bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐chain alkanes synergise responses of moth pests to their sex pheromones
Authors: Gurba Alexandre , Guerin Patrick M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of sex pheromones for mating disruption of moth pests of crops is increasing worldwide. Efforts are under way to augment the efficiency and reliability of this control method by adding molecules derived from host plants to the sex attractants in dispensers.RESULTSWe show how attraction of the European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff., and the codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., males to underdosed levels of their sex pheromones is increased by adding heptane or octane over a range of release rates. Pheromone–alkane mixtures enhance male recruitment by up to 30%, reaching levels induced by calling females, and shorten the flight time to the sex attractant by a factor of 2.CONCLUSIONThe findings show the promise of using short‐chain alkanes as pheromone synergists for mating disruption of insect pests of food crops. Alkane–pheromone combinations are expected to increase the competitiveness of dispensers with females, and to reduce the amount of pheromone needed for the control of these pests. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Jiang Y , Li Y , Zhu B 
Published: June 2015

AbstractT-cell exhaustion was originally identified during chronic infection in mice, and was subsequently observed in humans with cancer. The exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment show overexpressed inhibitory receptors, decreased effector cytokine production and cytolytic activity, leading to the failure of cancer elimination. Restoring exhausted T cells represents an inspiring strategy for cancer treatment, which has yielded promising results and become a significant breakthrough in the cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we overview the updated understanding on the exhausted T cells in cancer and their potential regulatory mechanisms and discuss current therapeutic interventions targeting exhausted T cells in clinical trials.
Block of NMDA receptor channels by endogenous neurosteroids: implications for the agonist induced conformational states of the channel vestibule
Authors: Vyklicky Vojtech , Krausova Barbora , Cerny Jiri , Balik Ales , Zapotocky Martin , Novotny Marian , Lichnerova Katarina , Smejkalova Tereza , Kaniakova Martina , Korinek Miloslav , Petrovic Milos , Kacer Petr , Horak Martin , Chodounska Hana , Vyklicky Ladislav 
Published: June 2015

AbstractN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) mediate synaptic plasticity and their dysfunction is implicated in multiple brain disorders. NMDARs can be allosterically modulated by numerous compounds, including endogenous neurosteroid pregnanolone sulfate. Here, we identify the molecular basis of the use-dependent and voltage-independent inhibitory effect of neurosteroids on NMDAR responses. The site of action is located at the extracellular vestibule of the receptor’s ion channel pore and is accessible after receptor activation. Mutations in the extracellular vestibule in the SYTANLAAF motif disrupt the inhibitory effect of negatively charged steroids. In contrast, positively charged steroids inhibit mutated NMDAR responses in a voltage-dependent manner. These results, in combination with molecular modeling, characterize structure details of the open configuration of the NMDAR channel. Our results provide a unique opportunity for the development of new therapeutic neurosteroid-based ligands to treat diseases associated with dysfunction of the glutamate system.
A neonicotinoid impairs olfactory learning in Asian honey bees (Apis cerana) exposed as larvae or as adults
Authors: Tan Ken , Chen Weiwen , Dong Shihao , Liu Xiwen , Wang Yuchong , Nieh James C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractXenobiotics such as the neonicotinoid pesticide, imidacloprid, are used globally, but their effects on native bee species are poorly understood. We studied the effects of sublethal doses of imidacloprid on olfactory learning in the native honey bee species, Apis cerana, an important pollinator of agricultural and native plants throughout Asia. We provide the first evidence that imidacloprid can impair learning in A. cerana workers exposed as adults or as larvae. Adults that ingested a single imidacloprid dose as low as 0.1 ng/bee had significantly reduced olfactory learning acquisition, which was 1.6-fold higher in control bees. Longer-term learning (1-17 h after the last learning trial) was also impaired. Bees exposed as larvae to a total dose of 0.24 ng/bee did not have reduced survival to adulthood. However, these larval-treated bees had significantly impaired olfactory learning when tested as adults: control bees exhibited up to 4.8-fold better short-term learning acquisition, though longer-term learning was not affected. Thus, sublethal cognitive deficits elicited by neonicotinoids on a broad range of native bee species deserve further study.
Analysis of Wnt signalling dynamics during colon crypt development in 3D culture
Authors: Tan Chin Wee , Hirokawa Yumiko , Burgess Antony W. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany systems biology studies lack context-relevant data and as a consequence the predictive capabilities can be limited in developing targeted cancer therapeutics. Production of colon crypt in vitro is ideal for studying colon systems biology. This report presents the first production of, to our knowledge, physiologically-shaped, functional colon crypts in vitro (i.e. single crypts with cells expressing Mucin 2 and Chromogranin A). Time-lapsed monitoring of crypt formation revealed an increased frequency of single-crypt formation in the absence of noggin. Using quantitative 3D immunofluorescence of β-catenin and E-cadherin, spatial-temporal dynamics of these proteins in normal colon crypt cells stimulated with Wnt3A or inhibited by cycloheximide has been measured. Colon adenoma cultures established from APCmin/+ mouse have developmental differences and β-catenin spatial localization compared to normal crypts. Quantitative data describing the effects of signalling pathways and proteins dynamics for both normal and adenomatous colon crypts is now within reach to inform a systems approach to colon crypt biology.
Analysis of circadian properties and healthy levels of blue light from smartphones at night
Authors: Oh Ji Hye , Yoo Heeyeon , Park Hoo Keun , Do Young Rag 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study proposes representative figures of merit for circadian and vision performance for healthy and efficient use of smartphone displays. The recently developed figures of merit for circadian luminous efficacy of radiation (CER) and circadian illuminance (CIL) related to human health and circadian rhythm were measured to compare three kinds of commercial smartphone displays. The CIL values for social network service (SNS) messenger screens from all three displays were higher than 41.3 biolux (blx) in a dark room at night and the highest CIL value reached 50.9 blx. These CIL values corresponded to melatonin suppression values (MSVs) of 7.3% and 11.4%, respectively. Moreover, smartphone use in a bright room at night had much higher CIL and MSV values (58.7 ~ 105.2 blx and 15.4 ~ 36.1%, respectively). This study also analyzed the nonvisual and visual optical properties of the three smartphone displays while varying the distance between the screen and eye and controlling the brightness setting. Finally, a method to possibly attenuate the unhealthy effects of smartphone displays was proposed and investigated by decreasing the emitting wavelength of blue LEDs in a smartphone LCD backlight and subsequently reducing the circadian effect of the display.
Evolution of the IASC into the IASB
Authors: Camfferman Kees , Zeff Stephen A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This chapter summarizes the history of the IASC from 1973 to 2000. Created at the initiative of accountancy bodies from several countries, the IASC achieved a modest acceptance of its basic accounting standards. After 1987, the IASC pursued acceptance of its standards for the purpose of cross-border securities listings. To this end, the IASC strengthened its standards in consultation with the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). Although IOSCO endorsed the IASC’s standards in 2000, the main objective of acceptance of the standards by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) remained elusive. With strong encouragement of SEC, a restructuring of the IASC into an independent standard setter was agreed in 1999.
The United States Begins to Warm to the IASB
Authors: Camfferman Kees , Zeff Stephen A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Acceptance of IFRSs as a basis for financial reporting by foreign companies listing in the United States, without a mandatory reconciliation to US GAAP, was a chief objective of the IASB, as it had been of the IASC before it. In 2005, the Chief Accountant of the US Securities and Exchange Commission published a roadmap that, for the first time, set a target date for lifting the reconciliation requirement. Even faster than expected, the SEC lifted the reconciliation requirement in 2007. Under the leadership of Christopher Cox, chairman of the Commission, the SEC proceeded to consider the use of IFRSs, instead of US GAAP, by domestic registrants. A roadmap proposal was published in 2008, raising expectations that IFRSs might truly become the global accounting standard.
Adopt or Adapt
Authors: Camfferman Kees , Zeff Stephen A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Between 2005 to 2007, several important jurisdictions announced plans to adopt IFRSs or to converge national standards with IFRSs. Canada announced the adoption of IFRSs beginning in 2011. China moved fast to publish and implement a complete set of national standards deemed to be substantially converged with IFRSs. Following developments both in the EU and the US, the Japanese national standard setter committed itself, in a ‘Tokyo Agreement’ with the IASB, to complete a major convergence project in 2011. The diversity of national approaches to IFRSs raised concern at the IASB over its ‘brand name’, as ‘IFRS’ might be used to describe financial statements that were based on jurisdictional variations of IFRSs rather than full IFRSs. Similarly, uneven compliance with IFRSs was a matter of concern.
Isolated Rheumatoid Nodule of the Achilles
Authors: Spicer Paul J. , Broussard Gerald , Beaman Francesca 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Approximately 20% to 25% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have rheumatoid nodules. These nodules most commonly involve the soft tissues of the upper extremity, particularly adjacent to the olecranon. We present an uncommon case of a solitary rheumatoid nodule arising from the paratenon of the Achilles tendon with ultrasound and magnetic resonance images.
Irf6-Related Gene Regulatory Network Involved in Palate and Lip Development
Authors: Dai Jiewen , Yu Hongbo , Si Jiawen , Fang Bing , Shen Steve Guofang 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Numerous genes including Irf6 have been revealed to contribute to cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P). In this study, we performed a systematic bioinformatics analysis of Irf6-related gene regulatory network involved in palate and lip development by using GeneDecks, DAVID, STRING, and GeneMANIA database. Our results showed that many CL/P candidate genes have relation with Irf6, and 9 of these genes, including Msx1, Pvrl1, Pax9, Jag2, Irf6, Tgfb3, Rara, Gli2, and Tgfb2, were enriched into the CL/P gene group. Some of these 9 genes also were commonly involved in different signaling pathways and different biological processes, and they also have protein-protein interactions with Irf6. These findings make us analyze the intricate function of Irf6 in a CL/P gene regulatory network, followed by guiding us to perform further functional studies on these genes in the future. This method also offers us a simple, cheap, but useful method to analyze the relationship with a gene regulatory network of a certain disease such as CL/P.
Long-Term Outcome of Combined Lateral Tarsal Strip With Temporal Permanent Tarsorrhaphy for Correction of Paralytic Ectropion Caused By Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Kwon Kye Yoon , Jang Sun Young , Yoon Jin Sook 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Paralytic ectropion caused by facial nerve palsy often requires surgical intervention for cornea protection. In this study, the authors intended to investigate the long-term surgical outcome of their surgical technique of correcting paralytic ectropion, which is a combined lateral tarsal strip and minimal temporal permanent tarsorrhaphy. The authors performed a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent paralytic ectropion repair by combined lateral tarsal strip with minimal temporal permanent tarsorrhaphy (5 mm) from January 2010 to December 2012. Patients with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. An analysis of preoperative and postoperative measurements included the extent of lagophthalmos, grade of superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK), and tear break-up time (tBUT). The study included 22 patients and a total of 22 eyes. The lagophthalmos, grade of SPK, and tBUT at both 1 month and 1 year of postoperative follow-up were all significantly improved compared with preoperatively (all P < 0.01). At 1 year after surgery, the mean SPK grade and tBUT were slightly, but not significantly, worse than at 1 month after surgery (P = 0.716 and P = 0.632, retrospectively). Three patients were not satisfied with the aesthetic appearance; however, no patient required additional surgery to enhance eyelid closure because of ectropion recurrence or to reopen the tarsorrhaphy during long-term follow-up. Combined lateral tarsal strip with minimal temporal permanent tarsorrhaphy is a quick, safe, and effective surgical technique for the treatment of lower eyelid paralytic ectropion. It produces minimal cosmetic disfigurement and low morbidity during long-term follow-up.
Enhancing the stability and ecological safety of mass‐reared transgenic strains for field release by redundant conditional lethality systems
Authors: Handler Alfred M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe genetic manipulation of agriculturally important insects now allows the development of genetic sexing and male sterility systems for more highly efficient biologically‐based population control programs, most notably the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), for both plant and animal insect pests. Tetracycline‐suppressible (Tet‐off) conditional lethal systems may function together so that transgenic strains will be viable and fertile on a tetracycline‐containing diet, but female‐lethal and male sterile in tetracycline‐free conditions. This would allow their most efficacious use in a unified system for sterile male‐only production for SIT. A critical consideration for the field release of such transgenic insect strains, however, is a determination of the frequency and genetic basis of lethality revertant survival. This will provide knowledge essential to evaluating the genetic stability of the lethality system, its environmental safety, and provide the basis for modifications ensuring optimal efficacy. For Tet‐off lethal survival determinations, development of large‐scale screening protocols should also allow the testing of these modifications, and test the ability of other conditional lethal systems to fully suppress propagation of rare Tet‐off survivors. If a dominant temperature sensitive (DTS) pupal lethality system proves efficient for secondary lethality in Drosophila, it may provide the safeguard needed to support the release of sexing/sterility strains, and potentially, the release of unisex lethality strains as a form of genetic male sterility. Should the DTS Prosβ21 mutation prove effective for redundant lethality, its high level of structural and functional conservation should allow host‐specific cognates to be created for a wide range of insect species.
Patterns of food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population: A nested case–control study
Authors: Moslehi Nazanin , Hosseini‐Esfahani Firoozeh , Hosseinpanah Farhad , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the association between major dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among an Iranian urban population.MethodsThis is a nested case–control study involving 178 cases with T2DM and 520 controls matched for age, gender and the length of follow up who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). A validated food frequency questionnaire, of 168 food items, was used to measure dietary intake, and principal component analysis was used to derive dietary pattern scores. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dietary patterns scores and risk of T2DM.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 43.6 ± 12.0 years and 54% were women. Three dietary patterns, which explained 28.15% total variance, were identified: western, healthy and traditional Iranian patterns. Neither the western nor the healthy dietary patterns were significantly related to the risk of T2DM, but a higher score for the traditional dietary pattern (characterised by high intakes of whole grains, legumes, egg and red meat) was found to be associated with an 18% lower risk of T2DM, after adjustment for relevant confounders (odds ratio per 1‐SD score 0.82 (95% CI 0.67–0.99)).ConclusionsAdherence to the traditional dietary pattern may be associated with reduced risk of T2DM in an Iranian population.
When do we need more data? A primer on calculating the value of information for applied ecologists
Authors: Canessa Stefano , Guillera‐Arroita Gurutzeta , Lahoz‐Monfort José J. , Southwell Darren M. , Armstrong Doug P. , Chadès Iadine , Lacy Robert C. , Converse Sarah J. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Applied ecologists continually advocate further research, under the assumption that obtaining more information will lead to better decisions. Value of information (VoI) analysis can be used to quantify how additional information may improve management outcomes: despite its potential, this method is still underused in environmental decision‐making. We provide a primer on how to calculate the VoI and assess whether reducing uncertainty will change a decision. Our aim is to facilitate the application of VoI by managers who are not familiar with decision‐analytic principles and notation, by increasing the technical accessibility of the tool.

Calculating the VoI requires explicit formulation of management objectives and actions. Uncertainty must be clearly structured and its effects on management outcomes evaluated. We present two measures of the VoI. The expected value of perfect information is a calculation of the expected improvement in management outcomes that would result from access to perfect knowledge. The expected value of sample information calculates the improvement in outcomes expected by collecting a given sample of new data.

We guide readers through the calculation of VoI using two case studies: (i) testing for disease when managing a frog species and (ii) learning about demographic rates for the reintroduction of an endangered turtle. We illustrate the use of Bayesian updating to incorporate new information.

The VoI depends on our current knowledge, the quality of the information collected and the expected outcomes of the available management actions. Collecting information can require significant investments of resources; VoI analysis assists managers in deciding whether these investments are justified.
Diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging is effective to detect ileocolonic ulcerations in Crohn's disease
Authors: Buisson A. , Hordonneau C. , Goutte M. , Boyer L. , Pereira B. , Bommelaer G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundMagnetic resonance entero‐colonography enables accurate assessment of ileocolonic Crohn's disease, but the need for bowel cleansing and rectal enema limits considerably its use in daily practice.AimWe evaluated the accuracy of diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance entero‐colonography with neither bowel cleansing nor rectal enema to assess endoscopic activity.MethodsForty‐four Crohn's disease patients underwent prospectively and consecutively diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance entero‐colonography [with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and Clermont score calculation] and ileocolonoscopy [with Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and Simplified Endoscopic score for Crohn's Disease (SES‐CD) calculation].ResultsMean ADC was inversely correlated with total CDEIS (ρ = −0.40; P = 0.0067) and total SES‐CD (ρ = −0.33; P = 0.032). Considering the 194 segments, ADC was inversely correlated with segmental CDEIS (−0.48; P < 0.001) and segmental SES‐CD (−0.44; P < 0.001). ADC values were lower in segments with deep ulcers (1.30 ± 0.23) or superficial ulcerations (1.75 ± 0.64) than in non‐ulcerated segments (2.15 ± 0.5) (P = 0.001). Using a receiver operating curve, we determined that segmental ADC <1.42 detected endoscopic deep ulcerations with sensitivity = 0.91 and specificity = 0.83 (Area under the curve = 0.84; P < 0.001). Segmental ADC <1.88 detected endoscopic superficial ulcerations with sensitivity = 0.64 and specificity = 0.75. The segmental ADC values decreased when the ulcerations size increased (P = 0.0001). Clermont score correlated with ileal CDEIS (0.63; P < 0.05) and ileal SES‐CD (0.58; P < 0.05). Clermont score was higher in ulcerated segments (23.3 ± 8.4) than in non‐ulcerated segments (12.4 ± 10.0) (P = 0.006) and increased with ulcers size (P = 0.012). Clermont score >18.9 detected ulcerations with sensitivity = 0.79 and specificity = 0.73.ConclusionDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance entero‐colonography using apparent diffusion coefficient and Clermont score was effective to indirectly detect endoscopic ulcerations in ileocolonic Crohn's disease.
Muscle synergies and complexity of neuromuscular control during gait in cerebral palsy
Authors: Steele Katherine M , Rozumalski Adam , Schwartz Michael H 
Published: June 2015

AimIndividuals with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired movement due to a brain injury near birth. Understanding how neuromuscular control is altered in CP can provide insight into pathological movement. We sought to determine if individuals with CP demonstrate reduced complexity of neuromuscular control during gait compared with unimpaired individuals and if changes in control are related to functional ability.MethodMuscle synergies during gait were retrospectively analyzed for 633 individuals (age range 3.9–70y): 549 with CP (hemiplegia, n=122; diplegia, n=266; triplegia, n=73; quadriplegia, n=88) and 84 unimpaired individuals. Synergies were calculated using non‐negative matrix factorization from surface electromyography collected during previous clinical gait analyses. Synergy complexity during gait was compared with diagnosis subtype, functional ability, and clinical examination measures.ResultFewer synergies were required to describe muscle activity during gait in individuals with CP compared with unimpaired individuals. Changes in synergies were related to functional impairment and clinical examination measures including selective motor control, strength, and spasticity.InterpretationIndividuals with CP use a simplified control strategy during gait compared with unimpaired individuals. These results were similar to synergies during walking among adult stroke survivors, suggesting similar neuromuscular control strategies between these clinical populations.