bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was the STAD programme really that successful?
Authors: Norström Thor , Trolldal Björn 
Published: May 2013

Aim A community intervention programme STAD was launched in Stockholm in January 1998, which included training in responsible beverage service and stricter enforcement of existing alcohol laws. An evaluation suggested that during the first 33 months of the programme, the level of police-recorded violence dropped by a striking 29%. We propose to probe the robustness of this estimate, which is often cited as evidence of the effectiveness of these kinds of intervention. In this paper, we reanalyse the underlying data by applying alternative model specifications. Data and Methods We reanalysed the original data on police-recorded violence from January 1994 to September 2000 by autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling. We estimated models based on raw data and seasonally differenced data; we also varied the definition of control area and applied the statistical technique of difference-in-differences modelling. Results The estimated intervention effects from these model specifications were all strongly significant statistically, ranging between 21% and 32%. Conclusion Estimates based on a variety of model specifications were generally somewhat lower than those previously reported. However, the new estimates were all strongly statistically significant and fairly uniform with regard to effect size, which suggests that the findings of a substantial impact of the STAD programme are indeed quite robust.
Jeunes et politiques publiques : des décalages croissants
Authors: Loncle Patricia 
Published: May 2013

Les jeunes Européens sont aujourd’hui placés dans des situations de plus en plus problématiques sur le plan social comme politique. Face à ce constat, la question est la suivante : les politiques de jeunesse sont-elles à même de résoudre ces difficultés qui les touchent ? Pour y répondre, l’article examine tour à tour les stigmatisations à l’œuvre dans les politiques de jeunesse, leur faible envergure et leurs importantes inégalités territoriales. On constate un décalage croissant entre les situations critiques des jeunes et la grande timidité des politiques qui les concernent.
Le déséquilibre des politiques médiatiques à l'égard des jeunes
Authors: Jehel Sophie 
Published: May 2013

Cet article analyse les principales mesures prises entre 2002 et 2012 dans trois domaines : le soutien aux industries médiatiques, la réforme du service public et le respect des droits fondamentaux, en interrogeant la place qu’elles ont réservée aux jeunes explicitement ou implicitement. Ces politiques ont peu bénéficié aux moins de 18 ans et les mesures les visant ont été essentiellement protectrices voire restrictives. Marginalisés dans les politiques publiques, les jeunes se sont orientés massivement vers les espaces médiatiques commerciaux. De ce fait, les politiques publiques médiatiques semblent s’accommoder d’un modèle de société où les jeunes seraient considérés comme des citoyens de seconde zone, voire le favoriser.
Jeunes usagers de drogues et demande d'aide
Authors: Obradovic Ivana , Le Nézet Olivier , Spilka Stanislas 
Published: May 2013

Aujourd’hui, en France, environ 34 000 jeunes de 17 ans ont un usage problématique de cannabis sans avoir jamais recherché aucune aide. Si l’offre de consultations spécifiquement dédiée aux jeunes consommateurs ouverte en 2004 a en partie rencontré son public, la population potentiellement concernée par ce dispositif s’avère bien plus importante que celle qui a été effectivement touchée. À partir de l’exploitation de l’enquête ESCAPAD 2008, cet article identifie les facteurs associés à une recherche d’aide chez les jeunes usagers de cannabis de 17 ans et invite à développer des stratégies de prévention centrées sur l’objectif de favoriser l’adhésion des jeunes à une démarche thérapeutique.
Que faire de l'autorité ?
Authors: Sallée Nicolas 
Published: May 2013

Cet article propose d’interroger la manière dont le fonctionnement des centres éducatifs fermés (CEF) met à l’épreuve la profession d’éducateur de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse (PJJ), historiquement – et identitairement – construite sur le fondement d’une incompatibilité revendiquée entre éducation et enfermement. Après avoir qualifié le modèle d’éducation – sous contrainte – qui sous-tend l’ouverture de ces établissements, l’auteur analyse des données issues d’observations directes menées au sein de l’un d’entre eux et montre comment les pratiques éducatives quotidiennes, aux prises avec l’exigence redondante d’une « autorité » rarement assumée, éclairent les reconfigurations qui agitent le groupe professionnel dans son ensemble.
La Constitution marocaine de 2011 : une mutation des ordres politique et juridique marocains
Authors: Melloni David 
Published: May 2013

Donnant à voir une définition inédite de la société politique marocaine, la nouvelle Constitution chérifienne annonce surtout une double mutation des ordres politique et juridique marocains. Par la première de ces mutations, elle procède à un profond rééquilibrage des pouvoirs, en posant les jalons d’un système primo-ministériel et d’une démocratie majoritaire dans lesquelles le souverain conserve une indéniable suprématie, à travers un parlementarisme dualiste réinventé. Par la seconde, qui traduit l’ambition de tendre vers l’État de droit, elle renforce la place de la loi dans l’arsenal normatif, et s’érige en réceptacle des droits et libertés, dont le respect sera doublement garanti – sous réserve de la prédominance accordée à l’islam – par l’instauration d’une exception d’inconstitutionnalité et la supériorité des normes internationales sur la législation interne. Ce faisant, le Maroc édifie un système juridique singulier, et consacre un modèle politique original, résolument porté vers l’idéal démocratique.
L'autre Maroc
Authors: Ben Abdallah al-Alaoui Hicham 
Published: May 2013

Le Maroc dans cinq ans, au lendemain de la « Révolution du cumin » : par le moyen de cette projection, sans recours à la politique-fiction, le bilan des blocages actuels est ici dressé a posteriori , à partir des solutions trouvées. Ce renversement de perspective permet de poser de vieilles questions, restées sans réponse, sous une forme nouvelle. La monarchie, l’islam politique, l’économie et l’émigration, le mal-vivre quotidien, la tension entre générations, entre modernité et tradition – tout est revisité à partir d’un avenir proche. Le « nouveau Maroc » se révèle ainsi une chimère, l’enfermement du pays dans une salle d’attente succédant à l’attentisme actuel, celle de l’utopie. Or, l’autre Maroc, celui où il ferait mieux vivre, est à portée de main.
L'islam politique au Maroc
Authors: Belal Youssef 
Published: May 2013

Cet article questionne la catégorie d’« islam politique » et revient sur son usage dans le cas du Maroc en montrant qu’elle comprend non seulement ce que l’on désigne habituellement par « mouvement islamiste » mais aussi des acteurs comme la République coloniale ou la monarchie marocaine, qui ont eu recours à l’islam dans leur stratégie politique de domination. Ce texte traite également du réformisme démocratique à travers l’exemple du Parti Justice et Développement ( pjd ) qui est à la tête du gouvernement marocain depuis les élections du 25 novembre, mais dont le rôle reste limité par les pouvoirs importants du roi soustraits à tout mécanisme de responsabilité politique.
La prévention de la corruption au Maroc, entre discours et réalité
Authors: El Mesbahi Kamal 
Published: May 2013

Cet article tente de dresser un état des lieux de la question de la corruption au Maroc. La ligne directrice se situe au niveau du paradoxe entre une corruption largement prégnante, et que tous les indices confirment, un cadre normatif relativement suffisant renforcé par les nouvelles dispositions constitutionnelles depuis juin 2011 et un discours politique fort quant à la volonté affichée de la combattre.
Une approche écosophique de l'espace urbain
Authors: Shin Ji Eun 
Published: May 2013

Notre recherche suggère d’adapter une approche anthropologique de l’espace urbain. Nous essayons de mettre en lumière la nature spatiale de l’homme social, ce qui permet de comprendre les sensations fortes de la communauté, du sentiment d’appartenance, en un mot, de la socialité qui sont vécues par le corps et sont basées sur son territoire, sa ville et sa maison. La ville pourrait donc être appréhendée d’une manière « écosophique ». Cette compréhension nous mènera enfin à mettre en évidence les moments de miracle dans les villes vides et désertes, les relations créatrices entre l’homme et l’espace.
An Evaluation of Strength, Fatigue and Operational Performance of Dry Tree Semisubmersible Riser Tensioning Equipment
Authors: Poll Philip , Kurup Nishu , Shi Shan , Zou Jun 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
One key decision operators make when planning field developments is whether the production system will use only subsea equipment or will also include dry trees. Although dry tree floating platforms have primarily utilized SPAR and TLP hull forms, semisubmersible options are being developed and qualified for the Gulf of Mexico.
A key component of the dry tree semisubmersible is the riser tensioning system, which must be carefully matched to hull motion characteristics and arrangements. The SPAR platform utilizes self-supporting buoyancy cans or long stroke riser tensioners in a protected location within the SPAR centerwell and in combination with a keel guide. The TLP utilizes short stroke riser tensioners with or without a keel guide and in a location open to interaction with waves and currents. A dry tree semisubmersible is likely to use long stroke riser tensioners in an open wellbay configuration either with or without a keel guide.
This paper uses computer analysis and motions calibrated to model test data to evaluate the strength and operational performance of a riser tensioning system for a specific dry tree semisubmersible configuration. The system uses existing riser tensioning equipment in an arrangement that is open to wave and current interaction. The paper compares arrangements with and without a keel guide and presents differences in strength, stroke range and cost. The semisubmersible hull form includes columns arranged in pairs at each corner of the platform and the paper investigates the influence of the paired-column arrangement on wave loading on the risers and supporting structures. The results of the paper indicate what modifications are necessary, if any, for riser tensioning equipment integration.
The information and results presented in this paper are applicable to operators evaluating dry tree interfaces on proposed new floater concepts in addition to equipment suppliers planning to provide or qualify riser tensioning equipment for semisubmersibles. The results will also contribute to further development of a dry tree semisubmersible option for Gulf of Mexico projects, which will provide cost and execution plan improvements compared to existing options for deepwater.
Fiber-Optic Sensing is the Technology of Choice for Permanent Reservoir Monitoring Applications
Authors: Langhammer Jan , Nash Phil , Austin Ed , Eisenhower Frank 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Fiber-optic sensing technology is the right technology for Permanent Reservoir Monitoring (PRM) applications due to significant advantages in reliability, system design and installation flexibility, and enhanced compatibility with future field development trends.
It is well known that fiber-optic technology is inherently a more reliable technology choice for underwater applications. This has been proven by long-term use within military applications and the telecommunications industry. The application of fiber-optic technology for PRM offers the proven reliability benefits long recognized by the telecommunications industry to the oil and gas industry. The use of fiber-optic sensing technology removes the electronics and electrical power requirements from the seabed and replaces it with completely electrically passive components, which can be interrogated from a platform, FPSO or from shore, using only optical signals. This eliminates the potential for electrical leakage and decreases the potential for mechanical water leak-induced failures in the underwater equipment. The improved reliability drives down the through-life operations and maintenance costs for PRM applications.
It is less well known that the inherent flexibility available with fiber-optic PRM systems generates significant additional value beyond the reliability advantage. Fiber-optic systems enable more flexible system design and layout solutions compared to electrical based alternatives. Greater design and layout flexibility translates into significant advantages during system installation, which can reduce the cost and risk of PRM projects. Advanced optical architectures and proprietary system design techniques generate an expanded range of layout and connection options, which can be used to optimize the system supply and installation solutions during an integrated PRM project planning process.
The authors conclude that PRM systems based on fiber-optic technology offer a better platform for the future due to a number of key advantages. Fiber-optic systems offer greater potential for cost-effective expansion, technology upgrade and cost reduction moving forward. The very low propagation loss intrinsic to fiber-optic technology makes it ideally suited to address a number of developing trends in offshore field development.
In this paper, the authors present examples of clear advantages in reliability, flexibility, expandability and suitability to address future trends for operators to consider when selecting a PRM system for 4D seismic monitoring. Based on these examples and evidence, the authors conclude that fiber-optic sensing is the technology of choice for PRM.
Qualification of Flexible Fiber-Reinforced Pipe for Ultradeepwater Applications
Authors: Yu Liang , Liu Jing , Salimi Amir , Kalman Mark Douglas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This paper presents the initial work and remaining scope of a RPSEA sponsored project to develop, qualify, and field deploy flexible fiber reinforced pipe (FFRP®) for ultra-deepwater applications. FFRP is unbonded flexible pipe with composite reinforcement layers which has the advantages of light weight, high flexibility, and corrosion resistance. Due to these advantages, a simple, low top tension riser configuration is enabled. The initial design basis is a 7-inch ID, 690 barg design pressure, 120°C design temperature, 3000 meter design water depth production riser for a Gulf of Mexico application. The Phase 1 Engineering Study will confirm the product and system design to be employed in the subsequent phases. In Phase 2, a prototype pipe will be manufactured, and qualification testing will be conducted in accordance with API RP 17B recommendations. With successful testing, and subject to approval via a Phase 2 decision stage gate, Phase 3 will be an actual field deployment of the riser system with six months of performance monitoring.
The paper includes a summary of the project plan for Phase 1, the product technology, the design basis, and presents the initial pipe concept. Engineering analysis to confirm the suitability of the pipe concept, and the riser configuration are underway in accordance with the project plan.
The top tension reduction offered by FFRP enables light weight and small footprint installation vessels and production platforms. FFRP enables installation vessels and floating production systems which previously had water depth limits of 1500 m to be used in ultra-deepwater of up to 3000 m, expanding the number of existing installation vessels and FPSO's that can be used in deepwater, substantially reducing overall project cost and risk.

Introduction
In April 2011 the Research Partnership to Secure Energy for America (RPSEA) ultra-deepwater (UDW) program issued a request for proposal for Need 4: Dry Trees and Risers in 10,000 Feet (3000 m) Water Depth. The RFP [1] included Technical Area of Interest 4402 - Qualification of Flexible Fiber Reinforced Pipe for 10,000-Foot Water Depths. In June 2011, DeepFlex submitted a proposal responsive to the RFP and was awarded the project in October 2012. The project has been started and is being conducted in three phases:Phase 1 - Engineering StudyPhase 2 - Prototype manufacturing and qualification testingPhase 3 - Field deployment supply
The Phase 1 Engineering Study consists of the design premise and design report, riser system configuration & analysis report, Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) report, manufacturing documentation for prototype, and Phase 2 qualification plan and proposal.
Thermo Chemical In-Situ Heat Generation Technique to Remove Organic Solid Deposition: Effective Tool for Production Enhancement and Flow Assurance
Authors: Singh K. , Saidu Mohamed A. , Alian S. Sheykh , Ismail M. , Anwar M. , Mohamad W. Wan , Ghani S. Abdul 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Most of the fields in Malaysia have been producing for more than 20 years. At this advanced stage of depletion, reservoir natural driving forces are low. Organic depositions (mainly wax and asphaltenes), particularly in the near-and-around well bore region and in production tubing, can further reduce the production by restricting the flow from reservoir to wellhead. Such deposits also have the tendency to change rock wettability from water wet to oil wet. A study to address this issue with a view to rejuvenate these wells was conducted through laboratory analysis and pilot field implementation. A unique thermo-chemical system was developed as an effective tool for:Removing organic deposits near-and-around wellbore and production tubing, henceEnhancing production from the treated wells.
The chemical system consists of two components/pills which are injected simultaneously into the well through production tubing. Upon mixing, the pills will produce heat and reaction products. The heat generated is capable to melt /dislodge the organic deposits, while, the solvent and reaction product (ester) will further dissolve and disperse the deposits. The thermo-chemical also behaves as an excellent demulsifier and corrosion inhibitor based on the recommended dosage. Compatibility studies showed that the chemical is compatible with formation rock, reservoir fluids, well completion accessories and refin-ery products. When the chemical system is injected into the targeted location (i.e. well, pipeline, heat exchangers and etc.), the resultant pill will generate in-situ heat of up to 200ºC and produce ester. Combining the effect of thermal energy and chemical solvency has proven to be highly effective in dissolving, dispersing, dislodging and removing the organic solid de-posits. This technology has been applied in 23 wells in Malaysia, 2 wells in Brunei and 1 pipeline in India. From the two (2) case studies, average production increased to more than 100% and cost saving of up to USD 100, 000/well was realized since mechanical wax removal was not required after the thermo-chemical treatment.
Innovative Geophysical Logging Techniques Used for the Definition and Characterization of Mass Erosion Sediments
Authors: Thomas Stephen , Digby Adrian John 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In areas dominated by mass transport and mass deposition of sediments the potential risk to seabed installations of re-occurrence is widely recognized and must be fully evaluated. These sediments are often complex however and the risks are difficult to evaluate unless a fully integrated investigation is carried out. An integrated investigation is likely to include high resolution seismic, geotechnical, sedimentalogical, biostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic and high-resolution wireline geophysical data. The frequency and size of mass transport deposits is key to any risk assessment and this paper presents analysis of gamma CPT cone data used for the first time within a mass transport complex. The addition of the natural gamma was proposed in this investigation because of the complexity of the site and to enable direct correlation between CPT data and borehole data where continuous high resolution natural gamma logs were also run.
This paper looks at the innovative use in deep water of these geophysical measurements on the sea-bed and borehole CPTs and the study was based primarily on comparison with and interpretation of 3D seismic, 20m surface piston cores, 40m surface cone penetration tests (CPT) with natural gamma (gamma cone), one 192m borehole with downhole CPT and second borehole at the same location with discontinuous push samples, with associated onshore laboratory testing. Both boreholes had high-resolution wireline geophysical data.
The determination of the size and frequency of the mass transport deposits required the careful integration of the various data sets within the regional stratigraphic framework provided by the interpretation of the seismic data, combined with the lithological interpretation of the continuous wireline geophysical data. The 3D depositional model for the area resulted in better understanding of the occurrence and type of mass transport processes through time. This in turn led to more reliable frequency data for input into a quantitative risk assessment of mass transport deposits to the future development.
Importance of Pressure Management in CO2 Storage
Authors: Simmenes Trine , Hansen Olav R. , Eiken Ola , Teige Gunn Mari Grimsmo , Hermanrud Christian , Johansen Stian , Nordgaard Bolaas Hege Marit , Hansen Hilde 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
CO2 injection implies displacement of water, and thus aquifer pressure build-up or displacement of water to other rocks. Both may be problematic. Pressure build-up may result in seal failure and / or restrict injection rates, whereas displacement of brine to other rocks may have undesired effects on the environment, such as contamination of potable drinking water. CO2 storage capacity also depends on pressure management, especially in closed systems where displaced water cannot be adequately displaced in the subsurface or vented to the surface.
Fluid pressure management at individual storage sites will be planned based on theoretical considerations as well as practical experience. The theoretical work includes analyses of widely different subjects such as stress tensor analyses, fracture propagation dynamics, reservoir connectivity and 3D permeability distributions. Practical experience will come from a growing number of injection sites, of which the experiences from the ongoing Snøhvit CO2 injection project are currently the most important.
Statoil has injected CO2 at Snøhvit since 2008. Injection took place in the Tubåen formation which underlies the Stø Formation natural gas reservoir. Fracturing of the caprock from the CO2 injection could thus result in CO2 leakage to the overlying producing reservoir. The CO2 injection resulted in an initial well pressure increase, probably caused by precipitation of salt in the near wellbore area. This challenge was resolved by injection of methylethylenglycol (MEG). Continuous downhole pressure measurements nevertheless documented a continuous pressure increase, albeit at a lower rate. This pressure increase was interpreted as evidence of insufficient far-field permeability to displace formation water laterally rather than of storage space shortage.