bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemodialysis Catheter Tip Design: Observations on Fluid Flow and Recirculation
Authors: Vesely Thomas M. , Ravenscroft Adrian 
Published: September 2015

Purpose To observe fluid flow patterns and measure recirculation rates of tunneled hemodialysis catheters using a mechanical model that simulates hemodialysis treatment. Materials and methods Nine tunneled hemodialysis catheters were evaluated using a mechanical model that simulated catheter conditions during a routine hemodialysis treatment. Objective and subjective determinants of catheter performance were measured and compared. Catheters were evaluated with blood lines connected in standard and reversed configurations using a fluid flow rate of 425 ml/min. Results With blood lines in standard configuration the Split Cath® was the only catheter to exhibit an atypical fluid flow pattern and significant tip movement. When the blood lines were reversed, three split-tip catheters had significant tip movement. The three step-tip catheters and two symmetric tip catheters had stable fluid flow patterns and no significant tip movement with blood lines connected in standard and reverse configurations. The nine catheters had no recirculation when connected in standard configuration. When the blood lines were reversed the percentage of recirculating fluid for symmetric tip, step-tip, and split-tip catheters was 0%, 15% to 20%, and 20% to 30%, respectively. The Equistream®, Palindrome™, and Symetrex catheters had no recirculation with blood lines connected in standard or reversed configurations. Conclusions Eight of the nine catheters evaluated in this study performed well with blood lines connected in standard configuration. When blood lines were reversed, symmetric tip and step-tip designs had more stable fluid flow patterns, less tip movement and lower recirculation rates when compared to split-tip designs.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E CARTOGRAFIA EM ESCALA DE DETALHE DAS FEIÇÕES FLUVIAIS DERIVADAS DO RIO PEQUENO, ANTONINA-PR
Authors: Silva Julio Manoel França da , Santos Leonardo José Cordeiro 
Published: September 2015

O presente artigo aborda a questão da cartografia geomorfológica de detalhe, especificadamente das feições fluviais do rio Pequeno, cuja bacia hidrográfica está inserida na Serra do Mar paranaense, na porção que drena para a baía de Antonina, a nordeste do município homônimo. As etapas de trabalho contaram com interpretação das feições fluviais e uso e cobertura da terra mediante imagens do satélite SPOT-5 (Satellite pour L”Observation de la Terre); estabelecimento de pontos de análise e coleta de amostras (descrição morfológica de campo); análises laboratoriais (granulometria e teor de carbono orgânico); e uso de software de Sistema de Informações Geográficas para elaboração dos mapas representativos dos padrões e da distribuição espacial das feições fluviais. As unidades mapeadas foram: a) feições em calha fluvial – gerados por acreção lateral e constituídos por sedimentos de textura arenosa (barras centrais, barras de pontal, barras de atalho e meandros abandonados), apresentando perfis pedológicos pouco desenvolvidos; e b) feições de planície – gerados por acreção vertical, constituídos predominantemente por sedimentos de textura média (planície de inundação, terraços fluviais, planície distal, sulcos e lagoas), apresentando desde solos de maturação intermediária a bem desenvolvidos.
Quelques remarques épistémologiques et méthodologiques sur le judaïsme et le christianisme de l’Antiquité classique et tardive
Authors: Mimouni Simon C. 
Published: September 2015

Dans ces quelques remarques épistémologiques et méthodologiques sur les problèmes que posent les études historiques du judaïsme et du christianisme antiques, on se penche notamment sur les phénomènes de continuité et de discontinuité dont les incidences peuvent être « redoutables » dans les élaborations idéologiques contemporaines. On donne surtout des propos généraux sur le judaïsme et le christianisme dans l’Antiquité classique et tardive au regard des résultats de la recherche actuelle. On parle aussi des rapports entre judaïsme et christianisme à l’époque où ce dernier n’est qu’un mouvement parmi d’autres dans le cadre du premier, et des questions de légitimités qui ont débouché sur des conflits engendrant la distinction ou la séparation et la mise en place progressive de deux religions.
Odio humani generis
Authors: Piovanelli Pierluigi 
Published: September 2015

Tacite est le seul témoin explicite d’une persécution des « chrétiens » de Rome à la suite du célèbre incendie de la capitale, en 64 de notre ère, une catastrophe dont la population aurait attribué la responsabilité criminelle à l’empereur Néron, si les adeptes de cette « superstition pernicieuse » originaire de la Judée n’avaient pas été opportunément identifiés comme les coupables. Si, d’un côté, il est facile de comprendre la nécessité pour le pouvoir impérial de trouver rapidement des boucs émissaires, de l’autre, il n’est pas aisé de concevoir les raisons qui firent que le choix se porte sur les membres d’un groupe sectaire judéen tout à fait marginal. L’examen de quelques textes clés de Flavius Josèphe et des écrits apocalyptiques contemporains permet de mieux comprendre quelles étaient les attentes des milieux radicaux judéens et quelle était la perception que les Romains pouvaient avoir de ceux qui, à leurs yeux, n’étaient que des agitateurs et des brigands.
Augustin dans le sermon Dolbeau 26
Authors: Pasquier Anne 
Published: September 2015

Le sermon Dolbeau 26 provient d’un manuscrit datant de la deuxième moitié du xve siècle qui sortit de l’oubli grâce à la publication, en 1990, d’un catalogue de manuscrits de la Stadtbibliothek de Mayence (Mainz, Stadtbibliothek I, 9). Découvert par François Dolbeau, ce sermonnaire contient 63 sermons d’Augustin et un de Césaire d’Arles. L’intérêt pour ces oeuvres est d’autant plus grand que plusieurs des sermons sont partiellement ou complètement inédits. C’est le cas du sermon D. 26 en lequel s’élaborent plusieurs réflexions qu’Augustin exprimera par la suite dans la Cité de Dieu. Dans le cadre de cet article, seront examinés les thèmes et les enjeux identitaires que l’on peut déceler en particulier dans les chapitres 1 à 9 de ce sermon.
Assimilation chrétienne d’éléments païens
Authors: Roessli Jean-Michel 
Published: September 2015

Cette brève contribution a pour but de revenir sur une question soulevée par Miguel Herrero de Jáuregui (« Christian Assimilation of “Pagan” Elements : An Apologetic Concept ? », New Perspectives on Late Antiquity, edited by David Hernández de la Fuente, Cambridge, 2011, p. 380-392), à propos de la façon dont les historiens de l’Antiquité tardive envisagent les contacts ou échanges entre Juifs, chrétiens et païens et, plus particulièrement, les phénomènes d’acculturation ou d’appropriation culturelle. Cette question est abordée à la lumière de la figure d’Orphée, dont Miguel Herrero se sert pour illustrer sa thèse dans le domaine de l’iconographie religieuse, alors qu’il recourt à d’autres thèmes ou motifs pour vérifier son hypothèse dans la sphère des rites et de la poésie. La question soulevée est de savoir si l’opinio communis selon laquelle certains éléments de la culture païenne ont été « assimilés » à et par la culture chrétienne (et peut-être juive avant elle) est une représentation biaisée qui se fonde sur une construction apologétique plus ou moins inconsciente ou s’il s’agit d’une réalité culturelle historiquement attestée.
Étalement urbain, empreinte écologique et ville durable. Y a-t-il une solution de rechange à la densification ?
Authors: Simard Martin 
Published: September 2015

L’étalement urbain est un concept désormais classique en géographie et en urbanisme. Le terme semble même un peu passé de mode au Québec et au Canada. Non pas que la réalité spatiale qu’il dénonce soit révolue, mais à cause des difficultés majeures à en faire un objectif politique prioritaire ainsi qu’à contrer le phénomène sur le terrain. Malgré tout, le concept d’étalement urbain suscite un intérêt croissant en France, et il a été hissé au rang de problème mondial par l’ONU, en 2010. Par ailleurs, la montée du paradigme du développement durable remet le débat à l’ordre du jour à travers des mouvements comme ceux dunew urbanismet dusmarth growth. Dans ce contexte, le concept de l’étalement urbain mérite qu’on s’y attarde à nouveau. Ce sera donc l’objectif de cet article. D’abord, ce sujet pose avec acuité la question de la « bonne forme », question qui demeure centrale en urbanisme. Deuxièmement, l’étalement urbain est généralement traité de manière descriptive, alors que les dilemmes éthiques et politiques associés au contrôle strict de l’urbanisation sont nombreux. Est-il légitime pour les institutions politiques d’intervenir contre les désirs pavillonnaires de la majorité de la population ? De quelle manière le concept d’empreinte écologique peut-il contribuer au débat ? Y a-t-il d’autres modèles pour la ville durable que la densification ? Nous discuterons ces questions à l’aide d’une revue de littérature. Au final, nous proposons une utilisation nuancée des concepts d’étalement urbain et d’empreinte écologique, tout en constatant l’absence de modèle urbanistique générique pour ériger la ville durable.
L’émiettement urbain ? Ville compacte et ville diffuse sont dans le même bateau
Authors: Ruegg Jean , Salomon Cavin Joëlle , Quincerot Richard 
Published: September 2015

La ville compacte et la ville diffuse sont les deux faces indissociables de l’urbanisation contemporaine. Pour défendre ce point de vue, notre article revient d’abord sur la notion d’échelle géographique. Genève présente l’exemple d’une ville-centre très dense et d’une agglomération transfrontalière étalée, dont l’existence fut longtemps masquée par la présence d’une frontière nationale. En second lieu, nous présentons l’engouement pour la ville compacte et le rejet de la ville diffuse comme des instruments d’une « économie de la rareté ». Celle-ci entretient la gentrification dans les centres et la dispersion dans des périurbains toujours plus lointains. En troisième lieu, nous discutons l’hypothèse proposée par ce numéro thématique selon laquelle l’agriculture urbaine contribuerait à l’émergence d’une ville diffuse durable. Un enthousiasme aveugle pour cette piste pourrait, si elle n’est pas bien évaluée, perpétuer le processus global d’émiettement urbain et entraver l’identification d’approches innovantes pour faire face aux défis du moment.
Temporal trends in TB notification rates during ART scale‐up in Cape Town: an ecological analysis
Authors: Hermans Sabine , Boulle Andrew , Caldwell Judy , Pienaar David , Wood Robin 
Published: September 2015

IntroductionAlthough antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces individual tuberculosis (TB) risk by two‐thirds, the population‐level impact remains uncertain. Cape Town reports high TB notification rates associated with endemic HIV. We examined population trends in TB notification rates during a 10‐year period of expanding ART.MethodsAnnual Cape Town TB notifications were used as numerators and mid‐year Cape Town populations as denominators. HIV‐stratified population was calculated using overall HIV prevalence estimates from the Actuarial Society of South Africa AIDS and Demographic model. ART provision numbers from Western Cape government reports were used to calculate overall ART coverage. We calculated rates per 100,000 population over time, overall and stratified by HIV status. Rates per 100,000 total population were also calculated by ART use at treatment initiation. Absolute numbers of notifications were compared by age and sub‐district. Changes over time were described related to ART provision in the city as a whole (ART coverage) and by sub‐district (numbers on ART).ResultsFrom 2003 to 2013, Cape Town's population grew from 3.1 to 3.7 million inhabitants, and estimated HIV prevalence increased from 3.6 to 5.2%. ART coverage increased from 0 to 63% in 2013. TB notification rates declined by 16% (95% confidence interval (CI), 14–17%) from a 2008 peak (851/100,000) to a 2013 nadir (713/100,000). Decreases were higher among the HIV‐positive (21% (95% CI, 19–23%)) than the HIV‐negative (9% (95% CI, 7–11%)) population. The number of HIV‐positive TB notifications decreased mainly among 0‐ to 4‐ and 20‐ to 34‐year‐olds. Total population rates on ART at TB treatment initiation increased over time but levelled off in 2013. Overall median CD4 counts increased from 146 cells/µl (interquartile range (IQR), 66, 264) to 178 cells/µl (IQR 75, 330; p<0.001). Sub‐district antenatal HIV seroprevalence differed (10–33%) as did numbers on ART (9–29 thousand). Across sub‐districts, infant HIV‐positive TB decreased consistently whereas adult decreases varied.ConclusionsHIV‐positive TB notification rates declined during a period of rapid scale‐up of ART. Nevertheless, both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative TB notification rates remained very high. Decreases among HIV positives were likely blunted by TB remaining a major entry to the ART programme and occurring after delayed ART initiation.
Laboratory investigation of perchlorate deliquescence at the surface of Mars with a Raman scattering lidar
Authors: Nikolakakos George , Whiteway James A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA sample of magnesium perchlorate hexahydrate was subjected to the water vapor pressure and temperatures found at the landing site of the Phoenix Mars mission. Laser Raman scattering was applied to detect the onset of deliquescence and provide a relative estimate of the quantity of water taken up and subsequently released by the sample. As the temperature of the sample decreased at the same rate as measured on Mars during the evening, significant uptake of water from the atmosphere was observed to occur prior to the frost point temperature being reached. As the temperature was lowered further, the relative humidity over ice increased to 100% and frost formed on the surface surrounding the perchlorate sample. Freezing of the brine film was observed at the eutectic temperature of −67°C, and thawing occurred at a temperature of −62°C.
Sensitivity of soil water availability to changing snowmelt timing in the western U.S.
Authors: Harpold Adrian A. , Molotch Noah P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe ecohydrological effects of changing snowmelt are strongly mediated by soil moisture. We utilize 259 Snow Telemetry stations across the western U.S. to address two questions: (1) how do relationships between peak soil moisture (PSM) timing and the day of snow disappearance (DSD) vary across ecoregions and (2) what is the regional sensitivity of PSM timing to earlier DSD associated with warming and drying scenarios? All western U.S. ecoregions showed significant relationships between the timing of PSM and DSD. Changes in the timing of PSM based on warming predicted for the middle and end of the 21st century ranged from 1 to 9 days and from 6 to 17 days among ecoregions, respectively. The maritime ecoregions PSM timing were 2–3 times more sensitive to warming and drying versus the interior mountain ecoregions. This work suggests that soil hydrology modifies the effects of earlier snowmelt on regional streamflow response and vegetation water stress.
Model forecast skill and sensitivity to initial conditions in the seasonal Sea Ice Outlook
Authors: Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth E. , Cullather R. I. , Wang W. , Zhang J. , Bitz C. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe explore the skill of predictions of September Arctic sea ice extent from dynamical models participating in the Sea Ice Outlook (SIO). Forecasts submitted in August, at roughly 2 month lead times, are skillful. However, skill is lower in forecasts submitted to SIO, which began in 2008, than in hindcasts (retrospective forecasts) of the last few decades. The multimodel mean SIO predictions offer slightly higher skill than the single‐model SIO predictions, but neither beats a damped persistence forecast at longer than 2 month lead times. The models are largely unsuccessful at predicting each other, indicating a large difference in model physics and/or initial conditions. Motivated by this, we perform an initial condition sensitivity experiment with four SIO models, applying a fixed −1 m perturbation to the initial sea ice thickness. The significant range of the response among the models suggests that different model physics make a significant contribution to forecast uncertainty.
Multisensor profiling of a concentric gravity wave event propagating from the troposphere to the ionosphere
Authors: Azeem Irfan , Yue Jia , Hoffmann Lars , Miller Steven D. , Straka William C. , Crowley Geoff 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present near‐simultaneous observations of a gravity wave (GW) event in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and ionosphere over the South Central United States and track it from its convective source region in the troposphere to the ionosphere, where it appears as a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). On 4 April 2014 concentric GW ring patterns were seen at stratospheric heights in close proximity to a convective storm over North Texas in the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder data on board the NASA Aqua satellite. Concentric GWs of similar orientation and epicenter were also observed in mesospheric nightglow measurements of the Day/Night Band of the Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite on the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership satellite. Concentric TIDs were seen in total electron content data derived from ground‐based GPS receivers distributed throughout the U.S. These new multisensor observations of TIDs and atmospheric GWs can provide a unique perspective on ionosphere‐atmosphere coupling.
An Indian Ocean precursor for Indian summer monsoon rainfall variability
Authors: Sreejith O. P. , Panickal S. , Pai S. , Rajeevan M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) depicts large interannual variability strongly linked with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, many of the El Niño years were not accompanied by deficient ISMR. The results from the study reveal the significant role of coupled air‐sea interaction over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO) in modifying the ENSO‐ISMR association. The IO warm water volume (WWV), a measure of heat content variations in the equatorial IO has strong influence on ISMR. A deepening (shoaling) of thermocline in the eastern equatorial IO (EEIO) during late boreal spring (April–May) accompanied by increase (decrease) in WWV anomalies weaken (enhance) the ISMR by enhancing (suppressing) the convection over EEIO resulting in the below (above) normal ISMR. Thus, the changes in the WWV anomalies in the EEIO along with ENSO conditions during boreal spring can be considered as a precursor for the performance of subsequent ISMR.
Understanding moisture stress on light use efficiency across terrestrial ecosystems based on global flux and remote‐sensing data
Authors: Zhang Yulong , Song Conghe , Sun Ge , Band Lawrence E. , Noormets Asko , Zhang Quanfa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLight use efficiency (LUE) is a key biophysical parameter characterizing the ability of plants to convert absorbed light to carbohydrate. However, the environmental regulations on LUE, especially moisture stress, are poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in primary productivity estimated by LUE models. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of moisture stress on LUE for a wide range of ecosystems on daily, 8 day, and monthly scales. Using the FLUXNET and Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer data, we evaluated moisture stress along the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum, including soil water content (SWC) and soil water saturation (SWS), land surface wetness index (LSWI) and plant evaporative fraction (EF), and precipitation and daytime atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We found that LUE was most responsive to plant moisture indicators (EF and LSWI), least responsive to soil moisture (SWC and SWS) variations with the atmospheric indicator (VPD) falling in between. LUE showed higher sensitivity to SWC than VPD only for grassland ecosystems. For evergreen forest, LUE had better association with VPD than LSWI. All moisture indicators (except soil indicators) were generally less effective in affecting LUE on the daily and 8 day scales than on the monthly scale. Our study highlights the complexity of moisture stress on LUE and suggests that a single moisture indicator or function in LUE models is not sufficient to capture the diverse responses of vegetation to moisture stress. LUE models should consider the variability identified in this study to more realistically reflect the environmental controls on ecosystem functions.
Seasonal variability of δ18O and δ13C of planktic foraminifera in the Bering Sea and central subarctic Pacific during 1990–2000
Authors: Asahi Hirofumi , Okazaki Yusuke , Ikehara Minoru , Khim Boo‐Keum , Nam Seung‐Il , Takahashi Kozo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe evaluated a 10 year time series of δ18O and δ13C records from three planktic foraminifers (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Globigerina umbilicata, and Globigerinita glutinata) in the Bering Sea and central subarctic Pacific with a focus on their responses to environmental changes. Foraminiferal δ18O followed the equilibrium equation for inorganic calcite, with species‐specific equilibrium offsets ranging from nearly zero (−0.02‰ for N. pachyderma and −0.01‰ for G. umbilicata) to −0.16‰ (G. glutinata). Equilibrium offsets in our sediment trap samples were smaller than those from plankton tow studies, implying that foraminiferal δ18O was modified by encrustation during settling. Habitat/calcification depths varied from 35–55 m (N. pachyderma and G. umbilicata) or 25–45 m (G. glutinata) during warm, stratified seasons to around 100 m during winter, when the mixed layer depth increases. Unlike δ18O, foraminiferal δ13C showed species‐specific responses to environmental changes. We found a dependency of δ13C in G. umbilicata on CO32− concentrations in ambient seawater that agreed reasonably well with published laboratory results, suggesting that δ13C of G. umbilicata is subject to vital effects. In contrast, δ13C of N. pachyderma and G. glutinata are likely affected by other species‐specific biological activities. Seasonal flux patterns reveal that fossil records of N. pachyderma and G. glutinata represent annual mean conditions, whereas that of G. umbilicata most likely indicates those of a specific season. Because none of these three taxa was abundant from December to February, their fossil records likely do not reflect isotope signals from cold seasons.
North Pacific Intermediate Water circulation enhanced by the closure of the Bering Strait
Authors: Knudson Karla P. , Ravelo Ana Christina 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Bering Strait provides a shallow connection that allows freshwater to flow from the North Pacific into the North Atlantic, but this passage was closed during past glacials when sea level was at least 50 m lower than at present. Climate models investigating Bering Strait closure predict that this mechanism increases the salinity in the North Atlantic and reduces the salinity in the North Pacific, inducing a Pacific‐Atlantic seesaw in meridional overturning circulation and poleward heat flux. However, the Pacific circulation response to Bering Strait closure, and thus the seesaw theory, has not been tested by long paleoceanographic records. We present long records of foraminiferal δ18O and δ13C from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1342 in the Bering Sea, which provide the first evidence of enhanced North Pacific Intermediate Water when the Bering Strait was closed during each of the extreme glacials of the last 1.2 Myr. These results suggest that orbital‐scale variations in North Pacific Intermediate Water are coherent and in phase with variations in upper North Atlantic Deep Water but are unrelated to changes in lower North Atlantic Deep Water. Together, these results provide evidence for systematic, orbital‐scale variability in North Pacific Ocean circulation and may challenge the idea of an orbital‐scale Pacific‐Atlantic seesaw.