bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viologen-phosphorus dendrimers exhibit minor toxicity against a murine neuroblastoma cell line
Authors: Lazniewska Joanna , Milowska Katarzyna , Katir Nadia , Kadib Abdelkim , Bryszewska Maria , Majoral Jean-Pierre , Gabryelak Teresa 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDendrimers containing viologen (derivatives of 4,4′-bipyridyl) units in their structure have been demonstrated to exhibit antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). It has also recently been revealed that novel dendrimers with both viologen units and phosphorus groups in their structure show different antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hemotoxic properties, and have the ability to influence the activity of cholinesterases and to inhibit α-synuclein fibrillation. Since the influence of viologen-phosphorus structures on basic cellular processes had not been investigated, we examined the impact of such macromolecules on the murine neuroblastoma cell line (N2a). We selected three water-soluble viologen-phosphorus (VPD) dendrimers, which differ in their core structure, number of viologen units and number and type of surface groups, and analyzed several aspects of the cellular response. These included cell viability, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alterations in mitochondrial activity, morphological modifications, and the induction of apoptosis and necrosis. The MTT assay results suggest that all of the tested dendrimers are only slightly cytotoxic. Although some changes in ROS formation and mitochondrial function were detected, the three compounds did not induce apoptosis or necrosis. In light of these results, we can assume that the tested VPD are relatively safe for mouse neuroblastoma cells. Although more research on their safety is needed, VPD seem to be promising nanoparticles for further biomedical investigation.
The use of artificial neural networks to predict the muscle behavior
Authors: Kutilek Patrik , Viteckova Slavka , Svoboda Zdenĕk , Smrcka Pavel 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The aim of this article is to introduce methods of prediction of muscle behavior of the lower extremities based on artificial neural networks, which can be used for medical purposes. Our work focuses on predicting muscletendon forces and moments during human gait with the use of angle-time diagram. A group of healthy children and children with cerebral palsy were measured using a Vicon MoCap system. The kinematic data was recorded and the OpenSim software system was used to identify the joint angles, muscle-tendon forces and joint muscle moment, which are presented graphically with time diagrams. The musculus gastrocnemius medialis that is often studied in the context of cerebral palsy have been chosen to study the method of prediction. The diagrams of mean muscle-tendon force and mean moment are plotted and the data about the force-time and moment-time dependencies are used for training neural networks. The new way of prediction of muscle-tendon forces and moments based on neural networks was tested. Neural networks predicted the muscle forces and moments of healthy children and children with cerebral palsy. The designed method of prediction by neural networks could help to identify the difference between muscle behavior of healthy subjects and diseased subjects.
Constructal design applied to the elastic buckling of thin plates with holes
Authors: Rocha Luiz , Isoldi Liércio , Vasconcellos Real Mauro , Santos Elizaldo , Correia Anderson , Lorenzini Giulio , Biserni Cesare 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Elastic buckling is an instability phenomenon that can occur if a slender and thin plate is subjected to axial compression. An important characteristic of the buckling is that the instability may occur at a stress level that is substantially lower than the material yield strength. Besides, the presence of holes in structural plate elements is common. However these perforations cause a redistribution in plate membrane stresses, significantly altering their stability. In this paper the Bejan’s Constructal Design was employed to optimize the geometry of simply supported, rectangular, thin perforated plates subjected to the elastic buckling. Three different centered hole shapes were considered: elliptical, rectangular and diamond. The objective function was to maximize the critical buckling load. The degree of freedom H/L (ratio between width and length of the plate) was kept constant, while H0/L0 (ratio between the characteristic dimensions of the holes) was optimized for several hole volume fractions (ϕ). A numerical model employing the Lanczos method and based on the finite element method was used. The results showed that, for lower values of ϕ the optimum geometry is the diamond hole. For intermediate and higher values of ϕ, the elliptical and rectangular hole, respectively, led to the best performance.
Microstructure and crack resistance of low carbon Cr-Ni and Cr-Ni-W steel after austempering
Authors: Avdjieva Tatyana , Tsutsumanova Gichka , Russev Stoyan , Staevski Konstantin 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The microstructure of the low carbon Cr-Ni steel after slow cooling from austenization temperature represents a mix of granulated bainite with islands from carbon-rich martensite and carbon-poor austenite. After quick cooling throwing in salt bath from austenization temperature the microstructure is lath bainite. However, in the same treatment conditions, the microstructure of the low carbon Cr-Ni-W steel is different — clusters consist from lath ferrite and retained austenite, disposed in the frame of parent’s austenite grains. The cooling velocity has no effect upon the structure making. The impact toughness of the steel with tungsten content is bigger than the steel without tungsten.
Urban drainage control applying rational method and geographic information technologies
Authors: Aldalur Beatriz , Campo Alicia , Fernández Sandra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a method of controlling urban drainages in the town of Ingeniero White motivated by the problems arising as a result of floods, water logging and the combination of southeasterly and high tides.
A Rational Method was applied to control urban watersheds and used tools of Geographic Information Technology (GIT). A Geographic Information System was developed on the basis of 28 panchromatic aerial photographs of 2005. They were georeferenced with control points measured with Global Positioning Systems (basin: 6 km2). Flow rates of basins and sub-basins were calculated and it was verified that the existing open channels have a low slope with the presence of permanent water and generate stagnation of water favored by the presence of trash. It is proposed for the output of storm drains, the use of an existing channel to evacuate the flow. The solution proposed in this work is complemented by the placement of three pumping stations: one on a channel to drain rain water which will allow the drain of the excess water from the lower area where is located the Ingeniero White city and the two others that will drain the excess liquid from the port area.
Elastic analysis of exponential FGM disks subjected to internal and external pressure
Authors: Nejad Mohammad , Abedi Majid , Lotfian Mohammad , Ghannad Mehdi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Assuming exponential varying properties in the radial direction and constant Poisson’s ratio, a closed-form analytical solution based on the elasticity theory is obtained to elastic analysis of disks made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to internal and external pressure. Following this, radial displacement, radial stress, and circumferential stress profiles are plotted for different values of material inhomogeneity constant, as a function of radial direction. The displacements and stresses distributions are compared with the solutions of the finite element method (FEM) and comparison with the corresponding numerical solution indicates that the proposed solution has excellent convergence and accuracy.
Hydrodynamic perspectives of soil scour in fluvial environment
Authors: Salim Sarik , Jayaratne Ravindra 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The major concern for many hydraulic structures is the effect of scour at the toe, when the racing floodwater scours away the bed just downstream of the piers. Therefore, understanding the soil-hydrodynamic interaction needs to be investigated. In this study, a series of 2D laboratory tests have been carried out to study the likelihood of soil scour due to the soil-hydrodynamic interaction and influence of sediment properties. Characteristics such as sediment deposition patterns, longitudinal/lateral spreading length/area, and bed scour profiles for three sediment diameters (i.e. 0.26, 0.30 and 2.40 mm) under dry and wet soil conditions are studied intensively. Experimental results revealed that soil of identical diameters under wet and dry conditions caused significant changes in soil scour rate and deposition patterns. Transport rates in dry condition were much slower than wet condition. It was observed that, for the same flow condition, different soils gave different long term equilibrium deposition patterns due to the grain size distribution and particle shape. Eddies were generated behind the soil samples which resulted in forming a series of ‘crescent’ zones. Findings of this study could offer a qualitative outline of the effects of various parameters to demonstrate a better representation of estimating scour rate in fluvial condition.
Some functional properties of composite material based on scrap tires
Authors: Plesuma Renate , Malers Laimonis 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The utilization of scrap tires still obtains a remarkable importance from the aspect of unloading the environment from non-degradable waste [1]. One of the most prospective ways for scrap tires reuse is a production of composite materials [2] This research must be considered as a continuation of previous investigations [3, 4]. It is devoted to the clarification of some functional properties, which are considered important for the view of practical applications, of the composite material. Some functional properties of the material were investigated, for instance, the compressive stress at different extent of deformation of sample (till 67% of initial thickness) (LVS EN 826) [5] and the resistance to UV radiation (modified method based on LVS EN 14836) [6]. Experiments were realized on the purposefully selected samples. The results were evaluated in the correlation with potential changes of Shore C hardness (Shore scale, ISO 7619-1, ISO 868) [7, 8]. The results showed noticeable resistance of the composite material against the mechanical influence and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The correlation with the composition of the material, activity of binder, definite technological parameters, and the conditions supported during the production, were determined. It was estimated that selected properties and characteristics of the material are strongly dependent from the composition and technological parameters used in production of the composite material, and from the size of rubber crumb. Obtained results show possibility to attain desirable changes in the composite material properties by changing both the composition and technological parameters of examined material.
Le corps vieillissant et les soignants : vers une co-dépendance ?
Authors: Andrieu Bernard , Gérardin Pascale 
Published: July 2013

La dépendance du corps vieillissant est souvent reconnue et désignée par les soignants selon le degré, la gravité et l’intensité du soin à prodiguer. Nous montrons dans cet article comment les soignants s’appuient sur plusieurs types de gestes pour agir selon une éthique précise du soin. Mais si l’action est efficace, le feedback psychologique pour le soignant est important car il ne reste pas indifférent à la dépendance : c’est ce que nous appelons un effet de co-dépendance entre les soignants et les soignés ; chacun a besoin de l’autre, chacun est bien dans une dépendance de l’un envers l’autre qui dépasse vraisemblablement et/ou va au-delà de la relation de réciprocité.
La fin de la dépendance ?
Authors: Macia Enguerran , Duboz Priscilla , Chevé Dominique 
Published: July 2013

L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les changements en germe dans les représentations des personnes âgées dépendantes, en France, au travers du prisme du corps vieillissant. Pour aborder cette problématique, 29 entretiens compréhensifs ont été réalisés avec des femmes âgées de 65 à 75 ans, à Marseille en 2011. Après une brève analyse de la notion de dépendance dans les sociétés individualistes, puis des liens qui l’unissent à la vieillesse et aux personnes âgées en France, nous détaillerons les progrès biomédicaux et techniques qui ont permis la transformation des corps vieillissants dans leur infrastructure matérielle. Nous comprendrons alors pourquoi la dépendance, telle qu’elle est utilisée en gérontologie, est, si l’on peut dire, une notion en « fin de vie ».
Libres propos. Autonomie et barrière d'âge : vers un droit universel ?
Authors: Imbert Geneviève 
Published: July 2013

L’entretien réalisé avec François Jeger, socio-économiste, directeur de l’Unité de recherche sur le vieillissement à la Cnav vise à retracer la genèse de la question de la barrière d’âge s’agissant des personnes âgées dépendantes et des personnes en situation de handicap et à envisager son actualité. Après la création récente de deux prestations distinctes, l’Allocation personnalisée d’autonomie (Apa) et la Prestation de compensation du handicap (PCH), la suppression de la barrière d’âge évoquée dans la loi de 2005 sur le handicap s’est heurtée à des difficultés de mise en œuvre et surtout à un risque de créer une prestation difficilement finançable dans le contexte actuel.
Prise de position de la société française de gériatrie et gérontologie sur le concept d'intégration (texte intégral)
Authors: Somme Dominique , Trouvé Hélène , Passadori Yves , Corvez Alain , Jeandel Claude , Bloch Marie-Aline , Ruault Geneviève , Dupont Olivier , de Stampa Matthieu 
Published: July 2013

Le concept d’intégration des soins et des services, bien que datant des années 90, n’est que récemment apparu dans les politiques publiques en France. Ce concept doit s’articuler avec celui de « coordination » qui a prévalu dans la conduite de la majorité des politiques publiques touchant le champ gérontologique depuis les années 60 en France. Afin de clarifier le concept et son adaptation à la réalité du système de soins et de services français, la Société française de gériatrie et de gérontologie a mandaté un groupe de travail interdisciplinaire. Les travaux de ce groupe sont synthétisés dans cet article.
La résidence comme appartenance
Authors: Barbot Michela 
Published: July 2013

S’appuyant sur des sources concernant Milan et Plaisance et sur la littérature relative à d’autres cas d’étude, l’article se propose d’explorer les logiques de l’inclusion sociale dans l’Italie urbaine d’Ancien Régime à travers un regard centré sur la catégorie de résidence et ses contenus à la fois matériels et juridiques. L’objectif est celui d’essayer de comprendre comment ces multiples contenus ont pu charpenter les différents degrés d’appartenance aux communautés urbaines, du niveau d’inclusion le plus bas lié à la sous-location des demeures temporaires, jusqu’au sommet de la pleine citoyenneté politique, associée le plus souvent à la « quasi » et/ou la pleine propriété du logement.
Les vieux quartiers de Marseille au XIX e siècle
Authors: Montel Laurence 
Published: July 2013

Entre les années 1860 et les années 1890, les vieux quartiers de Marseille, îlots du centre médiéval épargnés par les grands travaux de réaménagement urbain, deviennent les bas-fonds de la ville, décrits d’abord comme une cour des miracles pittoresque, puis comme l’abri d’une armée du crime redoutée. C’est cet imaginaire que l’on se propose d’examiner ici, d’une part pour revenir aux racines historiques d’un imaginaire criminel marseillais encore bien vaillant aujourd’hui, d’autre part pour expliquer les logiques de ces représentations saisies dans des dynamiques locales et nationales. Le motif de la cour des miracles reflète les sentiments contradictoires provoqués par les grands travaux urbains, chez une élite locale imprégnée de romantisme. L’armée du crime s’inscrit en revanche dans un imaginaire criminel plus démocratique, qui révèle la cohésion renforcée de l’espace public marseillais et de l’espace public national, autour du projet républicain, au service duquel la lutte contre le crime est un outil d’intégration sociale et d’action politique.
Les passages ouverts
Authors: Lenoir Joëlle , Gribaudi Maurizio 
Published: July 2013

Une lecture esthétisante des travaux de Walter Benjamin et de l’imposante masse de littérature dédiée à la « culture des boulevards », a fait des « galeries » et des « passages couverts », développés au cours de la première moitié du XIX e siècle dans les quartiers bourgeois, les icônes identitaires d’une nouvelle modernité parisienne. En intégrant directement les représentations d’une partie très minoritaire des élites contemporaines, de telles lectures ont contribué à effacer les autres réalités de la ville. Les plus nombreux « passages ouverts » multipliés au cours de la même période dans les quartiers populaires, sont les témoins d’une modernité tout aussi vivante et active mais, depuis, totalement oubliée. L’analyse approfondie des dynamiques démographiques, économiques et sociales qui précèdent et accompagnent l’ouverture d’un de ces passages, permet d’exhumer les traits caractéristiques de cette « autre modernité » : une transformation importante de l’espace local par la densification et la transformation de l’ancien bâti, le renouvellement des formes de production et de commercialisation, le développement de visions et de pratiques de la ville jusqu’alors inédites.
A Restricted Role for TYK2 Catalytic Activity in Human Cytokine Responses Revealed by Novel TYK2-Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Sohn Sue J. , Barrett Kathy , Van Abbema Anne , Chang Christine , Kohli Pawan Bir , Kanda Hidenobu , Smith Janice , Lai Yingjie , Zhou Aihe , Zhang Birong , Yang Wenqian , Williams Karen , Macleod Calum , Hurley Christopher A. , Kulagowski Janusz J. , Lewin-Koh Nicholas , Dengler Hart S. , Johnson Adam R. , Ghilardi Nico , Zak Mark , Liang Jun , Blair Wade S. , Magnuson Steven , Wu Lawren C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
TYK2 is a JAK family protein tyrosine kinase activated in response to multiple cytokines, including type I IFNs, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23. Extensive studies of mice that lack TYK2 expression indicate that the IFN-α, IL-12, and IL-23 pathways, but not the IL-6 or IL-10 pathways, are compromised. In contrast, there have been few studies of the role of TYK2 in primary human cells. A genetic mutation at the tyk2 locus that results in a lack of TYK2 protein in a single human patient has been linked to defects in the IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-23 pathways, suggesting a broad role for TYK2 protein in human cytokine responses. In this article, we have used a panel of novel potent TYK2 small-molecule inhibitors with varying degrees of selectivity against other JAK kinases to address the requirement for TYK2 catalytic activity in cytokine pathways in primary human cells. Our results indicate that the biological processes that require TYK2 catalytic function in humans are restricted to the IL-12 and IL-23 pathways, and suggest that inhibition of TYK2 catalytic activity may be an efficacious approach for the treatment of select autoimmune diseases without broad immunosuppression.
IL-33 Signaling Regulates Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Flaczyk Adam , Duerr Claudia U. , Shourian Mitra , Lafferty Erin I. , Fritz Jörg H. , Qureshi Salman T. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Susceptibility to progressive infection with the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with an allergic pattern of lung inflammation, yet the factors that govern this host response are not clearly understood. Using a clinically relevant mouse model of inhalational infection with virulent C. neoformans H99, we demonstrate a role for IL-33–dependent signaling in host immune defense. Infection of BALB/c mice with 104 CFU of C. neoformans H99 caused a time-dependent induction of IL-33 with accumulation of type 2 pulmonary innate lymphoid cells and alternatively activated macrophages in the lungs as well as Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes. IL-33R subunit T1/ST2-deficient (T1/ST2−/−) mice infected with C. neoformans H99 had improved survival with a decreased fungal burden in the lungs, spleen, and brain, compared with wild-type mice. Signaling through T1/ST2 was required for the accumulation and early production of IL-5 and IL-13 by lung type 2 pulmonary innate lymphoid cells. Further analysis of T1/ST2−/− mice revealed increased fungicidal exudate macrophages in the lungs and decreased C. neoformans–specific Th2 cells in the mediastinal lymph nodes. T1/ST2 deficiency also diminished goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus hypersecretion, bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophilia, alternative activation of macrophages, and serum IgE. These observations demonstrate that IL-33–dependent signaling contributes to the expansion of innate type 2 immunity and subsequent Th2-biased lung immunopathology that facilitates C. neoformans growth and dissemination.
Stress measures in tail biters and bitten pigs in a matched case-control study
Authors: Munsterhjelm C , Brunberg E , Heinonen M , Keeling L , Valros A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to identify differences in stress measures in pigs(Sus scrofa)with different roles during a tail-biting outbreak. Quartets (n = 16) of age- and gender-matched fattening pigs including a tail biter (TB; n = 16), a victim (V; n = 16), a control in the same pen (Ctb; n = 10), and one in a pen without tail biting (Cno; n = 14) were chosen by direct behavioural observation. Stress measures used were behaviour (dog-sitting, sniffing of pen-mates and aggression), thyroid hormone concentration, morphology of adrenal and thyroid glands and salivary cortisol concentration sampled at 0700, 1000, 1600 and 1900h. Category (TB, V, Ctb, Cno) effects were investigated using a mixed model with replicate as subject and category as repeated effect. Category had a significant effect on adrenal total (cortex + medulla) and cortical area, salivary cortisol at 1900h, serum triiodothyronine (T3) and the behaviours performing and receiving sniffing. Victims suffered from a triad of chronic stress, pathology and suppressed T3 secretion. Evidence for stress in tail biters, a possible cause of the behaviour, consisted of a slightly flattened day-time cortisol pattern and more performed sniffing than all other categories. Differences in evening cortisol concentration and T3 levels between the categories in the pen with ongoing tail biting emphasise the qualities of the control animal. It supports the view that neutral pigs represent a phenotype that adopts a coping strategy leading to lower stress levels than in tail biters and victims, despite being housed in the same pen.