bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Methodologies for Determining Delay Times in the Cone Calorimeter Fire Test
Authors: DiDomizio Matthew J. , Weckman Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An important step in calibrating a cone calorimeter apparatus is the determination of gas delay times. Gas concentration measurements must be made simultaneously in time with the main combustion events and processes (i.e., ignition, changes in mass loss rate, smoke production, and observed phenomena) to produce accurate results from the test. The calibration methodology prescribed in ASTM E1354-14e1 does not specify direct measurement of the transit time of gases through the apparatus or the response time of the individual analyzers, instead estimating total delay time by relating the thermal lag in the stack thermocouple to the transient response of the gas analyzers. Other methods to account for gas delay times are used in practice, leading to varying opinions on the method that is most suitable for oxygen consumption calorimetry. Furthermore, studies have shown that analyzer delay times are not consistent test-to-test, but depend on both the characteristics of the gas analyzer and sampling system (gas transit time) and the rates of production or consumption of gaseous species during a particular test (analyzer response time). In the present work, a methodology was proposed for measuring analyzer delay times by injecting a gas mixture of known concentration into the cone calorimeter exhaust stream. Delay times were computed using various methods, including ASTM E1354 and gas injection, and were evaluated with a series of cone calorimeter tests on various materials. Gas delay times determined by the ASTM E1354 method were found to produce inconsistent results for the cone calorimeter used in this study; results were significantly improved when alternative criteria were applied to the method. The square wave method was found to produce very good results for specimens with heat release rates greater than 3 kW; however, delay times in carbon monoxide production were not well represented. The gas injection method was found to produce excellent results, closely tracking oxygen consumption, carbon monoxide production, and carbon dioxide production in time, and as a result, the derived heat release rate coincided with observed events.
Applied Variable Neighborhood Search-Based Approach to Solve Two-Stage Supply Chain Scheduling Problems
Authors: Chang Yung-Chia , Chang Kuei-Hu , Kang Tien-Chi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
When a company uses a make-to-order or direct-order business model, it needs to keep a low finished goods inventory level to be competitive. However, a low inventory level will cause the company to have little buffer to face the unforeseeable demand surge, which strengthens the close relationship between the stage of production and distribution. This paper probes an integrated production and distribution scheduling problem in which jobs are first produced by a set of unrelated parallel machines and then directly distributed to the corresponding customers by vehicles with limited capacity, with no inventory kept at the production stage. The objective is to find a joint production and distribution schedule such that the total cost, considering both customer service level and total distribution cost, is minimized. This paper integrated the earliest available machine first (EAMF) and variable neighborhood search (VNS) to solve the two-stage scheduling problem and used EAMF, which considers the load of the unrelated parallel machine to generate a set of production schedules to be systematically optimized by VNS, along with optimized routing, and applied a shaking mechanism of VNS to escape from the local optimal solution. The results of the computational experiments showed that the proposed method is better than ant colony optimization (ACO) heuristic methods in the computation time and solution quality.
Evaluation of Austenite Phase in High-Carbon Steels by Ultrasonic Longitudinal Velocity
Authors: Khan S. H. , Khan A. Nusair 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Retained austenite is a remnant product that may induce significant changes in mechanical properties of the steel. Consequently, accurate and economical measurement of retained austenite is very important. In this regard, specimens of AISI-440C and AISI-A2 steels were austenized at different temperatures ranging from 950°C to 1250°C and then air cooled. This led to major microstructural changes in these specimens. These changes were characterized by using x-ray diffraction techniques, optical and electron microscopy, Rockwell hardness testing, and ultrasonic flaw detectors. This study revealed that there is a good correlation exists between austenite phase and the longitudinal velocity. The magnitude of longitudinal velocity can be used to obtain reliable, quick, and quantitative determination of the volume percentage of the austenite phase present on production floor with relative ease, and less destructive, as compared to other methods.
Digital Implementation of Neuro-Fuzzy System for Image Processing Functions
Authors: Elloumi Manel , Krid Mohamed , Masmoudi Dorra Sellami 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper described a hardware implementation approach of a new neuro-fuzzy system (NFS). The main idea was to exploit the powerful means of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system with respect to function approximation, making possible the implementation of reconfigurable hardware with on-chip learning. Different image processing tasks could be achieved based on a back-propagation (BP) learning algorithm. The complexity of this kind of implementation made the pulse mode an attractive solution. Such a technique provided higher integration density through its compactness. Details of the proposed design with on-chip learning were given. As application, illustrating the efficiency and scalability of the proposed NFS, we considered the approximation of image edge detection, which is a very important step in image processing. The proposed system provided efficient learning and good generalization results for different image categories (uniform, synthetic with texture, and natural images). Moreover, the efficiency of our proposed system versus other approaches was demonstrated. Design synthesis results on a Virtex-5 field programmable gate array (FPGA) platform were presented, proving that the implemented NFS provided the best compromise between compactness, speed, and accuracy compared to previous work in the literature.
Degradation Behavior of BaTiO3 Dielectrics for MLCCs by an Accelerated Life Test With Voltage and Temperature Stress Factors
Authors: Kim Juyoung , Lee Seung-Hwan , Yoon Jung-Rag , Van Tyne Chester J. , Ohk Ki-Yool , Lee Heesoo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
An accelerated life test (ALT) was designed under voltage and temperature stresses using 1005 type multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) based Ni-BaTiO3, and failure analysis was also conducted to compare the individual stress. The inverse power and Arrhenius models were applied to the voltage and temperature accelerated tests, respectively, and times to failure (TTF) of MLCCs under individual stress were measured. The stress–life relation was plotted from obtained life data, and characteristic life (B63.5) was calculated at the same condition of 130°C and 3 times rated voltage. B63.5 under the voltage stress was 15.91 min and that of the temperature stress was 17.23 min. It was determined that the voltage stress had more influence on the degradation of insulation resistance for MLCCs. As a result of an analysis of the chemical bonding state from the dielectric ceramic and inner electrodes, according to increase in the stresses, the binding energy of Ti 2p3/2 and Ni 2p3/2 peak changed, which generated oxygen vacancies. These oxygen vacancies accelerated the degradation under the high-voltage stress, caused the reduction of the BaTiO3 ceramic and oxidation of the Ni electrode, and consequently decreased the insulation resistance.
Terbium-Doped SrCoO3 as a New Cathode Material for IT–SOFC
Authors: Ma Pengcheng , Liu Tao , Yu Jingkun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cathode materials consisting of Sr1–xTbxCoO3–δ (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) were prepared from a stoichiometric mixture of SrCO3, Co3O4, and Tb4O7 for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT–SOFCs). The crystal structure of Sr0.9Tb0.1CoO3–δ was defined in the cubic Pm–3 m space group (No. 221), and Sr0.8Tb0.2CoO3–δ and Sr0.7Tb0.3CoO3–δ had a tetragonal I4/mmm structure. The electrical conductivity values were all higher than 407 S · cm−1 for T ≥ 500°C. The area specific resistances (ASRs) and its activation energy (Ea) increased with increasing x. The oxygen vacancies and the thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) decreased with increasing x. The TECs were influenced by the concentration of oxygen vacancies and the transition of the Co3+ ions from a low-spin to a high-spin state. The cathodes exhibited porosity microstructure and good adhesion to solid electrolyte. Sr0.9Tb0.1CoO3–δ had the best cathode characteristics and the most stable performance.
The Effective Thermal Conductivity of Water Based Nanofluids at Different Temperatures
Authors: Srinivas T. , Venu Vinod A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Three types of Al2O3/water, CuO/water, and TiO2/water nanofluids were prepared by dispersing nanoparticles in water. A surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)) was used to improve the dispersion of nanoparticles and suppress the formation of particle clusters to obtain stable suspensions. The effective thermal conductivity was measured using a thermal property analyzer. The addition of a surfactant did not have any effect on the thermal conductivity. The effect of nanoparticle particle concentration (0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt. %) at four nanofluid temperatures (40, 45, 50, and 60°C) was investigated. Results indicated that the thermal conductivity increased with increases in particle concentration and temperature. Two models (linear and nonlinear) were developed to predict the thermal conductivity.
Approximation Algorithms of Crack Growth Rate Curve Based on Crack Size Variations
Authors: Savkin A. N. , Andronik A. V. , Koraddi R. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Procedures for obtaining da/dN-ΔK curve on the basis of empirical a-N data were shown. Estimating approaches of crack growth rates for constant, block, variable amplitude, and similar loading were given. Computational methods of equivalent load range ΔPeqv, required for ΔK approximation in case of variable amplitude loading and plotting of a da/dN-ΔK chart, were presented. Advantages and disadvantages of suggested methods were also described. The application of approximation methods for da/dN-ΔK curve determination was imposed in case of constant amplitude loading and for modified SAESUS loading.
Using Systematic Innovation Process to Improve the Manufacturing Technology of Platelet Agitators
Authors: Hsia T. C. , Chen S. C. , Tsai R. K. , Huang S. C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This research took part in the research and development (R&D) and manufacturing processes of platelet agitator instruments at the W-ESPR Technology Company. First, two measurement indexes, the hazard probability and hazard severity, were used to evaluate all possible hazardous events drawn from ISO 14971 (the quality management of medical devices regulations) in the R&D and manufacturing processes. All possible hazardous events were then sifted to find potential hazardous events. Second, these two measurement indexes were combined into a complex risk index to identify the key hazardous events from the potential hazardous events. Third, this study then used the contradiction matrix theory of TRIZ to search for problem solutions for the key hazardous events. Finally, the Taguchi quality engineering method was used as a reference for imported platelet agitators to solve the key hazardous events. Using the systematic procedure proposed in this research, W-ESPR Technology Company developed high quality platelet agitators which were adopted by the Taiwan Blood Donation Center.
IMonitor: A Robust Pipeline for TCR and BCR Repertoire Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Du Yuanping , Su Zheng , Wang Changxi , Zeng Xiaojing , Zhang Ruifang , Hong Xueyu , Nie Chao , Wu Jinghua , Cao Hongzhi , Xu Xun , Liu Xiao 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The advance of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe the enormous diversity of the immune repertoire by deep sequencing T-cell receptors (TCRs) and B-cell receptors (BCRs). However, an efficient and accurate analytical tool is still on demand to process the huge amount of data. We have developed a high-resolution analytical pipeline, Immune Monitor (“IMonitor”) to tackle this task. This method utilizes realignment to identify V(D)J genes and alleles after common local alignment. We compare IMonitor with other published tools by simulated and public rearranged sequences, and it demonstrates its superior performance in most aspects. Together with this, a methodology is developed to correct the PCR and sequencing errors and to minimize the PCR bias among various rearranged sequences with different V and J gene families. IMonitor provides general adaptation for sequences from all receptor chains of different species and outputs useful statistics and visualizations. In the final part of this article, we demonstrate its application on minimal residual disease detection in patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In summary, this package would be of widespread usage for immune repertoire analysis.
Assessment Of The Deterioration Degree Of Airfield Pavement Functional Constituents Made Of Cement Concrete
Authors: Barszcz Piotr , Wesołowski Mariusz 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The characteristic feature of the approach to the analysis of the airfield pavement deterioration degree as outlined in this paper is the fact that not only existing deteriorations are taken into account of but also already completed historical repairs. This approach enables determination of resources needed to conduct repairs and setting up reasonable schedules of future overhauls. The proposed index of the pavement deterioration degree, calculated on the basis of measured deficiencies and past repairs, makes it possible to assess the technical condition of the airfield pavement in a comprehensive manner. The key information indispensable to evaluate the degree of deterioration of the airfield pavement surface includes data which can be acquired from already completed stocktaking inventories. The stocktaking process is based on the catalogue of deficiencies typical for airfield pavements and the rules for stocktaking measurements.
FOREST RESOURCE INCOME VARIATION IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL: A CASE STUDY FROM TWO CFUGS OF PARBAT DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Paudel Ganesh 
Published: August 2015

Inequality persists in Nepali society and various source of income including forest resource contributes to it. This study was conducted in two CFUGs of the Parbat district, Nepal and examines the variability in the forest resource income at the household level. Focus group discussion, Key informants survey and Household survey methods were employed to collect the primary data and random sample of 120 respondents were surveyed. Along with simple mathematical calculations statistical test ANOVA was performed for data analysis. Rich categories of users derive significantly more income from the CF than the middle and poor categories of users although being the larger share of CF income to the total forest income for poor users. The CF income also varies with the sex of the household head and caste of the users in absolute terms but not significant. The Gini coefficient of the income distribution is found 0.48, 0.34 and 0.31 for CF income, Private trees income and total forest income respectively. It is recommended to the CFUGs that the benefit sharing should be in the equitable basis for the sustainable use of the resources. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 1-10
Yield of Boro rice under system of rice intensification with different water regimes and manural status
Authors: Rahman MJ , Biswas PK , Amin AKM R , Zahan A 
Published: August 2015

A field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from December, 2011 to May, 2012 to study the yield of Boro rice under system of rice intensification (SRI) with different water regimes and manural status. The experiment consisted of two factors as three water regime viz., waterlogged condition (W1), saturated condition (W2) and alternate wet and dry condition (W3) in the main plots, and six manure and fertilizer combinations viz., cowdung 100% (F1), compost 100% (F2), chemical fertilizer 100% (F3), 50% chemical fertilizer + 25% compost + 25% cowdung (F4), 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% cowdung (F5) and 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% compost (F6) in the sub-plots. Water regime had significant effect on yield and yield components except number of effective tillers m-2, filled grains panicle-1, weight of 1000-grain and harvest index. The highest grain yield (5.74 t ha-1) was obtained from the waterlogged condition that was statistically similar with saturated condition (5.69), whereas alternate wet and dry (AWD) gave the lowest grain yield (4.36 t ha-1). Manural status also significantly influenced yield attributes except 1000-grains weight. The combination of chemical fertilizer, cowdung and compost showed the best performance compared to other manural status. The highest grain yield (5.81 t ha-1) was obtained from chemical fertilizer 50% + cowdung 25% + compost 25% and the lowest grain yield (4.71 t ha-1) was obtained from compost 100%. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1 (33.71) was obtained from compost 100%. Chemical fertilizer 50% + cowdung 25% + compost 25% showed the highest harvest index (46.78%). In case of interaction effect of water regime and manural status the highest grain yield was observed in chemical fertilizer 50% + cowdung 25% + compost 25% of saturated condition (6.80 t ha-1).Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 1-8
Yield potential of garden pea varieties at varied harvesting dates
Authors: Haque SR , Akter N , Khan MAH , Kabir K , Islam MM 
Published: August 2015

A field experiment was carried out at the experimental field of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during November 2008 through April 2009 to find out the performance of different pea varieties at different harvesting time. The treatments consisted of two factors, which were four harvesting times (70, 80, 90 and 100 days after sowing) and six varieties of garden pea (IPSA Motor shuti-1, IPSA Motor shuti-2, IPSA Motor shuti-3, BARI Motor shuti-1, BARI Motor shuti-3 and Local white). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The maximum pod yield (11.42 t ha-1) was obtained from BARI Motor shuti-1 harvesting at 80 days after sowing which was statistically similar to IPSA Motor shuti-2 harvesting at 80 days after sowing and Local white at same harvesting date and superior to the rest of the treatment combination. The lowest pod yield (5.25 t ha-1) was produced by BARI Motor shuti-1 harvesting at 70 days after sowing.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 21-28
Evaluation of tillage and planting system of upland crops during dry season
Authors: Bashar HMK , Hasan GN , Sarker JU , Rahaman F , Uddin I 
Published: August 2015

Upland crops cultivation in the south central coastal area of Bangladesh is limited due to heavy textured soil with late recession of flood water and early flash flood by heavy rainfall The present study was designed to find out tillage requirement and suitable planting system for upland crops.. Number of tillage (two to four passes) was evaluated along with two planting systems viz., bed and flat planting systems using four crops like, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), brinjal (S. melongena L.), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) The crops showed that increased fruit yield with increasing number of tillage in both planting system. But bed planting system produced higher fruit yield (brinjal 67.73 t ha-1, tomato 85.33 t ha-1, bittergourd 41.8 t ha-1 and cucumber 25.8 t ha-1) than flat planting system. Another, bed planting helped to escape crop damage by early heavy rainfall in all crops.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 29-37
Productivity and economics of mixed intercropping of potato with other short duration vegetables
Authors: Shaheb MR , Nazrul MI 
Published: August 2015

Mixed cropping has proven to be a useful approach to maximizing the crop productivity. Now a day, poverty alleviation of resource poor farmers is an important issue in Bangladesh and hence, mixed cropping system can be helpful to food security as well as to reduce poverty. The experiment was carried out at Moulvibazar and Sylhet districts during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to find out the agronomic performance of mixed intercropping of potato with different short duration vegetables crop and to increase the cropping intensity and profitability of the farmers in Sylhet region. The trial was conducted following RCB design with six dispersed replications. There were five treatments: T1: sole potato (100%), T2: potato (100%) + bush bean (50%), T3: potato (100%) + garden pea (50%), T4: potato (100%) + radish (50%) and T5: potato (100%) + bush bean (25%) + garden pea (15%) + radish (10%) used in the trial. Results revealed that the highest equivalent yields of potato 37.09 and 35.37 t ha-1 were recorded in potato (100%) + radish (50%) mixed intercropping system from Moulvibazar and Sylhet, respectively. Cost benefit analysis also showed that highest gross returns Tk. 3,70,910 and 3,53,690 and net returns Tk. 2,65,710 and 2,48,490 and benefic benefit cost ratio 3.53 and 3.36 were recorded in the same treatment combination in both locations, respectively. So, 100% potato with 50% radish intercropping system may be recommended as profitable mixed intercropping system in Sylhet region.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 39-46
Performance of sweet gourd as relay with transplanted aman rice under rainfed ecosystem in Sylhet region
Authors: Nazrul MI , Shaheb MR 
Published: August 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the economic benefits of sweet gourd relay with transplanted aman rice under farmers field condition at Farming System Research and Development (FSRD) site, Jalalpur and Multi Location Testing (MLT) site, Zakigonj of Sylhet region during 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The treatment combinations T1: T. aman rice / sweet gourd (var. Mollika), T2: T. aman rice / sweet gourd (var. Hatirpara) local, T3: Sweet gourd (var. Mollika) sole, T4: Sweet gourd (var. Hatirpara) sole and T5: T. aman rice sole (var. Binadhan-7) was maintained. The study was based in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with six dispersed replications. Results in terms of the crops yield, rice equivalent yield, gross return and net return with benefit cost ratio showed higher in sweet gourd / transplanted aman rice relay cropping system. So, sweet gourd relayed with transplanted aman rice could be an economically viable technology, instead of sole cropping, for best utilization of fallow land with residual soil moisture in Sylhet region.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 47-53