bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Learning to live with OCD is a little mantra I often repeat’: Understanding the lived experience of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) in the contemporary therapeutic context
Authors: Murphy Helen , Perera‐Delcourt Ramesh 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesWhile there has been an abundance of quantitative studies that examine the clinical features and treatment modalities of obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), only a few qualitative research studies examining the experience of OCD have been documented. Our objectives were to explore and understand psychosocial aspects of OCD and to provide qualitative accounts of the condition and its treatment rather than concentrating on its psychopathology. We also wanted to locate the role cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) played in the condition for our participants.DesignData for the study came from a series of nine semi‐structured interviews carried out with individuals who self‐identified as having OCD. Participants were recruited through two leading UK‐based OCD charities.MethodsWe used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to analyse the accounts and participants gave feedback as to the validity of the themes in early stages of analysis.ResultsWe report two superordinate themes – Having OCD (with subordinate themes ‘wanting to be normal and fit it’, ‘failing at life’ and ‘loving and hating OCD’) and The Impact of Therapy (with subordinate themes of ‘wanting therapy’, ‘finding the roots’ and ‘a better self’).ConclusionsHaving OCD as a condition meant that individuals experienced a sense of overwhelming personal failure matched against age appropriate life cycle goals. This crisis of the self was bolstered by public and self‐stigma about the condition. While clinical diagnosis and therapeutic interventions were significant, participants reported dialectical tensions experienced with OCD, pointing to the complexity of psychological functioning in the condition.Practitioner Points

Participants experienced a ‘deficit

identity’ as a result of OCD, impacting on

self‐esteem and self‐confidence.

While participants valued a medical diagnosis of OCD,

there was ambivalence in ‘letting go’ of OCD

behaviours.

Some participants experienced CBT as an intervention

which prevented them telling their OCD story.

Participants valued the therapeutic relationship,

especially in understanding and talking through the origins of

OCD.
Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth of Cotton Seedlings under NaCl Salinity and in Response to Urea Application with NBPT and DCD
Authors: Kawakami E. M. , Oosterhuis D. M. , Snider J. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSalinity stress and inefficient nitrogen fertilization adversely affect cotton growth and yield. The effect of salinity on the growth and stress response of cotton seedlings and the effect on N‐use efficiency from the use of the inhibitors of urease (NBPT) and nitrification (DCD) under salinity stress were studied in growth chambers. The study consisted of three levels of salinity – low (0.45 dS m−1), moderate (8 dS m−1) and high (16 dS m−1) – and five N treatments – unfertilized control, 100 % N rate with urea, 80 % N rate with urea, 80 % N rate with urea +NBPT and 80 % N rate with urea +NBPT + DCD. The results indicated that salinity stress reduced plant growth (low leaf area and plant dry matter), decreased N assimilation (low NR, GS and protein), increased plant stress response (high GR and SOD), and decreased leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and quantum yield. Addition of NBPT to urea improved N uptake by 22 % under low salinity; however, this effect was not observed with increasing salinity. No benefit of addition of DCD was observed in any of the parameters collected. In conclusion, salinity stress hindered the performance of the additive NBPT and negatively affected the growth and physiology of cotton.
Soybean Pollen Anatomy, Viability and Pod Set under High Temperature Stress
Authors: Djanaguiraman M. , Prasad P. V. V. , Boyle D. L. , Schapaugh W. T. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHigh temperature (HT) stress is one of the major environmental factors influencing yield of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in the semi‐arid regions. Experiments were conducted in controlled environments to study the effects of HT stress on anatomical changes of pollen and their relationship to pollen function in soybean genotype K 03‐2897. Objectives of this study were to (a) quantify the effect of HT stress during flowering on pollen function and pod set and (b) observe the anatomical changes in pollen grains of soybean plants grown under HT stress. Plants were exposed to HT (38/28 °C) or optimum temperature (OT, 28/18 °C) for 14 days at flowering stage. HT stress significantly decreased in vitro pollen germination by 22.7 % compared to OT. Pollen from HT stress was deformed; it had a thicker exine wall and a disintegrated tapetum layer. HT stress decreased pod set percentage (35.2 %) compared to OT. This study showed that decreases in pollen in vitro germination by HT stress were caused by anatomical changes in pollen, leading to decreased pod set percentage under HT stress.
Why nursing? Applying a socio‐ecological framework to study career choices of double degree nursing students and graduates
Authors: Hickey Noelene , Sumsion Jennifer , Harrison Linda 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAimTo report a study that investigated the career development, aspirations, and choices of undergraduate students and graduates of nursing double degree programmes.BackgroundOver one‐third of Australian undergraduate nursing students study by double degree mode. Their career destinations will have an impact on the availability of graduates in a time of nursing shortages, but little is known about why nursing students choose double degrees or take up a career in nursing vs. the other specialization.DesignA qualitative study using two longitudinal methods.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2008–2009 with 68 participants from an Australian regional university offering double degrees in nursing. A time series method involved interviews with 12 first year students followed by focus group interviews with 22 final year students. A longitudinal method involved repeated interviews with 34 graduates. Interview transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsEnrolment in a double degree was influenced by advice from significant others; previous experiences of health care; and the anticipated rewards associated with a choice of two careers. Career development and decisions of undergraduates were influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic rewards distinctive to each area of specialization and marketing and job availability. For graduates, the impact of workplace experiences such as prior practicums and past and present workplace support were foremost.ConclusionThis study provides previously unknown information about double degree nursing students' and graduates' career development and career choices over time. A socio‐ecological framework adapted to nursing enabled a broad understanding of the many environments and contexts that confirm or discourage a nursing career.
Obesity, waist circumference, weight change and the risk of psoriasis in US women
Authors: Kumar S. , Han J. , Li T. , Qureshi A. A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the associations between body mass index (BMI), weight change, waist circumference, hip circumference and risk of incident psoriasis.Methods  A prospective study of female nurses who were followed up over a 12‐year period (1996–2008) in Nurses’ Health Study, a cohort of 121 700 US women at the inception in 1976. The study included 67 300 women who responded to a question about a history of physician‐diagnosed psoriasis in last 12 years in 2008 (mean age at 1996, 62 years). The primary outcome was self‐reported, physician‐diagnosed psoriasis.Results  During the 12 years of follow‐up, there were a total of 809 incident psoriasis cases. There was a graded positive association between BMI (both baseline and updated) and the risk of psoriasis (both P values for trend <0.0001). Compared to women with updated BMI of <25, the multivariate relative risks (RRs) of incident psoriasis were 1.21 (95% CI, 1.03–1.43) for a BMI of 25.0–29.9, 1.63 (95% CI, 1.33–2.00) for a BMI of 30.0–34.9 and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.58–2.61) for a BMI of 35.0 or greater. Higher waist circumference, hip circumference and waist–hip ratio were associated with a higher risk of incident psoriasis, but became non‐significant after additionally adjusting for BMI. The BMI at age of 18 years was not associated with the risk of psoriasis. Weight gain since the age of 18 years was associated with an increased risk of psoriasis, and RR of 10 lb gain was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.06–1.11; P < 0.0001).Conclusion  This large prospective study indicates that higher BMI and weight gain are risk factors for incident psoriasis in older US women.
Pretherapeutic laboratory findings, extent of metastasis and choice of treatment as prognostic markers in ocular melanoma– a single centre experience
Authors: Schicher N. , Edelhauser G. , Harmankaya K. , Schindler K. , Gleiss A. , Pehamberger H. , Hoeller C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground  Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular neoplasm with a high tendency to metastasize predominantly to the liver. Prognostic parameters for progression and overall survival are not well defined. The aim of this study was to assess the value of pretherapeutic serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase, albumin and fibrinogen in patients with uveal melanoma and to evaluate their significance as prognostic parameters for survival.Methods  Forty‐nine patients with metastatic uveal melanoma treated between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively analysed. The potential influence of levels of CRP, lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen and albumin as well as other commonly known prognostic variables on progression‐free and overall survival were investigated.Results  Patients’ age and treatment with systemic chemotherapy were the only variables to show significant influences on progression‐free and overall survival in a univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis confirmed the influence of these variables on progression‐free survival, presence of metastasis, pretherapeutic CRP levels and treatment with systemic chemotherapy were associated with overall survival.Conclusion  In this patient cohort elevated pretherapeutic CRP and extent of metastasis are independent prognostic factors for decreased overall survival, whereas treatment with systemic chemotherapy showed a significant association with improved overall survival.
Phosphodiesterase isoform‐specific expression induced by traumatic brain injury
Authors: Oliva Anthony A. , Kang Yuan , Furones Concepcion , Alonso Ofelia F. , Bruno Olga , Dietrich W. Dalton , Atkins Coleen M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) results in significant inflammation which contributes to the evolving pathology. Previously, we have demonstrated that cyclic AMP (cAMP), a molecule involved in inflammation, is down‐regulated after TBI. To determine the mechanism by which cAMP is down‐regulated after TBI, we determined whether TBI induces changes in phosphodiesterase (PDE) expression. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats received moderate parasagittal fluid‐percussion brain injury (FPI) or sham injury, and the ipsilateral, parietal cortex was analyzed by western blotting. In the ipsilateral parietal cortex, expression of PDE1A, PDE4B2, and PDE4D2, significantly increased from 30 min to 24 h post‐injury. PDE10A significantly increased at 6 and 24 h after TBI. Phosphorylation of PDE4A significantly increased from 6 h to 7 days post‐injury. In contrast, PDE1B, PD4A5, and PDE4A8 significantly decreased after TBI. No changes were observed with PDE1C, PDE3A, PDE4B1/3, PDE4B4, PDE4D3, PDE4D4, PDE8A, or PDE8B. Co‐localization studies showed that PDE1A, PDE4B2, and phospho‐PDE4A were neuronally expressed, whereas PDE4D2 was expressed in neither neurons nor glia. These findings suggest that therapies to reduce inflammation after TBI could be facilitated with targeted therapies, in particular for PDE1A, PDE4B2, PDE4D2, or PDE10A.
Neuroprotection afforded by adenosine A2A receptor blockade is modulated by corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) in glutamate injured cortical neurons
Authors: Valadas Jorge S. , Batalha Vânia L. , Ferreira Diana G. , Gomes Rui , Coelho Joana E. , Sebastião Ana M. , Diógenes Maria José , Lopes Luísa V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn situations of hypoxia, glutamate excitotoxicity induces neuronal death. The release of extracellular adenosine is also triggered and is accompanied by an increase of the stress mediator, corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF). Adenosine A2A receptors contribute to glutamate excitoxicity and their blockade is effective in stress‐induced neuronal deficits, but the involvement of CRF on this effect was never explored. We now evaluated the interaction between A2A and CRF receptors (CRFR) function, upon glutamate insult. Primary rat cortical neuronal cultures (9 days in vitro) expressing both CRF1R and CRF2R were challenged with glutamate (20–1000 μM, 24 h). CRF1R was found to co‐localize with neuronal markers and CRF2R to be present in both neuronal and glial cells. The effects of the CRF and A2A receptors ligands on cell viability were measured using propidium iodide and Syto‐13 fluorescence staining. Glutamate decreased cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner. Urocortin (10 pM), an agonist of CRF receptors, increased cell survival in the presence of glutamate. This neuroprotective effect was abolished by blocking either CRF1R or CRF2R with antalarmin (10 nM) or anti‐Sauvagine‐30 (10 nM), respectively. The blockade of A2A receptors with a selective antagonist SCH 58261 (50 nM) improved cell viability against the glutamate insult. This effect was dependent on CRF2R, but not on CRF1R activation. Overall, these data show a protective role of CRF in cortical neurons, against glutamate‐induced death. The neuroprotection achieved by A2A receptors blockade requires CRF2R activation. This interaction between the adenosine and CRF receptors can explain the beneficial effects of using A2A receptor antagonists against stress‐induced noxious effects.
Identification of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ Associated with Tree Peony Yellows Disease in China
Authors: Gao Ying , Qiu Ping‐Ping , Liu Wen‐Hao , Su Wen‐Min , Gai Shu‐Peng , Liang Yuan‐Cun , Zhu Xiao‐Ping 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTree peony (Paeonia suffruticosais) plants with yellowing symptoms suggestive of a phytoplasma disease were observed in Shandong Peninsula, China. Typical phytoplasma bodies were detected in the phloem tissue using transmission electron microscopy. The association of a phytoplasma with the disease was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using phytoplasma universal primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 as nested PCR primer pair. The sequence analysis indicated that the phytoplasma associated with tree peony yellows (TPY) was an isolate of ‘Ca. Phytoplasma solani’ belonging to the stolbur (16SrXII) group. This is the first report of a phytoplasma associated with tree peony.
Papaya Leaf Curl Guangdong Virus and Ageratum Yellow Vein Virus Associated with Leaf Curl Disease of Tobacco in China
Authors: Yang Caixia , Zheng Limin , Wu Zujian , Xie Lianhui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo samples (YC7, YC27) of Nicotiana tabacum showing leaf curling, vein swelling and enations on undersides of leaves were collected in the Fujian Province of China in 2007. Virus isolates YC7‐1 and YC7‐2 (associated with betasatellite, YC7‐2β) were detected in both samples. The complete DNA‐A sequence of YC7‐1 (FJ869907) comprised 2741 nucleotides (nt). The complete DNA‐A (FJ869908) and betasatellite (FJ869909) sequence of YC7‐2 consisted of 2754 and 1344 nt, respectively. YC7‐1 had the highest nucleotide sequence identity (97.3%) with Papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCuGuV‐[CN:Gd2:02], AJ558122). YC7‐2 had the highest sequence identity (90.1%) with Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV‐TW[TW:Tai:99], AF307861) and its betasatellite (96.5%) with Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite (AYVB‐[TW:CHu:02], AJ542495). These indicate that YC7‐1 and YC7‐2 are isolates of PaLCuGuV and AYVV, respectively. Symptoms including leaf curling, vein swelling and enations on undersides of leaves were observed in N. tabacum and N. glutinosa when infected by whiteflies with sample YC7 as the viral source under greenhouse conditions. PCR results showed that these infected plants contained both YC7‐1 and YC7‐2/YC7‐2β. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PaLCuGuV and AYVV/AYVB co‐infecting N. tabacum in China.
Characterization of Two Fungal Isolates from Cotton and Evaluation of their Potential for Biocontrol of Verticillium Wilt of Cotton
Authors: Zhu He‐Qin , Feng Zi‐Li , Li Zhi‐Fang , Shi Yong‐Qiang , Zhao Li‐Hong , Yang Jia‐Rong 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo isolates (CVd‐WHw and CVn‐WHg) recovered from Verticillium‐wilt‐symptomatic cotton grown in Hubei Province of China were identified based on their morphology, growth characteristics in culture, specific amplification and identification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequence. According to the morphological characteristics, specific PCR amplification and ITS sequences, CVd‐WHw was identified as V. dahliae and CVn‐WHg as Gibellulopsis nigrescens. In bioassays, the two isolates had significantly lower pathogenicity to cotton plant than V. dahliae isolate CVd‐AYb. Cotton pre‐inoculated with isolate CVn‐WHg or CVd‐WHw exhibited reduced disease indices of Verticillium wilt compared with those inoculated with CVd‐AYb alone. Cotton co‐inoculated with CVn‐WHg or CVd‐WHw and CVd‐AYb provided increased protection from subsequent CVd‐AYb inoculation. These results suggest that the two isolates have the potential to be developed as biocontrol agents for the control of Verticillium wilt in cotton. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a cross‐protection phenomenon using Gibellulopsis nigrescens against Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae on cotton.
Molecular Characterization of Begomoviruses Infecting Sauropus androgynus in Thailand
Authors: Shih Su‐Ling , Tsai Wen‐Shi , Lee Li‐Mei , Kenyon Lawrence 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBegomoviruses were detected in leaf samples of Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr. plants showing leaf curling with or without yellowing symptoms in Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand in 2009 and 2010. From eight plants with symptoms, 17 complete begomoviral DNA‐As were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. No DNA‐B was detected in any of the plants. All the DNA‐As had the characteristic begomovirus genome organization of six open reading frames, two in the virion‐sense orientation and four in the complementary orientation. Sequence comparison of these virus isolates indicated that one isolate belongs to Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, 12 isolates belong to Ageratum yellow vein virus and four isolates belong to a novel species with the tentative name Sauropus leaf curl virus. Five of the eight samples were found to be co‐infected by isolates of two different begomovirus species. Recombination analysis indicated that all but one of the isolates were probably the product of one or more recombination events. The results indicated that S. androgynus plants act as natural hosts as well as potential nurseries for genetic recombination between begomovirus species and strains.
Fusarium langsethiae – a HT‐2 and T‐2 Toxins Producer that Needs More Attention
Authors: Imathiu Samuel M. , Edwards Simon G. , Ray Rumiana V. , Back Matthew A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFusarium langsethiae is a toxigenic fungus that was formally described as a new species in 2004. This fungus was first detailed in the 1990s but was initially referred to as ‘powdery Fusarium poae’ having a spore morphology similar to F. poae but a mycotoxin profile like that of Fusarium sporotrichioides. The species has been isolated from infected oat, wheat and barley grains but has been reported as more problematic in the former crop rather than the latter two. Whilst the epidemiology of F. langsethiae remains unclear, the fungus has been shown to produce high levels of type‐A trichothecenes HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins in small‐grain cereals. HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins are two of the most potent trichothecenes capable of inhibiting protein synthesis in eukaryotes. In this regard, mycotoxin contamination caused by F. langsethiae is clearly a food and feed safety hazard. With the European Commission considering legislation of HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins, more information is required not only on the producer and conditions favouring mycotoxin production, but also on reliable methods of pathogen detection and reduction of cereal contamination. This review describes recent research concerning the known epidemiology of F. langsethiae and suggestions of what needs to be known about the fungus in order to be able to understand and employ measures for preventing its infection and contamination of cereals with HT‐2 and T‐2 toxins.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts as the original sites of melatonin synthesis: a hypothesis related to melatonin's primary function and evolution in eukaryotes
Authors: Tan Dun‐Xian , Manchester Lucien C. , Liu Xiaoyan , Rosales‐Corral Sergio A. , Acuna‐Castroviejo Dario , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMitochondria and chloroplasts are major sources of free radical generation in living organisms. Because of this, these organelles require strong protection from free radicals and associated oxidative stress. Melatonin is a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant. It meets the criteria as a mitochondrial and chloroplast antioxidant. Evidence has emerged to show that both mitochondria and chloroplasts may have the capacity to synthesize and metabolize melatonin. The activity of arylalkylamine N‐acetyltransferase (AANAT), the reported rate‐limiting enzyme in melatonin synthesis, has been identified in mitochondria, and high levels of melatonin have also been found in this organelle. From an evolutionary point of view, the precursor of mitochondria probably is the purple nonsulfur bacterium, particularly, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and chloroplasts are probably the descendents of cyanobacteria. These bacterial species were endosymbionts of host proto‐eukaryotes and gradually transformed into cellular organelles, that is, mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively, thereby giving rise to eukaryotic cells. Of special importance, both purple nonsulfur bacteria (R. rubrum) and cyanobacteria synthesize melatonin. The enzyme activities required for melatonin synthesis have also been detected in these primitive species. It is our hypothesis that mitochondria and chloroplasts are the original sites of melatonin synthesis in the early stage of endosymbiotic organisms; this synthetic capacity was carried into host eukaryotes by the above‐mentioned bacteria. Moreover, their melatonin biosynthetic capacities have been preserved during evolution. In most, if not in all cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts may continue to be the primary sites of melatonin generation. Melatonin production in other cellular compartments may have derived from mitochondria and chloroplasts. On the basis of this hypothesis, it is also possible to explain why plants typically have higher melatonin levels than do animals. In plants, both chloroplasts and mitochondria likely synthesize melatonin, while animal cells contain only mitochondria. The high levels of melatonin produced by mitochondria and chloroplasts are used to protect these important cellular organelles against oxidative stress and preserve their physiological functions. The superior beneficial effects of melatonin in both mitochondria and chloroplasts have been frequently reported.