bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bank Z's communication dilemma during Turkey's 2001 crisis
Authors: Vardar Nükhet 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
Marketing.

Study level/applicability
The primary target for this case study is marketing and communications undergraduate students, especially those from emerging countries; the secondary target is MBA students studying principles of marketing, integrated marketing communications.

Case overview
Turkey probably faced the most severe economic crisis after the Second World War in February 21, 2001, when the Turkish Lira was devalued by 94 percent against US dollar just overnight. Against this volatile business environment, Bank Z as one of the major banks in Turkey, was preparing for the launch of a major new marketing and communication plan. In April 2000 Bank Z had set itself the target of “changing the banking concept in Turkey, accomplishing no other bank was able to realize”. So Bank Z was ready to communicate its new consumer banking products when the country started to face rough times. Especially financial institutions and banks were encountering serious trust issues. Bank Z on the other hand, had grouped its products according to their line of financial expertise in five groups with the aim of having specialized personnel in these different areas, serving clients in the best possible way. Furthermore, the bank was aiming to realize 80 percent of its transactions via telephone and internet banking. Therefore, Bank Z had undertaken major technological investments in order to be able to deliver these services. But under these volatile economic conditions, should they go ahead with the campaign? Or should they postpone the campaign? Or should they realize it with a reduced frequency and budget? What if they postpone and one of the competitors start a new advertising campaign with similar propositions? The case tries to answer these critical questions with the help of market data, showing the likely course of business decisions can take in an emerging country just under 24 hours.

Expected learning outcomes
There are two main outcomes: first, to show the importance of consistent, continuous and sustainable communication for brand's marketing activities, especially during times of economic instability. The second outcome is to simulate difficulties of decision making under highly volatile market conditions and in high-risk environments, especially when the business environments can change abruptly.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available.
Palmoplantar keratosis in oculodentodigital dysplasia with a GJA1 point mutation out of the C‐terminal region of connexin 43
Authors: Kogame Toshiaki , Dainichi Teruki , Shimomura Yutaka , Tanioka Miki , Kabashima Kenji , Miyachi Yoshiki 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGap junction proteins are composed of 21 genes of the connexin (Cx) family. They play important roles in cell–cell contact by exchange of small molecules through hemichannels. Hence, mutations of Cx family genes affect various tissues of a body. The mutation of the GJA1 gene, which codes Cx43, causes oculodentodigital dysplasia (ODDD), commonly in an autosomal dominant manner with phenotypic variability. It has been believed that gene mutations causing truncation of the Cx43 C‐terminus is necessary and sufficient for palmoplantar keratosis (PPK) development in ODDD patients. Here, we report a case of an ODDD patient developing PPK with a GJA1 gene mutation (c.412G>A/p.Gly138Ser), which was previously reported in a case of ODDD without PPK and expected not to result in C‐terminal truncation of Cx43. This case suggests not only C‐terminal truncation, but also that a point mutation in the cytoplasmic region of Cx43 can cause PPK in ODDD patients.
Accuracy of 3D Scanners in Tooth Mark Analysis
Authors: Molina Ana , Martin‐de‐las‐Heras Stella 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of contact and laser 3D scanners in tooth mark analysis. Ten dental casts were scanned with both 3D scanners. Seven linear measurements were made from the 3D images of dental casts and biting edges generated with DentalPrint© software (University of Granada, Granada, Spain). The uncertainty value for contact 3D scanning was 0.833 for the upper dental cast and 0.660 mm for the lower cast; similar uncertainty values were found for 3D‐laser scanning. Slightly higher uncertainty values were obtained for the 3D biting edges generated. The uncertainty values for single measurements ranged from 0.1 to 0.3 mm with the exception of the intercanine distance, in which higher values were obtained. Knowledge of the error rate in the 3D scanning of dental casts and biting edges is especially relevant to be applied in practical forensic cases.
Sex Classification Using the Three‐Dimensional Tibia Form or Shape Including Population Specificity Approach
Authors: Brzobohatá Hana , Krajíček Václav , Horák Zdeněk , Velemínská Jana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aims of this study were to enable geometric morphometric sex classification using tibial proximal and distal sexual dimorphism and to evaluate the secular trend of tibial shape/form from the early 20th century to the present day. The study samples consisted of 61 adult tibias from an early 20th‐century Czech population and 57 three‐dimensional tibias from a 21st‐century population. Discriminant function analysis with cross‐validation was carried out to assess the accuracy of sex classification. Shape analysis revealed significant sex differences in both tibial extremities of the 21st‐century sample and in the proximal tibia of the 20th‐century population. Sex‐based divergence varied between the analyzed samples, raising the issues of population specificity and diachronic change. Classification using tibial form was more successful than using tibial shape. The highest values of correct assignment (91.80% and 88.52%) were found using the form from the early 20th Czech population.
Effects of Homeopathic Mother Tinctures on Breath Alcohol Testing
Authors: Boatto Gianpiero , Trignano Claudia , Burrai Lucia , Spanu Andrea , Nieddu Maria 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn some countries, it is illegal to drive with any detectable amount of alcohol in blood; in others, the legal limit is 0.5 g/L or lower. Recently, some defendants charged with driving under the influence of alcohol and have claimed that positive breath alcohol test results were due to the ingestion of homeopathic mother tinctures. These preparations are obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, or decoction of herbal material in hydroalcoholic solvent. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the alcoholic content of three homeopathic mother tinctures and their ability to produce inaccurate breath alcohol results. Nine of 30 subjects gave positive results (0.11–0.82 g/L) when tests were taken within 1 min after drinking mother tincture. All tests taken at least 15 min after the mother tincture consumption and resulted in alcohol‐free readings. An observation period of 15–20 min prior to breath alcohol testing eliminates the possibility of false‐positive results.
How Being rather than Doing Can Add Value
Authors: CONDON MARLISA KOPENSKI 
Published: November 2014

When the currency of business is “doing,” how do we embrace “being?” When tight deadlines and budget cuts drive us, how can we pursue something you can't see or measure? How can we cultivate a culture of patience when we don't get smoke breaks anymore?How Being Rather Than Doing Can Create Value in the Business World offers the bold proposal that business forget about filling all available time and space with action and allowing, even encouraging, time for employees to BE. Like artists who embrace white space in their work, people who take time to ruminate, to pause, will make fewer brush strokes. And those they do make they do make are that much more articulate and powerful.Learn how to be brave and find those small moments of white space in your business life.
Collateral Revelation
Authors: RATLIFF PAUL 
Published: November 2014

Our work of investigating experience is rarely directed at personal transformation. The impact we seek to create is not specific to our participants or intended for them alone, if at all.We don't go into the field to midwife individual discovery or revelation, and this may be why we don't notice how often it happens. We change people. We change their minds, their behaviors, their understanding of themselves.We use the tools of our trade – curiosity and empathy, questioning and watching and listening – to cultivate the conditions of discovery that serve our objectives. But what gets discovered and by whom is not bound by our intent, and what results can be surprising.This Pecha Kucha uses the experiences of participants and practitioners to examine our role as incidental change agents and explore what this says about the value of our work.Save entire document in MS Word with the following file name: yourlastname_EPIC‐2014‐PechaKucha_proceedings.
Functional response, host stage preference and interference of two whitefly parasitoids
Authors: Xu Hai‐Yun , Yang Nian‐Wan , Duan Min , Wan Fang‐Hao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe functional responses of two parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich & Rose and Encarsia sophia Girault & Dodd, of whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 were studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, the influence of host density and host stage on the competitive interactions between the two parasitoids, and biological control effect on whitefly were evaluated. In the functional response study, adult parasitoids were tested individually, with a conspecific or heterospecific competitor. Both Er. hayati and En. sophia exhibited a type II response to increasing host density, whether a conspecific or heterospecific competitor was present or not. Difference of searching rates and handling times between treatments suggested interference interactions existed between two parasitoid species. In the host stage preference study, two parasitoid species were jointly tested. Er. hayati had a competitive advantage over En. sophia when provided young host instars (first and second instar), whereas no advantage was found on old host instars (third and fourth instar). The biological control effect of Er. hayati and En. sophia in different introductions varied with host density. However, the effect of host instar on host mortality was not significant. These findings provide information for the practice of biological control and give better insight into how parasitoid species may coexist in diverse environments.
Spatial Distribution of Bacterial Communities and Related Biochemical Properties in Luzhou‐Flavor Liquor‐Fermented Grains
Authors: Zheng Jia , Wu Chongde , Huang Jun , Zhou Rongqing , Liao Xuepin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGrain fermenting with separate layers in a fermentation pit is the typical and experiential brewing technology for Chinese Luzhou‐flavor liquor. However, it is still unclear to what extent the bacterial communities in the different layers of fermented grains (FG) effects the liquor's quality. In this study, the spatial distributions of bacterial communities in Luzhou‐flavor liquor FG (top, middle, and bottom layers) from 2 distinctive factories (Jiannanchun and Fenggu) were investigated using culture‐independent approaches (phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] and polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gel electrophoresis [DGGE]). The relationship between bacterial community and biochemical properties was also assessed by Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). No significant variation in moisture was observed in spatial samples, and the highest content of acidity and total ester was detected in the bottom layer (P < 0.05). A high level of ethanol was observed in the top and middle layers of Fenggu and Jiannanchun, respectively. Significant spatial distribution of the total PLFA was only shown in the 50‐y‐old pits (P < 0.05), and Gram negative bacteria was the prominent community. Bacterial 16S rDNA DGGE analysis revealed that the most abundant bacterial community was in the top layers of the FG both from Fenggu and Jiannanchun, with Lactobacillaceae accounting for 30% of the total DGGE bands and Lactobacillus acetotolerans was the dominant species. FG samples from the same pit had a highly similar bacterial community structure according to the hierarchal cluster tree. CCA suggested that the moisture, acidity, ethanol, and reducing sugar were the main factors affecting the distribution of L. acetotolerans. Our results will facilitate the knowledge about the spatial distribution of bacterial communities and the relationship with their living environment.
Incremental large and small muscle mass exercise in patients with heart failure: evidence of preserved peripheral haemodynamics and metabolism
Authors: Esposito F. , Wagner P. D. , Richardson R. S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimDoubt still remains as to whether peripheral vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction accompanies the compromised cardiac function associated with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The aim of this study was to examine the effect of HFrEF on the haemodynamic and metabolic responses to exercise with both a large (cycle) and a small [knee extensor (KE)] muscle mass in comparison with well‐matched healthy controls (Ctrls).MethodsUtilizing blood sampling and thermodilution blood flow measurements, we studied incremental cycle and KE exercise in 12 patients with HFrEF (ejection fraction: 25 ± 3%) and eight Ctrls.ResultsIncremental cycle exercise in both groups [heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): 23 ± 1 to 116 ± 10; Ctrls: 22 ± 1 to 137 ± 5 W] resulted in a similar rise in blood flow (HFrEF: 1525 ± 132 to 4216 ± 408; Ctrls: 1774 ± 161 to 4713 ± 448 mL min−1), oxygen uptake (HFrEF: 206 ± 24 to 586 ± 34; Ctrls: 252 ± 21 to 747 ± 89 mL min−1) and lactate efflux across the leg (HFrEF: 479 ± 122 to 4929 ± 1255; Ctrls: 537 ± 155 to 5776 ± 1010 mm min−1). Vascular resistance fell similarly in both groups with increasing exercise intensity (HFrEF: 66 ± 10 to 24 ± 3; Ctrls: 69 ± 12 to 24 ± 4 mmHg L−1 min−1). Incremental KE exercise also revealed similar haemodynamic and metabolic responses in both Ctrls and patients.ConclusionAlthough assessed in a relatively small cohort, these data reveal that, when compared with well‐matched healthy Ctrls, alterations in peripheral haemodynamics and skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise may not be an obligatory accompaniment to HFrEF.
Gender and age differences in parent–child emotion talk
Authors: Aznar Ana , Tenenbaum Harriet R. 
Published: November 2014

This study examined gender differences in emotion word use during mother–child and father–child conversations. Sixty‐five Spanish mothers and fathers and their 4‐ (M = 53.50, SD = 3.54) and 6‐year‐old (M = 77.07, SD = 3.94) children participated in this study. Emotion talk was examined during a play‐related storytelling task and a reminiscence task (conversation about past experiences). Mothers mentioned a higher proportion of emotion words than did fathers. During the play‐related storytelling task, mothers of 4‐year‐old daughters mentioned a higher proportion of emotion words than did mothers of 4‐year‐old sons, whereas fathers of 4‐year‐old daughters directed a higher proportion of emotion words than did fathers of 4‐year‐old sons during the reminiscence task. No gender differences were found with parents of 6‐year‐old children. During the reminiscence task daughters mentioned more emotion words with their fathers than with their mothers. Finally, mothers' use of emotion talk was related to whether children used emotion talk in both tasks. Fathers' use of emotion talk was only related to children's emotion talk during the reminiscence task.
Institutional Solutions to Precariousness and Inequality in Labour Markets
Authors: Adams Zoe , Deakin Simon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIt has become widely assumed that the standard employment relationship (SER) is in irreversible decline in industrialized societies. However, non‐standard and precarious work relationships often complement theSERvia labour market transitions, and are not displacing it as the focal point of labour market regulation. The co‐ordination and risk management functions of theSERcontinue to be relevant in market economies, and theSERis adjusting to new conditions. TheSERhas a complex and evolving relationship to gender and to social stratification. In the European context where theSERoriginated and achieved its clearest legal expression, institutional solutions to precariousness and inequality are being developed, the most innovative of which avoid simple deregulation in favour of integrated policy responses involving a range of complementary regulatory mechanisms.
Possible Conduit‐Matrix Water Exchange Signatures Outlined at a Karst Spring
Authors: Mitrofan Horia , Marin Constantin , Povară Ioan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring a significant flood event, reversible water exchanges may occur between a karst conduit and its adjacent porous rock (frequently designated as “matrix”): while the flood pulse rises, some conduit‐derived water is forced into the matrix; then, as the flood recedes, the same water flows back into the stream passage. The present note addresses such a karst setting in the Carpathian Mountains (Romania), where in addition, a usually stable flux of chloride originating in a natural saline inflow, was being mixed with a variable flow of karst freshwater. For that particular case, with the above‐mentioned process of matrix storage/release from storage assumedly taking place downstream of the mixing site, two distinct chemical signatures could be noticed during a flood event: an initial depletion in the spring flow chloride flux, subsequently followed by a comparable chloride flux enrichment (the depletion and the enrichment being outlined with respect to the essentially stable chloride flux value that had been noticed to persist at the spring over a long period of flow rate recession). Concomitantly with such flood‐induced fluctuations in the spring chloride flux, the spring discharge displayed, for long periods, abnormally slow variations: the latter likely indicated that the spring supply rate actual oscillations were buffered by the reversible water exchanges which took place between the karst conduit and its adjacent matrix. On the whole, these results show that conduit‐matrix water exchanges could be interpreted by simple mass balance calculations that involved fluxes of a conservative tracer (the chloride ion in that particular case).
Hearing the voices of young people who self‐harm: Implications for service providers
Authors: McAndrew Sue , Warne Tony 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe incidence of adolescent self‐harm and suicidal behaviour has increased globally, with many adolescents repeating the behaviour. While studies indicate that large numbers of adolescents who self‐harm do not seek professional help, research focusing on barriers to help seeking from an adolescent perspective is limited. Locally, a rise in reported and unreported rates of self‐harm and a number of suspected child suicides prompted the commissioning of a research project to ascertain young people's experiences of help and support for self‐harm and how their future needs could be best met. Qualitative research, adopting an interpretive phenomenological analysis, was used to elicit narratives of adolescents engaging in self‐harm. Data were collected via 1:1 interviews with seven participants and analysed in two stages: an analysis of each individual narrative, and thematic analysis across the group. Three themes were identified: (i) cutting out the stress; (ii) stepping onto the path of help; and (iii) cutting to the chase. In conclusion, mental health nurses have a vital role in providing knowledge and support to those likely to have initial contact with this vulnerable group and to the wider population, ensuring we more effectively address the increasing use of this risky behaviour among young people.
Effect of Different Industrial Pasteurization Conditions on Physicochemical Properties of Egg‐Filled Pasta
Authors: Zardetto Stefano , Dalla Rosa Marco 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the effect of heat treatment using two different industrial pasteurizers (a nascent steam pasteurizer [NSP] and an inject steam pasteurizer [ISP]) on the moisture content, degree of gelatinization, color and furosine content of egg‐filled pasta samples. Moreover, a comparison of samples treated with microwave pasteurization on the packaged product was performed.The results showed that the two pasteurization treatments resulted in significant differences in the sample properties and that all of the parameters correlated well with the thermal treatment intensity (C0) (r value ranged from 0.989 to 0.999; P < 0.05). The application of microwave heat treatment to packaged samples did not significantly alter these differences.The NSP demonstrated lower “thermal damage” with less furosine formation in the pasta and filling; it also reduced certain positive effects, such as starch gelatinization and the presentation of yellow color in terms of hue angle.This difference might be explained by the different apparent heat transfer coefficients observed for the two pasteurizer machines, with the higher value observed for the ISP (347 W/m2 K versus 202 W/m2 K).Practical ApplicationsPasteurization is the most important step in the industrial fresh pasta process because of its effect on the reduction of the microbial population as well as on the maintenance of the product quality and nutritional characteristics. Thus, the study on the effect of different industrial heat treatment conditions on some pasta properties can benefit the future of food pasta industry.This research focused on the pasta modifications using different industrial pasteurizers (a nascent steam versus an inject steam pasteurizer).Our results confirmed (1) modifications due to heat treatments and (2) correlations between the indices used to quantify the modification and thermal treatment intensity. Furthermore, the utilization of different types of pasteurizers used in industrial fresh pasta production resulted in a significant effect on pasta modifications due to different values of the apparent heat transfer coefficients. Hence, the type of pasteurization equipment used was crucial to determine the final quality of the product.