bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current potassium‐management status and grain‐yield response of Chinese maize to potassium application
Authors: Wu Liang‐quan , Ma Wen‐qi , Zhang Chao‐chun , Wu Liang , Zhang Wei‐feng , Jiang Rong‐feng , Zhang Fu‐suo , Cui Zhen‐ling , Chen Xin‐ping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe great achievement of the development of intensive in agriculture in China can be partly attributed to substantial increases in mineral‐nutrient application. However, whereas farmers tend to apply high levels of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) application of potassium (K) has been neglected. A greater understanding of the relationship between maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield and K‐application rate is thus required to provide an improved rationale for K fertilization for farmers in the various agro‐ecological regions of China. In this study, a total of 2765 farmers' survey data and 3124 on‐farm experiments across major maize agro‐ecological regions in China were collected and evaluated for farmers' K‐management status and to determine grain‐yield response to K application. Nationally, the average K‐application rate on farms was 26 kg K ha–1 and varied from 0 to 158 kg K ha–1, with a coefficient of variation of 107%, but the applied K‐fertilizer rates were not related to grain yield. Maize grain yields at recommended K rates increased by 14.0%, 14.7%, 19.4%, and 4.3% in Northeast China, North China Plain, Southwest China, and Northwest China, respectively, compared to zero K fertilization (K0). Increased yield due to K fertilization (IYmax, difference between maximum yield across all treatments and K0‐treatment yield for each experiment) averaged 1.4 t ha–1 but varied widely in different agro‐ecological regions. Soil extractable K (NH4OAc‐K) and intercounty variation resulted in large variation in IYmax in agro‐ecological regions, as did other factors, such as use of particular maize hybrids, soil types, or years in different regions.
Citrus leaf nutrient status: A critical evaluation of guidelines for optimal yield in Israel
Authors: Raveh Eran 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMaintaining orchards with trees at optimal leaf nutrient concentrations is one of the key issues for maximizing yield. Experiments for evaluating and updating guidelines are very rare since they require several years of field experiments with mature fruit‐bearing trees. In the present paper, we first evaluated the Israeli guidelines for citrus by comparing them to the Israeli orchard leaf mineral status using a 10‐year leaf‐mineral database (results of 20 244 leaf analyses from commercial orchards all over Israel). Then, we created an updated guideline using a second database (the Israeli National Wastewater Effluent Irrigation Surveys database; INWEIS). This database summarizes yield and leaf mineral concentrations of commercial orchards from all over Israel. The data were collected from 122 orchards: 39 orchards of “Oroblanco” Pomelit (Citrus grandis), 33 orchards of “Michal” mandarin (C. reticulata), 30 orchards of “Star Ruby” grapefruit (C. paradise), and 20 orchards of “Shamouti” oranges (C. sinensis) over a 7‐year period. Based on the first database, there was a disagreement between recommendations and the leaf nutrient status (e.g., the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture recommendations were higher than orchard median values), which indicated that the growers and/or the recommendations need to be corrected. Based on the INWEIS database, a new guideline was set. It was found that the optimal leaf nutrient concentrations for grapefruit trees are 1.7% to 2.1% dry weight (DW) for N, 0.08% to 0.010% DW for P, 0.37% to 0.48% DW for K, and 0.33% to 0.45% DW for Mg. For orange trees, the optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are 1.9% to 2.3% DW for N, 0.11% to 0.14% DW for P, 0.80% to 1.00% DW for K, and 0.19% to 0.26% DW for Mg. For mandarin trees, the optimal leaf nutrient concentrations are 2.0% to 2.4% DW for N, 0.09% to 0.12% DW for P, 0.55% to 0.69% DW for K, and 0.19% to 0.26% DW for Mg. Maintaining leaf nutrient concentrations within these ranges will support maximal yields of 110 to 120 t ha–1 for grapefruit, 65 to 70 t ha–1 for orange, and 60 to 70 t ha–1 for mandarin cultivars.
Late Pleistocene–Holocene records from Lake Ulaan, southern Mongolia: implications for east Asian palaeomonsoonal climate changes
Authors: LEE MIN KYUNG , LEE YONG IL , LIM HYOUN SOO , LEE JAE IL , YOON HO IL 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA 5.88‐m‐long core taken from Lake Ulaan was studied for high‐resolution paleoclimatic changes during the last 17 000 years. The core sediments are divided into three units based on grain‐size distribution: unit 1 (top to 392 cm depth, covering the last 11 200 years), unit 2 (392–530 cm, 11.2–15 ka) and unit 3 (530–588 cm, 15.0–16.7 ka). These sediments were transported by local westerly winds (units 1 and 3) and fluvial processes (unit 2). Based on major element compositions and geological setting of adjacent areas, provenance of unit 1 sediments was interpreted to be the Lake terrane, and that of unit 2 to be the Idermeg terrane. Unit 3 sediments were derived from the Gobi Altai terrane. The records of total organic carbon, C/N ratio and weathering intensity suggest that paleoclimate in the source area of Lake Ulaan sediment was most humid during the Early Holocene, humid during the mid‐Holocene and dry in the Late Holocene. The decrease of humidity through the Holocene is a typical characteristic of the East Asian monsoon region. Comparison with lacustrine records of other Mongolia regions suggests that the northern boundary of East Asian summer‐monsoon influence could have been located further north than previously assumed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for Storegga tsunami run‐up at the head of Nordfjord, western Norway
Authors: VASSKOG KRISTIAN , WALDMANN NICOLAS , BONDEVIK STEIN , NESJE ATLE , CHAPRON EMMANUEL , ARIZTEGUI DANIEL 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTNumerical simulations show that the Storegga tsunami (∼8 150 cal a BP) penetrated into fjords and sounds along the Norwegian coast because of its large wavelengths of about 600–800 km. Despite this, deposits from the tsunami have not previously been reported from the innermost fjord district, probably because suitable sedimentary archives are lacking in the steep fjord landscape. Here we describe a persistent and well‐defined depositional unit, up to 3 m thick, found in a lake sequence at the head of the 106‐km‐long Nordfjord, which we interpret as a deposit from the Storegga tsunami. The unit is identified and mapped in seismic profiles as a continuous semi‐transparent unit which in places cut deeply into the underlying strata. In sediment cores the unit consists of grey silt with sub‐units containing shell or plant fragments, gravel and sand clasts, and redeposited lake mud. Radiocarbon ages date the deposit to the time of the Storegga tsunami (∼8 150 cal a BP). We estimate a minimum run‐up of 1–7.5 m for the tsunami based on the inferred elevation of the lake outlet relative to sea level at that time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and rheological properties of guava jam with added concentrated grape juice
Authors: Corrêa Rúbia C G , Haminiuk Charles W I , Sora Gisele T S , Bergamasco Rosangela , Vieira Angélica M S 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDGuava jam enriched by the addition of concentrated grape juice in the proportion of 30% (w/w) (ENR) was studied for its antioxidant potential and rheological behavior. Total phenolics content, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH•) scavenging activity and β‐carotene–linoleic acid coupled oxidation assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the samples during storage for 90 days at room temperature (25°C).RESULTSThe ENR showed a total phenolic content of 11.09 g GAE kg−1 of jam at production, more than two‐fold the phenolic content presented by the standard formulation (STA). For the ENR formulation the antioxidant capacity increased in almost 20% (P ≤ 0.05) with time on the β‐carotene assay and decreased with time on the DPPH assay. The enriched guava jam exhibited a non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning behavior at temperatures ranging from 25 to 55°C, and, moreover, presented higher stability than the standard formulation when exposed to temperature variation.CONCLUSIONENR constitutes an original food product with a notable antioxidant potential, even greater than the potential presented by the standard guava jam, worldwide appreciated delicacy. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterisation of the spoilage bacterial microbiota in oyster gills during storage at different temperatures
Authors: Chen Huibin , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Meiying , Chen Shaojun , Chen Tuanwei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe spoilage bacterial community in oyster gill was investigated during storage at 4, 10 and 20°C. Aerobic plate counts and pH values were determined. Total bacterial DNA was extracted from oyster gill and bulk cells of plate count media. The major bacterial species during fresh or different temperatures storage were determined by polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE).ResultsThe initial aerobic plate count in oyster gill reached 6.70 log CFU g−1. PCR‐DGGE fingerprinting analysis of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region revealed that most of the strains in fresh oyster gill belonged to the genera Lactococcus and Enterobacter. The major spoilage bacteria at a storage temperature of 20°C were Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, an uncultured bacterium, Cytophaga fermentans, Lactococcus lactis, Pseudoalteromonas sp., Enterococcus mundtii, Clostridium difficile and an uncultured Fusobacteria; those at 10°C were Lactococcus spp., Lactobacillus curvatus, Weissella confusa and C. difficile; those at 4°C were Lactococcus, Weissella, Enterobacter and Aeromonas. The other minor species were L. curvatus, Pseudomonas sp. and E. mundtii. Lactococcus spp. was the most common main spoilage bacteria in oyster gill during chilled storage.ConclusionPCR‐DGGE revealed the complexity of the bacterial microbiota and the major bacteria species in oyster gill for fresh and storage. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous measurement of lens accommodation and convergence in natural and artificial 3D vision
Authors: Shiomi Tomoki , Uemoto Keita , Kojima Takehito , Sano Shunta , Ishio Hiromu , Takada Hiroki , Omori Masako , Watanabe Tomoyuki , Miyao Masaru 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent advances in 3D technology have been accompanied by increasing complaints of visual fatigue. The usual explanation for such fatigue is that accommodation and convergence are mismatched during stereoscopic vision.The aim of this study was to measure fixation distances between lens accommodation and convergence in young subjects while they viewed real objects and 3D video clips. Measurements were made using an original instrument. The 3D video clips were presented to subjects using a liquid crystal shutter glass system. The results showed that when viewing real objects, the diopter values of subjects' accommodation and convergence were similar and changed periodically. This measurement method was thus considered to be appropriate for the measurement of stereoscopic vision. We also investigated lens accommodation and convergence when subjects viewed 3D video clips. Both accommodation and convergence were found to move along with the virtual position of 3D video clips. Therefore, there was little discrepancy between accommodation and convergence during the viewing of 3D images.
Intention to Revisit Traditional Folk Events: A Case Study of Qinhuai Lantern Festival, China
Authors: Shen Suyan 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study aims at analyzing revisit intention of traditional folk events based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and a Consumer‐based Model of Authenticity. The survey data were collected by a questionnaire survey in Nanjing Qinhuai Lantern Festival 2012, China. Structural equation modeling was employed to test the proposed research model. The result shows that perceived behavioral control, motivation and perceived food authenticity of the event, but not attitude and perceived overall authenticity of the event, are valid predictor constructs for visitors' intention to revisit Qinhuai Lantern Festival. The findings have implications for the promotion of traditional events and festival tourism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Spacer Length on the Cellular Uptake of Polymeric Nanoparticles
Authors: Thielbeer Frank , Johansson Emma M. V. , Chankeshwara Sunay V. , Bradley Mark 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNanotechnology is finding ever increasing application in the life science arena where nanoparticles can be used to deliver cargoes in cells. However, a clear understanding of the relationship between the chemical properties of the particle and its uptake efficiency is lacking. Herein, the effects on particle cellular uptake following modification with a variety of spacers, all bearing a positive charge, but differing in length, and the influence on formation of the protein corona are investigated. Although no significant differences in the composition of the protein corona are detected, the spacer length influences the cellular uptake of the nanoparticles. These findings will allow the target‐orientated functionalisation of particles to increase the specificity of cellular uptake.magnified image
In Situ Aggregates of Enantiomeric Poly(styrene)‐block‐Poly(lactide) Diblock Copolymers via Stereocomplexation in a Non‐selective Solvent
Authors: Hou Xiaodong , Li Qiaobo , Cao Amin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA comprehensive investigation of in situ aggregation of structurally well‐defined enantiomeric poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(lactide) (PS‐b‐PLLA and PS‐b‐PDLA) in a non‐selective solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), is presented. The isolated aggregates are found to form poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA)/poly(D‐lactide) (PDLA) racemic crystals by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The kinetic study reveals that the growth rate of the aggregates depends on the molecular weight of the enantiomeric PLA blocks, as well as the preparation conditions. The proposed mechanism demonstrates a new PS (shell)–PLA (core) structural hierarchy solely driven by stereocomplexation between enantiomeric PLLA and PDLA blocks.magnified image
Molecular diagnosis of dystrophinopathies using a multi‐technique analysis algorithm
Authors: Luce Leonela N. , Ottaviani Daniela , Ferrer Marcela , Szijan Irene , Cotignola Javier , Giliberto Florencia 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dystrophinopathies are X‐linked recessive neuromuscular diseases caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. In this study we aimed to detect mutations within the dystrophin gene in DMD patients, to determine the carrier status of women, and to perform a prenatal diagnosis. Methods: We analyzed 17 individuals from 2 unrelated families with a history of DMD. We used multiplex PCR, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and short tandem‐repeat (STR) segregation analysis to accurately detect and characterize the mutations and to identify the at‐risk haplotype. Results: The selected methodology allowed for characterization of 2 single‐exon out‐of‐frame deletions in affected patients. Nine of 13 women and a fetus were excluded from being carriers. Three recombination events were found and suggested that germline mosaicism had occurred in both families. Conclusions: This methodology proved to be efficient for characterizing the disease‐causing mutation in affected individuals and for assessing the carrier status in healthy relatives. These findings helped inform precise genetic counseling and contributed to characterization of the disease in the Argentine population. Muscle Nerve 49: 249–256, 2014
Effect of antibiotic treatment on intestinal microbial and enzymatic development in postnatally overfed obese rats
Authors: Mozeš Štefan , Šefcíková Zuzana , Bujnáková Dobroslava , Racek Lubomír 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of the microbiota‐induced changes and early overfeeding after amoxicillin administration (a) in suckling pups via their dams up to 15 days of lactation and (b) in weaned pups on intestinal microbial/functional adaptability and obesity development in male Sprague‐Dawley rats.Design and MethodsPostnatal nutrition was elicited by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 (small litters [SLs]) and 10 (normal litters [NLs]), while from days 21 to 40, both groups were fed with a standard diet. The numbers of Bacteroides/Prevotella (BAC) and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus (LAB) in the jejunum and colon were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, and jejunal alkaline phosphatase (AP), α‐glucosidase and aminopeptidase activity was assayed histochemically.ResultsOn day 40, the SL in comparison with NL animals displayed excess weight/fat gain accompanied by higher LAB and lower numbers of BAC, and with permanently higher AP activity. Moreover, these acquired changes continued in SL vs. NL rats and were not influenced by antibiotic treatment, which induced significant decrease in the quantity of LAB and BAC.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the role of early life overfeeding upon the gut microbial/functional ontogeny and allow to distinguish their potential involvement in later risk of obesity.
Abdominal visceral fat measurement using dual‐energy X‐ray: Association with cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: Rothney Megan P. , Catapano Alberico L. , Xia Jin , Wacker Wynn K. , Tidone Cristina , Grigore Liliana , Xia Yi , Ergun David L. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measurements using a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) based approach.Design and MethodsAn analysis of cross‐sectional relationships between DXA VAT measured using CoreScan (GE Healthcare) and cardiometabolic indicators was conducted on a sample of 939 subjects (541 females and 398 males; average age, 56 years; average BMI, 26 kg/m2) who had previously undergone a total body DXA scan as well as measurements of key cardiometabolic risk factors.ResultsSex‐specific, age‐adjusted multivariable regression analysis showed that for both men and women, DXA VAT was significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension, impaired fasting glucose, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (P < 0.001). After additional model adjustment for BMI and waist circumference, the odds ratio (per SD change in VAT) for type 2 diabetes was 2.07 for women and 2.25 for men. Similarly, the odds ratio for metabolic syndrome for women was 3.46 and for men was 1.75.ConclusionsVAT measured using DXA showed a significant association with cardiometabolic risk factors and disease. These relationships persist after statistical adjustment for age, BMI, and waist circumference. DXA VAT may provide a new accessible option for quantifying VAT‐related cardiometabolic risk.
Acquired liver fat is a key determinant of serum lipid alterations in healthy monozygotic twins
Authors: Kaye S.M. , Maranghi M. , Bogl L.H. , Kaprio J. , Hakkarainen A. , Lundbom J. , Lundbom N. , Rissanen A. , Taskinen M.‐R. , Pietiläinen K.H. 
Published: May 2013

Objective: The effects of acquired obesity on lipid profile and lipoprotein composition in rare BMI‐discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs were studied.Design and Methods: Abdominal fat distribution, liver fat (magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy), fasting serum lipid profile (ultracentrifugation, gradient gel‐electrophoresis, and colorimetric enzymatic methods), and lifestyle factors (questionnaires and diaries) were assessed in 15 BMI‐discordant (within‐pair difference [Δ] in BMI >3 kg/m2) and nin concordant (ΔBMI <3 kg/m2) MZ twin pairs, identified from two nationwide cohorts of Finnish twins.Results: Despite a strong similarity of MZ twins in lipid parameters (intra‐class correlations 0.42‐0.90, P < 0.05), concentrations of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), intermediate‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein 3a% (HDL3a%), and HDL3c% were higher (P < 0.05) and those of HDL cholesterol, HDL2‐C, and HDL2b% were lower (P < 0.01) in the heavier co‐twins of BMI‐discordant pairs. The composition of lipoprotein particles was similar in the co‐twins. When BMI‐discordant pairs were further divided into liver fat‐discordant and concordant (based on median for Δliver fat, 2.6%), the adverse lipid profile was only seen in those heavy co‐twins who also had high liver fat. Conversely, BMI‐discordant pairs concordant for liver fat did not differ significantly in lipid parameters. In multivariate analyses controlling for Δsubcutaneous, Δintra‐abdominal fat, sex, Δsmoking and Δphysical activity, Δliver fat was the only independent variable explaining the variation in ΔApoB, Δtotal cholesterol, and ΔLDL‐C concentration.Conclusions: Several pro‐atherogenic changes in the amounts of lipids but not in the composition of lipoprotein particles were observed in acquired obesity. In particular, accumulation of liver fat was associated with lipid disturbances, independent of genetic effects.
Quantification of total and visceral adipose tissue in fructose‐fed rats using water‐fat separated single echo MRI
Authors: Rönn Monika , Lind P. Monica , Karlsson Helen , Cvek Katarina , Berglund Johan , Malmberg Filip , Örberg Jan , Lind Lars , Ortiz‐Nieto Francisco , Kullberg Joel 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to setup a rodent model for modest weight gain and an MRI‐based quantification of body composition on a clinical 1.5 T MRI system for studies of obesity and environmental factors and their possible association.Design and MethodsTwenty‐four 4‐week‐old female Fischer rats were divided into two groups: one exposed group (n = 12) and one control group (n = 12). The exposed group was given drinking water containing fructose (5% for 7 weeks, then 20% for 3 weeks). The control group was given tap water. Before sacrifice, whole body MRI was performed to determine volumes of total and visceral adipose tissue and lean tissue. MRI was performed using a clinical 1.5 T system and a chemical shift based technique for separation of water and fat signal from a rapid single echo acquisition. Fat signal fraction was used to separate adipose and lean tissue. Visceral adipose tissue volume was quantified using semiautomated segmentation. After sacrifice, a perirenal fat pad and the liver were dissected and weighed. Plasma proteins were analyzed by Western blot.ResultsThe weight gain was 5.2% greater in rats exposed to fructose than in controls (P = 0.042). Total and visceral adipose tissue volumes were 5.2 cm3 (P = 0.017) and 3.1 cm3 (P = 0.019) greater, respectively, while lean tissue volumes did not differ. The level of triglycerides and apolipoprotein A‐I was higher (P = 0.034, P = 0.005, respectively) in fructose‐exposed rats.ConclusionsThe setup induced and assessed a modest visceral obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, making it suitable for further studies of a possible association between environmental factors and obesity.