bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategizing
Authors: Ganz Marshall 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this chapter the author introduces strategizing as a leadership practice: work of the head and how to turn what you have (resources) into what you need (power) to get what you want (change). A verb, rather than a noun, it is the ongoing adaptive practice of strategizing. Organizing strategy empowers people—a constituency—rooted in its own resources. As an example, the author draws on campaigns of the United Farm Workers (UFW) to illustrate ways strategic organizing can achieve its goals, strengthen the organization, and develop new leadership. Strategic organizing can link proximate local change with global structural change.
Implicit Musical Knowledge
Authors: Tymoczko Dmitri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that musical knowledge is often implicit, a matter of untheorized practical knowledge not available to conscious introspection. A central challenge of modern music theory is making this implicit knowledge explicit. Geometry, statistics, schema theory, and philosophy can all contribute to this effort. Statistical analysis can reveal schemas violating general grammatical principles; geometrical models can help us understand these schemas as responses to intrinsic features of musical space. What results is the concept of the quadruple hierarchy, in which surface voices move along chords that move along scales that move within a chromatic aggregate. This “thinking within the chord” requires treating chords as very small scales.
Why George Harrison?
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The introduction to Within You Without You, “Why George Harrison?,” provides the reader with a summary of Harrison’s life and career within and without the Beatles. It looks at how the group came together and how Harrison became a member. It traces his role in the band, initially as lead guitarist and expanding over the years to become a full-fledged contributing artist and songwriter standing shoulder to shoulder with John Lennon and Paul McCartney. It looks at Harrison’s role in popular music as an innovative guitarist with an expansive ear for new musical styles and experimental recording techniques. It also discusses Harrison’s anxiety over the potential for violence he saw inherent in the mass adoration of the group in the form of “Beatlemania.”
The Reluctant Beatle
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 of Within You Without You explores how George Harrison was hired by John Lennon on the basis of his virtuosity on electric guitar. The chapter also examines how his primary role in the Beatles remained as lead guitarist, despite his occasional lead vocals, songwriting contributions, and assistance to the group on a variety of other instruments and as an uncredited cocomposer of many of the group’s best-known hooks and riffs. It was never Harrison’s aspiration or expectation to become a co-leader of the group. Nevertheless, Harrison’s talent and versatility did not go ignored by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. By the group’s final album, Abbey Road, Harrison was considered a coequal of the leading duo, especially as a songwriter, with two of the group’s greatest hits: “Something” and “Here Comes the Sun.”
Leave Me Alone
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 of Within You Without You explores how George Harrison was the most unlikely of rock stars: an introvert who quickly grew weary of life on the road during the years of Beatlemania and the insanity of fame. The first song he wrote for the Beatles, “Don’t Bother Me,” is an early manifesto capturing his personality and entire mindset about fame. This chapter takes a deep dive into “Don’t Bother Me.” It reveals how the song established a template for Harrison’s songwriting as well as a left turn for the Beatles at a time when most of their songs were still about teenage love. In the words of English rock singer-songwriter Robyn Hitchcock, “ ‘Don’t Bother Me’ was the chrysalis from which emerged rainbow Krishna George, a sensitive, quavering singer whose voice trembled at the onslaughts of the world.”
The Chord
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 of Within You Without You, “The Chord,” closely examines the Beatles song “A Hard Day’s Night.” While the number was written and sung by John Lennon, the contributions to the recording by George Harrison as a composer of the unique intro and outro as well as his guitar solo midway through the song were essential elements that made the song the quintessential Beatles hit. While all four of the Beatles plus producer George Martin contributed to the playing of the opening chord—perhaps the single most recognizable chord in all of rock music history—Harrison mainly constructed the opening kerrang. He also deconstructed that chord to provide the basic elements of his guitar solo and to end the song in notes from the opening blast. Harrison’s inestimable contributions to the song represented a new beginning for the Beatles, introducing a new sophistication to their musical arrangements and ambitions.
The Space Between Us All
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 11 of Within You Without You, “The Space Between Us All,” closely examines George Harrison’s song “Within You Without You,” his sole songwriting contribution to the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album. The recording of that album came during a period when Harrison was fully immersed in his studies of Indian music and philosophy, particularly the tenets of Hinduism, all of which found their way into “Within You Without You,” his most sophisticated Hindustani-pop fusion effort, with an arrangement for an ensemble of Hindustani musicians all worked out in advance. George Martin wrote an accompanying arrangement for Western classical musicians, making for a fully realized, successful fusion of Indian and Western classical music contained in the form of a Western pop song.
Could Be “Sugar Pie Honey Bunch”
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 26 of Within You Without You, “Could Be ‘Sugar Pie Honey Bunch,’ ” closely examines George Harrison’s 1976 album, Thirty Three & 1/3. It was the first to be released on his own Dark Horse label and picked up where Harrison had left off with Extra Texture in his excursion into American soul music, from the song “Pure Smokey,” which was a tribute to his soul-singing idol Smokey Robinson, to “This Song,” his satirical retelling of the “My Sweet Lord” plagiarism debacle, which openly flaunted its similarity to classic 1960s R&B songs. The pleasant, consistent pop album included love songs, novelty songs, and even a Cole Porter tune. Harrison’s subsequent album, 1979’s George Harrison, largely featured weaker material and was stylistically inconsistent, ironic given that it was Harrison’s first album since All Things Must Pass to hand over the producer’s chair to the successful, big-time professional Russ Titelman.
Everybody’s Got Somebody to Lean On
Authors: Rogovoy Seth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 31 of Within You Without You, “Everybody’s Got Somebody to Lean On,” recounts the unlikely formation of the Traveling Wilburys, a rock ’n’ roll supergroup George Harrison put together that included his friends Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, Roy Orbison, and Jeff Lynne. The casual nature of the 1988 project brought out the best in these musicians, who wrote and recorded their first album as something of a lark, only to see it spawn several big hits, including Harrison’s “Handle with Care.” Shortly after the first Traveling Wilburys album was released, Roy Orbison passed away. The follow-up album released by the group two years later had its fun moments, but without Orbison’s ethereal vocal contributions, it ultimately failed to ignite. In the end, the Traveling Wilburys were more a legend than a band.
Structural Violence
Authors: Ruíz Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Enduring social inequalities in settler colonial societies are not an accident. They are produced and maintained by the self-repairing structural features and dynastic character of systemic racism and its intersecting oppressions. Using methods from diverse anticolonial liberation movements and systems theory, Structural Violence theorizes the existence of adaptive and self-replicating historical formations that underwrite cultures of violence in settler colonial societies. What often go untracked, however, are the corresponding epistemic forces tied to profit and wealth accumulation for beneficiary groups. The account offered here argues that these epistemic forces play a central role in producing and maintaining massive health inequalities and the maldistribution of disease burdens—including those associated with sexual violence—for marginalized populations. It upends the widespread view that dismantling structural racism can be done without addressing gendered violence, and it advocates for a theory of change rooted in reparative action and models of structural competency that respond to the built-in design of structural violence and the ecosystems of impunity that allow it to thrive.
Structural Violence Is Historical
Authors: Ruíz Elena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 gives the example of testimony to show how settler colonial impunity is a historically and hermeneutically bone-deep phenomenon tied to the endurance of gender-based violence. Since the beginning of european colonization, sexual violence against racialized women in the Americas has persevered despite the enactment of sweeping social reforms associated with the rise of democratic nation-states. Administrative structures enable wide-scale impunity for sexual violence and allow its production by interlocking oppressions to continue unabated. The increasing impact and scope of sexual violence against racialized women since the start of european colonization is indicative of the structural automation of injustice produced by structurally invariant settler colonial systems. This chapter draws on legal case studies and a conceptual history of testimony in gender-based violence cases to illustrate how structural invariance sustains white dynastic formations through social transformations.
Fernando Pessoa
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935) is the quintessential philosophical outsider. Affiliated with no institution and associated with no traditional school, in his prose fiction and poetry Pessoa invents a new philosophy of the human subject. Writing both in Portuguese and English, Pessoa argues that imagination is key to human flourishing and human self-enrichment. Each of us, he claims, can use our powers of imagination to pluralize ourselves—that is to say, to live, simultaneously and in sequence, as a plurality of distinct subjects. Calling these artefact minds “heteronyms,” Pessoan synthetic selves are new ways to poetically experience the world. Pessoa’s new theory of the human subject is a radical departure from the history of Christian or Islamic thought. It is, on the other hand, deeply resonant with strands of thinking about the nature of self found in classical India. Reconstructing ourselves in imagination is a theme central to the great philosophical storybook of India, the Mokṣopāya or Yogavāsiṣṭha, a metaphysical tale of nested virtual realities and virtual selves. There are anticipations of Pessoa’s ideas too in the Mahābhārata. Fernando Pessoa, whose time in Durban briefly overlapped with that of Mahatma Gandhi, was well-read in Indian literature, having in his library the poetry of Rabindranath Tagore and books about Indian philosophy. He discusses the Upaniṣads and what he calls “the Indian ideal.” Indeed, from in of his more esoteric writings it is possible to identify a new variety of panpsychism in the spirit of Coleridge and Whitman.
Self-Estrangement
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pessoa’s first published piece of creative writing, from 1913 and already announced as a trailer for his never-finished Book of Disquiet, is entitled “In the Forest of Estrangement.” The forest is for Pessoa a metaphor for an artificial reality, and the story contains a first intimation of the idea of heteronymy. A heteronym is another I; not merely another name for myself, my heteronym is another me, who is nevertheless not me. What are we to make of this bizarre-sounding, seemingly paradoxical idea? How can there be another me who is not me? This chapter shows that the idea is not, after all, paradoxical but makes good philosophical sense. One can imagine being another.
Artefact Minds
Authors: Ganeri Jonardon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
If we look very carefully we can detect traces of heteronymy in Daniel F. Galouye’s 1964 cult science fiction classic Simulacron-3, a novel whose primary aim is to explore the consequences of discovering that one is nothing more than a simulation in a virtual environment created by an electronic machine (an early anticipation of the so-called simulation hypothesis). David Chalmers argues in his book about virtual reality, Reality+, that virtual reality is genuine reality and that simulated minds are genuine minds. He does not, however, consider the possibility that there can be virtual subjects immersed within virtual realities. The word “avatar” is one of those that has made it across from Sanskrit into English. This chapter demonstrates that in its original meaning an avatāra is not merely a virtual incarnation but has associations more resembling true heteronymy.
Greek Polis
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Greek city-state, the polis, which had the imprint of a political philosophy: democracy and equality. There were three zones: private houses, places for worship (the acropolis), and public space (such as the agora, which was a place of assembly and a marketplace). Modern Greek cities like Athens have a few remaining remnants of the original polis, notably the Acropolis, but in smaller cities such as Argos it is possible to see the imprint of the ancient form. There are other meanings attached to the Greek city-state besides politics. For one, the polis is said to exemplify nature in the sense that the parts of the town were connected to the whole of the town. Greek cities mirrored an underlying social structure, and public spaces were the enablers of social life. It was a form that relied on an organized workforce. However, it is important to note that citizenship was selective and did not extend to women or slaves.
Wide Streets
Authors: Talen Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the significance of wide streets. It clarifies that wide streets were not created solely to accommodate wheeled traffic. The streets may have additional utilitarian purposes, but wide streets are often regarded as a thing of beauty. Ancient cities were laid out with wide, straight streets purposefully to allow greater airflow in the city. Meanwhile, wide streets imposed in places not at all accustomed to them have been interpreted as an act of oppression. The chapter mentions how the loss of relationship between property owner and street maintenance contributed to the modern city's love of the wide street.
The Die Is Cast
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In February 1797, Congress gathered to witness the certification of the Electoral College results of the 1796 Presidential Election. President George Washington, Vice President John Adams, the cabinet secretaries, local dignitaries, foreign minister, the House of Representatives and the Senate gathered at Congress Hall in Philadelphia to hear the results. Adams announced his own name. Over the next month, Adams then navigated the first transition. He selected a cabinet and established the foundation of his foreign policy. Adams also extended an olive branch to the vice president-elect, Thomas Jefferson, who had been the Republican candidate in the election.
A Dishonorable Infidelity
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
John Adams finally assembled his peace commission and issued detailed instructions for John Marshall and Elbridge Gerry before they set sail to join Charles Cotesworth Pinckney in Paris. Back in Philadelphia, two scandals roiled the political scene. James Monroe finally returned from France, where he had served until President Washington recalled him for gross misconduct in 1796. He was spoiling for a fight and kicked up a newspaper battle with Secretary of State Timothy Pickering. Second, Alexander Hamilton published a pamphlet confessing to marital indiscretions and blackmail payments to clear his name of fraud allegations while in office as secretary of the treasury. Both scandals intensified existing partisan tensions and made Adams’s bipartisan unity policy nearly impossible.
The Air of an Abdication
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Secretary Timothy Pickering was disgusted by the president’s absence from the seat of government but welcomed the freedom to pursue his own policies. First, he negotiated a treaty with Saint-Domingue to open the former French colony to American trade. Second, he instructed the local US attorney to prosecute newspaper editors, including William Duane, on sedition charges. Finally, he embraced any opportunity to thwart the president’s peace mission to France. Several of John Adams’s allies warned him of the machinations in the cabinet, but he either missed or ignored the threat.
An Apple of Discord to the Federalists
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In fall 1799, John Adams undermined the army by preventing Secretary of War James McHenry from staffing the officer corps, while encouraging the development of the navy. He also prodded Secretary of State Timothy Pickering to finalize the directions for the peace commission so the envoys could sail for France. When Pickering and his Essex Junto allies received word of a change in the French government, they used the news to delay the mission. Adams could not permit this direct insubordination, so he ordered the commission to set sail by November 1, 1799. His decision defended presidential prerogative from a devious plot by the cabinet to siphon away control. But it also exposed the breach within the Federalist Party with important consequences for the coming presidential election.
The Late President of the United States, Is No More!
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As the yellow fever receded, the president, the cabinet, and Congress returned to Philadelphia. Among the ranks of congressmen was a new face—John Marshall. Marshall had won a seat in the House of Representatives a few months earlier after George Washington had strongarmed him into running. Marshall immediately became the leader of a coalition of moderate Federalists and Republicans and guided Congress through an unprecedented moment when George Washington died that December. Adams said and did all the right things, but a weight was lifted. For the first time he was president without Washington’s shadow hovering from Mount Vernon.
Their Gag in My Mouth
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In early 1800, Timothy Pickering continued his crusade against Republican newspaper editors, instigating several sedition prosecutions. He also vented his bitterness on William Vans Murray, who had supported the peace mission. Meanwhile, in the Senate, the Arch Federalists launched their own campaign against Republicans. Senator James Ross introduced a bill to create a committee to adjudicate the results of the elections in the event of irregularities. But only the committee had the power to decide what counted as an irregularity and the power to decide the outcome of the election. There was no checking mechanism and no recourse. In the House, John Marshall beat back the proposed legislation, defeating the first threat to the sanctity of elections.
Hocus-Pocus Maneuvers
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In April, the election of 1800 officially commenced with the state elections in New York, pitting Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton against each other. When the Republicans seized control of the legislature, they also won the power to name the state’s electors for presidential election. After the New York election, both the Republican and Federalist Parties convened their caucuses to select candidates. The Republicans again selected Thomas Jefferson and Burr. The Federalists chose John Adams and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, but put them forth equally, rather than one candidate as president and one as vice president. It was a huge insult to Adams and opened the door to electoral math shenanigans that fall.
A Change in the Administration
Authors: Chervinsky Lindsay M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Freed from any lingering considerations about the Federalist Party nomination, John Adams finally cleared his cabinet of the worst Essex Junto partisans. James McHenry resigned when Adams confronted him about the election. Adams then offered Pickering the opportunity to resign. When Pickering refused, Adams fired him. Pickering’s dismissal was unprecedented, as all of Washington’s secretaries had resigned or retired. When the Senate confirmed John Marshall as the next secretary of state, it tacitly accepted the president’s right to remove cabinet secretaries at will. Adams staunchly defended the president’s authority over the executive branch and established the precedent that cabinet secretaries do not get to dictate policy.
Reimagining Missionary Schools for Girls
Authors: Bond Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6, the book’s conclusion, explores the afterlife of missionary schools for girls, highlighting how alumnae understand the impact that going to a missionary school had on their careers and later lives. The chapter highlights the nationalization and commercialization of missionary campuses since the reform and opening policies of 1978, in the context of re-emerging middle-class gendered identities and lifestyles in modern China. The history of missionary schoolgirls’ gendered experiments with nationalism, Christianity, feminism, and Communism can reveal important and still highly relevant insights into the cyclical making and unmaking of elite Chinese gendered identities across the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
‘Homosexuals in Society’
Authors: Grundy David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Robert Duncan’s 1944 essay ‘The Homosexual in Society’ was arguably the first published piece of out gay writing in modern-day America. A courageous public admission of sexual orientation that paved the way for gay liberation, the essay was, paradoxically, a critique of existing models of queer community. Following time in New York, Duncan returned to his native San Francisco, joining Jack Spicer, Robin Blaser, and Landis Everson in a group they dubbed the ‘Berkeley Renaissance’, providing the context for an emergent gay male aesthetic. Outlining the initial contexts for Duncan’s essay, the chapter turns to Duncan’s poetry of the later 1940s and its contradictory figurations of poetic community. I focus on the problematic analogies Duncan draws between racialization, empire, and sexuality; on the relation of private to public, coterie to domestic—a prevailing tension in Duncan’s work; and on the building of a queer counter-canon.