bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoiding unnecessary blood transfusions in women with profound anaemia
Authors: Lee Eun Sil , Kim Min Jung , Park Bo Ra , Kim Jeong Sig , Choi Gyu Yeon , Lee Jeong Jae , Lee Im Soon 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundBlood transfusions may be associated with risks and the risk: benefit ratio is not always clear, even in the setting of haemorrhage.AimsTo describe the management practices and outcomes in women with profound anaemia who refused blood transfusion.Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis over a 10‐year time frame of severely anaemic women (Hb <50 g/L) with benign conditions who had requested not to receive a blood transfusion. Demographic data, clinical presentation, anaemia management practice and serious adverse events were collected from the medical record charts. Women were analysed in two groups: a gynaecologic (Gyn) and an obstetric (Ob) population.ResultsA total of 19 women (12 Gyn and 7 Ob) met the inclusion criteria with a mean age of 35.8 ± 10.2 years. The lowest mean Hb concentration was 41.3 ± 9.7 g/L (Gyn Group) and 36.0 ± 8.9 g/L (Ob Group) which increased, to 67.3 ± 14.3 g/L and 73.1 ± 6.9 g/L, respectively, by the time of hospital discharge. Anaemia management initially addressed the underlying etiology and was followed by intravenous iron (all cases) plus erythropoiesis stimulating agents, haemocoagulase and/or fluids. The mean length of hospital stay was 10.5 ± 4.4 and 13.7 ± 4.1 days for the Gyn and Ob groups, respectively. No deaths or other serious complications occurred.ConclusionThese findings suggest that young and otherwise healthy women can tolerate profound anaemia (Hb <50 g/L) permitting corrective strategies to be successfully implemented without the need for blood transfusion.
Perineal management techniques among midwives at five hospitals in New South Wales – A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Ampt Amanda J. , de Vroome Michelle , Ford Jane B. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundMidwives are reported to have changed from ‘hands on’ to ‘hands poised or off’ approaches to birth at the same time as obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs) are increasing. As perineal management details are not routinely collected, it is difficult to quantify practice.AimsTo determine which perineal protections techniques midwives prefer for low‐risk non‐water births; whether preference is associated with technique taught or with other characteristics; and whether midwives change preference according to clinical scenario.Materials and MethodsMidwives in Northern Sydney Local Health District (NSLHD) were surveyed during a 2‐week period in 2014. Multiple‐choice questions were used, with free text option. Descriptive analyses, chi‐square and McNemar tests were undertaken.ResultsOne hundred and eight midwives participated (response rate 76.7%). ‘Hands poised or off’ was preferred by 63.0% for a low‐risk birth. Current practice was associated with technique taught (P < 0.01). For scenarios with increased OASI risk midwives reported switching to ‘hands on’, with 83.4% employing ‘hands on’ whether there was concern about an impending OASI. There has been a shift over time from teaching ‘hands on’ to ‘hands poised or off’.ConclusionThe preferred technique for a low‐risk birth appears to have changed from ‘hands on’ to ‘hands poised or off’, but most midwives adopt ‘hands on’ in situations of high risk for OASI. Further research is needed to establish whether there is an association with the rising OASI rate and the change in preferred perineal management technique for a low‐risk birth.
Risk of high‐grade cervical dysplasia and gynaecological malignancies following the cytologic diagnosis of atypical endocervical cells of undetermined significance: A retrospective study of a state‐wide screening population in Western Australia
Authors: Munro Aime , Williams Vincent , Semmens James , Leung Yee , Stewart Colin J.R. , Codde Jim , Spilsbury Katrina , Steel Nerida , Cohen Paul , O'leary Peter 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIn 2006, Australia adopted a revised cervical cytology terminology system, known as the Australian Modified Bethesda System (AMBS). One substantial change in the AMBS was the introduction of the diagnostic category of atypical endocervical cells (AEC) of undetermined significance.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of histologically confirmed high‐grade cervical dysplasia (cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2 and 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (ACIS)), cervical carcinoma and endometrial carcinoma in women presenting with AEC on cervical cytology.MethodsA seven‐year retrospective study examining clinical outcomes of women with AEC on a screening cervical smear. Cytology and histology results were extracted from the Western Australia Cervical Screening Registry, and time‐to‐event analysis was used to predict the odds of having or developing in situ and invasive neoplasia.ResultsAEC was reported in index smears from 0.093% (584/622754) women during the study period. No follow‐up was available in 35 AEC cases. Sixty‐five of the remaining 549 women (11.8%) had, or developed, high‐grade cervical dysplasia within five years of their index AEC diagnosis. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in 21 women and cervical cancer in four women during the follow‐up period.ConclusionCytologic demonstration of AEC requires careful gynaecologic evaluation, particularly in younger women who may be found to have either high‐grade squamous (CIN) or glandular (ACIS) lesions, while in older women, the possibility of endometrial neoplasia needs to be considered.
The association between endometrial polyps and metabolic syndrome: A case–control study
Authors: Özkan Nazlı Topfedaisi , Tokmak Aytekin , Güzel Ali İrfan , Özkan Selçuk , çİçek Mahmut Nedim 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundEndometrial polyps are common benign gynaecologic disorders. The etiopathogenesis of this condition remains unclear, however obesity is an important risk factor for the development of endometrial polyps.AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate a possible association between endometrial polyps and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome (MetS).Materials and MethodsForty‐five women with endometrial polyps (study group) and 45 without (control group) were included in this cross‐sectional study. The main parameters evaluated between the groups were age, BMI (body mass index), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, fasting glucose levels and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR).ResultsThere was a significant difference between the groups in terms of BMI, WC, insulin levels and HOMA‐IR (P < 0.05). The MetS was present in 32 (71.1%) of women in the study group and in 6 (13.3%) in the control group (P < 0.001). Logistic regression demonstrated that MetS was a significant risk factor for endometrial polyps. ROC curve analysis also showed that MetS was the most significant discriminative risk factor in the study group with an AUC of 0.789 (0.691–0.887; CI 95%).ConclusionOur study suggests that there may be a relationship between endometrial polyps, MetS and insulin resistance. Further studies are required to explain the role of this relationship in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Griffin, Patrick & Care, Esther ed (2015) Assessment and teaching of 21st century skillsSpringer (Berlin) isbn978‐94‐017‐9395‐7 310 pp €99.99 (ebook €83.29) http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978‐94‐017‐9395‐7
Authors: García Laborda Jesús 
Published: June 2015

SummaryWhile learning methods and approaches have changed dramatically in the 21st century, assessment—especially standardised testing—has remained almost untouched. This volume presents a collection of papers on an innovative approach to collaborative testing. It describes the theoretical framework of an international project and reflects on a challenging perspective of what learning and teaching mean today and will mean tomorrow. If the book sounds likely to be close to your needs, I strongly suggest you buy a copy.Jesús García Laborda
Mechanism of inhibition of mouse Slo3 (KCa5.1) potassium channels by quinine, quinidine and barium
Authors: Wrighton David C , Muench Stephen P , Lippiat Jonathan D 
Published: June 2015

Background and PurposeThe Slo3 (KCa5.1) channel is a major component of mammalian KSper (sperm potassium conductance) channels and inhibition of these channels by quinine and barium alters sperm motility. The aim of this investigation was to determine the mechanism by which these drugs inhibit Slo3 channels.Experimental ApproachMouse (m) Slo3 (KCa5.1) channels or mutant forms were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and currents recorded with 2‐electrode voltage‐clamp. Gain‐of‐function mSlo3 mutations were used to explore the state‐dependence of the inhibition. The interaction between quinidine and mSlo3 channels was modelled by in silico docking.Key ResultsSeveral drugs known to block KSper also affected mSlo3 channels with similar levels of inhibition. The inhibition induced by extracellular barium was prevented by increasing the extracellular potassium concentration. R196Q and F304Y mutations in the mSlo3 voltage sensor and pore, respectively, both increased channel activity. The F304Y mutation did not alter the effects of barium, but increased the potency of inhibition by both quinine and quinidine approximately 10‐fold; this effect was not observed with the R196Q mutation.Conclusions and ImplicationsBlock of mSlo3 channels by quinine, quinidine and barium is not state‐dependent. Barium inhibits mSlo3 outside the cell by interacting with the selectivity filter, whereas quinine and quinidine act from the inside, by binding in a hydrophobic pocket formed by the S6 segment of each subunit. Furthermore, we propose that the Slo3 channel activation gate lies deep within the pore between F304 in the S6 segment and the selectivity filter.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) and susceptibility to papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Yuan Qingzhong , Bu Qingao , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Jun , Cui Tao , Zhu Rui , Mu Dongpo 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundThyroid cancer, predominantly by papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), is a malignant tumour of endocrine system with increasing incidence rate worldwide. Upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulates a variety of biological processes by transactivation of functional genes. In this study, we investigated the association between USF1 polymorphisms and PTC risk.Material & MethodsA total of 334 patients with PTC, 186 patients with benign nodules (BN) and 668 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. Tag‐SNPs were identified in Chinese Han in Beijing (CHB) from International HapMap Project Databases. Genomic DNAs were extracted by TaqMan Blood DNA kits. SNPs of USF1 were genotyped by TaqMan SNPs genotyping assay. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association between USF1 genetic variants and PTC risk. The statistical analyses were carried out with spss 13.0 software.ResultsFive tag‐SNPs were retrieved to capture all the genetic variants of USF1. Among the five tag‐SNPs, genetic variants in rs2516838, rs3737787 and rs2516839 have significant association with PTC risk. The rs2516838 polymorphisms dominant model (CG+GG vs CC: OR = 0·71; 95% CI: 0·52–0·97; P = 0·033) and allelic model (C vs G: OR = 0·031; 95% CI: 0·56–0·97; P = 0·031) indicated it may act as a protective factor against PTC. On the contrary, the results of rs3737787 polymorphisms: dominant model (CT+TT vs CC: OR = 1·55; 95%CI: 1·09–2·02; P = 0·001) and allelic model (C vs T: OR = 1·35; 95%CI: 1·10–1·64; P = 0·003), as well as the results of rs2516839 polymorphisms: dominant model (GA+AA vs GG: OR = 1·77; 95%CI: 1·31–2·38; P < 0·001) and allelic model (G vs A: OR = 1·36; 95%CI: 1·13–1·63; P = 0·014), revealed that they may act as risk factors for PTC.ConclusionIn this study, we found the SNPs of rs2516838 (mutant G alleles vs wild C alleles), rs3737787 (mutant T alleles vs wild C alleles) and rs2516839 (mutant A alleles vs wild G alleles) were significantly associated with PTC risk. Further large‐scale studies with different ethnicities are still needed to validate our findings and explore the underlying mechanism of USF1 in PTC development.
The influence of water ingestion on postexercise hypotension and standing haemodynamics
Authors: Mendonca Goncalo V. , Fernhall Bo 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn young healthy adults, postexercise hypotension (PEH) occurs after a single bout of dynamic exercise due to peripheral vasodilation. Gravitational stress may further aggravate the magnitude of PEH, thus predisposing to orthostatic intolerance. As water drinking activates sympathetic vasoconstriction, it might offset PEH via enhanced α‐adrenergic vascular responsiveness. We hypothesized that water ingestion before exercise would decrease the magnitude of PEH and improve the haemodynamic reaction to active standing postmaximal exercise. In a randomized fashion, 17 healthy adults (nine men; eight women, 21·2 ± 1·6 years) ingested 50 and 500 ml of water before completing resting, cycle ergometer and recovery protocols on two separate days. After exercise, measurements [arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate and spectral heart rate variability (HRV)] were taken in the seated position followed by 5 min of active standing. Compared to that seen post‐50 ml of water, the 500 ml volume elicited an overall increase in BP (P < 0·05). Nevertheless, the magnitude of PEH was not different after either volume of water. There was an overall bradycardic effect of water, and this was accompanied by increased high‐frequency power (P < 0·05). Finally, no BP, heart rate or HRV differences were found between conditions in response to active standing. These data suggest that, despite being well preserved after maximal exercise, the water pressor response does not affect the magnitude of PEH. They also indicate that drinking 500 ml of water does not impact the BP, heart rate or HRV response to 5 min of active standing during recovery postmaximal exercise.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp gene polymorphism influences body composition and biochemical parameters but not the nitric oxide response to eccentric resistance exercise in elderly obese women
Authors: Teixeira Tatiane Gomes , Tibana Ramires Alsamir , Nascimento Dahan da Cunha , de Sousa Nuno Manuel Frade , de Souza Vinicius Carolino , Vieira Denis César Leite , Nóbrega Otávio de Toledo , de Almeida Jeeser Alves , Navalta James , Prestes Jonato 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBoth endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in important cardiovascular, muscular and inflammatory physiological mechanisms during ageing and response to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the NO kinetic response following an acute eccentric resistance exercise (ERE) session and the possible effect of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene polymorphism in elderly obese women. Eighty‐seven women (age 69·4 ± 6·1 years, body weight 74·9 ± 12·7 kg, height 151·9 ± 6·0 cm and BMI 32·5 ± 5·7 kg m−2) completed seven sets of ten eccentric repetitions at 110% of the ten repetitions maximum (10RM). NO concentrations remained elevated up to 48 h following the acute ERE session as compared with baseline, for GG and GT/TT groups (P<0·05), with no differences between genotypes. The GG genotype group had higher body weight, prevalence of obesity (BMI classification – 81% versus 56%), BMI and higher relative muscle strength, while they had significantly lower triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations as compared with TT/TG group. In conclusion, NO remains elevated for up to 48 h after an acute ERE session, without genotype interaction. The TT/TG genotype had a negative impact on triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations. Thus, T carriers should increase their attention to cardiovascular risk factor and metabolic disorders.
Family Members' Perceptions of How They Benefit When Relatives Living with Serious Mental Illness Participate in Clubhouse Community Programs
Authors: Pernice‐Duca Francesca , Biegel David E. , Hess Heather Renee , Chung Chia‐Ling , Chang Ching‐Wen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFamily members provide a significant source of social support to relatives living with a serious mental health disorder, such as schizophrenia. Few public mental health programs offer families a supportive environment where their relatives can develop independence, life skills, and satisfying relationships that are not dependent on the family's involvement. The Clubhouse is one such model. Although family members are not directly involved, they may experience indirect effects from their relative's participation. Family members with relatives involved in Clubhouse (n = 35) completed an in‐depth semi‐structured interview. Transcripts were analyzed to identify underlying themes. Five primary themes emerged ranging from less burden to greater positive family interaction. Specifically, family members attributed Clubhouses as providing a supportive external community for their loved ones, but also ameliorating negative aspects of family care and improving family interactions. Practical implications for family professionals are discussed.
Age and sex differences of risk factors of activity limitations in Japanese older adults
Authors: Monma Takafumi , Takeda Fumi , Noguchi Haruko , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: June 2015

AimThe objective of the present study was to verify how socioeconomic and physical/mental health status would be associated with activity limitations by age and sex among older adults, using nationally representative cross‐sectional data in Japan.MethodsThe present study focused on 8373 older adults aged 65 years or older extracted from the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions conducted in 2007 by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses and population‐attributable risk were applied to validate the relationships of socioeconomic and physical/mental health status with activity limitations among the total population, and by age groups (young‐old or old‐old) and sex.ResultsMental health showed the highest odds ratio and population‐attributable risk in the total population. In addition, low back pain was associated with activity limitations regardless of age and sex. Other musculoskeletal diseases, such as arthropathy and osteoporosis, were related to activity limitations for women, regardless of age, whereas cardiovascular diseases, including angina pectoris/myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke, were associated with activity limitations for men in any age group. There were no statistically significant correlations between socioeconomic status and activity limitations in any groups.ConclusionMental health was the most important factor of activity limitations in Japanese older adults. Furthermore, low back pain regardless of age and sex, other musculoskeletal diseases only for women and cardiovascular diseases mainly for men could also be significant risk factors to activity limitations. Therefore, preventive approaches of activity limitations considering sex differences are important for older adults in Japan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
The source of net ultrafiltration during hemodialysis is mostly the extracellular space regardless of hydration status
Authors: Jeong Hyeonju , Lim Chae‐Wan , Choi Hye‐Min , Oh Dong‐Jin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFluid shifts are common in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) during the intradialytic periods, as several liters of fluid are removed during ultrafiltration (UF). Some patients have experienced frequent intradialytic hypotension (IDH). However, the characteristics of fluid shifts and which fluid space is affected remain controversial. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the fluid spaces most affected by UF and to determine whether hydration status influences the fluid shifts during HD. This was a prospective cohort study of 40 patients undergoing HD. We measured the patient's fluid spaces using a whole‐body bioimpedance apparatus to evaluate the changes in the fluid spaces before HD and 1–4 hours of HD and 30 minutes after HD. UF achieved during HD by the 40 patients (age, 60.0 ± 5.2 years; 50% men; 50% of patients with diabetes; body weight, 61.3 ± 10.5 kg) was 2.18 ± 0.78 L (measured fluid overload, 2.15 ± 1.24 L). 1) Mean relative reduction of total body water and extracellular water was reduced from the start to the end of HD. 2) However, mean relative reduction of intracellular water was not reduced from the start to the end of HD. 3) No significant differences in fluid shifts were observed according to hydration status. The source of net UF during HD is mostly the extracellular space regardless of hydration status. Thus, IDH may be related to differences in the interstitial fluid shift to the vascular space.
Evaluation of a hydrophobic gel adhering to the gingiva in comparison with a standard water‐soluble 1% chlorhexidine gel after scaling and root planing in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rusu D , Stratul S‐I , Sarbu C , Roman A , Anghel A , Didilescu A , Jentsch H 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic activity of a hydrophobic chlorhexidine‐based gingiva‐adhering gel containing herbal ingredients, compared with a commercially available 1% chlorhexidine water‐soluble gel, during non‐surgical therapy of moderate chronic periodontitis.MethodsA total of 34 subjects participated in this 6‐month blinded randomized parallel controlled trial (ISRCTN35210084). After scaling and root planing (SRP), test group received the gel, by rubbing on the gingiva, once every second day, for 14 days. The control group received the control gel twice daily. Clinical parameters considered were the approximal plaque index, simplified oral hygiene index, modified gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level (primary outcome), assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months, together with the frequency of detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Prevotella intermedia, Treponema denticola (T.d.), Tannerella forsythia (T.f.), and activity of neutrophil elastase and myeloperoxidase (secondary outcomes).ResultsAt 3 and 6 months, all clinical parameters improved significantly, without significant intergroup differences, except OHI‐S, which improved at 3 months (P < 0.05). Microbiological data resulted in no significant intergroup differences at baseline and 6 months. At 3 months, significant differences for P.g., T.f. and T.d. were noted. A significant reduction of neutrophil elastase after 3 and 6 months was observed (P < 0.005), without significant intergroup differences. For myeloperoxidase, significant reductions were noted in both groups (P < 0.005 and P < 0.05), but no significant intergroup differences. The tested product seemed to have an increased efficacy, due to longer persistence on the gingiva, with reduced application frequency.ConclusionsBoth products had a relatively similar influence on the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic outcomes at 3 and 6 months after SRP.