bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of thermal comfort in traditional architecture, focused on digital simulations
Authors: Bustán-Gaona Darío , Jiménez-Sánchez Yomara , Paredes Luis J. , Caiza Jaime 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traditional Ecuadorian architecture refers to structures whose technical and visual characteristics date from pre-Columbian times to the mid-20th century. However, such architectural interventions can still be found in the Andean region, mainly in remote villages away from urban centers. Among the architectural features, ancestral knowledge passed down through generations and a construction system based on mud, wattle and daub, adobe, and other materials. The analysis aims to develop thermoenergetic simulations to identify the thermal comfort of buildings in Pilahuin Parish Center (Ambato, Ecuador). The methodology is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, and using non-probabilistic random sampling, the following main variables were analyzed: geographic orientation, type of layout, building height, materiality, and number of floors. After surveying and architectural drawing of the buildings, 3D models were developed using Autodesk REVIT software. Consequently, digital three-dimensional architectural models were imported into Design Builder software. This process generated a diagnosis of the current state of the buildings in terms of habitability, based on interior thermal comfort. The results showed an average indoor air temperature of 18.77°C and an average relative humidity of 50.76%. With this data, strategies were developed to improve habitability based on Olgyay’s theory of architecture and climate. The resulting data, also obtained in Design Builder, allowed for a proposal to achieve the average indoor air temperature and relative humidity within the optimal ranges of Olgyay’s theory and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. Therefore, by making certain material changes while respecting their heritage value, thermal discomfort levels were improved by 27.67% compared to the analyzed interior temperature, thereby enhancing the quality of life for the inhabitants.
Microbial artists: the role of parasite microbiomes in explaining colour polymorphism among amphipods and potential link to host manipulation
Authors: Koellsch Célia , Poulin Robert , Salloum Priscila M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Parasite infections are increasingly reported to change the microbiome of the parasitized hosts, while parasites bring their own microbes to what can be a multi-dimensional interaction. For instance, a recent hypothesis suggests that the microbial communities harboured by parasites may play a role in the well-documented ability of many parasites to manipulate host phenotype, and explain why the degree to which host phenotype is altered varies among conspecific parasites. Here, we explored whether the microbiomes of both hosts and parasites are associated with variation in host manipulation by parasites. Using colour quantification methods applied to digital images, we investigated colour variation among uninfected Transorchestia serrulata amphipods, as well as amphipods infected with Plagiorhynchus allisonae acanthocephalans and with a dilepidid cestode. We then characterized the bacteriota of amphipod hosts and of their parasites, looking for correlations between host phenotype and the bacterial taxa associated with hosts and parasites. We found large variation in amphipod colours, and weak support for a direct impact of parasites on the colour of their hosts. Conversely, and most interestingly, the parasite’s bacteriota was more strongly correlated with colour variation among their amphipod hosts, with potential impact of amphipod-associated bacteria as well. Some bacterial taxa found associated with amphipods and parasites may have the ability to synthesize pigments, and we propose they may interact with colour determination in the amphipods. This study provides correlational support for an association between the parasite’s microbiome and the evolution of host manipulation by parasites and host–parasite interactions more generally.
15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 promotes neutrophil exit from exudates for clearance by splenic macrophages
Authors: Peh Hong Yong , Nshimiyimana Robert , Brüggemann Thayse R. , Duvall Melody G. , Nijmeh Julie , Serhan Charles N. , Levy Bruce D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) promote local macrophage efferocytosis but excess leukocytes early in inflammation require additional leukocyte clearance mechanism for resolution. Here, neutrophil clearance mechanisms from localized acute inflammation were investigated in mouse dorsal air pouches. 15‐HEPE (15‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid) levels were increased in the exudates. Activated human neutrophils converted 15‐HEPE to lipoxin A5 (5S,6R,15S‐trihydroxy‐7E,9E,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid), 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 (5S,6R,15R‐trihydroxy‐7E,9E,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid), and resolvin E4 (RvE4; 5S,15S‐dihydroxy‐6E,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid). Exogenous 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5, 15‐epi‐lipoxin A4 and a structural lipoxin mimetic significantly decreased exudate neutrophils and increased local tissue macrophage efferocytosis, with comparison to naproxen. 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 also cleared exudate neutrophils faster than the apparent local capacity for stimulated macrophage efferocytosis, so the fate of exudate neutrophils was tracked with CD45.1 variant neutrophils. 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 augmented the exit of adoptively transferred neutrophils from the pouch exudate to the spleen, and significantly increased splenic SIRPa+ and MARCO+ macrophage efferocytosis. Together, these findings demonstrate new systemic resolution mechanisms for 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 and RvE4 in localized tissue inflammation, which distally engage the spleen to activate macrophage efferocytosis for the clearance of tissue exudate neutrophils.
Duration of Induction of Labor for Second-Trimester Medication Abortion and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Premkumar Ashish , Manthena Vanya , Wascher Jocelyn , Wanyonyi Eryn K. , Johnson Camille , Vuppaladhadiam Lahari , Chor Julie , Plunkett Beth A. , Ryan Isa , Mbah Olivert , Lee Jungeun , Barker Emily , Laursen Laura , McCloskey Leanne R. , York Sloane L. 
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the relationship between duration of labor during second-trimester medication abortion and adverse outcomes.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all individuals with a singleton gestation undergoing second-trimester medication abortion without evidence of advanced cervical dilation, rupture of membranes, or preterm labor at four centers. The primary exposure was duration of labor (ie, hours spent from receiving misoprostol to fetal expulsion). The primary outcome was composite morbidity, defined as uterine rupture, need for blood transfusion, clinical chorioamnionitis, intensive care unit admission, or need for readmission. We performed bivariate and multivariate negative binomial analyses. A post hoc subgroup analysis was performed to assess for the risk of the primary outcome by gestational age. We performed tests of homogeneity based on history of uterine scarring and parity.

RESULTS:
Six hundred eighty-one individuals were included. The median duration of labor was 11 hours (interquartile range 8–17 hours). One hundred thirty-one (19.2%) experienced the primary outcome. When duration of labor was evaluated continuously, a longer duration of labor was associated with an increased frequency of morbidity (adjusted β=0.68, 95% CI, 0.32–1.04). When duration of labor was evaluated categorically, those experiencing the highest quartile of duration (ie, 17 hours or more) had a statistically higher risk for experiencing morbidity compared with individuals in all other quartiles (adjusted relative risk 1.99, 95% CI, 1.34–2.96). When we focused on components of the composite outcome, clinical chorioamnionitis was significantly different between those experiencing a longer duration and those experiencing a shorter duration of labor (26.2% vs 10.6%, P<.001). On subgroup analysis, gestational age was not associated with the risk of composite morbidity. Tests of homogeneity demonstrated no significant difference in the risk for morbidity among individuals with a history of uterine scarring or based on parity.

CONCLUSION:
Duration of labor was independently associated with risks for adverse maternal outcomes during second-trimester medication abortion, specifically clinical chorioamnionitis.
Factors Influencing Time to Definitive Care in Hip Fracture Patients in a Rural Health System
Authors: Hollister Lisa , Girardot Kellie , Konger Jennifer , Zhu Thein Hlaing 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Current literature has not adequately addressed factors affecting wait times for hip fracture surgery in the rural setting.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to assess the factors affecting admission, transit, and preoperative wait times that impact the timeliness of hip fracture surgery within a rural health system.

METHODS:
A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community comprising five community hospitals and two receiving hospitals. A trauma registry study included all hip fracture cases from 2019. Mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were calculated for admission wait times, transit times to the receiving hospitals, and preoperative wait times in hours. Metrics based on means or medians were developed for these wait times.

RESULTS:
A total of 163 patients met the inclusion criteria. The emergency department wait times before and after admission to the community hospitals were 1 hour and 2.5 hours, respectively. The transit times from the community hospitals, ranging from shorter to farther distances, to receiving hospitals were 40 minutes and 1 hour, respectively. The preoperative wait time for admitted and transferred patients was 12 hours.

CONCLUSION:
Our study outlines a methodology for establishing wait time metrics that impact surgical timeliness for hip fracture patients within a rural healthcare system. We recommend conducting comparable studies with larger sample sizes across different healthcare systems.
Future directions for xenotransplantation in lungs
Authors: Hara Hidetaka , Sahara Hisashi , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Advancements in preclinical xenotransplant studies have opened doors for clinical heart and kidney xenotransplantation. This review assesses recent progress in lung xenotransplantation research and its potential clinical implications.

Recent findings
The efficacy of the humanized von Willebrand factor in reducing platelet sequestration in ex-vivo and in-vivo lung xenotransplant models was showcased. Combining human tissue factor pathway inhibitor and CD47 expression with selectin and integrin inhibition delayed neutrophil and platelet sequestration. Enhanced expression of human complement regulatory proteins and thrombomodulin in genetically engineered pig lungs improved graft survival by reducing platelet activation and modulating coagulation disruptions. Knocking out the CMAH gene decreased antibody-mediated inflammation and coagulation activation, enhancing compatibility for human transplantation. Furthermore, CMAH gene knockout in pigs attenuated sialoadhesin-dependent binding of human erythrocytes to porcine macrophages, mitigating erythrocyte sequestration and anemia. Meanwhile, in-vivo experiments demonstrated extended survival of xenografts for up to 31 days with multiple genetic modifications and comprehensive treatment strategies.

Summary
Experiments have uncovered vital insights for successful xenotransplantation, driving further research into immunosuppressive therapy and genetically modified pigs. This will ultimately pave the way for clinical trials designed to improve outcomes for patients with end-stage lung disease.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Liu Haoyang , Dai Hongyuan , Qi Mengfang , Su Minggang , Zeng Hao , Huang Rui 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell cancer (FHRCC) is a rare and aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma. The diagnostic value of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for FHRCC remains unexplored. Therefore, we compared the potential value of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in FHRCC.

Patients and Methods
Patients with FHRCC underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT from May 2022 to December 2023. The SUVmax and tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) of both tracers were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results
Eleven patients with 83 lesions were enrolled. The rate of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting lesions was higher than that of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT: primary tumors: 75.0% (6/8) versus 50.0% (4/8); lymph nodes: 94.9% (37/39) versus 89.7% (35/39); and bone lesions: 100.0% (21/21) versus 90.5% (19/21). The median SUVmax of primary and metastatic lesions on 18F-FDG PET/CT was comparable to 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in semiquantitative analysis (primary lesions: 13.86 vs 16.35, P = 1.000; lymph nodes: 10.04 vs 9.33, P = 0.517; bone lesions: 13.49 vs 9.84, P = 0.107; visceral lesions: 8.54 vs 4.20, P = 0.056). However, the median TLRs of primary and metastatic lesions on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT were higher than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT (primary lesions: 30.44 vs 5.41, P = 0.010; lymph nodes: 17.71 vs 3.95, P = 0.000; bone lesions: 15.94 vs 5.21, P = 0.000; visceral lesions: 9.26 vs 3.44, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

18F-FDG PET/CT detected more primary and metastatic FHRCC lesions than 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. However, the higher TLR in FHRCC on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may indicate therapeutic potential in targeting fibroblast activation protein in FHRCC.
Shared foraging grounds in a solitary rodent: indication for cooperation by kin selection and mutualism?
Authors: Makuya Lindelani , Pillay Neville , Schradin Carsten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKinship is important for understanding the evolution of social behaviour in group living species. However, even solitary living individuals differentiate between kin and non-kin neighbours, which could lead to some form of cooperation, defined as both partners benefitting from each other. A simple form of cooperation is mutualism, where both partners benefit simultaneously.Here we tested whether there is mutual tolerance by sharing foraging grounds between kin in a solitary species. This would indicate the possibility of kin selection and mutual cooperation.We used mini-GPS data loggers to investigate range overlap in the solitary bush Karoo rat (Otomys unisulcatus) between kin- and non-kin neighbours. Next, we quantified the extent to which individuals shared foraging grounds containing food plants within their overlapping ranges. Lastly, using step selection functions applied to GPS fixes collected every five minutes, we analysed how individuals moved relative to each other.Kin-neighbours had larger home range overlap than non-kin neighbours (70.4% vs 29.6%) and shared more of their foraging grounds (63% vs 37%).Temporal analysis of spatial data found no indication that neighbours avoided each other, independent of kinship. Instead, activity was synchronised.In sum, we found mutual tolerance between neighbours with regards to sharing foraging grounds, and kin shared nearly double as much of their foraging grounds than non-kin.These data can be interpreted as a simple way of mutual cooperation between kin in a solitary species, where both members benefit from sharing a considerable part of their foraging grounds.
A platform for lab management, note-keeping and automation
Authors: Fleiss Aubin , Mishin Alexander S. , Sarkisyan Karen S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe report a lab management concept and its no-code implementation based on general-purpose database services, such as Airtable. The solution we describe allows for integrated management of samples, lab procedures, experimental notes and data within a single browser-based application, and supports custom automations. We believe that this system can benefit a wide scientific audience by offering communication-less retrieval of information, collaborative editing, unified sample labelling and data keeping style. A template database is available atairtable.com/universe/expPcKlB7VCHE6wVK/lab-management.
Spatial and mechanical environments regulate the heterogeneity of myonuclei
Authors: Nicolas Rosa , Bonnin Marie-Ange , Blavet Cédrine , Esteves de Lima Joana , Legallais Cécile , Duprez Delphine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle formation involves tight interactions between muscle cells and associated connective tissue fibroblasts. Every muscle displays the same type of organisation, they are innervated in the middle and attached at both extremities to tendons. Myonuclei are heterogeneous along myotubes and regionalised according to these middle and tip domains. During development, as soon as myotubes are formed, myonuclei at muscle tips facing developing tendons display their own molecular program. In addition to molecular heterogeneity, a subset of tip myonuclei has a fibroblastic origin different to the classical somitic origin, highlighting a cellular heterogeneity of myonuclei in foetal myotubes. To gain insights on the functional relevance of myonucleus heterogeneity during limb development, we used 2D culture and co-culture systems to dissociate autonomous processes (occurring in 2D-cultures) from 3D-spatial environment of tissue development. We also assessed the role of mechanical parameters in myonucleus heterogeneity in paralysed limb muscles. The regionalisation of cellular heterogeneity was lost in 2D cell culture systems and paralyzed muscles. The molecular signature of MTJ myonuclei was also lost a dish and paralysed muscles indicating a requirement of spatial and mechanical input for MTJ formation. Tip genes that maintain their expression in a dish are involved in myofibrillogenesis and myotube attachments. The behaviour of regionalized markers in cultured myotubes and paralyzed muscles allows us to deduce whether the genes intervene in myogenesis, myotube attachment or MTJ formation.HighlightsThe regionalisation of cellular heterogeneity of myonuclei is lost in cultured myotubesBMP signalling regulates fibroblast nucleus incorporation into cultured myotubesThe molecular signature of MTJ myonuclei is lost in cultured myotubes and paralysed musclesTip genes involved in myofibrillogenesis maintain their regionalised expression in cultured myotubes
Stress from Cadaver Dissection Linked to Learning Conditions: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nnaka Jude Amechi , Ezeike Victor Udochukwu , Thompson Kristjan , Okafor Izuchukwu Azuka 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between students’ perceptions of cadaver dissection (CD) and some learning conditions during CD.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study involving 2968 medical students and graduates exposed to CD at nine countries systematically and proportionally selected from Sub-Saharan African countries based on their ranking on the four World Bank indices of development and education: population, literacy, human capital index (HCI), and human development index (HDI). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect relevant data on learning conditions during CD experience of the participants, using online channels, including email, Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.ResultsAbout half (48.76%) of the participants perceived CD as stressful, while 51.24% thought otherwise. However, 57% of participants from institutions where a CD session lasts three hours described their experience as stressful, whereas 69.67% of participants whose institution spent one hour in a single CD session agreed that CD is not stressful. Similarly, 60.63% of participants from institutions with a student-donor ratio between 5 to 10 students per cadaver described their experience as ‘not stressful’. In comparison, 57.51% of participants from institutions with a student-donor ratio of 10–20 students per donor and 53.80% of participants from institutions with over 20 students per donor described their experience as stressful.ConclusionsStudents from institutions with CD instructors, shorter CD sessions, and a smaller student-donor ratio are more likely to perceive CD as stress-free. Providing more support for students during CD and reducing time for CD may be an antidote to CD-related stress.
An Agent-Based Simulation Using Extensive Real Datasets: the Case of COVID-19 in Catalonia
Authors: Bosman M. , Cordon Y. , Duran M. , Gabbanelli L. , García-Pérez C. , Jordan X. , Manera M. , Masjuan P. , Medina A. , Mir Ll.M. , Oròs A. , Vitagliano V. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, effective public policy interventions have been crucial in combating virus transmission, sparking extensive debate on crisis management strategies and emphasizing the necessity for reliable models to inform governmental decisions, particularly at the local level. Leveraging disaggregated socio-demographic microdata, including social determinants, age-specific strata, and mobility patterns, we design a comprehensive network model of Catalonia’s population and, through numerical simulation, assess its response to the outbreak of COVID-19 over the two-year period 2020-21. Our findings underscore the critical importance of timely implementation of broad non-pharmaceutical measures and effective vaccination campaigns in curbing virus spread; in addition, the identification of high-risk groups and their corresponding maps of connections within the network paves the way for tailored and more impactful interventions.
NMR Reveals the Synergistic Roles of Bivalent Metal Ions in Norovirus Infections
Authors: Maass Thorben , Westermann Leon Torben , Sharotri Linda , Blankenhorn Leon , Lane Miranda Sophie , Chaika Maryna , Taube Stefan , Peters Thomas , Mallagaray Alvaro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNorovirus is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Murine noroviruses (MNV) are often used as model systems for human noroviruses (HuNoV). Therefore, it is important to identify common and divisive properties. Here, we compare the interactions of human and murine norovirus P-domains with bivalent metal ions. Binding of bivalent metal ions and bile acids to MNV P-domains have been shown to stabilize a contracted (“resting”) as opposed to an extended (“raised”) capsid conformation. This conformational change has been linked to infectivity, diarrheagenic potential, and immune escape. Likewise, the interaction of bivalent metal ions with human norovirus capsids results in contraction, suggesting a similar underlying mechanism. We used methyl TROSY NMR experiments to study the thermodynamics and kinetics of metal ion binding to P-domains, revealing a highly synergistic interaction with the bile acid glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA) for MNV. Neutralization assays support this synergistic behavior. It turns out that bivalent metal ion binding to MNV and HuNoV P-domains differs significantly. Therefore, although the transition between “raised” and “resting” capsid conformations and consequential modulation of infectivity appears to be triggered by bivalent metal ions in murine and human noroviruses, the underlying mechanisms must be different.