bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of SUMO1 and ATP affinity for the SUMO E1by quantitative FRET technology
Authors: Wiryawan Hilda , Dan Kevin , Etuale Myra , Shen Yali , Liao Jiayu 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSUMOylation plays important roles in many key physiological and pathological processes. The SUMOylation cascade involves a heterodimer of activating enzyme, E1 (Aos1/Uba2); a conjugating enzyme, E2 (Ubc9); and many ligase enzymes, E3. Focusing on the activation step of the SUMOylation process, we examined the interaction of E1 with its substrates. Previous studies reported the Km of E1 enzymes in ubiquitin and other ubiquitin‐like pathways, but the Km of the SUMO paralogs (SUMO2 and SUMO3) is unknown. Here, by using quantitative FRET to measure the SUMO E1 enzyme kinetics of SUMO1, 2, and 3 and ATP under steady state conditions, we found that the enzyme kinetics from the quantitative FRET method are comparable to those from conventional radioactive assays. Additionally, the kinetic constants, Km, of SUMO2 (3.418 ± 0.9131 μM) and SUMO3 (2.764 ± 0.75 μM) [FW1] are approximately four to five times higher than that of SUMO1 Km (0.7458 ± 0.1105 μM). These results demonstrate the advantages of FRET technology for determining Km, including the ability to monitor reaction progress in real‐time with high‐throughput and high‐sensitivity in an environmentally friendly manner. The processes discussed here extend the utility of quantitative FRET in characterizing protein–protein interactions and enzyme kinetics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 652–658. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of a multi‐stage, multi‐subunit malaria vaccine candidate for the production in Pichia pastoris by the identification and removal of protease cleavage sites
Authors: Spiegel Holger , Schinkel Helga , Kastilan Robin , Dahm Pia , Boes Alexander , Scheuermayer Matthias , Chudobová Ivana , Maskus Dominika , Fendel Rolf , Schillberg Stefan , Reimann Andreas , Fischer Rainer 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTWe demonstrated the successful optimization of a recombinant multi‐subunit malaria vaccine candidate protein for production in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris by the identification and subsequent removal of two protease cleavage sites. After observing protein degradation in the culture supernatant of a fed‐batch fermentation, the predominant proteolytic fragment of the secreted recombinant protein was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The MS data indicated the cleavage of an amino acid sequence matching the yeast KEX2‐protease consensus motif EKRE. The cleavage in this region was completely abolished by the deletion of the EKRE motif in a modified variant. This modified variant was produced, purified, and used for immunization of rabbits, inducing high antigen specific antibody titers (2 × 106). Total IgG from rabbit immune sera recognized different stages of Plasmodium falciparum parasites in immunofluorescence assays, indicating native folding of the vaccine candidate. However, the modified variant was still degraded, albeit into different fragments. Further analysis by mass spectrometry and N‐terminal sequencing revealed a second cleavage site downstream of the motif PEVK. We therefore removed a 17‐amino‐acid stretch including the PEVK motif, resulting in the subsequent production of the full‐length recombinant vaccine candidate protein without significant degradation, with a yield of 53 mg per liter culture volume. We clearly demonstrate that the proteolytic degradation of recombinant proteins by endogenous P. pastoris proteases can be prevented by the identification and removal of such cleavage sites. This strategy is particularly relevant for the production of recombinant subunit vaccines, where product yield and stability play a more important role than for the production of a stringently‐defined native sequence which is necessary for most therapeutic molecules. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 659–667. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Electronic Structure and Photochemistry of Coordinatively Unsaturated Complexes: The Case of Nickel Bis‐dinitrogen, Ni(N2)2
Authors: Hübner Olaf , Manceron Laurent , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe electronic ground and excited states of the coordinatively unsaturated complex Ni(η1‐N2)2, isolated in an Ar matrix, are analyzed in detail by vibrational and electronic absorption and emission spectroscopies allied with quantum chemical calculations. The bond force constants are determined from a normal coordinate analysis and compared with those of the isoelectronic carbonyl complex. The consequences for the bond properties are discussed, and the trend in the force constants is compared with the standard formation enthalpies. The linear complex Ni(η1‐N2)2 with two terminal dinitrogen ligands can be photoisomerized to two isomeric, metastable forms Ni(η1‐N2)(η2‐N2) and Ni(η2‐N2)2, with one and two side‐on coordinated dinitrogen ligands, respectively.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple DNA Targets by Integrating Dual‐Color Graphene Quantum Dot Nanoprobes and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Qian Zhaosheng , Shan Xiaoyue , Chai Lujing , Chen Jianrong , Feng Hui 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSimultaneous detection of multiple DNA targets was achieved based on a biocompatible graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) platform through spontaneous assembly between dual‐color GQD‐based probes and CNTs and subsequently self‐recognition between DNA probes and targets.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions of meso‐Bromosubporphyrin: Synthesis of a Thiopyrane‐Fused Subporphyrin
Authors: Shimizu Daiki , Mori Hirotaka , Kitano Masaaki , Cha Won‐Young , Oh Juwon , Tanaka Takayuki , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: October 2014

Abstractmeso‐Bromosubporphyrin undergoes nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions with arylamines, diarylamines, phenols, ethanol, thiophenols, and n‐butanethiol in the presence of suitable bases to provide the corresponding substitution products. The SNAr reactions also proceed well with pyrrole, indole, and carbazole to provide substitution products in moderate to good yields. Finally, the SNAr reaction with 2‐bromothiophenol and subsequent intramolecular peripheral arylation reaction affords a thiopyrane‐fused subporphyrin.
Studies Towards the Synthesis of Medermycin via Dötz Benzannulation
Authors: Qu Chunrong , Tang Erqing , Loeppky Richard , Deng Zixin , Pulley Shon R. , Hong Xuechuan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe C‐arylglycosides are available in enantiomerically pure form via the Dötz benzannulation reaction between Fischer alkenyl chromium carbene complexes and alkynes; it also could be converted to a precursor of medermycin by O‐carbamate directed ipso bromination and nitrile substitution in good overall yields. Chirality 27:18–22, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prognostic value of pretreatment circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in oropharyngeal cancer stratified by human papillomavirus status
Authors: Huang Shao Hui , Waldron John N. , Milosevic Michael , Shen Xiaowei , Ringash Jolie , Su Jie , Tong Li , Perez‐Ordonez Bayardo , Weinreb Ilan , Bayley Andrew J. , Kim John , Hope Andrew , Cho B.C. John , Giuliani Meredith , Razak Albiruni , Goldstein David , Shi Willa , Liu Fei‐Fei , Xu Wei , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the pretreatment circulating neutrophil count (CNC), circulating monocyte count (CMC), and circulating lymphocyte count (CLC) in human papillomavirus (HPV)–related (HPV+) and HPV‐unrelated (HPV–) oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).METHODSAll p16‐confirmed HPV+ and HPV– OPC cases treated with chemoradiotherapy from 2000 to 2010 were included. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were compared for high and low CNCs, CMCs, and CLCs (dichotomized by median values). A multivariate analysis (MVA) confirmed their prognostic value in HPV+ and HPV– tumors, respectively.RESULTSFive hundred ten HPV+ OPC cases and 192 HPV– OPC cases were included. The HPV+ cohort had lower CNC and CMC values but a CLC similar to that of the HPV– patients (P < .01). The median follow‐up was 4.8 years. In the HPV+ cohort, a high CNC or CMC correlated with reduced OS and RFS in comparison with a low CNC or CMC (P < .01 for all), but no difference was evident in OS (P = .30) or RFS (P = .10) with the CLC. MVA confirmed that a higher CNC or CMC independently predicted lower OS (hazard ratio [HR] for CNC, 1.14, P < .01; HR for CMC, 2.95, P < .01) and lower RFS (HR for CNC, 1.11, P < .01; HR for CMC, 3.39, P < .01), whereas a higher CLC was associated with higher RFS (HR, 0.66, P = .03) and marginally higher OS (HR, 0.80, P = .08). In the HPV– cohort, CNC, CMC, and CLC were not predictive of OS (P = .16, P = .86, and P = .14) or RFS (P = .61, P = .59, and P = .62).CONCLUSIONSThis relatively large cohort study demonstrates that a high CNC and a high CMC independently predict inferior OS and RFS, whereas a high CLC predicts better RFS and marginally better OS in HPV+ OPC patients. This association was not apparent in HPV– patients. Cancer 2015;121:545–555. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Photoelectrochemical and Photovoltaic Characteristics of Amorphous‐Silicon‐Based Tandem Cells as Photocathodes for Water Splitting
Authors: Ziegler Jürgen , Kaiser Bernhard , Jaegermann Wolfram , Urbain Félix , Becker Jan‐Philipp , Smirnov Vladimir , Finger Friedhelm 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this study amorphous silicon tandem solar cells are successfully utilized as photoelectrodes in a photoelectrochemical cell for water electrolysis. The tandem cells are modified with various amounts of platinum and are combined with a ruthenium oxide counter electrode. In a two‐electrode arrangement this system is capable of splitting water without external bias with a short‐circuit current of 4.50 mA cm−2. On the assumption that no faradaic losses occur, a solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 5.54 % is achieved. In order to identify the relevant loss processes, additional three‐electrode measurements were performed for each involved half‐cell.
Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of Nonfullerene Electron Acceptors
Authors: Fang Yuan , Pandey Ajay K. , Lyons Dani M. , Shaw Paul E. , Watkins Scott E. , Burn Paul L. , Lo Shih‐Chun , Meredith Paul 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBroad spectral coverage over the solar spectrum is necessary for photovoltaic technologies and is a focus for organic solar cells. We report a series of small‐molecule, nonfullerene electron acceptors containing the [(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)methylene]malononitrile unit as a high electron affinity component. The optoelectronic properties of these molecules were fine‐tuned with the objective of attaining strong absorption at longer wavelengths by changing the low‐ionization‐potential moiety. The electron‐accepting function of these materials was investigated with poly(3‐n‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a standard electron donor. Significant photocurrent generation in the near infrared region, with an external quantum yield reaching as high as 22 % at 700 nm and an onset >800 nm was achieved. The results support efficient hole transfer to P3HT taking place after light absorption by the acceptor molecules. A Channel II‐dominated power conversion efficiency of up to 1.5 % was, thus, achieved.
Tailoring Dispersion and Aggregation of Au Nanoparticles in the BHJ Layer of Polymer Solar Cells: Plasmon Effects versus Electrical Effects
Authors: Kim Wanjung , Cha Bong Geun , Kim Jung Kyu , Kang Woonggi , Kim Eunchul , Ahn Tae Kyu , Wang Dong Hwan , Du Qing Guo , Cho Jeong Ho , Kim Jaeyun , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPlasmonic effects that arise from embedding metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively studied. Many researchers have utilized metallic NPs in PSCs by either incorporating them into the PSC interlayers (e.g., the hole extraction and electron extraction layers) or blending them into the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer. In such studies, the dispersity of the metallic NPs in each layer may vary due to both the different nature of the ligands and the amount of ligands on the metallic NPs. This in turn can produce different PSC performance parameters. Here, we systematically control the amount of attached organic ligands on Au NPs to control their dispersion behavior in the BHJ active layer of PSCs. By controlling the number of capping organic ligands on the Au NPs, the dispersity of the NPs in the BHJ layer is also controlled and the positive effects (particularly the plasmonic and electrical effects) of the Au NPs in the PSCs are investigated. From the obtained results, we find that the electrical contribution of the Au NPs is a more dominant factor for enhancing cell efficiency when compared to the plasmonic effect.
Do highly ornamented and less parasitized males have high quality sperm? – an experimental test for parasite‐induced reproductive trade‐offs in European minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus)
Authors: Kekäläinen Jukka , Pirhonen Juhani , Taskinen Jouni 
Published: October 2014

AbstractParasites take their resources from hosts and thus directly reduce available resources for hosts’ own body functions, such as growth and reproduction. Furthermore, parasite infections cause significant indirect costs to their hosts in terms of increased investments on immune defense. In this study, we investigated the impact of parasite infection on the sperm quality and expression of secondary sexual ornamentation (saturation of the red abdominal colouration and number of breeding tubercles) in the Eurasian minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). We exposed minnows to a high and low dose of common nonspecific fish ectoparasite, the glochidia larvae of duck mussel (Anodonta anatina) and tested whether parasite infection leads to trade‐off in sperm quality and/or ornamental expression. We found that glochidia infection reduces the curvature of the sperm swimming trajectory, number of breeding tubercles, and possibly male competitive ability, but does not affect expression of male color ornamentation. Furthermore, glochidia infection was found to reduce sperm motility, but only when all the noninfected individuals were excluded from the model. Supporting one of the predictions by phenotype‐linked fertility hypothesis both in high‐infection and low‐infection group male breeding colouration was positively associated with sperm quality. Our results suggest that although glochidia infection may have negative impact on male reproductive success, parasite‐induced costs may not create strong trade‐off between breeding colouration and sperm quality or that such trade‐off become detectable only in resource‐limited conditions.
Discretization and Control of Rotating Pendulum under Lebesgue Sampling
Authors: Ohsaki Hiroshi , Iwase Masami , Hatakeyama Shoshiro 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThis study addresses a discretization method with Lebesgue sampling for a type of nonlinear system, and proposes a control method based on the discrete system model. A cart‐pendulum system is used as an example. Applying this control method to some real system, a crucial problem is how to implement the controller. To overcome the problem, an impulsive Luenberger observer is introduced with numerical forward mapping from the current system state to the one‐step‐ahead state by the well‐known Runge–Kutta method. As a result, a cart‐pendulum system with a rotary encoder, whose quantization interval is relatively large, can be controlled effectively. Numerical simulations are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
S = 2 Spin Ladders in the Sulfide Oxide BaFe2S2O
Authors: Valldor Martin , Adler Peter , Prots Yurii , Burkhardt Ulrich , Tjeng Liu Hao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPure powder and small single crystals of BaFe2S2O were obtained by solid‐state reaction between BaO, Fe, and S in closed silica ampoules. The crystal structure contains a magnetic ladderlike sublattice of high‐spin Fe2+ (d6) tetrahedrally coordinated by three S and one O atoms. Strong antiferromagnetic spin interactions are observed far above the Néel transition (TN = 260 K). 57Fe Mössbauer spectra show typical features of Fe2+ as a doublet with large quadrupole splitting above TN and combined electric and magnetic hyperfine interaction in the magnetically ordered phase. A structural transition upon the magnetic order is discussed.
Update on the methods for monitoring UFA oxidation in food products
Authors: Kerrihard Adrian L. , Pegg Ronald B. , Sarkar Anwesha , Craft Brian D. 
Published: October 2014

Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) as well as natural food ingredients containing them are being added to food products more often. Unfortunately, UFAs are susceptible to oxidative degradation, and can therefore reduce the stability of a food matrix. The assessment of oxidation and stability of lipids has never been standardized, and has long included a variety of approaches. These techniques can differ greatly in the reactions/compounds being assessed, and therefore the eventual conclusions may be affected dramatically by selection of methodology. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the methods of historic and current use for the assessment of lipid stability in food products. Accelerated storage tests, assessment methods of lipid oxidation, and rapid indicators of stability are discussed in the contexts of their modern prominences, uses, and concerns.Depiction of breakdown of fatty acids into primary and secondary oxidation products. Examples of data from industry‐standard monitoring techniques are shown.
Wall materials and the presence of antioxidants influence encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of micro‐encapsulated shrimp oil
Authors: Takeungwongtrakul Sirima , Benjakul Soottawat , H‐kittikun Aran 
Published: October 2014

The effect of different mixed wall materials including whey protein concentrate (WPC): sodium caseinate (SC) (1:1, w/w), WPC:SC:gum arabic (1:1:2, w/w/w), WPC:SC:glucose syrup (1:1:2, w/w/w) and WPC:SC:maltodextrin (1:1:2, w/w/w) on micro‐encapsulation of shrimp oil was investigated. The highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) was obtained when the mixture of WPC, SC and glucose syrup was used (84.43–88.19%), while the lowest EE was found for the sample using WPC and SC as wall materials (50.37–53.05%). All powders had low moisture contents (<3.5%) and no difference in volume‐weighted mean particle diameter (d43) was noticeable (P > 0.05). Oxidative stability of shrimp oil micro‐capsules using a mixture of WPC, SC and glucose syrup as wall materials incorporated with different antioxidants was examined during storage at 30°C for 6 weeks. With increasing storage time, an increase in peroxide value (PV) was observed (P < 0.05). The lowest PV was found in those samples with added lemon essential oil + EDTA + tannic acid after 6 weeks of storage (P < 0.05). Thus, the use of appropriate wall materials in combination with antioxidants yielded micro‐encapsulated shrimp oil with high oxidative stability.Practical applications: Shrimp hepatopancreas, a byproduct from shrimp processing industries, is one of the important sources of lipids and astaxanthins, which are susceptible to oxidation. Micro‐encapsulation is a process by which small particles of core materials are covered with wall materials. Wall material is important in developing micro‐encapsulation. Additionally, the use of potential antioxidants in conjunction with micro‐encapsulation is required to enhance oxidative stability of shrimp oil during the extended storage.Impact of wall materials and antioxidants on encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of micro‐encapsulated shrimp oil.
The influence of ground ice distribution on geomorphic dynamics since the Little Ice Age in proglacial areas of two cirque glacier systems
Authors: Bosson Jean‐Baptiste , Deline Philip , Bodin Xavier , Schoeneich Philippe , Baron Ludovic , Gardent Marie , Lambiel Christophe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHolocene glaciers have contributed to an abundance of unstable sediments in mountainous environments. In permafrost environments, these sediments can contain ground ice and are subject to rapid geomorphic activity and evolution under condition of a warming climate. To understand the influence of ground ice distribution on this activity since the Little Ice Age (LIA), we have investigated the Pierre Ronde and Rognes proglacial areas, two cirque glacier systems located in the periglacial belt of the Mont Blanc massif. For the first time, electrical resistivity tomography, temperature data loggers and differential global positioning systems (dGPS) are combined with historical documents and glaciological data analysis to produce a complete study of evolution in time and space of these small landsystems since the LIA. This approach allows to explain spatial heterogeneity of current internal structure and dynamics. The studied sites are a complex assemblage of debris‐covered glacier, ice‐rich frozen debris and unfrozen debris. Ground ice distribution is related to former glacier thermal regime, isolating effect of debris cover, water supply to specific zones, and topography. In relation with this internal structure, present dynamics are dominated by rapid ice melt in the debris‐covered upper slopes, slow creep processes in marginal glacigenic rock glaciers, and weak, superficial reworking in deglaciated moraines. Since the LIA, geomorphic activity is mainly spatially restricted within the proglacial areas. Sediment exportation has occurred in a limited part of the former Rognes Glacier and through water pocket outburst flood and debris flows in Pierre Ronde. Both sites contributed little sediment supply to the downslope geomorphic system, rather by episodic events than by constant supply. In that way, during Holocene and even in a paraglacial context as the recent deglaciation, proglacial areas of cirque glaciers act mostly as sediment sinks, when active geomorphic processes are unable to evacuate sediment downslope, especially because of the slope angle weakness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical implications of recent exodontia before diagnosis of gingival squamous cell carcinoma: A new classification
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Sheng , Chang Chien‐Ming , Hsiao Ying‐Lyung , Chan Man‐Yee , Lee Chun‐Yin , Lee Li‐Tzu , Wong Yong‐Kie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical implications of cases with recent dental extractions to establish a new classification of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsA total of 156 patients were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: type I (dentate; n = 46), type II (edentulous; n = 55), and type III (dental extraction; n = 55). Continuous clinical and treatment variables were analyzed by 1‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) or t test, and categorical variables were evaluated by chi‐square tests. Assessment of 5‐year survival rates were carried out by the Kaplan–Meier analysis, and the influence of related factors was evaluated by the log‐rank test.ResultThe 55 type III patients showed a high probability of bony invasion (80%) and a lower 5‐year survival rate (48%) than the other 2 groups.ConclusionOur proposed classification may help clinicians to identify patients with gingival SCC who present with more advanced disease status. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 339–346, 2016