bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchies of ineffabilities
Authors: Usuba Toshimichi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe study combinatorial large cardinal properties on \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {P}}_{\kappa } \lambda$\end{document}, such as ineffability, almost ineffability, subtlety, and the Shelah property. We show that, even when λ > κ, the almost ineffability of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {P}}_{\kappa } \lambda$\end{document} does not yield the ineffability of κ. We also show that the Shelah property and the partition property of \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal {P}}_{\kappa } \lambda$\end{document} do not yield the subtlety of κ.
Exfoliation of Crystalline 2D Carbon Nitride: Thin Sheets, Scrolls and Bundles via Mechanical and Chemical Routes
Authors: Bojdys Michael J. , Severin Nikolai , Rabe Jürgen P. , Cooper Andrew I. , Thomas Arne , Antonietti Markus 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe carbon nitride poly(triazine imide) with intercalated bromide ions is a layered, graphitic material of 2D covalently bonded molecular sheets with an exceptionally large gallery height of 3.52 Å due to the intercalated bromide anions. The material can be cleaved both mechanically and chemically into thin sheets and scrolls analogous to the carbon‐only systems graphite and graphene.magnified image
A bipolar functionality of Q/N‐rich proteins: Lsm4 amyloid causes clearance of yeast prions
Authors: Oishi Keita , Kurahashi Hiroshi , Pack Chan‐Gi , Sako Yasushi , Nakamura Yoshikazu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPrions are epigenetic modifiers that cause partially loss‐of‐function phenotypes of the proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The molecular chaperone network that supports prion propagation in the cell has seen a great progress in the last decade. However, the cellular machinery to activate or deactivate the prion states remains an enigma, largely due to insufficient knowledge of prion‐regulating factors. Here, we report that overexpression of a [PSI+]‐inducible Q/N‐rich protein, Lsm4, eliminates the three major prions [PSI+], [URE3], and [RNQ+]. Subcloning analysis revealed that the Q/N‐rich region of Lsm4 is responsible for the prion loss. Lsm4 formed an amyloid in vivo, which seemed to play a crucial role in the prion elimination. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analysis revealed that in the course of the Lsm4‐driven [PSI+] elimination, the [PSI+] aggregates undergo a size increase, which ultimately results in the formation of conspicuous foci in otherwise [psi−]‐like mother cells. We also found that the antiprion activity is a general property of [PSI+]‐inducible factors. These data provoked a novel “unified” model that explains both prion induction and elimination by a single scheme.
Measuring mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Marras Connie , Armstrong Melissa J. , Meaney Christopher A. , Fox Susan , Rothberg Brandon , Reginold William , Tang‐Wai David F. , Gill David , Eslinger Paul J. , Zadikoff Cindy , Kennedy Nancy , Marshall Fred J. , Mapstone Mark , Chou Kelvin L. , Persad Carol , Litvan Irene , Mast Benjamin T. , Gerstenecker Adam T. , Weintraub Sandra , Duff‐Canning Sarah 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe examined the frequency of Parkinson disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI) and its subtypes and the accuracy of 3 cognitive scales for detecting PD‐MCI using the new criteria for PD‐MCI proposed by the Movement Disorders Society. Nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease completed a clinical visit with the 3 screening tests followed 1 to 3 weeks later by neuropsychological testing. Of 139 patients, 46 met Level 2 Task Force criteria for PD‐MCI when impaired performance was based on comparisons with normative scores. Forty‐two patients (93%) had multi‐domain MCI. At the lowest cutoff levels that provided at least 80% sensitivity, specificity was 44% for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and 33% for the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease‐Cognition. The Mini‐Mental State Examination could not achieve 80% sensitivity at any cutoff score. At the highest cutoff levels that provided specificity of at least 80%, sensitivities were low (≤44%) for all tests. When decline from estimated premorbid levels was considered evidence of cognitive impairment, 110 of 139 patients were classified with PD‐MCI, and 103 (94%) had multi‐domain MCI. We observed dramatic differences in the proportion of patients who had PD‐MCI using the new Level 2 criteria, depending on whether or not decline from premorbid level of intellectual function was considered. Recommendations for methods of operationalizing decline from premorbid levels constitute an unmet need. Among the 3 screening tests examined, none of the instruments provided good combined sensitivity and specificity for PD‐MCI. Other tests recommended by the Task Force Level 1 criteria may represent better choices, and these should be the subject of future research. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Questionnaire‐based diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chahine Lama M. , Daley Joseph , Horn Stacy , Colcher Amy , Hurtig Howard , Cantor Charles , Dahodwala Nabila 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundRapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is present in around 40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Definitive diagnosis requires a polysomnogram, but that is costly, time intensive, and not practical for large‐scale studies. Therefore, we assessed using a questionnaire‐based diagnostic approach.MethodsThe patient‐administered RBD questionnaire and bed‐partner‐administered question 1 of the Mayo questionnaire were prospectively validated.ResultsSeventy‐five PD patients (51 male, 68 Hoehn and Yahr stages I and II) participated. Forty‐eight had a clinical history of RBD. Sensitivity was 100% (95% CI, 86.3%–100%) when a combination of both questionnaires was compared with the gold standard of polysomnogram‐confirmed RBD. Among those who achieved REM sleep (n = 65), specificity was highest for the patient questionnaire used alone, at 82.4% (95% CI, 64.8%–92.6%).ConclusionsA combination of patient and bed‐partner questionnaires is a useful tool to detect RBD. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Differential regulation of detoxification enzymes in hepatic and mammary tissue by hops (Humulus lupulus) in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Dietz Birgit M. , Hagos Ghenet K. , Eskra Jillian N. , Wijewickrama Gihani T. , Anderson Jeffrey R. , Nikolic Dejan , Guo Jian , Wright Brian , Chen Shao‐Nong , Pauli Guido F. , van Breemen Richard B. , Bolton Judy L. 
Published: March 2013

ScopeHops contain the phytoestrogen, 8‐prenylnaringenin, and the cytoprotective compound, xanthohumol (XH). XH induces the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H‐quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in vitro; however, the tissue distribution of XH and 8‐prenylnaringenin and their tissue‐specific activity have not been analyzed.Methods and resultsAn orally administered hop extract and subcutaneously injected XH were administered to Sprague–Dawley rats over 4 days. LC‐MS‐MS analysis of plasma, liver, and mammary gland revealed that XH accumulated in liver and mammary glands. Compared with the low level in the original extract, 8‐prenylnaringenin was enriched in the tissues. Hops and XH‐induced NQO1 in the liver, while only hops reduced NQO1 activity in the mammary gland. Mechanistic studies revealed that hops modulated NQO1 through three mechanisms. In liver cells, (i) XH modified Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein leading to nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) translocation and antioxidant response element (ARE) activation; (ii) hop‐mediated ARE induction was partially mediated through phosphorylation of Nrf2 by PKC; (iii) in breast cells, 8‐prenylnaringenin reduced NQO1 likely through binding to estrogen receptorα, recruiting Nrf2, and downregulating ARE‐regulated genes.ConclusionXH and 8‐prenylnaringenin in dietary hops are bioavailable to the target tissues. While hops and XH might be cytoprotective in the liver, 8‐prenylnaringenin seems responsible for hop‐mediated NQO1 reduction in the mammary gland.
Correlating ultrasound findings of carpal tunnel syndrome with nerve conduction studies
Authors: Kim Jae Min , Kim Min Wook , Ko Young Jin 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to make correlations between ultrasonographic measurements of thenar muscle and flexor retinaculum and nerve conduction studies (NCS) in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Ultrasound and NCS were performed on 92 wrists with CTS and on 40 wrists from healthy individuals. Ultrasound of thenar and hypothenar muscles, flexor retinaculum, and median nerve were assessed. The ultrasonographic findings were compared between the 2 groups, and correlation analyses between median latency and ultrasonographic findings were performed. Results: Motor latency correlated positively with flexor retinaculum thickness (FRT) and negatively with the ratio of thenar to hypothenar muscle. FRT and motor latency were found to be increased significantly in CTS. The ratio of thenar to hypothenar muscle was found to be decreased significantly in CTS compared with controls. Conclusions: The ultrasonographic findings of FRT and thenar muscle reflect the severity of disease in patients with CTS and are valuable for the diagnosis of CTS. Muscle Nerve 48: 905–910, 2013
Electromyographic responses of the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during incremental treadmill running
Authors: Zuniga Jorge M. , Malek Moh H. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We examined the individual patterns of responses for electromyographic (EMG) amplitude and mean power frequency (MPF) during incremental treadmill running. Methods: Nine physically active men performed incremental treadmill running at a constant grade of 1%. The EMG signal was recorded from the 3 superficial quadriceps femoris muscles during the work bout. Results: The results of the polynomial regression indicated that the linear model best fit the data for the composite data for all 3 muscles and the majority (7 of 9) of subjects. There were no consistent patterns of responses for the EMG MPF responses. Also, there were no significant (P > 0.05) muscle × running velocity interactions for EMG amplitude and MPF. Conclusions: These results indicate consistent patterns of responses for EMG amplitude during incremental treadmill running, regardless of which muscle was studied. Muscle Nerve 48: 938–944, 2013
Long‐term outcome in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy patients treated with intravenous immunoglobulin: A retrospective study
Authors: Querol Luis , Rojas‐Garcia Ricard , Casasnovas Carlos , Sedano Maria Jose , Muñoz‐Blanco Jose Luis , Alberti Maria Antonia , Paradas Carmen , Sevilla Teresa , Pardo Julio , Capablo Jose Luis , Sivera Rafael , Guerrero Antonio , Gutierrez‐Rivas Eduardo , Illa Isabel 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The objective of this retrospective study was to describe the short‐ and long‐term patterns of IVIg use, safety, and response to treatment in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Methods: Response to therapy was defined as an improvement of ≥1 point on the modified Rankin score at short‐ and mid‐term visits. Patient status at long term was classified as remission, stability, or non‐responder. Results: Eighty‐six patients were included; 60.5% responded at short term and 54.6% at mid‐term. At long term, 25.6% of patients were in remission, 65.1% were stable, and 9.3% were non‐responders. The only variable associated with remission was a better response during the first 6 months of follow‐up. Conclusions: A significant percentage of patients did not require any additional drugs in the long term. This suggests that treatment effect or disease outcome may be stable over time, and treatment regimens should therefore be individualized to avoid overtreatment. Muscle Nerve 48: 870–876, 2013
Role of TRPM2 cation channels in dorsal root ganglion of rats after experimental spinal cord injury
Authors: Naziroğlu Mustafa , Uğuz Abdülhadi Cihangir , Ismailoğlu Özgür , Çiğ Bilal , Özgül Cemil , Borcak Muhammed 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We sought to determine the contribution of oxidative stress–dependent activation of TRPM2 and L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of rats after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: The rats were divided into 4 groups: control; sham control; SCI; and SCI+nimodipine groups. The neurons of the SCI groups were also incubated with non‐specific TRPM2 channel blockers, 2‐aminoethoxydiphenylborate (2‐APB) and N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), before H2O2 stimulation. Results:The [Ca2+]i concentrations were higher in the SCI group than in the control groups, although their concentrations were decreased by nimodipine and 2‐APB. The H2O2‐induced TRPM2 current densities in patch‐clamp experiments were decreased by ACA and 2‐APB incubation. In the nimodipine group, the TRPM2 channels of neurons were not activated by H2O2 or cumene hydroperoxide. Conclusions: Increased Ca2+ influx and currents in DRG neurons after spinal injury indicated TRPM2 and voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel activation. Muscle Nerve 48: 945–950, 2013
Ultrasound diagnosis of bony nerve entrapment: Case series and literature review
Authors: Erra Carmen , Granata Giuseppe , Liotta Giovanna , Podnar Simon , Giannini Mauro , Kushlaf Hani , Hobson‐Webb Lisa D. , Leversedge Fraser J. , Martinoli Carlo , Padua Luca 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Nerve entrapment due to osseous callus formation is a rare complication after bone fracture. Electrodiagnostic studies and routine radiographic imaging often fail to demonstrate the pathology. The diagnosis is difficult and is often made incidentally upon surgical exploration. Nerve ultrasonography has not been used routinely to assess such lesions. Methods: We report 5 cases of nerve entrapment in osseous callus after fractures that occurred in 2011 and 2012. The diagnosis was made by ultrasound (US). We then performed a review of the relevant literature. Conclusions: US is becoming an invaluable tool for diagnosing peripheral nerve entrapments. The current cases suggest that nerve US should be strongly considered as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for nerve palsies developing after trauma. Muscle Nerve 48: 445–450, 2013
Creatine kinase response to high‐intensity aerobic exercise in adult‐onset muscular dystrophy
Authors: Andersen Søren P. , Sveen Marie‐Louise , Hansen Regitze S. , Madsen Karen L. , Hansen Jonas B. , Madsen Mads , Vissing John 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe investigated the effect of high‐intensity exercise on plasma creatine kinase (CK) in patients with muscular dystrophies.MethodsFourteen patients with Becker (BMD), facioscapulohumeral (FSHD), or limb‐girdle type 2 (LGMD2) muscular dystrophy, and 8 healthy subjects performed 5 cycling tests: an incremental max test, and tests at 65%, 75%, 85%, and 95% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Heart rate and oxygen consumption were measured during the tests, and plasma CK was measured before, immediately after, and 24 hours after exercise.ResultsAll subjects were able to perform high‐intensity exercise at the different levels. In patients with LGMD2 and FSHD, CK normalized 24 hours after exercise compared with the pre‐exercise value, whereas those with BMD and healthy controls had elevated CK values 24 hours after exercise.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that high‐intensity exercise is generally well tolerated in patients with LGMD2 and FSHD, whereas those with BMD may be more prone to exercise‐induced damage. Muscle Nerve 48: 897–901, 2013
Phrenic nerve stimulation protects against mechanical ventilation‐induced diaphragm dysfunction in rats
Authors: Yang Meirong , Wang Haitao , Han Guangwei , Chen Lianhua , Huang Lina , Jiang Jihong , Li Shitong 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated a novel application of phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) in diaphragm dysfunction induced by mechanical ventilation (MV). Methods: Twenty‐one Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned randomly to 3 groups: spontaneous breathing, 18‐h controlled MV, and 18‐h controlled MV with PNS. Upon completion of the experimental protocol, diaphragm contractility, gene expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and ubiquitin ligases, and serum IGF‐1 levels were analyzed. Results: Compared with the spontaneously breathing rats, impaired diaphragm contractile function, including force‐related properties and force‐frequency responses, were pronounced with MV. Furthermore, MV suppressed IGF‐1 and induced muscle ring finger 1 mRNA expression in the diaphragm. In contrast, PNS counteracted MV‐induced gene expression changes in the diaphragm and restored diaphragm function. Conclusions: PNS exerted a protective effect against MV‐induced diaphragm dysfunction by counteracting altered expression of IGF‐1 and ubiquitin ligase in the diaphragm. Muscle Nerve 48: 958–962, 2013
IGF‐I attenuates FFA‐induced activation of JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression in human subcutaneous preadipocytes
Authors: Neacsu Otilia , Cleveland Kelly , Xu Haiyan , Tchkonia Tamara T. , Kirkland James L. , Boney Charlotte M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveFree fatty acids (FFAs) are increased in visceral fat and contribute to insulin resistance through multiple mechanisms, including c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation and expression of TNFα. Given that insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1)‐mediated proliferation is impaired in omental compared to subcutaneous (SC) preadipocytes, we investigated IGF‐I anti‐inflammatory action in preadipocytes from SC and omental adipose tissue.Design and MethodsPreadipocytes isolated from abdominal SC and omental fat of obese subjects were studied in primary culture. Cells were exposed to FFAs with or without IGF‐I pretreatment followed by analysis of cytokine expression and JNK phosphorylation. Lentivirus infection was used to express a constitutively active AKT (myr‐AKT) in omental preadipocytes.ResultsFFAs increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1 in SC and omental preadipocytes. IGF‐I pretreatment reduced FFA‐induced JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression in SC but not omental preadipocytes. Treatment with the JNK1/2 inhibitor SP600125 reduced FFA‐induced expression of TNFα. FFAs and MALP‐2, a specific TLR2/6 ligand, but not specific ligands for TLR4 and TLR1/2, increased JNK1 phosphorylation. IGF‐I completely inhibited MALP‐2‐stimulated phosphorylation of JNK1. Expression of myr‐AKT in omental preadipocytes inhibited FFA‐stimulated JNK1 phosphorylation.ConclusionsIGF‐I attenuated FFA‐induced JNK1 phosphorylation and TNFα expression through activation of AKT in human subcutaneous but not omental preadipocytes.
Ascending dose‐controlled trial of beloranib, a novel obesity treatment for safety, tolerability, and weight loss in obese women
Authors: Hughes T. E. , Kim D. D. , Marjason J. , Proietto J. , Whitehead J. P. , Vath J. E. 
Published: March 2013

Objective: Evaluate the safety and tolerability of beloranib, a fumagillin‐class methionine aminopetidase‐2 (MetAP2) inhibitor, in obese women over 4 weeks.Design and Methods: Thirty‐one obese (mean BMI 38 kg/m2) women were randomized to intravenous 0.1, 0.3, or 0.9 mg/m2 beloranib or placebo twice weekly for 4 weeks (N = 7, 6, 9, and 9).Results: The most frequent AEs were headache, infusion site injury, nausea, and diarrhea. Nausea and infusion site injury occurred more with beloranib than placebo. The most common reason for discontinuation was loss of venous access. There were no clinically significant abnormal laboratory findings. In subjects completing 4 weeks, median weight loss with 0.9 mg/m2 beloranib was −3.8 kg (95% CI −5.1, −0.9; N = 8) versus −0.6 kg with placebo (−4.5, −0.1; N = 6). Weight change for 0.1 and 0.3 mg/m2 beloranib was similar to placebo. Beloranib (0.9 mg/m2) was associated with a significant 42 and 18% reduction in triglycerides and LDL‐cholesterol, as well as improvement in C‐reactive protein and reduced sense of hunger. Changes in β‐hydroxybutyrate, adiponectin, leptin, and fibroblast growth factor‐21 were consistent with the putative mechanism of MetAP2 inhibition. Glucose and blood pressure were unchanged.Conclusions: Beloranib treatment was well tolerated and associated with rapid weight loss and improvements in lipids, C‐reactive protein, and adiponectin.
Increased β‐oxidation with improved glucose uptake capacity in adipose tissue from obese after weight loss and maintenance
Authors: Bouwman Freek G. , Wang Ping , van Baak Marleen , Saris Wim H.M. , Mariman Edwin C.M. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveWe investigated protein markers for pathways of the fatty acids (FAs) and glucose metabolism in human adipose tissue after a weight loss program by calorie restriction.MethodsOverweight/obese subjects underwent an intervention of 5 weeks of a very low‐calorie diet followed by a 3‐week weight maintenance diet. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were sampled before and after the intervention. Seventeen target proteins as markers of metabolic pathways for the uptake and handling of FAs and glucose were quantified by Western blotting and 11 were retrieved from previous proteomics work. Correlation coefficients were calculated among changes of these proteins.ResultsShort‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, catalase, fatty acid translocase, fatty acid transporter protein 3, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid‐binding protein 4, aldolase‐C, tubulin‐β‐5, and annexin A2 changed significantly, and lipoprotein lipase, perilipin 1, and hormone‐sensitive lipase tended to change. On an average, increased glucose transporter type 4 translocation was observed, supported by a consistent increase of tyr‐24 phosphorylated annexin A2.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that after weight loss by calorie restriction and a short period of maintenance, adipose tissue has an increased capacity for glucose uptake, and lipid mobilization and oxidation. Such metabolic profile may relate to the health benefit of weight loss.
Effects of fructose and glucose overfeeding on hepatic insulin sensitivity and intrahepatic lipids in healthy humans
Authors: Lecoultre V. , Egli L. , Carrel G. , Theytaz F. , Kreis R. , Schneiter P. , Boss A. , Zwygart K. , Lê K‐A. , Bortolotti M. , Boesch C. , Tappy L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:To assess how intrahepatic fat and insulin resistance relate to daily fructose and energy intake during short‐term overfeeding in healthy subjects.Design and methods:The analysis of the data collected in several studies in which fasting hepatic glucose production (HGP), hepatic insulin sensitivity index (HISI), and intrahepatocellular lipids (IHCL) had been measured after both 6‐7 days on a weight‐maintenance diet (control, C; n = 55) and 6‐7 days of overfeeding with 1.5 (F1.5, n = 7), 3 (F3, n = 17), or 4 g fructose/kg/day (F4, n = 10), with 3 g glucose/kg/day (G3, n = 11), or with 30% excess energy as saturated fat (fat30%, n = 10).Results:F3, F4, G3, and fat30% all significantly increased IHCL, respectively by 113 ± 86, 102 ± 115, 59 ± 92, and 90 ± 74% as compared to C (all P < 0.05). F4 and G3 increased HGP by 16 ± 10 and 8 ± 11% (both P < 0.05), and F3 and F4 significantly decreased HISI by 20 ± 22 and 19 ± 14% (both P < 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant effect of fat30% on HGP or HISI.Conclusions:Short‐term overfeeding with fructose or glucose decreases hepatic insulin sensitivity and increases hepatic fat content. This indicates short‐term regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism by simple carbohydrates.