bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained deficit irrigation affects the colour and phytochemical characteristics of pomegranate juice
Authors: Mena Pedro , Galindo Alejandro , Collado‐González Jacinta , Ondoño Sara , García‐Viguera Cristina , Ferreres Federico , Torrecillas Arturo , Gil‐Izquierdo Angel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDNo information exists on the consequences of water stress on the pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) tree in terms of the quality and health/nutritional properties of its juice. In this study the influence of two different sustained deficit irrigation treatments on the colour, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compound, total anthocyanin, punicalagin and ellagic acid contents of pomegranate juice was assessed.RESULTSControl plants were irrigated at 75% ETo (crop reference evapotranspiration) in order to ensure non‐limiting soil water conditions, while others were subjected to sustained deficit irrigation at 43 and 12% ETo throughout the experimental period. Both moderate (43%) and severe (12%) water stress treatments led to pomegranate juices with a more yellowish colour, lower antioxidant activity and lower total phenolic compound, punicalagin and total anthocyanin contents than those from control plants.CONCLUSIONPomegranate juice from trees under sustained deficit irrigation was of lower quality and less healthful than that from trees without water stress. From a nutritional point of view, this means that a reduction in irrigation provides a dramatic decrease in bioactive phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins and punicalagin, and consequently a lower visual attraction of the juice owing to the weak red colour of the fruit. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality analysis of commercial fish oil preparations
Authors: Ritter Jenna C Sullivan , Budge Suzanne M , Jovica Fabiola 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDFish oil supplements have grown in popularity in recent years owing to their multiple health benefits, leading to rapid growth in the number of fish oil supplements available for consumers. When choosing a product, it is important that label claims for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are met, especially when a specific dosage is required. In this study the amounts of EPA and DHA in 16 of the top‐selling liquid fish oil products from the American marketplace were analysed and compared with their label claims. Peroxide value, a measure of oxidation, was also determined, along with lipid class.RESULTSThis study found that over half of the supplements did not meet their label claims for EPA and DHA, and a quarter exceeded recommended limits for peroxide value.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that more stringent regulation is required for fish oil products. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Soil threshold values of total and available cadmium for vegetable growing based on field data in Guangdong province, South China
Authors: Sun Fang Fang , Wang Fu Hua , Wang Xu , He Wu , Wen Dian , Wang Qi Feng , Liu Xiang Xiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman exposure to cadmium (Cd) is largely attributed to consumption of vegetables grown in polluted soils. In China, guidelines set for Cd in soils are uniform for different crops and diverse soil types, but not risk based. A high‐density sampling of 711 paired soil and vegetables was carried out across Guangdong, South China. We aimed to model the transfer of Cd from soil to leafy, rootstalk and fruit vegetables, and to set regional guidelines of Cd [total and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) ‐extractable] in soil for vegetable safe production.RESULTSBoth total and DTPA‐extractable Cd concentrations in soil were good predictors for Cd in vegetables. The transfer of Cd in soil to vegetables could be estimated by nonlinear models, with better fit when using DTPA‐extractable Cd than total Cd in soil. The calculated thresholds of soil total Cd were 2.42, 0.94 and 1.57 mg kg−1 whereas those of soil DTPA‐extractable Cd were 1.08, 0.33 and 0.63 mg kg−1 for leafy, rootstalk and fruit vegetable fields in Guangdong, respectively, all higher than the national soil Cd threshold.CONCLUSIONCadmium‐contaminated risk for vegetable production in Guangdong province might have been over‐estimated according to the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soil. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Pymetrozine is hydroxylated by CYP6CM1, a cytochrome P450 conferring neonicotinoid resistance in Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Nauen Ralf , Vontas John , Kaussmann Martin , Wölfel Katharina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDResistance to neonicotinoid insecticides such as imidacloprid in the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is linked to its hydroxylation by constitutively overexpressed CYP6CM1, a cytochrome P450 enzyme. Here, an investigation was conducted to establish whether CYP6CM1 functionally expressed in Sf9 cells also detoxifies pymetrozine, a selective homopteran feeding blocker known to be cross‐resistant to neonicotinoids in
whiteflies.RESULTSIncubation of pymetrozine with functionally expressed Bemisia CYP6CM1 and subsequent LC‐MS/MS analysis revealed a rapid formation of two pymetrozine metabolites by hydroxylation of its heterocyclic 1,2,4‐triazine ring system. Enzyme kinetics revealed a Km value of 5.9 ± 0.3 µM and a time‐dependent depletion of pymetrozine.CONCLUSIONThe known cross‐resistance between imidacloprid, other neonicotinoid insecticides and pymetrozine in B. tabaci is most likely conferred by the very same detoxification mechanism, i.e. a monooxygenase‐based hydroxylation mechanism linked to the overexpression of CYP6CM1. These insecticide chemistries should not be alternated in whitefly resistance management strategies. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization of Composite SiOx/Polymer Barrier Films
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Sun Zhihui , Ma Xinxin , Yang Chun Li 
Published: November 2012

In this study, flexible polymer chains are incorporated into silicon oxide films by magnetron co‐sputtering two targets, namely, silica and dicyclopentadiene dioxide cured with maleic anhydride (DCPD/MA), to solve the brittle problems of these passive barrier packaging materials. Composite SiOx/polymer films are prepared on polyethylene terephthalate substrates by radio frequency (RF) reactive magnetron co‐sputtering to combine the flexible polymer groups in oxidation silicon coatings. The samples are prepared by changing the , the RF power ratio delivered to the individual target, from 0.1 to 10.The barrier performance, mechanical properties and flexibility of the composite films are also investigated. The characteristics of the barrier differ from those of traditional passive packaging materials. Oxygen permeation measurements were carried out to verify the reasons for these differences and determine the structure of the films. The results showed that the active sites and double bonds existing in the composite films can scavenge oxygen and lengthen the lag time.Folding test results indicated that the composite films have much better flexibility than the SiOx films, which is attributed to the DCPD/MA segments incorporated into the composite films and the new bonds produced between SiOx and DCPD/MA, as proven by the Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope spectra analysis results.Tensile performance was improved significantly, and the trend of the stretch curves followed an approximate rule as the RF power ratio changed from 0.1 to 10. Moreover, two significant turning points in the stress–strain curves were observed as the films were stretched. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH THE SEVERITY OF STREAMFLOW ALTERATION
Authors: Carlisle D. M. , Nelson S. M. , Eng K. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTNatural streamflows play a critical role in stream ecosystems, yet quantitative relations between streamflow alteration and stream health have been elusive. One reason for this difficulty is that neither streamflow alteration nor ecological responses are measured relative to their natural expectations. We assessed macroinvertebrate community condition in 25 mountain streams representing a large gradient of streamflow alteration, which we quantified as the departure of observed flows from natural expectations. Observed flows were obtained from US Geological Survey streamgaging stations and discharge records from dams and diversion structures. During low‐flow conditions in September, samples of macroinvertebrate communities were collected at each site, in addition to measures of physical habitat, water chemistry and organic matter. In general, streamflows were artificially high during summer and artificially low throughout the rest of the year. Biological condition, as measured by richness of sensitive taxa (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) and taxonomic completeness (O/E), was strongly and negatively related to the severity of depleted flows in winter. Analyses of macroinvertebrate traits suggest that taxa losses may have been caused by thermal modification associated with streamflow alteration. Our study yielded quantitative relations between the severity of streamflow alteration and the degree of biological impairment and suggests that water management that reduces streamflows during winter months is likely to have negative effects on downstream benthic communities in Utah mountain streams. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Late Outgrowth Endothelial Cells Resemble Mature Endothelial Cells and Are Not Derived from Bone Marrow
Authors: Tura Olga , Skinner Elizabeth M. , Barclay G. Robin , Samuel Kay , Gallagher Ronald C.J. , Brittan Mairi , Hadoke Patrick W.F. , Newby David E. , Turner Marc L. , Mills Nicholas L. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A decade of research has sought to identify circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in order to harness their potential for cardiovascular regeneration. Endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) most closely fulfil the criteria for an EPC, but their origin remains obscure. Our aim was to identify the source and precursor of EOC and to assess their regenerative potential compared to mature endothelial cells. EOC are readily isolated from umbilical cord blood (6/6 donors) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (4/6 donors) but not from bone marrow (0/6) or peripheral blood following mobilization with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (0/6 donors). Enrichment and depletion of blood mononuclear cells demonstrated that EOC are confined to the CD34+CD133−CD146+ cell fraction. EOC derived from blood mononuclear cells are indistinguishable from mature human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by morphology, surface antigen expression, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, proliferation, and functional assessments. In a subcutaneous sponge model of angiogenesis, both EOC and HUVEC contribute to de novo blood vessel formation giving rise to a similar number of vessels (7.0 ± 2.7 vs. 6.6 ± 3.7 vessels, respectively, n = 9). Bone marrow-derived outgrowth cells isolated under the same conditions expressed mesenchymal markers rather than endothelial cell markers and did not contribute to blood vessels in vivo. In this article, we confirm that EOC arise from CD34+CD133−CD146+ mononuclear cells and are similar, if not identical, to mature endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that EOC do not arise from bone marrow and challenge the concept of a bone marrow-derived circulating precursor for endothelial cells.
Spatial segregation among age classes in cave salamanders: habitat selection or social interactions?
Authors: Ficetola Gentile Francesco , Pennati Roberta , Manenti Raoul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWithin species, individuals with different sexes, morphs and age classes often show spatial segregation. Both habitat selection and social processes have been proposed to explain intraspecific spatial segregation, but their relative importance is difficult to assess. We investigated spatial segregation between age classes in the cave salamanderHydromantes(Speleomantes)strinatii, and used a hypothetico‐deductive approach to evaluate whether social or ecological processes explain segregation pattern. We recorded the location and age class of salamanders along multiple caves; we measured multiple microhabitat features of different sectors of caves that may determine salamander distribution. We assessed age‐class segregation, and used generalized mixed models and an information‐theoretic framework, to test if segregation is explained by social processes or by differences in habitat selection. We found significant age‐class segregation, juveniles living in more external cave sectors than adults. Multiple environmental features varied along caves. Juveniles and adults showed contrasting habitat selection patterns: juveniles were associated with sectors having high invertebrate abundance, while adults were associated with scarce invertebrates and low temperature. When the effect of environmental features was taken into account, the relationship between juveniles and adults was non negative. This suggests that different habitat preferences, related to distinct risk‐taking strategies of age classes, can explain the spatial segregation. Juveniles require more food and select more external sectors, even if they may be risky. Conversely, adults may trade off food availability in favour of safe areas with stable micro‐climate.
BIPARTITE DIVISOR GRAPH FOR THE PRODUCT OF SUBSETS OF INTEGERS
Authors: HAFEZIEH R. , IRANMANESH MOHAMMAD A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe bipartite divisor graph B(X), for a set Xof positive integers, and some of its properties have recently been studied. We construct the bipartite divisor graph for the product of subsets of positive integers and investigate some of its properties. We also give some applications in group theory.
INVERSE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM FOR EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE MATRICES OF SIZE 3
Authors: JAKLIČ GAŠPER , MODIC JOLANDA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA matrix is a Euclidean distance matrix (EDM) if there exist points such that the matrix elements are squares of distances between the corresponding points. The inverse eigenvalue problem (IEP) is as follows: construct (or prove the existence of) a matrix with particular properties and a given spectrum. It is well known that the IEP for EDMs of size 3 has a solution. In this paper all solutions of the problem are given and their relation with geometry is studied. A possible extension to larger EDMs is tackled.
Unfaithful minimal Heilbronn characters of L2(q)
Authors: Ginsberg Hy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWhen a minimal Heilbronn character θ is unfaithful on a Sylow p-subgroup P of a finite group G, we know that G is quasi-simple, p is odd, P is cyclic, NG(P) is maximal and either NG(P) is the unique maximal subgroup containing Ω1(P) or G/Z(G) ≅ L2(q) for q an odd prime with p dividing q − 1. In this paper we examine the exceptional case, where G/Z(G) ≅ L2(q), explicitly constructing unfaithful minimal Heilbronn characters from the non-principal irreducible characters of G.
A 4-year prospective observational follow-up study of course and predictors of course in body dysmorphic disorder
Authors: Phillips K. A. , Menard W. , Quinn E. , Didie E. R. , Stout R. L. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundThis report prospectively examines the 4-year course, and predictors of course, of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a common and often severe disorder. No prior studies have prospectively examined the course of BDD in individuals ascertained for BDD.MethodThe Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation (LIFE) assessed weekly BDD symptoms and treatment received over 4 years for 166 broadly ascertained adults and adolescents with current BDD at intake. Kaplan–Meier life tables were constructed for time to remission and relapse. Full remission was defined as minimal or no BDD symptoms, and partial remission as less than full DSM-IV criteria, for at least 8 consecutive weeks. Full relapse and partial relapse were defined as meeting full BDD criteria for at least 2 consecutive weeks after attaining full or partial remission respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression examined predictors of remission and relapse.ResultsOver 4 years, the cumulative probability was 0.20 for full remission and 0.55 for full or partial remission from BDD. A lower likelihood of full or partial remission was predicted by more severe BDD symptoms at intake, longer lifetime duration of BDD, and being an adult. Among partially or fully remitted subjects, the cumulative probability was 0.42 for subsequent full relapse and 0.63 for subsequent full or partial relapse. More severe BDD at intake and earlier age at BDD onset predicted full or partial relapse. Eighty-eight percent of subjects received mental health treatment during the follow-up period.ConclusionsIn this observational study, BDD tended to be chronic. Several intake variables predicted greater chronicity of BDD.
Childhood and adult trauma both correlate with dorsal anterior cingulate activation to threat in combat veterans
Authors: Herringa R. J. , Phillips M. L. , Fournier J. C. , Kronhaus D. M. , Germain A. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPrior studies of adult post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggest abnormal functioning of prefrontal and limbic regions. Cumulative childhood and adult trauma exposures are major risk factors for developing adult PTSD, yet their contribution to neural dysfunction in PTSD remains poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the neural correlates of childhood and adult trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) within a single model.MethodMedication-free male combat veterans (n = 28, average age 26.6 years) with a wide range of PTSS were recruited from the community between 2010 and 2011. Subjects completed an emotional face-morphing task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Clinical ratings included the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Combat Exposure Scale (CES). A priori regions were examined through multivariate voxelwise regression in SPM8, using depressive symptoms and IQ as covariates.ResultsIn the angry condition, CAPS scores correlated positively with activation in the medial prefrontal cortex [mPFC; Brodmann area (BA) 10, z = 3.51], hippocampus (z = 3.47), insula (z = 3.62) and, in earlier blocks, the amygdala. CES and CTQ correlated positively with activation in adjacent areas of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; BA 32, z = 3.70 and BA 24, z = 3.88 respectively). In the happy condition, CAPS, CTQ and CES were not correlated significantly with activation patterns.ConclusionsdACC activation observed in prior studies of PTSD may be attributable to the cumulative effects of childhood and adult trauma exposure. By contrast, insula, hippocampus and amygdala activation may be specific to PTSS. The specificity of these results to threat stimuli, but not to positive stimuli, is consistent with abnormalities in threat processing associated with PTSS.
Motor training of sixty minutes once per week improves motor ability in children with congenital heart disease and retarded motor development: a pilot study
Authors: Müller Jan , Pringsheim Milka , Engelhardt Andrea , Meixner Juliana , Halle Martin , Oberhoffer Renate , Hess John , Hager Alfred 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveDelay and impairment of motor development is reported in patients with congenital heart disease. This pilot study addressed the feasibility and effect of a low-dose motor training programme of 60 min once per week on motor ability in preschool children with congenital heart disease.Patients and methodsIn all, 14 children – including four girls, in the age group of 4–6 years – with various types of congenital heart disease performed the motor developmental test MOT 4–6 before and after 3 months of a playful exercise programme of 60 min once a week.ResultsAt baseline, the motor quotient ranged from normal to slightly impaired (median 92.0; Quartile 1: 83.75; Quartile 3: 101.25). After intervention, motor quotient did not change significantly for the entire group (95.0 (88.0, 102.5); p = 0.141). However, in the subgroup of nine children with retarded motor development at baseline (motor quotient lower 100), seven children had an improved motor quotient after 3 months of intervention. In this subgroup, motor quotient increased significantly (p = 0.020) by 5%.ConclusionsOverall, a short intervention programme of 60 min only once a week does not improve motor ability in all children with congenital heart disease. However, those with retarded motor development profit significantly from this low-dose intervention.
Centrosome Fine Ultrastructure of the Osteocyte Mechanosensitive Primary Cilium
Authors: Uzbekov R.E. , Maurel D.B. , Aveline P.C. , Pallu S. , Benhamou C.L. , Rochefort G.Y. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe centrosome is the principal microtubule organization center in cells, giving rise to microtubule-based organelles (e.g., cilia, flagella). The aim was to study the osteocyte centrosome morphology at an ultrastructural level in relation to its mechanosensitive function. Osteocyte centrosomes and cilia in tibial cortical bone were explored by acetylated alpha-tubulin (AαTub) immunostaining under confocal microscopy. For the first time, fine ultrastructure and spatial orientation of the osteocyte centrosome were explored by transmission electron microscopy on serial ultrathin sections. AαTub-positive staining was observed in 94% of the osteocytes examined (222/236). The mother centriole formed a short primary cilium and was longer than the daughter centriole due to an intermediate zone between centriole and cilium. The proximal end of the mother centriole was connected with the surface of daughter centriole by striated rootlets. The mother centriole exhibited distal appendages that interacted with the cell membrane and formed a particular structure called “cilium membrane prolongation.” The primary cilium was mainly oriented perpendicular to the long axis of bone. Mother and daughter centrioles change their original mutual orientation during the osteocyte differentiation process. The short primary cilium is hypothesized as a novel type of fluid-sensing organelle in osteocytes.
Conversational perspective of therapeutic outcomes: The importance of preference in the development of discourse
Authors: Sutherland Olga A. , Sametband Inés , Silva Joaquín Gaete , Couture Shari J. , Strong Tom 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMajor theme: Evaluation of therapeutic outcome. Logical development of the theme: We suggest a way for practitioners and researchers to assess if they are on track in conversing towards client preferred goals. We offer a critique of more conventional approaches to studying therapeutic progress, suggesting how a discursive (i.e. focused on interaction and language use) lens can address these limitations. Through this lens we examine therapeutic progress evident in ‘preference work’, where clients demonstrably indicate, imply, agree and disagree with where the therapeutic conversation is heading. Such ‘preference work’ offers a form of evidence of within‐session outcomes in a process of reaching larger client preferred outcomes. Authors’ point of view: We present the results of conversation analysis – a qualitative approach to the study of therapy – to illustrate our discursive perspective on therapy progress and change. Implications: we suggest a way for practitioners to assess if they are on track in conversing towards client preferred goals. We propose that our interactional perspective may significantly contribute to bridging practice and research in therapy.