bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Contribution of Mammography Screening to Breast Cancer Incidence Trends in the United States: An Updated Age–Period–Cohort Model
Authors: Gangnon Ronald E. , Sprague Brian L. , Stout Natasha K. , Alagoz Oguz , Weedon-Fekjær Harald , Holford Theodore R. , Trentham-Dietz Amy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Background: The impact of screening mammography on breast cancer incidence is difficult to disentangle from cohort- and age-related effects on incidence.
Methods: We developed an age–period–cohort model of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer incidence in U.S. females using cancer registry data. Five functions were included in the model to estimate stage-specific effects for age, premenopausal birth cohorts, postmenopausal birth cohorts, period (for all years of diagnosis), and a mammography period effect limited to women ages ≥40 years after 1982. Incidence with and without the mammography period effect was calculated.
Results: More recent birth cohorts have elevated underlying risk compared with earlier cohorts for both pre- and postmenopausal women. Comparing models with and without the mammography period effect showed that overall breast cancer incidence would have been 23.1% lower in the absence of mammography in 2010 (95% confidence intervals, 18.8–27.4), including 14.7% (9.5–19.3) lower for invasive breast cancer and 54.5% (47.4–59.6) lower for DCIS. Incidence of distant-staged breast cancer in 2010 would have been 29.0% (13.1–48.1) greater in the absence of mammography screening.
Conclusions: Mammography contributes to markedly elevated rates of DCIS and early-stage invasive cancers, but also contributes to substantial reductions in the incidence of metastatic breast cancer.
Impact: Mammography is an important tool for reducing the burden of breast cancer, but future work is needed to identify risk factors accounting for increasing underlying incidence and to distinguish between indolent and potentially lethal early-stage breast cancers that are detected via mammography. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(6); 905–12. ©2015 AACR.
SIRT1/PGC1α-Dependent Increase in Oxidative Phosphorylation Supports Chemotherapy Resistance of Colon Cancer
Authors: Vellinga Thomas T. , Borovski Tijana , de Boer Vincent C.J. , Fatrai Szabolcs , van Schelven Susanne , Trumpi Kari , Verheem Andre , Snoeren Nikol , Emmink Benjamin L. , Koster Jan , Rinkes Inne H.M. Borel , Kranenburg Onno 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Chemotherapy treatment of metastatic colon cancer ultimately fails due to development of drug resistance. Identification of chemotherapy-induced changes in tumor biology may provide insight into drug resistance mechanisms.
Experimental Design: We studied gene expression differences between groups of liver metastases that were exposed to preoperative chemotherapy or not. Multiple patient-derived colonosphere cultures were used to assess how chemotherapy alters energy metabolism by measuring mitochondrial biomass, oxygen consumption, and lactate production. Genetically manipulated colonosphere-initiated tumors were used to assess how altered energy metabolism affects chemotherapy efficacy.
Results: Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mitochondrial biogenesis in metastases that were exposed to chemotherapy. This suggested chemotherapy induces a shift in tumor metabolism from glycolysis towards OXPHOS. Indeed, chemotreatment of patient-derived colonosphere cultures resulted in an increase of mitochondrial biomass, increased expression of respiratory chain enzymes, and higher rates of oxygen consumption. This was mediated by the histone deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and its substrate, the transcriptional coactivator PGC1α. Knockdown of SIRT1 or PGC1α prevented chemotherapy-induced OXPHOS and significantly sensitized patient-derived colonospheres as well as tumor xenografts to chemotherapy.
Conclusions: Chemotherapy of colorectal tumors induces a SIRT1/PGC1α-dependent increase in OXPHOS that promotes tumor survival during treatment. This phenomenon is also observed in chemotherapy-exposed resected liver metastases, strongly suggesting that chemotherapy induces long-lasting changes in tumor metabolism that potentially interfere with drug efficacy. In conclusion, we propose a novel mechanism of chemotherapy resistance that may be clinically relevant and therapeutically exploitable. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2870–9. ©2015 AACR.
Prevention of dipyrone (metamizole) induced inhibition of aspirin antiplatelet effects
Authors: Richter Stefan , Schrör Karsten , Rassaf Tienush , Merx Marc W. , Kelm Malte , Hohlfeld Thomas , Zeus Tobias , Polzin Amin 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe have recently shown that dipyrone (metamizole), a non-opioid analgesic, can nullify aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) antiplatelet effects in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In this study, we analysed the aspirin and dipyrone drug-drug interaction in order to identify strategies to prevent the dipyrone induced inhibition of asprin antiplatelet effects. Platelet function was measured by arachidonic acid-induced light-transmission aggregometry, thromboxane (TX) B2–formation by immunoassay. Dipyrone metabolite plasma levels were determined by high-performance-liquid-chromatography (HPLC). In seven healthy individuals, in vitro ASA (30 μM/ 100 μM/ 300 μM/ 1,000 μM) and dipyrone (10 μM) coincubation revealed, that the aspirin and dipyrone interaction can be overcome by increasing doses of aspirin. In 36 aspirin and dipyrone comedicated CAD patients, addition of ASA (30 μM/ 100 μM) in vitro inhibited, but did not completely overcome the dipyrone induced reduction of aspirin antiplatelet effects. Notably, the inhibition of thromboxane formation in aspirin and dipyrone comedicated CAD patients coincided with dipyrone plasma levels. In a cross-over designed study in four healthy individuals, we were able to prove that inhibition of aspirin (100 mg/ day) effects by dipyrone (750 mg/ day) was reversible. Furthermore, aspirin (100 mg/ day) medication prior to dipyrone (750 mg/ day) intake prevented the inhibition of antiplatelet effects by dipyrone in 12 healthy individuals. In conclusion, aspirin medication prior to dipyrone intake preserves antiplatelet effects, circumventing the pharmacodynamic drug-drug interaction at the level of cyclooxygenase-1.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT01402804; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01402804.
Platonismo e aristotelismo a confronto sulla dialettica nel prologo degli «Scolî» di Proclo al «Cratilo»: riprese plotiniane e punti di convergenza con Siriano ed Ermia alla scuola platonica di Atene nel V sec. d. C.
Authors: Longo Angela 
Published: March 2015

In his commentary on Plato’sCratylus, Proclus (5th centuryad) interprets the dialogue not as a mere work on logic or linguistics, but as having a full psychological and theological import.Late ancient Platonists had already proposed a similar reading for another Platonic dialogue,i.e.theParmenides. In that case too they rejected the logical interpretation, and aimed to find in the text the description of the hierarchy of reality, particularly of the highest beings. As a result, theParmenideswas seen as the accomplished expression of Plato’s theology.Proclus too draws a comparison between theCratylusand theParmenidesin order to stress their theological significance. He also contrasts Plato’s dialectic (which he considers as a synthesis of logic and ontology/theology) with Aristotle’s dialectic (which he sees as mere logic). Proclus’ interpretation of dialectic is best understood if it is compared to the doctrines of his master Syrianus and of one of his co-disciples,i.e.Hermeias, at the Platonic school of Athens in the 5th centuryad.Contrary to what is sometimes assumed, in this milieu Platonists were not always committed to the task of reconciling the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle. As it happens, they could (following Plotinus’ example) strongly disagree with and even attack Aristotle, and side with Plato. In particular, they greatly valued Plato’s dialectic, which they viewed as the correct form of reasoning and at the same time as a theory of the utmost theological significance. On the other hand, Aristotle’s dialectic was considered as “bare” logic,i.e.as a mere set of logical rules and arguments with no specific contents.On the basis of a problematicCratylus’passage Proclus defends a theory of truth according to which not only propositions, but also names can be true or false. This allows him to view names as substitutes of propositions. This is particularly the case in the application of the four dialectical methods of definition, division, demonstration and analysis. Proclus’ approach arguably provides a basis—to pagan as well as Christian tradition—for the study of divine names as a part of theology, for the name of a god is held to reveal its attributes.
Recent California Water Year Precipitation Deficits: A 440-Year Perspective*
Authors: Diaz Henry F. , Wahl Eugene R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
An analysis of the October 2013–September 2014 precipitation in the western United States and in particular over the California–Nevada region suggests this anomalously dry season, while extreme, is not unprecedented in comparison with the approximately 120-yr-long instrumental record of water year (WY; October–September) totals and in comparison with a 407-yr WY precipitation reconstruction dating back to 1571. Over this longer period, nine other years are known or estimated to have been nearly as dry or drier than WY 2014. The 3-yr deficit for WYs 2012–14, which in California exceeded the annual mean precipitation, is more extreme but also not unprecedented, occurring three other times over the past approximate 440 years in the reconstruction. WY precipitation has also been deficient on average for the past 14 years, and such a run of predominantly dry WYs is also a rare occurrence in the authors’ merged reconstructed plus instrumental period record.
Deafness Gene Variations in a 1120 Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss Cohort
Authors: Nishio Shin-ya , Usami Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: To elucidate the molecular epidemiology of hearing loss in a large number of Japanese patients analyzed using massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) of target genes. Methods: We performed MPS of target genes using the Ion PGM system with the Ion AmpliSeq and HiSeq 2000 systems using SureSelect in 1389 samples (1120 nonsyndromic hearing loss cases and 269 normal hearing controls). We filtered the variants identified using allele frequencies in a large number of controls and 12 predication program scores. Results: We identified 8376 kinds of variants in the 1389 samples, and 409 835 total variants were detected. After filtering the variants, we selected 2631 kinds of candidate variants. The number of GJB2 mutations was exceptionally high among these variants, followed by those in CDH23, SLC26A4, MYO15A, COL11A2, MYO7A, and OTOF. Conclusions: We performed a large number of MPS analyses and clarified the genetic background of Japanese patients with hearing loss. This data set will be a powerful tool to discover rare causative gene mutations in highly heterogeneous monogenic diseases and reveal the genetic epidemiology of deafness.
Periorbital necrotising fasciitis in infants: Presentation and management of six cases
Authors: Khurana Saurbhi , Pushker Neelam , Naik Sreedhara S , Changole Milind Devidas , Ghonsikar Vishnukant , Bajaj Mandeep 
Published: March 2015

Purpose To present the clinical features and management of infants presenting with periorbital necrotising fasciitis (NF). Methods Retrospective case series. Results Six children were studied. The age at presentation was in the range of 5–11 months (median, 8 months). All children presented with acute onset eyelid inflammation and necrosis with fever, lethargy and poor oral intake. The management included intravenous antibiotics and repeated surgical debridement. The infection healed by 2–3 weeks in all cases, resulting in cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. Full thickness skin grafting (with a Hughes tarso-conjunctival graft in one child) was performed in all patients at 3–5 weeks subsequently. Repeat surgery was required in three children. Adequate globe coverage and cosmesis was achieved in five children. Conclusion NF of eyelids is a potentially fatal infection that requires urgent and vigorous management and heals with sequelae that may need more than one surgical intervention over a period of time. Adequate cosmetic and functional outcomes can be achieved.
Assessment of the Potential Ototoxicity of High‐Dose Celecoxib, a Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor, in Rats
Authors: Li Bei , Su Kaiming , Yang Guang , Feng Yanmei , Xia Li , Yin Shankai 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential ototoxicity of high‐dose celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor.Study DesignProspective animal study.SettingLaboratory.MethodsTwenty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups for hearing and tinnitus tests, respectively. The auditory brain‐stem response (ABR) and the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) were used as indicators of hearing loss and tinnitus, respectively, and were measured before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after administration of celecoxib (2 g/kg) via gavage.ResultsABR threshold and wave III latencies did not increase significantly at any frequency following celecoxib administration, at any time point (P >. 05). GPIAS remained below 30% after celecoxib, from a baseline of 20.03% ± 3.62%; no change was significant.ConclusionHigh‐dose celecoxib (2 g/kg), a selective COX‐2 inhibitor, did not cause hearing loss or tinnitus in Sprague Dawley rats within 48 hours of administration. Further studies are needed to explore the roles played by COX‐related mechanisms when nonselective COX inhibitors induce ototoxicity.
Self-help relaxation for post-stroke anxiety: a randomised, controlled pilot study
Authors: Golding Katherine , Kneebone Ian , Fife-Schaw Chris 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To consider relaxation as a potential treatment for anxiety in stroke survivors living in the community, including feasibility and acceptability. Design: Randomised two group design (intervention and control). Participants: All participants ( n = 21) were stroke survivors living in the community who reported experiencing anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - Anxiety Subscale ⩾ 6). Interventions: The intervention group were asked to listen to a self-help autogenic relaxation CD, five times a week, for at least one month. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at screening and then monthly for three months. Results: At each assessment following screening, participants who received the relaxation training were significantly more likely to report reduced anxiety compared to those who had not received the training (Month 1 P = 0.002; Month 2 P < 0.001; Month 3 P = 0.001). After one month, seven of the intervention group ( n = 10) had completed the relaxation training as directed and planned to continue using it. The intervention appeared practical to deliver and relatively inexpensive, with minimal adverse effects. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence suggests that autogenic relaxation training delivered in a self-help CD format is a feasible and acceptable intervention, and that anxiety is reduced in stroke survivors who received the intervention. Future studies should seek to recruit a larger and more heterogeneous sample of 70 participants.
The effectiveness of a neck and shoulder stretching exercise program among office workers with neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tunwattanapong Punjama , Kongkasuwan Ratcharin , Kuptniratsaikul Vilai 
Published: March 2015

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of neck and shoulder stretching exercises for relief neck pain among office workers. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: An outpatient setting. Participants: A total of 96 subjects with moderate-to-severe neck pain (visual analogue score ⩾5/10) for ⩾3 months. Interventions: All participants received an informative brochure indicating the proper position and ergonomics to be applied during daily work. The treatment group received the additional instruction to perform neck and around shoulder stretching exercises two times/day, five days/week during four weeks. Main outcomes: Pain, neck functions, and quality of life were evaluated at baseline and week 4 using pain visual analogue scale, Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire, and Short Form-36, respectively. Results: Both groups had comparable baseline data. All outcomes were improved significantly from baseline. When compared between groups, the magnitude of improvement was significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group (–1.4; 95% CI: –2.2, –0.7 for visual analogue scale; –4.8; 95% CI: –9.3, –0.4 for Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire; and 14.0; 95% CI: 7.1, 20.9 for physical dimension of the Short Form-36). Compared with the patients who performed exercises <3 times/week, those who exercised ⩾3 times/week yielded significantly greater improvement in neck function and physical dimension of quality of life scores ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusion: A regular stretching exercise program performed for four weeks can decrease neck and shoulder pain and improve neck function and quality of life for office workers who have chronic moderate-to-severe neck or shoulder pain.
Endovascular Treatment of an Aortic Aneurysm Ruptured into the Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Umscheid Thomas , Stelter Wolf-J. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To report the endovascular repair of a rare abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture into the inferior vena cava. Methods and Results: A 74-year-old man with a 6.0-cm saccular aortic aneurysm and a previously undiagnosed aortocaval fistula of more than 2 weeks' duration was treated successfully with a Vanguard bifurcated stent-graft. The aneurysm was excluded and no endoleak or communication between the aorta and inferior vena cava was seen on computed tomographic imaging at the 6-month evaluation. Conclusions: Aortic endografting in this life-threatening complication is an effective treatment option that avoids the significant blood loss encountered in conventional repair.
Slimgraft: A Percutaneous Endovascular Graft System
Authors: Kerr Andrew , Marsan Ben , Lyon Ross 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To describe an in vitro feasibility trial of a new percutaneous endograft delivery technique. Methods and Results: A water flow model of 9-mm (inner diameter) transparent plastic tubing was used to test the feasibility of sequentially delivering the components of an endograft through a 7-F sheath for assembly in situ. The tubular endovascular graft was fabricated from a 10-mm × 68-mm Wallstent and 50-μm-thick Dacron graft. The graft material was formed into a tube, attached with a suture to a guidewire, and delivered into the plastic tubing. The Wallstent was then delivered through the tubular graft and deployed, affixing the graft to the plastic tube wall. In 4 trials, only 1 attempt was not successful. Conclusions: These concepts and techniques may have implications in the development of percutaneously deliverable endovascular grafts.
Malpositioned or Dislocated Aortic Endoprostheses: Repositioning Using Percutaneous Pull-Down Maneuvers
Authors: Görich Johannes , Krämer Stefan , Rilinger Norbert , Sokiranski Roman , Sunder-Plassmann Ludger , Pamler Reinhard , Kapfer Xaver 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To present the capabilities and potential complications of 2 percutaneous techniques for repositioning malpositioned or dislodged aortic endografts. Methods: Seven male patients (median age 67.9 years, range 59 to 78) required correction of misplaced or dislocated endografts in the thoracic (n = 1) or infrarenal abdominal aorta (n = 6). In 1 patient, an infrarenal bifurcated stent-graft was mistakenly deployed across a renal artery; repositioning was accomplished by tugging caudally on a guidewire placed across the endograft bifurcation and exteriorized from both femoral arteries. An inflated balloon catheter was used to reposition 3 dislocated aortic devices (1 thoracic, 2 infrarenal) and 3 iliac graft limbs that had disconnected from the main graft body 6 to 12 months after implantation. Results: Repositioning maneuvers were successful in all cases, with the devices being moved from 5 to 27 mm (median 7.8 mm). There were no procedure-related complications. Conclusions: Nonsurgical repositioning of misplaced aortic prostheses is technically feasible in individual cases. The risk associated with the procedure, however, cannot yet be evaluated.
Osteomyelitis of the Spine and Abscess Formation in the Left Thigh after Stent-Graft Implantation in the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Brodmann Marianne , Stark Gerhard , Pabst Edmund , Lueger Andreas , Tiesenhausen Kurt , Szolar Dieter , Pilger Ernst 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To present a rare case of abscess formation around a covered stent in the superficial femoral artery. Methods and Results: Two weeks after balloon dilation of a left superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion, during which a Hemobahn covered stent had been placed to treat dissection, a 77-year-old nondiabetic male developed intolerable pain and swelling of his left thigh. An abscess had formed around the stent, which was patent; intravenous antibiotic therapy quelled the symptoms, and the patient discontinued his oral antibiotic regimen weeks after discharge. General septicemia ensued. Acute lower limb ischemia and excruciating back pain prompted readmission. The SFA stent-graft occlusion required femoropopliteal bypass; the abscess and spondylodiskitis that had developed in the T12 and L1 vertebrae responded to intravenous antibiotics. The patient is without signs of infection at 6 months. Conclusions: Local and systemic infections associated with intraluminal prostheses are rare, and prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not commonly employed. Balloon- or device-induced arterial injury may expose the arterial wall to bacterial colonization, suggesting that patients receiving lengthy stents or experiencing arterial injury during angioplasty should receive antibiotics as a precautionary measure.