bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research progress on the natural products in the intervention of myocardial infarction
Authors: Guo Qiuting , Wang Jinhui , Ni Caixia , Pan Jiaojiao , Zou Junbo , Shi Yajun , Sun Jing , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Deng , Luan Fei 
Published: August 2024

Coronary heart disease is a prevalent cardiovascular ailment globally, with myocardial infarction (MI) being one of its most severe manifestations. The morbidity and mortality of MI are escalating, showing an increasing trend among younger, highly educated individuals, thereby posing a serious threat to public health. Currently, thrombolysis, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary artery bypass grafting are the primary clinical treatments for MI. Although these methods significantly reduce patient mortality, complications often result in poor prognoses. Due to limitations in chemical synthetic drug research, the focus has shifted towards developing herbs based on natural substances. Natural medicines represent a novel approach for safer and more effective MI management and treatment. They can control multiple pathogenic variables by targeting various pathways and systems. This paper investigates the molecular mechanisms of MI and evaluates the application of natural products and medicinal plants in MI treatment over the past 5 years, demonstrating their specific good therapeutic potential and superior tolerance. These natural therapies have been shown to mitigate myocardial cell damage caused by MI through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, myocardial fibrosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitophagy, and pyroptosis. This review offers the latest insights into the application of natural products and medicinal plants in MI treatment, elucidating their mechanisms of action and serving as an important reference for MI prevention.
A review of the fernane-type triterpenoids as anti-fungal drugs
Authors: Liu Chun-Yue , Zhang Lu , Liu Si-Xuan , Lu Yong-Fu , Li Chang , Pei Yue-Hu 
Published: August 2024

Human fungal pathogens could cause a broad plethora of infections in both the immunocompetent and immunocompromised host. Fungal infections have become important causes of morbidity and mortality in recent years, the current arsenal of anti-fungal therapies was restricted. Ibrexafungerp was a novel, highly bioavailable glucan synthase inhibitor formulated for both intravenous and oral administration being developed by Scynexis; it was also the first novel anti-fungal drug class approved in more than 20 years. Ibrexafungerp was one semi-synthetic derivative of enfumafungin, a natural product isolated from fungi. This review reported the discovery of enfumafungin and ibrexafungerp, their anti-fungal mechanism, summed up 63 fernane-type triterpenoids from natural products, including 49 from plants, 9 from fungi and 5 from lichen. In addition, the review summarized the progress of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of type II fernane triterpenoid (enfumafungin skeleton) and type I fernane triterpenoid (polytolypin skeleton). The good example kept our confidence up for searching for new leading compounds and discovering drugs from fungi.
Age-related changes in connected speech production: evidence from eye-tracking in the culturally adapted picture description task
Authors: Lee Hyeri , Choi Yoomi , Sung Jee Eun 
Published: August 2024

PurposeAge-related changes in connected speech production remain a subject of debate, yielding inconsistent findings across various tasks and measures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aging on picture description tasks using two types of pictures: a standardized picture (the Beach picture) and a culturally and linguistically modified picture tailored for Korean speakers (the Han River picture).MethodTwenty-four young adults and 22 older adults participated in two picture description tasks while their eye movements were recorded. Word-level linguistic variables were used to assess informativeness (Correct Information Units per minute) and productivity (noun and verb counts per utterance) of connected speech production. Eye-movement measures were employed to evaluate real-time cognitive processing associated with planning connected speech (pre-speech fixation counts and durations; eye fixations before the speech onset of each utterance).Results and conclusionsThe findings revealed age-related declines in linguistic measures, with older adults exhibiting decreased CIUs per minute and smaller counts of nouns and verbs per utterance. Age-related changes in eye movement measures were evident in that older adults displayed longer pre-speech fixation durations. Unlike younger adults, older adults exhibited higher pre-speech fixation counts on the Han River picture compared to the Beach picture, suggesting cognitive challenges in performing the task that requires producing more words and detailed descriptions. These results suggest that aging is associated with reduced informativeness and productivity of connected speech, as well as a decline in cognitive processing efficiency.
What do adults with visual impairment mean by well-being? Identifying the building blocks of well-being in the context of visual impairment
Authors: Heinze Nikki , Davies Ffion , York Sarah , Chan Stephanie Hoi-Ying , Farrell Derek , Gomes Renata S. M. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundWell-being has become a key outcome of health and support services for adults with visual impairment (V.I.). However, there is a lack of consensus on how well-being is conceptualized and assessed in V.I. research, if it is defined at all. A shared understanding of what well-being means in the context of adult V.I. is essential to enable comparison of findings across studies and collaboration between support organizations.MethodsThis article reports findings from a series of four online focus groups with adults with V.I. and one with practitioners working in the field of adult V.I. The focus groups explored what participants meant by well-being and which factors impacted their well-being. A total of 17 adults with V.I. and five practitioners took part. A list of all components of well-being, factors that impact well-being, and items in the protective buffer that may mitigate the impact of factors on well-being were extracted from the data.ResultsDespite the noted difficulty in defining well-being and disagreement around the extent to which well-being was universal or individual, a preliminary model of well-being emerged from the focus group discussions. The core of well-being reflects an overall feeling of contentment arising from a positive evaluation of how one is feeling, how one is feeling within oneself, and how one is feeling about one’s life. Factors relating to balance/equilibrium, health, mood, other people, the self, and a sense of security and purpose can positively or negatively impact well-being. This impact may be mitigated by a protective buffer consisting of one’s mood, mindset, ability to cope, resilience, and acceptance. Many items were discussed in multiple roles, e.g., as a component of well-being or factor.ConclusionThis research took a bottom-up approach to explore what well-being means in the context of adult V.I. The role of certain items and the structure of the proposed model of well-being will need to be confirmed in future research with stakeholders across the V.I. sector.
The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in pediatric type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Catherine , Cioana Milena , Saini Amandeep , Ragganandan Stephanie , Deng Jiawen , Nadarajah Ajantha , Hou Maggie , Qiu Yuan , Chen Sondra Song Jie , Rivas Angelica , Pal Toor Parm , Banfield Laura , Thabane Lehana , Samaan M. Constantine 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise in the pediatric population. One of the main associations of T2DM is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), yet the full burden of NAFLD in T2DM is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in pediatric patients with T2DM. We also aimed to evaluate the association of sex, race/ethnicity, geographic location, NAFLD diagnostic methods, and glycemic control with NAFLD prevalence in this population.MethodsLiterature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Web of Science Core Collection from database inception to 11 May 2023. This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42018091127). Observational studies with ≥10 participants reporting the prevalence of NAFLD in pediatric patients with T2DM were included. Four teams of two independent reviewers and one team with three reviewers screened articles and identified 26 papers fulfilling the eligibility criteria. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment, level of evidence assessment, and meta-analysis were performed.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of NAFLD was 33.82% (95% CI: 24.23–44.11), and NASH prevalence was 0.28% (95% CI: 0.00–1.04). The Middle East had the highest NAFLD prevalence of 55.88% (95% CI: 45.2–66.29), and Europe had the lowest prevalence of 22.46% (95% CI: 9.33–38.97). The prevalence of NAFLD was 24.17% (95% CI, 17.26–31.81) when only liver function tests were used, but it increased to 48.85% (95% CI, 34.31–63.48) when the latter tests were combined with ultrasound. Studies reporting solely on an ultrasound-based diagnosis of NAFLD reported a prevalence of 40.61% (95% CI, 17.25–66.42) compared to 54.72% (95% CI, 34.76–73.95) in studies using magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy. No differences in prevalence were noted based on glycemic control. Heterogeneity was high among studies.ConclusionNAFLD is a common comorbidity in pediatric T2DM. Further understanding of the optimal screening approaches for NAFLD diagnosis and evaluating its determinants and natural history are warranted to help establish its exact burden and to aid in the development of targeted screening, management, and prevention strategies for NAFLD in pediatric T2DM patients.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42018091127, PROSPERO CRD42018091127.
Forms and correlates of child maltreatment among autistic children involved in child protection services
Authors: Dion Jacinthe , Paquette Geneviève , De La Sablonnière-Griffin Mireille , Argumedes Malena , Martin-Storey Alexa , Bolduc Marie-Louise , Hélie Sonia , Bussières Ève-Line 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChild maltreatment is a significant social problem impacting both health and society, with severe and enduring consequences. Certain children, such as those with neurodevelopmental conditions like autism, may be more at risk of experiencing maltreatment. However, little research has examined the characteristics of these children. This study aimed to compare child maltreatment and child protection services experienced by autistic children to those of non-autistic children.MethodDrawing from a representative selection of verified cases of child abuse investigated by child protection services in Quebec, Canada, a sample of 1,805 substantiated child maltreatment cases were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 4.0% (n = 73) of children had child protection services-reported autism diagnoses. Attention-deficit (OR = 2.207) and attachment problems risk (OR = 2.899) were higher among autistic children compared to non-autistic children. They were more likely to be boys (OR = 5.747), and to present with an intellectual disability (OR = 11.987), but less likely to have previously been investigated by child protection services (OR = 0.722).ConclusionThese findings suggest that autistic children who have been maltreated are facing specific challenges that require protective interventions tailored to their specific needs.
The challenges of the wind. Ecology of serious leisure in the Brazilian Northeast
Authors: Sirost Olivier , Andrieu Bernard , Dantas da Costa Sobral Jullya Bheatriz , Da Nóbrega Petrucia 
Published: August 2024

AimThe aim of this study is to understand the development of windsports and the challenges faced by wind-based leisure activities.MethodsThe socio-historical dynamics behind the development of wind leisure are analysed on the basis of specialised tourism blogs, as well as a field study carried out in the Northeast Region of Brazil, combining ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews with 6 wind leisure enthusiasts. All the data is processed using the serious leisure perspective tools developed by Stebbins, and the body ecology tools developed by Andrieu et al.ResultsThe results show that wind sports provide a dual continuum. First of all, there are the practitioners, from Neophyte to Devotee Worker. Then there is the junction between land, water and air, where wind practices ensure a dual aesthetic. On the one hand, riders are united by a community of flow, emotion and sensation mediated by their relationship with the wind and the creation of play materials (waves, lagoons, trade winds). On the other hand, the tourist development of these practices serves a political narrative based on postcard aesthetics, enabling wind concessions to be traded for the development of wind farms.Conclusionthis original research calls for a more systematic exploration of wind practices and the hybridisation of natural elements, which seems to illustrate the crisis that modern sport and its institutions are going through today.
Comparative long-term outcomes of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty in knee osteoarthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Hai , Li Pengfei , Liu Zelin , Lv Hang , Yang Xiangjun , Liu Peiran 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundLong-term outcomes for knee osteoarthritis patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remain inconclusive.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes over five years, including Knee Society Pain Scores (KSPS), Knee Society Scores (KSS), Knee Society Function Scores (KSFS), range of motion (ROM), and survival rates—of UKA vs. TKA in knee osteoarthritis patients.DesignSystematic review using data from randomized controlled and cohort trials, and world databases.Data sourcesResearchers searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 1990 to March 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe researchers selected studies based on adult participants with knee osteoarthritis. Eligible studies compare UKA and TKA reports on clinical or surgical outcomes, including KSPS, KSS, KSFS, ROM and survival rates, over 5 years. The researchers excluded the studies fewer than five years, or if English text was unavailable.ResultsResearchers categorized twenty-nine eligible studies into three groups: five randomized controlled trials, 11 registries and database studies, and 13 cohort studies. The analysis revealed that neither TKA nor UKA definitively outperformed the other in terms of pain (SMD (95% CI): −0.06 [−0.41, 0.28], I2 = 90%) and KSS scores (SMD (95% CI): −0.07 [−0.23, 0.008], I2 = 81%) over a period of five years. However, KSFS (SMD (95% CI): −0.30 [−0.43, −0.17], I2 = 74%) and ROM (SMD (95% CI): −0.78 [−1.11, −0.46], I2 = 92%) tended to favor UKA, and survival rate favor TKA at 5 or over 5-year follow-up periods.ConclusionsUKA shows a trend towards better outcomes in KSFS and ROM, alongside a more favorable survival rate in TKA at the five-year and beyond follow-up periods.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=517835, PROSPERO (CRD42024517835).
Case report: Pathology, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of bovine abortion cases caused by Nocardia farcinica in Korean native cattle
Authors: Kim Eun-Mi , Yun Chi Sun , Bae You-Chan , Lee Hyunkyoung , Moon Bo-Youn , Lee Kichan , Jeoung Hye-Young , Ku Bok-Kyung , Kim Jongho 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionNocardia farcinica is an opportunistic bacterium that causes bovine mastitis and pulmonary, cutaneous, and central nervous system infections in humans. Bovine abortion caused by N. farcinica has been sporadically reported. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pathological findings of bovine abortions caused by N. farcinica in the Republic of Korea and determine the antimicrobial resistance and genotypical characteristics of N. farcinica isolates.Case presentationThree cases of bovine abortions were submitted to the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency for differential diagnosis. Grossly, one fetus showed severe lung consolidation following palpation of the entire lobes. Histologically, necrotizing granulomatous interstitial pneumonia was observed in all fetuses; a fetus with a gross lesion demonstrated necrotizing lymphadenitis in the mesenteric lymph nodes and necrotizing dermatitis in the ear. N. farcinica isolates were isolated from the abomasal contents and lungs of all fetuses. Finally, two cases were diagnosed as abortions due to N. farcinica, and one was diagnosed as an N. farcinica abortion coinfected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. According to the multilocus sequence analysis, all isolates were identified as N. farcinica and were determined to be genetically related to isolates from humans. Two N. farcinica isolates were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which is recommended as the first treatment for human nocardial infections.ConclusionThis is the first pathological report of bovine abortion caused by N. farcinica in the Republic of Korea. Further studies are needed to phenotypically and genotypically characterize N. farcinica isolates with various sources and continuously monitor antimicrobial resistance patterns.
A Structured Approach to Involve Stakeholders in Prioritising Topics for Systematic Reviews in Public Health
Authors: Hoekstra Dyon , Mütsch Margot , Borchard Annegret , Kien Christina , Griebler Ursula , Von Elm Erik , Rehfuess Eva , Gerhardus Ansgar , Lhachimi Stefan K. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop and apply a structured approach for prioritising topics for systematic reviews in public health, framed according to the readily applicable PICO format, which encourages the involvement of stakeholders’ preferences in a transparent matter.MethodsWe developed a multi-stage process, consisting of a scoping and two Delphi stages with web-based surveys and invited public health stakeholders in Switzerland to participate: First, respondents specified topics for different public health domains, which were reformulated in a PICO format by content analysis. Second, respondents rated the topics using five stakeholder-refined assessment criteria. Overall rankings were calculated to assess differences between stakeholder groups and rating criteria.ResultsIn total, 215 respondents suggested 728 topics altogether. The response rate in the two Delphi stages was 91.6% and 77.6%, respectively. Most top-rated review topics focused on the effectiveness of interventions providing education to different target groups, followed by interventions to increase access to specific healthcare services.ConclusionOur approach encourages involvement of stakeholders in identifying priorities for systematic reviews and highlights disparities between stakeholders and between individual criteria.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium Infections in a High-Risk Population
Authors: Hackett Asher , Yossepowitch Orit , Goor Yael , Sheffer Rivka , Schwartz Orna , Sheftel Yonatan , Weiss Yarden , Maor Yasmin 
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) infections and antibiotic resistance are increasing in prevalence while treatment options are limited. Limited data exist regarding MG resistance in Israel. Our aim was to study the prevalence of MG resistance in a sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinic in Israel. Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective study among patients attending an STI clinic during 2019–2020. MG isolates were tested to detect their resistance to azithromycin and fluoroquinolones (FQs) using commercial kits (Allplex™ MG & AziR Assay, Allplex™ MG & MoxiR Assay). We collected patient data regarding the risk factors for STIs and resistance. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for resistance. Results: Of the 142 patients who tested positive for MG, 50 (35.2%) and 22 (15.5%) had resistant mutations to azithromycin and FQ, respectively, and 13 (9.2%) showed resistance to both agents. In a multivariate logistic regression model, men who have sex with men (RR 7.01 95% CI 3.00–16.33) and past STIs (RR 2.33 95% CI 1.01–5.34) were independent risk factors for azithromycin resistance. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of azithromycin resistance and, to a lesser degree, FQ resistance. These findings may help design the treatment guidelines and support routine resistance testing in high-risk populations.
Anterior Sacroiliac Fracture Dislocation: A Comparative Radiologic analysis of Crescent Fractures in Pelvic Ring Injuries: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Chun You-Seung , Kwon Kyeong-Eon , Lee Se-Won 
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives: Anterior sacroiliac fracture dislocation (ASFD), also known as locked pelvis, is a rarely reported diagnosis. The types of ASFDs are often misdiagnosed as lateral compression fractures due to the presence of crescent fractures. In this study, we distinguished ASFD from lateral compression fractures (LC 2) and studied their characteristics. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study involving patients from a Level 1 trauma center. Fifty-nine patients under the age of 65 years with crescent fractures caused by a high-energy mechanism were investigated. Results: The incidence of ASFD was 25% (15 of 59) in patients with crescent fractures. Among the 15 patients, 6 had override of the ilium over the sacrum, inhibiting reduction in the sacroiliac joint. Pre-operative radiographic evaluations revealed that vertical displacement of the ASFD was larger than that of lateral compression fracture (LC 2) in the outlet view (mean 9.5 vs. 1.9 mm, p = 0.013), and the pelvic asymmetry ratio was larger in ASFD (mean 7.8 vs. 4.1, p = 0.006) in the pelvis AP view. All patients achieved union after surgery. Post-operative radiography showed no significant vertical displacement difference. There was no difference in vascular injury or hemodynamic instability requiring embolization or preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) between the two groups. Conclusions: Patients with ASFD have greater vertical displacement and asymmetry compared to patients with LC 2 fractures. These fractures must be distinguished for appropriate reduction and anterior plate fixation.