bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dynamic and resting endoscopy of the upper portion of the respiratory tract in 57Thoroughbred yearlings
Authors: Kelly P. G. , Reardon R. J. M. , Johnston M. S. , Pollock P. J. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryReasons for performing the studyEndoscopic examination ofThoroughbred (TB) yearlings is performed routinely to determine the suitability of horses for racing and to ensure that the conditions of sale are satisfied. However, previous research has demonstrated that resting endoscopic examination can be inaccurate in the diagnosis of functional pathology of the upper portion of the respiratory tract (URT).ObjectivesTo investigate the feasibility of performing dynamic overground endoscopy in a group ofTByearlings and to compare the results of resting and dynamic endoscopic examination of theURT.Study designProspective cohort study.MethodsResting (pre‐ and post exercise) and exercising endoscopy was performed on 57TByearlings at a single training yard. Observed abnormalities were recorded and graded. The results of resting and dynamic examination were compared.ResultsDynamic overground endoscopy was well tolerated and was performed with few complications. Laryngeal asymmetry (29 cases) was the most common abnormality identified at rest, while intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (IDDSP; 19 cases) was the most common at exercise. Significant variation in laryngeal function and variation in the occurrence ofIDDSPwas noted between examinations. Other potentially significant pathology that was not noted at rest but was present during exercise included collapse of the apex of the corniculate process, pharyngeal collapse and cricotracheal ligament collapse. The occurrence ofIDDSPat exercise was significantly associated with epiglottic structuregrade>2and a recent history of respiratory tract infection.ConclusionsDynamic overground endoscopy is safe and potentially useful when assessingURTfunction inTByearlings. Significant variations in the results of endoscopy at rest and during exercise were identified, which indicate that resting endoscopy may not be sufficient to predict the occurrence of pathology during exercise.Potential relevanceDynamic overground endoscopic examination could be considered a suitable means of assessingURTfunction inTByearlings and may provide additional pertinent information to that obtained during standard resting examination.
Two‐photon microscopy of dermal innervation in a human re‐innervated model of skin
Authors: Sevrain David , Le Grand Yann , Buhé Virginie , Jeanmaire Christine , Pauly Gilles , Carré Jean‐Luc , Misery Laurent , Lebonvallet Nicolas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWhen skin is injured, innervation can be severely disrupted. The subsequent re‐innervation processes are poorly understood notably because of the inability to image the full meandering course of nerves with their ramifications and endings from histological slices. In this letter, we report on two‐photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy of entire human skin explants re‐innervated by rodent sensory neurons labelled with the styryl dye FM1‐43. TPEF imaging of nerve fibres to a depth up to roughly 300 μm within the dermis was demonstrated, allowing three‐dimensional reconstruction of the neural tree structure. Endogenous second‐harmonic imaging of type I fibrillar collagen was performed in parallel to TPEF imaging using the same nonlinear microscope, revealing the path of the nerves through the dermis.
Cell‐surface serglycin promotes adhesion of myeloma cells to collagen type I and affects the expression of matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: Skliris Antonis , Labropoulou Vassiliki T. , Papachristou Dionysios J. , Aletras Alexios , Karamanos Nikos K. , Theocharis Achilleas D. 
Published: February 2013

Serglycin (SG) is mainly expressed by hematopoetic cells as an intracellular proteoglycan. Multiple myeloma cells constitutively secrete SG, which is also localized on the cell surface in some cell lines. In this study, SG isolated from myeloma cells was found to interact with collagen type I (Col I), which is a major bone matrix component. Notably, myeloma cells positive for cell‐surface SG (csSG) adhered significantly to Col I, compared to cells lacking csSG. Removal of csSG by treatment of the cells with chondroitinase ABC or blocking of csSG by an SG‐specific polyclonal antibody significantly reduced the adhesion of myeloma cells to Col I. Significant up‐regulation of expression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP–2 and MMP–9 at both the mRNA and protein levels was observed when culturing csSG‐positive myeloma cells on Col I‐coated dishes or in the presence of soluble Col I. MMP–9 and MMP–2 were also expressed in increased amounts by myeloma cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma. Our data indicate that csSG of myeloma cells affects key functional properties, such as adhesion to Col I and the expression of MMPs, and imply that csSG may serve as a potential prognostic factor and/or target for pharmacological interventions in multiple myeloma.
LRP1/CD91 is up‐regulated in monocytes from patients with haemophilia A: a single‐centre analysis
Authors: Franchini M. , Urbani S. , Amadei B. , Rivolta G. F. , Perna C. Di , Riccardi F. , Frattini F. , Crestani S. , Bonfanti C. , Formentini A. , Quintavalla R. , Tagliaferri A. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1 (LRP1) is an ubiquitously expressed endocytic receptor that, among its several functions, is involved in the catabolism of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) and in the regulation of its plasma concentrations. Although LRP1/CD91 polymorphisms have been associated with increased FVIII levels and a consequent thrombotic risk, no data are available on LRP1/CD91 expression in patients with inherited FVIII deficiency. With the aim of elucidating this issue, 45 consecutive patients with haemophilia A (HA) (18 severe, 5 moderate and 22 mild HA) were enrolled in this cross‐sectional, single‐centre survey. The LRP1/CD91 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in monocytes from HA patients was significantly higher than that detected in 90 healthy blood donors (105 vs. 67, P < 0.001). This over‐expression was independent of hepatitis C virus infection status and varied according to the severity of the haemophilia, being higher in patients with more severe FVIII deficiency. In conclusion, our study documents for the first time that LRP1/CD91 is over‐expressed on monocytes from HA patients, with the intensity of expression varying according to the severity of the FVIII deficiency. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical implications of these findings.
Evaluation of a nonthermal plasma needle to eliminate ex vivo biofilms in root canals of extracted human teeth
Authors: Schaudinn C. , Jaramillo D. , Freire M. O. , Sedghizadeh P. P. , Nguyen A. , Webster P. , Costerton J. W. , Jiang C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of a nonthermal plasma (NTP) at atmospheric pressure on ex vivo biofilm in root canals of extracted teeth.MethodologyIntracanal contents from three teeth with root canal infections were collected, pooled and grown in thirty‐five microCT‐mapped root canals of extracted and instrumented human teeth. One group of teeth was treated with NTP, another with 6% NaOCl and one set was left untreated. The intracanal contents from twenty‐seven teeth (nine teeth in each group) were plated on agar and colony forming units were determined. Parametric test of one‐way analysis of variance (anova) was used to analyse statistical significance. The remaining teeth were cut open, stained with LIVE/DEAD® and examined with confocal laser scanning microscopy.ResultsThe untreated root canals were covered with biofilm of varying thickness. Treatment with nonthermal plasma decreased the number of viable bacteria in biofilms by one order of magnitude, whilst the NaOCl control achieved a reduction of more than four magnitudes. Both the NTP and the NaOCl treatment results were significantly different from the negative control (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe nonthermal plasma displayed antimicrobial activity against endodontic biofilms in root canals, but was not as effective as the use of 6% NaOCl.
Nurse faculty migration: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Benton D.C. , González‐Jurado M.A. , Beneit‐Montesinos J.V. 
Published: February 2013

Background:To undertake a systematic review of English and Spanish literature relating to nurse faculty migration.Methods:A systematic review of both published literature, using CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC and MEDLINE, and grey literature, using Google and Yahoo search engines, utilizing a defined search strategy with key terms, wild card strings and logical operators, was undertaken. An initial limitation of searching for material published in the last ten years was removed due to the poor yield of relevant papers. In total, 18 research‐based studies were identified, retrieved and reviewed.Finally, the retrieved material was reviewed and augmented by a group of nurse faculty and migration experts, who offered comments and proposed additional grey literature. With increased globalization, the impact of mutual recognition agreements and associated modes of supply of services as well as those factors influencing clinical nurse migration was also considered.Results:Studies on clinical nurse migration and general academic faculty provided some insights, but nursing faculty differ in a number of key ways and this needs to be considered when interpreting the results. Based on this systematic review, the paper concludes that nurse faculty migration is a neglected topic and one that warrants urgent investigation if health systems redesign and the associated scale‐up of nurses are to be achieved. Particular gaps in knowledge relate to nurse faculty workforce planning, and understanding the dynamics and flows of faculty both across and within countries. It is unclear as to the extent to which our knowledge of push and pull factors relating to clinical nurse migration can be used in understanding nurse faculty migration.Conclusion:The current policy position of organizations such as the World Health Organization and individual governments to increase nursing numbers is incomplete without due consideration of faculty migration.
The Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale (EdFED): cross‐cultural validation of the simplified Chinese version in mainland China
Authors: Liu Wen , Watson Roger , Lou Feng‐lan 
Published: February 2013

Aims and objectives.  To translate the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale (EdFED) into simplified Chinese and to comprehensively evaluate its reliability and validity.Background.  The EdFED, the only validated instrument at present for assessing feeding difficulty in older people with dementia, is available in the original English and traditional Chinese versions, but not available in simplified Chinese. The traditional Chinese version may not be applicable in Mainland China because of linguistic and cultural differences.Design.  Survey.Methods.  The scale was translated into simplified Chinese by the cross‐culture translation method, and 102 participants with dementia were assessed. Data were collected by comprehensive methods and analysed by correlation, Mokken scaling and exploratory factor analysis.Results.  Reliability and validity were demonstrated for the scale, and a strong and reliable Mokken scale was formed by six items. A three‐factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis, and construct validity was further demonstrated by good convergent and discriminant validity.Conclusions.  The simplified Chinese version shows good reliability and validity and can be applicable to measure feeding difficulty in people with dementia in Mainland China and other Chinese cultural groups. More work is required on Mokken scaling, and a confirmatory factor analysis is needed to confirm the three‐factor structure.Relevance to clinical practice.  The validation of Ch‐EdFED has provided a validated instrument for measuring feeding difficulty in people with dementia in Chinese culture; thus, early recognition of feeding difficulty in older people with dementia can be achieved and proper interventions could be designed. Moreover, with the availability of the three different validated versions of the EdFED, research into cross‐cultural comparisons could be conducted.
The Development, Application and Implications of an EU Rule of Law in the Area of Migration Policy*
Authors: Acosta Arcarazo Diego , Geddes Andrew 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines the implications of extension of competence to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the area of immigration policy. Through analysis of the implications for Italy, France and the Netherlands of CJEU decisions on expulsion and family reunification it is shown that an EU rule of law has developed that can constrain the executive branch of Member State governments. This means that the EU can no longer be conceptualized in the area of immigration policy as merely an external venue to which Member States ‘escape’ in order to circumvent legal constraints at national level. The growing role of the CJEU forces instead a reconceptualization of the dynamics of immigration law and policy in Europe.
Predictors of Dropout from Psychosocial Treatment in Opioid‐Dependent Outpatients
Authors: McHugh R. Kathryn , Murray Heather W. , Hearon Bridget A. , Pratt Elizabeth M. , Pollack Mark H. , Safren Steven A. , Otto Michael W. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesEarly dropout is common in substance abuse treatment settings and may lead to poorer outcomes relative to those completing a full course of treatment. Attempts to identify predictors of dropout have yielded mixed results, highlighting the need for additional research in this area to clarify risk and protective factors to guide intervention and retention efforts. This study evaluated predictors of dropout from psychosocial treatment among opioid‐dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy.MethodsParticipants included 78 patients who had failed to respond to at least 4 months of methadone maintenance plus group counseling with clinic substance abuse counselors, and were enrolled in a study of randomized psychosocial treatment in addition to treatment‐as‐usual. Several factors that have been implicated in previous studies as well as two affective variables (distress intolerance and coping motives for drug use) were examined.ResultsResults indicated that when controlling for various risk factors, age was the only significant predictor of dropout, with younger patients more likely to discontinue treatment early.ConclusionsThis study replicates previous findings in opioid‐dependent samples that younger patients are at an increased risk of early treatment dropout.Conclusions and SignificanceTargeted intervention may be needed to retain young patients in drug abuse treatment. (Am J Addict 2013;22:18‐22)
A Retrospective Assessment of the Use of Naltrexone Implants for the Treatment of Problematic Amphetamine Use
Authors: Kelty Erin , Thomson Karen , Carlstein Sarah , Sinclair Rebecca , Hulse Gary 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundAt present there is no registered effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of problematic amphetamine use.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine self‐reported abstinence from amphetamines following treatment with a sustained release naltrexone preparation in patients with self and clinically identified problems with amphetamine use and the relationship between naltrexone blood levels and abstinence from amphetamines.MethodsForty‐four patients with problematic amphetamine use, who were treated with a naltrexone implant, completed an interview evaluating self‐reported reduction in amphetamine use following treatment. Additional data were collected from the patients' clinical treatment files.ResultsOf the 44 subjects, 29 (65.9%) interviewed reported that following treatment they ceased using and maintained abstinence from amphetamines for at least 1 month. Of these patients, 14 (48.3%) were reportedly still abstinent at 6 months. Rates of abstinence were found to be 2.27 times higher (95% CI 1.38–3.74) in patients when blood naltrexone levels were above 2 ng/ml, with rates as high as 100% and 90.9% for ≥5 and ≥2 ng/ml, respectively, compared with 42.9% for 1–2 ng/ml and 38.9% low less than 1 ng/ml.ConclusionsAlthough this study has several limitations, the findings provide preliminary data in support of the use of implant naltrexone for the treatment of problematic amphetamine use and suggest that naltrexone levels above 2 ng/ml should be targeted for use in patients.Scientific SignificanceData supports the use of implant naltrexone, as a treatment for problematic amphetamine use, for which there is currently no registered pharmacotherapy. However, further research is required. (Am J Addict 2013;22:1‐6)
Gender Differences in Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders among Individuals with Lifetime Exposure to Substances: Results from a Large Representative Sample
Authors: Lev‐Ran Shaul , Le Strat Yann , Imtiaz Sameer , Rehm Jürgen , Le Foll Bernard 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesResearch regarding substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) shows significant gender differences in prevalence of substance use and dependence. Though lifetime exposure to substances is higher among males, previous reports have not regarded gender differences in prevalence of SUDs among individuals formerly exposed to substances. In addition, though substance abuse is particularly important when exploring gender differences, previous reports have largely focused on rates of transition to substance dependence alone. In this study, we explored gender differences in prevalence of SUDs among individuals with lifetime exposure to substances using a single diagnostic category (abuse or dependence).MethodsWe analyzed 11 different categories of substances: heroin, cocaine, cannabis, nicotine, alcohol, hallucinogens, inhalants, sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, and amphetamines. Data were derived from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (Wave 1, n = 43,093). The impact of gender on prevalence of SUDs among individuals with lifetime exposure to substances was assessed with odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regressions and adjusted for socio‐demographic factors.ResultsOur results show that among individuals with lifetime exposure to substances, males had a significantly higher prevalence of alcohol (OR = 2.95), sedatives (OR = 2.00), cannabis (OR = 1.93), tranquilizers (OR = 1.64), opioids (OR = 1.54), hallucinogens (OR = 1.31), and cocaine (OR = 1.26) use disorders compared with females.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceUsing a single broad diagnostic category highlights gender differences in the prevalence of SUDs among individuals with former exposure to substances. Specifically, the significant gender differences found for alcohol, sedatives, and cannabis use disorders may be important for tailoring preventive measures targeted at reducing rates of SUDs among males using these substances. (Am J Addict 2012;XX:000–000) (Am J Addict 2013;22:7‐13)
Who Goes to Treatment? Predictors of Treatment Initiation among Gambling Help‐Line Callers
Authors: Ledgerwood David M. , Arfken Cynthia L. , Wiedemann Ashley , Bates Kendrich E. , Holmes Donald , Jones LaNeice 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesAlthough the consequences of problem gambling can be severe, few ever seek treatment for this disorder. Problem gambling help‐lines represent a crucial point of entry into the treatment system. Through brief telephone counseling, help‐lines have the potential of enhancing callers' motivations to engage in longer‐term treatment. We prospectively examined treatment initiation and its predictors among individuals calling a state help‐line.MethodsParticipants (n = 143) were assessed shortly after their initial call and re‐contacted at least two months later.ResultsOverall 67% of the re‐contacted help‐line callers had attended at least one treatment session at the time of the follow‐up interview (92.7% formal treatment and 28.1% peer‐support meetings). Multivariate analysis revealed that gambling‐related financial difficulties and past treatment for problem gambling (but not for mental health or substance abuse) predicted treatment initiation.Conclusions and SignificanceEnhanced counseling focusing on motivational factors may result in better treatment engagement for some problem gamblers. (Am J Addict 2013;22:33‐38)
Impulsivity and Substance Use in Young Adulthood
Authors: Shin Sunny Hyucksun , Chung Yeonseung , Jeon Sae‐Mi 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesAlthough the significant role of impulsive personality on substance use has been widely documented, distinct aspects of impulsivity and their relation to substance use during young adulthood have received scant attention. We sought to fill this research gap and explored impulsivity subtraits in relation to hazardous drinking and illicit substance use in young adulthood.MethodsThe present study used cross‐sectional survey data collected from a community sample of 257 young adults aged 18–25 (53% female). Data were primarily analyzed by three different types of regression models.ResultsWe found impulsivity to be more strongly associated with illicit substance use than hazardous drinking during young adulthood. Among the four impulsivity subtraits examined, lack of premeditation (p < .01) and sensation seeking (p < .05) were significantly related to illicit substance use in young adulthood.Conclusions and SignificanceThese findings suggest that each impulsivity subtrait might play different roles in illicit substance use during young adulthood. For young adults, assessment of differential patterns of impulsive personality in individuals with substance use problems may have important implication for treatment strategies. (Am J Addict 2013;22:39‐45)
Major Depression and PTSD in Pregnant Smokers Enrolled in Nicotine Gum Treatment Trial
Authors: Dornelas Ellen , Oncken Cheryl , Greene John , Sankey Heather Z. , Kranzler Henry R. 
Published: February 2013

Background and ObjectivesPregnant women face considerable barriers to smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and response to smoking cessation treatment in pregnant smokers participating in a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of nicotine gum.MethodsParticipants were 194 low‐income, ethnically diverse pregnant smokers.ResultsUtilizing a structured interview, 45% and 18% of the subjects met criteria for a lifetime diagnosis of MDD and PTSD, respectively. There was no difference in response to treatment, based on the presence of either of these psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsCumulatively, these findings provide evidence of the high degree of unmet mental health needs in pregnant smokers.Scientific SignificancePregnant women with a history of MDD and PTSD appear to be as likely to benefit from smoking cessation treatment as those without such a history. (Am J Addict 2013;22:54‐59)