bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of acoustic fields in open boreholes generated by linear phased array acoustic transmitters driven by pulse compression signals
Authors: Tao Shengyue , Che Xiaohua , Qiao Wenxiao , Wang Jiale , Zhao Qiqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcoustic logging is an important method used to determine formation velocities near boreholes. However, in practice, determining accurate formation velocities from acoustic logging data is challenging because of the presence of various noise interferences. Accordingly, a method to increase the amplitudes of refracted waves in open boreholes is proposed herein on the basis of the directional radiation technology of pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array acoustic transmitters. The waveforms generated by a Ricker monopole acoustic transmitter, linear frequency modulation monopole acoustic transmitter and pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array acoustic transmitter in a fluid‐filled open borehole are numerically simulated by employing the finite‐difference method. The effects of the pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array parameters on the amplitudes of the refracted compressional and shear waves are studied. Results show that borehole mode waves with the same velocities and dispersion characteristics can be determined using the pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array acoustic and Ricker monopole acoustic transmitters in fluid‐filled open boreholes. Pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array acoustic transmitters leverage the advantages of pulse compression and phased array technologies, ensuring that a single element can radiate more acoustic energy, whereas pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array parameters can be modulated to further increase the amplitudes of the refracted compressional and shear waves. Compared with Ricker and linear frequency modulation monopole acoustic transmitters, pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array acoustic transmitters can provide downhole received waveforms of better quality and improved a signal‐to‐noise ratio of the mode wave dispersion curves obtained using the downhole received waveforms. Because pulse compression signal–driven linear phased array acoustic transmitters use linear frequency modulation drive signals of longer duration, the recording time required for the received waveforms is also longer and the amount of data generated is larger, presenting new challenges for downhole data processing and high‐speed data transmission.
Ontogeny of migration destination, route and timing in a partially migratory bird
Authors: Chan Ying‐Chi , Kormann Urs G. , Witczak Stephanie , Scherler Patrick , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In migratory animals, the developmental period from inexperienced juveniles to breeding adults could be a key life stage in shaping population migration patterns. Nevertheless, the development of migration routines in early life remains underexplored. While age‐related changes in migration routes and timing have been described in obligate migrants, most investigations into the ontogeny of partial migrants only focused on age‐dependency of migration as a binary tactic (migrant or resident), and variations in routes and timing among individuals classified as ‘migrants’ is rarely considered.

To fill this gap, we study the ontogeny of migration destination, route and timing in a partially migratory red kite (Milvus milvus) population. Using an extensive GPS‐tracking dataset (292 fledglings and 38 adults, with 1–5 migrations tracked per individual), we studied how nine different migration characteristics changed with age and breeding status in migrant individuals, many of which become resident later in life.

Individuals departed later from and arrived earlier at the breeding areas as they aged, resulting in a gradual prolongation of stay in the breeding area by 2 months from the first to the fifth migration. Individuals delayed southward migration in the year prior to territory acquirement, and they further delayed it after occupying a territory. Migration routes became more direct with age. Individuals were highly faithful to their wintering site. Migration distance shortened only slightly with age and was more similar among siblings than among unrelated individuals.

The large gradual changes in northward and southward migrations suggest a high degree of plasticity in temporal characteristics during the developmental window. However, the high wintering site fidelity points towards large benefits of site familiarity, prompting spatial migratory plasticity to be expressed through a switch to residency.

The contrasting patterns of trajectories of age‐related changes between spatial and temporal migration characteristics might reflect different mechanisms underlying the expression of plasticity. Investigating such patterns among species along the entire spectrum of migration tactics would enable further understanding of the plastic responses exhibited by migratory species to rapid environmental changes.
Secondary compounds increase litter removal by termites across 23 savanna grass species
Authors: de Jonge Inger K. , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Olff Han , Berg Matty P. , van Logtestijn Richard S. P. , Veldhuis Michiel P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTermites—one of the most abundant animal groups in tropical ecosystems—are vital in nutrient recycling, contributing significantly to maintaining ecosystem functioning. However, how selective they are in their litter food choice, and whether they prefer nutritious or less nutritious litter substrates, are still important unresolved questions.Here, we test the effect of litter traits on the removal of litter by fungus‐growing termites, a dominant group of macrodetritivores in the Serengeti‐Mara ecosystem. We used metal‐mesh litterbags to measure the mass loss of stem and leaf litter from 23 grass species after an incubation period of 61 days.Sheeting—soil deposits indicating termite presence—strongly increased with tannin and phenolic compounds, especially in leaf litter (R2 = 0.54), where highly aromatic species likeCymbopogon caesiusandBothriochloa insculptaexhibited the highest sheeting rates. Litterbags with sheeting displayed 66% higher mass loss on average compared to those without. Once termites had selected the substrate, mass loss increased consistently irrespective of litter traits.Quantifying the combined effects of sheeting frequency and differential mass loss, we found that fungus‐growing termites predominantly increased the mass loss of high‐nutrient litter. This was mainly due to additional mass loss in leaf litter, not stem litter, with tannin concentration being the primary predictor of enhanced overall decomposition by termites. This suggests termites ameliorate the otherwise adverse influence of plant secondary compounds on litter decomposition.Synthesis: Our results support the idea that fungus‐growing termites are generalists, as termites collected organic substrates with varying quality. The strong effect of phenolic compounds on sheeting rate implies that secondary compounds play an important role in termite substrate selection. The selective removal of substrates high in secondary compounds suggests fungus‐growing termites lift important constraints to microbial breakdown, potentially enhancing ecosystem‐level carbon and nutrient recycling rates. Termites play crucial roles in recycling organic matter across tropical biomes and our study highlights that the role of secondary compounds in their selection and detection in decomposition studies needs more attention
COVID companions: Exploring pets as social support
Authors: Sudbury‐Riley Lynn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the social support provided by domestic animals to humans during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The study comprises interviews with 39 British and American pet owners during March 2021, the point at which the UK had recently emerged from the third national lockdown and US states were under various restrictions. A thematic network approach to data analysis revealed four global themes, illustrating how pets provided buffers to the stress of the pandemic, facilitated ontological security by maintaining a sense of routine and purpose, offered myriad types of emotional support and enhanced and enabled wider social support. Taken together, these results reinforce and extend knowledge pertaining to the importance of companion animals for social support.
A qualitative exploration of the impact of educational social fields on mental health help‐seeking in post‐primary schools in Northern Ireland
Authors: Waterhouse‐Bradley Bethany , Corry Dagmar , Leavey Gerard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn a study of post‐primary students in Northern Ireland, Bourdieu’s concepts of cultural capital, habitus and fields are used to explore attitudes towards help‐seeking from general practitioners (GPs). Findings from Grammar and Secondary Modern School students are compared using the role of educational fields in influencing help‐seeking behaviours for mental health problems. Focus groups were conducted of 54 students at 10 post‐primary schools in Northern Ireland, each consisting of 5–7 pupils, stratified by age (13–17 years) and gender. The data were analysed thematically to assess attitudinal and belief patterns within school environments. Participants from both types of schools expressed reluctance to seek help from GPs for mental health concerns. However, the attitudes towards help seeking differ between grammar schools (GSs) and secondary modern schools with regards to (a) the act of help‐seeking; (b) service knowledge and medical professionalism; and (c) trust and disclosure. The field of GSs appears to produce students who feel more able and, importantly, more entitled to mental health support from health professionals. While this apparent conference of cultural norms increases some individuals’ access to services, work is required to build help‐seeking pathways which are responsive to diverse young people.
The challenges of coeliac disease at work: A contestation of the politics of inclusion
Authors: Steinhoff Anne , Warren Rebecca , Carter David , Glynos Jason 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBy focusing on the experiences of employees living with coeliac disease as evidenced in UK employment tribunal cases, this paper interrogates the way practices of exclusion are performed in legal and organisational contexts that purport to promote values of inclusion. In paying attention to how differences are constructed and negotiated, the paper unpacks the way organisational practices mobilise an array of workplace mechanisms to produce complex dynamics of exclusion. Applying Laclau and Mouffe’s logics of equivalence and difference, we show how questionable impulses and practices emerge in a workplace environment characterised by unclarity and vagueness. One impulse, for example, involves privatising and individualising the condition of employees with coeliac disease, giving rise to patronising and stigmatising attitudes that can turn them into victims. However, we also identify workplace mechanisms countering these tendencies, which can underpin forms of collective support in the struggle for recognition. Our study thus contributes to the body of sociological literature that pays attention to health‐related workplace injustices by challenging the purported promotion of health‐based inclusion through a focus on tribunal cases, leading to suggestions for further research into the way medical conditions are theorised and ‘lived’ at work.
The potential use of microalgae for nutrient supply and health enhancement in isolated and confined environments
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yang Huayu , Sun Yuying , Yan Bowen , Chen Wei , Fan Daming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExploring isolated and confined environments (IACEs), such as deep‐sea ecosystems, polar regions, and outer space, presents multiple challenges. Among these challenges, ensuring sustainable food supply over long timescales and maintaining the health of personnel are fundamental issues that must be addressed. Microalgae, as a novel food resource, possess favorable physiological and nutritional characteristics, demonstrating potential as nutritional support in IACEs. In this review, we discuss the potential of microalgae as a nutritional supplement in IACEs from four perspectives. The first section provides a theoretical foundation by reviewing the environmental adaptability and previous studies in IACEs. Subsequently, the typical nutritional components of microalgae and their bioavailability are comprehensively elucidated. And then focus on the impact of these ingredients on health enhancement and elucidate its mechanisms in IACEs. Combining the outstanding stress resistance, rich active ingredients, the potential to alleviate osteoporosis, regulate metabolism, and promote mental well‐being, microalgae demonstrate significant value for food applications. Furthermore, the development of novel microalgae biomatrices enhances health safeguards. Nevertheless, the widespread application of microalgae in IACEs still requires extensive studies and more fundamental data, necessitating further exploration into improving bioavailability, high biomass cultivation methods, and enhancing palatability.
In search of an imagined China: International students’ motivations to study in the Global South
Authors: Liu Yang , Luo Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInternational student mobility (ISM) to China is an underexplored topic, especially as it relates to mobility emanating from the Global North. Between 2019 and 2020, we interviewed 25 international students originally from Europe, North and South America, and Oceania and, using thematic analysis, analysed their decisions to study in China. The results show that these young people’s international migration patterns were motivated by a strong desire to search for a sense of home, cultural adventure, personal growth, authenticity, and abundant opportunities in China. In this light, we argue that international students’ migration decision‐making is intertwined with their imaginaries of and imaginative frames for China, which various agents formulate at the intersection of global, national, and local contexts. In the process, we reveal a geographical imaginary of ISM that has been overlooked in the existing literature.
Development and content validity of educational videos on self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst for individuals with heart failure
Authors: Costa Rossetto Sophia , Bosco Aprile Daniele Cristina , Lopes Grisante Daiane , Gomes Vancini Milena , D'Agostino Fabio , Herdman T. Heather , de Lima Lopes Juliana , Batista Santos Vinicius , Takáo Lopes Camila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo create and evaluate the content validity of educational videos on self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst for individuals with heart failure (HF).MethodA psychometric study was conducted in three stages: (1) an integrative literature review to identify strategies for self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst by individuals with HF; (2) creation of animated videos about strategies for self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst; and (3) analysis of the content validity of the educational videos by 11 experts. For each criterion, the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated; it was considered adequate when <0.636. Suggestions were evaluated by the researchers, and the videos were modified.ResultsTen scripts and videos were created, averaging 30 s each. The videos’ contents were based on 11 studies retrieved from the review and one specialized website. The videos were evaluated by experts, and adjustments were made when CVR < 0.636 and when allowed by the video production platform.ConclusionsEducational videos were developed and have satisfactory content validity evidence according to expert opinions.Implications for nursing practiceThese videos are expected to be used as educational strategies in clinical practice to prevent episodes of decompensation due to excessive fluid volume.
Illustrating the experiences of students with learning disabilities in higher education: Comics‐based representation of fieldwork findings
Authors: Chetan S. V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractComics‐based /arts‐based research is increasingly employed in anthropology and other social science disciplines. As part of my ongoing doctoral research on the experiences of young adults with learning disabilities in India, I have engaged in researcher‐produced drawings/comics to depict my fieldwork findings. In this paper, I present three single‐panel comics that illustrate experiences of “the invisibility of learning disability,” “ableism in classrooms,” and “negotiating the disability identity.” I then present three corresponding counter‐comics with alternative visualizations to depict inclusive practices in higher education. Through these, I aim to demonstrate the utility of comics in research and their potential in disability advocacy and pedagogy.
Plasma Kallistatin and Progranulin as Predictive Biomarkers of Intraamniotic Inflammation, Microbial Invasion of the Amniotic Cavity, and Composite Neonatal Morbidity/Mortality in Women With Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Park Kyo Hoon , Lee Kyong‐No , Cho Iseop , Lee Min Jung , Choi Bo Young , Jeong Da Eun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTProblemTo explore the clinical utility of nine inflammatory immune‐, adhesion‐, and extracellular matrix‐related mediators in the plasma for predicting intraamniotic inflammation and/or microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (IAI/MIAC) and composite neonatal morbidity and/or mortality (CNMM) in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) when used alone or in combination with conventional blood‐, ultrasound‐, and clinical‐based factors.Methods of StudyThis retrospective cohort comprised 173 singleton pregnant women with PPROM (24 + 0 – 33 + 6 weeks), who underwent amniocentesis. Amniotic fluid was cultured for microorganisms and assayed for IL‐6 levels. Plasma levels of AFP, CXCL14, E‐selectin, Gal‐3BP, kallistatin, progranulin, P‐selectin, TGFBI, and VDBP were determined by ELISA. Ultrasonographic cervical length (CL) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were measured.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analyses revealed significant associations between (i) decreased plasma kallistatin levels and IAI/MIAC and (ii) decreased plasma progranulin levels and increased CNMM risk after adjusting for baseline variables (e.g., gestational age at sampling [or delivery] and parity). Using stepwise regression analysis, noninvasive prediction models for IAI/MIAC and CNMM risks were developed, which included plasma progranulin levels, NLR, CL, and gestational age at sampling, and provided a good prediction of the corresponding endpoints (area under the curve: 0.79 and 0.87, respectively).ConclusionsKallistatin and progranulin are potentially valuable plasma biomarkers for predicting IAI/MIAC and CNMM in women with PPROM. Particularly, the combination of these plasma biomarkers with conventional blood‐, ultrasound‐, and clinical‐based factors can significantly support the diagnosis of IAI/MIAC and CNMM.
Crossing the rice–wheat border: Income, gender role attitudes and female subjective well‐being
Authors: Chen Xiangpo , Hu Xinyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWorking women's subjective well‐being has raised a growing interest and debate over the last few decades. The present study addresses the puzzlement of whether gender ‘neutral’ or ‘matter’ in the income‐happiness nexus by shedding new light on the rice–wheat system. The 9898 married female participants completed the interview‐questionnaire from four waves of the Chinese General Social Survey from 2012 to 2017, answering questions about subjective well‐being, time allocation, and gender role attitudes. We find a different pattern in the income‐female subjective well‐being nexus amongst rice and wheat agriculture regions. Specifically, higher income promotes female subjective well‐being in rice agriculture regions, whilst such an association is not valid in wheat agriculture regions. Women will feel stressed and unhappy in wheat agriculture regions when their income exceeds the spouses'. Further, the mechanism analyses reveals two channels that account for these results, namely, gender role attitudes and time allocation.
Comparative functional analysis reveals differential nucleotide sensitivity between human and mouse UCP1
Authors: Musiol Eva , Fromme Tobias , Hau Julia , Di Pizio Antonella , Klingenspor Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimMitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a unique protein of brown adipose tissue. Upon activation by free fatty acids, UCP1 facilitates a thermogenic net proton flux across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Non‐complexed purine nucleotides inhibit this fatty acid‐induced activity of UCP1. The most available data have been generated from rodent model systems. In light of its role as a putative pharmacological target for treating metabolic disease, in‐depth analyses of human UCP1 activity, regulation, and structural features are essential.MethodsIn the present study, we established a doxycycline‐regulated cell model with inducible human or murine UCP1 expression and conducted functional studies using respirometry comparing wild‐type and mutant variants of human UCP1.ResultsWe demonstrate that human and mouse UCP1 exhibit similar specific fatty acid‐induced activity but a different inhibitory potential of purine nucleotides. Mutagenesis of non‐conserved residues in human UCP1 revealed structural components in α‐helix 56 and α‐helix 6 crucial for uncoupling function.ConclusionComparative studies of human UCP1 with other orthologs can provide new insights into the structure–function relationship for this mitochondrial carrier and will be instrumental in searching for new activators.
MicroRNA‐210 mediates hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension by targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics and mtROS flux
Authors: Ahmed Abu Shufian Ishtiaq , Blood Arlin B. , Zhang Lubo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimChronic hypoxia is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We test the hypothesis that microRNA‐210 (miR‐210) mediates hypoxia‐induced PH by targeting mitochondrial metabolism and increasing reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production in the lungs.MethodsAdult wildtype (WT) or miR‐210 knockout (KO) mice were exposed to hypoxia (10.5% O2) or normoxia for 4 weeks. We measured miR‐210 levels, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), and histological changes in heart and lung tissues. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and mtROS production were assessed in isolated lung mitochondria.ResultsHypoxia increased right ventricular wall thickness and pulmonary vessel wall muscularization in WT, but not miR‐210 KO mice. No sex differences were observed. In male mice, hypoxia increased miR‐210 levels in the lung and RVSP, which were abrogated by miR‐210 deficiency. Hypoxia upregulated mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and mtROS flux, which were negated in miR‐210 KO animals. In addition, chronic hypoxia increased macrophage accumulation in lungs of WT, but not miR‐210 KO mice. Moreover, miR‐210 overexpression in lungs of WT animals recapitulated the effects of hypoxia and increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, mtROS flux, right ventricular wall thickness, pulmonary vessel wall muscularization and RVSP. MitoQ revoked the effects of miR‐210 on lung mitochondrial bioenergetics, right ventricular and pulmonary vessel remodeling and RVSP.ConclusionOur findings with loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function approaches provide explicit evidence that miR‐210 mediates hypoxia‐induced PH by upregulating mitochondrial bioenergetics and mtROS production in a murine model, revealing new insights into the mechanisms and therapeutic targets for treatment of PH.