bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulasi dan Penentuan Potensi Tabir Surya Sediaan Lip Balm Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kayu Jawa (Lannea cormendalica)
Authors: Syahrana Nur Azizah , Masri Anshari 
Published: August 2024

Pendahuluan: Produk kosmetik yang dapat menjaga kelembaban dan memberikan perlindungan pada kulit bibir yakni produk lip balm. Kulit batang kayu jawa (Lannea cormendalica) (KBKJ) merupakan bagian tanaman yang mengandungsenyawa antioksidan dan memiliki sifat fotoprotektif sehingga melindungi kulit dan mampu menyerap sinar ultraviolet. Tujuan: untuk mendapatkan formula sediaan lip balm yang baik dan mengetahui potensi tabir surya sediaan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Metode: Lip balm diformulasikan dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak KBKJ F0, FI, F2 dan F3 yaitu 0%, 3%, 5% dan 7% dan dilakukan evaluasi sediaan meliputi pengujian organoleptis, homogenitas, suhu lebur, nilai pH, daya lekat, daya sebar, uji kelembaban, uji iritasi dan penentuan efektivitas tabir surya yang dilihat dari nilai SPF, %pigmentasi dan %eritema. Hasil:Seluruh formulasi memiliki sifat fisik yang baik dan memenuhi persyaratan mutu. Nilai SPF berturut-turut 0,24; 6,23, 6,68 dan 15.0. Kesimpulan:Berdasarkan hasil pengujian ekstrak kulit batang kayu jawa memenuhi persyaratan mutu dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai tabir surya dengan nilai SPF tertinggi pada F3 sebesar 15,0 kategori ultra dan potensi perlindungan terhadap sinar UV dikategorikan suntan.
Solving a fractional diffusion PDE using some standard and nonstandard finite difference methods with conformable and Caputo operators
Authors: Appadu Appanah R. , Kelil Abey S. , Nyingong Ndifon Wikocho 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionFractional diffusion equations offer an effective means of describing transport phenomena exhibiting abnormal diffusion pat-terns, often eluding traditional diffusion models.MethodsWe construct four finite difference methods where fractional derivatives are approximated using either conformable or Caputo operators.ResultsStability of the proposed schemes is analyzed using von Neumann stability analysis, and conditions are established to preserve positivity. Consistency analysis is performed for all methods, and numerical results with fractional parameters (α) set to 0.75, 0.90, 0.95, and 1.0 are presented.DiscussionThe rate of convergence in time for the four methods is computed.
Evaluation of finite element modeling methods for predicting compression screw failure in a custom pelvic implant
Authors: Zhu Yuhui , Babazadeh-Naseri Ata , Brake Matthew R. W. , Akin John E. , Li Geng , Lewis Valerae O. , Fregly Benjamin J. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Three-dimensional (3D)-printed custom pelvic implants have become a clinically viable option for patients undergoing pelvic cancer surgery with resection of the hip joint. However, increased clinical utilization has also necessitated improved implant durability, especially with regard to the compression screws used to secure the implant to remaining pelvic bone. This study evaluated six different finite element (FE) screw modeling methods for predicting compression screw pullout and fatigue failure in a custom pelvic implant secured to bone using nine compression screws.Methods: Three modeling methods (tied constraints (TIE), bolt load with constant force (BL-CF), and bolt load with constant length (BL-CL)) generated screw axial forces using functionality built into Abaqus FE software; while the remaining three modeling methods (isotropic pseudo-thermal field (ISO), orthotropic pseudo-thermal field (ORT), and equal-and-opposite force field (FOR)) generated screw axial forces using iterative physics-based relationships that can be implemented in any FE software. The ability of all six modeling methods to match specified screw pretension forces and predict screw pullout and fatigue failure was evaluated using an FE model of a custom pelvic implant with total hip replacement. The applied hip contact forces in the FE model were estimated at two locations in a gait cycle. For each of the nine screws in the custom implant FE model, likelihood of screw pullout failure was predicted using maximum screw axial force, while likelihood of screw fatigue failure was predicted using maximum von Mises stress.Results: The three iterative physics-based modeling methods and the non-iterative Abaqus BL-CL method produced nearly identical predictions for likelihood of screw pullout and fatigue failure, while the other two built-in Abaqus modeling methods yielded vastly different predictions. However, the Abaqus BL-CL method required the least computation time, largely because an iterative process was not needed to induce specified screw pretension forces. Of the three iterative methods, FOR required the fewest iterations and thus the least computation time.Discussion: These findings suggest that the BL-CL screw modeling method is the best option when Abaqus is used for predicting screw pullout and fatigue failure in custom pelvis prostheses, while the iterative physics-based FOR method is the best option if FE software other than Abaqus is used.
Association between TyG index and risk of carotid atherosclerosis in NAFLD patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Hua , Shen Zhimei , Wang Xu , Yu Xiaosong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe TyG index, or triglyceride-glucose index, is primarily used as a marker to assess insulin resistance and metabolic health. It increases mortality risk in patients with NAFLD, atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, or heart failure. However, its association with Carotid Atherosclerosis (CAS) risk in NAFLD patients remains uncertain.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study enrolled 739 individuals who participated comprehensive health evaluations at a large public hospital in Yangzhou, China, between January 2021 and December 2023. Among them, 436 were men and 303 were women, and their mean (SD) age was 51.53 ± 11.46 years. The individuals were categorized into three tertiles (Q1, Q2, and Q3), according to the baseline TyG index. Our investigation focused on exploring the correlativity between the TyG and the occurrence of CAS utilizing Cox regression and RCS analyses.ResultsDuring a 3-year follow-up period, 199 patients developed CAS (cumulative incidence rate: 26.93%). A statistical model, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and other confounders indicated that the HR (95%CI) values for CAS risk in the Q2 and Q3 groups were 3.11(1.87-5.17) and 4.51(2.69-7.56), respectively, with P-values &lt;0.001 for both groups. A sensitivity analysis confirmed these results. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that CAS risk varied across the groups (P non-linear &lt; 0.05).ConclusionIn individuals diagnosed as NAFLD, the possibility for CAS escalates with the elevation of the TyG value. Therefore, the TyG index is an effective marker for assessing the risk of CAS within this demographic. Large-sample prospective studies are needed to confirm this conclusion in the future.
Reliability analysis of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system using hybrid Monte-Carlo and Newton Raphson methods
Authors: Fendzi Mbasso Wulfran , Molu Reagan Jean Jacques , Ambe Harrison , Dzonde Naoussi Serge Raoul , Alruwaili Mohamed , Mobarak Wael , Aboelmagd Yasser 
Published: August 2024

The integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid is essential for sustainable development, yet it presents significant dependability challenges, particularly in terms of reliability, stability, and robustness due to the inherent variability of these sources. This research introduces a novel hybrid methodology that combines Monte Carlo simulation with Newton-Raphson power flow analysis to enhance the reliability assessment of grid-connected hybrid renewable energy systems. This innovative approach uniquely addresses the limitations of existing methodologies by merging the probabilistic handling of uncertainties with precise deterministic power flow analysis. Our hybrid method significantly reduces the Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) to 5 h per year and the Loss of Load Energy Expectation (LOEE) to 200 MWh per year, outperforming traditional methods which typically report LOLEs of 2020 h/year and LOEEs of 10001000 MWh/year. Additionally, the hybrid method achieves a reduction in power losses to 1.2%, showcasing its superior efficiency compared to the 2.5% losses seen with standalone Monte Carlo methods. Real-time validation using the IEEE-30 bus model further confirms the practical applicability and robustness of our approach, making it a pivotal tool for enhancing grid stability and optimizing renewable energy integration. This research not only advances the methodology for reliability assessment but also sets a new standard for balancing accuracy and computational efficiency in energy system management. The implications of this work are far-reaching, offering significant contributions to both grid reliability and the sustainable management of renewable energy resources.
Unraveling the unphosphorylated STAT3–unphosphorylated NF-κB pathway in loss of function STAT3 Hyper IgE syndrome
Authors: Karim Adil , Garg Rashi , Saikia Biman , Tiwari Abha , Sahu Smrity , Malhotra Mehak , Minz Ranjana W. , Rawat Amit , Singh Surjit , Suri Deepti 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPatients with loss of function signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-related Hyper IgE Syndrome (LOF STAT3 HIES) present with recurrent staphylococcal skin and pulmonary infections along with the elevated serum IgE levels, eczematous rashes, and skeletal and facial abnormalities. Defective STAT3 signaling results in reduced Th17 cells and an impaired IL-17/IL-22 response primarily due to a compromised canonical Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK–STAT) pathway that involves STAT3 phosphorylation, dimerization, nuclear translocation, and gene transcription. The non-canonical pathway involving unphosphorylated STAT3 and its role in disease pathogenesis, however, is unexplored in HIES.ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the role of unphosphorylated STAT3–unphosphorylated NF-κB (uSTAT3–uNF-κB) activation pathway in LOF STAT3 HIES patients.MethodologyThe mRNA expression of downstream molecules of unphosphorylated STAT3–unphosphorylated NF-κB pathway was studied in five LOF STAT3 HIES patients and transfected STAT3 mutants post-IL-6 stimulation. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to assess the binding of STAT3 and NF-κB to RANTES promoter.ResultsA reduced expression of the downstream signaling molecules of the uSTAT3–uNF-κB complex pathway, viz., RANTES, STAT3, IL-6, IL-8, ICAM1, IL-8, ZFP36L2, CSF1, MRAS, and SOCS3, in LOF STAT3 HIES patients as well as the different STAT3 mutant plasmids was observed. Immunoprecipitation studies showed a reduced interaction of STAT3 and NF-κB to RANTES in HIES patients.ConclusionThe reduced expression of downstream signaling molecules, specially RANTES and STAT3, confirmed the impaired uSTAT3–uNF-κB pathway in STAT3 LOF HIES. Decreased levels of RANTES and STAT3 could be a significant component in the disease pathogenesis of Hyper IgE Syndrome.
Evaluation of the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness on the outcomes of COVID 19 disease in Iran: a test-negative case-control study
Authors: Khosravi Shadmani Fatemeh , Moradi Ghobad , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Torkaman Asadi Fatemeh , Ahmadi Ali , Mirahmadizadeh Alireza , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Mesgarpour Bita , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Goya Mohammad Mehdi , Mokhtari Majid , Safari-Faramani Roya , Zomorrodi Zare Fariba , Chegeni Maryam , Najafi Farid 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study measures the COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (CVE) against hospital admission and severe COVID-19.MethodsThis study is a test-negative case-control design using data from eight provinces in April, 2021 until March, 2022. The individuals were classified as cases and controls based on the results of the RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and matched based on the timing of the test being conducted as well as the timing of hospital admission. The measure of association was an odds ratio (OR) by univariate and multiple logistic regression. The multiple logistic regression has been carried out to take confounding factors and potential effect modifiers into account. The CVE was computed as CVE = (1 – OR)*100 with 95% confidence interval.ResultsAmong 19314 admitted patients, of whom 13216 (68.4%) were cases and 6098 (31.6%) were controls, 1313 (6.8%) died. From total, 5959 (30.8%) patients had received the vaccine in which one, two, and booster doses were 2443 (12.6%), 2796 (14.5٪), and 720 (3.7٪), respectively. The estimated adjusted effectiveness of only one dose, two doses and booter vaccination were 22% (95% CI: 14%-29%), 35% (95% CI: 29%-41%) and 33% (95% CI: 16%-47%), respectively. In addition, the adjusted vaccine effectiveness against severe outcome was 33% (95% CI: 19%- 44%), 34% (95% CI: 20%- 45%) and 20% (95% CI: -29%- 50%) for those who received one, two and booster vaccinations, respectively.ConclusionOur study concluded that full vaccination, though less effective compared to similar studies elsewhere, decreased hospital admissions and deaths from COVID-19 in Iran, particularly during the Delta variant period, with an observed decline during the Omicron variant dominance.
Clinical trial: Chidamide plus CHOP improve the survival of newly diagnosed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zong Xiangping , Yang Zhen , Zhou Jin , Jin Zhengming , Wu Depei 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAngioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is known for its unfavorable survival prognosis. Chidamide has shown efficacy in relapsed/refractory AITL, but its efficacy in newly diagnosed AITL is uncertainObjectiveThis retrospective research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of chidamide when used with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, prednisone, and vincristine (CHOP) in comparison to CHOP by itself for individuals newly diagnosed with AITL, and to examine the impact of transplantation.MethodThis was an analysis that compared outcomes among patients who received chidamide + CHOP on a clinical trial vs. historical controls who received CHOP alone, enrolling a total of sixty-six treatment-naive AITL patients between April 2014 and November 2022. Among them, thirty-three received chidamide in addition to CHOP (chidamide group), while thirty-three received CHOP alone (control group). The clinical characteristics were balanced between the two groups. All patients were scheduled to undergo up to six courses of treatment before transplantation.ResultsThe chidamide group had a significantly longer median overall survival (OS) compared to the control group, with a median OS that was not reached, as opposed to 20 months in the control group (p = 0.002). In the control group, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 11 months, while in the chidamide group, it was 22 months (p = 0.080). In the high-risk group (IPI ≥ 3), the chidamide group demonstrated notably superior complete response (CR) and overall response rate (ORR) compared to the control cohort (p = 0.002, p = 0.034). The PFS and OS in the chidamide group were not reached, and there were significant differences compared to the control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.003). The median OS of the transplanted group was longer than the non-transplanted group (p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, chidamide group reduced the hazards of death in the total cohort.ConclusionAs the study was non-random and retrospective, Chidamide combined with chemotherapy should be tested in randomized trials given its potential to improve prognosis in treatment-naive AITL patients. Furthermore, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) has demonstrated enhanced overall survival in individuals with AITL.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, NCT03268889
Relationship between gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis: a scientometric visual analysis from 2010 to 2023
Authors: Ouyang Qingrong , Yu Hao , Xu Lei , Yu Ming , Zhang Yunwei 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundNumerous studies have investigated the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and multiple sclerosis(MS), highlighting the significant role of GM in MS. However, there is a lack of systematic Scientometric analyses published in this specific research area to provide an overall understanding of the current research status.MethodsPerform a scientometric analysis on research conducted between 2010 and 2023 concerning the link between GM and MS using quantitative and visual analysis software (CiteSpace and VOSviewer.)ResultsFrom January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2023, a total of 1019 records about GM and MS were retrieved. The number of publications exhibited a consistent upward trend annually. The United States led in publications, showed the strongest level of collaboration among countries. The University of California, San Francisco stands as the top institution in terms of output, and the most prolific and cited authors were Lloyd H. Kasper and Javier Ochoa-Reparaz from the USA. The research in this field primarily centers on investigating the alterations and associations of GM in MS or EAE, the molecular immunological mechanisms, and the potential of GM-based interventions to provide beneficial effects in MS or EAE. The Keywords co-occurrence network reveals five primary research directions in this field. The most frequently occurring keywords are inflammation, probiotics, diet, dysbiosis, and tryptophan. In recent years, neurodegeneration and neuropsychiatric disorders have been prominent, indicating that the investigation of the mechanisms and practical applications of GM in MS has emerged as a current research focus. Moreover, GM research is progressively extending into the realm of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, potentially becoming future research hotspots.ConclusionsThis study revealed a data-driven systematic comprehension of research in the field of GM in MS over the past 13 years, highlighted noteworthy research within the field, provided us with a clear understanding of the current research status and future trends, providing a valuable reference for researchers venturing into this domain.
Stretch of the papillary insertion triggers reentrant arrhythmia: an in silico patient study
Authors: Myklebust Lena , Monopoli Giulia , Balaban Gabriel , Aabel Eivind Westrum , Ribe Margareth , Castrini Anna Isotta , Hasselberg Nina Eide , Bugge Cecilie , Five Christian , Haugaa Kristina , Maleckar Mary M. , Arevalo Hermenegild 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe electrophysiological mechanism connecting mitral valve prolapse (MVP), premature ventricular complexes and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia is unknown. A common hypothesis is that stretch activated channels (SACs) play a significant role. SACs can trigger depolarizations or shorten repolarization times in response to myocardial stretch. Through these mechanisms, pathological traction of the papillary muscle (PM), as has been observed in patients with MVP, may induce irregular electrical activity and result in reentrant arrhythmia.MethodsBased on a patient with MVP and mitral annulus disjunction, we modeled the effect of excessive PM traction in a detailed medical image-derived ventricular model by activating SACs in the PM insertion region. By systematically varying the onset of SAC activation following sinus pacing, we identified vulnerability windows for reentry with 1 ms resolution. We explored how reentry was affected by the SAC reversal potential (ESAC) and the size of the region with simulated stretch (SAC region). Finally, the effect of global or focal fibrosis, modeled as reduction in tissue conductivity or mesh splitting (fibrotic microstructure), was investigated.ResultsIn models with healthy tissue or fibrosis modeled solely as CV slowing, we observed two vulnerable periods of reentry: For ESAC of −10 and −30 mV, SAC activated during the T-wave could cause depolarization of the SAC region which lead to reentry. For ESAC of −40 and −70 mV, SAC activated during the QRS complex could result in early repolarization of the SAC region and subsequent reentry. In models with fibrotic microstructure in the SAC region, we observed micro-reentries and a larger variability in which times of SAC activation triggered reentry. In these models, 86% of reentries were triggered during the QRS complex or T-wave. We only observed reentry for sufficiently large SAC regions (>= 8 mm radius in models with healthy tissue).ConclusionStretch of the PM insertion region following sinus activation may initiate ventricular reentry in patients with MVP, with or without fibrosis. Depending on the SAC reversal potential and timing of stretch, reentry may be triggered by ectopy due to SAC-induced depolarizations or by early repolarization within the SAC region.
Parent–adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues and associated factors among secondary public-school students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia: an institution based cross-sectional study
Authors: Melese Mihret , Esubalew Dereje , Siyoum Tsehayu Melak , Worku Yilkal Belete , Azanaw Jember , Mengistie Berihun Agegn 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEffective communication between adolescents and their parents is crucial for reducing sexual health problems. This open dialogue can help address misconceptions, provide accurate information, and foster a supportive environment where adolescents feel comfortable seeking guidance and discussing sensitive issues related to their sexual health. In Ethiopia, with its diverse ethnic and cultural background, effective communication between parents and adolescents about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is crucial in reducing the likelihood of adolescents engaging in risky sexual behaviors. Despite the importance of such communications, there were no data showing the level of parent–adolescent communication (PAC) in secondary public schools in Gondar town. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the level of parent–adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health issues along with its influencing factors, among secondary students in Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia.MethodsWe employed an institution-based cross-sectional study design. A total of 424 students were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique, with a 100% response rate. We developed a structured questionnaire from the related literature to collect data from the participants of the study. The data were entered using EpiData version 4.6, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors.ResultsThe proportion of adolescents who had communicated with their parents was 37.7% (95% CI: 34.65–44.76). In a multivariable analysis at a 95% confidence interval (CI), variables such as being female (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.09–7.45), belonging to grades 11–12 (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.19–6.98), living with parents/caregivers (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.07–5.66), having a positive attitude toward sexual health (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.34–7.82), having poor knowledge about SRH issues (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.04–7.81), and having good knowledge about the puberty period (AOR=1.23; 95% CI:1.04–7.89) were statistically associated with parent–adolescent communication.Conclusion and recommendationsThis study found a low level of communication between parents and adolescents regarding sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues. To address this challenge, it is crucial to implement evidence-based education on SRH topics, such as consent, healthy relationships, communication skills, STDs, contraception, and interpersonal dynamics. Enhancing parent–adolescent dialogue on SRH can be achieved by implementing peer education among senior students and training teachers in effective communication techniques. The study also recommended conducting qualitative research to explore the specific barriers affecting parent–adolescent communication.