bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the secondary outcomes of international travel measures during the covid-19 pandemic: a scoping review of social impact evidence
Authors: Lee Kelley , Zhumatova Salta , Worsnop Catherine Z. , Bazak Ying Liu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Assessment of the effective use of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic has focused on public health goals, namely limiting virus introduction and onward transmission. However, risk-based approaches includes the weighing of public health goals against potential social, economic and other secondary impacts. Advancing risk-based approaches thus requires fuller understanding of available evidence on such impacts.

Methods
We conducted a scoping review of existing studies of the social impacts of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying a standardized typology of travel measures, and five categories of social impact, we searched 9 databases across multiple disciplines spanning public health and the social sciences. We identified 26 studies for inclusion and reviewed their scope, methods, type of travel measure, and social impacts analysed.

Results
The studies cover a diverse range of national settings with a strong focus on high-income countries. A broad range of populations are studied, hindered in their outbound or inbound travel. Most studies focus on 2020 when travel restrictions were widely introduced, but limited attention is given to the broader effects of their prolonged use. Studies primarily used qualitative or mixed methods, with adaptations to comply with public health measures. Most studies focused on travel restrictions, as one type of travel measure, often combined with domestic public health measures, making it difficult to determine their specific social impacts. All five categories of social impacts were observed although there was a strong emphasis on negative social impacts including family separation, decreased work opportunities, reduced quality of life, and inability to meet cultural needs. A small number of countries identified positive social impacts such as restored work-life balance and an increase in perceptions of safety and security.

Conclusions
While international travel measures were among the most controversial interventions applied during the COVID-19 pandemic, given their prolonged use and widespread impacts on individuals and populations, there remains limited study of their secondary impacts. If risk-based approaches are to be advanced, involving informed choices between public health and other policy goals, there is a need to better understand such impacts, including their differential impacts across diverse populations and settings.
Outcomes and prognosis of postpartum hemorrhage according to management protocol: an 11-year retrospective study from two referral centers
Authors: Jung Ye Won , Kim Jin , Shin Won Kyo , Song Soo Youn , Choi Jae Sung , Hyun Suk Hwan , Ko Young Bok , Lee Mina , Kang Byung Hun , Kim Bo Young , Min Jin Hong , In Yong Nam , Jung Sang Min , Oh Se Kwang , Yoo Heon Jong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
No standard treatment guidelines have been established for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). We aimed to assess the differences in outcomes and prognoses between patients with PPH who underwent surgical and non-surgical treatment.

Methods
This retrospective study included 230 patients diagnosed with PPH at two referral hospitals between August 2013 and October 2023. The patients were divided into non-surgical (group 1, n = 159) and surgical intervention groups (group 2, n = 71). A subgroup analysis was performed by dividing the surgical intervention group into immediate (n = 45) and delayed surgical intervention groups (n = 26).

Results
Initial lactic acid levels and shock index were significantly higher in group 2 (2.85 ± 1.37 vs. 4.54 ± 3.63 mmol/L, p = 0.001, and 0.83 ± 0.26 vs. 1.10 ± 0.51, p < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, initial heart rate and body temperature were significantly lower in group 2 (92.5 ± 21.0 vs. 109.0 ± 28.1 beat/min, p < 0.001, and 37.3 ± 0.8 °C vs. 37.0 ± 0.9 °C, p = 0.011, respectively). Logistic regression analysis identified low initial body temperature, high lactic acid level, and shock index as independent predictors of surgical intervention (p = 0.029, p = 0.027, and p = 0.049, respectively). Regarding the causes of PPH, tone was significantly more prevalent in group 1 (57.2% vs. 35.2%, p = 0.002), whereas trauma was significantly more prevalent in group 2 (24.5% vs. 39.4%, p = 0.030). Group 2 had worse overall outcomes and prognoses than group 1. The subgroup analysis showed significantly higher rates of uterine atony combined with other causes, hysterectomy, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in the delayed surgical intervention group than the immediate surgical intervention group (42.2% vs. 69.2%, p = 0.027; 51.1% vs. 73.1%, p = 0.049; and 17.8% vs. 46.2%, p = 0.018, respectively).

Conclusions
Patients with PPH presenting with increased lactic acid levels and shock index and decreased body temperature may be surgical candidates. Additionally, immediate surgical intervention in patients with uterine atony combined with other causes of PPH could improve prognosis and reduce postoperative complications.
Prevalence and factors associated with unhealthy metabolic status according to body mass index: analysis of a national nutritional survey
Authors: Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan , Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E. , Vásquez-Romero Luisa Erika Milagros , Loayza-Castro Joan A. , Iturregui Paucar Cori Raquel , Vigil-Ventura Enrique , Gutiérrez De Carrillo Carmen Inés 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Although obesity substantially influences public health owing to related comorbidities, it has been discovered that the incidence of such issues is not directly related to obesity but to the patient’s unhealthy metabolic status (MUS) independent of the body mass index (BMI).

Objectives
To describe the prevalence of UMS overall and according to BMI and determine the factors associated with it.

Methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was used based on the analysis of secondary databases called the Life Stage Nutritional Surveillance Survey (VIANEV). Participants were selected in two stages, finally obtaining 885 participants. UMS was defined based on the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III used to define metabolic status in a set of 5 parameters, if the subject presented two or more alterations it was considered UMS. Six groups were formed according to BMI: metabolically healthy, average weight (MHNW) and unhealthy (MUNW), metabolically healthy, overweight (MHOW) and unhealthy (MUOW), metabolically healthy, obese (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO).).

Results
The total prevalence of UMS was 73.11%, with MUNW, MUOW, and MUO being 47.90%, 80.34%, and 96.44%, respectively. Only 5.31% did not present any metabolic alteration. The multivariable analysis found variations globally according to sex, age, marital status, geographical region, smoking habit, and altitude.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of UMS was observed in Peru, indicating that BMI alone is not a sufficient indicator of metabolic status. These findings suggest that strategies should be prioritized to address the growing problem of UMS, considering the particularities of each subpopulation and using a multifaceted approach that addresses modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
Understanding machine learning applications in dementia research and clinical practice: a review for biomedical scientists and clinicians
Authors: Wang Yihan , Liu Shu , Spiteri Alanna G. , Huynh Andrew Liem Hieu , Chu Chenyin , Masters Colin L. , Goudey Benjamin , Pan Yijun , Jin Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSeveral (inter)national longitudinal dementia observational datasets encompassing demographic information, neuroimaging, biomarkers, neuropsychological evaluations, and muti-omics data, have ushered in a new era of potential for integrating machine learning (ML) into dementia research and clinical practice. ML, with its proficiency in handling multi-modal and high-dimensional data, has emerged as an innovative technique to facilitate early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and to predict onset and progression of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In this review, we evaluate current and potential applications of ML, including its history in dementia research, how it compares to traditional statistics, the types of datasets it uses and the general workflow. Moreover, we identify the technical barriers and challenges of ML implementations in clinical practice. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of ML with non-technical explanations for broader accessibility to biomedical scientists and clinicians.
The radiologist’s role in detecting systemic anticancer therapy-related interstitial lung disease: an educational review
Authors: Dinkel Julien , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Tarantino Paolo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Systemic anticancer therapies (SACTs) are the leading cause of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (ILD). As more novel SACTs become approved, the incidence of this potentially life-threatening adverse event (AE) may increase. Early detection of SACT-related ILD allows for prompt implementation of drug-specific management recommendations, improving the likelihood of AE resolution and, in some instances, widening the patient’s eligibility for future cancer treatment options. ILD requires a diagnosis of exclusion through collaboration with the patient’s multidisciplinary team to rule out other possible etiologies of new or worsening respiratory signs and symptoms. At Grade 1, ILD is asymptomatic, and thus the radiologist is key to detecting the AE prior to the disease severity worsening. Planned computed tomography scans should be reviewed for the presence of ILD in addition to being assessed for tumor response to treatment, and when ILD is suspected, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan should be requested immediately. An HRCT scan, with < 2-mm slice thickness, is the most appropriate method for detecting ILD. Multiple patterns of ILD exist, which can impact patient prognosis. The four main patterns include acute interstitial pneumonia / acute respiratory distress syndrome, organizing pneumonia, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and non-specific interstitial pneumonia; their distinct radiological features, along with rarer patterns, are discussed here. Furthermore, HRCT is essential for following the course of ILD and might help to determine the intensity of AE management and the appropriateness of re-challenging with SACT, where indicated by drug-specific prescribing information. ILD events should be monitored closely until complete resolution.

Critical relevance statement
The incidence of potentially treatment-limiting and life-threatening systemic anticancer therapy-related interstitial lung disease (SACT-related ILD) events is likely increasing as more novel regimens become approved. This review provides best-practice recommendations for the early detection of SACT-related ILD by radiologists.

Key Points

Radiologists are crucial in detecting asymptomatic (Grade 1) ILD before severity/prognosis worsens.

High-resolution computed tomography is the most appropriate method for detecting ILD.

Drug-induced ILD is a diagnosis of exclusion, involving a multidisciplinary team.

Familiarity with common HRCT patterns, described here, is key for prompt detection.

Physicians should highlight systemic anticancer therapies (SACTs) with a known risk for interstitial lung diseases (ILD) on scan requisitions.

Graphical Abstract
Femoral head decentration on hip MRI: comparison between imaging planes, methods of contrast administration, and hip deformities
Authors: Schmaranzer Florian , Becker Tadeus A. , Heimann Alexander F. , Roshardt Jose , Schwab Joseph M. , Murphy Stephen B. , Steppacher Simon D. , Tannast Moritz , Lerch Till D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To compare the prevalence of femoral head decentration (FHD) on different MR imaging planes in patients undergoing direct/indirect hip MR arthrography (MRA) with asymptomatic controls and to evaluate its association with osseous deformities.

Methods
IRB-approved retrospective single-center study of symptomatic hips undergoing direct or indirect hip MRA at 3 T. Asymptomatic participants underwent non-contrast hip MRI at 3 T. FHD was defined as a continuous fluid layer between the acetabulum and femoral head and assessed on axial, sagittal and radial images. The association of intra-articular/intra-venous contrast agents and the prevalence of FHD was evaluated. The association of FHD with osseous deformities and joint damage was assessed using multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results
Three-hundred ninety-four patients (447 hips, mean age 31 ± 9 years, 247 females) were included and compared to 43 asymptomatic controls (43 hips, mean age 31 ± 6 years, 26 females). FHD was most prevalent on radial images and more frequent in symptomatic hips (30% versus 2%, p < 0.001). FHD prevalence was not associated with the presence/absence of intra-articular contrast agents (30% versus 22%, OR = 1.5 (95% CI 0.9–2.5), p = 0.125). FHD was associated with hip dysplasia (OR = 6.1 (3.3–11.1), p < 0.001), excessive femoral torsion (OR = 3.0 (1.3–6.8), p = 0.010), and severe cartilage damage (OR = 3.6 (2.0–6.7), p < 0.001).

Conclusion
While rare in asymptomatic patients, femoral head decentration in symptomatic patients is associated with osseous deformities predisposing to hip instability, as well as with extensive cartilage damage.

Critical relevance statement
Decentration of the femoral head on radial MRA may be interpreted as a sign of hip instability in symptomatic hips without extensive cartilage defects. Its presence could unmask hip instability and yield promise in surgical decision-making.

Key Points

The best method of identifying femoral head decentration is radial MRI.

The presence/absence of intra-articular contrast is not associated with femoral head decentration.

Femoral head decentration is associated with hip deformities predisposing to hip instability.

Graphical Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin restores the immunogenicity and enhances the anticancer immunosurveillance of cisplatin by activating the PERK/eIF2α pathway
Authors: Li Yumei , Ma Pei , Li Jingxia , Wu Feng , Guo Mengfei , Zhou E , Song Siwei , Wang Sufei , Zhang Shuai , Jin Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunosurveillance is pivotal in the effectiveness of anticancer therapies and tumor control. The ineffectiveness of cisplatin in activating the immunosurveillance is attributed to its lack of adjuvanticity resulting from its inability to stimulate endoplasmic reticulum stress. Dihydroartemisinin demonstrates the anti-tumor effects through various mechanisms, including the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress. This study aimed to develop a novel strategy to enhance the immunogenicity of dying tumor cells by combining cisplatin with dihydroartemisinin, thereby triggering effective anti-tumor immunosurveillance and improving the efficacy of cisplatin in clinical practice.MethodsLewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and CT26 colon cancer cell lines and subcutaneous tumor models were used in this study. The importance of immunosurveillance was validated in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models. The ability of dihydroartemisinin and cisplatin therapy to induce immunogenic cell death and tumor growth control in vivo was validated by prophylactic tumor vaccination and therapeutic tumor models. The underlying mechanism was elucidated through the pharmaceutical or genetic intervention of the PERK/eIF2α pathway in vitro and in vivo.ResultsDihydroartemisinin enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species in cisplatin-treated LLC and CT26 cancer cells. The combination treatment of dihydroartemisinin with cisplatin promoted cell death and ensured an optimal release of damage-associated molecular patterns from dying cancer cells, promoting the phagocytosis of dendritic cells. In the tumor vaccination model, we confirmed that dihydroartemisinin plus cisplatin treatment induced immunogenic cell death. Utilizing immunocompetent and immunodeficient mouse models, we further demonstrated that the combination treatment suppressed the tumor growth of CT26 colon cancer and LLC lung cancer, leading to an improved prognosis through the restoration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses and reinstatement of anti-cancer immunosurveillance in vivo. Mechanistically, dihydroartemisinin restored the immunogenicity of cisplatin by activating the adjuvanticity of damage-associated molecular patterns, such as calreticulin exposure, through the PERK/eIF2α pathway. Additionally, the inhibition of eIF2α phosphorylation attenuated the anti-tumor efficiency of C + D in vivo.ConclusionsWe highlighted that dihydroartemisinin acts as an immunogenic cell death rescuer for cisplatin, activating anticancer immunosurveillance in a PERK/eIF2α-dependent manner and offering a strategy to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of cisplatin in clinical practice.
The netball injury evidence base: a scoping review of methodologies and recommendations for future approaches
Authors: Horne Sara , Shaheen Aliah Faisal , Baltzopoulos Bill , Hills Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNetball is a sport with a large participation base and a high risk of injuries. Effective injury prevention strategies are dependent upon a clear understanding of injury issues, aetiology and mechanisms, requiring robust research methodologies to ensure a reliable evidence base. This scoping review aims to identify the characteristics and range of netball injury research methodologies, to inform recommendations for future research.MethodsA systematic search of SPORTDiscus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Academic Search Complete, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, from 1985 to May 2023 identified relevant studies. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed studies assessing injury incidence, aetiology and mechanisms in netball.ResultsFollowing screening, 65 studies were included (68% descriptive epidemiology, 32% analytic epidemiology). Descriptive epidemiology reported data from hospital/clinic and insurance databases (57%) and netball competitions (43%). Only two studies used ongoing, systematic injury surveillance in netball cohorts, and significant heterogeneity existed in study designs, data collection methods, injury definitions and injury incidence rates calculations. Studies assessed a limited number of risk factors (descriptive competition studies: median: n = 4; analytic studies median:n = 6), with 76% using a simplistic reductionist approach to determine causality. Basic descriptions and retrospective recall of injury mechanisms reduced accuracy. Only two studies conducted comprehensive assessments of injury mechanisms using video-based methods.ConclusionTo establish an accurate netball injury evidence base, future research should prioritise the development of reliable, continuous surveillance systems. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement guidelines are recommended for accurate injury data collection and reporting. A multifactorial approach should be adopted to assess the complex interaction between multiple risk factors, player load and the injury inciting event. Comprehensive descriptions of injury mechanisms using video methods, alongside descriptions from medical staff are recommended. This information is crucial for developing targeted prevention strategies.
Will fire-smart landscape management buffer the effects of climate and land-use changes on fire regimes?
Authors: Sil Ângelo , Azevedo João C. , Fernandes Paulo M. , Honrado João P. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Long-term farmland abandonment has increased fuel build-up in many Euro-Mediterranean mountainous regions. The high fuel hazard in these landscapes, combined with ongoing climate change, is increasing the frequency of extreme wildfires, thus altering contemporary fire regimes. Mitigating the loss of the landscape’s capacity to regulate large and intense fires is crucial to prevent future harmful effects of fires. As such, effective strategies to manage these fire-prone landscapes are needed. Yet, further understanding of their performance under global change scenarios is required. This study assessed the effects of fire-smart management strategies on future landscape dynamics, fire regulation capacity (FRC), and fire regime in a Mediterranean fire-prone mountainous landscape in Portugal (30,650 ha) undergoing long-term land abandonment and climate change scenarios. For that, we applied the LANDIS-II model under climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and long-term farmland abandonment (2020–2050) according to three fire-smart management strategies focused on fire prevention compared with a business-as-usual (BAU) strategy based on fire suppression.

Results
Future fire activity and land dynamics resulted in changes that fostered landscape heterogeneity and fragmentation and favoured fire-adapted forests and agroforestry systems while decreasing the dominance of shrublands and croplands. FRC decreased over time, particularly under RCP 8.5 and the BAU strategy. In turn, fire-smart strategies better prevented large and intense fires than the BAU strategy, but their effectiveness decreased under RCP 8.5. The loss of FRC resulted in increased burned area and fire frequency, which predicts a shift from contemporary fire regimes but more markedly under RCP 8.5 and in the BAU strategy.

Conclusions
Fire-smart strategies outperformed BAU in averting current fire regime intensification. Merging forest- and silvopasture-based management is the most promising approach in taming the effects of climate and farmland abandonment on future fire activity. Our study underlines that planning and management policies in fire-prone Mediterranean mountain landscapes must integrate fire-smart strategies to decrease landscape fuel hazard and buffer the impact of global change on future fire regimes.
Investigation of Applicability of Non-sintered Cement Mortar for Precast Concrete by Steam Curing
Authors: Na Hyeong-Won , Hyung Won-Gil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNon-sintered cement (NSC) mortar was developed using only industrial by-products, such as ground granulated blast furnace slag, classes C and F fly ashes, and slaked lime. The characteristics of different NSC mortar formulations were investigated, as well as their applicability for use in forming precast concrete products. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope analyses were performed to examine the internal structure of the different formulations. Overall, the developed NSC mortar satisfied the existing quality standards in terms of strength performance and absorption rate. Therefore, it is expected to be highly applicable as a raw material for production of the desired cement products.