bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Indium‐Promoted Allylation of Chiral N‐Sulfinyl Imines
Authors: Foubelo Francisco , Yus Miguel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe indium‐promoted allylation of enantiomerically pure N‐tert‐butylsulfinyl imines has been shown to be a versatile and useful methodology for the preparation of diastereomerically enriched N‐protected homoallylamines. The preparation of both enantiomeric diastereomers is possible by changing the stereochemistry of the starting imine. Importantly, the deprotection of the sulfinylamines is easily achieved by acid treatment, and, therefore, the corresponding free amines are accessible in an enantioenriched manner. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of interesting compounds, that is, mostly alkaloids and a wide representation of naturally occurring products.
6‐Trichloromethylpurines and Related Compounds
Authors: Cohen Sasson , Vincze A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConversion of 2‐amino‐6‐methyl(II), 2‐methylamino‐6,9‐dimethyl (III) and 6‐methyl‐8‐trifluoromethylpurine(IV) into their 6‐trichloromethyl analogs was achieved with sulfuryl chloride in trifluoroacetic acid solution.
Analysis of P32 and Ca45 Exchange Between Hydroxyapatite and its Equilibrium Solution
Authors: Avnimelech Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe isotopic exchange of P32 and Ca45 with hydroxyapatite was studied along its solubility isotherm. The solution was in a chemical equilibrium with the solid, thus, only isotopic exchange reactions took place in the system. Isotopic dilutions during the exchange process enabled the measurement of a compartment with a very high exchange rate. The other compartments were analyzed using exchange kinetics.
Assessing carbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles cytotoxicity in Lewis lung carcinoma cells
Authors: Grudzinski Ireneusz P. , Bystrzejewski Michal , Cywinska Monika A. , Kosmider Anita , Poplawska Magdalena , Cieszanowski Andrzej , Fijalek Zbigniew , Ostrowska Agnieszka , Parzonko Andrzej 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCarbon‐encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINs) have been considered as attractive candidates for several biomedical applications. In the present study, we synthesized CEINs (the mean diameter 40–80 nm) using a carbon arc route, and the as‐synthesized CEINs were characterized (scanning and transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry, Zeta potential) and further tested as raw and purified nanomaterials containing the carbon surface modified with acidic groups. For cytotoxicity evaluation, we applied a battery of different methods (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide, lactate dehydrogenase, calcein AM/propidium iodide, annexin V/propidium iodide, JC‐1, cell cycle assay, Zeta potential, TEM and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) to address the strategic cytotoxic endpoints of Lewis lung carcinoma cells due to CEIN (0.0001–100 µg ml–1) exposures in vitro. Our studies evidence that incubation of Lewis lung carcinoma cells with CEINs is accompanied in substantial changes of zeta potential in cells and these effects may result in different internalization profiles. The results show that CEINs increased the mitochondrial and cell membrane cytotoxicity; however, the raw CEIN material (Fe@C/Fe) produced higher toxicities than the rest of the CEINs studied to data. The study showed that non‐modified CEINs (Fe@C/Fe and Fe@C) elevated some pro‐apoptotic events to a greater extent compared to that of the surface‐modified CEINs (Fe@C‐COOH and Fe@C‐(CH2)2COOH). They also diminished the mitochondrial membrane potentials. In contrast to non‐modified CEINs, the surface‐functionalized nanoparticles caused the concentration‐ and time‐dependent arrest of the S phase in cells. Taken all together, our results shed new light on the rational design of CEINs, as their geometry, hydrodynamic and, in particular, surface characteristics are important features in selecting CEINs as future nanomaterials for nanomedicine applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porcine small intestine submucosal grafts for post‐tumor resection orbital reconstruction
Authors: Phillips James , Riley Kristen O. , Woodworth Bradford A. 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisRemoval of the medial orbital wall for sinonasal tumor involvement is required to obtain complete oncologic resection. However, orbital fat herniation can produce significant morbidity, including enophthalmos and diplopia. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate outcomes following use of porcine small intestine submucosa (SIS) grafts for orbital reconstruction following extirpation of sinonasal malignancies.Study DesignCase series in a tertiary hospital setting.MethodsReview of prospectively collected data regarding orbital reconstruction using SIS was performed. Demographics, tumor histology, size of orbital defect, adjuvant treatment, clinical status, and complications were recorded.ResultsSeventeen patients (average age, 58 years; range, 27–82 years) had SIS grafting of the medial orbital wall over a 5‐year period at our tertiary academic institution. The average orbital wall defect size was 4.6 cm2(range, 1 cm2−24 cm2). Tumor histopathology included esthesioneuroblastoma (n = 5), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 4), adenocarcinoma (n = 2), sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 2), melanoma (n = 3), and neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 1). Surgical goals were curative intent in all patients. Ten patients had postoperative radiation therapy, whereas five individuals had surgical extirpation following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation. All patients had complete locoregional control at last clinical follow‐up (average, 16 months; range, 2–54 months), although three patients developed distant metastases. The only orbital complications noted were enophthalmos (n = 1), periorbital cellulitis (n = 1), and orbital wall crusting (n = 1).ConclusionsSIS reconstruction of orbital wall defects was effective in the current series of patients, with only one patient developing noticeable enophthalmos and a low incidence of surgical complications.Level of Evidence4.Laryngoscope, 124:E219–E223, 2014
The pathogenicity scoring system for mitochondrial tRNA mutations revisited
Authors: González‐Vioque Emiliano , Bornstein Belén , Gallardo María Esther , Fernández‐Moreno Miguel Ángel , Garesse Rafael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractConfirming the pathogenicity of mitochondrial tRNA point mutations is one of the classical challenges in the field of mitochondrial medicine. In addition to genetic and functional studies, the evaluation of a genetic change using a pathogenicity scoring system is extremely useful to discriminate between disease‐causing mutations from neutral polymorphisms. The pathogenicity scoring system is very robust for confirming pathogenicity, especially of mutations that show impaired activity in functional studies. However, mutations giving normal results using the same functional approaches are disregarded, and this compromises the power of the system to rule out pathogenicity. We propose to include a new criterion in the pathogenicity scoring systems regarding mutations which fail to show any mitochondrial defect in functional studies. To evaluate this proposal we characterized two mutations, m.8296A>G and m.8347A>G, in the mitochondrial tRNALys gene (MT‐TK) using trans‐mitochondrial cybrid analysis. m.8347A>G mutation severely impairs oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that it is highly pathogenic. By contrast, the behavior of cybrids homoplasmic for the m.8296A>G mutation is similar to cybrids containing wild‐type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The results indicate that including not only positive but also negative outcomes of functional studies in the scoring system is critical for facilitating the diagnosis of this complex group of diseases.
Metabolomics fingerprinting of the human seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic patients
Authors: Gilany Kambiz , Moazeni‐Pourasil Roudabeh Sadat , Jafarzadeh Naser , Savadi‐Shiraz Elham 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIt is estimated that 20% of couples are infertile, and half of these infertility cases are linked to men. One of conditions that can affect male fertility is asthenozoospermia. We applied Raman spectroscopy to the analysis of the metabolome of the human seminal plasma, and used chemometrics on the patterns of Raman spectra obtained. Significant changes were observed in the metabolome of the human seminal plasma of asthenozoospermic patients. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 84–86, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Nb2O5 additive on the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of PHT‐PMN ternary ceramics near the morphotropic phase boundary
Authors: Wang Dawei , Li Jinglin , Cao Maosheng , Zhang Shujun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecently, a new family of piezoelectric perovskite materials, PbHfO3‐PbTiO3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PHT‐PMN) ternary system was developed, possessing good piezoelectric properties and high Curie temperature near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). Nb2O5, as a donor dopant in the perovskite piezoelectric systems has been used to improve the dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In this work, the effect of Nb2O5 addition in the PHT‐PMN ternary system was reported. It was found that Nb doping led to the change of phase structure for the PHT‐PMN system. With the addition of Nb2O5 content, the ferroelectric polarization was reduced, while the electric‐field‐induced strain and hysteresis were enhanced significantly. In particular, the 0.2 wt% Nb2O5‐doped PHT‐PMN exhibited the optimum piezoelectric and electromechanical properties, with d33 and kp being on the order of 670 pC N−1 and of 71%, respectively.
Effect of Ge/Al thickness on Al‐induced crystallization of amorphous Ge layers on glass substrates
Authors: Nakazawa K. , Toko K. , Saitoh N. , Yoshizawa N. , Usami N. , Suemasu T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLow‐temperature (350 °C) crystallization of amorphous Ge films on SiO2 was investigated using Al‐induced layer exchange (ALILE) process. Thicknesses of Ge and catalytic Al layers were varied in the range of 30‐300 nm, which strongly influenced the ALILE growth morphology. Based on the study, the Ge thickness was adjusted to 40 nm while the Al thickness was adjusted 50 nm. This sample satisfied both of the surface coverage of polycrystalline‐Ge and the annihilation of randomly oriented Ge regions. Moreover, the enhancement of the heterogeneous Ge nucleation improved the (111) orientation and the grain size. As a result, the area fraction of the (111)‐orientation reached as high as 97% and the average grain size as large as 70‐μm diameters. This (111)‐oriented Ge layer with large‐grains promises to be the high‐quality epitaxial template for various functional materials to achieve next‐generation devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Mg2Si nanorod arrays by the heat treatment of Si nanorod arrays under Mg vapor
Authors: Li Wen , Nakane Kaito , Suzuki Motofumi , Tatsuoka Hirokazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPeriodic Mg2Si nanorod arrays were synthesized by the heat treatment of Si nanorod arrays with porous structure under Mg vapor. The structural properties of the Si and Mg2Si nanorods were investigated. The morphology of the Si nanorod arrays is preserved in the Mg2Si nanorod arrays. The diameter and height of the Mg2Si nanorods were significantly increased to 420 nm and 600 nm compared to those of the Si nanorods. The volumetric expansion from Si nanorods to Mg2Si nanorods is about V/VSi = 1.55 and the density of Si nanorods with porous structure is about 48.3%. Periodic Mg2Si nanorod arrays will be useful to control thermal and/or solar radiation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Technological possibilities of Si:H thin film deposition with embedded cubic Mg2Si nanoparticles
Authors: Galkin Nikolay G. , Galkin Konstantin N. , Chernev Igor M. , Fajgar Radek , Stuchlikova The Ha , Remes Zdenek , Stuchlik Jiri 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn this paper we introduce three technological ways how to increase an absorption coefficient of hydrogenated silicon/Si:H/ thin films and diode structures on the base of Si:H. The first one is reactive deposition epitaxy (RDE), which permit to form silicide nanoparticles of different elements /Fe, Cr, Ca, Mg/ with semiconducting properties and convenient band gap. Two more simple techniques have been also tested for the creation of magnesium silicide nanoparticles (Mg2Si‐NPs): a reactive laser ablation (RLA) and the combination of Mg vacuum evaporation and Plasma‐Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). The formation of Mg2Si‐NPs, its structures and the changes of optical absorption for samples grown by three methods have been proved by the Raman and optical spectroscopies. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constraint adaptive output regulation of output feedback systems with application to electrostatic torsional micromirror
Authors: Sun Weijie , Lan Jianglin , Yeow John T. W. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis paper studies a constraint adaptive output regulation design for a class of nonlinear systems with an unknown exosystem by output feedback control. First, by introducing an internal model with some known design parameter, our concerned problem may be formulated as a specific regulation problem with output constraint. Then, the barrier Lyapunov function technique is further integrated to approach the problem. It is shown that such a constraint adaptive output regulation problem is solvable without constraint violation. In particular, the constructed regulator cannot only keep the boundedness of the closed‐loop system signals but also guarantees the parameter convergence for the unknown parameter vector in the exosystem. As an application, it is illustrated that our result is applicable in tracking the control of an electrostatic torsional micromirror with physical geometry constraint. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Typing secure implementation of authentication protocols in environments with compromised principals
Authors: Sattarzadeh Behnam , Fallah Mehran S. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAnalyzing the executable code, instead of the high‐level model, of security protocols has received attention in recent years. To this end, a number of security type systems have already been proposed. These type systems are sound but incomplete. That is, a well‐typed protocol is certainly secure, whereas no judgment can be made about the protocol whose type‐annotated code is ill typed. In fact, the type‐based analysis of a protocol would have no result unless we are able to find a well‐typed code that represents both the protocol and the attacker's capabilities. As there is a very large space of possible type annotations and adversary models, this requires a profound knowledge of the rationale behind the underlying type system as well as the components of the protocol being analyzed. The problem is aggravated when the protocol runs in environments containing compromised principals. These issues have rendered the use of such type systems somewhat impractical. This paper is an attempt to resolve the problem for authentication protocols in environments containing Dolev–Yao attackers. We concretize our ideas in F5, a security type checker, and suggest effective type annotations and so‐called attacker interfaces representing the capabilities of a general adversary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Practical JFSL verification using TACO
Authors: Chicote M. , Ciolek D. , Galeotti J.P. 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYTranslation of Annotated COde (TACO) is a SAT‐based tool for bounded verification of Java programs. One challenge many formal tools share is to provide a practical interface for a non‐proficient user. In this article, we present an Eclipse plug‐in for the static verifier TACO. This plug‐in allows a user to walk a counterexample trace mimicking a debugging session. TacoPlug (our plug‐in) uses and extends TACO to provide a better debugging experience. TacoPlug interface allows the user to verify an annotated software using the TACO verifier. If TACO finds a violation to the specification, TacoPlug presents it in terms of the annotated source code. TacoPlug features several views of the error trace to facilitate fault understanding. It resembles any software debugger, but the debugging occurs statically without executing the program. Furthermore, should a dynamic analysis be required, TacoPlug presents the user with a unit test case generated by TACO based on the detected violation. We show the usability of our tool by means of a motivational example taken from a real‐life software error. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the importance of very long‐term water quality records
Authors: Burt T.P. , Howden N.J.K. , Worrall F. 
Published: November 2013

This overview is concerned with the value of long‐term records of water quality in river basin management. In a world where change rather than stasis is increasingly the norm, monitoring is an essential way to discover whether there are significant undesirable changes taking place in the natural environment. The regular collection and processing of information involves systematic and purposeful observation, a deliberate plan of action in which the data have considerable value given the knowledge of their context in time and space. Long‐term data reveal important patterns, which allow trends, cycles, and rare events to be identified. This is particularly important for complex systems where signals may be subtle and slow to emerge. Moreover, very long data sets are essential to test hypotheses undreamt of at the time the measurements were started. This overview includes long time series from UK rivers showing how water quality has changed over time—and continues to change. An important conclusion is the long time frame of system recovery, well beyond the normal lifetime of individual governments. At a time of increasing hydroclimatic variability, long time series of water quality observations remain critically important; continuity of observations is critical at key benchmark sites. WIREs Water 2014, 1:41–48. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1001This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Science of Water > Water Quality
The precarious state of the hydrosphere: why biocultural health matters
Authors: Johnston Barbara Rose , Fiske Shirley J. 
Published: November 2013

While the fundamental role of water as a human need and a human right has been acknowledged by the United Nations and member states, too often strategies to secure that right conflict with the competing interests and actions for the same resource. We are approaching a global tipping point in the hydrosphere where the biocultural sustainability of water resources is threatened by the cumulative and synergistic impacts of degenerative changes. When water that sustains life, livelihoods, and culture is threatened, the cultural stability and diversity of peoples and their environment is also threatened. Achieving long‐term sustainability of our hydrosphere requires re‐embedding social, cultural, and environmental concerns within and throughout the local, regional, and global systems that plan, finance, develop, manage, and use our world's water. WIREs Water 2014, 1:1–9. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1003This article is categorized under:

Human Water > Rights to Water
Dualities near the horizon
Authors: Ferrara Sergio , Marrani Alessio , Orazi Emanuele , Trigiante Mario 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

In 4-dimensional supergravity theories, covariant under symplectic electricmagnetic duality rotations, a significant role is played by the symplectic matrix
$ \mathcal{M} $
(φ), related to the coupling of scalars φ to vector field-strengths. In particular, this matrix enters the twisted self-duality condition for 2-form field strengths in the symplectic formulation of generalized Maxwell equations in the presence of scalar fields.
In this investigation, we compute several properties of this matrix in relation to the attractor mechanism of extremal (asymptotically flat) black holes. At the attractor points with no flat directions (as in the
$ \mathcal{N} $
= 2 BPS case), this matrix enjoys a universal form in terms of the dyonic charge vector
$ \mathcal{Q} $
and the invariants of the corresponding symplectic representation
$ {R_{\mathcal{Q}}} $
of the duality group G, whenever the scalar manifold is a symmetric space with G simple and non-degenerate of type E7.
At attractors with flat directions,
$ \mathcal{M} $
still depends on flat directions, but not
$ \mathcal{M}\mathcal{Q} $
, defining the so-called Freudenthal dual of
$ \mathcal{Q} $
itself. This allows for a universal expression of the symplectic vector field strengths in terms of
$ \mathcal{Q} $
, in the near-horizon Bertotti-Robinson black hole geometry.
The “O'Brien Ethic” as an Interpretative Problem
Authors: Regan John M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe necessity of adopting or redefining illiberal measures—such as torture, internment, or targeted-killings of terrorists—to protect states places burdens on the meaning of liberalism around the world. After 1969, liberal intellectual responses to the so-called Troubles in Northern Ireland identified two conflicted groups of Irish liberals. Then academic and politician Conor Cruise O'Brien attempted to reduce responses to the crisis to the choice between supporting the state and condoning terrorism. “Consenting liberals” compromised professional practices in the law, journalism, broadcasting, and academia to support the state's counterinsurgency. Alternatively, “dissenting liberals” defended their “neutrality” alongside the freedom to criticize the counterinsurgency. Justifying infringements on individual freedoms, O'Brien and others said the democratic state was imperiled. But, anomalously, freedoms were sacrificed in defense of the Irish state, which in security terms did little to defend itself. Nevertheless, the counterinsurgency became an organizing principle in intellectual life, and over forty years colored self-perceptions of Irish society, past and present.
Effects of repeated consumption on sensory-enhanced satiety
Authors: Yeomans Martin R. , McCrickerd Keri , Brunstrom Jeffrey M. , Chambers Lucy 
Published: November 2013

Previous research has suggested that sensory characteristics of a drink modify the acute satiating effects of its nutrients, with enhanced satiety being evident when a high-energy drink was thicker and tasted creamier. The present study tested whether this modulation of satiety by sensory context was altered by repeated consumption. Participants (n 48) consumed one of four drinks mid-morning on seven non-consecutive days, with satiety responses being measured pre-exposure (day 1), post-exposure (day 6) and at a 1-month follow-up. The drinks combined two levels of energy (lower energy (LE), 326 kJ and higher energy, 1163 kJ) with two levels of satiety-predictive sensory characteristics (low sensory (LS) or enhanced sensory). Test lunch intake 90 min after drink consumption depended on both the energy content and sensory characteristics of the drink before exposure, but on the energy content alone after exposure and at the follow-up. The largest change was an increase in test meal intake over time in the LE/LS condition. The effects on intake were reflected in appetite ratings, with rated hunger and expected filling affected by sensory characteristics and energy content pre-exposure, but were largely determined by energy content post-exposure and at the follow-up. In contrast, a measure of expected satiety reflected sensory characteristics regardless of energy content on all the three test days. Overall, these data suggest that some aspects of the sensory modulation of satiety are changed by repeated consumption, with covert energy becoming more effective in suppressing appetite over time, but also suggest that these behavioural changes are not readily translated into expectations of satiety.