bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in Different Periods of Life, Sedentary Behavior, and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Xiao Qian , Yang Hannah P. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Hollenbeck Albert , Matthews Charles E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground: Physical activity and sedentary behavior may influence ovarian cancer risk, but clear evidence is lacking.Methods: We prospectively investigated the relations of self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior to ovarian cancer incidence in a cohort of 148,892 U.S. women ages 50–71 years at baseline (1995–1996), who were followed through 2006. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We also conducted analysis by hormone use, body mass index (BMI), and cancer subtype.Results: We identified 753 incident epithelial ovarian cancers. Overall, neither physical activity nor sedentary behavior at baseline was associated with ovarian cancer risk. Compared with women who never or rarely engaged in vigorous physical activity in the past year, women who reported more than 5 times/week of vigorous physical activity had an RR of 1.05 (95% CI, 0.84–1.32). Women who sat 7+ hours/day had an RR of 1.05 (95% CI, 0.80–1.37) compared with those reporting &lt;3 hours of sitting. The associations were not modified by hormone use or BMI and were similar for both serous and non-serous subtypes.Conclusions: Physical activity and sedentary behavior in middle and older ages were not associated with ovarian cancer risk.Impact: We found no clear support for a role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in ovarian cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(11); 2000–8. ©2013 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Estrogen Pathway in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Barzi Afsaneh , Lenz Annika Medea , Labonte Melissa J. , Lenz Heinz-Josef 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer has a higher incidence rate in men than in women, suggesting a protective role for sex hormones in the development of the disease. Preclinical data support a role for estrogen and its receptors in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer and establishes that protective effects of estrogen are exerted through ERβ. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women as well as consumption of soy reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer. In the Women's Health Initiative trial, use of HRT in postmenopausal women reduced the risk of colon cancer by 56% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38–0.81; P = 0.003]. A recent meta-analysis showed that in women, consumption of soy reduced the risk of colon cancer by 21% (95% CI, 0.03–0.35; P = 0.026). In this review, using the preclinical data, we translate the findings in the clinical trials and observational studies to define the role of estrogen in the prevention of colorectal cancer. We hypothesize that sometime during the tumorigenesis process ERβ expression in colonocytes is lost and the estrogen ligand, HRT, or soy products, exerts its effects through preventing this loss. Thus, in the adenoma-to-carcinoma continuum, timing of HRT is a significant determinant of the observed benefit from this intervention. We further argue that the protective effects of estrogen are limited to certain molecular subtypes. Successful development of estrogen modulators for prevention of colorectal cancer depends on identification of susceptible colorectal cancer population(s). Thus, research to better understand the estrogen pathway is fundamental for clinical delivery of these agents. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5842–8. ©2013 AACR.
Promoter CpG Island Methylation of Genes in Key Cancer Pathways Associates with Clinical Outcome in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Dai Wei , Zeller Constanze , Masrour Nahal , Siddiqui Nadeem , Paul James , Brown Robert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurpose: We aimed to identify DNA methylation biomarkers of progression-free survival (PFS) to platinum-based chemotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) within biologically relevant ovarian cancer-associated pathways.Experimental Design: Association with PFS of CpG island (CGI) promoter DNA methylation at genes in the pathways Akt/mTOR, p53, redox, and homologous recombination DNA repair was sought with PFS as the primary objective in a prospectively collected ovarian cancer cohort (n = 150). Significant loci were validated for associations between PFS, methylation, and gene expression in an independent The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data set of HGSOC (n = 311).Results: DNA methylation at 29 CGI loci linked to 28 genes was significantly associated with PFS, independent from conventional clinical prognostic factors (adjusted P &lt; 0.05). Of 17 out of the 28 genes represented in the TCGA data set, methylation of VEGFB, VEGFA, HDAC11, FANCA, E2F1, GPX4, PRDX2, RAD54L, and RECQL4 was prognostic in this independent patient cohort (one-sided P &lt; 0.05, false discovery rate &lt; 10%). A multivariate Cox model was constructed, with clinical parameters (age, stage, grade, and histologic type) and significant loci. The final model included NKD1, VEGFB, and PRDX2 as the three best predictors of PFS (P = 6.62 × 10−6, permutation test P &lt; 0.05). Focussing only on known VEGFs in the TCGA cohort showed that methylation at promoters of VEGFA, VEGFB, and VEGFC was significantly associated with PFS.Conclusions: A three loci model of DNA methylation could identify two distinct prognostic groups of patients with ovarian cancer (PFS: HR = 2.29, P = 3.34 × 10−5; overall survival: HR = 1.87, P = 0.007) and patients more likely to have poor response to chemotherapy (OR = 3.45, P = 0.012). Clin Cancer Res; 19(20); 5788–97. ©2013 AACR.
The liver and the kidney: two critical organs influencing the atherothrombotic risk in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Carbone Federico , Mach François , Pontremoli Roberto , Viazzi Francesca , Montecucco Fabrizio 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe increased atherothrombotic risk in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been classically explained by the multiplicative effect of systemic concomitant pro-atherosclerotic factors. In particular, centripetal obesity, dyslipidaemia, glucose intolerance, hypertension (differently combined in the diagnosis of the disease) would be expected to act as classical cardiovascular risk conditions underlying accelerated atherogenesis. In order to better understand specific atherosclerotic pathophysiology in MetS, emerging evidence focused on the alterations in different organs that could serve as both pathophysiological targets and active players in the disease. Abnormalities in adipose tissue, heart and arteries have been widely investigated in a variety of basic research and clinical studies in MetS. In this narrative review, we focus on pathophysiological activities of the liver and kidney. Considering its key role in metabolism and production of soluble inflammatory mediators (such as C-reactive protein [CRP]), the liver in MetS has been shown to be altered both in its structure and function. In particular, a relevant amount of the fat accumulated within this organ has been shown to be associated with different degrees of inflammation and potential insulin resistance. In humans, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been described as the hepatic manifestation of MetS. In an analogous manner, epidemiological evidence strongly suggested a “guilty“ association between MetS and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some biomarkers of hepatic (such as C-reactive protein, TNF-alpha or other cytokines) and renal diseases (such as uric acid) associated with MetS might be particularly useful to better manage and prevent the atherothrombotic risk.
Relationship Between Seizure Episode and Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Stecker Eric C. , Reinier Kyndaron , Uy-Evanado Audrey , Teodorescu Carmen , Chugh Harpriya , Gunson Karen , Jui Jonathan , Chugh Sumeet S. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
Among patients with epilepsy, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a major cause of death. It is commonly thought that SCA in epilepsy occurs after a seizure, though the strength of evidence supporting this is limited. We sought to evaluate the relationship between seizures and SCA in patients with epilepsy.

Methods and Results—

From the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study, cases of SCA identified using prospective, multisource ascertainment (Portland metropolitan area, Oregon; population ≈1 million; February 1, 2002, to March 1, 2012) were evaluated for history of epilepsy. In the subset with witnessed SCA, clinical presentations were analyzed for evidence of seizure activity immediately before the event as well as lifetime clinical history, including nature of seizures before SCA. Only 34% of patients with history of epilepsy and a witnessed arrest had evidence of seizure activity before the arrest. Rates of survival to hospital discharge after attempted resuscitation were 2.7% in patients with history of epilepsy versus 11.9% for patients without epilepsy (
P
=0.014). Patients with epilepsy had a significantly lower rate of presentation with ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation as opposed to pulseless electrical activity/asystole (epilepsy, 26%; no epilepsy, 44%;
P
=0.002), despite nearly identical response times.

Conclusions—
In the majority (66%) of epilepsy patients, there was no relationship between seizure and SCA, implying that SCA in epilepsy patients often may not involve seizure as a trigger. The significantly worse rate of survival from SCA in epilepsy patients warrants urgent investigation.
Levels and Changes of HDL Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A-I in Relation to Risk of Cardiovascular Events Among Statin-Treated Patients
Authors: Boekholdt S. Matthijs , Arsenault Benoit J. , Hovingh G. Kees , Mora Samia , Pedersen Terje R. , LaRosa John C. , Welch K.M.A. , Amarenco Pierre , DeMicco David A. , Tonkin Andrew M. , Sullivan David R. , Kirby Adrienne , Colhoun Helen M. , Hitman Graham A. , Betteridge D. John , Durrington Paul N. , Clearfield Michael B. , Downs John R. , Gotto Antonio M. , Ridker Paul M. , Kastelein John J.P. 
Published: August 2013

Background—
It is unclear whether levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) remain inversely associated with cardiovascular risk among patients who achieve very low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on statin therapy. It is also unknown whether a rise in HDL-C or apoA-I after initiation of statin therapy is associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk.

Methods and Results—
We performed a meta-analysis of 8 statin trials in which lipids and apolipoproteins were determined in all study participants at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Individual patient data were obtained for 38 153 trial participants allocated to statin therapy, of whom 5387 suffered a major cardiovascular event. HDL-C levels were associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.81–0.86 per 1 standard deviation increment), as were apoA-I levels (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72–0.82). This association was also observed among patients achieving on-statin low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels <50 mg/dL. An increase of HDL-C was not associated with reduced cardiovascular risk (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94–1.01 per 1 standard deviation increment), whereas a rise in apoA-I was (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90–0.97).

Conclusions—
Among patients treated with statin therapy, HDL-C and apoA-I levels were strongly associated with a reduced cardiovascular risk, even among those achieving very low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. An apoA-I increase was associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events, whereas for HDL-C this was not the case. These findings suggest that therapies that increase apoA-I concentration require further exploration with regard to cardiovascular risk reduction.
Introducing Greek Conversation Analysis
Authors: Terkourafi Marina , Hadjidemetriou Chryso , Vasilopoulou Alexandra 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough conversation analysis (CA) has been widely employed in different languages, its application to Greek talk-in-interaction is still quite limited. For this reason, in our introduction we summarise briefly the foundations of CA and present international and Greek CA bibliography on different areas of analysis in a manner that will be accessible to conversation analysts of various interests but also to researchers who are new to the field. We begin by outlining the foundations of CA and then offer a brief background to its development and its relationship to other disciplines. The empirical basis of CA is stressed by focussing on the process of collecting and transcribing data for CA and the method and units of analysis. We also give background information on the main CA areas of analysis (grammar-and-interaction, prosody, narrative analysis, institutional interaction, feminist CA, membership categorisation analysis, multimodal interaction). Finally, we present a brief overview of past studies of Greek talk-in-interaction and conclude with a summary of the articles of the Special Issue. By placing the emphasis on the fine-grained, turn-by-turn analysis, its ethnomethodological underpinnings and the understanding of social action, our aim is to set the tone for this Special Issue and to encourage future study of Greek conversational data and cross-cultural comparisons.
Tunes in Free Variation and Sequentially Determined Pitch Alignment: Evidence from Interactional Organisation
Authors: Kaimaki Marianna 
Published: August 2013

AbstractResults arising from a study of the prosodic organisation of everyday talk in Greek suggest that 'falling' and 'rising' tunes might occur in free variation in certain interactional contexts. They also show that, at least for Greek, pitch alignment of rising tunes might be interactionally driven. I explore these possibilities by examining the organisation of two interactional sequences: a) response-to-summons turns (i.e. the first utterance by the recipient of a call) at the openings of Greek telephone calls, b) sequences involving the Greek continuer ne. Analysis of the first data set of response-to-summons turns suggests that the choice of falling or rising tune does not appear to have consequences for the design or subsequent development of the talk. Nor is there evidence in the interactional behaviour of the participants that the choice conveys a difference in pragmatic nuance. Analysis of the second data set shows that pitch alignment of rising tunes might be dependent on the interactional function and/or lexical design of the turn they occur in. I argue that choice of tune-type in this interactional context is related to particular lexical selections and that pitch alignment is related to interactional structure and composition of the turn.
Aspects of Advice Giving and Advice Receiving in Television Talk Shows
Authors: Poulios Apostolos 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdvice giving sequences are often the result of troubles telling sequences in both ordinary conversation and institutional interaction: it is often the case that a troubles teller is offered advice by interlocutors which he/she tends to reject because the interactional rights of a troubles teller are valued and troubles tellers are reluctant to abandon them. This paper analyses advice giving that takes place during Greek reality-television talk shows in which people participate to talk about their troubles and possibly find a solution to the problems they face. Advice is offered by the host/hostess of these shows and/or a professional expert. I explore the ways in which advice is either accepted or rejected during the shows by the guests. The analysis indicates that the guests accept advice that affiliates with their troubles and tend to resist advice that is hearable as criticism of their actions and perspectives. In addition, advice recipients often resort to troubles talk as seeking affiliation with their troubles seems to be more important for them in the talk-show context.
Standard Modern and Pontic Greek Person Restrictions: A Feature-Free Dynamic Account
Authors: Chatzikyriakidis Stergios , Kempson Ruth 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, using new evidence from Pontic Greek (PG) in addition to Standard Modern Greek, we argue that the Person Case Constraint (PCC), generally presumed to be an irreducible morphosyntactic constraint on clitic pronoun combinations and argued by several to provide evidence of feature-driven syntactic operations, is a direct consequence of processing considerations, these new data being inexplicable under any of the current feature-driven analyses (Anagnostopoulou 2003, 2005; Béjar & Rezac 2003; Bianchi 2006; Adger & Harbour 2007; Nevins 2007; Pescarini 2010 among others). Adopting the Dynamic Syntax (DS) perspective of Cann et al. (2005), in which syntax is defined as the monotonic incremental growth of semantic structure, with structural underspecification and update as the core syntactic notion, we argue that the PCC is wholly due to restrictions on tree-growth imposed by the logic of finite trees: that these should underpin observed gaps in possible clitic combinations is due to clitics being calcified reflexes of previously available tree-growth update-sequences whose variability is the source of word order variation. More specifically, we argue that PCC effects, including the problematic PG data, are the consequence of a tree-logic restriction that only one unfixed node can be present in a tree at any stage in the tree growth process. PG, a dialect in which no 3rd person clitic clusters are allowed, provides strong evidence for such a feature-free account. Contrary to current feature-based analyses, which would preclude such data, the analysis presented here is shown to directly predict the Pontic Greek data, thus pointing towards a feature-free account of the PCC.
Phylogenetic Methods in Historical Linguistics: Greek as a Case Study
Authors: Mooers Arne O. , Pappas Panayiotis A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe review and assess the different ways in which research in evolutionary-theory-inspired biology has influenced research in historical linguistics, and then focus on an evolutionary-theory inspired claim for language change made by Pagel et al. (2007). They report that the more Swadesh-list lexemes are used, the less likely they are to change across 87 Indo-European languages, and posit that frequency-of-use of a lexical item is a separate and general mechanism of language change. We test a corollary of this conclusion, namely that current frequency-of-use should predict the amount of change within individual languages through time. We devise a scale of lexical change that recognizes sound change, analogical change and lexical replacement and apply it to cognate pairs on the Swadesh list between Homeric and Modern Greek. Current frequency-of-use only weakly predicts the amount of change within the history of Greek, but amount of change does predict the number of forms across Indo-European. Given that current frequency-of-use and past frequency-of-use may be only weakly correlated for many Swadesh-list lexemes, and given previous research that shows that frequency-of-use can both hinder and facilitate lexical change, we conclude that it is premature to claim that a new mechanism of language change has been discovered. However, we call for more in-depth comparative study of general mechanisms of language change, including further tests of the frequency-of-use hypothesis.
Clause Intertwining and Word Order in Ancient Greek
Authors: Allan Rutger J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn Ancient Greek complex sentences consisting of a main and complement clause, constituents which semantically and syntactically belong to the complement clause can be placed in a position preceding or interrupting the main clause. This phenomenon is referred to as clause or sentence intertwining. This paper examines the pragmatic factors involved in the preposing of contituents in sentences containing an in initival complement clause. It will be argued that the specific pragmatic function of the preposed constituents is Theme (left dislocation), new/contrastive topic or narrow focus. Preposing can be analyzed as a device to pragmatically highlight the involved constituents. The paper also addresses the position of new, contrastive and given topics and of adverbs and clauses with Setting function.
„Authentizität“ in der Leben-Mohammed-Forschung
Authors: Nagel Tilman 
Published: August 2013

Abstrakt/Resümee
Mit „Isnad-cum-matn-Analyse“ bezeichnet man ein formalistisches Verfahren, durch das man in den Quellen zur sīra das „authentische Material“ identifizieren könne. Sobald dieses Verfahren auf einen hinreichend großen Teil der Quellen angewendet sein werde, werde eine Biographie Mohammeds entstehen, die seiner Person gerecht werde. Nagel zeigt, warum sich diese Hoffnung nicht erfüllen kann. Der Islam hat zwischen der Berufung Mohammeds zum Gesandten Allahs und dem Ende des 7. Jahrhundert – der Entstehungszeit des Ḥadīt̠ – eine rasante Entwicklung seiner religiösen Erscheinungsformen durchlaufen. Der Schlüssel zum historischen Mohammed liegt im Verständnis dieser in den Quellen gut dokumentierten Entwicklung. Von diesem Verständnis her wird es möglich, den Inhalt des Mohammedglaubens des frühen Islam von der historischen Person zu unterscheiden.
La notice « ṣifat sadd Yāgūg wa-Māgūg » dans le Kitāb al-Masālik wa-l-mamālik d’Ibn Ḫurdād̠bih : une feintise réussie
Authors: Garnier Sébastien 
Published: August 2013

Résumé
Et si Sallām n’avait jamais existé que dans l’imagination toute fabulatrice d’Ibn Ḫurdād̠bih qui aurait alors recouru à cette forgerie en vue de doter son Routier d’une entrée, en bonne et due forme, sur la barrière prétendument bâtie par le Bicornu face aux peuples de Gog et Magog ? La présente contribution a pour objectif de tester cette proposition pour conclure que ce ḫabar purement littéraire allait s’imposer en quelques décennies comme un discours de vérité.
A Bayesian Framework for Probabilistic Seasonal Drought Forecasting
Authors: Madadgar Shahrbanou , Moradkhani Hamid 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Seasonal drought forecasting is presented within a multivariate probabilistic framework. The standardized streamflow index (SSI) is used to characterize hydrologic droughts with different severities across the Gunnison River basin in the upper Colorado River basin. Since streamflow, and subsequently hydrologic droughts, are autocorrelated variables in time, this study presents a multivariate probabilistic approach using copula functions to perform drought forecasting within a Bayesian framework. The spring flow (April–June) is considered as the forecast variable and found to have the highest correlations with the previous winter (January–March) and fall (October–December). Incorporating copula functions into the Bayesian framework, two different forecast models are established to estimate the hydrologic drought of spring given either the previous winter (first-order conditional model) or previous winter and fall (second-order conditional model). Conditional probability density functions (PDFs) and cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) are generated to characterize the significant probabilistic features of spring droughts. According to forecasts, the spring drought is more sensitive to the winter status than the fall status, which approves the results of prior correlation analysis. The 90% predictive bound of the spring-flow forecast indicates the efficiency of the proposed model in estimating the spring droughts. The proposed model is compared with the conventional forecast model, the ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP), and it is found that their forecasts are generally in agreement with each other. However, the forecast uncertainty of the new method is more reliable than the ESP method. The new probabilistic forecast model can provide insights to water resources managers and stakeholders to facilitate the decision making and developing drought mitigation plans.