bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy Implications for Addressing Roma Precarious Migration Through Employment at Home
Authors: Pantea Maria‐Carmen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRoma migration from Romania is often precarious and takes place in circumstances that increase pre‐existent levels of vulnerability. For many, migration is a last resort solution for navigating an insecure economic environment. For others, it has become a source of profit they draw upon, sometimes at the expense of the most vulnerable members of Roma communities.The major challenge this article addresses is how to create the enabling circumstances at home in order to provide alternatives to precarious migration for Roma. Informed by interviews with Roma migrants and with local authorities, this article examines the policy options at local level, addressing Roma precarious migration. It examines the limitations of the current employment policies in relation to Roma in order to identify what seem to work, what sounds promising and what does not work.It advises that job fairs and counselling campaigns are likely to fail, as they do not tackle the structural constraints keeping Roma outside the labour market. Unless linked with realistic employment opportunities, training courses also remain precarious strategies for labour market integration. The article also argues that individualized interventions (including repatriation schemes) are likely to increase community divides.The article supports structural, community‐level measures for tackling unemployment and argues that future policies need to have Roma communities as the ‘unit of intervention’, because the social preconditions for migration are likely to be generated at this level. This policy proposal is grounded in the research finding that an apparently consistent group of Roma migrants, prone to deceitful recruitment and precarious migration, would endorse reasonable and stable economic solutions at home. Yet accepting that circular migration may be inevitable for a number of Roma is an important ingredient when designing policy interventions.
Survey of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people's experiences of mental health services in Ireland
Authors: McCann Edward , Sharek Danika 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVery little is known about the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in relation to mental health services. Therefore, the overall aim of the current research was to explore LGBT people's experiences of mental health service provision in Ireland. The objectives were to identify barriers and opportunities, to highlight service gaps, and to identify good practice in addressing the mental health and well‐being of LGBT people. A mixed methods research design using quantitative and qualitative approaches was deployed. A multipronged sampling strategy was used and 125 respondents responded to the questionnaire. A subset of phase 1 (n = 20) were interviewed in the qualitative phase. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The sample consisted of LGBT people (n = 125) over 18 years of age living in Ireland. Over three‐quarters (77%) had received a psychiatric diagnosis. Findings include that whilst 63% of respondents were able to be ‘out’ to practitioners, 64% felt that mental health professionals lacked knowledge about LGBT issues and 43% felt practitioners were unresponsive to their needs. Finally, respondent recommendations about how mental health services may be more responsive to LGBT people's needs are presented.
How basic need satisfaction and dispositional motives interact in predicting flow experience in sport
Authors: Schüler Julia , Brandstätter Veronika 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have integrated the basic psychological needs approach from self‐determination theory with motive disposition theory in order to enhance the prediction of flow experience in sports. We hypothesize that an environment that enables people to fulfill their basic psychological needs for competence and social relatedness results in flow. Additionally, we assume that the effect of competence need satisfaction is moderated by the achievement motive and that the effect of need‐for‐relatedness satisfaction is moderated by the affiliation motive. Four studies show the expected positive effects of need satisfaction on flow and further confirm that high achievement and affiliation‐motivated individuals benefit more from competence and relatedness sports environments, respectively, than individuals low in these motives.
Endemic species have highly integrated phenotypes, environmental distributions and phenotype–environment relationships
Authors: Hermant Marie , Prinzing Andreas , Vernon Philippe , Convey Peter , Hennion Françoise 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAimWhy are some species geographically restricted? Ecological explanations suggest that endemic species may have restricted distributions because limited phenotypic variability results in narrow niches. However, studying variability of traits independently may not fully explain the interactions within and between complex phenotypes and environments. Here, we hypothesize that endemic species are restricted to a narrow range of habitats due to strong phenotypic integration (i.e. strong correlations among traits), strong environmental integration (i.e. strong correlations among the environments occupied) and strong correlations among trait–environment combinations.LocationThe Kerguelen Islands, sub‐Antarctic.MethodsWe measured flowering phenology, multiple morphological characters, and species distribution along three abiotic environmental gradients (elevation, soil moisture and soil salinity) in 14 plant species whose distributions range from strictly endemic to cosmopolitan.ResultsWe found that for individual species, trait means and variances were independent of endemism, but that endemics occupied higher and less variable microhabitats. However, phenotypic integration, environmental integration along the three gradients, and the strength of trait–environment correlations all increased with the level of species endemism.Main conclusionsHigher levels of integration within and between phenotypes and environments are associated with more restricted geographical ranges in the species studied. In endemic species phenotypic integration may explain range contraction during the taxon cycle and reduce the ability to adapt to novel microhabitats formed as a result of environmental change.
Transatlantic Politics of Data Transfer: Extraterritoriality, Counter‐Extraterritoriality and Counter‐Terrorism
Authors: Suda Yuko 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTransatlantic co‐operation and conflict over air passenger information, financial transactions records and maritime container security illustrate the European Union's reaction to the transboundary assertion of US counter‐terrorism regulation in the wake of the terrorist attacks of September 11. A close examination of the cases suggests that the EU–US agreements on the transfer and use of PNR and SWIFT data were made to safeguard the integrity of the EU data protection regime and more importantly the European norm of data privacy from the undermining effects that might arise from the extraterritorial exercise of authority by the United States.
Effect of Rehydration Temperature on Functional Properties, Antioxidant Capacity and Structural Characteristics of Apple (Granny Smith) Slices in Relation to Mass Transfer Kinetics
Authors: Zura‐Bravo L. , Ah‐Hen K. , Vega‐Gálvez A. , García‐Segovia P. , Lemus‐Mondaca R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractApple slices dried at 60C were rehydrated at 20, 40 and 60C to analyze the influence of processing temperature on quality attributes and rehydration kinetics. Diffusion coefficient increased with process temperature from 1.36 to 2.37 × 10−9 m2/s. The Weibull model obtained the best fit quality for the experimental data based on statistical test, chi square. Color was not recovered during rehydration and the results indicated that the use of low temperatures is more adequate. Water‐holding capacity decreased, while rehydration ratio increased with increasing rehydration temperature, indicating structural modifications. Increasing rehydration temperatures led to a reduction in the glass transition temperature and hardness values of samples. The radical‐scavenging activity showed higher antioxidant activity at higher rehydration temperatures rather than at lower temperatures. It was found that rehydration temperature modifies the cell structure and antioxidant capacity of final product.
CLE Peptides in Vascular Development
Authors: Qiang Yi , Wu Jinbin , Han Huibin , Wang Guodong 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
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[ Guodong Wang (Corresponding author)]The plant vascular system consists of two conductive tissues, phloem and xylem. The vascular meristem, namely the (pro‐)cambium, is a stem‐cell tissue that gives rise to both xylem and phloem. Recent studies have revealed that CLAVATA3/Embryo Surrounding Region‐related (CLE) peptides function in establishing the vascular system through interaction with phytohormones. In particular, TDIF/CLE41/CLE44, phloem‐derived CLE peptides, promote the proliferation of vascular cambium cells and prevent them from differentiating into xylem by regulating WOX4 expression through the TDR/PXY receptor. In this review article, we outline recent advances on how CLE peptides function in vascular development in concert with phytohormones through mediating cell‐cell communication. The perspective of CLE peptide signaling in vascular development is also discussed.
A systematic literature review of Releasing Time to Care: The Productive Ward
Authors: Wright Stella , McSherry Wilfred 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesThis systematic review provides an overview of the literature published on Releasing Time to Care: The Productive Ward between 2005 and June 2011.BackgroundReleasing Time to Care: The Productive Ward programme was developed by the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement and launched in England in 2007. The programme comprises thirteen modules that aim to increase time for direct patient care, improve the patient and staff experience and make changes to the ward environment to improve efficiency.DesignA systematic literature review.MethodsThe terms ‘Releasing Time to Care’ and ‘Productive Ward’ were applied to key healthcare databases; CINAHL, Medline, Science Direct, ProQuest, Health Business Elite, British Nursing Index, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium and PsychInfo. All papers were read and subject to a quality assessment.ResultsThe literature search identified 95 unique sources. A lack of research on The Productive Ward programme meant it was necessary to include non‐empirical literature. In total, 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. Seven key themes were identified: the patient and staff experience, direct care time, patient safety, financial impact, embedding and sustainability, executive support and leadership, and common barriers and determinants of success. It also highlighted areas that require further exploration such as long‐term sustainability of the programme and consistent data measurement between organisations.ConclusionThe review tentatively reports how The Productive Ward programme has been used to transform nursing practice for the benefit of patients and frontline staff, and how it resulted in cost savings. The literature review identified a potential positive results bias in the current literature whereby favourable outcomes were reported.Relevance to clinical practiceThis paper summarises the types of evidence and current literature on The Productive Ward providing a reference for frontline staff implementing the programme.
Towards 2015: post‐partum haemorrhage in sub‐Saharan Africa still on the rise
Authors: Mpemba Faraja , Kampo Sylvanus , Zhang Xinyu 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo review literature from 1996–2012 relating to factors associating with the persistent maternal mortality rate (MMR) caused by post‐partum haemorrhage (PPH) in sub‐Saharan Africa.BackgroundOne woman dies every seven minutes, at the same time, one‐quarter of all maternal death worldwide is being caused by PPH. The aim of United Nations Fifth Millennium Development Goal 5 is to lower MMR by three quarters between 1990–2015.DesignNarrative literature review.MethodsStudy articles from 1996–2012 were searched in electronic databases MEDLINE, Cochrane, PubMED, Google's scholar and manual searches. Combinations of the following search words were used: post‐partum haemorrhage/bleeding, sub‐Saharan Africa/rural areas, antenatal/obstetric care/maternal mortality/skilled care at birth/maternity care/health survey. 125 article abstracts were read, and 50 full articles used in this review.ResultsEvery day about 800 women died due to birth complications in 2010: of the 800 maternal deaths worldwide, 440 occurred in sub‐Saharan Africa with PPH being the main cause. Common causes of PPH are related to failure of the healthcare system, inaccurate estimation of blood loss after delivery and lack of skills to prevent and manage PPH.DiscussionSpecial attention is needed with emphasis on regular attendance of antenatal clinic, proper information concerning pregnancy and delivery, skills to accurate estimate blood loss, and prevention and management of PPH.ConclusionPPH is the leading cause of MMR in areas where essential care and skilled health attendants are limited. Basic Emergency Obstetric Care and arrangements for timely referral to the big hospital with facilities must be practiced everywhere.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review may help to remind health workers and the government that maternal mortality due to PPH is still higher and more interventions are needed.
Moral distress: levels, coping and preferred interventions in critical care and transitional care nurses
Authors: Wilson Melissa A , Goettemoeller Diana M , Bevan Nancy A , McCord Jennifer M 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the level and frequency of moral distress in staff nurses working in two types of units in an acute care hospital and to gather information for future interventions addressing moral distress.BackgroundIn 2008, the American Association of Critical Care Nurses published a Position Statement on Moral Distress. Nurses working in units where critically ill patients are admitted may encounter distressing situations. Moral distress is the painful feelings and/or psychological disequilibrium that may occur when taking care of patients.DesignAn exploratory, descriptive design study was used to identify the type and frequency of moral distress experienced by nurses. The setting was an acute care hospital in which the subjects were sampled from two groups of nurses based on their unit assignment.MethodsA descriptive, questionnaire study was used. Nurses completed the 38‐item moral distress scale, a coping questionnaire, and indicated their preferred methods for institutional support in managing distressing situations. A convenience sample of staff nurses was approached to complete the moral distress questionnaire.ResultsOverall, the nurses reported low levels of moral distress. Situations creating the highest levels of moral distress were those related to futile care. A significance between group differences was found in the physician practice dimension. Specific resources were identified to help guide future interventions to recognise and manage moral distress.ConclusionNurses reported lower levels and frequency of moral distress in these units but their open‐ended responses appeared to indicate moral distress. Nurses identified specific resources that they would find helpful to alleviate moral distress.Relevance to clinical practiceThere are numerous studies that identify the situations and the impact of moral distress, but not many studies explore treatments and interventions for moral distress. This study attempted to identify nurse preferences for lessening the impact of moral distress.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen–4 +49A/G polymorphism does not affect susceptibility to autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: van Gerven Nicole M. F. , de Boer Ynto S. , Zwiers Antonie , van Hoek Bart , van Erpecum Karel J. , Beuers Ulrich , van Buuren Henk R. , Drenth Joost P. H. , den Ouden Jannie W. , Verdonk Robert C. , Koek Ger H. , Brouwer Johannes T. , Guichelaar Maureen M. J. , Vrolijk Jan M. , Kraal G. , Mulder Chris J. J. , van Nieuwkerk Carin. M. J. , Bouma Gerd ,   the Dutch Autoimmune Hepatitis Study group
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen‐4 gene (CTLA‐4) have been associated with several autoimmune diseases including autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). In this chronic idiopathic inflammatory liver disease, conflicting results have been reported on the association with a SNP at position +49 in the CTLA‐4 gene in small patient cohorts. Here, we established the role of this SNP in a sufficiently large cohort of AIH patients.MethodsThe study population consisted of 672 AIH patients derived from academic and regional hospitals in the Netherlands and was compared with 500 controls selected from the ‘Genome of the Netherlands’ project cohort. Genotype frequencies were assessed by PCR for patients and by whole genome sequencing for controls.ResultsNo significant differences in allele frequencies were found between patients and controls (G Allele: 40% vs 39%, P = 0.7). Similarly, no significant differences in genotype frequencies between patients and controls were found. Finally, there was no relation between disease activity and the G allele or AG and GG genotypes.ConclusionThe Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen‐4 +49 A/G polymorphism does not represent a major susceptibility risk allele for AIH in Caucasians and is not associated with disease severity at presentation.
Outcomes and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after kidney transplantation in occult HBV carriers
Authors: Chen G.‐D. , Gu J.‐L. , Qiu J. , Chen L.‐Z. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the outcomes and risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after kidney transplantation in occult HBV carriers, who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegative and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) seropositive before kidney transplantation.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 322 occult HBV carriers who received kidney transplantation in our hospital from January 1998 to June 2008. HBsAg and HBV DNA were routinely checked for diagnosis of HBV reactivation.ResultsOur results showed that 15 cases (4.7%) of occult HBV carriers had HBV reactivation after kidney transplantation. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year patient survival was 86.7%, 79.4%, 72.2%, and 65.0%, respectively, in the HBV reactivation group, and was 96.1%, 93.8%, 91.5%, and 84.5%, respectively, in the non‐HBV reactivation group (log‐rank 4.12, P = 0.042). Graft survival showed no difference between these 2 groups (P > 0.05). The incidences of impairment of liver function, liver function failure, hepatocellular carcinoma, and acute rejection were significantly higher in the HBV reactivation group compared with the non‐HBV reactivation group (P < 0.05). Logistic multivariate analysis showed that older age (>60 years) and using anti‐T‐cell antibodies were independent risk factors for HBV reactivation after kidney transplantation, while being hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) seropositive and using lamivudine prophylaxis could protect occult HBV carriers from HBV reactivation after kidney transplantation (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, our data showed that HBV reactivation may diminish the patient survival but not graft survival. Older age and anti‐T‐cell antibodies may increase the risk of HBV reactivation, whereas lamivudine prophylaxis may prevent HBV reactivation after kidney transplantation.
A Shortcut Fatigue Analysis Method
Authors: Thompson H. M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A shortcut fatigue analysis method is presented which can be used to provide fatigue life estimates during the preliminary design phase of deepwater fixed platforms. For this type of structure, the method is intended to provide order of magnitude fatigue life estimates only. For simpler structures, such as deepwater offshore caissons, the shortcut analysis can provide good agreement with a detailed spectral fatigue analysis. The fundamental assumption of the method is that the dynamic transfer function can be closely approximated by the product of the static transfer function and a single degree of freedom dynamic amplification factor, which has been adjusted to produce a “fit” to the true DAF at resonance. Only one dynamic analysis of the structure needs to be performed, i.e., to determine the true DAF at resonance.
Dynamic Response Statistics of Linear System Under Morison-Type Wave
Force
Authors: Hu S.-L. J. , Muin M. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to establish the non-normal relationship between Morison-type random wave loading and structural response via repeated Monte Carlo simulations. A standardized equation of motion will be developed, such that the numerical results can apply to various structures and sea states, instead of a particular structure or sea state. The reliability of the Monte Carlo simulation technique will also be investigated, analytically and experimentally.
Motion Prediction of a Single-Point Moored Tanker Subjected to
Current, Wind and Waves
Authors: Jiang T. , Schellin T. E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Horizontal motions of a tanker attached to a single-point mooring (SPM) terminal were predicted using digital simulation in the time domain. Excitations from steady current, gusting wind, and irregular seaway were included. Hydrodynamic forces generated by the ship’s motion and the action of its propeller and rudder were calculated in accordance with a previously validated, nonlinear quasi-steady four-quadrant maneuvering model, extended to include linear memory effects due to waves generated by the moving ship. Memory effects were approximated by a vectorial recursive state space model corresponding to a set of higher order differential equations. A nonlinear relationship of the force in the mooring hawser was assumed to represent restoring force characteristics of the SPM system. Wave excitation forces comprised first-order forces at wave frequencies and second-order drift forces at low frequencies. First-order wave forces were obtained by superposition of force components corresponding to regular wave components comprising the wave spectrum. Based on the low-frequency wave envelope, drift forces were calculated using mean drift force coefficients in regular waves. Selected sample simulations are presented to illustrate the use of this digital simulation method.
An Improved Joint Model and Equations for Flexibility of Tubular
Joints
Authors: Ueda Y. , Rashed S. M. H. , Nakacho K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In tubular frames with simple joints, joints may show considerable flexibility in the elastic as well as the elastic-plastic ranges. Such flexibility may have large effects on the behavior of the structure as a whole. In a previous paper, an effective simple model of tubular joints is developed. The model takes account of joint flexibility in the elastic as well as the elastic-plastic ranges based on elastic-fully plastic load-displacement relatioships. In this paper an improved joint model is presented to provide better accuracy while maintaining simplicity. The accuracy of the model is confirmed through comparisons with results of finite element analysis. Equations to evaluate the initial stiffness of tubular T and Y-joints when braces are subjected to axial compression or in-plane bending moment are also presented. Such equations for different types of joints in different loading conditions are needed in order to avoid expensive calculations to evaluate the initial stiffness of joints.