adipose tissue (TTAT) 2.08%, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) 2.62%, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) 2.11%, gross body lean soft tissue (GBLST) 0.60%, and total trunk lean soft tissue (TTLST) 2.43%. Concordance correlation coefficients between FWMRI and DXA were 0.978, 0.802, 0.629, and 0.400 for GBAT, TTAT, GBLST, and TTLST, respectively.Conclusions:While Bland–Altman plots demonstrated agreement between FWMRI and DXA for GBAT and TTAT, a negative bias existed for GBLST and TTLST measurements. Differences may be explained by the FWMRI FOV length and potential for DXA to overestimate lean soft tissue. While more development is necessary, the described 3T FWMRI method combined with fully‐automated segmentation is fast (<30‐min total scan and post‐processing time), noninvasive, repeatable, and cost‐effective.
Consequences of obstructive sleep apnea on metabolic profile: A Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Togeiro Sonia M. , Carneiro Glaucia , Ribeiro Filho Fernando F. , Zanella Maria T. , Santos‐Silva Rogerio , Taddei Jose A. , Bittencourt Lia R.A. , Tufik Sergio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjective:Epidemiologic studies that control for potential confounders are needed to assess the independent associations of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with metabolic abnormalities. The aim of our study was to evaluate the associations of OSA with metabolic abnormalities among the adult population of Sao Paulo, Brazil.Design and Methods:Questionnaires were applied face‐to‐face, full night polysomnography (PSG) was performed, and blood samples were collected in a population‐based survey in Sao Paulo, Brazil, adopting a probabilistic three‐stage cluster sample method. The metabolic profile included fasting glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. The hepatic insulin resistance index was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMAIR).Results:A total of 1,042 volunteers underwent PSG. Mild OSA and moderate to severe OSA comprised 21.2% and 16.7% of the population, respectively. Subjects with severe to moderate OSA were older, more obese, had higher fasting glucose, HOMAIR, and triglycerides (TG) levels than did the mild and non‐OSA group (P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that an apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 and a time of oxy‐hemoglobin saturation <90% were independently associated with impaired fasting glucose, elevated TG, and HOMAIR.Conclusions:The results of this large cross‐sectional epidemiological study showed that the associations of OSA and metabolic abnormalities were independent of other risk factors.
Development and Validation Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Natural Extracts and Nanosystems
Authors: da Silva Sara Baptista , Oliveira Ana , Ferreira Domingos , Sarmento Bruno , Pintado Manuela 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionSage and savoury (Salvia sp. and Satureja montana, respectively) are plants used in traditional medicine. The quality control of their herbal formulations is of paramount concern to guarantee the expected biological activity of their anti‐oxidant compounds.ObjectiveTo establish a simple and effective high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method to evaluate simultaneously quercetin and rosmarinic acid, in a pure form, in natural extracts (sage and savoury), and encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles.MethodsChromatography was performed on an RP C18‐column, in a gradient mode with a mobile phase comprising methanol:formic acid:water 92.5:2.5:5 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.75 mL/min and at wavelength of 280 nm.ResultsThe method was specific, linear in the range of 0.05–1 mg/mL (R2 = 1.00), precise at the intraday and interday levels, accurate (recovery rate 90.5 ± 0.6%), and robust to changes in equipment conditions.ConclusionThe method established was effective for quercetin and rosmarinic acid characterisation in natural extracts and in chitosan nanoparticles, allowing the loading capacity determination, the association efficiency as well as the in vitro release. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peptides and peptidoaldehydes as substrates for the Pictet–Spengler reaction
Authors: Pulka Karolina , Slupska Marta , Puszko Anna , Misiak Maria , Wilczek Marcin , Kozminski Wiktor , Misicka Aleksandra 
Published: May 2013

The Pictet–Spengler (PS) reaction was performed with various types of substrates: H‐Trp‐OMe and dipeptides with N‐terminal Trp as arylethylamine components and Z‐protected amino aldehydes and peptidoaldehydes as carbonyl components. We found that the C‐terminal part of Trp derivatives did not have any influence on the stereoselectivity of the reaction and the results are the same for simple esters of Trp and dipeptides.On the contrary, the selectivity of the PS reaction with peptidoaldehydes with L configuration of the C‐terminus residue is totally different from that obtained with simple L‐amino aldehydes. It allows us to obtain cis stereoisomers, which cannot be isolated from the reaction with amino aldehydes. But the utility of the peptidoaldehydes as substrates for the PS reaction is reduced by the side formation of enamides which decrease the yield of cyclization. Copyright © 2013 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global changes in propagation of stationary waves in a warming scenario
Authors: Freitas Ana Carolina Vasques , Rao V. Brahmananda 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn investigation of how stationary Rossby wave (SRW) propagation can change in response to the A2 climate change scenario is made using six coupled ocean–atmosphere general‐circulation models (OAGCM). The simulation results for the present‐day climate (1960–1990) are compared with the NCEP/NCAR and ECMWF ERA‐40 re‐analyses. The zonal wind, the SRW kinetic energy (KE) pattern along the waveguide and the stationary wave‐number are used to analyse the changes in the SRW propagation for the winter season of each hemisphere. The main result shows that in future climate (2069–2099) the SRW propagation for longer distances is unfavourable for the main waveguides in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH), which is confirmed through the SRW KE decrease. A poleward shift of the subtropical jet stream in future climate is also shown by five models in the SH and by three in the NH.
In situ13CO2 pulse‐labeling in a temperate heathland – development of a mobile multi‐plot field setup
Authors: Reinsch Sabine , Ambus Per 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEPulse‐labeling with 13CO2 and the subsequent analysis of 13C‐carbon via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) have been shown to be an excellent method to investigate the terrestrial carbon cycle. Improving 13CO2 manipulation experiments will facilitate our understanding of carbon cycling processes.METHODSA mobile field setup for in situ 13CO2 pulse‐labeling was developed for low vegetation field experiments. Two pulse‐labeling experiments were conducted in a Danish heathland in September 2010 (Exp1) and May 2011 (Exp2). A flow‐through system was developed where labeling chambers were supplied with 13CO2‐enriched air from a gas reservoir. Reservoir and chamber air was sampled over the course of the experiments and analyzed for CO2 concentration and isotopic composition on a GasBench II interfaced with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The soil CO2 efflux and the atom% excess in soil respiration were assessed after the 13CO2‐pulse to verify the setup performance.RESULTSThe carbon dioxide concentrations and 13CO2 enrichments were stable during the experiments. The CO2 concentrations conformed to the aimed values, whereas the 13CO2 enrichments were lower than expected. The sources of error for the deviation in observed atom% 13CO2 values are discussed, and a measurement procedure is suggested for samples highly enriched in 13C by using adjusted resistor settings of the mass spectrometer. However, more work has to be done. Enrichment patterns in soil respiration agree with published observations indicating satisfactory performance of the developed system.CONCLUSIONSA mobile flow‐through system suitable for continuous in situ 13CO2 pulse‐labeling was successfully developed that is easily applicable in remote natural ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser microdissection and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry coupled for multimodal imaging
Authors: Lorenz Matthias , Ovchinnikova Olga S. , Kertesz Vilmos , Van Berkel Gary J. 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEImprovement in spatial resolution of atmospheric pressure molecular chemical imaging is required to resolve distinct surface features in the low micrometer and sub‐micrometer scale. Laser capture microdissection systems have the capability to focus laser light to a few micrometers. This type of system, when employed for laser ablation (LA) mass spectrometry (MS)‐based chemical imaging, has the potential to achieve high spatial resolution with multimodal optical and chemical imaging capability.METHODSA commercially available laser capture microdissection system was coupled to a modified ion source of a mass spectrometer. This design allowed for sampling of laser‐ablated material via a transfer tube directly into the ionization region. Ionization of the ablated material was accomplished using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).RESULTSRhodamine 6G dye of red permanent marker ink in a laser etched pattern as well as cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine in a cerebellum mouse brain thin tissue section were identified and imaged from the mass spectral data. Employing a spot diameter of 8 µm using the 10× microscope cutting objective and lateral oversampling resulted in a pixel size of about 3.7 µm in the same dimension. Distinguishing between features approximately 13 µm apart in a cerebellum mouse brain thin tissue section was demonstrated in a multimodal fashion co‐registering optical and mass spectral images.CONCLUSIONSA LA/APCI‐MS system was developed that comprised a commercially available laser microdissection instrument for transmission geometry LA and a modestly modified ion source for secondary ionization of the ablated material. The set‐up was successfully applied for multimodal imaging using the ability to co‐register bright field, fluorescence and mass spectral chemical images on one platform. Published in 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ultraviolet degradation of procymidone – structural characterization by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and potential toxicity of photoproducts using in silico tests
Authors: Rifai Ahmad , Souissi Yasmine , Genty Christophe , Clavaguera Carine , Bourcier Sophie , Jaber Farouk , Bouchonnet Stéphane 
Published: May 2013

RATIONALEProcymidone is a dicarboximide fungicide mainly used for vineyard protection but also for different crops. The structural elucidation of by‐products arising from the UV‐visible photodegradation of procymidone has been investigated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The potential toxicities of photoproducts were estimated by in silico tests.METHODSAqueous solutions of procymidone were irradiated for up to 90 min in a self‐made reactor equipped with a mercury lamp. Analyses were carried out on a gas chromatograph coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometer operated in electron ionization and methanol positive chemical ionization. Multistage collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments were performed to establish dissociation pathways of ions. Toxicities of byproducts were estimated using the QSAR T.E.S.T. program.RESULTSSixteen photoproducts were investigated. Chemical structures were proposed mainly based on the interpretation of multistage CID experiments, but also on their relative retention times and kinetics data. These structures enabled photodegradation pathways to be suggested. Only three photoproducts remain present after 90 min of irradiation. Among them, 3,5‐dichloroaniline presents a predicted rat LD50 toxicity about ten times greater than that of procymidone.CONCLUSIONS3,5‐Dichloroaniline is the only photoproduct reported in previous articles. Eight by‐products among the sixteen characterized might be as toxic, if not more, than procymidone itself considering the QSAR‐predicted rat LD50. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.