bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of stocking on brown trout angling catch rates in the Czech Republic during 1996–2018
Authors: Šlapanský Luděk , Janáč Michal , Jurajda Pavel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen investigating potential causes of apparent declines in European brown trout angling catch rates over recent decades, fisheries management procedures are rarely considered. Using a 20‐year dataset of brown trout stocking and angling catch rates, we found a significant decline in brown trout angling catch rates in streams of East Bohemia, Czechia, were well predicted by a reduction in the number of brown trout stocked at catchable size (i.e. age‐3+). Increased stocking of smaller sized brown trout, and recent sporadic efforts to stock large brown trout, had no effect on catch rates. Our findings suggest that brown trout catch rates were related to ‘put‐and‐take’ stocking, in which non‐native rainbow trout gradually replaced brown trout in both stocking and catches. Our study stresses the importance of considering historical fisheries management, a sometimes‐neglected factor, when studying angling catches of economically important species.
Resisting silence and stigma: Mothering and sex work
Authors: McGarry Kathryn , Kondrataitė Irma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article will critically explore differing representations of sex work and motherhood linked to competing ideological perspectives on sex work from the perspective that frames it as the definitive transgression of gendered norms, to that which calls out the lack of necessary support and protections for sex workers. Central to this will be the foregrounding of evidence from sex workers' own management of subjective identities and their narratives of working and mothering, which resist stigma and shame.
Connecting art, maintenance, and motherhood: How Ukeles's maintenance art shapes understandings of maintenance
Authors: Gulari Nil , Dziuba Anna , Huopalainen Astrid 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper proposes an alternative feminist understanding of maintenance by investigating the artistic practices and lived experiences of feminist artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles (b. 1939). Our main theoretical and empirical focus lies on maintenance, and we show how art and motherhood as productive connection points proffer different ways of perceiving, understanding, and practicing maintenance. By contextualizing our case within the historical backdrop of New York between the late 1960s and 1980s, we demonstrate how Ukeles's maintenance art proposes novel ways of perceiving the value of maintenance, from the maintenance performed by mothers to considerations of the broader societal implications of maintenance. Such alternative political understanding aligns with critiques of postfeminist societal discourse. We contend that Ukeles's art inspires a political shift in our thinking about maintenance, where maintenance is valued not solely for its indispensable and utilitarian attributes but also it's relational, emotional, and embodied qualities. This nuanced understanding requests visibility for maintenance and foregrounds “more‐than‐I,” agency, and continuity of life, thereby acknowledging the inherent value of the political dimensions of maintenance.
‘Sometimes You Have No Choice but to Give Them Medication’: Experiences of Nurses Caring for People With Auditory Hallucinations in an Acute Unit
Authors: McCluskey Anita , Watson Chanel , Nugent Linda , O'Connor Tom , Moore Zena , Molloy Luke , Patton Declan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to explore psychiatric nurse's experiences of caring for people with auditory hallucinations in an acute unit. A qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis. The study involved semi‐structured interviews with 18 acute unit nurses all of whom provided interventions to patients with auditory hallucinations. Overall, participants identified their role in the management of risk within an acute unit, the importance of their therapeutic role and a perceived over‐reliance on medication administration as a primary nursing intervention. These findings thus demonstrate the personal and professional conflict that nurses face when working in an acute unit with patients who experience auditory hallucinations. Nurses are in a prime position to provide effective interventions and assistance for people with auditory hallucinations in an acute unit. The findings of this study indicate that mental health nurses may require additional support and education to provide care in a truly recovery‐based manner, with training in specific interventions and engagement skills for people who hear voices. Due to an unpredictable environment and sometimes high‐risk workplace, nurses may also benefit from organisational assistance in this area.
Ultraviolet‐B Stress Increases Epidermal UV‐Screening Effectiveness and Alters Growth and Cell‐Wall Constituents of the Brown Midrib bmr6 and bmr12 Mutants of Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Olson Desirea R. , Ruhland Christopher T. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe brown midrib bmr6 and bmr12 mutants of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) have alterations to the phenylpropanoid pathway impairing the activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and/or caffeate5/hydroxyferulate O‐methyl transferase (COMT) enzymes, which inhibit lignin synthesis. Interestingly, these phenylpropanoids can also act as sunscreen compounds in plants and potentially attenuate ultraviolet radiation. We examined the effects of ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B; 280–320 nm) exclusion on growth, cell‐wall constituents and UV‐screening abilities of bmr6, bmr12, a double mutant (bmr6 bmr12; dm) and wild‐type (WT) genotypes of S. bicolor. Plants were grown in a UV‐transparent greenhouse under filters that either transmitted 2.8% (Mylar) or 90% (Aclar) of UV‐B. The greenhouse experiment was a 2 × 4 (UV treatment × genotype) complete factorial design. Sorghum grown under reduced UV were 23% taller and had 22% fewer leaves. Among genotypes, the WT plants were 5%–12% taller than the bmr6, bmr12 and dm mutants. The near‐ambient UV‐B treatment group was more effective at UV screening and had a 16% higher UV‐screening effectiveness than those under reduced UV‐B. Sorghum plants with the bmr6 and dm genotypes had 8%–19% higher UV‐shield than the bmr12 and WT. Plants grown under the reduced UV‐B treatment had 5% less hemicellulose and 6% more cellulose in their cell walls. There were no overall treatment effects on bulk soluble phenolics, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) or lignin concentrations. These results are a possible indication that the bmr mutants of S. bicolor have a varied response to UV‐B exclusion due to alterations in the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to redistribution of metabolites.
Association of the Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health score with periodontitis among US adults
Authors: Liang Lang , Chen Chia‐Yu , Aris Izzuddin M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate whether cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with periodontitis.Materials and MethodsWe used data from the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We quantified CVH using Life's Essential 8, which includes four health behaviours (diet, smoking, physical activity and sleep) and four health factors (body mass index, blood cholesterol, glucose and pressure). We categorized scores as low (0–49), moderate (50–79) and high (80–100). We calculated subscores of health behaviours and factors and categorized them as low, moderate and high. We used logistic regression to assess the association of CVH with periodontitis, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, poverty index, marital status and health insurance. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThis study included 9296 adults ≥30 years old. Multivariable‐adjusted models showed that subjects with moderate (OR, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.52–0.74) or high (OR, 0.43; 95% CI: 0.33–0.57) CVH had significantly lower odds of periodontitis compared to those with low CVH. These results were consistent in the health behaviours model, but the estimates in the health factors model were not significant.ConclusionsImproving CVH may help prevent periodontitis. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Consistencies in the dietary and isotopic niche of spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus, across a salinity gradient within a coastal Louisiana estuary
Authors: MacRae Pamela S. D. , Russell Micah , Cowan James H. , Fry Brian , Moyo Sydney , Polito Michael J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEstuaries are essential habitats for recreational and commercial fish that are shaped by both natural and anthropogenic processes. In Louisiana a combination of climate change and planned coastal restoration actions is predicted to increase freshwater introduction to coastal estuaries. As such there is a need to quantify the relationships between estuarine fish ecology and salinity to aid in predicting how species will respond to shifts in salinity. We investigated the relative abundance and dietary niches of adult (24.5 ± 5.4 cm standard length) spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus across varying salinity regimes (oligohaline, mesohaline, and polyhaline) within Barataria Bay, Louisiana, using a combination of net sampling and gut content and stable isotopes analysis. We found that the relative abundance of C. nebulosus was lowest at the oligohaline site, translating to approximately five fewer fish captured for every single psu decrease in a site's average annual salinity. In contrast, we found that diets and, to a lesser extent, isotopic niches had a high degree of overlap across sites with differing salinity regimes. Fish and penaeid shrimp were the most common and important prey taxa recovered from guts at all sites. The small isotopic differences found among sites were likely due to spatial variation in hydrogeochemical baselines, and the observed isotopic overlap provides support for the idea that C. nebulosus move between adjacent salinity regimes and forage throughout Barataria Bay. Our results contribute to a greater understanding of the salinity preference and trophic ecology of C. nebulosus that can aid in predicting their responses to future salinity and habitat changes within Barataria Bay associated with predicted climate change and planned coastal restoration actions.
Current and future patterns of vascular plant species richness across a forest–grassland–desert transect in East Asia
Authors: Li Binghe , Du Enzai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuestionsRapid climate change has profoundly altered the spatial distribution of terrestrial plants especially in arid and semi‐arid biomes. However, it remains poorly documented how climate shapes the current and future patterns of plant diversity within and across these vulnerable vegetation types.LocationParts of Mongolia, southeastern Russia, and northern China (94.78°–126.78°E, 34.60°–54.27°N).MethodsUsing a random forest model trained by a comprehensively compiled database on vascular plant species richness (i.e., the number of species within a defined plot area) and corresponding climate variables, soil conditions and vegetation types (forest, grassland, desert), we assessed the current pattern of vascular plant species richness across a typical forest–grassland–desert transect in East Asia. We further predicted future changes in vascular plant species richness under three climate scenarios (SSP1‐2.6, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5).ResultsVascular plant species richness generally showed a decrease from northeast to southwest across the transect, mainly explained by spatial variations in growing‐season precipitation and the minimum temperature of the coldest month. More than half of the transect area will likely experience a loss in vascular plant species richness in 2041–2070 under all three scenarios. The decrease in vascular plant species richness will likely occur in a smaller area under the low‐emission scenario (SSP1‐2.6). We also predict distinct changes in vascular plant species richness for different vegetation types, including a slight increase in forests but an overall decrease in both grasslands and deserts.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a dominant role of growing‐season precipitation in shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of vascular plant species richness across the forest–grassland–desert transect and highlight a risk of plant diversity loss in the regional dryland ecosystems in response to future climate change.
Literature and second language vocabulary learning: The role of text type and teaching approach
Authors: Graham Suzanne , Zhang Pengchong , Hofweber Julia , Fisher Linda , Krüsemann Heike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study considers the relative benefits for vocabulary learning of exposure to two types of texts—literary or nonliterary—used with two teaching approaches. These approaches were termed functional and creative, respectively. In the former, learners’ attention was drawn to factual information and linguistic features in order to develop their linguistic knowledge. In the latter, the aim was to stimulate learners’ personal and emotional response, by drawing their attention to the text's emotional content and how language was used to express meaning. We analyzed data from 160 learners of French in eight schools in England. Learners in four schools studied French poems and those in another four studied French factual texts. Teachers in each text condition employed functional and creative methods of exploitation within a counterbalanced design. We assessed two types of vocabulary knowledge at pre‐ and posttest: meaning recall of vocabulary contained in the texts, and learners’ general vocabulary size. Our results indicated learning gains across both text types. There were, however, important interactions between text type and teaching approach and between text type and the order in which the teaching approaches were used. Finally, we consider the implications of these findings for understanding of vocabulary learning through literature and for classroom practice.
Automatic soft‐tissue analysis on orthodontic frontal and lateral facial photographs based on deep learning
Authors: Chang Qiao , Bai Yuxing , Wang Shaofeng , Wang Fan , Wang Yajie , Zuo Feifei , Xie Xianju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo establish the automatic soft‐tissue analysis model based on deep learning that performs landmark detection and measurement calculations on orthodontic facial photographs to achieve a more comprehensive quantitative evaluation of soft tissues.MethodsA total of 578 frontal photographs and 450 lateral photographs of orthodontic patients were collected to construct datasets. All images were manually annotated by two orthodontists with 43 frontal‐image landmarks and 17 lateral‐image landmarks. Automatic landmark detection models were established, which consisted of a high‐resolution network, a feature fusion module based on depthwise separable convolution, and a prediction model based on pixel shuffle. Ten measurements for frontal images and eight measurements for lateral images were defined. Test sets were used to evaluate the model performance, respectively. The mean radial error of landmarks and measurement error were calculated and statistically analysed to evaluate their reliability.ResultsThe mean radial error was 14.44 ± 17.20 pixels for the landmarks in the frontal images and 13.48 ± 17.12 pixels for the landmarks in the lateral images. There was no statistically significant difference between the model prediction and manual annotation measurements except for the mid facial‐lower facial height index. A total of 14 measurements had a high consistency.ConclusionBased on deep learning, we established automatic soft‐tissue analysis models for orthodontic facial photographs that can automatically detect 43 frontal‐image landmarks and 17 lateral‐image landmarks while performing comprehensive soft‐tissue measurements. The models can assist orthodontists in efficient and accurate quantitative soft‐tissue evaluation for clinical application.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of salivary gland ultrasonography‐positive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Yang Yan , Cheng Lian , Qin Ai‐Ping , Xu Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS)‐positive patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) compared to SGUS‐negative patients and to analyse the diagnostic value of SGUS and labial salivary gland biopsy (LSGB) grading in pSS.MethodsA retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University between May 2019 and November 2023 was conducted. According to the OMERACT scoring system, patients with pSS were divided into an SGUS‐negative group (score <2) and an SGUS‐positive group (score ≥2). The patient's age, gender, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and diagnostic examinations were compared and analysed, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between SGUS, LSGB and influencing factors.ResultsThere was no significant difference in dry mouth, dry eyes, tooth loss, fever, joint pain, fatigue, interstitial lung disease or renal tubular acidosis between the two groups, although there were more patients with salivary gland enlargement in the SGUS‐positive group (p < 0.05). In terms of high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), high levels of rheumatoid factor (RF), anti‐nuclear antibody ≥1:320, anti‐Sjögren's syndrome A‐52KD and anti‐Sjögren's syndrome B, the number of cases in the SGUS‐positive group was greater than that in the SGUS‐negative group (p < 0.05). LSGB samples were graded per the Chisholm–Mason system with significant differences between multiple groups. SGUS score negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with LSGB grade.ConclusionThis study showed that the SGUS score positively correlated with LSGB grade in pSS patients and negatively correlated with patient age. Thus, SGUS and LSGB are consistent in the diagnosis of pSS to reflect the degree of salivary gland involvement, and patients who are SGUS positive have high RF and IgG levels, a variety of autoantibodies positive and a tendency toward salivary gland enlargement.
Disparities in the implantation of secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator in the United States
Authors: Maraey Ahmed , Yazdi Vahid , Chaaban Nourhan , Aglan Amro , Elzanaty Ahmed , Moustafa Abdelmoniem , Karim Saima , He Beixin Julie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe annual incidence of sudden cardiac death is over 300,000 in the United States (US). Historically, inpatient implantation of secondary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has been variable and subject to healthcare disparities.ObjectiveTo evaluate contemporary practice trends of inpatient secondary prevention ICD implants within the US on the basis of race, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES).MethodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2020 of adult discharges with a primary diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular flutter, and fibrillation (VF). Adjusted ICD implantation rates based on race, sex, and SES and associated temporal trends were calculated using multivariate regression.ResultsA total of 193,600 primary VT/VF discharges in the NIS were included in the cohort, of which 57,895 (29.9%) had ICD placement. There was a significant racial and ethnic disparity in ICD placement for Black, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American patients as compared to White patients; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.86 [p < .01], 0.90 [p = .03], 0.81[p < .01], 0.45 [p < .01], respectively. Female patients were also less likely to receive an ICD compared to male patients (aOR: 0.75, p < .01). Disparities in ICD placement remained stable over the study period (ptrend ≥ .05 in all races, both sexes and income categories).ConclusionRacial, sex, and SES disparities persisted for secondary prevention ICD implants in the US. An investigation into contributing factors and subsequent approaches are needed to address the modifiable causes of disparities in ICD implantation as these trends have not improved compared to historic data.
A case of restrictive dermopathy in a Hutterite newborn: Diagnosis and creative skin‐directed management
Authors: Grist Jesse , Green Rebecca , Lodha Abhay , Hunter Charlene , Lach Katherine , Phung Thuy , Perrier Renee , Ramien Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRestrictive dermopathy is a lethal autosomal recessive disease characterized by tightly adherent skin, distinctive facial dysmorphisms, arthrogryposis, and pulmonary hypoplasia. While clinical findings are unique, histopathology and genetic analysis are critical for early diagnostic confirmation and to initiate appropriate management for this lethal disease. We report on a preterm Hutterite male neonate with biallelic ZMPSTE24 mutations to highlight the clinical and histopathological features of restrictive dermopathy and share our skin‐directed management strategies.
Political censorship feels acceptable when ideas seem harmful and false
Authors: Kubin Emily , von Sikorski Christian , Gray Kurt 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeople seem willing to censor disagreeable political and moral ideas. Five studies explore why people engage in political censorship and test a potential route to decreasing censorship. While Americans report being generally supportive of free speech and against censorship (Study 1), we find that people censor material that seems harmful and false (Study 2), which are often ideas from political opponents (Study 3). Building on work demonstrating the perceived truth of harmful experiences (i.e., experiences of victimization), we test an experience‐sharing intervention to reduce censorship. Among college students, the intervention indirectly decreased students' willingness to censor controversial campus speakers' ideas, through reducing beliefs that these speakers were sharing harmful and false ideas related to gun policy (Study 4). We also find benefits of sharing harmful experiences related to the abortion debate. Americans were less willing to censor and report the social media posts of opponents who base their views on experiences of victimization rather than scientific findings (Study 5).
How I treat: Coronavirus disease 2019 in leukemic patients and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Neofytos Dionysios , Khanna Nina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmong immunocompromised hosts, leukemia patients, and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients are particularly vulnerable, facing challenges in balancing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) management with their underlying conditions. In this How I Treat article, we discuss how we approach severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in daily clinical practice, considering the existing body of literature and for topics where the available data are not sufficient to provide adequate guidance, we provide our opinion based on our clinical expertise and experience. Diagnostic approaches include nasopharyngeal swabs for polymerase chain reaction testing and chest computed tomography scans for symptomatic patients at risk of disease progression. Preventive measures involve strict infection control protocols and prioritizing vaccination for both patients and their families. Decisions regarding chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation in leukemia patients with COVID‐19 require careful consideration of factors such as COVID‐19 severity and treatment urgency. Treatment protocols include early initiation of antiviral therapy, with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or remdesivir. For cases of prolonged viral shedding, distinguishing between viable and non‐viable viruses remains challenging but is crucial for determining contagiousness and guiding management decisions. Overall, individualized approaches considering immune status, clinical presentation, and viral kinetics are essential for effectively managing COVID‐19 in leukemia patients.