bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical evaluation of diagnostic methods used to identify dairy cows with acute post-partum metritis in the current literature
Authors: Sannmann Ines , Arlt Sebastian , Heuwieser Wolfgang 
Published: September 2012

The overall objective of this study was to investigate how relevant research publications address the validity of diagnostic methods for acute puerperal metritis (APM) in dairy cows, a disease commonly treated with antibiotic drugs. Therefore, a literature search was conducted in Journal of Dairy Science, Theriogenology, Animal Reproduction Science and The Veterinary Journal utilizing the ScienceDirect database. The search revealed 259 articles addressing APM. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 48 trials remained. It was determined whether the author gave a clear definition of APM, the time of diagnosis relative to calving, and the person who performed the diagnosis. Studies were checked for the presence of definitions of possible findings, thresholds, and test characteristics of the methods used. Overall 9 different diagnostic methods were employed. On average 2·5 ± 1·75 diagnostic methods were used in a study. References to support the use of the diagnostic methods were provided in 10 of 48 articles (20·8%). Vaginal discharge, transrectal palpation and rectal temperature were examined in 39, 22, and 21 of the studies, respectively. Thresholds for diagnostic tests and test characteristics were mentioned in 6 and 3 of the 48 articles, respectively. Based on this systematic review of 48 research papers the evidence supporting the use of the diagnostic methods to identify cows with APM has either been not reported or is weak. In conclusion, the reporting of the diagnostic methods to identify cows with APM needs to be improved and further high-quality research is necessary to improve diagnostic performance of the methods employed.
Cross-over study of topical anaesthesia with tetracaine solution for transoral rigid laryngoscopy
Authors: Zhu Z-H , Zheng J , Ying L-Y , Zhu B-W , Qian J , Ma Z-X 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground:Transoral rigid laryngoscopy with videostroboscopy is the most practical method to visualise the vocal folds. The optimal topical anaesthesia regimen for transoral rigid laryngoscopy has not yet been established.Objective:To compare patient comfort and compliance with various topical anaesthetics for transoral rigid laryngoscopy.Methods:Each of 10 patients received a random topical administration of either 2 per cent lidocaine gel, 1 per cent tetracaine gel or 1 per cent tetracaine solution, 10 minutes before undergoing rigid laryngoscopy with videostroboscopy. During follow-up laryngoscopies, the agent with the lowest mean visual analogue scale score for discomfort was then used to study the timing of topical anaesthetic application: the agent was given to the patient 5, 10 or 15 minutes before laryngoscopy (with the timing randomly selected).Results:Compared with lidocaine gel or tetracaine gel, laryngoscopy with topical tetracaine solution was more comfortable. There was a statistically significant difference in discomfort score between the 5 and 10 minute application groups, but not between the 10 and 15 minute groups.Conclusion:Tetracaine solution, applied topically 10 minutes before transoral rigid laryngoscopy, significantly decreases patient discomfort.
‘The City Is Ours’: The Temporal Construction of Dominance among Poor Young Men on the Street in a Brazilian Elite Neighbourhood
Authors: URSIN MARIT 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article explores how young Brazilian men from poorer areas transcend socio-geographical boundaries by inhabiting the streets of an elite neighbourhood. Drawing on several periods of qualitative fieldwork, the article demonstrates the complex and dynamic character of the relationship between the young men and the formal residents and traders. It reveals temporal patterns of day and night, where the young men's social positions shift from subordinate diurnal (as serving workers) to dominant nocturnal positions (as potential attackers). Analysing the interactional patterns between the two groups regarding sentiments of trust and fear, the multifaceted and sometimes incoherent relations reveal social inclusion and exclusion as well as street protection and crime. The article also dismantles some common dichotomies within research on crime and fear of crime, emphasising that these young men are both victims and offenders, fearful and fearsome.
Japan's post-war Ainu policy. Why the Japanese Government has not recognised Ainu indigenous rights?
Authors: Maruyama Hiroshi 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIn 1946, the Ainu Association of Hokkaido was established by the Ainu to reclaim their lands. The 1970s and 80s saw that the association successfully put pressure on the Hokkaido Prefectural Government to take social welfare measures for the improvement of their life and make a new law counter to the Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act. In 1997 the Japanese Government enacted the so-called New Ainu Law. However, it is totally different from the original draft made by the Ainu. The law does not designate the Ainu as indigenous people. Further, it is outstripped by the decision of Nibutani Dam Case that, for the first time in Japanese history, recognised Ainu right to culture and indigenousness in Japanese territory. In 2008 the Japanese Government finally recognised the Ainu as indigenous people in the wake of the UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. However, the Ainu do not yet have any indigenous rights. This note chronologically outlines Japan's post-war Ainu policy, and moreover explores who and what has influenced Ainu policy and the law.
EUROPEAN DRUG REIMBURSEMENT SYSTEMS' LEGITIMACY: FIVE-COUNTRY COMPARISON AND POLICY TOOL
Authors: Cleemput Irina , Franken Margreet , Koopmanschap Marc , le Polain Maïté 
Published: September 2012

Objectives. In a democratic system, decision makers are accountable for the reasonableness of their decisions. This presumes (i) transparency, (ii) relevance of the decision criteria, (iii) revisability of decisions, and (iv) enforcement/regulation. We aim to (i) evaluate the extent to which drug reimbursement decision-making processes in different contexts meet these conditions and (ii) develop, starting from these findings, a framework for improving the transparency and the relevance of used decision criteria.Methods. We evaluated the Austrian, Belgian, French, Dutch, and Swedish drug reimbursement systems. Based on this evaluation, we developed a framework for improving the transparency of drug reimbursement decision-making processes. It makes explicit the questions often addressed implicitly during decision-making processes as well as criteria for answering each question.Results. Transparency of appraisal processes varies across systems. Justification with explicit criteria is generally limited. Although relevant criteria are similar across systems, their operationalization varies and their role in the appraisal process is not always clear. All systems seem to implicitly address five key questions, relating to (i) the medical, therapeutic, and societal need for treatment; (ii) preparedness to pay for treating the condition as a principle and (iii) for using the treatment under consideration; (iv) preparedness to pay more compared with alternatives; and (v) actual willingness to pay from public resources.Conclusions. Transparency of the appraisal process can be improved by using an explicit decision framework. Systematic use of such a framework enhances consistency across decisions, allows justification of value judgments, and thus enhances legitimacy of societal decision making.
Variabilité aspectuelle et influence analogique dans le choix de l'auxiliaire avec les verbes intransitifs de changement d'état monter et descendre
Authors: MANENTE MARA 
Published: September 2012

RÉSUMÉCet article défend l'hypothèse qu'il existe une corrélation entre l'occurrence d'avoiravec les verbes scalaires de changement d'étatmonteretdescendreet la possibilité de remplacer ces verbes avec leurs analoguesaugmenteretbaisserdans leurs emplois intransitifs. Autrement dit, l'occurrence d'avoiravec ces verbes est analysée comme le résultat d'un effet d'analogie. En outre, l'analyse des corrélations entre la variation dans le choix de l'auxiliaire et l'information aspectuelle donnée par le contexte montre qu'avec ces verbes il n'est pas possible d'établir des inacceptabilités aspectuelles tranchées selon le type d'auxiliaire sélectionné car aussi bien l'auxiliaireêtreque l'auxiliaireavoirsont compatibles avec les deux lectures télique et atélique.
THEMIS observations of electromagnetic ion cyclotron wave occurrence: Dependence on AE, SYMH, and solar wind dynamic pressure
Authors: Usanova M. E. , Mann I. R. , Bortnik J. , Shao L. , Angelopoulos V. 
Published: September 2012

Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves are transverse plasma waves generated by anisotropic proton distributions with Tperp > Tpara. They are believed to play an important role in the dynamics of the ring current and potentially, of the radiation belts. Therefore it is important to know their localization in the magnetosphere and the magnetospheric and solar wind conditions which lead to their generation. Our earlier observations from three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes demonstrated that strong magnetospheric compressions associated with high solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) may drive EMIC waves in the inner dayside magnetosphere, just inside the plasmapause. Previously, magnetospheric compressions were found to generate EMIC waves mainly close to the magnetopause. In this work we use an automated detection algorithm of EMIC Pc1 waves observed by THEMIS between May 2007 to December 2011 and present the occurrence rate of those waves as a function of L‐shell, magnetic local time (MLT), Pdyn, AE, and SYMH. Consistent with earlier studies we find that the dayside (sunward of the terminator) outer magnetosphere is a preferential location for EMIC activity, with the occurrence rate in this region being strongly controlled by solar wind dynamic pressure. High EMIC occurrence, preferentially at 12–15 MLT, is also associated with high AE. Our analysis of 26 magnetic storms with Dst < −50 nT showed that the storm‐time EMIC occurrence rate in the inner magnetosphere remains low (<10%). This brings into question the importance of EMIC waves in influencing energetic particle dynamics in the inner magnetosphere during disturbed geomagnetic conditions.
Precipitation driving of droplet concentration variability in marine low clouds
Authors: Wood Robert , Leon David , Lebsock Matthew , Snider Jefferson , Clarke Antony D. 
Published: September 2012

The concentration Nd of cloud droplets in marine low clouds is a primary determinant of their ability to reflect sunlight and modulates their ability to precipitate. Previous studies have focused upon aerosol source variability as the key driver of variability in Nd. Here, we use a highly simplified aerosol budget model to examine the impact of precipitation on Nd. This model considers: precipitation (coalescence) scavenging, constrained using new satellite measurements of light precipitation; entrainment of aerosol from above cloud combined with constant aerosol concentration based on recent field observations of aerosol particles in the free troposphere; and sea‐surface aerosol production estimated using a wind speed dependent source function. Despite the highly simplified nature of this model, it skillfully predicts the geographical variability ofNd in regions of extensive marine low clouds. Inclusion of precipitation results in reduction in Nd by factors of 2–3 over the remote oceans. Within 500 km of coastlines the reduction in Nd due to precipitation is weak but in these regions the model is not able to accurately predict Ndbecause of strong pollution sources. In general, neither free‐tropospheric nor surface CCN sources alone are sufficient to maintainNd against precipitation losses. The results demonstrate that even the light precipitation rates typical of marine stratocumulus profoundly impact the radiative properties of marine low clouds.
Large impact basins on Mercury: Global distribution, characteristics, and modification history from MESSENGER orbital data
Authors: Fassett Caleb I. , Head James W. , Baker David M. H. , Zuber Maria T. , Smith David E. , Neumann Gregory A. , Solomon Sean C. , Klimczak Christian , Strom Robert G. , Chapman Clark R. , Prockter Louise M. , Phillips Roger J. , Oberst Jürgen , Preusker Frank 
Published: September 2012

The formation of large impact basins (diameter D ≥ 300 km) was an important process in the early geological evolution of Mercury and influenced the planet's topography, stratigraphy, and crustal structure. We catalog and characterize this basin population on Mercury from global observations by the MESSENGER spacecraft, and we use the new data to evaluate basins suggested on the basis of the Mariner 10 flybys. Forty‐six certain or probable impact basins are recognized; a few additional basins that may have been degraded to the point of ambiguity are plausible on the basis of new data but are classified as uncertain. The spatial density of large basins (D ≥ 500 km) on Mercury is lower than that on the Moon. Morphological characteristics of basins on Mercury suggest that on average they are more degraded than lunar basins. These observations are consistent with more efficient modification, degradation, and obliteration of the largest basins on Mercury than on the Moon. This distinction may be a result of differences in the basin formation process (producing fewer rings), relaxation of topography after basin formation (subduing relief), or rates of volcanism (burying basin rings and interiors) during the period of heavy bombardment on Mercury from those on the Moon.
Endogenous and induced angiogenic characteristics of human chorion‐derived stem cells
Authors: Fariha Mohd‐Manzor Nur , Chua Kien‐Hui , Tan Geok‐Chin , Lim Yun‐Hsuen , Hayati Abdul‐Rahman 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCell‐based therapy using stem cells has emerged as one of the pro‐angiogenic methods to enhance blood vessel growth and sprouting in ischaemic conditions. This study investigated the endogenous and induced angiogenic characteristics of hCDSC (human chorion‐derived stem cell) using QPCR (quantitative PCR) method, immunocytochemistry and fibrin‐matrigel migration assay. The results showed that cultured hCDSC endogenously expressed angiogenic–endogenic‐associated genes (VEGF, bFGF, PGF, HGF, Ang‐1, PECAM‐1, eNOS, Ve‐cad, CD34, VEGFR‐2 and vWF), with significant increase in mRNA levels of PGF, HGF, Ang‐1, eNOS, VEGFR‐2 and vWF following induction by bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). These enhanced angiogenic properties suggest that induced hCDSC provides a stronger angiogenic effect for the treatment of ischaemia. After angiogenic induction, hCDSC showed no reduction in the expression of the stemness genes, but had significantly higher levels of mRNA of Oct‐4, Nanog (3), FZD9, ABCG‐2 and BST‐1. The induced cells were positive for PECAM‐1 (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) and vWF (von Willebrand factor) with immunocytochemistry staining. hCDSC also showed endothelial migration behaviour when cultured in fibrin‐matrigel construct and were capable of forming vessels in vivo after implanting into nude mice. These data suggest that hCDSC could be the cells of choice in the cell‐based therapy for pro‐angiogenic purpose.
Evidence of Female Heterogamety in Largemouth Bass, Based on Sex Ratio of Gynogenetic Progeny
Authors: Glennon Robert P , Gomelsky Boris , Schneider Kyle J , Kelly Anita M , Haukenes Alf 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Meiotic gynogenetic progeny in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides have been obtained by inseminating largemouth bass eggs with UV-irradiated sperm from white bass Morone chrysops or striped bass Morone saxatilis and suppressing the second meiotic division by hydrostatic pressure. The sex composition of gynogenetic progeny was determined by dissection or ultrasound investigation of 1-year-old fish. Among the 21 fish analyzed, 7 fish (33.3%) were male and 14 fish (66.7%) were female. The presence of males in meiotic gynogenetic progeny suggests the existence of female heterogamety (WZ females, ZZ males) in largemouth bass.
Linear gyrokinetic analysis of a DIII-D H-mode pedestal near the ideal ballooning threshold
Authors: Wang E. , Xu X. , Candy J. , Groebner R.J. , Snyder P.B. , Chen Y. , Parker S.E. , Wan W. , Lu Gaimin , Dong J.Q. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Recent advances in GYRO allow simulations to map out the linear stability of many eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the gyrokinetic equation (as opposed to only the most unstable) at low computational cost. In this work, GYRO's new linear capabilities are applied to a pressure scan about the pedestal region of DIII-D shot 131997. MHD calculations in the infinite-n limit of the ideal ballooning mode, used in the very successful EPED model to predict pedestal height and width, demonstrate clear onset of the instability at 70% of the experimental pressure. Presented GYRO results first demonstrate that the ion temperature gradient driven mode and microtearing mode are dominant at the top of the pedestal, while an unnamed group of drift waves are found to be most unstable in the peak gradient region of the pedestal. The peak gradient modes have very extended ballooning structure, peak near the inboard midplane and have drift frequencies at or near the electron diamagnetic drift direction, even for very low wavenumbers (k

θ

ρ
s ∼ 0.2). Connection is made to the MHD calculations by demonstrating the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) is present but subdominant in the DIII-D pedestal, and the pressure required for onset of the KBM in the gyrokinetic limit is in near agreement with MHD predictions. Finally, comparisons and analysis of GYRO with two independent gyrokinetic codes, GEM (initial value) and HD7 (1D eigenvalue), are presented.
Does Spironolactone Have a Dose‐Dependent Effect on Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Function After an Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Vatankulu Mehmet Akif , Bacaksiz Ahmet , Sonmez Osman , Alihanoglu Yusuf , Koc Fatih , Demir Kenan , Gul Enes Elvin , Turfan Murat , Tasal Abdurrahman , Kayrak Mehmet , Yazici Mehmet , Ozdemir Kurtulus 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of spironolactone on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in patients with preserved LV function following acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and ResultsSuccessfully revascularized patients (n = 186) with acute ST elevation MI (STEMI) were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into three groups, each of which was administered a different dose of spironolactone (12.5, 25 mg, or none). Echocardiography was performed within the first 3 days and at 6 months after MI. Echocardiography control was performed on 160 patients at a 6‐month follow‐up. The median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased significantly in all groups, but no significant difference was observed between groups (P = 0.13). At the end of the sixth month, the myocardial performance index (MPI) had improved in each of the three groups, but no significant difference was found between groups (F = 2.00, P = 0.15). The mean LV peak systolic velocities (Sm) increased only in the control group during the follow‐up period, but there is no significant difference between groups (F = 1.79, P = 0.18). The left ventricular end‐systolic volume index (LVESVI) and the left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) did not change significantly compared with the basal values between groups (F = 0.05, P = 0.81 and F = 1.03, P = 0.31, respectively).ConclusionIn conclusion, spironolactone dosages of up to 25 mg do not augment optimal medical treatment for LV remodeling in patients with preserved cardiac functions after AMI.
Scalp hair loss after transsphenoidal adenomectomy in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Yamada Shozo , Fukuhara Noriaki , Nishioka Hiroshi , Yamaguchi‐Okada Mitsuo , Takeshita Akira , Takeuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2012

SummaryObjectiveScalp hair loss is often encountered in clinical practice in Japan after successful surgery for acromegaly. However, this intriguing issue has not been addressed in the literature. The aim of this study was to examine scalp hair loss after surgery for acromegaly.MethodsPostoperative scalp hair loss was surveyed using a mail‐back questionnaire given to 511 patients undergoing primary surgery for acromegaly, 484 of whom constitute the patient pool in this study.ResultsOf the 484 patients, 263 (54%) patients noticed varying degrees of hair loss between 3 and 6 months after surgery [the degree of alopecia was minimal in 50 patients (10%), moderate in 117 patients (24%), and severe in 96 patients (20%)], although postoperative hair loss was noticed only in six (3·6%) of 167 patients with nonfunctioning adenomas. Postoperative hair loss was significantly more common in female patients, cured patients and patients with severe postoperative growth hormone deficiency. Among those 263 patients, full recovery was reported by 85 patients (32%), incomplete recovery by 88 patients (34%), and hardly any recovery by 90 patients (34%). A lack of hair recovery was significantly more common in male patients or in patients with severe hair loss after surgery.ConclusionsThis, the first large‐scale, single‐centre, clinical study to shed light on the issue of postoperative hair loss after surgery for acromegaly, shows that it is important to prospectively inform patients that varying degrees of hair loss occur in a large number of acromegalic patients, especially after successful surgery.
E‐selectin Deficiency Attenuates Brain Ischemia in Mice
Authors: Ma Xiu‐Juan , Cheng Jin‐Wei , Zhang Jing , Liu Ai‐Jun , Liu Wei , Guo Wei , Shen Fu‐Ming , Lu Guo‐Cai 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAimsTo determine whether E‐selectin deficiency can attenuate brain ischemia in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischemia.MethodsE‐selectin was determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR‐SPs). E‐selectin knockout (Es−/−) mice and wild‐type control (WT) mice underwent permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Behavioral analyses were performed followed by the measurement of infarct areas. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) protein was determined by Western blot. IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α were detected by ELISA. In situ detection of apoptotic cells was performed by TUNEL staining.ResultsThe brain and serum E‐selectin levels were higher in SHR‐SPs than in SHRs (P < 0.05) after salt intake. E‐selectin deficiency improved neurological function and reduced infarct area in cerebral ischemic mice. MPO and IL‐1β were lower in Es−/− mice than in WT mice. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells in Es−/− mice was significantly less than in WT mice after MCAO.ConclusionsE‐selectin deficiency presents protective effect on cerebral ischemia. This protective effect is likely achieved by the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.