bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle activation of the quadriceps and hamstrings during incremental running
Authors: Camic Clayton L. , Kovacs Attila J. , Enquist Evan A. , McLain Trisha A. , Hill Ethan C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the patterns of responses for the electromyographic (EMG) amplitude vs. oxygen uptake (
O2) relationships from muscles of the quadriceps femoris and hamstrings during incremental treadmill running. Methods: Twelve men volunteered to perform an incremental test to exhaustion while EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles. Polynomial regression analyses were used to determine the best model fit for the EMG amplitude vs.
O2 relationships. Results: There were significant (P < 0.05) increases in EMG amplitude across
O2 for the vastus lateralis (quadratic, R = 0.995), vastus medialis (quadratic, R = 0.997), biceps femoris (cubic, R = 0.999), and semitendinosus (linear, R = 0.992) muscles as well as the hamstrings‐to‐quadriceps ratio (cubic, R = 0.999). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the patterns of responses for muscle activation vs. exercise intensity appear to be unique among muscles of the thigh. Muscle Nerve 52: 1023–1029, 2015
ProgressiveType‐II censoring and coherent systems
Authors: Cramer Erhard , Navarro Jorge 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA new connection between the distribution of component failure times of a coherent system and (adaptive) progressively Type‐II censored order statistics is established. Utilizing this property, we develop inferential procedures when the data is given by all component failures until system failure in two scenarios: In the case of complete information, we assume that the failed component is also observed whereas in the case of incomplete information, we have only information about the failure times but not about the components which have failed. In the first setting, we show that inferential methods for adaptive progressively Type‐II censored data can directly be applied to the problem. For incomplete information, we face the problem that the corresponding censoring plan is not observed and that the available inferential procedures depend on the knowledge of the used censoring plan. To get estimates for distributional parameters, we propose maximum likelihood estimators which can be obtained by solving the likelihood equations directly or via an Expectation‐Maximization‐algorithm type procedure. For an exponential distribution, we discuss also a linear estimator to estimate the mean. Moreover, we establish exact distributions for some estimators in the exponential case which can be used, for example, to construct exact confidence intervals. The results are illustrated by a five component bridge system. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 512–530, 2015
Online energy management for a solar car using pseudospectral methods for optimal control
Authors: Guerrero Merino Enrique , Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThis paper deals with the problem of energy planning for a solar car race. Therein, an electric vehicle powered only by means of a battery pack and the sun's energy must cross usually long distances in several days, facing disturbances along the road such as road slopes, winds, cloudy weather, and vehicle failures. Because the battery pack energy is insufficient to end the race, teams must be very careful with their energy consumption planning, so as to drive as fast as possible to reach the goal in minimum time without emptying the battery pack. The proposed methodology consists of a real‐time implementation that measures the current state of the vehicle and then executes a quick energy planning for the long term based on the available battery energy and current solar radiation forecast, afterwards executing a continuous optimal control problem stage for the short term solved by means of pseudospectral methods. This last inclusion allows for fast calculation of trajectory updates while keeping modeling detail. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential drug–drug interaction between proton pump inhibitors and warfarin
Authors: Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard , Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Hansen Morten Rix , Rasmussen Lotte , Damkier Per , Pottegård Anton 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been suggested to increase the effect of warfarin, and clinical guidelines recommend careful monitoring of international normalized ratio (INR) when initiating PPI among warfarin users. However, this drug–drug interaction is sparsely investigated in a clinical setting. The aim was to assess whether initiation of PPI treatment among users of warfarin leads to increased INR values.MethodsThe study was an observational self‐controlled study from 1998 to 2012 leveraging data on INR measurements on patients treated with warfarin from primary care and outpatient clinics and their use of prescription drugs. Data were analyzed in 2015.We assessed INR, warfarin dose, and dose/INR ratio before and after initiating PPI treatment using the paired student's t‐test.ResultsWe identified 305 warfarin users initiating treatment with PPIs. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range 63–78 years), and 64% were men. The mean INR in the 70 days prior to PPI initiation was 2.6 (95%CI 2.5–2.8) and 2.6 (95%CI 2.5–2.7) in the period 1–3 weeks after PPI initiation (p = 0.67). Further, neither mean warfarin dose nor the dose/INR ratios were significantly different before and after PPI initiation. Sensitivity analyses revealed no differences among individual PPIs.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of a clinically meaningful drug–drug interaction between PPIs and warfarin in a Northern European patient population of unselected patients from an everyday outpatient and primary care clinical setting. Thus, we do not support the recommendation to “cautiously monitor” users of warfarin initiating PPI treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrin‐based star‐like block copolymer unimolecular micelles for facile in situ preparation of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Yao Na , Lin Wenjing , Zhang Xiaofang , Gu Huawei , Zhang Lijuan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTMultifunctional polymer unimolecular micelles, which are used as templates to fabricate stable gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in one‐step without external reductant, have been designed and prepared. Amphiphilic 21‐arm star‐like block copolymers β‐cyclodextrin‐{poly(lactide)‐poly(2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)‐poly[oligo(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)methacrylate]}21 [β‐CD‐(PLA‐PDMAEMA‐PEtOxMA)21] and the precursors are synthesized by the combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). The tertiary amine groups of PDMAEMA block reduce the
counterion to zerovalent gold in situ, and these gold atoms combine mutually to form final GNPs. GNPs with relatively small size and narrow size distribution can be obtained in longer DMAEMA block copolymer, larger molar ratio of DMAEMA to HAuCl4 and smaller absolute concentrations of both polymer and HAuCl4. These results showed that the unimolecular micelles can be used as templates for preparing and stabilizing GNPs in situ without any external reducing agents and organic solvents, suggesting that the nanocomposite systems are latent nanocarriers for further biomedical application. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 186–196
Petrographic Characterization and Langmuir Volume of Shales from Raniganj Coal Basin, India
Authors: Varma Atul Kumar , Khatun Mousoma , Mendhe Vinod Atmaram , Hazra Bodhisatwa , Singh Bhagwan D. , Dayal Anurodh M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Shale gas is becoming a very important energy resource throughout the world. 10 borehole samples of varying depths from 755-1480m belonging to Barren Measures (upper Permian), Raniganj (upper Permian) and Panchet (lower Triassic) formations of Raniganj coal basin have been selected. Various analyses have been carried out viz. technological, elemental composition, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), rock eval pyrolysis, organic petrography and sorption analyses. Different types of organo-petrographic entities viz. sandy clay, clayey sand, organosandy-clay, humic clay and organic clay were identified. Shaly-microlithotypes were also differentiated. The macerals (organic matter in shales) exhibit normal maturity course. Sorption studies were used for estimating Langmuir volume of shale samples which depicts good correlation with total organic carbon (TOC), organic clay and organo-silty-clay separately. Langmuir volume was also observed to indicate good correlation with shaly-microlithotype which point towards positive role of organic matter and clay association in gas adsorption. Vt60 (volume of vitrinite grains with reflectance greater than 0.60%) indicates that Barren Measures and Raniganj Formation has good hydrocarbon generation potential.
Auswirkungen eines technischen Paradigmenwechsels auf die wasserwirtschaftliche Organisation in strukturschwachen ländlichen Räumen
Authors: Dipl. Geographin Grit Rost , Maier M.Sc. Maier M.Sc. , Böhm M.Sc. Martin , Londong Jörg 
Published: September 2015

Structurally weak rural areas in Germany partially are confronted with enormous challenges. It is becoming increasingly difficult to provide these regions with an adequate infrastructure to secure equivalent living conditions. Alternative concepts such as New Sanitation Systems (NASS) can offer an essential contribution. The main idea of NASS is the driving of resources within urban water circular paths. Therefore a separated collection of waste water flows through a technical re-design of infrastructure systems becomes necessary. Winning and utilizing resources offers a new perspective of value adding for urban water management.
The paper addresses the organizational problems regarding the background and deficits of conventional sewage systems. Especially in the context of important changes, such as demographic development and climate change, new framework requirements for planning need to be taken into account. Therefore it is investigated which constraints and challenges influence the implementation of new technical and organizational solutions for sanitation systems.
Experimental test of host specificity in a behaviour-modifying trematode
Authors: HERNANDEZ R. N. , FREDENSBORG B. L. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYHost behavioural modification by parasites is a common and well-documented phenomenon. However, knowledge on the complexity and specificity of the underlying mechanisms is limited, and host specificity among manipulating parasites has rarely been experimentally verified. We tested the hypothesis that the ability to infect and manipulate host behaviour is restricted to phylogenetically closely related hosts. Our model system consisted of the brain-encysting trematodeEuhaplorchissp. A and six potential fish intermediate hosts from the Order Cyprinodontiformes. Five co-occurring cyprinids were examined for naturally acquired brain infections. Then we selected three species representing three levels of taxonomic relatedness to a known host to experimentally evaluate their susceptibility to infection, and the effect of infection status on behaviours presumably linked to increased trophic transmission. We found natural brain infections ofEuhaplorchissp. A metacercariae in three cyprinids in the shallow sublittoral zone. Of the three experimentally exposed species,Fundulus grandisandPoecilia latipinnaacquired infections and displayed an elevated number of conspicuous behaviours in comparison with uninfected controls.Euhaplorchissp. A was able to infect and manipulate fish belonging to two different families, suggesting that ecological similarity rather than genetic relatedness determines host range in this species.
THESAURUS LITANIARUM: THE SYMBOLISM AND PRACTICE OF MUSICAL LITANIES IN COUNTER-REFORMATION GERMANY
Authors: Fisher Alexander J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA venerable form of petitionary prayer, the litany emerged as a key aural expression of Counter-Reformation Catholicism around the turn of the seventeenth century, particularly in the confessionally contested borderlands of the Holy Roman Empire. Its explicit projection of the dogma of sanctoral intercession, rejected soundly by Protestant theologians, helped to make the litany a flashpoint for religious controversy. Especially in the duchy of Bavaria, the northern bastion of the Counter-Reformation, the litany flourished in a wide variety of monophonic and polyphonic forms that reflected its fluid position on a spectrum between oral and written traditions. This essay explores the usage and significance of the litany in Counter-Reformation Germany, focusing especially upon the Thesaurus litaniarum (Treasury of Litanies, 1596) by Georg Victorinus, music director of the Munich Jesuits. Intimately connected with currents of Catholic reform in German-speaking lands, this great anthology illustrates the varied and creative ways in which composers responded to the litany’s distinctive ebb and flow of titles and petitions to holy intercessors.
Exercise and β-blocker therapy recommendations for inherited arrhythmogenic conditions
Authors: Christian Susan , Somerville Martin , Taylor Sherry , Atallah Joseph 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundManagement of individuals with long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy may involve exercise restriction and/or β-blocker therapy.ObjectiveThis study assessed the practices of a group of paediatric electrophysiologists regarding the management of genotype-positive/phenotype-positive and genotype-positive/phenotype-negative individuals with these conditions.MethodAn online survey was circulated to members of the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society in May, 2014. The survey included questions addressing the respondents’ approach regarding exercise recommendations and prescription of β-blocker therapy.ResultsA total of 45 cardiologists completed the survey. The majority of respondents restricted symptomatic patients from competitive sports; however, only approximately half restricted phenotype-negative mutation carriers from this level of activity. Recommendations were less consistent regarding other types of activities. A trend was identified regarding physician physical activity and exercise recommendations for phenotype-negative mutation carriers. Less-active physicians were more likely to restrict exercise. β-blocker therapy was discussed by the majority of respondents for symptomatic patients and a significant number of asymptomatic patients.ConclusionExercise restriction for patients with long QT syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy varies based on several factors including phenotype, type of exercise, guidelines referred to, and physicians’ own level of activity.
In silico prediction and screening of modular crystal structures via a high-throughput genomic approach
Authors: Li Yi , Li Xu , Liu Jiancong , Duan Fangzheng , Yu Jihong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHigh-throughput computational methods capable of predicting, evaluating and identifying promising synthetic candidates with desired properties are highly appealing to today’s scientists. Despite some successes, in silico design of crystalline materials with complex three-dimensionally extended structures remains challenging. Here we demonstrate the application of a new genomic approach to ABC-6 zeolites, a family of industrially important catalysts whose structures are built from the stacking of modular six-ring layers. The sequences of layer stacking, which we deem the genes of this family, determine the structures and the properties of ABC-6 zeolites. By enumerating these gene-like stacking sequences, we have identified 1,127 most realizable new ABC-6 structures out of 78 groups of 84,292 theoretical ones, and experimentally realized 2 of them. Our genomic approach can extract crucial structural information directly from these gene-like stacking sequences, enabling high-throughput identification of synthetic targets with desired properties among a large number of candidate structures.
G-Force PD: a global initiative in coordinating stem cell-based dopamine treatments for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Barker Roger A , Studer Lorenz , Cattaneo Elena , Takahashi Jun ,   G-Force PD consortium
Published: September 2015

AbstractTranslating new cell-based therapies to the clinic for patients with neurodegenerative disorders is complex. It involves pre-clinical testing of the cellular product and discussions with several regulatory agencies, as well as ethical debates. In an attempt to support efforts around the world, we set up a global consortium that brings together the major funded teams working on developing a stem cell-derived neural transplantation therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD). This consortium, G-Force PD, involves teams from Europe, USA, and Japan, and has already met on two occasions to discuss common problems, solutions, and the roadmap to the clinic. In this short review, we lay out the brief history and rationale for this initiative and discuss some of the issues that arose in our most recent meeting (May 2015) as we consider undertaking first-in-human clinical trials with stem cell-derived neurons for PD.
QIAD assay for quantitating a compound’s efficacy in elimination of toxic Aβ oligomers
Authors: Brener Oleksandr , Dunkelmann Tina , Gremer Lothar , van Groen Thomas , Mirecka Ewa A. , Kadish Inga , Willuweit Antje , Kutzsche Janine , Jürgens Dagmar , Rudolph Stephan , Tusche Markus , Bongen Patrick , Pietruszka Jörg , Oesterhelt Filipp , Langen Karl-Josef , Demuth Hans-Ulrich , Janssen Arnold , Hoyer Wolfgang , Funke Susanne A. , Nagel-Steger Luitgard , Willbold Dieter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractStrong evidence exists for a central role of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) oligomers in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. We have developed a fast, reliable and robust in vitro assay, termed QIAD, to quantify the effect of any compound on the Aβ aggregate size distribution. Applying QIAD, we studied the effect of homotaurine, scyllo-inositol, EGCG, the benzofuran derivative KMS88009, ZAβ3W, the D-enantiomeric peptide D3 and its tandem version D3D3 on Aβ aggregation. The predictive power of the assay for in vivo efficacy is demonstrated by comparing the oligomer elimination efficiency of D3 and D3D3 with their treatment effects in animal models of Alzheimer´s disease.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance in Cu-Intercalated BiTeI by Compensation Weakening Induced Mobility Improvement
Authors: Wu Lihua , Yang Jiong , Chi Miaofang , Wang Shanyu , Wei Ping , Zhang Wenqing , Chen Lidong , Yang Jihui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe low weighted carrier mobility has long been considered to be the key challenge for improvement of thermoelectric (TE) performance in BiTeI. The Rashba-effect-induced two-dimensional density of states in this bulk semiconductor is beneficial for thermopower enhancement, which makes it a prospective compound for TE applications. In this report, we show that intercalation of minor Cu-dopants can substantially alter the equilibria of defect reactions, selectively mediate the donor-acceptor compensation and tune the defect concentration in the carrier conductive network. Consequently, the potential fluctuations responsible for electron scattering are reduced and the carrier mobility in BiTeI can be enhanced by a factor of two to three between 10 K and 300 K. The carrier concentration can also be optimized by tuning the Te/I composition ratio, leading to higher thermopower in this Rashba system. Cu-intercalation in BiTeI gives rise to higher power factor, slightly lower lattice thermal conductivity and consequently improved figure of merit. Compared with pristine BiTe0.98I1.02, the TE performance in Cu0.05BiTeI reveals a 150% and 20% enhancement at 300 and 520 K, respectively. These results demonstrate that defect equilibria mediated by selective doping in complex TE and energy materials could be an effective approach to carrier mobility and performance optimization.
What’s Wrong with the Murals at the Mogao Grottoes: A Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Method
Authors: Sun Meijun , Zhang Dong , Wang Zheng , Ren Jinchang , Chai Bolong , Sun Jizhou 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough a significant amount of work has been performed to preserve the ancient murals in the Mogao Grottoes by Dunhuang Cultural Research, non-contact methods need to be developed to effectively evaluate the degree of flaking of the murals. In this study, we propose to evaluate the flaking by automatically analyzing hyperspectral images that were scanned at the site. Murals with various degrees of flaking were scanned in the 126th cave using a near-infrared (NIR) hyperspectral camera with a spectral range of approximately 900 to 1700 nm. The regions of interest (ROIs) of the murals were manually labeled and grouped into four levels: normal, slight, moderate and severe. The average spectral data from each ROI and its group label were used to train our classification model. To predict the degree of flaking, we adopted four algorithms: deep belief networks (DBNs), partial least squares regression (PLSR), principal component analysis with a support vector machine (PCA + SVM) and principal component analysis with an artificial neural network (PCA + ANN). The experimental results show the effectiveness of our method. In particular, better results are obtained using DBNs when the training data contain a significant amount of striping noise.
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil microbial biomass and community structure in two reforested tropical forests
Authors: Liu Lei , Gundersen Per , Zhang Wei , Zhang Tao , Chen Hao , Mo Jiangming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractElevated nitrogen (N) deposition may aggravate phosphorus (P) deficiency in forests in the warm humid regions of China. To our knowledge, the interactive effects of long-term N deposition and P availability on soil microorganisms in tropical replanted forests remain unclear. We conducted an N and P manipulation experiment with four treatments: control, N addition (15 g N m−2·yr−1), P addition (15 g P m−2·yr−1) and N and P addition (15 + 15 g N and P m−2·yr−1, respectively) in disturbed (planted pine forest with recent harvests of understory vegetation and litter) and rehabilitated (planted with pine, but mixed with broadleaf returning by natural succession) forests in southern China. Nitrogen addition did not significantly affect soil microbial biomass, but significantly decreased the abundance of gram-negative bacteria PLFAs in both forest types. Microbial biomass increased significantly after P addition in the disturbed forest but not in the rehabilitated forest. No interactions between N and P additions on soil microorganisms were observed in either forest type. Our results suggest that microbial growth in replanted forests of southern China may be limited by P rather than by N and this P limitation may be greater in disturbed forests.