bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensuring security of local gas supply using pipeline gas storage
Authors: Eparu Cristian , Suditu Silvian , Prundurel Alina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents a natural gas supply system of a locality. Since power consumption is nonstationary, for supplying the consumption peaks it is used a gas deposit kept in a pipeline built near the locality. The viability of this solution was demonstrated by simulation with the numerical simulator SIMONE.
Preliminary studies on genetic diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus in Lithuania
Authors: Motiejūnaitė Jurga , Kačergius Audrius , Kasparavičius Jonas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Motiejūnaitė J., Kačergius A., Kasparavičius J., 2013: Preliminary studies on genetic diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus in Lithuania [Pradiniai ektomikorizinio grybo Suillus bovinus genetinio kintamumo Lietuvoje tyrimai]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 91-98. Genetic diversity of some Lithuanian populations of Suillus bovinus was assessed basing on nucleotide sequence of ITS1 and 2 regions, and the 5.8S RNA gene obtained from 42 samples. Four haplotypes were defined, each representing isolate groups of varying abundance and distribution. The most abundant and widely distributed was haplotype 2. All Lithuanian haplotypes nested in one, the largest clade of European isolates of S. bovinus.
Benthic microalgae under the influence of beach nourishment in the Gulf of Odessa (the Black Sea)
Authors: Snigirova Anastasiya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Snigirova A., 2013: Benthic microalgae under the influence of beach nourishment in the Gulf of Odessa (the Black Sea) [Paplūdimių papildymo smėliu poveikis bentosinių dumblių bendrijoms Odesos įlankoje (Juodoji jūra)]. - Bot. Lith., 19(2): 120-128. The coast of the Gulf of Odessa (Odessa Bay) in the north-western part of the Black Sea is exposed to abrasive processes, which lead to its destruction. One of the measures for landslides stabilization is sand nourishment, which was held on the beach of the gulf in October 2007. As a result of shore protection works, the sand grain size on the beaches of Odessa has decreased by 53% on average. The influence of sand grain size on the abundance and biomass of benthic microalgae was investigated. Benthic microalgae were presented mostly by Bacillariophyta and Dinophyta. Other groups of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta and Cryptophyta were less presented. The abundance and biomass of algae increased threefold and fourfold, accordingly, as a result of sand nourishment. Significant influence of fine sand particles on the biomass and abundance of microalgae was revealed. However, the structure of algological assemblages changed because of the increase of mixotrophic groups of algae contribution.
Process Management in Public Management of a Transition Country: Case Study of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Salkić Ismet , Bošnjović Jasna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: New methods, means and approaches for increasing the efficiency of public administration are constantly being discovered. This paper considers the possibility of applying a new form of organisation-known as the process organisation structure-in public administration. Objectives: The first aim is to conduct research on the extent to which work processes in public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina are process oriented. The second aim of this paper is to measure the efficiency of public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The research was conducted through a questionnaire survey and included all governmental levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study involved 112 public organizations' managers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: The first result is that the concept of business process organization has different values depending on the level of government. Another result is that the success of public organizations is different at different governmental levels in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conclusions: This paper shows that the process-oriented management can be applied in public administration with the result of increasing the efficiency of organisations, thus increasing citizen satisfaction with public services. This paper should encourage managers and leaders to consider applying this model in the public sector, i.e. in public administration.
Clusters as a Factor of Rural Tourism Competitiveness: Montenegro Experiences
Authors: Moric Ilija 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: The tourism cluster-approach is considered to be an appropriate strategy in emerging economies and less developed areas. Due to scarce resources and a great number of structural problems of rural areas in Montenegro, uniting all stakeholders and attractions into a competitive tourism cluster would ensure that the area could operate and become an effective and efficient rural tourism destination. Objectives: The objective of this paper is to highlight the key challenges of rural tourism clustering and provide new data and a wider understanding of the tourism-cluster approach in Montenegrin rural areas. Methods: Using the extensive literature, available secondary data from government bodies, NGOs, foreign development agencies, relevant international organisations and primary data collected from rural tourism operators in Montenegro, the paper investigates key challenges and factors associated with (in)efficiency of Montenegrin theme trails. Results: Several management and marketing issues are identified regarding the cluster approach implementation. Special importance and significance of information technologies and intelligent systems have been recognized in sense of cost-effective marketing implementation. Most Montenegrin trails are still in the first phase of cluster development, whereas just two of them have experienced a significant improvement in cooperative behaviour. Conclusions: Key benefits of the cluster approach are noted and clearly defined, but in the case of the Montenegrin rural tourism sector, these potentials are still, to a large extent, underused.
Croatia’s participation in the Seventh Framework Programme: a Moderate Success?
Authors: Mataković Hrvoje , Novak Iva Radočaj 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background: The Framework Programme (FP7) is the main instrument of the EU for financing research, and participation in the programme benefits greatly to countries’ technological development. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to assess the participation of Croatian organisations in FP7 in terms of specific programmes, funding schemes and the coordinator organisations. Methods: In order to assess this participation, two analyses have been done: the first is the analysis of participation itself analysing the basic characteristics of Croatian participation in FP7 using participation data. The second analysis is the analysis of external conditions for participation, i.e. a framework that influenced the quantity and the quality of participation in FP7. Results: Participation of Croatian institutions in the FP7 has the following features: the positive rate of the national and the EU financial contribution; an unequal regional distribution; a small number of projects coordinated by Croatian participants; a low success rate and rare participation in large research projects. Conclusions: Support should be provided to researchers in order to increase the participation in future funding programmes. First, researchers should perform only research and not the project administration since it requires well-educated and trained administration staff. Second, participants in future projects, especially coordinators, should be financially rewarded.
Chemistry issues in the investigation of students’ ecological awareness / Problematyka chemiczna w badaniach świadomości ekologicznej studentów
Authors: Puchała Czesław 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The development of chemical industry has brought civilization and economic benefits. Nowadays it is hard to image the everyday life without chemical products whose usage raises living standards. Unfortunately, the civilization development, where chemistry significantly contributed, caused unfavourable changes in natural environment. In order to stop further environment degradation, different initiatives are being taken up. They also concern activities in favour of chemical threats reduction. Particular role among those activities plays the concept of green chemistry which lists in the framework of sustainable development. One of the methods implementation of sustainable development rules is the properly conducted education in formal and non-formal dimensions. Education Decade for Sustainable Development announced by United Nations General Assembly, testifies its importance. The paper brings a closer current model of ecological (environmental) education on different teaching stages. A method of diagnostic survey was used in order to estimate the level of students` ecological awareness. The research is a continuation of our previous works. A survey was chosen as a research technique, and a questionnaire was a research tool. The questionnaire included 22 questions (closed and half-open ones). The research took into consideration only selected elements of ecological awareness. A special attention was paid to estimation of students` knowledge chemical threat aspects and protection of natural environment. Moreover, the paper presents historical outline of chemical industry development and its significance for civilization. The idea of green chemistry and its educational importance was shown as an example aiming at the reduction of chemical threats.
Nitrate reductase activity in chosen mosses: a case of study in skalny colliery waste tip / Aktywność reduktazy azotanowej u wybranych mchów na przykładzie hałdy powęglowej skalny
Authors: Krywult Marek , Salachna Anna , Chmura Damian , Żarnowiec Jan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Two species of mosses in relation to nitrogen metabolism were examined. This subject is little known in this group of plant. Investigations of nitrate reductase activity in green tissues of Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) Schimp. and Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P.Beauv. were performed. The study was conducted in two localities: heavy contaminated waste tip Skalny located in Upper Silesia, and Blonia City Park in Bielsko-Biala which place was chosen as a control area. For both species high activity of the enzyme was detected. The nitrate reductase activity varied between 99 to 9093 nmol per g dry mass per hour for B. rutabulum and 265 to 5135 nmol per g d.m. per hour of nitrite synthesized for A. undulatum respectively on Skalny waste tip. In the control area the results varied between 747 to 1077 for B. rutabulum and 171 to 518 nmol per g d.m. per hour of nitrite synthesized for A. undulatum, respectively. The differences were statistically significant only between the two species but not between habitats probably due to high dispersion and small amount of replications. The levels of nitrate and nitrite in stream water in both areas were also measured. In the Skalny waste tip there were high and reached 1.66 mg · dm-3 of nitrite and 65 mg · dm-3 of nitrate, respectively. In the control area these amounts were lower and reach zero level for nitrite and 4.5 mg · dm-3 of nitrate, respectively.
The evaluation of eutrophication level of Kozlowa Gora dam reservoir base on assemblages planktonic algae / Ocena stopnia zeutrofizowania zbiornika Kozłowa Góra na podstawie zbiorowisk glonów planktonowych
Authors: Jachniak Ewa 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this publication the eutrophication level of Kozlowa Gora dam reservoir base on composition species of algae and biomass of phytoplankton, was defined. The evaluation of phytoplankton biomass was achieved by two methods (direct - for biovolume by comparing the shape of algae to geometrical figures and indirect - base on concentrations of chlorophyll a). The trophic estimation of reservoir water was achieved on the grounds of classifications, which included the boundary values of phytoplankton biomass and concentrations of chlorophyll a. These boundary values are characteristic for individual trophic types of water. The typical species for eutrophic water were observed in the samples of water taking from the Kozlowa Gora dam reservoir, also the highest average percentage share of Cyanophyta in whole biomass of phytoplankton was observed (it may indicate on the advanced eutrophication processes). The research concerning the average biomass of phytoplankton and average concentrations of chlorophyll a allowed classification water of this reservoir to eutrophic and hipertrophic.
The influence of hydrogen on the electrochemical properties of selected types of stainless steel /Wpływ wodoru na właściwości elektrochemiczne wybranych gatunków stali nierdzewnych
Authors: Pietkun-Greber Izabela , Janka Ryszard M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of the influence of electrolytic hydrogenation on the change of electrochemical properties of selected stainless steels and their susceptibility to the formation of galvanic hydrogen. It has been shown that the electrolytic hydrogenation of steel X5CrNi18-10 and X6Cr17 in the state of delivery, not only changes their corrosion resistance, but also contributes to the formation of galvanic hydrogen cells.
KINETIC CHARACTERISATION OF CATALYSTS FOR METHANOL SYNTHESIS
Authors: Ledakowicz Stanisław , Nowicki Lech , Petera Jerzy , Nizioł Jarosław , Kowalik Paweł , Gołębiowski Andrzej 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The results of activity studies of four catalysts in methanol synthesis have been presented. A standard industrial catalyst TMC-3/1 was compared with two methanol catalysts promoted by the addition of magnesium and one promoted by zirconium. The kinetic analysis of the experimental results shows that the Cu/Zn/Al/Mg/1 catalyst was the least active. Although TMC-3/1 and Cu/Zn/Al/Mg/2 catalysts were characterised by a higher activity, the most active catalyst system was Cu/Zn/Al/Zr. The activity calculated for zirconium doped catalyst under operating conditions was approximately 30% higher that of TMC-3/1catalyst. The experimental data were used to identify the rate equations of two types - one purely empirical power rate equation and the other one - the Vanden Bussche & Froment kinetic model of methanol synthesis. The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst modified with zirconium has the highest application potential in methanol synthesis.
NUMERICAL STUDIES OF FLUID FLOW IN FLAT, NARROW-GAP CHANNELS SIMULATING PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Piepiórka-Stepuk Joanna , Jakubowski Marek 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work was to present the numerical simulation results determining the distributions of flow velocity and pressure in the individual channels of a plate heat exchanger. The simulations have been conducted by means of the Finite Volume Method (FVM) of numerical computation using the ANSYS CFX software. The computational model constituted spaces between 10 flat, straight flow type plates of the heat exchanger. The obtained results of numerical simulations confirm the presence of inhomogeneous flow conditions in the neighbouring channels between the plates. The computations enabled to point out the regions on the plates, in which insufficient flow can result in problems with their cleaning. The results of this work constitute the first part of a research leading to an assessment of cleaning conditions in plate heat exchangers.
ENTRY INTO THE PHYSICIANS’ MARKET: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE OUTPATIENT SECTOR IN AUSTRIA
Authors: Gächter Martin , Schwazer Peter , Theurl Engelbert 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In forming strategies to improve the macro performance of health care systems, effective interaction between the public and private service provisions is considered an important aspect of institutional design. Recent economic research has provided valuable insights into the significance of this interaction. We study the market entry decisions of private physicians in the outpatient health care sector inAustria by applying an entry=exit model at two different spatial levels of aggregation and using data from the time period 2002-2008. By estimating a Poisson panel data model with community=district fixed effects, we find a significantly negative effect of existing physician capacities in a specialty, both in the public and private sectors, on the entry of new private physicians. On the contrary, we find a significantly positive effect of existing private general practitioners on the entry of private specialists. These findings indicate that private physicians tend to (i) compensate for regional differences in public outpatient capacities, and (ii) establish cooperative networks where they collaborate with other private physicians in the local market.
ESTIMATION OF BANKING EFFICIENCY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: DYNAMIC DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Repková Iveta 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper estimates the efficiency of Czech commercial banks during the period 2001 to 2011. We applied Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to data from Czech commercial banks. The DEA measures the relative efficiency of a homogeneous set of decision-making units (DMUs) in their use of multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. Dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis is a new approach which estimates the performance of a group of DMUs during several periods of time. The results of Dynamic DEA models showed that the average efficiency computed under the assumption of constant returns to scale reached a value of 86.7% and that the average efficiency estimated under the assumption of variable returns to scale was 95.7%. Efficiency slightly increased in the period analysed. The result of scale efficiency found that the main source of inefficiency is the inaccurate size of the biggest banks and also the excess client deposits managed by Czech banks.
THE IMPACT OF THE EUROZONE’S CRISIS ON THE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND NATIONAL LAW OF MEMBER STATES – SOME CONSIDERATIONS
Authors: Šišková Nadežda 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on the Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in Economic and Monetary union (the so-called Fiscal Compact Treaty). It especially analyses the selected provisions of this international contract instrument and considers its impact on European primary law and the national law of Member States. In this respect, issues relating to reverse majority voting are examined, de facto the new kind of judicial control, the new obligations for Member States concerning the modification of their legal orders, which were not envisaged by the Foundation Treaties, etc. Other key problems addressed in the article are connected with the future “destiny” of the Fiscal Compact Treaty, including two different scenarios: a) the incorporation of its material scope into primary law or b) termination of the legal force of this act after the expiration of a certain period of time.
Current Sensorless Control of Front-end Bidirectional AC/DC Converter Based on Half-bridge Topology
Authors: Suzdalenko Alexander 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Electrical grid modernization concept promotes the use of DC subgrids in order to improve efficiency, minimizing energy conversion count in the source-to-load chain. The present paper discusses an average current sensorless control algorithm for proposed bidirectional AC/DC converter, which is based on a dual half-bridge topology with common neutral wire that is not commutating during converter operation. The proposed current sensorless control algorithm has been obtained analytically for rectification, grid-tied and stand-alone inverter modes. The average value of inductor current tracks the reference current signal with constant switching frequency. Two control functions for inductor’s discontinuous and continuous current modes have been defined for each of the operation modes, and a sensorless transition between DCM and CCM modes has been stated. The proposed sensorless control algorithm has been also adapted for use with LCL input filter. The results of simulation in the PSIM software approved the analytical model, keeping the average inductor current to follow the reference value in inductor discontinuous and continuous conduction modes. Experimental investigation of the proposed current control algorithm provided similar results confirming the discussed theory.
Self-Excitation System for Synchronous Generator
Authors: Zaleskis Genadijs , Rankis Ivars , Prieditis Marcis 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Self-excitation for synchronous generator is described in the paper. The system is based on a buck converter input filter capacitor discharge through excitation winding of the generator. The buck converter is connected to the stator outputs through an uncontrollable diode rectifier, but excitation winding is used as a load. Input filter capacitor of the converter provides initial current pulse which magnetizes excitation system and produces the generator voltage increase, for this reason the capacitor is charged before self-excitation process starts.
Results of the computer simulation and physical experiment are obtained and presented. These results show that the proposed self-excitation converter in conjunction with an input capacitor pre-charged from a low-power electronic generator actually magnetizes the generator excitation system therefore generator voltage and accordingly excitation current increases. Stabilization of generator output voltage occurs with a voltage surge, though its peak value slightly exceeds the reference one.
The future investigation of the proposed self-excitation system may include definition of mathematical equations which describe transients in the generator’s self-excitation mode and development of control methods for purpose of self-excitation process control without voltage peaks. The computer model also should be improved.
GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES IN Spirulina platensis BIOMASS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATION
Authors: Kalabegishvili Tamaz , Murusidze Ivane , Kirkesali Elena , Rcheulishvili Alexander , Ginturi Ereri , Kuchava Nana , Bagdavadze Nanuli , Gelagutashvili Eteri , Frontasyeva Marina V. , Zinicovscaia Inga , Pavlov Sergey S. , Dmitriev Andrey Y 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles by the blue-green algae Spirulina platensis for medical purposes was studied. A complex of optical and analytical methods was used in order to characterize produced nanoparticles. It was shown that the extracellular formation of metal nanoparticles of spherical shape with sizes in the range between 8 and 40 nm (the average size of 20-30 nm) takes place. The characteristics of gold and silver nanoparticles in the Spirulina biomass were compared. The role of biosorption processes in the synthesis of nanoparticles was estimated by using equilibrium dialysis. A positive influence of sonication on the process of microbial synthesis and yield of nanoparticles were demonstrated. The neutron activation analysis and the atomic absorption spectrometry were applied for characterizing the dynamics of gold and silver nanoparticles formation in the Spirulina platensis biomass. The neutron activation analysis was used for studying the elemental content of the Spirulina platensis biomass.