Abstract 5203: Differential response to retinoid treatment in mouse and human mammary tumor cell lines with alterations in protein kinase C (PKC) expression
Authors: Diaz Bessone Maria I. , Berardi D. E. , Cirigliano S. M. , Flumian C. , Bal de Kier Joffe E. D. , Todaro L. B. , Urtreger A. J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
PKC is a serine-threonine kinase family that controls malignant transformation and metastatic dissemination. ATRA is the main active metabolite of vitamin A. Some evidences indicate that PKCδ may regulate the expression of some retinoid acid (RA) dependent genes, and others indicate that retinoids could alter PKCα intracellular localization; both processes would lead to cell differentiation.
In this work we have developed human (MDA-MB 231) and murine (LM3) cell models overexpressing PKCα or PKCδ, in order to determine whether PKC expression alters the sensitivity to retinoids treatment (ATRA). The effect of ATRA was studied in vitro, analyzing biological responses related to tumor growth.
In LM3 cells, only PKCα overexpression was able to reduce in vitro population doubling time (PDT) as compared to control (PDT: 14,8±2,3 h vs 21,2±3,1 h for LM3-PKCα y LM3-Vector respectively). Moreover, these cells also responded to retinoid treatment with a significant delay in cell proliferation (PDT: 24,3±4,2 h vs. 14,8±2,3 h for LM3-PKCα ATRA treated or not respectively. In MDA-MB 231 derived cell lines, PKC overexpression as well as ATRA treatment have no effect on proliferative potential. No differences were observed on migratory and invasive capabilities either.
Interestingly, in LM3, PKCδ overexpression induced an important increase in proteolytic enzymes secretion, which correlates with its major invasiveness, but this increase had no impact on in vivo metastatic dissemination. Only PKCα overexpression increased this parameter (lung nodes, median (range): 55 (20-75) vs 0 (0-10) for LM3-PKCα y LM3-Vector respectively).
Contrary to LM3-PKCδ in MDA-PKCδ cells we could detect a decrease on proteolytic enzymes production and invasive capability. Moreover, colonies growing in Matrigel as 3D cultures showed a small and branched structures.
Finally we studied whether the overexpression of α and δ PKC isoforms is able to alter the activity of retinoic acid responsive elements (RARE) through a reporter gene assay. On LM3 model, the constitutive expression of PKCδ highly increased RARE dependent activity.
Surprisingly, in MDA-MB231 derived sublines, we could detect a significant increase on RARE activity when cells were treated with ATRA, Altogether, these results suggest that PKCα overexpression confers a more aggressive phenotype in LM3 model, but also makes these cells sensitive to ATRA effects. We could hypothesize, that the absence of response to ATRA treatment displayed by MDA-MB 231 sublines can be explained by their lack of RARβ, which is implied in AP-1 transrepression in response to ATRA. Among others phenomena, AP-1 is involved in cell proliferation and proteolytic enzymes production.
Regarding the differences of response to PKCδ overexpression of both models, it has been reported that this PKC isoform has a differential role, pro or anti tumorigenic, depending on cellular context.
Citation Format: Maria I. Diaz Bessone, D. E. Berardi, S. M. Cirigliano, C. Flumian, E. D. Bal de Kier Joffe, L. B. Todaro, A. J. Urtreger. Differential response to retinoid treatment in mouse and human mammary tumor cell lines with alterations in protein kinase C (PKC) expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5203. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5203