bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface roughness of three types of modern plastic bracket slot floors and frictional resistance
Authors: Choi Sung-Hwan , Kang Da-Young , Hwang Chung–Ju 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To quantitatively analyze the surface roughness of the slot floors of three types of modern plastic brackets and to measure static frictional force during sliding mechanics in vitro.

Materials and Methods:
Control groups comprised stainless steel brackets and monocrystalline ceramic brackets. Test groups comprised three types of 0.022-in slot, Roth prescription, plastic, maxillary right central incisor brackets. Test groups included glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate, filler-reinforced polycarbonate, and hybrid polymer with inserted metal slot brackets. The static frictional resistance caused by sliding movements with an archwire (stainless steel) in vitro was quantitatively analyzed. Both scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional optical surface profiling were used.

Results:
Scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional optical surface profiler revealed that all as-received brackets had irregular slot floor surfaces, and both irregularity and roughness increased after the archwire sliding test. The ceramic brackets in the control group showed significantly lower surface roughness values and higher frictional values during the archwire sliding test compared with the other brackets. The glass or filler-reinforced plastic brackets exhibited significantly higher static frictional values than the metallic slot type brackets (P &lt; .001). The hybrid polymer with inserted metal slot brackets showed relatively lower surface roughness and frictional values compared with the stainless steel control bracket.

Conclusion:
Glass or filler-reinforced plastic brackets showed higher frictional resistance than metallic slot–type brackets. A plastic bracket with inserted metal slot may be the best choice among plastic brackets for low frictional resistance and to avoid damage from sliding movements of the archwire.
Late Glacial and Holocene plant cover in Węgliny, Lubsza Plain, south-west Poland, based on pollen analysis
Authors: Jurochnik Aleksandra , Nalepka Dorota 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Late Glacial (since Oldest Dryas) and Holocene (to Subatlantic) changes of vegetation at the Węgliny site (south-west Poland) are reconstructed based mainly on pollen analysis of five cores from the palaeobasin (anaerobic sediments). The chronology of the described events is based on palynological comparison with the Lubsza Plain environs, based on LPAZs from several published pollen diagrams on 14C data, and multiple cryptotephra levels determined in the Węgliny profiles. The Węgliny record integrates well into the north European Holocene and Late Glacial biostratigraphic framework. The Węgliny site is the next (fourth) locality in Poland where the Laacher See Tephra (LST) horizon within the Allerød chronozone was identified.
Foliicolous lichenized fungi of lowland Amazon forests in Pando, Bolivia
Authors: Flakus Adam 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Foliicolous lichens are an important component of lowland tropical forests and are useful bioindicators of vegetation continuity or forest health. This study of these fungi in lowland Bolivian Amazon forests of Pando Department revealed the presence of 180 species, 101 of which are reported as new for Bolivia. The following 15 species are mentioned for the first time from South America: Anisomeridium guttuliferum Lücking, Byssolecania pluriseptata Breuss, Caprettia confusa Lücking & Sipman, Chroodiscus submuralis Lücking, Coenogonium barbatum Lücking, Aptroot & L. Umaña-Tenorio, Echinoplaca tetrapla (Zahlbr.) Lücking, Gyalectidium laciniatum Lücking, G. pallidum Herrera-Campos & Lücking, Mazosia conica Sérus., Phylloblastia excavata P. M. McCarthy, Porina conica R. Sant., Porina subnucula Lücking & Vězda, Porina aff. subpallescens Vězda, Strigula minuta Lücking and Trichothelium intermedium Lücking. The up-to-date list of foliicolous lichens of Bolivia now numbers 218 species, 52% more than known previously. The foliicolous lichen biota of Pando, a substantial part of the Bolivian Amazon, has clear affinities to neighboring countries due to the significant proportion of species typical for lowland and submontane humid forests in the Neotropics. Analyses of the lichen diversity in the area suggest that its species composition is positively correlated with the presence of specific forest types.
Four new species of Cranichis (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae, Cranichidinae) from Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Four new species of the Neotropical genus Cranichis Sw. are described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The new entities are placed within a key for identification of Colombian members of the genus. Information about their ecology and distribution is provided.
A new species of Cleistes (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) from Colombia
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Szlachetko Dariusz L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Cleistes cuatrecasasii Kolan. & Szlach. sp. nov. from the Pacific slope of the Colombian Andes is described and illustrated. Information about its habitat and distribution is provided, and the taxonomic affinity of the new species is briefly discussed.
Cardinal invariants of paratopological groups
Authors: Sánchez Iván 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe show that a regular totally ω-narrow paratopological group
G has countable index of regularity, i.e., for every neighborhood
U of the identity e of G, we can find a neighborhood V of e and a countable family of neighborhoods of e in G such that ∩W∈γ VW−1⊆ U. We prove that every regular (Hausdorff) totally !-narrow paratopological group is completely regular (functionally Hausdorff). We show that the index
of regularity of a regular paratopological group is less than or equal to the weak Lindelöf number. We also prove that every Hausdorff paratopological group with countable π-
character has a regular Gσ-diagonal.
Treatment of moyamoya disease in the adult population with pial synangiosis
Authors: Lin Ning , Aronson Joshua P. , Manjila Sunil , Smith Edward R. , Scott R. Michael 
Published: January 2014

Object
Surgical treatment of moyamoya disease in the adult population commonly uses direct revascularization, the superficial temporal artery (STA) to middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass (STA-MCA). Pial synangiosis, a method of indirect revascularization, has been used in adult patients with moyamoya when STA-MCA bypass was not technically feasible. Although the effectiveness of pial synangiosis has been well described in children, only limited reports have examined its role in adult patients with moyamoya disease. In this study the authors report on their experience with pial synangiosis revascularization for this population.

Methods
The authors reviewed the clinical and radiographic records of all adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with moyamoya disease who underwent cerebral revascularization surgery using pial synangiosis at a single institution.

Results
From 1985 to 2010, 66 procedures (6 unilateral, 30 bilateral) were performed on 36 adult patients with moyamoya disease. The mean age at surgery was 28.3 years, and 30 patients were female. Twenty-eight patients (77.8%) presented with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 24 (66.7%) with stroke, and 3 (8.3%) with hemorrhage. Preoperative Suzuki stage was III or higher in 50 hemispheres (75.8%) and 3 patients had undergone prior treatments to the affected hemisphere before pial synangiosis surgery. Clinical follow-up was available for an average of 5.8 years (range 0.6–14.1 years), with 26 patients (72.2%) followed for longer than 2 years. Postoperative angiography was available for 24 patients and 46 revascularized hemispheres, and 39 (84.8%) of the 46 hemispheres demonstrated good collateral formation (Matsushima Grade A or B). Postoperative complications included 3 strokes, 5 TIAs, and 2 seizures, and there was no hemorrhage during the follow-up period. One patient required additional revascularization surgery 8 months after pial synangiosis.

Conclusions
Pial synangiosis is a safe and durable method of cerebral revascularization in adult patients with moyamoya and can be considered as a potential treatment option for moyamoya disease in adults.
Association of Kallikrein gene polymorphisms with sporadic intracranial aneurysms in the Chinese population
Authors: Suo Miaomiao , Lin Yahui , Yu Hui , Song Weihua , Sun Kai , Song Yan , Zhang Yinhui , Zhang Channa , Zhu Yufang , Pang Qi , Hui Rutai , Chen Jingzhou 
Published: January 2014

Object
Variants of Kallikreins have been shown to be risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) in a Finnish population. In the present study, the authors investigated the correlation between polymorphisms in the Kallikrein gene cluster and IAs in the Chinese population.

Methods
The association of Kallikrein variants (rs1722561 and rs1701946) with sporadic IAs was tested in 308 cases and 443 controls. The differences in allelic frequencies between patients and the control group were evaluated with the chi-square test.

Results
The C allele of rs1722561 showed a significant reduction in the risk of sporadic IA (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95; p = 0.023). However, no association of the variant rs1701946 with sporadic IA was found (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.57–1.06; p = 0.115).

Conclusions
The variant rs1722561 of Kallikreins might reduce the risk of sporadic IAs among individuals of Chinese Han ethnicity. This study confirms the association between Kallikreins and IAs.
Better Outcomes of Peritoneal Dialysis in Diabetic Patients in Spite of Risk of Loss of Autonomy for Home Dialysis
Authors: Cotovio P. , Rocha A. , Carvalho M.J. , Teixeira L. , Mendonça D. , Cabrita A. , Rodrigues A. 
Published: January 2014

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic renal failure, challenging therapy strategies. Patients with diabetes may benefit from peritoneal dialysis (PD) but higher technique failure is feared. Our purpose was to critically evaluate clinical outcomes of this modality in diabetics, in order to find quality improvement strategies in these risk patients. Methods A registry-based study of 432 incident patients, 23% with diabetes, from a university hospital PD program was performed. Traditional methods (Kaplan-Meier, Cox models) and innovative survival analysis, taking competing risks into account, were performed, as well as exploring the trends in cohorts according to the decade of PD start. Results In spite of the detrimental effect of diabetes in patient survival compared to non-diabetics (77%, 52% vs 86%, 71%, at 2 and 4 years, respectively; p < 0.0001) the hazard ratio (HR) for death decreased in the more contemporary cohort (0.303, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.150 – 0.614, p < 0.001). It is noteworthy that diabetes was not associated with lower technique survival: 74%, 51% vs 79%, 57%, at 2 and 4 years, respectively ( p = not significant (NS)). On multivariate analysis, diabetes was an independent predictor for mortality, but not for technique failure. The hazard ratio (HR) for technique failure also decreased in the more recent cohort (0.566, 95% CI 0.348 – 0.919, p = 0.021). Among reasons for transfer to hemodialysis, proportion of ultrafiltration failure was similar between groups (26% vs 22%, p = NS), but drop-out due to loss of autonomy occurred more in the group with diabetes (23% vs 5%, p = 0.004), mainly due to ischemic stroke. The hospitalization rate was also higher in diabetic patients (1.39 vs 0.84 episodes per patient-year (E/PY), p = 0.004) but the peritonitis rate was not increased (0.53 vs 0.61 E/PY, p = NS). Conclusion PD was an effective long-term renal replacement therapy in diabetics, without higher rates of technique failure, ultrafiltration failure or peritonitis. Better outcomes were achieved in the contemporary cohort. The menace of autonomy loss due to stroke and higher hospitalization rates enhance the need for assisted PD strategies and better control of comorbidities.
Effects of Post-Discharge Nurse-Led Telephone Supportive Care for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Peritoneal Dialysis in China: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Juan , Wang Huizhen , Xie Hongzhen , Mei Guiping , Cai Wenzhi , Ye Junsheng , Zhang Jianlin , Ye Guirong , Zhai Huimin 
Published: January 2014

Background Patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) need integrated health care to maintain a desirable quality of life. Studies suggest that post-discharge nurse-led telephone support has a positive effect for patients suffering from chronic diseases. But the post-discharge care is under-developed in mainland China and the effects of post-discharge care on patients with peritoneal dialysis have not been conclusive. Aim The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of postdischarge nurse-led telephone support on patients with peritoneal dialysis in mainland China. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted in the medical department of a regional hospital in Guangzhou. 135 patients were recruited, 69 in the study group and 66 in the control group. The control group received routine hospital discharge care. The study group received post-discharge nurse-led telephone support. The quality of life (Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, KDQOL-SF), blood chemistry, complication control, readmission and clinic visit rates were observed at three time intervals: baseline before discharge (T1), 6 (T2) and 12 (T3) weeks after discharge. Results Statistically significant effects were found for symptom/problem, work status, staff encouragement, patient satisfaction and energy/fatigue in KDQOL-SF and 84-day (12-week) clinic visit rates between the two groups. The study group had more significant improvement than the control group for sleep, staff encouragement at both T2 and T3, and pain at T2 and patient satisfaction at T3. No significant differences were observed between the two groups for the baseline measures, other dimensions in KDQOL-SF, blood chemistry, complication control, readmission rates at all time intervals and clinic visit rates at the first two time intervals. Conclusions Post-discharge nurse-led telephone support for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is effective to enhance patients’ well-being in the transition from hospital to home in mainland China.
The Role of Monitoring Gentamicin Levels in Patients with Gram-Negative Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis
Authors: Tang Wen , Cho Yeoungjee , Hawley Carmel M. , Badve Sunil V. , Johnson David W. 
Published: January 2014

Background There is limited available evidence regarding the role of monitoring serum gentamicin concentrations in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients receiving this antimicrobial agent in gram-negative PD-associated peritonitis. Methods Using data collected in all patients receiving PD at a single center who experienced a gram-negative peritonitis episode between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2011, we investigated the relationship between measured serum gentamicin levels on day 2 following initial empiric antibiotic therapy and subsequent clinical outcomes of confirmed gram-negative peritonitis. Results Serum gentamicin levels were performed on day 2 in 51 (77%) of 66 first gram-negative peritonitis episodes. Average serum gentamicin levels on day 2 were 1.83 ± 0.84 mg/L with levels exceeding 2 mg/L in 22 (43%) cases. The overall cure rate was 64%. No cases of ototoxicity were observed. Day-2 gentamicin levels were not significantly different between patients who did and did not have a complication or cure. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, failure to cure peritonitis was not associated with either day-2 gentamicin level (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 – 3.73) or continuation of gentamicin therapy beyond day 2 (OR 0.28, 0.02 – 3.56). The only exception was polymicrobial peritonitis, where day-2 gentamicin levels were significantly higher in episodes that were cured (2.06 ± 0.41 vs 1.29 ± 0.71, p = 0.01). In 17 (26%) patients receiving extended gentamicin therapy, day-5 gentamicin levels were not significantly related to peritonitis cure. Conclusion Day-2 gentamicin levels did not predict gentamicin-related harm or efficacy during short-course gentamicin therapy for gram-negative PD-related peritonitis, except in cases of polymicrobial peritonitis, where higher levels were associated with cure.
Stability of the Combination of Ceftazidime and Cephazolin in Icodextrin or PH Neutral Peritoneal Dialysis Solution
Authors: Patel Rahul P. , Shastri Madhur D. , Bakkari Mohammad , Wanandy Troy , Jose Matthew D. 
Published: January 2014

Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution. Methods Ceftazidime and cephazolin were injected into either a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bag to obtain the concentration of 125 mg/L of each antibiotic. A total of nine 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD bags containing ceftazidime and cephazolin were prepared and stored at 1 of 3 different temperatures: 4°C in a domestic refrigerator; 25°C at room temperature; or 37°C (body temperature) in an incubator. An aliquot was withdrawn immediately before (0 hour) or after 12, 24, 48, 96, 120, 144, 168 and 336 hours of storage. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate for the concentration of ceftazidime and cephazolin using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography technique. Ceftazidime and cephazolin were considered stable if they retained more than 90% of their initial concentration. Samples were also assessed for pH, colour changes and evidence of precipitation immediately after preparation and on each day of analysis. Results Ceftazidime and cephazolin in both types of PD solution retained more than 90% of their initial concentration for 168 and 336 hours respectively when stored at 4°C. Both of the antibiotics lost more than 10% of the initial concentration after 24 hours of storage at 25 or 37°C. There was no evidence of precipitation at any time under the tested storage conditions. Change in the pH and color was observed at 25 and 37°C, but not at 4°C. Conclusion Premixed ceftazidime and cephazolin in a 7.5% icodextrin or pH neutral PD solution is stable for at least 168 hours when refrigerated. This allows the preparation of PD bags in advance, avoiding the necessity for daily preparation. Both the antibiotics are stable for at least 24 hours at 25 and 37°C, permitting storage at room temperature and pre-warming of PD bags to body temperature prior to its administration.
La Reconnaissance, la justice, et la vie bonne
Authors: Reagan Charles 
Published: January 2014

Cet article traite des notions de reconnaissance, de justice, et de vie bonne, d'abord, séparément, et ensuite comme un réseau où elles se renforcent et s’impliquent. Je commence en abordant les significations de “la reconnaissance,” et en prenant comme texte de référence Parcours de la reconnaissance de Paul Ricoeur. On peut distinguer la reconnaissance au sens épistémologique, la reconnaissance de soi, la reconnaissance d’autrui sur le plan social et politique. Dans un second temps, je concentre mon attention sur le sens de la justice, dans le sens de la justice judiciaire, c’est-à-dire toute la structure des cours (criminel et civil) et le système pénal et policier. Enfin, je décris les exigences sociales, légales et politiques pour accéder à "la vie bonne" dans un pays moderne. Des systèmes de transport, d'éducation, marchand, bancaire, etc. sont aussi requis pour atteindre "la vie bonne". L'importance de ces éléments est particulièrement saillante lorsque nous observons ce qui arrive dans des pays en pleine guerre civile comme la Syrie, ou des pays détruits par des forces naturelles, comme le tremblement de terre en Haiti. Ma conclusion est que la "vie bonne" exige la reconnaissance de l’un et de l’autre et d’un gouvernement légitime ainsi que des systèmes de justice.
The CrIMSS EDR Algorithm: Characterization, Optimization, and Validation
Authors: Divakarla Murty , Barnet Christopher , Liu Xu , Gu Degui , Wilson Michael , Kizer Susan , Xiong Xiaozhen , Maddy Eric , Ferraro Ralph , Knuteson Robert , Hagan Denise , Ma Xia‐lin , Tan Changyi , Nalli Nicholas , Reale Anthony , Mollner Andrew K , Yang Wenze , Gambacorta Antonia , Feltz Michelle , Iturbide‐Sanchez Flavio , Sun Bomin , Goldberg Mitch 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) instruments aboard the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite provide high‐quality hyperspectral infrared and microwave observations to retrieve atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture profiles (AVTP and AVMP) and many other environmental data records (EDRs). The official CrIS and ATMS EDR algorithm, together called the Cross‐track Infrared and Microwave Sounding Suite (CrIMSS), produces EDR products on an operational basis through the interface data processing segment. The CrIMSS algorithm group is to assess and ensure that operational EDRs meet beta and provisional maturity requirements and are ready for stages 1–3 validations. This paper presents a summary of algorithm optimization efforts, as well as characterization and validation of the AVTP and AVMP products using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) retrievals, and conventional and dedicated radiosonde observations. The global root‐mean‐square (RMS) differences between the CrIMSS products and the ECMWF show that the AVTP is meeting the requirements for layers 30–300 hPa (1.53 K versus 1.5 K) and 300–700 hPa (1.28 K versus 1.5 K). Slightly higher RMS difference for the 700 hPa‐surface layer (1.78 K versus 1.6 K) is attributable to land and polar profiles. The AVMP product is within the requirements for 300–600 hPa (26.8% versus 35%) and is close in meeting the requirements for 600 hPa‐surface (25.3% versus 20%). After just one year of maturity, the CrIMSS EDR products are quite comparable to the AIRS heritage algorithm products and show readiness for stages 1–3 validations.
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) Treatment Causes an Arrest of Cell Division and Apoptosis in Rat Embryonic Erythroblasts in Whole Embryo Culture
Authors: Posobiec Lorraine M. , Clark Robert L. , Bushdid Paul B. , Laffan Susan B. , Wang Kai‐Fen , White Tacey E. K. 
Published: January 2014

Within 24 hr after oral administration of the antimalarial artesunate to rats on Day 10 or 11 postcoitum (pc), there is depletion of embryonic erythroblasts (EEbs), leading to embryo malformation and death. The proximate agent is dihydroartemisinin (DHA), the primary metabolite. We investigated the causes of EEb depletion by evaluating effects of DHA on EEbs in whole embryo culture (WEC). Rat embryos cultured starting on Day 9 pc were treated with 1 or 7 μM DHA for 24 hr starting after 19 hr of culture (∼Day 10 pc) and for 2 to 12 hr starting after 43 hr of culture (∼Day 11 pc). DHA effects indicating the depletion of EEbs were paling of the visceral yolk sac and reductions in visible blood cells, H&E‐stained normal (Type II or III) EEbs, and dividing (BrdU‐stained) EEbs. DHA‐induced abnormal cell division was indicated by increases in symmetric and asymmetric binuclear cells. DHA‐induced apoptosis was indicated by increases in TUNEL‐ and Caspase‐3‐positive cells and EEbs with fragmented nuclei. In addition, although the overall number of EEbs was decreasing, DHA caused increases in the numbers of circulating early‐stage (Type I or earlier) EEbs that could not be accounted for by cell division, suggesting the release of new, less sensitive erythroblasts from the yolk sac. In summary, treatment of Day 10 or 11 pc rat embryos with DHA in WEC resulted in defective and arrested cell division in EEbs followed by apoptosis, suggesting a mechanism for their depletion after artesunate treatment in vivo.