bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental enrichment facilitates cocaine‐cue extinction, deters reacquisition of cocaine self‐administration and alters AMPAR GluA1 expression and phosphorylation
Authors: Gauthier Jamie M. , Lin Amy , Nic Dhonnchadha Bríd Á. , Spealman Roger D. , Man Heng‐Ye , Kantak Kathleen M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the combination of environmental enrichment (EE) with cocaine‐cue extinction training on reacquisition of cocaine self‐administration. Rats were trained under a second‐order schedule for which responses were maintained by cocaine injections and cocaine‐paired stimuli. During three weekly extinction sessions, saline was substituted for cocaine but cocaine‐paired stimuli were presented. Rats received 4‐h periods of EE at strategic time points during extinction training, or received NoEE. Additional control rats received EE or NoEE without extinction training. One week later, reacquisition of cocaine self‐administration was evaluated for 15 sessions, and then GluA1 expression, a cellular substrate for learning and memory, was measured in selected brain regions. EE provided both 24 h before and immediately after extinction training facilitated extinction learning and deterred reacquisition of cocaine self‐administration for up to 13 sessions. Each intervention by itself (EE alone or extinction alone) was ineffective, as was EE scheduled at individual time points (EE 4 h or 24 h before, or EE immediately or 6 h after, each extinction training session). Under these conditions, rats rapidly reacquired baseline rates of cocaine self‐administration. Cocaine self‐administration alone decreased total GluA1 and/or pSer845GluA1 expression in basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens. Extinction training, with or without EE, opposed these changes and also increased total GluA1 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsal hippocampus. EE alone increased pSer845GluA1 and EE combined with extinction training decreased pSer845GluA1 in ventromedial prefrontal cortex. EE might be a useful adjunct to extinction therapy by enabling neuroplasticity that deters relapse to cocaine self‐administration.
National estimates of Australian gambling prevalence: f indings from a dual‐frame omnibus survey
Authors: Dowling N. A. , Youssef G. J. , Jackson A. C. , Pennay D. W. , Francis K. L. , Pennay A. , Lubman D. I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground, aims and designThe increase in mobile telephone‐only households may be a source of bias for traditional landline gambling prevalence surveys. Aims were to: (1) identify Australian gambling participation and problem gambling prevalence using a dual‐frame (50% landline and 50% mobile telephone) computer‐assisted telephone interviewing methodology; (2) explore the predictors of sample frame and telephone status; and (3) explore the degree to which sample frame and telephone status moderate the relationships between respondent characteristics and problem gambling.Setting and participantsA total of 2000 adult respondents residing in Australia were interviewed from March to April 2013.MeasurementsParticipation in multiple gambling activities and Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI).FindingsEstimates were: gambling participation [63.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 61.4–66.3], problem gambling (0.4%, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8), moderate‐risk gambling (1.9%, 95% CI = 1.3–2.6) and low‐risk gambling (3.0%, 95% CI = 2.2–4.0). Relative to the landline frame, the mobile frame was more likely to gamble on horse/greyhound races [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4], casino table games (OR = 5.0), sporting events (OR = 2.2), private games (OR = 1.9) and the internet (OR = 6.5); less likely to gamble on lotteries (OR = 0.6); and more likely to gamble on five or more activities (OR = 2.4), display problem gambling (OR = 6.4) and endorse PGSI items (OR = 2.4‐6.1). Only casino table gambling (OR = 2.9) and internet gambling (OR = 3.5) independently predicted mobile frame membership. Telephone status (landline frame versus mobile dual users and mobile‐only users) displayed similar findings. Finally, sample frame and/or telephone status moderated the relationship between gender, relationship status, health and problem gambling (OR = 2.9–7.6).ConclusionGiven expected future increases in the mobile telephone‐only population, best practice in population gambling research should use dual frame sampling methodologies (at least 50% landline and 50% mobile telephone) for telephone interviewing.
Scale‐specific processes shape plant community patterns in subtropical coastal grasslands
Authors: da Silva Menezes Luciana , Müller Sandra Cristina , Overbeck Gerhard Ernst 
Published: September 2015

AbstractProcesses responsible for shaping community patterns act at specific spatial scales. In this study, we aimed at disentangling the effects of climate, soil and space as drivers of variation in a coastal grassland plant community. We were specifically interested in evaluating the relative influence of those processes at broad and fine spatial scales as well as when considering species groups with good and poor long‐distance dispersal capacity. We sampled grassland vegetation at 16 sites distributed along a latitudinal gradient of more than 500 km in subtropical southern Brazil and used variation partitioning procedures to ascertain the relative influence of climatic, edaphic and spatial processes on variation in species composition at different spatial scales, considering the entire community and subsets with only species from the Asteraceae family (good long‐distance dispersal) and Poaceae (poor long‐distance dispersal). Climatic filters were the most responsible for shaping grassland community composition at the broad scale, while edaphic filters showed higher importance at the fine scale. When not considering the influence of spatial scale, we observed higher influence of climate structured in space. Composition patterns of species with poor long‐distance dispersal (Poaceae) were more closely related to spatial variables than those of species with effective dispersal (Asteraceae). Our results stressed the importance of addressing different spatial scales to rightly ascertain the magnitude that different drivers exert on plant community assembly. Dividing the community into groups with different dispersal abilities proved useful for a more detailed understanding of the community assembly processes.
Vulnerability of Australian tropical savanna birds to climate change
Authors: Reside April E. , VanDerWal Jeremy , Garnett Stephen T. , Kutt Alex S. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAssessments of species vulnerability to climate change should increase the effectiveness of interventions in the current decline in biodiversity. Species vulnerability to climate change is a consequence of their sensitivity and adaptive capacity, in combination with their exposure to climate change. We apply a vulnerability assessment framework to 243 bird species inhabiting the tropical savannas of northern Australia. We build on previous vulnerability studies by including detailed data for variables relating to species sensitivity to change (relative abundance, clutch size, sensitivity to fire and distribution area), species adaptive capacity (movement behaviour and dietary breadth) and proportional changes predicted for their geographic range (i.e. exposure to climate change). These are integrated to provide a ranking of vulnerability. Our analysis found that birds of Australian tropical savannas cluster together with high sensitivity, with a few wide‐ranging increasing species with very low sensitivity. Australian tropical savanna birds have a range of adaptive capacities, and the impact of climate change on these species is predicted to be substantial. Two already endangered species are among the most vulnerable. Species largely restricted to Cape York Peninsula (a geographically distinct region) had the greatest overall vulnerability; these species were, in general, sensitive due to small distributions, sensitivity to fire frequency and had a lower capacity for dispersal. It will be important for the future of Australian tropical savanna birds to mitigate ecological threats and maintain extensive areas of suitable habitat to facilitate species dispersal.
Risk for girls can be adversely affected post‐term due to underestimation of gestational age by ultrasound in the second trimester
Authors: Björkman Katarina , Wesström Jan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionPost‐term pregnancies are associated with greater risks for mother and child. Accurate determination of gestational age is necessary for safe care. Female fetuses have been shown to be smaller than males at the time of second‐trimester ultrasound (US) examination, leading to underestimation of their age and, potentially, greater impacts of perinatal complications in post‐term girls than in post‐term boys. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sex ratio of post‐term births and differences in perinatal complications (stillbirth, low Apgar score, low birthweight, meconium aspiration and low umbilical artery pH) between post‐term boys and girls according to dating method [second‐trimester US and last menstrual period (LMP)].Material and methodsData from gestational week ≥39 to delivery of 13 338 singleton pregnancies between 13 February 2006 and 15 January 2014, were collected from the Obstetrix® (Siemens Healthcare) medical records system in Dalarna County, Sweden.ResultsThe neonatal male:female ratio increased with gestational age after week 40, as dated by US, reaching 1.69 in gestational week 42. This ratio remained 1 throughout gestation according to dating by the LMP. Post‐term pregnancy increased the risks of meconium aspiration and low Apgar score, with no sex difference observed.ConclusionsUS gestational dating indicated that more boys than girls were born post‐term, whereas dating according to LMP revealed no sex difference. These results support the hypothesis that female fetuses are smaller than males, leading to underestimation of their gestational age, at the time of second‐trimester US examination.
Renal and Adrenal Ultrasonography: a valuable diagnostic tool in the salt‐wasting infant
Authors: Reynolds Ben Christopher , Schenk Daniel , Kambalimath Manjunath , Jackson Michael , Cheetham Tim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe major differential diagnosis in ‘salt‐wasting’ infants (characterised by hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia) is that of an adrenal or renal disorder. Appropriate management relies on rapid diagnosis, but existing guidelines do not highlight the role of ultrasonography. We describe how ultrasound may lead to a more rapid diagnosis in disorders of sex development (DSD) and other potential ‘salt‐wasting’ infants.ConclusionUltrasonography as a diagnostic tool in infants with salt‐wasting or DSD needs to be more widely recognised.
Stable isotope‐labelled intravenous microdose for absolute bioavailability and effect of grapefruit juice on ibrutinib in healthy adults
Authors: de Vries Ronald , Smit Johan W. , Hellemans Peter , Jiao James , Murphy Joseph , Skee Donna , Snoeys Jan , Sukbuntherng Juthamas , Vliegen Maarten , de Zwart Loeckie , Mannaert Erik , de Jong Jan 
Published: September 2015

AimsIbrutinib, an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is used in the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Ibrutinib undergoes extensive rapid oxidative metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 3A both at the level of first pass and clearance, which might result in low oral bioavailability. The present study was designed to investigate the absolute bioavailability (F) of ibrutinib in the fasting and fed state and assess the effect of grapefruit juice (GFJ) on the systemic exposure of ibrutinib in order to determine the fraction escaping the gut (Fg) and the fraction escaping hepatic extraction (Fh) in the fed state.MethodsAll participants received treatment A [560 mg oral ibrutinib, under fasting conditions], B (560 mg PO ibrutinib, fed, administered after drinking glucose drink) and C (140 mg oral ibrutinib, fed, with intake of GFJ before dosing). A single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 100 μg 13C6‐ibrutinib was administered 2 h after each oral dose.ResultsThe estimated ‘F’ for treatments A, B and C was 3.9%, 8.4% and 15.9%, respectively. Fg and Fh in the fed state were 47.0% and 15.9%, respectively. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity (Grade 1–2) and resolved without sequelae by the end of the study.ConclusionThe absolute oral bioavailability of ibrutinib was low, ranging from 3.9% in the fasting state to 8.4% when administered 30 min before a standard breakfast without GFJ and 15.9% with GFJ. Ibrutinib was well tolerated following a single oral and i.v. dose, under both fasted and fed conditions and regardless of GFJ intake status.
Minocycline Attenuates Depressive‐Like Behaviour Induced by Rat Model of Testicular Torsion: Involvement of Nitric Oxide Pathway
Authors: Saravi Seyed Soheil Saeedi , Mousavi Seyyedeh Elaheh , Saravi Seyed Sobhan Saeedi , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTesticular torsion/detorsion (T/D) can induce depression in pre‐ and post‐pubertal patients. This study was conducted to investigate the psychological impact of testicular torsion and mechanism underlying its depressive‐like behaviour, as well as antidepressant‐like activity of minocycline and possible involvement of nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP pathway in this paradigm in male rats undergoing testicular T/D. Unilateral T/D was performed in 36 male adult Wistar rats, and different doses of minocycline were injected alone or combined with Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME), non‐specific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor; aminoguanidine (AG), specific inducible NOS inhibitor; l‐arginine, an NO precursor; and selective PDE5I, sildenafil. After assessment of locomotor activity in open‐field test, immobility times were recorded in the forced swimming test (FST). Moreover, 30 days after testicular T/D, testicular venous testosterone and serum nitrite concentrations were measured. A correlation was observed between either a decrease in plasma testosterone or an increase in serum nitrite concentrations with prolongation in immobility time in the testicular T/D‐operated rats FST. Minocycline (160 mg/kg) exerted the highest significant antidepressant‐like effect in the operated rats in the FST (p < 0.001). Furthermore, combination of subeffective doses of minocycline (80 mg/kg) and either l‐NAME (10 mg/kg) or AG (50 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant robust antidepressant‐like activity in T/D group (p < 0.01). Consequently, NO/cGMP pathway was involved in testicular T/D‐induced depressive‐like behaviour and antidepressant‐like activity of minocycline in the animal model. Moreover, a contribution was observed between either decreased testosterone or elevated serum nitrite levels and depressive‐like behaviour following testicular T/D.
Wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis
Authors: Scherf K. A. , Brockow K. , Biedermann T. , Koehler P. , Wieser H. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) is a rare, but potentially severe food allergy exclusively occurring when wheat ingestion is accompanied by augmenting cofactors. It is clinically characterized by anaphylactic reactions ranging from urticaria and angioedema to dyspnoea, hypotension, collapse, and shock. WDEIA usually develops after ingestion of wheat products followed by physical exercise. Other cofactors are acetylsalicylic acid and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, alcohol, and infections. The precise mechanisms of WDEIA remain unclear; exercise and other cofactors might increase gastrointestinal allergen permeability and osmolality, redistribute blood flow, or lower the threshold for IgE‐mediated mast cell degranulation. Among wheat proteins, ω5‐gliadin and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits have been reported to be the major allergens. In some patients, WDEIA has been discussed to be caused by epicutaneous sensitization with hydrolysed wheat gluten included in cosmetics. Diagnosis is made based on the patient's history in combination with allergy skin testing, determination of wheat‐specific IgE serum antibodies, basophil activation test, histamine release test, and/or exercise challenge test. Acute treatment includes application of adrenaline or antihistamines. The most reliable prophylaxis of WDEIA is a gluten‐free diet. In less severe cases, a strict limitation of wheat ingestion before exercise and avoidance of other cofactors may be sufficient.
Undetected residual cement on standard or individualized all‐ceramic abutments with cemented zirconia single crowns – a prospective randomized pilot trial
Authors: Kappel Stefanie , Eiffler Constantin , Lorenzo‐Bermejo Justo , Stober Thomas , Rammelsberg Peter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the frequency and amount of residual cement after attachment of monolithic zirconia crowns to standard and individualized ceramic abutments.Material and methodsTwenty patients (mean age 58.9 years at inclusion in the study; 30% male) were randomized to receive either a standard or an individualized abutment on a bone‐level implant. Monolithic zirconia single crowns were attached to abutments by use of permanent glass–ionomer cement. Crowns were fabricated with an occlusal hole to enable unscrewing of the abutment–crown complex. Immediately after cementation, superstructures were removed and both the peri‐implant soft tissue and the abutment–crown complex were photographed in a standardized manner, to detect residual cement. Photographs were analyzed using Corel Photo Paint X7, and residual cement‐to‐total abutment and residual cement‐to‐peri‐implant soft tissue area ratios were calculated.ResultsResidual cement was observed for 9 of 10 (90%) individualized abutments, compared with 4 of 10 (40%) standard abutments (OR = 13.5, P = 0.049). Twenty‐seven of 40 (68%) individualized abutment surfaces were affected, compared with 12 of 40 (30%) standard abutment surfaces. The probability of observing residual cement was approximately five times higher for the surfaces of individualized abutments than for those of standard abutments (P = 0.005). The mean amount of sulcus surface covered by cement was 1.17% (SD 2.85) for the individualized abutments and 3.78% (SD 7.40) for the standard abutments. The position of the margin significantly affected the amount of residual cement.ConclusionBoth individualized and standard all‐ceramic abutments result in small amounts of subgingival residual cement on abutment and sulcus surfaces. However, use of individualized abutments does not guarantee complete avoidance of undetected cement rests. Undetected residual cement might be avoided by use of all‐ceramic abutments with visible abutment shoulders.
Perineal body anatomy seen by three‐dimensional endovaginal ultrasound of asymptomatic nulliparae
Authors: Santoro G. A. , Shobeiri S. A. , Petros P. P. , Zapater P. , Wieczorek A. P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThe perineal body (PB) plays an important role in supporting the pelvic floor and the posterior vaginal wall, but its attachments and relationships are still debated. This study aimed to assess the normal anatomy of the PB using high‐resolution three‐dimensional endovaginal ultrasound (3D‐EVUS) in asymptomatic nulliparae.MethodTo validate the identification of perineal structures, 3D‐EVUS was initially performed on nulliparous cadavers. Fresh frozen pelves were prepared and echogenic structures thought to be the PB, the external anal sphincter, the superficial and deep transverse perineii, pubovaginalis, puboperinealis, puboanalis, puborectalis and iliococcygeus muscles were tagged with biopsy needles, and marked with indigo carmine dye for localization during dissection. In the second part of the study, consecutive asymptomatic nulliparae were prospectively imaged with the same ultrasound modality. Interrater reproducibility was assessed off‐line from stored 3D US volumes using a standardized technique.ResultsFive fresh frozen pelves and 44 asymptomatic nulliparae were assessed with 3D‐EVUS. The PB was seen as an ovoid structure of mixed echogenicity between the rectum and vagina. It appeared to be divided into a superficial level, in contact with the external anal sphincter, the bulbospongiousus and the superficial transverse perineii muscle and a deep level, in contact with puboperinealis and puboanalis muscles. Interobserver repeatability was excellent for the measurements of PB height [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.927], PB depth (ICC 0.969) and PB width (ICC 0.932).ConclusionThe PB is divided into two levels with different anatomical relationships with the pelvic floor muscles. 3D‐EVUS yields reproducible assessment of this complex structure.
Definitive seton management for transsphincteric fistula‐in‐ano: harm or charm?
Authors: Rosen D. R. , Kaiser A. M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThe treatment of transsphincteric anal fistula requires a balance between eradication of the disease and preservation of faecal control. A cutting seton is an old tool that is now out of vogue for many surgeons. We hypothesized that the concept remains reliable and safe with results that exceed those reported for many of the more recently described methods.MethodA retrospective review was conducted of real‐time electronic health records (single institution, single surgeon) of patients presenting during the 14 years between 2001 and 2014 with a transsphincteric anal fistula who were treated with a cutting seton. Excluded were patients with Crohn's disease, fistulae related to malignancy or a previous anastomosis and patients whose fistula was treated by another method including a loose draining seton. Data collection included demographics, duration of the disease, duration of the treatment, outcome and continence.ResultsIn all, 121 patients (80 men) of mean age 40.2 ± 12.2 years (range 18–76) with a mean follow‐up of 5.1 ± 3.3 (1–24) months were included in the analysis. The median duration of symptoms was 6 (1–84) months; 36% had failed other fistula surgery, 12% had a complex fistula with more than one track and 35% had some form of comorbidity. The median time to healing was 3 (1–18) months; 7.4% required further surgery, but eventually 98% had complete fistula healing. The incontinence rate decreased postoperatively to 11.6% from 19% before treatment with 17/121 with pre‐existing incontinence resolved and 8/107 new cases developing.ConclusionDespite its retrospective non‐comparative design, the study has demonstrated that a cutting seton is a safe, well tolerated and highly successful treatment for transsphincteric anal fistula and is followed overall by improved continence. The results compare very favourably with other techniques.