bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the robustness of the fixed points for a dynamical performance characteristic—or: a closer look at the Langevin power curve
Authors: Gottschall Julia , Courtney Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we review a dynamical power curve concept that was introduced in earlier publications and shown to provide results for a wind turbine's power characteristic with several benefits compared with the IEC 61400‐12‐1 standard procedure. After summarizing the theoretical concept based on the theory of Langevin processes and their reconstruction, we enlarge on a number of specific practical issues. Special attention is paid to the convergence or robustness of the reconstructed results, and their dependence on different settings for the data analysis scheme is studied. A key issue for the procedure that is investigated in this paper is the variability of the wind speed data that may be controlled by applying a specific data filter. It is seen that the necessity for filtering depends both on the time scales present in the wind data in relation to the wind turbine power dynamics and to some degree also on the correlation between the wind and the power signal.The observations and findings altogether suggest that the dynamical performance characteristic, as it is considered here, is definitely a promising concept, particularly since it allows much flexibility in the handling of noisy performance data, but with some technical difficulties that demand a careful consideration in order to obtain reproducible and representative results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global energy‐climate scenarios and models: a review
Authors: Krey Volker 
Published: February 2014

Long‐term energy scenarios are an important input to policy‐relevant assessment reports on climate change such as those produced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change or the United Nations Environment Programme to just name a few examples. They are also used by government agencies to support their decision making in the context of climate change mitigation and other energy‐related challenges. In response to this demand, two broader categories of model development are currently pursued by the scientific community: (1) the degree of integration is increasing, in other words, the system boundaries of models are being extended, in particular to address the interlinkages between the energy, land, food, water, and climate more comprehensively and (2) the heterogeneity of the representation of various entities (e.g., spatial, sectoral, socio‐economic) is increasing to adequately address distributional effects (e.g., countries within regions, urban vs rural areas, different types of households). Moreover, the energy‐climate scenarios that are being developed are designed to be more ‘realistic’ by going beyond very stylized designs and integrate features that are observed in the real world. This includes delayed action on climate mitigation or fragmented approaches to mitigation that not only exclude major emitters from climate action, but also the exclusion of specific technologies from the portfolio of mitigation options in response to technical challenges or public acceptance issues. Finally, an attempt is made to summarize robust insights that have emerged from individual studies and particularly from modeling comparison exercises.WIREs Energy Environ2014, 3:363–383. doi: 10.1002/wene.98This article is categorized under:Energy Systems Economics > Climate and EnvironmentEnergy and Climate > Economics and PolicyEnergy and Climate > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Improving the secretion of cadaverine in Corynebacterium glutamicum by cadaverine–lysine antiporter
Authors: Li Ming , Li Dongxia , Huang Yunyan , Liu Meng , Wang Hongxin , Tang Qi , Lu Fuping 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Cadaverine (1,5-pentanediamine, diaminopentane), the desired raw material of bio-polyamides, is an important industrial chemical with a wide range of applications. Biosynthesis of cadaverine in Corynebacterium glutamicum has been a competitive way in place of petroleum-based chemical synthesis method. To date, the cadaverine exporter has not been found in C. glutamicum. In order to improve cadaverine secretion, the cadaverine–lysine antiporter CadB from Escherichia coli was studied in C. glutamicum. Fusion expression of cadB and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene confirmed that CadB could express in the cell membrane of C. glutamicum. Co-expression of cadB and ldc from Hafnia alvei in C. glutamicum showed that the cadaverine secretion rate increased by 22 % and the yield of total cadaverine and extracellular cadaverine increased by 30 and 73 %, respectively. Moreover, the recombinant strain cultured at acid and neutral pH separately hardly had any difference in cadaverine concentrations. These results suggested that CadB could be expressed in the cell membrane of C. glutamicum and that recombinant CadB could improve cadaverine secretion and the yield of cadaverine. Moreover, the pH value did not affect the function of recombinant CadB. These results may be a promising metabolic engineering strategy for improving the yield of the desired product by enhancing its export out of the cell.
Inhibition of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins) causes growth arrest and activates both apoptosis and autophagy in the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: VEIGA-SANTOS PHERCYLES , REIGNAULT LISSA CATHERINE , HUBER KILIAN , BRACHER FRANZ , DE SOUZA WANDERLEY , DE CARVALHO TECIA MARIA ULISSES 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYChagas disease, which is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects approximately 7–8 million people in Latin America. The drugs available to treat this disease are ineffective against chronic phase disease and are associated with toxic side effects. Therefore, the development of new compounds that can kill T. cruzi at low concentrations is critically important. Herein, we report the effects of a novel 3-arylideneindolin-2-one that inhibits sirtuins, which are highly conserved proteins that are involved in a variety of physiological processes. The compound KH-TFMDI was tested against the epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote forms of T. cruzi, and its effects were evaluated using flow cytometry, light and electron microscopy. KH-TFMDI inhibited the replication of T. cruzi intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 of 0·5±0·2 μm, which is significantly lower than the IC50 of benznidazole. The compound also lysed the highly infectious bloodstream trypomastigotes (BST) with LC50 values of 0·8±0·3 μm at 4 °C and 2·5±1·1 μm at 37 °C. KH-TFMDI inhibited cytokinesis and induced several morphological changes in the parasite, leading to its death by apoptosis and autophagy. This study highlights sirtuins as a potential new target for Chagas disease therapy.
X-ray refinement significantly underestimates the level of microscopic heterogeneity in biomolecular crystals
Authors: Kuzmanic Antonija , Pannu Navraj S. , Zagrovic Bojan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBiomolecular X-ray structures typically provide a static, time- and ensemble-averaged view of molecular ensembles in crystals. In the absence of rigid-body motions and lattice defects, B-factors are thought to accurately reflect the structural heterogeneity of such ensembles. In order to study the effects of averaging on B-factors, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to controllably manipulate microscopic heterogeneity of a crystal containing 216 copies of villin headpiece. Using average structure factors derived from simulation, we analyse how well this heterogeneity is captured by high-resolution molecular-replacement-based model refinement. We find that both isotropic and anisotropic refined B-factors often significantly deviate from their actual values known from simulation: even at high 1.0 Å resolution andRfreeof 5.9%, B-factors of some well-resolved atoms underestimate their actual values even sixfold. Our results suggest that conformational averaging and inadequate treatment of correlated motion considerably influence estimation of microscopic heterogeneity via B-factors, and invite caution in their interpretation.
Bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells: A strategy to enhance overall efficiency based on transparent polyaniline electrode
Authors: Wu Jihuai , Li Yan , Tang Qunwei , Yue Gentian , Lin Jianming , Huang Miaoliang , Meng Lijian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a promising solution to global energy and environmental problems because of its clean, low-cost, high efficiency, good durability and easy fabrication. However, enhancing the efficiency of the DSSC still is an important issue. Here we devise a bifacial DSSC based on a transparent polyaniline (PANI) counter electrode (CE). Owing to the sunlight irradiation simultaneously from the front and the rear sides, more dye molecules are excited and more carriers are generated, which results in the enhancement of short-circuit current density and therefore overall conversion efficiency. The photoelectric properties of PANI can be improved by modifying with 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP). The bifacial DSSC with 4-ATP/PANI CE achieves a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 8.35%, which is increased by ~24.6% compared to the DSSC irradiated from the front only. This new concept along with promising results provides a new approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performances of solar cells.
Role of Ge:As ratio in controlling the light-induced response of a-GexAs35−xSe65 thin films
Authors: Khan Pritam , Jain H. , Adarsh K. V. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present interesting results on the quantification of photodarkening (PD), photobleaching (PB) and transient PD (TPD) in a-GexAs35−xSe65 thin films as a function of network rigidity. Composition dependent light-induced responses of these samples indicate that there exist two parallel competing mechanisms of instantaneous PD arising from the As part of the network and PB arising from the Ge part of the network. Raman spectra of the as-prepared and illuminated samples provide first direct evidence of the light-induced structural changes: an increase in AsSe3/2 pyramidal and GeSe4/2 corner-sharing tetrahedra units together with new Ge-O bond formation and decrease in energetically unstable edge sharing GeSe4/2 tetrahedra. Importantly, for a fixed Se concentration, Ge:As ratio plays the critical role in controlling the net light-induced response rather than the much believed rigidity of the glassy network.
Chronic oral administration of Ang-(1–7) improves skeletal muscle, autonomic and locomotor phenotypes in muscular dystrophy
Authors: Sabharwal Rasna , Cicha Michael Z. , Sinisterra Ruben D. M. , De Sousa Frederico B. , Santos Robson A. , Chapleau Mark W. 
Published: February 2014

Muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic disorders that cause progressive muscle weakness and wasting, dilated cardiomyopathy and early mortality. There are different types of muscular dystrophies with varying aetiologies but they all have a common hallmark of myofibre degeneration, atrophy and decreased mobility. Mutation in Sgcd (sarcoglycan-δ), a subunit of dystrophin glycoprotein complex, causes LGMD2F (limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2F). Previously, we have reported that Sgcd-deficient (Sgcd−/−) mice exhibit AngII (angiotensin II)-induced autonomic and skeletal muscle dysfunction at a young age, which contributes to onset of dilated cardiomyopathy and mortality at older ages. Two counter-regulatory RAS (renin–angiotensin system) pathways have been identified: deleterious actions of AngII acting on the AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) compared with the protective actions of Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] acting on the receptor Mas. We propose that the balance between the AngII/AT1R and Ang-(1–7)/Mas axes is disturbed in Sgcd−/− mice. Control C57BL/6J and Sgcd−/− mice were treated with Ang-(1–7) included in hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (in drinking water) for 8–9 weeks beginning at 3 weeks of age. Ang-(1–7) treatment restored the AngII/AT1R compared with Ang-(1–7)/Mas balance, decreased oxidative stress and fibrosis in skeletal muscle, increased locomotor activity, and prevented autonomic dysfunction without lowering blood pressure in Sgcd−/− mice. Our results suggest that correcting the early autonomic dysregulation by administering Ang-(1–7) or enhancing its endogenous production may provide a novel therapeutic approach in muscular dystrophy.
Breast‐feeding Duration and Gluten Introduction Among Mothers With Celiac Disease
Authors: Welander Adina , Montgomery Scott , Ludvigsson Johnny , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Both breast‐feeding duration and age at gluten introduction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). We hypothesized that parental CD affects the feeding pattern of the offspring, mediated by parental health awareness increasing adherence to infant feeding guidelines.Methods:Prospectively collected infant feeding data were obtained through the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study. Information regarding infant feeding was available in 9414 children. Twenty‐two mothers had a history of biopsy‐verified CD before delivery of a child in the study, and 9392 mothers had no diagnosis of CD before birth and thus constituted the unexposed or control population. Cox regression was used to compare the risk of early weaning and gluten introduction according to parental CD status, and logistic regression to assess whether mothers with CD were more likely to breast‐feed their children at gluten introduction.Results:Some 63% of children were breast‐fed for at least 9 months. We found no association between maternal CD and early weaning (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–1.7), or between paternal CD and early weaning (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.1–1.9). Sixty percent of children were introduced to gluten in months 5 and 6. Maternal CD was not associated with age at gluten introduction (adjusted HR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.3). There was no statistically significant association between maternal CD and breast‐feeding at the time of gluten introduction (odds ratio 1.4, 95% CI 0.4–4.7).Conclusions:Feeding patterns do not seem to vary between offspring and mothers with CD and those without.
Broadly tuned and respiration-independent inhibition in the olfactory bulb of awake mice
Authors: Cazakoff Brittany N. , Lau Billy Y. B. , Crump Kerensa L. , Demmer Heike S. , Shea Stephen D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTOlfactory representations are shaped by both brain state and respiration; however, the interaction and circuit substrates of these influences are poorly understood. Granule cells (GCs) in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) are presumed to sculpt activity that reaches the olfactory cortex via inhibition of mitral/tufted cells (MTs). GCs may potentially sparsen ensemble activity by facilitating lateral inhibition among MTs, and/or they may enforce temporally-precise activity locked to breathing. Yet, the selectivity and temporal structure of GC activity during wakefulness are unknown. We recorded GCs in the MOB of anesthetized and awake mice and reveal pronounced state-dependent features of odor coding and temporal patterning. Under anesthesia, GCs exhibit sparse activity and are strongly and synchronously coupled to the respiratory cycle. Upon waking, GCs desynchronize, broaden their odor responses, and typically fire without regard for the respiratory rhythm. Thus during wakefulness, GCs exhibit stronger odor responses with less temporal structure. Based on these observations, we propose that during wakefulness GCs likely predominantly shape MT odor responses through broadened lateral interactions rather than respiratory synchronization.
Phase‐rectified signal averaging for intrapartum electronic fetal heart rate monitoring is related to acidaemia at birth
Authors: Georgieva A , Papageorghiou AT , Payne SJ , Moulden M , Redman CWG 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveRecent studies suggest that phase‐rectified signal averaging (PRSA), measured in antepartum fetal heart rate (FHR) traces, may sensitively indicate fetal status; however, its value has not been assessed during labour. We determined whether PRSA relates to acidaemia in labour, and compare its performance to short‐term variation (STV), a related computerised FHR feature.DesignHistorical cohort.SettingLarge UK teaching hospital.PopulationAll 7568 Oxford deliveries that met the study criteria from April 1993 to February 2008.MethodsWe analysed the last 30 minutes of the FHR and associated outcomes of infants. We used computerised analysis to calculate PRSA decelerative capacity (DCPRSA), and its ability to predict umbilical arterial blood pH ≤ 7.05 using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and event rate estimates (EveREst). We compared DCPRSA with STV calculated on the same traces.Main outcome measureUmbilical arterial blood pH ≤ 7.05.ResultsWe found that PRSA could be measured in all cases. DCPRSA predicted acidaemia significantly better than STV: the area under the ROC curve was 0.665 (95% CI 0.632–0.699) for DCPRSA, and 0.606 (0.573–0.639) for STV (P = 0.007). EveREst plots showed that in the worst fifth centile of cases, the incidence of low pH was 17.75% for DCPRSA but 11.00% for STV (P < 0.001). DCPRSA was not highly correlated with STV.ConclusionsDCPRSA of the FHR can be measured in labour, and appears to predict acidaemia more accurately than STV. Further prospective evaluation is warranted to assess whether this could be clinically useful. The weak correlation between DCPRSA and STV suggests that they could be combined in multivariate FHR analyses.
Evaluation of the Microbial Safety of Child Food of Animal Origin in Greece
Authors: Liandris Emmanouil , Gazouli Maria , Taka Styliani , Andreadou Margarita , Vaiopoulou Anna , Tzimotoudis Nikolaos , Kasampalidis Ioannis , Mpaseas Dionysis , Fyliousis George , Poltrionieri Palmiro , Cook Nigel , Ikonomopoulos John 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFoodborne illness is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially for children, even in the developed world. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial safety of food of animal origin intended for consumption by children in Greece. Sampling involved 8 categories of retail products and was completed with a collection of 850 samples. These were tested by PCR and/or culture forListeria monocytogenes,Campylobacterspp.,Escherichia coliO157,Salmonellaspp.,Cronobacter sakazakii,Brucellaspp., andMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis(MAP). The number of positive results recorded collectively for the pathogens under investigation over the total number of samples tested was 3.52% and 0.12% by PCR and culture, respectively. The most frequently detected pathogen was enterohemorrhagicE. coli(1.29%) followed byBrucella(0.82%) andListeria(0.82%). DNA belonging to MAP was detected in 0.35% of samples, which was also the percentage of positivity recorded forCampylobacter. The percentage forSalmonellawas 0.12%. It can be concluded from the results that there is no indication of noncompliance for the tested food samples. However, detection of DNA belonging to pathogens that are transmissible to humans through food is indicative that constant vigilance regarding food safety is an absolute necessity.
Rich analysis and rational models: inferring individual behavior from infant looking data
Authors: Piantadosi Steven T. , Kidd Celeste , Aslin Richard 
Published: February 2014

AbstractStudies of infant looking times over the past 50 years have provided profound insights about cognitive development, but their dependent measures and analytic techniques are quite limited. In the context of infants' attention to discrete sequential events, we show how a Bayesian data analysis approach can be combined with a rational cognitive model to create a rich data analysis framework for infant looking times. We formalize (i) a statistical learning model, (ii) a parametric linking between the learning model's beliefs and infants' looking behavior, and (iii) a data analysis approach and model that infers parameters of the cognitive model and linking function for groups and individuals. Using this approach, we show that recent findings from Kidd, Piantadosi and Aslin () of a U‐shaped relationship between look‐away probability and stimulus complexity even holds within infants and is not due to averaging subjects with different types of behavior. Our results indicate that individual infants prefer stimuli of intermediate complexity, reserving attention for events that are moderately predictable given their probabilistic expectations about the world.
Traumatic dental injuries in Turkish children, Istanbul
Authors: Toprak Mehmet E. , Tuna Elif B. , Seymen Figen , Gençay Koray 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimSome of the commonly encountered dental emergencies are traumatic dental injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate traumatic dental injuries with regard to age, gender, etiology, classification of trauma, teeth involved, place of injury, and treatment received by patients who were referred over a 2‐year period to the Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Clinics of Pedodontics, Istanbul, Turkey.Materials and MethodsThe study was based on the clinical data of 154 patients (337 traumatized teeth). The children were examined clinically for dental injuries by the same investigator. The following information was recorded: age, gender, etiology, localization, place, number of injured teeth, type of trauma, type of tooth, time elapsed between injury and treatment, and treatment provided. Traumatized teeth were assessed according to the classification of the World Health Organization slightly modified.ResultsA total of 154 patients aged 1–13 years presented a total of 337 traumatized teeth (255 permanent and 82 primary). 94 boys (61%) and 60 girls (39%) with a mean age of 7.91 ± 3.15 years participated in the study. Dental injuries were frequent in the 6–12 year age group. The most common type of dental injuries recorded was luxation injuries (43.3%), uncomplicated crown fractures (20.5%), and complicated crown fractures (19.4%). The main causes were falls (55.2%) and being struck by an object (22.1%). The most frequent treatment was examination only (31.8%).ConclusionsIn childhood, a correct diagnosis may affect the management methods and prevent the occurrence of complications after treatment for traumatic dental injuries. Therefore, continuing education programs offering the latest updates in the management of traumatized teeth should be provided for dental and medical practitioners.