bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T‐cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia in a child with anemia and Crohn's disease
Authors: Kondoh Kensuke , Morimoto Mizuho , Keino Dai , Oyama Ryo , Nagae Chiai , Ashikaga Tomoko , Arai Katsuhiro , Nakazawa Atsuko , Kinoshita Akitoshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractT‐LGL leukemia has been rarely reported in children. We report a child with T‐LGL leukemia who presented with anemia and went on to develop Crohn's disease. Although prednisolone treatment proved effective in the treatment of anemia, large granular lymphocyte counts increased as the doses were tapered. T‐cell rearrangement studies revealed a clonal rearrangement of the TCR Vβ/jβ2 gene. Concurrently, the patient developed severe diarrhea. Inflammatory changes across the upper and lower intestines led to the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. This case highlights that T‐LGL leukemia could be occurred in children. Flow cytometry and/or T‐cell gene rearrangement studies are recommend in patients of anemia and various kind of autoimmune diseases including Crohn's disease, even in children.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Rates and Correlates of HIV Risk Behaviors among Drug Abusers
Authors: Brooks Audrey J. , Lokhnygina Yuliya , Meade Christina S. , Potter Jennifer Sharpe , Calsyn Donald A. , Greenfield Shelly F. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundHIV infection disproportionately impacts minorities; yet research on racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence and correlates of HIV risk behaviors is limited.ObjectiveThis study examined racial/ethnic differences in the rates of HIV risk behaviors and whether the relationship between HIV risk factors and HIV risk behaviors varies by race/ethnicity in clients participating in NIDA Clinical Trials Network trials.ResultsThe sample was 41% non‐Hispanic White, 32% non‐Hispanic Black, and 27% Hispanic (N = 2,063). HIV risk behaviors and measures of substance and psychosocial HIV risk factors in the past month were obtained. Non‐Hispanic Blacks engaged in less HIV sexual risk behaviors overall than non‐Hispanic Whites. While non‐Hispanic Whites were the most likely to report any injection drug use, Hispanics engaged in the most HIV drug risk behaviors. Specific risk factors were differentially predictive of HIV risk behavior by race/ethnicity. Alcohol use severity was related to engaging in higher sex risk behaviors for non‐Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Greater psychiatric severity was related to engaging in higher sex risk behaviors for non‐Hispanic Whites. Drug use severity was associated with engaging in higher risk drug behaviors for non‐Hispanic Whites and Hispanics with the magnitude of the relationship stronger for Hispanics.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need for further research testing HIV risk prevention interventions within racial/ethnic groups to identify target behaviors or risk factors that are salient to inform HIV interventions.Scientific SignificanceThe present study provides a systematic examination of race/ethnicity differences in the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and HIV risk behaviors. (Am J Addict 2013;22:136‐147)
A Comparison of Trauma Profiles among Individuals with Prescription Opioid, Nicotine, or Cocaine Dependence
Authors: Lawson Katie M. , Back Sudie E. , Hartwell Karen J. , Maria Megan Moran‐Santa , Brady Kathleen T. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesExposure to traumatic events is common among individuals with substance use disorders. Little is known, however, about the trauma histories among individuals with various types of addiction.MethodsThe present study compared the trauma histories (general, sexual, physical and emotional) of non‐treatment seeking outpatients dependent on prescription opioids (n = 41), nicotine (n = 87) or cocaine (n = 73). The Life Stressor Checklist—Revised (LSC‐R) was completed by participants to assess childhood and adult trauma.ResultsThe findings revealed that all three groups endorsed high levels of trauma exposure, with 96.5% of the entire sample experiencing at least one traumatic event in their lifetime. The prescription opiate group experienced a greater number of general and total traumas than the nicotine group. However, no group differences in the number of emotional, physical, or sexual traumas were revealed. The prescription opiate group reported a younger age of first traumatic event than the cocaine group, and was significantly more likely to report childhood traumatic events than both the cocaine and nicotine groups.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceThe findings provide clinically relevant information that may help improve screening, interventions, and preventative efforts. (Am J Addict 2013;22:127‐131)
From Collectivism to Capitalism: Neoliberalism and Rural Mobilization in Nicaragua
Authors: Horton Lynn R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article draws on longitudinal, ethnographic data gathered in rural Nicaragua over a two-decade period to examine the ideological and political implications of neoliberalism in the prefigurative, grassroots stages of social mobilization. It contrasts divergent path-dependent processes of accommodation and resistance to neoliberalism as Nicaraguan peasants have moved from collectivism to individual farming, with an emphasis on interpretive processes. This study explores how market processes both serve as an external grievance and operate internally in rural communities to reconfigure rural social relations and individual and collective identities. It also seeks to develop concepts and interpretations that may be applied more broadly to analyze links between deepening market processes and the forms and content of social movement responses to deteriorating economic conditions.
Globalized Hopes and Disillusions
Authors: Ben‐Eliezer Uri 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn contrast to the common tendency to see war as the result of leadership decisions based on risk assessments, and political and economic considerations about gains or losses, we use a constructivist and institutional perspective to historicize and politicize the way “nation‐state interests” and “nation‐state preferences” even in a decision to go to war are socially constructed and culturally embedded. We maintain that with the end of the Cold War, many societies found themselves at a crossroads where they had to resolve internal conflicts in regards to neoliberal globalization. These internal conflicts and a crisis of identity, between those who supported the principle of globalization and regarded it as a promise for democracy, openness, liberty and peace, and those who saw it as a danger to their exceptionality and distinctiveness, ended in wars (either internal wars or external wars) when the objectors of neoliberal globalization succeeded in creating an institutional turn which presented war as the “efficient,” “necessary,” “legitimate”, or “desired” solution to the new threatening reality.We demonstrate the validity of this argument by using Israel as a test case, examining how institutional changes in the 1990s, arising from internal societal conflicts around the Oslo Agreements, led the state to move from the brink of peace to new wars despite exogenous objections to its policy.
Identification and evaluation of putative tumour‐initiating cells in canine malignant melanoma cell lines
Authors: Wilson‐Robles H. M. , Daly M. , Pfent C. , Sheppard S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTumour‐initiating cells (TICs) have been identified in many solid human tumours, including malignant melanoma. In this study, an enriched TIC population was identified in two canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CML1 and CML6M) using cell surface markers and functional assays, including the sphere forming assay, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) assay, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and γH2AX staining for double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA)break identification and repair. The CD34− population of cells in both cell lines expressed stem cell genes, such as Oct4, Nanog and Ptch1, were more efficient at making spheres in adherence‐free media conditions and were able to repair dsDNA breaks faster than the CD34+ population. A subpopulation of cells with high expression of ALDH was identified in both cell lines by flow cytometry. The findings indicate the presence of TICs in two canine malignant melanoma cell lines.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Natural Recombinant H9N2 Influenza Virus from Wild Birds in Republic of Korea
Authors: Lee Dong-Hun , Park Jae-Keun , Yuk Seong-Su , Erdene-Ochir Tseren-Ochir , Kwon Jung-Hoon , Lee Joong-Bok , Park Seung-Yong , Choi In-Soo , Song Chang-Seon 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
We report the complete genome sequence of a natural recombinant H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) that was isolated from a wild bird in the Republic of Korea in 2005. The genomic sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that this virus contains six genes of North American lineage AIV and two genes of Eurasian lineage AIV. These data are beneficial for investigating the ecology and epidemiology of AIVs.
Complete Genome Sequence of GII.4 Human Norovirus HS191
Authors: Sosnovtsev Stanislav V. , Bok Karin , Wang Qiuhong , Saif Linda J. , Green Kim Y. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Noroviruses are a common cause of gastrointestinal disease in humans worldwide. Here, we report the full-length genomic characterization of GII.4 norovirus strain HS191, which was associated with gastroenteritis in a laboratory worker in 2004.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma cynos Strain C142
Authors: Walker Caray A. , Mannering Sally A. , Shields Shelly , Blake Damer P. , Brownlie Joe 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Here we report the
de novo
genome sequencing of
Mycoplasma cynos
strain C142, isolated from a dog with canine infectious respiratory disease (CIRD) in the United States.
The independent associations of sedentary behaviour and physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness
Authors: Santos Rute , Mota Jorge , Okely Anthony David , Pratt Michael , Moreira Carla , Coelho-e-Silva Manuel João , Vale Susana , Sardinha Luis B 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundDuring childhood and adolescence, both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour seem to influence cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); however, the combined association of PA and sedentary behaviour remains to be understood. We analysed the combined association of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) on CRF in Portuguese children and adolescents.MethodsThe sample comprised 2506 Portuguese healthy children and adolescents aged 10–18 years, from a cross-sectional school-based study (2008). PA and sedentary behaviour were assessed with accelerometry. Participants were classified as meeting current PA guidelines for youth versus not meeting, and as low versus high sedentary (according to the median value of sedentary time/day by age and gender), and then grouped as follows: Low active—high sedentary; low active—low sedentary; high active—high sedentary; high active—low sedentary. CRF was assessed with the FITNESSGRAM 20 m shuttle-run test. Binary logistic regression models were constructed to verify the relationship between high CRF and the combined influence of MVPA/sedentary behaviour, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and accelerometer wear time.ResultsParticipants classified as high active/low sedentary (OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.69), as well as those classified as low active/low sedentary (OR=1.27; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.61) were more likely to be fit, compared with those from the low-active/high-sedentary group.ConclusionMVPA and sedentary behaviour may act independently in their relation with CRF, and that MVPA levels may not overcome the deleterious influence of high-sedentary time in maximising CRF.
The effects of vitamin D3supplementation on serum total 25[OH]D concentration and physical performance: a randomised dose–response study
Authors: Close Graeme L , Leckey Jill , Patterson Marcelle , Bradley Warren , Owens Daniel J , Fraser William D , Morton James P 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is common in the general public and athletic populations and may impair skeletal muscle function. We therefore assessed the effects of vitamin D3supplementation on serum 25[OH]D concentrations and physical performance.Methods30 club-level athletes were block randomised (using baseline 25[OH]D concentrations) into one of three groups receiving either a placebo (PLB), 20 000 or 40 000 IU/week oral vitamin D3for 12 weeks. Serum 25[OH]D and muscle function (1-RM bench press and leg press and vertical jump height) were measured presupplementation, 6 and 12 weeks postsupplementation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined in accordance with the US Institute of Medicine guideline (<50 nmol/l).Results57% of the subject population were vitamin D deficient at baseline (mean±SD value 51±24 nmol/l). Following 6 and 12 weeks supplementation with 20 000 IU (79±14 and 85±10 nmol/l, respectively) or 40 000 IU vitamin D3(98±14 and 91±24 nmol/l, respectively), serum vitamin D concentrations increased in all participants, with every individual achieving concentrations greater than 50 nmol/l. In contrast, vitamin D concentration in the PLB group decreased at 6 and 12 weeks (37±18 and 41±22 nmol/l, respectively). Increasing serum 25[OH]D had no significant effect on any physical performance parameter (p>0.05).ConclusionsBoth 20 000 and 40 000 IU vitamin D3supplementation over a 6-week period elevates serum 25[OH]D concentrations above 50 nmol/l, but neither dose given for 12 weeks improved our chosen measures of physical performance.
Development and reliability of the explicit professional oral communication observation tool to quantify the use of non-technical skills in healthcare
Authors: Kemper Peter F , van Noord Inge , de Bruijne Martine , Knol Dirk L , Wagner Cordula , van Dyck Cathy 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundA lack of non-technical skills is increasingly recognised as an important underlying cause of adverse events in healthcare. The nature and number of things professionals communicate to each other can be perceived as a product of their use of non-technical skills. This paper describes the development and reliability of an instrument to measure and quantify the use of non-technical skills by direct observations of explicit professional oral communication (EPOC) in the clinical situation.MethodsIn an iterative process we translated, tested and refined an existing checklist from the aviation industry, called self, human interaction, aircraft, procedures and environment, in the context of healthcare, notably emergency departments (ED) and intensive care units (ICU). The EPOC comprises six dimensions: assertiveness, working with others; task-oriented leadership; people-oriented leadership; situational awareness; planning and anticipation. Each dimension is specified into several concrete items reflecting verbal behaviours. The EPOC was evaluated in four ED and six ICU.ResultsIn the ED and ICU, respectively, 378 and 1144 individual and 51 and 68 contemporaneous observations of individual staff members were conducted. All EPOC dimensions occur frequently, apart from assertiveness, which was hardly observed. Intraclass correlations for the overall EPOC score ranged between 0.85 and 0.91 and for underlying EPOC dimensions between 0.53 and 0.95.ConclusionsThe EPOC is a new instrument for evaluating the use of non-technical skills in healthcare, which is reliable in two highly different settings. By quantifying professional behaviour the instrument facilitates measurement of behavioural change over time. The results suggest that EPOC can also be translated to other settings.
What drives the increasing utilisation of hemicraniectomy in acute ischaemic stroke?
Authors: Bhattacharya Pratik , Kansara Amit , Chaturvedi Seemant , Coplin William 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundSurvival after malignant middle cerebral artery infarcts is dismal. In 2007, a pooled analysis of randomised trials in Europe demonstrated a substantial survival benefit from decompressive hemicraniectomy, with a number needed to treat of 2 for survival. Our objective was to review factors driving the nationwide utilisation of this potentially lifesaving procedure in the USA.MethodsData from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 2001–2009 were reviewed. Hospitalisations with a discharge diagnosis of an acute ischaemic stroke were included. Hemicraniectomy utilisation was determined within this subset. Nationwide estimates of utilisation were calculated for each year. Trends across the years were estimated for various subgroups.ResultsFrom 2001 to 2009, there were an estimated 4 909 519 acute ischaemic stroke discharges. The estimated frequency of hemicraniectomy increased from 118 (0.02% of stroke discharges in 2001) to 804 (0.15% of stroke discharges in 2009) (trend p<0.001). The increased utilisation was greatest for younger subjects (age<45 years; trend p<0.001) and men (trend p<0.001). Urban teaching hospitals were responsible for the greatest increase in hemicraniectomy utilisation: from 0.05% of stroke discharges in 2001 to 0.28% in 2009. The increase was steady and sustained over the decade. In comparison, rural and urban non-teaching hospitals showed a much smaller improvement in utilisation.ConclusionUtilisation of hemicraniectomy in the USA has increased significantly, in line with compelling results from European clinical trials. Early transfer of patients with malignant infarctions to urban teaching centres could potentially extend the survival benefit to a larger population.
Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the Differential Effects of ApoE3 and ApoE4 on Plasma Lipoprotein–Cholesterol Levels
Authors: Li Hui , Dhanasekaran Padmaja , Alexander Eric T. , Rader Daniel J. , Phillips Michael C. , Lund-Katz Sissel 
Published: February 2013

Objective—
The goal of this study was to understand the molecular basis of how the amino acid substitution C112R that distinguishes human apolipoprotein (apo) E4 from apoE3 causes the more proatherogenic plasma lipoprotein–cholesterol distribution that is known to be associated with the expression of apoE4.

Approach and Results—
Adeno-associated viruses, serotype 8 (AAV8), were used to express different levels of human apoE3, apoE4, and several C-terminal truncation and internal deletion variants in C57BL/6 apoE-null mice, which exhibit marked dysbetalipoproteinemia. Plasma obtained from these mice 2 weeks after the AAV8 treatment was analyzed for cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as well as for the distribution of cholesterol between the lipoprotein fractions. Hepatic expression of apoE3 and apoE4 induced similar dose-dependent decreases in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride to the levels seen in control C57BL/6 mice. Importantly, at the same reduction in plasma total cholesterol, expression of apoE4 gave rise to higher very low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol (VLDL-C) and lower high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol levels relative to the apoE3 situation. The C-terminal domain and residues 261 to 272 in particular play a critical role, because deleting them markedly affected the performance of both isoforms.

Conclusions—
ApoE4 possesses enhanced lipid and VLDL-binding ability relative to apoE3, which gives rise to impaired lipolytic processing of VLDL in apoE4-expressing mice. These effects reduce VLDL remnant clearance from the plasma compartment and decrease the amount of VLDL surface components available for incorporation into the high-density lipoprotein pool, accounting for the more proatherogenic lipoprotein profile (higher VLDL-C/high-density lipoprotein–cholesterol ratio) occurring in apoE4-expressing animals compared with their apoE3 counterparts.
Facilitating Expansion of African International Trade through Information and Communication Technologies
Authors: Laryea Emmanuel T. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article observes that expansion of international trade, particularly exports of appropriate goods, by African economies is important to their growth and development. Unfortunately, Africa’s share of world trade has been decreasing rather than increase. The continent is behind other continents in developmental terms, despite its many resource endowments. Governance deficiencies (broadly defined) are a major cause of the inability of African economies to manage their resources for sustained growth and development. The article looks at the particular consequences of governance deficiencies on trade expansion and goes on to suggest that the deployment of ICT can ameliorate those deficiencies. It focuses on the potential positive impact of e-governance in general, and e-customs in particular, on trade expansion. It argues that e-governance, including e-customs, has the potential to enhance the international competitiveness of African economies, increase revenues for government, and increase FDI inflows for production and exportation. It concludes that while e-customs is not a panacea for Africa’s international trade under-performance, it is an important piece of infrastructure that is relatively easier and cheaper to build, but which has a high beneficial impact on trade expansion. It therefore recommends the implementation of efficient e-customs in African economies that do not yet have such systems.
Coaching of Physicians by RNs to Improve Diabetes Care
Authors: Frederick Mary L. , Johnson Pamela Jo , Duffee Janelle , McCarthy Bruce D. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe preliminary results of an innovative quality improvement intervention focused on improving physician practice patterns in diabetes care via Coaching Physicians by RN certified diabetes educators (CDEs), a program called “CPR for Diabetes Care.” Methods The program identified primary care physicians with optimal diabetes control rates below the system aggregate (n = 195). Physicians with the lowest rates (n = 74) were targeted for comprehensive intervention. All other low-performing physicians practicing in the same clinic system (n = 121) comprised the comparison group. Data were obtained from electronic diabetes registries for 2007 and 2008. Each physician had a set of measures from 2 points in time. Measures included optimal diabetes scores and the 5 component measures of the optimal diabetes care bundle (A1C <7, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <100, blood pressure <130/80, aspirin use if older than 40, and no tobacco use). T tests and difference-in-difference models were used to examine changes over time. Results Optimal diabetes scores increased 11.7 points (from 14.7% to 26.4%) for intervention physicians and 4.0 points (from 29.7% to 32.9%) for comparison physicians. The improvement was greater for the intervention group. The greatest component improvements were in control of blood pressure and cholesterol. Conclusions Coaching low-performing physicians dramatically improved the proportion of diabetes patients with optimal diabetes control. The CPR for Diabetes Care program represents an innovative and effective way to address the long-standing problem of disseminating and sustaining quality improvement efforts by focusing on low-performing physicians.