bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of rivaroxaban anticoagulation by haemostatic agents in rats and primates
Authors: Gruber András , Tinel Hanna , Marzec Ulla , Buetehorn Ulf , Buchmueller Anja , Heitmeier Stefan , Laux Volker , Perzborn Elisabeth 
Published: May 2013

SummaryRivaroxaban is an oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor for the management of thromboembolic disorders. Despite its short half-life, the ability to reverse rivaroxaban anticoagulation could be beneficial in life-threatening emergencies. The potential of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC; Beriplex®), activated PCC (aPCC; FEIBA®) or recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven®) to reverse rivaroxaban in rats and baboons was investigated. Anaesthetised rats pre-treated with intravenous rivaroxaban (2 mg/kg) received intravenous rFVIIa (100/400 μg/kg), PCC (25/50 U/kg) or aPCC (50/100 U/kg) after initiation of bleeding. Clotting times and bleeding times (BTs) were recorded. Rivaroxaban was administered as an intravenous 0.6 mg/kg bolus followed by continuous 0.6 mg/kg/hour infusion in baboons. Animals received intravenous aPCC 50 U/kg (2 U/kg/minute) or rFVIIa 210 μg/kg. BT and clotting parameters were measured. In rats pre-treated with high-dose rivaroxaban, PCC 50 U/kg, aPCC 100 U/kg and rFVIIa 400 μg/kg significantly reduced BT vs rivaroxaban alone (5.4 ± 1.4-fold to 1.5 ± 0.4-fold [p<0.05]; 3.0 ± 0.4-fold to 1.4 ± 0.1-fold [p<0.001]; and 3.5 ± 0.7-fold to 1.7 ± 0.2-fold [p<0.01] vs baseline, respectively). In baboons pre-infused with rivaroxaban and then given aPCC, BT increased by 2.0 ± 0.2-fold and aPCC returned BT to baseline for the duration of its infusion. rFVIIa reduced BT from 2.5 ± 0.3-fold over baseline to 1.7 ± 0.3-fold over baseline. Prolongation of prothrombin time was reduced by PCC, aPCC and rFVIIa in both species. Rivaroxaban reduced thrombin-antithrombin levels; application of PCC and aPCC, but not rFVIIa, increased these levels. In conclusion, PCC, aPCC or rFVIIa have the potential to reverse the anticoagulant and anti-haemostatic effects of rivaroxaban.
Vers une nouvelle lecture de la Risāla attribuée à Sahl b. Hārūn par al-Ǧāḥiẓ*
Authors: Geries Ibrahim 
Published: May 2013

Résumé
Contrairement à ce qu’ont dit les auteurs arabes anciens et certains chercheurs modernes, l’épître dite de Sahl b. Hārūn qui suit l’introduction du Livre des avares ne défend pas l’avarice. Cette recherche veut montrer que l’épître en question est une satire parodique écrite par al-Ǧāḥiẓ pour corriger le vice de ses contemporains et particulièrement ceux de l’élite de la société. Notre article tentera de montrer qu’al-Ǧāḥiẓ utilise l’ironie de façon pragmatique pour décrier l’attitude d’un de ses contemporains atteint du mal de l’avarice. L’épître est donc en parfaite harmonie avec les autres éléments du livre.
Free Movement for Some: The Treatment of the Roma after the European Union’s Eastern Expansion
Authors: Gehring Jacqueline S. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Securing the free movement of people has been one of the most difficult challenges for the European Union. The migration of Roma to ‘old’ Member States has been met with hostility and deportation, sometimes voluntary, other times forced. The states that have engaged in deportation have faced minimal sanction from the European Union. This article explores the European Union’s faltering enforcement of the right to free movement. Does the right to free movement exist only for a subset of EU citizens?
Post-Accession Polish Migrants in Britain and Ireland: Challenges and Obstacles to Integration in the European Union
Authors: Johns Michael 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The European Union’s 2004 expansion was accompanied by worries in several western states about potential large-scale immigration by workers from new member states. In France, for example, the ‘Polish plumber’ featured as a symbol of cheap labour in the 2005 constitutional referendum. The accession treaty allowed existing member states to restrict the entry of workers from new member states for up to seven years; only the United Kingdom, Ireland and Sweden allowed immediate unrestricted entry of workers from new member states. Many workers, particularly Poles, did move, and a cursory examination of this migration could lead one to judge it a success. Ireland and Britain benefited from an influx of workers during a boom economic period and the Poles earned wages beyond what they would have earned at home. A closer examination illustrates the difficulties and discrimination faced by the Polish community in Ireland and Britain. This article documents how the skills of Polish migrants have been under-valued and how it was assumed that when the economy soured, they would leave. As many have stayed, they face further discrimination. The paper relies on both primary interviews and secondary sources to examine the treatment and future of Europe’s largest recent internal migration.
Free Movement and Discrimination: Evidence from Europe, the United States, and Canada
Authors: Maas Willem 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This article surveys some general lessons to be drawn from the tension between the promise of citizenship to deliver equality and the particularistic drive to maintain diversity. Democratic states tend to guarantee free movement within their territory to all citizens, as a core right of citizenship. Similarly, the European Union guarantees (as the core right of EU citizenship) the right to live and the right to work anywhere within EU territory to EU citizens and members of their families. Such rights reflect the project of equality and undifferentiated individual rights for all who have the status of citizen. But they are not uncontested. Within the EU, several member states propose to reintroduce border controls and to restrict access for EU citizens who claim social assistance. Similar tensions and attempts to discourage freedom of movement also exist in other political systems, and the article gives examples from the United States and Canada. Within democratic states, particularly federal ones and others where decentralized jurisdictions are responsible for social welfare provision, it thus appears that some citizens can be more equal than others. Principles such as benefit portability, prohibition of residence requirements for access to programs or rights, and mutual recognition of qualifications and credentials facilitate the free flow of people within states and reflect the attempt to eliminate internal borders. Within the growing field of migration studies, most research focuses on international migration, movement between states, involving international borders. But migration across jurisdictional boundaries within states is at least as important as international migration. Within the European Union, free movement often means changing residence across jurisdictional boundaries within a political system with a common citizenship, even though EU citizenship is not traditional national citizenship. The EU is thus a good test of the tension between the equality promised by common citizenship and the diversity institutionalized by borders.
Impacts of Differences in Epidemiological Case Definitions on Prevalence for Upper-Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Hegmann Kurt T. , Thiese Matthew S. , Wood Eric M. , Garg Arun , Kapellusch Jay M. , Foster James , Biggs Jeremy , Edwards Hannah , Wertsch Jacqueline , Kendall Richard 
Published: May 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate prevalence based on variations in case definitions used for epidemiological studies of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Background: Prior studies of MSDs have mostly relied on a single case definition based on questionnaires. Method: In a multicenter prospective cohort study, we systematically collected data to evaluate impacts of differences in case definitions of MSDs on prevalence of three common musculoskeletal disorders: (a) shoulder tendinosis, (b) lateral epicondylalgia, and (c) carpal tunnel syndrome. Production workers were from 21 employment settings in three diverse U.S. states and performed widely varying work. All workers completed laptop-administered structured interviews, two standardized physical examinations, and nerve conduction studies (NCS). Case definitions included symptoms only, and symptoms plus physical examinations and/or NCS. Results: A total of 1,227 subjects had complete health data at baseline. The prevalence for shoulder tendinosis is 23.0% if only glenohumeral pain is used for a case definition, compared with 8.0% if a combination of pain plus a positive supraspinatus test is used. The prevalence for lateral epicondylalgia varied on the basis of lateral elbow pain (12.0%), pain plus tenderness on palpation (9.9%), or pain plus tenderness on palpation plus resisted wrist or middle finger extension (3.5%). Carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence varied on the basis of tingling or numbness in a median nerve–served digit (29.9%) or tingling or numbness plus NCS abnormalities consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome (9.0%). Conclusion: Variations in epidemiological case definitions have major impacts on prevalence of common MSDs. Wide-ranging differences in prevalence may have impacts on purported risk factors that need to be determined.
Increasing the Degrees of Freedom in Future Group Randomized Trials
Authors: Murray David M. , Blitstein Jonathan L. , Hannan Peter J. , Shadish William R. 
Published: May 2013

Background: This article revisits an article published in Evaluation Review in 2005 on sample size estimation and power analysis for group-randomized trials. With help from a careful reader, we learned of an important error in the spreadsheet used to perform the calculations and generate the results presented in that article. As we studied the spreadsheet, we discovered other minor errors. When we corrected the errors, we found that the results were substantially different and that the conclusions reported in the original article were not always appropriate. Objective: This article corrects the errors and reports the results as they should have been reported originally. Method: Using a random-effects meta-analytic model, estimates of intraclass correlation were combined from two studies to guide sample size calculations for a new study. Results: The df* method can result in improved power or smaller studies when used a priori to plan future group-randomized trials, though the improvements will be modest in larger studies and will likely be insufficient to provide adequate power to small studies. Conclusion: Smaller group-randomized trials are often desirable, for example, as pilot studies to help plan for a full-scale efficacy trial, as replication studies, or in situations in which resource constraints prohibit a larger trial. We discuss the circumstances under which the df* method will be most helpful and the risks associated with conducting smaller studies.
Biomechanical Properties of Double- and Single-Row Suture Anchor Repair for Surgical Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Beitzel Knut , Mazzocca Augustus D. , Obopilwe Elifho , Boyle James W. , McWilliam James , Rincon Lina , Dhar Yasmin , Arciero Robert A. , Amendola Annunziato 
Published: May 2013

Background: Because of intratendinous ossifications, retrocalcaneal bursitis, or intratendinous necrosis commonly found in insertional tendinosis, it is often necessary to detach the tendon partially or entirely from its tendon-to-bone junction. Hypothesis: Double-row repair for insertional Achilles tendinopathy will generate an increased contact area and demonstrate higher biomechanical stability. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen cadaver Achilles tendons were split longitudinally and detached, exposing the calcaneus; an ostectomy was performed and the tendon was reattached to the calcaneus in 1 of 2 ways: 2 suture anchors (single row) or a 4-anchor (double row) construct. Footprint area measurements over time, displacement after cyclic loading (2000 cycles), and final load to failure were measured. Results: The double-row refixation technique was statistically superior to the single-row technique in footprint area measurement initially and 5 minutes after repair ( P = .009 and P = .01, respectively) but not after 24 hours ( P = .713). The double-row construct demonstrated significantly improved measures for peak load (433.9 ± 84.3 N vs 212.0 ± 49.7 N; P = .042), load at yield (354.7 ± 106.2 N vs 198.7 ± 39.5 N; P = .01), and slope (51.8 ± 9.9 N/mm vs 66.7 ± 16.2 N/mm; P = .021). Cyclic loading did not demonstrate significant differences between the 2 constructs. Conclusion: Double-row construct for reinsertion of a completely detached Achilles tendon using proximal and distal rows resulted in significantly larger contact area initially and 5 minutes after repair and led to significantly higher peak load to failure on destructive testing. Clinical Relevance: In treatment for insertional Achilles tendinosis, the tendon often has to be detached and anatomically reattached to its insertion at the calcaneus. To our knowledge there is a lack of biomechanical studies supporting either a number or a pattern of suture anchor fixation. Because the stresses going across the insertion site of the Achilles tendon are significant during rehabilitation and weightbearing activities, it is imperative to have a strong construct that allows satisfactory healing during the early postoperative process.
Acetabular Labral Reconstruction With an Iliotibial Band Autograft
Authors: Geyer Mark R. , Philippon Marc J. , Fagrelius Theodore S. , Briggs Karen K. 
Published: May 2013

Background: Injury to the acetabular labrum results from multiple causes including femoroacetabular impingement, dysplasia, and acute trauma. The patient’s labrum can be reconstructed utilizing an iliotibial band autograft that is tubularized and fixed to the acetabular rim, substituting for the patient’s own labrum. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm results of this technique with a follow-up from 3 to 6 years after reconstruction. The hypothesis was that midterm results would show excellent patient-reported outcomes and high patient satisfaction with outcome. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected registry was undertaken that identified 75 patients (76 hips) who underwent arthroscopic labral reconstruction using an iliotibial band autograft by a single surgeon from February 2005 to August 2008. Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and patient satisfaction level (on a scale of 1-10) were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively annually. Survivorship analysis curves were created to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique. Results: Among 76 hips, 19 progressed to total hip arthroplasty at an average of 28 months from the procedure. Mean survivor time (no arthroplasty) was 59.1 months (95% CI, 53.9-64.4). Follow-up on the surviving hips was available for 49 patients (86%) with a mean follow-up time of 49 months (range, 36-70 months). The mHHS significantly increased from a preoperative mean of 58.9 to the most recent follow-up score averaging 83 ( P = .0001); HOS values in the sports and the activities of daily living subscales also increased significantly ( P = .0001 and P = .001, respectively). Median patient satisfaction with outcome was 8. A joint space of ≤2 mm was found to be a poor prognostic factor for survival of the hip. Conclusion: Arthroscopic labral reconstruction using an iliotibial band autograft resulted in a survivorship of 56 months. Of the 76% of patients who did not require total hip arthroplasty, improvement in function and high satisfaction with outcome were reported. Joint space of ≤2 mm is a contraindication for acetabular labral reconstruction.
Participants’ perspectives on safety monitoring in clinical trials
Authors: Flynn Kathryn E , Kramer Judith M , Dombeck Carrie B , Weinfurt Kevin P 
Published: May 2013

Background Minimizing the risk to study participants is an essential requirement of ethical research. Respecting the rights of subjects is also paramount, which includes respecting their autonomy by making available important information about the evolving safety profile of an investigational product as the trial progresses. Little is known about what trial participants understand and expect regarding monitoring and communication of serious adverse events during the conduct of a trial in which they have agreed to participate. Purpose To explore understanding and expectations of potential trial participants concerning monitoring and communication of serious adverse events during a clinical trial. Methods A professional moderator led four 90-min, in-person focus groups: two groups with individuals who had never participated in a clinical trial and two groups with people who had. After relevant research terms were defined and existing regulations were explained, discussion focused on how participants expected safety to be monitored and communicated during the conduct of a clinical trial. Group comments were video-recorded and transcribed and then analyzed by the investigators. Results The 27 racially diverse focus group members were largely unaware of existing safeguards and regulations to manage risk in clinical trials. Many people expressed a desire for increased transparency about serious adverse events during the trial as well as shortened reporting deadlines. Focus group members also spontaneously expressed concerns about potential financial conflicts of interest in monitoring and reporting serious adverse events. Limitations This was a single-site, qualitative study and is not meant to establish the prevalence of beliefs. Conclusions Potential trial participants have limited understanding and a wide range of expectations about how safety monitoring in clinical trials should be managed and communicated. The overall tenor of opinion suggests unease about participant safety and a desire to have more information conveyed by sponsors to investigators and, in some cases, by investigators to participants. Additional study in other regions and settings may be useful to more broadly explore the range of participants’ beliefs and expectations. In the meantime, engaging patient advocates in the design of clinical trials and clearly communicating to trial participants the plan for oversight of their safety may help ease the types of concerns expressed in this study.
Forced miR-146a expression causes autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome in mice via downregulation of Fas in germinal center B cells
Authors: Guo Qiuye , Zhang Jinjun , Li Jingyi , Zou Liyun , Zhang Jinyu , Xie Zunyi , Fu Xiaolan , Jiang Shan , Chen Gang , Jia Qingzhu , Li Fei , Wan Ying , Wu Yuzhang 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
miR-146a may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALPS by targeting Fas. Sustained expression of miR-146a in B cells is the major factor leading to the enhanced homeostatic expansion of B and T cells.
Influence of KIR gene copy number on natural killer cell education
Authors: Béziat Vivien , Traherne James A. , Liu Lisa L. , Jayaraman Jyothi , Enqvist Monika , Larsson Stella , Trowsdale John , Malmberg Karl-Johan 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
KIR gene copy number variation influences NK cell education at the repertoire level due to a linear effect on KIR expression. No effect of KIR gene dose on NK cell education at the single cell level.
Inhibition of HPA-1a alloantibody-mediated platelet destruction by a deglycosylated anti–HPA-1a monoclonal antibody in mice: toward targeted treatment of fetal-alloimmune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Bakchoul Tamam , Greinacher Andreas , Sachs Ulrich J. , Krautwurst Annika , Renz Harald , Harb Habi , Bein Gregor , Newman Peter J. , Santoso Sentot 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsThe study describes a potential novel treatment of fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia by dissecting the effector activities of an epitope-specific IgG antibody. Neither the in vivo transplacental transport nor the inhibiting properties of the blocking antibody are impaired by the N-glycan modification.
Increased risk of CVD after VT is determined by common etiologic factors
Authors: Roach Rachel E. J. , Lijfering Willem M. , Flinterman Linda E. , Rosendaal Frits R. , Cannegieter Suzanne C. 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsPatients with VT have an increased risk of subsequent CVD compared with control participants. The increased risk of CVD in these patients can be explained by etiologic factors leading to both diseases.
Respiratory syncytial virus: co-infection and paediatric lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Yoshida Lay-Myint , Suzuki Motoi , Nguyen Hien Anh , Le Minh Nhat , Dinh Vu Thiem , Yoshino Hiroshi , Schmidt Wolf-Peter , Nguyen Thi Thuy Ai , Le Huu Tho , Morimoto Konosuke , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Dang Duc Anh , Ariyoshi Koya 
Published: May 2013

Comprehensive population-based data on the role of respiratory viruses in the development of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain unclear. We investigated the incidence and effect of single and multiple infections with respiratory viruses on the risk of LRTIs in Vietnam.Population-based prospective surveillance and a case–control study of hospitalised paediatric patients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) were conducted from April 2007 through to March 2010. Healthy controls were randomly recruited from the same community. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected and tested for 13 respiratory viruses using multiplex PCRs.1992 hospitalised ARI episodes, including 397 (19.9%) with LRTIs, were enrolled. Incidence of hospitalised LRTIs among children aged <24 months was 2171.9 per 100 000 (95% CI 1947.9–2419.7). The majority of ARI cases (60.9%) were positive for at least one virus. Human rhinovirus (24.2%), respiratory syncytial virus (20.1%) and influenza A virus (12.0%) were the most common and 9.5% had multiple-viral infections. Respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infections independently increased the risk of LRTIs. Respiratory syncytial virus further increased the risk, when co-infected with human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus and parainfluenza virus-3 but not with influenza A virus. The case–control analysis revealed that respiratory syncytial virus and influenza A virus increased the risk of ARI hospitalisation but not human rhinovirus.Respiratory syncytial virus is the leading pathogen associated with risk of ARI hospitalisation and LRTIs in Vietnam.