bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyhedral AST Generation Is More Than Scanning Polyhedra
Authors: Grosser Tobias , Verdoolaege Sven , Cohen Albert 
Published: July 2015

Abstract mathematical representations such as integer polyhedra have been shown to be useful to precisely analyze computational kernels and to express complex loop transformations. Such transformations rely on abstract syntax tree (AST) generators to convert the mathematical representation back to an imperative program. Such generic AST generators avoid the need to resort to transformation-specific code generators, which may be very costly or technically difficult to develop as transformations become more complex. Existing AST generators have proven their effectiveness, but they hit limitations in more complex scenarios. Specifically, (1) they do not support or may fail to generate control flow for complex transformations using piecewise schedules or mappings involving modulo arithmetic; (2) they offer limited support for the specialization of the generated code exposing compact, straightline, vectorizable kernels with high arithmetic intensity necessary to exploit the peak performance of modern hardware; (3) they offer no support for memory layout transformations; and (4) they provide insufficient control over the AST generation strategy, preventing their application to complex domain-specific optimizations.
We present a new AST generation approach that extends classical polyhedral scanning to the full generality of Presburger arithmetic, including existentially quantified variables and piecewise schedules, and introduce new optimizations for the detection of components and shifted strides. Not limiting ourselves to control flow generation, we expose functionality to generate AST expressions from arbitrary piecewise quasi-affine expressions, which enables the use of our AST generator for data-layout transformations. We complement this with support for specialization by polyhedral unrolling, user-directed versioning, and specialization of AST expressions according to the location at which they are generated, and we complete this work with fine-grained user control over the AST generation strategies used. Using this generalized idea of AST generation, we present how to implement complex domain-specific transformations without the need to write specialized code generators, but instead relying on a generic AST generator parametrized to a specific problem domain.
Aberrant Expression of MHC Class II in Melanoma Attracts Inflammatory Tumor-Specific CD4+ T- Cells, Which Dampen CD8+ T-cell Antitumor Reactivity
Authors: Donia Marco , Andersen Rikke , Kjeldsen Julie W. , Fagone Paolo , Munir Shamaila , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Andersen Mads Hald , thor Straten Per , Svane Inge Marie 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the absence of a local inflammatory response, expression of MHC class II molecules is restricted mainly to hematopoietic cells and thymus epithelium. However, certain tumors, such as melanoma, may acquire aberrant constitutive expression of MHC class II. In a set of primary melanoma cell populations and correspondingly expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), we show how MHC class II expression on melanoma cells associates with strong MHC class II–restricted CD4+ T-cell responses that are specific for tumors. Notably, we found that tumor-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were dominated by TNF production. TNF reduced CD8+ T-cell activation in IFNγ-rich environments resembling a tumor site. Conversely, direct CD4+ T-cell responses had no influence on either the proliferation or viability of melanoma cells. Taken together, our results illustrate a novel immune escape mechanism that can be activated by aberrant expression of MHC class II molecules, which by attracting tumor-specific CD4+ T cells elicit a local inflammatory response dominated by TNF that, in turn, inhibits cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell responses Cancer Res; 75(18); 3747–59. ©2015 AACR.
Serum Calcium and Serum Albumin Are Biomarkers That Can Discriminate Malignant from Benign Pelvic Masses
Authors: Kelly Michael G. , Winkler Stuart S. , Lentz Samuel S. , Berliner Steve H. , Swain Melissa F. , Skinner Halcyon G. , Schwartz Gary G. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Background: Biomarkers that aid in the differential diagnosis of malignant pelvic masses from benign ones prior to surgery are needed in order to triage women with malignant masses to appropriate specialist care. Because high albumin-adjusted serum calcium predicted ovarian cancer among women without evidence of disease, we hypothesized that it might predict cancer among women with pelvic masses that were evident radiographically.
Methods: We studied a cohort of 514 women with pelvic masses who underwent resection at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center from July 2009 through June 2013. We divided patients into a “training” set, to identify associations in the data, and a “testing” set, to confirm them. Data were obtained from medical records. A best fit model was selected using the Akaike Information Criterion.
Results: Albumin-adjusted serum calcium was significantly higher in women with malignant versus benign masses (P = 0.0004). High normocalcemia, i.e., an albumin-adjusted serum calcium ≥ 10 mg/dL, occurred in 53% of women with malignant tumors versus 12% of benign tumors. High normocalcemia was associated with an approximately 14-fold increased risk of malignancy. The best fit model (Overa) included albumin, calcium, and nonlinear terms. Overa achieved an area under the curve of 0.83 with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 83%, a positive predictive value of 71% and a negative predictive value of 85%.
Conclusions: A model using serum calcium and serum albumin to predict malignancy in women with pelvic masses has high sensitivity and is economical.
Impact: Our model can help triage women with ovarian cancer to appropriate surgical care. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1593–8. ©2015 AACR.
Tumor-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Oxaliplatin Resistance
Authors: Martinez-Balibrea Eva , Martínez-Cardús Anna , Ginés Alba , Ruiz de Porras Vicenç , Moutinho Catia , Layos Laura , Manzano José Luis , Bugés Cristina , Bystrup Sara , Esteller Manel , Abad Albert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOxaliplatin was the first platinum drug with proven activity against colorectal tumors, becoming a standard in the management of this malignancy. It is also considered for the treatment of pancreatic and gastric cancers. However, a major reason for treatment failure still is the existence of tumor intrinsic or acquired resistance. Consequently, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the appearance of this phenomenon to find ways of circumventing it and to improve and optimize treatments. This review will be focused on recent discoveries about oxaliplatin tumor-related resistance mechanisms, including alterations in transport, detoxification, DNA damage response and repair, cell death (apoptotic and nonapoptotic), and epigenetic mechanisms. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(8); 1767–76. ©2015 AACR.
IL6 Mediates Immune and Colorectal Cancer Cell Cross-talk via miR-21 and miR-29b
Authors: Patel Saroor A.A. , Gooderham Nigel J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Tumors are surrounded and infiltrated by a variety of stromal cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular endothelial cells, which interact with malignant cells to generate the tumor microenvironment (TME). This complex environment is thought to be regulated by the tumor in order to promote its survival and progression and thus constitutes a potential target for cancer therapy. However, intercellular communication within the microenvironment is not yet well understood. The current study investigates the mechanism by which cancer and immune cells communicate using an in vitro coculture model. It is demonstrated that IL6, a proinflammatory cytokine, secreted by immune cells promotes colorectal cancer cell invasiveness. In addition, in the presence of IL6, the cancer cells were able to secrete circulating miRNAs miR-21 and miR-29b to further induce immune cell IL6 production. Activated immune cells were also found to release miR-21 into the TME. Taken together, these mechanistic findings provide a better understanding of intercellular communication between immune and cancer cells in the TME and offer insight into some of the key players that mediate this cross-talk.
Implications: This study demonstrates that cocultured cancer and immune cells communicate via IL6 and circulating miRNAs to sustain chronic inflammation and promote prometastatic cancer cell behavior. In addition, critical players are identified that mediate intercellular communication in the TME and suggest possible therapeutic approaches that target the microenvironment. Mol Cancer Res; 13(11); 1502–8. ©2015 AACR.
Local MicroRNA Modulation Using a Novel Anti-miR-21–Eluting Stent Effectively Prevents Experimental In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Wang Dong , Deuse Tobias , Stubbendorff Mandy , Chernogubova Ekaterina , Erben Reinhold G. , Eken Suzanne M. , Jin Hong , Li Yuhuang , Busch Albert , Heeger Christian-H. , Behnisch Boris , Reichenspurner Hermann , Robbins Robert C. , Spin Joshua M. , Tsao Philip S. , Schrepfer Sonja , Maegdefessel Lars 
Published: July 2015

Objective—
Despite advances in stent technology for vascular interventions, in-stent restenosis (ISR) because of myointimal hyperplasia remains a major complication.

Approach and Results—
We investigated the regulatory role of microRNAs in myointimal hyperplasia/ISR, using a humanized animal model in which balloon-injured human internal mammary arteries with or without stenting were transplanted into Rowett nude rats, followed by microRNA profiling. miR-21 was the only significantly upregulated candidate. In addition, miR-21 expression was increased in human tissue samples from patients with ISR compared with coronary artery disease specimen. We systemically repressed miR-21 via intravenous fluorescein-tagged-locked nucleic acid-anti-miR-21 (anti-21) in our humanized myointimal hyperplasia model. As expected, suppression of vascular miR-21 correlated dose dependently with reduced luminal obliteration. Furthermore, anti-21 did not impede reendothelialization. However, systemic anti-miR-21 had substantial off-target effects, lowering miR-21 expression in liver, heart, lung, and kidney with concomitant increase in serum creatinine levels. We therefore assessed the feasibility of local miR-21 suppression using anti-21–coated stents. Compared with bare-metal stents, anti-21–coated stents effectively reduced ISR, whereas no significant off-target effects could be observed.

Conclusion—
This study demonstrates the efficacy of an anti-miR–coated stent for the reduction of ISR.
Stroke and Neurodegeneration Induce Different Connectivity Aberrations in the Insula
Authors: García-Cordero Indira , Sedeño Lucas , Fraiman Daniel , Craiem Damian , de la Fuente Laura Alethia , Salamone Paula , Serrano Cecilia , Sposato Luciano , Manes Facundo , Ibañez Agustín 
Published: July 2015

Background and Purpose—
Stroke and neurodegeneration cause significant brain damage and cognitive impairment, especially if the insular cortex is compromised. This study explores for the first time whether these 2 causes differentially alter connectivity patterns in the insular cortex.

Methods—
Resting state–functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from patients with insular stroke, patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia, and healthy controls. Data from the 3 groups were assessed through a correlation function analysis. Specifically, we compared decreases in connectivity as a function of voxel Euclidean distance within the insular cortex.

Results—
Relative to controls, patients with stroke showed faster connectivity decays as a function of distance (hypoconnectivity). In contrast, the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia group exhibited significant hyperconnectivity between neighboring voxels. Both patient groups evinced global hypoconnectivity. No between-group differences were observed in a volumetrically and functionally comparable region without ischemia or neurodegeneration.

Conclusions—
Functional insular cortex connectivity is affected differently by cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration, possibly because of differences in the cause-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of each disease. These findings have important clinical and theoretical implications.
Division of parental duties confirms a need for bi-parental care in a precocial bird, the mute swan Cygnus olor
Authors: Włodarczyk Radosław , Minias Piotr 
Published: July 2015

Parental investment is much reduced in precocial species when compared with altricial species, which may explain a predominance of uni-parental care in this group of birds. In precocial wildfowl, bi-parental care is mostly restricted to arctic-breeding species, where the short reproductive season forces mates to cooperate in caring for the young, but a temperate breeding mute swanCygnus oloris one of the few notable exceptions. In order to explain a need for bi-parental care in this species, we collected data on the time-budget of eleven swan breeding pairs from a Central European population. We found sex-related differences in the mean time allocated to incubation, movement, feeding, resting and aggression. Others behaviours (nest maintenance, alert and comfort) changed along the breeding season, but did not differ between sexes. Females were primarily responsible for providing care to the brood, whereas male activity focused on territory defence and family guarding. Females were exclusively responsible for incubation and they covered 85% of the total time allocated by parents to feeding cygnets. Nearly constant incubation in females limited possibilities for other activities, including foraging. Males allocated significantly more time than females to aggressive interactions, directed mainly towards other breeding pairs and non-breeders. A clear division of parental duties between sexes gave empirical support for the presence of bi-parental care in the mute swan, despite the fact that reproductive activities of this species are not constrained by the short length of the breeding season, as in arctic-breeding wildfowl.
About Certain Semantic Annotation in Parallel Corpora
Authors: Koseska-Toszewa Violetta 
Published: July 2015

About Certain Semantic Annotation in Parallel CorporaThe semantic notation analyzed in this works is contained in the second stream of semantic theories presented here – in the direct approach semantics. We used this stream in our work on the Bulgarian-Polish Contrastive Grammar. Our semantic notation distinguishes quantificational meanings of names and predicates, and indicates aspectual and temporal meanings of verbs. It relies on logical scope-based quantification and on the contemporary theory of processes, known as “Petri nets”. Thanks to it, we can distinguish precisely between a language form and its contents, e.g. a perfective verb form has two meanings: an event or a sequence of events and states, finally ended with an event. An imperfective verb form also has two meanings: a state or a sequence of states and events, finally ended with a state. In turn, names are quantified universally or existentially when they are “undefined”, and uniquely (using the iota operator) when they are “defined”. A fact worth emphasizing is the possibility of quantifying not only names, but also the predicate, and then quantification concerns time and aspect. This is a novum in elaborating sentence-level semantics in parallel corpora. For this reason, our semantic notation is manual. We are hoping that it will raise the interest of computer scientists working on automatic methods for processing the given natural languages. Semantic annotation defined like in this work will facilitate contrastive studies of natural languages, and this in turn will verify the results of those studies, and will certainly facilitate human and machine translations.
Europski uzori i hrvatski jezični priručnici u 18. stoljeću
Authors: Košutar Petra 
Published: July 2015

European models for the Croatian language handbooks in the 18th centuryUntil the 19th century Croatian language handbooks, namely grammars, dictionaries and ortography books, were mostly bilingual and multilingual. Only at the begining of the 19th century was the first grammar of Croatian written in Croatian published, and in the second half of the same century the first monolingual dictionary – Academy’s Dictionary was published. The origin of this is not in the language itself. When writing these multilanguage handbooks, the authors followed domestic predecessors, as well as foreign. This work is an attempt to reveal those foreign language models that Croatian linguists in the 18th century followed and on the example of one metalexicographic theme – usage labels – to show development of Croatian 18th century lexicography within the European lexicography.
Nie mogę być kapłanem Boga dzielnicowego. Z ks. Wojciechem Lemańskim rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir i Michał Pawilno-Pacewicz
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna , Pawilno-Pacewicz Michał 
Published: July 2015

„I cannot be a priest of a district God.” An interview with Rev. Wojciech Lemański by Joanna Tokarska-Bakir and Michał Pawilno-PacewiczOver the past few years the Polish media have informed about disagreements between Rev. Wojciech Lemański and the Polish Catholic Church hierarchy. In the interview in 2013, Rev. Wojciech Lemański told us about the reasons of his conflict and persecutions within the Catholic Church in Poland, as well as about major reasons of contemporary Christian anti-Semitism. Moreover, in the interview he explains how to cope with it and how the Catholic Church could commemorate the Shoah. Nie mogę być kapłanem Boga dzielnicowego. Z ks. Wojciechem Lemańskim rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir i Michał Pawilno-PacewiczOd kilku lat polskie media relacjonują kłopoty księdza Wojciecha Lemańskiego z jego przełożo­nymi. W wywiadzie udzielonym czasopismu „Studia Litteraria et Historica” w 2013 roku ks. Lemański opo­wiada o przyczynach jego szykanowania w łonie Kościoła, a także o tym, jakie są przyczyny współczesnego antysemityzmu chrześcijańskiego, jak go przepracowywać i w jaki sposób Kościół katolicki może włączać się w upamiętnianie Zagłady.
Przemoc i religia. Bluźnierstwo w islamie w przekazach polskich portali internetowych
Authors: Popow Monika 
Published: July 2015

Violence and religion. Blasphemy in Islam presented on Polish web portals The aim of the paper is to analyse the representations of blasphemy in Islam presented on popular Polish web portals. Critical Discourse Analysis was applied. The analysis included representations of the bla­sphemy cases and of the accused, both male and female. The analysed material was interpreted in the light of Judith Butler theory and postcolonial theory. Przemoc i religia. Bluźnierstwo w islamie w przekazach polskich portali internetowychCelem niniejszego tekstu jest analiza wizerunku bluźnierstwa w islamie prezentowanego na po­pularnych polskich portalach internetowych. Autorka zastosowała krytyczną analizę dyskursu. Analizowała przypadki bluźnierstw i oskarżonych o bluźnierstwo kobiet i mężczyzn. Materiał zinterpretowała przy pomocy teorii Judith Butler oraz teorii postkolonialnej.
Kilkanaście sekund. Z Konstantym Gebertem rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, Elżbieta Janicka i Anna Zawadzka
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna , Janicka Elżbieta , Zawadzka Anna 
Published: July 2015

A few seconds. Konstanty Gebert in a conversation with Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, Elżbieta Janicka and Anna ZawadzkaIn 2012–2013, Poland was discussing ritual slaughter. Its adversaries claimed that the kind of animal slaughtering that makes the animal meat kosher and halal, causes extra suffering to animals and therefore should be banned. However, the postulate of banning ritual slaughter in Poland is not new and it goes back to the pre-war period. In the Studia Litteraria et Historica’s interview Konstanty Gebert talks about the history of Polish debate on the ritual slaughter, its anti-Semitic applications and about not an­ti-Semitic arguments risen in the discussion. He describes legal solutions for the ritual slaughter in other countries and addresses the issue of animal killing as a moral problem in Judaism. He also discusses the contemporary debate on the ritual slaughter: is it really in the name of the animal rights? Kilkanaście sekund. Z Konstantym Gebertem rozmawiają Joanna Tokarska-Bakir, Elżbieta Janicka i Anna ZawadzkaW latach 2012–2013 przez Polskę przetoczyła się dyskusja o uboju rytualnym. Jego przeciwnicy argumentowali, że taki sposób zabijania zwierząt, by mięso z ich ciał było koszerne i halal, przysparza zwie­rzętom dodatkowych cierpień, dlatego powinien być zakazany. Jednak postulat, by zakazać uboju rytualnego, nie jest w Polsce niczym nowym. Jego tradycja sięga okresu przedwojennego. W wywiadzie dla czasopisma „Studia Litteraria et Historica” Konstanty Gebert opowiada m.in. o historii polskiej debaty na temat uboju rytualnego, o antysemickich z niej użytkach i o nieantysemickich argumentach w niej podnoszonych, o roz­wiązaniach prawnych dotyczących uboju rytualnego w innych krajach, a także o zabijaniu zwierząt jako problemie moralnym w obrębie judaizmu. Zastanawia się także, czy współczesna debata o uboju rytualnym jest faktycznie w interesie zwierząt.
The struggle of Fortinbras and Horatio in Romania: removal and re-collection of the communist past in Romanian museums
Authors: Ploscariu Iemima D. 
Published: July 2015

The struggle of Fortinbras and Horatio in Romania: removal and re-collection of the communist past in Romanian museumsOver twenty years after the dismantling of communist regimes began in Central and Eastern Europe, the governments and people in these former Soviet bloc countries are faced with varying and often opposing ways to approach and present the communist past. Focusing on post-1989 museums in Romania, especially the Sighet Museum in Sighetul Marmaţiei and the Romanian Peasant Museum in Bucharest, the article will examine three themes that appear in museum exhibitions of Romanian communist history: the marginalization of the communist past, the victimization of a nation, and the need by curators to “rescue memory.” these approaches to the communist past leave a great deal out. Limited and biased portraits hinder a healthy coming to terms with the past initially intended by these institutions in Romania and similar institutions across Central and Eastern Europe. However, some attempts have been made to bring in more voices and face the past on its own terms apart from the political motivation or desires for retribution, which often motivate the current interpretation of the past. Walka Fortynbrasa z Horacym w Rumunii: likwidacja i ponowne przypomnienie komunistycznej przeszłości w rumuńskich muzeachPo ponad 20 latach od chwili, gdy zaczęły się rozpadać komunistyczne reżimy w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, rządy i społeczeństwa byłych krajów bloku sowieckiego doświadczają odmiennych, często przeciwstawnych podejść do komunistycznej przeszłości i sposobów jej przedstawiania. Skupiając swą uwagę na muzeach w Rumunii po roku 1989, zwłaszcza Miejscu Pamięci Ofiar Komunizmu i Ruchu Oporu w Sighetu Marmaţiei (Syhot Marmaroski) oraz Muzeum Chłopstwa Rumuńskiego w Bukareszcie, autorka niniejszego artykułu analizuje trzy zagadnienia, które przewijają się w muzealnych ekspozycjach poświęconych dziejom Rumunii w czasach komunistycznych; są to: marginalizacja komunistycznej przeszłości, wiktymizacja narodu i potrzeba „ocalenia pamięci” przez kustoszy. Powyższe podejścia do komunistycznej przeszłości ignorują wiele kwestii. Niepełny i tendencyjny obraz opóźnia zatem dojście do ładu z przeszłością na zdroworozsądkowych zasadach, co w myśl początkowych założeń miało w Rumunii nastąpić dzięki muzeom, jak też dzięki podobnym placówkom w całej Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Jednakże podejmowane są wciąż nowe próby, aby dopuścić do głosu więcej różnych opinii i stawić czoło przeszłości niezależnie od motywacji politycznych bądź dążenia do zemsty, które często stoją za bieżącymi interpretacjami przeszłości.