bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing care to a child with cancer: a longitudinal study on the course, predictors, and impact of caregiving stress during the first year after diagnosis
Authors: Sulkers Esther , Tissing Wim J. E. , Brinksma Aeltsje , Roodbol Petrie F. , Kamps Willem A. , Stewart Roy E. , Sanderman Robbert , Fleer Joke 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the course, predictors, and impact of caregiving stress on the functioning of primary caregivers of children with cancer during the first year after a child's cancer diagnosis.MethodsPrimary caregivers (N = 95, 100% mother, 86% response rate) of consecutive newly diagnosed paediatric cancer patients (0–18 years) completed measures of caregiving stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and self‐reported health at diagnosis, and 3, 6, and 12 months thereafter.ResultsResults indicated a significant decrease in caregiving stress (especially during the first 3 months after diagnosis). Caregiving stress was predicted by single marital status and the ill child being the mother's only child. Multilevel analyses, controlled for socio‐demographic and medical covariates, showed that, over time, the decline in caregiving stress was accompanied by a reduction in depressive symptoms and anxiety. The amount of variance explained by caregiving stress was 53% for depressive symptoms, 47% for anxiety, and 3% for self‐reported health.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that caregiving stress is an important factor in understanding parental adjustment to childhood cancer. This offers possibilities for developing interventions aimed at preventing caregiving stress, and strengthening mothers' confidence in their ability to provide good care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transportation behaviour of fluopicolide and its control effect against Phytophthora capsici in greenhouse tomatoes after soil application
Authors: Jiang Lili , Wang Hongyan , Xu Hui , Qiao Kang , Xia Xiaoming , Wang Kaiyun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDFluopicolide, a novel benzamide fungicide, was registered for control of oomycete pathogens, including Phytophthora capsici. In this study, fluopicolide (5% SC) was applied in soil at rates of 1.5, 3 and 6 L ha−1 [the normal (ND), double (DD) and quadruple dosages (QD) respectively] to investigate its transportation behaviour and control efficiency on tomato blight as a soil treatment agent.RESULTSThe results showed that fluopicolide applied to soil could be absorbed by tomato roots and then transplanted to stems and leaves. It could exist in tomato roots for more than 30 days, and in leaves and stems until day 20 after application. The decline in fluopicolide in soil was in accordance with a first‐order dynamics equation, with half‐lives of 5.33, 4.75 and 5.42 days for the ND, DD and QD treatments respectively. The control efficiencies of fluopicolide were better with soil application than with spraying application, and the inhibition ratios were 93.02, 97.67 and 100 on day 21 for the ND, DD and QD treatments respectively.CONCLUSIONSoil application of fluopicolide could control P. capsici in greenhouse tomatoes with high efficiency and long persistence. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Biomedical informatics and panomics for evidence‐based radiation therapy
Authors: El Naqa Issam 
Published: August 2014

More than half of all cancer patients receive ionizing radiation as part of their treatment. Treatment outcomes are determined by complex interactions between cancer genetics, treatment regimens, and patient‐related variables. A key component of modern radiation oncology research is to predict at the time of treatment planning or during the course of fractionated radiation treatment, the probability of tumor eradication and normal tissue risks for the type of treatment being considered for the individual patient. A typical radiotherapy treatment scenario can generate a large pool of panomics data that may comprise 3D/4D anatomical and functional imaging information (noted as radiomics), in addition to biological markers (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) derived from peripheral blood and tissue specimens. Radiotherapy data informatics constitutes a unique interface between physical and biological processes. It can benefit from the general advances in biomedical informatics research while still requires the development of its own technologies within this framework to address specific issues related to its unique physics–biology interface. We review recent advances and discuss current challenges to interrogate panomics data in radiotherapy using bioinformatics tools for data aggregation, sharing, visualization, and outcomes modeling. We provide examples based on our and others experiences using systems radiobiology and machine learning to develop predictive models of outcomes in radiotherapy. We also highlight the potential opportunities in this field for evidence‐based personalized medicine research for bioinformaticians and clinical decision‐makers.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Biological Data Mining
Application Areas > Health Care
Mixed Metals Sandwich‐Type Polyoxotungstogermanate with Morpholine Ligand: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Jiang Ning , Li Bo , Xu Lin , Wang Yu‐Chao , Li Jian‐Mei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe polyoxotungstate (C4H10ON)9H3[Mn2Na2(C4H10ON)2(GeW9O34)2]·9H2O (1) was synthesized in aqueous solution and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and variable temperature susceptibility measurements. The polyoxoanion framework of 1 is built on the lacunary Keggin‐type polyanion [GeW9O34]10–. The central core shows [Mn2Na2(μ4‐O)2(μ3‐O)6(μ2‐O)8(C4H10ON)2] where the morpholine molecule is bound to the Na+ ion. The polyanions of 1 are further bridged into a one‐dimensional (1D) chain by the hydrogen bonding interactions. The magnetic investigations demonstrate the presence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions for 1.
Syntheses, Structures, and Fluorescent Properties of ­Lanthanide Complexes Based on the Ligand Benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Sun Chang‐Yan , Zhou Di , Li Yang , Li Wen‐Jun , Kang Zhi‐Tao 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThree lanthanide complexes with the formula [Ln(Hbtca)3(4,4′‐bpy)(H2O)2]n·nH2O [Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2), Tb (3)] (4,4′‐bpy = 4,4′‐bipyridine; H2btca = benzotriazole‐5‐carboxylic acid) were synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that complexes 1–3 possess 1D chain structures. There are O–H···N, O–H···O, and N–H···N hydrogen bonds, which result in the formation of 3D supramolecular networks. When excited at 360 nm, complexes 1 and 3 give characteristic emissions of EuIII and TbIII ions, respectively, whereas in the mixed Eu/Tb complex, EuIII emissions are strengthened and TbIII emissions are quenched, which indicates that energy may be transferred from TbIII to EuIII ions.
High‐Resolution Powder Neutron Diffraction on Mn3C
Authors: Dierkes Hannes , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe ground state of Mn3C, a metastable but nonetheless fundamental phase in the context of high‐manganese steels, is still a matter of debate, and even the atomic structure of Mn3C has never been refined in the past. Moreover, Mn3C has been described as being nonmagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and also ferrimagnetic. Herein, Mn3C's crystal structure and its magnetic ground state were probed for the first time by high‐resolution neutron diffraction between 3.5 and 300 K using well‐crystalline samples. Although the neutron‐diffraction quality is perfectly able to detect even the magnetic states of the impurities MnO and γ‐Mn, there is no sign of a magnetic ordering for Mn3C down to 3.5 K. Hence, it is justified to characterize Mn3C as paramagnetic at the time being.
Endophytic fungi: expanding the arsenal of industrial enzyme producers
Authors: Corrêa Rúbia Carvalho Gomes , Rhoden Sandro Augusto , Mota Thatiane Rodrigues , Azevedo João Lúcio , Pamphile João Alencar , de Souza Cristina Giatti Marques , Polizeli Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes , Bracht Adelar , Peralta Rosane Marina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEndophytic fungi, mostly belonging to the Ascomycota, are found in the intercellular spaces of the aerial plant parts, particularly in leaf sheaths, sometimes even within the bark and root system without inducing any visual symptoms of their presence. These fungi appear to have a capacity to produce a wide range of enzymes and secondary metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities. However, they have been only barely exploited as sources of enzymes of industrial interest. This review emphasizes the suitability and possible advantages of including the endophytic fungi in the screening of new enzyme producing organisms as well as in studies aiming to optimize the production of enzymes through well-known culture processes. Apparently endophytic fungi possess the two types of extracellular enzymatic systems necessary to degrade the vegetal biomass: (1) the hydrolytic system responsible for polysaccharide degradation consisting mainly in xylanases and cellulases; and (2) the unique oxidative ligninolytic system, which degrades lignin and opens phenyl rings, comprises mainly laccases, ligninases and peroxidases. The obvious ability of endophytic fungi to degrade the complex structure of lignocellulose makes them useful in the exploration of the lignocellulosic biomass for the production of fuel ethanol and other value-added commodity chemicals. In addition to this, endophytic fungi may become new sources of industrially useful enzymes such as lipases, amylases and proteases.
Links between patterns of racial socialization and discrimination experiences and psychological adjustment: A cluster analysis
Authors: Ajayi Alex A. , Syed Moin 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study used a person‐oriented analytic approach to identify meaningful patterns of barriers‐focused racial socialization and perceived racial discrimination experiences in a sample of 295 late adolescents. Using cluster analysis, three distinct groups were identified: Low Barrier Socialization‐Low Discrimination, High Barrier Socialization‐Low Discrimination, and High Barrier Socialization‐High Discrimination clusters. These groups were substantively unique in terms of the frequency of racial socialization messages about bias preparation and out‐group mistrust its members received and their actual perceived discrimination experiences. Further, individuals in the High Barrier Socialization‐High Discrimination cluster reported significantly higher depressive symptoms than those in the Low Barrier Socialization‐Low Discrimination and High Barrier Socialization‐Low Discrimination clusters. However, no differences in adjustment were observed between the Low Barrier Socialization‐Low Discrimination and High Barrier Socialization‐Low Discrimination clusters. Overall, the findings highlight important individual differences in how young people of color experience their race and how these differences have significant implications on psychological adjustment.
Dynamic Viscoelastic Incremental-Layerwise Finite Element Method for Multilayered Structure Analysis Based on the Relaxation Approach
Authors: Malakouti M. , Ameri M. , Malekzadeh P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper presents an axisymmetric layerwise finite element formulation for dynamic analysis of laminated structures with embedded viscoelastic material whose constitutive behavior is represented by the Prony-generalized Maxwell series. To account the time dependence of the constitutive relations of linear viscoelastic materials, the incremental formulation in the temporal domain is used. Layerwise finite element has been shown to provide an efficient and accurate tool for the simulation of laminated structure. Most of the previous work on numerical simulation of laminated structures has been limited to elastic material behavior. Thus, the current work focuses on layerwise finite element analysis of laminated structures with embedded viscoelastic material. A computer code based on the presented formulation has been developed to provide the numerical results. The present approach is verified by studying its convergence behavior and comparing the numerical results with those obtained using the ABAQUS software. Finally, and as an application of the presented formulation, the effects of load duration on the dynamic structural responses of multilayered pavements are studied.
A More Robust Compressible Lattice Boltzmann Model by using the Numerical Filters
Authors: Ghadyani M. , Esfahanian V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe stability of the lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is a challenging problem in the simulation of compressible flows with different types of embedded discontinuities. This study, proposes a complementary scheme for simulation of inviscid compressible flows by the lattice Boltzmann models using the numerical filters to improve the stability. The advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of numerical filters on the primitive and conservative variables, in addition to, mesoscopic and macroscopic variables are investigated. Moreover, a shock-detecting sensor, which activates a second-order linear filter near the discontinuities and a higher-order linear filter in smooth regions, is described and assessed. This study demonstrates that the proposed complementary scheme is practical. Also the accuracy and robustness of the utilized LB models are improved for inviscid compressible flows by implementation of the numerical filters on primitive variables. The validity of the procedure to capture shocks and to resolve contact discontinuity and rarefaction waves in well-known benchmarks is investigated and good agreements are obtained for all test cases.
Radiative Flow of Jeffrey Fluid Through a Convectively Heated Stretching Cylinder
Authors: Hayat T. , Asad S. , Alsaedi A. , Alsaadi F. E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo-dimensional flow of Jeffrey fluid by an inclined stretching cylinder with convective boundary condition is studied. In addition the combined effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation are taken into consideration. The developed nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equations by suitable transformations. The governing equations are solved for the series solutions. The convergence of the series solutions for velocity and temperature fields is carefully analyzed. The effects of various physical parameters such as ratio of relaxation to retardation times, Deborah number, radiation parameter, Biot number, curvature parameter, local Grashof number, Prandtl number, Eckert number and angle of inclination are examined through graphical and numerical results of the velocity and temperature distributions.
Aspect Ratio Effect on Multiple Flow Solutions in a Two-Sided Parallel Motion Lid-Driven Cavity
Authors: Chen K.-T. , Tsai C.-C. , Luo W.-J. , Lu C.-W. , Chen C.-H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA continuation method, accompanied with a linear stability analysis, is employed to investigate the bifurcation diagram of the flow solutions, as well as the multiple flow states in a cavity with different aspect ratios for parallel motion of two facing lids. The Reynolds number proportional to the wall velocity is used as the continuation parameter, and the evolution of the bifurcation diagrams in cases with different aspect ratios is illustrated. The induced flow patterns are highly dependent upon both the aspect ratios and the moving velocity of the walls. Three different types of bifurcation diagrams and their corresponding flow states are classified according to the aspect ratios. One stable symmetric flow state and one stable asymmetric flow state are identified. The stable asymmetric flow state is obtained at a high aspect ratio and a low Reynolds number. Meanwhile, the regions of stable and unstable flows are distinguished according to the different aspect ratios.
Vibration Analysis for Piezoceramic Circular Plates with V-Notches. Part 1: Theory
Authors: Huang C.-H. , Chen Y.-Y. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper the transverse vibration characteristics of piezoceramic circular plates with V-notches are investigated theoretically through use of the Ritz's method incorporated with the defined equivalent constants. The Ritz's method is employed with two sets of admissible displacement functions, algebraic-trigonometric polynomials and corner functions, to guarantee convergence sufficiently and represent the stress singularity, respectively. Moreover, the equivalent constants derived by comparing the characteristic equations of transverse vibration between isotropic and piezoceramic disks are applied to suspend the electrical field consideration regarding the piezoelectricity. With the aid of theoretical analysis, the non-dimensional frequency parameters of transverse vibration modes for completely free V-notching circular plates are exhibited; in addition, the frequency variations depending on various notch angles and depths are explored. Numerical calculations using the finite element method (FEM) are performed and the results are compared with the theoretical analysis. It is shown that the resonant frequencies predicted by theoretical analysis and calculated by FEM are in good agreement.
Effect of CPU Cache Size on OpenMP Computing Performance in Fluid-Film Lubrication Analysis
Authors: Wang N. , Cha K.-C. , Huang H.-C. , Hsu C.-R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe growth of the size of cache and the number of processor cores in modern CPUs is the major factor in advancing the computing performance of modern machines. The effect of CPU cache size in multicore computers on performance, however, has attracted little attention in lubrication and engineering analyses. In this study, the effect of cache size on the computational performance of two parallel iterative methods in solving two Reynolds equations is examined. Four computers, with CPU cache size from 4 to 40 MB and the number of processor cores from 4 to 16, were used. The sizes of the numerical grid were selected to simulate large gridwork (256 × 256) to small gridwork (2048 × 2048) tasks. It is found that the size of CPU cache is a major factor influencing the parallel efficiency in using the RBSOR method. On the other hand, the SPSOR method obtains much higher parallel efficiency than the RBSOR for medium-grained tasks, regardless of the size of CPU cache. The use of the SPSOR can, therefore, provide a much better parallel computing performance than the RBSOR in the cases of having a large number of grids or in a system with limited CPU cache.
YLT192, a Novel, Orally Active Bioavailable Inhibitor of VEGFR2 Signaling with Potent Antiangiogenic Activity and Antitumor Efficacy in Preclinical Models
Authors: Xia Yong , Song Xuejiao , Li Deliang , Ye Tinghong , Xu Youzhi , Lin Hongjun , Meng Nana , Li Guobo , Deng Senyi , Zhang Shuang , Liu Li , Zhu Yongxia , Zeng Jun , Lei Qian , Pan Youli , Wei Yuquan , Zhao Yinglan , Yu Luoting 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAntagonizing vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) to block angiogenesis has been applied toward cancer therapy for its role in promoting cancer growth and metastasis. However, most these clinical anticancer drugs have unexpected side effects. Development of novel VEGFR2 inhibitors with less toxicity remains an urgent need. In this study, we describe a novel, well-tolerated and orally active VEGFR2 inhibitor, YLT192, which inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth. YLT192 significantly inhibited kinase activity of VEGFR2 and suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion and tube formation of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro. In addition, it inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling regulator in HUVEC. Zebrafish embryonic models and alginate-encapsulated tumor cell assays indicated YLT192 also inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. Moreover, YLT192 could directly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of YLT192 at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day could markedly inhibited human tumor xenograft growth without causing obvious toxicities. It decreased microvessel densities (MVD) in tumor sections. It also shows good safety profiles in the studies with mice and rats. Taken together, these preclinical evaluations suggest that YLT192 inhibits angiogenesis and may be a promising anticancer drug candidate.
Testing the accuracy of an observation-based classifier for rapid detection of autism risk
Authors: Duda M , Kosmicki J A , Wall D P 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCurrent approaches for diagnosing autism have high diagnostic validity but are time consuming and can contribute to delays in arriving at an official diagnosis. In a pilot study, we used machine learning to derive a classifier that represented a 72% reduction in length from the gold-standard Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G), while retaining >97% statistical accuracy. The pilot study focused on a relatively small sample of children with and without autism. The present study sought to further test the accuracy of the classifier (termed the observation-based classifier (OBC)) on an independent sample of 2616 children scored using ADOS from five data repositories and including both spectrum (n=2333) and non-spectrum (n=283) individuals. We tested OBC outcomes against the outcomes provided by the original and current ADOS algorithms, the best estimate clinical diagnosis, and the comparison score severity metric associated with ADOS-2. The OBC was significantly correlated with the ADOS-G (r=−0.814) and ADOS-2 (r=−0.779) and exhibited >97% sensitivity and >77% specificity in comparison to both ADOS algorithm scores. The correspondence to the best estimate clinical diagnosis was also high (accuracy=96.8%), with sensitivity of 97.1% and specificity of 83.3%. The correlation between the OBC score and the comparison score was significant (r=−0.628), suggesting that the OBC provides both a classification as well as a measure of severity of the phenotype. These results further demonstrate the accuracy of the OBC and suggest that reductions in the process of detecting and monitoring autism are possible.
Optimising node selection probabilities in multi‐hop M/D/1 queuing networks to reduce latency of Tor
Authors: Herbert S.J. , Murdoch S.J. , Punskaya E. 
Published: August 2014

The expected cell latency for multi‐hop M/D/1 queuing networks, where users choose nodes randomly according to some distribution, is derived. It is shown that the resulting optimisation surface is convex, and thus gradient‐based methods can be used to find the optimal node assignment probabilities. This is applied to a typical snapshot of the Tor anonymity network at 50% usage, and leads to a reduction in expected cell latency from 11.7 ms using the original method of assigning node selection probabilities to 1.3 ms. It is also shown that even if the usage is not known exactly, the proposed method still leads to an improvement.
Data regeneration for an all‐photonic digital radio over fibre
Authors: Abdollahi Seyed Reza , Al‐Raweshidy Hamed Saffa , Owens Thomas John 
Published: August 2014

All‐photonic digital radio over fibre (AP‐DRoF) is a suitable candidate for a digital optical link. In this study, the system and simulation modelling of the proposed photonic data regeneration architecture for the generated return to zero (RZ) pulses of an AP‐DRoF link is presented. The proposed data regeneration architecture is based on time stretching, optical sampling and optical hard limiting. Based on the system model, a comprehensive analysis and performance evaluation of the proposed system is presented. The results of simulations carried out to evaluate the performance of the system show that using the proposed regenerator in an AP‐DRoF link for regeneration of the ultra‐short RZ pulses at 65 Gbit/s reduced root‐mean‐squared timing jitter by about 90%, while the regenerated pulse eye opening height is improved by 65%.