bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between lysyl oxidase activity, pyridinoline content and muscle texture during ice storage of jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas)
Authors: Ramirez‐Guerra Hugo E. , Fimbres‐Romero Manuel de J. , Tapia‐Vazquez Angel E. , Ezquerra‐Brauer Josafat M. , Márquez‐Ríos Enrique , Suarez‐Jimenez Guadalupe M. , Torres‐Arreola Wilfrido 
Published: September 2015

SummaryCollagen fibres, stabilised by lysyl oxidase (LOX), play an important role in jumbo squid because they are responsible for the union between various cells; therefore, a close interdependence between their functions and muscle firmness during ice storage has been suggested. In this study, the relationship between LOX activity, pyridinoline (Pyr) content and muscle texture (SF) during ice storage of jumbo squid mantle was evaluated. LOX activity was confirmed within the range of 4.1–7.1 × 10−3 U g−1 of protein, leading to an increase in Pyr content, detected in the range of 0.85–1.32 mmol mol−1 of collagen after 5–20 days. The SF of the muscle became harder during the ice storage time, increasing from 21.08 to 37.95 N. It was therefore possible to establish the relationship between LOX activity, collagen cross‐links (Pyr content) and texture patterns during ice storage of jumbo squid muscle, which increased after 20 days.
Current advances in the novel functions of hypoxia‐inducible factor and prolyl hydroxylase in invertebrates
Authors: Wang L. , Cui S. , Ma L. , Kong L. , Geng X. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOxygen is essential for aerobic life, and hypoxia has very severe consequences. Organisms need to overcome low oxygen levels to maintain biological functions during normal development and in disease states. The mechanism underlying the hypoxic response has been widely investigated in model animals such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), a key gene product in the response to oxygen deprivation, is primarily regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs). However, recent findings have uncovered novel HIF‐independent functions of PHDs. This review provides an overview of how invertebrates are able to sustain hypoxic damages, and highlights some recent discoveries in the regulation of cellular signalling by PHDs. Given that some core genes and major pathways are evolutionarily conserved, these research findings could provide insight into oxygen‐sensitive signalling in mammals, and have biomedical implications for human diseases.
Attitudes of the general public towards the disclosure of individual research results and incidental findings from biobank genomic research in Australia
Authors: Fleming J. , Critchley C. , Otlowski M. , Stewart C. , Kerridge I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundOver the past decade, managing the disclosure of findings of genomic research has been the subject of extensive scientific, ethical and legal commentary and is a major challenge for biobanks.AimsTo examine views of the general Australian public about the disclosure of individual research results (IRR) and incidental findings (IF) from biobank genomic research.MethodsA national computer assisted telephone interview was conducted amongst a representative sample of (n = 800) adult residents across each Australian State and Territory.ResultsThe majority of the Australian general public would be interested in receiving IRR and IF if they allowed their blood/tissue to be used in research; 94.4% (n = 800) reported that they would like to receive ‘specific information obtained from your sample that may be important to your health or treatment’, and 83.4% their ‘potential genetic risk of an inherited disease’. Although fewer desired to receive ‘any IF that were not directly related to your (potential) diagnosed condition’ (70.0%), most would still like to receive IF. A latent class analysis on the desire to receive (or not) all types of results revealed differences in preferences in the information they wished to receive.ConclusionThe majority of Australians desire to receive most information arising from research involving their tissue, including IRR and IF. Differences in the extent and type of information they desire to receive are noted. Biobanks must establish strategies to identify information needs of donors, assess research data and communicate with donors and donor families. Processes need to take account of differences in donor preferences and in the clinical or research context(s).
Atrial fibrillation in older inpatients: are there any differences in clinical characteristics and pharmacological treatment between the frail and the non‐frail?
Authors: Nguyen T. N. , Cumming R. G. , Hilmer S. N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is common in patients with atrial fibrillation and may impact on antithrombotic and anti‐arrhythmic treatment.AimTo describe differences in clinical characteristics, prescription of antithrombotic and anti‐arrhythmic medications and incidence of haemorrhage and stroke, between frail and non‐frail older inpatients.MethodsProspective observational study in patients aged ≥65 years with atrial fibrillation admitted to a teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Frailty was assessed using the Reported Edmonton Frail Scale, stroke risk with CHA2DS2‐VASc score and bleeding risk with HAS‐BLED score. Participants were followed after 6 months for haemorrhages and strokes.ResultsWe recruited 302 patients (mean age 84.7 ± 7.1 years, 53.3% frail, 50% female, mean CHA2DS2‐VASc 4.61 ± 1.44, mean HAS‐BLED 2.97 ± 1.04). Frail participants were older and had more co‐morbidities and higher risk of stroke but not haemorrhage. Upon discharge, 55.7% participants were prescribed with anticoagulants (49.3% frail, 62.6% non‐frail, P = 0.02). Thirty‐three per cent received antiplatelets only and 11.1% no antithrombotics, with no difference by frailty status. For anti‐arrhythmics, 52.6% received rate‐control drugs only, 11.8% rhythm‐control drugs only and 13.5% both and 22.1% were not prescribed either, with no difference by frailty status. On univariate logistic regression, frailty decreased the likelihood of anticoagulant prescription (odds ratio (OR) 0.58, 95%CI 0.36–0.93), but this was not significant on multivariate analysis (OR 0.66, 95%CI 0.40–1.11). After 6 months, overall incidence of ischaemic stroke was 2.1%, and in patients taking anticoagulants, incidence of major/severe bleeding was 6.3%, with no significant difference between frailty groups.ConclusionsFrailty status had little impact on antithrombotic prescription and no impact on anti‐arrhythmic prescription.
Trends of periodontal conditions in two different randomly selected Swiss (Bernese) cohorts 25 years apart
Authors: Schürch Ernst , Dulla Joëlle A. , Bürgin Walter , Lussi Adrian , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the periodontal conditions of two randomly selected Swiss cohorts 25 years apart.Material and MethodsStandardized examinations were performed to assess the periodontal conditions of two randomly selected populations of the Canton of Bern; oral cleanliness was evaluated using the plaque index (PlI) and the retention index (RI). Gingival health was scored according to the gingival index (GI). Periodontal conditions were evaluated by pocket probing depth (PPD) and loss of attachment (LA).ResultsAt the first examination in 1985, 206 out of 350 subjects were evaluated, while in the second examination in 2010, 134 out of 490 subjects attended the examinations. In 1985, subjects showed a mean PlI of 1.16, and 0.77 in 2010. RI was 0.81 and 0.36 in 1985 and 2010 respectively. Mean GI was 1.34 and 0.6. The mean proportion of PPD ≤3 mm was 72% in 1985 and 97.3% in 2010. PPD ≥ 6 mm affected 2.0% in 1985 and 0.3% in 2010. In 1985, subjects had an average of 20.7 teeth, while in 2010, the average was 24.6. In 1985, 7.3% of the subjects were edentulous, while in 2010, 4.5% had no teeth.ConclusionsTrends to improvements resulting in more teeth in function and better periodontal conditions were recognized.
Hepatitis C virus coinfection independently increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Fernández‐Montero J. V. , Barreiro P. , de Mendoza C. , Labarga P. , Soriano V. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPatients infected with HIV are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease despite successful antiretroviral therapy. Likewise, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with extrahepatic complications, including cardiovascular disease. However the risk of cardiovascular disease has not been formally examined in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients. A retrospective study was carried out to assess the influence of HCV coinfection on the risk of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of HIV‐infected patients recruited since year 2004. A composite event of cardiovascular disease was used as an endpoint, including myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke or death due to any of them. A total of 1136 patients (567 HIV‐monoinfected, 70 HCV‐monoinfected and 499 HIV/HCV‐coinfected) were analysed. Mean age was 42.7 years, 79% were males, and 46% were former injection drug users. Over a mean follow‐up of 79.4 ± 21 months, 3 patients died due to cardiovascular disease, whereas 29 suffered a first episode of coronary ischaemia or stroke. HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients had a greater incidence of cardiovascular disease events and/or death than HIV‐monoinfected individuals (4% vs 1.2%, P = 0.004) and HCV‐monoinfected persons (4% vs 1.4%, P = 0.5). After adjusting for demographics, virological parameters and classical cardiovascular disease risk factors (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, high LDL cholesterol), both HIV/HCV coinfection (HR 2.91; CI 95%: 1.19–7.12; P = 0.02) and hypertension (HR 3.65; CI 95%: 1.34–9.94; P = 0.01) were independently associated with cardiovascular disease events and/or death in HIV‐infected patients. Chronic hepatitis C and hypertension are independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk in HIV‐infected patients. Therefore, treatment of chronic hepatitis C should be prioritized in HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients regardless of any liver fibrosis staging.
Increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and antiflagellin antibodies in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Dlugosz A. , Nowak P. , D'Amato M. , Mohammadian Kermani G. , Nyström J. , Abdurahman S. , Lindberg G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundInnate immune responses to conserved microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin are likely important in microbial–host interactions and intestinal homeostasis. We hypothesized that bacterial translocation and activation of mucosal immunity against common microbial antigens might be involved in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore compared serum levels of LPS, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and flagellin antibodies between patients with different subtypes of IBS and healthy controls.MethodsWe analyzed serum obtained from 88 patients (74 females) aged 19(43)–73 years and 106 healthy volunteers (77 females) aged 19(38)–62 years. Diarrhea‐predominant IBS (D‐IBS) was present in 32 patients (36%), 23 patients (26%) had constipation‐predominant IBS (C‐IBS), and 33 patients (38%) had A‐IBS. We used ELISA for sCD14 and antiflagellin immunoglobulin G and limulus amebocyte assay for LPS. Abdominal symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using validated questionnaires.Key ResultsWe found a significantly higher serum level of LPS in patients with D‐IBS compared to controls (p = 0.0155). The level of antibodies to flagellin was higher in patients with IBS than in controls (mainly driven by higher levels in D‐IBS, p = 0.0018). The levels of sCD14 were lower in D‐IBS patients compared to controls (p = 0.0498). We found a weak, but significant correlation between the levels of antiflagellin antibodies and anxiety among IBS patients (ρ = 0.38; p = 0.0045).Conclusions & InferencesOur results support the concept that immune reactivity to luminal antigens may have a role in the development of D‐IBS. The serum level of antiflagellin antibodies was found to correlate with patients’ self‐reported anxiety score.
Modeling terrestrial carbon and water dynamics across climatic gradients: does plant trait diversity matter?
Authors: Pappas Christoforos , Fatichi Simone , Burlando Paolo 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Plant trait diversity in many vegetation models is crudely represented using a discrete classification of a handful of ‘plant types’ (named plant functional types; PFTs). The parameterization of PFTs reflects mean properties of observed plant traits over broad categories ignoring most of the inter‐ and intraspecific plant trait variability.

Taking advantage of a multivariate leaf‐trait distribution (leaf economics spectrum), as well as documented plant drought strategies, we generate an ensemble of hypothetical species with coordinated attributes, rather than using few PFTs. The behavior of these proxy species is tested using a mechanistic ecohydrological model that translates plant traits into plant performance. Simulations are carried out for a range of climates representative of different elevations and wetness conditions in the European Alps. Using this framework we investigate the sensitivity of ecosystem response to plant trait diversity and compare it with the sensitivity to climate variability.

Plant trait diversity leads to highly divergent vegetation carbon dynamics (fluxes and pools) and to a lesser extent water fluxes (transpiration). Abiotic variables, such as soil water content and evaporation, are only marginally affected.

These results highlight the need for revising the representation of plant attributes in vegetation models. Probabilistic approaches, based on observed multivariate whole‐plant trait distributions, provide a viable alternative.
Scale‐dependent variation in nitrogen cycling and soil fungal communities along gradients of forest composition and age in regenerating tropical dry forests
Authors: Waring Bonnie G. , Adams Rachel , Branco Sara , Powers Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Rates of ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling may be mediated by the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi, which compete directly with free‐living microbes for N. In the regenerating tropical dry forests of Central America, the distribution of ectomycorrhizal trees is affected by succession and soil parent material, both of which may exert independent influence over soil N fluxes.

In order to quantify these interacting controls, we used a scale‐explicit sampling strategy to examine soil N cycling at scales ranging from the microsite to ecosystem level. We measured fungal community composition, total and inorganic N pools, gross proteolytic rate, net N mineralization and microbial extracellular enzyme activity at multiple locations within 18 permanent plots that span dramatic gradients of soil N concentration, stand age and forest composition.

The ratio of inorganic to organic N cycling was correlated with variation in fungal community structure, consistent with a strong influence of ectomycorrhiza on ecosystem‐scale N cycling. However, on average, > 61% of the variation in soil biogeochemistry occurred within plots, and the effects of forest composition were mediated by this local‐scale heterogeneity in total soil N concentrations.

These cross‐scale interactions demonstrate the importance of a spatially explicit approach towards an understanding of controls on element cycling.
Anemia and autoimmunity markers in an adolescent with Castleman disease
Authors: Fretzayas Andrew , Stasinopoulou Anastasia , Moustaki Maria , Stefos Efstathios , Kaniouras George , Nicolaidou Polyxeni 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe describe herein the case of an adolescent girl with anemia non‐responsive to oral iron, associated with low‐grade fever, diminished appetite and fatigue. A palpable mass below the xiphoid was noted. Laboratory findings were consistent with anemia of inflammation. Direct antiglobulin test was positive without any other evidence of autoimmune anemia. Other autoantibodies, such as anti‐thyroid and anti‐nuclear antibodies, were also positive. After thorough investigation, Castleman disease was the most likely diagnosis on the basis of high serum interleukin (IL)‐6 and the magnetic resonance imaging findings. 18 F‐FDG positron emission tomography–computed tomography showed a localized hypermetabolic mass, which was resected. Castleman disease of plasma type was identified on histology. Hemogloblin and IL‐6 gradually returned to normal, whereas positive autoantibodies became negative. This case emphasizes the need to investigate thoroughly for the underlying cause of anemia of inflammation and to include Castleman disease in the differential diagnosis, on the measurement of IL‐6.
Life‐threatening acute gastric dilatation with aorta compression in a 3‐year‐old child
Authors: Kim Ah Young , Jung Se Yong , Eun Lucy Youngmin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report a fatal case of acute gastric dilatation in a 3‐year old boy who presented with severe abdominal pain and massive gastric distension in the emergency room. On physical examination the patient was in shock due to acute abdomen and lower limb ischemia. Initial laboratory findings showed multi‐organ failure with acute renal failure and pancreatitis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed marked dilatation of the stomach resulting in compression of the abdominal aorta. The left kidney, spleen and pancreas were not visible on CT due to the necrotic changes. The patient was quickly stabilized by initial volume resuscitation, but suddenly deteriorated immediately after gastric decompression via nasogastric tube, and died from multi‐organ failure 3 h after initial presentation.
Sporadic Epstein syndrome with macrothrombocytopenia, sensorineural hearing loss and renal failure
Authors: Makino Shigeru , Kunishima Shinji , Ikumi Aki , Awaguni Hitoshi , Shinozuka Jun , Tanaka Shin‐ichiro , Maruyama Rikken , Imashuku Shinsaku 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe report here a sporadic case of Epstein syndrome, one of the MYH9 disorders. A Japanese boy was first noted to have thrombocytopenia at 3 years of age. Blood smear showed giant platelets but no Döhle‐like bodies in the neutrophils. He had no family history of thrombocytopenia, hearing loss, and/or renal failure. Thrombocytopenia took a chronic course and platelet count fluctuated in the range 18 000–46 000/μL, not responding to i.v. immunoglobulin or prednisolone treatment. The patient had episodes of gross nasal bleeding at 7 and 18 years of age. Mild hearing loss was suspected at 6, and proteinuria was first noted at 14 years of age. At the development of renal failure at 24 years of age, he was identified to have de novo R702H MYH9 mutation. This case illustrates the importance of suspecting MYH9 disorder even in cases of chronic macrothrombocytopenia without family history.
Phylogenetic analyses of CloeodesTraver and related genera (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
Authors: SALLES FREDERICO F. , GATTOLLIAT JEAN‐LUC , SARTORI MICHEL 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCloeodes Traver is atypical among Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) because it seems to possess a unique Pantropical distribution. Thirty‐nine species have been described to date, 26 from the Neotropics, four from the Southern Nearctic, seven from the Afrotropics and two from the Oriental region. Several genera have been considered related to Cloeodes during the last decades, of which the following remain valid: Crassabwa Lugo‐Ortiz & McCafferty, Dabulamanzia Lugo‐Ortiz & McCafferty (both Afrotropical), Bungona Harker (Australasian) and Chopralla Waltz & McCafferty (Oriental). Despite their supposed relationship, a phylogenetic analysis between all of these genera has never been performed. In the present paper, based on an extensive analysis of all genera that have been considered related to Cloeodes, a phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters (continuous and discrete) was performed in order to address the monophyly of the genus Cloeodes within the Cloeodes complex of genera. According to our results, Cloeodes and the complex are paraphyletic. Based on this, Cloeodes is restricted to the New World, Potamocloeon is revalidated to include most representatives of Afrotropical Cloeodes and is divided into two subgenera: Potamocloeon (Africa) and the new Aquaediva (Madagascar). In addition, the concept of Bungona is expanded to include Australasian and Oriental taxa – namely the subgenera Chopralla and the revalidated Centroptella – and finally the new genus Crassolus is established to include C. inzingae comb.n. from Africa.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C416090E-C43D-481A-9A3D-F3B1EEE41176.
Alloantibody against new platelet alloantigen (Lapa) on glycoprotein IIb is responsible for a case of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Heidinger Kathrin , Röder Lida , Werth Silke , Giptner Astrid , Hackstein Holger , Knorr Martin , Bein Gregor , Sachs Ulrich J. , Santoso Sentot 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUNDFetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) is caused by the destruction of platelets (PLTs) in the fetus or newborn by maternal PLT antibodies that crossed the placenta during pregnancy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn this study, we aim to elucidate the properties of a new PLT alloantigen (Lapa) that is associated with a severe case of FNAIT. Analysis of maternal serum with phenotyped PLTs by monoclonal antibody–specific immobilization of platelet antigens showed positive reaction against PLT glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa and HLA Class I expressed on paternal PLTs.RESULTSIn contrast to GPIIIa‐reactive anti‐HPA‐1a, anti‐Lapa alloantibodies precipitated predominantly GPIIb. Indeed, a point mutation G>C at Position 2511 located in Exon 25 of the ITGA2B gene was found in Lapa‐positive donors. This mutation causes an amino exchange Gln>His at Position 806 located in the calf‐2 domain of GPIIb. Lapa‐positive individuals were not found in 300 random blood donors. Our expression study showed that anti‐Lapa alloantibodies reacted with stable transfected HEK293 cells expressing the mutated GPIIb isoform (His806). CHO cells carrying this isoform, however, failed to react with anti‐Lapa alloantibodies, indicating that Lapa epitopes depend on the Gln806His mutation and the carbohydrate composition of the GPIIb. This mutation did not hamper the binding of anti‐HPA‐3a, which recognizes a point mutation (Ile843Ser) located in calf‐2 domain. Finally, we found that Lapa and some HPA‐3a epitopes are sensitive to O‐glycanase.CONCLUSIONSThis study not only underlines the relevance of rare HPAs on the pathomechanism of FNAIT, but also helps to understand the pitfalls of serologic assays to detect anti‐GPIIb alloantibodies.