bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antireflective coatings on poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate by different process parameters
Authors: Chiu Wei‐Ming , Zhang Yuan‐Shun , Tsai Peir‐An , Wu Jyh‐Horng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe high/low refractive index organic/inorganic antireflective (AR) hybrid polymers were formed using the sol–gel process, in which TiO2/2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2‐HEMA) (high refractive index hybrid polymer) and SiO2/2‐HEMA (low refractive index hybrid polymer) two‐layer thin films were formed on a hard coating deposited poly(methyl methacrylate) (HC‐PMMA) substrate by both spin coating and dip coating. The relationship between the process parameters and the optical properties, thickness, porosity, surface morphology, and adhesion was determined. The results show that the reflectance of the two‐layer thin films on HC‐PMMA substrate is less than 0.21% (λ = 550 nm), with good adhesion (5B) and a hardness of up to 4H. In addition, the thickness, porosity, and roughness of the films affect refractive index and the antireflection properties of the AR two‐layered thin film. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
CYP261 enzymes from deep sea bacteria: A clue to conformational heterogeneity in cytochromes P450
Authors: Davydov Dmitri R. , Sineva Elena V. , Davydova Nadezhda Y. , Bartlett Douglas H. , Halpert James R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe have explored the adaptation of the cytochromesP450 (P450) of deep‐sea bacteria to high hydrostatic pressures. Strict conservation of the protein fold and functional importance of protein‐bound water makeP450 a unique subject for the studies of high‐pressure adaptation. Earlier, we expressed and purified a fatty‐acid bindingP450 from the deep‐sea bacteriaPhotobacterium profundumSS9 (CYP261C1). Here, we report purification and initial characterization of its mesophilic ortholog from the shallow‐waterP. profundum3TCK(CYP261C2), as well as another piezophilic enzyme,CYP261D1, from deep‐seaMoritella sp.PE36. Comparison of the three enzymes revealed a striking peculiarity of the piezophilic enzymes. BothCYP261C1 andCYP261D1 possess an apparent pressure‐induced conformational toggle actuated at the pressures commensurate with the physiological pressure of habitation of the host bacteria. Furthermore, in contrast toCYP261C2, the piezophilicCYP261 enzymes may be chromatographically separated into two fractions with different properties, and different thermodynamic parameters of spin equilibrium in particular. According to our concept, the changes in the energy landscape that evolved in pressure‐tolerant enzymes must stabilize the less‐hydrated, closed conformers, which may be transient in the catalytic mechanisms of nonpiezophilic enzymes. The studies of enzymes of piezophiles should help unravel the mechanisms that control water access during the catalytic cycle.
Progress in the Understanding of the Key Pharmacophoric Features of the Antimalarial Drug Dihydroartemisinin: An Experimental and Theoretical Charge Density Study
Authors: Saleh Gabriele , Soave Raffaella , Lo Presti Leonardo , Destro Riccardo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe accurate, experimental charge density distribution,ρ(r), of the potent antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been derived for the first time from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data atT=100(2) K. Gas‐phase and solid‐state DFT simulations have also been performed to provide a firm basis of comparison with experimental results. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) has been employed to analyse theρ(r) scalar field, with the aim of classifying and quantifying the key real‐space elements responsible for the known pharmacophoric features of DHA. From the conformational perspective, the bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane system fixes the three‐dimensional arrangement of the 1,2,4‐trioxane bearing the active OO redox centre. This is the most nucleophilic function in DHA and acts as an important CH⋅⋅⋅O acceptor. On the contrary, the rest of the molecular backbone is almost neutral, in accordance with the lipophilic character of the compound. Another remarkable feature is the CO bond length alternation along the O‐C‐O‐C polyether chain, due to correlations between pairs of adjacent CO bonds. These bonding features have been related with possible reactivity routes of the α‐ and β‐DHA epimers, namely 1) the base‐catalysed hemiacetal breakdown and 2) the peroxide reduction. As a general conclusion, the base‐driven proton transfer has significant non‐local effects on the whole polyether chain, whereas DHA reduction is thermodynamically favourable and invariably leads to a significant weakening (or even breaking) of the OO bond. The influence of the hemiacetal stereochemistry on the electronic properties of the system has also been considered. Such findings are discussed in the context of the known chemical reactivity of this class of important antimalarial drugs.
Affinity, Speciation, and Molecular Features of Copper(II) Complexes with a Prion Tetraoctarepeat Domain in Aqueous Solution: Insights into Old and New Results
Authors: Di Natale Giuseppe , Ősz Katalin , Kállay Csilla , Pappalardo Giuseppe , Sanna Daniele , Impellizzeri Giuseppe , Sóvágó Imre , Rizzarelli Enrico 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCharacterization of the copper(II) complexes formed with the tetraoctarepeat peptide at low and high metal‐to‐ligand ratios and in a large pH range, would provide a breakthrough in the interpretation of biological relevance of the different metal complexes of copper(II)‐tetraoctarepeat system. In the present work, the potentiometric, UV/Vis, circular dichroism (CD), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies were carried out on copper(II) complexes with a PEG‐ylated derivative of the tetraoctarepeats peptide sequence (Ac‐PEG27‐(PHGGGWGQ)4‐NH2) and the peptide Ac‐(PHGGGWGQ)2‐NH2. Conjugation of tetraoctarepeat peptide sequence with polyethyleneglycol improved the solubility of the copper(II) complexes. The results enable a straightforward explanation of the conflicting results originated from the underestimation of all metal–ligand equilibria and the ensuing speciation. A complete and reliable speciation is therefore obtained with the released affinity and binding details of the main complexes species formed in aqueous solution. The results contribute to clarify the discrepancies of several studies in which the authors ascribe the redox activity of copper(II)‐tetraoctarepeat system considering only the average effects of several coexisting species with very different stoichiometries and binding modes.
A group‐choose algorithm supporting virtual organization creation for workflow deployment in cloud environment
Authors: Pan Maolin , Li MiaoMiao , Yu Yang 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTVirtual organization (VO) is a main organizational paradigm for enterprises to collaborate in the rapidly changing environment. However, finding partners for VO creation has great challenges on Internet, because a VO initiator is blinded without enough partners' information. The problem of VO creation in cloud environment is discussed. A VO creating algorithm (called Group‐Choose) based on reputation system is presented to help initiator minimize the operating risk on Internet. In the algorithm, a VO initiator aggregates partners' trust evaluations of candidates to select new partners for VO, instead of evaluating candidate's trust only by itself. The third‐party assessment and Time Slide Window are used in peer‐to‐peer trust evaluation to make the model more adaptive in the dynamic environment. The proposed method focuses on the reputation data, without taking other factors into consideration. Compared with PathTrust and PeerTrust, the Group‐Choose algorithm for VO creation has better performance in resisting conspiracy attack and periodic attack. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A concurrent van Emde Boas array as a fast and simple concurrent dynamic set alternative
Authors: Kułakowski Konrad 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIncreasing demand for computationally efficient algorithms and processors has turned the attention of researchers toward parallel and concurrent solutions. Because the frequency of contemporary processors cannot be tweaked infinitely, the only hopes for squeezing more performance from computers are parallel processing and parallel computation. The important part of every parallel solution is concurrent data structures, which allow multithread programming environments to be taken advantage of. In this article, a new concurrent dynamic set structure is proposed. It is based on the van Emde Boas trees concept, where on every node of a tree, an array of the node's children is stored. The structure is equipped with a simple but effective locking algorithm, which allows it to be used concurrently by any number of threads. The presented algorithm idea is accompanied by an experimental implementation written in JAVA 6. Preliminary tests prove that, especially for moderately larger data sets with a predominance of read operations, the concurrent van Emde Boas array proposed in this article may be a viable alternative for other structures providing a similar functionality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polar paradox revisited: analogous pairs of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants in linoleic acid emulsion containing Cu(II)
Authors: Bakır Temelkan , Sönmezoğlu İnci , İmer Filiz , Apak Reşat 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundLiterature data are scarce on the activities of analogous pairs of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants related to the ‘polar paradox’ distinguishing antioxidants based on their partitioning between lipids and water. The peroxidation of linoleic acid (LA) in the presence of either Cu(II) ions alone or Cu(II) ions combined with Trolox (TR), ascorbic acid (AA), hydroquinone (HQ) and gallic acid (GA), as hydrophilic antioxidants, or with α‐tocopherol (TocH), ascorbyl palmitate (AP), tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) and propyl gallate (PG), as their respective lipophilic analogues, was investigated in aerated and incubated emulsions at 37 °C and pH 7.ResultsLA peroxidation induced by Cu(II) followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics with respect to the formation of primary (hydroperoxides) and secondary (aldehyde‐ and ketone‐like) oxidation products, which were determined by ferric thiocyanate (Fe(III)‐SCN) and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) methods respectively. With the exception of TocH at certain concentrations, the tested compounds showed antioxidant behaviour depending on their polarities. The results were evaluated in the light of structure–activity relationships and the polar paradox.ConclusionThe results of this study partly confirm the hypothesis that the polar paradox experiences limitations in oil‐in‐water emulsions and that its validity is also dependent on the concentrations of the antioxidants employed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Challenge of joining and surface technologies for light weight constructions in automobile applications
Authors: Reinhold B. , Blücher D. , Korte M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractZur Senkung des Fahrzeuggewichtes sollen zukünftig warmgewalzte Magnesium‐Blech‐Legierungen wie auch CFK‐Bauteile in die Karosseriestruktur integriert werden. Beide Leichtbaumaterialien sind mit verzinkten Stählen sowie mit Aluminium ohne aufwendige Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen nicht kombinierbar. Aus elektrochemischen Untersuchungen wird bezüglich der Vorbehandlung von Magnesium eine oxidkeramische Oberflächenausbildung durch plasmachemische Oxydation als aussichtsreich eingeschätzt. Nach dem mechanischen Fügen mit Aluminium können derartige porenbehaftete Substrate mittels KTL in hoher Qualität lackiert werden, bevor der weitere Lackaufbau erfolgt. CFK‐Bauteile indessen haben – im Gegensatz zu Magnesium – elektrochemisch ein sehr edles Verhalten und verursachen starke Kontaktkorrosion an metallischen Anbauteilen, wenn die C‐Fasern durch den Bauteil‐Beschnitt frei liegen. Für das mechanische Fügen von CFK mittels Schraub‐ und Niettechnik eignen sich daher nur Verbindungselemente aus austenitischen Stählen oder aus Titan‐Legierungen (z.B. TiAl6V4). Aus Sicht der Materialverträglichkeit von CFK mit anderen Blech‐Materialien, vorzugsweise mit Aluminium, ist die Verklebung mit zusätzlicher Abdichtung entsprechender Flansche zwingend erforderlich.
Professional Confidence: Conceptions Held by Novice Occupational Therapists in South Africa
Authors: Holland Kathlyn Elena , Middleton Lyn , Uys Leana 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to explore how novice occupational therapists conceptualized professional confidence. Professional confidence is a dynamic personal belief that matures over time. It is closely linked to both competence and professional identity ensuring fitness for practice. Although professional confidence has been defined and a number of its attributes have been identified, how practitioners understand or conceptualize the phenomenon is not clearly understood. Eight novice occupational therapists undertaking their community service year in South Africa during 2011 participated in the study. Data, collected during semi‐structured interviews, were analyzed using phenomenographic methodology. From the participant's descriptions, three qualitatively different ways of understanding professional confidence emerged from the data, namely knowing as an occupational therapist, believing you are an occupational therapist and being an occupational therapist. The outcome space was also described. The study did not purport to gauge whether the novice therapists were in fact confident. As professional confidence is a maturing self‐belief, the findings are limited to novice occupational therapists. The findings contribute to a growing understanding of professional confidence in occupational therapy. Further research is needed in terms of what informs the conceptions held by novice therapists and how professional confidence can be assessed in graduates on completion of their educational programme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deterministic algorithms for matrix completion
Authors: Heiman Eyal , Schechtman Gideon , Shraibman Adi 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe goal of the matrix completion problem is to retrieve an unknown real matrix from a small subset of its entries. This problem comes up in many application areas, and has received a great deal of attention in the context of the Netflix challenge. This setup usually represents our partial knowledge of some information domain. Unknown entries may be due to the unavailability of some relevant experimental data.One approach to this problem starts by selecting a complexity measure of matrices, such as rank or trace norm. The corresponding algorithm outputs a matrix of lowest possible complexity that agrees with the partially specified matrix. The performance of the above algorithm under the assumption that the revealed entries are sampled randomly has received considerable attention (e.g., Refs. Srebro et al., 2005; COLT, 2005; Foygel and Srebro, 2011; Candes and Tao, 2010; Recht, 2009; Keshavan et al., 2010; Koltchinskii et al., 2010). Here we ask what can be said if the observed entries are chosen deterministically. We prove generalization error bounds for such deterministic algorithms, that resemble the results of Refs. Srebro et al. (2005); COLT (2005); Foygel and Srebro (2011) for the randomized algorithms.We still do not understand which sets of entries in a given matrix can be used to properly reconstruct it. Our hope is that the present work sheds some light on this problem. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 306–317, 2014
Lidrandhygiene bei Kontaktlinsenträgern mit Blepharitis
Authors: Khaireddin R. 
Published: January 2013

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Blepharitis als Folge der Dysfunktion der Meibom-Drüsen („Meibom gland dysfunction“, MGD) wird als weltweit häufigste Ursache des trockenen Auges angesehen. Wahrscheinlich ist die MGD auch eine wichtige Ursache der Symptome des trockenen Auges bei Kontaktlinsenträgern. Von den Beschwerden und Symptomen des trockenen Auges sind 50–75% der Kontaktlinsenträger betroffen. In der hier vorgestellten prospektiven, randomisierten und verblindeten Beobachtungsstudie soll die Wirksamkeit bekannter Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung der MGD bei Kontaktlinsenträgern anhand objektiver und subjektiver Methoden verglichen und ihre Wirksamkeit hinsichtlich der Beschwerdelinderung bei Kontaktlinsenträgern überprüft werden.

Methoden
An der Untersuchung nahmen 53 symptomatische Kontaktlinsenträger teil, die per Los auf die beiden Behandlungsgruppen „Lidrandhygiene mit verdünntem Babyshampoo“ oder „Lidrandhygiene mit liposomaler Lidrandreinigungslösung“ verteilt wurden. Der Behandlungszeitraum betrug 4 Wochen.
Die vergleichenden Untersuchungen zu Studienbeginn und nach 4 Wochen umfassten die verblindete Bewertung von Spaltlampenfotografien zur Beurteilung der Lidränder, die Bewertung der lidkantenparallelen konjunktivalen Falten (LIPCOF), die Messung der Tränenfilmaufreißzeit (NiBUT) und die subjektive Bewertung durch die Studienteilnehmer anhand des standardisierten Ocular-Surface-Disease-Index(OSDI)-Fragebogens.

Ergebnisse
Von den an der Studie beteiligten 53 Kontaktlinsenträger wurden 32 (60,4%) mit der Phospholipidlösung und 21 (39,6%) mit dem Babyshampoo behandelt. Beide Gruppen zeigten Befund- und Symptomverbesserungen. Die Verbesserungen waren sowohl objektiv als auch subjektiv signifikant stärker in der Phospholipidlösung- als in der Babyshampoo-Behandlungsgruppe ausgeprägt.

Schlussfolgerung
Die gängige klinische Praxis der zumeist einseitig auf die Substitution der wässrigen Tränenfilmphase abzielenden Therapie wird infrage gestellt. Vielmehr ist für Kontaktlinsenträger mit Siccabeschwerden auf evidenzbasierter Grundlage zu empfehlen, die Restitution der Lipidphase des Tränenfilms in den Vordergrund zu stellen. Im Falle einer assoziierten Blepharitis sollte die gängige klinische Praxis, einfach Babyshampoo für die Lidrandhygiene zu empfehlen, überdacht werden, denn die regelmäßige Lidrandhygiene mit einer phospholiposomalen Reinigungslösung, hier Blepha Cura, ist therapeutisch am wirksamsten.
UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLES CONNECTED WITH THE MÖBIUS INVERSION FORMULA
Authors: POLLACK PAUL , SANNA CARLO 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo arithmetic functions$f$and$g$form aMöbius pairif$f(n)= {\mathop{\sum }\nolimits}_{d\mid n} g(d)$for all natural numbers$n$. In that case,$g$can be expressed in terms of$f$by the familiar Möbius inversion formula of elementary number theory. In a previous paper, the first-named author showed that if the members$f$and$g$of a Möbius pair are both finitely supported, then both functions vanish identically. Here we prove two significantly stronger versions of this uncertainty principle. A corollary is that in a nonzero Möbius pair, one cannot have both${\mathop{\sum }\nolimits}_{f(n)\not = 0} 1/ n\lt \infty $and${\mathop{\sum }\nolimits}_{g(n)\not = 0} 1/ n\lt \infty $.
Feasibility of conductance catheter-derived pressure–volume loops to investigate ventricular mechanics in shunted single ventricles
Authors: Butts Ryan J. , Hsia Tain-Yen , Hamilton Baker G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present pressure–volume loops obtained from two patients with single-ventricle physiology, one with a modified Blalock–Taussig shunt and one with a right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt. The dissimilarities in pressure–volume loop contour and related indices highlight potentially important differences in ventricular mechanics between the shunt types.
Ischaemic stroke with intact atrial septum – exclude arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Doering Friederike , Eicken Andreas , Hess John 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA 44-year-old woman was referred to our centre for interventional cardiac catheterisation. The diagnostic work-up after a preceding ischaemic stroke led to the assumption of a patent foramen ovale due to a positive bubble study. Before the planned percutaneous closure of the patent foramen ovale, we performed a second bubble study, which showed an intact atrial septum. However, after two to three heart cycles bubbles could be detected in the left atrium, assuming a right-to-left shunt of an extracardiac origin most likely in the lung. We therefore performed cardiac catheterisation, yielding a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in the lower lobe of the right lung. This was successfully closed interventionally by placing a Cook coil, as well as several plugs into the malformation and feeding vessels.
Insurance accounting: a new era? ‐ Abstract of the London discussion
Authors: Foroughi Kamran 
Published: January 2013

This abstract relates to the following paper:ForoughiK., BarnardC. R., BennettR.W., ClayD. K., ConwayE.L., CorfieldS.R., CoughlanA.J., HarrisonJ.S., HibbettG.J., KendixI.V., Lanari-BoisclairM., O’ BrienC.D. and StrakerJ.S.K.Insurance accounting: a new era?British Actuarial Journal, doi:10.1017/S1357321712000189
Ma-PbFRET: Multiple Acceptors FRET Measurement Based on Partial Acceptor Photobleaching
Authors: Yu Huaina , Zhang Jianwei , Li Huali , Chen Tongsheng 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement based on partial acceptor photobleaching (PbFRET) is easy to implement without external references. However, the current PbFRET methods are inapplicable to the construct with multiple acceptors, which largely increase the Förster distance. Here, we proposed a linear theory for the dependence of the acceptor photobleaching probability of construct with multiple acceptors on the photobleaching degree (x) and developed a multiple acceptors PbFRET method (Ma-PbFRET) to measure the FRET efficiency of construct with multiple acceptors (n) by measuring the fluorescence intensities of both donor and acceptor channels before and after acceptor photobleaching. The Ma-PbFRET method was validated by measuring the FRET efficiency of construct with two or three acceptors under different x in living cells. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Ma-PbFRET method is capable of exactly quantifying the FRET efficiency of construct with multiple acceptors, providing a simple and powerful tool to investigate the assembly/disassembly of biomolecular complexes with larger distance in living cells.
Gunnar Johansson, Events, and Biological Motion
Authors: Cutting James E. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In 1973, Gunnar Johansson launched the systematic study of the perception of the human body in motion. Merging his applied interests in traffic safety and his theoretical interests in vector analysis and decomposition, Johansson produced captivating displays of people dancing and doing other ordinary activities, but with the people represented only by lights on their joints. This chapter discusses Johansson’s research and some of my own follow-up on his ideas, serving as background for ideas in this volume.
Action Perception from a Common Coding Perspective
Authors: van der Wel Robrecht P. R. D. , Sebanz Natalie , Knoblich Günther 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the evidence suggesting that action perception depends upon the interplay of perceptual and motor processes and discusses the implications of such perception–action coupling. The existence of the mirror neuron system, the impact of motor expertise on action perception, and the influence of motor constraints on action perception are discussed as support for the common coding hypothesis. The coupling of the perception and action systems also allows observers to accurately predict the actions of others and to differentiate self-generated from other-generated actions.