bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glacially generated overpressure on the New England continental shelf: Integration of full‐waveform inversion and overpressure modeling
Authors: Siegel Jacob , Lizarralde Daniel , Dugan Brandon , Person Mark 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLocalized zones of high‐amplitude, discontinuous seismic reflections 100 km off the coast of Massachusetts, USA, have P wave velocities up to 190 m/s lower than those of adjacent sediments of equal depth (250 m below the sea floor). To investigate the origin of these low‐velocity zones, we compare the detailed velocity structure across high‐amplitude regions to adjacent, undisturbed regions through full‐waveform inversion. We relate the full‐waveform inversion velocities to effective stress and overpressure with a power law model. This model predicts localized overpressures up to 2.2 MPa associated with the high‐amplitude reflections. To help understand the overpressure source, we model overpressure due to erosion, glacial loading, and sedimentation in one dimension. The modeling results show that ice loading from a late Pleistocene glaciation, ice loading from the Last Glacial Maximum, and rapid sedimentation contributed to the overpressure. Localized overpressure, however, is likely the result of focused fluid flow through a high‐permeability layer below the region characterized by the high‐amplitude reflections. These high overpressures may have also caused localized sediment deformation. Our forward models predict maximum overpressure during the Last Glacial Maximum due to loading by glaciers and rapid sedimentation, but these overpressures are dissipating in the modern, low sedimentation rate environment. This has important implications for our understanding continental shelf morphology, fluid flow, and submarine groundwater discharge off Massachusetts, as we show a mechanism related to Pleistocene ice sheets that may have created regions of anomalously high overpressure.
Nongeocentric axial dipole field behavior during the Mono Lake excursion
Authors: Negrini Robert M. , McCuan Daniel T. , Horton Robert A. , Lopez James D. , Cassata William S. , Channell James E. T. , Verosub Kenneth L. , Knott Jeffrey R. , Coe Robert S. , Liddicoat Joseph C. , Lund Steven P. , Benson Larry V. , Sarna‐Wojcicki Andrei M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA new record of the Mono Lake excursion (MLE) is reported from the Summer Lake Basin of Oregon, USA. Sediment magnetic properties indicate magnetite as the magnetization carrier and imply suitability of the sediments as accurate recorders of the magnetic field including relative paleointensity (RPI) variations. The magnitudes and phases of the declination, inclination, and RPI components of the new record correlate well with other coeval but lower resolution records from western North America including records from the Wilson Creek Formation exposed around Mono Lake. The virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) path of the new record is similar to that from another high‐resolution record of the MLE from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 919 in the Irminger Basin between Iceland and Greenland but different from the VGP path for the Laschamp excursion (LE), including that found lower in the ODP‐919 core. Thus, the prominent excursion recorded at Mono Lake, California, is not the LE but rather one that is several thousands of years younger. The MLE VGP path contains clusters, the locations of which coincide with nonaxial dipole features found in the Holocene geomagnetic field. The clusters are occupied in the same time progression by VGPs from Summer Lake and the Irminger Basin, but the phase of occupation is offset, a behavior that suggests time‐transgressive decay and return of the principal field components at the beginning and end of the MLE, respectively, leaving the nonaxial dipole features associated with the clusters dominant during the excursion.
Method for time–temperature–transformation diagrams using DSC data: Linseed aliphatic epoxy resin
Authors: Restrepo‐Zapata Nora Catalina , Osswald Tim A. , Hernández‐Ortiz Juan P. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA novel method to generate time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagrams from Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data is presented. The methodology starts with dynamical DSC information to obtain the total transformation heat, followed by an isothermal‐dynamic temperature ramp that allows the inclusion of diffusion‐controlled reaction kinetic. The cure kinetics is modeled using an auto‐catalytic Kamal–Sourour model, complemented with a Kissinger model that allows the direct prediction of one energy of activation, DiBenedetto's equation for the glass transition temperature as a function of the cure degree and adjusted reaction constants to include diffusion mechanisms. The methodology uses a nonlinear least‐squares regression method following J.P. Hernández‐Ortiz and T.A. Osswald's methodology (J. Polym. Eng. 2004, 25, 23). A typical linseed epoxy resin (EP) presents two different kinetics control mechanisms, thereby providing a good model to validate the proposed experimental and theoretical method. TTT diagrams for EPs at two different accelerator concentrations are calculated from direct integration of the kinetic model. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40566.
UV‐cured cellulose nanofiber composites with moisture durable oxygen barrier properties
Authors: Galland Sylvain , Leterrier Yves , Nardi Tommaso , Plummer Christopher J. G. , Månson Jan Anders E. , Berglund Lars A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNanocomposites based on 10 to 60 vol % cellulose nanofibers (NFC) in a photopolymerizable hyperbranched acrylate matrix were prepared. Unmodified NFC and NFC chemically modified with a silane coupling agent and with ceric ammonium nitrate for direct polymer grafting from the cellulose surface were used. A homogeneous dispersion of NFC in the matrix was obtained in each case, leading to a marked improvement in oxygen barrier (up to nine times) and thermomechanical properties (storage modulus increased up to seven times). The mechanisms involved in the permeability reduction were investigated, revealing non‐monotonic trends in the evolution of the solubility and diffusion coefficients with NFC content. Most significantly, the inherent moisture sensitivity of the oxygen permeability of the NFC was found to be drastically reduced when it was dispersed in the polymer matrix, particularly after chemical modification, underlining the promise of the present approach for the production of robust, high barrier organic films. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40604.
Synthesis of hydrogels by polymerization of itaconic acid–choline chloride deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Bednarz Szczepan , Fluder Maria , Galica Mateusz , Bogdal Dariusz , Maciejaszek Ireneusz 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTItaconic acid (IA)–choline chloride (CC) deep eutectic solvents (DES) were prepared and characterized by NMR, TGA, and DSC. Poly(itaconic acid–co–bisacrylamide) hydrogels were synthesized by in situ polymerization‐crosslinking of the DES. For comparison, the hydrogels were also prepared in water under the same process conditions, that is, temperature, time, initial concentration of the monomer, the initiator, and N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (BAA) as the cross‐linking agent. Chemical structure of the polymers was proved by elemental analysis and FTIR. The values of insoluble gel fraction and water swelling of obtained hydrogels suggest that polymers prepared in DES have higher cross‐link density. Preliminary comparative studies of polymerization of IA in water and in DES medium indicated higher polymerization rate resulting from the presence of the choline salt, what might explain properties of the hydrogels prepared in DES. This study shows that DES can be used both as a solvent and catalyst in free‐radical polymerization processes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40608.
Epidemiology and survival of HPV‐related tonsillar carcinoma
Authors: Psychogios Georgios , Alexiou Christoph , Agaimy Abba , Brunner Kathrin , Koch Michael , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Tomppert Andrea , Iro Heinrich 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the proportion of human papilloma virus (HPV)‐positive cases in tonsillar carcinomas and investigate its development over the last decade. Further aim was to show the oncologic results in accord to HPV status and various treatment modalities. A retrospective study was conducted between 2000 and 2012 and included 275 patients treated for tonsillar carcinoma. P16 immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate marker for HPV‐associated carcinogenesis. A total of 101 (36.7%) patients proved to be p16 positive and 174 p16 negative. 80.2% of the p16‐positive cases presented with T1‐2 tumor. Of the early‐stage patients, 79% of the p16‐positive and 52.3% of the p16‐negative presented with lymph node metastases. The percentage of p16‐positive patients increased from 23.2% in the period 2005–2007 to 58.6% in the period 2010–2012 in the whole population and from 30.9% to 76.9% in T1‐2 carcinomas. Early T‐category p16‐positive carcinomas had significantly better disease‐specific survival (92.4% vs. 75.5%, P = 0.007) and overall survival (OS, 79.6% vs. 54.3%, P < 0.001) compared to p16‐negative tumors. This study showed an increase in the percentage of p16‐positive patients in tonsillar carcinoma from 23.2% in the years between 2005 and 2007 to 58.6% between 2010 and 2012. The majority (80.2%) of p16‐positive patients presented with early T‐category tumor but most of these (79.0%) had also lymph node metastases. Nevertheless, p16‐positive patients had excellent oncologic results after surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy and could be considered for de‐escalation of treatment.
A novel method for fabric color transfer
Authors: Zheng Dejun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFabric color design is a complex process in textiles and clothing industry. A new method for fabric color selection and transferring is proposed in this study. An automatic way to select the colors from the natural images is developed for fabric color design. Based on these colors, a fabric image is then used for color transferring. The fabric image is processed by a bias field estimation operation, and the membership function of the color deviations of the image has been obtained. According to the selected colors and the color membership function, the fabric image colors can be changed and transferred to a new image that preserves the similar texture appearance but with significantly different color effects. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 304–310, 2015
Self‐adaptive workload classification and forecasting for proactive resource provisioning
Authors: Herbst Nikolas Roman , Huber Nikolaus , Kounev Samuel , Amrehn Erich 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYAs modern enterprise software systems become increasingly dynamic, workload forecasting techniques are gaining an importance as a foundation for online capacity planning and resource management. Time series analysis offers a broad spectrum of methods to calculate workload forecasts based on history monitoring data. Related work in the field of workload forecasting mostly concentrates on evaluating specific methods and their individual optimisation potential or on predicting QoS metrics directly. As a basis, we present a survey on established forecasting methods of the time series analysis concerning their benefits and drawbacks and group them according to their computational overheads. In this paper, we propose a novel self‐adaptive approach that selects suitable forecasting methods for a given context based on a decision tree and direct feedback cycles together with a corresponding implementation. The user needs to provide only his general forecasting objectives. In several experiments and case studies based on real‐world workload traces, we show that our implementation of the approach provides continuous and reliable forecast results at run‐time. The results of this extensive evaluation show that the relative error of the individual forecast points is significantly reduced compared with statically applied forecasting methods, for example, in an exemplary scenario on average by 37%. In a case study, between 55 and 75% of the violations of a given service level objective can be prevented by applying proactive resource provisioning based on the forecast results of our implementation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing the scalability of a Web application on a multi‒core server
Authors: Hashemian Raoufehsadat , Krishnamurthy Diwakar , Arlitt Martin , Carlsson Niklas 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe advent of multi‒core technology motivates new studies to understand how efficiently Web servers utilize such hardware. This paper presents a detailed performance study of a Web server application deployed on a modern eight‒core server. Our study shows that default Web server configurations result in poor scalability with increasing core counts. We study two different types of workloads, namely, a workload with intense TCP/IP related OS activity and the SPECweb2009 Support workload with more application‒level processing. We observe that the scaling behaviour is markedly different for these workloads, mainly because of the difference in the performance of static and dynamic requests. While static requests perform poorly when moving from using one socket to both sockets in the system, the converse is true for dynamic requests. We show that, contrary to what was suggested by previous work, Web server scalability improvement policies need to be adapted based on the type of workload experienced by the server. The results of our experiments reveal that with workload‒specific Web server configuration strategies, a multi‒core server can be utilized up to 80% while still serving requests without significant queuing delays; utilizations beyond 90% are also possible, while still serving requests with ‘acceptable’ response times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric reproductive barriers and mosaic reproductive isolation: insights fromMisty lake–stream stickleback
Authors: Räsänen Katja , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEcological speciation seems to occur readily but is clearly not ubiquitous – and the relative contributions of different reproductive barriers remain unclear in most systems. We here investigate the potential importance of selection against migrants in lake/stream stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from theMisty Lake system,Canada. This system is of particular interest because one population contrast (Lake vs.Outlet stream) shows very low genetic and morphological divergence, whereas another population contrast (Lake vs.Inlet stream) shows dramatic genetic and morphological divergence apparently without strong and symmetric reproductive barriers. To test whether selection against migrants might solve this “conundrum of missing reproductive isolation”, we performed a fully factorial reciprocal transplant experiment using 225 individually marked stickleback collected from the wild. Relative fitness of the different ecotypes (Lake,Inlet, andOutlet) was assessed based on survival and mass change in experimental enclosures. We found that Inlet fish performed poorly in the lake (selection against migrants in that direction), whereas Lake fish outperformed Inlet fish in all environments (no selection against migrants in the opposite direction). As predicted from their phenotypic and genetic similarity, Outlet and Lake fish performed similarly in all environments. These results suggest that selection against migrants is asymmetric and, together with previous work, indicates that multiple reproductive barriers contribute to reproductive isolation. Similar mosaic patterns of reproductive isolation are likely in other natural systems.
Self and mutual ground impedances of cylindrical metal plates buried in homogeneous earth
Authors: Vujević Slavko , Lovrić Dino , Balaž Zdenko 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThis paper presents a numerical procedure for computation of self and mutual impedance of cylindrical metal plates buried in homogeneous earth. Procedure is based on an analytical expression for scalar potential distribution of an equipotential metal plate in homogeneous unbounded medium. The effect of the air–earth boundary condition is taken into account by the exact imaging method. The robustness and accuracy of the computation procedure is based on the combination of analytical integration and 1D and 2D Gaussian quadratures for solving integrals present in expressions for self and mutual ground impedances of metal plates. The attenuation and phase shift is taken into account approximately by introducing the attenuation‐phase shift factor. The numerical procedure developed for the computation of self and mutual ground impedances of cylindrical metal plates buried in homogeneous earth is efficient, numerically stable and generally applicable. Numerical model developed for the computation of self and mutual ground impedances of cylindrical metal plates buried in homogeneous earth represents a basis of a wider numerical model for computation of ground fault current distribution in which grounding grids are approximated by metal cylindrical plates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External and internal bone micro‐architecture in normal and Kienböck's lunates: A whole‐bone micro‐computed tomography study
Authors: Low Stephanie C. , Bain Gregory I. , Findlay David M. , Eng Kevin , Perilli Egon 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTKienböck's disease is idiopathic osteonecrosis of the lunate, leading to its fracture and collapse. This study compares internal and external bone micro‐architecture of normal and fractured lunates (Kienböck's), by using high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) on the whole bone of the two lunate types, and histology.Fractured Kienböck‐diseased lunates were obtained from patients undergoing proximal‐row‐carpectomy, while normal cadaveric lunates served as controls. 3D‐micro‐CT‐imaging of control lunates revealed an encircling cortex surrounding trabecular bone. Trabeculae were arranged in a radial pattern, spanning from the distal to the proximal subchondral plate. Kienböck's lunates exhibited clear fracture lines, with fragmented bone, both proximally and distally, in areas the radially‐patterned trabeculae and enveloping cortex were absent, producing height loss. In trabecular bone, Kienböck's lunates revealed increased bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and number, and decreased trabecular separation and structure model index. Histologically, Kienböck's lunates revealed osteonecrosis, as well as remodeling fronts with osteoblasts and osteoid surrounding bone marrow. Whole‐bone high‐resolution 3D examination of normal and Kienböck's diseased lunates contributes to a better understanding of micro‐architectural changes occurring in the pathology. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:826–833, 2014.
Survival and growth of foodborne pathogens in pesticide solutions routinely used in leafy green vegetables and tomato production
Authors: Dobhal Shefali , Zhang Guodong , Royer Tom , Damicone John , Ma Li Maria 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumption of fresh produce has increased tremendously in the past few years as have outbreaks of foodborne illnesses associated with these commodities. Pesticides routinely used in crop production could influence the outcomes of foodborne pathogen contamination of fresh produce. Experiments were performed to determine the effects of pesticides on the survival and growth characteristics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Eight commercial fungicides and insecticides commonly used for disease and insect pest control on leafy green vegetables and tomatoes were evaluated.RESULTSAmong the pesticides tested, copper hydroxide, acetamiprid, cypermethrin and permethrin were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) inhibitory to pathogens while no effect was observed for chlorothalonil, flonicamid and methoxyfenozide. At the highest concentration tested (2.66%), azoxystrobin had a significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory effect on the growth of E. coli O157:H7 after 24 h incubation. The results indicated that some pesticides can stimulate the growth of human pathogens if contaminated water is used in their preparation, whereas others were likely to inhibit or reduce pathogen populations.CONCLUSIONThis information is helpful in mitigating the risk of microbial contamination in fresh produce, which is critical to public health and safety. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of Maillard reaction products on the physical and antimicrobial properties of edible films based on ε‐polylysine and chitosan
Authors: Wang Yingying , Liu Fuguo , Liang Chunxuan , Yuan Fang , Gao Yanxiang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDEdible films based on Maillard reaction products (MRPs) of ε‐polylysine and chitosan, without the use of any plasticiser, were prepared by solution casting. The effect of Maillard reaction parameters (reaction time and the ratio of polylysine/chitosan) of ε‐polylysine and chitosan on the structure, moisture content, water solubility, total colour difference and mechanical properties of edible films formed by MRPs were systematically evaluated.RESULTSScanning electron microscopy confirmed that edible films prepared by the MRPs of ε‐polylysine and chitosan through the Maillard reaction exhibited a more compact and dense structure than those from the mixture of biopolymers without the presence of MRPs. The tensile strength and % elongation values of films from the mixture were decreased significantly with the rise of ε‐polylysine (P < 0.05). The moisture content of the films was not significantly affected by Maillard reaction, whereas water solubility was decreased and total colour difference was increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the extension of Maillard reaction time. In addition, antimicrobial activity of chitosan films against E. coli and S. aureus. could be achieved by incorporating ε‐polylysine into chitosan.CONCLUSIONThese films can ensure food quality and safety, especially for coating highly perishable foods, such as meat products. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Impacts of changing cropping pattern on virtual water flows related to crops transfer: a case study for the Hetao irrigation district, China
Authors: Liu Jing , Wu Pute , Wang Yubao , Zhao Xining , Sun Shikun , Cao Xinchun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAnalysis of cropping patterns is a prerequisite for their optimisation, and evaluation of virtual water flows could shed new light on water resources management. This study is intended to explore the effects of cropping pattern changes between 1960 and 2008 on virtual water flows related to crops transfer in the Hetao irrigation district, China.RESULTS(1) The sown area of crops increased at an average rate of 3.57 × 103 ha year−1 while the proportion of sown grain crops decreased from 92.83% in the 1960s to 50.22% in the 2000s. (2) Virtual water content decreased during the study period while net virtual water exports increased since the 1980s. (3) Assuming that the cropping pattern was constant and was equal to the average 1960s value, accumulated net virtual water export in 1980–2008 would have been 4.76 × 109 m3 greater than that in the actual cropping pattern scenario.CONCLUSIONCropping pattern changes in the Hetao irrigation district could not only be seen as resulting from the pursuit for higher economic returns, but also as a feedback response to limited water resources. A systematic framework is still needed for future cropping pattern planning by taking food security, continued agricultural expansion and other constraints into consideration. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry