bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Displacement versus velocity memory effects from a gravitational plane wave
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Uzan Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article demonstrates that additionally to the well-known velocity memory effect, a vacuum gravitational plane wave can also induce a displacement memory on a couple of test particles. A complete classification of the conditions under which a velocity or a displacement memory effect occur is established. These conditions depend both the initial conditions of the relative motion and on the wave profile. The two cases where the wave admits a pulse or a step profile are treated. Our analytical expressions are then compared to numerical integrations to exhibit either a velocity or a displacement memory, in the case of these two families of profiles. Additionally to this classification, the existence of a new symmetry of polarized vacuum gravitational plane wave under Möbius reparametrization of the null time is demonstrated. Finally, we discuss the resolution of the geodesic deviation equation by means of the underlying symmetries of vacuum gravitational plane wave.
Riemann–Hilbert approach and soliton solutions for the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation with nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Yilin , Li Biao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We construct the Riemann–Hilbert problem of the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation with nonzero boundary conditions, and use the Laurent expansion and Taylor series expansion to obtain the exact formulas of the soliton solutions in the case of a higher-order pole and multiple higher-order poles. The dynamic behaviors of a simple pole, a second-order pole and a simple pole plus a second-order pole are demonstrated.
Anomaly detection for atomic clocks using unsupervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chen Edwin , Charbonneau André , Gertsvolf Marina , Wang Yunli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Atomic clocks are the most accurate timekeeping instruments in the world and play a crucial role in numerous applications, notably in satellite navigation. Nonetheless, the accuracy of these clock signals is subject to anomalies, highlighting the importance of anomaly characterization and detection. In our study, we identify three types of anomalies in the phase data of atomic clocks—outliers, phase jumps and inflection points, and also frequency jumps in the frequency data, which corresponds to the inflection points. The novelty of our work lies in the application of machine learning methods for atomic clock anomaly detection (AD), as opposed to traditional algorithms. We introduce a variety of unsupervised AD and change point detection (CPD) algorithms from the realms of statistics and machine learning, propose a customized thresholding function for AD, and evaluate AD and CPD algorithms on both synthetic and real-world atomic clock data. Our experiments reveal that the subsequence local outlier factor algorithm achieves excellent performance in detecting outliers and phase jumps, but struggles with inflection points. Crucially, we found that the application of a CPD algorithm specifically for detecting the frequency jumps in frequency data substantially improves performance. Our study adopts unsupervised machine learning methods for AD provides robust detection strategies, thereby contributing an expanded understanding of the use of machine learning for clock data monitoring.
Enhancing electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries with diverse nanomaterials
Authors: Cui Zijun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can be widely used, there are some challenges such as safety risks, lower energy density compared to fossil fuels, high cost, long charging times and limited range in electric vehicles. Nanomaterials, with their unique properties and surface effects, can effectively address these challenges and improve the electrochemical performance of LIBs. This research introduces six types of nanomaterials used in LIBs, including TiS3 nanoflakes, ZnMn2O4 nanobundles, ZrO2 surface-modified cathode material, nitrogen-doped carbon fibers with tin (Sn) nanoparticles, carbon nanosheets, and nanostructured bismuth-carbon composites. These recent advancements in nanomaterials can improve electrochemical performance of LIBs, such as specific capacity, cycling ability and stability. The study offers some innovative insights and approaches in using nanomaterials and synthesizing them for emerging battery technologies. In addition, this research is wished to provide a fresh perspective and methodology that can advance the performance and design of LIBs, and provide a new design approach for nanomaterials.
Comparative study of direct solid-gas carbonation and direct aqueous carbonation for carbon capture and storage
Authors: Wang Jack 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant contributor to global warming and environmental issues, necessitating the development of practical storage solutions. As an alternative to CO2 storage in subsurface formations, mineral carbonation, which offers long-term CO2 storage and advantages like thermodynamics and energy economy, is gaining popularity. Also, the possible repurposing of carbonated solid waste in the building and construction industry contributes to the reduction of CO2. However, large-scale implementation of natural mineral carbonation remains a challenge. This study investigates the comparative advantages and disadvantages of direct solid-gas and direct aqueous carbonation, two carbon capture and storage (CCS) methods for combating atmospheric CO2 emissions. The research focuses on reaction kinetics, capture efficiency, recovery efficiency, leakage security, and cost-effectiveness. Both methods have the potential to capture CO2 efficiently, but they differ in their effectiveness and feasibility. Direct solid-gas carbonation exhibits higher reaction rates and capture efficiency, while direct aqueous carbonation has lower energy requirements and is easier to implement at ambient temperature and pressure. Further research is essential to fully understand the comparative merits and drawbacks of direct solid-gas and aqueous carbonation and devise strategies to minimize their environmental impact. Furthermore, to ensure economic feasibility, future research should focus on lowering CO2 sequestration costs, increasing the scale of captured CO2 usage in industrial processes, and developing a circular economy by transforming captured CO2 into valuable metal carbonates.
How new nanomaterials can improve the performance of lithium batteries
Authors: Wu Zhiyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, lithium batteries have become energy storage methods in many fields for their advantages of high energy density, and many fields such as civil electric vehicles, electronic products, and aerospace rely on lithium batteries. At present, the performance demand for lithium batteries in electric vehicles is increasing, and finding ways to improve the performance of lithium batteries has become a top priority. Since silicon has the highest theoretical specific capacity, carbon nanotube technology is relatively mature, and the research and development prospects of new negative electrode materials for nano-batteries are broad. This paper analyzes the different influences of nano-silicon-based materials, carbon nanotubes modified by new materials and new negative nano-lithium materials on lithium batteries from nanomaterials. And summarize their respective roles to help readers further understand the application of nanomaterials in lithium batteries. It is designed to help readers further understand the application of nanomaterials in lithium batteries.
Study on the performance of lithium iron phosphate battery based on its application in transportation field
Authors: Lu Yingjie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The technology of lithium iron phosphate batteries is increasingly becoming developed and stable as a result of the new energy sector’s quick and steady development. With its unique performance advantages and characteristics, lithium iron phosphate battery occupies a large market share and has a wide range of application scenarios. This paper analyzes the specific application scenarios of lithium iron phosphate batteries in the field of transportation and derives the specific performance advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Lithium iron phosphate battery has high energy density, high safety, high cycle life, high-temperature adaptability and other performance advantages. In addition, Lithium iron phosphate batteries are also inexpensive and kind to the environment. Therefore, lithium iron phosphate batteries can better meet the demand for battery applications in the field of transportation. At the same time, these advantages also make the lithium iron phosphate battery in other areas such as communication energy storage and peak energy storage have a high application value. By specifically studying the advantages of lithium iron phosphate, I believe that we can further promote the market application of lithium iron phosphate batteries and provide a method of reference for other batteries.
The effects of herbs on the runoff and sediment-producing mechanism in Jinyang Ancient City
Authors: Shang Ruihua , Gu Ruifang , Han Pengju , Liu Weiwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To study the effects of herbs on the runoff and sediment producing mechanism of Jinyang Ancient City, this study used the method of field artificial rainfall experiments to compare the earthen sites slope effects on the runoff producing, sediment producing, and soil infiltration of the plant slope surface in different periods. The conclusions are as follows. The phenomenon of petrichor was related to the withered herb coverage on the surface of the slope. The fluctuation amplitude of the soil volume moisture content was related to its distance to the surface. The runoff producing effects of different slopes were in descending order of Bare Soil slope, Fresh Herbs slope, and Withered Herbs slope. The sediment producing effects were in descending order of Bare Soil slope, Withered Herbs slope, and Fresh Herbs slope. The sediment yield intensity was positively correlated with runoff intensity, but its variation peak lagged slightly behind the latter. The runoff intensity and sediment yield was influenced by the dual effects of rainfall intensity and rainfall time, and sometimes the impact of rainfall time was higher than that of rainfall intensity. A research assistance in can be hopefully provided in this study on protecting earthen sites from rainfall erosion through plant covering.
Beyond earth: Evaluating SiC and GaN as next-generation semiconductors for Venus exploration
Authors: Wang Junbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper evaluates Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) as potential wide-bandgap semiconductor materials for Venus’ surface exploration. Both materials possess properties advantageous for withstanding Venus’ extreme conditions. Through an in-depth comparison, the study examines stability, energy efficiency, and integration levels of both materials. Although GaN showcases superior electron mobility and potential for high energy efficiency, it confronts challenges in large-scale circuit integration due to its limited wafer size and intricacies in device structure design. Conversely, SiC-based processors have demonstrated operability at high temperatures, with performance comparable to computers used in previous space missions. While neither material currently achieves the processing prowess of past space exploration computers, the study recommends SiC for Venus exploration due to its demonstrated capabilities and higher potential for integration. The paper concludes that optimized SiC processors hold promise for future Venusian surface missions.
A review of SLAM techniques and applications in unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Fang Ruinan , He Peidong , Gao Yangyang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM) is a foundational idea in the field of robotics. It involves the processing of sensor signals and the optimisation of pose-graphs. SLAM has found several applications in various domains, including but not limited to courier services, agriculture, environmental monitoring, and military operations, particularly with the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). There exist several applications. This work aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of three Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms, namely CNN-SLAM, Linearized Kalman Filter (LKF), and Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Additionally, it will explore the utilisation of SLAM algorithms in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) by examining its use in precision agriculture, geological surveys, and Emergency Scenarios. This section will outline certain issues that SLAM algorithms may encounter in relation to wide area applications, real-time processing and efficiency, robustness, and dynamic objects within the environment. Ultimately, this study will undertake a comparative analysis of the merits and drawbacks associated with the three algorithms, while also putting up potential remedies for the aforementioned issues.
Developments of heavy metal removal methods during the latest decade based on Citespace analysis
Authors: Zhai Yuhao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has been one of the most important issues all around the world. Millions of people caught serious diseases because of such pollutions. Thus, many research focused on heavy metal removal, and several reviews had been made. However, most of them pay attention to a certain field. This research used mega data to offer a general view of the development of heavy metal removal in the past decade. With the help of software of Citespace, the clustering chart, timeline and landscape of certain topics are made from the Web of Science Core Collection between 2013 and 2023. From the clustering charts, we discovered the most popular topics in recent years, which are “Biosorption” “Adsorption” “Microalgae” “Electrocoagulation” “Biochar” and “Water treatment”. Also, we analyzed clusters one by one, and give a brief introduction of some of the most popular keywords of each topic. From the timelines, developments of each topic are given. We can conclude that “Biosorption” and “Biochar” are gaining more attention, while “Adsorption” is less and less popular. “Microalgae”, “Electrocoagulation” and “Water treatment” have stable popularity. This article is aimed to introduce a new method of analyzing data and up-to-date information in heavy metal removal to readers.
Experimental study on classification and identification method for fault signals of mining steel wire ropes
Authors: Zhou Zeyang , Zhang Mingzhu , Tian Jie , Huang Jingwen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the coal mining production process, wire ropes play a crucial role as the main tool for transporting personnel and materials in the entire coal mine hoisting system, and their fault identification is particularly critical. To address the problem of fault identification of mining wire ropes, a recognition model design combining K Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) with Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM) is proposed. Firstly, K Singular Value Decomposition is used to denoise the collected wire rope damage signals. Feature vectors are extracted from the denoised and reconstructed signals to form the feature set of wire rope damage. Genetic Algorithm is utilized to select the optimal parameters of the Support Vector Machine and train it to obtain the optimal identification model for wire rope damage. Simulation and experimental results show that compared with wavelet thresholding and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) denoising algorithms, the method using K Singular Value Decomposition for denoising achieves a signal-to-noise ratio of 25.166dB and a root mean square error of 0.805. Compared with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) optimized Support Vector Machine identification model, the identification rate of the Support Vector Machine identification model optimized by Genetic Algorithm is higher, reaching 96.67%. This method realizes accurate identification of different damage signals of wire ropes, which is conducive to ensuring the safe and efficient production of coal mines.
Review on low power design of digital integrated circuits
Authors: Hu Weijun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With the rapid development of science and technology, integrated circuit (IC) plays an increasingly important role in our daily life. Moreover, due to the increasing reduction of chip process size, the IC had greatly improved on its integration and performance. However, because of the improvement of the system complexity and the widely applied to various mobile devices, power consumption becomes an important limitation of the development in chip design. Power consumption not only affects the chip package type and cost, but also causes the increasing of chip temperature, which will directly affect the reliability of chips. On the other hand, high power consumption will also harm the stability of chips. Low power design are becoming more and more imminent, so low-power design are becoming a tendency of designing digital integrated circuits. This paper firstly introduces the importance of nowadays IC research, some background principles and research process of integrated circuits, then analyses the current challenges of designing low-power ICs and also research the power consumption of digital integrated circuits, later explores and analyses the low-power design methods in two different ways. And finally summarize the research status on low-power design circuits with some relevant personal views and the vision to the future are also put forward.
3D packaging and Moore’s Law
Authors: Yuan Yifan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper describes how the semiconductor industry has seen steady improvements in key metrics such as performance, power consumption, and area, but as the semiconductor industry shrinks in device size and the technical challenges of ever-increasing performance demands, it is critical to improve chip performance for maximizing the operating frequency of individual ICs and reducing their power consumption. But when talking about improving chip performance, it is important not to focus solely on the individual integrated circuit (IC), but to evaluate it as part of the overall system. For example, as microprocessor frequency increases, so does the demand for main memory data. However, if the connections between the chips that transfer data to the processor do not keep pace with the increase in performance, these connections can become a bottleneck in the performance of the entire system. Instead, this paper describes a typical architecture for semiconductor 3D integration, highlights the technology choices for 3D integration implementation, and analyzes and explains the design challenges it presents. After outlining the above, this paper also analyzes the applications and achievements of 3D integration technology in recent years.
Direct position determination algorithm based on wideband array signal model in external illuminator system
Authors: Lin Guorui , Jiang Yuan , Hu Kejia , Zhao Lei , He Shuming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Target location and tracking are among the most critical applications for external illuminator systems. Most traditional array signal direct position determination (DPD) techniques are based on narrowband signals. With the advancement of communication technology, various wideband signals are extensively utilized in communication systems, leading to the failure of some traditional DPD techniques. To address this issue, this article proposes a new DPD algorithm for wideband array signals. First, we suppress the direct wave (DW) interference in the received signal. Then, a cost function for the target coordinate is constructed based on the Maximum Likelihood (ML) criterion, and a phase matching matrix is created for the problem of unknown signal transmission time. Finally, the position estimation is obtained from the peak of the cost function. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms traditional two-step localization methods based on the time difference of arrival of signals, particularly in cases where DW interference is present in the received signal.
Stepped ohmic structure of AlGaN/GaN HEMT with lower off-state leakage current
Authors: Li Gen , Wu Yang , Ma Lingmei , Lin Haofeng , Qian Rong , Wu Liang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Utilizing the TCAD-ATLAS platform, we performed accurate fitting of the electrical characteristics of GaN HEMT devices, achieving a fitting error of less than 5%. Building upon this parameter fitting, we introduced a stepped ohmic structure and compared it with the conventional rectangular structure. The findings highlight the significant impact of the ohmic structure on the off-state drain leakage current of the device. Through the implementation of the stepped ohmic structure, a remarkable reduction in the off-state leakage current was achieved. Specifically, the off-state leakage current decreased by three orders of magnitude, declining from 10−5 mA/mm to 10−8 mA/mm. Importantly, this improvement in leakage current was accomplished without adversely affecting the device’s output characteristics. These results underscore the effectiveness of the stepped ohmic structure in enhancing the overall performance of GaN HEMT devices.
Unrepeatered transmission of single-carrier 800 Gb/s over 447.96 km with simplified third-order ROPA system
Authors: Li Shuheng , Long Han , Huang Liyan , Huang Chao , Wu Jianjun , Liang Yudong , Duan Mingxiong , Chen Fangzheng , Wang Wenzhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To achieve the longest distance of 800 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission, we use commercial 800 Gb/s transceivers with soft-decision FEC, optimized high-order Raman pumps, and enhanced bidirectional ROPA with third-order Raman pumping in this experiment to optimize system performance. Two types of G.654E fibers are also fully characterized and used as span fibers. The improvement of transmission distance is mainly due to the remote pump power for RGU can be increased by nearly 4 dB in G.654E fiber by the third-order Raman pumping. At last, a single 800 Gb/s channel is transmitted over 447.96 km with a span loss of 73.16 dB. As far as we know, this is the longest 800 Gb/s unrepeatered transmission distance ever reported.
QoS-Oriented uplink OFDMA random access for the next-gen WLAN
Authors: Sun Kexin , Xie Gang , Liu Yunbo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
OFDMA, introduced by the IEEE 802.11ax standard, divides the channel into multiple resource units (RUs), enabling parallel access for multiple users. On this basis, we propose a QoS-oriented double arbitration random access (Q-DARA) scheme. This scheme ensures high-priority priority access through priority arbitration in the first phase and random code arbitration in the second phase. It can also greatly reduce collisions and effectively guarantee the QoS of high-priority traffic. Simulation shows that our proposed scheme has better performance on throughput and latency. Compared to the traditional EDCA, the throughput and latency increase by more than 70%. Compared to the PATB scheme, the throughput increases by about 20%, and the latency increases by about 23%. Moreover, our proposed scheme has almost no changes to the protocol and is suitable for 802.11ax and beyond.