bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopically assisted diaphragmatic hernia repair with mesh and a myocutaneous flap after left ventricular assist device explantation: A case report
Authors: Kawabata Kota , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Funaki Soichiro , Maeda Daisuke , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Kurokawa Yukinori , Yamamoto Kazuyoshi , Saito Takuro , Momose Kota , Yamashita Kotaro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Kubo Tateki , Shintani Yasushi , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report the case of a 32‐year‐old man who developed a giant diaphragmatic hernia following the removal of a left ventricular assist device 4 years prior due to improved cardiac function. Chest radiography revealed an intrathoracic prolapse of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient was diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia and a laparoscopy‐assisted repair was performed. A 12 × 8 cm hernia was found intraoperatively on the left diaphragm, and a large portion of the gastrointestinal tract had prolapsed into the thoracic cavity. We attempted to repair the ventromedial defect using mesh; however, it was found to be insufficient. Therefore, we used a left rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to fill the defect and sutured it to the mesh. A myocutaneous flap could be a useful strategy in cases where complete closure with mesh is difficult.
Happy facial expressions and mouse pointing enhance EFL vocabulary learning from instructional videos
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Huang Xuemei , Wen Yun , Wang Qin , Zhao Xin , Li Xiying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGiven their easy accessibility and dual‐channel model of content presentation, instructional videos have become a favoured tool for EFL vocabulary learning tool among many students. Teachers often use various nonverbal behaviours to elicit social reactions and guide learners' attention in instructional videos. The current study conducted three eye‐tracking experiments to examine the circumstances under which a teacher's happy facial expressions are beneficial in instructional videos, with or without pointing gestures and mouse pointing. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that the combination of happy facial expressions and pointing gestures attracted learners' attention to the teacher and hindered students' learning performance, regardless of the complexity of slides. Experiment 3 showed that in instructional videos with complex slides, using happy facial expressions along with mouse pointing can enhance students' learning performance. Teachers are advised to show happy facial expressions and avoid using pointing gestures when designing instructional videos.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Given easy accessibility and dual‐channel model of content presentation, instructional videos have become a favoured tool for EFL vocabulary learning.
When teachers record instructional videos while standing alongside slides, they often use nonverbal cues to support their speech.
Teachers' social and attentional cues interactively influence students' learning processes and performance.
What this paper adds

A teacher's happy facial expressions evoke more positive emotions and greater motivation in learners compared to bored expressions.
A teacher's pointing gestures, when combined with happy facial expressions, divert students' attention away from slides and towards the teacher.
A teacher's happy facial expressions enhance students' learning performance when no pointing gestures are used in videos with simple slides.
Implications for practice/policy

Teachers are advised to display happy facial expressions and avoid using pointing gestures in instructional videos, regardless of the complexity of the slides.
Practitioners should consider how to incorporate teachers' facial expressions pointing gestures and mouse pointing effectively.
Topical dorzolamide for macular holes: A randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lee Yong Min , Bahrami Bobak , Baranage Duleepa , Sivagurunathan Premala Devi , Wong Wilson , Bausili Montserrat Maria , Agrawal Surbhi , Gilhotra Jagjit Singh , Durkin Shane , Sia David , Selva Dinesh , Lake Stewart , Casson Robert J. , Chan Weng Onn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo assess topical dorzolamide as medical therapy for idiopathic full‐thickness macular holes (FTMHs).MethodsRandomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, single‐centre clinical trial involving 32 patients with idiopathic small FTMHs (<400 ). Participants in both arms used topical dorzolamide 2% or saline thrice daily for 8 weeks with monthly OCT. Those with persisting FTMH underwent vitrectomy with ILM peel and gas tamponade. The primary outcome was the rate of FTMH closure at the end of treatment.ResultsBetween 6 March 2020 and 16 June 2023, 32 eligible patients were enrolled: 16 participants in each arm. All participants in both groups were included in the final analysis. At the final visit, 3 of 16 (18.8%) patients in both the topical dorzolamide and placebo group demonstrated closure. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of FTMH closure between the control and treatment group (p = 1.00), nor statistically significant difference in the mean change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA; p = 0.909). There was no difference in the change in FTMH diameter between groups (p = 0.225). No serious adverse events were reported in either group.ConclusionTopical dorzolamide was safe but not superior to placebo in the functional and anatomical outcomes of FTMH.
Interference of default mode on attention networks in adults with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with genetic variants and treatment outcomes
Authors: Liu Lu , Chen Di , Huang Fang , Jia Tianye , Cheng Wei , Pan Meirong , Zhao Mengjie , Bu Xuan , Liao Xuhong , Wang Yufeng , Cao Miao , Qian Qiujin , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsAltered brain functional connectivity has been proposed as the neurobiological underpinnings of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the default mode interference hypothesis is one of the most popular neuropsychological models. Here, we explored whether this hypothesis is supported in adults with ADHD and the association with high‐risk genetic variants and treatment outcomes.MethodsVoxel‐based whole‐brain connectome analysis was conducted on resting‐state functional MRI data from 84 adults with ADHD and 89 healthy controls to identify functional connectivity substrates corresponding to ADHD‐related alterations. The candidate genetic variants and 12‐week cognitive behavioral therapy data were leveraged from the same population to assess these associations.ResultsWe detected breakdowns of functional connectivity in the precuneus and left middle temporal gyrus in adults with ADHD, with exact contributions from decreased connectivity within the default mode, dorsal and ventral attention networks, as well as increased connectivity among them with the middle temporal gyrus serving as a crucial ‘bridge’. Additionally, significant associations between the altered functional connectivity and genetic variants in both MAOA and MAOB were detected. Treatment restored brain function, with the amelioration of connectivity of the middle temporal gyrus, accompanied by improvements in ADHD core symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings support the interference of default mode on attention in adults with ADHD and its association with genetic risk variants and clinical management, providing insights into the underlying pathogenesis of ADHD and potential biomarkers for treatment evaluation.
Modulating neuroinflammation and cognitive function in postoperative cognitive dysfunction via CCR5‐GPCRs‐Ras‐MAPK pathway targeting with microglial EVs
Authors: Qi Zheng , Peng Junlin , Wang Haitao , Wang Li , Su Yu , Ding Lan , Cao Bin , Zhao Yingying , Xing Qinghe , Yang Jian‐jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is prevalent among the elderly, characterized primarily by cognitive decline after surgery. This study aims to explore how extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from BV2 microglial cells, with and without the C‐C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), affect neuroinflammation, neuronal integrity, and cognitive function in a POCD mouse model.MethodsWe collected EVs from LPS‐stimulated BV2 cells expressing CCR5 (EVsM1) and from BV2 cells with CCR5 knockdown (EVsM1‐CCR5). These were administered to POCD‐induced mice. Protein interactions between CCR5, G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Ras were analyzed using structure‐based docking and co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP). We assessed the phosphorylation of p38 and Erk, the expression of synaptic proteins PSD95 and MAP2, and conducted Morris Water Maze tests to evaluate cognitive function.ResultsStructure‐based docking and Co‐IP confirmed interactions between CCR5, GPR, and Ras, suggesting a CCR5‐GPCRs‐Ras‐MAPK pathway involvement in neuroinflammation. EVsM1 heightened neuroinflammation, reduced synaptic integrity, and impaired cognitive function in POCD mice. In contrast, EVsM1‐CCR5 reduced neuroinflammatory markers, preserved synaptic proteins, enhanced dendritic spine structure, and improved cognitive outcomes.ConclusionEVsM1 induced neuroinflammation via the CCR5‐GPCRs‐Ras‐MAPK pathway, with EVsM1‐CCR5 showing protective effects on POCD progression, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for POCD management via targeted modification of microglial EVs.
Landscape changes of alpine grasslands in the Zhari Namco basin of the central‐southern Qiangtang plateau, 2001–2021
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Wei , Li Wenjie , Zhang Huixin , Luo Shijia , Ran Qinghong , Qin Jianxiong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe alpine grasslands of the Qiangtang Plateau face significant ecological risks due to extensive human activities, particularly in areas along lakeshores and riverbanks, where overgrazing has caused severe degradation and salinization of the grasslands. Conducting fieldwork in such environments presents significant challenges for long‐term community‐scale landscape ecological research. In this study, the habitat characteristics of dominant plant communities in the alpine basin of Zhari Namco were quantified from three perspectives: topography, hydrology, and fractional vegetation cover. Using Aster GDEM and Landsat imagery, five grassland types were mapped for 2001–2021. Based on the spatial variables of area, shape, and distance, 13 landscape indices were selected to observe spatiotemporal changes. The results revealed several key findings: (1) The patch structure of the zonal vegetation Stipa purpurea steppe has undergone a pattern of dispersion‐aggregation‐dispersion in the past 20 years, yet the core habitat area remains unchanged by more than 52%, indicating fundamental stability in the southern Qiangtang alpine grassland; (2) Using the minimally grazed Kobresia pygmaea meadow as a reference, other communities exhibit stability similar to or approaching it, but with significant differences in aggregation level. The gradual expansion of grazing and economic activities has been a driving factor; and (3) Water conservation projects have diversified the use of water resources in river and lakeside habitats. Stipa purpurea + Carex moorcroftii steppe and Carex swamp meadow exhibit optimal carrying capacity, making them the only areas with relatively high sustainability. The study underscores that the current ecological benefits are a result of effective management. However, without proper management, the region could trend towards landscape fragmentation, becoming the most vulnerable zone in the watershed. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen retrospective analysis of grazing intensity and trend analysis of habitat changes to provide a scientific basis for local economic development and grazing management.
Semantic community query in a large‐scale attributed graph based on an attribute cohesiveness optimization strategy
Authors: Ge Jinhuan , Sun Heli , Lin Yezhi , He Liang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe task of a semantic community query is to obtain a subgraph based on a given query vertex (or vertex set) and other query parameters in an attributed graph such that belongs to , contains and satisfies a predefined community cohesiveness model. In most cases, existing community query models based on the network structure for traditional attributed networks usually lack community semantics. However, the features of vertex attributes, especially the attributes of the query vertices, which are closely related to the community semantics, are rarely considered in an attributed graph. Existing community query algorithms based on both structure cohesiveness and attribute cohesiveness usually do not take the attributes of the query vertex as an important factor of the community cohesiveness model, which leads to weak semantics of the communities. This paper proposes a semantic community query method named in a large‐scale attributed graph. First, the k‐core structure model is adopted as the structure cohesiveness of our community query model to obtain a subgraph of the original graph. Second, we define attribute cohesiveness based on the average distance between the query vertices and other vertices in terms of attributes in the community to prune the subgraph and obtain the semantic community. In order to improve the community query efficiency in large‐scale attributed graphs, applies two heuristic pruning strategies. The experimental results show that our method outperforms the existing community query methods in multiple evaluation metrics and is ideal for querying semantic communities in large‐scale attributed graphs.
Frailty predicts adverse outcomes in older patients with pulmonary embolism
Authors: Sinclair De Frías Jorge , Olivero Lorenzo , Gabela Abigail , Jaen Diana , Menser Terri , Moreno Franco Pablo 
Published: August 2024

AimThis study aims to evaluate the impact of frailty on the outcomes of older patients with pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified 288 070 patients aged 65 or older who were admitted with a primary diagnosis of PE from 2017 to 2019. Frailty was assessed using the Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS), and patients were categorized into low‐, intermediate‐, and high‐frailty‐risk groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios for all outcomes.ResultsThese patients were categorized into low‐risk (57.6%, 161 420), medium‐risk (39.9%, 111 805), and high‐risk (2.5%, 7075) groups. High‐risk patients, predominantly females with multiple comorbidities, exhibited significantly higher mortality rates and adverse outcomes. The HFRS showed a good discriminating ability in predicting mortality (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.7796). Frailty was associated with increased use of advanced therapeutic interventions and critical care resources such as thrombolysis, catheter‐directed therapies, inferior vena cava filter placement, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, and intensive care unit admission.ConclusionFrailty markedly affects outcomes in older PE patients. The HFRS offers a valuable prognostic tool in this population, suggesting that integrating frailty assessments into clinical practice could enhance care strategies and improve patient outcomes. Our findings underscore the need for further research to refine frailty‐based care paradigms. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 924–929.
Early COVID‐19 XBB.1.5 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalisation Among Adults Targeted for Vaccination, VEBIS Hospital Network, Europe, October 2023–January 2024
Authors: Antunes Liliana , Mazagatos Clara , Martínez‐Baz Iván , Naesens Reinout , Borg Maria‐Louise , Petrović Goranka , Fatukasi Terra , Jancoriene Ligita , Machado Ausenda , Oroszi Beatrix , Husa Petr , Lazar Mihaela , Dürrwald Ralf , Howard Jennifer , Melo Aryse , Pérez‐Gimeno Gloria , Castilla Jesús , Bernaert Eva , Džiugytė Aušra , Makarić Zvjezdana Lovrić , Fitzgerald Margaret , Mickienė Auksė , Gomez Verónica , Túri Gergő , Součková Lenka , Marin Alexandru , Tolksdorf Kristin , Nicolay Nathalie , Rose Angela M. C. ,   the European Hospital Vaccine Effectiveness Group
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTWe conducted a multicentre test‐negative case–control study covering the period from October 2023 to January 2024 among adult patients aged ≥ 18 years hospitalised with severe acute respiratory infection in Europe. We provide early estimates of the effectiveness of the newly adapted XBB.1.5 COVID‐19 vaccines against PCR‐confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 hospitalisation. Vaccine effectiveness was 49% overall, ranging between 69% at 14–29 days and 40% at 60–105 days post vaccination. The adapted XBB.1.5 COVID‐19 vaccines conferred protection against COVID‐19 hospitalisation in the first 3.5 months post vaccination, with VE > 70% in older adults (≥ 65 years) up to 1 month post vaccination.
The Epidemiology of Pathogens in Community‐Acquired Pneumonia Among Children in Southwest China Before, During and After COVID‐19 Non‐pharmaceutical Interventions: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Yang Ruling , Xu Hongmei , Zhang Zhenzhen , Liu Quanbo , Zhao Ruiqiu , Zheng Gaihuan , Wu Xiaoying 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the pathogen epidemiology of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) among children in Southwest China before, during and after the COVID‐19 non‐pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs).MethodsPathogen data of hospitalised children with CAP, including multiple direct immunofluorescence test for seven viruses, bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, were analysed across three phases: Phase I (pre‐NPIs: 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019), Phase II (NPI period: 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020) and Phase III (post‐NPIs: 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023).ResultsA total of 7533 cases were enrolled, including 2444, 1642 and 3447 individuals in Phases I, II and III, respectively. M. pneumoniae predominated in Phases I and III (23.4% and 35.5%, respectively). In Phase II, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) emerged as the primary pathogen (20.3%), whereas detection rates of influenza A virus (Flu A) and M. pneumoniae were at a low level (1.8% and 9.6%, respectively). In Phase III, both Flu A (15.8%) and M. pneumoniae epidemic rebounded, whereas RSV detection rate returned to Phase I level, and detection rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae decreased significantly compared to those in Phase I. Detection rates of adenovirus and parainfluenza virus type 3 decreased phase by phase. Age‐stratified analysis and monthly variations supported the above findings. Seasonal patterns of multiple pathogens were disrupted during Phases II and III.ConclusionsCOVID‐19 NPIs exhibited a distinct impact on CAP pathogen epidemic among children, with post‐NPIs increases observed in M. pneumoniae and Flu A prevalence. Continuous pathogen monitoring is crucial for effective prevention and control of paediatric CAP.
Development of a novel functional food based on ultrafine grinding and medicinal food raw materials formula
Authors: Chen Xiaodi , Chen Qiming , Li Jianing , Wang Yikai , Liu Zhanmin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMedicinal food raw materials refer to those raw materials with food and possess medicinal value. They were particularly suitable for developing novel functional food. In this study, a novel functional food based on ultrafine grinding treatment of Ganoderma, yam, wolfberry, Rhizoma polygonati, raspberry, and euryale ferox (GYWRRE) with a specifically designed formula was developed and characterized. The results were shown that the ultrafine GYWRRE powder presented a relatively regular structure and smooth surface. It had notable decreases in fluidity and oil‐holding capacity but increases in characteristic nutrient content and antioxidant capacity. The ultrafine GYWRRE powder also could prevent oxidative stress in C2C12 cells by reducing the contents of reactive oxygen species and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and increasing expressions of heme oxygenase‐1 and NQO1. The results of this study were demonstrated that medicinal food raw materials and ultrafine grinding had great applications potentials in developing functional food.Practical applicationsMedicinal food refers to those natural ingredients that serve both as food and possess medicinal value. Ultrafine grinding technology is a meticulously engineered method capable of grinding raw materials to the micron level, thereby increasing their surface area, improving their bioavailability, and potentially enhancing their medicinal properties and bioavailability. This study developed an ultrafine grinding treatment of Ganoderma, yam, wolfberry, Rhizoma polygonati, raspberry and euryale ferox (GYWRRE) with a specifically designed formula. The characteristics of the ultrafine GYWRRE powder contained particle size, morphology, colorimetry, liquidity, hydration, adsorption, and characteristic nutrients were characterized. The antioxidant capacity in vitro and in cells as well as the possible mechanism were also explored. The results of this study will be helpful for development of novel functional foods.
Estrogenic regulation of hippocampal inhibitory system across lifespan
Authors: Méndez Pablo , de la Vega‐Ruiz Rut , Montes‐Mellado Alberto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstrogens produced in peripheral tissues and locally in the brain are potent neuromodulators. The function of the hippocampus, a brain region essential for episodic memory and spatial navigation, relies on the activity of ensembles of excitatory neurons whose activity is temporally and spatially coordinated by a wide diversity of inhibitory neurons (INs) types. Over the last years, we have accumulated evidence that indicates that estrogens regulate the function of hippocampal INs through different mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and rapid nongenomic signaling. Here, we argue that the well‐documented influence of estrogens on episodic memory may be related to the actions of local and peripheral estrogens on the heterogenous populations of hippocampal INs. We discuss how physiological changes in peripheral sex hormone levels throughout lifespan may interact with local brain sources to regulate IN function at different stages of life, from early hippocampal development to the aging brain. We conclude that considering INs as mediators of sex hormone actions in the hippocampus across the healthy life span will benefit our understanding of sex‐biased neurodevelopmental disorders and physiological aging.