bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple cis elements and GATA factors regulate a cuticle collagen gene in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yin Jianghua , Madaan Uday , Park Amy , Aftab Neelum , Savage‐Dunn Cathy 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe cuticle of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a specialized extracellular matrix whose major component is collagen. Cuticle collagens are encoded by a large multigene family consisting of more than 150 members. Cuticle collagen genes are expressed in epidermis (hypodermis) and may be stage‐specific or cyclically expressed. We identified cuticle collagen genes as transcriptional targets of the DBL‐1 TGF‐β‐related signaling pathway. These studies prompted us to investigate the cis‐regulatory sequences required for transcription of one of the target genes, col‐41. We generated reporter constructs that reproduce stage‐ and tissue‐specific expression of fluorescent markers. We identify four conserved sequence elements that are required for transcription of reporters. Finally, we provide evidence that col‐41 expression is controlled by a sequence element containing two GATA sites and by the epidermal GATA transcription factors ELT‐1 and ELT‐3. genesis 53:278–284, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Types and Mechanisms of Science‐Driven Institutional Change: The case of desertification control in northern China
Authors: Yang Lihua , Li Chen 
Published: February 2015

AbstractScience plays an important role in institutional change, but the types and mechanisms of science‐driven institutional change have received little attention in the mainstream discourse concerning institutions, institutional change and social governance. Comparing 25 cases using data from surveys, interviews, observations and a meta‐analysis of archives regarding desertification control in northern China, this study found that, although science influenced the results of desertification control through influencing institutional change, its influence was also constrained by the types and working principles of science‐driven institutional change. When analyzing the application of different methods of desertification control, the type of biological control that dominates the interaction (biological‐control‐dominant interaction) may be that of science‐driven intuitional change variables with the highest desertification control performance, whereas for the participants in desertification control the type of high participation and multiple interactions may be the variable with the greatest influence. This study also proposes nine principles for effective science‐driven institutional change that address collaborative, effective and sustainable applications and extensions of advanced scientific methods, effective collaboration among various social actors and organizations, and localized, collaborative and nested laws, regulations and rules regarding desertification control. Stronger rules result in more effective science‐driven institutional changes. These findings provide an outline for reforming the models of science‐driven institutional change and implementing future science and technology policies for desertification control and other types of ecological and environmental governance. This study also provides a theoretical and empirical foundation for further research concerning science‐driven institutional change. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Efficacy and cost‐effectiveness: A study of different treatment approaches in a tertiary pain centre
Authors: Vanhaudenhuyse A. , Gillet A. , Malaise N. , Salamun I. , Barsics C. , Grosdent S. , Maquet D. , Nyssen A‐S. , Faymonville M‐E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is considered to be a complex phenomenon, involving an interrelation of biological, psychosocial and sociocultural factors. Currently, no single treatment or therapy can address all aspects of this pathology. In our expert tertiary pain centre, we decide to assess the effectiveness of four treatments for chronic pain classically proposed in our daily clinical work: physiotherapy; psycho‐education; physiotherapy combined with psycho‐education; and self‐hypnosis/self‐care learning.MethodsThis study included 527 chronic pain patients, with a mean duration of pain of 10 years. Patients were allocated either to one of the four pre‐cited treatment groups or to the control group. Pain intensity, quality of life, pain interference, anxiety and depression were assessed before and after treatment.ResultsThis study revealed a significant positive effect on pain interference and anxiety in patients included in the physiotherapy combined with psycho‐education group, after 20 sessions spread over 9 months of treatment. The most prominent results were obtained for patients allocated to the self‐hypnosis/self‐care group, although they received only six sessions over a 9‐month period. These patients showed significant benefits in the areas of pain intensity, pain interference, anxiety, depression and quality of life.ConclusionsThis clinical report demonstrates the relevance of biopsychosocial approaches in the improvement of pain and psychological factors in chronic pain patients. The study further reveals the larger impact of self‐hypnosis/self‐care learning treatment, in addition to a cost‐effectiveness benefit of this treatment comparative to other interventions.
Structural health monitoring of progressive damage
Authors: Mollineaux M. , Rajagopal R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryStructural health monitoring requires tracking the progression of damage in a structure over time. In this paper, we propose a model for progressive damage that utilizes a hidden Markov model where multiple states represent the severity and type of damage. Sensor observations are generated according to a process conditional on each state. An efficient algorithm for sequential inference of damage from collected data is proposed and tested using experimental data from a structural frame. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dimensionless fragility curves for rocking response to near‐fault excitations
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Elias G. , Paraskeva Themelina S. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis paper assesses the seismic fragility of single degree of freedom rocking structures within a probabilistic framework. The focus is on slender rigid structures that exhibit negative stiffness during rocking. The analysis considers ground motions with near‐fault characteristics, either solely coherent pulses or synthetic ground motions that include, in addition, a stochastic high‐frequency component. The study offers normalized fragility curves that estimate the overturning tendency, as well as the peak response rotation of a rocking structure. It shows that the use of bivariate intensity measures (IMs) can lead to superior fragility curves compared with conventional univariate IMs. Regardless, the study advocates the use of dimensionless–orientationless IMs that offer an approximately ‘universal’ description of rocking behavior/fragility, a normalized description almost indifferent to the amplitude and the predominant frequency of the excitation or the size and the slenderness of the rocking structure. Importantly, the analysis unveils hidden order in rocking response. There exists a critical peak ground acceleration, below and above which, peak rocking response scales differently. In particular, when the structure does not overturn, the peak rotation follows approximately a biplanar pattern with respect to the intensity and the predominant frequency of the excitation. Finally, the analysis verifies that rocking overturning depends primarily on the velocity characteristics of the ground motion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defining an exposure–response relationship for suspended kaolin clay particulates and aquatic organisms: Work toward defining a water quality guideline for suspended solids
Authors: Gordon Andrew K. , Palmer Carolyn G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Water quality guidelines for suspended solids generally rely on the percentage departure from reference condition, an approach that has been criticized. Attempts to develop a biological effects-base guideline have, however, been confounded by low data availability. Furthermore, the high biological response variability to suspended solids exposure suggests that organisms are responding not only to exposure concentration and duration but also to other mechanisms of effect associated with suspended particles (e.g., size, shape, and geochemical composition). An alternative option is to develop more situation and site specific guidelines by generating biological effects data to suspended particles of a particular geochemistry and restricted size range. With this in mind, aquatic organism responses to kaolin clay particle exposure were collated from the literature and incorporated into 2 exposure–response relationship approaches. The species sensitivity distribution approach produced a hazardous concentration affecting 5% of species estimate of 58 mg/L for mortality responses, and 36 mg/L for sublethal data. The severity-of-ill-effect approach produced similar estimates for lethal and sublethal data. These results suggest that aquatic organisms are slightly more tolerant of kaolin clay particles than particles from barite or bentonite clays, based on results from previous studies on these clay types. This type of information can enable better estimates of the risk faced by aquatic organisms exposed to suspended solids. For example, when the sediments of a particular water body are dominated by a particular type of clay particle, then the most appropriate exposure–response relationship can be applied. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:907–912. © 2015 SETAC
Network activity underlying the illusory self‐attribution of a dummy arm
Authors: Limanowski Jakub , Blankenburg Felix 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNeuroimaging has demonstrated that the illusory self‐attribution of body parts engages frontal and intraparietal brain areas, and recent evidence further suggests an involvement of visual body‐selective regions in the occipitotemporal cortex. However, little is known about the principles of information exchange within this network. Here, using automated congruent versus incongruent visuotactile stimulation of distinct anatomical locations on the participant's right arm and a realistic dummy counterpart in an fMRI scanner, we induced an illusory self‐attribution of the dummy arm. The illusion consistently activated a left‐hemispheric network comprising ventral premotor cortex (PMv), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and body‐selective regions of the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOC). Importantly, during the illusion, the functional coupling of the PMv and the IPS with the LOC increased substantially, and dynamic causal modeling revealed a significant enhancement of connections from the LOC and the secondary somatosensory cortex to the IPS. These results comply with the idea that the brain's inference mechanisms rely on the hierarchical propagation of prediction error. During illusory self‐attribution, unpredicted ambiguous sensory input about one's body configuration may result in the generation of such prediction errors in visual and somatosensory areas, which may be conveyed to parietal integrative areas. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2284–2304, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Striatal and midbrain connectivity with the hippocampus selectively boosts memory for contextual novelty
Authors: Kafkas Alexandros , Montaldi Daniela 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe role of contextual expectation in processing familiar and novel stimuli was investigated in a series of experiments combining eye tracking, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and behavioral methods. An experimental paradigm emphasizing either familiarity or novelty detection at retrieval was used. The detection of unexpected familiar and novel stimuli, which were characterized by lower probability, engaged activity in midbrain and striatal structures. Specifically, detecting unexpected novel stimuli, relative to expected novel stimuli, produced greater activity in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), whereas the detection of unexpected familiar, relative to expected, familiar stimuli, elicited activity in the striatum/globus pallidus (GP). An effective connectivity analysis showed greater functional coupling between these two seed areas (GP and SN/VTA) and the hippocampus, for unexpected than for expected stimuli. Within this network of midbrain/striatal–hippocampal interactions two pathways are apparent; the direct SN–hippocampal pathway sensitive to unexpected novelty and the perirhinal–GP–hippocampal pathway sensitive to unexpected familiarity. In addition, increased eye fixations and pupil dilations also accompanied the detection of unexpected relative to expected familiar and novel stimuli, reflecting autonomic activity triggered by the functioning of these two pathways. Finally, subsequent memory for unexpected, relative to expected, familiar, and novel stimuli was characterized by enhanced recollection, but not familiarity, accuracy. Taken together, these findings suggest that a hippocampal–midbrain network, characterized by two distinct pathways, mediates encoding facilitation and most critically, that this facilitation is driven by contextual novelty, rather than by the absolute novelty of a stimulus. This contextually sensitive neural mechanism appears to elicit increased exploratory behavior, leading subsequently to greater recollection of the unexpected stimulus. © 2015 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Estimation of soil hydraulic properties and their uncertainty through the Beerkan infiltration experiment
Authors: Ghavidelfar Saeed , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Melville Bruce W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Beerkan method based on in situ single‐ring water infiltration experiments along with the relevant specific Beerkan estimation of soil transfer parameters (BEST) algorithm is attractive for simple soil hydraulic characterization. However, the BEST algorithm may lead to erroneous or null values for the saturated hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity especially when there are only few infiltration data points under the transient flow state, either for sandy soil or soils in wet conditions. This study developed an alternative algorithm for analysis of the Beerkan infiltration experiment referred to as BEST‐generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE). The proposed method estimates the scale parameters of van Genuchten water retention and Brooks–Corey hydraulic conductivity functions through the GLUE methodology. The GLUE method is a Bayesian Monte Carlo parameter estimation technique that makes use of a likelihood function to measure the goodness‐of‐fit between modelled and observed data. The results showed that using a combination of three different likelihood measurements based on observed transient flow, steady‐state flow and experimental steady‐state infiltration rate made the BEST‐GLUE procedure capable of performing an efficient inverse analysis of Beerkan infiltration experiments. Therefore, it is more applicable for a wider range of soils with contrasting texture, structure, and initial and saturated water content. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteotomy Healing in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Receiving Bisphosphonate Treatment
Authors: Anam Emad A , Rauch Frank , Glorieux Francis H , Fassier François , Hamdy Reggie 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

A decade ago our group had reported that osteotomy healing was commonly delayed in children with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) who were treated with intravenous pamidronate infusions. We subsequently maintained a bisphosphonate infusion–free interval of 4 months after osteotomy and changed the surgical approach (use of an osteotome instead of a power saw). In addition, zoledronic acid has become the standard intravenous bisphosphonate for treatment of OI at our institution. In the present study, we compared osteotomy healing before and after these changes were instituted. We evaluated bone healing post-osteotomy on standard radiographs after 261 intramedullary rodding procedures involving osteotomies (139 femur, 112 tibia) in 110 patients (age at surgery 1.2 to 20.4 years). Delayed healing was diagnosed when the osteotomy line was visible 12 months after the event. We observed delayed bone healing after 48 of the 114 osteotomies (42%) performed with the new approach, and in 106 of the 147 osteotomies (72%) using the previous approach (p = 0.001). The odds for delayed osteotomy healing were significantly lower with the new approach even after adjustment for age, sex, height Z-score, weight Z-score, OI type, and bone involved (odds ratio = 0.17; 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.47). Thus, delayed osteotomy healing occurred less frequently in the past 10 years than in the decade before that. It is likely that this improved result is attributable to the implemented changes in both medical and surgical management. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D With Bone Mineral Density, Bone Mineral Density Change, and Incident Nonvertebral Fracture
Authors: Swanson Christine M , Srikanth Priya , Lee Christine G , Cummings Steven R , Jans Ivo , Cauley Jane A , Bouillon Roger , Vanderschueren Dirk , Orwoll Eric S , Nielson Carrie M ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men MrOS Study Research Group
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Relationships between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and skeletal outcomes are uncertain. We examined the associations of 1,25(OH)2D with bone mineral density (BMD), BMD change, and incident non-vertebral fractures in a cohort of older men and compared them with those of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD). The study population included 1000 men (aged 74.6 ± 6.2 years) in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, of which 537 men had longitudinal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) data (4.5 years of follow-up). A case-cohort design and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the association between vitamin D metabolite levels and incident nonvertebral and hip fractures. Linear regression models were used to estimate the association between vitamin D measures and baseline BMD and BMD change. Interactions between 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D were tested for each outcome. Over an average follow-up of 5.1 years, 432 men experienced incident nonvertebral fractures, including 81 hip fractures. Higher 25OHD was associated with higher baseline BMD, slower BMD loss, and lower hip fracture risk. Conversely, men with higher 1,25(OH)2D had lower baseline BMD. 1,25(OH)2D was not associated with BMD loss or nonvertebral fracture. Compared with higher levels of calcitriol, the risk of hip fracture was higher in men with the lowest 1,25(OH)2D levels (8.70 to 51.60 pg/mL) after adjustment for baseline hip BMD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–3.33). Adjustment of 1,25(OH)2D data for 25OHD (and vice versa) had little effect on the associations observed but did attenuate the hip fracture association of both vitamin D metabolites. In older men, higher 1,25(OH)2D was associated with lower baseline BMD but was not related to the rate of bone loss or nonvertebral fracture risk. However, with BMD adjustment, a protective association for hip fracture was found with higher 1,25(OH)2D. The associations of 25OHD with skeletal outcomes were generally stronger than those for 1,25(OH)2D. These results do not support the hypothesis that measures of 1,25(OH)2D improve the ability to predict adverse skeletal outcomes when 25OHD measures are available. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Effect of Discontinuing Treatment With Blosozumab: Follow-up Results of a Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial in Postmenopausal Women With Low Bone Mineral Density
Authors: Recknor Christopher P , Recker Robert R , Benson Charles T , Robins Deborah A , Chiang Alan Y , Alam Jahangir , Hu Leijun , Matsumoto Toshio , Sowa Hideaki , Sloan John H , Konrad Robert J , Mitlak Bruce H , Sipos Adrien A 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Administration of blosozumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds sclerostin, increases bone formation and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with low BMD. To evaluate the effect of discontinuing blosozumab, we studied women enrolled in a 1-year randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial for an additional year after they completed treatment. Of the 120 women initially enrolled in the study, 106 women completed treatment and continued into follow-up; 88 women completed 1 year of follow-up. At the beginning of follow-up, groups remained balanced for age, race, and body mass index, but lumbar spine and total hip BMD were increased in prior blosozumab groups, reflecting an anabolic treatment effect. At the end of follow-up, 1 year after discontinuing treatment, lumbar spine BMD remained significantly greater than placebo in women initially treated with blosozumab 270 mg every 2 weeks (Q2W) and blosozumab 180 mg Q2W (6.9% and 3.6% above baseline, respectively). Total hip BMD also declined after discontinuation of treatment but at 1 year after treatment remained significantly greater than placebo in women initially treated with blosozumab 270 mg Q2W and blosozumab 180 mg Q2W (3.9% and 2.6% above baseline, respectively). During follow-up, median serum P1NP was not consistently different between the prior blosozumab groups and placebo. A similar pattern was apparent for median serum C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) levels, with more variability. Mean serum total sclerostin concentration increased with blosozumab, indicating target engagement, and declined to baseline after discontinuation. There were no adverse events considered related to prior treatment with blosozumab. Anti-drug antibodies generally declined in patients who had detectable levels during prior treatment. These findings support the continued study of blosozumab as an anabolic therapy for treatment of osteoporosis. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Smad1/5 and Smad4 Expression Are Important for Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: Tasca Amy , Stemig Melissa , Broege Aaron , Huang Brandon , Davydova Julia , Zwijsen An , Umans Lieve , Jensen Eric D. , Gopalakrishnan Raj , Mansky Kim C. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTTo investigate the necessity of the canonical BMP pathway during osteoclast differentiation, we created osteoclasts with a conditional gene deletion for Smad1 and Smad5 (SMAD1/5), or Smad4 using adenovirus expressing CRE recombinase (Ad‐CRE). Reduction of either Smad4 or Smad1/5 expression resulted in fewer and smaller multinuclear cells compared to control cells. We also detected changes in osteoclast enriched genes, demonstrated by decreased Dc‐stamp and cathepsin K expression in both Smad4 and Smad1/5 Ad–CRE osteoclasts, and changes in c‐fos and Nfatc1 expression in only Smad4 Ad–CRE cells. Lastly we also detected a significant decrease in resorption pits and area resorbed in both the Smad4 and Smad1/5 Ad‐CRE osteoclasts. Because we inhibited osteoclast differentiation with loss of either Smad4 or Smad1/5 expression, we assessed whether BMPs affected osteoclast activity in addition to BMP's effects on differentiation. Therefore, we treated mature osteoclasts with BMP2 or with dorsomorphin, a chemical inhibitor that selectively suppresses canonical BMP signaling. We demonstrated that BMP2 stimulated resorption in mature osteoclasts whereas treatment with dorsomorphin blocks osteoclast resorption. These results indicate that the BMP canonical signaling pathway is important for osteoclast differentiation and activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1350–1360, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.