bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,α‐norm optimal model reduction for optimal control problems subject to parabolic and hyperbolic evolution equations
Authors: Vossen G. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis paper deals with a numerical solution method for optimal control problems subject to parabolic and hyperbolic evolution equations. Firstly, the problem is semi‐discretized in space with the boundary or distributed controls as input and those parts of the discretized state appearing in the cost functional as output variables. The corresponding transfer function is then approximated optimally with respect to the 2,α‐norm providing an optimally reduced optimal control problem, which is finally solved by a first‐discretize‐then‐optimize approach. To enable the application of this reduction method, a new constrained optimal model reduction problem subject to reduced systems with real system matrices is considered. Necessary optimality conditions and a transformation procedure for the reduced system to a canonical form of real matrices are presented. The method is illustrated with numerical examples where also complicated controls with many bang‐bang arcs are investigated. The approximation quality of the optimal control and its correlation to the decay rate of the Hankel singular values of the system are numerically studied. A comparison to the approach of using Balanced Truncation for model reduction is applied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Routine screening for suicidal intention in patients with cancer
Authors: Leung Yvonne W. , Li Madeline , Devins Gerald , Zimmermann Camilla , Rydall Anne , Lo Chris , Rodin Gary 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesSuicide rates are elevated in individuals with cancer, although suicidal intention is not typically assessed in cancer centers. We evaluated in a large comprehensive cancer center the utility of an electronic Distress Assessment and Response Tool (DART), in which suicidal intention is assessed with a single item.MethodsPatients attending cancer clinics completed DART as part of routine care. DART includes measures of physical symptoms, depression, anxiety, social difficulties, and practical concerns. Medical variables were obtained from the Princess Margaret Cancer Registry, the data warehouse of cancer patient statistics. A Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was used to assess factors associated with suicidal intention.ResultsBetween September 2009 and March 2012, 4822/5461 patients (88.3%) who completed DART consented to the use of their data for research. Amongst the latter, 280 (5.9%) of the 4775 patients who answered the question reported suicidal ideation, which was related to physical and psychological distress, and social difficulties (ps < 0.0001). Amongst those with ideation who responded to the intention question, 20/186 (10.8%) reported suicidal intention. Of respondents with more severe suicidal ideation, 12/49 (24.5%) reported suicidal intention. Using a GEE model, suicidal intention in those with ideation was significantly associated with male sex, difficulty making treatment decisions, and with everyday living concerns.ConclusionsSuicidal ideation is reported on an electronic distress screening tool (DART) by almost 6% of cancer patients, of whom almost 11% report suicidal intention and 33% decline to indicate intention. DART demonstrated utility in identifying patients who may be at highest risk of completed suicide and who require urgent clinical assessment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial benefits of a novel mindfulness intervention versus standard support in distressed women with breast cancer
Authors: Monti Daniel A. , Kash Kathryn M. , Kunkel Elisabeth J. , Moss Aleeze , Mathews Michael , Brainard George , Anne Ranni , Leiby Benjamin E. , Pequinot Edward , Newberg Andrew B. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveIt is well documented that stress is associated with negative health outcomes in cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a novel mindfulness intervention called mindfulness‐based art therapy (MBAT) versus standard educational support, on indices of stress and quality of life in breast cancer patients with high stress levels.MethodsA total of 191 women were enrolled, stratified by age and stress level, and randomized to receive either an 8‐week MBAT intervention or a breast cancer educational support program of equal time and duration. Psychosocial stress was measured using the Symptoms Checklist‐90‐Revised, and quality of life was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form Health Survey at baseline, immediately post‐intervention, and at 6 months.ResultsResults showed overall significant improvements in psychosocial stress and quality of life in both the MBAT and educational support groups immediately post‐intervention; however, participants with high stress levels at baseline had significantly improved overall outcomes only in the MBAT group, both immediately post‐intervention and at 6 months. In addition, at 6 months follow‐up, participants attending five or more sessions trended toward retaining treatment effects better in the MBAT than in the control group. Finally, black women and white women were similar in terms of how they benefited from the MBAT intervention, even though white participants tended to have higher educational level and marital status.ConclusionsIn conclusion, MBAT is associated with significant, sustained benefits across a diverse range of breast cancer patients, particularly those with high stress levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Si substrate preparation for the VS and VLS growth of InAs nanowires
Authors: Rieger Torsten , Grützmacher Detlev , Lepsa Mihail Ion 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe growth of self‐catalyzed InAs nanowires on Si(111) substrates via vapour–solid (VS) and vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanisms is investigated using molecular beam epitaxy. For both mechanisms, the substrate preparation plays a crucial role. In this context, the required thin oxide layer for the VS growth of the nanowires is obtained by treating the HF‐cleaned Si substrate with hydrogen peroxide. For the VLS growth, Ga is predeposited on the unprocessed Si substrate. The Ga forms droplets, which etch the native oxide and create the necessary pinholes.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Silicon nanowires – a versatile technology platform
Authors: Mikolajick Thomas , Heinzig André , Trommer Jens , Pregl Sebastian , Grube Matthias , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Weber Walter M. 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageSilicon nanowires offer unique properties like inherent small diameters, quasi‐one‐dimensional current transport and the flexibility to combine materials that cannot be combined in bulk or thin film structures. Based on these properties electron devices, sensors as well as solar cells and lithium batteries can be envisioned that significantly outperform their thin film or bulk counterparts. The possibility to form silicon nanowires in a top–down process using bulk silicon or silicon‐on‐insulator substrates, gives this technology the potential for a seamless integration into integrated electronic systems. This Review gives an overview of important device applications of silicon nanowires. Starting with nanowire fabrication, the different device concepts will be introduced and their most important features are reported.magnified imageIllustration of silicon nanowire formation and application in a reconfigurable device.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Set membership inversion and robust control from data of nonlinear systems
Authors: Novara C. , Canale M. , Milanese M. , Signorile M. C. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYA set membership method for right inversion of nonlinear systems from data is proposed in the paper. Both the cases where the system to invert is known or unknown and therefore identified from data are addressed. The method does not require the invertibility of the regression function describing the system and ensures tight bounds on the inversion error. In the case of unknown system, the method allows the derivation of a robust right‐inverse, guaranteeing the inversion error bound for all the systems belonging to the uncertainty set which can be defined from the available prior and experimental information. Based on such a set membership inversion, two methods for robust control of nonlinear systems from data are introduced: nonlinear feed‐forward control (NFFC) and nonlinear internal model control (NIMC). Both the design methods ensure robust stability and bounded tracking errors for all the systems belonging to the involved uncertainty set. Two applicative examples of robust control from data are presented: NFFC control of semi‐active suspension systems and NIMC control of vehicle lateral dynamics.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of the straightness measurements on rough surfaces by Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Hennebelle F. , Coorevits T. , Bigerelle M. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe straightness error of a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is determined by measuring a rule standard. Thanks to a reversal technique, the straightness uncertainty of the CMM is theoretically dissociated from the straightness uncertainty of the rule. However, stochastic variations of the whole measurement system involve uncertainties of the CMM straightness error. To quantify these uncertainties, different sources of stochastic variations are listed with their associated probability density functions. Then Monte Carlo methods are performed first to quantify error and secondly to optimize measurement protocol. It is shown that a 5‐measurement distance from 0.1 mm to each measurement coordinate allows a double reduction of uncertainties, principally due to the rule roughness amplitude (Ra = 0.35 µm) and because this optimal distance of 0.1 mm is equal to the autocorrelation length of the rule roughness. With this optimal configuration, the final uncertainly on the straightness error of the CMM studied is less than 1 µm on the whole evaluated length of the rule (1 m). An algorithm, including Probe Tip Radius of the CMM and surface roughness of the piece, is finally proposed to increase CMM reliability by minimizing error measurements due to surface roughness of the measured piece. SCANNING 36:161–169, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Men and masculinity: understanding the challenges for urological cancer
Authors: Bullen Kathryn , Tod David 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStereotypical expectations of male behaviours do not always align with the reality of serious life‐threatening illness, particularly urogenital cancer. However, masculine ways of coping can be harnessed to maximise benefit when providing support for men at all stages of the cancer journey. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Management of breast side‐effects in men treated with androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Lewis Rachel , Khan Atia , Payne Heather 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this series, the authors present cases of men being treated with androgen deprivation therapy, and highlight management strategies to prevent and treat associated toxicities. In this third article, the authors consider the management of gynaecomastia and mastalgia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons
Measuring social capital change using ripple mapping
Authors: Baker Barbara , Johannes Elaine M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article provides a detailed description of how to implement a ripple mapping activity to assess youth program effects on community capital and concludes with examples from Maine and Kansas. The maps lead to group reflection on project outcomes and further research and evaluation questions for group members.The results from five Maine communities showed that youth in schools and community clubs promoted intentional, mutually beneficial relationships with community groups and businesses and increased shared action on community projects. Likewise, youth in five small Kansas towns implemented and evaluated health promotion projects and found through mapping that youth built social capital in addition to awareness, knowledge, and skills in community health promotion. Ripple mapping helped to demonstrate that actions of youth‐adult partnerships in both states improved the built, human, and social capital in small towns.
A community development approach to service‐learning: Building social capital between rural youth and adults
Authors: Henness Steven A. , Ball Anna L. , Moncheski MaryJo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUsing 4‐H and FFA case study findings, this article explores how community service‐learning supports the building of social capital between rural youth and adults and the positive effects on community viability. Key elements of practice form a community development approach to service‐learning, which opens up doorways for youth to partner with adult leaders and decision makers, gain credibility as resources and problem solvers, address community issues, and raise awareness of the value of school‐ and community‐based youth programs.Case study evidence suggests that rural 4‐H and FFA youth and adults benefit from the bonding relationships they form through working together to solve community issues over time. Positive community outcomes are noted as well, including increased community capacity and community recognition. By focusing on social capital as a key outcome of community service‐learning, 4‐H youth and community development extension professionals, educators, and other practitioners have contributed to the viability of rural communities.
Social capital and vulnerability from the family, neighborhood, school, and community perspectives
Authors: Williams Bonita , Le Menestrel Suzanne M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article reviews research and offers program examples for developing social capital in youth with a range of vulnerabilities: emotional, physical, social, and developmental. Protective factors provided by developing social capital at the individual level include access to support networks, transition to employment, and community connectedness.The authors feature approaches from the cooperative extension system, which links university and community resources, and identify exemplary programs that support social capital development by intervening with families, schools, neighborhoods, and communities.
Engaging young people as a community development strategy in the Wisconsin Northwoods
Authors: Andresen William , Dallapiazza Margaret , Calvert Matthew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis chapter focuses on two remote rural communities that engaged young people in meaningful community development efforts to build social capital. One community connected youth to the assets of the community and created opportunities for young adults to strengthen social networks. The other created partnerships and networks to build intergenerational trust. Both communities intentionally engaged young people in these efforts in order to sustain their communities' economic vitality.
Preparation, Structure, and Second‐order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Borate‐Carboxylic Acid Compound: NH4B[d‐(+)‐C4H4O5]2·H2O
Authors: Chen Zhaohui , Pan Shilie , Jing Qun , Yang Yun , Dong Xiaoyu , Bian Qiang , Han Jian , Dong Lingyun , Yang Zhihua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe organic‐inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) material NH4B(d‐(+)‐C4H4O5)2·H2O (NBC) was synthesized in a borate‐carboxylic acid system. Its structure was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21 (No. 33), with cell parameters a = 11.484(6) Å, b = 5.354(3) Å, c = 21.079(12) Å, V = 1296.0(12), Z = 4. It exhibits a three‐dimensional pseudo tunnel structure consisting of fundamental building block [B(d‐(+)‐C4H4O5)2]– anions. The small cavities are occupied by the H2O molecules and NH4+ cations, which stabilize the whole structure by O–H···O and N–H···O hydrogen bonds. The powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) of the crystal was also recorded. Elemental analyses, FT‐IR and FT‐Raman spectra analyses, thermal analysis, and diffuse‐reflectance spectra for the compound are also presented, as are band structures and density of states calculation. Nonlinear optical measurements indicate that the material has second harmonic generation (SHG) properties and is phase‐matchable.
Factors associated with maternal near‐miss morbidity and mortality in Kowloon Hospital, Suzhou, China
Authors: Shen Fang‐Rong , Liu Ming , Zhang Xia , Yang Weiwen , Chen You‐Guo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate factors associated with acute maternal morbidity and mortality in Kowloon Hospital, Suzhou, China.MethodsData from cases of near‐miss and maternal death between January 2008 and December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Maternal characteristics and related factors were identified, and multiple regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring the study period, there were 18 104 deliveries, 69 near‐miss cases, and 3 maternal deaths. Women who had no health insurance (aOR, 4.55; 95% CI, 0.87–21.8), had fewer than 6 prenatal consultations (aOR, 6.76; 95% CI, 0.76–45.8), were part of a migrant population (aOR, 2.34; 95% CI, 0.45–24.9), or delayed seeking healthcare (aOR, 4.76; 95% CI, 0.89–13.6) had a greater risk of near‐miss morbidity or death. Admission to intensive care (aOR, 6.75; 95% CI, 0.89–34.6) and blood transfusion within 30 min (aOR, 3.79; 95% CI, 0.65–8.67) were protective factors in disease progression.ConclusionThe factors associated with maternal near‐miss morbidity and mortality were closely related to health insurance and socioeconomic status, suggesting that the government should take an active role in the community in preventing morbidity and mortality in pregnancy.
The Nature of Permanent Post-concussion Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: King Nigel S. , Kirwilliam Simon 
Published: July 2013

Objective: Very few studies have examined permanent post-concussion symptoms (PCSs) after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). None have reported the nature of such symptoms. Our recent study was the first to report on a wide range of factors affecting PCSs in a representative sample of such patients. This paper presents the frequencies of the different PCSs experienced by this group and compares them with PCSs at earlier stages post injury.Method: One hundred consecutively referred patients to a Community Head Injury Service in Buckinghamshire, UK, for the treatment of long-term PCSs after MTBI were invited to participate in the original study. Those consenting to do so (n = 24, mean time post injury = 6.9 years) completed a Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. The frequency of the types of symptoms reported is presented. These are then contrasted with comparable PCS presentations at 7–10 days and 6 months post injury from two other studies.Results: Fatigue was reported by all long-term patients. Poor concentration, sleep disturbance, taking longer to think and irritability were the other most frequently endorsed permanent symptoms. The least reported were blurred/double vision, photophobia, nausea, headache and dizziness. A similar pattern was present in those at earlier stages post injury.Conclusions: The most common permanent PCSs may be those best conceptualised as the more cognitively and emotionally based symptoms, and the least common the more somatically based ones. There may be some consistency in the nature of PCSs reported over time.
Effect of supplementary calcium phosphate on plasma gastrointestinal hormones in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over human study
Authors: Trautvetter Ulrike , Jahreis Gerhard 
Published: July 2013

Gastrointestinal hormones and Ca are associated with bone metabolism. The objective of the present human study was to determine the effect of calcium phosphate on the postprandial circulation of gastrointestinal hormones. A total of ten men participated in the present double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. The participants were divided into two groups. Of these, one group consumed bread enriched with 1 g Ca (pentacalcium hydroxy-triphosphate, CaP) daily for 3 weeks. The other group consumed placebo bread. After 2 weeks of washout, the intervention was changed between the groups for another 3 weeks. The subjects consumed a defined diet at the beginning (single administration) and at the end (repeated administration) of the intervention periods, and blood samples were drawn at 0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min. Between 0 and 30 min, the participants consumed a test meal, with or without CaP. The concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1 and GLP2), insulin and glucose were determined. The AUC of GLP1 (total and active) and GLP2 increased significantly after the repeated CaP administrations compared with that after placebo administration. The AUC of insulin and glucose showed no differences between the CaP and placebo administrations. CaP affects the postprandial plasma concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones through the modulation of the intestinal environment, e.g. bile acids and microbiota.
SOCIAL AND GENDER PERSPECTIVES IN RICE BREEDING FOR SUBMERGENCE TOLERANCE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Authors: MANZANILLA D. O. , PARIS T. R. , TATLONGHARI G. T. , TOBIAS A. M. , CHI T. T. N. , PHUONG N. T. , SILIPHOUTHONE I. , CHAMARERK V. , BHEKASUT P. , GANDASOEMITA R. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe risks of flooding in rice production include losses that can affect some 13 million ha of rice lands in Southeast Asia. This study integrated social and gender perspectives into the varietal evaluation process to contribute to planned faster uptake of submergence-tolerant rice (Sub1) varieties. In this study, the participatory varietal selection (PVS) process was used in eliciting male and female farmers' opinions with respect to selecting popular varieties with the SUB1 gene introgressed, for added tolerance of flash floods of up to two weeks. Fifteen Sub1 varieties and the farmers' local check were tested under the PVS researcher-managed (PVS-RM) trials, which involved farmers' preference analysis (PA). The farmers tested the pre-selected lines with the SUB1 gene in their own fields to further evaluate their performance under varying conditions. During flooding, farmers experienced lower production depending on water depth, timing with respect to rice growth stage, duration, frequency of occurrence and quality. On-farm PA results showed wide variability in the performance of the Sub1 varieties compared with local popular varieties. This implies the need for further testing of pre-released lines in terms of adaptability and the continuous development of rice genotypes for varying flood-prone rice ecosystems. Women are as knowledgeable as men because of the significant roles they play in rice production and food preparation. Moreover, farmers and breeders have almost the same criteria in choosing the best performing rice lines. Sensory tests revealed the eating and cooking qualities important to farmers. The findings of this study can provide feedback to breeding programmes to ensure a greater likelihood of adoption and ultimately increasing rice productivity in submergence-prone rice areas.