bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma and salivary lactate dehydrogenase: A biochemical study
Authors: D’Cruz Audrey M. , Pathiyil Varsha 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Context: Early diagnosis of oral cancer is a priority health objective, in which oral health professionals may play a pivotal role. Detection should lead to less damage from cancer therapy and to a better prognosis. Aims: The aim was to estimate and compare the salivary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in various histological differentiation of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and normal subjects. Settings and Design: Hospital-based setting, case-control study. Subjects and Methods: A case-control study was undertaken comprising 30 OSCC patients and 30 healthy controls. The OSCC patients were grouped into well-differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated OSCC based on their histological tumor differentiation. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, assayed for LDH levels using a standard kit and measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Statistical Analysis Used: The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Spearman′s correlation was used to correlate the histological tumor differentiation with the salivary LDH levels. Results: The mean salivary LDH levels in the control group, well-differentiated OSCC group, moderately differentiated OSCC group, and poorly differentiated OSCC group were 117.33 ± 19.37 IU/L, 355.83 ± 16.73 IU/L, 484.18 ± 25.84 IU/L, and 620.35 ± 18.69 IU/L, respectively. The difference in the mean salivary LDH levels was statistically significant among the various groups (Kruskal-Wallis χ2 = 50.820, P < 0.001). Spearman′s correlation showed significant difference between salivary LDH levels and histological differentiation of OSCC (r = -0.689, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The salivary LDH levels were higher in OSCC patients when compared to the healthy controls. The salivary LDH levels were found to be the highest among the poorly differentiated OSCC.
Locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Barriers related to effective treatment
Authors: Lakshmaiah K. C. , Suresh T. M. , Babu K. Govind , Sirsath Nagesh T. , Dasappa Lokanatha , Abraham Linu Jacob 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background: Oral cavity cancer is a significant health problem in India. Majority of patients present with locally advanced disease requiring multimodality treatment. Compliance to recommended treatment is an important factor affecting outcome. Aims: The aim was to evaluate the outcome of locally advanced oral cavity cancer patients with regards to treatment adherence and to assess reasons of noncompliance. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study. We included patients referred to Department of Medical Oncology for induction chemotherapy in view of locally advanced oral cavity cancer. Results: Only 15 (26%) patients completed planned treatment schedule. Their 1 year overall survival was 93%. The remaining 43 patients who received inadequate treatment had a dismal 21% 1 year overall survival. Illiteracy, poverty, long waiting list for surgery, prolonged delay for health scheme treatment plan approval and dissatisfaction with attitude of hospital staffs are major barriers related to effective treatment of these patients. Conclusions: A detailed discussion with patient and their relatives regarding recommended treatment, proper implementation of health schemes, increasing trained manpower to avoid long waiting list for surgery, provision of additional financial support for family member accompanying the patient and a sympathetic approach toward patients are needed to help these patients overcome the battle.
Pancytopenia – (?) An obstacle in the diagnosis and outcome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Raja Shruti , Suman Febe Renjitha , Scott Julius Xavier , Latha M. S. , Rajenderan Aruna , Abhirami Ethican 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Context: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ranks first among pediatric malignancies. 8-12% of ALL present with pancytopenia and 2% with hypocellular marrow a. Diagnosis of ALL in the background of pancytopenia and aplastic bone marrow is difficult. Aims: This study was aimed to compare the clinicopathologic, genetic, and outcome of paediatric ALL patients with and without pancytopenia. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Susbjects and Methods: The study included all ALL patients presenting with pancytopenia. The control group included equal number of randomly selected patients with ALL without pancytopenia treated during the same period. Ethics committee approved this study. The demographic, laboratory, and treatment-related details were retrieved from the records and entered in an Excel sheet. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed with Chi-square test with IBM SPSS statistics 16 software. Results: Diagnosis by peripheral smear is significantly lower (P = 0.015) in comparison with the control group. There is no significant difference in diagnosis between the groups by bone marrow aspirate (P = 0.731) and biopsy (P = 0.849). The diagnosis of leukemia is misdiagnosed as hypo cellular/aplastic marrow in 10% of the pancytopenic patients. Flow cytometry yielded the diagnosis in all the pancytopenic patients. Though cytogenetic abnormalities are more common in pancytopenic group, it is not statistically significant (P = 0.106). There is no significant difference in treatment outcome between the groups (P = 0.0827%). Conclusions: Clinical expertise is highly essential to evaluate a case of pancytopenia to diagnose leukemia. Pancytopenia is an obstacle in the diagnosis of ALL without immunophenotyping. There is no significant difference in the outcome between the two groups.
Clinical significance of thymidine kinase in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hagag Adel A. , Saad Mohamed A. , Mohamed Sohair A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, representing one-third of pediatric cancers. Thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1) is expressed in proliferating cells so elevated TK-1 indicates active tumor growth. Objective: To study the clinical significance of TK-1 in children with ALL. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 children with newly diagnosed ALL who were admitted to Oncology Unit, Pediatric department, Tanta University (26 males and 14 females) with their ages ranged from 4 to 10 years and 30 healthy children of matched age and sex as a control group. For all patients the following were done: Complete blood picture, bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping and TK-1 serum levels. Results: Mean TK-1 level was significantly higher in patients at diagnosis than controls and significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcome than patients with favorable outcome. Mean TK-1 level was significantly higher in patients in relapse than patients in remission and controls. No significant differences in mean TK-1 level between patients in remission and controls. There were statistically significant differences in disease free survival and overall survival between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcome. Conclusion: From this study we concluded that TK is a helpful marker in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with ALL. Recommendations: Thymidine kinase-1 should be routinely assessed at diagnosis and during follow-up in ALL patients for better diagnostic and prognostic assessment and should be taken in consideration in designing future therapeutic strategies based on patients-specific risk factors.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity
Authors: Augustine Dominic , Sekar B. , Murali S. , Ramesh Maya , Madhavan R. Nirmal , Patil Shankar Gouda , Rao Roopa S 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Context: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a cytoplasmic enzyme which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oral carcinomas and sarcomas. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity in order to understand the possible role of iNOS in their biologic behavior and to correlate iNOS expression with lymph node metastasis in carcinomas and sarcomas. Settings and Design: Patients, who attended the oral diagnosis department of Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, were screened, for the purpose of the study. Besides these, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were also retrieved from archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department. A total of 40 cases (20 carcinomas and 20 sarcomas) were selected for the study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 40 cases (20 carcinomas and 20 sarcomas) were selected for the study. Five apparently normal tissues were obtained from the tumor adjacent normal tissue to be used as a control. These were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibody to iNOS and evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the 20 carcinomas 19 showed a positive immunoreactivity for iNOS and 1 case was negative. Among the 19 immunopositive iNOS cases of carcinomas, 15 cases showed positive lymph node metastasis. Among the sarcomas, positive immunoreactivity for iNOS was seen in 10 hard tissue sarcomas, while the remaining 10 soft tissue sarcomas were negative for iNOS expression. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Conclusions: iNOS is a reliable marker for lymph node metastasis in carcinomas irrespective of the histologic grade. The high expression in carcinomas shows that the carcinomas elaborate more angiogenesis for growth compared with the sarcomas with the exception of hard tissue sarcomas.
Invitro assessment of cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves from two grape varieties collected from arid and temperate regions in Palestine
Authors: Abed Amanie H. , Harb Jamil , Khasib Said , Saad Bashar 
Published: April 2015

Grape leaves (Vitis viniferaL.)are widely consumed in Palestine, and other Mediterranean countries. Positive health effects of grape products are reported by various studies and pharmaceutical preparations from grape leaves are patented and commercialized as drugs. The aim of thisinvitrostudy is to assess the therapeutic potential of leaf extracts; their cytotoxicity against lung cancerous cells, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against several human pathogenic bacterial strains, and according to geographical location, to examine the overall effect of annual rainfall on the aforementioned activities.Leaves from Shami and Baituni grapes, collected from Dahria (an arid region) and Beit Omar (a temperate region) in Palestine were ground to powder using liquid nitrogen and a pestle and mortar. Cytotoxicity was measured against lung cancer cells and muscle cells. Antioxidants potential of leaf extracts and antimicrobial activity against five human pathogenic bacterial strains were assessed.Results showed Shami leaves from Beit Omar inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Cytotoxicity assessment against lung cancer cells showed leaves from Baituni grapes are ineffective. Antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts of both genotypes from both locations gave high levels of antioxidants, but no significant differences recorded between treatments. Leaf extracts of both grape genotypes were effective againstS. aureusand slightly effective againstP. aeruginosabacteria. However, these extracts were ineffective againstL. monocytogenes,S. typimuriumandE.coli.Results show the therapeutic potential of leaves of Shami and Baituni might be related to their phytochemical composition. Our findings suggest effective cytotoxic activity of Shami grape leaves against lung cancer cells and provide a preliminary view of the effect of annual rainfall on the grape leaves‘ anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Carvalho Maurício 
Published: April 2015

O Hospital de Clínicas, gigante de mais de mil metros quadrados de área construída, mais de 471 leitos, com 59 de especialidades e número de atendimentos superiores a 96 mil por mês, possui médicos(357), professores e residentes(382) reconhecidos tanto pelo atendimento na área assistencial, quanto pela qualidade de ensino, pesquisas científicas e atividades de extensão.Necessita, porém, de maior divulgação de sua vocação para a pesquisa. O que se vê são ilhas de excelência, algumas vezes fechadas dentro de si mesmo. A cultura da pesquisa merece maior incentivo.O objetivo do lançamento da Revista é o de divulgar o conhecimento na área das ciências médicas e da saúde, com o objetivo de fornecer visibilidade, difundir e estimular a produção científica de nossa Instituição.Os artigos a serem publicados (originais, de revisão, editoriais, imagens médicas, perspectivas, relatos de casos) serão objeto de revisão por pares (peer review).Nasce agora a Revista. Possui objetivos de curto, médio e de longo prazo. Talvez, o mais importante seja, inicialmente, a continuidade, manter a periodicidade, que será inicialmente trimestral. Ainda, a curto prazo, a Revista pretende ser o instrumento de divulgação da pesquisa realizada por docentes e discentes, principalmente dos nossos programa de iniciação científica (TCCs, PIBICs, etc) e dos diversos projetos de extensão. A médio prazo, a vocação deve ser ampliada para divulgar os programas de pós-graduação lato e stricto senso e iniciar a busca por indexações em nível nacional. E que, no horizonte do longo prazo, possa ser reconhecida internacionalmente, indexada em bases como o PUBMED, coisa rara em nosso país e, particularmente, em nosso estado. Muito trabalho, muita ambição, as próximas gerações se encarregarão disso, tenho certeza. Quem viver verá. Prof. Dr. Mauricio de CarvalhoEditor Chefe da Revista Medica da UFPR
EDITORIAL
Authors: Carvalho Maurício 
Published: April 2015

Prezados leitores. Bem vindos a 2015, ano 2 da Revista Médica da UFPR (RMU). Após os quatro primeiros números, novos desafios e projetos. Depois da obtenção do ISSN, o International Standard Serial Number, que identifica o título de uma publicação seriada, vamos criar um endereço eletrônico próprio para a revista. Com isso, amplia-se a divulgação e as possibilidades de indexação em vários mecanismos de busca. Como sempre, contamos com a colaboração de todos para que divulguem sua produção científica em nossa revista. Neste número, o papel do fosfato como fator de risco cardiovascular na doença renal crônica e na população geral (“o mais novo vilão das doenças cardiovasculares”, segundo os autores) é revisado pelo grupo do professor Fellype Barreto, da PUCPR. O serviço de Alergia e Imunologia, ligado ao Departamento de Pediatria do HC-UFPR, apresenta atualização sobre angioedema hereditário, uma condição rara, mas de grande importância diagnóstica. Além disto, um artigo original, realizado no Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do HC-UFPR (SEMPR), avalia indivíduos com alta densidade mineral óssea e correlaciona este achado com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Por fim, uma pergunta interessante: pode Chopin ter sofrido de fibrose cística? Boa leitura,
Sanctionner les (non-) coupables. Préciser la disposition de non-responsabilité criminelle
Authors: Dej1 Erin , Gagné Francis 
Published: April 2015

L’appellation NRC (non-responsabilité criminelle) subit d’importantes modifications législatives qui accordent une plus grande attention à la sécurité publique et aux renseignements pour les victimes et qui visent également la création de la désignation « à haut risque ». Au Canada, cette appellation a un historique contradictoire qui accentue la complexité à superposer les structures thérapeutique et punitive. Les dernières modifications à la désignation NRC sont une réaction punitive aux réclamations du grand public quant à sa sécurité et à sa protection, ainsi qu’à une perte de confiance dans la capacité de la psychologie et des disciplines connexes à traiter et à gérer les accusés atteints de troubles mentaux. Par conséquent, l’appellation NRC a acquis une rhétorique punitive malgré le fait qu’elle est formulée en dehors du système de sanctions.
Microseismicity of the Béarn range: Reactivation of inversion and collision structures at the northern edge of the Iberian plate
Authors: Dumont Thierry , Replumaz Anne , Rouméjon Stéphane , Briais Anne , Rigo Alexis , Bouillin Jean‐Pierre 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Béarn range, located to the north of the Axial Zone in the Western Pyrenees, is affected by numerous small‐magnitude seismic events. These events overlap an area characterized by specific geological structures which are interpreted to have resulted from multistage extensional and compressional deformation. An analysis of surface geology draped over digital elevation model, together with field investigations, allow identification of two main shortening episodes with differing direction of contraction: D1 represents the inversion of the North Pyrenean Basin, whose Mesozoic infill was detached from highly extended crust and transported southward over the necking zone and the northern margin of the Iberian plate; D2 corresponds to the collision stage and is characterized in the study area by backfolding and backthrusting deformation coeval with uplift in the axial part of the chain due to thickening of the Iberian plate. The microseismicity appears to concentrate along the basal part of the inverted basin units (D1) where this initially low angle thrust has been tilted and steepened during collision (D2). We propose that local steepening of this ancient inversion structure, which should not be named “North Pyrenean Fault,” provided the suitable dip for extensional solicitation in association with the present uplift of the Axial Zone, whatever the driving mechanism of this uplift could be.
Toward an internal gravity wave spectrum in global ocean models
Authors: Müller Malte , Arbic Brian K. , Richman James G. , Shriver Jay F. , Kunze Eric L. , Scott Robert B. , Wallcraft Alan J. , Zamudio Luis 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHigh‐resolution global ocean models forced by atmospheric fields and tides are beginning to display realistic internal gravity wave spectra, especially as model resolution increases. This paper examines internal waves in global simulations with 0.08° and 0.04° (~8 and 4 km) horizontal resolutions, respectively. Frequency spectra of internal wave horizontal kinetic energy in the North Pacific lie closer to observations in the 0.04° simulation than in the 0.08° simulation. The horizontal wave number and frequency (K‐ω) kinetic energy spectra contain peaks in the semidiurnal tidal band and near‐inertial band, along with a broadband frequency continuum aligned along the linear dispersion relations of low‐vertical‐mode internal waves. Spectral kinetic energy transfers describe the rate at which nonlinear mechanisms remove or supply kinetic energy in specific K‐ω ranges. Energy is transferred out of low‐mode inertial and semidiurnal internal waves into a broad continuum of higher‐frequency and higher‐wave number internal waves.
Total Synthesis of Diterpenoid Steenkrotin A
Authors: Pan Saiyong , Xuan Jun , Gao Beiling , Zhu An , Ding Hanfeng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA concise and diastereoselective total synthesis of the diterpenoid (±)‐steenkrotin A is described for the first time. The strategy mainly features three key ring formations: 1) a rhodium‐catalyzed OH bond insertion followed by an intramolecular carbonyl‐ene reaction to build up the tetrahydrofuran subunit; 2) sequential SmI2‐mediated Ueno–Stork and ketyl–olefin cyclizations to construct the [5,7] spirobicyclic skeleton; and 3) an intramolecular aldol condensation/vinylogous retro‐aldol/aldol sequence to form the final six‐membered ring with inversion of the relative configuration at the C7 position.
Folding and Imaging of DNA Nanostructures in Anhydrous and Hydrated Deep‐Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Gállego Isaac , Grover Martha A. , Hud Nicholas V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThere is great interest in DNA nanotechnology, but its use has been limited to aqueous or substantially hydrated media. The first assembly of a DNA nanostructure in a water‐free solvent, namely a low‐volatility biocompatible deep‐eutectic solvent composed of a 4:1 mixture of glycerol and choline chloride (glycholine), is now described. Glycholine allows for the folding of a two‐dimensional DNA origami at 20 °C in six days, whereas in hydrated glycholine, folding is accelerated (≤3 h). Moreover, a three‐dimensional DNA origami and a DNA tail system can be folded in hydrated glycholine under isothermal conditions. Glycholine apparently reduces the kinetic traps encountered during folding in aqueous solvent. Furthermore, folded structures can be transferred between aqueous solvent and glycholine. It is anticipated that glycholine and similar solvents will allow for the creation of functional DNA structures of greater complexity by providing a milieu with tunable properties that can be optimized for a range of applications and nanostructures.
Dynamic Stability of Power Systems Using UPFC: Bat‐Inspired Search and Gravitational Search Algorithms
Authors: Vijay Kumar B. , Srikanth N. V. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the bat‐inspired algorithm and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) based optimal location and capacity of UPFC are proposed to improve the dynamic stability of power systems. The novelty of the proposed method is in improved searching ability, random reduction and reduced complexity. Here, the GSA is used to optimize the location of the UPFC if a generator fault occurs. The GSA selects the maximum power loss line as the optimum location to place UPFC as per the objective function, since the generator fault violates the system equality and inequality constraints from the secure limit. From the UPFC control parameters, the minimum voltage deviation is optimized using the bat algorithm. The minimum voltage deviation has been used to find the optimum capacity of the UPFC. Then the optimum UPFC capacity is applied in the optimum location, which enhances the dynamic stability of the system. The proposed method is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink platform and the performance is evaluated by means of comparison with the different techniques like GSA and bat‐inspired algorithm. The comparison results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach and confirm its potential to solve the problem.
Enhanced Shewanella biofilm promotes bioelectricity generation
Authors: Liu Ting , Yu Yang‐Yang , Deng Xiao‐Peng , Ng Chun Kiat , Cao Bin , Wang Jing‐Yuan , Rice Scott A. , Kjelleberg Staffan , Song Hao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTElectroactive biofilms play essential roles in determining the power output of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). To engineer the electroacitve biofilm formation of Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1, a model exoelectrogen, we herein heterologously overexpressed a c‐di‐GMP biosynthesis gene ydeH in S. oneidensis MR‐1, constructing a mutant strain in which the expression of ydeH is under the control of IPTG‐inducible promoter, and a strain in which ydeH is under the control of a constitutive promoter. Such engineered Shewanella strains had significantly enhanced biofilm formation and bioelectricity generation. The MFCs inoculated with these engineered strains accomplished a maximum power density of 167.6 ± 3.6 mW/m2, which was ∼ 2.8 times of that achieved by the wild‐type MR‐1 (61.0 ± 1.9 mW/m2). In addition, the engineered strains in the bioelectrochemical system at poised potential of 0.2 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) generated a stable current density of 1100 mA/m2, ∼ 3.4 times of that by wild‐type MR‐1 (320 mA/m2). Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2051–2059. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.