bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase 1 study of the antimesothelin immunotoxin SS1P in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin for front‐line therapy of pleural mesothelioma and correlation of tumor response with serum mesothelin, megakaryocyte potentiating factor, and cancer antigen 125
Authors: Hassan Raffit , Sharon Elad , Thomas Anish , Zhang Jingli , Ling Alexander , Miettinen Markku , Kreitman Robert J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Hollevoet Kevin , Pastan Ira 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThe primary objective of this study was to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the antimesothelin immunotoxin SS1(dsFv)PE38 (SS1P) (a recombinant antimesothelin immunotoxin consisting of a murine antimesothelin variable antibody fragment [Fv] linked to PE38, a truncated portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A) in combination with pemetrexed and cisplatin in chemotherapy‐naive patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Secondary objectives included tumor response, SS1P pharmacokinetics, and serum biomarkers of response.METHODSChemotherapy‐naive patients with stage III or IV, unresectable, epithelial or biphasic MPM and normal organ functions were eligible. Pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 on day 1) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2 on day 1) were administered every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles with escalating doses of SS1P administered intravenously on days 1, 3, and 5 during cycles 1 and 2. Tumor response was evaluated every 6 weeks.RESULTSTwenty‐four patients received SS1P at 4 dose levels from 25 to 55 mcg/kg. Grade 3 fatigue was dose‐limiting in 1 patient at 55 mcg/kg. The MTD of SS1P was established as 45 mcg/kg. Other grade 3 toxicities associated with SS1P included hypoalbuminemia (21%), back pain (13%), and hypotension (8%). Of 20 evaluable patients, 12 (60%) had a partial response, 3 had stable disease, and 5 had progressive disease. Of 13 patients who received the MTD, 10 (77%) had a partial response, 1 had stable disease, and 2 had progressive disease. Objective radiologic responses were associated with significant decreases in serum mesothelin (P=.0030), megakaryocyte potentiating factor (P=.0005), and cancer antigen 125 (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSSS1P given with pemetrexed and cisplatin is safe and well tolerated and exhibits significant antitumor activity in patients with unresectable, advanced pleural mesothelioma. Serum mesothelin, megakaryocyte potentiating factor, and cancer antigen 125 levels correlated with objective tumor responses. Cancer 2014;120:3311–3319. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Density approach: a new model for BigData analysis and visualization
Authors: Zhang Jinson , Huang Mao Lin 
Published: July 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we extended our density model to BigData analysis and visualization. BigData, which contains images, videos, texts, audio files and other forms of data collected from multiple datasets, is difficult to process and visualize using traditional database management and visualization tools. The challenges are in representing multiple datasets and illustrating and visualizing data patterns to meet business, government and organization needs. We have established the 5Ws density model which uses the 5Ws dimensions for BigData analysis and visualization. The 5Ws dimensions are what the data contain, why the data were transferred, where the data came from, when the data occurred, who received the data and how the data were transferred. According to the network log dataset, an example of BigData, each data incident can be classified into these 5Ws dimensions. The network log dataset ISCX2012 is tested throughout our model. This new model not only classifies network attributes and patterns but also establishes density patterns that provide more analytical features for BigData analysis and visualization. The experimental result shows that this new model with clustered visualization can be efficiently used for BigData analysis and network intrusion detection. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2014.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single and Multiple Doping Effects on Charge Transport in Zigzag Silicene Nanoribbons
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Xue‐Feng , Vasilopoulos Panagiotis , Chen An‐Bang , Wu Jian‐Chun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA non‐equilibrium Green’s function technique combined with density functional theory is used to study the spin‐dependent electronic band structure and transport properties of zigzag silicene nanoribbons (ZSiNRs) doped with aluminum (Al) or phosphorus (P) atoms. The presence of a single Al or P atom induces quasibound states in ZSiNRs that can be observed as new dips in the electron conductance. The Al atom acts as an acceptor whereas the P atom acts as a donor if it is placed at the center of the ribbon. This behavior is reversed if the dopant is placed on the edges. Accordingly, an acceptor–donor transition is observed in ZSiNRs upon changing the dopant’s position. Similar results are obtained if two silicon atoms are replaced by two impurities (Al or P atoms) but the conductance is generally modified due to the impurity–impurity interaction. If the doping breaks the twofold rotational symmetry about the central line, the transport becomes spin‐dependent.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Adsorption Rate of Methanol at Pt Stepped Single‐Crystal Electrodes and Effect of Ru Step Decoration: A DEMS Study
Authors: Mostafa Ehab , Abd‐El‐Latif Abd‐El‐Aziz A. , Baltruschat Helmut 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe adsorption and oxidation of methanol at Pt(331) and Ru‐step‐decorated Pt(331) electrodes are studied recording currents and ion currents by online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry. The CO2 current efficiencies and the degree of surface poisoning with COad formed during methanol oxidation are independent of the flow rate, confirming the parallel pathway mechanism. The CO2 current efficiencies decrease with increasing methanol concentration and increase with increasing potential, whereas those of methyl formate show a reverse trend. At potentials higher than 0.6 V, neither the CO2 current efficiencies nor the methanol oxidation currents increase with increasing Ru coverage. Instead, methanol oxidation is inhibited due to blocking of the most active platinum step sites. At potentials lower than 0.6 V, however, not only the onset of methanol oxidation shifts negatively, by about 0.1 V, but also the methanol oxidation current and the CO2 current efficiencies increase. Crucial for the use in fuel cells is the complete oxidation to CO2, which can be achieved if the reactants first adsorb at the electrode surface along the reaction path with adsorbed CO as an intermediate. Therefore, we directly determine the methanol adsorption rates at Pt(331) as well as at Ru‐step‐decorated Pt(331), Pt(332), Pt(100), and Pt(11,1,1) electrodes. The methanol adsorption rate is doubled by a double step density in the case of the Pt(331) and Pt(332) electrodes, higher at higher Ru coverages, and increases by a factor of three upon increasing the potential by 0.1 V (corresponding to a Tafel slope of approximately 200 mV dec−1). At Pt(331) electrodes with partial step decoration, stripping of adsorbed CO (from CO gas) reveals two adsorbate states, which are also discernable when the adsorbate formed from methanol dehydrogenation is stripped.
Temperature Effects on the Capacitance of an Imidazolium‐based Ionic Liquid on a Graphite Electrode: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Han Yining , Yan Tianying 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTemperature‐dependent electric double layer (EDL) and differential capacitance–potential (Cd–U) curves of the ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM+/PF6−) were studied on a graphite electrode by molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that all Cd–U curves were asymmetric camel‐shaped with higher Cd at negative polarization, attributed to the specific adsorption of BMIM+. In addition, the maxima of Cd at the negative polarization decrease monotonically with temperature due to the thicker EDL, whereas at the positive polarization they gradually increase from 450 to 550 K and decrease at 600 K. Such temperature effects at positive polarization may be understood in terms of the competition between two aspects: the weakening specific adsorption of BMIM+ allows more effective screening to the positive charge and overall increasing EDL thickness. Although the former dominates from 450 to 550 K, the latter becomes dominant at 600 K.
Surface‐Charge Differentiation of Streptavidin and Avidin by Atomic Force Microscopy–Force Spectroscopy
Authors: Almonte Lisa , Lopez‐Elvira Elena , Baró Arturo M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChemical information can be obtained by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and force spectroscopy (FS) with atomic or molecular resolution, even in liquid media. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that single molecules of avidin and streptavidin anchored to a biotinylated bilayer can be differentiated by using AFM, even though AFM topographical images of the two proteins are remarkably alike. At physiological pH, the basic glycoprotein avidin is positively charged, whereas streptavidin is a neutral protein. This charge difference can be determined with AFM, which can probe electrostatic double‐layer forces by using FS. The force curves, owing to the electrostatic interaction, show major differences when measured on top of each protein as well as on the lipid substrate. FS data show that the two proteins are negatively charged. Nevertheless, avidin and streptavidin can be clearly distinguished, thus demonstrating the sensitivity of AFM to detect small changes in the charge state of macromolecules.
Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Metal‐Free Carbocatalyst for Polymerization of 1‐Naphthylamine
Authors: Tan Lin , Zhang Yong‐Chen , Wang Bin , Luo He‐Ming , Feng Hui‐Xia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover is the group of Prof. Huixia Feng from Lanzhou University of Technology, P. R. China. The cover picture shows the catalytic effect of reduced graphene oxide for radical oxidative polymerization of 1‐naphthylamine. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201402020
Carbon‐Coated Ceramic Membrane Reactor for the Production of Hydrogen by Aqueous‐Phase Reforming of Sorbitol
Authors: D'Angelo M. F. Neira , Ordomsky V. , Schouten J. C. , van der Schaaf J. , Nijhuis T. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHydrogen was produced by aqueous‐phase reforming (APR) of sorbitol in a carbon‐on‐alumina tubular membrane reactor (4 nm pore size, 7 cm long, 3 mm internal diameter) that allows the hydrogen gas to permeate to the shell side, whereas the liquid remains in the tube side. The hydrophobic nature of the membrane serves to avoid water loss and to minimize the interaction between the ceramic support and water, thus reducing the risks of membrane degradation upon operation. The permeation of hydrogen is dominated by the diffusivity of the hydrogen in water. Thus, higher operation temperatures result in an increase of the flux of hydrogen. The differential pressure has a negative effect on the flux of hydrogen due to the presence of liquid in the larger pores. The membrane was suitable for use in APR, and yielded 2.5 times more hydrogen than a reference reactor (with no membrane). Removal of hydrogen through the membrane assists in the reaction by preventing its consumption in undesired reactions.
Photoreduction of Iron(III) to Iron(0) Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Hydrogen Evolution in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Chuan‐Jun , Cao Shuang , Qin Biao , Zhang Chen , Li Ting‐Ting , Fu Wen‐Fu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCrystalline Fe nanoparticles were obtained with fluorescein (Fl) as the photosensitizer in triethylamine (TEA) or triethanolamine (TEOA) aqueous solution with FeCl3 as the Fe precursor under bright visible‐light light‐emitting diode (LED) irradiation. Photoinduced electron transfer from excited state Fl* and Fl− to Fe3+ produced the Fe nanoparticles, which served as the active catalyst for in situ photocatalytic hydrogen production with Fl and TEA or TEOA as the photosensitizer and electron donors, respectively, in the same system. Robust hydrogen production activities were observed under the Fe nanoparticle photoreduction conditions in basic solution, and tens of milliliters of hydrogen were obtained over prolonged LED irradiation. If inorganic support materials such as NH2‐MCM‐41 or reduced graphene oxide were introduced, dispersed nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes were deposited on the supports, which led to variously enhanced hydrogen production activities. The relationships between the morphologies of the Fe/H2N‐MCM‐41 or Fe/graphene composites generated in situ and the hydrogen production activities were investigated systematically.
Metal–Organic Frameworks at Interfaces in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yafeng , Chen Caiyun , Sun Xun , Dou Jie , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractZIF‐8, a kind of widely studied metal‐organic frameworks, was used for the interfacial modification of dye‐sensitized solar cells by a facile post‐treatment strategy for the first time, which solved the problem of severely decreased short‐circuit photocurrent in previous report. After the surface treatment, the performance of cells was obviously improved. The conditions for the deposition of ZIF‐8 were optimized. The best photovoltaic property was obtained when the growth time of ZIF‐8 was 7 min and the TiO2 photoanode was post‐treated for 2 times. Besides the energy barrier effect of ZIF‐8 that improved the open‐circuit photovoltage and electron lifetime, the dyes adsorbed tightly on TiO2 surface was found to be a key point for the efficient electron injection and improved performance.
Impact of the Electron‐Transport Layer on the Performance of Solution‐Processed Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Long Guankui , Wan Xiangjian , Kan Bin , Hu Zhicheng , Yang Xuan , Zhang Yi , Zhang Mingtao , Wu Hongbing , Huang Fei , Su Shijian , Cao Yong , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough the performance of polymer solar cells has been improved significantly recently through careful optimization with different interlayers for the same materials, more improvement is needed in this respect for small‐molecule‐based solar cells, particularly for the electron‐transport layers (ETLs). In this work, three different solution‐processed ETLs, PFN, ZnO nanoparticles, and LiF, were investigated and compared in the performance of small‐molecule‐based devices, and power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 8.32, 7.30, and 7.38 % were achieved, respectively. The mechanism for the ETL‐induced enhancement has been studied, and different ETLs have a significantly different impact on the device performance. The clearly improved performance of PFN is attributed to the combination of reduced bimolecular recombination and increased effective photon absorption in the active layer.
Neonatal amygdala lesions alter mother–infant interactions in rhesus monkeys living in a species‐typical social environment
Authors: Raper Jessica , Stephens Shannon B.Z. , Sanchez Mar , Bachevalier Jocelyne , Wallen Kim 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the effects of neonatal amygdala lesions on mother–infant interactions in rhesus monkeys reared in large species‐typical social groups. Focal observations of mother–infant interactions were collected in their social group for the first 12 months postpartum on infants that had received amygdala lesions (Neo‐A) at 24–25 days of age and control infants. Early amygdala lesions resulted in subtle behavioral alterations. Neo‐A females exhibited earlier emergence of independence from the mother than did control females, spending more time away from their mother, whereas Neo‐A males did not. Also, a set of behaviors, including coo vocalizations, time in contact, and time away from the mother, accurately discriminated Neo‐A females from control females, but not Neo‐A and control males. Data suggest that neonatal amygdalectomy either reduced fear, therefore increasing exploration in females, or reduced the positive reward value of maternal contact. Unlike females, neonatal amygdala lesions had little measurable effects on male mother–infant interactions. The source of this sex difference is unknown. © 2014Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1711–1722, 2014.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanorods for Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Trace Copper(II) Ions
Authors: Xu Li , Xia Jiexiang , Wang Leigang , Ji Haiyan , Qian Jing , Xu Hui , Wang Kun , Li Huaming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA metal‐free polymeric material, graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanorods, has been designed for photoelectrochemical detection of copper(II) ions. The g‐C3N4 nanorods have been fabricated by means of hydrothermally treated bulk g‐C3N4 using NH4Cl. The crystalline structure and the core chemical skeleton of g‐C3N4 do not alter after hydrothermal treatment using NH4Cl. The morphology of g‐C3N4 is changed from nanosheet to nanorod after hydrothermal treatment. The g‐C3N4 nanorods possess significant advantages of enhanced light absorption and charge separation, thereby resulting in an improvement in the photocurrent intensity. A photoelectrochemical sensor has been developed based on the g‐C3N4 nanorods. The results show that the designed sensor has high sensitivity as well as good selectivity for Cu2+ detection. The photoelectrochemical sensor provides a promising method for monitoring metal ions and opens a new avenue for the applications of g‐C3N4 nanorods.
EDTA and α‐tocopherol improve the chemical stability of astaxanthin loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers
Authors: Tamjidi Fardin , Shahedi Mohammad , Varshosaz Jaleh , Nasirpour Ali 
Published: July 2014

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as a promising delivery system have specific advantages over other nanocarriers for food applications. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different antioxidants on physical and chemical stability of NLC containing astaxanthin, a hydrophobic nutraceutical. Antioxidants (EDTA, ascorbic acid, α‐tocopherol, coenzyme Q10) were added to aqueous and/or lipid phases. Tween 80 and lecithin were utilized as stabilizers; NLC formulations were produced by melt emulsification‐sonication technique, and then stored at 35°C for 15 days. Except formulations with high levels of EDTA or ascorbic acid, others yielded small nanoparticles (Z‐average ≈ 94 nm) which were stable to growth during storage. Of these antioxidants, only EDTA and α‐tocopherol increased the stability of astaxanthin without causing physical instability, and EDTA was more efficient. The utilization of α‐tocopherol and EDTA in combination was more effective than using them individually. Storage temperature and artificial light had significant effects on the stability of astaxanthin in NLC. These results provide useful information for choosing antioxidants and storage conditions to further protection of nutraceuticals within NLC.Practical applications: Fortification of aqueous‐based foods with carotenoids is greatly restricted owing to their poor water‐solubility, chemical instability, and low bioavailability. NLC immobilize the encapsulated compounds effectively, and can improve their stability and bioavailability in aqueous‐based foods. However, pro‐oxidants can still decrease the chemical stability of NLC. Different antioxidants were employed to further increase the chemical stability of astaxanthin‐loaded NLC. It was found that degradation of astaxanthin in NLC could be significantly reduced by utilizing proper chelators and free radical scavengers. But, higher temperatures and light could still decrease the stability of astaxanthin. These results provide strong evidences for utilizing metal chelators and free radical scavengers in carotenoids‐loaded NLC, and for storing commercial foods and beverages fortified with these nanoparticles at low temperature and darkness.Degradation profiles of astaxanthin in astaxanthin‐NLC containing 100 ppm EDTA in aqueous phase and/or different concentrations of α‐tocopherol (in lipid phase) after production (on 0th day) and during storage at 35°C (n = 3).
Pain reduces discrimination in helping
Authors: van Leeuwen Esther , Ashton‐James Claire , Hamaker Ruben J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBecause of their shared neurobiological underpinnings, factors increasing physical pain can also increase feelings of social disconnection (“social pain”). Feelings of connection with a social group are reflected in the term social identification, and social identity is commonly associated with intergroup discrimination. In two experiments, we examined the notion that physical pain would reduce social identification and subsequently inhibit intergroup discrimination in helping. By using a pain memory manipulation and a support measure of helping in Study 1 (N = 173), and an actual pain manipulation combined with a behavioural measure of helping in Study 2 (N = 72), results from both studies confirmed the predictions. As expected, physical pain eliminated ingroup favouritism in helping, and identification mediated this effect in the ingroup condition but not in the outgroup condition. We discuss these findings in light of the apparently paradoxical relationship between social support and pain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐Solution‐Processed, Ambient Method for ITO‐Free, Roll‐Coated Tandem Polymer Solar Cells using Solution‐Processed Metal Films
Authors: Angmo Dechan , Dam Henrik F. , Andersen Thomas R. , Zawacka Natalia K. , Madsen Morten V. , Stubager Jørgen , Livi Francesco , Gupta Ritu , Helgesen Martin , Carlé Jon E. , Larsen‐Olsen Thue T. , Kulkarni Giridhar U. , Bundgaard Eva , Krebs Frederik C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA solution‐processed silver film is employed in the processing of top‐illuminated indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free polymer solar cells in single‐ and double‐junction (tandem) structures. The nontransparent silver film fully covers the substrate and serves as the bottom electrode whereas a PEDOT:PSS/Ag grid forms the semitransparent top electrode. All layers are roll‐coated/printed on a flexible substrate by using only two techniques: slot–die coating for up to 11 consecutive layers and flexo‐printing for the last Ag grid layer. The slot–die coated Ag film is compared to an evaporated Ag film in terms of surface morphological and topographical properties and to ITO in terms of flexibility. The slot–die coated Ag film demonstrates extremely low roughness (a root‐mean‐square roughness of 3 nm was measured over 240×320 μm2 area), is highly conductive (<1 Ω/□), highly flexible, and cost‐effective in comparison to other reported metal films applied in polymer solar cells. Such properties result in high fill factors exceeding 50 % in both single and tandem structures on large‐area devices (1 cm2) and the corresponding efficiencies exceed 2 %.