bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Voltammetry and Electroanalysis of Some Estrogenic Compounds at Modified Diamond Electrodes
Authors: Gan Patrick , Compton Richard G. , Foord John S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe voltammetry of some estrogenic compounds (estradiol, nonylphenol, bisphenol A, ethynylestradiol, estrone, estriol) in aqueous solution at boron doped diamond electrodes is reported. For oxidised (hydrophilic) electrodes electrochemically irreversible kinetics were observed for the diffusing molecules allowing the inference of diffusion coefficients and transfer coefficients. In contrast for hydrogen terminated (hydrophobic) surfaces significant adsorption was observed. A limit of detection of 1–100 µM for the estrogenic compounds was found using the oxidised diamond electrode. Surface modification of the oxidised diamond with nano‐Carbon (so‐called Carbon Black) allowed preconcentration of the target by adsorption onto the Carbon Black prior to analysis and a corresponding reduction of the limit of detection by ca three orders of magnitude to 5–100 nM.
Square‐Wave Voltammetry: A Review on the Recent Progress
Authors: Mirceski Valentin , Gulaboski Rubin , Lovric Milivoj , Bogeski Ivan , Kappl Reinhard , Hoth Markus 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA review on the recent progress of square‐wave voltammetry is presented, covering the period of the last five years. The review addresses the new theoretical development of the technique as well as its application for mechanistic purposes, electrode kinetic measurements, biochemical and analytical applications. Besides, a few novel methodological modifications are proposed that might expand the scope and application of the technique.
PRAS40 prevents development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in obesity
Authors: Völkers Mirko , Doroudgar Shirin , Nguyen Nathalie , Konstandin Mathias H , Quijada Pearl , Din Shabana , Ornelas Luis , Thuerauf Donna J , Gude Natalie , Friedrich Kilian , Herzig Stephan , Glembotski Christopher C , Sussman Mark A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiabetes is a multi‐organ disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy can result in heart failure, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In the liver, insulin resistance contributes to hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, which further worsens the metabolic profile. Defects in mTOR signalling are believed to contribute to metabolic dysfunctions in diabetic liver and hearts, but evidence is missing that mTOR activation is causal to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study shows that specific mTORC1 inhibition by PRAS40 prevents the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This phenotype was associated with improved metabolic function, blunted hypertrophic growth and preserved cardiac function. In addition PRAS40 treatment improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduces systemic hyperglycaemia in obese mice. Thus, unlike rapamycin, mTORC1 inhibition with PRAS40 improves metabolic profile in diabetic mice. These findings may open novel avenues for therapeutic strategies using PRAS40 directed against diabetic‐related diseases.
Mathematical Model of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with Consideration of Water Management
Authors: Yin K.‐M. , Hsuen H.‐K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOne‐dimensional model on the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of proton exchange membrane fuel cell is proposed, where the membrane hydration/dehydration and the possible water flooding of the respective cathode and anode gas diffusion layers are considered. A novel approach of phase‐equilibrium approximation is proposed to trace the water front and the detailed saturation profile once water emerges in either anode or cathode gas diffusion layer. The approach is validated by a semi‐analytical method published earlier. The novel approach is applicable to the polarization regime from open circuit voltage to the limiting current density under practical operation conditions. Oxygen diffusion is limited by water accumulation in the cathode gas diffusion layer as current increases, caused by excessive water generation at the cathode catalyst layer and the electro‐osmotic drag across the membrane. The existence of liquid water in the anode gas diffusion layer is predicted at low current densities if high degrees of humidification in both anode and cathode feeds are employed. The influences of inlet relative humidity, imposed pressure drop, and cell temperature are correlated well with the cell performance. In addition, the overpotentials attributed from individual components of the MEA are delineated against the cell current densities.
Two‐Stage Oxidation of Glucose by an Enzymatic Bioanode
Authors: Matsumoto T. , Shimada S. , Yamamoto K. , Tanaka T. , Kondo A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe present study reports the design of a novel bioanode to deeply oxidize glucose in an enzymatic biofuel cell (EFC). This enzymatic glucose cell utilizes three co‐immobilized enzymes: NAD‐dependent glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), NAD(P)+‐dependent gluconate‐5‐dehydrogenase (Ga5DH), and diaphorase (DI). Glucose is oxidized to gluconate by NAD‐dependent GDH, gaining two electrons per glucose; the gluconate obtained as a by‐product is oxidized at the C5 carbon to 5‐keto‐gluconate by Ga5DH. Operation of our bioanode enabled the oxidation of glucose in two stages, resulting in the gain of four electrons. The three‐enzyme EFC provides a maximum power density of 10.51 ± 1.72 μW cm–2, which is about 1.6 times higher than the maximum power density of an EFC using a bioanode based on the co‐immobilization of two enzymes (GDH and DI). Our results hold promise for increasing the current density of EFCs, and for application in glucose biosensor.
The Synthesis of N,N‐Bis(dialkoxyphosphinoylmethyl)‐ and N,N‐Bis(diphenylphosphinoylmethyl)glycine Esters by the Microwave‐Assisted Double Kabachnik–Fields Reaction
Authors: Bálint Erika , Fazekas Eszter , Drahos László , Keglevich György 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe condensation of a glycine ester, two equivalents of paraformaldehyde, and the same quantity of a dialkyl phosphite or diphenylphosphine oxide afforded the title compounds as new bis(phospha‐Mannich) products under microwave (MW) conditions at 100°C. The dialkoxyphosphinoylmethyl derivatives were synthesized under solvent‐free conditions, whereas the diphenylphosphinoylmethyl derivatives were synthesized in acetonitrile solution. Comparative thermal experiments showed the beneficial role of MW in respect of efficiency.
Association between severe treatment‐related lymphopenia and progression‐free survival in patients with newly diagnosed squamous cell head and neck cancer
Authors: Campian Jian L. , Sarai Guneet , Ye Xiaobu , Marur Shanthi , Grossman Stuart A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundSevere treatment‐related lymphopenia occurs commonly in many cancers and is associated with early tumor progression. Data are lacking as to whether this occurs in squamous cell head and neck cancer.MethodsSerial total lymphocyte counts were retrospectively reviewed in patients with newly diagnosed squamous head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiation and associated with treatment outcomes.ResultsThe median baseline total lymphocyte count in 56 patients was 1660 cells/mm3, which fell by 73% to 445 cells/mm3 2 months after initiating chemoradiation (p < .0001). Human papillomavirus negative (HPV‐) patients with a total lymphocyte count <500 cells/mm3 at 2 months had significantly earlier disease progression than those with higher total lymphocyte counts (hazard ratio [HR], 5.75; p = .045).ConclusionBaseline total lymphocyte counts were normal, but at 2 months approximately 60% of patients had severe treatment‐related lymphopenia regardless of HPV status. Severe treatment‐related lymphopenia in HPV‐ patients is independently associated with earlier disease progression. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, which suggest that immune preservation is important in this cancer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1747–1753, 2014
Age‐dependent role for Ras‐GRF1 in the late stages of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Darcy Michael J. , Trouche Stéphanie , Jin Shan‐Xue , Feig Larry A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe dentate gyrus of the hippocampus plays a pivotal role in pattern separation, a process required for the behavioral task of contextual discrimination. One unique feature of the dentate gyrus that contributes to pattern separation is adult neurogenesis, where newly born neurons play a distinct role in neuronal circuitry. Moreover, the function of neurogenesis in this brain region differs in adolescent and adult mice. The signaling mechanisms that differentially regulate the distinct steps of adult neurogenesis in adolescence and adulthood remain poorly understood. We used mice lacking RAS‐GRF1 (GRF1), a calcium‐dependent exchange factor that regulates synaptic plasticity and participates in contextual discrimination performed by mice, to test whether GRF1 plays a role in adult neurogenesis. We show Grf1 knockout mice begin to display a defect in neurogenesis at the onset of adulthood (∼2 months of age), when wild‐type mice first acquire the ability to distinguish between closely related contexts. At this age, young hippocampal neurons in Grf1 knockout mice display severely reduced dendritic arborization. By 3 months of age, new neuron survival is also impaired. BrdU labeling of new neurons in 2‐month‐old Grf1 knockout mice shows they begin to display reduced survival between 2 and 3 weeks after birth, just as new neurons begin to develop complex dendritic morphology and transition into using glutamatergic excitatory input. Interestingly, GRF1 expression appears in new neurons at the developmental stage when GRF1 loss begins to effect neuronal function. In addition, we induced a similar loss of new hippocampal neurons by knocking down expression of GRF1 solely in new neurons by injecting retrovirus that express shRNA against GRF1 into the dentate gyrus. Together, these findings show that GRF1 expressed in new neurons promotes late stages of adult neurogenesis. Overall our findings show GRF1 to be an age‐dependent regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which contributes to ability of mice to distinguish closely related contexts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor sensitized the mechanical response of muscular thin‐fibre afferents in rats
Authors: Murase S. , Kato K. , Taguchi T. , Mizumura K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe role of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in pain and muscular nociceptor activities is not well understood. We examined pain‐related behaviour and mechanical response of muscular thin‐fibre afferents after intramuscular injection of GDNF in rats.MethodsGDNF and antagonist to transient receptor potential V1 or acid‐sensing ion channels were injected into rat gastrocnemius muscle and muscular mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed with a Randall–Selitto analgesiometer. Activities of single C‐ (conduction velocity < 2.0 m/s) and Aδ‐fibres (conduction velocity 2.0–12.0 m/s) were recorded from extensor digitorum longus muscle–nerve preparations in vitro. The changes in the responses to mechanical stimuli before and after GDNF injection were recorded.ResultsMechanical hyperalgesia was observed from 1 h to 1 day after GDNF (0.03 μM, 20 μL) injection. The decreased withdrawal threshold was temporarily reversed after intramuscular injection of amiloride (50 mM, 20 μL), but not capsazepine (50 μM, 20 μL). In single‐fibre recordings, both phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and GDNF failed to induce any significant discharges. GDNF significantly enhanced the mechanical response when compared with the PBS group, but only in Aδ‐fibre afferents. C‐fibres were not affected. Significantly lowered threshold and increased response magnitude to mechanical stimuli were observed 30 or 60–120 min after injection. These times are compatible with the timing of the onset of the hyperalgesic effect of GDNF.ConclusionsThese results suggest that GDNF increased the response of muscular Aδ‐fibre afferents to mechanical stimuli, resulting in muscular mechanical hyperalgesia.
Spectroscopic Analysis of the Products of the Cycloaddition Reaction of 1‐Aryl‐2‐chlorocyclopropenes and Cyclopentadiene
Authors: Ding Mei‐Fang , Lee Chuan‐Chen , Lin Lian‐Chun , Lin Shaw‐Tao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe treatment of a series of 1‐aryl‐2,2‐dihalocyclopropanes with t‐BuOK at −10 °C produces the corresponding 1‐aryl‐2‐halocyclopropenes, which react with cyclopentadiene to produce fairly good yield of [4+2]‐cycloaddition products with more than 90% of the endo‐isomer. The higher yield obtained from hexane medium then from methanol and ionic liquid demonstrates that the reaction is a nonpolar process.
Anode direct contact for enhancing power generation and biofouling reduction in ultrafiltration microbial fuel cells
Authors: Kim Kyoung‐Yeol , Yang Euntae , Lee Mi‐Young , Chae Kyu‐Jung , Kim Sung‐Jo , Kim In S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn ultrafiltration microbial fuel cell (UF‐MFC) is a novel technology that can simultaneously produce high‐quality effluent and electricity during wastewater treatment. To increase the power density and mitigate the inevitable biofouling phenomena in UF‐MFCs, the anode direct contact (ADC) method was tested. ADC application in UF‐MFCs improves the power densities by reducing the distance between the anode electrode and UF membrane (lowering the internal resistance), and mitigates biofouling on the UF membrane surface due to the direct contact of the porous anode electrode with the membrane surface.RESULTSThe maximum power density increased from 76.6 ± 2.5 mW m−2 to 129.4 ± 13.9 mW m−2 after applying the ADC, with the internal resistance decreasing from 0.49 Ω m2 to 0.23 Ω m2. The concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and total cell number were also analyzed as indicators for measuring biofouling on the UF membrane surface. EPS proteins and total cell numbers were reduced (62.8% and 64.9% each) with ADC application after 70 h operation, though no differences were observed in the specific permeate flux.CONCLUSIONADC application is simple and its use can enhance the power densities and mitigate the biofouling phenomena of UF‐MFCs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
What's cost got to do with it? Association between hospital costs and frequency of admissions among “high users” of hospital care
Authors: Kieu Nguyen Oanh , Tang Ning , Hillman John M. , Gonzales Ralph 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDEfforts to curb healthcare spending have included interventions that target frequently hospitalized individuals. It is unclear the extent to which the most frequently hospitalized individuals also represent the costliest individuals.OBJECTIVETo examine the relationship between 2 types of “high users” commonly targeted in cost‐containment interventions—those incurring the highest hospital costs (“high cost”) and those incurring the highest number of hospitalizations (“high admit”).DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTSCross‐sectional study of 2566 individuals with a primary care physician and at least 1 hospitalization within an academic health system from 2010 to 2011.MEASUREMENTSOverlap between the population constituting the top decile of hospital costs and the population constituting the top decile of hospitalizations; characteristics of the 3 resulting high user subgroups.RESULTSOnly 48% of individuals who were high cost (>$65,000) were also high admit (≥3 hospitalizations). Compared to hospitalizations incurred by high cost–high admit individuals (n = 605), hospitalizations incurred by high cost–low admit individuals (n = 206) were more likely to be for surgical procedures (58 vs 22%, P < 0.001), had a higher cost ($68,000 vs $28,000, P < 0.001), longer length of stay (10 vs 5 days, P < 0.001), and were less likely to be a 30‐day readmission (17 vs 47%, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSStratifying high admit individuals by costs and high cost individuals by hospitalizations yields 3 distinct high user subgroups with important differences in clinical characteristics and utilization patterns. Consideration of these distinct subgroups may lead to better‐tailored interventions and achieve greater cost savings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:665–671. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Gadoxetate disodium in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: An analysis of hepatobiliary contrast excretion
Authors: Ringe Kristina I. , Hinrichs Jan , Merkle Elmar M. , Weismüller Tobias J. , Wacker Frank , Meyer Bernhard C. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo assess hepatobiliary excretion of gadoxetate disodium in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) over time and to determine a possible correlation with severity of the disease.Materials and MethodsA total of 111 patients (36 females, 75 males, mean age 41.5 yr) with confirmed diagnosis of PSC who underwent gadoxetate disodium enhanced hepatic MRI were included in this retrospective institutional review board‐approved study. Hepatocyte phase images (10–493 min post injection [p.i.]) were evaluated by one radiologist for the presence of contrast agent in the intrahepatic bile ducts (IBD), common bile duct (CBD), gallbladder (GB), and duodenum. In 54 patients, in whom hepatocyte phase scans were acquired within 10–20 min p.i., hepatobiliary excretion was compared with data collected in a previous study from patients without liver disease (controls; Mann‐Whitney U‐test). Excretion was further correlated with liver function tests (Kruskal‐Wallis test).ResultsCompared with controls, excretion was significantly delayed in patients with PSC: 20 min p.i. gadoxetate disodium could be detected in the IBD in 55.6% (controls:100%), CBD 53.7% (controls:100%), GB 39.6% (controls:87%), duodenum 13% (controls:66%), respectively. Contrast appearance in different bile duct sections increased over time and correlated significantly with serum bilirubin and AP levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionHepatobiliary excretion of gadoxetate disodium in PSC patients is significantly delayed. Excretion correlates with bilirubin levels, and thus indirectly with severity of disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:106–112. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High prevalence of HCMV and viral load in tumor tissues and peripheral blood of glioblastoma multiforme patients
Authors: dos Santos Claudia Januário , Stangherlin Lucas Matheus , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Corrêa Clemar , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , da Silva Maria Cristina Carlan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most prevalent and malignant tumor of the central nervous system. In the last few years, accumulating evidence has suggested an association between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and glioblastoma multiforme. In this study, tumor tissues and peripheral blood of patients with glioblastoma multiforme were examined for the presence of HCMV DNA. Twenty‐two fresh surgical brain specimens and 20 peripheral blood samples were analyzed by real‐time PCR (qPCR) and hemi‐nested PCR (nPCR) for the presence of pp65 and (glycoprotein B) gB viral genomic regions, respectively. HCMV DNA was detected in the majority of the tumor samples analyzed (95% by qPCR and 91% by nPCR). About half of the patients with tumors positive for HCMV also had detectable viral DNA in their peripheral blood (47% by qPCR and 61% by nPCR). Genome copy numbers were determined and in the majority of the tumor samples cellular DNA outnumbers viral DNA (average of 1 infected cell in 33 cells). The gB genotypes were determined in HCMV‐positive samples and gB2 was the most prevalent genotype in the tumor and blood samples. The results show a high prevalence of HCMV in glioblastoma multiforme samples reinforcing a possible association between HCMV infection and tumor development. J. Med. Virol. 86:1953–1961, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of ripening stage on the development of the microbial community during spontaneous fermentation of green tomatoes
Authors: Paramithiotis Spiros , Kouretas Konstantinos , Drosinos Eleftherios H 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpontaneous fermentation of plant‐derived material is mainly performed on a small scale, with the exception of fermented olives, cucumbers, sauerkraut and kimchi, which have met worldwide commercial significance.RESULTSThis study of spontaneous fermentation of green tomatoes at different stages of ripening revealed a significant effect on the growth kinetics of lactic acid bacteria and the final pH value. Leuconostoc mesenteroides dominated spontaneous fermentation when the initial pH value ranged from 3.8 to 4.8 whereas at higher pH values (4.9–5.4) it co‐dominated with Leu. citreum and Lactobacillus casei. Application of RAPD‐PCR and rep‐PCR allowed differentiation at sub‐species level, suggesting a microbial succession at that level accompanying the respective at species level.CONCLUSIONRipening stage affected the development of the micro‐ecosystem through the growth of lactic acid bacteria and concomitant pH value reduction; however, the outcome of the fermentation was only marginally different. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Local recurrence after radical nephrectomy for kidney cancer: management and prediction of outcomes. a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Paparel Philippe , Bigot Pierre , Matillon Xavier , Bensalah Karim , Salomon Laurent , Baumert Hervé , Bastide Cyril , Thuret Rodolphe , Karsenty Gilles , Long Jean Alexandre , Ammi Myriam , Bessede Thomas , Bin Sylvie , Roux Adeline , Escudier Bernard , Rioux Leclercq Nathalie , Pignot Géraldine , Soulie Michel , Patard Jean‐Jacques 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundLocal recurrence (LR) after radical nephrectomy (RN) for kidney cancer is uncommon. Our objectives were to analyse characteristics and therapeutic options of LR after RN and to identify survival prognostic factors.Materials and MethodsFrom a multi‐institutional retrospective database, we identified 72 patients who experienced LR after RN.ResultsMean time to LR was 26.5 ± 3.3 months. The location of the recurrence was renal fossa, regional lymph node, homolateral adrenal and both renal fossa and regional lymph node for 43 (59.7%), 27 (37.5%), 9 (12.5%) and 7 (9.7%) patients, respectively. Patients were treated by surgery, systemic therapies, combination of therapies and palliative treatment in 24 (33.3%), 18 (25%), 24 (33.3%) and 6 (8.4%) cases, respectively. Within a mean follow‐up of 26.4 ± 3.3 months from the date of local recurrence, 12 (16.6%) patients were alive without disease, 30 (41.7%) patients were alive with disease, 30 patients (41.6%) died including 28 (38.8%) from the disease. In multivariate analysis, time to recurrence <1 year (P < 0.001; HR: 4.81) and surgical treatment (P = 0.027; HR: 0.33) were predictive factors.ConclusionsLocal recurrence after radical nephrectomy is associated with poor prognosis. The time to recurrence and the completeness of the surgical treatment are major prognostic factors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:126–131. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.