bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rTPA) in The Treatment of Fibrinous Pleuropneumonia in Horses: 25 Cases (2007–2012)
Authors: Tomlinson J.E. , Byrne E. , Pusterla N. , Magdesian K. Gary , Hilton H.G. , McGorum B. , Davis E. , Schoster A. , Arroyo L. , Dunkel B. , Carslake H. , Boston R.C. , Johnson A.L. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundInformation about treatment protocols, adverse effects and outcomes with intrapleural recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) use in horses with fibrinous pleuropneumonia is limited.Hypothesis/ObjectivesDescribe factors that contribute to clinical response and survival of horses treated with rTPA intrapleurally.AnimalsHorses with bacterial pneumonia and fibrinous pleural effusion diagnosed by ultrasonography, that were treated with rTPA intrapleurally.MethodsRetrospective multicenter case series from 2007–2012. Signalment, history, clinical and laboratory evaluation, treatment, and outcome obtained from medical records. Regression analysis used to identify associations between treatments and outcomes.ResultsThirty three hemithoraces were treated in 25 horses, with 55 separate treatments. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (375–20,000 μg/hemithorax) was administered 1–4 times. Sonographically visible reduction in fibrin mat thickness, loculations, fluid depth, or some combination of these was seen in 32/49 (65%) treatments. Response to at least 1 treatment was seen in 17/20 (85%) horses with sonographic follow‐up evaluation after every treatment. Earlier onset of rTPA treatment associated with increased survival odds. No association was found between cumulative rTPA dose or number of rTPA doses and survival, development of complications, duration of hospitalization or total charges. Clinical evidence of hypocoagulability or bleeding was not observed. Eighteen horses (72%) survived to discharge.Conclusions and clinical importanceTreatment with rTPA appeared safe and resulted in variable changes in fibrin quantity and organization within the pleural space. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator could be a useful adjunct to standard treatment of fibrinous pleuropneumonia, but optimal case selection and dosing regimen remain to be elucidated.
To be, or not to be, related: how female guppies bias sperm usage
Authors: Young Brent W. , Dean Matthew D. 
Published: August 2015

In the Descent of Man, Darwin wrote “the power to charm the female has sometimes been more important than the power to conquer other males in battle” (Darwin ). Since his pioneering work, the field of sexual selection has exploded as biologists strive to understand how females bias fertilization towards preferred males. In the context of genetic relatedness between potential mates, two main hypotheses exist to explain female mating preferences. First, a female may bias fertilization towards genetically dissimilar males if she gains evolutionary fitness through the production of genetically diverse offspring – a model known as dissortative mating or inbreeding avoidance. Second, a female may favour genetically similar males if her offspring are more likely to inherit coadapted gene complexes – a model known as assortative mating or outbreeding avoidance. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Gasparini et al. (2015) demonstrate that female guppies bias fertilization towards males which are more related to them at major histocompatibility (MHC) class IIB genes. Amazingly, this bias occurs after insemination of sperm from two different males.
Maternal protein restriction reduces perlecan at mid‐metanephrogenesis in rats
Authors: Tang Xiao‐Shan , Shen Qian , Chen Jing , Zha Xi‐Liang , Xu Hong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimMaternal dietary protein restriction reduces nephron number in offspring and increases the risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Perlecan is the major basement membrane/extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that plays a crucial role in nephron formation. This study was to determine whether maternal dietary protein restriction during pregnancy leads to an abnormal perlecan expression pattern during kidney development and a correlation with aberrant cell proliferation and apoptosis.MethodsPregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups, maintained on either a low‐protein diet (MLP group) or a normal‐protein diet (MNP group). Kidneys were dissected from embryos of different kidney development stages. Real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect the transcript level of rHSPG2, the coding gene of perlecan, and its protein expression pattern. Apoptosis and proliferation cell were detected by TUNEL system and Ki67 marker.ResultsEmbryonic weights and nephron number were significantly affected by maternal low protein diets. The transcript level of rHSPG2 in the MLP group was significantly lower at embryonic day 18 and the neonatal period. Immunohistochemistry study was consistent with the RT‐PCR results. The proliferation level of the MLP group was significantly lower than the MNP group at E18 and more apoptotic cells was detected in MLP newborn.ConclusionMaternal protein restriction reduced the expression of perlecan and lead aberrant cell proliferation and apoptosis during mid‐metanephrogenesis in offspring. This data may provide new evidence to understand the mechanism of reduced nephron number due to maternal protein restriction and enlighten solution.
Cross‐sectional survey of the disaster preparedness of nurses across the Asia–Pacific region
Authors: Usher Kim , Mills Jane , West Caryn , Casella Evan , Dorji Passang , Guo Aimin , Koy Virya , Pego George , Phanpaseuth Souksavanh , Phouthavong Olaphim , Sayami Jamuna , Lak Muy Seang , Sio Alison , Ullah Mohammad Mofiz , Sheng Yu , Zang Yuli , Buettner Petra , Woods Cindy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHealthcare workers who have received disaster preparedness education are more likely to report a greater understanding of disaster preparedness. However, research indicates that current nursing curricula do not adequately prepare nurses to respond to disasters. This is the first study to assess Asia–Pacific nurses' perceptions about their level of disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted with 757 hospital and community nurses in seven Asia–Pacific countries. Data were collected using the modified Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool. Participants were found to have overall low‐to‐moderate levels of disaster knowledge, skills and preparedness, wherein important gaps were identified. A majority of the variance in disaster preparedness scores was located at the level of the individual respondent, not linked to countries or institutions. Multilevel random effects modelling identified disaster experience and education as significant factors of positive perceptions of disaster knowledge, skills, and management. The first step toward disaster preparedness is to ensure frontline health workers are able to respond effectively to disaster events. The outcomes of this study have important policy and education implications.
Intermittent versus Persistent Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome in Children: Electrophysiologic Properties and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: KIGER MICHELLE E. , MCCANTA ANTHONY C. , TONG SUHONG , SCHAFFER MICHAEL , RUNCIMAN MARTIN , COLLINS KATHRYN K. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundIntermittent Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome is considered to have a lower risk of sudden death. Fewer data exist regarding electrophysiologic (EP) characteristics and the natural history of intermittent WPW in children.MethodsAll patients with WPW age 1–18 years at a single institution (1996–2013) were reviewed. Patients with intermittent preexcitation were compared to those with loss of preexcitation on Holter/exercise testing and those with persistent preexcitation. High‐risk accessory pathway (AP) was defined as AP effective refractory period (APERP), block cycle length, or shortest preexcited RR interval during atrial fibrillation ≤250 ms.ResultsA total of 295 patients were included: 226 (76.6%) persistent, 39 (13.2%) intermittent, and 30 (10.2%) loss of preexcitation Holter/exercise. There were no differences in symptoms between groups. Median interquartile range APERP was significantly longer in intermittent WPW (380 [320, 488] ms vs 320 [300, 350] ms persistent, 310 [290, 330] ms loss of preexcitation Holter/exercise; P = 0.0008). At baseline, there was no difference between groups in frequency of high‐risk pathways. However, when isoproterenol values were included, high‐risk pathways were more frequent among patients with loss of preexcitation on Holter/exercise (54% vs 16% persistent, 11% intermittent; P = 0.005). There was one death in a patient with loss of preexcitation on exercise testing, no EP study, and prior drug use. A second patient with persistent WPW and APERP 270 ms required resuscitation following a methadone overdose.ConclusionIntermittent preexcitation in children does not connote a lower risk AP by EP criteria or reduced symptoms. The low number of pediatric WPW patients who develop preexcited atrial fibrillation or sudden death warrants larger studies to investigate these outcomes.
What is a vertebrate pigment cell?
Authors: Schartl Manfred , Larue Lionel , Goda Makoto , Bosenberg Marcus W. , Hashimoto Hisashi , Kelsh Robert N. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryOn the basis of discussions emerging from a workshop and discussions at the 7th meeting of the European Society for Pigment Cell Research in Geneva in 2012, this manuscript outlines useful criteria for defining the bona fide pigment cells as a functional entity of the vertebrate body plan and differentiating them from ‘pigmented’ cells in general. It also proposes a nomenclature for various types of pigment cells of vertebrates.
Off‐label and unlicensed use of medicinal products in the neonatal setting in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Schweigertova Jana , Durisova Alena , Dolnikova Dana , Ondriasova Elena , Balazova Martina , Slezakova Veronika , Kuzelova Magdalena 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundFrequent prescription of medication in an unapproved manner (off‐label or unlicensed) in the neonatal setting is a result of the limited availability of adequately studied drugs in the pediatric population. Given that little information is available on this issue from eastern European countries, the purpose of this study was to describe for the first time the extent and pattern of off‐label or unlicensed use of medicines in newborns in the Slovak Republic.MethodsCross‐sectional study was performed at the Department of Pathological Newborns of Children's University Hospital, Bratislava, and Unit of Pathological Newborns of Teaching Hospital Nitra. Data were collected on hospitalized neonates admitted between 1 April and 30 September 2012 who received pharmacotherapy. Label status of the administered drugs was determined according to the Slovak Summaries of Product Characteristics.ResultsA total of 962 prescriptions referring to 97 different medications was administered to 202 hospitalized newborns (46% premature). Anti‐infectives and alimentary drugs were the most commonly prescribed. Of all prescriptions, 43% were identified as off‐label and 4.8% as unlicensed. At least one off‐label or unlicensed drug was given to 88.6% of patients. Ketoconazole was the most frequent drug used in an unapproved manner. A total of 13.8% of all prescriptions was administered despite contraindication.ConclusionsAdministration of drugs to newborns in an unapproved manner was common in the participating Slovak neonatal wards, reflecting the lack of appropriate pediatric drug labeling.
Food allergy in children with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Yukselen Ayfer , Celtik Coskun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundGastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and food allergy are frequent disorders of childhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of food allergy in children with refractory GERD.MethodsA total of 151 children resistant to pharmacologic GERD treatment underwent skin prick test, specific immunoglobulin E, eosinophil count, atopy patch test (APT), and oral food challenge, and were then divided into three groups according to the results of oral milk challenge and allergy work‐up: group A1, positive oral milk challenge and positive IgE‐mediated allergy test; group A2, positive milk challenge and negative IgE‐mediated allergy test; and group B, negative oral milk challenge and negative allergy tests.ResultsThere were 35, 30 and 86 patients in group A1, group A2 and group B, respectively. A total of 28 of 35 patients in group A1 had cow's milk allergy and the other seven patients had egg allergy. APT positivity was more common in group A2. Endoscopic esophagitis was observed in six group A1 patients and in four group A2 patients. Bloody stools, atopic dermatitis and recurrent wheezing episodes were significantly more common in group A1 than in group A2 and group B (P < 0.001, for both).ConclusionCow's milk allergy was observed frequently in children resistant to pharmacologic GERD treatment. Combined skin prick and specific IgE tests, APT and oral food challenge is essential for avoidance of unnecessary elimination diet.
Oral health and quality of life of children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis according to their caregivers’ perceptions
Authors: Santos Débora , Silva Carlos , Silva Marlete 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the correlation between oral health indicators and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) according to their caregivers’ perceptions. Parents or guardians (mean age, 40.6 years; standard deviation [SD] = 10.97 years) of children and adolescents with JIA (n = 17; mean age, 9.8 years; SD = 2.86) and parents or guardians of healthy children and adolescents (n = 15; mean age, 10.7 years; SD = 2.16) filled the short form of the Brazilian Parental‐Caregiver Questionnaire (SF: 13 – B‐PCPQ). Dental evaluations were performed on all children. There was no significant difference in SF: 13 – B‐PCPQ scores of the two groups. Children and adolescents with JIA had fewer caries in their primary dentition and more gingival bleeding after probing than those without JIA. The frequency of temporomandibular disorders was 50.0% for JIA patients and 46.7% for their healthy counterparts. There was no correlation between oral health indicators and SF: 13 – B‐PCPQ scores. As perceived by caregivers, JIA did not negatively impact the well‐being of their children and adolescents as related to oral health, and their OHRQoL did not correlate with oral health status.
Itching sensation and neuronal sensitivity of the skin
Authors: Ham H. , An S. M. , Lee E. J. , Lee E. , Kim H. O. , Koh J. S. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundSensitive skin is a universal term in the field of cosmetology. In addition, the development and demand for sensitive skin cosmetics is increasing. However, there is no appropriate method for detecting sensitive skin.MethodsWe analyzed the relationship between the frequency of response at each sensation (stinging, burning, and itching) during a lactic acid sting test and the current perception threshold (CPT) value of each frequency. To reconfirm this relationship, we analyzed differences of the CPT value (5 Hz) between the itch responder and non‐itch responder groups.ResultsThere is a significant correlation between itch sensation and CPT values of 5 Hz. The itch responder group showed significantly lower sensory perception value of 5 Hz than the non‐itch responder group.ConclusionThe CPT value (5 Hz) can be used for scanning for itching sensations when a cosmetic or its ingredients possibly cause the sensation.
The Arabidopsis thylakoid transporter PHT4;1 influences phosphate availability for ATP synthesis and plant growth
Authors: Karlsson Patrik M. , Herdean Andrei , Adolfsson Lisa , Beebo Azeez , Nziengui Hugues , Irigoyen Sonia , Ünnep Renáta , Zsiros Ottó , Nagy Gergely , Garab Győző , Aronsson Henrik , Versaw Wayne K. , Spetea Cornelia 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe Arabidopsis phosphate transporter PHT4;1 was previously localized to the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Here we investigated the physiological consequences of the absence of PHT4;1 for photosynthesis and plant growth. In standard growth conditions, two independent Arabidopsis knockout mutant lines displayed significantly reduced leaf size and biomass but normal phosphorus content. When mutants were grown in high‐phosphate conditions, the leaf phosphorus levels increased and the growth phenotype was suppressed. Photosynthetic measurements indicated that in the absence of PHT4;1 stromal phosphate was reduced to levels that limited ATP synthase activity. This resulted in reduced CO2 fixation and accumulation of soluble sugars, limiting plant growth. The mutants also displayed faster induction of non‐photochemical quenching than the wild type, in line with the increased contribution of ΔpH to the proton‐motive force across thylakoids. Small‐angle neutron scattering showed a smaller lamellar repeat distance, whereas circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated a perturbed long‐range order of photosystem II (PSII) complexes in the mutant thylakoids. The absence of PHT4;1 did not alter the PSII repair cycle, as indicated by wild‐type levels of phosphorylation of PSII proteins, inactivation and D1 protein degradation. Interestingly, the expression of genes for several thylakoid proteins was downregulated in the mutants, but the relative levels of the corresponding proteins were either not affected or could not be discerned. Based on these data, we propose that PHT4;1 plays an important role in chloroplast phosphate compartmentation and ATP synthesis, which affect plant growth. It also maintains the ionic environment of thylakoids, which affects the macro‐organization of complexes and induction of photoprotective mechanisms.
Gene transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines induced by IL‐17A in canine keratinocytes
Authors: Asahina Ryota , Kamishina Harumi , Kamishina Hiroaki , Maeda Sadatoshi 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundPro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines produced by activated keratinocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) as well as human AD. Recent studies suggest that keratinocytes activated by IL‐17A are involved in the pathogenesis of human AD. However, the role of IL‐17A in canine keratinocytes is poorly understood.Hypothesis/objectivesInterleukin‐17A would induce the transcription of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in canine keratinocytes.MethodsThe transcription levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were quantified in a canine keratinocyte cell line stimulated with recombinant canine (rc) IL‐17A.ResultsThe transcription of GM‐CSF, S100A8, IL‐8 and IL‐19 in cultured keratinocytes was significantly enhanced at 24 h after stimulation with rcIL‐17A.Conclusions and clinical importanceKeratinocytes activated by IL‐17A have the ability to produce various pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting that IL‐17A may play a central role of the development of Th2‐associated inflammation in canine AD.
Cultural Linguistics and world Englishes
Authors: SHARIFIAN FARZAD 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCultural Linguistics is a multidisciplinary field of research that explores how features of human languages and language varieties are entrenched in cultural conceptualisations such as cultural schemas (models), cultural categories, and cultural‐conceptual metaphors. This paper presents an overview of the emerging field of Cultural Linguistics and argues, by presenting examples from several varieties of English, that world Englishes need to be examined from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics in order for us to gain a better understanding of how English is used by communities of speakers around the world to express their cultural conceptualisations, including their world views.
Reference respiratory waveforms by minimum jerk model analysis
Authors: Anetai Yusuke , Sumida Iori , Takahashi Yutaka , Yagi Masashi , Ota Seiichi , Mizuno Hirokazu , Ogawa Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:CyberKnife® robotic surgery system has the ability to deliver radiation to a tumor subject to respiratory movements using Synchrony® mode with less than 2 mm tracking accuracy. However, rapid and rough motion tracking causes mechanical tracking errors and puts mechanical stress on the robotic joint, leading to unexpected radiation delivery errors. During clinical treatment, patient respiratory motions are much more complicated, suggesting the need for patient‐specific modeling of respiratory motion. The purpose of this study was to propose a novel method that provides a reference respiratory wave to enable smooth tracking for each patient.Methods:The minimum jerk model, which mathematically derives smoothness by means of jerk, or the third derivative of position and the derivative of acceleration with respect to time that is proportional to the time rate of force changed was introduced to model a patient‐specific respiratory motion wave to provide smooth motion tracking using CyberKnife®. To verify that patient‐specific minimum jerk respiratory waves were being tracked smoothly by Synchrony® mode, a tracking laser projection from CyberKnife® was optically analyzed every 0.1 s using a webcam and a calibrated grid on a motion phantom whose motion was in accordance with three pattern waves (cosine, typical free‐breathing, and minimum jerk theoretical wave models) for the clinically relevant superior–inferior directions from six volunteers assessed on the same node of the same isocentric plan.Results:Tracking discrepancy from the center of the grid to the beam projection was evaluated. The minimum jerk theoretical wave reduced the maximum‐peak amplitude of radial tracking discrepancy compared with that of the waveforms modeled by cosine and typical free‐breathing model by 22% and 35%, respectively, and provided smooth tracking for radial direction. Motion tracking constancy as indicated by radial tracking discrepancy affected by respiratory phase was improved in the minimum jerk theoretical model by 7.0% and 13% compared with that of the waveforms modeled by cosine and free‐breathing model, respectively.Conclusions:The minimum jerk theoretical respiratory wave can achieve smooth tracking by CyberKnife® and may provide patient‐specific respiratory modeling, which may be useful for respiratory training and coaching, as well as quality assurance of the mechanical CyberKnife® robotic trajectory.