bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galaxy pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – XII. The fuelling mechanism of low-excitation radio-loud AGN
Authors: Ellison Sara L. , Patton David R. , Hickox Ryan C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We investigate whether the fuelling of low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) is linked to major galaxy interactions. Our study utilizes a sample of 10 800 spectroscopic galaxy pairs and 97 post-mergers selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey with matches to multiwavelength data sets. The LERG fraction amongst interacting galaxies is a factor of 3.5 higher than that of a control sample matched in local galaxy density, redshift and stellar mass. However, the LERG excess in pairs does not depend on projected separation and remains elevated out to at least 500 $h_{70}^{-1}$ kpc, suggesting that major mergers are not their main fuelling channel. In order to identify the primary fuelling mechanism of LERGs, we compile samples of control galaxies that are matched in various host galaxy and environmental properties. The LERG excess is reduced, but not completely removed, when halo mass or D4000 are included in the matching parameters. However, when bothMhalo and D4000 are matched, there is no LERG excess and the 1.4 GHz luminosities (which trace jet mechanical power) are consistent between the pairs and control. In contrast, the excess of optical and mid-IR selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxy pairs is unchanged when the additional matching parameters are implemented. Our results suggest that whilst major interactions may trigger optically and mid-IR selected AGN, the gas which fuels the LERGs has two secular origins: one associated with the large-scale environment, such as accretion from the surrounding medium or minor mergers, plus an internal stellar mechanism, such as winds from evolved stars.
Children With Anorectal Malformations, Hirschsprung Disease, and Their Siblings
Authors: Hartman Esther E. , Oort Frans J. , Aronson Daniel C. , van der Steeg Alida F.W. , Heij Hugo A. , van Heurn Ernest , Madern Gerard C. , van der Zee David C. , de Blaauw Ivo , van Dijk A. , Sprangers Mirjam A.G. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to compare parent proxy reports with that of self‐reports of children with anorectal malformations (ARMs) or Hirschsprung disease (HD) and healthy siblings and thereafter was examine whether these comparisons differed between patients and their siblings.Methods:Parents (n = 98) of either children with ARM (n = 44) or HD (n = 54) and a healthy sibling (n = 98) recruited from the 6 Dutch pediatric surgical centers and from the ARM and HD patient societies were included in this cross‐sectional multilevel study. Agreement between child self‐reports and parent proxy reports was compared through mean differences and through (intraclass) correlations. We conducted multilevel analyses to take dependencies between assessments within families into account.Results:All of the children (children with ARM or HD and their siblings) reported more pain and symptoms than their parents reported. We also found that only children with ARM or HD reported less positive emotions than their parents. Furthermore, higher correlations were found between parent proxy reports and patient‐self reports than between parent proxy reports and sibling self‐reports on cognitive functioning and social interaction.Conclusions:Parents tend to overestimate the physical functioning of both their ill and healthy children, and overestimate the emotional functioning of only their children with ARM or HD. Furthermore, children with ARM or HD and parents agree more on health‐related quality of life domains than healthy children and parents.
Hepatitis D in Children
Authors: Xue Megan M. , Glenn Jeffrey S. , Leung Daniel H. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTHepatitis D virus (HDV) is an uncommon, defective, single‐stranded circular RNA virus that is dependent on the hepatitis B virus’ surface antigen envelope proteins for transmission. It is highly pathogenic and associated with high rates of progression to cirrhosis and associated complications. HDV continues to ravage endemic parts of Asia and Europe, and its prevalence in the United States, although low, has not decreased in frequency, despite universal hepatitis B virus vaccination, because of lack of testing and underrecognition. There are few reports on the prevalence and characteristics of HDV infection in the pediatric population. We present 2 patients with HDV infection at our institution; both were from eastern Europe and were treated with pegylated interferon‐α. The present standard of care treatment for HDV yields suboptimal results, but insights into the virology of hepatitis D are stimulating the search for novel therapeutic approaches, particularly the development of prenylation inhibitors and viral entry inhibitors.
Prevalence of Eosinophilic Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, and Colitis
Authors: Jensen Elizabeth T. , Martin Christopher F. , Kappelman Michael D. , Dellon Evan S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is becoming increasingly more common, but the prevalence of other eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) is unknown. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis, and colitis in the United States.Methods:We used the IMS Health LifeLink PharMetrics Plus Claims Database, data representative of a US national commercially insured population containing medical and pharmaceutical claims for >75 million individuals. We restricted our sample to patients ages 0 to 64 with continuous enrollment between July 1, 2009, and June 30, 2011. We identified patients with eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis, and colitis as defined by ≥1 instance of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 535.70, 558.41, and 558.42, respectively. We calculated the prevalence of the codes in the database and then standardized the estimates to the US population by age and sex.Results:The standardized estimated prevalences of eosinophilic gastritis, gastroenteritis, and colitis were 6.3/100,000, 8.4/100,000, and 3.3/100,000, respectively. The prevalence of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was the highest among children age <5 years, whereas eosinophilic gastritis was more prevalent among older age groups. We observed no age differences for eosinophilic colitis. Among affected patients, there was a high proportion of coexisting allergic conditions, 38.5% for eosinophilic gastritis, 45.6% for gastroenteritis, and 41.8% for colitis. Concomitant allergic disease was most commonly identified in pediatric patients.Conclusions:The prevalence of non‐EoE EGIDs remains rare in the United States, with <50,000 total patients affected. There appears to be a female predominance and a high co‐occurrence of atopic comorbidities.
Antecedent Predictors of Feeding Outcomes in Premature Infants With Protracted Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Malkar Manish B. , Gardner William , Welty Stephen E. , Jadcherla Sudarshan R. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to define risk factors associated with gastrostomy in premature infants receiving protracted mechanical ventilation (≥30 days).Methods:Retrospective data collected on 170 preterm neonates (birth weight <1500 g) who received uninterrupted mechanical ventilation for ≥30 days were analyzed with logistic regression methods to predict the association of gastrostomy with cardiorespiratory, infectious, and neurological morbidities.Results:A total of 32 of 170 infants had gastrostomy tubes. Including all of the covariates in 1 model, duration of cumulative ventilation (P < 0.001) and uninterrupted ventilation (P < 0.001), and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (P = 0.02) were significant predictors, whereas sepsis, intraventrical hemorrhage grade III or IV, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation were not. Respiratory severity score (mean airway pressure × fraction of inspired oxygen) calculated at 30 days of life was also a significant predictor (P = 0.01).Conclusions:In infants with protracted mechanical ventilation, the degree of respiratory support at 1 month of age, prolonged respiratory morbidity, and neuropathology are the significant predictors for gastrostomy.
Shareholder protection, creditor rights and bank dividend policies
Authors: Ashraf Badar Nadeem , Zheng Changjun 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of legal protection of bank minority shareholders (noncontrolling shareholders) and bank creditors (e.g. depositors or debt-holders) on bank dividend payout policies using a panel data set of 5,918 banks from 52 countries over the period 1998-2007, after controlling for country-level deposit insurance coverage and bank- and country-level regulatory pressures.

Design/methodology/approach
– Tobit panel regression models are used to examine the impact of legal protection of shareholders and creditors on bank dividend payout amounts. And, logit panel regression models are used to examine the impact of legal protection of shareholders and creditors on banks’ likelihood to pay dividends.

Findings
– The authors support the outcome hypothesis by finding that banks pay higher amount of dividends and, are more likely to pay dividends in strong minority shareholder protection countries. However, the authors reject the substitute hypothesis by finding that banks pay higher dividends and are more likely to pay dividends in weak creditor rights countries, and banks do not substitute weak creditor rights with lower dividend payout amounts. Contrary, the authors support the literature which argues the importance of creditor rights for capital market development because one possible reason for low dividend payouts in strong creditor rights countries could be that the banks retain more profits for extending more loans.

Practical implications
– By finding that creditor rights index has a negative relation with bank dividend policies in contrast to its positive relation with nonfinancial firms’ dividend policies, the authors support the literature which argues that managers of banks give less importance to factors such as current degree of financial leverage, the contractual constraints such as dividend restrictions in debt contracts, and the financing considerations such as the cost of raising external funds, while deciding about the dividend payments. The authors also suggest to keep financial and nonfinancial firms separate, to better understand the dividend puzzle.

Originality/value
– Extant literature recognizes that legal institutions such as shareholder protection and creditor rights affect corporate firms’ dividend policies significantly but largely excludes banking sector. This paper, by examining the relations between legal protection of shareholders and creditors and bank dividend policies, fills this research gap.
Enhancement of organizational commitment through propensity to trust
Authors: Chiu Wai Yee Betty , Ng Fung Fai 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perception of propensity to trust and organizational commitment of quantity surveyors and examine if propensity to trust among working partners enhances organizational commitment of quantity surveyors.

Design/methodology/approach
– Organizational commitment and propensity to trust is linked through the framework of social exchange. Quantitative approach with questionnaire survey is employed to investigate whether propensity to trust would enhance organizational commitment. Questionnaires are sent to the quantity surveyors who are professional members of the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors and are working in the Hong Kong construction industry. In total, 71 valid responses are obtained for data analysis.

Findings
– Contrary to prediction, propensity to trust does not show significant relationship with both affective and continuance commitment. The two propensity to trust scales show different results on the relationship with normative commitment (NC). When working relationship is taken into consideration, quantity surveyor’s propensity to trust the partner who has the worst working relationship has significant and positive impact on the surveyor’s NC level; whilst quantity surveyor’s propensity to trust the partner who has the best working relationship does not has significant positive impact on the surveyor’s NC level.

Practical implications
– To improve propensity to trust among quantity surveyors, consultant companies should provide professional-related training programme to quantity surveyors as to explore their potential. The provision of training programs would also help quantity surveyors feel that they are supported by the organization, which would improve their commitment to the organization.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to apply the social exchange theory to study organizational commitment within the quantity surveying profession and construction industry, which provides a new point for understanding the concept amongst the profession and industry.
Implementation of corporate social responsibility in Australian construction SMEs
Authors: Bevan Emma A. M. , Yung Ping 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) related activities in small to medium sized construction enterprises within Australia. Reasons behind the implementation level are also evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach
– Quantitative and qualitative company level data from 28 Australian small to medium sized construction enterprises were collected using an in-depth questionnaire. Levels of CSR implementation in three aspects, namely, environmental, social and ethical, were measured. Each aspect was broken down into sub-areas and implementation scores were aggregated and normalised. Awareness level and concern for economic aspect, the two hypothesised reasons for level of implementation, were also measured. Non-parametric correlation analyses were used to examine the hypotheses.

Findings
– The findings suggest small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) incorporate some aspects of CSR into their business activities even though they do not refer to the practices as CSR, as none of them have a formal CSR policy in place. Most SMEs in the construction industry implement ethical and economic aspect of CSR; however implementation across environmental and social issues is limited. Non-parametric correlation analyses show that higher awareness of CSR issues leads to higher levels of implementation and that concern about economic aspect is not a reason why CSR is not implemented into business practices.

Research limitations/implications
– Everett Rogers’ diffusion paradigm can also be applied to CSR implementation, but more research works are required to theoretically and empirically examine the relationships between CSR implementation and economic aspect.

Originality/value
– It is apparent that there is a significant gap in the research regarding Australian SMEs and sustainability issues as the majority of the literature is focused upon large organisations even though the approaches taken by SMEs towards CSR are very different to those of large corporations. The SME business sector is a significant sector in terms of its environmental, economic and social impacts. Hence recognition of this sector is growing and is now becoming the focus of an agenda to promote the implementation of CSR practices in SMEs. This paper aims to provide useful and detailed information to add to what is currently an underdeveloped body of knowledge in this area.
Growing pains: work-life impacts in small-to-medium sized construction firms
Authors: Lingard Helen , Turner Michelle , Charlesworth Sara 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to compare the quality of work-life experiences of workers in construction firms of differing sizes and explored the work conditions and circumstances that impact upon the work-life experiences of workers in small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Australian construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected in two stages. First, data from a sub-set of construction industry workers were extracted from a large scale survey of workers in Victoria, Australia (the VicWAL survey). The survey measured work-life interference using the Australian Work and Life Index (AWALI). Next a subset of survey respondents was identified and interviewed to gain more detailed explanatory information and insight into work-life experiences.

Findings
– The survey results indicated that respondents who reported working for a construction firm with between 16 and 99 employees reported significantly higher AWALI scores (indicating high work-life interference) than workers in organisations employing 15 or less or more than 100 workers. The follow-up interviews revealed that workers in small construction organisations were managed directly and personally by the business owner/manager and able to access informal work-life supports that were provided on an “as needs” basis. In comparison workers in medium-sized firms perceived higher levels of work pressure and an expectation that work would be prioritised over family life.

Research limitations/implications
– The research shows that the findings of work-life balance research undertaken in large construction organisations cannot be generalised to SMEs. Organisation size should also be treated as an important variable in work-life balance research in construction.

Practical implications
– The research suggests that a better understanding of how workers in SME construction firms experience work-life balance is important in the design and development of work-life balance programs. In particular the challenges faced by workers as companies grow from SMEs require careful consideration and management.

Originality/value
– Previous research has focused on the work-life balance experiences of employees in large construction firms. Little was previously known about the experiences of workers in SME construction firms. The research provides new insight into the work-life experiences of construction workers in organisations of varying sizes.
Enterprise risk management in international construction firms: drivers and hindrances
Authors: Zhao Xianbo , Hwang Bon-Gang , Low Sui Pheng 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The specific purposes of this paper are: to identify the critical drivers for and hindrances to enterprise risk management (ERM) implementation; and to compare the influence of these factors on ERM implementation between large and small-medium (SM) Chinese construction firms (CCFs) in Singapore.

Design/methodology/approach
– A questionnaire survey was conducted and responses were received from 35 experienced managers in CCFs operating in Singapore.

Findings
– A total of 13 drivers and 22 hindrances were found critical to ERM implementation in Singapore-based CCFs. “Improved decision making” were the top influential driver, while “insufficient resources (e.g. time, money, people, etc.)” were the most significant hindrances. Additionally, despite significant differences in the mean scores of seven drivers and four hindrances, the large and SM CCFs agreed on the rankings of drivers and hindrances, respectively.

Research limitations/implications
– As the survey was performed with the Singapore-based CCFs, there may be geographical limitation on the identification of the critical drivers for and hindrances to ERM implementation. The sample size was still small, despite a relatively high response rate.

Practical implications
– The findings of this study allow the management to strengthen the positive influence from the drivers and overcome the challenges posed by the significant hindrances.

Originality/value
– Despite studies on ERM in various industries, few studies have attempted to disclose the factors driving and hindering ERM implementation in construction firms. Thus, this study expands the existing literature relating to ERM. An understanding of the drivers for ERM implementation enables the management to obtain sufficient support for the ERM program and strengthen the positive influence from the drivers. The identification of the hindrances allows the management to be clear about the challenges faced by the ERM program and take measures to diminish their negative influence and overcome them. Additionally, other construction firms can use the drivers and hindrances identified in this study to prepare their customized list of drivers and hindrances.
Expatriates’ and teenagers’ nomadic identities: an intersectional analysis
Authors: Langinier Hélène , Gyger Gaspoz Deniz 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand the influence of the different relations of power embedded in social structures on the construction of nomadic identities at the individual level.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a qualitative approach. The authors interview expatriates adjusting to an international audit firm in Luxembourg and young in geographical itinerancy. A multilevel analysis based on intersectionality let emerge macro- and meso-level influences on the construction of nomadic identities.Findings– The authors differentiate three types of expression of nomadic identities thanks to the concept of intersectionality. The authors showed that power relations at the macro level of the society leads to cultural imperialism at the meso level of organizations thus shaping the identity construction of the individual.Research limitations/implications– The qualitative approach remains very specific and future research may focus on different contexts to generalize the results. The influence of gender on the construction of nomadic identities needs to be further investigated.Practical implications– Diversity policies should be revisited to avoid cultural imperialism.Originality/value– The authors go beyond the monolithic approach, explaining the development of nomadic identities through the lens of national culture only. The authors point out that the individual develops different social identities intersecting in his or her identity development.
Pathways for the co-evolution of new product development and strategy formation processes
Authors: Leitner Karl-Heinz 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the intermingling of new product development and strategy making which are interpreted as co-evolutionary processes where self-organisation and emergence are significant phenomena.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is based on an empirical study of 50 major Austrian innovations in various manufacturing industries developed by small and large firms in the 1980s and 1990s. The theoretical arguments for studying the innovation and strategy process are based on the findings of the complexity science.Findings– The paper shows that emerging opportunities, self-organisation and strategic intentions are equally important for the development of new major product innovations as deliberate search processes and rational decision making. The author identifies three strategy paths concerning the innovation and strategy process which are described as “strategically managed innovations”, “strategically enabled self-organized innovations” and “purely self-organised innovations”.Originality/value– While empirical studies investigating the emergent nature of strategy and innovation have so far mostly been analysed for very specific industries and firm types, this paper aims to deliver a broader empirical base for the question as to how strategy enables and guides the emergence of product innovations and how the development of new products contributes to the formation of innovation strategies.