bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking introductory physics: an approach for improving student persistence and performance by removing the calculus prerequisite
Authors: Capece A M , Richards A J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In an effort to improve retention and persistence in the physics major, we implemented a curriculum change at our institution in which we enroll in our calculus-based Physics I course the first-year physics majors who placed into the pre-calculus level. Prior to the intervention, 12.5% of non-calculus-ready students were retained within the major. Following the intervention, 50% of these students have either successfully graduated with a physics degree from our institution or are progressing through the major. This intervention can help address demographic disparities in physics education, since female, African American, Hispanic, and multiracial students are overrepresented in the non-calculus-ready group. In this paper we present the outcomes of the intervention, describe the strategies employed to accommodate and support non-calculus-ready students, and offer recommendations for departments seeking to create more inclusive learning environments that lead to better retention.
Predicting time-of-flight with Cerenkov light in BGO: a three-stage network approach with multiple timing kernels prior
Authors: Feng Xuhui , Ran Hengjia , Liu Huafeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. In the quest for enhanced image quality in positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction, the introduction of time-of-flight (TOF) constraints in TOF-PET reconstruction offers superior signal-to-noise ratio. By employing BGO detectors capable of simultaneously emitting prompt Cerenkov light and scintillation light, this approach combines the high time resolution of prompt photons with the high energy resolution of scintillation light, thereby presenting a promising avenue for acquiring more precise TOF information. Approach. In Stage One, we train a raw method capable of predicting TOF information based on coincidence waveform pairs. In Stage Two, the data is categorized into 25 classes based on signal rise time, and the pre-trained raw method is utilized to obtain TOF kernels for each of the 25 classes, thereby generating prior knowledge. Within Stage Three, our proposed deep learning (DL) module, combined with a bias fine-tuning module, utilizes the kernel prior to provide bias compensation values for the data, thereby refining the first-stage outputs and obtaining more accurate TOF predictions. Main results. The three-stage network built upon the LED method resulted in improvements of 11.7 ps and 41.8 ps for full width at half maximum (FWHM) and full width at tenth maximum (FWTM), respectively. Optimal performance was achieved with FWHM of 128.2 ps and FWTM of 286.6 ps when CNN and Transformer were utilized in Stages One and Three, respectively. Further enhancements of 2.3 ps and 3.5 ps for FWHM and FWTM were attained through data augmentation methods. Significance. This study employs neural networks to compensate for the timing delays in mixed (Cerenkov and scintillation photons) signals, combining multiple timing kernels as prior knowledge with DL models. This integration yields optimal predictive performance, offering a superior solution for TOF-PET research utilizing Cerenkov signals.
Noise characterization analysis of dynamic dual-energy CT and its advantage in suppressing statistical noise
Authors: Li Liang , Sun Huahai , Yao Yidi , Chen Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Multi-energy CT conducted by photon-counting detector has a wide range of applications, especially in multiple contrast agents imaging. However, static multi-energy (SME) CT imaging suffers from higher statistical noise because of increased energy bins with static energy thresholds. Our team has proposed a dynamic dual-energy (DDE) CT detector model and the corresponding iterative reconstruction algorithm to solve this problem. However, rigorous and detailed analysis of the statistical noise characterization in this DDE CT was lacked. Approach. Starting from the properties of the Poisson random variable, this paper analyzes the noise characterization of the DDE CT and compares it with the SME CT. It is proved that the multi-energy CT projections and reconstruction images calculated from the proposed DDE CT algorithm have less statistical noise than that of the SME CT. Main results. Simulations and experiments verify that the expectations of the multi-energy CT projections calculated from DDE CT are the same as those of the SME projections. Still, the variance of the former is smaller. We further analyze the convergence of the iterative DDE CT algorithm through simulations and prove that the derived noise characterization can be realized under different CT imaging configurations. Significance. The low statistical noise characteristics demonstrate the value of DDE CT imaging technology.
Turn-table micro-CT scanner for dynamic perfusion imaging in mice: design, implementation, and evaluation
Authors: Allphin A J , Nadkarni R , Clark D P , Gil C J , Tomov M L , Serpooshan V , Badea C T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study introduces a novel desktop micro-CT scanner designed for dynamic perfusion imaging in mice, aimed at enhancing preclinical imaging capabilities with high resolution and low radiation doses. Approach. The micro-CT system features a custom-built rotating table capable of both circular and helical scans, enabled by a small-bore slip ring for continuous rotation. Images were reconstructed with a temporal resolution of 3.125 s and an isotropic voxel size of 65 µm, with potential for higher resolution scanning. The system’s static performance was validated using standard quality assurance phantoms. Dynamic performance was assessed with a custom 3D-bioprinted tissue-mimetic phantom simulating single-compartment vascular flow. Flow measurements ranged from 1.5 1 to 9 ml min−1, with perfusion metrics such as time-to-peak, mean transit time, and blood flow index calculated. In vivo experiments involved mice with different genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s and cardiovascular diseases to showcase the system’s capabilities for perfusion imaging. Main Results. The static performance validation confirmed that the system meets standard quality metrics, such as spatial resolution and uniformity. The dynamic evaluation with the 3D-bioprinted phantom demonstrated linearity in hemodynamic flow measurements and effective quantification of perfusion metrics. In vivo experiments highlighted the system’s potential to capture detailed perfusion maps of the brain, lungs, and kidneys. The observed differences in perfusion characteristics between genotypic mice illustrated the system’s capability to detect physiological variations, though the small sample size precludes definitive conclusions. Significance. The turn-table micro-CT system represents a significant advancement in preclinical imaging, providing high-resolution, low-dose dynamic imaging for a range of biological and medical research applications. Future work will focus on improving temporal resolution, expanding spectral capabilities, and integrating deep learning techniques for enhanced image reconstruction and analysis.
Transformer for low concentration image denoising in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Liu Yuanduo , Zhang Liwen , Wei Zechen , Wang Tan , Yang Xin , Tian Jie , Hui Hui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging tracer-based in vivo imaging technology. The use of MPI at low superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle concentrations has the potential to be a promising area of clinical application due to the inherent safety for humans. However, low tracer concentrations reduce the signal-to-noise ratio of the magnetization signal, leading to severe noise artifacts in the reconstructed MPI images. Hardware improvements have high complexity, while traditional methods lack robustness to different noise levels, making it difficult to improve the quality of low concentration MPI images. Approach. Here, we propose a novel deep learning method for MPI image denoising and quality enhancing based on a sparse lightweight transformer model. The proposed residual-local transformer structure reduces model complexity to avoid overfitting, in which an information retention block facilitates feature extraction capabilities for the image details. Besides, we design a noisy concentration dataset to train our model. Then, we evaluate our method with both simulated and real MPI image data. Main results. Simulation experiment results show that our method can achieve the best performance compared with the existing deep learning methods for MPI image denoising. More importantly, our method is effectively performed on the real MPI image of samples with an Fe concentration down to 67 μgFe ml−1. Significance. Our method provides great potential for obtaining high quality MPI images at low concentrations.
Vertically aligned 2D tin sulfide (SnS) nanoplates for selective detection of ethanol gas at room temperature
Authors: Arora Hemant K , Jain Nikita , Kumar Sunil , Puri Nitin K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Detection of ethanol gas quickly and efficiently at room temperature is crucial for ensuring environmental, human as well as industrial safety. In this work, we have demonstrated a chemiresistive room temperature ethanol gas sensor based on vertically aligned tin sulfide (SnS) nanoplates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis have revealed the formation of orthorhombic, vertically aligned SnS nanoplates with high specific surface area. The sensor has been fabricated by depositing the SnS powder sample on ITO sheets using electrophoretic deposition (EPD), followed by the deposition of silver (Ag) electrodes using the thermal evaporation technique. The sensor obtained has exhibited a response value (R
g/R
a) of 17.4–400 ppm ethanol gas concentration, a quick response, and a recovery time of 12.4 s and 20.2 s at room temperature. The sensor has demonstrated long-term stability of 15 min, impressive selectivity, and remarkable repeatability across three successive test cycles of ethanol gas at 400 ppm. Based on the experimental sensing results, a plausible mechanism has been proposed for the sensor. The sensing response of SnS-based sensor at room temperature expands its potential for innovative applications across industries, marking a significant advancement in sensing technology.
Experimentally validated passive nonlinear capacitor in piezoelectric vibration applications
Authors: Ali Taşkıran M , Bülent Özer M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Piezoelectric vibration isolation and energy harvesting applications have been extensively studied in the literature. The studies include linear and nonlinear approaches. Linear methods are simpler but possess inherent limitations. On the other hand, nonlinear ones could perform better over a broader operating frequency range. Nonlinearity can be introduced in the mechanical domain or electrical domain actively or passively. Since electrical components can be on smaller scales compared to mechanical counterparts, inducing nonlinearity on the mechanical system through the electrical domain can be more practical. Moreover, passive structures require no energy supply and controller therefore they are simpler and more reliable than active ones. In this paper, a novel way to attain passive hardening stiffness was suggested by introducing an electrical component in a shunt circuit for passive nonlinear piezoelectric vibration isolation or energy harvesting applications and the induced structural non-linearity is demonstrated experimentally. A passive nonlinear component is suggested to be a hardening capacitor obtained by the P–N junction. An analytic model is derived for parallel connected macro-fiber composite (MFC) piezoelectric material attached bimorph configuration on a cantilever beam and the model is solved numerically. MFC integrated bimorph model, and P–N junction approximate model are presented. The frequency response of the coupled system is obtained by using numerical models and experiments. Both numerical analysis and experiments validated the hardening stiffness effect of the P–N junction. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first study to demonstrate that nonlinear capacitance of P–N junctions can be used to attain nonlinearity in a mechanical system.
Research on active-passive integrated vibration isolator based on metal rubber and piezoelectric actuator
Authors: Jin Jiaxi , Sun Xuan , Liu Yuechen , Chen Zhaobo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The paper introduces a novel active-passive integrated vibration isolator based on metal rubber and piezoelectric actuator, along with an adaptive active vibration control strategy. The active control strategy employs the adaptive dynamic step filtered-x normalized least mean squares algorithm, allowing the step size to adaptively adjust with the error. The secondary control path of the algorithm is modeled using the enhanced rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii model and the auto-regressive with extra inputs model. The active-passive integrated vibration isolator achieves broadband vibration isolation from 10 to 200 Hz. Compared to passive isolation, the transmissibility decreases from 0.99 to 0.056 at 10 Hz, from 3.02 to 0.068 at the resonance frequency, and from 0.057 to 0.046 at 200 Hz. This study provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for the design of a novel, broadband, and efficient active-passive integrated vibration isolator structure and active control method.
Comparative electrochemical properties of MO (ZrO2, V2O5) based polyaniline nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor applications
Authors: Saleh Ebraheem Abdu Musad , Sadiq Maria , Asif Sana Ullah , Khan Imran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to its distinctive qualities, such as its moderate energy density, extended service life, rapid discharge–charge rates, and superior safety, supercapacitors (SCs) are gaining more and more attention. A zirconium oxide ZrO2 (Zr) and vanadium oxide V2O5 (VO) based PANI nanocomposites, denoted as (ZrP for ZrO2/PANI, and VOP for V2O5/PANI) are fabricated using hydrothermal technique in this research work. Morphological and phase investigations validated the random particle shapes with good crystallinity and purity of the samples. The N2 sorption/desorption isotherm reveals a mesoporous feature of the electrodes and the highest BET surface area (36.5 m2/g) with large electroactive sites, which offers abundant faradaic reactions for charge storage. The I-V characteristics confirm their excellent conduction capabilities as well. When utilized as electrodes for SCs in the three-electrode setup, the VOP composite electrode attains the highest capacitance of 1372 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 compared with other active electrodes. Besides that, the VOP electrodes offer superior cyclic stability, with a retention rate of 94.28% even after 7000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles. It has been discovered that the in two electrode VOP asymmetric device exhibited remarkable specific capacitance of 651.36 Fg−1 at 5 mV s−1 demonstrating a significant capacitance retention of 87.6% over 6000 cycles. The results suggest that the material could be a good contender for electrode materials in supercapacitors.
Quad-band dual-port MIMO microstrip antenna with double integrated circularly polarized bands for 4G/5G wireless applications
Authors: Sharma Usha , Srivastava Garima , Khandelwal Mukesh Kumar , Chaurasia Praveen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A quad-band two-port MIMO antenna is presented with four operating bands at 2.4, 3.5, 5.8, and 8.2 GHz to serve WLAN, 4G LTE, 5G & ITU applications, respectively. The wide impedance bandwidth of 13.33% (2.28–2.60 GHz), 21.62% (2.98–3.74 GHz), 8.9% (5.58–6.10 GHz) and 4.8% (8.00–8.44 GHz) is achieved at respective operating bands. The antenna also provides circular polarization at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz. It is fabricated on FR4 substrate of 50 × 76 × 1.6 mm3 dimensions. The isolation between both ports is below 28 dB within all four operating bands. The radiation efficiency is about 90% in the first two bands whereas it is about 75% in the remaining two bands. The presented MIMO antenna shows better radiation characteristics along with satisfactory diversity performance. Experimental results of the fabricated prototype validate the simulated results.
Characterization of ferromagnetic semiconductors and valley polarization in janus VBXS2(X = N, P) monolayers
Authors: Long Mei , Miao Feng , Xu Min , Feng Shi-quan , Yang Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The manipulation of the valley degree of freedom has attracted increasing attention in both fundamental scientific research and emerging applications. Here, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of Janus monolayers of VBXS2 (X=N, P). These materials exhibit characteristics of ferromagnetic semiconductors, with their valence band maximum located at the K/K′ point. Due to the combined effects of inversion symmetry breaking and time reversal symmetry breaking, VBNS2 and VBPS2 exhibit exotic spontaneous valley polarization in their top valence bands, measured at magnitudes of 48.6 meV and 47.6 meV, respectively. Consequently, this phenomenon potentially enables the observation of the anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE). The unique electronic and valleytronic properties exhibited by Janus VBXS2 suggest a feasible experimental avenue for exploring ferrovalley (FV) and valley-related Hall effects within a two dimensional lattice.
Terahertz wide-band wide-angle absorber and polarization converter based on VO2 metamaterial
Authors: Li Xin , Zhou Yaxin , Nie Sihan , Sun Pengfei , Su Lijing , Gao Yang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, a Terahertz wide-band wide-angle absorber and polarization converter based on VO2 metamaterial is proposed. The device is simulated by using full-wave electromagnetic computing software CST. The device functions as a wide-band absorber while VO2 is in the metallic mode. In the 1.82 THz to 4.27 THz band, the absorption efficiency exceeds 90% and the relative bandwidth reaches 81.4%. The absorption mechanism is analyzed bying equivalent circuit theory. Additionally, the absorber can work at large polarization angle and incident angle. While VO2 is in the insulated mode, the design can convert the incident y-polarized terahertz wave into the x-polarized state and realize the transformation of linear polarization. Polarization conversion efficiency (PCR) exceeds 90% in the band of 1.57 THz to 3.82 THz, with a relative bandwidth of 83.5%. The device also supports large incidence angle tolerances. These results show that the disigned metamaterial device has potential applications in absorption, polarization conversion and imaging.
Halide perovskite and few-layer silicon-based surface plasmon resonance sensor for the detection of chemical and biochemical sensing
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Trabelsi Youssef , Garia Lalit , Kakar Varun Kumar , Pal Amrindra 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the combined effect of perovskite/silicon (Si) material on the performance of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using the Kretschmann structure. The proposed sensor incorporates the BAF10/Cu/perovskite materials/Si/sensing medium (SM) layers. This paper incorporates the optimized parameters into the proposed sensor by comparing the results without perovskite material and existing work. The proposed modified Kretschmann structure consists of perovskite material such as CsPbI3, FASnI3, KSnI3, and CsSnI3, with few Si layers. All the performance parameters are calculated at 633 nm wavelength. The sensitivity (S), full width at half maximum (FWHM), detection accuracy (DA), and figure of merit (FoM) of 348.75°/RIU, 3.22°, 0.31/° and 108.11/RIU using perovskite material of KSnI3, are measured, respectively by the proposed sensor. The perovskite material of KSnI3 shows the best performance parameter among CsPbF3, FASnF3, and CSSnF3. These results should greatly impact the biosensing application, especially for chemical and biochemical.
Temporal wave dynamics, phase portrait and qualitative analysis of the time-dependent (2+1)-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation
Authors: Kawser M Abul , Gepreel Khaled A , Akbar M Ali , Khan M Ashrafuzzaman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article, we analyze the effect of time-dependent coefficients and the complex wave dynamics of the (2+1)-dimensional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. This equation provides a detailed, insightful, and realistic description of space physics, plasma physics, controlled fusion, and nonlinear sciences. The wave solutions are established using the generalized Kudryashov, modified simple equation, and modified sine-Gordon expansion techniques and are illustrated by graphical depictions, which provide valuable insight into understanding the complex dynamics of waves across different physical systems. Exact solitary wave solutions offer a dependable approach to investigating the behavior of a system under particular conditions and facilitating a comprehensive understanding of its dynamics. We also conduct a stability analysis and present the phase portrait of the solutions, which are useful in various fields, including physics, plasma physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and sociology. We ascertain that the profiles of 3D and 2D soliton-shaped waves are significantly affected by dynamic changes in coefficients, wave velocity, and associated model parameters. This research could help clarify the dynamics of intricate systems, paving to a better understanding and analysis of the temporal aspects of various phenomena.
The clustering of Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies at 𝗓=2–3
Authors: White Martin , Raichoor A. , Dey Arjun , Garrison Lehman H. , Gawiser Eric , Lang D. , Lee Kyoung-soo , Myers A.D. , Schlegel D. , Valdes F. , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Chaussidon E. , Claybaugh T. , Dawson K. , de la Macorra A. , Dey Biprateep , Doel P. , Fanning K. , Font-Ribera A. , Forero-Romero J.E. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Gutierrez G. , Guy J. , Honscheid K. , Kirkby D. , Kremin A. , Landriau M. , Le Guillou L. , Levi M.E. , Magneville C. , Manera M. , Martini P. , Meisner A. , Miquel R. , Moon B. , Newman J.A. , Niz G. , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Park C. , Percival W.J. , Prada F. , Rossi G. , Ruhlmann-Kleider V. , Sanchez E. , Schlafly E.F. , Schubnell M. , Seo H. , Sprayberry D. , Tarlé G. , Weaver B.A. , Yang Y. , Yèche C. , Zou H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe measure the clustering of Lyman Alpha Emitting galaxies (LAEs) selected from the One-hundred-square-degree DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) survey, with spectroscopic follow-up from Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI). We use DESI spectroscopy to optimize our selection and to constrain the interloper fraction and redshift distribution of our narrow-band selected sources. We select samples of 4000 LAEs atz= 2.45 and 3.1 in 9 sq.deg. centered on the COSMOS field with median Lyα fluxes of ≈ 10-16erg s-1cm-2. Covariances and cosmological inferences are obtained from a series of mock catalogs built upon high-resolution N-body simulations that match the footprint, number density, redshift distribution and observed clustering of the sample. We find that both samples have a correlation length ofr0= 3.0 ± 0.2 h-1Mpc. Within our fiducial cosmology these correspond to 3D number densities of ≈ 10-3h3Mpc-3and, from our mock catalogs, biases of 1.7 and 2.0 atz= 2.45 and 3.1, respectively. We discuss the implications of these measurements for the use of LAEs as large-scale structure tracers for high-redshift cosmology.