bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extremely frequent bee visits increase pollen deposition but reduce drupelet set in raspberry
Authors: Sáez Agustín , Morales Carolina L. , Ramos Lorena Y. , Aizen Marcelo A. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Production of many flowering crops often benefits from elevated pollinator diversity and abundance. Nevertheless, the opposite relationship may arise if bees impair fruit or seed production and/or quality by damaging flowers during visitation, despite transferring pollen.

We assessed pollination and drupelet set (i.e. the number of drupelets per fruit) in 16 raspberry Rubus idaeus fields along a gradient of bee abundance in north‐west Patagonia, Argentina. Using pollen supplementation, we also tested whether drupelet set was pollen limited in a subset of six fields.

Managed Apis mellifera and the invasive bumblebee Bombus terrestris accounted for 50% and 45% of all bee visits, respectively, to raspberry flowers. Pollen loads on stigmas increased with visit frequency of all bees combined and particularly with visitation by A. mellifera, but not by B. terrestris. Drupelet set was not pollen limited along the gradient of bee abundance.

Instead, drupelet set decreased with the proportion of damaged styles, which varied more strongly with the frequency of visits by B. terrestris than by A. mellifera. In fields with the highest bee frequency of visits (~300 visits flower−1 day−1), ~80% of styles were damaged in flowers and these developed into fruits with ~30% fewer drupelets compared to flowers in fields with the lowest bee visitation rates (~4 visits flower−1 day−1).

Synthesis and applications. Extreme bee visitation, particularly by Bombus terrestris, damaged the styles of raspberry flowers, precluding ovule fertilization by deposited pollen and limiting crop production by reducing drupelet set. Only a few bee visits are required to maximize fruit production in raspberry plants, therefore, pollinator management in north‐west Patagonia should focus principally on reducing the abundance of the invasive bumblebee B. terrestris and secondarily controlling the number of honeybee hives in nearby cultivated fields. Although mainstream pollinator management relies on the assumption that more visits enhance fruit set, high bee visitation rates can be detrimental for fruit development and, consequently, for crop yield.
Responses of 9 lepidopteran species to Bacillus thuringiensis: How useful is phylogenetic relatedness for selecting surrogate species for nontarget arthropod risk assessment?
Authors: Burgess Elisabeth P. J. , Barraclough Emma I. , Kean Aliesha M. , Markwick Ngaire P. , Malone Louise A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTo evaluate phylogenetic relatedness as a proxy for susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) when selecting species to act as surrogates for others in prerelease testing, we examined the responses of 11 laboratory‐reared lepidopteran colonies, comprising members of 2 families, 5 genera, and 9 species, to a commercial Bt preparation. Survival, pupal mass, and timing of pupation and adult emergence of 2 noctuids (Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa armigera) and 7 tortricids (Cnephasia jactatana, Ctenopseustis obliquana, Ctenopseustis herana,Planotortrix octo, Planotortrix notophaea,Planotortrix excessana [2 different laboratory colonies], and Epiphyas postvittana [2 colonies]) were examined after feeding first instar larvae with artificial diet containing 5 μL/100 mL Dipel® ES (Bt subsp. kurstaki). Bt caused significant larval mortality in all species except S. litura, in which only pupation was delayed compared with untreated controls. Neither of the noctuid species tested would act as a suitable surrogate for the other in tests of Bt impacts on survival. With the exception of the 2 colonies of E. postvittana, which differed from each other not only in their responses to Bt but also in their development times when not treated with Bt, species within each tortricid genus had similar responses to Bt and thus could act as surrogates for each other. Members of different genera within this family could represent each other only if relatively coarse measurement endpoints (e.g., toxic or not) were considered adequate for assessing risks to nontarget species in the field.
Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid Intake Levels During Pregnancy and Infant Performance on a Novel Object Search Task at 22 Months
Authors: Rees Alison , Sirois Sylvain , Wearden Alison 
Published: August 2014

This study investigated maternal prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake and infant cognitive development at 22 months. Estimates for second‐ and third‐trimester maternal DHA intake levels were obtained using a comprehensive Food Frequency Questionnaire. Infants (n = 67) were assessed at 22 months on a novel object search task. Mothers' DHA intake levels were divided into high or low groups, with analyses revealing a significant positive effect of third‐trimester DHA on object search task performance. The third trimester appears to be a critical time for ensuring adequate maternal DHA levels to facilitate optimum cognitive development in late infancy.
Maternal Unresponsiveness and Child Disruptive Problems: The Interplay of Uninhibited Temperament and Dopamine Transporter Genes
Authors: Davies Patrick , Cicchetti Dante , Hentges Rochelle F. 
Published: August 2014

This study examined how and why dopamine transporter (DAT1) susceptibility alleles moderate the relation between maternal unresponsiveness and young children's behavior problems in a disadvantaged, predominantly minority sample of 201 two‐year‐old children and their mothers. Using a multimethod, multisource design, the findings indicated that a genetic composite of DAT1 susceptibility alleles (rs27072, rs40184) potentiated associations between maternal unresponsive caregiving and increases in children's behavior problems 2 years later. Moderator‐mediated‐moderation analyses further revealed that the DAT1 diathesis was more proximally mediated by the potentiating effects of children's uninhibited temperament in the pathway between maternal unresponsiveness and disruptive behavior problems. Results are interpreted in the context of supporting and advancing the biosocial developmental model (Beauchaine & Gatzke‐Kopp, 2012).
What Will I Like Best When I'm All Grown Up? Preschoolers' Understanding of Future Preferences
Authors: Bélanger Michèle J. , Atance Cristina M. , Varghese Anisha L. , Nguyen Victoria , Vendetti Corrie 
Published: August 2014

Three experiments investigated 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐year‐olds' (N = 240) understanding that their future or “grown‐up” preferences may differ from their current ones (self‐future condition). This understanding was compared to children's understanding of the preferences of a grown‐up (adult‐now condition) or the grown‐up preferences of a same‐aged peer (peer‐future condition). Children's performance across all three conditions improved significantly with age. Moreover, children found it significantly more difficult to reason about their own future preferences than they did to reason either about an adult's preferences or the future preferences of a peer. These results have important implications for theories about future thinking and perspective‐taking abilities, more broadly.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for T‐prolymphocytic leukemia: a report from the French society for stem cell transplantation (SFGM‐TC)
Authors: Guillaume Thierry , Beguin Yves , Tabrizi Reza , Nguyen Stéphanie , Blaise Didier , Deconinck Eric , Redjoul Rabah , Cornillon Jérôme , Guillerm Gaëlle , Contentin Nathalie , Sirvent Anne , Turlure Pascal , Salmon Alexandra , Huynh Anne , François Sylvie , Peffault de Latour Régis , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Mohty Mohamad 
Published: August 2014

AbstractT‐prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL), a rare aggressive mature T‐cell disorder, remains frequently resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Studies have suggested that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) might possibly serve to consolidate the response to initial chemotherapy. The current report summarizes the outcome of 27 T‐PLL cases identified in the registry in French Society for stem cell transplantation (SFGM‐TC). Prior to HSCT, 14 patients were in complete remission (CR), 10 in partial response, three refractory, or in progression. Following HSCT, 21 patients achieved CR as best response. With a median follow‐up for surviving patients of 33 (range, 6–103) months, 10 patients are still alive in continuous CR. Overall survival and progression‐free survival estimates at 3 yr were 36% (95% CI: 17–54%) and 26% (95% CI: 14–45%), respectively. The relapse incidence after HSCT was 47% occurring at a median of 11.7 (range, 2–24) months. Overall cumulative incidence of transplant‐related mortality was 31% at 3 yr. These results suggest that HSCT may allow long‐term survival in patients with T‐PLL following induction treatment; however, it is associated with a significant rate of toxicity.
Colonisation and competition dynamics can explain incomplete sterilisation parasitism in ant–plant symbioses
Authors: Tarnita Corina E. , Palmer Todd M. , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSterilisation of parasites prevents host reproduction, thereby diverting host resources to their own benefit. Previous theory predicts that parasites should evolve maximum virulence, yet hosts are often incompletely sterilised. Whereas prior attempts to resolve this paradox have sought evolutionary explanations, we present theory and experiments showing that incomplete sterilisation can arise from ecologically driven fluctuations in parasite load. The African ant–plant Acacia drepanolobium reproduced more when occupied by small colonies of the sterilising symbiont Crematogaster nigriceps. In nature, small colonies result from interference competition between ant colonies; these territorial conflicts thus provide intermittent windows of opportunity for host reproduction. Our mean‐field model shows that numerical insufficiency of parasites can produce partial sterilisation of host populations, creating the appearance of reduced virulence even if ants have evolved to sterilise completely. This general framework helps explain both the apparent ubiquity of partial sterilisation parasitism and the ability of these symbiotic associations to persist.
A Socio‐Spatial Combined Approach Confirms a Highly Compartmentalised Structure in Honeybees
Authors: Baracchi David , Cini Alessandro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractComplex insect societies are formed by thousands to millions of individuals which incessantly interact in the sheltered nest space under the constant pressure of different challenges, such as infectious disease and group coordination. Understanding how colony members interact in space and time may therefore help unravelling how different evolutionary pressures have moulded insect societies. We investigated the spatial positions and the association network of workers and the queen in the honeybee (Apis mellifera) society using high‐resolution recordings of spatial behaviour and ‘network connections’ at the individual level. Our socio‐spatial combined approach highlighted a highly compartmentalised structure inside honeybee colony. Connectivity and spatial overlap are high among same‐age workers but low among different‐age workers. Foragers are at the periphery of the social network, while the colony core is formed by young bees and the queen. Our study presents the first empirical quantitative description of socio‐spatial organisation of a honeybee hive, confirming a highly compartmentalised structure and highlighting how the pressures exerted by ergonomics requirements could have shaped insect societies.
Were there evolutionary advantages to premenstrual syndrome?
Authors: Gillings Michael R. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPremenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects up to 80% of women, often leading to significant personal, social and economic costs. When apparently maladaptive states are widespread, they sometimes confer a hidden advantage, or did so in our evolutionary past. We suggest that PMS had a selective advantage because it increased the chance that infertile pair bonds would dissolve, thus improving the reproductive outcomes of women in such partnerships. We confirm predictions arising from the hypothesis: PMS has high heritability; gene variants associated with PMS can be identified; animosity exhibited during PMS is preferentially directed at current partners; and behaviours exhibited during PMS may increase the chance of finding a new partner. Under this view, the prevalence of PMS might result from genes and behaviours that are adaptive in some societies, but are potentially less appropriate in modern cultures. Understanding this evolutionary mismatch might help depathologize PMS, and suggests solutions, including the choice to use cycle‐stopping contraception.
Fatigue life prediction of damaged copper film by laser irradiation repairing
Authors: Ren C.‐G. , Shang D.‐G. , Sun Y.‐J. , Guo Y.‐B. , Chen T. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe mechanism of fatigue life improvement for damaged and undamaged copper film specimens with thickness of 25 um was investigated by laser surface irradiation under optimal parameters of laser irradiation at different loading levels. The results showed that the degree of improvement in fatigue life for the damaged specimens is more evident when the applied nominal stress was larger. The hardening induced by laser irradiation and a smooth surface feature can be obtained after the laser irradiation treatment, which results in fatigue life to be extended. A fatigue life prediction method was proposed by the view of equivalent stress. The predicted lives by the proposed prediction method were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Teaching and Testing L2 Spanish Listening Using Scripted vs. Unscripted Texts
Authors: Wagner Elvis , Toth Paul D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEven after years of study, many second language (L2) learners have difficulty comprehending proficient speakers in real‐world settings. This difficulty stems partly from the inauthentic nature of the spoken texts learners are exposed to in foreign language (FL) classrooms—scripted, simplified, and overenunciated “textbook texts.” This study compared the performance of intermediate university FL Spanish learners on a listening comprehension test using scripted vs. unscripted spoken texts. An experimental design was used where learners were assigned to an unscripted group (n = 85) or a scripted group (n = 86). The groups listened to the same texts, except that the scripted texts were modified to resemble traditional textbook texts. Results indicated that the scripted group scored significantly higher than the unscripted group. Implications for the teaching and testing of L2 listening are discussed.
Conversational Patterns of Homestay Hosts and Study Abroad Students
Authors: Pryde Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough the initiation, response, and follow‐up (IRF) conversational structure and the initiation, response, evaluation (IRE) structure, commonly termed “triadic dialogue,” (Lemke, 1990) have been extensively documented in relation to classroom conversational style, there is little research on their distribution during, and impact on, learner speech outside the classroom. Data from 37 conversations, collected over a one‐year study abroad homestay program, were categorized to determine how the conversations functioned as well as to reveal general patterns of language use. Triadic dialogue was discovered to be a common conversational style used between New Zealand homestay parents and their 17‐ and 18‐year‐old Japanese study abroad students. More specifically, the evaluative move was isolated and found to occur often with display questions made by the host, which also functioned to restrict conversation. Hosts initiated 83 times from approximately five hours of recorded conversations: 28 of these initiations were display questions, and 33 were referential questions. Students did not initiate any display questions and initiated 12 referential questions. Both the hosts' conversational dominance and the asymmetrical relationship perpetuated particular conversational patterns commonly framed within the triadic structure (Sinclair & Coulthard, 1975), which data suggested were difficult to break during the study abroad period.
Effect of complete denture wearing on tongue motor biomechanics during swallowing in edentulous older adults
Authors: Kondoh Jugo , Ono Takahiro , Tamine Kenichi , Fujiwara Shigehiro , Minagi Yoshitomo , Hori Kazuhiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kreissl Marion , Nitschke Ina 
Published: August 2014

AimContact of the tongue against the hard palate plays an important role in swallowing. Therefore, age‐related decline in tongue function has received much attention. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of complete denture wearing on tongue motor biomechanics during swallowing in healthy edentulous older adults.MethodsA total of 19 edentulous patients (6 males and 13 females, mean age 76.2 ± 7.2 years) without any history of neuromuscular disease or dysphagia were selected. All patients were wearing complete dentures in both the upper and lower jaws. Tongue pressure against the hard palate during swallowing saliva was recorded using an original T‐shaped sensor sheet with five measuring points. Measurements were carried out both with and without the prostheses. For evaluating swallowing ability, the frequency of swallowing saliva in 30 s was recorded (Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test).ResultsWith the prostheses, the maximal magnitude and duration of tongue pressure was larger at Ch. 1 (anterior‐median part of the hard palate) and Ch. 2 (mid‐median part) right and left circumferential parts than without the prostheses. As for the integral of tongue pressure, that with prostheses was larger at all 5 channels than that without prostheses. There was significant improvement in the Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test value while wearing prostheses.ConclusionsThese results suggested that swallowing function deteriorated as a result of the decline in tongue–palate contact on removing complete dentures in edentulous older adults.Clinical relevanceThe present study showed the effect of wearing prostheses on swallowing in edentulous older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 565–571.
Is short‐term percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement beneficial in acutely ill cognitively intact elderly patients? A proposed decision‐making algorithm
Authors: Abraham Rtika R , Girotra Mohit , Wei Jeanne Y , Azhar Gohar 
Published: August 2014

AimPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is an important method of enteral feeding for patients who require temporary or long‐term artificial nutritional support to prevent or correct disease‐related malnutrition. However, there is paucity of data on the utility of short‐term PEG tube placements in acute illnesses in cognitively intact older adults.MethodsWe present a series of seven, cognitively intact patients (age range 72–93 years), who had PEG tubes placed for short periods. These patients were diagnosed with “failure to thrive” and were managed by placing a PEG tube temporarily for nutritional management. None of these patients had terminal illness or hospice eligibility, and all of the patients were community dwellers.ResultsAll of the elderly patients experienced good outcomes in terms of their functional status and nutritional support.ConclusionsOur series clearly supports the notion that short‐term PEG tube placement in cognitively intact elderly patients could be a successful strategy to support them during an episode of acute illness, and to improve their nutritional deficits and survival. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 572–578.
Problems and fall risk determinants of quality of life in older adults with increased risk of falling
Authors: Lin Sang‐I , Chang Ku‐Chou , Lee Hsuei‐Chen , Yang Yi‐Ching , Tsauo Jau‐Yih 
Published: August 2014

AimsDetermine quality of life and its association with fall risk factors in older adults with increased risk of falling.MethodsA total of 597 community‐dwelling Taiwanese older adults who were screened to have increased risk of falling participated in the present study. The fall risk factors included sociodemographics, physical and psychological function, Timed Up and Go, past fall/medical histories, fear of falling and medications. The Euro Qol EQ‐5D was used to measure health‐related quality of life.ResultsPain/discomfort was the EQ‐5D dimension most frequently reported to be impaired (35%), regardless of the level of fall risk or age groups, followed by mobility (25%). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that Geriatric Depression Scale, Mini‐Mental State Examination, physiological function, up‐and‐go, fear of falling and psychotropic medication were independent predictors for total EQ‐5D, explaining 68.37% of the variance. Logistic regression analysis showed that for the five EQ‐5D dimensions, Geriatric Depression Scale and Up and Go time were the most common determinants.ConclusionsPain/discomfort was the leading impairment, and greater Geriatric Depression Scale and longer up‐and‐go time were the main contributing factors in declines in quality of life in older adults with increased risk of falling. These factors are often modifiable, and their management might be considered a priority in falls prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 579–587.
Neuroimaging indicators of the performance of instrumental activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Chen Yang‐Kun , Xiao Wei‐Min , Li Wan‐Yi , Liu Yong‐Lin , Li Wei , Qu Jian‐Feng , Fang Xue‐Wen , Weng Han‐Yu , Ungvari Gabor S , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to explore the magnetic resonance imaging correlates of the performance of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in patients with Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease.MethodsA total of 66 patients with Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease formed the study sample. Two regression models were constructed to find correlates of IADL. Model 1 only included clinical variables and model 2 included both clinical and magnetic resonance imaging variables.ResultsIn model 1, with IADL as the dependent variable, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, Physical Self‐Maintenance Scale score at baseline and age were significant correlates accounting for 40.1% of the variance of IADL at baseline. MMSE score and age were also significant correlates of IADL at 6 months, accounting for 38.1% of the variance of it. In model 2, severity of white matter lesions, MMSE and Physical Self‐Maintenance Scale scores at baseline significantly correlated with IADL at baseline, accounting for 52.1% of the variance of the dependent variables; severity of white matter lesions and MMSE significantly correlated with IADL at 6 months, accounting for 41.5% of the variance of the dependent variables.ConclusionIn patients with Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular disease, subcortical ischemic lesions might be significant contributor to the functional status. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 588–593.