bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary active transposable elements in the genome of the coelacanth
Authors: Chalopin Domitille , Fan Shaohua , Simakov Oleg , Meyer Axel , Schartl Manfred , Volff Jean‐Nicolas 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe apparent morphological stasis in the lineage of the coelacanth, which has been called a “living fossil” by many, has been suggested to be causally related to a slow evolution of its genome, with strongly reduced activity of transposable elements (TEs). Analysis of the African coelacanth showed that at least 25% of its genome is constituted of transposable elements including retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses and DNA transposons, with a strong predominance of non‐Long Terminal Repeat (non‐LTR) retrotransposons. The coelacanth genome has been shaped by four major general bursts of transposition during evolution, with major contributions of LINE1, LINE2, CR1, and Deu non‐LTR retrotransposons. Many transposable elements are expressed in different tissues and might be active. The number of TE families in coelacanth, but also in lungfish, is lower than in teleost fish, but is higher than in chicken and human. This observation is in agreement with the hypothesis of a sequential elimination of many TE families in the sarcopterygian lineage during evolution. Taken together, our analysis indicates that the coelacanth contains more TE families than birds and mammals, and that these elements have been active during the evolution of the coelacanth lineage. Hence, at the level of transposable element activity, the coelacanth genome does not appear to evolve particularly slowly. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 322–333, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of preoperative anti‐cancer therapy on resectability and perioperative outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer: Project study by the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Motoi Fuyuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Takahashi Hidenori , Okada Takaho , Wada Keita , Sho Masayuki , Nagano Hiroaki , Matsumoto Ippei , Satoi Sohei , Murakami Yoshiaki , Kishiwada Masashi , Honda Goro , Kinoshita Hisafumi , Baba Hideo , Hishinuma Shoichi , Kitago Minoru , Tajima Hidehiro , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Takamori Hiroshi , Kosuge Tomoo , Yamaue Hiroki , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study evaluated the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on resectability and perioperative outcomes.MethodsA total of 992 patients were enrolled, with 971 deemed eligible. Of these, 582 had resectable tumors and 389 had borderline resectable tumors, and 388 patients received neoadjuvant therapy. Demographic characteristics and peri‐ and postoperative parameters were assessed by a questionnaire survey.ResultsThe R0 rate was significantly higher in patients with resectable tumors who received neoadjuvant therapy than in those who underwent surgery first, but no significant difference was noted in patients with borderline resectable tumors. Operation time was significantly longer and blood loss was significantly greater in patients who received neoadjuvant therapy than in those who underwent surgery first, but there were no significant differences in specific complications and mortality rates. The node positivity rate was significantly lower in the neoadjuvant than in the surgery‐first group, indicating that the former had significantly lower stage tumors.ConclusionsNeoadjuvant therapy may not increase the mortality and morbidity rate and may be able to increase the chance for curative resection against resectable tumor.
Characterization of local wind patterns in complex mountain valleys
Authors: Pérez‐Foguet A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this work, the wind patterns in high mountain areas with complex orography are characterized using hourly data provided by a network of weather stations. The key novelty of the study is the methodology. Data are grouped separately by wind speed and wind direction using two cluster analyses. The groups are analysed and described according to measurements at key stations in the network and their hourly presence. Both classifications are subsequently compared using contingency tables, and the main wind patterns are identified. The uncertainties associated with the average values of each wind pattern are quantified by principal component analysis of the wind vectors at each station. One year of data from nine stations located in the area of La Oroya, Peru was used to validate the proposed method. The local wind behaviour was characterized, the wind patterns were compared with respect to the seasons, and the winter morning transitions were analysed in detail. The methodology allows quantitative description of the local wind patterns and their temporal dynamics in complex mountain valleys. Both wind speed and direction were found to be relevant in wind pattern characterization. In particular, both parameters have proven helpful in identifying and quantifying the prevailing winds during cold dawns and thermal inversion periods.
When mastectomy is needed: Is the nipple‐sparing procedure a new standard with very few contraindications?
Authors: Fortunato Lucio , Loreti Andrea , Andrich Renato , Costarelli Leopoldo , Amini Mostafà , Farina Massimo , Santini Elena , Vitelli Carlo E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesNipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) improves cosmetic results after mastectomy. As most consider advanced tumors, or tumors near the nipple–areola complex (NAC), as a contraindication for this type of surgery, we challenged this hypothesis.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐eight NSM were performed in 121 consecutive patients. In 122 procedures for cancer, patients were included if there was no evidence of NAC proximity (<1 cm), and if the retro‐areolar margin was negative, even for locally advanced tumors or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsTotal NAC necrosis occurred in six cases (4.3%). Additionally, NAC was removed after histological exam of the retro‐areolar tissue in 19 cases (16% of cancer patients). Among 93 cases whose tumor‐to‐NAC distance was recorded, NAC was removed in 11/31 cases (35%) if the distance was 1 cm, and in 8/62 cases (12.9%) if it was more than 1 cm (P = 0.01). NAC was removed more frequently in the first half of the study (17/69 vs. 8/69: P = 0.05). At a median follow‐up of 26 months for the cancer patient group, there was only one local recurrence (outside the NAC).ConclusionsOur experience adds evidence that NSM is safe, if the retro‐areolar resection margin is clear and maximal surgical clearance is performed. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:207–212. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population genetic structure among bobwhite in an agriculturally modified landscape
Authors: Berkman Leah K. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Roy Charlotte L. , Heist Edward J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTNorthern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) depend on ephemeral habitats, which are constantly changing in quality and spatial structure. Given recent changes in agricultural practices in the Midwest, habitat patches on the landscape are undoubtedly occurring in new configurations, presenting new challenges to bobwhite. Yet, little is known about dispersal capabilities of bobwhite in Illinois where widespread change in land use has coincided with population declines. Since effective dispersal results in gene flow, we investigated the genetic population structure of bobwhite in Illinois using 11 DNA microsatellite loci. We analyzed bobwhite collected by hunters in southern and central counties of Illinois at 6 sampling areas separated by 27–276 km. We found a significant but low amount of genetic structure (FST = 0.009). We used multiple genetic analysis methods (FST, PCA, STRUCTURE, and Mantel tests) to gain greater insights into genetic structure. Patterns of differentiation did not correspond to those expected from an isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Genetic introgression from stock source birds was not strongly indicated. The low amount of population structure detected may be an early indication of genetic drift occurring due to recent landscape changes that may be isolating bobwhite subpopulations. Future sampling when more time has elapsed will help resolve where these subpopulations lie on the continuum between complete isolation and panmixia. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Polylogarithms, multiple zeta values and superstring amplitudes
Authors: Broedel J. , Schlotterer O. , Stieberger S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA formalism is provided to calculate tree amplitudes in open superstring theory for any multiplicity at any order in the inverse string tension. We point out that the underlying world‐sheet disk integrals share substantial properties with color‐ordered tree amplitudes in Yang‐Mills field theories. In particular, we closely relate world‐sheet integrands of open‐string tree amplitudes to the Kawai‐Lewellen‐Tye representation of supergravity amplitudes. This correspondence helps to reduce the singular parts of world‐sheet disk integrals – including their string corrections – to lower‐point results. The remaining regular parts are systematically addressed by polylogarithm manipulations.
Statistical Literacy Among Applied Linguists and Second Language Acquisition Researchers
Authors: Loewen Shawn , Lavolette Elizabeth , Spino Le Anne , Papi Mostafa , Schmidtke Jens , Sterling Scott , Wolff Dominik 
Published: August 2013

The importance of statistical knowledge in applied linguistics and second language acquisition (SLA) research has been emphasized in recent publications. However, the last investigation of the statistical literacy of applied linguists occurred more than 25 years ago (Lazaraton, Riggenbach, & Ediger, 1987). The current study undertook a partial replication of this older work by investigating (a) applied linguists’ general experiences with statistics, (b) underlying factors that constitute applied linguists’ knowledge about and attitudes toward statistics, and (c) variables that predict attitudes toward statistics and statistical self‐efficacy. Three hundred thirty‐one scholars of applied linguistics and SLA completed a questionnaire. Eighty percent had taken a statistics class; however, only 14% of doctoral students and 30% of professors felt that their statistical training was adequate. A factor analysis of participants’ knowledge of statistical terms revealed three factors: common inferential statistics knowledge, advanced statistics knowledge, and basic descriptive statistics knowledge. An analysis of participants’ attitudes toward statistics revealed two factors: statistics are important and lack of statistical confidence. Regression analyses found that a quantitative research orientation was the strongest predictor of positive attitudes toward statistics; nevertheless, participants also expressed support for qualitative research. Recommendations for improving quantitative methods in our field are made based on our findings.
Growth and decline of a penguin colony and the influence on nesting density and reproductive success
Authors: Sherley Richard B. , Barham Peter J. , Barham Barbara J. , Crawford Robert J. M. , Dyer Bruce M. , Leshoro T. Mario , Makhado Azwianewi B. , Upfold Leshia , Underhill Les G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractColonial breeding is characteristic of seabirds but nesting at high density has both advantages and disadvantages and may reduce survival and fecundity. African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) initiated breeding at Robben Island, South Africa in 1983. The breeding population on the island increased in the late 1990s and early 2000s before decreasing rapidly until 2010. Before the number breeding peaked, local nest density in the areas where the colony was initiated plateaued, suggesting that preferred nests sites were mostly occupied, and the area used by breeding birds expanded. However, it did not contract again as the population decreased, so that nesting density varied substantially. Breeding success was related positively to the prey available to the breeding birds and negatively to local nest density, particularly during the chick‐rearing period, suggesting a density‐dependence operating through social interactions in the colony, possibly exacerbated by poor prey availability when the breeding population was large. Although nest density at Robben Island was not high, nesting burrows, which probably reduce the incidence of aggressive encounters in the colony, are scarce and our results suggest that habitat alteration has modified the strength of density‐dependent relationships for African penguins. Gaining a better understanding of how density dependence affects fecundity and population growth rates in colonial breeders is important for informing conservation management of the African penguin and other threatened taxa.
FACTORES DE ÉXITO EN LOS NEGOCIOS DE ARTESANÍA EN MÉXICO
Authors: Hernández Girón José de la Paz , Yescas León María , Domínguez Hernández María Luisa 
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to identify a number of factors to succeed in the Mexican handcraft industry based on the use of business skills to acquire and coordinate resources and abilities. In the literature there are a plethora of proposed success factors for consolidated companies. While the expectations of handcraft business owners rely on the consumer's preferences, there is a wide range of variability in the formal nature and flexible structure of their organizations, thus making it difficult to implement these factors. The data used in this study stemmed from a well-structured interview to 337 handcraft business owners in the 8 following different Mexican states: Guanajuato, Jalisco, Michoacan, Mexico, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Puebla, and Veracruz.In order to determine the success factors, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted. As a result, the 9 following success factors were established: administrative innovation, financing impact, production technology, administration technology, process management ability, packaging, differentiation, and information. The author proposes a set of equations to be used for managing the success of a business when it is measured in terms of satisfaction with the business or based on sales revenue, business growth, or business size.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. SOCIEDAD COLOMBIANA DE JUEGOS Y APUESTAS S.A. BURKENROAD REPORT
Authors: Berggrun Preciado Luis , García Julián Esteban , Grande Amalia Andrea , Torres Paola Andrea 
Published: August 2013

This paper presents a Burkenroad report of "Sociedad Colombiana de Juegos y Apuestas S.A", a company headquartered in Cali engaged in the gambling industry in the form of permanent bets or "chance". This company resulted from the merger of 18 out of 20 companies in total engaged in the gambling business in Cali. These companies merged to increase the likelihood of being awarded the bid arranged by the Valle del Cauca Department for this kind of business in the next five years. This report provides a brief description of the company, its market, an administrative summary, and an analysis of the risks faced by the organization. The last section of the report shows an approximate value of the company using the free cash flow method in two different scenarios. It describes the second scenario, in which stock valuation suggests a price per share of $2.04, as the more feasible of both scenarios.
LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA DE LA UNIÓN EUROPEA HACIA AMÉRICA LATINA: EL MÉTODO DE ENTRADA DE LAS PRINCIPALES MULTINACIONALES ELÉCTRICAS
Authors: Zapata Yudira 
Published: August 2013

In a field as well-explored as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), certain aspects remain to be dealt with. In spite of the importance of the service sector in the theme, the investigations that have concentrated on explaining the relationship of the sector on the flows of FDI toward Latin America are scarce. The diversity of themes that can have a bearing on this explanation, as well as the characteristics of the service sector, convert it into a complex task, as much for academic investigation as for business management. Being conscious of this fact, this work represents an attempt to reduce this complexity by explaining the relationship between the flows of FDI and the methods of entry in external markets. The method of entry of the FDI has played a major role in the internationalization of service companies, particularly in the case of the European power generation multinationals, which have been responsible for the increase in the flows of investment toward the region.
EXTERNALIZACIÓN DE FUNCIONES: ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES TEÓRICAS
Authors: Ganga Contreras Francisco , Toro Reinoso Iván 
Published: August 2013

The study about organizational behavior appears as one of the most important challenges of this new age. Its suitable comprehension symbolizes the foundations of the success or failure for those who take the organizational management as profession, and it also symbolizes the success or failure for those organizations. This document main objective is the analysis of new tendencies referring to organizational models at the time it contributes to administrative knowledge by describing the main characteristics and alternatives that could be adopted in outsourcing. A review of the network model, the virtual organization, the shamrock organization and the federal organization model, is presented as examples of what is known as outsourcing. It is also studied the origin of the outsourcing, some conceptual differences, its main advantages and risks, and its current situation in Chile.
LA PUBLICACIÓN DE HONORARIOS DE LAS FIRMAS DE AUDITORÍA EN ESPAÑA: UN ANÁLISIS EMPÍRICO
Authors: López Gavira Rosario , Pérez López José Ángel , Romero García José Enrique 
Published: August 2013

The present document analyzes whether the measures related to the disclosure of honoraria in Spain really contribute towards palliating the current independence conflicts of auditing profession to a certain extent. With respect to the evidence obtained by the questionnaire used for the investigation, an interesting finding is that academics, in general, tend to favour the imposition of this type of informative transparency measures, while auditors are against them. However, in spite of this deviating initial positioning, the evidence indicates that within the category of auditors two different groups have to be distinguished: consolidated professionals and non-consolidated professionals. Thus, our findings indicate that the last group shows an intermediate opinion closer in some points to that of the academics.
EL ROL DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL DEL EMPRENDEDOR EN LA EXPANSIÓN EXITOSA DE UNA START-UP. EL CASO DE HIPERTEXTO LTDA - "LA LIBRERIA DE LA U"
Authors: Román Castillo Ruth Esperanza , Smida Alí 
Published: August 2013

This document identifies the role of an entrepreneur’s social capital in “Hipertexto Ltda.” in the process of consolidating and positioning the company in the publishing sector. A case study approach is used to identify a set of variables that enhance individual social capital, and to describe their effects on the company’s performance. As a final result, we formulate a set of research propositions aimed at contributing to the understanding of the phenomenon being analyzed. We also propose a model that summarizes the dynamics of the exchange of social capital from both an individual and an organizational perspective, and discuss how this dynamic leads to the strengthening of organizational social capital as a sustainable competitive advantage of a company.
LA CALIDAD DE LOS SISTEMAS DE GESTIÓN DE RECURSOS HUMANOS EN FUNCIÓN DE LA TENENCIA O NO DE LA CERTIFICACIÓN ISO 9001:2000. ALGUNAS EVIDENCIAS/INDICADORES ASOCIADAS
Authors: Bonilla García Josué 
Published: August 2013

This research study compared the quality of human resources management systems of companies that have been ISO 9001:200 certified against companies that do not have this certification. A tool, based on the eight principles of a quality management system, enabled the organizations to evaluate and describe the associated evidence/indicators and to determine their impact. The results indicate that there are no differences among the sets of companies with regard to the presence and impact of the evidence/indicators. We identified the need to design HR-specific quality management programs as well as strategies and plans aimed at continuously improving relations with suppliers. Furthermore, there is a need to develop practices associated with indicators to control and keep close track of organizational management.
Instabilities of the flow around a cylinder and emission of vortex dipoles
Authors: Kizner Ziv , Makarov Viacheslav , Kamp Leon , van Heijst GertJan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInstabilities and long-term evolution of two-dimensional circular flows around a rigid circular cylinder (island) are studied analytically and numerically. For that we consider a base flow consisting of two concentric neighbouring rings of uniform but different vorticity, with the inner ring touching the cylinder. We first study the inviscid linear stability of such flows to perturbations of the free edges of the rings. For a given ratio of the vorticity in the rings, the governing parameters of the problem are the radii of the inner and outer rings scaled on the cylinder radius. In this two-dimensional parameter space, we determine analytically the regions of linear stability/instability of each azimuthal mode $m= 1, 2, \ldots . $ In the physically most meaningful case of zero net circulation, for each mode $m\gt 1$, two regions are identified: a regular instability region where mode $m$ is unstable along with some other modes, and a unique instability region where only mode $m$ is unstable. After the conditions of linear instability are established, inviscid contour-dynamics and high-Reynolds-number finite-element simulations are conducted. In the regular instability regions, simulations of both kinds typically result in the formation of vortical dipoles or multipoles. In the unique instability regions, where the inner vorticity ring is much thinner than the outer ring, the inviscid contour-dynamics simulations do not reveal dipole emission. In the viscous simulation, because viscosity has time to widen the inner ring, the instability develops in the same manner as in the regular instability regions.
William Harvey, Aristotle and astrology
Authors: GREGORY ANDREW 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper I argue that William Harvey believed in a form of astrology. It has long been known that Harvey employed a macrocosm–microcosm analogy and used alchemical terminology in describing how the two types of blood change into one another. This paper then seeks to examine a further aspect of Harvey in relation to the magical tradition. There is an important corollary to this line of thought, however. This is that while Harvey does have a belief in astrology, it is strongly related to Aristotle's views in this area and is quite restricted and attenuated relative to some contemporary beliefs in astrology. This suggests a more general thesis. While Harvey was amenable to ideas which we associate with the natural magic tradition, those ideas had a very broad range of formulation and there was a limit to how far he would accept them. This limit was largely determined by Harvey's adherence to Aristotle's natural philosophy and his Christian beliefs. I argue that this is also the case in relation to Harvey's use of the macrocosm–microcosm analogy and of alchemical terminology, and, as far as we can rely on the evidence, this informs his attitudes towards witches as well. Understanding Harvey's influences and motives here is important in placing him properly in the context of early seventeenth-century thought.