bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of the awareness, use and attitudes of women towards Down syndrome screening
Authors: Yanikkerem Emre , Ay Semra , Çiftçi Alev Y , Ustgorul Sema , Goker Asli 
Published: October 2012

Aims and objectivesTo determine awareness, use and attitudes of Turkish women towards prenatal screening tests (PST) for Down syndrome (DS).BackgroundThe technology of screening and diagnosing congenital diseases and abnormalities of foetuses has rapidly developed in the past few decades and prenatal screening for DS in early pregnancy is a valued component representing a cost‐effective public health intervention in modern developed countries.DesignCross‐sectional and descriptive study.MethodsThe study was carried out in 518 women in the early postpartum period at the Maternity and Children's Hospital between 1 September 2010 and 1 March 2011 using a questionnaire developed by the researchers.ResultsAwareness about the first‐ and second‐trimester PST [nuchal translucency (NT), triple test] was 21·6 and 59·7%, whereas use of them was 13·7 and 44·8%, respectively. Women who had lower education, were unemployed, had a patriarchal family type, had a low income status, were unmarried, had consanguineous marriage and did not have a private doctor were less aware and had less use of NT and/or triple test. Women who did not have a genetic disease in their family, were multiparous, had an unplanned pregnancy and did not receive antenatal care were less aware and had less use of the triple test. In case, the foetus was diagnosed as DS, women made the following decisions: continuing the pregnancy, terminating the pregnancy, leaving the decision to the doctor and being not sure 34·9, 12·0, 29·9 and 23·2%, respectively.ConclusionWomen's knowledge about and attitudes towards PST are important. This study shows that Turkish women have limited knowledge about and use of PST. Therefore, health professionals play a significant role in improving patients’ information about PST. They should dedicate more time to discussions with women, provide appropriate and understandable information tailored to women's socio‐economical level and should emphasise the indications, purposes and limitations of PST.Relevance to clinical practiceDiscovering women's opinions and knowledge about PST will help healthcare providers determine their information needs.
Achieving eatwell plate recommendations: is this a route to improving both sustainability and healthy eating?
Authors: Harland J. I. , Buttriss J. , Gibson S. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBy using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) rolling programme, the objective was to determine the extent to which consumers meet the nutrition guidelines implicit in the eatwell plate; to profile those eating healthily and gain insight on how they achieved the recommendations and whether in doing so, their eating pattern was also potentially more sustainable.Only 4% of adults simultaneously met five targets related to fat, saturated fatty acids (SFA), 5 A DAY fruit and vegetables, fibre (non‐starch polysaccharide; NSP) and protein intake and, with the exception of target protein intake, the majority of people (51%) achieved none of the guidelines. The addition of the oil‐rich fish recommendation reduces those meeting all six targets to 1%. Just 12% of the population (n = 94) met the three targets for fat, SFA and fruit and vegetable intake. These were designated achievers, who tended to be older by 5 years and to have a degree (P < 0.05), while non‐achievers were more likely to smoke (P < 0.05). Energy intakes were slightly lower in achievers (non‐significant), who had significantly lower fat and SFA intakes and higher intakes of protein. Intakes of NSP were significantly higher among achievers, who on average met the dietary reference value for NSP. The main NDNS food groups with a significantly higher intake in achievers were skimmed milks, chicken and turkey dishes, white fish (not fried) and shellfish and wholemeal breads, while non‐achievers consumed more coated chicken, meat pies and pastries, cheese, whole milks and white bread. It appears that the achievers have reduced the fat content of their diet by focussing on lower fat/higher fibre alternatives within the same category of foods rather than introducing more plant foods such as legumes, nuts and seeds.There is growing interest in the future sustainability of current dietary patterns in light of expected climate change and an expanding global population. Although only one facet of a very complex picture, plant foods are typically associated with fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than those of animal origin. On this limited basis, achievers were not necessarily eating more sustainably. It is suggested, by reference to literature values (primarily for potential GHG emissions of food production), that with some rebalancing and through the inclusion in current UK dietary patterns of more plant foods, particularly more plant proteins and starchy foods, the existing eatwell plate could not only provide the basis of a cost‐effective healthy diet, but also a potentially more sustainable one too. However, in order to meet these joint objectives, improved consumer understanding and practical advice on how to use the eatwell plate in this way is clearly required.
CHOOSING AMONG ALTERNATIVE LONG‐RUN EVENT‐STUDY TECHNIQUES
Authors: Dionysiou Dionysia 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper reviews the long‐run event‐study debate by outlining the strengths and weakness of the most commonly used alternative techniques. The fist part of the discussion highlights that prior literature has failed to provide a single risk‐adjusted model of long‐run abnormal returns with no biases. Subsequently, the paper provides guidance on how one can choose among pertinent alternative techniques. As a conclusion, researchers ought to choose among alternative techniques after considering issues such as (i) the nature of dataset and market of interest, (ii) the event type (regulatory or corporate), (iii) returns’ time‐interval, (iv) association of the event with accounting data, (v) sample characteristics and prior evidence regarding similar events, as well as (vi) risk changes following the event. Robustness tests are essential, while the road for further research regarding the appropriate technique(s) is open.
The COMT Val/Met polymorphism is associated with reading‐related skills and consistent patterns of functional neural activation
Authors: Landi Nicole , Frost Stephen J. , Mencl W. Einar , Preston Jonathan L. , Jacobsen Leslie K. , Lee Maria , Yrigollen Carolyn , Pugh Kenneth R. , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn both children and adults there is large variability in reading skill, with approximately 5–10% of individuals characterized as having reading disability; these individuals struggle to learn to read despite adequate intelligence and opportunity. Although it is well established that a substantial portion of this variability is attributed to the genetic differences between individuals, specifics of the connections between reading and the genome are not understood. This article presents data that suggest that variation in the COMT gene, which has previously been associated with variation in higher‐order cognition, is associated with reading and reading‐related skills, at the level of both brain and behavior. In particular, we found that the COMT Val/Met polymorphism at rs4680, which results in the substitution of the ancestral Valine (Val) by Methionine (Met), was associated with better performance on a number of critical reading measures and with patterns of functional neural activation that have been linked to better readers. We argue that this polymorphism, known for its broad effects on cognition, may modulate (likely through frontal lobe function) reading skill.
Simulation Guided Hair Dynamics Modeling from Video
Authors: Zhang Qing , Tong Jing , Wang Huamin , Pan Zhigeng , Yang Ruigang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this paper we present a hybrid approach to reconstruct hair dynamics from multi‐view video sequences, captured under uncontrolled lighting conditions. The key of this method is a refinement approach that combines image‐based reconstruction techniques with physically based hair simulation. Given an initially reconstructed sequence of hair fiber models, we develop a hair dynamics refinement system using particle‐based simulation and incompressible fluid simulation. The system allows us to improve reconstructed hair fiber motions and complete missing fibers caused by occlusion or tracking failure. The refined space‐time hair dynamics are consistent with video inputs and can be also used to generate novel hair animations of different hair styles. We validate this method through various real hair examples.
Performance Capture of High‐Speed Motion Using Staggered Multi‐View Recording
Authors: Wu Di , Liu Yebin , Ihrke Ivo , Dai Qionghai , Theobalt Christian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe present a markerless performance capture system that can acquire the motion and the texture of human actors performing fast movements using only commodity hardware. To this end we introduce two novel concepts: First, a staggered surround multi‐view recording setup that enables us to perform model‐based motion capture on motion‐blurred images, and second, a model‐based deblurring algorithm which is able to handle disocclusion, self‐occlusion and complex object motions. We show that the model‐based approach is not only a powerful strategy for tracking but also for deblurring highly complex blur patterns.
Wake Synthesis For Shallow Water Equation
Authors: Pan Zherong , Huang Jin , Tong Yiying , Bao Hujun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn fluid animation, wake is one of the most important phenomena usually seen when an object is moving relative to the flow. However, in current shallow water simulation for interactive applications, this effect is greatly smeared out. In this paper, we present a method to efficiently synthesize these wakes. We adopt a generalized SPH method for shallow water simulation and two way solid fluid coupling. In addition, a 2D discrete vortex method is used to capture the detailed wake motions behind an obstacle, enriching the motion of SWE simulation. Our method is highly efficient since only 2D simulation is required. Moreover, by using a physically inspired procedural approach for particle seeding, DVM particles are only created in the wake region. Therefore, very few particles are required while still generating realistic wake patterns. When coupled with SWE, we show that these patterns can be seen using our method with marginal overhead.
Two‐Finger Gestures for 6DOF Manipulation of 3D Objects
Authors: Liu Jingbo , Au Oscar Kin‐Chung , Fu Hongbo , Tai Chiew‐Lan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMultitouch input devices afford effective solutions for 6DOF (six Degrees of Freedom) manipulation of 3D objects. Mainly focusing on large‐size multitouch screens, existing solutions typically require at least three fingers and bimanual interaction for full 6DOF manipulation. However, single‐hand, two‐finger operations are preferred especially for portable multitouch devices (e.g., popular smartphones) to cause less hand occlusion and relieve the other hand for necessary tasks like holding the devices. Our key idea for full 6DOF control using only two contact fingers is to introduce two manipulation modes and two corresponding gestures by examining the moving characteristics of the two fingers, instead of the number of fingers or the directness of individual fingers as done in previous works. We solve the resulting binary classification problem using a learning‐based approach. Our pilot experiment shows that with only two contact fingers and typically unimanual interaction, our technique is comparable to or even better than the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Isotropic Surface Remeshing Using Constrained Centroidal Delaunay Mesh
Authors: Chen Zhonggui , Cao Juan , Wang Wenping 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe develop a novel isotropic remeshing method based on constrained centroidal Delaunay mesh (CCDM), a generalization of centroidal patch triangulation from 2D to mesh surface. Our method starts with resampling an input mesh with a vertex distribution according to a user‐defined density function. The initial remeshing result is then progressively optimized by alternatively recovering the Delaunay mesh and moving each vertex to the centroid of its 1‐ring neighborhood. The key to making such simple iterations work is an efficient optimization framework that combines both local and global optimization methods. Our method is parameterization‐free, thus avoiding the metric distortion introduced by parameterization, and generating more well‐shaped triangles. Our method guarantees that the topology of surface is preserved without requiring geodesic information. We conduct various experiments to demonstrate the simplicity, efficacy, and robustness of the presented method.
Learning to doctor: tinkering with visibility in residency training
Authors: Wallenburg Iris , Bont Antoinette , Heineman Maas‐Jan , Scheele Fedde , Meurs Pauline 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMedical doctors in teaching hospitals aim to serve the two central goals of patient care and medical training. Whereas patient care asks for experience, expertise and close supervision, medical training requires space to practise and the ‘invisibility’ of medical residents. Yet current reforms in postgraduate medical training point to an increasing emphasis on the measurable visibility of residents. Drawing on an ethnographic study of gynaecology training in The Netherlands, this article demonstrates that in daily clinical routines multiple practices of residents’ visibility (visibilities) coexist. The article lists four visibilities: staging residents, negotiating supervision, playing the invisibility game and filming surgical operations. The article shows how attending physicians and medical residents tinker with these visibilities in daily clinical work to provide good care while enacting learning space, highlighting the increasing importance of visualising technologies in clinical work. Moreover, the article contributes to traditional sociological accounts on medical education, shifting the focus from medical education as a social institution to the practices of medical training itself. Such a focus on practice helps to gain an understanding of how the current reform challenges clinicians’ educational activities.
Why the French did not choose to panic: a dynamic analysis of the public response to the influenza pandemic
Authors: Sherlaw William , Raude Jocelyn 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo understand the French public’s response to the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1 influenza health threat a sequence analysis framework has been employed mobilising different theoretical strands such as innovations diffusion theory, surprise theory and social representation theory. These tend to suggest that disease episodes, public health policy and the public’s response should be considered within a larger socio‐cognitive frame incorporating representations anchored by prior disease episodes and campaigns. It is suggested in this article that the public’s response was greatly influenced by the pervasive anchoring of the social representations of the pandemic threat to the 1918 Spanish flu in the lay and scientific media. These representations were eventually seen not to match the reality of the disease and consequently the French public did not panic during the 2009 pandemic. This hypothesis has been tested empirically by examining retrospective media, bibliographical data and an analysis of risk perception carried out through three cross‐sectional studies prior to and during the pandemic episode and one month after the launch of the vaccination campaign. These findings suggest that alarmist framings of health threats may be counterproductive since they may reduce the capacity of public health organisations to mobilise the public in the case of more serious emerging disease.
A Comparison of Chemical Enhancements for the Detection of Latent Blood,,
Authors: Seashols Sarah J. , Cross Heather D. , Shrader Danielle L. , Rief Ashley 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLuminol, Bluestar®, and Hemascein® were tested to compare detection sensitivities to latent blood. Untreated, EDTA‐treated human blood, and a catalytically similar blood substitute were diluted (neat to 1:1,000,000) and pipetted onto a variety of substrates. Luminol and Bluestar® performed similarly on all surfaces and fabrics. Hemascein® yielded poor results on wood surfaces, but performed well in the detection of latent blood on fabrics. Results from untreated, EDTA‐treated, and synthetic blood results indicate that EDTA‐treated blood is similar or slightly less sensitive than untreated blood at all dilutions and on all substrates, and the synthetic blood is less sensitive than real blood, but consistent in detection threshold and thus is useful as a training aid. Additionally, some foods and household chemicals that have previously been shown to cross‐react were tested with Bluestar®, Hemascein®, and luminol. Hemascein® cross‐reacted with many substances, while both luminol reagents were more discriminating.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Fused Silica Prepared by Different Approaches
Authors: Li Lei , Fang Yong , Xiao Qing , Wu Yong Jun , Wang Nan , Chen Xiang Ming 
Published: October 2012

Fused silica was prepared by different approaches, and the microwave dielectric properties were investigated. For the fused silica sintered at 1100°C by solid‐state sintering, the dielectric constant (εr) and Qf value increased with increasing the sintering time up to 5 h, while the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) decreased. The optimal properties with low εr of 3.72, high Qf value of 44,300 GHz, and low τf of −14.4 ppm/°C were achieved when sintered at 1100°C for 5 h. The microwave dielectric properties could be further improved by other preparing approaches, as listed below: εr = 3.90, Qf = 63,500 GHz, τf = −5.7 ppm/°C for spark plasma sintering, and εr = 3.83, Qf = 122,100 GHz, τf = −8.3 ppm/°C for melting method. The results showed that fused silica was a good candidate as a microwave substrate material.
A Galactic O2 If*/WN6 star possibly ejected from its birthplace in NGC 3603
Authors: Roman-Lopes A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In this work we report the discovery of a new Galactic O2 If*/WN6 star, a rare member of the extremely massive hydrogen core-burning group of stars that, because of their high intrinsic luminosity (close to the Eddington limit), possess an emission-line spectrum at the beginning of their main-sequence evolution, mimicking the spectral appearance of classical Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars. The new star is named WR 42e and is found in isolation at 2.7 arcmin (∼6 pc) from the core of the starburst cluster NGC 3603. From the computed E(B−V) colour excess and observed visual magnitude it is possible to estimate its absolute visual magnitude as MV=−6.3 mag, which is a value similar to those obtained by other researchers for stars of similar spectral type both in the Galaxy and in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Considering the derived absolute visual magnitude, we compute a bolometric stellar luminosity of about 3.2 × 106 L⊙. Finally, we estimate the mass of the new O2 If*/WN6 star by comparing its observed magnitudes and colours with those of other probable NGC 3603 cluster members, finding that the initial mass of WR 42e possibly exceeds 100 M⊙.
Culpable Control and Causal Deviance
Authors: Alicke Mark D. , Rose David 
Published: October 2012

AbstractActions that are intended to produce harmful consequences can fail to achieve their desired effects in numerous ways. We refer to action sequences in which harmful intentions are thwarted as deviant causal chains. The culpable control model of blame (CCM) is a useful tool for predicting and explaining the attributions that observers make of the actors whose harmful intentions go awry. In this paper, we describe six types of deviant causal chains; those in which: an actor’s attempt is obviated by the intervention of another person or the environment; the intended effects could not have been produced regardless of the actor’s behavior; other causes diminish the actor’s causal role; the actor brings about foreseen but undesired consequences as a result of pursuing his or her focal goal; the focal action produces a chain of increasingly remote causal events; and the actor derives unforeseen benefits from his or her nefarious actions. A basic assumption of the CCM in these cases is that attributions for the participants’ actions will depend on positive and negative evaluations of their intentions and behaviors. We describe empirical findings that are consistent with this assumption, and predict other findings for causal deviance phenomena that have not yet been investigated empirically.
Making Interpersonal Meaning: Significant Others in Mind in Transference
Authors: Przybylinski Elizabeth , Andersen Susan M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe social cognitive process of transference may serve as a means of constructing interpersonal meaning. Support for this proposition is presented through a review of evidence on the relational self in transference, reframed in terms of meaning construction, as well as new investigations of the ways precise ways in which transference can serve this function. In the underlying theory, knowledge one has about each of the various significant others in one’s life is represented in memory and linked to a distinct relational self in memory by means of the relationship with that other. Significant‐other knowledge can be activated in an interpersonal encounter and, when transference occurs, used to go beyond the information given about a new person and also influences affect, motivation, and self‐regulation (Andersen & Glassman, 1996). Distinct relational selves also arise in transference depending on which significant other is triggered by the situation. These processes allow the individual to imbue the interpersonal encounter with personalized meaning. Further, recent evidence suggests that whole meaning systems shared with the significant other are constructed in that relationship and are thus evoked and pursued in the transference encounter.
A General Model of Preventive and Interventive Self‐Control
Authors: Hofmann Wilhelm , Kotabe Hiroki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe field of self‐control has witnessed an unprecedented boom, not least due to the immense implications of successful and unsuccessful self‐control for people’s lives. However, successful and unsuccessful self‐control can take many different forms, and many conceptual problems have been raised as to what self‐control is about and how to best study it. Integrating different literatures, we provide a general model of self‐control which distinguishes between preventive (i.e., anticipatory) and interventive (i.e., momentary) forms of self‐control. The proposed Preventive‐Interventive Model (PI‐Model) of Self‐Control combines seven basic components: preventive strategies, desire, conflict, control motivation, volition, opportunity constraints, and behavior enactment. The resulting taxonomy helps to distinguish self‐control from standard motivational processes, to define the concept of temptation, and to identify different types of self‐control failure including self‐monitoring failure, motivational self‐control failure, and volitional self‐control failure. Further, the model helps to outline five broad mechanisms through which people may be able to proactively boost self‐control success.