bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control in chronic condition self‐care management: how it occurs in the health worker–client relationship and implications for client empowerment
Authors: Lawn Sharon , Delany Toni , Sweet Linda , Battersby Malcolm , C. Skinner Timothy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo examine health worker–client interactions during care planning to understand processes that foster client empowerment and disempowerment.BackgroundIt is unclear how health worker–client exchanges and information sharing through chronic condition care planning currently operate in primary health care. Moreover, it is unclear how control in these exchanges either enhances collaborative decision‐making, partnership and client empowerment, or works to create client disempowerment and dependency on workers and health services.DesignCritical discourse analysis of qualitative data from ethnographic observations and audio‐taped worker–client consultations.MethodMultidisciplinary teams in two Australian community‐based primary healthcare sites participated. This included nurses, general practitioners and allied health workers and their clients who had a chronic condition care plan. Nineteen worker–client consultations were observed/recorded in 2011.ResultsControl was expressed through multiple processes inherent in the worker role and in their interactions with clients. When workers exercised disproportionate control and clients relinquished their own control, client disempowerment and dependency were evident. Clients' attempts to gain control and workers' attempts to relinquish control alleviated clients' disempowerment and dependency. However, structural features of information sharing systems and workers' care planning behaviours diminished such efforts.ConclusionWorker awareness of their communication style and the power of their role must improve for client chronic condition self‐care management to be achieved. Training on the impacts of control in worker communication and systems where they work must be provided if unbeneficial forms of client dependency are to be overcome and true self‐care management is to be realized.
The relationship between goal orientation and career striving in young adolescents
Authors: Creed Peter , Buys Nick , Tilbury Clare , Crawford Meegan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe surveyed 280 students (61% girls; M = 15.3 years) and, in the context of goal setting theory and self‐regulation, tested a cross‐sectional model in which goal orientation (learning, performance–prove, performance–avoid) was viewed as an antecedent to self‐efficacy and outcome expectations, self‐efficacy and outcome expectations were tested as antecedents to goal setting, and goal setting tested as an antecedent to career‐striving behaviors (exploration, planning). After controlling for educational achievement, learning orientation was directly, positively, associated with self‐efficacy and outcome expectations, and indirectly associated with career aspirations, career exploration, and planning; and performance–avoid orientation was negatively associated with self‐efficacy. The study demonstrated that goal orientation is an important variable to consider when examining career development in adolescents.
Predictors of fear of crime: general fear versus perceived risk
Authors: Chadee Derek , Ng Ying Nikita K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMuch of the literature on fear of crime (FOC) has focused on the role of risk perceptions in understanding FOC, with little consideration given to psychological factors not directly related to crime, but that can impact the levels of FOC. This study introduces general fear (GF) as an explanatory factor in understanding FOC. A proportional random sample of 1,197 respondents was obtained from 406 enumeration districts across Trinidad. The results revealed GF as the strongest predictor of FOC across ethnicity, sex, age, area of residence, and victim status. Explanations and areas for further investigation are offered.
Mesenchymal stem cells in acute lung injury: are they ready for translational medicine?
Authors: Xu Feng , Hu Yue , Zhou Jiebai , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical condition responsible for high mortality and the development of multiple organ dysfunctions, because of the lack of specific and effective therapies for ALI. Increasing evidence from pre‐clinical studies supports preventive and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs, also called mesenchymal stromal cells) in ALI/ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome). Therapeutic effects of MSCs were noticed in various delivery approaches (systemic, local, or other locations), multiple origins (bone marrow or other tissues), or different schedules of administrations (before or after the challenges). MSCs could reduce the over‐production of inflammatory mediators, leucocyte infiltration, tissue injury and pulmonary failure, and produce a number of benefit factors through interaction with other cells in the process of lung tissue repair. Thus, it is necessary to establish guidelines, standard operating procedures and evaluation criteria for translating MSC‐based therapies into clinical application for patients with ALI.
Gene variants associated with antisocial behaviour: a latent variable approach
Authors: Bentley Mary Jane , Lin Haiqun , Fernandez Thomas V. , Lee Maria , Yrigollen Carolyn M. , Pakstis Andrew J. , Katsovich Liliya , Olds David L. , Grigorenko Elena L. , Leckman James F. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine if a latent variable approach might be useful in identifying shared variance across genetic risk alleles that is associated with antisocial behaviour at age 15 years.MethodsUsing a conventional latent variable approach, we derived an antisocial phenotype in 328 adolescents utilizing data from a 15‐year follow‐up of a randomized trial of a prenatal and infancy nurse‐home visitation programme in Elmira, New York. We then investigated, via a novel latent variable approach, 450 informative genetic polymorphisms in 71 genes previously associated with antisocial behaviour, drug use, affiliative behaviours and stress response in 241 consenting individuals for whom DNA was available. Haplotype and Pathway analyses were also performed.ResultsEight single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from eight genes contributed to the latent genetic variable that in turn accounted for 16.0% of the variance within the latent antisocial phenotype. The number of risk alleles was linearly related to the latent antisocial variable scores. Haplotypes that included the putative risk alleles for all eight genes were also associated with higher latent antisocial variable scores. In addition, 33 SNPs from 63 of the remaining genes were also significant when added to the final model. Many of these genes interact on a molecular level, forming molecular networks. The results support a role for genes related to dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, opioid and cholinergic signalling as well as stress response pathways in mediating susceptibility to antisocial behaviour.ConclusionsThis preliminary study supports use of relevant behavioural indicators and latent variable approaches to study the potential ‘co‐action’ of gene variants associated with antisocial behaviour. It also underscores the cumulative relevance of common genetic variants for understanding the aetiology of complex behaviour. If replicated in future studies, this approach may allow the identification of a ‘shared’ variance across genetic risk alleles associated with complex neuropsychiatric dimensional phenotypes using relatively small numbers of well‐characterized research participants.
Treatment of psoriasis with non‐registered fumaric acid esters in The Netherlands: a nationwide survey among Dutch dermatologists
Authors: Fallah Arani S. , Balak D.M.W. , Neumann H.A.M. , Kuipers M.V. , Thio H.B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis vulgaris is a T‐cell mediated disease that affects 2–3% of the worldwide white‐skinned population. Fumaric acid esters are mentioned as an effective therapy for moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis vulgaris in adult patients in the new guidelines for psoriasis treatment.ObjectivesTo obtain an insight into the use of fumaric acid esters by Dutch dermatologists in the Netherlands.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional postal survey. An anonymous survey was posted to all Dutch dermatologists. In this survey, data were collected on the extent of fumaric acid esters use, the reasons for use, the reasons for non‐ or limited use of fumaric acid esters, the perception of fumaric acid esters as a mono‐therapy with regards to the effectiveness, the safety, the adverse events and the overall satisfaction of fumaric acid esters as a mono‐therapy.ResultsSixty‐three per cent of the 300 responders indicated to prescribe fumaric acid esters for the treatment of psoriasis. About 37% of the dermatologists indicated (almost) never to prescribe it. Biologicals were considered as the most effective therapy. Fumaric acid esters were regarded as the safest therapy. They were generally well‐tolerated by the patients similar to that for methotrexate according to the respondents.ConclusionA large proportion of the dermatologists in our survey indicated to prescribe fumaric acid esters. It is considered to be effective, safe and without adverse events profile that is favourable in the practice, also as compared with other systemic therapies such as methotrexate and biologicals.
Testing probabilistic adaptive real‐time flood forecasting models
Authors: Smith P.J. , Beven K.J. , Leedal D. , Weerts A.H. , Young P.C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOperational flood forecasting has become a complex and multifaceted task, increasingly being treated in probabilistic ways to allow for the inherent uncertainties in the forecasting process. This paper reviews recent applications of data‐based mechanistic (DBM) models within the operationalUK NationalFloodForecastingSystem. The position ofDBMmodels in the forecasting chain is considered along with their offline calibration and validation. The online adaptive implementation with assimilation of water level information as used for forecasting is outlined. Two example applications based uponUKlocations where severe flooding has occurred, theRiverEden atCarlisle andRiverSevern atShrewsbury, are presented.
Postnatal changes in the growth dynamics of the human face revealed from bone modelling patterns
Authors: Martinez‐Maza Cayetana , Rosas Antonio , Nieto‐Díaz Manuel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHuman skull morphology results from complex processes that involve the coordinated growth and interaction of its skeletal components to keep a functional and structural balance. Previous histological works have studied the growth of different craniofacial regions and their relationship to functional spaces in humans up to 14 years old. Nevertheless, how the growth dynamics of the facial skeleton and the mandible are related and how this relationship changes through the late ontogeny remain poorly understood. To approach these two questions, we have compared the bone modelling activities of the craniofacial skeleton from a sample of subadult and adult humans. In this study, we have established for the first time the bone modelling pattern of the face and the mandible from adult humans. Our analyses reveal a patchy distribution of the bone modelling fields (overemphasized by the presence of surface islands with no histological information) reflecting the complex growth dynamics associated to the individual morphology. Subadult and adult specimens show important differences in the bone modelling patterns of the anterior region of the facial skeleton and the posterior region of the mandible. These differences indicate developmental changes in the growth directions of the whole craniofacial complex, from a predominantly downward growth in subadults that turns to a forward growth observed in the adult craniofacial skeleton. We hypothesize that these ontogenetic changes would respond to the physiological and physical requirements to enlarge the oral and nasal cavities once maturation of the brain and the closure of the cranial sutures have taken place during craniofacial development.
Strategies used by respiratory nurses to stimulate self‐management in patients with COPD
Authors: Verbrugge Remco , de Boer Fijgje , Georges Jean‐Jacques 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo gain an insight into strategies, adopted by Dutch respiratory nurses during clinic sessions, to improve self‐management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease is highly prevalent and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, impacting on quality of life and healthcare expenditure. Health promotion is therefore an important consideration. By applying specific strategies, respiratory nurses can play a major role in the promotion of self‐management. Research has shown that respiratory nurses, who run clinics, have insufficient knowledge of evidence‐based strategies that can be adopted to promote self‐management among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. It appears that respiratory nurses adopt their own strategies during clinic sessions.DesignA qualitative research study was carried out using Grounded Theory method.MethodsData were collected during open interviews conducted by an external researcher with a nursing background. The interviews were analysed through coding after which categories were developed.ResultsFourteen respiratory nurses were interviewed. The results show that respiratory nurses emphasise quitting smoking during the consult. Attention is also paid to inhalation medication and techniques. Other self‐management strategies that respiratory nurses use are: application of specific interviewing techniques, referring to other healthcare professionals and providing tools for coping with the illness in everyday life.Conclusion and relevance to clinical practiceThe main emphasis during the clinic session is directed at quitting smoking. Other self‐management strategies such as providing information regarding nutrition and exercise, instilling confidence and becoming an equal discussion partner, gain less attention. During the clinic session, respiratory nurses should also focus on these self‐management strategies in addition to quitting smoking. Further research should be directed at self‐management strategies used by respiratory nurses in relation to different characteristics of patients. In this way, a more patient‐oriented form of consultation could be developed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
HEAL: a strategy for advanced practitioner assessment of reduced urine output in hospital inpatients
Authors: Gardner Jon , Mooney Janice , Forester Alanna 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo produce a model for advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) to follow in the assessment and management of patients with a reduced or low urine output.BackgroundReduced urine output can be caused by a multitude of factors, some of which signify serious disease or may lead to serious morbidity. Assessment of reduced urine output is essential to ensure that patient safety is maintained at all times. Advanced nurse practitioners can add to patient safety by undertaking assessments of these patients at appropriate times and managing appropriately.DesignThis paper presents a new model for immediate triage, assessment and treatment for reduced urine output, using history, early warning score, accuracy and laboratory results, or HEAL, with clear points for referral where appropriate.ConclusionThis model can be used by advanced nurse practitioners to guide assessments and ensure that patients are appropriately managed in response, with minimal additional training.Relevance to clinical practiceThis can aid advanced nurse practitioners in assessment, increasing patient safety and expatiating management. This shows how ANPs can be used to safely blur traditional professional boundaries with the aid of protocols.
Mesenchymal stem cells in oral reconstructive surgery: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Jakobsen C. , Sørensen J. A. , Kassem M. , Thygesen T. H. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThis study evaluated clinical outcomes following intraoperative use of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in various oral reconstructive procedures. PubMed was searched without language restrictions from 2000 to 2011 using the search words stem cell, oral surgery, tissue engineering, sinus lift, bone regeneration and combinations of these. Inclusion criteria were intraoperative use of MSCs in the study design. Reference lists of the articles found were searched for other related studies. Eighteen clinical trials using MSCs for sinus augmentation were found: five case reports on the repair of large bony defects and six studies on ridge augmentation and healing of alveolar sockets after third molar extraction. The findings suggest that MSCs are capable of producing in vivo bone, re‐establishing lost tissue and facilitating placement of dental implants. Use of MSCs would reduce patient morbidity because of a less stressful harvesting technique than that of autogenous bone. The majority of clinical trials indicate that MSCs can produce bone in vivo. However, a satisfactory outcome was not seen in all studies, and due to the diversity of study designs, a ‘golden approach’ cannot be determined. Before use of MSCs can be considered as a first‐choice treatment, more predictable outcomes and better long‐term prognoses need to be established. Conventional bone grafting remains the gold standard.
SPATIAL SCOPE OF A MODERN TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Pires Armando J. Garcia , Pontes José Pedro 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the endogenous choice of transport technology, “traditional” versus “modern,” by a shipper. Although the “modern” technology is characterized by higher fixed costs and a higher speed of transport, it is chosen for intermediate distances, rather than to long distances. The reason is that, when the shipper switches to the “modern” technology, the industrial firm changes production from the home to the foreign city. Thus, the demand for transport decreases proportionally to the distance between the home and foreign city. For long distances, revenue from transportation becomes so low that the “modern” technology does not break even.
ON THE VALUE OF FOREGONE OPEN SPACE IN SPRAWLING CITIES
Authors: Vermeulen Wouter , Rouwendal Jan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTForegone benefits of the open space that is sacrificed through urban sprawl are hard to quantify. We obtain a simple benchmark measure by introducing a demand for trips beyond the urban boundary into the monocentric city model. The externality arises from the increase in travel costs that expansion of the city imposes on its prior inhabitants. An empirical application illustrates the moderate informational requirements. It indicates that open space externalities warrant rather mild restrictions on urban expansion.
Hearing voices: re/presenting the findings of narrative research into patient experience as poems
Authors: Stenhouse R. 
Published: July 2013

Accessible summary
Research into the patient's perspective on their care is being given increasing importance within health and nurse education policy, predicated upon the idea that the findings represent the patient experience.
Researchers have power to silence the voices of research participants through the process of authorship. Exploring the arts as a means of presenting findings offers the opportunity problematize issues of power and authorship, and examine ways of decentring the researcher's voice. Re/presentation of patient experience in poetic form encourages readers to engage with that experience as they have to actively interpret the meaning of the poem.
Researchers interested in examining and conveying the experience of others should be encouraged to problematize issues of authorship and consider the impact of their authority on the re/presentation of the experience of the other.
AbstractThe study aimed to understand the experience of being a patient on an acute psychiatric inpatient ward. A further aim was to open up spaces for the voices of participants to be heard. Contemporary government policy places patient experience at the centre of healthcare policy and service development. Despite this, those who occupy marginalized discourses struggle to be heard within the dominant discourse of health care. A qualitative approach was used, and narrative was conceptualized as representing experience. Sociolinguistic theories informed the development of the analytic framework treating meaning as contextual and arising from both content and structure of narratives. Concepts of representation, voice and authorship were problematized. Thirteen people who had been inpatients on an acute psychiatric inpatient ward participated. Narrative data were gathered using unstructured interviews. The data were analysed holistically using a method that attended to both the structure and content of the narrative. The product of these holistic narratives was the development of a poem representing each participant's experience. This paper focuses on the development of these poems as a method of decentring the authorial voice and opening up spaces for the voices of the participants to be heard.
Who Chooses Which Private Education? Theory and International Evidence
Authors: Bertola Giuseppe , Checchi Daniele 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPrivate school students do not always perform better in standardized tests. We suggest that this may be explained by choice of private schooling by less capable students in countries where government schools are better suited to talented students. To assess the empirical relevance of this mechanism, we exploit cross‐country variation in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009 survey of differences between private and state school regarding organizational features that are differently suitable for students with different learning ability. We seek and find evidence of this mechanism's empirical relevance in controlled regressions that treat within‐country variation of PISA scores as an indicator of unobserved ability to learn.
Intestinal epithelial barrier function in liver cirrhosis: an extensive review of the literature
Authors: Pijls Kirsten E. , Jonkers Daisy M. A. E. , Elamin Elhaseen E. , Masclee Ad A. M. , Koek Ger H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that translocation of bacteria and bacterial products, such as endotoxin from the intestinal lumen into the systemic circulation is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and the development of complications in cirrhosis. In addition to alterations in the intestinal microbiota and immune system, dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier may be an important factor facilitating bacterial translocation. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in human chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis, and to discuss possible contributing factors and mechanisms. Data suggest the presence of intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with chronic liver diseases, but are more convincing in patients with cirrhosis, especially in those with complications. The barrier dysfunction can result from both direct and indirect effects of aetiological factors, such as alcohol and obesity, which can cause chronic liver diseases and ultimately cirrhosis. On the other hand characteristics of cirrhosis itself, including portal hypertension, alterations in the intestinal microbiota, inflammation and oxidative stress can affect barrier function of both small and large intestine and may contribute to the development of complications. In conclusion, there are indications for intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with chronic liver diseases and especially in patients with cirrhosis, which can be caused by various factors affecting both the small and large intestine.