bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winston Churchill And The European Union
Authors: Troitiño David Ramiro , Chochia Archil 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Given Winston Churchill’s influence and achievement as a writer, historian, adventurer, soldier, artist, and politician, his participation in the European integration process is crucial to understanding the entire scope of the project in its origins. Churchill was a fundamental voice promoting the Franco-British Union, a promoter of the European Communities, and an active participant of the Congress of Europe, embryo of the Council of Europe. This article analyzes Churchill’s view of European integration through his political speeches, in particular those delivered in Zurich and in The Hague, his ideas about the League of Nations and the United Nations, his understanding of the British Empire, and the special relations between the UK and the USA. His participation in the process of uniting Europe in its early stages provides us with essential information about the original plans for the creation of a united Europe and understanding the traditional British approach to the EU, including the current position of the conservative government led by Cameron.
Jurisdiction Collisions In The Criminal Proceedings Of European Union Member States
Authors: Jurka Raimundas , Zajančkauskienė Jolanta 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Employing systematic document analysis and other methods, this article analyses a long-standing and still relevant issue related to the interpretation and application of the law regulating relationships in the field of European Union criminal justice within the framework of the national criminal proceedings that are taking place in EU member states. The article places special emphasis on the explanation and application of the principle of mutual recognition within the framework of one of the newest instruments of international cooperation in the European Union criminal proceedings meant to prevent conflicts of exercise of jurisdiction and to solve issues arising between two or more member states. The analysis of conflicts of exercise of jurisdiction provided in this paper is not limited to a mere explanation of the concept as such, but includes an essential analysis of other related issues, such as the principle of mutual recognition, its influence on the recognition of criminal proceedings as parallel proceedings, and including other aspects related to the matching of the form of national criminal proceedings with the criminal proceedings taking place in another member state. Finally, significant attention is given to one of the objectives in terms of prevention and solution of conflicts of exercise of jurisdiction, namely, the ne bis in idem principle and its application in case of parallel criminal proceedings taking place in two or more member states. One of the key conclusions offered here is that in order to eliminate conflicts of exercise of jurisdiction, positive law in the process of conflicts of jurisdiction must become an effective measure in criminal justice; however, only on the condition that at least a minimum likelihood in the form of criminal proceedings adopted by different EU members states is ensured as a precondition necessary to enable a smooth application of the principle of mutual recognition.
Analysis of wrist bone motion before and after SL-ligament resection
Authors: Eschweiler Jörg , Stromps Jan Philipp , Rath Björn , Pallua Norbert , Radermacher Klaus 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The analysis of the three-dimensional motion of wrist joint components in the physiological and injured wrist is of high clinical interest. Therefore, the purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the motion of scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum during physiological wrist motion in flexion and extension, and in radial- and ulnar-deviation, with those motion patterns after complete resection of the scapho-lunate-ligament. Eight fresh frozen cadaver wrists were carefully thawed and prepared for the investigation with an electromagnetic tracking system by implantation of measurement coils with 6 degrees of freedom. Electromagnetic tracking enabled the motion analysis of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones with respect to the fixed radius in three planes of passive motion. After scapho-lunate-ligament injury changes in the translational and rotational motion pattern especially of the scaphoid bone occurred in dorsal-volar directions during flexion and extension, radial- and ulnar-deviation, and during rotation around the radio-ulnar- and longitudinal-axis of the wrist.
Vision-based parking lot occupancy evaluation system using 2D separable discrete wavelet transform
Authors: Kłosowski M. , Wójcikowski M. , Czyżewski A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA simple system for rough estimation of the occupancy of an ad-hoc organized parking lot is presented. A reasonably simple microprocessor hardware with a low resolution monochrome video camera observing the parking lot from the location high above the parking surface is capable of running the proposed 2-D separable discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based algorithm, reporting the percentage of the observed parking area occupied by cars. A simple calibration is needed – the mask covering all the areas outside the parking lot must be prepared. The proposed system has been tested on the dedicated FPGA-based hardware in real conditions and proven immune to scene and light changes. As it is discussed in the paper, it can be used in low-power wireless sensor networks.
Indoor positioning based on foot-mounted IMU
Authors: Guo H. , Uradzinski M. , Yin H. , Yu M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the project which examines the level of accuracy that can be achieved in precision indoor positioning by using a pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) method. This project is focused on estimating the position using step detection technique based on foot-mounted IMU.
The approach is sensor-fusion by using accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers after initial alignment is completed. By estimating and compensating the drift errors in each step, the proposed method can reduce errors during the footsteps. There is an advantage of the step detection combined with ZUPT and ZARU for calculating the actual position, distance travelled and estimating the IMU sensors’ inherent accumulated error by EKF. Based on the above discussion, all algorithms are derived in detail in the paper. Several tests with an Xsens IMU device have been performed in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method.
The final results show that the dead reckoning positioning average position error did not exceed 0.88 m (0.2% to 1.73% of the total traveled distance – normally ranges from 0.3% to 10%), what is very promising for future handheld indoor navigation systems that can be used in large office buildings, malls, museums, hospitals, etc.
The selected problems of controllability of discrete-time switched linear systems with constrained switching rule
Authors: Babiarz A. , Czornik A. , Klamka J. , Niezabitowski M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper the controllability problem for discrete-time linear switched systems is considered. The main goal is to find a control signal that steers any initial state to a given final state independently of the switching signal. In the paper, it is assumed that there are some constraints posed on the switching signal. Moreover, we present a necessary and sufficient conditions of some kinds of controllability. Three types of controllability, namely: from zero initial state to any final state, from any initial state to zero final state and from any initial state to any final state are considered. Finally, three illustrative examples are shown.
Control system architecture for the investigation of motion control algorithms on an example of the mobile platform Rex
Authors: Janiak M. , Zieliński C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper presets the specification and implementation of the control system of the mobile platform Rex. The presented system structure and the description of its functioning result from the application of a formal method of designing such systems. This formalism is based on the concept of an embodied agent. The behaviours of its subsystems are specified in terms of transition functions that compute, out of the variables contained in the internal memory and the input buffers, the values that are inserted into the output buffers and the internal memory. The transition functions are the parameters of elementary actions, which in turn are used in behaviour patterns which are the building blocks of the subsystems of the designed control system. Rex is a skid steering platform, with four independently actuated wheels. It is represented by a single agent that implements the locomotion functionality. The agent consists of a control subsystem, a virtual effector and a virtual receptor. Each of those subsystems is discussed in details. Both the data structures and the transition functions defining their behaviours are described. The locomotion agent is a part of the control system of the autonomous exploration and rescue robot developed within the RobREx project.
Aesthetic Literacy: Observable Phenomena And Pedagogical Applications For Mobile Lifelong Learning (MLLL)
Authors: Gallagher Michael Sean , Ihanainen Pekka 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper proposed a method for developing capacity for lifelong learning in open spaces, defined here as places without predefined learning structures or objectives, through the cultivation of aesthetic literacy. This discussion will be situated within fieldwork performed by the authors in Helsinki, Finland, and Tallinn, Estonia, in 2013. Based on the researchers’ experience in the field of teacher education and workshops they have conducted on mobile learning, the empirical context for this discussion focuses on data generated from the research methods of participatory observation (ethnography), autoethnography, reflective concept analysis and artistic subjectivity. These methods and the data generated as a result collect to produce insight into how aesthetic literacy sits within the cross-section of open space, mobile learning, and lifelong learning,
Aesthetic literacy, appropriated and broadened from its original focus as capacity for “reading” or making meaning from artistic material (discussed in Gale, 2005 as the “living of lyrical moments”), is positioned in this paper as a means of making meaning in open spaces through alignment and attunement. This paper presents pragmatic methods for pedagogically cultivating learning in open spaces through a focus on aesthetic literacy. The pedagogical advantages of such an approach and its applicability to lifelong learning, particularly lifelong learning activated through mobile technology (or mobile lifelong learning-mLLL), follows along with recommendations for further research. The applicability of such research is for teachers, learners, or researchers who are looking for methods for making use of open spaces for learning, or to cultivate learners who actively seek learning in the “rhythms of the everyday” (Lankshear & Knobel, 2011).
The aim of the article is to produce fresh insights into the academic discussion about the nature of open space, mobile learning and lifelong learning as seem from the point of view of aesthetic literacy, insights we believe have distinct pedagogical advantages for mLLL.

Focal Area: Informal arenas of learning – learning opportunities in daily life and the workplace; Learning process design, teaching methodologies
Variability of southern sweet-grass (Hierochloë australis /Schrad./ Roem. & Schult.) wild growing populations occurring in eastern Poland
Authors: Bączek Katarzyna , Angielczyk Mirosław , Przybył Jarosław L. , Kosakowska Olga , Ejdys Marcin , Węglarz Zenon 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Southern sweet-grass is a perennial grass distributed through north-eastern Europe. In Poland, this rare, partially protected plant grows wild in well-lit coniferous or mixed forests. Its leaves, rich in coumarin compounds, are used for aromatization of alcohols. Taking into account high demand on this raw material and decrease in the number of southern sweet-grass populations it is recommended to introduce the plant into cultivation systems. In this study 12 populations of southern sweet-grass were selected and assessed in terms of their cultivation usefulness. The presence of associated plant species growing on its natural sites was investigated as well as light irradiance on those stands. The species was found in 3 types of forest communities. Air dry mass of leaves per plant varied in analyzed populations from 1.73 to 11.07 g. They were significantly diversified in the total content of coumarins (0.36–0.96%), flavonoids (0.09–0.26%) and polyphenolic acids (0.13–0.29%). The diversity concerning the content of coumarin, a quality indicator of leaves, was even higher. The content of this compound varied from 52.03 to 275.74 mg/100 g d. m. Among the analyzed populations, the most interesting seem to be population No. 12 (Jedwabno) and population No. 10 (Ruciane) characterized with relatively high mass of leaves and the highest content of the identified active compounds, including coumarin.
Antiradical activity and amount of phenolic compounds in extracts obtained from some plant raw materials containing methylxanthine alkaloids
Authors: Sroka Zbigniew , Janiak Maria , Dryś Andrzej 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Raw materials containing methylxanthine alkaloids such as yerba mate, guaraná, white and green tea, coffee seeds, chocolate and cacao seed powder and extracts obtained from these raw materials were investigated for their antioxidant features and the amount of phenolic compounds. The level of phenolic compounds was measured with the colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and antioxidant features was determined with the use of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical). Amounts of phenolic compounds were presented in percentages per mass of extracts and mass of raw materials. Antiradical potential was shown as the number of TAUDPPH
units per mg of extracts and g of raw materials. The highest number of antiradical units TAUDPPH
as well as the amount of phenolic compounds was calculated for white tea and its extracts and lowest for chocolate. The correlation coefficient between the content of phenolics and antiradical features of raw materials is equal to r=0.994.
Hydroisomerization of Biomass Derived n-Hexadecane Towards Diesel Pool: Effect of Selective Removal External Surface Sites from Pt/ZSM-22
Authors: Thaker Abhijeet H. , John Mathew , Kumar Kishore , Kasture Mahesh W. , Parmar Snehalkumar , Newalkar Bharat L. , Parikh Parimal A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Influence of dealumination of zeolite ZSM-22 (Si/Al ratio of 45) by treating it with oxalic acid on its catalytic performance in n-hexadecane hydroisomerization reaction was studied. This reaction is an attempt in the direction of green and sustainable source of diesel via improving the cold-flow properties of deoxygenated vegetable oils. Pt (0.5 wt%) on ZSM-22 treated with 1 M oxalic acid afforded highest yields of the mono-branched paraffins. This improved is attributed to selective removal of active sites on external surface of zeolite crystals (responsible for undesired cracking reactions) using the bulkier dealuminating agent, oxalic acid. Thus, pore-mouth key-lock mechanism was brought to play the role to cause high selectivity to mono-branched isomers. Preferential external site deactivation was inferred from mesitylene cracking results. Effects of operating parameters such as temperature, and space velocity on product distribution also were studied. Also, kinetics of the reactions involved too has been in brief reported.
An Artificial Potential Field Based Mobile Robot Navigation Method To Prevent From Deadlock
Authors: Weerakoon Tharindu , Ishii Kazuo , Nassiraei Amir Ali Forough 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Artificial Potential Filed (APF) is the most well-known method that is used in mobile robot path planning, however, the shortcoming is that the local minima. To overcome this issue, we present a deadlock free APF based path planning algorithm for mobile robot navigation. The Proposed-APF (P-APF) algorithm searches the goal point in unknown 2D environments. This method is capable of escaping from deadlock and non-reachability problems of mobile robot navigation. In this method, the effective front-face obstacle information associated with the velocity direction is used to modify the Traditional APF (T-APF) algorithm. This modification solves the deadlock problem that the T-APF algorithm often converges to local minima. The proposed algorithm is explained in details and to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the simulation experiments were carried out in the MATLAB environment. Furthermore, the numerical analysis of the proposed approach is given to prove a deadlock free motion of the mobile robot.
Influence of Cyp2c19*2 Gene Variant on Therapeutic Response During Clopidogrel Treatment in Patients with Carotid Artery Stenosis/ Uticaj cyp2c19*2 varijante gena na terapijski odgovor u toku primene klopidogrela kod bolesnika sa stenozom karotidne arterije
Authors: Bačković Dragana , Ignjatović Svetlana , Rakićević Ljiljana , Kusić-Tišma Jelena , Radojković Dragica , Čalija Branko , Strugarević Evgenija , Radak Đorđe , Kovach Mirjana 
Published: September 2015

Summary
Background: Despite the proven clinical effect of oral antiplatelet drugs, a considerable number of patients do not have an adequate response to clopidogrel. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of CYP2C19*2 loss-of-function variant allele on clopidogrel responsiveness in patients with carotid artery stenosis.
Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with carotid artery stenosis undergoing endarterectomy were included in this one-year prospective study. All of them received clopidogrel (75 mg daily) for at least 30 days after the intervention. They were followed from the moment of hospital admission. CYP2C19*2 genotyping was performed by TaqMan Assay. The influence of CYP2C19*2 variant allele on clopidogrel platelet reactivity was determined using multiple-electrode aggregometry (MEA).
Results: Genotyping results showed that 82 (73.2%) patients were homozygous for wild type, 29 (25.9%) were heterozygous for the CYP2C19*2 allele and 1 (0.9%) was CYP2C19*2 homozygous. After 24 hours, among those with the wild type 29.3% were clopidogrel responders, and in those with the CYP2C19*2 alleles 10%. In the wild type group, 74.4% were clopidogrel responders after 7 days of taking the drug; 82.9% after 30 days of clopidogrel introduction, respectively. In patients with the CYP2C19*2 alleles the number of responders increased up to 46.7% after 7 days; 53.3% after 30 days of taking the drug, respectively. The risk for being a low-responder is higher for the patients heterozygous for the CYP2C19*2 allele vs. wildtype (OR 4.250, 95% CI 1.695-10.658, P<0.01).
Conclusions: The CYP2C19*2 loss-of-function variant allele has significant influence on clopidogrel response in patients with carotid artery stenosis undergoing endarterectomy.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nitric oxide in Patients with Schizophrenia. A pilot study/ Dijagnostička tačnost moždanog neurotrofičkog faktora i azot-monoksida kod obolelih od shizofrenije.Pilot studija
Authors: Djordjević Vidosava B. , Lazarević Dušan , Ćosić Vladan , Knežević Marinela Z. , Djordjević Vidosava B. , Stojanović Ivana , Djorgevič Vladimir 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackground: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nitric oxide (NO) play multiple roles in the developing and adult CNS. Since BDNF and NO metabolisms are dysregulated in schizophrenia, we measured these markers simultaneously in the blood of schizophrenics and assessed their diagnostic accuracy.Methods: Thirty-eight patients with schizophrenia classified according to demographic characteristics, symptomatology and therapy and 39 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. BDNF was determined by the ELISA technique while the concentration of nitrite/nitrate (NO-2/NO-3) was measured by the colorimetric method.Results: Serum BDNF levels were significantly lower (20.38±3.73 ng/mL, P=1.339E-05), whilst plasma NO-2/NO-3concentrations were significantly higher (84.3 (72-121) mmol/L, P=4.357E-08) in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls (25.65±4.32 ng/mL; 60.9 (50-76) mmol/L, respectively). The lowest value of BDNF (18.14±3.26 ng/mL) and the highest NO-2/NO-3concentration (115.3 (80-138) mmol/L) were found in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics (SGA). The patients diseased before the age of 24 and the patients suffering for up to one year had significantly lower serum BDNF levels than those diseased after the age of 24 and the patients who were ill longer than one year. Both BDNF and NO-2/NO-3showed good diagnostic accuracy, but BDNF had better ROC curve characteristics, especially in patients with negative symptomatology.Conclusions: BDNF and nitrite/nitrate showed inverse changes in schizophrenic patients. The most pronounced changes were found in patients treated with second-gene - ration antipsychotics. Although BDNF is not specific of schizophrenia, it may be a clinically useful biomarker for the diagnosis of patients expressing predominantly negative symptoms.
The latent cytomegalovirus decreases telomere
length by microcompetition
Authors: Polansky Hanan , Javaherian Adrian 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Reduced telomere length has been associated
with aging and age-related diseases. Latent infection with
the Cytomegalovirus (CMV) induces telomere shortening
in the infected cells. Latent CMV infection may cause
reduced telomere length via GABP transcription factor
deficiency, according to the Microcompetition Theory.
Microcompetition and viral-induced transcription factor
deficiency is important since most people harbor a latent
viral infection.
Unsteady MHD boundary layer flow and heat
transfer over the stretching sheets submerged in
a moving fluid with Ohmic heating and frictional
heating
Authors: Hua Huichun , Su Xiaohong 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the analysis of the unsteady
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow
and heat transfer on a permeable stretching sheet embedded
in a moving incompressible viscous fluid. The combined
effects of Ohmic heating, thermal radiation, frictional
heating and internal heat absorption/generation
are taken into account. The governing time dependent
nonlinear boundary layer equations are converted into a
systemof nonlinear ordinary differential equations by similarity
transformations. Some analytical results that give
the characteristics of the velocity field in the boundary
layer are presented and proved. The governing equations
are then solved by using the shooting technique along with
the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The analytical properties
proved in this paper are consistent with those obtained
by the numerical method. Furthermore, the effects
of the various parameters on the velocity and temperature
fields are presented graphically and discussed in detail.
Painlevé analysis and exact solutions of bosonized N = 1 supersymmetric Burgers equation
Authors: Ren Bo 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Based on the bosonization approach, the N = 1
supersymmetric Burgers (SB) system is transformed to a
coupled pure bosonic system. The Painlevé property and
the Bäcklund transformations (BT) of the bosonized SB
(BSB) system are obtained through standard singularity
analysis. Explicit solutions such as the muti-solitarywaves
and error functionwaves are provided for the BT. The exact
solutions of the BSB system are obtained from the generalized
tanh expansion method.