bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and outcome of cutaneous diphtheria in adolescent refugees in Germany, June 2022 – October 2023
Authors: Zink Alicia , Hofer Juliana , Schneider Christian , Kessler Franziska , Klenze Hannes , Klauwer Dietrich , Maleki Klaudia , Müller Andreas , Goretzki Sarah , Wang Shubei , Kobbe Robin , Ramirez Andrea Vanegas , Bode Sebastian , Janda Ales , Fressle Roland , Remppis Jonathan , Henneke Philipp , Rieg Siegbert , Berger Anja , Sing Andreas , Hufnagel Markus , Spielberger Benedikt D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
From September 2022 an increase in Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C. diphtheriae) infections was reported in Europe. Our study focuses on 31 adolescent and young adult refugees with cutaneous C. diphtheriae infections detected in Germany. We examined treatment regimens and outcomes to provide targeted insights into the management of this infection.

Methods
We distributed a standardized survey, focused on children and adolescents presenting to paediatric clinics through the German Paediatric Infectious Diseases Society (DGPI) and additional professional contacts in Germany. Data were extracted from routine medical documentation and reported anonymously.

Results
A total of 31 individuals with cutaneous C. diphtheriae infection were reported by 9 centres. Two of these showed diphtheria toxin (DT) related systemic symptoms and four exhibited systemic inflammation requiring complex management. The remaining 25 cases, with exclusively cutaneous manifestations, were afebrile. Treatment with topical antiseptics and systemic antibiotics, mainly aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLI) (35%) or clindamycin (25%), achieved eradication in all but two cases treated with aminopenicillin/BLI. Treatment duration varied between 5 and 17 days.

Conclusions
In refugees presenting with chronic skin wounds, C. diphtheriae should be included into the differential diagnosis. Fever seems to be a valuable marker to differentiate severe cases with potentially DT-mediated sequelae from exclusively cutaneous diphtheria (CD). For afebrile CD, topical antiseptics and oral antibiotic therapy with clindamycin for 7 days, followed by clinical surveillance appears to be a safe treatment regimen. Patients with CD who present with fever or pharyngitis should be thoroughly investigated including blood and pharyngeal swab cultures.
On the Democratisation and Professionalisation of Higher Education Teaching
Authors: Shephard Kerry 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUniversities in Aotearoa New Zealand are increasingly espousing a democratic ideology that has much in common with some social justice elements of the internationally agreed Sustainable Development Goals. This trend, however, also relates to the more international ‘universal’ characterisation proposed by Trow in 1973 in the context of university massification, that emphasised universities’ role in helping societies to adapt to social and technological change, and their development from elite institutions. In exploring our democratic turn this article suggests that remnants of elite characteristics persist in our universities in the projected identity of our academics, and in our limited willingness to adapt our teaching to our changing roles. The article argues that such elitism may limit the role of university teaching in achieving social justice, and goes on to explore if future democratisation depends on the professionalisation of university teaching.
Deutsche Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik gefangen in der Politikverpflichtungsfalle: Die Zeitenwende aus der Sicht der Politikwissenschaft
Authors: Bendiek Annegret 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Literature Review analysiert die Debatte um die strukturellen Herausforderungen und die fehlende Anpassungsfähigkeit der deutschen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik im Kontext der sogenannten Zeitenwende, ausgelöst durch den Ukraine-Krieg und veränderte globale Rahmenbedingungen. Bundeskanzler Olaf Scholz beschrieb den 24. Februar 2022 als Zeitenwende in der Geschichte Europas, was neue Sanktionen und Investitionen in die deutsche Verteidigungspolitik legitimieren sollte. Dennoch zeigt sich, dass Deutschland keine umfassende strategische Neuausrichtung realisiert hat und weiterhin stark an die USA gebunden bleibt. Die mangelnde Anpassungsfähigkeit deutscher Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik erklärt sich aus einer Kombination von institutioneller Politikverflechtungs- und idealistischer Politikverpflichtungsfalle. Ideenbasierte sowie institutionelle Ansätze bieten Erklärungen für diese Immobilität deutscher Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik.
Kinematics of mandibular advancement devices (MADs): Why do some MADs move the lower jaw backward during mouth opening?
Authors: Cabrera Juan A. , Bataller Alex , Postigo Sergio , García Marcos 
Published: August 2024

摘要下颌前伸矫治器（MADs）是广泛使用的治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的方法。MADs通过前伸下颌来打开上气道。为了提高患者的舒适度，大多数患者可以张开嘴巴。然而，并非所有的装置在嘴巴张开时都能保持下颌向前的位置，这会导致产生有利于上气道塌陷的下颌后移。此外，下颌-装置组合构成的机制的运动行为取决于下颌形态。这意味着在嘴巴张开时，一些装置会导致部分患者下颌前突，而导致另一部分患者下颌后缩。本文报告了目前市场上已知装置的运动行为。为此，作者开发了一个下颌装置组合的运动学模型。该模型通过高分辨率摄像系统对所有分析的装置进行了验证。结果表明，本文分析的一些装置在患者嘴巴张开时并未产生正确的运动行为。
In the Wild Video Violence Detection: An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Approach
Authors: Ciampi Luca , Santiago Carlos , Falchi Fabrizio , Gennaro Claudio , Amato Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work addresses the challenge of video violence detection in data-scarce scenarios, focusing on bridging the domain gap that often hinders the performance of deep learning models when applied to unseen domains. We present a novel unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) scheme designed to effectively mitigate this gap by combining supervised learning in the train (source) domain with unlabeled test (target) data. We employ single-image classification and multiple instance learning (MIL) to select frames with the highest classification scores, and, upon this, we exploit UDA techniques to adapt the model to unlabeled target domains. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation, using general-context data as the source domain and target domain datasets collected in specific environments, such as violent/non-violent actions in hockey matches and public transport. The results demonstrate that our UDA pipeline substantially enhances model performances, improving their generalization capabilities in novel scenarios without requiring additional labeled data.
Discerning interrelationships among management accounting systems, organizational variables, and managerial performance
Authors: Pedroso Elsa , Gomes Carlos F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn today’s global market, information plays a determinant role in the competitiveness of business organizations. Information systems have become essential resources in daily management, strategy development, and implementation. In this context, management accounting systems (MAS) have undergone substantial changes to adapt to new technological and environmental realities and have become an increasingly valuable instrument to support managers’ decision-making processes. Nevertheless, managers may not effectively leverage the information provided by MAS to enhance the quality of their decisions and, consequently, their overall performance. Discrepancies in research outcomes suggest a potential oversight in analyzing other organizational variables through which MAS might impact managerial performance. Based on an extensive literature review, we identified a scarcity of recent research focusing on three variables that could potentially mediate the relationship between MAS and managerial performance. These variables are intricately linked to people-oriented aspects and include the accountants’ involvement in strategy formulation, implementation, and monitoring, user satisfaction with the information supplied by MAS, and the decentralization of decision-making processes. To address this gap, we used the finite mixture - partial least squares (FIMIX-PLS) to discern the interrelationships among the variables in the research model. The results highlight how the interaction between firm characteristics can enhance the use of MAS in managers’ decision support and consequently improve their performance. This research provides relevant theoretical contributions to the debate about different organizational environments and their influence on MAS effectiveness. It also offers managerial implications for business organizations that need to design, implement, and use management accounting systems.
Influence of crossing fault position and site soil on the mechanical properties of bellows joint connected buried pipelines under direct shear
Authors: Li Fang-fang , Lu Guoxing , Lv Yang , Zhang Xue-jie , Wang Guo-bo , Zhong Bo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBuried pipeline systems are vulnerable to joint damage in earthquakes. Previous studies have shown that bellows joints are effective in increasing deformation capacity and reducing the axial force of the main pipeline. However, the effectiveness of bellows joints in enhancing the deformation capacity of the pipelines is affected by the location of the crossing fault and the soil at the site. This paper constructs and validates a finite element model of a buried steel pipeline connected by a bellows joint using ABAQUS to investigate this issue. The effects of fault location, soil properties, and internal pressure on the bellows joint connected pipelines were analyzed using a finite element model. The results indicate that the bellows joints exhibit the best energy dissipation and deformation enhancement when the fault passes directly through the joints. Bellows joints in soft soil are better at dissipating energy, reducing pipe deformation, and mitigating pipe damage compared to those in hard soils. The internal pressure is helpful to increase the mechanical properties of the pipelines. The findings can provide some guidance for pipeline design and mitigation strategies for ensuring the reliability and safety of buried pipeline systems in earthquake-prone areas.
The Fremont Frontier: Living at the Margins of Maize Farming
Authors: Vernon Kenneth B. , Yaworsky Peter M. , McCool Weston , Spangler Jerry D. , Brewer Simon , Codding Brian F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Fremont provide an important case study to examine the resilience of ancient farmers to climatic downturns, because they lived at the far northern margin of intensive maize agriculture in the American West, where the constraints on maize production are made abundantly clear. Using a tree-ring and simulation-based reconstruction of average annual precipitation and maize growing degree days, along with cost-distance to perennial streams, we model spatial variability in Fremont site density in the eastern Great Basin. The results of our analysis have implications for defining the ecological envelope in which farming is a viable strategy across this arid region and can be used to predict where and why maize farming strategies might evolve and eventually collapse as climate changes over time.
Convergence of the height process of supercritical Galton–Watson forests with an application to the configuration model in the critical window
Authors: Donderwinkel Serte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe show joint convergence of the Łukasiewicz path and height process for slightly supercritical Galton–Watson forests. This shows that the height processes for supercritical continuous-state branching processes as constructed by Lambert (2002) are the limit under rescaling of their discrete counterparts. Unlike for (sub-)critical Galton–Watson forests, the height process does not encode the entire metric structure of a supercritical Galton–Watson forest. We demonstrate that this result is nonetheless useful, by applying it to the configuration model with an independent and identically distributed power-law degree sequence in the critical window, of which we obtain the metric space scaling limit in the product Gromov–Hausdorff–Prokhorov topology, which is of independent interest.
Generic framework for a coherent integration of experience and exposure rating in reinsurance
Authors: Bernegger Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a comprehensive framework that effectively combines experience rating and exposure rating approaches in reinsurance for both short-tail and long-tail businesses. The generic framework applies to all nonlife lines of business and products emphasizing nonproportional treaty business. The approach is based on three pillars that enable a coherent usage of all available information. The first pillar comprises an exposure-based generative model that emulates the generative process leading to the observed claims experience. The second pillar encompasses a standardized reduction procedure that maps each high-dimensional claim object to a few weakly coupled reduced random variables. The third pillar comprises calibrating the generative model with retrospective Bayesian inference. The derived calibration parameters are fed back into the generative model, and the reinsurance contracts covering future cover periods are rated by projecting the calibrated generative model to the cover period and applying the future contract terms.
Kin selection as a modulator of human handedness: sex-specific, parental and parent-of-origin effects
Authors: Dong Bing , Paracchini Silvia , Gardner Andy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The frequency of left-handedness in humans is ~10% worldwide and slightly higher in males than females. Twin and family studies estimate the heritability of human handedness at around 25%. The low but substantial frequency of left-handedness has been suggested to imply negative frequency-dependent selection, e.g. owing to a ‘surprise’ advantage of left-handers in combat against opponents more used to fighting right-handers. Because such game-theoretic hypotheses involve social interaction, here we perform an analysis of the evolution of handedness based on kin-selection, which is understood to play a major role in the evolution of social behaviour generally. We show that: (1) relatedness modulates the balance of right-handedness vs. left-handedness, according to whether left-handedness is marginally selfish vs. marginally altruistic; (2) sex differences in relatedness to social partners may drive sex differences in handedness; (3) differential relatedness of parents and offspring may generate parent–offspring conflict and sexual conflict leading to the evolution of maternal and paternal genetic effects in relation to handedness; and (4) differential relatedness of maternal-origin vs. paternal-origin genes may generate intragenomic conflict leading to the evolution of parent-of-origin-specific gene effects – such as ‘genomic imprinting’ – and associated maladaptation.
Inequality and education in Australia
Authors: Morris Alan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAustralia’s education system is one of the most developed globally and also one of the most privatised. Despite the substantial expenditure by state governments and the federal government, it is profoundly unequal with respect to access, funding, resources, and results from early childhood education to university. The inequality has class and spatial features, and Indigenous Australians are at the bottom of the rung. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural, social, and economic capital, I show that the education system, whilst certainly allowing for some mobility, facilitates the reproduction of the existing class structure. Children from low-income households are more likely to not attend childcare, to attend a school that lacks resources and where going on to university is viewed as exceptional rather than the rule. In contrast, the economic capital of wealthier households allows them to access childcare and elite private schools. The cultural and social capital of these schools reproduces a born to rule ethos, and progression to an elite university is an assumed path.
Efficient dual-stage all-solid-state post-compression for 100 W level ultrafast lasers
Authors: Gao Zichen , Guo Jie , Gao Yongxi , Huang Yuguang , Tu Zhihua , Liang Xiaoyan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate efficient and economical all-solid-state post-compression based on dual-stage periodically placed thin fused silica plates driven by a more than 100 W ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet Innoslab amplifier seeded by a fiber frontend. Not only is a more than eight-fold pulse compression with 94% transmission achieved, but also the pulse quality and spatial mode are improved, which can be attributed to the compensation for the residual high-order dispersion and the spatial mode self-cleaning effect during the nonlinear process. It enables a high-power ultrafast laser source with 64 fs pulse duration, 96 W average power at 175 kHz repetition rates and good spatiotemporal quality. These results highlight that this all-solid-state post-compression can overcome the bandwidth limitation of Yb-based lasers with exceptional efficiency and mitigate the spatiotemporal degradation originating from the Innoslab amplifier and fiber frontend, which provides an efficient and economical complement for the Innoslab laser system and facilitates this robust and compact combination as a promising scheme for high-quality higher-power few-cycle laser generation.
CDC consultations related to ophthalmic practices and settings, January 2016–December 2023
Authors: Spicer Kevin B. , Perz Joseph F. , Perkins Kiran M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsultations with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion revealed patient harms associated with ophthalmic care. Adherence to core infection prevention and control principles, tailored guidance for ophthalmic settings, and compliance with manufacturing and compounding standards could decrease adverse events and patient exposures to contaminated products.
Building a Turkish UCCA dataset
Authors: Bölücü Necva , Can Burcu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSemantic representation is the task of conveying the meaning of a natural language utterance by converting it to a logical form that can be processed and understood by machines. It is utilised by many applications in natural language processing (NLP), particularly in tasks relevant to natural language understanding (NLU). Due to the widespread use of semantic parsing in NLP, many semantic representation schemes with different forms have been proposed; Universal Conceptual Cognitive Annotation (UCCA) is one of them. UCCA is a cross-lingual semantic annotation framework that allows easy annotation without requiring substantial linguistic knowledge. UCCA-annotated datasets have been released so far for English, French, German, Russian, and Hebrew. In this paper, we present a UCCA-annotated Turkish dataset of 400 sentences that are obtained from the METU-Sabanci Turkish Treebank. We provide the UCCA annotation specifications defined for the Turkish language so that it can be extended further. We followed a semi-automatic annotation approach, where an external semantic parser is utilised for the initial annotation of the dataset, which is manually revised by two annotators. We used the same semantic parser model to evaluate the dataset with zero-shot and few-shot learning, demonstrating that even a small sample set from the target language in the training data has a notable impact on the performance of the parser (15.6% and 2.5% gain over zero-shot for labelled and unlabelled results, respectively).
The Search for Legitimacy over Yugoslavia: Rudolf Bićanić and the Power of Gold
Authors: Albrecht Nicole 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While historical narratives of the communist legitimation of power in Yugoslavia have often marginalized perspectives of lesser-known civil servants, this study highlights the crucial role of Dr. Rudolf Bićanić, a renowned Yugoslav economist. Departing from the diplomatic, foreign political, and military perspectives when investigating the Yugoslav émigré government actions, this article explores the ideas espoused, networks created, and actions performed by Bićanić across diverse transnational settings. Bićanić’s lens as a vice-governor of the Yugoslav National Bank demonstrates that the debates regarding the future social and economic policies shaped the transition process between the two Yugoslav states. Driven by a mission to enhance peasant living conditions in Yugoslavia, Bićanić embarked on a brief yet impactful governmental career from 1941 to 1945. The article posits that Bićanić’s anti-government propaganda disseminated through the United Committee of South Slavs and his financial malversations led to the transfer of economic and political legitimacy over Yugoslavia in April 1944 to the National Liberation Council. With this action, Bićanić accelerated the signing of the Tito-Šubašić agreement in June 1944, which empowered him to negotiate the post-war reconstruction aid and loans in Washington, DC, carving a unique path for Yugoslavia between socialism and capitalism.
ENUMERATION OF GROUPS IN SOME SPECIAL VARIETIES OF A-GROUPS
Authors: ARUSHI  , VENKATARAMAN GEETHA 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe find an upper bound for the number of groups of order n up to isomorphism in the variety
${\mathfrak {S}}={\mathfrak {A}_p}{\mathfrak {A}_q}{\mathfrak {A}_r}$
, where p, q and r are distinct primes. We also find a bound on the orders and on the number of conjugacy classes of subgroups that are maximal amongst the subgroups of the general linear group that are also in the variety
$\mathfrak {A}_q\mathfrak {A}_r$
.
Partial Aggregation for Prioritarians
Authors: Nojoumian Makan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrioritarianism is a family of views comparing distributions of well-being. What unites prioritarians is the thought that when deciding whether a distribution is overall better than another, the worse off have priority. There are different ways of making this idea more precise. However, some of these views have extreme aggregative implications and others have extreme anti-aggregative implications. This raises the question: can prioritarians accommodate partial aggregation (aggregating in some but not all cases) and avoid both extremes? In this paper, I explore and focus on a neglected anti-aggregation condition. I identify a family of views I call ‘bounded prioritarianism’ that meet this condition by placing an upper bound on the moral significance of benefits. I argue that anyone sympathetic to partial aggregation ought to opt for a version of bounded prioritarianism.
Developmental psychopathology turns 50: Applying core principles to longitudinal investigation of ADHD in girls and efforts to reduce stigma and discrimination
Authors: Hinshaw Stephen P. , Porter Patricia A. , Ahmad Shaikh I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe seminal contributions of Dante Cicchetti to the field/paradigm/metaparadigm of developmental psychopathology (DP) – and its continuing ascendance as a guiding force for multidisciplinary investigation of normative and atypical development – are legion. Our aim is to illustrate a number of DP’s core principles in the context of (a) prospective longitudinal research on children (particularly girls) with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and (b) theoretical and empirical work dedicated to alleviating the stigma and discrimination toward those experiencing mental health, substance use, and neurodevelopmental challenges. We feature (i) the mutual interplay of perspectives on normative and non-normative development, (ii) reciprocal and transactional processes, and the constructs of equifinaliy and multifinality; (iii) continuities and discontinuities in developmental processes and outcomes, with particular focus on heterotypic continuity; (iv) the inseparability of heritable and environmental risk; (v) multiple levels of analysis, and (vi) the benefits of qualitative perspectives. We highlight that interventions promoting recovery, along with the multi-level facilitation of protective factors/strengths, lie at the heart of both DP and anti-stigma efforts. The ongoing youth mental-health crisis provides a sobering counterpoint to the gains of the DP enterprise over the past half century.