bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Findings on the Use of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: Outcomes During the Formation of the Practice-Based Research Network, DO-Touch.NET
Authors: Degenhardt Brian F. , Johnson Jane C. , Gross Shanin R. , Hagan Celia , Lund Gregg , Curry William J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Context: Few studies have assessed the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) and subsequent patient-reported outcomes.

Objective: To assess the current use of OMT and associated patient-reported outcomes.

Design: A retrospective medical record review and a prospective observational study.

Setting: Two university-based sites and their clinics associated with the practice-based research network DO-Touch.NET.

Participants: Patients aged 18 years or older who received OMT.

Main Outcome Measures: Medical records from 2007 were retrospectively reviewed to identify conditions being managed with OMT. From 2008 to 2010, patients were recruited before seeing their physicians. Questionnaires were distributed to patients and physicians, and information including demographics, chief complaints, symptom severity, current and past treatments, interference of symptoms with quality of life, physical examination findings, diagnoses, OMT performed, and immediate patient response to OMT was collected. A subset of patients provided data on symptom severity and frequency and other treatments daily for the 7 days after OMT. On day 7, symptom interference with quality of life was reassessed.

Results: Retrospective data were collected from 2569 office visits, and prospective data were collected from 299 office visits (patient age range, 18-93 years). In the medical record review, 17 of the top 25 diagnoses (68%) were related to musculoskeletal conditions. In the prospective study, 18 of the top 24 medical diagnoses (75%) were related to musculoskeletal conditions. Immediately after OMT, patients at 271 of 296 office visits (92%) felt better or much better; those at 5 (<2%) felt worse. After 7 days, patients at 126 of 175 office visits (72%) felt better or much better, and those at 10 (6%) felt worse. Average and worst symptom severity decreased until post-OMT days 4 and 5, respectively, when severity leveled off. There was decreased interference of symptoms with quality of life from before OMT to 7 days after OMT in usual/general activities, sleep, mood, and relationships (all P⩽.05).

Conclusion: These preliminary results suggest that for adults, OMT is predominantly used for managing musculoskeletal pain conditions and is effective for short-term symptom relief. Continued surveillance of DO-Touch.NET member practice outcomes may help identify priorities for osteopathic research and define evidence-based standards for OMT practice and training.
Adverse Effects of Adolescent Immunizations
Authors: Vernon Natalia , Jhaveri Pooja 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Optimal protection against preventable diseases for adolescents can be provided through routine vaccination. Vaccinations recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention can reduce morbidity and mortality associated with influenza, meningococcal, human papillomavirus, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis infections. Most reported adverse reactions to these vaccinations are mild, and the benefits of immunization often outweigh the potential risks. In the present article, the authors discuss adverse events, contraindications, and precautions associated with adolescent immunizations.
Die Geltendmachung von Zinsansprüchen für verauslagte Gerichts- und Anwaltskosten
Authors: Saenger Ingo , Uphoff Lisanne 
Published: February 2014

In Zivilverfahren summieren sich Prozesskosten: Die Vorleistung der Gerichtskosten ist Voraussetzung für die Zustellung der Klage und damit der Rechtshängigkeit. Eine Beweiserhebung kann weitere Vorschüsse erforderlich machen. Ebenso können Anwaltskosten von den Parteien zu bevorschussen sein. Daher werden in der Praxis neben der Hauptforderung immer häufiger Zinsansprüche geltend gemacht, die auf der Vorleistung von Gerichts- und Anwaltskosten beruhen. Die Frage, wie mit solchen Zinsansprüchen im Verfahren umzugehen ist, wird in der Rechtsprechung umfangreich, aber doch uneinheitlich behandelt. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt eine Lösung zur Behandlung der Zinsansprüche auf und gibt konkrete Musterformulierungen für entsprechende Anträge an die Hand.
Where do coastlines stabilize following rapid retreat?
Authors: Simms Alexander R. , Rodriguez Antonio B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe present a numerical model that shows that the transgressing upper shoreline of wave‐dominated estuaries (bayhead deltas), which commonly contain populous urban and industrial centers, stabilizes, and their rate of retreat decreases at tributary junctions. The decreased rate of retreat across a tributary junction is caused by a decrease in the total accommodation, while sediment supply remains conserved. Our model predicts that bayhead deltas from smaller systems will be located closer to tributary confluences than their larger counterparts. An examination of the modern bayhead deltas in Albemarle Sound, U.S. Atlantic Coast, reveals that bayhead deltas from smaller tributaries are located closer to tributary confluences than bayhead deltas associated with larger tributaries, supporting our model prediction. Our results highlight the importance of antecedent topography created during falling sea‐levels on shaping the nature of transgression during the ensuing sea‐level rise. In particular, tributary junctions act as pinning points during transgression.
Using field data to assess model predictions of surface and ground fuel consumption by wildfire in coniferous forests of California
Authors: Lydersen Jamie M. , Collins Brandon M. , Ewell Carol M. , Reiner Alicia L. , Fites Jo Ann , Dow Christopher B. , Gonzalez Patrick , Saah David S. , Battles John J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInventories of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wildfire provide essential information to the state of California, USA, and other governments that have enacted emission reductions. Wildfires can release a substantial amount of GHGs and other compounds to the atmosphere, so recent increases in fire activity may be increasing GHG emissions. Quantifying wildfire emissions however can be difficult due to inherent variability in fuel loads and consumption and a lack of field data of fuel consumption by wildfire. We compare a unique set of fuel data collected immediately before and after six wildfires in coniferous forests of California to fuel consumption predictions of the first‐order fire effects model (FOFEM), based on two different available fuel characterizations. We found strong regional differences in the performance of different fuel characterizations, with FOFEM overestimating the fuel consumption to a greater extent in the Klamath Mountains than in the Sierra Nevada. Inaccurate fuel load inputs caused the largest differences between predicted and observed fuel consumption. Fuel classifications tended to overestimate duff load and underestimate litter load, leading to differences in predicted emissions for some pollutants. When considering total ground and surface fuels, modeled consumption was fairly accurate on average, although the range of error in estimates of plot level consumption was very large. These results highlight the importance of fuel load input to the accuracy of modeled fuel consumption and GHG emissions from wildfires in coniferous forests.
Boronic Acid‐Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of 1,2‐Diols to α‐Hydroxy Ketones in Water
Authors: William Julius M. , Kuriyama Masami , Onomura Osamu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe activation of 1,2‐diols through formation of boronate esters was found to enhance the selective oxidation of 1,2‐diols to their corresponding α‐hydroxy ketones in aqueous medium. The oxidation step was accomplished using dibromoisocyanuric acid (DBI) as a terminal chemical oxidant or an electrochemical process. The electrochemical process was based on the use of platinum electrodes, methylboronic acid [MeB(OH)2] as a catalyst and bromide ion as a mediator. Electro‐generated OH− ions (EGB) at the cathode acted as a base and “Br+” ion generated at the anode acted as an oxidant. Various cyclic and acyclic 1,2‐diols as substrates were selectively oxidized to the corresponding α‐hydroxy ketones via their boronate esters by the two oxidative methods in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Bipyridine Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: A Solid Ligand for the Iridium‐Catalyzed Borylation of CH Bonds
Authors: Grüning Wolfram R. , Siddiqi Georges , Safonova Olga V. , Copéret Christophe 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWith the goal to obtain a molecularly defined iridium(I) heterogeneous CH functionalization catalyst, a periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) containing bipyridylene moieties in a matrix of biphenylene units as ligand platform was designed and fully characterized. The material exhibits a high surface area with small mesopores in a vermicular arrangement, and the pore walls show a highly crystal‐like character. After surface passivation with chlorotrimethylsilane and functionalization with chloro(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)iridium(I) dimer [{IrCl(COD)}2] a molecularly defined Ir(I) surface complex was obtained according to EXAFS and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. This functionalized material catalyzes the direct CH borylation of arenes to yield the corresponding boronic esters and can be reused without significant loss of activity.magnified image
Real‐time monitoring of ring‐opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran via in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Deng Hangjun , Shen Zhongquan , Li Lifeng , Yin Hong , Chen Jizhong 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe polymerization of tetrahydrofuran (THF) was carried out in CH2Cl2 by using phosphotungstic heteropolyacid as initiator and epichlorohydrin as promoter. This cationic ring‐opening polymerization process was monitored by in situ mid‐infrared spectroscopy system (ReactIR) to further study the thermodynamics and kinetics of THF polymerization. It was observed that the sharp infrared peak of COC stretching vibrations will shift from about 1068 to 1109 cm−1 in THF ring‐opening step. The changes in absorbance intensity of the two characteristic peaks were used for determining instantaneous concentration of linear polymer and ring monomer. The experimental results demonstrated that the kinetics of THF polymerization proved to be typically first‐order. Thermodynamic parameters were determined from the temperature dependence of the monomer equilibrium concentration [M]e over the range from −5 to 25°C. The values of kapp were obtained via the plots of ln{([M]0−[M]e)/([M]t−[M]e)} vs reaction time, for polymerization under specific conditions. The apparent activation energy (Ea) and frequency (A) were determined from the Arrhenius plot of kapp vs. T−1. Besides, the in situ kinetic investigation revealed that more chain‐transfer occurred at higher temperatures, leading to a reduction in propagation species concentration and a deviation from first‐order propagation at the later stage of polymerization. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40503.
In vitro evaluation of spray‐dried chitosan microspheres crosslinked with pyromellitic dianhydride for oral colon‐specific delivery of protein drugs
Authors: Kavianinia Iman , Plieger Paul G. , Kandile Nadia G. , Harding David R. K. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTChitosan microspheres have been prepared using a spray‐drying method, and crosslinked with pyromellitic dianhydride. The chemical structure of the modified chitosan was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and solid state 13C NMR analysis. The particle size and morphology of the crosslinked chitosan were investigated. These microspheres were evaluated for colon‐specific delivery of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein drug. The results indicate that the drug was released as follows: 37.1 ± 2.8% after 2 h in SGF, 73.1 ± 4.8% after 8 h (2 h in SGF+ 6 h in SIF), and 80.9 ± 4.1% after 12 h in SCF. The effect of β‐glucosidase on the drug release was also examined. The encapsulation efficiency was decreased from 88.4 ± 3.1% to 62.8 ± 2.9%, with increasing BSA concentration. Loading capacity was significantly increased from 6.3 ± 0.3% to 41.8 ± 4.1% by increasing the initial BSA concentration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40514.
Interjet distance in needleless melt differential electrospinning with umbellate nozzles
Authors: Li Haoyi , Chen Hongbo , Zhong Xiangfeng , Wu Weifeng , Ding Yumei , Yang Weimin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMelt electrospinning technique has shown great advantages in numerous areas where polymer dissolving, solvent accumulation, or toxicity is a concern in solution electrospinning. However, conventional capillary spinnerets in electrospinning are less productive. In this article, two needleless umbellate nozzles were used based on melt differential method, and the smallest interjet distance of 1.1 mm was observed. Experimental results indicated that the main factors affecting the interjet distance were the electric field strength and melts viscosity. The produced fiber diameter was related to interjet distance directly. Finite element modeling (FEM) showed that umbellate structure determines the intensity of maximum electric field around the rim of nozzles and the resultant interjet distance. This new method enabled the mass production of ultra‐fine fibers using needleless melt electrospinning method when relatively low voltage (less than 65 kV) was loaded on the receive plate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 40515.
CO2 Adsorption capacity of activated N‐doping porous carbons prepared from graphite nanofibers/polypyrrole
Authors: Meng Long‐Yue , Meng Wan , Chen Tie , Jin Long Yi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, N‐doping porous carbons (NPCs) with a 3D aperiodic hierarchical and layered structure were prepared by the sodium hydride (NaOH) activation of graphite nanofibers (GNFs)/polypyrrole (PPY) composites. The effects of the N groups and structural features on the CO2 adsorption capacity of NPCs were investigated by N2 full isotherms, XRD, SEM, and TEM. The CO2 adsorption capacity was measured by the CO2 isothermal adsorption at 25°C and 1 atm. It was found that GNFs served as a substrate and layered graphitic carbons were formed by the thermal annealing of PPY. The content of N groups and textural properties of NPCs were enhanced with increasing activation temperature, resulting in improved CO2 adsorption capacity. The CO2 adsorption isotherms showed that GPK‐600 exhibited the best CO2 adsorption capacity of 88.8 mg/g when the activation temperature was 600°C. The result indicates that the pore size and its distribution of NPCs lead to feasible contact CO2, and the presence of high N groups on the NPCs could have resulted in further stabilization of the surface effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40517.
Structural and AC impedance studies on nanocomposite polymer electrolytes based on poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Sownthari K. , Suthanthiraraj S. Austin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTNanocomposite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) films of [75 wt % poly(ε‐caprolactone) : 25 wt % zinc triflate] + x wt % nanofiller Al2O3 (x = 1, 3, 5, 7) were prepared by solution cast technique. Such NCPE films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared and AC impedance spectroscopic techniques. Complexation of polymer with salt and nanofiller was revealed from FTIR analysis. On the other hand, an apparent increase in the number density of charge carriers upto 5 wt % loading of the nanofiller was also confirmed. Furthermore, AC impedance spectroscopic studies have shown that ionic conductivity increases with the addition of Al2O3 and reaches a maximum of 2.5 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature for 5 wt % loading of nanofiller. The dielectric behavior of all the synthesized samples has also been analyzed and presented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40524.
Linear Model‐based Feedforward Control for Improving Tracking‐performance of Linear Motors
Authors: Li Yan‐Jang , Tien Szu‐Chi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe main purpose of this article is to propose a linear model‐based approach for improving the tracking performance of linear motors. In particular, P‐ and PI‐controllers, augmented with a linear‐model‐based feedforward controller and disturbance observer (DOB), were utilized in this research. Experimental results show that the feedforward controller can substantially reduce the phase‐delay problem resulting from the limitation of closed‐loop bandwidth. In addition, the DOB can reject nonlinear behaviors to keep a motor‐system close to our nominal linear model. Compared with the results of using P‐ and PI‐controllers only, tracking errors were reduced from 4.44% to 0.67% of the desired trajectory. Therefore, the proposed method provides a solution for improving the tracking performance of linear motors.
Temperature‐dependent changes in the microbial storage flora of birch and spruce sawdust
Authors: Blomqvist Johanna , Leong Su‐lin L. , Sandgren Mats , Lestander Torbjörn , Passoth Volkmar 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSawdust can be used to make pellets (biofuel) and particle boards and as a potential lignocellulose feedstock in bioethanol production. Microbial activity can affect sawdust quality; hence, we monitored the microbial population in birch‐ and spruce sawdust after 3 months’ storage at various temperatures. Species composition was similar on both materials but was strongly influenced by temperature. Bacteria were present on all materials at all conditions: on birch, 2.8 × 108, 1.1 × 108, and 8.8 × 106, and on spruce, 4.1 × 108, 5.6 × 107, and 1.5 × 108 CFU/g DM, at 2, 20, and 37 °C, respectively. Dominant bacteria at 2, 20, and 37 °C were Pseudomonas spp. (some Enterobacteriaceae spp. present), Luteibacter rhizovicinus, and Fulvimonas sp., respectively. Pseudomonas spp. were absent at ≥20 °C. Among microfungi, yeasts dominated at 2 °C but were absent at 37 °C, whereas molds dominated at 20 and 37 °C. Common yeasts included Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum, Candida saitoana, Candida oregonensis, and Candida railenensis. Ophiostoma quercus was a common mold at 2 and 20 °C, whereas the human pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and Paecilomyces variotii dominated at 37 °C. Attempts to influence the microflora by addition of the biocontrol yeasts, Wickerhamomyces anomalus and Scheffersomyces stipitis, were unsuccessful, as their growth in sawdust was poor to absent.
Conotruncal heart defects and common variants in maternal and fetal genes in folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways
Authors: Hobbs Charlotte A. , Cleves Mario A. , MacLeod Stewart L. , Erickson Stephen W. , Tang Xinyu , Li Jingyun , Li Ming , Nick Todd , Malik Sadia ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: February 2014

BackgroundWe investigated the association between conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and maternal and fetal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 60 genes in the folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways. We also investigated whether periconceptional maternal folic acid supplementation modified associations between CTDs and SNPsMethodsParticipants were enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study between 1997 and 2008. DNA samples from 616 case‐parental triads affected by CTDs and 1645 control‐parental triads were genotyped using an Illumina® Golden Gate custom SNP panel. A hybrid design analysis, optimizing data from case and control trios, was used to identify maternal and fetal SNPs associated with CTDsResultsAmong 921 SNPs, 17 maternal and 17 fetal SNPs had a Bayesian false‐discovery probability of <0.8. Ten of the 17 maternal SNPs and 2 of the 17 fetal SNPs were found within the glutamate‐cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (GCLC) gene. Fetal SNPs with the lowest Bayesian false‐discovery probability (rs2612101, rs2847607, rs2847326, rs2847324) were found within the thymidylate synthetase (TYMS) gene. Additional analyses indicated that the risk of CTDs associated with candidate SNPs was modified by periconceptional folic acid supplementation. Nineteen maternal and nine fetal SNPs had a Bayesian false‐discovery probability <0.8 for gene‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions with maternal folic acid supplementation.ConclusionThese results support previous studies suggesting that maternal and fetal SNPs within folate, homocysteine, and transsulfuration pathways are associated with CTD risk. Maternal use of supplements containing folic acid may modify the impact of SNPs on the developing heart. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:116–126, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Developmental gene regulatory network evolution: Insights from comparative studies in echinoderms
Authors: Hinman Veronica F. , Cheatle Jarvela Alys M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryOne of the central concerns of Evolutionary Developmental biology is to understand how the specification of cell types can change during evolution. In the last decade, developmental biology has progressed toward a systems level understanding of cell specification processes. In particular, the focus has been on determining the regulatory interactions of the repertoire of genes that make up gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Echinoderms provide an extraordinary model system for determining how GRNs evolve. This review highlights the comparative GRN analyses arising from the echinoderm system. This work shows that certain types of GRN subcircuits or motifs, i.e., those involving positive feedback, tend to be conserved and may provide a constraint on development. This conservation may be due to a required arrangement of transcription factor binding sites in cis regulatory modules. The review will also discuss ways in which novelty may arise, in particular through the co‐option of regulatory genes and subcircuits. The development of the sea urchin larval skeleton, a novel feature that arose in echinoderms, has provided a model for study of co‐option mechanisms. Finally, the types of GRNs that can permit the great diversity in the patterns of ciliary bands and their associated neurons found among these taxa are discussed. The availability of genomic resources is rapidly expanding for echinoderms, including genome sequences not only for multiple species of sea urchins but also a species of sea star, sea cucumber, and brittle star. This will enable echinoderms to become a particularly powerful system for understanding how developmental GRNs evolve. genesis 52:193–207. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The echinoderm larval skeleton as a possible model system for experimental evolutionary biology
Authors: Koga Hiroyuki , Morino Yoshiaki , Wada Hiroshi 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe evolution of various body plans results from the acquisition of novel structures as well as the loss of existing structures. Some novel structures necessitate multiple evolutionary steps, requiring organisms to overcome the intermediate steps, which might be less adaptive or neutral. To examine this issue, echinoderms might provide an ideal experimental system. A larval skeleton is acquired in some echinoderm lineages, such as sea urchins, probably via the co‐option of the skeletogenic machinery that was already established to produce the adult skeleton. The acquisition of a larval skeleton was found to require multiple steps and so provides a model experimental system for reproducing intermediate evolutionary stages. The fact that echinoderm embryology has been studied with various natural populations also presents an advantage. genesis 52:186–192. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.