bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progressive In Situ Reduction of Graphene Oxide Studied by Raman Spectroelectrochemistry: Implications for a Spontaneous Activation of LiFePO4 (Olivine)
Authors: Bousa Milan , Frank Otakar , Kavan Ladislav 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLiFePO4 olivine (LFP) with few‐layer graphene oxide (FLGO) was tested by repeated electrochemical charging/discharging. Here we report on a novel effect that the LFP/FLGO composite, which is electrochemically almost idle in a freshly made state, spontaneously enhances its activity, when the charge/discharge cycling progresses. Based on electrochemical, IR and Raman studies, we suggest that a gradual in situ reduction of FLGO is responsible for this activation.
Masonry infill walls in reinforced concrete frames as a source of structural damping
Authors: Ozkaynak H. , Yuksel E. , Yalcin C. , Dindar A. A. , Buyukozturk O. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents the results of an experimental study on the determination of damping characteristics of bare, masonry infilled, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer retrofitted infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames. It is well known that the masonry infills are used as partitioning walls having significant effect on the damping characteristics of structures as well as contribution to the lateral stiffness and strength. The main portion of the input energy imparted to the structure during earthquakes is dissipated through hysteretic and damping energies. The equivalent damping definition is used to reflect various damping mechanisms globally. In this study, the equivalent damping ratio of carbon fiber reinforced polymer retrofitted infilled RC systems is quantified through a series of 1/3‐scaled, one‐bay, one‐story frames. Quasi‐static tests are carried out on eight specimens with two different loading patterns: one‐cycled and three‐cycled displacement histories and the pseudo‐dynamic tests performed on eight specimens for selected acceleration record scaled at three different PGA levels with two inertia mass conditions. The results of the experimental studies are evaluated in two phases: (i) equivalent damping is determined for experimentally obtained cycles from quasi‐static and pseudo‐dynamic tests; and (ii) an iterative procedure is developed on the basis of the energy balance formulation to determine the equivalent damping ratio. On the basis of the results of these evaluations, equivalent damping of levels of 5%, 12%, and 14% can be used for bare, infilled, and retrofitted infilled RC frames, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing predictive uncertainty in comparative toxicity potentials of triazoles
Authors: Golsteijn Laura , Iqbal M. Sarfraz , Cassani Stefano , Hendriks Harrie W.M. , Kovarich Simona , Papa Ester , Rorije Emiel , Sahlin Ullrika , Huijbregts Mark A.J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Comparative toxicity potentials (CTPs) quantify the potential ecotoxicological impacts of chemicals per unit of emission. They are the product of a substance's environmental fate, exposure, and hazardous concentration. When empirical data are lacking, substance properties can be predicted. The goal of the present study was to assess the influence of predictive uncertainty in substance property predictions on the CTPs of triazoles. Physicochemical and toxic properties were predicted with quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs), and uncertainty in the predictions was quantified with use of the data underlying the QSARs. Degradation half-lives were based on a probability distribution representing experimental half-lives of triazoles. Uncertainty related to the species' sample size that was present in the prediction of the hazardous aquatic concentration was also included. All parameter uncertainties were treated as probability distributions, and propagated by Monte Carlo simulations. The 90% confidence interval of the CTPs typically spanned nearly 4 orders of magnitude. The CTP uncertainty was mainly determined by uncertainty in soil sorption and soil degradation rates, together with the small number of species sampled. In contrast, uncertainty in species-specific toxicity predictions contributed relatively little. The findings imply that the reliability of CTP predictions for the chemicals studied can be improved particularly by including experimental data for soil sorption and soil degradation, and by developing toxicity QSARs for more species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:293–301. © 2013 SETAC
Norsesquiterpenes as markers of overheating in Indonesian vetiver oil
Authors: Filippi Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTVetiver oil from Indonesia (Java type) is characterized by the occurrence of a relatively large series of norsesquiterpenes compared with vetiver oils of other origins. Three major norsesquiterpenes have been isolated from this essential oil and their structures have been elucidated by one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Two of them were characterized for the first time, while the third has been reconsidered from the point of view of its relative configuration. Moreover, we clearly demonstrate that these compounds are generated upon thermic degradation of vetiver acids, making them potential markers of overheating during hydrodistillation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Genetic Models of Osteoporosis by Overexpression of Human RANKL in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Rinotas Vagelis , Niti Alexandra , Dacquin Romain , Bonnet Nicolas , Stolina Marina , Han Chun-Ya , Kostenuik Paul , Jurdic Pierre , Ferrari Serge , Douni Eleni 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) plays a key role in osteoclast-induced bone resorption across a range of degenerative bone diseases, and its specific inhibition has been recently approved as a treatment for women with postmenopausal osteoporosis at high or increased risk of fracture in the United States and globally. In the present study, we generated transgenic mice (TghuRANKL) carrying the human RANKL (huRANKL) genomic region and achieved a physiologically relevant pattern of RANKL overexpression in order to establish novel genetic models for assessing skeletal and extraskeletal pathologies associated with excessive RANKL and for testing clinical therapeutic candidates that inhibit human RANKL. TghuRANKL mice of both sexes developed early-onset bone loss, and the levels of huRANKL expression were correlated with bone resorption and disease severity. Low copy Tg5516 mice expressing huRANKL at low levels displayed a mild osteoporotic phenotype as shown by trabecular bone loss and reduced biomechanical properties. Notably, overexpression of huRANKL, in the medium copy Tg5519 line, resulted in severe early-onset osteoporosis characterized by lack of trabecular bone, destruction of the growth plate, increased osteoclastogenesis, bone marrow adiposity, increased bone remodeling, and severe cortical bone porosity accompanied by decreased bone strength. An even more severe skeletal phenotype developed in the high copy Tg5520 founder with extensive soft tissue calcification. Model validation was further established by evidence that denosumab, an antibody that inhibits human but not murine RANKL, fully corrected the hyper-resorptive and osteoporotic phenotypes of Tg5519 mice. Furthermore, overexpression of huRANKL rescued osteopetrotic phenotypes of RANKL-defective mice. These novel huRANKL transgenic models of osteoporosis represent an important advance for understanding the pathogenesis and treatment of high-turnover bone diseases and other disease states caused by excessive RANKL. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Deficiency of Sef Is Associated With Increased Postnatal Cortical Bone Mass by Regulating Runx2 Activity
Authors: He Qing , Yang Xuehui , Gong Yan , Kovalenko Dmitry , Canalis Ernesto , Rosen Clifford J , Friesel Robert E 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Sef (similar expression to fgf genes) is a feedback inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and functions in part by binding to FGF receptors and inhibiting their activation. Genetic studies in mice and humans indicate an important role for fibroblast growth factor signaling in bone growth and homeostasis. We, therefore, investigated whether Sef had a function role in skeletal acquisition and remodeling. Sef expression is increased during osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and LacZ staining of Sef+/− mice showed high expression of Sef in the periosteum and chondro-osseous junction of neonatal and adult mice. Mice with a global deletion of Sef showed increased cortical bone thickness, bone volume, and increased periosteal perimeter by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Histomorphometric analysis of cortical bone revealed a significant increase in osteoblast number. Interestingly, Sef−/− mice showed very little difference in trabecular bone by micro-CT and histomorphometry compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow cells from Sef−/− mice grown in osteogenic medium showed increased proliferation and increased osteoblast differentiation compared with wild-type bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells from Sef−/− mice showed enhanced FGF2-induced activation of the ERK pathway, whereas bone marrow cells from Sef transgenic mice showed decreased FGF2-induced signaling. FGF2-induced acetylation and stability of Runx2 was enhanced in Sef−/− bone marrow cells, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited Runx2-responsive luciferase reporter activity. Bone marrow from Sef−/− mice showed enhanced hematopoietic lineage-dependent and osteoblast-dependent osteoclastogenesis and increased bone resorptive activity relative to wild-type controls in in vitro assays, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, these studies indicate that Sef has specific roles in osteoblast and osteoclast lineages and that its absence results in increased osteoblast and osteoclast activity with a net increase in cortical bone mass. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Pivotal Role of microRNA‐155 in the Control of Cancer
Authors: Chen Zhaolin , Ma Taotao , Huang Cheng , Hu Tingting , Li Jun 
Published: October 2013

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important gene expression regulators linked to various biological processes at a posttranscriptional level. miRNAs have been known to play important roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. Recently, accumulate studies indicate that up‐regulation of miR‐155 has been described in several types of human tumors. miR‐155 has been considered to act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, depending on tumor system. Silencing oncomiRs or gene therapy approaches could be an effective therapeutic approach against tumor. Here we review the current knowledge on the functional role of miR‐155 in the control of various cancers. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 545–550, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microwave‐assisted aqueous two‐phase extraction of phenolics from grape (Vitis vinifera) seed
Authors: Dang Yan‐Yan , Zhang Hua , Xiu Zhi‐Long 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe wine making process produces a large quantity of grape marc, which includes grape seeds, skins, and stems. These byproducts comprise approximately 20% of the harvested grapes. Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) composed of short‐chain alcohol, inorganic salt, and water is a novel approach used to separate active constituents from fermentation broth or natural plant. A microwave‐assisted aqueous two‐phase extraction (MAATPE) method was used to obtain phenolic compounds from grape seeds. The partitioning behavior of the phenolic compounds in the MAATPE system was assessed.RESULTSPhenolic compounds were extracted into the top acetone‐rich phase at 32% (w/w) acetone/16% (w/w) ammonium citrate. The maximum yield of total phenolics, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin were 82.7, 52.6, and 30.7 mg g−1, respectively. The corresponding recovery rates were 97.1%, 97.9%, and 99.3%. The antioxidant activity of seed extracts was determined by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate) (ABTS) radical‐scavenging ability (IC50). No significant correlation was found between free radical scavenging capacity and TP content.CONCLUSIONMAATPE required lower solvent concentration and less treatment time to extract high amounts of phenolics from grape seeds compared with the other methods. MAATPE has the potential for the extraction, clarification, and concentration of target products using a single step. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The treatment of animal manure wastewater by coupled simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD) and shortcut nitrification–denitrification (SND)
Authors: He Qingming , Peng Xuya , Li Zhiyang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe anaerobic–aerobic system is considered an efficient process for simultaneous removal of organic matter and nitrogen from animal manure wastewater. In this work, coupled simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD) and shortcut nitrification–denitrification (SND) was investigated to treat animal manure wastewater having high concentrations of nitrogen and organic matter.RESULTSThe best COD and NO2−‐N removal efficiency was achieved when the influent COD loading rate in the anaerobic reactor was 3 kg m‐3 d−1 and the COD/NO2−‐N ratio was above 30. It was advantageous to the treatment of high‐strength ammonia animal manure wastewater to adopt SND when the pH and free ammonia were about 8.0 and 18 mg L−1, respectively. The average efficiency of of removal COD, NH4+‐N, and total nitrogen when adopting the coupling technology was 96.7%, 94.9% and 86.5%, respectively, and the nitrite accumulation rate reached 94.55%.CONCLUSIONThis study suggested that it was technically feasible to adopt SMD–SND coupling technology of to treat animal manure wastewater with high concentrations of nitrogen and organic matter. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Peroral pancreatoscopy using the SpyGlass system for the assessment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas
Authors: Nagayoshi Yosuke , Aso Teppei , Ohtsuka Takao , Kono Hiroshi , Ideno Noboru , Igarashi Hisato , Takahata Shunichi , Oda Yoshinao , Ito Tetsuhide , Tanaka Masao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPeroral pancreatoscopy (POPS) using a mother–baby endoscope system is often useful for assessment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas with main pancreatic duct (MPD) involvement, but is not widely used for several reasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the SpyGlass Direct Visualization System for assessment of IPMN.MethodsSeventeen patients diagnosed with possible IPMN with MPD dilation underwent peroral pancreatoscopy using the SpyGlass system at our institution. The quality of visualization and the sensitivities of cytological and pathological investigations for diagnosing malignant lesions were evaluated.ResultsPeroral pancreatoscopy was performed using the SpyScope in 12 patients and an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) catheter in five patients. Sufficient visualization was achieved in 92% of cases using the SpyScope and 40% of cases using the ERCP catheter. Biopsy under direct visualization was successful in seven patients. Biopsy specimens showed adenocarcinoma in one patient, benign neoplastic epithelium in five patients, and regenerative changes in one patient; and had 25% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting malignancy. SpyGlass pancreatoscopy with irrigation cytology had 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting malignancy. SpyGlass pancreatoscopy was useful for determining the operative excision line in three patients. There were no severe procedure‐related adverse events.ConclusionsPeroral pancreatoscopy using the SpyGlass system seems to be feasible and useful for assessment of IPMN with a dilated MPD.
EXPLORING THE TRANSFORMATIVE POTENTIAL OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Parpart Jane L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGender mainstreaming, with its promise of gender transformation, equality and empowerment, has become a central pillar of development discourse, policy and practice. Yet, the implementation of these promises has largely been disappointing. Proposed ‘solutions’ have brought little new to the table. This article suggests that we need to rethink the link between policy and implementation, recognising that both are political processes and that while policies set agendas, both policies and their implementation are deeply influenced by societal factors. Drawing on critical development analysis and feminist writings, the article explores the transformative potential of gender mainstreaming in international development organisations in an increasingly complex, unequal and gendered world. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN THE CONTEXT OF CHANGING AID MODALITIES: INSIGHTS FROM TWO PARIS DECLARATION CHAMPIONS
Authors: Holvoet Nathalie , Inberg Liesbeth 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article explores how gender issues have been dealt with in the context of the aid reform processes laid down in the 2005 Paris Declaration (PD). In doing this, the study draws upon evidence from the Netherlands and Tanzania, two PD champions. The article points to yet unused opportunities to promote gender mainstreaming in policies and systems as well as pressing challenges with regard to projects that are specifically targeted at gender equality and women's empowerment. It argues that the disappointing state of affairs may partly be attributed to the narrowly technocratic way in which the PD has thus far been understood and implemented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain anatomy of the marine tardigrade actinarctus doryphorus (arthrotardigrada)
Authors: Persson Dennis K. , Halberg Kenneth A. , Jørgensen Aslak , Møbjerg Nadja , Kristensen Reinhardt M. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTKnowledge of tardigrade brain structure is important for resolving the phylogenetic relationships of Tardigrada. Here, we present new insight into the morphology of the brain in a marine arthrotardigrade, Actinarctus doryphorus, based on transmission electron microscopy, supported by scanning electron microscopy, conventional light microscopy as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy. Arthrotardigrades contain a large number of plesiomorphic characters and likely represent ancestral tardigrades. They often have segmented body outlines and each trunk segment, with its paired set of legs, may have up to five sensory appendages. Noticeably, the head carries numerous cephalic appendages that are structurally equivalent to the sensory appendages of the trunk segments. Our data reveal that the brain of A. doryphorus is partitioned into three paired lobes, and that these lobes exhibit a more pronounced separation as compared to that of eutardigrades. The first brain lobe in A. doryphorus is located anteriodorsally, with the second lobe just below it in an anterioventral position. Both of these two paired lobes are located anterior to the buccal tube. The third pair of brain lobes are situated posterioventrally to the first two lobes, and flank the buccal tube. In addition, A. doryphorus possesses a subpharyngeal ganglion, which is connected with the first of the four ventral trunk ganglia. The first and second brain lobes in A. doryphorus innervate the clavae and cirri of the head. The innervations of these structures indicate a homology between, respectively, the clavae and cirri of A. doryphorus and the temporalia and papilla cephalica of eutardigrades. The third brain lobes innervate the buccal lamella and the stylets as described for eutardigrades. Collectively, these findings suggest that the head region of extant tardigrades is the result of cephalization of multiple segments. Our results on the brain anatomy of Actinarctus doryphorus support the monophyly of Panarthropoda. J. Morphol. 275:173–190, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical performance of contrast enhanced abdominal pediatric MRI with fast combined parallel imaging compressed sensing reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Tao , Chowdhury Shilpy , Lustig Michael , Barth Richard A. , Alley Marcus T. , Grafendorfer Thomas , Calderon Paul D. , Robb Fraser J.L. , Pauly John M. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo deploy clinically, a combined parallel imaging compressed sensing method with coil compression that achieves a rapid image reconstruction, and assess its clinical performance in contrast‐enhanced abdominal pediatric MRI.Materials and MethodsWith Institutional Review Board approval and informed patient consent/assent, 29 consecutive pediatric patients were recruited. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI was acquired on a 3 Tesla scanner using a dedicated 32‐channel pediatric coil and a three‐dimensional SPGR sequence, with pseudo‐random undersampling at a high acceleration (R = 7.2). Undersampled data were reconstructed with three methods: a traditional parallel imaging method and a combined parallel imaging compressed sensing method with and without coil compression. The three sets of images were evaluated independently and blindly by two radiologists at one siting, for overall image quality and delineation of anatomical structures. Wilcoxon tests were performed to test the hypothesis that there was no significant difference in the evaluations, and interobserver agreement was analyzed.ResultsFast reconstruction with coil compression did not deteriorate image quality. The mean score of structural delineation of the fast reconstruction was 4.1 on a 5‐point scale, significantly better (P < 0.05) than traditional parallel imaging (mean score 3.1). Fair to substantial interobserver agreement was reached in structural delineation assessment.ConclusionA fast combined parallel imaging compressed sensing method is feasible in a pediatric clinical setting. Preliminary results suggest it may improve structural delineation over parallel imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:13–25. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Usefulness of india ink artifact in steady‐state free precession pulse sequences for detection and quantification of intramyocardial fat
Authors: Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Todiere Giancarlo , Strata Elisabetta , Barison Andrea , Di Bella Gianluca , Lombardi Massimo 
Published: October 2013

PurposeIn steady state free precession (SSFP) images acquired with a repetition time/echo time (TR/TE) ≈ 2, fat is surrounded by a black boundary, called “India Ink” artifact. Indian Ink artifact may improve detection of intramyocardial fat. Aims of this study were: (i) to assess the accuracy of SSFP technique for the detection of fat metaplasia in remote myocardial infarction (RMI); (ii) to evaluate the inter‐ and intraobserver reproducibility for the quantification of intramyocardial fat using SSFP and fast spin echo/short TI inversion recovery (FSE/STIR) techniques.Materials and MethodsA total of 200 patients (age 64 ± 10 years) with RMI (>1000 days) underwent MRI using a 1.5 Tesla (T) scanner. SSFP images (with a TR/TE ≈2), FSE and STIR images were acquired in short and long axis views. Fat was detected in FSE/STIR and SSFP images and its extent manually measured . The inter‐ and intraobserver agreement for the quantification of fat metaplasia using both the SSFP image and the FSE images was evaluated.ResultsLeft ventricle intramyocardial fat was detected in SSFP images of 95 patients (47.5%) and in FSE/STIR images of 84 patients (42%). A very good agreement was found using the SSFP technique between investigators.ConclusionSSFP sequence with TR/TE=2 is a valuable technique for identifying and quantifying the presence of fat tissue within the left ventricle myocardium in RMI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:126–132. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.