bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics Drive Post‐2016 Changes in the Antarctic Sea Ice Seasonal Cycle
Authors: Himmich Kenza , Vancoppenolle Martin , Stammerjohn Sharon , Bocquet Marion , Madec Gurvan , Sallée Jean‐Baptiste , Fleury Sara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntarctic sea ice extent has been persistently low since late 2016, possibly owing to changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. However, the relative contributions of the ocean, the atmosphere and the underlying mechanisms by which they have affected sea ice remain uncertain. To investigate possible causes for this sea‐ice decrease, we establish a seasonal timeline of sea ice changes following 2016, using remote sensing observations. Anomalies in the timing of sea ice retreat and advance are examined along with their spatial and interannual relations with various indicators of seasonal sea ice and oceanic changes. They include anomalies in winter ice thickness, spring ice removal rate due to ice melt and transport, and summer sea surface temperature. We find that the ice season has shortened at an unprecedented rate and magnitude, due to earlier retreat and later advance. We attribute this shortening to a winter ice thinning, in line with ice‐albedo feedback processes, with ice transport playing a smaller role. Reduced ice thickness has accelerated spring ice area removal as thinner sea ice requires less time to melt. The consequent earlier sea ice retreat has in turn increased ocean solar heat uptake in summer, ultimately delaying sea ice advance. We speculate that the observed winter sea ice thinning is consistent with previous evidence of subsurface warming of the Southern Ocean.
Linking Future Precipitation Changes to Weather Features in CESM2‐LE
Authors: Konstali Kjersti , Spengler Thomas , Spensberger Clemens , Sorteberg Asgeir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWeather features, such as extratropical cyclones, atmospheric rivers (ARs), and fronts, contribute to substantial amounts of precipitation globally and are associated with different precipitation characteristics. However, future changes in these characteristics, as well as their representation in climate models, remain uncertain. We attribute 6‐hourly accumulated precipitation to cyclones, moisture transport axes (AR‐like features), fronts, and cold air outbreaks, and the combinations thereof in 10 ensemble members of the CESM2‐LE between 1960 and 2100 under the SSP3‐7.0 scenario. We find that, despite some biases in both precipitation and weather features, CESM2‐LE adeptly represents the precipitation characteristics associated with the different combinations of weather features. The combinations of weather features that contribute most to precipitation in the present climate also contribute the most to future changes, both due to changes in intensity as well as frequency. While the increase in precipitation intensity dominates the overall response for total precipitation in the storm track regions, the precipitation intensity for the individual weather features does not necessarily change significantly. Instead, approximately half of the increase in precipitation intensity in the storm track regions can be attributed to a higher occurrence of the more intensely precipitating combinations of weather features, such as the co‐occurrence of extratropical cyclones, fronts, and moisture transport axes.
Physicochemical Characterization of Religious Burning Aerosols in Lhasa on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Xia Kaihui , Liu Cheng‐Cheng , Mei Sheng‐Shi , Bai Zhixuan , Bian Jianchun , Yu Pengfei , Zhao Chun , Liu Shang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReligious burning (RB) has been identified as a major source of atmospheric aerosols on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. However, there is limited understanding of the detailed chemical composition, size distribution, and optical properties of RB aerosols in this region. To characterize these important aerosol properties, ambient PM2.5 and size resolved aerosols from RB emissions in Lhasa were collected during summer 2019. Organic functional group (OFG) and inorganic ion composition was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography, respectively. The ambient PM2.5 was dominated by organic components, with the OFG concentrations significantly higher during religious events, reflecting the substantial impact of RB emissions on local air quality. The RB aerosols were characterized by high fractions of alkane (34%), hydroxyl (29%), and carboxylic acid (13%) groups, with peak mass in the accumulation mode (0.56–1.00 μm). The high abundance of hydroxyl group and the size distribution pattern suggested that the RB aerosols were formed from volatilization of fuel materials followed by unaltered condensation, a process that may be unique to the low‐temperature, low‐oxygen burning in the scattered burners at the temples. The absorption coefficient of RB aerosols showed similar size distribution to the mass size distribution, but the absorption Ångström exponent displayed the lowest value in the 0.56–1.00 μm size mode. This specific size distribution aligned with the mass fraction of carboxylic acids and mirrored the mass proportion of alkanes, suggesting that smaller and larger particles were enriched with substances that have higher light‐absorbing capabilities.
Predicting Geostationary (GOES) 4.1–30 keV Electron Flux Over All MLT Using LEEMYR Regression Models
Authors: Simms L. E. , Ganushkina N. Y. , van de Kamp M. , Liemohn M. W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRegression models (LEEMYR: Low Energy Electron MLT geosYnchronous orbit Regression) predict hourly 4.1–30 keV electron flux at geostationary orbit (GOES‐16) using solar wind, IMF, and geomagnetic index parameters. Multiplicative interaction and polynomial terms describe synergistic and nonlinear effects. We reduce predictors to an optimal set using stepwise regression, resulting in models with validation comparable to a neural network. Models predict 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hr into the future. Validation correlations are as high as 0.78 (4.1 and 11 keV, 1 hr prediction) and Heidke Skill scores (HSS) up to 0.66. A 3 hr ahead prediction is more practical, with slightly lower validation correlation (0.75) and HSS (0.61). The addition of location (MLT: magnetic local time) as a covariate, including multiplicative interaction terms, accounts for location‐dependent flux differences and variation of parameter influence, and allows prediction over the full orbit. Adding a substorm index (SME) provides minimal increase in validation correlation (0.81) showing that other parameters are good proxies for an unavailable real time substorm index. Prediction intervals on individual values provide more accurate assessments of model quality than confidence intervals on the mean values. An inverse N‐weighted least squares approach is impractical as it increases false positive warnings. Physical interpretations are not possible as spurious correlations due to common cycles are not removed. However, SME, Bz, Kp, and Dst are the highest correlates of electron flux, with solar wind velocity, density, and pressure, and IMF magnitude being less well correlated.
The effect of different functional appliances on the sagittal pharyngeal airway dimension in skeletal class II: a retrospective study
Authors: Elfouly Dina , Dumu Emmanuel , Madian Ahmed M. , Eid Farah Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the changes in the sagittal pharyngeal airway dimension (SPAD) in adolescents with Class II mandibular retrusion treated with Invisalign Mandibular Advancement (IMA), prefabricated Myobrace (MB), and Twin block (TB). For this retrospective study, the pre-treatment and post-treatment lateral cephalograms of 60 patients who underwent myofunctional treatment, using either one of the tested appliances were gathered from the files of treated patients. Changes in the SPAD were measured in each group, and comparisons were carried out between the three study groups. Additionally, sagittal skeletal measurements were carried out. Comparisons of the study variables at T0 and T1 between the three groups were performed using one-way ANOVA, while comparisons of the difference (T1–T0) were performed using Kruskal Wallis test. A significant SPAD increase has been reported using the three tested appliances (p < 0.05), with the least change documented with MB use (p < 0.05). Significant antero-posterior improvements have been found with IMA, MB, and TB with an increase in the SNB°, and a decrease in ANB° and Wits appraisal (p < 0.05). Non-significant FMA° changes have been observed post-treatment in the three test groups (p > 0.05). The IMA, MB, and TB generated significant SPAD and sagittal changes, with both IMA and TB surpassing MB in the airway area improvement post-treatment. Moreover, the three tested Class II functional appliances did not affect the vertical dimension.
A novel partnership between lncTCF7 and SND1 regulates the expression of the TCF7 gene via recruitment of the SWI/SNF complex
Authors: Yankey Allison , Oh Mihyun , Lee Bo Lim , Desai Tisha Kalpesh , Somarowthu Srinivas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in cellular pathways and disease progression, yet their molecular mechanisms remain largely understudied. The lncRNA lncTCF7 has been shown to promote tumor progression by recruiting the SWI/SNF complex to the TCF7 promoter, activating its expression and the WNT signaling pathway. However, how lncTCF7 recruits SWI/SNF remains to be determined, and lncTCF7-specific binding partners are unknown. Using RNA-pulldown and quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified a novel interacting protein partner for lncTCF7, SND1, a multifunctional RNA binding protein that can also function as a transcription co-activator. Knockdown analysis of lncTCF7 and SND1 reveals that they are both required for the expression of TCF7. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that both SND1 and lncTCF7 are required for recruiting the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, and these functions, in tandem, activate the expression of TCF7. Finally, using structural probing and RNA-pulldown of lncTCF7 and its subdomains, we highlight the potential binding region for SND1 in the 3’-end of lncTCF7. Overall, this study highlights the critical roles lncRNAs play in regulating gene expression and provides new insights into the complex network of interactions that underlie this process.
BNPLA: borated plastic for 3D-printing of thermal and cold neutron shielding
Authors: Sebold Simon R. , Neuwirth Tobias , Tengattini Alessandro , Cubitt Robert , Gilch Ines , Mühlbauer Sebastian , Schulz Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract3D printing technologies such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) offer great opportunities to enable the fabrication of complex geometries without access to a workshop or knowledge of machining. By adding filler materials to the raw filaments used for FFF, the material properties of the plastic can be adapted. With the addition of neutron absorbing particles, filaments can be created that enable 3D printing of neutron shielding with arbitrary geometry. Two materials for FFF are presented with different mixing ratios of hexagonal Boron nitride (h-BN) and Polylactic acid (PLA). BNPLA25 with 25 %wt h-BN and BNPLA35 with 35 %wt h-BN are compared to the commercially available Addbor N25 material. To qualify the applicability of BNPLA25 and BNPLA35 as shielding material for neutron instrumentation, such as neutron imaging, we investigated the overall neutron attenuation, the influence of non-optimized print settings, as well as characterized the incoherent neutron scattering and the microstructure using neutron imaging, and time-of-flight small-angle-neutron-scattering. Finally, the tensile strength of the material was determined in standardized tensile tests. The measured neutron attenuation shows excellent agreement with analytical calculations, thus validating both the material composition and the calculation method. Approximately 6 mm (8 mm) BNPLA35 are needed for $$1\times 10^{-3}$$

1
×

10

-
3

transmission of a cold (thermal) neutron beam. Lack of extrusion due to suboptimal print settings can be compensated by increased thickness, clearly visible defects can be mitigated by 11–18% increase in thickness. Incoherent scattering is shown to be strongly reduced compared to pure PLA. The tensile strength of the material is shown not to be impacted by the h-BN filler. The good agreement between the measured attenuation and calculation, combined with the adoption of safety factor enables the quick and easy development as well as the performance estimation of shielding components. BNPLA is uniquely suited for 3D printing neutron shielding because of the combination of non-abrasive h-BN particles in standard PLA, which results in a filament that can be printed with almost any off-the-shelf printer and virtually no prior experience in 3D printing. This mitigates the slightly lower attenuation observed as compared to filaments containing $${\hbox {B}_{4}}\hbox {C}$$

B
4

C

, which is highly abrasive and requires extensive additive manufacturing experience.
Insights into Hip pain using Hip X-ray: Epidemiological study of 8,898,044 Koreans
Authors: Kim Taewook , Kim Yoonhee , Cho Woosup 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHip pain is a prevalent degenerative joint symptoms, imposing a significant global health burden. Hip pain is experiencing an increase in incidences in Korea due to its aging society, and the social burden of hip pain continues to rise as the hip joint is crucial for gait and balance. This study assessed the epidemiology of hip pain in Korea using data from the fifth version of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-5). The research analyzed data from 8,898,044 Koreans to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of hip pain and abnormal hip X-ray. Variables encompassed medical, demographic, mental, social, and musculoskeletal factors. Descriptive analysis and propensity score matching analyses unveiled characteristics of Koreans experiencing hip pain or showing abnormal hip x-ray. The study provides insights into the epidemiology of hip pain in the entire Korean population, and further suggesting the effective management of hip pain.
Comparing expedient and proactive approaches to the planning of protected area networks on Borneo
Authors: Macdonald Ewan A. , Cushman Samuel A. , Malhi Yadvinder , Macdonald David W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProtected areas are an important tool for wildlife conservation; however, research is increasingly revealing both biases and inadequacies in the global protected area network. One common criticism is that protected areas are frequently located in remote, high-elevation regions, which may face fewer threats compared to more accessible locations. To explore the conservation implications of this issue, we consider a thought experiment with seven different counterfactual scenarios for the Sunda clouded leopard’s conservation on Borneo. This allows us to examine two contrasting paradigms for conservation: “proactive conservation” which prioritises areas with high biodiversity and high risk of development, and “expedient conservation” which focusses on areas with the lowest development risk. We select clouded leopards as our focal species not only because of their emerging conservation importance, but also because, as top predators, they represent both keystone species and ambassadors for wider forest biodiversity. Furthermore, a published analysis of the likely impacts of forest loss in their habitat provides a benchmark for evaluating the modelled outcomes of alternative hypothetical conservation scenarios. We find that, across all metrics, expedient reserve design offered few benefits over the business-as-usual scenario, in contrast to the much greater conservation effectiveness of proactive protected area design. This paper sheds light on the challenging trade-offs between conservation goals and the competing land uses essential for the economic development and well-being of local communities.
Preparation of viromimetic rod-like nanoparticle vaccines (RLNVax) and study of their humoral immune activation efficacy
Authors: Huang Zichao , Zhu Zhenyi , Liu Liping , Song Wantong , Chen Xuesi 
Published: August 2024

Antigen proteins were modified onto the surfaces of nanoparticles with various shapes. This study investigates the effect of structural anisotropy on the efficacy of humoral immune activation by nanoparticle vaccines.
Chemistry, bioactivities, structure–activity relationship, biosynthesis and metabolism of prenylated flavonoids in Moraceae plants
Authors: Li Ning , Lu Wenjing , Ren Hui , Chen Zhiyong 
Published: August 2024

Prenylated flavonoids have garnered interests due to the industrial applications and bioactivities. It is imperative to explore their metabolism and synthesis, thereby furnishing foundation for pharmacokinetic and clinical research endeavors.
Bayesian network structure learning by dynamic programming algorithm based on node block sequence constraints
Authors: He Chuchao , Di Ruohai , Li Bo , Neretin Evgeny 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of dynamic programming (DP) algorithms to learn Bayesian network structures is limited by their high space complexity and difficulty in learning the structure of large‐scale networks. Therefore, this study proposes a DP algorithm based on node block sequence constraints. The proposed algorithm constrains the traversal process of the parent graph by using the M‐sequence matrix to considerably reduce the time consumption and space complexity by pruning the traversal process of the order graph using the node block sequence. Experimental results show that compared with existing DP algorithms, the proposed algorithm can obtain learning results more efficiently with less than 1% loss of accuracy, and can be used for learning larger‐scale networks.
Physics and data‐driven approach for online joint state and parameter estimation of electricity and steam networks
Authors: Zhao Jun , Li Wange , Wang Tianyu , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe electricity and steam integrated energy systems, which can capture waste heat and improve the overall energy efficiency, have been widely utilised in industrial parks. However, intensive and frequent changes in demands would lead to model parameters with strong time‐varying characteristics. This paper proposes a hybrid physics and data‐driven framework for online joint state and parameter estimation of steam and electricity integrated energy system. Based on the physical non‐linear state space models for the electricity network (EN) and steam heating network (SHN), relevance vector machine is developed to learn parameters' dynamic characteristics with respect to model states, which is embedded with physical models. Then, the online joint state and parameter estimation based on unscented Kalman filter is proposed, which would be learnt recursively to capture the spatiotemporal transient characteristics between electricity and SHNs. The IEEE 39‐bus EN and the 29‐nodes SHN are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results validate that the proposed method can provide a higher estimation accuracy than the state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Enantioselective Oxidative Homocoupling of 2-Oxindoles with a Chiral Bisguanidinium Hypoiodite Catalyst
Authors: Odagi Minami , Nagasawa Kazuo , Shimizu Yuta , Sugimoto Kota , Mori Io , Xu Ban , Tan Choon Hong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe bisoxindole motif is present in a variety of biologically active compounds. Here, we report an enantioselective oxidative homocoupling reaction of 2-oxindoles in the presence of a chiral bisguanidinium hypoiodite catalyst, providing access to the corresponding optically active bisoxindoles in excellent yields and with moderate to high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.
Synthesis of the (±)-trans-Whiskey and Cognac Lactones via a Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropane Hemimalonate
Authors: Kerr Michael A. , Menna Tim J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAging alcohol is a timeless process that has seen little variation since the time of its invention. Molecules stored within the wood can be extracted by the alcohol to produce unique flavors. Among these molecules exist the whiskey and cognac lactones. Herein we report a short synthesis of the trans-whiskey and cognac lactones using a rearrangement of cyclopropane hemimalonates.
Numerical optimization and efficiency analysis of Sn-based perovskite-on-silicon tandem solar cells with various TCO materials using SCAPS-1D simulation
Authors: Moinuddin Rayan Md. , Hasan Mahmudul , Rahaman Mostafizur , Islam Kazi Siamul 
Published: August 2024

Tandem cell technology is one step forward toward sustainable energy future. In tandem cells, it is possible to harness solar energy more effectively as multiple layers of a solar cell stack with different bandgaps capture and convert a broader range of incident spectra into electricity. It is crucial for tandem cells to have Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) with high transparency, high electrical conductivity, low reflection losses, and chemical stability so that their performance is boosted. In this numerical study, four different TCO layer materials—FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide), and MZO (magnesium-doped zinc oxide)—have been investigated with a tin-based perovskite-on-silicon structure (TCO/TiO2/MASnI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/c-SiOx/c-Si) for optimization and efficiency using SCAPS-1D simulation software. To reliably simulate tandem cells, optical filtering of bottom cells is achieved by calculating usable spectra from the top perovskite solar cell. The thickness of the TCO layer along with the selected material significantly affected the overall performance of the simulated solar cell. The best-case scenario among the four different materials was obtained from FTO as the TCO layer, which provided an open circuit voltage of 1.62 V, open circuit current of 20.52 mA cm−2, and efficiency of 25.34%. This study provides valuable insights into how TCO layer selection and optimization can lead to a more efficient, and thus more environmentally friendly, tandem solar cell configuration.
Scale-invariant Features of X-Ray Bursts from SGR J1935+2154 Detected by Insight-HXMT
Authors: Li Xiu-Juan , Liu Jia-Mu , Cheng Ming , Wang Yan-Na , Zhang Wen-Long 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we restudy the scale-invariant features of X-ray bursts from the soft gamma repeater (SGR) J1935+2154. To compare with previous studies, we choose 75 bursts from a dedicated 33 days-long observation carried out by Insight-HXMT. We investigate the size difference distributions of net counts, duration, and waiting time. It is found that the cumulative difference distributions of net counts and duration follow the q-Gaussian models with approximately steady q-values, confirming that the scale-invariant features exist in X-ray bursts of SGR J1935+2154. Regarding the varying results of waiting time reported by Sang & Lin and Wei et al, we find that the distributions of waiting time can be well described by the q-Gaussian model. Furthermore, the q-values of waiting time remain relatively stable at the 3σ confidence level, corroborating the scale invariance in the X-ray bursts. Additionally, we note that there is no significant q-value evolution across three Insight-HXMT telescopes. These findings statistically affirm that the X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 can be attributed to an fractal-diffusive self-organized criticality system with a plausible Euclidean spatial dimension S = 3, implying that X-ray bursts from SGR J1935+2154 and associated astrophysical phenomena may share a similar magnetically dominated stochastic process.