bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice-based education: a scoping review
Authors: Godley Nicola D , Devlin Lauren , Watson Jay , Davidson Tom 
Published: August 2024

Background: Apprenticeships are key to ensuring that private and public employers can recruit and develop workforces. The degree apprenticeship in paramedic practice allows learners to continue academic study while participating in on-the-job training. Objectives: The aim of this UK-based scoping review is to identify the barriers and challenges in practice-based education, and link the findings to paramedic degree apprenticeships. Methods: A scoping review was undertaken to examine the literature on degree apprenticeships and the barriers and challenges within practice-based education. Findings: Six studies were reviewed. None were specific to paramedicine, so analysis and evaluation were drawn from other professions. Three main themes were identified: role of the mentor/practice-based educator; stakeholder collaboration; and apprentice support. Conclusion: Employers are key to the collaborative design of apprenticeship, yet multiple issues in terms of their working with higher education institutions exist. The interpretation of apprenticeship-specific terminology used to assess competence, and the subjective definition of expected standards were key concerns of practice educators. Employers need to provide education to practice educators to support the facilitation of learning and assessment. Responsibility for the success of apprentices lies with both employer and learner. More research is needed on barriers for each stakeholder. Employers require clearer guidance regarding funding and expectations.
Evaluating the modulation of peripheral immune profile in people living with HIV and (Neuro)cysticercosis
Authors: Lema Yakobo Leonard , Prodjinotho Ulrich Fabien , Makasi Charles , Nanyaro Mary-Winnie A. , Kilale Andrew Martin , Mfinanga Sayoki , Stelzle Dominik , Schmidt Veronika , Carabin Hélène , Winkler Andrea Sylvia , Lyamuya Eligius F. , Ngowi Bernard J. , Chachage Mkunde , Prazeres da Costa Clarissa 
Published: August 2024

Background
The parasitic infection caused by Taenia solium represents a significant public health concern in developing countries. Larval invasion of body tissues leads to cysticercosis (CC), while central nervous system (CNS) involvement results in neurocysticercosis (NCC). Both conditions exhibit diverse clinical manifestations, and the potential impact of concomitant HIV infection especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa on peripheral and CNS immune responses remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the potential impact of HIV coinfection in CC and NCC patients.

Methodology
A nested study within a cross-sectional analysis in two Tanzanian regions was performed and 234 participants (110 HIV+ and 124 HIV-) were tested for cysticercosis antibodies, antigens, CD4 counts and serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines via multiplex bead-based immunoassay. 127 cysticercosis seropositive individuals underwent cranial computed tomography (CCT) and clinical symptoms were assessed. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with cytokine modulation due to HIV in CC and NCC patients.

Results
Serologically, 18.8% tested positive for cysticercosis antibodies, with no significant difference HIV+ and HIV+. A significantly higher rate of cysticercosis antigen positivity was found in HIV+ individuals (43.6%) compared to HIV- (28.2%) (p = 0.016). CCT scans revealed that overall 10.3% had active brain cysts (NCC+). Our study found no significant changes in the overall cytokine profiles between HIV+ and HIV- participants coinfected CC and NCC, except for IL-5 which was elevated in HIV+ individuals with cysticercosis. Furthermore, HIV infection in general was associated with increased levels of pro-and some anti-inflammatory cytokines e.g. TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ. However, based on the interaction analyses, no cytokine changes were observed due to HIV in CC or NCC patients.

Conclusions
In conclusion, while HIV infection itself significantly modulates levels of key cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IFN-γ, it does not modulate any cytokine changes due to CC or NCC. This underscores the dominant influence of HIV on the immune system and highlights the importance of effective antiretroviral therapy in managing immune responses in individuals coinfected with HIV and CC/NCC.
Association of bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) variants with physical performance and muscle mass: Findings from the LACE sarcopenia trial
Authors: Shrestha Alvin , Bashir Tufail , Achison Marcus , Adamson Simon , Akpan Asangaedem , Aspray Terry , Avenell Alison , Band Margaret M. , Burton Louise A. , Cvoro Vera , Donnan Peter T. , Duncan Gordon W. , George Jacob , Gordon Adam L. , Gregson Celia L. , Hapca Adrian , Hume Cheryl , Jackson Thomas A. , Kerr Simon , Kilgour Alixe , Masud Tahir , McKenzie Andrew , McKenzie Emma , Patel Harnish , Pilvinyte Kristina , Roberts Helen C. , Sayer Avan A. , Rossios Christos , Smith Karen T. , Soiza Roy L. , Steves Claire J. , Struthers Allan D. , Tiwari Divya , Whitney Julie , Witham Miles D. , Kemp Paul R. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Understanding genetic contributors to sarcopenia (age-related loss of muscle strength and mass) is key to finding effective therapies. Variants of the bradykinin receptor 2 (BDKRB2) have been linked to athletic and muscle performance. The rs1799722–9 and rs5810761 T alleles have been shown to be overrepresented in endurance athletes, possibly due to increased transcriptional rates of the receptor. These variants have been rarely studied in older people or people with sarcopenia.

Methods
We performed a post hoc sub-study of the Leucine and ACE (LACE) inhibitor trial, which enrolled 145 participants aged ≥70 years with low grip strength and low gait speed. Participants’ blood samples were genotyped for rs179972 using TaqMan and rs5810761 by amplification through Hotstar Taq. Genotypes were compared with outcomes of physical performance and body composition measures.

Results
Data from 136 individuals were included in the analysis. For rs1799722 the genotype frequency (TT: 17, CC: 48, CT: 71) remained in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE p = 0.248). There was no difference between the genotypes for six-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) or Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Men with the TT genotype had a significantly greater 6MWD than other genotypes (TT 400m vs CT 310m vs CC 314m, p = 0.027), and greater leg muscle mass (TT 17.59kg vs CT 15.04kg vs CC 15.65kg, p = 0.007). For rs5810761, the genotype frequency (-9-9: 31, +9+9: 43, -9+9: 60) remained in HWE (p = 0.269). The +9+9 genotype was associated with a significant change in SPPB score at 12 months (-9-9 0 vs -9+9 0 vs +9+9–1, p<0.001), suggesting an improvement. In men, the -9-9 genotype was associated with lower arm fat (-9-9 2.39kg vs -9+9 2.72kg vs +9+9 2.76kg, p = 0.019).

Conclusion
In men, the rs1799722 TT genotype was associated with longer 6MWD and greater leg muscle mass, while the rs5810761 -9-9 genotype was associated with lower arm fat mass.
Richard Green in South African Film: Forging Creative New Directions, Keyan G. Tomaselli and Richard Green (2023)
Authors: Sakota Tanja 
Published: August 2024

Review of: Richard Green in South African Film: Forging Creative New Directions, Keyan G. Tomaselli and Richard Green (2023)
Cape Town: BestRed and Lynne Reinner, 276 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-92824-660-2, p/bk, GBP 29.50
ACE-ing Protein Detection in Single Cells
Authors:   The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boettner Benjamin 
Published: August 2024

A group of researchers from the Wyss Institute at Harvard University, including researchers from MIT and the University of Toronto have developed a method to significantly enhance the sensitivity of mass cytometry and IMC using DNA nanotechnology. Applying a new signal amplification technology called Amplification by Cyclic Extension (ACE) to DNA barcodes linked to antibodies, they were able to amplify protein signals produced by antibody-bound metal isotopes more than 500-fold, and simultaneously and with high sensitivity detect more than 30 different proteins. The new method enabled them to quantitively detect rare proteins, investigate complex biological tissue changes, and study how entire networks of interconnected proteins that regulate immune cell functions respond to stimulation and pathological conditions.
Intermittent mechanical loading on mouse tibia accelerates longitudinal bone growth by inducing PTHrP expression in the female tibial growth plate
Authors: McGarry Sarah , Kover Karen , Heruth Daniel P. , Dallas Mark , Jin Xinxin , Wu Shufang , De Luca Francesco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is not clear as to whether weight bearing and ambulation may affect bone growth. Our goal was to study the role of mechanical loading (one of the components of ambulation) on endochondral ossification and longitudinal bone growth. Thus, we applied cyclical, biologically relevant strains for a prolonged time period (4 weeks) to one tibia of juvenile mice, while using the contralateral one as an internal control. By the end of the 4‐week loading period, the mean tibial growth of the loaded tibiae was significantly greater than that of the unloaded tibiae. The mean height and the mean area of the loaded tibial growth plates were greater than those of the unloaded tibiae. In addition, in female mice we found a greater expression of PTHrP in the loaded tibial growth plates than in the unloaded ones. Lastly, microCT analysis revealed no difference between loaded and unloaded tibiae with respect to the fraction of bone volume relative to the total volume of the region of interest or the tibial trabecular bone volume. Thus, our findings suggest that intermittent compressive forces applied on tibiae at mild–moderate strain magnitude induce a significant and persistent longitudinal bone growth. PTHrP expressed in the growth plate appears to be one growth factor responsible for stimulating endochondral ossification and bone growth in female mice.
Relationship between fatigue crack threshold K
max,th and K
1SCC
Authors: Vasudevan Asuri K. , Kujawski Daniel , Latanision Ronald M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article describes the relationship that relates the static threshold parameter of K
1SCC (at ∼10−10  m/s) to ΔK
th and K
max,th (at ∼10−10 m/cycle) under fatigue load at high R-ratio like R = 0.85. At these high R-ratios (>0.75), applied K
max > K
1SCC and the fracture path has a larger component of static fracture. 5083 Al alloy is adapted as an example to demonstrate this relationship at room temperature their relationship with and without GB-β anodic precipitates in inert and a 3.5 % NaCl solution environments. We are interested in the mechanical cyclic ΔK
th and K
max,th and quasi-static K
ISCC driving forces affecting the damage in the presence of a chemical environment due to anodic dissolution of the GB-β precipitates. Detailed discussions involve how these parameters are interrelated.
A property of the free Gaussian distribution
Authors: Fakhfakh Raouf , Alshahrani Fatimah 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Let

𝒦
+

⁢

(
σ
)

=

{

ℙ

(
ϑ
,
σ
)

⁢

(

d
⁢
ζ

)

:

ϑ
∈

(
0
,

ϑ
+

⁢

(
σ
)

)

}

{{\mathcal{K}_{+}}(\sigma)=\{\mathbb{P}_{(\vartheta,\sigma)}(d\zeta):\vartheta%
\in(0,\vartheta_{+}(\sigma))\}}

be the Cauchy–Stieltjes Kernel (CSK) family generated by a probability measure σ which is non degenerate and has support bounded from above. Consider the concept of

V
a

{V_{a}}

-transformation of measures introduced in [A. D. Krystek and L. J. Wojakowski,
Associative convolutions arising from conditionally free convolution,
Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top. 8 2005, 3, 515–545] for

a
∈
ℝ

{a\in\mathbb{R}}

. We prove that

V
a

⁢

(

ℙ

(
ϑ
,
σ
)

)

∈

𝒦
+

⁢

(
σ
)

{V_{a}(\mathbb{P}_{(\vartheta,\sigma)})\in{\mathcal{K}_{+}}(\sigma)}

for all

a
∈

ℝ
∖

{
0
}

{a\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}}

if and only if the measure σ is of the free Gaussian (semicircle) type law up to affinity.
Triple weak solution for p(x)-Laplacian like problem involving no flux boundary condition
Authors: Kefi Khaled , Chung Nguyen Thanh , Abdelfattah Walid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a class of

p
⁢

(
x
)

{p(x)}

-Laplacian like problems with indefinite weight involving no flux boundary condition. Using variational techniques and the critical point theorem of Bonanno and Marano [4], we prove the existence of at least three weak solutions to the problem in Sobolev variable exponent spaces.
Study of a boundary value problem governed by the general elasticity system with a new boundary conditions in a thin domain
Authors: Boulaouad Abla , Djenaihi Youcef , Boulaaras Salah , Benseridi Hamid , Dilmi Mourad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of this work is the study of a nonlinear boundary value problem which theoretically generalizes the Lamé system with disturbance in a thin 3D domain with friction and a generalized boundary condition. For the resolution of the considered problem and after the variational formulation, we construct an operator from the variational problem. Then we prove that this operator has certain properties which allows us to apply the theorem of existence and uniqueness of the solution of variational inequalities of the 2nd kind. Finally, using a change of scale, we transport the variational problem to an equivalent problem defined on a domain independent of the parameter

ζ

{{\zeta}}

and subsequently we obtain the limit problem and the generalized weak equations of the initial problem.
Some classification of affine homothetical surfaces of finite type in 𝕀
Authors: Senoussi Bendehiba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A Euclidean submanifold is said to be of Chen finite type if its coordinate functions are a finite sum of eigenfunctions of its Laplacian Δ.
In this paper, we classify two types of affine homothetical surfaces of finite type in isotropic 3-space

𝕀
3

{\mathbb{I}^{3}}

under the condition

Δ
⁢

r
i

=

λ
i

⁢

r
i

{\Delta r_{i}=\lambda_{i}r_{i}}

, where

(

r
i

)

{(r_{i})}

is the i-component function of the position vector r (

i
=

1
,
2
,
3

{i=1,2,3}

),

λ
i

∈
ℝ

{\lambda_{i}\in\mathbb{R}}

and Δ denotes the
Laplace operator.
On the stability of a double porous elastic system with visco-porous damping
Authors: Nemsi Aicha , Keddi Ahmed , Fareh Abdelfeteh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we focused on a one-dimensional elastic system with a double porosity structure and frictional damping acting on both porous equations. We introduce two stability numbers

χ
0

{\chi_{0}}

and

χ
1

{\chi_{1}}

and prove that the solution of the system decays exponentially provided that

χ
0

=
0

{\chi_{0}=0}

and

χ
1

≠
0

{\chi_{1}\neq 0}

. Otherwise, we prove the absence of exponential decay. Our results improve the results of [N. Bazarra, J. R. Fernández, M. C. Leseduarte, A. Magaña and R. Quintanilla,
On the thermoelasticity with two porosities: Asymptotic behaviour,
Math. Mech. Solids 24 2019, 9, 2713–2725] and [A. Nemsi and A. Fareh,
Exponential decay of the solution of a double porous elastic system,
Politehn. Univ. Bucharest Sci. Bull. Ser. A Appl. Math. Phys. 83 2021, 1, 41–50].
Do body esteem and quality of life scores change with puberty signs or precocious puberty treatment?
Authors: Koca Serkan Bilge , Büyükyılmaz Gönül , Taş Demet 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Body esteem (BE) and quality of life (QOL) of girls aged 9–11 years may change depending on their puberty. We aimed to examine The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) and the Body Esteem for Adolescents and Adults Scale (BESAA) for children.

Methods
The groups were determined as those whose puberty signs had not yet started (Group 1), those having with breast development stage 3 and/or larger (Group 2), and those who had received gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment for at least 6 months (Group 3).

Results
A total of 145 girls (Group 1: 41, Group 2: 56, Group 3: 48), were included. The PedsQL scores of the Group 1 was higher than Group 2 (78.5 ± 10.3 vs. 70.1 ± 14.2; p=0.008). The PedsQL scores of the Group 1 was higher but not statistically different from Group 3 (78.5 ± 10.3 vs. 74.2 ± 14.3; p=0.401). The PedsQL scores of Group 2 was not statistically different from Group 3 (p=0.354). There was no statistical difference in BESAA scores between groups (p=0.291). Group 1’s PedsQL Health and Activity subscale score was higher than Group 2 (p=0.002).

Conclusion
The QOL of the girls with PP was found to be lower than their healthy peers. Health and Activity-related QOL scores were found to be lower in the untreated group, indicating that girls with PP were probably significantly disturbed by their puberty-related physical development at the onset of the disease.
A novel portfolio optimization method and its application to the hedging problem
Authors: Halidias Nikolaos 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article we will propose a novel, self-financing, dynamic and path dependent portfolio trading strategy
which is based on the well known principle “sell high – buy
low”. Trading strategies are important also for the hedging
problem selling/buying an option. The main problem of the writer
of an option is how to invest the amount that she has received
selling the option therefore the proposed trading strategy play an
important role here. We will see that the hedging problem reduces
to an optimization one and therefore the portfolio optimization
and the hedging problem are closely related. We will also propose
a deterministic portfolio selection method (i.e., without making
any assumption-guess about the assets) and a notion of a
deterministic fair price of an option.
Optimal oversampling ratio in two-step simulation
Authors: Naidu Srinath R. , Venkiteswaran Gopalakrishnan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses a novel two-step Monte Carlo simulation algorithm to estimate the weighted volume of a polytope of the form

A
⁢
z

≤
T

{Az\leq T}

. The essential idea is to partition the columns of A into two categories – a lightweight category and a heavyweight category. Simulation is done in a two-step manner where, for every sample of the lightweight category variables we use multiple samples of the heavyweight category variables. Thus, the heavyweight category variables are oversampled with respect to the lightweight category variables and increasing samples of the heavyweight variables at the expense of the lightweight variables will lead to a more efficient Monte Carlo method. In this paper we present a fast heuristic approximate for estimating the optimal oversampling ratio and substantiate with experimental results which confirm the effectiveness of the method.
Optional strong semimartingale inequalities for the strong Snell envelopes
Authors: Haddadi Mouna , Ouknine Youssef 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
On finite time interval

[
0
,
T
]

{[0,T]}

, let X be an optional semimartingale of class

(
D
)

{(D)}

, and Z its strong Snell envelope, which is the smallest optional strong
supermartingale bounding X above (except on evanescent set). In this article, we provide the several characterizations of strong Snell envelopes to establish the main result which is the following inequality:

∥

Z
1

-

Z
2

∥

ℍ
p

≤

C
p

⁢

∥

X
1

-

X
2

∥

ℍ
p

,

\|Z^{1}-Z^{2}\|_{\mathbb{H}^{p}}\leq C_{p}\|X^{1}-X^{2}\|_{\mathbb{H}^{p}},

where

X
1

{X^{1}}

and

X
2

{X^{2}}

are two optional semimartingales of class

(
D
)

{(D)}

belonging to the space

ℍ
p

{\mathbb{H}^{p}}

(

p
>
1

{p>1}

),

Z
1

{Z^{1}}

and

Z
2

{Z^{2}}

are their Snell envelopes,

C
p

{C_{p}}

is an absolute constant.
New sites and challenges in prehistoric archaeology of Uruguay: recurrent occupations in caves, rockshelters and earthen mounds
Authors: Suárez Rafael , Melián Julia , Barceló Flavia , Volarich Jenny , Lugo Ismael , Rey Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSystematic investigation of caves and rockshelters in Uruguay is revealing the archaeological importance of these sites and their association with earthen mounds. Multiple periods of human occupation at Tamanduá rockshelter are revealed through stratigraphic analysis, and radiocarbon dates suggest recurrent occupation from the Early Holocene up to the historic period.
A novel splicing variant in ABCA1 in the first reported Hong Kong Chinese patient with high-density lipoprotein deficiency
Authors: Wong Cheuk Lik , Hung Ling Yin , Siu Wai Kwan Carol , Tam Vicki Ho Kee , Mak Chloe Miu 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Very low HDL-C levels (less than 20 mg/dL), however, were uncommonly seen and can be due to genetic defects involving the metabolic pathway of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We encountered a 50-year-old Chinese man who was only noticed to have extremely low HDL-C levels after surviving recurrent episodes of myocardial infarction. Further workup revealed the undetectable level of apolipoprotein A-I, the absence of HDL on gel electrophoresis, and a novel heterozygous splicing variant in the ABCA1 gene, which was predicted to be pathogenic by in silico analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported Hong Kong Chinese with ABCA1 deficiency and probable Tangier disease. The association of ABCA1 deficiency/Tangier disease and accelerated atherosclerosis is discussed.

Learning points

Clinicians should be aware of the differential diagnoses of very low HDL-C, which could be divided into genetic and acquired causes.

Genetic low HDL syndromes include apoA-I deficiency, Tangier disease, and familial LCAT deficiency, each of which has characteristic clinical features and can be differentiated from the other further by apoA-I measurement, lipoprotein analysis, and genetic testing.

Patients with ABCA1 deficiency and Tangier disease are at risk of premature coronary artery disease and should be aggressively screened and treated for cardiovascular risk factors and established cardiovascular diseases.

Revascularization strategy and indications for coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with Tangier disease and coronary artery disease follow that as for patients without Tangier disease.