bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presentation and management of mandibular tumors in the pediatric population
Authors: Benoit Margo McKenna , Vargas Sara O. , Bhattacharyya Neil , McGill Trevor A. , Robson Caroline D. , Ferraro Nalton , Didas Amanda E. , Labow Brian I. , Upton Joseph , Taghinia Amir , Meara John G. , Marcus Karen J. , Mack Jennifer , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Rahbar Reza 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo review the presentation and management of malignant tumors of the mandible in children.Study DesignCase series.MethodsChildren 0 to 21 years old presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital with a diagnosis of a malignant tumor involving the mandible were included. Comparison groups included children from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database with malignant mandible tumors as well as a group of children with benign mandibular lesions from the same institution. Main outcome measures for the institutional malignant group included presentation, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and clinical outcome.ResultsSixteen patients with malignant and 183 patients with benign lesions were identified at the primary institution. The most common presentation in both groups was mandibular swelling or mass. Malignant tumors included sarcoma (n = 11), leukemia/lymphoma (n = 2), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1), malignant spindle cell tumor (n = 1), and yolk sac tumor (n = 1). The national database identified 56 malignant cases, of which 71% were sarcomas. Thirteen patients at our institution (81%) underwent mandibulectomy and 12 were reconstructed using free tissue transfer. Eleven of the 13 (85%) were treated with adjuvant therapy. After an average follow‐up of 32.8 months, seven (44%) had no evidence of disease, three (19%) were deceased, three (19%) were alive with disease, and three (19%) were lost to follow‐up.ConclusionsMalignant mandibular tumors in children are most often sarcomas but can include other rare lesions. Free flap reconstruction is a reasonable option for even very young children requiring extensive mandibular surgery.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2035–2042, 2013
A novel tool in laryngeal surgery: Preliminary results of the picosecond infrared laser
Authors: Böttcher Arne , Clauditz Till S. , Knecht Rainald , Kucher Stanislav , Wöllmer Wolfgang , Wilczak Waldemar , Krötz Peter , Jowett Nathan , Dalchow Carsten V. , Münscher Adrian , Miller R. J. Dwayne 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisConventional lasers ablate tissue through photothermal, photomechanical, and/or photoionizing effects, which may result in collateral tissue damage. The novel nonionizing picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) selectively energizes tissue water molecules using ultrafast pulses to drive ablation on timescales faster than energy transport to minimize collateral damage to adjacent cells.Study DesignAnimal cadaver study.MethodsCuts in porcine laryngeal epithelium, lamina propria, and cartilage were made using PIRL and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Lateral damage zones and cutting gaps were histologically compared.ResultsThe mean widths of epithelial (8.5 μm), subepithelial (10.9 μm), and cartilage damage zones (8.1 μm) were significantly lower for cuts made by PIRL compared with CO2 laser (p < 0.001). Mean cutting gaps in vocal fold (174.7 μm) and epiglottic cartilage (56.3 μm) were significantly narrower for cuts made by PIRL compared with CO2 laser (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).ConclusionPIRL ablation demonstrates superiority over CO2 laser in cutting precision with less collateral tissue damage.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2770–2775, 2013
Comparing nebulized water versus saline after laryngeal desiccation challenge in Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Tanner Kristine , Roy Nelson , Merrill Ray M. , Kendall Katherine , Miller Karla L. , Clegg Daniel O. , Heller Amanda , Houtz Daniel R. , Elstad Mark 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThis study examined the effects of a laryngeal desiccation challenge and two nebulized hydration treatments on phonation threshold pressure (PTP), vocal effort, and throat dryness in patients with chronic airway dryness.Study DesignDouble‐blind, within‐subjects crossover design.MethodsEleven individuals with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome received a 15‐minute laryngeal desiccation challenge (breathing dry air–<1% relative humidity–transorally), followed by nebulized isotonic saline or nebulized water treatments (3 mL) on 2 consecutive weeks. PTP, as well as self‐perceived vocal effort, mouth, and throat dryness were assessed before and after the desiccation challenge, and at 5, 35, and 65 minutes after the nebulized treatment.ResultsThe laryngeal desiccation challenge produced statistically significant increases in PTP, vocal effort, and mouth and throat dryness (P < 0.05). Nebulized saline produced greater—but not statistically significant—treatment effects than water. PTP was more correlated with throat dryness than vocal effort.ConclusionPatients with chronic airway dryness experienced phonatory changes following dry air exposure. Nebulized isotonic saline may offset this effect. Future research should explore dose‐response relationships among dry air exposure, nebulized treatments, voice change, and self‐perceived throat dryness.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 123:2787–2792, 2013
Abducens palsy after lumbar drain placement
Authors: Cain Rachel B. , Patel Naresh P. , Hoxworth Joseph M. , Lal Devyani 
Published: May 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo study reports of abducens nerve palsy following dural puncture procedures and to discuss possible etiologic theories, treatment, and prognosis.Study DesignSystematic review of peer‐reviewed literature.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted (PubMed, 1950 to September 2011) for cases of sixth cranial nerve palsy following dural puncture procedures.ResultsWe report a case of abducens nerve palsy following lumbar drain placement for endoscopic trans‐sphenoidal pituitary macroadenoma resection. Sixth nerve palsy was noted immediately after surgery. Postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no injury to the nerve or surrounding structures. A systematic literature review conducted for cases of abducens nerve palsy following dural puncture procedures found 22 studies (17 case reports and five case series). Twenty‐eight patients with temporary or permanent abducens nerve palsy were reported. Procedures included diagnostic lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, intrathecal catheterization, and shunting. Traction and local ischemia due to intracranial hypotension at the petroclival junction were proposed as causes of palsy.ConclusionsLumbar puncture procedures carry a rare risk of abducens nerve palsy from ischemic or traction injury. Routine use of lumbar drain during endoscopic skull base surgery is not without risk, and need for its placement should be carefully determined. Knowledge of such rare complications is helpful in risk–benefit analysis as endoscopic skull base techniques gain popularity.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2633–2638, 2013
Recent developments in metathesis of unsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Zerkowski Jonathan A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSpurred by improvements in catalysts as well as new experimental designs, lipid researchers have attained some impressive new outcomes by applying olefin metathesis to fatty acid substrates. Monomers for polyamides, environmentally‐responsive coatings, and blends of biofuels are among the bio‐derived materials obtained. This reaction is a powerful way to reconfigure the C18 skeleton into its component subunits such as alkenes or carboxylates, or to add functionality via a cross‐metathesis partner, thus continuing progress toward realizing the potential of plant oils as feedstocks for the biorefinery.
Ocular tremor in Parkinson's disease: The debate is not over
Authors: Duval Christian 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTRecent evidence tends to suggest that ocular tremor can be present in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This ocular tremor may have frequency characteristics similar to those of PD limb tremor. This fact was recently challenged in an article demonstrating that ocular tremor could simply be the consequence of vestibulo‐ocular reflex activity induced by head movement. Although this hypothesis can be valid in some circumstances, we previously presented evidence that, in fact, these ocular may exist. Here, we address the shortcomings of previous studies describing the possible origins of these ocular tremors and propose solutions to circumvent those shortcomings. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
A new susceptibility‐weighted image reconstruction method for the reduction of background phase artifacts
Authors: Lee Yoojin , Han Yeji , Park HyunWook 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo significantly reduce the background phase effects, especially at the air–tissue interface, and to enhance the desirable local structures of veins in susceptibility‐weighted imaging.MethodsIn the proposed reconstruction method called Magnitude of Complex Filtering, a complex‐valued magnetic resonance image is acquired using a flow‐compensated high‐resolution 3D gradient‐echo sequence and the magnitude of the complex‐valued image is set to 1 so that the phase information, which contains details of the local susceptibility, is emphasized. Then, the nonlinear filter of the Magnitude of Complex Filtering method is applied to the complex‐valued image with a constant magnitude. This filter utilizes the magnitude of the low‐pass and high‐pass filtered complex data to selectively reduce the background phase effects while enhancing the local structures. The filter output is then processed to generate a susceptibility‐weighted image.ResultsCompared with the conventional susceptibility‐weighted images generated by a homodyne high‐pass filter, the susceptibility‐weighted images from the proposed Magnitude of Complex Filtering method show significant improvement; the undesirable artifacts at the air–tissue interface regions and the brain boundaries are significantly reduced, while the contrast of the local structures of veins is enhanced.ConclusionThe Magnitude of Complex Filtering method successfully reduced most background phase effects without requiring additional processing or scan time. Magn Reson Med 71:1324–1335, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward real‐time availability of 3D temperature maps created with temporally constrained reconstruction
Authors: Todd Nick , Prakash Jaya , Odéen Henrik , de Bever Josh , Payne Allison , Yalavarthy Phaneendra , Parker Dennis L. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo extend the previously developed temporally constrained reconstruction (TCR) algorithm to allow for real‐time availability of three‐dimensional (3D) temperature maps capable of monitoring MR‐guided high intensity focused ultrasound applications.MethodsA real‐time TCR (RT‐TCR) algorithm is developed that only uses current and previously acquired undersampled k‐space data from a 3D segmented EPI pulse sequence, with the image reconstruction done in a graphics processing unit implementation to overcome computation burden. Simulated and experimental data sets of HIFU heating are used to evaluate the performance of the RT‐TCR algorithm.ResultsThe simulation studies demonstrate that the RT‐TCR algorithm has subsecond reconstruction time and can accurately measure HIFU‐induced temperature rises of 20°C in 15 s for 3D volumes of 16 slices (RMSE = 0.1°C), 24 slices (RMSE = 0.2°C), and 32 slices (RMSE = 0.3°C). Experimental results in ex vivo porcine muscle demonstrate that the RT‐TCR approach can reconstruct temperature maps with 192 × 162 × 66 mm 3D volume coverage, 1.5 × 1.5 × 3.0 mm resolution, and 1.2‐s scan time with an accuracy of ±0.5°C.ConclusionThe RT‐TCR algorithm offers an approach to obtaining large coverage 3D temperature maps in real‐time for monitoring MR‐guided high intensity focused ultrasound treatments. Magn Reson Med 71:1394–1404, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolic profile and genotoxicity in obese rats exposed to cigarette smoke
Authors: Damasceno Debora C. , Sinzato Yuri K. , Bueno Aline , Dallaqua Bruna , Lima Paula H. , Calderon Iracema M.P. , Rudge Marilza V.C. , Campos Kleber E. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveExperimental studies have shown that exposure to cigarette smoke has negative effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress status. Cigarette smoke exposure in nonpregnant and pregnant rats causes significant genotoxicity (DNA damage). However, no previous studies have directly evaluated the effects of obesity or the association between obesity and cigarette smoke exposure on genotoxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate DNA damage levels, oxidative stress status and lipid profiles in obese Wistar rats exposed to cigarette smoke.Design and MethodsFemale rats subcutaneously (sc) received a monosodium glutamate solution or vehicle (control) during the neonatal period to induce obesity. The rats were randomly distributed into three experimental groups: control, obese exposed to filtered air, and obese exposed to tobacco cigarette smoke. After a 2‐month exposure period, the rats were anesthetized and killed to obtain blood samples for genotoxicity, lipid profile, and oxidative stress status analyses.ResultsThe obese rats exposed to tobacco cigarette smoke presented higher DNA damage, triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, VLDL‐c, HDL‐c, and LDL‐c levels compared to control and obese rats exposed to filtered air. Both obese groups showed reduced SOD activity. These results showed that cigarette smoke enhanced the effects of obesity.ConclusionIn conclusion, the association between obesity and cigarette smoke exposure exacerbated the genotoxicity, negatively impacted the biochemical profile and antioxidant defenses and caused early glucose intolerance. Thus, the changes caused by cigarette smoke exposure can trigger the earlier onset of metabolic disorders associated with obesity, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Obesity prevention programs and policies: Practitioner and policy‐maker perceptions of feasibility and effectiveness
Authors: Cleland Verity , McNeilly Briohny , Crawford David , Ball Kylie 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to map obesity prevention activity being implemented by government, non‐government, and community‐based organizations; to determine practitioner and policy‐maker perceptions of the feasibility and effectiveness of a range of evidence‐based obesity prevention strategies; and to determine practitioner and policy‐maker perceptions of preferred settings for obesity prevention strategies.Design and MethodsThis study involved a cross‐sectional survey of 304 public health practitioners and policy‐makers from government, non‐government, and community organizations across Victoria, Australia. Participants reported their organizations' current obesity prevention programs and policies, their own perceptions of the feasibility and effectiveness of strategies to prevent obesity and their preferred settings for obesity prevention.ResultsThirty‐nine percent had an obesity prevention policy, and 92% were implementing obesity prevention programs. The most common programs focused on education, skill‐building, and increasing access to healthy eating/physical activity opportunities. School curriculum‐based initiatives, social support for physical activity, and family‐based programs were considered the most effective strategies, whereas curriculum‐based initiatives, active after‐school programs, and providing access to and information about physical activity facilities were deemed the most feasible strategies. Schools were generally perceived as the most preferred setting for obesity prevention.ConclusionMany organizations had obesity prevention programs, but far fewer had obesity prevention policies. Current strategies and those considered feasible and effective are often mismatched with the empirical literature. Systems to ensure better alignment between researchers, practitioners, and policy‐makers, and identifying effective methods of translating empirical evidence into practice and policy are required.
Increased acylation stimulating protein levels in young obese males is correlated with systemic markers of oxidative stress
Authors: Celik Serkan , Tangi Fatih , Kilicaslan Emrah , Sanisoglu Yavuz S. , Oktenli Cagatay , Top Cihan 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveAs little is known about relationship between acylation stimulating protein (ASP) and oxidative stress, whether there is any link between ASP and oxidative stress in young obese males were investigated.Design and MethodsForty‐five obese (median body mass index (BMI) = 36.99 (IQR = 3.65) kg m−2) male subjects (median age = 22 (IQR = 6) years) and 24 age‐matched (median age = 22.5 (IQR = 4.8) years) healthy male volunteers (median body mass index (BMI) = 23.67 (IQR = 2.45) kg m−2) were recruited into the study. All obese subjects have BMI > 30 kg m−2, while all controls have BMI < 25 kg m−2.ResultsFasting plasma ASP, lipid hydroperoxide, high sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), fasting insulin, triglyceride, LDL‐cholesterol levels and HOMA‐IR were higher, whereas the mean HDL‐cholesterol levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activity were significantly lower in obese subjects than controls. The linear regression analysis showed that lipid hydroperoxide was independently associated with only BMI, while ASP was independently associated with BMI and triglyceride.ConclusionsThe present data support the concept that obesity occurs under condition of compex interactions by adipokines, insulin, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Partial sleep deprivation by environmental noise increases food intake and body weight in obesity‐resistant rats
Authors: Mavanji Vijayakumar , Teske Jennifer A. , Billington Charles J. , Kotz Catherine M. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveSleep restriction in humans increases risk for obesity, but previous rodent studies show weight loss following sleep deprivation, possibly due to stressful methods used to prevent sleep. Obesity‐resistant (OR) rats exhibit consolidated‐sleep and resistance to weight gain. It was hypothesized that sleep disruption by a less‐stressful method would increase body weight, and the effect of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on body weight in OR and Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats was examined.Design and MethodsOR and SD rats (n = 12/group) were implanted with transmitters to record sleep/wake. After baseline recording, six SD and six OR rats underwent 8 h PSD during light phase for 9 days. Sleep was reduced using recordings of random noise. Sleep/wake states were scored as wakefulness (W), slow‐wave‐sleep (SWS), and rapid‐eye‐movement‐sleep (REMS). Total number of transitions between stages, SWS‐delta‐power, food intake, and body weight were documented.ResultsExposure to noise decreased SWS and REMS time, while increasing W time. Sleep‐deprivation increased the number of transitions between stages and SWS‐delta‐power. Further, PSD during the rest phase increased recovery sleep during the active phase. The PSD SD and OR rats had greater food intake and body weight compared to controlsConclusionsPSD by less‐stressful means increases body weight in rats. Also, PSD during the rest phase increases active period sleep.
Shift‐and‐persist: A protective factor for elevated BMI among low‐socioeconomic‐status children
Authors: Kallem Stacey , Carroll‐Scott Amy , Rosenthal Lisa , Chen Edith , Peters Susan M. , McCaslin Catherine , Ickovics Jeannette R. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveLow socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including childhood overweight and obesity. However, little is understood about why some children defy this trend by maintaining a healthy weight despite living in obesogenic environments. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that the psychological strategy of “shift‐and‐persist” protects low‐SES children from overweight and obesity. Shift‐and‐persist involves dealing with stressors by reframing them more positively while at the same time persisting in optimistic thoughts about the future.Design and MethodsMiddle school children (N = 1,523, ages 9‐15) enrolled in a school‐based obesity prevention trial completed health surveys and physical assessments. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the role of SES, shift‐and‐persist strategies, and their interaction on BMI z‐scores, while controlling for student race/ethnicity, gender, and reported diet and physical activity.ResultsAmong children reporting engaging in less frequent shift‐and‐persist strategies, lower SES was associated with significantly higher BMI z‐scores (P < 0.05). However, among children reporting engaging in more frequent shift‐and‐persist strategies, there was no association of SES with BMI z‐score (P = 0.16), suggesting that shift‐and‐persist strategies may be protective against the association between SES and BMI.ConclusionsInterventions aimed at improving psychological resilience among children of low SES may provide a complementary approach to prevent childhood overweight and obesity among at‐risk populations.
Association of dopamine D2 receptor and leptin receptor genes with clinically severe obesity
Authors: Carpenter Catherine L. , Wong Angela M. , Li Zhaoping , Noble Ernest P. , Heber David 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe brain reward circuits that promote drug abuse may also be involved in pleasure seeking behavior and food cravings observed in severely obese subjects. Drug addiction polymorphisms such as the TaqI A1 allele of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) are associated with cocaine, alcohol, and opioid use, but few studies have linked DRD2 to food craving. Other genes such as the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) and mu‐opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) that affect appetite and pleasure centers in the brain may also influence food addiction and obesity. The three genes together may function synergistically.Design and MethodsTo evaluate associations between candidate genes, food craving, overeating, and BMI, we administered questionnaires including Power of Food Scale and Food Craving Inventory, conducted anthropometric measures, and collected blood from patients undergoing weight‐loss treatment. Questionnaires and DNA specimens were collected for 80 participants.ResultsParticipants were mostly female (74%) and Caucasian (79%), with an average age of 53 years old. Mean BMI for all participants was 43 kg/m2 and was significantly associated in a linear fashion with Food Craving Inventory scores (P=0.0001) and Power of Food (P=0.02). The DRD2 TaqI A1 allele was significantly associated with BMI (P=0.04), while LEPR Lys109Arg and OPRM1 A118G variants were not. We stratified DRD2 by LEPR and OPRM1, and observed a significant interaction (P = 0.04) between DRD2 and LEPR, and a marginally significant interaction (P=0.06) between DRD2 and OPRM1.ConclusionGenes associated with addictive behavior and appetite control may therefore, in combination, markedly influence development of clinically severe obesity.