bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rebamipide Suppresses Collagen‐Induced Arthritis Through Reciprocal Regulation of Th17/Treg Cell Differentiation and Heme Oxygenase 1 Induction
Authors: Moon Su‐Jin , Park Jin‐Sil , Woo Yun‐Ju , Lim Mi‐Ae , Kim Sung‐Min , Lee Seon‐Yeong , Kim Eun‐Kyung , Lee Hee Jin , Lee Weon Sun , Park Sang‐Hi , Jeong Jeong‐Hee , Park Sung‐Hwan , Kim Ho‐Youn , Cho Mi‐La , Min Jun‐Ki 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveRebamipide, a gastroprotective agent, has the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen radicals. Increased oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We undertook this study to investigate the impact of rebamipide on the development of arthritis and the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which rebamipide attenuates arthritis severity in a murine model of RA.MethodsCollagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in DBA/1J mice. Anti–type II collagen antibody titers and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) levels were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of transcription factors was analyzed by immunostaining and Western blotting. Frequencies of IL‐17–producing CD4+ T cells (Th17 cells) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsRebamipide reduced the clinical arthritis score and severity of histologic inflammation and cartilage destruction in a dose‐dependent manner. The joints isolated from rebamipide‐treated mice with CIA showed decreased expression of nitrotyrosine, an oxidative stress marker. Rebamipide‐treated mice showed lower circulating levels of type II collagen–specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a. Whereas the number of Th17 cells in spleens was decreased in rebamipide‐treated mice with CIA, a significant increase in the number of Treg cells in spleens was observed. In vitro, rebamipide inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through STAT‐3/retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γt and reciprocally induced Treg cell differentiation through FoxP3. Rebamipide increased Nrf2 nuclear activities in murine CD4+ T cells and LBRM‐33 murine T lymphoma cells. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO‐1) expression in the spleens was markedly increased in rebamipide‐treated mice.ConclusionThe inhibitory effects of rebamipide on joint inflammation are associated with recovery from an imbalance between Th17 cells and Treg cells and with activation of an Nrf2/HO‐1 antioxidant pathway.
An Elementary Derivation of the Large Deviation Rate Function for Finite State Markov Chains
Authors: Vidyasagar Mathukumalli 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLarge deviation theory is a branch of probability theory that is devoted to a study of the “rate” at which empirical estimates of various quantities converge to their true values. The object of study in this paper is the rate at which estimates of the doublet frequencies of a Markov chain over a finite alphabet converge to their true values. In the case where the Markov process is actually an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) process, the rate function turns out to be the relative entropy (or Kullback‐Leibler divergence) between the true and the estimated probability vectors. This result is a special case of a very general result known as Sanov's theorem and dates back to 1957. Moreover, since the introduction of the “method of types” by Csiszar and his co‐workers during the 1980s, the Proof of this version of Sanov's theorem has been “elementary,” using some combinatorial arguments. However, when the i.i.d. process is replaced by a Markov process, the available Proofs are far more complex. The main objective of this paper is therefore to present a first‐principles derivation of the LDP for finite state Markov chains, using only simple combinatorial arguments (e.g. the method of types), thus gathering in one place various arguments and estimates that are scattered over the literature. The approach presented here extends naturally to multi‐step Markov chains.
Periostin and transforming growth factor β‐induced protein (TGFβIp) are both expressed by osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Authors: Merle Blandine , Bouet Guenaelle , Rousseau Jean‐Charles , Bertholon Cindy , Garnero Patrick 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPeriostin (Postn) and transforming growth factor β‐induced protein (TGFβIp) are two closely related extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins predominantly distributed in collagen‐rich connective tissues submitted to mechanical strain, including bone and more specifically the periosteum. We have investigated the expression of Postn and TGFβIp mRNA by primary osteoblasts isolated from mouse periosteum and calvaria, or by the osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cell line, and by osteoclasts from mouse long bones differentiated in vitro. Secretion of Postn was measured with a specific ELISA. Postn and TGFβIp mRNA were concomitantly expressed in all three osteoblast models all along the differentiation process in a time‐dependent manner. Both Postn and TGFβIp transcripts appeared early in osteoblast differentiation, and their expression increased 3–10 times in mature osteoblast cells. Expression decreased after differentiation was achieved and when the cultures mineralised. ELISA for secreted Postn showed a similar pattern. When MC3T3‐E1 cells were treated with TGF‐β, Postn and TGFβIp mRNA expression and secretion were stimulated, whereas 1.25(OH)2D3 had no detectable effect. Osteoclasts also expressed both Postn and TGFβIp during in vitro differentiation. Expression of both Postn and TGFβIp peaks in the early phases of osteoblast differentiation, and decreases later at the start of mineralisation. A novel finding is that Postn and TGFβIp are expressed by osteoclasts in vitro. Therefore Postn and TGFβIp proteins are potential biomarkers of early osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation.
The SYNTAX score does not predict presence of carotid disease in a multivessel coronary disease population
Authors: Costanzo Luca , Campisano Maria Barbara , Capodanno Davide , Sole Andrea , Grasso Carmelo , Ragusa Mario , Ronsivalle Giuseppe , Tamburino Claudia , Tamburino Corrado , Di Pino Luigi 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundNumerous reports have shown the relationship between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the association between complex CAD evaluated by SYNTAX score (SxScore) and prevalence of carotid lesion (CL) has not been fully investigated. We sought to assess the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with multivessel CAD assessed by SxScore and the relationship between SxScore severity and features of carotid atherosclerosis.Methods and ResultsSubjects were 204 consecutive patients with multivessel CAD assessed by coronary angiography and no previous history of carotid atherosclerosis that underwent carotid ultrasound scan from June 2012 to 2013. Presence of CL, significant carotid disease (SCD) and carotid plaque morphology was evaluated. At least one CL was found in 159 patients (77.9%) with no significant difference among SxScore groups (P = 0.20 and P = 0.54, respectively). High prevalence of complex carotid plaque (CCP) was found without significant different distribution in SxScore groups (P = 0.69). Age was independently associated with the presence of CL [odds ratio (OR) 1.055; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015–1.097; P = 0.007] and SCD (OR 1.057; 95% CI: 1.008–1.097; P = 0.019). Age and diabetes were independently associated with CCP (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.023–1.095; P = 0.001; OR 1.848; 95% CI: 1.026–3.327; P = 0.041). SxScore was not independently associated with CL, SCD and CCP (all P > 0.2).ConclusionsWe found high prevalence of CL in patients with multivessel complex CAD. However, SxScore does not seem to correlate with carotid atherosclerosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of drug‐eluting and bare metal stents in large coronary arteries
Authors: Chan Chi Yuen , Vlachos Helen , Selzer Faith , Mulukutla Suresh R. , Marroquin Oscar C. , Abbott Dawn J. , Holper Elizabeth M. , Williams David O. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of drug‐eluting stents (DES) compared to bare‐metal stents (BMS) for patients with large coronary vessels.BackgroundRandomized trials have demonstrated that DES reduce the risk of target vessel revascularization (TVR) compared to BMS. This benefit is less pronounced as artery diameter increases. Whether DES are superior to BMS for larger coronary arteries in the setting of routine clinical practice is unknown.MethodsWe analyzed data from 869 patients undergoing de novo lesion PCI with reference vessel diameter greater than or equal to 3.5 mm in the NHLBI Dynamic Registry according to whether they were treated with DES or BMS. Patients were followed for 3 years for the occurrence of cardiovascular events.ResultsAt 3‐year follow‐up, rates of TVR at 3 years were similar and low in both groups (4.4% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.62). After adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics, the adjusted hazard ratio for 3‐year MI for DES was 1.85 (95% CI 0.93–3.7, P = 0.08), for TVR at 3 years 1.14 (95% CI 0.52–2.49, P = 0.75) and for mortality 0.89 (95%CI 0.49–1.62, P = 0.71).ConclusionsIn our study of the unrestricted use of DES for patients with lesions in larger diameter coronary arteries, first generation DES did not reduce 3‐year risk of TVR. Our findings do not support the preferred use of DES over BMS for patients with lesions located in arteries >3.5 mm. It is unknown whether secondary generation DES can offer better outcome compared to BMS in large coronary vessels. Further study on this issue is warranted. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlled Air Oxidation of Plastic and Biomass in a Packed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Meng Qingmin , Chen Xiaoping , Bu Changsheng , Ma Jiliang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA packed‐bed reactor was established to study the effect of polypropylene (PP) content on the controlled air oxidation performance of a mixture of PP and sawdust (SD) at a fixed feed gas flow rate. Attention was focused on product yields, evolutionary behavior of the gas flow rate, and gas compositions. A higher PP content led to increased gas yield, lower solid yield, and substantially reduced liquid yield. The PP content significantly affected the gas composition and rate of gas production. Mixtures of plastic and biomass can be radically converted to gaseous and liquid products under controlled air oxidation conditions.
Exploring the Effect of Bioisosteric Replacement of Carboxamide by a Sulfonamide Moiety on N‐Glycosidic Torsions and Molecular Assembly: Synthesis and X‐ray Crystallographic Investigation of N‐(β‐D‐Glycosyl)sulfonamides as N‐Glycoprotein Linkage Region Analogues
Authors: Srivastava Amrita , Varghese Babu , Loganathan Duraikkannu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractN‐Glycoprotein linkage region constituents, 2‐acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranose (GlcNAc) and asparagine (Asn) are conserved among all the eukaryotes. To gain a better understanding for nature’s choice of GlcNAcβAsn as linkage region constituents and inter‐ and intramolecular carbohydrate–protein interactions, a detailed systemic structural study of the linkage region conformation is essential. Earlier crystallographic studies of several N‐(β‐glycopyranosyl)alkanamides showed that N‐glycosidic torsion, ϕN, is influenced to a larger extent by structural variation in the sugar part than that of the aglycon moiety. To explore the effect of the bioisosteric replacement of a carboxamide group by a sulfonamide moiety on the N‐glycosidic torsions as well as on molecular assembly, several glycosyl methanesulfonamides and glycosyl chloromethanesulfonamides were synthesized as analogues of the N‐glycoprotein linkage region, and crystal structures of seven of these compounds have been solved. A comparative analysis of this series of crystal structures as well as with those of the corresponding alkanamido derivatives revealed that N‐glycosidic torsion, ϕN, does not alter significantly. Methanesulfonamido and chloromethanesulfonamido derivatives of GlcNAc display a different aglycon conformation compared to other sulfonamido analogues. This may be due to the cumulative effect of the direct hydrogen bonding between N1 and O1′ and CH⋅⋅⋅O interactions of the aglycon chain, revealing the uniqueness of the GlcNAc as the linkage sugar.
A General Method for N‐Methylation of Amines and Nitro Compounds with Dimethylsulfoxide
Authors: Jiang Xue , Wang Chao , Wei Yawen , Xue Dong , Liu Zhaotie , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDMSO methylates a broad range of amines in the presence of formic acid, providing a novel, green and practical method for amine methylation. The protocol also allows the one‐pot transformation of aromatic nitro compounds into dimethylated amines in the presence of a simple iron catalyst.
ETV6‐NTRK3 is a common chromosomal rearrangement in radiation‐associated thyroid cancer
Authors: Leeman‐Neill Rebecca J. , Kelly Lindsey M. , Liu Pengyuan , Brenner Alina V. , Little Mark P. , Bogdanova Tetiana I. , Evdokimova Viktoria N. , Hatch Maureen , Zurnadzy Liudmyla Y. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Yue Ning J. , Zhang Miao , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Tronko Mykola D. , Nikiforov Yuri E. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDIn their previous analysis of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) from an Ukrainian‐American cohort that was exposed to iodine‐131 (131I) from the Chernobyl accident, the authors identified RET/PTC rearrangements and other driver mutations in 60% of tumors.METHODSIn this study, the remaining mutation‐negative tumors from that cohort were analyzed using RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction to identify novel chromosomal rearrangements and to characterize their relation with radiation dose.RESULTSThe ETS variant gene 6 (ETV6)‐neurotrophin receptor 3 (NTRK3) rearrangement (ETV6‐NTRK3) was identified by RNA‐Seq in a tumor from a patient who received a high 131I dose. Overall, the rearrangement was detected in 9 of 62 (14.5%) post‐Chernobyl PTCs and in 3 of 151 (2%) sporadic PTCs (P = .019). The most common fusion type was between exon 4 of ETV6 and exon 14 of NTRK3. The prevalence of ETV6‐NTRK3 rearrangement in post‐Chernobyl PTCs was associated with increasing 131I dose, albeit at borderline significance (P = .126). The group of rearrangement‐positive PTCs (ETV6‐NTRK3, RET/PTC, PAX8‐PPARγ) was associated with significantly higher dose response compared with the group of PTCs with point mutations (BRAF, RAS; P < .001). In vitro exposure of human thyroid cells to 1 gray of 131I and γ‐radiation resulted in the formation of ETV6‐NTRK3 rearrangement at a rate of 7.9 × 10−6 cells and 3.0 × 10−6 cells, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe authors report the occurrence of ETV6‐NTRK3 rearrangements in thyroid cancer and demonstrate that this rearrangement is significantly more common in tumors associated with exposure to 131I and has a borderline significant dose response. Moreover, ETV6‐NTRK3 rearrangement can be directly induced in thyroid cells by ionizing radiation in vitro and, thus, may represent a novel mechanism of radiation‐induced carcinogenesis. Cancer 2014;120:799–807. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Influence of Passion and Work–Life Thoughts on Work Satisfaction
Authors: Thorgren Sara , Wincent Joakim , Sirén Charlotta 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Dualistic Model of Passion has gained increasing attention in social psychology in the past decade. Besides defining passion as “a strong inclination or desire toward an activity that one likes, finds important, and in which one invests time and energy” (Vallerand et al., 2003, p. 757), it acknowledges two types of passion, harmonious and obsessive, which develop according to how individuals internalize an activity in their self‐concept. A growing body of empirical research, particularly in nonwork settings, has demonstrated that harmonious passion and obsessive passion have distinct outcomes. As such, this two‐dimensional passion construct may be particularly useful for developing a more comprehensive understanding of how individuals engage with work compared to the existing one‐dimensional constructs of job engagement used in organizational literature. The present study develops hypotheses and tests the direct effect of harmonious and obsessive passion with work satisfaction. It also aims to develop theory by connecting the dualistic passion approach with work–life conflict; in doing so, it tests how individuals' off‐task thoughts at work and on‐task thoughts off work may mediate this relationship. Using a quantitative survey, the hypotheses are tested on a random sample of individuals engaged in business start‐ups in Sweden. Whereas harmonious passion exhibits a direct effect with work satisfaction, obsessive passion exhibits an indirect effect through on‐task thoughts off work with work satisfaction.
Magic Angle Spinning NMR of Macromolecular and Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Spiess Hans Wolfgang 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSideband patterns in single quantum and double quantum magic angle spinning NMR spectra are reviewed. Their use in elucidating non‐covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or pi‐pi stacking, is demonstrated by studies of supramolecular systems of current interest. Moreover, the effects of local and collective motions are illustrated by examples from supramolecular and macromolecular science.
Synthesis, Reactions, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 2,3′‐Bipyridine Derivatives (III)
Authors: Attaby Fawzy A. , Abdel‐Fattah Azza M. , Shaif Labeeb M. , Elsayed Mohamed M. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT1‐Pyridin‐3‐yl‐3‐(2‐thienyl of 2‐furyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐ones 1a, 1b reacted with 2‐cyanoethanethioamide 2 to afford the corresponding 4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl or furan‐2‐yl)‐6‐sulfanyl‐2,3′‐bipyridine‐5‐carbonitriles 3a, 3b. The synthetic potentiality of compounds 3a, 3b were investigated in the present study via their reactions with several active halogen containing compounds 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4f, 4g, 4h, 5, 5a, 5b. Our aim here is the synthesis of 4‐(2‐thienyl or 2‐furyl)‐6‐pyridin‐3‐ylthieno[2,3‐b]pyridin‐3‐amines 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 6g, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k, 6l, 6m, 6n,via 6‐(alkyl‐thio)‐4‐(2‐thienyl or 2‐furyl)‐2,3′‐bipyridine‐5‐carbonitriles 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m. The structures of all newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds were elucidated by considering the data of IR, 1H‐NMR, mass spectra, as well as that of elemental analyses. Anti‐cancer, anti‐Alzheimer, and anti‐COX‐2 activities were investigated for all the newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds.
Relaxation effects in MRI‐based quantification of fat content and fatty acid composition
Authors: Peterson Pernilla , Svensson Jonas , Månsson Sven 
Published: December 2013

Purpose: To investigate various sources of bias in MRI‐based quantification of fat fraction (FF) and fatty acid composition (FAC) using chemical shift‐encoded techniques.Methods: Signals from various FFs and FACs and individual relaxation rates of all signal components were simulated. From these signals, FF and FAC parameters were estimated with and without correction for differences in individual relaxation rates. In addition, phantom experiments were conducted with various flip angles and number of echoes to validate the simulations.Results: As expected, T1 weighting resulted in an overestimation of the FF, but had much smaller impact on the FAC parameters. Differences in T2 values of the signal components resulted in overestimation of the FAC parameters in fat/water mixtures, whereas the estimation in pure oil was largely unaffected. This bias was corrected using a simplified signal model with different T2 values of water and fat, where the accuracy of the modeled T2 of water was critical. The results of the phantom experiment were in agreement with simulations.Conclusion: T1 weighting has only a minor effect on FAC quantification in both fat/water mixtures and pure oils. T2 weighting is mainly a concern in fat/water mixtures but may be corrected using a simplified model. Magn Reson Med 72:1320–1329, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐scale modeling of surface effects in nano‐materials with temperature‐related Cauchy‐Born hypothesis via the modified boundary Cauchy‐Born model
Authors: Khoei A.R. , Ghahremani P. , DorMohammadi H. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYIn nano‐structures, the influence of surface effects on the properties of material is highly important because the ratio of surface to volume at the nano‐scale level is much higher than that of the macro‐scale level. In this paper, a novel temperature‐dependent multi‐scale model is presented based on the modified boundary Cauchy‐Born (MBCB) technique to model the surface, edge, and corner effects in nano‐scale materials. The Lagrangian finite element formulation is incorporated into the heat transfer analysis to develop the thermo‐mechanical finite element model. The temperature‐related Cauchy‐Born hypothesis is implemented by using the Helmholtz free energy to evaluate the temperature effect in the atomistic level. The thermo‐mechanical multi‐scale model is applied to determine the temperature related characteristics at the nano‐scale level. The first and second derivatives of free energy density are computed using the first Piola‐Kirchhoff stress and tangential stiffness tensor at the macro‐scale level. The concept of MBCB is introduced to capture the surface, edge, and corner effects. The salient point of MBCB model is the definition of radial quadrature used at the surface, edge, and corner elements as an indicator of material behavior. The characteristics of quadrature are derived by interpolating the data from the atomic level laid in a circular support around the quadrature in a least‐square approach. Finally, numerical examples are modeled using the proposed computational algorithm, and the results are compared with the fully atomistic model to illustrate the performance of MBCB multi‐scale model in the thermo‐mechanical analysis of metallic nano‐scale devices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of template‐based protein structure predictions in CASP10
Authors: Huang Yuanpeng J. , Mao Binchen , Aramini James M. , Montelione Gaetano T. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTTemplate‐based modeling (TBM) is a major component of the critical assessment of protein structure prediction (CASP). In CASP10, some 41,740 predicted models submitted by 150 predictor groups were assessed as TBM predictions. The accuracy of protein structure prediction was assessed by geometric comparison with experimental X‐ray crystal and NMR structures using a composite score that included both global alignment metrics and distance‐matrix–based metrics. These included GDT‐HA and GDC‐all global alignment scores, and the superimposition‐independent LDDT distance‐matrix–based score. In addition, a superimposition‐independent RPF metric, similar to that described previously for comparing protein models against experimental NMR data, was used for comparing predicted protein structure models against experimental protein structures. To score well on all four of these metrics, models must feature accurate predictions of both backbone and side‐chain conformations. Performance rankings were determined independently for server and the combined server plus human‐curated predictor groups. Final rankings were made using paired head‐to‐head Student's t‐test analysis of raw metric scores among the top 25 performing groups in each category. Proteins 2014; 82(Suppl 2):43–56. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.