bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake of carbohydrates and risk of type 2 diabetes: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study
Authors: Ahmadi-Abhari Sara , Luben Robert N. , Powell Natasha , Bhaniani Amit , Chowdhury Rajiv , Wareham Nicholas J. , Forouhi Nita G. , Khaw Kay-Tee 
Published: July 2013

In the present study, we investigated the association between dietary intake of carbohydrates and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Incident cases of diabetes (n 749) were identified and compared with a randomly selected subcohort of 3496 participants aged 40–79 years. For dietary assessment, we used 7 d food diaries administered at baseline. We carried out modified Cox proportional hazards regression analyses and compared results obtained from the different methods of adjustment for total energy intake. Dietary intakes of total carbohydrates, starch, sucrose, lactose or maltose were not significantly related to diabetes risk after adjustment for confounders. However, in the residual method for energy adjustment, intakes of fructose and glucose were inversely related to diabetes risk. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of diabetes comparing the extreme quintiles of intake were 0·79 (95 % CI 0·59, 1·07; P for trend = 0·03) for glucose and 0·62 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·83; P for trend = 0·01) for fructose. In the nutrient density method, only fructose was inversely related to diabetes risk (HR 0·65, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·88). The replacement of 5 % energy intake from SFA with an isoenergetic amount of fructose was associated with a 30 % lower diabetes risk (HR 0·69, 95 % CI 0·50, 0·96). Results of the standard and energy partition methods were similar to those of the residual method. These prospective findings suggest that the intakes of starch and sucrose are not associated, but that those of fructose and glucose are inversely associated with diabetes risk. Whether the inverse associations with fructose and glucose reflect the effect of substitution of these carbohydrate subtypes with other nutrients (i.e. SFA), their net higher intake or other nutrients associated with their intake remains to be established through further investigation.
Ferric citrate decreases ruminal hydrogen sulphide concentrations in feedlot cattle fed diets high in sulphate
Authors: Drewnoski Mary E. , Doane Perry , Hansen Stephanie L. 
Published: July 2013

Dissimilatory reduction of sulphate by sulphate-reducing bacteria in the rumen produces sulphide, which can lead to a build-up of the toxic gas hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in the rumen when increased concentrations of sulphate are consumed by ruminants. We hypothesised that adding ferric Fe would competitively inhibit ruminal sulphate reduction. The effects of five concentrations and two sources (ferric citrate or ferric ammonium citrate) of ferric Fe were examinedin vitro(n6 per treatment). Rumen fluid was collected from a steer that was adapted to a high-concentrate, high-sulphate diet (0·51 % S). The addition of either source of ferric Fe decreased (P< 0·01) H2S concentrations without affecting gas production (P= 0·38), fluid pH (P= 0·80) orin vitroDM digestibility (P= 0·38) after a 24 h incubation. Anin vivoexperiment was conducted using eight ruminally fistulated steers (543 (sem12) kg) in a replicated Latin square with four periods and four treatments. The treatments included a high-concentrate, high-sulphate control diet (0·46 % S) or the control diet plus ferric ammonium citrate at concentrations of 200, 300 or 400 mg Fe/kg diet DM. The inclusion of ferric Fe did not affect DM intake (P= 0·21). There was a linear (P< 0·01) decrease in the concentration of ruminal H2S as the addition of ferric Fe concentrations increased. Ferric citrate appears to be an effective way to decrease ruminal H2S concentrations, which could allow producers to safely increase the inclusion of ethanol co-products.
Acute sphenoid sinusitis leading to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis: a case report
Authors: Dyer S R , Thottam P J , Saraiya S , Haupert M 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroduction:The objective of this article was to report a case of isolated, acute, right-sided sphenoid sinusitis that progressed to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis in an 18-year-old male patient. We describe the atypical presentation of this case and discuss the relevant anatomy, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnostic evaluation and treatment.Case report:A case report of sphenoid sinusitis leading to contralateral cavernous sinus thrombosis was reviewed and presented along with a comprehensive literature review of the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, microbiology, diagnostic work-up and treatment options.Conclusion:Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a rare clinical entity in the antibiotic era. However, limited sphenoid sinusitis may progress to cavernous sinus thrombosis in spite of maximal medical treatment, as highlighted in this case report. The mainstay of treatment includes early diagnosis allowing aggressive intravenous antibiotics and appropriate surgical management.
Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 genotype and a physically active lifestyle in late life: analysis of gene–environment interaction for the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Luck T. , Riedel-Heller S. G. , Luppa M. , Wiese B. , Köhler M. , Jessen F. , Bickel H. , Weyerer S. , Pentzek M. , König H.-H. , Prokein J. , Ernst A. , Wagner M. , Mösch E. , Werle J. , Fuchs A. , Brettschneider C. , Scherer M. , Maier W. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundAs physical activity may modify the effect of the apolipoprotein E (APOE)ε4 allele on the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, we tested for such a gene–environment interaction in a sample of general practice patients aged ⩾75 years.MethodData were derived from follow-up waves I–IV of the longitudinal German study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe). The Kaplan–Meier survival method was used to estimate dementia- and AD-free survival times. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess individual associations ofAPOE ε4 and physical activity with risk for dementia and AD, controlling for covariates. We tested for gene–environment interaction by calculating three indices of additive interaction.ResultsAmong the randomly selected sample of 6619 patients, 3327 (50.3%) individuals participated in the study at baseline and 2810 (42.5%) at follow-up I. Of the 2492 patients without dementia included at follow-up I, 278 developed dementia (184 AD) over the subsequent follow-up interval of 4.5 years. The presence of theAPOE ε4 allele significantly increased and higher physical activity significantly decreased risk for dementia and AD. The co-presence ofAPOE ε4 with low physical activity was associated with higher risk for dementia and AD and shorter dementia- and AD-free survival time than the presence ofAPOE ε4 or low physical activity alone. Indices of interaction indicated no significant interaction between low physical activity and theAPOE ε4 allele for general dementia risk, but a possible additive interaction for AD risk.ConclusionsPhysical activity even in late life may be effective in reducing conversion to dementia and AD or in delaying the onset of clinical manifestations.APOE ε4 carriers may particularly benefit from increasing physical activity with regard to their risk for AD.
Asset Poverty in Urban China: A Study Using the 2002 Chinese Household Income Project
Authors: HUANG JIN , JIN MINCHAO , DENG SUO , GUO BAORONG , ZOU LI , SHERRADEN MICHAEL 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDefining asset poverty as insufficiency of assets to satisfy household basic needs for a limited period of time, the study examines asset-poverty rates in urban China using the 2002 survey data from the Chinese Household Income Project (CHIP). We find that asset-poverty rates in urban China are lower than those of developed countries, in part due to Chinese households’ strong commitment to precautionary savings and the low poverty standards. However, the liquid asset-poverty rate is five times that of the income-poverty rate in urban China. Notably, the asset-poverty-gap ratio shows that most households in asset poverty have zero liquid assets or negative net worth. Asset building could be an integral part of the anti-poverty agenda to protect the poor from economic hardship and provide them with opportunities for economic growth.
Les pratiques de coordination en gestion de cas dans le secteur du soutien à domicile pour les personnes en perte d’autonomie liée au vieillissement, une analyse conventionnaliste
Authors: Carrier Sébastien 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe objective of this article is to understand coordination as it unfolds in case management practices in the context of integrated care networks devoted to frail elderly individuals. More specifically, we describe practical coordination processes. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using an embedded case study design. Our study covers three health and social service centers in Québec. We noted that coordination produces convention in case management practices through a process of bringing together different types of compromise in home care situations where multidimensionality appears to be more or less important. We constructed four different types of compromise-producing convention with regard to coordination in case management practices: compromise at the interface, scheduling compromise, compromise of opportunity, and compromising change.
Ontological characterization of functions: Perspectives for capturing functions and modeling guidelines
Authors: Kitamura Yoshinobu , Mizoguchi Riichiro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe authors have been involved in ontological modeling of function for over 15 years. As an instance of the revisionary approach discussed in Vermaas's position paper, we have proposed an ontological definition of function and a modeling framework based on it, which has been deployed in industry. In addition, as an instance of the overarching approach, we have proposed a reference ontology of function that explains some kinds, definitions, and practical expressions of functions. In this paper, we explain our methodology in an overarching approach based onperspectives for capturing functions. When one captures a function of an artifact, one focuses on a specific aspect of the artifact from a specific perspective. In this paper, we conceptualize such perspectives behind the reference ontology. In addition, based on our experiences in deployment in an industrial setting, we report some solutions, such as ontological modeling guidelines, for overcoming some of the difficulties faced in the practical functional modeling approach described in Eckert's position paper. Our findings suggest that such solutions will help engineers to describe consistent functional models compliant with a single definition of function.
Infant color vision and color preferences: A tribute to Davida Teller
Authors: BROWN ANGELA M. , LINDSEY DELWIN T. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlmost 40 years ago, Davida Teller developed the forced-choice preferential looking method for studying infant visual capabilities and used it to study infant color vision. About 10 years ago, she used infant looking preferences to study infant color perception. Here, we examine four data sets in which the infant looking preference was measured using a wide range of saturated colors. Three of those data sets, from papers by Marc Bornstein and by Davida Teller and Anna Franklin and their respective collaborators, were fit successfully using MacLeod and Boynton’s model of the equiluminant plane in color space, in spite of the varied luminances used in those studies. A fourth data set, from a paper by Zemach, Chang, and Teller, was less well fit by that model. Apparently, infants are able to ignore luminance, and pay attention just to the color of stimuli. These results are discussed in the context of Davida Teller’s work on the philosophy of vision science.
Linking appearance to neural activity through the study of the perception of lightness in naturalistic contexts
Authors: MAERTENS MARIANNE , SHAPLEY ROBERT 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe present paper deals with the classical question how a psychological experience, in this case apparent lightness, is linked by intervening neural processing to physical variables. We address two methodological issues: (a) how does one know the appropriate physical variable (what is the right x?) to look at, and (b) how can behavioral measurements be used to probe the internal transformation that leads to psychological experience. We measured so-called lightness transfer functions (LTFs), that is the functions that describe the mapping between retinal luminance and perceived lightness for naturalistic checkerboard stimuli. The LTFs were measured for different illumination situations: plain view, a cast shadow, and an intervening transparent medium. Observers adjusted the luminance of a comparison patch such that it had the same lightness as each of the test patches. When the data were plotted in luminance–luminance space, we found qualitative differences between mapping functions in different contexts. These differences were greatly diminished when the data were plotted in terms of contrast. On contrast–contrast coordinates, the data were compatible with a single linear generative model. This result is an indication that, for the naturalistic scenes used here, lightness perception depends mostly on local contrast. We further discuss that, in addition to the mean adjustments, one may find it useful to consider also the variability of an observer’s adjustments in order to infer the true luminance-to-lightness mapping function.
Escaping the snare of chronological growth and launching a free curve alternative: General deviance as latent growth model
Authors: Wood Phillip Karl , Jackson Kristina M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractResearchers studying longitudinal relationships among multiple problem behaviors sometimes characterize autoregressive relationships across constructs as indicating “protective” or “launch” factors or as “developmental snares.” These terms are used to indicate that initial or intermediary states of one problem behavior subsequently inhibit or promote some other problem behavior. Such models are contrasted with models of “general deviance” over time in which all problem behaviors are viewed as indicators of a common linear trajectory. When fit of the “general deviance” model is poor and fit of one or more autoregressive models is good, this is taken as support for the inhibitory or enhancing effect of one construct on another. In this paper, we argue that researchers consider competing models of growth before comparing deviance and time-bound models. Specifically, we propose use of the free curve slope intercept (FCSI) growth model (Meredith & Tisak, 1990) as a general model to typify change in a construct over time. The FCSI model includes, as nested special cases, several statistical models often used for prospective data, such as linear slope intercept models, repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, various one-factor models, and hierarchical linear models. When considering models involving multiple constructs, we argue the construct of “general deviance” can be expressed as a single-trait multimethod model, permitting a characterization of the deviance construct over time without requiring restrictive assumptions about the form of growth over time. As an example, prospective assessments of problem behaviors from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (Silva & Stanton, 1996) are considered and contrasted with earlier analyses of Hussong, Curran, Moffitt, and Caspi (2008), which supported launch and snare hypotheses. For antisocial behavior, the FCSI model fit better than other models, including the linear chronometric growth curve model used by Hussong et al. For models including multiple constructs, a general deviance model involving a single trait and multimethod factors (or a corresponding hierarchical factor model) fit the data better than either the “snares” alternatives or the general deviance model previously considered by Hussong et al. Taken together, the analyses support the view that linkages and turning points cannot be contrasted with general deviance models absent additional experimental intervention or control.
Relational aggression, victimization, and adjustment during middle childhood
Authors: Ostrov Jamie M. , Godleski Stephanie A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA secondary analysis of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development was conducted to test the mechanisms by which relational aggression in third grade was associated both directly and indirectly with relational victimization in sixth grade. A large sample (N =1,035; 522 girls;M= 8.3 years old;SD= 0.23) and multiple informants (teacher, child, and parent report) and methods were used to test several theoretically driven hypotheses. Our path analysis model suggested evidence for both direct and indirect pathways consistent with the sequential social process model of peer harassment. Relational aggression was significantly associated with future relational victimization even after controlling for physical aggression and gender. Loneliness mediated the direct association between relational aggression and peer victimization. A second model testing the reverse direction of effect revealed that relational victimization in third grade predicted relational aggression in sixth grade and was associated with loneliness and depressive symptoms in fifth grade, but there was no evidence for any of the indirect pathways.
Language and internalizing and externalizing behavioral adjustment: Developmental pathways from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Hahn Chun-Shin , Suwalsky Joan T. D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo independent prospective longitudinal studies that cumulatively spanned the age interval from 4 years to 14 years used multiwave designs to investigate developmental associations between language and behavioral adjustment (internalizing and externalizing behavior problems). Altogether 224 children, their mothers, and teachers provided data. Series of nested path analysis models were used to determine the most parsimonious and plausible paths among the three constructs over and above stability in each across age and their covariation at each age. In both studies, children with poorer language skills in early childhood had more internalizing behavior problems in later childhood and in early adolescence. These developmental paths between language and behavioral adjustment held after taking into consideration children's nonverbal intellectual functioning, maternal verbal intelligence, education, parenting knowledge, and social desirability bias, as well as family socioeconomic status, and they applied equally to girls and boys.
LE COMMENTAIRE D'IBN MUʿĀḎ SUR LE CONCEPT DE RAPPORT
Authors: Vahabzadeh Bijan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Andalusian mathematician and astronomer Ibn Muʿāḏ al-Jayyānī (11th century) is the author of an important commentary on the concept of ratio, in which he attempts to justify the Euclidean definition of proportionality between magnitudes – the celebrated Definition V.5 – and that of greater ratio. In addition to an analysis of the commentary, we provide a French translation and a critical edition of the original Arabic text. We also attempted to settle some problems linked to the biography of Ibn Muʿāḏ.
AL-ANṬĀKĪ'S USE OF THE LOST ARABIC VERSION OF PHILOPONUS'CONTRA PROCLUM
Authors: Wakelnig Elvira 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIbn al-Faḍl al-Anṭākī'sKitāb Bahjat al-muʾmin, theBook of the Delight of the Believerpreserves, in the first part, in at least three of its 100 philosophical and theological problems, passages from the hitherto lost Arabic version of Philoponus'De Aeternitate mundi contra Proclum. All quotations are taken from the refutation of the first proof, one of them from the beginning which is also lost in Greek. For this latter passage a parallel is found in al-Isfizārī who draws on the same Philoponus source in hisKitāb fī Masāʾil al-umūr al-ilāhiyya(Book on Metaphysical Questions). A comparison of the other passages to the extant Greek text suggests that al-Anṭākī quotes Philoponus faithfully, but with some omissions and occasional re-arrangement of his source. Additional evidence for al-Anṭākī's overall accurate use of sources can be gained from his quotations of the extant Arabic versions of theDe Anima-paraphrase, Nemesius'De Natura hominisand ʿAlī b. Rabban al-Ṭabarī'sFirdaws al-ḥikma(Paradise of Wisdom).
Entering a city: on a lost early modern practice
Authors: JÜTTE DANIEL 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT:City gates and walls were among the most striking features of the pre-modern city, yet we still know relatively little about their impact on daily life and what it meant to enter a city at that time. The present article explores precisely these questions. The first section outlines the general significance of city gates and walls in pre-modern times. In the second, I examine the four distinct functions of city gates in the early modern period. The third and main section presents a detailed description of the various practices, procedures and problems that accompanied the entrance to a city. Finally, and to conclude, the history of city gates is viewed in conjunction with the broader history of the early modern city and its transformation in the transition to modernity.
Development of Memory for Spatial Locations and Object/Place Associations in Infant Rhesus Macaques with and without Neonatal Hippocampal Lesions
Authors: Blue Shala N. , Kazama Andy M. , Bachevalier Jocelyne 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis study traces the development of spatial memory abilities in monkeys and reports the effects of selective neonatal hippocampal lesions on performance across development. Two different versions of the visual paired-comparison (VPC) task were used. The VPC-Spatial-Location task tested memory for object-locations that could be solved using an egocentric spatial frame of reference and the VPC-Object-In-Place task taxed memory for spatial relations using an allocentric reference frame. Eleven rhesus macaques (6 neonatal sham-operated controls and 5 with neonatal neurotoxic hippocampal lesions) were tested on both tasks as infants (8 months), juveniles (18 months), and adults (5–6 years). Memory for spatial locations was present by 18 months of age, whereas memory for object-place relations was present only in adulthood. Also, neonatal hippocampal lesions delayed the emergence of memory for spatial locations and abolished memory for object-place associations, particularly in animals that had sustained extensive and bilateral hippocampal lesions. The differential developmental time course of spatial memory functions and of the effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions on these functions are discussed in relation to morphological maturation of the medial temporal lobe structures in monkeys. Implications of the findings for the neural basis of spatial memory development in humans are also considered. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–12)