bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Characteristics of Genetically Altered Wheat Related to Technological Protein Separation
Authors: Robertson George H. , Blechl Ann E. , Hurkman William J. , Anderson Olin D. , Cao Trung K. , Tanaka Charlene K. , Gregorski Kay S. , Orts William J. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTWheat protein is a technologically challenging substrate for food and nonfood applications because of its compositional diversity and susceptibility to denaturation. Genetic modification could be used to create cultivars capable of producing more uniform or focused and novel protein compositions targeted to nonfood uses. These lines could serve as expression systems for specific high‐molecular‐weight (HMW) protein polymers and would be new crops leading to more diverse agricultural opportunities. However, fundamental changes to the molecular architecture in such wheat seeds could also result in separation and processing issues, such that conventional methods of protein enrichment may need modification or even reinvention. Enriched gluten protein fractions were prepared from Bobwhite lines modified to overproduce HMW glutenin subunits Dx5 and/or Dy10. These lines serve as experimental models to test various approaches that may be taken for protein polymer enrichment. However, conventional wheat gluten enrichment based on the glutomatic as a small model of industrial methods was incapable of producing enrichment for any of the tested meal or flour, including that from the non‐transformed parent Bobwhite. Mixing in the mixograph or farinograph failed to produce standard patterns for whole kernel meal and straight‐run flour, and the normal cohesiveness of dough expected from these devices was not observed. Microscopy of stained dough samples revealed severely limited formation of normal protein networks, a capability crucial to conventional separation technology. Particle size analysis of whole kernel meal revealed a higher resistance to milling for the altered lines. Higher drying rates, lower farinograph moisture absorption, and increased thermal transition temperatures were observed. These data suggested that the native architecture of these new forms was more tightly constructed with reduced capacity for alteration by hydration and input of mechanical energy. An alternative enrichment method featuring solvation in SDS and precipitation in acetone produced coagulated (Bobwhite) or partially coagulated protein (transgenic lines producing Dx5 or Dy10) enriched to 78–85% protein with high yield.
Age‐related loss of nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle causes reductions in calpain S‐nitrosylation that increase myofibril degradation and sarcopenia
Authors: Samengo Giuseppina , Avik Anna , Fedor Brian , Whittaker Daniel , Myung Kyu H. , Wehling‐Henricks Michelle , Tidball James G. 
Published: September 2012

SummarySarcopenia, the age‐related loss of muscle mass, is a highly‐debilitating consequence of aging. In this investigation, we show sarcopenia is greatly reduced by muscle‐specific overexpression of calpastatin, the endogenous inhibitor of calcium‐dependent proteases (calpains). Further, we show that calpain cleavage of specific structural and regulatory proteins in myofibrils is prevented by covalent modification of calpain by nitric oxide (NO) through S‐nitrosylation. We find that calpain in adult, non‐sarcopenic muscles is S‐nitrosylated but that aging leads to loss of S‐nitrosylation, suggesting that reduced S‐nitrosylation during aging leads to increased calpain‐mediated proteolysis of myofibrils. Further, our data show that muscle aging is accompanied by loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), the primary source of muscle NO, and that expression of a muscle‐specific nNOS transgene restores calpain S‐nitrosylation in aging muscle and prevents sarcopenia. Together, the findings show that in vivo reduction of calpain S‐nitrosylation in muscle may be an important component of sarcopenia, indicating that modulation of NO can provide a therapeutic strategy to slow muscle loss during old age.
Management of raised glucose, a clinical decision tool to reduce length of stay of patients with hyperglycaemia
Authors: Herring R. , Russell‐Jones D. L. , Pengilley C. , Hopkins H. , Tuthill B. , Wright J. , Hordern S. V. , Pengilley C. , Hopkins H. , Tuthill B. , Davidson S. 
Published: September 2012

Diabet. Med. 30, 81–87 (2013)AbstractObjective  To assess whether the introduction of a management of raised glucose clinical decision tool could improve assessment of patients with hyperglycaemia by non‐specialist physicians, leading to early discharge and improved quality of inpatient care.Methods  Participants were adults aged 18 years or over presenting to the Medical Assessment Unit with a capillary blood glucose level > 11.1 mmol/l. Phase 1 of the study (phase 1) evaluated current clinical practice and potential impact of the clinical decision tool. Phase 2 evaluated the effectiveness of the management of raised glucose tool in clinical practice. Primary outcome measures were inpatient length of stay and same‐calendar‐day discharges. Secondary outcome measures were diabetes specialist input, patient assessment, intravenous insulin infusion use and patient satisfaction.Results  Implementation of the management of raised glucose clinical decision tool allowed safe, same‐calendar‐day discharges of 40% of patients with hyperglycaemia as their primary reason for attendance. Median length of stay was lower in the phase 1 than in phase 2 (1.0 vs. 3.5 days, P < 0.01). Early discharge did not result in an increase in readmissions. There was improvement in hyperglycaemia assessment for all patients (P < 0.01), a reduction in the use of intravenous insulin infusions (P < 0.01) and high level of patient satisfaction.Conclusion  The management of raised glucose clinical decision tool resulted in a significant increase in the number of same‐calendar‐day discharges and reduction in hospital length of stay without adverse impact on readmission rates. Additionally, the tool was associated with improvements in inpatient diabetes care and patient satisfaction.
Episodic acidification affects the breakdown and invertebrate colonisation of oak litter
Authors: PYE MARIAN C. , VAUGHAN IAN P. , ORMEROD STEVE J. 
Published: September 2012

Summary1. Although European streams are now recovering chemically from acidification, biological recovery is limited. One hypothesis is that continuing acid episodes restrict acid‐sensitive species in recovering locations either through direct toxicity or by affecting ecological processes. Here, we test this hypothesis by assessing the effects of episodic acid exposure on the breakdown and macroinvertebrate colonisation of oak (Quercus robur) litter.2. Over 83 days, acid episodes of 4 days’ duration were simulated by repeatedly transplanting litter bags of contrasting mesh size between replicate acidic and circumneutral streams around Llyn Brianne (Wales, U.K.). Results were compared against controls from circumneutral streams and circumneutral transplants, while invertebrates colonising litter were compared with adjacent assemblages.3. Breakdown was retarded significantly by repeated acid exposure in comparison with circumneutral transplants, but only in litter to which invertebrates had access. Overall breakdown was also significantly slower in fine‐mesh than in coarse‐mesh bags.4. Plecopteran shredders were the major invertebrate colonists of litter, along with smaller numbers of grazers and predators. However, acid exposure eliminated or suppressed acid‐sensitive families, resulting in an overall composition converging on that in acid streams.5. The rapid loss of sensitive invertebrates from acid‐exposed litter supports the hypothesis that acid episodes suppress biological recovery from acidification through direct physiological effects. However, our litter breakdown data indicate that (i) some effects of acid episodes could be mediated through litter processing; and (ii) episodic acidification could disrupt litter breakdown through effects on invertebrate composition or activity. These data suggest that delayed biological recovery from acidification can reflect a combination of direct toxic and indirect ecological effects.
Epidemiology of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3 infections based on virus isolation between 2002 and 2011 in Yamagata, Japan
Authors: Mizuta Katsumi , Abiko Chieko , Aoki Yoko , Ikeda Tatsuya , Itagaki Tsutomu , Katsushima Fumio , Katsushima Yuriko , Matsuzaki Yoko , Noda Masahiro , Kimura Hirokazu , Ahiko Tadayuki 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTTo clarify the epidemiology of viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs), 305 human parainfluenza virus types 1 (HPIV1), 154 HPIV2 and 574 HPIV3 strains were isolated from 16,962 nasopharyngeal swabs obtained between 2002 and 2011 at pediatric clinics in Yamagata, Japan. The total isolation frequency for HPIV1–3 was 6.1%. Unlike HPIV1 infections, HPIV3 showed clear seasonality with yearly outbreaks in the spring–summer season. HPIV2 tended to appear biannually in autumn–winter. Although no reliable techniques for the laboratory diagnosis of these infections have been established, the present results suggest that HPIV1–3 are an important causative agent of ARIs in children.
Genome‐wide identification of viral and host transcripts targeted by viral siRNAs in Vitis vinifera
Authors: Miozzi Laura , Gambino Giorgio , Burgyan Jozsef , Pantaleo Vitantonio 
Published: September 2012

SummaryIn plants, RNA silencing is a surveillance mechanism against invading viruses. It involves the production of virus‐derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), which guide the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC) to inactivate viruses. vsiRNAs may also promote the silencing of host mRNAs in a sequence‐specific manner. In this work, vsiRNAs derived from two grapevine‐infecting viruses (Grapevine fleck virus and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting‐associated virus) were selected from cDNA libraries of short RNAs and were cross‐referenced with the remnants of both cleaved host transcripts and viral RNAs from a degradome dataset. We identified dozens of host transcripts targeted by vsiRNAs. Among them, several encode putative proteins involved in ribosome biogenesis and in biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we identified vsiRNAs which explain the cleavage sites in viral genomes. A consistent fraction of vsiRNAs did not apparently account for cleavage, suggesting that only a low percentage of vsiRNAs are involved in the antiviral response.
Catastrophic complication of an interscalene catheter for continuous peripheral nerve block analgesia
Authors: Yanovski B. , Gaitini L. , Volodarski D. , Ben‐David B. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryWe report a catastrophic postoperative complication of a prolonged interscalene block performed under general anaesthesia. The course of the anaesthetic was uneventful and the patient remained stable during his stay in the recovery area with the operative extremity paralysed and insensate. No further local anaesthetic was administered until later that day when the patient received 10 ml bupivacaine 0.25% through the catheter. Upon completion of the top‐up dose, no change in the patient’s status was noticed. The patient was next assessed 6.5 h later when he was found dead in his bed. A postmortem CT scan revealed the catheter to be sited intrathecally, presumably the result of dural sleeve penetration.
Better cancer biomarker discovery through better study design
Authors: Rundle Andrew , Ahsan Habibul , Vineis Paolo 
Published: September 2012

Eur J Clin Invest 2012; 42 (12): 1350–1359AbstractBackground  High‐throughput laboratory technologies coupled with sophisticated bioinformatics algorithms have tremendous potential for discovering novel biomarkers, or profiles of biomarkers, that could serve as predictors of disease risk, response to treatment or prognosis. We discuss methodological issues in wedding high‐throughput approaches for biomarker discovery with the case–control study designs typically used in biomarker discovery studies, especially focusing on nested case–control designs.Methods  We review principles for nested case–control study design in relation to biomarker discovery studies and describe how the efficiency of biomarker discovery can be effected by study design choices. We develop a simulated prostate cancer cohort data set and a series of biomarker discovery case–control studies nested within the cohort to illustrate how study design choices can influence biomarker discovery process.Result  Common elements of nested case–control design, incidence density sampling and matching of controls to cases are not typically factored correctly into biomarker discovery analyses, inducing bias in the discovery process. We illustrate how incidence density sampling and matching of controls to cases reduce the apparent specificity of truly valid biomarkers ‘discovered’ in a nested case–control study. We also propose and demonstrate a new case–control matching protocol, we call ‘antimatching’, that improves the efficiency of biomarker discovery studies.Conclusions  For a valid, but as yet undiscovered, biomarker(s) disjunctions between correctly designed epidemiologic studies and the practice of biomarker discovery reduce the likelihood that true biomarker(s) will be discovered and increases the false‐positive discovery rate.
3D multiscale segmentation and morphological analysis of x‐ray microtomography from cold‐sprayed coatings
Authors: GILLIBERT L. , PEYREGA C. , JEULIN D. , GUIPONT V. , JEANDIN M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryX‐ray microtomography from cold‐sprayed coatings brings a new insight on this deposition process. A noise‐tolerant segmentation algorithm is introduced, based on the combination of two segmentations: a deterministic multiscale segmentation and a stochastic segmentation. The stochastic approach uses random Poisson lines as markers. Results on a X‐ray microtomographic image of aluminium particles are presented and validated.
Rise and fall of pandemic Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 in southern Chile
Authors: García Katherine , Bastías Roberto , Higuera Gastón , Torres Rafael , Mellado Alex , Uribe Paulina , Espejo Romilio T. 
Published: September 2012

SummarySeafood consumption‐related diarrhoea increased drastically in Chile when the pandemic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 reached Region de Los Lagos, where most of Chile's seafood is produced. Outbreaks peaked in 2005 with 3725 clinical cases in this region and gradually decreased to fewer than 10 cases in 2010 and 2011. We show here that the pandemic strain concurrently vanished from mussels; we also report further environmental data. Integration of the 2010/2011 data with those obtained since 2004 suggests that after its arrival in southern Chile, the pandemic strain grew in mussels, likely facilitated by a minor rise in surface seawater temperature and by warming of the mussels in the intertidal region due to frequent sunny days. However, since these environmental parameters probably equally affected the pandemic strain and more than 30 V. parahaemolyticus DNA restriction clusters that inhabit local shellfish, a selective effect of bacteriophages is proposed. Lytic bacteriophage VP93 may have favoured the growth of the pandemic strain versus similar phage‐sensitive strains, as shown here in a particular case. However, the pandemic strain's decline may have been promoted by temperate phage VP58.5, which kills the pandemic strain and increases the UV sensitivity of lysogenized phage‐resistant cells.
Oral insecticidal activity of plant‐associated pseudomonads
Authors: Ruffner Beat , Péchy‐Tarr Maria , Ryffel Florian , Hoegger Patrik , Obrist Christian , Rindlisbacher Alfred , Keel Christoph , Maurhofer Monika 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBiocontrol pseudomonads are most known to protect plants from fungal diseases and to increase plant yield, while intriguing aspects on insecticidal activity have been discovered only recently. Here, we demonstrate that Fit toxin producing pseudomonads, in contrast to a naturally Fit‐deficient strain, exhibit potent oral activity against larvae of Spodoptera littoralis, Heliothis virescens and Plutella xylostella, all major insect pests of agricultural crops. Spraying plant leaves with suspensions containing only 1000 Pseudomonas cells per ml was sufficient to kill 70–80% of Spodoptera and Heliothis larvae. Monitoring survival kinetics and bacterial titres in parallel, we demonstrate that Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391, two bacteria harbouring the Fit gene cluster colonize and kill insects via oral infection. Using Fit mutants of CHA0 and PCL1391, we show that production of the Fit toxin contributes substantially to oral insecticidal activity. Furthermore, the global regulator GacA is required for full insecticidal activity. Our findings demonstrate the lethal oral activity of two root‐colonizing pseudomonads so far known as potent antagonists of fungal plant pathogens. This adds insecticidal activity to the existing biocontrol repertoire of these bacteria and opens new perspectives for applications in crop pest control and in research on their ecological behaviour.
Only a whisper away. A philosophical view of the awake patient's situation during regional anaesthetics and surgery
Authors: Karlsson Ann‐Christin , Ekebergh Margaretha , Larsson Mauléon Annika , Almerud Österberg Sofia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study the awake patient's intraoperative situation and experiences during regional anaesthetics and surgery are reflected upon by using the work of the French philosopher Maurice Merleau‐Ponty. Merleau‐Ponty's phenomenological idea of the body as being at the centre of the world highlights the patient's embodied position and bestows significance onto the body as a whole, as a lived body. A case, based on the findings from a previous interview study, is presented as a contextual starting point where a patient goes from having a familiar body recognized as her own to having a partially anaesthetized body experienced as an unknown object. The intraoperative caring space is described in this context as the mutual ground where the awake patient and the nurse anaesthetist (NA) can interact to create meaning. The NA can act as the patient's bodily extension to bridge the gap between the patient's experiences and the situation. This calls for the NA's proximity and genuine presence in order to meet and understand the patient's awake experiences. Learning from the patient's situatedness gives information that is valuable for NAs to share with patients who are less experienced with this contextual situation. The challenge for the NA is not to perform routine‐based care, but to acknowledge every patient's lifeworld and uniqueness thus enabling the patient to move easily along the mind–body–world continuum. The core of intraoperative care is to provide support and promote well‐being of awake patients in the intraoperative environment. The use of a philosophical perspective is relevant for nurses who work in an intraoperative setting where patients undergo regional anaesthetics. This study shows how nursing research using phenomenological philosophy can help uncover new meanings known only to the patients living the experience.
A cyborg ontology in health care: traversing into the liminal space between technology and person‐centred practice
Authors: Lapum Jennifer , Fredericks Suzanne , Beanlands Heather , McCay Elizabeth , Schwind Jasna , Romaniuk Daria 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPerson‐centred practice indubitably seems to be the antithesis of technology. The ostensible polarity of technology and person‐centred practice is an easy road to travel down and in their various forms has been probably travelled for decades if not centuries. By forging ahead or enduring these dualisms, we continue to approach and recede, but never encounter the elusive and the liminal space between technology and person‐centred practice. Inspired by Haraway's work, we argue that healthcare practitioners who critically consider their cyborg ontology may begin the process to initiate and complicate the liminal and sought after space between technology and person‐centred practice. In this paper, we draw upon Haraway's idea that we are all materially and ontologically cyborgs. Cyborgs, the hybridity of machine and human, are part of our social reality and embedded in our everyday existence. By considering our cyborg ontology, we suggest that person‐centred practice can be actualized in the contextualized, embodied and relational spaces of technology. It is not a question of espousing technology or person‐centred practice. Such dualisms have been historically produced and reproduced over many decades and prevented us from recognizing our own cyborg ontology. Rather, it is salient that we take notice of our own cyborg ontology and how technological, habitual ways of being may prevent (and facilitate) us to recognize the embodied and contextualized experiences of patients. A disruption and engagement with the habitual can ensure we are not governed by technology in our logics and practices of care and can move us to a conscious and critical integration of person‐centred practice in the technologized care environments. By acknowledging ourselves as cyborgs, we can recapture and preserve our humanness as caregivers, as well as thrive as we proceed in our technological way of being.
Coping strategies of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: Association with PTSD and dissociation
Authors: FINKLESTEIN MICHAL , LAUFER AVITAL , SOLOMON ZAHAVA 
Published: September 2012

Finklestein, M., Laufer, A. & Solomon, Z. (2012). Coping strategies of Ethiopian immigrants in Israel: Association with PTSD and dissociation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 490–498.The aim of this study was to examine the relations between coping strategies, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and dissociation among Jewish Ethiopian refugees in Israel (following exposure to pre‐, peri‐ and post‐migration stressful events). Method: A random sample (N = 478) of three waves of refugees took part in the research (N = 165; N = 169; N = 144). Religiosity, coping strategies, stressful and traumatic events, pre‐ and peri‐ migration, post‐migration difficulties, posttraumatic symptoms, and dissociation were assessed. Results: A significant relationship was found between PTSD symptoms and avoidance coping over and above immigration wave and traumatic events. Dissociation was positively associated with passivity and antisocial coping and negatively associated with social joining and level of religiosity, over and above immigration wave and traumatic events. The findings are discussed in the light of the coping strategies employed by Ethiopian refugees.