bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in anal cancer
Authors: Glynne‐Jones Robert , Sebag‐Montefiore David , Adams Richard , Gollins Simon , Harrison Mark , Meadows Helen M. , Jitlal Mark ,   for the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research Anal Cancer Trial Working Party
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Only 2 prospective studies have previously reported prognostic factors for anal cancer, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 22861 (EORTC 22861) and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group trial 98‐11 (RTOG 98‐11). Both of those trials reported that clinically positive lymph nodes and male sex predicted poorer overall survival (OS). The EORTC 22861 trial indicated that the same factors were prognostic for locoregional control. In the current report, the authors investigated potential prognostic factors from the first United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research Anal Cancer Trial (ACT I), in which patients were randomized to receive either radiotherapy alone or chemoradiation (CRT) with concurrent 5‐fluorouracil/mitomycin C.METHODS:In the ACT I trial, associations between several baseline characteristics and 3 endpoints were investigated: locoregional failure (LRF), anal cancer death (ACD), and OS. The analyses were restricted to 292 patients who received CRT, which subsequently became standard treatment. A score was derived using multivariable Cox regression to identify the set of factors that, together, had the best prognostic performance. This score was then validated with a large, independent prospective trial (the ACT II trial).RESULTS:Palpable, clinically positive lymph nodes were associated with LRF (P = .012), a greater risk of ACD (P = .031), and decreased OS (P = .006) in multivariable analyses. Men had worse outcomes than women for LRF (P = .036), ACD (P = .039), and OS (P = .008). On average, a lower hemoglobin level had an adverse effect on ACD (P = .008), and a higher white blood cell count had an adverse effect on OS (P = .001). However, external validation of the score was poor for LRF (area under the curve [AUC] = 54%) but was better for ACD (AUC = 67%) and OS (AUC = 63%).CONCLUSIONS:The results from this analysis of the ACT I trial supported evidence for palpable lymph nodes and male sex as prognostic factors for LRF and OS, and lower hemoglobin levels and a higher white blood cell count were identified as prognostic factors for ACD and OS, respectively. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
How is Employee Perception of Organizational Efforts in Corporate Social Responsibility Related to Their Satisfaction and Loyalty Towards Developing Harmonious Society in Chinese Enterprises?
Authors: Zhu Qinghua , Yin Hang , Liu Junjun , Lai Kee‐hung 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAs a major part of corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, Chinese companies have emphasized employee satisfaction to achieve sustainable development. However, it is still unclear how employees perceive organizational CSR efforts and whether such perceptions bring employee satisfaction and loyalty. To answer these timely inquires, we developed and empirically tested a theoretical framework modeling employee satisfaction as both mediator and moderator on the relationship between employee perception of organizational CSR efforts and their loyalty to enterprises. Based on 438 usable questionnaires collected from four typical companies, we found that solely providing money‐related welfare and improving the working environment can be detrimental to employee loyalty, but by increasing employee satisfaction of personal treatment, companies can mitigate such a side‐effect. Employee satisfaction of personal treatment and general company effort are necessary to enhance their affective commitment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
On the usage of resonate and fire dynamics in the complex oscillation‐based test approach
Authors: Callegari Sergio , Pareschi Fabio , Setti Gianluca , Soma Mani 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTResonate and Fire (R+F) models were introduced to account for many phenomena occurring in biological neurons showing sub‐threshold oscillations of the membrane potential. In information technology, they are at the basis of Chaotic Spiking Oscillators (CSOs), exploitable in Pulse Coupled Neural Networks (PCNNs). This paper illustrates how the R + F paradigm can also be used for the testing of analog signal processing structures (and specifically filters), extending the Oscillation Based Test (OBT) framework. The rich dynamics of the R + F model is used to encode the block under test features and faults into pulse trains directly processable at the digital level. Means to achieve a precise characterization of firing times are provided and used for parametric testing. Considerations about the trade‐off between testing times and accuracy are provided together with a practical example and simulation data. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving PCA‐based anomaly detection by using multiple time scale analysis and Kullback–Leibler divergence
Authors: Callegari Christian , Gazzarrini Loris , Giordano Stefano , Pagano Michele , Pepe Teresa 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYThe increasing number of network attacks causes growing problems for network operators and users. Thus, detecting anomalous traffic is of primary interest in IP networks management.In this paper, we address the problem considering a method based on PCA for detecting network anomalies. In more detail, this paper presents a new technique that extends the state of the art in PCA‐based anomaly detection. Indeed, by means of multi‐scale analysis and Kullback–Leibler divergence, we are able to obtain great improvements with respect to the performance of the ‘classical’ approach. Moreover, we also introduce a method for identifying the flows responsible for an anomaly detected at the aggregated level.The performance analysis, presented in this paper, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo notch reactivation in differentiating cochlear hair cells induces sox2 and prox1 expression but does not disrupt hair cell maturation
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Owen Thomas , Fang Jie , Srinivasan R. Sathish , Zuo Jian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCOVER PHOTOGRAPH: Lineage tracing of Prox1 expressing inner ear cochlear cells in Prox1CreEGFP/+; Rosa26‐EYFPloxp/+ mice at P23. All cochlear hair cells are labeled with calbindin in red. EYFP in green historically records the cochlear cells experiencing Prox1 expression during the development, which include hair cells and supporting cells (both inside and outside the organ of Corti). From Liu et al., Developmental Dynamics 241:684–696, 2012.
Exploring the Route to 1,3,5‐Triazine‐2,4,6‐triisocyanate (C6N6O3), a Hydrogen‐Free Molecular Precursor for Polymeric C–N–(O) Materials
Authors: Schmidt Carsten Ludwig , Jansen Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report on the synthesis of 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triisocyanate [C3N3(NCO)3]. The hydrogen‐free compound, a new molecular precursor for the realisation of C–N–(O) networks (e.g., C2N2O, C3N4), has been obtained in a five‐step reaction sequence with well‐defined intermediates. Starting from cyanoformiate, triethyl 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylate (C12O6N3H15) was prepared and identified by means of spectroscopic and thermal methods. In addition, the crystal structures of two modifications were solved [high temperature (HT): P63/m (no. 176), a = 11.07(2) Å, c = 6.83(4) Å, γ = 120°, V = 725.80(2) Å3, Z = 2; low temperature (LT): P21/n (no. 14), a = 21.75(2) Å, b = 6.54(5) Å, c = 21.81(0) Å, β = 119.81(0)°, V = 2693.98(6) Å3, Z = 8]. Hydrolysis of the ester under alkaline conditions (KOH) yielded the corresponding salt of 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐tricarboxylic acid, C3N3(COO)3K3·2H2O [P$\bar {1}$ (no. 2), a = 6.95(0) Å, b = 17.45(8) Å, c = 17.54(1) Å, α = 119.76(0)°, β = 92.04(0)°, γ = 93.92(0) °Å; V = 1837.63(0) Å3, Z = 6]. The dried salt was converted into 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐tricarbonyl trichloride [C3N3(COCl)3] by reaction with POCl3. The trichloride was also studied by means of single‐crystal structure analysis [P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.73(6) Å, b = 11.21(1) Å, c = 17.03(1) Å, β = 91.91(1)°, V = 1857.87(23) Å3, Z = 8]. Further reaction of the molecular acid chloride with AgN3 gave the acyl azide, which was converted in situ into the product 1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triisocyanate by means of a thermally induced Curtius rearrangement. The final product was studied by thermal and spectroscopic methods. Owing to the high chemical reactivity of the isocyanate groups, oligomerisation/polymerisation of the molecular compound occurred immediately at room temperature, thus forming amorphous uretdione‐type coordination compounds. The uretdione‐based network has been converted into the corresponding molecular carbamates (R–NH–CO–OR) by reaction with ethanol [P63/m (no. 176), a = 14.873(12) Å, c = 6.605(7) Å, γ = 120°, Z = 2, V = 1265(2) Å3] and 2‐propanol [P43 (no. 78), a = 13.526(8) Å, c = 12.956(2) Å, Z = 4, V = 2370.5(3) Å3]. The potential of this new precursor in the field of carbon nitrides as well as carbon oxynitrides is discussed briefly.
Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Dinuclear High‐Spin Iron(III) Complex with Face‐to‐Face Bis(Salen)‐Type Ligands
Authors: Ishikawa Ryuta , Breedlove Brian K. , Yamashita Masahiro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSynthesis and crystal structure of the dinuclear complex threo‐[FeIII2(saltab)(Him)4](ClO4)2·2MeOH (1) {H4saltab = (2R,3S)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrakis(salicylideneamino)butane, a bis(salen)‐type Schiff base ligand, and Him = imidazole} are reported. The magnetic behavior of 1 showed that it was in a high‐spin state over the whole temperature region.
A Salicylaldoxime [Mn12] Complex with an Unprecedented [MnIII4MnII8(μ‐OCH3)4] Core
Authors: Hołyńska Małgorzata , Clérac Rodolphe , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA mixed‐valent [Mn12] complex with an unprecedented [MnIII4MnII8(μ‐OCH3)4] core was obtained by oxidation of MnCl2 in the presence of salicylaldoxime (saoH2). This complex adopts a rare topology based on a central [MnII4] cage decorated by four dinuclear [MnII–MnIII] motifs. Studies of the magnetic properties show the presence of strong intracomplex antiferromagnetic interactions and suggest an ST = 2 spin ground state.
Lewis‐Acid‐Promoted Arylation Reaction: Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran Derivatives from Aryltriazenes
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Wang Binjie , Yang Weijun , Ren Hongjun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA Lewis‐acid‐promoted approach to the synthesis of highly functionalized dihydrobenzofuran derivatives was developed. A diverse range of functional groups are tolerated in this type of reaction. The reaction mechanism investigation indicates that the highly reactive phenyl cation intermediate is probably involved in this process. The chirality of substrate is retained under the reaction conditions.
Synthesis of L‐Altrose and Some Derivatives
Authors: Lunau Nathalie , Meier Chris 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA convenient approach to the chemical synthesis of L‐altrose (1) and its 6‐deoxy derivative 2 has been developed by starting from D‐galactose (9) and D‐fucose (10), respectively. The 5‐epimerization by a Mitsunobu inversion of the open‐chain D‐hexoses was the key step for these routes. Furthermore, the conversion of 2 into peracetylated TDP‐6‐deoxy‐α‐L‐altrose (3a) was achieved by the cycloSal approach. However, the final deacetylation led to an unexpected side‐reaction resulting in the previously unknown 6‐deoxy‐α‐L‐altropyranose 1,3‐cyclophosphate (4).
[n]Pseudorotaxanes (n = 2, 3) from Self‐Assembly of Two Cryptands and a 1,2‐Bis(4‐pyridinium)ethane Derivative
Authors: Yan Xuzhou , Chi Xiaodong , Wei Peifa , Zhang Mingming , Huang Feihe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEfficient host–guest complexation and interesting self‐assembled structures formed between two crown ether‐based cryptands and a 1,2‐bis(4‐pyridinium)ethane derivative 3 are reported. By self‐assembly of cis‐dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8‐based cryptand 1 and guest 3, a [3]pseudorotaxane was formed in solution, which further formed a supramolecular poly[3]pseudorotaxane structure in the solid state driven by π‐π stacking interactions. Meanwhile, a [2]pseudorotaxane, obtained from self‐assembly of a bis(m‐phenylene)‐32‐crown‐10‐based cryptand 2 and guest 3, can form a supramolecular poly[2]pseudorotaxane structure in the solid state. This difference in the binding model reflects the diversity of host–guest chemistry of crown ether‐based cryptands. Furthermore, these host–guest recognition processes and self‐assembled structures were fully characterized by 1H NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Interestingly, formation of the [3]pseudorotaxane between cryptand 1 and guest 3 can be reversibly controlled by adding and removing potassium cations in acetone. This reversible complexation process provides a simple on/off mechanism that can be used in the construction of controllable molecular switches.
Derivatives of (–)‐Isosteviol with Expanded Ring D and Various Oxygen Functionalities
Authors: Lohoelter Christina , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract(–)‐Isosteviol is a unique ex‐chiral‐pool building block that is readily available. Both functional groups are aligned in a concave manner. The methyl moiety on the backbone also points in this direction, creating a strong asymmetric environment close to these functional groups. The slightly divergent orientation of the keto and carboxy functions limits its use in the construction of supramolecular architectures as optically pure divalent building blocks. By selective transformations, ring D of (–)‐isosteviol can be expanded and equipped with oxygen‐containing functionalities, providing a variety of useful and rigid building blocks with defined stereochemistry.
Calibration and use of the polar organic chemical integrative sampler—a critical review
Authors: Harman Christopher , Allan Ian John , Vermeirssen Etiënne L. M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The implementation of strict environmental quality standards for polar organic priority pollutants poses a challenge for monitoring programs. The polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) may help to address the challenge of measuring low and fluctuating trace concentrations of such organic contaminants, offering significant advantages over traditional sampling. In the present review, the authors evaluate POCIS calibration methods and factors affecting sampling rates together with reported environmental applications. Over 300 compounds have been shown to accumulate in POCIS, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, hormones, and industrial chemicals. Polar organic chemical integrative sampler extracts have been used for both chemical and biological analyses. Several different calibration methods have been described, which makes it difficult to directly compare sampling rates. In addition, despite the fact that some attempts to correlate sampling rates with the properties of target compounds such as log KOW have been met with varying success, an overall model that can predict uptake is lacking. Furthermore, temperature, water flow rates, salinity, pH, and fouling have all been shown to affect uptake; however, there is currently no robust method available for adjusting for these differences. Overall, POCIS has been applied to a wide range of sampling environments and scenarios and has been proven to be a useful screening tool. However, based on the existing literature, a more mechanistic approach is required to increase understanding and thus improve the quantitative nature of the measurements. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012; 31: 2724–2738. © 2012 SETAC
Transoral resection of pharyngeal cancer: Summary of a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee Clinical Trials Planning Meeting, November 6–7, 2011, Arlington, Virginia
Authors: Adelstein David J. , Ridge John A. , Brizel David M. , Holsinger F. Christopher , Haughey Bruce H. , O'Sullivan Brian , Genden Eric M. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Weinstein Gregory S. , Quon Harry , Chepeha Douglas B. , Ferris Robert L. , Weber Randal S. , Movsas Benjamin , Waldron John , Lowe Val , Ramsey Scott , Manola Judith , Yueh Bevan , Carey Thomas E. , Bekelman Justin E. , Konski Andre A. , Moore Eric , Forastiere Arlene , Schuller David E. , Lynn Jean , Ullmann Claudio Dansky 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent advances now permit resection of many pharyngeal tumors through the open mouth, an approach that can greatly reduce the morbidity of surgical exposure. These transoral techniques are being rapidly adopted by the surgical community and hold considerable promise. On November 6–7, 2011, the National Cancer Institute sponsored a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting to address how to further investigate the use of transoral surgery, both in the good prognosis human papillomavirus (HPV)–initiated oropharyngeal cancers, and in those with HPV‐unrelated disease. The proceedings of this meeting are summarized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Perceived supervisor support climate, perceived investment in employee development climate, and business‐unit performance
Authors: Dysvik Anders , Kuvaas Bård 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPerceived supervisor support (PSS) has been found to predict employee in‐role and extra‐role performance at the individual level of analysis. With respect to the unit level of analysis, the research on the predictive role of PSS remains limited. In particular, calls have been made for research on the role of leadership in facilitating perceived HR practices at the business‐unit level and on the role of line managers as implementers of such systems. In response to such calls, this study investigated the associations between PSS climate, perceived investment in employee development (PIED) climate, and business‐unit performance among 75 gas stations located in Norway. The results showed that the PSS climate was positively related to both the PIED climate and the business‐unit performance. This study contributes to research on PSS by extending the prior findings at the individual level to the unit level of analysis. Also, the study contributes to the research on perceived HR practices by demonstrating the facilitative role of the PSS climate. Finally, the study contributes to the research on shared perceptions of HR practices generally and the concept of the “strength” of the HRM system in particular. Implications for practice and future research are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reexamination of the web‐based job demand for PHR and SPHR certifications in the United States
Authors: Lyons Brian D. , Mueller Lorin M. , Gruys Melissa L. , Meyers Aaron J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOver the past decade, the exponential growth in Professional in Human Resources (PHR) and Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) certifications awarded by the Human Resource Certification Institute substantiates the need to reexamine the base rate of HR job announcements that require or prefer such certification. Based on a sample of Web‐based job announcements in 2002, Aguinis, Michaelis, and Jones (2005) reported that only 1.4 percent required or preferred PHR/SPHR certification. Using a similar design, the current study found that 15.6 percent of job announcements required or preferred PHR/SPHR certification, which is nearly 11 times the rate found in the Aguinis et al. (2005) study. Results also suggested the demand for PHR/SPHR certification was positively related to experience, educational level, and job title level, with the base rate reaching 25.1 percent for managerial HR roles.
Molecular patterns in the evolution of serrated lesion of the colorectum
Authors: Gaiser Timo , Meinhardt Sandra , Hirsch Daniela , Killian Jonathan Keith , Gaedcke Jochen , Jo Peter , Ponsa Immaculada , Miró Rosa , Rüschoff Josef , Seitz Gerhard , Hu Yue , Camps Jordi , Ried Thomas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) mostly develops from a variety of polyps following mainly three different molecular pathways: chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI) and CpG island methylation (CIMP). Polyps are classified histologically as conventional adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/P) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). However, the association of these polyps with the different types of CRCs and the underlying genetic and epigenetic aberrations has yet to be resolved. In order to address this question we analyzed 140 tumors and 20 matched mucosae by array comparative genomic hybridization, by sequence analysis of the oncogenes BRAF, KRAS,
PI3K3CA and by methylation arrays. MSI was tested indirectly by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a loss of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2 was assigned as high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H), while low microsatellite instability (MSI‐L) was defined as MGMT IHC negativity only. CIN was detected in 78% of all MSI‐H CRCs, most commonly as a gain of chromosome 8. Methylation data analyses allowed classification of samples into four groups and detected similar methylation profiles in SSA/P and MSI‐H CRC. TSA also revealed aberrant methylation pattern, but clustered more heterogeneously and closer to microsatellite stable (MSS) CRCs. SSA/P, TSA and MSI‐H CRCs had the highest degree of promotor methylation (CIMP pathway). Chromosomal instability, in contrast to the established doctrine, is a common phenomenon in MSI CRCs, yet to a lower extent and at later stages than in MSS CRCs. Methylation analyses suggest that SSA/P are precursors for MSI‐H CRCs and follow the CIMP pathway.
Functional effect of polymorphisms in 15q25 locus on CHRNA5 mRNA, bulky DNA adducts and TP53 mutations
Authors: Tekpli Xavier , Landvik Nina E. , Skaug Vidar , Gulsvik Amund , Haugen Aage , Zienolddiny Shanbeh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGenome‐wide association studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms influence the risk of developing lung cancer. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha3, alpha5 and beta4 genes (CHRNA3, CHRNA5 and CHRNB4) cluster at the 15q25.1 lung cancer susceptibility locus. We genotyped 310 patients with non‐small cell lung cancer and a control group of 348 cancer‐free individuals for seven sequence variants located in CHRNA3 and CHRNA5 genes. Two of the polymorphisms (rs3829787 and rs3841324) statistically influenced the risk of developing lung cancer. We found that four of the variants (rs3829787, rs3841324, rs588765 and rs3743073) were associated with differential levels of genetic alterations measured as the levels of hydrophobic DNA adducts in the adjacent histologically normal tissue of the lung cancer patients and as TP53 mutations in their lung tumors. The seven sequence variants formed three haplotypes with a frequency above 5%. The two most frequent haplotypes were associated with the risk of developing lung cancer and with smoking‐related DNA alterations. We also found an association between CHRNA5 mRNA levels and the sequence variants or haplotypes. In conclusion, our results showed that several of the polymorphisms and their haplotypes in CHRNA5/CHRNA3 genes may have functional effects on (i) CHRNA5 mRNA levels, (ii) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon–DNA adduct levels, (iii) TP53 mutations and (iv) susceptibility to lung cancer.