bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute aortocaval fistula: role of low perfusion pressure and subendocardial remodeling on left ventricular function
Authors: Mazzo Flávia R. R. , de Carvalho Frimm Clovis , Moretti Ana Iochabel S. , Guido Maria C. , Koike Marcia K. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe experimental model of aortocaval fistula is a useful model of cardiac hypertrophy in response to volume overload. In the present study it has been used to investigate the pathologic subendocardial remodeling associated with the development of heart failure during the early phases (day 1, 3, and 7) following volume overload. Compared with sham treated rats, aortocaval fistula rats showed lower systemic blood pressure and higher left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure This resulted in lower coronary driving pressure and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Signs of myocyte necrosis, leukocyte cell infiltration, fibroplasia and collagen deposition appeared sequentially in the subendocardium where remodeling was more prominent than in the non‐subendocardium. Accordingly, increased levels of TNF‐alpha, IL‐1 beta, and IL‐6, and enhanced MMP‐2 activity were all found in the subendocardium of rats with coronary driving pressure ≤60 mmHg. The coronary driving pressure was inversely correlated with MMP‐2 activity in subendocardium in all time‐points studied, and blood flow in this region showed positive correlation with systolic and diastolic function at day 7. Thus the predominant subendocardial remodeling that occurs in response to low myocardial perfusion pressure during the acute phases of aortocaval fistula contributes to early left ventricular dysfunction.
Structural and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Mg2TiO4 Ceramics Synthesized by Mechanical Method
Authors: Bhuyan Ranjan K. , Kumar Thatikonda S. , Pamu Dobbidi , James Ajit R. 
Published: April 2013

Low loss Mg2TiO4 (MTO) ceramics have been synthesized by mechanical synthesis method. The effect of processing parameters, on initial particle size, microstructure, relative density, and microwave dielectric properties of MTO ceramics are investigated. The maximum relative density was obtained 97.75%, and uniform microstructure is observed for the sample sintered at 1325°C for 3 h. The driving force for the sintering can be attributed to the surface energy of fine powders and their defect energy. There is not much variation in dielectric constant (εr) where as Q × fo is affected and the values of Q × fo are in the range of 99,500–155,500.
Structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose reduces glycated hemoglobin in insulin‐treated diabetes
Authors: Kato Noriko , Cui Jinyan , Kato Mitsutoshi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of the preset study was to investigate the effectiveness of structured self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in insufficiently controlled insulin‐treated diabetes. A total of 86 insulin‐treated patients were randomized to a routine testing group (RTG; n = 43) and a structured testing group (STG; n = 43). The STG used a chart to record seven‐point blood glucose (BG) profile on three consecutive days per month. The primary end‐point was the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at 3 months and 6 months. There were no significant differences of HbA1c between the RTG and STG at 3 months. However, the STG had significantly improved HbA1c at 6‐month follow‐up compared with the RTG (P = 0.002). In the STG, HbA1c decreased by 0.5% from 7.9 (SD 0.5) to 7.4 (0.7)%, whereas it decreased by 0.1% in the RTG from 7.9 (0.5) to 7.8 (0.7)%. In the STG, 55% of the patients were willing to continue structured SMBG and they achieved a 0.7% decrease of HbA1c. The present findings suggest that structured SMBG significantly improves glycemic control.
Effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation and manual dynamic irrigation on smear layer removal from root canals in a closed apex in vitro model
Authors: Andrabi Syed Mukhtar‐Un‐Nisar , Kumar Ashok , Zia Afaf , Iftekhar Huma , Alam Sharique , Siddiqui Shiraz 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation with manual dynamic irrigation on smear layer removal from root canals using a closed apex in vitro model.MethodsThe root canals of 45 freshly‐extracted human single‐rooted mandibular premolar teeth were prepared by the Pro‐Taper rotary system to an apical preparation of F4 size. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups; two experimental groups and one control group (n = 15) on the basis of the type of activation of final irrigation as follows: (a) Group A, 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), no activation received; (b) Group B, 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, ultrasonic activation with a small file; and (c) Group C, 3% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, manual activation with a master gutta‐percha point. The prepared teeth were decoronated and split into two halves longitudinally, and observed under a scanning electron microscope to assess the removal of the smear layer.ResultsIn the apical‐third region, the mean smear scores for groups B and C were significantly less than those of Group A (control group) (P < 0.05).ConclusionBoth activation techniques are important adjuncts in removing the smear layer, with manual dynamic activation being a simpler, safer, and more cost‐effective technique.
The Union Effect on Wages in Chile: A Two‐Stage Approach Using Panel Data
Authors: Landerretche Oscar , Lillo Nicolás , Puentes Esteban 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe estimate the union effect on wages in Chile to be between 18 and 24 per cent. We follow a two‐stage procedure that allows us to correct the endogeneity of union status and to separate true from spurious dependence, by exploiting the union history of individuals using panel data. We find evidence of comparative‐advantage sorting in union status, strong true state dependence and a re‐distributional effect of union membership (i.e. wage gains from unionization are larger for lower‐wage earners).
A facies of Kophobelemnon (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from Santa Maria di Leuca coral province (Mediterranean Sea)
Authors: Mastrototaro Francesco , Maiorano Porzia , Vertino Agostina , Battista Daniela , Indennidate Antonella , Savini Alessandra , Tursi Angelo , D'Onghia Gianfranco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring a research cruise carried out in April 2010, aimed at updating the knowledge on the biodiversity of the Santa Maria di Leuca (SML) cold‐water coral province (Mediterranean Sea), a facies of the sea pen Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Muller, 1776) was found on mud‐dominated bottoms. This finding represents a new species and a new habitat record from the SML coral province as well as a new bathyal facies in the whole Central Mediterranean Sea. The colonies were collected using an epi‐benthic sledge, at depths between 400 and 470 m. A significant positive relationship between polyp number and colony length was detected. Density of the colonies ranged from 0.003 to 0.038 N·m−2. Differences and affinities between Mediterranean and Atlantic occurrences of K. stelliferum are discussed.
Empirical Innovation of Computational Dual‐Loop Models for Identifying Vehicle Classifications against Varied Traffic Conditions
Authors: Wei Heng , Liu Hao , Ai Qingyi , Li Zhixia , Xiong Hui , Coifman Benjamin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractClarifying traffic flow phases is a primary requisite for applying length‐based vehicle classifications with dual‐loop data under various traffic conditions. One challenge lies in identifying traffic phases using variables that could be directly calculated from the dual‐loop data. This article presents an innovative approach and associated algorithm for identifying traffic phases through a hybrid method that incorporates level of service method and K‐means clustering method. The “phase representative variables” are identified to represent traffic characteristics in the traffic flow phase identification algorithm. The traffic factors influencing the vehicle classification accuracy under non‐free traffic conditions are successfully identified using video‐based vehicular trajectory data, and the innovative length‐based vehicle classification models are then developed. The result of the concept‐of‐evidence test with use of sample data indicates that compared with the existing model, the accuracy of the estimated vehicle lengths is increased from 42% to 92% under synchronized and stop‐and‐go conditions. The results also foster a better understanding of the traffic stream characteristics and associated theories to lay out a good foundation for further development of relevant microscopic simulation models with other sensing traffic data sources.
Genetics of human gastrointestinal sensation
Authors: Camilleri M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeThe objective was to review the genetics of human visceral pain with particular emphasis on pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome.BackgroundThe biomarkers most commonly employed in identifying visceral hypersensitivity are sensation ratings and thresholds or brain imaging during viscus (e.g., rectal) distension. Genetic studies suggest that variation in the control of candidate genes involved in ion channel function, neurotransmitter synthesis, reuptake or receptor functions, and inflammatory disease susceptibility loci may impact variations in prevalence of the symptom phenotype of abdominal pain or IBS, or quantitative traits (intermediate phenotypes) of rectal sensation. The candidate genes include SLC6A4, CNR1, and TNFSF15 reflecting serotonin reuptake, cannabinoid receptors, and inflammatory‐barrier functions. However, other than TNFSF15, the other candidate genes are only univariately associated with pain, IBS symptom complex, or quantitative traits of sensation. These data have generated hypotheses and present opportunities for study of mechanisms and treatment of visceral pain in humans, which remains an unmet clinical need in patients with IBS and functional abdominal pain.
Esophageal motor disease and reflux patterns in patients with advanced pulmonary disease undergoing lung transplant evaluation
Authors: Seccombe J. , Mirza F. , Hachem R. , Gyawali C. P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced pulmonary disorders are linked to esophageal hypomotility and reflux disease. However, characterization of esophageal function using high resolution manometry (HRM) and ambulatory pH monitoring, segregation by pulmonary pathology, and comparison to traditional reflux disease are all limited in the literature.MethodsOver a 4 year period, 73 patients (55.2 ± 1.3 years, 44F) were identified who underwent esophageal function testing as part of lung transplant evaluation for advanced pulmonary disease (interstitial lung disease, ILD = 47, obstructive lung disease, OLD = 24, other = 2). Proportions of patients with motor dysfunction (≥80% failed sequences = severe hypomotility) and/or abnormal reflux parameters (acid exposure time, AET ≥ 4%) were determined, and compared to a cohort of 1081 patients (48.4 ± 0.4 years, 613F) referred for esophageal function testing prior to antireflux surgery (ARS).Key ResultsThe proportion of esophageal body hypomotility was significantly higher within advanced pulmonary disease categories (35.6%), particularly ILD (44.7%), compared to ARS patients (12.1%, P < 0.0001). Abnormal AET was noted in 56.5%, and was similar between ILD and OLD, but less frequent than in the ARS group (P = 0.04). Post‐transplant chronic rejection trended towards association with pretransplant elevated AET in OLD (P = 0.08) but not ILD. Mortality was not predicted by esophageal motor pattern or reflux evidence.Conclusions & InferencesInterstitial lung disease has a highly significant association with esophageal body hypomotility. Consequently, prevalence of abnormal esophageal acid exposure is high, but implications for post lung transplant chronic rejection remain unclear.
Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future
Authors: Sack Lawren , Scoffoni Christine 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe design and function of leaf venation are important to plant performance, with key implications for the distribution and productivity of ecosystems, and applications in paleobiology, agriculture and technology. We synthesize classical concepts and the recent literature on a wide range of aspects of leaf venation. We describe 10 major structural features that contribute to multiple key functions, and scale up to leaf and plant performance. We describe the development and plasticity of leaf venation and its adaptation across environments globally, and a new global data compilation indicating trends relating vein length per unit area to climate, growth form and habitat worldwide. We synthesize the evolution of vein traits in the major plant lineages throughout paleohistory, highlighting the multiple origins of individual traits. We summarize the strikingly diverse current applications of leaf vein research in multiple fields of science and industry. A unified core understanding will enable an increasing range of plant biologists to incorporate leaf venation into their research.

Contents

Summary
983

I.
Introduction
983

II.
Overall structure of the leaf venation
983

III.
Function of leaf venation traits: a ‘Rosetta Stone’
984

IV.
Development of the leaf vein system
990

V.
Function of the coordinated vein system and scaling up
992

VI.
Plasticity, evolution and assembly of leaf vein traits across growth forms, environments and biomes
992

VII.
Evolution of the leaf vascular system across plant lineages, paleohistory and biogeography
993

VIII.
Applications of leaf venation architecture
995

IX.
Conclusions
996

Acknowledgements
996

References
996
Putting mechanisms into crop production models
Authors: BOOTE KENNETH J. , JONES JAMES W. , WHITE JEFFREY W. , ASSENG SENTHOLD , LIZASO JON I. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCrop growth models dynamically simulate processes of C, N and water balance on daily or hourly time‐steps to predict crop growth and development and at season‐end, final yield. Their ability to integrate effects of genetics, environment and crop management have led to applications ranging from understanding gene function to predicting potential impacts of climate change. The history of crop models is reviewed briefly, and their level of mechanistic detail for assimilation and respiration, ranging from hourly leaf‐to‐canopy assimilation to daily radiation‐use efficiency is discussed. Crop models have improved steadily over the past 30–40 years, but much work remains. Improvements are needed for the prediction of transpiration response to elevated CO2 and high temperature effects on phenology and reproductive fertility, and simulation of root growth and nutrient uptake under stressful edaphic conditions. Mechanistic improvements are needed to better connect crop growth to genetics and to soil fertility, soil waterlogging and pest damage. Because crop models integrate multiple processes and consider impacts of environment and management, they have excellent potential for linking research from genomics and allied disciplines to crop responses at the field scale, thus providing a valuable tool for deciphering genotype by environment by management effects.
Perceiving low self‐esteem in close others impedes capitalization and undermines the relationship
Authors: MACGREGOR JENNIFER C. D. , FITZSIMONS GRÁINNE M. , HOLMES JOHN G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDisclosing positive experiences to others (i.e., “capitalization”) is associated with personal and interpersonal benefits (Gable & Reis, 2010). Unfortunately, people who perceive low self‐esteem (LSE) in close others are reluctant to capitalize, holding back from those they expect will be unsupportive (MacGregor & Holmes, 2011). In Study 1, we extend previous findings by demonstrating the importance of the type of experience disclosed; participants capitalized less positively with an (ostensibly) LSE friend when disclosing an accomplishment, not a positive experience attributed to happenstance. In Study 2, we demonstrate the external validity of the phenomenon by examining real discussions between romantic partners. Participants capitalized less positively with their LSE partner, behavior associated with lower relationship satisfaction 6 weeks later (particularly for women).
Effects of ablation of the pars intercerebralis on ecdysteroid quantities and yolk protein expression in the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae
Authors: TANAKA AYAKO , KUGA YOSHIYUKI , TANAKA YOSHIAKI , GOTO SHIN G. , NUMATA HIDEHARU , SHIGA SAKIKO 
Published: April 2013

AbstractQuantities of ecdysteroid are compared in the haemolymph and ovaries of the blowfly Protophormia terraenovae Robineau‐Desvoidy (Diptera: Calliphoridae) under reproductive (LD 18 : 6 h at 25 °C) and diapause (LD 12 : 12 h at 20 °C) conditions. The effects of ablation of the pars intercerebralis or ovaries on ecdysteroid quantities and of ablation of the pars intercerebralis on yolk protein expression are examined. Under reproductive conditions, the levels of ecdysteroid in vitellogenic females are high, although the levels in previtellogenic females and females with mature ovaries are low. Under diapause conditions, there are low quantities of ecdysteroid in both the haemolymph and ovaries. Ecdysteroid titres in the haemolymph are not significantly affected by the removal of the ovaries, suggesting that tissues other than the ovaries are also involved in the production of ecdysteroids. Reproductive females in which the pars intercerebralis of the brain is experimentally ablated have ecdysteroid levels that are not significantly different from sham‐operated or intact females. However, yolk protein expression in the fat body is suppressed after removal of the pars intercerebralis. These results suggest that the suppression of ecdysteroid levels in the haemolymph and ovaries is associated with reproductive diapause, and that the pars intercerebralis could play a role in yolk protein synthesis without mediating ecdysteroid production.
Rapid Detection of Serum Antibody by Dual-Path Platform VetTB Assay in White-Tailed Deer Infected with Mycobacterium bovis
Authors: Lyashchenko Konstantin P. , Greenwald Rena , Esfandiari Javan , O'Brien Daniel J. , Schmitt Stephen M. , Palmer Mitchell V. , Waters W. Ray 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) in cervids remains a significant problem affecting farmed herds and wild populations. Traditional skin testing has serious limitations in certain species, whereas emerging serological assays showed promising diagnostic performance. The recently developed immunochromatographic dual-path platform (DPP) VetTB assay has two antigen bands, T1 (MPB83 protein) and T2 (CFP10/ESAT-6 fusion protein), for antibody detection. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of this test by using serum samples collected from groups of white-tailed deer experimentally inoculated with
Mycobacterium bovis
,
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
, or
M. bovis
BCG Pasteur. In addition, we used serum samples from farmed white-tailed deer in herds with no history of TB, as well as from free-ranging white-tailed deer culled during field surveillance studies performed in Michigan known to have bovine TB in the wild deer population. The DPP VetTB assay detected antibody responses in 58.1% of experimentally infected animals within 8 to 16 weeks postinoculation and in 71.9% of naturally infected deer, resulting in an estimated test sensitivity of 65.1% and a specificity of 97.8%. The higher seroreactivity found in deer with naturally acquired
M. bovis
infection was associated with an increased frequency of antibody responses to the ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins, resulting in a greater contribution of these antigens, in addition to MPB83, to the detection of seropositive animals, compared with experimental
M. bovis
infection. Deer experimentally inoculated with either
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
or
M. bovis
BCG Pasteur did not produce cross-reactive antibodies that could be detected by the DPP VetTB assay. The present findings demonstrate the relatively high diagnostic accuracy of the DPP VetTB test for white-tailed deer, especially in the detection of naturally infected animals.
Reduced Frequency of a CD14+CD16+Monocyte Subset with High Toll-Like Receptor 4 Expression in Cord Blood Compared to Adult Blood Contributes to Lipopolysaccharide Hyporesponsiveness in Newborns
Authors: Pedraza-Sánchez Sigifredo , Hise Amy G. , Ramachandra Lakshmi , Arechavaleta-Velasco Fabian , King Christopher L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe human innate immune response to pathogens is not fully effective and mature until well into childhood, as exemplified by various responses to Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in newborns compared to adults. To better understand the mechanistic basis for this age-related difference in innate immunity, we compared tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production by monocytes from cord blood (CB) and adult blood (AB) in response to LAM (lipoarabinomannan fromMycobacterium tuberculosis, a TLR2 ligand) and LPS (lipopolysaccharide fromEscherichia coli, a TLR4 ligand). LPS or LAM-induced TNF-α production was 5 to 18 times higher in AB than in CB monocytes, whereas interleukin-1α (IL-1α) stimulated similar levels of TNF-α in both groups, suggesting that decreased responses to LPS or LAM in CB are unlikely to be due to differences in the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. This impaired signaling was attributable, in part, to lower functional TLR4 expression, especially on CD14+CD16+monocytes, which are the primary cell subset for LPS-induced TNF-α production. Importantly, the frequency of CD14+CD16+monocytes in CB was 2.5-fold lower than in AB (P< 0.01). CB from Kenyan newborns sensitized to parasite antigensin uterohad more CD14+CD16+monocytes (P= 0.02) and produced higher levels of TNF-α in response to LPS (P= 0.004) than CB from unsensitized Kenyan or North American newborns. Thus, a reduced CD14+CD16+activated/differentiated monocyte subset and a correspondingly lower level of functional TLR4 on monocytes contributes to the relatively low TNF-α response to LPS observed in immunologically naive newborns compared to the response in adults.