bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologic Outcome of ypT1-2N0 Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Compared With pT1-2N0 Rectal Cancer
Authors: Yeop Oh Seung , Bae Kim Young , Wook Suh Kwang 
Published: June 2015

Objective:
To investigate the oncologic outcome of ypT1-2N0 mid and lower rectal cancer after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) compared with pT1-2N0 rectal cancer.

Methods:
We compared the oncologic outcome of patients with mid and lower rectal cancer who underwent preoperative CRT and who did not, between February 2005 and August 2012.

Results:
Compared with patients who did not receive preoperative CRT, patients who received preoperative CRT did not have significantly different clinicopathologic features except clinical stage and distal resection margin. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were lower in patients who received preoperative CRT than those who did not (84.4% vs. 95.5%, P=0.029). Preoperative CRT was a prognostic factor affecting 5-year DFS in patients with pathologically proven stage T1N0 mid and lower rectal cancer (HR, 11.157; 95% CI, 1.735-71.762; P=0.011)

Conclusions:
ypT2N0 rectal cancer after neoadjuvant CRT showed shorter DFS compared with pT2N0 rectal cancer.
Environmental fluctuations do not select for increased variation or population-based resistance inEscherichia coli
Authors: Karve Shraddha Madhav , Tiwary Kanishka , Selveshwari S , Dey Sutirth 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLittle is known about the mechanisms that enable organisms to cope with unpredictable environments. To address this issue, we used replicate populations ofEscherichia coliselected under complex, randomly changing environments. Under four novel stresses that had no known correlation with the selection environments, individual cells of the selected populations had significantly lower lag and greater yield compared to the controls. More importantly, there were no outliers in terms of growth, thus ruling out the evolution of population-based resistance. We also assayed the standing phenotypic variation of the selected populations, in terms of their growth on 94 different substrates. Contrary to expectations, there was no increase in the standing variation of the selected populations, nor was there any significant divergence from the ancestors. This suggested that the greater fitness in novel environments is brought about by selection at the level of the individuals, which restricts the suite of traits that can potentially evolve through this mechanism. Given that day-to-day climatic variability of the world is rising, these results have potential public health implications. Our results also underline the need for a very different kind of theoretical approach to study the effects of fluctuating environments.
Job satisfaction in the multicultural environment of multinational corporations
Authors: Rozkwitalska Malgorzata , Basinska Beata Aleksandra 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Since prior research into the effects of multiculturalism on job satisfaction in multinational corporations (MNCs) is rather scant and inconclusive, the purpose of this paper is to review the literature and explain why these results are inconsistent as well as propose a new model aimed at responding to these irregularities.Design/methodology/approach– In the narrative review of the prior research and the proposed model the authors discuss how multicultural settings influence job satisfaction. A Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) lens is applied to the model.Findings– The effect of multiculturalism on job satisfaction is inconsistent, i.e. the authors concluded that multiculturalism may be positively related to the cognitive component, yet it appears to be negatively associated with the affective one. By applying a POS lens, the proposed model broadens the view on job satisfaction and its links with multiculturalism.Practical implications– The authors’ model suggests that managers in MNCs should both enhance employees’ positive attitudes towards their job as well as foster positive emotions at work. They should exhibit more concern for employees’ affective states and how they affect cross-cultural interactions. Managers of MNCs need to boost thriving as it benefits both employees themselves and their organizations.Social implications– Since today’s societies are becoming more and more multicultural, there is a need to increase individuals’ awareness of plausible positive outcomes flowing from multiculturalism, exchange views and experience among diverse individuals and ensure the conditions in which individuals can thrive.Originality/value– By applying a POS lens to the analysis, the authors attempt to intertwine the positives experienced at work that appear to be associated with MNCs’ multicultural settings, namely job satisfaction and emotional balance. The results may contribute to the literature on job satisfaction in MNCs with regard to multiculturalism.
Explaining and tackling envelope wages in the Baltic Sea region
Authors: Williams Colin C , Horodnic Ioana Alexandra 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to advance a new way of explaining and tackling the illegitimate wage practice where employers pay their employees an undeclared (envelope) wage in addition to their formal salary. Drawing upon institutional theory, it is here proposed that envelope wages result from the lack of alignment of a society’s formal institutions (i.e. the codified laws and regulations) with its informal institutions (i.e. the socially shared unwritten understandings which reflect citizens’ norms, values and beliefs).Design/methodology/approach– To evaluate this, data are reported from a 2013 Eurobarometer survey involving 1,738 face-to-face interviews with formal employees in four Baltic countries, namely, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.Findings– The finding is that the greater is the asymmetry between the formal and informal institutions (i.e. the level of disagreement of citizens with the codified laws and regulations of formal institutions), the higher is the propensity to pay envelope wages. This is the case at both the individual- and country levels.Practical implications– To reduce the prevalence of envelope wages, the resultant argument is that the values of employers and employees need to be aligned with the formal institutions. This requires alterations not only in the informal institutions, using measures such as tax education, awareness raising campaigns and normative appeals, but also changes in formal institutions so as to improve trust in government by fostering greater procedural justice, procedural fairness and redistributive justice.Originality/value– This is the first paper to apply institutional theory to explaining and tackling envelope wages in the Baltic Sea region.
Determining the feasibility of identifying creep rupture of stainless steel cladding tubes on-line using acoustic emission technique
Authors: Mahendra Prabhu N , Gopal K.A. , Murugan S. , Haneef T.K. , Mukhopadhyay C. K. , Venugopal S. , Jayakumar T. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the feasibility of identifying the creep rupture of reactor cladding tubes using acoustic emission technique (AET).

Design/methodology/approach
– The creep rupture tests were carried out by pressuring stainless steel capsules upto 6 MPa at room temperature and then heating continuously in a furnace upto rupture. The acoustic emission (AE) signals generated during the creep rupture tests were recorded using a 150 kHz resonant sensor and analysed using AE Win software.

Findings
– When rupture occurs in the pressurized capsule tube representing the cladding tube, AE sensor attached to a waveguide captures the mechanical disturbance from the capsule and these data can be advantageously used to identify the creep rupture event of the cladding tube.

Practical implications
– The creep rupture data of fuel clad tube is very important in design and for smooth operation of nuclear reactors without fuel pin failure in reactors.

Originality/value
– AE is an advanced non-destructive evaluation technique. This technique has been successfully applied for on-line monitoring of creep rupture of the reactor cladding tube which otherwise could be detected by thermocouple readings only.
Contracting for integrated health and social care: a critical review of four models
Authors: Billings Jenny , de Weger Esther 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– Service transformation of health and social care is currently requiring commissioners to assess the suitability of their contracting mechanisms to ensure goodness of fit with the integration agenda. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description and critical account of four models of contracting, namely Accountable Care Organisations, the Alliance Model, the Lead Provider/Prime Contractor Model, and Outcomes-based Commissioning and Contracting.Design/methodology/approach– The approach taken to the literature review was narrative and the results were organised under an analytical framework consisting of six themes: definition and purpose; characteristics; application; benefits/success factors; use of incentives; and critique.Findings– The review highlighted that while the models have relevance, there are a number of uncertainties regarding their direct applicability and utility for the health and social care agenda, and limited evidence of effectiveness.Research limitations/implications– Due to the relative newness of the models and their emerging application, much of the commentary was limited to a narrow range of contributors and a broader discussion is needed. It is clear that further research is required to determine the most effective approach for integrated care contracting. It is suggested that instead of looking at individual models and assessing their transferable worth, there may be a place for examining principles that underpin the models to reshape current contracting processes.Practical implications– What appears to be happening in practice is an organic development. With the growing number of examples emerging in health and social care, these may act as “trailblazers” and support further development.Originality/value– There is emerging debate surrounding the best way to contract for health and social care services, but no literature review to date that takes these current models and examines their value in such critical detail. Given the pursuit for “answers” by commissioners, this review will raise awareness and provide knowledge for decision making.
Patient loyalty model
Authors: Sumaedi Sik , Bakti I Gede Mahatma Yuda , Rakhmawati Tri , Astrini Nidya Judhi , Yarmen Medi , Widianti Tri 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the simultaneous effect of subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and trust on patient loyalty.

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical data were collected through survey. The respondents of the survey are 157 patients of a health-care service institution in Bogor, Indonesia. Multiple regressions analysis was performed to test the conceptual model and the proposed hypotheses.

Findings
– The findings showed that subjective norm and trust influence patient loyalty positively. However, this research also found that perceived behavioral control does not influence patient loyalty significantly.

Research limitations/implications
– The survey was only conducted at one health-care service institution in Bogor, Indonesia. In addition, convenience sampling method was used. These conditions may cause that the research results can not be generalized to the other contexts. Therefore, replication research is needed to test the stability of the findings in the other contexts.

Practical implications
– Health-care service institutions need to pay attention to trust and subjective norm to establish patient loyalty.

Originality/value
– This study is believed to be the first to develop and test patient loyalty model that includes subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and trust.
Manager traits and quality-of-care performance in hospitals
Authors: Aij Kjeld Harald , Aernoudts René L.M.C. , Joosten Gepke 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to assess the impact of the leadership traits of chief executive officers (CEOs) on hospital performance in the USA. The effectiveness and efficiency of the CEO is of critical importance to the performance of any organization, including hospitals. Management systems and manager behaviours (traits) are of crucial importance to any organization because of their connection with organizational performance. To identify key factors associated with the quality of care delivered by hospitals, the authors gathered perceptions of manager traits from chief executive officers (CEOs) and followers in three groups of US hospitals delivering different levels of quality of care performance.Design/methodology/approach– Three high- and three low-performing hospitals were selected from the top and bottom 20th percentiles, respectively, using a national hospital ranking system based on standard quality of care performance measures. Three lean hospitals delivering intermediate performance were also selected. A survey was used to gather perceptions of manager traits (providing a modern or lean management system inclination) from CEOs and their followers in the three groups, which were compared.Findings– Four traits were found to be significantly different (alpha < 0.05) between lean (intermediate-) and low-performing hospitals. The different perceptions between these two hospital groups were all held by followers in the low-performing hospitals and not the CEOs, and all had a modern management inclination. No differences were found between lean (intermediate-) and high-performing hospitals, or between high- and low-performing hospitals.Originality/value– These findings support a need for hospital managers to acquire appropriate traits to achieve lean transformation, support a benefit of measuring manager traits to assess progress towards lean transformation and lend weight to improved quality of care that can be delivered by hospitals adopting a lean system of management.
Team leadership across contexts: a qualitative study
Authors: Graça Ana Margarida , Passos Ana Margarida 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare leadership functions from different team contexts considering context characteristics that contribute to team effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative study was conducted. Seven leaders of multidisciplinary child protection teams (MDTs) and nine managers of an information technology (IT) company took part in semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis with ATLAS.ti.Findings– Results showed that the two types of teams used different performance criteria, with teams from non-profit contexts lacking defined performance criteria. The results also showed that transition leadership functions are more frequently mentioned by IT than by MDT leaders. Moreover, interpersonal leadership functions emerged as independent functions that may occur in both the transition and action phases.Research limitations/implications– Context is paramount for performance criteria definition and for the relevance of certain team leadership functions over others. It also presents some suggestions for improvement to the model of Morgesonet al.(2010a).Practical implications– The results support the idea that there are differences in the leadership functions that are most valued by leaders, depending on the specific team’s context. Results also showed that some non-profit and less task-structured teams lack the specific performance criteria that could help them make more successful interventions.Originality/value– This paper reviews context literature, it shows that the emphasis on team leadership functions can vary across contexts and to the knowledge it is the first that compares the model of Morgesonet al.(2010a) in different contexts.
Benevolent leadership in not-for-profit organizations
Authors: Ghosh Koustab 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships among the welfare constituents of benevolent leadership, ethical climate, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) by examining the direct as well as the indirect impacts of benevolent leadership constructs on OCB mediated through the ethical work climate (EWC).Design/methodology/approach– The data analysis for managerial responses obtained from eight not-for-profit organizations established that ethical sensitivity, spiritual wisdom, positive engagement, and community responsiveness as the welfare elements of benevolent leadership significantly influenced OCB both as proximal and distal outcome through the mediating effect of EWC found in the organizations.Findings– This study substantiated the point that the welfare orientation exhibited by top and senior management as the core of benevolent leadership behaviour in not-for-profit organizations influenced the EWC and OCB among the organizational members that in turn would enable them to meaningfully engage themselves with the socially relevant projects and community development activities.Originality/value– The application of benevolent leadership scale in not-for-profit organizations established its predictive validity in relation to ethical climate and OCB.
Leadership in a time of financial crisis: what do we want from our leaders?
Authors: Haddon Arlene , Loughlin Catherine , McNally Corinne 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to gain a nuanced understanding of what employees want from leaders in an organizational crisis context.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a mixed methods approach to explore employee leadership preferences during organizational crisis and non-crisis times using the Multi Factor Leadership Questionnaire (Avolio and Bass, 2004), and qualitative interviews. The authors also investigate sex roles using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1981).Findings– The mixed method approach reveals some potential limitations in how leadership is typically measured. The qualitative findings highlight employees’ expectations of leaders to take action quickly while simultaneously engaging in continuous communication with employees during crisis. None of the components of transformational leadership encapsulate this notion.Originality/value– The mixed methods approach is novel in the crisis leadership literature. Had the authors relied solely on the quantitative measures, the importance of continuous communication during crisis would not have been apparent. As a result of this approach, the findings suggest that widely used and accepted measures of leadership may not adequately capture leadership in a crisis context. This is timely as it aligns with current literature which questions the way this construct is operationalized (Van Knippenberg and Sitkin, 2013).
Effect of nano ZnO containing sol-gel coating on galvanised iron sheet
Authors: Guin Akshya Kumar , Bhadu Manish , Sinhababu Mohua , Rout Tapan Kumar , Udayabhanu G. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the potential of sol-gel coating as replacement for hazardous hexavalent chrome passivation treatment for galvanised iron (GI) sheet. Generally, corrosion resistance properties of the GI sheet are increased by hexavalent chrome passivation treatment. But hexavalent chrome is hazardous and not environment friendly.

Design/methodology/approach
– The aim of this study was to understand the effect of nano zinc oxide (ZnO) on corrosion behaviour of sol-gel coating prepared by hydrolysis of the 3-(Glycidoxy propyl) methyl diethoxy silane (GPTMS) and tetra-ethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS). The morphology of the film was characterised by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The corrosion resistance of the coated samples was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarisation curve and salt spray test.

Findings
– From a different corrosion resistance study, it has been observed that sol-gel coating doped with 1 per cent nano ZnO rendered maximum corrosion protection. Beyond 1 per cent of nano ZnO, corrosion resistance property of coated galvanised steel sheet decreased drastically which may be due to agglomeration of nano ZnO and high water permeability of coated galvanised steel sheet.

Research limitations/implications
– The anti-corrosive property of the coating can be tested by means of atmospheric exposure which produces a real-time evaluation of the anti-corrosive nature of the coating under natural conditions rather than using an accelerated laboratory test.

Practical implications
– It may be useful for other metal industry like aluminium. The work can be used as a guiding chemistry for development of chrome-free passivation for aluminium.

Social implications
– It has the potential to replace hexavalent chrome passivation.

Originality/value
– The use of nano ZnO in sol-gel polymer matrix for the development of corrosion resistant chrome-free polymer coating for galvanised steel sheet and its corrosion resistance study (EIS curve fitting, capacitance value and water permeability) is a novel approach in this research.
Simple measures of climate, soil properties and plant traits predict national‐scale grassland soil carbon stocks
Authors: Manning Peter , de Vries Franciska T. , Tallowin Jerry R. B. , Smith Roger , Mortimer Simon R. , Pilgrim Emma S. , Harrison Kate A. , Wright Daniel G. , Quirk Helen , Benson Joseph , Shipley Bill , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Kattge Jens , Bönisch Gerhard , Wirth Christian , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

Soil carbon (C) storage is a key ecosystem service. Soil C stocks play a vital role in soil fertility and climate regulation, but the factors that control these stocks at regional and national scales are unknown, particularly when their composition and stability are considered. As a result, their mapping relies on either unreliable proxy measures or laborious direct measurements.

Using data from an extensive national survey of English grasslands, we show that surface soil (0–7 cm) C stocks in size fractions of varying stability can be predicted at both regional and national scales from plant traits and simple measures of soil and climatic conditions.

Soil C stocks in the largest pool, of intermediate particle size (50–250 μm), were best explained by mean annual temperature (MAT), soil pH and soil moisture content. The second largest C pool, highly stable physically and biochemically protected particles (0·45–50 μm), was explained by soil pH and the community abundance‐weighted mean (CWM) leaf nitrogen (N) content, with the highest soil C stocks under N‐rich vegetation. The C stock in the small active fraction (250–4000 μm) was explained by a wide range of variables: MAT, mean annual precipitation, mean growing season length, soil pH and CWM specific leaf area; stocks were higher under vegetation with thick and/or dense leaves.

Testing the models describing these fractions against data from an independent English region indicated moderately strong correlation between predicted and actual values and no systematic bias, with the exception of the active fraction, for which predictions were inaccurate.

Synthesis and applications. Validation indicates that readily available climate, soils and plant survey data can be effective in making local‐ to landscape‐scale (1–100 000 km2) soil C stock predictions. Such predictions are a crucial component of effective management strategies to protect C stocks and enhance soil C sequestration.