bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HRM‐market performance relationship: evidence from Bangladeshi organizations
Authors: Absar Nurul , Nimalathasan Balasundaram , Mahmood Monowar 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on the market performance of manufacturing industries in Bangladesh. As one of the pioneer studies, it is hoped that this research will convince organizations that by adopting systematic and efficient HRM practices, they will achieve competitive advantages.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative survey was used to gather data from publicly listed, large manufacturing companies in Bangladesh. Modified questionnaires were used to measure the adoption of HRM practices and the perceived market performance of the organizations. The statistical programme, SPSS, was used to analyse and interpret the results.FindingsThe study revealed that HRM practices have a positive impact on organizations’ market performance. However, among different HRM practices, the performance appraisal seems to have the highest impact. Among the others, employee training and development, and the compensation practices were shown to have higher positive impacts than recruitment and selection practices.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes that in order to improve their competitiveness and gain competitive advantages, business organizations in Bangladesh need to adopt systematic HRM practices. The paper's findings will encourage the next generation of business entrepreneurs to develop systematic HRM practices and corporate management culture in Bangladesh.Originality/valueThe paper validates the effectiveness of the US and European developed HRM practices in an Eastern developing country context. This is one of the pioneer studies which followed methodological rigor to validate the much discussed HRM‐performance relationship in Bangladesh.
Teachers’ professional discourse in a Japanese lesson study
Authors: Suzuki Yuta 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a case study that was conducted in a Japanese elementary school in order to examine what kinds of teachers’ discourse support the professional development of teachers in lesson study.Design/methodology/approachThis research employed an intensive case study design that primarily focused on teachers’ discourse in post‐lesson conferences held at the school. In addition, it relied on a variety of ethnographic data obtained over a two‐year period. To scrutinise teachers’ professional development, the authors selected two cases where the research lessons were conducted by the same teacher.FindingsThe teachers’ discourse in the lesson study can be classified into the following six discursive modes: (A) Simple question and answer (B) Is the alternative teaching approach better? (C) What is the best way of teaching X? (D) Did the children learn what the teacher intended them to? (E) Did the teacher teach what the children actually learned? and (F) What did the teacher learn from watching the children learn? The research teacher’s tasks for developing as a teaching professional were elicited from her colleagues’ discourse, which was characterised by the discursive modes (E) and (F).Originality/valueThis study illuminated the nature of teachers’ professional discourse from the viewpoint of discursive modes in a Japanese lesson study. The discursive modes (B), (C) and (D) were classified as problem‐solving discourse in the context of given problems; the discursive modes (E) and (F) were classified as problem‐setting discourse.
Can findings from learning studies be shared by others?
Authors: Kullberg Angelika 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore whether the insights gained by teachers in a learning study can be shared by others and used to enhance other students’ learning.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory study analysed how four Mathematics teachers implemented the knowledge gained about student learning from a learning study about decimal numbers in their teaching. The teachers enacted two lessons with different conditions in terms of the knowledge identified about student learning in a total of eight classes in the fifth and sixth grades.FindingsThe findings indicate that, when the teachers enacted the knowledge in their lessons, students’ learning improved significantly as compared to when only some parts of this knowledge were enacted.Practical implicationsThis suggests that teachers can produce knowledge that is also usable for other teachers and that enables better possibilities for student learning.Originality/valueThe study provides insights as to what extent findings from learning studies can be valuable for others.
Potential effects of prescribed savannah burning on the diet selection of forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus) in Lopé National Park, Gabon
Authors: van der Hoek Yntze , Lustenhouwer Ivo , Jeffery Kathryn J. , van Hooft Pim 
Published: August 2012

AbstractSeasonality and management are factors that may affect the diet selection of the forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus). Fire is considered a major driving force in savannah systems and prescribed burning is a commonly applied conservation tool in protected areas such as Lopé National Park, Gabon. Prescribed annual fires contribute to the maintenance of open areas and provide high‐quality forage for forest buffalo, a major herbivore in the park. We used microhistological faecal analysis to determine the diet selection of forest buffalo and measured the extent of variation between a dry season, preburn and a wet season, postburn sampling period. The buffalo diet comprised mainly of monocotyledons, primarily grasses (Poaceae) and sedges (Cyperaceae). Intake of open‐area‐associated plant species was higher in the wet season, postburn treatment sampling period (97%) than the dry season, preburn sampling period (87%), which corresponded conversely to a reduction in forest‐associated Marantaceae plants (10% versus 1%). High proportions of grasses and sedges in the diet signify the importance of open areas for forest buffalo. Controlled burning as tool for maintenance of open areas may play a key role in the meta‐population management of the forest buffalo.
Asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis in children
Authors: Raja Raheel Altaf , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Frandsen Thomas Leth 
Published: August 2012

Summaryl‐asparaginase has been an element in the treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma since the late 1960s and remains an essential component of their combination chemotherapy. Among the major toxicities associated with l‐asparaginase therapy are pancreatitis, allergic reactions, thrombotic events, hepatotoxicity and hyperlipidaemia. Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for stopping treatment with l‐asparaginase. Short‐term complications of asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis include development of pseudocysts and pancreatic necrosis. Long‐term complications include chronic pancreatitis and diabetes. The pathophysiology of asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis remains to be uncovered. Individual clinical and genetic risk factors have been identified, but they are only weak predictors of pancreatitis. This review explores the definition, possible risk factors, treatment and complications of asparaginase‐associated pancreatitis.
An evolutionary game of leaf dynamics and its consequences for canopy structure
Authors: Hikosaka Kouki , Anten Niels P. R. 
Published: August 2012

Summary

Canopy photosynthesis models combined with optimization theory have been an important tool to understand environmental responses and interspecific variations in vegetation structure and functioning, but their predictions are often quantitatively incorrect. Although evolutionary game theory and the dynamic modelling of leaf turnover have been suggested useful to solve this problem, there is no model that combines these features.

Here, we present such a model of leaf area dynamics that incorporates game theory.

Leaf area index (LAI; leaf area per unit ground area) was predicted to increase with an increasing degree of interaction between genetically distinct neighbour plants in light interception. This implies that stands of clonal plants that consist of genetically identical daughter ramets have different LAI from other plants. LAI was also sensitive to the assumed vertical pattern of leaf shedding: LAI was predicted to increase with the degree to which leaves were assumed to be shed from higher positions in the canopy. Our model provides more realistic predictions of LAI than previous static optimization, dynamic optimization or static game theoretical models.

We suggest that both leaf dynamics and game theoretical considerations of plant competition are indispensable to scale from individual leaf traits to the structure and functioning of vegetation stands, especially in herbaceous species.
The development and psychometric testing of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents Breastfeeding Scale
Authors: Grassley Jane S. , Spencer Becky S. , Bryson Deborah 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo report the development and psychometric testing of the Supportive Needs of Adolescents Breastfeeding Scale.BackgroundNurses worldwide can influence adolescent mothers' decisions to initiate and continue breastfeeding through understanding their social support needs in the early postpartum. Review of the literature reveals a lack of instruments that measure adolescents' perceptions of supportive nursing behaviours when initiating breastfeeding.MethodAn instrument development and psychometric evaluation study was conducted. In phase 1, scale items were developed from the literature using social support theory. Eight lactation consultants evaluated the scale's content validity in phase 2. During phase 3, the psychometric properties of the scale were tested using item analysis, scale reliability, and exploratory factor analysis. A convenience sample of 101 adolescents, aged 15–20 years old, was recruited during their postpartum stay at three hospitals in the USA between July 2009–July 2010.ResultsContent validity index was 0·82. Alpha estimate of internal consistency was 0·83. Principal components analysis resulted in a 3 factor scale that explained 48% of the total variance: Practical support, Informational support and Miscellaneous.ConclusionThe findings suggest evidence of the scale's adequate internal consistency. The factor analysis suggests two clear underlying dimensions of support: instrumental/emotional/appraisal and informational/emotional/appraisal, and a third miscellaneous dimension related to immediate skin‐to‐skin care and mothers' support persons. Further exploration of the possible global implications of the scale's dimensions is needed.
Predictors of successful transition to Registered Nurse
Authors: Phillips Craig , Esterman Adrian , Smith Colleen , Kenny Amanda 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo identify predictors of successful transition from undergraduate student to registered nurse and to identify whether any particular pre‐registration paid employment choice impacted on transition.BackgroundNursing students in Australia and internationally, engage in a variety of paid employment whilst completing their university studies. However, there is little empirical evidence about the different types of employment chosen by students and any relationship to graduate nurse transition.DesignA descriptive questionnaire survey.MethodThis cross‐sectional study was conducted with newly graduated nurses throughout Australia. The survey data were collected over 4 months in 2011, with 392 registered nurses completing a questionnaire.ResultsRespondents were categorized into four groups, according to their chosen work type (hospitality/retail, enrolled nurse, other healthcare worker, and non‐worker) and transition scores were identified. Transition scores were significantly higher for undergraduates who were employed compared with non‐workers. Postregistration institutional work factors appeared to be stronger predictors of successful transition than pre‐registration employment factors. Assistance in dealing with complex patients, orientation to a new environment, and respect from colleagues were the best predictors for successful transition.ConclusionsEngaging in some form of paid employment in the final year of undergraduate university study is beneficial. However, it is not pre‐registration employment choice per se that is the best predictor of successful transition, but the influence of work factors which new graduates experience in their first year of practice.
Clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses of Impaired Tissue Integrity and Impaired Skin Integrity in patients subjected to cardiac catheterization
Authors: Paganin Angelita , Rabelo Eneida Rejane 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo validate, clinically, the defining characteristics for the nursing diagnoses of Impaired Tissue Integrity and Impaired Skin Integrity in patients subjected to heart catheterization and to validate acute pain, haematoma, bleeding, redness, and heat as additional characteristics.BackgroundIn clinical practice, an applicable nursing diagnosis for patients subjected to diagnostic heart catheterization has not been well‐defined.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThis clinical validation study using Fehring's model was performed at a Brazilian general hospital between November 2009–November 2010. This study included 250 patients who received elective femoral artery catheterization. Each patient was identified as having two characteristics of Impaired Tissue Integrity and three characteristics of Impaired Skin Integrity, according to NANDA‐I nursing diagnoses. Due to certain postprocedure events, five additional characteristics were added to be validated in this setting. In addition to Fehring's reliability rating, the kappa coefficient was used to evaluate inter‐rater agreement during the clinical evaluation.ResultsThe defining characteristic of damaged tissue was validated for Impaired Tissue Integrity and the defining characteristics of the invasion of body structures and the disruption of the skin surface were validated for Impaired Skin Integrity. Although the five characteristics that were added to the investigated diagnoses were not validated because of their low rate of occurrence in this setting, the measurements of acute pain, haematoma, bleeding, redness, and heat each had excellent inter‐rater agreement.ConclusionThe validation of characteristics from both of these diagnoses suggested that these criteria could be utilized for clinical practice in a diagnostic setting. Moreover, additional characteristics should also be observed to better guide nursing intervention.
Experiences of young adults growing up with innate or early acquired HIV infection – a qualitative study
Authors: Rydström Lise‐Lott , Ygge Britt‐Marie , Tingberg Björn , Navèr Lars , Eriksson Lars E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo explore the experience of young adults growing up and living with HIV in urban Sweden.BackgroundHIV has become a widespread pandemic. Effective antiretroviral treatment has dramatically increased the survival rate of infected individuals, such that HIV infection is currently considered a chronic disease where treatment is available. Data concerning the experience of living with HIV since early childhood is scarce and more empirical knowledge is needed to direct the development of adequate care and interventions for this growing demographic.DesignExploratory qualitative study.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with ten HIV‐infected young adults over the period from January–August 2008. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe analysis revealed five categories illustrating the experiences of growing up and living with HIV in Sweden: (1) to protect oneself from the risk of being stigmatized; (2) to be in control; (3) losses in life, but HIV is not a big deal; (4) health care/healthcare providers; and (5) belief in the future.ConclusionIt is essential to offer a safe, trustworthy, and professional healthcare environment during the upbringing of HIV‐infected children. Evidence‐based interventions are needed to improve care and support, particularly about the handling of stigma and discrimination.
Protecting, providing, and participating: fathers' roles during their child's unplanned hospital stay, an ethnographic study
Authors: Higham Sue , Davies Ruth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo gain an increased understanding of fathers' experiences during their child's stay in hospital as an unplanned admission for acute illness or injury.BackgroundFamily‐centred care is promoted in children's nursing as providing high quality care but internationally, research has in the main focused on mothers whilst fathers' contribution to care remains relatively under explored.DesignA qualitative field study.MethodsThe study was conducted from August 2009–December 2010 involving 150 hours of ethnographic observation on two children's wards and interviews with 12 fathers and seven qualified children's nurses.FindingsFathers wanted to be with their sick child in hospital and made essential contributions to the whole family's experience. Three aspects of the fathers role in caring for their sick child in hospital were identified which included: protecting, providing for the family, and participating in care.ConclusionFathers, no less than mothers, want to be with and care for their sick child in hospital, yet they face challenges in doing so. The working practices of children's nurses and other healthcare professionals must take into account that fathers play a significant role in caring for their sick child in hospital but may do this alongside paid work and caring for well siblings.
Quaternary palaeoenvironmental oscillations drove the evolution of the Eurasian Carassius auratus complex (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)
Authors: Gao Yun , Wang Shu‐Yan , Luo Jing , Murphy Robert W. , Du Rui , Wu Shi‐Fang , Zhu Chun‐Ling , Li Yan , Poyarkov Andrei D. , Nguyen Sang Ngoc , Luan Peng‐Tao , Zhang Ya‐Ping 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAim  We sought to reconstruct the spatio‐temporal genetic diversification in goldfish of the Carassius auratus complex, which is widely distributed in Eurasia, to test whether vicariance events or human‐mediated translocations best explained lineage divergence and genogeographical history.Location  East Asia and the Oriental islands including Japan, the Ryukyus and Taiwan, and Europe, including Russia and the Czech Republic.Methods  We reconstructed the matrilineal history of Eurasian goldfish using 1876 sequences from the partial mitochondrial DNA control region (426 bp) and 191 complete sequences of cytochrome b (1140 bp) from 67 localities representing most of the range of the species. Divergence times were estimated using a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo approach based either on molecular clock data or on the fossil record. Genetic structure and the historical demography of populations were analysed using partial correlation tests and analyses of molecular variance.Results  Three lineages had high levels of regional specificity. Lineages A and B from the main islands of Japan differed greatly from lineage C, which occurred on the mainland, Taiwan and the Ryukyus. Lineages A and B had late Pliocene origins. Six geographically constrained sublineages within lineage C had near‐simultaneous mid‐Pleistocene divergences.Main conclusions  Genetic structure in the C. auratus complex appears to have been driven by palaeoenvironmental perturbations rather than human translocations. The disappearance of a land bridge in the Tsushima Strait around 3.0 Ma is responsible for the separation of Japanese and continental lineages; the estimated divergence time is 2.75–2.32 Ma. Fujian, China and Vietnam appear to have provided important refugia for the C. auratus complex during glaciation. After warm, moist summer monsoons intensified during the mid‐Pleistocene, goldfish are likely to have dispersed north‐eastwards to recolonize the Ryukyus via Taiwan and northwards to recolonize mainland China.
Three mechanisms in Escherichia coli rescue ribosomes stalled on non‐stop mRNAs: one of them requires release factor 2
Authors: Pech Markus , Nierhaus Knud H. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe tmRNA/SmpB system, which is almost universal in bacteria, rescues bacterial ribosomes stalled at the end of non‐stop mRNAs (mRNAs lacking a stop codon). In addition, a few bacteria, including Escherichia coli, have developed a second two‐component system as reported by Chadani et al. (). A small protein, ArfA of 55 amino acids (formerly called YdhL), mediates binding of release factor 2 to the ribosomal A site lacking a complete mRNA codon and thereby triggers translational termination and rescue of the stalled ribosome.
Equity in health: tuberculosis in the Bolivian immigrant community of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Martinez Vanessa N. , Komatsu Naomi K. , De Figueredo Sumie M. , Waldman Eliseu A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjectives  To analyse the profile of tuberculosis (TB) among Bolivian immigrants, investigate the impact that this population has on the trends of TB and assess equity in access to TB treatment, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil.Methods  Descriptive study of the epidemiological profile of TB in four city districts with large Bolivian populations, comparing cases among Brazilians and Bolivians, during the 1998–2008 period was carried out. We used logistic regression to adjust the treatment outcome for potential confounders.Results  We identified 2056 new TB cases: 65.7% in Brazilians, 32.1% in Bolivians and 2.2% among other nationalities. Although TB incidence remained stable (high) over the study period, the annual proportion of cases among Bolivians increased from 15.0% to 53.0%. In comparison with the Brazilians, the Bolivians were younger (median age, 24 vs. 40 years; P < 0.0001) and presented a lower unemployment rate (3.1%vs. 11.6%; P < 0.0001), a lower rate of HIV co‐infection (1.5%vs. 28.5%; P < 0.001), a higher proportion of individuals receiving supervised treatment (81.5%vs. 62.0%; P < 0.0001) and a higher proportion of cures (71.6%vs. 63.2%; P < 0.0001). After having been adjusted for potential confounder, cure after treatment was not associated with nationality.Conclusions  Bolivian immigrants influenced the incidence but not the trends of TB among Brazilians in the study area. We found no significant differences between Bolivians and Brazilians regarding healthcare access or treatment outcome. Guaranteed universal health care access for all, including undocumented individuals, contributes to health equity. Specific intervention strategies are warranted for immigrants with tuberculosis.