bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ikonografia tarnowskich drzwi Bronisława Chromego w kontekście ideologicznych sporów wokół martyrologii wojennej
Authors: Ryba Grażyna 
Published: December 2014

W 1984 roku powstały drzwi brązowe do kościoła św. Maksymiliana w Tarnowie wykonane przez krakowskiego rzeźbiarza Bronisława Chromego. Artysta nazwał swoje dzieło „Pomnikiem Męczeństwa Narodów” i połączył w tworzącym je cyklu płaskorzeźb wątek martyrologiczny, który ukazuje mechanizm działania niemieckich obozów śmierci, z przedstawieniem św. Maksymiliana, jego pobytu w Auschwitz, heroicznej śmierci i ostatecznego triumfu, głoszonej przez niego idei miłości. Praca Chromego wpisuje się tym samym w nurt polemiki ideologicznej pomiędzy państwem komunistycznym i Kościołem w kwestii jego roli i postawy chrześcijan w czasie drugiej wojny światowej. Treść i forma przedstawień na Drzwiach Tarnowskich wpisuje się też w krąg dzieł Chromego ukazujących kształtowanie się mistycznej postawy artysty.
Iść za dowodami, dokądkolwiek prowadzą. Nawrócenie słynnego ateisty – profesora Antony’ego Flewa
Authors: Maziarka Tomasz 
Published: December 2014

Artykuł relacjonuje intelektualną podróż, od ateizmu do wiary w Boga, jednego z najbardziej znanych filozofów XX wieku – Antony’ego Flewa. Pierwsza część zawiera krytykę teizmu, którą przedstawił Flew w kilku szeroko dyskutowanych pracach. Druga odnosi się do trzech argumentów, które w opinii filozofa przemawiają za istnieniem Boga. Pierwszy z nich dotyczy faktu istnienia praw przyrody i można wyrazić go pytaniem: skąd wzięły się prawa przyrody? Drugi wiąże się z zagadką powstania życia: w jaki sposób życie wyłoniło się z martwej materii? Wreszcie trzecią racją jest sam fakt istnienia świata: dlaczego świat istnieje? Teistyczny punkt widzenia, będący owocem intelektualnych poszukiwań, zwięźle ujmują słowa nawróconego: „Wierzę, że wszechświat został powołany do istnienia przez nieskończoną Inteligencję. Wierzę, że misterne prawa kształtujące strukturę wszechświata są wyrazem tego, co naukowcy określają mianem «Umysł Boga». Wierzę, że fenomen życia i jego zdolność do reprodukcji posiada swe źródło w Bogu”.
Wspólnota życia i miłości. Wybrane zagadnienia z teologii komunii małżeństwa i rodziny
Authors: Smuniewski Cezary 
Published: December 2014

Małżeństwo i rodzina widziane jako „wspólnota życia i miłości” zachęcają w świetle współcześnie rozwijanej teologii komunii do wielu refleksji, badań i opracowań. Niniejsze studium podejmuje niektóre zagadnienia spośród wielu, które domagają się wnikliwych przemyśleń i analiz. Przybliżone zatem zostaną kwestie umiejscowienia teologii komunii małżeństwa i rodziny w odniesieniach szczególnie do tajemnicy Trójcy Świętej i Kościoła. Podjęty zostaje także temat „samotności człowieka” w kontekście wydarzenia, jakim jest małżeństwo i rodzina. Całość przedstawionego opracowania zamykają trzy szczegółowe zagadnienia, będące swoistego rodzaju napięciem niesionym przez współczesność, a z którymi w nieunikniony sposób musi zderzyć się praktyka życia człowieka powołanego i uzdolnionego do tworzenia relacji komunijnych. Te zagadnienia to: wychowanie w dziedzinie emocji, cielesność człowieka i „narcyzm partnerów”.
Pilne zadanie uczniów Chrystusa: głosić radość Ewangelii we współczesnym świecie
Authors: Szmulewicz Henryk 
Published: December 2014

Słychać często opinie ludzi wierzących, skarżących się na brak umiejętności przekazywania innym daru orędzia Ewangelii (np. poszukującym prawdy o Bogu ludziom niewierzącym czy wątpiącym) w sposób dla nich zrozumiały. Dlatego tak ważne jest, aby wobec pojawiających się trudności, nie tracili cierpliwości oraz zawsze liczyli na Bożą pomoc, która niezawodnie jest udzielona, gdyż kwestia poznania prawd objawionych i radość z tego poznania płynąca nie jest sprawą błahą i nieważną. To kwestia zasadnicza w całym dziele ewangelizacji. W tym duchu papież Franciszek w swej adhortacji apostolskiej Evangelii gaudium wzywa wszystkich wierzących do gorliwego zaangażowania się w głoszenie radości Ewangelii. Należy traktować to zadanie jako pilne, biorąc pod uwagę konkretne uwarunkowania codziennego życia we współczesnym świecie. Niniejsze studium jest analizą kilku przykładów wyzwań, które – zgodnie z nauczaniem papieża Franciszka – mogą przyczynić się do wzrostu apostolskiego zaangażowania i zapału, potwierdzając, że głoszenie Ewangelii jest we współczesnym świecie zadaniem pilnym.
The Americleft Speech Project: A Training and Reliability Study
Authors: Chapman Kathy L. , Baylis Adriane , Trost-Cardamone Judith , Cordero Kelly Nett , Dixon Angela , Dobbelsteyn Cindy , Thurmes Anna , Wilson Kristina , Harding-Bell Anne , Sweeney Triona , Stoddard Gregory , Sell Debbie 
Published: December 2014

Objective To describe the results of two reliability studies and to assess the effect of training on interrater reliability scores. Design The first study (1) examined interrater and intrarater reliability scores (weighted and unweighted kappas) and (2) compared interrater reliability scores before and after training on the use of the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech–Augmented (CAPS-A) with British English-speaking children. The second study examined interrater and intrarater reliability on a modified version of the CAPS-A (CAPS-A Americleft Modification) with American and Canadian English-speaking children. Finally, comparisons were made between the interrater and intrarater reliability scores obtained for Study 1 and Study 2. Participants The participants were speech-language pathologists from the Americleft Speech Project. Results In Study 1, interrater reliability scores improved for 6 of the 13 parameters following training on the CAPS-A protocol. Comparison of the reliability results for the two studies indicated lower scores for Study 2 compared with Study 1. However, this appeared to be an artifact of the kappa statistic that occurred due to insufficient variability in the reliability samples for Study 2. When percent agreement scores were also calculated, the ratings appeared similar across Study 1 and Study 2. Conclusion The findings of this study suggested that improvements in interrater reliability could be obtained following a program of systematic training. However, improvements were not uniform across all parameters. Acceptable levels of reliability were achieved for those parameters most important for evaluation of velopharyngeal function.
Use of the On-Q Pain Pump in Alveolar Bone Grafting: Effect on Hospit Length of Stay
Authors: Muzaffar Arshad R. , Warren Abby , Baker Lynette 
Published: December 2014

Objective Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) with iliac crest bone graft can be associated with significant pain at the donor site. The On-Q pain pump has been shown to be efficacious in treating postsurgical pain. The aim of this study was to compare the length of postoperative hospital stay in patients undergoing ABG who received the On-Q pain pump at the iliac crest donor site (On-Q+) with that of patients who did not receive the On-Q pain pump (On-Q-). Design A retrospective, cohort study, approved by institutional review board, was performed. Thirty-one consecutive patients in the On-Q- group were compared with 38 consecutive patients in the On-Q– group. The two cohorts were assessed for length of stay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact probability test. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Patients Sixty-nine patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) undergoing secondary ABG with iliac crest bone graft were operated on between May 1993 and January 2014. Main Outcome Measure Length of postoperative hospital stay. Result Mean length of stay in the On-Q– patients was 0.52 days versus 0.37 days for the On-Q– patients. This difference between the two cohorts was not statistically significant (P = .234). Conclusion Although there is a trend toward a shorter length of stay in our patients who received the On-Q pump, this finding was not statistically significant. Given the expense and additional burden of care associated with the device, we have become more selective in its utilization.
Two Cases of Cleft Lip and Other Congenital Anomalies in Wild Chimpanzees Living in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Krief Sabrina , Watts David P. , Mitani John C. , Krief Jean-Michel , Cibot Marie , Bortolamiol Sarah , Seguya Andrew G. , Couly Gérard 
Published: December 2014

Design Observations of wild chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) were conducted in Kibale National Park, Uganda, at the sites of Sebitoli and Ngogo. Results We report the first two cases of cleft lip in wild chimpanzees. Additionally, some other chimpanzees in the Sebitoli community show facial dysplasia and congenital anomalies, such as patches of depigmented hairs and limb defects. Conclusions Cleft lip has been documented in several species of nonhuman primates, but much remains unknown about the occurrence of cleft lip and cleft palate in great apes, probably because such malformations are rare, wild apes are difficult to monitor and observe, and severe cases associated with cleft palates render suckling impossible and lead to early death of infants. The genetic basis of such defects in great apes warrants investigation, as does the possibility that environmental toxins contribute to their etiology in Kibale in ways that could affect humans as well.
Silage Fermentation Characteristics of Napiergrass Harvested at Various Times on a Sunny Day
Authors: Guo Gang , Yuan XianJun , Wen AiYou , Liu Qiang , Zhang ShuanLin , Shao Tao 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTGrasses exhibit variations in chemical composition and epiphytic microorganisms during daytime. These variations may influence the natural fermentation characteristics of silage. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cutting times on chemical composition and epiphytic microorganisms of fresh napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Sch.) and of these effects on fermentation quality of unwilted silage on a sunny day. Primary growth of napiergrass was harvested in its vegetative stage at 0800 (AM), 1300 (M), and 1800 h (PM) on three sunny days. Napiergrass prepared at each cutting time was ensiled in laboratory silos in triplicate and sampled after 30 d to analyze the fermentation attributes and microbial counts. Bacterial community on fresh and post‐ensiled forage samples were determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, which were harvested on cutting Day 1. The results showed that 30‐d fermented napiergrass silages had good fermentation quality. Lactobacillus plantarum was detected in all silages throughout the ensiling. The fermentation characteristics for silage made with PM‐cut napiergrass were better, with higher (P < 0.05) dry matter, water‐soluble carbohydrates, and lactic acid concentrations and lower (P < 0.05) NH3–N concentration, than those made with AM‐ and M‐cut forages. In conclusion, delayed‐cutting napiergrass on a sunny day was associated with good silage fermentation characteristics.
Genetic Variation for Dry Matter Yield, Forage Quality, and Seed Traits Among the Half‐Sib Progeny of Nine Orchardgrass Germplasm Populations
Authors: Robins Joseph G. , Bushman B. Shaun , Jensen Kevin B. , Escribano Sandra , Blaser Greg 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA potential strategy to address the lack of success of North American orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) breeding programs to increase forage yield and other agronomic traits is the incorporation of novel sources of germplasm. In an attempt to identify novel orchardgrass germplasm sources with agronomic potential, the study described herein characterized 162 half‐sib families (HSFs) from six orchardgrass germplasm populations and three orchardgrass cultivars. Study conditions were Millville, UT, and Rexburg, ID, field sites with data collection from 2008 to 2010. The genotype × location interaction variance differed from zero for dry matter yield, crude protein, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber, and seed weight. Within location broad‐sense heritability differed for all traits at both locations (0.36 ±0.10 to 0.77 ±0.03) except IVTD at Rexburg. For each trait there were HSFs that possessed values similar to or better than the included check cultivars (CCs). Additionally, in several instances the mean phenotype of the HSFs from a specific family was better than the phenotype of the corresponding parental population and/or the mean phenotype of the CCs. Overall, for each trait there existed sufficient genetic variation to develop an elite orchardgrass breeding program for irrigated conditions.
Heterosis and Combining Ability of F1 Hybrid Sweet Sorghum in Thailand
Authors: Bunphan Darika , Jaisil Prasit , Sanitchon Jirawat , Knoll Joseph E. , Anderson William F. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a sugar‐based biofuel crop that is well‐suited to tropical environments. Most sweet sorghum cultivars are open‐pollinated, but hybrids could offer yield and seed production advantages. Fifteen hybrids were generated among five female and three male parents. The hybrids, parents, and three inbred checks were evaluated for sugar yield and related traits under two environments in Thailand in 2013: Field Crop Research Station at Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, and National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Nakhon Ratchasima. Theoretical sugar yield was positively correlated with juice dissolved solids (Brix), plant height, stalk diameter, biomass yield, stripped stalk yield, and theoretical juice yield. Grain yield was negatively correlated with juice dissolved solids and theoretical sugar yield. Positive heterosis for juice dissolved solids was not observed, though five hybrids had negative mid‐parent heterosis for this trait. Positive heterosis for biomass yield, theoretical juice yield, and grain yield was observed in some hybrids. General combining ability was observed for most traits, but specific combining ability (SCA) effects were of greater importance. Overall, the hybrids KKA‐11 × BJ248, KKA‐11 × KKU40, KKA‐139 × BJ248, KKA‐14 × KKU40, and KKA‐53 × Theis had the greatest SCA for theoretical sugar yield. In producing ethanol from both sugar and grain fractions, two of the hybrids in this study (KKA‐11 × BJ248 and KKA‐139 × BJ248) could produce approximately 4600 L ha−1 ethanol in Thailand.
Continuous Controls Monitoring: A Case Study
Authors: Lombardi Danielle R. , Vasarhelyi Miklos A. , Verver John 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT
This case investigates the benefits and challenges that come with implementing continuous controls monitoring (CCM). CCM has been considered by the audit and information systems professions for years. However, a primary problem entails how to effectively integrate this methodology within large technological infrastructures. Because of increasing interest in controls monitoring, professional publications have generated information regarding the potential benefits of CCM, thereby creating awareness and addressing practical implementation issues along the way. We analyze the CCM program used by Premier Plasma Center, a global biotherapeutic and biotechnology company. This case is applicable to auditing, accounting information systems, and other business curricula that examine company controls and their monitoring activities.
Data Availability: For data availability, please email the corresponding author.
New fossil records of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from the European Oligocene and lower Miocene
Authors: Kvaček Zlatko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract New compression leaf material of Ceratozamia (Zamiaceae) has been recognised in the European Cenozoic. A leaflet of Ceratozamia floersheimensis (Engelhardt) Kvaček was recovered among unidentified material from the Oligocene of Trbovlje, former Trifail, Slovenia, housed in old collections of the Austrian Geological Survey, Vienna. It is similar in morphology and epidermal anatomy to other specimens previously studied from the lower Oligocene of Flörsheim, Germany and Budapest, Hungary. A fragmentary leaflet assigned to C. hofmannii Ettingsh. was recovered in the uppermost part of the Most Formation (Most Basin in North Bohemia, Czech Republic) and dated by magnetostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy to CHRON C5Cn.3n, that is, the latest early Miocene. It yielded excellently preserved epidermal structures, permitting confirmation of the generic affinity and a more precise comparison with this lower Miocene species previously known from Austria (Münzenberg, Leoben Basin) and re-investigated earlier. Both the Oligocene and Miocene populations of Ceratozamia are based on isolated disarticulated leaflets matching some living representatives in the size and slender form of the leaflets. Such ceratozamias thrive today in extratropical areas near the present limits of distribution of the genus along the Sierra Madre Orientale in north-eastern Mexico, in particular C. microstrobila Vovides & J.D. Rees and others of the C. latifolia complex, as well as C. hildae G.P. Landry & M.C. Wilson (“bamboo cycad”). The occurrence of Ceratozamia suggests subtropical to warm-temperate, almost frostless climate and a high amount of precipitation. The accompanied fossil vegetation of both species corresponds well with the temperature regime. While the Oligocene species in Hungary probably thrived under sub-humid conditions, the remaining occurrences of fossil Ceratozamia were connected with humid evergreen to mixed-mesophytic forests.
Attitudes of physicians, nurses and pharmacists concerning the development of clinical pharmacy activities in a university hospital
Authors: Čufar Andreja , Locatelli Igor , Mrhar Aleš 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
It is essential to identify the expectations of physicians and nurses regarding clinical pharmacy (CP) services before its introduction in a hospital, because it is known that their expectations can substantially differ from the pharmacists’ point of view. Agreement of leading physicians, nurses and clinical pharmacists about the importance of CP activities in the hospital was evaluated using five point Likert scale questionnaire. Two groups of CP activities were set; the activities related to the hospital system (first group) and the activities connected with an individual patient (second group). Total mean score of agreement of physicians with the first and second group of CP activities is 4.28 and 3.73, respectively, while these scores are lower for nurses (3.87 and 3.38 for the first and second group, respectively). Pharmacists’ total mean scores are highest, 4.57 and 4.23 for the first and second group, respectively.
Novel thiophene derivatives with sulfonamide, isoxazole, benzothiazole, quinoline and anthracene moieties as potential anticancer agents
Authors: Ghorab Mostafa M. , Bashandy Mahmoud S. , Alsaid Mansour S. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A novel series of thiophenes having biologically active sulfonamide 2-11, 3-methylisoxazole 12, 4-methoxybenzo[d] thiazole 13, quinoline 14, 15, benzoylphenylamino 16, and anthracene-9,10-dione 17 moieties were prepared. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis and spectral data. All newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Most of the screened compounds showed cytotoxic activities compared to doxorubicin as a positive control. Compounds 6, 7, 9 and 13 (IC50 values 10.25, 9.70, 9.55 and 9.39 μmol L-1) revealed higher cytotoxic activities than that of doxorubicin (IC50 = 32.00 μmol L-1). Also, compounds 5, 8 and 10 were found nearly as active as doxorubicin (IC50 28.85, 23.48 and 27.51 μmol L-1).
Therapeutic drug monitoring of atypical antipsychotic drugs
Authors: Grundmann Milan , Kacirova Ivana , Urinovska Romana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder often associated with cognitive impairment and affective, mainly depressive, symptoms. Antipsychotic medication is the primary intervention for stabilization of acute psychotic episodes and prevention of recurrences and relapses in patients with schizophrenia. Typical antipsychotics, the older class of antipsychotic agents, are currently used much less frequently than newer atypical antipsychotics. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antipsychotic drugs is the specific method of clinical pharmacology, which involves measurement of drug serum concentrations followed by interpretation and good cooperation with the clinician. TDM is a powerful tool that allows tailor-made treatment for the specific needs of individual patients. It can help in monitoring adherence, dose adjustment, minimizing the risk of toxicity and in cost-effectiveness in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The review provides complex knowledge indispensable to clinical pharmacologists, pharmacists and clinicians for interpretation of TDM results.
Use of compounded dispersing media for extemporaneous pediatric syrups with candesartan cilexetil and valsartan
Authors: Musko Monika , Sznitowska Malgorzata 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Available tablets or capsules for adults are often used to prepare extemporaneously formulated medicines appropriate for children. The most acceptable drug forms in pediatric population are oral liquids and pharmacists use commercial dispersing media to compound syrups from an active substance or from tablets available on the market. In many countries ready-to-use dispersing media are not available or refunded, but pharmacists can use other compounded media, providing their compatibility and stability are proven. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate the stability of syrups with candesartan cilexetil (1 mg mL-1) and valsartan (4 mg mL-1) extemporaneously prepared using commercial tablets (Diovan® and Atacand®). The following three different suspending media, which could be easily made in a pharmacy, were investigated: V1 - with xanthan gum (0.5 %), V2 - the USP/NF vehicle for oral solution and V3 - the medium based on a simple sucrose syrup. The stability of preparations was studied during 35 days of storage in a dark place at controlled temperature of 25 and 4 °C. During the study, microscopic observation was carried out and pH, viscosity, and concentration of candesartan cilexetil and valsartan were analyzed. Syrups with valsartan prepared with V2 and V3 media were stable for 3 or 4 weeks when stored at 25 °C, while syrups with candesartan were stable for as long as 35 days. For syrups prepared using V1 medium, the 14-day expiry date was not achieved because of microbial deterioration.
Preparation and in vitro characterization of non-effervescent floating drug delivery system of poorly soluble drug, carvedilol phosphate
Authors: Srikanth Meka Venkata , Wee Liang Vanitha A/P Hong , Dharmalingham Senthil Rajan , Sheshala Ravi , Gorajana Adinarayana 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The objective of the study was to enhance the solubility of carvedilol phosphate and to formulate it into non-effervescent floating tablets using swellable polymers. Solid dispersions (SD) of carvedilol were prepared with hydrophilic carriers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and poloxamer to enhance solubility. Non-effervescent floating tablets were prepared with a combination of optimized solid dispersions and release retarding polymers/swellable polymers such as xanthan gum and polyethylene oxide. Tablets were evaluated for physicochemical properties such as hardness, thickness and buoyancy. SD prepared with the drug to poloxamer ratio of 1:4 by melt granulation showed a higher dissolution rate than all other dispersions. Formulations containing 40 mg of polyethylene oxide (C-P40) and 50 mg xanthan gum (C-X50) were found to be best, with the drug retardation up to 12 hours. Optimized formulations were characterized using FTIR and DSC and no drug and excipient interactions were detected.