bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDITOR'S CHOICE: Surrounding habitats mediate the trade‐off between land‐sharing and land‐sparing agriculture in the tropics
Authors: Gilroy James J. , Edwards Felicity A. , Medina Uribe Claudia A. , Haugaasen Torbjørn , Edwards David P. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Two strategies are often promoted to mitigate the effects of agricultural expansion on biodiversity: one integrates wildlife‐friendly habitats within farmland (land sharing), and the other intensifies farming to allow the offset of natural reserves (land sparing). Their relative merits for biodiversity protection have been subject to much debate, but no previous study has examined whether trade‐offs between the two strategies depend on the proximity of farmed areas to large tracts of natural habitat.

We sampled birds and dung beetles across contiguous forests and agricultural landscapes (low‐intensity cattle farming) in a threatened hotspot of endemism: the Colombian Chocó‐Andes. We test the hypothesis that the relative biodiversity benefits of either strategy depend partially on the degree to which farmlands are isolated from large contiguous blocks of forest.

We show that distance from forest mediates the occurrence of many species within farmland. For the majority of species, occurrence on farmland depends on both isolation from forest and the proportionate cover of small‐scale wildlife‐friendly habitats within the farm landscape, with both variables having a similar overall magnitude of effect on occurrence probabilities.

Simulations suggest that the biodiversity benefits of land sharing decline significantly with increasing distance from forest, but land sparing benefits remain consistent. In farm management units situated close to large contiguous forest (<500 m), land sharing is predicted to provide equal benefits to land sparing, but land sparing becomes increasingly superior in management units situated further from forest (1500 m). The predicted biodiversity benefits of land sparing are similar across all distances, provided that sparing mechanisms genuinely deliver protection for contiguous forest tracts.

Synthesis and applications. The persistence of bird and dung beetle communities in low‐intensity pastoral agriculture is strongly linked to the proximity of surrounding contiguous forests. Land‐sharing policies that promote the integration of small‐scale wildlife‐friendly habitats might be of limited benefit without simultaneous measures to protect larger blocks of natural habitat, which could be achieved via land‐sparing practices. Policymakers should carefully consider the extent and distribution of remaining contiguous natural habitats when designing agri‐environment schemes in the tropics.
Differentiating genetic and environmental drivers of plant–pathogen community interactions
Authors: Busby Posy E. , Newcombe George , Dirzo Rodolfo , Whitham Thomas G. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Plant genotypic variation can shape associated arthropod and microbial communities locally, as has been demonstrated in controlled common garden experiments. However, the relative roles of plant genetics and the environment in defining communities at larger spatial scales are not well known. The environmental heterogeneity hypothesis maintains that plant genetic effects on associated communities diminish across the landscape as environmental variation predominates. Alternatively, the local adaptation hypothesis argues that plant genetic effects change across landscapes as a result of species interactions being locally adapted. Thus, very different mechanisms could produce similar patterns.

Using replicated common gardens located along an elevation and distance gradient, observational studies in the wild, and a greenhouse inoculation experiment, we examined these two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses for Populus angustifolia and its fungal leaf pathogen community.

Supporting the environmental heterogeneity hypothesis, plant genotypic effects on fungal leaf pathogen communities were two to three times stronger within than among gardens. Consistent with the local adaptation hypothesis, plant genotypic effects on pathogens also varied significantly among gardens (i.e. G × E interaction effect). Observational data from the wild and our greenhouse inoculation experiment unveiled clinal adaptation in plant genetic resistance that is correlated with disease risk along the elevation gradient, but did not support local pathogen adaptation to plants or vice versa.

Synthesis. While our study found that plant genotype plays a significant role in shaping associated pathogen communities at local and geographic scales, the environment most strongly influenced P. angustifolia leaf pathogens at the geographic scale. Plant genetic effects on pathogens were also influenced by the environment, highlighting the potential for environmental (e.g. climate) change to trigger local evolutionary responses in plant–pathogen community interactions.
Forensic Informativity of ~3000 bp of Coding Sequence of Domestic Dog mtDNA
Authors: Angleby Helen , Oskarsson Mattias , Pang Junfeng , Zhang Ya‐ping , Leitner Thomas , Braham Caitlyn , Arvestad Lars , Lundeberg Joakim , Webb Kristen M. , Savolainen Peter 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe discriminatory power of the noncoding control region (CR) of domestic dog mitochondrial DNA alone is relatively low. The extent to which the discriminatory power could be increased by analyzing additional highly variable coding regions of the mitochondrial genome (mtGenome) was therefore investigated. Genetic variability across the mtGenome was evaluated by phylogenetic analysis, and the three most variable ~1 kb coding regions identified. We then sampled 100 Swedish dogs to represent breeds in accordance with their frequency in the Swedish population. A previously published dataset of 59 dog mtGenomes collected in the United States was also analyzed. Inclusion of the three coding regions increased the exclusion capacity considerably for the Swedish sample, from 0.920 for the CR alone to 0.964 for all four regions. The number of mtDNA types among all 159 dogs increased from 41 to 72, the four most frequent CR haplotypes being resolved into 22 different haplotypes.
Celiac disease diagnosis: Impact of guidelines on medical prescription in France
Authors: Pham Bach Nga , Musset Lucile , Chyderiotis Georges , Olsson Nils Olivier , Fabien Nicole 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveCeliac disease is a complex autoimmune disease affecting patients of any age, who may present a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Different guidelines for the diagnosis and management of celiac disease have been recently published. The aim of this study was to determine whether the recommendations issued in these guidelines have been adopted by physicians in France when celiac disease was suspected.MethodsA total of 5521 physicians were asked to fill in a detailed questionnaire on diagnosing celiac disease to evaluate their medical practice, as to the type of symptoms leading to the suspicion of celiac disease, the prescription of duodenal biopsy or serological tests, the type of serological tests (anti‐tissue transglutaminase, anti‐endomysium, anti‐gliadin and anti‐reticulin antibodies, total immunoglobulin A measurement) prescribed to diagnose celiac disease.ResultsThe analysis of the responses of 256 general practitioners (GPs), 221 gastroenterologists and 227 pediatricians showed that the protean clinical presentations of celiac disease might be better recognized by gastroenterologists and pediatricians than by GPs. Gastroenterologists asked for duodenal biopsy much more often than GPs and pediatricians when celiac disease was suspected. Serological testing and knowledge of critical markers, prescribed to diagnose celiac disease, differed among GPs, gastroenterologists and pediatricians.ConclusionAnalysis of medical prescriptions showed that the recommendations for celiac disease diagnosis are not necessarily followed by physicians, emphasizing the fact that the impact of national or international guidelines on medical behavior should be evaluated.
Prognostic factors in patients with postoperative brain recurrence from completely resected non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kanou Takashi , Okami Jiro , Tokunaga Toshiteru , Ishida Daisuke , Kuno Hidenori , Higashiyama Masahiko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundTreatment strategies for brain metastasis from lung cancer have been making progress. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the post‐recurrent prognostic factors in patients with brain metastasis after complete resection of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 40 patients found to have postoperative brain metastasis from NSCLC in our institution from 2002 to 2008. All patients had undergone radical pulmonary resection for the lung cancer. The impact of numerous variables on survival were assessed, including gender, age, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), tumor size, N status, histological type, number of brain metastases, tumor size of brain metastasis, presence of symptoms from the brain tumor(s), and use of perioperative chemotherapy.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 20.6 months (range, 3.4–66 months). The five‐year survival rate from the diagnosis of brain recurrence was 22.5%. In univariate analysis, the favorable prognostic factors after brain recurrence included a normal range of CEA, no extracranial metastasis, no symptoms from the brain metastasis, brain metastasis (less than 2 cm), and radical treatment (craniotomy or stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]). The multivariate Cox model identified that a small brain metastasis and radical treatment were independent favorable prognostic factors.ConclusionsThis study found that the implementation of radical therapy for metastatic brain tumor(s) when the tumor is still small contributed to an increase in patients' life expectancy.
Dexamethasone for pain after outpatient shoulder surgery: a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: BJØRNHOLDT K. T. , MØNSTED P. N. , SØBALLE K. , NIKOLAJSEN L. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundDexamethasone has analgesic properties when given intravenously before surgery, but the optimal dose has not been determined. We hypothesised that a dose of 40 mg dexamethasone would improve analgesia after outpatient shoulder surgery compared with 8 mg.MethodsA randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted at Horsens Regional Hospital, Denmark. Patients scheduled for arthroscopic subacromial decompression and/or acromioclavicular joint resection as an outpatient procedure (n = 101) were randomised to receive intravenous dexamethasone 40 mg (D40), 8 mg (D8) or placebo (D0) before surgery. The primary outcome was pain intensity 8 h after surgery rated on a numeric rating scale of 0 to 10. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity, analgesic consumption and side effects during the first 3 days after surgery.ResultsData from 73 patients were available for analysis: (D40: 25, D8: 26, D0: 22 patients). Eight hours after surgery, pain intensity were: [median (interquartile range)] group D40: 2 (1–4), group D8: 2.5 (1–5), group D0: 4 (2–7). There was no significant difference in pain intensity between group D40 and D8 after 8 h (P = 0.46) or at any other time. When comparing all three groups, a statistically significant dose–response relationship was seen for present, average and worst pain intensity after 8 h and on the following morning. No differences were found in analgesic consumption. No serious side effects were observed.ConclusionAlthough our data supported a dose–response relationship, increasing the dexamethasone dose from 8 to 40 mg did not improve analgesia significantly after outpatient shoulder surgery.
Alcohol industry sponsorship and hazardous drinking in UK university students who play sport
Authors: O'Brien Kerry S. , Ferris Jason , Greenlees Ian , Jowett Sophia , Rhind Daniel , Cook Penny A. , Kypri Kypros 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo examine whether receipt of alcohol industry sponsorship is associated with problematic drinking in UK university students who play sport.MethodsUniversity students (n = 2450) participating in sports were invited to complete a pen‐and‐paper questionnaire by research staff approaching them at sporting facilities and in university settings. Respondents were asked whether they, personally, their team and/or their club were currently in receipt of sponsorship (e.g. money, free or subsidized travel or sporting products) from an alcohol‐related industry (e.g. bars, liquor stores, wholesalers), and whether they had solicited the sponsorship. Drinking was assessed using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).ResultsQuestionnaires were completed by 2048 of those approached (response rate = 83%). Alcohol industry sponsorship was reported by 36% of the sample. After accounting for confounders (age, gender, disposable income and location) in multivariable models, receipt of alcohol sponsorship by a team (adjusted βadj = 0.41, P = 0.013), club (βadj = 0.73, P = 0.017), team and club (βadj = 0.79, P = 0.002) and combinations of individual and team or club sponsorships (βadj = 1.27, P < 0.002) were each associated with significantly higher AUDIT‐consumption substance scores. Receipt of sponsorship by team and club [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–3.99] and combinations of individual and team or club sponsorships (aOR = 4.12; 95% CI = 1.29–13.15) were each associated with increased odds of being classified a hazardous drinker (AUDIT score >8). Respondents who sought out sponsorship were not at greater risk than respondents, or whose teams or clubs, had been approached by the alcohol industry.ConclusionsUniversity students in the United Kingdom who play sport and who personally receive alcohol industry sponsorship or whose club or team receives alcohol industry sponsorship appear to have more problematic drinking behaviour than UK university students who play sport and receive no alcohol industry sponsorship. Policy to reduce or cease such sponsorship should be considered.
Investigation of Galectin‐3 Function in the Reproductive Tract by Identification of Binding Ligands in Human Seminal Plasma
Authors: Kovak Matthew R. , Saraswati Sarika , Schoen David J. , Diekman Alan B. 
Published: May 2014

ProblemGalectin‐3 is a β‐galactoside binding protein with immunomodulatory properties and exerts its extracellular functions via interactions with glycoconjugate ligands. Therefore, to elucidate the function of galectin‐3, binding ligands in human seminal plasma were investigated.Method of studyGalectin‐3 binding proteins were isolated from seminal plasma by affinity chromatography, and candidate ligands were identified by MS/MS. Biochemical methods were used to characterize the ability of galectin‐3 to bind its ligands.ResultsIdentified galectin‐3 ligands included CD13, MUC6, PAP, PSA, and ZAG. 1D and 2D electrophoretic analysis of seminal plasma demonstrated that CD13, PAP, PSA, and ZAG immunoreactivity co‐migrated with galectin‐3‐reactive protein bands and spots at expected molecular weights and pIs. Inhibition assays indicated that CD13, PSA, PAP, and ZAG interact with galectin‐3 in a protein–carbohydrate manner.ConclusionThe galectin‐3 binding ligands identified in this study indicate multiple roles for galectin‐3 in the reproductive and immunological functions of seminal plasma.
Association between fetal abdominal circumference and birthweight in maternal hyperglycemia
Authors: Lee Bang Hyun , Park Tae Chul , Lee Hee Joong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo compare fetal abdominal circumference and its relationship with birthweight at increasing gestational ages in the context of maternal hyperglycemia of varying severity.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo centers participated in building one database.PopulationA total of 1538 Korean pregnant women were subjected to a two‐step approach to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus.MethodsPregnant women were classified into gestational diabetes mellitus, borderline gestational diabetes mellitus, and normal groups. Fetal abdominal circumferences, which were measured with ultrasound at 4‐week intervals starting at 16 weeks of gestation and ending prior to delivery, were evaluated in the groups.Main outcome measureThe significance of fetal abdominal circumferences as predictors or risk factors of macrosomia/large‐for‐gestational age.ResultsFetal abdominal circumferences measured from 16 weeks of gestation until prior to delivery predicted birthweight in all groups with some exceptions. Fetal abdominal circumferences measured from 32 weeks of gestation until prior to delivery were predictive of macrosomia in all groups. Fetal abdominal circumferences measured from 28 weeks of gestation until prior to delivery were predictive of neonates being large‐for‐gestational age in all groups. Fetal abdominal circumferences measured at 16 and 24 weeks of gestation were also predictive of large‐for‐gestational age in the borderline gestational diabetes mellitus group. Fetal abdominal circumference measured at 24 weeks of gestation was also a predictor of macrosomia/large‐for‐gestational age in normal women.ConclusionsFetal abdominal circumferences measured during the second and especially third trimesters were significantly associated with excessive birthweight, irrespective of the severity of maternal glucose intolerance.
Prophylactic treatment of retinal breaks – a systematic review
Authors: Blindbæk Søren , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProphylactic treatment of retinal breaks has been examined in several studies and reviews, but so far, no studies have successfully applied a systematic approach. In the present systematic review, we examined the need of follow‐up after posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) – diagnosed by slit‐lamp biomicroscopy or Goldmann 3‐mirror examination – with regard to retinal breaks as well as the indication of prophylactic treatment in asymptomatic and symptomatic breaks. A total of 2941 publications were identified with PubMed and Medline searches. Two manual search strategies were used for papers in English published before 2012. Four levels of screening identified 13 studies suitable for inclusion in this systematic review. No meta‐analysis was conducted as no data suitable for statistical analysis were identified. In total, the initial examination after symptomatic PVD identified 85–95% of subsequent retinal breaks. Additional retinal breaks were only revealed at follow‐up in patients where a full retinal examination was compromised at presentation by, for example, vitreous haemorrhage. Asymptomatic and symptomatic retinal breaks progressed to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in 0–13.8% and 35–47% of cases, respectively. The cumulated incidence of RRD despite prophylactic treatment was 2.1–8.8%. The findings in this review suggest that follow‐up after symptomatic PVD is only necessary in cases of incomplete retinal examination at presentation. Prophylactic treatment of symptomatic retinal breaks must be considered, whereas no unequivocal conclusion could be reached with regard to prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic retinal breaks.
Development and psychometric properties of theSwedishALPS‐Neo pain and stress assessment scale for newborn infants
Authors: Lundqvist Pia , Kleberg Agneta , Edberg Anna‐Karin , Larsson Björn A , Hellström‐Westas Lena , Norman Elisabeth 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimTo validate and evaluate the psychometric properties of theALPS‐Neo, a new pain assessment scale created for the continuous evaluation of pain and stress in preterm and sick term infants.MethodsA unidimensional scale for continuous pain, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital Pain Scale (ALPS1), was developed further to assess continuous pain and stress in infants treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The pain scale includes observations of five behaviours. A manual was created, clarifying the scoring criteria. An internal and an external panel assessed face validity. Psychometric properties were evaluated in three different steps. Inter‐rater reliability was estimated from video‐based assessments (n = 625) using weighted kappa statistics (testI). Inter‐rater reliability was further evaluated in testII(n = 125) and testIII(n = 96) by real‐time assessments using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe final inter‐rater reliability (testIII) was assessed as good withICC0.91 for the total score and 0.62–0.81 for the five items. Cronbach's alpha showed 0.95 for the total score.ConclusionALPS‐Neo is a new assessment tool for optimising the management of pain and stress in newborn infants in theNICU. It has proved easy to implement and user‐friendly, permitting fast, reliable observations with high inter‐rater reliability.
Increased circulating inflammatory markers may indicate that formula‐fed children are at risk of atherosclerosis
Authors: Roszkowska Renata , Taranta‐Janusz Katarzyna , Tenderenda‐Banasiuk Edyta , Wasilewska Anna 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine whether formula‐fed children have higher serum monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and uric acid levels than breast‐fed children and to evaluate the association between these inflammatory markers and breastfeeding duration.MethodsThe study group consisted of 87 patients aged between five and 32 months. Participants were divided into breast‐fed and formula‐fed groups and into age groups of ≤12 months and >12 months. MCP‐1 was measured by the commercial immunoenzymatic ELISA kit, and uric acid was assessed using the colorimetric method.ResultsChildren in the formula‐fed group had statistically significant higher serum MCP‐1 and uric acid levels than breast‐fed children (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Anthropometric parameters were comparable in both groups. Serum MCP‐1 and uric acid levels were negatively correlated with duration of breastfeeding (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between serum MCP‐1 and uric acid concentrations (r = 0.27, p < 0.05).ConclusionIncreased circulating inflammatory markers may indicate that formula‐fed children are at risk of atherosclerosis. However, further studies are needed.
Amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography shows that doxapram influences the brain activity of preterm infants
Authors: Czaba‐Hnizdo Christine , Olischar Monika , Rona Zsofia , Weninger Manfred , Berger Angelika , Klebermass‐Schrehof Katrin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to measure the brain activity of preterm infants treated with caffeine citrate and doxapram for preterm apnoea, using amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), to identify any adverse effects on cerebral function.MethodsWe analysed the aEEG tracings of 13 preterm infants <30 weeks of gestation before, during and after doxapram treatment, with regard to background activity (percentages of continuous and discontinuous patterns), occurrence of sleep‐wake cycling and appearance of electrographic seizure activity. They were also compared with 61 controls without doxapram treatment.ResultsDuring doxapram treatment, aEEG tracings showed an increase in continuous background activity (19 ± 30% before treatment, 38 ± 35% during treatment) and a decrease in discontinuous patterns. In addition, they showed more frequent electrographic seizure activity (0% before treatment, 15 ± 37% during treatment) and less frequent sleep‐wake cycling (92 ± 27% before treatment, 85 ± 37% during treatment) could be observed. These results were confirmed when compared to the control group.ConclusionDoxapram treatment influences aEEG in preterm infants, showing higher percentages of continuous activity as well as more electrographic seizure activity and less sleep‐wake cycling. It should, therefore, be used with caution in very preterm infants.