bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptualizing humans as animals in English verb particle constructions
Authors: Panther Klaus-Uwe , Thornburg Linda L. 
Published: November 2012

Author/s
Klaus-Uwe PantherNanjing Normal University, China, and University of Hamburg, GermanyLinda L. ThornburgNanjing Normal University, China

ABSTRACT
Verb particle constructions with animal names used as verbs (‘VPrt critter constructions’), such as horse around, clam up, and rat out, are interesting because of their (i) grammatical structure, (ii) pragmatic function, (iii) conceptual content, and (iv) the cultural knowledge they reflect. This chapter focuses on the latter two aspects of critter constructions. More specifically, we assume that an adequate analysis of critter constructions requires folk or cultural models of the animals in question, spatial schemas for the particle, metaphorical mappings and metonymic inferences, and aspectual categories in the sense of Vendler (1957). We place our findings in the larger context of the status of cultural and cognitive models in general. Such models (including animal folk models) are often outdated and reflect centuries-old beliefs that have left their traces in lexico-grammatical structure, in this case, critter constructions.
Hodgkin lymphoma: 2012 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDisease overview: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B‐cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 9,000 new patients annually and representing approximately 11% of all lymphomas in the United States.Diagnosis: HL is composed of two distinct disease entities; the more commonly diagnosed classical HL and the rare nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte‐rich HL are subgroups under the designation of classical HL.Risk stratification: An accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence are used to optimize therapy for patients with limited or advanced stage disease.Risk‐adapted therapy: Initial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved‐field radiation therapy, while those with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy often without radiation therapy.Management of refractory disease: High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, palliative chemotherapy, non‐myeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered. © Am. J. Hematol. 87:1096–1103, 2012. VVC 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MT2‐MMP Expression During Early Avian Morphogenesis
Authors: Patterson Rachel A. , Cavanaugh Ann M. , Cantemir Veronica , Brauer Philip R. , Reedy Mark V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMembrane‐type 2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2‐MMP; also called MMP15) is a membrane‐bound protease that degrades extracellular matrix and activates proMMPs such as proMMP‐2. MMP‐2 expression in avian embryos is well documented, but it is not clear how proMMP‐2 is activated during avian embryogenesis. Herein, we report that MT2‐MMP mRNA is expressed in several tissues including the neural folds and epidermal ectoderm, intermediate mesoderm, pharyngeal arches, limb buds, and dermis. Several, but not all, of these tissues are known to express MMP‐2. These observations suggest MT2‐MMP may play a role during embryonic development not only through its own proteolytic activity but also by activating proMMP‐2. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tensor Tympani Motoneurons Receive Mostly Excitatory Synaptic Inputs
Authors: Benson Thane E. , Lee Daniel J. , Brown M. Christian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe tensor tympani is a middle ear muscle that contracts in two different situations: in response to sound or during voluntary movements. To gain insight into the inputs and neural regulation of the tensor tympani, we examined the ultrastructure of synaptic terminals on labeled tensor tympani motoneurons (TTMNs) using transmission electron microscopy. Our sample of six TTMNs received 79 synaptic terminals that formed 126 synpases. Two types of synapses are associated with round vesicles and form asymmetric junctions (excitatory morphology). One of these types has vesicles that are large and round (Lg Rnd) and the other has vesicles that are smaller and round (Sm Rnd) and also contains at least one dense core vesicle. A third synapse type has inhibitory morphology because it forms symmetric synapses with pleomorphic vesicles (Pleo). These synaptic terminals can be associated with TTMN spines. Two other types of synapse are found on TTMNs but they are uncommon. Synaptic terminals of all types form multiple synapses but those from a single terminal are always the same type. Terminals with Lg Rnd vesicles formed the most synpases per terminal (avg. 2.73). Together, the synaptic terminals with Lg Rnd and Sm Rnd vesicles account for 62% of the terminals on TTMNs, and they likely represent the pathways driving the contractions in response to sound or during voluntary movements. Having a high proportion of excitatory inputs, the TTMN innervation is like that of stapedius motoneurons but proportionately different from other types of motoneurons. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring chemical impacts on cell cultures by means of image analyses
Authors: McConico Morgan B. , Horton Rebecca B. , Witt Kendhl K. , Vogt Frank 
Published: November 2012

Many chemical processes are involved in the interactions of living cells with their environment; however, monitoring such processes often requires sophisticated analyzers. In this study, a sensing strategy based on imaging techniques has been developed to (i) enable cell discrimination based on their physical appearance such as size and shape and (ii) to build predictive models that relate the measured cell appearance to chemical parameters in their environment. Both goals aim at innovative and straightforward sensing strategies for analyzing cell–environment interactions. Image analyses offer several advantages such as the use of simpler, more robust sensors and the omission of extensive sample/sensor preparations. Imaging can analyze numerous cells and thus gains a culture representative insight rather than a potentially nonrepresentative single‐cell response.As a proof‐of‐principle application, different species of microalgae cells have been exposed to various nutrient conditions. Microalgae are known to sensitively adapt to changing nutrient conditions and could potentially become biological “probes” for chemical shifts in ecosystems. Because of considerable spreads of cell size and shapes within one class, size and shape distributions have been derived from visible images of cell cultures. It is shown that the novel image analyses are capable of discriminating different cell species based on their cell shapes and sizes. It is also demonstrated that in conjunction with the recently introduced, nonlinear multivariate “predictor surfaces”, the nutrient availability has a quantifiable impact on the cell size distributions. In this application, predictor surfaces are somewhat more precise than partial least squares. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiomeric Discrimination of Isoxazoline Fused β‐amino Acid Derivatives using (18‐Crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic Acid as a Chiral NMR Solvating Agent
Authors: Howard Jessica A. , Nonn Melinda , Fulop Ferenc , Wenzel Thomas J. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT(18‐Crown‐6)‐2,3,11,12‐tetracarboxylic acid is a useful chiral NMR solvating agent for isoxazoline‐fused β‐amino acid derivatives. Isoxazoline substrates are analyzed as their hydrochloride salts in methanol‐d4. The crown ether and substrate associate through the formation of three hydrogen bonds between the protonated amine and crown ether oxygen atoms. Enantiomeric discrimination is observed for two or more resonances of every substrate. At least one of these resonances is free of overlap with other resonances in the spectrum and has large enough enantiomeric discrimination to enable the determination of enantiomeric purity. 2D COSY methods can be used to identify additional resonances that exhibit enantiomeric discrimination in the NMR spectrum. Chirality, 25:48‐53, 2013.© 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simulation of a Heat Pump Dryer for Medicinal Plants
Authors: Ziegler Thomas , Jubaer Hasan , Mellmann Jochen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPartially open and closed cycle modes of heat pump drying of medicinal plants were investigated theoretically as well as in industrial practice and were assessed from an energetic point of view. A simulation model was developed and validated with measurements performed at an industrial dryer. Design and control parameters for operation in partially open mode were calculated and implemented. Case studies for different operating conditions revealed that the partially open mode is more energy‐efficient than the closed cycle mode. Comparisons with conventional drying ascertained the feasible ambient conditions for heat pump operation. Almost all probable meteorological conditions during the drying season in Germany were covered in the analyses.
A Variational Analysis of the Toda System on Compact Surfaces
Authors: Malchiodi Andrea , Ruiz David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper we consider the following Toda system of equations on a compact surface:

We will give existence results by using variational methods in a noncoercive case. A key tool in our analysis is a new Moser‐Trudinger type inequality under suitable conditions on the center of mass and the scale of concentration of the two components u1 and u2. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Halogenated nucleotide labeling of nascent RNAs reveals dynamic transcription in growing pig oocytes
Authors: Oqani Reza K. , Lee Min Gu , Diao Yun Fei , Han Rong Xun , Jin Dong Il 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: Germ cells differentiate into oocytes in females and are arrested at the first meiotic prophase. However, during arrest, oocytes undergo a growth phase leading to a dramatic increase in size, which is under control of transcription events. In the current study, we examined the transcriptional activity of growing pig oocytes using an immunocytochemical approach. Our data showed that fluorouridine (FU), a halogenated nucleotide, can be successfully incorporated into synthesizing RNAs and detected using a specific monoclonal antibody. Results: Using this method, we identified dynamic changes in transcriptional activity patterns in growing pig oocytes. Oocytes obtained from small follicles exhibited the highest level of transcription, while at the final phase of growth, transcription was no longer detected. These transcriptional changes were concomitant with chromatin compaction resulting in a tightly packed ring‐like chromatin conformation surrounding the nucleolar structure. Also, FU incorporation appeared sensitive to the biochemical manipulation of transcription, because transcriptional inhibitors induced a decrease in signal intensity from FU labeling and transcriptional activation caused an increase in FU signal intensity. Conclusions: Our data collectively support that a direct link exists between chromatin configuration and transcriptional activity in pig oocytes, and support the suitability of FU for studies on transcription‐related events in mammalian oocytes. Developmental Dynamics 242:16–22, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Erythema Ab igne in an adolescent with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Docx Martine K.F. , Simons Annik , Ramet José , Mertens Luc 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjective:A rare skin lesion, erythema ab igne (EAI) is presented, in an adolescent female with anorexia nervosa.Method:Clinical records of this patient were compared with a pubmed search about EAI in patients with an eating disorder.Results:The patient presented with localized, spider‐like, erythematous and hyperpigmented skin lesions on the lower abdomen and on both thighs. Repetitive exposure to heating pads can induce reticular and macular hyperpigmentation with telangiectases without squamation. Strict avoidance of heat is advised, because there is no effective treatment.Discussion:EAI is described in patients with an eating disorder. Facing an increased pain threshold, prolonged heat exposure to treat a general feeling of cold, can induce this dermatosis. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
1D Spin‐Crossover Networks Containing a FeII(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)4(CH3CN)2‐Type Core
Authors: Białońska Agata , Bronisz Robert , Baranowski Łukasz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBis(1,2,3‐triazol‐1‐yl)methane (mbtr) was used to prepare 1D networks in which neighboring iron(II) ions are tethered by two semiflexible ligand molecules. [Fe(mbtr)2(CH3CN)2]X2·2CH3CN (X = BF4–, ClO4–) systems represent unique example of complexes that are based on monosubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles, in which four 1,2,3‐triazole rings and two axially coordinated nitrile molecules form the first coordination sphere. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and magnetic studies revealed that, in addition to homoleptic [Fe(1,2,3‐triazol)6]‐type core systems, complexes possessing the Fe(1,2,3‐triazolyl)4(CH3CN)2‐type core also exhibit thermally induced spin crossover.
A Three‐Dimensional Two‐Phase Model for a Membraneless Fuel Cell Using Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Y‐Shaped Microchannel
Authors: Peng J. , Zhang Z. Y. , Niu H. T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA three‐dimensional, two‐phase, multi‐component mixture model in conjunction with a finite‐volume‐based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is applied to simulate the operation of membraneless fuel cell with Y‐shape channel. Hydrogen peroxide is employed both as fuel and oxidant, which are dissolved in diluted sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid solutions, respectively. Almost all transport phenomena occurring in the fuel cell such as fluid flows, mass transport, electrochemical kinetics, and charge transport are accounted in this model. The oxygen O2 gas, which is a product on the anode electrode, is assumed to be insoluble. The presence of gas phase acts to prevent the processes of reactant supply and product removal. Thus, the cell performance is hindered, while it is operated at the normal current density situation. On the other hand, the capillary action is found to enhance the electrolyte transport in the anode porous electrode, which may slightly improve the cell performance at the high‐current density situation. Besides, a secondary vortex flow is induced due to the transportation of the gas phase, which drifts from the bottom to the top of the channel. The mixing zone is then inclined, which may result in serious fuel crossing phenomenon.
Nickel–Iron Anode Substrate for Smart Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with a Self‐Protecting Function Against Reoxidation
Authors: Ju Y.‐W. , Ida S. , Ishihara T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDevelopment of highly reliable solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is strongly requested, and the introduction of a self‐protecting function is an ideal approach to increase the reliability of SOFCs. A highly porous (>33%) Ni–Fe metal substrate, which has well‐developed nanopores, is prepared by reduction of NiO–Fe2O3. In an oxidizing atmosphere, a thin layer of Fe2O3 forms on the surface of the substrate. As a result, the porous morphology changes at the surface and becomes denser. This morphological change occurs only at the surface and prevents oxidation of Ni in the bulk of the substrate. Furthermore, the surface morphology returns to its original state following reduction. Therefore, despite the fact that Ni is readily oxidized, Ni metal phase is sustained in the Ni–Fe bimetallic alloy substrate even after 480 h oxidation in air. The cell power density is also stably sustained after a few reduction–reoxidation cycles. Here, we report that Ni–Fe bimetal alloy substrate exhibits a self‐protecting function against reoxidation of the substrate, which would otherwise lead to a permanent failure of the cell.
Biomarkers of inflammation are associated with colorectal cancer risk in women but are not suitable as early detection markers
Authors: Toriola Adetunji T. , Cheng Ting‐Yuan D. , Neuhouser Marian L. , Wener Mark H. , Zheng Yingye , Brown Elissa , Miller Joshua W. , Song Xiaoling , Beresford Shirley A.A. , Gunter Marc J. , Caudill Marie A. , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractInitial studies have investigated the association between inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC) using C‐reactive protein (CRP) as a proinflammatory biomarker and have noted inconsistent results among women. We here report the findings from a large prospective study with repeat measurements of CRP, as well as serum amyloid A (SAA), an additional biomarker of inflammation, and risk of CRC. In the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, we examined associations of CRP and SAA with CRC using repeat assessments (baseline and 3‐year follow‐up) among 953 matched case–control pairs for CRP and 966 pairs for SAA. Multivariate‐adjusted conditional‐logistic regression models were used with two‐sided tests of significance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed their utility as early detection markers. Colon cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence intervals) among women in the highest quintiles of CRP or SAA compared to those in the lowest quintiles was ORcolon/CRP = 1.37 (0.95–1.97, p‐trend = 0.04) and ORcolon/SAA = 1.26 (0.88–1.80, p‐trend = 0.10), respectively. Women with elevated concentrations of both CRP and SAA had an increased risk of ORcolon = 1.50 (1.12–2.00, p‐value = 0.006) compared to those with low concentrations. No positive associations were observed with rectal cancer and weaker associations for CRC overall. Temporal changes in biomarkers more than 3 years did not predict risk. The area under the 6‐month ROC curve for CRP+SAA was 0.62 (95% confidence interval = 0.55–0.68). Elevated inflammatory biomarkers are associated with an increased risk of CRC, mainly colon cancer. Nevertheless, changes in the biomarkers over time do not suggest that they merit consideration as early detection markers for CRC.
Lifestyle factors, autoimmune disease and family history in prognosis of non‐hodgkin lymphoma overall and subtypes
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Baecklund Fredrik , Chang Ellen T. , Baecklund Eva , Hjalgrim Henrik , ‐Olov Adami Hans , Glimelius Bengt , Smedby Karin E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLifestyle factors and medical history are known to influence risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Whether these factors affect the prognosis of NHL, especially its subtypes, is unclear. To investigate this, the association between these factors and all‐cause and lymphoma‐related mortality was assessed in a population‐based cohort of 1,523 Swedish NHL patients included in the Scandinavian Lymphoma Etiology study in 1999–2002. Participants contributed time from NHL diagnosis until death or October 1, 2010, with virtually complete follow‐up through linkage to the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using stratified and multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models. During a median follow‐up of 8.8 years, 670 patients (44%) died, with the majority of deaths attributed to lymphoma (86%). Current versus never smoking at diagnosis was associated with increased rate of all‐cause death for all NHL (HR = 1.5, 1.2–1.8) and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (HR = 1.8, 1.2–2.7). Low educational level (HR = 1.3, 1.1–1.7, <9 vs. >12 years) and NHL risk‐associated autoimmune disease (HR = 1.4, 1.0–1.8) were associated with death for all NHL combined. However, evidence of an association with lymphoma‐related death was limited. Body mass index, recent sunbathing and family history of hematopoietic malignancy were not consistently associated with death after NHL or its specific subtypes. These results add to the evidence that cigarette smoking, socioeconomic status and certain autoimmune diseases affect survival after NHL. Further investigations are needed to determine how these factors should be incorporated into clinical prognostic assessment.
Should lamivudine monotherapy be stopped or continued in patients infected with hepatitis B with favorable responses after more than 5 years of treatment?
Authors: Kwon Jung Hyun , Jang Jeong Won , Choi Jong Young , Park Chung‐Hwa , Yoo Sun Hong , Bae Si Hyun , Yoon Seung Kew 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRegarding the limited evidence for determining the optimal duration of antiviral treatment for hepatitis B, the long‐term outcome of patients with favorable responses to over 5 years of lamivudine monotherapy was investigated. Two hundred seventy‐one patients who had received lamivudine for at least 5 years were enrolled. Ultimately, 72 patients without YMDD mutations and showing hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels <2.5 pg/ml after 5 years of treatment were analyzed. Mean treatment duration with lamivudine was 9.1 ± 2.6 years. During the treatment, HBeAg and HBsAg loss/seroconversion rates were 95 and 6.9%, respectively. Decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) developed in 2.8 and 6.9% of patients, respectively. Old age and cirrhosis were risk factors for HCC development. Finally, 11.1% of patients developed YMDD mutations after 8.3 ± 2.4 years of treatment. There was no hepatic decompensation among the patients who developed delayed YMDD mutations. Sixteen patients who achieved a complete response stopped lamivudine and four patients showed relapses 10.3 ± 8.5 months after stopping lamivudine. Relapsed patients had more cirrhotic livers and higher rates of HBeAg positivity at 5 years than patients who maintained complete response. The present study suggests that patients who do not develop YMDD mutations over 5 years of treatment with lamivudine may continue lamivudine monotherapy until the loss of HBsAg. However, even for the patients showing favorable response over 5 years of treatment, those in older ages, with cirrhosis or who show poor HBeAg responses should be on careful monitoring to detect the development of viral mutations, relapse and even HCC. J. Med. Virol. 85:34–42, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.