bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokine and acute‐phase proteins response following vaccination against infectious bronchitis in broilers
Authors: Anousheh Dana , Allymehr Manoochehr , Talebi Alireza , Asri‐Rezaei Siamak 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInfectious bronchitis (IB) is an important disease of poultry, and vaccination is the best method of preventing IB in the poultry industry worldwide.ObjectivesThis study was designed to evaluate cytokine and acute‐phase protein (APP) responses and their correlations with antibody titres following vaccination regimes against IB in the broiler.Materials and MethodsBroilers were vaccinated with H120 and 1/96 vaccine strains, and MIX (H120 + 1/96) vaccine strains on Days 0 and 14. Heterophils/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, APPs including chicken serum amyloid A (SAA), chicken pentraxin 3 (chPTX3), chicken interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), chicken interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels and antibody titres were measured.ResultsAn increase in the H/L ratio, SAA, chPTX3, IL‐1β and IL‐6 levels in vaccinated groups was observed 1 day after the first (highest rates) and second (lower levels) vaccination up to 3 days in three different patterns and then started to decrease. The results showed an immediate, short‐lived response and moderate increases in all criteria. Changing patterns of APPs were different but in similar pattern after the first and second immunization in vaccinated groups. A positive correlation between all criteria values on Days 1 and 15 with antibody titres on Day 28 may indicate agonistic cross‐regulation.ConclusionDifferent types of IB vaccines could induce different patterns of APPs responses, which can be used to evaluate immune response outcomes in vaccine design, development and administration. The IL‐6 with the highest increase can be a sensitive parameter and chPTX3 with the high increase could be an important criterion.
Low-energy theorem revisited and OPE in massless QCD
Authors: Bochicchio Marco , Pallante Elisabetta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We revisit a low-energy theorem (LET) of NSVZ type in SU(N) QCD with Nf massless quarks derived in [1] by implementing it in dimensional regularization. The LET relates n-point correlators in the l.h.s. to n + 1-point correlators with the extra insertion of TrF2 at zero momentum in the r.h.s. We demonstrate that, for 2-point correlators of an operator O in the l.h.s., the LET implies that, in general, the integrated 3-point correlator in the r.h.s. needs in perturbation theory an infinite additive renormalization in addition to the multiplicative one. We relate the above counterterm to a corresponding divergent contact term in a certain coefficient of the OPE of TrF2 with O in the momentum representation, thus extending to any operator O an independent argument that first appeared for O = TrF2 in [2]. Finally, we demonstrate that in the asymptotically free phase of QCD the aforementioned counterterm in the LET is actually finite nonperturbatively after resummation to all perturbative orders. We also briefly recall the implications of the LET in the gauge-invariant framework of dimensional regularization for the perturbative and nonperturbative renormalization in large-N QCD. The implications of the LET inside and above the conformal window of SU(N) QCD with Nf massless quarks will appear in a forthcoming paper.
Exploring the conformal transition from above and below
Authors: Pomarol Alex , Salas Lindber 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider conformal transitions arising from the merging of IR and UV fixed points, expected to occur in QCD with a large enough number of flavors. We study the smoothness of physical quantities across this transition, being mostly determined by the logarithmic breaking of conformal invariance. We investigate this explicitly using holography where approaching the conformal transition either from outside or inside the conformal window (perturbed by a mass term) is characterized by the same dynamics. The mass of spin-1 mesons and Fπ are shown to be continuous across the transition, as well as the dilaton mass. This implies that the lightness of the dilaton cannot be a consequence of the spontaneous breaking of scale invariance when leaving the conformal window. Our analysis suggests that the light scalar observed in QCD lattice simulations is a $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

meson that becomes light since the $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

-operator dimension reaches its minimal value.
Bootstrapping the Abelian lattice gauge theories
Authors: Li Zhijin , Zhou Shutong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the ℤ2 and U(1) Abelian lattice gauge theories using a bootstrap method, in which the loop equations and positivity conditions are employed for Wilson loops with lengths L ⩽ Lmax to derive two-sided bounds on the Wilson loop averages. We address a fundamental question that whether the constraints from loop equations and positivity are strong enough to solve lattice gauge theories. We answer this question by bootstrapping the 2D U(1) lattice gauge theory. We show that with sufficiently large Lmax = 60, the two-sided bounds provide estimates for the plaquette averages with precision near 10−8 or even higher, suggesting the bootstrap constraints are sufficient to numerically pin down this theory. We compute the bootstrap bounds on the plaquette averages in the 3D ℤ2 and U(1) lattice gauge theories with Lmax = 16. In the regions with weak or strong coupling, the two-sided bootstrap bounds converge quickly and coincide with the perturbative results to high precision. The bootstrap bounds are well consistent with the Monte Carlo results in the nonperturbative region. We observe interesting connections between the bounds generated by the bootstrap computations and the Griffiths’ inequalities. We present results towards bootstrapping the string tension and glueball mass in Abelian lattice gauge theories.
Risk sharing under heterogeneous beliefs without convexity
Authors: Liebrich Felix-Benedikt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider the problem of finding (Pareto-)optimal allocations of risk among finitely many agents. The associated individual risk measures are law-invariant, but with respect to agent-dependent and potentially heterogeneous reference probability measures. Moreover, we assume that the individual risk assessments are consistent with the respective second-order stochastic dominance relations, but remain agnostic about their convexity. A simple sufficient condition for the existence of Pareto optima is provided. The proof combines local comonotonic improvement with a Dieudonné-type argument, which also establishes a link of the optimal allocation problem to the realm of “collapse to the mean” results.
Confidence-Aware Severity Assessment of Lung Disease from Chest X-Rays Using Deep Neural Network on a Multi-Reader Dataset
Authors: Zandehshahvar Mohammadreza , van Assen Marly , Kim Eun , Kiarashi Yashar , Keerthipati Vikranth , Tessarin Giovanni , Muscogiuri Emanuele , Stillman Arthur E. , Filev Peter , Davarpanah Amir H. , Berkowitz Eugene A. , Tigges Stefan , Lee Scott J. , Vey Brianna L. , De Cecco Carlo , Adibi Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we present a method based on Monte Carlo Dropout (MCD) as Bayesian neural network (BNN) approximation for confidence-aware severity classification of lung diseases in COVID-19 patients using chest X-rays (CXRs). Trained and tested on 1208 CXRs from Hospital 1 in the USA, the model categorizes severity into four levels (i.e., normal, mild, moderate, and severe) based on lung consolidation and opacity. Severity labels, determined by the median consensus of five radiologists, serve as the reference standard. The model’s performance is internally validated against evaluations from an additional radiologist and two residents that were excluded from the median. The performance of the model is further evaluated on additional internal and external datasets comprising 2200 CXRs from the same hospital and 1300 CXRs from Hospital 2 in South Korea. The model achieves an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 ± 0.01 across all classes in the primary dataset, surpassing human readers in each severity class and achieves a higher Kendall correlation coefficient (KCC) of 0.80 ± 0.03. The performance of the model is consistent across varied datasets, highlighting its generalization. A key aspect of the model is its predictive uncertainty (PU), which is inversely related to the level of agreement among radiologists, particularly in mild and moderate cases. The study concludes that the model outperforms human readers in severity assessment and maintains consistent accuracy across diverse datasets. Its ability to provide confidence measures in predictions is pivotal for potential clinical use, underscoring the BNN’s role in enhancing diagnostic precision in lung disease analysis through CXR.
Digital Duplicates and the Scarcity Problem: Might AI Make Us Less Scarce and Therefore Less Valuable?
Authors: Danaher John , Nyholm Sven 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent developments in AI and robotics enable people to create personalised digital duplicates – these are artificial, at least partial, recreations or simulations of real people. The advent of such duplicates enables people to overcome their individual scarcity. But this comes at a cost. There is a common view among ethicists and value theorists suggesting that individual scarcity contributes to or heightens the value of a life or parts of a life. In this paper, we address this topic. We make five main points. First, that there is a plausible prima facie case for the scarcity threat: AI may undermine the value of an individual human life by making us less scarce. Second, notwithstanding this prima facie threat, the role of scarcity in individual value is disputable and always exists in tension with the contrasting view that scarcity is a tragedy that limits our value. Third, there are two distinct forms of scarcity – instrumental and intrinsic – and they contribute to value in different ways. Fourth, digital duplication technology may undermine instrumental scarcity, to at least some extent, but the axiological consequences of this are highly variable. Fifth, digital duplication technology does not affect intrinsic scarcity, and may actually heighten it.
Erhebung der arbeitsplatzbezogenen subjektiven Belastungs- und Beanspruchungssituation von Akkord- und Fließbandarbeitern im Versandhandel
Authors: Rother Julia , Darius Sabine , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
In einer zunehmend digitalisierten Gesellschaft sind die Beschäftigten im Versandhandel aufgrund der steigenden Nachfrage einer hohen Arbeitsbelastung ausgesetzt, die nicht nur körperlicher, sondern auch psychischer Natur sein kann. Gerade Akkord- und Fließbandarbeit als eine Form taktgebundener Arbeit sind im Versandhandel weit verbreitet und stellen hohe Anforderungen an die Beschäftigten. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht vergleichend Faktoren der subjektiv empfundenen psychischen und körperlichen Belastung und die Folgen der subjektiv empfundenen Beanspruchung von Akkord- und Fließbandarbeitern eines deutschen Logistikunternehmens. Insgesamt wurden 49 Probanden rekrutiert, von denen 24 (Alter: 47,5 ± 11,6 Jahre) in der Kommissionierung unter Akkordbedingungen und 25 (Alter. 49,4 ± 9,1 Jahre) am Fließband beschäftigt waren. Die Erfassung der Belastung und der daraus resultierenden Beanspruchung erfolgte mittels Fragebogen zur subjektiven Einschätzung der Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz (FEBA). Die Akkordarbeiter berichteten signifikant häufiger von einer hohen körperlichen Arbeitsbelastung (p < 0,05), wohingegen die Beschäftigten am Fließband eher unter Bewegungsmangel (p < 0,001) und langen Sitzperioden (p < 0,001) litten. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Präventionsmaßnahmen abgeleitet, die die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten im Versandhandel und somit deren Arbeitsfähigkeit langfristig erhalten sollen.
Environment-Friendly, High-Performance Lignin-Derived and Polyvinyl Alcohol Blended Resin for All-Green Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composite
Authors: Pham Duc Hoa , Kumar Bijender , Kim Jaehwan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the growing awareness of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, developing bio-based, multi-functional, water-based and high-performance resins is in urgent demand for structural applications. This study demonstrates how water-based lignin-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resins can be used as a matrix in natural-fiber-reinforced composites for high-performance applications. The lignin-derived water-based resin is synthesized by blending demethylated lignin quinone (DLq) and PVA to obtain PVA-blended-DLq (PDLq) resin, followed by thermal curing. Compared to neat PVA, the optimized PDLq resin demonstrates a significant 30.5% increase in tensile strength to 162.86 MPa and a 45% improvement in Young’s modulus to 8.52 GPa. It also shows good UV shielding performance, around 100% for UVB and 99.5% for UVA. Compared to previously reported jute composites, the treated jute fiber (TJF)-reinforced PDLq composite fabricated through hot pressing demonstrates superior flexural strength, 190.9 ± 7.1 MPa and flexural modulus, ~ 13.8 GPa. The water-based PDLq resin synthesized shows potential for UV shielding and all-green natural-fiber-reinforced PDLq composite for indoor high-performance applications.
From Colonial Empires to Umpires: An Investigation into the Role of Colonial Legacy in Attitudes Towards Subordinates
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo , Guarino Massimo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact that historical colonial legacies have on supraordinate behavior towards subordinates with whom a colonial past is shared. Analyzing data from the FIFA World Cup, we investigate the referee bias exhibited towards teams from formerly colonized countries and teams from countries that were formerly colonizers. Our findings reveal that referees from countries with colonial histories tend to take a stricter approach with players from their nation’s former colonies. This intriguing effect is not reciprocated, as referees from former colonized countries do not exhibit a similar bias towards their former colonizers. This result does not h old for shorter periods of colonization, nor is it explained by a common language. These results highlight the complex interplay between historical colonial dynamics and contemporary interactions and shed light on the lasting influence of colonial legacies. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of postcolonial attitudes and emphasizes the need for awareness, training, and dialogue to ensure fair treatment in sports and beyond.
The Effect of Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellales: Chlorellaceae) on the Fertility of Sandy Soils and on the Composition of Soil Leachates
Authors: Garbowski Tomasz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of the manuscript was to verify the hypothesis whether the algal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris added as a fertilizer affects the properties of a sandy soil and the leachates from that soil. A pot experiment was conducted using sandy soil, which was enriched with a suspension of live Chlorella vulgaris cells. The concentrations of total nitrogen (Ntotal), ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus (Ptotal), phosphate phosphorus, potassium, sulphates, turbidity, pH and electrolytic conductivity (EC) were determined in the leachates from soil. Soil samples from each pot were analysed for Ntotal, Ptotal, Pavailable, Kavailable, calcium (Ca), organic carbon (Corg.) and pH. Soil fertilized with suspended biomass of Chlorella vulgaris was enriched with nutrients, mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium. The use of algae has also helped reduce nutrient losses in the soil. There was an increase in the concentration of SO42− ions in the tested leachates, which could pose a potential threat to the environment. Conducted studies confirm the hypothesis that Chlorella vulgaris added to sandy soil as a suspension of living cells affects the fertilizing properties of the soil and the composition of leachates from the fertilized soil. Soil fertilized with Chlorella vulgaris biomass is more resistant to nutrient leaching. An important conclusion of the study is that the composition of soil leachates needs to be monitored when testing and applying this type of fertilizer, due to the risk of sulphates entering into the groundwater.
Progress in acoustic measurements and geoacoustic applications
Authors: Fa Lin , Yang Huiting , Fa Yuxiao , Meng Shuangshuang , Bai Jurong , Zhang Yandong , Fang Xiangrong , Zou Xiao , Cui Xinhao , Wang Yanli , Zhao Meishan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGeoacoustic exploration is a rapidly evolving field investigating underground rock formations and sediment environments through acoustic waves. In this paper, we present a review of recent research progress, focusing on newly discovered physical phenomena, such as the reflection and refraction of acoustic waves at the interface between anisotropic rocks and between liquid and solid, the characteristics of electric-acoustic (and acoustic-electric) conversion of piezoelectric transducers, the physical mechanism of acoustic wave propagation in viscous media, and the generation of intrinsic noise. We developed new physical models, introduced a parallel transmission network describing piezoelectric transducers for electric-acoustic (and acoustic-electric) energy transfer, and derived new formulations and algorithms associated with the latest model. We will discuss the potential of abnormal incidence angle, acoustic attenuation, and acoustic Goos-Hänchen effect and propose a method of inversion of formation reflection coefficient using logging and seismic data acquired from anisotropic rocks with dip angle. We will also discuss the physical mechanism and potential applications of the intrinsic noise generated inside viscous solid media. Finally, we introduce a parallel/series lumped vibrational transmission network, explain the acoustic measurement process, and discuss applications of the Kaiser effect in petroleum engineering.
Practice variation in home care nursing: mapping potential explanations through a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Brabers A.E.M. , Meijer M.A.M. , Groenewegen P. P. , Bleijenberg N. , Zwakhalen S. , de Jong J.D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeeds assessment is the starting point of good home care as it determines which care is necessary, based on the needs of patients, their personal situation, and social context. There are indications that practice variation in needs assessment exists among home care nurses. However, little is known about potential explanations for this variation. Therefore, we explored potential explanations for practice variation in other areas and examined whether these explanations can be applied to explain variation in needs assessment in home care nursing. We conducted a scoping review of the literature on practice variation in (1) needs assessment in home care nursing, (2) home care nursing in general, and (3) medical care in general, with searches in PubMed and CINAHL. We assessed over 6,000 references. Ultimately, 386 studies were included. Explanations for practice variation were grouped into micro, meso and macro level. This scoping review provided insight into a wide variety of variables that might play a role in explaining practice variation in (needs assessment in) home care nursing, such as availability of guidelines, organisational culture, team norms, resources, and preferences of patients. However, the small literature on needs assessment by home care nurses devoted more attention to patients and their social context, compared to the literature on practice variation in general. We discuss how and to what extent these variables could relate to practice variation in (needs assessment in) home care nursing. Future research should empirically examine the role of these variables in explaining the observed practice variation.
Performance analysis of an Active Magnetic Regenerative system using Al2O3 nanofluids
Authors: Singh Sumit Kumar , Lee Jong Suk 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the utilization of Al2O3 nanofluids in an Active Magnetic Regenerative (AMR) system, focusing on varying nanoparticle concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0%. Numerical modelling is used to analyze the effects of nanoparticle incorporation on system efficiency and cooling performance. Al2O3 nanoparticles are found to significantly increase the thermal conductivity, density, and viscosity of the base fluid while reducing specific heat capacity. Comparative analysis reveals that Al2O3 nanofluids outperform pure water in terms of cooling performance, achieving a lower final temperature and a higher temperature span after 60 min of operation. Moreover, the study highlights that cooling capacity and pumping work increase with higher nanoparticle concentrations, with a notable improvement of 64.95% in cooling capacity and 39.31% in pumping work for the 1.0% Al2O3 nanofluid compared to water. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the AMR system peaks at an optimal nanoparticle concentration of 0.2%, reaching 3.88, before declining due to increased pumping power requirements.
Maximizing the probability of visiting a set infinitely often for a Markov decision process with Borel state and action spaces
Authors: Dufour François , Prieto-Rumeau Tomás 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider a Markov control model with Borel state space, metric compact action space, and transitions assumed to have a density function with respect to some probability measure satisfying some continuity conditions. We study the optimization problem of maximizing the probability of visiting some subset of the state space infinitely often, and we show that there exists an optimal stationary Markov policy for this problem. We endow the set of stationary Markov policies and the family of strategic probability measures with adequate topologies (namely, the narrow topology for Young measures and the
$ws^\infty$
-topology, respectively) to obtain compactness and continuity properties, which allow us to obtain our main results.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and precipitation with infections from five food-borne bacterial pathogens
Authors: Manchal Naveen , Young Megan K. , Castellanos Maria Eugenia , Leggat Peter , Adegboye Oyelola 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Studies on climate variables and food pathogens are either pathogen- or region-specific, necessitating a consolidated view on the subject. This study aims to systematically review all studies on the association of ambient temperature and precipitation on the incidence of gastroenteritis and bacteraemia from Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Vibrio, and Listeria species. PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to 9 March 2023. We screened 3,204 articles for eligibility and included 83 studies in the review and three in the meta-analysis. Except for one study on Campylobacter, all showed a positive association between temperature and Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio sp., and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. Similarly, most of the included studies showed that precipitation was positively associated with these conditions. These positive associations were found regardless of the effect measure chosen. The pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) for the three studies that included bacteraemia from Campylobacter and Salmonella sp. was 1.05 (95 per cent confidence interval (95% CI): 1.03, 1.06) for extreme temperature and 1.09 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.19) for extreme precipitation. If current climate trends continue, our findings suggest these pathogens would increase patient morbidity, the need for hospitalization, and prolonged antibiotic courses.