bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The Last Refuge of the Scoundrel”: Debating between History and Theory
Authors: Cohen Sagi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhen “History” is called to represent silence, its metaphysical position is symptomatically felt. Tracing what Fasolt calls “the historian's revolt”, this paper identifies the political impetus behind it as the symptom dictating Foucault's own silences/silencings (regarding Derrida's intervention in his History of Madness). In naming such a symptom/silence – in taking “Derrida's position” – this paper performs its own violence/decision by, both “justifying,” and betraying, this position; by installing itself in, instead of “above,” this curious “debate”. “The last refuge of the scoundrel” appears then as the reflective exteriority of a political antagonism that's based on a metaphysical difference with regards to the legitimate “seat” of authority (in Fasolt, an antagonism between the historian and the Catholic Church). Finally, this trajectory is installed within a wider – metaphysical and historical – context, where Hegel's famous saying, that the University is the Protestant's Church, might yet echo that distant metaphysical decision – still looming, like a “genealogical specter,” over Academia and its Social Sciences.
When Do Outsider CEOs Generate Strategic Change? The Enabling Role of Corporate Stability
Authors: Karaevli Ayse , Zajac Edward J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWhen academic researchers, business commentators, and boards of directors have debated the merits of hiring new CEOs from outside the firm, the implicit or explicit assumption typically made is that outsider CEOs will provide an advantage in achieving strategic change. In this study, we challenge this assumption by employing a duality perspective on stability/change, and we provide an original conceptual framework to posit that it is the presence of corporate stability (ordinary succession, a long‐tenured predecessor CEO, and good firm performance) that allows outsider CEOs to generate a greater degree of post‐succession strategic change. We use extensive longitudinal data from US airline and chemical industries between 1972 and 2010 to test our hypotheses, and we discuss how our supportive findings challenge long‐standing assumptions regarding the outsider succession–strategic change relationship, and we advocate embracing the non‐intiutive notion that stable (unstable) conditions can be enablers (barriers) of strategic change for outsider CEOs.
Multimodality Evaluation of Dural Arteriovenous Fistula with CT Angiography, MR with Arterial Spin Labeling, and Digital Subtraction Angiography: Case Report
Authors: Alexander Matthew , McTaggart Ryan , Santarelli Justin , Fischbein Nancy , Marks Michael , Zaharchuk Greg , Do Huy 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are cerebrovascular lesions with pathologic shunting into the venous system from arterial feeders. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis, but advances in noninvasive imaging techniques now play a role in the diagnosis of these complex lesions. Herein, we describe the case of a patient with right‐side pulsatile tinnitus and DAVF diagnosed using computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance with arterial spin labeling, and DSA. Implications for imaging analysis of DAVFs and further research are discussed.
Inhibitory effect of carbazolequinone derivatives on lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells
Authors: Murata Tomiyasu , Kohno Susumu , Ito Chihiro , Itoigawa Masataka , Sugiura Ayumi , Hikita Kiyomi , Kaneda Norio 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of our synthesized carbazolequinone derivatives on nitric oxide (NO) production in activated macrophages.

Methods
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with carbazolequinone derivatives. The NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in cell culture supernatants fractions were measured by Greiss and ELISA assay, respectively. The expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was assessed by the real-time RT-PCR method. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation was detected by an NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter assay.

Key findings
Our synthesized carbazolequinone derivatives (7-methoxy-2-methylcarbazole-1,4-quinone, 6-methoxy-2-methylcarbazole-1,4-quinone and 6-chloro-2-methylcarbazole-1,4-quinone) significantly inhibited LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production and iNOS expression in RAW264.7 cells. They also inhibited the LPS/IFN-γ-mediated induction of COX-2 expression and PGE2 production. In addition, the LPS/IFN-γ-induced transcription activity of NF-κB was attenuated. Using the RAW264.7-tsAM5NE co-culture system, we found that these carbazolequinone derivatives protected neuronally differentiated tsAM5NE cells from NO-induced cell death by inhibiting the production of NO.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the three carbazolequinone derivatives inhibit LPS/IFN-γ-induced NO production via iNOS and COX-2 downregulation due to NF-κB inhibition. Therefore, these three carbazolequinone derivatives may be useful for developing a new drug against NO-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.
Older African American women's lived experiences with depression and coping behaviours
Authors: Ward E. C. , Mengesha M. (M.) , Issa F. 
Published: June 2013

Accessible summary
Little is known about older African American women's life experiences with depression. As a result, how they are dealing with depression is not known at this time.
This research examined older African American women's experiences with depression and how they are dealing with it.
Thirteen African American women aged 60 and older were interviewed about their experiences with depression.
Our findings show these older women think of depression as a normal reaction to difficult life situations, rather than an illness. As a result, the women did not see the need to get professional help for their depression.
AbstractLittle is known about older African American women's lived experiences with depression. What does depression mean to this group? What are they doing about their depression? Unfortunately, these questions are unanswered. This study examined older African American women's lived experiences with depression and coping behaviours. The common sense model provided the theoretical framework for present study. Thirteen community‐dwelling African American women aged 60 and older (M = 71 years) participated. Using qualitative phenomenological data analysis, results showed the women held beliefs about factors that can cause depression including experiences of trauma, poverty and disempowerment. Results also indicated the women believed that depression is a normal reaction to life circumstances and did not see the need to seek professional treatment for depression. They coped by use of culturally sanctioned behaviours including religious practices and resilience. It appears these women's beliefs about depression and use of culturally sanctioned coping behaviours might potentially be a barrier to seeking professional mental healthcare, which could result in missed opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of depression among this group. Implications for research, educational and clinical interventions are discussed.
A closer look at the species behind abundance–occupancy relationships
Authors: Eriksson Ove 
Published: June 2013

AbstractGuedo & Lamb (), in this issue of theJournal of Vegetation Science, used a 35‐yr data series from two prairie communities to show that abundance–occupancy relationships change over time. Scrutinizing the details behind this finding, they show that species groups follow different trajectories during succession after disturbance. These results will inspire further species‐level studies unraveling mechanisms behind abundance–occupancy relationships.
Phylogeography of the shrimp Palaemon floridanus (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae): a partial test of meta‐population genetic structure in the wider Caribbean
Authors: Baeza Juan Antonio , Fuentes Maria Soledad 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMarine organisms with a pelagic stage are often assumed to display minor population structure given their extended larval development and subsequent high long‐distance dispersal ability. Nonetheless, considerable population structure might still occur in species with high dispersal ability due to current oceanographic and/or historical processes. Specifically, for the wider Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, theoretical and empirical considerations suggest that populations inhabiting each of the following areas should be genetically distinct: Panama, Belize, Southwest Florida (Tampa), and Southeast Florida (Fort Pierce). This study tests the hypothesis of significant genetic differentiation in Palaemon floridanus populations across the wider Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico. Population level comparisons were conducted using sequences of the mtDNA COI. In agreement with predictions, AMOVA and pairwise FST values demonstrated population differentiation among most pairs of the studied populations. Only Panama and East Florida populations were genetically similar. An isolation‐with‐migration population divergence model (implemented in IMA2) indicated that population divergence with incomplete lineage sorting can be invoked as the single mechanism explaining genetic dissimilarity between populations from the east and west coast of Florida. Historical demographic analyses indicated demographic expansion of P. floridanus in some localities [recent in Panama and ancient in East Florida and the wider Caribbean (entire dataset)] but constant population in other localities (in Belize and West Florida). This study rejects the idea of panmixia in marine species with high long‐distance dispersal ability. Contemporary and historical processes might interact in a complex manner to determine current phylogeographic patterns.
The heating history of Vesta and the onset of differentiation
Authors: Formisano Michelangelo , Federico Costanzo , Turrini Diego , Coradini Angioletta , Capaccioni Fabrizio , De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Pauselli Cristina 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this work, we study the link between the evolution of the internal structure of Vesta and thermal heating due to 26Al and 60Fe and long‐lived radionuclides, taking into account the chemical differentiation of the body and the affinity of 26Al with silicates. We explored several thermal and structural scenarios differing in the available strength of energy due to the radiogenic heating and in the postsintering macroporosity. By comparing them with the data supplied by the HEDs and the Dawn NASA mission, we use our results to constrain the accretion and differentiation time as well as the physical properties of the core. Differentiation takes place in all scenarios in which Vesta completes its accretion in <1.4 Ma after the injection of 26Al into the solar nebula. In all those scenarios where Vesta completes its formation in <1 Ma from the injection of 26Al, the degree of silicate melting reaches 100 vol% throughout the whole asteroid. If Vesta completed its formation between 1 and 1.4 Ma after 26Al injection, the degree of silicate melting exceeds 50 vol% over the whole asteroid, but reaches 100 vol% only in the hottest, outermost part of the mantle in all scenarios where the porosity is lower than 5 vol%. If the formation of Vesta occurred later than 1.5 Ma after the injection of 26Al, the degree of silicate melting is always lower than 50 vol% and is limited only to a small region of the asteroid. The radiation at the surface dominates the evolution of the crust, which ranges in thickness from 8 to about 30 km after 5 Ma: a layer about 3–20 km thick is composed of primitive unmelted chondritic material, while a layer of about 5–10 km is eucritic.
Walking with insects: molecular mechanisms behind parasitic manipulation of host behaviour
Authors: van Houte Stineke , Ros Vera I. D. , van Oers Monique M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractParasitic infections are often followed by changes in host behaviour. Numerous and exquisite examples of such behavioural alterations are known, covering a broad spectrum of parasites and hosts. Most descriptions of such parasite‐induced changes in host behaviour are observational reports, while experimentally confirmed examples of parasite genes inducing these changes are limited. In this study, we review changes in invertebrate host behaviour observed upon infection by parasites and discuss such changes in an evolutionary context. We then explore possible mechanisms involved in parasite‐induced changes in host behaviour. Genes and pathways known to play a role in invertebrate behaviour are reviewed, and we hypothesize how parasites (may) affect these pathways. This review provides the state of the art in this exciting, interdisciplinary field by exploring possible pathways triggered in hosts, suggesting methodologies to unravel the molecular mechanisms that lead to changes in host behaviour.
A Mathematical Framework for Quantifying and Optimizing Protective Actions for Civil Infrastructure Systems
Authors: Faturechi Reza , Miller‐Hooks Elise 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing, categorizing, and quantifying system performance measures in the presence of uncertain events, component failure, or other disruptions/disasters with the potential to reduce system capacity/performance. The framework clarifies the interrelationships between notions of coping capacity, preparedness, robustness, flexibility, recovery capacity, and resilience, previously espoused as independent measures, and provides a single mathematical decision problem for quantifying these measures congruously and maximizing their values. Required solution methodologies are presented for use in evaluating system performance in terms of these measures and resulting solutions can be exploited to determine an optimal allocation of limited resources to preparedness and response options. A numerical‐transportation‐related example is provided to illustrate its application. Results of this application offer insights into these various performance measures, their relationships, and the relative importance of preparedness and response actions.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the mouse esophagus: focus on intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs)
Authors: Hübsch M. , Neuhuber W. L. , Raab M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundIGLEs represent the only low‐threshold vagal mechanosensory terminals in the tunica muscularis of the esophagus. Previously, close relationships of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) immunopositive IGLEs and cholinergic varicosities suggestive for direct contacts were described in almost all mouse esophageal myenteric ganglia. Possible cholinergic influence on IGLEs requires specific acetylcholine receptors. In particular, the occurrence and location of neuronal muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the esophagus were not yet characterized.MethodsThis study aimed at specifying relationships of VGLUT2 immunopositive IGLEs and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)‐immunopositive varicosities using pre‐embedding electron microscopy and the location of mAChR1‐3 (M1‐3) within esophagus and nodose ganglia using multilabel immunofluorescence and retrograde tracing.Key ResultsElectron microscopy confirmed synaptic contacts between cholinergic varicosities and IGLEs. M1‐ and M2‐immunoreactivities (‐iry; ‐iries) were colocalized with VGLUT2‐iry in subpopulations of IGLEs. Retrograde Fast Blue tracing from the esophagus showed nodose ganglion neurons colocalizing tracer and M2‐iry. M1‐3‐iries were detected in about 80% of myenteric ganglia and in about 67% of myenteric neurons. M1‐ and M2‐iry were present in many fibers and varicosities within myenteric ganglia. Presynaptic M2‐iry was detected in all, presynaptic M3‐iry in one‐fifth of motor endplates of striated esophageal muscles. M1‐iry could not be detected in motor endplates of the esophagus, but in sternomastoid muscle.Conclusions & InferencesAcetylcholine probably released from varicosities of both extrinsic and intrinsic origin may influence a subpopulation of esophageal IGLEs via M2 and M1‐receptors.
MR imaging in Crohn's disease: correlation of MR motility measurement with histopathology in the terminal ileum
Authors: Cullmann J. L. , Bickelhaupt S. , Froehlich J. M. , SZUCS‐FARKAS Z. , Tutuian R. , Patuto N. , Dawson H. , Patak M. A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of the study was to correlate MR‐detectable motility alterations of the terminal ileum with biopsy‐documented active and chronic changes in Crohn's disease.MethodsThis IRB approved retrospective analysis of 43 patients included magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) and terminal ileum biopsies (<2 weeks apart). Motility was measured at the terminal ileum using coronal 2D trueFISP pulse sequences (1.5T MRI,TR 83.8,TE1.89) and dedicated motility assessment software. Motility grading (hypermotility, normal, hypomotility, complete arrest) was agreed by two experienced readers. Motility was compared and correlated with histopathology using two‐tailed Kruskal–Wallis test and paired Spearman Rank‐Order Correlation tests.Key ResultsMotility abnormalities were present in 27/43 patients: nine hypomotility and 18 complete arrest. Active disease was diagnosed on 15 biopsies: eight moderate and seven severe inflammatory activity. Chronic changes were diagnosed on 17 biopsies: 13 moderate and four severe cases. In four patients with normal motility alterations on histopathology were diagnosed. Histopathology correlated with presence (P = 0.0056 for hypomotility and P = 0.0119 for complete arrest) and grade (P < 0.0001; P = 0.0004) of motility alterations. A significant difference in the motility was observed in patients with active or chronic CD compared with patients without disease (P < 0.001; P = 0.0024).Conclusions & InferencesMR‐detectable motility changes of the terminal ileum correlate with histopathological findings both in active and chronic CD. Motility changes may indicate the presence pathology, but do not allow differentiation of active and chronic disease.
Will reducing sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption reduce obesity? Evidence supporting conjecture is strong, but evidence when testing effect is weak
Authors: Kaiser K. A. , Shikany J. M. , Keating K. D. , Allison D. B. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryWe provide arguments to the debate question and update a previous meta‐analysis with recently published studies on effects of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) on body weight/composition indices (BWIs). We abstracted data from randomized controlled trials examining effects of consumption of SSBs on BWIs. Six new studies met these criteria: (i) human trials, (ii) ≥ 3 weeks duration, (iii) random assignment to conditions differing only in consumption of SSBs and (iv) including a BWI outcome. Updated meta‐analysis of a total of seven studies that added SSBs to persons’ diets showed dose‐dependent increases in weight. Updated meta‐analysis of eight studies attempting to reduce SSB consumption showed an equivocal effect on BWIs in all randomized subjects. When limited to subjects overweight at baseline, meta‐analysis showed a significant effect of roughly 0.25 standard deviations (more weight loss/less weight gain) relative to controls. Evidence to date is equivocal in showing that decreasing SSB consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity. Although new evidence suggests that an effect may yet be demonstrable in some populations, the integrated effect size estimate remains very small and of equivocal statistical significance. Problems in this research area and suggestions for future research are highlighted.
Direct laryngoscopy after potential difficult intubation in children only predicts standard Cormack and Lehane view to within one grade
Authors: Chambers Neil A. , Hullett Bruce 
Published: June 2013

SummaryBackgroundSome techniques used to achieve intubation in children predicted to have a difficult airway do not involve direct laryngoscopy or assessment of the laryngeal grade. Direct laryngoscopy may therefore be performed immediately after intubation to provide a record for future anesthetics. It is unknown whether this postintubation grade accurately reflects the standard laryngeal grade in this group.AimThe aim of the study was to identify those children who were predicted to be a difficult intubation and to perform direct laryngoscopy before and after intubation. We set out to ascertain if direct laryngoscopy performed after intubation could accurately predict the standard un‐intubated laryngeal grade in this group.MethodsAll children presenting for general anesthesia who were clinically predicted to be a difficult intubation were considered for this study and prospectively recruited. After induction of anesthesia, one study anesthetist performed direct laryngoscopy before and another study anesthetist then performed direct laryngoscopy after intubation. These laryngeal grades were then compared.ResultsA total of 21 children were successfully recruited and studied, and all patients were successfully intubated. Overall, the postintubation grade did not reliably reflect the standard grade, but did not differ by more than one grade in any patient. In one‐third of subjects, the postintubation grade was equal to the standard grade, in one‐third it was a grade ‘easier’ and in one‐third a grade ‘harder’.ConclusionAssessment and documentation of a postintubation laryngeal grade does not appear to provide reliable information for future anesthetics and may even have the potential to be misleading. Any such documentation should always refer to the presence of an endotracheal tube and be interpreted with caution.
Chrysanthemum expressing a linalool synthase gene ‘smells good’, but ‘tastes bad’ to western flower thrips
Authors: Yang Ting , Stoopen Geert , Thoen Manus , Wiegers Gerrie , Jongsma Maarten A. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryHerbivore‐induced plant volatiles are often involved in direct and indirect plant defence against herbivores. Linalool is a common floral scent and found to be released from leaves by many plants after herbivore attack. In this study, a linalool/nerolidol synthase, FaNES1, was overexpressed in the plastids of chrysanthemum plants (Chrysanthemum morifolium). The volatiles of FaNES1 chrysanthemum leaves were strongly dominated by linalool, but they also emitted small amount of the C11‐homoterpene, (3E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene, a derivative of nerolidol. Four nonvolatile linalool glycosides in methanolic extracts were found to be significantly increased in the leaves of FaNES1 plants compared to wild‐type plants. They were putatively identified by LC‐MS‐MS as two linalool–malonyl–hexoses, a linalool–pentose–hexose and a glycoside of hydroxy–linalool. A leaf‐disc dual‐choice assay with western flower thrips (WFT, Frankliniella occidentalis) showed, initially during the first 15 min of WFT release, that FaNES1 plants were significantly preferred. This gradually reversed into significant preference for the control, however, at 20–28 h after WFT release. The initial preference was shown to be based on the linalool odour of FaNES1 plants by olfactory dual‐choice assays using paper discs emitting pure linalool at similar rates as leaf discs. The reversal of preference into deterrence could be explained by the initial nonvolatile composition of the FaNES1 plants, as methanolic extracts were less preferred by WFT. Considering the common occurrence of linalool and its glycosides in plant tissues, it suggests that plants may balance attractive fragrance with ‘poor taste’ using the same precursor compound.