bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Consideration of the Direct Removal of Oxygen from Titanium by Utilizing Metallothermic Reduction of Rare Earth Metal Halides
Authors: Okabe Toru H. , Kamimura Gen , Ouchi Takanari 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs the demand for titanium (Ti) continues to grow, so too does the use of Ti scrap, underscoring the need for innovative techniques for the efficient removal of oxygen (O) impurities from Ti scrap. Despite the immense challenge of directly removing oxygen from Ti–O solid solutions and the current lack of industrially applicable deoxidation methods, the current work explores a groundbreaking approach to address this issue. The thermodynamic analysis of a new technique for eliminating oxygen dissolved in solid Ti was conducted, leveraging the deoxidation properties of rare earth metals (REMs) such as Sc, Y, and La. This cutting-edge method relies on the in-situ production of REMs through the metallothermic reduction of REM halides. It was shown that Sc or Y metal can be synthesized via the reduction of ScCl3 by Mg or YCl3 by Li or Na, respectively. Ti with oxygen concentrations below 100 mass ppm can be obtained by leveraging the deoxidation properties of the Sc and Y metals produced in situ during the metallothermic reduction process, which contribute to deoxidation through their subsequent oxychloride-forming reactions. Employing REM halides in tandem with Li, Na, and Mg enables the efficient removal of oxygen impurities from Ti, even though these reactive metals have only weak deoxidation properties for Ti on their own. Remarkably, the proposed technique achieves oxygen concentrations significantly lower than those obtained using Ca metal as a deoxidant. In the future, this pioneering deoxidation method could be used to reduce CO2 emissions and energy consumption during Ti production while promoting resource circulation as a key technology for Ti recycling.
Advancing climate resilience through a geo-design framework: strengthening urban and community forestry for sustainable environmental design
Authors: Shen Xiwei , Chen Mingze , Li Xiaowei , Gao Shu , Yang Qiuyi , Wen Yuhan , Sun Qingqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUrban and community forestry is a specialized discipline focused on the meticulous management of trees and forests within urban, suburban, and town environments. This field often entails extensive civic involvement and collaborative partnerships with institutions. Its overarching objectives span a spectrum from preserving water quality, habitat, and biodiversity to mitigating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The UHI phenomenon, characterized by notably higher temperatures in urban areas compared to rural counterparts due to heat absorption by urban infrastructure and limited urban forest coverage, serves as a focal point in this study. The study focuses on developing a methodological framework that integrates Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Random Forest (RF), and Suitability Analysis to assess the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect across different urban zones, aiming to identify areas with varying levels of UHI impact. The framework is designed to assist urban planners and designers in understanding the spatial distribution of UHI and identifying areas where urban forestry initiatives can be strategically implemented to mitigate its effect. Conducted in various London areas, the research provides a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationship between urban and community forestry and UHI. By mapping the spatial variability of UHI, the framework offers a novel approach to enhancing urban environmental design and advancing urban forestry studies. The study’s findings are expected to provide valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers, aiding in creating healthier and more livable urban environments through informed decision-making in urban forestry management.
Glycemic Marker Correlation with Collagen Denaturation and Non-Enzymatic Collagen Cross-Linking in Age-Associated Bone Resistance
Authors: Rosenberg James , Sundaresh Vishnu , Gililland Jeremy , Osman Afaf , Woolley William , Acevedo Claire 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe primary clinical indicator of fracture risk among the elderly is low bone mass, yet it accounts for less than half of fractures in individuals over 50 years. Age is recognized to influence bone quality, affecting bone structure and properties. Previous research indicates that age diminishes tissue plasticity and toughness conferred by collagen, suggesting that age-related changes in the collagen environment may contribute to bone fragility. This study explores the relationship between age-related collagen impairment, specifically the accumulation of non-enzymatic collagen cross-linking and molecular collagen denaturation, and bone toughness in middle-aged and older patients (postmenopausal 50–70 years old and senile osteoporosis age > 70 years old). Additionally, it examines the influence of blood glucose and HbA1c levels, as well as body mass index (BMI), on these factors. Despite not finding any differences in fracture toughness between groups, we found a significant correlation between hemoglobin A1c and collagen integrity (collagen denaturation and non-enzymatic cross-linking).
Investigation of thermolabile particles for debonding on demand in fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Senneka Lea , Haag Markus , Aigner Katharina N. , Gries Thomas , Strube Oliver I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) are essential for lightweight design and are manufactured in high quantities. Since there is no suitable method for recycling, the GFRP are mostly grinded and used as filler at end of life. In this work, the well-known principle of debonding on demand is considered to enable feasible and value-retaining separation of glass fibers from the polymeric matrix. To this end, gas-releasing thermo-responsive substances (TRS) like carboxylic or amino acids are introduced to the composite to investigate their potential for causing delamination after heating. To promote sufficient fiber/matrix adhesion, the TRS are encapsulated with silica or immobilized on magnetite particles. Furthermore, the immobilization synthesis is scaled up by using a custom-made continuous flow reactor. Finally, a new sizing mixed for glass fiber spinning, containing the particles, is formulated. The experiments reveal that a maximum of 0.5 wt.% particles can be used in the sizing to coat the fibers. Although all tested samples show a significant organic functionalization, the particles functionalized with TRS do not trigger sufficient delamination at the current state of development.
On the effect of deformation conditions on the metal flow behavior during upsetting process using finite element simulation DEFORM 3D software
Authors: Obiko Japheth , Shongwe Mxolisi Brendon , Malatji Nicholus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study reports on the metal flow behaviour during upsetting or forging using the finite element method. Forging simulation studied the metal flow behaviour of a laboratory-sized specimen and a cylindrical engine connecting rod specimen of AISI 52100 high-chromium steel specified in the software database. The focus was to study the effect of deformation conditions (temperature and die velocity) on metal flow behaviour during forging. The simulation results showed heterogeneous metal flow behaviour during forging. Hence, this indicates that effective flow stress and flow strain, particle flow velocity, effective strain rate, damage and temperature distribution exhibited inhomogeneous deformation behaviour. As the temperature increased, the forging load decreased, thus a decrease in deformation resistance. The simulation of the engine connecting rod further confirmed inhomogeneous deformation during forging. Damage coefficient results show that the crack pin end had a higher damage probability during forging. This study clearly showed that finite element simulation can predict metal flow behaviour during the forging of AISI 52100 steel. The study output provides a basis for analysing and optimising most industrial metal forming processes using a numerical simulation approach. Hence, this method is effective in predicting flow behaviour.
Spontaneous, sub-acute right lung torsion: a case report
Authors: de La Bourdonnaye Calixte , Mauduit Marion , Rouze Simon , de Latour Bertrand Richard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lung volvulus is a rare occurrence and is most commonly seen after thoracic surgery or trauma. They are generally associated with a long, thin hilum, with no parenchymal bridge between the lobes. In non-postoperative situations, pleural effusion or pneumothorax would appear to be mandatory. Spontaneous volvuli are not described, especially sub-acutely. We report the case of a patient with an apparently spontaneous lung volvulus. He presented with long prodromal symptoms of haemoptysis and increasing cough. The computed tomography scan showed a complete volvulus of the right lung with signs of non-perfusion of the upper and middle lobes. The patient was successfully treated with volvulus reduction and bi-lobectomy. Torsion is classically known to thoracic surgeons, but is rarely encountered by other specialists. We describe here a sub-acute lung volvulus, apparently spontaneous, easily treated by a simple surgical procedure.
Primary Non-Inversion Shallow Tillage Versus Moldboard Plowing Prior to Growing Potatoes: Short-Term Impacts on Potato Yield and Soil Properties in Eastern Canada
Authors: Nyiraneza Judith , Fraser Tandra D. , Murnaghan Danielle , Matheson Jessica , Arnold Stephanie , Stiles Kyra , Chen Dahu , Peters Rick , Khakbazan Mohammad , Barrett Ryan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production often requires intensive tillage with the moldboard plow (MP), which involves deeper soil tillage and turning of the soil to provide enough loose soil for proper tuberization. Although tillage with the MP allows better potato seedbed preparation and lower weed pressure, it is also associated with increased soil compaction, soil aggregate destruction, and increased soil organic matter (SOM) mineralization. The objective of this four-year (2019–2022) study conducted in 14 commercial fields was to compare the use of MP with primary non-inversion shallow tillage (ST) in terms of their effect on selected soil health indicators, soil moisture, potato petiole nitrate concentration, potato yield, and specific gravity. Commercial fields ranged from 1.5 ha to 19 ha where the main field was split in half, with one side tilled using MP (22.5–30 cm plowing depth) and the other half using ST (15–30 cm plowing depth). Soil and plant tissue samples were taken within four sub-replicates (91 m2) created per each treatment per each site and three to four sites were used as replicates per each year. Compared to MP, ST increased active carbon by an average of 9%, soil respiration by an average of 26%, and aggregate stability by an average of 8%. Biological N availability (BNA) increased by an average of 20% with ST, and the effect was statistically significant in three out of four years. Soil moisture at 20 cm depth tended to be higher with MP than ST in three out of four years. Although not statistically significant, when averaged across four years, potato petiole nitrate concentrations were 5% and 12% higher with ST than MP in samples collected at the flowering and post-potato flowering stages, respectively. Total and marketable potato yields, along with specific gravity, were comparable for the two tillage regimes. Signs of soil improvement were observed at the early stages of ST adoption. Marketable yield was negatively correlated with the soil nitrate levels measured during the growing season but was positively correlated with active carbon, aggregate stability, and soil moisture. Future studies could compare both tillage regimes over multiple growing seasons to assess their impacts over a full cycle of rotation. The novelty of the present study was that it was conducted in real-life conditions across large growers’ fields with different conditions and across four years.
Assessing Completeness of IoT Data: A Novel Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Klier Mathias , Moestue Lars , Obermeier Andreas , Widmann Torben 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the driving forces behind Industry 4.0 and has the potential to improve the entire value chain, especially in the context of industrial manufacturing. However, results derived from IoT data are only viable if a high level of data quality is maintained. Thereby, completeness is especially critical, as incomplete data is one of the most common and costly data quality defects in the IoT context. Nevertheless, existing approaches for assessing the completeness of IoT data are limited in their applicability because they assume a known number of real-world entities or that the real-world entities appear in regular patterns. Thus, they cannot handle the uncertainty regarding the number of real-world entities typically present in the IoT context. Against this background, the paper proposes a novel, probability-based metric that addresses these issues and provides interpretable metric values representing the probability that an IoT database is complete. This probability is assessed based on the detection of outliers regarding the deviation between the estimated number of real-world entities and the number of digital entities. The evaluation with IoT data from a German car manufacturer demonstrates that the provided metric values are useful and informative and can discriminate well between complete and incomplete IoT data. The metric has the potential to reduce the cost, time, and effort associated with incomplete IoT data, providing tangible benefits in real-world applications.
Rotor–stator hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for intensification of castor oil biodiesel production
Authors: Khater M. , Aboelazayem O. , Ismail A. R. , Soliman A. , Amr S. A. Abu , El-Gendy N. Sh. , Ezzat A. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, the intensification of the production of biodiesel from non-edible oil crops is mandatory to overcome petrol-fuel depletion and environmental pollution. For the first time, enhanced biodiesel production from castor oil via rotor–stator hydrodynamic cavitation has been studied in this work. Response surface methodology based on one-factor-at-a-time design of experiments was employed for modelling and optimizing the biodiesel yield and the decrease in feedstock viscosity, density, and total acid number (TAN). The predicted optimum parameters of 8.15:1 methanol:oil (M:O), 1499 rpm, 29.38 min, 48.43 °C, and a KOH catalyst concentration of 0.74 wt.% resulted in a 96% biodiesel yield with a concomitant decrease in viscosity, density, and TAN of approximately 95%, 5.12%, and 90.02%, respectively. According to the results of the breakthrough kinetic calculations, the reaction is pseudo-second order, with the activation energy, frequency factor, and reaction rate constant being 0.23 M−1 min−1, 18.77 kJ/mol, and 6.32 M−1 min−1, respectively. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel and bio-petro-diesel blends were good, comparable to international standards and the marketed Egyptian petro-diesel.
Tessuto adiposo epicardico: dagli aspetti biomolecolari alla pratica clinica
Authors: Malavazos Alexis Elias , Dubini Carola , Meregalli Chiara , Boniardi Federico , Secchi Francesco , Piepoli Massimo , Salvetti Guido , Menicanti Lorenzo , Chessa Massimo , Spagnolo Pietro , Scravaglieri Valentina , Trevisan Manuel Bruno , Fierabracci Paola , Dozio Elena , Buscemi Paolo , Castelvecchio Serenella , Ruocco Chiara , Randazzo Cristiana , Morricone Lelio , Santini Ferruccio , Cinti Saverio , Buscemi Silvio , Guazzi Marco , Romanelli Massimiliano Marco Corsi , Carruba Michele Olivo , Nisoli Enzo 
Published: August 2024

SommarioIl tessuto adiposo epicardico (EAT) è un fattore di rischio cardiovascolare in quanto promuove la progressione della fibrillazione atriale, della malattia coronarica e dell’insufficienza cardiaca. EAT si caratterizza per rapido metabolismo, misurabilità clinica e facile modificabilità e rappresenta un bersaglio terapeutico peculiare per farmaci innovativi, quali gli agonisti del recettore del peptide glucagone-simile 1 e gli inibitori del co-trasportatore sodio-glucosio 2, che appaiono salutari dal punto di vista cardiometabolico ben oltre i loro effetti sul glucosio e sul peso corporeo (Materiale Supplementare).
Impact of Native and Nonnative Study Partners on Medical Students’ Confidence and Collaborative Strategies in Second Language Medical Dutch Learning
Authors: Yu Hao , Köhler S. Eleonore , Janesarvatan Fatemeh , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Asoodar Maryam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
This study explored how native and nonnative study partners impact medical students’ confidence, learning strategies, and perceptions of learning experiences in second language (L2) medical Dutch learning using Kolb’s experiential learning framework.

Methods
Twelve third-year international bachelor medical students participated in a mixed-methods pre-post quasi-experimental design. Four students were paired with highly proficient native Dutch partners in a mixed group, and eight nonnative students formed pairs in a homogeneous group. The need satisfaction competence scale was used for pre- and post-tests, and individual interviews were analyzed for content and themes. Code co-occurrence and network analyses were carried out to identify the relationships between themes in the two groups.

Results
Common themes in both groups included a positive atmosphere, collaboration, and confidence. The mixed group prioritized language learning and motivation, while the homogeneous group emphasized interpersonal relationships and feedback-seeking behaviors. Nonnative students in homogeneous groups gained confidence, while confidence of those in mixed groups decreased, possibly due to comparing themselves with native partners. Homogeneous groups have communication focused collaborative strategies, while the mixed group emphasized personal growth with fewer drawbacks.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that initiating the course with homogeneous nonnative student groups fosters collaboration and builds confidence among participants. However, to maintain motivation and further enhance language proficiency, it is advisable to introduce native Dutch partners at a later stage of the course. This approach allows students to benefit from both the positive collaborative atmosphere and interpersonal growth fostered in homogeneous groups, as well as the language learning and motivation gains associated with mixed-group experiences. Overall, our study highlights the importance of considering the stage of language learning and student needs in designing effective second language learning environments for medical students.
Fluorine-Modulated MXene-Derived Catalysts for Multiphase Sulfur Conversion in Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Gu Qinhua , Cao Yiqi , Chen Junnan , Qi Yujie , Zhai Zhaofeng , Lu Ming , Huang Nan , Zhang Bingsen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFluorine owing to its inherently high electronegativity exhibits charge delocalization and ion dissociation capabilities; as a result, there has been an influx of research studies focused on the utilization of fluorides to optimize solid electrolyte interfaces and provide dynamic protection of electrodes to regulate the reaction and function performance of batteries. Nonetheless, the shuttle effect and the sluggish redox reaction kinetics emphasize the potential bottlenecks of lithium–sulfur batteries. Whether fluorine modulation regulate the reaction process of Li–S chemistry? Here, the TiOF/Ti3C2 MXene nanoribbons with a tailored F distribution were constructed via an NH4F fluorinated method. Relying on in situ characterizations and electrochemical analysis, the F activates the catalysis function of Ti metal atoms in the consecutive redox reaction. The positive charge of Ti metal sites is increased due to the formation of O–Ti–F bonds based on the Lewis acid–base mechanism, which contributes to the adsorption of polysulfides, provides more nucleation sites and promotes the cleavage of S–S bonds. This facilitates the deposition of Li2S at lower overpotentials. Additionally, fluorine has the capacity to capture electrons originating from Li2S dissolution due to charge compensation mechanisms. The fluorine modulation strategy holds the promise of guiding the construction of fluorine-based catalysts and facilitating the seamless integration of multiple consecutive heterogeneous catalytic processes.
The future of human and animal digital health platforms
Authors: Bök Patrick-Benjamin , Micucci Daniela 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectronic Health (eHealth) has emerged as a pivotal driver of change in modern healthcare, reshaping the way medical information is collected, processed, and utilized. e-health includes digital solutions aimed at improving healthcare delivery, management, and accessibility. The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is specifically focused on establishing connections between medical devices and sensors to gather and transmit health-related data. Its primary objective is to enhance healthcare by facilitating real-time monitoring, employing data analytics, and integrating intelligent medical devices. The IoMT and, more broadly, eHealth are yielding positive outcomes, prompting their expanding application into the animal domain. Recent technological advancements facilitate the integration of health platforms, fostering a connection between human and animal health for improved well-being. This article introduces a conceptual framework that synthesizes the main activities in the medial data acquisition-processing pipeline. The framework has been derived from an analysis of the state of the art in the field of the IoMT in human healthcare. Furthermore, the article explores the application of eHealth concepts in the animal domain. Addressing both human and animal health, the paper summarizes the outstanding issues that need to be addressed for the full integration of these technologies into daily life.
Challenging violence in South African education: a feminist pedagogical and legal analysis
Authors: Pietersen Doniwen , Langeveldt Dean Collin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relevance of violence in the context of South African education, a country which has a history of institutionalised violence against the oppressed, including women. Using a feminist pedagogy as a theoretical lens, violence and its implications for the South African educational system are examined. Scholars such as Freire believe that in order to engage the topic of violence in education, it needs to be framed not only from a physical, but also from a structural and symbolic way since violence is deeply rooted in social inequalities and power imbalances. Violence can be perpetuated through education, which can reproduce dominant ideologies and structures which are biased against women. Therefore, Freire advocates a pedagogical approach that challenges violence and empowers students to become critical agents of social change. In the South African educational environment, violence is a prevalent issue, especially for women and girls who face high rates of gender-based violence and sexual harassment in schools. This research also examines the relevant legal frameworks and policies in South Africa that address gender-based violence and education. This research proposes a feminist pedagogy can help create safe and empowering learning environments that promote social justice and equality.