bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E2 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation through EP4 Receptor and Intracellular Cyclic AMP in Human Macrophages
Authors: Sokolowska Milena , Chen Li-Yuan , Liu Yueqin , Martinez-Anton Asuncion , Qi Hai-Yan , Logun Carolea , Alsaaty Sara , Park Yong Hwan , Kastner Daniel L. , Chae Jae Jin , Shelhamer James H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPGE2 is a potent lipid mediator involved in maintaining homeostasis but also promotion of acute inflammation or immune suppression in chronic inflammation and cancer. Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat–containing protein (NLR)P3 inflammasome plays an important role in host defense. Uncontrolled activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, owing to mutations in the NLRP3 gene, causes cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes. In this study, we showed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is inhibited by PGE2 in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages. This effect was mediated through PGE2 receptor subtype 4 (EP4) and an increase in intracellular cAMP, independently of protein kinase A or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP. A specific agonist of EP4 mimicked, whereas its antagonist or EP4 knockdown reversed, PGE2-mediated NLRP3 inhibition. PGE2 caused an increase in intracellular cAMP. Blockade of adenylate cyclase by its inhibitor reversed PGE2-mediated NLRP3 inhibition. Increase of intracellular cAMP by an activator of adenylate cyclase or an analog of cAMP, or a blockade of cAMP degradation by phosphodiesterase inhibitor decreased NLRP3 activation. Protein kinase A or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP agonists did not mimic, and their antagonists did not reverse, PGE2-mediated NLRP3 inhibition. Additionally, constitutive IL-1β secretion from LPS-primed PBMCs of cryopyrin-associated periodic fever syndromes patients was substantially reduced by high doses of PGE2. Moreover, blocking cytosolic phospholipase A2α by its inhibitor or small interfering RNA or inhibiting cyclooxygenase 2, resulting in inhibition of endogenous PGE2 production, caused an increase in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results suggest that PGE2 might play a role in maintaining homeostasis during the resolution phase of inflammation and might serve as an autocrine and paracrine regulator.
Anti–Factor H Autoantibodies in C3 Glomerulopathies and in Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: One Target, Two Diseases
Authors: Blanc Caroline , Togarsimalemath Shambhuprasad Kotresh , Chauvet Sophie , Le Quintrec Moglie , Moulin Bruno , Buchler Matthias , Jokiranta T. Sakari , Roumenina Lubka T. , Fremeaux-Bacchi Véronique , Dragon-Durey Marie-Agnès 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Autoantibodies targeting factor H (FH), which is a main alternative complement pathway regulatory protein, have been well characterized in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) but have been less well described in association with alternative pathway–mediated glomerulopathies (GP). In this study, we studied 17 patients presenting with GP who were positive for anti-FH IgG. Clinical data were collected and biological characteristics were compared with those of patients presenting with anti-FH Ab-associated aHUS. In contrast to the aHUS patients, the GP patients had no circulating FH-containing immune complexes, and their anti-FH IgG had a weaker affinity for FH. Functional studies demonstrated that these Abs induced no perturbations in FH cell surface protection or the binding of FH to its ligand. However, anti-FH IgG samples isolated from three patients were able to affect the factor I cofactor activity of FH. Epitope mapping identified the N-terminal domain of FH as the major binding site for GP patient IgG. No homozygous deletions of the CFHR1 and CFHR3 genes, which are frequently associated with the anti-FH Ab in aHUS patients, were found in the GP patients. Finally, anti-FH Abs were frequently associated with the presence of C3 nephritic factor in child GP patients and with monoclonal gammopathy in adult GP patients, who frequently showed Ig Lchain restriction during reactivity against factor H. These data provide deeper insights into the pathophysiological differences between aHUS and GP, demonstrating heterogeneity of anti-FH IgG.
Collecting Lymphatic Vessel Permeability Facilitates Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Distribution of Antigen to Lymph Node–Homing Adipose Tissue Dendritic Cells
Authors: Kuan Emma L. , Ivanov Stoyan , Bridenbaugh Eric A. , Victora Gabriel , Wang Wei , Childs Ed W. , Platt Andrew M. , Jakubzick Claudia V. , Mason Robert J. , Gashev Anatoliy A. , Nussenzweig Michel , Swartz Melody A. , Dustin Michael L. , Zawieja David C. , Randolph Gwendalyn J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Collecting lymphatic vessels (CLVs), surrounded by fat and endowed with contractile muscle and valves, transport lymph from tissues after it is absorbed into lymphatic capillaries. CLVs are not known to participate in immune responses. In this study, we observed that the inherent permeability of CLVs allowed broad distribution of lymph components within surrounding fat for uptake by adjacent macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that actively interacted with CLVs. Endocytosis of lymph-derived Ags by these cells supported recall T cell responses in the fat and also generated Ag-bearing DCs for emigration into adjacent lymph nodes (LNs). Enhanced recruitment of DCs to inflammation-reactive LNs significantly relied on adipose tissue DCs to maintain sufficient numbers of Ag-bearing DCs as the LN expanded. Thus, CLVs coordinate inflammation and immunity within adipose depots and foster the generation of an unexpected pool of APCs for Ag transport into the adjacent LN.
Location of Parathyroid Adenomas in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Where to look?
Authors: Uludag Mehmet , Yazici Pinar , Mihmanli Mehmet , Bozdag Emre , Aygun Nurcihan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTPurposePreoperative localization studies for parathyroid adenomas are very essential to perform minimal invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) with decreased operative time and potential complications. Although most of these studies based on radiological imaging, intraoperative assessment provides the most accurate anatomical description of the location of parathyroid adenomas. In this study, we aim to evaluate the surgical variations of locations of parathyroid adenomas in patients performed parathyroid surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Materials and methodsBetween January 2010 and December 2013, 243 patients (201 women/42 men) who underwent parathyroid surgery due to phPT were included. A total of 254 parathyroid adenomas were detected. Demographic features, preoperative work-up, surgical approach, types of procedures and postoperative complications were noted. Locations of parathyroid adenomas were recorded from operative notes. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test and chi-square. continuous data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsWith regard to the most frequently observed, location of adenomas were as follows; right inferior (n = 89, 37.7%), left inferior (n = 78, 33%), right superior (n = 44, 18.6%), left superior (n = 25, 10.5%) and ectopic locations (n = 18). Ectopic adenomas were mostly located in the thymus (n = 9) and intrathyroidal tissue (n = 6) at a rate of 83%. Postoperative hypocalcemia (11%) was mostly seen in those with parathyroid adenoma located around the inferior lobes of the thyroid (86%) and undergoing bilateral neck exploration (75%).ConclusionThe most of the parathyroid adenomas were found in orthotopic position and located around the lower pole of the thyroid gland. Ectopic adenomas were mostly located in thymus or intrathyroidal. Postoperative hypocalcemia was also higher in those with parathyroid adenoma located around the inferior lobe of the thyroid.How to cite this articleYazici P, Mihmanli M, Bozdag E, Aygun N, Uludag M. Location of Parathyroid Adenomas in Primary Hyperparathyroidism: Where to look? World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(1):1-5.
Statistical Methods in Endocrine Surgery Journal Club
Authors: Mishra Prabhaker 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Endocrine surgery is a relatively newer surgical subspecialty with few dedicated endocrine surgery departments and journals. To understand the published literature, knowledge of some common statistical methods are not only useful but also significant to publish own research successfully. This paper present a brief review of common statistical methods, used for data analysis in conducting medical research.

How to cite this article
Mishra P, Mayilvaganan S, Agarwal A. Statistical Methods in Endocrine Surgery Journal Club. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(1):21-23.
Identification of Fetal Growth Patterns with Customized Growth Charts: A prospective study in South India
Authors: Radhika Badanahatti , Suseela Vavilala , Nirmalan Praveen Kumar 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the diagnostic effectiveness of symphysis fundus height (SFH) measures plotted on customized growth charts for the identification of fetal growth patterns in a tertiary care perinatal center in south India.Materials and methodsSerial SFH of pregnant women with singleton babies booked for antenatal care up to 22 weeks was measured from 24 weeks of gestation and plotted on customized growth charts that were developed using the gestation related optimal weight (GROW) software downloaded from www.gestation.net to identify fetal growth patterns. Fetal growth patterns were also ascertainedusing ultrasound in the antenatal period and confirmed at birth using a neonatal growth classification. The diagnostic effectiveness of SFH was compared with ultrasound and neonatal classifications using sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve and likelihood ratio testsResultsThe study included 666 pregnant women who presented at the antenatal clinics from January 2010 to October 2010. On ultrasound examination, 564 (84.6%) fetuses were AGA, 78 (11.7%) fetuses were LGA and 19 (2.9%) were SGA and 5 (0.8%) showed crossing centile from higher to lower pattern. On serial SFH measures, 426 (64.0%) of the fetuses were normal growth, 180 (27.0%) were excessive growth and 40 (6.0%) were slow growth. Serial SFH measures had a positive likelihood ratio of 4.7 (8.5 for USG) for the identification of SGA and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.06 for the detection of LGA.ConclusionThe SFH measures plotted on a customized GROW curve have the potential to develop into a low cost screening tool to identify fetuses with altered growth. The diagnostic effectiveness of SFH plotted on customized growth charts has to be improved further through the development of appropriate customized growth charts for India before application on a larger scale.How to cite this articleRadhika B, Suseela V, Nirmalan PK. Identification of Fetal Growth Patterns with Customized Growth Charts: A prospective study in South India. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2015;6(1):30-34.
Nations and Citizens in Yugoslavia and the Post-Yugoslav States
Authors: Štiks Igor 
Published: April 2015

Between 1914 and the present day the political makeup of the Balkans has relentlessly changed, following unpredictable shifts of international and internal borders. Between and across these borders various political communities were formed, co-existed and (dis)integrated.
By analysing one hundred years of modern citizenship in Yugoslavia and post-Yugoslav states, Igor Štiks shows that the concept and practice of citizenship is necessary to understand how political communities are made, un-made and re-made. He argues that modern citizenship is a tool that can be used for different and opposing goals, from integration and re-unification to fragmentation and ethnic engineering.
The study of citizenship in the ‘laboratory’ of the Balkands offers not only an original angle to narrate an alternative political history, but also an insight into the fine mechanics and repeating glitches of modern politics, applicable to multinational states in the European Union and beyond.
Humanism
Authors: Pinn Anthony B. 
Published: April 2015

Who are the “Nones”? What does humanism say about race, religion and popular culture? How do race, religion and popular culture inform and affect humanism?
The demographics of the United States are changing, marked most profoundly by the religiously unaffiliated, or what we have to come to call the “Nones”. Spread across generations in the United States, this group encompasses a wide range of philosophical and ideological perspectives, from some in line with various forms of theism to those who are atheistic, and all sorts of combinations in between. Similar changes to demographics are taking place in Europe and elsewhere.
Humanism: Essays on Race, Religion and Popular Culture provides a much-needed humanities-based analysis and description of humanism in relation to these cultural markers. Whereas most existing analysis attempts to explain humanism through the natural and social sciences (the “what” of life), Anthony B. Pinn explores humanism in relation to “how” life is arranged, socialized, ritualized, and framed. This ground-breaking publication brings together old and new essays on a wide range of topics and themes, from the African-American experience, to the development of humanist churches, and the lyrics of Jay Z.
Does the description of a root system matter for sustainable use and conservation? A case study in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kaboré Sibiry Albert , Hahn Karen , Hien Mipro , Nacro Hassan Bismarck 
Published: April 2015

Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce is one of the most useful medicinal plants in many African countries. The root being the part generally used for this purpose. In the context of land degradation and overexploitation of biological resources in many parts of Burkina Faso, a good description of the root system is necessary to better plan for sustainable use and conservation. We aim to answer the following: i) What is the root system architecture of S. latifolius in the Sudanian zone of Burkina Faso? ii) What amount of root biomass is produced by the species? iii) Can we use a semi-destructive method to establish a model for root biomass prediction?
Forty plants were randomly selected and their dendrometric parameters were measured. For each sampled tree, the quarter of the roots were harvested and weighed. Results show the species has a superficial lateral root system. The roots grow towards other species, but do not form anatomical links with roots of other species. An allometric equation for root biomass prediction was developed through a multiple linear model. As a practical use of the present study, we propose, that people using this plant to treat illness should search for roots at approximately 10m between the trunk of mature individuals of S. latifolius and another species, instead of using roots near the trunk. Thus, only the ends of roots would be cut. Using this method could limit tree mortalities due to root harvesting and contribute to the preservation of this important species.
The Map of True Places: Moving Onward in Artist-Teacher Preparation
Authors: Hofsess Brooke Anne 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
How might we move onward in art teacher education toward a more fluid sense of possibility in preparing teachers for careers in schools, community arts settings, and beyond-- into livelihoods and vocations we have yet to imagine? This paper contemplates such a question by dwelling in the pages of a visual verbal journal kept by a pre-service artistteacher during an introductory art education methods course. The author, an art teacher educator, follows a curatorial impulse, thus creating a series of rhizomatic maps. Through this arts-based methodological approach, these maps generate an assemblage of true places, or lines of resonance and connection educators create between themselves and their anticipated vocation. These mappings seek to invite others to wonder how the journal keeper’s insights and reflections might offer new directions and possibilities for art teacher preparation.
Museums as Alternative Settings for Initial Teacher Education: Implications of and Beyond the “Take One Picture” Program for Primary Art Education
Authors: Yuan Yanyue , Stephenson Philip , Hickman Richard 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss the rationale for using museums as alternative settings for initial teacher education in the primary sector by identifying the significance of transferring the pedagogical strategies characteristic of museum settings to primary art education. To illustrate our points, we examine the case of the "Take One Picture" initiative (hereafter as TOP) by drawing upon evidence from the TOP Cultural Placement pilot project in Cambridge. We call attention to "dialogic teaching" as a valuable pedagogical principle that trainee teachers can take away and build upon to inform their day-to-day practice. Our reflections on the TOP project reaffirm the distinctive role of the museum context in teacher training and the importance of dialogue in engagement with art. In addition, the TOP project showcases how fine arts can be taught from a Visual Culture Art Education (VCAE) perspective that incorporates socio-cultural contexts. We also put forward a "repertoire" approach that connects the various dimensions in art education, including appreciating, making and displaying art. This small case study enriches the current literature by highlighting that museums can be turned into exemplary settings for raising awareness of dialogic teaching and for teachers and educators to practice, design, and improve their own strategies of dialogic teaching. In response to the limitations of the TOP program, we propose that trainee teachers could be encouraged to make art works during their training and that future practices can incorporate a "Take One Object" (TOO) approach to complement the employment of visual stimulus in art education with material objects.
The Coming Community of Art Education: Introducing Lesson Blueprinting to Saturday Art
Authors: Holland Kristopher J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This paper chronicles the theory and practice of shifting a Saturday Art Program designed for pre-service teachers that had focused on traditional lesson planning and craft products into a dynamic engagement with the community, contemporary art, and pedagogical inquiry by emphasizing one aspect of this change: lesson blueprinting. Over the past three years, the Saturday Art Program has been re-focused by re-conceptualizing lesson planning, assessment, edTPA issues, the infusion of contemporary art practices, collaborative teaching, and a renewed use of aesthetic theory. All of these trajectories have resulted in creating a new Saturday art community, one that was successful enough to spawn demand for more Saturday art outside of the practicum that continues to serve the community as a space for art inquiry decoupled from teacher training. This essay begins a dialogue about how Saturday art communities across the United States can be more than supplemental art experiences or art-labs for pre-service teacher training and instead become spaces for public debate about what art is and how it can be practiced in different contexts.
Black Faces, White Voices/White Faces, Black Voices: The Implications of “Race Fail” for Community-Based Arts Education
Authors: Chernoff Carolyn 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes the ways that a rhetoric of "community" can reproduce the very racial and economic inequalities community-based arts practitioners seek to address in their practice. Based on multi-sited ethnographic data, this article presents three examples of racialized conflict in community-based art settings to discuss some of the central challenges for predominantly White community-based arts educators as well as formal training programs. The question of how to build classroom community across social difference suggests that silencing dissent or difference in the name of "community" does more harm than good. Deliberate training around power and praxis could help community- based arts educators name and transform lived inequalities in their classrooms and beyond. Best practices include teacher self-education outside of the classroom, and ongoing collaboration with community stakeholders.
Refinement of welfare through development of a quantitative system for assessment of lifetime experience
Authors: Wolfensohn S , Sharpe S , Hall I , Lawrence S , Kitchen S , Dennis M 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a system that uses intrinsic study data to provide a clear visualisation of the stresses involved during the animal's life history that can be applied to all types of studies, even those not requiring invasive techniques. Thus, it provides an opportunity for researchers to identify and refine key events which impact on the welfare of an animal, and to explain clearly the totality of any necessary harms when justifying the research. Assessment of animal welfare depends on measurement of a number of parameters which will vary according to species, the animal's environment and the scientific procedure, all of which are inter-related. Currently, there are few tools to assess the effects of lifetime events on welfare or even, in some cases, to recognise that they have an impact on the level of suffering. A matrix to assess the combined effects of environment, experimental and contingent events on welfare has been applied, retrospectively, to programmes of work involving macaques (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis). Lifetime records, available for animals from their birth in the breeding colony through to experimental use in vaccine efficacy evaluation studies, were analysed as a robust validation test for the assessment matrix and refinement of the way in which information on these events is captured. A meaningful assessment method is required prospectively for project licence applications and retrospectively for licence review or decisions on re-use. The analysis will provide information that would support the application of refinements that would optimally enhance the lives of experimental animals.
The reliability of welfare assessment according to the WelFur-protocol in the nursing period of mink(Neovison vison)is challenged by increasing welfare problems prior to weaning
Authors: Henriksen BIF , Møller SH 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the body condition of the mink dam, the frequency of dirty nests, frequency of injuries and diarrhoea change significantly with the day of assessment, post-partum, within the data collection period from parturition to weaning, influencing the scores of WelFur at criteria level, but not at principal level or the overall category of mink(Neovison vison)welfare according to the WelFur-Mink protocol. Data from a representative sample of around 120 dams and litters on four farms were collected three to four times in the period stipulated by the WelFur-Mink protocol. WelFur-scores between 0 (worst) and 100 (best) were calculated, aggregated and compared at criteria and principal level. The score for the criterion, ‘Absence of prolonged hunger’ dropped from 86 to 38 after about five weeks of lactation, affecting the principal score ‘Good feeding’, but not by enough to affect the estimated welfare classification. The score for the three other measures also varied with date of assessment but not enough to affect the classification. However, the observed change in the four measures we focused on indicates that a change in the overall WelFur classification can occur if these or other measures change a little more for the better or worse. Possible solutions to this could be reducing the time window for assessment, development of a valid correction factor or to stratify the visits into an early, middle and late visit on a farm within the three registration periods.