bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative cluster analysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐diaphorase histochemistry in the brains of amphibians
Authors: Pinelli Claudia , Rastogi Rakesh K. , Scandurra Anna , Jadhao Arun G. , Aria Massimo , D'Aniello Biagio 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–diaphorase (NADPH‐d) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of the gaseous neurotransmitter nitric oxide. We compare the distribution of NADPH‐d in the brain of four species of hylid frogs. NADPH‐d–positive fibers are present throughout much of the brain, whereas stained cell groups are distributed in well‐defined regions. Whereas most brain areas consistently show positive neurons in all species, in some areas species‐specific differences occur. We analyzed our data and those available for other amphibian species to build a matrix on NADPH‐d brain distribution for a multivariate analysis. Brain dissimilarities were quantified by using the Jaccard index in a hierarchical clustering procedure. The whole brain dendrogram was compared with that of its main subdivisions by applying the Fowlkes–Mallows index for dendrogram similarity, followed by bootstrap replications and a permutation test. Despite the differences in the distribution map of the NADPH‐d system among species, cluster analysis of data from the whole brain and hindbrain faithfully reflected the evolutionary history (framework) of amphibians. Dendrograms from the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, and isthmus showed some deviation from the main scheme. Thus, the present analysis supports the major evolutionary stability of the hindbrain. We provide evidence that the NADPH‐d system in main brain subdivisions should be cautiously approached for comparative purposes because specific adaptations of a single species could occur and may affect the NADPH‐d distribution pattern in a brain subdivision. The minor differences in staining pattern of particular subdivisions apparently do not affect the general patterns of staining across species. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2980–3003, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D finite element modeling and analysis of dynamic force in bone drilling for orthopedic surgery
Authors: Qi Lin , Wang Xiaona , Meng Max Q. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYThree‐dimensional finite element modeling and analysis are made to simulate the dynamic process of bone drilling during the orthopedic surgery. This study is proposed to evaluate the performance of various surgical tools and the possible pre‐operative biohazard. In the simulation, the strain–stress curve of the bone is divided into linear elastic region and nonlinear plastic region according to the strain range. Rigid‐plasticity and elasto‐plasticity are used as bone material. The performances of twist drill bit and hollow drill bit are evaluated. The results of finite element analysis give different patterns of stress distribution on the two types of bone models and drill bits. The FE simulations show dynamic drilling process that the drill bit penetrates through the bone model. In vitro drilling experiment on porcine femur is conducted to measure the drilling force for the validation of the FEM. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The pharmacokinetic effect of coadministration of apremilast and methotrexate in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Liu Yong , Zhou Simon , Nissel James , Wu Anfan , Lau Henry , Palmisano Maria 
Published: February 2014

AbstractApremilast is a novel agent for the treatment of inflammatory based autoimmune disorders. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic effects of co administration of apremilast and methotrexate on both agents. This was an open‐label, multi‐center, 3‐treatment period, sequential study conducted in otherwise healthy subjects with psoriatic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who were receiving a stable oral dose of methotrexate between 7.5 to 20 mg once weekly. Subjects received their dose of methotrexate on Days 1 and 8 of the study in addition to Apremilast 30 mg oral every 12 hours on Days 3–8. Pharmacokinectic profiles of methotrexate and 7‐OH methotrexate were characterized after methotrexate alone (Day 1) and after co‐administration of methotrexate and Apremilast (on Day 8). The pharmacokinetic profile of Apremilast was characterized after Apremilast alone (on Day 7) and after co‐administration of methotrexate and Apremilast (on Day 8). The 90% confidence interval of the ratio of the geometric means for the Cmax and AUC parameters for methotrexate, 7‐OH methotrexate, and Apremilast alone and after co‐adminstration are all within the FDA acceptance range for equivalency (80–125%). This study showed that methotrexate and apremilast can be co‐ administered without any effect on the pharmacokinetic exposure of either agent.
A Knock‐in Foxj1CreERT2::GFP mouse for recombination in epithelial cells with motile cilia
Authors: Muthusamy Nagendran , Vijayakumar Akshitha , Cheng Gang , Ghashghaei H. Troy 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe transcription factor Foxj1 is expressed by cells destined to differentiate into epithelial cells projecting motile cilia into fluid‐ or air‐filled cavities. Here, we report the generation of an inducible knock‐in Foxj1CreERT2::GFP mouse, which we show reliably induces Cre‐mediated recombination for genetic studies in epithelial cells with motile cilia throughout embryonic and postnatal development. Induction during embryonic stages revealed efficient recombination in the epithelial component of the choroid plexus in the developing brain as early as E12.5. Induction during late embryonic stages showed confined recombination not only in the choroid plexus but also in the ventricular walls of the brain. Recombination induced during postnatal periods expanded to include epithelia of the lungs, testis, oviduct, and brain. Using these mice, we confirmed our recent discovery of a perinatally derived neuronal population in the mouse olfactory bulbs, which is derived from the Foxj1 lineage. Our Foxj1CreERT2::GFP knock‐in mouse will be a powerful tool for studying molecular mechanisms associated with the continuum of cells that form the Foxj1 lineage, and for assessing their physiological significance during development and aging. genesis 52:350–358, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A comprehensive survey of wnt and frizzled expression in the sea urchin Paracentrotuslividus
Authors: Robert Nicolas , Lhomond Guy , Schubert Michael , Croce Jenifer C. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryWNT signaling is, in all multicellular animals, an essential intercellular communication pathway that is critical for shaping the embryo. At the molecular level, WNT signals can be transmitted by several transduction cascades, all activated chiefly by the binding of WNT ligands to receptors of the FRIZZLED family. The first step in assessing the biological functions of WNT signaling during embryogenesis is thus the establishment of the spatiotemporal expression profiles of wnt and frizzled genes in the course of embryonic development. To this end, using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Northern blot, and in situ hybridization assays, we report here the comprehensive expression patterns of all 11 wnt and 4 frizzled genes present in the genome of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus during its embryogenesis. Our findings indicate that the expression of these wnt ligands and frizzled receptors is highly dynamic in both time and space. We further establish that all wnt genes are chiefly transcribed in the vegetal hemisphere of the embryo, whereas expression of the frizzled genes is distributed more widely across the embryonic territories. Thus, in P. lividus, WNT ligands might act both as short‐ and long‐range signaling molecules that may operate in all cell lineages and tissues to control various developmental processes during embryogenesis. genesis 52:235–250. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy in a 34‐year‐old patient with eating disorders and after the third sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Piotrowicz Ewa , Orzechowski Piotr , Bilinska Maria , Przybylski Andrzej , Szumowski Lukasz , Piotrowicz Ryszard 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTEating disorders (ED) such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia are psychiatric diseases associated with the highest mortality rate of any other psychiatric disorders. More recently, long‐term outcome studies with follow‐up of over 20 years report a mortality of between 15% and 18% (Casiero and Frishman, Cardiol Rev 14(5), 227, 2006). The sudden death secondary to arrhythmias is often the cause of death in these patients (Casiero and Frishman, Cardiol Rev 14(5), 227, 2006). A case of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in a patient with ED is presented. Clinical records (cardiologic, psychiatric), electrocardiograms, echocardiogram, coronary angiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance, and endocrine diagnostics were performed. Finally a cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) was implanted in the patient after her third cardiac arrest. An optimal approach to antiarrhythmic therapy in such patients is a real challenge for a cardiologist. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:253–257
Physico‐chemical properties and fatty acid profile of seed oils from pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) extracted by cold pressing
Authors: Khoddami Ali , Man Yaakob Bin Che , Roberts Thomas H. 
Published: February 2014

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds are normally waste products from pomegranate fruit processing but they are a valuable source of certain pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds. This study was performed to determine and compare the physico‐chemical properties of oils of pomegranate seed extracted by cold pressing from the variety Torshe Malas Iran (TMOI) and two commercial oils from Iran (COI) and Turkey (COT). Fatty acid analysis indicated that all the oil samples had a dominant fatty acid, punicic acid, with the other prominent fatty acids being linoleic and oleic acids. The thermal behavior of the three oils was determined using differential scanning calorimetry, which gave melting points of TMOI (−12.70°C), COI (1.87°C), and COT (2.25°C). TMOI was found to have the most favorable chemical quality attributes, including a low peroxide value (4.67 meq/kg), low free fatty acid content (0.65% as punicic acid), and high total phenolic content (10.44 mg GAE/g sample), followed by COT. Analysis of flavor compounds was conducted using fast gas chromatography‐surface acoustic wave technology, which allowed detection of 13 distinct aromas among the three oils. Overall, the physico‐chemical properties of the three oils were superior to those of pomegranate seed oils extracted using organic solvents reported previously.Practical application: Medical applications of pomegranate seed oil are gaining increasing attention, particularly due to the health benefits of punicic acid. Pomegranate seed oil is also highly suited to specific industrial applications, such as tanning. Despite its importance, little research has been conducted on the physico‐chemical properties of the oil extracted by cold press compared to conventional extraction methods and super critical CO2 extraction. This study shows that superior quality pomegranate seed oil can be extracted simply and without using organic solvents. Extraction of the highly nutritious cold‐pressed oil from pomegranate seeds could enable the generation of substantial revenue for pomegranate processing factories without associated environmental impacts.
When does dual identity predict protest? The moderating roles of anti‐immigrant policies and opinion‐based group identity
Authors: Wiley Shaun , Figueroa Jessica , Lauricella Taylor 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDual identities are defined as immigrants' identification with their ethnic ingroup as well as the national community in their country of residence. Dual identities have been argued to increase protest, because they make immigrants feel entitled to advocate for their disadvantaged ethnic group as part of a larger national community. In a study of Latino immigrants to the United States, however, we found that dual identities no longer predict protest when immigrants learn that other members of the national community have passed laws or enacted policies that would exclude immigrants or restrict their rights, through deportation and detention. Further, we found that immigrants who identify with those fighting to change such anti‐immigrant policies support protest regardless of the level of their dual identity and regardless of policy salience. We argue that these results point to the importance of dual identity recognition for research on immigrant protest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apron design for protecting double‐skin façade fires
Authors: Chow Nadia C. L. , Li S. S. , Huang D. X. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAlthough double‐skin façade (DSF) is an environmental‐friendly architectural feature, its fire behaviour is a deep concern. The interior glass system including the glass pane, metal frame and associated accessories will be hotter than the exterior glass system as demonstrated by earlier studies. The glass pane above the fire room will be broken to spread flame into the upper compartment. Aprons are proposed to protect the air cavity of DSF in a way similar to those outside a single‐skin façade. In this paper, the effect of aprons in protecting against fire spread from an underlying compartment to the compartments above by preventing glass breakage of the inner glass pane was studied. Fire and smoke from a post‐flashover room fire adjacent to the DSF would be trapped in the air cavity between the two glass panes. Spreading of hot gases with different apron widths was studied by numerical simulations with CFD first. Fire environment with and without breaking the apron immediately above the fire room was studied. Full‐scale burning tests on part of an experimental DSF rig were then carried out to demonstrate the performance of horizontal apron in the DSF rig of 6 m tall and air cavity depth of 2 m with different apron widths. All demonstrated that providing apron is appropriate in protecting DSF fires. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PERIOD1 coordinates hippocampal rhythms and memory processing with daytime
Authors: Rawashdeh Oliver , Jilg Antje , Jedlicka Peter , Slawska Jolanta , Thomas Lukas , Saade Anastasia , Schwarzacher Stephan W. , Stehle Jörg H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn species ranging from flies to mammals, parameters of memory processing, like acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval are clearly molded by time of day. However, mechanisms that regulate and adapt these temporal differences are elusive, with an involvement of clock genes and their protein products suggestive. Therefore, we analyzed initially in mouse hippocampus the daytime‐dependent dynamics of parameters, known to be important for proper memory formation, like phosphorylation of the “memory molecule” cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein (CREB) and chromatin remodeling. Next, in an effort to characterize the mechanistic role of clock genes within hippocampal molecular dynamics, we compared the results obtained from wildtype (WT) ‐mice and mice deficient for the archetypical clock gene Period1 (Per1‐/‐‐mice). We detected that the circadian rhythm of CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus of WT mice disappeared completely in mice lacking Per1. Furthermore, we found that the here for the first time described profound endogenous day/night rhythms in histone modifications in the hippocampus of WT‐mice are markedly perturbed in Per1‐/‐‐mice. Concomitantly, both, in vivo recorded LTP, a cellular correlate for long‐term memory, and hippocampal gene expression were significantly altered in the absence of Per1. Notably, these molecular perturbations in Per1‐/‐‐mice were accompanied by the loss of daytime‐dependent differences in spatial working memory performance. Our data provide a molecular blueprint for a novel role of PER1 in temporally shaping the daytime‐dependency of memory performance, likely, by gating CREB signaling, and by coupling to downstream chromatin remodeling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GPR40 activation leads to CREB and ERK phosphorylation in primary cultures of neurons from the mouse CNS and in human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Zamarbide Marta , Etayo‐Labiano Iñigo , Ricobaraza Ana , Martínez‐Pinilla Eva , Aymerich María S. , Luis Lanciego José , Pérez‐Mediavilla Alberto , Franco Rafael 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTGPR40, the free fatty acid receptor 1, is expressed strongly in the primate pancreas and brain. While the role of pancreatic GPR40 in glucose homeostasis has been extensively studied, the absence of this G‐protein‐coupled receptor from the brain of rodents has hampered studies into its role in the central nervous system. However, we found intense GPR40 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in mouse hippocampal and motor cortex neurons. Furthermore, in a neuroblastoma cell GPR40 was activated by docosahexaenoic acid and selective agonists, yet not by palmitic acid. Significantly, the activation of GPR40 provoked the phosphorylation of the cAMP response element‐binding protein, CREB. The receptor was also functional in primary cultures of murine neurons, in which its activation by a selective agonist produced the phosphorylation of CREB and of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases, ERK1/2. These results suggest that mice represent a suitable model for elucidating the role of GPR40 in brain function. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human hippocampal processing of environmental novelty during spatial navigation
Authors: Kaplan Raphael , Horner Aidan J. , Bandettini Peter A. , Doeller Christian F. , Burgess Neil 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe detection and processing of novel information encountered as we explore our environment is crucial for learning and adaptive behavior. The human hippocampus has been strongly implicated in laboratory tests of novelty detection and episodic memory, but has been less well studied during more ethological tasks such as spatial navigation, typically used in animals. We examined fMRI BOLD activity as a function of environmental and object novelty as humans performed an object‐location virtual navigation task. We found greater BOLD response to novel relative to familiar environments in the hippocampus and adjacent parahippocampal gyrus. Object novelty was associated with increased activity in the posterior parahippocampal/fusiform gyrus and anterior hippocampus extending into the amygdala and superior temporal sulcus. Importantly, whilst mid‐posterior hippocampus was more sensitive to environmental novelty than object novelty, the anterior hippocampus responded similarly to both forms of novelty. Amygdala activity showed an increase for novel objects that decreased linearly over the learning phase. By investigating how participants learn and use different forms of information during spatial navigation, we found that medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity reflects both the novelty of the environment and of the objects located within it. This novelty processing is likely supported by distinct, but partially overlapping, sets of regions within the MTL. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular biomarkers of phospholipidosis in rat blood and heart after amiodarone treatment
Authors: Bocchini Nicola , Giantin Mery , Crivellente Federica , Ferraresso Serena , Faustinelli Ivo , Dacasto Mauro , Cristofori Patrizia 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTPhospholipidosis (PLD) is characterized by an intracellular accumulation of phospholipids in lysosomes and concurrent development of concentric lamellar bodies. It is induced in humans and in animals by drugs with a cationic amphiphilic structure. The purpose of the present study was to identify a set of molecular biomarkers of PLD in rat blood and heart, hypothetically applicable in preclinical screens within the drug development process. A toxicological study was set up in rats orally treated up to 11 days with 300 mg kg–1 per day–1 amiodarone (AMD). Light and transmission electron microscopy investigations were performed to confirm the presence of lamellar bodies indicative of phospholipid accumulation. The effects of AMD upon the transcriptome of these tissues were estimated using DNA microarray technology. Microarray data analysis showed that a total of 545 and 8218 genes were modulated by AMD treatment in heart and blood, respectively. Some genes implicated in the phospholipid accumulation in cells, such as phospholipase A2, showed similar alterations of gene expression. After transcriptome criteria of analysis and target selection, including also the involvement in the onset of PLD, 7 genes (Pla2g2a, Pla2g7, Gal, Il1b, Cebpb, Fcgr2b, Acer 2) were selected as candidate biomarkers of PLD in heart and blood tissues, and their potential usefulness as a sensitive screening test was screened and confirmed by quantitative Real‐Time PCR analysis. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of transcriptional profiling in drug discovery and development, and suggest blood as a surrogate tissue for possible phospholipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potent Antiproliferative Effects of 25‐Hydroxy‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐vitamin D3 That Resists the Catalytic Activity of Both CYP27B1 and CYP24A1
Authors: Rhieu Steve Y. , Annalora Andrew J. , LaPorta Erika , Welsh JoEllen , Itoh Toshimasa , Yamamoto Keiko , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Chen Tai C. , Uskokovic Milan R. , Reddy G. Satyanarayana 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe potency of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) is increased by several fold through its metabolism into 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) by cytochrome P450 27B1 (CYP27B1). Thus, the pivotal role of 1α‐hydroxylation in the activation of vitamin D compounds is well known. Here, we examined the metabolism of 25‐hydroxy‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐vitamin D3 (25(OH)‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3), a synthetic analog of 25(OH)D3 in a cell‐free system and demonstrated that 25(OH)‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 is neither activated by CYP27B1 nor inactivated by cytochrome P450 24A1 (CYP24A1). These findings were also confirmed in immortalized normal human prostate epithelial cells (PZ‐HPV‐7) which are known to express both CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, indicating that the structural modifications featured in 25(OH)‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 enable the analog to resist the actions of both CYP27B1 and CYP24A1. To provide intelligible structure‐function information, we also performed molecular docking analysis between the analog and CYP27B1. Furthermore, 25(OH)‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 was found to suppress the growth of PZ‐HPV‐7 cells with a potency equivalent to 1α,25(OH)2D3. The antiproliferative activity of 25(OH)‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3 was found to be vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐dependent as it failed to inhibit the growth of mammary tumor cells derived from VDR‐knockout mice. Furthermore, stable introduction of VDR into VDR‐knockout cells restored the growth inhibition by 25(OH)‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐D3. Thus, we identified 25‐hydroxy‐16‐ene‐23‐yne‐vitamin D3 as a novel non‐1α‐hydroxylated vitamin D analog which is equipotent to 1α,25(OH)2D3 in its antiproliferative activity. We now propose that the low potency of the intrinsic VDR‐mediated activities of 25(OH)D3 can be augmented to the level of 1α,25(OH)2D3 without its activation through 1α‐hydroxylation by CYP27B1, but by simply preventing its inactivation by CYP24A1. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1392–1402, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.