bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Influence of the Temperature on the Formation of Cardanol‐Based Phenolic Resin
Authors: Shukla Shrawan Kumar , Maithani Arun , Srivastava Deepak 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA kinetic study of the reaction of cardanol and maleic anhydride (MA) (mole ratios 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:0.75, 1:1) was carried out at five different temperatures ranging between 160 and 180°C with an interval of 5°C using paratoluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst. The acid values of the samples were checked at a regular time intervals to check the percentage of the completion of the reaction. The influence of the condensation temperature on the synthesized resins was studied using infrared spectroscopic analysis. The reaction between cardanol and MA was found to obey first‐order rate kinetics. The specific rate constant (k) calculated by regression analysis was found to obey the Arrhenius expression. The thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy (Ea), frequency factor (Z), entropy (∆S), enthalpy (∆H), and free energy (∆G) were calculated. It was found that the reaction was spontaneous and irreversible. The experimental results were explained by proposing a reaction mechanism and deriving the rate equation.
Refining the role of preoperative C‐reactive protein by neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fang Hsuan‐Yeh , Huang Xin Yong , Chien Huei‐Tzu , Chang Joseph Tung‐Chieh , Liao Chun‐Ta , Huang Jung‐Ju , Wei Fu‐Chan , Wang Hung‐Ming , Chen I‐How , Kang Chung‐Jan , Huang Shiang‐Fu 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisElevated inflammatory biomarkers such as C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the recently identified neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were demonstrated to be associated with prognosis in human cancers. The aim of our present study is to analyze the relationship of preoperative levels of CRP and NLR with clinicopathological factors and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThis study was performed on 226 OSCC patients between July 2007 and April 2012. Their serum CRP levels and NLR were measured preoperatively.ResultsCRP level ≥ 5.0 mg/L was significantly associated with NLR ≥ 2.44 (linear regression, P < .001). Elevated CRP and NLR were significantly associated with pathological tumor status (P < .001), pathologic nodal metastasis (P < .001), tumor depth (≥10 mm vs. <10 mm, P < .001), disease‐free survival (P < .001), and overall survival (P = .001). The influence of CRP level and NLR on disease‐free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.259, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.170‐4.361) and overall survival (HR = 2.176, 95% CI = 1.116‐4.245]) still existed after adjusting for tumor status, lymph node metastasis, and tumor cell differentiation.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that elevated CRP is an independent prognostic factor in OSCC. Elevated NLR in the high CRP group identifies patients at high risks of recurrence and shorter survival. Incorporating NLR into CRP level therefore has significant potential as a biomarker for risk stratification in OSCC.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2690–2699, 2013
Postoperative management following supraglottoplasty for severe laryngomalacia
Authors: Fordham M. Taylor , Potter S. Myles , White David R. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo retrospectively analyze the postoperative management and care needs of patients undergoing spontaneous ventilation supraglottoplasty (SVS).Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsCharts of children undergoing (SVS) for severe laryngomalacia from 2007 to 2011 at a single institution were reviewed. Intraoperative and postoperative management data were collected to review the airway management, postoperative care needs, and potential complications associated with this surgery.ResultsA total of 65 patients were included in the study. Only three patients (4.5%) required more than an overnight stay in the hospital, and no patients left the operating room intubated. One patient required temporary intensive care unit observation, and the majority (78.1%) demonstrated adequate oral intake within 4 hours of surgery. Comorbidities did not portend a longer hospital stay or slower return to oral intake.ConclusionsSVS with cold‐steel instruments is a safe and effective surgical intervention with low complication rates. This study suggests that postoperative intubation or intensive care unit monitoring may not be necessary when using these techniques.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:3206–3210, 2013
Intrinsic laryngeal muscle activity in response to autonomic nervous system activation
Authors: Helou Leah B. , Wang Wei , Ashmore Robin C. , Rosen Clark A. , Abbott Katherine Verdolini 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine whether the intrinsic laryngeal muscles exhibit a response to induced autonomic nervous system (ANS) activation, and to characterize responses that may occur.Study DesignProspective within‐subjects study.MethodsA cold pressor (CP) task was used to trigger a whole‐body ANS response in eight vocally normal adult females. Surface electromyography of the trapezius muscle and bipolar hook‐wire electromyography of intrinsic laryngeal muscles, as well as cardiovascular measures of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]), were used to characterize participants' response to CP exposure compared to at‐rest baseline.ResultsCardiovascular response to the CP task was confirmed for subjects via HR or blood pressure measures. Post hoc Bonferroni analysis confirmed statistically significant increases in HR (P = .027), SBP (P < .001), and DBP (P < .001) during the CP task as compared to baseline. Concurrent increases in muscle activity were generally observed in trapezius, posterior cricoarytenoid, bilateral thyroarytenoid/lateral cricoarytenoid muscle complex, and bilateral cricothyroid muscles for each subject. Three individuals elected to repeat the CP task and displayed the same pattern of laryngeal response as observed in their first exposure. Results for repeated baseline measures obtained after the cessation of the CP task were compared to pre‐CP baseline. Overall laryngeal activation remained even after the cardiovascular response was attenuated.ConclusionsResults are consistent with the suggestion that human laryngeal muscles exhibit an elevated level of activation concurrent with ANS activation, and endorse the putative link between laryngeal muscle tension and acute stress. Findings are replicable within a subset of three individuals.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2756–2765, 2013
Intratympanic dexamethasone injection for refractory tinnitus: Prospective placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Choi Seong Jun , Lee Jong Bin , Lim Hye Jin , In Seung Min , Kim Jong‐Yeup , Bae Kyung Hee , Choung Yun‐Hoon 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injections (ITDI) for refractory tinnitus.Study DesignA prospective, placebo‐controlled, randomized, double‐blind study.MethodsThirty patients with refractory tinnitus who were diagnosed in the Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea, between 2006 and 2007 were enrolled and then were assigned into two groups of ITDI (15 patients) or saline (15 patients) by permuted block randomization. Intratympanic injections were double‐blind performed four times within 2 weeks. After 4 weeks, we analyzed the improvement and aggravation rates of tinnitus using the following parameters: questionnaires, tinnitus handicap index (THI), loudness matching test, frequency, and duration of tinnitus.ResultsThe effectiveness rates of ITDI for refractory tinnitus reported in the tinnitus questionnaires, in the THI, and in the loudness matching test were all 33.3% in the steroid group, and 26.7%, 40.0%, and 26.7% in the saline group, respectively. However, there were no statistically significant differences in both groups. To analyze the therapeutic effect of ITDI on tinnitus under 6 months of its development, the improvement rates reported in the tinnitus questionnaires, in the THI, and in the loudness matching test were all 28.5% in the steroid group, and 40.0%, 40.0%, and 30.0% in the saline group, respectively. There were also no statistically significant differences in both groups.ConclusionsITDI may not be effective for refractory tinnitus. The indication of ITDI for tinnitus needs to be limited to specific cases.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 123:2817–2822, 2013
In Brief: BRCA1 and BRCA2
Authors: Foulkes William D , Shuen Andrew Y 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe discovery of the first major breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1, occurred almost 20 years ago. BRCA1, together with BRCA2 remain the most important discoveries in human cancer genetics. Identification of highly penetrant mutations in these two tumour suppressor genes has had broad implications for women at risk and their families, for health professionals caring for these persons and for basic researchers. The BRCA proteins have many critical functions, the most notable of which, from a clinical perspective, is repair of double‐strand DNA breaks. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability of ffDNA in maternal plasma does not prevent correct classification of trisomy 21 using MeDIP‐qPCR methodology
Authors: Kyriakou Skevi , Kypri Elena , Spyrou Christiana , Tsaliki Evdokia , Velissariou Voula , Papageorgiou Elisavet A. , Patsalis Philippos C. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe goal of this study is to evaluate the amount of free fetal DNA (ffDNA), total DNA, and ‘fetal fraction’ found in maternal plasma and whether these influence the enrichment ratios of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and the correct classification of trisomy 21 using the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MeDIP‐qPCR)‐based noninvasive prenatal diagnostic methodology applied in peripheral blood.MethodsAbsolute quantification of ffDNA using DYS14 and total DNA using β‐globin was applied in 83 maternal plasma samples. The quantification values for all 83 samples were correlated with the enrichment ratios of all seven DMRs and D‐values that were obtained from the diagnostic formula of MeDIP‐qPCR method.ResultsOur analysis concluded that trisomy 21 samples had significantly higher ffDNA and total DNA levels compared with those of normal samples. Enrichment ratios of the majority of DMRs studied exhibited no association with ffDNA, total DNA, and ‘fetal fraction’, and only a small portion of DMRs exhibited moderate association. Correlation studies of ffDNA, total DNA, and fetal fraction with the diagnostic D‐value showed weak to no association but without affecting the classification of trisomy 21.ConclusionOverall, the variability of ffDNA and total DNA among maternal samples does not affect the correct trisomy 21 classification using MeDIP‐qPCR methodology applied in peripheral blood. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of congenital malformation diagnostic codes recorded in Québec's administrative databases
Authors: Blais Lucie , Bérard Anick , Kettani Fatima‐Zohra , Forget Amélie 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo assess the validity of the diagnostic codes of congenital malformations (CMs) recorded in two of Québec's administrative databases.MethodsA cohort of pregnancies and infants born to asthmatic and non‐asthmatic women in 1990–2002 was reconstructed using Québec's administrative databases. From this cohort, we selected 269 infants with a CM and 144 without CM born to asthmatic women, together with 284 and 138 infants, respectively, born to non‐asthmatic women. The diagnoses of CMs recorded in the databases were compared with the diagnoses written by the physicians in the infants' medical charts. The positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) for all, major, and several specific CMs were estimated.ResultsThe PPVs for all CMs and major CMs were 82.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 78.5%–85.9%) and 78.1% (74.1%–82.1%), respectively, in the asthmatic group and were 79.2% (75.4%–83.1%) and 69.0% (64.6%–73.4%), respectively, in the non‐asthmatic group. PPVs >80% were found for several specific CMs, including cardiac, cleft, and limb CMs in both groups. The NPV for any CM was 88.2% (95% CI: 85.1%–91.3%) in the asthmatic group and 94.2% (92.2%–96.2%) in the non‐asthmatic group.ConclusionsQuébec's administrative databases are valid tools for epidemiological research of CMs. The results were similar between infants born to women with and without asthma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal stability of nanocrystalline electrodeposited nickel–iron
Authors: Schmitt M.‐T. , Hoffmann J. E. , Eifler D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring the serial production process of a microgearbox, nickel–iron coatings are electrodeposited onto copper discs using various current densities and are subsequently annealed in a vacuum furnace in the temperature range between 200 and 800 °C. The microstructure (grain size and lattice strain) is characterised via X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Following electrodeposition, nanocrystalline microstructures result whose grain sizes range from 8 to 12 nm. The iron content of the investigated coatings amounts to 5.7, 8.8 and 17.7 wt.%. By means of an annealing treatment, a reduction in the lattice strain and subsequent grain growth are observed. The change of the microstructural parameters is shifted to higher temperatures in the case of increasing iron content. Light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images show the formation of precipitations at about 400 °C. The indentation hardness and the indentation modulus change considerably after annealing.
A secure cluster‐based architecture for certificates management in vehicular networks
Authors: Gazdar Tahani , Benslimane Abderrahim , Belghith Abdelfettah , Rachedi Abderrezak 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we propose a distributed and dynamic public key infrastructure for vehicular ad hoc networks. We aim to achieve the fundamental security requirements, particularly the authentication, the confidentiality, and a reliable vehicle‐to‐vehicle data exchange. To make the certification authority (CA) reachable by all vehicles, we distribute its role among a set of dynamically elected vehicles. The election of dynamic CAs is based on a clustering algorithm where the cluster heads will be CAs in their clusters. The cluster heads are elected following two criteria: security and mobility. Due to the important role of the CA in each cluster and to protect it from DOS attacks, we introduce a VANETs dynamic demilitarized zone for vehicular ad hoc networks. Its role is to handle the certification requests sent to the CA from unknown vehicles, and hence, it avoids compromising it. Additionally, we detail the certificates management in the proposed public key infrastructure, and we propose a mechanism to provide anonymous vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications using pseudonyms. To study the feasibility of our distributed architecture and particularly the clustering algorithm, we propose a probabilistic model considering the speed of vehicles and taking into account the safety distance between vehicles.We carried out a set of simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed clustering algorithm in both urban and highway environments. Hence, we study the effects of the transmission range, the speed of vehicles, and the number of trusted vehicles in the network on the stability and the efficiency of the overall proposed architecture. We also study some delays characterizing the certificates management. Our simulation results show that the security of the proposed architecture closely depends on the number of trusted vehicles in the network, and the stability depends on the mobility of vehicles on the road and on the total number of trusted vehicles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hot Deformation Behaviors of Fe–30Mn–3Si–3Al TWIP Steel during Compression at Elevated Temperature and Strain Rate
Authors: Li Dazhao , Wei Yinghui , Liu Chunyue , Hou Lifeng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe hot deformation behavior of twinning‐induced plasticity (TWIP) steel was investigated at 973–1373 K and strain rates of 0.01–20 s−1 by hot‐compression experiments performed on a Gleeble‐3800 thermo‐simulation test system. Microstructural evolution during recrystallization in the hot deformed TWIP steels was investigated by metallurgical analysis. The hot‐flow behavior can be represented by a Zener–Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic‐sine equation. The hot‐deformation activation energy is 436.813 kJ mol−1. Deformation bands are initially generated in the deformed austenitic grains during the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of TWIP steel. With increasing temperature, the recrystallized grains emerge at the boundary junctions after the disappearance of the deformation bands. Subsequently, they gradually spread along the austenitic boundaries and exhibit a necklace shape. The dynamic recrystallized grains continuously grow until they finally reach equilibrium. The DRX mechanism of TWIP steel is a boundary bulge mechanism. The optimum hot‐working technology parameters (especially for rolling) for the TWIP steel is the deformation temperature range of 1223–1323 K, and strain rate range of 1–10 s−1.
Errors and uncertainties associated with missing wind data and short records
Authors: Salmon Jim , Taylor Peter 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTA near‐complete 4 year data set of 10 min average 80 m wind speeds is used to examine the impact of missing data on monthly and yearly estimates of mean wind speed and energy production from a generic wind turbine. Missing data is a source of uncertainty in wind energy resource assessment studies. Quantifying that uncertainty can improve the reliability of P90 and related wind farm energy production estimates. An empirical relationship between missing data percentage and relative uncertainty in monthly mean wind speed is derived. Relationships between uncertainties in monthly average wind speed and uncertainties in monthly energy production are also explored. In many cases with monthly data losses of 10% or less the contribution to the overall uncertainty in annual energy production will be small (<1%), but with substantial losses in cold winters, typically caused by icing; the uncertainties can become more significant. The data set is also used to indicate uncertainties associated with short data periods. Annual average wind speed estimates based on less than a complete year's data also add significant uncertainty to wind resource assessments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elimination of Immediate‐Use Steam Sterilization of Radioactive Seed Implants
Authors: Wells Marie S.W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractImmediate‐use steam sterilization (IUSS) was routinely used to prepare radioactive seeds for use in elective urology cases at an urban academic medical center. In an attempt to eliminate this practice, the senior clinical nurse queried educators from nearby facilities about their practices for processing these implants and met with all stakeholders to identify concerns and explore acceptable alternatives. After rejecting the alternative of having central sterile processing personnel sterilize the seeds, a project team conducted a trial by using manufacturer presterilized seeds. After the trial and subsequent evaluation, the team decided to convert to using presterilized seeds for all procedures. The incidence of immediate‐use steam sterilization for nonemergent brachytherapy procedures was reduced from an average of three per month to zero.
Clinical Issues—May 2013
Authors: Wood Amber , Van Wicklin Sharon A. 
Published: April 2013

This MonthImmunization recommendations for perioperative observersKey words: immunization, vaccine, vaccination, perioperative observers, perioperative visitors.Legislation related to the immunization of perioperative observersKey words: immunization, vaccine, vaccination, perioperative observers, perioperative visitors, students, immunization legislation, immunization regulation, immunization law.Scrubbed personnel who are sneezingKey words: sneezing, coughing, saliva, mucus, surgical mask.Length of time after which a surgical mask should be changedKey words: surgical masks, wet, soiled, filtration efficiency, microbial barrier.Removing surgical head coveringsKey words: surgical head coverings, perioperative areas, microbial dispersal.Surgical wound classification change after glove perforationKey words: surgical wound classification, glove perforation, major break, sterile technique, wound contamination.
Implementing AORN Recommended Practices for Sterilization
Authors: Graybill‐D'Ercole Patricia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAny hospital or facility in which surgery and other invasive procedures are performed should have accommodations for cleaning, decontaminating, disinfecting, and sterilizing instruments, equipment, and other essential supplies that are used for patient procedures. Sterilization is essential to reducing or preventing the risk of surgical site infections. This is a collaborative process and should include all health care providers who handle these instruments, including perioperative nurses. The revised AORN “Recommended practices for sterilization,” which became effective June 15, 2012, includes updates on sterilizing single‐use items, inspecting critical items before sterilization, using low‐temperature hydrogen peroxide vapor sterilization methods, and immediate use steam sterilization. This RP document is the first AORN document to be evidence rated and accepted for inclusion in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Guideline Clearinghouse.
Spatial and temporal distribution of Tabanidae in the Pyrenees Mountains: the influence of altitude and landscape structure
Authors: Baldacchino F. , Porciani A. , Bernard C. , Jay-Robert P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn high-altitude summer pastures, horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae) can be a serious nuisance to livestock, as well as mechanical vectors of animal diseases such as besnoitiosis, an enzootic disease in the Pyrenees. However, the activity of horseflies in mountainous environments is poorly documented. To study the seasonality and distribution of tabanids in the Pyrenees Mountains, a sampling design was set up in two valleys on opposite sides of the mountain, one north-facing and one south-facing, along high-elevation gradients and at different distances from a water body between May and October 2011. The influence of the landscape on species richness and abundance was assessed by taking into account forested and unforested areas in 200 m radii around the trapping sites. Our findings indicated that: (1) The slope, the altitude and the size of unforested patches significantly influenced community composition of tabanids. (2) Altitude had a positive or a negative effect, depending on the species. (3) Species richness and abundance were negatively correlated with large open habitats and positively correlated with patch-shape complexity. (4) Seasonal succession of the most abundant species was observed in both valleys, with a maximum of catches at the beginning of August; however, tabanid activity ended earlier in the southern valley, which was more exposed to sunlight. (5)Philipomyia aprica, Tabanus bromius, Tabanus glaucopisandHybomitra auripilawere active from 9:00 to 19:00 h (GMT+1), with a peak of activity at midday. This paper also discusses the implications of these findings in relation to changes in horsefly distribution and their control in mountainous environments.