bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficiency of Active Asset Allocation Funds in the Period of Instability at Financial Markets
Authors: Krawiec Wojciech 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The objective of the hereby paper is the assessment of domestic active asset allocation funds efficiency in the period of 2007-2012, including the comparison of earned return rates against the return rates obtained by other mixed funds, as well as WIG and WIG20 stock exchange indices. Additionally, the purpose of the paper is to analyse the investment policy applied by the above listed funds, carried out based on records included in adequate information prospectuses, and also having considered the investment portfolio compositions presented in annual and 6-month financial reports covering these funds.
The assessment of applied investment strategies efficiency is performed based on 12-, 24-, 36-, 48- and 60- month return rates set at the end of 6-month reporting periods. The analysis covered only domestic open-end active asset allocation investment funds included in this group following the definition accepted by Analizy Online investing assets in financial instruments issued by entities, officially seated in Poland or outside Poland and valuating participation units in PLN, which have been operating for at least 24 months from the day of 30th June 2012.
Selected Robust Methods for Camp Model Estimation
Authors: Trzpiot Grażyna 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This paper presents evidence that Ordinary Least Squares estimators of beta coefficients of major firms and portfolios are highly sensitive to observations of extremes in market index returns. This sensitivity is rooted in the inconsistency of the quadratic loss function in financial theory. By introducing considerations of risk aversion into the estimation procedure using alternative estimators measures of variability we can overcome this lack of robustness and improve the reliability of the results.
Effect of soil moisture and temperature on N2O and CO2 concentrations in soil irrigated with purified wastewater
Authors: Nosalewicz M. , Stępniewska Z. , Nosalewicz A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Flooded organic soils are potentially important sources of greenhouse gases. The effect of soil temperature and moisture on the concentration of N2O and CO2 at two depths of organic soil flooded with two doses of purified wastewater was studied. Nitrous oxide concentrations at the 10-30 cm depth range were generally increased with an increase in soil moisture, showing dependence on the aeration status of soil. The maximum values of N2O concentrations were higher at the 50-100 than 10-30 cm depth range, but a similar pattern of increasing maximum values of N2O concentration with an increasing input of nitrogen in treatments at both depth ranges was observed. The maximum concentrations of carbon dioxide within the 50-100 cm depth range remained at a similar level in all treatments reaching 7.1-7.7%, which indicated weak relations with the input of water and nitrogen at this depth range. We conclude that the N2O and CO2 concentrations at 10-30 cm depths in the examined organic soil flooded with 600mm year-1 of purified wastewater exhibited a similar level as the concentrations in soil watered only by precipitation.
Rente et révolution
Authors: Puente José Manuel , Devineau Julie 
Published: July 2013

Cet article présente l’évolution des variables macro-économiques fondamentales du Venezuela au cours de la période 1999-2011, de façon à démontrer que la politique économique mise en œuvre et l’importante rente pétrolière reçue pendant la présidence d’Hugo Chávez ont exacerbé le modèle d’économie rentière hérité des gouvernements précédents. On soutiendra en particulier qu’au cours de cette période, la dépendance envers la rente pétrolière s’est accrue, le taux de change s’est fortement apprécié (le « mal hollandais »), ce qui a provoqué un affaiblissement de la production exportable, spécifiquement des biens industriels et agro-industriels, un boom des importations qui a accentué le caractère mono-exportateur et rentier de l’économie, et l’accroissement du pouvoir discrétionnaire de l’Etat dans l’utilisation de la rente pétrolière.
Minimal Generators of the Defining Ideal of the Rees Algebra Associated with a Rational Plane Parametrization with μ = 2
Authors: Cortadellas Benítez Teresa , D'Andrea Carlos 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe exhibit a set of minimal generators of the defining ideal of the Rees Algebra associated with the ideal of three bivariate homogeneous polynomials parametrizing a proper rational curve in projective plane, having a minimal syzygy of degree 2.
REVIEW OF THE ENERGY LIMITERS APPROACH TO MODELING FAILURE OF RUBBER
Authors: Volokh K. Y. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNonlinear theories of elasticity describe rubber deformation but not failure; however, in reality, rubbers do fail. In the present work, we review a new approach of energy limiters that allows for unifying hyperelasticity theories with failure descriptions, and we discuss results of this unification. First, we introduce the energy limiter concept, which allows the enforcement of failure descriptions in elasticity theories. The limiter provides the saturation value for the strain energy, hence indicating the maximal energy that may be stored and dissipated by an infinitesimal material volume. The limiter is a material constant that can be calibrated via macroscopic experiments. Second, we illustrate the new approach with examples in which failure initiation is predicted but its propagation is not tracked. Examples include the problems of crack initiation, cavity instability, and rupture of inflating membranes. In addition, the traditional strength-of-materials criteria are reassessed. Third, the theory is used for three-dimensional explicit finite element simulations of a high-velocity penetration of a stiff elastic body into a rubber plate. These simulations show that a high-velocity penetration of a flat projectile leads to a diffused nonlocal failure, which does not trigger the mesh sensitivity. To the contrary, a low-velocity penetration of a sharp projectile leads to a highly localized cracklike failure, which does trigger the mesh sensitivity. Calculation of the characteristic length of failure localization allows for setting the mesh size that provides regularization of the simulations. The fact that the calculation is based on results of solely macroscopic experiments is noteworthy.
Energy transfer in M5(PO4)3 F:Eu2+,Ce3+ (M = Ca and Ba) phosphors
Authors: Shinde K. N. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTM5(PO4)3 F:Eu2+ (M = Ca and Ba) co‐doped with Ce3+ phosphors were successfully prepared by the combustion synthesis method. The introduction of co‐dopant (Ce3+) into the host enhanced the luminescent intensity of the M5(PO4)3 F:Eu2+ (M = Ca and Ba) efficiently. Previously, we have reported the synthesis and photoluminescence properties of same phosphors. The aim of this article is to report energy transfer mechanism between Ce3+➔Eu2+ ions in M5(PO4)3 F:Eu2+ (M = Ca and Ba) phosphors, where Ce3+ ions act as sensitizers and Eu2+ ions act as activators. The M5(PO4)3 F:Eu2+ (M = Ca and Ba) co‐doped with Ce3+ phosphor exhibits great potential for use in white ultraviolet (UV) light‐emitting diode applications to serve as a single‐phased phosphor that can be pumped with near‐UV or UV light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomimetic construction of cellular shell by adjusting the interfacial energy
Authors: Wang Ben , Liu Peng , Liu Zhaoming , Pan Haihua , Xu Xurong , Tang Ruikang 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMany unicellular organisms take their outer proteinaceous and lipidic membranes or carbonhydrate‐rich cell walls as a template for biomineralization to synthesize a thin mineral layer as a functional covering. In nature most cells cannot be mineralized spontaneously in the normal states. Inspired by nature, we develop cytocompatible methods for cells encapsulated inside a mineral shell, called “cellular shellization.” Using Layer‐by‐Layer (LbL) assembly, the precipitation of calcium minerals can be induced on the yeast cell surfaces. The effects of different synthetic polyelectrolytes on the calcifications of yeast, such as interfacial energy, zeta‐potential, introduction time, and the affinity of mineral phase on the yeast cell surface have been studied by using constant composition method (CC) systemically and quantitatively. The results demonstrate that the effective adsorption of polyelectrolytes with carboxyl or sulfonate‐rich groups on the yeast can enhance mineralization abilities of yeast cells readily, and the factor of interfacial energy plays a key role in the superficial mineralization of the cells. Furthermore, the influences of ion concentrations, as well as titration rates on the formation of inorganic shell, have also been examined. It is found that the biomimetic shell formation on the cell can also be achieved by using an appropriate selection of titration conditions rather than the pretreatment of LbL. Thus, the control of cellular biomineralization can become more feasible. In this study, we show that adjusting the interfacial energy is the key to cellular mineralization and suggest that these biomineralization treatments of single‐cell may be applied as a potential and universal approach for cell‐based sensing and therapy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 386–395. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A model to assess the feasibility of shifting reaction equilibrium by acetone removal in the transamination of ketones using 2‐propylamine
Authors: Tufvesson Pär , Bach Christian , Woodley John M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTAcetone removal by evaporation has been proposed as a simple and cheap way to shift the equilibrium in the biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of optically pure chiral amines, when 2‐propylamine is used as the amine donor. However, dependent on the system properties, this may or may not be a suitable strategy. To avoid excessive laboratory work a model was used to assess the process feasibility. The results from the current study show that a simple model of the acetone removal dependence on temperature and sparging gas flowrate can be developed and fits the experimental data well. The model for acetone removal was then coupled to a simple model for biocatalyst kinetics and also for loss of substrate ketone by evaporation. The three models were used to simulate the effects of varying the critical process parameters and reaction equilibrium constants (K eq) as well as different substrate ketone volatilities (Henry's constant). The simulations were used to estimate the substrate losses and also the maximum yield that could be expected. The approach was seen to give a clear indication for which target amines the acetone evaporation strategy would be feasible and for which amines it would not. The study also shows the value of a modeling approach in conceptual process design prior to entering a biocatalyst screening or engineering program to assess the feasibility of a particular process strategy for a given target product. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 309–319. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virtual cubic panorama synthesis based on triangular reprojection
Authors: Zhang Chunxiao , Dubois Eric , Zhao Yan 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTCubic panoramas provide an efficient solution to the implementation of immersive and omnidirectional displays for image‐based virtual navigation. To allow unrestricted navigation through the environment, a system must be capable of constructing novel views given the reference images, typically, cubic panoramas. This paper proposes a processing pipeline for cubic panorama synthesis based on 2D/3D triangular reprojection. This pipeline uses matching features to implement the triangular meshing on cubic panoramas, and introduces the matching line constraint, which significantly reduces the artifacts of straight‐line features in the rendered image and accelerates the division process. The modules of this pipeline take the geometrical characteristics of cubic panorama into account. Thus, it can handle the discontinuities of the cube edges when the triangular mesh covers different faces. Furthermore, these modules could be reconfigured to compose customized pipelines and generate virtual cubic panoramas of different quality based on the amount of features. The performance and efficiency of the proposed pipeline is demonstrated with comparison experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lesions more than cerebellum in a puerpera of acute cerebellitis: concurrent encephalitis, not a subtype of ADEM
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Qing , Chen Dan , Zou Ya‐Fen , Huang Ming , Jia Xiao‐Yan 
Published: July 2013

Key Clinical MessageWe report a puerpera who has acute‐onset ataxia with fever, headache, convulsions, and altered mental status. She had a good response to antivirus treatment and low‐dose steroid. Acute cerebellitis was the tentative diagnosis. But concurrent encephalitis was proposed with multiple lesions beyond cerebellum.
Racial disparities in cervical cancer survival over time
Authors: Rauh‐Hain J. Alejandro , Clemmer Joel T. , Bradford Leslie S. , Clark Rachel M. , Growdon Whitfield B. , Goodman Annekathryn , Boruta David M. , Schorge John O. , del Carmen Marcela G. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study is to examine changes over time in survival for African American (AA) and white women diagnosed with cervical cancer (CC).METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data from 1985 to 2009 were used for this analysis. Racial differences in survival were evaluated between African American (AA) and white women. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards survival methods were used to assess differences in survival by race at 5‐year intervals.RESULTSThe study sample included 23,368 women, including 3886 (16.6%) who were AA and 19,482 (83.4%) who were white. AA women were older (51.4 versus 48.9 years; P < .001) and had a higher rate of regional (38.3% versus 31.8%; P < .001) and distant metastasis (10.7% versus 8.7%; P < .001). AA less frequently received cancer‐directed surgery (32.4% versus 46%; P < .001), and more frequently radiotherapy (36.3% versus 26.4%; P < .001). Overall, AA women had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.41 (95% confidence interval = 1.32‐1.51) of cervical cancer (CC) mortality compared with whites. Adjusting for SEER registry, marital status, stage, age, treatment, grade, and histology, AA women had an HR of 1.13 (95% confidence interval = 1.05‐1.22) of CC‐related mortality. After adjusting for the same variables, there was a significant difference in CC‐specific mortality between 1985 to 1989 and 1990 to 1994, but not after 1995.CONCLUSIONSAfter adjusting for race, SEER registry, marital status, stage, age, treatment, grade, and histology, there was a significant difference in CC‐specific mortality between 1985 to 1989 and 1990 to 1994, but not after 1995. Cancer 2013;119:3644–3652. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Facile NN Activation in Benzotriazole: Capturing the Dimroth Azo/Triazole Intermediate by Complexation to Iridium
Authors: Bohle D. Scott , Chua Zhijie , Perepichka Inna 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe in situ observation of benzotriazole ring and ring‐opened isomers, which result from the Dimroth equilibrium for 1‐[(nonafluorobutane)sulfonyl]benzotriazole, 1, in solution by 19F NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy is reported. Two benzotriazoles, compound 1 and 1,1′‐sulfonylbis(benzotriazole) (3), undergo Dimroth triazole ring opening and coordination to an iridium(I) metal center to give either linear diazo [IrI(η1‐NNPhNSO2C4F9)(Cl)(PPh3)2] (2) or an unusual double bent diazene [IrIII(η3‐NNPhNSO2Btz)(Cl)(PPh3)2] (4; Btz=benzotriazole) complex.
Dinuclear CuII–CuII and CuI–CuII Complexes of a Compartmental Ligand – Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic, and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Biswas Surajit , Dutta Arpan , Dolai Malay , Bhowmick Indrani , Rouzières Mathieu , Lee Hon Man , Clérac Rodolphe , Ali Mahammad 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDinuclear CuII–CuII (1) and CuI–CuII (2) complexes were derived from a new N4O2 donor compartmental ligand (H2L) by changing the nature of the Cu precursors used. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the Cu1 site in 1 has octahedral geometry and is in the inner compartment of the ligand axially coordinated by two ClO4– anions, whereas the outer Cu2 ion has square‐pyramidal geometry. In 2, there are two copper dinuclear complexes (A and B) in the asymmetric unit; the inner core is occupied by Cu1/Cu3 in the +2 oxidation state in a square‐planar geometry. The Cu2/Cu4 ion occupies the outer sites and has distorted tetrahedral geometry with a +1 oxidation state. Complexes 1 and 2 were obtained simply by changing Cu(ClO4)2 in 1 to Cu(ClO4)2 and Cu(bipy)(NO3)2 in 2; the bipyridyl (bipy) ligand induces the reduction of CuII to CuI, which is trapped in the CuI–CuII dinuclear product. The oxidation states of the metal ions were ascertained from charge‐balance considerations as well as from bond valence sum (BVS) calculations. No signature of intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) was observed by spectroscopy (UV/Vis/NIR) as well as from the low‐temperature magnetic studies. This might be because of the presence of two copper centers in two different geometries with a wide separation between them (ca. 3.27 Å). For 1, the best fit of the χT vs. T data to the dimer model gives J/kB = –262(1) K and gav = 2.05(5), which indicates that there is a strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the two Cu atoms. In 2, the CuI center is diamagnetic and, thus, the remaining S = 1/2 CuII magnetic center follows a Curie law with g = 2.06(5). Under homogeneous conditions, both complexes showed catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene, styrene, and norbornene to the corresponding epoxides with high selectivities and turnover numbers (TONs), which seem to be slightly better than the reported values for CuII Schiff base complexes.
Above‐ground and below‐ground Salix dynamics in response to river processes
Authors: Pasquale N. , Perona P. , Francis R. , Burlando P. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRiparian vegetation influences hydraulic and morphodynamic river processes and may contribute to sediment stabilization. In turn, vegetation recruitment and growth on non‐cohesive fluvial deposits strongly depends on river hydrology and the ability of roots to develop and to anchor efficiently to resist flow erosion. In this paper, we examine the above‐ground and the below‐ground seasonal growth dynamics of Salix cuttings in relation to local river hydrodynamics and morphodynamics, on the basis of a detailed and unique data set. During the two season‐long campaigns in 2009 and 2010, 1188 and 1152 cuttings, respectively, were organized in square plots and planted on a gravel island of the restored reach of the River Thur (Neunforn, Thurgau, Switzerland). Each year, all cuttings were monitored almost regularly from the beginning until the end of the growing season (April–September). Root development statistics were also obtained from high‐resolution scanner analysis of carefully uprooted samples from selected plots.Our results show how cutting survival and the nature and strength of correlations between island topography and cutting growth statistics depend on river hydrology. An empirical functional form that links root development based on the measured main stem length is then proposed for predictive purposes. Cutting mortality following flood events is shown to depend nonlinearly on both erosion and deposition processes, whereas it appears more linearly related to the magnitude of the bed shear stress distribution generated by the maximum seasonal flood. This analysis allows an identification of an important threshold for plant survival within different erosion and deposition regimes, which explains the spatial and temporal distribution of the surviving cuttings within the plots. These results have practical implications, for instance, for evaluating, planning and managing the use of riparian trees in restoration projects. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Paths to the Bomb
Authors: SWEET WILLIAM 
Published: July 2013

STALIN AND THE BOMB: THE SOVIET UNION AND ATOMIC ENERGY, 1939–1956 by David HollowayCRITICAL ASSEMBLY: A TECHNICAL HISTORY OF Los ALAMOS DURING THE OPPENHEIMER YEARS, 1943–1945 by Lillian Hoddeson, Paul W Henriksen, RogerA. Meade and Catherine L. VVCsifall
Planetary Prospecting
Authors: MARSCHALL LAURENCE A. 
Published: July 2013

Worlds Unnumbered: The Search for Exterasolar Planets by Donald GoldsmithOther Worlds: The Search for Life in the Universe by Michael D. LemonickPlanet Quest: The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems by Ken CroswellAlien Life: The Search for Extraterrestrials and Beyond by Barry Parker
Injectable tissue‐engineered cartilage using commercially available fibrin glue
Authors: Cakmak Ozcan , Babakurban Seda T. , Akkuzu Hatice G. , Bilgi Selcuk , Ovalı Ercüment , Kongur Merve , Altintas Hande , Yilmaz Bayram , Bilezikçi Banu , Y. Celik Zerrin , Yakicier Mustafa C. , Sahin Feride I. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo achieve injectable tissue‐engineered cartilage using a commercially available fibrin sealant, and to determine the most suitable fibrin glue concentration, cartilage source, and cultured chondrocyte concentration.Study DesignAnimal research.MethodsA total of 28 immuncompetent New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups. The cultured chondrocytes from different anatomical sources carried in fibrin glue with and without aprotinin in different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin (Tisseell), were injected into forehead and interocular regions of the rabbits. The new tissue formation was harvested at 8 weeks and analyzed through gross and histological analysis.ResultsThe new tissue formations were found in round, elliptical, and flat forms. The mean value of Tisseell and cell suspension was 0.8 cc in all of the rabbits' injection regions, but the mean volume of the samples in which immature cartilage matrix and mature cartilage was 0.1 cc. In the 20 of the 55 injection regions of rabbits (36, 36%), mature and/or immature cartilage formation were observed. We observed inflammatory reactions, abscess formation, and foreign body reactions around the new cartilage tissue of tissue‐engineered cartilage. The comparison of results using different cartilage sources, chondrocyte concentrations, or different fibrin glue concentrations did not show any significant difference.ConclusionsWe observed that changing the concentrations of ingredients of commercially available fibrin glue, the source of the cartilage, or the cultured chondrocyte concentration did not have significant effect on neocartilage formation.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:2986–2992, 2013
Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Tuning Chromaticity of Eu(III)‐Grafting Chiral Polymer Based on Variable Position of the Substitution
Authors: Li Junfeng , Li Fei , Jiang Xiaoxiang , Wei Guo , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: July 2013

The novel chiral conjugated polymers P‐1 and P‐3 are prepared from the monomers S‐M‐2 and S‐M‐3 with (R,R)‐1,2‐aminocyclohexane (M‐1) via a nucleophilic addition–elimination reaction, respectively. The Eu(III)‐grafting chiral polymers P‐2 and P‐4 could be obtained by direct coordination reaction of Eu(TTA)3·2H2O with P‐1 and P‐3, respectively. Photoexcitation of P‐2 produces pink color emission as a result of the combination of partial blue self‐emission chromophore of P‐1 along with the red color from the Eu(TTA)3 moiety, whereas P‐4 shows the exclusively red color emission from the Eu(III) (5D0→7F2) transition due to almost complete excitation energy transfer from the macromolecular chain to the Eu(TTA)3 moiety. The choice substitution of phenyl derivative of the polymer plays a crucial role on the efficient energy transfer from the polymer chain to Eu(III) ion center. Meanwhile, the glum value of the dissymmetry factor of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) for the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu(III) for P‐4 reaches as high as +0.0207, whereas P‐2 exhibits the largest glum value about +0.0464 centered at 434 nm.
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