bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent encephalitis and stroke following cessation of acyclovir prophylaxis in a patient with neonatal herpes simplex virus with RNF213 mutation
Authors: Dave Rutu M. , Arellano Janetta , Grose Charles , Pearson Rachel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveHerpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis can be associated with many secondary neurological complications, but having multiple episodes of recurrent neurological complications is rare in an individual. Understanding the course of each complication can reduce time to diagnosis and adequate treatment. Additionally, we postulate the role of RNF213 mutation in HSV susceptibility.MethodsWe describe a unique presentation of HSV‐1 encephalitis in an infant with a pathogenic RNF213 mutation who went on to develop multiple rare neurological complications over the course of her illness.ResultsOur patient was first diagnosed with neonatal HSV‐1 encephalitis at age 2 weeks. She had recurrence of HSV encephalitis (HSE) with associated vasculopathy that led to right middle cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery infarctions at 13 months, and then later developed post‐HSE anti‐N‐methyl‐
d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis. All of this occurred concomitant with RNF213 mutation.InterpretationThis patient demonstrates that, though rare, multiple neurological complications can occur in a single person, thus highlighting the importance of close surveillance of patients with a history of neonatal HSE and pursuing a broad differential in patients with subtle or recurrent symptoms. Furthermore, we propose a potential role of RNF213 mutation in the pathogenesis of our patient's multiple medical conditions.
Human Gut Microbiota in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ronen Daniel , Rokach Yair , Abedat Suzan , Qadan Abed , Daana Samar , Amir Offer , Asleh Rabea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe gut ecosystem, termed microbiota, is composed of bacteria, archaea, viruses, protozoa, and fungi and is estimated to outnumber human cells. Microbiota can affect the host by multiple mechanisms, including the synthesis of metabolites and toxins, modulating inflammation and interaction with other organisms. Advances in understanding commensal organisms' effect on human conditions have also elucidated the importance of this community for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This effect is driven by both direct CV effects and conditions known to increase CV risk, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and renal and liver diseases. Cardioactive metabolites, such as trimethylamineN‐oxide (TMAO), short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, bile acids, and uremic toxins, can affect atherosclerosis, platelet activation, and inflammation, resulting in increased CV incidence. Interestingly, this interaction is bidirectional with microbiota affected by multiple host conditions including diet, bile acid secretion, and multiple diseases affecting the gut barrier. This interdependence makes manipulating microbiota an attractive option to reduce CV risk. Indeed, evolving data suggest that the benefits observed from low red meat and Mediterranean diet consumption can be explained, at least partially, by the changes that these diets may have on the gut microbiota. In this article, we depict the current epidemiological and mechanistic understanding of the role of microbiota and CVD. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic approaches aimed at manipulating gut microbiota to improve CV outcomes. © 2024 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol14:5449‐5490, 2024.
A solar photovoltaic‐fed three‐phase multifunctional converter operation using nonlinear control strategy
Authors: Kumar Majji Ravi , Prakash Mishra Jyoti , Chiranjeevi Tirumalasetty 
Published: June 2024

SummaryA nonlinear control strategy for a solar photovoltaic (SPV) integrated three‐phase multifunctional converter (3PMFC) is proposed in this study. The proposed control approach integrates a Lyapunov function controller (LFC) for the voltage control loop and a model predictive controller (MPC) for the current tracking control loop. The required 3PMFC reference currents are calculated using a variable conductance factor (VCF) technique. The key highlights of the proposed control strategy are as follows: (1) LFC with only one control gain provides less steady‐state error than the proportional integrator (PI) with two control gains, (2) MPC generates the optimal switching signals for the associated converters in the system without using modulation stages, and (3) The VCF approach simplifies the mathematical formulation to derive the required reference current. The effectiveness of the proposed control technique was evaluated using different solar irradiation, DC loads, and AC loads (linear balanced, linear unbalanced, and nonlinear loads). The performance of the proposed control technique has been evaluated and validated in a dynamic operation scenario utilizing MATLAB/Simulink and a real‐time simulator (OPAL‐RT OP4510). The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control approach outperforms the conventional control strategy in terms of grid current total harmonic distortion (THD) improvement, which is in accordance with the IEEE‐519 standard. The performance evaluated through simulation studies indicates that the 3PMFC can perfectly perform all of its grid‐supported multifunctional services, such as current harmonic compensation, reactive power support, and source current balance, along with injecting active power generated by the SPV into the utility system.
A novel temperature‐controlled device with standardized manipulation improves chronic back pain mediated by modulating deep muscle thickness: A multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Li , Wang Ying , Gao Yinqiu , Liu Shu , Yang Guangjing , Lv Xiaoying , Sun Ya Xuan , Wu Ying , Li Jinlin , Zhou Jiayan , Chen Guang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic back pain affected 619 million people globally in 2020 which accounts for a heavy disease burden causing tremendous productivity losses. Current therapies including ibuprofen, duloxetine, and opioids might cause side effects and even severe drug use disorders. Therefore, a non‐pharmacologic therapy with better or equivalent efficacy and fewer side effects is needed.MethodsWe did a multi‐center, single‐blinded, randomized, positive drug controlled, clinical trial. Patients with chronic back pain in moderate severity were randomized into receiving hot stone massage or flurbiprofen plaster group. Both interventions were 2 weeks with a follow‐up of 4 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the score of the Global Pain Scale (GPS) from baseline to week 2. Secondary outcomes included Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), Pain Self‐Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Short Form‐36 (SF36) from baseline to week 2 and week 6. Exploratory outcome assessment included the muscle thickness measured by ultrasound. Any adverse event was monitored throughout the study period.ResultsA total of 120 patients were enrolled in this trial. At 2 weeks GPS decreased significantly in the hot stone massage group compared to the flurbiprofen group (difference between groups = ‐8.1 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] ‐15.8 to ‐0.3, p = 0.047). Moreover, hot stone massage also showed more improvement at 2 weeks compared to flurbiprofen, including NRS (‐0.5 points, 95% CI ‐1.0 to ‐0.1, p = 0.029), PSEQ (5.4 points, 95% CI 0.5 to 10.2, p = 0.030), and mental component of Short Form‐36 (SF‐36) (1.7 points, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.9, p = 0.010), but not in CPAQ (p = 0.131), HADS (p = 0.303 for depression, p = 0.399 for anxiety), or SF‐36 (p = 0.129 for physical component, p = 0.246 for social component, p = 0.076 for fatigue component). A total of two participants in the hot stone massage group reported mild pain on skin surface when receiving the procedure at the first intervention session.
Advances in bacteria‐based drug delivery systems for anti‐tumor therapy
Authors: Shuwen Han , Yifei Song , Xinyue Wu , Zhanbo Qu , Xiang Yu , Xi Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, bacteria have gained considerable attention as a promising drug carrier that is critical in improving the effectiveness and reducing the side effects of anti‐tumor drugs. Drug carriers can be utilised in various forms, including magnetotactic bacteria, bacterial biohybrids, minicells, bacterial ghosts and bacterial spores. Additionally, functionalised and engineered bacteria obtained through gene engineering and surface modification could provide enhanced capabilities for drug delivery. This review summarises the current studies on bacteria‐based drug delivery systems for anti‐tumor therapy and discusses the prospects and challenges of bacteria as drug carriers. Furthermore, our findings aim to provide new directions and guidance for the research on bacteria‐based drug systems.
Cardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic overlap in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Cardiac structure and function, clinical outcomes, and response to sacubitril/valsartan in PARAGON‐HF
Authors: Lassen Mats C.H. , Ostrominski John W. , Claggett Brian L. , Packer Milton , Zile Michael , Desai Akshay S. , Shah Amil M. , Cikes Maja , Merkely Bela , Gori Mauro , Wang Xiaowen , Hegde Sheila M. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Lefkowitz Martin , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. , Vaduganathan Muthiah 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimsCardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic (CKM) multimorbidity is prevalent among individuals with heart failure (HF), but whether cardiac structure and function, clinical outcomes, and treatment response to sacubitril/valsartan vary in relation to CKM status is unknown.Methods and resultsIn this PARAGON‐HF post‐hoc analysis, we evaluated the impact of CKM multimorbidity (atherosclerotic cardiovascular [CV] disease, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes) on cardiac structure and function, clinical outcomes, and treatment effects of sacubitril/valsartan versus valsartan. The primary outcome was a composite of total HF hospitalizations and CV death. Secondary outcomes included the individual components of the primary outcome and a composite kidney outcome (sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction of ≥50%, end‐stage kidney disease, or kidney‐related death). At baseline, 35.2% had one CKM condition, 33.3% had two, 15.9% had three, and only 15.6% had HF alone. CKM multimorbidity was associated with higher septal and posterior wall thickness, lower global longitudinal strain, higher E/e', and worse right ventricular function. Total HF hospitalizations or CV death increased with greater CKM multimorbidity, with the highest relative risk observed with three CKM conditions (rate ratio 3.06, 95% confidence interval 2.33–4.03), compared with HF alone. Treatment effects of sacubitril/valsartan were consistent irrespective of the number of CKM conditions for the primary endpoint (pinteraction = 0.75), CV death (pinteraction = 0.82), total HF hospitalizations (pinteraction = 0.67), and the composite kidney endpoint (pinteraction = 0.99).ConclusionsCardiovascular‐kidney‐metabolic multimorbidity was common in PARAGON‐HF and associated with adverse changes in cardiac structure and function and with a stepwise increase in risk of clinical outcomes. Treatment effects of sacubitril/valsartan were consistent irrespective of CKM burden.Clinical Trial Registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01920711.
Cost‐Effective and Scalable Enzyme‐Mediated Preparation of Short‐Chain Primary Amines
Authors: Gianolio Stefania , Rassati Beatrice , Paradisi Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmines, crucial components in various industries, play a pivotal role in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Recognizing the environmental impact of conventional methods for their preparation, our study centers on the utilization of abundantly available natural molecules, specifically amino acids, as precursors for short chain amine synthesis. This paper focuses on the biocatalyst, L‐valine decarboxylase from Streptomyces viridifaciens (VlmD), delving into the substrate scope, catalytic activity, and cost‐effective scalability of an enzymatic process for amine synthesis. Additionally, we investigate the feasibility of immobilizing VlmD, aiming to pave the way for its effective use in industrial applications. Our study exploits the SpinChem system and provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential and limitations of this biocatalyst. Notably, our yields for key amines (8.42 g ⋅ d−1 for isobutylamine, 5.23 g ⋅ d−1 for isoamylamine, 5.16 g ⋅ d−1 for (S)‐2‐methylbutylamine, 3.78 g ⋅ d−1 for 3‐(methylthio)propylamine, and 10.52 g ⋅ d−1 for (R)‐1‐amino‐2‐propanol) demonstrate the process efficiency and potential for industrial scalability.
Alignment between water inputs and vegetation green‐up reduces next year's runoff efficiency
Authors: Newcomb Sarah K. , Van Kirk Robert W. , Godsey Sarah E. , Kraft Maggi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the western United States, water supplies largely originate as snowmelt from forested land. Forests impact the water balance of these headwater streams, yet most predictive runoff models do not explicitly account for changing snow‐vegetation dynamics. Here, we present a case study showing how warmer temperatures and changing forests in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, a seasonally snow‐covered headwater basin in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, have altered the relationship between April 1st snow water equivalent (SWE) and summer streamflow. Since the onset and recovery of severe drought in the early 2000s, predictive models based on pre‐drought relationships over‐predict summer runoff in all three headwater tributaries of the Henrys Fork, despite minimal changes in precipitation or snow accumulation. Compared with the pre‐drought period, late springs and summers (May–September) are warmer and vegetation is greener with denser forests due to recovery from multiple historical disturbances. Shifts in the alignment of snowmelt and energy availability due to warmer temperatures may reduce runoff efficiency by changing the amount of precipitation that goes to evapotranspiration versus runoff and recharge. To quantify the alignment between snowmelt and energy on a timeframe needed for predictive models, we propose a new metric, the Vegetation‐Water Alignment Index (VWA), to characterize the synchrony of vegetation greenness and snowmelt and rain inputs. New predictive models show that in addition to April 1st SWE, the previous year's VWA and summer reference evapotranspiration are the most significant predictors of runoff in each watershed and provide more predictive power than traditionally used metrics. These results suggest that the timing of snowmelt relative to the start of the growing season affects not only annual partitioning of streamflow, but can also determine the groundwater storage state that dictates runoff efficiency the following spring.
Analysis of sediment sources and sinks based on the RUSLE model and sediment delivery ratio model
Authors: Xu Zan , Zhang Shanghong , Wu Chuansen , Jiang Qi , Zhou Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSediment sources and sinks are an effective reflection of the comprehensive management of soil and water conservation in a watershed. However, human interference has made the sediment transport process in watersheds more complex. Research that distinguishes hillslopes and channels to reveal changes in sediment sources and sinks within a watershed and the relationships with key driving factors requires strengthening. In this study, the characteristics of sediment sources and sinks on hillslopes in the Mahuyu watershed, located on the Loess Plateau, were simulated using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation model and hillslope sediment delivery ratio model. Furthermore, variations in channel scour and siltation at the event scale were analysed based on the simulated hillslope sediment yield and measured sediment yield at the outlet station. Additionally, the principal hydrological driving factors affecting the sediment yield at the outlet were explored. The results show that 66 sediment yield events occurred in the Mahuyu watershed during the period 2006–2018, and channel sediment yield has emerged as the leading contributor to the watershed sediment yield, accounting for a minimum of 69.8%. There is also a marked decoupling between hillslope sediment yield and watershed sediment yield in the Mahuyu watershed. Furthermore, the maximum daily average streamflow is identified as the critical driving factor responsible for determining the watershed sediment yield, indicated by a coefficient of determination of 0.850. Therefore, we recommend that the future focus of soil and water conservation measures should be shifted from hillslopes to channels.
Runoff from an extensive green roof during extreme events: Insights from 15 years of observations
Authors: Paus Kim H. , Braskerud Bent C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile green roofs have gained widespread popularity as a measure to detain and retain runoff in urban areas, their performance during extreme events is not well studied. In this study 15 years of runoff and precipitation observations from a small extensive green roof in Norway are analysed. GEV‐distributions were fitted to the annual max values for precipitation and runoff in order to develop intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) and runoff‐duration‐frequency (RDF) data. Using the IDF and RDF data a total of 31 extreme events were identified (containing precipitation or runoff values with return period greater than 2 years for one or more durations). While nearly all extreme runoff events were caused by extreme precipitation, only 69% of the extreme precipitation events resulted in extreme runoff. The assumption of 1:1 equivalency of return periods did not hold true, and deviations were mainly explained by variations in substrate water content prior to the extreme event. Moreover, in 50% of the events, the runoff duration with the greatest return period was shorter than the precipitation duration with the greatest return period. Hence, the results indicate that the use of design storms to predict runoff from green roofs may be inappropriate. The potential of having IDF and RDF data available was demonstrated by the development of simple empirical equations, which ensure conservations of both return period and duration. To generate reliable green roof RDF data, future research should prioritize evaluating various continuous models with the aim of accurately describing extreme events.
Forecasting reserve risk for temporal dependent losses in insurance
Authors: Araichi Sawssen , de Peretti Christian , Belkacem Lotfi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn non‐life insurance, insurance companies aim to accurately assess their reserves in order to fulfil their future obligations. They are based on methods provided by the literature review to evaluate their reserve risk. However, these methods do not take all claim characteristics and ignore the temporal dependence structure of claims, which can affect reserve amounts and lead to delayed payments for policyholders. Therefore, the aim is to investigate the temporal dependence structure among claim amounts (losses) in order to evaluate the accurate amounts of reserves. To achieve this goal, a model called the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Sinistrality Model is proposed, which considers the temporal dependence characteristics of claims. This model is used to estimate model parameters, so the consistency of such an estimate is proven. Additionally, a bootstrap method adjusted to the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Sinistrality model is proposed for predicting reserves and errors. The results reveal that considering temporal dependence between losses improves reserve distribution estimation and enhances solvency capital requirement. This means that insurance companies will be able to ensure they have sufficient funds available to meet their obligations to policyholders, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and trust. Additionally, this can assist insurance companies in maintaining better regulatory compliance.
Virtual‐point‐based deconvolution for optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Yao Rui , DiSpirito Anthony , Jang Hongje , McGarraugh Colton Thomas , Nguyen Van Tu , Shi Lingyan , Yao Junjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOptical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM) has been increasingly utilized for in vivo imaging of biological tissues, offering structural, functional, and molecular information. In OR‐PAM, it is often necessary to make a trade‐off between imaging depth, lateral resolution, field of view, and imaging speed. To improve the lateral resolution without sacrificing other performance metrics, we developed a virtual‐point‐based deconvolution algorithm for OR‐PAM (VP‐PAM). VP‐PAM has achieved a resolution improvement ranging from 43% to 62.5% on a single‐line target. In addition, it has outperformed Richardson‐Lucy deconvolution with 15 iterations in both structural similarity index and peak signal‐to‐noise ratio on an OR‐PAM image of mouse brain vasculature. When applied to an in vivo glass frog image obtained by a deep‐penetrating OR‐PAM system with compromised lateral resolution, VP‐PAM yielded enhanced resolution and contrast with better‐resolved microvessels.
Optical parameters of healthy and tumor breast tissues in mice
Authors: Genina Elina A. , Lazareva Ekaterina N. , Surkov Yuri I. , Serebryakova Isabella A. , Shushunova Natalya A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the optical parameters of tumors is important for choosing the correct laser treatment parameters. In this paper, optical properties and refraction indices of breast tissue in healthy mice and a 4T1 model mimicking human breast cancer have been measured. A significant decrease in both the scattering and refractive index of tumor tissue has been observed. The change in tissue morphology has induced the change in the slope of the scattering spectrum. Thus, the light penetration depth into tumor has increased by almost 1.5–2 times in the near infrared “optical windows.” Raman spectra have shown lower lipid content and higher protein content in tumor. The difference in the optical parameters of the tissues under study makes it possible to reliably differentiate them. The results may be useful for modeling the distribution of laser radiation in healthy tissues and cancers for deriving optimal irradiation conditions in photodynamic therapy.