bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue plasminogen activator as an anti‐angiogenic agent in experimental laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization
Authors: OZONE D , NOZAKI M , OHBAYASHI M , HASEGAWA N , KATO A , YASUKAWA T , OGURA Y 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a fibrinolytic compound, utilized originally to treat embolic or thrombotic stroke and as an adjuvant for displacement of submacular hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to investigate anti‐angiogenic effects of tPA on experimental laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice.Methods CNV was induced by laser injury in C57BL/6J mice, and intravitreal injection of tPA (4 or 40 IU/µl) or PBS was performed immediately after laser injury. Fluorescein angiography was performed 7 days after laser treatment to grade fluorescein leakage. And CNV volumes were measured by confocal evaluation of Isolectin B4 staining of RPE‐choroid flatmounts. The expression of fibrin on day 3 was observed by immunostaining.Results Fluorescein leakage was inhibited by tPA in a dose‐dependent manner, and a significant difference was found with tPA (40 IU/ µl) compared with PBS (p=0.02). A dose‐dependent suppression of CNV volume was also observed by tPA, and there was a significant differences between tPA (40 IU/µl) (208988  52456 µm3) and PBS (386902  103060 µm3, p<0.01). The expression of fibrin was reduced in eyes treated with tPA.Conclusion Intravitreal injection of tPA reduced the expression of fibrin and significantly suppressed laser‐induced CNV in mice. These findings suggested that tPA might be anti‐angiogenic and have a potential as an adjuvant to anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.
Major American dietary patterns are related to age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: CHIU CJ , CHANG ML , ZHANG FF , LI T , GENSLER G , SCHLEICHER M , TAYLOR A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose We hypothesized that major American dietary patterns are associated with age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) risk.Methods 8,103 eyes from 4,088 eligible participants in the baseline Age‐Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) were classified into control (n=2,739), early AMD (n=4,599), and advanced AMD (n=765) by AREDS AMD Classification System. Food consumption data were collected by a 90‐item food frequency questionnaire.Results Two major dietary patterns were identified by factor (principle component) analysis based on 37 food groups and named Oriental and Western patterns. The Oriental pattern was characterized by higher intake of vegetables, legumes, fruit, whole grains, tomatoes, and seafood. The Western pattern was characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, high‐fat dairy products, French fries, refined grains, and eggs. We ranked our participants according to how closely their diets line up with the two patterns by calculating the two factor scores for each participant. For early AMD, multivariate‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) from generalized estimating equation logistic analysis comparing the highest to lowest quintile of the Oriental pattern score was ORE5O=0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59‐0.91; Ptrend=0.01), and the OR comparing the highest to lowest quintile of the Western pattern score was ORE5W=1.56 (1.18‐2.06; Ptrend=0.01). For advanced AMD, the ORA5O was 0.38 (0.27‐0.54; Ptrend<0.0001), and the ORA5W was 3.70 (2.31‐5.92; Ptrend<0.0001).Conclusion Our data indicate that overall diet is significantly associated with the odds of AMD and that dietary management as an AMD prevention strategy warrants further study.
Predictive value of outer retina Enface OCT imaging in geographic atrophy progression
Authors: GIOCANTI‐AUREGAN A , TADAYONI R , DOURMAD P , MAGAZZINI S , COHEN SY 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine wether there was a correlation between hypo reflective area in Enface OCT of outer retina at baseline, and geographic atrophy (GA) area 1 year later in dry age‐related macular degeneration (AMD)Methods Retrospective study. We included all patients who underwent a clinical examination for dry AMD from July to November 2013 and who had macular captured Enface OCT. Eyes with previously treated wet AMD were excluded. We analysed hypo reflectivity on Enface SD‐OCT extraction (Cirrus 2, Carl Zeiss Meditec,Dublin) of the outer retina 20 µm above retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), corresponding to the disruption of ellipsoid line (EZ), and extraction below RPE corresponding to GA, the speed of progression of these 2 parameters, the pattern of these areas, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on ETDRS scale, and foveal involvement in GA. Our endpoint was the correlation between the difference area EZ‐GA and GA enlargement over 1 year on Enface OCT. Our secondary endpoint was the pattern similarities between both of these parameters.Results We included 38 eyes of 31 patients with dry AMD, mean age was 84,9 years. At baseline, mean size of GA area was 7.1 mm2, mean size of hypo reflectivity was 9.28 mm2, fovea was involved in GA in 49% of cases, BCVA was 64.2 letters. One year later, mean size of GA area was 9.2 mm2, fovea was involved in 54% of cases, BCVA was 58.8 letters. The rate of progression of GA was 2.04 mm2 per year. The difference EZ‐GA at baseline and GA enlargement were not strongly correlated. The pattern of EZ disruption on Enface OCT was correlated in more than 2/3rd of cases with the pattern of GA 1 year later.Conclusion EZ disruption and GA 1 year later are not constantly correlated
Five‐year results of ICG‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy combined with intravitreal Ranibizumab for juxtapapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with macular involvement
Authors: PETROPOULOS IK , MATTER MA , DESMANGLES PM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Long‐term results of the treatment of 3 patients with juxtapapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy complicated by a serous macular pigment epithelium detachment (PED) are presented.Methods Two women and one man (70, 77, and 84 years of age, respectively) presented with recent vision decrease in one eye. Decimal visual acuity (VA) of the affected eye was 0.2, 0.6, and 0.3, respectively. Fluorescein and ICG angiography as well as optical coherence tomography revealed juxtapapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and a large, dome‐shaped, serous macular PED.Results Selective ICG‐guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin directed to the juxtapapillary polyps was performed, followed by 3 monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (Lucentis®), resulting in complete regression of the serous macular PED and in sustained VA increase. One month after the third injection, VA of the affected eye was 0.6, 0.9, and 1.0, respectively. One year later, VA of the affected eye was 0.7, 1.0, and 0.9, respectively. During 5 years of follow‐up, no recurrence of exudation was observed and VA remained the same.Conclusion The association of selective ICG‐guided juxtapapillary PDT with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab apparently led to scarring of the source of subretinal fluid, to protection of the adjacent normal choriocapillary network, and to protection against the VEGF spike described after PDT, thus enabling significant vision improvement. Combined treatment with ICG‐guided PDT and intravitreal ranibizumab is beneficial for juxtapapillary polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with macular involvement, offering excellent long‐term results.
Neovascular amd: multimodal criteria of neovascular activity
Authors: GONZALEZ C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the multimodal criteria and the best evaluation of neovascular activity to indicate recurrence and so treatment indicationMethods 218 eyes of 170 patients, 50 men, 120 women, with subretinal neovascularization complicating AMD. First and 2 months’ interval follow‐up exam included ETDRS visual acuity (VA), complete ophthalmic examination with fundus exam, optical coherence tomography (HRA spectral domain OCT), fluorescein (FA) and infracyanine (ICG) angiography. VA and OCT were done before each IVTResults Each exam was analyzed, evaluation was given, and compared to previous one. A score was established for each data, so exam, using cross. Every score was added to each other, the value of final score determine the degree of activity. The cross grading scale was: for VA: impaired = ++, same = +, improved = 0; for OCT: increased (inflammation, diffuse edema, MCO, SRD, Neovascularization thickness) = ++, same = +, reduced = 0; for FA: increased (diffusion, occults, PED, MCO, Neovascularization density) = ++ (according to increased intensity : ++++ (intense), +++ (moderate), ++ (mild)), same = +, decreased = 0; for ICG: High Flow NeoVx = ++++, Middle Flow NeoVx = +++, Low Flow NeoVx = ++. Score superior or equal to 8 mean Neovascular activity and so treatment indication. Using those criteria, Neovascular activity definition is more discriminating and efficient. Treatment indications are more precise and discerning. With those Neovascular activity and indication treatment criteria, this so called Proreactive protocol was defined and appliedConclusion The multimodal criteria of Neovascular activity allow us to improve Neovascularization definition, then treatment indications, therefore to propose Proreactive protocol treatment ,optimization of antiVEGF IVT treatment
Influence of lornoxicam and triamcinolone on the dynamics of eye remodeling in concanavalin model of inflammation
Authors: ERDIAKOV A , GAVRILOVA S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To compare the effects of NSAID lornoxicam and corticosteroid triamcinolone on the dynamics of eye remodeling in concanavalin model of inflammation.Methods Eye of Wistar rat was injected with 0,5 mcg (2,5 mcl) concanavalin A (ConA) in vitreous cavity. After 20 min rats received a saline, 16 mcg lornoxicam or 80 mcg triamcinolone intravitreal injection (2 mcl). On 1 and 2 day after that the medication was administered systemically. Histological evaluation of retinas was made on 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after inravitreal injection of ConA.Results The total frequency of cararactogenesis after the injection of ConA was 72%. Lornoxicam and triamcinolone suppressed the development of cataracts. Lornoxicam 6 times decreased the total frequency of eye hemorrhage. After 7 days following ConA injection lornoxicam decreased thickness of more retina layers than triamcinolone. After 14 days triamcinolone increased the thickness of the outer plexiform, inner nuclear, inner plexiform layers as compared with the control group. At day 14 lornoxicam but not triamcinolone reduced the thickness of ganglion cell layer (GCL). At day 28 both drugs reduced the thickness of GCL. Phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase (COX) blocking reduced structural abnormalities of the retina, but its thickness increased on 56 day after triamcinolone administration.Conclusion Lornoxicam prevented the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), reduced the severity of symptoms typical for proliferative diseases of the eye. It also inhibited the proliferation of retinal cells. Triamcinolone impaired the overall health of animals, less prevented the development of PVR compared to lornoxicam. Its effect on the proliferation of retinal cells was ambiguous.
Multifocal choroïditis: is it a granulomatosis close to sarcoidosis?
Authors: BENLAHBIB M , HAJJI Z , BENCHERIFA F , BOULANOUAR A , BERRAHO A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Multifocal choroiditis is an idiopathic posterior uveitis. It combines small white spots in fundus of eye and recurrent intraocular inflammation. Some biological or radiological manifestations of sarcoidosis may be found in these patients.Methods We report a case of severe multifocal choroiditis associated with systemic granulomatosis. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical and therapeutic aspects, and discuss the etiopathogenic approach of this rare entity.Results A 45 years old women who consults for blurred vision. Visual acuity is reduced at 1/20 P8 in right eye and 3/10 P5 in the left. There is a hyalite + bilaterally. Peri papillary atrophy, hemorrhage around the macula, multiple white and pigmentis small spots was found in fundus of eyes. Retinal thickening and involvements of the pigment epithelium and choroid are revealed by macular OCT in the right eye. The fluorescein angiography show hypofluorescence of chorioretinal spots in early time, a window effect scarring and bilateral papillitis. The ECA is 74 UECA. Chest scan reveal a non specific parenchymal micronodules. The patient received systemic corticosteroids. Control OCT show a subretinal fibrosis explaining the introduction of immunosuppressant treatment. The final visual acuity is 1/10 right and 12/10 left with a decline of 3 years.Conclusion Although intraocular manifestations of multifocal choroiditis, it most correspond to a systemic granulomatosis near sarcoidosis.
A review of acute posterior multifocal placoid epitheliopathy
Authors: PEREZ NAVARRO I , ALMENARA MICHELENA C , CARAMELLO C , HERRERA L , PEREZ GARCIA D , MARTINEZ M , ESTEBAN O 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is a rare inflammatory disease, generally of unknown a etiology, affecting the choriocapillaris, the pigment epithelium and the outer retina. It predominantly affects young patients.Methods Our patient was a 14‐year‐old female presented with rapid bilateral loss of vision She reported lu‐like symptoms and taking antibiotics therapy. Fundoscopy revealed yellow‐white subretinal lesions in the posterior pole with foveolar affectation of both eyes. Fluorescein angiography in acute stage of the disease demonstrated early hypofluorescence followed by later hyperfluorescence of the lesions. Indocyanine green angiography demonstrated hypofluorescence in all stages of the angiogram.Results After a period of 7 days oral prednisone treatment she was completely recoveredConclusion Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is characterized by rapid, but transient loss of visual acuity. Diagnosis is established in fluorescein angiography and prognosis for recovery is good, however in cases with poor visual acuity glicocorticosteroids might be beneficial. Usage of steroids is recommended for treating APMPPE in cases where macula is involved and in recurrent cases
Intravitreal dexamethasone implant in the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema (Irvine Gass syndrom): one year retrospective study
Authors: LANDRé C , GASTAUD P , BAILLIF S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone 0.7mg intravitreal implant in patients with chronic postoperative cystoid macular edema.Methods Fourteen patients’ charts were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with postoperative cystoid macular edema. The main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and mean central retinal thickness (CRT).Results Patients mean age was 72.1 years. All patients were pseudophakic. Six patients were diabetic. Four patients had received a previous treatment with intravitreal ranimizumab. The mean BCVA before intravitreal dexamethasone was 0.75 logmar. It improved to 0.56 at month 1 and was 0,45 at month 3. The pre injection mean CRT was 584.6 µm. It improved to 309 µm at month 1 and was 341,5 at month 3. Seven patients presented an elevated intraocular pressure during the follow upConclusion Intravitreal dexamethasone implant improved visual acuity and macular thickness at month 1 and month 3 in patients with postoperative cystoid macular edema. However its beneficial effect seemed to decrease at month 3.
Prognostic factors for epiretinal membrane surgery
Authors: PAPANDREOU I , FALLON T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the outcome of epiretinal membrane surgery and to recognize potential prognostic factors.Methods Case notes and SD‐OCT scans from all patients that were operated for epiretinal membranes between 01/2010 and 12/2013 were reviewed. All patients had received a standard 23G pars plana vitrectomy with epiretinal membrane peel by a single surgeon. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on the logMAR chart was recorded before surgery and at the last visit. Central retina thickness (CRT) was measured manually on the corresponding OCT scans. OCT was performed with the Spectralis OCT device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) using the standard protocol of the clinic. Statistical analysis involved the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman correlation test.Results 26 eyes of 26 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 76.2 years (range 36‐87). The follow up time was up to 41 months with a mean of 15. The mean BCVA was 0.89 before and 0.70 after surgery (p=0.01). The mean BCVA improvement of 2 lines remained among patients with idiopathic (p=0.02) and secondary membranes (p=0.29). Pre‐ and postoperative lens status, sex and the postoperative use of NSAIDs did not seem to affect the outcome. The postoperative BCVA correlated strongly with the preoperative one (ρ=0,789, p<0.001) but not with the preoperative CRT. There was no statistically significant difference in the postoperative BCVA between patients with intact or disrupted ellipsoid zone, external limiting membrane (ELM) or fovea contour. The preoperative existence of intraretinal cysts also did not seem to influence the BCVA after surgery.Conclusion Preoperative BCVA seems to be the main prognostic factor for the outcome of epiretinal membrane surgery.
Severe inferior retinal folding after retinectomy: an uncommon form of posterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: BARCATALI MG , DENION E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Relaxing retinectomy is a surgical procedure commonly used in the presence of a retinal shortening in retinal detachments with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR. Severe inferior retinal folding (SIRF) is an uncommon form of posterior PVR observed after retinectomy. This rare complication has been described in a single publication so far.Methods A 49‐year‐old woman presented with a 180° giant retinal tear with diffuse posterior PVR.Results She was treated with pars plana vitrectomy, retinectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, endolaser and silicone oil tamponnade. A week after the retina was completely attached. Visual acuity was counting fingers. Twenty seven days after the intervention, a recurrent PVR detachment involving the lower hemi‐retina was observed. The lower retinal edge had retracted upwards away from the retinopexy scar (SIRF). Six months after the patient underwent silicone oil removal, epi‐retinal membrane peeling, repeat inferior retinectomy, endolaser and C2F6 tamponnade. The spared retina remained attached. Visual acuity was “hand motion”.Conclusion SIRF consists in an inferior widespread epi‐retinal membrane whose massive retraction capacity overcomes retinopexy adhesion. The inferior retina ends up retracted upwards like a Venetian blind, away from the retinopexy scars. SIRF is rare. It has been described only in 5 of 254 patients after relaxing retinectomy over a 9‐year period in Gupta et al. study.
Glucose levels in the vitreous in patients with retinal detachment
Authors: ARNDT C , HUBAULT B , DUCASSE A , RAMONT L 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose In retinal detachment surgery when primary vitrectomy is performed , macular atrophy limits visual recovery. The physiopathological mechanism of this macular impairment remains unknown. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether the vitreous composition could be a prognostic factor for visual outcome and macular atrophy.Methods In a prospective study on 51 non diabetic patients undergoing primary vitrectomy for rhegmateous retinal detachment, a biochemical analysis of Na,K, Cl, glucose was performed . Post‐operative visual acuity and macular thickness assessed with OCT was correlated with the biochemical analysis.Results In the group with low glucose levels, macular thickness was higher than in the patients with higher glucose levels (p=0.0002 Mann‐Whitney). No difference in terms of post‐operative visual acuity was found between the 2 groups with high and low glucose levels in the vitreous. Na, K, Cl appeared to have no incidence on macular thickness or post operative visual acuity.Conclusion Increased glucose levels appear to be assocated with macular atrophy. They may be reflect retinal glycation even in non diabetic patients.
Optic nerve oximetry mapping using a novel metabolic hyperspectral retinal camera
Authors: DESJARDINS M , SYLVESTRE JP , TRUSSART R , ARBOUR JD , LESAGE F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Oximetry measurement of the principal retinal vessels represents a first step towards understanding retinal metabolic state. Spectral imaging is expected to significantly enhance metabolic state evaluation via local fundus oximetry determination. In this preliminary study, we focus on the oximetry of the entire optic nerve head (ONH) microvasculature from datasets obtained with a novel metabolic hyperspectral retinal camera (MHRC).Methods Five healthy volunteers had retinal images captured between 490‐650 nm in steps of 5 nm using a prototype MHRC (Optina Diagnostics, Montreal, Canada) based on a tunable laser source that permits the selection of a specific wavelength (2 nm bandwidth) from a supercontinuum source. Each subject's data was fit to a model where oxy‐ and deoxyhemoglobin are the main absorbers and scattering is modeled by a log(1/wavelength) term. The fitted parameters were used to extract an estimation of oxygen saturation and total hemoglobin content.Results The local oximetry and hemoglobin content maps over the entire ONH microvasculature were extracted for all subjects from the spectral‐rich information. Physiologically plausible oxygen saturation values were obtained for all subjects over this region (mean 58 +/‐ 6 %).Conclusion The oximetry and hemoglobin content maps of the ONH microvasculature obtained with the MHRC could ultimately contribute to the diagnostic and optimal management of diseases affecting the ONH such as glaucoma.
Embryology of extraocular muscles : A new vision
Authors: TRECHOT F , MICARD E , CENDRE R , TONNELET R , ANGIOI K , BRAUN M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To describe the embryology of extraocular muscles, through a 3D viewing algorithm, from Carnegie stage XVII to Carnegie stage XXIII (41st‐57th day of development).Methods The work consisted of a scanning and a data processing reconstruction of embryonic histological material. Material came from anatomical universities collections. 12 embryos were selected, and 7 were dedicated to muscle study (from 14.5mm to 54.5mm). This data processing has allowed a study in three spatial planes.Results From Carnegie stage XVII, all extraocular muscles are in place, including levator palpebrae. The study in 3 planes makes their individualization easier. Gilbert (Carnegie Institution) described the origin of inferior rectus and inferior oblique by a common primordium, however from the stage XVII the two muscles are clearly separated. The decussation of the superior oblique is seen from the stage XIX, the trochlea appears at stage XXII. Our work also demonstrates the nerves : optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens. The junctions between nerve and muscle are put in evidence, especially for the lower branch of the oculomotor nerve.Conclusion This new study tool has resulted in explicit images of the development of extraocular muscles in the embryonic period. It helped to provide details with respect to the work already established by the Carnegie Institution.