bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Opportunities and responsibilities”: how do pharmacists assess their professionalism?
Authors: Araújo-Neto Fernando de Castro , Dosea Aline Santana , Tavares Thaís Maria Araújo , Santos Douglas de Menezes , Mesquita Alessandra Rezende , de Araújo Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto , de Lyra-Jr Divaldo Pereira 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Professionalism is fundamental to the existence of professions. In pharmacy, interest in this theme improved with events that examined the resocialization of pharmacists in care. With this, evaluating professionalism can help the operationalization of the theme and, consequently, the development of strategies for pharmacy consolidation before its challenges. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the professionalism of Brazilian pharmacists.

Methods
To meet the objective, a cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and August 2023. Data were collected using the Brazilian version of the “Modification of Hall’s Professionalism Scale for Use with Pharmacists”. The scale has 39 items grouped into the domains: autonomy, vocation, professional council, self-regulation, continuing education, and altruism. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an ANOVA analysis of variance with post-hoc Hochberg or Games-Howell tests with Bootstrapping was conducted to verify differences between groups.

Results
600 pharmacists participated in this study. The majority (69%) was female and carried out their professional activities in community pharmacies (50%). Professionalism scores ranged between 14 and 29 points, with an average of 22.8 points. Pharmacists working in outpatient clinics had higher scores in most factors, namely, altruism, continuing education, professional council, vocation, and autonomy. This indicates that the inclination of pharmacists to occupy areas focused on care can be significant to assess professionalism.

Conclusions
The data obtained indicate that pharmacists working in outpatient clinics had higher professionalism scores compared to others. This corroborates the worldwide trend experienced by pharmacy in recent decades, which is the execution of increasingly patient-centered practice models.
Navigating challenges and opportunities: perspectives on digital service development in substance use disorder treatment
Authors: Kosonen Janika , Shorter Gillian W. , Kuusisto Katja 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Some people with substance use disorders (SUD) can experience multiple co-occurring social problems. Digital solutions have been developed to support effective and cost-effective social welfare and healthcare in addictions treatment. Given the varying severity of problems from alcohol and other drug use, digital service tools can save money and provide tailored care.

Objective
In this study we aimed to understand the perspectives of those who develop digital service tools on people with SUD and treatment encounters. As a case, we interviewed those who have been involved in the development of a digital client segmentation tool The Navigator.

Methods
Ten (N = 10) semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals involved in digital client segmentation tool development and were analysed with inductive content analysis. Participants were asked about the development of the Navigator from the perspectives of their own role as developers, the clients, the effectiveness of the services, and decision-making processes.

Findings
Some people with SUD may face several obstacles when using digital services. Digital divide, feared or experienced stigma and biased attitudes, complex life situations, and difficulties in committing to treatment were identified as challenges. Nevertheless, digital solutions can offer the clients alternative ways of using the services that can better meet their individual needs. The anonymity and facelessness of digital solutions can reduce the fear of immediate judgement. Implementing digital solutions in substance use work poses challenges due to chronic staff shortages. Digitalisation often results in the creation of multiple simultaneously managed channels, potentially reducing time-consumption but increasing the perceived workload. There is a call for multi-professionalism, acknowledging inequalities between various disciplines within the field.
Evolution of continuing medical education in radiology: on-site vs remote
Authors: Adriaensen M. , Ricci P. , Prosch H. , Rupreht M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To assess the evolution of continuing medical education/continuous professional development (CME/CPD) in European Radiology with a particular focus on on-site (live educational events, LEE) vs remote (electronic learning materials, ELM) participation and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Results related to CME/CPD of surveys conducted by the Accreditation Council of Imaging (ACI) between 2017 and 2020 are summarized. Additional insights from the survey conducted in spring 2023, exploring online education trends since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, are presented. Finally, the results of the surveys are correlated with the total number of CME/CPD applications received annually from 2018 to 2022.

Results
Pre-pandemic, 90% of European radiologists supported mandatory CME and unified CME/CPD-system. A trend among younger radiologists towards ELM was observed. Only 20% of employers fully endorsed CME/CPD. In 2020, LEE attendance dropped significantly (95.5–33%), with a simultaneous surge (33–58%) in time spent on ELM. Post-pandemic, the majority (52%) of LEE attendees participated in 1–5 events, whereas the majority (38%) of attendees of live-streamed events participated in 6–20 meetings. Content remains a priority of respondents in all formats: 79% for online, 75% for on-site, and 74% for on-demand. While the assessed quality of LEE remained at the same level (no change (36%) or good/very good (48%)), a considerably higher percentage of respondents noticed the quality of live-streamed events was good/very good (83%).

Conclusion
The majority of European radiologists support mandatory CME and a unified CME/CPD system. Despite the post-pandemic resurgence in LEE, ELM and hybrid events are predicted to gain further prominence.

Critical relevance statement
The CME/CPD system dynamically adapts to evolving professional, technical, and environmental circumstances, with human interaction gaining heightened significance post-COVID-19.

Key Points

Professionals expressed a desire to return to on-site participation, highlighting its desirability for social interaction.

Electronic learning materials are poised for continued growth, particularly among younger generations.

Professionals expressed a desire towards a unified CME/CPD system in Europe.

Graphical Abstract
Myocardial hypertrophy: the differentiation of uremic, hypertensive, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies by cardiac MRI
Authors: Tian Zhaoxin , Jin Shiqi , Huo Huaibi , Zheng Yue , Li Yue , Liu Hui , Geng Zhaodi , Liu Shutong , Li Shinuo , Liu Zequn , Wang Xinru , Liu Ting 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To apply cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for detailed myocardial characterization in uremic cardiomyopathy (UC), hypertensive cardiomyopathy (HTN), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) aiming to enrich the understanding of UC’s etiology and further support the development of therapeutic strategies.

Methods
A total of 152 patients (age: 49.2 ± 9.9 years; 65.8% male) underwent routine CMR from June 2016 to March 2023. Retrospectively, 53 patients with UC, 39 patients with HTN, 30 patients with HCM, and 30 healthy controls were included. Functional analysis, feature tracking of the left ventricle and left atrium, and myocardial T1, T2, and T2* mapping were performed. Statistical analysis included Pearson correlation and ROC analysis to define correlations and discriminators between groups.

Results
UC patients demonstrated significantly higher native T1 (p < 0.001 for all) and T2 (p < 0.002 for all) values compared with the other three groups. UC patients revealed higher left atrial reservoir strain rate (p < 0.001 for all) and left atrial conduit strain rate (p < 0.001 for all) absolute values as compared with HTN and HCM patients. A significant correlation between T1 and T2 values in UC patients (r = 0.511, p < 0.001) was found. The combination of T1 values and strain parameters was the best discriminator between UC and HTN patients (AUC = 0.872, 95% CI: 0.801–0.943) and between UC and HCM patients (AUC = 0.840, 95% CI: 0.746–0.934).

Conclusion
UC reveals distinguishing tissue characteristics as evidenced by T1 and T2 mapping, as well as distinguishing functional strain parameters as compared with other hypertrophic phenotypes such as HTN and HCM.

Critical relevance statement
The use of CMR imaging in UC patients offers incremental information to elucidate its complex etiology, contributing to ongoing discourse on effective treatment pathways.

Key Points

This study investigated uremic, hypertensive, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies using cardiac MRI.

UC patients have higher T1 and T2 values and better preserved cardiac function.

Combined strain and T1 values distinguish UC from other cardiomyopathies.

Graphical Abstract
Differentiating lung neuroendocrine neoplasms from tumor-like infection using CT in patients with ectopic ACTH syndrome
Authors: Song Lan , Miao Hui , Zhu Zhenchen , Zhu Huijuan , Wang Jinhua , Xing Xiaoping , Zhu Zhaohui , Jiang Yuanyuan , Feng Ruie , Xiao Yu , Duan Lian , Sui Xin , Liu Qingxing , Wang Linjie , Chen Shi , Song Wei , Jin Zhengyu , Lu Lin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are the most frequent cause of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS); lung infection is common in EAS. An imaging finding of infection in EAS patients can mimic NENs. This retrospective study investigated EAS-associated pulmonary imaging indicators.

Methods
Forty-five pulmonary NENs and 27 tumor-like infections from 59 EAS patients (45 NEN and 14 infection patients) were included. Clinical manifestations, CT features, 18F-FDG, or 68Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT images and pathological results were collected.

Results
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p < 0.001) and expectoration occurrence (p = 0.04) were higher, and finger oxygen saturation (p = 0.01) was lower in the infection group than the NENs group. Higher-grade NENs were underrepresented in our cohort. Pulmonary NENs were solitary primary tumors, 80% of which were peripheral tumors. Overlying vessel sign and airway involvement were more frequent in the NENs group (p < 0.001). Multifocal (p = 0.001) and peripheral (p = 0.02) lesions, cavity (p < 0.001), spiculation (p = 0.01), pleural retraction (p < 0.001), connection to pulmonary veins (p = 0.02), and distal atelectasis or inflammatory exudation (p = 0.001) were more frequent in the infection group. The median CT value increment between the non-contrast and arterial phases was significantly higher in NENs lesions (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated a moderate predictive ability at 48.3 HU of delta CT value (sensitivity, 95.0%; specificity, 54.1%).

Conclusion
Chest CT scans are valuable for localizing and characterizing pulmonary lesions in rare EAS, thereby enabling prompt differential diagnosis and treatment.

Critical relevance statement
Thin-slice CT images are valuable for the localization and identification of pulmonary ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome lesions, leading to prompt differential diagnosis and effective treatment.

Key Points

Lung tumor-like infections can mimic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) in ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome (EAS) patients.

NENs are solitary lesions, whereas infections are multiple peripheral pseudotumors each with identifying imaging findings.

Typical CT signs aid in localization and creating an appropriate differential diagnosis.

Graphical Abstract
The accuracy and quality of image-based artificial intelligence for muscle-invasive bladder cancer prediction
Authors: He Chunlei , Xu Hui , Yuan Enyu , Ye Lei , Chen Yuntian , Yao Jin , Song Bin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of image-based artificial intelligence (AI) studies in predicting muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). (2) To assess the reporting quality and methodological quality of these studies by Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM), Radiomics Quality Score (RQS), and Prediction model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST).

Materials and methods
We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases up to October 30, 2023. The eligible studies were evaluated using CLAIM, RQS, and PROBAST. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the diagnostic performances of these models for MIBC were also calculated.

Results
Twenty-one studies containing 4256 patients were included, of which 17 studies were employed for the quantitative statistical analysis. The CLAIM study adherence rate ranged from 52.5% to 75%, with a median of 64.1%. The RQS points of each study ranged from 2.78% to 50% points, with a median of 30.56% points. All models were rated as high overall ROB. The pooled area under the curve was 0.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81–0.88) for computed tomography, 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.94) for MRI, 0.89 (95% CI 0.86–0.92) for radiomics and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.93) for deep learning, respectively.

Conclusion
Although AI-powered muscle-invasive bladder cancer-predictive models showed promising performance in the meta-analysis, the reporting quality and the methodological quality were generally low, with a high risk of bias.

Critical relevance statement
Artificial intelligence might improve the management of patients with bladder cancer. Multiple models for muscle-invasive bladder cancer prediction were developed. Quality assessment is needed to promote clinical application.

Key Points

Image-based artificial intelligence models could aid in the identification of muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

Current studies had low reporting quality, low methodological quality, and a high risk of bias.

Future studies could focus on larger sample sizes and more transparent reporting of pathological evaluation, model explanation, and failure and sensitivity analyses.

Graphical Abstract
Implementation of a soft grading system for chemistry in a Moodle plugin: reaction handling
Authors: Plyer Louis , Marcou Gilles , Perves Céline , Bonachera Fanny , Varnek Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHere, we present a new method for evaluating questions on chemical reactions in the context of remote education. This method can be used when binary grading is not sufficient as some tolerance may be acceptable. In order to determine a grade, the developed workflow uses the pairwise similarity assessment of two considered reactions, each encoded by a single molecular graph with the help of the Condensed Graph of Reaction (CGR) approach. This workflow is part of the ChemMoodle project and is implemented as a Moodle Plugin. It uses the Chemdoodle engine for reaction drawing and visualization and communicates with a REST server calculating the similarity score using ISIDA fragment descriptors. The plugin is open-source, accessible in GitHub (https://github.com/Laboratoire-de-Chemoinformatique/moodle-qtype_reacsimilarity) and on the Moodle plugin store (https://moodle.org/plugins/qtype_reacsimilarity?lang=en). Both similarity measures and fragmentation can be configured.Scientific contribution This work introduces an open-source method for evaluating chemical reaction questions within Moodle using the CGR approach. Our contribution provides a nuanced grading mechanism that accommodates acceptable tolerances in reaction assessments, enhancing the accuracy and flexibility of the grading process.
Nutritional and metabolic modulation of inflammation in critically ill patients: a narrative review of rationale, evidence and grey areas
Authors: Rousseau Anne-Françoise , Martindale Robert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Inflammation is the hallmark of critical illness and triggers the neuro-endocrine stress response and an oxidative stress. Acute inflammation is initially essential for patient’s survival. However, ongoing or exaggerated inflammation, due to persistent organ dysfunction, immune dysfunction or poor inflammation resolution, is associated to subsequent hypermetabolism and hypercatabolism that severely impact short and long-term functional status, autonomy, as well as health-related costs. Modulation of inflammation is thus tempting, with the goal to improve the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients.

Findings
Inflammation can be modulated by nutritional strategies (including the timing of enteral nutrition initiation, the provision of some specific macronutrients or micronutrients, the use of probiotics) and metabolic treatments. The most interesting strategies seem to be n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin D, antioxidant micronutrients and propranolol, given their safety, their accessibility for clinical use, and their benefits in clinical studies in the specific context of critical care. However, the optimal doses, timing and route of administration are still unknown for most of them. Furthermore, their use in the recovery phase is not well studied and defined.

Conclusion
The rationale to use strategies of inflammation modulation is obvious, based on critical illness pathophysiology and based on the increasingly described effects of some nutritional and pharmacological strategies. Regretfully, there isn’t always substantial proof from clinical research regarding the positive impacts directly brought about by inflammation modulation. Some arguments come from studies performed in severe burn patients, but such results should be transposed to non-burn patients with caution. Further studies are needed to explore how the modulation of inflammation can improve the long-term outcomes after a critical illness.
On some common fixed point results for two infinite families of uniformly L-Lipschitzian total asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Nuntadilok Buraskorn , Kingkam Pitchaya , Nantadilok Jamnian , Samanmit Khanitin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, we introduce a new class of uniformly L-Lipschitzian and total asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings, which is significantly more general than many known nonexpansive mappings that appeared before. We establish some convergence and Δ-convergence theorems for two infinite families of such mappings in the setting of CAT(κ) spaces. Our results refine, generalize, and improve several corresponding results in the existing literature.
Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of influenza viruses A (H3N2) and B/Victoria during the COVID-19 pandemic in Guangdong, China
Authors: Zeng Zhiqi , Liu Yong , Jin Wenxiang , Liang Jingyi , Chen Jinbin , Chen Ruihan , Li Qianying , Guan Wenda , Liang Lixi , Wu Qiubao , Lai Yuanfang , Deng Xiaoyan , Lin Zhengshi , Hon Chitin , Yang Zifeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-pharmaceutical measures and travel restrictions have halted the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza. Nonetheless, with COVID-19 restrictions lifted, an unanticipated outbreak of the influenza B/Victoria virus in late 2021 and another influenza H3N2 outbreak in mid-2022 occurred in Guangdong, southern China. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. To better prepare for potential influenza outbreaks during COVID-19 pandemic, we studied the molecular epidemiology and phylogenetics of influenza A(H3N2) and B/Victoria that circulated during the COVID-19 pandemic in this region.

Methods
From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, we collected throat swabs from 173,401 patients in Guangdong who had acute respiratory tract infections. Influenza viruses in the samples were tested using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, followed by subtype identification and sequencing of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. Phylogenetic and genetic diversity analyses were performed on both genes from 403 samples. A rigorous molecular clock was aligned with the phylogenetic tree to measure the rate of viral evolution and the root-to-tip distance within strains in different years was assessed using regression curve models to determine the correlation.

Results
During the early period of COVID-19 control, various influenza viruses were nearly undetectable in respiratory specimens. When control measures were relaxed in January 2020, the influenza infection rate peaked at 4.94% (39/789) in December 2021, with the influenza B/Victoria accounting for 87.18% (34/39) of the total influenza cases. Six months later, the influenza infection rate again increased and peaked at 11.34% (255/2248) in June 2022; influenza A/H3N2 accounted for 94.51% (241/255) of the total influenza cases in autumn 2022. The diverse geographic distribution of HA genes of B/Victoria and A/H3N2 had drastically reduced, and most strains originated from China. The rate of B/Victoria HA evolution (3.11 × 10−3, P < 0.05) was 1.7 times faster than before the COVID-19 outbreak (1.80 × 10−3, P < 0.05). Likewise, the H3N2 HA gene’s evolution rate was 7.96 × 10−3 (P < 0.05), which is 2.1 times faster than the strains’ pre-COVID-19 evolution rate (3.81 × 10−3, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Despite the extraordinarily low detection rate of influenza infection, concealed influenza transmission may occur between individuals during strict COVID-19 control. This ultimately leads to the accumulation of viral mutations and accelerated evolution of H3N2 and B/Victoria viruses. Monitoring the evolution of influenza may provide insights and alerts regarding potential epidemics in the future.