bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the UK's revised paracetamol poisoning management guidelines on admissions, adverse reactions and costs of treatment
Authors: Bateman D. Nicholas , Carroll Robert , Pettie Janice , Yamamoto Takahiro , Elamin Muhammad E. M. O. , Peart Lucy , Dow Margaret , Coyle Judy , Cranfield Kristina R. , Hook Christopher , Sandilands Euan A. , Veiraiah Aravindan , Webb David , Gray Alasdair , Dargan Paul I. , Wood David M. , Thomas Simon H. L. , Dear James W. , Eddleston Michael 
Published: March 2014

AimsIn September 2012 the UK's Commission on Human Medicines (CHM) recommended changes in the management of paracetamol poisoning: use of a single ‘100 mg l−1’ nomogram treatment line, ceasing risk assessment, treating all staggered/uncertain ingestions and increasing the duration of the initial acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion from 15 to 60 min. We evaluated the effect of this on presentation, admission, treatment, adverse reactions and costs of paracetamol poisoning.MethodsData were prospectively collected from adult patients presenting to three large UK hospitals from 3 September 2011 to 3 September 2013 (year before and after change). Infusion duration effect on vomiting and anaphylactoid reactions was examined in one centre. A cost analysis from an NHS perspective was performed for 90 000 patients/annum with paracetamol overdose.ResultsThere were increases in the numbers presenting to hospital (before 1703, after 1854; increase 8.9% [95% CI 1.9, 16.2], P = 0.011); admitted (1060/1703 [62.2%] vs. 1285/1854 [69.3%]; increase 7.1% [4.0, 10.2], P < 0.001) and proportion treated (626/1703 [36.8%] vs. 926/1854 [50.0%]; increase: 13.2% [95% CI 10.0, 16.4], P < 0.001). Increasing initial NAC infusion did not change the proportion of treated patients developing adverse reactions (15 min 87/323 [26.9%], 60 min 145/514 [28.2%]; increase: 1.3% [95% CI –4.9, 7.5], P = 0.682). Across the UK the estimated cost impact is £8.3 million (6.4 million–10.2 million) annually, with a cost‐per‐life saved of £17.4 million (13.4 million–21.5 million).ConclusionsThe changes introduced by the CHM in September 2012 have increased the numbers of patients admitted to hospital and treated with acetylcysteine without reducing adverse reactions. A safety and cost‐benefit review of the CHM guidance is warranted, including novel treatment protocols and biomarkers in the assessment of poisoning.
Genetic polymorphisms modify bladder cancer recurrence and survival in a USA population‐based prognostic study
Authors: Andrew Angeline S. , Gui Jiang , Hu Ting , Wyszynski Asaf , Marsit Carmen J. , Kelsey Karl T. , Schned Alan R. , Tanyos Sam A. , Pendleton Eben M. , Ekstrom Rebecca M. , Li Zhongze , Zens Michael S. , Borsuk Mark , Moore Jason H. , Karagas Margaret R. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo identify genetic variants that modify bladder cancer prognosis focusing on genes involved in major biological carcinogenesis processes (apoptosis, proliferation, DNA repair, hormone regulation, immune surveillance, and cellular metabolism), as nearly half of patients with bladder cancer experience recurrences reliable predictors of this recurrent phenotype are needed to guide surveillance and treatment.Patients and methodsWe analysed variant genotypes hypothesised to modify these processes in 563 patients with urothelial‐cell carcinoma enrolled in a population‐based study of incident bladder cancer conducted in New Hampshire, USA. After diagnosis, patients were followed over time to ascertain recurrence and survival status, making this one of the first population‐based studies with detailed prognosis data. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prognosis endpoints.ResultsPatients with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) variants had a shorter time to first recurrence (adjusted non‐invasive hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–2.78). There was longer survival among patients with non‐invasive tumours associated with DNA repair X‐ray repair cross‐complementing protein 4 (XRCC4) heterozygous genotype compared with wild‐type (adjusted HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.74). Time to recurrence was shorter for patients who had a variant allele in vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1) and were treated with immunotherapy (P interaction < 0.001).ConclusionsOur analysis suggests candidate prognostic SNPs that could guide personalised bladder cancer surveillance and treatment.
When satisfaction is not directly related to the support services received: understanding parents' varied experiences with specialised services for children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Robert Marie , Leblanc Line , Boyer Thierry 
Published: March 2014

Accessible summary

Parents of children with developmental disabilities need formal support services to help them.

Their well‐being and satisfaction depend on how the support services respond to their needs.

Some parents want to be more involved in decisions about support services and intervention for the best of their child's interests.

Other parents believe that the child's best interest are addressed adequately by the professionals who deliver the services.

SummaryParents of children with developmental disabilities (autism or intellectual disabilities) are more susceptible to stress and have a greater burden of adversity than other parents. Their well‐being and satisfaction greatly depend on the system's response of finding them formal support and the help they need. This study proposes an interpretive approach, based on the (fifteen) parents' experiences, to find and understand the strengths and weaknesses of specialised support services. Furthermore, our research aims to obtain data on parents' experiences in order to identify the conditions and the perceptions on which feeling satisfaction or dissatisfaction is based. The situations that were considered positive are all directly related to the professional concrete support parents say they received (e.g. ‘working with’ their child to improve communication with him or her, understanding his or her issues, and managing difficult behaviours). However, the overall experience of each parent has either a dominant positive or a dominant negative connotation. The parents' satisfaction or dissatisfaction appears to be constructed from two criteria: (i) whether parents see themselves as experts or nonexperts on the situation of their child and (ii) parents' opinions on the purpose or goal of the intervention or of the services they received.
In vivo opioid receptor heteromerization: where do we stand?
Authors: Massotte D 
Published: March 2014

Opioid receptors are highly homologous GPCRs that modulate brain function at all levels of neural integration, including autonomous, sensory, emotional and cognitive processing. Opioid receptors functionally interact in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms involving direct receptor–receptor interactions, affecting signalling pathways or engaging different neuronal circuits, remain unsolved. Heteromer formation through direct physical interaction between two opioid receptors or between an opioid receptor and a non‐opioid one has been postulated and can be characterized by specific ligand binding, receptor signalling and trafficking properties. However, despite numerous studies in heterologous systems, evidence for physical proximity in vivo is only available for a limited number of opioid heteromers, and their physiopathological implication remains largely unknown mostly due to the lack of appropriate tools. Nonetheless, data collected so far using endogenous receptors point to a crucial role for opioid heteromers as a molecular entity that could underlie human pathologies such as alcoholism, acute or chronic pain as well as psychiatric disorders. Opioid heteromers therefore stand as new therapeutic targets for the drug discovery field.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2
Change in functional selectivity of morphine with the development of antinociceptive tolerance
Authors: Macey T A , Bobeck E N , Suchland K L , Morgan M M , Ingram S L 
Published: March 2014

Background and PurposeOpioids, such as morphine, are the most effective treatment for pain but their efficacy is diminished with the development of tolerance following repeated administration. Recently, we found that morphine activated ERK in opioid‐tolerant but not in naïve rats, suggesting that morphine activation of μ‐opioid receptors is altered following repeated morphine administration. Here, we have tested the hypothesis that μ‐opioid receptor activation of ERK in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) is dependent on dynamin, a protein implicated in receptor endocytosis.Experimental ApproachRats were made tolerant to repeated microinjections of morphine into the vlPAG. The effects of dynamin on ERK activation and antinociception were assessed by microinjecting myristoylated dominant‐negative dynamin peptide (Dyn‐DN) or a scrambled control peptide into the vlPAG. Microinjection of a fluorescent dermorphin analogue (DERM‐A594) into the vlPAG was used to monitor μ‐opioid receptor internalization.Key ResultsMorphine did not activate ERK and Dyn‐DN administration had no effect on morphine‐induced antinociception in saline‐pretreated rats. In contrast, morphine‐induced ERK activation in morphine‐pretreated rats that was blocked by Dyn‐DN administration. Dyn‐DN also inhibited morphine antinociception. Finally, morphine reduced DERM‐A594 internalization only in morphine‐tolerant rats indicating that μ‐opioid receptors were internalized and unavailable to bind DERM‐A594.Conclusions and ImplicationsRepeated morphine administration increased μ‐opioid receptor activation of ERK signalling via a dynamin‐dependent mechanism. These results demonstrate that the balance of agonist signalling to G‐protein and dynamin‐dependent pathways is altered, effectively changing the functional selectivity of the agonist‐receptor complex.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Opioids: New Pathways to Functional Selectivity. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-2
Linking Past, Present, and Future: Children's Ability to Connect Mental States and Emotions Across Time
Authors: Lagattuta Kristin Hansen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRemembering the past can shape current emotions and behaviors as well as bias anticipations of the future. This awareness that mental states and emotions cohere across time—sometimes called mental time travel—is a fundamental component of social cognition critical for assessing risk, making decisions, and understanding others. In this article, I highlight early competencies and development in young children's reasoning about connections among life history, mind, and emotion. I focus primarily on children's knowledge about emotions and decisions caused by being reminded about the past and thinking about the future. Findings reveal surprising insights in children as young as 3–4 years of age, age‐related changes through middle childhood into adulthood, and individual differences that have implications for mental health.
Longitudinal evaluation of fluoride levels in nails of 18–30‐month‐old children that were using toothpastes with 500 and 1100 μg F/g
Authors: Amaral Jackeline G. , Freire Isabelle R. , Valle‐Neto Eduardo F. R. , Cunha Robson F. , Martinhon Cleide C. R. , Delbem Alberto C. B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the fluoride concentration in the fingernails and toenails of children aged 18–30 months during use of fluoride‐containing toothpastes supplemented with calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) or sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP).MethodsAccording to the toothpaste used, children (n = 56) were randomly assigned into three groups: 500 μg F/g with 1% TMP, 500 μg F/g with 0.25% CaGP, and 1100 μg F/g. Fingernails and toenails were collected monthly over a period of 330 days, from the beginning of toothpaste use. Fluoride concentration in the water consumed by the volunteers and fluoride intake from diet and toothpaste were also determined. Fluoride analyses were performed with the electrode after hexamethyldisiloxane‐facilitated diffusion or by the direct method, according to the samples. Data passed normality and homoscedasticity tests and were analyzed by 2‐way analysis of variance (anova) and 1‐way anova followed by Student‐Newman‐Keuls test (P < 0.05).ResultsFluoride levels in the fingernails and toenails as well as fluoride intake from toothpaste were similar for the groups treated with 500 μg F/g with 1% TMP and 500 μg F/g with 0.25% CaGP toothpastes, but significantly lower than the 1100 μg F/g group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted among the groups regarding fluoride intake from diet and that by water consumed by the volunteers (P > 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the longitudinal study suggest that the level of fluoride present in nails was lower with the use of toothpastes with a low fluoride concentration.
CXC chemokines and antimicrobial peptides in rhinovirus‐induced experimental asthma exacerbations
Authors: Rohde G. , Message S. D. , Haas J. J. , Kebadze T. , Parker H. , Laza‐Stanca V. , Khaitov M. R. , Kon O. M. , Stanciu L. A. , Mallia P. , Edwards M. R. , Johnston S. L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryRationaleRhinoviruses (RVs) are the major triggers of asthma exacerbations. We have shown previously that lower respiratory tract symptoms, airflow obstruction, and neutrophilic airway inflammation were increased in experimental RV‐induced asthma exacerbations.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that neutrophil‐related CXC chemokines and antimicrobial peptides are increased and related to clinical, virologic, and pathologic outcomes in RV‐induced exacerbations of asthma.MethodsProtein levels of antimicrobial peptides (SLPI, HNP 1–3, elafin, and LL‐37) and neutrophil chemokines (CXCL1/GRO‐α, CXCL2/GRO‐β, CXCL5/ENA‐78, CXCL6/GCP‐2, CXCL7/NAP‐2, and CXCL8/IL‐8) were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 10 asthmatics and 15 normal controls taken before, at day four during and 6 weeks post‐experimental infection.ResultsBAL HNP 1–3 and Elafin were higher, CXCL7/NAP‐2 was lower in asthmatics compared with controls at day 4 (P = 0.035, P = 0.048, and P = 0.025, respectively). BAL HNP 1–3 and CXCL8/IL‐8 were increased during infection (P = 0.003 and P = 0.011, respectively). There was a trend to increased BAL neutrophils at day 4 compared with baseline (P = 0.076). BAL HNP 1–3 was positively correlated with BAL neutrophil numbers at day 4. There were no correlations between clinical parameters and HNP1–3 or IL‐8 levels.ConclusionsWe propose that RV infection in asthma leads to increased release of CXCL8/IL‐8, attracting neutrophils into the airways where they release HNP 1–3, which further enhances airway neutrophilia. Strategies to inhibit CXCL8/IL‐8 may be useful in treatment of virus‐induced asthma exacerbations.
Review of the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Indigenous Australians
Authors: Kaidonis Georgia , Mills Richard A , Landers John , Lake Stewart R , Burdon Kathryn P , Craig Jamie E 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this review is to compare the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Australian DR prevalence data from 6 Indigenous studies (n = 2865) and 5 non‐Indigenous studies (n = 9801) conducted between 1985 and 2013 were included for analysis. Estimated prevalence of any DR among Indigenous Australians with DM was 23.4% compared with 28.9% for non‐Indigenous Australians (χ2 = 26.9, P < 0.001). In studies performed after 1990, a significantly higher rate of diabetic macular edema was found in Indigenous compared with non‐Indigenous Australians with DM (7.6% versus 4.9%, χ2 = 6.67, P = 0.01). Although there are limitations in comparing these studies, one explanation for the observed data could be a model in which Indigenous Australians are relatively resistant to early stage DR, but with a subset progressing to sight threatening DR due to individual genetic and environmental susceptibility factors coupled with poor glycemic control.
Two‐piece zirconia implants supporting all‐ceramic crowns: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Cionca Norbert , Müller Nada , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective clinical study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new all‐ceramic implant system to replace missing teeth in partially edentulous patients.Material and methodsThirty‐two partially edentulous, systemically healthy patients were treated with 49 two‐piece zirconia implants (ZERAMEX® T Implant System). Zirconia abutments were connected with adhesive resin cement. Single‐unit full‐ceramic crowns were cemented. The cases have been followed for 588±174 days after loading (range 369–889 days). All patients have been re‐evaluated 1 year after loading.ResultsThe cumulative survival rate 1 year after loading was 87% implants. All failures were the result of aseptic loosening, and no implants were lost after the first year. The results of the other cases were good, and the patients were very satisfied. The cumulative soft tissue complication rate was 0%, the cumulative technical complication rate was 4% implants, the cumulative complication rate for bone loss >2 mm was 0%, and the cumulative esthetic complication rate was 0%. Including the data from 20 patients treated with an earlier version of the system, an over‐all 2‐year cumulative survival rate of 86% was calculated for a total of 76 two‐piece zirconia implants supporting all‐ceramic crowns in 52 patients.ConclusionsReplacement of single teeth in the posterior area was possible with this new full‐ceramic implant system. Failures were due to aseptic loosening.
A prospective study of changes in oral health‐related quality of life during immediate function implant procedures for edentulous individuals
Authors: Misumi Saori , Nakamoto Tetsuji , Kondo Yusuke , Mukaibo Taro , Masaki Chihiro , Hosokawa Ryuji 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) attributable to fixed dental prostheses during All‐on‐4® treatment in one or both jaws.Materials and methodsTen patients underwent placement of four or six endosteal dental implants on the basis of the All‐on‐4® treatment concept in the edentulous maxilla or both jaws and immediate loading with acrylic interim prostheses. The prostheses were replaced after 3–6 months, and definitive prostheses with titanium framework and reinforced resin facing were fixed after another 5 months or more. The subjects completed the shortened Japanese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐J14) before the surgery (T0), 1 week after the initial (T1) and secondary (T2) interim prostheses were placed, and 3 months after definitive prosthesis placement (T3). Complete data of nine subjects were analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.ResultsThe total OHIP‐J14 score significantly reduced only at T3 (P < 0.05). “Functional limitation,” “physical pain,” “physical disability,” and “psychological disability” scores significantly decreased at T3, and “psychological discomfort” scores also significantly dropped at T2. “Social disability” and “handicap” scores remained unchanged throughout.ConclusionFixed definitive prostheses with metal framework are more effective than fixed all‐acrylic prostheses in improving OHRQoL during All‐on‐4® treatment.
The virtual patient in dental medicine
Authors: Joda Tim , Gallucci German O. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this Short Communication was to present a workflow for the superimposition of intraoral scan (IOS), cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT), and extraoral face scan (EOS) creating a 3D virtual dental patient.Material and MethodsAs a proof‐of‐principle, full arch IOS, preoperative CBCT, and mimic EOS were taken and superimposed to a unique 3D data pool. The connecting link between the different files was to detect existing teeth as constant landmarks in all three data sets.ResultsThis novel application technique successfully demonstrated the feasibility of building a craniofacial virtual model by image fusion of IOS, CBCT, and EOS under 3D static conditions.ConclusionsThe presented application is the first approach that realized the fusion of intraoral and facial surfaces combined with skeletal anatomy imaging. This novel 3D superimposition technique allowed the simulation of treatment planning, the exploration of the patients′ expectations, and the implementation as an effective communication tool. The next step will be the development of a real‐time 4D virtual patient in motion.
Retracted: Influence of the implant design on osseointegration and crestal bone resorption of immediate implants: a histomorphometric study in dogs
Authors: Boquete‐Castro Ana , Gómez‐Moreno Gerardo , Aguilar‐Salvatierra Antonio , Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael A. , Romanos Georgios E. , Calvo‐Guirado José Luis 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate bone‐to‐implant contact after immediate implant placement at different levels in relation to crestal bone in American foxhound dogs.Materials and methodsThe mandibular second, third, and fourth premolars of six American foxhound dogs were extracted bilaterally. Randomly, three immediate implants were placed in the hemimandible of each dog at the bone crest (control group) or 2 mm subcrestally (test group). Three dogs were allowed an 8‐week healing period; the other three were left a 12‐week healing period. After healing periods, histomorphometric analyses of the specimens were carried out to measure BIC values and bone remodeling.ResultsAll implants healed uneventfully and were available for histological analysis. The total BIC mean values were 44.52% (±8.67) and 39.50% (±9.25) at 8 and 12 weeks, respectively, for the control group, and 47.33% (±5.23) and 53.85% (±4.21) at 8 and 12 weeks after healing for the test group, respectively. There was observed less bone resorption in the group of implants placed subcrestally.ConclusionOur findings suggest that less resorption may be expected when implants are inserted 2 mm subcrestally. Moreover, higher BIC values in the group of subcrestal implants were found.
Differences in the age‐drug use curve among students and non‐students in the UK
Authors: Bennett Trevor H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe aim of this study is to assess whether the delayed peak in the age‐drug use prevalence curve among college students compared with non‐college students observed in studies in the USA would be replicated in the UK.Design and MethodsThe analysis was based on data collected as part of the Crime Survey for England and Wales 2010–2011, a national general household survey of young people and adults. A random sample of approximately 26 000 respondents was asked questions covering use of 19 drugs.ResultsThe study provides evidence of a delayed age‐drug use peak among students compared with non‐students of similar age. During the period of age 20–22, drug use prevalence among students was similar to, or higher than, that of non‐students. The relationship of student status and elevated drug use only occurred during the narrow age range associated with emerging adulthood (ages 20–22). University attendance before or after this period was not associated with higher prevalence rates among students compared with non‐students.Discussion and ConclusionExplanations of the age‐drug use peak among students would need to take into account that university attendance alone might not result in higher drug use prevalence rates. This would mean that explanations that focus on the interaction between university life and emerging adulthood might provide the most promising lines of enquiry. [Bennett T.H. Differences in the age‐drug use curve among students and non‐students in the UK. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33: 280–286]