bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A casemix study of patients seen by a dermatology trainee in rural and urban outpatient settings
Authors: Tilakaratne Dev , Warren Lachlan , Menz Jennifer 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFor 8 years South Australian dermatologists have provided an outreach service to the Northern Territory (NT), including rural and remote areas. In 2012 and 2013, a trainee accompanied a dermatologist on these outreach visits. This is the first prospective study that documents the spectrum of dermatological diseases requiring outpatient specialist input in various settings in the NT, and also the first study to compare the clinical experience of one Australian dermatology trainee in urban and rural settings.Materials and MethodsCharacteristics of patients managed primarily by the outreach dermatology registrar were recorded prospectively from February 2013 to July 2013. The data from the trainee's urban encounters were compared to that of the rural centres. The spectrum of conditions seen in these two settings was placed in the disease categories specified in the Australasian College of Dermatologists (ACD) curriculum.ResultsThe Royal Adelaide Hospital outpatient experience provided greater exposure to skin neoplasms, lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disorders and non‐infectious neutrophilic/eosinophilic disorders. The outreach sites provided greater exposure to infections, adnexal diseases and genodermatoses. Both urban and rural experiences provided a broad exposure to the disease categories outlined in the ACD curriculum.ConclusionsThe spectrum of disease requiring specialist dermatology input varies between urban South Australia and rural NT. The inclusion of dermatology trainees in outreach visits broadens their clinical exposure. It is recommended that other dermatology service providers in Australia consider documenting clinical casemix comparisons to assess dermatology demand, outcomes and trainee exposure.
Analgesic effect of ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block after total abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Røjskjær Jesper O. , Gade Erik , Kiel Louise B. , Lind Morten N. , Pedersen Lars M. , Kristensen Billy B. , Rasmussen Yvonne H. , Foss Nicolai B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of bilateral ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block with ropivacaine compared with placebo as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen.DesignA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial following the CONSORT criteria.SettingHvidovre University Hospital.PatientsForty‐six women scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomy.InterventionWomen received either ropivacaine 0.75%, 20 mL (n = 24) or 0.9% saline, 20 mL (n = 24) in the transversus abdominis plane on each side.Main outcome measuresPrimary outcome was the 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption. Secondary outcomes were pain scores at rest and during coughing, postoperative nausea and vomiting at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h, and time to first mobilization.ResultsThere was no difference in the mean 24‐h postoperative morphine consumption between the two groups (p = 0.733). The ropivacaine group had significantly lower median pain scores at 1 h (p = 0.008) and 2 h (p = 0.027) postoperatively at rest and at 8 h (p = 0.028) during coughing. There was no significant difference in other secondary outcomes.ConclusionThere was no reduction in 24‐h morphine consumption when using an ultrasound‐guided transversus abdominis plane block in women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. As part of a multimodal regimen the transversus abdominis plane block showed some effect on pain scores at rest only in the early postoperative period.
Indications of newer and older anti‐epileptic drug use: findings from a southern Italian general practice setting from 2005–2011
Authors: Italiano Domenico , Capuano Annalisa , Alibrandi Angela , Ferrara Rosarita , Cannata Angelo , Trifirò Gianluca , Sultana Janet , Ferrajolo Carmen , Tari Michele , Tari Daniele Ugo , Perrotta Margherita , Pagliaro Claudia , Rafaniello Concita , Spina Edoardo , Arcoraci Vincenzo 
Published: December 2014

AimsThe aim of the study was to analyze the prescribing pattern of both newer and older AEDs.MethodsA population of almost 150 000 individuals registered with 123 general practitioners was included in this study. Patients who received at least one AED prescription over 2005–2011 were identified. The 1 year prevalence and cumulative incidence of AED use, by drug class and individual drug, were calculated over the study period. Potential predictors of starting therapy with newer AEDs were also investigated.ResultsThe prevalence of use per 1000 inhabitants of older AEDs increased from 10.7 (95% CI10.1, 11.2) in 2005 to 13.0 (95% CI12.4, 13.6) in 2011, while the incidence remained stable. Newer AED incidence decreased from 9.4 (95% CI 8.9, 9.9) in 2005 to 7.0 (95% CI 6.6, 7.5) in 2011, with a peak of 15.5 (95% CI 14.8, 16.1) in 2006. Phenobarbital and valproic acid were the most commonly prescribed AEDs as starting therapy for epilepsy. Gabapentin and pregabalin accounted for most new pain‐related prescriptions, while valproic acid and lamotrigine were increasingly used for mood disorders. Female gender (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.20, 1.53), age ranging between 45–54 years (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16, 1.66) and pain as an indication (OR 16.7, 95% CI, 13.1, 21.2) were associated with newer AEDs starting therapy.ConclusionsOlder AEDs were mainly used for epileptic and mood disorders, while newer drugs were preferred for neuropathic pain. Gender, age, indication of use and year of starting therapy influenced the choice of AED type. The decrease of newer AED use during 2007 is probably related to the restricted reimbursement criteria for gabapentin and pregabalin.
The sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the Amur River and North Sakhalin Basin: new evidence from seismic stratigraphy and Neogene–Recent sediment budgets
Authors: Nicholson Uisdean , van der Es Bas , Clift Peter D. , Flecker Rachel , Macdonald David I. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe North Sakhalin Basin in the western Sea of Okhotsk has been the main site of sedimentation from the Amur River since the Early Miocene. In this article, we present regional seismic reflection data and a Neogene–Recent sediment budget to constrain the evolution of the basin and its sedimentary fill, and consider the implications for sediment flux from the Amur River, in particular testing models of continental‐scale Neogene drainage capture. The Amur‐derived basin‐fill history can be divided into five distinct stages: the first Amur‐derived sediments (>21–16.5 Ma) were deposited during a period of transtension along the Sakhalin‐Hokkaido Shear Zone, with moderately high sediment flux to the basin (71 Mt year−1). The second stage sequence (16.5–10.4 Ma) was deposited following the cessation of transtension, and was characterised by a significant reduction in sediment flux (24 Mt year−1) and widespread retrogradation of deltaic sediments. The third (10.4–5.3 Ma) and fourth (5.3–2.5 Ma) stages were characterised by progradation of deltaic sediments and an associated increase in sediment flux (48–60 Mt year−1) to the basin. Significant uplift associated with regional transpression started during this time in southeastern Sakhalin, but the north‐eastward propagating strain did not reach the NE shelf of Sakhalin until the Pleistocene (<2.5 Ma). This uplift event, still ongoing today, resulted in recycling of older deltaic sediments from the island of Sakhalin, and contributed to a substantially increased total sediment flux to the adjacent basinal areas (165 Mt year−1). Adjusted rates to discount these local erosional products (117 Mt year−1) imply an Amur catchment‐wide increase in denudation rates during the Late Pliocene–Pleistocene; however, this was likely a result of global climatic and eustatic effects, combined with tectonic processes within the Amur catchment and possibly a smaller drainage capture event by the Sungari tributary, rather than continental‐scale drainage capture involving the entire upper Amur catchment.
Survival from uveal melanoma in Western Australia 1981–2005
Authors: Chew Avenell L , Spilsbury Katrina , Isaacs Timothy W 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe survival rates for patients diagnosed with uveal melanoma in Australia are unknown. Few long‐term studies of uveal melanoma are available, and it is unclear whether their results are applicable to the Australian population.DesignRetrospective population‐based study.ParticipantsPatients diagnosed with uveal melanoma between 1981 and 2005 in Western Australia.MethodsThree hundred eight cases were included. Relative survival and Cox regression were performed. Variables tested for their predictive ability included patient age and sex, tumour‐specific variables, and treatment modality.Main Outcome MeasuresAll‐cause survival rates and relative survival rates of patients with diagnosed uveal melanoma.ResultsRelative survival rates for the entire cohort were 88.2%, 81.4% and 71.4% at 3, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Predictors of worse survival included mixed‐cell tumour morphology (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.1; P‐value = 0.002), tumour location at the ciliary body (HR = 1.7; P‐value = 0.029) and tumour apical height more than 5 mm (HR 1.9, P‐value = 0.026). Of all patients who underwent enucleation, those diagnosed in 1998–2005 died twice as fast (HR = 2.3; P‐value = 0.004). In the 17 patients with metastasis, the median survival time from date of diagnosis of metastasis was 3.1 months.ConclusionsThese survival estimates are comparable to those reported for the USA, and more optimistic than those reported for most European‐based studies. Tumour apical height, tumour site, tumour morphology and having an enucleation in certain calendar periods of diagnosis were independent predictors of survival. Survival prognosis for patients with diagnosed metastatic uveal melanoma is very poor.
Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplant patients
Authors: Albring Antje , Wendt Laura , Harz Nino , Engler Harald , Wilde Benjamin , Kribben Andreas , Lindemann Monika , Schedlowski Manfred , Witzke Oliver 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are immunosuppressive drugs, which are typically employed in the field of organ transplantation. Both drugs have narrow therapeutic indices, highly variable pharmacokinetics, and are associated with severe adverse effects. In current clinical routine, the dose finding of CNIs is based on the measurement of their blood concentrations. However, this method is limited in its ability to determine the biological impact of the drug. Alternative monitoring strategies, focusing on the pharmacodynamics of CNIs, could help to personalize drug dosing and optimize the treatment with CNIs. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of the CNIs CsA (n = 9) and Tac (n = 8) in stable renal transplant patients during a 12‐h dosing period. We observed a significant decrease in the drug–blood concentration during the course of the day and in parallel a significant recovery of T cell function. In addition, our data document that analysis of intracellular interleukin (IL)‐2 production and determination of the IL‐2 release are accurate parameters for monitoring the pharmacodynamics of CNIs.
Liver transplantation arrests and reverses muscle wasting
Authors: Bergerson Joseph T. , Lee Jun‐Goo , Furlan Alessandro , Sourianarayanane Achuthan , Fetzer David T. , Tevar Amit D. , Landsittel Douglas P. , DiMartini Andrea F. , Dunn Michael A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMuscle wasting, sarcopenia, is common in advanced cirrhosis and predicts adverse outcomes while awaiting and following liver transplantation. Frequent post‐transplant worsening of sarcopenia has attracted recent interest. It is unknown whether this serious problem is an expected metabolic consequence of transplantation or results from confounding conditions such as recurrent allograft liver disease or avoidable post‐transplant complications. To clarify this question, we studied pre‐ and post‐transplant muscle mass in a retrospective cohort of 40 patients transplanted for three diseases – alcoholic cirrhosis, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis cirrhosis – in whom allograft disease recurrence was monitored and excluded, and who lacked common post‐transplant muscle wasting complications such as sepsis, renal failure, ischemia, and cholestasis. We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI) using computed tomography before and 12–48 months after transplant. SMI as a categorical variable significantly improved, from 18 patients above the normal cutoff pre‐transplant to 28 post‐transplant (p = 0.008). SMI increases were greatest in patients with the lowest pre‐transplant SMI (p < 0.01). As a continuous variable, mean SMI remained stable, with a non‐significant trend toward improvement. We conclude that after liver transplantation sarcopenia does not progress but is arrested and frequently improves in the absence of confounding conditions.
Development of a new attract‐and‐kill technology for Oriental fruit moth control using insecticide‐impregnated fabric
Authors: Huang Juan , Gut Larry J. , Grieshop Matthew 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe potential of a novel attract‐and‐kill pouch for pest control was assessed in a series of behavioral studies examining its effect on male Oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). In contrast to traditional attract‐and‐kill technologies that combine insecticides and pheromones in a paste or gel, the prototype device consisted of a fabric pouch that was impregnated with deltamethrin and baited with a separate sex pheromone lure placed inside the pouch. This new approach not only provided a large insecticide‐treated surface for males to interact with but also prevented males from directly contacting the attractant, so as to minimize the risk of moths overloading their sensory system with sex pheromones. In a forced‐contact bioassay, increasing dosages of deltamethrin in the fabric from 0.02 to 0.6 mg cm−2 increased mortality or knockdown rate of OFM 2, 4, and 24 h after 5 s exposure. Likewise, duration of exposure to a deltamethrin‐treated pouch significantly affected the knockdown rate of OFM. All of the exposed moths were knocked down after 60 s exposure. In a flight tunnel bioassay, OFM males exhibited similar behaviors when offered either a control or deltamethrin‐treated pouch, indicating no repellency of the toxicant. Among the moths that contacted treated pockets, 98% was either knocked down or dead 1 h after exposure. Attract‐and‐kill pouches aged in the field for nearly a year resulted in a similar rate of knockdown of OFM compared to fresh pouches. Surprisingly, addition of a UV blocker, 2,4‐dihydroxybenzophenone, did not influence efficacy of deltamethrin in aged pouches. This simple, highly selective, and long‐lasting attract‐and‐kill device may provide an alternative control for OFM.
Oxygen inhibition layer of composite resins: effects of layer thickness and surface layer treatment on the interlayer bond strength
Authors: Bijelic‐Donova Jasmina , Garoushi Sufyan , Lassila Lippo V. J. , Vallittu Pekka K. 
Published: December 2014

An oxygen inhibition layer develops on surfaces exposed to air during polymerization of particulate filling composite. This study assessed the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer of short‐fiber‐reinforced composite in comparison with conventional particulate filling composites. The effect of an oxygen inhibition layer on the shear bond strength of incrementally placed particulate filling composite layers was also evaluated. Four different restorative composites were selected: everX Posterior (a short‐fiber‐reinforced composite), Z250, SupremeXT, and Silorane. All composites were evaluated regarding the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer and for shear bond strength. An equal amount of each composite was polymerized in air between two glass plates and the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer was measured using a stereomicroscope. Cylindrical‐shaped specimens were prepared for measurement of shear bond strength by placing incrementally two layers of the same composite material. Before applying the second composite layer, the first increment's bonding site was treated as follows: grinding with 1,000‐grit silicon‐carbide (SiC) abrasive paper, or treatment with ethanol or with water‐spray. The inhibition depth was lowest (11.6 μm) for water‐sprayed Silorane and greatest (22.9 μm) for the water‐sprayed short‐fiber‐reinforced composite. The shear bond strength ranged from 5.8 MPa (ground Silorane) to 36.4 MPa (water‐sprayed SupremeXT). The presence of an oxygen inhibition layer enhanced the interlayer shear bond strength of all investigated materials, but its absence resulted in cohesive and mixed failures only with the short‐fiber‐reinforced composite. Thus, more durable adhesion with short‐fiber‐reinforced composite is expected.
Integrating physiological threshold experiments with climate modeling to project mangrove species’ range expansion
Authors: Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Parker John D. , Cook‐Patton Susan C. , Feller Ilka C. , Williams A. Park , Kellner James R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPredictions of climate‐related shifts in species ranges have largely been based on correlative models. Due to limitations of these models, there is a need for more integration of experimental approaches when studying impacts of climate change on species distributions. Here, we used controlled experiments to identify physiological thresholds that control poleward range limits of three species of mangroves found in North America. We found that all three species exhibited a threshold response to extreme cold, but freeze tolerance thresholds varied among species. From these experiments, we developed a climate metric, freeze degree days (FDD), which incorporates both the intensity and the frequency of freezes. When included in distribution models, FDD accurately predicted mangrove presence/absence. Using 28 years of satellite imagery, we linked FDD to observed changes in mangrove abundance in Florida, further exemplifying the importance of extreme cold. We then used downscaled climate projections of FDD to project that these range limits will move northward by 2.2–3.2 km yr−1 over the next 50 years.
Geophysical and Hydrologic Studies of Lake Seepage Variability
Authors: Toran Laura , Nyquist Jonathan , Rosenberry Donald , Gagliano Michael , Mitchell Natasha , Mikochik James 
Published: December 2014

AbstractVariations in lake seepage were studied along a 130 m shoreline of Mirror Lake NH. Seepage was downward from the lake to groundwater; rates measured from 28 seepage meters varied from 0 to −282 cm/d. Causes of this variation were investigated using electrical resistivity surveys and lakebed sediment characterization. Two‐dimensional (2D) resistivity surveys showed a transition in lakebed sediments from outwash to till that correlated with high‐ and low‐seepage zones, respectively. However, the 2D survey was not able to predict smaller scale variations within these facies. In the outwash, fast seepage was associated with permeability variations in a thin (2 cm) layer of sediments at the top of the lakebed. In the till, where seepage was slower than that in the outwash, a three‐dimensional resistivity survey mapped a point of high seepage associated with heterogeneity (lower resistivity and likely higher permeability). Points of focused flow across the sediment–water interface are difficult to detect and can transmit a large percentage of total exchange. Using a series of electrical resistivity geophysical methods in combination with hydrologic data to locate heterogeneities that affect seepage rates can help guide seepage meter placement. Improving our understanding of the causes and types of heterogeneity in lake seepage will provide better data for lake budgets and prediction of mass transfer of solutes or contaminants between lakes and groundwater.
Low‐Temperature Sintering and Microwave Dielectric Properties of MgZrNb2O8 Ceramics with BaCu (B2O5) Addition
Authors: Tang Xin , Yang Hui , Zhang Qi‐long , Zhou Jue‐hui 
Published: December 2014

The effects of BaCu (B2O5) doping on sintering characteristics, phase constitute, and dielectric properties of MgZrNb2O8 ceramics were investigated. Results indicated that a small amount of BaCu (B2O5) can effectively lower the sintering temperature of MgZrNb2O8 ceramics from 1300°C to 1100°C due to liquid phase sintering effect. However, the second phase of Ba3Nb8O21 appeared when the addition of BaCu (B2O5) exceeds 2wt%. Typically, 2wt% BaCu (B2O5)‐added MgZrNb2O8 ceramics sintered at 1100°C for 4 h could reach dense structure and exhibited microwave dielectric properties of εr = 25.96, Q×f = 65,064GHz (f = 8.68GHz), and τf = −47 ppm/°C. Moreover, this ceramic has a chemical compatibility with Ag70/Pd30 electrodes, making it a very promising candidate material for the application of microwave multilayer electronic components.
XRD Analysis of the Role of Cesium in Sodium‐Based Geopolymer
Authors: Chlique Christophe , Lambertin David , Antonucci Pascal , Frizon Fabien , Deniard Philippe 
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this work was to study the role of cesium in sodium‐based geopolymer and its thermal stability for nuclear waste management. A series of mixed sodium and cesium geopolymer samples (Na1−x
Cs
x
)2O·Al2O3·SiO2·12H2O (referred to as (Na1−

x
Cs
x
)‐GP, where x = 0, 0.08, 0.15, 0.42, 1) have been prepared. All geopolymer samples were heated at 1100°C for 24 h. Pollucite (CsAlSi2O6) and feldspathoid (CsAlSiO4) were crystallized from Cs‐GP. Nepheline (NaAlSiO4) and a small amount of crystallized silica were obtained from Na‐GP. The other geopolymers (Na1−

x
Cs
x
)‐GP (x = 0.08, 0.15, 0.42) led to pollucite and nepheline main phases. Amorphous silica phase was observed in all the geopolymer samples with various amounts. Phase quantification and scanning electron microscope revealed that higher Cs concentrations in Na‐GP tend to decrease the amorphous phase while improving pollucite and nepheline phase quantification. The amorphous geopolymers have also been studied by pair distribution function analysis. Tetrahedral chains formed by T–O bonding (with T = Si, Al) were shown to be more tighten around Cs+ than around Na+. It led to shorter Cs–T bond than Na–T bond matching the higher solvation property of Na+. Furthermore, thermal study analysis pointed out the fact that geopolymer samples (Na1−

x
Cs
x
)‐GP, can be considered as solid solutions.
Structural and Kinetic Analysis of BaCl2 Nanocrystals in Fluorochlorozirconate Glass‐Ceramics
Authors: Alvarez Carlos J. , Leonard Russell L. , Gray Sharon K. , Johnson Jacqueline A. , Petford‐Long Amanda K. 
Published: December 2014

The presence of BaCl2 nanocrystals and the crystallographic phase that they adopt controls the optical behavior of fluorochlorozirconate glass‐ceramics. We have used in situ X‐ray diffraction heating experiments and ex situ transmission electron microscopy to follow the BaCl2 nanocrystal nucleation and growth processes as a function of heating rate and isothermal hold temperature. The BaCl2 nanocrystals nucleate with the hexagonal crystal structure and grow as spherical particles to a size of ~10 to 20 nm. They then undergo a structural transformation to the orthorhombic phase and their shape changes to rounded disks, with diameters ranging from 150 to 250 nm, and thicknesses ranging from 80 to 120 nm. The change in size results from Ostwald ripening of the hexagonal BaCl2 nanocrystals to form the orthorhombic BaCl2 nanocrystals.