bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal microchimerism and maternal health: A review and evolutionary analysis of cooperation and conflict beyond the womb
Authors: Boddy Amy M. , Fortunato Angelo , Wilson Sayres Melissa , Aktipis Athena 
Published: August 2015

The presence of fetal cells has been associated with both positive and negative effects on maternal health. These paradoxical effects may be due to the fact that maternal and offspring fitness interests are aligned in certain domains and conflicting in others, which may have led to the evolution of fetal microchimeric phenotypes that can manipulate maternal tissues. We use cooperation and conflict theory to generate testable predictions about domains in which fetal microchimerism may enhance maternal health and those in which it may be detrimental. This framework suggests that fetal cells may function both to contribute to maternal somatic maintenance (e.g. wound healing) and to manipulate maternal physiology to enhance resource transmission to offspring (e.g. enhancing milk production). In this review, we use an evolutionary framework to make testable predictions about the role of fetal microchimerism in lactation, thyroid function, autoimmune disease, cancer and maternal emotional, and psychological health.Also watch the Video Abstract.
Microarray profiling of preselected CHO host cell subclones identifies gene expression patterns associated with in‐creased production capacity
Authors: Harreither Eva , Hackl Matthias , Pichler Johannes , Shridhar Smriti , Auer Norbert , Łabaj Pawelł P. , Scheideler Marcel , Karbiener Michael , Grillari Johannes , Kreil David P. , Borth Nicole 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOver the last three decades, product yields from CHO cells have increased dramatically, yet specific productivity (qP) remains a limiting factor. In a previous study, using repeated cell‐sorting, we have established different host cell subclones that show superior transient qP over their respective parental cell lines (CHO‐K1, CHO‐S). The transcriptome of the resulting six cell lines in different biological states (untransfected, mock transfected, plasmid transfected) was first explored by hierarchical clustering and indicated that gene activity associated with increased qP did not stem from a certain cellular state but seemed to be inherent for a high qP host line. We then performed a novel gene regression analysis identifying drivers for an increase in qP. Genes significantly implicated were first systematically tested for enrichment of GO terms using a Bayesian approach incorporating the hierarchical structure of the GO term tree. Results indicated that specific cellular components such as nucleus, ER, and Golgi are relevant for cellular productivity. This was complemented by targeted GSA that tested functionally homogeneous, manually curated subsets of KEGG pathways known to be involved in transcription, translation, and protein processing. Significantly implicated pathways included mRNA surveillance, proteasome, protein processing in the ER and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport.
Development and validation of a rapid LC‐MS/MS method to quantify letrozole in human plasma and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Shao Rong , Yu Ling‐yan , Lou Hong‐gang , Ruan Zou‐rong , Jiang Bo , Chen Jin‐liang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA selective, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of letrozole (LTZ) in human plasma, using anastrozole as internal standard (IS). Sample preparation was performed by one‐step protein precipitation with methanol. The analyte and IS were chromatographed on a reversed‐phase YMC‐ODS‐C18 column (2.0 × 100 mm i.d., 3 µm) with a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and methanol containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v). The mass spectrometer was operated in selected reaction monitoring mode through electrospray ionization ion mode using the transitions of m/z 286.2 → 217.1 for LTZ and m/z 294.1 → 225.1 for IS, respectively. The method was validated for selectivity, linearity, lower limit of quantitation, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and stability in accordance with the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Linear calibration curves were 1.0–60.0 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐batch precision (CV) for LTZ were <9.34%, and the accuracy ranged from 97.43 to 105.17%. This method was successfully used for the analysis of samples from patients treated with LTZ in the dose of 2.5 mg/day. It might be suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of these patients and contribute to predict the risk of adverse reactions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalysis of an Essential Step in Vitamin B2 Biosynthesis by a Consortium of Broad Spectrum Hydrolases
Authors: Sarge Sonja , Haase Ilka , Illarionov Boris , Laudert Dietmar , Hohmann Hans‐Peter , Bacher Adelbert , Fischer Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn enzyme catalysing the essential dephosphorylation of the riboflavin precursor, 5‐amino‐6‐ribitylamino‐2,4(1H,3H)‐pyrimidinedione 5′‐phosphate (6), was purified about 800‐fold from a riboflavin‐producing Bacillus subtilis strain, and was assigned as the translation product of the ycsE gene by mass spectrometry. YcsE is a member of the large haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily. The recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. It catalyses the hydrolysis of 6 (vmax, 12 μmol mg−1 min−1; KM, 54 μm) and of FMN (vmax, 25 μmol mg−1 min−1; KM, 135 μm). A ycsE deletion mutant of B. subtilis was not riboflavin dependent. Two additional proteins (YwtE, YitU) that catalyse the hydrolysis of 6 at appreciable rates were identified by screening 13 putative HAD superfamily members from B. subtilis. The evolutionary processes that have resulted in the handling of an essential step in the biosynthesis of an essential cofactor by a consortium of promiscuous enzymes require further analysis.
Evidence of a role for S. cerevisiae α‐arrestin Art1 (Ldb19) in mating projection and zygote formations
Authors: Choudhary Pooja , Loewen Michele C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe discovery of arrestin‐mediated biased signalling mechanisms for mammalian G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) has revolutionized the field over the last decade. Now, with the recent demonstration of a role for α‐arrestins in internalization of the yeast pheromone GPCR, Ste2p, the possibility of arrestin‐mediated alternate GPCR functionalities in yeast also follows. Here, the effects of knockout and complementation of yeast α‐arrestin expression during mating are reported. Although minor effects on classical pheromone‐related signalling are noted for a few arrestins, much stronger effects were observed downstream of cell cycle arrest, in particular linking Ldb19 (Art1) to mediation of zygote formation. Subsequent phenotypic observations linked this activity to more pronounced projection formation in an Art1 complemented noncuple α‐arrestin knockout line, compared to the knockout‐line alone, or either of the Art3 or Art6 complemented lines. Together with the observation of ligand‐stimulated localization of Art‐GFP to the mating projection, a possible role for this arrestin‐like protein in projection formation is supported. While leaving the full mechanism of alternate Art1 functionality to be elucidated, together these findings implicate Art1 in selective regulation of mating events downstream of receptor internalization and cell cycle arrest, leading to schmoo, and ultimately zygote formation.
The Power of Single‐Atom Catalysis
Authors: Liang Suxia , Hao Ce , Shi Yantao 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) with individual and isolated metal atoms anchored to supports can act as active centers. Single‐atom catalysis is powerful and attractive because SACs have demonstrated distinguishing performances, such as drastic cost‐reduction, notable catalytic activity, and selectivity. Herein, we firstly introduce SAC, including the concept and some key issues in synthesis and catalysis. Then, the power of single‐atom catalysis is highlighted and the most recent advances are summarized. It is very encouraging that in recent years our understanding of SACs has increased, owing to substantial studies regarding sample preparation, characterization, evaluation, and also mechanistic interpretation. On the other hand, great challenges still remain for SACs.
Gd‐DTPA‐Dopamine‐Bisphytanyl Amphiphile: Synthesis, Characterisation and Relaxation Parameters of the Nanoassemblies and Their Potential as MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Willis Scott A. , Waddington Lynne J. , Stait‐Gardner Tim , de Campo Liliana , Hwang Dennis W. , Kirby Nigel , Price William S. , Moghaddam Minoo J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHere, a new amphiphilic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, a GdIII‐chelated diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid conjugated to two branched alkyl chains via a dopamine spacer, Gd‐DTPA‐dopamine‐bisphytanyl (Gd‐DTPA‐Dop‐Phy), which is readily capable of self‐assembling into liposomal nanoassemblies upon dispersion in an aqueous solution, is reported. In vitro relaxivities of the dispersions were found to be much higher than Magnevist, a commercially available contrast agent, at 0.47 T but comparable at 9.40 T. Analysis of variable temperature 17O NMR transverse relaxation measurements revealed the water exchange of the nanoassemblies to be faster than that previously reported for paramagnetic liposomes. Molecular reorientation dynamics were probed by 1H NMRD profiles using a classical inner and outer sphere relaxation model and a Lipari–Szabo “model‐free” approach. High payloads of GdIII ions in the liposomal nanoassemblies made solely from the Gd‐DTPA‐Dop‐Phy amphiphiles, in combination with slow molecular reorientation and fast water exchange makes this novel amphiphile a suitable candidate to be investigated as an advanced MRI contrast agent.
Mimicking Tyrosine Phosphorylation in Human Cytochrome c by the Evolved tRNA Synthetase Technique
Authors: Guerra‐Castellano Alejandra , Díaz‐Quintana Antonio , Moreno‐Beltrán Blas , López‐Prados Javier , Nieto Pedro M. , Meister Wiebke , Staffa Jana , Teixeira Miguel , Hildebrandt Peter , De la Rosa Miguel A. , Díaz‐Moreno Irene 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPhosphorylation of tyrosine 48 of cytochrome c is related to a wide range of human diseases due to the pleiotropic role of the heme‐protein in cell life and death. However, the structural conformation and physicochemical properties of phosphorylated cytochrome c are difficult to study as its yield from cell extracts is very low and its kinase remains unknown. Herein, we report a high‐yielding synthesis of a close mimic of phosphorylated cytochrome c, developed by optimization of the synthesis of the non‐canonical amino acid p‐carboxymethyl‐L‐phenylalanine (pCMF) and its efficient site‐specific incorporation at position 48. It is noteworthy that the Y48pCMF mutation significantly destabilizes the FeMet bond in the ferric form of cytochrome c, thereby lowering the pKa value for the alkaline transition of the heme‐protein. This finding reveals the differential ability of the phosphomimic protein to drive certain events. This modified cytochrome c might be an important tool to investigate the role of the natural protein following phosphorylation.
Directing/Protecting‐Group‐Free Synthesis of Tetraaryl‐Substituted Pyrazoles through Four Direct Arylations on an Unsubstituted Pyrazole Scaffold
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Morita Taiki , Johmoto Kohei , Uekusa Hidehiro , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA directing/protecting‐group‐free synthesis of 1,3,4,5‐tetraaryl‐substituted pyrazoles was achieved through four transition metal‐catalyzed direct arylations. Various pyrazoles with four different aryl rings were obtained using readily available reagents from an unsubstituted pyrazole. Two aryl‐substituted pyrazoles showed intense violet fluorescence, high quantum yields (Φf=0.68, 0.64), and large Stokes shifts (19000, 15200 cm−1).
Vicinal α,β‐Functionalizations of Amines: Cyclization Versus Dehydrogenative Hydrolysis
Authors: Jiang Fan , Achard Mathieu , Bruneau Christian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDirect vicinal α,β‐difunctionalization of tertiary cyclic amines is achieved in the presence of ruthenium or iridium transition‐metal complexes featuring phosphine‐sulfonate chelates. By varying the reaction conditions, α‐alkylated lactams were obtained by a formal dehydrogenative hydrolysis in which one molecule of hydrogen is generated from water.
INHIBIT‐Inspired Two‐Output DNA Logic Gates Based on Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: Wu Zitong , Dong Boran , Zhou Xiaodong , Shen Aiguo , Hu Jiming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein, we presented a novel logic gate based on an INHIBITION gate that performs parallel readouts. Logic gates performing INHIBITION and YES/OR were constructed using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering as optical outputs for the first time. The strategy allowed for simultaneous reading of outputs in one tube. The applicability of this strategy has been successfully exemplified in the construction of half‐adder using the two‐output logic gates as reporting gates. This reporting strategy provides additional design flexibility for dynamic DNA devices.
Chiroptical Properties of Streptorubin B: The Synergy Between Theory and Experiment
Authors: Andrade Marta S. , Silva Vanessa S. , Lourenço Ana M. , Lobo Ana M. , Rzepa Henry S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAnalysis of the calculated and measured optical rotation (OR) together with other calculated chiroptical properties such as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) of the prodigiosin alkaloid streptorubin B shows that these are dominated by the pseudoenantiomeric atropisomers anti‐(S)‐streptorubin B (1A) and syn‐(S)‐streptorubin (1B). Atropisomerism is a dynamic phenomenon with a potentially nonequilibrium population of isomers, and accordingly the measured chiroptical responses may vary with time, concentration, temperature, and the anion of the salts used. Streptorubin also has the potential to form stacked homodimers for which the optical rotations measured at 589 nm can vary greatly due to the presence of ECD‐active electronic transitions in this region. Chirality 27:745–751, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthese von aliphatischen Aldehyden aus Alkanen und Kohlendioxid: Valeraldehyd aus Butan und CO2 – Machbarkeit und Grenzen
Authors: Fritschi Susanne , Korth Wolfgang , Julis Jennifer , Kruse Daniela , Hahn Hanna , Franke Robert , Fleischer Ivana , Chowdhury Abhishek Dutta , Weding Nico , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias , Jess Andreas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBei der Optimierung chemischer Prozesse stehen die Steigerung der Energieeffizienz und die Einsparung von CO2‐Emissionen immer mehr im Fokus. Bei der Herstellung von Aldehyden könnte dies durch die Nutzung von Sonnenenergie zur fotokatalytischen Alkan‐Dehydrierung und der anschließenden Hydroformylierung mit CO2 erreicht werden. Mögliche Wege zur Identifikation geeigneter Katalysatorkonzepte für beide Reaktionsschritte, kinetische Untersuchungen zur fotokatalytischen Alkan‐Dehydrierung und die technische Machbarkeit der Hydroformylierung mit CO2 in einem kontinuierlichen Gasphasenprozess werden beschrieben. Zudem werden die für eine technische Anwendung zu lösenden Probleme diskutiert und beide Prozesse ökonomisch und ökologisch bewertet.
Dyes and Redox Couples with Matched Energy Levels: Elimination of the Dye‐Regeneration Energy Loss in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jiang Dianlu , Darabedian Narek , Ghazarian Sevak , Hao Yuanqiang , Zhgamadze Maxim , Majaryan Natalie , Shen Rujuan , Zhou Feimeng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a significant dye‐regeneration force (ΔGreg0≥0.5 eV) is usually required for effective dye regeneration, which results in a major energy loss and limits the energy‐conversion efficiency of state‐of‐art DSSCs. We demonstrate that when dye molecules and redox couples that possess similar conjugated ligands are used, efficient dye regeneration occurs with zero or close‐to‐zero driving force. By using Ru(dcbpy)(bpy)22+ as the dye and Ru(bpy)2(MeIm)23+//2+ as the redox couple, a short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 4 mA cm−2 and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.9 V were obtained with a ΔGreg0 of 0.07 eV. The same was observed for the N3 dye and Ru(bpy)2(SCN)21+/0 (ΔGreg0=0.0 eV), which produced an Jsc of 2.5 mA cm−2 and Voc of 0.6 V. Charge recombination occurs at pinholes, limiting the performance of the cells. This proof‐of‐concept study demonstrates that high Voc values can be attained by significantly curtailing the dye‐regeneration force.
A Highly Water‐Dispersible/Magnetically Separable Palladium Catalyst: Selective Transfer Hydrogenation or Direct Reductive N‐Formylation of Nitroarenes in Water
Authors: Karimi Babak , Mansouri Fariborz , Vali Hojatollah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSimple ion exchange of the chloride anion of an ionic‐liquid‐functionalized magnetic nanoparticle with [PdCl4]2− provided a highly water‐dispersible and magnetically separable palladium catalyst that exhibited excellent activity toward transfer hydrogenation reactions in water as a solvent. The catalyst demonstrated outstanding performance in aqueous‐phase transfer hydrogenation of various nitroarenes in a highly chemo‐ and regioselective manner by using HCOONH4 as a low‐cost, green, and easily available hydrogen donor. Also, by using only 0.25 mol % of the catalyst and formic acid as both a hydrogen donor and formylating agent, the catalyst showed excellent activity in the one‐pot, direct synthesis of N‐arylformamides from nitroarenes in water as a solvent. Notably, owing to the presence of a hydrophilic ionic liquid on the surface of silica‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles, the catalyst showed highly stable dispersion in water, as evidenced by the zeta potential and extremely low affinity to the organic phase. These features make this catalyst system suitable for an efficient double‐separation strategy (successive extraction/final magnetic separation). The recovered aqueous phase containing the catalyst can be simply and efficiently reused in eight runs without a decrease in activity and can be easily separated from the aqueous phase at the end of the process by applying an external magnetic field.
Isolation of Renewable Phenolics by Adsorption on Ultrastable Hydrophobic MIL‐140 Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Van de Voorde Ben , Damasceno Borges Daiane , Vermoortele Frederik , Wouters Robin , Bozbiyik Belgin , Denayer Joeri , Taulelle Francis , Martineau Charlotte , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume , De Vos Dirk 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe isolation and separation of phenolic compounds from aqueous backgrounds is challenging and will gain in importance as we become more dependent on phenolics from lignocellulose‐derived bio‐oil to meet our needs for aromatic compounds. Herein, we show that highly stable and hydrophobic Zr metal–organic frameworks of the MIL‐140 type are effective adsorbent materials for the separation of different phenolics and far outperform other classes of porous solids (silica, zeolites, carbons). The mechanism of the hydroquinone–catechol separation on MIL‐140C was studied in detail by combining experimental results with computational techniques. Although the differences in adsorption enthalpy between catechol and hydroquinone are negligible, the selective uptake of catechol in MIL‐140C is explained by its dense π–π stacking in the pores. The interplay of enthalpic and entropic effects allowed separation of a complex, five‐compound phenol mixture through breakthrough over a MIL‐140C column. Unlike many other metal–organic frameworks, MIL‐140C is remarkably stable and maintained structure, porosity and performance after five adsorption–desorption cycles.
Metal‐free and Scalable Synthesis of Porous Hyper‐cross‐linked Polymers: Towards Applications in Liquid‐Phase Adsorption
Authors: Schute Kai , Rose Marcus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA metal‐free route for the synthesis of hyper‐cross‐linked polymers (HCP) based on Brønsted acids such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid as well as H2SO4 is reported. It is an improved method compared to conventional synthesis strategies that use stoichiometric amounts of metal‐based Lewis acids such as FeCl3. The resulting high‐performance adsorbents exhibit a permanent porosity with high specific surface areas up to 1842 m2 g−1. Easy scalability of the HCP synthesis is proven on the multi‐gram scale. All chemo‐physical properties are preserved. Water‐vapor adsorption shows that the resulting materials exhibit an even more pronounced hydrophobicity compared to the conventionally prepared materials. The reduced surface polarity enhances the selectivity in the liquid‐phase adsorption of the biogenic platform chemical 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural.
Biomass‐Derived Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Aerogels from a Salt Melt Sol–Gel Synthesis and their Performance in Li–S Batteries
Authors: Schipper Florian , Vizintin Alen , Ren Jiawen , Dominko Robert , Fellinger Tim‐Patrick 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn ionothermal sol–gel strategy to synthesize hierarchically porous carbon aerogels doped with different heteroatoms is presented by using biomass precursors in a scalable process. Morphologically similar but chemically different materials are used to study the influence of heteroatoms in Li–S batteries. The materials show capacities as high as 1290 mAh g−1 in the first cycle using 50 wt % S loading. Heteroatom doping reduces the capacity fading and the polarization throughout cycling. Zeta potential measurements reveal positive surface charges for heteroatom‐doped carbons and indicate attractive interactions with polysulfides causing reduced fading. A polysulfide‐selective sorption study reveals strongly different adsorption behavior depending on the carbon’s chemical composition. Interestingly, the polysulfide fraction is also crucial. The results indicate that improved adsorption of long‐chain polysulfides to doped carbons is related to improved capacity retention.
Mind the gap: treefalls as drivers of parental trade‐offs
Authors: Rojas Bibiana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTree‐fall gaps are small‐scale disturbances whose formation, colonization, and role in forest dynamics are well documented, but whose effects on animal ecology are still greatly overlooked, except for studies comparing species richness of gaps 6+ months old to that in the closed canopy. Other factors associated with the invasion of fresh tree‐fall gaps such as animal breeding adaptations have been largely neglected. I studied the immediate (within hours and days) arrival of the poison frog Dendrobates tinctorius in new tree‐fall gaps to examine the dynamics of their invasion in relation to tadpole rearing. I found that rearing sites are occupied sooner and tadpoles deposited at higher rates in fresh gaps than in the closed forest, but that the rate of cannibalism is also much greater in the former. This suggests that invading new tree‐fall gaps can be the best parental decision when parents arrive early because they get access to fresh, high‐quality resources, but it could be to the detriment of the offspring if parents arrive late, because of overcrowding and cannibalism. These results highlight the importance of studying the earliest stages of invasions in order to have a better understanding of the composition of communities in disturbed ecosystems at later successional stages.