bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Field-Proven Effectiveness of Self-degrading Diversion Particulates as a Diversion Method in High- and Ultra-Low-Permeability Formations
Authors: Gutierrez Guillermo , Araujo Oscar , Medina Eber 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The optimization of stimulation treatments in Mexico has required the use of novel diversion technologies to increase the productivity of wells by improving the coverage of stimulation fluids and reducing completion costs. Self-degrading particulate has become widely used in the country because of the diverter flexibility. Job experiences range from hydraulically fracturing unconventional reservoirs to the matrix acidizing of naturally fractured carbonate formations. The purpose of this paper is to verify the effectiveness of this material for achieving the selective stimulation of multiple intervals, either in horizontal or vertical wells.
Because there is no confidence in a complete stimulation of all open intervals, diagnostic techniques have been implemented to determine the effectiveness of diversions. For near-wellbore (NWB) monitoring, technologies such as radioactive tracers and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) have been used to determine treatment fluid locations after the application or in real-time. Downhole microseismic monitoring has been performed for far-field indications of diversion success in hydraulic fractures of vertical wells with multiple intervals open at the same time. This paper discusses four wells from the north, central, and south regions in Mexico. All of them have completely different reservoir properties and completion types.
Improved production increase was the main difference between wells where diversion with self-degrading particulate diverters was used compared to those that were not treated with diverters; a production increase from 30 to 70% was achieved. Completion time was reduced with the implementation of the novel self-degrading particulates vs. other possible methods, allowing faster return of investment (ROI). Real-time decision making could be performed using both a diverter and monitoring techniques to assure a uniform treatment placement. Another differentiator was the simple logistics required to handle the material compared to other additives employed in the past. Because of the performance of the diverter, it has been applied in more reservoirs with extremely variable permeabilities across the country (tight gas and oil sandstones, gas and oil shales, and naturally fractured oil-bearing carbonates).
Downhole temperature is the main controlling factor to accelerate or retard the degradation of the particulate, as it must take into account that in cooler formations, longer times are required to achieve complete degradation. Its independence of the wellbore geometry has increased the implementation in openhole and cased-hole completions, despite the final shape of the perforations.
Big Data as Complementary Audit Evidence
Authors: Yoon Kyunghee , Hoogduin Lucas , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2015

SYNOPSIS
In this paper we argue for the use of Big Data as complementary audit evidence. We evaluate the applicability of Big Data using the audit evidence criteria framework and provide cost-benefit analysis for sufficiency, reliability, and relevance considerations. Critical challenges, including integration with traditional audit evidence, information transfer issues, and information privacy protection, are discussed and possible solutions are provided.
In vitro evaluation of microbial contamination of orthodontic brackets as received from the manufacturer using microbiological and molecular tests
Authors: dos Santos Gerzson Darlene R. , Simon Daniel , dos Anjos Aline Lima , Freitas Maria Perpétua Mota 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To test the null hypothesis that orthodontic brackets as supplied by manufacturers do not have microbial contamination.

Materials and Methods:
The sample comprised 140 brackets of four different commercially available brands, used directly from the manufacturer's packaging, divided into 14 groups (n  =  10 brackets each). Of the 140 pieces, 60 were full cases and 80 were replacement brackets. Materials were tested to detect bacterial growth, analyze types of bacteria present (biochemical test), and identify bacteria (molecular test with polymerase chain reaction [PCR]).

Results:
In two of 12 groups the brackets showed microbial contamination: group 1, Morelli full case brackets, and group 12, Abzil-3M Unitek replacement brackets. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were the bacteria identified in groups 1 and 12, respectively (suggested by the biochemical test and confirmed by PCR).

Conclusions:
Brackets of two brands (Morelli and Abzil-3M Unitek) were found to be contaminated by bacteria in the original packages supplied by the manufacturers, which suggests a risk for patient contamination. These data suggest that the manufacturers of these materials should improve the quality control of the packaging used, including sterilization, for the security of patient health.
Mapping of polar fox renal cortex proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry – a preliminary study
Authors: Ciechanowicz A.K. , Ożgo M. , Stański Ł.R. , Herosimczyk A. , Piotrowska A. , Szymeczko R. , Laszczyńska M. , Skrzypczak W.F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish protein map of polar fox (Alopex lagopus) renal cortex. Kidney cortex proteins of isoelectric point ranging from 3 to 10 were analysed using two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Sixteen protein spots corresponding to thirteen different gene products were identified. These proteins were divided into following groups: lipid and fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, energetic pathways, regulatory proteins, transport proteins and structural proteins. This is the first attempt to create reproducible 2-D map, of renal cortex proteins characteristic for polar foxes, used as animal model for carnivores. It is worth emphasizing that the results of this study may broaden currently available protein databases
Quantitative PCR High-Resolution Melting (qPCR-HRM) curve analysis, a new approach to rapid detection and differentiation of bovine papillomavirus detected in equine sarcoids
Authors: Szczerba-Turek A. , Bancerz-Kisiel A. , Lipczyńska K. , Siemionek J. , Raś A. , Platt-Samoraj A. , Szweda W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel diagnostic scheme which combines quantitative PCR and High-Resolution Melting (qPCR-HRM) curve analysis for rapid differentiation based on E5 partial CDS of bovine papillomavirus type 1 or 2 (BPV-1 or BPV-2), and to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the complete CDS of the E5 gene of BPV detected in equine sarcoids. Samples of 38 skin lesions obtained from 27 horses were collected for molecular examinations. All lesions were clinically diagnosed as sarcoids, but results of histopathological examinations did not always corroborate the clinical diagnosis. Although all the samples were positive for the presence of BPV DNA, after qPCR-HRM analysis 6 (16%) specimens were recognized as BPV-1 “wild”, 24 (63%) as BPV-1 “European” and 8 (21%) as a “variant” of BPV E5 ORF partial CDS. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of E2 ORF partial CDS and E5 ORF complete CDS was conducted on 7 specimens, whose sequences were published in GenBank and recognized as: 2PL (Accession Number - Acc. No. KC684939) - “variant” BPV-1, 7aPL (Acc. No. KC684940) - “European” BPV-1, 10PL (Acc. No. KC693480) - “variant” BPV-1, 16PL (Acc. No. KC693484) - “variant” BPV-2, 17PL (Acc. No. KC693481) - “variant” BPV-1, 20aPL (Acc. No. KC693482) - “European” BPV-1 and 20cPL (Acc. No. KC693483) - “wild” BPV-1. Amino acid (aa) sequences of E5 ORF complete CDS were also analyzed. The E5 variant of aa sequences found in isolate 10PL (protein identification - ID: AGM 20700) is a novel variant of E5 ORF complete CDS of BPV-1 detected in equine sarcoid in Poland
Seasonal-dependent variations in metabolic status of spermatozoa and antioxidant enzyme activity in the reproductive tract fluids of wild boar/domestic pig hybrids
Authors: Dziekońska A. , Fraser L. , Koziorowska-Gilun M. , Strzeżek J. , Koziorowski M. , Kordan W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study investigated seasonal changes in the metabolic performance of spermatozoa and activity of the antioxidant enzymes in the seminal plasma of three wild boar/domestic pigs (aged 1.5 to 2.5 years) and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in fluids of the cauda epididymidis and vesicular glands from 16 wild boar/domestic pig hybrids (aged 1 to 3 years). Parameters of the sperm metabolic activity, such as total motility, mitochondrial functions, and measurements of oxygen uptake, ATP content and L-lactate production, were analyzed during the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods. Besides these sperm metabolic parameters, the sperm membrane integrity was also assessed. Total protein content and activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were measured in the reproductive tract fluids. There were no marked significant differences (P > 0.05) between the seasonal periods in terms of sperm motility, mitochondrial function and oxygen uptake; however, spermatozoa collected during the autumn-winter period exhibited higher (P < 0.05) ATP content and L-lactate production than those harvested during the spring-summer period. It was found that the vesicular gland fluid exhibited a higher level of SOD activity during the spring-summer period compared with the autumn-winter period. Furthermore, CAT activity in the seminal plasma and vesicular gland fluid was greater during the autumn-winter. Total protein content was significantly higher in the vesicular gland fluid, whereas the cauda epididymidal fluid exhibited greater SOD and GPx activities, irrespective of the seasonal period. The findings of this study confirmed seasonal-related differences in the metabolic performance of spermatozoa and activity of antioxidant enzymes of the reproductive tract of the boar/domestic pig hybrids
Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Bancerz-Kisiel A. , Szczerba-Turek A. , Platt-Samoraj A. , Socha P. , Szweda W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFree-living animals are an important environmental reservoir of pathogens dangerous for other animal species and humans. One of those is Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis - foodborne, enzootic disease, significant for public health. The purpose of the study was to identify bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) obtained during the 2010/2011 hunting season in north-eastern Poland. From among 48 rectal swabs obtained from 24 roe deer, two strains of Y. enterocolitica from one animal were isolated. Although both belonged to biotype 1A they were identified as different serotypes. The strain obtained from cold culture (PSB) belonged to serotype O:5, while the strain isolated from warm culture (ITC) was regarded as nonidentified (NI), what may suggest mixed infection in that animal. The presence of ystB gene, coding for YstB enterotoxin, directly related to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity was detected in both strains using triplex PCR. The effect of the examination of 32 swabs obtained from 16 red deer was the isolation of two Y. enterocolitica strains from two different animals. Both belonged to biotype 1A with NI serotype, but were originated from different types of culture. They gave positive results in case of products of a size corresponding to the ystB gene. No amplicons corresponding to ail and ystA genes were found. Roe deer and red deer may carry and shed Y. enterocolitica, what seems to be important in aspect of an environmental reservoir of this pathogen. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from wild ruminants had the amplicons of the ystB gene, what suggest they can be potential source of Y. enterocolitica infection for humans
Clinical observations on the course of oxytocinor prostaglandin E2/oxytocin-induced parturition in mares
Authors: Witkowski M. , Pawłowski K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the course of parturitions induced with sole oxytocin with those induced with the combination of intracervical prostaglandin E2 jelly and oxytocin. For this purpose 13 mares in advanced pregnancy were allocated to the groups pretreated with either intracervical PGE2 (experimental group) or saline (control group) two hours before intravenous oxytocin (5 IU) administration. The mares were compared with respect to cervical dilation diameter (CDD) 20 min. after oxytocin injection. Time intervals from the first oxytocin dose to: the first external signs of parturition, the chorioallantois rupture, the delivery of a foal and time interval from the delivery of a foal to the placenta separation were measured.
Cervical dilatation diameter as well as proportion of mares with cervical dilatation > 20 cm were significantly higher in the group of PGE2 treated mares comparing with control group (p = 0.0115 and p = 0.0490, respectively). All time intervals measured were statistically insignificant for both groups of mares, however time intervals from the first oxytocin dose to the first external signs of parturition, to the allantochorion rupture and to the delivery of a foal, were very close to the significance level (α = 0.05).
To conclude, PGE/oxytocin combination has positive influence on the preparation of the uterine cervix to parturition. Moreover, it seems that PGE2 pretreatment reduced total oxytocin dose for successful parturition induction and shortened time elapsing between the first oxytocin dose and the delivery of a foal what is crucial for foal’s safety
Trueperella pyogenes infections in swine: clinical course and pathology
Authors: Jarosz Ł.S. , Grądzki Z. , Kalinowski M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrueperella pyogenes is an opportunistic pathogen causing purulent infections in pigs and other animal species. T. pyogenes infections in pigs are local and/or generalized depending on the immune status of the animals, their individual susceptibility and environmental factors. The occurrence of these infections on pig farms causes substantial economic losses in breeding and rearing. In sows from the breeding herd, the disease leads to infertility, embryonic death, abortion, and disorders of the menstrual cycle and lactation. Mastitis is the major cause of losses in piglets. Disorders of the musculoskeletal system, including inflammatory polyarthritis, fractures and degenerative joint disease results in the culling of animals with high breeding value. In other technological groups, multi-organ inflammations and movement disorders dominate, leading to a reduction of the slaughter value and elimination of pigs from breeding. Understanding of the clinical and pathological aspects of T. pyogenes infections in pigs will enable the development of effective methods of combating this disease on pig farms
Use of biochemical markers to evaluate the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen from the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus)
Authors: Stasiak K. , Glogowski J. , Demianowicz W. , Kowalski R. , Nowak-Tkaczyk A. , Janicki B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to use biochemical markers to evaluate the quality of fresh and cryopreserved semen from the arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus). Twenty-three manually collected ejaculates were analysed for the main indicators of semen quality (sperm concentration and ejaculate volume). Sperm motility and percentage of morphologically normal and abnormal spermatozoa were determined according to the stage of cryopreservation (fresh - measurement A; equilibrated - measurement B; frozen/thawed - measurement C). Furthermore, the seminal plasma and supernatants were analysed after equilibration and freeze/thawing for the activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (AcP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), and for the activity of acrosin inhibitors (AP). The mean concentration of sperm was 625.1 million/cm3, and ejaculate volume averaged 1.6 cm3. Seminal plasma was characterized by the highest activity of alkaline phosphatase (3.43×103 U/l) and lowest activity of acrosin inhibitors (4.55×103 U/l). After equilibration, the supernatants showed the highest activity of acid phosphatase (94.9 U/l) and after freeze-thawing, they showed a high activity of lactate dehydrogenase (535.8 U/l) and aspartate aminotransferase (577.1 U/l), which indicates that these proteins had leaked from spermatozoa into the extracellular medium during the biotechnique of semen cryopreservation. In addition, several significant relationships were found between some indicators of semen quality and plasma and/or supernatant enzyme activity.
Comparison of flunixin meglumine and meloxicam influence on postoperative and oxidative stress in ovariohysterectomized bitches
Authors: Yilmaz O. , Korkmaz M. , Jaroszewski J. J. , Yazici E. , Ulutas E. , Saritas Z. K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) and meloxicam (M) on postoperative and oxidative stress in ovariohysterectomized bitches. Twenty four bitches were divided into three groups (n=8 in each) and treated during premedication as follows: FM (2.2 mg/kg, iv, Fluvil, Vilsan, Turkey), M (0.2 mg/kg, sc, Maxicam, Sanovel, Turkey) or 0.9% saline (1 ml, iv, IE, Turkey) - control (C) group. The concentrations of serum cortisol, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant potential (AOP) and glutation (GSH) were measured in blood samples collected during incision (0 h), closure of incision line (0.5 h) and 1, 2.5, 12 and 24 hours after incision. It was observed that cortisol level was higher at 0.5, 1 and 2.5 h in group C (p < 0.05), 0.5 h in group FM (p < 0.001), and 1 and 2.5 h in group M (p < 0.01), as compared to that determine at 0 h. Group C showed higher cortisol level during 0.5 h (p < 0.05) than that found in the other groups. Group FM displayed lower levels during 1 h (p < 0.01) and 2.5 h (p < 0.05) as compared to those observed in other groups. Concentrations of MDA, AOP and GSH between all the groups did not show any significant differences. MDA level was higher at 0.5 and 1 h in groupM (p < 0.05) than that found in group C and it was the lowest at 2.5 h in group C (p < 0.05). AOP was higher at 2.5 h in group FM and M (p < 0.05) than that observed in group C, and at 12 and 24 h in group M than that found in group C and FM. GSH did not show any significant differences between the groups. NO level in group FM after 12 h was higher (p < 0.05) than that at 0.5, 1 and 24 h. Moreover, NO level was lower at 0.5 (p < 0.01), 1 (p < 0.05) and 24 h (p < 0.05) in group FM than that observed in group C and M. In conclusion, flunixin meglumine decreases cortisol and NO levels more efficiently than meloxicam. Therefore, it is suggested that postoperative stress following ovariohysterectomy may be prevented by flunixin meglumine in bitches.
Commercial metal-based nanocolloids – lack of virucidal activity against ECBO virus
Authors: Małaczewska J. , Siwicki A. K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles, mainly silver ones, have been widely used as antibacterial agents, and some studies shown they also exert direct antiviral activity against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. The objective of this study has been to evaluate the virucidal activity of commercial silver, gold, copper and platinum nanocolloids, recommended by the manufacturer as antimicrobials, against the ECBO virus, according to Polish Standard PN-EN 14675:2006. The highest experimentally observed decrease in the viral load was 0.875 log, which - when contrasted with the reduction in virus titre of at least 4 log expected from disinfectants - indicates that none of the analyzed nanocolloids had a disinfectant power towards the ECBO virus under the conditions defined by the standard.
Prostaglandin E2 inhibits IL-10 production by bovine CD4+ T cells
Authors: Zuśka-Prot M. , Maślanka T. , Jasiecka A. , Jaroszewski J. J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Although prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a pro-inflammatory mediator, it also produces some effect which is anti-inflammatory in character. It is suggested that one of the mechanisms responsible for the latter effect is the increased synthesis of IL-10. The aim of this study has been to determine the influence of PGE2 on IL-10 production by bovine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells. With this aim, peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from 12-month-old heifers (n = 10) were treated without or with PGE2 (10-6 M). Flow cytometric analysis showed that PGE2 caused a reduction in the percentage of IL-10 producing CD4+ T cells (P < 0.001), while leaving the secretion of this cytokine by CD8+ T cells and NK cells unaffected. This seems to indicate that PGE2 in cattle does not produce an anti-inflammatory effect by increasing the synthesis of IL-10; contrary to this, it may aggravate an inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretion of this cytokine by CD4+ T cells.
Prevalence and distribution of Dirofilaria repens Railliet et Henry, 1911 in dogs in Poland
Authors: Demiaszkiewicz A. W. , Polańczyk G. , Osińska B. , Pyziel A. M. , Kuligowska I. , Lachowicz J. , Sikorski A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In 2011-2013 1588 samples of dogs’ blood were examined for dirofilariosis using Knott method, as well as the Kingston and Morton method. The species of microfilariae was determined on the basis of morphometric characteristics. Samples were also examined using the Canine Heartworm Antigen Test. Positive samples were examined using a multiplex PCR assay for species confirmation. Microfilariae belonging to the species D. repens were found in the blood samples of dogs from all the provinces of Poland. The mean prevalence of this species observed in Poland was 11.7%. The range of intensity of infection was counted using the number of microfilariae found in 60 μl of blood amounted to between 1 and 158, and the mean intensity was 18 microfilariae. Microfilariae and antigens of D. immitis were not found in any examined blood samples.
Single nucleotide polymorphism within arylsulfatase D gene (ARSD) is associated with selected kinematic parameters of sperm motility in Holstein-Friesian bulls
Authors: Hering D. , Lecewicz M. , Kordan W. , Kaminski S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to find out whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within arylsulfatase D (ARSD) gene is associated with kinematic parameters of sperm motility in Holstein- Friesian bulls. 367 Holstein-Friesian bulls kept in one AI center were included in the study. Point mutation C/T at position 139037255 on chromosome X (rs42207167) was identified by PCR-RFLP method (Pflm I). Significant associations were found between ARSD genotypes and CASA-derived sperm motility parameters: average TM (Total Motility), average VSL (Straight Velocity), average VCL (Curvilinear Velocity) and for fraction of sperms showing progressive motility (a) of sperms (VSLa, VCLa and BCFa -Beat Cross Frequency). Most significant differences were observed between alternative homozygotes (CC vs TT). Our results suggest new role of arylsulfatase D gene as being involved in sperm motility.