bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of some frequently used antibiotics in waste waters using solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometry detection
Authors: Opriş Ocsana , Soran Maria-Loredana , Coman Virginia , Copaciu Florina , Ristoiu Dumitru 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This study is focused on the determination of some important antibiotics from different classes in waste water samples using solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography with two detectors, diode array and mass spectrometer in positive ionisation mode. The investigated antibiotics include three penicillins (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G), two cephalosporins (ceftazidime, ceftriaxone), and two tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline). The studied antibiotics were extracted from waste water samples using hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced cartridges. The extraction of antibiotics from water matrices was tested at several pH values. The best recoveries were obtained at pH 3 and 7 respectively. Depending on the nature of antibiotic, the limits of detection and quantification were obtained in the range of 0.07–0.92 µg mL−1 and 0.21–2.77 µg mL−1 respectively. Influent and effluent waste water samples were collected from a Waste Water Treatment Plant from Romania in order to detect the studied antibiotics. The antibiotics detected in the influent waste water samples were ceftriaxone (334 µg L−1), tetracycline (146 µg L−1) and doxycycline (110 µg L−1). In effluent waste water samples no target antibiotics were detected.
Properties of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide gemini surfactant synthesized from the seed oil of Luffa cylindrical
Authors: Adewuyi Adewale , Göpfert Andrea , Wolff Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The production of surfactant from biological and renewable sources is important as this reduces environmental hazards since the products are highly biodegradable. Oil extracted from the seed of Luffa cylindrica using hexane in a soxhlet extractor was used in the synthesis of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide via a simple reaction mechanism. The progress of the reaction was monitored and confirmed by FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. The process used gave a yield of 88.46% of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide. The properties of this compound were compared with those of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) used as a known reference surfactant. Important properties of sodium phosphate-hydroxy ethanolamide such as foam stability, wetting power and surface tension turned out superior to those of the known reference surfactant (SDS).
Reflections on Writing The Disappeared
Authors: Lin(Kim Echlin) Ching Ai 
Published: May 2013

abstract Novelist Kim Echlin reflects on the process and conditions that led her to write The Disappeared, a novel as much about the Cambodian genocide as about love. She discusses the role of memory, empathy, and translation as they relate to her understanding of the other and her own otherness as well as the need to access the truth about the violence and loss that accompanies violent regimes.
Witnessing Cambodia’s Disappeared
Authors: Troeung Y-Dang 
Published: May 2013

abstractRepresenting the first two sustained literary treatments of the Cambodian genocide in Canadian literature, Kim Echlin’s The Disappeared and Madeleine Thien’s Dogs at the Perimeter employ the genre of fiction to contribute to the testimonial archive of the atrocities committed by Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge regime while simultaneously deconstructing the foreignness of this historical trauma in relation to Canada’s past. Mobilizing an aesthetics of entwined responsibility that claims Cambodia’s history as a part of Canada’s international history, the novels of Echlin and Thien prompt a consideration of the role of novels written by non-Cambodians in confronting issues of Western complicity in foreign human rights abuses and in mediating questions about alternative epistemologies of healing and trauma recovery in the aftermath of mass violence. This essay suggests that the failure of justice and accountability that has characterized Cambodia’s international human rights movement speaks to the urgency and importance of such acts of literary responsibility.
Troping the Foreign in P.K. Page’s ‘Questions and Images’
Authors: McGregor Hannah 
Published: May 2013

abstractThe years that poet P.K. Page spent in Brazil as wife of the Canadian ambassador are widely considered to be a transformative episode in her literary career, marking a dramatic shift in her aesthetics. Critical work on Brazil’s influence on Page tends, however, to deploy Brazil as a trope of the foreign, eliding her affiliation with the Canadian embassy. This construction of Brazil mirrors Page’s own narrativization of her time there, exemplified in her 1969 essay ‘Questions and Images,’ originally published in a special tenth anniversary issue of Canadian Literature but most frequently cited in its 1991 republication in The Glass Air: Poems Selected and New. This essay examines the different print contexts of ‘Questions and Images’ to call for a rereading of Page’s Brazilian work that is more attentive to the geopolitical realities of Canadian-Brazilian relations and the alignment of Page’s travels with a particular moment in Canadian cultural nationalism.
Settler Nationalism and the Foreign: The Representation of the Exogene in Ernest Thompson Seton’sTwo Little Savagesand Dionne Brand’sWhat We All Long For
Authors: Frew Lee 
Published: May 2013

abstractThe privilege afforded to anglophone whiteness in English Canada would seem to be at odds with the cliché that Canadian national identity is elusive. As a settler society, English Canada imagines itself relative to the others it defines within a complex process of indigenization. Critical attention has usually focused on the way the indigenous is represented to insist upon the seamless integration of settler cultures into their physical environments and to exonerate them from traumatic colonial histories. Viewing indigenization as a simultaneous abnegation of foreign traits, this essay investigates the signifying process as it relates to ‘exogeneity’, or foreign otherness, in English Canada. A comparative analysis of Ernest Thompson Seton’s Two Little Savages (1903) and Dionne Brand’s What We All Long For (2005) reveals the way in which consistent representations of the foreign – the ‘exogene’ and the ‘exogenous’ – remain integral to the articulation of national identity in English Canada.
‘Putting the strange in the stranger’
Authors: Helm Michael , Kamboureli Smaro , McGregor Hannah 
Published: May 2013

abstract Michael Helm’s most recent novel, Cities of Refuge (2010), takes as its starting point an act of violence that reverberates through, and intertwines, the lives of a group of disparate people living in Toronto. Raising questions about contemporary regimes of racialization, art’s capacity to respond to violence, and the ethical ambiguity of fiction’s attempts to account for historical and political atrocities, the novel constitutes a challenge to familiar notions of family, justice, and truth. In this interview, Helm addresses the ‘resistance’ of nontransparent language and the power of literature to lift readers out of the ‘white noise’ of culture.
Foreign Encounters: The Political and Visual Aesthetics of Humanitarianism in Contemporary Canadian Film Culture
Authors: Härting Heike 
Published: May 2013

abstractThis essay examines the visual politics of Patrick Reed’s documentary Triage: Dr. James Orbinski’s Humanitarian Dilemma (2008) and Larysa Kondracki’s feature film The Whistleblower (2010). Both of these films investigate the relationship between aesthetics and politics, the encounter with the other, and what Jacques Rancière calls ‘the distribution of the sensible.’ In contrast to Rancière, this essay explores how the redistribution of the sensible operates through the highly racialized, gendered, and spectacular technologies of humanitarian film productions. It examines what it means to encounter the other not as a human being but as a visual image, and explores the relationship between the economics of the image (the abject as coded in the trafficked foreign female body) and the consumers and agents of visual abjection in the context of humanitarian interventionism. It rereads Rancière’s notion of dissensus in gendered terms, and thus seeks to unsettle given modes of the humanitarian spectacle.
Attenuation of neurological injury with early baicalein treatment following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
Authors: Kuo Chang-Po , Wen Li-Li , Chen Chun-Mei , Huh Billy , Cherng Chen-Hwan , Wong Chih-Shung , Liaw Wen-Jinn , Yeh Chun-Chang , Lin Bo-Feng , Wu Ching-Tang 
Published: May 2013

ObjectBaicalein has been shown to offer neuroprotection in the ischemic brain, but its effect in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unknown. The authors used a double-hemorrhage model to study the role of early baicalein treatment in SAH.MethodsSubarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in male Wistar rats through a repeat injection of autologous blood at a 48-hour interval. Rats subjected or not subjected to SAH received a 30-mg/kg baicalein injection 3 hours after SAH and daily for 6 consecutive days, and results were compared with those obtained in vehicle-treated control rats. Mortality of the rats was recorded. Neurological outcome was assessed daily. Cerebrospinal fluid dialysates were collected and examined for glutamate concentrations. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS), brain water content, neuron variability, expression of glutamate transporter–1 (GLT-1), immunoreactivity of astrocyte, and level of malondialdehyde, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in brain tissues content were determined on post-SAH Day 7.ResultsMortality rate, neuronal degeneration, brain water content, and CVS were decreased and neurological function improved in the baicalein-treated rats. Baicalein increased astrocyte activity and preserved GLT-1, which attenuated the glutamate surge after SAH. Baicalein also provided antioxidative stress by preserving activities of SOD and catalase and decreased malondialdehydelevel after SAH. The glutamate, body weight, neurological scores, and glial fibrillary acidic protein activity were significantly correlated. The CVS was correlated with neuronal degeneration, and GLT-1 was correlated with oxidative stress.ConclusionsEarly baicalein treatment attenuated CVS and limited neurological injury following SAH. These data may indicate clinical utility for baicalein as an adjunct therapy to reduce brain injury and improve patient outcomes.
Accuracy of deep brain stimulation electrode placement using intraoperative computed tomography without microelectrode recording
Authors: Burchiel Kim J. , McCartney Shirley , Lee Albert , Raslan Ahmed M. 
Published: May 2013

Object
In this prospective study the authors' objective was to evaluate the accuracy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode placement using image guidance for direct anatomical targeting with intraoperative CT.

Methods
Preoperative 3-T MR images were merged with intraoperative CT images for planning. Electrode targets were anatomical, based on the MR images. A skull-mounted NexFrame system was used for electrode placement, and all procedures were performed under general anesthesia. After electrode placement, intraoperative CT images were merged with trajectory planning images to calculate accuracy. Accuracy was assessed by both vector error and deviation off the planned trajectory.

Results
Sixty patients (33 with Parkinson disease, 26 with essential tremor, and 1 with dystonia) underwent the procedure. Patient's mean age was 64 ± 9.5 years. Over an 18-month period, 119 electrodes were placed (all bilateral, except one). Electrode implant locations were the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM), globus pallidus internus (GPI), and subthalamic nucleus (STN) in 25, 23, and 12 patients, respectively. Target accuracy measurements were as follows: mean vector error 1.59 ± 1.11 mm and mean deviation off trajectory 1.24 ± 0.87 mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the accuracy of left and right brain electrodes. There was a statistically significant (negative) correlation between the distance of the closest approach of the electrode trajectory to the ventricular wall of the lateral ventricle and vector error (r2 = −0.339, p < 0.05, n = 76), and the deviation from the planned trajectory (r2 = −0.325, p < 0.05, n = 77). Furthermore, when the distance from the electrode trajectory and the ventricular wall was < 4 mm, the correlation of the ventricular distance to the deviation from the planned trajectory was stronger (r2 = −0.419, p = 0.05, n = 19). Electrodes placed in the GPI were significantly more accurate than those placed in the VIM (p < 0.05). Only 1 of 119 electrodes required intraoperative replacement due to a vector error > 3 mm. In this series there was one infection and no intraparenchymal hemorrhages.

Conclusions
Placement of DBS electrodes using an intraoperative CT scanner and the NexFrame achieves an accuracy that is at least comparable to other methods.
Le Contre Colotès de Plutarque et son prologue
Authors: Morel Pierre-Marie , Verde Francesco 
Published: May 2013

Une vue d’ensemble du traité de Plutarque et l’analyse de son prologue permettent de discerner les principaux thèmes et les grands choix stratégiques qui vont structurer l’ensemble du traité : l’inculture de Colotès, l’incohérence des épicuriens, la posture de juge impartial et lucide que se donne Plutarque, l’immoralité du mode de vie épicurien. Le prologue apparaît ainsi comme un texte en lui-même solidement structuré et soigneusement pensé.
The lives and opinions of Socrates and Stilpo as defended by Plutarch against the insidious yet ignorant attacks of Colotes
Authors: Opsomer Jan 
Published: May 2013

Dans les chapitres 17 à 23 de
l’Adversus Colotem,
Plutarque défend Socrate et Stilpon contre les critiques de Colotès.
J’examine l’insertion de cette section dans le contexte plus large de
l’œuvre, les liens entre la section sur Socrate et Stilpon, les
critiques de Colotès et les contre-arguments ainsi que les stratégies
polémiques de Plutarque. Ce faisant, je tente de démêler les
différentes couches de ce texte complexe. Socrate est présenté comme
un imposteur et un sceptique par Colotès. Plutarque affirme que la
philosophie de Socrate implique certes une méfiance radicale à l’égard
des sens, mais que cela n’empêche ni Socrate ni ses disciples de vivre
leur vie quotidienne. La philosophie socratique doit être préférée de
très loin à l’épicurisme. Stilpon, un mégarique, appartient également
à la tradition socratique. Plutarque apporte son soutien à la bonne
réputation morale de ce philosophe à l’esprit vif contre le mauvais
traitement que Colotès lui avait infligé. Ce dernier avait aussi
attaqué le rejet par Stilpon de toute prédication, à l’exception de la
prédication d’identité. Plutarque affirme que l’argument de Stilpon
est un pur exercice dialectique et ne menace aucunement nos vies
quotidiennes. Plutarque lance en outre une contre-attaque contre la
philosophie épicurienne du langage, et plus particulièrement la
suppression du niveau intermédiaire – celui des significations. Le
fameux argument de Stilpon, tel qu’il est présenté par Plutarque,
revient à nier la relation ontologique à laquelle correspond la
prédication ordinaire. La conclusion de Plutarque – selon laquelle
Stilpon nous invite simplement à abandonner l’usage du verbe « être »
comme copule – ne convient pas à l’argument tel qu’il le présente. La
meilleure explication de ce décalage est l’hypothèse que Plutarque a
copié l’argument de manière assez fidèle sans l’analyser dans le
détail. Cela expliquerait également le fait que l’argument ne fasse
aucun usage de la théorie platonicienne de la prédication dans le Sophiste.
La moisson des Argonautiques et la poétique d’Apollonios dans le chant III
Authors: Létoublon Françoise 
Published: May 2013

Un’analisi comparativa dei
paragoni presenti nel canto III delle Argonautiche e di quelli omerici
mostra che Apollonio s’ispira fortemente ai suoi modelli, in modo
particolare nella forma ed nel lessico. Eppure, nella maggior parte
dei casi, egli porta i confronti omerici lontano dal loro contesto
d’origine per adattarli ai suoi intenti. Nella prima parte del canto
III, i similitudini rispondono alla volontà comune di evidenziare le
pene che l’amore suscita nell’animo e nel comportamento di Medea.
Nella seconda parte, le prove che Giasone deve superare danno luogo,
in modo sorprendente, ad immagini guerriere funzionali alla
descrizione dei preparativi, ma in seguito Apollonio ricorre ad un
lessico artigianale ed agricolo per evocare dei compiti che consistono
effettivamente nell’aggiogare e tirare una coppia di tori, in
un’aratura, in una semina ed in una mietitura. L’aspetto più notevole
è che molti paragoni riuniti verso la fine del canto non sembrano
trovare un corrispondente in alcun modello omerico, come se il
racconto di questa prova inedita avesse progressivamente liberato
Apollonio dalla sua dipendenza da Omero.
Evidence for Added Value of Baseline Testing in Computer-Based Cognitive Assessment
Authors: Roebuck-Spencer Tresa M. , Vincent Andrea S. , Schlegel Robert E. , Gilliland Kirby 
Published: May 2013

Context:
Large-scale baseline cognitive assessment for individuals at risk for concussion is a common part of the protocol for concussion-surveillance programs, particularly in sports. Baseline cognitive testing is also being conducted in US military service members before deployment. Recently, the incremental validity of large-scale baseline cognitive assessment has been questioned.

Objective:
To examine the added value of baseline cognitive testing in computer-based neuropsychological assessment by comparing 2 methods of classifying atypical performance in a presumed healthy sample.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Military base.

Patients or Other Participants:
Military service members who took the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Matrix (ANAM) before and after deployment (n = 8002).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Rates of atypical performance in this healthy, active-duty sample were determined first by comparing postdeployment scores with a military normative database and then with each individual's personal baseline performance using a reliable change index.

Results:
Overall rates of atypical performance were comparable across these 2 methods. However, these methods were highly discordant in terms of which individuals were classified as atypical. When norm-referenced methods were used, 2.6% of individuals classified as normal actually demonstrated declines from baseline. Further, 65.7% of individuals classified as atypical using norm-referenced scores showed no change from baseline (ie, potential false-positive findings).

Conclusions:
Knowing an individual's baseline performance is important for minimizing potential false-positive errors and reducing the risks and stresses of misdiagnosis.
Epilepsy in tropics: Indian perspective
Authors: Joshua Shejoy P , Mahapatra Ashok Kumar 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting 0.5‑1% of the population in India. The causes and treatment protocols vary widely. A proper understanding of the causes and treatment strategies is essential for managing this patient group. This article analyzes the common causes of epilepsy in India and provides a brief summary on the available treatment strategies.
Xanthogranulomatous colloid cyst of the third ventricle
Authors: Alugolu Rajesh , Krishna Chandrasekhar Yandrapati Bala Venkata , Shukla Dinesh , Sahu Barada Prasad , Srinivas Bheemanathi Hanuman 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTColloid cyst in the third ventricle is a common entity, whereas a variant of it, namely xanthogranulomatous, is quite rare. The closest imaging differential diagnosis is a purely third ventricular craniopharyngioma. We herein describe a case of xanthogranulomatous colloid cyst presenting with hydrocephalus.
Testicular adrenal rest "tumor" or Leydig cell tumor? A report of a challenging case with literature review
Authors: Ali Hiba Hassan , Samkari Alaa , Arabi Haitham 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCongenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to group of inherited diseases resulting from impaired adrenal steroidogenesis, and its most common cause is 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are an important complication of CAH, which probably develop from ectopic remnants of intra-testicular adrenal tissue stimulated by Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hypersecretion. These lesions are typically located within the rete testis and are bilateral, synchronous, nodular and multiple. TART usually, but not always, responses to suppressive medical therapy. TART leads to testicular structural damage, spermatogenesis disorders, infertility and most importantly, mass-forming lesions that could be mistaken for Leydig cell tumor (LCT). The later has a significantly different behavior with up to 10% of being malignant. Nowadays, due to advances in diagnosing and treating CAH, mass-forming TART is rarely encountered. As a result, there is the paucity in the medical literature regarding its features from pathological perspective. We herein present a case of mass-forming TART and we discuss the clinical, radiological, and morphological features as well as the major differential diagnosis of this rare lesion.
Kristeva’s Sadomasochistic Subject and the Sublimation of Violence
Authors: Oliver Kelly 
Published: May 2013

Do representations of violence incite or quell violent desires and actions? This question--the question of the relation between mimesis and catharsis--is as old as Western Philosophy itself. In this essay, I attempt to think through how Kristeva might describe the difference between representations of violence that perpetuate violent desires and actions versus representations of violence that sublimate violent desires and thereby prevent violent actions.
Music, Affect, Method, Data: Reflections on the Carroll Versus Kivy Debate
Authors: Konečni Vladimir J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe comprehensive exchange between Noël Carroll and Peter Kivy, which took place in 2007, addressed key issues in the relationship between music and affect. More than in any prior philosophical debate on this topic, experimental psychologists’ methods and data played a significant role. However, to a nontrivial extent, the findings-perhaps especially the dubious-were misconstrued or misused, usually without acknowledging the existence of contrary data-based opinion within the psychology of music itself. Therefore, one objective of the present article is to identify the specific problematic features and shed light on the broader context shared by the two disciplines. A complementary goal is to examine contributions to philosophers’ transgressions by music psychologists’ insufficiently conscientious reporting, frequent overgeneralizations, and unawareness of philosophers’ critical arguments. Another objective is to examine the current status of key concepts-the relevant music, basic emotions, mood, expression, induction, movement and dance, and methods (including introspection and experimental procedures)- thus perhaps enabling the discussion of music and affect to proceed with fewer misunderstandings. Finally, the article moves beyond the initial debate and builds on a remarkable agreement of philosophical and psychological opinion on a key issue (the induction of non-basic emotions by absolute music) to reach a new conceptual ground.