bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic coordination of signaling pathways during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Cieślik Marcin , Hoang Stephen A , Baranova Natalya , Chodaparambil Sanjay , Kumar Manish , Allison David F , Xu Xiaojiang , Wamsley J Jacob , Gray Lisa , Jones David R , Mayo Marty W , Bekiranov Stefan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation process required for wound healing and development. In tumors of epithelial origin aberrant induction of EMT contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. Studies have begun to implicate epigenetic reprogramming in EMT; however, the relationship between reprogramming and the coordination of cellular processes is largely unexplored. We have previously developed a system to study EMT in a canonical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) model. In this system we have shown that the induction of EMT results in constitutive NF-κB activity. We hypothesized a role for chromatin remodeling in the sustained deregulation of cellular signaling pathways.

Results
We mapped sixteen histone modifications and two variants for epithelial and mesenchymal states. Combinatorial patterns of epigenetic changes were quantified at gene and enhancer loci. We found a distinct chromatin signature among genes in well-established EMT pathways. Strikingly, these genes are only a small minority of those that are differentially expressed. At putative enhancers of genes with the ‘EMT-signature’ we observed highly coordinated epigenetic activation or repression. Furthermore, enhancers that are activated are bound by a set of transcription factors that is distinct from those that bind repressed enhancers. Upregulated genes with the ‘EMT-signature’ are upstream regulators of NF-κB, but are also bound by NF-κB at their promoters and enhancers. These results suggest a chromatin-mediated positive feedback as a likely mechanism for sustained NF-κB activation.

Conclusions
There is highly specific epigenetic regulation at genes and enhancers across several pathways critical to EMT. The sites of these changes in chromatin state implicate several inducible transcription factors with critical roles in EMT (NF-κB, AP-1 and MYC) as targets of this reprogramming. Furthermore, we find evidence that suggests that these transcription factors are in chromatin-mediated transcriptional feedback loops that regulate critical EMT genes. In sum, we establish an important link between chromatin remodeling and shifts in cellular reprogramming.
Similar cellular migration patterns from niches in intervertebral disc and in knee-joint regions detected by in situ labeling: an experimental study in the New Zealand white rabbit
Authors: Henriksson Helena Barreto , Lindahl Anders , Skioldebrand Eva , Junevik Katarina , Tängemo Carolina , Mattsson Johan , Brisby Helena 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Potential stem cell niches (SNs) were recently reported in intervertebral discs (IVDs) and knee joints (KJs) in different mammals (located adjacent to the epiphyseal plate; EP). The aim here was to examine further possible cellular migration and migration directions of cells originating from niches possibly involved in regeneration of cartilaginous tissues in the IVD and in the KJ regions in adult mammals.

Methods
In total, 33 rabbits were used in studies A through C.

IVD cells were sorted; fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) by size (forward scatter; ≤10 μm or >10 μm or GDF5+ cells (anti-GDF5 antibody). Sorted cells, labeled with cell tracer (carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl ester; CDFA-SE) were applied on IVD explants in vitro. Migrating cells/distance was evaluated by fluorescence- and confocal-microscopy (FC).

DNA labeling was performed with BrdU (oral administration). Animals were killed (14 to 56 days), KJs collected, and BrdU+ cells visualized with immunohistochemistry (IHC)/anti-BrdU antibody in SN and articular cartilage (AC).

Cell tracer: (Fe-nanoparticles: Endorem) were injected into SNs of IVDs (LI-LV) and KJs (tibia). Animals were killed after 2 to 6 weeks. Fe-labeled cells were traced by ferric-iron staining (Prussian blue reaction; Mallory method).

Results
A. GDF5+ cells and ≤10-μm cells displayed the best migration capability in IVD explants. GDF5+ cells were detected at a tissue depth of 1,300 μm (16 days). B. BrdU+ cells were observed in early time points in niches of KJs, and at later time points in AC, indicating a gradual migration of cells. C. Fe+ cells were detected in IVDs; in annulus fibrosus (AF) in 11 of 12 animals and in nucleus pulposus (NP) in two of 12 animals. In AC (tibia), Fe+ cells were detected in six of 12 animals. In the potential migration route (PMR), from niches toward the IVD, Fe+ cells (three of 12 animals) and in PMR toward AC (KJs) (six of 12 animals) were detected.

Conclusions
Results indicate similar cellular migration patterns in cartilage regions (IVD and KJs) with migration from stem cell niche areas into the mature cartilaginous tissues of both the KJs and the IVD. These findings of a cellular migration pattern in mature cartilage are of interest from tissue-repair and engineering perspectives.
Achieving transparency in forensic risk assessment: a multimodal approach
Authors: Horstead Amy , Cree Adrian 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe Department of Health's best practice guidelines on risk management and violence prevention in UK mental health services highlight the importance of transparency and collaboration with service users. The recovery philosophy echoes the importance of service user inclusion and empowerment in treatment. Our experience in a medium and low secure hospital was that patients were largely excluded from the risk assessment process. In this article, we describe a model for achieving inclusion and transparency in the use of risk assessment tools based on structured professional judgement.
The interface between neurology and psychiatry: the case of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Wong Eugene K. O. , Krishnadas Rajeev , Cavanagh Jonathan 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThere has been a surge in interest in the boundaries of psychiatry, both as a specialty in its own right and as a branch of medicine separate from neurology. Our article expands on this, giving examples of how recent developments in neuroimmunology can be beneficial for psychiatry, using multiple sclerosis (MS) as an example. We also provide a summary of literature on novel research in the treatment of depression using anti-inflammatory agents. Finally, we suggest approaches to the identification and management of major depressive disorder in patients with MS or other physical illnesses, and how this translates to general psychiatric practice.
Trauma, bereavement and the creative process: Arshile Gorky's The Artist and His Mother
Authors: Pitman Alexandra 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe artist Arshile Gorky played a central role in the development of Abstract Expressionism during the 1940s. Born in Armenia, his early figurative works recall a childhood of persecution by Ottoman Turks, a period during which he suffered a number of significant losses. The painting The Artist and His Mother (c. 1926–1936) is based on a photograph showing the 7-year-old Gorky with his mother, 7 years before she starved to death during the Armenian Genocide. This article explores the early experiences that haunt this painting and the difficulties Gorky struggled with during his adult life as an immigrant to the USA – factors that contribute to an understanding of his suicide in 1948.
Critical reflection: a sound foundation for learning and practice in psychiatry
Authors: Bekas Stavros 
Published: September 2013

SummaryA genuinely critical and reflective approach to psychiatry can potentiate learning, improve practice and promote personal development. To support this assertion, I attempt to link theory and practice. Following a brief overview of the seminal ideas that permeate the literature on critical thinking, I present three perspectives of reflective practice – those of the psychiatric trainee, the teacher and the practitioner – through examples of reflective exploration of personal experience, under the light of relevant evidence. I conclude with a critique on the limitations of reflective psychiatry.
Social ecology interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: what can we learn from child soldiers?
Authors: Kohrt Brandon 
Published: September 2013

SummaryResearch with child soldiers is crucial to improving mental health services after war. This research also can illuminate innovative approaches to treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adult soldiers, veterans and other trauma survivors in high-income countries. A key contribution is the role of social ecology for trauma-healing interventions.
Assessing the severity of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Moran Paul , Crawford Mike J. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryThe identification of a reliable and valid severity index for borderline personality disorder has vexed researchers for decades. A simple, clinically intuitive severity index for borderline personality disorder with predictive validity has now been identified. This index could usefully guide treatment planning, but other contextual factors should also determine the need for specialist treatment.
Audit of combination and high-dose antipsychotic treatment in the community
Authors: Rajan Lovely , Clarke Ian 
Published: September 2013

Aims and methodTo estimate the community prevalence of combination antipsychotic therapy and high-dose antipsychotic treatment via audit. Patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia were identified through the NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde Health Board patient information management system and their mental health records examined.ResultsIn audit 1, 135 records were examined. The age range of patients was 24–74 years; 73% were male. Twelve per cent were on combined antipsychotic treatment and 3.7% required high-dose antipsychotics. Sixty-nine per cent of patients had documented in their record the reason for combined antipsychotic treatment compared with 40% on high-dose antipsychotics. In audit 2 (1 year later), 150 records were examined. Demographic details and prescription patterns remained similar to that of audit 1. However, 10% of patients received combined antipsychotic therapy and 2% remained on high-dose antipsychotics. Documented reasons for combination therapy increased to 87%, and to 67% for patients on high-dose antipsychotics.Clinical implicationsWe need robust clinical trials, overcoming the problems of clinical effectiveness and clinical efficiency, to establish the merits of preferred antipsychotic combinations, as combination and high-dose antipsychotic treatments are unlikely to be eliminated in clinical practice in the foreseeable future.
Venous thromboembolism incidence in mental health services for older people: survey of in-patient units
Authors: van Zyl Martin , Wieczorek Gillian , Reilly Joe 
Published: September 2013

Aims and methodTo establish the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in mental health services for older people (MHSOP) in-patient units, and investigate current practice in terms of assessment of risk of VTE and treatment given. We conducted an incidence survey of VTE on in-patient units in MHSOP in a National Health Service trust, searching data of in-patients discharged over a 2-year period.ResultsOverall, 1495 individual patient records were searched. There were 17 confirmed VTEs, which is comparable with VTE incidence rates in general hospitals. There were no risk assessments done on admission and no thromboprophylaxis given. Use of compression stockings and mobilisation was limited.Clinical implicationsThe study confirmed a significant VTE incidence and the need for increased awareness among MHSOP staff. This can be met by improved training of VTE awareness and management for clinical staff and the use of a VTE assessment tool on MHSOP in-patient units.
Scientific publishing – an unfair playing field
Authors: Pimm Jonathan 
Published: September 2013

SummaryStandards and the pursuit of excellence are vital in healthcare and scientific investigation. Researchers must seek the most efficient, rigorous and robust methods available. Scientific journals acting as information distributors should only publish quality studies; such an ideal has become increasingly difficult to attain. To compete in the imperfect market of scientific publishing, The Psychiatrist will be open access from January 2014 and articles will be freely available ahead of print. There will be no publication costs to authors for at least the first 12 months and the journal will be re-launched under its old familiar name – the Psychiatric Bulletin.
Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in retail chicken: comparing conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics
Authors: Millman Jack M , Waits Kara , Grande Heidi , Marks Ann R , Marks Jane C , Price Lance B , Hungate Bruce A 
Published: September 2013

Retail poultry products are known sources of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli, a major human health concern. Consumers have a range of choices for poultry, including conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics (RWA) – designations that are perceived to indicate differences in quality and safety. However, whether these categories vary in the frequency of contamination with antibiotic-resistant E. coli is unknown. We examined the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli on raw chicken marketed as conventional, organic, kosher and RWA. From April – June 2012, we purchased 213 samples of raw chicken from 15 locations in the New York City metropolitan area. We screened E. coli isolates from each sample for resistance to 12 common antibiotics. Although the organic and RWA labels restrict the use of antibiotics, the frequency of antibiotic-resistant E. coli tended to be only slightly lower for RWA, and organic chicken was statistically indistinguishable from conventional products that have no restrictions. Kosher chicken had the highest frequency of antibiotic-resistant E. coli, nearly twice that of conventional products, a result that belies the historical roots of kosher as a means to ensure food safety. These results indicate that production methods influence the frequency of antibiotic-resistant E. coli on poultry products available to consumers. Future research to identify the specific practices that cause the high frequency of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in kosher chicken could promote efforts to reduce consumer exposure to this potential pathogen.
Odnawialne zródła energii w Polsce
Authors: Ignarska Magdalena 
Published: September 2013

Renewable energy in Poland
Nowadays the renewables is a dynamically developing branch of industry, also in Poland. Electrical energy production based on mineral resources will give way to energy from renewable sources, whose main feature is their inexhaustibility. The article concentrates on the use of green energy, pointing out advantages, barriers and consequences of using alternative sources of energy. The Polish government has worked out a strategy of development of renewable energy which postulates raising renewable energy target from primary sources to 15% by 2020 in the total consumption of electrical energy in Poland.
Polska w Unii Europejskiej – proces akcesyjny i priorytety polskiej polityki w ramach UE
Authors: Chruściel Marcin , Kloc Karol 
Published: September 2013

Poland in the European Union – the accession process and the priorities of Polish foreign policy in the EU
This paper presents the reasons for Poland’s accession to the EU – perceiving it as a modernization project and as a guarantee of Polish international safety. In the second part of the paper the authors analyze negotiations between Poland and the EU from a political and economic perspective. A number of information about the accession process is provided, as well as an explanation of the negotiation mechanism. The last part of the paper is an analysis of Polish Presidency of the European Union Council and a consideration of future priorities of Poland’s policy in the EU.
Stępione zmysły wielkiego niemowy
Authors: Biel Wojciech 
Published: September 2013

The great mute’s blunted senses. The Polish Army in 1989-2012: selected issues
The article examines major issues of contemporary Polish Army. After the collapse of Communist regime, Poland overcame the legacy of its communist past and was ready to face new challenges, like joining NATO. Poland established civilian control of the military and the professional army. Poland’s participation in the military missions abroad coordinated by the USA led to the modernization of the Polish Army. But the shift in the U.S. foreign policies caused serious concern about Poland’s national security.
Equipment Fragility Due to Shock Response
Authors: Tuan Christopher Y. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Because of its simplicity, the shock response spectrum has become widely used as a means of describing the shock responses and fragilities of structures and equipment. This paper focuses on the drawbacks of using the shock response spectrum for defining equipment shock tolerance. A cantilever beam with a tip mass was used to model a hypothetical piece of equipment subjected to strong ground motion such as that caused by an explosion. The exact solution from a detailed modal analysis shows that multiple modes of response were excited. Contributions from higher modes can be more predominant than that from the fundamental mode. Assuming the total response of equipment is predominantly in the first mode can lead to significant error. Current shock spectrum procedures for equipment fragility assessment are inadequate, not only because of the physical limitations of shake table tests, but also because of the lack of a reliable analytical model.
Synthesis of Higher Grade Fly Ash Zeolite X From Fly Ash via Three-Step Fusion
Authors: Jha Bhagwanjee , Singh D. N. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Several researchers have established the fusion of fly ash–NaOH mixtures at 450°C to 900°C. The fly ash gets partially converted to zeolite X when the fused ash is further treated in a hydrothermal system. However, such a solid residue (the end product) exhibits a low cation-exchange capacity. A culprit of such a deficiency in zeolite is improper contact between the NaOH and the fly ash particles during their fusion. To enhance the degree of fusion, in the present study we attempted to demonstrate a three-step fusion technique that does not favor any further treatment in a hydrothermal system. Observed changes in the characteristics (cation exchange capacity, pore volume, pore area, mineralogy, and thermal stability) of the end product of three-step fusion corresponding to an NaOH/fly ash ratio equal to 1.0 proves the suitability of this fusion technique for the synthesis of a better grade of zeolite X (viz., Na-X and Na-Y).
La tour maîtresse du château de Beaugency, dite « Tour de César »
Authors: Corvisier André 
Published: September 2013

Der Bergfried der Burg von Beaugency, der so genannte „ Tour de César “ (Càsarturm), von Christian Corvisier.
Der „Cäsarturm“ von Beaugency, der mit Recht als einer der repräsentativsten der großen französischen romanischen Bergfriede angesehen wird, das Werk eines im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert bedeutenden Geschlechts von Feudalherren, hat den größten Teil der Zeugnisse seines ursprünglichen Ausbaus bewahrt. Der erste, romanische Zustand dieses imposanten rechteckigen Bauwerks konnte kürzlich dendrochronologisch auf die Zeitspanne 1015-1030 datiert werden. In diesem ersten Zustand bestand der an der Basis von einer Motte umhüllte Turin ans zwei mit Kaminen beheizten Wohnetagen mit zahlreichen Fenstern, über einem unteren Saal, der mit einem (1837 eingestürzten) komplizierten Gewölbe überdeckt war. Eine Mauertreppe gibt es mir zur Verbindung des ursprünglichen Zugangs mit der ersten Etage. Die Bauzier der Zwillingsfenster des zweiten Stockes wurde gegen 1140 erneuert. In der zweiten Hälfte des 12. Jahrhunderts wurde der Turm um ein drittes Wohngeschoss erhöht, das von einem Zinnenkranz mit zwei polygonalen Eckerkern bekrönt wurde. Konig Philipp der Schöne kaufte gegen Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts diese Herrschaft und liefs 1303- 1305 ein großes Programm von Umbaumaßnahmen der Etagen durchführen, das die Verlegung der Tür, die Schaffung einer vierten Wohnetage an der Stelle des Bekronungsgeschosses mit den Wehrerkern, den Austausch aller Kamine und das Einbrechen von 16 Fenstern mit steinernem Kreuzstock umfasste, die zu den ältesten bekannten Fenstern dieses Typs in Frankieich gehören. Die Organisation der koniglichen Residenz in diesem Turin unterscheidet sich merklich von derjenigen der romanischen Zeit, namentlich hinsichtlich der Fenster und Kamine, so dass die vorherigen Dispositionen, insbesondere die Zinnen, wie Fossilien im Mauerwerk erhalten blieben. Im 15. Jahrhundert instandgesetzt, aber nicht verändert, hat der Turm zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts im Zusammenhang mit seiner Benutzung als Gefängnis letzte Veränderungen erfahren, bevor er in den Religionskriegen durch einen Brand zerstört wurde.
La maison romane de Beaugency
Authors: Garrigou Grandchamp Pierre 
Published: September 2013

Das Rathaus von Beaugency ist ein seltenes Beispiel öffentlicher Gebaude der Renaissance. Erbaut zwischen 1526 und 1533, sticht es hervor durch seine Fassade, deren dekorative Formensprache sich ableitet von den großen Bauten derr Zeit um 1515, wie den Schlössern von Bury oder Blois (Flügel Franz' L). Berücksichtigt man den lokalen Kontext, so ist es denkhar, eine Beteiligung des Baumeisters Pierre Biart anzunehmen, det zur selben Zeit auch am Schloß von Beaugency tätig war.
Im Laufe der 1840er Jahre nahm Léon Vaudoyer das Gebaude auf und lieferte sogar eine Ergänzung nach derselben Methode, die Félix Duban gerade bei der Restaurierung des Flügels Franz' I. in Blois anwandte. Fünfzig Jahre spater, zwischen 1892 und 1898, restaurierte der Architekt René Dusserre das Bauwerk nach den Planen von Léon Vaudoyer und gab ihm damit sein uns heure vertrautes Aussehen.
Médiatisation et théâtralisation des origines russes sous la Grande Catherine
Authors: Plagne Nicolas 
Published: September 2013

Медиатизация и театральное инсценирование происхождения России во время царствования Екатерины Великой : история на службе императорской идеологии?

В правление имератрицы Екатерины Великой (1762-1796 гг.) – как в России, так и в Европе – всë активнее обсуждается т.н. «варяжско-норманский вопрос», т.е. вопрос происхождения Российского государства и народа. Еще в правление императрицы Елизаветы Петровны (1742-1761 гг.) внутри Российской Академии наук, и прежде всего в 1749-1750 гг., данный вопрос стал предметом острой полемики между историками. Между тем долго опасались огласки, т.к. было принято считать, что самый спор, пожалуй, может вызывать нежелательные политические последствия для Монархии и национальной гордости. Политическая власть стремилась к тому, чтобы в ее основание легла величественная национальная история. В свзи с этим она пыталась иметь контроль над повествованием о своем происхождении, и также об этнических аспектах и возможных либеральных, парламентских или демократических толкованиях начал Российского государства.
В то время как западные историки (немецкие, французские и английские) излагали свои мнения по этому вопросу для «просвещенной Европы», Екатерина II, ши¬роко распространяя норманскую теорию на Западе, включила историю Древней Руси в программу обучения новой образованной элиты. В этой цели она опиралась на драматургию и образование, а так же на становление новой литературы для дворянства. Сама она сочиняла пьесы и покровительствовала художникам и печатникам, что впрочем ей не мешало порой их раскритиковать. Екатерина пыталась ориентировать коллективное сознание в определенном направлении и использовать его как мощное идеологическое подспорье в цели создания единой, подвластной ей, империи.