bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical Appraisal and Review of Management Strategies for Severe Fibrosis During Penile Implant Surgery
Authors: Trost Landon , Patil Mukul , Kramer Andrew 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Penile corporal fibrosis represents a challenging clinical scenario for surgeons placing penile prostheses (PP). Because of its rarity, a small number of series with limited follow-up have reported outcomes in this cohort.

Aim
The aim of this study was to perform a critical appraisal of the corporal excavation technique, discuss its relevance to contemporary practice, and review alternative surgical methods and outcomes.

Methods
A critical review was performed of the 2006 article by Montague and Angermeier, “Corporeal excavation: new technique for penile prosthesis implantation in men with severe corporeal fibrosis.” Notable inclusions and omissions were described, with emphasis placed on methodology and outcomes. A PubMed search from 1990 to June 2015 was then performed to review and summarize the literature on managing corporal fibrosis during PP surgery.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures used were the major contributions and limitations of the 2006 article describing outcomes of the corporal excavation technique.

Results
Corporal excavation is a relevant surgical technique for managing severe corporal fibrosis. Compared with alternatives, excavation achieves successful placement of PP without need for grafting and with few complications. The article was limited by several notable omissions including relevant patient demographic and disease characteristics, patient selection, and minimal descriptions of complications and outcomes. Alternative techniques include use of specialized dilators, counter incisions, reconstruction with graft placement, minimal scar tissue excision, and endoscopic resection. Because of limited data, no specific algorithm for managing corporal fibrosis can be prescribed.

Conclusions
Corporal fibrosis is a challenging clinical scenario and requires surgical experience and specialized techniques to manage appropriately. Corporal excavation represents one of several viable techniques, which may be chosen based on surgeon’s preference and clinical factors.
Management of Perforation Injuries During and Following Penile Prosthesis Surgery
Authors: Stember Doron S. , Kohler Tobias S. , Morey Allen F. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Distal extrusion of penile prosthesis cylinders is a challenging problem that is associated with pain and imminent erosion through penile skin. Distal extrusion and other perforation injuries, including crural and urethral, are other manifestations of tunica albuginea injuries that result in poor clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Aim
A description of Dr. John Mulcahy’s landmark article for management of lateral extrusion is presented along with discussion of techniques for managing other types of perforation injuries associated with penile implants.

Methods
Dr. Mulcahy’s original article is reviewed and critiqued. Surgical methods to manage perforation injuries are discussed.

Main Outcomes Measures
The main outcome measures used were the review of original article, subsequent articles, and commentary by Dr. Mulcahy.

Results
Knowledge of techniques for management intraoperative and postoperative complications related to tunical perforation is necessary for implant surgeons.

Conclusions
Perforation injuries are challenging noninfectious complications of penile prosthesis surgery. Familiarity with techniques to manage these problems is essential for ensuring good outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Technological Improvements in Three-Piece Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Design over the Past 40 Years
Authors: Pastuszak Alexander W. , Lentz Aaron C. , Farooq Ahmer , Jones Leroy , Bella Anthony J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The advent of the penile prosthesis revolutionized the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED), resulting in near-complete treatment efficacy and high patient satisfaction rates. While several types of penile prosthesis are available, the inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is the most commonly used device in the United States.

Aims
To describe the key modifications to IPPs from the two major manufacturers—American Medical Systems (AMS) and Coloplast—since the invention of the IPP, and to relate these changes to improvements in prosthesis function and patient outcomes based on available literature.

Methods
Review and evaluation of the literature between 1973 and present describing modifications in IPP design and the influence of these modifications on IPP durability and patient-related factors.

Main Outcome Measures
Data describing the impact of iterative improvements in three-piece IPP design on device function, durability, and patient outcomes.

Results
There were progressive improvements in IPP technology from both major manufacturers not only on the durability of the prosthesis but also on patient outcomes, with fewer device failures and lower infection rates. Notable improvements include incorporation of kink-resistant tubing, changes in the weave or addition of shear- and infection-resistant coatings to cylinder layers, pump and tubing connection modifications, the addition of rear tip extenders, and the incorporation of lockout valves to prevent autoinflation.

Conclusions
Numerous incremental modifications to the IPP from both major manufacturers since its invention have increased its durability and improved patient outcomes.
The Evolution of the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reservoir and Surgical Placement
Authors: Hakky Tariq , Lentz Aaron , Sadeghi-Nejad Hossein , Khera Mohit 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The traditional inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) reservoir placement is below the transversalis fascia in the space of Retzius. In 2002, Dr. Steve Wilson described ectopic reservoir placement, thereby providing a safe and effective alternative for implant surgeons. This new approach obviated the need for a second incision and decreased operative times during surgery. In the manuscript, he also described the introduction of a reservoir lock-out valve, which prevents autoinflation of the penile implant. The development of lockout valves and flat reservoirs has contributed to the early success and feasibility of submuscular placement techniques. Thirteen years after Dr. Wilson’s pivotal study, this technique should be in the armamentarium of all urologic prosthetic surgeons. Accordingly, in certain subsets of patients, ectopic/ submuscular reservoir site placement should be considered a safe, effective alternative to standard reservoir placement in the space of Retzius.
A Pilot Study on Ultrasound Elastography for Evaluation of Mechanical Characteristics and Oral Strategy of Gels
Authors: Gao Zhihong , Nakao Satomi , Ishihara Sayaka , Funami Takahiro , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUltrasound elastography as a simple and noninvasive method was used to evaluating the texture of gels. Three gellan gum gels with different mechanical characteristics and sonagel which has the similar elastic modulus to that of the human tongue were used. The combination of sonagel and gellan gels was lightly compressed and released cyclically with an ultrasound probe with 1–2 Hz. We obtained the strain for each cycle, and analyzed the results using the maximum values of strains. We found that the strain ratio between the gellan gel and the sonagel increased with the decrease of gellan gel fracture force. And also the oral strategy changes from teeth mastication to tongue–palate compression with the increase in the strain ratio. Strain obtained by ultrasound elastography is revealed as an important parameter that indicates the mechanical characteristics and even oral strategy of gels.Practical ApplicationsInstrumental methods are often used for texture characterization. Normally, probes are made of metal or plastic materials that are much stiffer than foods and completely dissimilar to the tongue. As a noninvasive method, ultrasound tissue elasticity imaging has provided novel diagnostic information regarding tissue diseases. We suggest that ultrasound elastography can be used for food texture evaluation in the present study. It is possible to observe deformation behavior as the tongue–palate compression if the material whose mechanical characteristics is similar to the human tongue was used as an artificial tongue in the method.
How Distinctive Is Philosophers’ Intuition Talk?
Authors: Andow James 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe word “intuition” is one frequently used in philosophy. It is often assumed that the way in which philosophers use the word, and others like it, is very distinctive. This claim has been subjected to little empirical scrutiny, however. This article presents the first steps in a qualitative analysis of the use of intuition talk in the academy. It presents the findings of two preliminary empirical studies. The first study examines the use of intuition talk in spoken academicEnglish. The second examines the use of intuition talk in written academicEnglish. It considers what these studies tell us about the distinctiveness of philosophical language and methods and considers some implications for evaluative and ameliorative methodology.
Video Feedback in Philosophy
Authors: Lamey Andy 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMarginal comments on student essays are a near‐universal method of providing feedback in philosophy. Widespread as the practice is, however, it has well‐known drawbacks. Commenting on students' work in the form of a video has the potential to improve the feedback experience for both instructors and students. The advantages of video feedback can be seen by examining it from both the professor's and the student's perspective. In discussing the professor's perspective, this article shares observations based on the author's experience delivering feedback through video. Turning to the student's view, it discusses qualitative feedback solicited from students that indicates a clear preference for video feedback over written marginalia. In particular, students describe video feedback as more informative, more personal, better at suggesting improvements on future assignments, enhancing the professor's ability to communicate through tone of voice and gesture, and easier to understand compared to written feedback.
Obligations In Medical Crises: Treatment and Protocols
Authors: Duran Jane 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article adduces several lines of argument to try to analyze the need for certain sorts of interventions in medical crises. The recent Ebola crisis is taken as exemplary, and other similarly serious medical situations requiring intervention, such as the endemic presence of Valley fever in parts of California, are alluded to. The overall contention is that our duties in medical crises may be somewhat stronger than previously constructed by analysts. The work of Kuhse and Singer is cited, and the article concludes that there are special moral obligations to respond to international medical emergencies when they arise.
Philosophical Method and Intuitions as Assumptions
Authors: Tobia Kevin Patrick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMany philosophers claim to employ intuitions in their philosophical arguments. Others contest that no such intuitions are used frequently or at all in philosophy. This article suggests and defends a conception of intuitions as part of the philosophical method: intuitions are special types of philosophical assumptions to which we are invited to assent, often as premises in argument, that may serve an independent function in philosophical argument and that are not formed through a purely inferential process. A series of philosophical case studies shows that intuitions in these arguments contain the relevant features. The view has implications for philosophical method, offering a compromise between opponents on the divisive debate of the merits of experimental philosophy: experimental philosophy provides an especially useful role in philosophical assumption analysis.
Getting off the Wheel
Authors: Bondy Patrick , Olson Dustin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRoderick Chisholm argues that in giving an account of knowledge, we must either begin with an account of what knowledge is, and proceed on that basis to identify the particular things that we know, or else start with instances of knowledge, and proceed on that basis to formulate a definition of knowledge. Either approach begs the question against the other. This is the epistemic wheel. This article responds to Chisholm's challenge. It begins with cases of knowledge attribution and builds its account from there, identifying those features that we take to be present in the cases where we have attributed knowledge and those features that seem important when we want to withhold an attribution of knowledge. The proposal does not beg the question against either particularists or methodists; it takes the best features of each view, without beginning with either, and thereby removes us from the wheel.
Effects of 1α‐Calcidol (Alfacalcidol) on Microvascular Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness, and Blood Pressure in Type II Diabetic Nephropathy Patients
Authors: Munisamy Seetha , Daud Kamaliah M. , Mokhtar Siti S. , Rasool Aida H.G 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effects of six months alfacalcidol on microvascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and BP in DN patients.MethodsTwenty‐eight DN patients on alfacalcidol, 0.25 μg daily for six months were compared to 32 controls on conventional treatment. Measurements of microvascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness [AIx and PWV], hsCRP, and BP were performed; differences between baseline and six months treatment were evaluated.ResultsNo difference was seen in microvascular endothelial function for both groups after six months. Improvement in CSBP (p = 0.027) with trends of improvement in AIx (p = 0.063), PWV (p = 0.075), and systolic BP (p = 0.088) were seen in the alfacalcidol group with no changes observed in controls. Subgroup analysis of alfacalcidol group showed that vitamin D‐deficient patients had better response to treatment. hsCRP level remained unchanged in alfacalcidol group; significant increase was however seen in controls.ConclusionAlfacalcidol did not have an effect on microvascular endothelial function in DN patients. Alfacalcidol significantly improved CSBP with trends of improvement in arterial stiffness and peripheral BP. Alfacalcidol appears to be more beneficial in vitamin D‐deficient patients.
Comparative study of non‐parkinsonian and parkinsonian motor symptoms in view of brain activities monitored during thalamotomy
Authors: Miyashita Nobuo , Narabayashi Yohsuke , Oshima Tomokazu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe treat non‐parkinsonian motor disorders by thalamotomy, assuming their pathophysiological similarity to Parkinson's disease (PD).AimWe compared the non‐parkinsonian and parkinsonian brain activities to clarify their similarity and difference.MethodsWe examined patients only with tremor of essential tremor and of unknown origin (NP‐I; n = 8), patients with tremor complicated by other deficits including rigidity and bradykinesia (NP‐II; n = 15), PD patients with rigidity, but no tremor (PD‐I; n = 10), and PD patients with tremor and rigidity (PD‐II; n = 10). Estimation of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia followed the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. We recorded brain local field potentials, multiple unit spikes, and neck and limb electromyograms. Local field potentials were separately rated in bands of 3–7, 7–13, 13–27 and 27–80 Hz.ResultsSurgery alleviated tremor and rigidity. Thalamic 3‐7‐Hz (τ‐range) activities led to tremor in NP‐I as in PD‐II. The amounts of τ‐range activities in NP‐I and II were ranked between PD‐I and II. Thalamic 13‐27‐Hz (β‐band) activities led to rigidity in PDI and II, but were far less in NP‐I, and were ranked in NP‐II between NP‐I and PD groups.ConclusionSurgical alleviation of tremor in NP‐I and PD‐II implicates their common pathophysiology with τ‐range activities. Low β‐band activities in NP‐I assure that their amount is within the physiologically normal level, and suggest that their exaggeration causes parkinsonian rigidity. In all the groups, positive quantitative correlations were found between tremor and τ‐range activities, and between rigidity and β‐band activities.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Leigh syndrome with a novel compound heterozygous SURF1 gene mutation
Authors: Kim Younhee , Koide Reiji , Isozaki Eiji , Goto Yu‐ichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLeigh syndrome is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that mainly arises in infancy or early childhood. In 1998, mutations in the nuclear SURF1 gene, which encodes a protein involved in the cytochrome c oxidase, were identified in patients with Leigh syndrome. We report here a patient with Leigh syndrome carrying a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the SURF1 gene, in whom symmetrical parieto‐occipital cortex and white matter lesions were observed by magnetic resonance imaging, in addition to the characteristic basal ganglia lesions in Leigh syndrome.
What you see is not necessarily what you perceive: Picture agnosia and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sugimoto‐Shiromaru Azusa , Mori Yukiko , Futamura Akinori , Midorikawa Akira , Koyama Shinichi , Kawamura Mitsuru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPicture agnosia has become more significant as a symptom in diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is no standardized test for picture agnosia.AimTo design a picture test for picture agnosia and better understand related 3‐D visual perception.MethodsA total of 10 Alzheimer's disease patients and 10 healthy older adults were recruited as participants. We designed a picture test consisting of real objects, colored photographs and line drawings, and compared response times.ResultsThe average response time to drawings was significantly longer than for real objects and photographs (P < 0.05).ConclusionWe believe the present results provide a foundation for designing a diagnostic picture test.
Cherish the good times: Relational savoring in parents of infants and toddlers
Authors: BURKHART MARGARET L. , BORELLI JESSICA L. , RASMUSSEN HANNAH F. , SBARRA DAVID A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSavoring, or prolonging emotions associated with positive events, improves emotion and life satisfaction; little work, however, focuses on the savoring of interpersonal experiences, termed relational savoring. In a sample of 435 parents, the authors evaluated the impact of relational savoring on emotion and parent–child relationship satisfaction compared to a personal savoring and neutral control condition. Two years later, the authors reassessed parents' feelings of closeness with their children in a subsample of the original participants (n = 64). Both savoring conditions resulted in higher positive emotion for all parents, whereas the effects on negative emotion, relationship satisfaction, and closeness were only present for those higher in attachment avoidance. This study opens new avenues of investigation in both relational savoring and parent–child relationships.
Idiopathic non‐specific interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Belloli Elizabeth A. , Beckford Rosemarie , Hadley Ryan , Flaherty Kevin R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNon‐specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is an interstitial lung disease that may be idiopathic or secondary to connective tissue disease, toxins or numerous other causes. Idiopathic NSIP is a rare diagnosis and requires exclusion of these other possible causes. Patients typically present in mid‐adulthood with dyspnoea, cough and often constitutional symptoms including fever and fatigue. The disease has a female predominance, and more than 50% of patients have never smoked. Physical exam features mild hypoxaemia and inspiratory rales. Pulmonary function tests demonstrate restriction and a low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. High‐resolution computed tomography abnormalities include predominantly lower lobe subpleural reticular changes, traction bronchiectasis and ground‐glass opacities; honeycombing is rarely seen. An evaluation of the underlying pathology is necessary for a firm diagnosis. Histologically, alveolar and interstitial mononuclear cell inflammation and fibrosis are seen in a temporally uniform pattern with preserved underlying alveolar architecture. NSIP must be differentiated from other parenchymal lung diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. A thorough exposure history and assessment for underlying connective tissue diseases are highly important, as positive findings in these categories would likely denote a case of secondary NSIP. A multi‐disciplinary discussion that includes pulmonologist(s), radiologist(s) and pathologist(s) assists in reaching a consensus diagnosis and improves diagnostic accuracy. Treatment of idiopathic NSIP, although not well proven, is generally instituted in the form of immunosuppression. Prognosis is favourable compared with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, although the diagnosis still carries an attributable mortality. Herein we will summarize the clinical characteristics and management of idiopathic NSIP.
Global Liquidity and Commodity Prices
Authors: Kang Hyunju , Yu Bok‐Keun , Yu Jongmin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhile monetary easing and increasing participation of financial institutions in commodity trading have enhanced the financialization of commodity markets, this paper investigates empirically whether the impact of global liquidity on commodity prices has grown since the crisis. For each commodity group, this paper uses a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model to address the short‐run relationship between global liquidity and commodity prices. The key finding is that the effect of global liquidity on commodity prices becomes more salient since the global financial crisis. This paper also suggests a price‐based liquidity indicator has a greater explanatory power for the commodity price dynamics than monetary aggregates.
The relationships among gratitude, self‐esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation among undergraduate students
Authors: Lin Chih‐Che 
Published: November 2015

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among gratitude, self‐esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation. In total, 814 undergraduate participants (259 males and 555 females with mean age of 20.13 years) completed four inventories measuring the variables of interest. Analyses of structural equation modeling found that gratitude had direct effects on individuals' self‐esteem, depression, and suicidal ideation. In addition, gratitude had indirect effects on individuals' suicidal ideation via self‐esteem and depression, and self‐esteem had direct effects on individuals' depression. These results support the proposed model of suicidal ideation and contribute to the understanding of how gratitude influences individuals' suicidal ideation via psychological and physical variables.