bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in stable paediatric patients with cancer with fever and neutropenia according to time to antibiotic administration: a prospective observational study
Authors: Muñoz Beatriz Vergara , Ron Monica Sancosmed , Huélamo María Suárez-Bustamante , Carballo Esther Lera , Jiménez Ana Rodríguez , Rodrigo Rocio , Alonso-Cadenas José Antonio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate whether an increase in the time to antibiotics (TTA) administration in the paediatric emergency department worsens the prognosis of cancer patients with febrile neutropenia (FN) and a normal Paediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) upon arrival.
Methods. We describe patients with FN and a normal PAT upon arrival. We performed a subanalysis of a prospective, observational study conducted in two hospitals between November 2019 and October 2021. Poor outcome was defined as admission to the paediatric intensive care unit, development of sepsis or septic shock, acute complications, sequelae or death. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results. We included 192 episodes involving a total of 163 patients. One hundred ten episodes (57.3%; 95% CI 50.0-54.4) had a TTA ≤ 60 minutes (short TTA) and 82 (42.7%; 95% CI 35.6–50.0) had a TTA > 60 minutes (long TTA). The median TTA administration in the short TTA group was 35 minutes (IQR 30–45), while in the long TTA group it was 100 minutes (IQR 65–120) (p < 0.001). Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups, except for previous episodes of FN: 71 (64.5%) in the short TTA group and seven (8.5%) in the long TTA group (p < 0.001). Twenty-two (11.5%) episodes resulted in a poor outcome, with no deaths and no differences between the two groups.
Conclusions. Increased time to antibiotic administration in stable paediatric FN patients may not compromise clinical outcomes, thereby supporting the feasibility of a "wait and see" approach.
Machine learning prediction models for the popularization and dissemination of medical science popularization videos
Authors: Cheng Nuo , Wang Xiu-Ling , Mu Yang , Li Hui-Jun , Ma Yan-Ning , Yuan Yonghui , Gong Da-Xin , Zang Shuang , Zhang Guang-Wei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To summarize the current shooting trends of this type of video, discuss the effect of non-medical factors on the spread of videos, and develop prediction models using machine learning (ML) algorithms.
Methods
We searched and filtered medical science popularization videos on TikTok, then labeled non-medical features as variables and record the number of “Thumb-Up”, “Comment”, “Share” and “Collection” as outcome indicators. A total of 286 samples and 34 variables were included in the construction of the ML model, and 13 algorithms were employed with the area under the curve (AUC) for performance assessment and a ten-fold cross-validation for accuracy testing.
Results
In the quantitative analysis of the 4 outcome indicators, we identified significant disparities among different videos. Subsequently, five best-performing models were ultimately confirmed to predict the reasons for differences: “Thumb-Up” RF Model (AUC = 0.7331), “Collection” RF Model (AUC = 0.7439), “Share” RF Model (AUC = 0.7077), “Comment” RF Model (AUC = 0.7960), “Comment” BNB Model (AUC = 0.7844). By ML models, the video duration, title and description length, shooting location emerged and body language as the most five crucial parameters across all five models.
Conclusion
ML models demonstrated superior performance in predicting the influence of non-medical factors on the spread of medical science popularization videos. The weight of these variables will provide valuable guidance for video preparation. This study contributes to the dissemination and acceptance of medical science popularization videos by the public, thereby promoting health education and enhancing public awareness and competence in healthcare.
Clinical Outcomes of Covid-19 in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis - A Propensity-Matched Analysis From a Multicentric Brazilian Cohort
Authors: Menezes Luanna Silva Monteiro , Cunha Pedro Ferrari Sales , Pires Magda Carvalho , Valle Lucas Rocha , Costa Flávia Carvalho Cardoso , Ferreira Maria Angélica Pires , Guimarães-Júnior Milton Henriques , Francisco Saionara Cristina , Carneiro Marcelo , Silveira Daniel Vitório , Aranha Fernando Graça , Carvalho Rafael Lima Rodrigues , Ferrari Teresa Cristina Abreu , Marcolino Milena Soriano 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Cirrhosis has been pointed out as a clinical entity that leads to worse clinical prognosis in COVID-19 patients. However, this concept is controversial in the literature. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes by comparing patients with cirrhosis to those without cirrhosis in a Brazilian cohort.
Methods
Data from 20,164 COVID-19 inpatients were collected from 41 hospitals in Brazil between March to September 2020 and March 2021 to August 2022. We compared 117 patients with cirrhosis to 632 matched controls. A propensity score model was used to adjust for potential confounding variables, incorporating some predictors: age, sex at birth, number of comorbidities, hospital of admission, whether it was an in-hospital clinical manifestation of COVID-19 and admission year. Closeness was defined as being within 0.16 standard deviations of the logit of the propensity score.
Results
The median age was 61 (IQR 50–70) years-old, and 63.4% were men. There were no significant differences in the self-reported symptoms. Patients with cirrhosis had lower median hemoglobin levels (10.8 vs 13.1 g/dl), lower platelets (127,000 vs 200,000 cells/mm3), and leukocytes counts, as well as lower median C-reactive protein (63.0 vs 76.0 p = 0.044) when compared to controls.They also had had higher mortality compared to matched controls (51.3% vs 21.7%, p < 0.001). They also had higher frequencies of admission in an intensive care unit (51.3% vs 38.0%, p = 0.007), invasive mechanical ventilation (43.9% vs 26.6%, p < 0.001), dialysis (17.9% vs 11.1%, p = 0.038), septic shock (23.9% vs 14.9%; p = 0.015) and institution of palliative care (19.7% vs 7.4%; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
This study has shown that COVID-19 inpatients with cirrhosis had significantly higher incidence of severe outcomes, as well as higher frequency of institution of palliative care when compared to matched controls. Our findings underscore the need for these patients to receive particular attention from healthcare teams and allocated resources.
A differential requirement for ciliary transition zone proteins in human and mouse neural progenitor fate specification
Authors: Wiegering Antonia , Anselme Isabelle , Brunetti Ludovica , Metayer-Derout Laura , Calderon Damelys , Thomas Sophie , Nedelec Stéphane , Eschstruth Alexis , Serpieri Valentina , Catala Martin , Antoniewski Christophe , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Stedman Aline 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Studying developmental processes in the context of the human central nervous system is essential to understand neurodevelopmental diseases. In this paper we perform a comparative functional study of the ciliopathy gene RPGRIP1L in human and mouse spinal development using in vitro 3D differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. RPGRIP1L, a causal gene of severe neurodevelopmental ciliopathies such as Joubert and Meckel syndromes, encodes a scaffolding protein of the ciliary transition zone involved in ciliary gating. Previous work has identified a major role for Rpgrip1l in mouse brain and spinal cord development, via controlling the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)/GLI pathway. We show that spinal organoids derived from Rpgrip1l mutant mouse embryonic stem cells faithfully recapitulate the loss of motoneurons and the strong reduction of SHH signaling observed in the mutant mice. In contrast, human induced pluripotent stem cells mutant for RPGRIP1L produce motoneurons and activate the SHH pathway at levels similar to wild types, a property shared by human iPSCs mutant for another ciliopathy gene TMEM67. Moreover, we show that, in human RPGRIP1L mutant organoids, motoneurons acquire a more anterior identity, expressing HOX genes and proteins normally present in the hindbrain while motoneurons from wild type organoids strictly display spinal identity. By performing a temporal transcriptome analysis throughout the differentiation process, we find that the anteroposterior specification defect arises in early axial progenitors and correlates with the loss of cilia in these cells. Thus, this study uncovers distinct functions in humans and mice for ciliopathy proteins and a novel role for RPGRIP1L in human spinal anteroposterior patterning. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of cilia in human spinal cord development and the pathogenic mechanisms of neurodevelopmental ciliopathies.
The Double-Edged Impact of Brand Activism on Prosocial Behavior
Authors: Edelblum Andrew , Dagogo-Jack Sokiente , Dunn Lea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

For-profit companies are increasingly advocating for controversial social causes (e.g., climate change, reproductive healthcare), but how this affects the general public’s support for these issues is unclear. Four experiments (n = 1,141) demonstrated that brand activism can increase or decrease monetary support for endorsed nonprofits, depending on the strength of individuals’ self-brand connection (SBC)—the extent to which a brand is integrated into the consumer’s self-concept. When SBC is high, brand activism (vs. no activism) enhances the salience of endorsed causes, resulting in increased support. Conversely, when SBC is low, brand activism (vs. no activism) reduces cause salience, resulting in decreased support. Additionally, brand activism’s effects diminish among individuals who strongly oppose the endorsed cause and the effects also weaken over time. These findings highlight the influence that for-profit companies can exert on public monetary support for sociopolitical issues and offer guidance for organizations aiming to leverage this influence effectively.
Intraspecies variation in mycorrhizal response of Medicago sativa under abiotic stress
Authors: Kuper-Psenicnik Aisa , Bennett Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Plant partnerships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant resilience to stress by increasing the plant’s access to and uptake of essential nutrients and water, as well as regulating the plant’s stress response. The magnitude and direction of AMF effects during the relationship depends on multiple factors including plant identity and environmental context. To investigate how AMF influence plant responses to environmental stresses, we assessed the effects of drought and salinity on growth, final biomass, and reproduction of nine alfalfa (Medicago sativa) cultivars with or without mycorrhizal inoculum. In absence of stress, AMF increased nutrient content, but caused declines in biomass through a reduction in initial growth that was not overcome by a later growth spurt. AMF inoculation also enhanced stress effects on growth in most scenarios, but this depended on the stress type and cultivar. For salinity, this stress increase in inoculated plants was mediated by increased salt accumulation. Flowering of each cultivar was affected by both AMF and stress type, albeit erratically, whereas seed production was only affected by AMF when drought stressed. We found no clear pattern distinguishing differences in AMF effects on stress among cultivars; however, our results show that AMF effects on plant stress responses are contingent on the plant performance metric and stress type, highlighting the complexity of mycorrhizal responses.
Real World Study of 24 Weeks to Assess the Effect of a Partial Meal Replacement Program on Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adult Patients With Obesity
Authors: DE Luis Daniel , Izaola Olatz , PrimoMartín David , Gómez Juan José López 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and aims:
Meal replacement (MR) diets consist of replacing one or more meals with an artificial nutritional supplement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a MR diet on weight reduction, biochemical parameters, and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in patients with obesity.
Methods
A real-world study with one arm was designed with a hypocaloric diet modified with a nutritional supplement for two phases. The first phase consisted of the replacement of one meal for 12 weeks; and the second phase the reintroduction of foods following a low-calorie diet with moderate limitation of caloric intake over basal requirements (− 300 to − 500 calories per day) during a further 12 weeks. Anthropometric evaluation and biochemical measurements were performed at initiation of the study; at 12 weeks; and at 24 weeks.
Results
We recruited 364 patients with obesity. The mean age was 45.6 ± 3.5 years. There were 100 males (27.5%) and 264 females (72.5%) enrolled. We observed significant improvements at both 12 weeks and 24 weeks in body weight, BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and frequencies of (MS, central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and hyperglycaemia). The odds ratio of improved frequencies of MS after Phase 2 (24 weeks) was 0.66 (95% CI = 0.49–0.90; p = 0.03). The number needed to treat with MR diet was 10.17 patients for the resolution of one case of MS (95% CI 6.15–41.2; p = 0.02).
Conclusions
In patients with obesity, those who replaced one meal showed a significant decrease in weight and fat mass with a secondary improvement in metabolic parameters. A significant decrease in the percentage of patients with MS was also observed.
The role of obstructive sleep apnea risk (BOAH Score) in predicting angina: Evidence from NHANES 2017-2020
Authors: Machado Gabriela da Silva , Araújo Hana Gabriela Severino , Correa Paula Brumana , Santos Camila Cunha , Barbosa Maria Fernanda Nunes Pinheiro , Barbosa Gabriel Nunes Pinheiro , de Menezes-Junior Luiz Antônio Alves 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective:To investigate the association between the BOAH score (Body mass index, Observed apnea, Age, and Hypertension) and angina in NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) participants from 2017 to March 2020.
Methodology:A cross-sectional study of 4361 participants used the BOAH score to categorize the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk. Participants were classified into low risk of OSA (scores < 2) and high risk of OSA (scores >2). The presence of angina was determined by a questionnaire, considering chest pain after physical exertion as a diagnostic criterion. Statistical analyses included Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.
Results: Individuals at high risk of OSA were 3.27 times more likely to have angina, regardless of sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Furthermore, when the frequency of snoring was assessed, it was observed that the greater the frequency, the stronger the association between BOAH score and angina. Likewise, the association between OSA and angina is stronger in adults and short-sleepers (< 8 hours).
Conclusion: The study showed that the BOAH score is a relevant indicator for angina. It highlights the importance of assessing snoring and sleep in patients at cardiovascular risk, suggesting interventions to improve sleep.
Enhanced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning and InSAR Integration: A Case Study in Wushan County, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China
Authors: Cui Jinhu , Kou Pinglang , Tao Yuxiang , Jin Zhao , Huang Yijian , Zhang Jinlai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Landslides pose a severe threat to the safety of mountainous regions, and existing landslide susceptibility assessment methods often suffer from limitations in data quality and methodology. This study focused on Wushan County, China, combining machine learning algorithms with InSAR data to improve the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. Employing seven machine learning models, the investigation identified CNN, LR, and RF as the most effective, with AUC values of 0.82, demonstrating their ability to predict landslide-prone areas. Key influencing factors for landslides included digital elevation model (DEM), rainfall, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), terrain curvature, roughness, and distances to roads and rivers. Integrating InSAR data significantly enhanced the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping, particularly in areas with high deformation, refining assessments and reducing misclassifications. Slope analysis and InSAR monitoring provided insights into instability mechanisms, highlighting InSAR's potential for early warning systems. The study concludes that combining InSAR with machine learning holds promise for improving landslide susceptibility mapping. Future research should explore advanced machine learning techniques and other remote sensing data to address the impacts of climate change and seasonal variations on slope stability, ultimately supporting disaster risk management and sustainable land-use planning.
Evaluation of Photoplethysmography-Based Monitoring of Pulse Rate, Interbeat-Intervals, and Oxygen Saturation during High-Intensity Interval Training
Authors: Vijgeboom Tara , Muller Marjolein , Ebrahimkheil Kambiz , Eijck Casper , Ronner Eelko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Heart disease patients necessitate precise monitoring to ensure the safety and efficacy of their physical activities when managing conditions such as hypertension or heart failure. This study, therefore, aimed to evaluate the accuracy of photoplethysmography (PPG)-based monitoring of pulse rate (PR), interbeat-intervals (IB-I) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) during high-intensity interval training (HIIT).
Methods
Between January and March 2024, healthy volunteers were subjected to a cycling HIIT workout with bike resistance increments to evaluate performance within different heart rate ranges. To determine the accuracy of PPG-based measurements for PR, IB-I, and SpO2 using the CardioWatch 287-2 (Corsano Health, the Netherlands), measurements throughout these ranges were compared to paired reference values from the Covidien Nellcor pulse oximeter (PM10N) and Vivalink’s wearable ECG patch monitor. Subgroups were defined for Fitzpatrick skin type and gender.
Results
In total 35 healthy individuals participated, resulting in 7,183 paired measurements for PR, 22,713 for IB-I, and 41,817 for SpO2. The PR algorithm showed an average root mean square (Arms) of 2.51 beats per minute (bpm), bias at 0.05 bpm, and limits of agreement (LoA) from − 4.87 to 4.97 bpm. The IB-I algorithm achieved an Arms of 23.00 ms, a bias of 1.00 ms, and LoA from − 43.82 to 46.21 ms. Finally, the SpO2 algorithm showed an Arms of 1.28%, a bias of 0.13%, and LoA from − 2.37–2.62%. The results were consistent across different demographic subgroups.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that the PPG-based CardioWatch 287-2 can accurately monitor PR, IB-I, and SpO2 during HIIT. However, further research is recommended to evaluate the algorithm's performance in heart disease patients during demanding exercise.
Large-field high-resolution X-ray AKB microscope for measuring hydrodynamic instabilities at the SG-Ⅲ prototype Laser Facility
Authors: Chen Liang , Yang Pin , Xu Jie , Mu Baozhong , Li Wenjie , Li Mingtao , Li Jinbo , Wang Xin , Zhang Xing , Wang Feng , Wang Zhanshan , Yang Dong , Xu Xinye 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

X-ray imaging with a large field of view (FOV) and high resolution is extremely important for Rayleigh–Taylor instability measurement with a small amplitude and high spatial frequency in laser inertial confinement fusion. We developed an advanced Kirkpatrick–Baez (AKB) microscope based on the quadratic-aberration theory to realize a large FOV and high resolution. This microscope was assembled and tested in a laboratory, and it was then successfully applied for imaging the hydrodynamic instability of a perturbation target in implosion experiments at the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. Imaging results demonstrate that the AKB microscope can achieve an optimal resolution of ~ 0.53μm and ~ 0.40μm and a spatial resolution of <1.5 µm within a 300-µm FOV and <4.5 µm in a 1-mm FOV.
Ensemble distribution model of Muga Silkworm (Antheraea assamensis) and its primary host plant Soalu (Litsea monopetala) in defined climate space
Authors: Sarma Kuladip , Chetry Vivek , Bawri Amal , Borah Keshob Jyoti , Khanikor Bulbuli , Kalita Tarali , Mech Banasri , Saikia Malabika Kakati , Das Manas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Muga silkworm is one of the most economically and culturally important insect found in northeastern region and has immense future potential for entrepreneurship development owing to its sericogenic nature. The distribution of Muga SilkWorm (MSW) in wild are extremely important determinant for rearing a disease resistant domesticated variety that can significantly improve the yield of the later in terms of silk production. This paper aims to explore the distribution of the wild MSW in northeastern part of India in connection with the distribution of its primary host plant viz., Litsea monopetala Soalu in wild. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) have been used to know the potential distribution of MSW in historical climate scenario and also the impact of future climate has been assessed using a single climate model (CMCC-ESM2) with four different scenarios (SSPs). The climate space was defined in two dimensional space using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to simplify the models. Altogether two model algorithms were used to get the final ensemble model for both the MSW and the two primary host plants. The model performed for MSW was found to be good with average AUC value greater than 0.80. On the contrary, the model performed for Litsea monopetala was found to be excellent with average AUC value greater than 0.90. Similarly, the ensemble models performed using future climatic data under the CMCC model for MSW have shown AUC values within acceptable range (0.78-0.82), whereas, models of the host plant have shown AUC values in higher range i.e. within excellent model category (0.90-0.95). Thus, in this reduced climate dimension, the potential distribution of the MSW has also been compared with four different climate scenarios under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The overlapped potential area of both the MSW and its host plants in NE India has shown a very critical dynamics in future climatic condition projected for 2040-2060.