bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
99mTc-Labeled Bevacizumab via HYNIC for Imaging of Melanoma
Authors: Ximena Camacho  , María Fernanda García  , Victoria Calzada  , Marcelo Fernandez  , Omar Alonso  , Juan Pablo Gambini  , Rodrigo Barbosa de Aguiar  , Camila Maria Longo Machado  , Roger Chammas  , Williams Porcal  , Pablo Cabral  
Published: February 2014

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the classic factors to tumour-induced angiogenesis in several types, including melanoma. Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody anti-VEGF, could be used as an imaging tool in clinical studies. The aim of this study was to radiolabeled Bevacizumab with 99mTc and evaluate it in vivoimaging properties. Bevacizumab was derivatized with the activated ester succinimidyl-hydrazinonicotinamide hydrochloride (Suc-HYNIC) as a bifunctional coupling agent. A mixture of Tricine/SnCl2.2H2O was added to Bevacizumab-HYNIC and radiolabeled with 99mTcO4-. The radiochemical stability of the radiolabeled sntibody was assessed. Biodistribution studies and SPECT-CT imaging were evaluated in healthy and tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice at 1, 4 and 24 h (n =5). We demonstrated that 99mTc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab was stable over 24 h in solution and serum. In vivo biodistribution studies revealed tumor-to-muscle ratios of 99mTc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab was 9.28, 17.19 and 8.51 at 1, 4 and 24 h p.i. SPECT/CT imaging of tumor-bearing C57BL/6J mice showed tumor selective uptake of 99mTc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab. 99mTc-HYNIC-Bevacizumab could become a potential radiopharmaceutical to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in solid tumors and could be seen as a clinic tool for the screening of solid tumors that might respond to the Bevacizumab chemotherapy.
Performance of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) products
Authors: Flynn L. , Long C. , Wu X. , Evans R. , Beck C. T. , Petropavlovskikh I. , McConville G. , Yu W. , Zhang Z. , Niu J. , Beach E. , Hao Y. , Pan C. , Sen B. , Novicki M. , Zhou S. , Seftor C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNOAA, through the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) program, in partnership with the National Aeronautical and Space Administration, launched the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership (S‐NPP) satellite, a risk reduction and data continuity mission, on 28 October 2011. The JPSS program is executing the S‐NPP Calibration and Validation program to ensure that the data products comply with the requirements of the sponsoring agencies. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) consists of two telescopes feeding three detectors measuring solar radiance scattered by the Earth's atmosphere directly and solar irradiance by using diffusers. The measurements are used to generate estimates of total column ozone and vertical ozone profiles for use in near‐real‐time applications and extension of ozone climate data records. The calibration and validation efforts are progressing well, and both Level 1 (Sensor Data Records) and Level 2 (Ozone Environmental Data Records) have advanced to release at Provisional Maturity. This paper provides information on the product performance over the first 22 months of the mission. The products are evaluated through the use of internal consistency analysis techniques and comparisons to other satellite instrument and ground‐based products. The initial performance finds total ozone showing negative bias of 2 to 4% with respect to correlative products and ozone profiles often within ±5% in the middle and upper stratosphere of current operational products. Potential improvements in the measurements and algorithms are identified. These will be implemented in coming months to reduce the differences further.
Straight thinking about groundwater recession
Authors: Cuthbert M. O. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhile in catchment and hillslope hydrology a more nuanced approach is now taken to streamflow recession analysis, in the context of major aquifers it is commonly still assumed that the groundwater head recession rate will take exponential form, an idea originally proposed in the 19th Century. However it is shown here that, in early times, the groundwater head recession in a major aquifer should take an almost straight line form with a rate approximately equal to the long‐term recharge rate divided by the aquifer storage coefficient. The length of this phase can be estimated from an analytical expression derived in the paper which depends on the aquifer diffusivity, length scale, and the position of the monitoring point. A transitional phase then leads to an exponential phase after some critical time which is independent of the position of the monitoring point. Major aquifers in a state of periodic quasi‐steady state are expected to have rates of groundwater flux recession which deviate little from the average rate of groundwater recharge. Where quasi‐exponential groundwater declines are observed in nature, their form may be diagnostic of particular types of aquifer properties and/or boundary effects, such as proximity to drainage boundaries, variations in transmissivity with hydraulic head, storage changes due to pumping, nonequilibrium flow at a range of spatial and temporal scales, and variations in specific yield with depth. Recession analysis has applicability to a range of groundwater problems and is powerful way of gaining insight into the hydrologic functioning of an aquifer.
Statistical significance of climate sensitivity predictors obtained by data mining
Authors: Caldwell Peter M. , Bretherton Christopher S. , Zelinka Mark D. , Klein Stephen A. , Santer Benjamin D. , Sanderson Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSeveral recent efforts to estimate Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) focus on identifying quantities in the current climate which are skillful predictors of ECS yet can be constrained by observations. This study automates the search for observable predictors using data from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The primary focus of this paper is assessing statistical significance of the resulting predictive relationships. Failure to account for dependence between models, variables, locations, and seasons is shown to yield misleading results. A new technique for testing the field significance of data‐mined correlations which avoids these problems is presented. Using this new approach, all 41,741 relationships we tested were found to be explainable by chance. This leads us to conclude that data mining is best used to identify potential relationships which are then validated or discarded using physically based hypothesis testing.
Structure and Reactivity of Late Transition Metal η3‐Benzyl Complexes
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Czabaniuk Lara C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe coordination of transition metals to organic fragments can yield complexes with fascinating and unexpected binding patterns. The study of metal‐benzyl complexes has demonstrated the feasibility of η3‐coordination, which results in a dearomatized ring. These complexes also offer insight into reaction mechanisms as proposed intermediates in catalytic cycles. In this Review we discuss the synthesis and characterization of these complexes with late transition metals and the subsequent development of catalytic benzylic functionalization methods, including asymmetric variants.
Carbon Nanotubes/Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Core–Sheath Nanostructures as Highly Active, Metal‐Free Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Fuel Cells
Authors: Sa Young Jin , Park Chiyoung , Jeong Hu Young , Park Seok‐Hee , Lee Zonghoon , Kim Kyoung Taek , Park Gu‐Gon , Joo Sang Hoon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA facile, scalable route to new nanocomposites that are based on carbon nanotubes/heteroatom‐doped carbon (CNT/HDC) core–sheath nanostructures is reported. These nanostructures were prepared by the adsorption of heteroatom‐containing ionic liquids on the walls of CNTs, followed by carbonization. The design of the CNT/HDC composite allows for combining the electrical conductivity of the CNTs with the catalytic activity of the heteroatom‐containing HDC sheath layers. The CNT/HDC nanostructures are highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction and displayed one of the best performances among heteroatom‐doped nanocarbon catalysts in terms of half‐wave potential and kinetic current density. The four‐electron selectivity and the exchange current density of the CNT/HDC nanostructures are comparable with those of a Pt/C catalyst, and the CNT/HDC composites were superior to Pt/C in terms of long‐term durability and poison tolerance. Furthermore, an alkaline fuel cell that employs a CNT/HDC nanostructure as the cathode catalyst shows very high current and power densities, which sheds light on the practical applicability of these new nanocomposites.
Synthesis and Catalytic Reactions of Nanoparticles formed by Electrospray Ionization of Coinage Metals
Authors: Li Anyin , Luo Qingjie , Park So‐Jung , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: February 2014

AbstractNoble metals can be ionized by electrochemical corrosion and transported by electrospray ionization. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed solvated metal ions as the main ionic constituent of the sprayed droplets. Collection of the electrospray plume on a surface yielded noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) under ambient conditions. The NPs were characterized by several techniques. Under typical conditions, capped‐nanoparticle sizes averaged 2.2 nm for gold and 6.5 nm for silver. The gold nanoparticles showed high catalytic activity in the reduction of p‐nitrophenol by NaBH4. Efficient catalysis was also observed by simply directing the spray of solvated Au+ onto the surface of an aqueous p‐nitrophenol/NaBH4 mixture. Organometallic ions were generated by spiking ligands into the spray solvent: for example, CuI bipyridine cations dominated the spray during Cu electrocorrosion in acetonitrile containing bipyridine. This organometallic reagent was shown to be effective in the radical polymerization of styrene.
Two Dimensional Materials Beyond MoS2: Noble‐Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Miró Pere , Ghorbani‐Asl Mahdi , Heine Thomas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe structure and electronic structure of layered noble‐transition‐metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M=Pt and Pd, and chalcogenides X=S, Se, and Te) have been investigated by periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The MS2 monolayers are indirect band‐gap semiconductors whereas the MSe2 and MTe2 analogues show significantly smaller band gap and can even become semimetallic or metallic materials. Under mechanical strain these MX2 materials become quasi‐direct band‐gap semiconductors. The mechanical‐deformation and electron‐transport properties of these materials indicate their potential application in flexible nanoelectronics.
Mechanical and thermal characterization of compression moulded polylactic acid natural fiber composites reinforced with hemp and lyocell fibers
Authors: Baghaei Behnaz , Skrifvars Mikael , Rissanen Marja , Ramamoorthy Sunil Kumar 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis research evaluates the effects of PLA/PP blend ratio and Lyocell/hemp mixture ratio on the morphology, water absorption, mechanical and thermal properties of PLA‐based composites. The composites were fabricated with 30 mass % hemp using compression moulding. As a reference composites made from PP were also studied. Combining of hemp and Lyocell in PLA composite leads to the reduction of moisture absorption and can improve the impact, tensile, flexural properties when compared with PLA/hemp. Composite based on the PLA/PP blend‐matrix could not improve the tensile and flexural properties compared with PLA/hemp, however; the lighter composite with better impact properties was obtained. The crystallization temperature of the PLA‐PP/hemp increased compared with pure PLA. This result was also confirmed by the SEM micrographs. The moisture absorption of PLA‐PP/hemp was higher than PLA/hemp. Based on theoretical analysis of DMTA data, there was favorable adhesion in all composites. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40534.
Health, Developmental and Support Needs of Vulnerable Children – Comparing Children in Foster Care and Children in Need
Authors: Raman Shanti , Sahu Sharmishta 
Published: February 2014

The health needs of children in foster care (FC) have been well described and pathways to health assessment established. Such pathways for other vulnerable children are scarce. We aimed to describe the health and service needs of children attending community paediatric (CP) clinics specifically set up for children exposed to psychosocial risk factors in South Western Sydney (SWS), and to compare the needs of children in FC to those in parental care. We analysed the clinic records of all children attending CP clinics for vulnerable children in SWS in 2008. Of the 98 children seen, the mean age was 4.6 years, the majority (88%) had abuse documented and 57 per cent were in FC. Family risk factors included parental substance use (65%), domestic violence (57%) and parental mental health disorder (33%). Health needs identified included speech delay (45%), developmental delay (39%) and incomplete immunisation (34%); many children required specialist referral. Behavioural and educational difficulties were encountered in almost one‐half of the children. There were no significant differences in health/support needs between those in FC and those in parental care. Pathways to early identification/intervention need to be broadened beyond those established for children in FC, to include those exposed to a range of psychosocial adversities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Behavioural and educational difficulties were encountered in almost one‐half of the children’Key Practitioner Messages:Children in FC and children exposed to psychosocial adversities have a range of health, developmental and psychosocial problems.There are no differences in health or service needs of children exposed to psychosocial adversities, whether they are in FC or parental care.Early identification can lead to intervention and the amelioration of risks.Improving access to paediatric and psychosocial assessments for all vulnerable children rather than just children in care is crucial.‘Early identification can lead to intervention and the amelioration of risks.’
Quality of end‐of‐life care in patients with hematologic malignancies: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hui David , Didwaniya Neha , Vidal Marieberta , Shin Seong Hoon , Chisholm Gary , Roquemore Joyce , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, only limited data are available regarding the quality of end‐of‐life care for patients with hematologic malignancies. In this retrospective cohort study, the quality of end‐of‐life care was compared between patients with hematologic malignancies and those with solid tumors.METHODSAll adult patients who died of advanced cancer between September 1, 2009 and February 28, 2010 while under the care of the study institution were included. The authors collected baseline demographics and end‐of‐life care indicators, including emergency room visits, hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, and systemic cancer therapy use within the last 30 days of life.RESULTSOf a total of 816 decedents, 113 (14%) had hematologic malignancies. In the last 30 days of life, patients with hematologic malignancies were more likely to have emergency room visits (54% vs 43%; P = .03), hospital admissions (81% vs 47%; P < .001), ≥ 2 hospital admissions (23% vs 10%; P < .001), > 14 days of hospitalization (38% vs 8%; P < .001), intensive care unit admissions (39% vs 8%; P < .001) and death (33% vs 4%; P < .001), chemotherapy use (43% vs 14%; P < .001), and targeted therapy use (34% vs 11%; P < .001) compared with patients with solid tumors. Patients with hematologic malignancies were also less likely to have palliative care unit admissions (8% vs 17%; P = .02). The composite score for aggressiveness of care (with 0 indicating the best and 6 indicating the worst) was significantly higher among patients with hematologic malignancies compared with those with solid tumors (median, 2 vs 0; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, hematologic malignancy was found to be a significant factor associated with aggressive end‐of‐life care (odds ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.1‐10.7 [P < .001]).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study indicate that patients with hematologic malignancies received more aggressive care at the end of life. Cancer 2014;120:1572–1578. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of a new testosterone gel formulation in comparison to Testogel® in healthy men
Authors: Olsson Håkan , Sandström Rikard , Neijber Anders , Carrara Dario , Grundemar Lars 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis randomized, open‐label, multiple‐dose three‐way cross‐over study compared the pharmacokinetics of a new testosterone gel formulation in two strengths, testosterone gel 1% and testosterone gel 2% (FE 999303), with Testogel® in 11 testosterone‐suppressed healthy men. Subjects received one of six treatment sequences; 50 mg of testosterone was administered once daily for 7 consecutive days, with different treatments separated by washout‐periods of 6–9 days. Testosterone gel 1% and testosterone gel 2% displayed greater relative bioavailability (2.6‐ and 1.6‐fold, respectively) than Testogel on Day 1, which persisted, to a smaller extent, on Day 7. Initial absorption was highest and most rapid for testosterone gel 1% and 2%, showing apparent first‐order absorption kinetics. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) were 6.25 and 2.97 ng/mL, respectively, occurring ∼5–6 hours post‐application on Day 1 versus Cmax of 1.71 ng/mL after ∼24 hours with Testogel, showing apparent zero‐order absorption kinetics. Similar differences were observed on Day 7. All treatments appeared to reach approximately the same steady‐state level within the first 24 hours. No application‐site skin reactions occurred with any preparation. In conclusion, the new testosterone formulation showed higher bioavailability, and the ability to deliver more testosterone in a smaller volume.
Performance impact of JobTracker failure in Hadoop
Authors: Kim Young‐Pil , Hong Cheol‐Ho , Yoo Chuck 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze the performance impact of JobTracker failure in Hadoop. A JobTracker failure is a serious problem that affects the overall job processing performance. We describe the cause of failure and the system behaviors because of failed job processing in the Hadoop. On the basis of the analysis, we build a job completion time model that reflects failure effects. Our model is based on a stochastic process with a node crash probability. With our model, we run simulation of performance impact with very credible failure data available from USENIX called computer failure data repository that have been collected for past 9 years. The results show that the performance impact is very severe in that the job completion time increases about four times typically, and in a worst case, it increases up to 68 times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoperative imprint cytology of ovarian transitional cell (Brenner) tumors: A retrospective study
Authors: Singh Rohit Inder , Rosen Lauren , Reddy Vijaya B. , Bitterman Pincas , Stemm Matthew H. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: February 2014

Literature on fine‐needle aspiration of ovarian transitional cell tumor or Brenner tumors is sparse and mostly confined to isolated case reports of metastatic transitional cell tumors. We undertook a retrospective study of intraoperative imprint cytology of ovarian transitional cell tumors to better define the cytologic features of this uncommon ovarian tumor. Between 2005 and 2012, a total of 19 ovarian transitional cell tumors were recorded in our surgical pathology files, 10 of which had concomitant imprint cytologic material available for review. The 10 patients included in this study ranged in age between 43 and 73 years (mean age: 54 years). Nine neoplasms were histologically benign and one was borderline. Nine cases had satisfactory cytologic material for review. The cytologic features can be summarized as follows: the eight benign tumors showed abundant naked nuclei in the background, small and large clusters of tumor cells, abundant cytoplasm, smooth nuclear membranes, and lack of nuclear pleomorphism and mitoses. Single plasmacytoid cells with dense blue abundant cytoplasm, perinuclear vacuoles, nucleoli, microfollicle formation, nuclear grooves, binucleation/multinucleation, and extracellular eosinophilic material were some of the other features that were appreciated. The cytologic features of the one case of borderline transitional cell tumor were similar to those of the benign tumors except for the presence of rare mitoses, easily identifiable nuclear pleomorphism and irregular nuclear membranes. This study highlights some characteristic cytologic features of benign/borderline transitional cell tumors of the ovary which can be of help in recognizing this uncommon neoplasm. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:660–663. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Equal nonbreeding period survival in adults and juveniles of a long‐distant migrant bird
Authors: Grüebler Martin U. , Korner‐Nievergelt Fränzi , Naef‐Daenzer Beat 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn migrant birds, survival estimates for the different life‐history stages between fledging and first breeding are scarce. First‐year survival is shown to be strongly reduced compared with annual survival of adult birds. However, it remains unclear whether the main bottleneck in juvenile long‐distant migrants occurs in the postfledging period within the breeding ranges or en route. Quantifying survival rates during different life‐history stages and during different periods of the migration cycle is crucial to understand forces driving the evolution of optimal life histories in migrant birds. Here, we estimate survival rates of adult and juvenile barn swallows (Hirundo rustica L.) in the breeding and nonbreeding areas using a population model integrating survival estimates in the breeding ranges based on a large radio‐telemetry data set and published estimates of demographic parameters from large‐scale population‐monitoring projects across Switzerland. Input parameters included the country‐wide population trend, annual productivity estimates of the double‐brooded species, and year‐to‐year survival corrected for breeding dispersal. Juvenile survival in the 3‐week postfledging period was low (S = 0.32; SE = 0.05), whereas in the rest of the annual cycle survival estimates of adults and juveniles were similarly high (S > 0.957). Thus, the postfledging period was the main survival bottleneck, revealing the striking result that nonbreeding period mortality (including migration) is not higher for juveniles than for adult birds. Therefore, focusing future research on sources of variation in postfledging mortality can provide new insights into determinants of population dynamics and life‐history evolution of migrant birds.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol at Pt/Nanosized MOx/GC Composite Electrodes: SnO2 in Comparison to CeO2 and WO3
Authors: El‐Shafei A. A. , Ibrahim A. A. , Ouf A. M. A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractStable metal oxides insoluble in acidic medium have been prepared and characterized. The influence of the type of metal oxide (MOx) on the activity of Pt towards ethylene glycol oxidation in acidic medium has been examined. All modified Pt/MOx/glassy carbon (GC) electrodes exhibited a better activity compared to Pt/GC. While Pt/SnO2/GC electrode exhibited the highest activity, Pt/CeO2/GC revealed the best tolerance against poisoning process.