bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A MULHER INDIGENA NA UNIVERSIDADE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE AS ESTUDANTES INDÍGENAS DA UFPR – SETOR LITORAL
Authors: Oliveira Valéria Dos Santos 
Published: February 2015

Este estudo teve por objetivo problematizar a questão de gênero no contextoindígena Guarani-Kaingang na Universidade, ao trazer relatos de mulheres indígenas que estudam na Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR Setor Litoral, destacando impactos e significações na vivência universitária destas mulheres. Para tanto, ocorreu uma aproximação teórica entre feminismos e estudos pós-coloniais, enfatizando o papel político que se pode notar no posicionamento de falas dessas mulheres. Foi problematizado também a questão da construção dos saberes no ocidente e a relação hierárquica deste frente as cosmologias indígenas, sem contudo pormenorizar os aspectos destas. A Metodologia utilizada foi a que combina a análise bibliográfica em livros, artigos, sites comdados de documentos acadêmicos de estudantes indígenas da UFPR, cotejando entrevistas realizadas com as 6 estudantes indígenas que cursam graduação na referida instituição. Reconheço que com esta opção, este trabalho poderá cumprir o papel de instigar a universidade, a comunidade indígena, enfim todas as pessoas a pensar sobre a presença, significância e importância da indígena nesse meio. Reitero que esta pesquisa se preste a subsidiar novos estudos, mais abrangentes e diversos e, por conseguinte, os resultados aqui obtidos sejam utilizados como contribuição para o aperfeiçoamento das pesquisas neste campo.
ENSINAR A COMPREENDER AS ENTRELINHAS
Authors: Gandin Rosangela Valachinski , Ferreira Luciana F , Carvalho Thais Guedes de , Ferreira Dabinei Lima 
Published: February 2015

O autor Marcuschi (1996) afirma que é intencional os vazios deixados pelo autor no texto, para que o leitor torne-se co-autor durante a leitura, enquanto Solé (1998) defende que as estratégias que levam à compreensão do texto são passíveis de serem ensinadas. Por isso, no projeto Clube da Leitura 120 crianças matriculadas no 3º, 4º e 5º ano do ensino fundamental participaram de sessões de leitura com o emprego das estratégias de Solé. Como avaliação, das 28 crianças entrevistadas, 97% responderam que apreciaram a atividade e 14 consideram a leitura agradável. Conclui-se que a leitura com mediação contribuiu com o desenvolvimento da compreensão leitora e com a formação do leitor literário
ESPAÇO RURAL E GEOGRAFIA: DIFERENTES ABORDAGENS NA RELAÇÃO CAMPO - CIDADE
Authors: Rosas Celbo Antonio Ramos da Fonseca 
Published: February 2015

A relação entre o campo e a cidade pode ser expressa de formas diversas na leitura da literatura e da realidade. O objetivo desse artigo, que faz parte das discussões da Tese de doutorado intitulada “A (des)construção da dicotomia rural-urbano no Extremo Noroeste Paulista”, direciona a análise da relação entre os espaços rural e urbano no contexto material e principalmente imaterial, na formação das expressões culturais de grupos sociais que vivem na conjunção da relação entre esses dois espaços no processo de formação do espaço através da transformação da natureza, conforme as necessidades e seus costumes culturais. Tais resultados partiram da pesquisa relacionando uma análise de base material e imaterial do espaço, resultando numa construção do espaço rural pelas relações sociais.
Kościuszko’s Influence as an American Military Leader
Authors: Pula James S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
He has been called the “hero of two continents.” General Horatio Gates, his commanding officer in the 1777 campaign, characterized him as “the only pure republican I ever knew. He is without dross.” General Nathanael Greene, under whom he served in the Southern campaigns, commented, “Among the most useful and agreeable of my companions in arms, was Colonel Kościuszko. Nothing could exceed his zeal for the public service, nor in the prosecution of various objects that presented themselves in our small but active warfare, could anything be more useful than his attention, vigilance and industry.”
“Fellow Cadets”—Charles Petigru’s Dedication of the Kościuszko Column at West Point
Authors: Petigru Charles 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Born in South Carolina, Charles Petigru entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1825. No sooner had he arrived than Superintendant Sylvanus Thayer formed a committee of cadets to select someone to be honored with the first monument to be raised at the academy. Five cadets—Petigru, Robert E. Lee, Charles Mason, John MacKay, and E. Basinger—discussed the issue, quickly deciding upon Tadeusz Kościuszko, the engineering officer charged with constructing the fortress during the American Revolution, as the first person to be so honored. John H. B. Latrobe, a former cadet and the son of Benjamin Latrobe, whose architectural work included the U.S. Capitol building, submitted the design of a fluted column and pedestal that was accepted. The location selected was at the northeastern corner of the storied plain, where cadets drilled overlooking the Hudson River Valley. “While your river flows and Country exists,” Latrobe commented, “no one will be at a loss to understand the Monument, its purpose, and its location.” The $5,000 cost of the monument was funded by a monthly 25¢ levy on each cadet’s stipend. When finished, it would be the second-oldest monument to the Revolutionary hero after the Kopiec Kościuszki (Kościuszko Mound) in Kraków.
Rythmique « expérience formation » et « mondes socioprofessionnels » : contribution à la construction d’une typologie de « formes identitaires » de chefs d’établissements scolaires privés du 1er degré à partir d’entretiens compréhensifs/biographiques
Authors: Grave Bruno 
Published: February 2015

Permettre aux personnes souhaitant se professionnaliser, de vivre différentes situations, à différents moments, tantôt de formation, tantôt d’exercice professionnel, est une finalité recherchée dans la conception-organisation des dispositifs de formation professionnelle. Ainsi, ces personnes, « dialoguant » avec les différentes situations, à différents moments, font du lien, du sens et construisent des apprentissages professionnels. Ce dialogue ou cette rythmique « formation/expérience » ne caractérisent-ils que le mouvement alternant opéré par ces personnes se professionnalisant à l’interne d’un dispositif de formation professionnelle? Ne peut-on pas considérer, observer, explorer ce dialogue, cette rythmique, sur des temporalités plus longues, au-delà de la durée des dispositifs de formation, à l’échelle, par exemple, d’une carrière?
L’article ci-dessous tente de restituer l’exploration (le traitement) de quatre entretiens compréhensifs/biographiques de chefs d’établissements privés français du 1er degré à partir d’un cadre d’analyse que nous avons appelé « régimes de temporalités formatives et professionnelles ». S’inscrivant dans un travail de thèse visant à mettre en évidence les dynamiques professionnelles de ce groupe professionnel émergent, l’analyse de ce dialogue, de cette rythmique « formation/expérience » participe à la typification d’entretiens correspondant à un « monde socioprofessionnel », à une « forme identitaire » spécifique de ces chefs d’établissements.
Devenir enseignant en ligne à l’université : une rythmo-formation complexe
Authors: Lesourd Francis 
Published: February 2015

Cet article s’appuie sur une expérience d’enseignement en ligne d’une dizaine d’années conduite à l’université Paris 8. Après avoir présenté rapidement le champ paradigmatique tensionnel de l’enseignement supérieur en ligne en y situant les pratiques de l’équipe pédagogique, nous interrogerons en termes d’arts de faire l’expérience des enseignants passant du présentiel au distanciel. Arts de faire relatifs à la complexité des temps et des rythmes vécus, mais aussi à l’angoisse face au temps de l’institution qui s’estompe dans l’enseignement à distance. Nous considérerons qu’à travers les tours de main inventés et les angoisses traversées, ce passage du présentiel au distanciel s’accompagne — pour reprendre la distinction de Wittorski (2003) — de formes de professionnalisation de l’organisation et des acteurs.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Use in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Medical Record Review
Authors: Ault Brian , Levy David 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Context: Although the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) appears to be declining, data on the use of OMT in the emergency department (ED) are not available.

Objective: To determine the quantity and characteristics of OMT performed in a single, community academic ED that houses an osteopathic emergency medicine residency.

Design: Retrospective medical record review.

Setting: A single large community academic ED with an osteopathic emergency medicine residency from July 14, 2005, to March 4, 2013.

Participants: Patients in the ED who received OMT (N=2076).

Main Outcome Measures: Medical record data were analyzed to determine patient demographics; treatment characteristics including number of procedures and patients per physician, OMT techniques used, night vs day procedure variation, and financial implication of future billing for OMT; chief complaints; primary discharge diagnoses; and length of stay in the ED.

Results: Patients were aged 0 to 95 years (mean, 39 years) and were predominately female (1260 [60.69%]) and white (1300 [62.62%]). A mean of 0.74 patients received OMT per day, and a mean of 29.65 procedures were performed per physician. When data for residents were looked at separately, the mean was higher at 40.32 procedures per physician. The top 3 discharge diagnoses were low back pain (189 patients [9.10%]), muscle spasm (106 patients [5.11%]), and spasm: muscle, back (93 patients [4.48%]). Eleven different OMT techniques were recorded, with myofascial release being used most frequently (1150 of 2868 procedures [40.09%]), followed by muscle energy (672 [23.43%]). The average length of stay in the ED was 206 minutes. A total of 1663 OMT procedures (80%) were performed during the day, whereas 413 (20%) were performed at night. Potential procedural billing for all OMT performed during the study period was $33.09 per day.

Conclusion: In contrast to perceptions that OMT use is declining, the authors found that OMT is being performed on a near daily basis in the ED. Additional research is needed to fully understand the impact of OMT in the ED.
Effectiveness of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Pilot Project
Authors: Burnham Taylor , Higgins Derek C. , Burnham Robert S. , Heath Deborah M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractContext:Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has been recognized as a management option for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), although limited research exists to substantiate its effectiveness.Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of OMT in the management of CTS.Methods:This single-blinded quasi-controlled trial was conducted at an academic institution. Participants with CTS underwent weekly OMT sessions for 6 consecutive weeks. The main outcome measures were the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ), a sensory symptom diagram (SSD), patient estimate of overall change, electrophysiologic testing of the median nerve (trans–carpal tunnel motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity and amplitude ratio), and carpal tunnel ultrasound imaging of the cross-sectional area of the median nerve and transverse carpal ligament length and bowing. All outcome measures were administered to participants before the first OMT session. Immediately after the first session, electrophysiologic testing of the median nerve and ultrasound imaging of the carpal tunnel were repeated. After 6 weeks of OMT, all outcome measures were readministered.Results:Results of the BCTQ revealed statistically significant improvements in symptoms and function after 6 weeks of OMT (F=11.0;P=.004), and the improvements tended to be more pronounced on the treated side. The drop in SSD scores after 6 weeks of treatment was statistically significant (F=4.19;P=.0002). Patient estimate of overall improvement of symptoms was statistically significant for the treated side. No statistically significant changes in electrophysiologic function of the median nerve, cross-sectional area of the median nerve, or transverse carpal ligament bowing were observed. After treatment, the increase in transverse carpal ligament length was statistically significant, but no side-to-side difference was detected.Conclusion:Osteopathic manipulative treatment resulted in patient-perceived improvement in symptoms and function associated with CTS. However, median nerve function and morphology at the carpal tunnel did not change, possibly indicating a different mechanism by which OMT acted, such as central nervous system processes.
Adult-Acquired Hidden Penis in Obese Patients: A Critical Survey of the Literature
Authors: Cavayero Chase T. , Cooper Meghan A. , Harlin Stephen L. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Context: Hidden penis is anatomically defined by a lack of firm attachments of the skin and dartos fascia to the underlying Buck fascia.

Objective: To critically appraise the research evidence that could support the most effective surgical techniques for adult-acquired hidden penis in obese patients.

Methods: Studies investigating patients with a diagnosis of hidden penis were identified. Of these studies, only those with adult patients classified as overweight or obese (body mass index >25) were included in the review. Three reviewers examined the abstracts of the studies identified in the initial Medline search, and abstracts considered potentially relevant underwent full-text review. Studies that included patients with congenital, iatrogenic (eg, circumcision issues or aesthetic genital surgery), or traumatic causes of hidden penis were excluded. Studies that did not define the diagnostic criteria for hidden penis were excluded to minimize the risk of definition bias. The quality of evidence for each study was determined after considering the following sources of bias: method of allocation to study groups, data analysis, presence of baseline differences between groups, objectivity of outcome, and completeness of follow-up. Using these criteria, studies were then graded as high, moderate, or low in quality.

Results: Seven studies with a total of 119 patients met the inclusion criteria. All but 1 of the studies were nonrandomized. One study provided a clear presentation of results and appropriate statistical analysis. Six studies accounted for individual-based differences, and 1 study failed to account for baseline differences altogether. Four studies addressed follow-up. One study was of high quality, 2 were of moderate quality, and 4 were of low quality.

Conclusion: Building a clinical practice guideline for the surgical management of hidden penis has proven difficult because of a lack of high-quality, statistically significant data in the research synthesis. The authors elucidate the challenges and epitomize the collective wisdom of surgeons who have investigated this problem and emphasize the need for rigorous evaluative studies.
Postoperative Singultus: An Osteopathic Approach
Authors: Petree Kristie , Bruner Jonathan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Singultus, or hiccups, is a common medical condition. Despite exponential leaps in medicine, the pathophysiologic cause remains poorly defined. Persistent singultus has been associated with conditions such as pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction. Singultus is also a well-known postoperative complication. The criterion standard of care for patients with singultus involves ruling out lethal pathologic causes, attempting physical stimulation with Valsava maneuvers or drinking water, and, if no relief has been achieved, administering drugs to ease the symptoms. The authors report a case of a man whose postoperative singultus was successfully managed with osteopathic manipulative treatment. This approach addresses many of the possible underlying neuromechanical causes of the aberrant reflex with minimal potential for adverse effects. Physicians should consider osteopathic manipulative treatment in the care of patients with singultus.
Effects of High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Treatment of Abdominal Lymph Node Metastasis From Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Meiling , Liu Lingxiang , Wang Jian , Lu Kaihua , Shu Yongqian , Wang Rongsheng , Liu Ping 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesThis retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combination treatment with high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and chemotherapy to those of chemotherapy alone for treatment of the abdominal lymph node metastasis from gastric cancer.MethodsA total of 185 patients with gastric cancer and abdominal lymph node metastasis were enrolled and divided into 2 groups: group A received chemotherapy alone (n = 102); group B received HIFU combined with chemotherapy (n = 83). The clinical efficacy and safety of the groups were then analyzed.ResultsThe overall response rates of groups A and B were 34.3% and 47.0%, respectively (P = .046). The pain relief rates in groups A and B were 51.6% and 75.0% (P = .039). At the data cutoff, the median survival times of groups A and B were 8.6 and 11.9 months (P < .05). The adverse reactions in the groups did not show significant differences (P > .05). Among the patients treated with HIFU and chemotherapy, those with small abdominal lymph nodes (diameter <3 cm) had a better prognosis than those with large nodes (diameter ≥3 cm).ConclusionsIn patients with gastric cancer and abdominal lymph node metastasis, the combination of HIFU and chemotherapy can provide clinical benefits. High‐intensity focused ultrasound could effectively facilitate treatment of abdominal lymph node metastasis from gastric cancer.
The Kulinkovich Cyclopropanation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Cha Jin Kun , Kulinkovich Oleg G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCyclopropanes are characterized by high ring‐strain energy and have been employed as useful building blocks in organic synthesis. The incorporation of a heteroatom donor substituent such as OH, OR, NR2, or SR on the ring imparts enhanced reactivity. Hydroxycyclopropanes (cyclopropanols) in particular have been thoroughly studied due to their facile ring cleavage. Among several known methods, a new method for preparation of cyclopropanols involves dialkoxytitanacyclopropane‐mediated cyclopropanation (the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation) of esters with Grignard reagent in the presence of titanium isopropoxide. The striking feature of this method is the facile formation of a three‐membered ring from a simple Grignard reagent which acts as a 1,2‐dicarbanion equivalent through a pivotal dialkoxytitana‐cycloproapne intermediate. These reactions benefit from the availability of inexpensive reagents, ease of operation, and high selectivity forcis‐dialkylcyclopropanols. This cyclopropanation reaction has since been extended to other carboxylic derivatives to provide convenient access to several heteroatom‐substituted cyclopropanes. The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated, comprehensive coverage of the literature on the Kulinkovich cyclopropanation reaction and related processes. Key mechanistic issues are summarized.
The Krapcho Dealkoxycarbonylation Reaction of Esters with α‐Electron‐Withdrawing Substituents
Authors: Paul Krapcho A. , Ciganek Engelbert 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Krapcho reaction involves esters with α‐electron‐withdrawing substituents such as malonates, β‐keto esters, and α‐cyano esters, which undergo dealkoxycarbonylation on being heated in polar aprotic solvents (such as DMSO, DMF, or HMPT) in the presence of water, or in polar aprotic solvents with water in the presence of added salts (such as NaCN, NaCl, LiCl, LiI, or MgCl2). This procedure avoids the use of strongly aqueous acidic and alkaline conditions and tolerates many functional and protecting groups. The chapter presents the mechanistic aspects of this procedure, which include reaction parameters such as solvents, salts, other additives, and the use of microwave irradiation. The diastereoselectivity of protonation of the enolate intermediate leading to the dealkoxycarbonylated products is discussed. Trapping of the intermediate enolate by electrophiles other than a proton is illustrated. Potential side reactions and same‐pot subsequent reactions of substrates are discussed along with functional‐group compatibility for halogens and nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and carbon functional groups.Several examples of applications of this methodology for the synthesis of natural products along with experimental conditions and procedures are presented. Closely related methods are discussed in the Comparison with Other Methods section. The tables, which consist of 371 pages, are grouped according to substrate structure. Selective entries for other methods (excluding classical aqueous acidic or basic methods) are included in the tabular survey for comparative purposes.
Improved methods for observing Earth's time variable mass distribution with GRACE using spherical cap mascons
Authors: Watkins Michael M. , Wiese David N. , Yuan Dah‐Ning , Boening Carmen , Landerer Felix W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe discuss several classes of improvements to gravity solutions from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. These include both improvements in background geophysical models and orbital parameterization leading to the unconstrained spherical harmonic solution JPL RL05, and an alternate JPL RL05M mass concentration (mascon) solution benefitting from those same improvements but derived in surface spherical cap mascons. The mascon basis functions allow for convenient application of a priori information derived from near‐global geophysical models to prevent striping in the solutions. The resulting mass flux solutions are shown to suffer less from leakage errors than harmonic solutions, and do not necessitate empirical filters to remove north‐south stripes, lowering the dependence on using scale factors (the global mean scale factor decreases by 0.17) to gain accurate mass estimates. Ocean bottom pressure (OBP) time series derived from the mascon solutions are shown to have greater correlation with in situ data than do spherical harmonic solutions (increase in correlation coefficient of 0.08 globally), particularly in low‐latitude regions with small signal power (increase in correlation coefficient of 0.35 regionally), in addition to reducing the error RMS with respect to the in situ data (reduction of 0.37 cm globally, and as much as 1 cm regionally). Greenland and Antarctica mass balance estimates derived from the mascon solutions agree within formal uncertainties with previously published results. Computing basin averages for hydrology applications shows general agreement between harmonic and mascon solutions for large basins; however, mascon solutions typically have greater resolution for smaller spatial regions, in particular when studying secular signals.