bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CircRNA for milk production in Kazakh horses
Authors: Shi Xiangyun , Chen Bin , Liu Wujun , Liu Lingling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Kazakh horses are a basic breed of Xinjiang horses with strong lactation ability. CircRNAs can be broadly involved in bioregulatory activities through a variety of mechanisms. However, there is relatively little literature on the expression of circRNAs in the milk fat of Ka-zakh horses. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the potential impact of circRNAs on Kazakh horses’ milk production during their mid-lactation period. To be more specific, the horses were di-vided into the higher-producing (H group) group and the lower-producing group (L group) based on their milk yield, in the middle of lactation. After 300 ml of milk was collected from each horse, RNAs from these milk samples were extracted and purified, and then analyzed with the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. The processed data was compared with the equine genome to select dif-ferentially expressed circRNAs, which are subject to subsequent functional studies. In the two groups, 257 upregulation and 79 downregulation differences in circRNAs were found, and 212 target genes were predicted. The genes (circRNA.12757/CSN1S1, circRNA.9870/ACSL1, circR-NA.9457/LGB1, circRNA.567/VPS13C) enriched by GO and KEGG were located in PPAR signaling pathways, circadian rhythm, insulin signaling pathways, and lactation signaling path-ways.
Cyanide-free copper electroplating using glycerol: modeling and simulation
Authors: Lima Lucas Franklin , Azevedo Ila Gabriele Diniz Dias , Magalhães Karen Giovanna Duarte , Pereira André Anderson Costa , Souza Carlson Pereira , Melo Raffael Andrade Costa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The electroplating of copper on Cu-Zn alloy substrates (brass) is normally carried out using alkaline cyanide baths. However, cyanide copper baths are toxic, requiring care with regard to the environment and the health of the worker. This work studies the modeling and optimization of the electrodeposition of copper on a brass substrate using an electrolytic bath containing cyanide-free glycerol. A central composite experimental design was carried out to evaluate the effects of the factors glycerol concentration, time and amperage on the process, with the cathodic current efficiency as the response. The tests were carried out in a Hull cell, a miniature unit of an industrial electrodeposition system. The results showed that the estimated model is predictive (R² equal to 0.9279), with the effects of the linear and quadratic terms of amperage, linear of glycerol concentration and the effects of interactions between glycerol concentration and time being significant. The best test resulted in a cathode current efficiency of 57% and an energy consumption of 234.40 kWh/kg, which represented the highest copper deposition and the lowest energy consumption. The deposits generated had a reddish orange color, characteristic of metallic copper, uniformity of the layer, levelness and brightness.
Third-party disability in family caregivers of disabled elderly after stroke based on ICF framework: a qualitative study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Yongqing , Gao Yili , Qin Jiawen , Liao Yang , Rong Xiaoshan , Yu Haiping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background In China, family care remains the main form of care for the disabled elderly. As the degree of disability of the disabled elderly increases, the challenges faced by family caregivers also increase. Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), it is essential to explore the third-party disability status of family caregivers of the disabled elderly after stroke and to understand the blocking factors, which will help to improve the quality of life of the family caregivers.
Methods This study was a qualitative descriptive study based on semi-structured face-to-face interviews. To explore the caring experience of 27 family caregivers of disabled elderly in Shanghai by purposive sampling. The Colaizzi 7-step analysis method was used to analyze the data and form themes. Finally, identify the elements of third-party disability for family caregivers.
Results Third-party disability among family caregivers of disabled elderly after stroke can be summarized into eight themes: physical health impairment, mental health impairment, increase in care tasks, estrangement of close relationships, termination of entertainment and social interaction, increasing economic pressure, lack of support system, care difficulties and needs.
Conclusions: Third-party disabilities are more severe among family caregivers of the disabled elderly. All sectors of society should attach great importance to the needs of family caregivers of the disabled elderly and address practical difficulties to achieve healthy aging.
Design and Analysis of Small Scale Essential Oil Steam Distillery for Better Energy Utilization
Authors: Kassie Tazebew Dires 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The essential oil industry, an agro-based sector, involves cultivation and distillation activities and can manufacture products using various methods. Steam distillation accounts for 93% of essential oil extraction, while the remaining 7% is extracted using other methods that employ thermal energy. In Ethiopia, the abundance of aromatic plant leaves has made essential oils a primary raw material for industries.
Steam distillation, a well-established technology, utilizes thermal energy in the extraction process. In this method, steam is produced in a satellite station (boiler) and fed to a still where the biomass is boiled to extract the oil. The extracted oil is then cooled in a condenser. The density difference method is used to separate the liquid mixture (water and oil) in a separator. The current steam distillation equipment experiences significant energy loss in the steam generator and waste water after oil separation.
This study aimed to design and manufacture a prototype of steam distillation equipment. The developed essential oil extraction plant was tested using eucalyptus leaves. The results showed that steam distillation yielded 0.188 kg or 15.5 mL of essential oil per batch from 10 kg of eucalyptus leaves with a total water volume of 20 liters. Additionally, the results indicated that the volume of essential oil increases with temperature while maintaining a constant heating time. Reducing pressure allowed for the extraction of essential oils at relatively lower temperatures and shorter heating times. Energy losses were minimized by recycling hot waste water back to the boiler and using improved biomass stoves.
A full body musculoskeletal simulation model for dynamic analysis of strength training using MATLAB tools
Authors: SERBEST KASIM 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study focuses on developing a simulation model using MATLAB Multibody tools to analyze the biomechanical effects of different strength training exercises on the musculoskeletal system. Unlike previous models that typically analyze single exercises or specific body regions, this model includes 45 segments and 44 joints when considering the fingers, with a total of 51 degrees of freedom. Basic exercises like dumbbell curl, dumbbell fly, pull up, push up, dumbbell bench press, and dumbbell back squat were simulated using this model. By analyzing motion data, the study calculated joint moments in shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joints, along with muscle forces in the biceps brachii. Comparisons with existing literature confirmed the utility of the model. Its flexible structure allows for dynamic analysis of various exercise movements and daily activities such as sit-to-stand, climbing steps, and walking. The model also holds potential for assessing rehabilitation processes by examining how recommended programs affect joint biomechanics, and for distinguishing biomechanical differences between patients and healthy individuals. Overall, it provides a robust framework for studying the impact of exercises on joint biomechanics and has wide-ranging applications in both research and practical settings.
Relocation of a Pregnant Uterine Horn Segment into the Contralateral Horn: An Exploratory Study in a Rat Model with Implications for Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Buskmiller Cara , Camilleri Christina , Sammut Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Ectopic pregnancy affects ~ 2% of pregnancies annually in the United States, with no current treatments allowing for the continuation of the pregnancy. Thus, this study sought to initiate an investigation into the potential design of a surgical technique, in an animal model, that could serve as a foundation for future research into the potential of relocating an ectopic embryo into the uterus at the human level.
Methods
Female Long-Evans rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Embryo Relocation (ER; n = 12; underwent embryo relocation surgery) and Normal Pregnancy (NP; n = 12; carried a normal pregnancy; no surgery). Eight rats/group were allowed to carry their pregnancy to term and deliver, while four had their uteri collected at the end of gestation. Briefly, for the ER group, a uterine horn containing 1–2 embryos was translocated to the contralateral horn, which had been incised and cleared of its contents, prior to being wrapped around the relocated horn. Rat weight, food consumption and vaginal impedance of the mothers were measured throughout the experiment. Ultrasounds were performed and fetal heart rates measured on day 20–21 of gestation. Additionally, rat weight of all offspring was measured at adulthood.
Results
Our findings indicate that, in the ER group, 15/15 (100%) of the relocated embryos had detectable heart rates at the end of gestation (within the normal range), 14/15 (93%) were delivered vaginally, and 12/14 (86%) survived until adulthood. A significant decrease in rat weight and food consumption was observed only on the day following surgery. Fertility was minimally impacted by surgery as indicated by vaginal impedance. Moreover, there was no significant difference between groups in average body weight of offspring at adulthood. Histological analysis indicated a thicker placenta in the ER group, attributable to the fetal part of the placenta, potentially indicating compensatory mechanisms.
Conclusion
Our findings reflect a successful transuterine embryo relocation followed by vaginal birth and survival of offspring to adulthood, in a rat model. Such findings lay the foundation for future preclinical research in higher animals, with potential implications on a procedure relevant to human ectopic embryo relocation.
Inoculating solid-state homogeneous precipitation by impurity atoms through a spinodal decomposition like pathway
Authors: Li Yanjun , Pan Shiwei , Li Chunan , Søreide Hanne-Sofie , Zhao Dongdong , Hatzoglou Constantinos , Qian Feng , Chen Long-Qing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Solid-state homogeneous precipitation of nano-sized precipitates is one of the most effective processes to strengthen metal alloys, where the final density and size distribution of precipitates are largely controlled by the precipitation kinetics. Here, we report a strategy to inoculate the homogeneous precipitation of coherent precipitates to enhance the precipitation strengthening. Using the technologically important dilute Al-Zr alloys as an example, we demonstrate that an addition of a trace level of economical and readily available, non-L12 phase forming impurity atoms, X (X= Sn, Sb, Bi or Cd) and Si, can significantly enhance the diffusivity of Zr atoms and overturn the precipitation of L12-structured Al3Zr nanoparticles from the classical homogeneous nucleation and growth pathway into a nonclassical nucleation pathway: Al3Zr forms through the spontaneous formation of nano-scale local concentration fluctuations of Zr atoms on Zr-X(-Si)-vacancy clusters followed by a continuous increase of the concentration and chemical short-range ordering (CSRO). Such an impurity atoms induced heterogeneous nucleation based on a “spinodal decomposition like” mechanism dramatically accelerates the precipitation kinetics, leading to an order of magnitude higher number density of precipitates and a record high hardening efficiency of solute Zr atoms. By formulating the generalized selection principles for inoculating impurity elements, this inoculation strategy should be extendable to a broader range of materials to further explore the precipitation strengthening potentials.
Specialty Choices Among the New Generation of Doctors: Preferences and Priorities
Authors: Kupis Robert , Michalik Beniamin , Polak Maciej , Kulbat Mateusz , Domagała Alicja 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The choice of medical specialty for future doctors is a multidimensional issue, associated with many factors. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the specialty choices of doctors entering the Polish healthcare system.
Methods
A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted from May until August 2023. The data was gathered via an online nationwide survey among recent medical school graduates. We explored respondents’ preferences regarding medical specialties (in two categories: surgical and non-surgical), and the factors that drive their choices. The U-Mann Whitney test was used to compare the distribution of 19 analysed factors (between analysed categorical variables), and the chi-squared test was used if a trend was not observed.
Results
A total of 737 responses were collected, and 698 were included in the study. The respondents (60.5% female) preferred non-surgical specialties over surgical ones. The main factors influencing doctors’ choices were remuneration, the ability to maintain work-life balance, interest in the medical field, the ability to start a private practice, skills possessed, and doctor-patient interactions. Surgically-inclined doctors emphasised the future financial benefits and prestige, as well as their interests and potential mentors. On the contrary, doctors who chose non-surgical specialities prioritised work-life balance, mental burden, and legal liability.
Conclusions
The study sheds light on the specialty preferences of “Gen Z” doctors. It provides information on factors considered while planning one’s career by young physicians. The youngest generation values a healthy work-life balance, and their non-professional life remains crucial. This evidence is important for the education and development of the health workforce.
Warmer Winter Under Climate Change Would Reshape the Winter Subsurface Drainage Pattern in Eastern Canada: A Bio-Physical Modeling and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: li ziwei , qi Zhiming , Xu Junzeng , Liu Yuchen , Smith Ward N. , Vanderzaag Andrew , Fuller Keith , Zhang Tiequan , Li Birk , Cheng Haomiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Subsurface drainage is a key loss pathway for water and nutrients from agricultural land in Eastern Canada. Winter is presently a dominant period of subsurface drainage and nutrient loss in cold climates. Under climate change, however, future winter drainage patterns may change significantly due to reductions of snow cover and soil freezing. This study evaluated the performance of the RZ-SHAW model and four machine-learning (ML) models in simulating winter subsurface drainage for five sites in Eastern Canada. The calibrated/trained RZ-SHAW and ML models were then applied to predicted future climate (high emission scenario: RCP8.5) spanning from 1950 to 2100 to comprehend the potential alteration in winter drainage patterns under global warming. Among ML models, the Cubist and SVM-RBF models emerged as the most accurate, offering competing short-term simulation capabilities compared to the RZ-SHAW modelwith lower computational demand. Simulation by both the RZ-SHAW and ML models predict a significant increase in winter drainage volume and frequency by the end of the 21st century (1950-2005 vs. 2070-2100) (RZ-SHAW: 243 mm to 328 mm (+35%); 75.5 days to 102.9 days (+45%), ML models: 250 mm to 425 mm (+70%); 121.9 days to 129.2 days (+8%)). RZ-SHAW simulated a shift towards a more evenly spread drainage pattern throughout the winter months from baseline to the end of the century. This shift was driven by the simulated shorter snow coverage periods, advancement of snowmelt timing, and fewer days of freezing soil. Thus, the timing of peak and trough winter drainage is expected to reverse, with February becoming the peak month and April the lowest by century's end.
Combination therapy of dydrogesterone and progesterone together with folic acid in the treatment of recurrent abortion on the outcome of Re-pregnancy
Authors: wang Xia , Yuan Wen , Yang Juan , Star Sparkle 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the impact of combining dydrogesterone and progesterone with folic acid in the treatment of recurrent abortion on re-pregnancy outcomes. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 94 women with recurrent abortion admitted between June 2020 and July 2022. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (treated with progesterone and folic acid) and a research group (treated with dydrogesterone, progesterone, and folic acid). Clinical effectiveness, adverse effects, serum cytokine levels, T lymphocyte subsets, endometrial parameters, and uterine artery perfusion indices were evaluated, along with pregnancy outcomes. The research group exhibited a significantly higher overall effective rate (89.36%) compared to the control group (70.21%). Both groups showed a reduction in interferon (IFN) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and an increase in IL-10 levels post-treatment (P < 0.05). The research group showed higher Treg/CD4 + levels, better endometrial thickness, and fewer adverse reactions (8.51% vs. 23.40%) compared to the control group. The success rate of fetal preservation was higher in the research group (82.98%) compared to the control group (59.57%). The combination of dydrogesterone and progesterone with folic acid effectively improves the success rate of fetal preservation, modulates T lymphocyte levels, reduces inflammatory factors, and enhances endometrial receptivity, positively influencing pregnancy outcomes in cases of recurrent abortion.
New Benchmarks in Ground-Effect Flight Energy Efficiency
Authors: Suppes Adam , Suppes Galen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Digital prototypes of a new ground-effect aircraft platform were evaluated to compare respective energy efficiencies to established alternatives. The platform uses a lower cavity similar to a hovercraft, but with design features to better utilize air’s dynamic pressure to sustain flight. Strategic technologies include lower-cavity fences to block lateral losses of lift pressures and a leading section stagnation point that splits air flow both to generate pressure in the cavity and to create induced thrust on the vehicle’s forward section.
Three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation of digital prototypes achieved lift-drag ratios (L/D) in excess of 60 for vehicles with aspect ratios less than 1.0. This paper details the technology and methods; thereby, establishing benchmark performances that provide a foundation for potentially advancing ground-effect flight technology.
Synthesis and properties of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
Authors: Aizina Yu. A. , Tkachuk D. O. , Shaglaeva N. S. 
Published: July 2024

The present work continues a systematic study to find efficient and accessible methods for the synthesis ofN-sulfonylimines of polyhaloaldehydes and to analyze their properties. In the reaction of N,N-dichlorobenzene sulfon-amide with tribromoethylene, N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)amide of 4-chlorobenzenesulfonic acid was obtained for the first time with a quantitative yield at boiling water bath temperature in carbon tetrachloride medium. The infrared spectra of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide reveal the absorption bands of sulfonic (1360 and 1165 cm-1) and NH (3275 cm-1) groups, while the 1H NMR spectra show a signal for azomethine protons within the region of 8.3–8.6 ppm. The 13C NMR spectra exhibit a signal for the CBr3 group within the region of ~31–43 ppm, while the signal characteristic of the CBr2Сl group within the region of ~53–56 ppm is absent. This means that no imine of dibromochloroacetic aldehyde is formed during the reaction. Thus, an efficient method for the synthesis of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide was developed, and the chemoselectivity of this reaction was found to depend on the process temperature. It was shown that N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide has amidoalkylating properties. A reaction of N-(2,2,2-tribromoethylidene)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide with benzene, toluene, anisole, and 2-chlorothiophene in the presence of an acid catalyst yielded p-substituted aromatic derivatives and 2,5-substituted thiophene derivatives. Infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C) revealed that the substitution reaction proceeds regioselectively. All the obtained products were isolated in pure form as powders soluble in polar organic solvents and insoluble in water. The yields of 4-chloro-N-(1-phenyl-2,2,2-tribromoethyl)-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methylphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzenesulfonamide, 4-chloro-N-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,2,2-tribromoethyl]-benzene-sulfonamide, and 4-chloro-N-[2,2,2-tribromoethyl-1-(5-chloro-2-thienyl)ethyl]-benzenesulfonamide amounted to 74, 72, 64, and 74 %, respectively.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3-Triazole Appended Benzothiazinone Derivatives via Click Chemistry
Authors: Akolkar Satish V. , Shaikh Mubarak H. , Nagargoje Amol A. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Damale Manoj G. , Shingate Bapurao B. 
Published: July 2024

:
We have created novel 1,2,3-triazole-based benzothiazinone derivatives in the
current work. The produced compounds' in vitro antioxidant, antifungal, and antitubercular
properties were assessed. Moreover, a simulated molecular docking analysis was conducted
on the cytochrome P450 lanosterol 14α-demethylase active site to elucidate the enzyme's
binding affinity and interactions with synthesised benzothiazinone derivatives. A notable
correlation between these compounds' antifungal activity and binding score was indicated
by molecular docking data. The synthetic 1,2,3-triazole-based benzothiazinone derivatives
may satisfy the structural criteria for creating novel antifungal drugs, according to the results
of the in vitro and in silico investigations.