bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The non-pathogenic strain Fusarium oxysporum FO12 enhances sunflower and wheat performance by altering the phytohormone profile and soil properties
Authors: Sevillano-Caño Jesús , Agustí-Brisach Carlos , García-Mina José María , Zamarreño Ángel María , de Torre Vidal Barrón López , Sánchez-Rodríguez Antonio Rafael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Endophytic fungi (EF) such as the non-pathogenic strain Fusarium oxysporum FO12 have emerged as useful allies for plants as they could promote plant growth and protect from stresses. However, there remain some uncertainties about their performance under natural soil conditions and the effectiveness of some inoculation methods. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of FO12 to enhance plant growth and nutrition in sunflower and wheat plants grown on four different soils with contrasting fertility.
Methods
To bridge this gap in knowledge, we conducted in vitro and in vivo assays to assess the potential of FO12 for enhancing plant growth and nutrition in sunflower and wheat plants grown on non-calcareous and calcareous soils with contrasting availability of nutrients (Fe, Zn and P); and the effectiveness of two different FO12 application methods: seed dressing (Sd) and soil treatment (St).
Results
FO12 altered the pH of the culture medium, and increased Fe availability by 202%, Zn availability by 52% and P availability by 7% (in vitro). Both FO12 application methods boosted plant growth in by increasing plant height and sunflower and wheat reproductive biomass by up to 27−31% and 28-34% in non-calcareous and calcareous soils, respectively. FO12 additionally increased macro- and micronutrient uptake, especially with St. Finally, the fungus induced changes in plant phytohormone profile, but mainly with Sd.
Conclusions
FO12 stimulates plant growth by altering soil properties and physiological plant processes, and its effects on plant nutrition and production depend on the plant species and soil type.
Damped Coulomb explosion of a cluster core encapsulated in a He nanodroplet
Authors: Schomas Dominik , Heidenreich Andreas , Medina Cristian , Ltaief Ltaief Ben , Mandal Suddhasattwa , Krishnan Sivarama , Michiels Rupert , Debatin Markus , Stienkemeier Frank , Toleikis Sven , Passow Christopher , Ekanayake Nagitha , Ott Christian , Moshammer Robert , Pfeifer Thomas , Mudrich Marcel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The dynamics of an x-ray ionized two-component core-shell nanosystem is experimentally probed using doped helium (He) nanodroplets. First, a soft x-ray pump pulse selectively inner-shell ionizes the core cluster of heavy rare-gas atoms, causing electron migration from the He shell to the highly-charged core. This leads to a strong damping of the core cluster’s spatial expansion. Thus, He droplets act as a tamper that reduces the radiation damage of embedded nanostructures, a property that could be exploited for improving x-ray coherent diffraction images. A near-infrared probe pulse, igniting and then driving the formation of a He nanoplasma, is used to obtain time-resolved information about the tamper effect. As evidenced by molecular dynamics simulations, the tamper effect is manifested by the time constant of the falling edge of the pump-probe signal curve.
Study on Traditional Botanical Knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Ushang Ulan , name Bayandala no family , Jiu Jiangtao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuva is one of the ancient and mysterious Mongolian tribes; since ancient times, it has accumulated a wealth of traditional botanical knowledge and experience in a unique natural environment through its particular productive lifestyle of nomadic herding and hunting. This study investigated the utilization of traditional medicinal plant knowledge, traditional food plant knowledge, traditional building craft plant knowledge, traditional dye plant knowledge and folkloric forage plant awareness among the Tuva Mongols in China; the results of the study are of great significance for the conservation of traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongols and the diversity of plant culture, which is being rapidly lost.
Methods
This study used ethnobotanical research methods to carry out a study on traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folk, documenting and organizing the traditional knowledge and experience of Tuva Mongolian folk in the use of wild plant resources. Folk names of plants and plant uses were recorded through interviews, while evidence plant specimens were collected and the plants were identified.
Results
A total of 95 species of traditional plants belonging to 25 families and 50 genera have been collected from the Tuva folklore; including 55 species of medicinal plants, 24 species of edible plants, 34 species of animal fodder, 29 species of building crafts and 3 species of dyes. The knowledge of medicinal plants includes the selection of medicinal parts of plants, the understanding of their functions and main treatment, and the practice of medicinal methods; Knowledge of wild edible plants can be categorized into five types: folk wild vegetable, wild ripe fruit, tea, seasoning, and other edible plants; asteraceae made up most of the forage plants at 32.3%, followed by Labiatae at 15%; traditional botanical knowledge for building crafts is mainly reflected in the construction of means of transportation, houses and barns, and the manufacture of utensils, musical instruments and handicrafts; knowledge of plants used for dyeing is reflected in the selection of plant parts for dyeing, the choice of collection seasons, and dyeing techniques.
Conclusion
Tuva Mongols have a rich traditional botanical knowledge with certain regional characteristics, and this study also reveals the multifunctional use of these plants, not only as medicine, but also for food and other cultural applications. Reflecting the deep ecological wisdom of the Tuva Mongols and their harmonious coexistence with nature, this traditional botanical knowledge should be further explored and developed.
Deciphering Domestication: Unique Soybean Pods at Wangjinglou
Authors: Tang Liya , Ju Jiaying , Wu Qian , Liu Xinyi , Liu Peiliang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The morphological attributes of soybean pods represent a fundamental criterion for distinguishing between domesticated and wild soybeans. Nevertheless, due to the infrequent preservation of pods in archaeological contexts, bean size remains a common method for identifying domesticated or wild soybean. This study undertook a comprehensive analysis of valued carbonized soybean remains, encompassing both beans and pods from the Wangjinglou site. Furthermore, this research serves as a pivotal reference for accurately identifying remains of the genus Glycine at the site. Radiocarbon dating has pinpointed the age of both kinds of soybean remains to approximately 1550 cal. BC. Through measurement and observation, it was determined that the small-bean group encased in the curled pods pertains to wild soybeans, in contrast the large-bean group aligns with domesticated soybeans. This suggests that the morphological variation between domesticated and wild soybeans in China transpired no later than 1550 cal. BC, signifying an advancement of approximately 170-400 years compared to prior studies.
Enhanced assessment for estimation the populations mean under PPS sampling
Authors: Ahmad Sohaib , Alomair Abdullah Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In some conditions, the size of the target population can vary considerably in their sizes. As an illustration, the size of health facilities and the number of sick person with a definite sickness can differ in a medical study. Also in the survey about household income, the number of siblings in a home can differ; for such condition the probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) provides effective results. In this article our goals is to suggest an improved class of estimators for population mean under PPS sampling. Calculating the bias and MSE numerically is possible up to the first approximation. A simulation study and four real data are used to evaluate the efficiency of estimators. The numerical results based on a simulation study and real-life data shown that the suggested estimators perform well in terms of least MSE and advanced PRE. Out of all the suggested estimators we examined that the second and fourth suggested estimators outperform the others estimators. The recommended estimators are better in terms of least MSE, as shown by the significant boost in efficiency.
Mathematical Subject Classification: 62D05
Examining the Challenges of Blood Pressure Estimation via Photoplethysmogram
Authors: Mehta Suril , Jain Mohit , Kwatra Nipun , Mcduff Daniel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The use of observed wearable sensor data (e.g., photoplethysmograms [PPG]) to infer health measures (e.g., glucose level or blood pressure) is a very active area of research. Such technology can have a significant impact on health screening, chronic disease management and remote monitoring. A common approach is to collect sensor data and corresponding labels from a clinical grade device (e.g., blood pressure cuff) and train deep learning models to map one to the other. Although well intentioned, this approach often ignores a principled analysis of whether the input sensor data have enough information to predict the desired metric. We analyze the task of predicting blood pressure from PPG pulse wave analysis. Our review of the prior work reveals that many papers fall prey to data leakage and unrealistic constraints on the task and preprocessing steps. We propose a set of tools to help determine if the input signal in question (e.g., PPG) is indeed a good predictor of the desired label (e.g., blood pressure). Using our proposed tools, we found that blood pressure prediction using PPG has a high multi-valued mapping factor of 33.2% and low mutual information of 9.8%. In comparison, heart rate prediction using PPG, a well-established task, has a very low multi-valued mapping factor of 0.75% and high mutual information of 87.7%. We argue that these results provide a more realistic representation of the current progress toward the goal of wearable blood pressure measurement via PPG pulse wave analysis.
For code, see our project page: https://github.com/lirus7/PPG-BP-Analysis
Robust analogue neuromorphic hardware networks using intrinsic physics-adaptive learning
Authors: Miao Feng , Wang Cong , Zhao Yichen , Yangdong Xing-Jian , Wei Wei , Yang Zai-Zheng , Shen Yu , Ding Shuo , Kong Dehe , Wang Xu , Shi Jingwen , Wang Pengfei , Yang Yuekun , Pan Chen , Cheng Bin , Liang Shi-Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Analogue neuromorphic computing hardware is highly energy-efficient and has been regarded as one of the most promising technologies for advancing artificial intelligence1-7. However, the robust deployment of these analogue neuromorphic systems is hindered by stochastic variations of analogue devices and dynamic changes in hardware structure8, 9. Here, we demonstrate an approach called intrinsic physics-adaptive learning (IPAL) that can effectively train analogue neuromorphic networks based on non-ideal hardware. This approach allows us to obtain gradients of the practical physical system by using two-step physical operations (i.e., applying stimuli to the physical system and observing its resulting response), eliminating the need for mathematical modelling of the physical system. Experiments validate the effectiveness of IPAL on a neuromorphic hardware network comprised of analogue in-memory computing arrays and analogue activation units. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the approach can effectively train analogue neuromorphic networks with unpredictable hardware variations or impairments, and restore their recognition accuracy even when 60% of electrical synapses and neurons fail to work. We also show that IPAL can be used for analogue neuromorphic networks based on emerging memristive devices. Our work paves the way for developing analogue neuromorphic computing hardware with superior fault-tolerant performance.
Genetic determinants of monocyte splicing are enriched for disease susceptibility loci including for COVID-19
Authors: Fairfax Benjamin , Nassiri Isar , Gilchrist James , Tong Orion , Lau Evelyn , Danielli Sara , Al-Mossawi Hussein , Neville Matthew , Knight Julian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Insights into variation in monocyte context-specific splicing and transcript usage are limited. We have performed paired gene and transcript QTL mapping across distinct immune states using RNA-seq of monocytes isolated from a cohort of 185 healthy Europeans incubated alone or in the presence of IFNγ or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We identify regulatory variants to 5,749 genes and 8,727 transcripts, with 291 context-specific tQTL colocalising with GWAS loci (PP.H4 > 0.8). Notable disease relevant associations (PP.H4 > 0.99) include IFNγ specific tQTL at COVID-19 severity locus rs10735079, where allelic variation modulates context-specific splicing of OAS1, and at rs4072037, a risk allele for gastro-esophageal cancer, which associates with context-specific splicing of MUC1. Assessment of DNA methylation from the same cells demonstrated frequent overlap between mQTL and causal context-specific eQTL, frequently permitting inference of the direction of effect. Finally, we identify a subset of eQTL that uncouple genes from proximally acting regulatory networks, creating ‘co-expression QTL’ (coExQTL) with differential allele-specific correlation networks. Our findings highlight the interplay between context and genetics in the regulation of the monocyte gene expression and splicing, revealing putative mechanisms of diverse disease risk alleles including for COVID-19 and cancer.
Lake chlorophyll-a linked to upstream nutrients across the CONUS
Authors: Dietrich Matthew , Golden Heather E. , Christensen Jay R. , Lane Charles R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) is a commonly used proxy for algal biomass within surface waters, which can be indicative of harmful algal blooms. Excess nutrients, such as nitrogen or phosphorus, promote Chl-a production, often leading to eutrophication. However, little research exists on river nutrients-to-downstream lake Chl-a linkages at large watershed scales and across disparate climatic and physiographic regions. We found a significant positive relationship between measured total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) concentrations in upstream rivers and Chl-a concentrations in downstream lakes at the watershed scale (average area = 99.8 km2 [35.8-628.6 km2], n = 254) throughout the conterminous United States (CONUS). Additionally, through random forest machine learning models, we demonstrate that a small number of explanatory variables (2-3 per model) can accurately predict (71%-83% accuracy) classifications of high or low riverine TN, TP, or lake Chl-a concentrations throughout the CONUS at the watershed scale. The most important model variables were vegetation type, runoff, tile drainage, temperature, and nitrogen inputs. This work supports the hypothesis that rivers supply nutrients that enhance Chl-a concentrations in downstream lakes and demonstrates the power of parsimonious models to elucidate primary landscape factors related to nutrient concentrations and algal blooms across the CONUS.
Synopsis
River nutrient concentrations are positively correlated with downstream lake chlorophyll-a and each can be effectively predicted by parsimonious models.
Towards upscaling of building-integrated perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Rostamzadeh Hadi , Montazeri Hamid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

A multiscale computational framework is proposed for scaling up perovskite photovoltaics from cell scale to building integration. This framework includes three key modeling components: (i) cell scale, incorporating a coupled optical-electrical-thermal model to characterize performance and hysteresis of small-area perovskite solar cells, (ii) module scale, designing monolithically interconnected perovskite minimodules and quantifying upscaling losses, and (iii) building scale, assessing complex interactions between environmental factors and building-integrated perovskite photovoltaics. Comprehensive scale-based validations are performed to assess the accuracy and reliability of each modeling component. The application of the framework is illustrated for perovskite photovoltaics integrated into the windward façade of a cubic building. The results reveal significant variability in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and hysteresis across the façade due to spatial variations in wind-induced forced convective heat flux. In this case, wind impacts both the ionic and electronic characteristics of perovskite solar cells, playing a double-edged role in building-integrated perovskite photovoltaics by enhancing PCE while inducing hysteresis. This wind-induced PCE enhancement originates at the interfaces, reducing recombination losses at the electron transport layer/perovskite interface and resistance to charge carrier transport at the perovskite/hole transport layer interface. The investigation also highlights that scaling up perovskite photovoltaics from small-area cells into monolithically interconnected minimodules is essential for advancing toward large-scale integration of perovskite solar cells into buildings. The developed multiscale computational framework aims to support the advancement of building-integrated perovskite photovoltaics by addressing critical challenges in performance, stability, and scalability, ultimately contributing to the wider adoption of sustainable energy solutions in the built environment.
Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Recent Landslides in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
Authors: Almaz Moamen , Mickus Kevin , Aly Mohamed H. , Dumond Gregory 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Landslides can cause significant infrastructure damage and thousands of deaths around the world. Colorado Springs has experienced numerous damaging landslides that have not been previously geophysically investigated due to its geological and climatic conditions as well as increased urban development into landslide-prone areas. In 2015, heavy rainfall caused the Skyway and Broadmoor Bluffs landslides that destroyed 30 homes. In this study, these two landslides were studied using the electrical resistivity method to evaluate the nature of the landslides. Two-dimensional inverse models constrained by geological and borehole data indicate that both landslides occurred within the weathered portion of the Cretaceous Pierre Shale. The depth to the landslide failure surface ranged between 3 to 6 m and 6 to 8 m for the Skyway and the Broadmoor landslides, respectively. Both landslides have characteristics of a rotational-type landslide, but three models (two for Skyway, one for Broadmoor) do not have smooth failure surfaces. The Pierre Shale is characterized by significantly lower resistivity than the overlying clay. This suggests the landslide failure was promoted by high moisture content within the Pierre Shale. Therefore, the Skyway and Broadmoor areas need to be monitored for future landslides during high-precipitation events. Additional geophysical data are needed to fully determine the nature and extent of the landslides in Colorado Springs. Our results present the first subsurface models of the Skyway and Broadmoor landslides. City planners can use these models as critical data for mitigating future landslides, which can be used for future urban development.
Pengaruh Alelopati Calopogonium mucunoidesDesv. Terhadap Perkecambahan dan Pertumbuhan Anakan GulmaAsystasia gangetica(L.) T. Anderson. Allelopathic Effect ofCalopogonium mucunoidesDesv. on Germination and Seedling Growth of Asystasia gangetica(L.) T.
Authors: FATONAH Siti 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT.TheÂ aimÂ ofÂ thisÂ researchÂ wasÂ toÂ evaluateÂ allelopathicÂ effectÂ ofÂ dryÂ leavesÂ extractÂ of CalopogoniumÂ mucunoidesÂ onÂ seedÂ germinationÂ andÂ seedlingÂ growthÂ ofÂ Â Â weed, AsystasiaÂ gangetica,Â in fieldÂ condition.Â TheÂ experimentÂ wasÂ designedÂ inÂ RandomizedÂ BlockÂ Design,Â withÂ differentÂ extract concentrationÂ (0,Â 2,Â 6,Â 18,Â andÂ 54%).Â Thecollected dataÂ wereÂ analyzed withAnalysisÂ ofÂ Variance (ANOVA)Â andÂ theÂ significantÂ differencesÂ amongÂ theÂ treatmentÂ meansÂ wereÂ determinedÂ usingÂ Duncanâ€™s MultipleÂ RangeÂ test.Â TheÂ experimentÂ resultsÂ showedÂ thatÂ germinationÂ andÂ growthÂ ofÂ allÂ weedÂ were reducedÂ byÂ theÂ extractsÂ of CalopogoniumÂ mucunoides.TheÂ lowestÂ germinationÂ andÂ growth rate of AsystasiaÂ gangeticaÂ atÂ concentrationÂ 2%of CalopogoniumÂ mucunoides extractÂ and the highest germination and growth rate was recorded at concentration of 54%. Keywords: allelopathy, Calopogonium mucunoides, Asystasia gangetica, germination, growth. ABSTRAK. TujuanÂ penelitianÂ iniÂ adalahÂ untukÂ mengetahuiÂ efekÂ alelopatiÂ ekstrakÂ daunÂ kering Calopogonium mucunoides terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan 2 jenis gulma,Borreria alata dan AsystasiaÂ gangetica,Â padaÂ kondisiÂ lapangan.Â PercobaanÂ dirancangÂ menggunakanÂ RancanganÂ Acak KelompokÂ denganÂ konsentrasiÂ ekstrakÂ berbedaÂ (0,Â 2,Â 6,Â 18,Â andÂ 54%).Â DataÂ yangÂ diamati,Â dianalisis menggunakanÂ AnalysisÂ ofÂ VarianceÂ (ANOVA)Â danÂ jikaÂ berbedaÂ nyataÂ dilakukanÂ ujiÂ lanjutÂ menggunakan Duncanâ€™sÂ MultiÂ RangeÂ TestÂ (DMRT).Â HasilÂ percobaanÂ menunjukkanÂ bahwaÂ perkecambahanÂ dan pertumbuhan semua jenis gulma menurun dengan adanya perlakuan ekstrak Calopogonium mucunoides. PenurunanÂ perkecambahanÂ danÂ pertumbuhan AsystasiaÂ gangeticaÂ yangÂ terendahÂ adalahÂ pada konsentrasiÂ 2%Â ekstrak CalopogoniumÂ mucunoidesÂ danÂ penurunanÂ tertinggiÂ padaÂ konsentrasiÂ 54% ekstrakCalopogonium mucunoides. Kata kunci: alelopati, Calopogonium mucunoides, Asystasia gangetica, pekecambahan, pertumbuhan.
Eksplorasi Pengetahuan Lokal tentang Tumbuhan Obat di Suku Batin, Jambi
Authors: Jalius Jalius , Muswita Muswita 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat berdasarkan gejala penyakit/penyakit pada Suku Batin di Kecamatan Tabir Kabupaten Merangin Provinsi Jambi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei, dengan mewawancarai 5 Battra (dukun) di kecamatan tersebut.Â Hasil penelitian menemukan 86 jenis tumbuhan obat yang digunakan masyarakat Suku Batin. Â Tumbuhan obat diperoleh dari halamanan, ladang, tepi sungai dan hutan. Bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan meliputi daun, batang, akar, buah, bunga, kulit batang. Dosis ramuan memakai ukuran sederhana seperti segenggam, helai, sepucuk, dan ukuran jari. Pada umumnya masyarakat Batin menggunakan ramuan untuk berbagai pengobatan.Â Kemampuan untuk menggunakan ramuan ini diperoleh secara secara turunâ€“temurun. Pada umumnya tanaman obat masih diperoleh secara liar seperti di tepi sungai dan hutan, sebagian tanaman obat telah mulai dibudidayakan di perkarangan rumah.
Penentuan Waktu Pembukaan Stomata Pada Gulma Melastoma malabathricum L. Di Perkebunan Gambir Kampar, Riau
Authors: Fatonah Siti , Asih Dwijowati , Mulyanti Desi , Iriani Dyah 
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan waktu pembukaan stomata yang paling optimal pada gulma Melastoma malabathricum L. diÂ perkebunan gambir desa Tanjung Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar. Sampel daun diambil dari pukul 07.00 sampai pukul 17.00 WIB. Setiap 1 jam diambil 1 sampel daun pada tiga tanaman yang berbeda. Sampel daun difiksasi dan dibuat preparat untuk pengamatan jumlah dan ukuran pori stomata yang membuka.Â Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi (ANOVA) dan diuji lanjut dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, stomata terdapat pada permukaan daun bagian bawah. Daun yang diambil pada jam 09.00 dan jamÂ 10.00 menunjukkan jumlah stomata yang membuka paling banyak (879,34 per mm2 and 876,64 per mm2) dan ukuran pori stomata paling besar (2,49 Âµm and 2,23 Âµm).Â Â Jumlah stomata paling rendah sekitar 75,76 per mm2 dan ukuran pori paling kecil Â sekitar Â 0,28 Âµm teramati pada saat jam Â 12.00.