bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology, phylogeny, and systematic revision of genera in the Dimyidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia)
Authors: Waller Thomas R. 
Published: September 2012

Differences in the mineralogy of hinge teeth and inner shell layers in the family Dimyidae form the basis for a revision of genera. The stem genusAtreta(Late Triassic to Late Cretaceous) has aragonitic denticulate hinge teeth on the right valve articulating with pitted sockets on the left valve. The same arrangement is present inNeoatretan. gen. (Paleocene? Miocene to Recent) but with the appearance of extensive calcitic overarching of the resilifer. InDimyella(Eocene to Recent), aragonitic teeth and sockets are still present but are modified into hook shaped denticulate teeth with corresponding sockets. All three of these genera have inner aragonitic crossed-lamellar shell layers that extend well outside the pallial line. In contrast,Dimya(Eocene to Recent) andBasiliomya(Pliocene to Recent) comprise a second clade in which aragonitic hinge teeth are absent and hinge articulation is calcitic, derived from the calcitic rim.Dimyahas only weak hinge articulation and has an aragonitic inner shell layer delimited by the pallial line; inBasiliomyacalcitic hinge teeth are more prominent and the entire inner shell layer inside the pallial line is foliated calcite.Diploschiza(Cretaceous, Albian to Maastrichtian), here reinstated from synonymy withAtreta, is probably a precursor of theDimya-Basiliomyaclade based on incipient calcitic hinge teeth. Predation pressures probably drove the evolution of this cemented family from its original habitat on hardgrounds in moderately deep water into much greater depths or into cryptic habitats, including submarine caves.New combinations areDimyella malnatrensis(Corselli and Bernocchi),D. molokaia(Dall, Bartsch, and Rehder),D. similis(v. Koenen),Neoatreta dissimilis(Tate),N. filipina(Bartsch),N. kaiparaensis(Laws),N. phaidra(Woodring),and N. plana(Martin).
Vertical and Horizontal Ridge Augmentation of a Severely Resorbed Ridge in the Anterior Maxilla
Authors: Monje Alberto , Monje Florencio , Suarez Fernando , González‐García Raúl , Villanueva‐Alcojol Laura , Moreno Carlos , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: September 2012

Introduction: Achieving esthetically pleasing therapeutic outcomes when rehabilitating a deficient anterior maxilla with dental implants can be very challenging. This case report presents the use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and guided bone regeneration (GBR) in combination with autogenous block grafts in the three‐dimensional bone augmentation of a severely deficient anterior maxillary ridge.Case Presentation: A patient with a missing maxillary left lateral incisor received a cone‐beam computed tomography scan, which revealed a horizontally and vertically deficient residual ridge. Horizontally, the residual had no buccal plate and a thin palatal plate. Vertically, the defect was 14.5 mm as measured from the cemento‐enamel junction of adjacent teeth to the most apical point. Both buccal and palatal sites were treated with autogenous ramus block grafts, GBR, and PRP in an attempt to gain adequate ridge height and width for future implant placement. The surgical site was reentered 6 to 9 months after the bone augmentation procedure, and a dental implant, with no additional bone grafting, was placed with adequate primary implant stability. As a result of the successful gain in bone width and height through the augmentation procedure, an esthetic outcome was achieved with the implant‐supported restoration. In addition, no signs of inflammation, peri‐implant bone loss, or implant mobility were observed.Conclusion: Vertical and horizontal bone augmentation can be successfully performed to gain bone height and width that is essential for ideal implant positioning and esthetic outcomes.
Nasal Irrigation as an Adjunctive Treatment in Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hermelingmeier Kristina E. , Weber Rainer K. , Hellmich Martin , Heubach Christine P. , Mösges Ralph 
Published: September 2012

Background Saline nasal irrigation (SNI) is often recommended as additional nonpharmacologic treatment, having proven its efficacy in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and for therapy after sinonasal surgery. To date, however, no systematic review or meta-analysis exists showing the influence of SNI on allergic rhinitis (AR). This study aimed to establish the impact of SNI on symptoms of AR in different patient groups. Methods We conducted a systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ISI Web of Science databases for literature published from 1994 to 2010 on SNI in AR. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials that assessed the effects of SNI on four different outcome parameters were included. The evaluation focused on primary (symptom score) and secondary parameters (medicine consumption, mucociliary clearance, and quality of life). Results Three independent reviewers chose 10 originals that satisfied the inclusion criteria (>400 participants total) from 50 relevant trials. SNI performed regularly over a limited period of up to 7 weeks was observed to have a positive effect on all investigated outcome parameters in adults and children with AR. SNI produced a 27.66% improvement in nasal symptoms, a 62.1% reduction in medicine consumption, a 31.19% acceleration of mucociliary clearance time, and a 27.88% improvement in quality of life. Conclusion SNI using isotonic solution can be recommended as complementary therapy in AR. It is well tolerated, inexpensive, easy to use, and there is no evidence showing that regular, daily SNI adversely affects the patient's health or causes unexpected side effects.
Endoscopic Medial Maxillectomy with Preservation of Inferior Turbinate and Nasolacrimal Duct
Authors: Nakayama Tsuguhisa , Asaka Daiya , Okushi Tetsushi , Yoshikawa Mamoru , Moriyama Hiroshi , Otori Nobuyoshi 
Published: September 2012

Background Endoscopic medial maxillectomy (EMM) is a safe and effective procedure for treatment of inverted papilloma (IP) originating from the maxillary sinus. However, EMM usually removes the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct. The inferior turbinate has a critical function in conditioning of the nasal airflow, and resection of the nasolacrimal ducts has a risk of epiphora. We developed a newly derived surgical technique, endoscopic modified medial maxillectomy (EMMM), which enables preservation of the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct. Methods A retrospective case series of six patients with IP and nine patients with mucoceles of the maxillary sinus after a Caldwell-Luc operation, who underwent surgery using the EMMM technique, were reviewed. Results In patients with IP, there were no recurrences for a mean follow-up of 16.7 months. Eight of nine patients with mucoceles of the maxillary sinus showed patency. All patients showed preservation of the inferior turbinate. One patient with mucocele was referred for dacryocystorhinostomy because of epiphora. Conclusion EMMM produces access to the maxillary sinus identically to conventional EMM, despite preservation of the inferior turbinate and nasolacrimal duct.
Microwave Disinfection: Assessing the Risks of Irrigation Bottle and Fluid Contamination
Authors: Morong Sharon , Lee John M. 
Published: September 2012

Background It was previously shown that 50% of irrigation bottles and 40% of irrigation fluids had evidence of bacterial contamination despite cleaning with hot water and soap. Although a novel method of microwave disinfection has recently been proposed to minimize contamination risk, this has not been studied in a real life setting. This study investigates the effectiveness of microwave disinfection for reducing both nasal irrigation bottle and irrigation fluid contamination risk after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods Twenty consecutive patients underwent ESS for chronic rhinosinusitis. Patients were given NeilMed Sinus Rinse bottles (NeilMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Santa Rosa CA) to use twice daily, with microwave cleaning instructions preoperatively. Bottles were collected and cultured 1 week postoperatively. Sterile saline (5 mL) was mixed into the irrigation bottle and cultured separately. An additional 10 patients were recruited whereby the bottle was cultured at collection and immediately after microwave disinfection was performed in the clinic. Results For the first cohort of the study, 40% of the bottles and 20% of the irrigation samples had positive cultures 1 week postoperatively. Common bacteria included Acinetobacter, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and Gram-negative bacilli. For the second cohort of patients, 20% of the irrigation bottles had positive cultures. However, after supervised microwave disinfection, there was a 0% contamination rate. Conclusion Despite detailed instructions on microwave disinfection, positive bacterial cultures may still occur after ESS. This risk, however, appears to be significantly reduced when bottles are microwaved under supervision. These findings suggest either a reduced patient compliance to cleaning or a time-dependent recontamination risk after disinfection.
The Role of Fungi in Diseases of the Nose and Sinuses
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: September 2012

Background Human exposure to fungal elements is inevitable, with normal respiration routinely depositing fungal hyphae within the nose and paranasal sinuses. Fungal species can cause sinonasal disease, with clinical outcomes ranging from mild symptoms to intracranial invasion and death. There has been much debate regarding the precise role fungal species play in sinonasal disease and optimal treatment strategies. Methods A literature review of fungal diseases of the nose and sinuses was conducted. Results Presentation, diagnosis, and current management strategies of each recognized form of fungal rhinosinusitis was reviewed. Conclusion Each form of fungal rhinosinusitis has a characteristic presentation and clinical course, with the immune status of the host playing a critical pathophysiological role. Accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment strategies are necessary to achieve optimal outcomes.
Nitrogen enrichment differentially affects above‐ and belowground plant defense
Authors: Jamieson Mary A. , Seastedt Timothy R. , Bowers M. Deane 
Published: September 2012

• Premise of the Study: Human nitrogen (N) inputs to terrestrial ecosystems have greatly increased in recent years and may have important consequences for plant growth, reproduction, and defense. Although numerous studies have investigated the effects of nitrogen addition on plants, few have examined both above‐ and belowground responses within a range of predicted increase and apart from concomitant increases in other nutrients.• Methods: We conducted a greenhouse experiment to study the consequences of increased nitrogen inputs, such as those from atmospheric N deposition, on plant performance, chemical defenses, and allocation tradeoffs for an invasive species, Linaria dalmatica. This plant produces iridoid glycosides, which are a group of terpenoid compounds.• Key Results: Soil nitrogen enrichment increased growth, reproduction, and whole‐plant iridoid glycosides while decreasing some costs of defense. Interestingly, nitrogen addition had varying effects on defense allocation to above‐ and belowground tissues. Specifically, there was no change in iridoid glycoside concentrations of shoots, whereas concentrations decreased in flowers by ∼35% and increased in roots by >400%.• Conclusions: Observed increases in plant performance and chemical defenses may have implications for the invasion potential of L. dalmatica. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of evaluating both above‐ and belowground plant defenses. In particular, findings presented here indicate that research focused on leaf‐level defenses may not detect key allelochemical responses, including changes in plant resistance traits that could affect consumers (e.g., herbivores and pathogens) that specialize on different plant tissues as well as plant fitness and invasion success.
Gb Virus C Infection is Associated with a Reduced Rate of Reactivation of Latent HIV and Protection against Activation-Induced T-Cell Death
Authors: Rydze Robert T , Bhattarai Nirjal , Stapleton Jack T 
Published: September 2012

Background GB virus C (GBV-C) coinfection is associated with reduced immune activation and a block in CD4+ T-cell proliferation following interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in HIV-infected individuals. We examined peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) from HIV-infected subjects with and without GBV-C viraemia to determine if GBV-C correlated with reactivation of latent HIV, T-cell proliferation or T-cell survival following in vitro activation with phytohaemag-glutinin A and IL-2 (PHA/IL-2). Methods HIV-infected subjects whose HIV viral load was suppressed on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) for >6 months were studied. PBMCs were cultured with and without PHA/IL-2 and monitored for HIV reactivation, proliferation and survival. GBV-C viraemia and in vitro replication were detected by real-time RT-PCR. HIV reactivation was determined by measuring HIV p24 antigen in culture supernatants. Proliferation was measured by counting viable cells and survival measured by flow cytometry. Results Of 49 HIV-infected individuals, 26 had GBV-C viraemia. Significantly less HIV reactivation and PBMC proliferation following in vitro activation with PHA/IL-2 was observed in samples from GBV-C viraemic subjects compared with non-viraemic controls. Following 5 weeks in culture, GBV-C replication was associated with preservation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells compared with non-viraemic controls. Conclusions GBV-C appears to inhibit immune activation and IL-2 signalling pathways, which might contribute to a reduction in reactivation of latent HIV from cellular reservoirs. In addition, GBV-C viraemia was associated with a reduction in activation-induced T-cell death. GBV-C-associated T-cell effects could contribute to the observed protective effect of GBV-C coinfection in HIV-infected individuals.
A Prospective Evaluation of Pulmonary, Systemic and Hepatic Haemodynamics in HIV–HCV-Coinfected Patients before and after Antiviral Therapy with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin
Authors: Reiberger Thomas , Payer Berit A , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Sieghart Wolfgang , Breitenecker Florian , Aichelburg Maximilian C , Schmied Brigitte , Rieger Armin , Trauner Michael , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus ,   Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab and Vienna HIV & Liver Study Group
Published: September 2012

Background Patients coinfected with HIV and HCV are at risk for developing portal hypertension (PHT), hyper-dynamic circulation and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Data on the influence of antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN-α) and ribavirin (RBV) are limited. Methods Haemodynamic parameters, including hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), pulmonary arterial pressure (PAPmean), cardiac output (CO) and systemic vascular resistance (SysVR), were prospectively evaluated before and after PEG-IFN-α+RBV therapy in 80 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients. Results Baseline evaluation showed a mean HVPG of 4.7 mmHg, CO of 6.15 l/min and PAPmean of 14.8 mmHg. PHT was present in 26% of patients, hyperdynamic circulation in 5% and PAH in 4%. Patients with advanced fibrosis (METAVIR stage F3/F4; n=32) had significantly higher CO ( P=0.008), lower SysVR ( P=0.035), higher PAPmean ( P=0.018) and higher pulmonary vascular resistance ( P=0.022) than patients with stage F0–F2 fibrosis ( n=48). Both hyperdynamic circulation and PAH were significantly associated with liver stiffness, fibrosis stage and portal pressure; a non-significant trend was found for CD4+ T-cell counts and HIV RNA levels. No significant changes in PAPmean, CO and SysVR were observed after PEG-IFN-α+RBV treatment, although a significant decrease in HVPG was noted in patients with HCV eradication ( P=0.013). Conclusions The overall prevalence of hyperdynamic circulation and PAH in HIV–HCV coinfection is low. Advanced fibrosis, increased liver stiffness, elevated portal pressure and probably CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viraemia represent risk factors for hyperdynamic circulation and PAH. PHT is present in 26% of HIV–HCV-coinfected patients evaluated for antiviral therapy. Successful HCV eradication significantly decreases HVPG.
A Pilot Study to Assess Inflammatory Biomarker Changes When Raltegravir is Added to a Virologically Suppressive Haart Regimen in HIV-1-Infected Patients with Limited Immunological Responses
Authors: Lichtenstein Kenneth A , Armon Carl , Nagabhushanam Vijaya , Efaw Benjamin J , Frazer-Abel Ashley , Hiserote Melissa E , Alam Rafeul 
Published: September 2012

Background Despite successful suppression of HIV-1 with HAART, some patients do not have robust immunological recovery. Chronic inflammation from persistent immune activation could contribute to this poor response, resulting in HIV-1 disease progression and the development of some non-HIV-1 comorbidities. Methods We conducted a pilot study of 30 HIV-1-infected patients with undetectable viral loads and poor CD4+ T-cell responses on long-term stable HAART to assess whether the addition of raltegravir would have an effect on biomarkers of chronic inflammation. A total of 26 patients were followed for 1 year on the intensified regimen. In addition to T-cell responses, we evaluated changes in activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, several pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and memory cell responses to HIV-1-associated peptides. Results Although there was no improvement in CD4+ T-cell counts, the percentage change in CD4+%, CD4+/ CD8+ ratios and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cells expressed and secreted) increased significantly while the percentage change in CD8+ T-cell counts and CD8+%, activated CD4+ T-cells and several pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines decreased significantly. The percentage change in HIV-1-specific nef, pol set 1, gag and env memory T-cells also declined. Conclusions The addition of raltegravir to a virologically suppressive HAART regimen in patients with poor immunological responses resulted in the reduction of several pro-inflammatory biomarkers; increases were seen in RANTES levels and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratios. The clinical relevance of these observations is beyond the scope of this study.
The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in College-Aged Students
Authors: Dalleck Lance C. , Kjelland Emily Marguerite 
Published: September 2012

Purpose. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a constellation of metabolic risk factors that consist of the following: atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, elevated glucose associated with insulin resistance, prothrombotic state, and proinflammatory state. The objective of the study was to quantify the prevalence of MetS among college students and to determine whether fatness (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference) or physical activity was more strongly associated with individual components of the MetS. Design. A cross-sectional study. Setting. Eau Claire, Wisconsin, United States. Subjects. Authors collected health history information and performed assessments of individual MetS components for 207 college students aged 18 to 24 years. Measures. Physical activity levels were self-reported, while direct measurements were obtained for MetS components (waist circumference, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose). Analysis. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results. The prevalence of MetS was found to be 6.8% according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The authors also found that 42.5% and 13.0% of our sample had one and two MetS components, respectively. Waist circumference was independently associated (p < .05) with HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusion. Our findings provide evidence for the presence of MetS on college campuses. It also appears, in part, that central adiposity contributes to the high incidence of individual MetS components. Given the elevated lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease and lower survival for those with risk factors in young adulthood, there appears to be a need for primary prevention programs within university and college settings.
Participation in Community-Originated Interventions is Associated with Positive Changes in Weight Status and Health Behaviors in Youth
Authors: Whetstone Lauren MacKenzie , Kolasa Kathryn M. , Collier David N. 
Published: September 2012

Purpose. To assess changes in children's health behaviors and weight status after participation in community-originated interventions. Design. Prospective cohort study following body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectory over time. Setting. Schools and community settings in 19 locations in North Carolina. Subjects. A total of 1144 children, with an average age of 9.5 years, participating in community-originated physical activity and nutrition interventions, such as active recess and healthy cafeteria offerings, and environment and policy changes designed to prevent and reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity. Retention from baseline to final collection was 54%. Measures. Self-reported physical activity and eating behaviors; measured height and weight were collected at baseline and after interventions (average of 20 months). Z-score was compared with expected growth without intervention. Analysis. Descriptive statistics, χ2 tests and t-tests, and ANOVA analyses of variance to assess changes in health behaviors and weight status. Results. More than 11% of children improved their weight status, and 86% of children who began at a healthy weight remained there. The average BMI for children who were overweight at enrollment was significantly lower after intervention (1.1 kg/m2 lower for boys and 0.88 kg/m2 lower for girls). Overweight and obese children who made improvements in key health behaviors showed greater decreases in BMI z-score than those who did not improve those behaviors (increased fruit [−.2207 vs. −.0793] and vegetable [−.2215 vs. −.0855] intake, and drinking less soda [−.1985 vs. −.0912]). There were no significant increases in physical activity, and changes in physical activity were not related to decreases in BMI z-score in this study. Conclusion. Community-originated interventions to raise awareness about food choices and to change policies and environments may improve BMI z-scores.