bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy and risk of malignancy for diagnostic categories in urine cytology at a large tertiary institution
Authors: Chau Karen , Rosen Lisa , Coutsouvelis Constantinos , Fenelus Maly , Brenkert Ryan , Klein Melissa , Stone Gary , Raab Stephen , Aziz Mohamed , Cocker Rubina 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDAt a high‐volume center, it became necessary to provide benchmarks for the accuracy and risk of malignancy per urine cytology diagnostic category. The additive sensitivity for the determination of the residual risk of disease was calculated with the goal of determining the performance of cytology and optimal triage, including the number of urine samples, before the detection of malignancy in surveillance patients.METHODSA 2‐year laboratory information system–based search was conducted, and it yielded 587 subjects (695 biopsy and cytology pairs) with histological follow‐up. The sensitivity and specificity of cytology for urothelial malignancy, the risk of malignancy per diagnostic category, the additive sensitivity, and the time for conversion from a negative initial cytology result to a positive cytology result were examined.RESULTSThe overall average sensitivity and specificity of cytology were 48.9% and 83.0%, respectively. The additive sensitivity increased with each subsequent cytology and peaked with the third cytology. A median conversion time of 22.2 months from a negative initial cytology result to a positive cytology result and a decline in predictive positive cytology after the fourth cytology were noted. Subcategorization of the atypical category failed to show statistical significance in predicting outcomes of biopsy. Surveillance subjects, as compared to primary subjects, showed a higher sensitivity for the detection of high and low grade cancers.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest that atypia favoring malignancy is being appropriately flagged. However, further definition of the atypical category is needed to increase specificity with a better qualitative or quantitative morphological algorithm. This study provides a risk of malignancy for each category for benchmarking and clinical triage. The data suggest that follow‐up should include at least 4 consecutive urine specimens over a period of 22.2 months. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:10–8. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Responsive Aqueous Foams
Authors: Fameau Anne‐Laure , Carl Adrian , Saint‐Jalmes Arnaud , von Klitzing Regine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRemarkable properties have emerged recently for aqueous foams, including ultrastability and responsiveness. Responsive aqueous foams refer to foams for which the stability can be switched between stable and unstable states with a change in environment or with external stimuli. Responsive foams have been obtained from various foam stabilizers, such as surfactants, proteins, polymers, and particles, and with various stimuli. Different strategies have been developed to design this type of soft material. We briefly review the two main approaches used to obtain responsive foams. The first approach is based on the responsiveness of the interfacial layer surrounding the gas bubbles, which leads to responsive foams. The second approach is based on modifications that occur in the aqueous phase inside the foam liquid channels to tune the foam stability. We will highlight the most sophisticated approaches, which use light, temperature, and magnetic fields and lead to switchable foam stability.
A simple control scheme for a single stage flyback LED driver
Authors: Wang Jian‐Min , Wu Sen‐Tung , Yen Shang‐Chin , Lin Jing‐Yuan 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis study proposes a simple control scheme for using single‐stage flyback (SSF) converters in lighting source applications for LEDs. Among the advantages of the average current mode is an I/O current ripple that is only one‐half of the critical conduction mode (CRM). This condition helps extend the output capacitor lifetime while lowering the input EMI capacitance input EMI capacitance. The SSF converter proposed in this study operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM). In addition, two sample‐and‐hold (S/H) circuits are placed at the output voltage loop and feed‐forward path, respectively. Since these S/H circuits access the average output current and average feed‐forward voltage, the LED driver is unaffected by the 120‐Hz ripple noise, the total harmonic distortion (THD) is reduced, and the transient response of the output current is improved. Finally, the operation principles and design considerations of the studied LED driver are analyzed and discussed. A laboratory prototype is also designed and tested to verify the feasibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pulmonary arterial capacitance in patients with heart failure and reactive pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Dragu Robert , Rispler Shmuel , Habib Manhal , Sholy Haitham , Hammerman Haim , Galie Nazzareno , Aronson Doron 
Published: November 2014

AimsReactive pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe form of PH secondary to left‐sided heart failure (HF). Given the structural and functional abnormalities in the pulmonary vasculature that occur in reactive PH, we hypothesized that pulmonary artery capacitance (PAC) may be profoundly affected, with implications for clinical outcome.Methods and resultsWe studied 393 HF patients of whom 124 (32%) were classified as having passive PH and 140 (36%) as having reactive PH, and 91 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mean PAC was highest in patients without PH (4.5 ± 2.1 mL/mmHg), followed by the passive PH group (2.8 ± 1.4 mL/mmHg) and was lowest in those with reactive PH (1.8 ± 0.7 mL/mmHg) (P = 0.0001). PAC and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) fitted well to a hyperbolic inverse relationship (PAC = 0.25/PVR, R2 = 0.70), with reactive PH patients dispersed almost predominantly on the flat part of the curve where a reduction in PVR is associated with a small improvement in PAC. Elevated PCWP was associated with a significant lowering of PAC for any PVR (P = 0.036). During a median follow‐up of 31 months, both reactive PH [hazard ratio (HR) 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–4.46, P = 0.02] and reduced PAC (HR 0.72 per 1 mL/mmHg increase, 95% CI 0.59–0.88, P = 0.001) were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionsThe development of reactive PH is associated with a marked reduction in PAC. PAC is a strong independent haemodynamic marker of mortality in HF and may contribute to the increased mortality associated with reactive PH.
Alloreactive regulatory T cells generated with retinoic acid prevent skin allograft rejection
Authors: Moore Carolina , Tejon Gabriela , Fuentes Camila , Hidalgo Yessia , Bono Maria R. , Maldonado Paula , Fernandez Ricardo , Wood Kathryn J. , Fierro Juan A. , Rosemblatt Mario , Sauma Daniela , Bushell Andrew 
Published: November 2014

CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells mediate immunological self‐tolerance and suppress immune responses. Retinoic acid (RA), a natural metabolite of vitamin A, has been reported to enhance the differentiation of Treg cells in the presence of TGF‐β. In this study, we show that the co‐culture of naive T cells from C57BL/6 mice with allogeneic antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) from BALB/c mice in the presence of TGF‐β, RA, and IL‐2 resulted in a striking enrichment of Foxp3+ T cells. These RA in vitro‐induced regulatory T (RA‐iTreg) cells did not secrete Th1‐, Th2‐, or Th17‐related cytokines, showed a nonbiased homing potential, and expressed several cell surface molecules related to Treg‐cell suppressive potential. Accordingly, these RA‐iTreg cells suppressed T‐cell proliferation and inhibited cytokine production by T cells in in vitro assays. Moreover, following adoptive transfer, RA‐iTreg cells maintained Foxp3 expression and their suppressive capacity. Finally, RA‐iTreg cells showed alloantigen‐specific immunosuppressive capacity in a skin allograft model in immunodeficient mice. Altogether, these data indicate that functional and stable allogeneic‐specific Treg cells may be generated using TGF‐β, RA, and IL‐2. Thus, RA‐iTreg cells may have a potential use in the development of more effective cellular therapies in clinical transplantation.
Immobilization of an Anthracene‐Tagged Ruthenium Complex on a 2,4,7‐Trinitrofluoren‐9‐one‐Grafted Silica: Efficiency and Recyclability in Olefin Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Nasrallah Houssein , Pagnoux Anastassiya , Didier Dorian , Magnier Caroline , Toupet Loïc , Guillot Régis , Crévisy Christophe , Mauduit Marc , Schulz Emmanuelle 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn anthracene group was linked to the N‐heterocyclic carbene moiety of a M71‐SIPr‐type Ru complex. The tagged complex thus obtained was immobilized by charge‐transfer interactions to a 2,4,7‐trinitrofluoren‐9‐one‐grafted passivated silica. The immobilized complex proved to be an efficient olefin metathesis catalyst and was reused five times in a multisubstrate olefin metathesis procedure.
The First Triple‐Stranded Helical Metallosupramolecule with Metal Cluster Core
Authors: Kao Hsien‐Chang , Tang Shang‐Wei , Wang Wen‐Jwu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn unprecedented 3D framework, [Ag(Ag6(C2‐Me‐(Mepdz)2)3(CH3CN))2](ClO4)13, has been synthesized by using a ligand with both rigid pyridazine and flexible hydrazone segments, which represents to the best of our knowledge, the first example of metallosupramolecule built by the triple‐stranded helixes sharing the same penta‐silver core.
AdipoQ T45 G and G276 T Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Asian Populations: A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression
Authors: Wang Bai‐Fang , Wang Ying , Ao Ran , Tong Jing , Wang Bing‐Yuan 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundAdiponectin (AdipoQ) is an adipose‐derived plasma protein that plays an important role in hepatic lipoprotein–lipid metabolism. Emerging evidence have shown that two common polymorphisms (T45 G and G276 T) in the AdipoQ gene may contribute to increasing susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however individually published studies show inconclusive results. This meta‐analysis aimed to derive a more precise estimation of the association of AdipoQ T45 G (rs2241766 T>G) and G276 T (rs1501299 G>T) polymorphisms with NAFLD risk.MethodPotential relevant studies were identified covering the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Bio‐medicine Database (CBM), and Chinese Sci‐tech Journals databases. Statistical analyses were calculated using the version 12.0 STATA software (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). Odds ratios (ORs) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultTen case–control studies were included with a total of 2,672 subjects, of these 1,117 being NAFLD patients and 1,555 being healthy controls. Our meta‐analysis results revealed that the T variant of AdipoQ rs2241766 T>G polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. There was also a significant association between the G variant of AdipoQ rs1501299 G>T polymorphism and an increased risk of NAFLD. Country‐stratified analysis indicated that a higher AdipoQ rs2241766 T>G polymorphism was closely related with an increased risk of NAFLD in Chinese and Indian populations (all Ps < 0.05); a similar result was observed in Chinese populations between AdipoQ rs2241766 T>G polymorphism and an increased risk of NAFLD (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, the current meta‐analysis indicates that AdipoQ rs2241766 T>G and rs1501299 G>T polymorphisms may contribute to an increasing susceptibility to NAFLD. Moreover, this meta‐analysis also suggests for future larger studies with stratified case–control population, and greater focus on the gene–environment interactions regarding NAFLD susceptibility for valid studies.
Transcriptomics of developing embryos and organs: A raising tool for evo–devo
Authors: Pantalacci Sophie , Sémon Marie 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTComparative transcriptomics has become an important tool for revisiting many evo–devo questions and exploring new ones, and its importance is likely to increase in the near future, partly because RNA‐seq data open many new possibilities. The aim of this opinion piece is twofold. In the first section, we discuss the particularities of transcriptomic studies in evo–devo, focusing mainly on RNA‐seq data. The preliminary processing steps (getting coding sequences as well as expression levels) are challenging, because many studied species do not have a sequenced genome. The next step (interpreting expression differences) is also challenging, due to several issues with interpreting expression levels in complex tissues, managing developmental stages and species heterochronies, and the problem of conceptualizing expression differences. In the second section, we discuss some past and possible future applications of transcriptomic approaches (using microarray or RNA‐seq) to three major themes in evo–devo: the evolution of the developmental toolkit, the genetic and developmental basis for phenotypic changes, and the general rules of the evolution of development. We believe that conceptual and technical tools are necessary in order to fully exploit the richness of multispecies transcriptomic time–series data. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 363–371, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic duct drainage
Authors: Fujii‐Lau Larissa L. , Levy Michael J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has evolved from a purely diagnostic procedure to one with therapeutic capabilities. One of the most challenging therapeutic intervention for endosonographers is EUS‐guided pancreatic drainage. The development of this technique has allowed access and drainage of the main pancreatic duct after failed endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and can avoid invasive procedures such as surgical and percutaneous interventions. This review discusses the indications, technique, challenges, and an algorithmic approach to EUS‐guided pancreatic drainage.
Fiscal Rules and the Pro‐cyclicality of Public Investment in the West African Economic and Monetary Union
Authors: Dessus Sébastien , Diaz‐Sanchez Jose L. , Varoudakis Aristomene 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEvidence from a large panel of low‐income and lower middle‐income countries over the period 1995–2012 suggests that, contrary to that in other countries, public investment in the West African Economic and Monetary Union has been pro‐cyclical. Public investment contracts more in ‘bad times’ than it increases in ‘good times’ and appears to have become pro‐cyclical since the introduction of the fiscal convergence criteria in 1994. The pro‐cyclicality of public expenditure and the high asymmetry of shocks that affect West African Economic and Monetary Union countries justify exploring options for greater counter‐cyclicality of rules‐based fiscal frameworks and for risk sharing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Bilirubin Oxidation by Benzoyl Peroxide in Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: SEREBRYAKOVA MARIA K. , SOLOMONOV ALEXEY V. , RUMYANTSEV EVGENIY V. , IVANOV SERGEI P. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the redox reaction of bilirubin by the action of benzoyl peroxide in dimethyl sulfoxide was analyzed. It is shown that the first reaction product is biliverdin, which oxidizes to purpurin and further to choletelin. The kinetic and activation parameters of the oxidation reactions were obtained. A kinetic model of the process was proposed. An assumed route of the reaction is related to the exchange interaction of CH protons of methylene and methine spacers with free radicals in the rate‐limiting step with the further destruction of the “ridge‐tile” pigment conformation. The mechanism steps are confirmed by quantum‐chemical calculations and HPLC. It is found that in organic solvents the end products of bilirubin oxidation are not monopyrrolic derivatives. The data obtained will be useful in constructing antioxidant action models of the pigment.
Benzothiadiazole‐Containing Conjugated Polyelectrolytes for Biological Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Zhan Ruoyu , Liu Bin 
Published: November 2014

This article summarizes the recent advances of benzothiadiazole (BT)‐containing conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) for biological sensing and imaging. After a brief introduction of the molecular design principles, the application of linear BT‐containing CPEs as multicolor or light‐up probes for visual sensing of biomolecules is reviewed. Then, linear, grafted, and hyperbranched BT‐containing CPEs that can self‐assemble into nanoparticles or have intrinsic 3D structures for in vitro and in vivo imaging are summarized. The future outlook of BT‐containing CPEs for biomedical applications is also discussed at the end.
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Tuning Resistive Switching Memory Behavior from Non‐volatile to Volatile by Phenoxy Linkages in Soluble Polyimides Containing Carbazole‐Tethered Triazole Groups
Authors: Shi Lei , Jia Nanfang , Kong Lushi , Qi Shengli , Wu Dezhen 
Published: November 2014

Two soluble functional aromatic polyimides (PIs), 6F‐CzTZ PI and 6F‐OCzTZ PI, are synthesized for memory device applications. The chemical structures of the 6F‐CzTZ PI and 6F‐OCzTZ PI are basically identical, with the only difference lying in the incorporation of phenoxy linkages in 6F‐OCzTZ PI. However, vastly different memory behaviors are observed. The 6F‐CzTZ PI displays a non‐volatile write‐once read‐many times (WORM) memory effect with no polarity, while the 6F‐OCzTZ PI exhibits volatile static random access memory (SRAM) characteristics and has polarity. Both the PIs exhibit good long‐term operation stability, survive to 108 reading cycles with no current degradation, and show ultrafast switching with a response time less than 20 ns. The charge‐transfer mechanisms and the roles of the donor and acceptor components in the PIs associated with the electrical switching effect are elucidated on the basis of the experimental and quantum simulation results.
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Triple‐Shape Effect with Adjustable Switching Temperatures in Crosslinked Poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)]
Authors: Nöchel Ulrich , Kumar Uttamchand Narendra , Wang Ke , Kratz Karl , Behl Marc , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: November 2014

A triple‐shape capability of copolymer networks enabling a variation of the two switching temperatures Tsws by purely physical functionalization is introduced. The polymer networks obtained by covalently crosslinking of poly[ethylene‐co‐(vinyl acetate)] exhibit a broad melting transition. The influence of the two deformation temperatures Tdeforms applied during programming of the triple‐shape effect (TSE) on the two Tsws is explored. Interestingly, it turns out that the deformation geometry plays an important role in the realizability of this concept. Tensile deformations allow adjusting only one Tsw in the lower melting temperature range of 45 to 60 °C, whereas in bending tests, both Tsws can be varied. Finally, two independent TSEs associated to four different Tsws between 45 and 90 °C can be realized in the same specimen. Shape fixity and shape recovery ratios generally exceed 90%, demonstrating an excellent performance of the triple‐shape function.
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Axonal neuropathy in female carriers of the fragile X premutation with fragile x–associated tremor ataxia syndrome
Authors: Ram Suresh , Devapriya Inoka A. , Fenton Grace , Mcvay Lindsey , Nguyen Danh V. , Tassone Flora , Maselli Ricardo A. , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we examined whether females with the fragile X–associated tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) and non‐FXTAS premutation carriers have electrophysiological signs of underlying peripheral neuropathy. Methods: Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were performed on 19 women with FXTAS, 20 non‐FXTAS carriers, and 26 age‐matched controls. The results were compared with existing data on corresponding male carriers. Results: Women with FXTAS and non‐FXTAS carriers had reduced sensory nerve action potential amplitudes. Also, there was a strong trend for reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes in women with FXTAS, but not in non‐FXTAS carriers. No significant slowing of nerve conduction velocities, prolongation of F‐wave latencies, or associations with molecular measures was observed. Conclusions: This study suggests an underlying axonal neuropathy in women with FXTAS. However, in comparison to men with FXTAS, the NCS abnormalities in women were less severe, possibly due to the effect of a normal X chromosome. Muscle Nerve 52: 234–239, 2015
Quantitative ultrasound of denervated hand muscles
Authors: Simon Neil G. , Ralph Jeffrey W. , Lomen‐Hoerth Catherine , Poncelet Ann N. , Vucic Steve , Kiernan Matthew C. , Kliot Michel 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionPresentations to the neuromuscular clinic commonly involve hand muscle denervation, but few studies have evaluated hand muscle ultrasound.MethodsUltrasound studies of abductor pollicis brevis, first dorsal interosseous, and abductor digit minimi were prospectively performed in a cohort of 34 patients (77 muscles) with electromyography (EMG)‐confirmed denervation, compared with 58 healthy control subjects.ResultsIn control subjects, muscle thickness was highly reproducible [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.88–0.98], and echogenicity was moderately reproducible (ICC = 0.542–0.686). Age, gender, and body mass index influenced muscle thickness and echogenicity. Ultrasound changes in denervated muscles correlated with the severity of EMG abnormalities. A z‐score cutoff of 0 identified denervated muscles with a sensitivity of 100% and 89% for echogenicity and muscle thickness, respectively.ConclusionsHand muscle ultrasound provides a noninvasive method to quantify muscle denervation and may be useful as a screening tool before EMG studies. Muscle Nerve 52: 221–230, 2015
High‐frequency binge eating predicts weight gain among veterans receiving behavioral weight loss treatments
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Lutes Lesley D. , Myra Kim Hyungjin , Holleman Robert G. , Goodrich David E. , Janney Carol A. , Kirsh Susan , Richardson Caroline R. , Damschroder Laura J. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo assess for the frequency of binge eating behavior and its association with weight loss in an overweight/obese sample of veterans.MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data from the ASPIRE study, a randomized effectiveness trial of weight loss among veterans. Of the 481 enrolled veterans with overweight/obesity, binge eating frequency was obtained by survey for 392 (82%).ResultsThe majority (77.6%) reported binge eating, and 6.1% reported high‐frequency binge eating. Those reporting any binge eating lost 1.4% of body weight, decreased waist circumference by 2.0 cm, and had significantly worse outcomes than those reporting never binge eating who lost about double the weight (2.7%) and reduced waist circumference by twice as much (4.2 cm). The high‐frequency binge group gained 1.4% of body weight and increased waist circumference by 0.3 cm.ConclusionsHigh rates of binge eating were observed in an overweight/obese sample of veterans enrolled in weight loss treatment. The presence of binge eating predicted poorer weight loss outcomes. Furthermore, high‐frequency binge eating was associated with weight gain. These findings have operational and policy implications for developing effective strategies to address binge eating in the context of behavioral weight loss programs for veterans.