bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Describing the effect of COVID-19 on sexual and healthcare-seeking behaviours of men who have sex with men in three counties in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shaw Souradet Y , Biegun Jeffery C S , Leung Stella , Isac Shajy , Musyoki Helgar K , Mugambi Mary , Kioko Japheth , Musimbi Janet , Olango Kennedy , Kuria Samuel , Ongaro Martin K , Walimbwa Jeffrey , Emmanuel Faran , Blanchard James , Pickles Michael , Mishra Sharmistha , Becker Marissa L , Lazarus Lisa , Lorway Robert , Bhattacharjee Parinita 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundWhile the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted HIV preventative services in sub-Saharan Africa, little is known about the specific impacts the pandemic has had on men who have sex with men (MSM) in Kenya.MethodsData were from an HIV self-testing intervention implemented in Kisumu, Mombasa and Kiambu counties in Kenya. Baseline data collection took place from May to July 2019, and endline in August–October 2020, coinciding with the lifting of some COVID-19 mitigation measures. Using endline data, this study characterised the impact the pandemic had on participants’ risk behaviours, experience of violence and behaviours related to HIV. Logistic regression was used to understand factors related to changes in risk behaviours and experiences of violence; adjusted AORs (AORs) and 95% CIs are reported.ResultsMedian age was 24 years (IQR: 21–27). Most respondents (93.9%) reported no change or a decrease in the number of sexual partners (median number of male sexual partners: 2, IQR: 2–4). Some participants reported an increase in alcohol (10%) and drug (16%) consumption, while 40% and 28% reported decreases in alcohol and drug consumption, respectively. Approximately 3% and 10% reported an increase in violence from intimate partners and police/authorities, respectively. Compared with those with primary education, those with post-secondary education were 60% less likely to report an increase in the number of male sexual partners per week (AOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.9), while those who were HIV positive were at twofold the odds of reporting an increase or sustained levels of violence from intimate partners (AOR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.0).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate heterogeneity in participants’ access to preventative HIV and clinical care services in Kenya after the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic. These results indicate the importance of responding to specific needs of MSM and adapting programmes during times of crisis.
Environmental exposures associated with early childhood recurrent wheezing in the mother and child in the environment birth cohort: a time-to-event study
Authors: Asharam Kareshma , Mitku Aweke A Abebaw , Ramsay Lisa , Jeena Prakash Mohan , Naidoo Rajen N 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundAntenatal factors and environmental exposures contribute to recurrent wheezing in early childhood.AimTo identify antenatal and environmental factors associated with recurrent wheezing in children from birth to 48 months in the mother and child in the environment cohort, using time-to-event analysis.MethodMaternal interviews were administered during pregnancy and postnatally and children were followed up from birth to 48 months (May 2013–October 2019). Hybrid land-use regression and dispersion modelling described residential antenatal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter of 2.5 µm diameter (PM2.5). Wheezing status was assessed by a clinician. The Kaplan-Meier hazard function and Cox-proportional hazard models provided estimates of risk, adjusting for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), maternal smoking, biomass fuel use and indoor environmental factors.ResultsAmong 520 mother–child pairs, 85 (16%) children, had a single wheeze episode and 57 (11%) had recurrent wheeze. Time to recurrent wheeze (42.9 months) and single wheeze (37.8 months) among children exposed to biomass cooking fuels was significantly shorter compared with children with mothers using electricity (45.9 and 38.9 months, respectively (p=0.03)). Children with mothers exposed to antenatal ETS were 3.8 times more likely to have had recurrent wheeze compared with those not exposed (adjusted HR 3.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 10.7). Mean birth month NO2was significantly higher among the recurrent wheeze category compared with those without wheeze. NO2and PM2.5were associated with a 2%–4% adjusted increased wheezing risk.ConclusionControl of exposure to ETS and biomass fuels in the antenatal period is likely to delay the onset of recurrent wheeze in children from birth to 48 months.
Epidemiology of childhood interstitial lung disease in France: the RespiRare cohort
Authors: Fletcher Camille , Hadchouel Alice , Thumerelle Caroline , Mazenq Julie , Fleury Manon , Corvol Harriet , Jedidi Nouha , Benhamida Myriam , Bessaci Katia , Bilhouee Tiphaine , Borie Raphael , Brouard Jacques , Cantais Aurélie , Clement Annick , Coutier Laurianne , Cisterne Camille , Cros Pierrick , Dalphin Marie-Laure , Delacourt Christophe , Deneuville Eric , Dubus Jean-Christophe , Egron Carole , Epaud Ralph , Fayon Michael , Forgeron Aude , Gachelin Elsa , Galode François , Gertini Isabelle , Giovannini-Chami Lisa , Gourdan Pierre , Guiddir Tamazoust , Herzog Audrey , Houdouin Véronique , Hullo Églantine , Jarreau Pierre-Henri , Labbé Guillame , Labouret Géraldine , Ladaurade Alice , Le Clainche Viala Laurence , Marguet Christophe , Masson-Rouchaud Alexandra , Perisson Caroline , Rames Cinthia , Reix Philippe , Renoux Marie-Catherine , Roditis Léa , Schweitzer Cyril , Tatopoulos Aurélie , Trioche-Eberschweiler Pascale , Troussier Françoise , Vigier Clémentine , Weiss Laurence , Legendre Marie , Louvrier Camille , de Becdelievre Alix , Coulomb Aurore , Sileo Chiara , Ducou le Pointe Hubert , Berteloot Laureline , Delestrain Céline , Nathan Nadia 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionInterstitial lung disease in children (chILD) are rare and mostly severe lung diseases. Very few epidemiological data are available in limited series of patients. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and incidence of chILD in France.MethodsWe performed within the RespiRare network a multicentre retrospective observational study in patients with chILD from 2000 to 2022 and a prospective evaluation of chILD’s incidence between February 2022 and 2023.ResultschILD was reported in 790 patients in 42 centres. The estimated 2022 prevalence in France was 44 /million children (95% CI 40.76 to 47.46) and the computed incidence was 4.4 /million children (95% CI 3.44 to 5.56). The median age at diagnosis was 3 months with 16.9% of familial forms. Lung biopsy and genetic analyses were performed in 23.4% and 76.9%, respectively. The most frequent chILD aetiologies in the <2 years group were surfactant metabolism disorders (16.3%) and neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (11.8%), and in the 2–18 years group diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (12.2%), connective tissue diseases (11.4%), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (8.8%) and sarcoidosis (8.8%). The management included mainly oxygen therapy (52%), corticosteroid pulses (56%), oral corticosteroids (44%), azithromycin (27.2%), enteral nutrition (26.9%), immunosuppressants (20.3%) and hydroxychloroquine (15.9%). The 5-year survival rate was 57.3% for the patients diagnosed before 2 years and 86% between 2 and 18 years.ConclusionThis large and systematic epidemiological study confirms a higher incidence and prevalence of chILD than previously described. In order to develop international studies, efforts are still needed to optimise the case collection and to harmonise diagnostic and management practices.
Trauma centers: an underfunded but essential asset to the community
Authors: Fracasso Joseph L , Ahmed Nasim 
Published: July 2024

Research indicates that specialized trauma centers, especially those of level I and II designation, can generate revenue if financial support is provided, and most importantly provide better outcomes for an injured patient by reducing length of stay and mortality when compared with treatment at hospitals without trauma center designation.Costs associated with trauma center operation have risen over the past few years in association with growing patient volumes and inflation. Documentation regarding costs for trauma center operations is sparse, and there exists a large variance between reported numbers based on their region. In most cases, the greatest proportion of funds are spent on clinical personnel while the smallest fraction is dedicated to educational and prevention programs. Studies confirm that as a product of these rising costs and a lack of state and federal funding that trauma centers remain uniquely financially vulnerable.Multiple strategies have been implemented to mitigate these costs but have proven insufficient. Legislations providing patients with expanded access to healthcare such as the Affordable Healthcare Act have failed to deliver on their intended purposes, and managed care organizations have moved to protect their own interest at the expense of trauma patient mortality. In lieu of concerted federal support, states and municipalities have explored solutions to support trauma centers such as small fees added to fines or encouraging charitable donations, although these programs have not seen ubiquitous implementation. Most trauma centers have begun incorporating activation costs to recoup losses from their low reimbursement rate, but these have continued to inflate, and pose a growing burden on vulnerable patients.Lack of funding from external sources such as state or federal appropriations poses a tangible threat to trauma centers for closure, and with multiple trauma centers acting as critical pillars of healthcare infrastructure for disadvantaged communities as well as the impact of this lack of funding being so broad and systemic, multiple ‘trauma deserts’ may emerge, leaving communities—especially disadvantaged communities which rely on the safety-net function of many high designation trauma centers—deprived of an essential treatment resource and increasing annual mortalities that could have otherwise been averted.
Genomic regions underlying variation in wattles, horns, and supernumerary teats phenotypes in Egyptian goats
Authors: Sallam Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2024

Goats play a crucial role in providing humans with various types of valuable products including milk and meat. The underlying genetic mechanisms of important morphological aspects remain largely unknown in goats, highlighting the need for further investigation. A genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted for three morphological phenotypes in Egyptian goats. All animals were genotyped using the Illumina 65 K SNP BeadChips. Results of GWAS for wattles identified two significant ( P ≤ 1.4 × 10–6, false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 10 within a region (72–74 Mb) containing FMN1 and GREM1 genes that are important for limb development and growth. For horns, three significant SNPs were identified on chromosome 1 (119–131 Mb) harbouring candidate genes for embryonic development and tissue differentiation, such as CEP70, DZIP1L, CLDN18, SOX14, and SLC35G2. For supernumerary teats, four significant SNPs located on chromosomes 25 (8.7 Mb), 9 (47.8 Mb), 17 (45.1 Mb), and 28 (6.7 Mb) were identified, harbouring candidate genes involved in morphogenesis and reproductive traits such as EMP2, MDN1, PCDH10, and GHITM. This study identified novel candidate genes alongside previously reported ones in other goat breeds, suggesting their potential as candidate genes for the studied traits in Egyptian goats.
A test for the redshift dependence of $$\sigma _8$$ using $$f\sigma _8$$ measurements
Authors: Manna Siddhant , Desai Shantanu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe search for a redshift dependence of $$\sigma _8^0$$

σ
8
0

using 23 growth rate measurements from redshift space distortions and peculiar velocity measurements as a consistency check of $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM. For this purpose we use the dataset from Sagredo et al. (Phys Rev D 98:083543, 2018) consisting of 22 measurements, which has been vetted for internal consistencies. Eighteen of these measurements have been obtained from the Gold-2017 sample, collated from multiple redshift space distortion surveys between 2009 and 2016, whereas the remaining four have been obtained from the eBOSS DR14 quasar survey. We also added one additional data point from the BOSS DR12 CMASS galaxy sample. We find that for this dataset the $$\sigma _8^0$$

σ
8
0

values are consistent between the low redshift and high redshift samples using three different redshift cuts. This implies that the growth rate measurements are consistent with a constant $$\sigma _8^0$$

σ
8
0

in accord with $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM, assuming there are no uncontrolled systematics in this dataset.
Horocyclic harmonic Bergman spaces on homogeneous trees
Authors: De Mari Filippo , Monti Matteo , Rizzo Elena 
Published: July 2024

The main focus of this contribution is on the harmonic Bergman spaces [Formula: see text] on the [Formula: see text]-homogeneous tree [Formula: see text] endowed with a family of measures [Formula: see text] that are constant on the horocycles tangent to a fixed boundary point and turn out to be doubling with respect to the corresponding horocyclic Gromov distance. A central role is played by the reproducing kernel Hilbert space [Formula: see text] for which we find a natural orthonormal basis and formulae for the kernel. We also consider the atomic Hardy space and the bounded mean oscillation space. Appealing to an adaptation of Calderón–Zygmund theory and to standard boundedness results for integral operators on [Formula: see text] spaces with Hörmander-type kernels, we determine the boundedness properties of the Bergman projection. This work was inspired by [J. M. Cohen, F. Colonna, M. A. Picardello and D. Singman, Bergman spaces and Carleson measures on homogeneous isotropic trees, Potential Anal. 44(4) (2016) 745–766, doi:10.1007/s11118-015-9529-7; F. De Mari, M. Monti and M. Vallarino, Harmonic Bergman projectors on homogeneous trees, Potential Anal. 61 (2024) 153–182].
Designing, Validation, and Feasibility of Integrated Approach of Heartfulness Meditation and Yoga Protocol (IAHFNM & YP) for Hypertensive Participants
Authors: Singh Pooja S. , Nicolai Veronique , Patil Yogesh , Yeram Neelam , Bhukte Bhusan , Thakur Kapil , Thakker Mitesh , Mehta Haresh , Thakur Mansee K. 
Published: July 2024

The module was designed and developed at Heartfulness Institute, Kanha Shanti Vanam, Hyderabad. The Department of Medicine, MGM Medical College & Hospital, MGMIHS, Navi Mumbai, carried out the validation and subsequently pilot‐tested on volunteers. Forty experts were selected to validate the contents of IAHFNM & YP which was designed after a thorough review of meditation and yoga literature. A total of 23 items were included, and each item was rated as essential or not essential by the experts, based on which the content validity ratio (CVR), Item‐Level Content Validity Index (I‐CVI), and Scale‐Level Content Validity Index Average (S‐CVI/Ave) were calculated. Reliability analysis and a pilot study for the feasibility of IAHFNM & YP for hypertensive patients were also done. All 23 practices exhibited significant CVR (≥ 0.29), I‐CVI (> 0.79), and S‐CVI/Ave (> 0.9); thus, the tool was found to have valid contents. Cronbach’s alpha value for the tool was 0.95 which was highly reliable. Feasibility analysis in hypertensive participants showed that the tool is reliable and implementable. The IAHFNM & YP tool designed for hypertensive patients is valid, reliable, and feasible. The patients showed a willingness to continue with heartfulness meditation and yoga practices for participation in research for a longer duration. Further studies to confirm the tool’s efficacy should be conducted with a large sample size.Trial Registration:CTRI/2024/01/061035
Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with haemoptysis: the POPEIHE study
Authors: Vanni Simone , Bartalucci Paola , Pelagatti Lorenzo , Fabiani Ginevra , Guglielmini Elena , Giannasi Gianfranco , Ruggiano Germana , De Curtis Ersilia , Coppa Alessandro , Pepe Giuseppe , Magazzini Simone , Voza Antonio , Morello Fulvio , Nazerian Peiman , Grifoni Stefano 
Published: July 2024

AimTo determine the prevalence and characteristics of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients presenting with haemoptysis. Additionally, we assessed the efficiency and failure rates of different clinical diagnostic algorithms for PE in this patient population.MethodsWe enrolled consecutive adult patients who presented to nine Italian emergency departments with haemoptysis as the primary complaint. PE diagnosis was ruled out in patients with a low pre-test probability in combination with a negative age-adjusted D-dimer (referred to as the “age-adjusted” D-dimer strategy), a negative computed tomography pulmonary angiography or when a clear alternative source of bleeding was identified, along with negative findings for venous thromboembolism during a 30-day follow-up.ResultsA total of 546 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of PE, including the 30-day follow-up, was 4.2% (95% CI 2.7–6.3%). The majority of these cases (78%) exhibited distal (segmental or subsegmental) emboli and there were no PE-related fatalities. The “age-adjusted” D-dimer strategy initially excluded PE in 24% of patients (95% CI 21–28%), with a failure rate of 0.8% (95% CI 0.0–4.1%). Retrospectively applied, the “clinical probability-adjusted” D-dimer strategies, specifically the YEARS and Pulmonary Embolism Graduated d-Dimer (PEGeD) algorithms, excluded PE in a significantly higher proportion (30% and 32%, respectively) compared with the “age-adjusted” D-dimer strategy (p<0.05 for both), with similar failure rates.ConclusionsPE is infrequent among patients presenting with haemoptysis, showing segmental or subsegmental emboli distribution. The “clinical probability-adjusted” D-dimer strategies seem to have significantly higher efficiency compared with the “age-adjusted” strategy.
The development of the Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire for chronic cough
Authors: Hirons Barnaby , Cho Peter S.P. , Krägeloh Chris , Siegert Richard J. , Turner Richard , Rhatigan Katherine , Kesavan Harini , Mackay Ewan , Won Ha-Kyeong , Kim Ju-Young , Song Woo-Jung , Birring Surinder S. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionChronic cough is considered a disorder of neuronal hypersensitivity in which patients frequently report abnormal laryngeal and chest sensations, and excessive triggers. To facilitate clinical assessment, we developed the Cough Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (CHQ).MethodsCandidate questionnaire items were developed following interviews with patients with refractory chronic cough (n=10, United Kingdom), and review by a multidisciplinary team. The CHQ was evaluated in individuals with chronic cough (n=535, UK/South Korea), for unidimensionality and differential item functioning (with Rasch analysis), internal consistency, concurrent validity (against cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS) and Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) scores), and content validity (cognitive debriefing interviews, n=13).ResultsConcept elicitation created a pool of 34 items. Eleven items were removed following multidisciplinary team review of patient interviews. Rasch analysis confirmed the CHQ total score to be a unidimensional scale; one item was removed due to differential item functioning. The final 22 binary-item CHQ comprises 6 sensation-related and 16 trigger-related items. Median (interquartile range) total CHQ scores were 9 (6–12); sensations 4 (2–5) and triggers 5 (3–8). Internal consistency was good (person separation index 0.74). The CHQ total score was moderately associated with cough severity VAS (0.42, p=0.005) and LCQ total score (ρ=−0.52, p<0.001). In cognitive debriefing, patients found that the CHQ was relevant to their condition and simple to complete.ConclusionThe CHQ is simple to use and has validity for assessing cough triggers and sensations in patients with chronic cough. Further studies are needed to assess its repeatability, responsiveness and clinical utility.
Stem cell therapy in diabetic men with erectile dysfunction: a 24-month follow-up of safety and efficacy of two intracavernous autologous bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells injections, an open label phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Al Demour Saddam , Adwan Sofia , Jafar Hanan , Alhawari Hussam , Awidi Abdalla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently we reported results of phase 1 pilot clinical trial of 2 consecutive intracavernous (IC) injection of autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for the first time in the treatment of diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction (DM-ED). In phase 2 of this study our aim is to evaluate long term safety and efficacy of IC injections of BM-MSC on additional eight patients with DM-ED.

Results
Each patient received 2 consecutive IC injections of BM-MSC and evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24-month time points. Primary outcome was the tolerability and safety of stem cells therapy (SCT), while the secondary outcome was improvement of erectile function (EF) as assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), Erection Hardness Score (EHS) questionnaires, and Color Duplex Doppler Ultrasound (CDDU). IC injections of BM-MSCs was safe and well-tolerated. Minor local and short-term adverse events related to the bone marrow aspiration and IC injections were observed and treated conservatively. There were significant improvement in mean IIEF-5, EHS, all over the follow-up time points in comparison to the baseline. At 24-month follow up there were significant decline in the mean IIEF-5, and EHS compared to the baseline. The mean basal and 20-min peak systolic velocity was significantly higher at 3-month after the IC injections compared to baseline.

Conclusions
This phase 2 clinical trial confirmed that IC injections of BM-MSC are safe and improve EF. The decline in EF over time suggests a need for assessing repeated injections.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02945462