bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Devenir électeur en Tunisie. Sociologie du vote bourgeois dans un quartier résidentiel (élections à l’Assemblée nationale constituante du 23 octobre 2011)
Authors: Heurtaux Jérôme 
Published: July 2014

Cet article présente les résultats d’une enquête sortie d’urnes réalisée lors des élections à l’Assemblée nationale constituante tunisienne du 23 octobre 2011 auprès des électeurs d’un bureau de vote de l’Ariana. Dans ce quartier bourgeois et résidentiel de la périphérie de Tunis, doit-on s’attendre à y rencontrer des électeurs soudainement politisés, montés aux urnes pour célébrer la démocratisation en actes et motivés – élections pour une assemblée constituante obligent – par le seul enjeu constitutionnel ? A travers trois angles d’analyse, notre enquête permet de nuancer voire de contredire cette analyse en terme de tabula rasa. Celui des logiques et des formes de la politisation, d’une part. L’idée selon laquelle, après une longue période d’apathie, ils se seraient massivement et entièrement intéressés à la politique, ne résiste pas à l’enquête empirique : tout montre au contraire un enracinement plus ancien de l’intérêt pour la politique, qui s’est trouvé réactualisé et amplifié dans le contexte révolutionnaire. Celui du sens donné aux élections par les électeurs, d’autre part. Là encore, il n’est pas certain que tous aient adhéré et avec le même enthousiasme à l’effervescence démocratique rapportée par la presse : les motivations de la participation sont plurielles et les enjeux de l’élection ne se réduisent pas à la volonté de construire la démocratie à travers l’élection d’une Assemblée constituante. Celui, enfin, de l’homogénéité politique de cette population et des motivations du vote : une part non négligeable choisit le parti islamiste et de nettes divisions structurent le vote « moderniste ».
Attention, une musique peut en cacher une autre
Authors: Martin Denis-Constant 
Published: July 2014

« Appropriation » est devenu un terme courant dans les écrits sur la musique, il désigne en général toutes sortes de copies, d’emprunts ou de recyclages qui aboutissent à constituer une pièce musicale en utilisant des éléments préexistants. Omniprésente dans la pratique des compositeurs de musique écrite européenne, elle apparaît comme l’un des mécanismes essentiels de l’élaboration des musiques dites « actuelles » (rap, techno, « musiques du monde ») mais se rencontre également dans bien d’autres genres. L’universalité de l’appropriation incite à aller au-delà du constat de son utilisation pour étudier plus précisément les procédures qui la gouvernent, les significations qu’elle revêt et les implications qu’elle peut entraîner pour, enfin, s’interroger sur les rapports qu’elle entretient avec la création. Dans le cadre de rapports de pouvoirs et d’inégalité, qui ont été traduits dans un droit occidentalocentriste, l’appropriation apparaît aux deux bouts de la chaîne de créativité et révèle des dimensions méconnues des relations de pouvoir.
Art, science, technologie
Authors: Fourmentraux Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2014

Qu’est-ce que « créer » dans un contexte interdisciplinaire tel que l'IRCAM (Paris) hybridant arts, sciences et technologies numériques ? Quelles catégories permettent de décrire ce type de création, quels critères permettent d’en évaluer le succès, quelles stratégies permettent de les pérenniser et de les diffuser ? S’il existe, en sciences humaines et sociales, des travaux fondateurs sur la création artistique (Alpers, 1988 ; Bourdieu, 1992), la recherche scientifique et de l’invention technologique (par ex. Fleck, 2005 [1935] ; Latour & Woolgar, 1979), en revanche les cadres théoriques et les enquêtes empiriques se font rares dès lors qu’on s’intéresse à des objets hybrides, coproduits par des domaines, des acteurs et des modes d’évaluation hétérogènes. L’intense développement des démarches interdisciplinaires depuis la fin du XXe siècle, ainsi que l’émergence d’arts nativement informatiques et numériques, obligent les sciences sociales à dépasser les frontières communément admises entre domaines d’études. Mais la nécessité de concevoir des cadres d’analyse adaptés aux innovations en art-science-technologie se fait sentir d’autant plus vivement aujourd’hui que cette triple intersection apparaît comme un lieu stratégique pour repenser de façon plus générale les modes d’organisation du travail (Menger, 2002 ; Fourmentraux, 2011) et les modes de production du savoir (Risset, 1998 ; Dautrey 2010).
Voler, donner, transmettre
Authors: Djebbari Elina 
Published: July 2014

Au Mali, les artistes des troupes de ballet se réfèrent en premier lieu à la notion de tradition pour évoquer leurs sources d’inspiration. Ce discours cache souvent un travail complexe de transformation et de réappropriation, attribuable à des individus bien définis. C’est cette ambivalence entre patrimoine collectif et ressource individuelle qui nourrit le processus de création des pièces de ballets, peu propice à des réglementations claires en termes de droit d’auteur. Le « vol des pas » et le « vol des rythmes » sont des pratiques répandues dans ce milieu, chacun pouvant voler et être volé, la condition étant de transformer son « butin » pour en proposer une création originale. En contrepartie, certains artistes reconnus peuvent « donner » mouvements, musiques et thèmes, à charge pour ceux qui les reçoivent de ne pas s’en approprier l’invention ou d’en proposer une contrepartie financière. La récurrence de l’utilisation de ces vols comme ressort créatif se révèle d’autant plus problématique lorsqu’il s’agit des pièces produites pour la Biennale Artistique et Culturelle qui deviennent à la fois patrimoine national et propriété du Ministère de la Culture. Dans cet article, je montrerai au final comment les usages locaux de cette pratique artistique entraînent les artistes de ballet à s’accommoder, mais aussi à manipuler, ces notions de droit d’auteur et de propriété artistique, entre code moral informel et législation officielle.
Droits d’auteur vs usages locaux de l’autorité
Authors: Olivier Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2014

En 2009, Konou Drambé, cadet d’une grande famille maraboutique de Djenné (Mali) sort une première K7 audio de louanges islamiques maduhu. À Djenné, cette K7 crée immédiatement une polémique : Drambé est accusé d’usurpation d’autorité et de déni de filiation. Mais que révèle vraiment cette K7 et la polémique qu’elle a suscitée ? Ce texte pose la question des différents régimes d’autorité exercés sur ces louanges religieuses, usages locaux (anciens ou récents) vs législation nationale, en montrant toutes les tensions, mais aussi les accommodements et même les innovations, que la coexistence de ces différents régimes génère.
Bridging Diverging Perspectives and Repairing Damaged Relationships in the Aftermath of Workplace Transgressions
Authors: Okimoto Tyler G. , Wenzel Michael 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT:Workplace transgressions elicit a variety of opinions about their meaning and what is required to address them. This diversity in views makes it difficult for managers to identify a mutually satisfactory response and to enable repair of the relationships between the affected parties. We develop a conceptual model for understanding how to bridge these diverging perspectives and foster relationship repair. Specifically, we argue that effective relationship repair is dependent on the parties’ reciprocal concern for others’ viewpoints and collective engagement in the justice repair process. This approach enhances our understanding of the interdependency between justice and reconciliation/reintegration, while also providing theoretical insight into the processes underlying restorative conferencing, innovations that promise to help managers heal damaged organizational bonds.
Testicular Niche Required for Human Spermatogonial Stem Cell Expansion
Authors: Smith James F. , Yango Pamela , Altman Eran , Choudhry Shweta , Poelzl Andrea , Zamah Alberuni M. , Rosen Mitchell , Klatsky Peter C. , Tran Nam D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Prepubertal boys treated with high-dose chemotherapy do not have an established means of fertility preservation because no established in vitro technique exists to expand and mature purified spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) to functional sperm in humans. In this study, we define and characterize the unique testicular cellular niche required for SSC expansion using testicular tissues from men with normal spermatogenesis. Highly purified SSCs and testicular somatic cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using SSEA-4 and THY1 as markers of SSCs and somatic cells. Cells were cultured on various established niches to assess their role in SSC expansion in a defined somatic cellular niche. Of all the niches examined, cells in the SSEA-4 population exclusively bound to adult testicular stromal cells, established colonies, and expanded. Further characterization of these testicular stromal cells revealed distinct mesenchymal markers and the ability to undergo differentiation along the mesenchymal lineage, supporting a testicular multipotent stromal cell origin. In vitro human SSC expansion requires a unique niche provided exclusively by testicular multipotent stromal cells with mesenchymal properties. These findings provide an important foundation for developing methods of inducing SSC growth and maturation in prepubertal testicular tissue, essential to enabling fertility preservation for these boys.
Welfare by the ear: comparing relative durations and frequencies of ear postures by using an automated tracking system in sheep
Authors: Vögeli S , Wechsler B , Gygax L 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGiven the increased interest in animal emotional reactions for assessing welfare, indicators for such reactions are sought. Ear postures and movements have been found to be promising indicators of emotional states in sheep and other animals. The manual recording of ear postures, however, is very time consuming and possibly prone to a degree of inaccuracy due to the subtle and fast nature of ear movements that have to be identified. Therefore, a number of previous studies have analysed the frequency of certain ear postures relative to all ear posture changes rather than measuring the relative duration spent with different ear postures. Here, we present an automated, continuous tracking system that keeps track of small and lightweight marker balls attached to the head and ears of sheep. We measured ear postures and movements when the animals were confronted with three physical stimuli thought to differ in valence (from negative to intermediate to positive). We then compared new ear-posture definitions reflecting the real time spent with certain ear postures during stimulation with previous definitions used for video-based analyses that assessed ear-posture changes in relation to the total number of observed ear postures. In the analysis, we correlated new and previous measures both between and within experimental stimuli using residuals from mixed-effects models. We found that the new and previous definitions of ear postures and movements correlated highly. Given these high correlations and the discussed theoretical and practical advantages of the automated tracking, the new recording system can be recommended highly for assessing reactions in animals that may indicate emotional states.
Owner perceptions of companion dog expressions of positive emotional states and the contexts in which they occur
Authors: Buckland EL , Volk HA , Burn CC , Abeyesinghe SM 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPromotion of positive experiences in companion animals is essential for maximising good welfare. However, the dearth of published literature on the experience and expression of positive emotional states in companion dogs suggests they are less well understood than negative emotions. Owner knowledge can provide a basis for generating hypotheses for experimental research, and can inform education initiatives. An online survey of 445 dog(Canis familiaris)owners in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland was used to identify key contexts and behaviours perceived by owners to be associated with positive emotions for companion dogs, and to examine factors which influence owner reports of key behaviours. The contexts most commonly associated with positive high arousal (PHA; ‘happy and excited’) were anticipation of walks or food and with positive low arousal (PLA; ‘happy and relaxed’) were resting and gentle stroking. Respondents’ behavioural profile for canine PHA involved barking, head held high, wide open and ‘bright’ eyes, ears pricked, tail wagging, mouth open, and active, playful behaviour. For PLA, respondents collectively described their dogs as silent, head resting, eyes closed or slightly closed, ears ‘down’, mouth closed and a calm/relaxed activity level. Notably, PLA states were described in less detail than PHA, suggesting the former may be less well understood or difficult to interpret. Dog breed and age, and owner experience and level of attachment to their pet significantly influenced respondents’ likelihood to report certain behavioural indicators, and may influence assessments of pet behaviour and underlying emotion. Further work is required to determine the validity of the behavioural expression and contexts perceived to be associated with positive experiences in dogs.
Pre-feeding behaviour in UK leisure horses and associated feeding routine risk factors
Authors: Hockenhull J , Creighton E 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany horses display unwanted behaviour prior to receiving concentrate feed or forage. These behaviours have received relatively little scientific attention as a distinct group of equine behaviour problems and risk factors for their performance have not been quantified. The objective of this study was to generate data on the diet of UK leisure horses, the feeding practices employed by their carers, and the prevalence of behaviour problems seen prior to feeding. A convenience sample of leisure horse carers were surveyed via a self-administered internet survey. Each carer provided data for only one horse, and to minimise recall bias was asked to report details of their horse's feeding routine over the week prior to completing the survey. Recruitment was spread over twelve calendar months. The survey was completed by 1,324 respondents, each reporting data for an individual horse in their care. Pre-feeding behaviour problems were common within the sample and were reduced by Principal Components Analysis into three components labelled: aggression; frustration; and stereotypies. While the specific risk factors associated with these problems differed, they fell into four distinct themes: how the horse is fed; the use of nutritional supplements; exercise and stabling; and the performance of oral investigative behaviour. The risk factors for pre-feeding behaviour problems identified in this study raise concerns about the way domestic horses are currently fed and managed. In conjunction with published empirical evidence they indicate that the welfare of domestic horses may be improved by adopting a feeding regime and management system more suited to their physiological and behavioural needs.
Equine on-farm welfare assessment: a review of animal-based indicators
Authors: Dalla Costa E , Murray L , Dai F , Canali E , Minero M 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe adaptability of horses and donkeys to different types of activity has seen the European equine industry become an important economic sector, giving rise to increasing concern regarding equine welfare. As part of the AWIN (Animal Welfare Indicators) project, this review focuses on scientific literature to find potential animal-based welfare indicators — the initial step in developing a valid, reliable and feasible on-farm welfare assessment protocol for equines. Forty-nine indicators were considered and classified in accordance with the four Principles and twelve Criteria developed by Welfare Quality®. Only practical indicators specifically for on-farm use were included, those requiring the use of specific instruments or laboratory analysis were excluded. Academic scientists, partners and collaborators of the AWIN project, discussed and agreed on validity, reliability, on-farm feasibility and acceptance by farmers for each indicator. Some aspects of equine welfare have been thoroughly investigated and appear to have indicators ready for on-farm use (eg ‘absence of prolonged hunger’, ‘absence of injuries and diseases’). On the other hand, a lack of animal-based measures were identified for other Criteria such as ‘absence of pain’ and ‘positive emotional state’. Ongoing research within the AWIN project has begun exploring some of the aforementioned Criteria — these preliminary results of promising indicators have been included (eg Horse Grimace Scale and Qualitative Behaviour Assessment). Further research should address the validity and reliability of indicators, such as human-animal relationship tests and signs of cold stress. As well as for working equines, the development and application of a welfare assessment protocol could be the first step for enhancing on-farm equine welfare.
Pets and pests: vervet monkey intake at a specialist South African rehabilitation centre
Authors: Healy A , Nijman V 
Published: July 2014

AbstractVervet monkeys(Chlorocebus pygerythrus)encounter a plethora of anthropogenic risks as a result of their ability to exploit humanaltered environments. A systematic assessment of these risks has not been carried out to date. Here, we aim to begin addressing this gap in our understanding of human-vervet conflict in South Africa. We present a descriptive analysis of the intake of the Vervet Monkey Foundation (VMF) — a specialist vervet monkey rehabilitation centre and sanctuary in the Limpopo Province. Between October 2003 and March 2012 almost 200 vervet monkeys arrived at the VMF. At least 161 infants arrived with a steady decrease in annual intake over time, most probably due to the increasing number of other centres in the province. Detailed data for all age classes were available from March 2009 to March 2012. Of the 50 monkeys that arrived during this period, more young monkeys (infants and juveniles) than adults arrived and more infants than juveniles. Intake of injured and uninjured monkeys was equal. The majority of injuries were caused by cars and the majority of uninjured arrivals were ex-pets handed over voluntarily. A distinct temporal pattern of arrival, peaking in the austral summer, coincides with the birthing season of vervet monkeys in South Africa. The merits of publishing such records and the welfare implications of the perceptions of and objections to these ‘pest’ primates are discussed.
Alternating asymmetric topography of the Alaska range along the strike‐slip Denali fault: Strain partitioning and lithospheric control across a terrane suture zone
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul G. , Roeske Sarah M. , Benowitz Jeffery A. , Riccio Steven J. , Perry Stephanie E. , Armstrong Phillip A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractContrasting lithospheric strength between terranes often results in the concentration of strain and deformation within the weaker material. Dramatic alternating asymmetric topography of the central and eastern Alaska Range along the active Denali fault is due to contrasting lithospheric strength between terranes and a suture zone, controlled by fault location with respect to the irregular boundary of a relatively stronger terrane backstop. Highest topography and greatest Neogene exhumation in the central Alaska Range occur on the concave side of the arcuate Denali fault, yet to the north and on the convex side of the fault in the eastern Alaska Range. The Denali fault largely lies along a Mesozoic suture zone between two large composite terranes (Yukon and Wrangellia composite terranes: YCT and WCT), but the McKinley strand of the fault cuts across an embayment of weaker suture‐zone rocks (Alaska Range suture‐zone, ARSZ) within the irregular southern boundary of the YCT (Hines Creek fault). Deformation (and uplift of the Alaska Range) is driven by slip and partitioning of strain along the Denali fault, occurring preferentially in weaker rocks of the ARSZ against the stronger YCT. Where the YCT lies well north of the McKinley strand, deformation is primarily to the north of the fault (eastern Alaska Range). Where the YCT is close to the fault, deformation is primarily to the south (central Alaska Range). While the trace of the McKinley strand approximates a small circle, two restraining bends (McKinley and Hayes) pinned equidistant from the ends of this strand localize uplift and exhumation.
Magmatic development of the outer Vøring margin from seismic data
Authors: Breivik Asbjørn , Faleide Jan Inge , Mjelde Rolf , Flueh Ernst , Murai Yoshio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Vøring Plateau off mid‐Norway is a volcanic passive margin, located north of the East Jan Mayen Fracture Zone (EJMFZ). Large volumes of magmatic rocks were emplaced during Early Eocene margin formation. In 2003, an ocean bottom seismometer survey was acquired over the margin. One profile crosses from the Vøring Plateau to the Vøring Spur, a bathymetric high north of the EJMFZ. The P wave data were ray traced into a 2‐D crustal velocity model. The velocity structure of the Vøring Spur indicates up to 15 km igneous crustal thickness. Magmatic processes can be estimated by comparing seismic velocity (VP) with igneous thickness (H). This and two other profiles show a positive H‐VP correlation at the Vøring Plateau, consistent with elevated mantle temperature at breakup. However, during the first 2 Ma magma production was augmented by a secondary process, possibly small‐scale convection. From ∼51.5 Ma excess melting may be caused by elevated mantle temperature alone. Seismic stratigraphy around the Vøring Spur shows that it was created by at least two uplift events, with the main episode close to the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Low H‐VP correlation of the spur is consistent with renewed igneous growth by constant, moderate‐degree mantle melting, not related to the breakup magmatism. The admittance function between bathymetry and free‐air gravity shows that the high is near local isostatic equilibrium, precluding that compressional flexure at the EJMFZ uplifted the high. We find a proposed Eocene triple junction model for the margin to be inconsistent with observations.
Dynamics of dikes versus cone sheets in volcanic systems
Authors: Galland Olivier , Burchardt Steffi , Hallot Erwan , Mourgues Régis , Bulois Cédric 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIgneous sheet intrusions of various shapes, such as dikes and cone sheets, coexist as parts of complex volcanic plumbing systems likely fed by common sources. How they form is fundamental regarding volcanic hazards, yet no dynamic model simulates and predicts satisfactorily their diversity. Here we present scaled laboratory experiments that reproduced dikes and cone sheets under controlled conditions. Our models show that their formation is governed by a dimensionless ratio (Π1), which describes the geometry of the magma source, and a dynamic dimensionless ratio (Π2), which compares the viscous stresses in the flowing magma to the host rock strength. Plotting our experiments against these two numbers results in a phase diagram evidencing a dike and a cone sheet field, separated by a sharp transition that fits a power law. This result shows that dikes and cone sheets correspond to distinct physical regimes of magma emplacement in the crust. For a given host rock strength, cone sheets preferentially form when the source is shallow, relative to its lateral extent, or when the magma influx velocity (or viscosity) is high. Conversely, dikes form when the source is deep compared to its size, or when magma influx rate (or viscosity) is low. Both dikes and cone sheets may form from the same source, the shift from one regime to the other being then controlled by magma dynamics, i.e., different values of Π2. The extrapolated empirical dike‐to‐cone sheet transition is in good agreement with the occurrence of dikes and cone sheets in various natural volcanic settings.