bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic-resolution structure of the CAP-Gly domain of dynactin on polymeric microtubules determined by magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Yan Si , Guo Changmiao , Hou Guangjin , Zhang Huilan , Lu Xingyu , Williams John Charles , Polenova Tatyana 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Microtubules and their associated proteins are central to most cellular functions. They have been extensively studied at multiple levels of resolution; however, significant knowledge gaps remain. Structures of microtubule-associated proteins bound to microtubules are not known at atomic resolution. We used magic angle spinning NMR to solve a structure of dynactin’s cytoskeleton-associated protein glycine-rich (CAP-Gly) domain bound to microtubules and to determine the intermolecular interface, the first example, to our knowledge, of the atomic-resolution structure of a microtubule-associated protein on polymeric microtubules. The results reveal remarkable structural plasticity of CAP-Gly, which enables CAP-Gly’s binding to microtubules and other binding partners. This approach offers atomic-resolution information of microtubule-binding proteins on microtubules and opens up the possibility to study critical parameters such as protonation states, strain, and dynamics on multiple time scales.
Filling constraints for spin-orbit coupled insulators in symmorphic and nonsymmorphic crystals
Authors: Watanabe Haruki , Po Hoi Chun , Vishwanath Ashvin , Zaletel Michael 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Quantum spin liquids are exotic insulators in which the electron’s spin, charge, and fermionic statistics are carried by separate excitations. They have received attention for their potential as a quantum memory and as a parent state for high-temperature superconductivity. A key principle guiding the search for experimental candidate materials is the absence of conventional order in insulators at “fractional” electron filling. Previous results established what constitutes fractional filling, but assumed symmetries that are typically not respected in real materials or considered only simple lattices. Here, assuming only physical symmetries we establish filling conditions for all 230 space groups. This should aid in the search for quantum spin liquids and topological semimetals.
TRPC6 channel translocation into phagosomal membrane augments phagosomal function
Authors: Riazanski Vladimir , Gabdoulkhakova Aida G. , Boynton Lin S. , Eguchi Raphael R. , Deriy Ludmila V. , Hogarth D. Kyle , Loaëc Nadège , Oumata Nassima , Galons Hervé , Brown Mary E. , Shevchenko Pavel , Gallan Alexander J. , Yoo Sang Gune , Naren Anjaparavanda P. , Villereal Mitchel L. , Beacham Daniel W. , Bindokas Vytautas P. , Birnbaumer Lutz , Meijer Laurent , Nelson Deborah J. 
Published: November 2015

SignificanceHistorically, pulmonary infections treated with antibiotics killed bacteria while selecting for the unintended development of pathogenic resistance. One strategy to circumvent antibiotic resistance in pulmonary infection involves targeting the host phagosome and augmenting its function. To such an end, we have identified several small molecules, (R)-roscovitine and its derivatives, which restore microbicidal activity to compromised alveolar macrophages in cystic fibrosis (CF) and enhance function in non-CF cells. The compounds utilize G protein signaling pathways that mobilize TRPC-6 channels to the plasmalemma and subsequent phagosomal membrane formation that engulfs the bacterium. The plethora of GPCRs in resident pulmonary macrophages linked to ion channel function provides a rich source for potential therapeutic approaches to macrophage-mediated disease.
Engineering high-affinity PD-1 variants for optimized immunotherapy and immuno-PET imaging
Authors: Maute Roy L. , Gordon Sydney R. , Mayer Aaron T. , McCracken Melissa N. , Natarajan Arutselvan , Ring Nan Guo , Kimura Richard , Tsai Jonathan M. , Manglik Aashish , Kruse Andrew C. , Gambhir Sanjiv S. , Weissman Irving L. , Ring Aaron M. 
Published: November 2015

Significance
Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are key targets in the treatment of cancer, but current antibody-based drugs against this pathway have inherent drawbacks that may limit their effectiveness. We used directed evolution with yeast display to engineer a nonantibody biologic based on the ectodomain of PD-1. High-affinity PD-1 was more effective than anti–PD-L1 antibodies in the treatment of mouse tumor models and could additionally be used as a PET imaging tracer to noninvasively assess the PD-L1 expression status of tumors. This engineered protein thus represents an agent useful for clinical translation and highlights the paradigm of small protein biologics for future drug development.
Early Clinical Results of a Novel Ab Interno Gel Stent for the Surgical Treatment of Open-angle Glaucoma
Authors: Sheybani Arsham , Dick H. Burkhard , Ahmed Iqbal I. K. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:
To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of the XEN140 microfistula gel stent implant for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
Forty-nine eyes of 49 patients with an IOP>18 mm Hg and ≤35 mm Hg were studied in a prospective nonrandomized multicenter cohort trial of the surgical implantation of the XEN140 implant in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Complete success was defined as a postoperative IOP≤18 mm Hg with ≥20% reduction in IOP at 12 months without any glaucoma medications. Failure was defined as vision loss of light perceptions vision or worse, need for additional glaucoma surgery, or <20% reduction of IOP from baseline.

Results:
The average age was 64.3 (28.1 to 86.9) years old. Twenty-one eyes had prior failed trabeculectomy with mitomycin C surgery. IOP at 12 months decreased from a mean of 23.1 (±4.1) mm Hg to 14.7 (±3.7) mm Hg for a 36.4% reduction in IOP from baseline. The number of patients at 12 months who achieved an IOP≤18 mm Hg and ≥20% reduction in IOP was 40 (89%). The number of patients who achieved an IOP≤18 mm Hg and ≥20% reduction in IOP without antiglaucoma medications was 18 (40%).

Conclusions:
The XEN140 gel stent lowers IOP with few complications when implanted for the surgical treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
Use of Designated Nurse PICC Teams and CLABSI Prevention Practices Among U.S. Hospitals: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Krein Sarah L. , Kuhn Latoya , Ratz David , Chopra Vineet 
Published: November 2015

Objectives
The use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) has increased substantially within hospitals during the past several years. Yet, the prevalence and practices of designated nurse PICC teams (i.e., specially trained nurses who are responsible for PICC insertions at a hospital) are unknown. We, therefore, identified the prevalence of and factors associated with having a designated nurse PICC team among U.S. acute care hospitals.

Methods
We conducted a survey of infection preventionists at a random sample of U.S. hospitals in May 2013, which asked about personnel who insert PICCs and the use of practices to prevent device-associated infections, including central line–associated bloodstream infection. We compared practice use between hospitals that have a designated nurse PICC team versus those that do not.

Results
Survey response rate was 70% (403/575). According to the respondents, nurse PICC teams inserted PICCs in more than 60% of U.S. hospitals in 2013. Moreover, certain practices to prevent central line–associated bloodstream infection, including maximum sterile barrier precautions (93% versus 88%, P = 0.06), chlorhexidine gluconate for insertion site antisepsis (96% versus 87%, P = .003) and facility-wide insertion checklists (95% versus 87%, P = 0.02) were regularly used by a higher percentage of hospitals with nurse PICC teams compared with those without.

Conclusions
These data suggest that nurse PICC teams play an integral role in PICC use at many hospitals and that use of such teams may promote key practices to prevent complications. Better understanding of the role, composition, and practice of such teams is an important area for future study.
Homoeologue expression insights into the basis of growth heterosis at the intersection of ploidy and hybridity in Cyprinidae (Carassius auratusred var. ×Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Ren Li , Li Wuhui , Tang Chenchen , Xiao Jun , Tan Xiaojun , Tao Min , Zhang Chun , Liu Shaojun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTHybridization and polyploidization are considered important driving forces that form new epigenetic regulations. To study the changing patterns of expression accompanying hybridization and polyploidization, we used RNA-seq and qPCR to investigate global expression and homoeologue expression in diploid and allotetraploid hybrids ofCarassius auratusred var. (♀) (R) andCyprinus carpio♂) (C). By comparing the relative expression levels between the hybrids and their parents, we defined the expression level dominance (ELD) and homoeologue expression bias (HEB) in liver tissue. The results showed that polyploidization contributed to the conversion of homoeologue ELD. In addition, hybridization had more effect on the change in HEB than polyploidization, while polyploidization has been considered to have more effect on the change of global gene expression than hybridization. Meanwhile, similar expression patterns were found in growth-related genes. The results suggested that hybridization and polyploidization result in differential degrees of maternal HEB in the three tissues tested. The results of this study will increase our understanding of the underlying regulation mechanism of rapid growth in diploid hybrids and allotetraploids. The differential degrees of global expression and homoeologue expression contribute to growth heterosis in newly formed hybrids and allotetraploids, ensuring the on-going success of allopolyploid speciation.
Collinearity Analysis of AllotetraploidGossypium TomentosumandGossypium Darwinii
Authors: Liu Fang , Zhou Zhong L. , Wang Chun Y. , Wang Yu H. , Cai Xiao Y. , Wang Xing X. , Wang Kun B. , Zhang Zheng S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:G. tomentosumandG. darwiniiare wild allotetraploid cotton species, characterized with many excellent traits including finer fiber fineness, drought tolerance, Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt resistance. Based on construction of F2linkage groups ofG. hirsutum×G. tomentosumandG. hirsutum×G. darwinii,two genetic linkage maps were compared. As a result we found a total of 7 inversion fragments on chr02, chr05, chr08, chr12, chr14, chr16 and chr25, 3 translocation fragments on chr05, chr14 and chr26. Further comparing the inversion and translocation fragments, we noticed four of seven markers orientation ofG. tomentosumconsistent withG. hirsutum or G. raimondii,one of seven inversion markers orientation ofG. darwiniiconsistent withG. hirsutum; meanwhile one of three translocation marker orientation ofG. tomentosumconsistent withG. raimondii.The result indicate, compareG. darwinii, G. tomentosumhas closer genetic relationship toG. hirsutum.This study will play an important role in understanding the genome structure ofG. tomentosumandG. darwinii,and open the doors for further in-depth genome research such as fine mapping, tagging genes of interest from wild relatives and evolutionary study.
Pleiotropy between neuroticism and physical and mental health: findings from 108 038 men and women in UK Biobank
Authors: Gale Catharine R , Hagenaars Saskia P , Davies Gail , Hill W David , Liewald David CM , Cullen Breda ,   International Consortium for Blood Pressure GWAS,   CHARGE consortium Aging and Longevity Group, Pell Jill , McIntosh Andrew M , Smith Daniel J , Deary Ian J , Harris Sarah E 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that people with higher levels of the personality trait neuroticism have an increased risk of several types of mental disorder. Higher neuroticism has also been associated, less consistently, with increased risk of various physical health outcomes. We hypothesised that these associations may, in part, be due to shared genetic influences. We tested for pleiotropy between neuroticism and 12 mental and physical diseases or health traits using linkage disequilibrium regression and polygenic profile scoring. Genetic correlations were derived between neuroticism scores in 108 038 people in UK Biobank and health-related measures from 12 large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Summary information for the 12 GWAS was used to create polygenic risk scores for the health-related measures in the UK Biobank participants. Associations between the health-related polygenic scores and neuroticism were examined using regression, adjusting for age, sex, genotyping batch, genotyping array, assessment centre, and population stratification. Genetic correlations were identified between neuroticism and anorexia nervosa (rg= 0.17), major depressive disorder (rg= 0.66) and schizophrenia (rg= 0.21). Polygenic risk for several health-related measures were associated with neuroticism, in a positive direction in the case of bipolar disorder (β = 0.017), major depressive disorder (β = 0.036), schizophrenia (β = 0.036), and coronary artery disease (β = 0.011), and in a negative direction in the case of BMI (β = −0.0095). These findings indicate that a high level of pleiotropy exists between neuroticism and some measures of mental and physical health, particularly major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.
Faster processing of moving compared to flashed bars in awake macaque V1 provides a neural correlate of the flash lag illusion
Authors: Subramaniyan Manivannan , Ecker Alexander S. , Patel Saumil S. , Cotton R. James , Bethge Matthias , Pitkow Xaq , Berens Philipp , Tolias Andreas S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhen the brain has determined the position of a moving object, due to anatomical and processing delays, the object will have already moved to a new location. Given the statistical regularities present in natural motion, the brain may have acquired compensatory mechanisms to minimize the mismatch between the perceived and the real position of a moving object. A well-known visual illusion — the flash lag effect — points towards such a possibility. Although many psychophysical models have been suggested to explain this illusion, their predictions have not been tested at the neural level, particularly in a species of animal known to perceive the illusion. Towards this, we recorded neural responses to flashed and moving bars from primary visual cortex (V1) of awake, fixating macaque monkeys. We found that the response latency to moving bars of varying speed, motion direction and luminance was shorter than that to flashes, in a manner that is consistent with psychophysical results. At the level of V1, our results support the differential latency model positing that flashed and moving bars have different latencies. As we found a neural correlate of the illusion in passively fixating monkeys, our results also suggest that judging the instantaneous position of the moving bar at the time of flash — as required by the postdiction/motion-biasing model — may not be necessary for observing a neural correlate of the illusion. Our results also suggest that the brain may have evolved mechanisms to process moving stimuli faster and closer to real time compared with briefly appearing stationary stimuli.New and NoteworthyWe report several observations in awake macaque V1 that provide support for the differential latency model of the flash lag illusion. We find that the equal latency of flash and moving stimuli as assumed by motion integration/postdiction models does not hold in V1. We show that in macaque V1, motion processing latency depends on stimulus luminance, speed and motion direction in a manner consistent with several psychophysical properties of the flash lag illusion.
Modeling Transitions between Responsive and Resistant States in Breast Cancer with Application to Therapy Optimization
Authors: Chen Chun , Tyson John J. , Baumann William T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present a mathematical model that captures the transitions among three experimentally observed estrogen-sensitivity phenotypes in breast cancer cells. Based on this model, a population-level model is created and used to explore the optimization of a therapeutic protocol
Exploring the adjustment of international university students in relation to dietary practices
Authors: Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar , Tirelli Christian , Izquierdo-Yusta Alicia , Gómez-Ladrón-De-Guevara Ricardo 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influences of different variables on the dietary adjustment process of international university students. More specifically, the authors investigate how ethnocentrism, perceived risk, and external influences affect their adjustment processes by considering three different temporal stages and exploring adjustment in relation to dietary practices.

Design/methodology/approach
– After performing an in-depth review of the relevant literature, a structural equation analysis is conducted. This analysis relies on data from a sample of 139 international students enrolled in a Spanish university.

Findings
– The results reveal that ethnocentrism is significant only in the second stage of the adjustment process. The level of perceived risk decreases during the adjustment process but also depends on the features international students have in common with the host culture; in contrast, external influences are important in all stages.

Research limitations/implications
– International students should not be treated the same way during different stages of their adjustment. For example, during the first stage, the focus should be on minimizing their perceived risk and guaranteeing a safe environment in which they feel comfortable with buying. The role of the media and the training of salespeople should be highlighted in the second stage of adjustment.

Practical implications
– The dietary adjustment for this group of short-term migrants is different than other groups, which tend to return to their country of origin. In contrast, international university students try to assimilate the host culture and be part of it.

Social implications
– In the context of consumption, because international university students are influenced by all constructs detailed in this study, it is necessary to formulate a specific approach for each stage.

Originality/value
– This research evidences how there is a great opportunity for diverse operators (e.g. universities, food retail chains) to influence the consumption habits of international university students, because they are more receptive than other migrant groups.
Convergence and determinants of change in nutrient supply
Authors: Ogundari Kolawole , Ito Shoichi 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to use cross-country data to investigate whether convergence process exists in per capital nutrient supply and also identify the determinants of change in per capita nutrient supply in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design/methodology/approach
– Annual time series data for 43 countries covering 1975-2009 that yields balanced panel were employed for the analysis. The convergence hypothesis is examined based on the neoclassical growth model using feasible generalized least square approach that is robust to autocorrelation and cross-sectional dependence.

Findings
– The empirical results lend support to existence of convergence process in nutrient supply in SSA. Evidence of convergence in nutrient supply may have contributed to observed reduction in incidence of food-poverty in the region, which aligns with the argument in literature that recent Africa food security gains are due to food imports. The results of the determinants of change in nutrient supply showed that, global food trade represented by trade openness consistently increased growth in nutrient supply across countries in SSA significantly. Meanwhile, the speed of convergence of per capita nutrient supply, which measures how quickly growth in nutrient supply increases over time is very low, as this calls for urgent policy attention in the region.

Originality/value
– The very first study to investigate convergence in food consumption and nutritional supply in SSA.
Factors instead of demographic characteristics related to nutrition label use
Authors: Sun Pi-Chuan , Huang Hsien-Long , Chu Fang-Yi 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine how health consciousness and nutrition self-efficacy influence attitudes towards and use of nutrition labels, the moderating effect of nutrition knowledge between health consciousness and nutrition label attitude, and the impact of the consumer’s ethical evaluation of a business on nutrition label use.Design/methodology/approach– This study proposes an integrative model that includes health consciousness, nutrition self-efficacy, nutrition knowledge, nutrition label attitude, ethical evaluation, and nutrition label use. Empirical data were collected from a famous website in Taiwan by a non-ordered questionnaire to decrease the priming effect, and 306 valid questionnaires were collected. The collected data were analysed using SPSS and AMOS software.Findings– The results show that both health consciousness and nutrition self-efficacy have direct effects on nutrition label attitude, and this attitude will influence label use. There is a moderating effect of nutrition knowledge, in terms of both subjective and objective nutrition label knowledge, between health consciousness and nutrition label attitude. However, the moderating effect in the low nutrition label knowledge group is slightly greater than in the high nutrition label knowledge group. The consumer’s ethical evaluation of businesses affects nutrition label use.Originality/value– This study is the first to indicate that nutrition label knowledge, both subjective and objective, will moderate the relationship between consumers’ health consciousness and their attitude towards nutrition labels. Furthermore, this study affirms the relationship between the consumer’s ethical evaluation of a firm and nutrition label use.
Subjective knowledge as a determinant of young adult consumers wine behaviour
Authors: Hristov Hristo , Kuhar Aleš 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight into how the level of subjective knowledge (SK) related to wine explains differences in the wine-consumption behaviour of young adults. Particular attention was given to information search strategies employed by young adult wine consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A web-based survey was carried out on 287 young urban wine consumers who were recruited in specialised wine shops and at wine festivals. The key variables presenting the consumers’ wine searches were measured using the best-worst scaling method. Latent class cluster analysis (LCA) was used to segment the respondents into clusters based on their level of SK of wine.

Findings
– The study identifies three consumer segments with corresponding levels of SK related to wine. The segments present considerable differences in the wine-consumption-related behaviours and information search strategies.

Research limitations/implications
– Understanding young adults’ SK of wine will assist wine marketers in their efforts to establish marketing strategies for this generational cohort. In addition, research (preferably transnational) is recommended to validate the conclusions and to gain additional understanding of SK as an indicator of wine-related behaviours.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to a better understanding of the wine-purchasing behaviours of young adults with particular focus on SK related to wine. The results obtained may be applied by winemakers in the development of marketing and promotion strategies geared towards the promising young adult consumer segment.