bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D receptor gene silencing effects on differentiation of myogenic cell lines
Authors: Tanaka Masahiko , Kishimoto Koshi N. , Okuno Hiroshi , Saito Hideo , Itoi Eiji 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The active form of vitamin D (1,25‐dihydroxy‐vitamin D3) is known to increase fast‐type myosin heavy chain expression in differentiated myogenic cell lines. The mechanisms for this effect are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the role of signals transmitted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR) during differentiation of myoblasts. Methods: Electroporation was used to introduce VDR siRNA molecules into C2C12 and G8 murine myoblast cell lines. Gene and protein expression profiles of VDR‐gene silenced cells were analyzed in vitro. Results: Suppressing VDR expression by RNA interference resulted in inhibition of myogenic differentiation of C2C12 and G8 cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions: Our results suggest that myoblasts require signals transmitted through VDR for differentiation into myocytes and emphasize the importance of VDR expression in skeletal muscles for maintaining muscle volume in the elderly. Muscle Nerve 49: 700–708, 2014
Sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy and immunoglobulin deposition disease
Authors: Doppler Kathrin , Knop Stefan , Einsele Hermann , Sommer Claudia , Wessig Carsten 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In monoclonal gammopathy, organ dysfunction can occur due to deposition of immunoglobulin fragments. A rare form of acquired myopathy often associated with monoclonal gammopathy is sporadic late onset nemaline myopathy (SLONM), which is characterized by nemaline rods in myofibers. The pathogenetic link between monoclonal gammopathy and SLONM has not yet been elucidated. Methods: Case report of a patient with monoclonal gammopathy who developed a progressive myopathy, finally diagnosed as SLONM. Results: A muscle biopsy showed mild myopathic changes. A second biopsy 1 year after clinical onset demonstrated deposition of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains and the presence of nemaline rods. The patient experienced marked improvement of muscle strength after autologous stem cell transplantation and treatment with bortezomib, a therapy that is known to be effective in light chain deposition disease. Conclusions: We speculate that deposition of light and heavy chains, rather than nemaline bodies, has myotoxic effects on skeletal muscle. Muscle Nerve 48: 983–988, 2013
Oestrogens and overactive bladder
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda , Milsom Ian , Pons Montserrat Espuna , Kirby Michael , Koelbl Heinz , Vierhout Mark 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEstrogens are known to have a major role in the function of the lower urinary tract although the role of exogenous estrogen replacement therapy in the management of women with lower urinary tract dysfunction remains controversial. Whilst for many years systemic and vaginal estrogen therapy was felt to be beneficial in the treatment of lower urinary and genital tract symptoms this evidence has recently been challenged by large epidemiological studies investigating the use of systemic hormone replacement therapy. Consequently the role of estrogen in the management of postmenopausal women with Overactive Bladder (OAB) remains uncertain. In addition the evidence base regarding the use of exogenous estrogen therapy has changed significantly over the last decade and has led to a major changes in current clinical practice. The aim of this article is to review the evidence for the role of estrogen therapy in the management of OAB focusing on current knowledge with regard to both systemic and local estrogen therapy as well as investigating the emerging role of combination therapy with antimuscarinic agents. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1086–1091, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A monolithic computational approach to thermo‐structure interaction
Authors: Danowski Caroline , Gravemeier Volker , Yoshihara Lena , Wall Wolfgang A. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn the present work, a monolithic solution approach for thermo‐structure interaction problems motivated by the challenging application of the behaviour of rocket nozzles is proposed. Structural and thermal fields are independently discretised via finite elements. The resulting system of equations is solved via a monolithic thermo‐structure interaction scheme, which is constructed by a block Gauss–Seidel preconditioner in combination with algebraic multigrid methods. The proposed method is tested for four numerical examples, the second Danilovskaya problem, a simplified rocket nozzle configuration, an internally loaded hollow sphere, and a fully three‐dimensional nozzle configuration of a subscale thrust chamber. Good agreement of the numerical results with results from the literature is observed. Furthermore, it is shown that the monolithic solution algorithm can handle the complete range of the parameter spectrum, whereas partitioned algorithms are limited to a certain parameter range only. Moreover, the monolithic algorithm exhibits improved efficiency and robustness compared to partitioned algorithms. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic spectral coarse spaces for robust finite element tearing and interconnecting and balanced domain decomposition algorithms
Authors: Spillane N. , Rixen D.J. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYWe introduce spectral coarse spaces for the balanced domain decomposition and the finite element tearing and interconnecting methods. These coarse spaces are specifically designed for the two‐level methods to be scalable and robust with respect to the coefficients in the equation and the choice of the decomposition. We achieve this by solving generalized eigenvalue problems on the interfaces between subdomains to identify the modes that slow down convergence. Theoretical bounds for the condition numbers of the preconditioned operators, which depend only on a chosen threshold, and the maximal number of neighbors of a subdomain are presented and proved. For the finite element tearing and interconnecting method, there are two versions of the two‐level method: one based on the full Dirichlet preconditioner and the other on the, cheaper, lumped preconditioner. Some numerical tests confirm these results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is dopamine still the key to treating schizophrenia?
Authors: Titmarsh Steve 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCurrent antipsychotics are useful in treating schizophrenia but do not offer a complete solution to managing the illness. Recent research suggests that modifying targets upstream of dopamine receptor blockade may hold the key to an improved psychopharmacological approach, explained Dr Oliver Howes, Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, speaking at a satellite symposium organised by Roche at the 12th Latest Advances in Psychiatry meeting in London in March. Steve Titmarsh reports.
Endobronchial lesion due to pulmonary Fusobacterium nucleatum infection in a child
Authors: Gedik Ahmet H. , Cakir Erkan , Soysal Omer , Umutoğlu Tarık 
Published: July 2013

SummaryClinically significant infections due to the members of the genus Fusobacterium are rare. The clinical manifestations of pulmonary Fusobacterium nucleatum infections range from simple aspiration pneumonia to severe diseases as necrotizing pneumonia, lung abscess, and empyema. Endobronchial lesions and obstructions are rarely seen in children and are often a misdiagnosed result in delay of definitive treatment. Here, we report a case of endobronchial lesion due to pulmonary F. nucleatum infection in an entirely healthy child before illness. This is the first case reported in the literature of endobronchial lesion due to pulmonary F. nucleatum infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E63–E65. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, construction, and characterization of a second‐generation DARPin library with reduced hydrophobicity
Authors: Seeger Markus A. , Zbinden Reto , Flütsch Andreas , Gutte Petrus G. M. , Engeler Sibylle , Roschitzki‐Voser Heidi , Grütter Markus G. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTDesigned ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are well‐established binding molecules based on a highly stable nonantibody scaffold. Building on 13 crystal structures of DARPin‐target complexes and stability measurements of DARPin mutants, we have generated a new DARPin library containing an extended randomized surface. To counteract the enrichment of unspecific hydrophobic binders during selections against difficult targets containing hydrophobic surfaces such as membrane proteins, the frequency of apolar residues at diversified positions was drastically reduced and substituted by an increased number of tyrosines. Ribosome display selections against two human caspases and membrane transporter AcrB yielded highly enriched pools of unique and strong DARPin binders which were mainly monomeric. We noted a prominent enrichment of tryptophan residues during binder selections. A crystal structure of a representative of this library in complex with caspase‐7 visualizes the key roles of both tryptophans and tyrosines in providing target contacts. These aromatic and polar side chains thus substitute the apolar residues valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and phenylalanine of the original DARPins. Our work describes biophysical and structural analyses required to extend existing binder scaffolds and simplifies an existing protocol for the assembly of highly diverse synthetic binder libraries.
Honey bees, neonicotinoids and bee incident reports: the Canadian situation
Authors: Cutler G. Christopher , Scott‐Dupree Cynthia D. , Drexler David M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeonicotinoid insecticides have been the target of much scrutiny as possible causes of recent declines observed in pollinator populations. Although neonicotinoids have been implicated in honey bee pesticide incidents, there has been little examination of incident report data. Here we summarize honey bee incident report data obtained from the Canadian Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA).RESULTSIn Canada, there were very few honey bee incidents reported in 2007–2011 and data were not collected prior to 2007. In 2012, a significant number of incidents were reported in the province of Ontario, where exposure to neonicotinoid dust during planting of corn was suspected to have caused the incident in up to 70% of cases. Most of these incidents were classified as ‘minor’ by the PMRA, and only six cases were considered ‘moderate’ or ‘major’. In that same year, there were over three times as many moderate or major incidents due to older non‐neonicotinoid pesticides, involving numbers of hives or bees far greater than the number of moderate or major incidents suspected to be due to neonicotinoid poisoning.CONCLUSIONSThese data emphasize that, while exposure of honey bees to neonicotinoid‐contaminated dust during corn planting needs to be mitigated, other pesticides also pose a risk. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of insecticides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under laboratory conditions
Authors: Laznik Žiga , Trdan Stanislav 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to increase our knowledge on the susceptibility of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species to agrochemicals, the compatibility of the infective juveniles (IJs) of the EPN (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) with eight chemical and bio‐insecticides was investigated under laboratory conditions. The effect of direct IJ exposure to insecticides for 6 and 24 h was tested in a Petri dish at 15, 20 and 25 °C.RESULTSThe study showed that S. carpocapsae and S. kraussei are sensitive to all tested insecticides. Steinernema feltiae is compatible with azadirachtin, toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and imidacloprid, while H. bacteriophora is sensitive only to abamectin and lufenuron. The percentage of IJs that survived was statistically the highest after 6 h at 15 °C (82%) and 20 °C (80%). At 25 °C (76%) it was statistically the lowest. After 24 h there were no statistically significant differences observed between 15 °C (55%) and 20 °C (55%), while at 25 °C, the statistically largest percentage of IJs (59%) survived.CONCLUSIONBased on our research, we conclude that compatibility is not only a species‐specific, but also a strain‐specific characteristic. Steinernema feltiae and H. bacteriophora are compatible with azadirachtin and pirimicarb and might offer a cost‐effective alternative to pest control against different vegetable pests. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Provable ownership of files in deduplication cloud storage
Authors: Yang Chao , Ren Jian , Ma Jianfeng 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWith the rapid adoption of cloud storage services, a great deal of data is being stored at remote servers, so a new technology, client‐side deduplication, which stores only a single copy of repeating data, is proposed to identify the client's deduplication and save the bandwidth of uploading copies of existing files to the server. It was recently found, however, that this promising technology is vulnerable to a new kind of attack in which by learning just a small piece of information about the file, namely its hash value, an attacker is able to obtain the entire file from the server. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose a cryptographically secure and efficient scheme for a client to prove to the server his ownership on the basis of actual possession of the entire original file instead of only partial information about it. Our scheme utilizes the technique of spot checking in which the client only needs to access small portions of the original file, dynamic coefficients and randomly chosen indices of the original files. Our extensive security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can generate provable ownership of the file and maintain high detection probability of client misbehavior. Both performance analysis and simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is much more efficient than the existing schemes, especially in reducing the burden of the client. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Confidence intervals after multiple imputation: combining profile likelihood information from logistic regressions
Authors: Heinze Georg , Ploner Meinhard , Beyea Jan 
Published: July 2013

In the logistic regression analysis of a small‐sized, case‐control study on Alzheimer's disease, some of the risk factors exhibited missing values, motivating the use of multiple imputation. Usually, Rubin's rules (RR) for combining point estimates and variances would then be used to estimate (symmetric) confidence intervals (CIs), on the assumption that the regression coefficients were distributed normally. Yet, rarely is this assumption tested, with or without transformation. In analyses of small, sparse, or nearly separated data sets, such symmetric CI may not be reliable. Thus, RR alternatives have been considered, for example, Bayesian sampling methods, but not yet those that combine profile likelihoods, particularly penalized profile likelihoods, which can remove first order biases and guarantee convergence of parameter estimation.To fill the gap, we consider the combination of penalized likelihood profiles (CLIP) by expressing them as posterior cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) obtained via a chi‐squared approximation to the penalized likelihood ratio statistic. CDFs from multiple imputations can then easily be averaged into a combined CDFc, allowing confidence limits for a parameterβ at level 1 − αto be identified as thoseβ* andβ** that satisfy CDFc(β*) = α ∕ 2 and CDFc(β**) = 1 − α ∕ 2.We demonstrate that the CLIP method outperforms RR in analyzing both simulated data and data from our motivating example. CLIP can also be useful as a confirmatory tool, should it show that the simpler RR are adequate for extended analysis. We also compare the performance of CLIP to Bayesian sampling methods using Markov chain Monte Carlo. CLIP is available in the R package logistf. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grain Boundary Sliding in Aluminum Nano‐Bi‐Crystals Deformed at Room Temperature
Authors: Aitken Zachary H. , Jang Dongchan , Weinberger Christopher R. , Greer Julia R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRoom‐temperature uniaxial compressions of 900‐nm‐diameter aluminum bi‐crystals, each containing a high‐angle grain boundary with a plane normal inclined at 24° to the loading direction, revealed frictional sliding along the boundary plane to be the dominant deformation mechanism. The top crystallite sheared off as a single unit in the course of compression instead of crystallographic slip and extensive dislocation activity, as would be expected. Compressive stress strain data of deforming nano bicrystals was continuous, in contrast to single crystalline nano structures that show a stochastic stress strain signature, and displayed a peak in stress at the elastic limit of ∼176 MPa followed by gradual softening and a plateau centered around ∼125 MPa. An energetics‐based physical model, which may explain observed room‐temperature grain boundary sliding, in presented, and observations are discussed within the framework of crystalline nano‐plasticity and defect microstructure evolution.
How feasible is expectant management of interstitial ectopic pregnancy?
Authors: Poon L. C. Y. , Emmanuel E. , Ross J. A. , Johns J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo review the success rate of expectant management in a series of interstitial pregnancies.MethodsWe identified all women with an ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy seen within a 9‐year period (January 2004 to April 2013). The clinical history, ultrasound findings and biochemical results were reviewed. The outcome of all interstitial pregnancies managed conservatively was recorded. Treatment was considered as successful when the serum β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) level declined below 20 IU/L without the need for further intervention.ResultsA total of 48 interstitial pregnancies were diagnosed during the study period. Surgery was the first‐line treatment in nine (18.8%) cases. Thirty‐eight (79.2%) women were offered non‐surgical management: 19 (39.6%) had methotrexate (MTX) and 19 (39.6%) were managed expectantly. One (2.1%) woman returned to her local hospital following diagnosis and we were unable to obtain any follow‐up information regarding her care. The median initial serum β‐hCG level and ectopic size were not significantly different between any of the groups according to initial treatment. The overall success rate of expectant management was 89.5%. There were no cases of ectopic rupture in this group. Length of follow‐up ranged from 7 to 141 days with a median duration of follow‐up of 50.6 days.ConclusionOur data show that expectant management is an option for selected women with non‐viable interstitial pregnancies and declining serum β‐hCG levels, irrespective of ectopic mass size and initial serum β‐hCG levels. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Compliance constants: are they of any real use?
Authors: Baker Jon 
Published: July 2013

It is demonstrated once again that compliance constants (diagonal elements of the compliance matrix) or their inverses, relaxed force constants, cannot be reliably used as indicators of the strength of weak interatomic interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, as has frequently been proposed in the mainstream scientific literature. They are a measure, not just of the direct interaction between two atoms, but also of the contribution from all the indirect, or through‐bond, interactions as well. Any approach involving compliance constants that purports to measure the strength of a specific chemical bond must find a way of removing the through‐bond interactions. It would seem likely that such an approach must therefore involve off‐diagonal elements of the compliance matrix and not just the diagonal elements.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
ChemShell—a modular software package for QM/MM simulations
Authors: Metz Sebastian , Kästner Johannes , Sokol Alexey A. , Keal Thomas W. , Sherwood Paul 
Published: July 2013

ChemShell is a modular computational chemistry package with a particular focus on hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations. A core set of chemical data handling modules and scripted interfaces to a large number of quantum chemistry and molecular modeling packages underpin a flexible QM/MM scheme. ChemShell has been used in the study of small molecules, molecular crystals, biological macromolecules such as enzymes, framework materials including zeolites, ionic solids, and surfaces. We outline the range of QM/MM coupling schemes and supporting functions for system setup, geometry optimization, and transition‐state location (including those from the open‐source DL‐FIND optimization library). We discuss recently implemented features allowing a more efficient treatment of long range electrostatic interactions, X‐ray based quantum refinement of crystal structures, free energy methods, and excited‐state calculations. ChemShell has been ported to a range of parallel computers and we describe a number of options including parallel execution based on the message‐passing capabilities of the interfaced packages and task‐farming for applications in which a number of individual QM, MM, or QM/MM calculations can performed simultaneously. We exemplify each of the features by brief reference to published applications.This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Software > Molecular Modeling
An experimental and computational assessment of blockage effects on wind turbine wake development
Authors: McTavish S. , Feszty D. , Nitzsche F. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the initial wake expansion in scaled wind turbine tests as a means to guide future wake interference studies. Five scaled wind turbine rotors with different diameters were designed for testing in a closed‐loop water channel to evaluate the effects of blockage on the initial wake expansion behind a wind turbine. The initial wake expansion was assessed by using quantitative dye visualization to identify the propagation of tip vortices downstream of the rotor. The thrust coefficient developed by the scaled models was recorded using a six‐component balance and was correlated to the downstream wake expansion. The rotors used in the experiment were operated at a tip speed ratio of 6, a Reynolds number based on the tip speed and tip chord of approximately 23,000 and resulted in blockage values that ranged from 6% to 25%. Dye visualization indicated that the initial wake expansion downstream of a rotor was narrowed and that tip vortex pairing behaviour was modified because of increasing blockage. Blockage effects were significant and resulted in a wake that was more than 50% narrower when blockage was 25% compared with the observed expansion with 10% blockage. A computational simulation was conducted with the Generalized Unsteady Vortex Particle (GENUVP) discrete vortex method code using the rotor in freestream conditions and was compared with the experiments. The magnitude of the wake expansion in the freestream computations was similar to the wake expansion in the experiment when blockage was less than 10%. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.