bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities to Narrow Potato Yield Gaps and Increase Resource Use Efficiency in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pronk Annette A. , Gunadi Nikardi , Hermelink Marleen I. , Hengsdijk Huib , Jindo Keiji , Silva João Vasco 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsumer demand for potato in Indonesia increases while production stagnates. Government policy recognised this discrepancy and prioritised efforts to increase potato yields through farmer support programs with moderate effects to date. This study aimed to decompose potato yield gaps and identify agronomic yield constraints in West Java. Actual yield and management practices of 178 farm registrations over five consecutive growing seasons were analysed with stochastic frontier analysis. The potential yield (Yp) for each registration was simulated with the LINTUL-POTATO-DSS crop model. The overall yield gap was decomposed into its efficiency, resource and technology components. The potato yield gap was 21.5 t ha−1, corresponding to 54% of Yp. The efficiency and technology yield gaps were both ca. 10 t ha−1, corresponding to 26% of Yp, and the resource yield gap was negligible. All fields received sufficient inputs for potential production, but most inputs were used inefficiently. An early first fungicide spray after emergence and frequently spraying to control late blight increased yields significantly. The seed generation planted was critical to potato yield gaps as yield decreased significantly with older generations. Some high-yielding fields, however, were also planted with older seed generations, so other production factors contributed to the yield gap as well. Improving potato yield and reducing current yield gaps in West Java will require well-performed late blight control, the use of high-quality seed and improved management practices, which include reduced input rates.
ASL, DSC, DCE perfusion MRI and 18F-DOPA PET/CT in differentiating glioma recurrence from post-treatment changes
Authors: Moltoni Giulia , Romano Andrea , Capriotti Gabriela , Campagna Giuseppe , Ascolese Anna Maria , Romano Allegra , Dellepiane Francesco , Minniti Giuseppe , Signore Alberto , Bozzao Alessandro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo discriminate between post-treatment changes and tumor recurrence in patients affected by glioma undergoing surgery and chemoradiation with a new enhancing lesion is challenging. We aimed to evaluate the role of ASL, DSC, DCE perfusion MRI, and 18F-DOPA PET/CT in distinguishing tumor recurrence from post-treatment changes in patients with glioma.Materials and methodsWe prospectively enrolled patients with treated glioma (surgery plus chemoradiation) and a new enhancing lesion doubtful for recurrence or post-treatment changes. Each patient underwent a 1.5T MRI examination, including ASL, DSC, and DCE PWI, and an18F-DOPA PET/CT examination. For each lesion, we measured ASL-derived CBF and normalized CBF, DSC-derived rCBV, DCE-derived Ktrans, Vp, Ve, Kep, and PET/CT-derived SUV maximum. Clinical and radiological follow-up determined the diagnosis of tumor recurrence or post-treatment changes.ResultsWe evaluated 29 lesions (5 low-grade gliomas and 24 high-grade gliomas); 14 were malignancies, and 15 were post-treatment changes.CBF ASL, nCBF ASL, rCBV DSC, and PET SUVmax were associated with tumor recurrence from post-treatment changes in patients with glioma through an univariable logistic regression.Whereas the multivariable logistic regression results showed only nCBF ASL (p = 0.008) was associated with tumor recurrence from post-treatment changes in patients with glioma with OR = 22.85, CI95%: (2.28–228.77).ConclusionIn our study, ASL was the best technique, among the other two MRI PWI and the 18F-DOPA PET/CT PET, in distinguishing disease recurrence from post-treatment changes in treated glioma.
Platform cooperatives in the sharing economy: How market challengers bring change from the margins
Authors: Atanasova Aleksandrina , Eckhardt Giana M. , Laamanen Mikko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe now-mature sharing economy has not delivered on its original utopian promises. Instead of providing prosocial benefits for consumers and society, incumbent platforms dominate monopolistic markets. In this article, we study a novel business model in the sharing economy––the platform cooperative––to ask how can a responsible marketing strategy can be viable and effective for market challengers. We draw on a qualitative, ethnographic study of the lived experiences of consumers and managers in leading platform cooperatives Fairbnb and Drivers Cooperative, and find that while challengers cannot overhaul the system, they can engender change from the margins. We identify three dimensions of a change from the margins strategy in decentralizing the marketplace, shaping authentic narratives, and building institutional partnerships. We discuss implications of a responsible marketing strategy for market incumbents and challengers within the sharing economy and beyond, and for theorizing new frameworks in the marketing strategy literature.
Thermal degradation and hydrolysis depolymerization of printing ink components for plastic packaging in recycling processes: a review
Authors: Guo Jinyang , Luo Cong , Chong Zhi Kai , Alassali Ayah , Kuchta Kerstin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review covers the decomposition mechanisms of various printing ink binder resins, with a particular focus on their behavior under extrusion conditions in the mechanical recycling process of polyolefin (PO) based plastic packaging. Thermal degradation and hydrolysis of the nitrocellulose (NC) — the most used binder for flexographic surface printing on single-layer flexible plastic packaging, occur concurrently during the mechanical recycling process under 160–210 °C. For other printing ink binders, polyurethane (PU) noticeable degradation takes place between 200 and 300 °C, mostly above 250 °C. However, with the involvement of humidity, degradation by hydrolysis can start from 150 °C. A similar effect is also discovered with the cellulose acetate (CA) derivatives, which are thermally stable until 300 °C and can be hydrolyzed at 100 °C. The thermal stability of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is not influenced by humidity, with thermal stability ranging from 170 to 260 °C, depending on different types. Ultraviolet (UV)-cured acrylics are thermally stable until 400 °C. The hydrolysis degradation can take place at room temperature. Moreover, this review covers the thermal stability of different colorants used for printing ink application and elaborates on several thermal-stable alternatives of some common colors. This study further reviews how the binder resin affects the quality of recyclates, revealing it to be not only induced by the degradation of the binder resin but also by the immiscibility between the plastic and binder resin. In advanced recycling processes, mainly selective dissolution-precipitation and pyrolysis, the presence of binder resin and its degradation products could still affect the quality of the product. This review accentuates the imperative need for in-depth research to unravel the impact of printing ink constituents on the quality of recycled products.
Content of Biogenic Elements in Sheep Wool by the Regions of Slovakia
Authors: Janíček Martin , Massányi Martin , Kováčik Anton , Halo Marko , Tirpák Filip , Blaszczyk-Altman Martyna , Albrycht Marzena , Stawarz Robert , Halo Marko , Massányi Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe quality of nutrition and environmental pollution are crucial chemical indicators influencing animal health, reflected in element concentrations in animal tissues and coats. This study investigates the concentrations of biogenic elements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, copper, and iron) in sheep wool from various regions of Slovakia to compare concentrations and identify possible correlations between individual elements. Samples were collected from six different regions, and concentrations of elements were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in element levels among the examined regions. Calcium concentrations ranged from 729.2 to 4065 ppm, with the highest concentrations in the Kysuce region and the lowest in the Šariš region. Potassium concentrations ranged from 2315 to 3282 ppm, with the lowest values in the Zemplín region and the highest in the Liptov region. Magnesium, sodium, copper, and iron also exhibited varying concentrations across the regions. Correlation analysis identified significant associations between several elements. The findings suggest that regional environmental differences influence element concentrations in sheep wool, highlighting the importance of monitoring biogenic elements for assessing environmental pollution and animal health. Further research is warranted to explore the underlying mechanisms driving element accumulation in wool and its implications for animal welfare and environmental management.
Die Saat des Autoritarismus in Syrien: Der Staat der Assads vom Vater zum Sohn
Authors: Al-Abdullah Alaa 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit mittlerweile 24 Jahren und trotz des seit 2011 tobenden Bürgerkriegs in Syrien ist Bashar Al-Assad weiterhin Staatspräsident. Dieses Amt erbte er von seinem Vater Hafiz Al-Assad, zusammen mit den repressiven Regierungsinstrumenten, die Bashar Al-Assad bis heute an der Macht halten. Die Analyse erläutert, wie diese Instrumente entstanden sind und wie sie funktionieren.
Genotype-environment interaction for grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.) using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Nowosad Kamila , Rejek Dariusz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenotype-environment interaction consists of the different response of individual genotypes resulting from changing environmental conditions. Its significance is a phenomenon that makes the breeding process very difficult. On the one hand, the breeder expects stable genotypes, i.e., yielding similarly regardless of environmental conditions. On the other hand, selecting the best genotypes for each region is one of the key challenges for breeders and farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield in new maize hybrids developed by Plant Breeding Smolice Co. Ltd., utilizing the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The investigation involved 69 maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, tested across five locations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield varied from 8.76 t ha–1 (SMH_16417 in Smolice) to 16.89 t ha–1 (SMH_16043 in Płaczkowo), with a mean yield of 13.16 t ha–1. AMMI analysis identified significant effects of genotype, environment, and their interaction on grain yield. Analysis of variance indicated that 25.12% of the total variation in grain yield was due to environment factor, 35.20% to genotypic differences, and 21.18% to genotype by environmental interactions. Hybrids SMH_1706 and SMH_1707 are recommended for further breeding programs due to their high stability and superior average grain yield.
Fiber Elastomer Modified Asphalt for the Development of Resilient Porous Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Saudy Maram , Khedr Safwan , El-Badawy Sherif 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeavy rain is one of the extreme weather events which pose a variety of serious risks on transportation infrastructures. Porous asphalt pavement can be used as a sustainable solution to mitigate the effects of such heavy rains. The objective of this study was to study the potential of using fiber elastomer modifier (FEM) to produce porous asphalt mixtures of high quality and enhanced performance. This was done through an experimental program composed of three different phases. The first phase was the development and the rheological, chemical, and microstructural characterization of the FEM modified asphalt. The second phase focused on using FEM to produce porous asphalt mixtures using different techniques. The third phase was the characterization of the porous asphalt mixtures to study their anticipated performance. The FEM asphalt performance grade, PG (76-22), proved enhanced rheological properties in terms of better rutting resistance indicated by higher G*/sin δ over a wide range of temperatures and lower Jnr3.2 value of about 19% compared to the virgin asphalt and an enhanced fatigue cracking resistance manifested by the significant reduction in the fatigue cracking indicator G* sin δ with about 94%. Finally, porous asphalt mixtures were produced of an enhanced performance based on the dynamic modulus. Higher E* values at higher temperatures/lower frequencies and lower E* values at lower temperatures/higher frequencies were reported for the FEM porous asphalt mixture in reference to the, control dense-graded HMA mixture, promising an enhanced both rutting and fatigue resistances of the produced porous asphalt mixtures.
Developing quality community connections through a regional preservice teacher placement program
Authors: Murphy Steve , Acquaro Daniela , Baxter Lindy , Miles-Keogh Rebecca , Cuervo Hernan , Walker-Gibbs Bernadette 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe recruitment and retention of teachers in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia remains a persistent challenge. Greater awareness of and experience in regional, rural and remote schools is a common strategy adopted by initial teacher education providers to mediate this challenge. This paper examines the quality of connection between preservice teachers and a regional community developed through a multi-university placement program. The program adopted a multi-faceted approach to building quality community connections—fostering preservice teacher connections to a cohort of preservice teachers, to regional schools, and to a regional area. Findings suggest this tripartite approach enhanced the quality of all connections, positioning the program as a useful model for developing a pipeline of preservice teachers to regional schools struggling to find teaching staff.
Schools and the city: workforce distribution, housing and city schools
Authors: Eacott Scott , Gilbert Catherine , MacDonald Katrina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAttracting and retaining a stable supply of effective teachers is critical to the provision of schooling that meets international commitments to equity, excellence, and inclusion. Initiatives targeting school staff are predicated on the accessibility of schools for the workforce. To this point, the empirical impact of housing and transportation costs on the school education workforce has been relatively poorly understood. Based on a novel approach describing workforce distribution, our analysis of the Greater Sydney statistical area in Australia found that not only is the city unaffordable for the school education workforce, but unobserved characteristics (e.g., intergenerational wealth, housing assets, high income housemates) fill the income to cost gap. De-centring the individual, we show that the sustainability of the Sydney school education workforce is fragile and should it collapse, the consequences would be sudden and acute.
Robust asymptotic insurance-finance arbitrage
Authors: Oberpriller Katharina , Ritter Moritz , Schmidt Thorsten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the valuation of insurance contracts linked to financial markets, for example through interest rates or in equity-linked insurance products. We build upon the concept of insurance-finance arbitrage as introduced by Artzner et al. (Math Financ, 2024), extending their work by incorporating model uncertainty. This is achieved by introducing statistical uncertainty in the underlying dynamics to be represented by a set of priors $${{\mathscr {P}}}$$
P
. Within this framework we propose the notion of robust asymptotic insurance-finance arbitrage (RIFA) and characterize the absence of such strategies in terms of the new concept of $${Q}{{\mathscr {P}}}$$

Q
P

-evaluations. This nonlinear two-step evaluation ensures absence of RIFA. Moreover, it dominates all two-step evaluations, as long as we agree on the set of priors $${{\mathscr {P}}}$$
P
. Our analysis highlights the role of $${Q}{{\mathscr {P}}}$$

Q
P

-evaluations in terms of showing that all two-step evaluations are free of RIFA. Furthermore, we introduce a doubly stochastic model to address uncertainty for surrender and survival, utilizing copulas to define conditional dependence. This setting illustrates how the $${Q}{{\mathscr {P}}}$$

Q
P

-evaluation can be applied for the pricing of hybrid insurance products, highlighting the flexibility and potential of the proposed approach.
Real-Time Tunable Gas Sensing Platform Based on SnO2 Nanoparticles Activated by Blue Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Nam Gi Baek , Ryu Jung-El , Eom Tae Hoon , Kim Seung Ju , Suh Jun Min , Lee Seungmin , Choi Sungkyun , Moon Cheon Woo , Park Seon Ju , Lee Soo Min , Kim Byungsoo , Park Sung Hyuk , Yang Jin Wook , Min Sangjin , Park Sohyeon , Cho Sung Hwan , Kim Hyuk Jin , Jun Sang Eon , Lee Tae Hyung , Kim Yeong Jae , Kim Jae Young , Hong Young Joon , Shim Jong-In , Byun Hyung-Gi , Park Yongjo , Park Inkyu , Ryu Sang-Wan , Jang Ho Won 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) have gained significant interest as an activation source for gas sensors owing to their advantages, including room temperature operation and low power consumption. However, despite these benefits, challenges still exist such as a limited range of detectable gases and slow response. In this study, we present a blue μLED-integrated light-activated gas sensor array based on SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) that exhibit excellent sensitivity, tunable selectivity, and rapid detection with micro-watt level power consumption. The optimal power for μLED is observed at the highest gas response, supported by finite-difference time-domain simulation. Additionally, we first report the visible light-activated selective detection of reducing gases using noble metal-decorated SnO2 NPs. The noble metals induce catalytic interaction with reducing gases, clearly distinguishing NH3, H2, and C2H5OH. Real-time gas monitoring based on a fully hardware-implemented light-activated sensing array was demonstrated, opening up new avenues for advancements in light-activated electronic nose technologies.
Glass edges in the building industry: examination method and design approaches
Authors: Bukieda Paulina , Meyer Katharina , Engelmann Michael , Weller Bernhard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the building industry, different types of glass edges are used depending on their application and function. A widespread assumption is that the edge strength increases with the degree of optical finishing. This corresponds with the European standardisation, which targets an adjustment of the bending strength in form of edge finishing factors. Thereby the highest edge strength is set with polished edges. This article presents research which shows that the recommended edge finishing factors of annealed glass can be insufficient, particularly for the polished edge. Comparison with previous scientific studies confirms a high scatter in the edge strengths of different manufacturers. However, there are no generally valid grinding process parameters that can be associated with a high edge strength. Consequently, general edge strength values have to be questioned, as they potentially lead to safety concerns. Thus, the processes have to be investigated individually. For this purpose, an examination method with fracture tests and a microscopic defect analysis for process optimisation is introduced. Based on the results of two different edge grinding machines, the formation of defects is presented and their potential of causing early breakage is discussed. In an overall evaluation, approaches are proposed on how the manufacturing of glass edges with high edge strength can be verified and included in the design.
Unravelling superior photodegradation ability and key photoactive structures of hydrochar particle to typical emerging contaminant than corresponding bulk hydrochar from food waste
Authors: Guo Wenjing , Zhang Zhiyong , Feng Yanfang , Fang Guodong , He Shiying , Rong Shaopeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrochar from waste biomass is a promising material for removing emerging contaminants (e.g., antibiotics) in water/soil environment. Abundant small-sized hydrochar particles (HPs) with a high content of reactive functional groups and high mobility are easily released into ecosystems through hydrochar applications. However, the photodegradation ability and corresponding structures of HPs are largely unknown, which hinder accurate estimation of the remediation effect of hydrochar in ecosystems. Herein, photodegradation performance of HP towards targeted norfloxacin (NOR, a typical antibiotic) under light irradiation (visible and UV light) were investigated after adsorption processes upon release into soil/water, and its reactive species and photoactive structures were clarified and compared with those of residual bulk hydrochar (BH) comprehensively. The results showed that: (1) photodegradation percentages of HPs were 4.02 and 4.48 times higher than those of BHs under UV and visible light, in which reactive species of both HPs and BHs were ·OH and ·O2−; (2) density functional theory (DFT) results identified that the main photoactive structure of graphitic-N decreased the energy gap (Eg) of HPs, and C=O, COOH groups improved electron donating ability of BHs; (3) well-developed graphitization structure of HP resulted from higher polymerization reaction was an significant photoactive structure involving its superior photodegradation ability relative to that of BH. The distinct heterogeneities of photodegradation ability in HP and BH and underlying photoactive structures provide an in-depth understanding of hydrochar application for removing emerging contaminants in soil/water environment. Identifying photoactive structures is helpful to predict photodegradation ability of hydrochar according to their abundance.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of Five Serial Apnoeas Prior to a Running Time Trial in Competitive Athletes
Authors: Barlow Matthew John , Ross Catherine , Cockrell Remmie , Rubie Morgan , Cahill Harry , Robertson Craig , French Jamie , Elia Antonis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to determine whether a series of repeated maximal voluntary apnoeas is effective in improving subsequent time trial performance in competitive level track and field athletes.MethodsSeventeen competitive runners volunteered for this study and based on their preferred competitive distance they were placed either in the 200 m (5 male, 4 female) or 1000 m group (3 male, 5 female). On two separate occasions (≤ 7 days apart), the participants performed a running time-trial that was preceded either by: (i) a standardised warm up (WO) or (ii) a standardised warm up succeeded by five repeated maximal dry static apnoeas (WA). Splenic volume, haematology and cardiovascular parameters were monitor at rest, before and after each time-trial.ResultsWA resulted in a significantly faster performance (27.51 ± 3.49 s;P = 0.009) compared with WO (27.96 ± 3.34 s) in the 200 m group, whereas no differences were observed in the 1000 m group (WA, 211.10 ± 26.18 s; WO, 215.82 ± 25.13 s,P = 0.120). No differences were noted in splenic volume between WO and WA in either group (P ≥ 0.081). Haemoglobin was significantly elevated after breath-holding in the 200 m (+ 7 g/dL,P = 0.041) but not 1000 m group.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that five repeated maximal apnoeas are capable of significantly improving a 200 m but not a 1000 m time-trial performance in competitive track and field athletes.