bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of ground‐penetrating radar as a useful tool for assessing pocket gopher burrows
Authors: Cortez Jorge D. , Henke Scott E. , Redeker Eric , Fulbright Tim E. , Riddle Richard , Young John 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGround‐penetrating radar (GPR) is an innovative and non‐invasive method that uses radar to penetrate the ground and develop three‐dimensional digital images of the top several meters of the earth. Ground‐penetrating radar has been used extensively in the fields of engineering, military science, forensic science, archaeology, and environmental remediation, but has received little attention by wildlife professionals. We demonstrated a possible application of GPR for wildlife studies for mapping burrow systems using maritime pocket gophers (Geomys personatus maritimus), a subspecies of concern as listed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Ground‐penetrating radar surveys were conducted at Naval Air Station—Corpus Christi on five 15‐m × 15‐m areas with >200 above‐ground gopher mounds/ha during July 2007. Survey areas were scanned with a Geophysical Survey Systems Inc. SIR‐3000, GPR digital control unit and a 900‐MHz ground‐coupled antenna. Within the 5 areas, we located 8 gophers and mapped 267 m of tunnels that had an average depth of 0.6 m. We were able to differentiate deteriorating or abandoned tunnels from active tunnels, detect an underground pipeline, and distinguish changes in soil texture using GPR. Ground‐penetrating radar is a non‐destructive and non‐invasive method to gain knowledge of fossorial animal movements and potential destabilization of soil integrity. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
A methodology for long‐term population monitoring of the endangered key largo cotton mouse
Authors: Greene Daniel U. , Castleberry Steven B. , Mengak Michael T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Key Largo cotton mouse (Peromyscus gossypinus allapaticola) was federally listed as Endangered in 1984 due to habitat loss and subsequent population decline, but because of infrequent monitoring, the extent of decline and long‐term population trends are unknown. We modeled population abundance under a variety of trapping scenarios to develop a monitoring protocol that would provide accurate population estimates and could be conducted more frequently under current personnel and budget constraints. We captured cotton mice on 33 trapping grids in Key Largo, Florida, USA, during 3 trapping sessions (1 Mar–11 May, 4 Jul–7 Sep, and 29 Oct–31 Dec) in 2007. We compared demographic parameter estimates from subsets of trapping grids with estimates from all grids to identify a subset of grids that would produce population estimates within 10% and remain within the 95% confidence intervals of estimates using all grids when both methods were extrapolated to total available habitat. There were insufficient captures in session 1 to produce a reliable population estimate. We found that 13 and 12 trapping grids, respectively, produced abundance estimates meeting our criteria in sessions 2 and 3. We conclude that the subset of 12 grids trapped during November and December will allow a 64% reduction in number of trapping grids necessary to provide a reliable population estimate. Employed annually, our recommended trapping protocol provides state and federal agencies an efficient method for monitoring trends in the Key Largo cotton mouse population. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Toward a non‐invasive inuit polar bear survey: Genetic data from polar bear hair snags
Authors: De Groot Peter Van Coeverden , Wong Pamela B. Y. , Harris Christopher , Dyck Markus G. , Kamookak Louie , Pagès Marie , Michaux Johan , Boag Peter T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe explore the feasibility of collecting microsatellite genotypes of non‐invasively collected hair from free‐ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in M'Clintock Channel, Nunavut, Canada. We estimate the minimum number of individuals in a region of the M'Clintock Channel population and evaluate potential sampling biases associated with corral sampling stations. We optimized 6 variable microsatellite loci for genotyping hair‐snag DNA with low genotyping error (mean allelic dropout and false allele error rates <5%). In May of 4 sequential years (2006–2009), we collected 595 hair‐snag samples from 145 baited corral sampling stations, from which 319 hair snags were used to detect 59–82 individuals using 4–6 microsatellite loci; we also genetically sexed these individuals. Although genetic sex estimates of matching genotypes are generally in agreement, the estimated sex ratio differs from that previously reported from aerial mark–recapture, which suggests a potential male bias in our sampling stations. These noninvasive methods of identifying individual and sex of bears hold promise for frequent and inexpensive estimates of polar bear population activity informed by Inuit hunters. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Antioxidative and Functional Properties of Pumpkin Oil Cake Globulin Hydrolysates
Authors: Popović Ljiljana , Peričin Draginja , Vaštag Žužana , Popović Senka , Krimer Vera , Torbica Aleksandra 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCucurbitin extracted from pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) oil cake was enzymatically hydrolysed with three different enzymes viz. alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin. Antioxidative and functional properties of cucurbitin hydrolysates with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH) were investigated. The antioxidant activity of the hydrolysates was strongly dependent on the enzyme used. The hydrolysates obtained by alcalase and pepsin showed antioxidative potential whereas flavourzyme hydrolysates did not demonstrate these activities. Reducing power and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity of cucurbitin hydrolysate were positively related to DH. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the hydrolysate obtained by alcalase at DH 25.6 % [reducing power of 0.25 ± 0.01 A700 nm and ABTS scavenging activity of 3.34 ± 0.02 mmol/L Trolox equivalent antioxidant coefficients (TEAC)]. Hydrolysis by all enzymes increased the protein solubility within the studied pH range. The best emulsion activity and stability index (EAI = 143.28 ± 3.05 m2/g and ESI = 87.5 ± 1.96 min) have hydrolysates produced by flavourzyme (DH 9.2 %) whereas alcalase produced hydrolysates with the best foaming capacity (FC = 242 ± 3.21). The results demonstrate that hydrolysates produced in the present study have good functional properties as well as antioxidant activity indicating their possible use in different food systems.
SLIDE REDUCTION, SUCCESSIVE MINIMA AND SEVERAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: LI JIANWEI , WEI WEI 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGama and Nguyen [‘Finding short lattice vectors within Mordell’s inequality’, in: Proceedings of the 40th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, New York, 2008, 257–278] have presented slide reduction which is currently the best SVP approximation algorithm in theory. In this paper, we prove the upper and lower bounds for the ratios $\Vert { \mathbf{b} }_{i}^{\ast } \Vert / {\lambda }_{i} (\mathbf{L} )$ and $\Vert {\mathbf{b} }_{i} \Vert / {\lambda }_{i} (\mathbf{L} )$, where ${\mathbf{b} }_{1} , \ldots , {\mathbf{b} }_{n} $ is a slide reduced basis and ${\lambda }_{1} (\mathbf{L} ), \ldots , {\lambda }_{n} (\mathbf{L} )$ denote the successive minima of the lattice $\mathbf{L} $. We define generalised slide reduction and use slide reduction to approximate $i$-SIVP, SMP and CVP. We also present a critical slide reduced basis for blocksize 2.
Silurian reefs off Saaremaa and their extension towards Gotland, central Baltic Sea
Authors: TUULING IGOR , FLODÉN TOM 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe Silurian reefs off Saaremaa in the Baltic Sea were studied by means of high-resolution seismic reflection profiling. The abundance and diversity of the reefs increases off Saaremaa concomitantly with the deepening of the Baltic Silurian Basin towards Gotland. The peak of the reefs around Saaremaa occurred during the Middle Wenlock. The reef facies retreated further off Saaremaa during the Late Wenlock, became episodically restored around the island during the early Ludlow and finally ceased during the late Ludlow. A similar SW–NE–SW migration of reefs reflects an alternating transgressive–regressive pattern in the nearshore shallow shelf environment, where already minor sea-level fluctuations strongly influenced the conditions for reef growth. During the early Wenlock, a bathymetric break with a large barrier-reef-like structure divided the shallow shelf offshore Saaremaa facially into back-reef and southerly sloping fore-reef areas. The width of this SW-migrating barrier (c.8 km) and the extent of reef bodies within it (c.4 km) are the largest known in the Baltic region. During the Silurian, the reefs between Saaremaa and Gotland were flourishing to a much larger extent than is visible today. The primary Silurian reef pattern was increasingly destroyed towards Gotland by later erosion. This has resulted in a large area void of Wenlock reefs off northern Gotland. Off southern Gotland, the narrow conical low-energy deeper-water reefs prevail, as the wave-agitated shallow-water facies with larger and lenticular Wenlock and Ludlow reefs are largely eroded around the Gotland Deep.
Two shorter notes, poetological and philological, on the newmismatics:
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: April 2013

To coin a phrase, lots of Virgil line our pockets and purses. Real money may be a matter of digits on a credit card over the internet, but cultural identity is still summed up for a vocal minority of English in terms of heavy metal. The pound, that vestige of the ￡ibra (Schillings und Denarii). Here is a post-modern coin's paean to its own nature: round each rim runs the ￡egend:DECVS*ET*TVTAMENSo ￡ong as the ￡ettering is ￡egible, the pound is ￡egal currency. And so it proclaims: this inscription tells us its function, ‘ornament’ + ‘defence’, as Dryden would put it. This 3-D epigraphy is worth its weight in cash – it is the pound's ‘grace plus protection’. In fact, it works towards hendiadys (my favourite rhetorical figure, for some reason: ‘twofathepriceofone’; any ‘one-in-two’ cleft), since the single band running ceaselessly and unbroken 360° around the rim is at once the glory of the unit of exchange and the safeguard it is banking on. Credit where credit is due, these are the two sides of the coin's identity. Its realm must still be the Rome from Rome of pre-Commonwealth Britannia, for brass is brass, and never lies – in Anglo-￡atin.
Undeciphered tablets and undeciphered territories. A comparison of Late Minoan 1B archives
Authors: Kyriakidis Evangelos 
Published: April 2013

Recent discussions on the politics of Minoan Crete concentrate on the relations between the ‘first-order centres’, ‘central places’ or ‘palaces’ and their function within the wider social landscape. The arguments have been based on the proliferation of signet rings and their iconography (Schoep (1999) 213–21), on pottery evidence, i.e. storage capacity (Christakis (1999)) and petrological composition (Day and Wilson (1994); (1998); (2002); Knappett (1999); Knappett and Schoep (2000)), as well as on other iconographical and administrative evidence (Palmer (1995); Knappett and Schoep (2000)). The evidence regarding administration is perhaps the most reliable, since it is within administrations that the relations between centres are crystalised.Ruth Palmer (1995) and Ilse Schoep (1999) have made important contributions in this area. The former presented much of the evidence on the variation between the various sites, whereas the latter elaborated on that information and argued that the various administrations on Crete are independent of one another and therefore also independent of the Knossian hegemony.
Casts and cast-offs: the origins of the Museum of Classical Archaeology
Authors: Beard Mary 
Published: April 2013

‘It's my PARTY…;’The Cambridge Museum of Classical and General Archaeology opened on 6 May 1884 with – what else? – a PARTY. Distinguished guests turned out, the University meeting the Aristocracy, Arts and Politics: H.R.H. Prince Albert Victor of Wales (the Queen's son, then an undergraduate), Sir Frederick Leighton (President of the Royal Academy), the painters Lawrence Alma-Tadema and Edward Poynter, the American Ambassador, Sir Frederick Burton (Director of the National Gallery), George Scharf (Director of the National Portrait Gallery), and other assorted dignitaries rubbing shoulders and sharing the fun with Richard Jebb (Regius Professor of Greek), E. B. (Primitive Culture) Tylor, S. H. Butcher (of Butcher and Lang's Odyssey), as well as (in the usual formula) ‘the Heads of Colleges, Doctors and Professors, the officers of the University’ … and their ‘ladies’. ‘Luncheon’ was taken in the hall of Gonville and Caius College at one o'clock. A great feast, no doubt, but a bit of a sprint. By two o'clock the assembled company had already finished the pudding and was proceeding to the lecture room of the new museum in Little St Mary's Lane.
Adam's womb (Augustine,Confessions13.28) and the salty sea
Authors: Clark E. G. 
Published: April 2013

a quo [sc. Deo] si non esset lapsus Adam, non diffunderetur ex utero eius salsugo maris, genus humanum profunde curiosum et procellose tumidum et instabiliter fluidumThis paper begins with a puzzle, a passage ofConfessions13 which has left commentators baffled. How can Adam have a uterus? Gibb and Montgomery, in 1927, gave the problem a name; O'Donnell, in 1992, opted for citing their comment with a quiet gloss of his ownuteroG–M (understatement): ‘A remarkable example of catachresis. It is to be explained, no doubt, by the fact that “Adam” is used generically rather than personally.
First words: a valedictory lecture
Authors: Burnyeat M. F. 
Published: April 2013

Mr Vice-Chancellor,May I thank you for coming to preside at this occasion, and thank everyone else for coming to be presided over – most especially my colleagues in the Faculty of Classics. You were not all here when I joined the Faculty eighteen years ago, but you have all helped to sustain the atmosphere of cooperation, good will, and intellectual adventure, which has made this Faculty such a wonderful place to work and teach in. There is much that I shall miss when I go. But that is not what I want to talk about now. To borrow the words of our Chairman, Ian DuQuesnay, I should like this occasion to be a party rather than a wake.What I want to say is this. It is too late now – twelve years too late – to apologize for not having given an Inaugural Lecture. There was no particular moment when I decided not to, just many many moments when other work seemed both more urgent and, to be honest, more interesting. The trouble with Inaugural Lectures is that you are expected to define your subject and say how it ought to be done. You begin by paying respectful tribute to your predecessor – in my case G. E. L. Owen, so the tribute would have been sincere and a pleasure to compose. But then comes the hard part, in which you set out ‘the aims and objectives’ (as the managerial language of our present rulers would have us call them) of your discipline. In other words, I would have had to tell myself and my colleagues where ancient philosophy in Cambridge ought to go and how it ought to get there.
The sufficiency of virtue for happiness: not so easily overturned?
Authors: Sharples R.W. 
Published: April 2013

The sufficiency of virtue for happiness is a central Stoic doctrine. Indeed it can be argued that it is one of the doctrines thatdefinethe Stoic position; and it was the subject of extensive controversy in antiquity, coming under attack both from Academics and from Peripatetics. And Peripatetics had a particular interest in the topic, for Aristotle had already discussed it inNicomachean Ethics1.8–10, in a way which, to say the least, left room for a range of divergent interpretations.The objections that were raised against the Stoic position in antiquity differ in their degree of persuasiveness. Some indeed point to fundamental differences of opinion of the sort that are not easily, if at all, reconcilable by argument. But others simply misinterpret or misrepresent the Stoic position. It is with some of the latter that the present paper will chiefly be concerned. Its aims are therefore limited even though the issue is important.
The Cretan ‘Song of Teacher John’: a note
Authors: Hutchinson R. W. 
Published: April 2013

The Cretan song of ‘Teacher John’ narrates in an epic manner the tragic history of the revolt against the Turks in Sphakia led by Dhaskaloyannis. The poem was composed by an illiterate cheese-maker, named Barba Pantzelios, and written down in 1786, only sixteen years after the outbreak of the rebellion. In dialect the poem is an interesting link between medieval poems such as the epic of Erotokritos and modern Cretan ballads, but regarded as an epic it is something far more interesting. It is not so much a link with Homer as a reminiscence of the epic lays behind Homer, the lays sung not by Demodocus and other royal protégés, but by village bards celebrating the exploits of local heroes.The metre is the ‘political’ metre regularly employed in medieval and modern ballads. The language is good Cretan dialect with only a smattering of Turkish words, and only rarely a word to indicate that the author was a West Cretan. Pantzelios is no Homer but can hold his own with the best of the balladists, and it is astonishing how Homeric traits of which he could never have read reappear in his poem.
Some Passages from Virgil and Horace
Authors: Ker A. 
Published: April 2013

A. 1, 573–4. urbem quam statuo vestra est; subducite navis;Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur.Servius says agetur means regetur, a purely ad hoc translation, as Conington observed, and one which is not supported by the remarks of A. J. Bell on the passage (A.J.P. (1919), pp. 198—200). But Conington's own translation is quite as ad hoc. He says that agere is a ‘variety’ for ducere ‘regard’. But it does not follow diat because άγω can mean ‘regard’, ago can do so too. Conington's parallel, 10, 108, Tros Rutulusne fuat, nullo discrimine habebo, is not helpful, as habeo is frequently so used. But there is no example, as far as I know, of ago in this sense.
On the Sources and Chronology of Antiochus I's Battle against the Galatians
Authors: Bar-Kochva B. 
Published: April 2013

The Galatian invasion of Asia Minor, which shook the foundations of the ancient Ionian civilization, finds echoes in a considerable number of epigraphical documents, all of which have been analysed several times over in the course of the complicated discussions of the chronology of the First Syrian War. In this paper I shall concentrate on the sources which have been related to Antiochus I's decisive battle against the Galatians, weigh their relevance to that battle and their authenticity, and attempt to date the events reflected in them.The battle was probably commemorated in a comprehensive epic by Simonides of Magnesia. The Suda s.v. Σιμωνίδης reports: Σιμωνίδης Μάγνης Σιπύλου, ἐποποιός. γέγονεν ἐπὶ Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Μεγάλου κληθέντος, καὶ γέγραφε τἁς Ἀντιόχου τοῦ Μεγάλου πράξεις καὶ τὴν πρὸς Γαλάτας μάχην, ὅτε μετὰ τῶν ἐλεφάντων τὴν ἵππον αὐτῶν ἔφθειρεν. The difficulty of calling Antiochus τοῦ Μεγάλου has led some to suggest that the Suda is referring to Antiochus III, but the reference to the victory of the elephants over the Galatian cavalry, known from Lucian to have decided the battle of Antiochus I against the Galatians, excludes any alternative. Lucian, however rhetorical and inaccurate, can be trusted when he attributes the victory to the elephants (see below). The conjecture that the latter reference was a gloss, inserted by the compiler or someone acquainted with Lucian, might have been given credit had we information about any campaign conducted against the Galatians by Antiochus III. But for the period of Antiochus III, which is covered in the most comprehensive way, we have no record, not even the slightest indication, of a military operation against the Galatians, and if there had been some confrontation which escaped notice, it could only have been on a small scale, and would not have been commemorated as the most prominent achievement of this king, as the phrasing of the Suda seems to suggest.
Aristotelian Mistakes
Authors: Schofield M. 
Published: April 2013

In his book Roman Law: Linguistic, Social and Philosophical Aspects (Edinburgh, 1969), Professor Daube proposes a heterodox interpretation of Aristotle's distinction in EN v 8 between two sorts of ἁμαρτήματα: ἁτυχήματα, mishaps, and ἁμαρτήματα proper, mistakes. Mr Crook, in his review of the book (CR n.s. xx (1970), 363), has already taken issue with the main point of this interpretation. In what follows I hope to clinch the verdict for orthodoxy, while ceding to Daube a point of broader significance.Aristotle characterizes ἁμάρτημα as a sort of injury committed ‘in a transaction’ (as we might say, by one private person against another), involving ignorance on the agent's part about some particular circumstance of his action (1135 b 11–16). He calls this class of injury ἁμάρτημα because he holds that inasmuch as the agent did not know what he was doing, to that extent he did not mean to do what he did (cf. 1135 a 23–32).
Catullus 11.11–12
Authors: Wilkinson L.P. 
Published: April 2013

…. siue trans altas gradietur AlpesCaesaris uisens monimenta magniGallicum Rhenum horribilesque ultimosque Britannos.So the MSS (except that for ultimosque O has the uox nihili ‘uitimosque’ and that a corrector of R and some inferior MSS omit the first -que); but in modern times only the Budé text of G.Lafaye has printed horribilesque unemended and unathetised, and that without a note despite Bentley's observation (on Hor. C. 3.14.11) that there is no instance of a short final vowel in hiatus where there is no break in the sense. The MSS reading does not scan.Statius in his editio prior of 1566 saved the metre by introducing a postponed et – horribilesque et ultimosque, taking the first -que to mean ‘both’. Scaliger preferred to substitute the postponed et for the first -que, and was followed by Voss and Bentley (on Hor. C. 1.35.29). There is no need to detail here the numerous other suggestions that have been made: I agree with Fordyce that none of them is entirely satisfactory. Some of them substitute a noun for the first -que, and one of these, Haupt's horribile aequor (Opuscula I. 98-105), has now won general favour, having been adopted by Postgate, Merrill, Kroll and Mynors. Kroll admits that horribiles would be a suitable enough epithet for the Britons cf. Caes. B.G. 5.14.2; and for the epithet standing alone, Hor. C. 1.29.4); but the reason given by Haupt for introducing an alien noun is that horribiles detracts from the force of ultimos (Fordyce speaks vaguely of ‘the awkwardly paired epithets’).
The beliefs of a Pyrrhonist
Authors: Barnes Jonathan 
Published: April 2013

A Pyrrhonist's researches do not end in discovery; nor yet do they conclude that discovery is impossible. For they do not terminate at all: the researches continue (PH 1.1, 4), and the researcher finds himself in a condition of ἐποχή (PH 1.7). Έποχή is defined as ‘a standstill of the intellect, as a result of which we neither deny nor affirm anything’ (PH 1.10). The Sceptical investigator neither asserts nor denies, neither believes nor disbelieves.Έποχή is characteristically produced by argument - indeed, one of the most refreshing features of the Pyrrhonist tracts of Sextus Empiricus is that they are stuffed full of argumentation. When a philosopher offers us an argument, he normally implies that, if we accept the premisses, we ought to accept the conclusion. It is thus natural to suppose that a Pyrrhonist's arguments similarly imply an intellectual ought: ‘Consider these premisses’, the Sceptic urges, ‘and you will see that you should suspend judgement’. A few Pyrrhonian passages do indeed contain such an intellectual ought; but those passages are, I think, misleading. Sextus usually says, not ‘you should suspend judgement’, but ‘you will (or: must) suspend judgement’.