bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular-phylogenetic investigation of trichomonads in dogs and cats reveals a novel Tritrichomonas species
Authors: Tuska-Szalay Barbara , Gilbert Julia , Takács Nóra , Boldogh Sándor A. , Fáy József , Sterczer Ágnes , Psáder Roland , Kontschán Jenő , Izsó Ádám , Hornok Sándor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Trichomonosis is a common infection in small animals, mostly manifesting in gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. Although oral trichomonads are also known, the species found colonizing the large intestine are more frequently detected protozoa.

Methods
In the present study, four wildcats, 94 domestic cats, and 25 dogs, originating from 18 different locations in Hungary, were investigated for the presence of oral and large intestinal trichomonads based on the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2.

Results
All oral swabs were negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, Tritrichomonas foetus was detected in a high proportion among tested domestic cats (13.8%) and dogs (16%), and Pentatrichomonas hominis only in two domestic cats. In addition, a novel Tritrichomonas genotype was identified in one cat, probably representing a new species that was shown to be phylogenetically most closely related to Tritrichomonas casperi described recently from mice. All positive dogs and half of the positive cats showed symptoms, and among cats, the most frequent breed was the Ragdoll.

Conclusions
With molecular methods, this study evaluated the prevalence of oral and intestinal trichomonads in clinical samples of dogs and cats from Hungary, providing the first evidence of T. foetus in dogs of this region. In contrast to literature data, P. hominis was more prevalent in cats than in dogs. Finally, a hitherto unknown large intestinal Tritrichomonas species (closely related to T. casperi) was shown to be present in a cat, raising two possibilities. First, this novel genotype might have been a rodent-associated pseudoparasite in the relevant cat. Otherwise, the cat was actually infected, thus suggesting the role of a predator–prey link in the evolution of this trichomonad.

Graphical Abstract
Double vertical interrupted suture for optimal adaptation and stabilization of free gingival graft around dental implants: a case report
Authors: Moslemi Neda , Dolatabadi Amirmohammad , Mohseni Salehimonfared Seyedhossein , Goudarzimoghaddam Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Free gingival graft is commonly used to augment the keratinized mucosa and vestibular depth around dental implants. The proper suturing technique is fundamental to achieve a successful result following free gingival graft. However, there are limited studies that focus on the details of the suturing methods to optimize graft adaptation. The purpose of this technical note is to describe a new suturing technique for optimal approximation and stabilization of free gingival graft around dental implants.

Case presentation
Here, we present a 53-year-old Persian female with peri-implantitis and lack of keratinized mucosa around mandibular implants who was a candidate for free gingival graft. A new suturing technique, double vertical interrupted suture, was conducted in the interimplant areas. In addition, the suspensory cross-mattress sutures were added to ensure the adaptation of the graft over the implants. The proposed suturing technique is useful for soft tissue augmentation around multiple implants with concave or uneven recipient bed.

Conclusion
The present article describes a novel suturing technique for good adaptation and fixation of free gingival graft around dental implants.
Ψ-Bielecki-type norm inequalities for a generalized Sturm–Liouville–Langevin differential equation involving Ψ-Caputo fractional derivative
Authors: Serrai Hacen , Tellab Brahim , Etemad Sina , Avcı İbrahim , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe present research work investigates some new results for a fractional generalized Sturm–Liouville–Langevin (FGSLL) equation involving the Ψ-Caputo fractional derivative with a modified argument. We prove the uniqueness of the solution using the Banach contraction principle endowed with a norm of the Ψ-Bielecki-type. Meanwhile, the fixed-point theorems of the Leray–Schauder and Krasnoselskii type associated with the Ψ-Bielecki-type norm are used to derive the existence properties by removing some strong conditions. We use the generalized Gronwall-type inequality to discuss Ulam–Hyers (), generalized Ulam–Hyers (), Ulam–Hyers–Rassias (), and generalized Ulam–Hyers–Rassias () stability of these solutions. Lastly, three examples are provided to show the effectiveness of our main results for different cases of (FGSLL)-problem such as Caputo-type Sturm–Liouville, Caputo-type Langevin, Caputo–Erdélyi–Kober-type Langevin problems.
Co-design workshops with families experiencing multiple and interacting adversities including parental mental health, substance use, domestic violence, and poverty: intervention principles and insights from mothers, fathers, and young people
Authors: Muir Cassey , Kedzior Sophie G. E. , Barrett Simon , McGovern Ruth , Kaner Eileen , Wolfe Ingrid , Forman Julia R. ,   On behalf of the ORACLE consortium
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Clustering and co-occurring of family adversities, including mental health problems, substance use, domestic violence and abuse, as well as poverty can increase health and behavioural risks for children, which persist throughout the life course. Yet, interventions that acknowledge and account for the complex interactive nature of such risks are limited. This study aimed to develop intervention principles based on reflections from mothers, fathers, and young people who experience multiple and interacting adversities. These principles will show how family members perceive an intervention may bring about positive change and highlight key insights into design and delivery.

Methods
A series of six co-design workshops with mothers, fathers, and young people who experienced multiple and interacting adversities (n = 41) were iteratively conducted across two regions in England (London and North-East) by four researchers. Workshop content and co-design activities were informed by advisory groups. Data from facilitator notes and activities were analysed thematically, resulting in a set of intervention principles.

Results
The intervention principles highlighted that: (1) to reduce isolation and loneliness parents and young people wanted to be connected to services, resources, and peer support networks within their local community, particularly by a knowledgeable and friendly community worker; (2) to address feelings of being misunderstood, parents and young people wanted the development of specialised trauma informed training for practitioners and to have the space to build trusting, gradual, and non-stigmatising relationships with practitioners; and (3) to address the needs and strengths of individual family members, mothers, fathers, and young people wanted separate, tailored, and confidential support.

Conclusions
The current study has important implications for practice in supporting families that experience multiple and interacting adversities. The intervention principles from this study share common characteristics with other intervention models currently on offer in the United Kingdom, including social prescribing, but go beyond these to holistically consider the whole families’ needs, environments, and circumstances. There should be particular focus on the child’s as well as the mothers’ and fathers’ needs, independently of the family unit. Further refinement and piloting of the developing intervention are needed.
Prevalence and correlates of diarrhoea among children under five in selected coastal communities in Ghana
Authors: Bandoh Delia Akosua , Dwomoh Duah , Yirenya-Tawiah Dzidzo , Kenu Ernest , Dzodzomenyo Mawuli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Diarrhoea is a preventable disease affecting children under five years disproportionately. Globally, thousands of children die from diarrhoea related diseases each year, most deaths occuring in sub-Saharan Africa where Ghana is located. Coastal communities bear the greatest brunt due to poor sanitary conditions. We assess the prevalence of diarrhoea in selected coastal communities along the eastern coast of Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study in Mumford, Opetekwei, Anyako, Anyauni and Ateteti communities in the Central, Greater Accra and Volta region respectively. We interviewed households with children under five years on the occurrence of diarrhoea and health seeking practices. We also used a checklist to assess the sanitary conditions of the household. Frequencies and proportions were generated. We determined significant differences using modified Poisson regression models at p < 0.05. Results were presented in tables and text.

Results
The prevalence ratio of diarrhoea was 36% (95% CI 33–40%). Most cases were from Anyako community. All interviewed households in Mumford and Opetekwei used improved water sources whiles 94% in Atetetio used improved water sources. Children who were fully vaccinated had 32% lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to those who were not (aPR: 0.68, 95% CI 0.55–0.84).

Conclusion
Diarrhoea prevalence was high inspite of the reported use of improved water sources and sanitation facilities by majority of households in the communities. Fully vaccinated children had a relatively lower prevalence of diarrhoea compared to children who were not fully vaccinated. We recommend in-depth analysis of the use of water and sanitation facilities in these settings to understand the reasons for the observed diarrhoea prevalence.
Determinants of preventive behavior against Covid-19 in secondary school students based on Health Belief Model (HBM): a structural equations modeling (SEM)
Authors: Jadgal Mohammad Saeed , Karimi Mehrdad , Alizadeh-Siuki Hadi , Salarzehi Fatemeh Kord , Zareipour MoradAli 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeasures such as education, improving knowledge, attitude and taking preventive action to protect against COVID-19 are vital strategies for prevention. The aim of this study was to determine the predictability of Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs in performing preventive behaviors against COVID-19 among secondary school students in Chabahar, Iran. In this cross-sectional-analytical study, 400 secondary school students of Chabahar city were investigated by simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, behavior, and Health Belief Model constructs’ questions. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to evaluate the validity of HBM constructs, and the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of the relationship between knowledge, HBM constructs, and preventive behavior against COVID-19 based on the conceptual model. Based on the results of the structural modeling, the direct effect of knowledge on the constructs of the health belief model was positive and significant (β = 0.34, P-value < 0.001), and on the preventive behavior of students was insignificant (β = 0.12, P-value = 0.07) while the indirect effect of knowledge through increasing the constructs of the HBM on student behavior was positive and significant (β = 0.30, P < 0.001). The relationship between the constructs of the HBM constructs and student behavior was also positive and significant (β = 0.89, P-value < 0.001).Due to the fact that knowledge and HBM structures played a role in predicting the adoption of preventive behavior from COVID-19, it is possible to design appropriate interventions to increase knowledge, sensitivity, perceived severity, and self-efficacy, in order to recover from COVID-19 by adopting preventive behaviors.
Exploring CT pixel and voxel size effect on anatomic modeling in mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Ahmed Maariyah , Garzanich Myra , Melaragno Luigi E. , Nyirjesy Sarah , Windheim Natalia Von , Marquardt Matthew , Luttrull Michael , Quails Nathan , VanKoevering Kyle K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Computer-aided modeling and design (CAM/CAD) of patient anatomy from computed tomography (CT) imaging and 3D printing technology enable the creation of tangible, patient-specific anatomic models that can be used for surgical guidance. These models have been associated with better patient outcomes; however, a lack of CT imaging guidelines risks the capture of unsuitable imaging for patient-specific modeling. This study aims to investigate how CT image pixel size (X-Y) and slice thickness (Z) impact the accuracy of mandibular models.

Methods
Six cadaver heads were CT scanned at varying slice thicknesses and pixel sizes and turned into CAD models of the mandible for each scan. The cadaveric mandibles were then dissected and surface scanned, producing a CAD model of the true anatomy to be used as the gold standard for digital comparison. The root mean square (RMS) value of these comparisons, and the percentage of points that deviated from the true cadaveric anatomy by over 2.00 mm were used to evaluate accuracy. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post-hoc tests were used to determine significant differences in accuracy.

Results
Two-way ANOVA demonstrated significant difference in RMS for slice thickness but not pixel size while post-hoc testing showed a significant difference in pixel size only between pixels of 0.32 mm and 1.32 mm. For slice thickness, post-hoc testing revealed significantly smaller RMS values for scans with slice thicknesses of 0.67 mm, 1.25 mm, and 3.00 mm compared to those with a slice thickness of 5.00 mm. No significant differences were found between 0.67 mm, 1.25 mm, and 3.00 mm slice thicknesses. Results for the percentage of points deviating from cadaveric anatomy greater than 2.00 mm agreed with those for RMS except when comparing pixel sizes of 0.75 mm and 0.818 mm against 1.32 mm in post-hoc testing, which showed a significant difference as well.

Conclusion
This study suggests that slice thickness has a more significant impact on 3D model accuracy than pixel size, providing objective validation for guidelines favoring rigorous standards for slice thickness while recommending isotropic voxels. Additionally, our results indicate that CT scans up to 3.00 mm in slice thickness may provide an adequate 3D model for facial bony anatomy, such as the mandible, depending on the clinical indication.
A mini-review of efficacy, safety, and influence of novel evinacumab on familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Moradeyo Abdulrahmon Akanmu , Lema Kaleb , Ayo Olanipekun Ridwan , Obasanjo Opabode Muntaqim , Mustapha Mubarak Jolayemi , Stanley Anthony Chidera , Aderinto Nicholas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) poses a substantial risk of cardiovascular diseases. The recent approval of evinacumab signifies a breakthrough in FH management. This review synthesizes evidence from diverse clinical trials, examining evinacumab’s efficacy, safety, and broader impact on hypercholesterolemia.

Body
As highlighted by multiple trials, Evinacumab demonstrates robust efficacy in reducing LDL-C levels, particularly in refractory cases. Its sustained impact, evidenced by enduring reductions in LDL-C levels throughout extended treatment periods, positions it as a potential long-term solution. While the safety profile appears favorable, instances of deaths underline the importance of holistic clinical management and ongoing surveillance. The clinical implications are profound, suggesting evinacumab’s potential inclusion in guidelines for managing severe lipid disorders.

Conclusion
Future research directions emphasize inclusivity, diversity, and real-world applications to establish sustained efficacy and safety across diverse populations. Integrating evinacumab into clinical guidelines requires evidence-based recommendations, necessitating collaboration between researchers, clinicians, and guideline developers.
Significance of transthoracic ultra-sonography in early detection of patients with interstitial lung diseases in Aswan University Hospital
Authors: Ahmed Shazly , Sayed Suzan Salama , Gharib Mostafa , Kinawy Sayed Abdelsabour 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Recently, the diagnosis and follow-up of numerous pulmonary diseases such as pneumothorax, pneumonia, and pleural effusion were easily by use of conventional ultrasound, and the maximum usefulness of transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) in pulmonary diseases especially diffuse parenchymal lung disease has not been detected yet. This study was conducted to determine the value of transthoracic ultrasonography in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Moreover, the viable correlations of the ultrasound findings with the functional and radiological findings of ILDs had been assessed.

Results
TUS diagnosis was positive in 73 cases, there was a substantial variation between the two groups classified according to ultrasonographic diagnosis regarding age and smoking history (p = 0.003 and 0.013 respectively). All the patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (n = 42) and Indeterminate UIP (n = 49) had positive ultra-sonographic findings [p = 0.041 and 0.001 accordingly]. Regarding pulmonary function tests, there was a considerable variance between both groups regarding FVC, PEF, FEF25-75, FEV1/VC (p = 0.037, 0.029, 0.015, and 0.000 accordingly). The most positive US diagnosis areas were upper lateral, lateral basal, and interscapular areas. There was a weak negative correlation between TUS diagnosis and FVC [r =  − 0.25, p = 0.026].

Conclusion
We concluded the great significant value of TUS in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with interstitial lung diseases. It had an extremely thoughtful role in the diagnosis of ILD by detection of multiple B-lines distribution emerging from pleura and extending in the entire lung surface. The use of TUS in early detection and follow-up of ILDs reduced the cost.
Frequency of comedication of proton pump inhibitors with crystalline dasatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia and effects on TKI-bioavailability.
Authors: Dahlén Torsten , Larfors Gunnar , Lennernäs Hans , Liljebris Charlotta , Von Euler Mikael , Brisander Magnus , Andersson Per , Stenke Leif 
Published: June 2024

6561 Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), including dasatinib, have profoundly improved clinical outcome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, solubility, bioavailability and systematic exposure of the crystalline formulation of dasatinib (Sprycel) is reduced at higher gastric pH levels. This is problematic for comedication with acid reducing agents as lower bioavailability may reduce clinical response. Methods: We investigated proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and TKI comedication, including dasatinib, in a large real world CML cohort. Furthermore, we assessed the influence of timing of PPI comedication on the absorption and bioavailability of dasatinib. Results: Using the Swedish CML- and Prescribed Drug-Registries, we identified 1,328 chronic phase CML patients, diagnosed 2002-2018. 1,261 (95%) had received specified/known TKI treatment and 685 of those (54%) were prescribed a PPI (ATC-code: “A02BC”) at some point after CML diagnosis. TKIs and PPIs prescribed within 12 months of CML diagnosis were prescribed by different HCPs in 66% of cases (284/432). Of the 388 patients treated with dasatinib, 91 (23.5%) received a concomitant PPI. The PPI prescription rate increased to 53% (204/388) in the dasatinib cohort after dasatinib treatment had ended. Further, we assessed the drug-drug interaction (DDI) in 18 healthy volunteers given crystalline dasatinib (100mg) alone or together with omeprazole (40mg, at steady state) administered 9 hours apart; a time point when a high effect on bioavailability is expected. Compared to dosing with crystalline dasatinib alone, Cmax and AUC0-24 were reduced by 96% and 88% by omeprazole comedication (Table). Conclusions: Despite warnings, comedication with PPI is common among dasatinib treated CML patients. Further, an even larger proportion of patients need PPI co-treatment, which however, cannot fully be administered due to its negative impact on dasatinib pharmacokinetics. Moreover, with an optimized study design, we observed a higher than previously reported negative interaction of PPI comedication on crystalline dasatinib bioavailability. This may compromise clinical efficacy and risk CML disease progression. For patients in need of PPI, selection of a non-crystalline, less pH-sensitive formulation of dasatinib therefore appears more appropriate. Clinical trial information: NCT06145217 . [Table: see text]
Time toxicity for patients receiving oral versus parenteral hypomethylating agents for myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS).
Authors: Epstein Robert S , Zeidan Amer Methqal , Olopoenia Abisola , Costantino Halley , Modi Kushal , Salimi Tehseen , Washington Terri , Krenitsky JoAnn 
Published: June 2024

6568 Background: Patients spend substantial time receiving cancer care. Patients with higher-risk MDS treated with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are generally older and have a median life expectancy of 11–17 months. Patients receiving parenteral treatment for MDS spend significant time in clinics receiving HMA treatment; as such, information on the time burden of treatments (“time toxicity”) is needed to help clinicians guide patients and caregivers with alternative routes of administration. The development of oral HMA therapies offers a strategy that mitigates the time toxicity associated with MDS treatment by increasing the number of “home days” for patients. This study details the time burden among patients with MDS receiving oral HMA therapy versus those receiving intravenous and subcutaneous (IV/SC) HMAs. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of adult patients with MDS initiating HMA therapy (oral or IV/SC HMA), using the US Cerner Enviza claims database (08/2020–08/2022). Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed on the treatment groups to balance confounding factors; matched cohorts were analyzed (N=158 each). The total direct healthcare encounter days for oral and IV/SC HMA administered patients were evaluated based on the number of healthcare encounter days spent on parenteral HMA administration (0 days for oral HMAs), outpatient, inpatient, and emergency room (ER) visits, and infusion days. Only distinct encounter days were included in the total count; multiple visits in a day were de-duplicated. Mean (SD) healthcare days for oral versus IV/SC HMA groups were calculated for each type of healthcare encounter and summarized. Results: Patients receiving oral HMA incurred a mean total of 15.2 healthcare encounter days compared with 32.8 days for those receiving IV/SC HMAs (Table). Most encounter days for the oral HMA cohort were in the outpatient setting (34.9%) while most encounters for the IV/SC HMA cohort were attributed to receiving parenteral HMA administration (55.5%), followed by inpatient (16.2%) and outpatient visits (14.9%). Conclusions: This study, which is the first report to date of time toxicity in MDS among patients treated with HMA therapy, revealed that patients receiving oral HMA incurred half the time burden of those receiving IV/SC HMAs. Further research is warranted to validate these results in a larger patient cohort and compare these findings with other cancer therapies. [Table: see text]