bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Effectiveness of Electronic Health Record-Based Referral Processes
Authors: Esquivel Adol , Sittig Dean F , Murphy Daniel R , Singh Hardeep 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Electronic health records are increasingly being used to facilitate referral communication in the outpatient setting. However, despite support by technology, referral communication between primary care providers and specialists is often unsatisfactory and is unable to eliminate care delays. This may be in part due to lack of attention to how information and communication technology fits within the social environment of health care. Making electronic referral communication effective requires a multifaceted “socio-technical” approach. Using an 8-dimensional socio-technical model for health information technology as a framework, we describe ten recommendations that represent good clinical practices to design, develop, implement, improve, and monitor electronic referral communication in the outpatient setting. These recommendations were developed on the basis of our previous work, current literature, sound clinical practice, and a systems-based approach to understanding and implementing health information technology solutions. Recommendations are relevant to system designers, practicing clinicians, and other stakeholders considering use of electronic health records to support referral communication.
Temporal regulation of HTLV-2 expression in infected cell lines and patients: evidence for distinct expression kinetics with nuclear accumulation of APH-2 mRNA
Authors: Bender Cecilia , Rende Francesca , Cotena Alessia , Righi Paola , Ronzi Paola , Cavallari Ilaria , Casoli Claudio , Ciminale Vincenzo , Bertazzoni Umberto 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) are delta retroviruses with similar genetic organization. Although both viruses immortalize T-cells in vitro, they exhibit distinct pathogenic potential in vivo. To search for possible differences in its expression strategy with respect to HTLV-1, we investigated the pattern of HTLV-2 expression in infected cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected patients using splice site-specific quantitative RT-PCR.

Findings
A novel alternative splice acceptor site for exon 2 was identified; its usage in env transcripts was found to be subtype-specific. Time-course analysis revealed a two-phase expression kinetics in an infected cell line and in PBMCs of two of the three patients examined; this pattern was reminiscent of HTLV-1. In addition, the minus-strand APH2 transcript was mainly detected in the nucleus, a feature that was similar to its HTLV-1 orthologue HBZ. In contrast to HTLV-1, expression of the mRNA encoding the main regulatory proteins Tax and Rex and that of the mRNAs encoding the p28 and truncated Rex inhibitors is skewed towards p28/truncated Rex inhibitors in HTLV-2.

Conclusion
Our data suggest a general converging pattern of expression of HTLV-2 and HTLV-1 and highlight peculiar differences in the expression of regulatory proteins that might influence the pathobiology of these viruses.
Enlightening Harmonies: Rameau's corps sonore and the Representation of the Divine in the tragédie en musique
Authors: Burgess Geoffrey 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In his late writings, Jean-Philippe Rameau attributed mystical, almost divine qualities to the corps sonore, a fundamental element in his theory of harmonic generation. This article traces the use that Rameau made of the corps sonore in his stage works as part of a tradition of the oracular pronouncements in the French opera. In addition to using it to symbolize enlightenment, starting from the late 1740s Rameau used it to accompany the spells of the benevolent magicians who take the place of the deities of Classical mythology. The fact that the librettist of these works, Louis de Cahusac, was closely associated with Freemasonry substantiates a case for the influence of progressive philosophy over Rameau. This impacted not only the thematics of his stage works, but the symbolic use of the corps sonore in his musical philosophy and the political message conveyed through his operas.
Pyrolytic Sugars from Cellulosic Biomass
Authors: Kuzhiyil Najeeb , Dalluge Dustin , Bai Xianglan , Kim Kwang Ho , Brown Robert C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDepolymerization of cellulose offers the prospect of inexpensive sugars from biomass. Breaking the glycosidic bonds of cellulose to liberate glucose has usually been pursued by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis although a purely thermal depolymerization route to sugars is also possible. Fast pyrolysis of pure cellulose yields primarily the anhydrosugar levoglucosan (LG) whereas the presence of naturally occurring alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass strongly catalyzes ring‐breaking reactions that favor formation of light oxygenates. Here, we show a method of significantly increasing the yield of sugars from biomass by purely thermal means through infusion of certain mineral acids (phosphoric and sulfuric acid) into the biomass to convert the AAEMs into thermally stable salts (particularly potassium sulfates and phosphates). These salts not only passivate AAEMs that normally catalyze fragmentation of pyranose rings, but also buffer the system at pH levels that favor glycosidic bond breakage. It appears that AAEM passivation contributes to 80 % of the enhancement in LG yield while the buffering effect of the acid salts contributes to the balance of the enhancement.
Highly‐efficient colony PCR method for red yeasts and its application to identify mutations within two leucine auxotroph mutants
Authors: Lin Xinping , Yang Fan , Zhou Yongjin , Zhu Zhiwei , Jin Guojie , Zhang Sufang , Zhao Zongbao Kent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRed yeasts hold great promise in the production of microbial lipids and carotenoids. Genetic study of red yeasts has attracted much attention; however, rapid amplification of genes from red yeast samples remains technically challenging. Here a highly efficient method for the preparation of genomic DNA (gDNA) template, which could be directly used for PCR, was developed. Cells from colonies or liquid cultures were collected and sequentially treated by microwave, plMAN5C, proteinase K and boiling (MMPB) in a single tube to give cell lysates that were qualified as PCR templates. Single‐copied gDNA fragments o up to 2.8 kb were successfully amplified. We also demonstrated successful application of this method for species in the Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes and identification of two leucine auxotroph mutants of Rhodotorula glutinis. This method could be widely employed for the screening and genetic engineering of various yeasts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Managing soft tissue sarcomas in a developing country: are prognostic factors similar to those of developed world?
Authors: Qadir Irfan , Umer Masood , Umer Hafiz Muhammad , Uddin Nasir , Karsan Farrok , Rabbani Muhammad Sharoz 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Managing soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in a developing country with limited financial resources and a poor health referral system is a challenge. Presenting late, these extremity STS are prone to recurrence despite apparently complete resection. This study aimed to explore and compare the impact of clinico-pathological factors on recurrence and survival in Pakistan with the corresponding figures quoted from the developed world.

Methods
An institutional review was performed on all patients with primary STS of the extremities operated on between 1994 and 2008. The prognostic influence of clinical, pathologic, and treatment variables on local recurrence free survival (LRFS), metastasis free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan Meier survival curves.

Results
A total of 84 patients with a mean age of 41.8 ± 21.9 years were included in the study. The local recurrence rate was 14.3% after a median of 6 (mean 7.4) months. Metastases occurred in 7 patients (8.3%) and 65 patients were alive without evidence of disease after a mean follow-up of 52.6 ± 39.8 months. Tumor size > 5 cm, grade 3 tumors and margin < 10 mm significantly increased local recurrence rates. A margin ≥ 10 mm and age < 45 years significantly enhanced cumulative survival. Significant multivariate risk factors for metastases were margin < 10 mm and tumor grade G3.

Conclusions
Despite a poor health referral system in our country, our results are no different from those reported from the developed world. Surgical margins and tumor grade prognostically influenced LRFS, MFS and OS.
Involvement of autophagy in ovarian cancer: a working hypothesis
Authors: Peracchio Claudia , Alabiso Oscar , Valente Guido , Isidoro Ciro 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal-driven catabolic process that contributes to preserve cell and tissue homeostases through the regular elimination of damaged, aged and redundant self-constituents. In normal cells, autophagy protects from DNA mutation and carcinogenesis by preventive elimination of pro-oxidative mitochondria and protein aggregates. Mutations in oncogenes and oncosuppressor genes dysregulate autophagy. Up-regulated autophagy may confer chemo- and radio-resistance to cancer cells, and also a pro-survival advantage in cancer cells experiencing oxygen and nutrient shortage. This fact is the rationale for using autophagy inhibitors along with anti-neoplastic therapies. Yet, aberrant hyper-induction of autophagy can lead to cell death, and this phenomenon could also be exploited for cancer therapy. The actual level of autophagy in the cancer cell is greatly affected by vascularization, inflammation, and stromal cell infiltration. In addition, small non-coding microRNAs have recently emerged as important epigenetic modulators of autophagy. The present review focuses on the potential involvement of macroautophagy, and on its genetic and epigenetic regulation, in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and progression.
Gila Woodpecker Agonistic Behavior
Authors: Brenowitz Gene L. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Agonistic behavior of Gila Woodpeckers, including vocalizations, visual displays, and other related behaviors, is described. Interactions with both con- and heterospecifics were analyzed by stochastic processes, and it is shown that the timing of aggression toward a species coincided with the time during which that species was searching for nest sites or cavities. The behavior shown toward Flickers and Starlings appears to fulfill criteria for interspecific territoriality, and evidence is presented to support the contention that the function of this behavior is protection of nest sites and nest holes from competitors. The effects of intra- and interspecific territoriality on the distribution of the species involved were found to be significantly different. Simultaneous protection of different sized territories is discussed.
Androgens and Mating Systems: Testosterone-induced Polygyny in Normally Monogamous Birds
Authors: Wingfield John C. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Recent investigations of the plasma profiles of testosterone (T) in free-living birds suggest that circulating levels of T during the reproductive cycle remain elevated longer in males of polygynous species than in males of monogamous species. When the hormonal profile of polygynous males is mimicked by the administration of subcutaneous implants of T to males of monogamous species, thus maintaining plasma levels of this androgen at high vernal levels, frequencies of territorial aggression and courtship behavior remain elevated, resulting in a marked increase in the size of the territory. A substantial number of T-implanted males also become polygynous, attracting two and sometimes three females to settle on their enlarged territories. These data suggest strongly that the nature of avian mating systems is regulated proximately by temporal patterns of hormone secretion.
Geographic Variation in Clutch Size in the Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus): Support for Ashmole's Hypothesis
Authors: Koenig Walter D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus), a common hole-nesting North American woodpecker, exhibits a highly significant latitudinal increase in clutch size. Using preserved clutches and information on climatic conditions and breeding densities of confamilial species, I examined the hypothesis that this geographic trend is the result of seasonal fluctuations in resources ("Ashmole's hypothesis"; Ashmole 1961, 1963; Ricklefs 1980). Clutch size is significantly correlated both with the ratio of summer productivity to estimated breeding densities of all woodpecker species and with the ratio of summer to winter productivity, supporting Ashmole's hypothesis. In addition, a substantial portion of the latitudinal gradient can be directly explained by the seasonality of resources, primarily because of an inverse correlation between clutch size and winter productivity. These results provide the first corroboration of Ashmole's hypothesis from an examination of intraspecific clutch-size variation and suggest that geographic trends in fecundity in some cases may be largely attributable to trends in seasonal fluctuations of resources.
Applications of Electrophoretic Data in Avian Systematics
Authors: Matson Ronald H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper is a survey of applications of electrophoretic techniques in ornithology, with an emphasis on post-1970 publications. The majority of electrophoretic studies of birds have been limited in a variety of ways. Many have dealt with "domesticated" species or have been limited to the examination of blood and/or egg-white proteins. Problems in comparing results from different studies have arisen because of: (1) dissimilar electrophoretic techniques; (2) varying numbers of taxa; (3) nonstandardized enzyme and locus nomenclature; and, especially, (4) different methods of data analysis. These methodological problems must be addressed in order to broaden the utility of electrophoretic data in avian systematics. I suggest that the enzyme names recognized by the International Union of Biochemistry be used exclusively and that a standardized locus nomenclature, comparable with that used in other vertebrate classes, be developed. The predominating use of allozyme characters can be supplemented by "isozyme characters" (e.g. different numbers of genes, heteropolymer assembly, and regulation of expression sensu Buth in press), which possibly could be applied to a determination of systematic relationships of higher-level taxonomic ranks. Allozyme and/or isozyme data should be retained in particulate form (i.e. not summarized as genetic distances). The use of outgroups to assign evolutionary direction is encouraged.
An Observer-Specific, Full-Season, Strip-Map Method for Censusing Songbird Communities
Authors: Emlen John T. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this paper I describe and demonstrate a strip-map census method designed to provide a complete record of the composition and density of a temperate-zone breeding bird community through a period covering the peaks of breeding activity of all resident species and individuals. A route transecting the area of interest is laid out, flanked on each side by an unmarked strip of a width equal to the distance at which birds can be detected (the detection-threshold distance). All birds detected during uniform listening periods on frequent, closely scheduled, early morning traverses of the route are recorded with appropriate symbols at the moment of detection on simple line maps of the route. Because species differ in the distance at which their calls and songs can be heard and observers differ in their hearing acuity, each observer has an observer-specific strip width for each species. These strip widths are determined directly from the distribution of all detection points on the census maps at the end of the season. Multiplied by the length of the strip, they give the area of the strip for each species.
The accumulations of detection-point clusters on summary maps for each species are interpreted as the territories of individual birds. Densities within the study area or segments of it are determined by dividing the number of equivalent territories (Σ wholes plus fractions) within the species-detection strip by the area of the strip. Song frequencies are determined for each individual territory holder by multiplying the proportion of listening periods during which the bird was heard by the proportion of that bird's territory that fell within the species' detectability strip.
The method provides a continuous record, divisible into segments of any desired length, of the density, song activity, and distribution of individuals of each species through its breeding season. The detection-threshold distance and song-frequency values obtained can be used as species-specific conversion factors for translating simple detection counts to bird densities.
Parental Care of Fledged Young, Division of Labor, and the Development of Foraging Techniques in the Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe L.)
Authors: Moreno Juan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The care of fledged young by parents and the interactions between parents and young were studied in seven broods of Northern Wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe L.) in an agricultural area near Uppsala, central Sweden. Time budgets of young and the development of foraging skills were also quantified. Young of the same brood were observed out of the nestholes on the 15th or 16th day after hatching. The parents did not divide the brood until day 3 or 4, day 1 being the 16th day after hatching (assuming that all young fledged on the 15th day). Full stability of family units, with no transfers of responsibility for feeding specific young, was achieved on days 3-8. Both parents fed their respective groups of young at different sites, and young of the same family unit appeared to be aggregated in the territories. They perched nearer to each other on average than to young fed by the other parent. These results support the hypothesis that a division of labor in altricial birds has evolved to allow parents to locate their young more easily and to reduce travel distances between sites at which prey are captured and the locations of young.
Young wheatears depended on their parents for 2 weeks after leaving the nest. During that time, they became more active and mobile, spent less time calling and waiting for the parents to feed them, chased their parents more intensively to obtain food, and spent more time foraging. The marked increase in the chasing frequency of young after the first week coincided with a marked decrease in parental feeding rates and in the responsiveness of the parents to the begging calls of the young. Young also greatly increased their foraging activity after day 10, when parental feeding rates dropped to very low levels. These data support the hypothesis that parental reluctance to feed the young determines the onset of fledgling independence. Rates at which young attempted to capture prey and the proportion of successful attacks increased with age. Foraging techniques that are more dependent on flight performance (aerial hawking, perch-to-ground sallying) appeared later and were used less by the young than was ground-gleaning. There was a negative relationship between the intensity of chasing by the young and their capture success rates during different hours, which suggests that they switched between chasing the parents and self-feeding, depending on which was the most profitable strategy at the moment.
Alguns métodos estatísticos voltados às Unidades de Informação
Authors: Pinto Adilson Luiz , Gusmão Alexandre Oliveira de Meira , Pena André de Souza , Silva Marcelo Moreira Ferreira da 
Published: September 2012

Este estudo visa mostrar algumas técnicas estatísticas aplicadas na gestão informacional nas unidades de informação através da utilização de métodos de mensuração e métricas quantitativas atreladas a estudos relacionados à bibliometria, cienciometria, econometria entre outros. Os estudos envolvendo estatística podem ser descritivos, para construção de indicadores, inferencial através de modelos teóricos ou empíricos. As técnicas estatísticas permitem que de base de dados sejam extraídas informações relevantes à tomada de decisão. Assim, será brevemente explanando sobre probabilidade, distribuição de frequência, séries estatísticas, covariância e correlação, regressão linear e números índices.
Improving the production of human‐like collagen by pulse‐feeding glucose during the fed‐batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli
Authors: Xu Ru , Luo Yan‐E , Fan Dai‐Di , Guo Lei , Xi Jun‐Feng , Mi Yu , Ma Pei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTo increase the target protein production and reduce acetic acid accumulation during fed‐batch cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli BL21 in a 30‐L bioreactor, 12 different models of pulse feeding were performed to evaluate the effect of pulse feeding at different cultivation phases and pulse frequency on cell growth, acetic acid accumulation, and human‐like collagen (HLC) synthesis. The results showed that the acetate concentration was kept at a low level (below 0.5 g/L) in all cases when pulse feeding was introduced before induction, whereas the pulse frequency affected cytoactivity significantly through cell growth rate, oxygen uptake rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, and the synthesis of the target protein. The final biomass and HLC reached 75.46 and 7.26 g/L, respectively, in the model of 8‐Sec feedings per 188 Sec. After induction, the pulse frequency had a great effect on HLC synthesis after high‐temperature induction; low frequency was adverse to microorganisms. The model of 3‐Sec feeding per 27 Sec was best and resulted in the highest biomass and HLC production. Compared to the pseudo‐exponential feeding, pulse feeding reduced acetic acid accumulation effectively.
Label‐Free, Longitudinal Visualization of PDT Response In Vitro with Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Jung Yookyung , Nichols Alexander J. , Klein Oliver J. , Roussakis Emmanuel , Evans Conor L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA major challenge in creating and optimizing therapeutics in the fight against cancer is visualizing and understanding the microscale spatiotemporal treatment response dynamics that occur in patients. This is especially true for photodynamic therapy (PDT), where therapeutic optimization relies on understanding the interplay between factors such as photosensitizer localization and uptake, in addition to light dose and delivery rate. In vitro 3D culture systems that recapitulate many of the biological features of human disease are powerful platforms for carrying out detailed studies on PDT response and resistance. Current techniques for visualizing these models, however, often lack accuracy due to the perturbative nature of the sample preparation, with light attenuation complicating the study of intact models. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an ideal method for the long‐term, non‐perturbative study of in vitro models and their response to PDT. Monitoring the response of 3D models to PDT by time‐lapse OCT methods promises to provide new perspectives and open the way to cancer treatment methodologies that can be translated towards the clinic.