bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Functional Outcomes in Chinese Patients Within the First Year After Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Analysis from China National Stroke Registry
Authors: Wang Wen‐Juan , Lu Jing‐Jing , Wang Yong‐Jun , Wang Chun‐Xue , Wang Yi‐Long , Hoff Kolin , Yang Zhong‐Hua , Liu Li‐Ping , Wang An‐Xin , Zhao Xing‐Quan ,   on behalf of the investigators for the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR)
Published: September 2012

SummaryAimsThe aim of this study was to understand the association between clinical characteristics, medical management, and functional outcomes in Chinese patients with nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsThe China National Stroke Registry (CNSR) was a prospective cohort study that included 132 Chinese hospitals. Logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors associated with poor outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months, post‐ICH onset.ResultsThree thousand two hundred fifty five ICH patients with follow‐up information up to 1 year post‐ICH were included in this study. 49.1%, 47.1%, and 46.0% of ICH patients had poor outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Age, admission systolic blood pressure, admission Glasgow Coma Score, hematoma volume, withdrawal of support, and complication of gastrointestinal hemorrhage were associated with poor outcomes at 3 and 12 months. Stroke unit care was associated with good outcome at 3 months. Intensive care unit (ICU)/Neurology ICU care was associated with poor outcome at 3 months.ConclusionThis is the first report of long‐term functional outcomes in ICH patients from mainland China. Our study elucidates the risk factors that may influence functional outcomes post‐ICH and therefore facilitate the development of management strategies to improve ICH care in China.
Climate Disruption: Are We Beyond the Worst Case Scenario?
Authors: Jennings Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe inability of world governments to agree on and implement effective mitigation response policy for anthropogenic climate change has resulted in the continuation of an exponential growth in greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) that averages 3.1 per cent per year since 1870. With the exception of 2009, world GHG emission levels surpassed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2000) worst case scenario every year since 2004. Because of increasing temperatures due to GHG emissions a suite of amplifying feedback mechanisms, such as massive methane leaks from the sub‐sea Arctic Ocean, have engaged and are probably unstoppable. These processes, acting in concert with the biological and physical inertia of the Earth system in responding to atmospheric loading of GHGs, along with economic, political and social barriers to emission reduction, currently place Earth’s climate trajectory well within the IPCC’s A1FI future climate change scenario. There is a rapidly diminishing chance of altering this trajectory as time goes on. There is also now a very real risk of sudden climate change. The pace of this quickly advancing situation, along with our scientific understanding of it, has substantially outstripped policy discussion. This article examines current primary science literature and data on today’s climate condition in a policy relevant context.Policy Implications

An all out shift to a broad range of adaptive response policies is urgently needed. Climate change will force reevaluations of present day governance agreements on trade, finance, food supply, security, development, environment, and similar sectors.

Easy to understand scientific data driven visualizations and culturally appropriate interpretations of probable future conditions are needed to facilitate realistic adaptive policy responses from all levels of governance.

Multilateral policies for an international crop seed cooperative could significantly lessen the impacts of crop failures and low yields, reducing the risk of famine and economic effects of unstable food prices. There is a need to store a large enough volume of crop seed varieties to allow for quick switching of varieties one year to the next based on dynamic forecasts of seasonal climates.

Harmonization of international, national, subnational, and local policies for the orderly resettlement of coastal populations should begin now. This will become a chronic condition involving very large numbers of people. Improved and coordinated policies are needed for refugee services and related issues of migration and integration as well as planning for land use change and infrastructure development.
Anti‐aquaporin 4 antibody binding character in clinical subtypes of neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Nagaishi Akiko , Tani Takashi , Takagi Mineo , Tanaka Masami , Sakimura Kenji , Matsui Makoto , Tanaka Keiko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesNMO‐IgG/anti‐aquaporin 4 antibody (AQP4‐Ab) is a specific diagnostic marker for neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Several clinical phenotypes exist in AQP4‐Ab‐positive patients, such as typical neuromyelitis optica, limited symptoms of myelitis or optic neuritis. The mechanisms responsible for these differences remain poorly understood. We investigated the difference of AQP4‐ab binding reactivity among clinical subtypes of AQP4‐Ab‐posive NMO cases using 3 kinds of AQP4 proteins.MethodsIndirect immunofluorescence staining was utilized to measure the binding intensities of AQP4‐Ab to each of the AQP4‐transfected HEK 293 cells, including human, mouse, and rat AQP4 (hAQP4, mAQP4, and rAQP4), each has one amino acid substitution at the extracellular domain of AQP4 protein and is speculated to show some different characters as the antigen epitope. Serum samples from 24 AQP4‐Ab positive patients, including six patients each from three adult onset groups and child‐onset group (group C), were collected. The adult‐onset patients were assigned to groups: NMO – typical neuromyelitis optica; ON – relapsing optic neuritis; M – relapsing myelitis.ResultsAll adult onset groups exhibited decreased staining intensities to mAQP4 expressing cells. All groups reacted extensively with rAQP4 expressing cells. The patients with longer duration in group ON exhibited greater staining intensity with rAQP4 expressing cells, and the reverse phenomenon was observed in group M.ConclusionsAQP4‐Abs from each adult‐onset group were considered to produce the antibodies recognizing different epitopes at least at the initial stage, and that could be a determinant of the various clinical subtypes of AQP4‐related NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs).
THE METEORITE CRATER OF TALEMZANE IN SOUTHERN ALGERIA (CN =+ 0041,333)*
Authors: KARPOFF ROMAN , Brady L. F. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA striking crater in southern Algeria, called Talemzane, is described as being probably of meteoritic origin, even though no meteoritic material has as yet been found in its vicinity. Several other hypotheses to account for its features are discussed and rejected.
METEORITICAL AND OTHER GREAT‐CIRCLE PROBLEMS*
Authors: LEONARD FREDERICK C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, which is really a continuation of two previously published papers, the following great‐circle problems are solved: (1) to find the coördinates of the poles of a great circle: third and analytic method; (2) to find the coördinates of the common nodes of two given great circles: second and analytic method; (3) to find the equation of the great circle passing thru a given point in a given direction with respect to the meridian passing thru that point; (4) to find the inclination of a great circle to the equator, and the angular distance of a given point on the great circle from the given nearer equatorial node of the great circle; (5) to find the length of the projection of a given arc of a given great circle on the equator; (6) to find the equation of the great circle passing thru a given point and making a given acute angle with a given great circle; (7) to find the longitude of the equatorial node nearer to the midpoint of the arc of the great circle passing thru two given points; the inclination of the great circle to the equator; and the angular distance between the two given points; (8) to find (a) the angle between the meridian, and (b) that between the parallel of latitude passing thru a given point on a given great circle, and the great circle; and (9) to find the maximum difference between the hypotenuse and a side of a spherical right triangle, inclined to each other at a given angle, as they vary in length from 0° to 90°. Special cases of six of the forenamed nine problems—i.e., nos. (1), (2), (4), (5), (6), and (9)—which are encountered in either meteoric or spherical astronomy, likewise are discussed. In an addendum, several errata in §13 of the second paper on great‐circle problems are corrected.
METEORITE‐SECTIONING EQUIPMENT AT THE INSTITUTE OF METEORITICS
Authors: LAPAZ LINCOLN 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIllustrated descriptions are given of the power saws used at the Institute of Meteoritics of the University of New Mexico for sectioning meteorites. Details of construction and performance, and photographs of sections cut from the 590‐lb. core of the Lake Murray, Oklahoma, siderite with this equipment, are included.
ON THE PRE‐ATMOSPHERIC GEOCENTRIC VELOCITIES OF METEORITES*
Authors: GUILLOU WILLIAM B. , Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAn error in O. C. Farrington's treatise on Meteorites (1915) concerning the pre‐atmospheric velocities of those bodies is pointed out; and an extremely simple method of evaluating the velocities and the change produced in them by the Earth's attraction is developed.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE BELLY RIVER, ALBERTA, CANADA, AEROLITE (CN =+ 1130,495)
Authors: LAPAZ LINCOLN 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAn account is given of the finding and identification of the Belly River, Alberta, aerolite, the 24th meteorite found in Canada. The note includes a preliminary description of the surface features and also of the remarkable system of metallic veins and veinlets revealed by slicing this meteorite.
PRELIMINARY NOTE ON THE LAKE MURRAY, CARTER COUNTY, OKLAHOMA, SIDERITE (CN =+ 0970,341)
Authors: LAPAZ LINCOLN 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe circumstances relating to the finding, identification, and recovery of the record‐breaking Lake Murray, Oklahoma, meteorite (CN = + 0970,341) are detailed. This siderite is at once the largest meteorite so far recovered in Oklahoma and the largest granular hexahedrite as yet found in the world.
THE MURRAY, CALLOWAY COUNTY, KENTUCKY, AEROLITE (CN =+0881,366)*
Authors: HORAN JOHN R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe Murray, Calloway County, Kentucky, aerolite (CN = + 0881,366) exploded at a high altitude on September 20, 1950. Approximately 7 kg. of fragments, with a specific gravity of 2.82 ± 0.02, have been recovered. The history, the physical properties, and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of this carbonaceous chondrite are presented.
THE SYLACAUGA, TALLADEGA COUNTY, ALABAMA, AEROLITE: A RECENT METEORITIC FALL THAT INJURED A HUMAN BEING (CN = 0863,332)*
Authors: SWINDEL GEORGE W. , JONES WALTER B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper describes the circumstances relating to the finding and identification of the aerolites that fell at Sylacauga, Alabama, one of which struck and injured a human being. The fall occurred on November 30, 1954, at about 1:00 P.M., CST, in the Sylacauga area, Talladega County, Alabama. Two aerolites have been recovered. The larger, weighing 8.5 pounds, pierced the roof of a dwelling and injured a sleeping occupant; the smaller, weighing 3.75 pounds, fell into an open area. The specimens of aerolite are irregular and angular in shape and are covered with a satiny, black coating. Most of the surfaces are plane, in some cases perpendicular to one another, with distinct, but well‐rounded edges. Certain surfaces are covered with thumb‐marks (piezoglyphs). One minor surface exhibits a remarkably regular series of parallel bands approximately one‐half inch wide, extending the full length of the face. No perceptible surface relief is associated with these bands, but only a variation in color from black to gray. Such a feature does not seem to have been noted heretofore in connection with meteorites.
SMALL‐CALIBER PROJECTILE PENETRATION INTO BRITTLE POROUS MEDIA*
Authors: MORRISON H. L. , WHYBURN W. M. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTExperiments have been carried out by using small‐caliber projectiles for the determination of projectile penetration into brittle porous media. An empirical law for projectile penetration has been derived from these experiments, in which a .30‐caliber flat‐nosed projectile was used on four different target media that had ranges in permeability from 6 × 10−8 cm2 to 39,000 × 10−8 cm2 and Rittinger's numbers that ranged from 6.5 cm2/kg‐cm to 20.2 cm2/kg‐cm.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE METEORITIC MINERALS AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE SIMPLIFIED CLASSIFICATION OF METEORITES*
Authors: LEONARD FREDERICK C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe essence of this paper is contained in 6 tables entitled: (1) the 5 groups of minerals and their members, some or all of which occur as essential meteoritic minerals; (2) the essential or Class I meteoritic minerals; (3) the primary accessory or Class II meteoritic minerals; (4) the secondary accessory or Class III meteoritic minerals (including both trace (t) and doubtful (d) minerals); (5) the subclasses of meteorites and their symbols (in the simplified classification of meteorites); and (6) the (2‐dimensional) classificational sequence of meteorites. These tables are described and discussed, and certain conclusions are drawn from them, especially from Table 6. An “Addendum on Certain Subclasses Not Mentioned in Table 5” is included between the main part of the paper and the “Notes and References” at the end.
THE CLASSIFICATIONAL DISTRIBUTION BY WEIGHT OF THE METEORITIC FALLS OF THE WORLD*
Authors: LEONARD FREDERICK C. , FINNEGAN BERNARD J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe classificational distribution by weight of 1495 meteoritic falls of the world inventoried in the recent (1953: 2nd) edition of the Prior‐Hey Catalogue of Meteorites is presented statistically in a table bearing that caption and graphically by means of 7 line diagrams. The system of classification used is the simplified classification of meteorites in its latest form. The integrated weight of the 1495 falls—which together constitute almost the entire known meteoritic increment of the Earth—is, in round numbers, between 450 and 500 metric tons.
THE ADRAR (= CHINGUETTI), MAURITANIA, FRENCH WEST AFRICA, METEORITE (CN = 0127,202)*
Authors: LAPAZ LINCOLN , LAPAZ JEAN 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTArguments are advanced for accepting as valid the measurements, descriptions, and conclusions published in 1924 concerning the giant Adrar (= Chinguetti) meteorite, the very existence of which has long been a point at issue among scientists. Since any criticism of Adrar certainly should be based on the original data gathered by Ripert and presented by Lacroix, a translation of the latter's initial publication on the Adrar meteorite is included in the present paper (as part 2). This translation provides supporting evidence for many of the statements made in the critical commentary in part I. Not only because the original data published on the Adrar meteorite were so factually presented and so internally consistent, but also because all objections to its huge size that have appeared since the publication of Lacroix's paper have been shown to be quite without foundation, relocation of this exceptional meteorite would constitute an undertaking, the successful consummation of which would be of the greatest importance to meteoritics.†
THE WOLF CREEK, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, METEORITE CRATER (CN =– 1278,192)*
Authors: CASSIDY WILLIAM A. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper gives a brief preliminary report on an expedition to the Wolf Creek Crater, which recovered in excess of 1400 pounds of more‐or‐less completely oxidized meteoritic material, including 3 large, unusually dense, masses weighing 352, 336, and 324 pounds, respectively. Each of these big masses exceeds by nearly 100 times the largest specimens heretofore found at the Wolf Creek Crater. The smaller, less dense, specimens recovered appear to be much like the so‐called “shale balls” found at the Barringer and Odessa Meteorite Craters. Photographs and descriptions of typical specimens and of the southwestern slope of the Wolf Creek Crater, on which the finds were made, are included in the paper.
METEORITIC MATERIAL FROM THE WOLF CREEK, WESTERN AUSTRALIA, CRATER (CN =– 1278, 192)*
Authors: LAPAZ LINCOLN 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper contains a preliminary description of the surface features and physical characteristics of two of the three largest masses of meteoritic material so far recovered at the Wolf Creek Crater. An account is given also of the remarkably complex internal structure revealed by slicing the specimens in question.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE PINTO MOUNTAINS, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, CHONDRITE (CN = 1161,337:)*
Authors: LaPaz Lincoln 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis report relates to the finding and identification of the Pinto Mountains, Riverside County, California, chondrite (CN = 1161,337:), the 14th meteorite found in California, and the largest aerolite so far recovered in that state and preserved. A description is given of the surface features of the Pinto Mountains stone and also of the fault‐surfaces and the rich chondritic structure characterizing the interior of this meteorite. On the basis of the features described, it is concluded that Pinto Mountains is a crystalline spherulitic chondrite C(ck).
THE KASAMATSU AND KOCHI METEORITES, WHICH STRUCK BUILDINGS IN JAPAN*
Authors: Murayama Sadao 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAccounts of the fall, recovery, and identification of two stony meteorites that struck buildings in Japan are presented in this paper. The first such occurrence took place on the afternoon of March 31, 1938, in Gifu‐ken, where the Kasamatsu meteorite penetrated the roof of a shop. On the evening of November 20, 1949, the Kochi meteorite fell, penetrating the windowpane of a house in Kochi city. The results of detailed chemical and petrographical studies of the 710‐gm. Kasamatsu spherulitic chondrite will be published in the near future. The Kochi meteorite, which weighs less than 1.6 gm., is as yet undescribed because it has been impossible to obtain a sample of the small stone for analysis. This fact is the more regrettable since it is felt that a detailed study of the Kochi stone is desirable before this specimen is accepted without qualification as a meteorite.
SOME TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS AND MINERALS OF METEORITES*
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper consists of two parts. In part “I. Terrestrial Relations,” the first three pages of Chapter 14 of Farrington's Meteorites are quoted and discussed, and four conclusions concerning the occurrence of minerals in meteorites are reached. In part “II. Minerals,” two additional secondary accessory or Class III meteoritic minerals are recognized and tabulated — the carbonate calcite and the sulfide millerite. The following three minerals also are commented on: chlorite, which is almost certainly not a true meteoritic mineral; pentlandite, which may eventually be discovered in meteorites; and “peckhamite,” which is doubtless nothing other than an intimate mixture of bronzite or hypersthene and olivine. Three types of minerals found in meteorites — cosmic, terrestrialized, and extraneous — are defined and considered.
THE VISUAL RADIANT AND ACTIVITY OF THE GEMINID METEOR STREAM*
Authors: Worley Charles E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe mean radiant of the Geminid meteor stream and its diurnal motion are determined from 118 visual radiants. The visual radiant at maximum (⊙ = 260°.6, 1950.0) lies at right ascension 112°.02, declination + 32°.00. The total daily motion is 47′ eastward. The visual radiant and motion agree well with the photographic data, but not with the radar.An activity curve is derived from 124 nights' observations. A rise to a sharp maximum and a rapid decline are shown. The stream is detectable over a 10‐day interval: the minimum visual stream‐width is about 2.3 × 107 km. Some physical characteristics of the meteors also are discussed.
THE VELOCITIES OF SPORADIC METEORS*
Authors: Olivier Charles P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper attempts to point out the very great importance of the determination of meteor velocities, not only for meteoric problems but also for the wider problems of astronomical evolution. Some of the important published researches are briefly reviewed, and the disagreement between work depending upon human elements and that apparently more purely mechanical is pointed out. The writer hesitates to come to a final verdict as to whether hyperbolic velocities are or are not proved to exist for great numbers of sporadic meteors, and points out the great desirability of further work, using every possible method available.
AN APPLICATION OF LEAST‐SQUARES TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE SUB‐END POINT OF A METEOR*
Authors: Russell John A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe determination of the coördinates of the sub‐end point of a meteor by the method of least‐squares is discussed. This method is applicable when 3 or more bearings of the sub‐end point are available, and makes use of the equation for the perpendicular distance from a point to a line. A simple numerical example is worked out in detail.
ON THE CLASSIFICATIONAL SEQUENCE OF METEORITES AND THE SUBCLASSES OF THE HEXAHEDRITES*
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the first part of this paper, it is proposed that the position of one of the columns in the classificational sequence of meteorites be changed, and the resulting rearrangement of the sequence is presented (in Table 1) and commented on briefly. In the second part, two subclasses of hexahedrites are recognized and fitted into the sequence.
THE CLASSIFICATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE SINGLE AND MULTIPLE METEORITIC FALLS OF THE WORLD*
Authors: Leonard Frederick C. , Rowland Gerald L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe material of this paper is contained in two tables. In Table 1, the numbers and percentages of the single and multiple meteoritic falls of the world, both observed and unobserved, are listed under meteorites generally, and specifically under the 3 divisions, 7 classes, and 30 subclasses of the Simplified Classification. In Table 2, the same kind of information is given for multiple falls, both observed and unobserved, consisting of: (1) 2 to 10 members; (2) more than 10 to 102 members; (3) more than 102 to 103 members; (4) more than 103 to 104 members; and (5) more than 104 to 106 members.
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE DUMAS, MOORE COUNTY, TEXAS, AEROLITE (CN = 1017,357:)*
Authors: LaPaz Lincoln 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn account is presented of the circumstances relating to the finding and identification of the Dumas, Moore County, Texas, aerolite (CN = 1017,357:). A chemical analysis and details concerning the surface features and the internal structure of this interesting 46.05‐kg. stone are given. The meteorite is notable for the high content of nickel‐iron (about 19.50%) that it contains. The metal not only occurs as widely disseminated individual grains, but also is concentrated in lenses and irregular nuggets, and in extended, branching veins, often of great delicacy. The Dumas aerolite is classified as a veined, crystalline, spherulitic chondrite, C(ckv).