bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total tooth loss and complete denture use in older adults with intellectual disabilities in Ireland
Authors: Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , McCallion Philip , Cleary Eimear , McGlinchey Eimear , Burke Eilish , McCarron Mary , Nunn June 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe the reported dentate status and complete denture use of older people with intellectual disability (ID) and compare with those of older people in the general population in Ireland.MethodsThe first wave of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS‐TILDA) study provides opportunity to measure edentulism and complete denture use in a nationally representative sample of older people with ID in Ireland. Data drawn from the first wave of IDS‐TILDA were matched using propensity score matching with data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), a study among older adults in Ireland. All IDS‐TILDA variables showing significant association (P < 0.05) with edentulism were entered into a regression model to identify predictors of edentulism.ResultThe proportion of the 478 IDS‐TILDA participants with no teeth was higher (34.1 percent) than the proportion of participants with no teeth in the 478 matched TILDA participants (14.9 percent). Only age was predictive of edentulism among older adults with ID. Edentulism was prevalent earlier for those with ID. Notably, 61.3 percent of edentulous older people with ID were without dentures.ConclusionOlder people with ID are more likely to be edentulous than those without ID in Ireland and when they lose their teeth, they are unlikely to use dentures. This suggests a need for targeted measures to maintain the teeth of this group and, in the short term, the provision of replacement teeth in this population, where indicated.
Periconceptional undernutrition modifies endocrine profiles and hepatic gene expression in sheep
Authors: de Brun V. , Meikle A. , Casal A. , Sequeira M. , Contreras‐Solís I. , Carriquiry M. , Forcada F. , Sosa C. , Abecia J.A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis study investigated whether a 22‐day period of undernutrition (half maintenance) could affect maternal endocrine responses and liver gene expression during early pregnancy (day 7). Thirty‐five ewes were fed 1.5 (n = 15) or 0.5 (n = 20) their maintenance requirements and slaughtered on day 7 of the oestrus cycle or pregnancy (oestrus = day 0). Insulin, IGF, leptin and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were determined on days −14, 0 and 7. Transcripts of the IGF family and adipokines receptors were determined in the liver by real‐time RT‐PCR. Underfed animals presented lower body weight and body condition, greater plasma concentration of NEFA, and lower plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin and IGF1 compared to adequately fed animals. Underfed ewes presented greater hepatic expression of IGFBP2 than well‐fed ewes, but tended to have lesser expression of IGFBP5. While no effect of undernutrition on IGFBP4 and ADIPOR2 mRNA expressions was observed, they were increased by pregnancy in underfed animals. This study shows that undernutrition modifies endocrine profiles and hepatic gene expression of IGFBP2 and 5. The pregnancy status increased hepatic gene expression of IGFBP4 and ADIPOR2 mRNA in undernourished ewes.
Plasma Cardiac Troponin I Concentration and Cardiac Death in Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Borgeat K. , Sherwood K. , Payne J.R. , Luis Fuentes V. , Connolly D.J. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe use of cardiac biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of occult and symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in cats has been established. There is limited data describing their prognostic utility in cats withHCM.HypothesisCirculating concentrations of N‐terminal B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) predict cardiac death in cats withHCM.AnimalsForty‐one cats diagnosed withHCMat a veterinary teaching hospital, between February 2010 and May 2011.MethodsProspective investigational study. Plasma samples were collected from cats diagnosed withHCMand concentrations of NTproBNP andcTnIwere analyzed at a commercial laboratory. Echocardiographic measurements from the day of blood sampling were recorded. Long‐term outcome data were obtained. Associations with time to cardiac death were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsWhen controlling for the presence/absence of heart failure and echocardiographic measures of left atrial size and function, cTnI > 0.7 ng/mL was independently associated with time to cardiac death. In univariable analysis, NTproBNP > 250 pmol/L was associated with cardiac death (P = .023), but this did not remain significant (P = .951) when controlling for the effect of clinical signs or left atrial size/function.Conclusions and Clinical ImportancePlasma concentration of cTnI (cutoff >0.7 ng/mL) is a predictor of cardiac death in cats withHCMthat is independent of the presence of heart failure or left atrial dilatation.
Clinical Findings and Survival in 56 Sick Neonatal New World Camelids
Authors: Bertin F.R. , Squires J.M. , Kritchevsky J.E. , Taylor S.D. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundInformation pertaining to clinical presentation and outcome of neonatal New World camelids (NWC) is limited when compared to calves and foals.HypothesisValues of variables at admission and subsequent treatment would predict survival in sick neonatalNWC.AnimalsFifty‐six client‐owned sick neonatalNWCpresented over a 10‐year period to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital.MethodsA retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria wereNWCless than 30 days of age with complete medical records that presented between 2000 and 2010.ResultsThe median age at presentation was 1 day (range 1–20). The most common diagnoses were systemic inflammatory response syndrome (50%), congenital defects (41%), ophthalmic lesions (21%), sepsis (16%), and gastrointestinal diseases (16%). Sixty‐six percent ofNWCsurvived to discharge. Clinicopathologic findings on admission were variable and not specific for disorders. Factors associated with survival were absence of choanal atresia (P = .001,OR: 55.9 [2.5–1,232]), administration of llama plasma (P = .013,OR: 4.9 [1.4–17.7]), and antimicrobial treatment with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMS) (P = .016,OR: 6.5 [1.3–32.2]).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe use of antibiotics, particularlyTMS, and llama plasma are recommended in sick neonatalNWC. Results from this study could contribute toward defining aNWC‐specific sepsis scoring system.
Unemployment Insurance and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Røed Knut , Skogstrøm Jens Fredrik 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBased on administrative registers from Norway, we examine how unemployment insurance (UI) and active labor market programs (ALMP) affect the transition rates from unemployment to regular employment and entrepreneurship, as well as subsequent earnings levels. We find that both the employment and entrepreneurship hazards rise sharply in response to UI sanctions and UI exhaustion. On average, transitions to entrepreneurship are more profitable than transitions to regular employment. While employment transitions are highly pro‐cyclical, entrepreneurship transitions are weakly counter‐cyclical. ALMPs targeted at entrepreneurship are rare in Norway, but the few start‐up subsidies that are provided are successful in terms of generating paid work.
Demystifying the RAD fad
Authors: Puritz Jonathan B. , Matz Mikhail V. , Toonen Robert J. , Weber Jesse N. , Bolnick Daniel I. , Bird Christopher E. 
Published: October 2014

We are writing in response to the population and phylogenomics meeting review by Andrews & Luikart () entitled ‘Recent novel approaches for population genomics data analysis’. Restriction‐site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing has become a powerful and useful approach in molecular ecology, with several different published methods now available to molecular ecologists, none of which can be considered the best option in all situations. A&L report that the original RAD protocol of Miller et al. () and Baird et al. () is superior to all other RAD variants because putative PCR duplicates can be identified (see Baxter et al. ), thereby reducing the impact of PCR artefacts on allele frequency estimates (Andrews & Luikart ). In response, we (i) challenge the assertion that the original RAD protocol minimizes the impact of PCR artefacts relative to that of other RAD protocols, (ii) present additional biases in RADseq that are at least as important as PCR artefacts in selecting a RAD protocol and (iii) highlight the strengths and weaknesses of four different approaches to RADseq which are a representative sample of all RAD variants: the original RAD protocol (mbRAD, Miller et al. ; Baird et al. ), double digest RAD (ddRAD, Peterson et al. ), ezRAD (Toonen et al. ) and 2bRAD (Wang et al. ). With an understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of different RAD protocols, researchers can make a more informed decision when selecting a RAD protocol.
Chlamydia trachomatis remodels stable microtubules to coordinate Golgi stack recruitment to the chlamydial inclusion surface
Authors: Al‐Zeer Munir A. , Al‐Younes Hesham M. , Kerr Markus , Abu‐Lubad Mohammad , Gonzalez Erik , Brinkmann Volker , Meyer Thomas F. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryChlamydia trachomatis (Ctr), an obligate intracellular bacterium, survives and replicates within a membrane‐bound vacuole, termed the inclusion, which intercepts host exocytic pathways to acquire nutrients. Ctr subverts cellular trafficking pathways from the Golgi by targeting small GTPases, including Rab proteins, to sustain intracellular bacterial replication; however, the precise mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that Chlamydia infection in human epithelial cells induces microtubule remodeling, in particular the formation of detyrosinated stable MTs, to recruit Golgi ministacks, but not recycling endosomes, to the inclusion. These stable microtubules show increased resistance to chemically induced depolymerization, and their selective depletion results in reduced bacterial infectivity. Rab6 knockdown reversibly prevented not only Golgi ministack formation but also detyrosinated microtubule association with the inclusion. Our data demonstrate that Chlamydia co‐opts the function of stable microtubules to support its development.
Novel proteins for homocysteine biosynthesis in anaerobic microorganisms
Authors: Rauch Benjamin Julius , Gustafson Andrew , Perona John J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe metabolic network for sulfide assimilation and trafficking in methanogens is largely unknown. To discover novel proteins required for these processes, we used bioinformatics to identify genes co‐occurring with the protein biosynthesis enzymeSepCysS, which converts phosphoseryl‐tRNACysto cysteinyl‐tRNACysin nearly all methanogens. Exhaustive analysis revealed three conserved protein families, each containing molecular signatures predicting function in sulfur metabolism. One of these families, classified within clusters of orthologous groups (COG) 1900, possesses two conserved cysteine residues and is often found in genomic contexts together with known sulfur metabolic genes. A second protein family is predicted to bind two 4Fe‐4Sclusters. All three genes were also identified in more than 50 strictly anaerobic bacterial genera from nine distinct phyla. Gene‐deletion and growth experiments inMethanosarcina acetivorans, using sulfide as the sole sulfur source, demonstrate that two of the proteins (MA1821 andMA1822) are essential to homocysteine biosynthesis in a background lacking an additional gene for sulfur insertion into homocysteine. Mutational analysis confirms the importance of several structural elements, including a conserved cysteine residue and the predicted 4Fe‐4Scluster‐binding domain.
Gastric vagal motoneuron function is maintained following experimental spinal cord injury
Authors: Swartz E. M. , Holmes G. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundClinical reports indicate that spinal cord injury (SCI) initiates profound gastric dysfunction. Gastric reflexes involve stimulation of sensory vagal fibers, which engage brainstem circuits that modulate efferent output back to the stomach, thereby completing the vago‐vagal reflex. Our recent studies in a rodent model of experimental high thoracic (T3‐) SCI suggest that reduced vagal afferent sensitivity to gastrointestinal (GI) stimuli may be responsible for diminished gastric function. Nevertheless, derangements in efferent signals from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) to the stomach may also account for reduced motility.MethodsWe assessed the anatomical, neurophysiological, and functional integrity of gastric‐projecting DMV neurons in T3‐SCI rats using: (i) retrograde labeling of gastric‐projecting DMV neurons; (ii) whole cell recordings from gastric‐projecting neurons of the DMV; and, (iii) in vivo measurements of gastric contractions following unilateral microinjection of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) into the DMV.Key ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis of gastric‐projecting DMV neurons demonstrated no difference between control and T3‐SCI rats. Whole cell in vitro recordings showed no alteration in DMV membrane properties and the neuronal morphology of these same, neurobiotin‐labeled, DMV neurons were unchanged after T3‐SCI with regard to cell size and dendritic arborization. Central microinjection of TRH induced a significant facilitation of gastric contractions in both control and T3‐SCI rats and there were no significant dose‐dependent differences between groups.Conclusions & InferencesOur data suggest that the acute, 3 day to 1 week post‐SCI, dysfunction of vagally mediated gastric reflexes do not include derangements in the efferent DMV motoneurons.
Reversible acute anuric kidney injury after surgical evacuation of perinephric hematomas as a complication of renal transplant biopsies
Authors: Adjei‐Gyamfi Y. , Koffman G. , Amies T. , Easty M. , Marks S. D. , McHugh K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPercutaneous renal transplant biopsy is the gold standard investigation to diagnose the cause of renal allograft dysfunction. There are inherent risks to this investigation, despite the procedure becoming safer due to the increased utilization of ultrasound‐guided techniques. These biopsy risks can be increased when there is acute rejection present with a swollen transplanted kidney. Subcapsular hematomas are not uncommon after percutaneous renal transplant biopsies, but we describe two cases of post‐biopsy subcapsular hematoma which were associated with acute renal allograft dysfunction in pediatric renal transplant recipients who did not have acute rejection.
Solar UV Irradiances Modulate Effects of Ocean Acidification on the Coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Xu Kai , Gao Kunshan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEmiliania huxleyi, the most abundant coccolithophorid in the oceans, is naturally exposed to solar UV radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) in addition to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). We investigated the physiological responses of E. huxleyi to the present day and elevated CO2 (390 vs 1000 μatm; with pHNBS 8.20 vs 7.86) under indoor constant PAR and fluctuating solar radiation with or without UVR. Enrichment of CO2 stimulated the production rate of particulate organic carbon (POC) under constant PAR, but led to unchanged POC production under incident fluctuating solar radiation. The production rates of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) as well as PIC/POC ratios were reduced under the elevated CO2, ocean acidification (OA) condition, regardless of PAR levels, and the presence of UVR. However, moderate levels of UVR increased PIC production rates and PIC/POC ratios. OA treatment interacted with UVR to influence the alga's physiological performance, leading to reduced specific growth rate in the presence of UVA (315–400 nm) and decreased quantum yield, along with enhanced nonphotochemical quenching, with addition of UVB (280–315 nm). The results clearly indicate that UV radiation needs to be invoked as a key stressor when considering the impacts of ocean acidification on E. huxleyi.
Origin and variability of a terminal Proterozoic primary silica precipitate, Athel Silicilyte, South Oman Salt Basin, Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al Rajaibi Ibrahim M. , Hollis Cathy , Macquaker Joe H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Precambrian–Cambrian Athel Silicilyte is a 400 m thick, salt‐encased siliceous succession in the South Oman Salt Basin. It is a self‐sourcing hydrocarbon reservoir and comprises up to 95% microcrystalline quartz and exhibits wavy discontinuous lamination, comprising thin, alternating organic‐rich and silica‐rich layers. Textures and geochemical fingerprinting indicate that it is a primary precipitate formed by microbially mediated precipitation of silica from sea water, within the water column at the sulphidic/oxic interface. The unique occurrence of the Athel Silicilyte in the terminal Proterozoic implies that optimal conditions for this style of silica precipitation occurred only briefly. Basin anoxia, coupled with the growth of microbial mats, low pH and high silica pore water saturations, created optimal chemical conditions for silica precipitation. Volumes of microcrystalline quartz are highest within the transgressive and early highstand systems tract and towards the centre of the Athel Basin. At the basin margins, and within the late highstand systems tract, volumes of microcrystalline quartz decreased as the volume of detrital sediment increased. Mass‐balance calculations indicate that silica‐enriched sea water would have been supplied to the basin by infrequent marine incursions that replenished ambient sea water in the upper part of the water column. In conclusion, precipitation of the Athel Silicilyte was driven by the coincidence of basin restriction, limited clastic input, availability of organic matter and water column anoxia. The observation that there are few documented examples of chert deposits younger than ca 700 Ma, prior to the Cambrian explosion, suggests that although silica budgets within marine basins probably remained high prior to the evolution of silica‐secreting organisms, direct precipitation from sea water was restricted. This is tentatively related to the gradual increase in alkalinity of sea water through the Palaeo‐Proterozoic and Meso‐Proterozoic, such that silica precipitation could only occur through the coincidence of basin anoxia and low siliciclastic input.
An Application of Boundary Organisation Theory to Develop Landscape‐scale Conservation in Formal Agri‐environment Schemes
Authors: Franks Jeremy R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent reviews of UK biodiversity conservation have emphasised the need to adopt a landscape‐scale approach. This study reports the problems encountered by farmers currently participating in landscape‐scale conservation options in a UK agri‐environment scheme. Many of these problems were overcome with the assistance of independent organisations working as intermediaries between farmers and between farmers and government agencies. Findings from two surveys of farmers not involved in landscape‐scale conservation in agri‐environmental schemes reveal the problems they expect to encounter to be similar to those faced by farmers with experience of successful collaboration. It is therefore likely prospective collaborators would also benefit from the assistance of similar independent intermediary organisations. Boundary organisation theory is used to compare organisations' structures and working practices against the characteristics of successful independent intermediary negotiating organisations. It is concluded that the boundary organisation theory framework can be usefully applied to identify organisational strengths and weaknesses, and to assess competences to assume the role of an independent intermediary negotiating organisation.
Community Satisfaction in Czech Rural Communities: A Multilevel Model
Authors: Bernard Josef 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCommunity satisfaction is often regarded as an indicator of the quality of living in a local community. The author examines factors influencing community satisfaction in small rural communities of the Czech Republic. The contextual nature of this concept is taken into account. Previous analyses of factors influencing the inhabitants' satisfaction firmly emphasised subjective evaluations of various community characteristics. Objective contextual attributes of communities and localities were less often emphasised. Moreover, situations outside the USA and the UK have rarely been investigated. The author focused his research on the effect contextual characteristics of communities have on satisfaction in a Central European country. The analysis shows that while the subjective evaluations of community characteristics are a very good predictor of community satisfaction, their relationship to objective community characteristics is unclear.
Systematics and phylogeny of the Neotropical Pachymenes de Saussure and SantamenesGiordani Soika (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)
Authors: GRANDINETE YURI C. , HERMES MARCEL G. , NOLL FERNANDO B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe genera Pachymenes de Saussure and Santamenes Giordani Soika are revised and the phylogenetic relationships among their species, based on external morphology and male genitalia, are presented. The cladistics analysis, using 22 terminal species (19 ingroup and 3 outgroup species) and 44 characters, produced a single cladogram under implied weighting. Both genera were recovered as paraphyletic, althought two major clades were formed and were well supported by the re‐sampling analysis. We propose the synonymy of Pachymenes with Santamenes, and the description of two new species: P. saussurei Grandinete n.sp. and P. riograndensis Grandinete n.sp.. New combinations are: Pachymenes novarae (de Saussure) n.comb., P. olympicus (Zavattari) n.comb., P. peregrinus (Zavattari) n.comb. and P. santanna (de Saussure) revised combination. We state the synonymy of P. obscurus orellanoides under P. obscurus consuetus, reviewing the status of the latter and raising P. consuetus to species level. Pachymenes orellanae vardyi is synonymized under P. orellanae; P. ghilianii olivaceus, P. ghilianii flavissimus and P. peruanus are proposed as synonyms of P. ghilianii; P. picturatus obscuratus is synonymized under P. laeviventris; P. picturatus nigromaculatus and P. picturatus var. intermedia are synonymized under P. picturatus and P. atra var. ornatissima get its lectotype designated and proposed as synonym of P. ater.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F1625D4F‐B9D0‐426D‐9140‐97E53A531F87.
The effects of oncolytic reovirus in canine lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Hwang C. C. , Umeki S. , Igase M. , Coffey M. , Noguchi S. , Okuda M. , Mizuno T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractReovirus is a potent oncolytic virus in many human neoplasms that has reached phase II and III clinical trials. Our laboratory has previously reported the oncolytic effects of reovirus in canine mast cell tumour (MCT). In order to further explore the potential of reovirus in veterinary oncology, we tested the susceptibility of reovirus in 10 canine lymphoma cell lines. Reovirus‐induced cell death, virus replication and infectivity were confirmed in four cell lines with variable levels of susceptibility. The level of Ras activation varied among the cell lines with no correlation with reovirus susceptibility. Reovirus‐susceptible cell lines underwent apoptosis as proven by propidium iodide (PI) staining, Annexin V‐FITC/PI assay, cleavage of PARP and inhibition of cell death by caspase inhibitor. A single intratumoral injection of reovirus suppressed the growth of canine lymphoma subcutaneous tumour in NOD/SCID mice. Unlike canine MCT, canine lymphoma is less susceptible to reovirus.