bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytomorphological and clinicopathological spectrum of pulmonary marginal zone lymphoma: the utility of immunophenotyping, PCR and FISH studies
Authors: Ko H. M. , Geddie W. R. , Boerner S. L. , Rogalla P. , da Cunha Santos G. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo review cytomorphological criteria and clinicopathological findings in combination with ancillary tests for the specific diagnosis of pulmonary marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) in fine needle aspiration (FNA) specimens.MethodsCases of pulmonary MZL diagnosed using cytological specimens from 2005 to 2012 were retrieved and reviewed by three cytopathologists. Results of immunophenotypic analysis, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular assays were collated, together with clinical information and imaging data. Concurrent surgical biopsies were also retrieved.ResultsFifteen lung FNA specimens were identified. The smears consisted predominantly of small centrocyte‐like cells. Marked plasma cell differentiation was evident in 11 cases. All cases with slides available showed tissue fragments with lymphoid tangles (TFLTs). Multinucleated giant cells were present in nine cases, two of which showed granulomas. Immunophenotyping confirmed B‐cell clonality in all cases. B‐cell clonality was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in two samples. FISH identified MALT1 translocation in four of 10 cases tested and trisomy 3 in three of four cases. Concurrent surgical biopsies were diagnosed independently as MZL in seven cases.ConclusionsCytology smears from lung FNA samples consisting of small lymphoid cells with a relative abundance of plasma cells or plasmacytoid cells and large TFLTs should prompt immunophenotyping and other ancillary studies, even if multinucleated giant cells and poorly formed granulomas are also identified. Specific diagnosis of pulmonary MZL in FNA samples can be rendered on the basis of morphological features coupled with the demonstration of B‐cell clonality by immunophenotyping or PCR and cytogenetic abnormalities by FISH.
Molecular characterization of dental development in a toothed archosaur, the American alligator Alligator mississippiensis
Authors: Weeks Olivia , Bhullar Bhart‐Anjan S. , Abzhanov Arhat 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYFew skeletal structures are as informative of the adaptive natural history of vertebrate animals as their teeth. Understanding principles of tooth development is key to understanding evolution of the vertebrate dentition in general and emergence of multiple specialized tooth types in particular. Morphological and phylogenetic considerations suggest that crocodilians have the most primitive mode of dentition within extant tetrapods, displaying simple, conical, socketed, and continuously replaced teeth. Previous histological studies revealed several dental fates, including functional and non‐functional teeth (rudiments) in the developing alligator embryos. We analyze expression of key odontogenic regulators and markers to better characterize the molecular patterning of crocodilian dentition. Importantly, we demonstrate that the morphologically distinct tooth types in Alligator mississippiensis are distinguishable by differences in their developmental programs. We also present evidence showing that tooth maturation is accompanied by dynamic gene expression in the epithelial and mesenchymal cells involved in tooth development. Our data reveal a significant morphological and genetic variation in early dental fates. We believe that this underlying developmental variation reflects modularity, or the ability of teeth to develop semi‐autonomously along the alligator jaw. We propose that such modularity may have been a crucial for adaptive evolution within Amniota, allowing for the progressive modifications to tooth replacement, number, and shape.
A new embryonic pattern in parasitic wasps: divergence in early development may not be associated with lifestyle
Authors: Mancini Donato , Garonna Antonio P. , Pedata Paolo A. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYComparative embryogenesis of Encarsia formosa and Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera Aphelinidae), two endoparasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera Aleyrodidae), revealed two strongly diverging developmental patterns. Indeed, the centrolecithal anhydropic egg of E. formosa developed through a superficial cleavage, as it occurs in Nasonia vitripennis, Apis mellifera, and Drosophila melanogaster. In contrast, the alecithal hydropic egg of E. pergandiella developed through holoblastic cleavage within a specialized extra‐embryonic membrane (EEM). Since this developmental pattern evolved independently in several lineages of hymenopteran endoparasitoids, departures from the superficial cleavage mode have been argued to be strongly canalized in response to a shift from ecto‐ to endoparasitic lifestyle. Coexistence of both developmental patterns in two congeneric species suggests that alterations of early embryonic development may not be correlated with lifestyle. In addition, embryogenesis of E. pergandiella exhibited the following developmental novelties compared to other species possessing a hydropic egg: (i) polar body derivatives early acquired a cytoskeletal boundary prior to any other cellularization event; (ii) cellularization was asynchronous, starting with an early differentiation of a single apical blastomere at the end of the third cleavage; (iii) appearance of cytoskeletal boundaries of embryo blastomeres occurred between the third and fourth cleavages; (iv) the EEM originated through asynchronous participation of three separate lineages of cleavage nuclei, one of which associated with the polar body derivatives in a syncytium. Our results confirm a scenario of high plasticity in the early developmental strategies of hymenopteran endoparasitoids.
Deficiency of zebrafish fgf20a results in aberrant skull remodeling that mimics both human cranial disease and evolutionarily important fish skull morphologies
Authors: Cooper W. James , Wirgau Rachel M. , Sweet Elly M. , Albertson R. Craig 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThe processes that direct skull remodeling are of interest to both human‐oriented studies of cranial dysplasia and evolutionary studies of skull divergence. There is increasing awareness that these two fields can be mutually informative when natural variation mimics pathology. Here we describe a zebrafish mutant line, devoid of blastema (dob), which does not have a functional fgf20a protein, and which also presents cranial defects similar to both adaptive and clinical variation. We used geometric morphometric methods to provide quantitative descriptions of the effects of the dob mutation on skull morphogenesis. In combination with “whole‐mount in situ hybridization” labeling of normal fgf20a expression and assays for osteoblast and osteoclast activity, the results of these analyses indicate that cranial dysmorphologies in dob zebrafish are generated by aberrations in post‐embryonic skull remodeling via decreased osteoblasotgenesis and increased osteoclastogenesis. Mutational effects include altered skull vault geometries and midfacial hypoplasia that are consistent with key diagnostic signs for multiple human craniofacial syndromes. These phenotypic shifts also mimic changes in the functional morphology of fish skulls that have arisen repeatedly in several highly successful radiations (e.g., damselfishes and East‐African rift‐lake cichlids). Our results offer the dob/fgf20a mutant as an experimentally tractable model with which to examine post‐embryonic skull development as it relates to human disease and vertebrate evolution.
Evaluation and clinical use of an intraoral inferior alveolar nerve block in the horse
Authors: Henry T. , Pusterla N. , Guedes A. G. P. , Verstraete F. J. M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyLocal anaesthesia is often required to facilitate invasive procedures in equine dental patients under standing sedation.ObjectivesTo show that an intraoral approach can be used to desensitise the inferior alveolar nerve in horses and report complications seen with this technique.MethodsThe distance of the mandibular foramen from the distal (caudal) edge of the mandibular third molar tooth, rostral edge of the mandibular ramus and ventral margin of the mandible were measured in 26 adult equine skulls of various ages and breeds. Computed tomography (CT) was used to verify the placement of the local anaesthetic with a custom‐made device on 4 equine cadaver heads. The technique was applied in 43 clinical cases having procedures performed on the mandibular quadrants using the delivery device.ResultsComputed tomography demonstrated that the intraoral approach provided deposition of the local anaesthetic at the mandibular foramen and anatomical localisation of mandibular foramen indicated that anaesthetic solution could be delivered with a 38 mm needle. Clinical patients to lerated invasive dental procedures following the inferior alveolar nerve block with a 5 ml dose of local anaesthetic, without evidence of self‐inflicted lingual trauma.ConclusionsThe inferior alveolar nerve was successfully desensitised with the intraoral approach with minimal complications. The reduced volume of local anaesthetic and ability to deposit the local anaesthetic in close proximity to the nerve compared with an extraoral technique may decrease the complication of self‐inflicted lingual trauma.
The effects of artificial lighting on adult aquatic and terrestrial insects
Authors: Perkin Elizabeth K. , Hölker Franz , Tockner Klement 
Published: November 2013

Summary

There is a growing concern that artificial light might affect local insect populations and disrupt their dispersal across the landscape. In this study, we investigated experimentally the effect of artificial light on flying insects in the field, with an emphasis on aquatic insects. We asked whether lights prevented the ability of insects to disperse across the landscape, a process that is crucial in colonising restored habitats.

We set up six, c. 3.5 m high downward facing high‐pressure sodium streetlights along a permanently connected oxbow in the Spree River of eastern Germany. We collected insects using 12 flight intercept traps, each with trays at three different heights (0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 m), placed at distances 0, 3, 40 and 75 m from the lights and 5, 8 and 80 m from water. The number of emerging aquatic insects in the study area was measured with six emergence traps. We emptied the traps 22 times between June and September 2010; the lights were on for 11 of these nights and off for the other 11.

In total, we caught almost 27 times as many insects at traps 0 m from the lights when the lights were on than when they were off. Most insects caught when the lights were on were aquatic, with Diptera being the most common order. Furthermore, the proportion of aquatic insects caught at traps 0, 3 and 40 m from the lights when they were on was significantly higher than when they were off. On lit nights, more aquatic insects were captured per hour and m2 (area in which flying insects were intercepted) at traps 0 m from the lights than emerged from per square metre per hour from the Spree River.

Our results suggest that adult aquatic insects can be negatively affected by artificial light and that city planners should take this into account when designing lighting systems along rivers.
The CARE Guidelines: Consensus‐Based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development
Authors: Gagnier Joel J. , Kienle Gunver , Altman Douglas G. , Moher David , Sox Harold , Riley David ,   CARE Group
Published: November 2013

BackgroundA case report is a narrative that describes, for medical, scientific, or educational purposes, a medical problem experienced by one or more patients. Case reports written without guidance from reporting standards are insufficiently rigorous to guide clinical practice or to inform clinical study design.ObjectiveDevelop, disseminate, and implement systematic reporting guidelines for case reports.MethodsWe used a three‐phase consensus process consisting of (1) pre‐meeting literature review and interviews to generate items for the reporting guidelines, (2) a face‐to‐face consensus meeting to draft the reporting guidelines, and (3) post‐meeting feedback, review, and pilot testing, followed by finalization of the case report guidelines.ResultsThis consensus process involved 27 participants and resulted in a 13‐item checklist—a reporting guideline for case reports. The primary items of the checklist are title, key words, abstract, introduction, patient information, clinical findings, timeline, diagnostic assessment, therapeutic interventions, follow‐up and outcomes, discussion, patient perspective, and informed consent.ConclusionsWe believe the implementation of the CARE (CAse REport) guidelines by medical journals will improve the completeness and transparency of published case reports and that the systematic aggregation of information from case reports will inform clinical study design, provide early signals of effectiveness and harms, and improve healthcare delivery.
Energetic Effects of Substitution of La–Nd and Si–Ge Oxyapatite‐Type Materials
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Mahboobeh , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: November 2013

A series of lanthanide oxyapatites, neodymium silicates (Nd9.33−xM3x/2(SiO4)6O2; x = 0.0 and 2.0 and M = Ca, Sr, and Ba), and lanthanum germanate (La10(GeO4)6O3) were prepared by a variety of heat treatments and characterized. High‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry in molten 2PbO–B2O3 solvent at 1078 K was performed to determine their enthalpies of formation from constituent oxides at room temperature. The energetics of these materials is discussed in terms of the effects of doping on two crystallographic sites, the lanthanide and tetrahedral sites. The enthalpy of formation from oxides becomes less exothermic by substituting La with Nd throughout the whole series, in both doped and undoped compositions, reflecting the smaller radius and lower basicity of Nd compared with La. Cation stoichiometric lanthanum germanate apatite (La10(GeO4)6O3) shows a more endothermic enthalpy of formation than the corresponding silicate, reflecting the larger radius and lower acidity of Ge than Si.
Data Sharing to Inform School‐Based Asthma Services
Authors: Portwood Sharon G. , Nelson Elissa B. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis article examines results and lessons learned from a collaborative project involving a large urban school district, its county health department, multiple community partners, and the local university to establish an effective system for data sharing to inform monitoring and evaluation of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools (CMS) Asthma Education Program (AEP).METHODSDatabases maintained by nurses, program staff, and school personnel were integrated into a single AEP Evaluation Database.RESULTSThere were a number of positive findings, including evidence that students with an elevated level of need received priority from AEP. A series of dependent group t tests analyzing changes across time in students' grade‐point averages and absences, as well as their implications, also demonstrated some improvements. Additional outcome analyses for the 296 students who received case management services demonstrated further program benefits in the areas of attendance, academic performance, behavior, and quality of life.CONCLUSIONSEnhancing the ability of school‐based programs to merge data across project partners will facilitate efforts not only to evaluate services but also to demonstrate program impact on a wide variety of health and academic outcomes for students.
Sustaining School‐Based Asthma Interventions Through Policy and Practice Change
Authors: Carpenter Laurie M. , Lachance Laurie , Wilkin Margaret , Clark Noreen M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools are an ideal setting for implementation of asthma interventions for children; however, sustaining school‐based programs can be challenging. This study illustrates policy and practice changes brought about through the Childhood Asthma Linkages in Missouri (CALM) program to sustain such programs.METHODSResearchers analyzed caregiver‐reported quantitative data regarding asthma‐related outcomes in preintervention and postintervention surveys and qualitative data regarding sustainability efforts in schools reported by CALM grantees. A grounded theory approach was used to identify key concepts and themes that emerged.RESULTSIn 330 children, significant improvements were seen in asthma symptoms, rescue inhaler use, health care utilization, school absenteeism, and activity limitations. Overall, 27 school‐based policy and practice changes supporting program sustainability were reported, with policy changes most often concerning the assessment and/or monitoring of children with asthma in the school setting, and practice changes most often regarding institution of regular asthma education programs for students and school personnel.CONCLUSIONSSustaining school‐based asthma programs is challenging, but can be realized through the participation of diverse partners in enacting policy and practice changes that support the institutionalization of programs into the day‐to‐day processes of the schools.
Challenges of Asthma Management for School Nurses in Districts With High Asthma Hospitalization Rates
Authors: Liberatos Penny , Leone Jennifer , Craig Ann Marie , Frei Elizabeth Mary , Fuentes Natalie , Harris India Marie 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchool nurses play a central role in assisting elementary school children in managing their asthma, especially those in higher‐risk school districts that are at increased risk of uncontrolled asthma. Study purposes are to (1) identify barriers to asthma management by school nurses in higher‐risk school districts; and (2) assess the extent to which National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) recommendations are followed in these districts.METHODSSchool districts containing at least one zipcode with high asthma hospitalization rates among children (0‐14 years) in a New York State county were identified. Nurses in 44 elementary schools were surveyed about asthma management during 2008. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected.RESULTSStudy nurses learned of children with asthma mainly through school records and when students presented with symptoms rather than through parents. The major obstacles to asthma management were communication with parents and parental support. Reluctance of some physicians to diagnose asthma in these children presented a barrier and contributed to the nurses' ability to gain parental cooperation. Adherence to the NAEPP school recommendations was inconsistent.CONCLUSIONSImprovement in the communication among parents, school nurses, and providers is critical to the improvement of asthma management for children in high‐risk school districts.
Enhancing School Asthma Action Plans: Qualitative Results From Southeast Minnesota Beacon Stakeholder Groups
Authors: Egginton Jason S. , Textor Lauren , Knoebel Erin , McWilliams Deborah , Aleman Marty , Yawn Barbara 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis study explores ways southeast Minnesota schools currently address asthma problems, identifies areas for improvement, and assesses the potential value of asthma action plans (AAPs) in schools.METHODSFocus groups were used to query stakeholder groups on asthma care in schools. Groups were held separately for elementary school personnel, parents of elementary school children with asthma, and health professionals (N = 103). Transcripts were analyzed by hand and by using NVivo 9 software.RESULTSOverall 103 stakeholders participated in focus groups. Major themes were (1) Communication; no uniform way of exchanging information between schools and health professionals. (2) Asthma Control Continuum; students require individualized instructions and information related to their asthma care. (3) Policy/Protocol; school staff roles and rules vary and are unclear. (4) Self‐Reliance; older children self‐manage their asthma and are unknown until they need emergent support. Solution recommended included AAPs used systematically with a method to communicate back from schools to physicians and parents.CONCLUSIONSThe AAP may solve several of the school's concerns regarding their ability to provide asthma support in school. However, the AAP must reach the school, and that is currently not happening. In addition, schools would like tools and systems to assess asthma control and share information back with parents and physicians.
Catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase and other meta‐cleavage catabolic pathway genes in the ‘anaerobic’ termite gut spirochete Treponema primitia
Authors: Lucey Kaitlyn S. , Leadbetter Jared R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMicroorganisms have evolved a spectacular diversity of metabolisms, some of which allow them to overcome environmental constraints, utilize abundant but inaccessible resources and drive nutrient cycling in various ecosystems. The termite hindgut microbial community is optimized to metabolize wood, and in recent years, the in situ physiological and ecological functions of community members have been researched. Spirochetes are abundant in the termite gut, and herein, putative aromatic meta‐cleavage pathway genes typical of aerobic pseudomonads were located in genomes of homoacetogenic termite hindgut ‘anaerobes’, Treponema primitia str. ZAS‐1 and ZAS‐2. Phylogenetic analyses suggest the T. primitia catechol 2,3‐dioxygenase and several other essential meta‐pathway genes were acquired from an α‐proteobacterium in the distant past to augment several genes T. primitia acquired from anaerobic firmicutes that do not directly catabolize aromatics but can contribute to the final pathway steps. Further, transcripts for each meta‐pathway gene were expressed in strictly anaerobic cultures of T. primitia str. ZAS‐2 indicative of constitutive pathway expression. Also, the addition of catechol + O2 to T. primitia liquid cultures resulted in the transient accumulation of trace amounts of the yellow ring cleavage product, hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. This is the first evidence of aromatic ring cleavage in the phylum (division) Spirochetes. Results also support a possible role for T. primitia in termite hindgut O2/lignin aromatic monomer metabolism. Potential O2‐dependent yet nonrespiratory microbial metabolisms have heretofore been overlooked and warrant further investigation. These metabolisms could describe the degradation of plant‐derived and other aromatics in microoxic environments and contribute significantly to carbon turnover.
Production of (Pleasant) Time by Means of (Unpleasant) Time: Some Notes on Consumption Theory and Time Use
Authors: Nisticò Sergio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to propose an analytical framework wherein the individuals' choice problem is addressed in terms of alternative time‐consuming activities rather than alternative bundles of goods and services. In particular, the paper reversesBecker's (1965,The Economic Journal, 75 (299), pp. 493–517) proposal to approach the problem of time allocation by transforming the time spent in consumption into foregone earnings. The result of reversingBecker's approach is a model that represents each activity as a sort of productive process allowing pleasant time to be produced by consuming ‘direct’ unpleasant time plus the ‘indirect’ amount of unpleasant time equivalent to the market goods used up as inputs.