bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary results of dandelion cultivation under different seeding rates and harvest regimes
Authors: Basso Elena , Pornaro Cristina , Zanin Giampaolo , Giannini Michele , Macolino Stefano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the past, several wild plants were widely consumed as food by humans. Dandelion [Taraxacum officinale (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg] is a wild species with remarkable nutritional and medicinal properties. Many studies have investigated the chemical components of the plant for human health. Nonetheless, little research has been carried out on the cultivation and related production of this species. With this study, we intend to investigate some cultural practices to start defining an efficient protocol for dandelion cultivation in northern Italy. Two seeding rates (0.14 and 0.55 g m−2) and two harvest regimes (when leaves reached a length of 20 cm and 1 week later) were compared. Leaf fresh weight yield was determined at each harvest, and the following morphological parameters were measured: plant height, number of plants per square meter, number of leaves per square meter, leaf area index, number of leaves per plant, leaf weight, and specific leaf weight. The productivity of dandelion was found to be unaffected by the seeding rate, and no significant differences were found between harvest regimes. The delayed harvest regime was only advantageous at the first cut as it allowed for a longer establishment phase, resulting in a higher yield. The nitrate content in the leaves differed between the first two cuts and the third and fourth cuts with both harvest regimes and both sowing rates.
Evaluating the yield of surviving plants from early‐season hail damage in corn: A field survey
Authors: Lisboa I. P. , Proctor C. A. , Elmore R. W. , McMechan A. J. , Mueller N. D. , Wilson J. , Zobeck G. , Nygren A. , Bastidas A. , Ortez O. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEconomic losses due to hailstorms across US corn fields occur every year. Hailstorms result in leaf defoliation, decreasing photosynthetic area and impairing carbon assimilation and crop yield for all corn (Zea mays L.) development stages. However, more attention is often given to stand reductions rather than damage to stems or leaf defoliation. During the 2014 growing season, a natural hail event affected many areas of eastern Nebraska. Twelve affected corn fields were surveyed and included in this study. An injury score scale (1–5) was developed based on various injury and severity levels before the V6 (6‐leaf corn growth stage) (six‐collared leaves). Scores were assigned to affected fields approximately 10–15 days after the hailstorm. At the end of the growing season, ears were harvested, and grain yield per plant was determined. The highest grain yield (p < 0.05) was recorded with plants that were affected but retained a main stem in good condition, albeit defoliation was present (score 1, lowest damage category). In contrast, when the main stem was cut and the plant had poor regrowth (score 3), yields were reduced by approximately 53% compared to plants with an injury score of 1. A significant negative linear relationship (R2 = 0.63, p < 0.01) between injury score and yield was observed (higher injury score from hail events resulted in lower yields). Based on these results, corn yield reduction due to plant injury from hail events before V6 should not be only attributed to stand reductions. Our findings indicate an opportunity to adjust the US evaluation standards for early‐season hail damage events in corn fields.
Representing cropping systems with the MEMS 2 ecosystem model
Authors: Zhang Yao , King Alison E. , Hamilton Emma , Cotrufo M. Francesca 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCroplands have been the focus of substantial investigation due to their considerable potential for sequestering carbon. Understanding the potential for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and necessary management strategies will be enabled with accurate process‐based models. Accurately representing crop growth and agricultural practices will be critical for realistic SOC modeling. The MEMS 2 model incorporates a current understanding of SOC formation and stabilization, measurable SOC pools, and deep SOC dynamics and is seen as a highly promising tool to inform management intervention for SOC sequestration. Thus far, MEMS 2 has been developed to represent grasslands. In this study, we further developed MEMS 2 to model annual grain crops and common agricultural practices, such as irrigation, fertilization, harvesting, and tillage. Using four Ameriflux sites, we demonstrated an accurate simulation of crop growth and development. Model performance was strong for simulating aboveground biomass (index of agreement [d] range of 0.89–0.98) and green leaf area index (d from 0.90 to 0.96) across corn, soybean, and winter wheat. Good agreement with observations was also achieved for net ecosystem CO2 exchange (d from 0.90 to 0.96), evapotranspiration (d from 0.91 to 0.94), and soil temperature (d of 0.96), while discrepancy with the available soil water content data remain (d from 0.14 to 0.81 at four depths to 100 cm). While we will continue model testing and improvement, MEMS 2 (version 2.14) has now demonstrated its ability to effectively simulate the growth of common grain crops and practices.
Rice breeding for multi‐canopy system: Estimations of genetic parameters and response to selection
Authors: Sholehah Ma'rifatus , Suwarno Willy Bayuardi , Hapsari Vany Putri , Sulistyo Nisfia Nurfirdausy , Marwiyah Siti , Aswidinnoor Hajrial 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne strategy currently being developed to increase rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity is using a multi‐canopy cropping system in rice cultivation. This method involves planting tall and short rice genotypes in the same hill. The objective of this experiment was to estimate the genetic parameters and response to selection in multi‐canopy rice. Each experiment was arranged in an augmented randomized complete block design with five replications for the checks. In the first planting season, 200 F3 families from IPB196 and IPB197 populations were planted in monoculture and multi‐canopy as the short genotypes. IPB187‐F‐40‐1‐1 was used in multi‐canopy as the tall genotype. Selection of 25% based on grain weight per hill of short genotype in multi‐canopy was performed, and 50 families were selected and their F4 seeds were planted in the second season along with the same tall genotype. The results indicated the genotype × cropping system was significant for grain weight per hill in the F3 and F4 generations. Grain weight per hill has a similar realized h2ns in the multi‐canopy (0.58) with monoculture (0.54). Meanwhile, the response to selection in multi‐canopy (3.60) was higher compared to monoculture (2.09), and therefore the selection of rice lines for a multi‐canopy system should be conducted in the multi‐canopy environment. A selection percentage of 5% resulted in a higher response to selection. These findings may provide insight into the acceleration of breeding rice varieties for the multi‐canopy system.
Cerium (III)‐MOF as a photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution from water splitting
Authors: Gu Jia‐Xin , Zhao Peng‐Cheng , Lin Wei , Deng Jie , Chao Zi‐Sheng , Jin Hong‐Guang 
Published: July 2024

Exploring the photocatalytic application of cerium‐based metal–organic frameworks (Ce‐MOFs) has attracted special interest due to the high abundance, low cost, and easy availability of Ce as well as the presence of low energy 4f orbitals and redox Ce (III)/(IV) couple. However, in contrast to the recent emerging study on the development of Ce (IV)‐MOFs as photocatalysts, there are few reports focusing on the photocatalytic performance of Ce (III)‐MOFs. Meanwhile, research on comparing the photocatalytic properties of rare‐earth lanthanide (Ln) ions has rarely been reported. Herein, a novel Ce (III)‐MOF with a formula of (Ce)6(BDC)9(DMF)6(H2O)3·(DMF)3, named CSUST‐4 (CSUST stands for Changsha University of Science and Technology), was successfully synthesized and characterized. The comprehensive analysis of the Ce‐O distance and Ce 3d spectra of CSUST‐4, mixed‐valence Ce (III/IV)‐MOF CSUST‐1, and Ce (IV)‐MOF CSUST‐3 demonstrated that the Ce‐O distance (O from the oxo bridge) can be used as an important reference to assign the valence state of Ce in Ce‐MOFs while the satellite peak around 916.0 eV attributed to Ce (IV) can be utilized to distinguish Ce (IV)‐containing Ce‐MOFs from Ce (III)‐MOFs. Furthermore, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) property of CSUST‐4 by water splitting was also studied, and by utilizing isostructural MOFs CSUST‐4‐Ln (Ln = La, Nd, Eu, Er, Yb) as platforms, the PHE performances of these Ln ions were compared, which evidenced that Ce is a suitable Ln ion to construct MOF materials for PHE in terms of cost and performance. This work contributes to the development of the Ce‐MOF field as well as sheds light on advancing Ce (III)‐MOFs toward potential photocatalytic application.
Deeper Insight into the Mechanisms Behind Sputter Damage in Silicon Solar Cells Based on the Example of Nanocrystalline Silicon Carbide
Authors: Eberst Alexander , Xu Binbin , Bittkau Karsten , Duan Weiyuan , Lambertz Andreas , Meise Ansgar , Heggen Marc , Dunin‐Borkowski Rafal E. , Rau Uwe , Ding Kaining 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransparent conducting oxides, like indium tin oxide, enable lateral charge carrier transport in silicon heterojunction solar cells. However, their deposition can damage the passivation quality in the solar cell. This damage during the sputter deposition is a complex issue that has not been fully understood, particularly in various silicon‐based materials like amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or nanocrystalline silicon carbide. The degradation in passivation quality observed in, for example, amorphous silicon is not only explainable by UV light degradation. This study explores the origin of this degradation based on the example of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon carbide by combining simulations with experimental analyses. It delves into potential sources of damage during the sputtering process and determines that neither primary nor secondary effects from plasma luminescence or electron bombardment are likely contributors to the damage. Similarly, the implantation of ions, as well as the creation of vacancies and ionization of lattice atoms, are also considered improbable causes. It is, however, proposed that the transfer of energy to the crystalline silicon interface via phonons can factor into the degradation of the passivation quality. This transfer might be a plausible explanation for the damage observed in the passivation layers during the sputtering process.
An Extremely Pseudo‐Plastic, Organic Crystal‐Based Concentric‐Ring‐Resonator Coupled Optical Waveguide
Authors: Kumar Avulu Vinod , Manoharan Deepak , Khapre Ankur , Ghosh Soumyajit , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe precise shaping of optical waveguides is crucial for advancing photonic circuit technologies. In this study, the first fabrication of a resonator is introduced with coiled circular geometry(CCG) using pseudo‐plastic microcrystals of 6,6′‐((1E,1′E)‐hydrazine‐1,2‐diylidenebis(methaneylylidene))bis(2,4‐dibromophenol), HDBP. The molecular packing supported by type‐II inter‐molecular halogen bonding and hydrogen bonding provides an exceptional strain‐holding capacity for HDBP crystals. This property enables the creation of compact CCGs with three interconnected turns utilizing an atomic force microscopy cantilever tip‐based mechanophotonics technique. This CCG acts as a concentric ring‐resonator (CRR) that splits and routes light in clockwise and anticlockwise directions along circular turns, providing optical interference. Subsequently, an HDBP optical waveguide is integrated with the CRR, resulting in the development of the organic crystal‐based optical filter. The modulation observed in optical modes’ wavelengths and their intensities in the waveguide when coupled with CRR shows optical filter functionality. This fabricated device holds promise for applications in high‐fidelity sensing, precision micro‐measurements, and optical quantum processing technologies, showcasing the potential of organic crystals in advancing photonics.
Another Notch in the Belt of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Zack Stephanie R. , Alzoubi Osama , Satoeya Neha , Singh Kunwar P. , Deen Sania , Nijim Wes , Lewis Myles J. , Pitzalis Costantino , Sweiss Nadera , Ivashkiv Lionel B. , Shahrara Shiva 
Published: July 2024

Notch ligands and receptors, including JAG1/2, DLL1/4, and Notch1/3, are enriched on macrophages (MΦs), fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS), and/or endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with normal synovial tissues (ST). Power Doppler ultrasound‐guided ST studies reveal that the Notch family is highly involved in early active RA, especially during neovascularization. In contrast, the Notch family is not implicated during the erosive stage, evidenced by their lack of correlation with radiographic damage in RA ST. Toll‐like receptors and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are the common inducers of Notch expression in RA MΦs, FLS, and endothelial cells. Among Notch ligands, JAG1 and/or DLL4 are most inducible by inflammatory responses in RA MΦs or endothelial cells and transactivate their receptors on RA FLS. TNF plays a central role on Notch ligands, as anti‐TNF good responders display JAG1/2 and DLL1/4 transcriptional downregulation in RA ST myeloid cells. In in vitro studies, TNF increases Notch3 expression in MΦs, which is further amplified by RA FLS addition. Specific disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs reduced JAG1 and Notch3 expression in MΦ and RA FLS cocultures. Organoids containing FLS and endothelial cells have increased expression of JAG1 and Notch3. Nonetheless, Methotrexate, interleukin‐6 receptor (IL‐6R) antibodies, and B cell blockers are mostly ineffective at decreasing Notch family expression. NF‐κB, MAPK, and AKT pathways are involved in Notch signaling, whereas JAK/STATs are not. Although Notch blockade has been effective in RA preclinical studies, its small molecule inhibitors have failed in phase I and II studies, suggesting that alternative strategies may be required to intercept their function.image
Considerations and perspectives on the practice of incurred sample reanalysis assessment for chiral drugs
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally R. , Kallem Raja Reddy , Bartlett Michael G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiven the inherent complexities of bioanalysis, the role of incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) is increasingly appreciated in regulatory bioanalysis. Incurred sample reanalysis has evolved as an integral part of an assay to ensure method reproducibility. The current regulatory ISR guidelines do not provide clarity regarding ISR assessment for chiral drugs comprising enantiomers. Because chiral assays evaluate two enantiomers, there are additional complexities associated with the ISR data generation and interpretation. Based on the current literature, the practices for conducting ISR in chiral methods were reviewed and assessed. While ISR was conducted in chiral methods for both enantiomers using the acceptance criteria prescribed for non‐chiral methods, there may be a need to streamline the nuances of ISR data interpretation and define the ISR requirements for chiral methods. The article provides perspectives on the ISR of enantiomeric drugs, including strategy development, by providing various hypothetical scenarios and possible considerations for defining ISR evaluation for chiral assays.
Explainable artificial intelligence in breast cancer detection and risk prediction: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Ghasemi Amirehsan , Hashtarkhani Soheil , Schwartz David L. , Shaban‐Nejad Arash 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the advances in artificial intelligence (AI), data‐driven algorithms are becoming increasingly popular in the medical domain. However, due to the nonlinear and complex behavior of many of these algorithms, decision‐making by such algorithms is not trustworthy for clinicians and is considered a black‐box process. Hence, the scientific community has introduced explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to remedy the problem. This systematic scoping review investigates the application of XAI in breast cancer detection and risk prediction. We conducted a comprehensive search on Scopus, IEEE Explore, PubMed, and Google Scholar (first 50 citations) using a systematic search strategy. The search spanned from January 2017 to July 2023, focusing on peer‐reviewed studies implementing XAI methods in breast cancer datasets. Thirty studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. The results revealed that SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is the top model‐agnostic XAI technique in breast cancer research in terms of usage, explaining the model prediction results, diagnosis and classification of biomarkers, and prognosis and survival analysis. Additionally, the SHAP model primarily explained tree‐based ensemble machine learning models. The most common reason is that SHAP is model agnostic, which makes it both popular and useful for explaining any model prediction. Additionally, it is relatively easy to implement effectively and completely suits performant models, such as tree‐based models. Explainable AI improves the transparency, interpretability, fairness, and trustworthiness of AI‐enabled health systems and medical devices and, ultimately, the quality of care and outcomes.
The role of parents' attitudes towards children's use of communication technologies and school climate in coping with cyberbullying among high school students in Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz Beyza , Aydoğan Selin Nur , Koçyiğit Elif 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, cyberbullying is discussed through the school–family–child triangle. The research was conducted to examine how high school students' coping levels with cyberbullying are affected by the school climate and their parents' attitudes towards children's use of information and communication technologies. The research, which was conducted with both parents and students, was carried out with a quantitative method, survey model, and relational design. The data collection tool prepared for students consists of the sociodemographic information questionnaire, the Coping with Cyberbullying Scale and the School Climate Scale. The data collection tool prepared for parents consists of the sociodemographic information questionnaire and the Parents' Attitudes Towards Children's Use of Information Communication Technologies Scale. Four hundred fifty students in the 9–11th grades and 203 parents studying in two public high schools in Çankaya district of Ankara province were reached. The answers given by the students and their parents to the questionnaires were analysed separately and by matching the parent and student questionnaires of the students whose parents also filled out the questionnaire. Of the students, 82.4% had encountered cyberbullying. Girls have higher coping skills with cyberbullying than boys (p < 0.05). Parents' control and restrictions on their children's technology use were found to be high.
When consumers prefer visual blessing frame design on gift packaging: The role of interpersonal distance
Authors: Ouyang Jun , Zhou Kun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExisting literature on gift‐giving mainly views gifts and blessings as intertwined into a single entity. Our research, however, has found that visual blessing frames—visual boundaries that encircle the blessing text—can separate blessings from gifts and emphasize the blessings, thereby satisfying givers who choose gifts for interpersonally distant recipients. Across three experiments (involving a total of 1228 participants) via the Credamo platform, we explored the interplay between visual blessing frames and giver‐recipient interpersonal distance on gift evaluation. Specifically, when choosing gifts for interpersonally distant recipients, givers favor gifts adorned with visual blessing frames over those without such designs; however, this effect is attenuated when choosing gifts for close recipients. Moreover, we demonstrate that this effect is driven by givers' perception that visual blessing frames strengthen blessings. These findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge on visual frames and gift‐giving, while also offering practical implications for gift packaging designers.
Left ventricular myxoma with carcinoid heart disease: A case report of a 14‐year‐old child from Jimma Medical Center of Ethiopia
Authors: Asefa Elsah Tegene , Woyimo Tamirat Godebo , Tukeni Kedir Negesso 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageUnderstand the importance of considering alternative diagnosis in patients presenting with atypical features, specially when they are not responding to the standard treatment. Understand the importance of considering common presentations of rare cases. Underscoring the critical importance of timely recognition and appropriate management of potentially life‐threatening conditions.
Intensifying Hydrogen Evolution in Solid–Liquid MgH2 Hydrolysis Reaction by a High Shear Reactor
Authors: Qin Hongyun , Dong Zixu , Yu Rujun , Chen Xia , Song Feng , Guo Junheng , Jia Yun , Fu Qiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe reactor is very critical to intensify the reaction rate controlled by mass transfer. Solid magnesium hydride (MgH2) shows great advantages in hydrogen storage; however, poor liquid–solid hydrolysis kinetics limit its application. Various chemical reactors were explored and are used to improve the hydrolysis efficiency. Results show that the mixing style could affect the surface coating behavior. Specifically, the higher temperature and mixing strength could promote the MgH2 hydrolysis. Furthermore, induced crystallization could effectively relieve coating and strengthen the hydrolysis, especially at the high mixing level. The result indicated that the mass transfer distance between crystal seed and formed MgH2 particles played an important role in MgH2 hydrolysis.
Dielectrophoretic Capture and Electrochemical Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay of Single Melanoma Cells at an Array of Interlocked Spiral Bipolar Electrodes
Authors: Clark Morgan J. , Moser Hanna J. , Anand Robbyn K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnalysis of single cancer cells is critical to obtain accurate patient diagnosis and prognosis. In this work, we report the selective dielectrophoretic capture and electrochemical analysis of single melanoma cells at an array of interlocked spiral bipolar electrodes (iBPEs). Following dielectrophoretic capture, individual melanoma cells are hydrodynamically transferred into picoliter‐scale chambers for subsequent analysis. The interlocked spiral end of the iBPE (the sensing pole) is utilized to read out an electrochemical enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (eELISA), which quantifies the expression of a cell surface antigen, melanoma cell adhesion marker (MCAM). The opposite pole of each BPE is located in a fluidically isolated compartment containing reagents for electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), such that luminescence reports iBPE current. In a preliminary device design, the ECL intensity was insufficient to detect MCAM expression on single cells. To achieve single‐cell analysis, we decreased the gap size between the interlocked spirals tenfold (5.0 μm to 0.5 μm), thereby creating a more sensitive biosensor by enhanced redox cycling of the product of eELISA. This work is significant because it allows for the selective isolation and sensitive analysis of individual melanoma cells in a device amenable to point‐of‐care (POC) application by combining dielectrophoresis (DEP) with interdigitated bipolar electrodes (IDBPEs).