bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial biofilms and capsular contracture in patients with breast implants
Authors: Rieger U M , Mesina J , Kalbermatten D F , Haug M , Frey H P , Pico R , Frei R , Pierer G , Lüscher N J , Trampuz A 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
It has been hypothesized that bacterial biofilms on breast implants may cause chronic inflammation leading to capsular contracture. The association between bacterial biofilms of removed implants and capsular contracture was investigated.

Methods
Breast implants explanted between 2006 and 2010 at five participating centres for plastic and reconstructive surgery were investigated by sonication. Bacterial cultures derived from sonication were correlated with patient, surgical and implant characteristics, and the degree of capsular contracture.

Results
The study included 121 breast implants from 84 patients, of which 119 originated from women and two from men undergoing gender reassignment. Some 50 breast prostheses were implanted for reconstruction, 48 for aesthetic reasons and 23 implants were used as temporary expander devices. The median indwelling time was 4·0 (range 0·1–32) years for permanent implants and 3 (range 1–6) months for temporary devices. Excluding nine implants with clinical signs of infection, sonication cultures were positive in 40 (45 per cent) of 89 permanent implants and in 12 (52 per cent) of 23 temporary devices. Analysis of permanent implants showed that a positive bacterial culture after sonication correlated with the degree of capsular contracture: Baker I, two of 11 implants; Baker II, two of ten; Baker III, nine of 23; and Baker IV, 27 of 45 (P &lt; 0·001). The most frequent organisms were Propionibacterium acnes (25 implants) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (21).

Conclusion
Sonication cultures correlated with the degree of capsular contracture, indicating the potential causative role of bacterial biofilms in the pathogenesis of capsular contracture. Registration number: NCT01138891 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Late effects of a brief psychological intervention in patients with intermittent claudication in a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cunningham M A , Swanson V , Holdsworth R J , O'Carroll R E 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The authors previously reported the early results of a trial of a brief psychological intervention to increase physical activity in patients with intermittent claudication. After 4 months, participants in the intervention group walked a mean of 1576 more steps per day than control group participants. The present study followed the original participants to determine whether this behaviour change was maintained over 2 years.

Methods
This was a randomized single-centre parallel-group trial. Fifty-eight patients newly diagnosed with intermittent claudication were assigned randomly to one of two groups. The control group (30 patients) received usual care: lifestyle advice and consultation with a vascular surgeon to agree a treatment plan. The treatment group (28) received usual care plus a brief psychological intervention designed to modify illness and walking beliefs, and develop a personalized walking action plan. The primary outcome was daily steps measured by pedometer. Secondary outcomes included revascularization rate, quality of life and perceived pain-free walking distance. Follow-up was conducted at 1 and 2 years. Between-group differences were analysed by analysis of co-variance.

Results
Participants in the brief psychological intervention group walked significantly more than those in the control group. The mean difference at 1 year was 1374 (95 per cent confidence interval 528 to 2220) steps per day and the difference at 2 years was 1630 (495 to 2765) steps per day.

Conclusion
Modifying illness and walking beliefs, and assisting patients to develop a personalized walking action plan led to increases in walking behaviour in patients with claudication that were maintained for 2 years. Registration number: ISRCTN28051878 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Aryl Ketones by Metal–Organic Framework MOF‐199 as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst
Authors: Phan Nam T. S. , Nguyen Tung T. , Ho Phuong , Nguyen Khoa D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA highly crystalline porous copper‐based metal–organic framework MOF‐199 was synthesized from the reaction of 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and copper nitrate trihydrate by a solvothermal method. The MOF‐199 was characterized by several techniques, including X‐ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform‐Infrared (FT‐IR), Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), and nitrogen physisorption measurements. The MOF‐199 proved to be an efficient catalyst for the C‐arylation of aryl iodides with acetylacetone to form α‐aryl ketones as the principal products. The catalyst can be separated from the reaction mixture by simple decantation, and be reused without significant degradation in catalytic activity. No contribution from homogeneous catalysis of active species leaching into the liquid phase was detected, confirming that the MOF‐199 is a truly heterogeneous catalyst.
Planetary Ball Mills as Innovative Reactors in Organic Synthesis Laboratory
Authors: Stolle Achim , Hopfe Wieland , Simon Wolfgang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractKugelmühlen gehören zu einer Klasse von Apparaten, die für die Zerkleinerung und Vermischung fester Stoffe in der Verfahrenstechnik angewendet werden. Die Tatsache, dass bei der Bewegung von Kugeln in den Mahlbehältern Energie auf die Reaktionsmischung übertragen wird, lässt sich für die Initiierung chemischer Reaktionen ausnutzen. Zahlreiche Beispiele aus dem Gebiet der organischen Synthesechemie zeigen die allgemeine Anwendbarkeit dieser Technik aber auch die Herausforderungen, die damit einhergehen und Potenzial für zukünftige Entwicklungen bieten.
Lignocellulose Feedstock Biorefinery Based on Alkaline Polyol Pulping
Authors: Hundt Martin , Engel Norman , Schnitzlein Michael G. , Schnitzlein Klaus 
Published: March 2013

AbstractUm Lignocellulose als nachwachsende Rohstoffquelle für die chemische Industrie zu erschließen, müssen nachhaltige Aufschlussverfahren entwickelt werden. Es wird ein neuartiger Prozess vorgestellt, mit dem nicht nur einjährige Faserpflanzen oder Laubholz, sondern auch widerstandsfähigeres Nadelholz effektiv fraktioniert werden können. Der erhaltene hochreine Zellstoff ist frei von inhibierenden Abbauprodukten und lässt sich nahezu vollständig enzymatisch hydrolysieren.
Chemical Absorption of CO2 in Helically Wound Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactors
Authors: Kaufhold Dennis , Kopf Florian , Wolff Christoph , Beutel Sascha , Hilterhaus Lutz , Hoffmann Marco , Scheper Thomas , Schlüter Michael , Liese Andreas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHohlfasermembrankontaktoren wurden bereits häufig für die physikalische und chemisch beschleunigte Absorption von CO2 getestet. Dabei bieten Kontaktoren aufgrund des hohen Oberfläche/Volumen‐Verhältnisses einige Prozessvorteile. Dennoch ist der Massentransport in kommerziell erhältlichen Hohlfasermodulen limitiert. Durch die geringen Innendurchmesser der Fasern und die niedrigen Durchflussgeschwindigkeiten ergibt sich ein laminares Strömungsprofil. Um insbesondere den grenzschichtnahen Stofftransport zu erhöhen, wurden in dieser Arbeit durch neuartige Hohlfasergeometrien gezielt Sekundärströmungen (Dean‐Wirbel) erzeugt. Zudem wurde der Einfluss des Helixdurchmessers untersucht. Mithilfe der Filmtheorie und der dimensionslosen Dean‐Zahl gelang die Vorhersage der Absorptionsraten sowohl für gerade als auch helikal geformte Hohlfasern.
3‐Hydroxyazetidine Carboxylic Acids: Non‐Proteinogenic Amino Acids for Medicinal Chemists
Authors: Glawar Andreas F. G. , Jenkinson Sarah F. , Thompson Amber L. , Nakagawa Shinpei , Kato Atsushi , Butters Terry D. , Fleet George W. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe formation from D‐glucose of both enantiomers of 2,4‐dideoxy‐2,4‐iminoribonic acid is the first chemical synthesis of unprotected 3‐hydroxyazetidine carboxylic acids. The long‐term stability of 3‐hydroxyazetidine amides is established at acidic and neutral pH and implies their value as non‐proteinogenic amino acid components of peptides, providing medicinal chemists with a new class of peptide isosteres. The structure of N,3‐O‐dibenzyl‐2,4‐dideoxy‐2,4‐imino‐D‐ribonic acid was established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. An N‐methylazetidine amide derivative is a specific inhibitor of β‐hexosaminidases at the micromolar level, and is only the second example of potent inhibition of any glycosidase by an amide of a sugar amino acid related to an iminosugar.
Multiple Rayleigh fading channels modeling based on sum‐of‐sinusoids model
Authors: Gan Yu , Wu You 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYAssessing the performance of communication system is critical in system design in mobile communication study. Numerous methodologies have been employed to facilitate the assessment, amongst which generation of multiple fading channels is widely used and thus of great interest to us. Specifically, multiple Rayleigh fading channels are extensively utilized in simulation of the following: MIMO channels, amplify‐and‐forward fading channels, frequency‐selective channels, etc. The existing model to generate Rayleigh fading channels is the sum of sinusoids (SOS). However, the SOS model is flawed, as it sometimes generates impure correlated channels. That is, a small fraction of correlated channels are generated when we anticipate uncorrelated or vice versa. In this paper, on the basis of the concept of SOS, we introduce a new computational model to generate Rayleigh channels that completely match our anticipation—fully uncorrelated or fully correlated channels. Additionally, we also propose a design method to reduce the number of sinusoids, thus we achieve reduced computational cost of the system. Simulation results and comparison analysis indicate that, with reduced computational cost, our method is able to produce pure Rayleigh fading channels— 100% uncorrelated or the opposite.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Allometric disparity in rodent evolution
Authors: Wilson Laura A. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, allometric trajectories for 51 rodent species, comprising equal representatives from each of the major clades (Ctenohystrica, Muroidea, Sciuridae), are compared in a multivariate morphospace (=allometric space) to quantify magnitudes of disparity in cranial growth. Variability in allometric trajectory patterns was compared to measures of adult disparity in each clade, and dietary habit among the examined species, which together encapsulated an ecomorphological breadth. Results indicate that the evolution of allometric trajectories in rodents is characterized by different features in sciurids compared with muroids and Ctenohystrica. Sciuridae was found to have a reduced magnitude of inter‐trajectory change and growth patterns with less variation in allometric coefficient values among members. In contrast, a greater magnitude of difference between trajectories and an increased variation in allometric coefficient values was evident for both Ctenohystrica and muroids. Ctenohystrica and muroids achieved considerably higher adult disparities than sciurids, suggesting that conservatism in allometric trajectory modification may constrain morphological diversity in rodents. The results provide support for a role of ecology (dietary habit) in the evolution of allometric trajectories in rodents.
Performance Management and Evaluation: Exploring Complementarities
Authors: Hunter David E. K. , Nielsen Steffen Bohni 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor some time now, evaluators have been trying to locate their work in relation to the emergence of performance management. Although some have rejected performance management outright as conceptually weak and simplistic, others have looked for complementarities between the two approaches to generating knowledge. The authors address these concerns and identify the emergence of complementarity below the broad constructs of evaluation and performance management writ large, instead seeing it as inhering in the approaches to measurement and monitoring employed by practitioners of these disciplines, respectively. This chapter elucidates performance management and the six key elements it requires: leaders, managers, accountability systems, performance budgeting, measuring and monitoring, and evaluation. It also indicates some of the major concerns evaluators have raised regarding the validity of knowledge produced within performance‐management approaches that do not rely on evaluations. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
The Emergence of Performance Measurement as a Complement to Evaluation Among U.S. Foundations
Authors: Boris Elizabeth T. , Kopczynski Winkler Mary 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAmerican philanthropic foundations began to foster evaluation as a force for accountability and transparency in the 1980s, followed by a focus on effective grant‐making practices by the end of the 1990s. Yet few foundations implemented internal processes to measure their own performance, or invested in evaluating their grant‐making programs. The turn of this century saw the rise of venture philanthropy, as grants became investments and achieving impact became the stated goal. Associated catchwords include strategic grant making, focused grant making, logic models, theories of change, and metrics. Although there is a sense of momentum and commitment to charting impact among some of the largest foundations, the approaches they use are diverse and the language is idiosyncratic. Few foundations support capacity building at levels that allow nonprofits to monitor performance or evaluate results, and there seems to be little recognition that these are complementary and that both are required in high‐performing foundations and nonprofits. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc., and the American Evaluation Association.
Beside the Geriatric Depression Scale: the WHO‐Five Well‐being Index as a valid screening tool for depression in nursing homes
Authors: Allgaier Antje‐Kathrin , Kramer Dietmar , Saravo Barbara , Mergl Roland , Fejtkova Sabina , Hegerl Ulrich 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to compare criterion validities of the WHO‐Five Well‐being Index (WHO‐5) and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15‐item version (GDS‐15) and 4‐item version (GDS‐4) as screening instruments for depression in nursing home residents.MethodsData from 92 residents aged 65–97 years without severe cognitive impairment (Mini Mental State Examination ≥15) were analysed. Criterion validities of the WHO‐5, the GDS‐15 and the GDS‐4 were assessed against diagnoses of major and minor depression provided by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV. Subanalyses were performed for major and minor depression. Areas under the receiver operating curve (AUCs) as well as sensitivities and specificities at optimal cut‐off points were computed.ResultsPrevalence of depressive disorder was 28.3%. The AUC value of the WHO‐5 (0.90) was similar to that of the GDS‐15 (0.82). Sensitivity of the WHO‐5 (0.92) at its optimal cut‐off of ≤12 was significantly higher than that of the GDS‐15 (0.69) at its optimal cut‐off of ≥7. The WHO‐5 was equally sensitive for the subgroups of major and minor depression (0.92), whereas the GDS‐15 was sensitive only for major depression (0.85), but not for minor depression (0.54). For specificity, there was no significant difference between WHO‐5 (0.79) and GDS‐15 (0.88), but both instruments outperformed the GDS‐4 (0.53).ConclusionsThe WHO‐5 demonstrated high sensitivity for major and minor depression. Being shorter than the GDS‐15 and superior to the GDS‐4, the WHO‐5 is a promising screening tool that could help physicians improve low recognition rates of depression in nursing home residents. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical salvage for recurrent retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Chow Velda Ling Yu , Wong Stanley Tien Sze , Wei William Ignace 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the surgical management of recurrent retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).MethodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of preoperative imaging, surgical approach, and oncological results.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2011, 82 patients were included. The mean size of the retropharyngeal lymph node on MRI was 1.6 cm, and the mean standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography (PET) scan was 6.8. All the retropharyngeal lymph nodes were resected via the maxillary swing approach. Among the resected retropharyngeal lymph nodes, 87.8% contained viable tumor cells. The rate of microscopic extracapsular spread was 30.6%. The mean follow‐up duration was 38 months. The 5‐year actuarial tumor control and the overall disease‐free survival of patients who underwent surgeries for isolated recurrent retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis was 79.6% and 59%, respectively.ConclusionA PET scan is potentially useful in diagnosing persistent or recurrent retropharyngeal lymph node after previous radiotherapy for NPC. The maxillary swing approach allows surgical resection with clear margins in order to achieve the best oncological outcome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1726–1731, 2013
Prognostic factors in limited (T1–2, N0–1) oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with surgery ± adjuvant therapy
Authors: Psychogios Georgios , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Agaimy Abbas , Koch Michael , Zenk Johannes , Waldfahrer Frank , Iro Heinrich 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundSurgical therapy for early oropharyngeal carcinoma leads to excellent oncologic results but often requires adjuvant radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors that worsen the outcome of limited oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with surgery ± adjuvant therapy.MethodsTwo hundred sixty‐six patients were retrospectively evaluated between 1980 and 2007.ResultsOverall 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 88.7% and local control (LC) was 93.3%. The univariate analysis showed a significant difference in DSS between pT1 and pT2 oropharyngeal carcinoma (DSS, 94.0% vs 81.2%; p = .008) and patients with tumor depth greater than 5 mm (DSS, 94.5% vs 78.9%; p = .031). No difference could be found as to N classification, marginal status, p16 human papillomavirus (HPV) status, type of treatment, and adjuvant radiotherapy.ConclusionPrimary surgical treatment is an effective therapy of limited oropharyngeal carcinoma. Patients with pT2 status and tumor depth of more than 5 mm show a significantly worse survival rate and should be further investigated in future clinical trials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1752–1758, 2013
Survival impact of pulmonary metastasectomy for patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Miyazaki Takuya , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Hanai Nobuhiro , Ozawa Taijirou , Hirakawa Hitoshi , Suzuki Atsushi , Okamoto Hiroki , Harata Ikuma 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival impact and prognostic factors of pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with pulmonary metastasis from head and neck cancer.MethodsA retrospective study of 69 patients was analyzed. Twenty‐four patients (35%) underwent pulmonary metastasectomy, and the remaining 45 patients (65%) were treated with chemotherapy or best supportive care.ResultsThe 1‐year overall survival (OS) of 69 patients was 28%. Pulmonary metastasectomy (p = .01) and histology (p < .001) had a significant impact on the prognosis. One‐year OS of patients who underwent metastasectomy and those who did not was 90% and 35%, respectively. In the metastasectomy group, recurrence of primary ahead of lung metastasis (p = .006) and disease‐free interval (DFI; ≤21.4 months; p = .046) were significant negative prognostic factors.ConclusionPulmonary metastasectomy has an impact on survival in carefully selected patients, especially for those with a long DFI and with no recurrence of primary cancer ahead of lung metastasis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1745–1751, 2012
SALTMED MODEL TO SIMULATE YIELD AND DRY MATTER FOR QUINOA CROP AND SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION STRATEGIES IN SOUTH ITALY
Authors: Pulvento C. , Riccardi M. , Lavini A. , D'andria R. , Ragab R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to calibrate and validate the SALTMED model with soil moisture, total dry matter and yield data of Chenopodium quinoa Willd var. Titicaca grown in a Mediterranean environment of south Italy under different irrigation strategies. For this purpose the data used were obtained from a biannual field trial (2009–2010) performed at the experimental station of the CNR––Institute for Agricultural and Forest Mediterranean Systems (ISAFoM) on the Volturno river plain, an irrigated area of southern Italy; a control irrigation treatment where water was given to restore the root zone layer (0.0– 0.36 m) to 100% of its field capacity, and two other treatments where water given represented 50 and 25% of the water volume given for the control treatment. Two water qualities were used, saline and well water.The SALTMED model was calibrated using yield, total dry matter (including roots) and soil moisture data from 100% well water treatment in 2009. After the calibration, the model was validated using the same set of crop and soil parameters. The results indicated the model's ability to simulate with good precision, soil moisture values, total dry matter and grain yield for quinoa under different irrigation strategies with saline and fresh water for a two‐year experiment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From Squashed 6‐Cycles to Steiner Triple Systems
Authors: Lindner Charles C. , Meszka Mariusz , Rosa Alexander 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSquashed 6‐cycle systems are introduced as a natural counterpart to 2‐perfect 6‐cycle systems. The spectrum for the latter has been determined previously in [5]. We determine completely the spectrum for squashed 6‐cycle systems, and also for squashed 6‐cycle packings.
The Inducibility of Graphs on Four Vertices
Authors: Hirst James 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe consider the problem of determining the maximum induced density of a graph H in any graph on n vertices. The limit of this density as n tends to infinity is called the inducibility of H. The exact value of this quantity is known only for a handful of small graphs and a specific set of complete multipartite graphs. Answering questions of Brown–Sidorenko and Exoo, we determine the inducibility of K1, 1, 2 and the paw graph. The proof is obtained using semidefinite programming techniques based on a modern language of extremal graph theory, which we describe in full detail in an accessible setting.
Myoanatomy of Myzostoma cirriferum (Annelida, Myzostomida): Implications for the evolution of the Myzostomid body plan
Authors: Helm Conrad , Weigert Anne , Mayer Georg , Bleidorn Christoph 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCover illustration. Myzostomida are an enigmatic subgroup of Annelida which diverged early during the phylogeny of annelids. Adult myzostomids show a highly specialized body plan, which lacks many of the typical annelid features. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology Helm et al. (pp. 456–466) report about an analysis of the musculature system of Myzostoma cirriferum using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy. They support the annelid affinity of myzostomids and suggest that the apparent partial radial symmetry of M. cirriferum arose secondarily in this species.