bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource sharing in LTE‐Advanced relay networks: uplink system performance analysis
Authors: Bulakci Ömer , Bou Saleh Abdallah , Redana Simone , Raaf Bernhard , Hämäläinen Jyri 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTRelay‐enhanced networks are expected to fulfil the demanding coverage and capacity requirements in a cost‐efficient way. Type 1 inband relaying has been standardised as an integral part of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long‐Term Evolution Release 10 and beyond (LTE‐Advanced). This type of relay nodes (RNs) supports a relaying mode where the RN to donor evolved node B (donor eNB, DeNB) link (relay link, a.k.a. backhaul link) transmission is time‐division multiplexed with the RN‐served user equipments (RUEs) to RN link (access link) transmission, whereas macrocell‐served user equipments (MUEs) share the same resources with the RNs at DeNB. Hence, system performance depends strongly on the resource sharing strategy among and within the links. Further, the set of subframes assigned for the relay link transmission is semi‐statically configured and thus a dynamic reconfiguration to adapt to fast‐changing system conditions (e.g. RN cell load) is not viable. Besides, in order to fully exploit the benefits of relaying, the inter‐cell interference, which is increased because of the presence of RNs, should be limited via a proper power control (PC) scheme on each link. Therefore, an optimisation of both the resource sharing and PC strategy is required to enhance the overall performance of relay networks. In order to tackle these issues, we employ a statistic‐based over‐provisioned backhaul subframe allocation to be utilised for flexible co‐scheduling of RNs and MUEs at the DeNB. In addition, we propose a combination of RN scheduling based on the number of RUEs and user throughput throttling achieving max–min fairness. Performance analysis of various resource sharing techniques along with PC optimisation is then carried out within the LTE‐Advanced uplink framework in urban and suburban scenarios. Comprehensive results show that the proposed schemes achieve significant throughput gains and high system fairness with substantially increased flexibility in resource allocation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial accuracy and performance of a mixed‐order, explicit multi‐stage method for unsteady flows
Authors: Waltz Jacob 
Published: August 2012

SUMMARYWe assess the spatial accuracy and performance of a mixed‐order, explicit multi‐stage method in which an inexpensive low‐order scheme is used for the initial stages, and a more expensive high‐order scheme is used for the final stage only. Compared with the use of a high‐order scheme for all stages, we observe that the mixed‐order scheme achieves comparable accuracy and convergence while providing a speed‐up of a factor of two on mesh sizes of O(106 − 107) tetrahedron. For calculations with significant adaptive mesh refinement, a more modest speed‐up of 30% is obtained. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Astrocytes as a regulated source of retinoic acid for the brain
Authors: Shearer Kirsty D. , Fragoso Yara D. , Clagett‐Dame Margaret , McCaffery Peter J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRetinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH) catalyze the synthesis of the regulatory factor retinoic acid (RA). Cultured astrocytes express several of the RALDH enzyme family, and it has been assumed that this can be extrapolated to astrocytes in vivo. However, this study finds that few astrocytes in the rodent brain express detectable RALDH enzymes, and only when these cells are grown in culture are these enzymes upregulated. Factors controlling the expression of the RALDHs in cultured astrocytes were explored to determine possible reasons for differences between in vitro versus in vivo expression. Retinoids were found to feedback to suppress several of the RALDHs, and physiological levels of retinoids may be one route by which astrocytic RALDHs are maintained at low levels. In the case of RALDH2, in vivo reduction of vitamin A levels in rats resulted in an increase in astrocyte RALDH2 expression in the hippocampus. Other factors though are likely to control RALDH expression. A shift in astrocytic RALDH subcellular localization is a potential mechanism for regulating RA signaling. Under conditions of vitamin A deficiency, RALDH2 protein moved from the cytoplasm to the nucleus where it may synthesize RA at the site of the nuclear RA receptors. Similarly, in conditions of oxidative stress RALDH1 and RALDH2 moved from the cytoplasm to a predominantly nuclear position. Thus, the RALDHs have been revealed to be dynamic in their expression in astrocytes where they may maintain retinoid homeostasis in the brain. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hippocampal neurons inhibit meal onset
Authors: Henderson Yoko O. , Smith Gerard P. , Parent Marise B. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThere is extensive research regarding the neural mechanisms involved in satiety and meal termination; in contrast, there is very limited understanding of how meal onset is regulated. On the basis of several converging lines of evidence, we hypothesized that hippocampal neurons form a memory of a meal and inhibit meal onset during the postprandial period. As a first step, we tested whether reversible inactivation of the hippocampus with muscimol infusions after the end of one meal would accelerate the onset of the next meal. To test this, adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (N = 23) were implanted with a cannula aimed at the right or left dorsal hippocampus and then trained to consume a 32% sucrose solution at a scheduled time daily. On the experimental day, hippocampal neuronal activity was temporarily disrupted during the postprandial period by infusing muscimol (0.5 μg/μl; 1 μl) 5 min after the rats stopped consuming the sucrose solution. Compared to vehicle infusions, muscimol infusions significantly decreased the latency to start the postinfusion meal and increased the size of the postinfusion meal. In addition, muscimol disrupted the relationship between the size of a meal and length of the following postprandial period. These effects of muscimol on meal onset were not due to an effect on the speed of consumption. Collectively, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that hippocampal neurons suppress meal initiation during the postprandial period. Given that overeating can impair hippocampal function, these findings suggest that impaired hippocampal functioning is a cause and consequence of overeating and obesity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Data assimilation methods for estimating a heterogeneous conductivity field by assimilating transient solute transport data via ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Tong Juxiu , Hu Bill X. , Yang Jinzhong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAn ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is developed to identify a hydraulic conductivity distribution in a heterogeneous medium by assimilating solute concentration measurements of solute transport in the field with a steady‐state flow. A synthetic case with the mixed Neumann/Dirichlet boundary conditions is designed to investigate the capacity of the data assimilation methods to identify a conductivity distribution. The developed method is demonstrated in 2‐D transient solute transport with two different initial instant solute injection areas. The influences of the observation error and model error on the updated results are considered in this study. The study results indicate that the EnKF method will significantly improve the estimation of the hydraulic conductivity field by assimilating solute concentration measurements. The larger area of the initial distribution and the more observed data obtained, the better the calculation results. When the standard deviation of the observation error varies from 1% to 30% of the solute concentration measurements, the simulated results by the data assimilation method do not change much, which indicates that assimilation results are not very sensitive to the standard deviation of the observation error in this study. When the inflation factor is more than 1.0 to enlarge the model error by increasing the forecast error covariance matrix, the updated results of the hydraulic conductivity by the data assimilation method are not good at all. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An improved hemispherical photography model for stream surface shortwave radiation estimations in a central U.S. hardwood forest
Authors: Bulliner Edward , Hubbart Jason A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHemispherical photographs of forest canopies can be used to develop sophisticated models that predict incident below canopy shortwave radiation on the surface of interest (i.e. soil and water). Hemispherical photographs were collected on eight dates over the course of a growing season to estimate leaf area index and to quantify solar radiation incident on the surface of two stream reaches based on output from Gap Light Analyser and Hemisfer software. Stream reaches were shaded by a mixed‐deciduous Ozark border forested riparian canopy. Hemispherical photo model results were compared to observed solar radiation sensed at climate stations adjacent to each stream reach for the entire 2010 water year. Modeled stream‐incident shortwave radiation was validated with above‐stream pyranometers for the month of September. On average, the best hemispherical photo models underestimated daily averages of solar radiation by approximately 14% and 12% for E–W and N–S flowing stream reaches, respectively (44.7 W/m2measuredvs38.4 W/m2modeled E–W, 46.8 W/m2vs. 41.1 W/m2N–S). The best hemispherical photo models overestimated solar radiation relative to in–Stream pyranometers placed in the center of each stream reach by approximately 7% and 17% for E–W and N–S stream reaches respectively (31.3 W/m2measuredvs33.5 W/m2modeled E–W, 31.5 W/m2vs. 37.1 W/m2N–S). The model provides a geographically transferable means for quantifying changes in the solar radiation regime at a stream surface due to changes in canopy density through a growing season, thus providing a relatively simple method for estimating surface and water heating in canopy altered environments (e.g. forest harvest).Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating microRNAs in plasma as early detection markers for breast cancer
Authors: Cuk Katarina , Zucknick Manuela , Heil Jörg , Madhavan Dharanija , Schott Sarah , Turchinovich Andrey , Arlt Dorit , Rath Michelle , Sohn Christof , Benner Axel , Junkermann Hans , Schneeweiss Andreas , Burwinkel Barbara 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn recent years, circulating miRNAs have attracted a great deal of attention as promising novel markers for various diseases. Here, we investigated their potential to serve as minimally invasive, early detection markers for breast cancer in blood plasma. We profiled miRNAs extracted from the plasma of early stage breast cancer patients (taken at the time‐point of diagnosis) and healthy control individuals using TaqMan low‐density arrays (TLDA). Selected candidates identified in the initial screen were further validated in an extended study cohort of 207 individuals including 127 sporadic breast cancer cases and 80 healthy controls via RT‐qPCR. Four miRNAs (miR‐148b, miR‐376c, miR‐409‐3p and miR‐801) were shown to be significantly upregulated in the plasma of breast cancer patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the combination of only three miRNAs (miR‐148b, miR‐409‐3p and miR‐801) had an equal discriminatory power between breast cancer cases and healthy controls as all four miRNAs together (AUC = 0.69). In conclusion, the identified miRNAs might be of potential use in the development of a multimarker blood‐based test to complement and improve early detection of breast cancer. Such a multimarker blood test might for instance provide a prescreening tool, especially for younger women, to facilitate decisions about which individuals to recommend for further diagnostic tests.
Extrarenal perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) respond to mTOR inhibition: Clinical and molecular correlates
Authors: Dickson Mark A. , Schwartz Gary K. , Antonescu Cristina R. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Malinowska Izabela A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPerivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are a group of rare mesenchymal tumors that typically show both melanocytic and smooth muscle cell features. Some types of PEComa are seen at high frequency in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The TSC1 and TSC2 genes are commonly mutated in both TSC‐associated and sporadic PEComas, and mTOR signaling pathway activation is also common in these tumors. Preliminary reports have indicated that the mTOR inhibitors sirolimus and related drugs have activity in some patients with non‐TSC‐associated PEComa. Here, we report on the use of these medications in the treatment of five consecutive patients with extrarenal nonpulmonary PEComas seen at one institution. Three complete responses, one partial response and one case of progression were seen. Molecular studies identified TSC2 aberrations in four of these patients, and TFE3 translocation was excluded in the resistant case. A review of all published cases as well as those reported here indicates that partial or complete response was seen in 6 of 11 PEComas, with 5 of 6 having a complete response. These findings highlight the consistent though incomplete activity of mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of PEComas.
Immunomodulatory effects of low dose chemotherapy and perspectives of its combination with immunotherapy
Authors: Nars Mariana S. , Kaneno Ramon 
Published: August 2012

AbstractGiven that cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide, many efforts have been directed toward discovering new treatments and approaches to cure or control this group of diseases. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for cancer; however, a conventional schedule based on maximum tolerated dose (MTD) shows several side effects and frequently allows the development of drug resistance. On the other side, low dose chemotherapy involves antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory processes that help host to fight against tumor cells, with lower grade of side effects. In this review, we present evidence that metronomic chemotherapy, based on the frequent administration of low or intermediate doses of chemotherapeutics, can be better than or as efficient as MTD. Finally, we present some data indicating that noncytotoxic concentrations of antineoplastic agents are able to both up‐regulate the immune system and increase the susceptibility of tumor cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Taken together, data from the literature provides us with sufficient evidence that low concentrations of selected chemotherapeutic agents, rather than conventional high doses, should be evaluated in combination with immunotherapy.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes and esophageal cancer: A population‐based case–control study in China
Authors: Wu Ming , Chang Shen‐Chih , Kampman Ellen , Yang Jie , Wang Xu‐Shan , Gu Xiao‐Ping , Han Ren‐Qiang , Liu Ai‐Min , Wallar Gina , Zhou Jin‐Yi , Kok Frans J. , Zhao Jin‐Kou , Zhang Zuo‐Feng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAlcohol drinking is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer (EC) and the metabolism of ethanol has been suggested to play an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies, including genomewide association studies (GWAS), have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) to be associated with EC. Using a population‐based case–control study with 858 EC cases and 1,081 controls conducted in Jiangsu Province, China, we aimed to provide further information on the association of ADH1B (rs1229984), ADH1C (rs698) and ALDH2 (rs671) polymorphisms with EC in a Chinese population. Results showed that ADH1B (rs1229984) was associated with EC with odds ratios (ORs) of 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.66] for G‐allele carriers compared to A/A homozygotes. No heterogeneity was detected on this association across different strata of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking. Statistical interaction between ALDH2 (rs671) and alcohol drinking on EC susceptibility in both additive and multiplicative scales was observed. Compared to G/G homozygotes, A‐allele carriers were positively associated with EC among moderate/heavy drinkers (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.12–2.40) and inversely associated with EC among never/light drinks (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.54–1.03). In addition, statistical interaction between ALDH2 and ADH1B polymorphisms on EC susceptibility among never/light drinkers was indicated. We did not observe association of ADH1C polymorphism with EC. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ADH1B (rs1229984) was associated with EC independent of alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking status and alcohol drinking interacted with ALDH2 (rs671) on EC susceptibility in this high‐risk Chinese population.
SAVING TIME IN SPRINKLER IRRIGATION APPLICATION THROUGH CYCLIC OPERATION: A THEORETICAL APPROACH
Authors: Dadhich Sushmita M. , Singh Rajesh Pratap , Mahar P.S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper describes a mathematical approach for time saving by using a variable application rate of water compared to a constant application rate in a sprinkler irrigation system. A mathematical equation was developed for a variable application rate based on the infiltration rate of soil and the water application rate of sprinklers. To apply a given depth of water, the time saving was calculated by on–off cycles of sprinklers through variable application rate over constant application rate of water. A commonly available sprinkler model was selected for this study. The time saving achieved using the variable application rate was calculated and compared to apply to a 10 cm depth of water. The maximum time saving was achieved at the highest operating pressures recommended by the manufacturer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the biodegradability, mechanical behavior, and cytocompatibility of amorphous Mg72Zn23Ca5 and crystalline Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2 alloys as temporary implant materials
Authors: Pellicer E. , González S. , Blanquer A. , Suriñach S. , Baró M.D. , Barrios L. , Ibáñez E. , Nogués C. , Sort J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of almost fully amorphous Mg72Zn23Ca5 and crystalline Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2 alloys during immersion in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), as well as their cytocompatibility, are investigated in order to assess the feasibility of both materials as biodegradable implants. Though the crystalline Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2 sample shows lower wettability and more positive corrosion potential, this sample degrades much faster upon incubation in HBSS as a consequence of the formation of micro‐galvanic couples between the nobler Pd‐rich dendrites and the surrounding phases. After 22‐h immersion, the concentration of Mg ions in the HBSS medium containing the Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2 sample is six times larger than for Mg72Zn23Ca5. Due to the Zn enrichment and the incipient porosity, the mechanical properties of the Mg72Zn23Ca5 sample improve within the first stages of biodegradation (i.e., hardness increases while the Young's modulus decreases, thus rendering an enhanced wear resistance). Cytocompatibility studies reveal that neither Mg72Zn23Ca5 nor Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2 are cytotoxic, although preosteoblast cell adhesion is to some extent precluded, particularly onto the surface of Mg70Zn23Ca5Pd2, because of the relatively high hydrophobicity. Because of their outstanding properties and their time‐evolution, the use of the Pd‐free alloy in temporary implants such as screws, stents, and sutures is envisioned. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Enhanced osteogenesis by collagen‐binding peptide from bone sialoprotein in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Choi Yoon Jung , Lee Jue Yeon , Chung Chong‐Pyoung , Park Yoon Jeong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBone sialoprotein (BSP) is a mineralized, tissue‐specific, and noncollagenous protein. The binding of BSP to collagen is thought to be important for the initiation of bone mineralization and formation. In this study, we elucidated the osteogenic efficiency of the collagen‐binding (CB) peptide derived from BSP in vitro and in vivo. The CB peptide increased osteoblastic differentiation marker gene and protein expression without affecting cell proliferation. The osteoblastic differentiation by the CB peptide is performed by the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and protein kinase B (Akt). Notably, the activation of CB peptide‐induced osteogenic differentiation was completely blocked to the basal level by the specific inhibitors for ERK1/2 (U0126) and Akt (LY294002). In vivo results further demonstrated that the CB peptide‐coated hydroxyapatite scaffold was able to induce bone formation in the bone defect. Taken together, the CB peptide can be developed as an osteoblastic differentiation agent as well as a fusion biomaterial for bone regeneration therapy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Encapsulation of contrast imaging agents by polypropyleneimine‐based dendrimers
Authors: Balieu S. , Cadiou C. , Martinez A. , Nuzillard J.‐M. , Oudart J.‐B. , Maquart F.‐X. , Chuburu F. , Bouquillon S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPolypropyleneimines (PPIs) functionalized by glycerol‐based entities are prepared and characterized by diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy NMR. Showing low cytotoxicity against MRC5 fibroblasts, their encapsulation capacities of gadolinium complexes was evaluated. T1 measurements were performed to determine the relaxivity of the encapsulated gadopentetate dimeglumine (GdBOPTA) in dendrimers of fourth and fifth generation (GD‐PPI‐4 and GD‐PPI‐5). Comparison of the GdBOPTA relaxivity and the relaxivity of GdBOPTA‐loaded dendrimers showed a slight increase of the gadolinium chelate relaxivity. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 613–621, 2013.
Cytotoxic and genotoxic characterization of titanium dioxide, gadolinium oxide, and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles in human fibroblasts
Authors: Setyawati Magdiel Inggrid , Khoo Pheng Kian Stella , Eng Bao Hui , Xiong Sijing , Zhao Xinxin , Das Gautom Kumar , Tan Timothy Thatt‐Yang , Loo Joachim Say Chye , Leong David Tai , Ng Kee Woei 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEngineered nanomaterials have become prevalent in our everyday life. While the popularity of using nanomaterials in consumer products continues to rise, increasing awareness of nanotoxicology has also fuelled efforts to accelerate our understanding of the ill effects that different nanomaterials can bring to biological systems. In this study, we investigated the potential cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three nanoparticles: titanium dioxide (TiO2), terbium‐doped gadolinium oxide (Tb‐Gd2O3), and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA). To evaluate nanoparticle‐induced genotoxicity more realistically, a human skin fibroblast cell line (BJ) with less mutated genotype compared with cancer cell line was used. The nanoparticles were first characterized by size, morphology, and surface charge. Cytotoxicity effects of the nanoparticles were then evaluated by monitoring the proliferation of treated BJ cells. Genotoxic influence was ascertained by profiling DNA damage via detection of γH2AX expression. Our results suggested that both TiO2 and Tb‐Gd2O3 nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity in a dose dependent way on BJ cells. These two nanomaterials also promoted genotoxicity via DNA damage. On the contrary, PLGA nanoparticles did not induce significant cytotoxic or genotoxic effects on BJ cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 2013:101A:633–640.