bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic analysis of a highly loaded compressor in semi‐closed cycles using a throughflow method
Authors: Li Bo , Gu Chun‐wei , Song Yin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper outlines the aerodynamic performance of a highly loaded 5‐stage compressor in a conceptual semi‐closed cycle. An in‐house throughflow computation procedure that has been proven to be a powerful tool in aerodynamic analysis for modern compressors is applied to simulate the compressor. The influences of changes in physical properties of the working medium with varying ratios of exhaust CO2 recirculation are considered in the computation. A series of numerical simulations is conducted with two settings depending on whether the rotational speed is set to obey the criterion of similarity. For the identical non‐dimensional speed parameter, the compressor can operate stably with pure CO2 as the working fluid. The distributions of aerodynamic parameters undergo no big differences under various CO2 contents; however, a somewhat little higher loss is observed for the 5th stage. When the absolute rotational speed is set according to the originally designed value, the compressor can bear a 25% CO2 content at the cost of a substantially narrowed working range, and a recirculation ratio of approximately 10% is a safe threshold value. The aerodynamic configuration also undergoes a notable redistribution given these circumstances; the load of the front stages is reduced, but the rear stages become the risk factors at near stall condition. This research reveals that from the compressor design point of view, a semi‐closed cycle is feasible using existing technology and that compressor modifications are needed according to situational requirements. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Cytoplasmic sulfur trafficking in sulfur‐oxidizing prokaryotes
Authors: Dahl Christiane 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPersulfide groups are chemically versatile and participate in a wide array of biochemical pathways. Although it is well documented that persulfurated proteins supply a number of important and elaborate biosynthetic pathways with sulfane sulfur, it is far less acknowledged that the enzymatic generation of persulfidic sulfur, the successive transfer of sulfur as a persulfide between multiple proteins, and the oxidation of sulfane sulfur in protein‐bound form are also essential steps during dissimilatory sulfur oxidation in bacteria and archaea. Here, the currently available information on sulfur trafficking in sulfur oxidizing prokaryotes is reviewed, and the idea is discussed that sulfur is always presented to cytoplasmic oxidizing enzymes in a protein‐bound form, thus preventing the occurrence of free sulfide inside of the prokaryotic cell. Thus, sulfur trafficking emerges as a central element in sulfur‐oxidizing pathways, and TusA homologous proteins appear to be central and common elements in these processes. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):268–274, 2015
Downregulation of solute carriers of glutamate in gliosomes and synaptosomes may explain local brain metastasis in anaplastic glioblastoma
Authors: Tong Huaiyu , Yu Xinguang , Lu Xuechun , Wang Peng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAdvanced grades of glioblastoma are highly aggressive, especially in terms of multisite spread within the brain or even to distant sites at the spinal cord. In advanced grades of glioblastoma, glutamate and glutamine are reported to be increased in concentration in the extracellular fluid. It has been reported that glutamate acts as an extracellular signaling molecule for facilitating local spread of advanced grades of glioblastoma. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether glutamate uptake mechanisms is impaired in advanced glioblastoma. The possible downregulated mechanisms of glutamate uptake would facilitate persistence of glutamate in the extracellular environment, rather than intracellular uptake. We obtained biobanked human specimens of glioblastoma and tested expression of proteins belonging to the solute carrier families of proteins that are known to function as membrane‐located excitatory amino acid like glutamate transporters. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the downregulation of membrane expression of excitatory amino acid transporters solute carrier family 1 member 3 (SLC1A3) and its palmitoylated form in gliosomes, as well as SLC1A2 in the glio‐synaptosomes. Compounds like riluzole used in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the antibiotic ceftriaxone have the potential to facilitate glutamate uptake. These medications may be examined as adjunct chemotherapy in the massively aggressive tumor glioblastoma multiforme. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(4):306–311, 2015
Fructosylation generates neo‐epitopes on human serum albumin
Authors: Allarakha Shaziya , Ahmad Parvez , Ishtikhar Mohd , Zaheer Mohammad Shoaib , Siddiqi Sheelu Shafiq , Moinuddin  , Ali Asif 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHyperglycemia is the defining feature of diabetes mellitus. The persistently high levels of reducing sugars like glucose and fructose cause glycation of various macromolecules in the body. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant serum protein with a myriad of functions, is prone to glycation and consequent alteration in its structural and biological properties. This study aimed to assess the role of fructose‐modified human serum albumin as a marker of diabetic pathophysiology. We carried out modification of HSA with fructose and the changes induced were studied by various physicochemical studies. Fructose modified‐HSA showed hyperchromicity in UV spectrum and increased AGE‐specific fluorescence as well as quenching of tryptophan fluorescence. In SDS‐PAGE protein aggregation was seen. Amadori products were detected by NBT. The fructose modified HSA had higher content of carbonyls along with perturbations in secondary structure as revealed by CD and FT‐IR. A greater hydrodynamic radius of fructose‐modified HSA was evident by DLS measurement. The fructose‐modified HSA induced high titre antibodies in experimental animals exhibiting high specificity towards the immunogen. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 2015 67(5):338–347, 2015
Improved quantification and mapping of anomalous pulmonary venous flow with four‐dimensional phase‐contrast MRI and interactive streamline rendering
Authors: Hsiao Albert , Yousaf Ufra , Alley Marcus T. , Lustig Michael , Chan Frandics Pak , Newman Beverley , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundCardiac MRI is routinely performed for quantification of shunt flow in patients with anomalous pulmonary veins, but can be technically‐challenging to perform. Four‐dimensional phase‐contrast (4D‐PC) MRI has potential to simplify this exam. We sought to determine whether 4D‐PC may be a viable clinical alternative to conventional 2D phase‐contrast MR imaging.MethodsWith institutional review board approval and HIPAA‐compliance, we retrospectively identified all patients with anomalous pulmonary veins who underwent cardiac MRI at either 1.5 Tesla (T) or 3T with parallel‐imaging compressed‐sensing (PI‐CS) 4D‐PC between April, 2011 and October, 2013. A total of 15 exams were included (10 male, 5 female). Algorithms for interactive streamline visualization were developed and integrated into in‐house software. Blood flow was measured at the valves, pulmonary arteries and veins, cavae, and any associated shunts. Pulmonary veins were mapped to their receiving atrial chamber with streamlines. The intraobserver, interobserver, internal consistency of flow measurements, and consistency with conventional MRI were then evaluated with Pearson correlation and Bland‐Altman analysis.ResultsTriplicate measurements of blood flow from 4D‐PC were highly consistent, particularly at the aortic and pulmonary valves (cv 2–3%). Flow measurements were reproducible by a second observer (ρ = 0.986–0.999). Direct measurements of shunt volume from anomalous veins and intracardiac shunts matched indirect estimates from the outflow valves (ρ = 0.966). Measurements of shunt fraction using 4D‐PC using any approach were more consistent with ventricular volumetric displacements than conventional 2D‐PC (ρ = 0.972–0.991 versus 0.929).ConclusionShunt flow may be reliably quantified with 4D‐PC MRI, either indirectly or with detailed delineation of flow from multiple shunts. The 4D‐PC may be a more accurate alternative to conventional MRI. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1765–1776.
Comparing tract‐based spatial statistics and manual region‐of‐Interest labeling as diffusion analysis methods to detect white matter abnormalities in infants with hypoxic‐Ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Ly Monica T. , Nanavati Tania U. , Frum Christopher A. , Pergami Paola 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo compare manual region of interest (ROI) labeling and tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) by their ability to detect group‐wise differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the neonatal brain.Materials and MethodsDiffusion‐weighted data were obtained for nine infants with hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (six males, three females; gestational age [GA] range, 36–40 weeks; mean GA, 37.8 weeks) and 11 healthy‐control infants (10 males, 1 female; GA range, 36–40 weeks; mean GA, 38.4 weeks) at 3T. For manual ROI labeling, ROIs were drawn freehand for each subject in eight, clinically relevant brain regions. For TBSS, all FA data underwent an optimized, automated protocol for neonates. Each method was evaluated for detection of decreased FA in HIE infants, sensitivity, specificity, and variability.ResultsFA values from manual ROI and TBSS were strongly correlated (r = 0.94, P < 0.0001). Both methods found decreased FA in most ROIs for HIE infants. There was no significant interaction between method and group, indicating a similar ability to detect FA differences (F(1,19) = 0.599, P = 0.449). Sensitivity (manual: 0.709, TBSS: 0.694, 95% CI [–0.136, 0.163], P = 0.856), specificity (manual and TBSS: 0.716, 95% CI [–0.133, 0.133], P = 1), and standard error (manual: 0.009, TBSS: 0.007) were comparable.ConclusionManual ROI labeling and TBSS are comparable methods of diffusion analysis to detect group differences in FA in the neonatal brain. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2015;42:1689–1697.
Boundary objects in information science research: An approach for explicating connections between collections, cultures and communities
Authors: Huvila Isto , Anderson Theresa Dirndorfer , Jansen Eva Hourihan , McKenzie Pam , Westbrook Lynn , Worrall Adam 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBoundary objects (BO) are abstract or physical artefacts that reside in the interfaces between organisations or groups of people. The concept of BO, introduced by Star and Griesemer in an article in 1989, has been used in a broad variety of studies in different research communities from management to computer science and different fields of information science. The aim of this panel, composed of experienced BO researchers, is to provide an overview of and introduction to the state of the art of information science research informed by the theory for the researchers and practitioners participating in the conference; to illustrate the variety of studies and contexts in which the notion of BOs can be found useful in explicating connections between collections, cultures and communities; and to push forward the state of the art of BO‐oriented information science research by discussing new empirical and practical areas of interest and the theory itself.
Understanding networked youth and online privacy: Questions, methods and implications
Authors: Greyson Devon , Agosto Denise E. , Meyers Eric , Subramaniam Mega , Abbas June 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTYoung people's social practices online and use of digital media have been conceptualized both as an opportunity and a threat to society. While the mass media has often focused on moral panic related to dramatic examples of social media‐related harm to young people, research within Library and Information Science has taken multiple methodological approaches to investigate the ways digital youth navigate and negotiate privacy in online spaces. Findings from such studies offer insight into youth cultures and technology design that supports online privacy.This panel will demonstrate a variety of projects and approaches that have been taken to investigate privacy issues related to young people's online interactions and practices, and the social and design implications of emerging findings for our understanding of young people and online privacy. We will also lead audience members in an interactive brainstorming session centered around various research scenarios, asking participants to consider the strengths and weaknesses of specific research questions and methods in addressing adults’ concerns related to youth and online privacy. We will conclude with an interactive discussion of recommended future research directions for enhancing our understanding of young people's privacy practices.
Searching as learning: Novel measures for information interaction research
Authors: Rieh Soo Young , Gwizdka Jacek , Freund Luanne , Collins‐Thompson Kevyn 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThere is growing recognition of the importance of learning as a search outcome and of the need to provide support for it. Yet, before we can consider learning as a part of search, we need to know how to assess it. This panel will focus on methods and measures for assessing learning in the context of search tasks and their outcomes. The panel will be interactive as the audience will be encouraged to engage in contributing their own experiences and ideas related to measures and methods to study learning as a part of search processes. Ideas and experiences with explicit and implicit indicators of learning and with evaluating learning outcomes will be shared during a dialogue between the audience and panelists. Outcomes from the panel discussions will contribute to formulating a research agenda for “search as learning.” The outcomes will be shared with the audience (and the wider ASIST community).
Credibility perceptions of content contributors and consumers in social media
Authors: Rieh Soo Young , Morris Meredith Ringel , Metzger Miriam J. , Francke Helena , Jeon Grace YoungJoo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis panel addresses information credibility issues in the context of social media. During this panel, participants will discuss people's credibility perceptions of online content in social media from the perspectives of both content contributors and consumers. Each panelist will bring her own perspective on credibility issues in various social media, including Twitter (Morris), Wikipedia (Metzger; Francke), blogs (Rieh), and social Q&A (Jeon). This panel aims to flesh out multi‐disciplinary approaches to the investigation of credibility and discuss integrated conceptual frameworks and future research directions focusing on assessing and establishing credibility in social media.
Multi‐aspect information use task performance: The roles of topic knowledge, task structure, and task stage
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Belkin Nicholas J. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTInformation search, quite often, is not an isolated activity, but is accompanied by the use of the located information to generate some outcome. Frequently seen are “complex” tasks that consist of multiple aspects and can be divided into sub‐tasks and/or finished in multiple sessions. This paper explores how search systems may help users with their multi‐aspect tasks by examining whether, and how user knowledge and task structure play roles in leading to better work task performance. A 3‐session lab experiment was conducted with 24 participants, each coming 3 times to work on 3 subtasks of a general task, couched either as the “parallel” or the “dependent” structure type. The overall task was to write a report on the general topic, with interim documents produced for each subtask. Results show that users’ previous knowledge of task topics positively correlated with task performance, but the evolving and the exit knowledge did not. Neither task session nor task structure significantly affected session task performance. However, there was a tendency that those users with different levels of task knowledge performed differently in different tasks: higher knowledge users tended to perform better in the parallel task than in the dependent; lower knowledge users tended to perform better in the dependent task than in the parallel. These results can possibly be explained by users’ searching and writing behaviors. Our findings help understand factors influencing information use task performance, and have implications on designing personalized systems that support information use task accomplishment.
Encoded Archival Description: Data Quality and Analysis
Authors: Francisco‐Revilla Luis , Trace Ciaran B. , Li Haoyang , Buchanan Sarah A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to authenticate the meaning of collections and to preserve their evidentiary value, archivists create documents (finding aids) that describe the provenance and original order of the records (MacNeil, ). Metadata standards such as Encoded Archival Description (EAD) enable finding aids to be encoded, searched, and displayed online. However, recent research has begun to draw attention to problems with the quality of EAD finding aid data and metadata, and the encoding practices by which finding aids are created. Since the next frontier in archival description involves reusing finding aid data for advanced information visualization techniques that support additional ways of engaging with collections, there is a pressing need for further study of data quality and how it might impact information visualization. This work analyzes a set of 8729 finding aids aggregated by the Texas Archival Repository Online (TARO) using VADA, a visual analytic tool for finding aids. The results show previously unidentified problems that have significant impact on the ability to visualize this data. The paper explains how these problems relate to both EAD's design and the actual encoding practices of EAD, and provides recommendations for improving the quality of finding aid data.
Where Does All the Data Go: Quantifying the Final Disposition of Research Data
Authors: Kowalczyk Stacy T. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the results of a large survey designed to quantify the final disposition of research data and to determine the extent that the key factors of repository technologies and data management resources influence the decisions that researchers make about their data. A total of 724 National Science Foundation awardees completed this survey. Removable media devices such as CDs, DVDs, and removable hard drives are the most common storage technologies. Less than 30% of researchers use community or reference repositories. More than half of the researchers get storage through their institutions. Institutional support for storage is significantly higher than for data management. The key finding of this research is that the availability of resources is the most significant indicator of whether the final deposition of data is in a preservation‐worthy manner. Resources, provided by the research institution or via grant funding, include storage technologies, repository systems, and data management personnel. When high quality data storage is offered, researchers will use it. When professional data managers are available, data is more likely to be stored in more sustainable technologies.
The influence of community demographics on new public library facilities
Authors: Adkins Denice C. , Haggerty Kenneth C. , Haggerty Thomas M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe location of a public library is critical to information access. Previous research suggests that public libraries closures disproportionately affect poor and ethnic communities, thus limiting their access to information. Using GIS technology, library location, and county‐level Census data, we examine where libraries open facilities, in order to determine whether libraries make equitable opening decisions. Our results suggest that public library outlet openings also occur in locations that are accessible to poor and ethnic communities. After isolating rural libraries, however, we find that new library outlets tend to go in less diverse areas. This suggests that access to resources is limited, and deliberate choices may be made about who ultimately benefits from tax‐funded services.
Ship space to database: Motivations to manage research data for the deep subseafloor biosphere
Authors: Darch Peter T. , Borgman Christine L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWhat motivates data management strategies of scientific collaborations? In this paper, we argue that infrastructures for data management are designed to support scientific work per se and to perform a variety of social functions. We present findings from a longitudinal ethnographic case study of a large, multidisciplinary, distributed scientific project studying subseafloor microbial life. A critical element of this project's plan for data management is to construct an online portal that includes a data registry and data repository. We found that a range of factors motivate the construction of these systems and their features. In addition to scientific concerns for curation and accessibility of diverse and scarce data, we argue that the building of the registry and repository is also motivated by social factors. One factor is the attempt to build a community of domain researchers to endure beyond the end of this project in 2020. Another is the potential use of the registry and database as tools to demonstrate the productivity of the project in negotiations about the allocation of ocean drilling cruise resources. Considering the social and scientific factors together enriches accounts of how knowledge infrastructures are constructed.
The social shaping of cloud computing: An ethnography of infrastructure in east St. Louis, Illinois
Authors: Rhinesmith Colin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper presents findings from an ethnographic study of cloud computing in a human services organization in East St. Louis, Illinois. Previous social informatics studies have focused on the impact of computerization on urban welfare organizations. This research instead uses a “social shaping of technology” perspective to investigate the ways in which broader social, political, and economic forces shape cloud computerization and its consequences within a nonprofit organization that administers government‐funded social welfare programs. The findings illustrate how the infrastructural tensions between external stakeholder demands and internal organizational needs significantly influenced a cloud computing software implementation project. In presenting this infrastructural analysis, I seek to fill a gap in the literature on the social shaping of cloud computing and its consequences in U.S. industrial suburbs, such as East St. Louis, where high rates of poverty exist.