bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dissolution of Polyols in Salt Solutions and Ionic Liquids at Molecular Level: Ions, Counter Ions, and Hofmeister Effects
Authors: Papanyan Zakar , Roth Christian , Wittler Kai , Reimann Sebastian , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe dissolving process of polyols in salt solutions (TBAF, TBAC, TBAB, TBAI, TMAF) and imidazolium‐based ionic liquids ([C2mim][OAc], [C2mim][Et2PO4], [C2mim][EtSO4], [C2mim][SCN]) is exemplarily studied by IR spectroscopy. Vibrational bands and their shifts in the OH stretch region reveal crucial information for the dissolved polyol interacting with the anions of the salt solutions and ionic liquids. The well‐chosen set of ionic solutions confirms the linear relation between the OH‐stretch frequencies and the solubility capacity of the salt solutions. Likewise, it also provides an explanation of the dissolving process at molecular level. Notably, the solubility capacities of the anions in the salt solutions follow the well‐known Hofmeister series. This phenomenon can be understood on the basis of the disruption power of the anions and the specific size ratio of the anion/cation combinations.
Catalytic Deoxydehydration of Diols to Olefins by using a Bulky Cyclopentadiene‐based Trioxorhenium Catalyst
Authors: Raju Suresh , Jastrzebski Johann T. B. H. , Lutz Martin , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA bulky cyclopentadienyl (Cp)‐based trioxorhenium compound was developed for the catalytic deoxydehydration of vicinal diols to olefins. The 1,2,4‐tri(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienyl trioxorhenium (2) catalyst was synthesised in a two‐step synthesis procedure. Dirhenium decacarbonyl was converted into 1,2,4‐tri(tert‐butyl)cyclopentadienyl tricarbonyl rhenium, followed by a biphasic oxidation with H2O2. These two new three‐legged compounds with a ‘piano‐stool’ configuration were fully characterised, including their single crystal X‐ray structures. Deoxydehydration reaction conditions were optimised by using 2 mol % loading of 2 for the conversion of 1,2‐octanediol into 1‐octene. Different phosphine‐based and other, more conventional, reductants were tested in combination with 2. Under optimised conditions, a variety of vicinal diols (aromatic and aliphatic, internal and terminal) were converted into olefins in good to excellent yields, and with minimal olefin isomerisation. A high turnover number of 1400 per Re was achieved for the deoxydehydration of 1,2‐octanediol. Furthermore, the biomass‐derived polyols (glycerol and erythritol) were converted into their corresponding olefinic products by 2 as the catalyst.
Estimation of Optimal Measurement Position of Human Forearm EMG Signal by Discriminant Analysis Based on Wilks’ Lambda
Authors: Kiso Atsushi , Taniguchi Yu , Seki Hirokazu 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper describes the estimation of the optimal measurement position by discriminant analysis based on Wilks’ lambda for myoelectric hand control. In previous studies, for motion discrimination, the myoelectric signals were measured at the same positions. However, the optimal measurement positions of the myoelectric signals for motion discrimination differ depending on the remaining muscles of amputees. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the optimal and fewer measurement positions for precise motion discrimination of a human forearm. This study proposes a method for estimating the optimal measurement positions by discriminant analysis based on Wilks’ lambda, using the myoelectric signals measured at multiple positions. The results of some experiments on the myoelectric hand simulator show the effectiveness of the proposed optimal measurement position estimation method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(8): 32–40, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11465
Calculation of Time‐Resolved Energy Distribution of Electrons by PT‐FTI Method
Authors: Takeda Akihide , Ikuta Nobuaki 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYA new procedure to obtain the time‐resolved energy distribution of electrons in gas under a static electric field, the PT‐FTI method, has been developed taking the circulation flow rate distribution through the loop of a flight and a collision as the principal unknown function. Iterative operations of two‐dimensional loop dispersion functions in the time and energy domains to an initial starting energy distribution give a series of time‐dependent flow rate distributions in successive circulations. The time‐resolved energy distribution and transport quantities of electrons in flight are derived from them. The fact that the PT‐FTI method gives converging results the same as obtained in the FTI method assures the validity of both the PT‐FTI and FTI methods. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(8): 18–25, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11470
Localized Induced Current Stimulation to Neuronal Culture Using Soft Magnetic Material
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Saito Aki , Moriguchi Hiroyuki , Kotani Kiyoshi , Jimbo Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYTo establish precisely focused magnetic stimulation, we developed a Mu‐metal‐based low‐frequency localized induced current (LIC) stimulation system with microfabricated dual cell‐culture chamber. The dual cell‐culture chamber was arranged in a concentric circle manner. Between the inner and outer chambers, four or eight connecting microchannels were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Rat cortical neurons were separately cultured in outer and inner chambers. Through the micro‐channels, functional synaptic connections were formed. Mu‐metal with very high magnetic permeability was aligned along the outer circle, which allowed the application of LIC stimulation to the cells in the outer chamber. Applying low‐frequency magnetic fields to the Mu‐metal, induced currents were generated and the electrical activity of the cells in the outer chamber was modified depending on the stimulation intensity. Following the modified activity in the outer circles, the cells in the inner chamber also showed slightly depressed activity patterns. These results suggested that our system would be promising for localized stimulation of neuronal networks and highly effective regulation of network activities. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(8): 9–17, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11473
Heterodimetallic Structures Based on Cyano‐Substituted Bis(dithiolene) Complexes and Ni and Cu Cyclam Cations
Authors: Cerdeira Ana C. , Belo Dulce , Rabaça Sandra , Pereira Laura C. J. , Coutinho Joana T. , Simão Dulce , Henriques Rui T. , Jeannin Olivier , Fourmigué Marc , Almeida Manuel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFive charge‐transfer salts based on the combination of anionic FeIII and CuII bis(dithiolene) complexes containing nitrile groups with [M(cyclam)]2+ (M = Ni, Cu) cations, namely, [Ni(cyclam)]2[Cu(dcbdt)2]2·4DMF (1, dcbdt = 4,5‐dicyanobenzene‐1,2‐dithiolate, DMF = N,N‐dimethylformamide), [Ni(cyclam)]2[Cu(dcdmp)2]2·4DMF (2, dcdmp = 2,3‐dicyano‐5,6‐dimercaptopyrazine), [Cu(cyclam)]2[Cu(dcdmp)2]2·4DMF (3), [Cu(cyclam)]2[Fe2(cbdt)4]2·4DMF (4, cbdt = 4‐cyanobenzene‐1,2‐dithiolate) and [Ni(cyclam)]2[Fe2(cbdt)4]2·4DMF (5), were prepared and characterised by X‐ray diffraction and magnetisation measurements. The crystal structures of 1–4 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed that the cyano groups from dithiolene complexes fail to coordinate the metal ions in the cyclam units. Instead, they are coordinated by solvent molecules or by dithiolene S atoms and cyclam N–H groups, which participate in hydrogen bonds to the nitrile and sulfur moieties in the anions.
Access to Cyclic α‐CF3‐Substituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives by Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Functionalized 1,7‐Enynes
Authors: Mailyan Artur K. , Krylov Ivan M. , Bruneau Christian , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Osipov Sergey N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn efficient method for the preparation of new α‐CF3 α‐amino acid 1,7‐enynes that contain electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups on the triple bond has been developed that proceeds through a Sonogashira‐type coupling reaction. The ring‐closing enyne methathesis (RCEYM) of the obtained 1,7‐enynes with commercially available Grubbs and Hoveyda catalysts provides access to a series of new cyclic α‐amino acids. The latter compounds that contain the 1,3‐diene moiety are attractive building blocks for the construction of trifluoromethylated polycyclic systems.
SrO‐Containing Diopside Glass–Ceramic Sealants for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Mechanical Reliability and Thermal Shock Resistance
Authors: Reddy A. A. , Tulyaganov D. U. , Pascual M. J. , Kharton V. V. , Tsipis E. V. , Kolotygin V. A. , Ferreira J. M. F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of glasses and glass–ceramics (GCs) aiming at applications as sealants for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were synthesized by partial substitution of Ca for Sr in the diopside‐Ba disilicate composition. X‐ray diffraction in conjunction with the Rietveld‐RIR technique were employed to quantify the crystalline (diopside and Sr‐diopside) and amorphous phases in the glasses sintered/heat treated at 850 °C in humidified 10%H2–90%N2 gas mixture for 250 h. Weibull modulus varied in the range 11.6–34.4 implying toward good mechanical reliability of synthesized GCs. Thermal shock resistance of model electrochemical cells made of yttria‐stabilized zirconia, gadolinia‐doped ceria, and lanthanum gallate based solid electrolytes, hermetically sealed by one diopside‐based composition, was evaluated employing quenching from 800 °C in air and water. Suitable thermal expansion coefficient, mechanical reliability, and strong adhesion to stabilized zirconia and metallic interconnects, are all suggesting a good suitability of the sealants for SOFC applications.
Investigation of the Mechanical Stability of Micro‐Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Membranes Using Scanning Laser Vibrometry
Authors: Tölke R. , Gauckler L. J. , Kunz U. , Krauss A. , Prestat M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractScanning laser vibrometry was used to investigate the mechanical stability of free‐standing micro‐solid oxide fuel cell (micro‐SOFC) membranes. Arrays of square‐shaped 460 nm thin micro‐SOFC membranes were fabricated on silicon substrates using pulsed laser deposition for the yttria‐stabilized zirconia electrolyte and magnetron sputtering for the platinum electrodes. Resonance frequency, displacement and acceleration measurements were carried out using interferometry analysis of the membrane reflection. The resonance frequencies scale with the reciprocal of the membrane length. At the resonance, the 390 × 390 μm2 micro‐SOFC membranes exhibit an out‐of‐plane displacement of ca. 1.2 μm only. All free‐standing micro‐SOFC membranes survive the resonant vibration without rupturing. These results are promising for the failure‐free implementation of micro‐SOFC in portable electronic devices.
VARIABILITY IN INTENSITY OF HEAVY RAINFALL DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON PADDY INUNDATION IN LOW‐LYING AREAS OF JAPAN
Authors: Minakawa Hiroki , Masumoto Takao 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to detect changes in heavy rainfall patterns and to evaluate the impact of these changes on drainage systems in low‐lying areas. Our study area was in the Kaga three‐lagoon basin in Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan. First, heavy rainfall events were extracted from observed rainfall data from 1940 through 2008. Comparison of the hourly data showed that the average maximum 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, and 48‐h rainfall increased slightly over the 69 years and that the distribution of the maximum amount of 6‐h rainfall also changed. Next, rainfall data predicted by MIROC were examined. The results implied that the amount of rain in 3‐day rainfall events with a 10‐yr return period would reach a peak of 1.23 times the present amount in the near future. At the same time, a drainage analysis model was developed consisting of kinematic and diffusive tank models. The rainfall predicted by MIROC was used in the models to assess the impact of climate change on drainage systems. As a result, the duration of paddy inundation to a depth of more than 30 cm was estimated to increase in the future. Countermeasures, such as the improvement of pumping capacity, are suggested. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parameterization of PAR vertical profile within horizontally uniform forest canopies for use in environmental modeling
Authors: Lalic Branislava , Firanj Ana , Mihailovic Dragutin T. , Podrascanin Zorica 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe radiation transfer within the forest canopy plays crucial role in energy balance and turbulent transfer processes. Objective of this study is to suggest a new relation for vertical profile of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in case of horizontally uniform forest canopy. It is based on (i) the Lambert‐Beer law relationship and (ii) new parameterization of leaf area density (LAD) profile. We have supposed that absorption coefficient μ varies with height and depends on LAD distribution. To check validity of the relation proposed, we have compared calculated values with the observations using data sets assimilated during Anglo‐Brazilian Amazonian Climate Observation Study experiment at two observational sites located in Reserva Jaru and Reserva Ducke (Brazil) with different types of forest. Among all available measurements, 615 profiles observed between 08 and 18 local mean time for 72 days at 2 locations were selected. For comparison study, two more profiles based on constant‐ and variable‐LAD approximation were introduced. Obtained results indicate that suggested relation: (i) well reproduces PAR profile within the forest in comparison with observations and (ii) shows better agreement with observations in comparison with two other profiles used in this study.
Diffusion tensor MRI of the corpus callosum in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Chapman Molly C. , Jelsone‐Swain Laura , Johnson Timothy D. , Gruis Kirsten L. , Welsh Robert C. 
Published: July 2013

PurposeTo determine if decline in corpus callosum (CC) white matter integrity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is localized to motor‐related areas.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one ALS patients and 21 controls participated. Diffusion tensor images (DTI) were acquired using 3 Tesla (T) MRI. Tract‐based spatial statistics were used to examine whole‐brain white matter damage. A segmentation schema was used to define CC volumes‐of‐interest (VOI). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial‐ and axial‐diffusivity (RD, AD) were extracted from VOIs and compared between groups. DTI measurements in motor‐related Area III were tested for correlation with symptoms and disease duration.ResultsExtracted FA values from CC VOIs were reduced in ALS patients (P ≤ 0.0001), particularly in Areas II and III (P ≤ 0.01). Reduced FA in Area III correlated with disease symptomology (P ≤ 0.05) and duration (P ≤ 0.02). Between‐group whole‐brain comparisons (P ≤ 0.05, corrected) showed reduced FA and increased RD throughout white matter regions including the CC, corona radiata, and internal capsule. AD was increased in the left corona radiata and internal and external capsules.ConclusionFA in motor‐related regions of the CC is more affected than other CC areas in ALS patients. Microstructural pathology of transcallosal fiber tracts may represent a future component of an imaging biomarker for ALS. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:641–647. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Replication of chronic abnormal cartilage loading by medial meniscus destabilization for modeling osteoarthritis in the rabbit knee in vivo
Authors: Arunakul Marut , Tochigi Yuki , Goetz Jessica E. , Diestelmeier Bryce W. , Heiner Anneliese D. , Rudert James , Fredericks Douglas C. , Brown Thomas D. , McKinley Todd O. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTMedial meniscus destabilization (MMD) is a surgical insult technique for modeling osteoarthritis (OA) by replicating chronic abnormal cartilage loading in animal joints in vivo. The present study aimed to characterize the immediate biomechanical effects (ex vivo) and short‐term histological consequences (in vivo) of MMD in the rabbit knee. In a compressive loading test, contact stress distribution in the medial compartment was measured in eight cadaver rabbit knees, initially with all major joint structures uninjured (Baseline), after MMD, and finally after total medial meniscectomy (TMM). Similarly, the effects on sagittal joint stability were determined in an anterior–posterior drawer test. These biomechanical (ex vivo) data indicated that both MMD and TMM caused significant (p < 0.001), distinct (>1.5‐fold) elevation of peak local contact stress in the medial compartment, while leaving whole‐joint stability nearly unchanged. Histological consequences in vivo were assessed in a short‐term (8‐week) survival series of MMD or TMM (five animals for each group), and both caused moderate cartilage degeneration in the medial compartment. The MMD insult, which is feasible through posterior arthrotomy alone, is as effective as TMM for modeling injurious‐level chronic abnormal cartilage loading in the rabbit knee medial compartment in vivo, while minimizing potential confounding effects from whole‐joint instability. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1555–1560, 2013.
A 10Be production‐rate calibration for the Arctic
Authors: YOUNG NICOLÁs E. , SCHAEFER JOERG M. , BRINER JASON P. , GOEHRING BRENT M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe present a Baffin Bay 10Be production‐rate calibration derived from glacial deposits in western Greenland and Baffin Island, and test our results against published 10Be calibration datasets to develop an Arctic 10Be production rate. Our calibration comprises: (i) 10Be measurements from moraine boulders linked to a 14C‐dated moraine at Jakobshavn Isfjord in western Greenland, (ii) an independent and previously published 10Be production rate at Jakobshavn Isfjord and (iii) re‐measured 10Be concentrations from a Baffin Island calibration site that is included in the north‐eastern North America dataset. Combined, we calculate a sea‐level/high‐latitude 10Be production rate for the Baffin Bay region of 3.96 ± 0.07 atoms g−1 a−1 (Lal/Stone scaling model). After testing the Baffin Bay rate against calibration sites in Norway and north‐eastern North America, we calculate a more conservative Arctic production rate of 3.96 ± 0.15 atoms g−1 a−1. The Baffin Bay and Arctic 10Be production rates are indistinguishable from the north‐eastern North America 10Be production rate (3.91 ± 0.19 atoms g−1 a−1) and yield overall uncertainties of <2–3.7% (1σ). These production rates reduce systematic uncertainties in 10Be‐based chronologies of ice‐margin change and allow 10Be‐based chronologies to be more confidently compared with high‐resolution climate records, such as those from Greenland ice cores.
Mitigation of 3‐MCPD and glycidyl esters within the production chain of vegetable oils especially palm oil
Authors: Matthäus Bertrand , Pudel Frank 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn 2007 the oil producing industry and the downstream food processing industry were worried by the announcement that fatty acid esters of 3‐MCPD and later in 2008 that glycidyl esters have been found in different types of vegetable oils after processing. The reason for the concern was that the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment assumed in a first statement the complete degradation of the esters to free 3‐MCPD and glycidol both classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as possible and probably, respectively, carcinogenic to humans. In the meantime a lot of research has been done on these heat‐induced compounds to mitigate their formation during oil processing and today the content in vegetable oils could be remarkably lower if all approaches were implemented. This paper summarizes the different mitigation strategies and shows their effect on lowering the amount of 3‐MCPD and glycidyl esters in refined vegetable oils.
Pressure‐viscosity behaviour and film thickness in elastohydrodynamic regime of lubrication of ionic liquids and other base oils
Authors: Fernández Josefa , Paredes Xavier , Gaciño Félix M. , Comuñas María J. P. , Pensado Alfonso S. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTViscosities at high pressures for 16 base oils (six polyolesters, three polyglycols, six ionic liquids and squalane) were used to analyze the influence of their chemical structure on the pressure‐viscosity coefficient, α. Comparisons with literature α values for vegetable bases (canola, soybean and jojoba oils) are also performed. For the molecular lubricants, we found trends that are coherent with the literature, whereas for ionic liquids (ILs), new trends were found. ILs based on tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate anion [FAP]−are those which present higher α values. The role of the lubricants in the central thickness in the isothermal elastohydrodynamic regime of lubrication was evaluated through the product η00.69 α0.56, η0 being the viscosity at 0.1 MPa. One of the [FAP]− ILs provides film thicknesses close to the polyglycols with similar viscosity. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ILs and the shorter polypropyleneglycoldimethyl ethers are the lubricants that better avoid the changes on the film thicknesses with the temperature owing to a high viscosity index. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The psychological experience of living with head and neck cancer: a systematic review and meta‐synthesis
Authors: Lang Heidi , France Emma , Williams Brian , Humphris Gerry , Wells Mary 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo summarise patients' experiences of head and neck cancer (HNC) by examining the findings of existing qualitative studiesMethodsWe undertook a systematic review and meta‐synthesis of qualitative studies in 29 published articles using Noblit and Hare's ‘meta‐ethnography’ approach to synthesise findings. The inclusion criteria were primary qualitative studies, focusing on HNC patients' experience and an English abstract. Seven databases were systematically searched.ResultsThe articles focused on the experience of having HNC, the experience of treatments and the role of information. Our synthesis identified six core concepts—uncertainty and waiting, disruption to daily life, the diminished self, making sense of the experience, sharing the burden and finding a path. People experienced significant disruption to normal daily activities, because of the physical and emotional effects of HNC and its treatment. Day‐to‐day challenges were compounded by social and existential changes and a palpable loss of the individual's sense of self and future. In order to find a way through the considerable uncertainty and daily challenge of living with and beyond HNC, patients made continual efforts to make sense of their experience. Supportive relationships with their social network, HNC peers and healthcare professionals were particularly important, but support following treatment completion was sometimes limited. Perceptions of the future were affected by whether they saw life as diminished, merely changed or even enhanced by the experience of cancer.ConclusionsThis review supports further specific research into these emerging themes and provides a context for future work, informing interventions to improve patients' experiences. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.