bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Feed Solids Concentration and Inlet Temperature on the Flavor of Spray Dried Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Park Curtis W. , Bastian Eric , Farkas Brian , Drake MaryAnne 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that unit operations in whey protein manufacture promote off‐flavor production in whey protein. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feed solids concentration in liquid retentate and spray drier inlet temperature on the flavor of dried whey protein concentrate (WPC). Cheddar cheese whey was manufactured, fat‐separated, pasteurized, bleached (250 ppm hydrogen peroxide), and ultrafiltered (UF) to obtain WPC80 retentate (25% solids, wt/wt). The liquid retentate was then diluted with deionized water to the following solids concentrations: 25%, 18%, and 10%. Each of the treatments was then spray dried at the following temperatures: 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C. The experiment was replicated 3 times. Flavor of the WPC80 was evaluated by sensory and instrumental analyses. Particle size and surface free fat were also analyzed. Both main effects (solids concentration and inlet temperature) and interactions were investigated. WPC80 spray dried at 10% feed solids concentration had increased surface free fat, increased intensities of overall aroma, cabbage and cardboard flavors and increased concentrations of pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, decanal, (E)2‐decenal, DMTS, DMDS, and 2,4‐decadienal (P < 0.05) compared to WPC80 spray dried at 25% feed solids. Product spray dried at lower inlet temperature also had increased surface free fat and increased intensity of cardboard flavor and increased concentrations of pentanal, (Z)4‐heptenal, nonanal, decanal, 2,4‐nonadienal, 2,4‐decadienal, and 2‐ and 3‐methyl butanal (P < 0.05) compared to product spray dried at higher inlet temperature. Particle size was higher for powders from increased feed solids concentration and increased inlet temperature (P < 0.05). An increase in feed solids concentration in the liquid retentate and inlet temperature within the parameters evaluated decreased off‐flavor intensity in the resulting WPC80.
Chronic CRF1 receptor blockade reduces heroin intake escalation and dependence‐induced hyperalgesia
Authors: Park Paula E. , Schlosburg Joel E. , Vendruscolo Leandro F. , Schulteis Gery , Edwards Scott , Koob George F. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOpioids represent effective drugs for the relief of pain, yet chronic opioid use often leads to a state of increased sensitivity to pain that is exacerbated during withdrawal. A sensitization of pain‐related negative affect has been hypothesized to closely interact with addiction mechanisms. Neuro‐adaptive changes occur as a consequence of excessive opioid exposure, including a recruitment of corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) and norepinephrine (NE) brain stress systems. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the transition to dependence, we determined the effects of functional antagonism within these two systems on hyperalgesia‐like behavior during heroin withdrawal utilizing models of both acute and chronic dependence. We found that passive or self‐administered heroin produced a significant mechanical hypersensitivity. During acute opioid dependence, systemic administration of the CRF1 receptor antagonist MPZP (20 mg/kg) alleviated withdrawal‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity. In contrast, several functional adrenergic system antagonists (clonidine, prazosin, propranolol) failed to alter mechanical hypersensitivity in this state. We then determined the effects of chronic MPZP or clonidine treatment on extended access heroin self‐administration and found that MPZP, but not clonidine, attenuated escalation of heroin intake, whereas both drugs alleviated chronic dependence‐associated hyperalgesia. These findings suggest that an early potentiation of CRF signaling occurs following opioid exposure that begins to drive both opioid‐induced hyperalgesia and eventually intake escalation.
Identification of novel genetic markers and evaluation of genetic structure in a population of Japanese crested ibis
Authors: Tsubono Kanako , Taniguchi Yukio , Matsuda Hirokazu , Yamada Takahisa , Sugiyama Toshie , Homma Kosuke , Kaneko Yoshinori , Yamagishi Satoshi , Iwaisaki Hiroaki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractJapanese population of the Japanese crested ibis Nipponia nippon was founded by five individuals gifted from the People's Republic of China. In order to exactly evaluate genetic structure, we first performed development of novel genetic makers using 89 microsatellite primer pairs of related species for cross‐amplification. Of these, only three primer pairs were useful for the genetic markers. Additionally, we sequenced allelic PCR products of these three markers together with 10 markers previously identified. Most markers showed typical microsatellite repeat units, but two markers were not simple microsatellites. Moreover, over half of the markers did not have the same repeat units as those of the original species. These results suggested that development of novel genetic markers in this population by cross‐amplification is not efficient, partly because of low genetic diversity. Furthermore, the cluster analysis by STRUCTURE program using 17 markers showed that the five founders were divided into two clusters. However, the genetic relationships among the founders indicated by the clustering seemed to be questionable, because the analysis relied largely on a small number of triallelic markers, in spite of the addition of the three useful markers. Therefore, more efficient methods for identifying large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms are desirable.
Characterizing variability in warfarin dose requirements in children using modelling and simulation
Authors: Hamberg Anna‐Karin , Wadelius Mia , Friberg Lena E. , Biss Tina T. , Kamali Farhad , Jonsson E. Niclas 
Published: December 2013

AimsAlthough genetic, clinical and demographic factors have been shown to explain approximately half of the inter‐individual variability in warfarin dose requirement in adults, less is known about causes of dose variability in children. This study aimed to identify and quantify major genetic, clinical and demographic sources of warfarin dose variability in children using modelling and simulation.MethodsClinical, demographic and genetic data from 163 children with a median age of 6.3 years (range 0.06–18.9 years), covering over 183 years of warfarin therapy and 6445 INR observations were used to update and optimize a published adult pharmacometric warfarin model for use in children.ResultsGenotype effects in children were found to be comparable with what has been reported for adults, with CYP2C9 explaining up to a four‐fold difference in dose (CYP2C9 *1/*1 vs. *3/*3) and VKORC1 explaining up to a two‐fold difference in dose (VKORC1 G/G vs. A/A), respectively. The relationship between bodyweight and warfarin dose was non‐linear, with a three‐fold difference in dose for a four‐fold difference in bodyweight. In addition, age, baseline and target INR, and time since initiation of therapy, but not CYP4F2 genotype, had a significant impact on typical warfarin dose requirements in children.ConclusionsThe updated model provides quantitative estimates of major clinical, demographic and genetic factors impacting on warfarin dose variability in children. With this new knowledge more individualized dosing regimens can be developed and prospectively evaluated in the pursuit of improving both efficacy and safety of warfarin therapy in children.
Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: options, patient selection, and outcomes
Authors: Lee Richard K. , Abol‐Enein Hassan , Artibani Walter , Bochner Bernard , Dalbagni Guido , Daneshmand Siamak , Fradet Yves , Hautmann Richard E. , Lee Cheryl T. , Lerner Seth P. , Pycha Armin , Sievert Karl‐Dietrich , Stenzl Arnulf , Thalmann Georg , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: December 2013

Context
The urinary reconstructive options available after radical cystectomy (RC) for bladder cancer are discussed, as are the criteria for selection of the most appropriate diversion, and the outcomes and complications associated with different diversion options.
Objective
To critically review the peer‐reviewed literature on the function and oncological outcomes, complications, and factors influencing choice of procedure with urinary diversion after RC for bladder carcinoma.
Evidence Acquisition
A Medline search was conducted to identify original articles, review articles, and editorials on urinary diversion in patients treated with RC. Searches were limited to the English language.
Keywords included: ‘bladder cancer’, ‘cystectomy’, ‘diversion’, ‘neobladder’, and ‘conduit’.
The articles with the highest level of evidence were selected and reviewed, with the consensus of all of the authors of this paper.
Evidence Synthesis
Both continent and incontinent diversions are available for urinary reconstruction after RC. In appropriately selected patients, an orthotopic neobladder permits the elimination of an external stoma and preservation of body image without compromising cancer control. However, the patient must be fully educated and committed to the labour‐intensive rehabilitation process. He must also be able to perform self‐catheterisation if necessary.
When involvement of the urinary outflow tract by tumour prevents the use of an orthotopic neobladder, a continent cutaneous reservoir may still offer the opportunity for continence albeit one that requires obligate self‐catheterisation.
For patients who are not candidates for continent diversion, the ileal loop remains an acceptable and reliable option.
Conclusions
Both continent and incontinent diversions are available for urinary reconstruction after RC.
Orthotopic neobladders optimally preserve body image, while continent cutaneous diversions represent a reasonable alternative.
Ileal conduits represent the fastest, easiest, least complication‐prone, and most commonly performed urinary diversion.
Mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins: novel therapeutic targets for combating cardiovascular disease
Authors: Hall A R , Burke N , Dongworth R K , Hausenloy D J 
Published: December 2013

Mitochondria are no longer considered to be solely the static powerhouses of the cell. While they are undoubtedly essential to sustaining life and meeting the energy requirements of the cell through oxidative phosphorylation, they are now regarded as highly dynamic organelles with multiple functions, playing key roles in cell survival and death. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, as novel therapeutic targets for treating a wide range of cardiovascular diseases.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed issue on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Energy, Injury & Beyond. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue‐8
Robust Segmentation of Multiple Intersecting Manifolds from Unoriented Noisy Point Clouds
Authors: Kustra J. , Jalba A. , Telea A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe present a method for extracting complex manifolds with an arbitrary number of (self‐) intersections from unoriented point clouds containing large amounts of noise. Manifolds are formed in a three‐step process. First, small flat neighbourhoods of all possible orientations are created around all points. Next, neighbourhoods are assembled into larger quasi‐flat patches, whose overlaps give the global connectivity structure of the point cloud. Finally, curved manifolds are extracted from the patch connectivity graph via a multiple‐source flood fill. The manifolds can be reconstructed into meshed surfaces using standard existing surface reconstruction methods. We demonstrate the speed and robustness of our method on several point clouds, with applications in point cloud segmentation, denoising and medial surface reconstruction.
What is the best option for failed sphincter repair?
Authors: Hong K. D. , da Silva G. , Wexner S. D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the outcome of various procedures for patients with fecal incontinence following failed sphincteroplasty.MethodPatients who underwent surgery for failed sphincteroplasty from January 2000 to June 2012 were identified. They were assessed using the Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQoL) scale and the Cleveland Clinic Florida‐Wexner Fecal Incontinence Score (CCFFIS).ResultsFifty‐nine patients [97% females; median age 52 (25–81) years] were identified. They underwent either repeat sphincteroplasty (RS; n = 33), artificial bowel sphincter (ABS; n = 11) or sacral nerve stimulation (SNS; n = 15). The median follow‐up was 31 (3–138) months. The RS group had a significantly wider external sphincter defect and had undergone fewer previous sphincteroplasties. The most common complication was infection. The incidence of complications was significantly higher after ABS (73%) compared with RS (24%) and SNS (33%) (P = 0.01). Seventeen (29%) patients required re‐operation for complications or failure, with a lower rate in the RS group (P = 0.004). There was no difference in the rates of device removal after ABS or SNS. Ten (17%) patients underwent further surgery or re‐implantation of the device with no difference between the groups. At follow‐up, five (45%) ABS and 10 (67%) SNS patients retained a functioning device (P = 0.4). The mean postoperative CCFFIS decreased from 17.5 to 11.5 in the RS group, from 18.7 to 8.6 in the ABS group, and from 17.6 to 9.1 in the SNS group (P ≤ 0.02 for all). There were no differences in the improvement of CCFFIS or FIQoL scores among groups.ConclusionRS, ABS and SNS are associated with similar improvements in continence after failed sphincteroplasty. Due to increased complications and re‐operation with ABS and SNS, RS may be the first step in managing these patients.
Impending paradoxical embolism: have we lost the clot?
Authors: Ghent Finn , Bassin Levi , Keller Michael , Cranney Gregory , McKenzie David , Grant Peter W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractImpending paradoxical embolism is a rare diagnosis that requires urgent treatment. We present a case where surgical thromboembolectomy was undertaken. The thrombus vanished from view on transesophageal ultrasound and was presumed to have undergone embolisation while bypass was established. Unexpectedly, it was found tangled in the superior vena cava cannula apertures.
Tumor‐related epilepsy and epilepsy surgery
Authors: Lhatoo Samden D. , Moghimi Narges , Schuele Stephan 
Published: December 2013

SummaryTumor‐related epilepsy (TRE) is a major etiologic category of epilepsy. TRE is heterogeneous, and the epidemiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical features, treatment, and outcomes vary accordingly. In addition, treatment imperatives vary between almost purely epilepsy considerations and those that are primarily oncologic. Often, there is no clear separation of imperatives, and there is a relatively scant evidence base that underpins management decisions in such cases. Given a diverse molecular as well as clinical landscape and the rapid pace with which new knowledge accrues, there are relatively few recent literature resources on TRE that provide neurologists, neurosurgeons, epileptologists, and oncologists with an up‐to‐date, state‐of‐the‐art review of the field in all of its important aspects. The proceedings of the Sixth International Epilepsy Colloquium in Cleveland in Ohio, U.S.A., in May 2013 on Tumoral Epilepsy and Epilepsy Surgery address, at least in part, several TRE aspects crucial to modern epilepsy and oncology practice.
Recent aspects of classification and epidemiology of epilepsy‐associated tumors
Authors: Japp Anna , Gielen Gerrit H. , Becker Albert J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryEpileptic seizures are frequent manifestations of brain tumors. However, biopsy specimens of patients who undergo neurosurgical removal of circumscribed foci to control chronic recurrent pharmacoresistant seizures often reveal tumor entities that are rare in general brain tumor series. The spectrum of these “long‐term epilepsy‐associated neoplasms” comprises highly differentiated glial and glioneuronal tumors that show a benign biologic behavior and clinical course, and that rarely relapse. Several entities are well recognizable on the basis of histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics. An intriguing functional aspect of these tumors, sometimes collectively referred to as “epileptomas,” is their prominent epileptogenicity, which may represent a clinical feature indicating rather than causing the generally benign biologic behavior of these tumors. A frequent feature of respective neoplasms is their coincidence with dysplastic lesions in the vicinity of the tumor itself. The recent advent of new molecular markers, including genomic alterations leading to activation of the protooncogene BRAF and impaired function of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), provides excellent new tools in the differential diagnosis of low grade brain tumors, and provides intriguing implications to further develop the pathogenetic concepts of these neoplasms. Despite this progress, a number of tumors from patients with chronic epilepsy show combinations of cytologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics that challenge the current neuropathologic classification schemes. Attempts are currently ongoing to develop further classification schemes.
Seizure characteristics and prognostic factors of gliomas
Authors: Kerkhof Melissa , Vecht Charles J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryEpilepsy in neuroepithelial tumors is highly prevalent. Neurogliomas (dysembryoplastic neuroepitheliomas [DNETs] and gangliogliomas) have a seizure incidence of 80–100%, low‐grade gliomas of 60–85%, and glioblastoma of 30–60%. With each type, the appearance of seizures is usually the presenting clinical symptom, and with neuroglial tumors often the only clinical sign. Tumor locations in the temporal and insular cortex are associated with a higher risk of developing epilepsy in both neuroglial tumors and low‐grade gliomas. Focal seizures with or without alteration of consciousness and/or secondary generalization are common. Focal seizures with altered consciousness are present in 50–70% of neuroglial tumors, and secondarily generalized seizures in 70% of low‐grade gliomas. Surgical treatment, particularly gross tumor resection, contributes strongly to seizure freedom, especially in neuroglial tumors. Refractory epilepsy is more common in low‐grade gliomas, occurring in 30–35%. Recurrence or worsening of seizures is often associated with tumor recurrence in glioblastomas. Translational studies have revealed a strong prevalence of IDH1 enzyme mutation together with the presence of seizures and long‐term survival in low‐grade gliomas. Disturbances of glutamate metabolism occur both in low‐grade tumors and glioblastomas, and provide insight into mutual cellular pathway abnormalities contributing to both seizure development and tumor growth. Likewise, the recent clinical observations on antitumor activity of the anticonvulsant valproic acid in glioblastoma now provide promising outlooks on single therapies that target both seizures and gliomas.
Tumoral epileptogenicity: How does it happen?
Authors: Pallud Johan , Capelle Laurent , Huberfeld Gilles 
Published: December 2013

SummaryGliomas are the most frequent primary brain tumors and most glioma patients have seizures. The origin and mechanisms of human glioma–related epilepsy are multifactorial and an intermix of oncologic and neuronal processes. In this brief review, we show that the infiltrated peritumoral neocortex appears to be the key structure for glioma‐related epileptic activity, which depends on the interactions between the tumor per se and the surrounding brain. We shed light on the underlying mechanisms from two different “tumorocentric” and “epileptocentric” approaches, with a special emphasis on the glioma‐related glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic changes leading to epileptogenicity. Because gliomas use the neurotransmitter glutamate as a “tumor growth factor” to enhance glioma cell proliferation and invasion with neurotoxic, proinvasive, and proliferative effects, glutamate homeostasis is impaired, with elevated extracellular glutamate concentrations. Such excitatory effects contribute to the generation of epileptic activity in the peritumoral neocortex. GABAergic signaling is also involved both in tumor growth and in paradoxical excitatory effects mediated by alterations in neuronal and tumor cell Cl− homeostasis related to cotransporter changes. Local excitability may also be affected by an increase in extracellular K+ concentration, the alkalization of peritumoral neocortex, and alterations of gap‐junction functioning. Finally, the tumor itself may mechanically affect locally neuronal behavior, connections, and networks. Better understanding of glioma‐related oncologic and epileptologic processes are crucial for development of combined therapeutic strategies, but so far, the surgical management of gliomas should comprise a maximally safe surgical resection encompassing peritumoral neocortex.
Long‐term monitoring of brain tumors: When is it necessary?
Authors: Kennedy Jeffrey , Schuele Stephan U. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryTumors, particularly low grade glioma and glioneuronal tumors, account for 25–35% of patients who are undergoing epilepsy surgery for intractable seizures. A comprehensive epilepsy evaluation including video–electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is useful for most of these patients, to determine the optimal extent of resection for the achievement of seizure‐free outcome without causing postoperative deficits. Video‐EEG monitoring for patients with brain tumor should also be considered in specific situations, such as patients with new postoperative seizures or advanced tumors with unexplained mental status change.
Invasive EEG studies in tumor‐related epilepsy: When are they indicated and with what kind of electrodes?
Authors: Rosenow Felix , Menzler Katja 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPatients with tumor‐related epilepsy (TRE) represent an important proportion of epilepsy surgery cases. Recently established independent negative predictors of postoperative seizure outcome are long duration of epilepsy, presence of generalized tonic–clonic seizures, and incomplete tumor resection. In temporal lobe cases, additional hippocampectomy or corticectomy may further improve outcome. Invasive electroencephalography (EEG) recordings (IEEG) may be indicated to guide the resection by defining eloquent cortex (EC) or to determine the extent of potentially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–negative epileptogenic tissue. In fact, invasive recordings are reportedly used in up to 10% of patients who are undergoing epilepsy surgery for TRE. Following careful consideration of the concepts underlying epilepsy surgery, the current use of IEEG, and the predictors of outcome in extratemporal and temporal tumors in TRE, we postulate the following> (1) In patients with extratemporal TRE, IEEG is necessary only if the MRI lesion (and if feasible a rim around it) cannot be completely resected because of adjacent or overlapping EC. In these cases, EC should be mapped to determine its relationships to the lesion, the irritative, and seizure‐onset zones in order to maximize the extent of the lesionectomy. (2) In patients with nondominant temporal TRE, data suggest that if epileptogenic tumors (ETs) are encroaching on mesial temporal structures, if epilepsy duration is long, and seizures are frequent and disabling, these structures should be included in the resection. (3) In patients with dominant temporal TRE, we suggest leaving the mesial structures in place if they are functionally and structurally intact and to consider resecting these structures only if they are structurally and functionally abnormal. There is insufficient evidence justifying the use of IEEG to define the extent of the epileptogenic zone in such cases. This should be reserved for cases where an initial lesionectomy has failed.