bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating Oxidative Browning in Litchi by Regulating Biochemical Markers and Targeted Gene expression via Exogenous Nitric Oxide
Authors: Azam Khushboo , Mir Hidayatullah , Siddiqui Mohammed Wasim , Ranjan Tushar , Homa Fozia , Perveen Nusrat , Singh Duniya Ram , Siddiqui Manzer H. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNitric oxide has been shown to influence oxidative metabolism in plants, enhancing their resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Post‐harvest oxidative stress is a key factor leading to quality deterioration in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit, with visible symptoms that significantly reduce shelf life and consumer acceptability. Therefore, the effect of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 1.0 mM and 2.0 mM) on litchi (cv. Purbi) fruit was examined during storage at 7 ± 1°C. Different biochemical changes related to post‐harvest quality and pericarp browning of litchi were evaluated. The results suggested that SNP (2.0 mM) was significantly effective in reducing weight loss, the pericarp browning index and decay loss. The fruit subjected to SNP (2.0 mM) treatment retained more total anthocyanins and total phenolic content with reduced peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity. Other quality attributes, such as total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and ascorbic acid, were also recorded to be greater in the SNP (2.0 mM)‐treated fruits. These results were consistent with the expression profiles of LcPPO, LcPOD and Laccase genes. The expression levels of these genes were highly suppressed in the nitric oxide‐treated fruits compared to those in the control fruits. Therefore, SNP (2.0 mM) treatment could reduce litchi pericarp browning and prolong the post‐harvest life of fruit for up to eighteen days during cold storage.
Genetic risk variants implicate impaired maintenance and repair of periodontal tissues as causal for periodontitis—A synthesis of recent findings
Authors: Schaefer Arne S. , Nibali Luigi , Zoheir Noha , Moutsopoulos Niki M. , Loos Bruno G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPeriodontitis is a complex inflammatory disease in which the host genome, in conjunction with extrinsic factors, determines susceptibility and progression. Genetic predisposition is the strongest risk factor in the first decades of life. As people age, chronic exposure to the periodontal microbiome puts a strain on the proper maintenance of barrier function. This review summarizes our current knowledge on genetic risk factors implicated in periodontitis, derived (i) from hypothesis‐free systematic whole genome‐profiling studies (genome‐wide association studies [GWAS] and quantitative trait loci [QTL] mapping studies), and independently validated through further unbiased approaches; (ii) from monogenic and oligogenic forms of periodontitis; and (iii) from syndromic forms of periodontitis. The genes include, but are not limited to, SIGLEC5, PLG, ROBO2, ABCA1, PF4, and CTSC. Notably, CTSC and PLG gene mutations were also identified in non‐syndromic and syndromic forms of prepubertal and early‐onset periodontitis. The functions of the identified genes in this review suggest that the pathways affected by the periodontitis‐associated gene variants converge in functions involved in the maintenance and repair of structural integrity of the periodontal tissues. Particularly, these genes play a role in the healing of inflamed and ulcerated periodontal tissues, including roles in fibrinolysis, extrusion of cellular debris, extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. Syndromes that include periodontitis in their phenotype indicate that neutrophils play an important role in the regulation of inflammation in the periodontium. The established genetic susceptibility genes therefore collectively provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms and plausible causal factors underlying periodontitis.
The impact of adverse childhood experiences on older adults’ health measured via comprehensive geriatric assessment
Authors: Ipar Ozlem , Yigitalp Veliye , Kilic Nazli , Smith Lee , Rahmati Masoud , Soysal Pinar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur up to the age of 18 years. Such trauma often results in chronic psychological stress that is associated with negative health outcomes across the lifespan. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between ACEs and health outcomes in older adults.MethodsThe present study is a cross‐sectional design. Socio‐demographic information on patients’ age, gender, marital status, living status, and education level were collected. Furthermore, a comprehensive geriatric assessment and ACE scale were conducted. The ACE scale consisted of 10 questions that were categorised as psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect. The relationship between detailed comprehensive geriatric assessment parameters and ACE were analyzed.ResultsThere were 276 (mean age 77.9 ± 7.3 years, and 74.3% female) patients included in the study. The prevalence of ACEs was 43.1%, with psychological ACE being the most common. Female gender, number of medications, the presence of insomnia and dysphagia were higher in older patients who experienced at least one ACE than those without ACE (P < 0.05). In multivariate analyses, only the relationship between insomnia and ACE persisted (odds ratio 1.83, 95% CI 1.12–3.01; P < 0.05).ConclusionsACEs were detected in approximately one in every two older adults. Those with ACEs were 1.8 times more likely to experience insomnia. Therefore, when evaluating an older patient with insomnia, ACEs should be evaluated and insomnia should also be questioned in older patients who have experienced ACE.
Behavioral validation for a game‐theoretic model of attacker strategic decisions, signaling, and deterrence in multi‐layer security for soft targets
Authors: Kapadia Kevin , Unson Ian , Byrd Katie , Zhuang Jun , John Richard 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding what factors influence an attacker's decision to attack a soft target is important for allocating resources effectively to defend valuable targets. In this study, we aim to validate a game‐theoretic model that explores the relationship between the reward and probability of successfully attacking through multiple layers of defense. We created multiple scenarios corresponding to each of four game‐theoretic cases, resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial design (defended vs. undefended targets X low vs. high expected values [EVs] for attackers). We recruited 454 US adults from Prolific.com to decide whether to attack for a series of 24 scenarios, which varied the probability of success, the magnitude of reward, and whether Layer 1 was signaled to be defended or not. Results were generally consistent with the game model predictions, including a greater tendency to attack undefended targets with a higher EV. Targets with a low probability of success and greater reward were less likely to be attacked than targets with a higher probability of success and smaller reward. Additionally, participants with a higher self‐reported risk‐taking were significantly more likely to attack for a given trial compared to participants with lower self‐reported risk‐taking. This validated game model can be used as a tool to help stakeholders identify where threats are the most likely to occur based on inherent defenses and appeal to attackers.
Posterior Trunk Pulling Perturbation Increased Variables Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Loading in Both Sagittal and Frontal Planes During Landing
Authors: Song Yu , Feng Zhichen , Mersal Kareem , Van Valkenburg Kaden , Salsgiver Lauren , Dai Boyi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTrunk perturbation before initial ground contact (IC) is associated with increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of midflight anterior and posterior pulling perturbation applied to the upper trunk on ACL loading variables during landings. Participants performed double‐leg vertical jumps with and without anterior or posterior pulling perturbation. The perturbation was created by a customized device, pulling participants through a freely dropping slam ball before IC. Whole‐body kinematics and ground reaction forces were collected using optoreflective cameras and force plates. Data from 31 participants were included for analysis. The posterior pulling perturbation resulted in the significantly smallest peak trunk and knee flexion angles, the greatest peak knee abduction angle, and peak knee extension and adduction moments during landings. The anterior pulling perturbation resulted in the significantly greatest peak trunk flexion angle and smallest peak knee extension moment among all conditions, and significantly greater peak knee flexion angle, smaller peak knee abduction angle, and smaller peak knee adduction moment compared to the posterior pulling perturbation. The findings suggest increased ACL loading variables and potential injury risk associated with midflight posterior pulling perturbation and provide information for understanding indirect‐contact ACL injury mechanisms.
Post‐pandemic geographies of working from home: More of the same for spatial inequalities?
Authors: McCollum David 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRather than being an indiscriminate ‘greater leveller’, it is widely recognised that the burden of the covid‐19 pandemic and its aftermath has largely mirrored longstanding cleavages of social and spatial disadvantage. This paper considers how the nature and effects of the mass covid‐induced shift to remote and hybrid working can inform theorisations of contemporary regional inequalities. Through a loosening of the relationship between the geography of home and employment, in theory, these novel working practices and associated changing residential preferences hold potential for easing spatial disparities. Drawing predominantly on interviews and workshops across 15 UK case study areas, this analysis however contends that stark social and spatial divides in the prevalence of remote/hybrid working mean that the propagation of working from home (WFH) may well in fact entrench rather than alleviate geographical inequalities, as working practices have improved for the mainly higher socio‐economic employees who can WFH (overrepresented in prosperous areas) but remain largely unchanged for the majority of the workforce elsewhere who cannot WFH. In this sense, the resilience of core–periphery economic geographies is just as compelling as the significant shift in working practices and residential preferences that the pandemic created. Consequently, caution is needed to avoid a fetishisation of ostensibly transformed post‐pandemic geographies of work–home relations and their potential as a panacea for spatial inequalities.
Ex vivo biomechanical comparison of pedicle screw and rod constructs with and without interbody fusion devices for equine cervical vertebral stabilization
Authors: Pezzanite Lynn M. , Nelson Brad B. , Downey Amy C. , Gadomski Ben , McGilvray Kirk , Baer Kenzie , Kappel Sarah M. , Nout‐Lomas Yvette , Seim Howard B. , Easley Jeremiah T. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the biomechanical properties of pedicle screw and rod (PSR) constructs alone and with an interbody fusion device (PSRIFD) for equine ventral cervical vertebral stabilization.Study designCadaveric ex vivo biomechanical analysis.Sample populationA total of 14 (n = 14) adult equine cervical vertebral columns.MethodsCervical vertebral columns were stabilized by PSR alone (n = 6) or PSRIFD (n = 5). Three columns were left unaltered as controls. Non‐destructive biomechanical testing showed the kinematic range of motion (ROM), compliance, and neutral zone of each spinal unit in the three main kinematic directions (flexion‐extension, lateral bending and axial rotation). Destructive testing was performed to identify mode of failure and stiffness in flexion. Non‐destructive and destructive biomechanical data were compared by ANOVA between experimental groups.ResultsIn flexion‐extension, PSR and PSRIFD had significantly lower ROM, compliance and neutral zone than controls (all p < .05). ROM, compliance and neutral zone were not different between PSR and PSRIFD groups. In axial rotation, the neutral zone of PSR was lower than PSRIFD (p = .013) and both were lower than controls (p < .0001 and p < .02, respectively). Stiffness and moment failure between PSR and PSRIFD groups were not different. All constructs failed through articular process joint dislocation, though the PSRIFD group also had ventral IFD migration.ConclusionPSR and PSRIFD groups have similar biomechanical properties and modes of failure, though PSRIFD had higher catastrophic injury potential.Clinical significanceThese findings support that PSR constructs provide comparable biomechanical stability to PSRIFD, reducing time and potential complications associated with IFD placement.
Connectivity of Markoff mod‐p graphs and maximal divisors
Authors: Eddy Jillian , Fuchs Elena , Litman Matthew , Martin Daniel E. , Tripeny Nico 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMarkoff mod‐ graphs are conjectured to be connected for all primes . In this paper, we use results of Chen and Bourgain, Gamburd, and Sarnak to confirm the conjecture for all . We also provide a method that quickly verifies connectivity for many primes below this bound. In our study of Markoff mod‐ graphs, we introduce the notion of maximal divisors of a number. We prove sharp asymptotic and explicit upper bounds on the number of maximal divisors, which ultimately improves the Markoff graph ‐bound by roughly 140 orders of magnitude as compared with an approach using all divisors.
Effect of intra-arterial chemotherapy drug regimens on globe salvage outcomes of retinoblastoma patients
Authors: He Xiaoyu , Han Minglei , Zhou Min , Chai Peiwei , Guo Lei , Fan Jiayan , Wen Xuyang , Fan Xianqun 
Published: February 2025

AimsTo compare the effect of three-drug regimen (melphalan, topotecan and carboplatin) with two-drug regimen (melphalan and topotecan) on the globe salvage outcomes of retinoblastoma (Rb) with intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC).MethodsThis study included 83 patients with 87 eyes received two-drug regimen IAC, and 95 patients with 97 eyes received three-drug regimen IAC. Propensity score matching was applied, and 84 matched (42:42) patients (eyes) were analysed. All Rb patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination before IAC using a wide-angle digital fundus camera, which was repeated monthly after the globe salvage management. Progression-free ocular survival (PFOS), relapse rate and local complications were analysed per affected eye. Analysis of overall survival (OS) and systemic complications was based on Rb individuals.ResultsEyes treated with three-drug regimen IAC presented with higher overall PFOS than those treated with two-drug regimen IAC (p=0.026). Stratified analysis showed PFOS rate in three-drug group was higher than two-drug group among group D eyes (88.5% vs 60.6%, p=0.009). Consistently, among group E eyes, three-drug group correlated with a better PFOS, compared with two-drug group (42.9% vs 23.5%, p=0.002). There did not present with significant differences in OS (p=0.853), relapse rate (p=0.291), incidence of moderate-severe myelosuppression (grade 3–4, p=0.564) or ophthalmic artery obstruction (p=0.998) between these two groups.ConclusionsThree-drug regimen was a superior IAC management compared with two-drug regiment, with improved progression-free ocular outcome for eyes of advanced retinoblastomas.
Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using Type Ia supernovae and BAO observations
Authors: Yang Fan , Fu Xiangyun , Xu Bing , Zhang Kaituo , Huang Yang , Yang Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we propose to utilize the observed ratio of spherically-averaged distance to the sound horizon scale from Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data to test the cosmic distance duality relation (CDDR) by comparing the luminosity distances (LDs) obtained from Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) observations with angular diameter distances (ADDs) derived from these ratio measurements, using a cosmological-model-independent method. To match the LDs with the ADDs at the identical redshifts, we employ two methods: a compressed form of the Pantheon sample and a hybrid approach that combines the binning method with an artificial neural network (ANN). The Hubble parameter H(z) at any redshift is reconstructed from the observed Hubble parameter data with the ANN to derive the ADD. To avoid potential biases resulted from the specific prior values of the absolute magnitude

$$M_{\textrm{B}}$$

M
B

of SNIa and the sound horizon scale

$$r_{\textrm{d}}$$

r
d

from BAO measurements, we introduce the fiducial parameter

$$\kappa \equiv 10^{M_{\textrm{B}} \over 5}\, r_{\textrm{d}}^{3 \over 2} $$

κ
≡

10

M
B

5

r

d

3
2

and marginalize their impacts by treating them as nuisance parameters with flat prior distributions in our statistical analysis. Subsequently, we update the measurements of ratio of the transverse comoving distance to the sound horizon scale from the latest BAO data released by the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) collaboration for CDDR testing. Our results indicate that BAO observation provides a powerful tool for testing the CDDR, independent of both the absolute magnitude

$$M_{\textrm{B}}$$

M
B

and sound horizon scale

$$r_{\textrm{d}}$$

r
d

, as well as any cosmological model.
Analyzing the impact of Gauss–Bonnet corrections on structure scalars admitting the zero complexity condition
Authors: Nasir M. M. M. , Gul M. Zeeshan , Donmez Orhan , Javed Faisal , Almutairi Bander 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we evaluate the complexity of the anisotropic static cylindrical geometry in the framework of

$$f(\mathcal {G})$$

f
(
G
)

gravity, where

$$\mathcal {G}$$

G

represents the Gauss–Bonnet term. In this perspective, we calculate modified field equations, the C energy formula, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, and the mass function that help to understand the astrophysical structures in

$$f(\mathcal {G})$$

f
(
G
)

gravity. Furthermore, we used the Weyl tensor and obtained different structure scalars by orthogonally splitting the Riemann tensor. One of these scalars,

$$Y_{TF}$$

Y

TF

, is referred to as the complexity factor. This parameter measures system complexity due to non-uniform energy density and non-isotropic pressure. Using the constraint of the variable of vanishing complexity, time-independent solutions are derived for the Gokhroo–Mehra model. It is found that the presence of corrective terms reduce the complexity of the system.
Twisted compactifications and conformal defects from ISO(3)$$\times $$U(1) F(4) gauged supergravity
Authors: Karndumri Parinya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study holographic solutions describing RG flows across dimensions from five-dimensional

$$N=2$$

N
=
2

SCFT to SCFTs in three and two dimensions using matter-coupled F(4) gauged supergravity with

$$ISO(3)\times U(1)$$

I
S
O
(
3
)
×
U
(
1
)

gauge group. By performing topological twists implemented by SO(2),

$$SO(2)\times SO(2)$$

S
O
(
2
)
×
S
O
(
2
)

and SO(3) gauge fields, we find a number of

$$AdS_4\times H^2$$

A
d

S
4

×

H
2

and

$$AdS_3\times H^3$$

A
d

S
3

×

H
3

solutions preserving eight and four supercharges. These geometries are identified with conformal fixed points in three and two dimensions, respectively. The corresponding flow solutions are obtained numerically and can be interpreted as black membranes and black strings in asymptotically

$$AdS_6$$

A
d

S
6

space. In addition, we have constructed charged domain wall solutions with

$$AdS_2\times S^3$$

A
d

S
2

×

S
3

and

$$AdS_3\times S^2$$

A
d

S
3

×

S
2

slicing. These solutions are supported by a non-vanishing two-form field and describe conformal line and surface defects within the

$$N=2$$

N
=
2

SCFT in five dimensions, respectively. All of these solutions can be uplifted to type IIB theory via consistent truncations on

$$S^2\times \Sigma $$

S
2

×
Σ

with

$$\Sigma $$

Σ

being a Riemann surface.
Gravastar model in the structure of f(R,Lm,T) modified theory of gravity
Authors: Sinha Meghanil , Singh S. Surendra 
Published: February 2025

The gravastar (or the Gravitational Vacuum Star) is a very serious alternative proposed to the principle of the black hole, the model of which was originally developed by Mazur and Mottola. A gravastar is an astronomically hypothetically condensed object which is a gravitationally dark vacuum star or a gravitational vacuum condensate star, which is singularity free, spherically symmetric and also super compact. This study concerns about the model of the gravastar in the modified [Formula: see text] gravity considering the form [Formula: see text]. From Mazur–Mottola [P. O. Mazur and E. Mottola, Universe 9, 88 (2023); P. O. Mazur and E. Mottola, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101, 9545 (2004)], we get to know that a gravastar model has three distinct regions having various Equations of State (EoS). We have inquired into the interior portion with the spacetime considering [Formula: see text], for the dark sector of the interior region, here the negative matter-energy density exerting a repulsive force on the immediate thin shell with the EoS [Formula: see text] where it is considered as an ultra-relativistic fluid. We have studied the properties such as energy density, proper length, total energy and entropy. Next comes the vacuum exterior region of the gravastar which is being described by the Schwarzschild-de-Sitter solution. Also from Darmois–Israel formalism, we have probed the junction connecting the inner and the outer surfaces of the gravastar.
Research on Teaching Geoscience with Virtual Field Experiences
Authors: Semken Steven , Mead Chris , Foley Kristen , Ruberto Thomas , Bruce Geoffrey , Anbar Ariel D. 
Published: February 2025

Field experiences are highly valued in geoscience education. However, logistical, financial, and accessibility challenges associated with fieldwork and rapid advancements in technology have all prompted geoscience educators to explore virtual field experiences (VFEs) as alternatives. Rigorous assessment of the effectiveness of VFEs has not kept pace with their implementation, but recent studies offer meaningful and actionable findings that can inform ongoing and future use of VFEs in geoscience education. We present a review of selected studies that address three significant aspects of this still-evolving modality. First, we examine current characterization and classification of VFEs. Second, we examine studies that evaluate the effectiveness of teaching with VFEs. Third, we extend this review to studies that compare VFEs with in-person field experiences (IPFEs). The studies we review demonstrate that VFEs are a valuable approach to teaching introductory geoscience content, even compared to IPFEs.

▪
Challenges associated with field geoscience education and improvements in technology have led geoscience educators to develop and implement virtual field experiences (VFEs) as teaching tools.

▪
VFEs are tested, practical, and effective alternatives to in-person field experiences in introductory geoscience education.