bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IG ii2. 450b, ll. 7–8: An Emendation
Authors: Ellis J. R. 
Published: September 2013

This is the second of two pieces (connected by Wilhelm, BSA vii. 156 ff.) of an Athenian inscription recording honours granted in 314–313 B.C. to a Macedonian, Asandros. The purpose of this note is to point out an error begun by Pittakis (L'ancienne Athènes 494; cf. IG ii. 410) and perpetuated by Wilhelm (loc. cit.) and Kirchner (IG ii2. 450b; cf. also Wycherley in The Athenian Agora iii, no. 278), in spite of an accurate copy by Koehler (IG ii. 5, p. 109, no. 410). The latest restored version (Kirchner's) runs in part (ll. 7–9):This piece of the inscription is regular stoichedon (though section a has some minor irregularities: Wilhelm 160), each line with 21 letters; the restoration ἐ[ξεῖ]|ναι gives 23 to l. 7. The space after epsilon is quite unreadable but is large enough for only one letter, and the edges of the stone are sufficiently well preserved to make it certain that no additional letters were inscribed at the end of l. 7 or the beginning of l. 8. The word must therefore be restored ε[ἶ]|ναι, with the same sense as ἐξεῖναι. Clearly, as Wilhelm noted (158), Asandros was himself responsible for the erection of his statue.
The Type of the Crouching Child and the ‘Temple Boys’
Authors: Hadzisteliou-Price Theodora 
Published: September 2013

Statuettes of children crouching on the floor with one knee bent up or both legs folded have been found in many parts of Greece, in sanctuaries, graves, and living quarters. In the course of a study of the cult of the Greek Kourotrophos there arose the problem of their typology and interpretation, as such statuettes are common finds in the sanctuaries of deities concerned with child-care. Before one can come to any speculations about their meaning and use, the type must be examined; its origin, distribution, and variations.The crouching posture is not uncommon in eastern, especially Egyptian art. Child-Horus, crouching on the lotus, appears in Egyptianizing Phoenician ivories from the early first millennium B.C. Faience pendants of a squatting child, datedc. 900 B.C., were excavated in tombs in Lachish. Most interesting for this study is the small faience statuette of a crouching boy from an Egyptian grave, now in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford (Plate 20, 1). It is exactly in the posture that the Greek examples appear in: one knee bent up, the other on the floor; it has its finger on its mouth and bears the side-curl of youth. A real child is represented. This is also the case with three statuettes in the British Museum, one in copper and two in ivory, the latter inscribed with the names and titles of the owners. They too come from graves. All are dated around the beginning of the second millennium B.C. by a statuette of the same type coming from the tomb of the Pharaoh Pepi II. It is interesting to know that this posture and the hand on the mouth, as well as the nudity, are significant of young age in Egypt, since the hieroglyph for youth is a naked figure in this posture.
A Note on the Recent Excavations at Mycenae, and the Scheme Proposed for their Publication
Authors: Taylour W. D. 
Published: September 2013

The following article by K. A. Wardle is the first of a series of studies on the finds from the excavation known as the Citadel House, a name given by Professor Wace to an area on the Mycenae acropolis to the south of Schliemann's grave circle. Its exact situation is between the South House and Tsountas's House and next to the Cyclopaean wall. In effect it is a continuation southwards of the so-called South House that Wace excavated in 1922. He recognized at that time that he had uncovered only a small part of a large building but circumstances did not permit him to proceed further with the excavation. Only in 1954 was work resumed on this site as part of a large programme that was mainly concerned with areas outside the citadel. To distinguish it from these other areas it was given the name of the ‘Citadel House’, a non-committal term but one that, in view of the later importance of the site, was liable to lead to misunderstanding, implying that it was the only house on the acropolis.Professor Wace, had he lived, would no doubt have considered changing the designation but in deference to his memory the name has been retained and it has been used in all the short provisional reports that have appeared to date. Professor Mylonas, who understandably dislikes the present designation, refers to the site as ‘Wace's House’, but I think that Wace would not have favoured such a term. One cannot now say what other name he would have preferred to substitute, but I do not think he would have objected to the term ‘South House’, and unquestionably part of the ‘Citadel House’ is an extension of the South House; but one must bear in mind that the buildings that have been uncovered between the South House and Tsountas's House do not always have the same axis as the former.
Late Minoan IIIB Pottery from Knossos
Authors: Popham Mervyn 
Published: September 2013

In two recent articles in this periodical the author has considered Late Minoan IIIB and IIIC pottery from Crete. In both these studies, material surviving from Evans' excavation of the Little Palace at Knossos has been mentioned and in part illustrated. It is the main purpose of this article to describe this pottery in greater detail and, at the same time, to take some account of two comparable but small deposits from recent excavations at Knossos. Since only a few vases could be restored from these deposits, use will be made of other material to illustrate whole vases and to give a more complete picture.The pottery from the Little Palace, which we shall be considering, was excavated by Evans in 1908 and derives mainly from two regions: the rooms south of the Shrine (and adjacent to the main staircase) and the courtyard between this building and the Unexplored Mansion. Neither are closed deposits, for they contain a considerable admixture of L.M. IIIA sherds. It has, therefore, been necessary to select the IIIB pottery on stylistic and not stratigraphical grounds. But knowledge of similar material from better-stratified deposits elsewhere has made this selection less arbitrary than it would otherwise have been. The Little Palace pottery (Plates 47a–f; 48a, b, d; 50b; 51a–f) consists almost entirely of decorated sherds and, clearly, most of the plain fragments were thrown away.
Ancient Remains on Mount Mavrovouni, South Boeotia
Authors: Tomlinson R. A. , Fossey J. M. 
Published: September 2013

Viewed from the promontory of Perachora—and especially by night—there is a great contrast between the southern shores of the Gulf of Corinth and the northern shore of the Halcyonic gulf. To the south an almost continuous line of habitation is clearly visible—to the north, only the darkness of a coast where the mountains appear to drop directly into the sea. These mountains constitute a considerable barrier, beginning with the greatest of them, Helicon, to the west, set a little inland: next, on the very edge of the sea, Korombili; and then, further over to the east, the outliers of Cithaeron, which leave only the notoriously difficult route round the coast to Aegosthena by which a Spartan army precariously escaped. It is not surprising that the cities of the Boeotian hinterland largely turned their backs on the sea: except for certain events, to be considered below, this coast played little part in Boeotian history.There are three significant harbours, or usable beaches, along this Boeotian coast (Fig. 1a). To the east, at the end of the bay between Cithaeron and Korombili is the beach of Livadhostro, the ancient Creusis. It is not a good beach, being open and exposed to the wind. Communication with the hinterland is not easy, and there is no modern road. The Thebans, in the year of Leuctra, kept a small fleet there, perhaps through compulsion rather than choice. At the extreme western end of this section of coast is the harbour of Sarandi. Between these two harbours, and to the west of Korombili, is the great landlocked bay of Domvraina. Even within this bay much of the coast is mountainous and abrupt, but there are two small harbours at the western end, and a reasonably large, very well-sheltered beach and harbour at the eastern end.
Euboean Floral Black-Figured Vases: Additions and Corrections
Authors: Ure A. D. 
Published: September 2013

In recent years a number of vases with floral decoration have come to light, and we can now carry a little further the study of the Euboean floral black-figure style of vase-painting started in BSA lv. 211 f. Unfortunately few have any known provenience and it is often hazardous to attempt to distinguish between the work of Euboean and Boeotian workshops. Some of the Euboean attributions here made are tentative, and even when they can be regarded as certain the question of the distribution of the vases within Euboea still remains largely unsolved.An early example of a vase with decoration that consists entirely of floral elements is a pelike in Athens, Plate 69a, with provenience given in the inventory as ‘Chalcis?’. It has bands of myrtle, ivy, and a kind of laurel with spatulate leaves covering the neck and the upper part of the body, and can be regarded as a precursor of the floral style. It is to be distinguished from it chiefly by the absence of the palmette, which is the chief ingredient of the floral style proper. The stemless ivy leaves accompanied by spots recall the sixth-century skyphos of Chalcidian make, Rhitsona 31. 41 (BSA lviii. 18, pl. 2. 3), and the little stemmed kothon, Athens E1520 (Ibid. pl. 2. 8).
Ethnicity, Entrepreneurship, and Exchange: Mediterranean Inter-island Relations in the Late Bronze Age
Authors: Knapp A. Bernard 
Published: September 2013

New data on Late Bronze Age Cypriot and Aegean material found in the eastern, southern, and central Mediterranean significantly alter timeworn concepts about the scope and extent of Mediterranean trade systems. Recent geochemical and statistical analyses highlight the pivotal role played by the production, distribution, and consumption of copper oxhide ingots in the Bronze Age economies of the wider Mediterranean world. As a consequence, it is possible to propose some basic hypotheses on metallurgical origins, and on the possible orientation of Mediterranean Bronze Age trade and traders.Two basic issues are involved: 1) did increased trade with the eastern Mediterranean stimulate production and intensify exchange mechanisms in the central Mediterranean? 2) or did eastern Mediterranean traders simply plug into an existing politico-economic system that somehow monitored metals' production and exchange further west?This paper also evaluates the impact of new archaeological and metallurgical data on traditional interpretations of Cypriot copper production and exchange in its Late Bronze Age Mediterranean context. Whilst Cypriot copper production remained important to the economy of the Bronze Age Mediterranean, it also made key tactical and commercial adjustments to the coming Age of Iron. Mechanisms of Mediterranean trade are still difficult to pin down, and it is unrealistic to do more than propose basic models of entrepreneurship, ethnicity, and exchange.
Statistical Evaluation of the Asaro-Perlman neutron activation data on Mycenaean pottery from the Peloponnese
Authors: Tomlinson Jonathan E. , French E. B. 
Published: September 2013

The statistical evaluation of NAA data for 250 Mycenaean potsherds from the Peloponnese (Achaea, Ayios Stephanos, Chora Ano Englianos, Nichoria, Olympia-Kolosakos, Peristeria, Palaiokastro and Platanos-Renia) resulted in twelve chemical groups defining the composition of pottery from the different regions. Earlier groupings of pottery from Ayios Stephanos and Nichoria were confirmed and chemical profiles were also produced for pottery from western Messenia and the north-east Peloponnese.The north-east Peloponnesian groups are chemically very similar to Argolid pottery groups, such that the provenance of a group of early (LH I/II) pottery identified in this study, and of this chemical type, remains uncertain. This aside, the groups' chemical profiles are quite distinct from those representative of other areas of mainland Greece and Crete.
The BSA's Geometric collection: Kynosarges et alia
Authors: Coldstream J. N. 
Published: September 2013

This article publishes the entire holding of Geometric vases in the Museum of the British School at Athens. It includes numerous grave offerings found in one of the School's earliest excavations (1896–7), on the site of the Kynosarges Gymnasium in the south-eastern outskirts of ancient Athens. Other Geometric vases came to the School piecemeal over many years, from purchases of the Finlay collection up to the bequests from G. Empedocles and T. J. Dunbabin.Attic Geometric comprises the great majority of the School's holding, among which are several characteristic pieces from the Late Geometric II pitcher workshops. Other regional styles represented are Corinthian, Parian, Melian and Cretan.
The shipsheds of Sicilian Naxos, researches 1998–2001: a preliminary report
Authors: Blackman David , Lentini Maria Costanza 
Published: September 2013

Remains discovered in excavations at Naxos in 1981–3, underlying structures belonging to the settlement which has been recognized as the mansio mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary, have now been firmly identified as the dockyard of the Greek city, the first Greek colony in Sicily and a Chalcidian foundation; an ally of Athens in the fifth century, it was therefore destroyed by Dionysios I of Syracuse in 403 BC. One rock-cut shipshed has been excavated for its surviving length (the lower end is lost under modern buildings); there is pottery evidence for the construction of its north wall in the mid-fifth century BC.As with the installation of the democracy after the return of the Chalcidian exiles from Leontinoi, the work may have been inspired and encouraged by Athens. Installations of an earlier phase are also starting to appear. A selection of pottery evidence and of the remains of roof components (tiles and antefixes) is published.The side walls of at least four shipsheds have been found just inside the city wall, and these respect the orientation of the fifth-century urban plan. The clear width of the shipshed excavated (5.45 m) confirms the evidence of other recent excavations: the previously held view that trireme shipsheds had a clear width of 5.75–6 m will have to be revised. The back 5–6 m of the shipshed do not seem to have been part of the slipway proper; possible explanations are suggested.
A Mycenaean Pictorial Vase of the Fifteenth Century B.C. from Laconia
Authors: Demacopoulou K. 
Published: September 2013

The large pictorial jug published here (Plate 12 a-d) was discovered in 1966 in a plundered Mycenaean chamber tomb at the site Melathria, near the village of Skoura in Laconia. Skoura is close to Sparta, opposite to and east of the Vapheio tholos tomb, on the east side of the river Eurotas.It is a most unusual Mycenaean vase, remarkable for its pictorial decoration at such an early date. In view of the shape of the vase and its linear decoration, it seems to be one of the earliest pictorial vases yet found on the mainland of Greece.The jug, which is now exhibited in Sparta Museum (Inv. no. 5533), has been restored from fragments, and large pieces of the belly have been completed with plaster. It can be described as follows: Tall jug with cut-away neck (Plate 12a). Light brown clay, polished yellow-pink surface, lustrous red paint which in places has adhered badly and flaked away.
Minoan Globular Flasks
Authors: Tzedakis Y. 
Published: September 2013

This particular vase shape has a purely Minoan origin. The first examples appear in the M.M. II/IIIA period, but their manufacture is quite different and it has not yet taken the typical form of the later examples.The small number of vases of this type which survive in Crete and generally in the Aegean area obliges one to consider the special reasons for the rarity of the type. One of the main reasons, and perhaps the most relevant, is the difficulty involved in the manufacture of the vase. The two globular parts of the body are made separately and afterwards joined. We can easily confirm this by looking at the lines caused by the potter's wheel, and the marks where the vase has been joined in the interior. The neck, the handles, and the base are also manufactured separately. The immediate consequence of this manufacture is a lack of firmness and stability. The vase, therefore, breaks more easily and is quickly put out of use.
The Purpose of the Stirrup Vase
Authors: Cook Kathleen 
Published: September 2013

The stirrup vase is thought to have been a container for oil and in ancient Greece one of the uses of oil was for washing oneself, much like toilet soap. It has a solid central column with a handle on each side of it and in front a spout. This peculiar arrangement should have a purpose and I suggest a possible one.Hold the hand palm upwards and insert the second and third fingers through the handles, gripping the spout between the tips of the fingers and the column between the lower joints. Then, keeping the palm upwards, bend the fingers to tilt the spout over the palm of the hand. Oil will then run or drip out into the palm and the other hand can be used to smear it on the user's body without putting the stirrup vase down, so solving the problem one has nowadays of losing the soap in the bath.
Paliochora: Survey of a Byzantine City on the Island of Kythera. Preliminary Report
Authors: Ince Gillian E. , Koukoulis Theodore , Smyth David 
Published: September 2013

This paper is a report of the 1985 and 1986 survey work conducted at the Byzantine citysite of Paliochora (Hagios Demetrios) on Kythera. The city was traditionally founded in the late twelfth century and destroyed by the pirate Barbarossa in 1537.The report begins with a brief historical summary of the island's history under the Byzantines and Venetians, and a description of the site. The rest of the paper is devoted to a discussion of the initial finds under the headings of domestic architecture and churches. In the conclusion the proposed future work on site is outlined.
Pottery Wares from the Prehistoric Settlement at Ialysos (Trianda) in Rhodes
Authors: Marketou Toula , Karantzali Efi , Mommsen Hans , Zacharias Nikos , Kilikoglou Vasilis , Schwedt Alexander 
Published: September 2013

Among the vast amount of pottery yielded from the Late Bronze Age settlement of Ialysos (Trianda) on Rhodes, 233 samples have been selected for chemical analysis by means of Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) at the Bonn Laboratory. Thus, a rather comprehensive new data-base for pottery assemblages from Rhodes and other related production centres has been provided. Further evidence has been also suggested for the local mechanisms of pottery production and the patterns of continuity and changes from the LM IA, through to LMIB/LH IIA and LH IIB-III A1 to LH III A2/LH III B1 periods, in both the intra site and inter site relations of the island with Minoan Crete, the Greek mainland, the Argolid, Cyprus, and other eastern Mediterranean sites.The study sets the basis for further studies towards the identification of the rather complex system of the society of Ialysos and its interaction with some other yet unknown centers in the Aegean during the early stages of the Bronze Age and throughout the periods of the Minoan and Mycenaean expansion.
A New InscribedKioniskosfrom Thebes
Authors: Aravantinos Vassilis L. 
Published: September 2013

A fragmentary inscription found at Thebes casts new light on the abortive invasion of Athens in 506 by Kleomenes, the Boiotians, and the Chalkidians. On the one hand, it provides valuable confirmation, soon after the event, of the general drift of Herodotos' account of events; on the other, even in its incomplete state, it adds one important detail lacking in Herodotos. And, of course, it tells the story from the Boiotian point of view.The excavation took place in the winter of the year 2001–2 in the property of Evanghelia Madhis at Thebes following her application for the construction of a new house. The plot is situated in the suburb of Pyri, in the north-west periphery of Thebes, about 800 m from the city centre of Thebes, and just beyond the Athens–Thessaloniki railway line (FIG. 1). In it was unearthed a well-built tomb-like cist, made of three rows of large conglomerate stone blocks in regular masonry; similar blocks form its pavement. No traces of covering stones or other relevant materials have so far been discovered. However, since the contents of the cist—including objects such as the bronze inscribed sheets found at the bottom—were probably thrown there when it was abandoned, it may never have been properly covered: no trace of a superstructure or roofing system is preserved on the upper surface of the walls of the cist.
Prevalence and risk factors forStaphylococcus aureuscolonization in individuals entering maximum-security prisons
Authors: MUKHERJEE D. V. , HERZIG C. T. A. , JEON C. Y. , LEE C. J. , APA Z. L. , GENOVESE M. , GAGE D. , KOENIGSMANN C. J. , LOWY F. D. , LARSON E. L. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYTo assess the prevalence and risk factors for colonization withStaphylococcus aureusin inmates entering two maximum-security prisons in New York State, USA, inmates (N = 830) were interviewed and anterior nares and oropharyngeal samples collected. Isolates were characterized usingspatyping. Overall, 50·5% of women and 58·3% of men were colonized withS. aureusand 10·6% of women and 5·9% of men were colonized with MRSA at either or both body sites. Of MSSA isolates, the major subtypes werespatype 008 and 002. Overall, risk factors forS. aureuscolonization varied by gender and were only found in women and included younger age, fair/poor self-reported general health, and longer length of prior incarceration. Prevalence of MRSA colonization was 8·2%, nearly 10 times greater than in the general population. Control of epidemicS. aureusin prisons should consider the constant introduction of strains by new inmates.
Political Values and Professional Values in Conflict: Irish and Prothro's The Politics of American Democracy
Authors: Stephens Stephen V. 
Published: September 2013

It may be an unfortunate commentary on our achievements as “scientists”, but an American government textbook tends to be a rather topical document, and the ones that are good enough to justify the effort must be updated every several years, in order to maintain their competitive position. One of the best, I think, and surely one of the ones most highly recommended to me by other political scientists, was Marian Irish and James Prothro'sThe Politics of American Democracy(Prentice-Hall: 4th edn., 1968; 5th edn., 1971). I used the 1968 edition in classes several times, with such satisfaction that I ordered the new fifth edition in the summer of 1971, sight unseen. As the following comments indicate, I had reason to regret the decision. Since textbooks are rarely reviewed, and since Prentice-Hall reports that this edition will be current through 1975, I have reluctantly chosen this medium to bring some rather strange attributes of this book to the attention of the political science community.In common with many of the texts that have appeared in the last one or two years, the authors have gone to considerable effort to make their new edition more relevant to the great political disturbances we have just experienced and — to a lesser extent — are still experiencing: ghetto riots, the Vietnam peace movement, and women's liberation.