bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of 3-Dimensional Prostate Cancer Maps: Methodology and Clinical and Research Implications
Authors: Malone Shawn Christopher , Haridass Anoop , Nyiri Balasz , Croke Jennifer , Malone Colin , Breau Rodney H. , Morash Christopher , Avruch Leonard , Daneshmand Manijeh , Malone Kyle , Delatour Nicolas Roustan , Ahmed Ileyaz , Belanger Eric 
Published: May 2014

Context.— The creation of 3-dimensional prostate cancer maps could assist with surgical intervention, radiotherapy treatment planning and for correlative pathology-imaging research.
Objectives.— To develop methodology for creating detailed, 3-dimensional, prostate cancer maps (3DPCM) of tumor location, extra prostatic extension sites, and positive margins and to assess the adequacy of current clinical target volumes for postoperative radiotherapy to the prostate using 3DPCM coregistered with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging.
Design.— Parallel slices of prostatectomy specimens were created with ProCUT, and 2-dimensional cancer maps were generated as line diagrams after microscopic examination of each slice. The 2-dimensional cancer maps were aligned and stacked to create a 3DPCM, which was coregistered with the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan. The map was exported to the radiotherapy planning system and was used to determine the areas at greater risk, which were then compared against the current Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines for contouring postoperative clinical target volumes to assess the adequacy of coverage.
Results.— Twenty-eight patients with a mean age of 66 years (range, 52–73) underwent radical prostatectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. Seventeen patients (61%) received adjuvant radiotherapy for pT3 disease and/or positive margins, and the rest underwent salvage radiotherapy. Thirty-nine percent (11 of 28) of the patients had Gleason scores of 8 or 9. The contours based on the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group guidelines for postoperative radiotherapy resulted in inadequate coverage of extraprostatic extensions in 79% (22 of 28) and positive margins in 64% (18 of 28) of the cases.
Conclusions.— We have developed a methodology for creation of 3DPCM. Modification of the radiotherapy contours, based on the 3DPCM coregistered with pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging, covers the areas at high risk of recurrence. The 3DPCM could become an important clinical and research tool for urologists, pathologists, radiologists, and oncologists.
The Molecular Genetics of Inflammatory, Autoimmune, and Infectious Diseases of the Sinonasal Tract: A Review
Authors: Montone Kathleen T. 
Published: May 2014

Context.— The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory disease processes that are often multifactorial in their etiology but commonly have a molecular genetic component.
Objective.— To review the molecular genetics of a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory diseases of the sinonasal tract.
Data Sources.— Inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract can be divided into 3 main categories: (1) chronic rhinosinusitis, (2) infectious diseases, and (3) autoimmune diseases/vasculitides. The molecular diagnosis and pathways of a variety of these inflammatory lesions are currently being elucidated and will shed light on disease pathogenesis and treatment.
Conclusions.— The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by inflammatory lesions that arise through complex interactions of environmental, infectious, and genetic factors. Because these lesions are all inflammatory in nature, the molecular pathology surrounding them is most commonly due to upregulation and down-regulation of genes that affect inflammatory responses and immune regulation.
β-Globin Gene Sequencing of Hemoglobin Austin Revises the Historically Reported Electrophoretic Migration Pattern
Authors: Racsa Lori D. , Luu Hung S. , Park Jason Y. , Mitui Midori , Timmons Charles F. 
Published: May 2014

Context.—Hemoglobin (Hb) Austin was defined in 1977, using amino acid sequencing of samples from 3 unrelated Mexican-Americans, as a substitution of serine for arginine at position 40 of the β-globin chain (Arg40Ser). Its electrophoretic migration on both cellulose acetate (pH 8.4) and citrate agar (pH 6.2) was reported between Hb F and Hb A, and this description persists in reference literature.
Objectives.—To review the clinical features and redefine the diagnostic characteristics of Hb Austin.
Design.—Eight samples from 6 unrelated individuals and 2 siblings, all with Hispanic surnames, were submitted for abnormal Hb identification between June 2010 and September 2011. High-performance liquid chromatography, isoelectric focusing (IEF), citrate agar electrophoresis, and bidirectional DNA sequencing of the entire β-globin gene were performed.
Results.—DNA sequencing confirmed all 8 individuals to be heterozygous for Hb Austin (Arg40Ser). Retention time on high-performance liquid chromatography and migration on citrate agar electrophoresis were consistent with that identification. Migration on IEF, however, was not between Hb F and Hb A, as predicted from the report of cellulose acetate electrophoresis. By IEF, Hb Austin migrated anodal to (“faster than”) Hb A.
Conclusions.—Hemoglobin Austin (Arg40Ser) appears on IEF as a “fast,” anodally migrating, Hb variant, just as would be expected from its amino acid substitution. The cited historic report is, at best, not applicable to IEF and is probably erroneous. Our observation of 8 cases in 16 months suggests that this variant may be relatively common in some Hispanic populations, making its recognition important. Furthermore, gene sequencing is proving itself a powerful and reliable tool for definitive identification of Hb variants.
Touch Preparations for the Intraoperative Evaluation of Sentinel Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Therapy Have High False-Negative Rates in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Elliott Robin M. , Shenk Robert R. , Thompson Cheryl L. , Gilmore Hannah L. 
Published: May 2014

Context.— The use of a touch preparation for intraoperative sentinel lymph node diagnosis has become a preferred method of many pathologists because of its reported high sensitivity and rapid turnaround time. However, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy many lymph nodes have significant treatment-related changes that may affect the diagnostic accuracy of the intraoperative evaluation.
Objective.— To determine the accuracy of touch preparation for the intraoperative diagnosis of metastatic breast carcinoma in the neoadjuvant setting.
Design.— We reviewed retrospectively the results of intraoperative evaluations for 148 different sentinel lymph nodes from 63 patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer at our institution. The intraoperative touch preparation results were compared with the final pathology reports in conjunction with relevant clinical data.
Results.— Use of touch preparation for the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes intraoperatively after neoadjuvant therapy was associated with a low sensitivity of 38.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 24.4–54.5) but high specificity of 100% (95% CI, 96.5–100). There was no difference in sensitivity rates between cytopathologists and noncytopathologists in this cohort (P = .40). Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma and those who had a clinically positive axilla before the initiation of neoadjuvant therapy were the most likely to have a false-negative result at surgery.
Conclusions.— Intraoperative touch preparations should not be used alone for the evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in the setting of neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer because of low overall sensitivity.
Concise Review: New Frontiers in MicroRNA-Based Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Frith Jessica E. , Porrello Enzo R. , Cooper-White Justin J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In recent years, the role of miRNAs in post-transcriptional gene regulation has come to the fore with strong evidence to indicate an important role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of a wide range of fundamental biological processes. Notably, this includes the regulation of both endogenous tissue repair mechanisms and the growth and differentiation of stem cells (both adult and pluripotent). As a result, manipulation of miRNA signaling holds great promise for regenerative medicine, which aims to harness either endogenous or implanted cells to promote tissue repair. However, to fully realize this potential, it will be necessary to combine advances in our biological understanding with new technologies that allow precise spatiotemporal modulation of specific miRNA candidates. In this review, we highlight the role of miRNAs in tissue regeneration, discuss key challenges in translating this knowledge to the clinic, and outline recent technological advances that aim to address these issues. By combining a comprehensive knowledge of miRNA biology with cutting-edge delivery technologies, it is clear that miRNAs hold significant promise for tissue regenerative therapies in the future.
Maximizing E-Data Collection
Authors: Sharp Kayeleigh , Litschi Melissa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhile tablet devices are becoming commonplace in archaeological research, the transfer of data for analysis is a matter of critical concern. As geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly incorporated into our archaeological research, there is a need not only to streamline data acquisition, but also to collect data that can be used in conjunction with high-level spatial analytical tools, such as those available in ESRI’s ArcGIS. During a short lab season, various methods of paper-free data collection and cross-platform transfer using these user-friendly devices were tested. It was found that both iPad and Android-based systems present great advantages in terms of portability and electronic data acquisition. However, file compatibility and transfer of data across multiple platforms present a number of important drawbacks. The present case study focuses on the development of a data collection protocol implemented by the Proyecto de Investigación Arqueológica Zaña Valley (PIAZ), Peru, that moves beyond these limitations. The ultimate incorporation of data collected using tablet devices demonstrates the potential for this tool in archaeological research, along with the pitfalls for projects that rely heavily on GIS. Significant findings regarding the advantages, as well as the limitations, of e-data collection, transfer, and storage are discussed.
Assessing Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Complex Environments
Authors: Weber Jennifer , Powis Terry G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe majority of terrestrial scanning projects in archaeology have focused on heritage documentation, preservation, and the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of prominent sites and objects. While these are very important archaeological foci, not many have used terrestrial scanning methods for prospection and feature analysis, similar to the way many have employed airborne LiDAR. While airborne LiDAR scanning is able to situate and analyze archaeological sites on an expansive scale, the ground-based method also captures and defines any landscape anomalies or depressions from cultural features that have remained invisible to the naked eye due to environmental restrictions. In an attempt to test this recording method, we set out to paint a non-invasive, 3D digitized picture of the ancient Maya site of Pacbitun, Belize, using terrestrial scanning to distinctly detail Pacbitun’s structures, plazas, causeways, and karst features. This paper details the process through which 3D terrestrial scanning was executed at Pacbitun and three associated peripheral caves during the 2012 and 2013 field seasons. We discuss the potential laser scanning has for visual analysis in archaeology and evaluate application difficulties encountered in the field, as well as current data interpretation issues.
Teaching Heritage Business and Marketing
Authors: López Varela Sandra L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article discusses the effectiveness of Mexico’s national heritage business model within a context of economic growth, infrastructure development, and structural shifts that pose risks to the preservation of heritage resources. To meet these challenges, the future heritage professional requires a training profile that most archaeology departments in Mexico are unable to accommodate. Recognizing the importance of cultural resources management (CRM) and heritage business and marketing skills, the BA program in Development and Intercultural Management, offered at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, is exploring new ways to create business models to finance heritage preservation. In an emergent economy, many students lack the opportunity to pursue higher education degrees, joining the labor market at a very early stage in their careers, without much knowledge of how to make heritage a lever for economic growth. Thus, a goal of this article is to encourage the early teaching of business and marketing in programs around the world by demonstrating how such training opportunities are opening up unimaginable career avenues for the future heritage professional in Mexico.
Comment (ne pas) perdre une décennie
Authors: Frieden Jeffry 
Published: May 2014

La reprise au sortir de la Grande Récession a été semée d’embûches. Cette reprise économique diffère des reprises cycliques précédentes. La raison en est simple : nous sommes en pleine crise de la dette. Ces crises présentent des particularités économiques et politiques. Sur le plan politique, elles entraînent des conflits sur la répartition du fardeau de l’ajustement, qui peuvent retarder sensiblement l’adoption des mesures nécessaires pour atténuer leurs effets – ce qui aggrave les problèmes de tout le monde. La théorie et l’histoire mettent en évidence divers facteurs qui favorisent ce type de conflit contre-productif et ces retards ; elles proposent également des moyens pour limiter ces conflits et leurs coûts sociaux.
De l’insuffisance de la victoire militaire
Authors: Schu Adrien 
Published: May 2014

Le « modèle afghan » de la guerre, inauguré lors de la guerre d’Afghanistan (2001) et ravivé lors du conflit en Libye (2011), se caractérise par le recours à l’arme aérienne et aux forces spéciales en appui à des forces locales. Il permet de mener des interventions militaires à l’étranger sans avoir à déployer de troupes conventionnelles, ce qui réduit sensiblement les coûts financier et humain de la guerre. Qui plus est, son efficacité militaire a été démontrée contre les régimes des talibans et de Kadhafi, au point d’en faire un modèle de choix pour les futures interventions occidentales. Toutefois, sur le plan politique, le bilan du modèle afghan est plus nuancé : en Afghanistan et en Libye, celui-ci a surtout permis le renforcement excessif de milices qui participent depuis à l’instabilité qui règne dans ces deux pays.
Les écueils de la traduction d’une langue littéraire traversée par l’écriture*
Authors: Altimir Mercè 
Published: May 2014

Inspirée par les références de Jacques Lacan à la langue japonaise tout au long du Séminaire XVIII : D’un discours qui ne serait du semblant (1970-1971), nous avons tenté d’articuler certaines de ses idées relatives à la nature de la langue et de l’écriture avec notre expérience de la traduction d’un récit en japonais : Takekurabe (1895-1896) d’Ichiyô Higuchi. Au début des années 70, Lacan s’éloigne du modèle structural, caractéristique des premières années de son enseignement, et propose les notions de lettre et d’écrit. La référence largement privilégiée au signifiant est devenue insuffisante pour rendre compte de l’expérience de la psychanalyse et les nouvelles références à la littéralité visent à éviter au lecteur le piège de l’interprétation sans nuances, trop facile ou évidente. Pour le psychanalyste français, la littéralité – même quand il s’agit de la langue commune – devient la qualité la plus remarquable de la dimension du langage propre à l’homme. La langue japonaise, dans l’usage très particulier qu’elle fait de l’écriture chinoise, lui sert dans sa réflexion sur l’importance de l’écrit comme agent perturbateur de l’immédiateté trompeuse, fournie par la compréhension. L’écriture introduit alors la possibilité d’analyser la langue du texte au-delà de sa signification superficielle.
L’exportation du modèle terminologique québécois en Catalogne
Authors: Quirion Jean , Freixa Judit 
Published: May 2014

Dans les ensembles espagnol et canadien, la Catalogne et le Québec partagent plusieurs caractéristiques. Bénéficiant tous deux de pouvoirs politiques, économiques et linguistiques, ils ont mis à profit ces derniers pour les travaux d’aménagement linguistique et terminologique sur leurs territoires respectifs. En outre, les sociétés catalane et québécoise ont en commun que leur langue nationale est minoritaire au sein du pays, ce qui a engendré au fil du temps la mise en place de multiples mesures pour la préserver et la dynamiser. Le présent article retrace la forme qu’ont pris les nombreux échanges entre le Québec et la Catalogne depuis le milieu des années 1970, moment-clé pour l’affirmation linguistique des deux peuples. Les diverses facettes de l’apport du Québec à la Catalogne en ce qui touche l’aménagement linguistique sont plus particulièrement examinées. Ces échanges ont inspiré les Catalans dans la création de leur politique d’éducation et de normalisation terminologique, notamment ; citons entre autres l’Office québécois de la langue française qui trouve en Termcat un équivalent catalan depuis maintenant 25 ans. Également, en plus des idées, les autres formes des échanges québécois-catalans sont décrites. Un bilan des échanges Québec-Catalogne est ensuite dressé, notamment pour déterminer globalement l’impact qu’aura eu l’influence québécoise dans la discipline. La conclusion souligne que, depuis nombre d’années, la Catalogne rayonne fortement dans le domaine terminologique : elle est devenue elle-même un important lieu de diffusion vers d’autres communautés et constitue à son tour une source d’inspiration pour le Québec.
Exames laboratoriais complementares indicados no apoio ao diagnóstico do linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB)
Authors: Guilherme Roberta Dos Santos , Caputto Luciana Zambeli , Fonseca Alexandre Luiz Affonso , Pereira Juliana , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso 
Published: May 2014

O linfoma difuso de grandes células B (LDGCB) é um linfoma agressivo, heterogêneo, mas potencialmente curável com quimioterapia multiagente; compreende cerca de 30 a 40% dos linfomas não Hodgkin; ocorre principalmente nos indivíduos com mais de 70 anos e raramente em crianças. O LDGCB pode surgir como um evento de novo ou representar uma progressão ou transformação de um linfoma menos agressivo. O International Prognostica Index (IPI) é utilizado como um fator preditivo das conseqüências clínicas para o paciente, porém, isolado não é capaz de prever com certeza o resultado de um tratamento para pacientes individuais, então se faz necessária a utilização de outros exames laboratoriais, ditos especiais para melhor diagnóstico e prognóstico dessas neoplasias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os principais exames laboratoriais complementares no apoio ao diagnóstico do LDGCB, bem como os avanços dessas análises, destacando seus princípios, vantagens e desvantagens na rotina laboratorial. O anátomo-patológico, a citogenética clássica, a citogenética molecular, as técnicas de biologia molecular, a imunohistoquímica e a imunofenotipagem são os exames aplicados no diagnóstico desta patologia. O exame de anatomia patológica pode ser utilizado como de referência, pois delineia o diagnóstico do paciente e auxilia na escolha dos exames complementares. A marcação por imunohistoquímica realiza uma avaliação direta das células neoplásicas, pois pode identificar os subtipos centro germinativo (GC) e não GC dos LDGCBs e predizer a sobrevivência com uma expressão similar a de expressão de genes por microarrays, considerada a principal técnica de biologia molecular empregada no estudo dos LDGCB. A citogenética clássica permite observar outros marcadores além dos específicos para o LDGCB, como as translocações t (14;18) e t (11;18). A imunofenotipagem (citometria de fluxo) permite a caracterização do estágio de maturação das células malignas, contribuindo para a definição da linhagem celular. Contudo, a técnica de FISH além de identificar marcadores genéticos do LDGCB, permitir que esta análise seja feita em amostras acondicionadas em parafina e em células não viáveis.
Improving process representation in conceptual hydrological model calibration using climate simulations
Authors: Minville Marie , Cartier Dominique , Guay Catherine , Leclaire Louis‐Alexandre , Audet Charles , Le Digabel Sébastien , Merleau James 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDifferent sets of calibrated model parameters can yield divergent hydrological simulations which in turn can lead to different operational decisions or scientific conclusions. In order to obtain reliable hydrological results, proper calibration is therefore fundamental. This article proposes a new calibration approach for conceptual hydrological models based on the paradigm that hydrological process representation, along with the reproduction of observed streamflows, need to be taken into account when assessing the performance of a hydrological model. Several studies have shown that complementary data can be used to improve hydrological process representation and make hydrological modeling more robust. In the current study, the process of interest is actual evapotranspiration (AET). In order to obtain a more realistic representation of AET, meteorological variables and the AET mean annual cycle simulated by a regional climate model (RCM) driven by reanalysis are used to impose constraints during the optimization procedure. This calibration strategy is compared to a second strategy which relies on AET derived from reference data and to the classical approach based solely on the reproduction of observed discharges. The different methodologies are applied to calibrate the lumped conceptual model HSAMI, used operationally at Hydro‐Québec, for six Canadian snow‐dominated basins with various hydrometeorological and physiographical characteristics.
Spatiotemporal relations between water budget components and soil water content in a forested tributary catchment
Authors: Graf Alexander , Bogena Heye R. , Drüe Clemens , Hardelauf Horst , Pütz Thomas , Heinemann Günther , Vereecken Harry 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe examined 3 years of measured daily values of all major water budget components (precipitation P, potential evapotranspiration PET, actual evapotranspiration ET, and runoff R) and volumetric soil water content θ of a small, forested catchment located in the west of Germany. The spatial distribution of θ was determined from a wireless sensor network of 109 points with 3 measurement depths each; ET was calculated from eddy‐covariance tower measurements. The water budget was dominantly energy limited, with ET amounting to approximately 90% of PET, and a runoff ratio R/P of 56%. P, ET, and R closed the long‐term water budget with a residual of 2% of precipitation. On the daily time scale, the residual of the water budget was larger than on the annual time scale, and explained to a moderate extent by θ (R2 = 0.40). Wavelet analysis revealed subweekly time scales, presumably dominated by unaccounted fast‐turnover storage terms such as interception, as a major source of uncertainty in water balance closure. At weekly resolution, soil water content explained more than half (R2 = 0.62) of the residual. By means of combined empirical orthogonal function and cluster analysis, two slightly different spatial patterns of θ could be identified that were associated with mean θ values below and above 0.35 cm3/cm3, respectively. The timing of these patterns as well as the varying coherence between PET, ET, and soil water content responded to changes in water availability, including a moderate response to the European drought in spring 2011.