bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Band‐Gap BODIPY Conjugated Copolymers for Sensing Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Sen Choong Ping , Shrestha Rekha Goswami , Shrestha Lok Kumar , Ariga Katsuhiko , Valiyaveettil Suresh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConjugated polymers with strong photophysical properties are used in many applications. A homopolymer (P1) and five new low band gap copolymers based on 4,4′‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) and acceptors 3,6‐dithienyldiketopyrrolopyrrole (P2), phthalimide (P3), benzotriazole (P4), 4,7‐dithienyl[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5g]quinoxaline (P5), and 2,5‐dithienylthieno[3,4‐b]pyrazine (P6) were prepared by means of Sonogashira polymerization. The characterization of polymers by using 1H NMR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy is discussed. All polymers with high molecular weights (Mn) of 16 000 to 89 000 g mol−1 showed absorption maxima in the deep‐red region (λ=630–760 nm) in solution and exhibited significant redshifts (up to 70 nm) in thin films. Polymers P2, P5, and P6 showed narrow optical band gaps of 1.38, 1.35, and 1.38 eV, respectively, which are significantly lower than that of P1 (1.63 eV). The HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers were calculated by using cyclic voltammetry measurements. The LUMO energy levels of BODIPY‐based alternating copolymers were independent of the acceptors; this suggests that the major factor that tunes the LUMO energy levels of the polymers could be the BODIPY core. All polymers showed selective and reproducible detection of volatile organic solvents, such as toluene and benzene, which could be used for developing sensors.
Tailoring the Solid‐State Fluorescence Emission of BODIPY Dyes by meso Substitution
Authors: Kim Sungwoo , Bouffard Jean , Kim Youngmi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract4,4‐Difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) derivatives bearing varied substituents at the meso position (i.e., CF3, CH3, COOR, CHO, CN, Cl, iPr) were synthesized to elucidate the structure–property relationships that give rise to emissive J‐aggregates. Several new BODIPY derivatives can be added to the previously reported 1,3,5,7‐tetramethyl‐8‐trifluoromethyl derivative to the list of those forming J‐aggregates, in addition to other dyes that are emissive in the solid state without forming J‐aggregates.
Turning Redundant Ligands into Treasure: A New Strategy for Constructing MIL‐53(Al)@Nanoscale TiO2 Layers
Authors: Gu Yifan , Wu Yi‐nan , Shen Jingyi , Li Zehua , Chen Shuyi , Lu Huigong , Li Fengting 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA strategy for in situ fabrication of nanoscale‐thin layers of anatase TiO2 coated on the metal–organic framework (MOF) material, MIL‐53(Al), is developed. The preparation conditions for crystallized TiO2 are normally incompatible with the thermal and chemical stability of MOFs. Based on our strategy, we found that the redundant organic ligands (1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, H2BDC) within the pores of the as‐synthesized MOF play a key function in the protection and support of the framework during hydrothermal loading of the TiO2 precursor, as well as in preventing the infiltration of the precursor into the pores. After annealing, a nanoscale‐thin layer of highly crystalline anatase TiO2, with a thickness of 6–10 nm, was successfully attached to the external surface of the MIL‐53(Al) crystals, while the porous framework remains intact. The core–shell structure of the MOF@TiO2 nanocomposite endows the resulting materials with additional optical response and enhanced moisture and chemical stability.
Cyclotetrabenzoin: Facile Synthesis of a Shape‐Persistent Molecular Square and Its Assembly into Hydrogen‐Bonded Nanotubes
Authors: Ji Qing , Le Ha T. M. , Wang Xiqu , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Makarenko Tatyana , Jacobson Allan J. , Miljanić Ognjen Š. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCyanide‐catalyzed benzoin condensation of terephthaldehyde produces a cyclic tetramer, which we propose to name cyclotetrabenzoin. Cyclotetrabenzoin is a square‐shaped macrocycle ornamented with four α‐hydroxyketone functionalities pointing away from the central cavity, the dimensions of which are 6.9×6.9 Å. In the solid state, these functional groups extensively hydrogen bond, resulting in a microporous three‐dimensional organic framework with one‐dimensional nanotube channels. This material exhibits permanent—albeit low‐porosity, with a Langmuir surface area of 52 m2 g−1. Cyclotetrabenzoin’s easy and inexpensive synthesis and purification may inspire the creation of other shape‐persistent macrocycles and porous molecular crystals by benzoin condensation.
Young investigator challenge: The utility of GATA3 immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinomas in malignant effusions
Authors: Lew Madelyn , Pang Judy C. , Jing Xin , Fields Kristina L. , Roh Michael H. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDIt is not uncommon to encounter challenges in the immunohistochemical confirmation of metastatic breast cancer given the limited sensitivities of mammaglobin and gross cystic disease fluid protein 15 (GCDFP‐15/BRST‐2) and the significant proportion of triple‐negative breast carcinomas (ie, tumors that are negative for estrogen receptor [ER], and progesterone receptor [PgR], and human epidermal growth factor 2 [HER2]). GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) has emerged as a potentially useful immunohistochemical adjunct during the evaluation of metastatic breast carcinomas in cytology specimens. The objective of the current study was to examine GATA3 expression in the context of malignant effusions secondary to both mammary and extramammary malignancies.METHODSIn total, 306 malignant effusions (from 62 metastatic breast carcinomas and 244 extramammary malignancies) were examined using GATA3 immunohistochemistry. Effusions with metastatic breast carcinoma were also examined using immunohistochemistry for additional breast markers (ER, PgR, HER2, mammaglobin, and GCDFP‐15/BRST‐2).RESULTSGATA3 immunohistochemistry highlighted the tumor cells in 58 of the 62 samples (93.5%) from patients with metastatic breast carcinoma, which was higher than the observed sensitivity of immunohistochemistry for ER (63.8%), PgR (41.4%), HER2 (15.5%), mammaglobin (22.4%), and GCDFP‐15/BRST‐2 (5.2%). GATA3 expression also was observed in a subset of malignant effusions secondary to extramammary primaries, specifically, in 28 of 244 specimens (11.5%).CONCLUSIONSGATA3 is a highly sensitive marker for the detection of metastatic breast carcinomas in effusion specimens. However, this marker is not entirely specific for malignancies of breast origin. Thus, GATA3 should be used in conjunction with additional immunohistochemical markers during the cytologic evaluation of malignant effusions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:576‐81. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Understanding the trust of software‐intensive distributed systems
Authors: Gallege Lahiru S. , Gamage Dimuthu U. , Hill James H. , Raje Rajeev R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAn early understanding of the trust concerns while composing a distributed system from independently developed software services saves time and effort. It also allows the developer of such distributed systems to reason about the trust‐related properties of these systems. Although there are prevalent approaches for evaluating the trust of such systems, it is not clear which approach, if any, is the most comprehensive and best suited for a given situation. Moreover, there is no agreement about a unified approach, for quantifying trust, which can be applied to the entire software life‐cycle of distributed systems. This article, first, motivates the need for such a quantification of trust via a case study from the domain of indoor tracking. It then provides a comprehensive survey of current approaches that define trust, in general domains, and then focuses on the relevant approaches from the domain of software‐oriented distributed systems. These prevalent efforts are categorized into groups using existing clustering tools and then are further analyzed for their comprehensiveness. The analysis depicts: (1) many trust‐related efforts and associated models have their own constrained views of trust; (2) different trust models focus on different aspects of trust and life‐cycle details; and (3) it is difficult to interoperate across different trust models. Hence, the paper identifies a set of principles that can assist in quantifying and evaluating the trust throughout the software life‐cycle of distributed systems. These principles, then, are applied to the aforementioned case study to provide an outline of how trustworthy distributed systems can be composed from independent software services. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scheduling multi‐component applications with mobile agents in heterogeneous distributed systems
Authors: Ezugwu Absalom E. , Junaidu Sahalu B. , Frincu Marc E. , Buhari Seyed M. , Obiniyi Afolayan A. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn grid computing environment, several classes of multi‐component applications exist. These types of applications may often require additional resources of different types that go beyond what is available in any of the sites making up the grid resource composition. The heterogeneity nature of both the user application and the computing environment makes this a challenging problem. However, the current off‐the‐shelf scheduling software can hardly cope with these diversities in distributed computing application frameworks. Therefore, there is the need for an adequate scheduling system that would grant simultaneous or coordinated access to application of multi‐component nature that requires resources of possibly multiple types, in multiple locations, managed by different resource providers. The main focus of this paper is to develop a mobile agent scheduling model that addresses the aforementioned challenge. A scheduling policy that pertains to job scheduling and resource allocation is proposed. The scheduling policy treats different multi‐component applications requiring diverse heterogeneous resources fairly. The policy is used by mobile agents to schedule user applications and to also find available and suitable distributed resource that are capable of executing user application at a very minimal time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods and metrics for fair server assessment under real‐time financial workloads
Authors: Georgakoudis Giorgis , Gillan Charles J. , Sayed Ahmed , Spence Ivor , Faloon Richard , Nikolopoulos Dimitrios S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe present a rigorous methodology and new metrics for fair comparison of server and microserver platforms. Deploying our methodology and metrics, we compare a microserver with ARM cores against two servers with ×86 cores running the same real‐time financial analytics workload. We define workload‐specific but platform‐independent performance metrics for platform comparison, targeting both datacenter operators and end users. Our methodology establishes that a server based on the Xeon Phi co‐processor delivers the highest performance and energy efficiency. However, by scaling out energy‐efficient microservers, we achieve competitive or better energy efficiency than a power‐equivalent server with two Sandy Bridge sockets, despite the microserver's slower cores. Using a new iso‐QoS metric, we find that the ARM microserver scales enough to meet market throughput demand, that is, a 100% QoS in terms of timely option pricing, with as little as 55% of the energy consumed by the Sandy Bridge server. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mass‐conserving level‐set method for simulation of multiphase flow in geometrically complicated domains
Authors: Raees F. , van der Heul D. R. , Vuik C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe mass‐conserving level‐set (MCLS) method is a hybrid level‐set (LS)/volume of fluid (VoF) based, interface capturing algorithm that combines the mass conserving properties of the VoF, with the benefits of having an explicit description of the interface of the LS method. The efficiency of the method is a result of the fact that the LS formulation allows evaluation of the VoF‐field and VoF‐fluxes without reconstruction of the interface in each cell. We present the extension of the MCLS method from its original formulation for Cartesian quadrilateral control volumes to triangular control volumes for optimal geometrical flexibility. The LS field is discretized using a second order discontinuous Galerkin method. After each time‐step, a mass‐conserving correction is imposed based on the simultaneously convected VoF field. This convection step is performed with a second‐order Eulerian–Lagrangian approach, combined with a ‘clipping’ algorithm to project the advected field from the Lagrangian to the Eulerian grid. The MCLS method is shown to be accurately mass conserving and shows second order convergence for three different test cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocorrosion of 316LV steel used in oral cavity due to Desulfotomaculum nigrificans bacteria
Authors: Mystkowska Joanna , Ferreira Jose A. , Leszczyńska Katarzyna , Chmielewska Sylwia , Dąbrowski Jan Ryszard , Wieciński Piotr , Kurzydłowski Krzysztof Jan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCorrosion processes of metallic biomaterials in the oral cavity pose a significant limitation to the life and reliable functioning of dental materials. In this article, the influence of environment bacteria Desulfotomaculum nigrificans sulfate reducing bacteria on the corrosion processes of 316LV steel was assessed. After 14 and 28 days of contact of the material with the bacterial environment, the surfaces of the tested biomaterial were observed by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy, and their chemical composition was studied using X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry and a scanning transmission electron microscopy. Corrosive changes, the presence of sulfur (with atomic concentration of 0.5%) on the surface of the biomaterial and the presence of a thin oxide layer (thickness of ∼20 nm) under the surface of the steel were observed. This corrosion layer with significant size reduction of grains was characterized by an increased amount of oxygen (18% mas., p < 0.001) in comparison to untreated 316LV steel (where oxygen concentration − 10% mas.). Image analysis conducted using APHELION software indicated that corrosion pits took up ∼2.8% of the total tested surface. The greatest number of corrosion pits had a surface area within the range of 100–200 μm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 222–229, 2017.
Comparison of two leukocytapheresis protocols in a case of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome
Authors: Wang Michael L. , Davenport Robertson D. , Yamada Chisa 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundHypereosinophilic syndrome (HEOS) is rare, and the efficacy of leukocytapheresis in this context is unclear. We here report the successful treatment of a patient with idiopathic HEOS with four leukocytapheresis procedures using two protocols.CaseA 4‐year‐old female presented with cardiac and respiratory dysfunction, and WBC of 225 K/μL with 96% eosinophils. Leukocytapheresis was started after initiation of methylprednisolone and hydroxyurea. She received two leukocytapheresis with polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) protocol, followed by initiation of imatinib therapy, then two leukocytapheresis with mononuclear cell (MNC) protocol. After the fourth leukocytapheresis, her WBC decreased to 69 K/μL with 82% eosinophils. She was discharged on hospital day 21 under stable condition with WBC of 22 K/μL with 86% eosinophils. WBC count and eosinophil percentage continued to decrease, and were 6.4 K/μL and 52% by 2 weeks and 3.9 K/μL and 4.9% by 3 months after discharge, respectively.FindingsWBC and absolute eosinophil (aEO) counts decreased by an average of 29.0 and 30.4% per leukocytapheresis, respectively. Normalized to estimated blood volume, procedures with PMN and MNC protocols changed, on average, WBC by −10.7 and −12.1%, aEO by −10.4 and −13.4%, platelet by −8.1 and −19.2%, and fluid balance by −129 and −47 mL, respectively.ConclusionLeukocytapheresis was effective in decreasing WBC and aEO counts in HEOS, with PMN and MNC protocols achieving similar reductions. However, PMN protocol resulted in greater negative fluid balance and MNC protocol resulted in greater platelet loss. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:481–489, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust compliance topology optimization based on the topological derivative concept
Authors: Torii André Jacomel , Novotny Antonio André , dos Santos Renatha Batista 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we present an approach for robust compliance topology optimization under volume constraint. The compliance is evaluated considering a point‐wise worst‐case scenario. Analogously to sequential optimization and reliability assessment, the resulting robust optimization problem can be decoupled into a deterministic topology optimization step and a reliability analysis step. This procedure allows us to use topology optimization algorithms already developed with only small modifications. Here, the deterministic topology optimization problem is addressed with an efficient algorithm based on the topological derivative concept and a level‐set domain representation method. The reliability analysis step is handled as in the performance measure approach. Several numerical examples are presented showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers and p‐methoxystyrene by a benign initiating system: Silver salt/arylmethyl halide/dialkyl sulfide
Authors: Lin Li , Zhang Guangyou , Kodama Koichi , Shitara Hiroaki , Hirose Takuji 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThree vinyl ethers (VEs: isobutyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, and isopropyl vinyl ether) and an active styrene derivative, p‐methoxystyrene (pMOS), were employed for cationic polymerization using a benign initiating system, AgClO4/Ph2CHBr/dialkyl sulfide. Choosing a sulfide with suitable nucleophilicity was important for achieving controlled polymerization. Additionally, selecting an appropriate reaction temperature based on monomer reactivity was also crucial for suppressing side reactions. Highly controlled polymerizations of VEs and pMOS were further confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). In addition, the coordination of the arylmethyl cation to the added base obviously influenced the initiation, as demonstrated by 1H NMR analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 861–870
Nanostructuring of Pure and Composite‐Based K6 Formulations with Low Sensitivities
Authors: Blas Lucia , Klaumünzer Martin , Pessina Florent , Braun Silke , Spitzer Denis 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work was to desensitize keto‐RDX, respectively 2‐oxo‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (K6). For this purpose, two different methods were employed. First, nano‐K6 was produced by means of the Spray Flash Evaporation process. Particles with a median size of 74 nm were obtained. Sensitivity to friction and electrostatic discharge were reduced by downscaling particle size of K6. Second, due to their molecular analogy, the mixing of K6 and RDX was studied. For that reason, a physical nanometric mixture of K6 and RDX was produced by the same technique. In the latter case, an inter‐particular synergy between both compounds was noticed but without forming a cocrystal. The median particle size of the mixture is about 82 nm, and its sensitivity is between the ones of raw nano‐materials concerning friction and electrostatic discharge. Moreover, the mixture is less sensitive to impact (3.03 J) than nano‐K6 (<1.56 J) and nano‐RDX (threshold is 2.0 J).
Surface effects on thermoelectric properties of metallic and semiconducting nanowires
Authors: Kojda Danny , Mitdank Rüdiger , Weidemann Stefan , Mogilatenko Anna , Wang Zhi , Ruhhammer Johannes , Kroener Michael , Töllner William , Woias Peter , Nielsch Kornelius , Fischer Saskia F. 
Published: October 2015

Metallic and semiconducting nanowires (NWs) are of interest in the field of thermoelectrics, because they act as model system to investigate the influence of surfaces on the thermoelectric transport properties. In single crystalline NWs, the grain boundary scattering is negligible and the surface‐to‐volume‐ratio is high. We present state‐of‐the‐art of the combination of the structural, chemical, and temperature‐dependent full thermoelectric characterization for individual single crystalline NWs, which is essential to conclude on surface effects. Temperature‐dependent measurements allow further conclusions on the scattering mechanisms. Simulations by the finite element method are performed on indented NWs to interpret the measurement results.Calculated surface temperature of a single‐indented and a multi‐indented NW.
Neonatal tactile stimulation decreases depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors and potentiates sertraline action in young rats
Authors: Freitas Daniele , Antoniazzi Caren T.D. , Segat Hecson J. , Metz Vinícia Garzella , Vey Luciana Taschetto , Barcelos Raquel C.S , Duarte Thiago , Duarte Marta M.M.F. , Burger Marilise Escobar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIt is well known that events which occur in early life exert a significant influence on brain development, what can be reflected throughout adulthood. This study was carried out in order to assess the influence of neonatal tactile stimulation (TS) on behavioral and morphological responses related to depression‐like and anxiety‐like behaviors, assessed following the administration of sertraline (SERT), a selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor (SSRI). Male pups were submitted to daily TS, from postnatal day 8 (PND8) to postnatal day 14 (PND14), for 10 min every day. On PND50, adult animals were submitted to forced swimming training (15 min). On PND51, half of each experimental group (UH and TS) received a single sub‐therapeutic dose of sertraline (SER, 0.3 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) or its vehicle (C, control group). Thirty minutes after injection, depression‐like behaviors were quantified in forced swimming test (FST, for 5 min). On the following day, anxiety‐like behaviors were assessed in elevated plus maze (EPM), followed by biochemical assessments. TS per se increased swimming time, decreasing immobility time in FST. Besides, TS per se was able to increase frequency of head dipping and time spent in the open arms of EPM, resulting in decreased anxiety index. In addition, groups exposed to TS showed decreased plasma levels of corticosterone per se. Interestingly, while TS exposure significantly potentiated the antidepressant activity of a subtherapeutic dose of SERT, this drug was able to exacerbate TS‐induced anxiolytic activity, as observed in FST and EPM, respectively. Decreased plasma levels of both corticosterone and cortisol in animals exposed to TS and treated with SERT are able to confirm the interesting interaction between this neonatal handling and the antidepressant drug. From our results, we conclude that neonatal TS is able to exert beneficial influence on the ability to cope with stressful situations in adulthood, preventing depression and favorably modulating the action of antidepressant drugs.