bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ArgMax and ArgMin: transitional probabilistic models in cognitive radio mesh networks
Authors: Soltani Soroor , Mutka Matt W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe erratic nature of spectrum availability and diversity imposes the use of a probabilistic framework for channel selection in cognitive radio networks protocol design. In this work, two probability distributions called ArgMax and ArgMin are proposed, which have broad applications in channel selection mechanisms, routing, and media access control protocols. The ArgMax probability distribution locates the maximum random variable among a set of random variables, while the ArgMin locates the minimum random variable. We show that the ArgMax probability distribution is a better candidate than the frequently used odds‐on‐mean probability distribution through theoretical analysis and simulation. The ArgMin probability distribution has a variety of applications and is shown to be useful in achieving a lower bound on the network's minimum spectral capacity. In simulation, we develop a probabilistic selection routing procedure (PSRP) that adopts the ArgMax probability distribution to guide packets throughout the network. The stochastic framework of probabilistic selection routing procedure is also an appropriate skeleton for building stochastic‐based routing protocols for dynamic networks such as cognitive radio networks. The simulation results suggest that ArgMax enables the routing scheme to adapt to the network dynamic more quickly and to more accurately locate the best candidate to route to than the odds‐on‐mean probability distribution. The ArgMax enhances the network throughput and end‐to‐end delay by over 30% when network load increases. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dietary CLA‐induced Lipolysis Is Delayed in Soy Oil‐Fed Mice Compared to Coconut Oil‐Fed Mice
Authors: Ippagunta S. , Angius Z. , Sanda M. , Barnes K. M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to cause a reduction in obesity in several species. CLA‐induced body fat loss is enhanced when mice are fed coconut oil (CO) and involves increased lipolysis. The objective of this paper was to determine if the CLA‐induced lipolysis in mice fed with different oil sources was time‐dependent. Mice were fed 7 % soybean oil (SO) or CO diets for 6 week and then supplemented with 0 or 0.5 % CLA for 3, 7, 10 or 14 days. Body fat and ex‐vivo lipolysis was determined. Body fat was reduced by CO on day 7 (P < 0.01) and in both CO and SO‐fed mice (P < 0.05) in response to CLA on d14. Lipolysis was increased by CLA in CO‐fed mice (P < 0.01) but not in SO‐fed mice on day 7 and 10, but on day 14 CLA increased lipolysis in both CO‐ and SO‐fed mice (P < 0.001). Expression and activation level of proteins involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis was determined by western blotting and real‐time PCR, respectively. No significant differences were detected in protein expression. CO‐fed mice had greater fatty acid synthase and stearyl CoA desaturase 1 mRNA expression and less acetyl CoA carboxylase mRNA expression (P < 0.01). Sterol regulatory binding protein 1c was decreased by CLA in CO‐fed mice and increased in SO‐fed mice (P < 0.05). Malic enzyme expression was increased by CLA (P < 0.001) and CO (P < 0.01). Therefore, CLA‐induced lipolysis occurs more rapidly in CO vs SO‐fed mice and lipogenesis is decreased in CO‐fed mice with CLA supplementation.
Synthesis, Molecular Characterization and Preliminary Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Quercetin Fatty Esters
Authors: Mainini Francesca , Contini Alessandro , Nava Donatella , Corsetto Paola Antonia , Rizzo Angela Maria , Agradi Elisabetta , Pini Elena 
Published: September 2013

AbstractQuercetin shows interesting pharmacological effects, but its use in topical applications is limited by its low skin permeability and solubility. In this work, the synthesis of highly lipophilic quercetin esters with oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid useful as topical quercetin prodrugs is reported. Partial OH esterification is advisable to maintain the antioxidant activity of these compounds; tetraesters and triesters can be achieved by modulating the reaction conditions utilized for the total esterification of quercetin. The chemical structures of the esters were proven by spectroscopic techniques; quantum chemical NMR calculation were mandatory to unequivocally assign the free position in triesters. Finally, the antioxidant activity of all the synthesized compounds was determined by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl method and by 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) assay.
A Spectroscopic Method for Hydroxyl Value Determination of Polyols
Authors: Chalasani Siva Rama Krishna , Dewasthale Sudhanwa , Hablot Elodie , Shi Xiangke , Graiver Daniel , Narayan Ramani 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA relatively simple method is described for routine determination of hydroxyl values for a wide range of hydroxyl containing compounds including soybean oil polyols, polyols derived from soy meal, polyether polyols and ethylene glycol as well as their blends. This method is based on reacting the hydroxyl compound with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and determining the FTIR peak area of the silylated product at 1,251 cm−1. The method is simple, accurate and reproducible. It is not limited to a specific family of polyol compounds. It does not require any special equipment, hazardous chemicals and can be carried out by non‐technical staff as a rapid and convenient method for quantitative determination of hydroxyl values. An excellent linear correlation was obtained between this spectroscopic method and conventional titration methods for different polyols over a wide range of hydroxyl values. Furthermore, unlike the titration methods the current method is not affected by the presence of acid, base or small amounts of water in the test sample.
Mechanism of friction reduction of unsaturated fatty acids as additives in diesel fuels
Authors: Martin Jean Michel , Matta Christine , Bouchet Maria-Isabel De Barros , Forest Cyrielle , Le Mogne Thierry , Dubois Thomas , Mazarin Michael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of unsaturated fatty acid additives on the lubricating properties of a biodiesel, composed of a blend of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and a conventional diesel fuel. The presence of fatty acids as additives for biodiesel improves their lubricating properties at elevated temperature conditions. The formation of a protective lubricating tribochemical film on the steel contact surfaces has been evidenced. Elevated temperature conditions and possibly oxygen are needed to form this film that reduces friction and limits wear. Several analytical tools have revealed the insulating nature of the formed tribofilm and its chemical properties. Friction-induced reticulation is thought to play a major role in the growth of this insulating film.
The friction of diamond-like carbon coatings in a water environment
Authors: Sutton D. C. , Limbert G. , Stewart D. , Wood R. J. K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are known to provide beneficial mechanical and tribological properties in harsh environments. Their combination of high wear resistance and low friction has led to their extensive use in any number of industries. The tribological performance of a DLC coating is varied however, and the frictional response is known to be strongly dependent on the surrounding environment, as well as the material composition and bonding structure of the DLC coating. This paper presents an up-to-date review on the friction of DLC coatings in a water environment, with a special focus on transfer layer formation and tribochemistry.
Effect of dicarboxylic acid esters on the lubricity of aviation kerosene for use in CI engines
Authors: Anastopoulos G. , Kalligeros S. , Schinas P. , Zannikos F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
To reduce their fuel related logistic burden, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Armed Forces are advancing the use of a single fuel for both aircraft and ground equipment. To this end, F-34 (the commercial equivalent is Jet A-1) is replacing distillate diesel fuel in many applications. However, tests conducted with this kerosene type on high frequency reciprocating rig showed that this type of fuel causes unacceptable wear. This excessive wear is caused by the poor lubricity of aviation fuel. In order to make this type of fuel compatible with direct injection compression engines, seven di-carboxylic acid esters have tested to improve the lubricity of kerosene. Tribological results showed that all esters tested in this series of experiments seem to be suitable for increasing the kerosene lubricity to a satisfactory level.
Antibody mediated CDCP1 degradation as mode of action for cancer targeted therapy
Authors: Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Niederfellner Gerhard , Lifke Alexander , Spohn Gloria J. , Rieder Natascha , Vega Harring Suzana , Bauss Frieder , Burtscher Helmut , Lammers Reiner , Bossenmaier Birgit 
Published: September 2013

CUB‐domain‐containing‐protein‐1 (CDCP1) is an integral membrane protein whose expression is up‐regulated in various cancer types. Although high CDCP1 expression has been correlated with poor prognosis in lung, breast, pancreas, and renal cancer, its functional role in tumor formation or progression is incompletely understood. So far it has remained unclear, whether CDCP1 is a useful target for antibody therapy of cancer and what could be a desired mode of action for a therapeutically useful antibody. To shed light on these questions, we have investigated the cellular effects of a therapeutic antibody candidate (RG7287). In focus formation assays, prolonged RG7287 treatment prevented the loss of contact inhibition caused by co‐transformation of NIH3T3 cells with CDCP1 and Src. In a xenograft study, MCF7 cells stably overexpressing CDCP1 reached the predefined tumor volume faster than the parental MCF7 cells lacking endogenous CDCP1. This tumor growth advantage was abolished by RG7287 treatment. In vitro, RG7287 induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of CDCP1 by Src, which was accompanied by translocation of CDCP1 to a Triton X‐100 insoluble fraction of the plasma membrane. Triggering these effects required bivalency of the antibody suggesting that it involves CDCP1 dimerization or clustering. However, this initial activation of CDCP1 was only transient and prolonged RG7287 treatment induced internalization and down‐regulation of CDCP1 in different cancer cell lines. Antibody stimulated CDCP1 degradation required Src activity and was proteasome dependent. Also in three different xenograft models with endogenous CDCP1 expression RG7287 treatment resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition concomitant with substantially reduced CDCP1 levels as judged by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Thus, despite transiently activating CDCP1 signaling, the RG7287 antibody has a therapeutically useful mode of action.
Mouvements sociaux et opportunités politiques : les lesbiennes et les gais et l'ajout de l'orientation sexuelle à la Charte québécoise des droits et libertés
Authors: Tremblay Manon 
Published: September 2013

Résumé.En décembre 1977, le gouvernement du Québec, formé par le parti québécois (PQ), modifiait la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne pour y ajouter l'orientation sexuelle comme motif illicite de discrimination, devenant ainsi le premièr gouvernement en Amérique du Nord à interdire la discrimination pour cause d'orientation sexuelle. Le présent texte analyse les raisons pour lesquelles le gouvernement du PQ a agi avec autant d'avant-gardisme en cette matière. Il repose sur l'argument suivant lequel le mouvement des lesbiennes et des gais au Québec a bénéficié d'une conjoncture favorable, tissée d'opportunités de nature politique et culturelle, afin de décrocher une protection de l'État contre la discrimination.Abstract.In December 1977, the Quebec government, formed by the Parti Québécois (PQ), amended the Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms to include sexual orientation as a prohibited ground for discrimination. Quebec thus became the first jurisdiction in North America to prohibit discrimination on the basis of one's sexual orientation. This paper examines the reasons why the PQ government was ahead of everybody else in this matter. It argues that the Quebec lesbian and gay movement benefited from a coincidence of political and cultural opportunities that played in its favor in order to secure legal protection against discrimination.
Estimated verbal IQ and the odds of problem gambling: a population-based study
Authors: Rai D. , Hall W. , Bebbington P. , Skapinakis P. , Hassiotis A. , Weich S. , Meltzer H. , Moran P. , Brugha T. , Strydom A. , Farrell M. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe neurocognitive deficits and other correlates of problem gambling are also observable in individuals with lower cognitive abilities, suggesting that a low IQ may be a determinant of problem gambling. There has been very little research into this possibility. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics associated with problem gambling in a large population-based study in England, with a particular focus on IQ.MethodThe Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2007 comprised detailed interviews with 7403 individuals living in private households in England. Problem gambling was ascertained using a questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test (NART). Confounders included socio-economic and demographic factors, common mental disorders, impulsivity, smoking, and hazardous drug and alcohol use.ResultsMore than two-thirds of the population reported engaging in some form of gambling in the previous year, but problem gambling was rare [prevalence 0.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.5–1.0]. The odds of problem gambling doubled with each standard deviation drop in estimated verbal IQ [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.4, p = 0.003], after adjusting for other characteristics associated with problem gambling including age, sex, socio-economic factors, drug and alcohol dependence, smoking, impulsivity and common mental disorders. There was no strong relationship observed between IQ and non-problem gambling.ConclusionsPeople with lower IQs may be at a higher risk of problem gambling. Further work is required to replicate and study the mechanisms behind these findings, and may aid the understanding of problem gambling and inform preventative measures and interventions.
Rotation-independent representations for haptic movements
Authors: Shioiri Satoshi , Yamazaki Takanori , Matsumiya Kazumichi , Kuriki Ichiro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe existence of a common mechanism for visual and haptic representations has been reported in object perception. In contrast, representations of movements might be more specific to modalities. Referring to the vertical axis is natural for visual representations whereas a fixed reference axis might be inappropriate for haptic movements and thus also inappropriate for its representations in the brain. The present study found that visual and haptic movement representations are processed independently. A psychophysical experiment examining mental rotation revealed the well-known effect of rotation angle for visual representations whereas no such effect was found for haptic representations. We also found no interference between processes for visual and haptic movements in an experiment where different stimuli were presented simultaneously through visual and haptic modalities. These results strongly suggest that (1) there are separate representations of visual and haptic movements and (2) the haptic process has a rotation-independent representation.
Fabrication and thermal stability characterisation of Ru electrode used for high power contact radio frequency microelectromechanical system switch
Authors: Zhang Hongze , Wang Wei , Li Zhihong 
Published: September 2013

Reported are the fabrication and thermal stability of an Ru electrode, which is used for a high power Ru–Au contact radio frequency microelectromechanical system switch with a microspring contact design. In this reported work, a new process with bilayer lift‐off and a strain release layer is developed, thereby acquiring the 3000 Å Ti/Au/Ru electrode with excellent smooth edges for high‐power handling capacity and low loss. Furthermore, thermal tests under 400, 500 and 600°C for over 1 h have been performed. Investigation of the surface with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy shows that the electrode has a good thermal stability at 400°C, which is proper for high‐power handling. The cold switch DC current handling capacity is advanced from <90 mA per point (failed) to 100 mA per point (still working).
Pheromone responsiveness threshold depends on temporal integration by antennal lobe projection neurons
Authors: Tabuchi Masashi , Sakurai Takeshi , Mitsuno Hidefumi , Namiki Shigehiro , Minegishi Ryo , Shiotsuki Takahiro , Uchino Keiro , Sezutsu Hideki , Tamura Toshiki , Haupt Stephan Shuichi , Nakatani Kei , Kanzaki Ryohei 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The olfactory system of male moths exhibits the ability to detect minute amounts of sex pheromones. How this extreme sensitivity is achieved remains unclear. Using optogenetic techniques to activate a pheromone-responsive olfactory receptor neuron, our results reveal that weak olfactory inputs, but not strong inputs, are temporally integrated in second-order projection neurons to promote behavioral responsiveness. Furthermore, temporal integration of strong olfactory inputs is inhibited by GABAergic mechanisms, indicating that GABA signaling suppresses the amplification of strong stimuli. The timescale of this temporal integration corresponds well to the temporal dynamics of odor signals in the natural environment, suggesting that the olfactory systems of male moths use this mechanism to detect weak pheromone signals in the air.
The Nature of Philosophical Argument
Authors: Matilal Bimal Krishna 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This chapter aims to provide a somewhat broader perspective of Indian philosophy in the background of which philosophical arguments regarding perception and knowledge were developed. It deals with issues whose relevance with the main theme of this book may not be immediately obvious, but nevertheless the importance of these issues for forming a proper conception of what Indian philosophy is all about. The first section of this chapter contrasts philosophy with soteriology. The second section discusses the Nyāya project of philosophical inquiry. The third section considers debate and dialectic. The term ‘dialectic’ refers to the art of philosophic disputation in ancient India. The last section contrasts negation and refutation.
Interpreting variation in fish-based food web indicators: the importance of “bottom-up limitation” and “top-down control” processes
Authors: Reilly T. O. M. , Fraser H. M. , Fryer R. J. , Clarke J. , Greenstreet S. P. R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractReilly, T. O. M., Fraser, H. M., Fryer, R. J., Clarke, J., and Greenstreet, S. P. R. 2014. Interpreting variation in fish-based food web indicators: the importance of “bottom-up limitation” and “top-down control” processes. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 406–416. Proposed indicators for the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) food webs Descriptor focus on structural elements of food webs, and in particular on the abundance and productivity of top predators. However, the inferences that can be drawn from such indicators depend on whether or not the predators are “bottom-up limited” by the availability of their prey. Many seabird populations appear to be “bottom-up limited” so that variation in their reproductive success and/or abundance reflects changes in lower trophic levels. Here we find that gadoid fish predators off the Firth of Forth, southeast Scotland, do not appear to be “bottom-up limited” by the biomass of their main prey, 0-group sandeels; gadoid biomass and feeding performance was independent of sandeel biomass. Variability in food web indicators based on these gadoid predators seems to impart little insight into underlying processes occurring at lower trophic levels in the local food web. The implications of this in terms of how the currently proposed MSFD food web indicators should be used and interpreted are considered, and the ramifications in terms of setting targets representing good environmental status for both fish and seabird communities are discussed.
Coral communities on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: standing vs. toppled oil platforms
Authors: Sammarco P.W. , Lirette A. , Tung Y.F. , Boland G.S. , Genazzio M. , Sinclair J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Sammarco, P. W., Lirette, A., Tung, Y. F., Boland, G. S., Genazzio, M., and Sinclair, J. 2014. Coral communities on artificial reefs in the Gulf of Mexico: standing vs. toppled oil platforms. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 417–426. Thousands of oil platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico have provided hard substrate for settlement of Caribbean corals and have facilitated their range expansion. The US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management now allows platforms to be purposely toppled to the bottom and used as artificial reefs to promote fisheries development. We compared the coral communities on standing offshore oil/gas production platforms with those on “Rigs-to-Reef” structures through Remotely Operated Vehicle reconnaissance (max. depth ∼110 m) to assess comparative population sizes of several coral species. Corals found were the zooxanthellate Madracis decactis and azooxanthellate Tubastraea coccinea, Oculina diffusa, and Phyllangia americana. There was no significant difference in total coral density between standing and toppled platforms, due to varying species-specific abundances. Madracis decactis and T. coccinea densities were significantly higher on toppled structures than on standing ones, P. americana was more abundant on standing platforms, and O. diffusa densities were not significantly different between the two sets of platforms. Corals were distributed more deeply on standing platforms than on toppled ones (particularly O. diffusa and P. americana). Madracis decactis (requiring light) and T. coccinea were concentrated at shallower depths (≤50 m). Rigs-to-Reefs structures serve as substrate for coral settlement. The probability of continued coral growth in these early stages of succession varies between species, when considering standing vs. toppled structures. We did not see overall evidence that toppling enhanced hermatypic coral populations, increased coral abundances in general, or created 3D reef-like fish habitat.