bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper Arm Contouring with Brachioplasty after Massive Weight Loss
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Lee Min Cheol , Kim Sang Hwa , Lee Jung Ho , Ahn Sang Tae , Rhie Jong Won 
Published: May 2014

Background
As the obese population increases in Korea, the number of patients who are trying to lose weight has been increasing steadily. In these patients, skin laxity and deformation of the body contour occurs, which could possibly be corrected by various body contouring surgeries. Here, we introduce the brachioplasty method and our experience of various body contouring surgeries performed in our center.
Methods From November 2009 to August 2011, five cases of brachioplasty were performed. When the patient presented with sagging of the lateral inframammary crease and bat wing deformity in the axilla, extended brachioplasty was performed; in this case, the deformation of the axilla and lateral chest was corrected at the same time. A traditional brachioplasty was performed when contouring was needed only for skin laxity in the upper arm.
Results Complications, such as hematomas or nerve injuries, were not evident. Some patients experienced partial wound dehiscence due to tension or hypertrophic scars found during the follow-up. In general, all of the patients were satisfied with the improvement in their upper arm contour.
Conclusions Given the demands for body contouring surgery, the number of brachioplasty surgical procedures is expected to increase significantly, with abdominoplasty comprising a large portion of these surgeries. For the brachioplasty procedure, preparation and preoperative consultation regarding design of the surgery by experienced surgeons was important to prevent complications such as nerve damage or hematoma formation.
Le français parlé en Acadie : description et construction d’une « variété »
Authors: Arrighi Laurence 
Published: May 2014

L’examen d’études consacrées à l’analyse des formes du français en Acadie permet de faire ressortir diverses modalités de traitement qui ont contribué à construire une certaine image de ce français. Les représentations proposées mettent particulièrement en lumière le fait qu’une « variété de langue » est toujours tributaire des travaux qui la décrivent et qui, ce faisant, la constituent. Pour cette raison, la présente contribution propose, dans une perspective critique, d’interroger les acteurs et les actions mobilisés dans le processus de description linguistique en Acadie, et ce, en mettant en lumière les choix théoriques et méthodologiques de quelques travaux marquants.
L’immigration francophone en Acadie : langue, nation et minorité
Authors: Violette Isabelle 
Published: May 2014

Cet article fait ressortir les tensions qui découlent des liens entre langue et nationalisme en regard des politiques d’immigration et des parcours migratoires francophones en Acadie du Nouveau-Brunswick. Il est montré que le milieu associatif militant légitime l’immigration en puisant dans une idéologie modernisante de la nation qui fait du français le marqueur collectif central. À partir de récits d’immigrants francophones, je relève toutefois deux contradictions sous-jacentes à ce nationalisme linguistique : d’une part, le partage d’une même langue ne suppose pas nécessairement un engagement envers la « cause » linguistique ; d’autre part, des éléments de légitimité et de solidarité autres que la langue ont aussi une influence en matière d’inclusion dans l’acadianité.
La participation des Acadiens à la construction d’un territoire commun de gouvernance économique dans le « Grand Sud-Est » du Nouveau-Brunswick
Authors: Allain Greg , Chiasson Guy 
Published: May 2014

Dans le contexte d’une redéfinition des identités territoriales valorisant les espaces locaux et régionaux, la présente recherche explore le rapport acadien au territoire à travers la construction d’un nouvel espace collectif, le « Grand Sud-Est » du Nouveau-Brunswick. Ce territoire, qui n’est nulle part reconnu institutionnellement, s’est bâti à partir d’initiatives conjointes menées par des agences de développement économique de la région. La forte croissance du Moncton métropolitain depuis une vingtaine d’années a resserré les liens économiques avec ses périphéries rurales francophones et entraîné la formation d’un « territoire vécu » régional. Cependant, une réorganisation récente des organismes de développement régional dans la province pose la question de la survie de ce territoire d’ancrage.
Louisville Seamount Chain: Petrogenetic processes and geochemical evolution of the mantle source
Authors: Vanderkluysen Loÿc , Mahoney John J. , Koppers Anthony A. P. , Beier Christoph , Regelous Marcel , Gee Jeffrey S. , Lonsdale Peter F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Louisville Seamount Chain is a ∼4300 km long chain of submarine volcanoes in the southwestern Pacific that spans an age range comparable to that of the Hawaiian‐Emperor chain and is commonly thought to represent a hot spot track. Dredging in 2006 recovered igneous rocks from 33 stations on 22 seamounts covering some 49 Myr of the chain's history. All samples are alkalic, similar to previous dredge and drill samples, providing no evidence for a Hawaiian‐type tholeiitic shield‐volcano stage. Major and trace element variations appear to be predominantly controlled by small but variable extents of fractional crystallization and by partial melting. Isotopic values define only a narrow range, in agreement with a surprising long‐term source homogeneity—relative to the length scale of melting—and overlap with proposed fields for the “C” and “FOZO” mantle end‐members. Trace element and isotope geochemistry is uncorrelated with either seamount age or lithospheric thickness at the time of volcanism, except for a small number of lavas from the westernmost Louisville Seamounts built on young (<20 Ma old) oceanic crust. The Louisville hot spot has been postulated to be the source of the ∼120 Ma Ontong Java Plateau, but the Louisville isotopic signature cannot have evolved from a source with isotopic ratios like those measured for Ontong Java Plateau basalts. On the other hand, this signature can be correlated with that of samples dredged from the Danger Islands Troughs of the Manihiki Plateau, which has been interpreted as a rifted fragment of the “Greater” Ontong Java Plateau.
IL‐6(−572/−597) polymorphism and expression in HBV disease chronicity in an Indian population
Authors: Saxena Roli , Chawla Yogesh Kumar , Verma Indu , Kaur Jyotdeep 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study evaluated the association among IL‐6(−572) and IL‐6(−597) genotypes, haplotypes, mRNA, and protein levels with hepatitis B virus (HBV)–Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in India.MethodsFor this, 403 participants (153 controls, 61 inactive HBV‐carriers, 65 chronic‐active HBV patients, 63 HBV‐cirrhotics, and 61 HBV–HCC participants) were enrolled in the study. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP), ELISA, and RT‐PCR methods were used for assessing polymorphism, protein, and the mRNA levels, respectively, of IL‐6.ResultsThe study revealed that the IL‐6(−572) GC genotype shared a positive association with hepatitis among controls, and a negative association with cirrhosis and consequent HCC development among carriers. However, the CC genotype shared a significant negative association with cirrhosis among controls and carriers. The IL‐6(−597G>A), GA genotype acted as a potential protective factor for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and subsequent HCC development among carriers. The GA and CG haplotypes acted as a vital risk factor for HCC among controls and carriers. On the contrary, the CA haplotype was found to be a potential protective factor for HCC among carriers. Besides, the IL‐6 levels significantly increased with cirrhosis development, as compared to carriers and hepatitis subjects.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings indicate a potential role of IL‐6(−572/−597) genotypes in HBV disease pathogenesis in an Indian population. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:549–555, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ontogeny of talo‐crural appositional articular morphology among catarrhine taxa: Adult shape reflects substrate use
Authors: Turley Kevin , Frost Stephen R. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe upper ankle joint forms a single articular plane between organism and the foot and substrate. Singular warp analysis shows that its shape reflects substrate use. This study explores whether the differences in shape are genetic with a developmental trajectory evident during ontogeny or epigenetic and the result of substrate use by the individual. A total of 418 matched distal tibial and proximal talar landmarked surfaces from adult and subadult specimens from 12 diverse catarrhine taxa were studied. Specimens were grouped by molar eruption (M1, M2, and M3) for comparative analysis. Generalized Procrustes analysis, multivariate regression, relative warp analysis, singular warp analysis, and permutation tests were used. Singular warp analysis for the entire cohort was highly significant in the first singular warp, with the adult taxa sorting by substrate use. All 173 subadults clustered with an adult “arboreal” shape profile. Among Hominoidea, adults (M3) sorted by substrate use with Pan paniscus and Hylobatidae assuming an “arboreal” shape separate from Pan troglodytes and the remaining taxa with “terrestrial” shape. Cercopithecoid adults sorted by substrate use as well, with the M3 specimens of Papio hamadryas and Macaca thibetana demonstrating a “terrestrial” shape. Differences in mode of locomotion did not affect the findings in the first singular warp. Results confirmed the convergence of talo‐crural shape among superfamilies based on substrate use and divergence in shape within Pan and Macaca, based on substrate use. The shape differences among adults (M3) are consistent with a plastic response to the behavioral stimulus of substrate use. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:447–458, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying asymmetry: Ratios and alternatives
Authors: Franks Erin M. , Cabo Luis L. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTTraditionally, the study of metric skeletal asymmetry has relied largely on univariate analyses, utilizing ratio transformations when the goal is comparing asymmetries in skeletal elements or populations of dissimilar dimensions. Under this approach, raw asymmetries are divided by a size marker, such as a bilateral average, in an attempt to produce size‐free asymmetry indices. Henceforth, this will be referred to as “controlling for size” (see Smith: Curr Anthropol 46 (2005) 249‐273). Ratios obtained in this manner often require further transformations to interpret the meaning and sources of asymmetry. This model frequently ignores the fundamental assumption of ratios: the relationship between the variables entered in the ratio must be isometric. Violations of this assumption can obscure existing asymmetries and render spurious results. In this study, we examined the performance of the classic indices in detecting and portraying the asymmetry patterns in four human appendicular bones and explored potential methodological alternatives. Examination of the ratio model revealed that it does not fulfill its intended goals in the bones examined, as the numerator and denominator are independent in all cases. The ratios also introduced strong biases in the comparisons between different elements and variables, generating spurious asymmetry patterns. Multivariate analyses strongly suggest that any transformation to control for overall size or variable range must be conducted before, rather than after, calculating the asymmetries. A combination of exploratory multivariate techniques, such as Principal Components Analysis, and confirmatory linear methods, such as regression and analysis of covariance, appear as a promising and powerful alternative to the use of ratios. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:498–511, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The safety and performance of a maxillary sinus ostium self‐dilation device: a pilot study
Authors: Hathorn Iain , Habib Al‐Rahim , Santos Rachelle Dar , Javer Amin 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundBalloon dilation is now commonly used to open sinus ostia while preserving mucosa and minimizing trauma. A new maxillary sinus ostium (MSO) self‐dilation device that functions on the principle of osmosis, absorbing a small amount of fluid from the surrounding tissues, can be placed into the MSO under endoscopic visualization and slowly enlarge its outer diameter. The slower dilation may further minimize tissue damage and scarring compared to the currently available balloon dilation systems. The MSO self‐dilating expansion device has never been studied before in clinical trials; the purpose of this pilot study is to determine the safety and performance of the device in human subjects.MethodsTwelve chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients presenting with maxillary sinus inflammation requiring FESS were enrolled. The device was inserted into the MSO at the start of surgery and removed after 60 minutes. Endoscopic evaluation for patency was performed immediately after removal, and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Adverse events were recorded intraoperatively and at each subsequent visit.ResultsThe device was successfully inserted in 100% of cases attempted (19/19 MSOs, 12 patients). Seventeen (89%) devices remained in the MSO for 60 minutes and dilated to a mean diameter of 4.8 ± 0.5 mm. One patient was withdrawn from the study. No adverse events occurred during insertion or removal of the device. At 3 months postinsertion 14 of 15 MSO dilated (93%) were confirmed patent.ConclusionPlacement of an osmotic self‐dilating expansion device in human MSO is safe, achievable and effective at dilating the ostia.
Color‐Discriminating Retinal Configurations of Sensory Rhodopsin I by Photo‐Irradiation Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Yomoda Hiroki , Makino Yoshiteru , Tomonaga Yuya , Hidaka Tetsurou , Kawamura Izuru , Okitsu Takashi , Wada Akimori , Sudo Yuki , Naito Akira 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSRI (sensory rhodopsin I) can discriminate multiple colors for the attractant and repellent phototaxis. Studies aimed at revealing the color‐dependent mechanism show that SRI is a challenging system not only in photobiology but also in photochemistry. During the photoreaction of SRI, an M‐intermediate (attractant) transforms into a P‐intermediate (repellent) by absorbing blue light. Consequently, SRI then cycles back to the G‐state. The photoreactions were monitored with the 13C NMR signals of [20‐13C]retnal‐SrSRI using in situ photo‐irradiation solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The M‐intermediate was trapped at −40 °C by illumination at 520 nm. It was transformed into the P‐intermediate by subsequent illumination at 365 nm. These results reveal that the G‐state could be directly transformed to the P‐intermediate by illumination at 365 nm. Thus, the stationary trapped M‐ and P‐intermediates are responsible for positive and negative phototaxis, respectively.
Scorpionate‐Type Coordination in MFU‐4l Metal–Organic Frameworks: Small‐Molecule Binding and Activation upon the Thermally Activated Formation of Open Metal Sites
Authors: Denysenko Dmytro , Grzywa Maciej , Jelic Jelena , Reuter Karsten , Volkmer Dirk 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPostsynthetic metal and ligand exchange is a versatile approach towards functionalized MFU‐4l frameworks. Upon thermal treatment of MFU‐4l formates, coordinatively strongly unsaturated metal centers, such as zinc(II) hydride or copper(I) species, are generated selectively. CuI‐MFU‐4l prepared in this way was stable under ambient conditions and showed fully reversible chemisorption of small molecules, such as O2, N2, and H2, with corresponding isosteric heats of adsorption of 53, 42, and 32 kJ mol−1, respectively, as determined by gas‐sorption measurements and confirmed by DFT calculations. Moreover, CuI‐MFU‐4l formed stable complexes with C2H4 and CO. These complexes were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The demonstrated hydride transfer to electrophiles and strong binding of small gas molecules suggests these novel, yet robust, metal–organic frameworks with open metal sites as promising catalytic materials comprising earth‐abundant metal elements.
Direct Assembly of 3,4‐Difunctionalized Benzofurans and Polycyclic Benzofurans by Phenol Dearomatization and Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction
Authors: Han Zhaomeng , Zhang Liang , Li Zhiming , Fan Renhua 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA method to directly convert 2‐alkynylphenols to 3,4‐difunctionalized benzofurans and polycyclic benzofurans was developed. This protocol involves a hypervalent‐iodine‐mediated oxidative dearomatization to break the aromaticity of 2‐alkynylphenols, and a palladium‐catalyzed domino reaction to install two functional groups at the C3 and the C4 positions and restore the aromaticity of benzofurans.
Stimulus‐Responsive Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Nagarkar Sanjog S. , Desai Aamod V. , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMaterials that can recognize the changes in their local environment and respond by altering their inherent physical and/or chemical properties are strong candidates for future “smart” technology materials. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years owing to their designable architecture, host–guest chemistry, and softness as porous materials. Despite this fact, studies on the tuning of the properties of MOFs by external stimuli are still rare. This review highlights the recent developments in the field of stimulus‐responsive MOFs or so‐called smart MOFs. In particular, the various stimuli used and the utility of stimulus‐responsive smart MOFs for various applications such as gas storage and separation, sensing, clean energy, catalysis, molecular motors, and biomedical applications are highlighted by using representative examples. Future directions in the developments of stimulus‐responsive smart MOFs and their applications are proposed from a personal perspective.
Simultaneous determination of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and geniposide in rat plasma by UPLC‐MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after administration of Reduning injection
Authors: Wang Yanjuan , Wen Jing , Zheng Weihua , Zhao Longshan , Fu Xiaohuan , Wang Zhenzhong , Xiong Zhili , Li Famei , Xiao Wei 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA simple, specific and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was established and validated for simultaneous determination of neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid and geniposide in rat plasma using puerarin as an internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were pretreated by a one‐step direct protein precipitation procedure with acetonitrile after acidified using as little as 50 μL plasma. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Acquity BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min by a gradient elution, using 0.2% acetic acid–methanol as mobile phase. The detection was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer by multiple reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization source with negative ion mode. Calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.995) over wide concentration ranges. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <15%, and the accuracy was within ±8.0%. The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of the four bioactive components in rats after intravenous administration of Reduning injection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D restoration microscopy improves quantification of enzyme‐labeled fluorescence‐based single‐cell phosphatase activity in plankton
Authors: Diaz‐de‐Quijano Daniel , Palacios Pilar , Horňák Karel , Felip Marisol 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe ELF or fluorescence‐labeled enzyme activity (FLEA) technique is a culture‐independent single‐cell tool for assessing plankton enzyme activity in close‐to‐in situ conditions. We demonstrate that single‐cell FLEA quantifications based on two‐dimensional (2D) image analysis were biased by up to one order of magnitude relative to deconvolved 3D. This was basically attributed to out‐of‐focus light, and partially to object size. Nevertheless, if sufficient cells were measured (25–40 cells), biases in individual 2D cell measurements were partially compensated, providing useful and comparable results to deconvolved 3D. We also discuss how much caution should be used when comparing the single‐cell enzyme activities of different sized bacterio‐ and/or phytoplankton populations measured on 2D images. Finally, a novel method based on deconvolved 3D images (wide field restoration microscopy; WFR) was devised to improve the discrimination of similar single‐cell enzyme activities, the comparison of enzyme activities between different size cells, the measurement of low fluorescence intensities, the quantification of less numerous species, and the combination of the FLEA technique with other single‐cell methods. These improvements in cell enzyme activity measurements will provide a more precise picture of individual species' behavior in nature, which is essential to understand their functional role and evolutionary history. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Rationale and study design of the NEuroCardiac TherApy foR Heart Failure Study: NECTAR‐HF
Authors: De Ferrari Gaetano M. , Tuinenburg Anton E. , Ruble Stephen , Brugada Josep , Klein Helmut , Butter Christian , Wright David J. , Schubert Bernd , Solomon Scott , Meyer Scott , Stein Kenneth , Ramuzat Agnes , Zannad Faiez 
Published: May 2014

AimsIncreased sympathetic activation and reduced parasympathetic tone are important pathophysiological contributors to the progression of heart failure, and are associated with poor outcome in patients. The aim of this study is to determine if vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising approach to modulate autonomic function and slow cardiac remodelling and the progression of heart failure.MethodsThe NECTAR‐HF (NEural Cardiac TherApy foR Heart Failure) trial is designed to evaluate whether the Boston Scientific VNS device is safe and may attenuate cardiac remodelling, improve cardiac function and increase exercise capacity, in symptomatic heart failure patients (New York Heart Association Class II–III) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%) and receiving optimal medical therapy. Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive standard optimal medical treatment plus VNS system in an active mode vs. optimal medical treatment plus VNS system in an inactive mode, for a 6 month period. After the 6 month control period, inactive VNS systems will be activated and all patients will receive VNS. The study is powered to detect differences in the primary efficacy endpoint of change in left ventricular end systolic diameter. Secondary endpoints include ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes, quality of life scores, functional capacity, and changes in biomarkers.ConclusionThis Phase II, randomized clinical trial conducted with vagal stimulation for heart failure will provide important new information on the potential of this novel and promising technique.