bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diel vertical migration and seamount stepping stones promote species connectivity from coastal to offshore insular systems in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Tosetto Everton Giachini , Lett Christophe , Neumann‐Leitão Sigrid , Koch‐Larrouy Ariane , Barrier Nicolas , da Silva Alex Costa , Salvetat Julie , Bertrand Arnaud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe recruitment of marine species in isolated oceanic island systems can be challenged by prevailing currents, as exemplified by the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic. In this region, the Fernando de Noronha ridge hosts several seamounts, the Rocas Atoll and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, which are home to great marine biodiversity. However, along the ridge, the central branch of the South Equatorial Current (cSEC), flowing westward, poses a challenge to the recruitment of organisms toward Fernando de Noronha. To unveil critical insights into the intricate processes shaping biodiversity in these insular ecosystems, we use a dispersal Lagrangian tool to explore the role of diel vertical migration (DVM) to depth strata influenced by the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC), which flows eastward bellow the cSEC, in shaping species dispersal and metacommunity dynamics. Our results show that while not a direct journey, the DVM into SEUC‐influenced strata increases the possibility that the seamounts and the Rocas Atoll act as stepping stones between the continental shelf and Fernando de Noronha. Propagules of organisms originating primarily from the continental shelf are transported to the western seamounts of the ridge. Upon reaching the western seamounts, organisms can find suitable habitats to recruit. The progeny of these communities that migrate to SEUC‐influenced strata have the opportunity to reach suitable habitats at the Rocas Atoll and the Eastern seamounts, ultimately connecting to the Fernando de Noronha archipelago. These results provide scientific fundaments for the development of a functional network of marine protected areas in the Tropical Southwestern Atlantic.
Vertical and horizontal variations in phytoplankton chlorophyll a in response to a looping super typhoon
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhao Hui , Han Guoqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious studies suggested that the increase in surface chlorophyll a (Chl a) is due to nutrient upwelling or to the upward mixing of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer under the influence of tropical cyclones, while often ignoring the influence of the subsurface Chl a minimum layer and horizontal advection on Chl a. In this study, we show the important roles of the upward mixing of the subsurface Chl a minimum layer, horizontal advection, as well as the upwelling of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer, taking a looping super typhoon “Saola” in the northwest Pacific in August 2023 as an example. The temporal and spatial changes of Chl a and its physical properties were investigated by combining satellite, Argo, reanalysis, and model data. The results indicate that the combined effects of the upwelling of the subsurface Chl a maximum layer caused by wind stress curls and concurrent near‐surface wind mixing were responsible for the surface Chl a increase in the looping area during the typhoon, while the 13% increase in the depth‐integrated Chl a after the typhoon is mainly due to the nutrients brought by upwelling and subsequent biochemical processes. In the edge area affected by the typhoon, the surface Chl a decrease during the typhoon was mainly due to the upward mixing of the subsurface Chl a minimum layer (the effect of upwelling in this area is relatively weak). Furthermore, the horizontal advection led to a continuous surface Chl a decrease in the edge area after the typhoon. These findings could enhance understanding of Chl a dynamics post‐tropical cyclones, aiding marine ecosystem prediction.
Exploring Fractional Pigment Toning: A Novel Approach for Treating Benign Pigmented Lesions in Asian Patients With Fitzpatrick Skin Types III–V
Authors: Manuskiatti Woraphong , Hutachoke Thrit , Viriyaskultorn Noldtawat , Li Jayne Bernadeth , Techapichetvanich Thanya , Wanitphakdeedecha Rungsima 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectiveLaser therapy has emerged as a widely favored treatment option for solar lentigines (SL). However, a significant challenge associated with this treatment, particularly among individuals with darker skin tones, is the notable risk of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) induction. In response to these concerns, the authors conducted a prospective, self‐controlled study to comprehensively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 532‐nm picosecond laser, both with and without a microlens array (MLA), for the management of SL in patients with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) III–V.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with FST III–V and bilateral SL on the face underwent randomized treatment. One side of the face was treated with a 532‐nm picosecond laser coupled with an MLA, utilizing the fractional pigment toning (FPT) technique, while the other side received treatment without the MLA, following the conventional technique (CT). The FPT technique utilized a 9‐mm spot size with a fluence of 0.47 J/cm2 for two passes covering 40% of the area. In contrast, the CT used a 4.5‐mm handpiece with fluence ranging from 0.3 to 0.7 J/cm2. Patients received a single treatment and were evaluated for pigment clearance, occurrence of PIH, and other adverse effects at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment.ResultsTwenty‐seven participants completed the study protocol. Analysis of pigment clearance, measured via 3D photography, showed significant improvement from 2 weeks to 6 months posttreatment for both the FPT technique (p < 0.001) and CT (p = 0.004). PIH occurred in 64%, 80%, 96%, and 88% of cases on the CT side, compared to 8%, 32%, 36%, and 16% on the FPT technique side at 2 weeks, 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment, respectively. The incidence of PIH was significantly lower on the FPT technique side compared to the CT side throughout the follow‐up periods. Additionally, transient and mild hypopigmentation occurred in one participant (4%) on the FPT technique side and in five participants (20%) on the CT side. No other adverse effects were observed during the study.ConclusionsThe 532‐nm picosecond laser emerges as a safe and efficacious treatment modality for SL in individuals with FST III–V. Particularly noteworthy is the efficacy of the FPT technique, which demonstrates comparable effectiveness while significantly reducing the incidence of PIH compared to the CT.
Sulfated Alginate for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Mutch Alexandra L. , Yang Jiankun , Ferro Vito , A Anitha , Grøndahl Lisbeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlginate (Alg) polymers have received much attention due to the mild conditions required for gel formation and their good bio‐acceptability. However, due to limited interactions with cells, many drugs, and biomolecules, chemically modified alginates are of great interest. Sulfated alginate (S–Alg) is a promising heparin‐mimetic that continues to be investigated both as a drug molecule and as a component of biomaterials. Herein, the S–Alg literature of the past five years (2017–2023) is reviewed. Several methods used to synthesize S–Alg are described, with a focus on new advances in characterization and stereoselectivity. Material fabrication is another focus and spans bulk materials, particles, scaffolds, coatings, and part of multicomponent biomaterials. The new application of S–Alg as an antitumor agent is highlighted together with studies evaluating safety and biodistribution. The high binding affinity of S–Alg for various drugs and heparin‐binding proteins is exploited extensively in biomaterial design to tune the encapsulation and release of these agents and this aspect is covered in detail. Recommondations include publishing key material properties to allow reproducibility, careful selection of appropriate sulfation strategies, the use of cross–linking strategies other than ionic cross–linking for material fabrication, and more detailed toxicity and biodistribution studies to inform future work.
Early prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy for mass breast cancer based on dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging radiomics
Authors: Cao Pei‐Wei , Deng Xue‐Ying , Pan Yue‐Peng , Nan Shuai‐Ming , Yu Chang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRadiomics uses automated algorithms to extract high‐order features from images, which can contribute to clinical decisions such as therapeutic efficacy evaluation. We assessed the value of a dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI)‐based radiomics model for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) after a second cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with mass breast cancer. We retrospectively analyzed data from 149 patients with mass breast cancer who underwent NAC between January 2017 and December 2022. Using DCE‐MRI, before NAC and after a second cycle of NAC, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression (LR) algorithms were applied for feature selection and radiomics modeling. We found significant differences in two clinical imaging features (molecular subtypes, background parenchymal enhancement changes) and two radiomics features. Clinical and radiomics features were employed to build clinical, radiomics, and combined models to predict pCR. The LR model that combined clinical and radiomics features had an area under the curve of 0.811, higher than that for the imaging or radiomics model. Our findings suggest that a combined model based on imaging and radiomics features can improve early prediction of NAC efficacy for patients with mass breast cancer.
PhoenixMR: A GPU‐based MRI simulation framework with runtime‐dynamic code execution
Authors: Duncan‐Gelder Phillip , O'Keeffe Darin , Bones Phil , Marsh Steven 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSimulations of physical processes and behavior can provide unique insights and understanding of real‐world problems. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique with several components of complexity. Several of these components have been characterized and simulated in the past. However, several computational challenges prevent simulations from being simultaneously fast, flexible, and accurate.PurposeThe simulation of MRI experiments is underutilized by medical physicists and researchers using currently available simulators due to reasons including speed, accuracy, and extensibility constraints. This paper introduces an innovative MRI simulation engine and framework that aims to overcome these issues making available realistic and fast MRI simulation.MethodsUsing the CUDA C/C++ programing language, an MRI simulation engine (PhoenixMR), incorporating a Turing‐complete virtual machine (VM) to simulate abstract spatiotemporal complexities, was developed. This engine solves a set of time‐discrete Bloch equations using the symmetric operator splitting technique. An extensible front‐end framework package (written in Python) aids the use of PhoenixMR to simplify simulation development.ResultsThe PhoenixMR library and front‐end codes have been developed and tested. A set of example simulations were performed to demonstrate the ease of use and flexibility of simulation components such as geometrical setup, pulse sequence design, phantom design, and so forth. Initial validation of PhoenixMR is performed by comparing its accuracy and performance against a widely used MRI simulator using identical simulation parameters. Validation results show PhoenixMR simulations are three orders of magnitude faster. There is also strong agreement between models.ConclusionsA novel MRI simulation platform called PhoenixMR has been introduced. This research tool is designed to be usable by physicists and engineers interested in performing MRI simulations. Examples are shown demonstrating the accuracy, flexibility, and usability of PhoenixMR in several key areas of MRI simulation.
Predicting success using response after lead implantation with sacral neuromodulation for urgency incontinence
Authors: Hendrickson Whitney K. , Zhang Chong , Hokanson James A. , Nygaard Ingrid E. , Presson Angela P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractImportanceMany women report inadequate symptom control after sacral neuromodulation (SNM), despite 50% reduction in urgency incontinence episodes (UUIE) after test stimulation.ObjectiveTo determine the ideal percent UUIE reduction after test stimulation that predicts 24‐month success.Study DesignUsing data from a multicenter SNM trial, we constructed receiver operating characteristic curves to identify an ideal threshold of percent UUIE reduction after test stimulation. We defined 24‐month success as Patient Global Impression of Improvement of “very much better” to “better.” We compared predictive accuracy of two models predicting success: (1) percent UUIE reduction alone and (2) with baseline characteristics.ResultsOf 149 women (median [IQR] baseline daily UUIE 4.7 [3.7, 6.0]), the ideal threshold for 24‐month success was 72% (95% confidence interval 64,76%) UUIE reduction with accuracy 0.54 (0.42, 0.66), sensitivity 0.71 (0.56, 0.86) and specificity 0.27 (0.05, 0.55). The accuracy of the 50% reduction threshold was 0.60 (0.49, 0.71), sensitivity 0.95 (0.88, 1.0) and specificity 0.04 (0.0, 0.12). Percent reduction in UUIE was not better than chance in predicting 24‐month success (concordance index [c‐index] 0.47 [0.46, 0.62]); adding age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and visual or hearing impairment the c‐index was 0.68 (0.61, 0.78).ConclusionsAmong women who received an internal pulse generator (IPG) due to ≥50% UUIE reduction after test stimulation, we found no ideal threshold that better predicted 24‐month success. Percent reduction in UUIE after test stimulation poorly predicts 24‐month success with or without clinical factors. Given this, re‐evaluating how we determine who should receive an IPG is needed.
Applying the 2022 ASPEN adult nutrition support guidelines in a 2024 ICU
Authors: Cogle Sarah V. , Hallum Madeleine , Mulherin Diana W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn update to the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines for nutrition provision in critically ill adults was published in 2022. In contrast to the previous set of guidelines published in 2016, the revised guidelines selected only studies meeting specific criteria for scientific rigor and only considered publications reflecting more modern intensive care unit (ICU) practices (studies between January 1, 2001, and July 15, 2020). No consensus recommendations were included. Although these methods limited the number of recommendations made and the applicability to current ICU practices, important implications for patient care were evaluated and acknowledged. The literature supporting guideline recommendations that impact parenteral nutrition management is summarized in this review, along with key studies published after the guidelines were revised. Considerations for practical application of this evidence, along with limitations and future guideline directions, are also described.
The impact of digital learning on Saudi nursing students' engagement: A qualitative study
Authors: Al‐Osaimi Dalyal Nader 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the perception of nursing students regarding their engagement in digital learning environments.DesignAt one of universities in Saudi Arabia, a qualitative descriptive study design was used among nursing students from various academic levels.MethodsData were collected using focus group discussions among a sample of 23 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. The COREQ Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research were used to report this study.ResultsWhile sharing their perceptions the nursing students reflected on the behavioural and cognitive aspects of engagement, yet they did not include emotional aspects of engagement in their conceptualization. However, the results showed that, while they reflected on their experiences they tended to reflect on emotional aspects of engagement. According to the study's results, self‐paced studying, reflective exercises, and interaction with audiovisual and dynamic content all encourage the activation of past knowledge in online learning. The learning modality also was found to be a safe and convenient approach among the participating students. Digital learning presents as a promising educational approach that extends beyond the pandemic yet, efforts should be put in place to facilitate the optimal student engagement to meet learning outcomes. Further research is needed to measure its impact on engagement and other pertinent indicators objectively.
Effect of magnesium content on dielectric properties and corona resistance of Si‐B‐Mg/epoxy resin composites
Authors: Wang Boxuan , Chen Hao , Zhao Wei , Weng Ling , Zhou Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo improve the dielectric properties and corona resistance of epoxy resins (EPs), the authors designed and synthesized Si‐B‐Mg/EP nanocomposites and investigated the effects of varying the magnesium elemental content on the dielectric properties, breakdown field strength, corona resistance life, volume resistivity and conductive current of Si‐B‐Mg/EP nanocomposites. The experimental results show that when the molar ratio of Si, B, and Mg in the Si‐B‐Mg composite oxide is 18:2:0.125, the composite has the minor dielectric loss and the most extensive corona resistance life of 401.8 min, which is 4.6 times that of the pure EPs. From the experimental results, the introduction of magnesium can effectively improve the dielectric loss and corona resistance of Si‐B‐Mg/EP composites.Highlights
Si‐B‐Mg composite oxides were designed and synthesized.
Performance analysis of Si‐B‐Mg/EP composites with different magnesium content
The introduction of magnesium reduces the dielectric loss of composites.
The introduction of magnesium improves the corona resistance life of composites.
Si‐B‐Mg/EP composites with both low dielectric loss and high corona resistance.
Lactated Ringer's versus normal saline in the management of acute diabetic ketoacidosis (RINSE‐DKA)
Authors: Jamison Auriene , Mohamed Adham , Chedester Courtney , Klindworth Kyle , Hamarshi Majdi , Sembroski Erik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionA mainstay in the acute management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is fluid resuscitation. Normal saline is recommended by the American Diabetes Association; however, it has been associated with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Limited literature is available to determine the most appropriate crystalloid fluid to treat patients with DKA.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare lactated Ringer's (LR) to normal saline (NS) in the acute management of DKA.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter single health system cohort study. The primary outcome was to evaluate the time to high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) resolution using LR compared to NS. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of nongap metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, acute kidney injury, and new renal replacement therapy. Other secondary outcomes included insulin infusion duration and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay. The Cox proportional hazards model was used for the primary outcome.ResultsA total of 771 patient encounters were included. Lactated Ringer's was associated with faster time to HAGMA resolution compared to NS (adjusted hazard ratio 1.325; 95% confidence interval 1.121–1.566; p < 0.001). No difference was found in complications such as incidence of nongap metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia, acute kidney injury, and new renal replacement therapy between the LR and NS groups. Additionally, there was no difference in insulin infusion duration and hospital or intensive care unit length of stay.ConclusionTreatment with LR as the primary crystalloid for acute DKA management was associated with faster HAGMA resolution compared with NS. Similar incidence in complications and length of stay was observed between the two groups. The findings of this study add to the accumulating literature suggesting that balanced crystalloids may offer an advantage over NS for the treatment of patients with DKA.
Ten years of walk the line
Authors: Forest Jerry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile the process safety principles conduct of operations, operational discipline, and operational readiness, have been a part of risk‐based process safety since the inception, recognizing the need for a formal management system connecting them and optimizing their value is a more recent concept introduced around 2010 with Walk the Line. Conduct of operations is concerned with how work is done in a manufacturing unit to produce consistent results. The philosophy behind Walk the Line is that to successfully produce consistent results, there are elements of leadership identifying the right tools, operators executing tasks correctly, and technical people monitoring results and changing the tools for continuous improvement. Each of these disciplines, management, operational, and engineering should be in place to ensure consistent performance and repeatable results. This paper reflects on the last 10 years of Walk the Line and highlights features of the conduct of operations model that supports a sustainable management system, continuous improvement, and reduction of process safety incidents.
Designing Corrugated Board Properties to Mitigate Puncturing Impacts Occurring in E‐Commerce or Other Demanding Parcel Handling Distribution Chains
Authors: Holmvall Martin , Holmgren Mats , Rosdahl Matilda 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe growth of e‐commerce trade has led to more parcel shipments, causing an increase in corrugated board box packaging. Individually shipped boxes often sustain more damage, like crushing or puncturing, compared to pallet‐transported boxes. In contrast to the known relationships between containerboard properties and box compressive strength, there is no standard method for designing corrugated board against puncturing, which can result in damages, customer dissatisfaction and costly returns. A hole is typically seen as a severe compromise to package integrity, whereas some crushed boxes can be acceptable for nonfragile items. Addressing this, this research has focused on developing design equations linking containerboard and corrugated board properties to resistance against puncturing. These equations give the energy loss of an impacting object that would cause a hole and define the energy absorbance limit of the material. The equations enable material design aimed at minimizing puncturing risks based on specific distribution chain conditions, like fall heights and velocities.