bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hermann Fränkel e la teoria del tertium comparationis nelle similitudini omeriche
Authors: Cadoni Nicola 
Published: April 2013

La teoria del tertium comparationis, assai fortunate nell'Ottocento e agli inizi dei Novecento, trovô in Hermann Frànkel il più strenuo e appas- sionato oppositore. Egli, nel suo fondamentale trattato Die homerischen Gleichnisse (Gôttingen 1921), rifiuta categoricamente l'idea che le simili- tudine omeriche possano legarsi al contexto di riferimento in un solo punto, di solito individuabile con facilita, mentre tutti gli altri particolari del "dipinto" omerico non sarebbero che ornamento poetico irrilevante ai fini del racconto. Anzi, Frânkel dimostra, con un'analisi approfondita e puntuale, come le similitudini di Iliade e Odissea non solo abbiano molteplici e variamente sfumate connessioni con l'azione dei poemi, ma esse stesse contribuiscano talora a farla evolvere, generando nel contempo una evocativa e potente "Stimmung".
Si cerca qui di evidenziare come le argomentazioni di chi, dopo Frânkel, ha tentato di restituire vigore alia teoria dei "punto di paragone" (G. Jachmann e, di récente, H. Erbse) siano riduttive e inefficaci.
Le rôle de l'eubéen et celui de l'Eubée dans l'épopée homérique
Authors: Wathelet Paul 
Published: April 2013

Euboean's and Eubea's action in the Homeric Epics
Some features of the Homeric language have been explained as due to Attic influence. Some of them may be only a "varnish", covering other features belonging to other epic dialects, but, for metrical reasons, some other features cannot have replaced elements belonging to other epic dialects. An examination of these features shows that most of them can be explained through the influence of Euboean, West Ionic, more probably than through that one of Attic dialect. Other features suspected to be attic could really been explained through other dialects which have influenced the epic language, as for example, East Aeolic. This opinion is confirmed by what we know of Greece in Homer's time, when Euboea was much more important than Attica, which seems to emerge only in the time of Peisistratos.
Achille d'Homère à Eschyle. Transposition d'un héros épique sur la scène tragique
Authors: Deschamps Hélène 
Published: April 2013

Achilles from Homer to Aeschylus: transposition of an homeric hero on the tragic stage
Even if Sophocles, in Antiquity, was known as the most Homeric of the Tragics, Aeschylus was not outdone "who said that his tragedies were slices of Homers great feasts". Indeed, he wrote a whole trilogy -the Myrmidons, the Nereids, and the Phrygians or Hector's Ransom- about the greatest hero of the Trojan war -Achilles- taking on the very plot of the Iliad. This article inquires into the similarities and the differences between the trilogy and the Homeric intertext, by scanning the character of Achilles, especially considering his relationship with the army. It also analyses how and why the epic hero can be adapted to the tragic stage. The first part deals with Achilles inactivity and silence. It compares this double position with that of the Homeric hero in the embassy scene, with the Homeric silences and the other Aeschylean silences, in order to demonstrate that Aeschylus emphasizes Achilles'1 wrath to deconstruct the Homeric hero and to question the heroism of the epic. Indeed, he establishes Achilles as the opposite of both the warrior and the orator. Given this context, a reborn Achilles can only arise as wholly tragic. The second part shows how the criticism of the hero by the army is even more resentful than the scattered reproaches made in the Iliad. In the tragedy, the blame is collective and increases until it becomes a stoning threat, which is no longer a mere Homeric image but a very justice-making ritual. So much that, from the Iliad to the Myrmidons, the emphasis shifts from τιμή to δίκη. The epic hero has to be degraded and threatened this way to regenerate in tragic drama; the epic heroism has to be kept at a distance so that it can eventually be renewed on the tragic stage through a dramatization, intensified feelings and increased tension.
Πηνελόπεια ρήτωρ ? Sur une apostrophe de Pénélope aux prétendants (Odyssée, IV, 680-695)
Authors: Dubel Sandrine 
Published: April 2013

Penelopes apostrophe to the suitors (Odyssey, IV, 680-695)
Ps.-Longinus (On the Sublime, 21, 4) noted Penelopes use of a rhetorical figure, apostrophe —a speaker suddenly addressing a third party. This happens in the last part of the Telemachy, when the herald Medon comes to the queen to inform her of her son's departure and the suitors' plot. In mid-speech Penelope suddenly addresses the young men in absentia, changing from third person verbs to second person forms. Using this figure of speech, the suitors she is talking about become those she is talking to. We study the way this figure works in the speech, and how it fits in the peculiar construction of the last part of Od. IV and in the series of Penelopes five appearances in the Odyssey.
Études critiques sur le traité Isis et Osiris de Plutarque
Authors: Froidefond Christian 
Published: April 2013

1. L'étude, sur les originaux, des Parisini Gr. 1671 et 1672 confirme, à quelques exceptions près, l'acribie de la recension de J. G. Griffiths, éditeur du De Iside de Plutarque. Les Laurentiani 80, 5, 80, 21 et 80, 22 fournissent quelques bonnes leçons, posent à propos de l'histoire du texte quelques problèmes dont on peut espérer avoir un jour la solution, mais sont dans l'ensemble assez médiocres. La parenté du Laur. 80, 21 avec une tradition non-planudéenne par l'intermédiaire de la deuxième main du Vatic. 1013 est confirmée. — 2. De Iside 352B et 282E : ύποδηλόω signifie dans les deux cas « énoncer une formule allégorique » ; 362B : lire χάροπος μὲν τοῦ Ἡρακλέους γενέσθαι θυγάτηρ Ἶσις, αἰακτοῦ δὲ... ; ; 382ΑΒ : lire ἔτι μᾶλλον οἴομαι... κατὰ το ἧθος ἀγαπητέον... ὡς ὄργανον ἤ
« τέχνην ἀεί τοῦ πάντα κοσμοῦντος θεοῦ
καλῶς » νομίζειν ἀξιοῦν τε...
Julius Nyerere à Zanzibar
Authors: Fouéré Marie-Aude 
Published: April 2013

Un récit collectif dépréciatif sur le premier président de Tanzanie, Julius Nyerere, se diffuse aujourd’hui dans les îles de Zanzibar. Au regard de la trajectoire mémorielle de Julius Nyerere en Tanzanie continentale, caractérisée par une constante surenchère de déférence, Zanzibar fait figure d’exception. L’article présente les termes de ce récit péjoratif sur Nyerere en rapport à deux épisodes centraux dans l’histoire des îles : la révolution de 1964, mythe de la nation zanzibarie libre et souveraine, et l’Union avec le Tanganyika. Il montre aussi comment ce récit dépréciatif entre en résonance avec la question musulmane qui, à Zanzibar, est consubstantielle à un positionnement identitaire collectif. L’article conclut que, dans une société sans père de la nation ni récit national unifié, Julius Nyerere constitue un récit de la nation en négatif.
La fin de l'histoire du temps présent telle que nous l'avons connue
Authors: Droit Emmanuel , Reichherzer Franz 
Published: April 2013

Cet article, écrit dans une perspective d’histoire comparée et croisée franco-allemande, entend faire dialoguer deux traditions historiographiques nationales qui jusque-là se méconnaissaient. L’objectif premier de cet exercice est de dresser le bilan de l’émergence, de l’enracinement et de la banalisation de l’histoire du temps présent (Zeitgeschichte) de part et d’autre du Rhin. Sur la base d’un droit d’inventaire de l’héritage intellectuel laissé par les premières générations scientifiques de cette sous-discipline historique, nous plaidons aujourd’hui en faveur d’une dissolution de l’histoire du temps présent comme champ historiographique singulier. Plus de vingt ans après la césure de 1989, nous pensons que le temps est mûr pour aborder sereinement la question de son retour plein et entier dans le giron de l’histoire.). L’abandon de la singularité de l’histoire du temps présent doit permettre de reconfigurer l’histoire comme une science sociale du « passé-présent ».
Policiers de bonne volonté ?
Authors: Houte Arnaud-Dominique 
Published: April 2013

La garde civile est une institution éphémère qui n’a vécu que d’août à octobre 1914, mais qui fait l’objet de discussions entre 1913 et 1920. Dans son principe, il s’agit d’une milice composée de « citoyens de bonne volonté » qui se charge de maintenir l’ordre pendant la période de mobilisation, quand les besoins de surveillance s’accroissent et que l’effectif des forces de police se réduit. En dépit de quelques réussites locales, l’essai se solde par un bilan négatif qui scelle l’échec du modèle de garde civique et qui permet de mesurer le professionnalisme que les Français attendent de leur police au début du 20 e siècle.
Neuroblastoma-Derived TGF-β1 Modulates the Chemokine Receptor Repertoire of Human Resting NK Cells
Authors: Castriconi Roberta , Dondero Alessandra , Bellora Francesca , Moretta Lorenzo , Castellano Aurora , Locatelli Franco , Corrias Maria Valeria , Moretta Alessandro , Bottino Cristina 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this study, we show that neuroblastoma (NB) cell conditioning affects the chemokine receptor repertoire of human resting NK cells. In particular, NB cells upregulated the expression of CXCR4 and CXCR3 in all NK cells and downregulated CX3CR1 in the CD56dim subset. On the contrary, the expression of CXCR1 and CCR7 remained unaltered. The phenomenon was dependent on the release by NB cells of TGF-β1, and rTGF-β1 induced a chemokine receptor repertoire identical to that of NB-conditioned NK cells. The immune modulatory role of TGF-β1 appears to be dose dependent because low amounts of the cytokine were sufficient to modulate CXCR4 and CX3CR1 expression, intermediate amounts modified that of CXCR3, and high amounts were necessary to downregulate the expression of the NKp30 activating receptor. Notably, a similar receptor modulation was observed in rTGF-β2–conditioned NK cells. Finally, the analysis of NK cells from patients with stage 4 NB suggests that NB conditioning could exert in vivo an immune modulatory effect resembling that emerged from in vitro experiments. Altogether our data propose a novel tumor escape-mechanism based on the modulation of chemokine receptors that play pivotal roles in NK cells bone marrow homing, egress, or recruitment into peripheral tissues.
Neutrophils Confer T Cell Resistance to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell–Mediated Suppression To Promote Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Ryan Sean O. , Johnson Jenny L. , Cobb Brian A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation can persist in aging humans unnoticed for years or even decades, inflicting continuous damage that can culminate later in life as organ dysfunction, physical frailty, and some of the most prominent debilitating and deadly age-associated diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Despite the near universal acceptance of these associations, the mechanisms underlying unresolved inflammation remain poorly understood. In this study, we describe a novel inducible method to examine systemic chronic inflammation using susceptible animal models. Induced inflammation results in unresolved innate cellular responses and persistence of the same serum proinflammatory molecules used as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for chronic inflammation in humans. Surprisingly, we found long-term persistence of an inflammation-associated neutrophil cell population constitutively producing the proinflammatory IFN-γ cytokine, which until now has only been detected transiently in acute inflammatory responses. Interestingly, these cells appear to confer T cell resistance to the otherwise potent anti-inflammatory function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, revealing a novel mechanism for the maintenance of chronic inflammatory responses over time. This discovery represents an attractive target to resolve inflammation and prevent the inflammation-induced pathologies that are of critical concern for the well-being of the aging population.
GARP–TGF-β Complexes Negatively Regulate Regulatory T Cell Development and Maintenance of Peripheral CD4+ T Cells In Vivo
Authors: Zhou Angela X. , Kozhaya Lina , Fujii Hodaka , Unutmaz Derya 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The role of surface-bound TGF-β on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the mechanisms that mediate its functions are not well defined. We recently identified a cell-surface molecule called Glycoprotein A Repetitions Predominant (GARP), which is expressed specifically on activated Tregs and was found to bind latent TGF-β and mediate a portion of Treg suppressive activity in vitro. In this article, we address the role of GARP in regulating Treg and conventional T cell development and immune suppression in vivo using a transgenic mouse expressing GARP on all T cells. We found that, despite forced expression of GARP on all T cells, stimulation through the TCR was required for efficient localization of GARP to the cell surface. In addition, IL-2 signals enhanced GARP cell surface expression specifically on Tregs. GARP-transgenic CD4+ T cells and Tregs, especially those expressing higher levels of GARP, were significantly reduced in the periphery. Mature Tregs, but not conventional CD4+ T cells, were also reduced in the thymus. CD4+ T cell reduction was more pronounced within the effector/memory subset, especially as the mouse aged. In addition, GARP-overexpressing CD4+ T cells stimulated through the TCR displayed reduced proliferative capacity, which was restored by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, inhibiting TGF-β signals greatly enhanced surface expression of GARP on Tregs and blocked the induction of Foxp3 in activated CD4+ T cells overexpressing GARP. These findings suggest a role for GARP in natural and induced Treg development through activation of bound latent TGF-β and signaling, which negatively regulates GARP expression on Tregs.
Banking Systems, Central Banks and International Reserve Accumulation in East Asian Economies
Authors: Shrestha Prakash Kumar 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper examines changes in the balance sheets of the banking system in five East Asian economies which were affected by the 1997 Asian Crisis. These countries have persistently accumulated international reserves since the crisis. This paper estimates the impact of reserve accumulation on some important balance sheet variables such as liquid assets, credit and deposits of the banking system by applying panel data techniques. Estimates using data from Thailand, South Korea, Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia show that there has been robust positive impact of reserve accumulation on the liquid assets and deposits of the banking system after controlling for the effect of other potential variables.
Effects of Methylprednisolone Infusions on Vital Signs in Children With Headaches
Authors: Heidrich Elaine , Greene Gail , Weberding Jessica , Lin Li , McGee Susan 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVESIntravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) infusions have been associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Inconsistent monitoring practices in a pediatric hospital led to questions about patient safety and allocation of nursing resources. This study describes vital sign changes in children and monitoring practices related to IVMP.METHODSThis retrospective chart review received Institutional Review Board approval. Children aged 5 to 17 years receiving IVMP from January 2006 to January 2009 were included. Seventy-four patients with 94 hospital admissions were evaluated. Data collected included systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, as well as the time and dosage of IVMP. Frequency of vital sign monitoring as ordered and as performed was described. Interrater reliability was calculated, and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis.RESULTSAt baseline, about half of the patients had vital signs out of normal range for age. After the first dose, vital signs fluctuated, with a majority having greater than 10% changes from baseline as increases, decreases, or both. Time of initial 10% change in vital signs ranged from immediately after the dose to 135.5 hours later. Increased vital sign changes were seen in the older patients and in patients receiving higher doses. Monitoring of vital signs occurred more frequently than was ordered. Only 1 patient had a specific order for monitoring with IVMP.CONCLUSIONSThe patients included in this study experienced documented fluctuations in vital signs. A prospective study to evaluate the relationship of IVMP and patient safety will assist in standardizing vital sign monitoring guidelines.
Effect of a Resident Physician Educational Program on Pediatric Emergency Department Pharmacy Interventions and Medication Errors
Authors: Foster Megan E. , Lighter Donald E. , Godambe Ashok V. , Edgerson Brandon , Bradley Randy , Godambe Sandip 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE
To determine the effects of a resident physician educational program in a pediatric emergency department (ED) on pharmacy interventions and medication errors, particularly dose adjustments, order clarifications, and adverse drug events (ADE).

METHODS
The ED pharmacist recorded all interventions and medication errors on weekdays from 3 to 11 pm during a 9-month period, consisting of a preobservational (Quarter 1), observational (Quarter 2), and interventional (Quarter 3) phases. Program implementation occurred in Quarter 3, with an initial 3-hour lecture during the ED orientation, followed by daily patient case discussions. Weekly interventions and errors were analyzed using statistical process control u-chart analyses. Chi-square analyses of independence were also performed. Resident and ED staff feedback on the program was obtained through anonymous internet-based surveys.

RESULTS
A total of 3507 interventions were recorded during the 9-month period. Chi-square approximation and interval estimation of odds ratio showed a statistically significant decrease between Quarters 1 and 3 in the number of dose adjustments (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.324–0.689) and order clarifications (95% CI, 0.137 to 0.382) after initiation of the program. The decline in ADE, while not as substantial (95% CI, 0.003 to 1.078), still achieved a level of significance (90% CI, 0.006 to 0.674). Survey results were positive toward the program.

CONCLUSIONS
The implementation of a resident physician educational program in our pediatric ED significantly decreased the number of medication errors, increased resident physician awareness of the potential for errors, and increased ED pharmacist utilization.
Performance of a Large Language Model in Screening Citations
Authors: Oami Takehiko , Okada Yohei , Nakada Taka-aki 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceLarge language models (LLMs) are promising as tools for citation screening in systematic reviews. However, their applicability has not yet been determined.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of an LLM in title and abstract literature screening.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective diagnostic study used the data from the title and abstract screening process for 5 clinical questions (CQs) in the development of the Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock. The LLM decided to include or exclude citations based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria in terms of patient, population, problem; intervention; comparison; and study design of the selected CQ and was compared with the conventional method for title and abstract screening. This study was conducted from January 7 to 15, 2024.ExposuresLLM (GPT-4 Turbo)–assisted citation screening or the conventional method.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe sensitivity and specificity of the LLM-assisted screening process was calculated, and the full-text screening result using the conventional method was set as the reference standard in the primary analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were also estimated, and screening times of the 2 methods were compared.ResultsIn the conventional citation screening process, 8 of 5634 publications in CQ 1, 4 of 3418 in CQ 2, 4 of 1038 in CQ 3, 17 of 4326 in CQ 4, and 8 of 2253 in CQ 5 were selected. In the primary analysis of 5 CQs, LLM-assisted citation screening demonstrated an integrated sensitivity of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.92) and specificity of 0.99 (95% CI, 0.99 to 0.99). Post hoc modifications to the command prompt improved the integrated sensitivity to 0.91 (95% CI, 0.77 to 0.97) without substantially compromising specificity (0.98 [95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99]). Additionally, LLM-assisted screening was associated with reduced time for processing 100 studies (1.3 minutes vs 17.2 minutes for conventional screening methods; mean difference, −15.25 minutes [95% CI, −17.70 to −12.79 minutes]).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective diagnostic study investigating the performance of LLM-assisted citation screening, the model demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and reasonably high specificity with reduced processing time. This novel method could potentially enhance efficiency and reduce workload in systematic reviews.
Evidence From the USPSTF and New Approaches to Evaluate Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment
Authors: Hart Laura C. , Viswanathan Meera , Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Stevermer James , Harris Sheena , Ali Rania , Chou Roger , Doran Emma , Hudson Kesha , Rains Caroline , Sathe Nila , Zolotor Adam J. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) has considered the topic of prevention of child maltreatment multiple times over its nearly 40-year history, each time reaching the conclusion that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against interventions aimed at preventing this important health problem with significant negative sequelae before it occurs. In the most recent evidence review, which was conducted from August 2021 to November 2023 and published in March 2024, the USPSTF considered contextual questions on the evidence for bias in reporting and diagnosis of maltreatment in addition to key questions regarding effectiveness of interventions to prevent child maltreatment.ObservationsA comprehensive literature review found evidence of inaccuracies in risk assessment and racial and ethnic bias in the reporting of child maltreatment and in the evaluation of injuries concerning for maltreatment, such as skull fractures. When children are incorrectly identified as being maltreated, harms, such as unnecessary family separation, may occur. Conversely, when children who are being maltreated are missed, harms, such as ongoing injury to the child, continue. Interventions focusing primarily on preventing child maltreatment did not demonstrate consistent benefit or information was insufficient. Additionally, the interventions may expose children to the risk of harm as a result of these inaccuracies and biases in reporting and evaluation. These inaccuracies and biases also complicate assessment of the evidence for making clinical prevention guidelines.Conclusions and RelevanceThere are several potential strategies for consideration in future efforts to evaluate interventions aimed at the prevention of child maltreatment while minimizing the risk of exposing children to known biases in reporting and diagnosis. Promising strategies to explore might include a broader array of outcome measures for addressing child well-being, using population-level metrics for child maltreatment, and assessments of policy-level interventions aimed at improving child and family well-being. These future considerations for research in addressing child maltreatment complement the USPSTF’s research considerations on this topic. Both can serve as guides to researchers seeking to study the ways in which we can help all children thrive.