bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphoma Occurring During Pregnancy: Antenatal Therapy, Complications, and Maternal Survival in a Multicenter Analysis
Authors: Evens Andrew M. , Advani Ranjana , Press Oliver W. , Lossos Izidore S. , Vose Julie M. , Hernandez-Ilizaliturri Francisco J. , Robinson Barrett K. , Otis Stavroula , Nadav Dagan Liat , Abdallah Ramsey , Kroll-Desrosiers Aimee , Yarber Jessica L. , Sandoval Jose , Foyil Kelley , Parker Linda M. , Gordon Leo I. , Blum Kristie A. , Flowers Christopher R. , Leonard John P. , Habermann Thomas M. , Bartlett Nancy L. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Lymphoma is the fourth most frequent cancer in pregnancy; however, current clinical practice is based largely on small series and case reports. Patients and Methods In a multicenter retrospective analysis, we examined treatment, complications, and outcomes for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurring during pregnancy. Results Among 90 patients (NHL, n = 50; HL, n = 40), median age was 30 years (range, 18 to 44 years) and median diagnosis occurred at 24 weeks gestation. Of patients with NHL, 52% had advanced-stage versus 25% of patients with HL (P = .01). Pregnancy was terminated in six patients. Among the other 84 patients, 28 (33%) had therapy deferred to postpartum; these patients were diagnosed at a median 30 weeks gestation. This compared with 56 patients (67%) who received antenatal therapy with median lymphoma diagnosis at 21 weeks (P < .001); 89% of these patients received combination chemotherapy. The most common preterm complication was induction of labor (33%). Gestation went to full term in 56% of patients with delivery occurring at a median of 37 weeks. There were no differences in maternal complications, perinatal events, or median infant birth weight based on deferred versus antenatal therapy. At 41 months, 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for NHL were 53% and 82%, respectively, and 85% and 97%, respectively, for HL. On univariate analysis for NHL, radiotherapy predicted inferior PFS, and increased lactate dehydrogenase and poor Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) portended worse OS. For HL patients, nulliparous status and “B” symptoms predicted inferior PFS. Conclusion Standard (non-antimetabolite) combination chemotherapy administered past the first trimester, as early as 13 weeks gestation, was associated with few complications and expected maternal survival with lymphoma occurring during pregnancy.
Solid Tumors After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Fung Chunkit , Fossa Sophie D. , Milano Michael T. , Oldenburg Jan , Travis Lois B. 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Increased risks of solid tumors after older radiotherapy strategies for testicular cancer (TC) are well established. Few population-based studies, however, focus on solid cancer risk among survivors of TC managed with nonradiotherapy approaches. We quantified the site-specific risk of solid cancers among testicular nonseminoma patients treated in the modern era of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, without radiotherapy. Patients and Methods Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for solid tumors were calculated for 12,691 patients with testicular nonseminoma reported to the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1980 to 2008) and treated initially with either chemotherapy (n = 6,013) or surgery (n = 6,678) without radiotherapy. Patients accrued 116,073 person-years of follow-up. Results Two hundred ten second solid cancers were observed. No increased risk followed surgery alone (SIR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.14; n = 99 solid cancers), whereas significantly increased 40% excesses (SIR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.73; n = 111 solid cancers) occurred after chemotherapy. Increased risks of solid cancers after chemotherapy were observed in most follow-up periods (median latency, 12.5 years), including more than 20 years after treatment (SIR, 1.54; 95% CI, 0.96 to 2.33); significantly increased three- to seven-fold risks occurred for cancers of the kidney (SIR, 3.37; 95% CI, 1.79 to 5.77), thyroid (SIR, 4.40; 95% CI, 2.19 to 7.88), and soft tissue (SIR, 7.49; 95% CI, 3.59 to 13.78). Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first large population-based series reporting significantly increased risks of solid cancers among patients with testicular nonseminoma treated in the modern era of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Subsequent analytic studies should focus on the evaluation of dose-response relationships, types of solid cancers, latency patterns, and interactions with other possible factors, including genetic susceptibility.
Salesforce Compensation with Inventory Considerations
Authors: Dai Tinglong , Jerath Kinshuk 
Published: September 2013

We study a scenario in which a firm designs the compensation contract for a salesperson who exerts unobservable effort to increase the level of uncertain demand and, jointly, the firm also decides the inventory level to be stocked. We use a newsvendor-type model in which actual sales depend on the realized demand but are limited by the inventory available, and unfulfilled demand cannot be observed. In this setup, under the optimal contract, the agent is paid a bonus for meeting a sales quota. Our key result is that it may be optimal for the firm to stock more than the first-best inventory level, because this enables the firm to obtain a more precise indicator of the salesperson's effort. The possibility of stockouts due to limited inventory also leads to several counterintuitive results, including the following: (i) relative to when stockouts are not considered, it may be optimal for the firm to pay a higher bonus even though limited inventory constrains sales; (ii) as inventory becomes more expensive, thereby forcing the firm to lower its inventory, the firm may nevertheless pay the agent a higher bonus; and (iii) if there is a lower probability that the agent's effort exertion leads to high demand, rather than lowering inventory due to the lower sales potential, the firm may increase inventory. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Novel Spot Tests for Detecting the Presence of Zinc Sulfate in Urine, a Newly Introduced Urinary Adulterant to Invalidate Drugs of Abuse Testing
Authors: Welsh Kerry J. , Dierksen Jennifer E. , Actor Jeffrey K. , Dasgupta Amitava 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To find a suitable method for detecting zinc sulfate in adulterated urine.

Methods:
Two rapid spot tests to detect the presence of zinc sulfate in urine were developed.

Results:
Addition of 3 to 4 drops of 1N sodium hydroxide solution to approximately 1 mL of urine containing zinc sulfate led to the formation of a white precipitate, which was soluble in excess sodium hydroxide. In the second spot test, addition of 3 to 4 drops of 1% sodium chromate solution to 1 mL of urine containing zinc sulfate followed by the addition of 4 to 5 drops of 1N sodium hydroxide led to formation of a yellow precipitate (zinc chromate). Detection limit of these visual spot tests was 10 mg/mL of zinc sulfate in urine. Twenty drug-free urine specimens and urine containing high amounts of sugar or reducing substances were tested with no false-positive spot test results observed. However, if lead is present in high amounts in urine, it may cause false-positive spot test results. When aliquots of urine controls for drugs of abuse testing were supplemented with different amounts of zinc sulfate, false-negative drug test results were observed except for amphetamine. Zinc sulfate also falsely reduced measured urine alcohol level in urine.

Conclusions:
Zinc sulfate can invalidate urine drug and alcohol testing but can be detected using the novel spot tests developed.
Distinguishing Score 0 From Score 1+ in HER2 Immunohistochemistry-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Lambein Kathleen , Van Bockstal Mieke , Vandemaele Lies , Geenen Sofie , Rottiers Isabelle , Nuyts Ann , Matthys Bart , Praet Marleen , Denys Hannelore , Libbrecht Louis 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To investigate the clinical and pathobiological significance of distinguishing score 0 and score 1+ within the group of immunohistochemistry (IHC)-negative invasive breast cancers.

Methods:
We studied HER2 status using both IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 150 consecutive breast tumors submitted to our laboratory after a negative IHC result in local testing centers.

Results:
We were able to discern a group of score 0 tumors that had a lower HER2 copy number than the group consisting of score 1+ tumors. In contrast with the group of score 1+ tumors, HER2 FISH was consistently negative for both copy number–based and ratio-based tumors without equivocal results.

Conclusions:
In a setting with stringent quality assurance, score 0 and score 1+ tumors emerge as distinct and clinically important subgroups within the HER2 IHC-negative population.
Transiently Increased Variation Between a Point-of-Care and Laboratory INR Method After a Long Period of Correlation
Authors: Sephel Gregory C. , Laposata Michael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
To perform long-term comparison between laboratory Stago and Point-of-Care (POC) i-STAT methods for determining the international normalized ratio (INR).

Methods:
This was a multicenter method comparison of patient INR results and factors related to performance variance.

Results:
For 5 years, the assays demonstrated close patient correlation within and above the 3.5 INR therapeutic range cutoff (bias, 0.23 INR units). Patient results above 3.5 INR were bimodal, with 60% demonstrating an i-STAT INR bias of less than 0.5. Several patient conditions were associated with the presence of a higher i-STAT bias. In year 6, a broader range i-STAT bias developed, increasing to 0.73 INR units. The increased bias persisted for 3 years, then returned to initial levels following i-STAT adjustments. The substantial increase in i-STAT bias after a long period of stability was partly corrected by renewed correlation to the international reference preparation. Additional assay drift is discussed in relation to thromboplastin reagents and other testing variables.

Conclusions:
This study emphasizes the need for continual laboratory correlation with POC devices and caution in using published comparisons.
From Cytomorphology to Molecular Pathology
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Gong Yun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
The field of cytopathology has been rapidly advancing in the era of molecular pathology and personalized medicine. On-site cytologic evaluation for adequacy and triaging specimens for small core biopsy or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) are often required. Cytopathologists face the challenge of how to best triage small specimens for diagnosis, molecular testing, and personalized treatment. Owing to its minimally invasive nature, FNA alone or combined with core biopsy for lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors has gained popularity.

Methods:
Literature review and author’s institutional experience are used for this review article. This article will focus mainly on lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors.

Results:
Evaluation combining cytomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and/or molecular pathology is often needed to accurately diagnose and classify lymphomas and soft tissue tumors. Many molecular tests have been performed on cytologic specimens, such as tests for BRAF and RET in thyroid FNA.

Conclusions:
Molecular pathology has been widely integrated into conventional cytopathology for diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders and soft tissue tumors, and the diagnostic value of FNA on those tumors has increased significantly. Cytology will play a more important role in the era of personalized medicine,
Neutrophil CD64 for Daily Surveillance of Systemic Infection and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Lam Hugh Simon , Cheung Hon Ming , Poon Terence Chuen Wai , Wong Raymond Pui On , Leung Kam Tong , Li Karen , Ng Pak Cheung 
Published: September 2013

BACKGROUND
Early detection and treatment of infected preterm infants could decrease morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil CD64 has been shown to be an excellent early diagnostic biomarker of late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We aimed to study whether using CD64 as a daily surveillance biomarker could predict LOS/NEC before clinical manifestation.

METHODS
We collected 0.1 mL whole blood from very low birth weight (VLBW) infants from day 7 postnatal age until routine daily blood tests were no longer required. Four categories of responses were defined: proven sepsis, clinical sepsis, nonsepsis/non-NEC, and asymptomatic CD64 activation.

RESULTS
A total of 146 infants were consecutively recruited and 155 episodes of sepsis evaluation were performed. The biomarker screening utility, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for surveillance of LOS/NEC using a cutoff of 5655 antibody-PE (phycoerythrin) molecules bound/cell were 89%, 98%, 41%, and 99.8%, respectively. LOS/NEC was detected a mean of 1.5 days before clinical presentation. However, 63 episodes of CD64 activation occurred in asymptomatic infants who would not otherwise have required sepsis evaluations.

CONCLUSIONS
As a surveillance biomarker, neutrophil CD64 detected LOS/NEC 1.5 days before clinical presentation, but at the expense of performing 41% additional sepsis evaluations. This was mainly attributed to an unexpected group of asymptomatic infants with CD64 activation, who recovered spontaneously and did not require antimicrobial treatment. The latter group has not been previously recognized in VLBW infants and could represent subclinical infection secondary to transient bacterial translocation or mild viral infection.
Effect of Titanium on Homogenizing Process and Microstructure of Alloy 2618
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Ya , Su Xuping , Peng Haoping , Wang Jianhua 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe effect of titanium on the homogenizing process of alloy 2618 and the microstructure of the Ti-containing alloy before and after homogenization has been investigated using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results show that the addition of 1.5 mass% Ti to alloy 2618 could refine its grain size remarkably. A large amount of rod-shape Al3Ti particles with the size range of 2–12 μm distribute evenly and dispersively in the alloy. It is θ (Al2Cu) phase instead of S' (Al2CuMg) obtained in eutectic structures due to the non-equilibrium solidification in casting of 2618-Ti alloy, which is the same as alloy 2618. The optimal homogenization temperature (773 K) for Ti-containing alloy 2618 (2618-Ti alloy) is the same as that of alloy 2618. Combining the results of kinetic analysis and experiments, the optimized homogenizing time for Ti-containing alloy 2618 at 773 K is only 12 h, which is shorter than that for alloy 2618. The shortening of the optimized homogenizing time results mainly from the decrease of the grain size of 2618-Ti alloy.
An Exact, Fully Nonlinear Solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann Equation with Anti-symmetric Electric Potential Profiles
Authors: Chow Kwok Wing , Chu Henry C. W. , Ng Chiu-On 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The electric potential in an electro-osmotic flow is governed by the Poisson-Boltzmann (P-B) equation. A new solution is obtained by solving the fully nonlinear P-B model in a rectangular channel using the Hirota bilinear method, without invoking the Debye-Hückel (D-H) (linearization) approximation. This new solution is anti-symmetric about the centerline of two parallel plates, representing the case of opposite charges on two walls of a microchannel. The electric potentials and velocity fields derived from both the complete and linearized P-B equations are compared. Significant deviations are revealed, in particular for cases with high zeta potential. If a boundary slip on the wall is permitted, the electro-osmotic flow corresponding to this anti-symmetric wall potential can still induce a net fluid flow. These results will have important applications in characterizing bi-directional flows within microchannels, capillary tubes, membranes and porous materials.
Oral Dexamethasone for Bronchiolitis: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Alansari Khalid , Sakran Mahmoud , Davidson Bruce L. , Ibrahim Khalid , Alrefai Mahmoud , Zakaria Ibrahim 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Determine whether dexamethasone treatment added to salbutamol reduces time to readiness for discharge in patients with bronchiolitis and possible asthma.

METHODS:
We compared efficacy and safety of dexamethasone, 1 mg/kg, then 0.6 mg/kg for 4 more days, with placebo for acute bronchiolitis in patients with asthma risk, as determined by eczema or a family history of asthma in a first-degree relative. All patients received inhaled salbutamol. Time to readiness for discharge was the primary efficacy outcome.

RESULTS:
Two hundred previously healthy infants diagnosed with bronchiolitis, median age 3.5 months, were enrolled. Five placebo recipients needed admission to intensive care unit during infirmary treatment (P = .02). Among 100 dexamethasone recipients, geometric mean time to readiness for discharge was 18.6 hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.9 to 23.1 hours); among 90 control patients, 27.1 hours (95% CI, 21.8 to 33.8 hours). The ratio, 0.69 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.93), revealed a mean 31% shortening of duration to readiness for discharge favoring dexamethasone (P = .015). Twenty-two dexamethasone and 19 control patients were readmitted to the short stay infirmary in the week after discharge (P = .9). No hospitalizations or side effects were reported during 7 days of surveillance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dexamethasone with salbutamol shortened time to readiness for infirmary discharge during bronchiolitis episodes in patients with eczema or a family history of asthma in a first-degree relative. Infirmary and clinic visits in the subsequent week occurred similarly for the 2 groups.
Time Dependent Parallel Resistance in an Organic Schottky Contact
Authors: Takshi Arash , Madden John D. , Fok Chi Wah Eddie , Warren Mya 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe DC characteristics of a Schottky contact between regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) and aluminum are studied in forward and reverse bias regimes. Current-voltage curves of the junction in reverse bias show a resistive path in parallel with the expected Schottky contact. This is the sign of a nonuniform junction between the metal and semiconductor that exhibits ohmic behavior in some regions. Reduction of this parallel resistance and degradation of the Schottky junction are observed over a period of two weeks. Accumulation of undesired ions in the polymer or diffusion of aluminum atoms into the semiconductor are two possible mechanisms which may explain the time dependent behavior of these Schottky junctions.
Carotid Artery Stenosis Associated with Increased Mortality in Patients who Underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Single Center Experience
Authors: da Rosa Marcelo P. , Schwendler Ricardo , Lopes Rodrigo , Portal Vera L. 
Published: September 2013

Background: Vascular disease resulting from arteriosclerosis is a severe worldwide health risk. Early diagnosis and intervention is important to control adverse cerebral and cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to assess the potential predictors of mortality in patients submitted to coronary bypass surgery.
Methods: Cohort study included asymptomatic cerebrovascular disease patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting admitted to the cardiology reference center. All patients were submitted to carotid artery ultrasound assessment prior to surgery and were followed up during the entire in-hospital postoperative period. Carotid artery stenosis was considered clinically significant when cross sectional area ≥50%. Significance was set at p <0.05. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality.
Results: Of 455 patients with a mean age of 62.2 years 65.6% were males. The prevalence of carotid artery stenosis was 18.7%. It was absent in 3.6% of the patients, below 50% in 77.8%, between 50 and 69% in 11.6%, and between 70 and 99% in 6.9%. The carotid artery was occluded in 0.2% of the sample. An overall mortality of 12%, affecting 35 men (P=0.001) with stenosis ≥50%. After logistic regression analysis, carotid artery stenosis ≥50% was confirmed as being an independent predictor of mortality (P=0.005).
Conclusion: In this series carotid artery stenosis showed a high prevalence in the sample assessed and was an independent predictor of mortality.
Full issue Res Medica, Autumn 1958, Volume 1, Number 3
Authors: Haddow Alexander , Cormack J.J.C. , Learmonth Sir James , Shedden William Ian , Milne Allan , Drysdale Henry C. , Clark David J 
Published: September 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTSEDITORIALSYLLABUS FOR 222nd SESSIONCANCER RESEARCH: ITS HISTORY AND PROSPECTS: Professor Alexander Haddow, M.D., D.Sc.,F.R.S.THE SOCIETY’S LIBRARY: J. J. C. CormackBIOLOGICAL RESERVES: Sir James Learmonth, K.C.V.O., C.B.E., F.R.S.Ed., F.R.C.S.Ed. and Eng., M.D.THE CAUSATION AND SPREAD OF EPIDEMIC INFLUENZA: William Ian Shedden, B.Sc.(Hons.)SOME ASPECTS OF POLIOMYELITIS: Allan Milne,M.B., Ch.B.BOOK REVIEWOPERA OCCULTA: Henry C. Drysdale
Factors Associated With Maternal-Reported Actions to Prevent Type 1 Diabetes in the First Year of the TEDDY Study
Authors: Smith Laura B. , Lynch Kristian F. , Baxter Judith , Lernmark Barbro , Roth Roswith , Simell Tuula , Johnson Suzanne Bennett ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Mothers of children at risk for type 1 diabetes report engaging in preventive behaviors. The purpose of this study is to further document these actions in an international, longitudinal sample and examine variables that predict whether mothers engage in these behaviors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study examined an international sample (from Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.) from the naturalistic, longitudinal The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, which tracked children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes from birth to age 15 years. Mothers of 7,613 infants aged 6 months and 6,503 infants aged 15 months completed questionnaires assessing psychosocial factors and actions intended to prevent diabetes.

RESULTS
Many mothers (29.9% at 6 months and 42.8% at 15 months) reported engaging in a behavior intended to prevent type 1 diabetes, with the largest percentages (20.9–29.2%) reporting making changes to their child’s diet (e.g., reducing the consumption of sweets and carbohydrates). Factors related to engaging in preventive behaviors include older maternal age; higher maternal education; minority status; having only one child; having a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes; being from a country other than Sweden; having an accurate perception of the child’s increased risk for developing diabetes; having postpartum depression, maternal anxiety, and worry about the risk of diabetes; and believing that diabetes can be prevented.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that many mothers engage in actions to prevent diabetes and highlight the importance of tracking these behaviors to ensure the validity of naturalistic observational studies.