bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe Single Atoms Anchored on N‐doped Mesoporous Carbon Microspheres for Promoted Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Luo Zhuyu , He Linfeng , Wu Jinfeng , Tian Yue , Yang Menghua , Liu Xiaoyan , Zheng Ru , Zhang Dieqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFe single atoms (Fe SAs) based catalysts have received much attention in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) due to its low‐cost and high activity. Yet, the facile synthesis of efficient and stable Fe SAs catalysts is still challenging. Here, we reported a Fe SAs anchored on N‐doped mesoporous carbon microspheres (NC) catalyst via spraying drying and pyrolysis processes. The highly active Fe SAs are uniformly distributed on the NC matrix, which prevented the aggregation benefiting from the enhanced Fe−N bonds. Also, the mesoporous carbon structure is favorable for fast electron and mass transfer. The optimized Fe@NC‐2‐900 catalyst shows positive half wave potential (E1/2=0.86 V vs reversible hydrogen electrodes (RHE)) and starting potential (Eonset=0.98 V vs RHE) in ORR, which is comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst (E1/2=0.87 V, Eonset=1.08 V vs RHE). Outstanding stability with a current retention rate of 92.5 % for 9 hours and good methanol tolerance are achieved. The assembled zinc‐air batteries showed good stability up to 500 hours at a current density of 5 mA cm−2. This work shows potentials of Fe SAs based catalysts for the practical application in ORR and pave a new avenue for promoting their catalytic performances.
Research on PI automatic tracking and arc elimination method based on phase deviation‐fault residual voltage control
Authors: Liu Hongwen , Zeng Xiangjun , Yang Qing , Chai Chenchao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAiming at the problem that the current arc suppression method of coil cannot achieve full compensation. First, the calculation model of the full compensation parameters of the controllable voltage source is established by analyzing the grounding fault arc suppression principle of the independent controllable voltage source and the parallel arc suppression coil. Second, by analyzing the arc suppression characteristics of controllable voltage source, a PI automatic regulation method based on phase deviation‐fault residual voltage control is proposed. The method uses fault residual voltage and the change of output voltage amplitude of controllable voltage source to control the adjustment direction and fault residual voltage to control the output voltage amplitude of controllable voltage source. The simulation results show that when the capacitive current of the distribution network is 24.47 A, the fault residual voltage is 2.5 V and the residual current is 446 mA after compensation by the independent controllable voltage source. When the capacitive current is 40.8 A and the deharmonic degree of arc suppression coil is −9%, the fault residual voltage and residual current are 2.2 V and 60 mA after compensated by the parallel arc suppression coil of the controlled voltage source. The proposed PI control method exhibits good stability, resulting in low fault residual voltage, and outperforms traditional control methods, enhancing the arc extinction effect of ground faults.
Risk factors for biliary tract events during elective cholecystectomy waiting time after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Satoh Tatsunori , Kaneko Junichi , Kawaguchi Shinya , Ishiguro Yuya , Endo Shinya , Shirane Naofumi , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Yamada Takanori , Ohno Kazuya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesEndoscopic lithotripsy and elective cholecystectomy, followed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, are the first‐line treatments for patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones (CBDS) and gallstones. However, this approach entails acute cholecystitis and recurrent cholangitis risk while patients await surgery. We aimed to identify acute cholecystitis and cholangitis risk factors during the waiting time for elective cholecystectomy.MethodsThis study comprised 151 patients with CBDS combined with gallstones who underwent cholecystectomy within 90 days of the first endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at two tertiary care centers between January 2019 and October 2021.ResultsThe incidence of biliary tract events (acute cholecystitis, acute cholangitis, or any complications requiring unplanned cholangiopancreatography) was 28% (43 cases). In univariate and multivariate analyses, plastic stent placement as a bridge to surgery for the first treatment of CBDS was an independent risk factor for biliary tract events during the waiting time for surgery (odds ratio 4.25, p = 0.002). A subgroup analysis among those with plastic stent placement revealed a CBD diameter of ≤ 10 mm as an independent risk factor for acute cholecystitis (odds ratio 4.32; p = 0.027); a CBD diameter ≥ 11 mm was an independent risk factor for acute cholangitis and unplanned re‐endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (odds ratio 5.66; p = 0.01).ConclusionsPlastic stent placement for CBDS before elective cholecystectomy increases the risk of acute cholecystitis or acute cholangitis during the waiting time for elective cholecystectomy.
Diversity and biogeographical patterns in the diet of the culpeo in South America
Authors: Lozano Jorge , Guntiñas Marta , Cisneros Rodrigo , Llorente Esther , Duro Adrián , Malo Aurelio F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHere we describe the dietary patterns of the culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) on a biogeographical scale. We also analyse the influence of exotic lagomorphs on its diet and explore differences between culpeo subspecies. We selected 17 mutually comparable diet studies, which include 19 independent diet assessments. Then, we extracted and standardized the values of the different diet components from these studies and calculated the relative frequency of occurrence of the 10 main trophic groups that we found. Further, we calculated the Shannon‐Wiener H′ trophic diversity index. The results showed that small mammals (41%), lagomorphs (21%), invertebrates (12.4%) and large herbivores (7.3%) were the most consumed groups. A factorial analysis of all trophic groups rendered four orthogonal factors that were used as response variables in relation to a set of environmental predictors. Altitude correlated with most factors (i.e. trophic groups). Exotic lagomorphs were consumed in lowlands, in higher latitudes and in regions showing high values of the human footprint index, enriching in those areas the culpeo's trophic spectrum. There were no differences in diet between the two main culpeo subspecies analysed, L.c. culpaeus and L.c. andinus. Finally, the best explanatory models (general linear model) of trophic diversity selected, using Akaike's information criterion, showed that the most diverse diets were those composed of large herbivores, edentates, carnivorous species, birds and herptiles (i.e. reptiles and frogs). Trophic diversity was low in rainy areas where big rodents dominated the diet. Neither latitude nor altitude seemed to have an effect on the trophic diversity of the culpeos, as they were not retained by the final models.
Nurturing the phenotype: Environmental signals and transcriptional regulation of intestinal γδ T cells
Authors: Vogg* Lisa , Winkler Thomas H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe intestinal epithelium harbours a unique lymphocyte population, the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). A large fraction of IELs is represented by γδ T cells. Their role in epithelial homeostasis and immune response is well documented, but a conclusive view of their developmental pathway is still missing. In this review, we discuss the existing literature as well as recent advances regarding the tissue adaptation of γδ IELs, both for the characteristic cytotoxic subset and the newly described noncytotoxic subset. We particularly highlight the environmental cues and the transcriptional regulation that equip γδ T cells with their IEL phenotype.
Rapid damage state identification of structures using generalized zero‐shot learning method
Authors: Chen Mengdie , Mangalathu Sujith , Jeon Jong‐Su 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIdentification of damaged structures after natural disasters, such as earthquakes, is crucial for ensuring public safety and facilitating timely repairs. Recently, machine learning‐based models have shown promise in this direction. Traditional machine‐learning approaches require a significant amount of labeled data for training. However, obtaining labeled data for damage identification can be challenging because it is time‐consuming and expensive. To resolve this issue, this study proposes a generalized zero‐shot learning (GZSL) methodology to identify the degree of structural damage in images. The proposed methodology was used for assessing the failure mode of reinforced concrete shear walls involving pixel images on a scale of 0–1. The GZSL model with ResNet18 as its backbone demonstrated good performance, achieving 100% and 86.7% accuracies on training and test sets, respectively. This methodology was also utilized for assessing building damage using wavelet images with a broader color spectrum; the ResNet50‐based GZSL model demonstrated excellent performance, achieving an accuracy of 68%, even with a smaller number of samples that included both seen and unseen classes.
A new method of estimating infiltration parameters for furrow irrigation
Authors: Kargas George , Mindrinos Leonidas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present new two‐point and one‐point methods for estimating infiltration parameters in furrow irrigation. It is assumed that infiltration and waterfront advance along the furrow follow the Valiantzas two‐parameter infiltration and power advance equations, respectively. The two parameters, the sorptivity (S) and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), are estimated by solving a quadratic equation. The presented solution of the infiltration‐advance problem is one of the few that uses physically significant parameters (S, Ks), which can provide adequate infiltration and advance behaviour at all time scales. The prediction of infiltration from the proposed methods is compared with experimental data and with the two‐point method of Ebrahimian et al. and the one‐point method of Shepard et al. The values of S between the two‐point methods are nearly identical in all cases, while the values of the A/Ks ratio range from 0.48 to 0.89 (parameter A is related to Ks). Regarding the one‐point method, the two examined methods yield similar S values as their relationship is given by the equation SShepard = 1.043 Snew (coefficient of determination
), while the values of the parameters A and Ks are linked by the equation
.
Long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes following liver transplantation for metabolic disease‐a single centre experience
Authors: Patterson Catherine , Gold Anna , So Stephanie , Kahnami Leila , Dworsky‐Fried Michaela , Mamak Eva , Rogers Alaine , Schulze Andreas , Ertl‐Wagner Birgit , Ng Vicky , Avitzur Yaron 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study describes the neurodevelopmental outcome of children with urea cycle disorders (UCD) and organic acidemias (OA) preliver transplant (LT), 1‐year, and 3‐years post‐LT. We performed a retrospective chart review of children with OA or UCD transplanted between January 2014 and December 2021. Standardized motor and cognitive assessment scores were collected from children who had ≥1 motor/cognitive assessment at any timepoint. Pre‐LT brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was graded. Associations between demographic/medical variables and neurodevelopmental outcomes were explored. Twenty‐six children (64% male) underwent LT at a median age of 1.4 (interquartile range 0.71, 3.84) years. Fifteen (58%) had a UCD diagnosis, 14 (54%) required dialysis for hyperammonemia, and 10 (42%) had seizures typically around diagnosis. The proportion of children with gross motor scores >1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean increased across timepoints, and ≥50% demonstrated general intellect scores >2 SD below the mean at each timepoint. The following significant associations were noted: UCD diagnoses with lower general intellect scores (p = 0.019); arginosuccinate lyase deficiency diagnosis with lower visual motor scores at 3‐years post‐LT (p = 0.035); a history of seizures pre‐LT with lower general intellect (>2SD below the mean) at 3‐years post‐LT (p = 0.020); dialysis pre‐LT with lower motor scores (>1 SD below the mean) at 1‐year post‐LT (p = 0.039); pre‐emptive LT with higher general intellect scores at 3‐years post‐LT (p = 0.001). MRI gradings were not associated with developmental scores. In our single centre study, children with UCD or OA had a higher prevalence of developmental impairment post‐LT compared to population norms. Earlier screening, pre‐emptive transplant, and rehabilitation may optimize long‐term outcomes.
BREADCRUMB LEGACY: THE EVERYDAY IMPACT OF OUR ACTIONS, DECISIONS, AND BEHAVIORS
Authors: Freed Jann E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe author, professor merita at Central College, writes about her concept of breadcrumb legacy, including that our legacy is formed by our day‐to‐day actions over a long time period. She notes that in her interviews, “along with my own research and experiences working with leaders, drove home that legacy, much like leadership, is all about conscious impact, and living how you'd like to be remembered. But not in the way that you might think.” She draws on various examples, such as Robert Glazer, founder and CEO of Acceleration Partners; Sounds True founder Tami Simon; leadership adviser/authors Jim Collins, Stephen R. Covey, and Sally Helgesen; developmental psychologist Erik Erikson, psychotherapist David Richo; and authors Studs Terkel and Rob Salafia. Freed writes that a “leader’s legacy also includes how well the leader builds capacity for the organization to thrive after the leader has left. While some may call this succession planning, it is the mindset of any good steward and servant leader.” She concludes that “since leadership is a relationship, not a position or title, thinking about how we want to be remembered can positively impact all of our relationships. Call them strong skills, brave skills, or leadership superpowers–breadcrumbs.”
BUILDING AN AI COMPACT TO UPHOLD ARTIFICIAL INTEGRITY
Authors: Mann Hamilton 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe author is Group Vice President of Digital Marketing and Digital Transformation at Thales, and a Lecturer at INSEAD and elsewhere. He discusses a concept he originated, Artificial Integrity. This involves how society can build fair, just, and equitable principles into the fabric of artificial intelligence, as the latter continues to move and evolve at lightning speed, in ways most people cannot understand. He describes his holistic framework of principles “for continuous vigilance and collaborative efforts in shaping AI’s role in society, ensuring it contributes positively to human progress.” He details 17 different principles, which “provide a framework aimed at establishing a global, constitution‐like foundation to govern AI.” They are, in his words: Protection of Human Identity and Dignity, Safety and Well‐being, Obedience to Human Orders, Transparency and Explainability, Confidentiality and Data Protection, Regulation and Human Decision‐Making, Responsibility in Case of Failure, Self‐protection and Updating, Shared Responsibility, Fairness and Inclusion, Protection of Meaningful and Significant Jobs, Ethical and Cultural Respect, Environmental Impact, International Collaboration, Respect for State Sovereignty, Economic Incentive for Societal Development, and Education and Awareness.
Online Disease Management Training for Older Adults With Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yilmaz Evre , Polat Ülkü 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionUsing online methods in health education is an effective method that provides individual services to older adults with limited access to health services and allows for low‐cost and continuous communication.MethodsThe study was completed with 52 older adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis, including 26 intervention and 26 control participants. For data collection, a Patient Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Self‐Efficacy Scale in Arthritis, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument‐Older Adults Module and a Telephone Counselling Follow‐up Form were used. Individuals in the intervention group were provided with online training for the first 4 weeks and telephone counselling for the following 4 weeks. Scales were applied to both groups.ResultsThe scales were applied to both groups at the first, second and last measurements. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the total pain and functional status scores of the individuals in the intervention and control groups at the second and last measurement (p < 0.05), while the average scores of the intervention group were lower control group. The total self‐efficacy score and quality of life total score of the intervention group were statistically significantly higher than the total score of the control group (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAs a result of the research, it was found that online education and telephone counselling given to elderly individuals with osteoarthritis were effective in reducing pain severity and improving functional status, self‐efficacy and quality of life.Trial Registration: The trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04816474/2021‐08‐10/https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/)
Improved error bounds on a time splitting method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator
Authors: Li Jiyong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, we study a time splitting Fourier pseudo‐spectral (TSFP) method for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with wave operator (NLSW). The nonlinear strength of the NLSW is characterized by . Specifically, we propose a coupled system which is equivalent to the NLSW and then apply the TSFP method to this system. As a geometric advantage, the TSFP method has time symmetry and conserves the discrete mass. Rigorous convergence analysis is provided to establish improved error bounds at up to the long‐time at where depends on the smoothness of the solution. Compared with the error bounds obtained by traditional analysis, our error bounds are greatly improved, especially when the problem presents weak nonlinearity, i.e. . In error analysis, combining with classical numerical analysis tools, we adopt the regularity compensation oscillation (RCO) technique to study the error accumulation process in detail and then establish the improved error bounds. The numerical experiments support our theoretical analysis. In addition, the numerical results show the long‐term stability of discrete energy.
Disturbance observer based adaptive heading control for unmanned marine vehicles with event‐triggered and input quantization
Authors: Ning Jun , Wang Yu , Liu Lu , Li Tieshan 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe primary objective of this paper is to enhance the efficient utilization of communication resources. To achieve this, the paper delves into the disturbance observer based adaptive heading control strategy for Unmanned Marine Vehicles with event‐triggered and input quantization. Furthermore, in order to mitigate the impact of slow time‐varying external disturbances within the control system, the disturbance observer is employed for estimation. Within the context of a networked control, control input is subjected to quantization via an input quantizer, and the process of input quantization is described by using a linear analytical model. Importantly, no foreknowledge of quantization parameters is necessary for the quantized feedback controllers. Subsequently, the sliding mode control method is combined with event‐triggered mechanismss to design quantization feedback control system. The stability of the closed‐loop system is established in line with the fundamental tenets of Lyapunov stability theory, validating the bounded nature of both observation and heading tracking control errors. The effectiveness of the proposed heading control scheme is further underscored through a series of simulation experiments.
Risks, Regulations, and Impacts of FinTech Adoption on Commercial Banks in the United States and Canada: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kalai Lamia , Toukabri Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe growth of FinTech has increasingly attracted the attention of financial industry players. The speed and complexity with which new financial technologies have spread around the world have created regulatory challenges for the United States and Canadian authorities. Unlike the United States, where there is regulatory fragmentation and a supervisory instrument with regulatory relief, Canada has a more integrated regulatory approach managed by regulatory sandbox principles. The aim of this article is to study and compare the impact of FinTech adoption on commercial banks over the 2018–2023 period in the United States and Canadian FinTech ecosystems. The results essentially show that FinTech has a positive impact on commercial banks' performance and financial growth, and a negative impact on liquidity and financial risk. Our results present several contributions and mainly show that: (1) In the presence of multiple entry channels for FinTech startups, the impact of FinTech on financial performance is higher in the United States than in Canada. (2) Because of its regulatory approach, Canada lags behind the United States in the adoption rate of financial technologies. (3) Balance of power in the financial sector induces commercial banks not to consider FinTech startups as threats but rather as partners that offer opportunities for expertise and reduced regulatory costs. Finally, FinTech can be disruptive and presents many challenges for regulators given the complexity and speed of innovation it promotes.
Indigenous Ingenuity: A Mini‐Review of Traditional Technologies for Drinking Water Treatment in Rural East African Communities
Authors: Lema Meserecordias Wilfred 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIndigenous water treatment practices play a vital role, yet they remain underrecognized, in securing access to safe drinking water for rural communities across East Africa. This article performs a mini‐review of the most common traditional techniques used by most East African communities to purify drinking water regularly. Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania have been taken as representative countries in the region as they somehow share many social‐cultural aspects, including a common language (Swahili), transboundary tribes like Maasai (Kenya/Tanzania), and Bahaya (Uganda/Tanzania). The four main traditional water purification techniques identified: filtration using locally available media, solar disinfection, Moringa coagulation, and boiling as well as improved storage. Case studies documenting the effectiveness of these indigenous practices in removing microbial pathogens and meeting WHO guidelines are also examined. However, limitations around reliance on local resources, labor demands, hygiene risks, and the inability to consistently achieve standards challenge wider adoption. The article concludes by highlighting the need for participatory optimization of traditional methods through integration with scientific expertise in a manner respecting local contexts. With proper support, these grassroots innovations can strengthen household water security on a sustainable basis.