bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE AS CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS E LOCACIONAIS DOS LOTES E O CONSUMO EFETIVO DE ÁGUA: ANÁLISE DO SISTEMA DE ABASTECIMENTO DA CIDADE DE SÃO CARLOS (SP)
Authors: Barros Mazer Lucatti Tayná , Kellner Erich 
Published: February 2015

RESUMO Informações relativas ao consumo de água per capita podem ser consideradas ferramentas de grande valia para o dimensionamento de partes do sistema de abastecimento de água de um município. O grande desafio ao projetista de infraestrutura urbana é a estimação do consumo médio percapita de água a ser adotado em um projeto de sistema de abastecimento de água. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi o de avaliar as características físicas e locacionais de lotes urbanos e correlacioná-los com o consumo percapita efetivo de água. Foram analisados oito empreendimentos instalados no município de São Carlos (SP), Brasil, e foram observadas correlações entre a área média dos lotes, a densidade bruta populacional, a renda média domiciliar e o consumo médio percapita efetivo de água. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Sistema de Abastecimento de Água. Consumo percapita Efetivo de Água. Previsão de Demanda. CORRELATION AMONG THE PHYSICAL AND LOCATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A LAND AND EFFECTIVE WATER CONSUMPTION: ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY SYSTEM OF SÃO CARLOS CITY (SP) ABSTRACT Information about per capita consumption of water can be considered valuable tools for the design of a municipality water supply system. The challenge to the designer of urban infrastructure is the estimation of the average per capita water consumption to be adopted on a project of water supply system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and locational characteristics of urban lands and correlate them with the actual per capita water consumption. Eight projects were analyzed in São Carlos (SP), Brazil, and correlations between the average area of lots, the gross population density, average household income and the effective per capita average water consumption were observed. KEY-WORDS: Water Supply System. Effective per capita consumption of water. Demand Forecasting. Correlación entre las características físicas y de localización DE TIERRA Y EL CONSUMO EN EFECTO DE AGUA: ANÁLISIS DE SUMINISTRO DEL SISTEMA DE LA CIUDAD DE São CARLOS (SP) RESUMEN La información sobre el consumo de agua per cápita se puede considerar una herramienta valiosa para el diseño de partes del sistema de abastecimiento de agua de un municipio. El desafío para el diseñador de la infraestructura urbana es la estimación del consumo medio de agua por habitante que se adoptará en un proyecto para el sistema de suministro de agua. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las características físicas y de ubicación de los lotes urbanos y correlacionarlos con el consumo real de agua por habitante. Se analizaron ocho proyectos instalados en São Carlos y correlaciones entre el área promedio de los lotes, la densidad bruta de población, el ingreso promedio de los hogares y el efectivo per cápita se observó el consumo medio de agua. PALABRAS-CLAVE Sistema de Abastecimiento de Agua. El consumo per cápita efectiva de agua. Previsión de la demanda.
Conceptual going near the modelign of process of educating and developing motive flairs for children and teenagers
Authors: Худолій О. М. , Іващенко О. В. 
Published: February 2015

Research aim — to ground conception of construction of process of educating and developing motive flairs for children and teenagers on the basis of design of separate components of educational process. For the decision of the put tasks such methods of research : are in-process used design, approach of the systems, methods of theoretical analysis and generalization for the exposure of essence, leading tendencies of optimization of educational process and determination of theoretical pre-conditions and methodological approaches of his further improvement; pedagogical testing, methods of registration of sensomotor reactions, methods of registration of the state of the cardiovascular system, supervisions and pedagogical experiment for determination of model descriptions of children and teenagers, modes of the training loading; methods of mathematical analysis (logistic and asymptotic to the function) for determination of conformities to law of placing of facilities of primary orientation in the period of developing motive flairs, educating to physical exercises and under­cooking to the competitions; mathematical methods of planning of multivariable experiments for the study of conformities to law of developing motive flairs, process of educating and preparation to the competitions. The got experimental material was subject to statistical treatment with the use of application of the statistical processing of data (MS Excel, Statistika 6.0) packages.Research results. It is set that on the basis of models of motive preparedness of children and teenagers the selection of basic, tricking into and preparatory exercises, and also stage control, comes true after the level of motive preparedness. On the basis of models of the training loading determined: size and orientation of loading; correlation of facilities of physical and  technical preparation; terms of the use of loading of different orientation; terms for development of force and increase of capacity; terms of operative and current control. On the basis of models of process educating is determined: terms for educating by ability to manage motions, educating to physical exercises; order of decision of tasks of educating and selection of educational tasks; fundamental discipling to programming of educational process of children and teenagers; terms of operative and current control.Keywords: design, educating, motive capabilities, children, teenagers.
Application of final actions management which behave to the type «motions without a purpose» as a methodical technique for effective motion skills forming in shooters
Authors: Калиніченко О. М. , Лопатьєв А. О. 
Published: February 2015

The authors hypothesize that the optimum motor skills of shooters can be formed only if they ability to apply such mechanisms of management final actions which by M. Bernshteyn is classified as «motions without a purpose». The methodical receptions of the use of the special devices which are instrumental in the capture of ability to pass to the optimum mechanisms of management motions of shooter are analyzed. In the article description of author variant of mechanical device «double management» which it is suggested to utilizes for forming of optimum variants motive skills of shooters from a pistol.
Effects of improper posture during work on lumbal pain syndrome of discogenic etiology
Authors: Kaljić Eldad 
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Lumbar pain syndrome is the most common cause of why patients, especially the active ones, are reported to physicians. It is manifested as nonspecific or non-radicular lumbar pain syndrome which is not associated with neurological symptoms, and specific which is associated with spinal nerve root compression. Aims of this study were to determine correlation between inadequate equipment and improper position for work with disk caused lumbar pain syndrome.Methods: The study included 913 patients who have visited the Community-based rehabilitation ambulance "Praxis" due to low back pain syndrome and verified disc hernia in the five year period. Lumbar pain syndrome was diagnosed by clinical examination (history, inspection, palpation, Lasegue sign, neurologic and motoric dysfunction tests), then radiologic diagnostic methods (CT, MRI). The data about inadequate equipment and position during work were obtained in interview with patients.Results: Lumbar pain syndrome is most common among workers (268 or 29.35%), followed by officials (239 or 26.17%). With the conducted research we determine that all the patients had inadequate equipment and the position of labor and weak abdominal and spinal muscles.Conclusion: Based on research conducted through the before mentioned variables, we can determine not only the association, but a strong influence of inadequate equipment and improper position for work to the occurrence of disk caused lumbar pain syndrome.
Conversations: Making Our Vision a Reality
Authors: Fattahi Behrooz 
Published: February 2015

President's column
Like other organizations, SPE has a mission: “To collect, disseminate, and exchange technical knowledge concerning the exploration, development and production of oil and gas resources, and related technologies for the public benefit; and to provide opportunities for professionals to enhance their technical and professional competence.” Our mission statement clearly defines our purpose.
But all organizations should also have a vision. SPE’s vision is “to be a society of professional excellence, providing its members the highest quality lifelong learning, and continuous personal and professional growth.”
This is a statement that stretches our organization’s capabilities. It is about shaping our future. It is a statement of hope. It makes us proud. A story about Helen Keller, an American author, political activist, and lecturer, is worth remembering. She was the first deaf and blind person to earn a Bachelor of Arts degree. Toward the end of her career, as she was speaking at a college, a student asked, “Miss Keller, is there anything that could have been worse than losing your sight?” Helen Keller replied, “Yes, I could have lost my vision.”
In accomplishing our vision, we are bound to a set of guiding principles or values. Our values represent our organization’s culture and its core priorities. As a result, our organizational goals are grounded in these values. SPE’s values are excellence, integrity, professionalism, life-long learning, diversity, volunteerism, innovation, and social responsibility. These define our beliefs and guide our decisions.
Through technical meetings, lectures, short courses, and publications, SPE is involved in many knowledge transfer activities. These are designed and, with the SPE staff’s assistance, implemented by our volunteers. At any given time, SPE volunteers somewhere in the world are engaged in making decisions on the details of such activities.
Unlike most corporations in the business world, SPE is a member-driven organization. This simply means that every SPE member can have a role in everything that our professional society is intent to accomplish. When I visit our sections and student chapters, and talk with our members, some ask me what SPE can do for them. But SPE is us, all 90,000 of us together. Our volunteers range in age and in years of experience. They are students and professionals; managers, engineers, and geologists or geophysicists; and some preside over large industry companies and institutions. But they each do find a little time in their daily lives to contribute to SPE’s mission. So rather than being an indifferent observer, join the SPE family in bringing new ideas to reality. Let us ask ourselves how we can help with SPE services and products. I look forward to a day when signing up as a member becomes synonymous with enrolling in our SPE volunteer army.
Pemex: Identifying and Developing Next-Generation Talent and Leadership
Authors: Levensaler Leighanne 
Published: February 2015

Talent & Technology
For Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex), future growth lies in deep waters. Tapping Mexico’s potentially vast offshore oil reserves is the greatest business challenge currently facing the company, which is responsible for the strategic direction of the Mexican petroleum industry. The Pemex Exploration and Production (PEP) subsidiary is in charge of the exploration and exploitation of petroleum and natural-gas reserves.
To address the twin challenges of identifying and developing the next generation of leadership, and assigning its most talented people to the most strategic projects involving offshore reserves, PEP undertook a massive initiative aimed at building and implementing sophisticated talent-management processes and information systems. This program has been built around an in-depth competency model that enables PEP to design and deliver several forms of education and development in a highly targeted way. It also allows the company to implement multiyear career and succession models for strategic roles deemed critical to business continuity and expansion.
Before 2006, executives were picking successors without the support of hard data. Today, PEP is working with every executive position to have at least three named successors with career and learning plans that address gaps in competencies. Talent management and employee-development activities are automated by a robust enterprise-class information system with sophisticated reporting that supports talent-management decision making. In just two years, PEP institutionalized succession-planning practices that directly address the company’s most critical business challenges.
Identifying and Developing Key Talent
The shortage of talent is one of the top business issues facing the entire oil and gas industry. With its growing commitment to deepwater exploration and production, PEP needed to identify those with specific technical skills or the aptitude to learn new skills, and assign the company’s most talented people to develop these strategic fields. At the same time, the company continues to face a growing shortage of leaders as a result of an aging workforce. PEP estimates that 20% of its high-ranking officials would be eligible for retirement in the next three years and around 32% in the next six years. The company wanted to identify a talent pool from which it could pick high-potential candidates to fill leadership roles in the future. These candidates must possess not only key personality attributes and abilities, but also the potential to grow and learn new skills.
PEP is a large organization, with approximately 45,500 workers spread out all over the country, some in very remote locations—which makes it challenging to effectively reach all employees, and identify capabilities and potential. People practices and management philosophies at PEP, combined with a powerful rank-and-file union with strict shop rules, also made it difficult to gauge, track, and sustain employee progress.
Polymer Flooding in Unconsolidated-Sand Formations: Fracturing and Geomechanical Considerations
Authors: Denney Dennis 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Senior Technology Editor Dennis Denney, contains highlights of paper SPE 121840, ’Polymer Flooding in Unconsolidated-Sand Formations: Fracturing and Geo mechanical Considerations,’ by Mohamad Khodaverdian, SPE, Tibi Sorop, SPE, Sophie Postif, SPE, and Paul Van den Hoek, SPE, Shell E&P, prepared for the 2009 SPE Europec/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 8-11 June. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A study was carried out to determine the geomechanical effects of polymer flooding in an unconsolidated-sand reservoir. The work provided a geomechanical perspective on the generally complex problem of polymer flooding unconsolidated formations containing viscous oil. The work offers insights into critical issues that must be examined in such situations to avoid catastrophic failures and highlights the existing technological gaps in the current predictive capabilities.
Introduction
Some unconsolidated-sand formations, both onshore and offshore, contain high-viscosity oil and could be considered for polymer flooding to improve recovery. Flooding unconsolidated sand could lead to “fracture” propagation. Although such formations typically have permeability on the order of several darcies, minute quantities of impurities and solids in the injection fluid can plug the sandface over time and lead to fracturing if the injection rate is maintained. Even in the absence of fines and solids in the fluid, the high in-situ oil viscosity and low polymer mobility could instigate fracture propagation if the injection rate is sufficiently large.
Polymer flooding was proposed as an option for an offshore field to enhance sweep efficiency and production of viscous 200-cp oil. Aside from the relatively high oil viscosity, the formation characteristics include unconsolidated and highly compressible sand, relatively thick pay zone (gross nominal thickness of 100 m), and relatively small stress contrast between the sand and the caprock (potentially leading to containment loss). The primary goal of the laboratory experiments was to identify the fracturing mechanisms and establish a net propagation pressure in such formations. The findings from the laboratory tests provided empirical input (e.g., equivalent fracture toughness) for numerical simulators.
Injectivity Mechanisms
Previous R&D. Industry and research institutions have carried out several research projects to address injectivity and hydraulic-fracturing issues in unconsolidated sand. Investigations have focused on several types of field activities, including cuttings reinjection, hydraulic fracturing, frac packing, produced-water reinjection, and water and chemical flooding.
Polymer-Injection Tests. In this work, several experiments were conducted in which polymer was injected into oil-saturated sand to investigate the injectivity mechanisms and equivalent fracture toughness under the specific field conditions. Test samples were cubic (45 cm) sand blocks.
Technology Focus: Well Control (January 2010)
Authors: Schubert Jerome 
Published: February 2015

Technology Focus
It has been stated many times that all the easy wells have been drilled. It would stand to reason then that only problem wells remain. Even though this last statement is not entirely correct, our industry is facing increasingly costly incidences of pressure-related nonproductive time. Problems include narrow pore-/fracture-pressure windows, wellbore stability, depleted formations, formation damage, and excessive casing strings, among others. The industry has responded by developing managed-pressure-drilling (MPD) technologies. The goal of MPD is precise management of the pressure in the entire annulus. In most instances, a rotating control head is used, diverting the mud returns through an adjustable choke. This closed system allows precise imposition of surface backpressure on the annulus and enables precise measurement of the mud-return rate. The use a rotating control device and choke in this way is very similar to a constant-bottomhole-pressure method of well control.
In September 2009, the SPE Drilling & Completions Applied Technology Workshop on Well Control was held in Rio de Janeiro, during which several companies involved in MPD made presentations on how their MPD technologies have enhanced well control. The closed system, which precisely measures surface pressures and mud-return rates, enables the detection of kicks (sometimes with less than 1 bbl of influx). Then, the mud-return rate is slowed to the prekick rate long enough to stop the influx and the well is killed, all without shutting in the well. In some cases, when a very small influx is detected, it is not even necessary to stop drilling.
The papers selected to be highlighted in this issue all detail unconventional well-control methods that have been used recently. On the basis of these papers and presentations at the Applied Technology Workshop, it appears that well control with MPD will quickly become “conventional.”
Well Control additional reading available at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org
IPTC 11970 • “Killing a Gas Well: Successful Implementation of Innovative Approaches in a Middle-Eastern Carbonate Field—A Field Case” by S. Salehi, University of Calgary, et al.
SPE 121045 • “Prevention of Vertical Gas Flow in a Collapsed Well Using Silicate/Polymer/Urea Method” by Istvan Lakatos, SPE, Reseach Institute of Applied Earth Sciences, University of Miskolc, and Geoengineering Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Science, Miskolc, Hungary, et al.
A Well-Specific Approach to the Quantification of Well Control
Authors: Bybee Karen 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 124024, ’KickRisk - A Well-Specific Approach to the Quantification of Well-Control Risks,’ by O. Arild, SPE, E.P. Ford, SPE, T. Loberg, SPE, and J.W.T. Baringbing, SPE, IRIS, originally prepared for the 2009 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, 4-6 August. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Drilling wells in which there is a small pressure margin often is challenging with respect to well-control issues. A kick, which occurs if the wellbore pressure drops below the pore pressure, is one of the major risks being dealt with in the planning phase of the well. A kick can occur as a result of several factors. Because the ultimate consequence of a kick may be a blowout, it is essential to be able to assess and reduce the probability of a kick occurring.
Introduction
The oil and gas industry is taking on increasingly challenging drilling operations; drilling in severely depleted mature reservoirs, high-pressure/high-temperature drilling, deepwater drilling, and ultradeep wells are some examples. In any drilling operation, proper well control is essential. Loss of well control may lead to a blowout, which represents one of the most severe threats associated with exploration and exploitation of petroleum resources, involving the risk of human lives and environmental and economic consequences. The more challenging the operation, the more effort should be spent in the planning phase on assessing the risks related to loss of well control.
When analyzing new and unproven drilling technology, or drilling in challenging environments, statistical data or experience rarely are available. Thus, to assess risks related to such operations, a well-specific approach often is the only option. A well-specific approach can be undertaken by using a probabilistic risk-assessment (PRA) approach, which provides a body of practical techniques that can help engineers and risk managers predict and manage risks. The kick risk-evaluation model (REM) uses this approach.
Proper well control typically is ensured by using two independent barriers. The primary barrier is the mud or fluid column, and the secondary barrier is the blowout preventer (BOP). The REM addresses the potential loss of both these barriers; however, the full-length paper addresses only the loss of the primary barrier (i.e., a kick occurring). Avoiding the occurrence of kicks is important because blowout probability is proportional to the kick probability; efforts made to reduce kick probability directly reduce blowout probability.
The objectives of the full-length paper are to provide the reader with an appreciation of probabilistic risk analysis, insight into the REM, and an understanding of the practical application of the REM tool.