bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic core/shell Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles for studies of quinolones binding to protein by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Jin Rui , Song Daqian , Xiong Huixia , Ai Lisha , Ma Pinyi , Sun Ying 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMagnetic core/shell Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles were used in the determination of drug binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA) using a fluorescence spectroscopic method. The binding constants and number of binding sites for protein with drugs were calculated using the Scatchard equation. Because of their superparamagnetic and biocompatible characteristics, magnetic core/shell Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles served as carrier proteins for fixing proteins. After binding of the protein to a drug, the magnetic core/shell Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles–protein–drug complex was separated from the free drug using an applied magnetic field. The free drug concentration was obtained directly by fluorescence spectrometry and the proteins did not influence the drug determination. So, the achieved number of binding sites should be reliable. The binding constant and site number for ciprofloxacin (CPFX) binding to BSA were 2.055 × 105 L/mol and 31.7, and the corresponding values for norfloxacin (NOR) binding to BSA were 1.383 × 105 L/mol and 38.8. Based on the achieved results, a suitable method was proposed for the determination of binding constants and the site number for molecular interactions. The method was especially suitable for studies on the interactions of serum albumin with the active ingredients of Chinese medicine. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelle für den Wandel der Natur
Authors: Filz Katharina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDer Klimawandel beeinflusst Ökosysteme auf allen Ebenen. Veränderungen in der Phänologie und der Verbreitung einzelner Arten sowie im Zusammenleben von Artengemeinschaften stellen bereits Reaktionen auf steigende Temperaturen dar. Nischenmodelle finden heute vielfach in der angewandten Makroökologie Verwendung. Sie ermöglichen es, die Klimanische einer Art anhand von Umweltinformationen innerhalb ihrer realisierten Verbreitung zu quantifizieren und über Raum und Zeit zu projizieren. In der Klimawandelfolgenforschung werden Nischenmodelle genutzt, um Reaktionen einzelner Arten, wie Arealexpansionen oder ‐retraktionen, sowie Veränderungen in der Struktur und Funktion von Artengemeinschaften zu verfolgen. Nischenmodelle stellen darüber hinaus im Naturschutz ein wichtiges Planungsinstrument bei der Auswahl und Evaluation geeigneter Schutzgebietsflächen dar. Sie sind zudem in der Invasionsbiologie ein wesentlicher Bestandteil von Risikoanalysen zur Abschätzung des Ausbreitungspotenzials gebietsfremder Arten.
Evaluation of the influence of salt processing on pharmacokinetics of psoralen and isopsoralen in Psoralea corylifolia L.
Authors: Gao Qian qian , Yan Cui ping , Xu Zi sheng , Wu Yu , Weng Ze bin , Zhao Gen hua , Zhang Liu jie , He Jia yu , Cai Bao chang , Chen Zhi peng , Li Wei dong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA sensitive, specific and rapid ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐MS/MS) method has been developed to investigate pharmacokinetic properties of psoralen and isopsoralen, two compounds isolated from raw/salt‐processed fruit of Psoralea corylifolia L. UHPLC‐MS/MS was used with positive ion electrospray. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and a gradient elution program at flow rate of 0.3 mL/min was applied. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for the quantification of psoralen, isopsoralen ([M + H]+ m/z 187.0 → m/z 131.0) and scoparone (m/z 207.0 → m/z 151.1). Scoparone served as an internal standard. The method was fully validated for its sensitivity, selectivity, stability, matrix effect and extraction recovery. The obtained results showed that salt‐processed Buguzhi significantly promoted the absorption of psoralen and isopsoralen, and increased the bioavailability of these compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of nocturnal leg cramps by blockade of the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve after lumbar spine surgery
Authors: Imura Takayuki , Inoue Gen , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Miyagi Masayuki , Saito Wataru , Uchida Kentaro , Namba Takanori , Shirasawa Eiki , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionPatients with lumbar spine disease sometimes complain of nocturnal leg cramps. We sought to investigate the effectiveness of blocking the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve as treatment for nocturnal leg cramps after spinal surgery for lumbar spine disease.MethodsWe evaluated 66 postoperative patients in this prospective comparative study of a group of patients with a nerve block (n = 41) and a control group without (n = 25). In the block group, the medial branch of the deep peroneal nerve was blocked at the distal two‐thirds of the interspace between the first and second metatarsals using 5.0 mL of 1.0% lidocaine.ResultsTwo weeks after the block, the frequency of nocturnal leg cramps was reduced to less than a quarter of pretreatment baseline frequency in 61.0% of patients (n = 25) and less than half in 80.5% (n = 33). In the control group, the frequency of the leg cramps was reduced from baseline in 32.0% of patients (n = 8), and was unchanged or increased in 68.0% (n = 17) at 2 weeks. Cramp frequency was reduced to less than a quarter or less than half of baseline frequency in a significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) larger percentage of patients in the block group. The severity of each cramp was less in about two‐thirds of patients (63.4%; n = 26) in the block group and was unchanged in one‐third (31.7%; n = 13).ConclusionsBlocking the medial branch of the peroneal nerve can be an effective, long‐lasting, and simple treatment with low risk for nocturnal cramps sustained after lumbar spine surgery.
Substantial Receptor‐induced Structural Rearrangement of Rotavirus VP8*: Potential Implications for Cross‐Species Infection
Authors: Yu Xing , Mishra Rahul , Holloway Gavan , von Itzstein Mark , Coulson Barbara S. , Blanchard Helen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRotavirus–cell binding is the essential first step in rotavirus infection. This binding is a major determinant of rotavirus tropism, as host cell invasion is necessary to initiate infection. Initial rotavirus–cell interactions are mediated by carbohydrate‐recognizing domain VP8* of the rotavirus capsid spike protein VP4. Here, we report the first observation of significant structural rearrangement of VP8* from human and animal rotavirus strains upon glycan receptor binding. The structural adaptability of rotavirus VP8* delivers important insights into how human and animal rotaviruses utilize the wider range of cellular glycans identified as VP8* binding partners. Furthermore, our studies on rotaviruses with atypical genetic makeup provide information expected to be critical for understanding the mechanisms of animal rotavirus gene emergence in humans and support implementation of epidemiologic surveillance of animal reservoirs as well as future vaccination schemes.
Mechanistic Investigation on Oxygen Transfer with the Manganese‐Salen Complex
Authors: Bogaerts Thomas , Wouters Sebastian , Van Der Voort Pascal , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe best‐known application of salen complexes is the use of a chiral ligand loaded with manganese to form the Jacobsen complex. This organometallic catalyst is used in the epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins and can achieve very high selectivities. Although this application was proposed many years ago, the mechanism of oxygen transfer remains a question until now. In this paper, the epoxidation mechanism is investigated by an ab initio kinetic modeling study. First of all a proper DFT functional is selected that yields the correct ordering of the various spin states. Our results show that the epoxidation proceeds via a radical intermediate. If we start from the radical intermediate, these results can explain the experiments with radical probes. The subtle influences in the transition state using the full Jacobsen catalyst explain the product distribution observed experimentally.
Chirality Transfer in Gold(I)‐Catalysed Direct Allylic Etherifications of Unactivated Alcohols: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Barker Graeme , Johnson David G. , Young Paul C. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Lee Ai‐Lan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGold(I)‐catalysed direct allylic etherifications have been successfully carried out with chirality transfer to yield enantioenriched, γ‐substituted secondary allylic ethers. Our investigations include a full substrate‐scope screen to ascertain substituent effects on the regioselectivity, stereoselectivity and efficiency of chirality transfer, as well as control experiments to elucidate the mechanistic subtleties of the chirality‐transfer process. Crucially, addition of molecular sieves was found to be necessary to ensure efficient and general chirality transfer. Computational studies suggest that the efficiency of chirality transfer is linked to the aggregation of the alcohol nucleophile around the reactive π‐bound Au–allylic ether complex. With a single alcohol nucleophile, a high degree of chirality transfer is predicted. However, if three alcohols are present, alternative proton transfer chain mechanisms that erode the efficiency of chirality transfer become competitive.
High CO2/CH4 Selectivity of a Flexible Copper(II) Porous Coordination Polymer under Humid Conditions
Authors: Noro Shin‐ichiro , Matsuda Ryotaro , Hijikata Yuh , Inubushi Yasutaka , Takeda Sadamu , Kitagawa Susumu , Takahashi Yukiko , Yoshitake Masashi , Kubo Kazuya , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe development of highly efficient CO2 separation materials is very important for environmental preservation and energy conservation. Crystalline porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal–organic frameworks are one of a number of promising types of porous materials for CO2 separation because of their controllable pore size, shape and surface function. Simultaneously, the unique structural flexibility of PCPs affords both high CO2 selectivity and inexpensive regeneration. However, this family of materials suffers from the coexistence of water that destroys the framework of PCPs and its adsorption in the pores is greater than that of CO2, which results in a deterioration in CO2‐separation performance. Herein, a flexible and hydrophobic CuII PCP that is stable towards water has been designed and synthesised. This PCP has extremely high adsorption selectivity for CO2 over CH4, derived from its structural flexibility. Furthermore, the obtained water‐tolerant flexible PCP, under CO2/CH4 mixed‐gas conditions, exhibits highly selective CO2 adsorption over CH4, even in the presence of water.
An in vitro human skin test for assessing sensitization potential
Authors: Ahmed S. S. , Wang X. N. , Fielding M. , Kerry A. , Dickinson I. , Munuswamy R. , Kimber I. , Dickinson A. M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSensitization to chemicals resulting in an allergy is an important health issue. The current gold‐standard method for identification and characterization of skin‐sensitizing chemicals was the mouse local lymph node assay (LLNA). However, for a number of reasons there has been an increasing imperative to develop alternative approaches to hazard identification that do not require the use of animals. Here we describe a human in‐vitro skin explant test for identification of sensitization hazards and the assessment of relative skin sensitizing potency. This method measures histological damage in human skin as a readout of the immune response induced by the test material. Using this approach we have measured responses to 44 chemicals including skin sensitizers, pre/pro‐haptens, respiratory sensitizers, non‐sensitizing chemicals (including skin‐irritants) and previously misclassified compounds. Based on comparisons with the LLNA, the skin explant test gave 95% specificity, 95% sensitivity, 95% concordance with a correlation coefficient of 0.9. The same specificity and sensitivity were achieved for comparison of results with published human sensitization data with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. The test also successfully identified nickel sulphate as a human skin sensitizer, which was misclassified as negative in the LLNA. In addition, sensitizers and non‐sensitizers identified as positive or negative by the skin explant test have induced high/low T cell proliferation and IFNγ production, respectively. Collectively, the data suggests the human in‐vitro skin explant test could provide the basis for a novel approach for characterization of the sensitizing activity as a first step in the risk assessment process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiotherapy associated with improved survival for high‐grade sarcoma of the extremity
Authors: Kachare Swapnil D. , Brinkley Jason , Vohra Nasreen A. , Zervos Emmanuel E. , Wong Jan H. , Fitzgerald Timothy L. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThe impact of radiotherapy on local control in limb‐preserving surgery for high‐risk sarcoma has been well studied. However, the impact of the use and timing of radiation therapy on survival is unclear.MethodsFrom 1988 to 2010, patients with Stage III extremity sarcoma were identified within the SEER registry and cohorts were created using propensity score matching between irradiated and non‐irradiated groups.ResultsA total of 2,606 patients were identified, with a median age of 59 years a majority were white (81%), male (54%), received radiotherapy (78%), and had lower extremity (80%) sarcomas. The most common subtype was fibrohistiocytic (29.8%). Patients treated with radiotherapy were younger (57.2 vs. 60.3 years) and differed in subtype compared to those untreated. The matched cohorts were better balanced for all factors. Radiation therapy was associated with a 5% 5‐year survival advantage on univariate analysis for both the unmatched (P = 0.002) and matched cohorts (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis radiotherapy was associated with a 20% and 30% survival advantage for the matched and unmatched cohorts, respectively (P ≤ 0.02). The timing of radiotherapy did not affect survival.ConclusionsRadiotherapy, regardless of the timing, is associated with improved survival in high‐risk sarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:338–343. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factor structure and psychometric properties of a French and German shortened version of the Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Activation System scales
Authors: Studer Joseph , Baggio Stéphanie , Mohler‐Kuo Meichun , Daeppen Jean‐Bernard , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Activation System scales (BIS/BAS scales) constitute one of the most prominent questionnaires to assess individual differences in sensitivity to punishment and reward. However, some studies questioned its validity, especially that of the French and German translations. The aim of the present study was to re‐evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the BIS/BAS scales in a large sample of French‐ and German‐speaking young Swiss men (N = 5872). Results showed that factor structures previously found in the literature did not meet the standards of fit. Nine items had to be removed to achieve adequate fit statistics in confirmatory factor analysis, yielding a shortened version with four factors: one BIS factor comprising five items and three BAS factors, namely Reward Reactivity, Drive and Fun Seeking, each comprising two items. Convergent validity and group invariance analyses suggest that the shortened BIS/BAS scales constitute a valid and reliable instrument. Researchers interested in assessing individual differences in BIS and BAS reactivity in French‐ and German‐speaking individuals should avoid using the BIS/BAS scales as originally specified. The shortened version may be a sound alternative at least in samples of young adults. Its shorter format may be particularly suited for surveys with constraints on questionnaire length. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postglacial Landscape Changes and Cryogenic Processes in the Picos de Europa (Northern Spain) Reconstructed from Geomorphological Mapping and Microstructures on Quartz Grains
Authors: Nieuwendam Alexandre , Ruiz‐Fernández Jesús , Oliva Marc , Lopes Vera , Cruces Anabela , da Conceição Freitas Maria 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA 5.4 m long sediment core was collected from Belbín, a karstic depression dammed by a moraine in a mid‐altitude environment in the Western Massif of the Picos de Europa of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. 14C AMS dating of the basal sediments in the core suggests that the maximum glacier advance during the last glacial cycle preceded the global Last Glacial Maximum and occurred prior to 37.2 ka cal BP. Four environmental stages are reconstructed from analysis of the sediment core and in particular the surface microstructures on quartz sand grains: (1) 37.2–29.4 ka was characterised by intense periglacial activity with deposition of slope deposits; (2) 29.4–22.6 ka saw the gradual infilling of the depression with sediment; (3) 22.6–8.1 ka was associated with a palaeolake; and (4) since 8.1 ka, terrestrialisation of the palaeolake commenced, and human impact related to fire activity started around 4.9 ka. Microstructures on the surface of quartz grains suggest different intensity patterns of frost weathering processes in response to Late Quaternary climate oscillations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic anticancer efficacy of MEK inhibition and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibition in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Park Hongzoo , Kim Yunlim , Sul Jee‐Won , Jeong In Gab , Yi Hye‐Jin , Ahn Jae Beom , Kang Jong Soon , Yun Jieun , Hwang Jung Jin , Kim Choung‐Soo 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundPTEN deletion, mutation or reduced expression occurs in 63% of metastatic prostate tumors, resulting in the activation of PI3K and its downstream targets, AKT and mTOR. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway results in upregulation of the MAPK pathway. Therefore, co‐administration of inhibitors of both pathways, GSK2126458 as a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, and AZD6244 as a MEK inhibitor, is able to overcome resistance and increase anti‐tumor efficacy.MethodsPC3, DU145, LNCaP, and CRPC patient‐derived cells were used to assess apoptosis upon exposure to the drug combination. The human DU145 and PC3 tumor xenograft mouse model was employed to evaluate in vivo efficacy. CellTiter Glo® luminescent assay, annexin V‐FITC apoptosis detection, cell cycle analysis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted. Statistical evaluation of the results was performed by one‐way ANOVA.ResultsThe combination of GSK2126458 and AZD6244 inhibited the growth of DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. GSK2126458 decreased phospho‐AKT while increasing phospho‐ERK and AZD6244 decreased phospho‐ERK efficiently while increasing phospho‐AKT. The combination of GSK2126458 and AZD6244 decreased both phospho‐AKT and phospho‐ERK effectively in vitro and in vivo. The combination treatment synergistically induced annexin V‐positive cells, sub‐G1 cells, and cleavage of caspase‐9, caspase‐3 and poly‐ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) in DU145 cells in vitro. Moreover, the combination decreased the level of Ki‐67, and increased TUNEL‐positive cells and cleaved caspase‐3 in DU145 xenograft tumors implanted in mice. In addition, this combination treatment inhibited both the PI3K and MEK pathway primary in cultures from CRPC patients harboring PTEN loss, leading to synergistic anti‐tumor effect.ConclusionsThe combination of GSK2126458 and AZD6244 blocks both the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways simultaneously and is an effective strategy for the treatment of CRPCs. Prostate 75:1747–1759, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by the autotrophic CO-oxidizing bacterium Seliberia carboxydohydrogena Z-1062
Authors: Volova Tatiana , Zhila Natalia , Shishatskaya Ekaterina 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The present study addresses growth parameters and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the aerobic CO-oxidizing carboxydobacterium Seliberia carboxydohydrogena Z-1062. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) yields were investigated in experiments with limiting concentrations of mineral nutrients (nitrogen or sulfur or nitrogen and sulfur) in batch culture of S. carboxydohydrogena Z-1062 grown on gas mixtures consisting of CO2, O2, H2, and CO. CO concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 % v/v did not affect polymer synthesis, whose content after 56-h cultivation under limiting concentrations of nitrogen and sulfur was 52.6–62.8 % of biomass weight at a productivity of 0.13–0.22 g/L h. The inhibitory effect of CO on cell concentration was revealed at CO concentration of 30 % v/v. That also caused a decrease in substrate (H2 and O2) use efficiency. Thus, this carboxydobacterium can be regarded as a potential producer of polyhydroxyalkanoates from industrial hydrogenous sources.
How Does the State Structure Secularization?
Authors: Mayrl Damon 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhy do similar modern nations accord religion different roles in their public institutions? This paper engages this question by examining trends in religious instruction in the public schools of the United States and Australia from 1850 to 1950. I find that American education secularized farther and faster than Australian education because of its decentralized system of educational administration. In the United States, decentralized educational administration facilitated challenges to religious exercises by religious minorities, fostered professional development among educators, and allowed novel educational practices oriented in new educational theories rather than religion to spread. In Australia, by contrast, centralized state control over education insulated majoritarian religious exercises from minority criticism, suppressed professional development, and helped maintain traditional educational practices that sustained religious instruction. The state thus has both mediating and constitutive effects on secularization, a finding which opens new directions for research into the dynamics of secularization.
INFORMAL PROOF, FORMAL PROOF, FORMALISM
Authors: WEIR ALAN 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIncreases in the use of automated theorem-provers have renewed focus on the relationship between the informal proofs normally found in mathematical research and fully formalised derivations. Whereas some claim that any correct proof will be underwritten by a fully formal proof, sceptics demur. In this paper I look at the relevance of these issues for formalism, construed as an anti-platonistic metaphysical doctrine. I argue that there are strong reasons to doubt that all proofs are fully formalisable, if formal proofs are required to be finitary, but that, on a proper view of the way in which formal proofs idealise actual practice, this restriction is unjustified and formalism is not threatened.