bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' dental anxiety and oral health literacy: effects on parents' and children's oral health‐related experiences
Authors: Shin William K. , Braun Thomas M. , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore a) the relationship between parents'/guardians' dental anxiety and oral health literacy and b) those between these variables and background and oral health‐related characteristics.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 187 parents/guardians (81% female; average age 37 years). Dental anxiety was measured with the Dental Anxiety Scale – Revised (DAS‐R) and oral health literacy with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (REALD‐30). Children's dental charts were reviewed to collect information about their dental treatment.ResultsDAS‐R and REALD‐30 scores were correlated (r = −0.22; P = 0.003). A multivariate regression model with DAS‐R score as the dependent variable showed that the DAS‐R score has a significant multivariate association with REALD‐30, oral health, income, and presence of fillings.ConclusionsDental anxiety and oral health literacy are related. However, DAS score has a significant multivariate association with the four variables REALD‐30 score, oral health, income, and presence of fillings. These findings show that among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, the contributors to poor oral health are interrelated and multidetermined and include poor oral health literacy and dental anxiety. The public health message is that in order to improve the overall oral health of socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, public health stakeholders need to consider how to communicate with these patients effectively and how to reduce dental anxiety. Gaining a better understanding of how to communicate with parents a) at an appropriate literacy level and b) in a way that it reduces dental anxiety is therefore crucial.
Short duration of lamivudine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus transmission in pregnancy: lack of potency and selection of resistance mutations
Authors: Ayres A. , Yuen L. , Jackson K. M. , Manoharan S. , Glass A. , Maley M. , Yoo W. , Hong S. P. , Kim S.‐O. , Luciani F. , Bowden D. S. , Bayliss J. , Levy M. T. , Locarnini S. A. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis study sought to assess the antiviral efficacy of lamivudine (LMV) administered during third trimester to reduce maternal viraemia and to identify the emergence of LMV resistance. A prospective observational analysis was performed on 26 mothers with high viral load (>107 IU/mL). Twenty‐one women received LMV (treated group) for an average of 53 days (range 22–88 days), and the remaining five formed the untreated control group. Serum samples from two time points were used to measure HBV DNA levels and antiviral drug resistance. The LMV‐treated women achieved a median HBV DNA reduction of 2.6‐log10 IU/mL. Although end‐of‐treatment (EOT) HBV DNA in four (18%) LMV‐treated women remained at >107 IU/mL (±0.5 log IU/mL), no mother‐to‐baby transmission was observed. In contrast, a baby from the untreated mother was HBsAg positive at 9 months postpartum. Four technologies were used for drug resistance testing. Only ultra‐deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) was sufficiently sensitive to detect minor viral variants down to <1%. UDPS showed that LMV therapy resulted in increased viral quasispecies diversity and positive selection of HBV variants with reverse transcriptase amino acid substitutions at sites associated with primary LMV resistance (rtM204I/V and rtA181T) in four (19%) women. These viral variants were detected mostly at low frequencies (0.63–5.92%) at EOT, but one LMV‐treated mother had an rtA181T variant that increased from 2.2% pretherapy to 25.59% at EOT. This mother was also infected with the vaccine escape variant (sG145R), which was inhibited by LMV treatment. LMV therapy during late pregnancy only reduced maternal viraemia moderately, and drug‐resistant viral variants emerged.
Spatiotemporal changes in the genetic diversity of harmful algal blooms caused by the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum
Authors: Dia A. , Guillou L. , Mauger S. , Bigeard E. , Marie D. , Valero M. , Destombe C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOrganisms with sexual and asexual reproductive systems benefit from both types of reproduction. Sexual recombination generates new combinations of alleles, whereas clonality favours the spread of the fittest genotype through the entire population. Therefore, the rate of sexual vs. clonal reproduction has a major influence on the demography and genetic structure of natural populations. We addressed the effect of reproductive system on populations of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. More specifically, we monitored the spatiotemporal genetic diversity during and between bloom events in two estuaries separated by 150 km for two consecutive years. An analysis of population genetic patterns using microsatellite markers revealed surprisingly high genotypic and genetic diversity. Moreover, there was significant spatial and temporal genetic differentiation during and between bloom events. Our results demonstrate that (i) interannual genetic differentiation can be very high, (ii) estuaries are partially isolated during bloom events and (iii) genetic diversity can change rapidly during a bloom event. This rapid genetic change may reflect selective effects that are nevertheless not strong enough to reduce allelic diversity. Thus, sexual reproduction and/or migration may regularly erase any genetic structure produced within estuaries during a bloom event.
What constrains the distribution of orchid populations?
Authors: McCormick Melissa K. , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe distribution and abundance of orchid populations depend on a suite of biological and ecological factors, including seed production and dispersal, availability of mycorrhizal fungi and appropriate environmental conditions, with the weighting of these factors depending on the spatial scale considered. Disentangling the factors determining successful orchid establishment represents a major challenge, involving seed germination experiments, molecular techniques and assessment of environmental conditions. Identification of fungi from large‐scale surveys of mycorrhizal associations in a range of orchid species has shown that mycorrhizal fungi may be widespread and occur in varied habitats. Further, a meta‐analysis of seed introduction experiments revealed similar seed germination in occupied and unoccupied habitat patches. Orchid rarity was also unrelated to mycorrhizal specificity. Nonetheless, seed germination within sites appears to depend on both biotic and abiotic conditions. In the few cases that have been examined, coexisting orchids have distinct mycorrhizal communities and show strong spatial segregation, suggesting that mycorrhizal fungi are important drivers of niche partitioning and contribute to orchid coexistence. A broader investigation of orchid mycorrhizal fungus distribution in the soil, coupled with fungus and recruitment mapping, is needed to translate fungal abundance to orchid population dynamics and may lead to better orchid conservation.
A global analysis of bidirectional interactions in alpine plant communities shows facilitators experiencing strong reciprocal fitness costs
Authors: Schöb Christian , Michalet Richard , Cavieres Lohengrin A. , Pugnaire Francisco I. , Brooker Rob W. , Butterfield Bradley J. , Cook Bradley J. , Kikvidze Zaal , Lortie Christopher J. , Xiao Sa , Al Hayek Patrick , Anthelme Fabien , Cranston Brittany H. , García Mary‐Carolina , Le Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann , Reid Anya M. , le Roux Peter C. , Lingua Emanuele , Nyakatya Mawethu J. , Touzard Blaise , Zhao Liang , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: December 2013

Summary

Facilitative interactions are defined as positive effects of one species on another, but bidirectional feedbacks may be positive, neutral, or negative. Understanding the bidirectional nature of these interactions is a fundamental prerequisite for the assessment of the potential evolutionary consequences of facilitation.

In a global study combining observational and experimental approaches, we quantified the impact of the cover and richness of species associated with alpine cushion plants on reproductive traits of the benefactor cushions.

We found a decline in cushion seed production with increasing cover of cushion‐associated species, indicating that being a benefactor came at an overall cost. The effect of cushion‐associated species was negative for flower density and seed set of cushions, but not for fruit set and seed quality. Richness of cushion‐associated species had positive effects on seed density and modulated the effects of their abundance on flower density and fruit set, indicating that the costs and benefits of harboring associated species depend on the composition of the plant assemblage.

Our study demonstrates ‘parasitic’ interactions among plants over a wide range of species and environments in alpine systems, and we consider their implications for the possible selective effects of interactions between benefactor and beneficiary species.
VLCAD deficiency in a patient who recovered from ventricular fibrillation, but died suddenly of a respiratory syncytial virus infection
Authors: Yamamoto Akiko , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Matsumoto Shirou , Iwai Masanori , Shigematsu Yosuke , Tajima Go , Tsumura Miyuki , Okada Satoshi , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Endo Fumio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractVLCAD deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect of fatty acid oxidation. The phenotype is classified into three clinical forms on the basis of the onset of symptoms: a severe form with neonatal onset; a milder form with childhood onset; and a late‐onset form. The neonatal form is the most common, and has a higher mortality rate than the others. We report the case of a newborn infant with VLCAD deficiency who developed ventricular fibrillation, which was successfully treated by intensive care, but who suddenly died after a respiratory syncytial virus infection. Early institution of i.v. glucose treatment and active immunization with vaccine, such as palivizumab (anti‐RSV mAb), may be important to reduce the frequency and severity of life‐threatening episodes.
Case of cytomegalovirus‐associated direct anti‐globulin test‐negative autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Authors: Kaneko Saeko , Sato Masanori , Sasaki Goro , Eguchi Hiroyuki , Oishi Tsutomu , Kamesaki Toyomi , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA 1‐year‐old boy developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia after a negative direct anti‐globulin test. The concentration of erythrocyte membrane‐associated immunoglobulin G, determined using an immunoradiometric assay, correlated with disease activity. He was positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV) both serologically and by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, indicating that his autoimmune hemolytic anemia was directly caused by CMV infection. Since anti‐CMV immunoglobulin G was not absorbed by the patient's erythrocytes, cross‐reaction between erythrocyte antigens and CMV was not likely a causative factor for hemolysis.
Apnea with RSV infection in three infants receiving palivizumab
Authors: Del Vecchio Michael Thomas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe present report describes three infants receiving palivizumab prophylaxis who presented with apnea associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. All three were found to be RSV positive but had mild bronchiolitis courses. Even though palivizumab has been shown to be an effective prophylaxis in preventing RSV bronchiolitis hospitalizations, its effect on apnea is unknown. The cases presented raise the concern that apnea associated with RSV must still be considered in infants who receive proper prophylaxis with palivizumab. Also, if palivizumab is found to be ineffective in preventing apnea, clinical management of these patients could be altered.
The quantitative analysis of spreadability, coverage, and adhesion effect after application of the base make‐up product
Authors: Lee S. Y. , Baek J. H. , Shin M. K. , Koh J. S. 
Published: December 2013

Background/purposeIt is needed to evaluate the spreadability, coverage, and adhesion of facial base makeup products.MethodsUsing the oscillation applicator or hand application, 20 volunteers spread the liquid foundation on their faces and forearms. To assess the spreadability, coverage, and adhesion, we analyzed digital images of volunteers' faces to measure spreadability and coverage, and we measured the adhesion effect on the forearm by tape‐stripping.ResultsIn terms of spreadability, coverage, and adhesion, the results of group who used the ‘oscillation applicator’ were significantly twice as high as the other group who applied by hand.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated a method for quantitative assessing the effect of spreadability, coverage, and adhesion of the liquid foundation used in base makeup. Also, we discovered a distinction between using an oscillation applicator and using hand application. It is expected that image analysis assessment and tape‐stripping would be useful parameters for the evaluation of the facial base makeup.
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat): its role on equine corneal fibrosis and matrix metalloproteinase activity
Authors: Donnelly Kevin S. , Giuliano Elizabeth A. , Sharma Ajay , Mohan Rajiv R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) (i) on corneal fibroblast differentiation, morphology, and viability; and (ii) on the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 using an in vitro model of equine corneal fibrosis.ProcedureHealthy donor corneas were used to generate primary cultures of equine corneal fibroblasts. The fibroblasts were exposed to 5 ng/mL TGFβ1 to induce myofibroblast formation. The cultures were treated with either 5 μm or 10 μm SAHA for 72 h in the presence of TGFβ1. Real‐time PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to determine the antifibrotic efficacy of SAHA by quantifying α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), a marker of myofibroblast formation and fibrosis. Real‐time PCR was used to determine the effects of SAHA on MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Cytotoxicity of SAHA was evaluated with phase contrast microscopy and trypan blue exclusion assays.ResultsSuberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) significantly attenuated TGFβ1‐induced differentiation of equine fibroblasts to myofibroblasts as indicated by 3‐ to 3.5‐fold (P < 0.001) decrease in αSMA mRNA and 86–88% (P < 0.001) decrease in αSMA+ immunocytochemical staining. SAHA treatment also resulted in 4.5‐ to 5.5‐fold (P < 0.01) decrease in MMP9 expression. A dose‐dependent bimodal effect of SAHA on MMP2 expression was noted (3.5‐fold increase with 5 μm dose; 0.5‐fold decrease with 10 μm dose). No change in fibroblast viability was observed with a 5 μm SAHA dose, whereas a 10 μm dose resulted in a moderate 17% decrease in cell viability.ConclusionsSuberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) can effectively inhibit TGFβ‐induced differentiation of equine corneal fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and modulates MMP production in vitro.
Evaluation of in vitro storage properties of apheresis platelets suspended in a bicarbonate‐containing additive solution with low levels of plasma and stored with a 24‐hour interruption of agitation
Authors: Skripchenko A. , Turgeon A. , Thompson‐Montgomery D. , Awatefe H. , Wagner S. J. 
Published: December 2013

Background and ObjectivesPLT additive solutions (PAS) are useful for reducing the frequency and/or severity of plasma‐associated transfusion reactions. A new PAS solution, PAS‐5, containing 5% plasma, maintains in vitro PLT properties during 7‐day storage. Periods with interruption of agitation (IA) ≤24 h routinely occur during PLT shipment and do not usually compromise platelet quality. The aim of the study was to evaluate the properties of PLTs stored for 7 days in 95% PAS‐5/5% plasma subjected to a 24‐h IA.Materials and methodsDouble apheresis Amicus units (n = 12) were collected using a manual PAS‐5 addition to hyperconcentrated PLTs. PLT units were equally divided in two containers. Control and test PLTs were stored with continuous agitation at 20–24°C except for 24‐h IA period for test units between days 2–3.ResultsDuring storage, levels of glucose, lactate, mitochondrial membrane potential and aggregation significantly differed in test units compared to those of control. The pH levels of test PLTs were less than those of control units with 7/12 test units having pHs <6·2 on Day 7 compared to 1/12 control units. Morphology score, GP1bα expression, ESC values, superoxide production were also less, and activation was greater in test PLTs than those of control. All other parameters were similar between test and control units.ConclusionPLTs stored in PAS‐5 solution containing 5% plasma with a 24‐h IA results in marked decrements in many in vitro PLT quality parameters during 7‐day storage.
RADIOGRAPHIC AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF LEFT ATRIAL SIZE IN 100 CATS WITH ACUTE LEFT‐SIDED CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Authors: Schober Karsten E. , Wetli Ellen , Drost Wm Tod 
Published: December 2013

The aims of this study were to evaluate left atrial size in cats with acute left‐sided congestive heart failure. We hypothesized that left atrial size as determined by thoracic radiography can be normal in cats with acute left‐sided congestive heart failure. One hundred cats with acute left‐sided congestive heart failure in which thoracic radiography and echocardiography were performed within 12 h were identified. Left atrial size was evaluated using right lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs. Measurements were compared to two‐dimensional echocardiographic variables of left atrial size and left ventricular size. On echocardiography, left atrial enlargement was observed in 96% cats (subjective assessment) whereas maximum left atrial dimension was increased (>15.7 mm) in 93% cats. On radiographs left atrial enlargement (subjective assessment) was found in 48% (lateral view), 53% (ventrodorsal view), and 64% (any view) of cats whereas left atrial enlargement was absent in 36% of cats in both views. Agreement between both methods of left atrial size estimation was poor (Cohen's kappa 0.17). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a maximum echocardiographic left atrial dimension of approximately 20 mm as the best compromise (Youden index) between sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of radiographic left atrial enlargement.Left atrial enlargement as assessed by thoracic radiography may be absent in a clinically relevant number of cats with congestive heart failure. Therefore, normal left atrial size on thoracic radiographs does not rule out presence of left‐sided congestive heart failure in cats with clinical signs of respiratory distress.
Choked-Flow Inlet Orifice Bubbler for Creating Small Bubbles in Mercury
Authors: Wendel Mark , Abdou Ashraf , Riemer Bernard 
Published: December 2013

Pressure waves created in liquid mercury pulsed spallation targets like the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, induce cavitation damage on the target container. The cavitation damage is thought to limit the lifetime of the target for power levels at and above 1 MW. One way to mitigate the damage would be to absorb the pressure pulse energy into a dispersed population of small bubbles, however, creating a bubble size distribution that is sufficiently large and disperse in mercury is challenging due to the high surface tension. Also, measuring the population is complicated by the opacity and the high level of turbulent mixing.
Recent advances in bubble diagnostics by batch sampling the mercury made it possible to compare bubble populations for different techniques in a SNS-1/20th scale test loop. More than 10 bubblers were tested and the most productive bubblers were taken for in-beam testing at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) WNR user facility. One bubbler design, referred to as the inlet-orifice bubbler, that showed moderate success in creating populations also has an added advantage that it could easily be included in the existing SNS full-scale mercury target configuration. Improvements to the bubbler were planned including a reduction of the nozzle size to choke the gas injection, thus steadying the injected mass flow and allowing multiple nozzles to work off of a common plenum. For the first time, reliable bubble population data are available in the prototypical target geometry and can be compared with populations that mitigated cavitation damage. This paper presents those experimental results.
Development of a Novel Pressure-Based Coupled CFD Solver for Turbulent Compressible Flows in Turbomachinery Applications
Authors: Mangani Luca , Darwish Marwan , Moukalled Fadl 
Published: December 2013

This paper reports on a newly developed fully coupled pressure-based algorithm for the solution of turbulent all-speed compressible flows implemented within the framework of the open-source OpenFOAM® library.
In the algorithm the velocity and pressure fields are assembled into one extended system of equations that is diagonally dominant and then resolved simultaneously using a robust algebraic multigrid solver. At the heart of this algorithm is a re-derived fully coupled pressure equation that is very similar in form to the rhie-chow segregated pressure equation. After presenting the details of the coupled approach its performance is compared to that of a pressure-based SIMPLE compressible solver again implemented in OpenFOAM. A number of tests including laminar and turbulent flow problems are thus solved using both methodologies with their convergence history and computational cost compared.