bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevation as a barrier: genetic structure for an Atlantic rain forest tree (Bathysa australis) in the Serra do Mar mountain range, SE Brazil
Authors: Reis Talita Soares , Ciampi‐Guillardi Maísa , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , de Souza Anete Pereira , dos Santos Flavio Antonio Maës 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDistance and discrete geographic barriers play a role in isolating populations, as seed and pollen dispersal become limited. Nearby populations without any geographic barrier between them may also suffer from ecological isolation driven by habitat heterogeneity, which may promote divergence by local adaptation and drift. Likewise, elevation gradients may influence the genetic structure and diversity of populations, particularly those marginally distributed. Bathysa australis (Rubiaceae) is a widespread tree along the elevation gradient of the Serra do Mar, SE Brazil. This self‐compatible species is pollinated by bees and wasps and has autochoric seeds, suggesting restricted gene dispersal. We investigated the distribution of genetic diversity in six B. australis populations at two extreme sites along an elevation gradient: a lowland site (80–216 m) and an upland site (1010–1100 m.a.s.l.). Nine microsatellite loci were used to test for genetic structure and to verify differences in genetic diversity between sites. We found a marked genetic structure on a scale as small as 6 km (FST = 0.21), and two distinct clusters were identified, each corresponding to a site. Although B. australis is continuously distributed along the elevation gradient, we have not observed a gene flow between the extreme populations. This might be related to B. australis biological features and creates a potential scenario for adaptation to the different conditions imposed by the elevation gradient. We failed to find an isolation‐by‐distance pattern; although on the fine scale, all populations showed spatial autocorrelation until ~10‐20 m. Elevation difference was a relevant factor though, but we need further sampling effort to check its correlation with genetic distance. The lowland populations had a higher allelic richness and showed higher rare allele counts than the upland ones. The upland site may be more selective, eliminating rare alleles, as we did not find any evidence for bottleneck.
An Iron‐Based Photosensitizer with Extended Excited‐State Lifetime: Photophysical and Photovoltaic Properties
Authors: Duchanois Thibaut , Etienne Thibaud , Cebrián Cristina , Liu Li , Monari Antonio , Beley Marc , Assfeld Xavier , Haacke Stefan , Gros Philippe C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHerein, we report a homoleptic iron complex bearing tridentate bis‐carbene (CNC) ligands designed for sensitization of TiO2 photoanodes. Its excited state has been characterized by ultra‐fast transient spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) computations, which reveal a record triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (3MLCT) excited‐state lifetime (16 ps). The new dye was efficiently chemisorbed on TiO2 and promoted electron injection and photocurrent generation in a dye‐sensitized solar cell upon solar irradiation.
Hg5AsS2I3 – A Narrow‐Band‐Gap 2D Layered Compound with Different Trapped I– Anions
Authors: Liu Yong , Zeng Hui‐Yi , Liu Bin‐Wen , Wang Geng‐E , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new layered compound, Hg5AsS2I3, has been synthesized in the quaternary system mercury/arsenic/chalcogen/halogen by a moderate‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The compound crystallizes in the space group C2/c of the monoclinic system, and its structure consists of ∞1[Hg(1)2Hg(2)2As2/2S2] eight‐membered‐ring chains bridged by Hg atoms to form [Hg(1)2Hg(2)2Hg(3)As2/2S2] layers with inner‐ and interlayer electrostatic interactions between I and Hg. The optical properties were investigated by means of diffuse reflectance and FTIR spectra. The electronic band structures, along with density of states (DOS) calculations by DFT, indicate that the title compound is a semiconductor, and its optical absorption mainly leads to charge transitions from I‐5p, As‐4p and S‐3p states to Hg‐6s states, and both I(1) and I(2) atoms contribute to the top of the valence bands.
Effects of diet supplementation with chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil and natural antioxidant extract on the omega‐3 content and antioxidant capacity of Nile tilapia fillets
Authors: Montanher Paula Fernandes , Costa e Silva Beatriz , Bonafé Elton Guntendorfer , Carbonera Fabiana , dos Santos Hevelyse Munise Celestino , de Lima Figueiredo Ingrid , Maruyama Swami Arêa , Matsushita Makoto , Visentainer Jesuí Vergílio 
Published: April 2015

In this study, the effect of adding chia oil and avocado extract to the diet of Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated after 0, 15, 30 and 45 treatment days. The inclusion of chia oil and avocado extract aims to nutritional enrichment of fish fillet by the use of a new lipid source and a by‐product of low cost and high antioxidant capacity. Thus, experimental diets were formulated by the addition of 0.14% of ethanolic extract of avocado peel (Treatment I), 1.90% of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) oil (Treatment II) or both (0.14 and 1.90%, respectively) for Treatment III. There was an increase in the total omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid content of fish muscle tissue (29.01–78.81 mg g−1 TL) due to Treatment II (TII). Among n‐3 fatty acids, the amount of alpha‐linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n‐3) increased sixfold after 45 days of feeding with the TII diet. The largest increases in antioxidant capacity were observed in the lipophilic fraction (L‐ORAC(FL)), from 3.40 to 19.50 μmol of ET g−1 from fish treated with chia oil (TII), while differences between treatments and periods were not detected in the hydrophilic fractions (H‐ORAC(FL)), indicating that excessive amounts of antioxidant compounds are simply excreted by the animals. Thus, chia oil contributed to an enhancement in the nutritional quality of Nile tilapia, both in terms of fatty acid content and total antioxidant capacity.Practical applications: Multiple recent studies have emphasised the benefits to human health of including omega‐3 fatty acids and antioxidants in the diet. For this reason, the inclusion of chia (S. hispanica L.) oil and avocado (peel) residue was proposed in order to increase the amount of omega‐3 fatty acids in tilapia fillets and to improve muscle tissue antioxidant capacity. It is notable that these parameters increased significantly, especially the quantity of omega‐3 fatty acids, after a 45‐day trial, providing a differentiated product with a high nutritional quality.From the addition of chia seed oil in rations, it was observed a significant increase of alpha‐linolenic content in tilapia fillets. The effects of supplemented feeding were more pronounced until 30 days. For antioxidant compound analysis, in most of the cases, better results were observed from L‐ORAC(FL) assay. Thus, the fish which received rations supplemented with chia seed oil showed a superior nutritional quality, especially in terms of fatty acid composition.
Bypassing the Δ6‐desaturase enzyme and directly providing n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA pathway intermediates reduces the survival of two human breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Yu Howe‐Ming , Newell Marnie , Subedi Kalpana , Weselake Randall J. , Mazurak Vera , Field Catherine J. 
Published: April 2015

The n‐3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid, and in some studies, the n‐6 long chain PUFA arachidonic acid (AA), inhibit survival of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Less is known about the intermediates synthesized from the dietary 18 carbon fatty acids. The objective of this study was to determine the survival and phospholipid (PL) fatty acid composition of tumorigenic (MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7) and non‐tumorigenic (MCF‐12A) breast cells treated with intermediates in the n‐3 and n‐6 pathway. N‐3 intermediates, stearidonic acid (SDA) and eicosatetraenoic acid (ETA), and n‐6 intermediates, γ‐linolenic acid (GLA) and dihomo γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA), reduced (P < 0.05) the growth of tumorigenic but not MCF‐12A cells. All treatments resulted in a higher PUFA and saturated content and a lower monounsaturated content in tumorigenic cells (P < 0.05). For MDA‐MB‐231 PL, treatment with SDA and ETA increased ETA, EPA, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and lowered AA, while treatment with GLA and DGLA primarily increased DGLA with only a small decrease in the DPA and DHA (P < 0.05). For MCF‐7 PL, due to low desaturase activity, the n‐3 intermediates increased ETA and the n‐6 increased DGLA (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the less studied n‐6 (GLA and DGLA) and n‐3 (SDA and ETA) fatty acids could serve as alternative dietary sources of bioactive lipids targeted at breast cancer.Practical applications: There is a growing body of literature suggesting that consumption of EPA and DHA can prevent and extend the life of the millions of women affected with breast cancer. This research explored the effect of treatment with fatty acid intermediates on the lipid composition and survival of human breast cancer cell lines. These intermediates bypass the rate limiting enzymes involved in desaturation of the dietary essential fatty acids. We provide evidence in vitro in two well‐established human breast cancer cell lines that providing intermediates in the n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA pathways reduce the survival of tumor cells. The resulting fatty acid composition of tumor phospholipids suggests that the mechanism of these fatty acids is unlikely due to increasing the content of the 20 and 22 carbon PUFA in the membrane. As few dietary sources of these intermediates exist, this study provides a rational to explore the development of novel animal and plant sources for their anti‐cancer activity. Further work is needed in animal models using patient derived xenographs to confirm that these changes occur in vivo.Providing MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and MCF‐12A cells with n‐3 and n‐6 pathway intermediates after the Δ6 desaturase reduced growth of the two tumor cell lines and resulted in elongation of the intermediate fatty acids. Δ5 de‐saturation of fatty acids occurred in the n‐3 pathway.
Sodium chloride compared to talc as processing aid has similar impact on volatile compounds but more favorable on ortho‐diphenols in virgin olive oil
Authors: Koprivnjak Olivera , Brkić Bubola Karolina , Kosić Urška 
Published: April 2015

The possibility of improvement of olive paste extractability by addition of talc or NaCl (1, 2, and 3% mass ratio in olive paste), or their combinations (“talc 1.5% + NaCl 1.5%”; “talc 1% + NaCl 2%”; “talc 2% + NaCl 1%”), was investigated on a laboratory scale. Volatiles in oil samples were determined by headspace solid‐phase micro‐extraction with GC‐MS, while ortho‐diphenols were assessed by solid phase extraction and UV‐VIS spectrophotometer. Significantly higher extractability of oil (from 25 to 29% compared to control, p < 0.05) was obtained by 3% of talc or NaCl and their combinations in mass ratio 1:2 or 2:1. At 3% addition level, no significant decrease of C6 aldehydes was observed, while significant increase of C6 alcohols (talc or salt) as well as of C5 compounds and terpenes (salt) occurred. Mass ratio of ortho‐diphenols in oil was not influenced by talc, while NaCl led to significantly higher values compared to control (by 10–15%, p < 0.05).Practical applications: The influence of processing aids on characteristics of virgin olive oil has mainly been evaluated through the standard chemical quality parameters, while limited information about desirable volatile compounds of thus obtained extra virgin olive oils has been published so far. The results of this research show that NaCl can be used not only as a tool for enhancing the extractability, but also as a means for improving the nutritional value of virgin olive oils from cultivars which generally show low levels of hydrophilic phenols.The efficiency of talc and NaCl (processing aids acting on the basis of physical principles) in improvement of so‐called difficult olive paste extractability is similar, but the advantages of NaCl are less pronounced changes of compounds responsible for fruity aroma, as well as increase of ortho‐diphenols, compounds known for their antioxidant activity and health‐promoting properties.
A Dinuclear (bpy)PtII‐Decorated Crownophane
Authors: Stengel Ilona , Götz Günther , Weil Matthias , Bäuerle Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFunctionalized [13.3.3](1,2,4)crownophane 1 was designed and synthesized with the intention to switch the distance between PtII centers by external stimuli when incorporated as a backbone into the ligand of a dinuclear PtII complex. Two benzene rings linked by two propylene bridges build up the cyclophane scaffold of 1. An additional crown ether bridge introduces the feature of varying the opening angle of the cyclophane triggered by cation complexation. The structure and breathing function of crownophane 1 were studied, and it was utilized as backbone ligand in dinuclear PtII complex 2.
Umpolung Pd‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis: Syntheses of (+)‐Xestodecalactone A, (–)‐Curvularin, (+)‐12‐Oxocurvularin and (–)‐Citreofuran
Authors: De Joarder Dripta , Jennings Michael P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe syntheses (total and formal) of four phenylacetic acid lactone (PAL) natural products have been accomplished by utilizing a unified strategy of an umpolung Pd‐catalyzed α‐arylation of complex α‐bromo esters and boronic acids under mild reaction conditions. As part of the synthetic approaches to these natural products, it was observed that the mild coupling reaction conditions readily tolerated terminal alkenes, other labile ester functionalities, an α,β‐unsaturated ester moiety, and a protected allylic alcohol, while chemoselectively engaging the α‐bromo ester. The completion of (+)‐xestodecalactone A and (–)‐curvularin coupled with the formal syntheses of (+)‐12‐oxocurvularin and (–)‐citreofuran highlight the umpolung Pd‐catalyzed α‐arylation strategy as a key convergent tactic in complex natural product synthesis.
Characterization of Iranian Obsidian Artifacts by PIXE and Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Agha‐Aligol Davoud , Lamehi‐Rachti Mohammad , Oliaiy Parvin , Shokouhi Farah , Farahani Mohammad Farmahini , Moradi Mahmoud , Jalali Fatemeh Farshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIt had long been thought that obsidian found in Iranian sites originated from Anatolia and Armenia, but new research has challenged this assumption. In this study, 68 samples of obsidian obtained from an archaeological survey of Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz were analyzed by Proton Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE). Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz is a tell site west of the city of Aslanduz in the Parsabad county of the Ardebil province in northern Iran. The site was inhabited from the first millennium B.C. to A.D. 17, and its history may extend back to the third or fourth millennium B.C. Our chemical composition results have been combined with obsidian composition data from Turkey and Armenia and subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This analysis shows that obsidian from each location can be grouped into distinctive classes—the obsidian from Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz is therefore probably derived from volcanic outcrops of the Sahand and Sabalan region. This study has been unable to assign a known source from Anatolia and Armenia for the obsidian of Nader‐Tepe Aslanduz.
Sulfate Chemistry for High‐Voltage Insertion Materials: Synthetic, Structural and Electrochemical Insights
Authors: Barpanda Prabeer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRechargeable batteries based on Li and Na ions have been growing leaps and bounds since their inception in the 1970s. They enjoy significant attention from both the fundamental science point of view and practical applications ranging from portable electronics to hybrid vehicles and grid storage. The steady demand for building better batteries calls for discovery, optimisation and implementation of novel positive insertion (cathode) materials. In this quest, chemists have tried to unravel many future cathode materials by taking into consideration their eco‐friendly synthesis, material/process economy, high energy density, safety, easy handling and sustainability. Interestingly, sulfate‐based cathodes offer a good combination of sustainable syntheses and high energy density owing to their high‐voltage operation, stemming from electronegative SO42− units. This review delivers a sneak peak at the recent advances in the discovery and development of sulfate‐containing cathode materials by focusing on their synthesis, crystal structure and electrochemical performance. Several family of cathodes are independently discussed. They are 1) fluorosulfates [AMSO4F], 2) bihydrated fluorosulfates [AMSO4F ⋅ 2H2O], 3) hydroxysulfate [AMSO4OH], 4) bisulfates [A2M(SO4)2], 5) hydrated bisulfates [A2M(SO4)2 ⋅ nH2O], 6) oxysulfates [Fe2(SO4)2O] and 7) polysulfates [A2M2(SO4)3]. A comparative study of these sulfate‐based cathodes has been provided to offer an outlook on the future development of high‐voltage polyanionic cathode materials for next‐generation batteries.
Fractional Integration and Asymmetric Volatility in European, American and Asian Bull and Bear Markets: Application to High‐frequency Stock Data
Authors: Yaya Ola Oluwa S. , Gil‐Alana Luis A. , Shittu Olanrewaju I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper is a follow‐up to another paper by the same authors. In that paper, fractional integration and symmetric volatility modelling were considered on monthly frequency data, while the present paper considers high‐frequency data on an asymmetric volatility model. The data were first identified within the respective bull and bear phases following earlier results in the previous paper. Then, fractional integration and the asymmetric volatility model of Glosten, Jaganathan and Runkle were applied on the stock returns. Long‐range dependence was detected in the squared stock returns at each market phase, and they were more persistent than those obtained in the monthly frequency data. The estimates of asymmetry of the Glosten, Jaganathan and Runkle model actually detected the different patterns of the bad news (bear phases) and the good news (bull phases). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relations Among Suicidality, Recent/Frequent Alcohol Use, and Gender in a Black American Adolescent Sample: A Longitudinal Investigation
Authors: Tomek Sara , Hooper Lisa M. , Church Wesley T. , Bolland Kathleen A. , Bolland John M. , Wilcox Katherine 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveExamine longitudinally select factors that may contribute to suicide ideations and attempts in adolescents.MethodUsing a multiple cohort research design, surveys were administered to a longitudinal sample of Black American adolescents aged 11–18 years.ResultsTwo logistic growth models were tested with the probability of a suicide ideation (n = 977) and identified suicide attempt (n = 457) as the outcome variables and the recency and frequency of alcohol use and gender as the predictor variables. The recency and frequency of alcohol use was significantly related to suicide ideations and identified attempts in both females and males. These findings were differentiated based on the age effects for recency and frequency of alcohol use. More recent and frequent alcohol use among younger adolescents exacerbated probabilities of suicide ideations and identified suicide attempts compared to older adolescents.ConclusionResults indicate that early systematic assessment of suicidal behavior and alcohol use in Black American adolescents can inform developmentally and culturally responsive prevention and intervention efforts.
Polyphenol‐rich grape pomace extracts protect against dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis in rats
Authors: Boussenna Ahlem , Cholet Juliette , Goncalves‐Mendes Nicolas , Joubert‐Zakeyh Juliette , Fraisse Didier , Vasson Marie‐Paule , Texier Odile , Felgines Catherine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeveral studies have reported that polyphenols may exert beneficial effects on inflammatory bowel disease. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of preventive consumption of polyphenol‐rich red grape pomace extracts (GPEs) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in rats. Rats were fed for 21 days with a semi‐synthetic diet enriched with a GPE (Alicante‐S, Alicante‐P or Pinot‐S) and colitis was induced by DSS administration in drinking water (40 g L−1) during the last 7 days of experimentation.RESULTSGPEs attenuated clinical signs and colon shortening and Alicante GPEs limited histological lesions induced by DSS. GPEs curbed the increase in myeloperoxidase activity and modulated antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, GPEs prevented the DSS‐induced increase in pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels and the up‐regulation of various genes implicated in colitis such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9).CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that polyphenol‐rich red GPEs could provide prevention against colon inflammation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Esophageal anastomotic leak does not affect ability to receive adjuvant treatment
Authors: Martin Robert C.G. , Farmer Russell W. , Hill R. Charles St. , McMasters Kelly M. , Scoggins Charles R. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundEsophageal anastomotic leak is associated with high morbidity and mortality and potentially lethal if not recognized promptly and treated aggressively. While many studies have attempted to delineate the surgical techniques associated with lower rates of anastomotic leak, few have attempted to determine its long term effects on adjuvant therapy and patient quality of life.MethodsWe reviewed our prospective 350 patient esophageal‐gastric database and found 194 esophageal anastomoses performed from 1994 to 2013. Leaks were classified based on timing, severity, and location. We then compared their postoperative courses of adjuvant treatment, morbidity/mortality, and quality of life measured by Karnofsky performance status and EORTC score. Statistical correlations were calculated with χ2, T‐test, Kaplain–Meier, ANOVA, and Cox Regression analyses as appropriate.ResultsOf 194 patients receiving esophageal anastomoses for cancer, 35 (18%) developed clinically diagnosed anastomotic leak 27 from esophagogastric and 8 from esophagojejunal. These groups were similar in preoperative history, preoperative staging, and type of tumor. Type of operation and variations in operative technique did not significantly affect leak rate. Patients with a leak were more likely to require intraoperative transfusion (47.1% vs. 24.1%, P = 0.013). As expected, they had a greater prevalence of perioperative complications to include pneumonia (38.6% vs. 16.3%, P = 0.001), pulmonary embolus (11.3% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.043), ileus (11.4% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.006%), empyema (11.4% vs. 0%, P > 0.001), and catheter related blood stream infections (8.6% vs. 0%, P = 0.001). Despite this increase in perioperative morbidity, there was no statistically significant difference in 90 day peri‐operative mortality (2.8% vs. 2.3%) with similar ability to receive adjuvant therapy (38.6% vs. 48.0%, P = 0.303), quality of life scores (93.2 vs. 93.1, P = 0.9), and survival at 12 months (93% vs. 94%, P = 0.3).ConclusionAnastomotic leak after oncologic resection does not preclude adjuvant therapy and, when managed appropriately, does not affect long term performance status or survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:855–861. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.