bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the complexity of genetic networks: Understanding multigenic and pleiotropic regulation
Authors: Somogyi Roland , Sniegoski Carol Ann 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMolecular genetics presents an increasingly complex picture of the genome and biological function. Evidence is mounting for distributed function, redundancy, and combinatorial coding in the regulation of genes. Satisfactory explanation will require the concept of a parallel processing signaling network. Here we provide an introduction to Boolean networks and their relevance to present‐day experimental research. Boolean network models exhibit global complex behavior, self‐organization, stability, redundancy and periodicity, properties that deeply characterize biological systems. While the life sciences must inevitably face the issue of complexity, we may well look to cybernetics for a modeling language such as Boolean networks which can manageably describe parallel processing biological systems and provide a framework for the growing accumulation of data. We finally discuss experimental strategies and database systems that will enable mapping of genetic networks. The synthesis of these approaches holds an immense potential for new discoveries on the intimate nature of genetic networks, bringing us closer to an understanding of complex molecular physiological processes like brain development, and intractable medical problems of immediate importance, such as neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and a variety of genetic diseases.
Magnetic and electric field characterization of La2CoMnO6 crystals doped with Pb
Authors: Yankova L. , Milenov T. I. , Rafailov P. M. , Avdeev G. V. , Veleva M. N. , Gosopodinov M. M. 
Published: May 2013

Crystals of La2CoMnO6 doped with Pb were successfully grown by the high temperature solution growth method and their magnetic and transport properties were studied. The examined crystal is found to have predominantly ordered Co2+/Mn4+ structure with randomly distributed Mn3+ substituting Co2+. A relaxor‐like temperature dependence of the dielectric constant with relaxation maximum is established in the temperature interval 180–210 K. On the base of the dc‐conductivity data, it is assumed that the charge transport in the interval 180–350 K is governed by small‐polaron hopping, whose onset coincides with the Curie temperature.
Reversible Capture of SO2 through Functionalized Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yang Dezhong , Hou Minqiang , Ning Hui , Ma Jun , Kang Xinchen , Zhang Jianling , Han Buxing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEmission of SO2 in flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuels leads to severe environmental problems. Exploration of green and efficient methods to capture SO2 is an interesting topic, especially at lower SO2 partial pressures. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) 1‐(2‐diethylaminoethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Et2NEMim][Tf2N]) and 1‐(2‐diethylaminoethyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrazolate ([Et2NEMim][Tetz]) were synthesized. The performances of the two ILs to capture SO2 were studied under different conditions. It was demonstrated that the ILs were very efficient for SO2 absorption. The [Et2NEMim][Tetz] IL designed in this work could absorb 0.47 g gIL−1 at 0.0101 MPa SO2 partial pressure, which is the highest capacity reported to date under the same conditions. The main reason for the large capacity was that both the cation and the anion could capture SO2 chemically. In addition, the IL could easily be regenerated, and the very high absorption capacity and rapid absorption/desorption rates were not changed over five repeated cycles.
A Water‐free Low Temperature Process for Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 Films
Authors: Guo Jiao‐Jiao , Li Ming‐Da , Sun Qing‐Qing , Yang Wen , Zhou Peng , Ding Shi‐Jin , Zhang David Wei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new low temperature atomic layer deposition (LT‐ALD) Al2O3 process using trimethylaluminum (TMA) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The atomistic mechanisms of the two deposition half‐cycles on Al‐CH3*, Al‐OH*, and Al(η2‐O2CCH3)* are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The experimental demonstrations are performed on Si substrates over the growth temperature range 75–400°C. Consistent with the DFT simulation, lower linear growth rate and shorter required oxidant purge times are observed at 90°C, when compared to LT‐ALD Al2O3 using H2O as the oxidant. The chemical characteristics of the Al2O3 films grown with both CH3COOH at 90°C and H2O at 100°C are determined and compared using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Room‐Temperature ALD of Metal Oxide Thin Films by Energy‐Enhanced ALD
Authors: Potts Stephen E. , Profijt Harald B. , Roelofs Robin , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRoom‐temperature atomic layer deposition (RT‐ALD) processes are of interest for applications using temperature‐sensitive substrates. Challenges with RT‐ALD arise when the precursors are not sufficiently volatile, purge times become impractically long, and precursors or co‐reactants are unreactive with the surface species. In several cases, the latter two challenges can be overcome using energy‐enhanced ALD. Here, we demonstrate RT‐ALD (25°C) processes for Al2O3, TiO2, and SiO2 from trimethylaluminum (Al(CH3)3, TMA), titanium(IV) tetraisopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4, TTIP), and bis(diethylamino)silane (SiH2(NEt2)2, BDEAS) precursors with an O2 plasma or O3 gas as co‐reactants. Saturated RT‐ALD growth was obtained for all O2 plasma processes and TMA/O3, whereas the TTIP/O3 and BDEAS/O3 processes gave no growth. Using these and literature results, the criteria for viable RT‐ALD processes are discussed.
Photocatalytic Properties of WO3/TiO2 Core/Shell Nanofibers prepared by Electrospinning and Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Szilágyi Imre Miklós , Santala Eero , Heikkilä Mikko , Pore Viljami , Kemell Marianna , Nikitin Timur , Teucher Georg , Firkala Tamás , Khriachtchev Leonid , Räsänen Markku , Ritala Mikko , Leskelä Markku 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCore WO3 nanofibers (140–300 nm in diameter, several hundred µm long) are made by a novel, water‐based electrospinning process using ammonium metatungstate (AMT) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as precursors. TiO2 shells (1.5–20 nm) are grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using TiCl4 and water at 250°C. The WO3/TiO2 composite fibers are analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The optimal photocatalytic conversion under visible light is reached by the WO3/1.5 nm TiO2 nanofibers, which have higher activity compared to bare WO3 and Degussa TiO2. Thicker TiO2 layers fill the pores of the nanowires and reduce the specific surface area, weakening the photocatalytic activity.
Influence of Subsurface Hybrid Material Growth on the Mechanical Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited Thin Films on Polymers
Authors: Sun Yujie , Padbury Richard P. , Akyildiz Halil I. , Goertz Matthew P. , Palmer Jeremy A. , Jur Jesse S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe mechanical properties of atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings play a key role in their long‐term use as encapsulation barriers for organic‐based, flexible, electronic devices. Nano‐indentation characteristics and flexure testing of nanometer‐scale alumina on polyamide 6 (PA6) films are investigated to determine the influence of a sub‐surface hybrid layer formed during the ALD process. This hybrid layer is observed to affect the mechanical performance of the thin films, in particular at lower processing temperatures. This work has important consequences on how ALD materials need to be applied and evaluated on polymers for application as encapsulation barrier layers.
Molecular Hybrid Structures by Atomic Layer Deposition – Deposition of Alq3, Znq2 and Tiq4 (q = 8‐hydroxyquinoline)
Authors: Nilsen Ola , Haug Kristoffer Robin , Finstad Terje , Fjellvåg Helmer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAtomic layer deposition (ALD) is traditionally used for deposition of inorganic compounds, metals, organic polymers, and hybrid inorganic/organic materials. In all these materials, the structural framework is based on covalent or metallic bonds. The present paper demonstrates the growth of thin films of metal‐organic films in which weak Van der Waals forces are important. Thin films of metal quinolines based on 8‐hydroxyquinoline (q) and aluminum (Alq3), zinc (Znq2), and titanium (possibly Tiq4) have been deposited using ALD in the temperature range 85–200 °C. The growth rates decrease with increasing temperature from 0.7–0.4 nm per cycle at 85 °C, to zero at 200 °C. The growth dynamics have been investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). It is found that an excess of metal precursor will etch the films. The Alq3 material is stable towards exposure to water during deposition. The photoluminescent properties of selected metal quinoline films are reported.
Syntheses of Hydrazino Peptides and Conjugates
Authors: Panda Siva S. , El‐Nachef Claudia , Bajaj Kiran , Katritzky Alan R. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract(α‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐aminoacyl)benzotriazolides (Cbz = benzyloxycarbonyl) underwent a coupling reaction with α‐hydrazino acids under microwave irradiation to form hybrid hydrazino dipeptides (42–71 %). Chiral acylations of β‐N‐Cbz‐α‐hydrazino acylbenzotriazolides were successfully carried out with N‐, S‐, O‐, and C‐nucleophiles in yields of 49–88 %.
Following the Lead from Nature: Divergent Pathways in Natural Product Synthesis and Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Serba Christelle , Winssinger Nicolas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis microreview discusses recent efforts in chemical synthesis to design divergent pathways either to access diverse natural products from a common intermediate or to produce diverse libraries of compounds reminiscent of natural products. These efforts are generally based on the development and use of powerful complexity‐generating reactions and cascade reactions. A panel of eighteen examples is used to illustrate different strategies.
ERBB4 confers metastatic capacity in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Mendoza‐Naranjo Ariadna , El‐Naggar Amal , Wai Daniel H. , Mistry Priti , Lazic Nikola , Ayala Fernanda Rocha Rojas , da Cunha Isabela Werneck , Rodriguez‐Viciana Pablo , Cheng Hongwei , Tavares Guerreiro Fregnani Jose H. , Reynolds Patrick , Arceci Robert J. , Nicholson Andrew , Triche Timothy J. , Soares Fernando A. , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Wang Yuzhuo Z. , Strauss Sandra J. , Sorensen Poul H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMetastatic spread is the single‐most powerful predictor of poor outcome in Ewing sarcoma (ES). Therefore targeting pathways that drive metastasis has tremendous potential to reduce the burden of disease in ES. We previously showed that activation of the ERBB4 tyrosine kinase suppresses anoikis, or detachment‐induced cell death, and induces chemoresistance in ES cell lines in vitro. We now show that ERBB4 is transcriptionally overexpressed in ES cell lines derived from chemoresistant or metastatic ES tumours. ERBB4 activates the PI3K‐Akt cascade and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and both pathways contribute to ERBB4‐mediated activation of the Rac1 GTPase in vitro and in vivo. ERBB4 augments tumour invasion and metastasis in vivo, and these effects are blocked by ERBB4 knockdown. ERBB4 expression correlates significantly with reduced disease‐free survival, and increased expression is observed in metastatic compared to primary patient‐matched ES biopsies. Our findings identify a novel ERBB4‐PI3K‐Akt‐FAK‐Rac1 pathway associated with aggressive disease in ES. These results predict that therapeutic targeting of ERBB4, alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents, may suppress the metastatic phenotype in ES.
Eating Disorders with and without Comorbid Depression and Anxiety: Similarities and Differences in a Clinical Sample of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hughes Elizabeth K. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Labuschagne Zandre , Loeb Katharine L. , Sawyer Susan M. , Grange Daniel Le 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to describe and compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with an eating disorder (ED) and comorbid depression or anxiety.MethodData were drawn from intake assessments of children and adolescents at a specialist ED clinic. Demographic characteristics (e.g. age and gender) and clinical characteristics (e.g. body mass, binge eating and purging) were compared between 217 ED participants without comorbidity, 32 with comorbid anxiety, 86 with comorbid depression and 36 with comorbid anxiety and depression.ResultsThe groups with comorbid depression had more complex and severe presentations compared with those with an ED and no comorbid disorder and those with comorbid anxiety alone, especially in regard to binge eating, purging, dietary restraint and weight/shape concerns.DiscussionDepression and anxiety were differentially related to clinical characteristics of EDs. The findings have implications for understanding the relations between these disorders and their potential to impact outcome of ED treatments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Close interactions between the Antarctic cyclone budget and large‐scale atmospheric circulation
Authors: Uotila Petteri , Vihma Timo , Tsukernik Maria 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor the first time, we quantify relationships between the Southern Ocean cyclones and large‐scale atmospheric variability indices: the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Zonal Wave 3 (ZW3) pattern, and the semiannual oscillation (SAO). Using the ERA‐Interim 1979–2011 results, we identify cyclones south of 40°S and calculate monthly sectoral cyclone budgets of the Southern Ocean, defined as cyclogenesis minus cyclolysis plus net movement of cyclones into each sector. The SAM index has a strong connection with cyclones across all sectors. Positive SAM values are related to decreased eastward and increased southward movement of cyclones, resulting in higher cyclone densities along the Antarctic coast. The ENSO index shows strong associations with the cyclone behavior in the Amundsen‐Ross Seas, whereas other regions are less sensitive to it. The ZW3 index has a stronger association with the meridional movement of cyclones than other indices.
Low‐frequency earthquakes in the Mexican Sweet Spot
Authors: Frank William B. , Shapiro Nikolaï M. , Kostoglodov Vladimir , Husker Allen L. , Campillo Michel , Payero Juan S. , Prieto Germán A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe use data from the Meso‐America Subduction Experiment to detect and locate low‐frequency earthquakes (LFEs) in the Mexican subduction zone. We use visually‐identified templates to perform a network waveform correlation search that produced ~17,000 robustly detected LFEs that form 15 distinct families. Stacking an LFE family's corresponding detections results in seismograms with high signal‐to‐noise ratios and clearPandSwave arrivals; we use these travel times to locate the sources. The resulting locations superpose a previously identified region of permanent non‐volcanic tremor (NVT) activity. Husker et al. (2012) called this region a Sweet Spot, suggesting that the local conditions are adequate to continuously generate NVT. The LFE hypocenters have been located at a depth of 40–45 km in an area that is surrounding the upper slab‐plate interface. We characterize their focal mechanisms by comparing their stacked seismograms to synthetic seismograms. This analysis reveals a common low‐dipping focal mechanism.
Biosynthesis of Highly Dispersed Palladium Nanoparticles Using Astraglmanna Aqueous Extract
Authors: Farhadi Khalil , Pourhossein Atefeh , Forough Mehrdad , Molaei Rahim , Abdi Ali , Siyami Abbas 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBiosynthesis of nanoparticles has received increased attention due to a growing need to develop environmentally benign technologies in material synthesis and employment of secondary metabolites from plant extract that has emerged as a novel technology for this purpose. In this study, a rapid and biogenic process for fabrication of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) is reported. Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles were successfully prepared by using aqueous extract of Astraglmanna, a non‐toxic and eco‐friendly material, without extra surfactant, capping agent, and template. The PdNPs were characterized by using UV—Visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope ‐ energy dispersive spectra (SEM‐EDX), Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of the PdNPs were recorded and mean size of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was found to be approximately 15 nm.
Catalysis of Multi‐walled Carbon Nanotubes Supported PdxCoy Nanoparticles Prepared by a Pyrolysis Method Using Ionic Liquids as the Solvent toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Yang Hongwei , Wang Yahui , Cao Yanli , Zheng Chunbao , Liu Lu , Liu Likun , Ding Keqiang , Rapole Sowjanya B. , Wang Yiran , Guo Zhanhu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorated with PdxCoy (the nominal atomic ratios of Pd to Co were 3:1, 3:1.5, 3:2, 3:3, respectively) nanoparticles (denoted as PdxCoy/MWCNTs ) were fabricated by a simple pyrolysis process, in which room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) of butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (denoted as [BMIM]PF6) was used as the solvent. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were all used to characterize the PdxCoy/MWCNTs catalysts, showing that the PdxCoy particles were dispersed on the surface of the MWCNTs with an average particle size of ∼25.0 nm. The electro‐catalytic activity of the PdxCoy/MWCNTs catalysts toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). It was revealed that the onset potential was ∼90 mV lower and the peak current was about four times higher for ethanol oxidation for Pd3Co1.5/MWCNTs compared to those of Pd3Co1/MWCNTs. The possible catalysis mechanisms of the Pd3Co1.5/MWCNTs toward EOR were also discussed.
A Quantitative Analysis of the Spontaneous Reporting of Congestive Heart Failure‐Related Adverse Events With Systemic Anti‐Fungal Drugs
Authors: Hauben Manfred , Hung Eric Y. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTo investigate spontaneous reporting relationships between representative antifungal agents and congestive heart failure (CHF)‐related adverse events (AE) we performed multiple disproportionality analyses of the US FDA AERS database. Specifically we performed analysis of drug‐AE associations (2D) plus drug–drug–AE and drug–AE–AE‐associations (3D), the latter two to explore the potential contribution of reported pharmacodynamic interactions, overexposure from pharmacokinetic interactions, and drug overdose. Itraconazole displayed a pattern of statistical reporting dependencies across multiple analyses (2D and 3D). Amphotericin B was the only other antifungal that demonstrated a 2D SDR with CHF‐related events. Itraconazole demonstrated multiple SDRs with calcium channel blockers in suspect drug‐only 3D analysis. There was one other SDR with fluconazole and propanolol and three SDRs involving valproate and fluconazole that may have been do at least in part to duplicate reporting. Less specific 3D analysis including both suspect plus concomitant medications showed a greater number and variety of SDRs with multiple antifungals. Statistical reporting dependencies with CHF‐related events did not appear to be a consistent pharmacological (e.g., azole/triazole)/therapeutic (i.e., antifungal) class effect. Itraconzole was unique in the pattern of statistical reporting dependencies with CHF‐related events which is consistent with findings from independent data sets.
Determinants and normal values of ascending aortic diameter by age, gender, and race/ethnicity in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Turkbey Evrim B. , Jain Aditya , Johnson Craig , Redheuil Alban , Arai Andrew E. , Gomes Antoinette S. , Carr James , Hundley W. Gregory , Teixido‐Tura Gisela , Eng John , Lima João A.C. , Bluemke David A. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo determine the normal size and wall thickness of the ascending thoracic aorta (AA) and its relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in a large population‐based study.Materials and MethodsThe mean AA luminal diameter was measured in 3573 Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants (age: 45–84 years), using gradient echo phase contrast cine MRI. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the associations between risk factors and AA diameter. The median and upper normal limit (95th percentile) was defined in a “healthy” subgroup as well as AA wall thickness.ResultsThe upper limits of body surface area indexed AA luminal diameter for age categories of 45–54, 55–64, 65–74, and 75–84 years are 21, 22, 22, and 28 mm/m2 in women and 20, 21, 22, 23 mm/m2 in men, respectively. The mean AA wall thickness was 2.8 mm. Age, gender, and body surface area were major determinants of AA luminal diameter (∼+1 mm/10 years; ∼+1.9 mm in men than women; ∼+1 mm/ 0.23 m2; P < 0.001). The AA diameter in hypertensive subjects was +0.9 mm larger than in normotensives (P < 0.001).ConclusionAA diameter increases gradually with aging for both genders among all race/ethnicities. The normal value of AA diameter is provided. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:360–368. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are droughts becoming more frequent or severe in China based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: 1951–2010?
Authors: Yu Meixiu , Li Qiongfang , Hayes Michael J. , Svoboda Mark D. , Heim Richard R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was computed based on the monthly precipitation and air temperature values at 609 locations over China during the period 1951–2010.Various characteristics of drought across China were examined including: long‐term trends, percentage of area affected, intensity, duration, and drought frequency. The results revealed that severe and extreme droughts have become more serious since late 1990s for all of China (with dry area increasing by ∼3.72% per decade); and persistent multi‐year severe droughts were more frequent in North China, Northeast China, and western Northwest China; significant drying trends occurred over North China, the southwest region of Northeast China, central and eastern regions of Northwest China, the central and southwestern parts of Southwest China and southwestern and northeastern parts of western Northwest mainly due to a decrease in precipitation coupled with a general increase in temperature. In addition, North China, the western Northwest China, and the Southwest China had their longest drought durations during the 1990s and 2000s. Droughts also affected western Northwest, eastern Northwest, North, and Northeast regions of China more frequently during the recent three decades. The results of this article could provide certain references and triggers for establishing a drought early warning system in China. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society