bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter mapping in the healthy brain
Authors: Ropele Stefan , Wattjes Mike P. , Langkammer Christian , Kilsdonk Iris D. , de Graaf Wolter L. , Frederiksen Jette L , Fuglø Dan , Yiannakas Marios , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A. M. , Enzinger Christian , Rocca Maria A. , Sprenger Till , Amman Michael , Kappos Ludwig , Filippi Massimo , Rovira Alex , Ciccarelli Olga , Barkhof Frederik , Fazekas Franz 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe
relaxation rate constant has been suggested as a sensitive measure for iron accumulation. The aim of this multi‐center study was to assess the inter‐scanner and inter‐subject variability of
mapping and to investigate the relationship between brain volume and
in specific structures.Methods
mapping was performed in 81 healthy subjects in seven centers using different 3 T systems.
was calculated from a dual‐echo gradient echo sequence and was assessed in several deep gray matter structures. The inter‐scanner and inter‐subject variability of
was calculated by means of the coefficient of variation before and after correcting for age.ResultsSignificant center effects were seen in some regions which get lost after age correction. The coefficient of variation for the inter‐center variability was much lower (<5.6%) than for the intra‐subject variability (6.7%–11.7%).
in the putamen and red nucleus scaled with cortical volume while
in the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra was negatively associated with white matter volume.Conclusion
is a robust and reproducible measure in a multicenter setting provided that a standardized MRI protocol is used. The relationship between iron concentration in deep gray matter and volume of specific brain compartments needs further investigation. Magn Reson Med 71:1103–1107, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Kannst Du Destille?”
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDas Jubiläum der Angewandten Chemie nimmt Hans‐Jürgen Quadbeck‐Seeger zum Anlass, über die angewandte Forschung hinaus auch über Manager, Handwerk und die zehn Gebote nachzudenken.
Kooperative Katalyse mit Übergangsmetallen
Authors: Tamke Sergej , Paradies Jan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKatalysesysteme aus zwei oder mehr Metallzentren erhöhen oft die Ausbeuten und Stereoselektivitäten einer Kupplungs‐ oder Additionsreaktion. Vor allem Kombinationen mit Palladium und Gold erzielen gute Ergebnisse.
Neue Geschäftsmodelle — neue Möglichkeiten
Authors: Delft Stephan von , Kortmann Sebastian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNeben Produkt‐ und Prozessinnovationen rückt das Geschäftsmodell als Gegenstand der Innovation in das Blickfeld der chemischen Industrie. Innovative Geschäftsmodelle können nachhaltige Wettbewerbsvorteile schaffen, bringen aber auch Herausforderungen mit sich.
Österreich: verhalten positiv
Authors: Pummer Johann 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie rasante Aufholjagd nach dem Einbruch der Jahre 2008 und 2009 aufgrund der weltweiten Finanzkrise scheint für die österreichische Chemie vorbei zu sein. Sie schloss das Jahr 2012 mit einem Plus von etwa 5 % ab und steuert wieder in ruhigeren Gewässern.
Wettbewerbsvorteil Volatilitätsmanagement
Authors: Lewe Tobias , Sander Ulrike 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDie Finanz‐ und Wirtschaftskrise des Jahres 2008 ging genauso schnell, wie sie gekommen war. Die teilweise harten Einschnitte bewältigte die europäische Chemie gut. Um in Phasen der Unsicherheit auch künftig zu bestehen, starteten viele Unternehmen ein vorausschauendes Volatilitätsmanagement.
Mehrdimensionale Gaschromatographie in der Geruchsanalytik
Authors: Leitner Erich 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDer Geruch von Lebensmitteln und Produkten entscheidet darüber, ob Menschen sie akzeptieren oder ablehnen. Wahrnehmung ist jedoch subjektiv und schwankt, qualitativ wie quantitativ. Ein Instrument für eine objektive Geruchsmessung ist die mehrdimensionale Gaschromatographie. Sie trennt und identifiziert geruchsaktive Verbindungen in komplexen Gemischen.
Cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal circulation after chorionic villous sampling
Authors: Di Tommaso Mariarosaria , Seravalli Viola , Salvianti Francesca , Bussani Cecilia , Pasquini Lucia , Cordisco Adalgisa , Pinzani Pamela 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to estimate whether chorionic villous sampling (CVS) causes a significant increase of cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal circulation.MethodFifty pregnant women with singleton pregnancy were recruited prior to CVS. Maternal peripheral blood was collected before and after CVS. A methylation‐sensitive restriction enzyme digestion was used to select the placental‐derived hypermethylated promoter of the RASSF1A gene in maternal plasma, thus differentiating cffDNA from mother's cell‐free DNA (cfDNA), where the RASSF1A gene is normally hypomethylated. Total cfDNA and cffDNA amounts were compared before and after CVS in each patient. Data were compared using the Student t‐test.ResultsNo significant difference before and after CVS was found between the following: (i) total cfDNA concentration in plasma (p = 0.695); (ii) cffDNA concentration in plasma (p = 0.612); and (iii) percentage of fetal DNA in plasma (p = 0.835). After dividing the cases on the basis of the sex of the fetus, maternal age, gestational age, number of pregnancies, position of the placenta, and presence of trisomy of the fetus, no difference in fetal and total DNA concentrations before and after CVS was observed.ConclusionThe CVS does not seem to significantly disrupt the maternal–placental interface, as no significant increase of cffDNA in maternal plasma following CVS was observed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH‐responsive polymers for imaging acidic biological environments in tumors
Authors: Zhu Liping , Smith Patrizia P. , Boyes Stephen G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFor many years researchers have understood the importance of the extracellular pH in solid tumors in relation to cancer morbidity and mortality. However current diagnostic imaging techniques do not allow for the non‐invasive determination of pH in vivo. Recent research in the use of pH‐responsive organic polymers for the preparation of imaging agents capable of imaging pH in vivo has demonstrated the tremendous potential of these materials in overcoming many of the problems associated with low molecular weight pH‐responsive imaging agents. This review will highlight these recent developments with a focus on the use of pH‐responsive polymers in the development of imaging agents for both fluorescent imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1062–1067
Location, Location? A Critical Examination of Patterns and Determinants of Internal Mobility Among Post‐accession Polish Migrants in the UK
Authors: Trevena Paulina , McGhee Derek , Heath Sue 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis article adds to literatures bridging the divide between internal and international migrations by investigating patterns of internal mobility following the international move of post‐accession Polish migrants to the UK. Our analysis is based on a large‐scale qualitative study carried out among 83 Polish migrants living in urban and rural locations in England and Scotland. We analyse the reasons behind their initial choice of location in the destination country and the propensity for subsequent internal mobility after arriving in the UK. We consider the role of family characteristics, migration channels, and time in the spatial moves the migrants undertake. In our analysis, we differentiate between residential mobility (which was generally very high among our study participants) and internal mobility (undertaken by one‐third of our sample). Our research findings indicate that migrants who arrive through recruitment agencies and do not have children (with them in Britain) are the most internally mobile, whereas those who arrive through personal networks (of family, friends, or acquaintances) and with (especially school‐age) children are the least likely to relocate after arriving in the UK. Moreover, it appears that migrants with families are more willing to make urban to rural moves, whereas young and childless migrants favour rural to urban relocations. Notably, the internal migration of some of our (childless) study participants was sometimes interspersed with short‐term return migration. Finally, the general propensity to move internally seems to decrease with time: once the migrants secure permanent employment and stable accommodation, they are less willing to uproot again. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silicon nanodot formation and self‐ordering under bombardment with heavy Bi3 ions
Authors: Böttger Roman , Heinig Karl‐Heinz , Bischoff Lothar , Liedke Bartosz , Hübner René , Pilz Wolfgang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSi nanodots of high density and hexagonal short‐range order are observed upon normal‐incidence bombardment of hot, crystalline Si with Bi3+ ions having a kinetic energy of a few tens of keV. The heights of nanodots are comparable to their widths of ∼20 nm. The implanted Bi accumulates in tiny Bi nanocrystals in a thin Si top layer which is amorphous due to implantation damage. Light and heavy ions up to Xe cause smoothing of surfaces, but Bi3+ ions considered here have a much higher mass. Atomistic simulations prove that each Bi3+impact deposits an extremely high energy density resulting in a several nanometer large melt pool, which resolidifies within a few hundreds of picoseconds. Experiments confirm that dot patterns form only if the deposited energy density exceeds the threshold for melting. Comparing monatomic and polyatomic Bi ion irradiation, Bi–Si phase separation and preferential ion erosion are ruled out as driving forces of pattern formation. A model based on capillary forces in the melt pool explains the pattern formation consistently.magnified imageHigh‐density Si nanodots are formed by polyatomic Bi ion irradiation of hot Si surfaces. Each impact causes local transient melt pools smaller than the dots. Hexagonally ordered patterns evolve by self‐organization driven by repeated ion‐induced melting of tiny volumes. Homogeneously distributed Bi nanocrystals are found in the a‐Si film. These nanocrystals are related to particularities of the Si–Bi phase diagram. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Emotional Control, Styles of Coping with Stress and Acceptance of Illness among Patients Suffering from Chronic Somatic Diseases
Authors: Janowski Konrad , Kurpas Donata , Kusz Joanna , Mroczek Bożena , Jedynak Tomasz 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of emotional control with sociodemographic and clinical variables in a sample of patients with a range of chronic somatic diseases. The relationships between emotional control, coping styles and adjustment to the disease were investigated. The sample consisted of 300 patients with the mean age of 54.60 ± 17.57 years. Courtauld Emotional Control Scale was used to measure the patients' tendency to suppress negative emotions, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations was used to measure coping styles and Acceptance of Illness Scale was applied to determine adjustment to the disease. Patients with neurological conditions showed significantly lower suppression of anger. Levels of emotional control were found to be related to gender, age and educational level but not to the place of residence. Task‐oriented style of coping with stress correlated positively with suppression of depression and anxiety, whereas acceptance of illness correlated negatively with suppression of anger. Levels of emotional control are only weakly related to the type of diagnosis; however, some clinical samples may show lower suppression of anger. Suppression of negative emotions is weakly related to adjustment indicators such as certain coping styles and acceptance of illness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Momentum broadening in weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma (with a view to finding the quasiparticles within liquid quark-gluon plasma)
Authors: D’Eramo Francesco , Lekaveckas Mindaugas , Liu Hong , Rajagopal Krishna 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe calculateP(k⊥), the probability distribution for an energetic parton that propagates for a distanceLthrough a medium without radiating to pick up transverse momentumk⊥, for a medium consisting of weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma. We use full or HTL self-energies in appropriate regimes, resumming each in order to find the leading large-Lbehavior. The jet quenching parameter$ \widehat{q} $is the second moment ofP(k⊥), and we compare our results to other determinations of this quantity in the literature, although we emphasize the importance of looking atP(k⊥) in its entirety. We compare our results forP(k⊥) in weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma to expectations from holographic calculations that assume a plasma that is strongly coupled at all length scales. We find that the shape ofP(k⊥) at modestk⊥may not be very different in weakly coupled and strongly coupled plasmas, but we find thatP(k⊥) must be parametricallylargerin a weakly coupled plasma than in a strongly coupled plasma — at large enoughk⊥. This means that by looking for rare (but not exponentially rare) large-angle deflections of the jet resulting from a parton produced initially back-to-back with a hard photon, experimentalists can find the weakly coupled short-distance quark and gluon quasiparticles within the strongly coupled liquid quark-gluon plasma produced in heavy ion collisions, much as Rutherford found nuclei within atoms or Friedman, Kendall and Taylor found quarks within nucleons.
Role of adjuvant surgery for patients with initially unresectable pancreatic cancer with a long‐term favorable response to non‐surgical anti‐cancer treatments: results of a project study for pancreatic surgery by the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery
Authors: Satoi Sohei , Yamaue Hiroki , Kato Kentaro , Takahashi Shinichiro , Hirono Seiko , Takeda Shin , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Sho Masayuki , Wada Keita , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Kwon A. Hon , Hirano Satoshi , Kinoshita Taira , Nakao Akimasa , Nagano Hiroaki , Nakajima Yoshiyuki , Sano Keiji , Miyazaki Masaru , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeA multicenter survey was conducted to explore the role of adjuvant surgery for initially unresectable pancreatic cancer with a long‐term favorable response to non‐surgical cancer treatments.MethodsClinical data including overall survival were retrospectively compared between 58 initially unresectable pancreatic cancer patients who underwent adjuvant surgery with a favorable response to non‐surgical cancer treatments over 6 months after the initial treatment and 101 patients who did not undergo adjuvant surgery because of either unchanged unresectability, a poor performance status, and/or the patients' or surgeons' wishes.ResultsOverall mortality and morbidity were 1.7 and 47 % in the adjuvant surgery group. The survival curve in the adjuvant surgery group was significantly better than in the control group (p < 0.0001). The propensity score analysis revealed that adjuvant surgery was a significant independent prognostic variable with an adjusted hazard ratio (95 % confidence interval) of 0.569 (0.36—0.89). Subgroup analysis according to the time from initial treatment to surgical resection showed a significant favorable difference in the overall survival in patients who underwent adjuvant surgery over 240 days after the initial treatment.ConclusionAdjuvant surgery for initially unresectable pancreatic cancer patients can be a safe and effective treatment. The overall survival rate from the initial treatment is extremely high, especially in patients who received non‐surgical anti‐cancer treatment for more than 240 days.
Identification of ta-siRNAs and Cis-nat-siRNAs in Cassava and Their Roles in Response to Cassava Bacterial Blight
Authors: Quintero Andrés , Pérez-Quintero Alvaro L. , López Camilo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs) and natural cis-antisense siRNAs (cis-nat-siRNAs) are recently discovered small RNAs (sRNAs) involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. ta-siRNAs are transcribed from genomic loci and require processing by microRNAs (miRNAs). cis-nat-siRNAs are derived from antisense RNAs produced by the simultaneous transcription of overlapping antisense genes. Their roles in many plant processes, including pathogen response, are mostly unknown. In this work, we employed a bioinformatic approach to identify ta-siRNAs and cis-nat-siRNAs in cassava from two sRNA libraries, one constructed from healthy cassava plants and one from plants inoculated with the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). A total of 54 possible ta-siRNA loci were identified in cassava, including a homolog of TAS3, the best studied plant ta-siRNA. Fifteen of these loci were induced, while 39 were repressed in response to Xam infection. In addition, 15 possible cis-natural antisense transcript (cis-NAT) loci producing siRNAs were identified from overlapping antisense regions in the genome, and were found to be differentially expressed upon Xam infection. Roles of sRNAs were predicted by sequence complementarity and our results showed that many sRNAs identified in this work might be directed against various transcription factors. This work represents a significant step toward understanding the roles of sRNAs in the immune response of cassava.
Clinical study on anti‐fungal drug activity against clinically isolated strains of oral Candida species
Authors: Kamikawa Yoshiaki , Nagayama Tomohiro , Fujisaki Junichi , Hirabayashi Daisuke , Kawasaki Kiyotsugu , Hamada Tomofumi , Mori Youichiro , Kamikawa Yasuko , Mukai Hiroshi , Sato Tomoaki , Sugihara Kazumasa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti‐fungal activity of amphotericin B (AMPH‐B), flucytosine (5‐FC), fluconazole (FLCZ), miconazole (MCZ), itraconazole (ITCZ), and micafungin (MCFG) against clinically isolated Candida strains from oral candidiasis (OC) patients and to collect information useful for the treatment of OC.Subjects and methods: The study includes 116 strains of Candida isolated from patients. The Candida species were identified by polymerase chain reaction. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each drug against each Candida species was determined.Results: Of the 106 participants (30 males and 76 females), 57 had OC, including 42 cases of pseudomembranous OC, 11 cases of erythematous OC, 2 cases of hypertrophic OC, and 2 cases of mixed pseudomembranous/erythematous OC. The Candida species isolated were Candida albicans (93 strains), C. glabrata (19 strains), and C. tropicalis (4 strains). AMPH‐B and 5‐FC had low MIC values against all species of Candida and a low incidence of resistance development. In some species of Candida, FLCZ and ITCZ showed high MICs, but MCZ had a low MIC value. AMPH‐B, MCZ, and ITCZ prescribed to OC patients were effective against OC with respect to alleviation of OC symptoms.Conclusion: MIC values of anti‐fungal drugs against Candida strains isolated from OC patients were obtained and the 3 anti‐fungal drugs given to OC patients were found to be effective against OC in spite of differences in their MIC values and in the number of resistant strains (or strains with a high MIC value).
Simulations of turbulent channels with prescribed velocity profiles
Authors: Tuerke Florian , Jiménez Javier 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDirect numerical simulations of turbulent channels with artificially prescribed velocity profiles are discussed, using both natural and purposely incorrect profiles. It is found that turbulence develops correctly when natural profiles are prescribed, but that even slightly incorrect ones modify the Reynolds stresses substantially. That is used to study the dynamics of the energy-containing velocity fluctuations. The stronger (weaker) structures generated by locally stronger (weaker) mean shears have essentially correct isotropy coefficients but they are out of energy equilibrium, with the energy imbalance compensated by turbulent diffusion. The velocity scale in smooth profiles changes with the distance to the wall, and is best described by a friction velocity derived from the local total tangential stress. The behaviour across sharper shear jumps is more consistent with non-equilibrium eddies that relax over wall-normal distances of the order of the distance to the wall, suggesting that the energy equilibrium in the logarithmic layer is not local to a given height, but applies to extended layers homogenized by wall-normal fluxes. Examples of that non-local character are the large-scale inactive fluctuations near the wall, whose velocities do not scale with the local shear stress, but with that of their active ‘cores’ farther away from the wall.
On super free fall
Authors: Torres A. , Medina A. , Higuera F. J. , Weidman P. D. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVillermaux & Pomeau (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 642, 2010, p. 147) analysed the motion of the interface of an inviscid liquid column released from rest in a vertical tube whose area expands gradually downwards, with application to an inverted conical container for which experimental measurements were carried out. An error in the analysis is found and corrected in the present investigation, which provides the new governing equation for the super-accelerated interface motion down gradually varying tubes in general, and integrated results for interface trajectories, velocities and accelerations down a conical tube in particular. Interestingly, the error does not affect any of the conclusions given in the 2010 paper. Further new results are reported here such as the equation governing the centre of mass and proof that the end point acceleration is exactly that of gravity.
Numerical study of radiative opacity for carbon and aluminum plasmas produced by high power pulsed lasers
Authors: Mahdieh Mohammad Hossein , Hosseinzadeh Sahar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the opacity of plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium condition was investigated numerically. The plasma was assumed to be produced by interaction of high power pulse laser with carbon and aluminum. Spectrally resolved opacities under different plasma temperature and density conditions were calculated and radiative absorption due to three absorption mechanisms; inverse bremsstrahlung, photo-ionization, and line absorption in plasmas was studied numerically. The purpose of this study is to calculate the values of absorption for inverse bremsstrahlung and photo-ionization processes for aluminum and carbon plasmas and to compare them for those of cold matter. In this investigation, the influences of density and temperature on plasma absorption were evaluated. The calculation results show that the opacity strength strongly depends on the plasma temperature and density.
The range of English spelling
Authors: Shipley J. B. 
Published: May 2013

There is nothing innately funny or humorous about English spelling, though its vagaries have lent themselves to efforts in that way:
Hints on Pronunciation for ForeignersI take it you already know of tough and bough and cough and dough?Others may stumble but not youOn hiccough, thorough, laugh and through.Beware of heard, a dreadful wordThat looks like beard, and sounds like bird…
[from a letter by J. Bland published in the London Sunday Times, Jan. 3, 1965; cited by Chomsky (1970) and by Adams (1990)]