bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and in vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Indapamide from Methocel® K15 MCR and K100 LVCR
Authors: Das Utpal , Halder Shimul , Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Or Rashid Harun , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur 
Published: September 2012

Indapamide, a low-dose thiazide-type diuretic, is used for the treatment of essential hypertension. In this study, we developed an indapamide sustained release formulation using Methocel K15 MCR (a modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), Methocel K100 LVCR (a modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), magnesium stearate, talc and starch 1500 by direct compression. The powders for tableting were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity etc. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out in the gastric medium (pH 1.3) for first two hours and then in the intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 22 hours using United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) 22 paddle-type dissolution apparatus. The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility index etc. All the tablets complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The results of dissolution studies indicated that the formulation F-5 and F-7 (up to 75.36 % drug release in 12 hours) could extend the drug release up to 12 hours. The drug release patterns were simulated in different kinetic orders such as Zero Order release kinetics, First Order release kinetics, Higuchi release kinetics, Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics and Hixson-Crowell release kinetics to assess the release mechanism. From the study we observed that Higuchi release kinetics was the predominant release mechanism than Zero Order and First Order kinetics. The drug release mechanism from the matrix tablets was found to be non Fickian mechanism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11785 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 87-92, 2011 (December)
Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Betahistine Dihydrochloride Twice Daily Controlled Release Matrix Tablet
Authors: Islam Asraful , Halder Shimul , Bachar Sitesh Chandra 
Published: September 2012

In order to reduce dosing frequency, a sustained release dosage form of betahistine dihydrochloride was developed as a twice daily controlled release tablet formulation that could be used to decrease vertigo resulted in Meniere's disease for a prolonged time. Six formulations were developed by using Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K15M CR and Methocel K 100 LVCR as single and combinations in different percentage. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Physical properties of betahistine dihydrochloride granules and betahistine dihydrochloride matrix tablets were evaluated. The tablets were characterized for Betahistine Dihydrochloride release in both gastric simulated fluid (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.3) and simulated intestinal fluid (buffer solution pH 6.8). The data were subjected to different models in order to evaluate their release kinetics and mechanisms. The results of the in vitro dissolution study indicate that most of the formulations showed above 80% of drug release in 12 hours but formulations (F-2 and F-4) met the official specification of release profile. Dissolution data were fitted to zero order equation, Higuchi square root law, Korsmeyer-Peppas model and Hixson-Crowell cube root law as these plots showed the highest value of linearity to evaluate kinetic data. The release of betahistine dihydrochloride was prolonged for 12 hours indicating the usefulness of the formulations for twice daily dosage forms, leading to improve efficacy, controlling the release and better patient compliance. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11786 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 93-100, 2011 (December)
Design and Evaluation of Metoprolol Tartrate Containing Buccal Tablets
Authors: Nagendrakumar D , Shirsand S B , Para MS , Makadia CK 
Published: September 2012

Metoprolol tartrate is a selective ?-1 adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension. It is readily and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but is subjected to considerable first- pass metabolism having half-life of 3 to 4 hr. It has 12% oral bioavailability. These physicochemical properties of metoprolol tartrate (undergoing considerable first- pass metabolism, low molecular weight) make it suitable candidate for administration by buccal route. Bilayered buccal tablets of metoprolol tartrate were prepared by direct compression method using combinations of polymers (carbopol 934p along with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium alginate and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M), using mannitol as a channeling agent and ethyl cellulose as a backing layer. The tablets were evaluated for physical and biological parameters. Among the 15 formulations, the formulation FA1 containing sodium alginate (34.00% w/w of matrix layer), Carbopol 934p (6.0% w/w of matrix layer) and mannitol (channeling agent, 8.0% w/w of matrix layer) was found to be promising, which showed t25%, t50%, t70% values of 0.42, 2.45, 4.48 hr respectively and in vitro drug release of 86.04% in 8 hr along with satisfactory bioadhesive strength (5.00±0.10 g). Stability studies on the promising formulations indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and in vitro dissolution characteristics (p<0.05). Infra-redspectroscopic studies indicated that there are no drug-excipient interactions. The prepared buccal tablets of metoprolol tartrate could stay in the buccal cavity for a longer period of time, which indicate a potential use of mucoadhesive tablets of metoprolol tartrate for treating blood pressure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11787 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 101-108, 2011 (December)
Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet of Domperidone
Authors: Islam Ashiqul , Haider Syed Shabbir , Reza Md Selim 
Published: September 2012

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate orodispersible tablets of domperidone by direct compression method. Sodium starch glycolate ( SCG ), Kollidone CLSF and sodium bicarbonate were used as disintegrants to achieve the desired disintegration time required for orodispersible tablets. To mask the bitter taste of drug, impart sweetness and to offer a better feeling in mouth, saccharin sodium, aspartame, citric acid, menthol and lemon flavor were also added. Mannitol and lactose were used as sugar based multifunctional diluents. The prepared tablets were evaluated for their physical (hardness, friability, weight variation), organoleptic (taste, mouth-feel, color) and functional (disintegration time) properties and for the drug content. The excipients were used in various concentrations in order to optimize the desired properties. SCG and Kollidone CLSF, used in 5.5% and 4% respectively, gave satisfactory disintegration time using BP instrument and within the mouth. Combination of saccharin sodium (1.5%) and aspartame (3%) along with mannitol (40%) and other excipients effectively masked the bitterness and provided satisfactory sweetness level. Incorporation of 0.05% menthol provided excellent mouth feeling as assessed by a panel of volunteers. Hardness and friability values were also optimized in the formulations to produce tablets of acceptable physical stability and mechanical strength. Weight variation and drug content of all formulations fully complied with the official specifications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11791 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 117-122, 2011 (December)
Biological Screenings of Two Araceous Plants Growing in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Tanjina , Sikder Md Al Amin , Kaisar Mohammad A , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Rashid Mohammad A 
Published: September 2012

Two Bangladeshi medicinal plants from Araceae family, Alocasia indica and Steudnera virosa, have been investigated for their in vitro thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing antimicrobial activities and generalized toxicity. The total phenolic content was also determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by heat and hypotonic solution induced methods. The carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTCSF) of A. indica and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of S. virosa demonstrated strong membrane stabilizing activity. Different extractives of A. indica and S. virosa showed moderate thrombolytic activity. Among the two plants, the methanoic crude extract and its chloroform soluble partitionate of S. virosa revealed moderate inhibition of microbial growth. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the pet-ether and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions of A. indica and the crude extract and its pet-ether soluble fraction of S. virosa were found to be as lethal as Vincristine sulphate after 24 hours observation on shrimp nauplii. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11794 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 131-135, 2011(December)
The Study of in vitro and in vivo Effects of Concurrent Administration of Paracetamol and Zinc on the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Rezwanul , Sultan Md Zakir , Baki Mohammad Abdullahil , Rahman Md Aknur , Hossain Md Aslam , Hossain Md Amjad , Amran Md Shah 
Published: September 2012

Concurrent administration of more than one drug is a common practice in medical science and in such case one drug may affect the pharmacology of another drug. Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic in Bangladesh and frequently prescribed with paracetamol and zinc salt for concomitant use in patients suffering from infections. Therefore, the interaction of ciprofloxacin with paracetamol and zinc salt was studied in vitro at pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4 which are related to gastric, intestinal juices and blood environment, respectively. In vitro evaluation of ciprofloxacin complexes with paracetamol and zinc was carried on several gram positive and gram negative microorganisms by disc diffusion method. The in vivo effect of the complexes was assessed by determining the plasma concentration in mice by spectroscopic method. It was observed that in the in vitro study paracetamol and zinc has insignificant effect on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin although zinc itself showed some antibacterial activity; and in the in vivo study it was found that zinc sulphate reduced the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin HCl. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11795 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 137-142, 2011 (December)
Bioassay of two Leguminous Plants: Enterolobium saman Prain and Albizzia lebbek Benth
Authors: Islam M Kaisarul , Rahman Asma , Hossain Md S , Jabbar A 
Published: September 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11796 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 143-146, 2011 (December)
Microemulsions as Nanoreactors for Preparation of Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hossain Sakhawat , Fatema Ummul K , Mollah Md Yousuf A , Rahman M Muhibur , Hasan susan Md Abu Bin 
Published: September 2012

Nanoparticles of silver and copper have been synthesized by reduction of aqueous silver nitrate and copper chloride solutions with sodium borohydride in anionic water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/1-pentanol/cyclohexane/water. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, energy dispersive spectra (EDX) and UVspectra have been used to characterize the resultant nanoparticles. The average size of the nanoparticles has been found to be influenced by the water to surfactant molar ratio (Wo) in the microemulsions. Smaller particles are obtained at low Wo, while higher Wo yields larger particles. The antibiotic sensitivity of silver and copper nanoparticles against Escherichia coli (E. coli) was tested by zone inhibition method using nanoparticles in ethanol suspension. Both silver and copper nanoparticles showed the potential for use as antibacterial agents against E. coli with sensitivity as good as conventional antibiotics. Silver nanoparticles show higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, compared to copper nanoparticles. As the amount of the nanoparticles in the suspension decreases, antibacterial activity decreases; however the concentration dependence on antibacterial activity has been less pronounced. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v25i1.11777 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 25(1), 71-79, 2012
Correction of Undesirable Pseudophakic Refractive Error With the Sulcoflex Intraocular Lens
Authors: Falzon Kevin , Stewart Owen G. 
Published: September 2012

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the visual outcomes, efficacy, predictability, and short-term safety of implanting the Sulcoflex (Rayner Intraocular Lenses Ltd) intraocular lens (IOL) to correct residual pseudophakic errors.

METHODS:
Retrospective study of patients undergoing implantation of the Sulcoflex IOL. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity and refractive outcomes were evaluated. Postoperative follow-up was at 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months.

RESULTS:

Fifteen eyes (13 patients) were evaluated. Mean follow-up was 20 months (range: 14 to 30 months). The Sulcoflex aspheric (653L) and toric (653T) IOLs were implanted in 3 and 12 eyes, respectively. Preoperatively, mean logMAR (Snellen) UDVA and CDVA were 0.44 (20/55) and 0.05 (20/22), respectively. At 3 months, all eyes achieved logMAR UDVA of 0.20 (20/32) or better, with 10 (67%) eyes achieving UDVA of 0 (20/20) or better. Preoperative mean spherical and astigmatic errors were 1.07±0.83 diopters (D) and −1.45±0.98 D, respectively. Preoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction was −0.54±1.11 (D). Postoperative mean sphere and astigmatism at 3 months were −0.25±0.38 D and −0.50±0.57 D, respectively. Postoperative mean spherical equivalent refraction at 3 months was −0.15±0.28 D. All patients were within 1.00 D of attempted correction, with 93% within 0.50 D. Linear regression analysis showed good correlation (R
2
=0.72) between attempted versus achieved spherical equivalent refractions. No significant intra- or postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implantation of the Sulcoflex IOL was found to be an effective and predictable option for enhancing postoperative refractive results and reducing spectacle dependence for distance after surgery. The IOL was well tolerated in all eyes.
Comparison of Tear Cytokines and Clinical Outcomes Between Off-flap and On-flap Epi-LASIK With Mitomycin C
Authors: Zhang Yu , Chen Yue-guo , Xia Ying-jie , Qi Hong 
Published: September 2012

PURPOSE:
To compare tear cytokines and clinical outcomes between off-flap and on-flap epi-LASIK eyes and explore the possible mechanism for the clinical differences.

METHODS:
This double-masked, randomized study enrolled 18 myopic patients who underwent off-flap epi-LASIK with mitomycin C (MMC) in 1 eye and on-flap epi-LASIK with MMC in the contralateral eye. Tears were collected from each eye preoperatively and 2 hours, 1 day, and 5 days postoperatively. Concentrations of multiple tear cytokines were measured by a multiplex immunobead assay. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), refraction, haze scores, pain scores, and percentage of corneal epithelial healing were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Compared with the on-flap group, the off-flap group had outcomes of better UDVA and higher percentages of epithelial healing at 5 days after surgery (
P
<.001) and lower levels of haze at 1 month after surgery (
P
=.049). Preoperatively, no significant differences were noted in the release rate of all tear cytokines between groups. At 2 hours postoperatively, the release rate of tear basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the off-flap group were significantly lower than those in the on-flap group (
P
=.011, .017, .048, and .041, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Off-flap epi-LASIK with MMC offers faster corneal epithelial healing and visual recovery, and temporary less haze than on-flap epi-LASIK with MMC. The lower tear levels of bFGF, PDGF-BB, IL-8, and TNF-α in the offflap group 2 hours after surgery may suggest a possible mechanism for the clinical differences.
Refractive and Topographic Errors in Topography-guided Ablation Produced by Epithelial Compensation Predicted by 3D Artemis VHF Digital Ultrasound Stromal and Epithelial Thickness Mapping
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine 
Published: September 2012

PURPOSE:
To describe and quantify the errors inherent to topography-guided ablation of irregular corneas due to natural epithelial thickness compensatory remodeling.

METHODS:
Artemis very high-frequency (VHF) digital ultrasound scanning (ArcScan Inc) was performed on a cornea that had undergone radial keratotomy with inferior and superior trapezoidal keratotomies, resulting 27 years later in high irregular astigmatism (+6.50 −8.00 × 101) and severe loss of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) to 20/50. The epithelial thickness profile was highly irregular, masking a significant proportion of the true stromal irregularity from front corneal surface topography, which would have resulted in significant inaccuracies had a topography-guided ablation been performed. The stromal ablation pattern of a transepithelial phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) ablation was modeled, which appeared logically to reduce the areas of abnormal stromal surface elevation and resembled a hyperopic astigmatic ablation of approximately 3.50 diopters of cylinder. Artemis-assisted transepithelial PTK was performed to target the stromal irregularity masked by epithelium.

RESULTS:

Artemis-assisted transepithelial PTK induced a refractive change similar to that predicted (+2.24 −3.97 × 120), demonstrating the refractive shift produced by the epithelium. The epithelial thickness profile became relatively regular and CDVA returned to 20/20
−2
. Two topography wavefront-guided ablations were performed to correct the remaining topographic irregularity and refractive error, resulting in a near plano refraction, significantly lower higher order aberrations, and CDVA of 20/20
+2
.

CONCLUSIONS:
A knowledge of stromal surface shape and power shift produced by epithelial thickness profile alterations after corneal surgery has the potential of improving the efficacy and safety of custom corneal ablation.
El desafío cultural de la filosofía. Apuntes sobre el actor social en la recepción de la fenomenología en México
Authors: Xolocotzi Yáñez Ángel 
Published: September 2012

El hecho de que la filosofía se haya vuelto un problema para ella misma en el ámbito contemporáneo ha conducido también a repensar su relación con la sociedad. Frente al esquema tradicional que ubica al filósofo en su alejamiento social, el autor destaca aspectos centrales que conducen a pensar al filósofo como actor social. Para ello es necesario apoyarse en propuestas radicales que rompen con esquemas metafísicos y a la vez abren perspectivas para pensar el carácter intersubjetivo del filosofar. La fenomenología de Edmund Husserl se caracteriza por tal radicalidad a partir de la tematización de los fines propios del filosofar. De ese modo se abre la posibilidad de comprender el papel social de la filosofía a partir de su responsabilidad en la transformación cultural. La apropiación de esta perspectiva es ejemplificada mediante el trabajo del grupo Hiperión en México, ya que fue a partir de su recepción de la fenomenología y del existencialismo que logró proyectar el filosofar al ámbito de la cultura mexicana a mediados del siglo pasado.
A Guerra Contra o Paraguai: História e Historiografia: Da instauração à restauração historiográfica [1871-2002]
Authors: Maestri Mário 
Published: September 2012

Este artigo discute a gênese da historiografia brasileira sobre a guerra do Paraguai em três momentos: primeiro, a instauração inicial de historiografia nacional-patriótica, inicialmente escrita sobretudo por oficiais brasileiros que participaram do conflito. Segundo, revisão da historiografia liberal-patriótica sobre a guerra, no Paraguai, Argentina e, finalmente, Brasil, com destaque para o trabalho de J.J. Chiavenatto. Terceiro, no contexto da maré neoliberal dos anos 1980, o processo de restauração das interpretações nacional-patrióticas brasileiras, apoiada sobretudo nos lapsos da obra de Chiavenatto.
L’hétérodoxie indigène au cœur des conflits intrasociaux dans le Pérou colonial : perception et analyse de Bartolomé Álvarez, doctrinero de la fin du XVIème siècle.
Authors: Kermele Nejma 
Published: September 2012

Cet article propose une brève analyse d’un document écrit par un curé, Bartolomé Álvarez, dans la Bolivie de la fin du XVIème siècle. Ce Memorial a Felipe II apparait à une époque charnière : il est tout juste postérieur au IIIème Concile de Lima et aux réformes de Don Francisco de Toledo. Dans cet ouvrage décapant, Álvarez résume le conflit toujours vivace entre une norme religieuse qu’il a pour mission d’imposer et les contournements que les Indiens lui font subir. Le texte dépeint, parfois avec une réelle violence, les éléments du conflit, les donne à voir à travers le prisme d’un auteur convaincu de la justesse de sa pensée, pensée que l’on peut, sans hésiter, qualifier d’anti-lascasienne. L’hétérodoxie indigène, aux multiples facettes, induit une définition de ce que pouvait être l’orthodoxie pour un curé passablement aigri et désabusé. Sous sa plume, les déviances indigènes deviennent irréductibles et le conflit s’annonce permanent. L’hétérodoxie religieuse devient alors dissidence politique et rend possible l’éventualité d’un recours assumé à la force. C’est ainsi que s’affirme l’idée que seule la construction d’une société véritablement coloniale permettra l’évangélisation des Indiens et le maintien du pouvoir espagnol en Amérique.
Un cas particulier de dissidence nobiliaire : la figure de don Juan Manuel dans les chroniques du règne d’Alphonse XI de Castille (1312-1350)
Authors: Carette Alice 
Published: September 2012

Este trabajo interroga la representación de don Juan Manuel (1282-1348), gran noble disidente de su tiempo, en las tres crónicas del reinado de Alfonso XI de Castilla (1312-1350) : la Crónica de Alfonso XI (1344), el Poema de Alfonso Onceno (1348) y la Gran Crónica de Alfonso XI (1376). Tras mostrar cómo la Crónica niega la legitimidad de la rebelión de don Juan y funda lo esencial de su crítica en su alianza, alternativamente pasiva y activa, con Granada —con la cual Castilla está en guerra perpetua— este estudio demuestra, sin embargo, que la condena del personaje queda limitada por la obligación, para la Crónica, de silenciar ciertas contradicciones en la acción política del monarca. Muestra, a continuación, cómo la Gran Crónica, versión modificada del primer texto, redactada bajo el reinado de Enrique II, insiste, para rehabilitar a don Juan Manuel, en su participación en la guerra contra los moros, interpolando y desarrollando ciertos episodios sacados del Poema.