bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of a Single Session of Whole-Body Vibration Training in Recreationally Active Men on the Excitability of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Chmielewska Daria , Piecha Magdalena , Blaszczak Edward , Król Piotr , Smykla Agnieszka , Juras Grzegorz 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Vibration training has become a popular method used in professional sports and recreation. In this study, we examined the effect of whole-body vibration training on the central nervous system and muscle excitability in a group of 28 active men. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of two experimental groups with different variables of vibrations. The chronaximetry method was used to evaluate the effect of a single session of whole-body vibration training on the excitability of the rectus femoris and brachioradialis muscles. The examination of the fusing and flickering frequencies of the light stimulus was performed. An increase in the excitability of the quadriceps femoris muscle due to low intensity vibrations (20 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude) was noted, and a return to the initial values was observed 30 min after the application of vibration. High intensity vibrations (60 Hz frequency, 4 mm amplitude) caused elongations of the chronaxy time; however, these differences were not statistically significant. Neither a low intensity vibration amplitude of 2 mm (frequency of 20 Hz) nor a high intensity vibration amplitude of 4 mm (frequency of 60 Hz) caused a change in the excitability of the central nervous system, as revealed by the average frequency of the fusing and flickering of the light stimulus. A single session of high intensity whole-body vibration did not significantly decrease the excitability of the peripheral nervous system while the central nervous system did not seem to be affected.
Knowledge of Errors in the Teaching-Learning Process of Judo-Techniques: Osoto-Guruma as a Case Study
Authors: Prieto Iván , Gutiérrez-Santiago Alfonso , Lage Miguel Ángel Prieto 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The aim of this article was to suggest some changes in the teaching-learning process methodology of the judo osoto-guruma technique, establishing the action sequences and the most frequent technical errors committed when performing them. The study was carried out with the participation of 45 students with no experience regarding the fundamentals of judo (21 men and 24 women; age=24.02±3.98 years old) from the Bachelor of Science of Physical Activity and Sport Science at the University of Vigo. The proceeding consisted of a systematic observation of a video recording registered during the technique execution. Data obtained were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and sequential analysis of T-Patterns (obtained with THEME v.5. Software), identifying: a) the presence of typical inaccuracies during the technique performance; b) a number of chained errors affecting body balance, the position of the supporting foot, the blocking action and the final action of the arms. Findings allowed to suggest some motor tasks to correct the identified inaccuracies, the proper sequential actions to make the execution more effective and some recommendations for the use of feedback. Moreover, these findings could be useful for other professionals in order to correct the key technical errors and prevent diverse injuries.
Soft-sediment deformation structures in seismically affected deep-sea Miocene turbidites (Cilento Basin, southern Italy)
Authors: Valente Alessio , Ślączka Andrzej , Cavuoto Giuseppe 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) are widespread in the upper part of the S. Mauro Formation (Cilento Group, Middle-Late Miocene). The succession is represented mainly by thick and very thick, massive, coarse-grained sandstones, deposited by rapid sedimentation of high-density turbidity currents. The most common SSDS are short pillars, dishes, sedimentary sills and convolutions. They occur mostly in the upper parts of sandstone beds. Vertical tubes of 4-5 cm in diameter and up to 50 cm long constitute the most striking structures. They begin in the middle part of sandstone beds, which are basically massive or contain faint dish structures. These tubes can bifurcate upwards and/ or pass into bedding-parallel veins or dikes. The vertical tubes sometimes form sand volcanoes on the then sedimentary surface.
The SSDS are interpreted as the result of earthquake-triggered liquefaction and/or fluidisation of the turbidites that were affected by the seismic shocks. This implies that the deformed layers should be considered as seismites.
Characteristics of the Respiratory Muscle Strength of Women and Men at Different Training Levels
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Zubik łukasz , Długołęcka Barbara , Charmas Małgorzata 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
. The objective of the study was to determine the maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) of highly trained male and female athletes competing in endurance sports and of non-training students of both sexes. Analysis was conducted of the dependence of PImax levels on somatic indices and training experience. The reproducibility of the method for measuring PImax index was determined.
Material and methods
. The study examined a total of 234 training and non-training individuals (78 women and 156 men). The test subjects were measured for PImax, as well as inspiratory time, active time, passive time and diaphragm relaxation time. A group of 59 women and men (training and non-training) were tested a second time within 5-7 days of the first test to determine the reproducibility of the PImax measurements.
Results and conclusion
. The measurements were found to be highly reproducible (between the first and second tests no statistically significant differences were found, all spirometric indices included in the study were shown to demonstrate a significant correlation, and total error for all of the analyzed indexes was between 11.1 and 24.3%). Reference ranges for PImax were determined for women and men at different training levels. PImax was shown to have a positive dependence on somatic indices characterizing male and female body mass.
“I Feel a Deep Sense of Responsibility for the People we have Hurt…” – Explicit Stance Attribution in Crisis Communication Contested
Authors: Rachfał Edyta 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The theme of crisis, and consequently of crisis response, has been extensively studied within the disciplines of crisis communication (see Rachfał (2013a) for an overview of crisis communication as an independent academic discipline and its place among other allied sub-disciplines of public relations) and public relations with the aim of protecting organisations or reducing the damage caused by a crisis episode (Fediuk, Pace and Botero, 2010). Nowadays, with the growing recognition of crisis response as persuasive communication there is a need for an interdisciplinary approach which would help researchers understand the effects that crisis messages have on the perceptions and behaviours of stakeholders. Therefore, this paper seeks to bridge the aforementioned disciplines and examines crisis from the perspective of linguistics. Thus, it analyses grammatical stance-marking devices (Biber, et al., 1999), which might provide insights into how speakers manipulate linguistic resources for persuasive purposes. The paper focuses on explicit stance attribution and explores how the first-person plural pronoun we is used in crisis response to alter the stakeholders’ perceptions concerning people and events. The analysis draws on statements issued in 2011 by people in top public positions in the wake of the phone-hacking scandal at the News of the World.
Deltex1 Promotes Protein Kinase Cθ Degradation and Sustains Casitas B-Lineage Lymphoma Expression
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Sheng , Hsiao Huey-Wen , Wu Pei-Jung , Liu Wen-Hsien , Lai Ming-Zong 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The generation of T cell anergy is associated with upregulation of ubiquitin E3 ligases including Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl-b), Itch, gene related to anergy in lymphocyte, and deltex1 (DTX1). These E3 ligases attenuate T cell activation by targeting to signaling molecules. For example, Cbl-b and Itch promote the degradation of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) and phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) in anergic Th1 cells. How these anergy-associated E3 ligases coordinate during T cell anergy remains largely unknown. In the current study, we found that PKCθ and PLC-γ1 are also downregulated by DTX1. DTX1 interacted with PKCθ and PLC-γ1 and stimulated the degradation of PKCθ and PLC-γ1. T cell anergy–induced proteolysis of PKCθ was prevented in Dtx1−/− T cells, supporting the essential role of DTX1 in PKCθ downregulation. Similar to Cbl-b and Itch, DTX1 promoted monoubiquitination of PKCθ. Proteasome inhibitor did not inhibit DTX1-directed PKCθ degradation, but instead DTX1 directed the relocalization of PKCθ into the lysosomal pathway. In addition, DTX1 interacted with Cbl-b and increased the protein levels of Cbl-b. We further demonstrated the possibility that, through the downregulation of PKCθ, DTX1 prevented PKCθ-induced Cbl-b degradation and increased Cbl-b protein stability. Our results suggest the coordination between E3 ligases during T cell anergy; DTX1 acts with Cbl-b to assure a more extensive silencing of PKCθ, whereas DTX1-mediated PKCθ degradation further stabilizes Cbl-b.
Impact of Global Health Experiences During Residency on Graduate Practice Location: A Multisite Cohort Study
Authors: Liaw Winston , Bazemore Andrew , Xierali Imam , Walden John , Diller Philip 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
The impact of global health experiences on practice location is not clear.

Objective
We studied whether participants in global health tracks (GHTs) and global health electives (GHEs) were more likely to practice in underserved areas.

Methods
Our study used the 2010 American Medical Association Masterfile to evaluate the practice location of 999 graduates (1980–2009) from 5 family medicine programs. The variable of interest was participation in a GHT or GHE. Outcome measures were percentage of graduates practicing in (1) health professional shortage areas, (2) medically underserved areas or populations, (3) rural areas, (4) areas of dense poverty, and (5) any rural or underserved area. We also examined whether availability of a GHT or GHE in the program affected nonparticipants' practice location.

Results
Sixty-four percent (112 of 174) of participants practiced in areas of dense poverty compared with 56% (463 of 825) of nonparticipants (P  =  .04). Those graduating after GHT implementation were more likely to practice in a rural or underserved area compared with those graduating before implementation. After controlling for potential confounders, GHT participants were not more likely to work in an underserved area.

Conclusions
Graduates of programs with global health experiences were more likely to practice in an underserved or rural area. Making these experiences available may affect participants and nonparticipants.
Redefining Quality in Medical Education Research: A Consumer's View
Authors: Sullivan Gail M. , Simpson Deborah , Cook David A. , DeIorio Nicole M. , Andolsek Kathryn , Opas Lawrence , Philibert Ingrid , Yarris Lalena M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Despite an explosion of medical education research and publications, it is not known how medical educator consumers decide what to read or apply in their practice.

Objective
To determine how consumers of medical education research define quality and value.

Methods
Journal of Graduate Medical Education editors performed a literature search to identify articles on medical education research quality published between 2000 and 2013, surveyed medical educators for their criteria for judging quality, and led a consensus-building workshop at a 2013 Association of American Medical Colleges meeting to further explore how users defined quality in education research. The workshop used standard consensus-building techniques to reach concept saturation. Attendees then voted for the 3 concepts they valued most in medical education research.

Results
The 110 survey responses generated a list of 37 overlapping features in 10 categories considered important aspects of quality. The literature search yielded 27 articles, including quality indexes, systematic and narrative reviews, and commentaries. Thirty-two participants, 12 facilitators, and 1 expert observer attended the workshop. Participants endorsed the following features of education research as being most valuable: (1) provocative, novel, or challenged established thinking; (2) adhered to sound research principles; (3) relevant to practice, role, or needs; (4) feasible, practical application in real-world settings; and (5) connection to a conceptual framework.

Conclusions
Medical educators placed high value on rigorous methods and conceptual frameworks, consistent with published quality indexes. They also valued innovative or provocative work, feasibility, and applicability to their setting. End-user opinions of quality may illuminate how educators translate knowledge into practice.
Dense shelf water production in the Adélie Depression, East Antarctica, 2004–2012: Impact of the Mertz Glacier calving
Authors: Lacarra Maité , Houssais Marie‐Noëlle , Herbaut Christophe , Sultan Emmanuelle , Beauverger Mickael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSummer repeated hydrographic surveys and 4 years of mooring observations are used to characterize for the first time the interannual variability of the bottom water in the Mertz Glacier Polynya (MGP) on the East Antarctic shelf (142°E–146°E). Until 2010, large interannual variability was observed in the summer bottom salinity with year‐to‐year changes reaching 0.12 in Commonwealth Bay, the region with the highest sea ice production. The summer variability was shown to be linked to the efficiency of the convection during the preceding winter. The recent freshening of the bottom waters subsequent to the Mertz Glacier calving was well beyond the range of the precalving interannual variability. Within 2 years after the event, the bottom water of the shelf became too light to possibly contribute to renewal of the Antarctic Bottom Water. Rough estimates of the freshwater budget of the Adélie Depression indicate that the freshening necessary to compensate for net sea ice production in the MGP did not change drastically after the Mertz calving. The year‐to‐year salinity changes appeared to respond to the MGP activity. Yet, prior to the calving, the convective system in the polynya was also partly controlled by the late winter bottom salinity through a mechanism leading to a sequence of alternatively fresher and more saline bottom waters over the period 2007–2010. Exceptional events like the Mertz calving seem to be able to switch over the system into a less stratified state where convection responds more directly to changes in the surface forcing.
Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins: The effects of equifinality and parameter set selection on uncertainty in regionalization approaches
Authors: Arsenault Richard , Brissette François P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper focuses on evaluating the uncertainty of three common regionalization methods for predicting continuous streamflow in ungauged basins. A set of 268 basins covering 1.6 million km2 in the province of Quebec was used to test the regionalization strategies. The multiple linear regression, spatial proximity, and physical similarity approaches were evaluated on the catchments using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation scheme. The lumped conceptual HSAMI hydrological model was used throughout the study. A bootstrapping method was chosen to further estimate uncertainty due to parameter set selection for each of the parameter set/regionalization method pairs. Results show that parameter set selection can play an important role in regionalization method performance depending on the regionalization methods (and their variants) used and that equifinality does not contribute significantly to the overall uncertainty witnessed throughout the regionalization methods applications. Regression methods fail to consistently assign behavioral parameter sets to the pseudoungauged basins (i.e., the ones left out). Spatial proximity and physical similarity score better, the latter being the best. It is also shown that combining either physical similarity or spatial proximity with the multiple linear regression method can lead to an even more successful prediction rate. However, even the best methods were shown to be unreliable to an extent, as successful prediction rates never surpass 75%. Finally, this paper shows that the selection of catchment descriptors is crucial to the regionalization strategies' performance and that for the HSAMI model, the optimal number of donor catchments for transferred parameter sets lies between four and seven.
A mechanism for future changes in Hadley circulation strength in CMIP5 climate change simulations
Authors: Seo Kyong‐Hwan , Frierson Dargan M. W. , Son Jun‐Hyeok 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) 21st century climate change simulations exhibit a robust (slight) weakening of the Hadley cell (HC) during the boreal winter (summer, respectively) season in the future climate. Using 30 different coupled model simulations, we investigate the main mechanisms for both the multimodel ensemble mean changes in the HC strength and its intermodel changes in response to global warming during these seasons. A simple scaling analysis relates the strength of the HC to three factors: the meridional potential temperature gradient, gross static stability, and tropopause height. We found that changes in the meridional potential temperature gradients across the subtropics in a warming climate play a crucial role in the ensemble mean changes and model‐to‐model variations in the HC strength for both seasons. A larger reduction in the meridional temperature gradient in the Northern Hemisphere in boreal winter leads to the larger reduction of the HC strength in that season.
A sensitivity analysis of cloud properties to CLUBB parameters in the single‐column Community Atmosphere Model (SCAM5)
Authors: Guo Zhun , Wang Minghuai , Qian Yun , Larson Vincent E. , Ghan Steven , Ovchinnikov Mikhail , Bogenschutz Peter A. , Zhao Chun , Lin Guang , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the sensitivity of simulated shallow cumulus and stratocumulus to selected tunable parameters of Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) in the single‐column version of Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (SCAM5). A quasi‐Monte Carlo (QMC) sampling approach is adopted to effectively explore the high‐dimensional parameter space and a generalized linear model is adopted to study the responses of simulated cloud fields to tunable parameters. One stratocumulus and two shallow cumulus cases are configured at both coarse and fine vertical resolutions in this study. Our results show that most of the variance in simulated cloud fields can be explained by a small number of tunable parameters. The parameters related to Newtonian and buoyancy‐damping terms of total water flux are found to be the most influential parameters for stratocumulus. For shallow cumulus, the most influential parameters are those related to skewness of vertical velocity, reflecting the strong coupling between cloud properties and dynamics in this regime. The influential parameters in the stratocumulus case are sensitive to the vertical resolution while little sensitivity is found for the shallow cumulus cases, as eddy mixing length (or dissipation time scale) plays a more important role and depends more strongly on the vertical resolution in stratocumulus than in shallow convections. The influential parameters remain almost unchanged when the number of tunable parameters increases from 16 to 35. This study improves understanding of the CLUBB behavior associated with parameter uncertainties and provides valuable insights for other high‐order turbulence closure schemes.
Human Protein Kinase CK2 Phosphorylates Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and Inhibits its Activity
Authors: Filipiak Kamila , Kubiński Konrad , Hellman Ulf , Ramos Ana , de Pascual‐Teresa Beatriz 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) is involved in cancer development and is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors. MMP‐2 activity is controlled mainly by transcription, proteolytic activation, and inhibition by endogenous inhibitors. It had previously been demonstrated that MMP‐2 activity is also regulated by phosphorylation at several sites by protein kinase C. Here we demonstrate, by means of bioinformatics and biochemical and cellular assays, that protein kinase CK2 also acts as a modulator of MMP‐2 activity. CK2 down‐regulates MMP‐2 in vitro, and inhibition of CK2 in human fibrosarcoma cells results in up‐regulation of MMP‐2. The discovery of the crosstalk between MMP‐2 and CK2 opens the possibility of new combined anticancer therapies.
Capacity Enhancement and Discharge Mechanisms of Room‐Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yu Xingwen , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA strategy for capacity and cyclability enhancement of room‐temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries is reported by inserting a nanostructured, carbon‐based interlayer between the sulfur cathode and the separator. The interlayer localizes the soluble polysulfide species and prevents its migration to the sodium anode. Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterizations along with thermodynamic analyses indicate that the charge/discharge of the Na–S cell involves complicated transition processes through a series of long‐chain (Na2Sn, 4≤n≤8) and short‐chain (Na2Sn, 1≤n<4) sodium‐polysulfide intermediates. The results obtained in this work show that the cell can provide a remarkable capacity of 400 Ah kg−1 and an energy density of 720 Wh kg−1 (based on the sulfur cathode) after 20 cycles.
Formation of One‐Dimensional Helical Columns and Excimerlike Excited States by Racemic Quinoxaline‐Fused [7]Carbohelicenes in the Crystal
Authors: Sakai Hayato , Shinto Sho , Araki Yasuyuki , Wada Takehiko , Sakanoue Tomo , Takenobu Taishi , Hasobe Taku 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA series of quinoxaline‐fused [7]carbohelicenes (HeQu derivatives) was designed and synthesized to evaluate their structural and photophysical properties in the crystal state. The quinoxaline units were expected to enhance the light‐emitting properties and to control the packing structures in the crystal. The electrochemical and spectroscopic properties and excited‐state dynamics of these compounds were investigated in detail. The first oxidation potentials of HeQu derivatives are approximately the same as that of unsubstituted reference [7]carbohelicene (Heli), whereas their first reduction potentials are shifted to the positive by about 0.7 V. The steady‐state absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectra also became redshifted compared to those of Heli. The molecular orbitals and energy levels of the HOMO and LUMO states, calculated by DFT methods, support these trends. Moreover, the absolute fluorescence quantum yields of HeQu derivatives are about four times larger than that of Heli. The structural properties of the aggregated states were analyzed by single‐crystal analysis. Introduction of appropriate substituents (i.e., 4‐methoxyphenyl) in the HeQu unit enabled the construction of one‐dimensional helical columns of racemic HeQu derivatives in the crystal state. Helix formation is based on intracolumn π‐stacking between two neighboring [7]carbohelicenes and intercolumn CH⋅⋅⋅N interaction between a nitrogen atom of a quinoxaline unit and a hydrogen atom of a helicene unit. The time‐resolved fluorescence spectra of single crystals clearly showed an excimerlike delocalized excited state owing to the short distance between neighboring [7]carbohelicene units.