bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Diversity in Salmonella from Humans and Cattle, 2004–2011
Authors: Afema J. A. , Mather A. E. , Sischo W. M. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryAnalysis of long‐term anti‐microbial resistance (AMR) data is useful to understand source and transmission dynamics of AMR. We analysed 5124 human clinical isolates from Washington State Department of Health, 391 cattle clinical isolates from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and 1864 non‐clinical isolates from foodborne disease research on dairies in the Pacific Northwest. Isolates were assigned profiles based on phenotypic resistance to 11 anti‐microbials belonging to eight classes. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), Salmonella Newport (SN) and Salmonella Montevideo (SM) were the most common serovars in both humans and cattle. Multinomial logistic regression showed ST and SN from cattle had greater probability of resistance to multiple classes of anti‐microbials than ST and SN from humans (P < 0.0001). While these findings could be consistent with the belief that cattle are a source of resistant ST and SN for people, occurrence of profiles unique to cattle and not observed in temporally related human isolates indicates these profiles are circulating in cattle only. We used various measures to assess AMR diversity, conditional on the weighting of rare versus abundant profiles. AMR profile richness was greater in the common serovars from humans, although both source data sets were dominated by relatively few profiles. The greater profile richness in human Salmonella may be due to greater diversity of sources entering the human population compared to cattle or due to continuous evolution in the human environment. Also, AMR diversity was greater in clinical compared to non‐clinical cattle Salmonella, and this could be due to anti‐microbial selection pressure in diseased cattle that received treatment. The use of bootstrapping techniques showed that although there were shared profiles between humans and cattle, the expected and observed number of profiles was different, suggesting Salmonella and associated resistance from humans and cattle may not be wholly derived from a common population.
Diversification in the Andes: the Atlapetes brush‐finches
Authors: Sánchez‐González Luis A. , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. , Krabbe Niels K. , Fjeldså Jon , García‐Moreno Jaime 
Published: November 2014

With nearly 30 species, the Atlapetes brush‐finches are one of the most species‐rich genera in the New World sparrows (Passerellidae). Atlapetes is mainly distributed in highland forests from Mexico to north‐western Argentina, with a few taxa in the foothills (<1000 m). Species diversity is highest in South America, because of high rates of local replacement but few cases of local co‐occurrence, creating a mosaic of forms with different plumage colours. With the purpose of understanding phylogenetic and environmental determinants of trait evolution, we reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on full ND2 mtDNA sequences, with focus on the core group of Andean Atlapetes species and related outgroups. Phylogenetic relationships revealed that most Andean species are closely related to a geographical neighbour, although these neighbours may often be phenotypically quite different, with yellow‐plumaged species sister to grey‐plumaged taxa. Biogeographic analyses suggest Mesoamerica as the area of origin for Atlapetes, which dispersed through the Panama Isthmus to the eastern Andean slope, then the western Andes and finally the southern Andes. Diversification in the genus was apparently influenced by the glacial cycles that affected the distribution of montane forests in the Neotropics, particularly during the last million years. Phenotypic plumage changes may be associated with ecological conditions, with black dorsum in the wettest areas and a pale dorsum in a group of closely related species in dry environments on the Pacific slope. Local sympatry and ecological segregation presumably does not lead to increased divergence in plumage signals or song.
The response of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter in megavoltage photon and electron beams
Authors: Araki Fujio , Ohno Takeshi 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:This study investigated the response of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RGD) in megavoltage photon and electron beams.Methods:The RGD response was compared with ion chamber measurements for 4–18 MV photons and 6–20 MeV electrons in plastic water phantoms. The response was also calculated via Monte Carlo (MC) simulations with EGSnrc/egs_chamber and Cavity user‐codes, respectively. In addition, the response of the RGD cavity was analyzed as a function of field sizes and depths according to Burlin's general cavity theory. The perturbation correction factor, PQ, in the RGD cavity was also estimated from MC simulations for photon and electron beams.Results:The calculated and measured RGD energy response at reference conditions with a 10 × 10 cm2 field and 10 cm depth in photons was lower by up to 2.5% with increasing energy. The variation in RGD response in the field size range of 5 × 5 cm2 to 20 × 20 cm2 was 3.9% and 0.7%, at 10 cm depth for 4 and 18 MV, respectively. The depth dependence of the RGD response was constant within 1% for energies above 6 MV but it increased by 2.6% and 1.6% for a large (20 × 20 cm2) field at 4 and 6 MV, respectively. The dose contributions from photon interactions (1 − d) in the RGD cavity, according to Burlin's cavity theory, decreased with increasing energy and decreasing field size. The variation in (1 − d) between field sizes became larger with increasing depth for the lower energies of 4 and 6 MV. PQ for the RGD cavity was almost constant between 0.96 and 0.97 at 10 MV energies and above. Meanwhile, PQ depends strongly on field size and depth for 4 and 6 MV photons. In electron beams, the RGD response at a reference depth, dref, varied by less than 1% over the electron energy range but was on average 4% lower than the response for 6 MV photons.Conclusions:The RGD response for photon beams depends on both (1 − d) and perturbation effects in the RGD cavity. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the energy dependence of RGD response by Burlin's theory and it is recommended to directly measure RGD response or use the MC‐calculated RGD response, regarding the practical use. The response for electron beams decreased rapidly at a depth beyond dref for lower mean electron energies <3 MeV and in contrast PQ increased.
Whole-Genome Assemblies of 56
Burkholderia
Species
Authors: Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Broomall S. M. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Gibbons H. S. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Lo C.-C. , Munk C. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Rosenzweig C. N. , Scholz M. B. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Burkholderia
is a genus of betaproteobacteria that includes three notable human pathogens:
B. cepacia
,
B. pseudomallei
, and
B. mallei
. While
B. pseudomallei
and
B. mallei
are considered potential biowarfare agents,
B. cepacia
infections are largely limited to cystic fibrosis patients. Here, we present 56
Burkholderia
genomes from 8 distinct species.
Exploring the Genome of a Butyric Acid Producer, Clostridium butyricum INCQS635
Authors: Bruce Thiago , Leite Fernanda Gomes , Tschoeke Diogo Antonio , Miranda Milene , Pereira Nei , Valle Rogério , Thompson Cristiane C. , Thompson Fabiano L. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Clostridium butyricum
INCQS635 was obtained by means of ion sequencing. The genome provides further insight into the genetic repertoire involved with metabolic pathways related to the fermentation of different compounds and organic solvents synthesis (i.e., butyric acid) with biofuel applications.
EdAl-2 (Educació en Alimentació) programme: reproducibility of a cluster randomised, interventional, primary-school-based study to induce healthier lifestyle activities in children
Authors: Llauradó Elisabet , Tarro Lucia , Moriña David , Queral Rosa , Giralt Montse , Solà Rosa 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the reproducibility of an educational intervention EdAl-2 (Educació enAlimentació) programme in ‘Terres de l'Ebre’ (Spain), over 22 months, to improve lifestyles, including diet and physical activity (PA).DesignReproduction of a cluster randomised controlled trial.SettingTwo semi-rural town-group primary-school clusters were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group.ParticipantsPupils (n=690) of whom 320 constituted the intervention group (1 cluster) and 370 constituted the control group (1 cluster). Ethnicity was 78% Western European. The mean age (±SD) was 8.04±0.6 years (47.7% females) at baseline. Inclusion criteria for clusters were towns from the southern part of Catalonia having a minimum of 500 children aged 7–8 year; complete data for participants, including name, gender, date and place of birth, and written informed consent from parents or guardians.InterventionThe intervention focused on eight lifestyle topics covered in 12 activities (1 h/activity/session) implemented by health promoting agents in the primary school over three academic years.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome was obesity (OB) prevalence and the secondary outcomes were body mass index (BMI) collected every year and dietary habits and lifestyles collected by questionnaires filled in by parents at baseline and end-of-study.ResultsAt 22 months, the OB prevalence and BMI values were similar in intervention and control groups. Relative to children in control schools, the percentage of boys in the intervention group who performed ≥4 after-school PA h/week was 15% higher (p=0.027), whereas the percentage of girls in both groups remained similar. Also, 16.6% more boys in the intervention group watched ≤2 television (TV) h/day (p=0.009), compared to controls; and no changes were observed in girls in both groups.ConclusionsOur school-based intervention is feasible and reproducible by increasing after-school PA (to ≥4 h/week) in boys. Despite this improvement, there was no change in BMI and prevalence of OB.Trial registration number:Clinical TrialsNCT01362023.
Management of chronic neuropathic pain: a protocol for a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Mulla Sohail M , Buckley D Norman , Moulin Dwight E , Couban Rachel , Izhar Zain , Agarwal Arnav , Panju Akbar , Wang Li , Kallyth Sun Makosso , Turan Alparslan , Montori Victor M , Sessler Daniel I , Thabane Lehana , Guyatt Gordon H , Busse Jason W 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionChronic neuropathic pain is associated with reduced health-related quality of life and substantial socioeconomic costs. Current research addressing management of chronic neuropathic pain is limited. No review has evaluated all interventional studies for chronic neuropathic pain, which limits attempts to make inferences regarding the relative effectiveness of treatments.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials evaluating therapies for chronic neuropathic pain. We will identify eligible trials, in any language, by a systematic search of CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, AMED, HealthSTAR, DARE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Eligible trials will be: (1) enrol patients presenting with chronic neuropathic pain, and (2) randomise patients to alternative interventions (pharmacological or non-pharmacological) or an intervention and a control arm. Pairs of reviewers will, independently and in duplicate, screen titles and abstracts of identified citations, review the full texts of potentially eligible trials and extract information from eligible trials. We will use a modified Cochrane instrument to evaluate risk of bias of eligible studies, recommendations from the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT) to inform the outcomes we will collect, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to evaluate our confidence in treatment effects. When possible, we will conduct: (1) in direct comparisons, a random-effects meta-analysis to establish the effect of reported therapies on patient-important outcomes; and (2) a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework to assess the relative effects of treatments. We will define a priori hypotheses to explain heterogeneity between studies, and conduct meta-regression and subgroup analyses consistent with the current best practices.Ethics and DisseminationWe do not require ethics approval for our proposed review. We will disseminate our findings through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberPROSPERO (CRD42014009212).
Dark matter halo as the dispersional gravitational lens
Authors: Chechin L. M. 
Published: November 2014

Based on the time-variability of the dark matter (DM) parameter of state (PoS) type of [Formula: see text], the conception of dispersional gravitational lens (DGL) was proposed. The dependency of refractive index of DM halo on its own global oscillations was found. It was shown that DM does not oscillate with optical or ultraviolet and X-ray diapasons, but it may oscillate with essentially low frequency — ϖ DM ≥10-15 Hz . Hence, it is possible to talk about the ultra weak DM oscillations, and the very cold dark matter (VCDM) particles whose masses are larger than m VCDM ≥10-42 eV . It was marked briefly that DM global oscillations will gradually pump with elastic energy the galaxy's baryonic matter. Hence, they may be the real reason of its subsequent fragmentation and the inner galaxy structure formation.
Platelet function testing in acute cardiac care – is there a role for prediction or prevention of stent thrombosis and bleeding?
Authors: Collet Jean-Philippe , Mair Johannes , Plebani Mario , Merkely Béla , Jaffe Allan S. , Möckel Martin , Giannitsis Evangelos , Thygesen Kristian , ten Berg Jurrien M. , Mueller Christian , Storey Robert F. , Lindahl Bertil , Huber Kurt , Aradi Dániel 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe role of platelet function testing in acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remains controversial despite the fact that high platelet reactivity is an independent predictor of stent thrombosis and emerging evidence suggests also a link between low platelet reactivity and bleeding. In this expert opinion paper, the Study Group on Biomarkers in Cardiology of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association and the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology aim to provide an overview of current evidence in this area and recommendations for practicing clinicians.
Gastric bypass in morbid obese patients is associated with reduction in adipose tissue inflammation via N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA)-mediated pathways
Authors: Quercioli Alessandra , Burger Fabienne , Thomas Aurélien , Lauer Estelle , Silva Analina Raquel da , Mach François , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Bobbioni-Harsch Elisabetta , Golay Alain , Montecucco Fabrizio , Lenglet Sébastien , Schindler Thomas H. , Pataky Zoltan 
Published: November 2014

SummaryParadoxically, morbid obesity was suggested to protect from cardiovascular co-morbidities as compared to overweight/obese patients. We hypothesise that this paradox could be inferred to modulation ofthe “endocannabinoid” system on systemic and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) inflammation. We designed a translational project including clinical and in vitro studies at Geneva University Hospital. Morbid obese subjects (n=11) were submitted to gastric bypass surgery (GBS) and followed up for one year (post-GBS). Insulin resistance and circulating and SAT levels of endocannabinoids, adipocytokines and CC chemokines were assessed pre- and post-GBS and compared to a control group of normal and overweight subjects (CTL) (n=20). In vitro cultures with 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used to validate findings from clinical results. Morbid obese subjects had baseline lower insulin sensitivity and higher hs-CRP, leptin, CCL5 and anandamide (AEA) levels as compared to CTL. GBS induced a massive weight and fat mass loss, improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile, decreased C-reactive protein, leptin, and CCL2 levels. In SAT, increased expression of resistin, CCL2, CCL5 and tumour necrosis factor and reduced MGLL were shown in morbid obese patients pre-GBS when compared to CTL. GBS increased all endocannabinoids and reduced adipocytokines and CC chemokines. In morbid obese SAT, inverse correlations independent of body mass index were shown between palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA) levels and inflammatory molecules. In vitro, OEA inhibited CCL2 secretion from adipocytes via ERK1/2 activation. In conclusion, GBS was associated with relevant clinical, metabolic and inflammatory improvements, increasing endocannabinoid levels in SAT. OEA directly reduced CCL2 secretion via ERK1/2 activation in adipocytes.
Effect of Weight Loss on Pulse Wave Velocity
Authors: Petersen Kristina S. , Blanch Natalie , Keogh Jennifer B. , Clifton Peter M. 
Published: November 2014

Objective—
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials involving adults, to determine the effect of weight loss induced by energy restriction with or without exercise, antiobesity drugs or bariatric surgery on pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured at all arterial segments.

Approach and Results—

A systematic search of Pubmed (1966 to 2014), EMBASE (1947 to 2014), MEDLINE (1946 to 2014), and the Cochrane Library (1951 to 2014) was conducted and the reference lists of identified articles were searched to find intervention trials (randomized/nonrandomized) that aimed to achieve weight loss and included PWV as an outcome. The search was restricted to human studies. Two independent researchers extracted the data. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta Analysis version 2 using random effects analysis. A total of 22 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 20 studies (3 randomized controlled trials), involving 1259 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The standardized mean difference for the overall effect of weight loss on PWV measured at all sites was −0.32 (95% confidence interval, −0.41, −0.24;
P
=0.0001). Carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (standardized mean difference, −0.35; 95% confidence interval, −0.44, −0.26;
P
=0.0001; 16 studies) and brachial ankle PWV (standardized mean difference, −0.48; 95% confidence interval, −0.78, −0.18;
P
=0.002; 5 studies) were improved with weight loss. Meta-regression showed that change in blood pressure was a predictor of change in PWV (
P
<0.01).

Conclusion—
Modest weight loss (mean 8% of initial body weight) achieved with diet and lifestyle measures improved PWV. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that weight loss may reduce PWV, although future research is required.
Detection and Attribution of Climate Change Signal in Ocean Wind Waves
Authors: Dobrynin Mikhail , Murawski Jens , Baehr Johanna , Ilyina Tatiana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Surface waves in the ocean respond to variability and changes of climate. Observations and modeling studies indicate trends in wave height over the past decades. Nevertheless, it is currently impossible to discern whether these trends are the result of climate variability or change. The output of an Earth system model (EC-EARTH) produced within phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used here to force a global Wave Model (WAM) in order to study the response of waves to different climate regimes. A control simulation was run to determine the natural (unforced) model variability. A simplified fingerprint approach was used to calculate positive and negative limits of natural variability for wind speed and significant wave height, which were then compared to different (forced) climate regimes over the historical period (1850–2010) and in the future climate change scenario RCP8.5 (2010–2100). Detectable climate change signals were found in the current decade (2010–20) in the North Atlantic, equatorial Pacific, and Southern Ocean. Until the year 2060, climate change signals are detectable in 60% of the global ocean area. The authors show that climate change acts to generate detectable trends in wind speed and significant wave height that exceed the positive and the negative ranges of natural variability in different regions of the ocean. Moreover, in more than 3% of the ocean area, the climate change signal is reversible such that trends exceeded both positive and negative limits of natural variability at different points in time. These changes are attributed to local (due to local wind) and remote (due to swell) factors.
Amyloid-beta and depression in healthy older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Harrington Karra D , Lim Yen Ying , Gould Emma , Maruff Paul 
Published: November 2014

Objective: Depression has been shown to be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and in older adults may provide a marker for the beginning of the prodromal phase of AD. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the relationship between amyloid-β (Aβ), a key biomarker of AD, and depression in older adults. Method: The literature search was limited to studies conducted from 2006 to 2014 that were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were selected if they included a group of older adults who either met established criteria for Major Depressive Disorder or Dysthymia; or were assessed for depressive symptoms on a standardised measure. Studies were also required to include an outcome variable that was a direct measure of Aβ levels in either blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, or via neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET). Results: Nineteen studies were identified, 15 of which found significant differences in Aβ levels between depressed and non-depressed older adults. However, studies were limited by their cross-sectional design, reliance on blood-based measures of Aβ, and potential sample bias. Conclusions: Future investigations should consider prospective longitudinal design using neuroimaging and CSF measures of Aβ.