bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Lagrangian Method to Isolate the Impacts of Mixed Layer Subduction on the Meridional Overturning Circulation in a Numerical Model
Authors: Thomas Matthew D. , Tréguier Anne-Marie , Blanke Bruno , Deshayes Julie , Voldoire Aurore 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Large differences in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) exhibited between the available ocean models pose problems as to how they can be interpreted for climate policy. A novel Lagrangian methodology has been developed for use with ocean models that enables a decomposition of the AMOC according to its source waters of subduction from the mixed layer of different geographical regions. The method is described here and used to decompose the AMOC of the Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM) ocean model, which is approximately 4.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) too weak at 26°N, compared to observations. Contributions from mixed layer subduction to the peak AMOC at 26°N in the model are dominated by the Labrador Sea, which contributes 7.51 Sv; but contributions from the Nordic seas, the Irminger Sea, and the Rockall basin are also important. These waters mostly originate where deep mixed layers border the topographic slopes of the Subpolar Gyre and Nordic seas. The too-weak model AMOC can be explained by weak model representations of the overflow and of Irminger Sea subduction. These are offset by the large Labrador Sea component, which is likely to be too strong as a result of unrealistically distributed and too-deep mixed layers near the shelf.
Subgrid-Scale Variability for Thermodynamic Variables in an Offline Land Surface Prediction System
Authors: Rochoux Mélanie C. , Bélair Stéphane , Abrahamowicz Maria , Pellerin Pierre 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study presents a numerical analysis of the impact of the horizontal resolution on the forecast capability of the Canadian offline land surface prediction system (SPS; formerly known as GEM-Surf) forced by the 15-km Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) atmospheric model. This system is used to quantify on a statistical basis the subgrid-scale variability of (near-)surface variables for 25-km grid spacing based on the 2.5- or 10-km SPS run at regional scale over the 2012 summer season. The model bias and the distributions characterizing the subgrid-scale variability drastically depend on the geographic areas as well as on the diurnal cycle. These results show the benefits of high-resolution land surface simulations to account for length scales that are more consistent with the scales at which the actual land surface balance is affected by the heterogeneous geophysical fields (i.e., roughness length, land–water mask, glacier mask, and soil texture). The model bias results highlight the potential of an SPS–GEM two-way coupling strategy for refining predictions near the surface through the upscaling of high-resolution surface heat fluxes to the coarser atmospheric grid spacing, with these fluxes being significantly different from those explicitly resolved at 25 km and featuring nonlinear behavior with respect to the horizontal resolution. Since the computational power of meteorological operational centers progressively increases, making it possible to run high-resolution limited-area models, solving the surface at high resolution in a surface–atmosphere fully coupled system becomes a key aspect for improving numerical weather and environmental forecast performance.
Spontaneous Generation of Near-Inertial Waves by the Kuroshio Front
Authors: Nagai Takeyoshi , Tandon Amit , Kunze Eric , Mahadevan Amala 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhile near-inertial waves are known to be generated by atmospheric storms, recent observations in the Kuroshio Front find intense near-inertial internal-wave shear along sloping isopycnals, even during calm weather. Recent literature suggests that spontaneous generation of near-inertial waves by frontal instabilities could represent a major sink for the subinertial quasigeostrophic circulation. An unforced three-dimensional 1-km-resolution model, initialized with the observed cross-Kuroshio structure, is used to explore this mechanism. After several weeks, the model exhibits growth of 10–100-km-scale frontal meanders, accompanied by O(10) mW m−2 spontaneous generation of near-inertial waves associated with readjustment of submesoscale fronts forced out of balance by mesoscale confluent flows. These waves have properties resembling those in the observations. However, they are reabsorbed into the model Kuroshio Front with no more than 15% dissipating or radiating away. Thus, spontaneous generation of near-inertial waves represents a redistribution of quasigeostrophic energy rather than a significant sink.
Firefighter Hand Anthropometry and Structural Glove Sizing
Authors: Hsiao Hongwei , Whitestone Jennifer , Kau Tsui-Ying , Hildreth Brooke 
Published: July 2015

Objective: We evaluated the current use and fit of structural firefighting gloves and developed an improved sizing scheme that better accommodates the U.S. firefighter population. Background: Among surveys, 24% to 30% of men and 31% to 62% of women reported experiencing problems with the fit or bulkiness of their structural firefighting gloves. Method: An age-, race/ethnicity-, and gender-stratified sample of 863 male and 88 female firefighters across the United States participated in the study. Fourteen hand dimensions relevant to glove design were measured. A cluster analysis of the hand dimensions was performed to explore options for an improved sizing scheme. Results: The current national standard structural firefighting glove-sizing scheme underrepresents firefighter hand size range and shape variation. In addition, mismatch between existing sizing specifications and hand characteristics, such as hand dimensions, user selection of glove size, and the existing glove sizing specifications, is significant. An improved glove-sizing plan based on clusters of overall hand size and hand/finger breadth-to-length contrast has been developed. Conclusion: This study presents the most up-to-date firefighter hand anthropometry and a new perspective on glove accommodation. The new seven-size system contains narrower variations (standard deviations) for almost all dimensions for each glove size than the current sizing practices. Application: The proposed science-based sizing plan for structural firefighting gloves provides a step-forward perspective (i.e., including two women hand model–based sizes and two wide-palm sizes for men) for glove manufacturers to advance firefighter hand protection.
Interventional treatment of renal angiomyolipoma: immediate results and clinical and radiological follow-up of 4.5 years
Authors: Andersen Poul Erik , Thorlund Mie Gaedt , Wennevik Gjertrud Egge , Pedersen Rune Lau , Lund Lars 
Published: July 2015

Background Renal angiomyolipoma is rare, but many of these patients may have an acute debut with severe bleeding. These patients need urgent treatment with interventional embolization as an attractive option. Purpose To investigate the technical and clinical effect of this treatment and to evaluate long-term clinical outcomes with clinical control and radiological imaging. Material and Methods Eight patients with angiomyolipoma were treated with embolization. Five patients were treated acutely. Five patients were followed-up for mean 4.5 years with clinical and radiological examinations. Results The renal angiomyolipoma decreased significantly from mean 7.2 cm to 2.9 cm after embolization ( p = 0.04). Cortical infarctions of about one-third of the circumference of the embolized kidneys could be detected on follow-up examinations, but all patients had normal total kidney function. The bleeding was primarily stopped in all patients, however, in one patient bleeding from a lumbar artery was supplementary embolized within 24 h. In another case the interventional procedure ended up in embolization of the whole kidney as it was impossible to embolize all the feeding arteries selectively. One patient had a nephrectomy one month after embolization because of infection and re-bleeding and one patient after 2.5 years because of tumor size >4 cm. The technical success was 7/8 (88%) and clinical success was 6/8 patients (75%). Conclusion Selective embolization of renal angiomyolipoma is a minimally invasive and safe procedure with few complications. It is a nephron sparing alternative to renal resection. The reduction in tumor size after embolization is significant and long-lasting.
Cu1.94S-Assisted Growth of Wurtzite CuInS2 Nanoleaves by In Situ Copper Sulfidation
Authors: Cai Chunqi , Zhai Lanlan , Zou Chao , Li Zhensong , Zhang Lijie , Yang Yun , Huang Shaoming 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Wurtzite CuInS2 nanoleaves were synthesized by Cu1.94S-assisted growth. By observing the evolution of structures and phases during the growth process, Cu1.94S nanocrystals were found to be formed after uninterrupted oxidation and sulfidation of copper nanoparticles at the early stage, serving as catalysts to introduce the Cu and In species into CuInS2 nanoleaves growth for inherent property of fast ionic conductor. The obtained CuInS2 nanoleaves were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fast Fourier transform, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping. The enhancement of photoresponsive current of CuInS2 nanoleaf film, evaluated by I-V curves of nanoleaf film, is believed to be attributed to the fast carrier transport benefit from the nature of single crystalline of CuInS2 nanoleaves.
Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics of Thin-film Transistors Fabricated with Solution-Processed Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks
Authors: Cai Le , Zhang Suoming , Miao Jinshui , Wei Qinqin , Wang Chuan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We report the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements on thin-film transistors (TFTs) using solution-processed semiconducting carbon nanotube networks with different densities and channel lengths. From the measured C-V characteristics, gate capacitance and field-effect mobility (up to ~50 cm2 V−1 s−1) of the TFTs were evaluated with better precision compared with the results obtained from calculated gate capacitance. The C-V characteristics measured under different frequencies further enabled the extraction and analysis of the interface trap density at the nanotube-dielectric layer interface, which was found to increase significantly as the network density increases. The results presented here indicate that C-V measurement is a powerful tool to assess the electrical performance and to investigate the carrier transport mechanism of TFTs based on carbon nanotubes.
Cpipe: a shared variant detection pipeline designed for diagnostic settings
Authors: Sadedin Simon P. , Dashnow Harriet , James Paul A. , Bahlo Melanie , Bauer Denis C. , Lonie Andrew , Lunke Sebastian , Macciocca Ivan , Ross Jason P. , Siemering Kirby R. , Stark Zornitza , White Susan M. ,   Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, Taylor Graham , Gaff Clara , Oshlack Alicia , Thorne Natalie P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe benefits of implementing high throughput sequencing in the clinic are quickly becoming apparent. However, few freely available bioinformatics pipelines have been built from the ground up with clinical genomics in mind. Here we present Cpipe, a pipeline designed specifically for clinical genetic disease diagnostics. Cpipe was developed by the Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance, an Australian initiative to promote common approaches to genomics across healthcare institutions. As such, Cpipe has been designed to provide fast, effective and reproducible analysis, while also being highly flexible and customisable to meet the individual needs of diverse clinical settings. Cpipe is being shared with the clinical sequencing community as an open source project and is available at http://cpipeline.org.
Greening as compensation to production of environmental public goods: how do common rules have an influence at local level? The case of durum wheat in Italy
Authors: Diotallevi Francesco , Blasi Emanuele , Franco Silvio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The promotion of sustainability is envisaged by the new Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) as a major issue for future policies in the agro-food sector, in line with the Europe 2020 Strategy. In this context, “greening” ecological payments have been conceived as a tool to encourage European farms towards the adoption of environmentally friendly practices. Since the new CAP became law, at least 30% of the national budget of direct payments is tied to the respect of three main ecological commitments by farmers managing 10 or more hectares of arable land, i.e. crop diversification, maintaining permanent grassland and maintaining the so called “ecological focus areas”.
The present research focuses on the possible effects of the greening instrument, by evaluating the impact of this tool in different Italian areas, specialized in the durum wheat cultivation. The objectives of the analysis are to evaluate the extent and features of the impact of greening in three case study areas and to discuss the likely implications in a policy-effectiveness perspective.
Thus, an empirical analysis has been carried out in order to evaluate the impact of greening in three case study areas with a strong specialization in wheat production, located in the North, Centre and South of Italy.The results have been compared across the case studies and with other quantitative and qualitative studies carried out in different contexts.
The results show that the impact of greening may be different even in areas with the same productive specialization. Namely, greening deeply impacts on the durum wheat cultivation area located in the South of Italy, while it seems to have a very marginal effect on the other two areas. Thus, greening has a strongly differentiated impact both at the farm and at the territorial level, at least for the Italian durum wheat production.
Basing on these first results, the setting of specific solutions to rebalance the effects of greening on the durum wheat sector is envisaged, as allowed by the present regulatory framework, in order to avoid an over-diversification in the impacts of the greening measure among different Italian regions.
Proteomic analysis of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) under high temperature and waterlogging stresses
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hung , Lin Kuan-Hung , Chen Su-Ching , Shen Yu-Hsing , Lo Hsiao-Feng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
The production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) is largely reduced by waterlogging and high temperature stresses. Heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible broccoli cultivars TSS-AVRDC-2 and B-75, respectively, were used for physiological and proteomic analyses. The objective of this study was to identify TSS-AVRDC-2 and B-75 proteins differentially regulated at different time periods in response to waterlogging at 40 °C for three days.

Results
TSS-AVRDC-2 exhibited significantly higher chlorophyll content, lower stomatal conductance, and better H2O2 scavenging under stress in comparison to B-75. Two-dimensional liquid phase fractionation analyses revealed that Rubisco proteins in both varieties were regulated under stressing treatments, and that TSS-AVRDC-2 had higher levels of both Rubisco large and small subunit transcripts than B-75 when subjected to high temperature and/or waterlogging.

Conclusions
This report utilizes physiological and proteomic approaches to discover changes in the protein expression profiles of broccoli in response to heat and waterlogging stresses. Higher levels of Rubisco proteins in TSS-AVRDC-2 could lead to increased carbon fixation efficiency to provide sufficient energy to enable stress tolerance under waterlogging at 40 °C.
Hospitalization Rates Among Survivors of Young Adult Malignancies
Authors: Richardson Devon P. , Daly Corinne , Sutradhar Rinku , Paszat Lawrence F. , Wilton Andrew S. , Rabeneck Linda , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose There are limited data on health care use among survivors of young adult cancers. We aimed to describe patterns of hospitalization among a cohort of long-term survivors compared with noncancer controls. Methods Persons diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 44 years with malignancies in Ontario, Canada, from 1992 to 1999, who lived at least 5 years recurrence free, were identified using the Ontario Cancer Registry and matched to noncancer controls. Hospitalizations were determined using hospital discharges, and rates were compared between survivors and controls. The absolute excess rate of hospitalizations was determined for each type of malignancy in survivors per 100 person-years of follow-up. Results The cohort included 20,275 survivors and 101,344 noncancer controls. During the study period, 6,948 (34.3%) survivors were admitted to the hospital and the adjusted relative rate (ARR) of hospitalizations in survivors compared with controls was 1.51 (95% CI, 1.48 to 1.54). The rate of hospitalization was highest for survivors of upper GI, leukemia, and urologic malignancies. The hospitalization rate (per person) for survivors significantly decreased from 0.22 in the first time period examined (5 to 8 years after diagnosis) to 0.15 in the last time period examined (18 to 20 years after diagnosis, P < .0001). However, at all time periods, survivors were more likely to be hospitalized than controls (ARR at 5 to 8 years, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.57 to 1.81]; ARR at 18 to 20 years, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.08 to 1.37]). Conclusion Survivors of young adult cancers have an increased rate of hospitalization compared with controls. The rate of hospitalization for 20-year survivors did not return to baseline, indicating a substantial and persistent burden of late effects among this generally young population.
Recommendations for the Use of WBC Growth Factors: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update
Authors: Smith Thomas J. , Bohlke Kari , Lyman Gary H. , Carson Kenneth R. , Crawford Jeffrey , Cross Scott J. , Goldberg John M. , Khatcheressian James L. , Leighl Natasha B. , Perkins Cheryl L. , Somlo George , Wade James L. , Wozniak Antoinette J. , Armitage James O. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose To update the 2006 American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline on the use of hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs). Methods The American Society of Clinical Oncology convened an Update Committee and conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews from October 2005 through September 2014. Guideline recommendations were based on the review of the evidence by the Update Committee. Results Changes to previous recommendations include the addition of tbo-filgrastim and filgrastim-sndz, moderation of the recommendation regarding routine use of CSFs in older patients with diffuse aggressive lymphoma, and addition of recommendations against routine dose-dense chemotherapy in lymphoma and in favor of high–dose-intensity chemotherapy in urothelial cancer. The Update Committee did not address recommendations regarding use of CSFs in acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes in adults. Recommendations Prophylactic use of CSFs to reduce the risk of febrile neutropenia is warranted when the risk of febrile neutropenia is approximately 20% or higher and no other equally effective and safe regimen that does not require CSFs is available. Primary prophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of febrile neutropenia in patients who are at high risk on the basis of age, medical history, disease characteristics, and myelotoxicity of the chemotherapy regimen. Dose-dense regimens that require CSFs should only be used within an appropriately designed clinical trial or if supported by convincing efficacy data. Current recommendations for the management of patients exposed to lethal doses of total-body radiotherapy, but not doses high enough to lead to certain death as a result of injury to other organs, include the prompt administration of CSFs.
Surviving history: Kate Chopin
Authors: Baysal Kübra 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Bearing witness to the colonial and anti-feminist atmosphere of 19th-century America, Kate Chopin created her works against a background of all kinds of repression reigning over social life. Likewise, Désirée’s Baby focuses mainly on a young woman’s marital life and the social/familial problems she confronts because of her personal background and imperial and gender-based oppression surrounding her life. Through a new historicist reading, the story has several humane elements to be taken into account. Reflecting the periphery and the repressed, Désirée’s Baby is a significant anticanonical writing with an inspiring human touch and a historically excluded work which depicts the dramatic existential problems of the time
Decoding Samuel Beckett’s language in Imagination Dead Imagine
Authors: Kiššová Mária , Ščerbák Ľubomír 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The study focuses on the short prose text Imagination Dead Imagine (1965) by the Irish writer Samuel Beckett (1906-1989). It argues that while at first sight Beckett’s text appears to be a chaotic verbal blend with no coherence, a close reading discloses an actual underlying pattern (mandala) which gives the text a structure and enables the reader to “understand” it. The authors of the paper claim that mandala, as the structural pattern of the text, represents an attempt to find a resolution of the existential and universal conflict within man. On one hand, there is spiritual alienation (exemplified here by the dissolution of the language) and, on the other hand, one’s desire to be integrated with unity and return to the centre
On reconstructing unknown characteristics of a nonlinear system of differential equations
Authors: Kuklin Alexander , Maksimov Vyacheslav , Nikulina Natalia 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Problems of dynamical reconstruction of unknown characteristics for nonlinear equations described the process of diffusion of innovations through results of observations of phase states are considered. Solving algorithms, which are stable with respect to informational noises and computational errors, are designed. The algorithms are based on the principle of auxiliary models with adaptive controls.
Model of time-varying linear systems and Kolmogorov equations
Authors: Krumov Assen V. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the paper an approximate model of time-varying linear systems using a sequence of time-invariant systems is suggested. The conditions for validity of the approximation are proven with a theorem. Examples comparing the numerical solution of the original system and the analytical solution of the model are given. For the system under the consideration a new criterion giving sufficient conditions for robust Lagrange stability is suggested. The criterion is proven with a theorem. Examples are given showing stable and non stable solutions of a time-varying system and the results are compared with the numerical Runge-Kutta solution of the system. In the paper an important application of the described method of solution of linear systems with time-varying coefficients, namely analytical solution of the Kolmogorov equations is shown.