bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single nucleotide polymorphism in SLC1A1 gene is associated with age of onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Authors: Dallaspezia S. , Mazza M. , Lorenzi C. , Benedetti F. , Smeraldi E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDifferent genetic polymorphisms in the SLC1A1 have been shown to be associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Rs301430 is a T/C functional polymorphism affecting the gene expression and extrasynaptic glutamate concentration.We observed that Rs301430 influence age at onset in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Ribogenomics: The Science and Knowledge of RNA
Authors: Wu Jiayan , Xiao Jingfa , Zhang Zhang , Wang Xumin , Hu Songnian , Yu Jun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) deserves not only a dedicated field of biological research — a discipline or branch of knowledge — but also explicit definitions of its roles in cellular processes and molecular mechanisms. Ribogenomics is to study the biology of cellular RNAs, including their origin, biogenesis, structure and function. On the informational track, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are the major component of ribogenomes, which encode proteins and serve as one of the four major components of the translation machinery and whose expression is regulated at multiple levels by other operational RNAs. On the operational track, there are several diverse types of RNAs — their length distribution is perhaps the most simplistic stratification — involving in major cellular activities, such as chromosomal structure and organization, DNA replication and repair, transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation, RNA processing and routing, translation and cellular energy/metabolism regulation. An all-out effort exceeding the magnitude of the Human Genome Project is of essence to construct just mammalian transcriptomes in multiple contexts including embryonic development, circadian and seasonal rhythms, defined life-span stages, pathological conditions and anatomy-driven tissue/organ/cell types.
Global sourcing and quality recalls: An empirical study of outsourcing‐supplier concentration‐product recalls linkages
Authors: Steven Adams B. , Dong Yan , Corsi Thomas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study investigates how supply chain sourcing strategies are associated with product quality recalls. In particular, the research examines how make‐or‐buy decisions (i.e., outsourcing), the use of foreign suppliers (i.e., offshore outsourcing), the relocation of production to offshore markets (i.e., offshoring), and decisions to consolidate supply bases (i.e., the use of few vs. myriad suppliers) are related to product recalls. Product recalls are serious quality failures in supply chains with significant, negative impacts on firm performance. Product recalls are frequently connected to the globalization of supply chains. Globalization has, at times, promoted inconsistency in quality control and standards, leading to quality problems and failures. Data across multiple industries, with widely reported recalls, have been collected and analyzed using regression techniques. Our findings indicate that offshore outsourcing has a greater impact on recalls than offshoring without outsourcing; outsourcing domestically has the least influence. Outsourcing to a smaller supplier base may lead to fewer recalls at low levels of outsourcing. However, it may exacerbate the impact of outsourcing on recalls at high levels of outsourcing.
Urothelial cancer of bladder in young versus older adults: Clinical and pathological characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Telli Onur , Sarici Hasmet , Ozgur Berat Cem , Doluoglu Omer Gokhan , Sunay Mehmet Melih , Bozkurt Selen , Eroglu Muzaffer 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBladder urothelial carcinoma is rare in young adults and occurs more commonly in older individuals. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical behavior, pathologic characteristics, and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder in young versus older adults. A retrospective review of our records between 2007 and 2013 identified 56 patients (42 males and 14 females) with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who were less than 40 years old. Clinical and pathological parameters of patients who were less than 40 years of age were compared with those of a series of patients older than 40 years of age (the control group) during the same period. A survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test, and Cox regression was performed to identify clinical parameters that affected the clinical outcomes. The mean age was 29.21 years (range, 5–40 years) for patients less than 40 years old and 61.66 years (range, 41–75) for those older than 40 years. The mean follow‐up was 40.26 months (range, 12–65 months) for young patients and 42.57 months (range, 12–72 months) for the older patients. Young bladder cancer patients had smaller‐sized tumors (less than 3 cm), less high‐grade cancers, higher papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential, and low‐grade tumors than patients older than 40 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis predicted tumor recurrence in young patients with high‐grade tumors [odds ratio (OR), 1.959; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.235–2.965; p = 0.046] and tumors larger than 3 cm (OR, 1.772; 95% CI, 1.416–1.942; p = 0.032). The 5‐year overall survival rate was 100% for young patients and 88.1% for older patients. No difference was observed in the recurrence‐free (p = 0.321) and progression‐free (p = 0.422) survival rates between the two groups. We concluded that although the clinical stage distribution, natural history, and outcomes of bladder urothelial cancer in young adults are similar to those in their older counterparts, clinicians must be aware that patients under 40 years of age presented with higher‐grade and larger (>3 cm) tumors and are more likely to experience tumor recurrence.
Fossil avian eggs from the Palaeogene of southern France: new size estimates and a possible taxonomic identification of the egg-layer
Authors: ANGST D. , BUFFETAUT E. , LÉCUYER C. , AMIOT R. , SMEKTALA F. , GINER S. , MÉCHIN A. , MÉCHIN P. , AMOROS A. , LEROY L. , GUIOMAR M. , TONG H. , MARTINEZ A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEggshell fragments attributed to large birds have been known from the Palaeogene of southern France for half a century, but reconstructing their original dimensions and identifying the birds that laid the eggs has been fraught with difficulties. On the basis of numerous newly collected specimens and using geometrical calculations, the original size of the thick-shelled eggs is reconstructed, showing that they were slightly larger than ostrich eggs, with a greatest length of 17.8 cm and a mean diameter of 12.0 cm in transversal section. The estimated volume is 1330.4 cm3. The fossil eggs from southern France are thus among the largest known avian eggs, being only surpassed byAepyornisand some moas. Estimated egg mass is about 1.4 kg. On the basis of egg mass, the body mass of the parent bird is estimated at between 135.4 kg and 156.4 kg, assuming that the hatchlings were precocial. These calculations are in good agreement with the dimensions and mass estimates for the Palaeogene giant birdGastornis, a probable anseriform, which lived in Europe at the time the eggs were laid. Other large Early Tertiary birds from Europe (Remiornis,Palaeotis) are too small to have laid these eggs. In all likelihood, the large eggs from the Palaeogene of southern France were laid by gastornithid birds.
TO PROHIBIT OR PERMIT: WHAT IS THE (HUMAN) RIGHTS RESPONSE TO THE PRACTICE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL SURROGACY?
Authors: Tobin John 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe rapid expansion of international commercial surrogacy arrangements has created serious ethical and legal dilemmas with respect to the nationality and parentage of children conceived under such arrangements and the potential exploitation of surrogate mothers. This paper examines these dilemmas through the prism of international human rights law to assess whether a prohibitionist or permissive approach should be adopted with respect to this practice.
REVISITING THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS ADJUDICATION: THE NEED FOR A PRINCIPLED APPROACH TO JUDICIAL ACTIVISM AND RESTRAINT
Authors: Pillay Anashri 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Indian Constitution embraces economic and social rights as directive principles of state policy, ostensibly insulated from judicial review. The Supreme Court's interpretation of traditional civil and political rights to include economic and social guarantees has been praised by academics and activists keen to advance the cause of justiciable economic and social rights. In recent commentary, however, the extent to which the court's jurisprudence furthers the goal of increasing access to goods such as health care, housing, food and water for India's poor, is questioned. This article reconsiders the court's record in this area. It suggests that a more realistic assessment of the court's jurisprudence is necessary and draws on the South African experience of economic and social rights adjudication to argue for more serious engagement with factors that inform the level of judicial activism or restraint applied in the cases.
DANGEROUS EXPRESSIONS: THE ECHR, VIOLENCE AND FREE SPEECH
Authors: Buyse Antoine 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHow should one balance the freedom of expression and the prevention of violence? This article delves into the grey zone between hate speech and incitement to violence by assessing the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in cases of allegedly dangerous speech. Rather than labelling this case law as simplistic, as some critics even within the Court have done, it is shown that the jurisprudence reveals cleavages within the Court on whether to adopt a more or less consequentialist approach on the links between speech and violence. Freedom of expression cases should preferably be assessed on the merits under Article 10 ECHR since this allows for a balancing of the various interests involved. The application of the abuse of rights clause of Article 17 ECHR is for that very reason undesirable, in addition to its inconsistent use by the Court.
Playing Favorites: How Shared Beliefs Shape the IMF's Lending Decisions
Authors: Nelson Stephen C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInternational organizations (IOs) suffuse world politics, but the International Monetary Fund (IMF) stands out as an unusually important IO. My research suggests that IMF lending is systematically biased. Preferential treatment is largely driven by the degree of similarity between beliefs held by IMF officials and key economic policy-makers in the borrowing country. This article describes the IMF's ideational culture as “neoliberal,” and assumes it to be stable during the observation window (1980–2000). The beliefs of top economic policy-makers in borrowing countries, however, vary in terms of their distance from IMF officials' beliefs. When fellow neoliberals control the top economic policy posts the distance between the means of the policy team's beliefs and the IMF narrows; consequently, IMF loans become less onerous, more generous, and less rigorously enforced. I gathered data on the number of conditions and the relative size of loans for 486 programs in the years between 1980 and 2000. I collected data on waivers, which allow countries that have missed binding conditions to continue to access funds, as an indicator for enforcement. I rely on indirect indicators, gleaned from a new data set that contains biographical details of more than 2,000 policy-makers in ninety developing countries, to construct a measure of the proportion of the top policy officials that are fellow neoliberals. The evidence from a battery of statistical tests reveals that as the proportion of neoliberals in the borrowing government increases, IMF deals get comparatively sweeter.
“Those Stubborn Principles”: From Stoicism to Sociability in Joseph Addison'sCato
Authors: Henderson Christine Dunn , Yellin Mark E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractJoseph Addison's 1713 play,Cato: A Tragedy, dramatizes the final days of Cato the Younger's resistance to Julius Caesar before his eventual suicide at Utica in 46 BC. Although Addison initially seems to present Cato as a model for emulation, we argue that Addison is ultimately critical of both Cato and the Stoicism he embodies. Via the play's romantic subplot and via his work as an essayist, Addison offers a revision of the Catonic model, reworking it into a gentler model that elevates qualities such as love, friendship, and sympathy and that is more appropriate to the type of peaceful civil and commercial society he wishes to promote.
Northern Libyan Desert Ware: new thoughts on ‘Shell-tempered Ware’ and other handmade pottery from the Eastern Marmarica (north-west Egypt)
Authors: Rieger Anna-Katharina , Möller Heike 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA group of handmade pottery from the Eastern Marmarica (north-west Egypt) can be associated with the indigenous population of the region, subsumed as nomadic Libyans. A discussion of its type and fabric – mainly shell-tempered – leads to questions about its chronology as well as the ethnic and cultural background of the producers and users of these wares. Stratified finds and a diligent assessment of the reliability of associated pottery from surface find-spots will seek to fix the chronology of Northern Libyan Desert Ware (NLDW).
Italian archaeologists in colonial Tripolitania
Authors: Munzi Massimiliano 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis is a contribution to a reassessment of colonial archaeology in Libya, based on the academic and political/ ideological portraits of the archaeologists serving in the Tripolitanian and (from 1936) Libyan Soprintendenza. Italian colonial archaeologists were, often deliberately, instruments of political strategy. They searched for traces of Rome in the nationalistic context of the Libyan War, and sought to reconstruct an idealised vision of the Roman cities during the Fascist Ventennio. The essential continuity between nationalist archaeology of the Liberal period (1910–1922), characterised by the central idea of the civilising force of Rome as a tool of colonial expansion, and the Fascist archaeology of 1922–1943, in which the integration of archaeology with political aims touched on the extreme, sometimes with grotesque results, will be stressed and a chronological overview presented. Negative judgment should be nuanced by placing the colonial archaeology in its historical context, analysing its structure, remembering that its methodological backwardness was shared by metropolitan archaeology, noting the high quality of the restoration work and finally by comparing Italian fieldwork with that of other European excavations in North African or Near Eastern protectorates and colonies. It is not a case of presenting a revisionist interpretation, but of approaching the subject without prejudice.
Breaking our invisible chains The 17th of February revolution: Libya's rise to freedom
Authors: Suhbi Salah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOn the 15th of February 2011 a series of peaceful protests in Libya was met with excessive military force by the ruling regime. These protests escalated into an uprising that spread across the whole country. My name is Salah Suhbi, Assistant Director Partnerships at the British Council in Libya. I joined the rebels (Tuwar) fighting for freedom from Colonel Gaddafi's regime in the western mountains of Libya. This is our story.
Applebaum's Hillside Stairs at Cyrene
Authors: White Donald , Kenrick Philip 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA set of monumental stone stairs on the hillside south of Cyrene's Wadi Bel Gadir Sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone were first detected by Shi'mon Applebaum during World War 2 on a now lost aerial photograph. Today his theory that the stairs connected a hilltop structure (now partially covered by a modern farm installation), with the still unidentified Demeter Sanctuary and that all three elements belonged to a Jewish temple complex is no longer sustainable, at least as far as the Demeter Sanctuary goes. But the stairs still exist, still unexcavated and largely unrecorded. What remains visible suggests that they may have been partially covered with a wooden roof and that they served as a ceremonial link between two important components of the suburban city analogous to that played by the porticoed Via Sacra leading to Cyrene's Sanctuary of Apollo. A plea is made for their excavation.
Janzur: anchorage, trade, industry and development on the Tripolitanian littoral
Authors: Preece Chris 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe identification of a headland anchorage at Janzur and the finding of ceramic material offshore in 2009 led the Department of Antiquities in Tripoli to agree to an underwater scoping survey, the results of which are discussed. The site adjacent to the anchorage was subject to a large waterfront development and during groundwork a number of kilns and other structures related to the anchorage were revealed. The implications of this and neighbouring sites are discussed in regard to trade and industry in antiquity. Concerns regarding modern development are discussed and some proposals are mooted.
Struggling for a Framework: Prolegomena to the study of the Libyan 'Isāwiyya
Authors: Cherstich Igor 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAs a consequence of the importance of the Sanūsiyya in Libyan history the literature on Sufism has shown a scarce curiosity for other Libyan brotherhoods. One of the reasons for this is the fact that, being characterised by a lack of central authority, these orders were considered unorganised entities that could not sustain the comparison with the Sanūsiyya. The article problematises this view by concentrating on the 'Isāwiyya, a Libyan brotherhood constituted by local leaders who do not recognise a common authority. In particular, the paper heavily relies on the recent re-conceptualisation of the idea of ‘Sufi order’ put forward by Rachida Chi, who suggests that Sufi brotherhoods could be best understood as ensembles of different local patronal rerlationships. The article discusses the weaknesses and strenghts of Chih's framework in an attempt to propose a set of preliminary conclusions for the study of the Libyan 'Isāwiyya.
A Roman amphora production site near Lepcis Magna: petrographic analyses of the fabrics
Authors: Capelli Claudio , Leitch Victoria 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA coastal survey carried out in the area of Lepcis Magna in November 2010 located a ceramic kiln site, which seemed to be mainly producing Tripolitania II amphorae. Archaeometric analysis was carried out on samples recovered from the site to characterise the fabrics and confirm this hypothesis.
A local production of Mid Roman 1 amphorae at Latrun, Cyrenaica
Authors: Mazou Loïc , Capelli Claudio 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExcavations at the village of Erythron/Latrun near Apollonia in Cyrenaica uncovered a potter's rubbish dump in an abandoned Roman bath complex, thought to be linked to the nearby potter's kiln. Common wares and lamps were produced here and of particular note were Mid Roman 1 amphorae. These amphorae were thought to have been produced mainly in Sicily but also North Africa, and with the new discovery at Latrun we can now also add Cyrenaica to the list. Archaeometric (thin section) analysis on samples from the site confirms this theory.
DMP XV: Palaeohydrology and Palaeoenvironment: Initial Results and Report of 2010 and 2011 Fieldwork
Authors: Drake Nicholas , Salem Mustapha , Armitage Simon , Francke Jan , Hounslow Mark , Hlal Osama , White Kevin , El-Hawat Ahmed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper reports the results of fieldwork conducted in the 2010 and 2011 DMP field seasons and of analysis of samples collected during these and previous years. Research has involved 1) studying palaeolake sediment outcrops, 2) using ground penetrating radar (GPR) to determine their extent under the Dahān Ubārī, and 3) coring palaeolakes in order to determine their palaeoenvironmental records. Research on these samples is continuing but some initial findings are discussed in this paper. The most extensive palaeolake sediments are found within the al-Mahruqah Formation and were deposited by a giant lake system that developed in the Fazzān Basin during past humid periods. Stratigraphic analysis of Lake Megafazzān sediments suggests two different sedimentary successions, a lake margin succession distinctive for its lacustrine and palaeosol carbonates, and a clastic-dominated, intensely rootleted, basin-centre succession which has terrestrial intervals (aeolian and palaeosols) as well as in the upper parts lacustrine limestones. Both basin margin and basin centre successions are underlain by fluvial deposits. Magnetostratigraphy suggests that the formation may be as old as the mid-Pliocene. After the Lake Megafazzān phase, smaller palaeolakes developed within the basin during subsequent humid periods. One of the largest is found in the Wādī al-Hayāt in the area between Jarma and Ubārī. Similar deposits further west along the Wādī at progressively higher altitudes are interpreted as small lakes and marshes fed by springs issuing from aquifers at the base of the escarpment, last replenished during the Holocene humid phase. Dating of sediments suggests that this was betweenc. 11 andc. 8 ka. The Wādī ash-Shāţī palaeolake core also provides a Holocene palaeoclimate record that paints a slightly different picture, indicating lake conditions until around 7 ka, whereupon it started oscillating until around 5.5 ka when sedimentation terminates. The reasons for the differences in these records are discussed.
Ancient sites in rural Cyrenaica: a partial update
Authors: Kenrick Philip 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo brief reconnaissance visits to archaeological sites in Cyrenaica in November 2010 and April 2012, for the purpose of a new archaeological guidebook, led to a variety of observations concerning rural sites which have been little discussed since the 1950s. The predominant theme was a need for a wide-ranging and detailed reassessment of the chronology and nature of rural settlement. This was carried out in Tripolitania in the 1980s by the UNESCO Libyan Valleys Archaeological Survey, but nothing comparable has been done in Cyrenaica. Sites previously regarded as Byzantine or early Arab have yielded early Roman pottery, and many once taken to be military, with strengthened defences, now seem more likely to be civil and to have been shored up following earthquake damage.
Managing water resources in Libya through reducing irrigation water demand: more crop production with less water use
Authors: Alghariani Saad Ahmad 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe looming water crisis in Libya necessitates taking immediate action to reduce the agricultural water demand that consumes more than 80% of the water supplies. The available information on water use efficiency and crop water productivity reveals that this proportion can be effectively reduced while maintaining the same, if not more, total agricultural production at the national level. Crop water productivity, which is depressingly low, can be doubled through implementing several measures including relocating all major agricultural crops among different hydroclimatic zones and growth seasons; crop selection based on comparative production advantages; realisation of the maximum genetically determined crop yields; and several other measures of demand water management. There is an urgent need to establish the necessary institutional arrangements that can effectively formulate and implement these measures as guided by agricultural research and extension services incorporating all beneficiaries and stakeholders in the process.