bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Male sterility of triticale lines generated through recombination of triticale and rye maintainers
Authors: Warzecha Tomasz , Sutkowska Agnieszka , Góral Halina 
Published: December 2014

The Triticum timopheevi cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) system in triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) suffers from a low frequency of maintainers and environmental instability of the male sterility. On the other hand, the Pampa cms system in rye (Secale cereale) exhibits strong male sterility and a low frequency of restorers. Here, we report generating hybrids between maintainers of the T. timopheevi cms system in triticale and maintainers of the rye Pampa cms system. Ten hybrids were obtained. Their hybridity was verified by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) using ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) primers. The cms maintaining ability of F2 individuals and their progeny was tested. The F2 plants were crossed to male sterile lines of triticale carrying the T. timopheevi cytoplasm. Among 180 G1 offspring of these crosses, 71 (39.4%) were completely male sterile. Fourteen F2 individuals (7.8%), as well as their F2S1 and progeny, generated stable male sterility in G1, G1BC1 and G1BC2 generations after the crosses. Our results suggest that it is possible to produce a more stable cms system in triticale based on the T. timopheevi cytoplasm as compared to the existing one.
Drie paradigma’s van het menselijke kwaad
Authors: Rozemond Klaas 
Published: December 2014

Three Paradigms of Human Evil
The Classical Paradigm considers evil intentions as a necessary element of human evil, for instance the Holocaust. The Obedience Paradigm states that the main motive of the perpetrators of this evil was obedience to authority. The Ideology Paradigm argues that ideological motives were the main element. This paper tries to show that it is impossible to separate obedience and ideology in the motives of perpetrators like Adolf Eichmann and Otto Ohlendorf. These perpetrators were also conscious of the fact that they violated moral and legal norms. In that sense they had evil intentions and can be held responsible for their crimes.
De executeur in een nalatenschap met bitcoins en andere ‘digitale bezittingen’
Authors: van der Geld L.A.G.M. 
Published: December 2014

De executeur in een nalatenschap met bitcoins en andere ‘digitale bezittingen’
In deze bijdrage gaat de auteur op zoek naar wat de verplichtingen zijn die de executeur heeft ten aanzien van de onlinenalatenschap. Moet een executeur actief op zoek naar bitcoins en andere digitale bezittingen? Hoever gaat zijn onderzoeksplicht in een onlinenalatenschap? Ook gaat de auteur kort in op de erfbelasting en digitale bezittingen: de executeur moet ook hier aangifte van doen.
Altijd weer die tweede echtgenote!
Authors: Luijten E.A.A. , Meijer W.R. 
Published: December 2014

Altijd weer die tweede echtgenote!
In de beide te bespreken uitspraken gaat het om de positie van de langstlevende tweede echtgenote, terwijl de overleden echtgenote uit het eerste huwelijk van de erflater een ouderlijke boedelverdeling in de zin van artikel 4:1167 BW (oud) had gemaakt. De daaruit voortvloeiende schuld van de langstlevende echtgenoot jegens zijn kinderen kan bij zijn overlijden op verschillende manieren een rol spelen in zijn nalatenschap, met name indien hij is hertrouwd.
Una mirada al federalismo argentino: discurso y realidad
Authors: Bazán Víctor 
Published: December 2014

Resumen:Básicamente, este trabajo intenta: (i) presentar la situación actual del federalismo argentino; (ii) examinar si en la realidad han quedado cumplidas las pautas establecidas por la reforma constitucional de 1994 para «fortalecerlo»; (iii) analizar algunas cuestiones de interés que emanan de la dinámica federal, por ejemplo: (a) acerca de si las constituciones provinciales pueden establecer más derechos que los contenidos en la Constitución nacional o dotar a los ya consagrados en ésta (y replicados en aquélla) de un caudal protectivo más fuerte, (b) sobre la «cláusula federal» incluida en determinados instrumentos internacionales sobre derechos humanos, como el Pacto de San José de Costa Rica, y (c) en relación con el impacto del control de convencionalidad en las relaciones federales; y, por último, (iv) visualizar las perspectivas que respecto del federalismo aparecen en el horizonte institucional de Argentina. Abstract:Basically, this paper attempts: (i) to present the current situation of argentine federalism; (ii) to examine whether in reality have been fulfilled the guidelines established by the constitutional reform of 1994 to «strengthen» it; (iii) to analyze some issues of interest arising from federal dynamics, for example: (a) whether provincial constitutions can establish more rights than those contained in the Federal Constitution or provide rights already enshrined in this (and replicated in those) a stronger protective flow; (b) about the «federal clause» included in certain international human rights instruments, such as the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights, and (c) in relation to the impact of the conventionality control in federal relations; and, finally, (iv) to try to capturing the perspectives of federalism contained in the argentinian institutional horizon.
Quantifying the processes controlling intraseasonal mixed‐layer temperature variability in the tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Halkides D. J. , Waliser Duane E. , Lee Tong , Menemenlis Dimitris , Guan Bin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSpatial and temporal variation of processes that determine ocean mixed‐layer (ML) temperature (MLT) variability on the timescale of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) are examined in a heat‐conserving ocean state estimate for years 1993–2011. We introduce a new metric for representing spatial variability of the relative importance of processes. In general, horizontal advection is most important at the Equator. Subsurface processes and surface heat flux are more important away from the Equator, with surface heat flux being the more dominant factor. Analyses at key sites are discussed in the context of local dynamics and literature. At 0°, 80.5°E, for MLT events > 2 standard deviations, ocean dynamics account for more than two thirds of the net tendency during cooling and warming phases. Zonal advection alone accounts for ∼40% of the net tendency. Moderate events (1–2 standard deviations) show more differences between events, and some are dominated by surface heat flux. At 8°S, 67°E in the Seychelles‐Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR) area, surface heat flux accounts for ∼70% of the tendency during strong cooling and warming phases; subsurface processes linked to ML depth (MLD) deepening (shoaling) during cooling (warming) account for ∼30%. MLT is more sensitive to subsurface processes in the SCTR, due to the thin MLD, thin barrier layer and raised thermocline. Results for 8°S, 67°E support assertions by Vialard et al. (2008) not previously confirmed due to measurement error that prevented budget closure and the small number of events studied. The roles of MLD, barrier layer thickness, and thermocline depth on different timescales are examined.
Detecting and understanding the accelerated sea level rise along the east coast of the United States during recent decades
Authors: Kenigson J. S. , Han W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA “hot spot” of accelerated sea level rise has recently been detected between Cape Hatteras and Cape Cod. The acceleration in the long‐term trend, however, is difficult to isolate from transient acceleration due to variability, particularly the ∼60 year cycle associated with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Ensemble EMD (EEMD) methods have been used to isolate oscillations and provide robust acceleration estimates for the trend. Yet the reliability of these methods in detecting accelerated sea level rise, particularly given the limited lengths of tide gauge records, has not been fully tested. Here, the EMD and EEMD methods are applied to both tide gauge observations and synthetic sea level time series constructed as a sum of oscillations extracted from tide gauge records and trends with prescribed acceleration rates. The successively truncated synthetic and observed data are analyzed with (E)EMD, and estimates of the acceleration error based on the record length are produced. Generally, EEMD provides more stable acceleration estimates than EMD, and the error decreases as the record length increases, although not monotonically. Records exceeding two multidecadal oscillation periods in length provide superior estimates over shorter records. In addition, the AMO may have contributed significantly to the rapid acceleration detected in the hot spot during recent decades. These findings have important implications for improved detection of regional sea level acceleration in a warming climate.
The “winter predictability barrier” for IOD events and its error growth dynamics: Results from a fully coupled GCM
Authors: Feng Rong , Duan Wansuo , Mu Mu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWithin the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2p1 (GFDL CM2p1) coupled model, we find that the winter predictability barrier (WPB) exists in both the growing and decaying phases of positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events, due to the effects of initial errors. The physical mechanism of the WPB, in which the initial errors show a significant seasonal‐dependent evolution with the fastest error growth in winter, is explored from the dynamical and thermodynamical viewpoints. In terms of dynamics, in the growing phase of pure positive IOD events, the vertical temperature advection associated with the reference state IOD events plays a dominant role in advancing the fastest error growth in winter; in terms of thermodynamics, the latent heat flux error and the shortwave radiation error lead to the fastest error growth in winter and favor the occurrence of the WPB. In the decaying phase of pure positive IOD events, the occurrence of the WPB is mainly due to the latent heat flux error since the dynamics play an insignificant role in advancing the fast error growth in winter. For positive IOD events accompanied by El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the physical mechanism of the WPB is similar to that for pure positive IOD events in both the growing and decaying phases, except that the shortwave radiation error has a different effect on the error growth in winter, which may be closely related to the perturbed atmospheric circulation in the tropical Indian Ocean associated with ENSO.
The vertical distribution of Martian aerosol particle size
Authors: Guzewich Scott D. , Smith Michael D. , Wolff Michael J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing approximately 410 limb‐viewing observations from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM), we retrieve the vertical distribution of Martian dust and water ice aerosol particle sizes. We find that dust particles have an effective radius of 1.0 µm over much of the atmospheric column below 40 km throughout the Martian year. This includes the detached tropical dust layers detected in previous studies. Little to no variation with height is seen in dust particle size. Water ice clouds within the aphelion cloud belt exhibit a strong sorting of particle size with height, however, and the effective radii range from >3 µm below 20 km to near 1.0 µm at 40 km altitude. Conversely, water ice clouds in the seasonal polar hoods show a near‐uniform particle size with an effective radius of approximately 1.5 µm throughout the atmospheric column.
Radiocarbon profiles of the NW Pacific from the LGM and deglaciation: Evaluating ventilation metrics and the effect of uncertain surface reservoir ages
Authors: Cook Mea S. , Keigwin Lloyd D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring the last deglaciation, the ventilation of the subarctic Pacific is hypothesized to have changed dramatically, including the rejuvenation of a poorly ventilated abyssal water mass that filled the deep ocean, and fluctuations in the strength of North Pacific intermediate and deep water formation at millennial timescales. Foraminiferal radiocarbon reconstructions of past ventilation changes in the Pacific are valuable but are hampered by poor carbonate preservation, low sediment accumulation rates, bias from bioturbation, and poorly constrained past surface reservoir age. In this study, we present paired benthic‐planktonic radiocarbon measurements from the Okhotsk Sea and Emperor Seamounts. We take advantage of large contemporaneous peaks in benthic abundances from the last glacial maximum, Bolling‐Allerod (BA), and early Holocene to produce time slices of radiocarbon from 1 to 4 km water depth. We explore the impact of uncertain surface reservoir age and evaluate several approaches to quantifying past ocean radiocarbon distribution using our NW Pacific data and a compilation of published data from the North Pacific. Both the calendar age and the absolute value of an ocean radiocarbon estimate depend on the assumed surface reservoir age. But for a time slice from a small geographical area with radiocarbon‐independent stratigraphic correlation between cores, the shape of a water column profile is independent of surface reservoir age. The NW Pacific profiles are similar in shape to the compilation profiles for the entire North Pacific, which suggests that deglacial surface reservoir age changes across the N Pacific did not diverge dramatically across the areas sampled. The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) profile >2 km spans a wide range of values, ranging from values similar to today to lower than today. However, by the BA the profile has a similar shape to today. Ultimately, local surface reservoir ages, end‐member water mass composition, and mixing ratios must each be constrained before a radiocarbon activity reconstruction can be used to confidently infer ventilation changes.
Multicentennial Agulhas leakage variability and links to North Atlantic climate during the past 80,000 years
Authors: Dyez Kelsey A. , Zahn Rainer , Hall Ian R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNew high‐resolution sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) estimates are presented from the Agulhas Bank slope in the Atlantic sector of the Agulhas Corridor using planktic foraminiferal (Globigerinoides ruber) δ18O and Mg/Ca‐derived SST. By focusing on the last 80,000 years, this is the first fine‐scale Agulhas leakage record that overlaps in time with much of the Greenland ice core record of abrupt climate changes in the North Atlantic region. The multicentennial profiles indicate instances of warm SST and/or increased SSS coincident with Northern Hemisphere cool periods, followed by Northern Hemisphere warming. These periods of enhanced SST and SSS in the Agulhas Corridor occur at the last glacial termination (T1) and during North Atlantic cold episodes associated with Heinrich (H) meltwater events. To a first‐order approximation, the timing of maximal salinity events in relation to periods of North Atlantic freshwater perturbation is consistent with the concept suggested by climate models that enhanced Agulhas leakage provides for buoyancy compensation and can potentially trigger increased convective activity in the North Atlantic, thereby restoring Atlantic overturning circulation after relatively weak states.
Segmental fat‐free and fat mass measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 2,224 healthy spanish women aged 18–85 years
Authors: Pedrera‐Zamorano Juan D. , Roncero‐Martin Raul , Lavado‐Garcia Jesus M. , Calderon‐Garcia Julian F. , Rey‐Sanchez Purificacion , Vera Vicente , Martinez Mariana , Moran Jose M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis study provides updated data on body composition in adult Spanish women.MethodsWe considered data, including height and weight, from a survey conducted on a total of 4,013 adult women between 2009 and 2010. A subgroup of 2,224 women completed a bioelectrical body impedance analysis of body composition using a Tanita Body Composition Analyzer (Model no. BF‐418).ResultsTotal fat mass (FM) gradually increased between 18 and 74 years of age and decreased thereafter. FM increased in both legs between 65 and 74 years of age (5.69 ± 1.4 Kg and 5.66 ± 1.4 Kg for right and left legs, respectively) and decreased thereafter. FM in the right arm increased until 44 years of age (1.22 ± 2.6 Kg), decreased to 1.19 ± 0.5 Kg between 45 and 54 years of age, and increased to 1.54 ± 0.63 from 65 to 74 years of age. FM in the left arm increased constantly until it reached a peak of 1.63 ± 0.6 Kg between 65 and 74 years of age and decreased thereafter. FM increased in the trunk throughout life (peaks at 13.27±3.8 Kg) until subjects reached between 65 and 74 years of age. Fat free mass increased until 44 years of age (42.42 ± 4.17 Kg) and decreased thereafter. The prevalence of overweight/obesity significantly increased with age in the entire sample.ConclusionsOur results indicate that age‐related increases in weight were at least partially due to increased adiposity. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:468–474, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanoporous Carbon Tubes from Fullerene Crystals as the π‐Electron Carbon Source
Authors: Shrestha Lok Kumar , Shrestha Rekha Goswami , Yamauchi Yusuke , Hill Jonathan P. , Nishimura Toshiyuki , Miyazawa Kun'ichi , Kawai Takazumi , Okada Susumu , Wakabayashi Katsunori , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHere we report the thermal conversion of one‐dimensional (1D) fullerene (C60) single‐crystal nanorods and nanotubes to nanoporous carbon materials with retention of the initial 1D morphology. The 1D C60 crystals are heated directly at very high temperature (up to 2000 °C) in vacuum, yielding a new family of nanoporous carbons having π‐electron conjugation within the sp2‐carbon robust frameworks. These new nanoporous carbon materials show excellent electrochemical capacitance and superior sensing properties for aromatic compounds compared to commercial activated carbons.
Stereocomplexed Poly(Limonene Carbonate): A Unique Example of the Cocrystallization of Amorphous Enantiomeric Polymers
Authors: Auriemma Finizia , De Rosa Claudio , Di Caprio Maria Rosaria , Di Girolamo Rocco , Ellis W. Chadwick , Coates Geoffrey W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report the cocrystallization of the regio‐ and stereoregular chiral copolymer poly(limonene carbonate). To the best of our knowledge, this marks the first example of an amorphous, enantiomerically pure polymer that becomes crystalline upon stereocomplexation with its complementary enantiomer. By analyzing X‐ray powder diffraction data, we propose a packing model in which sheets of enantiopure chains interdigitate with layers of the opposite enantiomer, forming a “steric zipper”.
Assessment of droughts in the Iberian Peninsula using the WASP‐Index
Authors: Andrade C. , Belo‐Pereira M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper analyses the temporal and spatial variability of droughts in Iberia (IP) and in five IP regions (1951−2007) using four observational precipitation‐gridded data sets. Droughts were analysed by means of the Weighted Anomaly of Standardized Precipitation (WASP) for 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month time scales. WASP‐Index and the Standardized Precipitation Index are highly correlated. The major drought spells at Iberian scale are identified by the four data sets. Moreover, the droughts frequency and severity increased from the late 1980s. Finally, in western Iberia, statistically significant drying trends are detected. In eastern Iberia, larger uncertainties are found on the trends signal.
Human pharmacokinetic profiling of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitor teneligliptin using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
Authors: Nakamaru Yoshinobu , Emoto Chie , Shimizu Makiko , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTeneligliptin is a type 2 diabetes drug that has an inhibitory effect on dipeptidyl peptidase‐4. The aim of this study was to establish a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to elucidate in detail the pharmacokinetics of teneligliptin. A PBPK model of teneligliptin was developed using the population‐based Simcyp simulator incorporating the results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Model validation was conducted by comparison of simulated teneligliptin plasma concentrations with those from clinical trials. Using the PBPK model, predicted drug–drug interactions with concomitant medication were examined. The robustness of the PBPK model was demonstrated by the accurate simulation of clinically measured plasma concentrations of teneligliptin after oral administration in different ethnic groups, in subjects belonging to different age groups and in patients with kidney or liver impairment; none of these factors were incorporated during model development. The fraction absorbed and intestinal availability of teneligliptin predicted by the model were 0.62 and 0.99, respectively. The predicted ratios of areas under the time–concentration curves (AUCs) in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment who were concomitantly administered ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of P450 3A4, were, respectively, 2.1‐ and 2.2‐fold those in healthy adults who were given teneligliptin alone. A robust PBPK model reflecting the pharmacokinetic properties of teneligliptin was constructed. The final optimized PBPK model enabled us to elucidate in detail the factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of teneligliptin and to predict changes in exposure in drug–drug interactions or in specific populations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro metabolism of an estrogen‐related receptor γ modulator, GSK5182, by human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450s
Authors: Joo Jeongmin , Wu Zhexue , Lee Boram , Shon Jong Cheol , Lee Taeho , Lee In‐Kyu , Sim Taebo , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Kim Nam Doo , Kim Seong Heon , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGSK5182 (4‐[(Z)‐1‐[4‐(2‐dimethylaminoethyloxy)phenyl]‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylpent‐1‐enyl]phenol) is a specific inverse agonist for estrogen‐related receptor γ, a member of the orphan nuclear receptor family that has important functions in development and homeostasis. This study was performed to elucidate the metabolites of GSK5182 and to characterize the enzymes involved in its metabolism. Incubation of human liver microsomes with GSK5182 in the presence of NADPH resulted in the formation of three metabolites, M1, M2 and M3. M1 and M3 were identified as N‐desmethyl‐GSK5182 and GSK5182 N‐oxide, respectively, on the basis of liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) analysis. M2 was suggested to be hydroxy‐GSK5182 through interpretation of its MS/MS fragmentation pattern. In addition, the specific cytochrome P450 (P450) and flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO) isoforms responsible for GSK5182 oxidation to the three metabolites were identified using a combination of correlation analysis, chemical inhibition in human liver microsomes and metabolism by expressed recombinant P450 and FMO isoforms. GSK5182 N‐demethylation and hydroxylation is mainly mediated by CYP3A4, whereas FMO1 and FMO3 contribute to the formation of GSK5182 N‐oxide from GSK5182. The present data will be useful for understanding the pharmacokinetics and drug interactions of GSK5182 in vivo. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.