bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring scale‐dependent ecohydrological responses in a large endorheic river basin through integrated surface water‐groundwater modeling
Authors: Tian Yong , Zheng Yi , Zheng Chunmiao , Xiao Honglang , Fan Wenjie , Zou Songbing , Wu Bin , Yao Yingying , Zhang Aijing , Liu Jie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEcohydrological processes in a water‐limited environment are sensitive to both climate conditions and human activities, but the response mechanisms have rarely been explored for large endorheic river basins via an integrated modeling approach. This study established an integrated surface water‐groundwater model for the Heihe River Basin (HRB), China's second largest endorheic river basin, using GSFLOW as the modeling platform. Evapotranspiration (ET) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) data independently derived from remote sensing products were compared and correlated, respectively, with the modeling results. Scale‐dependent interrelationships among ecological, hydrological, and human‐impact (i.e., diversion and pumping) variables were revealed through multiple regression analyses. Major study findings include: (1) the independent ET and LAI data enabled the modeler to crosscheck the modeling results from a unique angle not possible with conventional groundwater and streamflow observations; (2) controlling factors for the temporal variability of ET and LAI exhibit notable scale‐dependence, reflecting distinctive climate, and human impacts on different land covers; and (3) there exists an intricate linkage between the hydrological regimes in the lower HRB and the middle HRB, essentially equivalent to a tradeoff between the ecosystem health of the lower HRB and the sustainable development of the middle HRB. Overall, the integrated modeling assisted by the independent ET and LAI data has provided a coherent understanding on the regional water cycle, and led to new insights on tackling the existing water conflicts in HRB.
Foucault and the Museum
Authors: Hetherington Kevin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter looks at Michel Foucault's influence on the study of museums over the past three decades. While his own observations on museums are limited to a few talks and essays, others have taken a lead from his work in trying to understand the role and nature of museums as a source of power‐knowledge established through a relationship between saying (discourse) and seeing (visual technologies). Despite saying very little himself, in the development of the new museology Foucault, along with Bourdieu, has been one of the leading theoretical voices. This chapter identifies three periods in his work associated with differing interpretations of the museum which can be understood either directly from his own work or from subsequent readings of it. The first period, up to and including the publication ofThe Order of Thingsin 1966, relates to a time when Foucault was interested in establishing an understanding of the power of discourse. Within this work the dominant theme is establishing the primacy of issues of saying and the separation of discourse from speech in the shaping of knowledge. In approaching the museum in these terms, a lead has been provided by the work of Eilean Hooper‐Greenhill which looks at the emergence of the modern museum in relation to different discourses andépistèmeand which challenges an earlier developmental approach. A third period emerges after the publication ofDiscipline and Punishin 1975 and in related work around the issue of governmentality. While discourse does not disappear, this work is more interested in the visual technologies of power and their operation on disciplined subjects. Within museum studies Tony Bennett's work has led this approach. This chapter sees strengths and weakness in both these approaches but seeks a better, if less certain, understanding of the museum, found in a “missing” second period (associated withThe Archaeology of Knowledgeand several papers from the late 1960s) in which an understanding of museums is established around the shaping of museum power‐knowledge through a productive tension between forms of saying and forms of seeing in which neither is dominant. In focusing on this middle period when Foucault addresses the museum directly through his work on heterotopia, Manet, and libraries, the aim is to open up debate around how Foucault's work might be used to further understand museum institutions, their practices, and their visitors. It suggests a more fluid reading of museums in relation to questions of power and knowledge than we have seen up to now.
Anarchical Artifacts: Museums as Sites for Radical Otherness
Authors: Baker Janice 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe meaning a museum ascribes to a cultural object does not necessarily accord with the response a visitor may have to that same artifact. Or, more precisely, the artifact itself shifts with each new encounter with a visitor. The notion of shifting assemblages of visitors/artifacts may initially appear unhelpfully relativist but, on analysis, it provides an opportunity to engage with the museum as a space that transforms viewpoints through original rather than familiar encounters. Such an approach facilitates critical engagement with the affective quality of cultural material and with visitors’ capacity to be affected. The museum of the popular imagination reflects this perspective, particularly museums represented in cinema where artifacts often display anarchical attributes that defy rationality. Theorizing the affective, cinematic quality of encounters complicates the more usual opposition in museum studies between a knowing subject (visitor) and static object (artifact). This enables the incorporation of perspectives that pursue more expansive or radical evaluation of relations with the nonhuman and inorganic beyond framing such objects as the other.
(Post‐)Cartographic Urges: The Intersection of Museums and Tourism
Authors: Staiff Russell 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis quite particular mediation explores some of the ways museums and tourism have become entwined theoretically and the circumstances whereby the ontological distinctions between them collapse. The chapter explores a tourist‐centric notion of the museum as a “destination” for sightseeing and pleasure by examining the museum through the lenses of recent tourism theory, particularly theory that can be broadly understood as having a twinned locus, mobilities and performance. Recent tourism theorization reminds us that the museum doesn't precede the tourist – awaiting their arrival – but is brought into beinginthe experience. This goes beyond cartography, and yet the map and the exhibition plan continue to choreograph movement and performance though now one conceptualized as highly improvised, with a locus in embodiment. To paraphrase Elizabeth Grosz, outside objects, monuments, buildings, and so on are inside bodies.
Reflexive Museology: Lost and Found
Authors: Butler Shelley Ruth 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores the contemporary status of critical reflexive museology in theory and practice. I begin by discussing the canonization ofInto the Heart of Africa, a landmark case of flawed reflexive museology, and then trace what has happened to reflexive museology since the mid‐1990s. I argue that a specific notion of postmodern reflexive museology has receded from contemporary museological debates. However, two decades of practical experimentation with reflexivity, alongside a global proliferation of museums and an increasingly heterogeneous public sphere, has meant that many tactics associated with reflexivity – such as self‐critique and multivocality – are now quite mainstream, and are incorporated into the broader paradigm shift of new museology. I argue that, while reflexivity's association with postmodernism is complicated, the end result is exhibitions that are less monolithic and more visitor‐centered. At this juncture, it is necessary to evaluate on a case‐by‐case basis, not only curators’ and educators’ effectiveness at translating reflexivity into practice, but also the impact and afterlife of their interventions.
Toward a Pedagogy of Feeling: Understanding How Museums Create a Space for Cross‐Cultural Encounters
Authors: Witcomb Andrea 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this chapter I engage with two developments – a growing understanding that citizenship involves political activity on the part of citizens in the public sphere and that affective relationships are an important aspect of this activity – to engage with the increasing use of affective interpretation strategies within exhibitions. I argue that the use of these strategies can be understood as the beginning of a new moment in museological practice that is concerned not so much with finding ways to become more pluralistic in who is represented within museums but with building opportunities for cross‐cultural encounters in ways that question established relationships between self and other. I call this new moment “a pedagogy of feeling,” marking it as distinctive from both “a pedagogy of walking,” a term used by Tony Bennett to encapsulate the specific exhibition strategies that supported evolutionary narratives, and “a pedagogy of listening,” which I suggest marks the moment when exhibition practices were concerned with finding ways to increase the number of voices found in museum exhibitions as part of a civic program to encourage greater degrees of tolerance. Central to a pedagogy of feeling is, I argue, the idea of a “terrible gift” (as Roger Simon calls it), which is enacted through an exhibition syntax that uses a wide variety of affective or sensorial interpretation strategies.
Ambient Aesthetics: Altered Subjectivities in the New Museum
Authors: Radywyl Natalia , McQuire Scott 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI) as a case study for the emergence of hybrid subjectivities within the new museum. Fueled by an optimistic idealism about how technology might transform everyday life, ACMI was conceived as a catalyst for new forms of cultural consciousness. The chapter casts ACMI's initial willingness to experiment with innovative representational technology as a strategic attempt to position itself as a pioneering new media institution, and to engage in alternative forms of cultural citizenship. Its early public exhibitions, for example, often eschewed chronological histories of the moving image in favor of phenomenological displays of visual knowledge and embodied new media “experiences.” In tracking ACMI's changing curatorial, architectural, and experiential directives, this chapter foregrounds the significance of the museum as a producer rather than distributor of stories, experiences, and objects. The argument proceeds with close reference to empirical audience experience research data collected from ACMI visitors, and is situated in relation to historical transformations of pedagogy as a driver for museological display. The concept of “ambient aesthetics” is, finally, proposed as a key conceptual framework for evaluating how contemporary museums might articulate a new kind of “flexible” citizenship in a transnational public sphere.
Sites of Trauma: Contemporary Collecting and Natural Disaster
Authors: Dale‐Hallett Liza , Fraser Peg 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Victorian Bushfires Collection at Museum Victoria started in February 2009, in recognition of the Black Saturday Fires as one of Australia's worst natural disasters. The major part of the collection is composed of material that relates to human experience, objects that symbolize the fragility of life, the depth of loss, the miracle of survival, and the ferocity of fire. This chapter provides a reflexive account of the experiences of the three curators involved in putting this collection together. It explores their theoretical and intellectual frameworks, their methodologies, and the challenges of documenting contemporary natural disasters, and at the same time provides an insight into their own personal journeys while doing this project.Two overall lessons emerge from this reflection. The first is that natural disasters do not conveniently fit into defined boundaries, known pasts, or institutional systems; this necessitates a rethinking of established practices. While social theory, museum collection policies, and past contemporary collecting projects have informed the methodology, the project and its outcomes have emerged through a reflexive process of exploration and creative responses to a dynamic, changing, and sometimes chaotic unfolding of events and circumstances. Key to this was the ability to break down established discipline boundaries within Museum Victoria.The second concerns collecting material from sites of trauma. While museums have traditionally aspired to collect “the real thing” and to create repositories of tangible evidence of our collective past, the essence of this project and its emerging collection was in making real the intangible through personal stories, symbols, and metaphors – giving form to matters of the heart. A new kind of museum practice was therefore needed. The sensitive nature of the project and the inevitable exposure to high levels of emotional and intimate personal experiences were key to understanding and identifying the theoretical frameworks that are relevant to this new museum practice.
Cultural Differences in Emotions
Authors: De Leersnyder Jozefien , Boiger Michael , Mesquita Batja 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Do emotions differ across cultures? This essay reviews the markedly different ways in which psychologists have approached this question in the past and discusses directions for the future. We first show how past research has often failed to find cultural differences in emotion by focusing on what emotions people from different cultures can have hypothetically, rather than investigating the emotions they actually have in daily life. Taking a sociocultural perspective, we demonstrate that cultural differences in people's actual emotional practices not only exist but are also meaningful and predictable: Accumulating evidence suggests that people experience more of those emotions that fit their culture's relationship goals and values. We review evidence for two mechanisms that may be behind these cultural differences in emotion—different situational ecologies and different tendencies to interpret (or appraise) emotional events. Finally, we discuss a road map for what lies ahead in the psychological study of cultural differences in emotion. We propose that future research will benefit from a dynamic approach to culture and emotion—an approach that explicitly captures how cultural differences in emotion emerge as a function of people's ongoing social interactions and relationships.
Low neural exosomal levels of cellular survival factors in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Goetzl Edward J. , Boxer Adam , Schwartz Janice B. , Abner Erin L. , Petersen Ronald C. , Miller Bruce L. , Carlson Olga D. , Mustapic Maja , Kapogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTranscription factors that mediate neuronal defenses against diverse stresses were quantified in plasma neural‐derived exosomes of Alzheimer's disease or frontotemporal dementia patients and matched controls. Exosomal levels of low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 6, heat‐shock factor‐1, and repressor element 1‐silencing transcription factor all were significantly lower in Alzheimer's disease patients than controls (P < 0.0001). In frontotemporal dementia, the only significant difference was higher levels of repressor element 1‐silencing transcription factor than in controls. Exosomal transcription factors were diminished 2–10 years before clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Low exosomal levels of survival proteins may explain decreased neuronal resistance to Alzheimer's disease neurotoxic proteins.
An adaptive VSS control for remotely operated vehicles
Authors: Dyda Alexander A. , Oskin Dmitry A. , Longhi Sauro , Monteriù Andrea 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe paper is devoted to a new adaptive variable‐structure system (VSS) control algorithm and its applications in underwater robotics. The proposed approach is based on the usage of sliding mode parameter (SMP) in order to have adaptation in VSS. It is demonstrated that the extreme values of SMPs are directly associated with high efficiency of transient processes in VSS. The essence of the presented adaptation algorithm consists on the adjustment of switching surface parameters such that the SMPs move from the assigned desirable value to the extreme values, with the overall effect to accelerate transients. The effectiveness of the derived approach is proven by applying it for controlling a real remotely operated vehicle. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Oxidation of Amines to Aldehydes or Imines using Laccase‐Mediated Bio‐Oxidation
Authors: Galletti Paola , Funiciello Federica , Soldati Roberto , Giacomini Daria 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn efficient and practical chemo‐enzymatic aerobic oxidation in water of benzylamines to obtain aldehydes or imines is described. Laccase from Trametes versicolor was chosen as biocatalyst, and TEMPO (radical 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl) as mediator. A study on the pH dependence of the aqueous medium allowed us to realise a fine tuning on product selectivity. Under our optimized reaction conditions, the bio‐oxidation of a series of primary, secondary and cyclic amines has been achieved.magnified image
Opposite Enantioselectivity in the Bioreduction of (Z)‐β‐Aryl‐β‐cyanoacrylates Mediated by the Tryptophan 116 Mutants of Old Yellow Enzyme 1: Synthetic Approach to (R)‐ and (S)‐β‐Aryl‐γ‐lactams
Authors: Brenna Elisabetta , Crotti Michele , Gatti Francesco G. , Monti Daniela , Parmeggiani Fabio , Powell Robert W. , Santangelo Sara , Stewart Jon D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Trp 116 mutants of Old Yellow Enzyme 1 that catalyse the reduction of (Z)‐β‐aryl‐β‐cyanoacrylates give the opposite enantioselectivity according to the nature of the amino acid in position 116. Small amino acids (e.g., alanine) make the substrate bind to the enzyme′s active site in a “classical” orientation, affording the (S)‐enantiomer of the reduced product. When the size of the amino acid increases (e.g., leucine), a “flipped” binding mode is adopted by the substrate, which is converted into the corresponding (R)‐derivative. With bulky amino acids (e.g., tryptophan in the wild‐type) the reduction does not occur. The enantiomerically enriched cyanopropanoates thus prepared can be converted into the corresponding (S)‐ and (R)‐β‐aryl‐γ‐lactams, precursors of inhibitory neurotransmitters belonging to the class of γ‐aminobutyric acids, by a simple functional group interconversion in a sequential one‐pot procedure.magnified image
Mechanism‐Guided Engineering of ω‐Transaminase to Accelerate Reductive Amination of Ketones
Authors: Han Sang‐Woo , Park Eul‐Soo , Dong Joo‐Young , Shin Jong‐Shik 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAsymmetric reductive amination of ketones using ω‐transaminases (ω‐TAs) offers a promising alternative to the chemocatalytic synthesis of chiral amines. One fundamental challenge to the biocatalytic strategy is the very low enzyme activities for most ketones compared with native substrates (i.e., <1% relative to pyruvate). Here we have demonstrated that a single point mutation in the active site of the (S)‐selective ω‐TA from Ochrobactrum anthropi could induce a remarkable acceleration of the amination reaction without any loss in stereoselectivity and enzyme stability. Molecular modeling of quinonoid intermediates, alanine scanning mutagenesis and kinetic analysis revealed that the W58 residue acted as a steric barrier to binding and catalytic turnover of ketone substrates. Removal of the steric strain by W58L substitution, which was selected by partial saturation mutagenesis, led to dramatic activity improvements for structurally diverse ketones (e.g., 340‐fold increase in kcat/KM for acetophenone). The W58L mutant afforded an efficient synthesis of enantiopure amines (i.e., >99% ee) using isopropylamine as an amino donor.magnified image
Energetic 2,2‐Dimethyltriazanium Salts: A New Family of Nitrogen‐Rich Hydrazine Derivatives
Authors: Forquet Valérian , Sabaté Carlos Miró , Jacob Guy , Guelou Yann , Delalu Henri , Darwich Chaza 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAmination of 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine with NH2Cl or hydroxylamine‐O‐sulfonic acid yields 2,2‐dimethyltriazanium (DMTZ) chloride (3) and sulphate (4), respectively. The DMTZ cation was paired with the nitrogen‐rich anions 5‐aminotetrazolate (5), 5‐nitrotetrazolate (6), 5,5′‐azobistetrazolate (7), and azide (8), yielding a new family of energetic salts. The synthesis was carried out by metathesis reactions of salts 3 or 4 and a suitable silver or barium salt. To minimize the risks involved when using heavy metal salts, we used electrodialysis for the synthesis of azide 8, which avoids the use of highly sensitive species. The DMTZ derivatives were characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. Thermal stabilities were measured using DSC analysis and their sensitivities towards classical stimuli were determined using standard tests. Lastly, the relationship between hydrogen bonding in the solid state and sensitivity is discussed.
(R)‐α‐trifluoromethylalanine containing short peptide in the inhibition of amyloid peptide fibrillation
Authors: Botz Alexandra , Gasparik Vincent , Devillers Emmanuelle , Hoffmann Anais R. F. , Caillon Lucie , Chelain Evelyne , Lequin Olivier , Brigaud Thierry , Khemtemourian Lucie 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe extracellular deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils resulting from the aggregation of the amyloid‐β (Aβ) is a pathological feature of neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous small molecules have been reported to interfere with the process of Aβ aggregation. Compounds containing aromatic structures, hydrophobic amino acids and/or the α‐aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) as β‐sheet breaker elements have been reported to be effective inhibitors of Aβ aggregation. We synthesized two peptides, one containing the Aib amino acid and the other including its trifluoromethylated analog (R)‐α‐Trifluoromethylalanine ((R)‐Tfm‐Alanine) and we evaluated the impact of these peptides on Aβ amyloid formation. The compounds were tested by standard methods such as thioflavin‐T fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy but also by circular dichroism, liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and NMR saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments to further characterize the effect of the two molecules on Aβ structure and on the kinetics of depletion of monomeric, soluble Aβ. Our results demonstrate that the peptide containing Aib reduces the quantity of aggregates containing β‐sheet structure but slightly inhibits Aβ fibril formation, while the molecule including the trifluoromethyl (Tfm) group slows down the kinetics of Aβ fibril formation, delays the random coil to β‐sheet structure transition and induces a change in the oligomerization pathway. These results suggest that the hydrophobic Tfm group has a better affinity with Aβ than the methyl groups of the Aib and that this Tfm group is effective and important in preventing the Aβ aggregation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 601–610, 2015.