bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine learning‐based CT radiomics enhances bladder cancer staging predictions: A comparative study of clinical, radiomics, and combined models
Authors: Xiong Situ , Fu Zhehong , Deng Zhikang , Li Sheng , Zhan Xiangpeng , Zheng Fuchun , Yang Hailang , Liu Xiaoqiang , Xu Songhui , Liu Hao , Fan Bing , Dong Wentao , Song Yanping , Fu Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPredicting the accurate preoperative staging of bladder cancer (BLCA), which markedly affects treatment decisions and patient outcomes, using traditional clinical parameters is challenging. Nevertheless, emerging studies in radiomics, especially machine learning‐based computed tomography (CT) image‐based radiomics, hold promise in improving stage prediction accuracy in various tumors. However, the comparative performance and clinical utility of models for BLCA are under investigation.PurposeWe aimed to investigate the application value of machine learning‐based CT radiomics in preoperative staging prediction by comparing the performance of clinical, radiomics, and clinical–radiomics combined models.MethodsA retrospective cohort of 105 patients with initial BLCA was randomized into training (70%) and testing (30%) cohorts. Radiomics features were extracted from CT images using the optimal feature filter, followed by the application of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm for optimum feature selection. Furthermore, machine learning algorithms were used to establish a radiomics model within the training cohort. Independent risk factors for muscle‐invasive BLCA (MIBC) obtained by multivariate logistic regression (LR) analysis were separately used to construct a clinical model. For a clinical–radiomics fusion model, radiomics features were combined with clinical parameters. Performance was evaluated based on receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and standard performance metrics.ResultsPatients exhibited a significantly higher age (p = 0.029), larger tumor size (p = 0.01), and an increased neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR; p = 0.045) in the MIBC group than in the NMIBC group. LR analysis revealed age (p = 0.026), tumor size (p = 0.007), and NLR (p = 0.019) as significant predictors for constructing the clinical model. In the testing cohort, the radiomics model, which used an Support Vector Machine classifier, achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.857. The clinical–radiomics model outperformed the remaining two models, with AUC values of 0.958 and 0.893 in the training and testing cohorts, respectively. DeLong's test indicated significant differences between the three models. Calibration curves showed good agreement, and DCA confirmed the superior clinical utility of the clinical–radiomics model.ConclusionsMachine learning‐based CT radiomics combined with clinical parameters was a promising approach in staging BLCA accurately, which outperformed the individual models. Integrating radiomics features with clinical information holds the potential to improve personalized treatment planning and patient outcomes in BLCA.
Randomized low‐rank approximation of parameter‐dependent matrices
Authors: Kressner Daniel , Lam Hei Yin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work considers the low‐rank approximation of a matrix depending on a parameter in a compact set . Application areas that give rise to such problems include computational statistics and dynamical systems. Randomized algorithms are an increasingly popular approach for performing low‐rank approximation and they usually proceed by multiplying the matrix with random dimension reduction matrices (DRMs). Applying such algorithms directly to would involve different, independent DRMs for every , which is not only expensive but also leads to inherently non‐smooth approximations. In this work, we propose to use constant DRMs, that is, is multiplied with the same DRM for every . The resulting parameter‐dependent extensions of two popular randomized algorithms, the randomized singular value decomposition and the generalized Nyström method, are computationally attractive, especially when admits an affine linear decomposition with respect to . We perform a probabilistic analysis for both algorithms, deriving bounds on the expected value as well as failure probabilities for the approximation error when using Gaussian random DRMs. Both, the theoretical results and numerical experiments, show that the use of constant DRMs does not impair their effectiveness; our methods reliably return quasi‐best low‐rank approximations.
Experiences of healthcare providers and caregivers regarding health system bottlenecks affecting child healthcare service delivery in a rural district: Empirical qualitative study
Authors: Nyande Felix Kwasi , Ricks Esmeralda , Williams Margaret , Jardien‐Baboo Sihaam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the experiences of nurses and caregivers about the health system bottlenecks to the delivery of child healthcare services in a rural district in Ghana.DesignThe study employed a qualitative approach using an exploratory, descriptive design.MethodsCollection of data was through semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with 26 participants in the Nkwanta South Municipality, Ghana. Audio recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively. Inductive codes generated were organised into themes and sub‐themes.ResultsThe main health system bottlenecks that emerged were the poor state of in‐patient facilities, inadequate basic logistics and persistent shortage of essential medicines needed for child healthcare delivery.ConclusionsHealth system bottlenecks have the tendency to affect the treatment and hospitalisation outcomes of sick children and eventually impact the state of child healthcare negatively. Concerted efforts by government and local authorities to remove these barriers will help to improve child health and child health outcomes.Public ContributionA total of 26 participants comprising nurses and caregivers, agreed and participated in this study. Interviews with these participants were conducts either in the health facilities or in the communities where they live. Their responses contributed significantly to the content of this article.
Molecular beam scattering from flat jets of liquid dodecane and water
Authors: Yang Walt , Foreman Madison M. , Saric Steven , Wodtke Alec M. , Wilson Kevin R. , Neumark Daniel M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMolecular beam experiments in which gas molecules are scattered from liquids provide detailed, microscopic perspectives on the gas–liquid interface. Extending these methods to volatile liquids while maintaining the ability to measure product energy and angular distributions presents a significant challenge. The incorporation of flat liquid jets into molecular beam scattering experiments in our laboratory has allowed us to demonstrate their utility in uncovering dynamics in this complex chemical environment. Here, we summarize recent work on the evaporation and scattering of Ne, CD4, ND3, and D2O from a dodecane flat liquid jet and present first results on the evaporation and scattering of Ar from a cold salty water jet. In the evaporation experiments, Maxwell–Boltzmann flux distributions with a cosθ angular distribution are observed. Scattering experiments reveal both impulsive scattering (IS) and trapping followed by thermal desorption (TD). Super‐specular scattering is observed for all four species scattered from dodecane and is attributed to anisotropic momentum transfer to the liquid surface. In the IS channel, rotational excitation of the polyatomic scatterers is a significant energy sink, and these species accommodate more readily on the dodecane surface compared to Ne. Our preliminary results on cold salty water jets suggest that Ar atoms undergo some vapor‐phase collisions when evaporating from the liquid surface. Initial scattering experiments characterize the mechanisms of Ar interacting with an aqueous jet, allowing for comparison to dodecane systems.Key Points
Molecular beam scattering from flat liquid jets is a powerful technique to elucidate mechanistic detail at the gas–liquid interface.
Previous dodecane scattering experiments have uncovered angularly‐resolved thermal desorption fractions and energy transfer at the interface for several small molecule scatterers.
Preliminary results on scattering from cold salty water reveal mechanisms of interaction between argon and an aqueous jet.
Synergistic effect of multifunctional POSS and carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties and thermal stability of silicone rubber composites
Authors: Peng Junjie , Wang Ge , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe over‐loading of heat‐resistant fillers in silicone rubber creates a contradiction between heat resistance and mechanical properties, thus greatly limiting the durability of silicone rubber products in cutting‐edge applications and complex scenarios. To address this issue, silicone rubber was filled with octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) and crosslinked with 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butylperoxy)hexane (DBPMH) in an attempt to obtain composites with excellent mechanical properties and great thermal stability. Optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed the size of POSS crystals decreased and the characteristic peaks disappeared after the peroxide crosslinked the polymer at elevated temperature. Specifically, silicone rubber composite filled with 0.1 phr POSS and 1.0 phr CNT exhibited a tensile strength of 10.2 MPa and elongation at a break of 450%. Further, the strength and elongation could be kept after thermo‐oxidative aging at 250°C for 32 h. Thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrate that the addition of POSS and CNT into silicone rubber exhibits a synergistic effect, markedly improving the thermal stability of the material. This method provides a valuable reference for manufacturing silicone rubber products that possess both excellent mechanical properties and high thermal stability under extreme working conditions.Highlights
A novel silicone rubber composite with excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability was prepared.
A small amount of octavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and carbon nanotubes exhibited a synergistic effect to improve thermal stability.
The dependence of the morphological evolution of POSS crystals in SR on the 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butylperoxy)hexane and temperature was studied.
Once or consecutive administration of inhaled salbutamol in children with acute asthma exacerbation: Is an additional dose beneficial?
Authors: Özdemir Ali , Ersoy Murat , Aydoğdu Ayşe Kirmizitaş 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough international guidelines generally recommend the back to back use of short‐acting β‐agonists (SABA) within a short time in the management of acute wheezing in children with asthma, there is still uncertainty in the evidence of short term outcome. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of back to back and single use of inhaled SABA by lung function testing.MethodsThis was a prospective, double‐blinded, placebo controlled study conducted in children ≥6 years of age with a history of asthma. Children who presented with an acute asthma exacerbation (AAE) with a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) between 40% to 60% were enrolled in the study if they had a first dose to SABA response of FEV1 ≥ 12%. All children were then randomly assigned either to receive two additional doses of inhaled SABA (300 µg per dose) or placebo. Spirometric analysis included forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF, and FEF25−75 at baseline, 15, 30, and 45 min for each group. Oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored during the study period.ResultsA total of 93 patients (inhaled SABA group; n = 48 vs. placebo group; n = 45) out of 110 enrolled patients completed the study. Baseline demographic characteristics of patients include age, gender, age of diagnosis, parental asthma, history of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, current asthma treatment, IgE and skin prick test were similar among groups. (p > .05) When lung function parameters were compared at each time interval during the study period, there were no statistical significance found in FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (FEF25−75) among groups. (p > .05) There were also no differences between groups for changes in heart rate and oxygen saturation. (p > .05)ConclusionA single dose of inhaled SABA provides similar short term bronchodilator effect as back to back administration of inhaled SABA in children with AAE who showed an initial response to SABA of FEV1 ≥ 12%.
A novel therapy for spontaneous previable amniotic fluid leak by using intra‐amniotic platelet rich fibrin and plasma: A case report
Authors: Rajashekar Sowmya H. , S. J. Seema , H. K. Swathi , Mishra Prabhu C. , Somaiya Praveen N. , Rao Yogitha M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPreviable premature rupture of membrane (PV‐PROM) is a complex clinical situation posing considerable risks to the foetus. There is an extreme paucity of management options and clear guidelines in the literature for this dismal situation. This is the first report on usage of a novel combination of cellular therapeutic agents in a case of PROM. This study reports the earliest gestational age at which a case of spontaneous PV‐PROM (sPV‐PROM) has been successfully dealt by active management and, the longest period of continuation of pregnancy in a singleton sPV‐PROM for a total of 149 days.ObjectiveTo study the benefit of Intraamniotic Injection of PRF and PRP (IFPRP) in an index case of PV‐PROM.DesignThis is a case report of a 26‐year‐old woman with a recurrent, sPV‐PROM at 14 weeks 2 days with a previous pregnancy loss due to PV‐PROM at 18 weeks managed in a private reproductive health hospital in Mysore, India.MethodsOur subject underwent an elective cervical stitch at 14 weeks. She had confirmed, repeated episodes of leak after 30 h of the procedure. Apart from aggressive management to control infection with vaginal asepsis, an Intraamniotic injection of 9 mL of autologous PRF and 4.5 mL of PRP was done under ultrasound guidance. The pregnancy was monitored closely for signs of infection and foetal wellbeing.ResultsThe amniotic fluid leak stopped immediately after IFPRP for 36 h. After two more bouts of small leak, it stopped completely. She delivered a healthy baby of 3.4 kg at 35 weeks 4 days. The mother and baby did well postnatally.ConclusionOur protocol for fixing the leak is simple, easy to use, and can be done in resource‐poor settings which we consider is a big advantage. Further studies are needed to explore its potential in treating PROM.
Recent Innovations and Technical Advances in High‐Throughput Parallel Single‐Cell Whole‐Genome Sequencing Methods
Authors: Qiao Yi , Cheng Tianguang , Miao Zikun , Cui Yue , Tu Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSingle‐cell whole‐genome sequencing (scWGS) detects cell heterogeneity at the aspect of genomic variations, which are inheritable and play an important role in life processes such as aging and cancer progression. The recent explosive development of high‐throughput single‐cell sequencing methods has enabled high‐performance heterogeneity detection through a vast number of novel strategies. Despite the limitation on total cost, technical advances in high‐throughput single‐cell whole‐genome sequencing methods are made for higher genome coverage, parallel throughput, and level of integration. This review highlights the technical advancements in high‐throughput scWGS in the aspects of strategies design, data efficiency, parallel handling platforms, and their applications on human genome. The experimental innovations, remaining challenges, and perspectives are summarized and discussed.
Myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the oviduct and uterus in a Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)
Authors: Golchin Diba , Borhanikiya Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old female cinnamon cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) was presented with a coelomic distention. Dystocia was suspected, given its previous history of a calcium‐deficient diet and multiple instances of nonobstructive dystocia. Exploratory coeliotomy revealed a large intraluminal mass extending through the magnum to the uterus (shell gland). Metastasis and multiorgan involvement were not seen. Histopathologically, malignant and invasive fascicles of spindle cells were associated with abundant myxoid matrix and hypocellular areas. Multinucleation, bizarre cells and atypical mitotic figures were prominent. Masson's trichrome staining verified the muscular origin, and the myxoid matrix was demonstrated utilizing Alcian blue. The neoplastic cells exhibited alpha‐smooth muscle actin and desmin immunoreactivity and were negative for vimentin. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with oviductal and uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The patient survived 34 days post‐surgery before death associated with suspected enteritis. Myxoid LMS is an extremely rare neoplasm in animals. To our knowledge, myxoid LMS has not been reported previously in pet birds.
UoC‐11: An Interpenetrating MOF from Fluorinated BTB Ligands and a 1‐D Mg Based SBU
Authors: Sebastian Sean S. , Dicke Finn P. , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA new MOF, named UoC‐11 (UoC=University of Cologne, [Mg4(3F‐BTB)2(OAc)2(DMF)6] ⋅  DMF), based on a fluorinated BTB (4,4′,4′′‐benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl‐tris‐(benzoate)) derivative and Mg cations was synthesized incorporating additional acetate anions. Its crystal structure was determined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data (P21/c, Z=4). It consists of one‐dimensional Mg‐SBUs (strands), interconnected perpendicularly by tritopic linkers forming a dense two‐fold interpenetrating 3D network. Thus, only very small voids are formed which are fully occupied by the solvent. After activation at 150 °C (24 hours), no meaningful N2 adsorption was observed. Compared to the Ca and Sr analogues UoC‐9, UoC‐11 does not exhibit a crystal sponge behaviour. Thermal analysis (TGA) shows a release of all solvent molecules up to ~280 °C and the decomposition of the framework starts above 300 °C.
Designing RS Approaches: Major Principles
Authors: Farooki Masuma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on the research and consultation findings of the RE-SOURCING Project, this chapter looks towards the future, reasoning that the knowledge and experience from the past decades need to be now consolidated by agreeing to a framework on how responsible sourcing approaches are developed, improved, and especially implemented. The framework allows decision-makers to step back from the detailed aspects of individual approaches and consolidate what they aim to achieve and how. The chapter framework requires stakeholders to consider a process where duty-bearers ensure policies, processes, and compliance mechanisms exist to deliver the environmental, social, and economic rights, as prioritised by stakeholders who are impacted by the activities within a mineral supply chain. This requires meaningful and inclusive participation and equal access to decision-making; accountability and a level playing field and transparency and access to information. While different stakeholders may take different paths to achieve this, it is essential that they share a common vision for responsible sourcing practices.
Unveiling the Anatomy of Adversarial Attacks: Concept-Based XAI Dissection of CNNs
Authors: Mikriukov Georgii , Schwalbe Gesina , Motzkus Franz , Bade Korinna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdversarial attacks (AAs) pose a significant threat to the reliability and robustness of deep neural networks. While the impact of these attacks on model predictions has been extensively studied, their effect on the learned representations and concepts within these models remains largely unexplored. In this work, we perform an in-depth analysis of the influence of AAs on the concepts learned by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) using eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques. Through an extensive set of experiments across various network architectures and targeted AA techniques, we unveil several key findings. First, AAs induce substantial alterations in the concept composition within the feature space, introducing new concepts or modifying existing ones. Second, the adversarial perturbation operation itself can be linearly decomposed into a global set of latent vector components, with a subset of these being responsible for the attack’s success. Notably, we discover that these components are target-specific, i.e., are similar for a given target class throughout different AA techniques and starting classes. Our findings provide valuable insights into the nature of AAs and their impact on learned representations, paving the way for the development of more robust and interpretable deep learning models, as well as effective defenses against adversarial threats.
A description of χcJ → VV decays within the effective field theory framework
Authors: Kivel Nikolay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study χcJ → VV decays using the QCD effective field theory approach. The helicity suppressed decay amplitudes are also considered. The colour-singlet contributions of these amplitudes suffer from the endpoint singularities, it is shown that they can be absorbed into renormalisation of the nonfactorisable colour-octet matrix element. The latter can be associated with the colour-octet component of the charmonium wave function. The heavy quark spin symmetry makes it possible to establish the relationships between colour-octet matrix elements for different states χcJ up to higher order corrections in small velocity v. This allows us to estimate the polarisation parameters for χc2→ VV using data for χc0,1→ VV. This analysis is carried out for the available data on the χcJ→ ϕϕ decays.
Risk and artificial general intelligence
Authors: Faroldi Federico L. G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArtificial General Intelligence (AGI) is said to pose many risks, be they catastrophic, existential and otherwise. This paper discusses whether the notion of risk can apply to AGI, both descriptively and in the current regulatory framework. The paper argues that current definitions of risk are ill-suited to capture supposed AGI existential risks, and that the risk-based framework of the EU AI Act is inadequate to deal with truly general, agential systems.