bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newly Documented Host Fishes for the Eastern Elliptio Mussel Elliptio complanata
Authors: Lellis William A. , White Barbara St. John , Cole Jeffrey C. , Johnson Connie S. , Devers Julie L. , Gray Ellen van Snik , Galbraith Heather S. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata is a common, abundant, and ecologically important freshwater mussel that occurs throughout the Atlantic Slope drainage in the United States and Canada. Previous research has shown E. complanata glochidia to be host fish generalists, parasitizing yellow perch Perca flavescens, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, banded sculpin Cottus carolinae, and seven centrarchid species. Past laboratory studies have been conducted in the Midwest; however, glochidia used in these studies were obtained from adult mussels in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence River basins, or glochidia sources were not reported. The objective of this study was to identify host fishes for E. complanata from streams in the Mid-Atlantic region. We used artificial laboratory infections to test host suitability of 38 fish and 2 amphibian species with E. complanata glochidia from the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Glochidia successfully metamorphosed into juvenile mussels on five fish species: American eel Anguilla rostrata, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. American eel was the most effective host, yielding the highest overall metamorphosis success (percentage of attached glochidia that transformed into juvenile mussels; ≥0.90) and producing 13.2 juveniles per fish overall. No juvenile E. complanata metamorphosed on other fish or amphibian species tested, including many previously identified host fishes that appear in the literature. Reasons for discrepancies in published host fish could include geographic variation in host use across the species' range, differences in host use between lentic and lotic populations, or poorly resolved taxonomy within the genus Elliptio.
Primary Stability of a PGLA/Polydioxanone Membrane for Potential Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Hip Joint. a Cadaveric Study
Authors: Fontana Andrea , Bistolfi Alessandro , Crova Maurizio , Massazza Giuseppe 
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this cadaveric study was to evaluate the primary stability of a membrane (resorbable polyglactin-910/poly-p-dioxanone) for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) inserted by press-fit into defects in the femoral head and acetabulum. The stability of the membrane was evaluated after implantation in a cartilage defect on both sides of the joint in 12 hips in six cadavers. The hip was manually put through a full range of motion for 50 cycles after each lesion had been created and filled, starting with the acetabulum. The implanted membranes showed stability in 83.3% of the acetabular defects and in 33.3% of the femoral defects after the 50 cycles. After an additional 50 cycles the acetabular membrane showed stability in a total of eight (67%) out of 12 acetabular lesions. The results indicate that this membrane tissue is potentially stable in cartilage defects of the acetabulum, which may have clinical applications in autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)/polystyrene/poly(ethylene glycol) hollow‐fiber ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Alsalhy Qusay , Merza Amil , Rashid Khalid , Adam Arman , Figoli Alberto , Simone Silvia , Drioli Enrico 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHollow‐fiber ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polystyrene (PS) with a dry/wet phase inversion method. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide were used as the additive and solvent, respectively. The effects of the PEG concentration in the dope solution as an additive on the cross sections and inner and outer surface morphologies, permeability, and separation performance of the hollow fibers were examined. The mean pore size, pore size distribution, and mean roughness of both the inner and outer surfaces of the produced hollow fibers were determined by atomic force microscopy. Also, the mechanical properties of the hollow‐fiber membranes were investigated. UF experiments were conducted with aqueous solutions of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP; K‐90, Mw = 360 kDa). From the results, we found that the PVC/PS hollow‐fiber membranes had two layers with a fingerlike structure. These two layers were changed from a wide and long to a thin and short morphology with increasing PEG concentration. A novel and until now undescribed shape of the nodules in the outer surfaces, which was denoted as a sea‐waves shape, was observed. The outer and inner pore sizes both increased with increasing PEG concentration. The water permeation flux of the hollow fibers increased from 104 to 367 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) at higher PEG concentrations. The PVP rejection reached the highest value at a PEG concentration of 4 wt %, whereas at higher values (from 4 to 9 wt %), the rejection decreased. The same trend was found also for the tensile stress at break, Young's modulus, and elongation at break of the hollow fibers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 989‐1004, 2013
Controllable preparation, rheology, and plugging property of micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres as a novel profile control and flooding agent
Authors: Yao Chuanjin , Lei Guanglun , Gao Xuemei , Li Lei 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA series of micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) in oil phase, with Span80 and Tween80 as dispersion stabilizers, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The conversion rate and coagulum rate were introduced to optimize the inverse suspension polymerization conditions of micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres. The swelling property of polyacrylamide microspheres in aqueous solution and the rheology of polyacrylamide microspheres suspension were characterized. The matching factor was introduced to characterize the matching relationship between the particle size of polyacrylamide microspheres and pore‐throat size of reservoirs. The optimized synthesis results show that the conversion rate is high, and the coagulum rate is low when the mass ratio of Span80 to Tween80 is 3 : 1. The particle size of the polyacrylamide microspheres is controlled by varying the concentration of dispersion stabilizer. The polyacrylamide microspheres show an obvious swelling property, which depends on the concentration of NaCl and temperature. The polyacrylamide microspheres suspension shows different rheological properties at different temperature and shear rate. When the temperature is low, it behaves as pseudoplastic fluid, dilatant fluid and quasi‐newtonian fluid in turn with the increase of shear rate. When the temperature is high, it behaves as dilatant fluid and quasi‐newtonian fluid in turn with the increase of shear rate. The micron‐grade polyacrylamide microspheres prefer to plug sand pack with optimal matching factor. When the matching factor is 1.35–1.55, the polyacrylamide microspheres can be transported into the deep area of sand pack, and the ultimate plugging rate is more than 85%, which indicates that the matching factor is an effective parameter to evaluate the matching relationship between polyacrylamide microspheres and reservoirs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1124‐1130, 2013
Water‐Soluble Tetraphenylethene Derivatives as Fluorescent “Light‐Up” Probes for Nucleic Acid Detection and Their Applications in Cell Imaging
Authors: Hong Yuning , Chen Sijie , Leung Chris Wai Tung , Lam Jacky Wing Yip , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe detection of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, plays a significant role in genetic engineering, forensics, and bioinformatics. Traditional nucleic acid probes are mainly intercalators, which are potential mutagens, or groove binders that show high preference only for double‐stranded DNA. We herein present two versatile fluorescent probes for nucleic acid detection and visualization. The nonemissive tetraphenylethene derivatives (TTAPE) are induced by DNA/RNA to emit, thereby showing a novel phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). This kind of “light‐up” property enables the quantitation and visualization of nucleic acids in aqueous solution and electrophoretic gels, respectively. The cationic TTAPE can penetrate cells with a compromised plasma membrane easily but cannot enter live cells with an intact membrane, thus making them useful for the differentiation between dead and live cells. On account of the high binding affinity to DNA, TTAPE can selectively label the chromosomes and nuclei in fixed cells, which provides a simple and fast method for the observation of cell mitosis. Owing to their AIE characteristics, the dye molecules aggregate in DNA‐rich regions and exert appreciable quantum efficiency as well as superior photostability.
[Fe]‐Hydrogenase and Models that Contain IronAcyl Ligation
Authors: Schultz Katherine M. , Chen Dafa , Hu Xile 
Published: April 2013

Abstract[Fe]‐hydrogenase is a newly characterized type of hydrogenase. This enzyme heterolytically splits hydrogen in the presence of a natural substrate. The active site of the enzyme contains a mono‐iron complex with intriguing ironacyl ligation. Several groups have recently developed ironacyl complexes as synthetic models of [Fe]‐hydrogenase. This Focus Review summarizes the studies of this enzyme and its model compounds, with an emphasis on our own research in this area.
Total Synthesis of an Immunomodulatory Phosphoglycolipid from Thermophilic Bacteria
Authors: Lin Hong‐Jyune , Adak Avijit Kumar , Reddy L. Vijaya Raghava , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Lin Chun‐Cheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA method for the stereocontrolled synthesis of a bacterial phosphoglycolipid (PGL1) isolated from thermophilic bacteria is described. The key features of the synthesis include a highly α‐selective glycosylation reaction between a trichloroacetimidate donor and a D‐lyxose‐derived primary alcohol acceptor and the late‐stage incorporation of the phospholipid.
A Sensitive and Selective Fluorescent Probe for Cysteine Based on a New Response‐Assisted Electrostatic Attraction Strategy: The Role of Spatial Charge Configuration
Authors: Zhou Xin , Jin Xuejun , Sun Guangyan , Wu Xue 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new strategy for fast fluorescent detection of cysteine (Cys), based on a response‐assisted electrostatic attraction, is demonstrated. By utilizing this strategy, we designed and synthesized three fluorescent probes for the specific detection of Cys under actual physiological conditions. The probe m‐CP, a coumarin fluorophore conjugated with a substituted methyl pyridinium group through an unsaturated ketone unit, showed highly selective and sensitive detection for cysteine (Cys) over homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH). The kinetic analysis indicated that the sensing process was highly accelerated (a response time less than 1 min) by the response‐assisted electrostatic attraction. More importantly, control experiments with isomeric probes first demonstrated that the spatial charge configuration of the probe played an important role in Cys‐preferred selectivity and kinetic rate acceleration. Furthermore, the practical utility of the probe m‐CP in the fluorescent labeling of Cys residues within proteins was demonstrated. Finally, these probes were employed in living cell imaging with HeLa cells, in which it displayed satisfactory cell permeability and enabled us to distinguish active thiols in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria.
Probabilistic diagnosis of short‐circuit faults and insulation deterioration of stator winding of motor
Authors: Nakamura Hisahide , Mizuno Yukio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractShort‐circuit faults of winding due to deterioration of the insulation are one of the most probable faults in motor drive systems. An easy and eﬀective method for fault diagnosis is very much needed to assure operation with high reliability. This paper proposes a novel method for diagnosing both short‐circuit faults and insulation deterioration in windings. This method involves an impulse voltage test and probabilistic process for gauging the probability of fault occurrence by analyzing the distributions of features depending on the condition of the winding. In this paper, ﬁrst, we discuss the results of several impulse tests on the winding. Second, two features that represent the characteristics corresponding to the condition of the winding are induced, and their feature distributions are determined. Third, we introduce the probability that can be used to diagnose conditions of the winding. The average and standard deviation of both features are calculated. By using the calculated values and features observed in a target winding to be examined, the fault probability is computed. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed diagnosis method is veriﬁed by experiments involving the use of faulty and deteriorating windings. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(1): 30–41, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22399
Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopic and X‐ray Crystallographic Studies of Electronic and Steric Effects of Phosphonous Acid Ligands and Their Chlorophosphite Ligand Precursors in Tungsten Pentacarb­onyl Complexes
Authors: Hastings Samantha D. , Byrd Houston , Gray Leanne N. , Jablonsky Michael J. , Freeman Jason L. , Gray Gary M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAlthough phosphonous acid ligands have recently become of interest for use in transition metal complex catalysts for organic reactions such as alkene hydroformylations, the factors that affect the steric and electronic properties of these ligands have not been studied in detail. To gain insight into the electronic and steric properties of phosphonous acid ligands, we have prepared tungsten(0) pentacarbonyl complexes with chlorophosphite ligands derived from either 2,2′‐biphenol or (±)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol and have then hydrolyzed the coordinated ligands to generate tungsten(0) pentacarbonyl complexes with the corresponding phosphonous acid ligands. NMR measurements of the W–P coupling constants demonstrate that changing the biaryl groups from biphenyl to binaphthyl does not affect the electron‐donor ability of the ligand, whereas changing the third substituent from chloro to oxo has a significant effect. Estimation of cone angles of the ligands from X‐ray crystallographic data have shown that neither changing the biaryl group nor changing the third substituent have a significant effect on their cone angles. Further, these studies have identified important intra‐ and intermolecular interactions that favor certain ligand conformations. The data could be useful for the development of catalytic structure–activity relationships that could be used in the rational design of catalysts.
How to Perform More Effective Audits by Focusing on the Data
Authors: Singleton Tommie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBecause more and more accounting systems are automated, data have become the key to auditing those systems. The fact is, the figures in financial reports are data being printed in the appropriate format. When a transaction is initiated, data are created. When anything happens to that transaction, data are changed or moved or posted. And when it comes time to print the financial reports, data are extracted from the accounting database and assembled for printing. Therefore, data are centric to the system and the financial reports. And if data are centric to the accounting system and financial reports, then it is a logical conclusion that they should be centric to audits. The author discusses how to perform more effective audits by focusing on the data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Process optimization for catalytic glycolysis of post‐consumer PET wastes
Authors: Duque‐Ingunza I. , López‐Fonseca R. , de Rivas B. , Gutiérrez‐Ortiz J. I. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundGlycolysis has been the subject of increased interest as a valuable feedstock recycling for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). However, there are no reports in the technical literature that deal with the design and optimization of the global process.ResultsConversion into bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET) of the non‐glycolyzed solid was feasible, carried out in the presence or absence of fresh PET. The yield varied between 63 and 80%. The monomer was recovered by extraction with hot water followed by crystallization at 4 °C. The optimized H2O:BHET ratio was 6.7 mL g‐1. The EG(ethylene glycol)/H2O mixture was effectively separated by vacuum distillation and EG of 99.6% purity was recovered, which could be used again. Finally, the highly active catalytic role of sodium carbonate salt for glycolysis was evident not only for transparent PET wastes but also for complex wastes.ConclusionsThe recirculation of the solid residue from extraction, the separation of EG/H2O mixture from crystallization and the subsequent refeeding of the organic reactant into the reactor, the minimization of the amount of water to efficiently recover the monomer and the suitability of the chemical recycling of complex PET wastes are operational aspects that significantly increased the global efficiency. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
3D T2‐weighted spin echo imaging in the breast
Authors: Moran Catherine J. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Saranathan Manojkumar , Lipson Jafi A. , Kao Jennifer , Ikeda Debra M. , Daniel Bruce L. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the performance of 2D versus 3D T2‐weighted spin echo imaging in the breast.Materials and Methods2D and 3D T2‐weighted images were acquired in 25 patients as part of a clinically indicated breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exam. Lesion‐to‐fibroglandular tissue signal ratio was measured in 16 identified lesions. Clarity of lesion morphology was assessed through a blinded review by three radiologists. Instances demonstrating the potential diagnostic contribution of 3D versus 2D T2‐weighted imaging in the breast were noted through unblinded review by a fourth radiologist.ResultsThe lesion‐to‐fibroglandular tissue signal ratio was well correlated between 2D and 3D T2‐weighted images (R2 = 0.93). Clarity of lesion morphology was significantly better with 3D T2‐weighted imaging for all observers based on a McNemar test (P ≤ 0.02, P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.03). Instances indicating the potential diagnostic contribution of 3D T2‐weighted imaging included improved depiction of signal intensity and improved alignment between DCE and T2‐weighted findings.ConclusionIn this pilot study, 3D T2‐weighted imaging provided comparable contrast and improved depiction of lesion morphology in the breast in comparison to 2D T2‐weighted imaging. Based on these results further investigation to determine the diagnostic impact of 3D T2‐weighted imaging in breast MRI is warranted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:332–338. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of flip angle on the accuracy and repeatability of hepatic proton density fat fraction estimation by complex data‐based, T1‐independent, T2*‐corrected, spectrum‐modeled MRI
Authors: Johnson Benjamin L. , Schroeder Michael E. , Wolfson Tanya , Gamst Anthony C. , Hamilton Gavin , Shiehmorteza Masoud , Loomba Rohit , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. , Reeder Scott , Middleton Michael S. , Sirlin Claude B. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo evaluate the effect of flip angle (FA) on accuracy and within‐examination repeatability of hepatic proton‐density fat fraction (PDFF) estimation with complex data‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Materials and MethodsPDFF was estimated at 3T in 30 subjects using two sets of five MRI sequences with FA from 1° to 5° in each set. One set used 7 msec repetition time and acquired 6 echoes (TR7/E6); the other used 14 msec and acquired 12 echoes (TR14/E12). For each FA in both sets the accuracy of MRI‐PDFF was assessed relative to MR spectroscopy (MRS)‐PDFF using four regression parameters (slope, intercept, average bias, R2). Each subject had four random sequences repeated; within‐examination repeatability of MRI‐PDFF for each FA was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Pairwise comparisons were made using bootstrap‐based tests.ResultsMost FAs provided high MRI‐PDFF estimation accuracy (intercept range −1.25 to 0.84, slope 0.89–1.06, average bias 0.24–1.65, R2 0.85–0.97). Most comparisons of regression parameters between FAs were not significant. Informally, in the TR7/E6 set, FAs of 2° and 3° provided the highest accuracy, while FAs of 1° and 5° provided the lowest. In the TR14/E12 set, accuracy parameters did not differ consistently between FAs. FAs in both sets provided high within‐examination repeatability (ICC range 0.981–0.998).ConclusionMRI‐PDFF was repeatable and, for most FAs, accurate in both sequence sets. In the TR7/E6 sequence set, FAs of 2° and 3° informally provided the highest accuracy. In the TR14/E12 sequence set, all FAs provided similar accuracy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:440–447. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A single amino acid substitution in viral VP1 protein alters the lytic potential of clone‐derived variants of echovirus 9 DM strain in human pancreatic islets
Authors: Paananen A. , Ylipaasto P. , Smura T. , Lempinen M. , Galama J. , Roivainen M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn vitro studies with primary human pancreatic islets suggest that several enterovirus serotypes are able to infect and replicate in beta cells. Some enterovirus strains are highly cytolytic in vitro whereas others show virus replication with no apparent islet destruction. The capability to induce islet destruction is determined only partially by the virus serotype, since strain specific differences have been detected within some serotypes including echovirus 9 (E‐9). In this study, the viral genetic factors determining the outcome of islet infection (i.e., destructive vs. benign) were investigated by constructing parallel infectious clones of lytic E‐9‐DM strain that was isolated from a small child at the clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. The capabilities of these clone‐derived viruses to induce islet destruction were monitored and the lytic potential of clones was modified by site‐directed mutagenesis. The lytic capabilities of these clone‐derived viruses in human pancreatic islets were modified by a single amino acid substitution (T81A) in the capsid protein VP1. The data presented outline the importance of amino acid point mutations in the pathogenetic process leading to islet necrosis. However, although the amino acid substitution (T81A) modifies the lytic capabilities of E‐9‐DM strain‐derived microvariant strains, it is likely that additional viral genetic determinants of pancreatic islet pathogenicity exist in other E‐9 strains. J. Med. Virol. 85:1267–1273, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanoprecipitation of PMMA Stabilized by Core Cross‐Linked Star Polymers
Authors: Miao Miao , Chen Qijing , Zhang Chunlei , Cao Xueteng , Zhou Wei , Qiu Qian , An Zesheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanoprecipitation of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in the presence of water‐soluble core cross‐linked star (CCS) polymers is investigated. Slowly dropping water into DMF solutions containing PMMA and CCS polymers of varying compositions produces colloidally stable particles with CCS polymers being effectively incorporated. During the solvent‐shifting process, CCS polymers migrate to and concentrate at the particle surface to stabilize the formed particles, which is confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. This stabilizing effect is realized via the steric effect of the CCS polymers adsorbed at the particle surface.
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