bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Contamination with Listeria Monocytogenes of Raw Dried Cured Vacuum Packed Sausages
Authors: Daskalov Hristo , Fejzullah Fejzulla , Daskalova Alexandra 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was to collect actual data concerning the frequency of contamination with Listeria monocytogenes of some raw dried cured vacuum packed sausages, which are very popular in Bulgaria produced from Oct. 2004 till May 2008. 148 vacuum-packed samples were taken from 9 different food business operators during all seasons of the year. The samples were analyzed according to the USDA method for meat foods. Ten specimens were positive for presence of Listeria monocytogenes, which is equal to 6,75% of all tested samples. In two other raw dried cured sausages L. welshimeri and L.innocua were found, but these species are not pathogenic for consumers. In the period before the official implementation of the HACCP system (01.01.2006) in Bulgaria, 52 samples were examined and 5 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were found (~10%). 2,5 years after the HACCP implementation, 96 specimens from the same meat factories were tested and 5 Listeria monocytogenes isolates (5,2%) were detected. Samples taken from lots, produced in winter time were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes more often (7 of all 10) than specimens taken during other seasons. Data was discussed through the point of view of the effectiveness of hygienic practices and HACCP system application. Also, application of the ‘microbiological criterion’ set in the COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2073/2005 for ready-to-eat foods unable to support the growth of L. monocytogenes was considered.
Bio-based epoxy resins with low molecular weight kraft lignin and pyrogallol
Authors: Engelmann Gunnar , Ganster Johannes 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A low-molecular lignin fraction (L) was extracted for the preparation of bio-based epoxy resins. Various compositions with the “green” 1,3-glycerol diglycidyl ether (1) and the co-component pyrogallol (2) were tested. In a first series of experiments, thermosets consisting of 1 and L, were studied with respect to variable lignin contents between 20 and 50%. The best thermoset has a tensile strength of 37 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 2.2 GPa at 40% lignin input. Secondly, lignin-free compositions of 1 and 2 were prepared. For a molar fraction of the functional groups (nOH nEpoxy
-1) of 130%, the tensile strength could be enhanced to 93 MPa and the modulus reached 3.7 GPa. Finally, systems with all three components were examined. The best mechanical performance of the corresponding neat thermosets was reached at nOH nEpoxy
-1 of 130%. Tensile strength decreases slightly to 86 MPa and Young’s modulus remains nearly unchanged at 3.2 GPa. Two resin compositions, L+1 and L+1+2, were tested for the preparation of unidirectional composites reinforced with man-made cellulosic fibers (50% by vol.). The bending strength was 208 MPa in combination with a bending modulus of 12.5 GPa.
Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and heme biomineralization inhibitory properties of Entada africana ethanol leaf extract with antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Ezenyi Ifeoma C. , Ranarivelo Lalasoanirina , Oluwakanyinsola Salawu A. , Emeje Martins 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background:
Entada africana (EA) is a medicinal plant used in West Africa for the treatment of malaria fever, but its efficacy against malaria is yet to be scientifically validated. Our study explores the antimalarial potential of the ethanol leaf extract of EA.

Methods: The antiplasmodial activity of EA against chloroquine-sensitive (HB3) and chloroquine-resistant (FcM29) Plasmodium falciparum was determined as well as its peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. The effect of the extract on human monocytic (THP-1) cells was recorded as a measure of cytotoxicity, whereas the inhibitory effect on heme detoxification was evaluated as a possible mechanism of antiplasmodial activity.

Results: At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, EA was noncytotoxic and displayed moderate antiplasmodial activity against HB3 and FcM29 (IC50=26.36 and 28.86 μg/mL, respectively). It also exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of synthetic heme (IC50=16 mg/mL). The extract (200 mg/kg body weight) showed significant (p<0.05) inhibition of paw inflammation, and significantly (p<0.01, 0.05) reduced the number of abdominal writhes induced by acetic acid (58.62%–65.51%), which was higher compared to that of diclofenac (50%, p<0.05).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that peripheral antinociceptive effects and parasiticidal activity of EA contribute to its antimalarial properties and it can be further explored as effective therapy against malaria infection.
Landscape genetics in mammals
Authors: Montgelard Claudine , Zenboudji Saliha , Ferchaud Anne-Laure , Arnal Véronique , van Vuuren Bettine Jansen 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe focus of this review is on landscape genetics (LG), a relatively new discipline that arose approximately 10 years ago. LG spans the interface between population genetics and landscape ecology and thus incorporates the concepts, methods, and tools from both disciplines. On the basis of an understanding of the spatial distribution of genetic diversity, LG aims to explain how landscape and environmental characteristics influence microevolutionary processes and metapopulation dynamics, including gene flow (i.e., connectivity) and selection (i.e., local adaptations). LG is concerned with events that occurred during the recent time scale, and the individual is the operational unit. As a discipline that combines spatial genetic diversity with ecological features, LG is able to address questions relating to different evolutionary processes. We illustrate some of these here using examples taken from mammals: population structure; gene flow and the identification of barriers; fragmentation, connectivity, and corridors; local adaptation and selection; there are two different questions: applications in conservation genetics; and future developments in LG. We will then present the methods and tools commonly used in the different steps of LG analyses: the genetic and landscape sampling, the quantification of genetic variation, the characterization of spatial landscape structures, and finally, the correlation between genetic patterns and landscape features.
Function of silicon oil in the castor oil based rigid polyurethane foams
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foams are one of the most important cellular plastics. Castor oil was modified with glycerol to form the polyol and reacted with methyl diisocyanate and different proportions of silicon oil to achieve rigid polyurethane foam. Prepared foam was tested for its density and mechanical properties. It was found that compressive and flexural strength was improved with silicon oil content. The morphology of the resulted foams was also studied using scanning electron microscope, and it was observed that the cell size was reduced with silicon oil content, indicating a more dense and packed structure. With further increase in the silicon oil content, foam properties showed a slight decrease in value.
Intensive insulin therapy increases sex hormone-binding globulin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Tong Guoyu , Hua Xiaomin , Zhong Yingjie , Zhang Kui , Gu Guangyu , Feng Wenhuan , Huang Hong , Wang Weimin , Li Lirong , Sun Yanjun , Zhang Tianyan , Hu Yun 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveMany studies have shown that low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with insulin resistance, but only few studies have examined how serum SHBG is regulated by insulin in humans. This interventional study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin therapy (IT) on serum SHBG levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsA total of 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects were enrolled and randomly grouped into a 2-week intensive IT with/without metformin. Serum SHBG, total testosterone, glucose, liver enzymes, lipids, insulin, and C-peptide levels were measured before and after IT.ResultsBefore IT, serum SHBG levels were negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference (WC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), triglyceride (TG), fasting insulin, and C-peptide, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and positively with HDL-C (allPfor trend <0.05), after adjustment for age and sex. IT increased serum SHBG levels from 26.5±14.5 to 33.2±15.0 nmol/l (P<0.001), increased by 25.2% (95% CI, 20.3 to 30.9%,P<0.001). In a multiple linear regression model adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and WC, the decreases in ΔALT (standardized regression coefficientβ=−0.374,P=0.012) and ΔTG (β=−0.380,P=0.020) were independent contributors to the increase in ΔSHBG.ConclusionsIT increases serum SHBG likely through improving insulin resistance and liver function.
Exenatide Treatment for 6 Months Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sarkar Gayatri , Alattar May , Brown Rebecca J. , Quon Michael J. , Harlan David M. , Rother Kristina I. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
Exenatide treatment improves glycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes and has been shown to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We studied the effects of exenatide on glucose homeostasis in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Fourteen patients with type 1 diabetes participated in a crossover study of 6 months' duration on exenatide (10 μg four times a day) and 6 months off exenatide. We assessed changes in fasting and postprandial blood glucose and changes in insulin sensitivity before and after each study period.

RESULTS
High-dose exenatide therapy reduced postprandial blood glucose but was associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations without net changes in hemoglobin A1c. Exenatide increased insulin sensitivity beyond the effects expected as a result of weight reduction.

CONCLUSIONS
Exenatide is a promising adjunctive agent to insulin therapy because of its beneficial effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Bilateral Oophorectomy and the Risk of Incident Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Appiah Duke , Winters Stephen J. , Hornung Carlton A. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
Ovarian hormones regulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Despite the high frequency of surgical menopause, its relationship with diabetes has not been extensively investigated. We assessed the association between hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy (BSO) status, menopausal age, and reproductive life span with incident diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data were from a cohort of 2,597 postmenopausal women enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study without diabetes mellitus at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS
After a median follow-up time of 9.2 years, the incidence of diabetes (in cases per 1,000 person-years) was 7.4 for women with no hysterectomy or BSO, 8.2 for hysterectomy alone, and 8.5 for hysterectomy with BSO. Hysterectomy status was associated positively with diabetes (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.23–2.23). However, the elevated risk was restricted to women with both hysterectomy and BSO after adjustment for relevant confounders (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.41). An earlier age at menopause and a shorter reproductive life span also exhibited a linear relationship with the development of diabetes irrespective of type of menopause (P for trend = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Women with hysterectomy concomitant with BSO may represent a unique population with elevated risk for diabetes and other chronic diseases. Therefore, the decision to remove the ovaries at the time of hysterectomy for benign conditions during the premenopausal years should be balanced with the risk of diabetes and its potential complications. Furthermore, the mechanism linking BSO to diabetes mellitus needs to be clarified.
Landfill leachate treatment using the sequencing batch biofilm reactor method integrated with the electro-Fenton process
Authors: Zhang Dao-Bin , Wu Xiao-Gang , Wang Yi-Si , Zhang Hui 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA study was conducted on the treatment of landfill leachate by combining the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) method with the electro-Fenton method. The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the leachate by the SBBR method was investigated. For the electro-Fenton experiment, the changes in COD and total organic carbon (TOC) with the increase in H2O2 dosage and electrolysis time under optimal conditions were also analysed. The results showed that the average efficiencies of reduction of COD, BOD5, and NH4+ -N achieved using the SBBR method were 21.6 %, 54.7 %, and 56.1 %, respectively. The bio-effluent was degraded by the subsequent electro-Fenton process, which was rapid over the first 30 min then subsequently slowed. After 60 min of the electro-Fenton treatment, the efficiencies of reduction of TOC, COD, and BOD5 were 40.5 %, 71.6 %, and 61.0 %, respectively. There is a good correlation between the absorbance of leachate at 254 nm (UV254) and COD or TOC during the electro-Fenton treatment.
Separation of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions by supported liquid membrane using D2EHPA/M2EHPA as mobile carrier
Authors: Mahmoodi Roghaye , Mohammadi Toraj , Moghadam Mansoor 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe separation of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions was studied in an aqueous sulphate medium using supported liquid membrane (SLM). D2EHPA/M2EHPA was used as a mobile carrier, microporous hydrophobic PTFE film was used as a solid support for the liquid membrane, and the strip phase was sulphuric acid. The effects of different parameters such as feed concentration, carrier concentration, feed phase pH, and strip phase pH on the separation factor and flux of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions were studied. The optimum values obtained to achieve the maximum flux were 5.0 for feed pH, 40 vol. % for D2EHPA/M2EHPA concentration in the membrane phase, 0.5 for strip pH, and 0.012 mass % for feed concentration. Under these optimum conditions, the flux values of Cd(II) and Ni(II) were 15.7 × 10−7 kg m−2 s−1 and 2.6 × 10−7 kg m−2 s−1, respectively. The separation factors of Cd(II) over Ni(II) were studied under different experimental conditions. At a carrier concentration of 10 vol. % and feed concentration of 0.012 mass %, the maximum value of 185.1 was obtained for the separation factor of Cd(II) over Ni(II). After 24 h, the percentages of the extracted Cd(II) and Ni(II) were 83.3 % and 0.45 %, respectively.
Microbial Flora of Corneal Ulcer and their Drugs Sensitivity
Authors: Kunwar Meena , Adhikari Rishi Kant , Karki Deep Bahadur 
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Corneal ulcer is a leading cause of ocular morbidity and blindness worldwide. Knowledge of the common organism causing corneal ulcers and the sensitivity of the bacteria will help formulate the fi rst line of treatment which would have relatively high percentage of success even in areas devoid of diagnostic facilities. The main objective of this study was to fi nd out commonest organisms that cause corneal ulcers and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: This was a prospective study of 55 consecutive cases of corneal ulcers. Patients who had congenital abnormality of cornea, uncooperative patient not allowing to do corneal scrapping, patient with suspected or confi rmed viral keratitis, Patient with corneal ulcer with HIV positive and all non-infective corneal ulcers were excluded from the study. Results: Of 55 cases enrolled in this study microorganisms were grown from 31 (56%) cases. Of 31 growth positive cases, 17 (54.8%) showed pure bacterial growth, 13 (41.9%) cases showed pure fungal growth and in only 1 (3.2%) case there was mixed (bacteria and fungus) growth. Among the tested antibiotic, sensitivity of Ciprofl oxacin and Gentamicinewas 100% and that of Ceftriaxone was nearly 94%. Almost 20% bacteria were resistant to Chloramphenicol. Sensitivity of newer quinolone (Ofl oxacine) was also not very high, having more than 20% bacteria resistant to it. Conclusions: The commonest organism responsible for bacterial keratitis was strepto. Pneumonia. Ciprofl oxacin and Gentamicin were the most sensitive antibiotics. Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/14-17DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9086
L'expérience de psychothérapeute d'enfants atteints d'épilepsie dans un SESSAD
Authors: Bennoun Irène 
Published: November 2013

Cet article témoigne de l’expérience clinique de psychothérapies d’enfants atteints d’épilepsie dans un sessad . Certaines caractéristiques propres au travail clinique auprès de cette population d’enfants sont décrites : récurrence de certains troubles psychopathologiques et nécessité de l’adaptation du cadre psychothérapeutique en conséquence, intrication des facteurs neurologiques et psychoaffectifs favorisant l’émergence des troubles psychopathologiques, objectifs thérapeutiques spécifiques à ce type de suivi. Un récit de psychothérapie illustre les caractéristiques qui ont été décrites.
Perceived Participation After Stroke: The Influence of Activity Retention, Reintegration, and Perceived Recovery
Authors: Eriksson Gunilla , Baum M. Carolyn , Wolf Timothy J. , Connor Lisa Tabor 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to determine the extent to which perceptions of participation in everyday occupations were affected in a sample of people with predominantly mild stroke. Demographic variables, stroke severity, community integration, participation in everyday occupations, and perceptions of recovery were examined as potential contributors to their perceptions of participation.
METHOD. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 116 people with mild to moderate first stroke assessed approximately 6 mo after stroke.
RESULTS. Perceptions of participation assessed using the Stroke Impact Scale varied (range = 19–100), with a mean score of 82. Regression analyses revealed three factors that contributed to perceptions of participation: retention of previous activities, reintegration in home and community, and perception of stroke recovery.
CONCLUSION. Although the majority of participants reported a high level of perceived participation, more than a third failed to report successful participation.
Childhood Toxic Stress: A Community Role in Health Promotion for Occupational Therapists
Authors: Gronski Meredith P. , Bogan Katherine E. , Kloeckner Jeanne , Russell-Thomas Duana , Taff Steven D. , Walker Kimberly A. , Berg Christine 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPeople who experience the toxic stress of recurrent traumatic events in childhood have a higher risk for mental and physical health problems throughout life. Occupational therapy practitioners have a remarkable opportunity to be involved in addressing this significant public health problem. As health care practitioners already situated in the community, we have a responsibility to lead and assist in establishing and implementing occupation-based programs and to nurture the links between the child welfare system and existing intervention systems. In this article, we review the current research on toxic stress and recommendations made by other health care disciplines and offer strategies for occupational therapy practitioners to begin a dialogue on this critical, emerging issue.
On the Bottom-up Foundations of the Banking-Macro Nexus
Authors: Wäckerle Manuel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe complexity of credit-money is conceived as the central issue in the banking-macro nexus, which the author considers as a structural as well as process component of the evolving economy. This nexus is significant for the stability as well as the fragility of the economic system, because it connects the monetary with the real domain of economic production and consumption. The evolution of credit rules shapes economic networks between households, firms, banks, governments and central banks in space and time. The properties and characteristics of this evolutionary process are discussed in three sections. First, the author looks into the origins of the theory of money and its role for contemporary monetary economics. Second, he briefly discusses current theoretical foundations of top-down as well as bottom-up approaches to the banking-macro nexus, such as dynamic stochastic general equilibrium and agent-based models. In the third part he suggests an evolutionary framework, building on a generic rule-based approach, to arrive at standards for bottom-up foundations in agent-based macroeconomic models with a banking sector.
Japanese Aesthetic Influences on Early 20th-Century Art Education: Arthur Wesley Dow and Ernest Fenollosa
Authors: Williams Betty Lou 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Incorporating primary archival materials, this essay considers the influence of Arthur Wesley Dow on art education in the United States at the turn of the 20th century. I also highlight the impact of Dow’s teacher and mentor, Ernest Fenollosa. I posit here that their relationship resulted in the introduction and influence of Japanese aesthetics, which in turn shaped Dow’s views about the elements and principles of art and design. My essay chronicles how some of Dows’ aesthetic understandings were shaped and then disseminated into U.S. art education, art history, and training for artists from the late 1800s through the first half of the 1900s.
Réécriture de la figure mythique d’Ulysse dans Ulysse from Bagdad d’Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt
Authors: Cauville Joëlle 
Published: November 2013

Dans Ulysse from Bagdad, Éric-Emmanuel Schmitt fait appel consciemment au mythe : il fait le pari d’ennoblir son personnage, l’immigré clandestin irakien, Saad Saad en le plongeant dans un voyage comparable à celui d’Ulysse dans l’Odyssée. Toutefois le périple d’Ulysse est un voyage de retour tandis que celui de Saad est celui de tous les départs. Là n’est pas la seule entorse que l’écrivain contemporain fait au texte matriciel. En analysant cette réécriture originale du célèbre mythe, on s’apercevra que, par le ton parodique de son roman, Schmitt est aussi l’héritier de Giraudoux. Nous conclurons que l’humour de Schmitt, sa verve de conteur et son recours à la grande épopée homérique ne nous détournent pas du sérieux de la condition de Saad Saad, ils nous permettent paradoxalement d’en mesurer la gravité.
Understanding the Behavior of Filipino Twitter Users during Disaster
Authors: Lee Boaz John , Ybañez Michael , De Leon Marlene M. , Estuar Ma. Regina E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Philippines is a country that frequently experiences disasters, such as typhoons. During these events, many citizens spread information and communicate with each other through social media like Twitter. This study aims to take advantage of that fact by analyzing the data from social media to get some insights on the situation. Specifically, this paper studies the behavior of Filipinos on Twitter during a disaster, and tries to see the differences between participants, or the direct victims of the disaster, and observers. The study used Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Principal Component Analysis to extract the different topics discussed during a disaster, and found out which topics participants are more likely to talk about. Results also show which topics are more likely to be retweeted, which language participants in disaster use more often, and what emotions are present in the disaster-time tweets of Filipinos.