bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host utilization is mediated by movement of pre‐feeding Phthorimaea operculella larvae in the Nicotiana tabacum agroecosystem
Authors: Rivera Monique J. , Burrack Hannah J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe distribution of insect herbivores within their hosts can be influenced by insect preference, plant characteristics, and biotic interactions such as refuge from predation. We observed significantly more Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae in the lower portion of commercial tobacco plants, Nicotiana tabacum L. (Solanaceae), an occasional host, and sought to explain this distribution pattern. Phthorimaea operculella are oligophagous leaf miners of solanaceous plants, including cultivated crops. Females lay their eggs in the soil beneath N. tabacum plants rather than on the foliage, forcing newly hatched larvae to search for host tissue. We hypothesized that P. operculella larvae were establishing in the lower portion of N. tabacum plants because either they gained a performance advantage, or it was the first suitable leaf material contacted. To measure within‐plant larval performance, neonates were released in cages on leaves in the upper, middle, and lower stalk positions of the plant before and after the plant flowered. Phthorimaea operculella performed significantly better on younger plants and in the top leaves. To test larval ability to move within and between plants, we removed leaves at four heights to increase the distance newly hatched larvae must travel. Larval establishment was highest on plants with no leaves removed, but larvae were able to move an average distance of over 70 cm from release point to host leaves in plants directly above the release point and adjacent plants. Phthorimaea operculella larvae appear to utilize suboptimal N. tabacum host tissue to maximize their chances of survival.
Changes in type‐specific human papillomavirus load predict progression to cervical cancer
Authors: Depuydt Christophe E. , Criel Arnold M. , Benoy Ina H. , Arbyn Marc , Vereecken Annie J. , Bogers Johannes J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPersistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is strongly associated with the development of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer (CIN3+). However, HPV infection is common and usually transient. Viral load measured at a single time‐point is a poor predictor of the natural history of HPV infection. The profile of viral load evolution over time could distinguish HPV infections with carcinogenic potential from infections that regress. A case‐cohort natural history study was set‐up using a Belgian laboratory database processing more than 100,000 liquid cytology specimens annually. All cytology leftovers were submitted to real‐time PCR testing identifying E6/E7 genes of 17 HPV types, with viral load expressed as HPV copies/cell. Samples from untreated women who developed CIN3+ (n = 138) and women with transient HPV infection (n = 601) who contributed at least three viral load measurements were studied. Only single‐type HPV infections were selected. The changes in viral load over time were assessed by the linear regression slope for the productive and/or clearing phase of infection in women developing CIN3+ and women with transient infection respectively. Transient HPV infections generated similar increasing (0.21 copies/cell/day) and decreasing (−0.28 copies/cell/day) viral load slopes. In HPV infections leading to CIN3+, the viral load increased almost linearly with a slope of 0.0028 copies/cell/day. Difference in slopes between transient infections and infections leading to CIN3+ was highly significant (P < .0001). Serial type‐specific viral load measurements predict the natural history of HPV infections and could be used to triage women in HPV‐based cervical cancer screening.
Predictors of breastfeeding exclusivity among migrant and Canadian‐born women: results from a multi‐centre study
Authors: Dennis Cindy‐Lee , Gagnon Anita , Van Hulst Andrea , Dougherty Geoff 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to examine and compare predictors of breastfeeding exclusivity among migrant and Canadian‐born women. As part of a longitudinal study, a sample of 1184 mothers were recruited from 12 hospitals in Canada and completed questionnaires at 1 and 16 weeks post‐partum that included diverse questions from the following domains: demographic, social, migration, obstetrical, breastfeeding and maternal mood. After bivariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was completed to examine and compare predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 16 weeks post‐partum. Among migrant women, factors predictive of breastfeeding exclusivity included non‐refugee immigrant or asylum‐seeking status, residence in Toronto or Vancouver, maternal age of ≥35 years, feels most comfortable in the country of origin or nowhere and higher Gender‐related Development Index of the country of origin. Factors predictive of not exclusively breastfeeding included maternal age of <20 years, not planning to exclusively breastfeed, not making the decision to breastfeed before pregnancy and not exclusively breastfeeding at 1 week post‐partum. Among Canadian‐born women, factors predictive of a lower likelihood of breastfeeding exclusivity included not living with father of infant, infant neonatal intensive care unit admission, planned duration of exclusive breastfeeding for <6 months, not exclusively breastfeeding at 1 week post‐partum and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of ≥10. The only similar risk factor predicting a lower likelihood of breastfeeding exclusivity between migrant and Canadian‐born women was not exclusively breastfeeding at 1 week post‐partum; all other risk factors were dissimilar, suggesting that these groups might benefit from different strategies to optimise breastfeeding outcomes.
Maternal correlates of maternal child feeding practices: a systematic review
Authors: McPhie Skye , Skouteris Helen , Daniels Lynne , Jansen Elena 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEstablishing healthy eating habits early in life is one important strategy to combat childhood obesity. Given that early maternal child feeding practices have been linked to child food intake and weight, identifying the maternal correlates of maternal child feeding practices is important in order to understand the determinants of childhood obesity; this was the overall aim of the current review. Academic databases were searched for studies examining the relationship between maternal child feeding practices and parenting, personal characteristics and psychopathology of mothers with preschoolers. Papers were limited to those published in English, between January 2000 and June 2012. Only studies with mothers of normally developing children between the ages of 2 and 6 years were included. There were no restrictions regarding the inclusion of maternal nationality or socioeconomic status (SES). Seventeen eligible studies were sourced. Information on the aim, sample, measures and findings of these was summarised into tables. The findings of this review support a relationship between maternal controlling parenting, general and eating psychopathology, and SES and maternal child feeding practices. The main methodological issues of the studies reviewed included inconsistency in measures of maternal variables across studies and cross‐sectional designs. We conclude that the maternal correlates associated with maternal child feeding practices are complex, and the pathways by which maternal correlates impact these feeding practices require further investigation.
Design and Rationale of the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE) Trial
Authors: Kidwell Chelsea S. , Jahan Reza , Alger Jeffry R. , Schaewe Timothy J. , Guzy Judy , Starkman Sidney , Elashoff Robert , Gornbein Jeffrey , Nenov Val , Saver Jeffrey L. ,   for the MR RESCUE Investigators
Published: September 2012

Rationale Multimodal imaging has the potential to identify acute ischaemic stroke patients most likely to benefit from late recanalization therapies. Aims The general aim of the Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy Trial is to investigate whether multimodal imaging can identify patients who will benefit substantially from mechanical embolectomy for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke up to eight-hours from symptom onset. Design Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy is a randomized, controlled, blinded-outcome clinical trial. Population studied Acute ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel intracranial internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 occlusion enrolled within eight-hours of symptom onset are eligible. The study sample size is 120 patients. Study intervention Patients are randomized to endovascular embolectomy employing the Merci Retriever (Concentric Medical, Mountain View, CA) or the Penumbra System (Penumbra, Alameda, CA) vs. standard medical care, with randomization stratified by penumbral pattern. Outcomes The primary aim of the trial is to test the hypothesis that the presence of substantial ischaemic penumbral tissue visualized on multimodal imaging (magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography) predicts patients most likely to respond to mechanical embolectomy for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke due to a large vessel, intracranial occlusion up to eight-hours from symptom onset. This hypothesis will be tested by analysing whether pretreatment imaging pattern has a significant interaction with treatment as a determinant of functional outcome based on the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin Scale measure of global disability assessed 90 days poststroke. Nested hypotheses test for ( 1 ) treatment efficacy in patients with a penumbral pattern pretreatment, and ( 2 ) absence of treatment benefit (equivalency) in patients without a penumbral pattern pretreatment. An additional aim will only be tested if the primary hypothesis of an interaction is negative: that patients treated with mechanical embolectomy have improved functional outcome vs. standard medical management.
Consumer Input for Developing Human Food Products Made with Sorghum Grain
Authors: Vázquez‐Araújo Laura , Chambers IV Edgar , Cherdchu Panat 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  Because sorghum grain has important characteristics (for example, great antioxidant profile) for introduction into the regular human diet, producers and industry aim to develop successful products using sorghum as the base. The 1st step in developing products attractive for consumers is understanding consumer needs and expectations. Conjoint analysis determines attributes which may be important or unimportant for one product. In this study, focus groups and conjoint analysis were used to establish which attributes are helpful for promoting purchase intent of sorghum grain products. Once those characteristics were chosen, a national survey was conducted to confirm the selection. During the focus groups, the heath aspects of grain products seemed to be the most appealing for consumers, whereas conjoint analysis showed that sensory attributes were the principal drivers for purchase intent.Practical Application:  The data presented in this study are essential for industry as a starting point for developing sorghum grain based food products. It is necessary to address consumers’ demands to ensure new products’ success in the market, and the present study clearly shows this consumers’ input.
Overcoming the Neglect of Social Process in Cross‐National and Comparative Criminology
Authors: Schaible Lonnie M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHow and why crime rates vary across different societal and cultural contexts has been a perennial question within criminological research. Numerous studies have emerged in recent years responding to calls for criminology to examine the cross‐cultural relevance of contemporary theory. While many of these studies have made significant advances, a great deal of work remains to be done in the development of theory, measurement, and methods. The present article examines the state of cross‐national criminological research, including a discussion of challenges in examining key theoretical questions. Promising avenues for overcoming issues with data and developing key theoretical perspectives to better assess how social processes explain cross‐national variations of crime are discussed.
Evaluation of Cardiac Phenotype in Horses with Type 1 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy
Authors: Naylor R.J. , Luis‐Fuentes V. , Livesey L. , Mobley C.B. , Henke N. , Brock K. , Fernandez‐Fuente M. , Piercy R.J. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundType 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM1), an equine glycogen storage disorder caused by a gain of function mutation (R309H) in the gene encoding glycogen synthase (GYS1), is associated with the accumulation of amylase‐resistant alpha‐crystalline polysaccharide inclusions within skeletal muscle. Several glycogenoses in humans have a cardiac phenotype, and reports exist of horses withPSSMand polysaccharide inclusions in cardiac muscle.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the hypothesis that horses with PSSM1 display a cardiac phenotype. Our objectives were to compare plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentration and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in PSSM1 homozygotes, heterozygotes, and control horses.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐fiveBelgian andPercheron horses under the same management were genotyped for theR309HGYS1mutation. From these, 8 age‐, breed‐, and sex‐matched cohorts of each genotype were identified. PlasmacTnIconcentration and incidence of cardiac arrhythmias (determined by 24‐hour HolterECG) were compared between the groups.ResultsAlthough somePSSM1‐affected horses had mildly increased plasmacTnIconcentrations, there was no significant difference incTnIconcentrations between groups. There were no significant differences in the incidence of ectopic beats, cardiac conduction intervals or mean heart rate between groups.Conclusions and clinical importanceWe found no evidence of clinically relevant cardiac myocyte injury or arrhythmias in horses withPSSM1. Additional study is required to determine whether myocardial function may be compromised in this disorder.
Cervical Vertebral Stenosis Associated with a Vertebral Arch Anomaly in the Basset Hound
Authors: De Decker S. , De Risio L. , Lowrie M. , Mauler D. , Beltran E. , Giedja A. , Kenny P.J. , Gielen I. , Garosi L. , Volk H. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo report the clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, treatment results, and histopathological findings of a previously undescribed vertebral malformation in the Basset Hound.Animals and MethodsRetrospective case series study. Eighteen Basset Hounds presented for evaluation of a suspected cervical spinal cord problem. All dogs underwent computed tomography myelography or magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical region.ResultsThirteen male and 5 female Basset Hounds between 6 months and 10.8 years of age (median: 1.4 years) were studied. Clinical signs varied from cervical hyperesthesia to nonambulatory tetraparesis. Imaging demonstrated a well‐defined and smooth hypertrophy of the dorsal lamina and spinous process of ≥2 adjacent vertebrae. Although this bony abnormality could decrease the ventrodorsal vertebral canal diameter, dorsal midline spinal cord compression was predominantly caused by ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. The articulation between C4 and C5 was most commonly affected. Three dogs were lost to follow‐up, 10 dogs underwent dorsal laminectomy, and medical management was initiated in 5 dogs. Surgery resulted in a good outcome with short hospitalization times (median: 4.5 days) in all dogs, whereas medical management produced more variable results. Histopathology confirmed ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and demonstrated the fibrocartilaginous nature of this anomaly.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDorsal lamina and spinous process hypertrophy leading to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy should be included in the differential diagnosis of Basset Hounds with cervical hyperesthesia or myelopathy. Prognosis after decompressive surgery is favorable. Although a genetic component is suspected, additional studies are needed to determine the specific etiology of this disorder.
Efficacy and safety of exenatide once‐weekly vs exenatide twice‐daily in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ji Linong , Onishi Yukiko , Ahn Chul Woo , Agarwal Pankaj , Chou Chien‐Wen , Haber Harry , Guerrettaz Kelly , Boardman Marilyn K 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo compare safety and efficacy of the extended‐release formulation exenatide once weekly (EQW) vs exenatide twice daily (EBID) for 26 weeks in type 2 diabetes patients from China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan.Materials and MethodsA randomized, comparator‐controlled, open‐label study included 681 patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] ≥7 and ≤11%) with oral antihyperglycemic medications (OAMs). Patients added 2 mg EQW or 10 μg EBID to current OAMs. Safety was re‐evaluated 10 weeks after last treatment.ResultsEQW was superior to EBID on HbA1c measures at week 26 (Least‐squares mean treatment difference: −0.31% [95% confidence interval −0.49, −0.14%]). More EQW‐treated patients achieved target HbA1c ≤7.0% (P = 0.003), ≤6.5% (P < 0.001), or ≤6.0% (P = 0.003). Fasting serum glucose reductions were greater among EQW‐treated patients (P < 0.001). Blood glucose profiles improved in both treatment groups (P < 0.001). Weight loss occurred with both treatments, but was greater with EBID. Adverse events (≥10%, either group) were nausea, injection‐site induration, dyslipidemia and vomiting. Injection‐site induration was more frequent with EQW, whereas nausea, vomiting and hypoglycemia were less frequent. One episode each of major hypoglycemia (EBID) and pancreatitis (EQW) were reported.ConclusionIn this population, EQW and EBID showed efficacious glucose and weight control; safety and tolerability were consistent with observations in non‐Asian patients. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT00917267).
Insulin degludec in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Iwamoto Yasuhiko , Clauson Per , Nishida Tomoyuki , Kaku Kohei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionInsulin degludec is an ultra‐long‐acting insulin with a flat time‐action profile and duration of action >42 h. Data from several studies have shown insulin degludec to have a favorable therapeutic profile in type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a 6‐week, parallel‐group, randomized controlled trial carried out in 65 Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes, previously treated with mealtime insulin aspart and either insulin glargine or neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin. Patients were randomized to receive either insulin degludec or insulin detemir, each once daily and at the same unit dose as pretrial basal insulin. During the trial, basal insulin was titrated according to a prespecified algorithm in order to achieve a fasting plasma glucose target of 80–109 mg/dL.ResultsNo severe hypoglycemia occurred; there was no significant difference in confirmed hypoglycemia rates with insulin degludec and insulin detemir (rate ratio degludec/detemir 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.45–1.34). The rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia was 69% lower with insulin degludec than with insulin detemir (rate ratio 0.31; 95% confidence interval 0.13–0.78). Final fasting plasma glucose levels were similar (insulin degludec 147 mg/dL, insulin detemir 136 mg/dL), despite differing baseline fasting plasma glucose levels.ConclusionsIn conclusion, no concerns relating to hypoglycemia or general safety were observed when initiating insulin degludec in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes at the same unit dose as previous basal insulin. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT00841087).
Indonesian undergraduate dental students' perceptions toward implant treatment and education
Authors: Ariani Nina , Mursid Saraventi , Odang Roselani W. , Sukotjo Cortino , Kusdhany Lindawati S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveIndonesia foresees high demand in providing dental implant therapy and need to prepare competent graduating dentists. No information about undergraduate dental implant education in Indonesia has been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to investigate dental students' perceptions towards implant treatment and education in one Indonesian dental school.MethodsA survey was distributed to 166 fourth‐ and fifth‐year students of Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia (FD‐UI). The survey consisted of 14 questions on students' perceptions on implant treatment, current undergraduate implant curriculum, and their future plans.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐one students (85%) returned the survey. Dental implant was considered as a treatment of choice for restoring missing mandibular first molar and maxillary anterior tooth, but not edentulous mandible. The majority of students rated that the topic of implant dentistry was insufficiently covered during undergraduate education, were interested in learning more, and planned to include implant as part of their future practice.ConclusionDental students of FD‐UI are aware of implant treatment as a restorative option in replacing a single missing tooth. There is a need for a nationwide discussion for introducing a comprehensive implant dentistry curriculum in undergraduate dental education in Indonesia.
Cell dynamics in cervical loop epithelium during transition from crown to root: implications for Hertwig's epithelial root sheath formation
Authors: Sakano M. , Otsu K. , Fujiwara N. , Fukumoto S. , Yamada A. , Harada H. 
Published: September 2012

Background and ObjectiveSome clinical cases of hypoplastic tooth root are congenital. Because the formation of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) is an important event for root development and growth, we have considered that understanding the HERS developmental mechanism contributes to elucidate the causal factors of the disease. To find integrant factors and phenomenon for HERS development and growth, we studied the proliferation and mobility of the cervical loop (CL).Material and MethodsWe observed the cell movement of CL by the DiI labeling and organ culture system. To examine cell proliferation, we carried out immunostaining of CL and HERS using anti‐Ki67 antibody. Cell motility in CL was observed by tooth germ slice organ culture using green fluorescent protein mouse. We also examined the expression of paxillin associated with cell movement.ResultsImaging using DiI labeling showed that, at the apex of CL, the epithelium elongated in tandem with the growth of outer enamel epithelium (OEE). Cell proliferation assay using Ki67 immunostaining showed that OEE divided more actively than inner enamel epithelium (IEE) at the onset of HERS formation. Live imaging suggested that mobility of the OEE and cells in the apex of CL were more active than in IEE. The expression of paxillin was observed strongly in OEE and the apex of CL.ConclusionThe more active growth and movement of OEE cells contributed to HERS formation after reduction of the growth of IEE. The expression pattern of paxillin was involved in the active movement of OEE and HERS. The results will contribute to understand the HERS formation mechanism and elucidate the cause of anomaly root.