bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De postinitiële masteropleiding tot wetgevingsjurist: opzet, resultaten en toekomst
Authors: Florijn N.A. 
Published: March 2015

De postinitiële masteropleiding tot wetgevingsjurist: opzet, resultaten en toekomst
De opleiding tot wetgevingsjurist van de Academie voor Wetgeving was ingericht om te voldoen aan een indertijd gevoelde behoefte. De inmiddels behaalde resultaten zijn goed, maar is de opleiding nog steeds nuttig? Er kunnen namelijk vragen worden gesteld over de inhoud van het wetgevingsonderwijs, terwijl ook de rol en functie van wetgevingsjuristen veranderen. Het verdient daarom aanbeveling om opnieuw na te gaan hoe tegenwoordig wetgevingsjuristen feitelijk hun werk doen en resultaten bereiken. Daarna moet worden bepaald in welke opzichten wetgevingsjuristen opleiding behoeven om ervoor te zorgen dat zij hun werk kritisch en constructief kunnen doen. De opleiding kan zich dan tegelijk met de wetgevingsfunctie en de wetenschappelijke studie van wetgeving ontwikkelen en daarmee haar nut voor de toekomst bewijzen.
Ruimte krijgen en ruimte nemen
Authors: de Kok D.R.P. 
Published: March 2015

Ruimte krijgen en ruimte nemen. De onwenselijkheid van ruime delegatiebepalingen naar aanleiding van de nieuwe zorgwet
Eind 2014 sneuvelde de nieuwe zorgwet van minister Schippers in de Eerste Kamer. De fractievoorzitters van de coalitiepartijen suggereerden vervolgens dat de regering dan misschien maar een algemene maatregel van bestuur zou moeten opstellen om de beoogde maatregelen alsnog door te voeren. De basis daarvoor zou worden gevormd door een zeer ruim geformuleerde delegatiebepaling in de Zorgverzekeringswet. Deze suggestie leidde tot veel commotie, zowel binnen het parlement als daarbuiten, omdat het parlement blijkbaar zomaar opzij zou kunnen worden gezet door de regering. Dit artikel gaat in op dergelijke algemene delegatiebepalingen aan de hand van twee casus: de delegatiebepaling in de Zorgverzekeringswet en de eveneens zeer algemene vrijstellingsmogelijkheid in de Meststoffenwet. Bij beide casus wordt eerst besproken hoe de desbetreffende bepaling recentelijk dreigde te worden, respectievelijk werd ingezet. Vervolgens wordt bezien hoe deze delegatiebepalingen in de wet terecht zijn gekomen: wat is er in de wetsgeschiedenis over gewisseld. Ten slotte worden conclusies getrokken over de wenselijkheid van dergelijke bepalingen en hoe ermee zou moeten worden omgegaan als ze er eenmaal zijn.
Wat kunnen we leren van de adviezen van de Raad van State?
Authors: Bouwes M.Tj. 
Published: March 2015

Wat kunnen we leren van de adviezen van de Raad van State?
De adviezen van de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State zijn een goede maatstaf voor de kwaliteit van wetsvoorstellen en algemene maatregelen van bestuur die op de ministeries worden voorbereid. Aan de hand van een aantal horizontale thema’s (zoals motivering van stelselwijzigingen of de introductie van nieuwe bevoegdheden, de reactie op externe adviezen of uitvoeringstoetsen, de inschatting van de effectiviteit van het voorstel) is een analyse gemaakt van de adviezen van de Afdeling in 2013 en eerste helft van 2014. In deze bijdrage worden enige algemene lijnen getrokken, gewezen op de risico’s van slechte wetgeving en aangegeven hoe de kwaliteit van wetsvoorstellen en de motivering van gemaakte keuzes kunnen worden verbeterd.
Edge‐based event‐triggered output feedback control for stochastic multi‐agent systems
Authors: Zhu Chuanxi , Chang Beibei 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis article considers the problem of edge‐based event‐triggered output feedback control for linear multi‐agent systems (MASs) with state‐independent process and measurement noise under undirected communication topologies. The main breakthroughs are the design of distributed event‐triggered output feedback control strategy and the stochastic stability analysis. Toward this, first, according to Kalman filtering theory, An observer is contrasted to optimally estimate the state of each agent. Next, a novel edge‐based event‐triggered mechanism (EBETM) is designed to reduce the communication frequency among agents effectively, and a positive interval between events is enforced in EBETM, which can eliminate the Zeno behavior. Then, stability of the estimation error and the consensus error systems is analyzed, the execution error is estimated and the almost sure consensus is achieved. Finally, a numerical example is given to show that MASs achieves almost sure consensus and there is a positive interval between the events of all edges.
Mechanically Robust and Thermal Insulating Silica/Aramid Nanofiber Composite Aerogel Fibers with Dual Networks for Fire‐Resistant and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Li Jia , Hu Xiangning , Pan Yao , Qian Jin , Qiang Zhe , Meng Zheyi , Ye Changhuai , Zhu Meifang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAerogel fibers, known for their lightweight and exceptional thermal insulation properties, provide an ideal material solution for fabricating triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) for self‐powered wearable electronics in extreme environments, such as firefighting gear. However, current aerogel fibers face limitations due to their poor mechanical properties and lack of performance stability under harsh conditions. Herein, a facile strategy for preparing silica/aramid nanofiber (ANF) composite aerogel fibers with interpenetrated dual networks and a silica‐dominant component (≈64 wt.%) is demonstrated; the unique structure and composition endow the composite aerogel fibers with high tensile strength (3.4 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.033 W (m·K)−1), a large specific surface area (587 m2 g−1), and outstanding fire resistance at 95% porosity, combining the best properties of both ANF and silica aerogel. Moreover, the composite aerogel fibers exhibit excellent mechanical flexibility at extremely low temperatures (−196 °C) and maintain structural integrity even when exposed to flame for up to 5 min. Leveraging these exceptional properties, composite aerogel fiber‐based TENGs show high electrical output performance before and after combustion (>94% retention). The fabrication strategy offers promising opportunities for modulating the properties and functionalities of aerogel fibers on demand, holding great potential for future applications in wearable smart protective fabrics for extreme environments.
Reconfigurable Metasurface with Multiple Functionalities of Frequency‐Selective Rasorber, Frequency‐Selective Surface, Absorber, and Reflector
Authors: Yang Rui , Luo Zhangjie , Liang Jing Cheng , Dai Jun Yan , Cheng Qiang , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMulti‐functional metasurfaces have shown great promise in tackling complex electromagnetic issues. Reconfigurable frequency‐selective Rasorbers (FSRs) have recently received growing attraction, but existing designs are constrained in their switchable modes, typically limited to FSR/Absorber or FSR/frequency‐selective surface (FSS). To address this limitation, a new metasurface that integrates four different functioning modes, including FSR, FSS, Absorber, and Reflector is proposed, which can be dynamically switched as demanded. The design is based on the theoretical network model analysis, and its intriguing performances are verified through simulations and experiments both in frequency and time domains. The results show that the FSR and Absorber modes exhibit wide low‐scattering bandwidths with narrow transmission windows that can be turned on or off. These two modes also eliminate the sputtering effect, making it suitable for stealth applications. In contrast, the Reflector mode is efficient in blocking microwaves across a broad spectrum, and a transmission window can be opened in the FSS mode. It is believed this multi‐functional metasurface can serve as a radome to protect against various challenges such as detection, interference, and high‐power invasion.
Solution Processable Phototransistors with Ultra‐High Responsivity Enabled by Hierarchical Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene) Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Bahrami Zahra , Schnittker Kevin , Adi Wihan , Beisenova Aidana , Yesilkoy Filiz , Thompson Dakotah , Andrews Joseph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotodetectors are a key sensing component in enabling emerging technologies. For weak light detection, phototransistors with high responsivity are needed. Furthermore, the ability to fabricate phototransistors using solution processing techniques will enable new form factors, including flexible and large‐area devices. In this work, a novel approach for synthesizing a photosensitive organic/inorganic hybrid semiconducting thin film through solution processing is introduced. The approach involves hierarchical patterning of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐dyl) (P3HT) through solution‐phase heterogeneous crystallization. The fabricated hybrid phototransistors are qualified through electrical testing at varied illumination profiles within the visible light range. At a wavelength of 470 nm with an optical excitation power of 0.37 µW cm−2, the device exhibits photoresponsivity of 3.53 × 105 AW−1, surpassing other solution‐processed, non‐lead‐containing devices in the literature. The optical response extends from both photogating (low excitation power) and photon‐induced carrier generation (high excitation power). The detectivity of the device is ≈8.7 × 1010 Jones. The transient response includes a rise time of 100 ms and a fall time of 200 ms which is similar to the metrics of other low‐dimensional photodetectors. These findings highlight the prospects of the solution‐processed P3HT/semi‐CNT hybrid platform for advanced photodetection applications with flexible and large‐area form factors.
Multimodal Benefits of a Bimodal Boron Difluoride Complex: Decrypting the Ferroptosis‐Induced Micropolarity‐Alteration, LD‐ER Intimacy, and Steatosis Monitoring
Authors: Chakraborty Barsha , Dutta Tanoy , Koner Apurba Lal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCommunication between subcellular organelles is crucial for a synchronized cellular response which drives the search for chemical tools to simultaneously visualize dual organelles to unveil these dynamic interactions. A polarity‐sensitive dual organelle targeting dioxaborine derivative, namely DOBEL, which stains lipid droplets (LDs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) simultaneously is introduced. This report is the first to demonstrate how the intrinsic difference in micropolarity drives the visualization of LDs in the green channel while ER in the red channel involves a single probe. The in situ emission spectra inside these organelles allow polarity quantification, further leading to deciphering the unique microenvironments in different cell lines. Exploiting ratiometric fluorescence imaging revealed how the micropolarity inside both LDs and ER alters during Ferroptosis. Altogether, DOBEL can be used as a superior imaging tool for monitoring LD‐ER interaction during regular status and ferroptosis‐related diseases in living cells.
Low‐Temperature Stable CsPbI2Br Perovskite for Solar Photovoltaics and Blue Photodetection
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Chen Xiang , Pan Xiaoxin , Wu Yongcheng , Wei Jiayun , Tang Jie , Pan Jie , Huang Zhijia , Qu Haohan , Huang Cheng , Wei Zhengrong , Zhang Jun , Duan Jinxia , Wang Hao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs an inorganic halide perovskite (IHP), CsPbI2Br has generated enormous publicity due to its suitable optical bandgap (≈1.92 eV) and thermal stability. Unfortunately, the terrible phase stability of CsPbI2Br film will cause a phase change in a wet environment and decelerate light response, seriously hindering the progression of IHP photovoltaics. Herein, a synergistic postmodification strategy with CsBr and MABr to achieve high‐quality CsPbI2Br film at a low‐temperature (≈150 °C) and positive perovskite/carbon interface is presented. Adding a small amount of MABr can promote the crystallization of perovskite. The evaporated CsBr accumulates on the grain boundaries and surface of CsPbI2Br and forms Br‐rich perovskite, which provides the protection of CsPbI2Br and segregation of water vapor. The carbon‐based perovskite solar cell (C‐PeSC) with the modified CsPbI2Br harvests a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.04%. Notably, the unpackaged cell maintains 81% of its original PCE after being stored for 21 days in an air atmosphere with 25–35% humidity. Flexible devices are further manufactured, whose PCE drops to 90% of the initial value during 150 bending cycles. The flexible device also exhibits excellent blue photodetection performances. The maximum responsivity and detection reach 0.68 A W−1 and 8.91 × 1012 Jones, respectively. These findings provide broader avenues for flexible IHP in multifunctional devices.
The Landscape of Smart Biomaterial‐Based Hydrogen Therapy
Authors: Xu Min , Wu Gege , You Qing , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogen (H2) therapy is an emerging, novel, and safe therapeutic modality that uses molecular hydrogen for effective treatment. However, the impact of H2 therapy is limited because hydrogen molecules predominantly depend on the systemic administration of H2 gas, which cannot accumulate at the lesion site with high concentration, thus leading to limited targeting and utilization. Biomaterials are developed to specifically deliver H2 and control its release. In this review, the development process, stimuli‐responsive release strategies, and potential therapeutic mechanisms of biomaterial‐based H2 therapy are summarized. H2 therapy. Specifically, the produced H2 from biomaterials not only can scavenge free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), but also can inhibit the danger factors of initiating diseases, including pro‐inflammatory cytokines, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and heat shock protein (HSP). In addition, the released H2 can further act as signal molecules to regulate key pathways for disease treatment. The current opportunities and challenges of H2‐based therapy are discussed, and the future research directions of biomaterial‐based H2 therapy for clinical applications are emphasized.
Dewdrop Metasurfaces and Dynamic Control Based on Condensation and Evaporation
Authors: Jia Runqi , Jing Yongxin , Chu Hongchen , Peng Ruwen , Wang Mu , Lai Yun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDewdrops, the droplets of water naturally occurring on leaves and carapaces of insects, are a fascinating phenomenon in nature. Here, a man‐made array of dewdrops with arbitrary shapes and arrangements, which can function as an electromagnetic metasurface, is demonstrated. The realization of the dewdrop array is enabled by a surface covered by a tailored pattern of hydrophilic and hydrophobic coatings, where tiny droplets of water can aggregate and form dewdrops on the former. Interestingly, this metasurface made of dewdrops can be modulated by the condensation and evaporation process. By increasing relative humidity and decreasing temperature, the dewdrop metasurface is gradually formed with increasing amounts of water. While the reverse operation can make it completely disappear. This idea is demonstrated through two examples with different functions of dynamically controllable microwave absorption and scattering. The work shows a principle to construct functional electromagnetic devices with dewdrops, as well as a mechanism of dynamic control based on condensation and evaporation, promising unprecedented applications.
Targeting Bacteria‐Induced Ferroptosis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Promote the Repair of Infected Bone Defects
Authors: Yuan Kai , Yang Yiqi , Lin Yixuan , Zhou Feng , Huang Kai , Yang Shengbing , Kong Weiqing , Li Fupeng , Kan Tianyou , Wang Yao , Cheng Caiqi , Liang Yakun , Chang Haishuang , Huang Jie , Ao Haiyong , Yu Zhifeng , Li Hanjun , Liu Yihao , Tang Tingting 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe specific mechanisms underlying bacteria‐triggered cell death and osteogenic dysfunction in host bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remain unclear, posing a significant challenge to the repair of infected bone defects. This study identifies ferroptosis as the predominant cause of BMSCs death in the infected bone microenvironment. Mechanistically, the bacteria‐induced activation of the innate immune response in BMSCs leads to upregulation and phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), thus facilitating IRF7‐dependent ferroptosis of BMSCs through the transcriptional upregulation of acyl‐coenzyme A synthetase long‐chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Moreover, it is found that intervening in ferroptosis can partially rescue cell injuries and osteogenic dysfunction. Based on these findings, a hydrogel composite 3D‐printed scaffold is designed with reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive release of antibacterial quaternized chitosan and sustained delivery of the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1), capable of eradicating pathogens and promoting bone regeneration in a rat model of infected bone defects. Together, this study suggests that ferroptosis of BMSCs is a promising therapeutic target for infected bone defect repair.
Multimodal Intelligent Flooring System for Advanced Smart‐Building Monitoring and Interactions
Authors: Chen Yuqi , Hong Jianlong , Xiao Yukun , Zhang Huiyun , Wu Jun , Shi Qiongfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe floor constitutes one of the largest areas within a building with which users interact most frequently in daily activities. Employing floor sensors is vital for smart‐building digital twins, wherein triboelectric nanogenerators demonstrate wide application potential due to their good performance and self‐powering characteristics. However, their sensing stability, reliability, and multimodality require further enhancement to meet the rapidly evolving demands. Thus, this work introduces a multimodal intelligent flooring system, implementing a 4 × 4 floor array for multimodal information detection (including position, pressure, material, user identity, and activity) and human–machine interactions. The floor unit incorporates a hybrid structure of triboelectric pressure sensors and a top‐surface material sensor, facilitating linear and enhanced sensitivity across a wide pressure range (0–800 N), alongside the material recognition capability. The floor array is implemented by an advanced output‐ratio method with minimalist output channels, which is insensitive to environmental factors such as humidity and temperature. In addition to multimodal sensing, energy harvesting is co‐designed with the pressure sensors for scavenging waste energy to power smart‐building sensor nodes. This developed flooring system enables multimodal sensing, energy harvesting, and smart‐sport interactions in smart buildings, greatly expanding the floor sensing scenarios and applications.
Enhancing Device Performance with High Electron Mobility GeSn Materials
Authors: Junk Yannik , Concepción Omar , Frauenrath Marvin , Sun Jingxuan , Bae Jin Hee , Bärwolf Florian , Mai Andreas , Hartmann Jean‐Michel , Grützmacher Detlev , Buca Dan , Zhao Qing‐Tai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs transistors continue to shrink, the need to replace silicon with materials of higher carrier mobilities becomes imperative. Group‐IV semiconductors, and particularly GeSn alloys, stand out for their high electron and hole mobilities, making them attractive for next‐generation electronics. While Ge p‐channel devices already possess a high hole mobility, here the focus is on enhancing n‐channel transistor performance by utilizing the superior electron mobility of GeSn as channel material. Vertical gate‐all‐around nanowire (GAA NW) transistors are fabricated using epitaxial GeSn heterostructures that leverage the material growth, in situ doping, and band engineering across source/channel/drain regions. It is demonstrated that increasing Sn content in GeSn alloys constantly improves the device performances, reaching a fivefold on‐current improvement over standard Ge devices for 11 at.% Sn content. The present results underline the real potential of the GeSn alloys to bring performance and energy efficiency to future nanoelectronics applications.
Effects of calcium amendments on hydraulic conductivity and sodium content of brine‐impacted soils
Authors: Peterson A. R. , DeSutter T. M. , Daigh A. L. M. , Meehan M. A. , Derby N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh concentrations of sodium chloride dominate oilfield produced waters (brine) of the Williston Basin. When accidental spills of produced waters occur, there is an immediate need to reduce concentrations of chloride, to protect surface and groundwater systems and to reduce concentrations of sodium (Na) in soil to prevent any unwanted swelling and dispersion in soil. Swelling and dispersion of soils will likely occur if sodium adsorption ratio values are too high and the electrical conductivity drops below a certain threshold that is required to maintain flocculation. To prevent this, a calcium (Ca) amendment can be applied to replace Na with Ca on soil exchange sites. Historically, gypsum has been the most common Ca amendment used for improving brine impacted soils. Flue gas desulfurization gypsum is available in North Dakota but is still a sparingly soluble amendment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of calcium acetate (Ca‐Ac) as an amendment for brine‐impacted soils as compared to gypsum. Ca‐Ac has a similar concentration of Ca compared to gypsum but is over 100 times more soluble than gypsum. This laboratory experiment will compare how varying levels of gypsum and Ca‐Ac can influence soil hydraulic conductivity, and chemical and physical properties when mixed with oilfield brine‐impacted soils.
The impact of adopting sustainable agricultural practices with or without chemical pesticides on farmers' technical efficiency: Evidence from rural Burkina Faso
Authors: Maré Tobignaré Florent , Zahonogo Pam , Savadogo Kimseyinga 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the impact of adopting sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) with or without chemical pesticides on farmers' technical efficiency. We compared three groups of farmers: nonadopters, those adopting SAPs and using chemical pesticides, and those adopting SAPs in the pesticide‐free mode. The study data covered 1912 rural households in Burkina Faso for the 2016–2017 agricultural season. We used an endogenous frontier model and a matching method to address sample selection for both observables and unobservables. The results show that the adoption of pesticide‐free SAPs reduces technical inefficiency compared with the practice of adopting SAPs with pesticides and nonadoption of SAPs. However, our findings show that compared with the nonadoption of SAPs, adoption of SAPs with chemical pesticides did not have a significant effect on technical efficiency. For more efficient and sustainable agriculture, policies should further promote SAPs while advancing biological pest management techniques, as opposed to the use of chemical pesticides. [EconLit Citations: Q1, Q12, Q15, Q16, Q56].