bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-operative respiratory distress following primary cleft palate repair
Authors: Smith D , Abdullah S E F H J , Moores A , Wynne D M 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Infants are obligate nasal breathers. Cleft palate closure may result in upper airway compromise. We describe children undergoing corrective palatal surgery who required unplanned airway support.Setting:Tertiary referral unit.Method:Retrospective study (2007–2009) of 157 cleft palate procedures (70 primary procedures) in 43 patients. Exclusion criteria comprised combined cleft lip and palate, secondary palate procedure, and pre-existing airway support.Results:The children's mean age was 7.5 months and their mean weight 7.72 kg. Eight children were syndromic, and eight underwent pre-operative sleep studies (five positive, three negative). Post-operatively, five developed respiratory distress and four required oxygen, both events significantly associated with pre-operative obstructive sleep apnoea (p = 0.001 and 0.015, respectively). Four desaturated within 24 hours. Five required a nasopharyngeal airway. Hospital stay (mean, 4 days) was significantly associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (p = 0.002) and nasopharyngeal airway insertion (p = 0.017).Discussion:Pre-operative obstructive sleep apnoea correlated significantly with post-operative respiratory distress, supplementary oxygen requirement, nasopharyngeal airway insertion and hospital stay. We recommend pre-operative sleep investigations for all children undergoing cleft palate repair, to enable appropriate timing of the procedure.
Effect of the inter-grain attractive potential on lattice dynamics in complex plasmas
Authors: VERMA M. P. , MISHRA S. K. , SODHA M. S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe dispersion relation for lattice waves in a linear chain of charged particles in a complex plasma has been derived on the basis of a screened inter-grain repulsive potential and an attractive shadow potential 1/r. It is seen that the inclusion of the attractive potential makes a significant difference in the results; the present results are in good agreement with the experiment. The dispersion relations, corresponding to square and hexagonal planar lattices, with vibrations confined to the plane have also been derived.
Ion-acoustic shock waves in a degenerate dense plasma
Authors: ZOBAER M. S. , ROY N. , MAMUN A. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA theoretical investigation on the nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic waves in a degenerate dense plasma has been made by employing the reductive perturbation method. The Burger's equation has been derived, and numerically analyzed. The basic features of electrostatic shock structures have been examined. It has been shown that the plasma system under consideration supports the propagation of electrostatic shock structures. The implications of our results (obtained from this investigation) in compact astrophysical objects have been briefly discussed.
Dust acoustic instability with non-extensive distribution
Authors: LIU SAN QIU , QIU HUI BIN 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe instability of dust acoustic waves driven by electrons and ions with different drift velocities in dusty non-extensive plasma is investigated based on the kinetic theory. The non-extensivity parameters of non-extensive distribution for three plasma components are different from each other. The instability growth rate is shown to be dependent on the non-extensivity parameters as well as on the ion--electron number density ratio. In the extensive limit (q=1), the result in Maxwellian distribution plasma is recovered. The instability growth rate is found to decrease as the population of suprathermal electrons and dust grains increases, but it enhances when the number of suprathermal ions increases and electron density decreases.
Leucothoe cathalaa sp. nov. (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Leucothoidae), a new bathyal benthic species from the Le Danois Bank (‘El Cachucho’ Spanish MPA), southern Bay of Biscay
Authors: Frutos Inmaculada , Sorbe Jean Claude 
Published: November 2012

A new bathyal leucothoid amphipod, Leucothoe cathalaa sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on specimens collected at the Le Danois Bank (‘El Cachucho’ Marine Protected Area), southern Bay of Biscay. This species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus Leucothoe by the hardly visible eyes (translucent ocelli, in preserved specimens); antenna 1 with minute accessory flagellum; coxae 1–3 with 2 serrations on posterodistal margin; epimeron 3 posterodistal corner produced, bifid, with one seta between blunt lobes and telson apex pointed without accessory teeth. In live specimens, the eyes are easily visible, each represented as a rounded whitish-pigmented spot. The new species has been found living on fine sandy soft-bottoms between 486 and 574 m depth at the top of the bank. An identification key to the deep Atlantic European species of Leucothoe is provided, as well as ecological and biological comments.
Lobster (Homarus americanus), a new host for marine horsehair worms (Nectonema agile, Nematomorpha)
Authors: Schmidt-Rhaesa Andreas , Pohle Gerhard , Gaudette Julien , Burdett-Coutts Victoria 
Published: November 2012

Nectonema species are parasites of decapod crustaceans and the only known representatives of the otherwise freshwater/terrestrial taxon Nematomorpha. We report the American lobster, Homarus americanus, as a new host for Nectonema agile, a first record among astacidean decapods. A female, about 590 mm long, was found in the body cavity of one female lobster specimen. We assume lobster to be a very rare host for Nectonema.
The reproductive cycle of a deep-sea eel, Nettastoma melanurum (Nettastomatidae: Anguilliformes) from the south-eastern Sardinian Sea (central-western Mediterranean)
Authors: Porcu Cristina , Follesa Maria Cristina , Gastoni Alice , Mulas Antonello , Pedoni Claudia , Cau Angelo 
Published: November 2012

The reproductive cycle of the deep-sea eel Nettastoma melanurum was described based on 397 specimens (171 males and 226 females). Experimental trawl surveys between depths of 772 and 1598 m and commercial hauls (580–600 m) on compact mud bottoms off the south-eastern Sardinian waters (central-western Mediterranean) were carried out. The Sardinian catches did not indicate any particular trend of size-range in relation to depth in both sexes and seem to be sexually dimorphic with females growing almost 9 cm longer than males at maximum lengths. It was a dioeceous and an oviparous deep-sea species. For females and males, six stages of oocyte development, characterizing the different stages of maturity, were identified. Histological examination demonstrated that ovaries of N. melanurum showed a ‘group-synchronous’ pattern, highlighting a type of monocyclic ovary. The species showed a size at first maturity of 53.5 cm and 50.5 cm total length in females and males respectively. The reproductive period appeared to be unique and well defined in both sexes. Their monthly changes of gonadosomatic index and maturation phases of ovaries and testis showed that the species was in a resting period from March to July. Vitellogenesis and spawning began in September and ended in January. Nettastoma melanurum seemed to be a fecund species (8132–18755 eggs).
Trophic spectrum of the sailfishIstiophorus platypteruscaught off Acapulco in the southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: Hernández-Aguilar Sandra Berenice , Abitia-Cárdenas Leonardo Andrés , Moreno-Sánchez Xchel Gabriel , Arellano-Martínez Marcial , González-Rodríguez Eduardo 
Published: November 2012

The sailfishIstiophorus platypterusis one of the most common billfish species in the Mexican Pacific. Information about its feeding habits in the coastal region of Acapulco, Guerrero is extremely limited. In the present study we quantified the diet of sailfish, based on captures made from March 2008 to December 2009 by the sport fishing fleet of Acapulco. We analysed a total of 561 stomachs, of which 254 contained food (45%). The size interval of examined specimens was between 101 and 212 cm postorbital length and between 15 and 47 kg total weight. In general, teleosts were the most important prey, followed by cephalopods. According to index of relative importance, the most important species in the diet were the fishAuxis thazard(63.04%) andFistularia commersonii(6.62%), followed by the cephalopodOctopusspp. (4.58%). There were no significant differences in the diet by sex (males and females), sexual maturity (immature and mature), or by season (warm and cold seasons). In all cases the most important prey species wasA. thazard. We conclude that the sailfishI. platypterusoff Acapulco behaves as a specialist predator because, despite the consumption of a high number of prey items, it feeds preferentially on a reduced number of prey species that form schools, and are available and abundant in the ocean.
Evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for the identification of ceratopogonid and culicid larvae
Authors: STEINMANN I. C. , PFLÜGER V. , SCHAFFNER F. , MATHIS A. , KAUFMANN C. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYMatrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was evaluated for the rapid identification of ceratopogonid larvae. Optimal sample preparation as evaluated with laboratory-reared biting midgesCulicoides nubeculosuswas the homogenization of gut-less larvae in 10% formic acid, and analysis of 0·2 mg/ml crude protein homogenate mixed with SA matrix at a ratio of 1:1·5. Using 5 larvae each of 4 ceratopogonid species (C. nubeculosus,C. obsoletus,C. decor, andDasyheleasp.) and of 2 culicid species (Aedes aegypti,Ae. japonicus), biomarker mass sets between 27 and 33 masses were determined. In a validation study, 67 larvae belonging to the target species were correctly identified by automated database-based identification (91%) or manual full comparison (9%). Four specimens of non-target species did not yield identification. As anticipated for holometabolous insects, the biomarker mass sets of adults cannot be used for the identification of larvae, and vice versa, because they share only very few similar masses as shown forC. nubeculosus,C. obsoletus, andAe. japonicus. Thus, protein profiling by MALDI-TOF as a quick, inexpensive and accurate alternative tool is applicable to identify insect larvae of vector species collected in the field.
Thought disorder in the meta-structure of psychopathology
Authors: Keyes K. M. , Eaton N. R. , Krueger R. F. , Skodol A. E. , Wall M. M. , Grant B. , Siever L. J. , Hasin D. S. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundDimensional models of co-morbidity have the potential to improve the conceptualization of mental disorders in research and clinical work, yet little is known about how relatively uncommon disorders may fit with more common disorders. The present study estimated the meta-structure of psychopathology in the US general population focusing on the placement of five under-studied disorders sharing features of thought disorder: paranoid, schizoid, avoidant and schizotypal personality disorders, and manic episodes as well as bipolar disorder.MethodData were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a face-to-face interview of 34 653 non-institutionalized adults in the US general population. The meta-structure of 16 DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders, as assessed by the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM-IV version (AUDADIS-IV), was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsWe document an empirically derived thought disorder factor that is a subdomain of the internalizing dimension, characterized by schizoid, paranoid, schizotypal and avoidant personality disorders as well as manic episodes. Manic episodes exhibit notable associations with both the distress subdomain of the internalizing dimension as well as the thought disorder subdomain. The structure was replicated for bipolar disorder (I or II) in place of manic episodes.ConclusionsAs our understanding of psychopathological meta-structure expands, incorporation of disorders characterized by detachment and psychoticism grows increasingly important. Disorders characterized by detachment and psychoticism may be well conceptualized, organized and measured as a subdimension of the internalizing spectrum of disorders. Manic episodes and bipolar disorder exhibit substantial co-morbidity across both distress and thought disorder domains of the internalizing dimension. Clinically, these results underscore the potential utility of conceptualizing patient treatment needs using an approach targeting psychopathological systems underlying meta-structural classification rubrics.
The neural basis of flashback formation: the impact of viewing trauma
Authors: Bourne C. , Mackay C. E. , Holmes E. A. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPsychological traumatic events, such as war or road traffic accidents, are widespread. A small but significant proportion of survivors develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Distressing, sensory-based involuntary memories of trauma (henceforth ‘flashbacks’) are the hallmark symptom of PTSD. Understanding the development of flashbacks may aid their prevention. This work is the first to combine the trauma film paradigm (as an experimental analogue for flashback development) with neuroimaging to investigate the neural basis of flashback aetiology. We investigated the hypothesis that involuntary recall of trauma (flashback) is determined during the original event encoding.MethodA total of 22 healthy volunteers viewed a traumatic film whilst undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). They kept a 1-week diary to record flashbacks to specific film scenes. Using a novel prospective fMRI design, we compared brain activation for those film scenes that subsequently induced flashbacks with both non-traumatic control scenes and scenes with traumatic content that did not elicit flashbacks (‘potentials’).ResultsEncoding of scenes that later caused flashbacks was associated with widespread increases in activation, including in the amygdala, striatum, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, thalamus and ventral occipital cortex. The left inferior frontal gyrus and bilateral middle temporal gyrus also exhibited increased activation but only relative to ‘potentials’. Thus, these latter regions appeared to distinguish between traumatic content that subsequently flashed back and comparable content that did not.ConclusionsResults provide the first prospective evidence that the brain behaves differently whilst experiencing emotional events that will subsequently become involuntary memories – flashbacks. Understanding the neural basis of analogue flashback memory formation may aid the development of treatment interventions for this PTSD feature.
Epidemiology of infectious encephalitis, differences between a prospective study and hospital discharge data
Authors: BERNARD S. , MAILLES A. , STAHL J. P. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThe French epidemiology of infectious encephalitis has been described in a 2007 prospective study. We compared these results with available data (demographic features, causative agents, case-fatality ratio) obtained through the French national hospital discharge 2007 database (PMSI), in order to evaluate it as a surveillance tool for encephalitis. Causative agents were identified in 52% of cases in the study, and 38% in PMSI (P < 0·001). The incidence of encephalitis in France in 2007 was estimated as 2·6 cases/100 000 inhabitants. HSV and VZV were the most frequent aetiological agents in both databases with similar rates.Listeria monocytogenesandMycobacterium tuberculosiswere less frequent in PMSI than in the study (Listeria: 2%vs.5%,P = 0·001;Mycobacterium: 2%vs.8%,P < 0·001). The case-fatality ratios were similar, except forListeria(46% in the studyvs.16%). Nevertheless, despite the absence of case definitions and a possible misclassification weakening PMSI data, we suggest that PMSI may be used as a basic surveillance tool at a limited cost.
Seismic evidence for the stratified lithosphere in the south of the North China Craton
Authors: Wang Pan , Xu Mingjie , Wang Liangshu , Mi Ning , Yu Dayong , Li Hua , Li Cheng , Bao Xuewei , Huang Tao , Huang Hui 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe North China Craton (NCC) formed in the Paleoproterozoic and suffered cratonic destruction in the Mesozoic. It consists of the Western NCC (WNCC), the Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO) and the Eastern NCC (ENCC). We investigated the upper mantle structures in the southern NCC by using receiver functions analysis. Polarization analysis was applied to increase the quality of receiver functions. The seismic images show significant stratified structures in the upper mantle in the south of the NCC. In the south of the WNCC, the lithosphere is ~280 km thick and contains a low‐velocity zone at ~110–220 km depth. This low‐velocity zone is interpreted as an intracratonic partial melting zone. In the south of the TNCO and ENCC, there is a low‐velocity zone at ~60–200 km depth, which results from the partial melting during the Mesozoic cratonic destruction. Its upper boundary is interpreted as new Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary at ~60–100 km depth. Below this low‐velocity zone, there are the remains of Archean lithosphere (RAL). Blocks of RAL stagnate in the asthenosphere and reach depths over 300 km. A high‐velocity slab extends from the uppermost mantle of the WNCC into the RAL with a dip‐angle of ~20°. This slab is interpreted as the Paleoproterozoic slab, which indicates an eastward subduction between the WNCC and the ENCC. The WNCC is stable. The lithosphere in the south of the TNCO and ENCC suffered the Mesozoic cratonic destruction, while the destruction is relatively weaker than that in the north of the ENCC.
Observed increases in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from 2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column
Authors: Woodgate Rebecca A. , Weingartner Thomas J. , Lindsay Ron 
Published: November 2012

Mooring data indicate the Bering Strait throughflow increases ∼50% from 2001 (∼0.7 Sv) to 2011 (∼1.1 Sv), driving heat and freshwater flux increases. Increase in the Pacific‐Arctic pressure‐head explains two‐thirds of the change, the rest being attributable to weaker local winds. The 2011 heat flux (∼5 × 1020J) approaches the previous record high (2007) due to transport increases and warmer lower layer (LL) temperatures, despite surface temperature (SST) cooling. In the last decade, warmer LL waters arrive earlier (1.6 ± 1.1 days/yr), though winds and SST are typical for recent decades. Maximum summer salinities, likely set in the Bering Sea, remain remarkably constant (∼33.1 psu) over the decade, elucidating the stable salinity of the western Arctic cold halocline. Despite this, freshwater flux variability (strongly driven by transport) exceeds variability in other Arctic freshwater sources. Remote data (winds, SST) prove insufficient for quantifying variability, indicating interannual change can still only be assessed by in situ year‐round measurements.
The great Arctic cyclone of August 2012
Authors: Simmonds Ian , Rudeva Irina 
Published: November 2012

On 2 August 2012 a dramatic storm formed over Siberia, moved into the Arctic, and died in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago on 14 August. During its lifetime its central pressure dropped to 966 hPa, leading it to be dubbed ‘The Great Arctic Cyclone of August 2012’. This cyclone occurred during a period when the sea ice extent was on the way to reaching a new satellite‐era low, and its intense behavior was related to baroclinicity and a tropopause polar vortex. The pressure of the storm was the lowest of all Arctic August storms over our record starting in 1979, and the system was also the most extreme when a combination of key cyclone properties was considered. Even though, climatologically, summer is a ‘quiet’ time in the Arctic, when compared withall Arctic storms across the period it came in as the 13th most extreme storm, warranting the attribution of ‘Great’.
Geomagnetic conjugate observations of plasma‐sheet electrons by the FAST and THEMIS satellites
Authors: Lee S. , Shiokawa K. , McFadden J. P. , Seki K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate pitch‐angle distributions and spectral shapes of auroral electrons simultaneously observed during three conjunction events by the FAST satellite at altitudes of 2500–3500 km and by the THEMIS satellite in the plasma sheet at 7–13 RE. All three events were on the lower latitude of the auroral oval. Conjunction event 1 occurred at ~1914:45 UT on 10 April 2008. Electron spectra at energies of 0.1–3 keV are correlated well between the two satellites, while the precipitating electrons above 3 keV are missing at FAST. Event 2 occurred at 1255:26 UT on 26 April 2008. Electron spectra above 3 keV are correlated well between the two satellites. An additional broad spectral peak at energies of 0.1–0.5 keV was observed by FAST. Event 3 occurred at 0058:04 UT on 25 December 2008. Precipitating electrons of 0.5–5 keV obtained by FAST are correlated well with those of THEMIS‐C, while a monoenergetic peak at 0.1–0.2 keV was observed only by FAST. For the three conjunction events, we conclude that high‐energy precipitating auroral electrons observed by FAST directly come from the equatorial plasma sheet, while low‐energy precipitating electrons may come from middle altitudes as a result of acceleration by static potential differences. For missing high‐energy (>3 keV) electrons of event 1, we speculate that the pitch‐angle scattering by waves occurs only at a limited energy range.
Fine‐particle emissions from solid biofuel combustion studied with single‐particle mass spectrometry: Identification of markers for organics, soot, and ash components
Authors: Pagels Joakim , Dutcher Dabrina D. , Stolzenburg Mark R. , McMurry Peter H. , Gälli Markus E. , Gross Deborah S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effects of combustion phase and fuel on smoke particle emissions from a wood stove operated with three different wood fuels and from a corn stove were investigated. A single‐particle mass spectrometer (aerosol time of flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS)) was used for time‐ and size‐resolved chemical signatures and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used for online mobility size distributions. Markers of particle phase organics and elemental carbon, PM1.5, and CO emissions were strongly reduced for the corn stove compared to the wood stove. This is because the more controlled fuel and air supply in the corn stove result in more complete combustion. NOx emissions and particle phase phosphates showed the opposite trend. Marker ions and particle types associated with soot and alkali salts such as potassium chloride and potassium sulfates dominated during flaming combustion and were correlated with increased exhaust temperatures and reduced CO emissions. Marker ions of hydrocarbons and oxidized organics as well as a particle cluster type with a strong organic signature were associated with reduced combustion temperature and increased CO levels, observed during start up from cold stove, addition of fuel, and combustion with reduced air supply. Two different particle types were identified in corn experiments when particles were classified according to mobility before they were measured with the ATOFMS. “Less massive” particles contained mostly ash and soot and had vacuum aerodynamic diameters that were nearly independent of mobility diameter. “More massive” particles had aerodynamic diameters that increased linearly with mobility diameter, indicating approximately spherical shapes, and were hypothesized to consist of organics.