bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement, survival, and home range size of translocated american martens (Martes americana) in Wisconsin
Authors: Woodford James E. , MacFarland David M. , Worland Mike 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe translocated and released a total of 90 (55 F and 35 M) wild American martens (Martes americana) from Minnesota to northern Wisconsin, USA, during 2008–2010. Our objective was to evaluate the short‐term results of this translocation project by comparing marten dispersal, time to residency, and survival by release method, sex, and age categories. On average, translocated martens took 18 days (range = 1–64 days) and traveled 4.6 km (range = 0.4–45.7 km) from release sites before establishing residency. Although survival probabilities for adults and males were 0.84 and 0.79 and juveniles and females were 0.66 and 0.71, respectively, they were not statistically different. Translocated adult and juvenile survival was similar to resident adult and juvenile survival reported in Wisconsin and elsewhere. Predation (primarily by other carnivores) was the main cause (85%) of observed mortality for translocated animals, but it did not appear to be a major limiting factor for adults or juveniles. Contrary to some studies, we found no significant difference between release methods for any analyzed parameter, but we observed increased injuries to slow‐released individuals. We concluded there was no benefit resulting from slow‐release or an acclimation period for translocation of American martens and that long‐term monitoring of the population is needed to evaluate species recovery in Wisconsin. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Verifying traits: an incremental proof system for fine-grained reuse
Authors: Damiani Ferruccio , Dovland Johan , Johnsen Einar Broch , Schaefer Ina 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Traits have been proposed as a more flexible mechanism than class inheritance for structuring code in object-oriented programming, to achieve fine-grained code reuse. A trait originally developed for one purpose can be adapted and reused in a completely different context. Formalizations of traits have been extensively studied, and implementations of traits have started to appear in programming languages. So far, work on formally establishing properties of trait-based programs has mostly concentrated on type systems. This paper presents the first deductive proof system for a trait-based object-oriented language. If a specification of a trait can be given a priori, covering all actual usage of that trait, our proof system is modular as each trait is analyzed only once. However, imposing such a restriction may in many cases unnecessarily limit traits as a mechanism for flexible code reuse. In order to reflect the flexible reuse potential of traits, our proof system additionally allows new specifications to be added to a trait in an
incremental
way which does not violate established proofs. We formalize and show the soundness of the proof system.
Birth‐year and current‐year influences on survival and recruitment rates of female Weddell seals
Authors: Stauffer Glenn E. , Rotella Jay J. , Garrott Robert A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn long‐lived species, juvenile survival typically is lower and more variable than adult survival, and modeling such variation is important for understanding population dynamics. Variability in juvenile survival can be related to birth‐ or current‐year influences, and the birth‐year influences can be transient, persistent, or intermediate in duration. We used multi‐state models and data collected from 5,459 known‐aged prebreeder female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii Lesson) tagged in Erebus Bay, Antarctica from 1980–2007 to evaluate the duration of potential birth‐year influences on survival rates and the importance of birth‐ and current‐year influences on survival and recruitment rates. Survival rates differed for each birth cohort and were positively related to current‐year winter sea‐ice conditions. The estimated duration of birth‐cohort effects on survival was intermediate (6 years) rather than transient (2 years) or permanent. Estimated survivorship from birth to 6 years of age varied among cohorts from 0.13 (SE = 0.04) to 0.42 (SE = 0.06), and averaged 0.25 (SE = 0.02). Recruitment rates (probability of transitioning from prebreeder to breeder state) varied annually but apparently were not related to birth‐year conditions. Our results provide evidence that birth‐ and current‐year conditions act in combination to influence survival. Although for many long‐lived species the influences of either birth‐ or current‐year conditions on survival are well‐studied, we suggest that modeling survival rates as a function of birth‐ and current‐year influences simultaneously could lead to better understanding of survival and improved stochastic models to project population dynamics.
Exploring Culture‐Specific Differences in Beliefs about Causes, Kinship and the Heritability of Major Depressive Disorder: The Views of Anglo‐Celtic and Chinese‐Australians
Authors: Xu Mimi , Zou Lilian , Wilde Alex , Meiser Bettina , Barlow‐Stewart Kristine , Chan Bibiana , Mitchell Philip B. , Sousa Mariana S. , Schofield Peter R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore cultural differences in causal attributions and beliefs about heritability of major depressive disorder (MDD). Face‐to‐face interviews with Anglo‐Celtic‐ and Chinese‐Australians community members with a family history of MDD were conducted and subjected to a rigorous qualitative analysis, using the computer software NVivo. Sixteen Anglo‐Celtic‐Australians and 16 Chinese‐Australians were interviewed. Both groups believed that a combination of genetic and environmental factors contributed to MDD, that stress was an important cause of MDD, and that coping factors were significant moderators of the impact of stress on MDD. Both cultural groups believed that the causes of MDD affecting multiple family members included a shared family environment and a “contagion effect”, in addition to genetics. Unique to the Chinese‐Australian group was the beliefs that parental pressures to exceed academically contributed to MDD; this cultural group also reported beliefs that depression was due to God's will or alternatively fate, which in turn was related to attributions to feng shui and auspicious dates. This study documented key culture‐specific differences in beliefs about causes and inheritance of MDD; such differences have major implications for clinician‐patient communication about genetic risk associated with having a family history of MDD.
Does a Duty of Disclosure Foster Special Treatment of Genetic Research Participants?
Authors: Hayeems Robin Z. , Miller Fiona A. , Bytautas Jessica P. , Li Li 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe principle that research participants not receive enhanced care compared to non‐participants may be challenged by a duty to disclose genetic research results, especially where care is otherwise inaccessible. Autism researchers’ attitudes toward providing enhanced care to study participants were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and multivariate analyses of survey data and qualitatively through thematic analysis of interview data. Approximately half of survey respondents (n = 168, RR = 44 %) agreed they should provide additional knowledge (52 %) or services (48 %) to study participants that may not be available to non‐participants. Qualitatively (n = 23), respondents were motivated by the notion of reciprocity but highlighted tensions when research enables access to expertise and therapeutic resources that are otherwise difficult to obtain. For researchers, feeling obliged to report research results may be in conflict with the obligation to avoid special treatment of research participants; this may in turn threaten principles of voluntariness, autonomy, and justice.
Criminalization at Tyendinaga: Securing Canada’s Colonial Property Regime through Specific Land Claims
Authors: Pasternak Shiri , Collis Sue , Dafnos Tia 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Drawing on unpublished material on the history of the Culbertson Tract, records obtained through access to information requests, and firsthand knowledge from the community, we trace Mohawk legal and extralegal strategies aimed at reclaiming the Tract to show how Canada legitimizes and manages the continued dispossession of land from the Mohawks of Tyendinaga. Through the criminalization of community members opposing settlement terms under the land claims policy, we conclude that the policy of extinguishment contained in the land claims policy is furthered by policing resistance with the use of security forces on the ground.
Tandem antioxidant enzymes confer synergistic protective responses in experimental filariasis
Authors: Prince P.R. , Madhumathi J. , Anugraha G. , Jeyaprita P.J. , Reddy M.V.R. , Kaliraj P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractHelminth parasites use antioxidant defence strategies for survival during oxidative stress due to free radicals in the host. Accordingly, tissue-dwelling filarial parasites counteract host responses by releasing a number of antioxidants. Targeting these redox regulation proteins together, would facilitate effective parasite clearance. Here, we report the combined effect of protective immune responses trigged by recombinant Wuchereria bancrofti thioredoxin (WbTRX) and thioredoxin peroxidase (WbTPX) in an experimental filarial model. The expression of WbTRX and WbTPX in different stages of the parasite and their cross-reactivity were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunogenicity of recombinant proteins and their protective efficacy were studied in animal models when immunized in single or cocktail mode. The antigens showed cross-reactive epitopes and induced high humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. Further, parasite challenge against Brugia malayi L3 larvae in Mastomyscoucha conferred significant protection of 57% and 62% against WbTRX and WbTPX respectively. The efficacy of L3 clearance was significantly higher (71%) (P < 0.001) when the antigens were immunized together, showing a synergistic effect in multiple-mode vaccination. Hence, the study suggests WbTRX and WbTPX to be attractive vaccine candidates when immunized together and provides a tandem block for parasite elimination in the control of lymphatic filariasis.
Alfvén waves in shear flows: Driven wave formalism
Authors: KAGHASHVILI EDISHER KH. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe driven wave formalism, as it was later applied to the solar coronal plasma processes, was first developed in our earlier work (Kaghashvili, E. Kh. 2007 Alfvén wave-driven compressional fluctuations in shear flows. Phys. Plasmas14, 44502) that presented the analytical solutions for the plasma density fluctuations. In the driven-wave formalism, we look for the short-term changes in the initial waveform due to the linear interaction of the initial natural mode of the system and the flow inhomogeneity. This formalism allows us to obtain the analytical solutions for the driven waves that are excited in the system. While a full set of driven wave solutions for magnetohydrodynamic variables in the cold plasma case were presented earlier (Kaghashvili, E. 2012c Driven wave-generated electric field in the solar corona. J. Geophys. Res. 117, A10103, doi:10.1029/2012JA018120), the purpose of this paper is to remove the cold-plasma restriction and to present the formal solutions for the initial linearly polarized Alfvén wave-driven fluctuations.
Exploring Ritual Deposits in a Well at Rothwell Haigh, Leeds
Authors: Cool H.E.M , Richardson J.E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring the summer of 1977, rescue excavations of a square, ditched enclosure were undertaken at Rothwell Haigh Colliery, Leeds. Relatively few discrete features were identified, but a 12.3 m-deep well situated within the enclosure was fully excavated. Pottery from the well, which was waterlogged fromc. 7 m, indicates rapid infilling most likely in the early to mid-fourth century. Waterlogged wooden objects include a yew bucket, ash spade with iron shoe and ash drinking vessels, while the disposal of complete pottery vessels, a quern disc rough-out, articulated animal parts and a human skull highlight the potential for symbolic deposition. An exploration of the apparently more mundane items shows that they deviate from the normal domestic patterns seen on local sites, suggesting that selection for ritual deposition may have covered areas of material culture not normally associated with such activity.
The Amuletic Design of the Mithraic Bull-Wounding Scene
Authors: Faraone Christopher A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent research reveals that in the so-called Mithraic tauroctony, the god is, in fact, wounding a bull, not killing it. I argue that the scene combines the overall design of evil-eye amulets with the pose of the goddess Nike performing a militarysphagionand I suggest that the scene must have been understood by its creator and by some viewers, at least, to offer protective power in this world, as well as salvific assurance about the next, a dual focus that seems to have been especially strong in Mithraism.
Morphological awareness and vocabulary acquisition: A longitudinal examination of their relationship in English-speaking children
Authors: SPARKS ERIN , DEACON S. HÉLÈNE 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough a relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary has been widely observed, questions remain about the direction of that relationship. This longitudinal study explores the temporal relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary among monolingual English-speaking children. Participants were 100 children tested in Grades 2 and 3. We evaluated morphological awareness and vocabulary in both grades, along with phonological awareness, word reading, pseudoword reading, and nonverbal reasoning. Cross-lagged regression analyses with autoregressive controls assessed the temporal relationship between morphological awareness and vocabulary; morphological awareness at Grade 2 predicted change in vocabulary between Grades 2 and 3, but vocabulary did not predict change in morphological awareness. The results add to our understanding of the relationship between these two developing skills.
Visual processing of derivational morphology in children with developmental dyslexia: Insights from masked priming
Authors: QUÉMART PAULINE , CASALIS SÉVERINE 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated whether children with dyslexia rely on derivational morphology during visual word recognition and how the semantic and form properties of morphemes influence this processing. We conducted two masked priming experiments, in which we manipulated the semantic overlap (Experiment 1) and the form overlap (Experiment 2) between morphologically related pairs of words. In each experiment, French dyslexic readers as well as reading-level matched and chronological-age matched children performed a lexical decision task. Significant priming effects were observed in all groups, indicating that their lexicon is organized around morpheme units. Furthermore, the dyslexics’ processing of written morphology is mainly influenced by the semantic properties of morphemes, whereas children from the two control groups are mainly influenced by their form properties.
Feeling in control: comparing older people's experiences in different care settings
Authors: CALLAGHAN LISA , TOWERS ANN-MARIE 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe promotion of choice and control for older people is a policy priority for social care services in the United Kingdom and is at the heart of recent drives to personalise services. Increasingly, we are seeing a move away from institutionalised care (e.g. in care homes) towards enablement, with more services being delivered in community-based settings. Extra care housing has been promoted as a purpose-built, community-based alternative to residential care for older people. However, whilst accounts of users' experiences in particular service types are plentiful, the use of different instrumentation and measures makes comparison between settings difficult. We combined data from four studies where participants were older people either living in care homes or extra care housing or receiving care at home. All of these studies asked participants to rate their control over daily life, using the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT). This paper presents the results of an ordinal logistic regression analysis indicating that, after controlling for differences in age, ability to perform activities of daily living and self-rated health, setting had a significant effect on older people's sense of control. Residents in care homes and extra care housing report similar levels of control over daily life but consistently report feeling more in control than older people receiving care at home. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Imperfect sound forever: loudness wars, listening formations and the history of sound reproduction
Authors: Devine Kyle 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide some historical perspective on the so-called loudness war. Critics of the loudness war maintain that the average volume level of popular music recordings has increased dramatically since the proliferation of digital technology in the 1980s, and that this increase has had detrimental effects on sound quality and the listening experience. My point is not to weigh in on this debate, but to suggest that the issue of loudness in sound recording and playback can be traced back much earlier than the 1980s. In fact, loudness has been a source of pleasure, a target of criticism, and an engine of technological change since the very earliest days of commercial sound reproduction. Looking at the period between the turn-of-the-century format feud and the arrival of electrical amplification in the 1920s, I situate the loudness war within a longer historical trajectory, and demonstrate a variety of ways in which loudness and volume have been controversial issues in – and constitutive elements of – the history of sound reproduction. I suggest that the loudness war can be understood in relation to a broader cultural history of volume.
Locating the canon in Tamworth: historical narratives, cultural memory and Australia's ‘Country Music Capital’
Authors: Baker Sarah , Huber Alison 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article concerns the regional city of Tamworth, New South Wales, Australia, a place that prides itself on its reputation as Australia's home of country music. We consider the ongoing memorialisation of country music in Tamworth, and how the processes associated with the project of articulating country music's past work to create and maintain something that can be recognised (and experienced) as a dominant narrative or an Australian country music ‘canon’. Outlining a number of instances in which the canon is produced and experienced (including in performances, rolls of honour and monuments built around the city), the article explores the ways in which this narrativisation of Australia's country music history contributes to a certain kind of memory of the genre's past.
Black beats with a Punjabi twist
Authors: Roy Anjali Gera 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe bonding between black and brown immigrants in Britain has resulted in the emergence of a new musical genre called Bhangra, which hybridises Punjabi dhol rhythms with those of reggae, rap and hip hop. Bhangra's appropriation of Black sounds that are considered ‘Kool’ in the West has not only given Asian youth a new, distinctive voice in the form of ‘Asian dance music’ but has also led to the reinvention of Punjabi folk tradition in consonance with the lived realities of multicultural Britain. This essay examines various aspects of sonic hybridisation in ‘the diaspora space’ by British Asian music producers through tracing the history of Bhangra's ‘douglarisation’, beginning in the 1990s with Apache Indian's experiments with reggae. It covers all forms of mixings that came in between, including active collaborations, rappings, remixings, samplings and so on that made Punjabi and Jamaican patois dialogue in the global popular cultural space. The essay explores the possibilities of a ‘douglas poetics’ for Bhangra by juxtaposing the celebration of sonic douglarisation in postmodern narratives of migrancy and hybridity against the stigmatisation of biological douglarisation in miscegenation theories and ancient Indian pollution taboos.
Modeling cell-in-cell structure into its biological significance
Authors: He M-f , Wang S , Wang Y , Wang X-n 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough cell-in-cell structure was noted 100 years ago, the molecular mechanisms of ‘entering’ and the destination of cell-in-cell remain largely unclear. It takes place among the same type of cells (homotypic cell-in-cell) or different types of cells (heterotypic cell-in-cell). Cell-in-cell formation affects both effector cells and their host cells in multiple aspects, while cell-in-cell death is under more intensive investigation. Given that cell-in-cell has an important role in maintaining homeostasis, aberrant cell-in-cell process contributes to the etiopathology in humans. Indeed, cell-in-cell is observed in many pathological processes of human diseases. In this review, we intend to discuss the biological models of cell-in-cell structures under physiological and pathological status.
A design-constraint trade-off underpins the diversity in ecologically important traits in species Escherichia coli
Authors: Phan Katherine , Ferenci Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Bacterial species are internally diverse in genomic and multi-locus gene comparisons. The ecological causes of phenotypic and genotypic diversity within species are far less well understood. Here, we focus on the competitive fitness for growth on nutrients within Escherichia coli, an internally rich species. Competition experiments in nutrient-limited chemostats revealed that members of the ECOR collection exhibited a wide continuum of competitive abilities, with some fitter and some less fit than the lab strain MG1655. We observed an inverse relationship between competitiveness and the resistance of strains to detergent and antibiotic, consistent with the notion that membrane permeability and competitive fitness are linked by a trade-off between self-preservation and nutritional competence (SPANC); high permeability has a postulated cost in antibacterial sensitivity whereas a low permeability has a cost in nutrient affinity. Isolates moved along the markedly nonlinear trade-off curve by mutational adaptation; an ECOR strain sensitive to antibacterials and a good competitor was easily converted by mutation into a mutant with higher resistance but poorer competition in the presence of low antibiotic concentrations. Conversely, a resistant ECOR strain changed into a better competitor after a short period of selection under nutrient limitation. In both directions, mutations can affect porin proteins and outer membrane permeability, as indicated by protein analysis, gene sequencing and an independent assay of outer membrane permeability. The extensive, species-wide diversity of E. coli in ecologically important traits can thus be explained as an evolutionary consequence of a SPANC trade-off driven by antagonistic pleiotropy.