bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes and Safety of Endoscopic Tarsal Tunnel Decompression
Authors: Gkotsoulias Efthymios N. , Simonson Devin C. , Roukis Thomas S. 
Published: December 2013

Open surgical decompression of the tarsal tunnel is the standard surgical approach for compression of the tibial nerve within the tarsal tunnel. Complications associated with this approach can be significant and periods of non–weight bearing are required. An alternative approach allowing for minimal soft tissue trauma and reduced time to ambulation is therefore desirable. Endoscopic tarsal tunnel decompression may provide such an alternative. The authors performed a systematic review of electronic databases and other relevant sources to identify material regarding the safety of endoscopic tarsal tunnel decompression. Only articles that included clear information concerning the safety of endoscopic tarsal tunnel decompression with a follow-up of at least 12 months were included. Three studies were identified involving 37 feet, with a weighted mean follow-up of 27 months. There were no permanent complications relating to iatrogenic nerve injury, deep infection, or prolonged wound healing problems documented despite initiating ambulation within one week of surgery. Two patients (5.6%) developed recurrence more than 2 years postoperative and one (2.7%) showed no improvement. Endoscopic tarsal tunnel decompression is a safe procedure with a low rate of recurrence or failure and allows for near-immediate ambulation. However, additional prospective investigations comparing open and endoscopic approaches to tarsal tunnel decompression are warranted. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, Systematic analysis of Level IV studies
The Use of Dual C-Arms During Fixation of Calcaneal Fractures
Authors: Abousayed Mostafa M. , Toussaint Rull James , Kwon John Y. 
Published: December 2013

We describe a simple technique using dual C-arms (large and mini C-arm together) for open reduction internal fixation of calcaneal fractures in the lateral decubitus position that (1) decreases the difficulty of obtaining proper intraoperative imaging; (2) limits C-arm movement, which decreases risk of contamination and operative time; and (3) minimizes the drawbacks of each imaging fluoroscopic modality. Levels of Evidence: Level V, Technical tip, Expert opinion
In Vivo Kinematics of the Talocrural and Subtalar Joints During Weightbearing Ankle Rotation in Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Kobayashi Takumi , Saka Masayuki , Suzuki Eiichi , Yamazaki Naohito , Suzukawa Makoto , Akaike Atsushi , Shimizu Kuniaki , Gamada Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2013

Background. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) results in abnormal ankle kinematics, but there exists limited quantitative data characterizing these alterations. This study was undertaken to investigate kinematic alterations of the talocrural and subtalar joints in CAI. Methods. A total of 14 male patients with unilateral CAI (mean age = 21.1 ± 2.5 years) were enrolled. Computed tomography and fluoroscopic imaging of both lower extremities during weightbearing passive ankle joint complex (AJC) rotation were obtained. Three-dimensional bone models created from the computed tomography images were matched with the fluoroscopic images to compute the 6 degrees-of-freedom talocrural, subtalar, and AJC kinematics. Results. In 20° plantarflexion, ankles with CAI demonstrated significantly increased anterior translation of the talocrural joint during AJC internal rotation from 5° to 7° and significantly decreased talocrural internal rotation within an AJC arc of motion from −1° to 5°. CAI joints demonstrated significantly increased internal rotation of the subtalar joint within an AJC arc of motion from −1° to 3°. Discussion. In CAI, altered subtalar internal rotation occurs with increased talocrural anterior translation and reduced talocrural internal rotation during weightbearing ankle internal rotation in plantarflexion. These results suggest that altered subtalar mechanics may contribute to CAI symptoms. Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic, Level IV, Cross-sectional
Using health trainers to promote self-management of chronic pain: can it work?
Authors: Harris Janet , Williams Tim , Hart Ollie , Hanson Chris , Johnstone Gareth , Muthana Aziz , Nield Chris 
Published: December 2013

Background: In 2011, the Sheffield Primary Care Trust piloted a Health Trainer (HT) programme targeted specifically to people with chronic pain. The programme aimed to determine whether patients presenting to primary care with chronic pain would benefit from self-management support, thereby reducing the burden on primary care and secondary care services. Methods: We conducted a formative mixed-methods evaluation of the pilot programme, focusing on four aspects of implementation: general practitioner (GP) referral to the programme, HT’s ability to use cognitive behavioural (CB) approaches, short-term outcomes for clients and adequacy of resources. Qualitative data were collected via interviews with GPs, HTs and the chronic pain team; supervision sessions with HTs; and client case studies. Quantitative data were collected on satisfaction with training, HT’s self-reported confidence to implement CB and clients’ self-rated well-being before and after participation. Results: A total of 143 clients with pain for 1 year or more were referred, exceeding the projected 90 referrals by over 50%. A total of 70% of the clients came from the most deprived areas of Sheffield, 40% were listed as permanently sick/disabled and only 20% were working. Qualitative analysis indicated that the CB training was delivered as intended. Clients reported that 75% of their goals were either achieved or partly achieved, and at follow-up 43% of them reported maintaining strategies for self-management. Financial resources were supplemented by indirect resources, including GP ‘champions’ with a special interest in pain, and a multidisciplinary chronic pain team. The prior history of working with community organizations was critical in ensuring credibility in client communities and addressing client needs. Conclusion: A HT programme promoting self-management of chronic pain can be successfully implemented when supported by community organisations. Preliminary data indicate that the programme can be instrumental in helping clients to actively participate in identifying their own problems, set achievable goals for self-management and successfully manage the challenges of everyday life. Summary points Community-based Health Trainer programmes can be successfully established to promote self-management of chronic pain among clients in the deprived areas using multidisciplinary pain management teams. Utilising a community organization infrastructure that has experience of delivering successful programmes was instrumental in ensuring credibility of the initiative and access for clients. Health trainers can integrate cognitive behavioral training with their existing skills to work with clients who have chronic pain.
Early molecular response predicts outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase treated with frontline nilotinib or imatinib
Authors: Hughes Timothy P. , Saglio Giuseppe , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Guilhot François , Niederwieser Dietger , Rosti Gianantonio , Nakaseko Chiaki , De Souza Carmino Antonio , Kalaycio Matt E. , Meier Stephan , Fan Xiaolin , Menssen Hans D. , Larson Richard A. , Hochhaus Andreas 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
More patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase achieve EMR on frontline nilotinib than imatinib. EMR failure on frontline nilotinib or imatinib predicts poor outcomes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase.
Constitutive activation of STAT5A and STAT5B regulates IgM secretion in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: Hodge Lucy S. , Ziesmer Steven C. , Yang Zhi-Zhang , Secreto Frank J. , Novak Anne J. , Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
STAT5 is constitutively phosphorylated in malignant B cells obtained from patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Inhibition of STAT5 signaling significantly decreases IgM production and may be useful therapeutically for patients with high IgM levels.
Results of an open-label multicenter phase 2 trial of lenalidomide monotherapy in refractory mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Authors: Querfeld Christiane , Rosen Steven T. , Guitart Joan , Duvic Madeleine , Kim Youn H. , Dusza Stephen W. , Kuzel Timothy M. 
Published: December 2013

Key Points
Lenalidomide is effective in refractory advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, with an overall response rate of 28%. Patients demonstrate a transient flare reaction in skin, blood, and/or lymph nodes that may be associated with improvement in disease burden.
Gene set bagging for estimating the probability a statistically significant result will replicate
Authors: Jaffe Andrew E , Storey John D , Ji Hongkai , Leek Jeffrey T 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Significance analysis plays a major role in identifying and ranking genes, transcription factor binding sites, DNA methylation regions, and other high-throughput features associated with illness. We propose a new approach, called gene set bagging, for measuring the probability that a gene set replicates in future studies. Gene set bagging involves resampling the original high-throughput data, performing gene-set analysis on the resampled data, and confirming that biological categories replicate in the bagged samples.

Results
Using both simulated and publicly-available genomics data, we demonstrate that significant categories in a gene set enrichment analysis may be unstable when subjected to resampling. We show our method estimates the replication probability (R), the probability that a gene set will replicate as a significant result in future studies, and show in simulations that this method reflects replication better than each set’s p-value.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that gene lists based on p-values are not necessarily stable, and therefore additional steps like gene set bagging may improve biological inference on gene sets.
c-Jun N-terminal kinase in synergistic neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells mediated through P90RSK
Authors: Seow Kok Huei , Zhou Lihan , Stephanopoulos Gregory , Too Heng-Phon 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundSynergistic multi-ligand treatments that can induce neuronal differentiation offer valuable strategies to regulate and modulate neurite outgrowth. Whereas the signaling pathways mediating single ligand-induced neurite outgrowth, such as Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38), have been extensively studied, the mechanisms underlying multi-ligand synergistic neurite outgrowth are poorly understood. In an attempt to gain insight into synergistic neurite outgrowth, PC12 cells were treated with one of three combinations: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) with epidermal growth factor (EP), basic fibroblast growth factor (FP), or nerve growth factor (NP) and then challenged with the appropriate kinase inhibitors to assess the signaling pathways involved in the process.ResultsResponse surface analyses indicated that synergistic neurite outgrowth was regulated by distinct pathways in these systems. Synergistic increases in the phosphorylation of Erk and JNK, but not Akt or P38, were observed with the three growth factor-PACAP combinations. Unexpectedly, we identified a synergistic increase in JNK phosphorylation, which was involved in neurite outgrowth in the NP and FP, but not EP, systems. Inhibition of JNK using the SP600125 inhibitor reduced phosphorylation of 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (P90RSK) in the NP and FP, but not EP, systems. This suggested the involvement of P90RSK in mediating the differential effects of JNK in synergistic neurite outgrowth.ConclusionsTaken together, these findings reveal the involvement of distinct signaling pathways in regulating neurite outgrowth in response to different synergistic growth factor-PACAP treatments. Our findings demonstrate a hitherto unrecognized mechanism of JNK-P90RSK in mediating synergistic neurite outgrowth induced by the co-treatment of growth factors and PACAP.
Trastuzumab mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and phagocytosis to the same extent in both adjuvant and metastatic HER2/neu breast cancer patients
Authors: Petricevic Branka , Laengle Johannes , Singer Josef , Sachet Monika , Fazekas Judit , Steger Guenther , Bartsch Rupert , Jensen-Jarolim Erika , Bergmann Michael 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAb), such as trastuzumab are a valuable addition to breast cancer therapy. Data obtained from neoadjuvant settings revealed that antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is a major mechanism of action for the mAb trastuzumab. Conflicting results still call into question whether disease progression, prolonged treatment or concomitant chemotherapy influences ADCC and related immunological phenomena.MethodsWe analyzed the activity of ADCC and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) positive breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab therapy either in an adjuvant (n = 13) or metastatic (n = 15) setting as well as from trastuzumab treatment-naive (t-naive) HER2/neu negative patients (n = 15). PBMCs from healthy volunteers (n = 24) were used as controls. ADCC and ADCP activity was correlated with the expression of antibody binding Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR)I (CD64), FcγRII (CD32) and FcγRIII (CD16) on CD14+ (monocytes) and CD56+ (NK) cells, as well as the expression of CD107a+ (LAMP-1) on CD56+ cells and the total amount of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ (Treg) cells. In metastatic patients, markers were correlated with progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsADCC activity was significantly down regulated in metastatic, adjuvant and t-naive patient cohorts as compared to healthy controls. Reduced ADCC activity was inversely correlated with the expression of CD107a on CD56+ cells in adjuvant patients. ADCC and ADCP activity of the patient cohorts were similar, regardless of treatment duration or additional chemotherapy. PFS in metastatic patients inversely correlated with the number of peripheral Tregcells.ConclusionThe reduction of ADCC in patients as compared to healthy controls calls for adjuvant strategies, such as immune-enhancing agents, to improve the activity of trastuzumab. However, efficacy of trastuzumab-specific ADCC and ADCP appears not to be affected by treatment duration, disease progression or concomitant chemotherapy. This finding supports the application of trastuzumab at any stage of the disease.
Performance analysis of interference-limited dual-hop multiple antenna AF relaying systems with feedback delay
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Huang Yuzhen , Zhong Caijun , Al-Qahtani Fawaz , Wu Qihui , Cheng Yunpeng 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we present a comprehensive performance analysis of dual-hop multiple antenna channel state information (CSI) assisted amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying systems over Rayleigh fading channels employing arbitrary transmit antenna selection (TAS) and receiver maximum ratio combining (MRC) with feedback delay in the presence of co-channel interference (CCI) at both the relay and destination. Specifically, an upper bound on the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end-to-end signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) is proposed, based on which closed-form expressions for the outage probability and the average symbol error rate (SER) are derived. To gain further insights, simple and high informative expressions for the outage probability and the average SER are obtained at the high SIR regime, which readily enable us to characterize the achievable diversity order and coding gain of the system. Moreover, we present new analytical upper and lower bounds for the ergodic capacity of the system, which apply to the system with arbitrary number of antennas, CCI and feedback delay at any SIRs. Finally, to minimize the outage probability of the system, an optimum power allocation scheme is devised under the total transmission power constraint between the source and the relay. The findings suggest that the feedback delay limits the diversity order to one, while the CCI degrades the outage performance by affecting the coding gain of the system.
Existence and multiplicity of positive bound states for Schrödinger equations
Authors: Sheng Sun , Wang Fanglei , An Tianqing 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive bound states of non-autonomous systems of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. The proof is based on the fixed point theorems in a cone.

MSC:34B15, 35J20.
Evaluating larval mosquito resource partitioning in western Kenya using stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Gilbreath Thomas M , Kweka Eliningaya J , Afrane Yaw A , Githeko Andrew K , Yan Guiyun 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria, transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito, remains one of the foremost public health concerns. Anopheles gambiae, the primary malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa, is typically associated with ephemeral, sunlit habitats; however, An. gambiae larvae often share these habitats with other anophelines along with other disease-transmitting and benign mosquito species. Resource limitations within habitats can constrain larval density and development, and this drives competitive interactions among and between species.

Methods
We used naturally occurring stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen to identify resource partitioning among co-occurring larval species in microcosms and natural habitats in western Kenya. We used two and three source mixing models to estimate resource utilization (i.e. bacteria, algae, organic matter) by larvae.

Results
Laboratory experiments revealed larval δ13C and δ15N composition to reflect the food sources they were reared on. Resource partitioning was demonstrated between An. gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae sharing the same microcosms. Differences in larval δ13C and δ15N content was also evident in natural habitats, and Anopheles species were consistently more enriched in δ13C when compared to culicine larvae.

Conclusions
These observations demonstrate inter-specific resource partitioning between Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. gambiae larvae in natural habitats in western Kenya. This information may be translated into opportunities for targeted larval control efforts by limiting specific larval food resources, or through bio-control utilizing competitors at the same trophic level.
Recovery of Endocrine and Inflammatory Mediators Following an Extended Energy Deficit
Authors: Henning Paul C. , Scofield Dennis E. , Spiering Barry A. , Staab Jeffery S. , Matheny Ronald W. , Smith Martha A. , Bhasin Shalender , Nindl Bradley C. 
Published: December 2013

Context:
Due to current operational requirements, elite soldiers deploy quickly after completing arduous training courses. Therefore, it is imperative that endocrine and inflammatory mediators have fully recovered.

Objective:
Our objective was to determine whether a short-term (2–6 wk) recovery period was sufficient to restore endocrine and inflammatory homeostasis after sustained energy deficit.

Design:
Before and immediately after the course, serum concentrations of inflammatory and endocrine markers were taken along with anthropometric measures prior to and immediately after the Army Ranger course. In addition, nine soldiers were assessed between 2 and 6 weeks after the course.

Setting:
This research occurred in a field setting during an intensive 8-week military training course characterized by high-energy expenditure, energy restriction, and sleep deprivation (U.S. Army Ranger School).

Participants:
Twenty-three male soldiers (23.0 ± 2.8 y; 177.6 ± 7.9 cm; 81.0 ± 9.6 kg, 16.8 ± 3.9% body fat) participated in this study.

Interventions:
There were no interventions used in this research.

Outcome Measures and Results:
Significant changes occurred in circulating total testosterone (−70%), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (−33%), total IGF-1 (−38.7%), free IGF-1 (−41%), IGF binding protein (IGFBP-6; −23.4%), sex-hormone binding globulin (+46%), thyroid stimulating hormone (+85%), IGFBP-1 (+534.4%), IGFBP-2 (+98.3%), IGFBP-3 (+14.7%), IL-4 (+135%), IL-6 (+217%), and IL-8 (+101%). Significant changes in body mass (−8%), bicep (−14%), forearm (−5%), thigh (−7%), and calf (−2%) circumferences, sum of skinfolds (−52%), and percentage body fat (−54%). All anthropometric, inflammatory, and hormonal values, except T3, were restored to baseline levels within 2–6 weeks after the course.

Conclusions:
Endocrine markers and anthropometric measures were degraded, and inflammatory mediators increased after an extended energy deficit. A short-term recovery of 2–6 weeks was sufficient to restore these mediators.
Placental chorioangioma: literature review
Authors: Fan Miaoying , Skupski Daniel W. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic tumor of the placenta. It is derived from primitive chorionic mesenchyme and is typically vascular. Placenta chorioangiomas occur in approximately 1% of pregnancies. Most placental chorioangiomas are small and are not clinically important. However, those measuring more than 4–5 cm in diameter may be associated with maternal and fetal complications. Early diagnosis, close prenatal surveillance and appropriate intervention may prevent severe complications and perinatal mortality caused by chorioangioma. Here we review the incidence, prenatal diagnosis, complications, the pathophysiological mechanisms of maternal and fetal complications, and the therapeutic possibilities in pregnancies complicated by placental chorioangiomas.
Mother knows best? Comparing primiparous parturients’ expectations and predictions with actual birth outcomes
Authors: Bar-On Shikma , Benyamini Yael , Ebrahimoff Mindy , Many Ariel 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Objective: The literature provides no clear evidence linking maternal optimism/pessimism to birth outcomes. Our objective was to determine whether maternal expectations and predictions regarding mode of delivery and epidural anesthesia aligned with birth outcomes.

Methods: Primiparous, low-risk pregnant women at term filled in questionnaires in which they rated their chances of a vaginal delivery (VD) or a cesarean section (CS), and their intention to receive epidural anesthesia. Their responses were compared to actual outcomes.

Results: Pre-birth perceptions of odds of delivery by a CS were significantly higher (P=0.04) among women who eventually had a vacuum extraction (VE) or CS as a result of an arrest disorder, compared with women who had a VD and those who had a CS or a VE due to non-reassuring fetal heart monitor. Intention to receive epidural anesthesia was significantly lower (P<0.001) among women who gave birth without it.

Conclusion: The pessimistic pre-birth perceptions of women of high odds for a CS may be related to an increased risk of arrest disorders of labor. However, the prenatal assessments of primiparous women are poor predictors of their demand for epidural anesthesia during labor. Larger-scale studies to determine whether pre-partum psychological interventions may contribute to the process of labor and improve obstetric outcomes are warranted