bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between admission pan-immune-inflammation value and short-term mortality in septic patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Xu Hong-Bo , Xu Yu-Hong , He Ying , Lin Xiao-Hua , Suo Zhijun , Shu Huaqing , Zhang Haigang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) has recently received more attention as a novel indicator of inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the association between PIV and prognosis in septic patients. Data were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. The primary and secondary outcomes were 28-day and 90-day mortality. The association between PIV and outcomes was assessed by Kaplan–Meier curves, Cox regression analysis, restricted cubic spline curves and subgroup analysis. A total of 11,331 septic patients were included. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that septic patients with higher PIV had lower 28-day survival rate. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, log2-PIV was positively associated with the risk of 28-day mortality [HR (95% CI) 1.06 (1.03, 1.09), P < 0.001]. The relationship between log2-PIV and 28-day mortality was non-linear with a predicted inflection point at 8. To the right of the inflection point, high log2-PIV was associated with an increased 28-day mortality risk [HR (95% CI) 1.13 (1.09, 1.18), P < 0.001]. However, to the left of this point, this association was non-significant [HR (95% CI) 1.01 (0.94, 1.08), P = 0.791]. Similar results were found for 90-day mortality. Our study showed a non-linear relationship between PIV and 28-day and 90-day mortality risk in septic patients.
Treatment outcomes in cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis
Authors: Boonhaijaroen Thanut , Choopong Pitipol , Tungsattayathitthan Usanee , Tesavibul Nattaporn , Sanphan Wilawan , Boonsopon Sutasinee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study investigated patients with cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) and compared treatment outcomes between regional and systemic antiviral therapies. Treatment modalities included topical (2% ganciclovir [GCV] eye drops or 0.2% GCV eye gel) and systemic (intravenous GCV or oral valganciclovir) groups. The comparison parameters included response rates, time to response, recurrence rates, time to recurrence, and complications. Forty-four patients (54.5% male) with a mean age of 56 ± 9.87 years were enrolled, with 31 eyes in the topical group and 13 eyes in the systemic group. The median response time was significantly slower in the topical group (63 days [IQR 28–112]) compared to the systemic group (28 days [IQR 24–59]) (p = 0.04). Treatment response rates were 87.1% (27/31) in the topical group and 100% (13/13) in the systemic group (p = 0.30), while recurrence rates were 37% (10/27) and 69.2% (9/13) (p = 0.056), with a median time to recurrence of 483 days [IQR 145–1388] and 392 days [IQR 203.5–1907.5] (p = 0.20), respectively. In conclusion, both topical and systemic GCV treatments demonstrated favorable outcomes for CMV AU. Systemic GCV showed rapid control of intraocular inflammation.
A scalable synergy-first backbone decomposition of higher-order structures in complex systems
Authors: Varley Thomas F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in the field of multivariate information theory and the study of emergent, higher-order interactions. These “synergistic” dependencies reflect information that is in the “whole” but not any of the “parts.” Arguably the most successful framework for exploring synergies is the partial information decomposition (PID). Despite its considerable power, the PID has a number of limitations that restrict its general applicability. Subsequently, other heuristic measures, such as the O-information, have been introduced, although these measures typically only provide a summary statistic of redundancy/synergy dominance, rather than direct insight into the synergy itself. To address this issue, we present an alternative decomposition that is synergy-first, scales much more gracefully than the PID, and has a straightforward interpretation. We define synergy as that information encoded in the joint state of a set of elements that would be lost following the minimally invasive perturbation on any single element. By generalizing this idea to sets of elements, we construct a totally ordered “backbone” of partial synergy atoms that sweeps the system’s scale. This approach applies to the entropy, the Kullback-Leibler divergence, and by extension, to the total correlation and the single-target mutual information (thus recovering a “backbone” PID). Finally, we show that this approach can be used to decompose higher-order interactions beyond information theory by showing how synergistic combinations of edges in a graph support global integration via communicability. We conclude by discussing how this perspective on synergistic structure can deepen our understanding of part-whole relationships in complex systems.
Wissenstransferstrategien, Forschungserfahrungen und -bedarfe in
medizinischen Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
Authors: Wimmesberger Nicole , Fichtner Urs , Farin Erik 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund  Um Forschungsergebnisse effektiv in der Gesundheitsversorgung
anzuwenden, müssen sie verständlich und leicht zugänglich für alle Beteiligten
präsentiert werden. Die REHA-KNOWS Studie in Südwestdeutschland untersucht
bestehende Wissenstransferstrategien in medizinischen Rehabilitationszentren,
identifiziert Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten und erkundet die Forschungserfahrungen
sowie -bedarfe der Praxisvertreter:innen in diesem Bereich, um zur Schließung
der Wissens-Praxis-Lücke beizutragen.
Material und Methoden  Für die Querschnittsbefragung wurde ein
standardisierter Online-Fragebogen an Repräsentant:innen von
Rehabilitationseinrichtungen in Baden-Württemberg und im Saarland verschickt.
Der Fragebogen beinhaltet Fragen zu Teilnehmer:innen, Einrichtungen, aktuellen
und vergangenen Forschungsaktivitäten, Forschungsbedarfen und
Wissenstransferstrategien. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv analysiert und
inhaltsanalytisch aufbereitet.
Ergebnisse  Innerbetriebliche (76,1%) und externe (76,1%) Fort- und
Weiterbildungen sowie wissenschaftliche Fachzeitschriften (72,7%) sind die am
häufigsten genutzten Wissenstransferstrategien. Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der
Befragten (63,3%) sieht konkretes Verbesserungspotential bei der Integration
wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse in ihren Arbeitsalltag. 55,7% der Befragten hat an
mindestens einem Forschungsprojekt teilgenommen, während sich fast ein Viertel
(22,7%) noch nie an einem Forschungsprojekt beteiligt hatte. Besonderen
Forschungsbedarf sehen die Teilnehmenden in den Themen „Assessmentinstrumente“
(59,1%), „Einflussfaktoren, die das Reha-Ergebnis beeinflussen“ (56,8%) und
„Evaluation von Therapieformen und -programmen“ (54,6%).
Schlussfolgerungen Viele Vertreter:innen aus Rehabilitationseinrichtungen
sind an Forschungsprojekten beteiligt, sehen einen Forschungsbedarf zu
Assessmentinstrumenten und nutzen interne sowie externe Fort- &
Weiterbildungen als Wissenstransferstrategie. Die Ergebnisse können als
Grundlage für eine zukünftige, zielgerichtetere rehabilitationswissenschaftliche
Forschung und Praxis dienen.
Immigrants’ attitudes towards varieties of American English
Authors: Lee Jeongyi , Huh Keun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Native speakers of English commonly perceive some social variants of their language to be more prestigious than
others. It is less clear, however, whether nonnative English speakers from immigrant communities come to internalize similar
language stereotypes. The present study analysed, through a language attitude survey, a total of 40 Korean American college
students’ reactions to tape-recorded samples of five socially stratified varieties of English commonly heard in the U.S. Results
indicated that Korean American college students perceived a Standard American English (SAE) typical of broadcast English in the
U.S. most favourably. Nonstandard varieties (regional and ethnic dialects), especially African American English, were judged as
less favourable. SAE and its speaker was associated with positive qualities on rating scales, while nonstandard guises were rated
less favourably on the same characteristics. This study provides a greater understanding of how different English varieties are
perceived by an immigrant community in the U.S. and invites future studies of English language attitudes in other minority
communities.
“Yet ar ye not lyche, for thu art a fals strumpet”
Authors: Timofeeva Olga , Kahlas-Tarkka Leena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Late Middle English, the system of second-person pronouns with singular referents is characterised by
retractable choices based on the interactional status of interlocutors. This system has until recently been documented mostly in
studies based on poetic texts, such as the Canterbury Tales by Chaucer, and, to a lesser extent, private
correspondence and mystery plays. We use the Book of Margery Kempe as a primary source and offer the perspective
of a middle-class female author from early-fifteenth-century Norfolk. Conventional politeness of Margery Kempe requires the
default use of ye/you/your forms, especially when addressees are unfamiliar, older or socially superior, but also
in situations of mutual acceptance and deference. Thou/thee/thine forms, on the other hand, indicate social or
intellectual superiority as well as, at the interactional level, condescension, contempt, annoyance, defiance and abuse. Their
use, therefore, is typically marked.
重慶方言句末語氣詞的意義功能及結構
Authors: Tang Li , Hsu Yu-Yin 
Published: July 2024

抽象的
本文分析重慶方言中七個句末語氣詞各自獨特的核心意義和功能並論證它們的結構位置。我們認為重慶方言的句末語氣詞可以分為三大類，符合Rizzi
(1997)與Paul
(2014)的CP分裂假說，它們在結構上分別在不同功能層中佔據中心語位置，其中重慶話的「lao」和普通話句末語氣詞「了」用法相同且佔據相同的位置，標示句子的限定性。「mai」、「ha」、「suo」三個疑問語氣詞標示疑問句，選擇陳述句為補足語構成是非問句，作為定義句子類型的Force中心語；但這三個疑問語氣詞分別表達命題和說話人預設之間不同的關聯。對於語法文獻中較少討論、與語篇相關的三個篇章語氣詞本文中也特別一併分析它們的語義及結構限制。本文主張重慶方言中篇章語氣詞在結構上受句法限制較小，因此可以運用在不同句子類型中，但語氣詞各有其核心語義：「haPRAG」用來緩和語氣，「sa」表示確認，「dema」是提示對話雙方的共知背景信息。重慶方言的考察對於語法本體研究中較少討論的篇章語氣詞提供了豐富有趣的資料。本研究的結果為CP分裂假說提供了跨語言的一致性的支持。此外，本文對不同類型語氣詞的核心語義的判定也可為未來研究漢語其他方言之間的區別與共性，或是對其他同樣有豐富句末語氣詞的語言研究及跨語言對比研究提供一定的基礎。
Note on black holes with kilometer-scale ultraviolet regulators
Authors: Boos Jens , Carone Christopher D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Regular black hole metrics involve a universal, mass-independent regulator that can be up to

O

(
700

km
)

while remaining consistent with terrestrial tests of Newtonian gravity and astrophysical tests of general relativistic orbits. However, for such large values of the regulator scale, the metric describes a compact, astrophysical-mass object with no horizon rather than a black hole. We note that allowing the regulator to have a nontrivial mass dependence preserves the horizon, while allowing large, percent-level effects in black hole observables. By considering the deflection angle of light and the black hole shadow, we demonstrate this possibility explicitly.
Cramér-Rao lower bounds on parameter estimation for a circular binary of supermassive black holes in gravitational wave observations using pulsar timing array
Authors: Duan Qing-Qing , Liu Jin , Kang Zhi-Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are effective in detecting low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), especially in circular binary systems of supermassive black holes. To evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of PTAs in searching for GW parameter estimation, we use the Cramer-Rao lower bound to estimate the parameters of the Virgo source under various search conditions, including both evolving and non-evolving scenarios, as well as Earth and pulsar term searches, and only Earth term searches. The results show that the estimation accuracy of the inclination angle and GW strain is lower in the evolving condition than in the non-evolving condition because the two parameters participate in the evolving process. In addition, we find that the parameters estimable relates to signal-to-noise ratio, which is beneficial for reducing the dimensionality in the search process. In summary, our method serves as a reference for exploring lower parameter limits under different conditions and assists in assessing the optimization of parameter estimation in GW detection algorithms. This helps lay the theoretical foundation for advances in the field of GWs and the optimization of PTAs.
Indirect measurement of atomic magneto-optical rotation via Hilbert transform
Authors: Briscoe Jack D , Pizzey Danielle , Wrathmall Steven A , Hughes Ifan G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Kramers–Kronig relations are a pivotal foundation of linear optics and atomic physics, embedding a physical connection between the real and imaginary components of any causal response function. A mathematically equivalent, but simpler, approach instead utilises the Hilbert transform. In a previous study, the Hilbert transform was applied to absorption spectra in order to infer the sole refractive index of an atomic medium in the absence of an external magnetic field. The presence of a magnetic field causes the medium to become birefringent and dichroic, and therefore it is instead characterised by two refractive indices. In this study, we apply the same Hilbert transform technique to independently measure both refractive indices of a birefringent atomic medium, leading to an indirect measurement of atomic magneto-optical rotation. Key to this measurement is the insight that inputting specific light polarisations into an atomic medium induces absorption associated with only one of the refractive indices. We show this is true in two configurations, commonly referred to in literature as the Faraday and Voigt geometries, which differ by the magnetic field orientation with respect to the light wavevector. For both cases, we measure the two refractive indices independently for a Rb thermal vapour in a

0.6

T

magnetic field, finding excellent agreement with theory. This study further emphasises the application of the Hilbert transform to the field of quantum and atomic optics in the linear regime.
The electron affinity of rubidium: a state selective measurement
Authors: Ringvall-Moberg Annie , Nichols Miranda , Navarro Navarrete José E , Bērziņš Uldis , D’mello Viola C , Karls Julia , Lu Di , Peña Rodríguez Yazareth , Poulose Rachel , Morales Rodríguez Andrea , Ravi Keerthana , Ramachandran Meera , Zhaunerchyk Vitali , Hanstorp Dag , Leimbach David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Negative ions, which are formed when an electron is attached to a neutral system, are unique quantum systems. The lack of a long-range Coulomb force causes the inter-electronic interactions to become relatively more important. As a consequence, the independent particle model, which adequately describes atomic structure under normal conditions, breaks down. The alkali negative ions, with a closed valence s-shell, are among the simplest anionic systems. Hence, they can favorably be used to benchmark atomic theory. In this work, we have determined the electron affinity of 85Rb by measuring the relative partial photodetachment cross section of the negative ion, leaving the residual atom in the 5p

2

P

3
/
2

excited state. Resonance ionization spectroscopy allows for state selectivity and the ability to measure the Wigner s-wave threshold onset of the photodetachment process. The electron affinity of 85Rb was determined to be 485.887(6) meV.
Fatigue life prediction for high-speed railway bridges by reconstructing monitoring-based dynamic stress
Authors: Wei Yun-Tao , Yi Ting-Hua , Yang Dong-Hui , Li Hong-Nan , Liu Hua 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Bridge responses that are excited by high-speed trains have the characteristics of high amplitude, high cycle, and large dynamic effects, which greatly affect the fatigue bearing capacity of affected bridges. To achieve reliable analysis of the fatigue performance of high-speed railway bridges, this study developed a bridge fatigue life prediction method based on the reconstruction of the train-induced dynamic stress time history. First, the equations for solving the static stress time history under influence line virtual loading are derived, and then the dynamic stress time history reconstruction method based on two types of dynamic correction factors is proposed. The statistical characteristics of the train loads and dynamic correction factors are fit according to monitoring data, and bridge fatigue life prediction is realized by use of the reliability theory. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by using a train-bridge interaction model and monitoring data from a long-span high-speed railway bridge. The results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the accuracy of fatigue performance analysis and can effectively predict the fatigue life of high-speed railway bridges under complex loads. These results can provide an important reference for fatigue evaluation of high-speed railway bridges.
Model predictive path tracking control of intelligent vehicles based on dual-stage disturbance observer under multi-channel disturbances
Authors: Guo Lie , Guo Pengyuan , Guan Longxin , Ma Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Parameter fluctuations, unmodeled dynamics, speed variation, steering actuator faults, and other multi-channel uncertain disturbances are the key challenges faced by the path tracking control of intelligent vehicles, which will affect the accuracy and stability of the path tracking. Therefore, a model predictive control (MPC) method based on a dual-stage disturbance observer (DDOB) is proposed in this paper. First, a tracking error dynamics model considering multi-channel uncertain disturbances is constructed, based on which a model predictive controller is designed to obtain the nominal front wheel steering angle by the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition. Furthermore, the DDOB is designed to enable real-time estimation of the system disturbances, and then the estimated disturbances are used as the compensation for the nominal front wheel steering angle, which establishes the MPC control law with parallel compensation of the DDOB. Finally, the error boundedness of the DDOB and the global stability of the model predictive controller are analyzed. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified through Carsim–Simulink simulation and hardware-in-the-loop experiments.
Measurement of sand particle motion speed in multiphase wind-sand flow based on piezoelectric ceramic sensors
Authors: Pu Ou , Yuan Boqiu , Li Zhengnong , Chen Zheng , Liang Yong , Lin Xiqiao , Tan Jihui , Li Zhen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Utilizing Pb(ZrTi)O3-5 A piezoelectric ceramic (hereafter referred to as PZT-5 A) as sensors, we studied the movement speed of sand particles in multiphase wind-sand flows. We developed a mathematical model that effectively links the impact force of sand grains with the output voltage of PZT-5 A, incorporating factors such as the piezoelectric coefficient and sand particle characteristics. Additionally, we proposed a new method to accurately determine the elastic recovery coefficient of sand particles using PZT-5A sensor measurements and experimental setups, which is significant for the field of material science. Wind tunnel experiments revealed that at heights ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 m, sand particle speeds range from 52.8% to 91.4% of wind speeds. As wind speed increases to 15 m s−1, sand particle speed nears 91.4% of wind speed. Yet, at a constant wind speed, sand speed drops as sediment discharge rises. This research offers fresh insights into sand particle dynamics in wind-sand contexts.
Depth localization of subsurface defects by optical dark-field confocal microscopy
Authors: Liu Jian , Jiang Yong , Wang Ziyi , Zou Chongliang , Liu Chenguang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Subsurface defects (SSD) in optical components pose a significant challenge for enhancing the power density of high-energy laser devices. This study investigated the issue of systematic deviation between the measured and actual depths of SSD when employing optical dark-field confocal microscopy for three-dimensional measurements, which is attributed to refractive index disparities between the sample and the observation environment. This paper introduces geometric and diffraction optical models for correcting errors in the SSD depth, along with a calculation method for determining the correction coefficient. By comparing the experimental data and model simulations, a linear relationship between the measured and actual depths was identified with linearity errors below 2.5% and a minimum of 0.67%. The correction coefficients derived from the optical diffraction model are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. These findings offer valuable insights for calculating SSD depth correction coefficients across various scenarios and requirements to ensure precise measurements.
Research on GNSS-IR soil moisture retrieval based on random forest algorithm
Authors: Zheng Naiquan , Chai Hongzhou , Wang Zhihao , Pu Dongdong , Zhang Qiankun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Soil moisture (SM) retrieval is of great significance in climate, agriculture, ecology, hydrology, and natural disaster monitoring, and it is one of the essential hydrometeorological parameters studied in the world at present. With the continuous development of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a technique called GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) became widely used in ground SM inversion. Therefore, based on the frequency, amplitude and phase of signal-to-noise ratio residuals (δSNR), this study takes P037 and P043 stations set by UNAVCO in the United States as examples and develops the research of SM inversion from random forest regression (RFR) prediction. The experimental results show that the retrieval accuracy of SM under different practical schemes can be in descending order: L1 + L2 dual frequency combination > L2 single frequency > L1 single frequency. It is confirmed that the experimental scheme based on the L1 + L2 dual-frequency combination is beneficial to the inversion of SM. In the L1 + L2 dual-frequency combination, the prediction set accuracy of the P037 station is as follows: R is 0.796, root mean square error (RMSE) is 0.032 cm3 cm−3, ME is 0.002 cm3 cm−3. The prediction accuracy of the P043 station is as follows: R is 0.858, RMSE is 0.039 cm3 cm−3, ME is −0.009 cm3 cm−3. Among them, the RMSE of the L1 + L2 dual-frequency combination of the two stations has an improvement effect of 13%–37% compared with their single-frequency, which has a noticeable improvement effect. The difference between the SM retrieved by GNSS-IR and the reference value of PBO-H2O is concentrated around 0, further showing the accuracy of SM retrieved by GNSS-IR technology. To sum up, this study considers that SM retrieval based on the RFR model has good reliability and accuracy, which makes GNSS-IR technology an efficient means for SM retrieval. With the continuous improvement of the GNSS system and technology, the application of GNSS-IR technology in SM will become broader.