bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informational needs of liver transplant recipients during a two-year posttransplant period
Authors: Ko Dami , Lee Insook , Muehrer Rebecca J 
Published: August 2015

Objectives To describe the informational needs of liver transplant (LTx) recipients, examine potential differences in informational needs by sociodemographic and clinical variables, and examine informational needs at various time points posttransplant. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used. Informational needs were assessed by the Informational Needs Questionnaire-liver, a new questionnaire developed to include LTx recipients' perspectives. To examine informational needs at different posttransplant time points, participants were classified into four groups (0–1, 2–4, 5–9, and 10–24 months). Results Participants (159) who were married, single, had higher education, or higher monthly incomes had significantly greater informational needs. Informational needs regarding disease and physical and emotional management remained high after transplant. Four subscales (medication, wound management, diet, and daily and social activities) indicated informational needs were different across time. Participants 2–4 months posttransplant had higher informational needs regarding wound management and daily and social activities. Participants 5–9 months posttransplant had the highest informational needs regarding medication and diet. Discussion Findings indicate informational needs vary among LTx recipients at different posttransplant time points. Marital status, education, and monthly income can influence informational needs. Conclusion Healthcare providers should tailor information given to LTx recipients based on informational needs. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm changing patterns of informational needs.
A service evaluation of the therapy assessments used for preoperative wrist surgery assessments within a single National Health Service Trust
Authors: Donnison Ella , Woodbridge Sarah 
Published: August 2015

Introduction Chronic wrist joint pain is complex and often managed surgically. Where pain predominates, but function and movement are good, conservative or less invasive procedures may be preferable, such as denervation. To aid surgical selection denervation effectiveness can be predicted by a wrist assessment including nerve blocks. While much literature exists for denervation surgery no research to date has explored nerve blocks from a therapy assessment perspective. The purpose of this service evaluation was to establish current assessment practice, provide an important starting point to discuss why assessments may be selected and aid understanding of the assessment service provided. Methods A service evaluation was undertaken. The assessments selected by three therapists for cases referred for a preoperative wrist assessment were recorded and analysed. Results Fourteen participants were recruited during a five-month period. The mean age was 57.43 years (range 21–79). Two assessments were terminated to address conservative management. Of the remaining 12 participants, assessments included range of motion, cumulative and resting pain 100% (n = 12), grip and pinch strength 92% (n = 11), function 17% (n = 2) and Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment static and dynamic movements 92% (n = 11). Conclusion This time-limited evaluation provides insight into the varied assessments used, by therapists within a single NHS Trust, to simulate activity and/or wrist structures under stress. The assessment is a global patient-centred process which aids identification of strategies for conservative and surgical procedures including denervation surgery. Despite the small sample, trends were noted in the practices of experienced hand therapists.
Glycemic Variability and Its Impact on Quality of Life in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Reddy Monika , Godsland Ian F. , Barnard Katharine D. , Herrero Pau , Georgiou Pantelis , Thomson Hazel , Johnston Desmond G. , Oliver Nick S. 
Published: August 2015

Background: There is evidence suggesting that glycemic variability reduces quality of life (QoL) in people with type 2 diabetes, but this association has not been explored in type 1 diabetes. We aimed to assess whether glycemic variability has an impact on QoL in adults with established type 1 diabetes using multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Methods: Participants wore a blinded continuous glucose monitor for up to 5 days and completed the diabetes quality of life (DQOL) questionnaire. Glycemic variability measures were calculated using the EasyGV version 9.0 software. A correlation analysis was performed to assess whether there was a relationship between glycemic variability and measures of QoL. Results: In all, 57 participants with type 1 diabetes (51% male, 65% on CSII, 35% on MDI, mean [SD] age 41 [13] years, duration of diabetes 21 [12] years, HbA1c 63 [12] mmol/mol [7.9% (1.1)], body mass index 25.2 [4.0] kg/m2) were included in the analysis. No significant associations between glycemic variability and DQOL total or subscale scores were demonstrated. The glycemic variability was significantly higher for MDI participants compared to CSII participants ( P < .05 for all glycemic variability measures), but no significant difference in QoL between the 2 treatment modality groups was observed. Conclusions: Treatment with CSII is associated with lower glycemic variability compared to MDI. Despite this, and contrary to findings in type 2 diabetes, this study did not find an association between glycemic variability and QoL in adults with relatively well-controlled type 1 diabetes, irrespective of whether they are on MDI or CSII.
Return to Sport After Tibial Shaft Fractures
Authors: Robertson Greg A. J. , Wood Alexander M. 
Published: August 2015

Context: Acute tibial shaft fractures represent one of the most severe injuries in sports. Return rates and return-to-sport times after these injuries are limited, particularly with regard to the outcomes of different treatment methods. Objective: To determine the current evidence for the treatment of and return to sport after tibial shaft fractures. Data Sources: OVID/MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Collaboration Database, Web of Science, PEDro, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Google Scholar were all searched for articles published from 1988 to 2014. Study Selection: Inclusion criteria comprised studies of level 1 to 4 evidence, written in the English language, that reported on the management and outcome of tibial shaft fractures and included data on either return-to-sport rate or time. Studies that failed to report on sporting outcomes, those of level 5 evidence, and those in non–English language were excluded. Study Design: Systematic review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Data Extraction: The search used combinations of the terms tibial, tibia, acute, fracture, athletes, sports, nonoperative, conservative, operative, and return to sport. Two authors independently reviewed the selected articles and created separate data sets, which were subsequently combined for final analysis. Results: A total of 16 studies (10 retrospective, 3 prospective, 3 randomized controlled trials) were included (n = 889 patients). Seventy-six percent (672/889) of the patients were men, with a mean age of 27.7 years. Surgical management was assessed in 14 studies, and nonsurgical management was assessed in 8 studies. Return to sport ranged from 12 to 54 weeks after surgical intervention and from 28 to 182 weeks after nonsurgical management (mean difference, 69.5 weeks; 95% CI, –83.36 to −55.64; P < 0.01). Fractures treated surgically had a return-to-sport rate of 92%, whereas those treated nonsurgically had a return rate of 67% (risk ratio, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.57; P < 0.01). Conclusion: The general principles are to undertake surgical management for displaced fractures and to attempt nonsurgical management for undisplaced fractures. Primary surgical intervention of undisplaced fractures, however, may result in higher return rates and shorter return times, though this exposes the patient to the risk of surgical complications, which include surgical site infection and compartment syndrome.
Effects on lipid profile of supplementation with vitamin D in type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Ramiro-Lozano José Manuel , Calvo-Romero José María 
Published: August 2015

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D status may have an influence on lipid profile. Patients and methods: We studied consecutive type 2 diabetic patients with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) lower than 20 ng/ml). They were treated with 16,000 IU of calcifediol orally once a week for a minimum of 8 weeks. Results: A total of 28 patients were treated for a mean time of 84.1 days (range 56-120 days). All patients achieved serum levels of 25(OH)D higher than 20 ng/ml. There was significant reduction in total cholesterol (172.1 ± 32.4 versus 164.4 ± 27.3 mg/dl, p = 0.04). There were nonsignificant reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides. There was no change in HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: Correction of vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetic patients decreases total cholesterol. Our results do not rule out reductions in LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.
Posterior Capsular Plication Constrains the Glenohumeral Joint by Drawing the Humeral Head Closer to the Glenoid and Resisting Abduction
Authors: DeAngelis Joseph P. , Hertz Benjamin , Wexler Michael T. , Patel Nehal , Walley Kempland C. , Harlow Ethan R. , Manoukian Ohan S. , Masoudi Aidin , Vaziri Ashkan , Ramappa Arun J. , Nazarian Ara 
Published: August 2015

Background: Shoulder pain is a common problem, with 30% to 50% of the American population affected annually. While the majority of these shoulder problems improve, there is a high rate of recurrence, as 54% of patients experience persistent symptoms 3 years after onset. Purpose: Posterior shoulder tightness has been shown to alter glenohumeral (GH) kinematics. Clinically, posterior shoulder contractures result in a significant loss of internal rotation and abduction (ABD). In this study, the effect of a posterior capsular contracture on GH kinematics was investigated using an intact cadaveric shoulder without violating the joint capsule or the rotator cuff. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Glenohumeral motion, humeral load, and subacromial contact pressure were measured in 6 fresh-frozen left shoulders during passive ABD from 60° to 100° using an automated robotic upper extremity testing system. Baseline values were compared with the experimental condition in which the full thickness of posterior tissues was plicated without decompressing the joint capsule. Results: Posterior soft tissue plication resulted in increased compression between the humeral head and the glenoid (axial load) at 90° of ABD. Throughout ABD, the posterior contracture increased the anterior and superior moment on the humeral head, but it did not change the GH kinematics in this intact model. As a result, there was no increase in the subacromial contact pressure during ABD with posterior plication. Conclusion: In an intact cadaveric shoulder, posterior contracture does not alter GH motion or subacromial contact pressure during passive ABD. By tightening the soft tissue envelope posteriorly, there is an increase in compressive load on the articular cartilage and anterior/superior force on the humeral head. These findings suggest that subacromial impingement in the setting of a posterior soft tissue contracture may result from alterations in scapulothoracic motion, not changes in GH kinematics. Clinical Relevance: This investigation demonstrates that posterior capsular plication increases the axial load on the shoulder joint during ABD. While a significant difference from baseline was observed in the plicated condition, posterior capsular plication did not change GH motion or subacromial contact pressure significantly.
Genetic diminution of circulating prothrombin ameliorates multiorgan pathologies in sickle cell disease mice
Authors: Arumugam Paritha I. , Mullins Eric S. , Shanmukhappa Shiva Kumar , Monia Brett P. , Loberg Anastacia , Shaw Maureen A. , Rizvi Tilat , Wansapura Janaka , Degen Jay L. , Malik Punam 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsReduced prothrombin improves survival and ameliorates inflammation and end-organ damage without spontaneous bleeding in sickle cell mice. An individual procoagulant, prothrombin, represents a novel therapeutic target that can improve sickle cell disease outcome.
Proteasome inhibitors induce FLT3-ITD degradation through autophagy in AML cells
Authors: Larrue Clément , Saland Estelle , Boutzen Héléna , Vergez François , David Marion , Joffre Carine , Hospital Marie-Anne , Tamburini Jérôme , Delabesse Eric , Manenti Stéphane , Sarry Jean Emmanuel , Récher Christian 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
Bortezomib induces the degradation of FLT3-ITD through an autophagy-dependent mechanism that contributes to cell death. This finding provides a mechanism-based rationale for the study of proteasome inhibitors in FLT3-ITD–mutant acute myeloid leukemia.
Systematics and historical biogeography of the old world butterfly subtribe Mycalesina (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)
Authors: Aduse-Poku Kwaku , Brattström Oskar , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , Lees David C. , Brakefield Paul M. , Wahlberg Niklas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundButterflies of the subtribe Mycalesina have radiated successfully in almost all habitat types in Africa, Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, Indo-China and Australasia. Studies aimed at understanding the reasons behind the evolutionary success of this spectacular Old World butterfly radiation have been hampered by the lack of a stable phylogeny for the group. Here, we have reconstructed a robust phylogenetic framework for the subtribe using 10 genes from 195 exemplar taxa.ResultsWe recovered seven well supported clades within the subtribe corresponding to the five traditional genera (Lohora,Heteropsis, Hallelesis,Bicyclus, Mycalesis), one as recently revised (Mydosama) and one newly revised genus (Culapa). The phylogenetic relationships of these mycalesine genera have been robustly established for the first time. Within the proposed phylogenetic framework, we estimated the crown age of the subtribe to be 40 Million years ago (Mya) and inferred its ultimate origin to be in Asia. Our results reveal both vicariance and dispersal as factors responsible for the current widespread distribution of the group in the Old World tropics. We inferred that the African continent has been colonized at least twice by Asian mycalesines within the last 26 and 23 Mya. In one possible scenario, an Asian ancestor gave rise toHeteropsison continental Africa, which later dispersed into Madagascar and most likely back colonised Asia. The second colonization of Africa by Asian ancestors resulted inHallelesisandBicycluson continental Africa, the descendants of which did not colonise other regions but rather diversified only in continental Africa. The generaLohoraandMydosamaare derivatives of ancestors from continental Asia.ConclusionOur proposed time-calibrated phylogeny now provides a solid framework within which we can implement mechanistic studies aimed at unravelling the ecological and evolutionary processes that culminated in the spectacular radiation of mycalesines in the Old World tropics.
The FOCUS, AFFINITY and EFFECTS trials studying the effect(s) of fluoxetine in patients with a recent stroke: a study protocol for three multicentre randomised controlled trials
Authors: Mead Gillian , Hackett Maree L. , Lundström Erik , Murray Veronica , Hankey Graeme J. , Dennis Martin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background
Several small trials have suggested that fluoxetine improves neurological recovery from stroke. FOCUS, AFFINITY and EFFECTS are a family of investigator-led, multicentre, parallel group, randomised, placebo-controlled trials that aim to determine whether routine administration of fluoxetine (20 mg daily) for 6 months after acute stroke improves patients’ functional outcome.

Methods/Design
The three trial investigator teams have collaboratively developed a core protocol. Minor variations have been tailored to the national setting in the UK (FOCUS), Australia and New Zealand (AFFINITY) and Sweden (EFFECTS). Each trial is run and funded independently and will report its own results. A prospectively planned individual patient data meta-analysis of all three trials will subsequently provide the most precise estimate of the overall effect of fluoxetine after stroke and establish whether any effects differ between trials and subgroups of patients.
The trials include patients ≥18 years old with a clinical diagnosis of stroke, persisting focal neurological deficits at randomisation between 2 and 15 days after stroke onset. Patients are randomised centrally via web-based randomisation systems using a common minimisation algorithm. Patients are allocated fluoxetine 20 mg once daily or matching placebo capsules for 6 months. Our primary outcome measure is the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include the Stroke Impact Scale, EuroQol (EQ5D-5 L), the vitality subscale of the Short-Form 36, diagnosis of depression, adherence to medication, adverse events and resource use. Outcomes are collected at 6 and 12 months. The methods of collecting these data are tailored to the national setting. If FOCUS, AFFINITY and EFFECTS combined enrol 6000 participants as planned, they would have 90 % power (alpha 5 %) to detect a common odds ratio of 1.16, equivalent to a 3.7 % absolute difference in percentage with mRS 0–2 (44.0 % to 47.7 %). This is based on an ordinal analysis of mRS adjusted for baseline variables included in the minimisation algorithm.

Discussion
If fluoxetine is safe and effective in promoting functional recovery, it could be rapidly, widely and affordably implemented in routine clinical practice and reduce the burden of disability due to stroke.

Trial registration
FOCUS: ISRCTN83290762 (23/05/2012), AFFINITY: ACTRN12611000774921 (22/07/2011). EFFECTS: ISRCTN13020412 (19/12/2014).
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Phytochemical Screening,
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial activities of Senna
occidentalis (L.) leaves Extract
Authors: Odeja Oluwakayode , Obi Grace , Ogwuche Christiana Ene , Elemike Elias Emeka , Oderinlo Yemi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of
the hexane, ethylacetate and methanol crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (L.) leaves were studied in this work. The
aim of the work is to ascertain the level of antimicrobial and antioxidant
properties of different solvent extracts of Senna
occidentalis plant.

Methods
The preliminary screening of the various extracts was carried out
using standard methods and the results revealed the presence of tannins,
alkaloids, reducing sugar, phenols, anthraquinones, resins, saponins and
glycosides. The antimicrobial screening was carried out using the following
organisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Eshericha coli,
Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruguinosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiellae
pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium
notatum and Rhizopus
stolonifer. The free radical scavenging capacity using hydrogen
peroxide was equally determined to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the
extracts.

Results
The results obtained showed that Senna
occidentalis (L.) leaf extracts have interesting pharmacological
active compounds with great radical scavenging and antimicrobial effects and as
such could be used in ethno medicine for treatment of some infections and
ailments.

Conclusion
Further investigations on the chemical compositions and possible isolation of
active ingredients would be carried out.
An open label, non-controlled, multicentre, interventional trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of Canephron® N in the management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs)
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry , Abramov-Sommariva Dimitri , Moritz Kathrin , Eskötter Herbert , Kostinenko Tatyana , Martynyuk Liliya , Kolesnik Nikolay , Naber Kurt G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background
Despite of increasing prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and possible adverse drug reactions (ADRs), uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are usually treated with antibiotics. Canephron® N, a herbal medicinal product, was now investigated for safety and efficacy in women suffering from uUTI.

Methods
In an open-label, non-randomized, multicentre clinical trial 125 Caucasian female patients suffering from uUTI with a sum score of at least 6 for the symptoms dysuria, frequency and urgency (each rated 0–4) were enrolled. Patients were treated with 3x2 tablets Canephron® N for seven days. Symptom assessment was performed by the patient on a daily basis and by the investigator at Day 0, Day 7, Day 37. Primary endpoint was the incidence of ADRs during the treatment. Secondary endpoints were clinical cure (none of the main symptoms scored as worse than mild (“1”)) on Day 7, severity of uUTI symptoms on Day 7 and Day 37, patients requiring antibiotic treatment until Day 7, duration of uUTI symptoms and patients with early recurrence. Changes in safety data (dipstick analysis of urine; analysis of blood and urine in a central laboratory) were analysed descriptively. Further post hoc analyses were performed.

Results
None of 19 adverse events within the study period was considered as drug-related or serious. The responder rate was 71.2 % on Day 7 and 85.6 % on Day 37 (FAS, N = 125) with a significant improvement of all symptoms (all: p < 0.001). Only 2.4 % of patients required antibiotics during the treatment period and none of the patients met the definition of recurrence until Day 37. The mean changes of the main symptoms on Day 7 and Day 37 compared to Day 0 were: −1.9/-2.3 (dysuria); −1.8/-2.4 (frequency); −1.6/-1.9 (urgency). Symptomatic improvement was accompanied by decreased nitrite, leukocytes as well as erythrocyte levels from Day 0 to Day 7 and Day 37.

Conclusions
This trial emphasises the safe usage and efficacious opportunity of a non-antibiotic therapy approach with Canephron® N and fully justifies a large-scale controlled clinical trial.

Trial registration
Eudra CT nr. 2011-000838-11. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01478620