bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High risk human papillomavirus and Epstein Barr virus in human breast milk
Authors: Glenn Wendy K , Whitaker Noel J , Lawson James S 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Multiple viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and mouse mammary tumour virus have been identified in human milk. High risk human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences have been identified in breast cancer. The aim of this study is to determine if viral sequences are present in human milk from normal lactating women.

Findings
Standard (liquid) and in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were used to identify HPV and EBV in human milk samples from normal lactating Australian women who had no history of breast cancer.
High risk human papillomavirus was identified in milk samples of 6 of 40 (15%) from normal lactating women - sequencing on four samples showed three were HPV 16 and one was HPV 18. Epstein Barr virus was identified in fourteen samples (33%).

Conclusion
The presence of high risk HPV and EBV in human milk suggests the possibility of milk transmission of these viruses. However, given the rarity of viral associated malignancies in young people, it is possible but unlikely, that such transmission is associated with breast or other cancers.
The relationship between ventricular dilatation, neuropathological and neurobehavioural changes in hydrocephalic rats
Authors: Olopade Funmilayo Eniola , Shokunbi Matthew Temitayo , Sirén Anna-Leena 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
The motor and cognitive deficits observed in hydrocephalus are thought to be due to axonal damage within the periventricular white matter. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between ventricular size, cellular changes in brain, and neurobehavioural deficits in rats with experimental hydrocephalus.

Methods
Hydrocephalus was induced in three-week old rats by intracisternal injection of kaolin. Behavioural and motor function were tested four weeks after hydrocephalus induction and correlated to ventricular enlargement which was classified into mild, moderate or severe. Gross brain morphology, routine histology and immunohistochemistry for oligodendrocytes (CNPase), microglia (Iba-1) and astrocytes (GFAP) were performed to assess the cellular changes.

Results
Decreases in open field activity and forelimb grip strength in hydrocephalus correlated with the degree of ventriculomegaly. Learning in Morris water maze was significantly impaired in hydrocephalic rats. Gradual stretching of the ependymal layer, thinning of the corpus callosum, extracellular oedema and reduced cortical thickness were observed as the degree of ventriculomegaly increased. A gradual loss of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex was most marked in the severely-hydrocephalic brains, whereas the widespread astrogliosis especially in the subependymal layer was most marked in the brains with mild hydrocephalus. Retraction of microglial processes and increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the white matter was associated ventriculomegaly.

Conclusions
In hydrocephalic rats, oligodendrocyte loss, microglia activation, astrogliosis in cortical areas and thinning of the corpus callosum were associated with ventriculomegaly. The degree of ventriculomegaly correlated with motor and cognitive deficits.
Abundance, species composition of microzooplankton from the coastal waters of Port Blair, South Andaman Island
Authors: Sai Elangovan S , Arun Kumar M , Karthik R , Siva Sankar R , Jayabarathi R , Padmavati G 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Microzooplankton consisting of protists and metazoa <200 μm. It displays unique feeding mechanisms and behaviours that allow them to graze cells up to five times their own volume. They can grow at rates which equal or exceed prey growth and can serve as a viable food source for metazoans. Moreover, they are individually inconspicuous, their recognition as significant consumers of oceanic primary production. The microzooplankton can be the dominant consumers of phytoplankton production in both oligo- and eutrophic regions of the ocean and are capable of consuming >100% of primary production.

Results
The microzooplankton of the South Andaman Sea were investigated during September 2011 to January 2012. A total of 44 species belong to 19 genera were recorded in this study. Tintinnids made larger contribution to the total abundance (34%) followed in order by dinoflagellates (24%), ciliates (20%) and copepod nauplii (18%). Foraminifera were numerically less (4%). Tintinnids were represented by 20 species belong to 13 genera, Heterotrophic dinoflagellates were represented by 17 species belong to 3 genera and Ciliates comprised 5 species belong to 3 genera. Eutintinus tineus, Tintinnopsis cylindrical, T. incertum, Protoperidinium divergens, Lomaniella oviformes, Strombidium minimum were the most prevalent microzooplankton. Standing stock of tintinnids ranged from 30–80 cells.L-1 and showed a reverse distribution with the distribution of chlorophyll a relatively higher species diversity and equitability was found in polluted harbour areas.

Conclusions
The change of environmental variability affects the species composition and abundance of microzooplankton varied spatially and temporarily. The observations clearly demonstrated that the harbor area differed considerably from other area in terms of species present and phytoplankton biomass. Further, the phytoplankton abundance is showed to be strongly influenced by tintinnid with respect to the relationship of prey–predator. Consequently, further investigation on microzooplankton grazing would shed light on food web dynamics.
Urinary proteomic shotgun approach for identification of potential acute rejection biomarkers in renal transplant recipients
Authors: Loftheim Håvard , Midtvedt Karsten , Hartmann Anders , Reisæter Anna V , Falck Pål , Holdaas Hallvard , Jenssen Trond , Reubsaet Leon , Åsberg Anders 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundAcute rejection (AR) episodes in renal transplant recipients are suspected when plasma creatinine is elevated and other potential causes out ruled. Graft biopsies are however needed for definite diagnosis. Non-invasive AR-biomarkers is an unmet clinical need. The urinary proteome is an interesting source in the search for such a biomarker in this population.MethodsIn this proof of principle study, serial urine samples in the early post transplant phase from 6 patients with biopsy verified acute rejections and 6 age-matched controls without clinical signs of rejection were analyzed by shotgun proteomics.ResultsEleven proteins fulfilled predefined criteria for regulation in association with AR. They presented detectable regulation already several days before clinical suspicion of AR (increased plasma creatinine). The regulated proteins could be grouped by their biological function; proteins related to growth and proteins related to immune response. Growth-related proteins (IGFBP7, Vasorin, EGF and Galectin-3-binding protein) were significantly up-regulated in association with AR (P = 0.03) while proteins related to immune response (MASP2, C3, CD59, Ceruloplasmin, PiGR and CD74) tended to be up-regulated (P = 0.13).ConclusionThe use of shotgun proteomics provides a robust and sensitive method for identification of potentially predictive urinary biomarkers of AR. Further validation of the current findings is needed to establish their potential clinical role with regards to clinical AR diagnosis.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00139009
Impact of distance education via mobile phone text messaging on knowledge, attitude, practice and self efficacy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iran
Authors: Goodarzi Mandana , Ebrahimzadeh Issa , Rabi Alireza , Saedipoor Bahman , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the impacts of using SMS on improving laboratory test levels and Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) and Self Efficacy (SE) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in Iran.

Materials and methods
In this randomized controlled trial study, a total of 81 type 2 diabetes patients were randomly assigned into two groups exp. group (n = 43) and cont. group (n = 38). Only exp. group received 4 messages weekly consisted of diet, exercise, medication taking and. The researchers provided the intervention for 12 weeks. Data were collected with results of laboratory tests and KAP, SE reliable and valid questionnaires and demographic characteristics list. Data gathering at the baseline of the study and after 3 months intervention and was analyzed by SPSS11.5 software using descriptive and inferential statistics methods.

Results
The results of this study showed that exp. group compared with cont. group improved significantly in HbA1C (p = 0.024), LDL (p = 0.019), cholesterol (p = 0.002), BUN (p ≤ 0.001), micro albumin (p ≤ 0.001), knowledge (p ≤ 0.001), practice (p ≤ 0.001) and self efficacy (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion
The finding of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of intervention using SMS via mobile phone in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Thus, further studies are recommended for wide usage of distance education with mobile phone utilization.
Lhx1 in the proximal region of the optic vesicle permits neural retina development in the chicken
Authors: Kawaue Takumi , Okamoto Mayumi , Matsuyo Akane , Inoue Junji , Ueda Yuhki , Tomonari Sayuri , Noji Sumihare , Ohuchi Hideyo 
Published: September 2012

Summary
How the eye forms has been one of the fundamental issues in developmental biology. The retinal anlage first appears as the optic vesicle (OV) evaginating from the forebrain. Subsequently, its distal portion invaginates to form the two-walled optic cup, which develops into the outer pigmented and inner neurosensory layers of the retina. Recent work has shown that this optic-cup morphogenesis proceeds as a self-organizing activity without any extrinsic molecules. However, intrinsic factors that regulate this process have not been elucidated. Here we show that a LIM-homeobox gene, Lhx1, normally expressed in the proximal region of the nascent OV, induces a second neurosensory retina formation from the outer pigmented retina when overexpressed in the chicken OV. Lhx2, another LIM-homeobox gene supposed to be involved in early OV formation, could not substitute this function of Lhx1, while Lhx5, closely related to Lhx1, could replace it. Conversely, knockdown of Lhx1 expression by RNA interference resulted in the formation of a small or pigmented vesicle. These results suggest that the proximal region demarcated by Lhx1 expression permits OV development, eventually dividing the two retinal domains.
Adhesive and mechanical regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation in human bone marrow and periosteum-derived progenitor cells
Authors: Eyckmans Jeroen , Lin Grace L. , Chen Christopher S. 
Published: September 2012

Summary
It has previously been demonstrated that cell shape can influence commitment of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMCs) to adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and other lineages. Human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) exhibit multipotency similar to hBMCs, but hPDCs may offer enhanced potential for osteogenesis and chondrogenesis given their apparent endogenous role in bone and cartilage repair in vivo. Here, we examined whether hPDC differentiation is regulated by adhesive and mechanical cues comparable to that reported for hBMC differentiation. When cultured in the appropriate induction media, hPDCs at high cell seeding density demonstrated enhanced levels of adipogenic or chondrogenic markers as compared with hPDCs at low cell seeding density. Cell seeding density correlated inversely with projected area of cell spreading, and directly limiting cell spreading with micropatterned substrates promoted adipogenesis or chondrogenesis while substrates promoting cell spreading supported osteogenesis. Interestingly, cell seeding density influenced differentiation through both changes in cell shape and non-shape-mediated effects: density-dependent adipogenesis and chondrogenesis were regulated primarily by cell shape whereas non-shape effects strongly influenced osteogenic potential. Inhibition of cytoskeletal contractility by adding the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 further enhanced adipogenic differentiation and discouraged osteogenic differentiation of hPDCs. Together, our results suggest that multipotent lineage decisions of hPDCs are impacted by cell adhesive and mechanical cues, though to different extents than hBMCs. Thus, future studies of hPDCs and other primary stem cell populations with clinical potential should consider varying biophysical metrics for more thorough optimization of stem cell differentiation.
Carbon-based Cathode Materials Doped with a New Borazine Compound for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Chang Cha Wen , Nabae Yuta , Kuroki Shigeki , Hayakawa Teruaki , Kakimoto Masa-aki , Miyata Seizo 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A new compound, B,B′,B′′-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N′,N′′-triphenylborazine (BZ) was prepared as a precursor for carbon-based oxygen reduction catalysts. The mixtures of BZ and phenolic resin were pyrolyzed under N2 at 1000 °C for 5 h and resulted in a carbonaceous material with high oxygen and boron contents. The oxygen reduction catalytic activity was much improved by the addition of this precursor. The improved catalytic activity is probably due to the oxygen-containing functionalities that are enriched in the presence of boron species.
Highly Selective and Low-swelling Phosphate-binding Polymer for Hyperphosphatemia Therapy
Authors: Inoue Atsushi , Minakami Satoshi , Kanno Takami , Suyama Kazuharu 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A crosslinked poly(allylamine) was prepared by copolymerization of allylammonium dihydrogen phosphate with N,N′-diallyl-1,3-diaminopropane bis(dihydrogen phosphate). This polymer has both a high phosphate adsorption capacity and a low degree of swelling. Thus, the polymer should be useful as a therapeutic agent for hyperphosphatemia, and compared with sevelamer hydrochloride, should have fewer side effects such as constipation.
Facile Synthesis of Quinone Dimer Derivatives Substituted with Sulfanyl Groups and Their Properties
Authors: Kamimura Akio , Nokubi Tomomi , Nasu Kotaro , Takechi Yasuko , Ishihara Yuriko , Kato Kazunari , Noguchi Saori , Watanabe Masanori , Shirai Masashi , Sumimoto Michinori , Uno Hidemitsu 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Quinone dimers are readily prepared quantitatively from 2-sulfanyl-1,4-dimethoxybenzene by oxidative treatment. The oxidative coupling progressed in a highly regioselective manner. Removal of O-protection and subsequent oxidation gave 5,5′-bis(sulfanylquinone) dimer in good yields. Physical properties of the dimer derivatives are also investigated.
Breath Figure of Water and Ethanol on Contaminated Solid Surfaces
Authors: Nonomura Yoshimune , Tanaka Tomoya 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We observed the condensation of water and ethanol on a hydrophobic polymer film coated with fluorinated silicone particles and identified five states: the circular droplet, ellipsoidal droplet, network, huge droplet, and film states. The shape of the condensed droplets changed with the particle density and the wettability of the particles by the liquid.
Pesticide Formulation and Delivery Systems: 32nd Volume, Innovating Legacy Products for New Uses
Authors: Bernards Mark L. 
Published: September 2012

Description
This new ASTM publication presents 15 peer-reviewed papers written by experts in the agrochemical industry, academia, and government research and regulatory agencies.
Topics cover innovations on legacy products, new test methods, updates on regulations and product terminology, advances in drift reduction technologies, new developments in formulation technology for pesticide active ingredients and tank-mix adjuvants, and the biological effect of different formulation, adjuvant and application technologies.
Four sections address
Private and Public Relative Performance Information under Different Compensation Contracts
Authors: Tafkov Ivo D. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT:
This study investigates the conditions under which providing relative performance information to employees has a positive effect on performance when compensation is not tied to peer performance. Specifically, I investigate, via an experiment, the effect of relative performance information (present or absent) on performance under two compensation contracts (flat-wage or individual performance-based). Given the presence of relative performance information, I examine the effect of the type of relative performance information (private or public) on performance. Using theory from psychology, I predict and find that relative performance information positively affects performance under the two compensation contracts and that this positive effect is greater under an individual performance-based contract than under a flat-wage contract. I also predict and find that, although both public and private relative performance information have a positive effect on performance, the effect is greater when relative performance information is public.
Data Availability: Data are available from the author on request.
Notes on tiled incompressible tori
Authors: Plachta Leonid 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Let Θ denote the class of essential tori in a closed braid complement which admit a standard tiling in the sense of Birman and Menasco [Birman J.S., Menasco W.W., Special positions for essential tori in link complements, Topology, 1994, 33(3), 525–556]. Moreover, let R denote the class of thin tiled tori in the sense of Ng [Ng K.Y., Essential tori in link complements, J. Knot Theory Ramifications, 1998, 7(2), 205–216]. We define the subclass B ⊂ Θ of typical tiled tori and show that R ⊂ B. We also describe a method allowing to construct new examples of tiled essential tori T which are outside the class B in the strong sense.
In [Kazantsev A., Essential tori in link complements: detecting the satellite structure by monotonic simplification, preprint available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1005.5263], Kazantsev showed that the inclusion R ⊂ Θ is proper by giving the corresponding example of a nonthin tiled torus T. It turns out this torus T is inside the class B. We show that the inclusion B ⊂ Θ is proper. It follows that the tori from the class B do not provide the complete geometric description of the class Θ. The main results of the paper are Theorems 2.1 and 2.2 which give a constructive procedure for obtaining examples of nontypical tiled essential tori.
System size dependence of the non-monotonous pion freeze-out volume excitation function
Authors: Li Qingfeng , Shen Caiwan , Bleicher Marcus 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Hanburry-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlation functions and radii of negatively charged pions from C+C, Si+Si, Cu+Cu, and In+In at lower RHIC/SPS energies are calculated with the UrQMD transport model and the CRAB analyzing program. We find a minimum in the excitation function of the pion freeze-out volume at low transverse momenta and around E
lab ∼ 20–30AGeV which can be related to the change from initial string emission to bulk emission from the created resonance matter. For small systems, we predict a local minimum in the excitation function of the HBT (freeze-out) volume which is explained by the competition of two mechanisms of the particle production, namely resonance decays and string formation/fragmentation.
The role of selected risk factors for development of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Kollárová Helena , Azeem Kateřina , Magnusková Silvie , Tomášková Hana , Ševčíková Jarmila , Horáková Dagmar , Kamarád Vojtěch , Janout Vladimír 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A hospital-based analytical observational case-control study of 88 oesophageal cancer cases and 200 controls was conducted in the University Hospital Olomouc. A standardized questionnaire was used. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) are calculated by logistic regression. The adjusted odds ratios for tobacco smoking were 6.20 (95% CI 2.78–13.83), 10.64 (95% CI 3.46–32.72) and 3.53 (95% CI 1.26–9.88) for oesophageal cancer, for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, respectively. An inverse association with overweight and obesity was found in both histological types. In adenocarcinoma, there was a relatively strong positive association with a statistically significant result for alcohol consumption only in a group consuming more than 300 g of alcohol weekly; the OR was 5.81 (95% CI 1.17–28.84). The strong, statistically significant association was found in alcohol consumption regardless of histological type: the OR was 4.41 (95% CI 1.09–17.84). In a group with 20 or more X-ray exposures, there was a very strong statistically significant positive association. In vegetable consumption, an inverse association was found that was statistically significant only if more than 8 portions of vegetables were eaten weekly, ORs were 0.02–0.11.
New evidence for vascular interactions between aldosterone, angiotensin II and antioxidants in isolated smooth muscle cells of rats
Authors: Popescu Raducu , Bild Walther , Ciobica Alin , Bild Veronica 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the nongenomic cardiovascular actions of aldosterone are produced by varied cellular pathways and mediated by a multitude of messenger systems including the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Considering the involvement of the oxidative and nitrosative stress in the pathways leading to the activation of the angiotensin — aldosterone system, in the current study we tried to evaluate the functional interactions between aldosterone, angiotensin II and antioxidants in isolated vascular smooth muscle of aortic rings from rats. Our data provide additional arguments that the nongenomic actions of aldosterone on aortic smooth muscle cells of rats are a question of cross-talk and balance between its rapid vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effects, as result of the activation of reactive oxygen species in the first case and of nitrogen species in the second. In this way, it seems that at low ambient oxidative stress, aldosterone promotes nitric oxide (NO) production and vasodilatation, while in situations with increased oxidative stress the endothelial dysfunction and detrimental effects induced by vasoconstriction will prevail. Thus, aldosterone could be considered both “friend and foe”. This could be relevant for the ways in which aldosterone damages cardiovascular functions and could lead to significant therapeutic improvements.
The human telomerase catalytic subunit and viral telomerase RNA reconstitute a functional telomerase complex in a cell-free system, but not in human cells
Authors: Trapp-Fragnet Laetitia , Marie-Egyptienne Delphine , Fakhoury Johans , Rasschaert Denis , Autexier Chantal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe minimal vertebrate telomerase enzyme is composed of a protein component (telomerase reverse transcriptase, TERT) and an RNA component (telomerase RNA, TR). Expression of these two subunits is sufficient to reconstitute telomerase activity in vitro, while the formation of a holoenzyme comprising telomerase-associated proteins is necessary for proper telomere length maintenance. Previous reports demonstrated the high processivity of the human telomerase complex and the interspecies compatibility of human TERT (hTERT). In this study, we tested the function of the only known viral telomerase RNA subunit (vTR) in association with human telomerase, both in a cell-free system and in human cells. When vTR is assembled with hTERT in a cell-free environment, it is able to interact with hTERT and to reconstitute telomerase activity. However, in human cells, vTR does not reconstitute telomerase activity and could not be detected in the human telomerase complex, suggesting that vTR is not able to interact properly with the proteins constituting the human telomerase holoenzyme.