bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Bayesian Mixed Data Models for Austrian SILC data
Authors: Wagner Helga , Tüchler Regina 
Published: May 2015

In many applications multidimensional outcome variables measured on different scales are of interest. In this paper we consider regression modelling of a bivariate response with a normal and a binary component. We use three different approaches to model dependence: a joint logit-normal model for the two responses, a factorization model with linear dependence and a a factorization model with flexible non-linear dependence. We apply these approaches to Austrian SILC data to analyse material deprivation and household income.
Performance-Based Compensation and Firm Value—Experimental Evidence
Authors: Pfeiffer Glenn M. , Shields Timothy W. 
Published: May 2015

SYNOPSIS
We study equity price reactions to compensation contracting in experimental markets. Motivated by research reporting positive price reactions to adoption of performance-based compensation plans for executive managers, but postulating competing reasons as to why, we design an experiment that allows us to manipulate variables separately to examine the effect of adverse selection and moral hazard on equity prices. We find that managers select contracts based on their private information, sometimes differing from predicted choices, and that private information is conveyed to the market by the choice of compensation contract and is reflected in stock prices. We refer to this as the sorting effect. Additionally, we find that managers do not always exert costly effort in spite of favorable incentives to do so. The design also allows us to assess if the market rationally prices managers' actual choices. We find market prices are consistent with the empirically observed manager choices. Our results imply that to properly assess the impact of compensation plan on market prices, the sorting, as well as the incentive effects of compensation contracts, should be considered, and that the market anticipates errors in managers' choices.
JEL Classifications: C92; D82; G12; J33; M52.
Data Availability: Available upon request.
Effects of preoperative administration of hypertonic saline or pentastarch solution on hematologic variables and long-term survival of surgically managed horses with colic
Authors: Dugdale Alexandra H. A. , Barron Kirsty E. , Miller Andrew J. , Proudman Christopher J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective—To compare the effects of preoperatively administered pentastarch (10% concentration in isotonic saline [0.9% NaCl] solution) and hypertonic saline (7.2% NaCl) solutions on PCV and circulating total protein (TP) concentration in horses with colic undergoing emergency exploratory laparotomy and to assess survival rates of horses that received each treatment.
Design—Prospective, randomized study.
Animals—100 horses with signs of abdominal pain and PCV ≥ 0.46 L/L.
Procedures—Horses received a 4 mL/kg (1.8 mL/lb) dose of pentastarch solution (n = 50) or hypertonic saline solution (50) over a 10- to 20-minute period before anesthetic induction. Blood samples were collected at the time of evaluation and ≤ 5 minutes after fluid resuscitation; changes in PCV and TP concentration were compared. Survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses.
Results—Age, weight, sex, PCV, and heart rate on initial examination were similar between treatment groups. Hypertonic saline solution treatment resulted in a significantly greater reduction in PCV (median change, −0.14 L/L) than did pentastarch treatment (median change, −0.07 L/L). Reduction in TP concentration was also significantly greater after hypertonic saline solution treatment (median change, −16 g/L) than after pentastarch treatment (median change, −2 g/L). Long-term survival was not significantly different between groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite a greater reduction in preanesthetic hemoconcentration following administration of hypertonic saline solution (4 mL/kg infusion, once), no difference in overall long-term survival was found between horses that received this treatment and those that received an equal volume of pentastarch solution. Findings suggested that, in a clinical setting, either of these fluids would be appropriate for preoperative fluid resuscitation in horses with colic.
Evaluation of a handheld device for measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate concentration to identify prepartum dairy cattle at risk of developing postpartum hyperketonemia
Authors: Tatone Elise H. , Gordon Jessica L. , LeBlanc Stephen J. , Duffield Todd F. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of a handheld device for measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration to identify prepartum dairy cattle at risk of developing hyperketonemia during the first week after parturition.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—210 prepartum dairy cows from 6 herds.
Procedures—A blood sample was collected from each cow 3 to 9 days before its expected calving date. β-Hydroxybutyrate concentration was immediately measured with a handheld device. Serum was harvested from the remaining sample and submitted to a laboratory for measurement of BHBA and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. β-Hydroxybutyrate concentration determined with the handheld device was compared with that determined by laboratory methods. The association between prepartum BHBA concentration and the development of hyperketonemia (BHBA concentration, ≥ 1.2 mmol/L) during the first week after parturition was determined. The agreement between prepartum BHBA and NEFA concentrations for identification of cows at risk of developing postpartum hyperketonemia was evaluated.
Results—β-Hydroxybutyrate concentration determined by the handheld device was moderately correlated with that determined by laboratory methods. Cows with a prepartum BHBA concentration ≥ 0.6 mmol/L were 2.2 times as likely to develop hyperketonemia within 1 week after parturition as were cows with a prepartum BHBA concentration < 0.6 mmol/L. There was substantial agreement between prepartum BHBA and NEFA concentrations for identification of cows at risk of developing postpartum hyperketonemia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated the handheld device was a valid tool for measurement of BHBA concentration in prepartum dairy cattle, and measurement of prepartum BHBA concentration may be helpful for identifying cows at risk of developing postpartum hyperketonemia.
Dorsal laminectomy for treatment of cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy in an alpaca
Authors: Barker W. H. J. , Witte T. H. , Driver C. J. , Jull P. , Whitehead C. E. , Volk H. A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Case Description—An 11-year-old male breeding alpaca was evaluated for a 2-day history of lowered head carriage and lethargy.
Clinical Findings—On initial examination, the alpaca had signs of lethargy and lowered carriage of the head and neck, but no specific neurologic deficits. Medical management improved the clinical signs, but 8 months later, the alpaca developed acute, progressive general proprioceptive ataxia affecting all 4 limbs and was referred for further evaluation and treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and CT identified disruption of the normal osseous architecture of C7 and T1. Medical management was attempted, but because of a lack of improvement, the patient underwent surgery 14 months after initial examination.
Treatment and Outcome—A dorsal laminectomy of C7 and T1 via a dorsal midline approach was performed, and the spinous processes of both vertebrae were removed prior to removal of the overlying lamina. Free dorsal expansion of the spinal cord was ensured by resection of the ligamentum flavum. Six months after surgery, the alpaca had returned to successful breeding with 7 hembra bred in the first year after surgery, producing 6 crias, and 4 crias in the second year. The patient was eventually euthanized 28 months after surgery because of neurologic deterioration but was still ambulatory at that time.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A good outcome with adequate alleviation of clinical signs and breeding soundness for > 2 years following dorsal laminectomy was achieved in this camelid patient. The surgical approach was similar to that in other species and was associated with mild postoperative morbidity. Veterinarians treating camelids should be aware of the initial clinical signs and treatment options for cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy. In acute cases, the signs of reduced cervical mobility and pain on manipulation should prompt investigation including appropriate diagnostic imaging. Timely surgical intervention should be considered in patients that respond poorly to medical treatment to avoid irreversible spinal cord injury and optimize outcome.
Reduction in adjacent-segment degeneration after multilevel posterior lumbar interbody fusion with proximal DIAM implantation
Authors: Lu Kang , Liliang Po-Chou , Wang Hao-Kuang , Liang Cheng-Loong , Chen Jui-Sheng , Chen Tai-Been , Wang Kuo-Wei , Chen Han-Jung 
Published: May 2015

OBJECTMultilevel long-segment lumbar fusion poses a high risk for future development of adjacent-segment degeneration (ASD). Creating a dynamic transition zone with an interspinous process device (IPD) proximal to the fusion has recently been applied as a method to reduce the occurrence of ASD. The authors report their experience with the Device for Intervertebral Assisted Motion (DIAM) implanted proximal to multilevel posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in reducing the development of proximal ASD.METHODSThis retrospective study reviewed 91 cases involving patients who underwent 2-level (L4–S1), 3-level (L3–S1), or 4-level (L2–S1) PLIF. In Group A (42 cases), the patients received PLIF only, while in Group B (49 cases), an interspinous process device, a DIAM implant, was put at the adjacent level proximal to the PLIF construct. Bone resection at the uppermost segment of the PLIF was equally limited in the 2 groups, with preservation of the upper portion of the spinous process/lamina and the attached supraspinous ligament. Outcome measures included a visual analog scale (VAS) for low-back pain and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) for functional impairment. Anteroposterior and lateral flexion/extension radiographs were used to evaluate the fusion status, presence and patterns of ASD, and mobility of the DIAM-implanted segment.RESULTSSolid interbody fusion without implant failure was observed in all cases. Radiographic ASD occurred in 20 (48%) of Group A cases and 3 (6%) of Group B cases (p < 0.001). Among the patients in whom ASD was identified, 9 in Group A and 3 in Group B were symptomatic; of these patients, 3 in Group A and 1 in Group B underwent a second surgery for severe symptomatic ASD. At 24 months after surgery, Group A patients fared worse than Group B, showing higher mean VAS and ODI scores due to symptoms related to ASD. At the final follow-up evaluations, as reoperations had been performed to treat symptomatic ASD in some patients, significant differences no longer existed between the 2 groups. In Group B, flexion/extension mobility at the DIAM-implanted segment was maintained in 35 patients and restricted or lost in 14 patients, 5 of whom had already lost segmental flexion/extension mobility before surgery. No patient in Group B developed ASD at the segment proximal to the DIAM implant.CONCLUSIONSProviding a dynamic transition zone with a DIAM implant placed immediately proximal to a multilevel PLIF construct was associated with a significant reduction in the occurrence of radiographic ASD, compared with PLIF alone. Given the relatively old age and more advanced degeneration in patients undergoing multilevel PLIF, this strategy appears to be effective in lowering the risk of clinical ASD and a second surgery subsequent to PLIF.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cerium (IV) Oxide and Doped Cerium (IV) Oxide, Ce<sub>1-x-y</sub>Mg<sub>x</sub>Zr<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2-?</sub>
Authors: Debnath T. , Tashmim L. , Ruscher C. H. , Hussain A. 
Published: May 2015

Nanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxide is a technologically important material due to its high oxygen storage capacity, oxygen ionic conductivity and thermal stability. In this paper we report preparation of nanocrystalline CeO2 using glycerin nitrate method, where the precursor obtained from the mixture of cerium nitrate and glycerin were calcined at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 800°C in steps of 100°C in a muffle furnace. Attempts were also made to prepare nanocrystalline cerium (IV) oxide doped with both Mg and Zr using the same method. The calcined specimens were characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM/EDX analyses. The influence of the calcination temperature on the cubic phase formation and its consequent effect on the crystallite size of the prepared CeO2 were studied and interpreted. The crystallite sizes calculated from XRD data using Scherrer formula reveal that the phases are nanocrystals, which was further supported by SEM photograph. The apparent activation energy for crystalline coarsening is found to be very low (26.8 kJmol-1) for this precursor compared to reported data. XRD data and also EDX analysis shows that both Mg and Zr could also be doped in CeO2 upto a certain composition, Ce1-x-yMgxZryO2-?(x = 0.05, y = 0.05).
Near-infrared Fluorescence Optical Imaging in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography
Authors: Krohn Michaela , Ohrndorf Sarah , Werner Stephanie G. , Schicke Bernd , Burmester Gerd-Rüdiger , Hamm Bernd , Backhaus Marina , Hermann Kay-Geert A. 
Published: May 2015

Objective.Near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) is a novel imaging technology in the detection and evaluation of different arthritides. FOI was validated in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), greyscale ultrasonography (GSUS), and power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Hands of 31 patients with early RA were examined by FOI, MRI, and US. In each modality, synovitis of the wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) 2–5, and proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) 2–5 were scored on a 4-point scale (0–3). Sensitivity and specificity of FOI were analyzed in comparison to MRI and US as reference methods, differentiating between 3 phases of FOI enhancement (P1–3). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to evaluate the agreement of FOI with MRI and US.Results.A total of 279 joints (31 wrists, 124 MCP and 124 PIP joints) were evaluated. With MRI as the reference method, overall sensitivity/specificity of FOI was 0.81/0.00, 0.49/0.84, and 0.86/0.38 for wrist, MCP, and PIP joints, respectively. Under application of PDUS as reference, sensitivity was even higher, while specificity turned out to be low, except for MCP joints (0.88/0.15, 0.81/0.76, and 1.00/0.27, respectively). P2 appears to be the most sensitive FOI phase, while P1 showed the highest specificity. The best agreement of FOI was shown for PDUS, especially with regard to MCP and PIP joints (ICC of 0.57 and 0.53, respectively), while correlation with MRI was slightly lower.Conclusion.FOI remains an interesting diagnostic tool for patients with early RA, although this study revealed limitations concerning the detection of synovitis. Further research is needed to evaluate its full diagnostic potential in rheumatic diseases.
Negotiating Transitions: Involvement of Critical Care Outreach Teams in End-of-Life Decision Making
Authors: Pattison Natalie , O’Gara Geraldine , Wigmore Timothy 
Published: May 2015

Background
Little research has examined the involvement of critical care outreach teams in end-of-life decision making.

Objective
To establish how much time critical care outreach teams spend with patients who are subsequently subject to limitation of medical treatment and end-of-life decisions and how much influence the teams have on those decisions.

Methods
A single-center retrospective review, with qualitative analysis, in a large cancer center. Data from all patients referred emergently for critical care outreach from October 2010 to October 2011 who later had limitation of medical treatment or end-of-life care were retrieved. Findings were analyzed by using SPSS 19 and qualitative free-text analysis.

Results
Of 890 patients referred for critical care outreach from October 2010 to October 2011, 377 were referred as an emergency; 108 of those had limitation of medical treatment and were included in the review. Thirty-five patients (32.4%) died while hospitalized. As a result of outreach intervention and a decision to limit medical treatment, 56 (51.9%) of the 108 patients received a formal end-of-life care plan (including care pathways, referral to palliative care team, hospice). About a fifth (21.5%) of clinical contact time is being spent on patients who subsequently are subject to limitation of medical treatment. Qualitative document analysis showed 5 emerging themes: difficulty of discussions about not attempting cardiopulmonary resuscitation, complexities in coordinating multiple teams, delays in referral and decision making, decision reversals and opaque decision making, and technical versus ethical imperatives.

Conclusion
A considerable amount of time is being spent on these emergency referrals, and decisions to limit medical treatment are common. The appropriateness of escalation of levels of care is often not questioned until patients become critically or acutely unwell, and outreach teams subsequently intervene.
Betti Numbers and Flat Dimensions of Local Cohomology Modules
Authors: Vahidi Alireza 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAssume that R is a commutative Noetherian ring with non-zero identity, 𝔞 is an ideal of R, and X is an R-module. In this paper, we first study the finiteness of Betti numbers of local cohomology modules . Then we give some inequalities between the Betti numbers of X and those of its local cohomology modules. Finally, we present many upper bounds for the flat dimension of X in terms of the flat dimensions of its local cohomology modules and an upper bound for the flat dimension of in terms of the flat dimensions of the modules , and that of X.
Solubility Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealing Materials
Authors: Bayram Emre , Dalat Dilek , Bayram Melike 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
To evaluate the solubility of five different root canal sealers (AH Plus Jet, RealSeal SE, MTA Fillapex, Tubli-Seal, and Acroseal) in chloroform, eucalyptol and Endosolv-E solvents.

Materials and methods
Ninety root canal sealer samples were prepared and then divided into three groups for immersion in a solvent for 2, 5 or 10 minutes. The mean values of the root canal sealers’ dissolution in the solvents were obtained by the difference between the preimmersion original weight and the post-immersion weight on a digital analytical scale. Data were statistically analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction.

Results
Chloroform was a more effective solvent than eucalyptol or Endosolv E for all root canal sealers, except for RealSeal SE, at all time points (p < 0.003). RealSeal SE was the least soluble sealer in all solvents at all time points.

Conclusion
Chloroform demonstrated a superior ability over other solvents in dissolving canal sealing materials, and eucalyptol was found to be the least effective solvent in this study.

Clinical significance
This study can help to the clinicians about which solvent should be preferred for solving the filling materials in retreatment cases.

How to cite this article
Bayram E, Dalat D, Bayram M. Solubility Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealing Materials. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(2):96-100.
On the Irreducibility of Artin's Group of Graphs
Authors: M. Dally Malak , Abdulrahim Mohammad N. 
Published: May 2015

We consider the graph $E_{3,1}$ with three generators $\sigma_1, \sigma_2, \delta$, where $\sigma_1$ has an edge with each of $\;\sigma_2$ and $\;\delta$. We then define the Artin group of the graph $E_{3,1}$ and consider its reduced Perron representation of degree three. After we specialize the indeterminates used in defining the representation to non-zero complex numbers, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition that guarantees the irreducibility of the representation.<br />
Sociodemographic, clinic and health characterization of people with venous ulcers attended at the family health strategy
Authors: Torres Sandra Maria de oliveira , Monteiro Vera Grácia Neumann , Salvetti Marina de Góes , Melo Gabriela de Sousa Martins , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos , Maia Eulália Maria Chaves 
Published: May 2015

Objetivo: caracterizar os aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde e assistenciais das pessoas com úlceras venosas atendidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em Maceió-Alagoas. Método: pesquisa transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em 36 unidades da ESF com 59 pessoas com úlceras venosas por meio de formulário estruturado. Resultados: as pessoas com úlceras venosas estavam em tratamento > 1 ano (69,5%), eram do sexo feminino (71,2%) e ≥ 60 anos (67,8%). A maioria era não tabagista e não alcoolista, e 100,00% tinham dois ou mais fatores de risco e antecedentes pessoais patológicos, cada. Possuía tempo de lesão > 6 meses (64,4%), dor na úlcera/membro (86,4%) e leito com ≤ 30% de granulação/epitelização (78,0%). Conclusões: as pessoas com úlcera venosa apresentavam: baixo nível socioeconômico, doenças crônicas e características da lesão desfavoráveis contribuindo para cronicidade das lesões.