bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition of the Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation of Proterozoic Rewa Group of the Vindhyan Basin, M.P., India: A Reappraisal
Authors: Verma Anju , Shukla U. K. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation of the Rewa Group in the Vindhyan basin is composed mainly of medium to very fine grained, iron pigmented arenaceous rocks variously interpreted as fluvial, marine or continental deposits. The Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation consists of channelized, laterally shifting sand bodies comprising 1-2 m thick fining upward (FU) sharply/erosionally based cycles. Each shoaling bar cycle is characterized by presence of large scale planar and trough cross-bedding, horizontal bedding showing primary parting lineation, wave and current ripples, herringbone cross-bedding and tidal bundles with double mud-drapes and indicates marine environment of deposition and rule out the possibility of continental sedimentation. However, channelized nature of sand bodies composed of shoaling bar cycles with signatures of wave modification and exposure in the lower part of the succession and well developed horizontally bedded lithofacies showing primary parting lineation and well sorted character of sandstones in the upper part of the succession may imply deposition under subtidal to intertidal setting in estuarine to bordering beach environments. The palaeocurrent study shows polymodal to bimodal and unimodal palaeocurrent patterns. The dominant polymodal palaeocurrent patterns with temporal trends directed towards NW, N and SW also corroborate marine origin and sediment dispersal under combined action of wave and currents. Petrographically, sandstone is quartzarenite and consists of mostly monocrystalline quartz, feldspar, mica, rock-fragments and heavy minerals such as hypersthene, zircon, hornblende, tourmaline, rutile, augite, kyanite and andalusite indicating sediment contribution from mixed sedimentary/metamorphic and igneous source terrain. Qm-F-Lt and Qt- F-Lt plots reveal that the Upper Rewa Sandstone Formation shows continental block province with stable craton (C) and in uplifted basement (B) where C&gt;B.
Geochemical Analysis of Groundwater Samples in the Vicinity of Lakes and Drainage Network
Authors: Sankaran S. , Sundararajan N. , Khadija S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Geochemical analysis of ground water samples in the vicinity of lakes and drainage network were carried out in and around a selected set of polluted lakes in the city of Hyderabad, India for possible restoration of the polluted lakes from the state of eutrophication. The results reveal, in general the concentration of TDS and major ions higher in the down stream areas due to shallow water table as well as seepage from lakes and nalas. Further, the concentration of trace elements in ground water was found to be within the permissible limits. The Piper and Wilcox diagrams indicate that the ground water in the study area has low sodium and high salinity hazard.
Characterizations of Humic Acid Isolated from Coals of Two Nagaland Coalfields of India in Relation to their Origin
Authors: Das Tonkeswar , Saikia B. K. , Baruah B. P. , Das Dhrubajyoti 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In the present study, the humic acid isolated from coals of two coalfields of Nagaland, India has been characterized by Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in relation to their origin. The humic acid reveals a high degree of humification with predominantly aromatic content, which is considered to be type-A humic acid.
Identification and Significance of CH4-rich Fluid Inclusions in Langdu Skarn Cu Deposit, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Ren Tao , Ma Meijuan 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Single-phase CH4 and two-phase CH4-rich fluid inclusions were identified at Langdu skarn Cu deposit in Zhongdian area, southwest China. Microthermometric results confirm that the single-phase CH4 fluid inclusions are homogenized to liquid from −118.3°C to −114.2°C, and two-phase CH4-rich fluid inclusions partly homogenized from −87.5 °C to −84.7 °C. Laser Raman micospectroscopic analyses show that vapors of the fluid inclusions are dominant of CH4 with minor N2. The two-phase CH4-rich fluid inclusions allow the determination of the fluid temperature (300°C to 400°C) and pressure (1014 bars to 1484 bars) during mineralization, suggesting that ore formation took place at 3.8 to 4.8 km depth under lithostatic pressure. CH4 contained in the fluid inclusions most likely formed by the reaction 2C + 2H2O=CH4+CO2 between carbonaceous slate from Qugasi Formation and hydrothermal fluids either in situ or during migration. CH4 (and/or N2) will greatly expand the field of vapor/liquid immiscibility and will act as reducing agent which transforms SO42– to S2– that is essential anion for sulfide deposition. Numerous massive sulfide deposits (chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite) reflect that physical and chemical condition of hydrothermal fluid and significant change would be caused by CH4.
A Comprehensive View from Geophysical Signatures over Chitradurga Schist Belt, Karnataka
Authors: Rama Rao J.V. , Balakrishna B. , Murty N.V.S , Ajaykumar P. , Ramakrishna Rao M. V. , Acharya R. S. , Sankaram S. P. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Geology of Chitradurga Schist Belt (CSB) from Gadag to Srirangapatna, as inferred from the gravity and magnetic data analysis and supportive evidences from digitized Airborne Total count map is presented in this paper. Significant inferences have emerged from the integrated geophysical analysis coupled with geological information. Pattern, continuity and intensity of anomalies indicate that CSB can be viewed as three sectors; northern (Gadag), central (Chitdradurga) and southern (Nagamangala). Qualitatively geophysical signatures are diagnostic for the purpose of broad classification of the area into different geological domains such as granite-gneissic (gravity lows, fluctuating magnetic values and moderate radiometric counts), metavolcanic (gravity highs, magnetic highs and radiometric lows), metasedimentary (moderate gravity low, low magnetic values and moderate radiometric values) and granitic (gravity low, magnetic high and radiometric high) regions. Images prepared from gravity, magnetic and radiometric values indicated possibility of an additional arm of the schist belt from Huliyar to Hosdurga between the known Kibbanahalli and Chitradurga arms of CSB. From the gravity image it appears that the eastern margin of CSB may be encompassing Bukkapatna granite in the central sector of CSB. Gravity low closures and gravity high gradient between the granites of Chitradurga and those near Jagalur suggest different nature of geological continuity. Structural features, particularly the sheared contacts of metavolanics with metasedimentaries are demarcated based on gravity gradients. Based on these inferred features coupled with known geological controls of mineralization, a few target areas for gold / base metal exploration are identified. A major structural feature affecting the strike of arms of CSB may be the possible regions for emplacement of ultramafic bodies as observed near Sasival and Ghattishosalli. This in turn is significant for mineral exploration in Chitradurga Schist belt. Gravity and magnetic profiles drawn across CSB for every 15’ latitude indicated crustal architecture beneath CSB. Significant rise is noticed in the background gravity field from the arms of CSB to the main schist belt suggesting that the Bababudan volcanics have generated from different depths compared to the Chitradurga volcanics. Further, long wavelength magnetic anomaly coinciding with the eastern margin of schist belt suggests the differences in nature of crust on either side. Frequency analysis of gravity and magnetic anomalies and the modeling indicated the depth persistence of geological units.
Ethnic Residential Segregation: A Multilevel, Multigroup, Multiscale Approach Exemplified by London in 2011
Authors: Jones Kelvyn , Johnston Ron , Manley David , Owen Dewi , Charlton Chris 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We develop and apply a multilevel modeling approach that is simultaneously capable of assessing multigroup and multiscale segregation in the presence of substantial stochastic variation that accompanies ethnicity rates based on small absolute counts. Bayesian MCMC estimation of a log-normal Poisson model allows the calculation of the variance estimates of the degree of segregation in a single overall model, and credible intervals are obtained to provide a measure of uncertainty around those estimates. The procedure partitions the variance at different levels and implicitly models the dependency (or autocorrelation) at each spatial scale below the topmost one. Substantively, we apply the model to 2011 census data for London, one of the world’s most ethnically diverse cities. We find that the degree of segregation depends both on scale and group.
Pathogen prevalence and abundance in honey bee colonies involved in almond pollination
Authors: Cavigli Ian , Daughenbaugh Katie F. , Martin Madison , Lerch Michael , Banner Katie , Garcia Emma , Brutscher Laura M. , Flenniken Michelle L. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Honey bees are important pollinators of agricultural crops. Since 2006, US beekeepers have experienced high annual honey bee colony losses, which may be attributed to multiple abiotic and biotic factors, including pathogens. However, the relative importance of these factors has not been fully elucidated. To identify the most prevalent pathogens and investigate the relationship between colony strength and health, we assessed pathogen occurrence, prevalence, and abundance in Western US honey bee colonies involved in almond pollination. The most prevalent pathogens were Black queen cell virus (BQCV), Lake Sinai virus 2 (LSV2), Sacbrood virus (SBV), Nosema ceranae, and trypanosomatids. Our results indicated that pathogen prevalence and abundance were associated with both sampling date and beekeeping operation, that prevalence was highest in honey bee samples obtained immediately after almond pollination, and that weak colonies had a greater mean pathogen prevalence than strong colonies.
Distinguishing bipolar disorder from borderline personality disorder: A study of current clinical practice
Authors: Saunders K.E.A. , Bilderbeck A.C. , Price J. , Goodwin G.M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing mental illness is a central role for psychiatrists. Correct diagnosis informs both treatment and prognosis, and facilitates accurate communication. We sought to explore how psychiatrists distinguished two common psychiatric diagnoses: bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD).MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study of psychiatrists to explore their practical experience. We then sought to validate these results by conducting a questionnaire study testing the theoretical knowledge and practical experience of a large number of UK psychiatrists. Finally we studied the assessment process in NHS psychiatric teams by analysing GP letters, assessments by psychiatrists, and assessment letters.ResultsThere was broad agreement in both the qualitative and questionnaire studies that the two diagnoses can be difficult to distinguish. The majority of psychiatrists demonstrated in survey responses a comprehensive understanding DSM-IV-TR criteria although many felt that these criteria did not necessarily assist diagnostic differentiation. This scepticism about diagnostic criteria appeared to strongly influence clinical practice in the sample of clinicians we observed. In only a minority of assessments were symptoms of mania or BPD sufficiently assessed to establish the presence or absence of each diagnosis.ConclusionClinical diagnostic practice was not adequate to differentiate reliably BD and BPD. The absence of reliable diagnostic practice has widespread implications for patient care, service provision and the reliability of clinical case registries.
Identification of aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) species of economic importance in Kenya using DNA barcodes and PCR-RFLP-based approach
Authors: Kinyanjui G. , Khamis F.M. , Mohamed S. , Ombura L.O. , Warigia M. , Ekesi S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAphids are among pests of economic importance throughout the world. Together with transmitting plant viruses, aphids are capable of inflicting severe crop production losses. They also excrete honeydew that favours the growth of sooty mold which reduces the quality of vegetables and fruits and hence their market values. Rapid and accurate identification of aphids to the species level is a critical component in effective pest management and plant quarantine systems. Even though morphological taxonomy has made a tremendous impact on species-level identifications, polymorphism, morphological plasticity and immature stages are among the many challenges to accurate identification. In addition, their small size, presence of cryptic species and damaged specimens dictate the need for a strategy that will ensure timely and accurate identification. In this study, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based on mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene and DNA barcoding were applied to identify different aphid species collected from different agro-ecological zones of Kenya. Three restriction enzymesRsaI,AluIandHinf1produced patterns that allowed unambiguous identification of the species exceptAphis craccivoraandAphis fabae. Analyses of the barcode region indicated intraspecific and interspecific sequence divergences of 0.08 and 6.63%, respectively. DNA barcoding identified all species, including the morphologically indistinguishableA. craccivoraandA. fabaeand separated two subspecies ofA. fabae.Based on these results, both PCR-RFLPs and DNA barcoding could provide quick and accurate tools for identification of aphid species within Aphididae subsequently aiding in effective pest management programmes and enhance plant quarantine systems.
Intensive vehicle traffic impacts morphology and endocrine stress response in a threatened amphibian
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Quay Ludivine , Dumet Adeline , Léna Jean-Paul , Miaud Claude , Rivière Vincent 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmphibians are considered to be the most threatened group of vertebrates. Among the multiple factors involved in their decline, habitat loss and alteration as a result of human activities is a major threat. At the individual level the effects of habitat alteration are potentially multiple, including a range of morphological and physiological responses. Analysing and understanding these responses is therefore a critical challenge for amphibian conservation. We examined the influence of intensive vehicle traffic (motorbikes and trucks on unpaved pathways) on the body size and condition and on the production of glucocorticoids (i.e. corticosterone) in the yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that intensive vehicle traffic has a negative influence on body size and body condition, and postulated that it also increases corticosterone production. Using morphometric data and saliva samples collected from four populations in France, we found that intensive vehicle traffic is associated with a decrease in body size and body condition in both males and females. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that corticosterone production was lower in both sexes in populations experiencing intensive vehicle traffic. We suggest that measures should be applied to reduce vehicle traffic intensity on unpaved pathways during toad breeding activity. This is critical for B. variegata, for which man-made ruts and residual puddles could mitigate the loss of natural habitats.
Increased exposure to Plasmodium chabaudi antigens sustains cross-reactivity and avidity of antibodies binding Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: dissecting cross-phylum cross-reactivity in a rodent model
Authors: FAIRLIE-CLARKE KAREN J. , HANSEN CHRISTINA , ALLEN JUDITH E. , GRAHAM ANDREA L. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYMounting an antibody response capable of discriminating amongst and appropriately targeting different parasites is crucial in host defence. However, cross-reactive antibodies that recognize (bind to) multiple parasite species are well documented. We aimed to determine if a higher inoculating dose of one species, and thus exposure to larger amounts of antigen over a longer period of time, would fine-tune responses to that species and reduce cross-reactivity. Using the Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (Pcc)–Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) co-infection model in BALB/c mice, in which we previously documented cross-reactive antibodies, we manipulated the inoculating dose of Pcc across 4 orders of magnitude. We investigated antigen-specific and cross-reactive antibody responses against crude and defined recombinant antigens by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot and antibody depletion assays. Contrary to our hypothesis that increasing exposure to Pcc would reduce cross-reactivity to Nb, we found evidence for increased avidity of a subpopulation of antibodies that recognized shared antigens. Western blot indicated proteins of apparent monomer molecular mass 28 and 98 kDa in both Nb and Pcc antigen preparations and also an Nb protein of similar size to recombinant Pcc antigen, merozoite surface protein-119. The implications of antibodies binding antigen from such phylogenetically distinct parasites are discussed.
Clustering layers for the Fife—Greenlee problem in ℝn
Authors: Du Zhuoran , Wei Juncheng 
Published: October 2015

We consider the following Fife–Greenlee problem:
where Ω is a smooth and bounded domain in ℝn, ν is the outer unit normal to ∂Ω and a is a smooth function satisfying a(x) ∈ (–1, 1) in . Let K, Ω– and Ω+ be the zero-level sets of a, {a < 0} and {a < 0}, respectively. We assume ∇a ≠ 0 on K. Fife and Greenlee constructed stable layer solutions, while del Pino et al. proved the existence of one unstable layer solution provided that some gap condition is satisfied. In this paper, for each odd integer m ≥ 3, we prove the existence of a sequence ε = εj → 0, and a solution with m-transition layers near K. The distance of any two layers is O(ε log(1/ε)). Furthermore, converges uniformly to ±1 on the compact sets of Ω± as j → +∞
Multistate product traceforward investigation to link imported romaine lettuce to a US cyclosporiasis outbreak – Nebraska, Texas, and Florida, June–August 2013
Authors: BUSS B. F. , JOSHI M. V. , DEMENT J. L. , CANTU V. , SAFRANEK T. J. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYDuring June–August 2013, 25 US states reported 631 cyclosporiasis cases including Nebraska and Iowa where a regional investigation implicated common-source imported salad mix served in two chain restaurants. At least two common-origin growing fields were likely sources of contaminated romaine lettuce. Using producer- and distributor-provided data, we conducted a grower-specific traceforward investigation to reveal exposures of ill US residents elsewhere who reported symptom onset during 11 June–1 July 2013, the time period established in the Nebraska and Iowa investigation. Romaine lettuce shipped on 2–6 June from one of these Mexico-origin growing fields likely caused cyclosporiasis in 78 persons reporting illness onsets from 11 June to 1 July in Nebraska, Texas, and Florida. Nationwide, 97% (314/324) of persons confirmed with cyclosporiasis with symptom onset from 11 June to 1 July 2013 resided in 11 central and eastern US states receiving approximately two-thirds of romaine lettuce from this field. This grower's production practices should be investigated to determine potential sources of contamination and to develop recommendations to prevent future illnesses.
Regional investigation of a cyclosporiasis outbreak linked to imported romaine lettuce – Nebraska and Iowa, June–August 2013
Authors: BUSS B. F. , JOSHI M. V. , O'KEEFE A. L. , ALLENSWORTH C. D. , GARVEY A. , OBBINK K. , MANDERNACH S. , SAFRANEK T. J. 
Published: October 2015

SUMMARYA regional, multistate investigation into a June–August 2013 cyclosporiasis outbreak was conducted in Nebraska, Iowa, and neighbouring states. Cases were confirmed on the basis of laboratory and clinical findings. Of 227 cases in Iowa (n = 140) and Nebraska (n = 87) residents, 162 (71%) reported dining at chain A/B restaurants – 96% reported house salad consumption. A case-control study identified chain A/B house salad as the most likely vehicle. Traceback was conducted to ascertain production lot codes of bagged salad mix (iceberg and romaine lettuce, red cabbage, and carrots) served as house salad in implicated restaurants. A single production lot code of salad mix supplied by both a common producer and distributor was linked to the majority of confirmed cases in persons reporting regional chain A/B exposure. The salad mix linked to illnesses contained imported romaine lettuce from two separate single-grower fields-of-origin and ⩾1 additional field from another grower.
Tracking mass death during the fall of Rome’s empire (I)
Authors: McCormick Michael 
Published: October 2015

This is the first part of a two-part article; the second, “A first inventory of mass graves from late antiquity”, will appear in JRA 29 (2016) as well as on the CJO website.The Roman empire was more than a system of institutions, beliefs and socio-economic structures; it was a concentration of human capital, physically located in the demographic strength of the population. Human health and mortality crucially affected, and reflected, the economy. As less optimistic interpretations of Late Roman history regain traction, it becomes important to find ways to test such interpretations, including their biological manifestations and implications. One approach would be to map over time and space large-scale violence and disease-driven surges in mortality, as well as chronic factors that may have more gradually eroded the empire’s human capital. Biomolecular archaeology and pathogen genetics are sparking novel explorations of ancient diseases, which ranged from the spectacularly acute to the chronic – malaria, leprosy or tuberculosis –, not to mention seasonal spikes in more routine gastrointestinal infections and the like. Individually and especially cumulatively, the impact of acute and chronic factors could have been of considerable magnitude. The same is true for environmental conditions; thanks to the advances of paleoclimate science, we now know that they too varied unexpectedly, and surely could affect population health.
Evolution through the stochastic dyadic Cantor Set: the uniqueness of mankind in the Universe
Authors: Mahecha Diego S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe search for intelligent life or any type of life involves processes with nonlinear chaotic behaviours throughout the Universe. Through the sensitive dependence condition, chaotic dynamics are also difficult or impossible to duplicate, forecast and predict. Similar evolution patterns will result in completely different outcomes. Even, the intelligent life evolution pattern, based on carbon, DNA–RNA–protein, will differ from all possible sequences. In the present paper, the stochastic dyadic Cantor set models the many possible variations of such chaotic behaviours in the Universe, yielding to a tendency to zero, for any scenario of intelligent life evolution. The probability of the development of the exact microscopic and macroscopic scenario that is capable of supporting intelligent life or any other type of life in any planet is vanishingly small. Thus, the present analysis suggests that mankind, as an extremely statistically uncommon occurrence, is unique and alone in the Universe.