Abstract A25: Dysregulation of MYC via STAT1 promotes tumor progression in serous papillary endometrial cancer
Authors: Kharma Budiman , Baba Tsukasa , Matsumura Noriomi , Murakami Ryusuke , Yamaguchi Ken , Hamanishi Junzo , Mandai Masaki , Konishi Ikuo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Serous papillary endometrial cancers (SPEC) harboring several genetic alterations, such as TP53 mutation, are known highly progressive with worse prognosis compared with endometrioid counter-part, but it still remains unclear which molecular pathway is responsible for their unfavorable features. The IFN-γ; transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) has been considered as a tumor suppressor with transcription-dependent and transcription-independent mechanisms, but recent studies showed STAT1 was associated with poor prognosis, and was involved in maintaining basal expression of tumor pro-survival STAT3 target genes, such as MYC, with unclear mechanism in some cancers. A previous report of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) indicated MYC amplification in some SPECs; as MYC is known to be maintained also by STAT1, we investigate the role of STAT1-MYC axis in the malignant features of SPECs.
Gene expression microarray was conducted for 63 endometrial cancer samples and SPEC cell line, SPAC-1L. Immunohistochemical staining were conducted using endometrial cancer samples under protocols approved by the Institutional Review Board to investigate SPEC-specific pathways (Kyoto cohort: n=91, Vancouver cohort: n=462). Using SPAC-1L cell line, several functional assay in vitro such as cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis under treatment of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel were assessed with or without suppressing target genes. In vivo tumorigenesis was performed in mouse model and some computational analysis were done in silico.
Gene expression microarray analysis revealed STAT1 pathway was commonly activated in SPECs both in our dataset and TCGA dataset as a key molecule of ‘SPEC signature’. In two independent cohorts, STAT1 expression was confirmed significantly higher in SPECs (p&lt;0.001), and the disease specific survival of EC with high STAT1 expression was worse than those with low STAT1 expression (p&lt;0.05). We found that STAT1 regulates MYC as well as ICAM1, PD-L1, and SMAD7, as well as the capacity for proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and in vivo tumorigenecity in cells with a high SPEC signature. In contrast, suppression of STAT1 attenuated induction of these genes and inhibited xenograft tumor growth on NOD-SCID mice. Furthermore, suppressing STAT1 expression by shRNA sensitized SPEC cells to cisplatin. In STAT1 suppressed cells, apoptosis and cleaved caspase3 expression was confirmed even under low dose cisplatin treatment (p&lt;0.05). Based on silico analysis using cBioPortal, we found amplification of MYC and up-regulated of MYC mRNA in 42% SPECs. The 227 up-regulated genes in the SPEC signature harbor the MYC binding site motif by GATHER analysis (p&lt;0.001), and the predictive MYC activity signature score was statistically higher in SPECs than in other subtypes of endometrial cancers, while that in SPAC-1L cells was diminished with STAT1 knockdown.
These results indicate that STAT1 pathway modulates the micro-environment of SPECs in deregulating MYC, as well as other target genes, to promote tumor progression. Furthermore, STAT1-MYC axis could be developed as a novel potential target for molecular targeting therapy in SPECs.
Citation Format: Budiman Kharma, Tsukasa Baba, Noriomi Matsumura, Ryusuke Murakami, Ken Yamaguchi, Junzo Hamanishi, Masaki Mandai, Ikuo Konishi. Dysregulation of MYC via STAT1 promotes tumor progression in serous papillary endometrial cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A25.