bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of IgG4 in the predictive model of thyroiditis
Authors: Pandrc Milena S , Petrović Stanko , Kostovski Vanja , Petrović Marijana , Zarić Miloš 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4-related sclerosing disease (IgG4-RSD) is a new disease entity first proposed with regard to autoimmune pancreatitis. A 67-year-old male patient was examined because of weight loss and an abdominal pain. Based on the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and ultrasound features, we identified the diagnosis of the IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD), that was confirmed by the histopathological analysis after the biopsy of the head of pancreas. After confirmation, we started with the corticosteroid therapy with a good clinical, biochemical and morphological response. During the previous therapy, the disturbance of glucoregulation appeared, so we had to change the modality of treatment. We decided to add Azathioprine to the therapy in a dose of 150 mg/day. We achieved a stable phase of the disease with IgG 4.37 g/l and IgG4 0.179 g/l, and with no side effects from the therapy.

Learning points

There are potential clinical applications of identifying subsets of patients with IgG4 thyroiditis (FVHT and Riedel thyroiditis).

A trial of immunosuppressive therapy should be included if a resection is deemed inadvisable.

In particular, cases of FVHT that mimic malignancy, tissue and serum IgG4 may provide supportive diagnostic information.
Pure aldosterone-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma in a patient with refractory primary hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Hussain S , Panteliou E , Berney D M , Carpenter R , Matson M , Sahdev A , Bell M , O'Sullivan E , Drake W M 
Published: August 2015

Summary
We describe a young male patient with longstanding hypertension, who was diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism and treated by an attempted retroperitoneoscopic total unilateral adrenalectomy for a left-sided presumed aldosterone-secreting adenoma. Imaging had shown an unremarkable focal adrenal lesion with normal contralateral adrenal morphology, and histology of the resected specimen showed no adverse features. Post-operatively, his blood pressure and serum aldosterone levels fell to the normal range, but 9 months later, his hypertension recurred, primary aldosteronism was again confirmed and he was referred to our centre. Repeat imaging demonstrated an irregular left-sided adrenal lesion with normal contralateral gland appearances. Adrenal venous sampling was performed, which supported unilateral (left-sided) aldosterone hypersecretion. Redo surgery via a laparoscopically assisted transperitoneal approach was performed and multiple nodules were noted extending into the retroperitoneum. It was thought unlikely that complete resection had been achieved. His blood pressure returned to normal post-operatively, although hypokalaemia persisted. Histological examination, from this second operation, showed features of an adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC; including increased mitoses and invasion of fat) that was assessed as malignant using the scoring systems of Weiss and Aubert. Biochemical hyperaldosteronism persisted post-operatively, and detailed urine steroid profiling showed no evidence of adrenal steroid precursors or other mineralocorticoid production. He received flank radiotherapy to the left adrenal bed and continues to receive adjunctive mitotane therapy for a diagnosis of a pure aldosterone-secreting ACC.

Learning points

Pure aldosterone-secreting ACCs are exceptionally uncommon, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with primary aldosteronism.

Aldosterone-producing ACCs may not necessarily show typical radiological features consistent with malignancy.

Patients who undergo surgical treatment for primary aldosteronism should have follow-up measurements of blood pressure to monitor for disease recurrence, even if post-operative normotension is thought to indicate a surgical ‘cure’.

Owing to the rarity of such conditions, a greater understanding of their natural history is likely to come from wider cooperation with, and contribution to, large multi-centre outcomes databases.
Silencios que hacen ruido: De cómo se sobrepuso John Stuart Mill de los estados melancólicos del utilitarismo
Authors: Trincado Aznar Estrella 
Published: August 2015

John Stuart Mill inicialmente basaba su concepción del suicidio en la teoría de Hume y en la aritmética moral de Bentham; sin embargo, tuvo una experiencia transformadora en su juventud, momento en que deseó quitarse la vida que superó leyendo a los románticos ingleses. Este artículo muestra la visión de Mill sobre el suicidio, que silenció durante años, a través de la concepción de los románticos, de la de Hume y también de la de Adam Smith. Efectivamente, en la Teoría de los Sentimientos Morales Smith tuvo el valor de criticar la famosa defensa de Hume del suicidio; sin embargo, y a pesar de que la influencia de La Riqueza de las Naciones en Mill ha sido ampliamente estudiada, se ha pasado por alto la posible influencia de la teoría moral de Smith en la superación de su crisis mental.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/t.20.1.2518Silencios que hacen ruido: De cómo se sobrepuso John Stuart Mill de los estados melancólicos del utilitarismo
Late Preterm Infants and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Kindergarten
Authors: Woythaler Melissa , McCormick Marie C. , Mao Wen-Yang , Smith Vincent C. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Late preterm infants (LPIs) (gestation 34 weeks and 0 days to 36 weeks and 6 days) compared with full-term infants (FTIs) are at increased risk for mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes in a longitudinal cohort study of LPIs from infancy to school age and determine predictive values of earlier developmental testing compared with school-age testing.

METHODS:
We used general estimating equations to calculate the odds of school readiness in a nationally representative cohort of 4900 full-term and 950 late preterm infants. We generated positive and negative predictive values of the ability of the 24-month Mental Developmental Index (MDI) scores of the Bayley Short Form, Research Edition, to predict Total School Readiness Score (TSRS) at kindergarten age.

RESULTS:
In multivariable analysis, late preterm infants had higher odds of worse TSRSs (adjusted odds ratio 1.52 [95% confidence interval 1.06–2.18], P = .0215). The positive predictive value of a child having an MDI of &lt;70 at 24 months and a TSRS &lt;5% at kindergarten was 10.4%. The negative predictive value of having an MDI of &gt;70 at 24 months and a TSRS &gt;5% was 96.8%. Most infants improved score ranking over the study interval.

CONCLUSIONS:
LPIs continue to be delayed at kindergarten compared with FTIs. The predictive validity of having a TSRS in the bottom 5% given a MDI &lt;70 at 24 months was poor. A child who tested within the normal range (&gt;85) at 24 months had an excellent chance of testing in the normal range at kindergarten.
IL-17A Contributes to the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis by Triggering Proinflammatory Cytokines and Angiogenic Growth Factors
Authors: Ahn Soo Hyun , Edwards Andrew K. , Singh Sukhbir S. , Young Steven L. , Lessey Bruce A. , Tayade Chandrakant 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue in aberrant locations outside the uterus. Neoangiogenesis or establishment of new blood supply is one of the fundamental requirements of endometriotic lesion survival in the peritoneal cavity. IL-17A is emerging as a potent angiogenic and proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathophysiology of several chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. However, sparse information is available in the context of endometriosis. In this study, we demonstrate the potential importance of IL-17A in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. The data show a differential expression of IL-17A in human ectopic endometriotic lesions and matched eutopic endometrium from women with endometriosis. Importantly, surgical removal of lesions resulted in significantly reduced plasma IL-17A concentrations. Immunohistochemistry revealed localization of IL-17A primarily in the stroma of matched ectopic and eutopic tissue samples. In vitro stimulation of endometrial epithelial carcinoma cells, Ishikawa cells, and HUVECs with IL-17A revealed significant increase in angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor and IL-8), proinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-1β), and chemotactic cytokines (G-CSF, CXCL12, CXCL1, and CX3CL1). Furthermore, IL-17A promoted tubulogenesis of HUVECs plated on Matrigel in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, we provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that endometriotic lesions produce IL-17A and that the removal of the lesion via laparoscopic surgery leads to the significant reduction in the systemic levels of IL-17A. Taken together, our data show a likely important role of IL-17A in promoting angiogenesis and proinflammatory environment in the peritoneal cavity for the establishment and maintenance of endometriosis lesions.
Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions in Children Attending the Department of Pediatrics in a Tertiary Care Center: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Digra Kishour Kumar , Pandita Aakash , Saini G. S. , Bharti Rajni 
Published: August 2015

AIM To study the pattern of various adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring in children attending the Department of Pediatrics, SMGS Hospital, Jammu over 1 year. Subjects and Methods This was a prospective study, with study population of patients attending Department of Pediatrics over a period of 1 year. A structured format was used to enroll the participants. A pilot study was conducted to test the suitability of the format and feasibility of the study. The study was carried out to review various pattern of ADRs by using the Naranjo probability scale, and severity was assessed by using the Hartwig severity scale. ADRs were classified according to the classification used by the Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center, Central Drugs Standard Control Organization, New Delhi, India. Results In the present study, 104 patients were found to have developed acute drug reactions. Among these, 83.6% were type B, 14.42% type A, and 1.92% were type U. Furthermore, 25.96% ADRs were due to anticonvulsants, followed by antibiotics (22.11%), antipyretics (11.53%), vaccination (8.65%), steroids (6.73%), decongestants (5.67%), snake antivenom and antiemetics (3.84%), and fluids, insulin, and antacids (1.92%). The patients’ dermatological system was involved in 67.30%, followed by the central nervous system (CNS) in 11.53% patients. Renal system was involved in 6.73% patients. Cardiac, musculoskeletal, metabolic, and other systems were involved in 4.80%, 3.84%, 2.88%, and 0.96%, respectively. According to the Hartwig severity scale of ADRs, 64.4% patients had moderate ADRs, 29.8% patients had severe ADRs, and 5.76% had mild ADRs. In the present study, 64.4% patients expressed moderate severity, whereas 29.8% expressed high severity and 5.76% expressed mild ADRs. Conclusion ADRs were seen in 71% of the patients between 1 and 5 years of age, 26% in the age group of 5–10 years, and 3% were more than 10 years old. Anticonvulsants (25.96%) and antibiotics (22.11%) were responsible for majority of ADRs. Rash (55.76%) was the most common presentation of ADR. Owing to the high number of ADRs, the present study points to the need for rigid adverse drug monitoring among pediatric patients to ensure the safety of drug therapy.
Topical diclofenac does not affect the antiplatelet properties of aspirin as compared to the intermediate effects of oral diclofenac: A prospective, randomized, complete crossover study
Authors: Rowcliffe M. , Nezami B. , Westphal E. S. , Rainka M. , Janda M. , Bates V. , Gengo F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adversely interact with aspirin, diminishing its antiplatelet effect and potentially placing patients at an increased risk for recurrent thrombotic events. This crossover study aimed to determine whether the topical NSAID diclofenac epolamine 1.3% patch or oral diclofenac 50 mg interfered with the antiplatelet effects of aspirin 325 mg. Twelve healthy men and women aged 18‐50 were included. Participants were randomized into 5 treatment arms: aspirin, diclofenac potassium 50 mg, diclofenac patch, diclofenac potassium plus ASA 325 mg, and diclofenac patch plus aspirin. Platelet responsiveness was determined using whole‐blood impedance aggregation (WBA) to collagen 1 μg/mL and arachidonic acid (AA) 0.5 mM and was sampled every 2 hours. No significant difference in platelet function was observed following the diclofenac patch and aspirin vs aspirin alone. Oral diclofenac produced a mixed effect with significant reduction in platelet inhibition at hour 2 and hour 8 following aspirin administration. Topical diclofenac does not significantly interfere with the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and may be a safer alternative to the oral formulation.
Real‐time histological imaging of kidneys stained with food dyes using multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Nagao Yasuaki , Kimura Kazushi , Wang Shujie , Fujiwara Takeshi , Mizoguchi Akira 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTWe have developed a real‐time imaging technique for diagnosis of kidney diseases which is composed of two steps, staining renal cells safely with food dyes and optical sectioning of living renal tissue to obtain histological images by multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Here, we demonstrated that the MPM imaging with food dyes, including erythrosine and indigo carmine, could be used as fluorescent agents to visualize renal functions and structures such as glomerular bloodstreams, glomerular filtration, and morphology of glomeruli and renal tubules. We also showed that the kidneys of IgA nephropathy model‐mice stained with the food dyes presented histopathological characteristics different from those observed in normal kidneys. The use of the food dyes enhances the quality of tissue images obtained by MPM and offers the potential to contribute to a clinical real‐time diagnosis of kidney diseases. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:847–858, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Präventive operative Optionen für Frauen mit einer familiären Brust- und Eierstockkrebsbelastung
Authors: Rhiem Kerstin 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung
Für das familiäre Mamma- und Ovarialkarzinom ist seit der Entdeckung der beiden Hochrisikogene BRCA1 und BRCA2 in den 1990er-Jahren die genetische Testung und die damit einhergehende individuelle Risikobestimmung möglich. In den zurückliegenden 20 Jahren waren im Rahmen der Betreuung von BRCA-Mutationsträgerinnen und ihren Familien die Bestimmung der Inzidenz und des Phänotyps der Karzinome sowie der Nachweis der Effizienz von prophylaktischen Operationen, intensivierter Brustkrebsfrüherkennung und zielgerichteter Therapieverfahren möglich. Dies versetzt uns heute in die Lage, bei Ratsuchenden individuelle Risikokalkulationen durchzuführen und sie im Rahmen nicht direktiver Beratungsgespräche auf dem Weg zu einer informierten und präferenzsensiblen Entscheidung in Bezug auf die Inanspruchnahme risikoadaptierter Präventionsmaßnahmen zu begleiten. Aktuell und zukünftig gilt es die Herausforderungen z. B. im Zusammenhang mit der Zulassung des ersten PARP-Inhibitors sowie mit der Entdeckung neuer Risikogene zu bewältigten. Schwerpunkt dieses Artikels ist der Nachweis, dass v. a. Frauen mit Mutationen in den Hochrisikogenen BRCA1/2 von operativen Maßnahmen profitieren.
Reciprocal longitudinal associations between substance use and child‐to‐parent violence in adolescents
Authors: Calvete Esther , Orue Izaskun , Gámez‐Guadix Manuel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChild‐to‐parent violence (CPV) is a type of violence that has received little attention despite its increasing rates in Western countries. Several models state that substance abuse constitutes a risk factor for aggressive behavior and that relationships among these variables can be reciprocal. In this study, the temporal relationships among substance use and physical and psychological CPV were examined. A sample of 981 adolescents (mean age = 15.22 years, SD = 1.2 years) completed measures of substance use and CPV at three time points (T1, T2, and T3) spaced 6 months apart. The results indicated that T1 levels of substance use predicted an increase in psychological CPV at T2 and that T2 levels of substance use predicted an increase in physical CPV at T3. Additionally, several mediational mechanisms emerged between substance use at T1 and CPV at T3. Neither physical nor psychological CPV predicted an increase in substance use at any time. Multiple comparisons indicated that the predictive association between substance use and physical aggression against parents was significant only in boys. These findings suggest that preventive programs for CPV should include specific components for reducing substance use.
Endoscopic balloon‐based radiofrequency ablation for long‐segment early esophageal squamous cell neoplasia
Authors: Tsai Ying‐Nan , Lee Ching‐Tai , Tang Tao‐Qian , Chang I‐Wei , Chang Chi‐Yang , Mo Lein‐Ray , Wang Wen‐Lun 
Published: August 2015

SummaryEsophageal cancer is a common and highly lethal disease. In the Asia‐Pacific region, esophageal squamous cell neoplasias are the major forms of the disease. Recent advances in endoscopic therapy enable curative treatment of early esophageal squamous cell neoplasias, however, the technique is complicated and requires a high level of expertise, especially for those with long‐segment lesions. Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation is a rapidly evolving treatment modality and has been shown to have good efficacy and safety for the treatment of dysplasia in cases of Barrett's esophagus. Theoretically, it can also be used to treat squamous dysplasia. We report a case of a 48‐year‐old man with an 8‐cm‐long circumferential squamous high‐grade dysplasia over the esophagus (from 21 cm to 29 cm below the incisor) that was treated successfully and safely with balloon‐based radiofrequency ablation. The procedure took only around 30 minutes to complete. There were no major adverse events during and after the procedure. In addition, we examined the histology of the esophageal coagulum, which showed an extensive cauterization effect with focal dysplasia within the ablated epithelium. Follow‐up endoscopy at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months showed no residual lesion, and biopsies also confirmed complete remission.
Structure of mammalian DNA methyltransferase as deduced from the inferred amino acid sequence and direct studies of the protein
Authors: BESTOR TIMOTHY 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase (DNA MeTase) establishes and maintains methylation patterns in the genome of higher eukaryotes. This enzyme has been purified, and the cDNA which encodes it has been cloned and sequenced. DNA MeTase appears to contain a large (1000 amino acid) N-terminal domain that contains potential metal-binding sites. This domain appears to contain a series of five to seven structural units of Mr about 20 000, since post-translational processing in vivo or partial proteolysis of the purified protein in vitro leads to the production of a series of catalytically active species differing in Mr by units of 20 000. The N-terminal domain is fused to a smaller (570 amino acid) C-terminal domain that is related to bacterial type II cytosine methyltransferases. The relevance of these findings for the biological function of DNA MeTase is discussed.
CRISPR adaptation in Escherichia coli subtypeI-E system
Authors: Kiro Ruth , Goren Moran G. , Yosef Ido , Qimron Udi 
Published: August 2015

The CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and their associated Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins are a prokaryotic adaptive defence system against foreign nucleic acids. The CRISPR array comprises short repeats flanking short segments, called ‘spacers’, which are derived from foreign nucleic acids. The process of spacer insertion into the CRISPR array is termed ‘adaptation’. Adaptation allows the system to rapidly evolve against emerging threats. In the present article, we review the most recent studies on the adaptation process, and focus primarily on the subtype I-E CRISPR–Cas system of Escherichia coli.
Single-sensor multispeaker listening with acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Xie Yangbo , Tsai Tsung-Han , Konneker Adam , Popa Bogdan-Ioan , Brady David J. , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Combining acoustic metamaterials and compressive sensing, we demonstrate here a single-sensor multispeaker listening system that functionally mimics the selective listening and sound separation capabilities of human auditory systems. Different from previous research efforts that generally rely on signal and speech processing techniques to solve the “cocktail party” listening problem, our proposed method is a unique hardware-based approach by exploiting carefully designed acoustic metamaterials. We not only believe that the results of this work are significant for communities of various disciplines that have been pursuing the understanding and engineering of cocktail party listening over the past decades, but also that the system design approach of combining physical layer design and computational sensing will impact on traditional acoustic sensing and imaging modalities.
Breakthrough of SIV strain smE660 challenge in SIV strain mac239-vaccinated rhesus macaques despite potent autologous neutralizing antibody responses
Authors: Burton Samantha L. , Kilgore Katie M. , Smith S. Abigail , Reddy Sharmila , Hunter Eric , Robinson Harriet L. , Silvestri Guido , Amara Rama R. , Derdeyn Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
It is widely believed that if an HIV vaccine elicits moderate in vitro titers of serum neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against a challenge virus, it will prevent infection. This paradigm is based on studies in which passive transfer of HIV-specific nAbs protected rhesus macaques from mucosal challenge with a chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus. However, it is unknown whether this direct relationship can be extrapolated to protection in the setting of active immunization. Our data suggest that the relationship between serum in vitro nAb titers and protection from mucosal SIV challenge is more complex than previously recognized in the setting of active immunization, warranting further studies to understand the balance between immune activation, target cell availability, and protective antibody responses.
Structures of two bacterial resistance factors mediating tRNA-dependent aminoacylation of phosphatidylglycerol with lysine or alanine
Authors: Hebecker Stefanie , Krausze Joern , Hasenkampf Tatjana , Schneider Julia , Groenewold Maike , Reichelt Joachim , Jahn Dieter , Heinz Dirk W. , Moser Jürgen 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceLipid homeostasis is a fundamental process for understanding antimicrobial susceptibility. Modification of the polar head group of phosphatidylglycerol into the respective aminoacyl-ester of phosphatidylglycerol is a widely used strategy to mediate bacterial resistance. Here we present the structures of the catalytic domains of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthases fromPseudomonas aeruginosaandBacillus licheniformis. These prototypical enzymes specifically catalyze the tRNA-dependent synthesis of alanyl-phosphatidylglycerol and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol, respectively. A central tunnel architecture facilitates binding of the polar aminoacyl-tRNA molecule opposite the hydrophobic lipid substrate as a fundamental principle for the catalysis at the water–lipid interface. Specific inhibition of aminoacyl-phosphatidylglycerol synthases might be a promising strategy to render Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria more susceptible to antimicrobial treatment.