bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rodgers and Hammerstein’s musical metatheatre, or: Why Billy Bigelow had to die
Authors: Magee Jeffrey 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Rodgers and Hammerstein’s musical theatre has tended to resist interpretations that view it as an affirmation of the musical theatre itself, as an effort to construct the musical theatre’s historical roots, and as a means of insisting on its centrality to human (or, at least, American) survival. The term metatheatre may encapsulate this persistent trope in R&H’s world. For, despite the term’s slippery connotations since its coinage more than 50 years ago, it serves as a concise way to accentuate a broad, yet not fully recognized, phenomenon in their work. Metatheatrical numbers, scenes and patterns emerge in The King and I, The Sound of Music, and South Pacific that help to illuminate the previously unrecognized metatheatricality of Carousel.
‘Don’t Ya Think That’s Pretty Music?’ – Jason Robert Brown’s melodic construction from Songs for a New World to The Last Five Years
Authors: Nisbet Ian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Jason Robert Brown is an American musical theatre composer who sings as he composes and ‘write[s] everything at the same time’. This article focuses on Brown’s small-scale melodic construction techniques through discussion of the horizontal pitch content from his musicals Songs for a New World (1995), Parade (1998) and The Last Five Years (2002). The article concludes that, once Brown has established a ‘structure that [he] can just start playing with’, he regularly uses highly structured melodic cells when creating his melodic lines; repeatedly employs dissonance when his characters are experiencing fear, nervousness or regret, and uses consonance and unison as dramatic symbols in his love duets.
Mary Wigman: Expressionist, feminist, theatre artist
Authors: Werther Janet 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article considers Mary Wigman’s career and her work’s relationship to canonicity in both dance and theatre studies with a focus on her position as a female authorial artist in Weimar-era Germany. The article compares Wigman’s early group work The Seven Dances of Life (1921) with Oskar Kokoschka’s seminal expressionist play Murderer Hope of Womankind (1909), arguing that the works have inverse relationships to textuality and to canonicity. This article also explores Wigman’s closeted bisexuality, suggesting that an acknowledgement of the artist’s sexual proclivities is integral to understanding her resistance to the traditional power structures of the theatre and her development of alternative power structures and homosocial female communities.
Vampires on the Mississippi: The miscegenation scene in Show Boat
Authors: Walls Alison 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The classic American musical Show Boat, by Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II, holds at its heart an intriguingly gothic scene. When Steve drinks Julie’s blood in the climactic ‘miscegenation scene’, his actions recall that of a vampire – a gothic suggestion that is reinforced in the libretti for the original 1927 production, and can also be found in other moments in the musical. Viewed within the contextual framework of the culturally embedded connotations of the vampire, the socio-historic context of the work itself, and the significant role of the American musical in the formation of national identity, this gothic figure can be seen to encapsulate the profound concerns embedded in the musical, and mediate the era’s cultural climate. Such a context may also suggest a particular resonance for the musical’s Jewish creators. In addition to this, Show Boat’s vampiric suggestion reveals a troubling reflection on cultural appropriation.
Once (again) in the Highlands: The Goodman Theatre’s revisal of Brigadoon
Authors: Peck Ellen M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this short performance review, the author considers the recent ‘revisal’ production of Brigadoon, staged by the Goodman Theatre in Chicago in the summer of 2014. One of the charms of this production was its revised libretto, by Brian Hill, which sought to contextualize the myth of the disappearing village of Brigadoon against a backdrop of genuine Scottish historical events. The revisal also strengthened the character portrayals to appeal to the tastes of contemporary audiences. The author explores some of these changes and reflects on the success of the production.
Rethinking Reader and Writer Responsibility in Academic English
Authors: MacKenzie Ian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
There is a growing perception that English used as a lingua franca does not need to resemble English as a native language, but can include a great deal of lexicogrammatical variation. However, a more fundamental matter is whether research articles written in English need to conform to the dominant linear, deductive, ‘Anglo’ pattern of text organization, or whether non-native English speakers should be free to transfer rhetorical patterns from their L1s into English, such as, e.g., an inductive, indirect, end-weighted form of argumentation, perhaps with a less-assertive conclusion. Hinds (1987) describes the latter style of writing as “reader-responsible,” as opposed to the “writer-responsible” Anglo-American style, arguing that it requires a great deal more inferential work on the part of the reader. Yet from a relevance theory perspective it appears unlikely that a culture would choose to impose unnecessary additional processing effort on readers. The perception of difficulty is an etic perspective: analysts from “writer-responsible” cultures imagine the processing effort that would be necessary in their culture to make sense of “reader-responsible” texts. Indirect, inductive rhetorical styles do not cause problems for readers accustomed to them. Given that most academic writing in English is for an international audience, non-native English-speaking researchers – and indeed native English speakers too – should be free to adopt a range of styles, or some sort of heterogeneous hybrid, depending on their perceptions of their readers’ expectations. A further issue is whether researchers who have reservations about ‘Anglo’ styles of writing, e.g. in the social sciences or literary and cultural theory, should encourage non-native English speakers to imitate the noun-heavy, nominalized, passivized, syntactically-complex style dominant in these fields.
Nine Types of Turn-taking in Interpreter-mediated GP Consultations
Authors: Li Shuangyu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This research investigated the systematicity of turn-taking organisation in naturally occurring GP consultations where either a professional or an ad hoc interpreter was involved to mediate language discordant doctor-patient talk-in-interaction. I found that participants systematically organise their turns to speak, following one of the nine types of turn-taking organisation identified in this study disregarding the patient’s native language and culture, the type of interpreter and their interpreting proficiency. The effect turn-taking organisation has on communication varies in different contexts. Teaching doctors about the cause and effect relation between turn-taking and communication outcomes may help them improve their clinical communication.
Can mitochondrial malondialdehyde content be a useful tool to evaluate sea lamprey juveniles’ capacity to seawater acclimatization?
Authors: Candeias Marta , Alves-Pereira Isabel , João Lança Maria , Ferreira Ana Filipa , Quintella Bernardo R. , Almeida Pedro R. , Ferreira Rui 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe sea lamprey is an anadromous species that migrates twice during its life cycle between freshwater and seawater. Microphagous larvae generally spend 4–5 years burrowed in the substrate of rivers and streams before undergoing metamorphosis that ends with the beginning of the juvenile trophic migration. Once metamorphosis is complete, sea lamprey juvenile downstream migrants are fully tolerant to seawater salinity. Pollution resulting from industrial effluents may disturb the seawater acclimatization causing oxidative damage, and ultimately may lead to a decrease of sea lamprey population. The aim of this study was to compare salt acclimation of sea lamprey juveniles captured in river basins with different levels of aquatic pollution, using mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of gills and liver as markers of physiological stress and cell damage. The results showed that juveniles from the Lima basin exhibited the highest levels of mitochondrial MDA in gills, even though significant changes in the stress markers of mitochondrial gills of all animals subject to salt acclimation were not detected. In addition, an increase in the oxidative damage of hepatic mitochondria of macrophthalmia from the Vouga basin suggests the occurrence of metabolic failures with the potential to disturb the capacity to adaptation to the marine environment.
Die Vielteilchen-T-Matrix und ihre Anwendung in der Theorie realer Gase von mittlerer Dichte.
Authors: Baerwinkel K . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The formalism of the many-body T matrix suitable for application in nonequilibrium is presented. The corresponding approximation together with a density-expansion is applied to the general equation of motion due to Kadanoff-Baym . Correction terms to the Boltzmann-Landau equation are obtained.
Magnetische Relaxation in Glycerin
Authors: Noack F . , Preissing G . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic relaxation times in pure glycerol and glycerol water mixtures have been measured in the frequency range from 450 kHz . . . 120 MHz from -20 °C .. . 70 °C. The results cannot be interpreted in terms of the well-known distributions of dielectric correlation times (Log-Gaussian, Cole-Davidson etc.), as has been proposed recently. Instead a new type of distribution function, called "diffusion-distribution", is introduced.
Zur elektromagnetischen Strahlung magnetfeldfreier Elektronenplasmawellen bei isotropem und anisotropem Gasdruck
Authors: Bessenrodt R . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In previous studies the electromagnetic radiation resulting from nonlinear self-interaction of electron plasma waves was treated by taking the electron pressure to be isotropic. Here we determine the radiation flux in the far field of the disturbance for the anisotropic case, too. By assuming statistical homogeneity in space and time and accounting only for pair correlations of the particle density the mean flux near the second harmonic of the plasma frequency can be expressed by the energy spectrum of the primary waves. As an application we find approximate formulae for coronal conditions (type II and III bursts). The anisotropy corrections are of the order (a/c)2 (a=electron sound velocity, c = velocity of light).
Untersuchungen an Kratern von Mikroprojektilen im Geschwindigkeitsbereich von 0,5 bis 10 km/sec
Authors: Rudolph V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Iron spheres of μ-size were accelerated by a modified 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator to velocities from 0.5 to 10 km/sec. With these particles craters were produced in metal targets. The dimensions of the craters were measured by an electron microscope (Stereoscan). Systematical measurements were made for lead, cadmium, silver, copper and aluminum targets. The dependence of the crater diameter, depth and volume as function of the mass and the velocity of the projectile and of the target material is described.
Elektronenoptischer Phasenkontrast
Authors: Reimer L. 
Published: February 2015

Complex atomic scattering amplitudes calculated by the WKB-method and verified experimentally in earlier work are used to compute the decrease in intensity if imaging single atoms, plane arrays of atoms or atomic monolayers, especially of platinum atoms. By calculating the decrease of intensity in the centre of an atomic image for a large number of different objective apertures α and defocussing parameters Δf one gets a better survey for the limits of optimal underfocus. We used constants of spherical aberration Cö = 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mm. The energy of the electrons is 100 keV. Some calculations are done up to 1200 keV.
The use of complex scattering amplitudes does not justify to distinguish between amplitude and phase contrast. Both limiting cases are obtatined in the used theory. Two platinum atoms in nearest distance can be resolved in the optimal underfocus only for Cö= 0 .5 and 1 mm. But for larger Cö there exists a region at larger α with a much better resolution. These results show that there is a continuous transition from the resolution of an atomic pair up to that of the lattice planes in crystal films.
Disks of 7 and 19 atoms in a two-dimensional dense packing are calculated and some deviations in optimal focus are found compared to the results of single atoms. At low α beyond the Bragg angle of the dense packed atomic rows no large difference exist if varying Cö and α. The single atoms are not resolved, but the decrease of intensity should be large enough for observation. Further calculations have been done about the contrast of a mono-atomic layer considering the influence of a vacancy too.
The influence of a finite aperture of illumination and the energy distribution of the electrons are considered by folding the results with a distribution like a Gaussian error function.
Lichtemission im Vakuumultraviolett durch Elektronenstoßanregung in Gasen
Authors: Sroka W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nearly monochromatic electrons of low energy (0 - 200 eV) which pass through nitrogen of small pressure dissociate the N2 molecule in a single collision into excited atoms or ions which emit a radiation in the extreme ultraviolet. The registered wavelengths can be attributed to known transitions. The excitation functions and appearance potentials of these dissociation processes are measured. In some cases the electron configuration of the second dissociation product can be determined from the appearance potentials. Furthermore it is shown that the gas-ionizing radiation of N2 is due to these dissociation processes.
Determination of Diffusion Coefficient of Cation Vacancies in Nickel Oxide
Authors: Morlotti Romano 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Polycrystalline NiO samples were equilibrated with different oxygen partial pressures from 10-3 to 1 Atm in the temperature range 750 °C -1000 °C.
Transient electrical conductivity was measured until a new equilibrium was attained after changing the oxygen partial pressure. By the time dependence of the electrical conductivity in isothermal conditions the diffusion coefficient of nickel vacancies was determined.
Using the pertinent value for the vacancies equilibrium concentration, the self-diffusion coefficient of nickel in nickel oxide was obtained in good agreement with literature data.
Resonanzeinfang langsamer Elektronen in Äthan und Propan
Authors: Huber B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By means of a time-of-flight method the electron drift velocity ν_ in ethane was measured at densities between N = 1,5 · 1019 and 1,1 · 1021 cm-3 (450 Torr ≦p20 ≦ 33390 Torr). Below E/N = 10-18 and above E/N = 10-16 Vcm2 (E/p20 < 0,03 and > 3,3) ν_ is independent of density N, in the intermediate region ν_ decreases at a given E/N with increasing density. This means a violation of the similarity rule. As function of E/N at a given X the relative drift velocity q = ν_ (p)/v (450 Torr) shows a resonance curve with a minimum at E/N = 6,5 · 10-18 {E/p20 - 0,2). This effect can be described, assuming that the electron is attached to the C2H6- molecule for a short time τ. The cross section for the electron attachment, Qa, has a resonance maximum at electron energies of ~ 80 meV. Qa is shown to be ≦ 10-15 cm2 and the life time to be ≦ 10-14 sec. - In propane a similar density-effect is found.
Notizen:Moleküleigenschaften des F2 nach dem SCF-MO-LC(LCGO)-Verfahren
Authors: Janoschek R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Das F2 wurde unter Berücksichtigung aller Elektronen mit dem ALLGEMEINEN PROGRAMMSYSTEM/SCF-MO-LC (LCGO)-VERFAHREN für einige Kernlagen behandelt. Im Energieminimum ergab sich eine Gesamtenergie von - 198.1137 at. E., ein Gleichgewichtsabstand von 1.408 Å sowie eine Ionisierungsenergie von 17,40 eV. Die Schwingungsfrequenz wurde zu 1118 cm-1 berechnet. Nach einer Abschätzungsformel ergab sich weiter die Bindungsenergie des F2-Moleküls zu 1,62 eV (Dissoziationsenergie 1,54 eV).
The F2-molecule has been calculated by means of the GENERAL SCF-MO-LC (LCGO) PROGRAM SYSTEM for some nuclear configurations. In the minimum energy there was found a total energy of -198.1137 atomic units, an equilibrium distance of 1.408 Å as well as an ionization energy of 17.40 eV. The frequency of vibration gave 1118 cm-1. After an estimation formula the bond energy for the F2-molecule led to 1.62 eV (dissociation energy 1.54 eV).
Rare Gas Diffusion in NaCl
Authors: Matzke Hj. , Rickers G. , Sørensen G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The mobility (diffusion and trapping) of the heavy rare gases Kr, Xe, and Rn in pure and doped NaCl single crystals was measured following ion bombardment to various integrated doses (108 to 2X1016 ions/cm2) and at energies between 30 and 500 keV. No obvious effect of doping on release was found. At low gas concentrations, release was compatible with volume diffusion yielding an acti­vation enthalpy, ΔH, of 1.5 ±0.2 eV. This value was obtained for both very low and very high bombardment energies (≈ 1 and 500 keV) thus indicating that the same release mechanism is operative near the surface and in the bulk material. For this release mechanism, a mobility in small vacancy clusters was suggested. At higher gas concentrations, the release was shifted towards higher temperatures. This retarded release was explained by transient trapping, i. e. by gas-gas or gas-damage interactions, and was shown to have a partially single jump character. Again, the result was the same for low and high bombardment energies.
Mischungseffekte binärer Systeme aus Benzol und einigen seiner Quasi-Dimeren
Authors: Schreiber H. , Woerner F. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es wird gezeigt, daß experimentelle Daten von Exzeßgrößen bei +35 °C der Systeme Benzol - o,o'-Ditolyl. Benzol - Diphenylmethan und Diphenylmethan - o,o'-Ditolyl durch Ansätze der Theorie des Durchschnittspotentials unter alleiniger Berücksichtigung der Größenunterschiede der Moleküle gut wiedergegeben werden können. Dagegen ergeben sich beim System Benzol - Diphenyl Diskre­ panzen.
Untersuchung der Hyperfeinstruktur des 5s25d2D3/2-und 5s26d2D3/2-Terms im In I-Spektrum durch Resonanzstreuung von Licht im äußeren Magnetfeld / Hyper fine Structure Investigation of the 5s25d2D3/2- and 5s26d2Ds3/2-States of the ln I-Spectrum by Resonance Scattering of Light in an External Magnetic Field
Authors: Brieger M. , Bucka H. , Reichelt A. , Zimmermann P. 
Published: February 2015

Using an Indium atomic beam as absorber the resonance fluorescence of the transitions 5d2D3/2 - 5p2P1/2 (λ = 3039 Å) and 6d2D3/2-5p2P 1/2 (λ=2560 Å) was measured as a function of an external magnetic field. In both states two signals were observed at magnetic fields, where three level crossings occur. The observed line shape is discussed for the case of overlapping level crossing components with regard to radiation width and hyperfine structure splitting. The experimental results can be described by the following values for the lifetime τ and the hyperfine structure constants A and B :
5d2D3/2: | A|=(64.5±1.0) Mc/sec·gJ/0.8; B/A = - 0.59±0.17;
τ = ( 7.0± 0.4) · 10-9 sec · 0.8/gJ ;
6d2D3/2: | A | =(72.1 ±0.3) Mc/sec·gJ/0.8 ; B/A = - 0.47 ±0.05;
τ = (25.5±1 ) ·10-9 sec-0.8/gJ .
The values and the sign of the hyperfine structure constants indicate interconfiguration mixing.
Use of the M&S Configuration in Theta Pinches
Authors: Wolf G 
Published: February 2015

The M & S configuration gives equilibrium for a toroidal plasma without net current in the azimuthal direction and without rotational transform. Explicit solutions are obtained only for the restricted cases β=0, and β ≦ 1 in the surface current model, but configurations with continuous pressure profile are proved to exist. The use of the M & S configuration to confine a toroidal theta pinch plasma leads to problems in the establishment of the equilibrium and in particular in its stability.
The stability of the M & S configuration is investigated for the simplified case of the corrugated linear theta pinch. LIMPUS. This configuration is theoretically unstable with respect to m ≧ 1 flutes. Mechanisms to suppress these modes are based on finite gyroradii stabilisation for m ≧ 2. and on the conducting wall for m = 1, the latter case being limited to very high β. No m 2 instabilities are observed experimentally, although m = 1 instabilities with growth times agreeing with MHD theory are detected. An extrapolation of these results to an M & S configuration gives τm&s/τD≈ (ξ0/τD)1/2 where τD is the average minor radius, ξ0 an initial deviation from the M & S equilibrium position, and τ M&S and τD are the M & S confinement time and the toroidal drift time, respectively. M&S experiments with theta pinch plasmas near 10 eV, τm&S is extended by a factor 3 - 4 beyond τD , which is in agreement with the above relation. This suggest firstly, that the M & S configurations investigated are an adequate approximation to the required equi­librium, and, secondly, that the MHD instabilities substantially limit the confinement time.
Simple models show that oscillating axial currents, a steady axial motion of the LIMPUS mag­netic field configuration or a standing wave like oscillation can suppress the instabilities mentioned. Experiments on such dynamic stabilisation are in progress.
Ein level-crossing-Experiment zur Untersuchung der Hyperfeinstruktur des angeregten 32P3/2-Zustandes von 23Na
Authors: Baumann M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The hyperfine structure of the 32P3/2-state of 23Na has been investigated by means of the level-crossing-technique. Δm =2 and Δm = 1 crossing signals were detected by observing the field-dependence of the polarization of the fluorescence radiation in a magnetic field. From a detailed analysis of the experimental signal curves one obtains the magnetic hfs splitting constant A = (18.8 + 0.15) MHz, the electric quadrupole interaction constant B = (2.9 + 0.3) MHz and the lifetime of the excited 32P3/2-state τ= (1.59 + 0.04)·10-8 sec. The nuclear electric quadrupole moment deduced from the ratio B/A is Q (23Na) = (0.124 ± 0.015)·10-24 cm2 (without Sternheimer correction).
Level crossing-Experimente an den Heliumzuständen 33D und 43D bei Ionenstoßanregung
Authors: Buchhaupt K. 
Published: February 2015

Es wurden die Halbwertsbreiten der Hanle-Effekt-Signale der Heliumzustände 33D und 43D als Funktion des Heliumdruckes bestimmt. Mit Hilfe des Dichtematrixformalismus gelang es, den mittleren g-Faktor abzuschätzen und die Lebensdauern der Zustände zu
τ (33D) = 22 ns und τ(43D) = 36 ns
zu berechnen. Außerdem konnten aus den Druckabhängigkeiten der Lebensdauern die Wirkungsquerschnitte für die Zerstörung der Ausrichtung (alignment) durch Stöße mit Heliumatomen im Grundzustand bestimmt werden
σ̅(2)(33D) =7·10-14 cm2, σ̅(2) (43D) = 4·10-14 cm2 (T = 293 °K).
Aus der Lage der level crossing-Signale ergaben sich die folgenden Feinstrukturaufspaltungen
⊿ (33D3-33D2) = (74,6 ± 1,0) MHz, ⊿ (43D3-43D2) = (35,8 ± 1,0 ) MHz.