bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Study of Intracranial Aneurysm Identifies a New Association on Chromosome 7
Authors: Foroud Tatiana , Lai Dongbing , Koller Daniel , van’t Hof Femke , Kurki Mitja I. , Anderson Craig S. , Brown Robert D. , Connolly Edward Sander , Eriksson Johan G. , Flaherty Matthew , Fornage Myriam , von und zu Fraunberg Mikael , Gaál Emília I. , Laakso Aki , Hernesniemi Juha , Huston John , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Kivisaari Riku , Kleindorfer Dawn , Ko Nerissa , Lehto Hanna , Mackey Jason , Meissner Irene , Moomaw Charles J. , Mosley Thomas H. , Moskala Marek , Niemelä Mika , Palotie Aarno , Pera Joanna , Rinkel Gabriel , Ripke Stephan , Rouleau Guy , Ruigrok Ynte , Sauerbeck Laura , Słowik Agnieszka , Vermeulen Sita H. , Woo Daniel , Worrall Bradford B. , Broderick Joseph 
Published: September 2014

Background and Purpose—
Common variants have been identified using genome-wide association studies which contribute to intracranial aneurysms (IA) susceptibility. However, it is clear that the variants identified to date do not account for the estimated genetic contribution to disease risk.

Methods—
Initial analysis was performed in a discovery sample of 2617 IA cases and 2548 controls of white ancestry. Novel chromosomal regions meeting genome-wide significance were further tested for association in 2 independent replication samples: Dutch (717 cases; 3004 controls) and Finnish (799 cases; 2317 controls). A meta-analysis was performed to combine the results from the 3 studies for key chromosomal regions of interest.

Results—

Genome-wide evidence of association was detected in the discovery sample on chromosome 9 (
CDKN2BAS
; rs10733376:
P
<1.0×10
−11
), in a gene previously associated with IA. A novel region on chromosome 7, near
HDAC9
, was associated with IA (rs10230207;
P
=4.14×10
−8
). This association replicated in the Dutch sample (
P
=0.01) but failed to show association in the Finnish sample (
P
=0.25). Meta-analysis results of the 3 cohorts reached statistical significant (
P
=9.91×10
−10
).

Conclusions—

We detected a novel region associated with IA susceptibility that was replicated in an independent Dutch sample. This region on chromosome 7 has been previously associated with ischemic stroke and the large vessel stroke occlusive subtype (including
HDAC9
), suggesting a possible genetic link between this stroke subtype and IA.
Extracting Microphysical Impacts in Large-Eddy Simulations of Shallow Convection
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A simple methodology is proposed to extract impacts of cloud microphysics on macrophysical cloud-field properties in large-eddy simulations of shallow convection. These impacts are typically difficult to assess because of natural variability of the simulated cloud field. The idea is to use two sets of thermodynamic variables driven by different microphysical schemes or by a single scheme with different parameters as applied here. The first set is coupled to the dynamics as in the standard model, and the second set is applied diagnostically—that is, driven by the flow but without the feedback on the flow dynamics. Having the two schemes operating in the same flow pattern allows for extracting the impact with high confidence. For illustration, the method is applied to simulations of precipitating shallow convection applying a simple bulk representation of warm-rain processes. Because of natural variability, the traditional approach provides an uncertain estimate of the impact of cloud droplet concentration on the mean cloud-field rainfall even with an ensemble of simulations. In contrast, the impact is well constrained while applying the new methodology. The method can even detect minuscule changes of the mean cloud cover and liquid water path despite their large temporal fluctuations and different evolutions within the ensemble.
Tornado Warning Decisions Using Phased-Array Radar Data
Authors: Heinselman Pamela , LaDue Daphne , Kingfield Darrel M. , Hoffman Robert 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The 2012 Phased Array Radar Innovative Sensing Experiment identified how rapidly scanned full-volumetric data captured known mesoscale processes and impacted tornado-warning lead time. Twelve forecasters from nine National Weather Service forecast offices used this rapid-scan phased-array radar (PAR) data to issue tornado warnings on two low-end tornadic and two nontornadic supercell cases. Verification of the tornadic cases revealed that forecasters’ use of PAR data provided a median tornado-warning lead time (TLT) of 20 min. This 20-min TLT exceeded by 6.5 and 9 min, respectively, participants’ forecast office and regions’ median spring season, low-end TLTs (2008–13). Furthermore, polygon-based probability of detection ranged from 0.75 to 1.0 and probability of false alarm for all four cases ranged from 0.0 to 0.5. Similar performance was observed regardless of prior warning experience. Use of a cognitive task analysis method called the recent case walk-through showed that this performance was due to forecasters’ use of rapid volumetric updates. Warning decisions were based upon the intensity, persistence, and important changes in features aloft that are precursors to tornadogenesis. Precursors that triggered forecasters’ decisions to warn occurred within one or two typical Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) scans, indicating PAR’s temporal sampling better matches the time scale at which these precursors evolve.
Analysis of Clinical Prognostic Factors for Adult Patients with Head and Neck Sarcomas
Authors: Chang Amy E. , Chai Xiaoyu , Pollack Seth M. , Loggers Elizabeth , Rodler Eve , Dillon Jasjit , Parvathaneni Upendra , Moe Kris S. , Futran Neal , Jones Robin L. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the treatment, outcome, and prognostic factors in patients with head and neck sarcomas treated in an academic medical center.Study DesignCase series.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of adult patients (n = 97) with primary head and neck sarcomas treated between 2000 and 2012. We analyzed the treatment, outcome, and potential factors predictive of disease‐free survival and disease‐specific survival. We also evaluated the outcome and prognostic factors in patients with bone and soft tissue sarcomas.ResultsThe median overall survival was 6.8 years, with 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates of 78% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66%‐86%) and 59% (95% CI, 44%‐72%), respectively. Univariable analysis revealed that age at diagnosis (>60 years: hazard ratio [HR], 2.7; 95% CI, 1.2‐6.2; P =. 01), surgical intervention (HR, 8.3; 95% CI, 3.5‐19.5; P <. 001), and metastatic disease (HR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3‐13.6; P =. 01) were significantly associated with disease‐specific survival.ConclusionIn this study, patients over the age of 60 years at diagnosis and those with inoperable disease at initial presentation had significantly worse disease‐specific survival. Surgical intervention remains the optimal treatment modality for those with resectable disease and was associated with significantly better survival in this heterogeneous series. Further multi‐institutional studies are required to better define prognostic factors in individual histological subtypes.
3D bone subtraction CT angiography for the evaluation of intracranial aneurysms: a comparison study with 2D bone subtraction CT angiography and conventional non-subtracted CT angiography
Authors: Cheng Bochao , Cai Wu , Sun Chongran , Kang Yan , Gong Jianping 
Published: September 2014

Background Bone subtraction computed tomography angiography (BSCTA) is better able to facilitate the detection of intracranial aneurysms adjacent to bone structures compared to conventional non-subtracted CTA (CNSCTA). However, the comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) BSCTA and conventional CTA in evaluating intracranial aneurysms remains unclear. Purpose To evaluate whether 3D BSCTA has a superior diagnostic accuracy to those of 2D BSCTA and CNSCTA in a single center with the same instrument. Material and Methods Sixty-three patients received 3D BSCTA, 2D BSCTA, and NSCTA for the detection and treatment planning of suspected intracranial aneurysms. The angiography readouts were reviewed by two independent radiologists. The sensitivity of CTA in detecting aneurysm was analyzed on a per-aneurysm and per-patient basis, using 3D digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and surgical findings as the gold standard. The potential of endovascular treatment or surgical clipping was also assessed based on information provided by the CTA. Results A total of 66 aneurysms were detected in 54 patients. The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of 3D BSCTA were all 100%, and these values for 2D BSCTA were 98.1%, 100%, 100%, and 90%, respectively. The total sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of CNSCTA were 94.4%, 100%, 100%, and 75%, respectively. Finally, 100%, 98.1%, and 85.2% patients received appropriate treatment decisions after 3D BSCTA, 2D BSCTA, and CNSCTA imaging, respectively. Conclusion 3D BSCTA has a higher sensitivity for the detection of small aneurysms and aneurysms adjacent to bone compared to 2D BSCTA or CNSCTA, which were still able to obtain sufficient information for the detection of intracranial aneurysms and therapeutic decision-making.
Factors associated with specific uropathogens in catheter-associated urinary tract infection: Developing a clinical prediction model
Authors: Oh Won Sup , Hur Ji-An , Kim Eu Suk , Park Kyung-Hwa , Choi Hee Kyoung , Moon Chisook , Kim Baek-Nam 
Published: September 2014

Objectives To identify characteristics associated with particular groups of uropathogens in catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CA–UTI) and to develop clinical prediction rules for identifying these groups. Methods Demographic, clinical and microbiological data were analysed from patients with CA–UTI. Infections were categorized into enteric Gram-negative rods, nonfermenters, Gram-positive cocci and fungal. Variables were analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, and were used to develop clinical prediction rules. Results A total of 492 patients were included in the study. Candida species were the most common uropathogens (30.7%), followed by enterococci (17.3%), Escherichia coli (12.0%), Pseudomonas spp. (10.8%), Klebsiella spp. (7.9%) and staphylococci (6.5%). Clinical prediction rules for the bacterial uropathogenic groups showed poor-to-fair discriminatory power, with sensitivities of <40% and specificities of >90%. However, clinical prediction rules showed good discriminatory power for fungal infections, with a sensitivity of 67.3% and a specificity of 78.1%. Conclusions Clinical prediction rules developed for identifying specific groups of bacterial uropathogens in patients with CA–UTI had a low sensitivity, whereas those for fungal infections showed good discriminatory power. Further studies to develop more refined and sensitive tools for predicting specific bacterial uropathogens in CA–UTI are warranted.
Effect of radial shock wave therapy on pain and muscle hypertonia: a double-blind study in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Marinelli L , Mori L , Solaro C , Uccelli A , Pelosin E , Currà A , Molfetta L , Abbruzzese G , Trompetto C 
Published: September 2014

Background: Radial shock wave therapy (RSWT) has been extensively used in rehabilitative medicine to treat pain, and more recently muscle hypertonia, in patients with cerebral palsy and stroke. Objectives: To assess the long-term effects of RSWT in a cohort of subjects affected by multiple sclerosis (MS) who were suffering from painful hypertonia of ankle extensor muscles. Methods: In this randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled study, we treated 34 patients with four sessions of RSWT (once weekly) and treated 34 patients with placebo. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1 week after the first session, and 1 week and 4 weeks after the last session. We measured pain using the visual analogue scale for pain, while we assessed muscle tone using the modified Ashworth scale and evaluated spinal excitability using the H-reflex. Results: After RSWT, muscle tone decreased 1 week after the last session and pain decreased at all the follow-up evaluations, while spinal excitability was unaffected. No significant changes were found after the placebo treatment. Conclusions: RSWT can reduce pain and muscle tone in MS patients without adverse effects. The lack of RSWT effects on spinal excitability supports the idea that RSWT is likely to act on non-reflex hypertonia, for example reducing muscle fibrosis.
Integrating professional social work identity and social justice advocacy: An analysis of the Australian campaign to restore Medicare rebates for accredited mental health social workers
Authors: Mendes Philip , McCurdy Samone , Allen-Kelly Kandie , Charikar Karl , Incerti Kate 
Published: September 2014

Summary This study utilises a recent social action campaign undertaken by the Australian Association of Social Workers to examine the skills, motives and factors of success for social workers and professional bodies in undertaking social action activities. Findings The evidence suggests effective social action is likely to rely on several, interdependent factors. Social workers appear more likely to actively intervene in policy issues when their immediate client base, professional identity or personal livelihood is threatened. Peak professional bodies are more likely to succeed in lobbying when they are able to mobilise broad-ranging support, present a united media presence and form alliances with key stakeholders and influencers outside their organisation. Application Results from this study may be useful for professional associations, social work educators and students who are interested in understanding social action in the context of social work practice and ensuring they have the skills and knowledge to fulfil their professional mandate as agents of social change.
Effect of thromboelastography (TEG®) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) on diagnosis of coagulopathy, transfusion guidance and mortality in trauma: descriptive systematic review
Authors: Da Luz Luis Teodoro , Nascimento Bartolomeu , Shankarakutty Ajith Kumar , Rizoli Sandro , Adhikari Neill KJ 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The understanding of coagulopathies in trauma has increased interest in thromboelastography (TEG®) and thromboelastometry (ROTEM®), which promptly evaluate the entire clotting process and may guide blood product therapy. Our objective was to review the evidence for their role in diagnosing early coagulopathies, guiding blood transfusion, and reducing mortality in injured patients.

Methods
We considered observational studies and randomized controlled trials (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases) to February 2014 that examined TEG®/ROTEM® in adult trauma patients. We extracted data on demographics, diagnosis of early coagulopathies, blood transfusion, and mortality. We assessed methodologic quality by using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for observational studies and QUADAS-2 tool for diagnostic accuracy studies.

Results
Fifty-five studies (12,489 patients) met inclusion criteria, including 38 prospective cohort studies, 15 retrospective cohort studies, two before-after studies, and no randomized trials. Methodologic quality was moderate (mean NOS score, 6.07; standard deviation, 0.49). With QUADAS-2, only three of 47 studies (6.4%) had a low risk of bias in all domains (patient selection, index test, reference standard and flow and timing); 37 of 47 studies (78.8%) had low concerns regarding applicability. Studies investigated TEG®/ROTEM® for diagnosis of early coagulopathies (n = 40) or for associations with blood-product transfusion (n = 25) or mortality (n = 24). Most (n = 52) were single-center studies. Techniques examined included rapid TEG® (n =12), ROTEM® (n = 18), TEG® (n = 23), or both TEG® and rapid TEG® (n = 2). Many TEG®/ROTEM® measurements were associated with early coagulopathies, including some (hypercoagulability, hyperfibrinolysis, platelet dysfunction) not assessed by routine screening coagulation tests. Standard measures of diagnostic accuracy were inconsistently reported. Many abnormalities predicted the need for massive transfusion and death, but predictive performance was not consistently superior to routine tests. One observational study suggested that a ROTEM® -based transfusion algorithm reduced blood-product transfusion, but TEG®/ROTEM®-based resuscitation was not associated with lower mortality in most studies.

Conclusions
Limited evidence from observational data suggest that TEG®/ROTEM® tests diagnose early trauma coagulopathy and may predict blood-product transfusion and mortality in trauma. Effects on blood-product transfusion, mortality, and other patient-important outcomes remain unproven in randomized trials.
miR-199a-5p inhibits monocyte/macrophage differentiation by targeting the activin A type 1B receptor gene and finally reducing C/EBPα expression
Authors: Lin Hai-Shuang , Gong Jia-Nan , Su Rui , Chen Ming-Tai , Song Li , Shen Chao , Wang Fang , Ma Yan-Ni , Zhao Hua-Lu , Yu Jia , Li Wei-Wei , Huang Li-Xia , Xu Xin-Hua , Zhang Jun-Wu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractmiRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate expression of target genes at post-transcriptional levels and function in many important cellular processes, including differentiation, proliferation, etc. In this study, we observed down-regulation of miR-199a-5p during monocyte/macrophage differentiation of HL-60 and THP-1 cells, as well as human CD34+ HSPCs. This down-regulation of miR-199a-5p resulted from the up-regulation of PU.1 that was demonstrated to regulate transcription of the miR-199a-2 gene negatively. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p by miR-199a-5p mimic transfection or lentivirus-mediated gene transfer significantly inhibited monocyte/macrophage differentiation of the cell lines or HSPCs. The mRNA encoding an ACVR1B was identified as a direct target of miR-199a-5p. Gradually increased ACVR1B expression level was detected during monocyte/macrophage differentiation of the leukemic cell lines and HSPCs, and knockdown of ACVR1B resulted in inhibition of monocyte/macrophage differentiation of HL-60 and THP-1 cells, which suggested that ACVR1B functions as a positive regulator of monocyte/macrophage differentiation. We demonstrated that miR-199a-5p overexpression or ACVR1B knockdown promoted proliferation of THP-1 cells through increasing phosphorylation of Rb. We also demonstrated that the down-regulation of ACVR1B reduced p-Smad2/3, which resulted in decreased expression of C/EBPα, a key regulator of monocyte/macrophage differentiation, and finally, inhibited monocyte/macrophage differentiation.
Default mode network subsystem alterations in
obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Beucke Jan C. , Sepulcre Jorge , Eldaief Mark C. , Sebold Miriam , Kathmann Norbert , Kaufmann Christian 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundAlthough neurobiological models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD)
traditionally emphasise the central role of corticostriatal brain
regions, studies of default mode network integrity have garnered
increasing interest, but have produced conflicting results.AimsTo resolve these discrepant findings by examining the integrity of
default mode network subsystems in OCD.MethodComparison of seed-based resting-state functional connectivity of 11
default mode network components between 46 patients with OCD and 46
controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsSignificantly reduced connectivity within the dorsal medial prefrontal
cortex self subsystem was identified in the OCD group, and remained
significant after controlling for medication status and life-time history
of affective disorders. Further, greater connectivity between the self
subsystem and salience and attention networks was observed.ConclusionsResults indicate that people with OCD show abnormalities in a neural
system previously associated with self-referential processing in healthy
individuals, and suggest the need for examination of dynamic interactions
between this default mode network subsystem and other large-scale
networks in this disorder.
Trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder and psychiatric disorders in a middle-income setting: prevalence and comorbidity
Authors: Dorrington Sarah , Zavos Helena , Ball Harriet , McGuffin Peter , Rijsdijk Fruhling , Siribaddana Sisira , Sumathipala Athula , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundMost studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have focused on ‘high-risk’ populations defined by exposure to trauma.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a LMIC, the conditional probability of PTSD given a traumatic event and the strength of associations between traumatic events and other psychiatric disorders.MethodOur sample contained a mix of 3995 twins and 2019 non-twins. We asked participants about nine different traumatic exposures, including the category ‘other’, but excluding sexual trauma.ResultsTraumatic events were reported by 36.3% of participants and lifetime PTSD was present in 2.0%. Prevalence of non-PTSD lifetime diagnosis was 19.1%. Of people who had experienced three or more traumatic events, 13.3% had lifetime PTSD and 40.4% had a non-PTSD psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsDespite high rates of exposure to trauma, this population had lower rates of PTSD than high-income populations, although the prevalence might have been slightly affected by the exclusion of sexual trauma. There are high rates of non-PTSD diagnoses associated with trauma exposure that could be considered in interventions for trauma-exposed populations. Our findings suggest that there is no unique relationship between traumatic experiences and the specific symptomatology of PTSD.Copyright and usage© Royal College of Psychiatrists 2014. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence.
Vitamin D deficiency in patients with intellectual disabilities: prevalence, risk factors and management strategies
Authors: Frighi Valeria , Morovat Alireza , Stephenson Matthew T. , White Sarah J. , Hammond Christina V. , Goodwin Guy M. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities have a high risk of osteoporosis and fractures, which could partly be as a result of vitamin D deficiency.AimsTo compare the serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 155 patients with intellectual disabilities under psychiatric care and 192 controls, investigate potential risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in people with intellectual disabilities and assess available treatments.MethodCross-sectional observational study followed by treatment evaluation.ResultsAlmost twice as many patients with intellectual disabilities had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/l) compared with controls (77.3%v.39.6%,P<0.0001). In the intellectual disabilities group, winter season (P<0.0001), dark skin pigmentation (P<0.0001), impaired mobility (P= 0.002) and obesity (P= 0.001) were independently associated with lower serum 25(OH)D. In most patients, 800 IU colecalciferol daily normalised 25(OH)D levels.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in people with intellectual disabilities, partly because of insufficient exposure to sunlight. Screening and treatment strategies, aiming to reduce these patients' high fracture risk, should be introduced. Similar strategies may be required in other psychiatric populations at risk for fractures and with a tendency to spend excessive time indoors.