bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver transplantation for bile duct injury after open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Parrilla P , Robles R , Varo E , Jiménez C , Sánchez-Cabús S , Pareja E , Fabregat J , Sánchez-Turrión V , Valdivieso A , Vazquez L , Martínez-de Haro L F , Sánchez-Bueno F , Ramírez P 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Bile duct injury (BDI) after cholecystectomy is a serious complication. In a small subset of patients with BDI, failure of surgical or non-surgical management might lead to acute or chronic liver failure. The aim of this study was to review the indications and outcome of liver transplantation (LT) for BDI after open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods
Patients with BDI after cholecystectomy who were on the waiting list for LT between January 1987 and December 2010 were identified from LT centres in Spain. A standardized questionnaire was sent to each unit for extraction of data on diagnosis, previous treatments, indication and outcome of LT for BDI.

Results
Some 27 patients with BDI after cholecystectomy in whom surgical and non-surgical management for BDI failed were scheduled for LT over the 24-year interval. Emergency LT for acute liver failure was indicated in seven patients, all after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two patients died while on the waiting list and only one patient survived more than 30 days after LT. Elective LT for secondary biliary cirrhosis after a failed hepaticojejunostomy was performed in 13 patients after open and seven after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. One patient from the elective transplantation group died within 30 days of LT. The estimated 5-year overall survival rate was 68 per cent.

Conclusion
Emergency LT for acute liver failure was more common in patients with BDI after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and associated with a poor outcome.
The insanity defense: Historical development and present status
Authors: Weiner Barbara A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the historical development of the insanity defense, including a discussion of the standards which have been used to excuse someone from criminal responsibility. The legal issues raised pre‐trial and at trial are presented, along with a discussion of current proposals to modify or abolish the insanity defense. The article also focuses on the disposition of insanity acquittees, including both the case and statutory law in this area. Constitutional bases for challenges to differential procedures for insanity acquittees, along with proposals to change the law relating to them are included.
Insanity defense research and treatment of insanity acquittees
Authors: Steadman Henry J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article is a comprehensive review of issues relevant to the insanity defense and the disposition of insanity acquittees. The characteristics of persons found Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI) are described. Although the locus of treatment of the NGRI acquittee varies by jurisdiction, at this time, care and detention of insanity acquittees fall mainly to state mental health agencies. Recent reforms, as they relate to locus of treatment, are reviewed and public policy issues are discussed. The author concludes that more clinical research on the insanity acquittee is necessary for the development of more informed public policy on the insanity defense.
Criticisms of the criminal justice system: A decision making analysis
Authors: Ebbesen Ebbe B. , Konečni Vladimir J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWhen a decision making analysis is applied to key decisions within the criminal justice system, e.g., bail, sentencing, and plea bargaining, a wide range of evidence suggests that the decision makers believe they follow policies other than those that actually guide their decisions; that the policies that are followed are often simple ones, involving only a few decision factors; and that the decision outcomes are often assigned to defendants in a reasonable manner but that, even so, the outcomes are often ineffective. Because many proposals for the reform of the criminal justice system are based on the testimony of decision makers and “experts” whose knowledge of the system is often flawed, it is unlikely that reforms will have a beneficial impact on criminal behavior until much more is known about the day‐to‐day decisions of judges, prosecutors, and probation officers.
From tarasoff to hopper: The evolution of the therapist's duty to protect third parties
Authors: Goodman Thomas A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe duty of therapists to protect third parties has gained national attention following the analyses of the California Supreme Court in Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California in 1974 and in 1976. The assassination attempt by John Hinckley, Jr., has spawned yet another “duty to protect” case (Hopper v. Brady). Utilizing the issues involved in Hopper, this paper discusses the psychotherapists' duty to protect from harm the patients' potential victims. Following an analysis of Hopper, Tarasoff is extensively reviewed. The evolution of Tarasoff within California and other jurisdictions is traced. Finally, an appraisal of the current status of the therapists' duty to protect as applied to Hopper and future cases is presented.
Legal issues raised in treating sex offenders
Authors: Weiner Barbara A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFor the past 50 years the criminal justice system has distinguished sex offenders from other criminals. This has resulted in their differential treatment, with the goal being to eliminate their inappropriate behavior. This article discusses the history and status of mentally disordered sex offender (MDSO) statutes. A review of the legal issues which arise when treating a sex offender without statutory authorization is provided. A discussion of problems raised in treating the offender on both an inpatient and outpatient setting is presented. The article concludes with an analysis of the legal problems confronting the treatment provider in working with this group of individuals.
Long‐term remission in an aggressive Crooke cell adenoma of the pituitary , 18 months after discontinuation of treatment with temozolomide
Authors: Asimakopoulou Athina , Tzanela Marinela , Koletti Ageliki , Kontogeorgos George , Tsagarakis Stylianos 
Published: December 2013

Key Clinical MessageThe clinical course of our patient, who sustained remission status for at least 18 months highlights the chance of long‐term hormonal and tumor remission and demonstrates the efficacy and safety of discontinuation of temozolomide therapy. Prospective studies are required in order to define predictors of long‐term remission of this promising therapeutic modality.
An enhanced multiphase Chan–Vese model for the remote sensing image segmentation
Authors: Yi Xin , Hu Yingjie , Jia Zhenhong , Wang Liejun , Yang Jie , Kasabov Nikola 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYThe level set method has been widely used in image segmentation; however, the complexity of the computation has restricted its application field. Also, it is a big challenge to segment remote sensing image mainly because of the complex terrain. In this paper, an enhanced multiphase phase level set method based on the Chan–Vese (C‐V) model is proposed for segmenting remote sensing images. Compared with the C‐V model, two main contributions of the proposed model mainly include the following: First, we introduce a new strategy of initialization in which the contours of the first k biggest connected regions are extracted as the initial curves (k is the number of level set functions); Second, to increase the accuracy, a morphological gradient component is added to the original intensity image. To investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed model, we have applied it to analyze different kinds of images, including synthetic, real, and remote sensing images. The experimental results have shown that our method is able to achieve better segmentation with less computational consumption compared with the traditional multiphase C‐V model and local and global intensity fitting model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Living
Authors: Mielecke Torsten 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEinfamilienhäuser gehören zu der beliebtesten Wohnform in Deutschland. Große Teile der Bevölkerung streben den Besitz eines Einfamilienhauses an. Gleichzeitig stehen Einfamilienhäuser in der Kritik nicht nachhaltig zu sein, weil sie zu einem erhöhten Flächen‐ sowie Ressourcenverbrauch beitragen und häufig nicht an die sich wandelnden Lebensumstände der Eigentümer angepasst werden können. Um dieser Kritik entgegenzuwirken, bedarf es eines einfachen, transparenten Instrumentes zur Darstellung der Nachhaltigkeitsqualität von Einfamilienhäusern. Mit dem in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Bewertungssystem kann die Qualität eines Einfamilienhauses in ökologischer, ökonomischer und sozial‐funktionaler Sicht mit geringem Aufwand beurteilt werden. Aufbauend darauf ist eine gezielte Optimierung des Gebäudes und damit verbunden der Nachhaltigkeit möglich.Sustainable Living – Assessing the quality of sustainability single‐family homes. Single‐family homes are the most popular forms of living. Large parts of the population aspire to the possession of a family home. At the same time houses are in critique to not to be sustainable because they contribute to increased land‐and resource requirements, and often cannot be adapted to the changing circumstances of the owner. To counter this criticism, we need a simple transparent instrument to represent the quality of sustainable family homes. As presented in this paper, the quality evaluation system of a single‐family home may be assessed in an ecological, economic and social‐functional perspective with little effort. Based on this, a targeted optimization of the building and thereby of sustainability is possible.
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen.Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved.The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2].
Trimeric Cage Complexes of Platinum Group and Coin Metals
Authors: Stickel Marc , Maichle‐Moessmer Caecilia , Mayer Hermann A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe treatment of cis,cis‐1,3,5‐tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)cyclohexane (tdppmcy) with Rh(CO)Cl(PPh3)2, MCl2L2 (M = Pd, Pt; L = PhCN, MeCN), Pt(CN)2, AgBF4, or Au(Cl)PPh3 in a stoichiometric ratio of 2:3 affords the trimeric macrocyclic cage compounds [M]3(tdppmcy)2 {[M] = trans‐Rh(CO)Cl (2), trans‐PdCl2 (3), trans‐Pt(CN)2 (4b), Ag+ (5), and AuCl (6)} in good yields. Only when PtCl2(PhCN)2 was used as complex precursor, the formation of coordination polymers was observed. NMR spectroscopy in solution as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses demonstrate that in all cases two tdppmcy ligands coordinate three metal fragments exclusively in trans fashion.
C–H Bond Functionalization with the Formation of a C–C Bond: A Free Radical Condensation Reaction Based on the Phthalimido‐N‐oxyl Radical
Authors: Patil Shradha , Chen Liang , Tanko James M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe development of a new chemical process that effects the conversion RH + C=C–C–X → R–C–C=C + HX, in which X is the phthalimido‐N‐oxyl radical (PINO·), is reported. The reaction yields are high, mass balances are excellent, and C–H bond functionalization and C–C bond formation are achieved in a single transformation. The byproduct of the reaction, N‐hydroxyphthalimide, precipitates from solution and can be easily removed by simple filtration (and recycled). The kinetic chain lengths are shorter and the reaction times are longer (relative to those of the analogous reactions of allyl bromides), most likely because PINO· is a less‐reactive hydrogen‐atom abstractor. There appears to be no significant difference in efficiency in the addition–elimination steps. Competition experiments reveal that Br· and PINO· are comparable in leaving group ability.
Inferior outdoor‐exposed performances of encapsulated a‐Si:H photovoltaic modules deposited with a high speed
Authors: Myong Seung Yeop , Park Jun Hyoung , Kwon Seong Won 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe investigate the stabilized performance of encapsulated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules depending on the deposition speed. The module products are degraded differently depending on the light‐soaking environment. The modules deposited at a high speed demonstrate significant degradation in an outdoor exposure test, despite moderate degradation during indoor light soaking. However, the modules deposited at a low speed show a relatively more stable performance against the outdoor exposure test. Notably, some modules show the trend that a higher initial performance stimulates a higher light‐induced degradation, leading to a lower performance in the outdoor environment.
Lurasidone: new development for the treatment of psychosis
Authors: Stokes Paul , Young Allan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough we have had efficacious medications for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder for over half a century, there remains a clear need for more effective and better‐tolerated treatments for both conditions. Current antipsychotics often have troubling side‐effect profiles particularly with respect to weight gain and cardiometabolic parameters. These drawbacks also extend to treatment of mania and there are very few evidence‐based treatments for the depressed phases of bipolar disorder. The introduction of a novel treatment with a potentially better risk‐to‐benefit profile is therefore welcome.
Promising new drugs and drug targets for HIV treatment
Authors: Duncan Sarah , Dorrell Lucy 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe mortality associated with HIV has declined since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and life expectancy for those who begin treatment early enough is now approaching that of the general population. However, key concerns in maintaining long‐term control of HIV are side‐effects and convenience/adherence. This review will discuss the available and recently introduced treatments, and the potential future therapies currently under investigation.
Hydration kinetics of direct expanded tef flour breakfast cereals in water and milk
Authors: Solomon W. K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHydration kinetics of tef flour breakfast cereals extruded at barrel temperatures of 110, 130, and 150°C was investigated by hydrating them in water and whole milk at 25°C (±1°C). The normalized Weibull model described the rehydration characteristics of the extrudates in water and milk adequately (R2 = 0.98–0.99). Water absorption rate was significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by barrel temperature where extrudates processed at 150°C barrel temperature exhibited high water absorption rate followed by those extruded at 130 and 100°C, respectively. Hydration rate and equilibrium moisture content were higher for samples hydrated in water than those in milk. In view of the values of the shape parameter β, the hydration process is predominantly controlled by diffusion (β = 0.40–0.51) for samples extruded at 110°C whereas external resistance to mass transfer dominated (β = 0.60–0.73) those extruded using 150 and 130°C. Extrudates processed at 130 and 150°C exhibited better hydration characteristics. Thus, these temperature ranges could be used to produce extruded products from tef.
Evaluation of biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofiber membrane crosslinked with genipin
Authors: Bavariya Ankit J. , Andrew Norowski P. , Mark Anderson K. , Adatrow Pradeep C. , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Stein Sidney H. , Bumgardner Joel D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has demonstrated potential as a degradable biocompatible guided bone regeneration membrane. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility and degradation of chitosan nanofiber membranes, with and without genipin crosslinking as compared with a commercial collagen membrane in rat model. Chitosan nanofiber membranes, with and without genipin crosslinking, and collagen membrane (control) were implanted subcutaneously in the backs of 30 rats. The membranes were analyzed histologically at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks. Sections were viewed and graded by a blinded pathologist using a 4‐point scoring system (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe) to determine the tissue reaction to the membranes and to observe membrane degradation. There was no statistically significant difference in histological scores among chitosan and collagen membranes at different time points. Absence or minimal inflammation was observed in 57–74% of the membranes across all groups. Most chitosan membranes persisted for 16–20 weeks, whereas most collagen membranes disappeared by resorption at 12–16 weeks. The general tissue response to chitosan nanofiber membranes with and without genipin crosslinking, was similar to that of control commercial collagen membrane. However, the chitosan membranes exhibited slower degradation rates than collagen membranes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1084–1092, 2014.
Response bias, weighting adjustments, and design effects in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS)
Authors: Kessler Ronald C. , Heeringa Steven G. , Colpe Lisa J. , Fullerton Carol S. , Gebler Nancy , Hwang Irving , Naifeh James A. , Nock Matthew K. , Sampson Nancy A. , Schoenbaum Michael , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) is a multi‐component epidemiological and neurobiological study designed to generate actionable recommendations to reduce US Army suicides and increase knowledge about determinants of suicidality. Three Army STARRS component studies are large‐scale surveys: one of new soldiers prior to beginning Basic Combat Training (BCT; n = 50,765 completed self‐administered questionnaires); another of other soldiers exclusive of those in BCT (n = 35,372); and a third of three Brigade Combat Teams about to deploy to Afghanistan who are being followed multiple times after returning from deployment (n = 9421). Although the response rates in these surveys are quite good (72.0–90.8%), questions can be raised about sample biases in estimating prevalence of mental disorders and suicidality, the main outcomes of the surveys based on evidence that people in the general population with mental disorders are under‐represented in community surveys. This paper presents the results of analyses designed to determine whether such bias exists in the Army STARRS surveys and, if so, to develop weights to correct for these biases. Data are also presented on sample inefficiencies introduced by weighting and sample clustering and on analyses of the trade‐off between bias and efficiency in weight trimming. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of weight, race, and health care experiences in care use among young men and women
Authors: Persky Susan , de Heer Hendrik D. , McBride Colleen M. , Reid Robert J. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveIncreases in overweight and obesity (O/O)‐related morbidities and health care costs raise questions about how weight influences patients' health care use and care experiences. Past research has been inconsistent; however, prior study designs and samples have limited exploration of how this association might be influenced by gender, race, and the joint impact of these factors.MethodsThis analysis of 1,036 young, relatively healthy, ethnically diverse, insured adults assessed the influence of O/O, gender, and race on, and the role of health care experiences in primary and preventive care use over a 12‐month period.ResultsThe association of weight status with care use differed by gender. O/O men used more primary care visits; O/O women used fewer preventive care visits than their healthy weight counterparts. O/O men had poorer health care experiences than healthy weight men. African‐American women reported poorer experiences, but those who were O/O reported greater trust in their provider. Care experience ratings did not explain the associations between BMI and care use.ConclusionsGender, race, and visit type together provide a context for O/O patient's care that may not be explained by care experiences. This context must be considered in efforts to encourage appropriate use of services.
Flexible and Rapid Measurement
Authors: Pruss Christof , Baer Goran , Schindler Johannes , Osten Wolfgang , Siepmann Jens 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOnly what you can measure, you can produce. This often quoted statement aptly describes the area of aspheric lenses production in its interplay of progress in fabrication technology and metrology. Nowadays not only the pure feasibility is in focus, but also economical factors: higher flexibility, high measurement speed and high lateral resolution, ideally all combined with a low measurement uncertainty. In this context, we discuss the recently proposed tilted wave interferometer (TWI, Fig. 1), an approach to interferometrically measure steep aspheres and freeforms within a few seconds.
Determination of the Si Young's modulus between room and melt temperature using the impulse excitation technique
Authors: Swarnakar Akhilesh K. , Van der Biest Omer , Vanhellemont Jan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractStress induced by the thermal gradients near the meltsolid interface affects the intrinsic point defect properties and the quality of single crystal Si grown from a melt. Also during device processing, stress in the Si substrate influences point defect behavior during thermal treatments. To be able to simulate and control the stress distribution one needs to know the elastic constants of single crystal Si at high temperatures. In the present study, the vibrational properties of single crystal Si samples are studied between room and melt temperature using the impulse excitation technique.From the measurements, the temperature dependent Young's moduli E〈ijk〉 of moderately doped Czochralski‐grown Si samples are extracted in the 〈100〉, 〈110〉 and 〈111〉 crystallographic directions. Close to the melt temperature, very high Young's moduli values between 110 and 160 GPa are obtained, depending on the crystallographic direction. Empiric expressions are derived for the temperature dependence of E〈100〉, E〈110〉 and E〈111〉 and of the elastic compliances s11 and s12 + s44/2, useful for application in process simulation. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)