bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of All Causes Deaths and Alcohol‐Attributable Deaths Among Discharged Alcohol‐Dependent Patients
Authors: Park Subin , Hong Jin Pyo , Choi Soon Ho , Ahn Myung Hee 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAlcohol dependence is associated with increased mortality, but it is not clear whether certain laboratory abnormalities on admission predict premature death in discharged alcoholic patients. We examined total deaths and alcohol‐attributable deaths among discharged alcohol‐dependent patients in Korea, and the associated risk factors including laboratory abnormalities.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 442 patients who were admitted for alcohol dependence to a general hospital located in Seoul, Korea from January 1989 to December 2006. At the end of 2009, the risk of death among the discharged alcohol‐dependent patients was compared with that of the general population of Korea by calculating standardized mortality ratios. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to analyze the risk factors for total deaths and alcohol‐attributable deaths in these patients.ResultsTwenty‐nine percent (127/442) of the discharged alcoholic patients died during the study period. Mortality among these patients was 6.67 times higher than in the Korean population as a whole (7.12 times for men and 2.62 times for women). The most common causes of death were alcoholic liver disease and unspecified liver cirrhosis. Recurrent admission and low albumin level at admission were independently associated with both all causes and alcohol‐attributable mortality. High bilirubin level at admission was independently associated with alcohol‐attributable mortality.ConclusionsThese observations indicate a high risk of death in discharged alcohol‐dependent patients, particularly those who are repeatedly admitted to psychiatric wards or who yield abnormal laboratory findings.
Drivers and Performance Outcomes of Supplier Innovation Generation in Customer–Supplier Relationships: The Role of Power‐Dependence
Authors: Jean Ruey‐Jer “Bryan” , Kim Daekwan , Sinkovics Rudolf R. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWhile innovations generated by supply channel relationships, as opposed to individual partners, play an increasingly important role in the success of all supply chain partners, there has been a dearth of research in the literature on how supply chain relationships cultivate the process of such innovation generation. We explore supplier market knowledge acquisition, relationship learning, systems collaboration, and technological uncertainty as antecedents of supplier innovation generation, which is in turn hypothesized to positively affect the relationship performance of the supplier. Furthermore, supplier dependence on the buyer is investigated as a moderator of the effects of such antecedents on supplier innovation generation. Empirical tests, which used a sample of 236 Taiwanese executives, supported most of the hypotheses, and some implications of the results are discussed.
Testosterone/Estradiol Ratio Regulates NO-Induced Bladder Relaxation and Responsiveness to PDE5 Inhibitors
Authors: Vignozzi Linda , Filippi Sandra , Morelli Annamaria , Comeglio Paolo , Cellai Ilaria , Sarchielli Erica , Maneschi Elena , Mancina Rosa , Gacci Mauro , Vannelli Gabriella Barbara , Maggi Mario 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in treating lower urinary tract symptoms is supported by the extremely high expression and activity of PDE5 in male bladder. Although bladder function regulation is similar among genders, no data are available on PDE5 expression and activity in female bladder.

Aim
To investigate sex differences in PDE5 expression and biological activity in female bladder, as opposed to the male counterpart.

Main Outcome Measure
Gene and protein expression and enzymatic activity of PDE5.

Methods
We studied gene and protein expression, and enzymatic activity of PDE5 in bladder of male and female rats. A subgroup of female rats was ovariectomized and alternatively replaced with estradiol (E2), progesterone, and testosterone (T) alone or in combination with letrozole to completely abrogate T-induced E formation. As a readout of PDE5 activity, we studied vardenafil efficacy in potentiating sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced relaxation in bladder of the different experimental groups.

Results
SNP was three-log unit less potent in relaxing the male bladder than the female one. On the contrary, the PDE5-resistant cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) analog (Bromo-β-phenyl-1, N2-ethenoguanosine-3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate, Sp-isomer [SP-8-Br-PET-cGMPS]) was equipotent in relaxing male and female bladder. Vardenafil was more effective in potentiating SNP-induced bladder relaxation in male than in female. Accordingly, the cGMP-hydrolyzing activity of PDE5 was higher in male vs. female homogenates. In ovariectomized female rats, with or without sex-steroid replacement, vardenafil activity in potentiating SNP-induced bladder relaxation was associated with an increased T/E2 ratio. In particular, masculinization of ovariectomized rats—by the administration of T + letrozole—dramatically increased vardenafil capacity to potentiate SNP-induced relaxation.

Conclusion
In this study, we demonstrated that PDE5 activity is more pronounced in male as compared with female bladder and that T/E ratio positively regulates responsiveness to PDE5i, thus suggesting that male bladder is a more suitable target for PDE5i than the female counterpart.
The Effect of Grain Size on the Mechanical and Optical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintering‐Processed Magnesium Aluminate Spinel MgAl2O4
Authors: Rothman Amnon , Kalabukhov Sergey , Sverdlov Nataliya , Dariel Moshe P. , Frage Nahum 
Published: October 2012

The study deals with the effect of the SPS parameters and LiF doping on the mechanical and optical properties polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel (PMAS) with emphasis on the grain size of the final product. Sintering at 1300°C of undoped powder yielded fully dense submicrometer (0.4–0.6 μm) samples with elevated mechanical properties (1600HV and 300MPa bending strength). Doped samples had a larger, 40 μm grain size, lower, 1450HV, hardness and 150MPa bending strength. The transmittance of the doped samples (80% at 500 nm wavelength) was higher than that of the undoped ones. Thus, the required functionality of the ceramic dictates the choice of parameters for the fabrication of dense transparent PMAS.
Characterization and transcriptional analyses of cDNAs encoding three trypsin‐ and chymotrypsin‐like proteinases in Cry1Ab‐susceptible and Cry1Ab‐resistant strains of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis
Authors: Yang Yunlong , Zhu Yu Cheng , Ottea James , Husseneder Claudia , Leonard B. Rogers , Abel Craig , Luttrell Randall , Huang Fangneng 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDiatraea saccharalis is a major corn borer pest. Midgut serine proteinases are essential for insect growth and development. Alteration of midgut proteinases is responsible for Bt resistance development in some species. To clone midgut trypsin and chymotrypsin cDNAs and to test if the Cry1Ab resistance in D. saccharalis is associated with changes in midgut proteinases, total midgut tryptic and chymotryptic activities, cDNA sequences, and gene expressions of three trypsin and three chymotrypsin genes were comparatively examined between Cry1Ab‐susceptible (Cry1Ab‐SS) and Cry1Ab‐resistant (Cry1Ab‐RR) strains. Full‐length cDNAs encoding three trypsin‐ and three chymotrypsin‐like proteinases were sequenced from Cry1Ab‐SS and Cry1Ab‐RR larvae. These cDNAs code for active forms of midgut serine proteinases with all functional motifs, including signal peptide, conserved His‐Asp‐Ser for the catalytic triad, three pairs of cysteines for disulfide bridge configurations, and conserved substrate specificity determination residues. In general, cDNA and putative protein sequences are highly similar between Cry1Ab‐SS and Cry1Ab‐RR strains, except for a few nucleotide and predicted amino acid substitutions, whose function need to be further clarified. Total trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were also similar between Cry1Ab‐SS and Cry1Ab‐RR strains. Transcriptional levels of the trypsin and chymotrypsin genes had numerical difference between Cry1Ab‐SS and Cry1Ab‐RR strains, but the difference was not statistically significant. Data suggest that the development of Cry1Ab resistance in D. saccharalis was not significantly associated with these trypsins and chymotrypsins. Results clarified the role of six midgut proteinases and provided a foundation for continuing examination of potential involvement of other midgut proteinases in Bt resistance development and other important biochemical processes.
Cabbage waxes affect Trissolcus brochymenae response to short‐range synomones
Authors: Frati Francesca , Salerno Gianandrea , Conti Eric 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe show that induced synomones, emitted as a consequence of Murgantia histrionica activity on Brassica oleracea, are adsorbed by the epicuticular waxes of leaves and perceived by the egg parasitoid Trissolcus brochymenae. Leaves were exposed to M. histrionica females placed on the abaxial leaf surface. After 24 h, the leaves were treated mechanically using gum arabic, or chemically using chloroform, on the adaxial surface, and finally the adaxial surface was assayed with T. brochymenae by two‐choice tests in a closed arena. Wasp females responded to mechanically dewaxed cabbage leaf portions with feeding punctures and footprints (Ff) and with feeding punctures, oviposition and footprints (FOf), showing no effect of wax removal. In contrast, the removal of the epicuticular waxes from leaf portions close to FOf, and from leaves with oviposition and footprints (Of), determined the lack of responses by T. brochymenae. Solvent extracts of different treatments were bioassayed, but only FOf triggered parasitoid response. Thus the detection of oviposition‐induced synomones by the parasitoid depends on their adsorption by the epicuticular waxes. Mechanical wax removal from leaf portions contaminated with host footprints (f) also determined a lack of wasp responses, suggesting that the footprints might trigger the induction of a “footprint‐induced synomone” adsorbed onto the epicuticular waxes and exploited by the parasitoid. Leaf portions with the abaxial lamina previously dewaxed and then contaminated by footprints (D+f) of M. histrionica did not affect the parasitoid response, indicating that the abaxial epicuticular waxes are not directly involved in the chemicals induced by M. histrionica footprints.
Textural Characteristic, Antioxidant Activity, Sugar, Organic Acid, and Phenolic Profiles of 10 Promising Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Selections
Authors: Gao Qing‐Han , Wu Chun‐Sen , Yu Jin‐Gang , Wang Min , Ma Yu‐Jie , Li Cui‐Li 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  Ten promising jujubes were analyzed for textural characteristic (hardness), antioxidant activity, sugar, organic acid, and phenolic profiles. Total phenolic content (TP) measured by Folin–Ciocalteu method ranged from 275.6 to 541.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents per 100 g fresh weight (mg GAE/100 g FW). Four sugars (rhamnose, fructose, sucrose, and glucose), 3 organic acids (malic, citric, and succinic acids), and 11 phenolic compounds (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, cinnamic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, and quercetin) were identified and quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography in jujube fruits. The results showed that ascorbic acid and proanthocyanidins contents were positively correlated with hardness, and antioxidant activity was well correlated with TP content. Among 10 jujube cultivars, Zizyphus jujuba cv. Qingjianmuzao is good for direct consumption containing high levels of total soluble solids, total sugars, fructose, and glucose, while Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jiaxianmuzao could be an important dietary source of natural antioxidants.Practical Application:  Genotype is the main factor influencing the composition of bioactive compounds in jujubes. Zizyphus jujuba cv. Qingjianmuzao is good for direct consumption, while Zizyphus jujuba cv. Jiaxianmuzao could be an important dietary source of natural antioxidants for prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress.
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of three concentrations of insulin aspart during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in a pig model
Authors: Petersen Signe Beck , Nielsen Flemming Seier , Ribel Ulla , Sturis Jeppe , Skyggebjerg Ole 
Published: October 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of insulin aspart (IAsp) in three different concentrations given as a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Methods
A randomized cross-over study was performed in pigs, where IAsp U200, U100 or U20 was given for 8 h with the same total dose. Six pigs were included and blood was sampled during the CSII and 3 h after.

Key findings
The half-life (t1/2) was 24.3 (range 17.3–41.3), 28.8 (range 19.6–54.3) and 23.6 (range 17.4–36.8) min for U200, U100 and U20, respectively. The area under the curve per dose (AUC/D) was determined to be 51.2 ± 19.5, 52.3 ± 12.5 and 51.6 ± 6.7 pm × min/kg for U200, U100 and U20, respectively. The steady state plasma concentration (Css) was 57.5 ± 27.1, 54.3 ± 10.3 and 55.1 ± 8.0 pm (mean ± SD) for U200, U100 and U20, respectively. Time to steady state (Tss) was 110 ± 36, 98 ± 48 and 90 ± 27 min for U200, U100 and U20, respectively.

Conclusions
In conclusion, no significant difference was found in t1/2, AUC/D, Css or Tss between the three IAsp concentrations when given at a basal rate in CSII.
Adolescent Depression: Meeting Therapeutic Challenges Through an Integrated Narrative Approach
Authors: Bennett Lorna Ruth 
Published: October 2012

TopicThe adolescent period is a time of transition and change often associated with losses and adjustment issues at the family, school, and individual levels. When this normal developmental transition is interrupted and compounded by depressive illness, treatment needs and nursing therapeutic challenges can be daunting.PurposeThis clinically based article explores the clinical process and progress in work with a 14‐year‐old adolescent boy who was diagnosed with a major depressive episode. Core clinical features, distinguishing characteristics of depression in youth, as well as specific therapeutic issues and challenges are discussed. The value of an integrated clinical approach with special emphasis on narrative methods both for achievement of clinical goals and for establishing a therapeutic alliance is highlighted.Sources UsedThe study used published literature and the author's professional and clinical experiences.ConclusionNursing therapeutics with adolescents experiencing depression must embrace a holistic integrated approach to adolescent recovery with an emphasis on what works with each unique clinical situation. Special attention to the nurse–adolescent therapeutic alliance not only facilitates achievement of therapeutic goals related to the depressive illness, but in addition, supports the shaping of a new self‐narrative, wholeness, and healthy adolescent development and well‐being.
A Pilot Program to Address Healthy Sexual Behaviors Among Girls in Juvenile Detention
Authors: Herrman Judith W. , Waterhouse Julie K. 
Published: October 2012

PurposeThis pilot study was designed to determine the effectiveness of an intervention on sexual behavior among girls in juvenile detention.MethodsThe pre/posttest model assessed for changes in knowledge, attitudes, and reported behaviors. This program merged three curricula to create the unique Young Women Get Real Program with nursing student program facilitators.FindingsDespite high levels of satisfaction with the program, the data related to the final sample (n = 35) failed to reveal significant changes in measured variables.ConclusionsThe results may inform nurses as they pursue interventions to promote responsible sexual behavior in selected populations.
Childhood Predictors of Adolescent Competence and Self‐Worth in Rural Youth
Authors: Rew Lynn , Grady Matthew W. , Spoden Micajah 
Published: October 2012

ProblemUrban children who become competent adults despite circumstances that place their development and mental health at risk are considered to be resilient. Less is known about the risk and protective factors that characterize resilience among Hispanic/Latinos living in rural areas.MethodsData for regression analyses were collected when children (n = 603; 54% Hispanic/Latino) enrolled in the study in fifth grade (M = 10.4 years of age), and again 5 years later when they were in high school (M = 15 years of age).FindingsStatistically significant predictors of competence and self‐worth in high schoolers included gender, ethnicity, and mother's education, as well as stress, temperament (task persistence), and competences measured in grade school.ConclusionsParents' perception of child's temperament is a significant predictor of future competence and self‐worth among rural adolescents.
Emergence of 13_A2 Blue Lineage of Phytophthora infestans was Responsible for Severe Outbreaks of Late Blight on Tomato in South‐West India
Authors: Chowdappa Pallem , Kumar Nirmal B. J. , Madhura Shivanna , Kumar Mohan S. P. , Myers Kevin L. , Fry William E. , Squires Julie N. , Cooke David E. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPrior to 2007, late blight was not reported as a serious threat to tomato cultivation in India although the disease has been known on potato since 1953. During the July–December cropping season of 2009 and 2010, severe late blight epidemics were observed in Karnataka state of India, causing crop losses up to 100%. Nineteen Phytophthora isolates, recovered from late blight affected tomato tissues from different localities in Karnataka state between 2009 and 2010, were identified as Phytophthora infestans based on morphology, a similarity search of ITS sequences at GenBank and species‐specific PCR using PINF/ITS5 primer pair. The isolates were further assessed for metalaxyl sensitivity, mating type, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype, DNA fingerprinting patterns based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) and RFLPs using the RG57 probe and aggressiveness on tomato. All isolates were metalaxyl resistant, A2 mating type, mtDNA haplotype Ia and had identical SSR and RG57 fingerprints and highly aggressive on tomato. The phenotypic and genotypic characters of isolates examined in this study were found to be similar to that of 13_A2 genotype of P. infestans population reported in Europe. Thus, appearance of new population similar to 13_A2 genotype was responsible for severe late blight epidemics on tomato in South‐West India.
Methods to quantify components of the excavating sponge Cliona orientalis Thiele, 1900
Authors: Fang James K. H. , Schönberg Christine H. L. , Kline David I. , Hoegh‐Guldberg Ove , Dove Sophie 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study applied the loss after combustion (LAC) method and the acid decalcification (ADC) method to quantify different components of an excavating sponge. Samples of dried coral skeleton of Favia sp. invaded by the Indo‐Pacific excavating sponge Cliona orientalis Thiele, 1900 were used. The sponge tissue penetrated the 12‐mm‐thick samples to approximately 10 mm. The average proportional weight of organic matter, siliceous spicules, calcareous substrate and salts in the entire samples was found to be respectively 2.5%, 4.4%, 90.5% and 2.5% of dry weight applying the LAC method, and 2.9%, 5.9%, 89.0% and 2.3% of dry weight applying the ADC method. Respective volumetric proportions of the organic matter, spicules, substrate and salts were then calculated to be 6.4%, 5.5%, 85.2% and 3.0% of volume with the LAC method, and 7.4%, 7.2%, 82.7% and 2.7% of volume with the ADC method. The LAC method showed low variability of data and is simple and fast and therefore is recommended. The ADC method generated very similar results to the LAC method. However, due to the handling involved in the ADC method, more than half of the spicules may be lost and the method is therefore not recommended unless careful data corrections are considered. In addition, the buoyant weight method was used to quantify actual substrate weight in the fresh sponge‐substrate samples. This method was found to be at least 97% effective, revealing that buoyant weights can potentially be used to quantify bioerosion rates of excavating sponges. To our knowledge, this is the first study to systemically quantify organic and inorganic components of an excavating sponge and its calcareous substrate, providing improved standard methods for future studies.
The ecological and genetic basis of convergent thick‐lipped phenotypes in cichlid fishes
Authors: Colombo Marco , Diepeveen Eveline T. , Muschick Moritz , Santos M. EMILIA , Indermaur Adrian , Boileau Nicolas , Barluenga Marta , Salzburger Walter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe evolution of convergent phenotypes is one of the most interesting outcomes of replicate adaptive radiations. Remarkable cases of convergence involve the thick‐lipped phenotype found across cichlid species flocks in theEastAfricanGreatLakes. Unlike most other convergent forms in cichlids, which are restricted toEastAfrica, the thick‐lipped phenotype also occurs elsewhere, for example in theCentralAmericanMidasCichlid assemblage. Here, we use an ecological genomic approach to study the function, the evolution and the genetic basis of this phenotype in two independent cichlid adaptive radiations on two continents. We applied phylogenetic, demographic, geometric morphometric and stomach content analyses to anAfrican (Lobochilotes labiatus) and aCentralAmerican (Amphilophus labiatus) thick‐lipped species. We found that similar morphological adaptations occur in both thick‐lipped species and that the ‘fleshy’ lips are associated with hard‐shelled prey in the form of molluscs and invertebrates. We then used comparativeIlluminaRNAsequencing of thick vs. normal lip tissue inEastAfrican cichlids and identified a set of 141 candidate genes that appear to be involved in the morphogenesis of this trait. A more detailed analysis of six of these genes led to three strong candidates:Actb,Cldn7andCopb. The function of these genes can be linked to the loose connective tissue constituting the fleshy lips. Similar trends in gene expression betweenAfrican andCentralAmerican thick‐lipped species appear to indicate that an overlapping set of genes was independently recruited to build this particular phenotype in both lineages.