bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratio on Bt toxicity and fitness costs of resistance in Helicoverpa zea
Authors: Orpet Robert J. , Degain Ben A. , Unnithan Gopalan C. , Welch Kara L. , Tabashnik Bruce E. , Carrière Yves 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe ratio of dietary protein to carbohydrate (P:C) affects the feeding performance of insect herbivores and was recently shown to affect susceptibility to Bt toxins and fitness costs of resistance in Trichoplusia ni Hübner. Here, we used laboratory experiments with larvae reared on artificial diet to determine whether dietary P:C ratio affects responses to Bt toxin Cry1Ac and fitness costs of resistance in Helicoverpa zea Boddie (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). We tested a H. zea strain that was selected for resistance to Cry1Ac in the laboratory (GA‐R) and its field‐derived parent strain (GA), which was not selected in the laboratory. Relative to GA, GA‐R had 14‐fold resistance to Cry1Ac. The P:C ratio of diet did not affect susceptibility to Cry1Ac of GA‐R. However, against GA, Cry1Ac was least toxic on the diet with the lowest P:C ratio (35:65) and most toxic on the diet with the highest P:C ratio (90:10). Diets of all P:C ratios except 80:20 induced a fitness cost of lower pupal weight in GA‐R relative to GA for males, females, or both. Considered together with previous results, the new findings reported here indicate that the effects of P:C ratio on responses to Cry1Ac and fitness costs vary between species and between strains within species.
Diet quality mitigates intraspecific larval competition in Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Hardin Jesse A. , Kraus Dylan A. , Burrack Hannah J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe invasive frugivore Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) utilizes a wide range of host plants and damages important fruit crops, including blueberries, cherries, blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries. Field infestations of D. suzukii often exceed one larva per berry, suggesting that intraspecific competition may frequently occur. Because dietary resources are also likely to vary across the host range of D. suzukii, we designed a laboratory assay to measure larval performance across diets of varying quality: a standard artificial diet, a fruit‐based medium, a low‐protein, and a low‐carbohydrate diet. We manipulated egg density across these diets to provide increasing levels of competition and measured larval performance by observing survival to pupation and adulthood, and development times for both life stages. Although increasing density generally negatively impacted D. suzukii performance across diets, the magnitude of these impacts varied by diet type. Drosophila suzukii performance was generally similar in fruit and standard diets, although larval development was more rapid in fruit diets at lower densities. Even at low densities (5 or 10 eggs per arena), survival was reduced and development time increased in low‐protein diets relative to standard and fruit diets. At the two highest larval densities (20 or 40 eggs per arena), survivorship was reduced in low‐carbohydrate diets as compared to standard and fruit diets. There is evidence that larvae compensated in both low‐quality diets by extending development time, which could have consequences for population dynamics. Population models for use in D. suzukii management may need to account for both host nutritional quality and relative competition to accurately predict turnover and geographic expansion.
Theory of mind and social functioning in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Wang Wei‐Han , Shih Yang‐Hsin , Yu Hsiang‐Yu , Yen Der‐Jen , Lin Yung‐Yang , Kwan Shang‐Yeong , Chen Chien , Hua Mau‐Sun 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of theory of mind (ToM) and related potential risk factors, including cognitive functions, psychiatric status, and seizure‐related clinical variables, on social functioning in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).MethodsSixty‐seven patients with intractable TLE who were potential candidates for epilepsy surgery and 30 matched controls were included. All participants completed four tasks measuring different levels of ToM (False Belief, Faux Pas Recognition, Implication Stories, and Visual Cartoon), the Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised (SCL‐90‐R), the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale for Epilepsy (SOFSE), and neuropsychological tests.ResultsThe patients exhibited impairments in both basic and advanced ToM. Multiple regression analyses revealed the following: (1) the SOFSE total score was significantly predicted by the Faux Pas Recognition (FPR), Global Severity Index (GSI) score of the SCL‐90‐R, and Full‐Scale intelligence quotient (IQ) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), which accounted for 38%, 11%, and 8% of the variance, respectively; and (2) the FPR was a significant predictor of all SOFSE subscales, whereas the GSI score contributed substantially to the Interpersonal Relationships, Communication, and Occupation subscales of the SOFSE.SignificanceAdvanced ToM, measured by impaired faux pas recognition, is a relatively strong predictor of poor social functioning in surgical candidates for intractable TLE. Identifying ToM impairment may help plan nonpharmacologic treatment for improving social functions in patients with intractable TLE.
Nutritional support for the dysphagic adult horse
Authors: Pirie R. S. , Jago R. C. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe dysphagic horse will frequently require nutritional support due to a failure to ingest either sufficient or any feed at all to meet its daily energy and protein requirements. There are a variety of means by which this nutritional support can be provided, the choice of which is largely dependent on the cause of the dysphagia, anticipated duration of the dysphagia, metabolic demands of the underlying disease/disorder associated with the dysphagia, any financial restraints and facilities available. This manuscript provides an overview of the various means by which nutritional support can be provided and highlights some of the advantages and disadvantages of each which may be considered when choosing the most appropriate approach.
Quantifying above‐ and belowground biomass carbon loss with forest conversion in tropical lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia)
Authors: Kotowska Martyna M. , Leuschner Christoph , Triadiati Triadiati , Meriem Selis , Hertel Dietrich 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNatural forests in South‐East Asia have been extensively converted into other land‐use systems in the past decades and still show high deforestation rates. Historically, lowland forests have been converted into rubber forests, but more recently, the dominant conversion is into oil palm plantations. While it is expected that the large‐scale conversion has strong effects on the carbon cycle, detailed studies quantifying carbon pools and total net primary production (NPPtotal) in above‐ and belowground tree biomass in land‐use systems replacing rainforest (incl. oil palm plantations) are rare so far. We measured above‐ and belowground carbon pools in tree biomass together with NPPtotal in natural old‐growth forests, ‘jungle rubber’ agroforests under natural tree cover, and rubber and oil palm monocultures in Sumatra. In total, 32 stands (eight plot replicates per land‐use system) were studied in two different regions. Total tree biomass in the natural forest (mean: 384 Mg ha−1) was more than two times higher than in jungle rubber stands (147 Mg ha−1) and >four times higher than in monoculture rubber and oil palm plantations (78 and 50 Mg ha−1). NPPtotal was higher in the natural forest (24 Mg ha−1 yr−1) than in the rubber systems (20 and 15 Mg ha−1 yr−1), but was highest in the oil palm system (33 Mg ha−1 yr−1) due to very high fruit production (15–20 Mg ha−1 yr−1). NPPtotal was dominated in all systems by aboveground production, but belowground productivity was significantly higher in the natural forest and jungle rubber than in plantations. We conclude that conversion of natural lowland forest into different agricultural systems leads to a strong reduction not only in the biomass carbon pool (up to 166 Mg C ha−1) but also in carbon sequestration as carbon residence time (i.e. biomass‐C:NPP‐C) was 3–10 times higher in the natural forest than in rubber and oil palm plantations.
Consequences of agroindustrial sugarcane production to freshwater biodiversity
Authors: Schiesari Luis , Corrêa Décio T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe environmental benefits of a broad‐scale adoption of biofuels are critically contingent on what current land uses will be converted for feedstock expansion and how converted land will be managed. We assessed the consequences of land use and land management for the agroindustrial production of sugarcane to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of freshwater systems. We surveyed 16 environmental variables and algae, tadpoles, predatory invertebrates, and fish in lentic water bodies distributed across a gradient in land‐use intensity ranging from seasonal Atlantic Forest and cerrado to pastures to sugarcane plantations in SE Brazil, the most important sugarcane‐producing region in the world. The gradient in land‐use intensity was not only an axis of native habitat loss but also of ecosystem productivity, as indicated by increased conductivity, turbidity, and phytoplankton biomass. Land use had a clear signal on community and metacommunity organization, with converted land being impoverished in biodiversity relative to native habitats. However, frequency of occurrence, density, biomass, and alpha diversity of tadpoles and their predators were not affected by land use. These results suggest that sugarcane fields function as habitat to a fraction of aquatic biodiversity. Within sugarcane fields, larger wetlands surrounded by buffer strips as required by law appeared comparatively buffered against land management practices and housed a disproportional fraction of animal biomass, likely acting as sources of migrants to other water bodies in the landscape. Conversion of pastures to sugarcane fields, suggested as a strategy to reduce competition for land with food production and biodiversity conservation, does not appear to have strong consequences to lentic freshwater systems, provided that wetlands and surrounding buffer strips are preserved. These observations emphasize the importance of enforcement of legislation regulating land use (i.e. the ‘Forest Code’) and certification systems verifying compliance and rewarding the voluntary adoption of better land management practices.
Epidemiological study of onychomycosis in older adults with onychodystrophy
Authors: Cozzani Emanuele , Agnoletti Arianna Fay , Speziari Stefania , Schiavetti Irene , Zotti Mirca , Persi Agostino , Drago Francesco , Parodi Aurora 
Published: May 2015

AimTo identify the prevalence of onychomycosis and epidemiological features in older adults (>65%) with toenail onychodystrophy. In particular, the aim of the study was to analyze risk factors/protective factors, clinical manifestations, comorbidities and etiological agents.MethodsA prospective study was carried out from February 2012 to May 2012 at San Martino‐IST of Genoa, Italy. The inclusion criteria for enrolment were the presence of onychodystrophy of one or more toenails and age >65 years. The exclusion criteria were systemic/topical antifungal treatments in the previous 6 months, drilling of the nail plate in the previous 6 months and a specialist's diagnosis or suspicion of onychomycosis. A database was created for the patients' anamnesis, the clinics and testing results. Several statistical analyses were carried out.ResultsA total of 100 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 35 cases had positive results, and the etiological agent was isolable in 14 cases. The most represented was Trichophyton mentagrophytes followed by Trichophyton rubrum and others. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the significant roles of sex and diabetes as risk factors, and the use of statins as a protective factor.ConclusionsOnychomycosis has a high prevalence in older adults with onychodystrophy. It is important not to overlook onychodystrophy, and to carry out laboratory testing to exclude a fungal infection. In fact, as older patients often cannot undergo systemic antifungal therapies, it is fundamental to treat them early and avoid the spread of infection. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 486‐491.
Preparing patients at high risk of falls for discharge home after rehabilitation: Do we meet the guidelines?
Authors: Said Catherine M , Batchelor Frances , Shaw Kathryn , Blennerhassett Jannette 
Published: May 2015

AimTo determine whether rehabilitation inpatients at high risk of falls receive adequate falls risk assessment, management and handover on discharge as per Australian Best Practice Guidelines.MethodsMedical records of 121 people who received inpatient rehabilitation were retrospectively screened; records of 50 people discharged home and at high falls risk (fall in last 12 months, fall preceding/during admission) were audited. Data extracted included falls risk identification during rehabilitation and in discharge documentation; falls risk factors assessed; and fall prevention strategies implemented.ResultsDischarge documentation correctly identified falls risk for just nine of the 50 people. Patients at high falls risk had a median of 8.0 (interquartile range 6–10) of 17 risk factors. There was limited evidence of assessment for osteoporosis (n = 8), footwear (n = 4) and visual assessment in the previous 2 years (n = 1). Patients received a median of 6.5 (interquartile range 5–9) out of 16 possible strategies. Common strategies were mobility (n = 48), strength (n = 44) and Personal Activity of Daily Living training (n = 43). For 12 risk factors, if the factor was present, there was evidence of a strategy in more than 80% of records.ConclusionsThere was little evidence that people at high risk of falls received systematic falls risk assessment during rehabilitation. When a risk was identified, generally a strategy was implemented. However, failure to assess some risk factors might have limited fall prevention strategies offered. Failure to adequately address risks during hospitalization could contribute to falls post‐discharge. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 570–576.
Coexisting congenital dysfibrinogenemia with a novel mutation in fibrinogen γ chain (γ322 Phe→Ile, Fibrinogen Beijing) and haemophilia B in a family
Authors: Hua B. , Li K. , Lee A. , Poon M.‐C. , Zhao Y. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionBoth congenital dysfibrinogenemia and haemophilia B (HB) are rare coagulopathies caused by mutations within the fibrinogen and F9 genes respectively.AimTo investigate the pathogenesis of combined dysfibrinogenemia with HB in a family.MethodsCoagulation assays, factor IX (FIX) activity (one‐stage method), fibrinogen activity (Clauss method), antigen (immunoturbidimetry), fibrinogen polymerization and fibrinolysis velocity were measured. The sequences of fibrinogen genes and F9 were amplified by PCR and analysed by sequencing.ResultsThe proband, a 16‐year‐old boy with HB (FIX 2 IU dL−1), also had persistently low Clauss fibrinogen level (0.64–0.65 g L−1) with normal antigen level (2.23 g L−1). The mother had a FIX 45 IU dL−1 and similarly discrepant low Clauss fibrinogen (0.79 g L−1) to antigen levels (2.23 g L−1). Thrombin time for both were either slightly prolonged or at boundary value. Genetic analysis of the proband and the mother identified similar mutations in the FGG gene (heterozygous c.1042T>A resulting in p.Phe348Ile or γPhe322Ile in the mature protein) and in the F9 gene (c.1243del p.His415Metfs*11 and c.1245T>A p.His415Gln). The father had no fibrinogen or F9 gene mutations. Plasma fibrinogen polymerization was delayed, but fibrinolysis velocity was normal in the proband and his mother.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report of a family with combined novel dysfibrinogen (Fibrinogen Beijing) and HB with bleeding manifestations.
The use of short‐term central venous catheters for optimizing continuous infusion of coagulation factor concentrate in haemophilia patients undergoing major surgical procedures
Authors: Boban A. , Lambert C. , Hermans C. 
Published: May 2015

IntroductionContinuous infusion (CI) of clotting factors has facilitated surgical procedures and intensive replacement therapy in haemophilia patients. This procedure could, however, be further optimized by using a short‐term central venous catheter (CVCs) instead of via peripheral venous access.AimIn this paper, we present our results on using a short‐term CVC in haemophilia patients during major surgical operations.MethodsIn total, 40 patients with haemophilia A or B (37 and 3, respectively), aged 21–81 years, underwent 67 surgeries with 65 CVCs. Patients requiring intensive treatment lasting over 5 days had the indications for CVC placement. The catheters were placed by experienced anaesthesiologists in the operating theatre under general anaesthesia and following activated partial thromboplastin time correction.ResultsNo interruption of CI was observed and only one catheter had to be removed prematurely due to a suspected infection. There were no signs found for prosthesis or wound infection, nor was there any thrombosis documented.ConclusionOur study produced encouraging results regarding the use of short‐term CVCs in haemophilia patients. Even though our patient sample was small, the data corroborates short‐term CVCs to be safe and convenient for factor concentrate delivery in CI during major surgical operations.
Comparison between uroflowmetry and sonouroflowmetry in recording of urinary flow in healthy men
Authors: Krhut Jan , Gärtner Marcel , Sýkora Radek , Hurtík Petr , Burda Michal , Luňáček Libor , Zvarová Katarína , Zvara Peter 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of sonouroflowmetry in recording urinary flow parameters and voided volume.MethodsA total of 25 healthy male volunteers (age 18–63 years) were included in the study. All participants were asked to carry out uroflowmetry synchronous with recording of the sound generated by the urine stream hitting the water level in the urine collection receptacle, using a dedicated cell phone. From 188 recordings, 34 were excluded, because of voided volume <150 mL or technical problems during recording. Sonouroflowmetry recording was visualized in a form of a trace, representing sound intensity over time. Subsequently, the matching datasets of uroflowmetry and sonouroflowmetry were compared with respect to flow time, voided volume, maximum flow rate and average flow rate. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare parameters recorded by uroflowmetry with those calculated based on sonouroflowmetry recordings.ResultsThe flow pattern recorded by sonouroflowmetry showed a good correlation with the uroflowmetry trace. A strong correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.87) was documented between uroflowmetry‐recorded flow time and duration of the sound signal recorded with sonouroflowmetry. A moderate correlation was observed in voided volume (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.68) and average flow rate (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.57). A weak correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.38) between maximum flow rate recorded using uroflowmetry and sonouroflowmetry‐recorded peak sound intensity was documented.ConclusionsThe present study shows that the basic concept utilizing sound analysis for estimation of urinary flow parameters and voided volume is valid. However, further development of this technology and standardization of recording algorithm are required.
Viral and atypical bacterial aetiologies of infection in hospitalised patients admitted with clinical suspicion of influenza in Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia
Authors: Wertheim Heiman F. L. , Nadjm Behzad , Thomas Sherine , Agustiningsih  , Malik Suhud , Nguyen Diep Ngoc Thi , Vu Dung Viet Tien , Van Nguyen Kinh , Van Nguyen Chau Vinh , Nguyen Liem Thanh , Tran Sinh Thi , Phung Thuy Bich Thi , Nguyen Trung Vu , Hien Tran Tinh , Nguyen Uyen Hanh , Taylor Walter , Truong Khanh Huu , Ha Tuan Manh , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Farrar Jeremy , Wolbers Marcel , de Jong Menno D. , van Doorn H. Rogier , Puthavathana Pilaipan 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundInfluenza constitutes a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is limited information about the aetiology of infection presenting clinically as influenza in hospitalised adults and children in South‐East Asia. Such data are important for future management of respiratory infections.ObjectivesTo describe the aetiology of infection presenting clinically as influenza in those hospitalised in South‐East Asia.MethodsRespiratory specimens archived from July 2008 to June 2009 from patients hospitalised with suspected influenza from Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam were tested for respiratory viruses and atypical bacteria by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA total of 1222 patients’ samples were tested. Of 1222, 776 patients (63·5%) were under the age of 5. Viruses detected included rhinoviruses in 229 of 1222 patients (18·7%), bocaviruses in 200 (16·4%), respiratory syncytial viruses in 144 (11·8%), parainfluenza viruses in 140 (11·5%; PIV1: 32; PIV2: 12; PIV3: 71; PIV4: 25), adenovirus in 102 (8·4%), influenza viruses in 93 (7·6%; influenza A: 77; influenza B: 16) and coronaviruses in 23 (1·8%; OC43: 14; E229: 9). Bacterial pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 33, 2·7%), Chlamydophila psittaci (n = 2), C. pneumoniae (n = 1), Bordetella pertussis (n = 1) and Legionella pneumophila (n = 2). Overall, in‐hospital case fatality rate was 29 of 1222 (2·4%).ConclusionRespiratory viruses were the most commonly detected pathogens in patients hospitalised with a clinical suspicion of influenza. Rhinovirus was the most frequently detected virus, and M. pneumoniae, the most common atypical bacterium. The low number of detected influenza viruses demonstrates a low benefit for empirical oseltamivir therapy, unless during an influenza outbreak.