bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing single-cell bisulfite sequencing data with MethSCAn
Authors: Kremer Lukas P. M. , Braun Martina M. , Ovchinnikova Svetlana , Küchenhoff Leonie , Cerrizuela Santiago , Martin-Villalba Ana , Anders Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSingle-cell bisulfite sequencing (scBS) is a technique that enables the assessment of DNA methylation at single-base pair and single-cell resolution. The analysis of large datasets obtained from scBS requires preprocessing to reduce the data size, improve the signal-to-noise ratio and provide interpretability. Typically, this is achieved by dividing the genome into large tiles and averaging the methylation signals within each tile. Here we demonstrate that this coarse-graining approach can lead to signal dilution. We propose improved strategies to identify more informative regions for methylation quantification and a more accurate quantitation method than simple averaging. Our approach enables better discrimination of cell types and other features of interest and reduces the need for large numbers of cells. We also present an approach to detect differentially methylated regions between groups of cells and demonstrate its ability to identify biologically meaningful regions that are associated with genes involved in the core functions of specific cell types. Finally, we present the software tool MethSCAn for scBS data analysis (https://anders-biostat.github.io/MethSCAn).
Prevalence and risk factors of self-reported hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness in a population-based sample from rural northeastern Germany
Authors: Ihler Friedrich , Brzoska Tina , Altindal Reyhan , Dziemba Oliver , Völzke Henry , Busch Chia-Jung , Ittermann Till 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA close anatomical and physiological relationship is known between the senses of hearing and balance, while an additional pathophysiological interaction is supposed. The mechanisms underlying this association are not yet fully understood, especially in individuals without a known specific otologic disorder. In particular, only scarce information on the combined occurrence of audiovestibular sensory impairment is available so far. Therefore, this study aims to provide further insight into the prevalence and co-prevalence of the audiovestibular symptoms hearing loss, tinnitus and dizziness. Additionally, the influence of potential risk factors from lifestyle habits as well as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions on the development of those symptoms is studied. Data was analyzed from 8134 individuals from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP). SHIP pursues a broad and comprehensive examination program in chronologically separated cohorts with longitudinal follow-up. Cohorts are sampled from Western Pomerania, a rural region of north-eastern Germany. The study population represents a cross-sectional analysis from the cohorts SHIP-START (recruited 1997–2001) and SHIP-TREND (recruited 2008–2012), sampled for baseline investigations (SHIP-START-0 and SHIP-TREND-0) at the age of 20–79 years. Audiovestibular symptoms as outcome variables were assessed by structured questionnaires. Additionally, individuals were comprehensively characterized regarding modifiable lifestyle factors as well as cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, allowing the assessment of their role as exposure variables. We calculated a weighted prevalence of 14.2% for hearing loss, 9.7% for tinnitus, and 13.5% for dizziness in the population. Prevalence increased with age and differed among the sexes. A considerable share of 28.0% of the investigated individuals reported more than one symptom at once. The prevalence of hearing loss as well as tinnitus increased between the two cohorts. A moderate positive correlation was found between the occurrence of hearing loss and tinnitus (phi-coefficient 0.318). In multivariable regression analyses, education was identified as a significant protective factor while only smoking was significantly associated with all three symptoms. Furthermore, several cardiovascular risk factors contributed to both hearing loss and dizziness. In conclusion, audiovestibular symptoms are highly prevalent in the investigated population. A considerable but complex influence of risk factors points towards a relation with neuronal as well as cardiovascular disease processes. To clarify the underlying mechanisms, the interaction between the senses of hearing and balance as well as the mode of action of the risk factors should be evaluated in more detail in the future.
Tilted stripes origin in La1.88Sr0.12CuO4 revealed by anisotropic next-nearest neighbor hopping
Authors: He Wei , Wen Jiajia , Jiang Hong-Chen , Xu Guangyong , Tian Wei , Taniguchi Takanori , Ikeda Yoichi , Fujita Masaki , Lee Young S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpin- and charge- stripe order has been extensively studied in the superconducting cuprates, among which underdoped La2−xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) is an archetype with static spin stripes at low temperatures. An intriguing, but not completely understood, phenomenon in LSCO is that the stripes are tilted away from the high-symmetry Cu-Cu directions. Using high-resolution neutron scattering on LSCO with x = 0.12, we find two coexisting phases at low temperatures, one with static spin stripes and the other with fluctuating ones, both sharing the same tilt angle. Our numerical calculations using the doped Hubbard model elucidate the tilting’s origin, attributing it to anisotropic next-nearest neighbor hopping $${t}^{{\prime} }$$

t

′

, consistent with the material’s slight orthorhombicity. Our results underscore the model’s success in describing specific details of the ground state of this real material and highlight the role of $${t}^{{\prime} }$$

t

′

in the Hamiltonian, revealing the delicate interplay between stripes and superconductivity across theoretical and experimental contexts.
Audiograms and Prevalence of Hearing Loss in U.S. Children and Adolescents 6–19 Years of Age
Authors: Humes Larry 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine median audiograms and prevalence of hearing loss for U.S. 6- to 19-year-olds.

Method:

U.S. national audiometric data for 2,709 six- to 19-year-olds from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 were analyzed. Analyses were primarily descriptive and relied on distribution-free medians, cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), and population-weighted prevalence estimates. Differences between CDFs were examined using Cohen's
h
effect size. Results are presented for the age range of 6–19 years. Main effects of sex, age, and race/ethnicity were examined.

Results:
Differences in the audiograms between the sexes and among the various race/ethnicity groups were minor, but age group differences were notable. Pure-tone thresholds at 500 and 8000 Hz for the 6- to 9-year age group were 3–5 dB higher (worse) than those of the other age groups. The overall prevalence of hearing loss among 6- to 19-year-olds, defined as either of the pure-tone averages (PTAs) for 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz (PTA512) or 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz (PTA3468k) exceeding 15 dB HL in either ear, was 11.24% (95% confidence interval [10.00%, 12.48%]). Binary logistic regression analyses found the odds of hearing loss to be significantly higher for individuals from families with a low income as well as for those with abnormal otoscopy or abnormal tympanometry.

Conclusions:
For children and adolescents in the United States, hearing was unaffected by differences in sex and race/ethnicity, with only age impacting pure-tone thresholds and only at the lowest (500 Hz) and highest (8000 Hz) frequencies examined. The overall prevalence of hearing loss was about 11%.
Design of chaotic circuit based on Knowm memristor
Authors: Wang Fuping , Wang Faqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMost previous works in the field of nonlinear memristive chaotic systems mainly focus on non‐material memristor while seldom on material memristor. In this letter, the model and the corresponding parameter identification of the Knowm memristor is presented. The chaotic circuit based on the Knowm memristor is designed. Equilibrium points and stability of this Knowm‐memristor‐based chaotic system is analyzed. Nonlinear dynamic behavior is presented by the bifurcation diagram and Lyapunov exponents. Finally, the hardware circuit of this Knowm‐memristor‐based chaotic system is designed and the experimental results are presented for confirmation.
Deep learning‐based location prediction in VANET
Authors: Rezazadeh Nafiseh , Amirabadi Mohammad Ali , Kahaei Mohammad Hossein 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, Vehicular Ad‐hoc Network (VANET) has become an essential component of intelligent transportation systems that, along with the previous systems such as traffic condition, accident alert, automatic parking, and cruise control, use the communication of vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to the roadside unit to facilitate road transportation. Several challenges hinder efforts to improve traffic conditions and reduce traffic fatalities through VANET. A critical challenge is achieving highly accurate and reliable vehicle localization within the VANET. Additionally, the frequent unavailability of Global Positioning System (GPS), particularly in tunnels and parking lots, presents another significant obstacle. Traditional methods like Dead Reckoning offer low accuracy and reliability due to accumulating errors. Similarly, GPS positioning, map matching with mobile phone location services, and other existing solutions struggle with accuracy and economic feasibility. In this article, two Kalman filter approaches are used based on signal statistical information and the other learning‐based networks, including traditional neural network, deep neural network and LSTM (long short‐term memory) to locate the car. The prediction error of car position with root mean square measures. The squared error and distance prediction error are evaluated. It is shown that in terms of prediction time and processing time of vehicle localization, all the vehicle localization methods are efficient in terms of response time for localization, and Kalman filter methods, traditional neural network and deep neural network are faster than LSTM method. Also, in terms of localization error, Kalman filter works better than learning‐based methods, and in learning‐based methods, both deep neural network and LSTM methods perform better than traditional neural network in terms of localization error.
A high‐power, high‐isolation, dual‐polarised planar phased array antenna
Authors: Jiang Junxing , Xiao Shaoqiu , Zhang Yiming , Xie Shaoyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA high‐power, high‐isolation, dual‐polarised planar phased array antenna is presented. Based on a multi‐layer microstrip structure, two sets of polarisation ports are fed through orthogonal slot coupling, achieving high isolation and low cross‐polarisation. Double‐layer radiation patches and cavity interlayers are used to expand the bandwidth and increase the gain. Metal vias are added around microstrip feeders and between array units to suppress surface waves, thereby improving the scanning performance of the phased array. A smooth gradient microstrip structure is designed to improve the power capacity while realising broadband impedance matching. The measured results show that in the 8–10 GHz frequency band, the isolation of the dual polarisation ports is greater than 50 dB, and the impedance bandwidth reaches 22.2%, with active VSWR <1.5 when not scanning. Both sets of polarisation can achieve 2‐D beam scanning in the range of E‐plane ±20° and H‐plane ±40° without grating lobes, maintaining the scan loss below 2.4 dB, cross‐polarisation below −20 dB and active VSWR <2. Each unit achieves a high gain of 7.4 dB and large power capacity of 5 kW; so the entire 8 × 8 phased array can achieve a main lobe gain of 25.5 dB and realise high‐power directional radiation with the effective isotropic radiated power of 92.5 dBm. The proposed planar antenna has a low profile of 5.5 mm (0.17λ0).
Die präventive Flexionsosteotomie am Tibiakopf
Authors: Reuter Benoit , Perl Mario , Dickschas Jörg 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie folgende Falldarstellung berichtet über eine präventive Tibiakopf-Flexionsosteotomie bei einem jugendlichen Patienten, bei welchem ein erniedrigter posteriorer Slope des Tibiakopfes vorlag. Der Patient zeigte sich zu diesem Zeitpunkt symptomfrei und ohne Instabilität. MR-tomografisch zeigte sich jedoch eine ausgeprägte Veränderung des hinteren Kreuzbandes, was als Indikation zur Osteotomie interpretiert wurde. Die OP-Technik und das postoperative Resultat werden dargestellt. Das postoperative MRT zeigt eine Reorganisation des hinteren Kreuzbandes in eine physiologische Konfiguration.
Survivorship of Primary NexGen Knee Replacement: Comparing Cementless Trabecular Metal to Other Designs of Tibial Component
Authors: Ayoola Ayooluwa S. , Charters Michael A. , Raja Hamza M. , Weseman Luke , Lewis Peter L. , Peng Yi , North Wayne Trevor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of cementless trabecular metal (TM) implants on implant survivorship are not well delineated. This study compares primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) revision rates of cemented knee replacements with two cementless knee replacement designs—cementless TM and a non-TM cementless design. Data from a national registry queried TKA procedures performed for osteoarthritis from 1999 to 2020. The risk of revision of Zimmer NexGen TKA using cementless TM, cementless non-TM, and cemented non-TM were compared. Analyses included Kaplan–Meier estimates of survivorship and Cox hazard ratios (HR), stratified by age and gender. Cementless TM components had higher risks of revision compared with cementless non-TM implants (HR = 1.49; p ≤ 0.001). Cementless TM implants showed higher risks of revision compared with cemented non-TM prostheses for the first 2 years (HR = 1.75, p < 0.001). Non-TM prostheses posed equal risk of revision for cementless and cemented fixations (HR = 0.95, p = 0.522). Patients aged 55 to 64 years and 65 to 74 years had a higher risk of revision for cementless TM compared with cementless non-TM (HR = 1.40, p = 0.033 and HR = 1.79, p < 0.001, respectively) and cemented non-TM implants (HR = 1.51, p < 0.001 and HR = 1.54, p < 0.001, respectively). The study shows there is an increased risk of revision with TM cementless implants for patients aged 55 to 74 years. These results do not support the use of TM tibial implants for patients of this age group for primary TKA.
Impact of Joint Laxity on 2-Year KOOS Outcomes of Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Randall Amber L. , Wakelin Edgar A. , Kah James , Keggi John M. , Koenig Jan A. , DeClaire Jeffrey H. , Ponder Corey E. , Lawrence Jeffrey M. , Plaskos Christopher 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine relationships between intraoperative posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sacrificing posterior stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) laxity measurements throughout flexion and patient outcomes at 2 years post-TKA and to define clinically relevant laxity thresholds to optimize patient outcomes.In a single-surgeon study, PCL sacrificing TKA using a robotics-assisted platform with a digital joint tensioning device was performed in 115 knees in 115 patients. Final intraoperative joint laxity was recorded, and 2-year Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOSs) were obtained. A Simulated Annealing optimization algorithm was used to identify medial and lateral laxity windows which maximized the 2-year KOOS pain score. Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used to compare outcomes between groups.Significant associations were found between intraoperative joint laxity and 2-year KOOS pain outcomes throughout flexion. Clinically relevant laxity windows were defined medially and laterally in mid-flexion and flexion for improved outcomes, whereas only a lateral laxity window could be defined in extension. When all laxity windows were satisfied, a 14.5-KOOS point improvement was found (97.2 vs. 77.8, p = 0.0060) compared to knees which did not satisfy any window. Improvements in Activities of Daily Living (Δ8.8, p = 0.0143), Sports (Δ22.5, p = 0.0108), and Quality of Life (Δ18.7, p = 0.0011) KOOS subscores were also found in knees which satisfied all windows versus 0–1 window.Intraoperative joint laxity is associated with postoperative outcomes in a PS knee design, wherein patients balanced within identified laxity targets reported improved outcomes over those that did not. Clinically significant thresholds were defined and were predominately found in mid-flexion and flexion for medial and lateral laxity. When target windows were combined further improved outcomes were identified.
Profound Pneumocephalus and Low-Pressure Hydrocephalus Triggered by Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement after Resection, Fat Graft Reconstruction, and Radiotherapy for a Malignant Skull Base Schwannoma
Authors: Stevens Baylee , Bialek Shannan , Zhao Kyle , Maqusi Suhair , Rassi Edward El , Tan Jeremy , Graffeo Christopher S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Tension pneumocephalus is a rare postoperative complication, typically presenting with mental status changes or rapid neurological decline after craniotomy. We report a complex case of tension pneumocephalus triggered by graft retraction after ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement.
Case History A 39-year-old woman with a recurrent left trigeminal cavernous sinus schwannoma, status post one prior resection, two stereotactic radiosurgery treatments, and one course of fractionated radiotherapy, underwent radical resection with orbital exenteration and abdominal fat free graft reconstruction followed by adjuvant radiotherapy for malignant transformation. She developed subacute ventriculomegaly with altered mental status, prompting VP shunt placement. Three weeks later, she presented with profound pneumocephalus and intraventricular air originating from a large, left-sided sphenoid and maxillary defect, from which the fat graft had retracted. A right frontal external ventricular drain (EVD) was placed, resulting in immediate release of air under high pressure. Definitive treatment required skull base reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi free flap, contralateral nasoseptal flap, antibiotics, and VP shunt revision for treatment of combined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, pneumocephalus, ventriculitis, and low-pressure hydrocephalus. As of her last follow-up, she was restored to her initial postresection neurological baseline.
Conclusion Tension pneumocephalus is a rare and life-threatening emergency that requires immediate neurosurgical intervention. We report the index case of tension pneumocephalus induced by graft retraction following radiotherapy and CSF diversion. Where observed, tension pneumocephalus resulting from a skull base CSF leak may be associated with low-pressure hydrocephalus, and successful long-term management demands balancing the need for CSF diversion against the integrity of the skull base reconstruction.
Synthesis of Chiral L2/Z-Type Ligands Featuring a Bisoxazoline Framework and Their Application to Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Murakami Ryo , Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Takahashi Hikaru , Shibata Takashi , Naito Daisuke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChiral L2/Z*-type ligands featuring a bisoxazoline framework have been successfully synthesized and applied in asymmetric allylic alkylation. These ligands, designed based on an oxazoline skeleton and derived from chiral amino acid derivatives, incorporate antimony and bismuth as Z-type ligands. Ligands with bulky, electron-withdrawing groups on antimony and bismuth showed enhanced catalytic performance. This research highlights the potential of these novel chiral L2/Z*-type ligands to improve asymmetric catalysis.
Liver Transplantation for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Soliman Nadine , Connor Ashton A. , Kodali Sudha , Ghobrial Rafik Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are highly aggressive, primary liver cancers with rising incidence and mortality rates. The current 5-year overall survival is less than 20%. There are no standardized screening protocols, and current diagnostic methods include serum biomarkers and imaging techniques with suboptimal sensitivities and specificities. The most commonly used treatment options, including combination systemic therapies, locoregional therapies, and surgical resection, offer improving but nonetheless limited progression-free and overall survival. Liver transplantation has shown promising results as a potentially curative treatment for two types of CCA, namely, perihilar and intrahepatic. However, the evidence is largely from retrospective series of small to moderate sample sizes. There is a need to define optimal types and sequencing of neoadjuvant and adjuvant peritransplant therapies, as well as criteria for CCA patient transplant eligibility. Here, we conduct a granular review of the evidence available on every step of the transplant care pathway for perihilar and intrahepatic CCA patients. We aim to inform best practices to inform future avenues of research and maximize the number of patients eligible for this potentially life-prolonging therapy.
Imaging in Abdominal Tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Goyal Ankur , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Kedia Saurabh , Ahuja Vineet , Sharma Raju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is challenging due to its variable imaging appearance, which can mimic several other conditions. This review covers the imaging spectrum of tubercular involvement of abdominal lymph nodes, peritoneum, solid abdominal viscera, and the gastrointestinal tract. Tubercular lymphadenitis is the most frequent manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis and may show necrosis. Peritoneal tuberculosis is the next most commonly involved site in the abdomen and can be of wet, fibrotic, and dry forms. The ileocecal region is the most common site of involvement in gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Solid visceral involvement mostly affects the liver and spleen causing hepatosplenomegaly with a micronodular or macronodular imaging pattern. Awareness of the spectrum of imaging manifestations and a high index of suspicion is required to reach the correct diagnosis.
Effects of neutral gas pressure on calibration parameters of resistive bolometer sensors in fusion devices
Authors: Meister H. , Jahanbakhsh S. , Zhang D. , Ingesson L.C. , Pataki A. 
Published: July 2024

Ambient pressure may influence the thermal path between the absorber and heat sink of resistive bolometers and thus impact the calibration parameters. This effect is investigated for metal resistive bolometer sensors as used in bolometer diagnostics on fusion experiments. Measurements in the test facility IBOVAC indicate that pressure has no effect up to 10−3 mbar. However, a significant change in the cooling time constant is observed for pressures above 10−2 mbar, a reduction up to a factor of three at 1 mbar. The measurements performed in N2 and He atmospheres and simulations in H2 indicate no difference between the results from different gas species up to 10−3 mbar and less than 10 % up to 0.1 mbar. A model based on the thermal conductivity of the surrounding gas combined with the geometry of the sensor holder successfully demonstrates that the additional cooling path through the gas, which may vary between the measurement and reference absorbers, can explain the measurement results. Applying the model to the geometry of a sensor holder designed for port-mounted bolometer cameras in ITER led to design modifications that should help reduce the impact of high environmental pressures on the bolometer measurements. Similarly, it can be assumed that applying the model to the geometries and sensors of operating bolometer diagnostics can help correct the measurements and improve the understanding of plasma radiation in the case of high pressures at the location of bolometer sensors.