bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R&D on divertor plasma facing components at the Institute for Plasma Research
Authors: Patil Yashashri , Khirwadkar S. , Belsare S. M. , Swamy Rajamannar , Khan M. S. , Tripathi S. , Bhope K. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This paper is focused on various aspects of the development and testing of water cooled divertor PFCs. Divertor PFCs are mainly designed to absorb the heat and particle fluxes outflowing from the core plasma of fusion devices like ITER. The Divertor and First Wall Technology Development Division at the Institute for Plasma Research (IPR), India, is extensively working on development and testing of divertor plasma facing components (PFCs). Tungsten and graphite macro-brush type test mock-ups were produced using vacuum brazing furnace technique and tungsten monoblock type of test mock-ups were obtained by hot radial pressing (HRP) technique. Heat transfer performance of the developed test mock-ups was tested using high heat flux tests with different heat load conditions as well as the surface temperature monitoring using transient infrared thermography technique. Recently we have established the High Heat Flux Test Facility (HHFTF) at IPR with an electron gun EH300V (M/s Von Ardenne Anlagentechnik GmbH, Germany) having maximum power 200 kW. Two tungsten monoblock type test mock-ups were probed using HHFTF. Both of the test mock-ups successfully sustained 316 thermal cycles during high heat flux (HHF) tests. The test mock-ups were non-destructively tested using infrared thermography before and after the HHF tests. In this note we describe the detailed procedure used for testing macro-brush and monoblock type test mock-ups using in-house transient infrared thermography set-up. An acceptance criteria limit was defined for small scale macro-brush type of mock-ups using DTrefmax value and the surface temperature measured during the HHF tests. It is concluded that the heat transfer behavior of a plasma facing component was checked by the HHF tests followed by transient IR thermography. The acceptance criteria DTrefmax limit for a graphite macro-brush mock-up was found to be ~3°C while for a tungsten macro-brush mock-up it was ~5°C.
Heat load and deuterium plasma effects on SPS and WSP tungsten
Authors: Vilémová Monika , Matějíček Jiří , Nevrlá Barbara , Chernyshova Maryna , Gasior Pawel , Kowalska-Strzeciwilk Ewa , Jäger Aleš 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Tungsten is a prime choice for armor material in future nuclear fusion devices. For the realization of fusion, it is necessary to address issues related to the plasma–armor interactions. In this work, several types of tungsten material were studied, i.e. tungsten prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and by water stabilized plasma spraying (WSP) technique. An intended surface porosity was created in the samples to model hydrogen/helium bubbles. The samples were subjected to a laser heat loading and a radiation loading of deuterium plasma to simulate edge plasma conditions of a nuclear fusion device (power density of 108 W/cm2 and 107 W/cm2, respectively, in the pulse intervals up to 200 ns). Thermally induced changes in the morphology and the damage to the studied surfaces are described. Possible consequences for the fusion device operation are pointed out.
MCNP calculations of neutron emission anisotropy caused by the GIT-12 hardware
Authors: Šíla Ondřej , Klír Daniel , Řezáč Karel , Cikhardtova Balzhima , Cikhardt Jakub 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The MCNP6 and MCNPX calculations for the GIT-12 device in Tomsk were performed to determine the influence of the gas-puff hardware on the neutron emission anisotropy and the neutron scattering rate. A monoenergetic 2.45 MeV neutron source and F1 and F6 tallies were declared in the simulation input. A comparison between MCNP results and the measured data was made. Differences between MCNPX and MCNP6 output data were investigated. In the experiment, two nTOF scintillation detectors with the Bicron BC-408 scintillator were used to measure the neutron waveform. Four bubble BD-PND detectors were used to estimate the amount of neutrons in different places around the neutron source.
Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting
Authors: Fifield David , Lan Chang , Hynes Rod , Wegmann Percy , Paxson Vern 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We describe “domain fronting,” a versatile censorship circumvention technique that hides the remote endpoint of a communication. Domain fronting works at the application layer, using HTTPS, to communicate with a forbidden host while appearing to communicate with some other host, permitted by the censor. The key idea is the use of different domain names at different layers of communication. One domain appears on the “outside” of an HTTPS request—in the DNS request and TLS Server Name Indication—while another domain appears on the “inside”—in the HTTP Host header, invisible to the censor under HTTPS encryption. A censor, unable to distinguish fronted and nonfronted traffic to a domain, must choose between allowing circumvention traffic and blocking the domain entirely, which results in expensive collateral damage. Domain fronting is easy to deploy and use and does not require special cooperation by network intermediaries. We identify a number of hard-to-block web services, such as content delivery networks, that support domain-fronted connections and are useful for censorship circumvention. Domain fronting, in various forms, is now a circumvention workhorse. We describe several months of deployment experience in the Tor, Lantern, and Psiphon circumvention systems, whose domain-fronting transports now connect thousands of users daily and transfer many terabytes per month.
Parallel Oblivious Array Access for Secure Multiparty Computation and Privacy-Preserving Minimum Spanning Trees
Authors: Laud Peeter 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we describe efficient protocols to perform in parallel many reads and writes in private arrays according to private indices. The protocol is implemented on top of the Arithmetic Black Box (ABB) and can be freely composed to build larger privacypreserving applications. For a large class of secure multiparty computation (SMC) protocols, our technique has better practical and asymptotic performance than any previous ORAM technique that has been adapted for use in SMC.
Our ORAM technique opens up a large class of parallel algorithms for adoption to run on SMC platforms. In this paper, we demonstrate how the minimum spanning tree (MST) finding algorithm by Awerbuch and Shiloach can be executed without revealing any details about the underlying graph (beside its size). The data accesses of this algorithm heavily depend on the location and weight of edges (which are private) and our ORAM technique is instrumental in their execution. Our implementation is the first-ever realization of a privacypreserving MST algorithm with sublinear round complexity.
Secure and scalable match: overcoming the universal circuit bottleneck using group programs
Authors: Krishnan Rajesh , Sundaram Ravi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Confidential Content-Based Publish/Subscribe (C-CBPS) is an interaction model that allows parties to exchange content while protecting their security and privacy interests. In this paper we advance the state of the art in C-CBPS by showing how all predicate circuits in NC1 (logarithmic-depth, bounded fan-in) can be confidentially computed by a broker while guaranteeing perfect information-theoretic security. Previous work could handle only strictly shallower circuits (e.g. those with depth O(ℑ)). We present three protocols—UGP-Match, FSGP-Match and OFSGP-Match—based on 2-decomposable randomized encodings of group programs for circuits in NC1. UGP-Match is conceptually simple and has a clean proof of correctness but its running time is a polynomial with a high exponent and hence impractical. FSGP-Match uses a “fixed structure” construction that reduces the exponent drastically and achieves efficiency and scalability. OFSGP-Match optimizes the group programs further to shave off a linear factor.
An Automated Approach for Complementing Ad Blockers’ Blacklists
Authors: Gugelmann David , Happe Markus , Ager Bernhard , Lenders Vincent 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Privacy in the Web has become a major concern resulting in the popular use of various tools for blocking tracking services. Most of these tools rely on manually maintained blacklists, which need to be kept up-to-date to protect Web users’ privacy efficiently. It is challenging to keep pace with today’s quickly evolving advertisement and analytics landscape. In order to support blacklist maintainers with this task, we identify a set of Web traffic features for identifying privacyintrusive services. Based on these features, we develop an automatic approach that learns the properties of advertisement and analytics services listed by existing blacklists and proposes new services for inclusion on blacklists. We evaluate our technique on real traffic traces of a campus network and find in the order of 200 new privacy-intrusive Web services that are not listed by the most popular Firefox plug-in Adblock Plus. The proposed Web traffic features are easy to derive, allowing a distributed implementation of our approach.
Defending Tor from Network Adversaries: A Case Study of Network Path Prediction
Authors: Juen Joshua , Johnson Aaron , Das Anupam , Borisov Nikita , Caesar Matthew 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Tor anonymity network has been shown vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks by autonomous systems (ASes) and Internet exchanges (IXes), which can observe different overlay hops belonging to the same circuit. We evaluate whether network path prediction techniques provide an accurate picture of the threat from such adversaries, and whether they can be used to avoid this threat. We perform a measurement study by collecting 17.2 million traceroutes from Tor relays to destinations around the Internet. We compare the collected traceroute paths to predicted paths using state-of-the-art path inference techniques. We find that traceroutes present a very different picture, with the set of ASes seen in the traceroute path differing from the predicted path 80% of the time. We also consider the impact that prediction errors have on Tor security. Using a simulator to choose paths over a week, our traceroutes indicate a user has nearly a 100% chance of at least one compromise in a week with 11% of total paths containing an AS compromise and less than 1% containing an IX compromise when using default Tor selection. We find modifying the path selection to choose paths predicted to be safe lowers total paths with an AS compromise to 0.14% but still presents a 5–11% chance of at least one compromise in a week while making 5% of paths fail, with 96% of failures due to false positives in path inferences. Our results demonstrate more measurement and better path prediction is necessary to mitigate the risk of AS and IX adversaries to Tor.
Toward Mending Two Nation-Scale Brokered Identification Systems
Authors: Brandão Luís T. A. N. , Christin Nicolas , Danezis George , Anonymous  
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Available online public/governmental services requiring authentication by citizens have considerably expanded in recent years. This has hindered the usability and security associated with credential management by users and service providers. To address the problem, some countries have proposed nation-scale identification/authentication systems that intend to greatly reduce the burden of credential management, while seemingly offering desirable privacy benefits. In this paper we analyze two such systems: the Federal Cloud Credential Exchange (FCCX) in the United States and GOV.UK Verify in the United Kingdom, which altogether aim at serving more than a hundred million citizens. Both systems propose a brokered identification architecture, where an online central hub mediates user authentications between identity providers and service providers. We show that both FCCX and GOV.UK Verify suffer from serious privacy and security shortcomings, fail to comply with privacy-preserving guidelines they are meant to follow, and may actually degrade user privacy. Notably, the hub can link interactions of the same user across different service providers and has visibility over private identifiable information of citizens. In case of malicious compromise it is also able to undetectably impersonate users. Within the structural design constraints placed on these nation-scale brokered identification systems, we propose feasible technical solutions to the privacy and security issues we identified. We conclude with a strong recommendation that FCCX and GOV.UK Verify be subject to a more in-depth technical and public review, based on a defined and comprehensive threat model, and adopt adequate structural adjustments.
Henri Lefebvre’s Concept Of Urban Space In The Context Of Preferences Of The Creative Classin A Modern City
Authors: Nadolny Adam 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This article seeks to present how the manner of recording the spatial phenomena analysed by Henri Lefebvre in his numerous publications can serve as a basis for reflections on the suitability of his theories for the description of the creative class in a modern city. Because Lefebvre pursued a number of lines of thought in his philosophical ideas, we can state that there is a strong correlation between the city image he created and preferences of the creative class in a modern city. The article is also intended to make the reader realise that records of philosophical ideas can, in many instances, contribute to the improvement of the actual space in a city.
Virtual Community For A Creative City
Authors: Przygodzki Zbigniew , Kina Ewelina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Cities provide conditions for the development of creativity and creative capital; some cities have made it an area of strategic intervention. Surely, there is a strong link between the creativity of a city and the value of social capital in a given territory. Hence, it is vital to answer the following questions: To what extent does investment in human capital determine the value of creative capital? What to invest in? Can one invest efficiently taking advantage of the attractive and popular virtual space? These are the questions explored by the present authors. Their specific goal is to assess the importance of social networks as a modern ICT tool for establishing relations, and of open networks in the dissemination of knowledge and in the development of creative communities.
Late Acute Intermittent Porphyria Attack In A Patient With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Toma Nicoleta , Stancu Maria M. , Savu Octavian 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background. Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is a hereditary metabolic aberration resulting from a partial defect in the activity of the enzyme porphobilinogen deaminase (PBDG) during the course of haeme synthesis. Diabetic metabolism may attenuate the episodes of porphyria related symptoms.

Case report. Our subject (male; age 75) was hospitalized one week after onset of diffuse abdominal pain and constipation and overt type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The patient’s long history of alcohol intake with acute alcohol consumption 12 days before admission, in the presence of abdominal pain with spectacular remission after oral administration of 5% glucose solution, accompanied by a 2.5 fold increase of urinary porphobilinogen with normal values for porphyrins and urinary lead, and normal full blood count establishes the diagnosis of AIP.

Conclusion We describe a case of AIP probably triggered by acute alcohol consumption, with neurovisceral dominant clinical picture mimicking an acute abdomen. Late disease occurrence as first acute episode at older age accompanied by overt type 2 DM, suggests a latent type of AIP in our patient. The appropriate recognition of latent AIP cases in proband’s offspring prevents unnecessary blind surgery when repeated episodes of unexplained abdominal pain occur.
Orectic And Anorectic Peptides And Their Implication In Obesity And The Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Bodea Alina , Popa Amorin Remus 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background and aims: Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, the metabolic syndrome and obesity are now globally widespread clinical conditions, addressing different ages, lately extending to young and children. The causes are multiple, involving an interaction between individual genetic risk factors and environmental factors. Many studies showed the importance of the hypothalamic neuropeptides and other neuropeptides in the regulation of the balance between food intake and energy consumption. We reviewed 25 recent research studies describing the physiological and physiopathological mechanisms of the orectic and anorectic peptides and their interaction to adjust the balance between food intake and energy expenditure.

Conclusions: The hypothalamus, through its nuclei (arcuate and paraventricular) controls the balance between food intake and energy expenditure. The proopiomelanocortin (POMC) / Cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART) neurons represent the anorectic centre. The neurons that release neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) by stimulation form the orectic centre. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) is the main hypothalamic orectic neuropeptide. Its action, besides stimulating the orectic effect, is to modulate the release of other hypothalamic orectic and anorectic neuropeptides. In addition, the energy balance is regulated by adipokines released by the adipose cells, hormones and neurotransmitters, blood glucose level and other metabolites.
A Review Of Recommended Foods In The Prevention Of Cancer
Authors: Mogoş Tiberius , Dondoi Carmen , Chelan Claudia , Iacobini Andra Evelin 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Both the medical practice and the scientific research proved that a number of nutritional products or nutritive elements could have a preventive role (especially in subjects in whom these reach a lower level than the physiological ones) in the prevention of cancer. The list of these products is quite large, but in this article we shall present only part of them. We emphasize that the aliments described are easy to find and are not expensive.
Risk Factors For Gestational Diabetes – An Update
Authors: Dobjanschi Carmen , Miulescu Rucsandra Dănciulescu 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have an increased lifetime risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). GDM has a substantial impact on maternal and foetal short and long-term health. Risk factors for GDM may be genetic or nongenetic and have been analysed in numerous studies. Researches in recent years allowed the identification of other risk factors for GDM except for those already known. Knowledge and identification of all risk factors for GDM allows the elaboration of a prevention strategy of T2DM, it may influence the screening, diagnosis, and, subsequently, treatment modalities for this disease.
Nutrients availability and hydrological conditions of selected wetland ecosystems in the Biebrza river valley
Authors: Stelmaszczyk Mateusz , Okruszko Tomasz , Meire Patrick 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Nutrients availability and hydrological conditions of selected wetland ecosystems in the Biebrza river valley. Paper presents results of investigation of hydrological conditions and nutrients limitation and availability for wetland vegetation in selected sites within Biebrza river valley. Analysed sites were overgrown by tall sedge Magnocaricion vegetation (Caricetum gracilis and Caricetum elatae), wet meadow Molinio-Arrhenatheretea vegetation (Molinietum caeruleae), and sedge-moss Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetation (Caricetum lasiocarpae). There were noted a close relationship between vegetation types, hydrological regimes and kind of nutrient limitation. Low productive Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetations fed mainly by groundwater were limited by phosphorus, while highly productive Magnocaricion vegetation, fed by river water, was subjected to nitrogen limitation. We have found big diversification of groundwater and surface water levels within habitats of different vegetation types along the Biebrza river valley. Magnocaricion vegetation present on flooded areas is characterized by significant water level fluctuations and long-lasting inundations. On areas covered by Molinio-Arrhenatheretea vegetation we noted majority of water levels not exceeding the level of the ground surface. Whereas Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae vegetation, fed by groundwater, is characterized by low variation of groundwater levels.
Removal of dissolved metals by activated carbon from road runoff in batch systems – equilibrium and kinetic
Authors: Pawluk Katarzyna , Fronczyk Joanna 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:
Removal of dissolved metals by activated carbon from road runoff in batch systems – equilibrium and kinetic. Activated carbon is an effective sorbent for removing organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions. In conducted experiments, granulated activated carbon (GAC) was used to examine the adsorption processes of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Studies (performed in batch system) were carried out as a function of time, heavy metals concentration and pH values. The obtained results show that GAC effectively removes mentioned metals. Numerous kinetic models were used to investigate the mechanism of adsorption processes. Using the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacities were calculated to be 3.010, 3.662, 4.430, 3.800 and 4.169 mg·g–1 for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, respectively, in neutral conditions and 2.684, 2.578, 3.482, 2.592 and 2.253 mg·g–1 in acidic conditions.
New Solutions Based On Wireless Networks For Dynamic Traffic Lights Management: A Comparison Between IEEE 802.15.4 And Bluetooth
Authors: Collotta Mario , Pau Giovanni 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The Wireless Sensor Networks are widely used to detect and exchange information and in recent years they have been increasingly involved in Intelligent Transportation System applications, especially in dynamic management of signalized intersections. In fact, the real-time knowledge of information concerning traffic light junctions represents a valid solution to congestion problems. In this paper, a wireless network architecture, based on IEEE 802.15.4 or Bluetooth, in order to monitor vehicular traffic flows near to traffic lights, is introduced. Moreover, an innovative algorithm is proposed in order to determine dynamically green times and phase sequence of traffic lights, based on measured values of traffic flows. Several simulations compare IEEE 802.15.4 and Bluetooth protocols in order to identify the more suitable communication protocol for ITS applications. Furthermore, in order to confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm for the dynamic management of traffic lights, some case studies have been considered and several simulations have been performed.
Source Document / Edition: Eine unbekannte Traupredigt Paul Tillichs
Authors: Graf Friedrich Wilhelm 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOn 11 October 1947 Paul Tillich conducted the wedding service of Dankwart Rüstow and Rahel Löwe. He gave the church’s blessing to the son and daughter of two friends, Alexander Rüstow and Adolf Löwe, whom he had known since his time as a Privatdozent in Berlin. Both had been involved to different degrees in the Kairos-Circle which had formed around Tillich immediately after the First World War. The sermon, which was unknown for a long time, is published here in a critical edition together with a historical introduction. Tillich makes use of two key concepts, ‘scattering’ and ‘re-unifying’ to illustrate marriage as a sign of the Exile.