bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endometriosis‐associated tumor at the inguinal site: Report of a case diagnosed during pregnancy and literature review
Authors: Bergamini Alice , Almirante Giada , Taccagni Gianluca , Mangili Giorgia , Viganò Paola , Candiani Massimo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMalignant degeneration of endometriosis in the inguinal region is rare, and has only been reported in six cases in the literature, none of which was detected during pregnancy. We present the first case of endometriosis‐associated adenocarcinoma in the inguinal region in a 34‐year‐old woman who was 35 weeks' pregnant. The tumor rapidly grew in the last 2 months of pregnancy as a left inguinal painful mass. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a moderate‐to‐poorly differentiated ovarian‐type endometrioid adenocarcinoma arisen in endometriosis foci of both typical and atypical type. Elective labor induction was performed at 35 weeks of gestation and subsequently the patient underwent a conservative surgical treatment followed by chemotherapy. This case raises issues on the management of such an unusual tumor both during and outside pregnancy.
Prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy among Egyptian women
Authors: Ahmed Magdy R. , Madny Elham H. , Sayed Ahmed Waleed A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) during pregnancy in a sample of women from Egypt.Materials and MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who presented to the Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic – Suez Canal University Hospital for routine antenatal care between February 2012 and February 2013. The 451 women who completed the study attended during their first trimester with a singleton pregnancy and were in a stable relationship with their partners for the last 6 months. Sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire during the 4 weeks preceding pregnancy and then in each trimester during the antenatal visits.ResultsPrevalence of FSD during pregnancy was estimated to be 68.8%. According to the FSFI, scores of all domains and total score were significantly reduced during the whole period of pregnancy (average 22.5 ± 3.7) compared to the pre‐conception period (30.5 ± 5.6). However, there was significant increase of all domains and total score during the second trimester (26.6 ± 3.9) in comparison to the first and third trimesters (22.4 ± 4.1 and 18.6 ± 3.8, respectively). Total FSFI score was found to be positively correlated to pre‐conception total FSFI score. However, age, parity and duration of marriage were negatively correlated.ConclusionFSD is a prevalent problem during pregnancy among Egyptian women. The magnitude of the problem is highest during the third trimester while the second trimester represents the peak of sexual function during pregnancy.
Vanishing twin as a potential source of bias in non‐invasive fetal sex determination: A case report
Authors: Vlková Barbora , Hodosy Július 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDetection of fetal sex based on fetal DNA present in maternal plasma is already in clinical use. Here we present a case of false positivity during the first trimester which may be attributable to a vanishing twin. The presence of Y‐chromosome‐specific sequences is used as a marker to indicate a male fetus and the absence of a female fetus. Fetal sex determination was conducted in a pregnant woman at gestational week 10. The sample was positive in all triplicates. Ultrasonography at gestational week 20 revealed female sex. Analysis of sample taken at gestational week 22 indicated a female fetus. According to recently published meta‐analyses, non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal sex has high sensitivity and specificity values. Nevertheless, false negative and false positive cases occur. Future studies focusing on the dynamics of fetal DNA are needed. Vanishing twin might be one of the possible causes of false positivity in fetal sex determination.
Peritumoral enhancement in endometrial cancer on dynamic contrast‐enhanced imaging: Radiologic–pathologic correlation
Authors: Fujii Shinya , Kido Aki , Mikami Yoshiki , Matsumura Noriomi , Konishi Ikuo , Togashi Kaori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report two cases of endometrial carcinoma in which peritumoral enhancement (PTE) was detected on dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) images and was compared with the pathologic findings. In the first case, DCE images showed subendometrial enhancement (SEE) disrupted by focally irregular PTE, reflecting the increased vascularity at the tumor attachment site. In the second case, DCE images revealed the presence of PTE as an irregular, thin‐layered early enhancement, reflecting the increased vascularity at the tumor front. In similar cases, the presence of PTE should be recognized in order to avoid a possible misinterpretation as SEE.
Increased levels of IL‐21 responses are associated with the severity of liver injury in patients with chronic active hepatitis B
Authors: Pan Q. , Yu Y. , Tang Z. , Xi M. , Jiang H. , Xun Y. , Liu X. , Liu H. , Hu J. , Zang G. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryInterleukin‐21 (IL‐21) participates in tissue damage in various immune‐mediated diseases. Its role in the pathogenesis of chronic active hepatitis B (CAHB) has not been clarified. The frequency of circulating IL‐21+ T cells and the levels of serum and intrahepatic IL‐21 have been characterized in 70 CAHB patients, 32 inactive carrier (IC), 18 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 20 healthy controls (HC). Their potential association with liver injury was analysed. The percentages of IL‐21+CD3+CD8− and IL‐21+CD3+CD8+ T cells and the levels of serum IL‐21 in CAHB patients were significantly higher than that in the IC, CHC patients and HC (P < 0.001) and were correlated positively with the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT, r = 0.424, P < 0.001; r = 0.392, P = 0.001) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, r = 0.388, P = 0.001; r = 0.329, P = 0.005) in CAHB patients, respectively. The levels of IL‐21 expression in the liver tissues were associated significantly with increased degrees of inflammation and fibrosis in CAHB patients (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that aberrant IL‐21 responses may be associated with the progression of CHB.
Effect of sucralfate on oral minocycline absorption in healthy dogs
Authors: KuKanich K. , KuKanich B. , Harris A. , Heinrich E. 
Published: March 2014

Sucralfate and minocycline may be administered concurrently to dogs. The relative bioavailability of tetracyclines may be reduced if administered with sucralfate, but studies confirming these interactions in dogs are not available. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of oral minocycline in dogs (M), determined the effects of concurrent administration of sucralfate and minocycline (MS) on minocycline pharmacokinetics, determined the effects of delaying sucralfate administration by 2 h (MS+2) on minocycline pharmacokinetics, and established dosing recommendations based on pharmacodynamic indices. Oral minocycline (300 mg) and sucralfate suspension (1 g) were administered to five greyhounds in a randomized crossover design. Minocycline plasma concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The maximum plasma concentration (CMAX) and area under the curve (AUC) of minocycline were 1.15 μg/mL and 8.0 h* μg/mL, respectively. The CMAX and AUC were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the MS group (CMAX = 0.33 μg/mL, AUC 3.0 h*μg/mL) compared with M or MS+2 (CMAX = 0.97 μg/mL, AUC 10.3 h*μg/mL). Delaying sucralfate by 2 h did not decrease oral minocycline absorption, but concurrent administration significantly decreased minocycline absorption. A dose of 7.5 mg/kg p.o. q12 h achieves the pharmacodynamic index for a bacterial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL (AUC:MIC≥33.9).
Population pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular administration of tulathromycin in adult desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)
Authors: Kinney M. E. , Lamberski N. , Wack R. , Foster R. , Neely M. , Tell L. , Gehring R. 
Published: March 2014

Tulathromycin, a long acting macrolide antibiotic, has demonstrated efficacy against respiratory pathogens including Mycoplasma bovis and M. hyopneumoniae. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to evaluate the clinical applicability of tulathromycin in desert tortoises following a single intramuscular dose of 5 mg/kg. A single blood sample was collected from 110 different desert tortoises at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 240 h following drug administration. Plasma concentrations of the parent form of tulathromycin were measured using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. As each tortoise was only bled once, pharmacokinetic parameters were initially estimated using a naïve pooled data approach. Given the variability in the data, population‐based compartmental modeling was also performed. Using nonparametric population compartmental modeling, a two‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination best fit the data. An observed Cmax of 36.2 ± 29.7 μg/mL was detected at 0.25 h (observed Tmax). The elimination half‐life (T½el) was long (77.1 h) resulting in detectable plasma concentrations 240 h postadministration. This study represents a preliminary step in evaluating the utility of tulathromycin in chelonian species and demonstrates that population data modeling offers advantages for estimating pharmacokinetic parameters where sparse data sampling occurs and there is substantial variability in the data.
Reimagining the Romantic Imagination: Embodied, Proto‐Cognitive Psychologies in Joanna Baillie's Introductory Discourse and Orra
Authors: Bergen Daniel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the Biographia Literaria, Coleridge describes the primary imagination as a divinely inspired, supreme faculty of the mind – “a repetition in the finite of the eternal act of creation of the infinite I AM.” This spiritually understood, disembodied, deistic interpretation of the brain's creative center has come to signify the Romantic dualist perspective of the imagination; however, contemporary research in the fields of Romanticism and Cultural Cognitive Studies suggests that there may be a considerable amount to learn from reconsidering Romantic era notions of an embodied psychology. In that spirit, this essay will seek a new paradigm for an embodied, Romantic imagination, considering it from the perspective of the Scottish playwright, poetess, and theorist, Joanna Baillie. Through careful analysis of the Introductory Discourse, her preface to the inaugural Series of Plays on the Passions (originally published in 1798), and Orra, her tragedy on the singular passion of fear, as well as through the use of cognitive literary theory, I will demonstrate how Joanna Baillie proto‐cognitively envisions the imagination as a significant means through which the embodied mind relates to and understands the world.
Made of the Mist: Nineteenth‐Century British and American Views of Niagara I
Authors: Hallett Adam 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWriting within the conventions of the European sublime was often problematic for 19th‐century travel writers who discovered that Niagara had no Old World precedent. I am concerned here with the development of the Falls' treatment in the 19th century when they first became widely written upon, painted, and commercially exploited after the 1825 completion of the Erie Canal. In what follows, I explore the importance of various ‘points of view,’ a term often used by Henry James as a device to describe a perspective both visual and thematic. These points of view will take in subjects that include silence, guidebook empiricism, guidebook Romanticism, nationalism, irreverence and an artistic acceptance of the Falls as a tourist destination.
Nitric oxide function in plant biology: a redox cue in deconvolution
Authors: Yu Manda , Lamattina Lorenzo , Spoel Steven H. , Loake Gary J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryNitric oxide (NO), a gaseous, redox‐active small molecule, is gradually becoming established as a central regulator of growth, development, immunity and environmental interactions in plants. A major route for the transfer of NO bioactivity is S‐nitrosylation, the covalent attachment of an NO moiety to a protein cysteine thiol to form an S‐nitrosothiol (SNO). This chemical transformation is rapidly emerging as a prototypic, redox‐based post‐translational modification integral to the life of plants. Here we review the myriad roles of NO and SNOs in plant biology and, where known, the molecular mechanisms underpining their activity.

Contents

Summary
1142

I.
Introduction
1142

II.
Routes of NO production
1143

III.
Oxidative routes of NO synthesis
1143

IV.
Reductive routes of NO synthesis
1144

V.
Transfer of NO bioactivity
1144

VI.
NO function in plant immunity
1145

VII.
Role of NO in hypersensitive cell death
1147

VIII.
NO and abiotic stress
1148

IX.
NO function in plant development
1149

X.
NO contributes to the balancing of growth with development in roots
1149

XI.
NO action in root hair development and gravitropic responses
1151

XII.
Signalling cross‐talk in roots between NO and ROIs
1151

XIII.
NO regulation of root iron homeostasis
1152

XIV.
Future perspectives
1152

Acknowledgements
1153

References
1153
Dynamic infrared imaging analysis of apical hook development in Arabidopsis: the case of brassinosteroids
Authors: Smet Dajo , Žádníková Petra , Vandenbussche Filip , Benková Eva , Van Der Straeten Dominique 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Germination of Arabidopsis seeds in darkness induces apical hook development, based on a tightly regulated differential growth coordinated by a multiple hormone cross‐talk. Here, we endeavoured to clarify the function of brassinosteroids (BRs) and cross‐talk with ethylene in hook development.

An automated infrared imaging system was developed to study the kinetics of hook development in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. To ascertain the photomorphogenic control of hook opening, the system was equipped with an automatic light dimmer.

We demonstrate that ethylene and BRs are indispensable for hook formation and maintenance. Ethylene regulation of hook formation functions partly through BRs, with BR feedback inhibition of ethylene action. Conversely, BR‐mediated extension of hook maintenance functions partly through ethylene. Furthermore, we revealed that a short light pulse is sufficient to induce rapid hook opening.

Our dynamic infrared imaging system allows high‐resolution, kinetic imaging of up to 112 seedlings in a single experimental run. At this high throughput, it is ideally suited to rapidly gain insight in pathway networks. We demonstrate that BRs and ethylene cooperatively regulate apical hook development in a phase‐dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that light is a predominant regulator of hook opening, inhibiting ethylene‐ and BR‐mediated postponement of hook opening.
IFN‐τ Acts in a Dose‐Dependent Manner on Prostaglandin Production by Buffalo Endometrial Stromal Cells Cultured in vitro
Authors: Chethan SG , Singh SK , Nongsiej J , Rakesh HB , Singh RP , Kumar N , Agarwal SK 
Published: March 2014

ContentsInterferon‐τ (IFN‐τ) has been recognized as the primary embryonic signal responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy. Uterine endometrium produces both prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGF2α is responsible for the luteolysis; however, PGE2 favours establishment of pregnancy by its luteoprotective action. In this study, the dose‐response effect of recombinant bovine IFN‐τ (rbIFN‐τ) on prostaglandin (PG) production by buffalo endometrial stromal cells cultured in vitro was studied. Buffalo endometrial stromal cells were isolated by double enzymatic digestion, initially with trypsin III followed by a cocktail of trypsin III, collagenase type II and DNase I and subsequently cultured till confluence. Further, cells were treated with different doses of rbIFN‐τ (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μg/ml) and keeping a separate set of control. Culture supernatant was collected after 6, 12 and 24 h of treatment. PG levels in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme immune assay (EIA) and total cellular protein estimated by Bradford method. Results indicated that buffalo endometrial stromal cells following rbIFN‐τ treatment enhanced the secretion of both PGE2 and PGF2α, and also its ratio in a strict dose‐dependent manner with a significant increase (p < 0.01) in PGE2 production at 1 μg/ml dose of rbIFN‐τ and maximal stimulation for both PG was observed at 10 μg/ml. Further, both PG production and its ratio were increased significantly (p < 0.01) in a time‐dependent fashion in all the groups at 6, 12 and 24 h post‐treatment with highest level achieved at 24 h as compared with control. Absolute levels of PGE2 remained higher than PGF2α indicating PGE2 as the major PG produced by endometrial stromal cells. The dose‐dependent response of rbIFN‐τ signifies the importance of optimum concentration of IFN‐τ for the embryonic development especially during the critical period to establish successful pregnancy.
Variable and Threshold Selection to Control Predictive Accuracy in Logistic Regression
Authors: Kuk Anthony Y. C. , Li Jialiang , John Rush A. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryUsing data collected from the ‘Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression’ study, we use logistic regression to predict whether a patient will respond to treatment on the basis of early symptom change and patient characteristics. Model selection criteria such as the Akaike information criterion AIC and mean-squared-error of prediction MSEP may not be appropriate if the aim is to predict with a high degree of certainty who will respond or not respond to treatment. Towards this aim, we generalize the definition of the positive and negative predictive value curves to the case of multiple predictors. We point out that it is the ordering rather than the precise values of the response probabilities which is important, and we arrive at a unified approach to model selection via two-sample rank tests. To avoid overfitting, we define a cross-validated version of the positive and negative predictive value curves and compare these curves after smoothing for various models. When applied to the study data, we obtain a ranking of models that differs from those based on AIC and MSEP, as well as a tree-based method and regularized logistic regression using a lasso penalty. Our selected model performs consistently well for both 4-week-ahead and 7-week-ahead predictions.
Politics, Religion, Attribution Theory, and Attitudes Toward Same‐Sex Unions
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThe relationship between beliefs about the cause of homosexuality, political and religious ideology, and attitudes toward same‐sex unions in the United States is unclear. This study aims to examine the mediating influence and socially embedded nature of attribution beliefs at a time when attitudes toward same‐sex unions are undergoing substantial changes in the American public.MethodThis study employs simultaneous equation path models and a recent national, random sample of American adults (Baylor Religion Survey 2010) to test each hypothesis.ResultsResults reveal that constructed opinions about the origin and controllability of homosexuality significantly influence support for same‐sex unions. However, these opinions are socially embedded, especially within particular political and religious ideologies.ConclusionThese findings highlight that while widespread changes in beliefs about the cause of homosexuality may presage shifts in support for same‐sex unions, many will be able to resist those shifts toward support, possibly leading to their further marginalization within society.
New Methods for the Analysis of Links between International Firm Activities and Firm Performance: A Practitioner's Guide
Authors: Wagner Joachim 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper is a non‐technical introduction to the use of three micro‐econometric tools that have only recently been applied in empirical investigations of the links between international firm activities and firm performance. It shows why it is important to use these methods, how to use them in practice and which new insights are found in empirical applications. Topics include the role of extremely different firms (or outliers) in the computation of performance premia of internationally active firms; different performance premia over the distribution of the performance variable when unobserved heterogeneity matters; and the analysis of causal effects of different intensities of international firm activity on firm performance.
Sugar or High Fructose Corn Syrup—What Should Nurses Teach Patients and Families?
Authors: Sobel Linda L. , Dalby Elizabeth 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is lack of consensus in the lay literature to support consumption of table sugar as a preferred sweetener when compared to high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).AimsThe purpose of this study was to search the literature for evidence to determine the health effects of consumption of table sugar (sucrose) and HFCS on blood glucose, lipid levels, obesity, and appetite as well as to make recommendations for patient and family teaching of those at risk for developing negative health outcomes, including coronary heart disease.MethodsNursing and health‐related databases, including CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and Health and Wellness were searched for research articles, which were compared and evaluated for purpose, sample size, procedure, findings, and level of evidence.FindingsFive studies that met inclusion criteria were evaluated. No difference was found in changes in blood glucose levels, lipid levels, or appetite between table sugar consumption and HFCS consumption. When only fructose was consumed, lipid levels were significantly increased.Linking Evidence to ActionThe evidence suggests that fructose, found in both table sugar and HFCS, has a negative effect on health outcomes. Clinicians should teach patients and families that all sugar consumption should be closely monitored and kept below the 40 g/day recommended by the World Health Organization.
Molecular characterization of haemococcidia genus Schellackia (Apicomplexa) reveals the polyphyletic origin of the family Lankesterellidae
Authors: Megía‐Palma Rodrigo , Martínez Javier , Merino Santiago 
Published: March 2014

The current taxonomy on the haemococcidia establishes that the two genera of protozoan parasites that integrate the family Lankesterellidae are Lankesterella and Schellackia. However, the phylogeny of these genera, as well as the other coccidia, remains unresolved. In this sense, the use of type and described species is essential for the resolution of systematic conflicts. In this study, we molecularly characterize the type species of the genus Schellackia, that is, S. bolivari from Europe and also a described species of the same genus from Asia. At the same time, we contribute with the molecular characterization of another species of the genus Lankesterella. All this put together supports the polyphyly of the family Lankesterellidae. Therefore, we propose the resurrection of the zoological family, Schellackiidae Grassé , to include species within the genus Schellackia.
Log pluricanonical representations and the abundance conjecture
Authors: Fujino Osamu , Gongyo Yoshinori 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe prove the finiteness of log pluricanonical representations for projective log canonical pairs with semi-ample log canonical divisor. As a corollary, we obtain that the log canonical divisor of a projective semi log canonical pair is semi-ample if and only if the log canonical divisor of its normalization is semi-ample. We also treat many other applications.