bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reformation Perspectives on Mary Magdalene from Luther to Zwingli and Calvin
Authors: Tyra Steven W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of Reformation perspectives on Mary Magdalene from Martin Luther to Huldrych Zwingli and John Calvin. It primarily focuses on varieties of Magdalene’s interpretation in continental Protestantism to the 1560s. In each case of the Lutheran, Swiss, and French Reformed schools, Mary’s story was adapted to serve the theologies and anxieties of the leaders who presented her to their evangelical flocks. The chapter cites that only Calvin managed a largely negative portrayal, and his influence on the continental Reformed community seems to have been limited even among his immediate peers. Essentially, Mary Magdalene was a difficult voice to silence, and her example continued to resonate loudly in Protestant proclamation and piety.
Regional Organizations
Authors: Debre Maria J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Do regional organizations support democratization or further authoritarian rule? Research indicates that membership in regional organizations can help consolidate democratic transitions, while more recent studies also point out the possible stabilizing effects for authoritarianism. This chapter reviews this question to synthesize what is known about the foundation, design, and effects of regional organizations. By surveying a broad set of literatures from different sub-disciplines, the chapter seeks to make three interrelated points. First, authoritarian regimes have founded many regional organizations since 1945, spanning most world regions. Second, relatively little is known about the design of authoritarian ROs, such as their institutional authority and decision-making procedures, as well as activities of ROs in security and financial matters. Third, several, often overlapping, mechanisms can explain how autocratic clubs help to sustain authoritarian rule, specifically increased domestic and international legitimation, transnational repression, and rent-seeking capacities. The chapter concludes by discussing the role of authoritarian regional organizations for the future of global governance.
Chlorophyll Degradation and Its Physiological Function
Authors: Tanaka Ayumi , Ito Hisashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Research on chlorophyll degradation has progressed significantly in recent decades. In the 1990s, the structure of linear tetrapyrrole, which is unambiguously a chlorophyll degradation product, was determined. From the 2000s until the 2010s, the major enzymes involved in chlorophyll degradation were identified, and the pheophorbide a oxygenase/phyllobilin pathway was established. This degradation pathway encompasses several steps: (i) initial conversion of chlorophyll b to 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a, (ii) conversion of 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a to chlorophyll a, (iii) dechelation of chlorophyll a to pheophytin a, (iv) dephytylation of pheophytin a to pheophorbide a, (v) opening of the macrocycle to yield a red chlorophyll catabolite (RCC) and (vi) conversion of RCC to phyllobilins. This pathway converts potentially harmful chlorophyll into safe molecules of phyllobilins, which are stored in the central vacuole of terrestrial plants. The expression of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes is mediated by various transcription factors and influenced by light conditions, stress and plant hormones. Chlorophyll degradation is differently regulated in different organs and developmental stages of plants. The initiation of chlorophyll degradation induces the further expression of chlorophyll-degrading enzymes, resulting in the acceleration of chlorophyll degradation. Chlorophyll degradation was initially considered the last reaction in senescence; however, chlorophyll degradation plays crucial roles in enhancing senescence, degrading chlorophyll–protein complexes, forming photosystem II and maintaining seed quality. Therefore, controlling chlorophyll degradation has important agricultural applications.
Molecular interactions of the chaperone CcmS and carboxysome shell protein CcmK1 that mediate β-carboxysome assembly
Authors: Cheng Jin , Li Chun-Yang , Meng Meng , Li Jian-Xun , Liu Shu-Jun , Cao Hai-Yan , Wang Ning , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Liu Lu-Ning 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The carboxysome is a natural proteinaceous organelle for carbon fixation in cyanobacteria and chemoautotrophs. It comprises hundreds of protein homologs that self-assemble to form a polyhedral shell structure to sequester cargo enzymes, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), and carbonic anhydrases. How these protein components assemble to construct a functional carboxysome is a central question in not only understanding carboxysome structure and function but also synthetic engineering of carboxysomes for biotechnological applications. Here, we determined the structure of the chaperone protein CcmS, which has recently been identified to be involved in β-carboxysome assembly, and its interactions with β-carboxysome proteins. The crystal structure at 1.99 Å resolution reveals CcmS from Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 forms a homodimer, and each CcmS monomer consists of five α-helices and four β-sheets. Biochemical assays indicate that CcmS specifically interacts with the C-terminal extension of the carboxysome shell protein CcmK1, but not the shell protein homolog CcmK2 or the carboxysome scaffolding protein CcmM. Moreover, we solved the structure of a stable complex of CcmS and the C-terminus of CcmK1 at 1.67 Å resolution and unveiled how the CcmS dimer interacts with the C-terminus of CcmK1. These findings allowed us to propose a model to illustrate CcmS-mediated β-carboxysome assembly by interacting with CcmK1 at the outer shell surface. Collectively, our study provides detailed insights into the accessory factors that drive and regulate carboxysome assembly, thereby improving our knowledge of carboxysome structure, function, and bioengineering.
Collagen VI deposition primes the glioblastoma microenvironment for invasion through mechanostimulation of β-catenin signaling
Authors: Cha Junghwa , Ding Erika A , Carvalho Emily M , Fowler Annabelle , Aghi Manish K , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While glioblastoma (GBM) progression is associated with extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion, the causal contributions of ECM secretion to invasion remain unclear. Here we investigate these contributions by combining engineered materials, proteomics, analysis of patient data, and a model of bevacizumab-resistant GBM. We find that GBM cells cultured in engineered 3D hyaluronic acid hydrogels secrete ECM prior to invasion, particularly in the absence of exogenous ECM ligands. Proteomic measurements reveal extensive secretion of collagen VI, and collagen VI-associated transcripts are correspondingly enriched in microvascular proliferation regions of human GBMs. We further show that bevacizumab-resistant GBM cells deposit more collagen VI than their responsive counterparts, which is associated with marked cell-ECM stiffening. COL6A3 deletion in GBM cells reduces invasion, β-catenin signaling, and expression of mesenchymal markers, and these effects are amplified in hypoxia. Our studies strongly implicate GBM cell-derived collagen VI in microenvironmental remodeling to facilitate invasion.
Comparing Physical Activity and Exercise Experiences, Values, and Beliefs of Latino, Latina, and/or Latine People and Non-Latino, Non-Latina, and/or Non-Latine People With Parkinson Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Colón-Semenza Cristina , Darbandsari Paria , Carolan Kelsi , Marquez David X , Gorin Amy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to examine and compare the beliefs, values, experiences, and barriers to and facilitators of exercise in Latino/a/e (Latino, Latina, and/or Latine) people and non-Latino/a/e (non-Latino, non-Latina, and/or non-Latine) people with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
This study involved a qualitative research design with data collection via focus groups of Latino/a/e and non-Latino/a/e people with PD. A semistructured interview protocol was used, and a theoretical (social ecological model) thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Results
Twenty-five individuals (15 non-Latino/a/e and 10 Latino/a/e) participated across 5 focus groups. While there were several common themes among both groups, 7 themes related to exercise in the management of PD were unique to Latino/a/e participants: generalized versus specific knowledge of exercise components; family can have both facilitating and impeding roles; finances influence access to exercise and physical therapy; prior emotional experiences related to exercise and PD affect the future use of exercise; group exercise can have both facilitating and impeding roles; availability and access to a variety of modes and stratification of exercise classes for people with PD facilitate exercise; and cultural beliefs and expectations can impede the use of exercise at the population level.

Conclusion
Latino/a/e people with PD have overlapping and unique themes related to the use of exercise. Distinctive factors must be addressed in physical activity interventions and during physical therapists’ care of people with PD to maximize the use of exercise and ultimately improve health equity in this overburdened and underserved population.

Impact
Physical therapists should provide information and education to their Latino/a/e patients with PD and family members on the frequency, intensity, type, and time of exercise and how to safely participate in physical activity in the home and community to best manage PD. Physical therapists and exercise professionals should work at the environmental level to increase access to affordable, culturally tailored, PD-specific exercise services and enhance community knowledge of PD.
The role of 25-OH vitamin D in Alzheimer’s disease through Mendelian randomization and MRI
Authors: Fu Ling-Ling , Vollkommer Tobias , Fuest Sandra , Gosau Martin , Feng Hongchao , Yan Ming , Smeets Ralf , Burg Simon , Friedrich Reinhard E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The mechanism underlying the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and minerals (serum calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc), vitamins (25-OH vitamin D, vitamin A1 [retinol], B9 [folic acid], B12, C) is unclear.

Methods
In a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis, the association between positive nutritional elements and 3935 magnetic resonance images (MRI) phenotypes was examined, and the mediation proportion was calculated. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of MR were assessed using MR-Egger, Cochran’s Q test, MR-PRESSO. RESULTS: 25-OH vitamin D (P = 0.0019, OR = 0.6179, 95% CI = 0.4562–0.8368, inverse weighted variance [IVW]) is negatively associated with AD among 10 nutrients. The mediation proportion of the effect of vitamin D on AD mediated by IDP_dMRI_TBSS_L3_Superior_fronto-occipital_fasciculus_L was ∼7.08%.

Discussion
Our results support 25-OH vitamin D as a causal protective factor for Alzheimer disease. It was found that the Superior_fronto-occipital_fasciculus_L may play a minimal mediating role.
Incidence of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis in children and adolescents in the UK and Republic of Ireland
Authors: Chia Daphne Theresa , Toms Andoni Paul , Sanghrajka Anish , Ramanan Athimalaipet V , Killeen Orla G , Ilea Cristina , Mahmood Kamran , Compeyrot-Lacassagne Sandrine , Bailey Kathryn , Martin Neil , Armon Kate , Suo Chenqu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO), also known as chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), is a rare autoinflammatory condition affecting the bones in children and teenagers. The actual incidence of CRMO remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence of CRMO in children and young people under the age of 16 years in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI). We also aimed to delineate the demographics, clinical presentation, investigations, initial management and healthcare needs for children and adolescents with CRMO.

Methods
We conducted monthly surveys among all paediatric consultants and paediatric orthopaedic surgeons to identify patients newly diagnosed with CRMO between October 2020 and November 2022. A standardized questionnaire was sent to reporting clinicians to collect further information.

Results
Over the surveillance period, 288 patients were reported, among which, 165 confirmed and 20 probable cases were included in the analysis. The highest incidences were among 8–10 year-olds. A two-to-one female-to-male difference in incidence was observed, and male patients were more likely to present with multifocal disease. A negative correlation was observed between reporting clavicular and leg pain. Investigation-wise, 80.0% of patients were reported to have undergone whole-body MRI and 51.1% had bone biopsies. The most common initial treatments were NSAIDs (93.9%) and bisphosphonates (44.8%).

Conclusion
This study estimates an average annual CRMO incidence of 0.65 cases per 100 000 children and adolescents in the UK and ROI. These findings establish a crucial baseline for ongoing research and improvement in the care of individuals with CRMO.
Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of ischaemic stroke after diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: a Norwegian nationwide register study
Authors: Kerola Anne M , Ikdahl Eirik , Engebretsen Ingrid , Bugge Christoffer , Semb Anne Grete 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
RA patients have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases, including atrial fibrillation (AF), but the impact of RA on ischaemic stroke risk in the context of AF remains unknown. We explored whether the risk of ischaemic stroke after diagnosis of AF is further increased among patients with RA compared with non-RA patients.

Methods
In the nationwide Norwegian Cardio-Rheuma Register, we evaluated cumulative incidence and hazard rate of ischaemic stroke after the first AF diagnosis (2750 individuals with RA and 158 879 without RA between 2010 and 2017) by using a competing risk model with a 3-month delayed entry.

Results
The 5-year unadjusted cumulative incidence of ischaemic stroke was 7.3% (95% CI: 5.9–8.7%) for patients with RA and 5.0% (95% CI: 4.9–5.2%) for patients without RA. Unadjusted univariate analyses indicated that AF patients with RA had a HR of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.62) for ischaemic stroke compared with those without RA. Sex- and age-adjusted HR for ischaemic stroke in RA patients with AF was 1.25 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.50), and the effect size remained unchanged after adjustment for diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment. RA patients were less likely to receive OAC treatment than non-RA patients (adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.97).

Conclusion
RA patients diagnosed with AF are at a further increased risk for stroke compared with non-RA patients with AF, and less likely to receive OAC treatment, emphasizing the need to improve stroke prevention in AF patients with RA.
On the valuation skills of corporate bond mutual funds
Authors: Cici Gjergji , Zhang Pei (Alex) 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The corporate bond market is larger, more illiquid, and presumably less efficient than the equity market. These features provide numerous profit opportunities for corporate bond mutual funds that are unique to the corporate bond market. However, whether corporate bond mutual funds have the valuation skills needed to take advantage of these opportunities is unclear. We introduce a novel measure to assess the valuation skills of investment-grade corporate bond mutual funds, which we refer to as the valuation accuracy score (VAS). VAS recognizes funds holding more underpriced and less overpriced corporate bonds as ex-ante having better valuation skills. It predicts future fund performance, is stable over time, and is unrelated to other sources of skill. Investors chase the performance of higher-VAS funds more aggressively and exhibit a convex flow–performance relation among these funds.
Impact of NPSR1 gene variation on the neural correlates of phasic and sustained fear in spider phobia—an imaging genetics and independent replication approach
Authors: Leehr Elisabeth J , Brede Leonie S , Böhnlein Joscha , Roesmann Kati , Gathmann Bettina , Herrmann Martin J , Junghöfer Markus , Schwarzmeier Hanna , Seeger Fabian R , Siminski Niklas , Straube Thomas , Klahn Anna Luisa , Weber Heike , Schiele Miriam A , Domschke Katharina , Lueken Ulrike , Dannlowski Udo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The functional neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene A/T variant (rs324981) is associated with fear processing. We investigated the impact of NPSR1 genotype on fear processing and on symptom reduction following treatment in individuals with spider phobia. A replication approach was applied [discovery sample: Münster (MS) nMS = 104; replication sample Würzburg (WZ) nWZ = 81]. Participants were genotyped for NPSR1 rs324981 [T-allele carriers (risk) versus AA homozygotes (no-risk)]. A sustained and phasic fear paradigm was applied during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A one-session virtual reality exposure treatment was conducted. Change of symptom severity from pre to post treatment and within session fear reduction were assessed. T-allele carriers in the discovery sample displayed lower anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation compared to AA homozygotes independent of condition. For sustained fear, this effect was replicated within a small cluster and medium effect size. No association with symptom reduction was found. Within-session fear reduction was negatively associated with ACC activation in T-allele carriers in the discovery sample. NPSR1 rs324981 genotype might be associated with fear processing in the ACC in spider phobia. Interpretation as potential risk-increasing function of the NPSR1 rs324981 T-allele via impaired top-down control of limbic structures remains speculative. Potential association with symptom reduction warrants further research.
Diversity and directionality: friends or foes in sustainability transitions?
Authors: Bulah Brit M , van Mierlo Barbara , Beumer Koen , Gerritsen Alwin L , Negro Simona O , Hekkert Marko P , Klerkx Laurens 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Literature on mission-specific innovation systems (MIS) highlights the crucial role of directionality when achieving sustainability transitions, while diversity literature emphasizes the need to keep diverse directions open. Like directionality, diversity is created by innovation system actors to tackle the complex and uncertain nature of transitions. While these two literature strands are presented largely independent of one another, both are deemed necessary to achieve sociotechnical transitions. We thus aim to uncover how diversity and directionality unfold in parallel in a MIS. We conduct a qualitative single-case study of the Wageningen alternative protein ecosystem to provide insights into the types of sociotechnological trajectories actors pursue and how different selection environments shape the development of each solution. We observe a mission exhibiting a clear direction toward (meat) substitutes. Underlying this mission, diversity is visible. We propose that the interplay between diversity and directionality in a MIS can be best understood by distinguishing two different sociotechnical “levels” in which they play out: the levels of transition paths (“first-order” directionality) and search directions (“second-order” directionality). We therefore call for a more nuanced understanding of the role of diversity and directionality in transitions.
Effects of turmeric, ginger, cinnamon, and garlic essential oils on HSP70, NFκB, oxidative DNA damage, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative markers in broiler chickens
Authors: Jimoh Olatunji Abubakar , Ayodele Ayoola Doris , Ojo Olayinka Abosede , Okin-Aminu Hafsat Ololade , Olarotimi Olumuyiwa Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the use of natural bioactive compounds derived from spices has garnered significant interest in poultry production due to their potential to modulate immune responses and oxidative stress. An investigation into the roles of spices essential oils (EO) on inflammatory cytokines, HSP70 and oxidative markers of broiler chickens was conducted in this study. Four spices consisting of garlic, ginger, turmeric, and cinnamon were processed to obtain their respective EO. Two hundred 1-d-old arbo acre broilers were allotted to 5 treatments consisting of B1 (control), B2 (garlic EO), B3 (ginger EO), B4 (Turmeric EO), and B5 (cinnamon EO), with EOs administered to drinking water at 30% (v/v) in a 49-d trial. Blood was sampled for assessment of hematological parameters, and serum obtained were assayed for inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant activities, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels using standard procedures. Results obtained revealed that cinnamon EO enhanced erythrocytic indices, leukocyte profile, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and interleukin 10, lowers interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), enhanced HSP70 and higher 8-OHdG levels in chicken. Garlic EO enhanced monocytes and superoxide dismutase, while reduced IFN-γ and HSP70, but increased IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) NFκB in broiler chickens. Ginger EO also enhanced erythrocytic indices, total antioxidant activity, lowered IFN-γ and lipid peroxidation, while turmeric EO enhanced total antioxidant activity, catalase and lowered IFN-γ and increased 8ohdg in broiler chickens. In conclusion, this study revealed that ginger and turmeric EO were more beneficial in preventing oxidative DNA damage, cinnamon EO enhanced serum oxidative status and lowered pro-inflammatory cytokines, while garlic EO reduced HSP70 in broiler chickens.
Effects of an Avatar-Based Simulation on Family Nurse Practitioner Students’ Self-Evaluated Suicide Prevention Knowledge and Confidence
Authors: Bryant Rebecca , Vogt Marjorie , Miller Char 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Family nurse practitioners (FNPs) are often gatekeepers and can recognize the warning signs of suicidality yet may lack adequate education or self-confidence in identifying people in crisis. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online suicide prevention simulation with 53 FNP students. Pre/post responses were found to be statistically significant across all preparedness and attitudinal items following the Kognito© training (p < .001). Online, avatar-based suicide prevention training with FNP students may be effective in improving participants’ perceived preparedness and self-confidence with patients at risk for suicidality.