bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Alloys and Liquidus Projections of Ternary Bi-Sb-Sn system
Authors: Minić Duško , Kolarević Milan , Manasijević Dragan , Ćosović Vladan , Živković Dragana , Talijan Nadežda , Marković Miljana 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGiven that Sn-based lead-free solders are considered as possible substitution for standard lead-tin solders, properties of the alloys from ternary Bi-Sb-Sn system were characterized by microstructural SEM-EDS analysis, Brinell hardness tests, and electrical conductivity measurements. Isothermal cross section at 298 K and liquidus surface projection were calculated by application of CALPHAD method and software package PANDAT 8.1. The experimentally determined phase compositions in analyzed microstructures were found to be in a good agreement with phases on calculated cross sections.
Influence of Processing Route and Section Size on Elevated Temperature Tensile Properties of 9Cr-1Mo Ferritic Steel
Authors: Choudhary Binod Kumar 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTensile tests were performed on specimens obtained from 20 mm plate in normalised and tempered condition and quenched and tempered thick section tubeplate forging to assess the influence of processing route and section size on room and elevated temperatures (300–873 K) tensile properties of 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel. Yield and ultimate tensile strength values of plate and tubeplate forging exhibited a gradual decrease up to intermediate temperatures followed by a rapid decrease at high temperatures. Ductility values displayed a gradual decrease to a minimum at intermediate temperatures followed by an increase at high temperatures. The fracture mode remained transgranular. At intermediate temperatures, 9Cr-1Mo steel in both the product forms exhibited similar serrated flow, an important manifestation of dynamic strain ageing. At all temperatures, thick section tubeplate forging exhibited lower strength and higher ductility values compared to normalised and tempered steel. The inferior strength values were attributed to coarse microstructure of the forging.
Wie kommt die Aussprache ins (Aussprache-)Wörterbuch? Methoden, Probleme und Ergebnisse normphonetischer Untersuchungen zur deutschen Standardaussprache
Authors: Hirschfeld Ursula , Stock Eberhard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Based on the terms normphonetics and standard pronunciation aims, methods and problems of (German) standard pronunciation studies and its codification in pronunciation dictionaries will be shown, also in terms of history. Normphonetical transcription in the list of words as well as means of describing phonostilistical variation will be explained by the example of Deutsches Ausspracheworterbuch (German Pronunciation Dictionary, DAWB 2009).
Diaxenische Markierungen in monolingualen Wörterbüchern des Spanischen, Italienischen und Französischen
Authors: Schöntag Roger 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The concepts and terms of modern lexicography and variational linguistics (sociolinguistics) give clear evidence of a common interdependent history. The present study will first give a short overview of the genesis of the diasystem and the accompanying terms ‘diachronic’, ‘diaphasic’, ‘diastratic’ coined by Flydal, Weinreich and Coseriu as well as the later adoption and enlargement by Hausmann for lexicographic purposes. The second aim of the study is therefore not to question the still useful metalexicographic model in general, but just to contribute to a precise terminology by replacing the Hausmann term ‘diaintegrative’ by ‘diaxenic’ which for several reasons might be more adequate to express the foreignness of the so marked lexemes. Thirdly the present article tries to show the differences in the marking system of several Spanish, Italian and French dictionaries. To detect the gap between theoretical claim and practical application, the treatment of foreign words, especially the often controversial anglicisms, seemed to be most promising. The result of this empiric study showed not only the discrepancy between the dictionaries’ philosophies, expressed in the forewords, and the application under the respective lemma, but also that tolerance towards loanwords and adoption of modern linguistic research knowledge depends very much on lexicographic traditions.
Preparation and characterization of non-isocyanate polyurethanes based on 2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid as a monomer of the rigid phase
Authors: Bakar Mohamed , Białkowska Anita , Kostrzewa Marcin , Lenartowicz Marta 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The present study investigates the properties and structure of condensation non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPURs) prepared by reacting 2-hydroxy-6-naphthalenesulfonic acid (HNSA) with phenolsulfonic acid, urea and formaldehyde. Instrumental analyses confirmed a linear and segmented structure of the obtained condensation NIPURs. It was found that NIPUR films containing 20% HNSA and an equimolar ratio of rigid to flexible segments exhibited maximum values of tensile strength and tensile strain at break. All prepared samples showed a very high water resistance. The operating temperature of NIPUR samples based on HNSA was set between -33°C and +145°C. The first temperature was attributed to the glass transition of flexible segments, while the second one was associated with rigid segments melting. The higher the transition temperature, the higher the rigid segment content and the higher the HNSA content in the NIPUR sample.
Reduction in Responding for Sucrose and Cocaine Reinforcement by Disruption of Memory Reconsolidation
Authors: Exton-McGuinness Marc T. J. , Lee Jonathan L. C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractStored memories are dynamic and, when reactivated, can undergo a process of destabilization and reconsolidation to update them with new information. Reconsolidation has been shown for a variety of experimental settings; most recently for well-learned instrumental memories, a class of memory previously thought not to undergo reconsolidation. Here we tested, in rats, whether a weakly-trained lever-pressing memory destabilized following a shift in reinforcement contingency. We show that lever-pressing memory for both sucrose and cocaine reinforcement destabilized under appropriate conditions, and that the reconsolidation of this memory was impaired by systemic administration of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist [5R,10S]-[+]-5-methyl-10,1-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801). We went on to investigate the potential role of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in the reconsolidation of sucrose-reinforced instrumental memories, showing that co-infusion of the NMDAR antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) and the dopamine-1 receptor (D1R) antagonist 7-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-8-ol (SCH23390) into the NAc prior to memory reactivation impaired reconsolidation; however, there was no effect when these drugs were infused alone. Further investigation of this effect suggests the combined infusion disrupted the reconsolidation of pavlovian components of memory, and we hypothesize that coactivation of accumbal D1Rs and NMDARs may contribute to both the destabilization and reconsolidation of appetitive memory. Our work demonstrates that weakly-trained instrumental memories undergo reconsolidation under similar parameters to well-trained ones, and also suggests that receptor coactivation in the NAc may contribute to memory destabilization. Furthermore, it provides an important demonstration of the therapeutic potential of reconsolidation-based treatments that target the instrumental components of memory in maladaptive drug seeking.
La hibridación en las Cartas de Luis de Carvajal, el Mozo
Authors: Silverstein Stephen 
Published: March 2015

En 1595, Luis de Carvajal el Mozo fue encarcelado por la Inquisición en la Nueva España por segunda y última vez, junto con su madre Francisca y sus hermanas Ysabel, Leonor, Catalina y Ana. Durante su encarcelación, Carvajal compuso cartas dirigidas a sus familiares. Sus epístolas también tienen como interlocutores implícitos a sus inquisidores, quienes, como Carvajal bien sabía, interceptaban sus misivas secretas. De este modo las cartas funcionan como una polémica oculta en la que Luis lucha de manera discursiva para reivindicar una subjetividad marginada. Su apropiación consciente de elementos del discurso dominante demuestra que la noción de sincretismo religioso como una amalgama inconsciente, en este caso, de elementos judíos y católicos, no está lo suficientemente matizada. Por tanto, como marco teórico para aproxi-marse a los textos cripto-judíos, propongo el empleo de las teorías de la hibridación formuladas por Mijaíl M. Bajtín.
In 1595, Luis de Carvajal, the Younger, along with his mother Francisca and sisters Isabel, Leonor, Catalina, and Ana, was jailed by the Inquisition in New Spain for the second and final time. During their incarceration, Carvajal composed letters that were addressed to his family members. If Carvajal’s explicit addressees were his family members, his epistles also figure his inquisitors as implicit interlocutors, who, as Carvajal well knew, were intercepting his secret missives. In this way, the letters function as a hidden polemic in which Carvajal struggles to defend a marginalized subjectivity. Carvajal’s deliberate appropriation of elements from the master discourse indicates that the notion of religious syncretism as an unconscious amalgam of, in this case, Jewish and Catholic components, is not a sufficiently nuanced critical model with which to analyze Crypto-Jewish writing, religiosity, and subjectivity. Therefore, I propose applying the theories of hybridity formulated by Mikhail M. Bakhtin.
Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe del Jardín de las Delicias (art is a private joke): Una propuesta metodológica para una crítica al exceso interpretativo
Authors: Kortsarz Gustavo 
Published: March 2015

El arte contemporáneo necesita explicación, esta necesidad se ha convertido en moda y la moda en exceso, de manera tal que encontramos textos que resultan extremadamente difíciles de vincular a las obras a las cuales se refieren, como si se tratara de un gesto independiente. Por otro lado, y en el extremo opuesto, encontramos textos que no hacen más que contarnos lo que vemos, de manera totalmente tautológica y redundante. « Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe del Jardín de las Delicias (art is a private joke) », a manera de análisis de obra, es un comentario sobre estos excesos.El ejercicio consiste en utilizar el método clásico de análisis de obra, partiendo de los elementos plásticos y apoyándose en un punto de vista personal. Teniendo en cuenta que las interpretaciones variarán según el ángulo desde donde se enfoque el análisis, la propuesta consiste en una demostración por el método del absurdo a través de una argumentación con bases sólidas.
La conservación y restauración de la Gipsoteca de la Escuela de Artes Plásticas de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Zamora Rodríguez Herbert 
Published: March 2015

Este artículo analiza la situación de una de las colecciones más antiguas de la Institución. La colección de yesos data del año 1897 y fue adquirida por el estado costarricense como un instrumento didáctico para el desarrollo académico. Las esculturas y relieves presentan una serie de problemas estructurales, de suciedad superficial, grietas, fracturas con faltantes en la volumetría, así como manchas superficiales. Como aporte principal de este artículo se ofrecen las soluciones técnicas más importantes utilizadas para resolver la problemática de la restauración de este valioso patrimonio.
Universidad S.A.: La nueva voluntad global
Authors: Alvarado Dávila Víctor 
Published: March 2015

En este ensayo se analizan, críticamente, los problemas más actuales y urgentes por los que atraviesa la Universidad en la era de la globalización. Así, se destacan los cambios en el funcionamiento institucional y académico, que transforman –mediante la figura de la acreditación y de la titulación homogénea– la autonomía universitaria, en vista a los intereses empresariales, tendientes a proteger los derechos de propiedad intelectual privada.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A INCORPORAÇÃO DA PERSPECTIVA DE GÊNERO NO PARLAMENTO
Authors: Da Silva Salete Maria 
Published: March 2015

A igualdade de gênero, prevista na legislação brasileira
desde o advento da Constituição Federal de
1988, exige que mudanças estruturais e culturais sejam
permanentemente estimuladas e desenvolvidas
no seio da sociedade, no âmbito do Estado e de suas
instituições, a fim de que este princípio jurídico, de
natureza constitucional, seja plenamente observado
e vivenciado por mulheres e homens em suas relações
sociais. Neste sentido, dentre os tantos desafios que
esta igualdade impõe, exsurge a imperiosa necessidade
dos próprios Parlamentos – isto é, as Casas
Legislativas onde as leis são elaboradas e onde os
direitos são, portanto, proclamados e reconhecidos –
se transformarem em espaços sensíveis às questões
de gênero, ou seja, onde a perspectiva de gênero seja
incorporada como condição indispensável à existência,
à composição e ao próprio funcionamento destas
instâncias discursivas, deliberativas e constitutivas
da vontade política que caracteriza a democracia pluralista
dos dias atuais. Visando contribuir com este
debate, o presente texto, que se apoia nas reflexões
produzidas pelo feminismo jurídico, não somente
chama a atenção para a atualidade e importância da
incorporação da visão de gênero no Parlamento, como
também apresenta, em linhas gerais, algumas sugestões
sobre como fazê-lo.
Microbiologic Observations After Four Treatment Strategies Among Patients With Periodontitis Maintaining a High Standard of Oral Hygiene: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Preus Hans R. , Dahlen Gunnar , Gjermo Per , Baelum Vibeke 
Published: March 2015

Background: The benefit of full‐mouth disinfection (FDIS) over traditional scaling and root planing (SRP), with or without adjunctive metronidazole, when treating chronic destructive periodontitis remains equivocal, as does the long‐term association between clinical and microbiologic outcomes after such strategies. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between clinical and microbiologic outcomes of four different treatment strategies for chronic destructive periodontitis among patients who maintain excellent oral hygiene and low gingival bleeding scores.Methods: One hundred eighty‐four patients with periodontitis and capable of maintaining a high standard of oral hygiene were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: 1) FDIS + metronidazole; 2) FDIS + placebo; 3) SRP + metronidazole; and 4) SRP + placebo. Recordings of plaque, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level were carried out in four sites per tooth at baseline, 3 and 12 months after treatment. Before treatment, pooled subgingival samples were obtained from the five deepest pockets, which were sampled again 3 and 12 months after treatment. Microbiologic assessments of eight putative periodontal pathogens were performed using the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization method.Results: Levels of bacterial species were already relatively low at baseline. The only microbial factor statistically significantly associated with the clinical outcomes of treatment after 12 months was the association between reductions of Tannerella forsythia and being free from PD ≥5 mm.Conclusion: In this clinical trial, the only microbial factor associated with the clinical outcomes after 12 months was a statistically significant association between the reductions of T. forsythia and being free from PD ≥5 mm.
A Best Practice in Static Modeling of a Coalbed-Methane Field: An Example From the Bowen Basin in Australia
Authors: Zhang Ming , Yang Yong , Xia Zhaohui , Cui Zehong , Ren Bin , Zhang Wenqi , Jeffries Max , Lau Hon Chung 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The development of a coalbed-methane (CBM) field in its early stage is often plagued by the lack of well control and the scarcity of geological data across a large geographical area. Therefore, constructing a representative static model to estimate the in-place volume presents a formidable challenge. In this paper, we propose a work flow to overcome this challenge and apply it to a CBM field in the northern Bowen basin of Australia.
One may consider this work flow as a best practice for the following reasons. First, it makes use of data from various sources including cores, well logs, seismic interpretation, and topography. Second, it performs rigorous quality control on these data, such as depth shift and log normalization. Third, coal-ply division and correlation and subsequent structural modeling are based on three types of correlation: well-to-well, well-to-seismic, and well-seismic-geographic information system. Fourth, it establishes the low, base, and high trends for the most-important reservoir properties. Fifth, it constructs a base-case static model by combining the aforementioned structural and reservoir-property models. Sixth, it uses sensitivity analysis, which varies one reservoir parameter at a time, to rank the impact of reservoir parameters on in-place volume. Seventh, it uses uncertainty analysis that varies all reservoir parameters simultaneously to arrive at the P10, P50, and P90 in-place volumes and their corresponding static models that one can use for reservoir simulations to estimate the recoverable volumes.
Effect of Base and Inlay Restorative Material on the Stress Distribution and Fracture Resistance of Weakened Premolars
Authors: Souza ACO , Xavier TA , Platt JA , Borges ALS 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of direct base and indirect inlay materials on stress distribution and fracture resistance of endodontically treated premolars with weakened cusps. Forty healthy human premolars were selected; five were left intact as controls (group C+), and the others were subjected to endodontic treatment and removal of buccal and lingual cusp dentin. Five teeth were left as negative controls (group C−). The remaining 30 teeth were divided into two groups according to the direct base material (glass ionomer [GIC] or composite resin [CR]). After base placement, each group was subjected to extensive inlay preparation, and then three subgroups were created (n=5): no inlay restoration (GIC and CR), restored with an indirect composite resin inlay (GIC+IR and CR+IR), and restored with a ceramic inlay (GIC+C and CR+C). Each specimen was loaded until fracture in a universal testing machine. For finite element analysis, the results showed that the removal of tooth structure significantly affected fracture resistance. The lowest values were presented by the negative control group, followed by the restored and based groups (not statistically different from each other) and all lower than the positive control group. In finite element analysis, the stress concentration was lower in the restored tooth compared to the tooth without restoration, whereas in the restored teeth, the stress concentration was similar, regardless of the material used for the base or restoration. It can be concluded that the inlay materials combined with a base showed similar behavior and were not able to regain the strength of intact tooth structure.
Chloroplast Dna Sequences Confirmed Genetic Divergence Within Calypogeia Muelleriana (Calypogeiaceae, Marchantiophyta)
Authors: Buczkowska Katarzyna , Gonera Patrycja , Bączkiewicz Alina , Rosadziński Stanisław , Rabska Mariola 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Nine species of the genus Calypogeia Raddi are currently known from Europe: C. azurea, C. integristipula, C. neesiana,C. suecica, C. muelleriana, C. sphagnicola, C. fissa, C. arguta, and C. azorica. Recently, another species, morphologically resembling C. muelleriana but genetically distinct from it, was detected using isozyme markers. In the present study, relationships between the newly detected species (C. sp. nov.) and typical C. muelleriana were analyzed using the DNA sequencesdata of three regions from the chloroplast genome: introns of trnG and trnL genes and intergenic spacer trnH-psbA. Calypogeia sp. nov. differs from C. muelleriana s. str. (typical form) in all examined chloroplast regions. It differs as well from C. azurea, which was used as a reference species. The number of fixed nucleotide differences between C. muelleriana s. str. and C. sp. nov. is almost the same as between C. muelleriana s. str. and C. azurea. The results of the present study suggest a closer affinity of C. sp. nov. to C. azurea than to C. muelleriana s. str. in Europe, C. muelleriana s. str. was noted in Poland, Germany, Holland, United Kingdom and Azores. Samples determined as C. sp. nov., besides Poland, were so far detected also in North America
Active ex situ protection and reestablishment of Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill. in the “Goździk siny w Grzybnie” reserve (Wielkopolska Province)
Authors: Jańczyk-Węglarska Jolanta , Węglarski Karol , Wiland-Szymańska Justyna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The following paper presents the results of observations of the size and condition of cheddar pink (Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill.) population in the “Goździk siny w Grzybnie” reserve (Wielkopolska Province), as well as active cultivation of the species in ex situ controlled conditions and its reestablishment supporting the natural, endangered population in the reserve
Survival problems of archaeophytes in the Polish flora
Authors: Zając Maria , Zając Adam 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
These considerations have been based on the updated list of archaeophytes appearing in Poland. The extent of endangerment has been assessed for particular species according to the updated IUCN classification. Non-threatened and invasive species have also been taken into consideration. A number of quite fundamental changes have been made to the classification, as compared to the publication of Zając et al. of 2009.
Seed morphology and anatomy of Hypericum elegans Steph. ex Willd.
Authors: Szkudlarz Piotr 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Hypericum elegans is a rare perennial distributed primarily in Central and Eastern Europe. Seed morphology and anatomy in H. elegans was studied on the basis of a seed sample from its only locality in Poland. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the seed coat of mature seeds is composed basically of 3 cell layers: epidermal, subepidermal and sclerenchymatic. They are documented graphically here.
Rare and threatened vascular plants of the railways in Slovakia
Authors: Májeková Jana , Letz Dominik Roman , Slezák Michal , Zaliberová Marica , Hrivnák Richard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The paper presents data on the occurrence and secondary spreading of rare and threatened vascular plant species in railway habitats of Slovakia. We recorded 17 threatened vascular plant species and other 9 species that we considered to be rare in Slovakia. They grew at railway stations, mainly directly in the rail yard and also at the platforms or other similar facilities. Records of further 39 species were excerpted from literature sources. More native thermophilous species were represented among the recorded species as railway substrates provide suitable conditions for their growth. Also some archaeophytic segetal species were found quite frequent in the studied biotopes due to spreading of their seeds together with cereals transported by trains. Various habitats of railway transport facilities often provide suitable conditions for the secondary occurrence and further spreading not only of synanthropic or adventive, but also of rare and threatened plant species.