bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmisión de valores en adolescentes: un análisis con videojuegos
Authors: Sinde Martínez Jon , Medrano Samaniego María Concepción , Martínez de Morentín Juan Ignacio 
Published: March 2015

Los videojuegos, del mismo modo que ocurre con otros muchos productos audiovisuales, son una herramienta mediante la cual es posible transmitir contenidos de todo tipo. No obstante, si bien las utilidades educativas, de este medio de comunicación, han sido estudiadas en diferentes investigaciones, la transmisión de valores no ha sido analizada en profundidad. Metodología: Se ha realizado un estudio correlacional, para lo cual se ha utilizado un cuestionario con el fin de conocer los hábitos de uso de videojuegos de una población (N=110) de adolescentes. Se ha llevado a cabo, también, un análisis de contenidos de los videojuegos más utilizados por los participantes en esta investigación Resultados y conclusiones: Se ha comprobado que existen diferencias de uso de videojuegos entre la población adolescente masculina y femenina, aunque no ha sido posible confirmar esas diferencias según la edad. Así mismo, se ha verificado que los videojuegos son, efectivamente, transmisores de valores y se ha detallado cuáles son esos valores que transmiten.
EFFECT OF PLASTICIZER EXTRACTION BY JET FUEL ON A NITRILE HOSE COMPOUND
Authors: Pazur Richard J. , Kennedy T. A. C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Seven ester plasticizers were evaluated in a reference acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) fuel hose compound with respect to extractability resistance to jet fuel. Plasticizers differed primarily in chemical structure (polarity) and molecular weight (monomeric vs polymeric). Plasticizer addition led to lower viscosity, maximum torque, modulus, tensile strength, and enhanced low temperature properties. Exposure to jet fuel caused plasticizer extraction resulting in compound softening due to absorption of the aromatic components in the fuel. The glass transition temperature shifted toward lower temperatures. Extraction resistance is enhanced by optimizing polymer–plasticizer compatibility and by using a higher molecular weight plasticizer. The use of the polymeric plasticizer A-8600 lowers the loss of other fugitive plasticizers, indicating the presence of specific plasticizer–plasticizer interactions. Of the monomeric and polymeric plasticizers, trioctyl trimellitate and A-8600, respectively, display the best combination of plasticizing ability and extraction resistance.
‘Resistance Through Rituals’, ‘Policing the Crisis’ and the present conjuncture
Authors: Jefferson Tony 
Published: March 2015

‘Resistance Through Rituals’, ‘Policing the Crisis’ and the present conjuncture
This article deals with three questions. What did resistance mean in the 1970s and what does it mean today? Have the rituals of resistance changed over time? What is the status today of moral panic theory? These questions directly refer to ‘Resistance Through Rituals’ (1976) and ‘Policing the Crisis’ (1978). For that reason, one of the authors answers these key questions in a contemporary framework of hegemony, security and neoliberal politics, and points to the continuing relevance of the political and critical tradition of British cultural studies.
El potencial de las bacterias purpuras no sulfurosas (BPNS) en la producción biológica de hidrógeno
Authors: García-López Daniel A , De Philippis Roberto , Olguín E.J. 
Published: March 2015

Resumen
La actual problemática ambiental y energética causada por el uso de combustibles fósiles ha hecho necesario valorar energías alternas como el hidrógeno. Los bioprocesos son una opción para la producción de este energético, y dentro de éstos, la fotofermentación o fotodescomposición de compuestos orgánicos de bajo peso molecular por bacterias púrpuras no sulfurosas (BPNS) destaca por su potencial de aprovechar la energía de la luz y de ácidos orgánicos durante el proceso denominado fotofermentación que produce hidrógeno mediante la enzima nitrogenasa. En la presente revisión se abordan generalidades de las BPNS, se describe el mecanismo por el que producen hidrógeno y finalmente se abordan los principales retos para lograr mayores rendimientos para producir hidrógeno en BPNS.
Crime and Police Personnel in Malaysia: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Habibullah Muzafar Shah , Baharom A.H. , Muhamad Suriyani 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The economic theory on crime behavior proposed by Becker (1968) suggests that an increase in the number of policemen can deter crimes. However, recent studies found a positive relationship between police personnel and crime rates. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of police personnel on 15 categories of crime rates in Malaysia for the period of 1973 to 2005 by using the vector error-correction model. Our results suggest that 8 categories of crime rates support Becker’s crime economic theory, while 6 categories of crime support the ‘long-run natural rate of crime’ hypothesis.
The 2012 Mw 8.6 Wharton Basin sequence: A cascade of great earthquakes generated by near‐orthogonal, young, oceanic mantle faults
Authors: Hill Emma M. , Yue Han , Barbot Sylvain , Lay Thorne , Tapponnier Paul , Hermawan Iwan , Hubbard Judith , Banerjee Paramesh , Feng Lujia , Natawidjaja Danny , Sieh Kerry 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe improve constraints on the slip distribution and geometry of faults involved in the complex, multisegment, Mw 8.6 April 2012 Wharton Basin earthquake sequence by joint inversion of high‐rate GPS data from the Sumatran GPS Array (SuGAr), teleseismic observations, source time functions from broadband surface waves, and far‐field static GPS displacements. This sequence occurred under the Indian Ocean, ∼400 km offshore Sumatra. The events are extraordinary for their unprecedented rupture of multiple cross faults, deep slip, large strike‐slip magnitude, and potential role in the formation of a discrete plate boundary between the Indian and Australian plates. The SuGAr recorded static displacements of up to ∼22 cm, along with time‐varying arrivals from the complex faulting, which indicate that the majority of moment release was on young, WNW trending, right‐lateral faults, counter to initial expectations that an old, lithospheric, NNE trending fracture zone played the primary role. The new faults are optimally oriented to accommodate the present‐day stress field. Not only was the greatest moment released on the younger faults, but it was these that sustained very deep slip and high stress drop (>20 MPa). The rupture may have extended to depths of up to 60 km, suggesting that the oceanic lithosphere in the northern Wharton Basin may be cold and strong enough to sustain brittle failure at such depths. Alternatively, the rupture may have occurred with an alternative weakening mechanism, such as thermal runaway.
Morphological, structural, and spectral characteristics of amorphous iron sulfates
Authors: Sklute E. C. , Jensen H. B. , Rogers A. D. , Reeder R. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCurrent or past brine hydrologic activity on Mars may provide suitable conditions for the formation of amorphous ferric sulfates. Once formed, these phases would likely be stable under current Martian conditions, particularly at low‐ to mid‐latitudes. Therefore, we consider amorphous iron sulfates (AIS) as possible components of Martian surface materials. Laboratory AIS were created through multiple synthesis routes and characterized with total X‐ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, visible/near‐infrared (VNIR), thermal infrared (TIR), and Mössbauer techniques. We synthesized amorphous ferric sulfates (Fe(III)2(SO4)3 · ~ 6–8H2O) from sulfate‐saturated fluids via vacuum dehydration or exposure to low relative humidity (<11%). Amorphous ferrous sulfate (Fe(II)SO4 · ~ 1H2O) was synthesized via vacuum dehydration of melanterite. All AIS lack structural order beyond 11 Å. The short‐range (<5 Å) structural characteristics of amorphous ferric sulfates resemble all crystalline reference compounds; structural characteristics for the amorphous ferrous sulfate are similar to but distinct from both rozenite and szomolnokite. VNIR and TIR spectral data for all AIS display broad, muted features consistent with structural disorder and are spectrally distinct from all crystalline sulfates considered for comparison. Mössbauer spectra are also distinct from crystalline phase spectra available for comparison. AIS should be distinguishable from crystalline sulfates based on the position of their Fe‐related absorptions in the visible range and their spectral characteristics in the TIR. In the NIR, bands associated with hydration at ~1.4 and 1.9 µm are significantly broadened, which greatly reduces their detectability in soil mixtures. AIS may contribute to the amorphous fraction of soils measured by the Curiosity rover.
Clumped isotope perturbation in tropospheric nitrous oxide from stratospheric photolysis
Authors: Schmidt Johan A. , Johnson Matthew S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is potent greenhouse gas and source of ozone depleting NO to the stratosphere. Recent advances in mass spectrometry allow accurate measurement of multiply substituted (“clumped”) N2O isotopocules, providing new constraints on the N2O source budget. However, this requires a quantification of the “clumped” N2O fractionation from stratospheric photolysis (main sink). We use time‐dependent quantum dynamics and a 1‐D atmospheric model to determine the effect of stratospheric photolysis on the abundances of multisubstituted N2O isotopocules in the atmosphere. The ultraviolet absorption cross sections of 557 (i.e., 15N15N17O), 458, 548, 457, and 547 are presented for the first time and used to derive altitude‐dependent photolysis rates and fractionation constants. We find that photolysis alters the N2O isotopic composition with multisubstituted mass 47 isotopocules being less abundant than expected from stochastics (Δ47 = −1.7‰ in the troposphere and down to −12‰ in the upper stratosphere).
The seasonal cycle of ocean‐atmosphere CO2 flux in Ryder Bay, west Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Legge Oliver J. , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Johnson Martin T. , Meredith Michael P. , Venables Hugh J. , Brown Peter J. , Lee Gareth A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractApproximately 15 million km2 of the Southern Ocean is seasonally ice covered, yet the processes affecting carbon cycling and gas exchange in this climatically important region remain inadequately understood. Here, 3 years of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measurements and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from Ryder Bay on the west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) are presented. During spring and summer, primary production in the surface ocean promotes atmospheric CO2 uptake. In winter, higher DIC, caused by net heterotrophy and vertical mixing with Circumpolar Deep Water, results in outgassing of CO2 from the ocean. Ryder Bay is found to be a net sink of atmospheric CO2 of 0.90–1.39 mol Cm−2 yr−1 (average of 3 years). Seasonal sea ice cover modifies the net annual CO2 uptake, but its effect on gas exchange remains poorly constrained. A reduction in sea ice on the WAP shelf may reduce the strength of the oceanic CO2 sink in this region.
Metapopulation capacity of evolving fluvial landscapes
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Rodriguez‐Iturbe Ignacio , Rinaldo Andrea 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe form of fluvial landscapes is known to attain stationary network configurations that settle in dynamically accessible minima of total energy dissipation by landscape‐forming discharges. Recent studies have highlighted the role of the dendritic structure of river networks in controlling population dynamics of the species they host and large‐scale biodiversity patterns. Here, we systematically investigate the relation between energy dissipation, the physical driver for the evolution of river networks, and the ecological dynamics of their embedded biota. To that end, we use the concept of metapopulation capacity, a measure to link landscape structures with the population dynamics they host. Technically, metapopulation capacity is the leading eigenvalueλMof an appropriate “landscape” matrix subsuming whether a given species is predicted to persist in the long run.λMcan conveniently be used to rank different landscapes in terms of their capacity to support viable metapopulations. We study howλMchanges in response to the evolving network configurations of spanning trees. Such sequence of configurations is theoretically known to relate network selection to general landscape evolution equations through imperfect searches for dynamically accessible states frustrated by the vagaries of Nature. Results show that the process shaping the metric and the topological properties of river networks, prescribed by physical constraints, leads to a progressive increase in the corresponding metapopulation capacity and therefore on the landscape capacity to support metapopulations—with implications on biodiversity in fluvial ecosystems.
Nitrative Spirocyclization Mediated by TEMPO: Synthesis of Nitrated Spirocycles from N‐Arylpropiolamides, tert‐Butyl Nitrite and Water
Authors: Yang Xu‐Heng , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Wei Wen‐Ting , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new method for the nitrative spirocyclization of alkynes is described. This method involves the oxidative difunctionalization of alkynes initiated by a radical attack pathway using t‐BuONO (tert‐butyl nitrite) combined with water as the nitro source and TEMPO [(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐yl)oxyl] as the initiator, and it represents a new example of oxidative alkyne difunctionalization via the formation of CN/CC bonds for the assembly of nitroalkene unit‐containing spirocycles.magnified image
Nickel‐Catalyzed Reductive Benzylation of Aldehydes with Benzyl Halides and Pseudohalides
Authors: Panahi Farhad , Bahmani Marzieh , Iranpoor Nasser 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe reductive benzylation of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes with benzylic halides is reported using a nickel/zinc catalyst system. In addition to benzylic halides, the first report on the addition of benzylic triflates, acetates, tosylates and tritylates to aldehydes is also presented. By this new method a range of alcohols was synthesized efficiently from aldehydes and benzylic substrates at room temperature in moderate to high yields. The mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance make this nickel‐catalyzed process synthetically useful for the synthesis of diverse benzylic alcohols.magnified image
Metal Bridging for Directing and Accelerating Electron Transfer as Exemplified by Harnessing the Reactivity of AIBN
Authors: Xie Yinjun , Guo Shengmei , Wu Longmin , Xia Chungu , Huang Hanmin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA new strategy for tuning the electron transfer between radicals and enolates has been developed. This method elicits the innate reactivity of AIBN with a copper catalyst and enables a cascade reaction with cinnamic acids. Electron paramagnetic resonance studies and control experiments indicate that the redox‐active copper species not only activates the radical by coordination, but also serves as a bridge to bring the radical and nucleophile within close proximity to facilitate electron transfer. By exploiting possible combinations of redox‐active metals and radical entities with suitable coordinating functional groups, this strategy should contribute to the development of a broad range of radical‐based reactions.
Molecular Encryption and Reconfiguration for Remodeling of Dynamic Hydrogels
Authors: Li Shihui , Gaddes Erin R. , Chen Niancao , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDynamic materials have been widely studied for regulation of cell adhesion that is important to a variety of biological and biomedical applications. These materials can undergo changes mainly through one of the two mechanisms: ligand release in response to chemical, physical, or biological stimuli, and ligand burial in response to mechanical stretching or the change of electrical potential. This study demonstrates an encrypted ligand and a new hydrogel that are capable of inducing and inhibiting cell adhesion, which is controlled by molecular reconfiguration. The ligand initially exhibits an inert state; it can be reconfigured into active and inert states by using unblocking and recovering molecules in physiological conditions. Since molecular reconfiguration does not require the release of the ligand from the hydrogels, inhibiting and inducing cell adhesion on the hydrogels can be repeated for multiple cycles.
Structural Transformation: Assembly of an Otherwise Inaccessible DNA Nanocage
Authors: Li Yulin , Tian Cheng , Liu Zhiyu , Jiang Wen , Mao Chengde 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA strategy of structural transformation for the assembly of DNA nanocages that can not be assembled directly is described. In this strategy, a precursor DNA nanocage is assembled first and then is isothermally transformed into a desired, complicated nanocage. A dramatic, conformational change accompanies the transformation. This strategy has been proven to be successful by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) imaging. We expect that the strategy of structural transformation will be useful for the assembly of many otherwise inaccessible DNA nanostructures and help to increase the structural complexity of DNA nanocages.
Facile Synthesis and Versatile Reactivity of an Unusual Cyclometalated Rhodium(I) Pincer Complex
Authors: Jongbloed Linda S. , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H. , Lutz Martin , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of the reactive PN(CH) ligand 2‐di(tert‐butylphosphanomethyl)‐6‐phenylpyridine (1H) and its versatile coordination to a RhI center is described. Facile CH activation occurs in the presence of a (internal) base, thus resulting in the new cyclometalated complex [RhI(CO)(κ3‐P,N,C‐1)] (3), which has been structurally characterized. The resulting tridentate ligand framework was experimentally and computationally shown to display dual‐site proton‐responsive reactivity, including reversible cyclometalation. This feature was probed by selective H/D exchange with [D1]formic acid. The addition of HBF4 to 3 leads to rapid net protonolysis of the RhC bond to produce [RhI(CO)(κ3‐P,N,(CH)‐1)] (4). This species features a rare aryl CH agostic interaction in the solid state, as shown by X‐ray diffraction studies. The nature of this interaction was also studied computationally. Reaction of 3 with methyl iodide results in rapid and selective ortho‐methylation of the phenyl ring, thus generating [RhI(CO)(κ2‐P,N‐1Me)] (5). Variable‐temperature NMR spectroscopy indicates the involvement of a RhIII intermediate through formal oxidative addition to give trans‐[RhIII(CH3)(CO)(I)(κ3‐P,N,C‐1)] prior to CC reductive elimination. The RhIII–trans‐diiodide complex [RhI(CO)(I)2(κ3‐P,N,C‐1)] (6) has been structurally characterized as a model compound for this elusive intermediate.
Metal–Organic Framework/PVDF Composite Membranes with High H2 Permselectivity Synthesized by Ammoniation
Authors: Li Wanbin , Meng Qin , Zhang Congyang , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHerein we report a new ammoniation‐based chemical modification strategy for synthesis of continuous and uniform metal–organic framework (MOF)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes with attractive performance. Ammoniation can promote the support PVDF membrane to produce amino groups, form a nanoparticle structure, and be well cross‐linked; therefore, the high‐density heterogeneous nucleation sites for MOFs growth were provided and the thermal stability and chemical resistance of composite membranes can be greatly improved. The high‐quality layers of representative Cu‐BTC and ZIF‐8 were synthesized on the chemically modified PVDF membranes. By ammoniation, ZIF‐7 can even be grown under harsh synthetic conditions such as in DMF precursor solutions at 403 K. The fabricated MOF/PVDF composite membranes with excellent hollow fiber structures and enhanced structural stability exhibited high H2 permselectivities for H2/CO2 and H2/N2.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Cascade Reaction: Facial Access to Densely Functionalized Indolizines
Authors: Liu Ren‐Rong , Lu Chuan‐Jun , Zhang Ming‐Di , Gao Jian‐Rong , Jia Yi‐Xia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed three‐component cascade reaction of 2‐(2‐enynyl)pyridines with nucleophiles and allyl halides has been developed, enabling the synthesis of densely functionalized indolizines in moderate to good yields. The newly developed methodology offers several practical advantages, including operational simplicity, ready availability of starting materials, and mild reaction conditions.
Using the Recovery‐Curve Method for In Situ Wettability Determination in a Fractured Porous Medium
Authors: Ghaedi Mojtaba , Masihi Mohsen , Heinemann Zoltán E. , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis work presents a new method based on the recovery‐curve method to evaluate the in situ rock wettability in naturally fractured reservoirs. The recovery‐curve method uses recovery curves to describe more realistically the matrix–fracture interactions. The capability of the proposed method was shown in two models, namely a simple column model and a realistic naturally fractured reservoir. Appropriate recovery curves were determined by history matching the movement of the water–oil contact. The slopes of the obtained recovery curves were analyzed with the method presented by Mirzaei‐Paiaman et al.,12 which is referred to as the MPMS method in this study. The MPMS method has many advantages over other methods. Proper indices describing in situ rock wettability states were determined. The results are in very good agreement with those obtained from conventional methods.
Resource separation by mountain ungulates on a landscape modified by fire
Authors: Sittler Krista L. , Parker Katherine L. , Gillingham Michael P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFire restructures plant communities and can be an important modifier of ecosystems. Increases in forage quantity and quality in burned areas attract large ungulates, and may result in changes to animal distributions. In mountainous northern British Columbia where prescribed fire is used to enhance ungulate range, there is concern that expanding elk (Cervus elaphus) populations will move in response to burning into the traditional ranges of another grazing species, Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei), and have adverse effects on them. We compared patterns of resource selection and use by both species on a landscape with 138 prescribed burns varying from 0 to 31 years of age. Seasonal range sizes of global positioning system (GPS)‐collared individuals were smallest in winter and late winter and largest in summer for both female Stone's sheep and elk. Both species selected for south aspects and against conifer stands in all seasons. Stone's sheep selected for burned areas in fall, winter, and late winter and selected to be close to a burn in every season except summer. Elk selected for burned areas in every season, with the highest selection for burn‐shrub areas. Stone's sheep typically used younger burns, whereas elk were less specific and often used older burns. The highest potential for seasonal overlap in the use of burned areas occurs during winter and late winter, but Stone's sheep and elk at current population levels overlap minimally because they partition their use of the landscape through elevation and topography. Stone's sheep always selected and used steeper rugged terrain than elk, and were at higher elevations, often in rocky areas. Elk avoided alpine and rocky areas, and were at lower elevations than Stone's sheep, on flatter less rugged terrain. We recommend continued monitoring of post‐fire effects on resource selection and use by these sympatric grazers, particularly relative to the distribution of expanding elk populations, which could enable competitive interactions and change predator‐prey dynamics. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.