bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Stable Equilibria of the Atlantic Subpolar Gyre
Authors: Born Andreas , Stocker Thomas F. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The cyclonic circulation of the Atlantic subpolar gyre is a key mechanism for North Atlantic climate variability on a wide range of time scales. It is generally accepted that it is driven by both cyclonic winds and buoyancy forcing, yet the individual importance and dynamical interactions of the two contributions remain unclear. The authors propose a simplified four-box model representing the convective basin of the Labrador Sea and its shallow and deep boundary current system, the western subpolar gyre. Convective heat loss drives a baroclinic flow of relatively light water around the dense center. Eddy salt flux from the boundary current to the center increases with a stronger circulation, favors the formation of dense waters, and thereby sustains a strong baroclinic flow, approximately 10%–25% of the total. In contrast, when the baroclinic flow is not active, surface waters may be too fresh to convect, and a buoyancy-driven circulation cannot develop. This situation corresponds to a second stable circulation mode. A hysteresis is found for variations in surface freshwater flux and the salinity of the near-surface boundary current. An analytical solution is presented and analyzed.
The effects of action observational training on walking ability in chronic stroke patients: a double-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bang Dae-Hyouk , Shin Won-Seob , Kim Sun-Yeob , Choi Jong-Duk 
Published: October 2013

Objective: To investigate the effect of action observational training on walking ability with chronic stroke patients. Design: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Thirty chronic stroke patients. Interventions: Patients in both groups underwent treadmill training for 30 minutes. The action observational training group ( n = 15) watched a video of treadmill walking actions taken at various speeds before treadmill training for 10 minutes. The control group ( n = 15) watched a nature video unrelated to gait training for the same amount of time. All participants received training five times a week for a period of four weeks. Main measures: Timed up and go test, 10-metre walk test, 6-minute walk test and maximal flexed knee angle in the swing phase during walking. Results: There were significant improvements in timed up and go test (–4.47 vs. –2.47 seconds), 10-m walk test (0.35 vs. 0.16 m/s), 6-minute walk test (93.13 vs. 32.53 m) and maximal flexed knee angle in the swing phase during walking (7.11 vs. 4.58 degrees) in the action observational training group compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). Small to huge effect sizes of 1.27, 0.57, 2.34 and 0.37 were observed for timed up and go test, 10-m walk test, 6-minute walk test, and maximal flexed knee angle in the swing phase during walking, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that action observational training is an effective method for improvement of the walking ability in chronic stroke patients.
Is it worthwhile to conduct a randomized controlled trial of glaucoma screening in the United Kingdom?
Authors: Burr Jennifer , Hernández Rodolfo , Ramsay Craig , Prior Maria , Campbell Susan , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Campbell Marion , Francis Jill , Vale Luke 
Published: October 2013

Objectives To assess the value of conducting a glaucoma screening randomized controlled trial in the UK. Methods Decision model based economic evaluation and value of information analysis. Model derived from a previous health technology assessment. Model updated in terms of structure and parameter estimates with data from surveys, interviews with members of the public and health care providers and routine sources. Results On average, across a range of ages of initiating screening (40–60 years), glaucoma prevalence (1–5%), screening uptake (30–100%), and the performance of current case finding, screening was not cost-effective at a £30,000 threshold per quality adjusted life year (QALY) from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS). The societal value of removing all uncertainty around glaucoma screening is £107 million at a threshold of £20,000 per QALY. For informing policy decisions on glaucoma screening, reducing uncertainty surrounding the NHS and personal social care cost of sight impairment (£74 million) was of most value, followed by reducing uncertainty in test performance (£14 million) and uptake of either screening or current eye care (£8 million each). Conclusions A glaucoma screening trial in the UK is unlikely to be the best use of research resources. Further research to quantify the costs of sight impairment falling on the NHS and personal social services is a priority. Further development of glaucoma tests and research into strategies to promote the uptake of screening or current eye care such as through the use of a behavioural intervention would be worthwhile.
Overproduction of NOX-derived ROS in AML promotes proliferation and is associated with defective oxidative stress signaling
Authors: Hole Paul S. , Zabkiewicz Joanna , Munje Chinmay , Newton Zarabeth , Pearn Lorna , White Paul , Marquez Nuria , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Tonks Alex , Darley Richard L. 
Published: October 2013

Key Points
More than 60% of primary AML blasts constitutively produce high levels of NOX-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), which drives AML proliferation. High ROS AMLs show depleted antioxidant defenses but evade the oxidative stress response through suppression of p38MAPK signaling.
A Mendelian predisposition to B-cell lymphoma caused by IL-10R deficiency
Authors: Neven Bénédicte , Mamessier Emilie , Bruneau Julie , Kaltenbach Sophie , Kotlarz Daniel , Suarez Felipe , Masliah-Planchon Julien , Billot Katy , Canioni Danielle , Frange Pierre , Radford-Weiss Isabelle , Asnafi Vahid , Murugan Dhaarini , Bole Christine , Nitschke Patrick , Goulet Olivier , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Blanche Stéphane , Picard Capucine , Hermine Olivier , Rieux-Laucat Frederic , Brousse Nicole , Davi Frederic , Baud Véronique , Klein Christoph , Nadel Bertrand , Ruemmele Frank , Fischer Alain 
Published: October 2013

Key Points
Human inherited IL-10 receptor deficiency is associated with a very high risk of non-EBV–related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. IL-10 signaling may be involved in the immune control of germinal center B-cell lymphoma.
Potential of recombinant inorganic pyrophosphatase antigen as a new vaccine candidate against Baylisascaris schroederi in mice
Authors: Xie Yue , Chen Sijie , Yan Yubo , Zhang Zhihe , Li Desheng , Yu Hua , Wang Chengdong , Nong Xiang , Zhou Xuan , Gu Xiaobin , Wang Shuxian , Peng Xuerong , Yang Guangyou 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe intestinal nematodeBaylisascaris schroederiis an important cause of death for wild and captive giant pandas. Inorganic pyrophosphatases (PPases) are critical for development and molting in nematode parasites and represent potential targets for vaccination. Here, a new PPase homologue,Bsc-PYP-1, fromB. schroederiwas identified and characterized, and its potential as a vaccine candidate was evaluated in a mouse challenge model. Sequence alignment of PPases from nematode parasites and other organisms show thatBsc-PYP-1 is a nematode-specific member of the family I soluble PPases. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong localization of nativeBsc-PYP-1 to the body wall, gut epithelium, ovary and uterus of adult female worms. Additionally,Bsc-PYP-1 homologues were found in roundworms infecting humans (Ascaris lumbricoides), swine (Ascaris suum) and dogs (Toxocara canis). In two vaccine trials, recombinantBsc-PYP-1 (rBsc-PYP-1) formulated with Freund complete adjuvant induced significantly high antigen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G but no IgE or IgM responses. Analysis of IgG-subclass profiles revealed a greater increase of IgG1 than IgG2a. Splenocytes from rBsc-PYP-1/FCA-immunized mice secreted low levels of T helper (Th)1-type cytokines, interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, while producing significantly high levels of IL-10 and significantly elevated levels of IL-4 (Th2 cytokines) after stimulation with rBsc-PYP-1 in vitro. Finally, vaccinated mice had 69.02–71.15% reductions (in 2 experiments) in larval recovery 7 days post-challenge (dpc) and 80% survival at 80 dpc. These results suggest that Th2-mediated immunity elicited by rBsc-PYP-1 provides protection againstB. schroederi, and the findings should contribute to further development ofBsc-PYP-1 as a candidate vaccine against baylisascariasis.
H3N2 canine influenza virus causes severe morbidity in dogs with induction of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis
Authors: Kang Young Myong , Kim Heui Man , Ku Keun Bon , Park Eun Hye , Yum Jung , Seo Sang Heui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Dogs are companion animals that live in close proximity with humans. Canine H3N2 influenza virus has been isolated from pet dogs that showed severe respiratory signs and other clinical symptoms such as fever, reduced body weight, and interstitial pneumonia. The canine H3N2 influenza virus can be highly transmissible among dogs via aerosols. When we analyzed global gene expression in the lungs of infected dogs, the genes associated with the immune response and cell death were greatly elevated. Taken together, our results suggest that canine H3N2 influenza virus can be easily transmitted among dogs, and that severe pneumonia in the infected dogs may be partially due to the elevated expression of genes related to inflammation and apoptosis.
Lupus-like oral mucosal lesions in mercury-induced autoimmune response in Brown Norway rats
Authors: Seno Kei , Ohno Jun , Ota Nobutaka , Hirofuji Takao , Taniguchi Kunihisa 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAdministration of mercury at nontoxic doses induces systemic autoimmune disease in Brown Norway (BN) rats. The pathogenesis of lupus-like oral mucosal lesion by mercury-induced autoimmunity is still unclear, even though the oral mucosa is observed to be commonly affected in mercury-treated BN rats. In this study, we investigated the immunopathology of lupus-like oral mucosal lesions in a model of mercury-induced systemic autoimmunity.MethodsBrown Norway male rats were injected subcutaneously with either phosphate-buffered saline (control) or mercury at a dose of 1.0 mg per kilogram of body weight on days 0, 3, 5, and 7. Blood, kidney, and tongue samples were taken at various timepoints for evaluation by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and lupus band test (LBT).ResultsOral mucosal lesions were classified according to three consecutive temporal phases on the basis of infiltration of immunocompetent cells as follows: (phase I) infiltration of MHC class II+dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages; (phase II) addition of ED1+macrophage infiltrates; and (phase III) focal infiltration of pan T cells following increased infiltration of DC and macrophages. Dense infiltration of DC and macrophages was observed in the basement membrane (BM) zone of the oral epithelium. Tissue expression of IL-4 mRNA was detected in early lesions (phase I), suggesting that locally produced IL-4 may be responsible for Th2-mediated immune response. A linear and continuous smooth pattern of fluorescence was observed in the oral epithelial BM in addition to renal glomeruli, indicating immune complex deposits.ConclusionsLocal autoimmune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of mercury-induced lupus-like lesions of the oral mucosa.
A case of rectal tumor in which the shape altered with regression in short period
Authors: Nakamura Fumihiko , Sakamoto Taku , Nakajima Takeshi , Saito Yutaka , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Matsuda Takahisa 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Histological regression of solid tumors in adults receiving no treatment is rare. Specifically, spontaneous partial and complete regression of colorectal cancers account for less than 2% of such cases and those without metastasis are exceedingly rare.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old male underwent total colonoscopy following a positive fecal occult blood test at the referring hospital. A flat elevated lesion with central reddish depression, 10 mm in diameter, was detected in the lower rectum. Biopsy results from the referring hospital showed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma and the patient was referred to our hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Preoperative colonoscopy was performed to determine the therapeutic strategy; however, we found only scar tissue and there were no endoscopic features to suggest malignancy. Biopsy from the scar revealed normal rectal mucosa and we performed diagnostic endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device (ESMR-L) one week later. The resected specimen showed a 1 mm well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with low-grade atypia and no lymphovascular invasion. The macroscopic type was 0-IIb, the depth of invasion was intramucosal, and the vertical and lateral margins were negative. There has been no evidence of recurrence for 18 months following treatment.

Conclusion
We report a case of a rectal tumor showing regression over a short period without treatment. Spontaneous regression of malignant tumors is a rare and unexplained phenomenon. Further research and understanding of the mechanism holds the key for treatment and prevention of cancer in the future.
Cerebellar cavernous malformations with and without associated developmental venous anomalies
Authors: Zhang Peifeng , Liu Lingtong , Cao Yong , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jizong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The clinical profiles of cerebellar cavernous malformations (CCMs) with and without associated developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are not well known. The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical and radiological characteristics of CCMs and to assess the various therapeutic strategies.

Methods
A consecutive series of 41 patients with identified CCMs were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 11 patients (26.8%) were found to have associated DVAs. We compared the clinical profile of the two groups of patients (CCMs with and without DVAs). The CCMs with DVAs cases underwent radical resection of the CCMs, and the distal radicles of the DVAs that directly drain from the CCMs were coagulated and dissected at the length of the CCMs.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, sex, location and size of lesions, multiplicity, and surgical prognosis. The patients with CCMs with DVAs did not experience any brain swelling or hemorrhagic tendency intraoperatively. The postoperative course was uneventful for all of the 36 surgical patients with the exception of two of the patients with CCMs with associated DVAs, who suffered from serious cerebellar edema, and one of these two patients underwent an emergency suboccipital decompression craniotomy. With the exception of three patients who were lost to follow-up (mean, 22.3 months), all of the CCMs patients exhibited good long-term prognosis (modified Rankin scale values of 0–2) and no reoccurrence.

Conclusions
It is not rare that associated DVAs occur in CCMs. The total removal of the CCM combined with the coagulation and dissection of the distal radicles of DVA at the length of the associated CCM may result in good long-term prognosis in patients.
A study to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of packaged interventions (“Diarrhea Pack”) for prevention and treatment of childhood diarrhea in rural Pakistan
Authors: Habib Muhammad Atif , Soofi Sajid , Sadiq Kamran , Samejo Tariq , Hussain Musawar , Mirani Mushtaq , Rehmatullah Asmatullah , Ahmed Imran , Bhutta Zulfiqar A 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Diarrhea remains one of the leading public health issues in developing countries and is a major contributor in morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Interventions such as ORS, Zinc, water purification and improved hygiene and sanitation can significantly reduce the diarrhea burden but their coverage remains low and has not been tested as packaged intervention before. This study attempts to evaluate the package of evidence based interventions in a “Diarrhea Pack” through first level health care providers at domiciliary level in community based settings. This study sought to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility and impact of diarrhea Pack on diarrhea burden.

Methods
A cluster randomized design was used to evaluate the objectives of the project a union council was considered as a cluster for analysis, a total of eight clusters, four in intervention and four in control were included in the study. We conducted a baseline survey in all clusters followed by the delivery of diarrhea Pack in intervention clusters through community health workers at domiciliary level and through sales promoters to health care providers and pharmacies. Four quarterly surveillance rounds were conducted to evaluate the impact of diarrhea pack in all clusters by an independent team of Field workers.

Results
Both the intervention and control clusters were similar at the baseline but as the study progress we found a significant increase in uptake of ORS and Zinc along with the reduction in antibiotic use, diarrhea burden and hospitalization in intervention clusters when compared with the control clusters. We found that the Diarrhea Pack was well accepted with all of its components in the community.

Conclusion
The intervention was well accepted and had a productive impact on the uptake of ORS and zinc and reduction in the use of antibiotics. It is feasible to deliver interventions such as diarrhea pack through community health workers in community settings. The intervention has the potential to be scaled up at national level.
Protective effects of Zhuyeqing liquor on the immune function of normal and immunosuppressed mice in vivo
Authors: Gao Hong-ying , Li Guo-yu , Huang Jian , Han Ying , Sun Fu-zhou , Du Xiao-wei , An Li-juan , Wang Hang-yu , Wang Jin-hui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL), a well-known Chinese traditional health liquor, has various biological properties, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunoenhancement and cardiovascular protective effects.

Methods
The protective effects of Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) on the immune function was investigated in vivo in normal healthy mice and immunosuppressed mice treated with Cyclophosphamide (Cy, 100 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection on days 4, 8 and 12. ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered via gavage daily for 14 days. The phagocytotic function of mononuclear phagocytic system was detected with carbon clearance methods, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in serum were detected with Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immune organs were weighed and organ indexes (organ weight/body weight) of thymus and spleen were calculated. Meanwhile, the activity of lysozyme (LSZ) in serum and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) in spleen tissue were measured.

Results
ZYQL significantly upgrades the K value for clearance of carbon particles in normal mice treated with ZYQL (400 mg/kg) and immunosuppressed mice treated with ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) together with Cy (100 mg/kg) in vivo. The treatment of ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) effectively increased the activity of serum lysozyme as well as promoted the serum levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ in normal mice and immunosuppressed mice. Furthermore, ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) had an antioxidant effects in immune system by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px in vivo. In addition, ZYQL (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) effectively elevated the Cy-induced decreased organ index (thymus and spleen).

Conclusions
The present work shows that the dose-dependent administration of ZYQL is capable of influencing immune responses, which implying that its valuable functional health may be attributed partly to its protective effects for the immune function.
Protective effect of Zhuyeqing liquor, a Chinese traditional health liquor, on acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Gao Hong-ying , Huang Jian , Wang Hang-yu , Du Xiao-wei , Cheng Suo-ming , Han Ying , Wang Li-fei , Li Guo-yu , Wang Jin-hui 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The study first evaluated the hepatoprotective effect of Zhuyeqing Liquor (ZYQL) against acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. Animals were administered orally with 50% alcohol 12 ml/kg at 4 h after the doses of ZYQL everyday for fourteen consecutive days except mice in normal group. The protective effect was evaluated by biochemical parameters including serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), total-bilirubin (TBIL) and reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue. The result were confirmed histopathologically and the expression of TNF-α in mice liver was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis. HPLC-PDA was used for phytochemical analysis of ZYQL, and the plant source of each compound was claritied by UPLC-TOF-MS. The result showed that pretreatment with ZYQL exhibited a significant protective effect by reversing the biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in a dose depended manner. HPLC analysis indicated that ZYQL contained flavonoids, iridoids, terpenoids and phenolic acids, which might be the active chemicals. This study demonstrated the hepatoprotective activity of ZYQL, thus scientifically supported the function of its health care.