bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced vertical mixing associated with a nocturnal cold front passage and its impact on near‐surface temperature and ozone concentration
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Ming , Klein Petra M. , Xue Ming , Shapiro Alan , Nallapareddy Anita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA sudden rise in surface temperature is sometimes observed during the nighttime hours with the passage of cold fronts. The physics contributing to such nocturnal warming events and their potential impacts on atmospheric chemistry are not yet fully understood. In this study, a nocturnal warming event associated with a cold front passage in Oklahoma on 3 April 2006 is simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF/Chem). During the prefrontal period under clear‐sky and calm conditions, surface radiative cooling resulted in a decoupled shallow surface layer in which air temperature and wind speed decreased quickly and ozone was removed efficiently by chemical reactions. During the passage of the cold front, strong wind shear enhanced turbulent mixing, which weakened the temperature inversion near the surface. Warmer and ozone‐richer air from aloft was mixed downward to the surface. Thus, a sudden warming and nocturnal secondary ozone maxima were observed near the surface. Dry deposition of ozone at the surface was also enhanced in this warming event.
Investigating enhanced Aqua MODIS aerosol optical depth retrievals over the mid‐to‐high latitude Southern Oceans through intercomparison with co‐located CALIOP, MAN, and AERONET data sets
Authors: Toth Travis D. , Zhang Jianglong , Campbell James R. , Reid Jeffrey S. , Shi Yingxi , Johnson Randall S. , Smirnov Alexander , Vaughan Mark A. , Winker David M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA band of enhanced aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the mid‐to‐high latitude Southern Oceans exists in some passive satellite‐based aerosol data sets, including Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. Past studies suggest several potential causes contributing to this phenomenon, including signal uncertainty, retrieval bias, and cloud contamination. In this paper, quality‐assured Aqua MODIS aerosol products in this zonal band are investigated to assess cloud contamination as a cause. Spatially and temporally collocated cloud and aerosol products produced by the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) project relative to Aqua MODIS AOD in this region are considered. Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) AOD data are also collocated with Aqua MODIS retrievals for surface context. The results of this study indicate that the high Aqua MODIS AOD are not seen in the CALIOP aerosol products, cannot be screened using active profiling of collocated observations for cloud presence, and are not detected by ground‐based observations such as MAN and AERONET. Enhanced AOD values are attributable primarily to stratocumulus and low broken cumulus cloud contamination, as identified with CALIOP products. But these clouds explain only about 30–40% of the total anomaly. Cirrus cloud contamination is also a factor. However, in contrast to the rest of the globe, they contribute less overall, relative to low‐level liquid water clouds, which are considered likely the result of misidentification of relatively warm cloud tops compared with surrounding open seas.
Tropical Atlantic dust and smoke aerosol variations related to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation in MODIS and MISR observations
Authors: Guo Yanjuan , Tian Baijun , Kahn Ralph A. , Kalashnikova Olga , Wong Sun , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fine mode fraction and Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) nonspherical fraction data are used to derive dust and smoke aerosol optical thickness (τdust and τsmoke) over the tropical Atlantic in a complementary way: due to its wider swath, MODIS has 3–4 times greater sampling than MISR, but MISR dust discrimination is based on particle shape retrievals, whereas an empirical scheme is used for MODIS. MODIS and MISR show very similar dust and smoke winter climatologies. τdust is the dominant aerosol component over the tropical Atlantic, accounting for 40–70% of the total aerosol optical thickness (AOT), whereas τsmoke is significantly smaller than τdust. The consistency and high correlation between these climatologies and their daily variations lends confidence to their use for investigating the relative dust and smoke contributions to the total AOT variation associated with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). The temporal evolution and spatial patterns of the τdus anomalies associated with the MJO are consistent between MODIS and MISR: the magnitude of MJO‐realted τdust anomalies is comparable to or even larger than that of the total τ, while the τsmoke anomaly represents about 15% compared to the total, which is quite different from their relative magnitudes to the total τ on the climatological time scale. This suggests that dust and smoke are not influenced by the MJO in the same way. Based on correlation analysis, dust is strongly influenced by the MJO‐modulated trade wind and precipitation anomalies, and can last as long as one MJO phase, whereas smoke is less affected.
The importance of low‐level environmental vertical wind shear to wildfire propagation: Proof of concept
Authors: Kochanski Adam , Jenkins Mary Ann , Sun Ruiyu , Krueger Steven , Abedi Sepideh , Charney Joseph 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study is a proof of concept of the sensitivity of grassfire propagation to vertical shear in the near‐surface environmental flow found through four comparative grassfire numerical simulations with a coupled wildfire‐atmosphere model. A unidirectional constant wind field, under neutral atmospheric conditions, no surface friction, Coriolis force or topography, and homogeneous fuel, prescribes the model environment. By using the same surface (at 6.2 m above ground level) wind speed for all simulations, analyses of the results can suggest when the behavior and spread rate of the fire may depend more on the interaction of the fire plume with the shear in the above surface wind or more on the magnitude of the mean upstream surface wind speed at the surface. Three aspects of wildfire behavior are investigated: impact of unidirectional vertical shear on surface flow properties and fire line propagation; variability in fire spread and area burnt due to the evolution of the surface flow; and implications of low‐level vertical wind shear on the prediction of wildfire, especially extreme or erratic, behavior.
Advance directives in the perioperative setting: Managing ethical and legal issues when patient rights and perceived obligations of the healthcare provider conflict
Authors: Williams Stephen P. , Howe Christopher L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPerhaps individual wishes are not always acknowledged or accepted when it comes to end‐of‐life care. This possibility, in conjunction with the experiences of healthcare risk managers, should cause concern in the healthcare risk management community. One particularly concerning issue where a persistent failure to honor a patient's wishes exists is with Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders in the perioperative arena. Despite a strong focus on informed consent and advance directives, evidence suggests a number of healthcare organizations either have no policy in place regarding DNR orders during the perioperative period, or, for those organizations that do have a policy, many call for automatic suspension of the DNR order without consultation with the patient. This latter practice poses many ethical, medico‐legal, and regulatory concerns, and healthcare organizations with such a policy in place should strongly consider revisiting this practice.
Over‐Expression of the Overexpressed in Lung Cancer 1 Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jia Changru , Li Xia , Sun Huaping , Sui Lihua 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe overexpressed in lung cancer 1 (OLC1), a novel tumor associated gene, is upregulated in several carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased expression of OLC1 is associated with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) that diagnosed in patients.MethodsOLC1 expression was assayed in 20 normal ovarian and 139 ovarian cancer's specimens by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining (IHC). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the association between OLC1 expression and prognosis.ResultsWestern blotting analysis demonstrated that OLC1 was overexpressed in ovarian cancers, and immunohistochemistry results revealed that 63 patients had increased level of OLC1. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with high OLC1 expression and low OLC1 expression were 24.8% and 75.2%, respectively (hazard ratio: 21.43, 95% CI: 2.54, 7.12, P < 0.0001). The 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 30.1% for patients in the high‐expression group and 69.9% for patients in the low OLC1 expression group (hazard ratio: 17.04, 95% CI: 0.33, 5.96, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsOLC1 over‐expression is an important factor in epithelial ovarian carcinoma prognosis and can be a potential biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 9999:XX–XX. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:847–852. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinicopathologic Significance of Putative Stem Cell Marker, CD44 and CD133, in Human Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: CHEN SHI , HOU JING‐HUI , FENG XING‐YU , ZHANG XIAO‐SHI , ZHOU ZHI‐WEI , YUN JING‐PING , CHEN YING‐BO , CAI MU‐YAN 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesCD44 and CD133 have been reported as putative stem cell markers. However, the clinicopathologic significance of CD44 and CD133 expression in patients with gastric carcinoma (GC) has not been clearly elucidated.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to investigate the CD44 and CD133 expression in gastric carcinomas and normal mucosal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, spearman's rank correlation, Kaplan–Meier plots, and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe highly expressed CD44 and CD133 were observed in 27/152 (17.7%) and 64/152 (42.1%) of GCs and in 4/60 (6.7%) and 15/60 (25.0%) normal gastric mucosal tissues, respectively (P < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). High expression of CD44 was significantly correlated with tumor poorer differentiation, presence of distant metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and tumor relapse; and high expression of CD133 was positively associated with tumor invasion depth, presence of distant metastasis and advanced TNM stage. More importantly, high‐expressed CD44 and CD133 were both associated with shorter survival as evidenced by univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur study introduces high expression of CD44 and CD133 as adverse independent prognostic factors in GC patients. The combined CD44 and CD133 expression may become a useful tool for identifying patients with different clinical outcomes. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:799–806. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amphiphilic Polypeptides as a Bifunctional Template in the Mineralization of Calcium Carbonate at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Cao Heng , Lin Guoqiang , Yao Jinrong , Shao Zhengzhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA well‐defined amphiphilic polypeptide, poly(glutamic acid)22‐block‐poly(alanine)8(PGlu22‐b‐PAla8), which plays the roles of both soluble (functional) additive and insoluble (structural) matrix, is employed to mediate the mineralization of CaCO3at the air/water interface. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, for example, show that the polymorph of CaCO3particles obtained is calcite. The observations from SEM and TEM suggest that PGlu22‐b‐PAla8initiates the amorphous precursor phase and heterogeneous nucleation of CaCO3at the air/water interface, while temporarily stabilizes the gelatinous precursors as a process‐directing agent; nevertheless, the initial concentration of Ca2+controls the procedure of crystallization and the final morphology of CaCO3particles. Such “bifunctional” amphiphilic‐polypeptide‐regulated mineralization at the air/water interface may be applied to the synthesis of many kinds of symmetrical inorganic/organic hybrids.magnified image
In Vitro Evaluation of Combined Sulfated Silk Fibroin Scaffolds for Vascular Cell Growth
Authors: Liu Haifeng , Ding Xili , Bi Yanxue , Gong Xianghui , Li Xiaoming , Zhou Gang , Fan Yubo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA combined sulfated silk fibroin scaffold is fabricated by modifying a knitted silk scaffold with sulfated silk fibroin sponges. In vitro hemocompatibility evaluation reveals that the combined sulfated silk fibroin scaffolds reduce platelet adhesion and activation, and prolong the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), and prothrombin time (PT). The response of porcine endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) on the scaffolds is studied to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. Vascular cells are seeded on the scaffolds and cultured for 2 weeks. The scaffolds demonstrate enhanced EC adhesion, proliferation, and maintenance of cellular functions. Moreover, the scaffolds inhibit SMC proliferation and induce expression of contractile SMC marker genes. magnified image
Poloxamine–Cyclodextrin–Simvastatin Supramolecular Systems Promote Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Simões Susana M. N. , Veiga Francisco , Torres‐Labandeira Juan J. , Ribeiro Ana Cristina F. , Concheiro Angel , Alvarez‐Lorenzo Carmen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOsteogenic/osteoinductive systems combine simvastatin, poloxamine Tetronic 908 (T908) and α‐cyclodextrins (αCDs) in a supramolecular network that enhances the solubility/stability of the simvastatin hydroxy acid form and synergistically promotes osteoblast differentiation. Incorporation of 5% αCD transforms dilute T908 solutions (as low as 2% copolymer) into gels, enhances the osteoinductive activity of T908, and provides simvastatin sustained release for more than one week, which results in higher and more prolonged alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The performance of the intrinsically osteoinductive polypseudorotaxane scaffold can be easily tuned by modifying the concentrations of T908, αCD, and simvastatin in a certain range of values. Moreover, the use of affordable, stable materials that can be sterilized applying a conventional method make the supramolecular gels advantageous candidates as scaffolds to be applied in the critical defect using minimally invasive techniques. magnified image
Roles of the Gac‐Rsm pathway in the regulation of phenazine biosynthesis in Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30‐84
Authors: Wang Dongping , Lee Sung‐Hee , Seeve Candace , Yu Jun Myoung , Pierson Leland S. , Pierson Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe GacS/GacA two‐component regulatory system activates the production of secondary metabolites including phenazines crucial for biological control activity in Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30‐84. To better understand the role of the Gac system on phenazine regulation, transcriptomic analyses were conducted by comparing the wild‐type strain to a gacA mutant. RNA‐seq analysis identified 771 genes under GacA control, including many novel genes. Consistent with previous findings, phenazine biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated in a gacA mutant. The transcript abundances of phenazine regulatory genes such as phzI, phzR, iopA, iopB, rpoS, and pip also were reduced. Moreover, the transcript abundance of three noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including rsmX, rsmY, and rsmZ was significantly decreased by gacA mutation consistent with the presence of consensus GacA‐binding sites associated with their promoters. Our results also demonstrated that constitutive expression of rsmZ from a non‐gac regulated promoter resulted in complete restoration of N‐acyl‐homoserine lactone (AHL) and phenazine production as well as the expression of other gac‐dependent secondary metabolites in gac mutants. The role of RsmA and RsmE in phenazine production also was investigated. Overexpression of rsmE, but not rsmA, resulted in decreased AHL and phenazine production in P. chlororaphis, and only a mutation in rsmE bypassed the requirement for GacA in phenazine gene expression. In contrast, constitutive expression of the phzI/phzR quorum sensing system did not rescue phenazine production in the gacA mutant, indicating the direct posttranscriptional control by Gac on the phenazine biosynthetic genes. On the basis of these results, we propose a model to illustrate the hierarchic role of phenazine regulators modulated by Gac in the control of phenazine production. The transcriptomic analysis also was used to identify additional genes regulated by GacA that may contribute to the biological control capability of strain 30‐84.
Clinical and posturographic correlates of falling in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Johnson Liam , James Ian , Rodrigues Julian , Stell Rick , Thickbroom Gary , Mastaglia Frank 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTVarious clinical tests and balance scales have been used to assess postural stability and the risk of falling in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). Quantitative posturography allows a more objective assessment but the findings in previous studies have been inconsistent and few studies have investigated which posturographic measures correlate best with a history of falling. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of clinical tests, balance scales, and stable‐platform posturography in detecting postural instability and discriminating between fallers and non‐fallers in a home‐dwelling PD cohort. Forty‐eight PD subjects (Hoehn & Yahr stage 1–3) and 17 age‐matched controls had the following assessments: Activities‐specific Balance Confidence scale, Berg Balance Scale, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) (motor), pull‐test, timed up‐and‐go, static posturography, and dynamic posturography to assess multidirectional leaning balance. Of the clinical assessments, all but the pull‐test were closely correlated with a history of falling. Static posturography discriminated between PD fallers and controls but not between PD fallers and non‐fallers, whereas dynamic posturography (reaction time, velocity, and target hit‐time) also discriminated between fallers and non‐fallers. Our findings suggest that this combination of clinical and posturographic measures would be useful in the prospective assessment of falls risk in PD patients. A further prospective study is now required to assess their predictive value. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Head injury and risk of Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jafari Siavash , Etminan Mahyar , Aminzadeh Farhad , Samii Ali 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHead trauma has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a meta‐analysis to investigate the association between head trauma and the risk of developing PD. We included observational studies if they (1) clearly defined PD, (2) defined head trauma leading to concussion, and (3) presented odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) or provided data to compute these statistics. Random effect model was used to estimate the pooled, adjusted OR. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated with the Q test and the I2 statistic. We conducted a sensitivity analysis to assess the influence of each study and repeated the analysis by excluding the studies with the largest weights. We used funnel plot to assess the presence of publication bias. After reviewing more than 636 article titles, 34 articles were selected for full review. In total, 22 studies (19 case–control studies, 2 nested case–control studies, and 1 cohort study) were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled OR for the association of PD and head trauma was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.35–1.83). The results of our meta‐analysis indicate that a history of head trauma that results in concussion is associated with a higher risk of developing PD. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
QF‐PCR as a substitute for karyotyping of cytotrophoblast for the analysis of chorionic villi: advantages and limitations from a cytogenetic retrospective audit of 44,727 first‐trimester prenatal diagnoses
Authors: Grati Francesca R. , Malvestiti Francesca , Grimi Beatrice , Gaetani Elisa , Di Meco Anna Maria , Trotta Anna , Liuti Rosaria , Chinetti Sara , Dulcetti Francesca , Ruggeri Anna Maria , Agrati Cristina , Frascoli Giuditta , Milani Silvia , De Toffol Simona , Martinoni Lorenza , Paganini Silvia , Marcato Livia , Maggi Federico , Simoni Giuseppe 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesKaryotyping on chorionic villous samples (CVS) includes the analysis of both cytotrophoblast (STC) and mesenchyme (LTC). This approach requires complex laboratory organization and trained technicians. The introduction of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF‐PCR) instead of conventional karyotyping in low‐risk pregnancies opened its application in CVS analysis. Discordant QF‐PCR and CVS cytogenetic results were reported, and strategies for CVS analysis were introduced to minimize this risk. The possibility to substitute the STC with QF‐PCR was reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate benefits and limitations of the approach QF‐PCR + LTC compared with the traditional method STC + LTC and to quantify the associated risks of false results.MethodThis study is based on a retrospective cytogenetic audit of CVS results (n = 44 727) generated by the STC + LTC analytic approach. False‐negative risks related to true fetal mosaicism type IV, imprinting syndromes and maternal contamination in LTC were calculated.ResultsCompared with STC + LTC, QF‐PCR + LTC approach is associated with a cumulative false‐negative risk of ~1/3100–1/4400. Costs and reporting time of STC in a high‐throughput cytogenetic lab are similar to a CE‐IVD marked QF‐PCR analysis.ConclusionsThese results should be clearly highlighted in the pre‐test counseling and extensively discussed with the couple prior to testing for informed consent. © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stimuli‐responsive star polymers
Authors: Kuckling Dirk , Wycisk Agnes 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTStimuli‐responsive star polymers gain more and more interest over the last decades due to their unique properties compared to their linear counterparts. The branched structure for instance has influence on the responsive behavior of these polymers. This review offers an overview of stimuli‐responsive star polymers generated by different polymerization techniques, e.g. anionic and controlled radical polymerization (CRP). Beside conventional branched homopolymers different other types like block copolymers, miktoarm star copolymers, core crosslinked star polymers (CCS) and comb polymers are also presented. Furthermore their responsive behavior in solution or immobilized on a substrate, and their applications are outlined. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2980–2994