bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the prepolymer and gel of biocompatible poly(xylitol sebacate) in comparison with poly(glycerol sebacate) using a combination of mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Moorhoff Cornelis , Li Yuan , Cook Wayne D , Braybrook Carl , Chen Qi‐Zhi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAtmospheric pressure chemical ionization (negative ion) and electrospray ionization (positive and negative ion) mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) were used to characterize the prepolymer (i.e. uncrosslinked) poly(xylitol sebacate) (PXS), prepared by condensation of xylitol [X] and sebacic acid [S], and this was compared with poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS), prepared by condensation of glycerol [G] and [S]. The PXS prepolymer, prepared at 118 °C/24 h, gave predominantly 1‐acyl‐[XS] and 1,5‐diacyl‐[SXS] species and smaller amounts of 2‐acyl substitutions. At 130 °C/24 h an increase of the amount of the 1‐acyl and 1,5‐diacyl substitutions in the [(SX)n], [S(XS)n] and [(XS)nX] series was identified, as was found for the analogous PGS prepolymer ([(SG)n], [S(GS)n] and [(GS)nG] series). Novel tetrahydrofuranyl species were found in the PXS prepolymer. Further polymerization of the PXS prepolymer gave a gel which when analysed using 13C NMR was shown to mainly contain 1‐acyl and 1,5‐diacyl substitutions. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Modelling influence of Botnet features on effectiveness of DDoS attacks
Authors: Ramanauskaitė Simona , Goranin Nikolaj , Čenys Antanas , Juknius Jonas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe number of coordinated and targeted Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in the world used both as information warfare and as economic racket is increasing. It demonstrates the importance of DDoS attack modelling in order to increase understanding of DDoS nature success factors and to refine the protection mechanisms. Existing models concentrate on DDoS attack and victim properties and do not pay attention to Botnet properties, while Botnets become the major DDoS organization and management technology. We propose the DDoS attack model, which allows estimation of influence of Botnet size and agent allocation strategies on attack success probability. Modelling results of different Botnet agent allocation strategies have shown the dependence of DDoS success on attack power dynamics. The proposed DDoS attack model can be used for analysing probability of victim resistance to DDoS attack by modelling situations with different victim, attack and Botnet properties and by applying these results for optimal countermeasure planning. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentially private client‐side data deduplication protocol for cloud storage services
Authors: Shin Youngjoo , Kim Kwangjo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCloud storage service providers apply data client‐side deduplication across multiple users to achieve cost savings of network bandwidth and disk storage. However, deduplication can be used as a side channel by attackers who try to obtain sensitive information of other users' data. We propose a differentially private client‐side deduplication protocol. A storage gateway allows efficient data deduplication while reducing the risk of information leakage. Its security can be strongly guaranteed according to the definition of differential privacy. We evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed protocol through experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fenofibrate reduces amyloidogenic processing of APP in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via PPAR‐α/PI3‐K pathway
Authors: Zhang Hua , Gao Ying , Qiao Pei‐feng , Zhao Feng‐li , Yan Yong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α), a member of the family of ligand‐activated nuclear hormone receptors, plays a relevant role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To better understand the role of PPAR‐α in AD, we examined the ability of fenofibrate (a PPAR‐α agonist) to regulate amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. After intragastric administration of fenofibrate into 3‐month‐old APP/PS1 transgenic mice for 6 months, and the levels of relative proteins were quantified by quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR, Western blotting and ELISA. We found that fenofibrate increased the expression of PPAR‐α, and decreased beta‐site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE‐1) mRNA and protein levels, and also reduced soluble APPβ (sAPPβ) and amyloid‐β 42 (Aβ42) releases. However. fenofibrate did not modify the levels of APP and presenilin 1 (PS1). Furthermore, LY294002, the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3‐K) inhibitor, suppressed the effects of fenofibrate on BACE‐1, sAPPβ, and Aβ42, but not PPAR‐α. Our data suggest that fenofibrate may reduce the amyloidogenic processing of APP in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via PPAR‐α/PI3‐K pathway.
Failure of communication and capture: The perils of temporary unipolar pacing system
Authors: Sahinoglu Efe , Wool Thomas J. , Wool Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe present a case of a patient with pacemaker dependence secondary to complete heart block who developed loss of capture of her temporary pacemaker. Patient developed torsades de pointes then ventricular fibrillation, requiring CPR and external cardioversion. After patient was stabilized, it was noticed that loss of capture of pacemaker corresponded with nursing care, when the pulse generator was lifted off patient's chest wall, and that patient's temporary pacing system had been programmed to unipolar mode without knowledge of attending cardiologist. This case highlights the importance of communication ensuring all caregivers are aware of mode of the temporary pacing system.
Nonlinear structure of electromagnetic field, electron temperature and electron density in interaction of relativistic laser and plasma with density ripple
Authors: Xia Xiongping 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the paper, nonlinear structure of electromagnetic field, electron temperature, and electron density in interaction with relativistic laser and collisional underdense rippled plasma are investigated. The results are shown that due to the combination influence of relativistic effect, ohmic heating and plasma density ripple, electromagnetic field profile presents obvious asynchronism, which the peak of electric field run ahead of the peak of magnetic field. Furthermore, the electromagnetic field profiles show obvious non-sinusoidal, and the profile of electron temperature and density become highly peaked. Especially, compared with the previous work, due to the added influence of plasma density ripple, electromagnetic field, electron temperature and electron density present obvious oscillation along plasma length rather than stabilization amplitude, and their peak are out of sync.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of wetted soils across a polar desert landscape
Authors: Langford Zachary L. , Gooseff Michael N. , Lampkin Derrick J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLiquid water is scarce across the landscape of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica, a 3800 km2ice-free region, and is chiefly associated with soils that are adjacent to streams and lakes (i.e. wetted margins) during the annual thaw season. However, isolated wetted soils have been observed at locations distal from water bodies. The source of water for the isolated patches of wet soil is potentially generated by a combination of infiltration from melting snowpacks, melting of pore ice at the ice table, and melting of buried segregation ice formed during winter freezing. High resolution remote sensing data gathered several times per summer in the MDV region were used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of wet soils. The spatial consistency with which the wet soils occurred was assessed for the 2009–10 to 2011–12 summers. The remote sensing analyses reveal that cumulative area and number of wet soil patches varies among summers. The 2010–11 summer provided the most wetted soil area (10.21 km2) and 2009–10 covered the least (5.38 km2). These data suggest that wet soils are a significant component of the MDV cold desert land system and may become more prevalent as regional climate changes.
Dosimetric properties of fluoroscopic EPID for transit dosimetry
Authors: Anvari Akbar , Aghamiri Seyed Mahmoud Reza , Mahdavi Seyed Rabi , Alaei Parham , Mohammadi Mohammad 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate dose response of fluoroscopic EPID for transit dosimetry applications. Properties studied included warm up time, build-up thickness evaluation, dose history, linearity, stability, and short and long-term reproducibility of EPID response, as well as field size dependence.Pixel value matrices of electronic portal images in DICOM format were analysed in central and 8 off axis points using customised written codes in Matlab. In order to do this, nine 26×26 pixel matrices were selected as regions of interest, the regions represented by these arrays were 1×1 and 0·65×0·65 cm2 at the EPID and isocentre level, respectively.Necessary warm up time for stable operation of EPID is 30 minutes, and there is no need for extra build-up layer to increase the dose response. Linearity tests indicate charged coupled device camera of EPID saturates at 50 cGy level, and does not have linear relationship with dose. Reproducibility and stability of the measurements were excellent and the detector showed same signal with a maximum deviation of <0·3% both in short and long terms. Results of dosimetric evaluation have shown the TheraView fluoroscopic EPID can be used for transit dosimetry purposes.
Co-expression of POU4F2/Brn-3b with p53 may be important for controlling expression of pro-apoptotic genes in cardiomyocytes following ischaemic/hypoxic insults
Authors: Budhram-Mahadeo V , Fujita R , Bitsi S , Sicard P , Heads R 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCardiomyocyte death following ischaemic/hypoxic injury causes irreversible damage to cardiac function and contributes to chronic diseases such as heart failure. Understanding the mechanisms associated with myocyte loss under these conditions can help to identify strategies to minimise/abrogate such detrimental effects. The p53 protein can induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest, but effects on cell fate depend on interactions with other regulators such as POU4F2/Brn-3b (Brn-3b), which co-operates with p53 to increase the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. In contrast, the related POU4F1/Brn-3a (Brn-3a) blocks p53-mediated apoptosis but co-operates with p53 to enhance cell cycle arrest. In this study, we showed that permanent coronary artery ligation in mouse hearts, which induced apoptotic markers, activated caspase-3 and -8 and necroptosis markers; RIP-1 and -3 also increased Brn-3b and Brn-3a expression. However, Brn-3a was only detected in uninjured myocardium but not at the site of injury, whereas Brn-3b showed generalised increase, including within the infarct zone. Conversely, p53 was detected in the infarct zone and in some cells adjacent to the site of injury but not in uninjured myocardium. Co-localisation studies showed Brn-3a co-expression with p53 in cardiomyocytes adjacent to the infarct zone, whereas Brn-3b was co-localised with p53 in the infarct zone only. Increased Brn-3b and p53 correlated with elevated expression of pro-apoptotic target genes, Bax, Noxa and PUMA, whereas cleaved caspase-3 confirmed the presence of apoptotic cells within this region of the injured heart. Similarly, simulated ischaemia/reoxygenation (sI/R) injury in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVM) and heart derived H9c2 myoblasts increased Brn-3b, p53 as well as apoptotic genes, and this was associated with enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, targeted reduction of Brn-3b using shRNA caused reduction in pro-apoptotic Bax and Noxa proteins, even though p53 expression remained intact, suggesting that Brn-3b is important for controlling the fate of the myocardium in the injured heart.
An eIF4E-interacting peptide induces cell death in cancer cell lines
Authors: Masse M , Glippa V , Saad H , Le Bloas R , Gauffeny I , Berthou C , Czjzek M , Cormier P , Cosson B 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E is essential for cap-dependent initiation of translation in eukaryotes. Abnormal regulation of eIF4E has been implicated in oncogenic transformation. We developed an eIF4E-binding peptide derived from Angel1, a partner of eIF4E that we recently identified. We show here that this peptide fused to a penetratin motif causes drastic and rapid cell death in several epithelial cancer cell lines. This necrotic cell death was characterized by a drop in ATP levels with F-actin network injury being a key step in extensive plasma membrane blebbing and membrane permeabilization. This synthetic eIF4E-binding peptide provides a candidate pharmacophore for a promising new cancer therapy strategy.
Improved photovoltaic characteristics of amorphous Si thin‐film solar cells containing nanostructure silver conductors fabricated using a non‐vacuum process
Authors: Kung Chung‐Yuan , Liu Jun‐Chin , Chen Yu‐Hung , Lin Chen‐Cheng , Lu Hsin‐Wei , Liu Yung‐Tsung , Lin Chao‐Cheng 
Published: October 2014

A low‐cost, highly reflective, liquid organic nanostructure silver conductor with superior conductivity, using back contact reflectors in amorphous silicon (a‐Si) single‐junction superstrate configuration thin‐ﬁlm solar cells produced using a non‐vacuum screen printing process is proposed. The conductive paste is composed of Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) mixed with an Ag nanostructure (Ag NS) sheet. The paste is referred to as ‘Ag NWS’. A comparison of silver conductor samples with vacuum‐system‐sputtered silver samples indicated that the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of Ag NWS conductor cells exceeded 0.22 mA/cm2 and 66 mV, respectively. The Ag NWS conductor with back contact reflectors in solar cells was analysed using external quantum efficiency measurements to effectively enhance light‐trapping ability in a long wavelength region (580–700 nm). The cells constructed using the optimised Ag NWS demonstrated an increase of approximately 6.1% in power conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 illumination. These results indicated that the Ag NWS conductor back contact reflector layer is a suitable candidate for high‐performance a‐Si thin‐film solar cells.
Violent Offenders’ Within-Treatment Change in Anger, Criminal Attitudes, and Violence Risk: Associations with Violent Recidivism
Authors: Klepfisz Gabrielle , O’Brien Kate , Daffern Michael 
Published: October 2014

This study aimed to examine the recidivist outcomes for a group of incarcerated violent offenders, based on whether they achieved pre-post raw psychometric change, reliable change, and/or clinically significant change (CSC) following treatment completion. Participants included 42 adult male violent offenders (age range 21 to 67 years) who participated in a medium- or high-intensity, group-based violent offender treatment program offered within prisons, operated by Corrections Victoria. These men were followed in the community for an average of 3.9 years post-release, and were assessed on four risk-related variables pre- and post-treatment: General Criminal Thinking (GCT), Trait Anger (T-Ang), Anger Expression/Out (AX/O), and Overall Violence Risk (OVR). Mean levels of GCT and OVR significantly reduced following treatment; no significant changes in T-Ang and AX/O were observed. Although a small proportion of offenders achieved reliable and/or CSC, within-treatment changes were not predictive of violent recidivism. This article describes, critiques, and tests methods of intra-individual within-treatment change and provides a blueprint for future analyses linking intra-individual change and violent reoffending.
Introduction
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The introduction briefly introduces the new choral culture that the book sets out to investigate. It outlines the background to the study with reference to the author’s personal and professional experience. It explains the research methodology, situating the book as an ethnography based on long-term, multi-locale fieldwork. It further contextualises the work in relation to current concerns in ethnomusicology, cultural studies, and community music. It concludes with chapter synopses.
Performing the Other
Authors: Bithell Caroline 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Chapter 6 continues the focus on songs from elsewhere through case studies of bodies of repertoire that have proven especially popular in natural voice and community choir circles in the UK: gospel songs, songs from different parts of Africa (in particular, South Africa and the equatorial forest region of central Africa), songs from the Balkans, and Georgian songs. The adoption of these repertoires is contextualised with reference to the individuals who have served as their conduits. Comparisons are also made with the cases of gospel singing in Australia and Balkan music and dance in the United States. The chapter advances the argument that these more-detailed stories of how music travels and how music accomplishes its work invite us to reconsider questions of authenticity, appropriation and ownership while also attending to the dialogic and transformative potential of intercultural performance.
Matrix elements
Authors: Child M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Two types of matrix element approximation are adopted according to whether the wavefunctions are taken in angle–action or normalized JWKB forms. The former gives the Heisenberg correspondence between matrix elements and classical Fourier components. The latter approximation is appropriate to situations for which the dominant contribution to the integral comes from stationary phase or ‘Condon’ points, at which both coordinates and momenta are conserved between the two states. The presence of a single such point leads to a ‘Condon reflection’ pattern such that the energy variation of the matrix element mimics the nodal pattern of the parent wavefunction. Complications arising from multiple Condon points are discussed.
Meandering Toward Marriage
Authors: Arnett Jeffrey Jensen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This chapter first looks at the qualities emerging adults hope to find in a marriage partner. Nearly all are searching for a “soul mate,” meaning someone who is a perfect fit for them in terms of compatibility and interests. Then there is an examination of how emerging adults decide when they would like to marry, and a description of the widespread sense, especially among women, of having an “age 30 deadline” for marriage. Next, issues of commitment are discussed, including gender differences, and different motives for cohabitation are examined. The chapter includes an intensive look at the recent rise in single motherhood during the twenties, including its sources and its consequences. Finally, the chapter looks at how the fear of divorce shapes marriage expectations.
Landscape and evolutionary dynamics of terminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) in 48 whole plant genomes
Authors: Gao Dongying , Li Yupeng , Abernathy Brian , Jackson Scott A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTerminal-repeat retrotransposons in miniature (TRIMs) are structurally similar to long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons except that they are extremely small and difficult to identify. Thus far, only a few TRIMs have been characterized in the euphyllophytes and the evolutionary and biological impacts and transposition mechanism of TRIMs are poorly understood. In this study, we combinedde novoand homology-based methods to annotate TRIMs in 48 plant genome sequences, spanning land plants to algae. We found 156 TRIM families, 146 previously undescribed. Notably, we identified the first TRIMs in a lycophyte and non-vascular plants. The majority of the TRIM families were highly conserved and shared within and between plant families. Even though TRIMs contribute only a small fraction of any plant genome, they are enriched in or near genes and may play important roles in gene evolution. TRIMs were frequently organized into tandem arrays we called TA-TRIMs, another unique feature distinguishing them from LTR retrotransposons. Importantly, we identified putative autonomous retrotransposons that may mobilize specific TRIM elements and detected very recent transpositions of a TRIM inO. sativa.Overall, this comprehensive analysis of TRIMs across the entire plant kingdom provides insight into the evolution and conservation of TRIMs and the functional roles they may play in gene evolution.
Exploring the phenotypic space and the evolutionary history of a natural mutation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Ullastres Anna , Petit Natalia , González Josefa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA major challenge of modern Biology is elucidating the functional consequences of natural mutations. While we have a good understanding of the effects of lab-induced mutations on the molecular- and organismal-level phenotypes, the study of natural mutations has lagged behind. In this work, we explore the phenotypic space and the evolutionary history of a previously identified adaptive transposable element insertion. We first combined several tests that capture different signatures of selection to show that there is evidence of positive selection in the regions flankingFBti0019386insertion. We then explored several phenotypes related to known phenotypic effects of nearby genes, and having plausible connections to fitness variation in nature. We found that flies withFBti0019386insertion had a shorter developmental time and were more sensitive to stress, which are likely to be the adaptive effect and the cost of selection of this mutation, respectively. Interestingly, these phenotypic effects are not consistent with a role ofFBti0019386in temperate adaptation as has been previously suggested. Indeed, a global analysis of the population frequency ofFBti0019386showed that clinal frequency patterns are found in North America and Australia but not in Europe. Finally, we showed thatFBti0019386is associated with down-regulation ofsramost likely because it induces the formation of heterochromatin by recruiting HP1a protein. Overall, our integrative approach allowed us to shed light on the evolutionary history, the relevant fitness effects and the likely molecular mechanisms of an adaptive mutation and highlights the complexity of natural genetic variants.