bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space–Time Wave Extremes: The Role of Metocean Forcings
Authors: Barbariol Francesco , Benetazzo Alvise , Carniel Sandro , Sclavo Mauro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWave observations and modeling have recently demonstrated that wave extremes of short-crested seas are poorly predicted by statistics of time records. Indeed, the highest waves pertain to wave groups at focusing that have space–time dynamics. Therefore, the statistical prediction of extremes of short-crested sea states should rely on the multidimensional random wave fields’ assumption. To adapt wave extreme statistics to the space–time domain, theoretical models using parameters of the directional wave spectrum have been recently developed. In this paper, the influence of metocean forcings (wind conditions, ambient current, and bottom depth) on these parameters and hence on wave extremes is studied with a twofold strategy. First, parametric spectral formulations [Pierson–Moskowitz and Joint North Sea Wave Project (JONSWAP) frequency spectra with cos2 directional distribution function] are considered to represent the dependence of wave extremes upon wind speed, fetch, and space domain size. Afterward, arbitrary conditions are simulated by using the SWAN numerical model adapted to store the spectral parameters, and the effects on extremes of current- and depth-induced shoaling are investigated. Preliminarily, the space–time extremes prediction model adopted is assessed by means of numerical simulations of Gaussian random seas. Compared to the significant wave height of the sea state and for a given space domain size, results show that space–time extremes are enhanced by opposite currents, whereas they are weakened by increasing wind conditions (wind speed and fetch) and by depth-induced shoaling. In this respect, the remarkable contribution to wave extremes of the size of the space domain is substantiated.
Influence of a Predecessor Rain Event on the Track of Tropical Cyclone Isaac (2012)
Authors: Galarneau Thomas J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Analysis of a predecessor rain event (PRE) over the Straits of Florida ahead of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Isaac on 25 August 2012 is presented. This PRE is unique compared to previously documented PREs in midlatitudes because it occurred over the oceanic subtropics and impacted the track of an approaching TC. The Isaac PRE developed in conjunction with a tropical moisture plume with precipitable water values over 60 mm that intersected a region of mid- and upper-level frontogenesis and warm air advection on the southeast flank of an upper-level trough. The PRE occurred in an environment with more abundant tropical moisture and weaker synoptic-scale forcing for ascent compared to the environments in which midlatitude PREs developed.
The Isaac PRE contributed to the fracture of the upper-level trough through negative potential vorticity advection by convectively driven divergent outflow. Fracture of the upper-level trough and midlevel cyclonic vorticity amplification associated with the PRE acted to steer Isaac south of Florida into the Gulf of Mexico. Forecasts from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Global Forecast System (NCEP–GFS) initialized at 0000 UTC 21–24 August 2012 failed to predict the PRE and as a result recurved TC Isaac over Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico rather than continued Isaac on a northwest course toward southeast Louisiana. Vorticity inversion and detailed diagnosis of the NCEP–GFS TC track forecast initialized at 0000 UTC 22 August is also presented to assess the relationship between the PRE and TC Isaac’s track.
Brief Report
Authors: Royer Allison K. , Wilson Paul F. , Royer Mark C. , Miyamoto Richard T. 
Published: April 2015

The sound pressure levels (SPLs) of common infant humidifiers were determined to identify the likely sound exposure to infants and young children. This primary investigative research study was completed at a tertiary‐level academic medical center otolaryngology and audiology laboratory. Five commercially available humidifiers were obtained from brick‐and‐mortar infant supply stores. Sound levels were measured at 20‐, 100‐, and 150‐cm distances at all available humidifier settings. Two of 5 (40%) humidifiers tested had SPL readings greater than the recommended hospital infant nursery levels (50 dB) at distances up to 100 cm. In this preliminary study, it was demonstrated that humidifiers marketed for infant nurseries may produce appreciably high decibel levels. Further characterization of the effect of humidifier design on SPLs and further elucidation of ambient sound levels associated with hearing risk are necessary before definitive conclusions and recommendations can be made.
Detoxification in medication-overuse headache, a retrospective controlled follow-up study: Does care by a headache nurse lead to cure?
Authors: Pijpers JA , Louter MA , de Bruin ME , van Zwet EW , Zitman FG , Ferrari MD , Terwindt GM 
Published: April 2015

Aim J.A.P. and M.A.L. contributed equally to this manuscript. The aim of this article is to determine whether support by a headache nurse in the treatment of medication-overuse headache (MOH) increases successful withdrawal, and to study determinants of response to withdrawal therapy. Methods A retrospective, controlled follow-up study was performed with 416 MOH patients. All patients were treated with outpatient withdrawal therapy, with two treatment arms: with or without the support of a specialised headache nurse. The outcome measures were: i) successful withdrawal, defined as discontinuation of all headache medication according to the study protocol; and ii) the responder rate, defined as the percentage of patients with ≥50% reduction in headache days after successful withdrawal and iii) relative reduction in headache days after successful withdrawal. Results Successful withdrawal percentages were significantly higher in the group supported by the headache nurse than in the group without support (73.1% vs. 60.7%; p = 0.008), which was confirmed in multivariate analysis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.11–2.71, p = 0.016). Support by a headache nurse was not associated with response. The underlying primary headache diagnosis, determined after withdrawal, was significantly correlated with response. Conclusion The support by a headache nurse results in an increased adherence to detoxification.
Cultural aspects related to informed consent in health research
Authors: Halkoaho Arja , Pietilä Anna-Maija , Ebbesen Mette , Karki Suyen , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: April 2015

Background: In order to protect the autonomy of human subjects, we need to take their culture into account when we are obtaining informed consent. Objective and research design: This study describes the cultural aspects related to informed consent in health research and is based on electronic searches that were conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases published between 2000 and 2013. A total of 25 articles were selected. Findings: Our findings indicate that cultural perspectives relating to the informed consent process are essential during the whole research process and particularly crucial in the planning phase of a study. Our study indicates that appropriate communication between different stakeholders plays a vital role in cultural understanding. Discussion and conclusion: The researchers’ awareness of cultural differences and their ability to work in a culturally sensitive way are key factors in improving study participation and retention in a multicultural context. Taking cultural aspects into account during the whole research process improves the quality of research.
Assessing Statistical Change Indices in Selected Social Work Intervention Research Studies
Authors: Ham Amanda D. , Huggins-Hoyt Kimberly Y. , Pettus Joelle 
Published: April 2015

Objectives: This study examined how evaluation and intervention research (IR) studies assessed statistical change to ascertain effectiveness. Methods: Studies from six core social work journals (2009–2013) were reviewed ( N = 1,380). Fifty-two evaluation ( n = 27) and intervention ( n = 25) studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies were categorized by the statistical change indices and effect sizes reported. Only intervention studies were included in the final analysis. Results: Multivariate analysis of variance (28%) was the most frequently used primary change statistic and χ2 (43%) was the most frequent secondary indicator. About 68% of studies reported effect sizes with Cohen’s d (28%) being the most frequent. Conclusion: In addition to assessing statistical significance, the extent of rigor lies in determining the size of any change or effect in evaluation and IR. Implications for social work practice and research are discussed.
A Strengths-Based Group Intervention for Women Who Experienced Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Walker-Williams Hayley J. , Fouché Ansie 
Published: April 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the benefits of a “survivor to thriver” strengths-based group intervention program to facilitate posttraumatic growth in women survivors of child sexual abuse. Method: A quasi-experimental, one group, pretest, posttest, time-delay design was employed using qualitative methods to evaluate the benefits of the intervention with 10 purposively selected women with a history of child sexual abuse. Six group sessions were conducted as well as a delayed follow-up session. Qualitative data were collected using drawings, narratives, and transcriptions. Results: Qualitative thematic content data analysis portrayed enabling processes of PTG such as emotional awareness, decisive action, posttrauma identity, and a healing group context. Conclusion: These themes suggest growth outcomes. However, a longitudinal study is recommended to establish efficacy and to inform practice with replicable interventions.
Subtalar Fusion Rate in Patients With Previous Ipsilateral Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Zanolli Diego H. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Isolated subtalar arthrodesis is generally successful, with reported fusion rates of 84% to 100%. However, alteration of subtalar joint mechanics and talar body vasculature after ankle fusion may negatively influence subsequent ipsilateral subtalar joint fusion. Because there is very limited information on the subtalar fusion rate in patients with previous ipsilateral ankle fusion, the purpose of this study was to describe fusion rates in subtalar joint arthrodesis with and without preexisting ankle fusion in a large consecutive series of primary subtalar arthrodesis cases. Methods: All primary subtalar fusions performed between January 2000 and December 2010 were reviewed. Thirteen of 151 consecutive cases were in patients with existing ipsilateral ankle fusions. All patients were evaluated for clinical and radiographic evidence of nonunion at follow-up, and fusion rates in the groups with and without previous ipsilateral ankle fusion were compared. Results: Five nonunions occurred in the 13 cases with prior ipsilateral ankle arthrodesis, a 61.5% fusion rate. Twelve nonunions were identified in the 138 cases without prior ankle arthrodesis, a significantly higher fusion rate of 91.3% ( P = .007). Conclusion: In our series, the subtalar fusion rate in patients with previous ipsilateral ankle arthrodesis was significantly lower than that for subtalar arthrodesis in the absence of ipsilateral ankle arthrodesis. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Overexpression of the shortest isoform of histone demethylase LSD1 primes hematopoietic stem cells for malignant transformation
Authors: Wada Taeko , Koyama Daisuke , Kikuchi Jiro , Honda Hiroaki , Furukawa Yusuke 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
LSD1 is barely expressed in normal hematopoietic stem cells, but is overexpressed in leukemias especially those of a T-cell origin. LSD1 overexpression forms preleukemic stem cells with an increased self-renewal potential in a transgenic mice model.
Clinical impact of stress dose steroids in patients with septic shock: insights from the PROWESS-Shock trial
Authors: Póvoa Pedro , Salluh Jorge I F , Martinez Maria L , Guillamat-Prats Raquel , Gallup Dianne , Al-Khalidi Hussein R , Thompson B Taylor , Ranieri V Marco , Artigas Antonio 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical impact of the administration of intravenous steroids, alone or in conjunction with drotrecogin-alfa (activated) (DrotAA), on the outcomes in septic shock patients.

Methods
We performed a sub-study of the PROWESS-Shock trial (septic shock patients who received fluids and vasopressors above a predefined threshold for at least 4 hours were randomized to receive either DrotAA or placebo for 96 hours). A propensity score for the administration of intravenous steroids for septic shock at baseline was constructed using multivariable logistic regression. Cox proportional hazards model using inverse probability of treatment weighting of the propensity score was used to estimate the effect of intravenous steroids, alone or in conjunction with DrotAA, on 28-day and 90-day all-cause mortality.

Results
A total of 1695 patients were enrolled of which 49.5% received intravenous steroids for treatment of septic shock at baseline (DrotAA + steroids N = 436; DrotAA + no steroids N = 414; placebo + steroids N = 403; placebo + no steroids N = 442). The propensity weighted risk of 28-day as well as 90-day mortality in those treated vs. those not treated with steroids did not differ among those randomized to DrotAA vs. placebo (interaction p-value = 0.38 and p = 0.27, respectively) nor was a difference detected within each randomized treatment. Similarly, the course of vasopressor use and cardiovascular SOFA did not appear to be influenced by steroid therapy. In patients with lung infection (N = 744), abdominal infection (N = 510), Gram-positive sepsis (N = 420) and Gram-negative sepsis (N = 461), the propensity weighted risk of 28-day as well as 90-day mortality in those treated vs. those not treated with steroids did not differ among those randomized to DrotAA vs. placebo nor was a difference detected within each randomized treatment.

Conclusions
In the present study of septic shock patients, after adjustment for treatment selection bias, we were unable to find noticeable positive impact from intravenous steroids for treatment of septic shock at baseline either in patients randomized for DrotAA or placebo.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00604214. Registered 24 January 2008.
Hepatic angiomyolipoma with special attention to radiologic imaging
Authors: Kuramoto Kunitaka , Beppu Toru , Namimoto Tomohiro , Hayashi Hiromitsu , Imai Katsunori , Nitta Hidetoshi , Hashimoto Daisuke , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Iyama Ken-Ichi , Ikeda Osamu , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Baba Hideo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Angiomyolipoma is a unique mesenchymal neoplasm composed of blood vessels as well as smooth muscle and adipose cells. The liver is a less common site of origin, and hepatic angiomyolipoma is often an incidental finding on diagnostic imaging or is identified on evaluation of nonspecific symptoms.

Case presentation
We experienced four patients who were diagnosed histologically with hepatic angiomyolipoma. The preoperative diagnoses were angiomyolipoma in two patients, hepatocellular carcinoma in one, and cavernous hemangioma in one. Three patients were treated with hepatectomy (one laparoscopic and two open approaches), and the diagnosis was completed by histological investigation of the resected specimen. The remaining one was diagnosed from tumor needle biopsy. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with respiratory triggering using b values of 0 and 800 s/mm2 was employed. An apparent diffusion coefficient map was generated from b values of 0 and 800 s/mm2 for calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient. The apparent diffusion coefficient values were calculated as 3.66, 1.21, 1.80, and 0.91 in patients 1 to 4, respectively. In MRI imaging, fat component was clearly demonstrated with chemical shift imaging in three patients. Early venous return was detected in three patients with computed tomography angiography.

Conclusion
Fat component and early venous return are important for a correct diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma. Unfortunately, apparent diffusion coefficient values in hepatic angiomyolipoma were overlapping with those in other benign and malignant tumors.
Shoreface ravinement evolution tracked by repeat geophysical surveys following Hurricane Ike, Bolivar Peninsula, Texas, 2008–2013
Authors: Goff John A. , Allison Mead A. , Gulick Sean P. S. , Reece Robert , Davis Marcy , Duncan Dan , Saustrup Steffen ,   The University of Texas Marine Geology and Geophysical Field Classes of 2010 and 2013
Published: April 2015

We have investigated the impact of Hurricane Ike on the shoreface of the Bolivar Peninsula, Texas, using three near-surface marine geophysical surveys during a five-year span following the storm, which made landfall in September of 2008. Multibeam bathymetry, sidescan backscatter, and CHIRP subbottom reflection data were collected during each survey. The first survey, in November, 2008, discovered the presence of an erosional, landward-facing scarp across a broad of the barrier spit shoreface at approximately 3.5-m water depth. The erosion incised into a shallow reflection horizon interpreted as the Holocene shoreface ravinement, exposing lag deposits that were truncated at the scarp and forming a thin high-backscatter anomaly. Up to 1.0 m of material was excavated shoreward of the scarp, including up to 0.5 m of shoreface sand above the shoreface ravinement, and another 0.5 m of indeterminate lithology below, consisting of easily erodible material. A second survey, in May 2010, found that the scarp had migrated seaward by up to 100 m and the depth of erosion indicated by the scarp had reduced to approximately [Formula: see text]. In a May 2013 survey, the scarp was no longer in evidence. The initial erosional event is interpreted to be caused by the ebb flow of the storm surge across the peninsula compounded by high-wave orbital velocities in the waning storm. This erosional event and its subsequent evolution demonstrate an impact on the shoreface lasting for years post-storm, as the shoreface gradually adjusted to a new equilibrium profile. These results document that an advancement of a shoreface ravinement can be caused by a single large event (e.g., tropical storm or hurricane) in this microtidal, relatively low wave energy setting. This process, tracked with near-surface geophysical techniques, was a key but seldom-observed component of the back stepping of barrier islands during sea-level rise.
Investigating internal magnetic field gradients in aquifer sediments
Authors: Fay Emily L. , Knight Rosemary J. , Song Yi-Qiao 
Published: April 2015

Internal magnetic field gradients in porous materials, if sufficiently large, can be a source of error in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the transverse relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the diffusion coefficient [Formula: see text]. Given that these measurements can provide information about the pore fluid and the pore geometry, it is important to determine the magnitude of internal gradients and assess their potential impact. We estimated the effective internal gradients in aquifer sediment samples using three methods. We used a 2D NMR method to map the distribution of internal gradients versus [Formula: see text] and found gradients up to [Formula: see text] with peak gradient values in the range of [Formula: see text] for most of the samples. The average effective gradient values, calculated from the slope of the mean log relaxation rate versus the squared echo time, typically fell above the peak gradient values in the 2D distributions, with a range from 12 to 230 G/cm. The maximum effective gradients, calculated from the magnetic susceptibility of the samples, were found to be the upper bounds for most of the gradient distributions. The mean gradient was found to increase with increasing magnetic susceptibility of the sample; however, pore size was also found to impact gradient magnitudes. Given that the distribution of internal gradient magnitudes is determined by the properties of the sediment and by the magnitude of the background field, our results have implications for the acquisition of logging and surface NMR data. We expect the internal gradients in many aquifer sediments to impact NMR logging measurements; this should be considered when selecting logging parameters and interpreting NMR logging data. In contrast, we expect internal gradients to have a negligible impact on surface NMR measurements because of the much smaller magnitude of the background magnetic field.
On the Representations of the Concept of Fear in Modern Media
Authors: Перовская  , Perovskaya Tatyana 
Published: April 2015

The article is devoted to the representation of the concept of fear in modern
media. The identified lexical paradigm of the concept of «fear», including
words nominees concept (including foreign), their derivatives of different
parts of speech, metaphorical nomination. The concept is presented as a
multidimensional semantic education, which allocates conceptual, figurative
and value components. The conceptual sides of the concept of «fear»
reflect the identity, of the word - the nominees of the concept, its systematic
synonyms in the dictionary definitions. Displaying the words «fear» at different
stages of development of the Russian language is reduced to the
semantics of «anxiety». The content of the concept is expanded guidance
on the sources, abuses fear, due to the new differential characteristics for
representation using morphological tokens. Individual media texts called
state of the investigation of fear. Demonstrate the existence of positive connotations,
associated with semantic «prospects conquered fear». Shaped
component concept includes associative - shaped signs that stand out
when comparing direct and mobile values in the analysis of metaphors and
idioms. A moral aspect of the concept is subjective fear. Assessment of
fear in media texts refers the reader to the political, economic and social
developments.
Fashion industry as an independent sector of economy
Authors: Климов Артур , Klimov Artur , Демина Татьяна , Demina Tatyana , Мерзлякова Александра , Merzlyakova Aleksandra 
Published: April 2015

Fashion is a temporary dominance of a certain style in any sphere of life, the pursuit of novelty.
From 1890 to 1960 small businesses for the production of clothing and accessories were gradually turning into mass production and becoming an industry, i.e., an independent sector of the economy, which includes the manufacture, distribution and consumption of goods of some kind, and conjugate sectors. Of great importance was the division of the economy of fashion goods into &#34;haute couture&#34; and &#34;ready-to-wear.&#34; It was the beginning of mass production of fashion (and hence rapidly changing and need to be replaced, without waiting for physical depreciation) things had a powerful impact on the economy. The fashion industry has grown around the world rapidly, outstripping other sectors of the economy, although the crises also affect this area.
In this case we can speak about a high multiplier effect exerted by the fashion industry on the economy. For example, it gives a powerful impetus to the production of raw materials (animal and plant) and materials, dyes, printing, etc.
The product of fashion specific: it is a reflection of the creative and financial components. Fashionable things became symbols of the membership in particular social groups, thereby increasing and maintaining demand.
All this ensures further stable growth of all types of production, in one way or another related to the fashion industry.
Unfortunately, the Russians&#180; love for foreign brands inhibits the development of this business in Russia. However, it can be expected that in 2014-2015 this can change due to the sharp depreciation of the ruble. There is a hope that Russian fashion producers will be able to take a chance to strengthen their positions.