bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal IgA Antibody Responses after Oral Poliovirus Vaccination in Infants and Elder Children
Authors: Nishio Osamu , Sumi Junko , Sakae Kenji , Ishihara Yuichi , Isomura Sin , Inouye Sakae 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated fecal IgA antibody responses after oral polyvalent poliovirus vaccination. Infants were given vaccines twice with an interval of 6 weeks. Specific IgA antibodies in the feces were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and viruses were isolated in tissue cultures. We found that, after the first vaccination, antibody responses seemed to be elicited only against the serotypes of isolated viruses. After the second vaccination, however, antibodies were detected to all three serotypes with higher titers, suggesting that the first vaccination induced the immunologic memory. The IgA antibodies had virus‐neutralizing activity, and existed in the feces as both intact 11S and fragmented 4S molecules. Next, children were given the third vaccination 3 or 9 years later. Fecal IgA antibody responses were found to be poorer in elder children, while they responded with high serum neutralization titers. The secretory IgA memory seemed to last much shorter than the serum IgG memory.
Drug Resistance and R Plasmids in Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Swine
Authors: Yamamoto Junya , Sakano Tetsuya , Shimizu Mikio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA total of 163 strains of Pasteurella multocida isolated from swine were examined for drug resistance and R plasmids. Strains resistant to sulfadimethoxine (Sar), ampicillin (Apr), streptomycin (Smr), kanamycin (Kmr), and chloramphenicol (Cpr) were found in 93.9, 1.8, 16.6, 1.2, and 10.4%, respectively. There were two patterns of drug resistance (Sar and SarCpr) in isolates from nasal cavities, and five patterns (Sar, SarSmr, SarSmrCpr, SarSmrApr, and SarSmrKmrCpr) in isolates from pneumonic lung specimens. Two isolates studied were proved to carry a nonconjugative R plasmid pJY2 or pJY8 with other unidentified plasmids, respectively. pJY2 (3.6 megadaltons) encoding resistance to SarSmr had one cleavage site for EcoRI or HindIII endonuclease and two sites for PstI endonuclease. pJY8 (5.5 megadaltons) encoding resistance to Sar SmrKmrCpr had one EcoRI site and two PstI sites.
Early Development of CD8‐Negative and CD8‐Positive MHC‐Unrestricted Cytotoxic Cells Induced by Alloantigen Inoculation in Mice
Authors: Nishi Yasuaki , Hosokawa Tomohide , Aoike Akira , Kawai Keiichi , Kamahora Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPeritoneal cells (PC) in C57B1/6 (B6, H‐2b) mice receiving an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of allogeneic BALB/c (H‐2d) spleen cells demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against syngeneic, xenogeneic, third‐party allogeneic tumors as well as H‐2d derived tumors. Maximum cytotoxic activity against various tumors other than H‐2d derived tumor, B16 (H‐2b) was elicited on day 3 post allosensitization and decreased drastically thereafter, whereas cytotoxic activity against P815 (H‐2d) peaked 3 days after the inoculation and maintained the peak activity thereafter. Surface phenotype of PC responsible for the cytotoxic activity against B16 was Thy‐1+/‐, Lyt‐2‐, L3T4−, asialo GM1 (AGM1)+, and that of PC against P815 was Thy‐1+, Lyt‐2+ (or Lyt‐2+/‐), L3T4~, AGM1+. These phenotypes showed similar phenotypes to the counterparts against B16 and against P815 in spleen cells induced by intravenous inoculation of alloantigen. When mice were pretreated i.p. with anti‐AGM1 antibody before the allosensitization, anti‐P815 cytotoxic activity in PC was completely diminished. Similar activity in spleen, however, was enhanced by i.v. treatment with the antibody before the i.v. inoculation of alloantigen. The data clearly demonstrate that in vivo inoculation of B6 mice with normal allogeneic cells induces “NK‐like” CD8‐ cytotoxic cells and “anomalous” CD8+ cytotoxic cells in PC.
Idiotypical Identity of IgG Myeloma Protein with Monoclonal IgM, Bence Jones Protein, and Fv Derived from One Patient
Authors: Miyagawa Nobuyuki , Morita Keiko , Azuma Takachika 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSerum from a patient (KK) with IgG2‐λ myeloma was shown to contain multiple paraproteins corresponding to an IgM‐λ monoclonal protein (MMP), a λ‐type Bence Jones protein (BJP), and a 30 kDa component in addition to the IgG2 myeloma protein (GMP). These proteins possessed common idiotypic determinants, as judged by their monoclonal reactivity with rabbit anti‐GMP idiotype antibody (aId) in the immunofixation electrophoresis. Analysis with aId absorbed with either H or L chain of GMP revealed that the 30 kDa component shared both VH and VL with GMP and MMP. while BJP carried only the VL idiotype. The 30 kDa component, however, failed to react with antibody to either the μ, γ, α, K, or λ isotype, indicating that it had an Fv‐like molecular composition. These results suggest that myeloma cells of KK had diverged from the same precursor B cell clone to produce MPs of different isotypes and altered molecular constructions.
Attachment of Mycoplasma salivarium and Mycoplasma ovale to Glass Surfaces
Authors: Watanabe Tsuguo , Yukitake Hideharu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMycoplasma salivarium ATCC 23064 and 24 other oral strains, and Mycoplasma orale ATCC 15539 and 22 other oral strains were examined quantitatively for attachment to glass surfaces by using ELISA method. Although all of the tested strains attached to glass surfaces, M. salivarium attached far more readily than M. orale. The results suggested that electrostatic bonds were involved in the attachment and that bivalent metal ions also played a role.
Dose‐Dependent Transplacental Infection of Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus GDVII in Gravid Uterus
Authors: Miyamae Takeo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntrauterine infection of murine encephalomyelitis virus GDVII was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method. Sixty‐day‐old pregnant mice were inoculated with 5 gradated doses of the virus ranging from 0.001 to 1.5 MLD50 via i.v. route on the 10th day of gestation. The mice exsanguinated on postinfection day 8 showed high incidences of viral antigen in the uterine walls, placentas, and fetal subcutaneous tissues with doses of 0.1‐1.5 MLD50, regardless of the presence of maternal symptoms. Incidence of viral antigen‐positive cells in fetal brains was high with a dose of 0.1 MLD50, but not by the other doses. However, the brains of the stillborn and newly‐born mice derived from females infected by a dose of 0.5 MLD50 brought about still higher detection rates of viral antigen, as well as in the postpartum uteri. In effect, transplacental transmission of the virus was clearly demonstrated, and appeared to be dose‐dependent.
Elevated Expression of Proto‐Oncogenes during Interleukin‐5‐Induced Growth and Differentiation of Murine B Lineage Cells
Authors: Migita Masahiro , Yamaguchi Naoto , Katoh Shigeki , Mita Seiji , Matsumoto Ryoji , Sonoda Eiichiro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Matsuda Ichiro , Tominaga Akira , Takatsu Kiyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntcrleukin 5 (IL‐5), a lymphokine produced by helper T cells, is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of B cells and other hematopoietic cells. To elucidate IL‐5‐mediated intracellular mechanisms, we have established IL‐5‐dependent and ‐independent murine early B cell lines, J6 and MJ88‐1, respectively, and examined the effect of IL‐5 on the expression of proto‐oncogenes during proliferation. Two‐ to 3.5‐fold increases in the levels of c‐myb, c‐myc, c‐fos, and c‐fms mRNA were observed in J6 cells, compared with those in MJ88‐1 cells. Further, a role of IL‐5 in the proto‐oncogene expression during differentiation was examined by using thymidine‐treated murine B‐cell chronic leukemia BCL1‐B20 cells with growth arrest. After 4‐day culture, the amount of IgM secreted from BCL1‐B20 cells was augmented 4‐6 fold in the presence of IL‐5. Although expression of c‐myb, c‐fos, and c‐fms mRNA did not change, only c‐myc mRNA expression was elevated within 30 min of stimulation with IL‐5 and reached a maximal level by 1 hr. Addition of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or IL‐4 to the culture of BCL1‐B20 cells inhibited both the IL‐5‐mediated augmentation of IgM secretion and the elevated expression of c‐myc mRNA. These findings suggest that the IL‐5 signal may be associated with the up‐regulation of c‐myc expression.
Molecular Cloning and Partial DNA Sequencing of the Collagenase Gene of Vibrio alginolyticus
Authors: Fukushima Jun , Takeuchi Hiroaki , Tanaka Eiichi , Hamajima Kenji , Sato Yayoi , Kawamoto Susumu , Morihara Kazuyuki , Keil Borivoj , Okuda Kenji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDNA fragments Vibrio alginolyticus chemovar iophagus, at least 7 kb in length, were ligated to Escherichia coli expression vectors. Three clones of Escherichia coli HB101 (pLCO‐1, pLCO‐2, pLCO‐3) were obtained by the colony immunoblotting method using anti‐collagenase antibody. In Escherichia coli, all these genes produced collagenase antigens which were detected with Western blotting. The amino acid sequence of chemically purified collagenase fragments was also analyzed. An approximately 2.5 kb DNA fragment of the pLCO‐1 clone was sequenced, and we found that portions of the deduced amino acid sequence were completely identical with the corresponding amino acid sequence of the chemically analyzed fragments. Therefore, it is highly probable that the gene studied in the present experiment is truly a collagenase structural gene.
Growth Physiology of Mycobacteria in Modified Dubos Liquid Medium
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAlthough mycobacteria grow in Dubos liquid medium showing an arithmetic linear growth, the initial few days of growth were found to correspond to an ‘induction’ period. In this period, rapid increase of the amount of growth occurred, whereas increase of the number of colony‐forming units remained at a low level. This finding shows that the rapid increase of the amount of growth is accompanied by rapid death of multiplied bacteria. In a successive period, which was considered to correspond to the logarithmic growth phase, a 1:1 correspondence existed between the amount of growth and the number of colony‐forming units. The induction period is not considered to be a lag phase, in which the bacteria grow slowly, but a period of unbalanced relationship between the growth and the viability. Even when we inoculated different sizes of bacteria, the amounts of growth became similar in both inoculations after several days of incubation. However, the number of colony‐forming units remained always smaller in the use of small inocula than in the use of large inocula. In the use of small inocula, much more rapid increase of the amount of growth occurred. However, this rapid increase gave rise to rapid death of bacteria.
Permeability of Gentamicin and Polymyxin B into the Inside of Bacillus subtilis Spores
Authors: Fujita Yuko , Yasuda Yoko , Tochikubo Kunio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe penetration of gentamicin and polymyxin B into the inside of Bacillus subtilis spores was examined by an immunoelectron microscopy method with colloidal gold—immunoglobulin G (IgG) complex. The colloidal gold particles were located predominantly in the coat region of both gentamicin‐treated and polymyxin B‐treated spores and were hardly observed in the other regions, i.e., the cortex and core regions. When these antibiotic‐treated spores were subsequently treated with CaCl2, the number of gold particles bound to the coat region was greatly decreased. These results suggest that these two antibiotics are able to penetrate into the spore coat but not into the cortex or core, that is, the primary permeability barrier to them exists between the coat and the cortex regions.
The Occurrence of α(1 → 2) Linked N‐Acetylperosamine‐Homopolymer in Lipopolysaccharides of Non‐O1 Vibrio cholerae Possessing an Antigenic Factor in Common with Ol V. cholerae
Authors: Haishima Yuji , Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChemical analysis was carried out on lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae bio‐serogroup Hakata 487–85. The O‐specific chain of the phenol‐soluble lipopolysaccharides was demonstrated by 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and methylation analysis to contain a linear homopolymer of α(l→2) linked N‐acetylperosamine (4‐acctamido‐4,6‐dideoxy‐D‐mannopyranose), which was closely similar to but not identical to a linear α(l→2) linked N‐3‐deoxy‐L‐glycerotetronyl (S‐2,4‐dihydroxy‐butyryl) perosamine‐homopolymer constituting that of Ol Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides.
Diversity of Matrix Protein in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Measles Virus‐Infected Cells
Authors: Haga Takeshi , Yoshikawa Yasuhiro , Yamanouchi Kazuya 
Published: November 2013

AbstractExpression of the viral matrix (M) proteins in Vero cells infected with 18 strains of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus and measles virus was examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis using an anti‐M monospecific serum and two sera against the M protein specific synthetic peptides. By immunocytochemistry using the anti‐M monospecific serum, M protein was detected in all of the virus‐infected cells regardless of cell‐free virus production. M proteins of the seven non‐productive strains were found to vary significantly in their epitope, in their reactivity to different assay systems, and in their molecular weight, whereas M proteins of the other 11 productive strains were detected consistently. These results suggest diversification of M protein of the non‐productive strains.
The Adhesion of Protein A‐Bearing Staphylococcus aureus Organisms to Soluble‐Staphylococcal‐Antigens‐Coated HeLa Cells Mediated by Specific Antibodies
Authors: Murai Miyo , Sakurada Junji , Seki Keiko , Ogasawara Masami , Arai Yoshiko , Edamura Keiko , Masuda Shogo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe adhesion of staphylococcal protein A (SpA)‐bearing Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I organisms to HeLa cells was enhanced by pretreatment of HeLa cells with staphylococcal extracellular antigens and antibodies to them. The adhesion of HLj, an SpA‐poor mutant derived from Cowan I, to HeLa cells was not enhanced by the same pretreatment of HeLa cells. Furthermore, the enhanced staphylococcal adhesion was inhibited by soluble SpA. The antigen(s) responsible for the enhanced staphylococcal adhesion was(were) heat stable. Pretreatment of HeLa cells with the mixture of staphylococcal extracellular antigens and antibodies to them also enhanced the adhesion of Cowan I. Similarly the adhesion of Cowan I was enhanced by pretreatment of HeLa cells with extracellular antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and antibodies to them. These results indicated that cell‐bound SpA mediated the binding of S. aureus to immune complexes composed of extracellular bacterial products and antibodies to them bound to the surface of HeLa cells, and suggested another role of cell‐bound SpA as a co‐adhesin with other factors in infections due to S. aureus.
Comparative Characterization of Inducible and Virulent Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacteriophages Having Unique Head Projections
Authors: Koga Tetsuro , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhage TP1, induced from Vibrio parahaemolyticus K‐20 pilot strain by mitomycin C, exhibited a unique hexagonal head with knob‐like projections which covered the whole capsid and a noncontractile tail. The appearance of this phage was very similar to those of phages VP3 and VP6, isolated from seawater. The host range of phage TP1 was similar to those of phages VP3 and VP6. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of the three phage particles revealed almost identical patterns with four major polypeptides with apparent approximate molecular masses: 78, 42, 37 and 34.5 kDa. On the basis of HindII digestion patterns on agarose gel electrophoresis, the lengths of phage TP1 and VP3 DNAs were estimated to be about 65 kilobase pairs (kbp) and that of VP6 DNA was about 74 kbp. The digestion patterns of all three phage DNAs by DraI, BamHI and MspI were very similar. The DNAs of TP1 and VP3 exhibited almost the same digestion patterns with HindIII and EcoRI, whereas the digestion patterns of VP6 DNA were significantly different from those of the former. From these findings, it seems likely that virulent phage VP3 is originated from a lysogenic phage, probably TP1, of V. parahaemolyticus.
Pattern of Shedding of Small, Round‐Structured Virus Particles in Stools of Patients of Outbreaks of Food‐Poisoning from Raw Oysters
Authors: Haruki Kosuke , Seto Yoshiyuki , Murakami Tsukasa , Kimura Teruo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe pattern of shedding of the small, round‐structured virus (SRSV) particles in the stools of patients who suffered from food‐poisoning due to raw oysters was investigated. The duration and concentration of fecal shedding of the SRSV particles were studied by electron microscopic examinations of stool specimens obtained during the course of illness to see a relation of viral shedding to day of illness. It was found that the fecal shedding of the SRSV particles occurred within five days of illness; thereafter, the concentration of the SRSV particles in feces rapidly decreased within a few days during the course of illness.
Isolation, and Morphological and Chemical Properties of an Autolysis‐Deficient Mutant of Clostridium botulinum Type A
Authors: Kinouchi Takemi , Takumi Kenji , Kawata Tomio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn autolysis‐deficient mutant was isolated from Clostridium botulinum type A 190L by treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate. The cell wall prepared from the mutant autolyzed at much slower rate than that from the parent strain, accompanying with much less liberation of both amino terminals and reducing groups. Electron microscopic observation revealed that the mutant strain was converted to short rod or curved spherical form with thickned cell walls when the growth temperature was shifted from 37 to 45 C. The mutant had a significantly larger amount of non‐peptidoglycan‐carbohydrate complexes than did the parent strain and became markedly resistant to the autolysin partially purified from the parent, compared with the parent strain. Furthermore, the mutant was fairly tolerant to killing by penicillin. These results suggest that the autolysis deficiency of the mutant was due not only to the deficient production of autolysin but also to the excess accumulation of carbohydrate in the cell wall.
Adherence to HEp‐2 Cells and Replication in Macrophages of Salmonella derby of Human Origin
Authors: Budiarti Sri , Hirai Yoshikazu , Minami Junzaburo , Katayama Sei‐ichi , Shimizu Tohru , Okabe Akinobu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdherence to a HEp‐2 cell monolayer was tested for in four strains of Salmonella derby which were isolated from patients with diarrhea. One strain, SB1, was highly adherent and another strain, SB4, was nonadherent. The other two strains exhibited moderate adherence. Further in vitro study of invasion of HEp‐2 cells by S. derby and its replication in murine peritoneal macrophages was carried out using SB1 and SB4. Thin section electron micrographs revealed that SB1 invaded HEp‐2 cells but SB4 did not. The number of viable bacteria within macrophages was determined at intervals after inoculation of bacteria. The result indicates that SB1 can replicate in the macrophages but SB4 cannot. Flagella and fimbriae were compared by electron microscopy between SB1 and SB4, and their lipopolysaccharides and outer membrane proteins were also compared with each other by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of a 41 kDa protein in the outer membranes of SB1 was only the difference detected, suggesting that this protein could be a factor required for adherence of this serovar to epithelial cells.
Plasmid Incidence Rate and Conjugative Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline Resistance Plasmids in Malaysian Isolates of Salmonella typhi
Authors: Phipps Maude , Pang Tikki , Koh Chong Lek , Puthucheary Savithri 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSeven (6.1%) of 115 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated from Malaysian patients harbored a single large plasmid of 71 to 166 mD. Two of the seven plasmid‐bearing strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (Cm) and tetracycline (Tc) and they transferred Cm and Tc resistance traits to Escherichia coli K12 at frequencies from 1.6 × 10−7 to 1.9 × 10−6. Agarose gel electrophoresis provided evidence that the resistance traits were cotransferred on a conjugative plasmid. The significance and importance of these results are discussed.
The 106‐Kilobase Plasmid of Salmonella braenderup and the 100‐Kilobase Plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium Are Not Necessary for the Pathogenicity in Experimental Models
Authors: Horiuchi Sankichi , Goto Nobuichi , Inagaki Yoshio , Nakaya Rintaro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAmong 1,041 clinical isolates (77 serovars) of Salmonella which had been derived from cases with acute enterocolitis, 601 (58%) contained one or more plasmids. Large serovar‐specific plasmids were seen in 95 of 307 isolates (31%) of Salmonella typhimurium, in 34 of 34 isolates (100%) of Salmonella enteritidis and in 36 of 38 isolates (94.7%) of Salmonella braenderup: the sizes of which were 100, 60 and 106 kilobases (kb), respectively. In order to determine the role of these plasmids in pathogenicity for enterocolitis, the plasmids were eliminated from some strains of S. braenderup and S. typhimurium and the pathogenicity of the plasmid‐less strains was compared with that of the parent strains by invasiveness to HeLa cells, fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop, lesion of mucosal tissue and the Sereny test. The virulence of all the plasmid‐less strains was as strong as that of the plasmid‐bearing strains in these pathogenicity assay systems. We therefore concluded that the 106‐kb plasmid of S. braenderup and the 100‐kb plasmid of S. typhimurium are not necessary for their pathogenicity in the experimental models: invasiveness to HeLa cells, fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop, and Sereny test.
Comparison of Protective Effects with Tetra‐Valent Glycolipid Antigens and Whole Cell‐Inactivated Vaccine in Experimental Infection of Leptospira
Authors: Masuzawa Toshiyuki , Suzuki Ryoma , Yanagihara Yasutake 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe protective antigens (PAgs), glycolipid substance, were extracted from Leptospira interrogans serovars autumnalis, hebdomadis, australis and copenhageni, which were considered as main causal serovars of human leptospirosis in Japan, with chloroform‐methanol‐water (1:2:0.8, [vol/vol/vol]) solution. The tetra‐valent formalin‐inactivated leptospiral vaccine (Weil's disease and Akiyami combined vaccine) composed of the four serovars mentioned are used as vaccine to protect human from leptospiral infection in Japan. The protective effect, agglutinating antibody‐inducing activity and opsonin‐inducing activity of tetra‐valent PAgs were compared with those of vaccines now in use, which were supplied by two companies, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., and Denka‐Seiken Co., in Japan. The tetra‐valent PAgs which contained 10 μg of each PAg protected hamsters and cyclophosphamide‐treated mice from lethal infection of serovar copenhageni and induced agglutinating antibodies against the four serovars in the same degrees as vaccines. These results suggested that the tetra‐valent PAgs might be useful as a component vaccine against leptospiral infection instead of formalized whole cells vaccines for human.