bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should you Sleep on it? The Effects of Overnight Sleep on Subjective Preference‐based Choice
Authors: Karmarkar Uma R. , Shiv Baba , Spencer Rebecca M. C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConventional wisdom and studies of unconscious processing suggest that sleeping on a choice may improve decision making. Although sleep has been shown to benefit several cognitive tasks, including problem solving, its impact on everyday choices remains unclear. Here we explore the effects of ‘sleeping on it’ on preference‐based decisions among multiple options. In two studies, individuals viewed several attributes describing a set of items and were asked to select their preferred item after a 12‐hour interval that either contained sleep or was spent fully awake. After an overnight period including sleep, individuals showed increases in positive perceptions of the choice set. This finding contrasts with previous research showing that sleep selectively enhances recall for negative information. In addition, this increase in positive recall did not translate into a greater desire to purchase their preferred item or into an overall benefit for choice satisfaction. Time‐of‐day controls were used to confirm that the observed effects could not be explained by circadian influences. Thus, we show that people may feel more positive about the choice options but not more confident about the choice after ‘sleeping on’ a subjective decision. We discuss how the valence of recalled choice set information may be important in understanding the effects of sleep on multi‐attribute decision making and suggest several avenues for future research. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epidemiology and classification of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms using current coding criteria
Authors: Sandvik O M , Søreide K , Gudlaugsson E , Kvaløy J T , Søreide J A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
The lack of uniform criteria for coding of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (GEP-NEN) has hampered previous epidemiological studies. The epidemiology of GEP-NEN was investigated in this study using currently available criteria.

Methods
All patients diagnosed with GEP-NEN between January 2003 and December 2013 in a well defined Norwegian population of approximately 350 000 people were included. Age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates were calculated. The current 2010 World Health Organization criteria, European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society classification and International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification were used.

Results
A total of 204 patients (114 male, 55·9 per cent) were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 61 (range 10–94) years. The annual overall crude incidence was 5·83 per 100 000 inhabitants, with an increasing trend (P = 0·033). The most frequent location was small intestine (60 patients, 29·4 per cent) followed by appendix (48 patients, 23·5 per cent) and pancreas (33 patients, 16·2 per cent). Grade 1 tumours were more common in gastrointestinal (100 patients, 58·5 per cent) than in pancreatic (9 patients, 27 per cent) NEN. According to the UICC classification, 77 patients (37·7 per cent) had stage I, 17 patients (8·3 per cent) stage II, 37 patients (18·1 per cent) stage III and 70 patients (34·3 per cent) had stage IV disease. No patient with stage I disease had grade 3 tumours; advanced tumour grade increased with stage.

Conclusion
A high crude incidence of GEP-NEN, at 5·83 per 100 000 inhabitants, was noted together with a significant increasing trend over time.
Patterns of recurrence in early-stage oesophageal cancer after chemoradiotherapy and surgery compared with surgery alone
Authors: Robb W B , Messager M , Dahan L , Mornex F , Maillard E , D'Journo X B , Triboulet J-P , Bedenne L , Seitz J-F , Mariette C 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Patterns of disease recurrence in patients with oesophageal cancer following treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery (nCRTS) or surgery alone are poorly reported. An understanding of patterns of disease recurrence is important for subsequent treatment planning.

Methods
An analysis was undertaken of patterns of disease recurrence from a phase III multicentre randomized trial (FFCD9901) comparing nCRTS with surgery alone in patients with stage I and II oesophageal cancer.

Results
Some 170 patients undergoing surgical resection were included in the study. R0 resection rates were similar in the two groups: 94 per cent following nCRTSversus 92 per cent after surgery alone (P = 0·749). After a median follow-up of 94·2 months, recurrent disease was found in 39·4 per cent of the overall cohort (31 per cent after nCRTSversus 47 per cent following surgery alone; P = 0·030). Locoregional recurrence was diagnosed in 41 patients (17 versus 30 per cent respectively; P = 0·047) and distant metastatic recurrence in 47 (23 versus 31 per cent respectively; P = 0·244). Metastatic recurrence was more frequent in patients with adenocarcinoma than in those with squamous cell cancer (40 versus 23·1 per cent respectively; P = 0·032). ypT0 N0 category was associated with prolonged time to mixed locoregional and metastatic recurrence (P = 0·009), and time to locoregional (P = 0·044) and metastatic (P = 0·055) recurrence. In multivariable analysis, node-positive disease predicted both locoregional (P = 0·001) and metastatic (P &lt; 0·001) recurrence.

Conclusion
Locoregional disease control following nCRTS indicated a local field effect not related solely to completeness of resection. pN+ disease was strongly predictive of time to locoregional and metastatic disease recurrence.
Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles—From Unprecedented Solvatofluorochromism to Two‐Photon Absorption
Authors: Friese Daniel H. , Mikhaylov Alexander , Krzeszewski Maciej , Poronik Yevgen M. , Rebane Aleksander , Ruud Kenneth , Gryko Daniel T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA combined experimental and theoretical study of the two‐photon absorption (2PA) properties of a series of quadrupolar molecules possessing a highly electron‐rich heterocyclic core, pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole, is presented. In agreement with quantum‐chemical calculations, large 2PA cross‐section values, σ2PA≈102–103 GM (1 GM=1050 cm4 s photon−1), are observed at wavelengths of 650–700 nm, which correspond to the two‐photon allowed but one‐photon forbidden transitions. The calculations also predict that increased planarity of this molecule through removal of two N‐substituents leads to further increase in the σ2PA values. Surprisingly, the most quadrupolar pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrrole derivative, containing two 4‐nitrophenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, demonstrates a very strong solvatofluorochromic effect, with a fluorescence quantum yield as high as 0.96 in cyclohexane, whereas the fluorescence vanishes in DMSO.
Molecular Materials That Can Both Emit Light and Conduct Charges: Strategies and Perspectives
Authors: Liu Zitong , Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMolecular materials with concomitant light‐emissive and semiconducting properties have received increasing attention in recent years. Such dual functional materials ensure the development of multifunctional devices (e.g., organic light‐emitting transistors) and the emergence of new technologies. However, owing to the fact that intermolecular interactions and dense packing have opposite effects on photoluminescence and charge‐carrier mobility, it is still rather challenging to rationally design high‐performance molecular materials that exhibit both semiconducting and light‐emissive properties. In fact, only a limited number of such dual functional materials are available, and most of their performances need to be further improved. In this concept article we discuss the design strategies and perspectives of this challenging area with the introduction of representative examples of such dual functional materials reported in recent years.
Branched Au Nanoparticles as Light‐Harvesting Antennae for Photosensitized Reactions
Authors: Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Asakura Akihiro , Tatsuma Tetsu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBranched Au nanoparticles (NPs) were developed as nanoantennae that can enhance photoelectrochemical reaction rates. The branched Au NP generates a strong oscillating electric field (i.e., optical near field) under light of various polarizations and incident angles. Here we prepare branched Au NPs by electrodeposition and coat them with a ZnO thin film at a relatively low temperature to improve the thermal and chemical stabilities of the NPs. The ZnO‐coated branched Au NPs are modified further with PbS NPs. The PbS‐sensitized photocurrents are enhanced even at 1300 nm by the branched Au NPs. The enhancement peak wavelength can be controlled in the 700–1300 nm range by changing the branch length.
Evolution and biogeography of the endemic Roucela complex (Campanulaceae: Campanula) in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Crowl Andrew A. , Visger Clayton J. , Mansion Guilhem , Hand Ralf , Wu Hsin‐Hui , Kamari Georgia , Phitos Dimitrios , Cellinese Nico 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAt the intersection of geological activity, climatic fluctuations, and human pressure, the Mediterranean Basin – a hotspot of biodiversity – provides an ideal setting for studying endemism, evolution, and biogeography. Here, we focus on the Roucela complex (Campanula subgenus Roucela), a group of 13 bellflower species found primarily in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Plastid and low‐copy nuclear markers were employed to reconstruct evolutionary relationships and estimate divergence times within the Roucela complex using both concatenation and species tree analyses. Niche modeling, ancestral range estimation, and diversification analyses were conducted to provide further insights into patterns of endemism and diversification through time. Diversification of the Roucela clade appears to have been primarily the result of vicariance driven by the breakup of an ancient landmass. We found geologic events such as the formation of the mid‐Aegean trench and the Messinian Salinity Crisis to be historically important in the evolutionary history of this group. Contrary to numerous past studies, the onset of the Mediterranean climate has not promoted diversification in the Roucela complex and, in fact, may be negatively affecting these species. This study highlights the diversity and complexity of historical processes driving plant evolution in the Mediterranean Basin.
Plasma kidney injury molecule‐1 in heart failure: renal mechanisms and clinical outcome
Authors: Emmens Johanna E. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Matsue Yuya , Metra Marco , O'Connor Christopher M. , Ponikowski Piotr , Teerlink John R. , Cotter Gad , Davison Beth , Cleland John G. , Givertz Michael M. , Bloomfield Daniel M. , Dittrich Howard C. , Todd John , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Hillege Hans L. , Damman Kevin , van der Meer Peter , Voors Adriaan A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsUrinary kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) is a marker of tubular damage and associated with worse outcome in heart failure (HF). Plasma KIM‐1 has not been described in HF.Methods and resultsIn a renal mechanistic cohort of 120 chronic HF patients, we established the association between plasma KIM‐1, renal invasive haemodynamic parameters {renal blood flow ([131I]hippuran clearance) and measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR; [125I]iothalamate)} and urinary tubular damage markers. The association between plasma KIM‐1, plasma creatinine, and clinical outcome was further explored in a cohort of 2033 acute HF patients. Median plasma KIM‐1 was 171.5 pg/mL (122.8–325.7) in chronic (n = 99) and 295.1 pg/mL (182.2–484.2) in acute HF (n = 1588). In chronic HF, plasma KIM‐1 was associated with GFR (P < 0.001), creatinine, and cystatin C. Plasma KIM‐1 was associated with urinary N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase (NAG), but not with other urinary tubular damage markers. Log plasma KIM‐1 predicted adverse clinical outcome after adjustment for age, gender, and GFR [hazard ratio (HR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07–3.53, P = 0.030]. Statistical significance was lost after correction for NT‐proBNP (HR 1.61, 95% CI 0.81–3.20, P = 0.175). In acute HF, higher plasma KIM‐1 levels were associated with higher creatinine, lower albumin, and presence of diabetes. Log plasma KIM‐1 predicted 60‐day HF rehospitalization (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03–1.55, P = 0.024), but not 180‐day mortality or 60‐day death or renal or cardiovascular rehospitalization.ConclusionsPlasma KIM‐1 is associated with glomerular filtration and urinary NAG, but not with other urinary tubular damage markers. Plasma KIM‐1 does not predict outcome in chronic HF after correction for NT‐proBNP. In acute HF, plasma KIM‐1 predicts HF rehospitalization in multivariable analysis.
A CuI‐Based Metallo‐Supramolecular Gel‐Like Material Built from a Library of ­Oligomeric Ligands Featuring Exotopic 1,10‐Phenanthroline Units
Authors: Berrocal José Augusto , Albano Simone , Mandolini Luigi , Di Stefano Stefano 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA 22‐membered cyclic alkene C1 incorporating an exotopic 1,10‐phenanthroline nucleus in the ring skeleton has been synthesized and subjected to ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) in dilute dichloromethane solution at varying monomer concentrations (cmon). The resultant libraries of macrocyclic oligomers were used as ligands for the generation of main‐chain metal–ligand oligomeric/polymeric complexes taking advantage of the strong affinity of 1,10‐phenanthroline derivatives for CuI. The formation of a gel‐like material only upon addition of [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6 to the most concentrated library (cmon = 60 mM) was explained as arising from the presence of significant amounts of trimeric and higher oligomeric macrocycles Ci (i ≥ 3), acting as cross‐linking components.
High Performance Activated Carbon/Carbon Cloth Cathodes for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Janicek A. , Gao N. , Fan Y. , Liu H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReplacing precious metal catalysts by inexpensive activated carbon (AC) is a breakthrough in microbial fuel cell (MFC) cathode fabrication. In this study, AC powders made from bamboo, peat, coal, coconut, and hardwood sources are evaluated in terms of their electrochemical performance with carbon cloth as the base material. These ACs are characterized in terms of their conductivity, surface chemistry, surface area, and pore size distribution. The bamboo‐based AC demonstrates the highest potential for use as a catalyst for carbon cloth based cathode, reaching 10.6 A m−2 at 0V vs. Ag/AgCl and a loading of 25 mg cm−2. The maximum power density reached 3.3 W m−2 in CEA–MFCs. The high performance of the bamboo‐based AC cathode was possible due to the good conductivity and suitable surface chemistry of the bamboo AC and the high surface area of the base material. The hydrostatic pressure tolerance of the AC carbon cloth cathode is greater than 1.8 m, allowing for a more versatile cathode, suitable for use in many different reactor configurations.
Synthesis and biocompatibility assessment of sugarcane bagasse‐derived biogenic silica nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Athinarayanan Jegan , Periasamy Vaiyapuri Subbarayan , Alhazmi Mohammad , Alshatwi Ali A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSugarcane bagasse is a fibrous material and an excellent bioresource for biogenic silica. Moreover, sugarcane bagasse has low production costs and is a sustainable precursor for the synthesis of biogenic silica nanoparticles (BSNPs). In this study, we synthesized BSNPs using sugarcane bagasse. The acid pretreatment of sugarcane was carried out in an autoclave, which eliminates metal ions and promotes the hydrolysis of organic substances. Residues of the acid pretreatment were incinerated at different temperatures to determine the role of temperature on the formation of BSNPs. The crystalline nature and morphology of the prepared BSNPs were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The X‐ray diffraction analysis result indicates that the prepared BSNPs have an amorphous nature. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed that the BSNPs have an irregular shape with a porous morphology. The biocompatibility of BSNPs was studied by assessing their effect on human lung fibroblast cell viability, morphology, mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species, and gene expression. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays and microscopy studies suggested that BSNPs do not affect cell viability or morphology. BSNPs slightly affect the mitochondrial membrane potential at high doses. In addition, BSNPs decreased the percentage of human lung fibroblast cell in G1 and G2/M phases and increased the S population. These studies revealed that the BSNPs were biocompatible, indicating that they may be applicable for biomedical applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 340–349, 2017.
Atmospheric drought in Belgium – statistical analysis of precipitation deficit
Authors: Zamani Sepideh , Gobin Anne , Van de Vyver Hans , Gerlo Jeroen 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe principle of return periods or frequencies of natural hazards is adopted in many countries as the basis of eligibility for the compensation of associated losses. For adequate risk management and eligibility in Belgium, hazard maps for drought events with a 20‐year return period are needed. The maximum precipitation deficit in the summer half‐year (1 April–30 September) was taken as a good indicator for atmospheric drought severity during a particular year. Precipitation deficit is calculated as a cumulative balance between precipitation and evapotranspiration for a free open water surface, short grass, deciduous forest and coniferous forest. Precipitation deficit maxima were modelled with the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Mapping precipitation deficit return levels is based on a GEV distribution where the parameters vary smoothly in space as a function of altitude and distance to the sea. The final products are return level maps of extreme precipitation deficit, relevant for insurance companies providing cover for the forestry and agriculture sector.
Ferroelectric liquid crystals: Excellent tool for modern displays and photonics
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek K. , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi Sing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe ferroelectric liquid crystals, because of their fast electro‐optical response, are one of the most important classes of liquid crystals. Here, in this review, we have summarized the different electro‐optical modes for ferroelectric liquid crystals. Clark–Lagerwall effect (surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal), deformed helix ferroelectric (DHF) effect, electrically suppressed helix (ESH) mode, DHF orientational Kerr effect, and ESH diffraction modes have been discussed. All of the crucial features, that is, optics, electro‐optics, dynamics, and their dependence on material parameters, operational regime, and applications, have been reviewed.
A meta‐population model to predict occurrence and recovery of wolves
Authors: Maletzke Benjamin T. , Wielgus Robert B. , Pierce D. John , Martorello Donald A. , Stinson Derek W. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWolves (Canis lupis) have been recolonizing Washington since 2008. In an effort to guide recovery and management decisions for wolves, we created a spatially explicit meta‐population matrix model using vital rates based on empirical data from other states in the northwestern United States to estimate probability of occurrence, terminal extinction rates, and potential recovery time. We applied an existing habitat model for Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming to the Washington landscape to determine the extent of probable habitat. We then simulated an evenly distributed metapopulation based on average size of pack territories reported in central Idaho where average probability of occurrence exceeded 40%. Using the program RAMAS GIS, we created a female‐only, stage matrix model with dispersal using population metrics from central Idaho and northwestern Montana. Model simulations that begin in 2009 suggest Washington should reach its recovery goals in approximately 12 years (2021). We used the model to project recovery timeframes and the risk of declining below recovery objectives if management scenarios are considered during recovery. This model is also intended to be a versatile and adaptive tool for managers to project potential carrying capacity and the minimum viable population in the future when locally derived empirical data become available as wolves recolonize Washington. The model framework can be easily adapted to guide management decisions of wolves in other states (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Wyoming) or countries and it can also provide a way to identify recovery thresholds (quasi‐extinction) in other areas considered for recovery where no data are currently available. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Adenoidal follicular T helper cells provide stronger B‐cell help than those from tonsils
Authors: Morris Matthew C. , Kozara Kevin , Salamone Frank , Benoit Margo , Pichichero Michael E. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe tonsils and adenoids are secondary lymphoid organs, where antigen processing and immune cell development occur to control bacterial colonization and infection in the upper respiratory tract. Both organs are abundant in follicular T helper cells (TFH), a subset of T cells specialized for promoting B‐cell development. There are no prior studies on differences between the immune cells of the tonsils and adenoids and whether the cells function differently.Study DesignIn vitro assays to assess cell phenotype of tonsils and adenoids from young children (median age = 40 months).MethodsMononuclear cells from tonsils and adenoids were cultured with or without 1 µg/mL Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) for 4 days. Cell phenotype and function were assessed by flow cytometry and multiplex enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsWe found that in resting adenoids, TFH expressed higher CXCR5 and inducible costimulator but lower PD‐1 than those from the tonsils, and that adenoidal B cells expressed higher CD27. Upon polyclonal stimulation with SEB, both TFH and B cells from the adenoids proliferated to a greater extent, and culture supernatants contained higher levels of interleukin 21.ConclusionsWe conclude that the cells of the adenoid are disposed toward the provision of more robust B‐cell help than the tonsils.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E80–E85, 2016