bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea spray geoengineering experiments in the geoengineering model intercomparison project (GeoMIP): Experimental design and preliminary results
Authors: Kravitz Ben , Forster Piers M. , Jones Andy , Robock Alan , Alterskjær Kari , Boucher Olivier , Jenkins Annabel K. L. , Korhonen Hannele , Kristjánsson Jón Egill , Muri Helene , Niemeier Ulrike , Partanen Antti‐Ilari , Rasch Philip J. , Wang Hailong , Watanabe Shingo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMarine cloud brightening through sea spray injection has been proposed as a method of temporarily alleviating some of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change, as part of a set of technologies called geoengineering. We outline here a proposal for three coordinated climate modeling experiments to test aspects of sea spray geoengineering, to be conducted under the auspices of the Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP). The first, highly idealized, experiment (G1ocean‐albedo) involves a uniform increase in ocean albedo to offset an instantaneous quadrupling of CO2 concentrations from preindustrial levels. Results from a single climate model show an increased land‐sea temperature contrast, Arctic warming, and large shifts in annual mean precipitation patterns. The second experiment (G4cdnc) involves increasing cloud droplet number concentration in all low‐level marine clouds to offset some of the radiative forcing of an RCP4.5 scenario. This experiment will test the robustness of models in simulating geographically heterogeneous radiative flux changes and their effects on climate. The third experiment (G4sea‐salt) involves injection of sea spray aerosols into the marine boundary layer between 30°S and 30°N to offset 2 W m−2 of the effective radiative forcing of an RCP4.5 scenario. A single model study shows that the induced effective radiative forcing is largely confined to the latitudes in which injection occurs. In this single model simulation, the forcing due to aerosol‐radiation interactions is stronger than the forcing due to aerosol‐cloud interactions.
Neurogenic differentiation capacity of subacromial bursal tissue—derived stem cells
Authors: Aydın Adem , Duruksu Gökhan , Erman Gülay , Subaşı Cansu , Aksoy Ayça , Ünal Zehra Seda , Karaöz Erdal 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, analysis and comprehensive comparison of neurogenic differentiation capacity of human bursal tissue‐derived‐stem cells (hBT‐SCs) was aimed with human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSCs). hBT‐SCs was isolated from subacromial bursa tissue (n = 3) by collagen type‐II digestion. The expression of stem cell markers, differentiation capacity and telomerase activity were determined for both cell lines. The expression levels of neurogenic cell markers were compared consecutively. With respect to the surface marker profile, both cells display similar pluripotency phenotypes. Both cells successfully differentiated into osteo‐ and adipogenic cell lines. The immune staining of mesenchymal, stem cell and neurogenic markers gave positive reaction. The gene expression level for Tubb3, Nestin, Gfap, Map2, Nf‐h, and Nf‐l was higher in hBT‐SCs than hBM‐MSCs. The high level of neurotrophic factors, like Tenascin C, NGF, BDNF, VEGF, and CNTF might indicate their regeneration and maintenance capacity in damaged neural tissue. Besides they are alternative source for human mesenchymal stem cells, hBT‐SCs assess the possibility to use in clinical studies. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:151–158, 2014.
Gene signature of the embryonic meniscus
Authors: Pazin Dorothy E. , Gamer Laura W. , Capelo Luciane P. , Cox Karen A. , Rosen Vicki 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe meniscus is a fibrocartilagenous disc in the knee that protects the joint from damage. Meniscal injuries are common, however repair efforts are largely unsuccessful and are not able to prevent the degenerative changes that result in development of osteoarthritis. Tissue regeneration in adults often recapitulates events of embryonic development, suggesting the regulatory pathways controlling morphogenesis are candidate repair signals. Here we use laser capture microdissection to collect mouse embryonic day 16 (E16) meniscus, articular cartilage, and cruciate ligaments. RNA isolated from these tissues was then used to perform genome‐wide microarray analysis. We found 38 genes were differentially expressed between E16 meniscus and articular cartilage and 43 genes were differentially expressed between E16 meniscus and cruciate ligaments. Included in our data set were extracellular matrix proteins, transcription factors, and growth factors, including TGF‐β modulators (Lox, Dpt) and IGF‐1 pathway members (Igf‐1, Igfbp2, Igfbp3, Igfbp5). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that IGF‐1 signaling was enriched in the meniscus compared to the other joint structures, while qPCR showed that Igf‐1, Igfbp2, and Igfbp3 expression declined with age. We also found that several meniscus‐enriched genes were expressed either in the inner or outer meniscus, establishing that regionalization of the meniscus occurs early in development. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:46–53, 2014.
The use of nuclear bone scanning after fibula free tissue transfer
Authors: Furr Maxwell C. , Cannady Steven , Nance Robert , Wax Mark K. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo understand the role of nuclear bone scanning in the evaluation of threatened osteocutaneous free tissue transfers, identify patients who may benefit from nuclear bone scanning after head and neck reconstructive surgery, and be able to use nuclear bone scanning to help guide management of the threatened free flap.Study DesignRetrospective case series design set in a tertiary referral center.MethodsRecords of patients undergoing bone scan in the context of threatened osteocutaneous free tissue transfer between July 1998 and December 2008 were reviewed.ResultsOver a 10‐year period, 205 fibula free tissue transfers were performed, with an overall 94% success rate. Fifteen fibular free flaps in 14 patients were determined to be threatened in the late postoperative period, and nuclear bone scanning was performed. Seven of 15 flaps had regions of certain flap nonviability, with five flaps clearly appearing viable on bone scanning. No graft read as potentially viable eventually failed. All grafts read as nonviable underwent exploration and debridement, with confirmation of nonviability in all cases. In eight cases, bone scanning allowed preoperative planning for soft tissue flap reconstruction.ConclusionsIn those instances in which the skin paddle dies in the late postoperative period and determination of bone viability is required, a bone scan can demonstrate whether or not the bone is alive. This information can help determine the future operative and reconstructive options available for the patient.Level of Evidence: 4. Laryngoscope, 123:2980–2985, 2013
Prevalence and risk factors for musculoskeletal problems associated with microlaryngeal surgery: A national survey
Authors: Wong Adrienne , Baker Nancy , Smith Libby , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisMicrolaryngeal surgery (MLS) presents ergonomic challenges to surgeons and potential risks for developing musculoskeletal symptoms (MSSx). This study describes prevalence and risk factors of MLS‐associated MSSx.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsA questionnaire was administered to members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Outcome measures related to surgeon demographics, training, MLS experience, operating room setup, experience of MSSx in relation to MLS, treatment sought, and practice changes due to MSSx.ResultsResponse rate was 9.2% (n = 476); 83% reported musculoskeletal symptoms during MLS, and 21% reported rest breaks during MLS. Taking breaks was independently associated with back support lack (odds ratio [OR] = 2.08) and surgery lasting >30 minutes (OR = 1.68). Areas most commonly affected were neck, upper back, shoulder, and lower back. Ten percent reported treatment for MLS‐related MSSx. Some respondents reported major practice changes due to MSSx, including fewer cases, ceasing to perform MLS, applying for disability, and early retirement.ConclusionsMusculoskeletal symptoms are common (83%) among surgeons performing microlaryngeal surgery. Findings suggest multiple factors may contribute to development of MSSx in otolaryngologists. Risk factors for MSSx and taking breaks during surgery include average case operating time >30 minutes and absence of back support. Previous studies have identified neck flexion and lack of arm support as associated with risk of musculoskeletal injury. This study demonstrates that MSSx related to surgery do occur in otolaryngologists, and that poor surgical ergonomics may play a role. Surgeons should consider proper support and positioning during MLS to protect their health.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:1854–1861, 2014
An animal model of obstructive sleep apnea in rabbit
Authors: Yu Myeong S. , Jung Na R. , Choi Kyoung H. , Choi Kuiwon , Lee Bong‐Jae , Chung Yoo‐Sam 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAn animal model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may help to investigate the pathophysiology of this disorder and develop appropriate treatments. We investigated the feasibility of a rabbit model of OSA.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsTwelve New Zealand white rabbits were injected at the base of their tongues under endoscopic guidance with liquid silicone (experimental group, n = 6) or normal saline (control group, n = 6). Polysomnography was performed before and after injection. The development of OSA and changes in sleep parameters were compared between the two groups.ResultsBefore injection, all rabbits showed normal breathing during sleep without hypopnea. In the silicone group, the rabbits had a mean of 29.9 ± 6.9 hypopneas/hour and a mean of 10.4 ± 3.1 apneas/hour 1 month after silicone injection and 28.4 ± 6.9 hypopneas/hour and 10.0 ± 3.3 apneas/hour 3 months after silicone injection (P < 0.05). Mean total sleep time decreased from 260.3 ± 70.2 minutes at baseline to 152.5 ± 38.8 minutes 1 month and 206.8 ± 60.3 minutes 3 months after injection, with a decrease in stage II sleep. In the saline group, however, there were no breathing events during sleep.ConclusionsThese results show that silicone injections into the tongue base of rabbits can result in OSA.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 124:789–796, 2014
Charge‐Transport Tuning of Solution‐Processable Graphene Nanoribbons by Substitutional Nitrogen Doping
Authors: Kim Kyung Tae , Lee Jong Won , Jo Won Ho 
Published: October 2013

Novel nitrogen‐doped graphene nanoribbons (GNR‐Ns) are synthesized by the coupling reaction between a pyrazine (or benzene) derivative and naphthalene followed by cyclodehydrogenation. The amount of nitrogen doping in the GNR‐Ns is controlled by changing the monomer feed ratio of pyrazine to benzene for polymerization. The electron mobility of the GNR‐Ns increases while the hole mobility decreases, as the amount of nitrogen doping in the GNR increases, indicating that the charge‐transport behavior of GNRs is changed from ambipolar to an n‐type semiconductor. The threshold voltage of the GNR‐Ns also shifts from 20 to −6 V as the amount of nitrogen doping increases.
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Design and Preparation of Single‐Chain Nanocarriers Mimicking Disordered Proteins for Combined Delivery of Dermal Bioactive Cargos
Authors: Sanchez‐Sanchez Ana , Akbari Somayeh , Moreno Angel J. , Verso Federica Lo , Arbe Arantxa , Colmenero Juan , Pomposo José A. 
Published: October 2013

Inspired by the multifunctionality of vitamin D‐binding protein and the multiple transient‐binding behavior of some intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), a polymeric platform is designed, prepared, and characterized for combined delivery of dermal protective and anticancer bioactive cargos on the basis of artificial single‐chain nano‐objects mimicking IDPs. For the first time ever, simultaneous delivery of folic acid or vitamin B9, and hinokitiol, a relevant natural bioactive compound that exhibits anticancer activity against human malignant melanoma cells, from these multidirectionally self‐assembled unimolecular nanocarriers is illustrated.
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The endophenotype and the phenotype: Temporal discrimination and adult‐onset dystonia
Authors: Hutchinson Michael , Kimmich Okka , Molloy Anna , Whelan Robert , Molloy Fiona , Lynch Tim , Healy Daniel G. , Walsh Cathal , Edwards Mark J. , Ozelius Laurie , Reilly Richard B. , O'Riordan Seán 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis and the genetic basis of adult‐onset primary torsion dystonia remain poorly understood. Because of markedly reduced penetrance in this disorder, a number of endophenotypes have been proposed; many of these may be epiphenomena secondary to disease manifestation. Mediational endophenotypes represent gene expression; the study of trait (endophenotypic) rather than state (phenotypic) characteristics avoids the misattribution of secondary adaptive cerebral changes to pathogenesis. We argue that abnormal temporal discrimination is a mediational endophenotype; its use facilitates examination of the effects of age, gender, and environment on disease penetrance in adult‐onset dystonia. Using abnormal temporal discrimination in unaffected first‐degree relatives as a marker for gene mutation carriage may inform exome sequencing techniques in families with few affected individuals. We further hypothesize that abnormal temporal discrimination reflects dysfunction in an evolutionarily conserved subcortical‐basal ganglia circuit for the detection of salient novel environmental change. The mechanisms of dysfunction in this pathway should be a focus for future research in the pathogenesis of adult‐onset primary torsion dystonia. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Therapeutic Potentials of Ecto‐Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase, Ecto‐Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase, Ecto‐5′‐Nucleotidase, and Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors
Authors: al‐Rashida Mariya , Iqbal Jamshed 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe modulatory role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in relevance to purinergic cell signaling mechanisms has long been known and is an object of much research worldwide. These extracellular nucleotides are released by a variety of cell types either innately or as a response to patho‐physiological stress or injury. A variety of surface‐located ecto‐nucleotidases (of four major types; nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases or NTPDases, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases or NPPs, alkaline phosphatases APs or ALPs, and ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase or e5NT) are responsible for meticulously controlling the availability of these important signaling molecules (at their respective receptors) in extracellular environment and are therefore crucial for maintaining the integrity of normal cell functioning. Overexpression of many of these ubiquitous ecto‐enzymes has been implicated in a variety of disorders including cell adhesion, activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and degenerative neurological and immunological responses. Selective inhibition of these ecto‐enzymes is an area that is currently being explored with great interest and hopes remain high that development of selective ecto‐nucleotidase inhibitors will prove to have many beneficial therapeutic implications. The aim of this review is to emphasize and focus on recent developments made in the field of inhibitors of ecto‐nucleotidases and to highlight their structure activity relationships wherever possible. Most recent and significant advances in field of NTPDase, NPP, AP, and e5NT inhibitors is being discussed in detail in anticipation of providing prolific leads and relevant background for research groups interested in synthesis of selective ecto‐nucleotidase inhibitors.
Decomposition algorithms for solving the minimum weight maximal matching problem
Authors: Bodur Merve , Ekim Tinaz , Taşkin Z. Caner 
Published: October 2013

Abstract–We investigate the problem of finding a maximal matching that has minimum total weight on a given edge‐weighted graph. Although the minimum weight maximal matching problem is NP‐hard in general, polynomial time exact or approximation algorithms on several restricted graph classes are given in the literature. In this article, we propose an exact algorithm for solving several variants of the problem on general graphs. In particular, we develop integer programming (IP) formulations for the problem and devise a decomposition algorithm, which is based on a combination of IP techniques and combinatorial matching algorithms. Our computational tests on a large suite of randomly generated graphs show that our decomposition approach significantly improves the solvability of the problem compared to the underlying IP formulation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 62(4), 273–287 2013
On the Z‐eigenvalues of the signless Laplacian tensor for an even uniform hypergraph
Authors: Xie Jinshan , Chang An 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYWe generalize the signless Laplacian matrices for graphs to the signless Laplacian tensors for even uniform hypergraphs and set some fundamental properties for the spectral hypergraph theory based upon the signless Laplacian tensors. In particular, the smallest and the largest Z‐eigenvalues of the signless Laplacian tensor for an even uniform hypergraph are studied, and as an application, the bounds of the edge cut and the edge connectivity of the hypergraph involving these two Z‐eigenvalues are presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diabetes mellitus in patients with thalassemia major
Authors: Li Meng‐Ju , Peng Steven Shinn‐Forng , Lu Meng‐Yao , Chang Hsiu‐Hao , Yang Yung‐Li , Jou Shiann‐Tarng , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Lin Kai‐Hsin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a major endocrinopathy for patients with thalassemia major. Although diabetes mellitus is multifactorial, iron loading is its primary cause and its management poses a clinical challenge. Detecting the pre‐diabetes stage is critical because clinical diabetes can potentially be reversed or prevented.ProcedurePatients with thalassemia major who received regular blood transfusion therapy from 1994 to 2010 were evaluated for the incidence of diabetes mellitus and glucose dysregulation. The association between patients' clinical, biochemical, and image parameters was also evaluated.ResultsThe patients with diabetes were significantly older, had higher ferritin levels, a smaller pancreas volume, and lower cardiac T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) values than the patients without diabetes. The pancreas T2* MRI values were higher in the patients without diabetes, but the difference was not statistically significant. The liver iron concentration did not differ between the patients with and without diabetes. The prevalence of hepatitis C infection and hypogonadism was also higher in the patients with diabetes. In the patients without diabetes, the cardiac T2* MRI values were higher in patients with normal fasting glucose levels (P = 0.03), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance level was associated with hepatitis C infection (P = 0.024, r = 0.32) and hypogonadism (P = 0.034, r = 0.301).ConclusionsFasting glucose and insulin levels were appropriate screening tools for evaluating glucose dysregulation and complemented the MRI findings. The cardiac T2* and pancreas volumes were significant predictors of diabetes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:20–24. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel mutation in protein C gene (PROC) causing severe phenotype in neonatal period
Authors: Unal Sule , Gumruk Fatma , Yigit Sule , Tuncer Murat , Tavil Betul , Cil Onur , Takci Sahin , Urata Michiyo , Hotta Taeko , Kang Dongchon , Cetin Mualla 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHomozygous protein C deficiency is among rare causes of thrombophilia. Herein, we present a neonate with purpura fulminans, disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe intracranial hemorrhage who was found to have plasma protein C level of 4%. The molecular work‐up revealed a novel homozygous mutation of T903C (amino acid position Leu 270 Pro) located in a catalytic domain region of PROC gene. Asymptomatic course in patients with low but measurable levels of protein C levels has been reported, which is different than observed in our patient who had a very severe course despite plasma protein C level of 4%. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:763–764. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost–utility analysis of individual psychosocial support interventions for breast cancer patients in a randomized controlled study
Authors: Arving Cecilia , Brandberg Yvonne , Feldman Inna , Johansson Birgitta , Glimelius Bengt 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim was to explore the cost–utility in providing complementary individual psychosocial support to breast cancer patients compared with standard care (SC).MethodsPatients just starting adjuvant therapy (n = 168) at Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, were consecutively included and randomized into three groups: psychosocial support from a specially trained nurse (INS), from a psychologist (IPS), or SC. Psychological effects and healthcare utilization were monitored during a 2‐year period. The hospital billing system provided cost estimates. Quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated using health‐related quality of life data from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C‐30) translated into the Euro Quality of Life‐ 5‐Dimensional classification. On the basis of the medical cost offset, a cost–utility analysis was performed.ResultsHealth care utilization was mainly related to the breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. The intervention costs amounted to about €500 or 3% of the total costs. Total health care costs, including interventions cost, were lower in the INS (€18,670) and IPS (€20,419) groups than in the SC group (€25,800). The number of QALYs were also higher in the INS (1.52 QALY) and IPS (1.59 QALY) groups, compared with the SC group (1.43 QALY).ConclusionsThe cost–utility analysis revealed that, during adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, the individual psychosocial support interventions provided here was cost effective because the health care costs were lower and QALYs were higher compared to SC alone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimization‐based approach to lookup table program transformations
Authors: Wilcox Chris , Strout Michelle Mills , Bieman James M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTScientific programmers can improve the performance of function evaluation by precomputing and storing results in a lookup table (LUT), thereby replacing costly evaluation code with an inexpensive memory access. A code transformation that replaces computation with LUT code can improve performance; however, accuracy is reduced because of error inherent in reconstructing values from LUT data. LUTs are commonly used to approximate expensive elementary functions. The current practice is for software developers to: (i) manually identify expressions that can benefit from an LUT; (ii) modify the code by hand to implement the LUT transformation; and (iii) run experiments to determine if the resulting error is within application requirements. This approach reduces productivity, obfuscates code, and limits programmer control over accuracy and performance. We propose source code analysis and program transformation to substantially automate LUT transformations. Our approach uses a novel optimization algorithm that selects Pareto optimal sets of expressions that benefit most from an LUT, on the basis of the error and performance estimates. We demonstrate our methodology with the Mesa tool, which achieves speedups of 1.4–6.8× on scientific codes with an acceptable loss of accuracy. Our tool makes the programmer more productive and facilitates finding effective LUT transformations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.