bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure mechanisms of the thyristor switch in pulsed arc electrohydraulic discharges
Authors: Yu Yingbo , Kang Zhongjian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In order to study the failure mechanism of the thyristor switch in the application of electric pulse fracturing, an underwater pulse power discharge experimental platform was built, the impedance characteristics of the plasma channel were analyzed and the circuit equivalence was carried out for each discharge stage. Then, based on the Silvaco simulation software, a theoretical thyristor model was established. By observing the distribution of the internal carriers and current density, the turn-on and turn-off processes of the thyristor switch under high voltage were analyzed. The formation factors of peak voltage in the turn-off process were studied, the easy breakdown position was pointed out, and a method to suppress the reverse peak voltage by creating critical damping oscillations in the discharge circuit was proposed. Finally, a pulsed power discharge experiment was carried out to verify the theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the discharge waveform conforms to the theoretical analysis, and the high voltage breakdown damage of the thyristor is also consistent with the theoretical simulation model. Furthermore, the proposed thyristor protection method can greatly suppress the reverse voltage spike, reduce the peak voltage by 52%, and effectively avoid the damage caused by withstand voltage breakdown in the application of pulse power discharge.
A simple method to prepare and characterize ZnO/V2O5 nanostructure thin films for photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic uses in visible light
Authors: Kadhim Marwah J , Mahdi M A , Hassan J J , Inaya Hana H , Awad Zahraa A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this research, we investigated the enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO nanorods by incorporating vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods were initially prepared by the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. Subsequently, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles, produced by laser ablation, were deposited onto the ZnO nanorods via drop casting. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images verified that ZnO grew in the morphology of nanorods and nanotubes, while V2O5 exhibited the structure of tree leaves and nanoparticles. The XRD technique was used to investigate the crystalline structure of the produced ZnO/ V2O5 nanostructure. The high band gap in ZnO limits the efficiency of photocatalysis under visible light. Building a core–shell structure with materials such as V2O5 can boost their performance in such conditions. The prepared samples appeared photodegradation rate of the MB dye reached 39% after 9 h of exposure to visible light. The photoelectrochemical cell measurement of the prepared ZnO/ V2O5 nanostructures demonstrated a positive response to light and achieved a relatively high photoconversion efficiency of 0.084% at 0.35 V, surpassing the results of earlier investigations. The M-S analysis revealed that the ZnO/ V2O5 nanostructure thin films exhibited n-type conductivity, characterized by a negative flat band potential VFB.
Verification of quantum networks using the GHZ paradox
Authors: Ye Huan , Yang Xue , Luo Ming-Xing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) paradox shows that it is possible to create a multipartite state involving three or more particles in which the measurement outcomes of the particles are correlated in a way that cannot be explained by classical physics. We extend it to witness quantum networks. We first extend the GHZ paradox to simultaneously verify the GHZ state and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen states on triangle networks. We then extend the GHZ paradox to witness the entanglement of chain networks consisting of multiple GHZ states. All the present results are robust against the noise.
Davidson base as an appropriate base for the shell model in the case of 1p- and 1h-nuclei
Authors: Sobhani Hadi , Luo Yan-An , Jalili Amir , Hassanabadi Hassan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study endeavors to develop an improved set of basis functions for nuclear shell-model calculations. The shell model, a well-established approach to understanding nuclear structure, typically employs the harmonic oscillator potential within the mean-field approximation. Given the extensive validation and consistency of harmonic oscillator results with experimental data, we propose a modification by incorporating a centrifugal term that converges toward the Davidson potential. This potential has been extensively studied, and we aim to extract relevant experimental data for the simplest cases in the shell model, namely one-particle and one-hole nuclei. A comprehensive comparison between the Davidson-based results and the harmonic oscillator calculations is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new basis functions.
Half-metallic ferromagneticWeyl fermions related to dynamic correlations in the zinc-blende compound VAs
Authors: Ding 丁 Xianyong 献勇 , Wei 魏 Haoran 皓然 , Zhu 朱 Ruixiang 瑞翔 , Xiao 肖 Xiaoliang 晓亮 , Wu 吴 Xiaozhi 小志 , Wang 王 Rui 锐 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The realization of 100% polarized topological Weyl fermions in half-metallic ferromagnets is of particular importance for fundamental research and spintronic applications. Here, we theoretically investigate the electronic and topological properties of the zinc-blende compound VAs, which was deemed as a half-metallic ferromagnet related to dynamic correlations. Based on the combination of density functional theory and dynamical mean field theory, we uncover that the half-metallic ferromagnet VAs exhibits attractive Weyl semimetallic behaviors which are very close to the Fermi level in the DFT + U regime with effect U values ranging from 1.5 eV to 2.5 eV. Meanwhile, we also investigate the magnetization-dependent topological properties; the results show that the change of magnetization directions only slightly affects the positions of Weyl points, which is attributed to the weak spin–orbital coupling effects. The topological surface states of VAs projected on semi-infinite (001) and (111) surfaces are investigated. The Fermi arcs of all Weyl points are clearly visible on the projected Fermi surfaces. Our findings suggest that VAs is a fully spin-polarized Weyl semimetal with many-body correlated effects in the effective U values range from 1.5 eV to 2.5 eV.
Unsupervised heterogeneous domain adaptation for EEG classification
Authors: Wu Hanrui , Xie Qinmei , Yu Zhuliang , Zhang Jia , Liu Siwei , Long Jinyi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Domain adaptation has been recognized as a potent solution to the challenge of limited training data for electroencephalography (EEG) classification tasks. Existing studies primarily focus on homogeneous environments, however, the heterogeneous properties of EEG data arising from device diversity cannot be overlooked. This motivates the development of heterogeneous domain adaptation methods that can fully exploit the knowledge from an auxiliary heterogeneous domain for EEG classification. Approach. In this article, we propose a novel model named informative representation fusion (IRF) to tackle the problem of unsupervised heterogeneous domain adaptation in the context of EEG data. In IRF, we consider different perspectives of data, i.e. independent identically distributed (iid) and non-iid, to learn different representations. Specifically, from the non-iid perspective, IRF models high-order correlations among data by hypergraphs and develops hypergraph encoders to obtain data representations of each domain. From the non-iid perspective, by applying multi-layer perceptron networks to the source and target domain data, we achieve another type of representation for both domains. Subsequently, an attention mechanism is used to fuse these two types of representations to yield informative features. To learn transferable representations, the maximum mean discrepancy is utilized to align the distributions of the source and target domains based on the fused features. Main results. Experimental results on several real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Significance. This article handles an EEG classification situation where the source and target EEG data lie in different spaces, and what’s more, under an unsupervised learning setting. This situation is practical in the real world but barely studied in the literature. The proposed model achieves high classification accuracy, and this study is important for the commercial applications of EEG-based BCIs.
Exploring the physics of a high-performance H-mode scenario with small ELMs at low collisionality in JET with Be/W wall
Authors: de la Luna E. , Garcia J. , Sertoli M. , Lomas P. , Mazzi S. , Štancar Ž. , Dunne M. , Aiba N. , Silburn S. , Faitsch M. , Szepesi G. , Auriemma F. , Balboa I. , Frassinetti L. , Garzotti L. , Menmuir S. , Refy D. , Rimini F. , Solano E.R. , Sozzi C. , Vecsei M. ,   JET Contributors
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A new H-mode regime at low density and low edge safety factor (q
95 = 3.2, with

I

p

= 3 MA) that combines high energy confinement, stationary conditions for density and radiation and small Edge Localized Modes (ELMs) have been found in JET with Be/W wall. Such a regime is achieved by operating without external gas puffing, leading to a decrease in the edge density and a substantial increase in rotation and ion temperature in both the pedestal and the core region. Transport modelling shows a reduction of the turbulence, which starts in the pedestal region and extends into the plasma core, and outward impurity convection, consistent with the improved energy confinement and the lack of W accumulation observed in those conditions. In addition, large type I ELMs, typically found in gas-fuelled plasmas, are replaced by smaller and more frequent ELMs, whose appearance is correlated with a substantial reduction of the pedestal density and its gradient. Pedestals in this operating regime are stable to peeling–ballooning modes, consistent with the lack of large ELMs. This is in contrast to results in unfuelled JET-C plasmas that typically operated at higher pedestal densities and developed low frequency, large type I ELMs, thus pointing to the low density as one of the critical parameters for accessing this small ELMs regime in JET. This small ELMs regime exhibits the same low pedestal collisionality (

ν

e

,

ped

∗

∼
0.1

) expected in ITER and operates at low q
95, thus making it different from other small ELMs regimes that are typically obtained at higher q
95 and higher pedestal collisionality. These features make this newly developed H-mode regime in JET with Be/W wall a valuable tool for exploring the underlying transport, the different mechanisms of turbulence stabilization, as well as the physics associated with the appearance of small ELMs in high-temperature plasmas at ITER relevant pedestal collisionality.
From 3D to 5D tracking: SMX ASIC-based double-sided micro-strip detectors for comprehensive space, time, and energy measurements
Authors: Teklishyn M. , Rodríguez Rodríguez A. , Agarwal K. , Bajdel M. , Collazo Sánchez L.M. , Frankenfeld U. , Heuser J.M. , Lehnert J. , Mehta S. , Rodríguez Garcés D. , Ramírez Zaldívar D.A. , Schmidt C.J. , Schmidt H.R. , Toia A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present the recent development of a lightweight detector capable of accurate spatial, timing, and amplitude resolution of charged particles. The technology is based on double-sided double-metal p+ – n – n+ micro-strip silicon sensors, ultra-light long aluminum-polyimide micro-cables for the analogue signal transfer, and a custom-developed SMX read-out ASIC capable of measurement of the time (Δt ≲ 5 ns) and amplitude. Dense detector integration enables a material budget > 0.3 % X
0. A sophisticated powering and grounding scheme keeps the noise under control.

In addition to its primary application in Silicon Tracking System of the future CBM experiment in Darmstadt, our detector will be utilized in other research applications.
Proton Beam APerture MoniTor instrument design and overview for the Commissioning and Operation of ESS High Power Beam on Target
Authors: Donegani E.M. , Kočevar H. , Olsson A. , Paulo-Martin J. , Takibayev A. , Thomas C.A. , Meigo Shin-ichiro , Ooi Motoki , Niu Haihua , Xie HongMing , Zhang Bin , Johansson Anders , Törmänen Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a detector developed to protect the ESS
spallation target. The detector is installed to receive a proton
beam that has a peak current of
62.5 mA, an average power of
5 MW, and energy up to
2 GeV. It is designed to detect any
part of the proton beam that goes outside a defined aperture, which
is deemed as an errant beam condition. This detector is mainly used
for machine protection. The detector works based on two physical
processes. The first process is the generation of current in
metallic blades, which is proportional to the intercepting beam. The
second process is heat load from the beam energy deposition in
interacting thermocouples. The combination of these two signals
allows the detection of events ranging from microseconds to several
minutes. This paper also presents the design of the instrument, its
efficiency, and its range of operation.
The downward spiral entangling soil sealing and hydrogeological disasters
Authors: Gatto Alessio , Martellozzo Federico , Clo’ Stefano , Ciulla Lorenzo , Segoni Samuele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The frequency of occurrence of hydrogeological disasters (HGDs), as well as the persistence of their impacts, are not evenly distributed. Hazardous areas, by definition, are more prone to extreme events, while in densely urbanized regions, the impacts of these events tend to be more severe. The objective of this study is to investigate statistical relationships between urban and natural environment features and HGD occurrences. Taking Italian provinces as a comprehensive case study, we assessed the coefficient of determination, the χ
2 test, and the p-value to determine the degree of statistical correlation between impact indicators and 57 hazard/risk/land management indicators, such as extension of at-risk areas or soil sealing. We discovered that HGDs persistence and frequency correlate best with an indicator describing the amount of soil sealing (i.e. urbanized soil) in medium-hazard areas. Building on that, a further dynamic analysis was carried out to investigate whether soil sealing trends changed significantly after the provinces were struck by HGDs. Our findings hold significant implications, challenging current policy norms. European directives and Italian national laws impose strict development restrictions in ‘high-hazard’ areas, but generally allow for urbanization in ‘medium-hazard’ areas, with only minor limitations. Moreover, a paradoxical positive urbanization trend is observed in the most sensitive areas, greater than in safer areas and generally unchanged after HGDs. This outcome highlights a critical gap in risk perception that reflects into territorial planning, decision-making processes, and existing policies.
Towards a fair, reliable, and practical verification framework for Blue Carbon-based CDR
Authors: Dam Bryce Van , Helfer Véronique , Kaiser David , Sinemus Eva , Staneva Joanna , Zimmer Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While the (re-)establishment of Blue Carbon Ecosystems (BCE) is seen as an important tool to mitigate climate change, the credibility of such nature-based solutions has been marred by recent revelations ranging from weak accounting to malpractice. In light of this, there is a clear need to develop monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) systems towards the reliable, practical, and accurate accounting of additional and durable carbon dioxide removal (CDR). We propose the development of a Blue Carbon Ecosystem Digital Twin (BCE-DT) as a practical solution, integrating real-time data and models into What-If Scenarios of CDR aimed at the quantification of CDR additionality and durability. Critically, such a solution would be amenable to projects across a broad range in spatial scale and ecosytem type. In parallel, we propose the creation of an independent and not-for-profit Standards Development Organization (SDO) for the management of this Digital Twin and oversight of the certification process based on MRV. Considering the interwoven nature of the scientific and policy/legal needs we raise, an improved dialogue and collaboration between the scientific and policy communities is clearly needed. We argue that this BCE-DT, along with its oversight and implementation by a SDO, would fit this niche and support the fair and accurate implementation of MRV critically needed for BCE-based CDR to proceed.
Impact of diffuse radiation on the coupling of carbon and water fluxes in the grassland of northeastern China
Authors: Huang Jingchao , Yue Xu , Wang Bin , Lu Xiaofei , Dong Gang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Solar radiation is a key driver of ecosystem carbon and water fluxes. However, the impacts of radiation quantity and quality on the carbon-water coupling are not well distinguished. In this study, we used simultaneous flux and radiation measurements at two grassland sites in northeastern China to explore the joint impacts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and diffuse fraction (K
d) on carbon and water fluxes and their coupling relationships. Under the low to medium PAR levels (<280 W m−2), gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) increased continuously with K
d but the sensitivity of GPP (8.4%–8.8% per 0.1 increase in K
d) was significantly higher than that of ET (2.2%–5.0% per 0.1 increase in K
d) at both sites. Under the high PAR levels (>280 W m−2), the GPP continued to grow at the southern site but showed limited responses to K
d at the northern site, likely due to the temperature constraint in the latter. Meanwhile, the contribution of evaporation to ET increased under the high radiation conditions, resulting in a decreased ET due to the reduced direct radiation following K
d increment at both sites. Consequently, water use efficiency (WUE) increased with K
d for all radiation levels but showed low sensitivity to PAR changes due to the synchronized GPP and ET responses to PAR. This study unraveled the positive dependence of ecosystem WUE on the increased K
d though with varied sensitivities of GPP and ET under different PAR levels, highlighting the strong impacts of diffuse radiation on ecosystem fluxes over the regions with aerosol pollution and cloud variations.
The duality between color and kinematics and its applications
Authors: Bern Zvi , Joseph Carrasco John , Chiodaroli Marco , Johansson Henrik , Roiban Radu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review describes the duality between color and kinematics and its applications, with the aim of gaining a deeper understanding of the perturbative structure of gauge and gravity theories. We emphasize, in particular, applications to loop-level calculations, the broad web of theories linked by the duality and the associated double-copy structure, and the issue of extending the duality and double copy beyond scattering amplitudes. The review is aimed at doctoral students and junior researchers both inside and outside the field of amplitudes and is accompanied by various exercises.
Effect of snack bar type on satiation and sensory acceptance in young adults
Authors: Listyarani H , Prayudani A P G , Prihandari R , Prangdimurti E , Astawan M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the reasons for the increasing prevalence of obesity and its accompanying diseases is an inappropriate diet. Snacks that are high in carbohydrates contribute to the emergence of obesity and diabetes mellitus among early adult consumers. Therefore, there is a need for healthier and safer snacks to be consumed. The snack bar is a ready-to-eat food that is convenient to consume. This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics, satiety level, blood glucose response, and sensory acceptance of soy flour and wheat flour-based snack bars. The protein and carbohydrate content of soybean-based snack bars was 14.38 and 54.1%, while the flour-based ones were 5.16 and 70.14%. Soy flour-based snack bars can be categorized as having higher protein levels and lower carbohydrates so that they are healthier for productive age consumers. The results of the sensory evaluation show that soy flour-based snack bars are superior in terms of aroma, taste, and texture compared to wheat flour-based ones. The results of the blood glucose response showed an increase that tended to be faster after consuming wheat flour-based snack bars than soybean-based ones. The satiety level test shows that the desire to eat again tends to be higher when consuming wheat flour-based snack bars than soybean-based ones.
Deep learning model for detection and classification of banana diseases based on leaf images
Authors: Nassor S , Mushthofa M , Priandana K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fungal diseases are among the main reasons for low productivity in banana farming. Early detection of fungal diseases is essential. One possible approach is using machine vision. Due to its high accuracy, deep learning is the most widely used algorithm in machine vision for many solutions. Its ability to model the data into multiple levels of abstraction makes it suitable for many agricultural solutions. However, deep learning requires a high computational resource, challenging many agricultural solutions implemented on low-computing devices. This study proposes lightweight deep-learning algorithms for detecting and classifying banana diseases based on leaf images. The study used a dataset of images representing three classes: black Sigatoka disease, fusarium wilt race 1 disease, and healthy tree. The algorithms used are mobileNetv2, mobileNetv3-small, shuffleNetv2, and squeezeNet. The results showed that squeezeNet outperforms all other models with 97.12% accuracy, 97.14% precision, 97.1% recall, and 97.12% f1-score. MobileNetv3-small results in the heaviest model, which is 14 MB, but it has the shortest training time of 2.465 minutes. MobileNetv2 results in the lightest model, 2.51 MB, while squeezeNet has the longest training time, 14.76 minutes. Overall, the lightweight deep learning algorithms performed well, and this method can be used for other banana diseases and abnormalities.
The Effect of Innovation Portable FADs on Purse Seine Operations in Tegal Regency Waters
Authors: Yusfiandayani R , Baskoro M S , Raihan M R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tegal is a regency in Central Java which has a sustainability fishery resources. There are abundant resource potential, one of which is Larangan waters. The fishing gear used for fishing activities are payang and purse seine. As time went on, various problems began to emerge, one of which was the catch which was erratic and decreasing catch. Technology for fishing which are easy to apply and of course can increase fishermen’s catches, namely portable FADs. The aim of this study was to compare composition, calculate productivity, and add up the income from catches with portable FADs and without portable FADs. Experimental fishing used in this research. The total fish caught in this study amounted to 11 species, namely barracuda, dorab wolf-herring, sin croaker, Indian mackerel, bigeye scad, fringescale sardinella, narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Indian anchovy, kawakawa, squid and shrimp, with a total weight of 18.231.2 kg in the catch. with portable FADs, and 16.743.9 kg in catches without portable FADs. The average productivity value for catching with portable FADs was 1.139,45 kg/trip, higher than the catch without FADs, which was 1.046,49 kg/trip. Fishermen’s income from selling catches with portable FADs is higher than selling catches without portable FADs.