bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk determination and prevention of breast cancer
Authors: Howell Anthony , Anderson Annie S , Clarke Robert B , Duffy Stephen W , Evans D Gareth , Garcia-Closas Montserat , Gescher Andy J , Key Timothy J , Saxton John M , Harvie Michelle N 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBreast cancer is an increasing public health problem. Substantial advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, but the introduction of methods to predict women at elevated risk and prevent the disease has been less successful. Here, we summarize recent data on newer approaches to risk prediction, available approaches to prevention, how new approaches may be made, and the difficult problem of using what we already know to prevent breast cancer in populations. During 2012, the Breast Cancer Campaign facilitated a series of workshops, each covering a specialty area of breast cancer to identify gaps in our knowledge. The risk-and-prevention panel involved in this exercise was asked to expand and update its report and review recent relevant peer-reviewed literature. The enlarged position paper presented here highlights the key gaps in risk-and-prevention research that were identified, together with recommendations for action. The panel estimated from the relevant literature that potentially 50% of breast cancer could be prevented in the subgroup of women at high and moderate risk of breast cancer by using current chemoprevention (tamoxifen, raloxifene, exemestane, and anastrozole) and that, in all women, lifestyle measures, including weight control, exercise, and moderating alcohol intake, could reduce breast cancer risk by about 30%. Risk may be estimated by standard models potentially with the addition of, for example, mammographic density and appropriate single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This review expands on four areas: (a) the prediction of breast cancer risk, (b) the evidence for the effectiveness of preventive therapy and lifestyle approaches to prevention, (c) how understanding the biology of the breast may lead to new targets for prevention, and (d) a summary of published guidelines for preventive approaches and measures required for their implementation. We hope that efforts to fill these and other gaps will lead to considerable advances in our efforts to predict risk and prevent breast cancer over the next 10 years.
Dynamic evolution of clonal epialleles revealed by methclone
Authors: Li Sheng , Garrett-Bakelman Francine , Perl Alexander E , Luger Selina M , Zhang Chao , To Bik L , Lewis Ian D , Brown Anna L , D’Andrea Richard J , Ross M Elizabeth , Levine Ross , Carroll Martin , Melnick Ari , Mason Christopher E 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe describe methclone, a novel method to identify epigenetic loci that harbor large changes in the clonality of their epialleles (epigenetic alleles). Methclone efficiently analyzes genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing data. We quantify the changes using a composition entropy difference calculation and also introduce a new measure of global clonality shift, loci with epiallele shift per million loci covered, which enables comparisons between different samples to gauge overall epiallelic dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of methclone in capturing functional epiallele shifts in leukemia patients from diagnosis to relapse. Methclone is open-source and freely available at https://code.google.com/p/methclone.
Genotype-phenotype correlation in Japanese patients with familial Mediterranean fever: differences in genotype and clinical features between Japanese and Mediterranean populations
Authors: Kishida Dai , Nakamura Akinori , Yazaki Masahide , Tsuchiya-Suzuki Ayako , Matsuda Masayuki , Ikeda Shu-ichi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent self-limiting fever and serositis that mainly affects Mediterranean populations. Many patients with FMF have been reported in Japan due to increasing recognition of this condition and the availability of genetic analysis for the gene responsible, MEFV. The present study was performed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of Japanese FMF patients and to examine the precise genotype-phenotype correlation in a large cohort of Japanese FMF patients.

Methods
We analyzed the MEFV genotypes and clinical manifestations in 116 patients clinically diagnosed as having FMF and with at least one mutation.

Results
The most frequent mutation in Japanese patients was E148Q (40.2%), followed by M694I (21.0%), L110P (18.8%), P369S (5.4%), and R408Q (5.4%). In contrast, common mutations seen in Mediterranean patients, such as M694V, V726A, and M680I, were not detected in this population. The clinical features with M694I were associated with more severe clinical course compared to those seen with E148Q. P369S/R408Q showed variable phenotypes with regard to both clinical manifestations and severity. Patients with M694I showed a very favorable response to colchicine therapy, while those with P369S and R408Q did not.

Conclusions
Clinical features and efficacy of treatment in Japanese FMF patients vary widely according to the specific MEFV gene mutation, and therefore genetic analysis should be performed for diagnosis in cases of Japanese FMF.
Aromatic-turmerone induces neural stem cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hucklenbroich Joerg , Klein Rebecca , Neumaier Bernd , Graf Rudolf , Fink Gereon Rudolf , Schroeter Michael , Rueger Maria Adele 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Aromatic (ar-) turmerone is a major bioactive compound of the herb Curcuma longa. It has been suggested that ar-turmerone inhibits microglia activation, a property that may be useful in treating neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, the effects of ar-turmerone on neural stem cells (NSCs) remain to be investigated.

Methods
We exposed primary fetal rat NSCs to various concentrations of ar-turmerone. Thereafter, cell proliferation and differentiation potential were assessed. In vivo, naïve rats were treated with a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of ar-turmerone. Proliferative activity of endogenous NSCs was assessed in vivo, by using noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the tracer [18F]-fluoro-L-thymidine ([18F]FLT), as well as ex vivo.

Results
In vitro, ar-turmerone increased dose-dependently the number of cultured NSCs, because of an increase in NSC proliferation (P < 0.01). Proliferation data were supported by qPCR-data for Ki-67 mRNA. In vitro as well as in vivo, ar-turmerone promoted neuronal differentiation of NSCs. In vivo, after i.c.v. injection of ar-turmerone, proliferating NSCs were mobilized from the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampus of adult rats, as demonstrated by both [18F]FLT-PET and histology (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest that ar-turmerone induces NSC proliferation. Ar-turmerone thus constitutes a promising candidate to support regeneration in neurologic disease.
B vitamins to enhance treatment response to antidepressants in middle-aged and older adults: results from the B-VITAGE randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Ford Andrew H. , Hirani Varsha , Singh Vash , vanBockxmeer Frank M. , McCaul Kieran , Flicker Leon 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundDepression is common and the efficacy of antidepressants is suboptimal. High plasma homocysteine has been consistently associated with depression, and treatment with certain B vitamins demonstrably reduces its concentration.AimsTo determine whether vitamins B6, B12and folic acid enhance response to antidepressant treatment over 52 weeks.MethodRandomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram (20–40 g) together with 0.5mg of vitamin B12, 2mg of folic acid and 25mg of vitamin B6 for 52 weeks (Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: 12609000256279). Participants were community-dwelling adults aged 50 years or over with DSM-IV-TR major depression. We measured severity of symptoms with the Montgomery–åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The primary outcome was remission of the depressive episode after 12, 26 and 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included reduction of MADRS scores over time and relapse of major depression after recovery by week 12.ResultsIn total, 153 people were randomised (76 placebo, 77 vitamins). Remission of symptoms was achieved by 78.1 and 79.4% of participants treated with placebo and vitamins by week 12 (P= 0.840), by 76.5 and 85.3% at week 26 and 75.8 and 85.5% at week 52 (effect of intervention over 52 weeks: odds ratio (OR) = 2.49, 95% CI 1.12–5.51). Group differences in MADRS scores over time were not significant (P= 0.739). The risk of subsequent relapse among those who had achieved remission of symptoms at week 12 was lower in the vitamins than placebo group (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.94).ConclusionsB vitamins did not increase the 12-week efficacy of antidepressant treatment, but enhanced and sustained antidepressant response over 1 year. Replication of these findings would mandate that treatment guidelines adopt the adjunctive use of B vitamins as a safe and inexpensive strategy to manage major depression in middle-aged and older adults.
A Plastic Electrolyte Material in a Highly Desirable Temperature Range: N-Ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide
Authors: Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro , Kishi Erina , Suematsu Mitsutake , Takekawa Toshihiro , Rikukawa Masahiro 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A novel organic ionic plastic crystal, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C2mpyr][FSA]), was synthesized, and its thermal properties and conductivity were investigated. [C2mpyr][FSA] showed a high melting point at 205 °C and exhibited plastic crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range from −22 °C to melting, which was also in a desirable temperature range for electrochemical devices. The ionic conductivity of [C2mpyr][FSA] was 1.23 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 25 °C.
Laureate of the State Prize I.S. Vyshnepolsky
Authors: Вышнепольский  , Vyshnyepolskiy Vladimir 
Published: September 2014

It is told about publishing activities of only laureate
of USSR State Prize for a textbook in graphic disciplines’ area, one
of the authors of the classical schoolbook «Drawing» — Vyshnepolsky
I.S. His biography has been briefly considered.
A Splitting Method for Numerical Simulation of Free Surface Flows of Incompressible Fluids with Surface Tension
Authors: Nikitin Kirill D. , Olshanskii Maxim A. , Terekhov Kirill M. , Vassilevski Yuri V. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper studies a splitting method for the numerical time-integration of the system of partial differential equations describing the motion of viscous incompressible fluid with free boundary subject to surface tension forces.
The method splits one time step into a semi-Lagrangian treatment of the surface advection and fluid inertia, an implicit update of viscous terms and the projection of velocity into the subspace of divergence-free functions. We derive several conservation properties of the method and a suitable energy estimate for numerical solutions.
Under certain assumptions on the smoothness of the free surface and its evolution, this leads to a stability result for the numerical method. Efficient computations of free surface flows of incompressible viscous fluids need several other ingredients, such as dynamically adapted meshes, surface reconstruction and level set function re-initialization.
These enabling techniques are discussed in the paper as well. The properties of the method are illustrated with a few numerical examples. These examples include analytical tests and the oscillating droplet benchmark problem.
Network analysis literacy, data analysis literacy, and socioinformatics
Authors: Zweig née Lehmann Katharina A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Complex network analysis is concerned with identifying
statistically significant patterns in large and complex networks.
A complex network is an abstract model of a complex system; it
represents a well-chosen set of entities as nodes and one or more
types of relationships between them as edges. Methods from complex
network analysis have been used to identify small molecules called
miRNAs that are able to stop breast
cancer [13], to understand possible privacy
breaches [9], or to analyze how humans solve complex
problems [10]. As many areas in our globalized world
tend to get more interconnected, the methods from complex network
analysis became more important: for complex systems with an underlying
network structure, the framework of complex network analysis provides
the potential to identify central nodes, to describe deviating
substructures, and to reveal the interaction between structure and
function of complex networks. Based on this potential impact of
network analysis on many fields of society, my work concentrates on
understanding when to use which kind of network measure to analyze
complex networks and where their limits are, a field I call
network analysis literacy. This question can easily be
generalized to data analysis literacy which can be even more
generalized to the influence of our modern IT-systems on the
individual, on organizations, and on society at large, which
culminates in a new field of study called socioinformatics.
On the height of subgroups of Homeo+(I)
Authors: Akhmedov Azer 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In [J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2) 78 (2008), no. 2, 352–372], it is proved that a subgroup of PL+(I) has finite height if and only if it is solvable. We prove the “only if” part for any subgroup of Homeo+(I), and present a construction which indicates a plethora of examples of solvable groups with infinite height.
A Criteria Transformation Approach to Pattern Matching based on Non-Linear Parameter Optimization
Authors: John Christian , Tutsch Dietmar , Lepich Thomas , Beitz Bernard , Möller Reinhard 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a concept for pattern matching based on a parameter optimization system for approximative numerical calculation of some parameter combination under soft and hard constraints. The concept uses a non-linear parameter optimization method with an iterative variation of parameters. The paper focuses on the information modeling process to migrate problem-domain specific criteria into optimization-compatible objects suitable for a standardized parameter optimization procedure. A step-by-step transformation process is presented and implemented in object-oriented programming: classes and interfaces. The method is applicable to a wide range of pattern-matching problems due to its flexibility and extensibility.
Ein flexibles und robustes 3D Koordinatenmesssystem basierend auf Weißlichtinterferometrie zur Kalibrierung von Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Schmalzried Siegfried , Schmitz Holger 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Die Anforderungen an die Bearbeitungsqualität von Werkzeugmaschinen
steigen kontinuierlich. In diesem Zusammenhang ist der Kalibrierung
von Werkzeugmaschinen als Basis für die spätere
Bearbeitungsgenauigkeit ein besonderes Augenmerk beizumessen. Hierbei
können die Positionsfehler des Tool-Center-Points (TCP) an
Werkzeugmaschinen durch Anwendung der volumetrischen Kompensation
minimiert werden. Um bestmögliche Ergebnisse aus der volumetrischen
Kompensation zu erreichen, bedarf es hochpräziser berührungsloser
dreidimensionaler Messsysteme.
In diesem Artikel wird das μ-GPS Messystem, ein flexibles
Koordinatenmesssystem basierend auf Weißlichtinterferometrie,
vorgestellt. Das μ-GPS misst den Abstand zwischen einem
Faseremitter und mindestens drei Reflektoren. Die Position des
Emitters bezogen auf die Reflektoren wird anschließend mittels
Multilateration bestimmt. Zur hochgenauen Auswertung der tatsächlichen
Position werden die Umgebungsbedingungen gemessen und Effekte wie
thermische Ausdehnung durch die Software kompensiert. Die
mathematischen und physikalischen Modelle für diese Kompensation
wurden gerätespezifisch entwickelt und werden im System
angewendet. Dabei soll die Absolutgenauigkeit im Volumen von bisher
± 20 μm in einen für die Maschinenkalibrierung
tauglichen Bereich von ± 5 μm gebracht
werden. Gleichzeitig bietet dieses System für die spätere Anwendung in
der Industrie höchstes Potenzial für den lange geforderten
automatisierten Messprozess.
Messungen mit dem μ-GPS System wurden unter realen
Werkstattbedingungen durchgeführt. Die Messergebnisse und die
Anwendung sind ähnlich den heutzutage zur Kalibrierung von
Werkzeugmaschinen eingesetzten Methoden und Systemen. Zusätzlich
jedoch erlaubt das μ-GPS System eine hochpräzise dreidimensionale
Bestimmung der Position. Der Kalibrierungsprozess kann damit
vollständig automatisiert werden, was in dieser Anwendung völlig
neuartig ist.
Fähigkeitsbewertung klassifizierender Bildverarbeitungssysteme
für Prüfaufgaben – Teil 2
Authors: Neubecker Ralph 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Klassifizierende Bildverarbeitungssysteme sind weit
verbreitet,
z. B. in der industriellen
Qualitätskontrolle. Heute gibt es keine etablierten
Methoden, um deren Fähigkeit quantitativ zu
erfassen. Hier wird eine Systematik
vorgestellt, die sich an grundlegenden
Bildverarbeitungsfunktionalitäten orientiert und daraus
Kenngrößen für den gesamten Prüfprozess
ableitet. Auf dieser Basis können
Bildverarbeitungssysteme problemangepasst ausgelegt und deren Fähigkeit
empirisch bestimmt werden.
Dies ist die Fortsetzung des in [13] erschienen
Artikels, in dem ein erweitertes Beispiel dargestellt
sowie die Frage der empirischen Bewertung und weitergehende Aspekte
behandelt werden.
Reservoir Simulation with Hydraulic Fractures: Does it Really Matter How We Model Fractures?
Authors: Rahman Khalil , He Wei , Gui Feng 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is a key technology to developing unconventional resources. At the planning stage, the prediction of production profiles in the presence of designed hydraulic fractures in the reservoir model is very important. Various analytical methods available are inadequate to produce reliable production profiles by accurately modeling irregular reservoir shape, permeability heterogeneity, multiphase flow and the presence of natural fractures. Any standard reservoir simulator facilitates these modeling features; the key challenge is, however, to model the propped hydraulic fractures accurately in the reservoir. Techniques such as negative skin, equivalent well radius and a uniform conductivity rectangular fracture are common built-in features in almost all available reservoir simulators. The imperative questions are (1) how good are these techniques to reliably model the flow through a non-rectangular fracture having non-uniform conductivity, and (2) how to model the combination of propped hydraulic fractures and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) in the presence of stimulated natural fractures? This paper presents the results from two case studies that reveal the shortcomings and simulation difficulties with negative skin, equivalent wellbore radius and uniform conductivity rectangular fractures. The paper also presents improved techniques to model propped hydraulic fractures with nonuniform conductivity in nonrectangular geometry (as usually designed) and SRV in the reservoir model for reservoir simulations. The comparison of results and discussion of various techniques are expected to enable engineers to understand why in certain conditions built-in features may not be possible to use because of numerical instabilities during simulation, and the range of variations in prediction from various techniques. The improved technique presented in this paper, which is based on a local grid refinement technique, can provide more reliable production prediction and can overcome numerical instabilities (though it is generally more computation intensive).
Best Practices in Static Modelling of a Coalbed Methane Field: An Example from the Bowen Basin in Australia
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Yong , Xia Zhaohui , Cui Zehong , Ren Bin , Zhang Wenqi , Jeffries Max , Lau Hon Chung 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Development of a coalbed methane (CBM) field in its early stage is often plagued by the lack of well control and scarcity of geological data over a large geographical area. Therefore, constructing a representative static model to estimate the in-place-volume presents a formidable challenge. In this paper we proposed a workflow to overcome this challenge and applied it to a CBM field in the northern Bowen Basin of Australia.
This workflow may be considered as a best practice for the following reasons. First, it makes use of data from various sources including cores, well logs, seismic interpretation, and topography. Second, it performs rigorous quality control on these data, such as depth shift and log normalization. Third, coal ply division and correlation and subsequent structural modeling are based on three types of correlation: well-to-well, well-to-seismic and, well-seismic-Graphic Information System. Fourth, it establishes the low, base and high trends for the most important reservoir properties. Fifth, it constructs a base case static model by combining the aforementioned structural and reservoir property models. Sixth, it uses sensitivity analysis, which varies one reservoir parameter at one time, to rank the impact of reservoir parameters on in-place-volume. Seventh, it uses uncertainty analysis which varies all reservoir parameters simultaneously to arrive at the P10, P50 and P90 in-place-volumes and their corresponding static models which can then be used for reservoir simulations to estimate the recoverable volumes.
Controllable Sliding Sleeve Fracturing Technology
Authors: Lichen Zheng , Yang Gao , Qinghai Yang , Xiaohan Pei , He Liu 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A new multistage fracturing technology based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was disclosed. It consists of disc spring energy storage system, electric control direction valve, multifunction sliding sleeve, microcomputer control system and battery group, distributed with magnetic field sensor, pressure sensor and RFID antenna. The fracturing process is cooperatively controlled by magnetic tags, RFID tags and pressure wave system. The RFID sliding sleeve system keeps a low-power mode in the ordinary time. In fracturing operations, the magnetic tags should be lowered into the well firstly to activate the electronic control system, and then RFID tags are launched to control the opening and closing of the sliding sleeve in any specific fractured interval. After fracturing, pressure wave is applied to open all the sliding sleeves and the production operation begins. The characteristics of controllable sliding sleeve are as follows: (1) the standby time of controllable sliding sleeve is more than six months. It can offer enough time for the fracturing preparation. (2) The drift diameter of controllable sliding sleeve is constant, as a result, fracturing interval number is not restricted. (3) It has a simple operation process, production operation can implemented directly after fracturing, without running and pulling other strings. Lab tests showed that, every module of controllable sliding sleeve run normally and it can meet the demand of field application.