bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Depression Diagnosis and Antidepressant Treatment on Mortality in Medicare Beneficiaries with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Qian Jingjing , Simoni‐Wastila Linda , Langenberg Patricia , Rattinger Gail B. , Zuckerman Ilene H. , Lehmann Susan , Terrin Michael 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo estimate the effects of depression diagnosis and antidepressant treatment on 2‐year all‐cause mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and determine whether Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) eligibility modifies these relationships.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older in stand‐alone Part D plans in 2006 to 2008.ParticipantsBeneficiaries diagnosed with COPD and continuously enrolled in Medicare Parts A, B, and D (N = 75,699).MeasurementsDepression diagnosis was assessed at baseline (2006). Evidence of antidepressant treatment was measured across time. Covariates included baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and disease severity. Survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models estimated 2‐year mortality associated with depression diagnosis or antidepressant treatment (in beneficiaries with depression). Interaction terms of SSDI eligibility with baseline depression and time‐dependent antidepressant treatment were tested.ResultsMore than one‐fifth (21.6%) of beneficiaries with COPD had a depression diagnosis at baseline, and 82.1% of those received antidepressants. Nearly one‐sixth (16.3%) of the sample were SSDI eligible. Baseline depression heightened risk of death (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.09–1.18) in beneficiaries who were not eligible for SSDI. In beneficiaries with depression, the association between antidepressant treatment and lower mortality was different according to SSDI eligibility status.ConclusionSocial Security Disability Insurance eligibility modifies the effects of depression and antidepressant treatment on mortality in Medicare beneficiaries with COPD. These data suggest that clinicians should identify and treat depression in individuals with COPD, but further studies are needed to determine the effect of these interventions.
Unregulated and unsafe: The impact of motorcycle trauma on Queensland children
Authors: Pym Aaron J , Wallis Belinda A , Franklin Richard C , Kimble Roy M 
Published: April 2013

AimTo describe paediatric (0–15 years) motorcycle incidents in Queensland, inform safety policy and identify opportunities to improve data in this area.MethodPopulation‐based study of motorcycle‐related child (0–15 years) trauma, resulting in fatality or hospital admission beyond 24 h to any Queensland public hospital (2007–2009). Data compiled by Statewide Trauma Network and Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian.ResultsTen child fatalities were recorded (child death rate = 0.36/100 000 population 0–15 years). All were male and primary riders of their motorcycle. Nine fatalities were related to head injury; of these, five wore inadequate head protection. The coroner identified rider factors as contributory (speed, age or substance abuse) in seven cases. Motorcycle‐related incidents were the second most common mechanism recorded after bicycles, comprising 6.8% of 9141 paediatric trauma cases (619 motorcycle‐related incidents; 1225 injuries; admission rate = 22.2/100 000 population 0–15 years). Compared with the all‐trauma population, patients were older (median age = 13 vs. 10 years) and more frequently male (85% vs. 67%). Average admission was 4.4 days (head injuries = 7.0 days; burns = 5.8 days). Most children incurred >1 injury (mean = 2.01 injuries) with fractures (45%) and open wounds (17%) most common. As a proportion of all diagnoses, most injuries were to lower limb (44%), upper limb (26%) or head and neck (16%).ConclusionsThese data emphasise the need for children to use full protective equipment, especially helmets. Children are not currently protected by legislation mandating safety standards. Regulating rider age and safety standards (protective equipment, training and vehicle maintenance) may reduce the rate and severity of injury.
Use of urinalysis as a screening tool for asymptomatic infants
Authors: Bereket Gamze , Bozdogan Gunseli , Saribeyoglu Ebru , Arapoglu Mujde , Serteser Mustafa , Celiker Alpay 
Published: April 2013

AimThe utility of screening urinalysis in asymptomatic children has been questioned based on studies done in school‐age children or adolescents. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended to abandon this screening in 2007 but many paediatricians perform it at some point during childhood. Thus, we aimed to investigate usefulness of screening urinalysis during infancy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed results of screening urinalysis done in infants at 6–18 months of age who had regular care since birth at our centre. Infants with an ICD‐10 (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision) diagnostic code for routine child health exam (Z00.1) and a urinalysis requested with this code on the same date were included.ResultsA total of 683 infants met the inclusion criteria. 44 (6%) had an abnormal urinalysis. The most common abnormality (n = 39, 5,7%) was pyuria. Of these 39 babies, 5 had a repeat urinalysis only, 18 had a repeat urinalysis with urine culture, and 16 had a urine culture alone. Six patients had positive culture results and were given antibiotic treatment. All six babies who received treatment had normal ultrasound and two patients had a voiding cystourethrography, which were also normal. The other abnormalities (n = 5) detected were microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Repeat urinalyses of these patients were normal.ConclusionScreening urinalysis results were abnormal in 6% of the babies, but in 86% of those, abnormalities were transient. Only <1% had positive culture results. These data add to the evidence that screening urinalysis during infancy is unjustified supporting the AAP 2007 recommendations.
Heterogeneity of internal tandem duplications in the c‐kit of dogs with multiple mast cell tumours
Authors: Amagai Y. , Tanaka A. , Matsuda A. , Jung K. , Oida K. , Nishikawa S. , Jang H. , Matsuda H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMast cell tumours are one of the most common neoplasms in dogs. Mutations in the proto‐oncogene c‐kit, especially internal tandem duplications of exon 11, are considered to play a crucial role in mast cell tumourigenesis. In this report, two cases that suffered from multiple mast cell tumours containing an internal tandem duplication in the primary lesion but not in the secondary lesions are described. This finding indicates the existence of heterogenous c‐kit gene mutations in each site of multiple mast cell tumours. Additionally, these results raise the possibility that the contribution of internal tandem duplications in the malignant transformation of mast cells is quite limited. It is proposed that, for clinicians, genetic analysis of several regions of multiple mast cell tumours is necessary for predicting prognosis and tumour response to KIT inhibitors.
Bilateral medial displacement of the biceps tendon of origin: repair using polypropylene mesh and staples
Authors: Barnes D. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA three‐year‐old male greyhound was presented with acute onset right forelimb lameness because of medial displacement of the biceps tendon of origin. Ultrasonographic examination confirmed the diagnosis, and a concomitant partial tear of the medial glenohumeral ligament was detected during arthroscopy. To stabilise the biceps tendon, polypropylene mesh was fixed across the intertubercular groove to replace the torn transverse humeral retinaculum. Recovery was uneventful and lameness resolved. Fifteen months later, the dog was presented with medial displacement of the biceps tendon of origin of the left shoulder, and was treated successfully using the same technique.
Hepatitis B virus surface protein mutations clustered mainly in CTL immune epitopes in chronic carriers: results of an Iranian nationwide study
Authors: Khedive A. , Norouzi M. , Ramezani F. , Karimzadeh H. , Alavian S. M. , Malekzadeh R. , Montazeri G. , Nejatizadeh A. , Ziaee M. , Abedi F. , Ataei B. , Yaran M. , Sayad B. , Somi M. H. , Sarizadeh G. , Sanei‐Moghaddam I. , Mansour‐Ghanaei F. , Rafatpanah H. , Pourhosseingholi M. A. , Keyvani H. , Kalantari E. , Saberifiroozi M. , Judaki M. A. , Ghamari S. , Daram M. , Mahabadi M. , Fazeli Z. , Goodarzi Z. , Poortahmasebi V. , Jazayeri S. M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMutations within the coding region of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been found naturally in chronic carriers. To characterize the mutations of HBsAg from Iranian chronic carriers who were vaccine and/or medication naive. The surface genes from 360 patients were amplified and directly sequenced. The distribution of amino acid substitutions was classified according to different immune epitopes of the surface protein. All isolates belonged to genotype D. 222 (61.6%) of 360 patients contained at least one amino acid substitution. 404 (74.5%) of 542 amino acid changes occurred in different immune epitopes of HBsAg, of which 112 (27.7%) in 32 residues of B‐cell epitopes (62 in the ‘a’ determinant); 111 (27.4%) in 32 residues of T helper; and 197 (48.7%) in 32 residues inside cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. One Th (186–197) and two CTL (28–51 and 206–215) epitopes were found to be hotspot motifs for the occurrence of 213 (52.7%) substitutions. 20 stop codons were identified in different epitopes. There was a significant association between amino acid substitutions and anti‐HBe seropositivity; however, the correlation between such changes with viral load and ALT levels was not significant. In chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) carriers, positive selection in particular outside the ‘a’ determinant appeared to exert influence on the surface proteins. These changes could be immune escape mutations naturally occurring due to the host immune surveillance especially at the T‐cell level.
Regression of liver fibrosis is progressive after sustained virological response to HCV therapy in patients with hepatitis C and HIV coinfection
Authors: Casado J. L. , Quereda C. , Moreno A. , Pérez‐Elías M. J. , Martí‐Belda P. , Moreno S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThere are few data about the long‐term histological outcome of HIV‐/HCV‐coinfected patients after therapy with interferon and ribavirin. We performed an observational study of 216 patients who received therapy against HCV and who had at least three successive transient elastographies (TE) during the follow‐up. The primary endpoint was confirmed fibrosis regression, defined as a reduction of at least 1 point in Metavir fibrosis score, confirmed and without worsening in successive TE. At baseline, 23% had fibrosis stage 4 or cirrhosis. Overall, 82 (38%) achieved sustained virological response (SVR), without differences in baseline fibrosis or time of follow‐up. Confirmed fibrosis regression was observed in 55% of patients, higher for SVR (71% vs 44%; P < 0.01), and the likelihood of achieving fibrosis regression at 3, 5 and 7 years was 0.17, 0.51 and 0.67, respectively, for SVR patients, in comparison with 0.02, 0.23 and 0.41 for no SVR patients (P < 0.01, log‐rank test at any time point). Progressive regression, defined as continuous improvement in successive TE, was observed in 62% of patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis who achieved SVR. In a Cox regression model, only SVR (HR, 4.01; 95% CI, 2.33–7.57; P < 0.01) and a younger age (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05–1.25; P < 0.01; per year) were associated with fibrosis regression. This study confirms that the rate of liver fibrosis regression increases during the follow‐up after SVR to interferon therapy in HIV‐/HCV‐coinfected patients.
Clinical Experience and Procedural Outcomes Associated with the DF4 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System: The SJ4 Postapproval Study
Authors: CANTILLON DANIEL J. , HA KIEU , STYPEREK ROBERT , JUMRUSSIRIKUL PITAYADET , MIRRO MICHAEL , WONG WILSON , WILKOFF BRUCE L. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundCurrent implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) employ two or three low‐ and high‐voltage lead connectors, adding complexity and bulk, sometimes resulting in incorrect connections and adverse events. The SJ4 study evaluates the performance of a novel integrated single‐lead DF4 connection system by characterizing lead measurements, handling characteristics, and outcomes.MethodsPatients with standard guidelines‐based ICD indications were enrolled and implanted with a St. Jude Medical™ DF4 system (St. Jude Medical, Sylmar, CA, USA; right ventricular high‐voltage DF4 lead models 7120Q, 7121Q, 7122Q, or 7170Q with compatible ICD). Device electrical measurements, handling characteristics, and any adverse events were collected at implant and during each scheduled 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsAmong 1,701 patients (65 ± 13 years, 72% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 29 ± 12%) enrolled at 58 centers, there were 1,697 successful implants (99.8% implant success; ICD; n = 999, cardiac resynchronization therapy‐defibrillator n = 698). Implanting physicians reported that implantation of the DF4 lead was normal or easier than normal in 94% of cases with successful implant. These patients have been followed for 1.7 ± 0.5 years with a maximum follow‐up of 2.5 years. The complication rate was 0.017 per patient year of follow‐up (95% confidence interval: 0.013–0.023), which included abnormal defibrillation impedance, elevated pacing thresholds, failure to detect ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation, lead dislodgement, lead fracture, loss of capture, and lead perforation. There were no set screw‐related complications at implant or during follow‐up.ConclusionThe DF4 system overall performed very well with few complications at implant and in follow‐up.
The Electrophysiological Characteristics of Accessory Pathways in Pediatric Patients with Intermittent Preexcitation
Authors: MAH DOUGLAS Y. , SHERWIN ELIZABETH D. , ALEXANDER MARK E. , CECCHIN FRANK , ABRAMS DOMINIC J. , WALSH EDWARD P. , TRIEDMAN JOHN K. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundAccessory pathways (APs) with intermittent preexcitation (IPX) are thought to be of lower risk, but there are reports of IPX patients presenting with rapidly conducted atrial fibrillation.MethodsRetrospective study performed on patients with preexcitation who underwent an electro‐physiological study (EPS). IPX was defined as loss of the delta wave on electrocardiogram prior to EPS. Patients with IPX were compared with those with persistent preexcitation (PPX) or suppression of the delta wave on exercise test (IPX‐ET). Congenital heart disease and prior ablations were excluded.ResultsOf 328 patients with preexcitation, 41 (12.5%) had IPX. Patients with IPX or PPX were similar in age (12.9 years vs 13.0 years, P = 0.8) and AP location (left‐sided 54% vs 50%, P = 0.7; septal 32% vs 35%, P = 0.4). Testing on isoproterenol was performed in 17 (41%) IPX and 41 (14%) PPX patients. Although IPX patients had a longer median refractory period compared to PPX patients (340 ms vs 310 ms, P = 0.001), the incidence of APs with refractory periods ≤250 ms was similar (10% vs 12%, P = 1.0). Exercise tests were performed on 208 patients and 24 (12%) had IPX‐ET. Compared with IPX patients, IPX‐ET had similar median AP refractory periods (320 ms, P = 0.4) and incidence of APs with refractory periods ≤250 ms (13%, P = 1.0).ConclusionPatients with IPX had longer AP refractory periods than those with PPX, but the incidence of pathways with refractory periods ≤250 ms was not significantly different. The finding of IPX on a baseline electrocardiogram does not rule out potentially high‐risk pathways.
Feasibility and Safety of Same‐Day Discharge after Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Placement for Primary Prevention
Authors: DARDA SABA , KHOURI YAZAN , GORGES RONY , AL SAMARA MERSHED , JAIN SACHIN K. Amruthlal , DACCARETT MARCOS , MACHADO CHRISTIAN 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundIn the current age of ever‐increasing healthcare costs, it is of utmost importance to adopt strategies that reduce hospital stay and cost, while still maintaining patient safety. In this study we review our approach of same‐day discharge following implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 415 consecutive patients who underwent ICD implantation for prevention of SCD between 2007 and 2010. Patients were divided into an outpatient group (Group A) and an inpatient group (Group B). We evaluated the patients’ demographics, comorbidities, and the rate of short‐term surgical complications on or before the 2‐week follow‐up appointment.ResultsOf 252 patients included in Group A, 198 (78.6%) were successfully discharged on the same day (Group A1). At the 2‐week wound check appointment, four patients (2%) had minor surgical site bleeding, one patient had a hematoma, and one patient developed fever and swelling around the implantation site. Of the Group A patients, 54 (21.4%) were not discharged on the same day (Group A2). A total of 53 patients were included in Group B, four (7.5%) developed a hematoma at the 2‐week follow‐up wound check visit.ConclusionsProcedure‐related complications after ICD placement are rare. Same‐day discharge is safe and feasible following ICD placement for primary prevention of SCD and hence a reduction in healthcare costs can be achieved by decreasing the length of hospital stay.
Features of lateral cephalograms associated with difficult laryngoscopy in Japanese children undergoing oral and maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Kohjitani Atsushi , Miyawaki Takuya , Miyawaki Shouichi , Nakamura Norifumi , Iwase Yoko , Nishihara Kazuhide , Ohno Sachi , Shimada Masahiko , Sugiyama Kazuna 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundDifficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are occasionally encountered in children with congenital anomalies or micrognathia. However, no study has elucidated anatomical etiology in relation to craniofacial development.MethodsTwo hundred ten patients aged 8 months–18 years were analyzed. We analyzed the lateral cephalograms of: (i) eight patients in whom laryngoscopy was anticipated as difficult before anesthesia and who were unable to be intubated by direct laryngoscopy and needed fiberoptic bronchoscopy (group A); (ii) 11 patients in whom laryngoscopy was anticipated as difficult before anesthesia but who were able to be intubated by direct laryngoscopy (group B); and (iii) 191 patients in whom laryngoscopy was anticipated as easy before anesthesia and was actually found to be easy (group C). Eight cephalometric parameters were measured and age–parameter relationships were plotted. Logistic regression analysis was performed to characterize group A children for each of the cephalometric variables.ResultsApparently insufficient growth of the mandible was observed in the group A children. Furthermore, the group A children of aged <4 years had undeveloped maxilla, longer mandibular plane–hyoid distances (≥1.3 cm), and deeper depth of the oropharynx; those of aged ≥4 years showed increased inclination of the mandible (sella–nasion plane to mandibular plane angle of ≥46.5°).ConclusionsDifficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation are expected in children aged <4 years with lower‐positioned hyoid bone caused by caudal larynx as well as undeveloped maxilla and mandible, and in those aged ≥4 years with increased inclination of the mandible as well as undeveloped mandible.
A closed‐form solution for steady‐state coupled phloem/xylem flow using the Lambert‐W function
Authors: HALL A. J. , MINCHIN P. E. H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA closed‐form solution for steady‐state coupled phloem/xylem flow is presented. This incorporates the basic Münch flow model of phloem transport, the cohesion model of xylem flow, and local variation in the xylem water potential and lateral water flow along the transport pathway. Use of the Lambert‐W function allows this solution to be obtained under much more general and realistic conditions than has previously been possible. Variation in phloem resistance (i.e. viscosity) with solute concentration, and deviations from the Van't Hoff expression for osmotic potential are included. It is shown that the model predictions match those of the equilibrium solution of a numerical time‐dependent model based upon the same mechanistic assumptions. The effect of xylem flow upon phloem flow can readily be calculated, which has not been possible in any previous analytical model. It is also shown how this new analytical solution can handle multiple sources and sinks within a complex architecture, and can describe competition between sinks. The model provides new insights into Münch flow by explicitly including interactions with xylem flow and water potential in the closed‐form solution, and is expected to be useful as a component part of larger numerical models of entire plants.
Pediatric malpractice: An overview of Turkey
Authors: Ozkaya Nesrin , Ozkaya Halit , Ozkara Erdem 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate juridical and medical responsibilities of health‐care professionals accused of malpractice in Turkey while they care for patients under the age of 18.MethodsThe cases sent to the Council of Forensic Medicine Institution by the courts, including claims of medical malpractice (n = 1458), in order to get an expert opinion between 2002 and 2006, were examined retrospectively. Cases of negligence by health‐care professionals who gave medical care to children between the ages of 0 and 18 were evaluated statistically.ResultsThere was medical malpractice in 28.8% of the cases; and 68.2% of the cases were male. A large proportion of the cases were found to occur in emergency departments; and 57.9% of injuries resulted in death. The specialist doctors seemed to be sued or to be accountable for compensation more frequently than the general practitioners. This can be attributed to the fact that they perform more complicated medical interventions.ConclusionsCourts specializing in health legislation may be useful to decrease the time consumed by trials. These specialized courts will also support logical judgment. In addition, postgraduate education is useful in reducing malpractice claims.