bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Gender Roles on Eating Attitudes: A Study Among Female College Students
Authors: Ozel B. , Hosgoren Alıcı Y. , Koçak O. M. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Eating disorders (ED) are serious mental and physical illnesses that involve complex and damaging relationships with eating, exercise, and body image. They emerge due to a multifaceted interplay of factors, including familial predispositions, personality traits, and cultural influences. While societal beauty standards are recognized as significant risk factors, it is hypothesized that the roles and responsibilities associated with adult womanhood may also contribute to their development. In particular, the unique challenges faced by women, especially in developing countries like Turkey, may lead to discontent with traditional gender roles.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the connection between eating disorders, female identity perceptions, body attitudes, expectations regarding women’s roles within families, and their potential association with body dysphoria. We investigate whether eating disorders are linked to a form of sexual dysphoria and body dysmorphia related to femininity rather than solely driven by societal beauty ideals.MethodsData from 228 female college students, both undergraduate and graduate, were collected via online surveys. The survey instruments included a sociodemographic form, the Eating Attitude Test, the Gender Roles Attitude Scale, and the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire.Results
The average age of the participants was 24.41 (18-33) years. Regression analysis revealed that age (β=-0.155, p=0.015), the belief that physical appearance would be less important if they were male (β=0.292, p<0.001), and maternal criticism about weight (β=0.239, p<0.001) were influential factors in shaping eating attitudes. Surprisingly, no significant relationship was found between eating attitudes and traditional gender roles (β=0.072, p=0.246). However, we did establish a connection between aspiring to meet ideal thinness standards and perceiving women as disadvantaged in the workplace due to their traditional gender roles (t(226)=2.32, p=0.021), as well as with maternal criticism (t(225)=3.55, p<0.001).Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the absence of a direct link between eating attitudes and traditional gender roles may be attributed to an individual’s perception of their environment rather than their self-assessment of masculinity within an egalitarian context. Notably, maternal influences specifically their criticism regarding their daughters’ weight and the roles assigned to mothers significantly shape these perceptions and, consequently, eating behaviors, aligning with existing literature (Ferreira et al. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry 2021;48,168–177).This underscores the need to consider eating disorders within a broader biopsychosocial framework, encompassing attitudes toward the world and one’s role within it.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Working memory capacity in naturally cycling women and oral contraceptive users
Authors: Kowalczyk M. , Kornacka M. , Krejtz I. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMiyake and Friedman’s model (2012) presents three core executive functions: inhibition, updating and shifting. Updating refers to working memory (WM) because it involves passive storage but also active manipulation of information. According to a review by Hampson (2018), the literature is consistent on the fact that 17b-estradiol (the most prevalent type of estrogen in women of reproductive age) is associated with improved WM. Levels of estradiol are at their highest in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The use of OC is linked with a noticeable decrease in levels of estradiol and progesterone (Hampson, 2020). Nevertheless, combined OC contain synthetic steroids, usually ethinylestradiol and progestins which can be androgenic or anti-androgenic. Androgenic progestins are derived from testosterone while anti-androgenic progestins block androgen receptors (Raudrant & Rabe, 2003). The review by Beltz (2022) concluded that the use of androgenic OC is linked to an enhanced performance in spatial WM whereas anti-androgenic OC are linked with an impaired performance. When it comes to verbal WM, OC use is related to an enhancement in performance, irrespective of androgenicity.ObjectivesTo measure the differences in WM capacity between NC women and OC users at two times points in one menstrual cycle (follicular and luteal phases for NC women).Methods78 women (18-45; M= 28.93, SD=6.81), including one group of NC women (N=40) and one group taking OC (N=38), were tested twice over the course of one menstrual cycle. The NC women were tested during their follicular and luteal phases while the OC users were tested during the active phase of their OC. They completed an automated version of the Operation Span task (OSPAN; Unsworth et al., 2005). The OSPAN task involves completing simple math problems while simultaneously trying to remember a series of randomly generated letters.ResultsThere was no difference in WM capacity between NC women and OC users. However, we found a significant difference in the number of math errors (speed or accuracy) made by NC women. The number of math errors was higher (M=5.12) during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase (M=2.68). Moreover, we also found a significant difference in the number of math errors made by OC users (M=4.00) and NC women (M=2.68) in their follicular phase. The difference disappeared when the OC users were compared to NC women in their luteal phase.ConclusionsWe found no difference in WM capacity between NC women and OC users. However, we found that NC women made more math errors during the luteal phase than during the follicular phase and that OC users made more errors than NC women in their follicular phase. The follicular phase has an increased level of estradiol whereas OC users experience a decrease in their levels of estradiol. Estradiol levels could be linked with math performance.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Evaluation of the Effect of Resilience and General Quality of Life on Frailty in the Elderly
Authors: Tepetaş M. , Ay A. , Yücel E. , Kavlu E. , Önsüz M. F. , Metintaş S. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
As the life expectancy at birth improved, the increase in the elderly population, one of the most vulnerable groups in society, brings about some problems. Frailty is a condition that increases the risk of progressive deterioration in physiological functioning, hypersensitivity to stress and adverse health outcomes. Frailty is quite common in older people. In frail older people, recovery from illnesses is delayed and the likelihood of sequelae is increased. If frailty is recognized early, the likelihood of disease sequelae and mortality can be reduced.Objectives
This study was conducted to determine the relationship between psychological resilience and quality of life on frailty in individuals aged 65 years and older admitted to hospital.Methods
The study group of this cross-sectional study consisted of 504 people who applied to an outpatient clinic at a university hospital. The Tilburg Frailty Scale, the Connor Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale Short Form and the EQ-5D-3L General Quality of Life Scale were used. The Kolmogorov-Simirnov test, the chi-square test, the Spearman correlation analysis and the multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the data.Results
292 of the participants in the study group were men. Their ages ranged from 65 to 90 years, and the mean was 70.5±4.9 years. Scores on the Tilburg Frail Scale ranged from 0 to 14, and the mean was 6.3±2.7 points. In the study, 71.1% of participants were classified as frail. It was determined that there was a moderate negative correlation between the results of the Tilburg Frailty Scale and the results of the Connor Davidson Psychological Resilience Scale (r= -0.436) and the EQ-5D-3L VAS Scale (r=-0.608) and a strong positive correlation between the results of the EQ-5D-3L Index Scale (r=0.729)(for each p<0.001). According to multivariate logistic regression, people who did not exercise regularly were 2,33 times more frail than those who did, and people who had a health problem that required bed rest were 2,18 times more frail than those who did not.ConclusionsIt was found that the frailty of people aged 65 and over is at a moderate level. An improvement in psychological resilience and general quality of life as well as an improvement in general health reduces frailty. It is recommended that people aged 65 and over to be physically active and to protect from situations that may require prolonged bed rest.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Unveiling the Perspectives on Sexual Unwellness: A Cross-National Qualitative Study with Older Adults from Mexico and Portugal
Authors: von Humboldt S. , Mendoza-Ruvalcaba N. M. , Ribeiro-Gonçalves J. A. , Chávez-Rodríguez A. , Arias-Merino E. D. , Low G. , Leal I. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Sexual unwellness (SU) has been linked to a lack of sexual satisfaction and to an incapacity to maintain sexual relations.ObjectivesThe objective of this cross-cultural study is to shed light on older adults’ perspectives on SU across cultures.MethodsEighty-three older participants (65 to 98 years of age) took part in this qualitative study. Participants lived in the community and were of two different nationalities (Portuguese and Mexican). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and content analysis was then carried out.Results
SU emerged in the findings of the content analysis through six themes: Dissatisfying Sexual Experiences; Feelings of Isolation; Spirituality; Medication; Unattractiveness and Pain. The most common theme among older Portuguese participants was ‘Dissatisfying Sexual Experiences’ (25.5%). ‘Feelings of Isolation’ was most common among older Mexican participants (13.7%).ConclusionsA diversity of experiences of older adults in relation to SU was highlighted in this study. Moreover, cross-cultural research on the construct of SU is essential for understanding the cultural differences in the conceptualization of the construct and how these themes may influence the quality of sexual life in old age.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Microdosing psychedelics in the treatment of ADHD and comorbid disorders
Authors: Kuypers K. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrodosing psychedelics has garnered considerable attention within both nonprofessional circles and the scientific community in recent years. This method involves taking small, non-hallucinogenic doses of substances like LSD or psilocybin over weeks or months, purportedly to enhance specific behaviors, emotions, or address psychiatric conditions.Exploring these assertions is crucial given the potential therapeutic value of microdosing, especially in conditions that respond positively to full psychedelic doses, such as depression. The full psychedelic experience might not always be suitable due to various factors like age, capacity to consent or comprehend the experience (e.g., dementia), or individual personality traits that might hinder surrendering to the experience. Microdosing could potentially serve as a maintenance therapy post-full dose administration, aiding specific psychological or biological processes during therapy or therapeutic exercises.Recent studies in healthy individuals highlight that small psychedelic doses have nuanced effects on pain perception, mood, neuroplasticity, sleep duration, brain connectivity, and default mode network synchronicity. However, some parameters show null effects after both single and repeated administration.
Our survey research uncovered that individuals with ADHD reported symptom relief through microdosing, deeming it more effective than their conventional treatments. Subsequently, we conducted a naturalistic study following individuals with ADHD across a 4-week microdosing period. Our findings indicated a reduction in symptoms over time, an increase in trait mindfulness, and a decrease in neuroticism compared to baseline. While these results are intriguing, they necessitate validation in a clinical trial. We have recently concluded such a trial and are currently analyzing the data to further explore these effects.Disclosure of InterestK. Kuypers Grant / Research support from: The author is a principal investigator on a research project that is sponsored by Mindmed, a company that is developing psychedelic medicines.
Artificial Intelligence in Psychiatry: A New Paradigm
Authors: Gerantia M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning has sparked interest in its applicability in the mental health domain, offering potential improvements in the efficiency and personalization of psychiatric services.ObjectivesTo characterize the methodological and technical approaches in studies utilizing machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) within mental health, to evaluate their potential and impact in psychiatric clinical practice, and to address the associated ethical concerns.MethodsA systematic review, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, was conducted across four primary medical databases. Emphasis was placed on studies that applied machine learning and NLP techniques to psychiatric contexts, extracting data from sources such as medical records and social media.Results
From 327 identified articles, 58 were considered relevant. Major themes included symptom extraction, illness severity classification, therapy effectiveness comparison, and psychopathological insight derivation. Notably, most studies focused on specific populations like social media users, emergency room attendees, or those within medical databases. Methodological findings showcased a preference for efficient classifiers and Python as the primary platform.ConclusionsMachine learning and NLP offer a promising new avenue for psychiatric research and clinical practice, enabling the extraction of previously inaccessible patient information and supporting the decision-making process. However, the field must address inherent limitations, ethical considerations, and ensure that the tools augment, rather than replace, clinical judgment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Associations between Health-Related Quality of Life, Illness Perception, Stigmatization and Optimism among Hematology Patients: a Path Analysis
Authors: Kiss H. , Müller V. , Dani K. T. , Pikó B. F. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionHematological diseases represent a diverse disease group ranging from benign to life-threatening conditions, with hematological malignancies being a major cause of mortality in the population worldwide. Although most hematological diseases require ongoing medical care making these conditions even more difficult for patients to endure. Since these diseases can pose many challenges by causing symptoms and limitations in various aspects of daily life, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a crucial aspect of their healthcare. Different dimensions of health-related quality of life are influenced by several psychological factors, including illness perception, stigmatization, and optimism: a more positive illness perception, along with optimism and reduced stigmatization, can contribute to a better HRQoL among hematology patients.ObjectivesSince hematological diseases often cause serious life changes, the current study aimed to explore the direct and indirect effects of illness perception on health-related quality of life among hematology patients in Hungary, including stigmatization and optimism as possible contributors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 96 hematology patients (mean age = 56.45 years; SD = 15.55 years; 43.8% female) completed a self-administered survey including the following instruments: EORTC Quality of Life Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, Revised Life Orientation Test.ResultsBy creating two pathway models, illness perception had significant indirect effects on physical functioning (β = -.205, p < .05) through role and cognitive functioning while emotional functioning had significant indirect effects on social functioning (β = .369, p < .01) through illness perception and stigmatization, both effects moderated by optimism. After controlling for other factors, both illness perception and emotional functioning directly influenced physical and social functioning, respectively.ConclusionsOur study supports previous research on the direct and indirect effects of illness perception on HRQoL. Based on our data, more optimistic illness perceptions and greater emotional functioning improve hematology patients’ health-related quality of life by facilitating an unbiased understanding of the disease. Optimism serves as a potential moderating mechanism by positively altering indirect effects. Healthcare professionals need to optimize patients’ illness perception to improve physical and social functioning.Disclosure of InterestH. Kiss Grant / Research support from: This work was supported by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Culture and Innovation from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, #ÚNKP-22-4-SZTE-301., V. Müller: None Declared, K. Dani: None Declared, B. Pikó: None Declared
Changes in clozapine dose and concomitant medication - a 10-year comparative study
Authors: Popa A. V. , Petric P. , Teodorescu A. , Ifteni P. I. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionClozapine is an atypical antipsychotic approved for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Although effective, possible side effects make its underutilization still a current problem. The type of titration and dosages used differ worldwide.ObjectivesTo asses doses of clozapine and concomitant medications used in schizophrenia during 2012-2013 versus 2022-2023.MethodsA retrospective observational study analysing clozapine doses and concomitant treatment used in schizophrenia from 2012-2013 compared to 2022-2023. Data were collected from the medical charts of patients admitted to the Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry and Neurology Brasov, Romania, during 2012-2013 and 2022-2023.ResultsIn the total of 570 patients who were admitted in 2012-2013 with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia, 69 (12,10%) of them were treated with clozapine.Of the 69 cases, 53,62% patients were females, mean age was 40,95 years (SD = ±10,32), with an average of onset age 23,17 (SD=±6,21). The average length of stay for hospitalization was 24,97 days (SD= ±12,65). The mean clozapine dose was 393,47 ((SD= ±183,69), with a minimum dose of 100mg/day and a maximum dose of 800mg/day. 37,68% of patients received concomitant treatment with benzodiazepines, mood stabilisers or sedative-hypnotic drugs. None of the patients received concomitant treatment with another antipsychotic.Among the total of 356 patients admitted with the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia during the 2022-2023 period, 72 (20,22%) of the patients were treated with clozapine. 72,22% patients were females, mean age was 49,12 years (SD = ±11,16), with an average of onset age 25,04 (SD=±6,40). The average length of stay for hospitalization was 18,58 days (SD= ±13,78). The mean clozapine dose was 275,34 (SD= ±146,7), with a minimum dose of 25mg/day and a maximum dose of 600mg/day. 72,22% of patients received concomitant treatment with benzodiazepines, mood stabilisers, sedative-hypnotic drugs or with another antipsychotic. Antipsychotics used in combination with clozapine were both oral (risperidone, amisulpride, quetiapine, aripiprazole) and long-acting injectable (aripiprazole, risperidone, paliperidone, flupentixol decanoate).ConclusionsClozapine remains the drug of choice in treatment-resistant schizophrenia even after 10 years, but its mode of administration has changed over time. While the doses of clozapine used have decreased, the percentage of patients receiving concomitant treatment has doubled.Although some side effects of clozapine are dose-dependent, lowering doses and combining with other adjuvant treatment is not always a better option, as polypragmacy and possible adverse effects combined can lead to reduced adherence.The decision to increase the dose of clozapine or to use concomitant (combination) treatment depends on individual factors, including the patient’s clinical condition, response to treatment, and the assessment of potential risks and benefits.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cascadic failure and preferential decay via pruning mediated percolation on interdependent networks: implications for schizophrenia
Authors: Szalisznyó K. , Érdi P. , Silverstein D. N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDuring adolescence the brain is dynamically changing. Destabilization and acceleration of the normal adolescent synaptic pruning process is likely a contributing factor to the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Details on whether normal pruning effects weaker synapses more or uniformly all synapses with different strengths, needs to be further evaluated. Widespread impairment in structural connectivity in schizophrenic patients involving several cortical and subcortical areas, has been previously described. In this computational study, we investigated a stochastic percolation process in interdependent networks, motivated by pathological synaptic pruning. We examined preferential decay in the connectivity decremental process, as well as differential pruning in interconnected subnetworks. Finally, the speed of the percolation process, as well as the potential for pharmacological interventions of percolation in random networks was explored. Statistical structural properties of decaying networks pinpointed several network attributes which the disintegration and phase transitions qualitatively depended on.ObjectivesThe following objectives were explored: 1.) Apart from a random percolation process, we investigated preferential decay of the connections. We introduced different percolation rules for various connection types. 2.) Based on previous experimental results, we assumed that different interconnected neural subpopulations prune differently, therefore we explored differential pruning process in the subnetworks. 3.) The speed of the percolation was studied and the pharmacological synaptic connectivity change was also analyzed.MethodsWe considered two inter-connected randomly connected networks, where the connections were removed during the percolation process. Simulations were partially performed using Octave on a Lenovo Thinkpad running the Linux operating system and partially performed on a supercomputer at UPPMAX (NAISS Small Compute 2023 Dnr: NAISS 2023/22-102).ResultsWe found that the coupled network system shows rich percolation behaviors with phase transitions for various coupling strength and coupling patterns. The phase transitions of both layers are altered qualitatively between discontinuous, mixed and continuous. Recursively developing percolation in interdependent networks can cause complete fragmentation of these networks, resulting in cascadic failure which might be related to schizophrenia symptoms.Conclusions
This computational study analyzes the pruning-mediated percolation in interdependent neural networks. Consequences of the pathological overpruning were related to the attributes of the interdependent network properties. Implications for schizophrenia development and predictions for compensatorial iatrogenic percolation was also pinpointed and discussed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared