bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE PREDICTION OF SUCCESS AND SATISFACTION IN COLLEGE MAJOR FIELDS
Authors: French John W. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe Comparative Prediction Battery, college level, an experimental instrument consisting of very short measures of 16 aptitude factors, an interest inventory, and a personality questionnaire, was administered to 4,833 students in eight colleges of whom 2,123 graduated and for whom complete records were available including all tests and inventory scores, four‐year academic records, and questionnaire information on satisfaction with chosen major field. This first part of the report describes briefly the general philosophy of the study, describes the tests, the inventory scales, and the criterion information obtained for the students, gives the essential details of the administration and follow‐up, and presents the findings: intercorrelations of the predictor variables, their validities for major field grades, freshman course grades, satisfaction with major field, and other criteria, and means and standard deviations of the variables for major field groups at the eight colleges.A limited discussion of the data summarizes the more interesting findings and makes a comparison between results of this study and of a recent four‐year college validation study carried out for the College Board. While the tests were found to have remarkably high validities for some fields, there is evidence that academic criteria are so inconsistent from college to college and department to department that it is unlikely that findings can be generalized for all colleges or even groups of colleges. The possibilities for successful differential prediction do not look good for aptitude tests, but look better for interest measures particularly as corrections for restriction of range will raise the appropriate validity coefficients. Part 2 of this report will describe the analysis permitting full interpretation of the findings.
Interplay between cellular activity and three‐dimensional scaffold‐cell constructs with different foam structure processed by electron beam melting
Authors: Nune Krishna C. , Misra R. Devesh K. , Gaytan Sara M. , Murr Lawrence E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe cellular activity, biological response, and consequent integration of scaffold‐cell construct in the physiological system are governed by the ability of cells to adhere, proliferate, and biomineralize. In this regard, we combine cellular biology and materials science and engineering to fundamentally elucidate the interplay between cellular activity and interconnected three‐dimensional foamed architecture obtained by a novel process of electron beam melting and computational tools. Furthermore, the organization of key proteins, notably, actin, vinclulin, and fibronectin, involved in cellular activity and biological functions and relationship with the structure was explored. The interconnected foamed structure with ligaments was favorable to cellular activity that includes cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. The primary rationale for favorable modulation of cellular functions is that the foamed structure provided a channel for migration and communication between cells leading to highly mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) by the differentiating osteoblasts. The filopodial interaction amongst cells on the ligaments was a governing factor in the secretion of ECM, with consequent influence on maturation and mineralization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1677–1692, 2015.
Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes in a novel three‐dimensional microcavitary hydrogel
Authors: Zeng Lei , Chen Xiaofeng , Zhang Qing , Yu Feng , Li Yuli , Yao Yongchang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough chondrocytes exist in native cartilage all over the body, it is still a challenge to use them as therapeutic cells for cartilage tissue engineering (TE) because of their easy dedifferentiation inin vitroculture. An improved culture system to maintain the characteristics of chondrocytes or recover their chondrocytic phenotype should be developed. In this study, we have set up an innovative microcavitary alginate hydrogel in an easy way. We compared this culture system with the conventional hydrogel and found that the microcavitary hydrogel exhibited outstanding superiorities in helping the dedifferentiated chondrocytes recover the capability for synthesizing cartilaginous extracellular matrix. In addition, we explored the correlation between chondrocyte redifferentiation in microcavitary hydrogels and changes in p38 and Erk1/2 activity. Our findings indicated that this microcavitary hydrogel would be a promising culture system to provide sufficient competent cells for cartilage regeneration and TE. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1693–1702, 2015.
Complications associated with the pedicled nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction
Authors: Soudry Ethan , Psaltis Alkis J. , Lee Kun H. , Vaezafshar Reza , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo analyze complications associated with nasoseptal flap elevation and reconstruction in endoscopic skull base surgery.Study DesignCase series.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all patients who underwent nasoseptal flap procedure in our institution between 2008 and 2013.ResultsA total of 121 patients were identified with a mean follow‐up time of 10.4 months. Complications associated with this procedure occurred in 33 patients (27%). The majority of complications were related to the septal donor site and included septal perforation, cartilage necrosis, and prolonged crusting. Other complications included intraoperative injury to the flap pedicle (n = 4) or recurrent/persistent cerebrospinal fluid leak occurring in the early postoperative period (n = 7). Long‐term quality‐of‐life data assessed via Sinonasal Outcome Test‐22 questionnaires did not reveal notable differences when compared to preoperative scores.ConclusionThe complication rate associated with nasoseptal flap elevation and inset is higher than previously described. The majority of complications became manifest beyond the immediate postoperative period and were associated with the septal donor site, including septal perforation, prolonged crusting, and cartilage necrosis. We hypothesize that donor site morbidity may be related to compromise of the contralateral septal vascular supply during the procedure. The range and frequency of complications of nasal septal flap surgery should be considered in counseling patients who may receive a nasoseptal flap for skull base reconstruction.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:80–85, 2015
Nutritional assessment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in routine practice: Value of weighing and bioelectrical impedance analysis
Authors: Roubeau Vincent , Blasco Hélène , Maillot François , Corcia Philippe , Praline Julien 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe evaluated clinical and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) parameters at the time of diagnosis and during follow‐up and associated these parameters with survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients.MethodsOne hundred seventeen patients were enrolled and were evaluated prospectively every 3 months. All patients underwent at least 1 BIA‐based assessment, and 73 underwent at least 2 assessments. Data regarding the site of onset, age at onset, weight, body mass index (BMI), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale score (ALSFRS), fat‐free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and phase angle (PA) were collected.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, weight loss exceeding 5% of the premorbid weight and low PA were poor prognostic factors. During follow‐up, a decrease of PA and FFM were associated with shorter survival, regardless of weight loss.ConclusionsThese results confirm that BIA is useful to identify poor prognostic factors at the time of diagnosis and during follow‐up and thus could be used to monitor patients during follow‐up. Early identification of poor prognostic factors enables nutritional management and might improve patient survival. Muscle Nerve 51: 479–484, 2015
Behavioral side effects of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment: The role of parenting strategies
Authors: Williams Lauren K. , Lamb Karen E. , McCarthy Maria C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral and emotional difficulties are a recognised side effect of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment. Modifiable factors, such as parenting strategies, may be an appropriate target for interventions to assist families with managing their child's behavior, potentially leading to improved psychosocial and clinical outcomes. This study examined whether parenting strategies are associated with child behavioral and emotional problems in a pediatric oncology context, with the aim of establishing whether parenting is a potential modifiable target for psychosocial intervention.ProcedureParticipants included 73 parents of children aged 2–6 years who were either (i) in the maintenance phase of treatment for ALL at the Royal Children's Hospital Children's Cancer Centre, Melbourne (N = 43), or (ii) had no major medical history (healthy control group) (N = 30). Participants completed psychometrically validated questionnaires that assessed parenting strategies and child emotional and behavioral problems.ResultsResults revealed that the ALL group parents reported higher lax parenting and more spoiling and bribing of their child than the healthy control group. Results from regression models indicated that, after controlling for the significant contribution of illness status and child age on child emotional and behavioral difficulties, parental laxness and parental overprotection were significantly associated with child emotional and behavioral difficulties.ConclusionsSupporting parents to minimise sub‐optimal parenting strategies, particularly lax parenting, may offer a fruitful avenue for future research directed toward modifiable factors associated with managing child emotional and behavioral problems in a pediatric oncology context. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2065–2070. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anticoagulant therapy in head injury‐associated cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children
Authors: Xavier Frederico , Komvilaisak Patcharee , Williams Suzan , Kulkarni Abhaya V. , deVeber Gabrielle , Moharir Mahendranath D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundHead injury is a risk factor for cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) in children. Literature concerning head injury‐associated CSVT (HIA‐CSVT) is scarce. Data supporting safety and efficacy of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) in childhood CSVT is emerging. However, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) occurs frequently in children with HIA‐CSVT at diagnosis making initiation of ACT controversial due to the fear of worsening of ICH.ProcedureWe conducted a retrospective descriptive review of a consecutive cohort of children with HIA‐CSVT from 1998 to 2012.ResultsTwenty patients (14 males, mean age 7 years) with HIA‐CSVT were identified. Most (19/20 [95%]) had significant ICH at diagnosis. None received ACT at diagnosis. Fourteen (70%) were later (median 7 days post‐trauma, range 2–48 days) treated with ACT due to CSVT persistence (nine) and propagation (five), despite ICH in 13. None of the treated patients, including the 13 with pre‐existing ICH, had significant worsening of hemorrhage. Three (21%) treated patients had minor asymptomatic extension of their hemorrhage and further ACT was withheld. No patient died while on ACT. No patient experienced CSVT propagation on ACT. Clinical outcomes were normal (no neurologic deficits) in 5/20(25%), mild neurological deficits in 10/20(50%), and moderate‐severe neurological deficits in 5/20(25%). Small sample size did not permit assessment of the effect of ACT on outcome.ConclusionsAnticoagulant therapy is safe in selected children with HIA‐CSVT. ICH is not an absolute contraindication to ACT in children with HIA‐CSVT. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2037–2042. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Orbital Based Design Guideline for Hypergolic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Sengupta Debasis , Vaghjiani Ghanshyam L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCurrently, monomethyl hydrazine is the most widely used hypergolic rocket fuel. Due to its high toxic vapor, there is a thrust towards developing low‐toxic hypergolic fuels. Ultra‐low vapor pressure ionic liquids are one such potential category of fuels. However, designing ionic liquid with ignition delay comparable to monomethyl hydrazine is a challenge, because fundamental understanding of the hypergolic nature of ionic liquids is far from clear. This work used the computed energy gap values between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) of the anions for a series of ionic liquids and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of HNO3, and variation in the computed relative heats of formation, ΔHf, of these anions to develop correlations to predict hypergol activity between an ionic liquid fuel and nitric acid as the oxidizer. The observed trends in HOMOLUMO energy gap and ΔHf values can be used successfully to verify not only hypergolicity of known systems but also the lack of this phenomenon in OH− and BF4− based ionic liquids. It was shown that through suitable substitution of electron withdrawing or electron donating groups in the anion, the energy gap and the ΔHf values could be tailored into an optimal range that would have a high probability for the new system to exhibit hypergolic reactivity. To validate our method, we suggest herein new ionic liquid structures for synthesis and experimental screening.
Trypsinogen activation as observed in accelerated molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Boechi Leonardo , Pierce Levi , Komives Elizabeth A. , McCammon J. Andrew 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSerine proteases are involved in many fundamental physiological processes, and control of their activity mainly results from the fact that they are synthetized in an inactive form that becomes active upon cleavage. Three decades ago Martin Karplus's group performed the first molecular dynamics simulations of trypsin, the most studied member of the serine protease family, to address the transition from the zymogen to its active form. Based on the computational power available at the time, only high frequency fluctuations, but not the transition steps, could be observed. By performing accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) simulations, an interesting approach that increases the configurational sampling of atomistic simulations, we were able to observe the N‐terminal tail insertion, a crucial step of the transition mechanism. Our results also support the hypothesis that the hydrophobic effect is the main force guiding the insertion step, although substantial enthalpic contributions are important in the activation mechanism. As the N‐terminal tail insertion is a conserved step in the activation of serine proteases, these results afford new perspective on the underlying thermodynamics of the transition from the zymogen to the active enzyme.
European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) restocking: Effects on abundance and spatial distribution
Authors: Guil Francisco , Higuero Rafael , Moreno‐Opo Rubén 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has suffered a dramatic reduction in numbers in many parts of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 50 years. The European rabbit is a keystone species of Mediterranean ecosystems and an important game resource. Because of its role as a prey animal, it is important for the preservation of globally threatened Iberian predators. Several techniques have been used to help wild rabbit populations recover. Restocking is one of the most important techniques because of its frequent use throughout the rabbit's Mediterranean range. In the present study, we analyzed the population dynamics and spatial behavior observed between 2004 and 2007 in 6 different wild rabbit restockings with subterranean tube warrens in 3 private estates located in Extremadura (SW Spain). In all the estates, increases in spatial relevance in the rabbit population were observed, with expansions across >150 ha in one of the estates and an average of 69.86 ha 2 years after the last release. After the rabbits were restocked, they were observed continuously in 2 of the estates for 3 years after the initial release. In these high‐quality habitat sites, restockings have served as a source area. Restocking with subterranean tube warrens proved to be a suitable method for creating medium‐term sustainable populations with medium abundance (10.88 latrines/km 2 yr after the last release). This technique can be broadly applied for managing threatened species dependent on the rabbits in Mediterranean areas and for other threatened fossorial species. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Demographic responses of bighorn sheep to recreational activities: A trial of a trail
Authors: Wiedmann Brett P. , Bleich Vernon C. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTLong‐term effects of anthropogenic disturbance to wildlife, and whether such effects have population‐level consequences, often are difficult to determine. In 1996, a recreational hiking trail (Maah Daah Hey Trail [Trail]) was constructed by the U.S. Forest Service through 4 geographic areas, each occupied by a distinct sub‐population of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), in western North Dakota, USA. From 2001 to 2012, we monitored distribution, recruitment rates, and abundance of female bighorn sheep in the sub‐populations to investigate responses to activities associated with the Trail, and whether demographic consequences occurred. Female bighorn sheep at Sully Creek were displaced from, and eventually abandoned, lambing habitat subjected to intensive recreational use that was erratic and unpredictable. Consequently, females inhabiting Sully Creek had lower fidelity to lambing areas than did other sub‐populations, all of which realized 100% fidelity. Further, females inhabiting Sully Creek achieved lower recruitment of young, exhibited a substantial downward trend in recruitment rate, and a decline in abundance of females compared with the other sub‐populations also exposed to the Trail, but where perturbation was less severe and human activities were consistent, predictable, and spatial separation existed between recreationists and lambing habitat. Metapopulations of bighorn sheep occurring in fragmented habitat having minimal vertical relief may be especially susceptible to sources of disturbance, which should be a consideration when recreational facilities are developed. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Barth syndrome without tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin deficiency: a possible ameliorated phenotype
Authors: Bowron Ann , Honeychurch Julie , Williams Maggie , Tsai‐Goodman Beverley , Clayton Nicol , Jones Lucy , Shortland Graham J. , Qureshi Shakeel A. , Heales Simon J. R. , Steward Colin G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBarth syndrome (BTHS) is an X‐linked disorder characterised by cardiac and skeletal myopathy, growth delay, neutropenia and 3‐methylglutaconic aciduria (3‐MGCA). Patients have TAZ gene mutations which affect metabolism of cardiolipin, resulting in low tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (CL4), an increase in its precursor, monolysocardiolipin (MLCL), and an increased MLCL/CL4 ratio. During development of a diagnostic service for BTHS, leukocyte CL4 was measured in 156 controls and 34 patients with genetically confirmed BTHS. A sub‐group of seven subjects from three unrelated families was identified with leukocyte CL4 concentrations within the control range. This had led to initial false negative disease detection in two of these patients. MLCL/CL4 in this subgroup was lower than in other BTHS patients but higher than controls, with no overlap between the groups. TAZ gene mutations in these families are all predicted to be pathological. This report describes the clinical histories of these seven individuals with an atypical phenotype: some features were typical of BTHS (five have had cardiomyopathy, one family has a history of male infant deaths, three have growth delay and five have 3‐MGCA) but none has persistent neutropenia, five have excellent exercise tolerance and two adults are asymptomatic. This report also emphasises the importance of measurement of MLCL/CL4 ratio rather than CL4 alone in the biochemical diagnosis of the BTHS.
The Incidence of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) in Patients Admitted to an Acquired Brain Injury Unit
Authors: Packer Ro 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Brain injury is described as one potential cause of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV); however, there is little information regarding the actual incidence in people who have suffered a brain injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of BPPV in a group of inpatients with a brain injury and to document the pattern of recovery.Methods: A retrospective chart review was used to collate data associated with dizziness and BPPV for all inpatients admitted to an acquired brain injury (ABI) unit over 1 year.Results: Data from 89 individuals were collated. Forty-three individuals reported dizziness and 13 of these were clinically diagnosed with BPPV. All cases of BPPV occurred in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) with 17.6% of this diagnostic group affected. Over half the cases were diagnosed with bilateral BPPV. Seventy per cent of individuals with BPPV required multiple treatments to resolve all symptoms.Conclusions: Forty-one per cent of the inpatients who reported dizziness, and were able to be assessed, received a clinical diagnosis of BPPV. The study highlights the high incidence of BPPV following TBI, the importance of specifically enquiring about vertigo symptoms and undertaking appropriate assessment, and the increased complexity of treating BPPV in this group.
PROCEDURAL JUSTICE AND THE PROBLEM OF INTELLECTUAL DEFERENCE
Authors: Ahlstrom-Vij Kristoffer 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIt is a well-established fact that we tend to underestimate our susceptibility to cognitive bias on account of overconfidence, and thereby often fail to listen to intellectual advice aimed at reducing such bias. This is the problem of intellectual deference. The present paper considers this problem in contexts where educators attempt to teach students how to avoid bias for purposes of instilling epistemic virtues. It is argued that recent research in social psychology suggests that we can come to terms with this problem in two steps, the second of which involves educators communicating their intellectual advice in a procedurally just manner. The components of the relevant form of procedural justice are specified and related to Miranda Fricker and David Coady's notions of epistemic justice. Finally, a series of objections are considered and responded to.