bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective Angiogenesis Delays Thrombus Resolution
Authors: Alias Sherin , Redwan Bassam , Panzenböck Adelheid , Winter Max P. , Schubert Uwe , Voswinckel Robert , Frey Maria K. , Jakowitsch Johannes , Alimohammadi Arman , Hobohm Lukas , Mangold Andreas , Bergmeister Helga , Sibilia Maria , Wagner Erwin F. , Mayer Eckhard , Klepetko Walter , Hölzenbein Thomas J. , Preissner Klaus T. , Lang Irene M. 
Published: February 2014

Objective—
Restoration of patency is a natural target of vascular remodeling after venous thrombosis that involves vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, as well as leukocytes. Acute pulmonary emboli usually resolve <6 months. However, in some instances, thrombi transform into fibrous vascular obstructions, resulting in occlusion of the deep veins, or in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We proposed that dysregulated thrombus angiogenesis may contribute to thrombus persistence.

Approach and Results—
Mice with an endothelial cell–specific conditional deletion of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2/kinase insert domain protein receptor were used in a model of stagnant flow venous thrombosis closely resembling human deep vein thrombosis. Biochemical and functional analyses were performed on pulmonary endarterectomy specimens from patients with CTEPH, a human model of nonresolving venous thromboembolism. Endothelial cell–specific deletion of kinase insert domain protein receptor and subsequent ablation of thrombus vascularization delayed thrombus resolution. In accordance with these findings, organized human CTEPH thrombi were largely devoid of vascular structures. Several vessel-specific genes, such as kinase insert domain protein receptor, vascular endothelial cadherin, and podoplanin, were expressed at lower levels in white CTEPH thrombi than in organizing deep vein thrombi and organizing thrombi from aortic aneurysms. In addition, red CTEPH thrombi attenuated the angiogenic response induced by vascular endothelial growth factor.

Conclusions—
In the present work, we propose a mechanism of thrombus nonresolution demonstrating that endothelial cell–specific deletion of kinase insert domain protein receptor abates thrombus vessel formation, misguiding thrombus resolution. Medical conditions associated with the development of CTEPH may be compromising early thrombus angiogenesis.
Low Oxygen Tension Enhances Endothelial Fate of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Kusuma Sravanti , Peijnenburg Elizabeth , Patel Parth , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: February 2014

Objective—
A critical regulator of the developing or regenerating vasculature is low oxygen tension. Precise elucidation of the role of low oxygen environments on endothelial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells necessitates controlled in vitro differentiation environments.

Approach and Results—

We used a feeder-free, 2-dimensional differentiation system in which we could monitor accurately dissolved oxygen levels during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation toward early vascular cells (EVCs). We found that oxygen uptake rate of differentiating human pluripotent stem cells is lower in 5% O
2
compared with atmospheric conditions. EVCs differentiated in 5% O
2
had an increased vascular endothelial cadherin expression with clusters of vascular endothelial cadherin+ cells surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor β+ cells. When we assessed the temporal effects of low oxygen differentiation environments, we determined that low oxygen environments during the early stages of EVC differentiation enhance endothelial lineage commitment. EVCs differentiated in 5% O
2
exhibited an increased expression of vascular endothelial cadherin and CD31 along with their localization to the membrane, enhanced lectin binding and acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake, rapid cord-like structure formation, and increased expression of arterial endothelial cell markers. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation during the early stages of differentiation abrogated the endothelial inductive effects of the low oxygen environments.

Conclusions—
Low oxygen tension during early stages of EVC derivation induces endothelial commitment and maturation through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, highlighting the importance of regulating oxygen tensions during human pluripotent stem cell-vascular differentiation.
Comparison of Medicare Claims Versus Physician Adjudication for Identifying Stroke Outcomes in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Lakshminarayan Kamakshi , Larson Joseph C. , Virnig Beth , Fuller Candace , Allen Norrina Bai , Limacher Marian , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Safford Monika M. , Burwen Dale R. 
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose—
Many studies use medical record review for ascertaining outcomes. One large, longitudinal study, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), ascertains strokes using participant self-report and subsequent physician review of medical records. This is resource-intensive. Herein, we assess whether Medicare data can reliably assess stroke events in the WHI.

Methods—
Subjects were WHI participants with fee-for-service Medicare. Four stroke definitions were created for Medicare data using discharge diagnoses in hospitalization claims: definition 1, stroke codes in any position; definition 2, primary position stroke codes; and definitions 3 and 4, hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke codes, respectively. WHI data were randomly split into training (50%) and test sets. A concordance matrix was used to examine the agreement between WHI and Medicare stroke diagnosis. A WHI stroke and a Medicare stroke were considered a match if they occurred within ±7 days of each other. Refined analyses excluded Medicare events when medical records were unavailable for comparison.

Results—
Training data consisted of 24 428 randomly selected participants. There were 577 WHI strokes and 557 Medicare strokes using definition 1. Of these, 478 were a match. With regard to algorithm performance, specificity was 99.7%, negative predictive value was 99.7%, sensitivity was 82.8%, positive predictive value was 85.8%, and κ=0.84. Performance was similar for test data. Whereas specificity and negative predictive value exceeded 99%, sensitivity ranged from 75% to 88% and positive predictive value ranged from 80% to 90% across stroke definitions.

Conclusions—
Medicare data seem useful for population-based stroke research; however, performance characteristics depend on the definition selected.
On the Demography of Ugaritian Villages: A Research Note
Authors: Vidal Jordi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to estimate the population of Ugaritian villages according to the information provided by the textrs94.2411 (published asrsou 18 1). The data recorded in this text force us to correct previous studies on this question. The study of the geographical distribution of the population shows that the majority of people are concentrated in coastal villages and settlements surrounding the city of Ugarit, while mountain regions were sparsely populated.
Chinese Domestic Interiors and “Consumer Constraint” in Qing China: Evidence from Yangzhou
Authors: Finnane Antonia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn works that have profoundly influenced contemporary views of China’s economic growth relative to the Europe’s in the sixteenth to nineteenth centuries, Jan De Vries has concluded that “the East Asian industrious revolution is very much a supply-side phenomenon”, while Kenneth Pomeranz and R. Bin Wong among others have concluded that consumer restraint was a characteristic of eighteenth century society. These views are not supported by economic behaviour in Qing Yangzhou, where middle-brow writings show a marked attention to household décor and a high level of interest in material goods, including imports.
Rural Pension Politics in Taiwan: The Institutional Explanation and Implications for East Asian Agricultural Welfare Development
Authors: Lin Yei-Whei 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn East Asia, until recently, pension demands emerging from the rural sector have been neglected by many governments. In order to further the nascent scholarship in this field, this paper selects Taiwan’s case for analysis. More specifically, after conducting an historical institutional study of policy evolution over the last two decades it is found that in spite of depeasantization the interplay between rural income deficiencies, electoral interests and the feedback impacts of introduced programs has led to rural pension expansion. However, clientelistic pension politics is now being challenged by the government chiefly because it is uneconomical and has constituted the major obstruction to more programmatic reform acts being contemplated by state pension bureaucrats. Finally, regarding further policy debates on this sector-specific welfare provision Taiwan’s case raises a series of theoretical implications concerning East Asian agricultural welfare during the post-agricultural era.
Debates around Cultural Re-imaging and Culture-led Urban Regeneration: The Politics of two Festivals in Gwangju and Glasgow
Authors: Shin HaeRan , Shin HaeRan , Stevens Quentin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this study, we look at the cultural politics surrounding the narratives of cultural festivals in Gwangju, South Korea and Glasgow, Scotland. These two cities illustrate both a general obsession to become world-class, and intervening efforts toward achieving world ranking. Through archives and in-depth interviews with key actors from the Gwangju Biennale and Glasgow’s West End Festival, this study observes how different narratives regarding urban cultural festivals interact. It also takes a closer look at how instrumental narratives behind these events constrain community involvement. Our findings suggest that both cities adopted an instrumental approach to their cultural festivals. In both cases, the instrumental focus of festival organizers curtails community participation, by focusing on professionalism in both the public and private sectors. Community groups challenged the approach at different levels. We argue that cultural festivals are places where different narratives, such as goal-oriented instrumentalism and self-realisation, interact, compete, and negotiate with each other. We also demonstrate that an instrumental approach in the awareness of urban competition drives the direction and meaning of both the cultural festival itself and the community involvement in it.
Science, New Worlds, and the Classical Tradition: An Introduction
Authors: Davies Surekha 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The articles in this volume offer interventions in the history of encounters between new worlds and the intellectual traditions inherited from and informed by classical antiquity, in the period roughly spanning 1450-1850. Ranging in scope from medical treatments to devil-worship, from cosmography to climate theory, from rhetorical colloquies to the interpretation of widow-burning, they show how early modern scholars, artisans, and travelers drew on multiple cultural traditions within Europe, as well as on indigenous knowledge networks in Asia, Africa, Oceania, and the Americas, in their attempts to incorporate new information into their existing world-view.
The Southern Indian “Devil in Calicut” in Early Modern Northern Europe: Images, Texts and Objects in Motion
Authors: Spinks Jennifer 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
For sixteenth-century Europeans, the so-called demon and idol known as the “devil in Calicut” vividly epitomized the town of Calicut on India’s Malabar coast. Ludovico di Varthema’s textual invention of the devil in 1510 was rapidly followed by a range of visual images that circulated in print. This article explores how and why the most persistent and vigorous images of this devil emerged from Reformation and Counter-Reformation northern Europe. It further proposes that aspects of the visual and material culture of southern India—and specifically metal sculptures and coins—should be mined in order to better understand the European creation of the “devil in Calicut” and its constant reinvention and circulation. The article argues that the devil maintained its polemical usefulness to a northern European world view in which the heresy of non-Europeans mattered a great deal, but so too did religious changes in Europe that were shaping views about idolatry, materiality, and the role of religious images.
The Problem of Sati: John Locke’s Moral Anthropology and the Foundations of Natural Law
Authors: Carey Daniel 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
John Locke’s philosophical engagement with the phenomenon of the ritual suicide of the sati—the Hindu wife who self-immolated following her husband’s death—has escaped attention from scholars despite substantial critical interest in early modern European reflection on this cultural and religious tradition by travelers and commentators. Locke cited the practice in early manuscripts in which he formulated his position on natural law and innateness. Against the view that general consent provided a foundation for natural law he drew attention to sati as evidence against self-preservation as a universally shared belief. He again referred to sati when he attacked the notion of innate moral principles in 1671. However, sati remained a problem for Locke, and this essay investigates why he dropped it from his repertoire of examples in his published work, especially An Essay concerning Human Understanding (1690). I trace this decision to Locke’s need to preserve hedonism as a principle of motivation; his divergent anthropologies in the Essay and in the Two Treatises of Government; and finally to the influence of his reading of François Bernier and Abraham Roger, which led him to draw sati into an alternative anthropology of religious enthusiasm.
The Tenacious Travels of the Torrid Zone and the Global Dimensions of Geographical Knowledge in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Safier Neil 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article sets out to explore the longevity and tenacity of the torrid zone as an explanatory mechanism for describing the cultural characteristics of those populations living between the tropics during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. By examining a series of colonizing missions and scientific expeditions to the New World, it argues that long before the iconic voyage of Alexander von Humboldt, which is thought to inaugurate a modern conception of the tropics, European travelers and natural philosophers were molding earlier geographical theories in ways that extended the life of certain pejorative stereotypes about non-European peoples. As such, it represents an important example of how geographical knowledge traveled across imperial lines and, more importantly, challenges scholars to use more expansive temporal ranges that normally separate the pre-European history of the Americas from its post-conquest phase.
Plato’s Saving Mūthos: The Language of Salvation in the Republic
Authors: Adluri Vishwa 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article discusses the Homeric background of the Republic with the aim of elucidating Plato’s critique of Homeric nostos. It argues that the Republic unfolds as a nostos voyage, with Socrates striving to steer the soul home. Even though Segal has already argued for seeing the Republic as an Odyssean voyage, this article suggests that Plato does more than simply borrow the idea of a voyage as a metaphor for the wanderings of the soul. Rather, there is an implicit critique of Homer as the “poet of Becoming” in the dialogue. Thus, reading the Republic in the context of other Platonic dialogues such as the Cratylus and Theaetetus where Socrates identifies Homer as the source of the view that Ocean is the origin of all things (Crat. 402b, Theaet. 180d) and that everything is in flux (Theaet. 180d) allows us to better appreciate Socrates’ critique of poets in the Republic. At stake in this critique is ultimately the question of the soul’s true nostos, which Plato identifies with a vertical ascent (Rep. 521c, 532b) to Being rather than with a temporary homecoming within Becoming. This article contributes to the elucidation of the Homeric and pre-Socratic background of Platonic philosophy. It undertakes a literary reading of the Republic against the background of the hero’s journey motif. Specifically, it argues that Plato critiques and emends the Odyssean nostos in order to make space for Parmenidean ontology, thus forging a new understanding of salvation.
First-Passage-Time Prototypes for Precipitation Statistics
Authors: Stechmann Samuel N. , Neelin J. David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrototype models are presented for time series statistics of precipitation and column water vapor. In these models, precipitation events begin when the water vapor reaches a threshold value and end when it reaches a slightly lower threshold value, as motivated by recent observational and modeling studies. Using a stochastic forcing to parameterize moisture sources and sinks, this dynamics of reaching a threshold is a first-passage-time problem that can be solved analytically. Exact statistics are presented for precipitation event sizes and durations, for which the model predicts a probability density function (pdf) with a power law with exponent −. The range of power-law scaling extends from a characteristic small-event size to a characteristic large-event size, both of which are given explicitly in terms of the precipitation rate and water vapor variability. Outside this range, exponential scaling of event-size probability is shown. Furthermore, other statistics can be computed analytically, including cloud fraction, the pdf of water vapor, and the conditional mean and variance of precipitation (conditioned on the water vapor value). These statistics are compared with observational data for the transition to strong convection; the stochastic prototype captures a set of properties originally analyzed by analogy to critical phenomena. In a second prototype model, precipitation is further partitioned into deep convective and stratiform episodes. Additional exact statistics are presented, including stratiform rain fraction and cloud fractions, that suggest that even very simple temporal transition rules (for stratiform rain continuing after convective rain) can capture aspects of the role of stratiform precipitation in observed precipitation statistics.
Interannual Seesaw between the Somali and the Australian Cross-Equatorial Flows and its Connection to the East Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Li Chen , Li Shuanglin 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The correlations among the summer, low-level, cross-equatorial flows (CEFs) over the Indian–west Pacific Ocean region on the interannual time scale are investigated by using both the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) datasets. A significant negative correlation (seesaw) has been illustrated between the Somali CEF and the three CEFs north of Australia (the South China Sea, Celebes Sea, and New Guinea; they are referred to in combination as the Australian CEF). A seesaw index is thus defined with a higher (lower) value representing an intensified (weakened) Somali CEF but a weakened (intensified) Australian CEF. The connection of the seesaw with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is then investigated. The results suggest that an enhanced seesaw corresponds to an intensified EASM with more rainfall in north China, the Yellow River valley, and the upper reach of the Yangtze River. The seesaw reflects the opposite covariability between the two atmospheric action centers in the Southern Hemisphere, Mascarene subtropical high, and Australian subtropical high. Whether the seesaw–EASM connection is influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the Indian Ocean SST dipole mode (IOD) is analyzed. The results remain unchanged when the ENSO- or IOD-related signals are excluded, although ENSO exerts a significant influence. This implies an additional predictability for the EASM from the CEF seesaw.
Coupling of Sea Level Rise, Tidal Amplification, and Inundation
Authors: Holleman Rusty C. , Stacey Mark T. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
With the global sea level rising, it is imperative to quantify how the dynamics of tidal estuaries and embayments will respond to increased depth and newly inundated perimeter regions. With increased depth comes a decrease in frictional effects in the basin interior and altered tidal amplification. Inundation due to higher sea level also causes an increase in planform area, tidal prism, and frictional effects in the newly inundated areas. To investigate the coupling between ocean forcing, tidal dynamics, and inundation, the authors employ a high-resolution hydrodynamic model of San Francisco Bay, California, comprising two basins with distinct tidal characteristics. Multiple shoreline scenarios are simulated, ranging from a leveed scenario, in which tidal flows are limited to present-day shorelines, to a simulation in which all topography is allowed to flood. Simulating increased mean sea level, while preserving original shorelines, produces additional tidal amplification. However, flooding of adjacent low-lying areas introduces frictional, intertidal regions that serve as energy sinks for the incident tidal wave. Net tidal amplification in most areas is predicted to be lower in the sea level rise scenarios. Tidal dynamics show a shift to a more progressive wave, dissipative environment with perimeter sloughs becoming major energy sinks. The standing wave southern reach of the bay couples more strongly back to the central portion of the bay, in contrast to the progressive wave northern reach of the bay. Generation of the M4 overtide is also found to vary between scenarios and is a nonnegligible contributor to net changes in high water elevation.
Signal Design to Suppress Coupling in the Polarimetric Phased Array Radar
Authors: Zrnić D. S. , Doviak R. J. , Melnikov V. M. , Ivić I. R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractExamined are two related modes of polarimetric signal transmission that reduce coupling between the orthogonal components of received signals. For the surveillance scan with large unambiguous range and the simultaneous mode of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) transmission, pulse-to-pulse coding is suggested. It relaxes conditions on cross-coupling isolation from about 45 to about 25 dB while preserving the unambiguous range of over 460 km. For application to systematic codes during Doppler data acquisition, time-multiplexed (back to back) H and V pulses are proposed. This approach also relaxes the cross-coupling isolation to about 25 dB. These theoretically predicted values agree with those obtained by emulating the two schemes using oversampled time series data.