bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in Latino childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Patel Sunita K. , Lo Tracy T.Y. , Dennis Jessica M. , Bhatia Smita ,   In collaboration with PADRES Contra El Cáncer
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundChildren with brain tumors and leukemia are at risk for neurocognitive and behavioral late effects due to central nervous system‐directed therapies. Few studies have examined these outcomes in ethnic minority samples, despite speculation that socio‐demographic factors may increase vulnerability for adverse neurobehavioral outcomes. We evaluated the neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes and their impact on the health‐related quality of life in survivors of childhood cancer drawn from Latino families in the Los Angeles region.ProcedureUsing culturally‐relevant recruitment strategies, 73 predominantly Spanish‐speaking parents of pediatric brain tumor or leukemia survivors completed standardized questionnaires, including the Conners parent‐report and the Bidimensional Acculturation Scales. Clinical and socio‐demographic factors influencing the development of neurocognitive and behavioral dysfunction were examined.ResultsApproximately 50% of the children placed at or above the “elevated” level for difficulties with attention, school‐based learning, and peer relations. Younger age at diagnosis significantly predicted dysfunction in inattention, learning problems, and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Children whose parents were less adherent to the non‐Hispanic white culture were more likely to have problems with peer relations and executive functioning. HRQL was significantly lower in survivors with neurocognitive and behavioral dysfunction relative to those with normal range scores on the Conners scale.ConclusionsIn addition to the child's age at diagnosis, acculturation appears to predict select neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes in this socio‐demographically homogeneous sample of Latino families. Further research is needed to understand the interaction of ethnic and cultural factors with therapeutic exposures in determining the adverse neurobehavioral outcomes, so as to optimally design interventions. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1696–1702. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in pregnancy and cardiac malformations: a propensity‐score matched cohort in CPRD
Authors: Margulis Andrea V. , Abou‐Ali Adel , Strazzeri Marian M. , Ding Yulan , Kuyateh Fatmatta , Frimpong Eric Y. , Levenson Mark S. , Hammad Tarek A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeResearch on the association of maternal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use and cardiac malformations in the offspring has yielded conflicting findings. We therefore sought to further investigate the association using data from a large population‐based cohort in the UK.MethodsThe study population consisted of 149 464 pregnancies ending in a live birth between January/1996 and November/2010 from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink's Mother Baby Link. We created propensity‐score matched cohorts of first‐trimester SSRI users who did not use other antidepressants in the same gestational period (‘SSRI users’, n=3046) and non‐antidepressant users (no use from the 3 months before pregnancy through the second trimester of pregnancy, ‘non‐users’; n=8991). Weighted logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cardiac malformations overall and septal defects diagnosed in the first year of life, or in the first 6 years of life.ResultsSixteen infants with cardiac malformations were identified among SSRI users; 10 of them were septal defects. Among non‐users, there were 48 infants with cardiac malformations, 26 of whom had septal defects. The OR (95% CI) for cardiac malformations was 1.00 (0.50; 2.00), and for septal defects was 1.15 (0.46; 2.87). Results were similar for cardiac malformations diagnosed in the first 6 years of life, and in several sensitivity analyses that were also implemented.ConclusionsThe results of this study are most compatible with no association between maternal use of SSRIs in early pregnancy and cardiac malformations or septal defects in the offspring. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Benefits and Challenges of International Clinical Education from a US‐based Physiotherapist Faculty Perspective
Authors: Pechak Celia , Black Jill D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe influence of internationalization on physiotherapist education in at least North American‐based programmes has become more apparent. Faculty and students have been involved in various international activities. One category of activities includes international clinical education (ICE), where students earn clinical education credit for their learning activities at international sites. Although this educational strategy appears to be increasingly used in at least the United States and Canada, the related literature is limited in scope. The purpose of this portion of the present study was to investigate the benefits and challenges of ICE for US‐based students, US‐based physiotherapy programmes and international partners from the perspective of US‐based faculty sending students for clinical education internationally.MethodsContent analysis was used for this qualitative study. Fifteen US‐based faculty members who had experience in sending physiotherapist students for ICE were recruited. The primary researcher conducted semi‐structured phone interviews, averaging approximately 60 minutes in length. The primary and secondary researchers completed data analysis using NVivo 8 software (QSR International Inc., Cambridge, MA).ResultsBenefits of ICE to the students included exposure to alternate health systems, broadening of student perspectives and clinical competence. Challenges consisted of funding and possible language barrier. Increased visibility, expanded global perspective and faculty collaborations were benefits to the programme. Ensuring a quality learning experience was the greatest programme challenge. Benefits to the international site included education and faculty collaborations/exchanges; challenges were language, student clinical preparation and unfamiliarity with the student evaluation tool. Because the sample was limited to 15 US‐based faculty members, the results may not be relevant to all programmes inside or outside of the United States. Additionally, the study lacked perspectives from the students or international sites.Implication for Physiotherapy PracticeThe present study is an early step in the important examination of the impact of this emerging educational trend on physiotherapy education and practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing Depopulation in Rural Spain: The Impact of Immigration
Authors: Collantes Fernando , Pinilla Vicente , Sáez Luis Antonio , Silvestre Javier 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe attraction of foreign‐born immigrants to rural areas in developed countries has aroused growing interest in recent years. The central issue in this study is the demographic impact of immigration in rural Spain, focusing on depopulated areas. The economic and demographic consequences of depopulation have become major concerns, and the arrival of international migrants has come to be seen as a possible solution. The aim of this study is to add to a literature in which qualitative research and local or regional perspectives predominate. The present research draws on quantitative findings for a significant part of Spain. The evidence in this study is principally based on population figures for the last years of the 20th century, a period of low immigration to Spain, and the early years of the 21st century, when the inflow of foreign migrants gathered intensity. We also explore the early consequences of the present economic crisis, which began in 2008. The analysis is based on estimates of native and foreign‐born population growth for a range of territorial aggregations. Counterfactual techniques are also used. The results show that the arrival of immigrants has so far contributed substantially to reducing and even halting or reversing depopulation. A further series of analyses concentrates on the potential of rural areas to retain immigrants in the long run. The study also recommends a comprehensive policy approach in this regard. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrostatic pressure effect on Tc of new BiS2‐based Bi4O4S3 and NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 layered superconductors
Authors: Kalai Selvan G. , Kanagaraj M. , Esakki Muthu S. , Jha Rajveer , Awana V. P. S. , Arumugam S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigate the external hydrostatic pressure effect on the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of new layered superconductors Bi4O4S3 and NdO0.5F0.5BiS2. Though the Tc is found to have a moderate decrease from 4.8 K to 4.3 K (dTconset/dP = –0.28 K/GPa) for Bi4O4S3 superconductor, the same increases from 4.6 K to 5 K (dTconset/dP = 0.44 K/GPa) up to 1.31 GPa followed by a sudden decrease from 5 K to 4.7 K up to 1.75 GPa for NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 superconductor. The variation of Tc in these systems may be correlated to an increase or decrease of the charge carriers in the density of states under externally applied pressure. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adaptive fuzzy controller for active tuned mass damper of a benchmark tall building subjected to seismic and wind loads
Authors: Soleymani Mehdi , Khodadadi Masoud 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYActive tuned mass dampers (ATMDs) are one of the most effective solutions for mitigation of destructive effects of earthquakes and strong winds in tall buildings. In order to achieve optimal performance, these systems are designed and tuned to mitigate effect of either wind or earthquake excitation. However, due to different frequency contents and intensities of wind and earthquake excitations, which will cause contrasting structural modes stimulation, the ATMD designed for one of these disturbances may not work optimally for the other one. This paper addresses a methodological simulation approach for adaptive control design of ATMDs in tall buildings located in regions with high level of seismic activity and recurrent strong winds. For this purpose, a multi‐objective adaptive genetic‐fuzzy controller is proposed for the control of an ATMD of a benchmark 76‐story building subjected to wind load and earthquake disturbances. Simulation results reveal that the optimal ATMD designed for earthquake disturbance does not work adequately for wind load disturbance and vice versa. Furthermore, the proposed adaptive controller has superior performance in suppressing base shear and inter‐story drifts induced by wind load and earthquake excitations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical performance analysis of radio frequency fingerprinting under receiver distortions
Authors: Huang Yuanling , Zheng Hui 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRadio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is used to uniquely identify individual emitters by exploiting the radio frequency characteristics, which are originated from transmitter imperfections. The theoretical performance is analyzed to evaluate the feasibility of RFF with channel noise and receiver imperfections. The distortions from oscillators and analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) are considered, and a RFF signal model describing the discrepancies of transmitter imperfections, channel noise, and receiver distortions are constructed. A likelihood ratio test algorithm for RFF is proposed to analyze the theoretical performance. The upper and lower bound of theoretic performance is derived through the analysis of the likelihood ratio test statistic, which enlightens how to design a “just enough” receiver to meet the demands of RFF. The simulation results are in agreement with the theoretical evaluation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct power control of wind‐turbine‐driven DFIG during transient grid voltage unbalance
Authors: Shehata E. G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a direct power control (DPC) of a wind‐turbine‐driven doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) under unbalanced network voltage conditions is studied. Variations of the stator output active, reactive and electromagnetic powers are fully deduced in the presence of negative sequence supply voltage. The rotor side converter is controlled on the basis of DPC to eliminate the electromagnetic torque oscillations at double supply frequency under unbalanced stator supply. The rotor voltage references estimation requires only simple calculations without any integral operation. The proposed control scheme removes rotor current regulators and the decomposition processing of positive and negative sequence rotor currents. The performance of the proposed and conventional DPC schemes is compared under the same operating conditions. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are carried out for a 1.5 MW DFIG wind generation system to show the validity of the proposed scheme during unbalanced voltage supply. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transmutation of high‐level nuclear waste by means of accelerator driven system
Authors: Abderrahim Hamid Aït , De Bruyn Didier , Van den Eynde Gert , Michiels Sidney 
Published: June 2013

To be able to answer the worlds’ increasing demand for energy, nuclear energy must be part of the energy basket. The generation of nuclear energy produces, besides energy, also high‐level nuclear waste, which is nowadays for geological storage. Transmutation of the minor actinides and long‐lived fission products that arise from the reprocessing of the nuclear waste can reduce the radiological impact of these radioactive elements. Transmutation can be completed in an efficient way in fast neutron spectrum facilities. Both critical fast reactors and subcritical accelerator driven systems are potential candidates as dedicated transmutation systems. Nevertheless, an accelerator driven system operates in a flexible and safer manner even with a core loading containing a high amount of minor actinides leading to a high more‐efficient transmutation approach. WIREs Energy Environ 2014, 3:60–69. doi: 10.1002/wene.82This article is categorized under:

Fossil Fuels > Science and Materials
Fossil Fuels > Systems and Infrastructure
Fossil Fuels > Climate and Environment
A comprehensive analysis of the effects of the main component enzymes of cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei on biomass saccharification
Authors: Kawai Tetsushi , Nakazawa Hikaru , Ida Noriko , Okada Hirofumi , Ogasawara Wataru , Morikawa Yasushi , Kobayashi Yoshinori 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis of the effects of the component enzymes of cellulase derived from Trichoderma reesei strain PC-3-7 on biomass saccharification. We used cellulases with deleted CBH I, CBH II, or EG I, which contain all other component enzymes, for saccharification of differently pretreated biomasses of rice straw, Erianthus, eucalyptus, and Japanese cedar. We found that CBH I was the most effective in saccharification of all pretreated cellulosic biomasses, although the effect was weaker in saccharification of sulfuric acid- and hydrothermally pretreated rice straw than of others; CBH II was more effective for rice straw than for eucalyptus, and was the most effective at the early stages of biomass degradation; EG I had little effect on pretreated biomasses, in particular, it had no effect on steam-exploded Japanese cedar. Thus, the effects of the main component enzymes depend on the biomass source and pretreatment. These findings will likely help to improve cellulase for industrial use.
Influence of Solid Supports on Acyl Migration in 2‐Monoacylglycerols: Purification of 2‐MAG via Flash Chromatography
Authors: Compton David L. , Laszlo Joseph A. , Evans Kervin O. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSoybean oil 2‐monoacylglycerol (2‐MAG) was synthesized via the Novozym 435‐catalyzed ethanolysis of triacylglycerols and purified by conventional liquid–liquid extraction. The 2‐MAG was subjected to incubation at 20 and 40 °C in the presence of five solid commercial support materials, Lewatit, Silica Gel 60, Alumina–Neutral Brockman Activity 1, Amberlyst‐15, and SBA‐15, to determine their effects on acyl migration rates. Lewatit and SBA‐15 did not catalyze acyl migration rates after 144 h, while silica gel slightly increased migration rates. The more polar alumina and the cationic Amberlyst 15 significantly increased migration rates. Flash chromatography purification of 2‐MAG using silica gel as the immobile phase developed with an acetone/hexane binary gradient proved to be a comparable purification method to liquid–liquid extraction, resulting in 60 % 2‐MAG yield, no residual triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, or glycerol co‐products, and a 95 mol% 2‐MAG purity vs. 1‐MAG, demonstrating that flash chromatography did not catalyze acyl migration.
Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on enterocyte apoptosis and intracellular signalling pathways' response to oxidative stress in weaned piglets
Authors: Zhu Lihui , Cai Xuan , Guo Qi , Chen Xiaolian , Zhu Suwen , Xu Jianxiong 
Published: June 2013

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) has been widely used for preventing reactive oxygen species-induced damage. However, little is known as to whether dietary NAC supplementation would alleviate intestinal injury in weaned piglets. The present study evaluated the effect of NAC on enterocyte apoptosis and intracellular signalling pathways' response to weaning stress. The control piglets were normally suckling, and piglets in the weaning and NAC groups were fed the basal diet and basal+NAC diet from 14 to 25 d of age, respectively. Compared with the control piglets, weaning increased cortisol concentrations (P< 0·05), decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities (P< 0·05), increased malondialdehyde content (P< 0·05) in serum and enhanced enterocyte apoptosis index (AI) and concentrations of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 (P< 0·05). Gene expression analyses indicated that weaning induced apoptosis via Fas signalling and mitochondrial pathways in weaned piglets. Dietary NAC supplementation decreased (P< 0·05) cortisol concentrations and the AI, increased (P< 0·05) antioxidant status in serum and alleviated histopathological changes in the intestine. It also inhibited Fas, caspase-3, caspase-8 and integrin αvβ6 (αvβ6) gene expressions in the NAC-treated piglets. However, no significant decrease (P>0·10) in caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 concentrations was observed in the NAC group compared with the weaning group. In conclusion, weaning may induce enterocyte apoptosis via the activation of Fas-dependent and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Although NAC had no effect on caspase concentrations, it was clearly beneficial for preserving morphological integrity in weaned piglets via the regulation of cell apoptosis and the inhibition of Fas-dependent apoptosis and αvβ6 expression.
Long-term passive acoustic monitoring revealed seasonal and diel patterns of cetacean presence in the Istanbul Strait
Authors: Dede Ayhan , Öztürk Ayaka Amaha , Akamatsu Tomonari , Tonay Arda M. , Öztürk Bayram 
Published: June 2013

The Istanbul Strait (Bosphorus) is a part of the Turkish Straits System, connecting the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea. There are three cetacean species in the Strait, namely the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), the common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), and the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). To monitor the presence of the cetaceans, a fixed stereo passive acoustic monitoring system (A-tag) was deployed in the middle of the Strait from July 2009 to September 2010. In total 26,814 click trains were detected. Presence, direction and inter-click intervals of phonating cetaceans were measured. Most click trains were detected during the night time. Diel presence pattern was prominent in March and April. In spring, the cetaceans were concentrated in one specific direction from the fixed monitoring system. In contrast, they were found in all directions for the rest of the year. Short range sonar (inter-click intervals (ICIs) less than 50 ms) was commonly detected in spring. During the rest of the year ICIs could reach up to 150 ms. All these findings suggest that they were feeding or socializing in spring and mostly travelling in the other seasons. It is well known that pelagic fish such as sprat and bluefish start their migration from the Aegean Sea to the Black Sea in spring. This study suggests that the cetaceans use the middle part of the Strait for feeding on the pelagic fish in spring when the fish migration has just started.
A locally minimal, but not globally minimal, bridge position of a knot
Authors: OZAWA MAKOTO , TAKAO KAZUTO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe give a locally minimal, but not globally minimal, bridge position of a knot, that is, an unstabilized, nonminimal bridge position of a knot. It implies that a bridge position cannot always be simplified so that the bridge number monotonically decreases to the minimal.
The use of null models and partial least squares approach path modelling (PLS-PM) for investigating risk factors influencing post-weaning mortality in indoor pig farms
Authors: SERRANO E. , LÓPEZ-SORIA S. , TRINCHERA L. , SEGALÉS J. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYAlthough post-weaning mortality (PWM) in pig farming is mainly due to the effect of pathogens, farm type or swine management are also directly or indirectly involved. In this work, we used null models and the partial least squares approach (PLS) to structural equation modelling, also known as PLS path modelling (PLS-PM), to explore whether farm type, swine management and pathogens, including porcine circovirus type 2, swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Aujeszky's disease virus, directly or indirectly influenced PWM in 42 Spanish indoor pig farms. The null model analysis revealed that contact with multiple combinations of viruses could occur by chance. On the other hand, PLS-PM showed that farm characteristics do not influence virus infections, and thus neither farm type nor associated management practices shaped PWM due to pathogens. Accordingly, preventive programmes aimed at controlling PWM in intensive farming should prioritize the control of major pig pathogens.