bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Mammographic Density Assessed as Volumes and Areas among Women Undergoing Diagnostic Image-Guided Breast Biopsy
Authors: Gierach Gretchen L. , Geller Berta M. , Shepherd John A. , Patel Deesha A. , Vacek Pamela M. , Weaver Donald L. , Chicoine Rachael E. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Fan Bo , Mahmoudzadeh Amir Pasha , Wang Jeff , Johnson Jason M. , Herschorn Sally D. , Brinton Louise A. , Sherman Mark E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground: Mammographic density (MD), the area of non–fatty-appearing tissue divided by total breast area, is a strong breast cancer risk factor. Most MD analyses have used visual categorizations or computer-assisted quantification, which ignore breast thickness. We explored MD volume and area, using a volumetric approach previously validated as predictive of breast cancer risk, in relation to risk factors among women undergoing breast biopsy.Methods: Among 413 primarily white women, ages 40 to 65 years, undergoing diagnostic breast biopsies between 2007 and 2010 at an academic facility in Vermont, MD volume (cm3) was quantified in craniocaudal views of the breast contralateral to the biopsy target using a density phantom, whereas MD area (cm2) was measured on the same digital mammograms using thresholding software. Risk factor associations with continuous MD measurements were evaluated using linear regression.Results: Percent MD volume and area were correlated (r = 0.81) and strongly and inversely associated with age, body mass index (BMI), and menopause. Both measures were inversely associated with smoking and positively associated with breast biopsy history. Absolute MD measures were correlated (r = 0.46) and inversely related to age and menopause. Whereas absolute dense area was inversely associated with BMI, absolute dense volume was positively associated.Conclusions: Volume and area MD measures exhibit some overlap in risk factor associations, but divergence as well, particularly for BMI.Impact: Findings suggest that volume and area density measures differ in subsets of women; notably, among obese women, absolute density was higher with volumetric methods, suggesting that breast cancer risk assessments may vary for these techniques. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2338–48. ©2014 AACR.
Biomarkers for Personalizing Omega-3 Fatty Acid Dosing
Authors: Jiang Yan , Djuric Zora , Sen Ananda , Ren Jianwei , Kuklev Dmitry , Waters Ian , Zhao Lili , Uhlson Charis L. , Hong Yu H. , Murphy Robert C. , Normolle Daniel P. , Smith William L. , Brenner Dean E. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. PGE2 in colon tissue can be reduced by increasing dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The dose-dependent relationships between dietary EPA, serum EPA:arachidonate (AA) ratio, urinary PGE2 metabolites, and colonic eicosanoids were evaluated to develop biomarkers for prediction of colonic PGE2. Male rats were fed diets containing EPA:ω6 fatty acid ratios of 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 for 5 weeks. Increasing the dietary EPA:ω6 fatty acid ratio increased EPA:AA ratios in serum and in the proximal, transverse, and distal colon (P &lt; 0.001). The urinary PGE2 metabolite was reduced (P = 0.006). EPA-rich diets reduced colonic tissue PGE2 concentrations by 58% to 66% and increased PGE3 by 19- to 28-fold. Other AA–derived eicosanoids were reduced by 35% to 83%. The changes were not linear, with the largest changes in eicosanoids observed with the lower doses. A mathematical model predicts colonic tissue eicosanoids from the EPA:AA ratio in serum and the EPA dose. Every 10% increase in serum EPA:AA was associated with a 2% decrease in the (geometric) mean of PGE2 in the distal colon. These mathematical relationships can now be applied to individualized EPA dosing in clinical trials. Cancer Prev Res; 7(10); 1011–22. ©2014 AACR.
Prognostic Implications of the Systolic to Diastolic Duration Ratio in Children With Idiopathic or Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mondal Tapas , Slorach Cameron , Manlhiot Cedric , Hui Wei , Kantor Paul F. , McCrindle Brian W. , Mertens Luc , Friedberg Mark K. 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Childhood dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) carries high morbidity and mortality. The echocardiographic systolic to diastolic (S:D) duration ratio, an indicator of global cardiac performance, is elevated in DCM; however, its prognostic implications have not been investigated in this population.

Methods and Results—

We investigated systolic and diastolic durations and the resultant S:D ratio using pulsed tissue Doppler imaging in children with idiopathic or familial DCM. We studied serial echocardiograms from presentation until the last follow-up echo. Results were compared with heart rate–matched controls and between DCM subgroups based on an acute or insidious presentation. The association between S:D ratio and death or need for transplant was analyzed. All analyses were adjusted for repeated measures per patient. We studied 200 serial echocardiograms of 48 children with DCM (7.0±6.0 years) and 25 controls. Adjusted for repeated measures through a compound symmetry covariance structure, the S:D ratio was higher in DCM patients (−0.425 [0.072];
P
<0.001) because of shortened diastole. A S:D ratio >1.2 at presentation and on serial evaluation was associated with a hazard ratio of 10.5 (95% confidence interval, 3.9–27.8;
P
<0.001) for death or transplant. In combined multivariable analysis, a S:D ratio >1.2 remained significantly associated with hazard of death/transplant (hazard ratio, 9.1;
P
=0.04) after adjustment for ejection fraction (hazard ratio: 2.2 per −10%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
A high S:D ratio is associated with increased risk for death or need for transplant in children with DCM across the spectrum of heart rates and may be a useful prognostic index for serial evaluation of children with DCM.
Frequent Utilization of the Emergency Department for Acute Heart Failure Syndrome
Authors: Hasegawa Kohei , Tsugawa Yusuke , Camargo Carlos A. , Brown David F.M. 
Published: August 2014

Background—
Although most research on patients with acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) has focused on readmissions, this may provide an incomplete picture of health-care utilization. We examined the proportion and characteristics of patients with frequent emergency department (ED) visits for AHFS and associated health-care utilization.

Methods and Results—

A retrospective cohort study of adults with at least 1 ED visit for AHFS between 2010 and 2011 was performed, derived from population-based multipayer data of state ED and inpatient databases for 2 large and diverse states, California and Florida. The analytic sample comprised 113 033 patients with 175 491 ED visits for AHFS. During the 1-year follow-up period, 30.8% of patients had ≥2 (frequent) visits, accounting for 55.4% (95% confidence interval, 55.2–55.5%) of all ED visits for AHFS. In the multivariable model, significant predictors of frequent ED visits were non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, and lower median household income (all
P
<0.001). At the visit level, patients with frequent ED visits accounted for 55.0% (95% confidence interval, 54.8–5.3%) of all AHFS hospitalizations via ED. Total charges for AHFS were $3.08 billion (95% confidence interval, $3.03–3.14 billion) in Florida alone; patients with frequent ED visits accounted for 53.3% of total charges (95% confidence interval, 53.2–53.3%).

Conclusions—
In this large cohort study, we found that one third (31%) of ED patients with AHFS had frequent ED visits for this condition and that minority race/ethnicity and lower socioeconomic status were associated with frequent ED visits. Individuals with frequent ED visits accounted for the majority of ED visits, hospitalizations, and hospital charges.
Association of Interleukin-6 With the Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Okazaki Shuhei , Sakaguchi Manabu , Miwa Kaori , Furukado Shigetaka , Yamagami Hiroshi , Yagita Yoshiki , Mochizuki Hideki , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Limited information is available on the long-term effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on systemic atherosclerosis. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the relationship between chronic elevation of IL-6 and the long-term progression of carotid atherosclerosis.

Methods—
We prospectively evaluated 210 patients with ≥1 vascular risk factors for 9.0±1.0 years. Carotid mean-maximal intima-media thickness (mmIMT), the serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, and the serum IL-6 level were measured at baseline and every 3 years. The associations between the progression of mmIMT and the long-term average levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 were analyzed.

Results—

Carotid mmIMT increased throughout the study period (0.031±0.026 mm/y). Baseline mmIMT was significantly associated with baseline hs-CRP (
P
=0.002) and baseline IL-6 (
P
<0.001) levels. Progression of mmIMT was positively correlated with average hs-CRP (
P
=0.001) and average IL-6 (
P
<0.001) levels. When adjusted for age, sex, traditional risk factors, and baseline mmIMT, mmIMT progression remained significantly associated only with the average IL-6 level (standardized β=0.17;
P
=0.02), but not with the average hs-CRP level (standardized β=0.10;
P
=0.18).

Conclusions—
Chronic elevation of serum IL-6 was associated with the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with vascular risk factors. IL-6 could be used as a quantitative marker and a potential therapeutic target for accelerated atherosclerosis.
Follistatin-Like 1 Attenuates Apoptosis via Disco-Interacting Protein 2 Homolog A/Akt Pathway After Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats
Authors: Liang Xiping , Hu Qin , Li Bo , McBride Devin , Bian Hetao , Spagnoli Pierre , Chen Di , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), an extracellular glycoprotein, has been reported to decrease apoptosis in ischemic cardiac diseases, but its effect in ischemic stroke has not been examined. We hypothesized that recombinant FSTL1 attenuates neuronal apoptosis through its receptor disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A) and the Akt pathway after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.

Methods—
One hundred forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 2 hours of MCAO followed by reperfusion. In a subset of animals, the time course and location of FSTL1 and DIP2A were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence double staining. Another set of animals were intracerebroventricularly given either recombinant FSTL1 1 hour after reperfusion or FSTL1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) 48 hours before reperfusion. Additionally, DIP2A was knockdown by siRNA in some animals. Infarction volume and neurological deficits were measured, and the expression of FSTL1, DIP2A, phosphorylated Akt, cleaved caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling were quantified using Western blot.

Results—
The expression of FSTL1 and DIP2A was increased in neurons and peaked 24 hours after MCAO. Recombinant FSTL1 reduced brain infarction and improved neurological deficits 24 and 72 hours after MCAO via activation of its receptor DIP2A and downstream phosphorylation of Akt. These effects were reversed by DIP2A-siRNA and FSTL1-siRNA.

Conclusions—
Recombinant FSTL1 decreases neuronal apoptosis and improves neurological deficits through phosphorylation of Akt by activation of its receptor DIP2A after MCAO in rats. Thus, FSTL1 may have potentials as a treatment for patients with ischemic stroke.
The Use of Snow-Level Observations Derived from Vertically Profiling Radars to Assess Hydrometeorological Characteristics and Forecasts over Washington’s Green River Basin
Authors: Neiman Paul J. , Gottas Daniel J. , White Allen B. , Schick Lawrence J. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Two vertically pointing S-band radars (coastal and inland) were operated in western Washington during two winters to monitor brightband snow-level altitudes. Similar snow-level characteristics existed at both sites, although the inland site exhibited lower snow levels by ~70 m because of proximity to cold continental air, and snow-level altitude changes were delayed there by several hours owing to onshore translation of weather systems. The largest precipitation accumulations and rates occurred when the snow level was largely higher than the adjacent terrain. A comparison of these observations with long-term operational radiosonde data reveals that the radar snow levels mirrored climatological conditions. The inland radar data were used to assess the performance of nearby operational freezing-level forecasts. The forecasts possessed a lower-than-observed bias of 100–250 m because of a combination of forecast error and imperfect representativeness between the forecast and observing points. These forecast discrepancies increased in magnitude with higher observed freezing levels, thus representing the hydrologically impactful situations where a greater fraction of mountain basins receive rain rather than snow and generate more runoff than anticipated. Vertical directional wind shear calculations derived from wind-profiler data, and concurrent surface temperature data, reveal that most snow-level forecast discrepancies occurred with warm advection aloft and low-level cold advection through the Stampede Gap. With warm advection, forecasts were too high (low) for observed snow levels below (above) 1.25 km MSL. An analysis of sea level pressure differences across the Cascades indicated that mean forecasts were too high (low) for observed snow levels below (above) 1.25 km MSL when higher pressure was west (east) of the range.
A New Quasi-Horizontal Glider to Measure Biophysical Microstructure
Authors: Foloni-Neto Herminio , Lueck Rolf , Mabuchi Yoshiro , Nakamura Hisato , Arima Masakazu , Yamazaki Hidekatsu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This study describes the development of a new tethered quasi-horizontal microstructure profiler: the Turbulence Ocean Microstructure Acquisition Profiler–Glider [TurboMAP-Glider (TMG)]. It is a unique instrument, capable of measuring ocean microstructure (temperature and turbulent velocity shear), chlorophyll, and turbidity simultaneously through a quasi-horizontal perspective. Three field experiments were carried out near Joga-shima, Japan, to test the TMG flight performance, and those results as well as comparisons with a laser-based vertical profiler, TurboMAP-L (TM), are described here. The TMG was capable of flying with an angle of attack of less than 25° and was reasonably stable for up to 300 m horizontally over 100-m depth. Some new and relevant empirical results about quasi-horizontal application of high-resolution chlorophyll-a fluorescence sensors are presented. The ratio between the Thorpe length scale and the Ozmidov length scale was used as a tracer to demonstrate that most of the TMG density inversions are due to horizontal variability and not to vertical overturning. These waveform structures are probably due to the horizontal inhomogeneity of the density field and are likely caused by internal waves.
Numerical Simulations of the Genesis of Typhoon Nuri (2008): Sensitivity to Initial Conditions and Implications for the Roles of Intense Convection and Moisture Conditions
Authors: Li Zhan , Pu Zhaoxia 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The sensitivity of numerical simulations of the genesis of Typhoon Nuri (2008) to initial conditions is examined using the Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The initial and boundary conditions are derived from two different global analyses at different lead times. One simulation successfully captures the processes of Nuri’s genesis and early intensification, whereas other simulations fail to predict the genesis of Nuri. Discrepancies between simulations with and without Nuri’s development are diagnosed. Significant differences are found in the development and organization of the intense convection during Nuri’s pregenesis phase. In the developing case, convection evolves and organizes into a “pouch” center of a westward-propagating wavelike disturbance. In the nondeveloping case, the convection fails to develop and organize. Favorable conditions for the development of deep convection include strong closed circulation patterns with high humidity, especially at the middle levels. An additional set of sensitivity experiments is performed to examine the impact of the moisture field on numerical simulations of Nuri’s genesis. Results confirm that the enhancement of mid- to upper-level moisture is favorable for Nuri’s genesis, mainly because moist conditions benefit deep convection, which produces diabatic heating from latent heat release when vertical airmass flux maxima occur in the mid- to upper-level atmosphere. The substantial warming at upper levels induced by latent heat release from persistent deep convection contributes to the drop in Nuri’s minimum central sea level pressure. Overall, results from this study demonstrate that it is essential to accurately represent the initial conditions in numerical predictions of tropical cyclone genesis.
Epidemiological Survey of Head and Neck Injuries and Trauma in the United States
Authors: Sethi Rosh K. V. , Kozin Elliott D. , Fagenholz Peter J. , Lee Daniel J. , Shrime Mark G. , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveHead and neck trauma results in a range of injuries, spanning minor lacerations to life‐threatening airway compromise. Few studies provide in‐depth analysis of injuries to the head and neck (HN). We aim to (1) describe HN injury prevalence in the US and (2) investigate patient disposition and the outcome of mortality.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingNationwide emergency department (ED) sample.MethodsThe 2011 database was queried for encounters with a primary diagnosis of HN injury, as categorized by the Barell Injury Matrix. Weighted estimates for demographics, injury category, and mechanism were extracted. Predictors of mortality and admission were determined by multivariable regression.ResultsWe identified 131 million ED encounters. A weighted total of 5,418,539 visits were related to primary HN injuries. Average age was 30 (SE = 0.4), and 56.8% were male. Sixty‐four percent of injuries were attributed to fall or blunt trauma. Open wounds comprised 41.8% of injuries. The most common procedure was laceration repair (70%). The majority of patients (97%) were discharged home. Mortality rate was less than 1%. Predictors of admission and mortality (P <. 05) included multiple trauma, vessel trauma, and burns. Other risk factors included foreign‐body, older age, and male gender.ConclusionsPrimary HN injuries commonly present to emergency rooms in the US. The majority of HN injuries are non–life threatening and do not require admission to the hospital or result in death. These data have implications for HN injury surveillance and may be used to risk‐stratify patients who present with injuries in the acute care setting.
Donor CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are necessary for posttransplantation cyclophosphamide-mediated protection against GVHD in mice
Authors: Ganguly Sudipto , Ross Duncan B. , Panoskaltsis-Mortari Angela , Kanakry Christopher G. , Blazar Bruce R. , Levy Robert B. , Luznik Leo 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
The prophylactic efficacy of posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) against GVHD is dependent on donor CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs. PTCy treatment was associated with recovery of epigenetically stable and suppressive donor thymus–derived Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs.
The DPY30 subunit in SET1/MLL complexes regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Yang Zhenhua , Augustin Jonathan , Chang Chenbei , Hu Jing , Shah Kushani , Chang Chia-Wei , Townes Tim , Jiang Hao 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
DPY30 is important for the proliferation and proper differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. dpy30 and efficient H3K4 methylation are essential for the normal hematopoiesis of zebrafish.
X chromosome inactivation analysis reveals a difference in the biology of ET patients with JAK2 and CALR mutations
Authors: Allen Christopher , Lambert Jonathan R. , Linch David C. , Gale Rosemary E. 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
In ET, a CALR mutation correlates with a monoclonal X chromosome inactivation pattern, which differs from JAK2V617F mutant disease. The presence of a CALR mutant is associated with suppression of wild-type myelopoiesis.
The risk for depression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Meesters Jorit JL , Bremander Ann , Bergman Stefan , Petersson Ingemar F , Turkiewicz Aleksandra , Englund Martin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Depression is frequent in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. However, epidemiological data about the potential increase in risk are lacking. This study compares the rate of doctor-diagnosed depression in a well defined cohort of AS patients to the general population seeking care.

Methods
The Skåne Healthcare Register comprises healthcare data of each resident in Region Skåne, Sweden (population 1.2 million), including ICD-10 diagnoses. Using physician coded consultation data from years 1999 to 2011, we calculated depression consultation rates for all AS patients. We obtained standardized depression-rate ratios by dividing the observed depression rate in AS patients by the expected rate based on the corresponding age- and sex-specific rates of depression in the general population seeking care. A ratio >1 equals a higher rate of depression among AS patients.

Results
The AS cohort consisted of 1738 subjects (65% men) with a mean age of 54 years. The reference population consisted of 967,012 subjects. During the 13-year observation period 10% (n = 172) of the AS cohort had a doctor-diagnosed depression compared to 6% (n = 105) to be expected. The standardized estimate of depression-rate ratio was 1.81 (95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.24) in women men and 1.49 (1.20 to 1.89) in men.

Conclusions
The rate of doctor-diagnosed depression is increased about 80% in female and 50% in male AS patients. Future challenges are to timely identify and treat the AS patients who suffer from depression.
Heterologous expression of Gaeumannomyces graminis lipoxygenase in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Heshof Ruud , van Schayck J Paul , Tamayo-Ramos Juan Antonio , de Graaff Leo H 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Aspergillus sp. contain ppo genes coding for Ppo enzymes that produce oxylipins from polyunsaturated fatty acids. These oxylipins function as signal molecules in sporulation and influence the asexual to sexual ratio of Aspergillus sp. Fungi like Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus niger contain just ppo genes where the human pathogenic Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus contain ppo genes as well as lipoxygenases. Lipoxygenases catalyze the synthesis of oxylipins and are hypothesized to be involved in quorum-sensing abilities and invading plant tissue. In this study we used A. nidulans WG505 as an expression host to heterologously express Gaeumannomyces graminis lipoxygenase. The presence of the recombinant LOX induced phenotypic changes in A. nidulans transformants. Also, a proteomic analysis of an A. nidulans LOX producing strain indicated that the heterologous protein was degraded before its glycosylation in the secretory pathway. We observed that the presence of LOX induced the specific production of aminopeptidase Y that possibly degrades the G. graminis lipoxygenase intercellularly. Also the presence of the protein thioredoxin reductase suggests that the G. graminis lipoxygenase is actively repressed in A. nidulans.