bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-ray sum rules and the c-anomaly
Authors: Hartman Thomas , Mathys Grégoire 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In a four-dimensional quantum field theory that flows between two fixed points under the renormalization group, the change in the conformal anomaly ∆a has been related to the average null energy. We extend this result to derive a sum rule for the other anomaly coefficient, ∆c, in terms of the stress tensor three-point function. While the sum rule for ∆a is an expectation value of the averaged null energy operator, and therefore positive, the result for ∆c involves the off-diagonal matrix elements, so it does not have a fixed sign.
FEniTop: a simple FEniCSx implementation for 2D and 3D topology optimization supporting parallel computing
Authors: Jia Yingqi , Wang Chao , Zhang Xiaojia Shelly 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTopology optimization has emerged as a versatile design tool embraced across diverse domains. This popularity has led to great efforts in the development of education-centric topology optimization codes with various focuses, such as targeting beginners seeking user-friendliness and catering to experienced users emphasizing computational efficiency. In this study, we introduce , a novel 2D and 3D topology optimization software developed in Python and built upon the open-source library, designed to harmonize usability with computational efficiency and post-processing for fabrication. employs a modular architecture, offering a unified input script for defining topology optimization problems and six replaceable modules to streamline subsequent optimization tasks. By enabling users to express problems in the weak form, eliminates the need for matrix manipulations, thereby simplifying the modeling process. The software also integrates automatic differentiation to mitigate the intricacies associated with chain rules in finite element analysis and sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, provides access to a comprehensive array of readily available solvers and preconditioners, bolstering flexibility in problem-solving. is designed for scalability, furnishing robust support for parallel computing that seamlessly adapts to diverse computing platforms, spanning from laptops to distributed computing clusters. It also facilitates effortless transitions for various spatial dimensions, mesh geometries, element types and orders, and quadrature degrees. Apart from the computational benefits, facilitates the automated exportation of optimized designs, compatible with open-source software for post-processing. This functionality allows for visualizing optimized designs across diverse mesh geometries and element shapes, automatically smoothing 3D designs, and converting smoothed designs into STereoLithography (STL) files for 3D printing. To illustrate the capabilities of , we present five representative examples showcasing topology optimization across 2D and 3D geometries, structured and unstructured meshes, solver switching, and complex boundary conditions. We also assess the parallel computational efficiency of by examining its performance across diverse computing platforms, process counts, problem sizes, and solver configurations. Finally, we demonstrate a physical 3D-printed model utilizing the STL file derived from the design optimized by . These examples showcase not only ’s rich functionality but also its parallel computing performance. The open-source is given in Appendix B and will be available to download at https://github.com/missionlab/fenitop.
Estimation of cost reduction by tolerance optimization
Authors: Armillotta Antonio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTolerance allocation is a design task with a strong potential impact on manufacturing choices. In practice, however, it is often carried out with simple heuristics rather than with an optimization approach like those available in research literature. One reason could be the difficulty in predicting the economic benefits resulting from optimization. To allow for such considerations, the paper proposes a procedure to estimate the cost reduction that optimization allows compared to three traditional allocation methods (equal tolerances, precision factor, proportional to nominal). The chosen optimization method is based on the closed-form solution of a problem of cost minimization with a stackup constraint, using the extended reciprocal power cost-tolerance function. Compared to other methods, it provides analytical expressions of both the allocated tolerances and the associated costs. When applied to specific cases, these help recognize the conditions in which optimization allows a significant reduction in manufacturing costs. The results show that this occurs when the features of the same dimension chain have very different properties regarding a set of design variables with particular influence on the amount of machining required.
Leveraging integrative toxicogenomic approach towards development of stressor-centric adverse outcome pathway networks for plastic additives
Authors: Sahoo Ajaya Kumar , Chivukula Nikhil , Madgaonkar Shreyes Rajan , Ramesh Kundhanathan , Marigoudar Shambanagouda Rudragouda , Sharma Krishna Venkatarama , Samal Areejit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlastics are widespread pollutants found in atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems due to their extensive usage and environmental persistence. Plastic additives, that are intentionally added to achieve specific functionality in plastics, leach into the environment upon plastic degradation and pose considerable risk to ecological and human health. Limited knowledge concerning the presence of plastic additives throughout plastic life cycle has hindered their effective regulation, thereby posing risks to product safety. In this study, we leveraged the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework to understand the mechanisms underlying plastic additives-induced toxicities. We first identified an exhaustive list of 6470 plastic additives from chemicals documented in plastics. Next, we leveraged heterogenous toxicogenomics and biological endpoints data from five exposome-relevant resources, and identified associations between 1287 plastic additives and 322 complete and high quality AOPs within AOP–Wiki. Based on these plastic additive–AOP associations, we constructed a stressor-centric AOP network, wherein the stressors are categorized into ten priority use sectors and AOPs are linked to 27 disease categories. We visualized the plastic additives–AOP network for each of the 1287 plastic additives and made them available in a dedicated website: https://cb.imsc.res.in/saopadditives/. Finally, we showed the utility of the constructed plastic additives–AOP network by identifying highly relevant AOPs associated with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), bisphenol A (BPA), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and thereafter, explored the associated toxicity pathways in humans and aquatic species. Overall, the constructed plastic additives–AOP network will assist regulatory risk assessment of plastic additives, thereby contributing towards a toxic-free circular economy for plastics.
Coderived and contraderived categories of locally presentable abelian DG-categories
Authors: Positselski Leonid , Št’ovíček Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe concept of an abelian DG-category, introduced by the first-named author in Positselski (Exact DG-categories and fully faithful triangulated inclusion functors. arXiv:2110.08237 [math.CT]), unites the notions of abelian categories and (curved) DG-modules in a common framework. In this paper we consider coderived and contraderived categories in the sense of Becker. Generalizing some constructions and results from the preceding papers by Becker (Adv Math 254:187–232, 2014. arXiv:1205.4473 [math.CT]) and by the present authors (Positselski and Št’ovíček in J Pure Appl Algebra 226(#4):106883, 2022. arXiv:2101.10797 [math.CT]), we define the contraderived category of a locally presentable abelian DG-category $$\textbf{B}$$
B
with enough projective objects and the coderived category of a Grothendieck abelian DG-category $$\textbf{A}$$
A
. We construct the related abelian model category structures and show that the resulting exotic derived categories are well-generated. Then we specialize to the case of a locally coherent Grothendieck abelian DG-category $$\textbf{A}$$
A
, and prove that its coderived category is compactly generated by the absolute derived category of finitely presentable objects of $$\textbf{A}$$
A
, thus generalizing a result from the second-named author’s preprint (Št’ovíček in On purity and applications to coderived and singularity categories. arXiv:1412.1615 [math.CT]). In particular, the homotopy category of graded-injective left DG-modules over a DG-ring with a left coherent underlying graded ring is compactly generated by the absolute derived category of DG-modules with finitely presentable underlying graded modules. We also describe compact generators of the coderived categories of quasi-coherent matrix factorizations over coherent schemes.
A piece-wise reconstruction of some mechanistic steps in Pickering emulsion polymerization: a semicontinuous styrene montmorillonite-supported process as a case example
Authors: Saldaña Rodriguez Diego , Fouconnier Benoit , López-Serrano Francisco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBuilding on traditional emulsion polymerization research, which continues to yield results up to the present day, techniques have emerged to produce hybrid materials. One such technique is Pickering emulsion polymerization, with numerous industrial applications. Despite a growing interest in Pickering emulsion polymerization, the intrinsic mechanisms involved have been based mainly on the findings of classical emulsion polymerization. In this work, by relying on a minimum of assumptions and using a simple model and experimental data on conversion and particle size, we obtain information about the prevailing mechanisms. More specifically, we present four main findings based on data reported previously in the literature. First, in contrast to the three rate-of-reaction intervals reported in classical emulsion polymerization, the integro-differential method yielded only two rate-of-reaction intervals against conversion. Second, a master curve is constructed by plotting the reaction rate against overall conversion, showing a maximum of approximately 55% conversion. Third, despite having a semicontinuous process, monomer concentration inside the particles is not constant. Finally, particle density is a strong function of the Pickering agent concentration, where two fitting parameters (nucleation and coagulation) allowed an accurate description for the particle number time evolution. Both parameters showed a power-law dependence with clay concentration.
Intraoperative pelvic neuromonitoring based on bioimpedance signals: a new method analyzed on 30 patients
Authors: Kalev Georgi , Schuler Ramona , Langer Andreas , Goos Matthias , Konschake Marko , Schiedeck Thomas , Marquardt Christoph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Increasing importance has been attributed in recent years to the preservation of the pelvic autonomic nerves during rectal resection to achieve better functional results. In addition to improved surgical techniques, intraoperative neuromonitoring may be useful.

Methods
This single-arm prospective study included 30 patients who underwent rectal resection performed with intraoperative neuromonitoring by recording the change in the tissue impedance of the urinary bladder and rectum after stimulation of the pelvic autonomic nerves. The International Prostate Symptom Score, the post-void residual urine volume and the Low Anterior Resection Syndrome Score (LARS score) were assessed during the 12-month follow-up period.

Results
A stimulation-induced change in tissue impedance was observed in 28/30 patients (93.3%). In the presence of risk factors such as low anastomosis, neoadjuvant radiotherapy and a deviation stoma, an average increase of the LARS score by 9 points was observed 12 months after surgery (p = 0,04). The function of the urinary bladder remained unaffected in the first week (p = 0,7) as well as 12 months after the procedure (p = 0,93).

Conclusion
The clinical feasibility of the new method for pelvic intraoperative neuromonitoring could be verified. The benefits of intraoperative pelvic neuromonitoring were particularly evident in difficult intraoperative situations with challenging visualization of the pelvic nerves.
Surgical options in retrosternal oesophageal reconstruction
Authors: Kollmann Lars , Flemming Sven , Lock Johan Friso , Wiegering Armin , Germer Christoph-Thomas , Seyfried Florian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Retrosternal oesophageal reconstructions with collar anastomoses can become necessary when the stomach is either unavailable for oesophageal replacement, or orthotopic reconstruction is deemed impractical. Our aim was to analyse our results regarding technical approaches and outcomes.

Materials and methods
All patients undergoing primary and secondary oesophageal retrosternal reconstructions with collar anastomoses at our centre (2019–2023) were retrospectively analysed and individual surgical reconstruction options were presented.

Results
Overall, twelve patients received primary (n = 5; 42.7%) or secondary (n = 7; 58.3%) reconstructions; ten with colonic interposition and two with gastric pull-up. Male/female ratio was 4:8; median age 66 years (30–87). Charlson-Comorbidity-Score (CCS) was 5 (1–7); 8/12 patients (67%) had ASA-classification score ≥ 3. We observed no conduit necrosis, but one patient (8.3%) with a leakage of the oesophago-colonostomy which was successfully treated by endoscopic vacuum therapy. Four patients (33.3%) acquired nosocomial pneumonia. Additional drainages for pleural fluid collections were necessary in three patients (25%). Overall comprehensive-complication-index (CCI) was 26.2 (0–44.9). Length-of-stay (LOS) was 22 days median (15-40). There was no 90-days mortality. Overall, CCI during the follow-up (FU) period at median 26 months (16–50) was 33.7 (0–100). 10 out of 12 patients were on sufficient oral nutrition at 12 months FU.

Conclusion
Primary and secondary oesophageal retrosternal reconstructions encompass diverse entities and typically requires tailored decision-making. These procedures, though rare, are feasible with acceptable complication rates and positive functional outcomes when performed in experienced hands.
Decoding pathology: the role of computational pathology in research and diagnostics
Authors: Hölscher David L. , Bülow Roman D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional histopathology, characterized by manual quantifications and assessments, faces challenges such as low-throughput and inter-observer variability that hinder the introduction of precision medicine in pathology diagnostics and research. The advent of digital pathology allowed the introduction of computational pathology, a discipline that leverages computational methods, especially based on deep learning (DL) techniques, to analyze histopathology specimens. A growing body of research shows impressive performances of DL-based models in pathology for a multitude of tasks, such as mutation prediction, large-scale pathomics analyses, or prognosis prediction. New approaches integrate multimodal data sources and increasingly rely on multi-purpose foundation models. This review provides an introductory overview of advancements in computational pathology and discusses their implications for the future of histopathology in research and diagnostics.
Procedural sedation and analgesia in Swiss Pediatric Emergency Departments: a national subgroup analysis of a European cross-sectional survey
Authors: Romano Fabrizio , Brändle Gabriel , Abplanalp-Marti Olivia , Gualtieri Renato , Sahyoun Cyril 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aims to provide a national overview of procedural sedation and analgesia practices within Pediatric Emergency Departments in Switzerland, focusing on the availability of pharmacologic agents, the presence of safety protocols, the utilization of non-pharmacological interventions, and to identify specific local limitations. We conducted a detailed subgroup analysis of Swiss data from a European cross-sectional survey on emergency department pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia (PSA) practice, isolating data from Swiss sites. The survey, conducted between November 2019 and March 2020, covered various aspects of procedural sedation and analgesia practices. The survey included nine Swiss sites, treating a total of 252,786 patients in 2019. Topical analgesia, inhaled equimolar nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture, and ketamine were largely available. All sites had nurse-directed triage protocols in place; however, opioid administration was included in the protocols in only 66% of sites. Only 33% of hospitals reported common use of intravenous sedation. Barriers to procedural sedation and analgesia implementation included staffing shortages (89% of sites) and lack of dedicated spaces (78%).Conclusions: Despite a broad array of pharmacological and options available in Swiss Pediatric Emergency Departments, challenges remain in standardizing practices across the country. Limited space and staffing and enhancing training on non-pharmacological interventions were identified as potential areas for improving pain and anxiety management in pediatric emergency care. This study underscores the need for national guidelines to harmonize emergency department PSA practices across Switzerland, ensuring all children have access to effective and evidence-based procedural comfort.

What is Known:• Recent research, conducted in European emergency departments, suggests that in pediatric Procedural Sedation and Analgesia (PSA) resources are limited, and practice is heterogeneous

What is New:• Swiss pediatric hospitals offer a wide range of pharmacological options for pain and anxiety management. However, significant barriers to PSA were identified. These include external control of intravenous sedation and insufficient integration of non-pharmacological interventions, such as child life specialists and procedural hypnosis. National guidelines are needed to harmonize PSA practices
Do Orally Disintegrating Tablets Facilitate Medical Adherence and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Post-stroke Dysphagia?
Authors: Sato So , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Okada Akira , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) dissolve rapidly in contact with saliva and have been reported to facilitate oral administration of medications in swallowing difficulties. However, their clinical benefits remain unclear because no previous studies have examined whether ODTs facilitate medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. This study evaluated the association between ODT prescriptions and clinical benefits using high-dimensional propensity score (hd-PS) matching to adjust for confounding factors. Using a large Japanese commercial medical and dental claims database, we identified patients aged ≥ 65 years with post-stroke dysphagia between April 2014 and March 2021. To compare 1-year outcomes of medication adherence, cardiovascular events, and aspiration pneumonia between patients taking ODTs and non-ODTs, we performed hd-PS matching. We identified 11,813 patients without ODTs and 3178 patients with ODTs. After hd-PS matching, 2246 pairs were generated. Medication adherence for 1 year, based on the proportion of days covered, was not significantly different between the non-ODT and ODT groups before (0.887 vs. 0.900, P = 0.999) and after hd-PS matching (0.889 vs. 0.902, P = 0.977). The proportion of cardiovascular events (0.898 vs. 0.893, P = 0.591) and aspiration pneumonia (0.380 vs. 0.372, P = 0.558) were also not significantly different between the groups. This study found no significant differences in medication adherence, cardiovascular diseases, or aspiration pneumonia between the non-ODT and ODT groups in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Both groups achieved a proportion of days covered exceeding 80%. Clinicians may consider prescribing ODTs or non-ODTs based on patient preferences rather than solely on post-stroke conditions.
The role of MRI biomarkers in evaluation of symptomatic pineal cysts – a retrospective analysis
Authors: Greisert S. , Fleck S. , Rathmann E. , Vollmer M. , Schroeder H. W. S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Our aim was to determine whether the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient is able to predict the presence of a symptomatic pineal cyst by detecting cerebral edema.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed MRIs of 45 patients with pineal cysts before and after resection and 51 patients without pineal cysts, comparing ADC values of thalamus, central, periventricular and subcortical white matter. Furthermore we evaluated cyst size and morphology and analyzed its correlation to ADC values in corresponding patients.

Results
Differences between patients with symptomatic pineal cyst and control group were not significant (p = 0.200 – 0.968). ADC ratios did not change significantly after resection of the cyst (p = 0.575 – 0.862). Cyst size showed no significant correlation to ADC ratios (p = 0.071 – 0.918). Raw data analyses revealed more significance, especially periventricularly and in central white matter, which resulted in significant interhemispheric differences in ADC ratios in both subgroups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031). MRI of 1.5T showed consistently higher values than 3T but mostly insignificant.

Conclusion
Our analysis revealed no evidence that pineal cysts lead to intracerebral edema caused by venous compression. Since variability was higher than the differences seen, ADC sequences do not appear to be an appropriate diagnostic tool for symptomatic pineal cysts.
Carbonate rocks and karst water resources in the Mediterranean region
Authors: Xanke Julian , Goldscheider Nico , Bakalowicz Michel , Barberá Juan Antonio , Broda Stefan , Chen Zhao , Ghanmi Mohamed , Günther Andreas , Hartmann Andreas , Jourde Hervé , Liesch Tanja , Mudarra Matías , Petitta Marco , Ravbar Nataša , Stevanović Zoran 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbonate rocks in the Mediterranean region form karst landscapes with a variety of morphological and hydrological features, and are of particular interest from a water management perspective as they represent major karst aquifers. The Mediterranean Karst Aquifer Map and Database (MEDKAM) provides a 1:5,000,000 scale map showing the distribution of carbonate and evaporite rocks that can host karst groundwater resources, with additional information on other hydrogeological settings, selected terrestrial and submarine karst springs, caves and karst groundwater-dependent ecosystems. A statistical evaluation shows that carbonate rocks cover ~39.5% of the Mediterranean region within a 250-km focus area from the coastline. North Africa has the largest continuous area of carbonate rocks, while smaller countries in the Middle East and the Dinarides have the largest proportion of carbonate rocks in relation to their total area. Carbonate rocks are also widespread in coastal areas, occurring along ~33.6% (14,000 km) of the total Mediterranean coastline, including large islands such as Crete and Mallorca, and ~25.9% (6,400 km) of the continental coastline. Two additional maps display (1) groundwater recharge, showing a climatic gradient from north to south, and (2) groundwater storage trends, indicating a mean annual karst groundwater loss from 2003 to 2020 of 436 million m3 in the 250-km area. This study quantifies the carbonate rocks in the Mediterranean region and shows their importance for groundwater resources. MEDKAM will serve as a basis for further research and improved international cooperation in karst groundwater management.