bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep‐Blue Phosphorescent Emitters with Phosphoryl Groups for Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Solution Processes
Authors: Yun Hui‐Jun , Kim Kwon‐Hyeon , Kang So‐hee , Kim Jang‐Joo , Kim Yun‐Hi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe new deep‐blue iridium complex, Ir(dppfm)2pic, consisting of a phosphoryl group at the 3′‐position of the phenyl ring and a methyl group at the 4‐position of pyridine, was synthesized and characterized for applications in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Ir(dppfm)2pic exhibited an emission peak of 455 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yields of 73 %. Phosphorescent OLEDs based on Ir(dppfm)2pic exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.8 % and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.22).
Fetal demise in the early second trimester: Sonographic findings
Authors: Blumenfeld Zeev , Khatib Nizar , Zimmer Etan Z. , Bronshtein Moshe 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo report the etiology and the sonographic findings of fetal demise at 14–17 weeks' gestation.MethodsA prospective transvaginal sonographic search of fetal anomalies was performed in 61 early second‐trimester cases of fetal demise. The findings were compared with the results of sonographic examinations of 22,500 viable fetuses between weeks 14 and 17.ResultsOf 61 cases of early fetal demise in 60 women (1:370), more than half of the fetuses (35/61, 57%) were associated with fetal edema, ranging from nuchal edema and cystic hygroma to fetal hydrops. In 9/61 (14.7%) fetuses, major anatomic anomalies were detected. There was no significant difference between the study group (nonviable fetuses) and the control group (viable fetuses) regarding maternal age and the prevalence of maternal fever, maternal thrombophilic mutations, vaginal bleeding, fertility treatments, maternal diseases, or use of medications.ConclusionsThe incidence of early midtrimester fetal demise is 1:370 pregnancies. The sonographic findings in fetal demise in the early second trimester suggest that 57% of them are associated with fetal edema and 14.7% are associated with major fetal malformations. We did not identify any significant maternal risk factor for fetal demise in the study group. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 43:109–112, 2015
Welfare Impacts of Microcredit Programmes: An Empirical Investigation in the State‐Designated Poor Counties of Shaanxi, China
Authors: Rahman M. Wakilur , Luo Jianchao , Minjuan Zhao 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper evaluates the welfare impacts of microcredit programmes and the activities of non‐governmental organization microfinance service providers in state‐designated poor counties of Shaanxi, China. Study results suggest positive impacts on microcredit programme participants with respect to increased income (by 4.07 per cent), general expenditures (6.45 per cent) and savings (3.13 per cent). Top income quartile participants experience more benefits, and women gain greater access to decision‐making. These findings suggest that successful and sustainable microcredit intervention improves lives and plays an important role in improving rural economy, possibly reducing inequality between rural and urban areas in China. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradation measurements confirm the predictive value of the O:C‐ratio for biochar recalcitrance
Authors: Bai Mo , Wilske Burkhard , Buegger Franz , Bruun Esben Wilson , Bach Martin , Frede Hans‐Georg , Breuer Lutz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSuitable predictors of degradability are sought to support the identification of biochars with large potential to increase C sequestration in soils. We determined the biodegradation of 9 chars from hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis in two agricultural soils. The 200‐ and 115‐day degradation correlated strongly with the O:C‐ and slightly with the H:C‐atomic ratio of 9 and 14 biochars, respectively. Highest temperature treatment and ash content did not show similar correlations.
Clinical values of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in oral cavity cancer with dental artifacts on CT or MRI
Authors: Hong Hye Ran , Jin Soyoung , Koo Hyun Jung , Roh Jong‐Lyel , Kim Jae Seung , Cho Kyung‐Ja , Choi Seung‐Ho , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: July 2014

Level of Evidence: 2aBackground and Objectives: To investigate the role of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in tumor staging, extent, and volume measurements in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with/without dental artifacts on CT or MRI.Methods: This study was conducted in 63 consecutive patients with OSCC who received initial workups including 18F‐FDG PET/CT and MRI. The results of the imaging modalities were compared to those of pathology, using McNemar's test and the paired t‐test.Results: Thirty‐seven patients (59%) had dental or metallic artifacts obscuring primary tumors. 18F‐FDG PET/CT scanning was superior to MRI in tumor staging (weighted κ = 0.870 vs. 0.518, P = 0.004) in patients with dental artifacts. In addition, 18F‐FDG PET/CT scans were more specific than MRI in detecting sublingual gland (P = 0.014) and mouth floor (P = 0.011) involvement. In patients with dental artifacts, there was a significant discrepancy between primary tumor volume (PTV) measured by pathology and MRI (P = 0.018), but not between PTV measured from pathology and 18F‐FDG PET/CT at SUV2.5 (P = 0.245), which showed the highest intraclass correlation coefficient value (0.860).Conclusion: 18F‐FDG PET/CT scans provide accurate tumor staging and volume measurements in OSCC patients with CR/MRI dental artifacts, leading to improved preoperative planning.Level of Evidence: 2bCONDENSED ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the clinical value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in 63 patients with oral cavity cancers. In 37 (59%) patients with dental artifacts on CT/MRI, 18F‐FDG PET/CT showed superior results compared to MRI in tumor staging and represented the highest intraclass correlation coefficient value to tumor volume determined by pathology. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:696–701. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New polypyrrole–carbon nanotubes–silicon dioxide solid‐phase microextraction fiber for the preconcentration and determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐xylene using gas liquid chromatography
Authors: Sarafraz‐Yazdi Ali , Rounaghi Gholamhossein , Razavipanah Iman , Vatani Hossein , Amiri Amirhassan 
Published: July 2014

For the first time, a polypyrrole–carbon nanotubes–silicon dioxide composite film coated on a steel wire was prepared by an electrochemical method. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that this composite film was even and porous. The prepared fiber was used as an absorbent for the headspace solid‐phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o‐xylene, followed by gas chromatographic analysis. This method presented an excellent performance, which was much better than that of a polypyrrole–carbon nanotube fiber. It was found that under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges were 0.01–200 ng/mL with correlation coefficients >0.9953, the detection limits were 0.005–0.020 ng/mL, the relative standard deviations were 3.9–6.4% for five successive measurements with a single fiber, and the reproducibility was 5.5–8.5% (n = 3). Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to real water samples, and the relative recoveries obtained for the spiked water samples were from 91.0 to 106.7%.
Stage‐dependent nigral neuronal loss in incidental Lewy body and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dijkstra Anke A. , Voorn Pieter , Berendse Henk W. , Groenewegen Henk J. ,   Netherlands Brain Bank, Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. , van de Berg Wilma D.J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo gain a better understanding of the significance of α‐synuclein pathological conditions during disease progression in Parkinson's disease, we investigated whether 1) nigral neuronal loss in incidental Lewy body disease and Parkinson's disease donors is associated with the local burden α‐synuclein pathological conditions during progression of pathological conditions; 2) the burden and distribution of α‐synuclein pathological conditions are related to clinical measures of disease progression. Post‐mortem tissue and medical records of 24 Parkinson's disease patients, 20 incidental Lewy body disease donors, and 12 age‐matched controls were obtained from the Netherlands Brain Bank for morphometric analysis. We observed a 20% decrease in nigral neuronal cell density in incidental Lewy body disease compared with controls. Nigral neuronal loss (12%) was already observed before the appearance α‐synuclein aggregates. The progression from Braak α‐synuclein stage 3 to 4 was associated with a significant decline in neuronal cell density (46%). Nigral neuronal loss increased with later Braak α‐synuclein stages but did not vary across consecutive Braak α‐synuclein stages. We observed a negative correlation between neuronal density and local α‐synuclein burden in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's disease patients (ρ = −0.54), but no relationship with Hoehn & Yahr stage or disease duration. In conclusion, our findings cast doubt on the pathogenic role of α‐synuclein aggregates in elderly, but do suggest that the severity of neurodegeneration and local burden of α‐synuclein pathological conditions are closely coupled during disease progression in Parkinson's disease. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dietary fat alters the expression of cortistatin and ghrelin systems in the PBMCs of elderly subjects: Putative implications in the postprandial inflammatory response
Authors: Gahete Manuel D. , Luque Raúl M. , Yubero‐Serrano Elena M. , Cruz‐Teno Cristina , Ibañez‐Costa Alejandro , Delgado‐Lista Javier , Gracia‐Navarro Francisco , Perez‐Jimenez Francisco , Castaño Justo P. , Lopez‐Miranda José 
Published: July 2014

ScopeDietary fat influences systemic inflammatory status, which determines the progression of age‐associated diseases. Since somatostatin (SST), cortistatin (CORT), and ghrelin systems modulate inflammatory response, we aim to comprehensively characterize the presence and regulation of the components of these systems in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), a subset of white blood cells placed at the crossroad between diet and inflammation, in response to diets with different fat composition, and during the postprandial phase in elderly subjects.Methods and resultsThe applied nutrigenomic, inflammation‐related PBMC‐based approach revealed that the majority of components of SST/CORT and ghrelin systems are present in the human PBMCs. Particularly, CORT, SST/CORT receptors (sst2, sst3, sst5, and sst5TMD4), ghrelin, its acylating enzyme (GOAT), In1‐ghrelin variant, and GHSR1b were detected in PBMCs. Their expression was altered in the long‐term by diet composition, and in the short‐term, during the postprandial phase. Of particular relevance is the postprandial elevation of CORT, sst2, and sst5 expression in PBMCs of subjects under n‐3 PUFAs‐enriched diet.ConclusionOur results suggest a potential relevant role of CORT/ssts and ghrelin systems in regulating PBMCs response to nutrient intake, which could help to explain the positive effects of n‐3 PUFAs‐enriched diets in reducing the inflammatory response.
Resveratrol and its major sulfated conjugates are substrates of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): Impact on growth of ZR‐75‐1 breast cancer cells
Authors: Riha Juliane , Brenner Stefan , Böhmdorfer Michaela , Giessrigl Benedikt , Pignitter Marc , Schueller Katharina , Thalhammer Theresia , Stieger Bruno , Somoza Veronika , Szekeres Thomas , Jäger Walter 
Published: July 2014

ScopeResveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with various pharmacological activities. These effects are observed despite its low bioavailability, which is particularly caused by extensive phase II metabolism. It is unknown whether resveratrol and its metabolites can accumulate to bioactive levels in organs and tissues through protein‐mediated transport mechanisms. Because organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) mediate the uptake of many clinically important drugs, we investigated their role in the cellular transport of resveratrol and its major glucuronides and sulfates.Methods and resultsUptake experiments were performed with resveratrol and its glucuronides and sulfates in OATP‐expressing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and breast cancer (ZR‐75‐1) cells. The uptake rates for resveratrol in OATP1B1‐, OATP1B3‐, and OATP2B1‐transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells were four‐ to sixfold higher compared to wild‐type cells. Resveratrol‐3‐O‐4′‐O‐disulfate was transported by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, while resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulfate was exclusively transported by OATP1B3. However, resveratrol‐4′‐O‐sulfate, resveratrol‐3‐O‐glucuronide, and resveratrol‐4′‐O‐glucuronide did not show any affinity for these OATPs. OATP‐dependent uptake of resveratrol was also confirmed in ZR‐75‐1 cells.ConclusionOur data revealed that OATPs act as cellular uptake transporters for resveratrol and its major sulfates, which must be considered in humans following oral uptake of dietary resveratrol.
A parallel two‐level domain decomposition based one‐shot method for shape optimization problems
Authors: Chen Rongliang , Cai Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYA two‐level domain decomposition method is introduced for general shape optimization problems constrained by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The optimization problem is first discretized with a finite element method on an unstructured moving mesh that is implicitly defined without assuming that the computational domain is known and then solved by some one‐shot Lagrange–Newton–Krylov–Schwarz algorithms. In this approach, the shape of the domain, its corresponding finite element mesh, the flow fields and their corresponding Lagrange multipliers are all obtained computationally in a single solve of a nonlinear system of equations. Highly scalable parallel algorithms are absolutely necessary to solve such an expensive system. The one‐level domain decomposition method works reasonably well when the number of processors is not large. Aiming for machines with a large number of processors and robust nonlinear convergence, we introduce a two‐level inexact Newton method with a hybrid two‐level overlapping Schwarz preconditioner. As applications, we consider the shape optimization of a cannula problem and an artery bypass problem in 2D. Numerical experiments show that our algorithm performs well on a supercomputer with over 1000 processors for problems with millions of unknowns. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating crystal plasticity simulations using GPU multiprocessors
Authors: Mellbin Y. , Hallberg H. , Ristinmaa M. 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYCrystal plasticity models are often used to model the deformation behavior of polycrystalline materials. One major drawback with such models is that they are computationally very demanding. Adopting the common Taylor assumption requires calculation of the response of several hundreds of individual grains to obtain the stress in a single integration point in the overlying FEM structure. However, a large part of the operations can be executed in parallel to reduce the computation time. One emerging technology for running massively parallel computations without having to rely on the availability of large computer clusters is to port the parallel parts of the calculations to a graphical processing unit (GPU). GPUs are designed to handle vast numbers of floating point operations in parallel. In the present work, different strategies for the numerical implementation of crystal plasticity are investigated as well as a number of approaches to parallelization of the program execution. It is identified that a major concern is the limited amount of memory available on the GPU. However, significant reductions in computational time‐up to 100 times speedup‐are achieved in the present study, and possible also on a standard desktop computer equipped with a GPU. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Philanthropy and social capital in Mexico
Authors: Layton Michael D. , Moreno Alejandro 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this paper is to examine the factors underlying philanthropic behavior in Mexico. In particular, we analyze the influence of social capital on two types of behavior: giving and volunteering. This research is based upon groundbreaking national public opinion surveys conducted in 2005 and 2008, the first of their kind in Mexico to focus on donations and volunteerism. We find that membership in associations (an important component of social capital) is strongly and positively associated with secular giving and volunteering. We also tested the role of three other aspects of social capital: participation in informal personal networks, a belief in the norm of reciprocity, and interpersonal trust, and our findings show that the former two have a consistently significant effect on our dependent variables but interpersonal trust does not. We discuss the implications of this for a society where trust in others is comparatively low. Differences between Mexico and the USA, for example, highlight the importance of context in philanthropic behavior. Mexicans' religiosity also stands out as an important variable, particularly when it comes to understanding religious forms of giving and volunteering in the country. The practical significance of our findings for the promotion of philanthropy is that Mexican nonprofits must compensate for being in a low‐trust culture by encouraging membership and a sense of group belonging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mineralocorticoid receptors in the ventral hippocampus are involved in extinction memory in rats
Authors: Xing Xiaoli , Wang Hongbo , Liang Jing , Bai Yunjing , Liu Zhengkui , Zheng Xigeng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFear extinction decreases conditioned fear responses that normally occur when a conditioned stimulus (CS) is repeatedly presented in the absence of an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), which is the behavioral basis of exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, knowledge about the neurobiology of extinction is insufficient. The present study investigated changes in the protein expression of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs) and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in the dorsal hippocampus (DH)and ventral hippocampus (VH), induced by extinction and return of conditioned fear responses to an auditory signal. Western blot analysis indicated that shock stress enhanced the expression of MRs in only the DH, whereas extinction selectively increased the expression of MRs in the VH. The infusion of MRs antagonist spironolactone in the VH indicated that MRs in the VH did not affect the retrieval of fear and extinction memories, but facilitated the formation of extinction memory. However, no changes in GRs in either the DH or VH were observed in each phase of auditory fear conditioning. These results suggest that MRs in the DH and VH have differential functions in the extinction of auditory fear conditioning. MRs in the DH appear to be related to only stressful experiences, whereas MRs in the VH are involved in extinction formation. The enhancement of MRs in the VH might be necessary to improve PTSD.
Prenatal and postnatal findings in five cases of Fryns syndrome
Authors: Peron Angela , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Fabietti Isabella , Baffero Giulia Maria , Fogliani Roberto , Ciralli Fabrizio , Mosca Fabio , Rizzuti Tommaso , Leva Ernesto , Lalatta Faustina 
Published: July 2014

What's already known about this topic?Fryns syndrome is characterized by congenital diaphragmatic hernia, facial dysmorphisms, distal digital hypoplasia, and variable cerebral, ocular, cardiovascular, and genitourinary malformations. It is often lethal. No causative gene is known, and the diagnosis is based on clinical findings. Data on prenatal diagnosis are lacking.What does this study add?This study demonstrates that prenatal diagnosis of Fryns syndrome is currently not possible in most cases.This finding has implications for prenatal genetic counseling and in utero treatment of diaphragmatic hernia.
BotCatch: leveraging signature and behavior for bot detection
Authors: Ji Yuede , Li Qiang , He Yukun , Guo Dong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe goal of bot detection is to discover malicious bot processes by signature comparison or behavior analysis. Existing approaches have several drawbacks, such as requiring a lot of prior knowledge, low detection accuracy, and high false alarm rate. In this paper, we propose a multi‐feedback approach, BotCatch, to detect bots effectively and efficiently on a host by leverage of a combination of signature and behavior. First, BotCatch assigns suspicious files to signature‐analysis and behavior‐analysis modules, which generate each detection result. Second, BotCatch correlates signature and behavior results to generate the final detection result through correlation engine. Third, BotCatch feeds back signature, behavior, and correlation results to dynamically adjust detecting modules through multi‐feedback engine. We evaluated the performance of BotCatch with 636 bot and 150 benign samples. Our results indicate that BotCatch achieves an accuracy of 97.1% and an F‐measure value of 0.982 simultaneously, which is better than existing approaches without feedbacks. BotCatch, due to the multi‐feedback mechanism, has the ability to gradually get more robust and accurate as the number of samples increases. The final stage even reaches an accuracy of 98.5% and F‐measure value of 0.991. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nachhaltige Stahlkonstruktionen für Erneuerbare Energien
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Bechtel Anne , Eichstädt Rasmus , Stranghöner Natalie , Berg Jörn , Gorbachov Anna , Wagner Hermann‐Josef , Röder Julian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTragfähigkeit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit sind die primären Anforderungen, die an Stahlkonstruktionen regenerativer Technologien gestellt werden, so dass die Auslegung und Errichtung dieser Konstruktionen vorwiegend durch monetäre und technische Gesichtspunkte beeinflusst wird. Zur Berücksichtigung von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten aufseiten der Planung, Herstellung und Fertigung von Stahlkonstruktionen fehlen derzeit geeignete Instrumente, um die Nachhaltigkeit ganzheitlich zu dimensionieren. Auf Basis bestehender Bewertungssysteme aus dem Hochbau wurde im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes “NaStafEE“ eine Methode zur ganzheitlichen Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung stählerner Tragstrukturen für regenerative Technologien entwickelt. Mit Hilfe der entwickelten Methodik können unterschiedliche Bauweisen und Ausführungsvarianten unter Berücksichtigung von Anforderungen an eine nachhaltige Bauweise verglichen werden. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Methodenentwicklung sowie der beispielhaften Anwendung auf stählerne Gründungsstrukturen von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen sowie Stahlfermenter von Biogasanlagen.Sustainability of steel constructions of renewables. Mechanical resistance, serviceability and durability are the primary requirements for steel structures of renewable energies. During design and execution, these structures are mainly influenced by economic and technical aspects. Currently, there is a lack of appropriate instruments for a holistic sustainability approach in order to consider sustainability aspects during the stages of design, manufacturing and erection of steel constructions. Based on existing rating systems originating from the building sector, a method for a holistic sustainability assessment of steel structures for renewables has been developed within the research project “NaStafEE”. With the help of the sustainability rating system, different types of construction and variants of execution can be compared under consideration of requirements for sustainability aspects. This article deals with the development of the rating system and the exemplary application to steel support structures of offshore wind energy turbines and to steel digesters of biogas power plants.