bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice transgene flow: its patterns, model and risk management
Authors: Jia Shirong , Yuan Qianhua , Pei Xinwu , Wang Feng , Hu Ning , Yao Kemin , Wang Zhixing 
Published: November 2014

SummaryProgress has been made in a 12 year's systemic study on the rice transgene flow including (i) with experiments conducted at multiple locations and years using up to 21 pollen recipients, we have elucidated the patterns of transgene flow to different types of rice. The frequency to male sterile lines is 101 and 103 higher than that to O. rufipogon and rice cultivars. Wind speed and direction are the key meteorological factors affecting rice transgene flow. (ii) A regional applicable rice gene flow model is established and used to predict the maximum threshold distances (MTDs) of gene flow during 30 years in 993 major rice producing counties of southern China. The MTD0.1% for rice cultivars is basically ≤5 m in the whole region, despite climate differs significantly at diverse locations and years. This figure is particularly valuable for the commercialization and regulation of transgenic rice. (iii) The long‐term fate of transgene integrated into common wild rice was investigated. Results demonstrated that the F1 hybrids of transgenic rice/O. rufipogon gradually disappeared within 3–5 years, and the Bt or bar gene was not detectable in the mixed population, suggesting the O. rufipogon may possess a strong mechanism of exclusiveness for self‐protection. (iv) The flowering time isolation and a 2‐m‐high cloth‐screen protection were proved to be effective in reducing transgene flow. We have proposed to use a principle of classification and threshold management for different types of rice.
Genomic selection in hybrid breeding
Authors: Zhao Yusheng , Mette Michael F. , Reif Jochen C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWhile hybrid breeding is widely applied in outbreeding species, for many self‐pollinating crop plants, it has only recently been established. This may have had its reason in the limitations of methods available for hybrid performance prediction, in particular when established heterotic pools were absent. Genomic selection has been suggested as a promising approach to resolve these limitations. In our review, we briefly introduce the principles of genomic selection as an extension of marker‐assisted selection using genome‐wide high‐density molecular marker data and discuss the advantages and limitations of currently used algorithms. Including the outcome from a recent extended approach to hybrid wheat as a timely example, we summarize current progress in empirical studies on the application of genomic selection for prediction of hybrid performance. Here, we put emphasis on the factors affecting the accuracy of prediction, pointing in particular to the relevance of relatedness, genotype x environment interaction and experimental design. Finally, we discuss future research needs and potential applications.
High‐risk age window for mortality in children with cystic fibrosis after lung transplantation
Authors: Hayes Don , McCoy Karen S. , Whitson Bryan A. , Mansour Heidi M. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLTx in children with CF remains controversial. The UNOS database was queried from 1987 to 2013 for CF patients <18 yr of age at time of transplant. PCHR model was used to quantify hazard of mortality. 489 recipients were included in the survival analysis. The hazard function of post‐transplant mortality was plotted over attained age to identify age window of highest risk, which was 16–20 yr. Unadjusted PCHR model revealed ages immediately after the high‐risk window were characterized by lower hazard of mortality (HR = 0.472; 95% CI = 0.302, 0.738; p = 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders, the decline in mortality hazard immediately after the high‐risk window remained statistically significant (HR = 0.394; 95% CI: 0.211, 0.737; p = 0.004). Hazard of mortality in children with CF after LTx was highest between 16 and 20 yr of attained age and declined thereafter.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVA+UVB) and Copper on the Morphology, Ultrastructural Organization and Physiological Responses of the Red Alga Pterocladiella capillacea
Authors: Schmidt Éder C. , Kreusch Marianne , Felix Marthiellen R. de L. , Pereira Debora T. , Costa Giulia B. , Simioni Carmen , Ouriques Luciane C. , Farias‐Soares Francine L. , Steiner Neusa , Chow Fungyi , Ramlov Fernanda , Maraschin Marcelo , Bouzon Zenilda L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and copper (Cu) on apical segments of Pterocladiella capillacea was examined under two different conditions of radiation, PAR (control) and PAR+UVA+UVB (PAR+UVAB), and three copper concentrations, ranging from 0 (control) to 0.62, 1.25 and 2.50 μm. Algae were exposed in vitro to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at 70 μmol photons m−2 s−1, PAR + UVB at 0.35 W m−2 and PAR +UVA at 0.70 W m−2 during a 12‐h photocycle for 3 h each day for 7 days. The effects of radiation and copper on growth rates, content of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic performance were analyzed. In addition, samples were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. The content of photosynthetic pigments decreased after exposure to radiation and Cu. Compared with PAR radiation and copper treatments modified the kinetics patterns of the photosynthesis/irradiance curve. The treatments also caused changes in the ultrastructure of cortical and subcortical cells, including increased cell wall thickness and accumulation of plastoglobuli, as well as changes in the organization of chloroplasts. The results indicate that the synergistic interaction between UV radiation and Cu in P. capillacea, led to the failure of protective mechanisms and causing more drastic changes and cellular imbalances.
Short‐term food deprivation increases amplitudes of heartbeat‐evoked potentials
Authors: Schulz André , Ferreira de Sá Diana S. , Dierolf Angelika M. , Lutz Annika , van Dyck Zoé , Vögele Claus , Schächinger Hartmut 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNutritional state (i.e., fasting or nonfasting) may affect the processing of interoceptive signals, but mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. We investigated 16 healthy women on two separate days: when satiated (standardized food intake) and after an 18‐h food deprivation period. On both days, heartbeat‐evoked potentials (HEPs) and cardiac and autonomic nervous system activation indices (heart rate, normalized low frequency heart rate variability [nLF HRV]) were assessed. The HEP is an EEG pattern that is considered an index of cortical representation of afferent cardiovascular signals. Average HEP activity (R wave +455–595 ms) was enhanced during food deprivation compared to normal food intake. Cardiac activation did not differ between nutritional conditions. Our results indicate that short‐term food deprivation amplifies an electrophysiological correlate of the cortical representation of visceral‐afferent signals originating from the cardiovascular system. This effect could not be attributed to increased cardiac activation, as estimated by heart rate and nLF HRV, after food deprivation.
Tracing an Outline of Legal Complexity
Authors: Webb Thomas E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAutopoiesis and systems theory are terms often treated as synonymous by lawyers. This sleight‐of‐phrase elides the space between autopoiesis and systems theory, removing its content. Within this eliminated space there exist numerous understandings of systems approaches in law; one such understanding is complexity theory. Complexity theory entails a very different systems view of law to that of autopoiesis. In this paperIexplore the concepts of complexity and their relevance to law. In tracing an outline of complexity, a number of contradictions, paradoxes, and additional questions are exposed which require further detailed analysis in the future.
What Is Neutrality?
Authors: Pierik Roland , Van der Burg Wibren 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper reinvestigates the question of liberal neutrality. We contend that current liberal discussions have been dominated—if not hijacked—by one particular interpretation of what neutrality could imply: namely, exclusive neutrality, aiming to exclude religious and cultural expressions from the public sphere. We will argue that this is merely one among several relevant interpretations. To substantiate our claim, we will first elaborate upon inclusive neutrality by formulating two supplementary interpretations: proportional neutrality and compensatory neutrality. Second, we will argue that inclusive proportional neutrality is the most appropriate interpretation in many contexts. Our discussion highlights the fact that some political disputes should not be seen in terms of the antithesis between liberal neutrality and illiberal alternatives but, instead, as a clash between various valid but incompatible interpretations of what liberal neutrality may imply.
New developments and biological insights into the farming of Solea senegalensis reinforcing its aquaculture potential
Authors: Morais Sofia , Aragão Cláudia , Cabrita Elsa , Conceição Luís E.C. , Constenla Maria , Costas Benjamín , Dias Jorge , Duncan Neil , Engrola Sofia , Estevez Alicia , Gisbert Enric , Mañanós Evaristo , Valente Luísa M. P. , Yúfera Manuel , Dinis Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSenegalese sole was one of the earliest identified candidate species with high potential for aquaculture diversification in the south of Europe. Its culture has been possible, and commercially attempted, for several decades, but intensive production has been slow to take off. This has been explained mostly by serious disease problems, high mortality at weaning, variable growth and poor juvenile quality. However, a strong and sustained research investment that started in the eighties has led to a better understanding of the requirements and particularities of this species. More recently, better management and technical improvements have been introduced, which have led to important progress in productivity and given a new impetus to the cultivation of Senegalese sole. As a result, the last 5 years have marked a probable turning point in the culture of sole towards the development of a knowledge‐driven, competitive and sustainable industry. This review will focus on the main technical improvements and advances in the state of knowledge that have been made in the last decade in areas as diverse as reproductive biology, behaviour, physiology, nutritional requirements, modulation of the immune system in response to environmental parameters and stress, and characterization and mitigation of the main disease threats. It is now clear that Senegalese sole has important particularities that differentiate it from other current and candidate marine aquaculture species, which bring about important challenges, some still unsolved, but also notable opportunities (e.g. a nutritional physiology that is better adapted to dietary vegetable ingredients), as will be discussed here.
Econometric Analyses of Home Bias in Government Procurement
Authors: Shingal Anirudh 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe extent of discrimination in government procurement and its impact on economic efficiency has attracted both theoretical and analytical work, but little econometric evidence. We bridge this gap by building a new sector‐level dataset on domestic and foreign purchases by Japanese and Swiss governments over 1990–2003 to undertake “new” econometric analyses. Unlike previous work, we explain home‐bias using variables inspired by the political economy, trade‐macroeconomic and procurement literatures. We also provide “new” econometric evidence for previous theoretical predictions. Our results reveal the importance of domestic‐foreign productivity differences in governments’ cross‐border purchases and also support previous theoretical predictions. However, Membership of the World Trade Organizations's Agreement on Government Procurement is not found to increase market access.
Assessment of biodiversity in Chilean cattle using the distribution of major histocompatibility complex class IIBoLA‐DRB3 allele
Authors: Takeshima S.‐N. , Miyasaka T. , Matsumoto Y. , Xue G. , de la Barra Diaz V. , Rogberg‐Muñoz A. , Giovambattista G. , Ortiz M. , Oltra J. , Kanemaki M. , Onuma M. , Aida Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBovine leukocyte antigens (BoLAs) are used extensively as markers for bovine disease and immunological traits. In this study, we estimated BoLA‐DRB3 allele frequencies using 888 cattle from 10 groups, including seven cattle breeds and three crossbreeds: 99 Red Angus, 100 Black Angus, 81 Chilean Wagyu, 49 Hereford, 95 Hereford × Angus, 71 Hereford × Jersey, 20 Hereford × Overo Colorado, 113 Holstein, 136 Overo Colorado, and 124 Overo Negro cattle. Forty‐six BoLA‐DRB3 alleles were identified, and each group had between 12 and 29 different BoLA‐DRB3 alleles. Overo Negro had the highest number of alleles (29); this breed is considered in Chile to be an ‘Old type’ European Holstein Friesian descendant. By contrast, we detected 21 alleles in Holstein cattle, which are considered to be a ‘Present type’ Holstein Friesian cattle. Chilean cattle groups and four Japanese breeds were compared by neighbor‐joining trees and a principal component analysis (PCA). The phylogenetic tree showed that Red Angus and Black Angus cattle were in the same clade, crossbreeds were closely related to their parent breeds, and Holstein cattle from Chile were closely related to Holstein cattle in Japan. Overall, the tree provided a thorough description of breed history. It also showed that the Overo Negro breed was closely related to the Holstein breed, consistent with historical data indicating that Overo Negro is an ‘Old type’ Holstein Friesian cattle. This allelic information will be important for investigating the relationship between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and disease.
Persistence of recipient‐derived as well as donor‐derived clones of cytomegalovirus pp65‐specific cytotoxic T cells long after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Terasako‐Saito K. , Nakasone H. , Tanaka Y. , Yamazaki R. , Sato M. , Sakamoto K. , Ishihara Y. , Kawamura K. , Akahoshi Y. , Hayakawa J. , Wada H. , Harada N. , Nakano H. , Kameda K. , Ugai T. , Yamasaki R. , Ashizawa M. , Kimura S.‐I. , Kikuchi M. , Tanihara A. , Kanda J. , Kako S. , Nishida J. , Kanda Y. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV)‐specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CMV‐CTLs) play a crucial role in preventing CMV disease. However, the actual in vivo dynamics of CMV‐CTL clones after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHCT) are still unclear.MethodsUsing a single‐cell T‐cell receptor repertoire analysis, we monitored clones and chimerism of CMV‐CTLs in 3 CMV‐seropositive alloHCT recipients from CMV‐seronegative donors, with or without CMV reactivation.ResultsNearly all of the CMV‐CTLs during follow‐up were CD45RA−CCR7− effector memory/CD45RA+CCR7− effector T cells, and were highly matured. In each case, the use of BV gene families was restricted, especially in BV5, 7, 28, and 29. Although no common predominant CMV‐CTL clones were found, several shared motifs of complementarity‐determining region‐3 were identified among the 3 cases; QGA in all, TGE and TDT in Case 1 and Case 2, and RDRG in Case 2 and Case 3. In all cases, CMV‐CTL clones that were detected for the first time after alloHCT persisted as the dominant clones. In Case 1, without CMV reactivation, recipient‐derived CMV‐CTLs exclusively persisted as a dominant clone, while all CMV‐CTLs in the other 2 cases, with CMV reactivation, were donor derived.ConclusionClone monitoring and chimerism analyses should help to further clarify novel aspects of immuno‐reconstitution after alloHCT.
Hypertension, cardiovascular risk factors and antihypertensive medication utilisation among HIV‐infected individuals in Rakai, Uganda
Authors: Sander Laura D. , Newell Kevin , Ssebbowa Paschal , Serwadda David , Quinn Thomas C. , Gray Ronald H. , Wawer Maria J. , Mondo George , Reynolds Steven 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of hypertension, elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors among HIV‐positive individuals in rural Rakai District, Uganda.MethodsWe assessed 426 HIV‐positive individuals in Rakai, Uganda from 2007 to 2010. Prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure assessed by clinical measurement was compared to clinician‐recorded hypertension in case report forms. Multiple logistic regression and z‐tests were used to examine the association of hypertension and elevated blood pressure with age, sex, body mass index (BMI), CD4 cell count and antiretroviral treatment (ART) use. For individuals on antihypertensives, medication utilisation was reviewed.ResultsThe prevalence of hypertension (two elevated blood pressure readings at different time points) was 8.0% (95% CI: 5.4–10.6%), and that of elevated blood pressure (one elevated blood pressure reading) was 26.3% (95% CI: 22.1–30.5%). Age ≥50 years and higher BMI were positively associated with elevated blood pressure. ART use, time on ART and CD4 cell count were not associated with hypertension. Eighty‐three percent of subjects diagnosed with hypertension were on antihypertensive medications, most commonly beta‐blockers and calcium channel blockers.ConclusionsHypertension is common among HIV‐positive individuals in rural Uganda.
Porcine urinary bladder extracellular matrix grafts (ACell Vet®Corneal Discs) for keratomalacia in 17 equids (2012–2013)
Authors: Mancuso Laura A. , Lassaline Mary , Scherrer Nicole M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical course, outcomes, and complications associated with use of commercially available porcine urinary bladder extracellular matrix (ECM) grafts (ACell Vet® Corneal Discs) in equid patients with keratomalacia, and to evaluate the efficacy of ECM grafts as a viable alternative to other biomaterials for corneal grafting in equid patients.AnimalsSixteen horses and one donkey (17 eyes) with unilateral keratomalacia severe enough to warrant surgical repair between August 2012 and September 2013.ProcedureRetrospective medical record review to identify equid patients meeting inclusion criteria of (i) diagnosis with keratomalacia severe enough to warrant surgical repair and (ii) surgical repair with an extracellular matrix graft.ResultsEleven geldings, four mares, and two colts met inclusion criteria. Patients averaged 9 years of age. Twelve of 17 eyes (71%) were considered infected based on either corneal cytology (10/17, or 59%) or corneal culture (12/17, or 71%) positive for bacteria (8/17, or 47%) or fungi (9/17, or 53%). At the time topical medications were discontinued, 16 eyes (94%) were visual. One operated eye ruptured 5 days postoperatively and was enucleated. Keratouveitis developed in 14/14 eyes that underwent regular examinations approximately 2 weeks postoperatively which responded to systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug therapy.ConclusionsExtracellular matrix grafts may be a viable alternative to other biomaterials for corneal grafting in equids. Advantages include commercial availability and shelf storage.
Reviewing change in the arable flora of Europe: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Richner N , Holderegger R , Linder H P , Walter T 
Published: November 2014

SummaryChanging agricultural practices have dramatically altered the arable flora of Europe since the Second World War. We conducted a meta‐analysis of the available literature to assess the dynamics of species richness and species traits in the arable flora across Europe during this time period. We found a total of 32 publications, yielding 53 data sets with an average number of 252 studied plots per data set. Average species number per plot of arable plants across all data sets declined by about 20%. However, twelve data sets showed an increase in average species number per plot, including all studies starting after 1980. Plant species preferring nutrient‐rich sites, neophytes and monocotyledons generally increased since 1980, while characteristic or threatened species of arable weed communities further declined. This temporal development of the European arable flora suggests that the changes happening in agricultural management since the 1980s, such as organic farming and reduced pesticide input, may have helped slow the decline of the arable flora in terms of species number, but not in terms of characteristic or threatened arable weeds. Hence, more specific measures are necessary to stop decline of the latter, making sure that these measures are advantageous for rare and characteristic arable species, but not for harmful weeds.
Stabilizing Dog Populations and Improving Animal and Public Health Through a Participatory Approach in Indigenous Communities
Authors: Schurer J. M. , Phipps K. , Okemow C. , Beatch H. , Jenkins E. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryFree‐roaming dog populations are a global concern for animal and human health including transmission of infectious disease (e.g. rabies, distemper and parasites), dog bite injuries/mortalities, animal welfare and adverse effects on wildlife. In Saskatchewan (SK), Canada, veterinary care is difficult to access in the remote and sparsely inhabited northern half of the province, where the population is predominately Indigenous. Even where veterinary clinics are readily available, there are important barriers such as cost, lack of transportation, unique cultural perspectives on dog husbandry and perceived need for veterinary care. We report the effects of introducing a community action plan designed to improve animal and human health, increase animal health literacy and benefit community well‐being in two Indigenous communities where a dog‐related child fatality recently occurred. Initial door‐to‐door dog demographic surveys indicated that most dogs were sexually intact (92% of 382 dogs), and few had ever been vaccinated (6%) or dewormed (6%). Approximately three animal‐related injuries requiring medical care were reported in the communities per 1000 persons per year (95% CL: 1.6–6.6), and approximately 86% of 145 environmentally collected dog faecal samples contained parasites, far above levels reported in other urban or rural settings in SK. Following two subsidized spay/neuter clinics and active rehoming of dogs, parasite levels in dog faeces decreased significantly (P < 0.001), and important changes were observed in the dog demographic profile. This project demonstrates the importance of engaging people using familiar, local resources and taking a community specific approach. As well, it highlights the value of integrated, cross‐jurisdictional cooperation, utilizing the resources of university researchers, veterinary personnel, public health, environmental health and community‐based advocates to work together to solve complex issues in One Health. On‐going surveillance on dog bites, parasite levels and dog demographics are needed to measure the long‐term sustainability of benefits to dog, human and wildlife health.