bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of the interleukin‐1 gene cluster polymorphisms and inflammatory external root resorption in replanted permanent teeth
Authors: Bastos J. V. , Côrtes M. I. S. , Silva J. F. C. , Goulart E. M. A. , Colosimo E. A. , Gomez R. S. , Dutra W. O. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the interleukin‐1 gene cluster (IL1) are associated with the occurrence and severity of inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) after replantation of avulsed permanent teeth.MethodologyIndexes ofIERRwere radiographically assessed in 182 mature replanted permanent teeth from 146 patients at the onset of endodontic therapy.DNAwas extracted from buccal mucosa cells and genotyped using TaqMan probes‐based assays for theSNPsIL1A‐889C/T (rs 180058),IL1B+3954C/T (rs1143634) andIL1RN+2018C/T (rs419598). Teeth were grouped into two categories:IERRabsent to mild (indexes ≤4) and moderate to severeIERR(indexes >4). Genetic variations in theIL1gene cluster were tested for their effect on the occurrence and extension ofIERRusing theGEEmodel (generalized estimation equation). Patient's age at the moment of injury, timing of pulpectomy, extra‐alveolar period and storage condition of the avulsed teeth was included as possible confounders.ResultsNo association was found betweenSNPsIL1A‐889C/T,IL1B+3954C/T (rs1143634) andIL1RN+2018C/T (rs419598) andIERRindexes. Timing of pulpectomy (OR3.5IC95% 2.0–6.2P < 0.001) and patient's age at the moment of trauma (OR0.29IC95% 0.12–0.67P = 0.004) significantly affected the risk of developing severeIERR.ConclusionsWhile timing of pulpectomy and patient's age at the moment of trauma were confirmed as important risk factors,SNPs within theIL1gene cluster did not affect the susceptibility forIERRafter replantation of permanent teeth.
Triptolide inhibits transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced proliferation and migration of rat airway smooth muscle cells by suppressing nuclear factor‐κB but not extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2
Authors: Chen Ming , Shi Jian‐Ting , Lv Zhi‐Qiang , Huang Lin‐Jie , Lin Xiao‐Ling , Zhang Wei , Liang Rui‐Yun , Li Yi‐Qun , Jiang Shan‐Ping 
Published: September 2014

SummaryAirway remodelling contributes to increased mortality in asthma. We have reported that triptolide can inhibit airway remodelling in a mouse asthma model. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of triptolide on proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC), and the possible mechanism. Rat ASMC were cultured and synchronized, then pre‐treated with different concentrations of triptolide before being stimulated by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1). Cell proliferation was evaluated by cell counting and MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to study the influence of triptolide on the cell cycle. Migration was measured by Transwell analysis. Signal proteins [nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)] were detected by Western blotting. A lactate dehydrogenase releasing test and flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis were also performed to explore the potential cytotoxic or pro‐apoptotic effects of triptolide. Triptolide significantly inhibited TGF‐β1‐induced ASMC proliferation and migration (P < 0·05). The cell cycle was dose‐dependently blocked at G1/S‐interphase by triptolide. Western blotting analysis showed that TGF‐β1‐induced NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation was inhibited by triptolide pre‐treatment, but ERK1/2 was not affected. No cytotoxic or pro‐apoptotic effects were detected under the concentration of triptolide that was used. Triptolide may function as an inhibitor of asthma airway remodelling by suppressing ASMC proliferation and migration through inactivation of the NF‐κB pathway.
The effect of parity on morphological evolution among phrynosomatid lizards
Authors: Oufiero C. E. , Gartner G. E. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe shift from egg laying to live‐bearing is one of the most well‐studied transitions in evolutionary biology. Few studies, however, have assessed the effect of this transition on morphological evolution. Here, we evaluated the effect of reproductive mode on the morphological evolution of 10 traits, among 108 species of phrynosomatid lizards. We assess whether the requirement for passing shelled eggs through the pelvic girdle has led to morphological constraints in oviparous species and whether long gestation times in viviparous species have led to constraints in locomotor morphology. We fit models to the data that vary both in their tempo (strength and rate of selection) and mode of evolution (Brownian or Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck) and estimates of trait optima. We found that most traits are best fit by a generalized multipeak OU model, suggesting differing trait optima for viviparous vs. oviparous species. Additionally, rates (σ2) of both pelvic girdle and forelimb trait evolution varied with parity; viviparous species had higher rates. Hindlimb traits, however, exhibited no difference in σ2 between parity modes. In a functional context, our results suggest that the passage of shelled eggs constrains the morphology of the pelvic girdle, but we found no evidence of morphological constraint of the locomotor apparatus in viviparous species. Our results are consistent with recent lineage diversification analyses, leading to the conclusion that transitions to viviparity increase both lineage and morphological diversification.
Grandparental effects in marine sticklebacks: transgenerational plasticity across multiple generations
Authors: Shama L. N. S. , Wegner K. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNongenetic inheritance mechanisms such as transgenerational plasticity (TGP) can buffer populations against rapid environmental change such as ocean warming. Yet, little is known about how long these effects persist and whether they are cumulative over generations. Here, we tested for adaptiveTGPin response to simulated ocean warming across parental and grandparental generations of marine sticklebacks. Grandparents were acclimated for two months during reproductive conditioning, whereas parents experienced developmental acclimation, allowing us to compare the fitness consequences of short‐term vs. prolonged exposure to elevated temperature across multiple generations. We found that reproductive output of F1 adults was primarily determined by maternal developmental temperature, but carry‐over effects from grandparental acclimation environments resulted in cumulative negative effects of elevated temperature on hatching success. In very early stages of growth, F2 offspring reached larger sizes in their respective paternal and grandparental environment down the paternal line, suggesting that other factors than just the paternal genome may be transferred between generations. In later growth stages, maternal and maternal granddam environments strongly influenced offspring body size, but in opposing directions, indicating that the mechanism(s) underlying the transfer of environmental information may have differed between acute and developmental acclimation experienced by the two generations. Taken together, our results suggest that the fitness consequences of parental and grandparentalTGPare highly context dependent, but will play an important role in mediating some of the impacts of rapid climate change in this system.
Oh sister, where art thou? Spatial population structure and the evolution of an altruistic defence trait
Authors: Pamminger T. , Foitzik S. , Metzler D. , Pennings P. S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe evolution of parasite virulence and host defences is affected by population structure. This effect has been confirmed in studies focusing on large spatial scales, whereas the importance of local structure is not well understood. Slavemaking ants are social parasites that exploit workers of another species to rear their offspring. Enslaved workers of the host species Temnothorax longispinosus have been found to exhibit an effective post‐enslavement defence behaviour: enslaved workers were observed killing a large proportion of the parasites’ offspring. As enslaved workers do not reproduce, they gain no direct fitness benefit from this ‘rebellion’ behaviour. However, there may be an indirect benefit: neighbouring host nests that are related to ‘rebel’ nests can benefit from a reduced raiding pressure, as a result of the reduction in parasite nest size due to the enslaved workers’ killing behaviour. We use a simple mathematical model to examine whether the small‐scale population structure of the host species could explain the evolution of this potentially altruistic defence trait against slavemaking ants. We find that this is the case if enslaved host workers are related to nearby host nests. In a population genetic study, we confirm that enslaved workers are, indeed, more closely related to host nests within the raiding range of their resident slavemaker nest, than to host nests outside the raiding range. This small‐scale population structure seems to be a result of polydomy (e.g. the occupation of several nests in close proximity by a single colony) and could have enabled the evolution of ‘rebellion’ by kin selection.
Household measures for river flood risk reduction in the Czech Republic
Authors: Duží B. , Vikhrov D. , Kelman I. , Stojanov R. , Juřička D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInterviews with 304 households were used to determine flood risk reduction measures adopted in the case study of the Becva River in the Czech Republic. Uptake of measures was low, irrespective of experience with floods. Financial cost seemed to be a barrier towards implementation, but more work is needed to understand the combination of factors limiting adoption of household flood risk reduction measures. Regression analysis indicated that socio‐demographic factors play an important role in household decision making. More men and more children in a household support the adoption of measures. Perception of living in a flood risk zone, rather than actual experience of flooding, also positively influenced probability of adopting some measures. When a house is elevated up from ground level by 1 metre or more, the likelihood of taking further measures decreased by 20%. Further investigation of these factors and why, not just how, they influence household choices would support flood risk reduction measures, especially under a changing climate.
Novel personalized therapies for cystic fibrosis: treating the basic defect in all patients
Authors: Amaral M. D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic life‐shortening condition in Caucasians. Despite being a multi‐organ disease, CF is classically diagnosed by symptoms of acute/chronic respiratory disease, with persistent pulmonary infections and mucus plugging of the airways and failure to thrive. These multiple symptoms originate from dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a channel that mediates anion transport across epithelia. Indeed, establishment of a definite CF diagnosis requires proof of CFTR dysfunction, commonly through the so‐called sweat Cl− test. Many drug therapies, including mucolytics and antibiotics, aim to alleviate the symptoms of CF lung disease. However, new therapies to modulate defective CFTR, the basic defect underlying CF, have started to reach the clinic, and several others are in development or in clinical trials. The novelty of these therapies is that, besides targeting the basic defect underlying CF, they are mutation specific. Indeed, even this monogenic disease is influenced by a large number of different genes and biological pathways as well as by environmental factors that are difficult to assess. Accordingly, every person with CF is unique and so functional assessment of patients' tissues ex vivo is key for diagnosing and predicting the severity of this disease. Of note, such assessment will also be crucial to assess drug responses, in order to effectively treat all CF patients. It is not because it is a monogenic disorder that personalized treatment for CF is much easier than for complex disorders.
Gene loss in plants: Evidence from genome‐wide phylogenetic analysis of thiamine pyrophosphate‐dependent enzymes
Authors: Tian Xin‐Min , Wang Peng , Hu Wen‐Bin , Gao Da‐Hai , Li Qiong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)‐dependent enzymes are present in all domains of life, which share a cofactor with TPP. However, a comprehensive analysis of TPP‐dependent enzymes from sequenced genomes has not been reported and little is known about the evolutionary dynamics of this gene family in plants. In this study, the evolutionary relationships of the TPP‐dependent enzymes were investigated by using a comprehensive genome‐wide phylogenetic analysis. A total of 103 plant TPP‐dependent enzyme sequences were identified in 16 plant species. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that these plant TPP‐dependent genes fell into three major groups, acetolactate synthase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and 2‐hydroxyphytanoyl‐CoA lyase. Our results showed fewer TPP‐dependent genes in plants than that in other living organisms, with many types of genes lost during evolution possibly because they do not largely influence plant function. Within the plant kingdom, seed plants have more TPP genes compared to non‐seed basal plants, which probably imply that seed plants developed more TPP genes to adapt to their environment. The present study provides important information for understanding the evolution and function of the TPP‐dependent gene family in plants.
Interferon‐free treatment of chronic hepatitis C with faldaprevir, deleobuvir and ribavirin: SOUND‐C3, a Phase 2b study
Authors: Zeuzem Stefan , Dufour Jean‐François , Buti Maria , Soriano Vicente , Buynak Robert J. , Mantry Parvez , Taunk Jawahar , Stern Jerry O. , Vinisko Richard , Gallivan John‐Paul , Böcher Wulf , Mensa Federico J. ,   the SOUND‐C3 study group
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsThe safety and efficacy of the interferon‐free combination of faldaprevir (NS3/A4 protease inhibitor), deleobuvir (BI 207127, non‐nucleoside polymerase inhibitor), and ribavirin in treatment‐naïve patients chronically infected with HCV genotype‐1 was explored.MethodsSOUND‐C3 was a multicenter, open‐label Phase 2b study. Treatment‐naïve patients chronically infected with HCV genotype‐1a (IL28B CC genotype only; n = 12) and genotype‐1b (n = 20) were assigned to 16 weeks of treatment with faldaprevir 120 mg once daily, deleobuvir 600 mg twice daily, and weight‐based ribavirin. Patients with compensated liver disease, including cirrhosis, were eligible for inclusion in this study. The primary endpoint was sustained virological response 12 weeks after completion of therapy.ResultsSustained virological response rates 12 weeks after completion of therapy were 17% and 95% in patients infected with HCV genotype‐1a and genotype‐1b respectively. All four patients with cirrhosis achieved sustained virological response 12 weeks after completion of therapy. The most frequently reported adverse events of at least moderate intensity were anaemia (16%), nausea, vomiting and fatigue (9% each). Three (9%) patients discontinued because of adverse events.ConclusionsThe interferon‐free regimen of faldaprevir, deleobuvir and ribavirin was efficacious in patients infected with genotype‐1b and generally well tolerated.
Stark sexual display divergence among jumping spider populations in the face of gene flow
Authors: Blackburn Gwylim S. , Maddison Wayne P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGene flow can inhibit evolutionary divergence by eroding genetic differences between populations. A current aim in speciation research is to identify conditions in which selection overcomes this process. We focused on a state of limited differentiation, asking whether selection enables divergence with gene flow in a set of Habronattus americanus jumping spider populations that exhibit three distinct male sexual display morphs. We found that each population is at high frequency or fixed for a single morph. These strong phenotypic differences contrast with low divergence at 210 AFLP markers, suggesting selection has driven or maintains morph divergence. Coinciding patterns of isolation by distance and ‘isolation by phenotype’ (i.e. increased genetic divergence among phenotypically contrasting populations) across the study area support several alternative demographic hypotheses for display divergence, each of which entails gene flow. Display‐associated structure appears broadly distributed across the genome and the markers producing this pattern do not stand out from background levels of differentiation. Overall, the results suggest selection can promote stark sexual display divergence in the face of gene flow among closely related populations.
Crossing to safety: dispersal, colonization and mate choice in evolutionarily distinct populations ofSteller sea lions,Eumetopias jubatus
Authors: O'Corry‐Crowe Greg , Gelatt Tom , Rea Lorrie , Bonin Carolina , Rehberg Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPopulation growth typically involves range expansion and establishment of new breeding sites, while the opposite occurs during declines. Although density dependence is widely invoked in theoretical studies of emigration and colonization in expanding populations, few empirical studies have documented the mechanisms. Still fewer have documented the direction and mechanisms of individual transfer in declining populations. Here, we screen large numbers of pups sampled on their natal rookeries for variation in mtDNA(n = 1106) and 16 microsatellite loci (n = 588) and show that new Steller sea lion breeding sites did not follow the typical paradigm and were instead colonized by sea lions from both a declining (Endangered) population and an increasing population. Dispersing individuals colonized rookeries in the distributional hiatus between two evolutionarily distinct ( = 0.222, = 0.053,K = 2) metapopulations recently described as separate subspecies. Hardy–Weinberg, mixed‐stock and relatedness analysis revealed levels of interbreeding on the new rookeries that exclude (i) assortative mating among eastern and western forms, and (ii) inbreeding avoidance as primary motivations for dispersal. Positive and negative density dependence is implicated in both cases of individual transfer. Migration distance limits, and conspecific attraction and performance likely influenced the sequence of rookery colonizations. This study demonstrates that resource limitation may trigger an exodus of breeding animals from declining populations, with substantial impacts on distribution and patterns of genetic variation. It also revealed that this event is rare because colonists dispersed across an evolutionary boundary, suggesting that the causative factors behind recent declines are unusual or of larger magnitude than normally occur.
Quality of life in women with infertility via the FertiQoL and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales
Authors: Kahyaoglu Sut Hatice , Balkanli Kaplan Petek 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relationships between quality of life, anxiety, and depression in female patients with infertility. This was a cross‐sectional study with 89 women with infertility. Patients completed a questionnaire that included demographic data, the FertiQoL scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The average total FertiQoL score was 66.0 ± 14.5. There were negative correlations between the treatment and core FertiQoL scores and the Hospital Anxiety‐Depression subscale scores. The attempted conception duration was negatively correlated with the total and core (emotional, mind‐body, and social subscales) scores of the FertiQoL. The number of in vitro fertilizations was negatively correlated with the total, core (mind‐body subscale), and treatment (tolerability subscale) scores of the FertiQoL. In conclusion, infertility significantly reduces quality of life in women by increasing their anxiety and depression levels. Thus, healthcare professionals should consider quality of life with a holistic approach when examining and treating women with infertility.
Extensive cross‐environment fitness variation lies along few axes of genetic variation in the model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Malcom Jacob W. , Hernandez Kyle M. , Likos Raquel , Wayne Tierney , Leibold Mathew A. , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Variation is essential to ecological and evolutionary dynamics, but genetic variation of quantitative traits may be concentrated in a limited number of dimensions, constraining ecoevolutionary dynamics. We describe high‐dimension variation in natural accessions of the model alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and test the hypothesis that extensive fitness variation across 30 environments is constrained to a small number of axes.

We used high‐throughput phenotyping to investigate morphological, fitness, and genotype × environment (G × E) variation in 18 natural C. reinhardtii accessions in 30 environments.

The organismal phenotypes of cell cycle, cell size, and phototactic behavior exhibited substantial genetic variation between lines, and we found up to 74‐fold fitness variation across accessions and environments. Approximately 47% of the extensive G × E variation is accounted for by the first two principal components (PCs) of the G‐matrix corresponding to covariation in metals response, nitrogen availability, or salt and nutrient response.

The natural variation of C. reinhardtii accessions supports the hypothesis that, despite abundant genetic variation across single environments, the species' adaptive response should be constrained along few major axes of selection. These results highlight the utility of natural accessions for integrating ecoevolutionary and genetic research.
Retracted: Three BUB1 and BUBR1/MAD3‐related spindle assembly checkpoint proteins are required for accurate mitosis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Paganelli Laetitia , Caillaud Marie‐Cécile , Quentin Michaël , Damiani Isabelle , Govetto Benjamin , Lecomte Philippe , Karpov Pavel A. , Abad Pierre , Chabouté Marie‐Edith , Favery Bruno 
Published: September 2014

Summary

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a refined surveillance mechanism which ensures that chromosomes undergoing mitosis do not segregate until they are properly attached to the spindle microtubules (MT). The SAC has been extensively studied in metazoans and yeast, but little is known about its role in plants.

We identified proteins interacting with a MT‐associated protein MAP65‐3, which plays a critical role in organising mitotic MT arrays, and carried out a functional analysis of previously and newly identified SAC components.

We show that Arabidopsis SAC proteins BUB3.1, MAD2, BUBR1/MAD3s and BRK1 interact with each other and with MAP65‐3. We found that two BUBR1/MAD3s interacted specifically at centromeres. When stably expressed in Arabidopsis, BRK1 localised to the kinetochores during all stages of the mitotic cell cycle. Early in mitosis, BUB3.1 and BUBR1/MAD3.1 localise to the mitotic spindle, where MAP65‐3 organises spindle MTs. A double‐knockout mad3.1 mad3.2 mutant presented spindle MT abnormalities, chromosome misalignments on the metaphase plate and the production of lagging chromosomes and micronuclei during mitosis.

We conclude that BRK1 and BUBR1/MAD3‐related proteins play a key role in ensuring faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis and that their interaction with MAP65‐3 may be important for the regulation of MT‐chromosome attachment.