bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IS SPATIAL BOOTSTRAPPING A PANACEA FOR VALID INFERENCE?
Authors: Klarl Torben 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBootstrapping methods have so far been rarely used to evaluate spatial datasets. Based on an extensive Monte Carlo study we find that also for spatial, cross‐sectional data, the wild bootstrap test proposed by Davidson and Flachaire () based on restricted residuals clearly outperforms asymptotic as well as competing bootstrap tests, like the pairs bootstrap.
Evaluating the Wellness School Assessment Tool for Use in Public Health Practice to Improve School Nutrition and Physical Education Policies in New York
Authors: Brissette Ian , Wales Kathleen , O'Connell Meghan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAddressing the limitations of existing Local Wellness Policies (LWPs) and promoting their implementation remain priorities for health and education agencies. One gap has been the absence of a standard assessment to support LWP revision. During planning for an initiative to improve school nutrition and physical education policy, the Wellness School Assessment Tool (WellSAT) was evaluated.METHODSFive public health practitioners used WellSAT to assess 50 LWPs. A randomized, counterbalanced design ensured each LWP was coded twice by separate raters. Models evaluated the extent to which WellSAT ratings reflected differences in the LWPs and order, familiarity and rater effects. During field testing, 18 public health practitioners used WellSAT as part of a statewide public health initiative.RESULTSIn pilot testing the majority of the variability in WellSAT scores (median = 88%; range = 76% to 100%) was attributable to differences between policies. Correlations between independent raters' strength and comprehensiveness scores were strong, r = .88 and r = .77, respectively. During field testing, WellSAT was well accepted by public health practitioners and members of the school community.CONCLUSIONSWellSAT represents a reliable and feasible tool for health and education agencies to use in improving LWPs and aligning them with recognized standards.
Effectiveness of the Energize Elementary School Program to Improve Diet and Exercise
Authors: Herbert Patrick C. , Lohrmann David K. , Seo Dong‐Chul , Stright Anne D. , Kolbe Lloyd J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe rate of childhood obesity has more than tripled during the past 30 years. Research shows that prevention at an early age is more effective than treatment later in life. Energize is a multicomponent intervention incorporated into the school day that combines nutrition education and physical activity aimed at maintaining healthy weight among elementary school youth. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Energize program for changing dietary and physical activity habits compared to a control group of children not participating in the program.METHODSA total of 104, 3rd and 4th graders in 3 southern Indiana elementary schools took part in the study. A quasi‐experimental design was used to assess dietary and exercise habits of students in Energize and control groups through 12‐week diet/activity logs and post‐test questionnaires after controlling for the pre‐test results.RESULTSEnergize reduced consumption of French fries and potato chips, but did not increase physical activity.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides future researchers with a foundation for preparing longer studies of Energize or to compare multiple years of a standardized Energize curriculum.
Does a Socio‐Ecological School Model Promote Resilience in Primary Schools?
Authors: Lee Patricia C. , Stewart Donald E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThis research investigates the extent to which the holistic, multistrategy “health‐promoting school” (HPS) model using a resilience intervention can lead to improved resilience among students.METHODSA quasi‐experimental design using a study cohort selected from 20 primary schools in Queensland, Australia was employed. Ten intervention schools using HPS protocols, with training support, were compared with 10 control schools in student resilience scores and protective factors. Baseline data explored the interactive effect of protective factors on overall resilience scores. Postintervention analysis compared changes in protective factors and resilience, after implementing the HPS project.RESULTSBaseline data analysis indicated no significant differences in the mean scores of protective factors and resilience scores between intervention and control groups (except for school connection). After 18 months of implementation, a resurvey showed that the intervention group had significantly higher scores than the control group on students' family connection, community connection, peer support, and their overall resilience.CONCLUSIONSResults showed that students in the HPS group had significantly higher scores on resilience than did students in the control group. A comprehensive, whole‐school approach to building resilience that integrates students, staff, and community can strengthen important protective factors and build student resilience.
Family Homework and School‐Based Sex Education: Delaying Early Adolescents' Sexual Behavior
Authors: Grossman Jennifer M. , Frye Alice , Charmaraman Linda , Erkut Sumru 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEarly sexual activity can undermine adolescents' future school success and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of a family homework component of a comprehensive sex education intervention in delaying sexual initiation for early adolescents and to explore what social and contextual factors prevent adolescents from completing these family homework activities.METHODSThis mixed methods study included 6th‐ and 7th‐grade survey responses from 706 students at 11 middle school schools receiving a sex education intervention, as well as interviews from a subset of 33, 7th‐grade students from the larger sample.RESULTSAdolescents who completed more family homework assignments were less likely to have vaginal intercourse in 7th grade than those who completed fewer assignments, after controlling for self‐reports of having had vaginal intercourse in 6th grade and demographic variables. Participants' explanations for not completing assignments included personal, curriculum, and family‐based reasons.CONCLUSIONSFamily homework activities designed to increase family communication about sexual issues can delay sex among early adolescents and contribute to school‐based sex education programs. Successful sex education programs must identify and address barriers to family homework completion.
Sports Game Play: A Comparison of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities in Adolescents
Authors: Patience Marcia A. , Kilpatrick Marcus W. , Sun Haichun , Flory Sara B. , Watterson Thomas A. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch suggests participation in sports is an important contributor to overall adolescent physical activity (PA). Sports play has become increasingly important in physical education (PE) classes as a means for promoting healthful and enjoyable PA. Research is needed that investigates physiological and perceptual responses to sport play.METHODSWe studied 101 (55 males; 46 females, age 11‐14) students who participated in flag football (FF), basketball (BB), and flag rugby (FR). Activity counts were collected using accelerometers. Perceived competence and enjoyment were measured using the intrinsic motivation inventory.RESULTSEach sport activity produced acceptable levels of activity and positive perceptual responses, but differences among sports were noted. Accelerometry data indicated that FR and BB were more intense than FF (p < .001). Perceptual data indicated participation in FR elicited higher perceptions of competence and greater enjoyment when compared to FF and BB (p < .001).CONCLUSIONSParticipation in sport activity within middle school PE classes provides excellent opportunities for energy expenditure and positive perceptual responses. Most importantly, FR provides an activity stimulus that has potential benefits both physiologically and psychologically.
Measurement of IL‐12 (p40, p35), IL‐23p19, and IFN‐γ mRNA in Duodenal Biopsies of Cats with Inflammatory Enteropathy
Authors: Waly N.E. , Peters I.R. , Day M.J. , Stokes C.R. , Bailey M. , Gruffydd‐Jones T.J. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundDietary hypersensitivity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are important causes of chronic vomiting and diarrhea in cats. IL‐23 has been recently found to be a key factor in the immunopathogenesis of IBD in humans but the involvement in IBD has not been investigated in cats.Hypothesis/ObjectivesExpression of genes encoding Il‐12p35 and p40, IL‐23p19, and IFN‐γ may be up‐regulated in duodenal biopsy specimens taken from cats with histologic evidence of inflammation.Animals and MethodsDuodenal biopsy specimens were collected from control cats (n = 21) and cats with inflammatory enteropathy (n = 13). Routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and qRT‐PCR were used to assess expression of MHC class II and to measure gene transcripts encoding the p35, p40, and p19 subunits of the IL‐12 family of cytokines and IFN‐γ.ResultsThere were significant differences in expression of mRNA encoding IL‐12p35 and IL‐23p19 between healthy cats and cats with inflammatory enteropathy. IL‐12p35 mRNA was lower in the duodenal mucosa of cats with inflammatory enteropathy compared with the mucosa of healthy cats (P = .001). In contrast, IL‐23p19 mRNA expression was higher in duodenal biopsy specimens from cats with inflammatory enteropathy than in those from healthy controls (P = .001). There was no difference in expression of IL‐12p40 and IFN‐γ mRNA (P > .05). The majority of cats with inflammatory enteropathy had histologic evidence of moderate to severe colitis (score 2).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe results of this preliminary study suggest that IL‐23 plays a role in the pathogenesis of feline inflammatory enteropathy.
Two Kinds of Definites Cross‐linguistically
Authors: Schwarz Florian 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDefinite descriptions constitute a core device for managing reference in natural language, and their semantics has been explored in great detail within formal approaches. There also is a rich descriptive literature on cross‐linguistic phenomena concerning definites, but the theoretical literature has only recently begun to incorporate a wider range of languages and phenomena in this realm. The present paper provides an illustrative overview of one class of recently discussed cross‐linguistic phenomena, focusing on languages that differentiate between different kinds of definites (namely German, Fering, Akan, Mauritian Creole, Lakhota, Hausa, and Haitian Creole) and the theoretical views that seem to capture the two types most straightforwardly: one type of definite, involving ‘weak articles’, is based on uniqueness, whereas ‘strong article’ definites crucially involve an anaphoric link. The contrast extends to so‐called bridging uses in interesting ways, and the fact that there is a striking resemblance in the contrast across typologically unrelated languages points to a fundamental distinction that natural languages can utilize in organizing their referential system. The paper closes with an outlook on directions for future research.
RURAL CHILDREN AT RISK
Authors: Conger Rand D. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Family Life Project (FLP) is the most ambitious study ever launched to chart the course of social, emotional, and cognitive development of young, rural children—beginning at birth. The present monograph describes important findings from the research through three years of age. This commentary addresses several issues raised by the authors including the need for more rural research on child development, the representativeness of the study population and retention rates, methods for measuring socioeconomic disadvantage, the implications of the findings for theoretical models of socioeconomic influences on families and children, and the guidance the current findings provide for future research, social policy, and preventive interventions. I especially emphasize the extreme poverty and disadvantage of the African American families in the study.
A negative MYB regulator of proanthocyanidin accumulation, identified through expression quantitative locus mapping in the grape berry
Authors: Huang Yung‐Fen , Vialet Sandrine , Guiraud Jean‐Luc , Torregrosa Laurent , Bertrand Yves , Cheynier Véronique , This Patrice , Terrier Nancy 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites with multiple functions. In grape (Vitis vinifera), the most abundant flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PAs), major quality determinants for fruit and wine. However, knowledge about the regulation of PA composition is sparse. Thus, we aimed to identify novel genomic regions involved in this mechanism.

Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping was performed on the transcript abundance of five downstream PA synthesis genes (dihydroflavonol reductase (VvDFR), leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (VvLDOX), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (VvLAR1), VvLAR2 and anthocyanidin reductase (VvANR)) measured by real‐time quantitative PCR on a pseudo F1 population in two growing seasons.

Twenty‐one eQTLs were identified; 17 of them did not overlap with known candidate transcription factors or cis‐regulatory sequences. These novel loci and the presence of digenic epistasis support the previous hypothesis of a polygenic regulatory mechanism for PA biosynthesis.

In a genomic region co‐locating eQTLs for VvDFR, VvLDOX and VvLAR1, gene annotation and a transcriptomic survey suggested that VvMYBC2‐L1, a gene coding for an R2R3‐MYB protein, is involved in regulating PA synthesis. Phylogenetic analysis showed its high similarity to characterized negative MYB factors. Its spatiotemporal expression profile in grape coincided with PA synthesis. Its functional characterization via overexpression in grapevine hairy roots demonstrated its ability to reduce the amount of PA and to down‐regulate expression of PA genes.
Development of chloroplast‐specific microsatellite markers for molecular characterization of alloplasmic lines and phylogenetic analysis in wheat
Authors: Tomar Ram Sewak S. , Deshmukh Rupesh K. , Naik K. Bhojaraja , Tomar Shiv Mangal S. , Vinod  
Published: October 2013

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is strictly a self‐pollinated crop, where hybrid breeding requires well‐characterized cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines. The CMS has mostly been developed by substituting nuclear genome of wheat into the cytoplasm from wild relatives. Molecular characterization of 90 genotypes including 82 CMS lines originating from five different species, namely Aegilops speltoides, Ae. kotschyi, Ae. variabilis, Triticum araraticum and T. timopheevii, and eight popular varieties was carried out. Consequently, a set of 25 microsatellite markers specific to chloroplast (cpSSRs) were designed and successfully validated for specificity of amplification. A total of 15 cpSSRs (60%) were found polymorphic, of which three cpSSRs (TaCM7, TaCM8 and TaCM11) in genic region and twelve cpSSRs were located in intergenic region. Phylogenetic analysis of genotypes using cpSSRs revealed two major groups well in accordance with respective origin. A set of cpSSRs and phylogeny of CMS belonging to different origins developed, which will be helpful for the improvement in CMS system in wheat. The genic cpSSRs can be used for the allele mining and evolutionary studies.
Congenital Infantile Fibrosarcoma of the Lip
Authors: Bellfield Edward J. , Beets‐Shay Linda 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInfantile congenital fibrosarcomas are rare neoplasms that usually present on the extremities, and although they are locally invasive, they rarely metastasize. They are commonly misdiagnosed as hemangiomas or other vascular tumors, so further evaluation by pathology is required for proper diagnosis. We describe a newborn with a neoplastic growth of the lower lip that was thought to be an infantile hemangioma that did not respond to therapy. When the child was 2 months old, an incisional biopsy demonstrated a fibrosarcoma. This case highlights congenital infantile fibrosarcoma as a mimic of infantile hemangioma. To our knowledge this is first case report of congenital infantile fibrosarcoma involving the lip.
Treatment of Pediatric Pyogenic Granulomas Using β‐Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Wine Lee Lara , Goff Kiera L. , Lam Joseph M. , Low David W. , Yan Albert C. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPropranolol and timolol are nonselective ß‐adrenergic antagonists that induce peripheral vasoconstriction and affect angiogenic cytokines. Oral and topical ß‐blocker therapy has become the de facto first‐line treatment for complicated infantile hemangiomas because of its superior efficacy and tolerability. Pyogenic granulomas or lobular capillary hemangiomas are common acquired vascular tumors accounting for 0.5% of all skin nodules in children. Although they are benign vascular proliferations, treatment is often sought because of recurrent episodes of bleeding and for cosmetic considerations. Numerous treatment options are available, but recurrence rates are high. Noninvasive methods of treatment are being sought, particularly for young children. Herein we report a series of seven cases of cutaneous and mucosal pyogenic granulomas treated successfully using oral or topical ß‐blockers.
Crusted Scabies Misdiagnosed as Erythrodermic Psoriasis in a 3‐Year‐Old Girl with Down Syndrome
Authors: Fonseca Vanessa , Price Harper N. , Jeffries Michelle , Alder Steven L. , Hansen Ronald C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractScabies is a highly contagious infestation with the Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis mite. The variety of clinical presentations make timely, accurate diagnosis problematic. We report the case of a 3‐year‐old girl with Down syndrome and crusted scabies initially misdiagnosed as erythrodermic psoriasis.
The Construction of Cloned Sika Deer Embryos (Cervus nippon hortulorum) by Demecolcine Auxiliary Enucleation
Authors: Yin Y , Mei M , Zhang D , Zhang S , Fan A , Zhou H , Li Z 
Published: October 2013

ContentsThe objective of our study was to establish the feasibility of experimental protocols for cloning sika deer. We performed auxiliary enucleation to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer operation by optimizing the demecolcine concentration to induce cytoplasmic protrusions in the sika deer oocytes. In the present study,we had studied the impact of different demecolcine concentrations on cytoplasmic protrusions and enucleation rates. We determined that 95.9% of the sika deer oocytes formed cytoplasmic protrusions when treated for 1 h with 0.8 μg/ml demecolcine. The lowest observed rate of protrusion was 19.3% after overnight treatment with demecolcine. When the oocytes aged or had a poor cumulus expansion, they exhibited a significant decrease in the ability to form cytoplasmic protrusions. The rates of enucleation (94.9% vs 85.8%, p < 0.05), cell fusion (84.6% vs 70.1%, p < 0.05) and blastocyst formation (15.4% vs 10.9%, p < 0.05) using demecolcine auxiliary enucleation were significantly higher than those after blind enucleation. These results demonstrated that sika deer oocytes could be enucleated quickly and effectively using demecolcine auxiliary enucleation, which could enhance the enucleation rate, cell fusion rate and blastocyst rate of cloned embryos in vitro.
Comparison of Shearography to Scanning Laser Vibrometry as Methods for Local Stiffness Identification of Beams
Authors: Zastavnik F. , Pyl L. , Gu J. , Sol H. , Kersemans M. , Van Paepegem W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTLocal stiffness of Euler–Bernoulli beams can be identified by dividing the bending moment of a deformed beam by the local curvature. Curvature and moment distributions can be derived from the modal shape of a beam vibrating at resonance. In this article, the modal shape of test beams is measured by both scanning laser vibrometry (SLV) and shearography. Shearography is an interferometric optical method that produces full‐field displacement gradients of the inspected surface. Curvature can be obtained by two steps of derivation of the modal amplitude (in the case of SLV) or one step of derivation of the modal shape slope (in the case of shearography). Three specially prepared aluminium beams with a known stiffness distribution are used for the validation of both techniques. The uncertainty of the identified stiffness distributions with both techniques is compared and related to their signal‐to‐noise ratios. A strength and weakness overview at the end of the article reveals that the shearography is the technique that shows the most advantages.
Synthetic biology in plastids
Authors: Scharff Lars B. , Bock Ralph 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPlastids (chloroplasts) harbor a small gene‐dense genome that is amenable to genetic manipulation by transformation. During 1 billion years of evolution from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont to present‐day chloroplasts, the plastid genome has undergone a dramatic size reduction, mainly as a result of gene losses and the large‐scale transfer of genes to the nuclear genome. Thus the plastid genome can be regarded as a naturally evolved miniature genome, the gradual size reduction and compaction of which has provided a blueprint for the design of minimum genomes. Furthermore, because of the largely prokaryotic genome structure and gene expression machinery, the high transgene expression levels attainable in transgenic chloroplasts and the very low production costs in plant systems, the chloroplast lends itself to synthetic biology applications that are directed towards the efficient synthesis of green chemicals, biopharmaceuticals and other metabolites of commercial interest. This review describes recent progress with the engineering of plastid genomes with large constructs of foreign or synthetic DNA, and highlights the potential of the chloroplast as a model system in bottom‐up and top‐down synthetic biology approaches.
The effect of platelet‐derived microparticles in stored apheresis platelet concentrates on polymorphonuclear leucocyte respiratory burst
Authors: Xie R. F. , Hu P. , Li W. , Ren Y. N. , Yang J. , Yang Y. M. , Wang Z. Y. , Fan H. H. 
Published: October 2013

Background and ObjectivesPlatelet‐derived microparticles (PMPs) and other proinflammatory mediators, which are accumulated during the storage process, might induce transfusion adverse events. We hypothesized that the PMP primed polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) respiratory burst after the transfusion, which could be linked to the transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI).Materials and MethodsThe PMPs were isolated by centrifugation of the platelet‐free plasma from 10 apheresis platelet concentrates (A‐PLTs) at 20 000 × g for 1 h. The PMPs were counted by flow cytometric analysis, followed by Western blotting, that were performed on isolated PMPs. The soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L, sCD154) was assayed with ELISA. The priming of the formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLP)‐activated PMN respiratory burst was measured with the hydrogen peroxide production.ResultsThe PMP counts increased by 1·7‐folds after 3 days of storage. Meanwhile, sCD40L also significantly increased in PMP fraction isolated from the 3‐day stored A‐PLTs. Furthermore, Western blotting indicated that sCD40L was involved and concentrated in PMP. The PMPs were able to effectively prime the fMLP‐activated PMN respiratory burst, which was partly inhibited by CD154 monoclonal antibody or by filtration with 0·1 μm membrane. Significant relativity was existed between the PMP counts, sCD40L and priming activity during the A‐PLT storage.ConclusionThe platelet‐derived microparticles, which carried the sCD40L, accumulated in the apheresis platelet concentrates during the 5 days of storage. They primed the fMLP‐activated PMN respiration burst, which might be relative to TRALI.