bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Single Market as an Engine for Employment through External Trade
Authors: Rueda‐Cantuche José Manuel , Sousa Nuno , Andreoni Valeria , Arto Iñaki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article quantifies for the first time the European employment effects of extra‐EU exports and the correct number of jobs generated through the intra‐EU trade (single market) associated with the production of such exports. The literature has neglected very often the latter effects mainly due to the lack of an appropriate methodology and data. The main results of the article show that, between 2000 and 2007, an increasing number of European jobs were dependent on extra‐EU exports and on the strengthening of the trade linkages across the internal market. During the period considered, the EU employment supported by extra‐EU exports grew from 22 to 25 million jobs, out of which 9 million jobs (in 2007) were due to spillover and feedback effects associated with the single market. Between 2000 and 2007 the EU also became a more vertically integrated economy, and reduced the labour intensity of the extra‐EU exports.
Multicenter Experience with Transvenous Lead Extraction in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
Authors: MAYTIN MELANIE , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , SCHAERF RAY H.M. , EPSTEIN LAURENCE M. , JOHN ROY M. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is becoming a more commonly diagnosed entity with frequent need for coincident implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy. Given predominant right ventricular disease with thinning of the wall, there is concern regarding the safety of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) in ARVC.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of consecutive patients with ARVC undergoing TLE of ICD leads at three high‐volume centers. Patient and lead characteristics, indications, outcomes, and extraction sheath (ES) use were analyzed.ResultsBetween 1999 and 2012, more than 2,000 lead extractions were performed at the three centers. Of these, 11 patients underwent 14 extractions meeting inclusion criteria. Mean implant duration was 74.5 months (range 6–140). In 11 patients, a total of 22 leads (16 high‐voltage and six pace‐sense leads) were extracted in 14 procedures. The cohort was 50% male with a mean age of 45 years (range, 25–56) and mean ejection fraction 55 ± 13%. The majority (64%) of leads were extracted due to lead malfunction, three patients had an ICD lead removed for exit block, and three patients underwent TLE for infectious complications (two local, one systemic). ES assistance with laser or mechanical cutting sheaths was employed in the vast majority of cases (85.7%). All leads were removed completely. There were no major procedural complications. In five cases, lead reimplantation encountered low‐amplitude R waves requiring multiple attempted lead positions before final successful implant.ConclusionsThis is the first reported series of TLE in ARVC patients. TLE can be performed safely and effectively in patients with ARVC by experienced operators at high‐volume centers with a low complication rate.
On Being Let Loose in the Field: The Execution of Professional Ethics
Authors: McAreavey Ruth 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn recent years concerns over litigation and the trend towards close monitoring of academic activity has seen the effective hijacking of research ethics by university managers and bureaucrats. This can effectively curtail cutting edge research as perceived ‘safe’ research strategies are encouraged. However, ethics is about more than research governance. Ultimately, it seeks to avoid harm and to increase benefits to society. Rural development debate is fairly quiet on the question of ethics, leaving guidance to professional bodies. This study draws on empirical research that examined the lives of migrant communities in Northern Ireland. This context of increasingly diverse rural development actors provides a backdrop for the way in which the researcher navigates through ethical issues as they unfold in the field. The analysis seeks to relocate ethics from being an annoying bureaucratic requirement to one where it is inherent to rigorous and professional research and practice. It reveals how attention to professional ethics can contribute to effective, situated and reflexive practice, thus transforming ethics to become an asset to professional researchers.
Paediatric HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: clinical presentation and 2‐year outcomes stratified by age group
Authors: Ben‐Farhat Jihane , Gale Marianne , Szumilin Elisabeth , Balkan Suna , Poulet Elisabeth , Pujades‐Rodríguez Mar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo examine age differences in mortality and programme attrition amongst paediatric patients treated in four African HIV programmes.MethodsLongitudinal analysis of data from patients enrolled in HIV care. Two‐year mortality and programme attrition rates per 1000 person‐years stratified by age group (<2, 2–4 and 5–15 years) were calculated. Associations between outcomes and age and other individual‐level factors were studied using multiple Cox proportional hazards (mortality) and Poisson (attrition) regression models.ResultsSix thousand two hundred and sixty‐one patients contributed 9500 person‐years; 27.1% were aged <2 years, 30.1% were 2–4, and 42.8% were 5–14 years old. At programme entry, 45.3% were underweight and 12.6% were in clinical stage 4. The highest mortality and attrition rates (98.85 and 244.00 per 1000 person‐years), and relative ratios (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.92, 95% CI 1.56–2.37; incidence ratio [aIR] = 2.10, 95% CI 1.86–2.37, respectively, compared with the 5‐ to 14‐year group) were observed amongst the youngest children. Increased mortality and attrition were also associated with advanced clinical stage, underweight and diagnosis of tuberculosis at programme entry.ConclusionsThese results highlight the need to increase access, diagnose and provide early HIV care and to accelerate antiretroviral treatment initiation for those eligible. Adapted education and support for children and their families would also be important.
De novo assembly of the pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) transcriptome provides tools for the development of a winter cover crop and biodiesel feedstock
Authors: Dorn Kevin M. , Fankhauser Johnathon D. , Wyse Donald L. , Marks M. David 
Published: June 2013

SummaryField pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) has potential as an oilseed crop that may be grown during fall (autumn) and winter months in the Midwestern United States and harvested in the early spring as a biodiesel feedstock. There has been little agronomic improvement in pennycress through traditional breeding. Recent advances in genomic technologies allow for the development of genomic tools to enable rapid improvements to be made through genomic assisted breeding. Here we report an annotated transcriptome assembly for pennycress. RNA was isolated from representative plant tissues, and 203 million unique Illumina RNA‐seq reads were produced and used in the transcriptome assembly. The draft transcriptome assembly consists of 33 873 contigs with a mean length of 1242 bp. A global comparison of homology between the pennycress and Arabidopsis transcriptomes, along with four other Brassicaceae species, revealed a high level of global sequence conservation within the family. The final assembly was functionally annotated, allowing for the identification of putative genes controlling important agronomic traits such as flowering and glucosinolate metabolism. Identification of these genes leads to testable hypotheses concerning their conserved function and to rational strategies to improve agronomic properties in pennycress. Future work to characterize isoform variation between diverse pennycress lines and develop a draft genome sequence for pennycress will further direct trait improvement.
Direct Geometrico-Static Problem of Underconstrained Cable-Driven Parallel Robots With Three Cables
Authors: Carricato Marco 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This paper studies the direct geometrico-static problem (DGP) of underconstrained cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) with three cables. The task consists in determining the end-effector pose and the cable tensile forces when the cable lengths are assigned. The problem is challenging, because kinematics and statics are coupled, and they must be tackled simultaneously. An effective elimination procedure is proposed and a least-degree univariate polynomial free of spurious factors is obtained in the ideal governing the problem. This is proven to admit 156 solutions in the complex field. Several approaches for the efficient computation of the complete solution set are presented, including an eigenproblem formulation and homotopy continuation.
Secondary Infections, Expanded Tissue Tropism, and Evidence for Malignant Potential in Immunocompromised Mice Infected with Mus musculus Papillomavirus 1 DNA and Virus
Authors: Cladel Nancy M. , Budgeon Lynn R. , Cooper Timothy K. , Balogh Karla K. , Hu Jiafen , Christensen Neil D. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
Papillomavirus disease poses a special challenge to people with compromised immune systems. Appropriate models to study infections in these individuals are lacking. We report here the development of a model that will help to address these deficiencies. The MmuPV1 genome was synthesized and used successfully to produce virus from DNA infections in immunocompromised mice. In these early studies, we have demonstrated both primary and secondary infections, expanded tissue tropism, and extensive dysplasia.
UPF1 Is Crucial for the Infectivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Progeny Virions
Authors: Serquiña Anna Kristina P. , Das Suman R. , Popova Elena , Ojelabi Ogooluwa A. , Roy Christian K. , Göttlinger Heinrich G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
The SF1 helicase MOV10 is an antiviral factor that is incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions. We now report that HIV-1 virions also incorporate UPF1, which belongs to the same SF1 helicase subfamily as MOV10 and functions in the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. Unlike ectopic MOV10, the overexpression of UPF1 does not impair the infectivity of HIV-1 progeny virions. However, UPF1 becomes a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 progeny virion infectivity when residues required for its helicase activity are mutated. In contrast, equivalent mutations abolish the antiviral activity of MOV10. Importantly, cells depleted of endogenous UPF1, but not of another NMD core component, produce HIV-1 virions of substantially lower specific infectivity. The defect is at the level of reverse transcription, the same stage of the HIV-1 life cycle inhibited by ectopic MOV10. Thus, whereas ectopic MOV10 restricts HIV-1 replication, the related UPF1 helicase functions as a cofactor at an early postentry step.
Characterization of the Bas-Congo Virus Glycoprotein and Its Function in Pseudotyped Viruses
Authors: Steffen Imke , Liss Nathan M. , Schneider Bradley S. , Fair Joseph N. , Chiu Charles Y. , Simmons Graham 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Bas-Congo virus (BASV) is a novel rhabdovirus recently identified from a patient with acute hemorrhagic fever in the Bas-Congo province of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Here we show that the BASV glycoprotein (BASV-G) can be successfully used to pseudotype glycoprotein-deficient vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), allowing studies of BASV-G-driven membrane fusion and viral entry into target cells without replication-competent virus. BASV-G displayed broad tissue and species tropism
in vitro
, and BASV-G-mediated membrane fusion was pH dependent. The conformational changes induced in BASV-G by acidification were fully reversible and did not lead to inactivation of the viral fusion protein. Our data combined with comparative sequence similarity analyses suggest that BASV-G shares structural and functional features with other rhabdovirus glycoproteins and falls into the group of class III viral fusion proteins. However, activation of BASV-G-driven fusion required a lower pH and higher temperatures than did VSV-G-mediated fusion. Moreover, in contrast to VSV-G, mature BASV-G in VSV pseudotypes consists of a mixture of high-mannose and complex glycans that enables it to bind to certain C-type lectins, thereby enhancing its attachment to target cells. Taken together, the results presented in this study will facilitate future investigations of BASV-G-mediated cell entry and its inhibition in the absence of an infectious cell culture assay for BASV and at lower biosafety levels. Moreover, serology testing based on BASV-G pseudotype neutralization can be used to uncover the prevalence and importance of BASV as a potential novel human pathogen in the DRC and throughout Central Africa.
Platelet chemokines in health and disease
Authors: Karshovska Ela , Weber Christian , Hundelshausen Philipp von 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIn recent years, it has become clear that platelets and platelet-derived chemokines, beyond their role in thrombosis and haemostasis, are important mediators affecting a broad spectrum of (patho)physiological conditions. These biologically active proteins are released from α-granules upon platelet activation, most probably even during physiological conditions. In this review, we give a concise overview and an update on the current understanding of platelet-derived chemokines in a context of health and disease.Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by G. Y. H. Lip, Editor in Chief.
Pursuing the curative blueprint for early myeloma
Authors: Roschewski Mark , Korde Neha , Wu S. Peter , Landgren Ola 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Treatment philosophies in multiple myeloma (MM) debate the relative merits of achieving the deepest possible remissions (“curative” doctrine) vs sequential delivery of antimyeloma agents (“control” doctrine). In this paper, we highlight the relevant strengths of each doctrine in the context of modern patient selection strategies, fresh biological insights on MM pathogenesis, agents with improved safety profiles, and emerging molecular and imaging tools. Paramount fundamental questions remain unanswered that require an intense research focus as we pursue a cure for this devastating disease.
Contribution of different classes of glutamate receptors in the corticostriatal polysynaptic responses from striatal direct and indirect projection neurons
Authors: Vizcarra-Chacón Bianca J , Arias-García Mario A , Pérez-Ramírez Maria B , Flores-Barrera Edén , Tapia Dagoberto , Drucker-Colin Rene , Bargas José , Galarraga Elvira 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Previous work showed differences in the polysynaptic activation of GABAergic synapses during corticostriatal suprathreshold responses in direct and indirect striatal projection neurons (dSPNs and iSPNs). Here, we now show differences and similarities in the polysynaptic activation of cortical glutamatergic synapses on the same responses. Corticostriatal contacts have been extensively studied. However, several questions remain unanswered, e.g.: what are the differences and similarities in the responses to glutamate in dSPNs and iSPNs? Does glutamatergic synaptic activation exhibits a distribution of latencies over time in vitro? That would be a strong suggestion of polysynaptic cortical convergence. What is the role of kainate receptors in corticostriatal transmission? Current-clamp recordings were used to answer these questions. One hypothesis was: if prolonged synaptic activation distributed along time was present, then it would be mainly generated from the cortex, and not from the striatum.

Results
By isolating responses from AMPA-receptors out of the complex suprathreshold response of SPNs, it is shown that a single cortical stimulus induces early and late synaptic activation lasting hundreds of milliseconds. Prolonged responses depended on cortical stimulation because they could not be elicited using intrastriatal stimulation, even if GABAergic transmission was blocked. Thus, the results are not explained by differences in evoked inhibition. Moreover, inhibitory participation was larger after cortical than after intrastriatal stimulation. A strong activation of interneurons was obtained from the cortex, demonstrating that polysynaptic activation includes the striatum. Prolonged kainate (KA) receptor responses were also elicited from the cortex. Responses of dSPNs and iSPNs did not depend on the cortical area stimulated. In contrast to AMPA-receptors, responses from NMDA- and KA-receptors do not exhibit early and late responses, but generate slow responses that contribute to plateau depolarizations.

Conclusions
As it has been established in previous physiological studies in vivo, synaptic invasion over different latencies, spanning hundreds of milliseconds after a single stimulus strongly indicates convergent polysynaptic activation. Interconnected cortical neurons converging on the same SPNs may explain prolonged corticostriatal responses. Glutamate receptors participation in these responses is described as well as differences and similarities between dSPNs and iSPNs.
Systematic identification of DNA variants associated with ultraviolet radiation using a novel Geographic-Wide Association Study (GeoWAS)
Authors: Hsu Irving , Chen Rong , Ramesh Aditya , Corona Erik , Kang Hyunseok Peter , Ruau David , Butte Atul J 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Long-term environmental variables are widely understood to play important roles in DNA variation. Previously, clinical studies examining the impacts of these variables on the human genome were localized to a single country, and used preselected DNA variants. Furthermore, clinical studies or surveys are either not available or difficult to carry out for developing countries. A systematic approach utilizing bioinformatics to identify associations among environmental variables, genetic variation, and diseases across various geographical locations is needed but has been lacking.

Methods
Using a novel Geographic-Wide Association Study (GeoWAS) methodology, we identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) with population allele frequencies associated with geographical ultraviolet radiation exposure, and then assessed the diseases known to be assigned with these SNPs.

Results
2,857 radiation SNPs were identified from over 650,000 SNPs in 52 indigenous populations across the world. Using a quantitative disease-SNP database curated from 5,065 human genetic papers, we identified disease associations with those radiation SNPs. The correlation of the rs16891982 SNP in the SLC45A2 gene with melanoma was used as a case study for analysis of disease risk, and the results were consistent with the incidence and mortality rates of melanoma in published scientific literature. Finally, by analyzing the ontology of genes in which the radiation SNPs were significantly enriched, potential associations between SNPs and neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease were hypothesized.

Conclusion
A systematic approach using GeoWAS has enabled us to identify DNA variation associated with ultraviolet radiation and their connections to diseases such as skin cancers. Our analyses have led to a better understating at the genetic level of why certain diseases are more predominant in specific geographical locations, due to the interactions between environmental variables such as ultraviolet radiation and the population types in those regions. The hypotheses proposed in GeoWAS can lead to future testing and interdisciplinary research.
Role of MUC20 overexpression as a predictor of recurrence and poor outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xiao Xiuying , Wang Lisha , Wei Ping , Chi Yayun , Li Dali , Wang Qifeng , Ni Shujuan , Tan Cong , Sheng Weiqi , Sun Menghong , Zhou Xiaoyan , Du Xiang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide. We observed that MUC20 was significantly up-regulated in CRC patients with poor prognosis based on the microarray analysis. However, little is known about the role of MUC20 in CRC.

Methods
Microarray experiments were performed on the Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip Array. The protein and mRNA levels of MUC20 were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in CRC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCT). ShRNA and overexpression plasmids were used to regulate MUC20 expression in CRC cell lines in vitro; wound healing, Transwell migration assays, and Western blotting were used to detect migration and invasion changes.

Results
MUC20 was one of the up-regulated genes in CRC patients with poor prognosis by microarray. Using IHC and RT-qPCR, we showed that MUC20 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in ANCT (P < 0.05). We further showed that MUC20 overexpression was correlated with recurrence and poor outcome (P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly worse in CRC patients with MUC20 overexpression. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed that MUC20 overexpression and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors. Elevated expression of MUC20 in cells promoted migration and invasion, whereas ShRNA-mediated knockdown inhibited these processes. In addition, Western blotting demonstrated that MUC20-induced invasion was associated with MMP-2, MMP-3, and E-cadherin.

Conclusions
Cumulatively, MUC20 may serve as an important predictor of recurrence and poor outcome for CRC patients. MUC20 overexpression could enhance migration and invasion abilities of CRC cells. Translation of its roles into clinical practice will need further investigation and additional test validation.
A true epidermotropic apocrine neoplasm in the form of perianal Paget’s disease: a case report
Authors: Jankulovski Nikola , Spasevska Liljana , Janevska Vesna , Dukova Blagica 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Extramammary Paget’s disease is an uncommon intraepithelial neoplasm that arises in areas rich in apocrine glands. Treatment includes wide surgical excision and nonsurgical modalities. We present the case of a patient with perianal Paget’s disease with no recurrent disease after wide surgical resection.

Case presentation
Our patient was a 46-year-old man of Macedonian ethnicity who presented with a pruritic perianal lesion measuring up to 6cm without pain or bleeding. Two biopsies and a perianal wide surgical excision were performed. The tissue specimens were formalin-fixed and the paraffin-embedded samples analyzed according to standard histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures.
Surgical perianal skin excision revealed diffuse eczematoid, whitish plaques. Pathohistology showed Paget cells infiltrating his epidermis and adnexal epithelium, with ulceration. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive Paget cell expression for cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, androgen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and negative expression for cytokeratin 20 and melan-A.

Conclusion
Paget’s disease is a rare disorder that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of perianal lesions. Reporting cases of extramammary Paget’s disease is crucial for diagnostic guidelines and different therapeutic options.