bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous sampling of both cingulate gyri using a single interhemispheric depth electrode: A technical note
Authors: Farhat Sahar , Melhem Jawad , Darwish Houssein , Bsat Shadi , Kawtharani Sarah , Fadlallah Hiba , Najjar Marwan , Beydoun Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Simultaneous sampling of the cingulate gyri through a single depth electrode inserted underneath the falx cerebri is clinically useful in certain cases of drug-resistant epilepsy. However, the frequency at which each region of the cingulate gyri – namely, anterior, middle, and posterior – can be simultaneously sampled with a single electrode remains uncertain.

Methods:
We assessed the anatomical relationship between the falx cerebri and the cingulate gyrus in 50 adults and children. Subsequently, we determined whether an arbitrary line, denoted as A (representing a 5 mm gap between the falx cerebri and corpus callosum necessary for depth electrode insertion), fell within the anterior, middle, or posterior cingulate gyrus.

Results:
The shape of the falx cerebri and its intersection point with the corpus callosum varied substantially across individuals, with a significant difference between children and adults (P = 0.02). The A line was located in the middle cingulate gyrus in 18 children (72%), while 3 (12%) and 4 (16%) had it located in the posterior and anterior cingulate gyrus, respectively. Among adults, 15 individuals (60%) had the A line in the middle cingulate gyrus, 10 (40%) in the posterior cingulate gyrus, and none in the anterior cingulate gyrus.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the feasibility of simultaneous sampling of both the anterior and middle cingulate gyri in adults and children. Moreover, it represents the first investigation to document the wide interindividual variability in the morphology of the falx cerebri and its association with the cingulate gyrus.
THE MIGRATION PHENOMENON : BELONGS TO QUALITY OF PLACE AND HAPPINESS
Authors: Fresiani Anggun 
Published: July 2024

<em><span>Typically, migration is carried out to fulfill life goals and occurs across every generation, hence its importance in sustainable development. However, there exists an opposing phenomenon between the number of in-out migration and the Happiness Index. This research analyze the correlation of migration, place quality, and happiness as a life goals. This research gathers primary data using Stratified Multiple Random Sampling method and analyzed the correlation and influence using SPSS. The differences in correlation results among variables were significant, where Yogyakarta City had positive correlations with migration and some components of place quality; some components of place quality and happiness. Meanwhile, Bekasi Region showed negative correlations with migration and happiness. Furthermore, migration in both locations was influenced by some components of quality of place and some dimensions of happiness. The aggregate results can depict spatial needs priority in planning, which can act as a stimulus for the distribution of migration.</span></em>
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN MENGENAI PROSES PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK DI SMAN 1 GODONG
Authors: Triwati Ani , Muryati Dewi Tuti , Juita Subaidah Ratna 
Published: July 2024

<p>Untuk kepentingan terbaik bagi anak, negara melakukan pembaharuan hukum di antaranya pembaharuan dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak yaitu disahkannya Undang-Undang No.11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak . Undang-Undang No.11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak ini termasuk masih kurang disosialisasikan karena undang-undang ini tergolong baru dan baru berlaku tahun 2014 yaitu setelah dua tahun diundangkan pada tahun 2012. Berkaitan dengan penyuluhan mengenai sistem peradilan pidana anak, Tim Pengabdian dari Universitas Semarang melakukan penyuluhan di SMAN 1 Godong. Metode yang digunakan dalam PkM ini adalah yang pertama pemberian kuesioner kepada peserta penyuluhan, untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemahaman peserta selama ini mengenai anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dan proses peradilan pidana anak. Metode yang kedua adalah penyuluhan mengenai sistem peradilan pidana anak, selanjutnya dilakukan tanya jawab. Metode terakhir dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner lagi setelah dilakukan penyuluhan dan tanya jawab. Pemahaman peserta didik SMA 1 Godong mengenai anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dan proses peradilan pidana anak, setelah dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui penyuluhan meningkat sebesar 37,17 %.</p>
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA SMA FUTUHIYAH MRANGGEN TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Aryaputra Muhammad Iftar , Yulistyowati Efi 
Published: July 2024

<p>Korupsi merupakan permasalahan bagi bangsa ini. Perbuatan yang merusak sendi-sendi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. Sebagai bangsa yang dikaruniai kekayaan alam yang melimpah, seharusnya rakyat hidup dalam kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran. Realitasnya, masih banyak rakyat Indonesia yang hidup di bawah garis kemiskinan. Sebagai suatu kejahatan yang luar biasa, korupsi harus diberantas dengan cara-cara yang luar biasa pula. Pencegahan korupsi harus dilakukan sedini mungkin. Pembiasaan sejak usia dini terhadap perilaku anti korupsi, diharapkan menjadi benteng untuk tidak melakukan korupsi pada masa depan. Generasi muda sebagai generasi penerus, pemegang estafet kepemimpinan di masa datang, memiliki peranan yang strategis dalam pemberantasan korupsi. Mata rantai korupsi yang sudah sangat kuat harus mampu diputus oleh generasi muda. Oleh karena itu, peranan generasi muda sangat penting dalam upaya memutus mata rantai korupsi. Permasalahan dalam kegiatan ini berkaitan dengan beberapa hal, yaitu pertama, rendahnya pemahaman terhadap aspek yuridis korupsi. Kedua, rendahnya pemahaman terhadap tindak pidana korupsi. Ketiga, rendahnya kepedulian siswa terhadap korupsi di lingkungan sekitar. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan ini pada dasarnya dibagi menjadi tiga katagori, pertama, pra kegiatan, yang dimulai dengan proses administrasi perijinan dan survei lokasi kegiatan. Kedua, pelaksanaan kegiatan yang dilakukan dengan pemberian kuesioner dan ceramah. Ketiga, evaluasi kegiatan. </p>
PENGUATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA MA AL ADZKAR TENTANG INVESTASI BAGI PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL
Authors: Abib Agus Saiful , Heryanti B. Rini 
Published: July 2024

<p>Investasi atau penanaman modal telah diatur pada Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal yang bertujuan mewujudkan masyarakat adil dan makmur berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, perlu dilaksanakan pembangunan ekonomi nasional yang berkelanjutan dengan berlandaskan demokrasi ekonomi untuk mencapai tujuan bernegara. Untuk mempercepat pembangunan ekonomi nasional dan mewujudkan kedaulatan politik dan ekonomi Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan penanaman modal untuk mengolah potensi ekonomi menjadi kekuatan ekonomi riil dengan menggunakan modal yang berasal, baik dari dalam negeri maupun dari luar negeri. Dalam menghadapi perubahan perekonomian global dan keikutsertaan Indonesia dalam berbagai kerja sama internasional perlu diciptakan iklim penanaman modal yang kondusif, promotif, memberikan kepastian hukum, keadilan, dan efisien dengan tetap memperhatikan kepentingan ekonomi nasional. Selama ini banyak siswa yang belum mengetahui tentang investasi, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk Penguatan Pemahaman Siswa MA Al Adzkar Tentang Investasi Bagi Pembagunan Nasional. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dengan cara ceramah dan tanya jawab secara langsung dan evaluasi dengan penyebaran quesioner sebelum dan sesudah kegiatan dilaksanakan. Pengabdian ini dilaksanakan oleh tim pelaksana yang terdiri dari 1 (satu) orang ketua, dan 1 (satu) orang anggota. Tim pelaksana ini adalah para dosen Fakultas Hukum Universitas Semarang yang berkompeten dalam penguasaan materi mengenai investasi bagi pembangunan nasional. Adapun hasil pengabdian yang mengambil tema investasi bagi pembangunan nasional ini berdasarkan rata-rata mengalami kenaikan sebesar 70,0%.</p>
PENINGKATAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA SMK NEGERI 4 SEMARANG MENGENAI DANA PERTANGGUNGAN WAJIB KECELAKAAN PENUMPANG DAN LALU LINTAS JALAN
Authors: Yulistyowati Efi 
Published: July 2024

Berdasarkan data dari Polda Jawa Tengah Tahun 2020, jumlah kecelakaan di Kota Semarang sebanyak 939 kasus, 121 orang tewas, 1 orang luka berat, 539 orang luka ringan, dan kerugian material Rp 427.950.000,-. Mengingat jumlah kerugian material akibat kecelakaan lalu lintas cukup besar, dan sebagian besar kecelakaan tersebut menimpa remaja, maka kami ingin melakukan pengabdian masyarakat di SMAK Negeri 4 Semarang dengan judul: Peningkatan Pemahaman Siswa SMK Negeri 4 Semarang Mengenai Dana Pertanggungan Wajib Kecelakaan Penumpang &amp; Lalu Lintas Jalan , mengingat belum banyak remaja yang tahu mengenai siapa yang berhak mendapatkan santunan dana pertanggungan kecelakaan penumpang dan lalu lintas jalan, bagaimana cara memperolehnya, dan berapa jumlahnya. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah : survey lapangan, <em>pre-test</em>, penyuluhan, tanya jawab, <em>post-test, </em>dan evaluasi. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman Siswa SMK Negeri 4 Semarang mengenai dana pertanggungan wajib kecelakaan penumpang &amp; lalu lintas jalan<em> </em>mengalami peningkatan sebesar 69,72 %. Hal itu disebabkan karena adanya respon positif dari Siswa SMK Negeri 4 Semarang akan pentingnya peningkatan pemahaman mengenai dana pertanggungan wajib kecelakaan penumpang dan lalu lintas jalan, sehingga mereka berharap perlu dilakukan peningkatan pemahaman mengenai dana pertanggungan wajib kecelakaan penumpang dan lalu lintas jalan terhadap siswa yang lain.
The Second Treaty of Erzurum and the Ottoman-Qajar border problem and their influence on Blbas (1847-1880)
Authors: Mustafa Homar Bakhtyar , M. Abdulrahman Dilshad 
Published: July 2024

Blbas was a tribal union and consisted of Mamash, Mangur, Piran, San, Ramk, Hormzyar and Gowrk tribes in the nineteenth century. They mostly lived a semi-nomadic life in Garmian and the deserted areas caused not comply with the regulations and restrictions of the Ottoman and Qajar states. As their long-standing tradition with the drop in temperatures and getting cold, they were heading to the hot areas of the Ottoman State (South of Kurdistan), and with the rise in temperatures and decrease in the pasture, they were moving to the highlands of Qajar state (East of Kurdistan). The migration and movement of the Blbas tribes began to cross the border and violated the provisions of the peace treaties between them, so the two countries accused the Blbas tribes of being the source of instability and crossing borders. In their treaty and border protocols, both countries have consistently referred directly or indirectly to the Blbas, they planned to oblige the tribes to take orders from the central governments and be inhabited in a specific area.
The Ottoman and Qajar states used different techniques to abide the Blbas tribes such as; joint military attacks, tricks and deceptions, and creating conflicts among them. All this reveals the fact that the tribes of Blbas never gave up while they have been located in an important geopolitical position. Their courage and lack of surrender to the continuous ambitions of both states, they have always lived in an unstable and chaotic situation. They have become the major issue of the treaties and documents of the time when the Ottoman and Qajar states had a decisive impact on the history of the events in the region.
Results of a soil monitoring survey in landscape farming systems
Authors: Kotlyarova Ekaterina Gennadievna , Akinchin Alexander Vladiirovich , Linkov Sergei Aleksandrovich , Kuzmina Olga Sergeevna 
Published: July 2024

The results of five rounds of a soil monitoring survey of the model object “Repny Log” in the Krasnogvardeysky district of the Belgorod region with a fully developed adaptive landscape farming system are presented. Positive changes in soil fertility indicators have been established. In the soil layer of 0-20 cm, a gradual reduction in the rate of humus loss was replaced by its subsequent growth and stabilization; in the layer of 20-40 cm, an increase in the content of organic matter in the soil by 0.52% (absolute) was statistically significant. There was a significant decrease in pHs = 7.57-7.65 with a pronounced alkaline reaction, characteristic of washed away carbonate soils, to the area of neutral values, followed by reliable stabilization (pHs = 6.31-6.58). Despite the high variability of more dynamic indicators, including agronomically valuable cations Ca2+ and Mg2+, as well as mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, they made it possible to identify some features of soil processes and the influence of such elements of adaptive landscape farming systems on them, as systems of protective forest belts, crop rotations, and fertilizers.
Processing of chicken manure of different ages by modifying the basic technology into bio-compost and testing it on potatoes
Authors: Rabinovich Galina Yurievna , Treshkin Igor Aleksandrovich 
Published: July 2024

Features of the development of an algorithm for preparing new biocompost from manure of different ages under controlled conditions are presented. An impressive series of preliminary experiments with composting manure in various combinations, both with and without the addition of sawdust, allowed us to select the best process for solid phase aerobic fermentation (SPAF). A process was chosen for which the initial mixture is made up of rotted (from 2 years) and semi-rotted (from 6 months) droppings in a ratio of 3:1 with the addition of 10 % sawdust, while an optimal temperature regime is created in the fermentable mass. This fermentation process was accompanied by the expected losses of carbon and nitrogen, reflecting the actually natural processes of biocomposting in the piles. Oxidation of the components of the fermented mass occurred, as evidenced by the intensive increase in nitrate accumulation against the background of a decrease in ammonia nitrogen. The new biocompost was characterized by a fairly high content of basic nutrients, %: Ntotal - 3.80, P2O5 - 2.1, K2O - 2.45, humidity - 55 %, slightly alkaline pH 8.5. A negative, difficult to eliminate consequence of the updated SPAF process is the unpleasant odor of biocompost, the reduction of which can only be achieved through prolonged ventilation, which undoubtedly increases the cost of production. The initial testing of the new biocompost in 2023 on potatoes of the Queen Anna variety at an application rate of 15 t/ha ensured an increase in its yield compared to the control (without fertilizers) by 87 %. The new biocompost is recommended for use as a safe organic fertilizer and as a component for the production of soils. The benefits of this type of SPAF are associated with the abandonment of an expensive ingredient - peat, the use of a cheap livestock by-product (poultry manure) to the maximum extent, as well as the introduction of forest processing waste (sawdust) in a very small volume into the initial mixtures.
Ecological sustainability of safflower dye in the arid zone of the Northern Caspian
Authors: Yachmeneva Ekaterina Vasilievna , Dyakov Alexander Sergeevich 
Published: July 2024

The territory of the Northern Caspian is a zone of unstable agriculture. In such conditions, the yield of non-irrigated crops mainly depends on their stability and adaptability to adverse environmental factors. The article presents the results of competitive testing of various varieties of safflower dye. Salt resistance, yield, adaptability and stress resistance were determined. According to the results of the research, the most resistant to salinization varieties were identified – Tsambuli, Center 70, and Krasa Stupinskaya, which had the best indicators on all variants. The most productive and adapted to the conditions of the arid zone of the Northern Caspian sea varieties were identified - Center 70, Talan, Nurlan and Akmai, the yield of which was 1.17-1.34 t/ha, and the adaptability was 120-138 %. High stress resistance had Moldir, Tsambuli Center 70, VIR 2933 and Astrakhan 747 varieties.
The green-leaved direction in soybean production in conditions of moisture supply in the Central Non-Chernozem region
Authors: Zagoruiko Mikhail Gennadievich , Belyshkina Marina Evgenievna , Kobozeva Tamara Petrovna 
Published: July 2024

A comparative assessment of crop yield, protein content, feed value, and above-ground biomass (fresh and dry) of northern ecotype soybeans cultivars is given under the soil-moist conditions in the Central Black Earth Region. It was found out that, the yield of soybean seeds of the northern ecotype Mageva, Svetnaya and Okskaya cultivars in dark-gray forest soils of the Central Black Earth Region averaged 2.05 t/ha, the feed units per hundredweight of the yield after harvest, 2.75 t/ha, the protein content of seeds – 39.00%, protein yield per hectare – 0.79 t, the ratio of essential amino acids of protein seed yield – 59.43 %, the amount of essential amino acids per hectare – 0.47 t, critical amino acid value of total amount (lysine, methionine, tryptophan) – 12.37 % , the amount of critical amino acids – 0.099 t/ha. The fresh above-ground biomass yield during the soybean full grain formation stage (R6) was 19.0 t/ha, the dry above-ground biomass yield was 5.63 t/ha (2.75 times higher than its value in the seed yield); the amount of fodder units of dry above-ground biomass yield was 2.92 t/ha (about 1.06 times higher than feed units in the seed yield); protein content in dry above-ground biomass – 16.5 % (2.36 times lower than its’ value in seeds), protein yield per hectare – 0.93 t (1.21 times more than protein seed yield); the content of essential amino acids in protein, contained in dry above-ground biomass did not exceed 49.10 %, it was 1.20 times lower than its value in seeds, as a result, the amount of essential amino acids reached 0.45 t/ha, that was close to that of the seeds yield; the content of critical amino acids in the protein did not exceed 10.26% (1.21 times less than its value in seed protein). In other words, its value reached (0.096 kg/ha), that was close to that of the seeds yield. According to the experiment, the following mean values per unit mass, were obtained by comparing 1 ton of seeds with 1 ton of dry above-ground biomass: the protein value was higher 2.36 times, the value of essential amino acids – 2.85 times higher, the value of critical amino acids – 2.88 times higher in seeds than in dry above-ground biomass. In all the years of research, dry above-ground biomass had advantages in terms of yield, in the amount of feed units from 1 ha, in terms of protein yield. In terms of the amount of essential amino acids the difference turned out to be insignificant, that is, under the moisture conditions of the Central Non-Black Earth Region, the dry above-ground biomass of the northern ecotype soybean cultivars can be used as fodder just like seeds.
Ranking of Ural potato varieties applying a complex of agrobiological traits in the conditions of the Southern Urals
Authors: Nokhrin Denis Yurievich , Vasiliev Alexander Anatolievich 
Published: July 2024

The article summarizes the results of experiments on the cultivation of 24 potatoes varieties of the Ural selection from 2017 to 2021. Using the principal component analysis on transformed (arcsine and Box–Cox) data 8 agrobiological indicators were analyzed (yield, productivity, number of tubers, average weight of tubers, marketability, late blight resistance, starch content, taste) and 7 principal components (PC) were identified, explaining 90% of the total variance. According to the integral indicator of productivity (PC 1; 43.1% of explaining variance), the following varieties were in the lead: Irbitskiy, Tarasov and Pamyati Kovalenko, according to starch content and taste of medium-sized tubers (PC 2, 21.3%) the leading varieties were: Zakhar, Kashtak and Amulet. Based on the results of the two-way ANOVA, the variance components were calculated, which are associated with the influence of the variety (genotype) and weather conditions (environment) as well as their combination (genotype–environment interaction) on the complex of agrobiological indicators. A strong influence of the environmental factor was observed for PC 1 and PC 3 (resistance to late blight and uniformity of tubers) – 66.9 and 56.5% respectively. The relationship between PC 1 and the hydrothermal coefficient was shown. The maximum influence of the genotype was discovered to be PC 2 – 43.0% and the genotype-environment interaction to be PC 4 (taste of large tubers) – 51.9%.
Varieties of forage crops bred in the North-Western Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming
Authors: Pryadilshchikova Elena Nikolaevna , Vakhrusheva Vera Viktorovna , Bezgodova Irina Leonidovna , Chernysheva Olga Оlegovna 
Published: July 2024

To expand the assortment of pea varieties, the staff of the North-Western Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming has been breeding this crop for 30 years. The basis for the creation of new varieties is hybridization and selection. In most crosses, a high-yielding variety adapted to a given soil and climatic zone is used as one parent, and a sample more valuable in terms of totality and individual characteristics is selected as the second parent. The result of the selection work of the 1980s was the breeding of two varieties of peas SZM-85 and Fen, with an average yield of green mass and seeds of 25 and 2 t/ha, and about 30 and 3 t/ha, respectively. In Russia and abroad, varieties of peas of the mustachioed morphotype began to occupy most of the crops. In the early 2000s, Vologodskiy Usaty pea variety were bred. It had a high seed multiplication coefficient, allowing to reduce seed costs, more resistant to lodging and diseases with the highest yield of green mass of 37.8 t/ha, grain – of 3.3 t/ha in the experiments of the North-Western Scientific Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming. Varieties of peas SZM-85 and Vologodskiy Usaty are currently preserved in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Improving the treatment of cows with paravaginal abscesses in the puerperal period
Authors: Zemlyankin Victor Viktorovich , Semivolos Alexander Mefodievich , Loshchinin Sergey Olegovich 
Published: July 2024

The research on a population of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle was carried out in the Antonov Agricultural Farm, Kinelsky district, Samara region. During obstetric and gynecological examinations in cows, cases of the development of paravaginal abscesses after clving were recorded. In the examined animals with paravaginal abscesses against the background of postpartum acute purulent-catarrhal endometritis, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, anorexia, and general depression were observed. To study the effectiveness of various methods of treating cows with paravaginal abscesses in the postpartum period against the background of acute purulent-catarrhal postpartum endometritis, two experimental and one control groups of animals 3–7 years of age were formed, their milk production was 5600–8300 kg of milk per lactation, body weight 475-587 kg. Diagnoses were determined based on the generally accepted concept in veterinary obstetrics and surgery, according to signs typical for these pathologies. During the research, the semiotics of the disease was established and a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of treatment with various methods of this pathology was given. It has been shown that the use of a Pezzer catheter in all animals of the experimental group guarantees constant drainage of pathological exudate, prevents the development of the disease relapses. Thanks to this technical solution, it was possible to ensure the recovery of all cows, and restoration of fertility occurred in 66.7%, whereas when using the classical method of therapy for paravaginal abscesses, the effectiveness was 50%, restoration of fertility was noted in only 33.3% of animals.