bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Elastomer Actuators with Low Driving Voltages and High Mechanical Outputs Enabled by a Scalable Ultra‐Thin Film Multilayering Process
Authors: Peng Junbo , Zhuo Jiangshan , Dong Huifeng , Wang Lvting , Jiang Shengchao , Li Tiefeng , Shi Ye 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDielectric elastomers (DEs) are widely studied and applied as an artificial muscle owing to their combined features of large actuation strain, fast response, high energy density, and low noise. However, scalable fabrication of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) with low driving voltages (100 s of volts) and high mechanical outputs remains challenging, which significantly limits their wider applications. In this work, processable, high‐performance dielectric elastomer (PHDE) ultra‐thin film based multilayer DEAs (PUT‐MDEAs) through an optimized dry‐stacking process are fabricated. The obtained ten‐layer PUT‐MDEAs show actuation at 200 V and reach a maximum areal strain of ≈80% at 800 V. They deliver a blocked force of 0.1 N and an energy density of 22 J kg−1 at 200 V and achieve a blocked force of 0.7 N and an energy density of 50 J kg−1 at 700 V. In addition, large‐area PUT‐MDEAs are fabricated using the scalable dry‐stacking method, and adopted to build low‐driving‐voltage soft pumps and robotic fish, showing their potential for practical applications.
Promoting the Volmer Step of Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction by Incorporating Zn Single Atoms into Ru Lattice and Carbon Frameworks
Authors: Guo Yingying , He Weidong , Tan Xiaohong , Xiao Yuhang , Du BinJie , Wang Chenhui , Cui Hao , Li Yan , Wang Chengxin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Volmer step is considered to play a critical role in the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) process. However, current research mainly focuses on optimizing the adsorption strength of Hads and OHads, while the importance of maximizing the adsorption interfaces with different adsorbates is rarely addressed. Herein, a multi‐strategy approach is explored by simultaneously incorporating Zn single atoms into Ru lattice and carbon support (denoted as (Zn1Ru)SAA/Zn1‐N‐C) to construct a high activity and stable alkaline HOR catalyst. This novel catalyst achieves an impressive mass activity of up to 4.98 mA µgRu−1 at 50 mV, which surpasses that of Ru/N‐C by 1.9 times and even surpasses that of Pt/C by 7.5 times. In addition, the novel catalyst has superior long‐term stability and CO resistance. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the unique structure of Zn1Ru)SAA/Zn1‐N‐C not only enhances the catalyst (Ru nanoparticles)‐support interaction, it facilitates the electron transfer between catalyst and support, and further optimizes the adsorption behavior of various intermediates, but also forms distinct micro‐regions of adsorbed H (*H) and adsorbed OH (*OH) on the Ru nanoparticle surface, thereby promoting the Volmer process. The research provides a new understanding of the complex design of advanced alkaline HOR catalysts.
Realization of a 2D Lieb Lattice in a Metal–Inorganic Framework with Partial Flat Bands and Topological Edge States
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Sun Shuo , Tang Chi Sin , Wu Jing , Ma Yu , Zhang Lingfeng , Cai Chuanbing , Zhong Jianxin , Milošević Milorad V. , Wee Andrew T. S. , Yin Xinmao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlat bands and Dirac cones in materials are the source of the exotic electronic and topological properties. The Lieb lattice is expected to host these electronic structures, arising from quantum destructive interference. Nevertheless, the experimental realization of a 2D Lieb lattice remained challenging to date due to its intrinsic structural instability. After computationally designing a Platinum‐Phosphorus (Pt‐P) Lieb lattice, it has successfully overcome its structural instability and synthesized on a gold substrate via molecular beam epitaxy. Low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy verify the Lieb lattice's morphology and electronic flat bands. Furthermore, topological Dirac edge states stemming from pronounced spin‐orbit coupling induced by heavy Pt atoms are predicted. These findings convincingly open perspectives for creating metal–inorganic framework‐based atomic lattices, offering prospects for strongly correlated phases interplayed with topology.
Tuning the Spin Transition and Carrier Type in Rare‐Earth Cobaltates via Compositional Complexity
Authors: Zhang Alan , Oh Sangheon , Choi Byoung Ki , Rotenberg Eli , Brown Timothy D. , Spataru Catalin D. , Kinigstein Eli , Guo Jinghua , Sugar Joshua D. , Salagre Elena , Mascaraque Arantzazu , Michel Enrique G. , Shad Alison C. , Zhu Jacklyn , Witman Matthew D. , Kumar Suhas , Talin A. Alec , Fuller Elliot J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in material candidates with properties that can be engineered beyond traditional design limits. Compositionally complex oxides (CCO), often called high entropy oxides, are excellent candidates, wherein a lattice site shares more than four cations, forming single‐phase solid solutions with unique properties. However, the nature of compositional complexity in dictating properties remains unclear, with characteristics that are difficult to calculate from first principles. Here, compositional complexity is demonstrated as a tunable parameter in a spin‐transition oxide semiconductor La1− x(Nd, Sm, Gd, Y)x/4CoO3, by varying the population x of rare earth cations over 0.00≤ x≤ 0.80. Across the series, increasing complexity is revealed to systematically improve crystallinity, increase the amount of electron versus hole carriers, and tune the spin transition temperature and on‐off ratio. At high a population (x = 0.8), Seebeck measurements indicate a crossover from hole‐majority to electron‐majority conduction without the introduction of conventional electron donors, and tunable complexity is proposed as new method to dope semiconductors. First principles calculations combined with angle resolved photoemission reveal an unconventional doping mechanism of lattice distortions leading to asymmetric hole localization over electrons. Thus, tunable complexity is demonstrated as a facile knob to improve crystallinity, tune electronic transitions, and to dope semiconductors beyond traditional means.
From Challenges to Solution: The Evolving Landscape of Leprosy Management
Authors: Moreira Lívia Maria Coelho de Carvalho , Oliveira Antônia Carla de Jesus , Chaves Luíse Lopes , Soares Mônica Felts de La Rocca , Soares‐Sobrinho José Lamartine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLeprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, despite being a curable disease when treated can induce peripheral neuropathy. However, the medicines used in polychemotherapy promote several side effects. Thus, research for the development of new administration systems is an alternative, but there is a lack of preclinical and clinical studies of the systems, where 90.90% have a level of technological maturity 3 and 9.09% level 4. The main issues are associated with deficiencies in vitro and in vivo cultivation methodologies, lack of financing, as well as the disinterest of the pharmaceutical industry in investing in neglected tropical diseases. In addition, with the emergence of resistant bacteria, there is urgency in the search for vaccines and, therefore, in the expansion of immunomodulation studies to define the molecular targets of the vaccine and future medications. In addition, future treatments for various diseases, including leprosy, will be directly influenced by the evolution of additive manufacturing and 3D printing, seeking personalized, flexible, and reproducible treatment.
Tuning Surface Reconfiguration for Durable Cathode/Electrolyte Interphase of LiCoO2 at 45 °C
Authors: Li Zijian , Zhao Wenguang , Ren Hengyu , Yi Haocong , Du Yuhao , Yu Haitao , Fang Jianjun , Song Yongli , Chen Hui , Zhou Lin , Li Shunning , Zhao Qinghe , Pan Feng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, strategies of optimizing cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) have been applied to enhance the durability of LiCoO2 (LCO) at high voltages (≥4.55 V vs Li/Li+) and high temperatures (≥45 °C), but the underlying mechanism is still in debate. Herein, a durable CEI on LCO that operates at 45 °C is achieved via tuning the chemical and morphological properties at the surface. Specifically, an artificial CEI layer composing of island‐shaped AlPO4/Li3PO4 deposits is constructed on LCO surface, i.e., AP‐LCO. Upon cycle, a progressive chemical evolution from AlPO4 to Li3AlF6/Li3PO4 takes place, and a robust CEI enriching with ion‐conductive Li3AlF6 species is formed, leading to a uniform and compact CEI to provide a comprehensive coverage on LCO surface. Therefore, the AP‐LCO displays outstanding improvements in the resistance to HF corrosion, the suppression of surface degradation, and the kinetics of Li+ transport, along with an unprecedentedly high thermal stability. Benefited from the above advantages, the Li||AP‐LCO cell shows high capacity retention of 84.0% in 500 cycles at 45 °C and 4.6 V. This work provides a new insight into the role of robust CEI for high‐temperature durability of LCO cathodes.
Evaluating the Concept of Brain Sparing in a High Income Setting, Using Historical Records of Maternal Influenza or Syphilis Infection
Authors: Le Vu Mathilde , Cortina‐Borja Mario , Wells Jonathan C. K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn the context of adverse in utero environments, the fetal brain might be preserved at the expense of other tissues. This trade‐off, brain sparing, has not been studied in the context of maternal infection. We investigated cases of maternal syphilis in the early 20th century and influenza during the 1918–1920 pandemic, in the Swiss city of Lausanne, a relatively high‐income setting. We tested the brain sparing hypothesis, that head circumference is protected at the expense of birth weight.MethodsA total of 8530 individual birth records from 1911 to 1922 from the University Maternity Hospital of Lausanne were used. We fitted generalized linear and additive linear models to explain how neonatal size varies under disease exposure.ResultsInfluenza reduced head circumference and birth weight among livebirths similarly, by −0.11 and −0.14 standard deviation (SD) units respectively. Conversely, for syphilis‐exposed infants, head circumference was affected more than birth weight (−0.61 SD vs. −0.46 SD). Stillborn infants exposed to syphilis experienced a much greater reduction in head circumference (−1.92 SD) than liveborn infants. After adjustment for gestational age, these findings persisted in the case of influenza, but the effects of syphilis were reduced. Furthermore, half of syphilis‐exposed infants were born before term, suggesting that lower infant size was partly mediated by shorter gestation. Nevertheless, head circumference among stillbirths exposed to syphilis was still substantially reduced, even after adjustment for gestational age (−1.26 SD).ConclusionOur findings do not support the brain sparing hypothesis. Moreover, the substantial reduction in head circumference among syphilis‐exposed fetuses might help explain why a quarter of them were stillborn.
Preparation of ZIF‐8‐Based Functionalized Magnetic Nanocomposites and Their Application in Aqueous Environment
Authors: Ren Zongli , Zhang Weiwei , Ye Baogui , Ma Xin , Fang Yali 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, a functionalized magnetic powder complex porous carbon derived from ZIF‐8 (ZIF‐8@Na‐Cit@Fe3O4NPs@AC(500°C)) was prepared and applied for the waste liquid containing MB, TC, and Cu2+ adsorption removal. The ZIF‐8@Na‐Cit@Fe3O4NPs@AC(500°C) perfectly inherited the feature of parent ZIF‐8, posed a high specific surface area (SBET = 812.73 m2 g−1), be rich in surface nitrogen functional groups, and resulting in a good dynamic adsorption of the MB, TC, and Cu2+. The ZIF‐8@Na‐Cit@Fe3O4NPs@AC(500°C) exhibited the best adsorption performance of high‐concentration waste liquid containing MB, TC, and Cu2+, with equilibrium adsorption capacity of MB (408 mg g−1), TC (417 mg g−1), and Cu2+ (386 mg g−1), respectively. The acetone and toluene adsorption were spontaneously and exothermic, given the negative values of free energy (ΔG) and enthalpy (ΔH). The difference of MB, TC, and Cu2+ adsorption on ZIF‐8@Na‐Cit@Fe3O4NPs@AC(500°C) attributed to the affinity difference (polarity and molecular diameter) and the nitrogen‐containing functional groups (π‐π interaction and electrostatic attraction). Therefore, it was found that ZIF‐8@Na‐Cit@Fe3O4NPs@AC(500°C) could effectively adsorb MB, TC, and Cu2+, and ZIF‐8@Na‐Cit@Fe3O4NPs@AC(500°C) could remove more than 70% of the above pollutants after repeated use for four times; it has a good application prospect.
Scenarios, prospects, and challenges related to supercritical fluid impregnation in the food industry: a scoping review (2018–2023)
Authors: de Araujo Erick Jarles Santos , Martínez Julian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSupercritical fluid impregnation (SFI) is an emerging technique for the incorporation of target compounds into solid matrices. It has attracted attention in the food industry, where it can be applied. As it does not use organic solvents and supercritical CO2 is the most commonly used fluid, SFI is considered to be an ecofriendly and ‘green’ strategy. A review of the literature is essential in order to understand the complex interactions that occur in SFI. This is a scoping review of SFI applied to the food industry from 2018 to 2023. The search used the Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Guiding questions were identified, publications related to the topic were selected, and the information was extracted, organized, and grouped. An overview of the SFI, its operational characteristics, challenges, prospects, and strategies is presented. Initially, 329 records were found; 38 publications were eventually selected for inclusion in this scoping review. The results indicate that the packaging sector has been the focus of publications. However, trends include applications of SFI in micronization, developing of food waste biorefineries, and food protection from direct impregnation. This scoping analysis is therefore a powerful tool for creating new research into the application of SFI to food.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regioselective Methylative Coupling of Internal Alkynes with Aldehydes/Aldimines
Authors: Zhang Jiwu , Liang Zhikun , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke 
Published: August 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCatalytic methylative coupling of internal alkynes and aldehydes/aldimines through regioselective oxidative cyclization promoted by a phosphine–Co complex is presented. Such process constitutes an unprecedented and unique approach for Co‐catalyzed generation of metallacycles that reversed inherent regiochemical biases to furnish a wide range of allylic alcohols and allylic amides bearing a tetrasubstituted alkene in up to 98% yield with high regioselectivity, representing a novel and general strategy for reversal of substrate‐controlled regioselectivity in metal‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization.
InDel variations and gene expression analysis related to Fusarium wilt resistance in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Liu Baojun , Han Wanli , Bai Jianyu , Yu Yu , Wang Xuwen , Qu Yanying , Gu Aixing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFusarium wilt resistance of Gossypium barbadense is very important to maintain its yield and quality, and to disease resistance breeding. Although many individual genes, which are quantitative trait loci associated with wilt resistance have been identified, knowledge of genes controlling wilt resistance in G. barbadense is still limited. In order to screen the InDel fragment related to Fusarium wilt resistance in G. barbadense, a genome‐wide association study was conducted using 110 recombinant inbred lines of Xinhai 14 (susceptible cotton) and 06–146 (resistant cotton). In this study, 207,040 high‐quality InDel loci were identified, of which 595 and 632 InDels were significantly associated (p < 1 × 10−3) with wilt resistance in G. barbadense in the additive and dominant effect module analyses, respectively. Combined transcriptome expression analysis within the FOV7 stably inherited qFOV7‐D03‐1 interval identified three ≥2 bp InDels for two differentially expressed genes. qPCR analysis was used to further validate that the expression of GB_D03G0204 and GB_D03G0238 was significantly different in the parental, resistant, and high susceptibility varieties. The GB_D03G0238 gene InDel was significant in both additive and dominant effect models, and the GB_D03G0204 gene InDel was significantly associated with wilt resistance in G. barbadense in the dominant effect model. The InDel fragments related to wilt resistance in G. barbadense discovered in this study can help gain insights into the genetic basis of wilt resistance and improve cotton breeding with excellent wilt resistance and high fiber quality traits.
General Synthesis of High‐Entropy Oxides and Carbon‐Supported High‐Entropy Oxides by Mechanochemistry
Authors: Gao Ying , Tian Xicai , Niu Qiang , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐entropy oxides (HEOs) have been receiving a lot of attention due to their excellent properties. However, current common methods for preparing HEOs usually involve high‐temperature processes. The development of green synthesis techniques remains an important issue. Carbon‐supported HEOs have shown excellent performance in electrochemical energy storage in recent years. Crucially, the traditional methods cannot synthesize carbon‐supported HEOs under N2 or air atmospheres. Toward this end, a universal method for preparing carbon‐supported HEOs was proposed. During this process, without high‐temperature post‐treatment, high‐entropy LaMnO3 could be synthesized in 2 hours using the mechanical ball‐milling method. Furthermore, this method was universal and has been proved in the synthesis of a series of HEOs such as PrVO3, SmVO3, and MgAl2O4. The LaMnO3 species synthesized by this method exhibit excellent catalytic performance in CO combustion and could maintain a conversion rate of over 97 % for 350 hours. Subsequently, carbon‐supported HEOs could be obtained with 0.5 hours of additional ball‐milling, offering significant advantages over traditional methods. This process provides a potential method to synthesize carbon‐supported HEOs.
A survey on network lifetime maximization using data aggregation trees
Authors: Kale Preeti A. , Nene Manisha J. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe sensor networks are the primary and essential components on which the world of Internet of Things (IoT) is built. IoT empowers smart communication, computation, and sensing capabilities. In sensor networks, the data are collected by the sensor nodes and sent to the sink along a communication path. These communication paths are collaboratively established by the nodes and the sink. By incorporating energy‐efficient data gathering techniques, the lifetime of these networks is improved. The major contribution of the study in this work is to provide a survey of various techniques for data aggregation (DA) and the employed algorithmic strategies that facilitate and influence network lifetime (NL) in these environments. DA in wireless sensor networks (WSN), IoTs, and cloud computing extend the lifetime of these networks since it enables efficient merging of traffic flows, thus reducing transmissions and energy consumption of devices. In sensor networks, data aggregation tree (DAT)‐based routing facilitates energy‐efficient routing that extends NL. NL maximization using DATs constructs DATs with optimal NL and is a known NP‐complete problem. Subsequently, the study in this work surveys the various approaches employed by researchers to construct DATs and discusses techniques for DAT scheduling. This work further explores various sensor deployment techniques and discusses real world scenario in which NL is influenced by uncertainty in communication links. Finally, the study in this survey highlights the achievements in realizing NL improvement using DAT and identifies the limitations and research challenges.
Self‐sensing piezoresistive aerospace composites based on CNTs and 2D material coated fabric sensors
Authors: Khan Tayyab , Umer Rehan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ongoing fourth industrial revolution, also known as “Industry 4.0” is the driving force behind the digitalization of various manufacturing systems by incorporating smart autonomous systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and artificial intelligence. In terms of aerospace composites, comprehensive research has been carried out in the past decade or so to manufacture smart and self‐sensing fiber‐reinforced polymer composites capable of monitoring their own health states. This review focuses on recent developments in smart, self‐sensing fiber‐reinforced composites incorporating nanomaterial‐coated piezoresistive fabric sensors such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and MXene. A comprehensive overview of process monitoring involving the complete resin infusion cycle, such as compaction response, resin flow monitoring, pressure variations within the mold, process‐induced defects monitoring, and cure/post‐cure monitoring, has been provided. The post‐manufacturing structuring health monitoring (SHM) of composites has also been discussed in detail. An overview of the associated challenges of these sensors, such as manufacturability, robustness, conductivity/piezoresistivity calibration, and the effect on structural integrity, is presented. Finally, future insights into the application of these sensors in the physical and cyber domains for smart factories of the future have also been discussed.
Evaluation of the nitrosamine impurities of ACE inhibitors using computational, in vitro, and in vivo methods demonstrate no genotoxic potential
Authors: Cheung Jennifer , Dobo Krista , Zhang Shaofei , Nudelman Raphael , Schmidt Friedemann , Wenzel Jan , Czich Andreas , Schuler Maik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEvaluation and mitigation of the potential carcinogenic risks associated with nitrosamines in marketed pharmaceutical products are areas of interest for pharmaceutical companies and health authorities alike. Significant progress has been made to establish acceptable intake (AI) levels for N‐nitrosamine drug substance‐related impurities (NDSRIs) using SAR, however some compounds require experimental data to support derivation of a recommended AI. Many angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, identified by the suffix “pril,” have secondary amines that can potentially react to form nitrosamines. Here we consider a structural assessment and metabolism data, coupled with comprehensive in vitro and in vivo (mouse) genotoxicity testing to evaluate this particular class of nitrosamines. N‐nitroso ramipril and N‐nitroso quinapril, both of which are predicted to have inhibited nitrosamine bioactivation due to steric hinderance and branching at the α‐position were non‐genotoxic in the in vivo liver comet assay and non‐mutagenic in the in vivo Big Blue® mutation and duplex sequencing assays. Predicted metabolism along with in vitro metabolism data and quantum chemical calculations related to DNA interactions offer a molecular basis for the negative results observed in both in vitro and in vivo testing. These nitrosamines are concluded to be non‐mutagenic and non‐carcinogenic; therefore, they should be controlled according to ICH Q3B guidance. Furthermore, these results for N‐nitroso ramipril and N‐nitroso quinapril should be considered when evaluating the appropriate AI and control strategy for other structurally similar “pril” NDSRIs.