bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The struggle for PSB 2.0: An assessment
Authors: Brevini Benedetta 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A vigorous debate about the redefinition and expansion of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) in the new media environment has taken centre stage in global policy fora in the last two decades. It is now crucial to develop new conceptualizations of PSB and analyse how the public service philosophy is being adjusted to the new online and multi-platform environment. Born and Prosser identified the principles of citizenship, universality and quality as the normative criteria behind PSB in a broadcasting environment. This construction offers a valid starting point for the development of a new normative framework for PSB online that I have called PSB 2.0. By drawing on documentary and policy analysis of different European case studies (United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Denmark and France) this article aims to establish a new framework of PSB that can be applied to the online world. Thus, the study identifies the principles of citizenship, universality, quality and trust as the pillars of PSB 2.0.
Book Reviews
Authors: Tambini Damian , Hart Jeffrey A. , D’heer Evelien 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The Palgrave Handbook of European Media Policy, Karen Donders, Caroline Pauwels and Jan Loisen (eds) (2014) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 576 pp., ISBN: 9781137032171, h/bk, £135
The New World of Transitioned Media: Digital Realignment and Industry Transformation, Gali Einav (ed.) (2015) Cham: Springer, 151 pp., ISBN: 9783319090085, h/bk, $129
Political Communication in the Era of New Technologies, Boguslawa Dobek-Ostrowka and Jan Garlicki (eds) (2013) Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 285 pp., ISBN: 98736316441191, h/bk, £41
Whole Organism Genome Editing: Targeted Large DNA Insertion via ObLiGaRe Nonhomologous End-Joining in Vivo Capture
Authors: Yamamoto Yutaka , Bliss Jacob , Gerbi Susan A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Targeted gene insertion is a goal of genome editing and has been performed in cultured cells but only in a handful of whole organisms. The existing method to integrate foreign DNA using the homologous recombination pathway is inherently low efficiency, and many systems are refractory to this method. Several additional manipulations have been developed to gain greater efficiency by suppressing the competing dominant repair pathway of nonhomologous end-joining. However, this can be laborious and in practice limits the range of hosts where the method is applicable. Here, we use the preferred pathway of nonhomologous end-joining (used previously to create indels for gene inactivation) for precise integration of large DNA into the specified genomic target site of an intact animal. Our method uses site-specific cleavage, end-capture of cohesive ends, and obligate ligation-gated recombination. This approach is straight-forward and yields high efficiency without additional gene manipulations; therefore it is easily applicable to a much broader range of organisms. We demonstrate its application to the fungus fly Sciara coprophila where a transformation system has not existed before. We integrated a 6.5 kb transgene precisely at the desired genomic target site of Sciara using this method. This provides the foundation for future experiments to explore the unique genetic features of this organism. Similarly, the method described here will allow insertion of large pieces of DNA into a diverse group of organisms for studies of their genetic attributes.
Analysis of Germline Stem Cell Differentiation Following Loss of GLP-1 Notch Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Fox Paul M , Schedl Tim 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Stem cells generate the differentiated progeny cells of adult tissues. Stem cells in the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germline are maintained within a proliferative zone of ∼230 cells, ∼20 cell diameters in length, through GLP-1 Notch signaling. The distal tip cell caps the germline and supplies GLP-1-activating ligand, and the distal-most germ cells that occupy this niche are likely self-renewing stem cells with active GLP-1 signaling. As germ cells are displaced from the niche, GLP-1 activity likely decreases, yet mitotically cycling germ cells are found throughout the proliferative zone prior to overt meiotic differentiation. Following loss of GLP-1 activity, it remains unclear whether stem cells undergo transit-amplifying (TA) divisions or more directly enter meiosis. To distinguish between these possibilities we employed a temperature-sensitive (ts) glp-1 mutant to manipulate GLP-1 activity. We characterized proliferative zone dynamics in glp-1(ts) mutants at permissive temperature and then analyzed the kinetics of meiotic entry of proliferative zone cells after loss of GLP-1. We found that entry of proliferative zone cells into meiosis following loss of GLP-1 activity is largely synchronous and independent of their distal-proximal position. Furthermore, the majority of cells complete only a single mitotic division before entering meiosis, independent of their distal-proximal position. We conclude that germ cells do not undergo TA divisions following loss of GLP-1 activity. We present a model for the dynamics of the proliferative zone that utilizes cell cycle rate and proliferative zone size and output and incorporates the more direct meiotic differentiation of germ cells following loss of GLP-1 activity.
MASCULINO DE 81 ANOS CON MUCOCELE APENDICULAR Cistoadenoma tubulovelloso de Apéndice
Authors: Zuwolinsky Elguera Raisa , Barrantes León Carlos 
Published: July 2015

<p>Se presenta caso de paciente masculino de 81 años, vecino de Cartago con antecedentes patológicos personales de colelitiasis e hipertensión prostática benigna, quien es referido al hospital Max Peralta Jiménez en marzo del 2014 por historia de dolor abdominal de larga data y con ultrasonido previo que determina la presencia de masa abdominal en fosa iliaca derecha. Es visto por el servicio de cirugía general del mismo hospital en donde se completan estudios diagnósticos y posteriormente es llevado a sala de operaciones con diagnóstico de mucocele apendicular, se realiza laparotomía exploratoria y colectomía derecha con ileo-transverso anastomosis. Los estudios histopatológicos posteriores confirman el diagnóstico de mucocele apendicular asociado a adenoma túbulo velloso muco-productor.</p>
Conceptos básicos sobre obesidad sarcopénica en el adulto mayor
Authors: Zuñiga Rafael 
Published: July 2015

<p>La obesidad sarcopénica es una entidad clínica y fisiopatológica que implica discapacidad y riesgo de mortalidad. Su definición ha sidosujeto de consensopor “The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People” (EWGSOP) y el “International Working Group on Sarcopenia” (IWGS). Gracias a los estudios realizados por Baumgartner y Janssen la estandarización del diagnóstico de sarcopenia ha sido determinada empleando el índice de masa apendicular en relación a talla( ASM/ht 2) y peso (ASM/Wt); basados en los análisis por densitometría dual por rayos X (DXA), e impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). La obesidad se valora a través del índice de masa corporal y del porcentaje de grasa corporal. Metaanálisis recientes han estimado la incidencia de la obesidad sarcopénica entre el 2 y 20%. La obesidad sarcopénica se ha caracterizado por la resistencia a insulina e inflamación. El adipocito ha sido implicado en el mantenimiento de este proceso. Estudios han sugerido un abordaje e intervención basados en la composición corporal y el riesgo metabólico</p>
Long Noncoding RNA in Digestive Tract Cancers: Function, Mechanism, and Potential Biomarker
Authors: Zeng Shuo , Xiao Yu-Feng , Tang Bo , Hu Chang-Jiang , Xie Rei , Yang Shi-Ming , Li Bo-Sheng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Digestive tract cancers (DTCs) are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Current therapeutic tools for advanced stage DTCs have limitations, and patients with early stage DTCs frequently have a missed diagnosis due to shortage of efficient biomarkers. Consequently, it is necessary to develop novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for treatment of DTCs. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with &gt;200 nucleotides, have been shown to be aberrantly expressed in DTCs and to have an important role in DTC development: the expression profiles of lncRNAs strongly correlated with poor survival of patients with DTCs, and lncRNAs acted as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in DTC progression. In this review, we summarized the functional lncRNAs and expounded on their regulatory mechanisms in DTCs.

Implications for Practice:
Digestive tract cancers (DTCs) are a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is necessary to exploit novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and novel therapeutic targets for treatment of DTCs. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with approximately 200 nucleotides to 100,000 bases, participate in the progression of a variety of diseases. This review summarizes functional lncRNAs, which were shown to serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of DTCs and to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in DTC development. In addition, the potential mechanism of functional lncRNAs in DTCs is highlighted.
Nesfatin-1 and Vitamin D levels may be associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure values and hearth rate in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Kir Sahin Figen , Baydur Sahin Serap , Mete Ural Ulku , Cumhur Cure Medine , Senturk Senol , Bayoglu Tekin Yesim , Balik Gulsah , Cure Erkan , Yuce Suleyman , Kirbas Aynur 
Published: July 2015

Obesity, insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and hyperandrogenism may lead to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypertension. Nesfatin-1 (N1) may be related to IR, obesity, and hypertension. Furthermore, a vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with hypertension and PCOS. We aimed to investigate N1 and VD levels in PCOS that have an effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR).
This study included 54 patients with PCOS and 48 age-body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. PCOS was diagnosed according to clinical practice guidelines. Ferriman-Gallwey scores (FGS) were calculated, while N1, VD, and other hormonal and biochemical parameters were measured for all subjects. Systolic and diastolic BP was measured as well. HR was calculated using an electrocardiogram.
The levels of N1 (p < 0.001), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (p = 0.036), homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.001), systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.001) BP and HR (p < 0.001) in the PCOS group were significantly higher than in the control group. However, the VD levels of the PCOS group were lower than the control group (p = 0.004). N1 had a strong positive correlation with BMI, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, luteinizing hormone, systolic and diastolic BP, and HR. VD levels were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and luteinizing hormone.
Elevated N1 and decreased VD levels may be related to the presence of high-normal BP or hypertension in PCOS subjects. N1 level may be associated with an increased BP due to its relation to inflammation and IR.
Lyme Borreliosis: Is there a preexisting (natural) variation in antimicrobial susceptibility among Borrelia burgdorferi strains?
Authors: Hodzic Emir 
Published: July 2015

The development of antibiotics changed the world of medicine and has saved countless human and animal lives. Bacterial resistance/tolerance to antibiotics have spread silently across the world and has emerged as a major public health concern. The recent emergence of pan-resistant bacteria can overcome virtually any antibiotic and poses a major problem for their successful control. Selection for antibiotic resistance may take place where an antibiotic is present: in the skin, gut, and other tissues of humans and animals and in the environment. Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agents of Lyme borreliosis, evades host immunity and establishes persistent infections in its mammalian hosts. The persistent infection poses a challenge to the effective antibiotic treatment, as demonstrated in various animal models. An increasingly heterogeneous subpopulation of replicatively attenuated spirochetes arises following treatment, and these persistent antimicrobial tolerant/resistant spirochetes are non-cultivable. The non-cultivable spirochetes resurge in multiple tissues at 12 months after treatment, with B. burgdorferi-specific DNA copy levels nearly equivalent to those found in shame-treated experimental animals. These attenuated spirochetes remain viable, but divide slowly, thereby being tolerant to antibiotics. Despite the continued non-cultivable state, RNA transcription of multiple B. burgdorferi genes was detected in host tissues, spirochetes were acquired by xenodiagnostic ticks, and spirochetal forms could be visualized within ticks and mouse tissues. A number of host cytokines were up- or down-regulated in tissues of both shame- and antibiotic-treated mice in the absence of histopathology, indicating a lack of host response to the presence of antimicrobial tolerant/resistant spirochetes.
Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting as a Recurrent Nucleus Pulposus Herniation
Authors: Verma Kushagra , Fennessy Jacob , Huang Ronald , Jabbour Pascal , Rihn Jeffrey 
Published: July 2015

Case:
Of the many potential causes of nerve compression that lead to radiculopathy, vascular etiologies remain among the most infrequent, with an estimated prevalence of only five to ten per million cases of radiculopathy. In this case report, we outline the clinical presentation, imaging, intraoperative findings, and pathologic findings for a fifty-four-year old patient with an intradural, extramedullary form of a spinal dural arteriovenous fistula at the L1-L2 level who presented only with axial back pain and radiculopathy. The radiologist and surgeon initially diagnosed the patient with a herniated nucleus pulposus. However, the intraoperative findings and angiogram were suggestive of an arteriovenous fistula. Methods to identify this rare entity are described for the orthopaedic spine community.

Conclusion:
The potential for a missed diagnosis is particularly important as many partial discectomy procedures are performed at small surgical centers with limited blood products available and no vascular surgeon on staff. For patients with preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that is suggestive of vascular malformations (T2 hyperintensity in the lower spinal cord and conus medullaris), we recommend that MR angiography be performed as a secondary diagnostic evaluation. MR angiography has a 95% positive predictive value for specifically diagnosing an arteriovenous fistula.
Atypical Femoral Fracture Despite Prophylactic Intramedullary Nailing
Authors: Schemitsch Christine E. , Kuzyk Paul , McKee Michael D. 
Published: July 2015

Case:
A forty-three-year-old woman on bisphosphonate therapy sustained an atypical femoral fracture that was successfully treated with an intramedullary nail. After she developed radiographic and clinical signs of an impending stress fracture of the contralateral femur, prophylactic nailing was performed. However, seven months postoperatively, she sustained a spontaneous, complete fracture of the prophylactically nailed femur at the site of the lateral cortical stress lesion.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, progression of a bisphosphonate-associated stress lesion to a complete fracture months after initially successful prophylactic intramedullary nailing has not been previously reported. Implications regarding treatment and prognosis are discussed.
Treatment of an Acute Fracture of the Femoral Neck in a Young Female Adult with a Transfemoral Amputation
Authors: Freitas Anderson , Souto Diogo R.M. , da Silva Juliano F. , Dantas Bruno R. , de Paula Ana Patrícia 
Published: July 2015

Introduction:
Fracture of the femoral neck in a young adult with an ipsilateral transfemoral amputation is uncommon, and there is no consensus regarding the best treatment.

Methods:
We present a unique case of a displaced right femoral neck fracture treated with closed reduction and percutaneous screw fixation in a twenty-eight-year-old woman with a preexisting ipsilateral transfemoral amputation.

Results:
We observed satisfactory healing of the fracture with a slight varus deformity and no radiographic signs of osteonecrosis at one year.

Conclusion:
In a young adult with a preexisting transfemoral amputation and an acute femoral neck fracture, reduction and fixation of the fracture may be a reasonable treatment option.
Propionibacterium acnes Infection in the Native Hip
Authors: Heckmann Nathanael , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Lieberman Jay R. 
Published: July 2015

Case:
A sixty-five-year-old immunocompetent man with bilateral osteonecrosis of the hip and no prior surgical procedures or trauma was found to have a subacute Propionibacterium acnes infection of the femoral head. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Propionibacterium acnes infection in a native hip in the orthopaedic literature.

Conclusion:
Diagnosing a subacute P. acnes infection can be challenging because of nonspecific clinical findings, normal laboratory values, and delayed growth of this organism on culture. Clinicians should maintain a high degree of suspicion as these infections are frequently missed.
Green Technology for the Removal of Chloro‐Organics from Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewater
Authors: Choudhary Ashutosh Kumar , Kumar Satish , Sharma Chhaya , Kumar Vivek 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: This study evaluates the treatment efficiency of a horizontal subsurface‐flow constructed wetland (HSSF‐CW) for the removal of chloro‐organic compounds from pulp and paper mill wastewater. The surface area of the HSSF‐CW unit was 5.25 m2 and was planted with Colocasia esculenta. The wastewater was characterized for different chloro‐organic compounds, that is, adsorbable organic halides (AOX), chlorophenolics, and chlorinated resin and fatty acids (cRFAs). Under a hydraulic retention time of 5.9 days, the average AOX, chlorophenolics, and cRFA removal from wastewater was 87, 87, and 93%, respectively. Some of the chlorophenolics were found to accumulate in the plant biomass and soil material. The mass balance studies show that a significant fraction of chlorophenolics and cRFA was degraded in the constructed wetland system. Modeling studies were carried out to estimate the first‐order area‐based removal rate constants (k) for chemical oxygen demand removal. The HSSF‐CW was found to be an effective treatment technology for the remediation of pulp and paper mill wastewater.
Process Performance of Secondary Effluent Granular Media Filtration with and without Preozonation
Authors: Merlo Rion , De Las Casas Carla , Henneman Seppi , Witzgall Robert , Yu William , Ramberg Steve , Parker Denny , Ohlinger Kurt 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: A 10‐month pilot study compared the performance of conventional granular media filtration (CGMF) with granular media filtration with preozonation (OGMF) to determine the effects of preozonation on filter performance. Filtration recoveries were lower for OGMF compared to CMGF when operated at a loading rate of 18.3 m/h. Operation at 18.3 m/h met turbidity requirements for California Department of Public Health Title 22 unrestricted reclaimed water requirements for both OGMF and CGMF. Preozonated secondary effluent at a transferred dose of 3 mg/L resulted in an increase in ultraviolet transmissivity (UVT) of approximately 6% and greater than 5‐log inactivation of male‐specific bacteriophage MS2. Wet weather flow events resulted in UVT decrease and a decline in MS2 inactivation to less than 3 log attributed to higher ozone demand in the secondary effluent. Preozonation increased N‐nitrosodimethlyamine (NDMA) concentration approximately 10 times, but subsequent filtration reduced levels to secondary effluent values. A net increase in NDMA was observed at times.
A Novel Biosorbent Lagenaria vulgaris Shell ‐ ZrO2 for the Removal of Textile Dye From Water
Authors: Petrović Milica M. , Radović Miljana D. , Kostić Miloš M. , Mitrović Jelena Z. , Bojić Danijela V. , Zarubica Aleksandra R. , Bojić Aleksandar Lj. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: A new biosorbent, abbreviated as LVB‐ZrO2, was synthesized by chemically modifying Lagenaria vulgaris shell with ZrO2. The removal of textile dye RB19 from aqueous solution by LVB‐ZrO2 was studied. Characterization by SEM, FTIR and XRD confirmed the chemical modification of the biomaterial, which showed significant improvement of removal efficiency compared with unmodified Lagenaria vulgaris shell. LVB‐ZrO2 point of zero charge is 5.49. The biosorption process is highly pH dependent and the optimal pH is 2.0, at which complete dye removal was attained. The results are the best by a pseudo‐second order kinetic model. The optimal adsorbent dosage is 4 mg/dm3.The RB19 biosorption follows the Langmuir isotherm model (R2=0.9978), with the maximum sorption capacity of 75.12 mg/g. LVB‐ZrO2 is a mechanically stable, easy to synthesize, cost‐effective, biocompatible and environmentally‐friendly biosorbent with the high potential for the removal of RB19 from aqueous solution.
A Carbon‐Neutral Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cell Powered byMicrocystis aeruginosa
Authors: Ma Meirong , Cao Limin , Chen Li , Ying Xiaofang , Deng Zongwu 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT: A photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (m‐PMFC) is developed for generating electricity by harnessing solar energy using Microcystis aeruginosa. In this m‐PMFC, commensal bacteria can consume the nutrients that Microcystis aeruginosa produces to generate electricity so that no net CO2 production occurs. A b‐MFC is constructed to confirm the role of commensal bacteria in electric generation. An s‐PMFC is constructed to confirm the contribution of Microcystis aeruginosa as substrates. The power outputs of m‐PMFCs exhibit no significant difference in terms of different inoculation amount of Microcystis aeruginosa or light/dark cycles. The power density of m‐PMFC exhibits similar response to bubbling of N2 and O2 as that of b‐MFC, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry analysis of m‐PMFC and b‐MFC. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrate that the biofilm of m‐PMFC consists mainly of commensal bacteria. These results suggest that commensal bacteria act as the main biocatalysts and Microcystis aeruginosa as the anode substrates in the m‐PMFC.
The Marriage of Sharon and Henry Sawbones: A Forensic Case Illustrating the Use of a Tax Return in a Litigation Advisory Services Context
Authors: Quirin Jeffrey J. , O'Bryan David 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
This case is designed for use in a forensic accounting curriculum at the undergraduate or graduate level. The case contains no allegations of fraud. Rather, it illustrates the subset of forensic accounting referred to as litigation advisory services and is based upon an actual case that was investigated by the lead author working as a litigation support consultant. The case utilizes the problem-based learning approach wherein students are put in the role of the forensic accountant and must request additional information from the instructor. Students must first review a personal income tax return to develop a list of financial documents that would serve as a discovery request when assisting a family law attorney and his divorcing client. Using the information obtained from their requests, students must then prepare an income exhibit and an asset/liability exhibit that will support the client's need for a division of the marital estate, spousal maintenance, and child support. The process of using a completed income tax return to reconstruct the couple's asset and income profile not only mirrors the real-world engagement, but also complements and reinforces any prior courses in taxation. Student feedback on the case was extremely positive across all dimensions. Students reported having a better understanding of the role of a forensic accountant in the litigation process and enhanced abilities in analyzing a personal income tax return.