bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the oxygen content–based index, Fshunt, as an indicator of pulmonary venous admixture at various inspired oxygen fractions in anesthetized sheep
Authors: Araos Joaquin D. , Larenza M. Paula , Boston Raymond C. , De Monte Valentina , De Marzo Carmelinda , Grasso Salvatore , Haskins Steve C. , Crovace Antonio , Staffieri Francesco 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of the oxygen content–based index, Fshunt, as an indicator of venous admixture (s/t) at various fractions of inspired oxygen (Fio2s) in anesthetized sheep undergoing Flung or 2-lung ventilation.
Animals—6 healthy adult female sheep.
Procedures—Sheep were anesthetized and administered 5 different Fio2s (0.21, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00) in random order during 2-lung mechanical ventilation. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained at each Fio2 after a 15-minute stabilization period. Vital capacity alveolar recruitment maneuvers were performed after blood collection. The previously used Fio2 sequence was reversed for sample collection during Flung ventilation. Blood samples were analyzed for arterial, pulmonary end-capillary, and mixed venous oxygen content and partial pressure and for hemoglobin concentration. Oxygen hemoglobin saturation, s/t, Fshunt, and oxygen tension–based indices (OTIs; including Pao2:Fio2, alveolar-arterial difference in partial pressure of oxygen [Pao2 – Pao2], [Pao2 – Pao2]:Fio2, [Pao2 – Pao2]:Pao2, and Pao2:Pao2) were calculated at each Fio2; associations were evaluated with linear regression analysis, concordance, and correlation tests. Intermethod agreement between s/t and Fshunt was tested via Bland-Altman analysis.
Results—Strong and significant associations and substantial agreement were detected between Fshunt and s/t. Relationships between OTIs and s/t varied, but overall correlations were weak.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Whereas OTIs were generally poor indicators of s/t, Fshunt was a good indicator of s/t at various Fio2s, regardless of the magnitude of s/t, and could be potentially used as a surrogate for s/t measurements in healthy sheep.
Axial stiffness and ring deformation of complete and incomplete single ring circular external skeletal fixator constructs
Authors: Hudson Caleb C. , Lewis Daniel D. , Cross Alan R. , Horodyski MaryBeth , Banks Scott A. , Pozzi Antonio 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To compare the axial stiffness, maximum axial displacement, and ring deformation during axial loading of single complete and incomplete circular (ring) external skeletal fixator constructs.
Sample—32 groups of single ring constructs (5 constructs/group).
Procedures—Single ring constructs assembled with 2 divergent 1.6-mm-diameter Kirschner wires were used to stabilize a 60-mm-long segment of 16-mm-diameter acetyl resin rod. Construct variables included ring type (complete or incomplete), ring diameter (50, 66, 84, or 118 mm), and fixation wire tension (0, 30, 60, or 90 kg). Axial loading was performed with a materials testing system. Construct secant stiffness and maximum displacement were calculated from the load-displacement curves generated for each construct. Ring deformation was calculated by comparing ring diameter during and after construct loading to ring diameter prior to testing.
Results—Complete ring constructs had greater axial stiffness than did the 66-, 84-, and 118-mm-diameter incomplete ring constructs. As fixation wire tension increased, construct stiffness increased in the 66-, 84-, and 118-mm-diameter incomplete ring constructs. Maximum axial displacement decreased with increasing fixation wire tension, and complete ring constructs allowed less displacement than did incomplete ring constructs. Incomplete rings were deformed by wire tensioning and construct loading.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mechanical performance of the 66-, 84-, and 118-mm-diameter incomplete ring constructs improved when wire tension was applied, but these constructs were not as stiff as and allowed greater displacement than did complete ring constructs of comparable diameter. For clinical practice, tensioning the wires placed on 84- and 118-mm-diameter incomplete rings to 60 kg is recommended.
Long-term outcome of cats and dogs with acute kidney injury treated with intermittent hemodialysis: 135 cases (1997–2010)
Authors: Eatroff Adam E. , Langston Cathy E. , Chalhoub Serge , Poeppel Karen , Mitelberg Eleonora 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the long-term outcome for small animal patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated with intermittent hemodialysis (IHD).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—42 cats and 93 dogs treated with IHD for AKI.
Procedures—Medical records of cats and dogs treated with IHD for AKI from January 1997 to October 2010 were reviewed. Standard methods of survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier product limit curves were used. The log-rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether outcome, number of IHD treatments, or duration of hospitalization was different when dogs and cats were classified according to specific variables.
Results—The overall survival rate at the time of hospital discharge was 50% (21/42) for cats and 53% (49/93) for dogs. The overall survival rate 30 days after hospital discharge was 48% (20/42) for cats and 42% (39/93) for dogs. The overall survival rate 365 days after hospital discharge was 38% (16/42) for cats and 33% (31/93) for dogs. For all-cause mortality, the median survival time was 7 days (95% confidence interval, 0 to 835 days) for cats and 9 days (95% confidence interval, 0 to 55 days) for dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats and dogs with AKI treated with IHD have survival rates similar to those of human patients. Although there was a high mortality rate prior to hospital discharge, those patients that survived to discharge had a high probability of long-term survival.
Preparation of a new metallomicelle catalyst for the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate
Authors: Xie Jia-Qing , Li Ci , Wang Min , Jiang Bing-Ying 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new metallomicellar system containing cerium(III), a macrocylic polyamine ligand, and the nonionic surfactant Brij35(polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether) was prepared and used as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). Catalytic rate of the BNPP hydrolysis was measured kinetically using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The results indicate that the metallomicellar system has relatively high stability and excellent catalytic function in the BNPP hydrolysis; also, the reaction rate of the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis increased by a factor of ca. 1 × 1010 compared to the BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis due to the catalytic effect of the active species and the local concentration effect of the micelles in the metallomicellar system. Experimental results also showed that the mono-hydroxy complex containing the macrocyclic polyamine ligand and cerium(III) is the real active species in the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis, and that the micelles provide a useful catalytic environment for the reaction. On basis of the research results, the reaction mechanism of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been proposed.
Modelling of kinetics of microbial degradation of simulated leachate from tobacco dust waste
Authors: Ćosić Ivana , Vuković Marija , Gomzi Zoran , Briški Felicita 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a kinetic analysis of the biodegradation of organic pollutants in a batch bioreactor and investigates the kinetic properties of activated sludge using different mathematical models. The treatment was conducted for different initial concentrations of leachate from 500 mg dm−3 to 5000 mg dm−3 and initial concentrations of activated sludge from 1.84 g dm−3 to 6.62 g dm−3 over 48 h. Four different kinetic models were applied to the data. The kinetic analysis was performed with the traditional Monod model, the modified Monod model with endogenous metabolism, the Haldane model, and the Haldane model extended to include endogenous metabolic consumption and known as the Endo-Haldane model. Kinetic parameters for each model were determined using differential analysis and the Nelder-Mead method of non-linear regression. The lowest deviations and very good matches with the experimental data were achieved using the Endo-Haldane model. This indicated that this model best described the process of biodegradation of leachate from tobacco waste composting. This is due to this model incorporating the effects both of inhibition and endogenous metabolism.
Synthesis and catalytic performance of MCM-41 modified with tetracarboxylphthalocyanine
Authors: Zhang Ya-Ping , Xue Ke-Chuang , Zhang Wei-Ping , Song Chao , Zhang Rong-Lan , Zhao Jian-She 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA series of tetracarboxylphthalocyanines (MPc(COOH)4, M = H, Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) were anchored onto MCM-41 by the following procedures: functionalization of MCM-41 with (EtO)3SiCH2CH2CH2NH2 reacting with surface Si-OH, and anchoring MPc(COOH)4 onto MCM-41 with a substitution reaction between chloroformyl and amino groups. The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of oxidation was tested using solutions of ethanethiol in petroleum ether and thiophene in octane; CoPc-CONH-MCM-41 displayed the highest conversion ratio of 90.15 % and 93.79 %, respectively.
Adherence to Pancreatic Enzyme Supplementation: In Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Faulkner Colleen , Taper L. Janette , Scott Marjorie 
Published: November 2012

Purpose: Levels of adherence to pancreatic enzyme supplementation were investigated in Atlantic Canada adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). Methods: Participants were recruited from CF clinics at the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the Janeway Children’s Health & Rehabilitation Centre in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Self-report questionnaires were mailed to potential participants (n=51) by clinic staff and completed surveys (n=9) were mailed to the principal investigator. Results: Nine adolescents (mean age 15.2 ± 1.9 years) participated in the study. The adherence survey indicated that the majority perceived themselves to be adherent to taking enzymes with meals (67%), but only 44% perceived themselves to be adherent to taking enzymes with snacks. Recorded amounts of enzymes, taken over three days, indicated that 67% of participants were actually adherent to taking enzymes with meals and 56% with snacks. Including those who correctly predicted non-adherence, 56% and 44% of participants accurately predicted their adherence to taking enzymes with meals and snacks, respectively. Conclusions: Adherence rates in the literature vary because of differences in definition and measurement. In the CF population, adherence has been shown to have a positive effect on quality of life. Results for this small group of patients suggest that Atlantic Canada adolescents with CF are able to estimate correctly their adherence to taking pancreatic enzymes, but definite conclusions cannot be made because of the small number of respondents.
Impact of particular antiepileptic drugs on the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Guthrie Greg D. , Eljamel Sam 
Published: November 2012

Object
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common astrocytic brain tumor and carries a dire prognosis. Despite current therapeutic options—surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—survival varies from 11.3 to 14.6 months. A group of drugs known as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) has demonstrated a potentially beneficial role in cancer treatment, particularly in combination with other therapies. A drug that exhibits potential as an HDI is sodium valproate (VPA), which is frequently used to treat seizures in patients with cerebral neoplasms. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of VPA as an antitumor agent in the management of patients with GBM.

Methods
A review was conducted in terms of how HDIs work, the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and the effects of AEDs on survival in a local cohort of patients diagnosed with GBM. The local cohort of patients was determined by reviewing the electronic histopathology and AED informatics systems. A meta-analysis of papers on the use of AEDs in GBM was also performed.

Results
The local cohort consisted of 236 patients with GBM, 210 of whom had complete data available for analysis, a median age of 62 years, and 1-year survival of 26%. Patients treated with AEDs had a significantly longer survival than those who were not (Mantel-Cox log-rank test 19.617, p < 0.001). Those treated with VPA had significantly longer survival than those who did not receive an AED (Mantel-Cox log-rank test 17.506, p < 0.001), and patients treated with VPA had a significantly longer survival than those who had received other AEDs (Mantel-Cox log-rank test 5.303, p < 0.02).

Conclusions
Authors of this study demonstrated evidence supporting the theory that VPA may benefit patients with GBM in terms of survival.
Laser speckle imaging identification of increases in cortical microcirculatory blood flow induced by motor activity during awake craniotomy
Authors: Klijn Eva , Hulscher Hester C. , Balvers Rutger K. , Holland Wim P. J. , Bakker Jan , Vincent Arnaud J. P. E. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Ince Can 
Published: November 2012

Object
The goal of awake neurosurgery is to maximize resection of brain lesions with minimal injury to functional brain areas. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a noninvasive macroscopic technique with high spatial and temporal resolution used to monitor changes in capillary perfusion. In this study, the authors hypothesized that LSI can be useful as a noncontact method of functional brain mapping during awake craniotomy for tumor removal. Such a modality would be an advance in this type of neurosurgery since current practice involves the application of invasive intraoperative single-point electrocortical (electrode) stimulation and measurements.

Methods
After opening the dura mater, patients were woken up, and LSI was set up to image the exposed brain area. Patients were instructed to follow a rest-activation-rest protocol in which activation consisted of the hand-clenching motor task. Subsequently, exposed brain areas were mapped for functional motor areas by using standard electrocortical stimulation (ECS). Changes in the LSI signal were analyzed offline and compared with the results of ECS.

Results
In functional motor areas of the hand mapped with ECS, cortical blood flow measured using LSI significantly increased from 2052 ± 818 AU to 2471 ± 675 AU during hand clenching, whereas capillary blood flow did not change in the control regions (areas mapped using ECS with no functional activity).

Conclusions
The main finding of this study was that changes in laser speckle perfusion as a measure of cortical microvascular blood flow when performing a motor task with the hand relate well to the ECS map. The authors have shown the feasibility of using LSI for direct visualization of cortical microcirculatory blood flow changes during neurosurgery.
Outcome after transfer of intercostal nerves to the nerve of triceps long head in 25 adult patients with total brachial plexus root avulsion injury
Authors: Gao KaiMing , Lao Jie , Zhao Xin , Gu YuDong 
Published: November 2012

Object
The intercostal nerves (ICNs) have been used to repair the triceps branch in some organizations in the world, but the reported results differ significantly. The effect of this procedure requires evaluation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the outcome of ICN transfer to the nerve of the long head of the triceps muscle and to determine the factors affecting the outcome of this procedure.

Methods
A retrospective review was conducted in 25 patients with global root avulsion brachial plexus injuries who underwent ICN transfer. The nerves of the long head of the triceps were the recipient nerves in all patients. The ICNs were used in 2 different ways: 2 ICNs were used as donor nerves in 18 patients, and 3 ICNs were used in 7 patients. The mean follow-up period was 5.6 years.

Results
The effective rate of motor recovery in the 25 patients was 56% for the function of the long head of the triceps. There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the patients with 2 or 3 ICN transfers. The outcome of this procedure was not altered if combined with phrenic nerve transfer to the biceps branch. Patients in whom surgery was delayed 6 months or less achieved better results.

Conclusions
The transfer of ICNs to the nerve of long head of the triceps is an effective procedure for treating global brachial plexus avulsion injuries, even if combined with phrenic nerve transfer to the biceps branch. Two ICNs appear to be sufficient for donation. The earlier the surgery is performed, the better are the results achieved.
Surgical indication and outcome in patients with postoperative retethered cord syndrome
Authors: Hayashi Toshiaki , Takemoto Jun , Ochiai Tatsuhiro , Kimiwada Tomomi , Shirane Reizo , Sakai Kiyohide , Nakagawa Haruo , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: November 2012

Object
After untethering of spinal dysraphism, some patients present with neurological deterioration, defined as retethered cord syndrome. It is known that surgical untethering is an option for improving the symptoms of retethered cord syndrome. Previous reports have shown that postoperative improvement in retethered cord syndrome was noted in the majority of patients presenting with pain, and in more patients with motor weakness than in those with urological symptoms. The authors speculate that subjective symptoms may be detected while symptoms are still reversible. In contrast, changes in urological function are less easy to diagnose, and delays in treatment may be complicated by advanced symptoms. In this study, patients with retethered cord syndrome were evaluated to investigate the benefits of performing routine urodynamic study to detect detrusor overactivity, which is considered to be a subclinical change of urological function, and to investigate the efficacy of early untethering surgery on the symptoms of retethered cord syndrome.

Methods
Surgical indications and outcomes of 78 untethering operations (20 for myelomeningocele, 58 for spinal lipoma) for retethered cord syndrome were examined. Diagnosis of retethered cord syndrome was defined by a multidisciplinary spina bifida team, and included routine urodynamic study.

Results
Preoperative symptoms included urological symptoms (70%), lower-extremity symptoms (45%), and others. The most frequent urological symptom was detrusor overactivity detected by urodynamic study (88.7%). Urinary incontinence was only found in 9.4% of patients. Postoperatively, progressive motor weakness improved in all patients, and sensory symptoms improved in 94%. Urological symptoms improved in 80% of the patients with urinary incontinence and in 75% of the patients with detrusor overactivity. Postoperative urodynamic study showed a significant increase in bladder volume (p < 0.05). The most common complication was temporary lower leg paresthesia that recovered at follow-up. Aggravated dysuria was noted in 3 patients.

Conclusions
Early untethering operations offer symptomatic relief to patients with retethered cord syndrome. Urodynamic study findings, especially detrusor overactivity, are considered to be the most significant indicators for early diagnosis of retethered cord syndrome.
Anatomy, ultrastructure, and secretory activity of the floral nectaries in Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae)
Authors: Paiva Elder A. S. 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: While mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is one of the most important forest species in the Amazon region, little is known about its reproductive biology. Knowledge about the nectary structure and dynamics of nectar production of this species represent a key step toward understanding its relationship with pollinators.• Methods: Mahogany tree floral buds and flowers in anthesis were collected, fixed, and processed for study by light and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of nectar and the nectary pigments was also studied.• Key results: Both staminate and pistillate flowers have nectaries, which contain a papillose epidermis and stomata. The nectariferous tissue is parenchymatous, with the cell cytoplasm primarily containing mitochondria and plastids. Secretory activity initiates at the beginning of anthesis, which occurs at nightfall. Flowers undergoing anthesis become structurally modified, with starch grains in the plastids disappearing. The number of plastoglobuli in the plastids also increases when nectaries change color from pale yellow to intense red. Pistillate and staminate flowers produce meager nectar rewards.• Conclusions: Changes in plastoglobuli number seem to be related to an increase in carotenes and color changes during anthesis. Carotenes can be linked to the protection of the plant against oxidative stress, which results from secretory activities. Nectary color has a limited role as a pollinator attractant. Floral rewards comprise small nectar droplets in both flower types, in addition to a few pollen grains in staminate flowers. These meager rewards are probably adapted to attract small generalist insects.
Comment Winnicott a découvert « son » enfant
Authors: Lehmann Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2012

L’enfant de Winnicott a été découvert par lui en trois étapes. La première a été celle du couple nourrice-nourrisson. La seconde, à travers l’analyse des psychotiques, celle du « développement affectif primaire ». La troisième, celle du chevauchement des deux aires de jeu.
« J'apprendrai à lire à 18 ans ! » : déchiffrage d'un désir
Authors: Saladin Catherine 
Published: November 2012

Quelle place le symptôme de « l’enfant qui n’apprend pas » occupe-t-il pour les parents, le pédagogue, le psychanalyste et comment entendre la demande de cet enfant dans le cadre du CMP ?
Les « enfants-sorciers » ou les rejetons de la guerre en Afrique Équatoriale. Un défi pour l'anthropologie psychanalytique
Authors: Degorge Virginie , Douville Olivier 
Published: November 2012

Prenant appui sur leurs expériences de terrain en Afrique auprès d’enfants et d’adolescents errants, et pour certains d’entre eux, anciens enfants sous la guerre, les auteurs interrogent le sens et la fonction de l’apparition du terme d’enfant-sorcier. Ce terme qui désigne souvent des enfants et des adolescents en grande précarité est le symptôme d’une cassure très importante des systèmes traditionnels de filiation et d’affiliation. Quelles conséquences ce phénomène a-t-il au plan anthropologique et clinique ?
Peut-on faire virtuellement équipe ?
Authors: Chevrier Sylvie 
Published: November 2012

Résumé À l’heure de la mise en réseau à l’échelle planétaire, des équipes de travail dispersées sur plusieurs continents et reliées par des moyens technologiques sont enjointes de réaliser des projets communs. Peut-on faire équipe quand les membres se tiennent à distance, sont issus de multiples cultures, s’expriment dans plusieurs langues, appartiennent à des institutions diverses et se rattachent à des identités professionnelles différentes ? Cet article s’appuie sur l’étude de trois équipes virtuelles dans le secteur des télécommunications pour analyser les processus de management, de leadership et de communication mobilisés dans ces équipes ainsi que leurs effets sur les interactions sociales. Malgré une série d’obstacles à l’engagement, à l’identification sociale et au développement du sentiment d’appartenance, la variété des dynamiques sociales à l’œuvre montre que les termes d’« équipe virtuelle » ne constituent pas une oxymore.