bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Santo Loredana , Davim J. Paulo 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

In recent years,
sustainable manufacturing
has received considerable attention as a solution to support the growth and expansion of the manufacturing industry, which has been accompanied by growing concerns about climate change, energy security, and scarcity of natural resources. Innovation is strongly required to improve environmental performance and to preserve production and jobs in the coming years. In this article, a definition of sustainable manufacturing is proposed as well as of sustainable development and eco‐innovation. Methodologies for the development of sustainable products and new approaches for environmentally sustainable manufacturing are introduced. Finally, two illustrative studies are discussed. The former is an innovative process for exhausted tire recycling, and the latter is dry machining or minimum quantity of lubricant (MQL) in metal‐fabricated products manufacturing.
Behavioral Modeling of Microwave Transistors
Authors: Pedro José Carlos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article presents an overview of microwave transistors' behavioral modeling. It starts by introducing the concepts of behavioral modeling, framing them into the general theory of nonlinear system identification, to show afterward how these nonlinear system identification techniques can be used to generate technology‐independent models of arbitrary microwave devices. As it will be explained, such a process can be divided into two steps: model formulation and model extraction. Consequently, the article addresses first the methodology and the mathematical techniques required to select a particular model format. Then, it reviews briefly the measurement instruments necessary to extract the model parameters that convert a general model format into a particular mathematical representation of the desired device's input–output observable relationships.
Hybrid and Plug‐In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yang Yinye , Emadi Ali 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHybrid and plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles are vehicles that combine the use of both petroleum fuels and electricity as their energy sources to propel vehicles and power accessory systems. In general, they are more fuel efficient and environment friendly than conventional petroleum‐powered vehicles in the same class, while being more financially accessible and technically established than pure electric vehicles; thus, hybrid and plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles serve as significant players in the progress of vehicle electrifying transition and result in remarkable market influence in the automotive industry. This article introduces the fundamental concepts of hybrid electric vehicles and plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles, respectively. It gives an overview of the hybrid technologies, current development, benefits, and advantages that these two hybrids have achieved. Different categories and configurations are specified in each type in detail, while diverse operation modes and control strategies are analyzed and illustrated. In addition, parallel comparisons between hybrid electric vehicles, plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles, conventional vehicles, and electric vehicles are made throughout the article in terms of their similarities and differences. Also, the challenges surrounding the future development of hybrid and plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles are discussed at the end of the article.
Integrated and Embedded Passives
Authors: Ulrich Richard 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The ability to integrate transistors into a common substrate started the microelectronics revolution half a century ago. In the past couple of decades, considerable research and development (R&D) efforts have been mounted to do the same for passive devices: resistors, capacitors, and inductors. The ability to integrate them into a circuit board instead of mounting them as individual components on the board's surfaces would provide benefits similar to that observed in integrated circuits (ICs): very low incremental cost per passive, the liberation of board surface area for ICs, improved performance for some, and shortened interconnect lengths. Today, a small fraction of passives in consumer devices is integrated in devices where size is critical. Small‐valued inductors are commonly integrated in cell phones because they require only metal patterning for fabrication. There are several commercial sources for resistor integration over a wide range of values. Choices for capacitor dielectrics are still limited, and there are no commercialized materials and methods for integrating anything above the smallest values of required capacitors. Work continues in all three areas. This article provides an overview of the basic science and technology of passive integration and the most attractive application areas.
Advanced Packaging of Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Tang Zirong , Shi Tielin , Shi Frank G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the packaging technologies of advanced optoelectronics devices and systems have evolved rapidly to meet the fast‐growing industry of optoelectronics. However, packaging expense still accounts for a major portion of the overall cost of optoelectronics devices and systems. With the driving trend of higher power, smaller size, and higher reliability, many advanced packaging technologies are emerging. In this article, we present a comprehensive introduction of packaging design rules, advanced packaging materials, and packaging processes. Specific examples with state‐of‐art packaging methodologies are given for some typical devices, including high‐power, light‐emitting diodes; high‐power semiconductor lasers; liquid crystal displays; and fiber‐related optical devices. Insights on the technological development trend and philosophy are also discussed for advanced packaging of optoelectronic devices.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Grafted Porous Au‐Paper Electrode for an Microfluidic Electro‐Analytical Origami Device
Authors: Ge Lei , Wang Shoumei , Yu Jinghua , Li Nianqiang , Ge Shenguang , Yan Mei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMolecular imprinting technique is introduced into microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μ‐PADs) through electropolymerization of molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) in a novel Au nanoparticle (AuNP) modified paper working electrode (Au‐PWE). This is fabricated through the growth of a AuNP layer on the surfaces of cellulose fibers in the PWE. Due to the porous morphology of paper as well as the high specific surface area and conductivity of the resulting AuNP layer on the cellulose fibers, the effective surface area and the sensitivity of the Au‐PWE is enhanced remarkably. Based on this novel MIP‐Au‐PWE and the principle of origami, a microfluidic MIP‐based electro‐analytical origami device (μ‐MEOD), comprised of one auxiliary pad surrounded by four sample tabs, is developed for the detection of D‐glutamic acid in a linear range from 1.2 nM to 125.0 nM with a low detection limit of 0.2 nM. The selectivity, reproducibility, and stability of this μ‐MEOD are investigated. This μ‐MEOD would provide a new platform for high‐throughput, sensitive, specific, and multiplex assay as well as point‐of‐care diagnosis in public health, environmental monitoring, and the developing world.
Multi‐Stimuli Responsive Hydrogel Cilia
Authors: Glazer P. J. , Leuven J. , An H. , Lemay S. G. , Mendes E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLarge arrays of high aspect ratio, artificial hydrogel based cilia that can respond to multiple stimuli are produced by means of micro‐fabrication techniques. The cilia operate in aqueous solutions and are sensitive to pH, electric and/or magnetic fields. The biomimetic system combines both sensing and motility. Detection of changes in environment, such as a decrease in pH, triggers a collective response, to an external time‐dependent magnetic field.
Affinity Based Multilayered Polymeric Self‐Assemblies for Oral Wound Applications
Authors: Authimoolam Sundar P. , Puleo David A. , Dziubla Thomas D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOral mucositis, a painful and debilitating ulcerative wound condition, is a frequently occurring complication following chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy. While the current standards of therapy (e.g., gels and mouth rinses) provide temporary relief, there is still an unmet need for a robust, long acting barrier that can provide lubricating protection in oral wounds, thereby enhancing the wound healing response. It is proposed that an affinity based layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly that can be administered as a series of mouth rinses could permit the formation of protective barriers, providing a modular approach to regenerative oral therapy. In this study, biotinylated poly(acrylic acid) was synthesized for developing LBL assemblies using biotin‐streptavidin affinity linkages. To explore the ability of developed LBL assemblies to potentially resist the harsh intraoral environment, in vitro chemical and ex vivo mechanical tests were performed. The stability results demonstrated significant LBL barrier stability with wear resistance. From statistical analyses, it was deduced that polymer MW and the number of LBL layers contributed significantly to chemical barrier stability. Also, the extent of biotin conjugation played a key role for LBL development and in mechanical barrier stability. Thus, the proposed affinity based LBLs with their excellent barrier properties offer a modular treatment approach in oral mucosal injuries.
Fate specification in the adult brain – lessons for eliciting neurogenesis from glial cells
Authors: Ninkovic Jovica , Götz Magdalena 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the adult mammalian brain, neurogenesis is restricted to few regions, while gliogenesis continues in a wide‐spread manner. Here we discuss our knowledge of extrinsic and intrinsic factors regulating neuro‐ and gliogenesis in the adult brain and propose a model of fate specification identifying the states of easiest transition between glio‐ and neurogenesis, highlighting the unique mechanisms stabilising the neural stem cell state. The model also encompasses the fate alterations achieved by direct reprogramming, and hence addresses a novel avenue for repair, namely eliciting neurogenesis from glial cells outside the neurogenic niches.
Changes in the management of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm disease in Sweden
Authors: Mani K , Björck M , Wanhainen A 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has changed over time, with endovascular repair (EVAR) being the main technical revolution. This study assessed the effect of this change on outcome on a national basis over a 17-year interval.

Methods
Primary infrarenal AAA repairs in Swedish residents aged 50 years and older, in the Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) 1994–2010, were analysed. The rate per 100 000 population, patient characteristics, operative technique and outcome were assessed for the intervals 1994–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2010.

Results
Some 11 336 intact aneurysm repairs were performed. The overall rate per 100 000 increased (18·4 in 1994–1999, 19·4 in 2000–2005 and 24·0 in 2006–2010; P &lt; 0·001), most noticeably among older people (18 per cent increase among those aged 50–64 years, P = 0·004; 27 per cent in 65–79-year-olds, P &lt; 0·001; 128 per cent in those aged at least 80 years, P &lt; 0·001). The use of EVAR increased rapidly after 2005 (rate: 0·6 in 1994–1999, 4·4 in 2000–2005 and 11·8 in 2006–2010; P &lt; 0·001). The 30-day mortality rate decreased after open repair (4·7, 3·4 and 2·7 per cent respectively; P &lt; 0·001), but was stable after EVAR (2·6, 2·2 and 1·6 per cent; P = 0·227). Some 4972 ruptured aneurysm (rAAA) repairs were performed. The rate decreased after 2005 (9·3 in 1993–1999, 9·3 in 2000–2005 and 8·4 in 2006–2010; P = 0·006). The use of EVAR for rAAA increased over time (rate: 0, 0·5 and 1·6 respectively; P &lt; 0·001), whereas open repair decreased (9·3, 8·8 and 6·8; P &lt; 0·001). Thirty-day mortality decreased over time (38·3, 32·8 and 28·4 per cent; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
The introduction of EVAR has been associated with an increased number of intact AAA repairs, which has accelerated recently, whereas the rate of rAAA repair has started to decline. Simultaneously, outcomes have improved.
Suitability of endoscopic submucosal dissection for treatment of submucosal gastric cancers
Authors: Lee I-S , Yook J-H , Park Y-S , Kim K-C , Oh S-T , Kim B-S 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is not considered appropriate for all submucosal cancers owing to the risk of lymph node metastasis and difficulty estimating the deep margin status. This study aimed to determine predictive factors for lymph node metastases in submucosal cancer and to explore in which patients ESD might be feasible.

Methods
Details of patients who had curative gastrectomy for submucosal gastric cancer at Asan Medical Centre from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively to determine the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics, including age, sex, tumour location, size, gross appearance, depth of invasion, histological type/differentiation, presence of lymphovascular/perineural invasion, and immunohistochemical staining results for p53, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1 and HER2.

Results
A total of 1773 patients were analysed. The presence of lymphovascular invasion was related most strongly to lymph node metastasis. Multivariable analysis revealed that depth of invasion, tumour size, differentiation, gross appearance and perineural invasion were also related. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in four of 105 patients who met the classical criteria for ESD; all showed a moderately differentiated histological appearance. No lymph node metastases were observed in well differentiated SM1 tumours of any size (infiltration into upper third of submucosa), or in well differentiated SM2 (infiltration into middle third of submucosa) tumours of 2 cm or less without lymphovascular invasion.

Conclusion
Patients with well differentiated SM1 cancer of any size and those with well differentiated SM2 cancer of 2 cm or less without lymphovascular invasion may be suitable candidates for ESD.
Baseline thyroid indices and the subsequent response to citalopram treatment, a pilot study
Authors: Abulseoud Osama A. , Gitlin Michael , Altshuler Lori , Frye Mark A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe lack of reliable outcome predictors and the delayed onset of therapeutic response to antidepressants are among the clinical challenges in the treatment of depression. Identifying clinical correlates associated with antidepressant response would reduce symptom severity and morbidity for patients with depression. Twenty‐three subjects with major depression were treated with citalopram 20 mg/day in a 6‐week open trial and were also simultaneously randomized to either adjunctive triiodothyronine (T3) 25 μg BID (n = 7), pindolol 5 mg BID (n = 8), or placebo (n = 8). Baseline thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), FT4, FT3, and TT3 were measured for potential relationships to treatment response across groups. In males only, there was a significant inverse correlation between baseline free T4 and time to response (r = −0.7, P = 0.034). In both males and females across all treatment conditions, as measured by Kaplan–Meier (K–M) maintenance failure time, baseline TSH below the mean (1.5 ng/dL) was associated with a shorter time to response (50% reduction in Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] score) (χ2 = 4.53, df = 1, P = 0.03). Patients with baseline TSH above the mean were less likely to reach full remission (MADRS ≤ 7) (χ2 = 4.38, df = 1, P = 0.03). No significant differences between groups emerged in the mean response time. Baseline thyroid function, as measured by serum free T4 and TSH, may predict a patient's response time to antidepressant treatment with citalopram.
MOFs as Multifunctional Catalysts: Synthesis of Secondary Arylamines, Quinolines, Pyrroles, and Arylpyrrolidines over Bifunctional MIL‐101
Authors: Cirujano Francisco G. , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Corma Avelino , Llabrés i Xamena Francesc X. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBifunctional MIL‐101 MOFs containing Lewis acid Cr3+ sites and Pd or Pt hydrogenation/reduction centers, either as isolated metal complexes or in the form of encapsulated metal nanoparticles, have shown to be highly active catalysts for the one‐pot nitroarene reduction and reductive amination of carbonyl compounds. This preparation procedure has been successfully applied to the synthesis of secondary arylamines, quinolines, pyrrols, and 3‐arylpyrrolidines. In all the cases, the MOFs have shown superior performances with respect to commercially available Pd and Pt metal catalysts under the same conditions.
Airports and Environment: Proposal of Wastewater Reclamation at São Paulo International Airport
Authors: Ribeiro Elaine Nolasco , de Sousa Wilson Cabral , de Julio Marcelo , Irrazabal Wilfredo Urruchi , Nolasco Marcelo Antunes 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOne way to reduce water consumption in urban areas is by using alternative sources of supply that can be provided by collecting rainwater and reusing wastewater for less restricted purposes. Thus, this study evaluated the characteristics of effluents produced by the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of São Paulo International Airport (SPIA), Brazil, in order to reuse it in non‐potable situations. The results achieved, indicated high efficiency in the biological system utilized by SPIA. The removal rates is equal to or >90% for most of the parameters analyzed, among them, fluoride, salinity, nitrite, nitrate, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, sedimentable solids, turbidity, conductivity, apparent color, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, fecal coliforms, and oils and greases. Despite the final effluents were good enough to be launched in the local streams, they shall be submitted to a complementary treatment in order to fit some quality parameters to be reused for specific demands (landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, vehicle washing, fire fighting, and dust control).
Methylation of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) predicts recurrence in patients with curatively resected stage I non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Harada Hiroaki , Miyamoto Kazuaki , Yamashita Yoshinori , Nakano Kikuo , Taniyama Kiyomi , Miyata Yoshihiro , Ohdan Hideki , Okada Morihito 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND:Even after early detection and curative resection of early stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a significant fraction of patients develop recurrent disease. Molecular biomarkers that can predict the risk of recurrence thus need to be identified to improve clinical outcomes.METHODS:Using the methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction assay, promoter methylation of the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) was assessed in cancer tissues from 70 patients with curatively resected stage I NSCLC. The clinical relevance of BRCA1 methylation status was evaluated in terms of outcome of the disease.RESULTS:Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter was detected in 13 of 70 patients (18.6%). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that BRCA1 methylation was an independent risk factor for recurrence (P = .0197) and that patients with BRCA1 methylation demonstrated significantly poorer recurrence‐free survival compared to those without (P = .0139). Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that BRCA1 methylation was an independent risk factor for recurrence‐free survival (P = .0155).CONCLUSIONS:Methylated BRCA1 can be a potential biomarker that predicts the prognosis after curative resection of stage I NSCLC. Considering that BRCA1 plays a role in chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis, it is plausible that identification of methylated BRCA1 could provide information that is clinically relevant to tailored adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Nanocavity‐Based Determination of Absolute Values of Photoluminescence Quantum Yields
Authors: Chizhik Alexey I. , Gregor Ingo , Ernst Benedikt , Enderlein Jörg 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present a new method for determining absolute values of quantum yield of luminescent emitters, which is based on the modification of the radiative transition of emitters within a tunable metallic nanocavity. The method presented is easy to set up and works without any calibration. It will thus be useful for all applications where absolute and calibration‐free measurements of luminescence quantum yields are needed. Moreover, it requires only a minute amount of low‐concentration fluorophore solution. We give a detailed description of the theory and data evaluation of the nanocavity measurements, and report experimental results for several common dyes in aqueous solution.
Analysis by flow cytometry of calcium influx kinetics in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bajnok Anna , Kaposi Ambrus , Kovács László , Vásárhelyi Barna , Balog Attila , Toldi Gergely 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe transient increase of the cytoplasmic free calcium level in T lymphocytes plays a key role in initiating and maintaining the autoimmune reaction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Kv1.3 and IKCa1 potassium channels are important regulators of the maintenance of calcium influx during lymphocyte activation and present a possible target for selective immunomodulation. We aimed to compare peripheral T lymphocyte calcium influx kinetics upon activation in patients with recently diagnosed and established RA, and to demonstrate the differences in analysis of kinetic flow cytometry data when using two different algorithms. We took peripheral blood samples from nine patients with recently diagnosed and six patients with established RA. We evaluated calcium influx kinetics following activation in CD4, Th1, Th2, and CD8 cells applying an approach based on smoothing of median fluorescence values (FlowJo) and an algorithm based on function fitting (FacsKin). We assessed the sensitivity of the above subsets to specific inhibition of the Kv1.3 and IKCa1 potassium channels. Th2 cells of patients with established RA react slower to activating stimuli, whereas CD8 cells show a faster reaction than in patients with recently diagnosed RA. While initially Th1 cells are less sensitive to the inhibition of Kv1.3 and IKCa1 channels in RA, their sensitivity increases along with the duration of the disease. With the algorithm of function fitting instead of smoothing, more statistically significant differences of potassium channel inhibition between the two RA groups could be demonstrated. The function fitting algorithm applied by FacsKin is suitable to provide a common basis for evaluating and comparing flow cytometry kinetic data. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry