bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing relationship marketing in the food service industry
Authors: Firdaus Abdullah , Kanyan Agnes 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propos a new measuring instrument for relationship marketing which is uniquely designed for the foodservice industry. In particular, the underlying dimensions of relationship marketing as perceived by customers are identified, and strategies for the enhancement of relationship marketing program are put forward.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed 31-item instrument has been empirically tested for unidimensionality, reliability and validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

Findings
– A factorial analysis suggests that relationship marketing is a multidimensional construct consisting of four key dimensions namely communication, trust, empathy and commitment.

Practical implications
– Communication emphasizes the necessity to communicate in understandable way; trust refers to the ability to inspire confidence; empathy stresses on the importance of exhibiting sympathy and reassurance; and commitment describes the desire to provide excellent service. A subsequent multiple regression analysis reveals that all the dimensions are positively correlated with customer loyalty and trust was the most important dimension.

Originality/value
– Building strong relationships with customers to gain competitive advantage and customer loyalty is crucial for survival and success in today's business environment. As competition is becoming more intense, customers are increasingly demanding and price sensitive. Although the relationship marketing discipline is relatively well researched, the measuring instrument is limited and practically non-existent in the foodservice industry.
Chloroquine interferes with dengue‐2 virus replication in U937 cells
Authors: Farias Kleber Juvenal Silva , Machado Paula Renata Lima , de Almeida Junior Renato Ferreira , de Aquino Ana Alice , da Fonseca Benedito Antônio Lopes 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the use of chloroquine (CLQ) as an antiviral agent against dengue. Chloroquine, an amine acidotropic drug known to affect intracellular exocytic pathways by increasing endosomal pH, was used in the in vitro treatment of U937 cells infected with dengue virus type 2 (DENV‐2). Viral replication was assessed by quantification of virus produced through detection of copy numbers of DENV‐2 RNA, plaque assay and indirect immunofluorescence. qRT‐PCR and plaque assays were used to quantify the DENV‐2 load in infected U937 cells after CLQ treatment. It was found that a dose of 50 μg/mL of CLQ was not toxic to the cells and resulted in significantly less virus production in infected U937 cells than occurred in untreated cells. In the present work, CLQ was effective against DENV‐2 replication in U937 cells, and also caused a statistically significant reduction in expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study indicates that CLQ may be used to reduce viral yield in U937 cells.
Temperature‐dependent variation in alternative migratory tactics and its implications for fitness and population dynamics in a salmonid fish
Authors: Morita Kentaro , Tamate Tsuyoshi , Kuroki Mari , Nagasawa Toru 
Published: April 2014

SummaryTemperature‐driven life‐history modifications by adaptation occur in ectotherms, and therefore, life‐history modifications by adaptation need to be taken into consideration when predicting population responses to the climate change.Partial migration is a common form of life‐history diversity in which a population contains both migratory and resident behaviours. Salmonid fish exhibit a wide range of life‐history diversity and, in particular, partial migration. We evaluated the effect of temperature‐driven life‐history modifications on population dynamics in partially migratory masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) by field observations and theoretical models.Field observations revealed that spatial patterns of alternative migratory tactics were associated with temperature gradients. The occurrence of resident males increased, whereas the proportion of migrant males and the proportion of delayed migrants including both sexes decreased with increasing temperature and, thereby, with improved early growth conditions.The expected fitness for each migratory tactic was computed in a life‐history model with early growth conditions as a function. Individual fitness was maximized by adopting resident tactics under favourable early growth conditions, early migrant tactics under intermediate early growth conditions and delayed migrant tactics under unfavourable early growth conditions. The results suggest that individuals exhibited a status‐dependent conditional strategy, that is, the adoption of alternative migratory tactics is influenced by the status of individuals to make the best of a situation.A simulation model suggests that increased residency by males to increased temperature leads to a substantial decrease in the number of migrants. Moreover, the decrease in the number of delayed (older) migrants with increasing temperature magnified fluctuations in abundance. Our findings indicate the importance of temperature‐driven life‐history modifications for predicting dynamics of natural populations under climate warming.
Forest structure drives global diversity of primates
Authors: Gouveia Sidney F. , Villalobos Fabricio , Dobrovolski Ricardo , Beltrão‐Mendes Raone , Ferrari Stephen F. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryGeographic gradients in the species richness of non‐human primates have traditionally been attributed to the variation in forest productivity (related to precipitation levels), although an all‐inclusive, global‐scale analysis has never been conducted.We perform a more comprehensive test on the role of precipitation and biomass production and propose an alternative hypothesis – the variation in vertical structure of forest habitats as measured by forest canopy height – in determining primate species richness on a global scale.Considering the potential causal relationships among precipitation, productivity and forest structure, we arranged these variables within a path framework to assess their direct and indirect associations with the pattern of primate species richness using structural equation modelling. The analysis also accounted for the influence of spatial autocorrelation in the relationships and assessed possible historical differences among biogeographical regions.The path coefficients indicate that forest canopy height (used as a proxy for vertical forest structure) is a better predictor of primate species richness than either precipitation or productivity on both global and continental scales. The only exception was Asia, where precipitation prevailed, albeit independently from productivity or forest structure. The influence of spatially structured processes varied markedly among biogeographical regions.Our results challenge the traditional rainfall‐based viewpoint in favour of forest distribution and structure as primary drivers of primate species richness, which aggregate potential effects from both climatic factors and habitat complexity. These findings may support predictions of the impact of forest removal on primate species richness.
Using filter‐based community assembly models to improve restoration outcomes
Authors: Hulvey Kristin B. , Aigner Paul A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryEcological filter models derived from community assembly theory can inform restoration planning by highlighting management actions most likely to affect community composition. Despite growing interest in these models, many restoration studies solely manipulate a single assembly filter – the biotic filter by altering interspecific competition – while ignoring abiotic and dispersal filters that may also influence restoration success.To examine how manipulating all three assembly filters (biotic, abiotic, dispersal) affected restoration in an annual‐type grassland, we seeded native forbs from the same functional group as a target invader to increase biotic resistance to invasion (biotic filter), cut standing biomass and either removed it or returned it to plots as litter to alter light conditions (abiotic filter), and added native forbs at different seeding rates to alter density of establishing native populations (dispersal filter). We measured grassland restoration success by recording native species and invader cover in plots.The addition of native species with phenological and morphological traits similar to the target invader reduced invasion and increased native populations, but only in litter‐free plots when high densities of native seed were added.Seeding two species with functional traits similar to the invader was more effective for achieving restoration goals than seeding just one functionally similar species. As such, trait differences among restoration species, even species belonging to the same functional group, may increase biotic resistance to invasion in restored communities.Litter removal altered native–invader interactions. When litter was left on the plots, added natives did not reduce invader cover. However, when litter was removed, added natives led to declines in invader cover.Increasing native seeding rates led to larger native populations and increased invasion resistance.Synthesis and applications. In this study, simultaneously manipulating biotic, abiotic and dispersal filters was necessary to optimize grassland restoration outcomes. In particular, the biotic filter only contributed to successful restoration outcomes under abiotic and dispersal conditions that were created through management actions specifically targeting these two additional filters. Restoration planning based on filter models should incorporate actions that target all three assembly filters, rather than solely focusing on the biotic filter.
Classic paradigms in a novel environment: inserting food web and productivity lessons from rocky shores and saltmarshes into biogenic reef restoration
Authors: Fodrie F. Joel , Rodriguez Antonio B. , Baillie Christopher J. , Brodeur Michelle C. , Coleman Sara E. , Gittman Rachel K. , Keller Danielle A. , Kenworthy Matthew D. , Poray Abigail K. , Ridge Justin T. , Theuerkauf Ethan J. , Lindquist Niels. L. 
Published: April 2014

Summary

Gradients in competition and predation that regulate communities should guide biogenic habitat restoration, while restoration ecology provides opportunities to address fundamental questions regarding food web dynamics via large‐scale field manipulations.

We restored oyster reefs across an aerial exposure gradient (shallow‐subtidal‐to‐mid‐intertidal) to explore how vertical gradients in natural settlement, growth and interspecific interactions affected the trajectory of man‐made shellfish reefs.

We recorded nearly an order‐of‐magnitude higher oyster settlement on the deepest (subtidal) reefs, but within a year abundance patterns reversed, and oyster densities were ultimately highest on the shallowest (intertidal) reefs by over an order‐of‐magnitude.

This reversal was due to (i) significantly elevated survivorship on intertidal reefs and (ii) larger surviving oysters on intertidal reefs. These patterns are likely to have developed from greater levels of biofouling and predator abundance (e.g. stone crabs, gastropods) on deeper reefs where aerial exposure was <5% of the monthly tidal cycle.

Synthesis and applications. The success of restoration initiatives involving habitat‐forming species can be enhanced by accounting for the biotic interactions that regulate population fitness. In littoral systems, vertical gradients in predation, competition and disturbance can be exploited to guide restoration of vegetated (e.g. mangrove, seagrass) or biogenic reef habitats. In particular, our results demonstrate that paradigms of vertical zonation learned from the rocky intertidal and saltmarshes also describe the fate of restored shellfish reefs. As with rocky shores, the lower vertical limit of adult oyster distribution in our study system was most likely driven by predatory and competitive (i.e. smothering) interactions, with a threshold depth at c. 5% daily aerial exposure. Below this depth, experimentally restored reefs failed completely. As with Spartina saltmarsh, accumulation of oyster biomass was greatest at an intermediate vertical position relative to mean sea level (i.e. mid‐to‐low intertidal). Our developing model proscribes a vertical ‘hot spot’ for restoration efforts to maximize biogenic reef fitness and production.
Stochastic Regional Convergence in China: The Role of Regional Clusters in a Nonlinear Perspective (1952–2007)
Authors: Herrerias Maria Jesus , Ordóñez Javier 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the notion of stochastic convergence behaviour across the Chinese provinces. Unlike previous works, the present paper takes into account the economic geography by examining the regional clusters and the significant transformation of the Chinese economy through the introduction of structural breaks and nonlinearities in the model. Results indicate that the regional clusters are relevant to the convergence behaviour across China, when both the administrative division and the regional clusters are considered. However, the number of provinces that are converging is higher in the latter case. When nonlinearities were considered across the regional clusters, we found that 18 provinces have already converged with their cluster, 3 provinces are catching up and 10 regions show divergence. These findings are useful for the design and development of national and regional economic policies in the Chinese economy.
From Public Familiarity to Comfort Zone: The Relevance of Absent Ties for Belonging in Berlin's Mixed Neighbourhoods
Authors: Blokland Talja , Nast Julia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSegregation along lines of race/ethnicity and class has created multi‐ethnic and rather class‐homogeneous neighbourhoods in various European cities, commonly labelled as ‘disadvantaged’. Such neighbourhoods are often seen as ‘lacking’ community, as local networks are crucial for belonging and mixed neighbourhoods are too diverse to provide homogeneous identifications. However, in contrast to the understandings of the sociology of community, people might still experience ‘belonging’, yet in different ways. This article argues that we have to focus on the under‐researched ‘time in‐between’ (Byrne, 1978), the absent ties that Granovetter (1973) pointed to, to understand belonging, while moving away from a conception of the anonymous city and from the urban village. This article explores how absent ties affect belonging by empirically sustaining the notion of public familiarity: both recognizing and being recognized in local spaces. Using regression models on survey data from two mixed neighbourhoods in Berlin, Germany, we analyse the importance of neighbourhood use for public familiarity as well as how it relates to residents' comfort zone: people's feeling of belonging and their sense that others would intervene on their behalf. Our findings indicate that research on neighbourhoods could benefit greatly from a careful consideration of the ‘time in‐between’.
Snow craneflies of the Genus Chionea Dalman (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea
Authors: Suh Sang Jae , Kwon Jin Hyung , Kwon Yong Jung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Korean snow cranefly genus Chionea Dalman is reviewed taxonomically. Four species are identified: C. crassipes Boheman, C. kanenoi Sasakawa, C. mirabilis Vanin and C. deogyusana sp. nov. Among them, C. deogyusana sp. nov. is new to science, and C. kanenoi is reported for the first time in Korea. A key to Korean species and photographs of external features are given.
Stereotactic radiotherapy using tomotherapy for early‐stage non‐small cell lung carcinoma: Analysis of intrafraction tumour motion
Authors: Boggs Drexell Hunter , Feigenberg Steven , Walter Robert , Wissing Dennis , Patel Bijal , Wu Terry , Rosen Lane 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionIntrafraction tumour motion in helical tomotherapy was investigated by comparing pre‐ and mid‐fraction CT scans in patients with early non‐small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) to assess the efficacy of a 7‐mm margin around gross tumour volumes (GTVs) in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).MethodsThirty patients with early‐stage NSCLC received SBRT in four or five fractions for a total of 141 treatments. A slow positron emission tomography/CT scan was fused with the simulation CT to determine the GTV. A planning target volume was created by placing an isotropic margin of 7 mm around the GTV. Data were retrospectively analyzed to assess translational tumour positional changes along the x, y and z axes and vector changes in millimeters from the pretreatment megavoltage (MV)‐CT to the mid‐fraction MV‐CT.ResultsAverage movements for all 141 treatment days along the x, y and z axes were 0.5 ± 2.3, −0.3 ± 3.0 and 0.9 ± 3.0 mm, respectively. Average movements for each patient along the x, y and z axes were 0.5 ± 1.5, −0.2 ± 2.0 and 0.9 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. Average vector displacement was 4.3 ± 2.4 mm for all treatment days and 4.2 ± 1.7 mm for each patient. Of 141 treatments, 137 (97.2%) fell within 7.0 mm in all axes.ConclusionThe addition of a 7‐mm margin to the GTV for patients receiving SBRT for NSCLC using tomotherapy is adequate to account for tumour movement. Mid‐fraction CT scans proved to be valuable in assessing intrafraction tumour motion.
Rare case of acute dengue encephalitis with correlated MRI findings
Authors: Mathew Rishi Philip , Basti Ram Shenoy , Hegde Pavan , Devdas Jaidev M , Khan Habeeb Ullah , Bukelo Mario Joseph 
Published: April 2014

SummaryDengue encephalitis is extremely rare, with most patients showing no significant abnormality on neuroimaging (CT/MRI). We report one of the very few documented cases of dengue encephalitis, with abnormal signal intensities on all major sequences on brain MRI.
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Eysteinsson Thor , Hardarson Sveinn H. , Bragason David , Stefánsson Einar 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo assess retinal vessel oxygen saturation and retinal vessel diameter in retinitis pigmentosa.MethodsA retinal oximeter (Oxymap ehf., Reykjavik, Iceland) was used to measure retinal vessel oxygen saturation and vessel diameter in ten patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (mean age 49 years, range 23–71 years). Results were compared with age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals. All patients had advanced stage of the disease with visual fields restricted to the macular region.ResultsOxygen saturation in retinal venules was 58.0 ± 6.2% in patients with RP and 53.4 ± 4.8% in healthy subjects (p = 0.017). Oxygen saturation in retinal arterioles was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.65). The mean diameter of retinal arterioles was 8.9 ± 1.6 pixels in patients with RP and 11.4 ± 1.2 in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). The corresponding diameters for venules were 10.1 ± 1.2 (RP) and 15.3 ± 1.7 (healthy, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIncreased venous saturation and decreased retinal vessel diameter suggest decreased oxygen delivery from the retinal circulation in retinitis pigmentosa. This is probably secondary to tissue atrophy and reduced oxygen consumption.
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation and its correlation with structural changes in retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Türksever Cengiz , Valmaggia Christophe , Orgül Selim , Schorderet Daniel F. , Flammer Josef , Todorova Margarita G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo study the influence of retinal structural changes on oxygen saturation in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients.MethodsOximetry measurements were performed on 21 eyes of 11 RP patients and compared to 24 eyes of 12 controls. Retinal oxygen saturation was measured in all major retinal arterioles (A‐SO2) and venules (V‐SO2) with an oximetry unit of the retinal vessel analyser (IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). Oximetry data were compared with morphological changes measured by Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA, macular thickness protocol).ResultsIn RP patients, the retinal A‐SO2 and V‐SO2 levels were higher at 99.3% (p = 0.001, anova based on mixed‐effects model) and 66.8% (p < 0.001), respectively, and the difference between the two (A‐V SO2) was lower at 32.5% (p < 0.001), when compared to the control group (92.4%; 54.0%; 38.4%, respectively). With the RP group, the A‐V SO2 correlated positively, not only with central macular thickness, but also with retinal thickness, in zones 2 and 3 (p = 0.006, p = 0.007, p = 0.014).ConclusionThese data indicate that oxygen metabolism was altered in RP patients. Based on our preliminary results, retinal vessel saturation correlated with structural alterations in RP. This method could be valuable in monitoring disease progression and evaluating a potential therapeutic response.
Autorefraction versus subjective refraction in a radially asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens
Authors: van der Linden Jan Willem , Vrijman Violette , El‐Saady Rana , van der Meulen Ivanka J. , Mourits Maarten P. , Lapid‐Gortzak Ruth 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether the automated refraction (AR) correlates with subjective manifest (MR) refraction in eyes implanted with radially asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOLs).MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated 52 eyes (52 patients) implanted with a radially asymmetric multifocal IOL (LS‐312 MF30, Oculentis, Germany). At 3 months postoperatively, the AR and MR values were compared to determine the correlation between the sphere (S), the spherical equivalent (SE) and the astigmatic components J0 and J45.ResultsThe difference of mean spherical measurement was +0.98D ± 0.62, with the AR measuring more myopic. The difference of the mean spherical equivalent was +1.11D ± 0.57, again with AR being more myopic. Both these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The astigmatic components showed less differences, with the mean difference of the J0 being −0.09D ± 0.43, and the J45 of +0.04D ± 0.47, which were both not statistically significant (p = 0.123 and p = 0.531, respectively). Correlation analysis of the refractive parameters showed r2 = 0.067, r2 = 0.078, r2 = 0.018 and r2 = 0.015, respectively, all of which point to a low correlation between the AR and the MR.ConclusionAutorefraction shows poor correlation to manifest subjective refraction with these radially asymmetric multifocal IOLs. The autorefraction systematically underestimates the spherical and spherical equivalent power, while the correlation between the astigmatic components was also low. Autorefraction seems not a valid starting point for manifest subjective refraction with these types of lenses, unless a corrective factor of about +1 dioptre is used.