bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding sports drug testing assays: Mass spectrometric characterization of the selective androgen receptor modulator drug candidates RAD140 and ACP‐105
Authors: Thevis Mario , Piper Thomas , Beuck Simon , Geyer Hans , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEAnabolic agents have been top‐ranked for many years among statistics of adverse analytical findings compiled by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). Besides archetypical anabolic‐androgenic steroids (AAS), alternative substances with similar effects concerning bone and muscle anabolism have been therapeutically pursued. A prominent emerging class of drugs is the chemically heterogeneous group of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs), some of which have been detected in doping control samples between 2009 and 2012 despite missing clinical approval.METHODSIn order to support the momentum of expanding the preventive and proactive measures among anti‐doping laboratories, the analytical characterization of substances with misuse potential is of great importance. In the present study, the SARM drug candidates RAD140 (comprising a 5‐phenyloxadiazole nucleus) and ACP‐105 (bearing an N‐substituted tropanol pharmacophore) were studied regarding their mass spectrometric behavior under ESI‐MS(/MS) and EI‐MS(/MS) conditions. Reference material was synthesized according to established protocols and dissociation pathways of RAD140 and ACP‐105 were elucidated with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole/time‐of‐flight or iontrap/orbitrap and gas chromatography/electron ionization quadrupole/time‐of‐flight high resolution/high accuracy mass spectrometry.RESULTSFragmentation pathways to diagnostic product ions of RAD140 (e.g. m/z 223 and 205 using ESI‐MS/MS and m/z 421 and 349 using EI‐MS/MS) and ACP‐105 (such as m/z 233 and 193 or 231 and 217 for ESI‐MS/MS and EI‐MS/MS measurements, respectively) were proposed as substantiated by determined elemental compositions and MSn experiments as well as comparison to spectra of a structural analog. Notably, for the formation of the characteristic fragment ion at m/z 421 of RAD140, the comparably seldom intramolecular migration of a trimethylsilyl residue triggered by electron ionization was suggested as corroborated by all of the above‐mentioned analytical means.CONCLUSIONSThe obtained data will support future sports drug testing methods and facilitate and accelerate the implementation of this analyte and related compounds or metabolites in both GC/MS(/MS)‐ and LC/MS(/MS)‐based routine doping control procedures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Detailed Experimental and Theoretical Study into the Properties of C60 Dumbbell Junctions
Authors: Gillemot Katalin , Evangeli Charalambos , Leary Edmund , La Rosa Andrea , González M. Teresa , Filippone Salvatore , Grace Iain , Rubio‐Bollinger Gabino , Ferrer Jaime , Martín Nazario , Lambert Colin J. , Agraït Nicolás 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA combined experimental and theoretical investigation is carried out into the electrical transport across a fullerene dumbbell one‐molecule junction. The newly designed molecule comprises two C60s connected to a fluorene backbone via cyclopropyl groups. It is wired between gold electrodes under ambient conditions by pressing the tip of a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) onto one of the C60 groups. The STM allows us to identify a single molecule before the junction is formed through imaging, which means unambiguously that only one molecule is wired. Once lifted, the same molecule could be wired many times as it was strongly fixed to the tip, and a high conductance state close to 10−2 G0 is found. The results also suggest that the relative conductance fluctuations are low as a result of the low mobility of the molecule. Theoretical analysis indicates that the molecule is connected directly to one electrode through the central fluorene, and that to bind it to the gold fully it has to be pushed through a layer of adsorbates naturally present in the experiment.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Property, and Electronic Structure of Ba2YbInSe5
Authors: Feng Kai , Yin Wenlong , Wang Wendong , Kang Lei , Hao Wenyu , Yao Jiyong , Shi Youguo , Lin Zheshuai , Wu Yicheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new barium ytterbium indium selenide, Ba2YbInSe5, was obtained by conventional high temperature solid state reaction. The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group Cmc21 of the orthorhombic system. The structure contains infinite one‐dimensional anionic chains 1∞[YbInSe5]4–, which are built from YbSe6 octahedra and InSe4 tetrahedra and separated by Ba2+ cation. The magnetic measurement indicates that the compound is paramagnetic. In addition, the calculated bandgap is 0.29 eV.
An Update on WII and MoII Carbonyl Precursors and Their Application in the Synthesis of Potentially Bio‐Inspired Thiophenolate‐Oxazoline Complexes
Authors: Peschel Lydia M. , Schachner Jörg A. , Sala Chris H. , Belaj Ferdinand , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of two new low‐valent dicarbonyl complexes of tungsten [W(CO)2(SPh‐oz)2] (3b) and molybdenum [Mo(CO)2(SPh‐oz)2] (4b) coordinated by a bidentate thiolate‐oxazoline ligand SPh‐oz is reported. The thereby created coordination via two anionic sulfur atoms can be seen as biologically inspired as it reflects the first coordination sphere of the pterin cofactor found in molybdenum and tungsten enzymes. The in‐situ preparation of the lithium salt Li(SPh‐oz) (1) was described previously in literature, but analytical data was not available. A similar situation was found for the published syntheses of the low‐valent metal precursors [W(CO)3(PPh3)2Cl2] (2a), [W2(CO)7Br4] (3a) and [Mo(CO)4Br2] where experimental procedures were unreliable and experimental data was inadequate or missing.To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of a full characterization of the literature known compounds Li(SPh‐oz) (1), [W(CO)3(PPh3)2Cl2] (2a) and [W2(CO)7Br4] (3a). Furthermore the novel tetranuclear Mo‐precursor [Mo4(CO)7Br10] (4a) was synthesized. The symmetric and asymmetric IR stretching frequencies of its seven carbonyl ligands were calculated using DFT and related to the experimental values. The molecular structures of the novel precursor compounds [W(CO)2(PPh3)2Cl2] (2a'), [PPh3Cl]2[WCl6] (2b), [Mo4(CO)7Br10] (4a), the two complexes with the SPh‐oz ligand [W(CO)2(SPh‐oz)2] (3b), [Mo(CO)2(SPh‐oz)2] (4b) and a new modification of [W2(CO)7Br4] (3a) were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Catalytic Conversion of Monophenols to Ortho‐Quinones in a Tyrosinase‐Like Fashion: Towards More Biomimetic and More Efficient Model Systems
Authors: Schottenheim Julia , Fateeva Natalie , Thimm Wulf , Krahmer Jan , Tuczek Felix 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new tyrosinase model based on the mononuclear copper(I) complex CuLbzm1 is synthesized and characterized. The ligand Lbzm1 of this system contains a combination of an imine and a benzimidazole function which renders the system more biomimetic in comparison to the recently published Lpy1 model of tyrosinase (M. Rolff, J. Schottenheim, G. Peters, F. Tuczek, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 122, 6583). As shown by UV/Vis and NMR spectroscopy, the CuLbzm1 complex catalytically mediates the conversion of the monophenol DTBP‐H to the o‐quinone DTBQ with a TON of 31. This reaction was also conducted in a stoichiometric fashion to get information about the involved intermediates and identify possible reasons for the observed increase in catalytic performance with respect to the Lpy1 system. DFT calculations were performed for the μ‐catecholato dicopper intermediate, compound 4bzm. These calculations indicate a mixed valent CuI‐semiquinone‐CuII structure, indicating that one‐electron transfer from the monohydroxylated substrate to the copper centers has already occurred at this stage.
Development of a Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Procedure for Biodegradation Studies on Nonylphenol Propoxylates Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Zgoła‐Grześkowiak Agnieszka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol propoxylates was investigated using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as a simple and fast technique for sample preparation. The developed method proved to be efficient for the isolation and concentration of nonylphenol propoxylates before their quantification with the use of high performance liquid chromatography. The primary biodegradation of nonylphenol propoxylates was approximately 80 % by 10 days after the beginning of the test. However, the biodegradation products which were identified with the use of mass spectrometric detection persisted for many days.
Topological structure and entropy of mixing graph maps
Authors: HARAŃCZYK GRZEGORZ , KWIETNIAK DOMINIK , OPROCHA PIOTR 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLet ${ \mathcal{P} }_{G} $ be the family of all topologically mixing, but not exact self-maps of a topological graph $G$. It is proved that the infimum of topological entropies of maps from ${ \mathcal{P} }_{G} $ is bounded from below by $\log 3/ \Lambda (G)$, where $\Lambda (G)$ is a constant depending on the combinatorial structure of $G$. The exact value of the infimum on ${ \mathcal{P} }_{G} $ is calculated for some families of graphs. The main tool is a refined version of the structure theorem for mixing graph maps. It also yields new proofs of some known results, including Blokh’s theorem (topological mixing implies the specification property for maps on graphs).
High levels of dietary phytosterols affect lipid metabolism and increase liver and plasma TAG in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)
Authors: Liland Nina S. , Espe Marit , Rosenlund Grethe , Waagbø Rune , Hjelle Jan I. , Lie Øyvind , Fontanillas Ramon , Torstensen Bente E. 
Published: April 2013

Replacing dietary fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) with plant ingredients in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.) diets decreases dietary cholesterol and introduces phytosterols. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of dietary sterol composition on cholesterol metabolism in Atlantic salmon. For this purpose, two dietary trials were performed, in which Atlantic salmon were fed either 100 % FM and FO (FM-FO) diet or one of the three diets with either high (80 %) or medium (40 %) plant protein (PP) and a high (70 %) or medium (35 %) vegetable oil (VO) blend (trial 1); or 70 % PP with either 100 % FO or 80 % of the FO replaced with olive, rapeseed or soyabean oil (trial 2). Replacing ≥ 70 % of FM with PP and ≥ 70 % of FO with either a VO blend or rapeseed oil increased plasma and liver TAG concentrations. These diets contained high levels of phytosterols and low levels of cholesterol. Fish fed low-cholesterol diets, but with less phytosterols, exhibited an increased expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol uptake and synthesis. The expression of these genes was, however, partially inhibited in rapeseed oil-fed fish possibly due to the high dietary and tissue phytosterol:cholesterol ratio. Atlantic salmon tissue and plasma cholesterol concentrations were maintained stable independent of the dietary sterol content.
On the ‘Heracles’ and ‘Ion’ of Euripides
Authors: Diggle James 
Published: April 2013

(i)Heracles64 ὃςl, ὡς L οὓνεκ᾿ ὄλβου Canter, οὐκ ἐν ὄλβω LMegara's father was boasted a great man because of his ὄλβος, possessing as he did a tyranny ‘about which long spears are launched, through desire of it, at the bodies of the fortunate’ (Paley's translation). The sentiment and the language are alike absurd. We can scarcely disagree with the verdict of Wilamowitz: ‘Sinnlose Worte, deren Heilung unmöglich scheint, da sowohl die “Lanzen” wie das “Springen” wie die “Liebe” ungehörig sind, so daß der Sitz der Verderbnis unbestimmt bleibt.’ I shall not transcribe the conjectures: he who is prepared, like Macbeth, to sup full with horrors, may find more than a dozen conjectures in Wecklein's edition.
Written law in archaic Greece
Authors: Hölkeskamp Karl-J. 
Published: April 2013

In classical tradition as well as in modern classical scholarship, the emergence of written law and the earliest conception of the very idea of legislation are inseparably connected with mythical figures of almost heroic status: the great ‘arbitrators’ (diallaktai, katartisteres or aisymnetai) and ‘lawgivers’ (nomothetai) allegedly appointed in many Greek cities during the seventh and sixth centuries. According to this tradition, they were men truly wise and just, who were chosen, sometimes from outside the city, to deal with political conflict and social strife, to mediate between hostile factions within the citizen body, to restore law and order and to establish eunomia in the polis community.In the handbooks, it has been generally assumed that written law, legislation and ‘codification’ played a major role in this story in two respects. On the one hand, oppression, injustice, the arbitrary interpretation and distortion of traditional law and time-honoured custom by aristocratic judges – Hesiod's ‘gift-devouring kings’, handing down ‘crooked judgments’ – were, it is said, a major cause of social discontent among broad strata of the societies of these early cities.
Pump up the volume: Juvenal,Satires1.1–21
Authors: Henderson John 
Published: April 2013

At once Juvenal's reader is performing theegoof his text aloud, and the book's charge is on:semper ego auditor tantum? (1: ‘Forever just in the audience, that's me?’)In this, the founding moment of his project, Juvenal finds a way to go ‘back’ through the writing/reading process to cue an entrée he can ‘share’ with his reader; he gets in before readers can decide, as they must, what relations they mean to adopt with the utterant constructed by the text. For he sets his start ‘before his performance begins’ – when he had it in common with the audience of a literary performance that all are there to give a hearing, lend silence, play the perpetual part of addressee. He finds a ‘bubble’ to write for everyone in every audience, necessarily implied in their repression, self-control and accommodation to the performer'sego. This writer must trade on exactly the same dynamics as any other, buthisact presumes to capture his audience's thoughts, to speak them, and so have the reader of his text voice the presumptions which silently structure each and every scenario of reading.
Ending epic: Statius, Theseus and a merciful release
Authors: Braund Susanna Morton 
Published: April 2013

Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster.Nietzsche,Beyond Good and EvilStatius'Thebaidis a rarity. More of the surviving Latin epics of the classical period are incomplete or unfinished than not: Lucan'sBellum civile, Valerius Flaccus'Argonautica, Statius'Achilleid, perhaps Silius Italicus'Punicaand of course Virgil'sAeneid(although his dissatisfaction may relate to polish rather than scope: we do not know). Only Ovid'sMetamorphosesand Statius'Thebaidseem complete. Yet the question of epic endings casts a fascination upon critics, especially perhaps where the ending does not exist or where there is evidence that it is not the ending planned by the author. Critics use their interpretations of the endings to inscribe meaning in the preceding text and to clinch one reading against another. The readings advanced enact different kinds of closure or refuse to see any closure at all.It seems paradoxical that one of the few epics to survive complete has not yet received a full stint of attention devoted to its ending. In this paper, my purpose is to situate the end of theThebaidin its literary and ideological context. This involves examining how the close of the poem interacts with earlier epic, particularly with theAeneid. My argument is that Statius offers a supplement to, or even a critique of, the open-endedness of theAeneidin the form of a triptych of resounding endings. I shall then suggest that there are other elements in Statius' closural strategy which are highlighted by a consideration of his Romanisation of his Greek material.
An inflexion and a deflection
Authors: Reeve Michael D. 
Published: April 2013

In memory of Volkmar SchmidtEven before Homeric -ϕι reappeared as Mycenaean -pi, much thought had been given to its origin, number, and case. Here are some conclusions that had been drawn about its case and functions:The independent uses [uses without a preposition] are instrumental and locatival … The next step is the most critical, to explain its extension to the functions of the Greek genitive … -ϕι = Greek genitive is almost always combined with a preposition … The ending was first thought of as instrumental … The locatival use is only rarely independent.
Aristotle, Rhetoric III, 12, 4
Authors: Trenkner S. 
Published: April 2013

In section III, 12, of the Rhetoric, Aristotle discusses the style of practical oratory, λέξις ἀγωνιστική, as opposed to the literary style, λέξις γραφική. While in the latter a compact construction is necessary, the former uses an asyndetic composition which gives it the character of natural speech and a dramatic potential conformable to ὑπόκρισις, the artistic delivery. As far as Aristotle deals with stylistic composition in a larger sense (up to the beginning of ch. 4), his comments seem clear. In chapter 4 he passes to a more definite plane of syntactical notions: .The interpretation of this passage offers more than one difficulty, contained both in its first section which ends with the example and in its last sentence.1. The standard translation of the first section is as follows: ‘The asyndeton has a further peculiarity: in an equal space of time many things appear to be said. Just as the connective particle turns a number of statements into one, so its omission does the opposite: turns a single statement into many. Thus an asyndeton produces amplification, e.g. I came, I talked (with him), I entreated (him).’
Dark Age and Oral Poet
Authors: Kirk G. S. 
Published: April 2013

Increasing acceptance that the Iliad and Odyssey are in essence oral poems, built by one or two monumental composers out of traditional elements of various dates, has altered the perspective of the problem of Homeric composition. We have become more interested in the question of which parts of the poems can be associated with which phases of the tradition; or, if this question cannot be precisely answered, in the broader problem of the general stages of development of an oral heroic tradition in Greece.Recently there has been great emphasis on the importance of the Mycenaean period for the formation of the dactylic hexameter tradition. This emphasis has been helped by the partial understanding of the Linear B tablets, although they contain, of course, no hint of Mycenaean poetry. On the other hand they do confirm the identification of the Arcado-Cypriot forms in Homer as Mycenaean in derivation, and they add a few new forms to those known from inscriptions in, or grammarians' reports of, the dialect of classical Arcadia and Cyprus.
Agamemnon 1127 and the limits of hyperbaton
Authors: Stinton T. C. W. 
Published: April 2013

A. Ag. 1125–81127 in mutatum, sscr. M: rell.: utrumque Σ M.Page in his note holds that refers to the weapon, and that … must therefore be taken closely with ; and he produces a number of examples from early poetry to refute Fraenkel's view that the resulting interlaced order is impossible. I shall argue (i) that his examples of hyperbaton do not support his conclusion; (ii) that, apart from word-order, his view is untenable.
The Carian Script
Authors: Ray J. D. 
Published: April 2013

This is not the age of the amateur. There is every inducement for the specialist to remain a specialist, and if he strays beyond the limits of his particular field, he will be mistrusted, and perhaps rightly. But there are times when he has no choice but to do so, and to risk the consequences; there are some fields which are so untrodden that the amateur will find himself in good company, or perhaps in no company at all. And there are times when the classicist, the Old Testament scholar, and certainly the Egyptologist will need to remind themselves that the world of the eastern Mediterranean was never a large one, and that communications in the first millennium B.C. were not so rudimentary. A month's journey could have covered much ground, or sea: and some people had the courage to travel far longer than this.Herodotus (5.115) records how, shortly after the outbreak of the Ionian revolt, the Persians launched a counter-attack, retook Sardis in Lydia, and turned south across the river Maeander into the thickly-wooded areas beyond. It was no time to be a defender. Two disastrous engagements are recorded, together with some Herodotean numbers of dead, but the few survivors succeeded in laying a night ambush for the invading Persians, and cut them to pieces. All three Persian commanders perished. As it happened, it was no time to be a Persian.
Hesiod and his world
Authors: Millett Paul 
Published: April 2013

Recent interest in Hesiod has tended to concentrate on three broad aspects of his poems: their language, structure and myth. By contrast, their value as historical documents has been persistently underrated. This is a striking omission, as by general consent we have in theWorks & Daysa written source, giving detailed information about life in the early archaic period, for which virtually no other documentary evidence exists. Yet by comparison with the repeated and painstaking investigation of Homer as history, or even the poetry of Solon, Hesiod has been largely ignored.Although it would be unrealistic to pretend that historians havenevershown any interest in theWorks & Days(see section VI), the use they have made of the poem has generally been either perfunctory and descriptive, or selective and focussing on isolated points. Typical of the former category is the treatment of Hesiod in the textbook on geometric Greece by Coldstream (1977). In his introduction, Coldstream warns the reader that the evidence for the ninth and eighth centuries is predominantly archaeological, but he does add a qualification (18): ‘On the other hand, Hesiod'sWorks & Daysoffers an authentic picture of a farmer's life in Boeotia at the close of the eighth century’, and in a later chapter (313): ‘The hard life of a geometric farmer is vividly described by the poet Hesiod.’
Roman aims in the First Macedonian War
Authors: Rich J. W. 
Published: April 2013

Maurice Holleaux, in the brilliant study which for so long dominated discussion of Rome's early dealings with the Greek East, argued that Roman aims in the First Macedonian War were strictly defensive. The Romans' sole purpose in forming alliances with the Aetolians and other Greek powers was, he held, to prevent Philip from crossing to Italy by obliging him to fight in Greece. Roman conduct showed how limited their interest in the war in Greece was: they fulfilled their obligations to their allies halfheartedly and in the end neglected them altogether, while they viewed the other Greeks simply as a source of booty. They regarded the compromise peace reached with Philip at Phoenice as entirely satisfactory, and their decision to renew war against him in 200 was a complete reversal of policy.Although most aspects of Holleaux's interpretation of Rome's Eastern policy have generated great controversy, his treatment of the First Macedonian War has, except for certain specific points, received relatively little attention. While the significance of the Peace of Phoenice has been much discussed, most of those who have written on the war itself have been in broad agreement with Holleaux's views on the Romans' aims and conduct, and only a few brief protests have been registered. This paper is an attempt to fill this gap. I shall argue that Roman aims in the war were less limited and their conduct less half-hearted than has usually been supposed, and offer a new interpretation of the obscure last years of the war, based on a redating of the expedition of P. Sempronius Tuditanus and the Peace of Phoenice to 206.