bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease
Authors: Kasper Vania L. , Assis David N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatobiliary complications of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) constitute a significant burden for persons with CF of all ages, with advanced CF liver disease in particular representing a leading cause of mortality. The causes of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, ranging from steatosis to focal biliary cholestasis and biliary strictures, are poorly understood and likely reflect a variety of environmental and disease‐modifying factors in the setting of underlying CFTR mutations. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary manifestations of CF, and discusses emerging disease models and therapeutic approaches that hold promise to impact this important yet incompletely addressed aspect of CF care.
Pancreas and pancreatitis: Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Ramsey Mitchell L. , Galante Gary J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is highly prevalent among individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). Individuals diagnosed with EPI are often labeled as having “pancreas insufficient cystic fibrosis (PI‐CF)” while those with normal exocrine function are labeled as “pancreas sufficient CF (PS‐CF).” This diagnosis of EPI relies on clinical and laboratory features and management involves consumption of pancreas enzyme replacement therapy. In this review, we discuss the nuances of diagnosis and management of EPI in CF. We also present emerging evidence on the effects of CFTR modulating agents on the management of EPI, and speculate that these medications may lead to greater heterogeneity in management of EPI in CF moving forward.
Geometrically Deformed Charged Anisotropic Models in f(Q, T) Gravity
Authors: Pradhan Sneha , Maurya Sunil Kumar , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar , Mustafa Ghulam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the geometrically deformed compact objects in the f(Q, T) gravity theory under an electric field through gravitational decoupling via minimal geometric deformation (MGD) technique are developed for the first time. The decoupled field equations are solved via two different mimic approaches and through the Karmarkar condition. Physical viability tests are conducted on our models and examine how decoupling parameters affect the physical qualities of objects. The obtained models are compared with the observational constraints for neutron stars PSR J1810+174, PSR J1959+2048, and PSR J2215+5135, including GW190814. Particularly, by modifying parameters α and n, the occurrence of a “mass gap” component is accomplished. The resulting models exhibit stable, well‐behaved mass profiles, regular behavior and no gravitational collapse, as verified by the Buchdahl–Andréasson's limit. Furthermore, a thorough physical analysis that is based on two parameters: n (f(Q, T)–coupling parameter) and α (decoupling parameter) is provided. This work extends our current understanding of compact star configurations and sheds light on the behavior of compact objects in the f(Q, T) gravity.
An evaluation of the growth, development, reproductive characteristics and pest control potential of three Trichogramma species on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Authors: Jiang Zhengxiong , Sun Ying , Zhou Shunwen , Xiong Peiwei , Zhang Jinlong , Wu Daohui , Chen Guohua , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTuta absoluta is an invasive alien species that has caused major losses in the Chinese tomato industry. Investigating the growth, development, reproduction and pest control effects of three native species of Trichogramma species on the eggs of T. absoluta could provide an ecological tool for preventing and controlling T. absoluta in China. In this study, we constructed age‐stage two‐sex life tables for three common species of Trichogramma and determined their relative abilities to control T. absoluta in greenhouse insect cages, thus allowing us to identify the species with the most effective ability to prey on T. absoluta eggs.RESULTSAnalysis showed that the net reproductive rate (R0), gross reproduction rate (GRR) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) of Trichogramma ostriniae were the highest of the three species at 22.85, 32.58 and 1.31, respectively. In the presence of 10 eggs and under ideal conditions, T. ostriniae, Trichogramma chilonis, and Trichogramma dendrolimi produced 9451.04, 5199.56, and 1902.95 offspring, respectively. Following the release of T. ostriniae, tomato leaves incurred a damage index of 1 after the first week, while the number of T. absoluta reduced to 24.60 individuals by week 10 (8.75% of the control treatment).CONCLUSIONOf the three species of Trichogramma tested in this study, T. ostriniae exhibited the best growth, development, reproductive capacity and predatory ability against T. absoluta, and has broad application prospects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Thymol—a plant‐based monoterpenoid phenol compound of an essential oil for the management of sheath blight disease of rice
Authors: Usha Indrajeet , Pramesh Devanna , Shrikanth Barkeer , Raghunandana Adke , Harish Mukanara Nagarajappa , Prasannakumar Muthakapalli Krishnareddy , Sharanabasav Huded , Manjunatha Channappa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSheath blight of rice is a global disease that significantly reduces rice yield. This study reports the antifungal activity of an active compound of essential oil, thymol, at different concentrations against Rhizoctonia solani (strain RS‐Gvt). In vitro assay results indicated that thymol concentrations (0.5 mg mL−1 and 0.25 mg mL−1) completely inhibited (100%) the mycelial growth of RS‐Gvt (p ≤ 0.01). Microscopic observations of thymol‐treated mycelium of RS‐Gvt at 0.0312 mg mL−1 and above concentrations, revealed a distorted mycelial morphology with deformed hyphae. Hyphae showed a bead‐like appearance, reduction in size, and constriction of the hyphae at uneven points with increased hyphal density often entangling with each other. Further, an on‐field experiment was conducted to study the field bio‐efficacy of thymol for two consecutive Kharif seasons of 2022 and 2023 using a factorial RCBD design. The disease severity was measured as the percent disease index (PDI), and the results of two seasons were pooled. Pathogen (RS‐Gvt) and thymol were inoculated in different combinations/methods as main treatments (M1‐M3), and concentrations of thymol (0.0625–1.0 mg ML−1) as sub‐treatments. The results indicated that all two factors significantly (P = 0.05) influenced the PDI and grain yield. The pooled data of two seasons indicated a significant difference between the main treatments (M1: RS‐Gvt + thymol together; M2: thymol sprayed first followed by RS‐Gvt; M3: RS‐Gvt first followed by thymol spray) on PDI (53.39–59.67) and grain yield (4.16–4.75 t ha−1). M1 exhibited a lower PDI (53.39) and a higher grain yield (4.75 t ha−1) compared to M2 and M3, indicating a protective mode of action of thymol against sheath blight disease of rice. The sub‐treatments have shown significant variation in PDI and grain yield. The PDI and grain yield ranged from 33.70 (at 1 mg mL−1) to 66.21 (at 0.0625 mg mL−1) and 4.18 (at 1 mg mL−1) to 5.26 (at 0.0625 mg mL−1) t ha−1, respectively, among the thymol concentrations. This indicates that increasing concentrations of thymol have negatively influenced the PDI and positively impacted the yield. Therefore, the spray of 1 mg mL−1 of thymol at the potential disease‐infection stage is most effective in controlling the sheath blight disease of rice. This study provides an alternative green bioactive compound for controlling the sheath blight disease, and thymol can be included in developing eco‐friendly integrated disease management practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mixture Experimentation in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Tutorial
Authors: Hare Lynne B. , Altan Stan , Coppenolle Hans 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMixture experimentation is commonly seen in pharmaceutical formulation studies, where the relative proportions of the individual components are modeled for effects on product attributes. The requirement that the sum of the component proportions equals 1 has given rise to the class of designs, known as mixture designs. The first mixture designs were published by Quenouille in 1953 but it took nearly 40 years for the earliest mixture design applications to be published in the pharmaceutical sciences literature by Kettaneh‐Wold in 1991 and Waaler in 1992. Since then, the advent of efficient computer algorithms to generate designs has made this class of designs easily accessible to pharmaceutical statisticians, although the use of these designs appears to be an underutilized experimental strategy even today. One goal of this tutorial is to draw the attention of experimental statisticians to this class of designs and their advantages in pursuing formulation studies such as excipient compatibility studies. We present sufficient materials to introduce the novice practitioner to this class of design, associated models, and analysis strategies. An example of a mixture‐process variable design is given as a case study.
Acute pulmonary thromboembolism with high‐density emboli in the pulmonary artery detected on non‐enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Kajie Shimpei , Nakamura Kentaro , Moriya Tomohiro , Ogata Tomoyuki , Yamashita Takaaki 
Published: August 2024

Key messageThe presence of high‐density emboli in the pulmonary artery on non‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) has high diagnostic performance for acute central pulmonary thromboembolism. Acute pulmonary thromboembolism is usually diagnosed by contrast‐enhanced CT. However, it may be possible to achieve early diagnosis by identifying characteristic findings on non‐enhanced CT.
Unearthing the history with A‐RHex: Leveraging articulated hexapod robots for archeological pre‐exploration
Authors: Shao Qi , Xia Qixing , Lin Zhonghan , Dong Xuguang , An Xin , Zhao Haoqi , Li Zhangyi , Liu Xin‐Jun , Dong Wenqiang , Zhao Huichan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to develop a miniature mobile robot suitable to assist archeologists in their first exploration of unknown underground tombs. Due to the rather complex and irregular terrains in the tombs and inspired by the classic RHex design, we have developed a two‐segment articulated robot (A‐RHex) with two RHex design units. The robot is compact and lightweight, with dimensions of 25 cm long, 6.5 cm wide, 7 cm high, and weighs 283 g. To assist the robot in entering the tomb, we have also designed a deployment platform that can take the robots underground through a 10‐cm exploration hole. We introduce the overall design, control, and communication methods of A‐RHex, and theoretically analyze how the articulated design can improve the stability of the robot on slopes. Laboratory experiments and field testings at two real archeological excavation sites in China have validated A‐RHex's mechanical design, control strategies, communications, and capabilities for pre‐exploration of open and closed tombs. We believe that this kind of robot with high terrain adaptability and a small profile may become an important tool for field archeology in the future.
UN‐SDGs framework for child development in India: Evidence from a decentralized analysis
Authors: Narayana Muttur Ranganathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article develops a framework to analyze and to assess the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN‐SDGs) related progress in child development in India, and to provide improved policy recommendations for sub‐national (state and district level) governments. District level analysis is based on a case study of Karnataka State (India). Status of India's children is described in global, national and sub‐national contexts. Child development is measured by 26 multi‐dimensional indicators comprising child health, nutrition, education, and protection and participation. Using the NITI Aayog's methodology of SDG India Index 2020–21, components' scores and composite index of child development are calculated and level of child development at national, state and district level is categorized by performer, front runner, achiever, and aspirant. Main results show that, both vertically and horizontally, low child development are related to poor performance of nutrition and education indicators in aspirational districts. However, focus on improving all 26 child development indicators is essential to reach the targets. The speed of convergence will be critical to reduce the time distance from now to 2030. Policy recommendations are focused to prioritize the public expenditure strategies in child budget for attainment of UN‐SDGs goals and targets by 2030, and to extend child budgeting to urban and rural local bodies. The empirical approach and policy recommendations are of relevance for other states in India, and applicable for countries elsewhere in the world.
Information as a resource: Can perceived information process quality in the workplace contribute to more optimism in times of crisis?
Authors: Stiglbauer Barbara , Penz Marlene 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAgainst the background of Job Demands‐Resources and Conservation of Resources theory and research on organizational communication, this prospective study among n = 312 employees explores the significant role of perceived information process quality (PIPQ) in enhancing employees' optimism during the COVID‐19 pandemic. It thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing employee optimism in challenging contexts. In this study, PIPQ is defined by the availability of timely information, clarity, and consistency in the information provided. Results from latent change score modelling revealed that employees who experienced high PIPQ, particularly consistent information, reported feeling more optimistic about work‐related aspects and also experienced spillover effects into their private lives. Notably, both consistency in information prior to the pandemic and increases in consistent information during the pandemic demonstrated this beneficial effect. Moreover, timely available information also positively influenced optimism, especially regarding work‐related aspects. However, the study did not find evidence that clarity in information significantly affected optimism. In summary, the findings underscore the importance of accessible and consistent information as a vital resource for employees' ability to navigate crises.
Lab‐in‐a‐Vial Rapid Test for Internet of Things‐Embedded Point‐of‐Healthcare Protein Biomarker Detection in Bodily Fluids
Authors: Li Nan‐Si , Hsu Ying‐Pei , Pang Hao‐Han , Wang Sheng‐Fan , Pang See‐Tong , Lin Chih‐Yen , Tsai Rung‐Ywan , Huang Chiung‐Yin , Wei Kuo‐Chen , Yang Hung‐Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmateurs often struggle with detecting and quantifying protein biomarkers in body fluids due to the high expertise required. This study introduces a Lab‐in‐a‐Vial (LV) rapid diagnostic platform, featuring hydrangea‐like platinum nanozymes (PtNH), for rapid, accurate detection and quantification of protein biomarkers on‐site within 15 min. This method significantly enhances detection sensitivity for various biomarkers in body fluids, surpassing traditional methods such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow assays (LFA) by ≈250 to 1300 times. The LV platform uses a glass vial coated with specific bioreceptors such as antigens or antibodies, enabling rapid in vitro evaluation of disease risk from small fluid samples, similar to a personal ELISA‐like point‐of‐care test (POCT). It overcomes challenges in on‐site biomarker detection, allowing both detection and quantification through a portable wireless spectrometer for healthcare internet of things (H‐IoT). The platform's effectiveness and adaptability are confirmed using IgG/IgM antibodies from SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients and nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) from urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients as biomarkers. These tests demonstrated its accuracy and flexibility. This approach offers vast potential for diverse disease applications, provided that the relevant protein biomarkers in bodily fluids are identified.
Development of a Zn‐Based Single‐Atom Nanozyme for Efficient Hydrolysis of Glycosidic Bonds
Authors: Qiao Cailin , Wang Chao , Luo Huibo , Ma Yi , Luo Xiaogang , Zhang Suyi , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrolytic enzymes are essential components in second‐generation biofuel technology and food fermentation processes. Nanozymes show promise for large‐scale industrial applications as replacements for natural enzymes due to their distinct advantages. However, there remains a research gap concerning glycosidase nanozymes. In this study, a Zn‐based single‐atom nanozyme (ZnN4‐900) is developed for efficient glycosidic bond hydrolysis in an aqueous solution. The planar structure of the class‐porphyrin N4 material approximatively mimicked the catalytic centers of natural enzymes, facilitating oxidase‐like (OXD‐like) activity and promoting glycosidic bond cleavage. Theoretical calculations show that the Zn site can act as Lewis acids, attacking the C─O bond in glycosidic bonds. Additionally, ZnN4‐900 has the ability to degrade starch and produce reducing sugars that increased yeast cell biomass by 32.86% and ethanol production by 14.56%. This catalyst held promising potential for enhancing processes in ethanol brewing and starch degradation industries.
A Flexible MXene‐Black Phosphorus/Zinc Oxide Hybrid Structure with Excellent UVA‐Specific Photoelectric Sensing Properties for Human Skin Protection
Authors: Zhang Liangshutong , Zhang Yupu , Xu Shuchang , Zhao Ruowen , Zhai Wei , Wang Jianyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltraviolet A (UVA) radiation causes various irreversible damages to human skin, so the research about UVA‐specific sensing device is urgent. 2D black phosphorus (BP) is used in many photosensors due to its advantages of high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap, but its application for UVA‐specific photosensor is not reported. Here, a MXene‐BP/Zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid structure with lamellar‐spherical interfaces like finger lime fruit is prepared by the layer‐by‐layer assembly (LLA) method, and p‐n junctions are constructed between BP and ZnO with the Ti3C2Tx electrode, showing excellent photoelectric performance. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate that the enhanced performance is attributed to the rapid separation of photogenerated carriers in the presence of a built‐in electric field at interface. Furthermore, a flexible MXene‐BP/ZnO based UVA‐specific photosensor is prepared, which shows a specific response to UVA as high as 7 mA W−1 and excellent mechanical stability, maintaining 98.46% response after 100 bending cycles. In particular, the integrated anti‐UVA skin protection device shows excellent UVA‐specific identification and wireless transmission capability, which can provide timely UVA exposure information and skin protection warning for the visually impaired. This work demonstrates a new approach for further developments of advanced photoelectric sensing technology toward improving people's skin health protection.
A Temperature Sensory Leaky Integrate‐and‐Fire Artificial Neuron Based on Chitosan/PNIPAM Bilayer Volatile Complementary Resistive Switching Memristor
Authors: Sun Yanmei , Liu Ming , Li Bingxun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe presence of neurons is crucial in neuromorphic computing systems as they play a vital role in modulating the strength of synapses through the release of either excitatory or inhibitory stimuli. Hence, the development of sensory neurons plays a pivotal role in broadening the scope of brain‐inspired neural computing. The present study introduces an artificial sensory neuron, which is constructed using a temperature‐sensitive volatile complementary resistance switch memristor based on the functional layer of the chitosan/PNIPAM bilayer. The resistive switching behavior arises from the formation and ionization of oxygen vacancy filaments, whereby the threshold voltage and low resistive resistance of the device exhibit a temperature‐dependent increase within the range of 290–410 K. A functional replication of a neuron with leaky integration and firing has been successfully developed, effectively simulating essential biological functions such as firing triggered by threshold, refractory period implementation, and modulation of spiking frequency. The artificial sensory neuron exhibits characteristics similar to those of leaky integrated firing neurons that receive temperature inputs. It has the potential to control the output frequency and amplitude under varying temperature conditions, making it suitable for temperature‐sensing applications. This study presents a potential hardware implementation for developing efficient artificial intelligence systems that can support temperature detections.
Anion‐Dominated Solvation in Low‐Concentration Electrolytes Promotes Inorganic‐Rich Interphase Formation in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Pan Jiawei , Yuan Huihui , Wu Jiaxin , Li Meng , Wu Xiangwei , Zeng Wang , Wen Zhaoyin , Qian Rong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile the formation of an inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a crucial role, the persistent challenge lies in the formation of an organic‐rich SEI due to the high solvent ratio in low‐concentration electrolytes (LCEs), which hinders the achievement of high‐performance lithium metal batteries. Herein, by incorporating di‐fluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC) as a non‐solvating cosolvent, a solvation structure dominated by anions is introduced in the innovative LCE, leading to the creation of a durable and stable inorganic‐rich SEI. Leveraging this electrolyte design, the Li||NCM83 cell demonstrates exceptional cycling stability, maintaining 82.85% of its capacity over 500 cycles at 1 C. Additionally, Li||NCM83 cell with a low N/P ratio (≈2.57) and reduced electrolyte volume (30 µL) retain 87.58% of its capacity after 150 cycles at 0.5 C. Direct molecular information is utilized to reveal a strong correlation between solvation structures and reduction sequences, proving the anion‐dominate solvation structure can impedes the preferential reduction of solvents and constructs an inorganic‐rich SEI. These findings shed light on the pivotal role of solvation structures in dictating SEI composition and battery performance, offering valuable insights for the design of advanced electrolytes for next‐generation lithium metal batteries.
Lattice Strain Regulation and Halogen Vacancies Passivation Enable High‐Performance Formamidine‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Yansheng , Miao Wenjing , Sun Weiwei , Niu Zijun , Yin Ran , Huo Xiaonan , Wang Kexiang , You Tingting , Yin Penggang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFormamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite has lately surfaced as the preferred contender for highly proficient and robust perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to its favorable bandgap and superior thermal stability. Nevertheless, volatilization and migration of iodide ions (I−) result in non‐radiating recombination centers, and the presence of large formamidine (FA) cations tends to cause lattice strain, thereby reducing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. To solve these problems, the lead formate (PbFa) is added into the perovskite solution, which effectively mitigates the halogen vacancy and provides tensile strain outside the perovskite lattice, thereby enhancing its properties. The strong coordination between the C═O of HCOO− and Pb–I backbones effectively immobilizes anions, significantly increases the energy barrier for anion vacancy formation and migration, and reduces the risk of lead ion (Pb2+) leakage, thereby improving the operation and environmental safety of the device. Consequently, the champion PCE of devices with Ag electrodes can be increased from 22.15% to 24.32%. The unencapsulated PSCs can still maintain 90% of the original PCE even be stored in an N2 atmosphere for 1440 h. Moreover, the target devices have significantly improved performance in terms of light exposure, heat, or humidity.