bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of locking plates in complex midfoot fractures
Authors: Bayley E , Duncan N , Taylor A 
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION Complex fracture dislocations of the midfoot are uncommon. Improved outcomes have been demonstrated where it has been possible to restore and maintain the length and alignment of the medial column as well as the congruity of the articular surfaces. We present our experience with the use of angle-stable locking plates in the stabilisation of complex midfoot fracture dislocations. METHODS Twelve patients were identified on a prospective trauma database between 2003 and 2009. All fractures involved the medial column with four associated fracture subluxations of the lateral column also. Patients underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with restoration of the medial column axis, reduction of the articular surface congruity and stabilisation with angle-stable locking plates. RESULTS There were no post-operative infections or neurological injuries. Ten of the twelve patients required metalwork removal. There were no implant failures prior to removal of the metalwork. At a mean follow-up of 12.4 months (range: 4–32 months), 11 patients had minimal symptoms of swelling, discomfort or stiffness in the midfoot. This did not restrict their daily activities. One patient developed post-traumatic arthritis and collapse of the medial longitudinal arch. Two patients declined removal of the metalwork. CONCLUSIONS Angle-stable locking plates provide satisfactory stabilisation following ORIF of complex midfoot fracture dislocations. Most patients will require removal of the metalwork. Following removal of metalwork, the majority of patients will maintain the length, alignment and stability of the midfoot.
Double bypass for inoperable pancreatic malignancy at laparotomy: postoperative complications and long-term outcome
Authors: Ausania F , Vallance AE , Manas DM , Prentis JM , Snowden CP , White SA , Charnley RM , French JJ , Jaques BC 
Published: November 2012

INTRODUCTION Between 4% and 13% of patients with operable pancreatic malignancy are found unresectable at the time of surgery. Double bypass is a good option for fit patients but it is associated with high risk of postoperative complications. The aim of this study was to identify pre-operatively which patients undergoing double bypass are at high risk of complications and to assess their long-term outcome. METHODS Of the 576 patients undergoing pancreatic resections between 2006 and 2011, 50 patients who underwent a laparotomy for a planned pancreaticoduodenectomy had a double bypass procedure for inoperable disease. Demographic data, risk factors for postoperative complications and pre-operative anaesthetic assessment data including the Portsmouth Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) were collected. RESULTS Fifty patients (33 men and 17 women) were included in the study. The median patient age was 64 years (range: 39–79 years). The complication rate was 50% and the in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. The P-POSSUM physiology subscore and low anaerobic threshold at CPET were significantly associated with postoperative complications (p=0.005 and p=0.016 respectively) but they were unable to predict them. Overall long-term survival was significantly shorter in patients with postoperative complications (9 vs 18 months). Postoperative complications were independently associated with poorer long-term survival (p=0.003, odds ratio: 3.261). CONCLUSIONS P-POSSUM and CPET are associated with postoperative complications but the possibility of using them for risk prediction requires further research. However, postoperative complications following double bypass have a significant impact on long-term survival and this type of surgery should therefore only be performed in specialised centres.
‘Managing Murdoch’: How the regulator that became a problem then became a solution
Authors: Purvis Stewart 
Published: November 2012

In 2009 David Cameron, the Leader of the British Conservative Party, then in opposition, announced that ‘with a Conservative Government, Ofcom as we know it will cease to exist’ (Tryhorn 2009; Holmwood 2009). He said the United Kingdom’s communications regulator,the
Office of Communications (Ofcom), would be cut back ‘by a huge amount’ and would ‘no longer play a role in making policy’. Three years later, with Mr Cameron half-way through his term as Prime Minister of a Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government,Ofcom’s
budget had been cut – broadly in line with savings in the United Kingdom’s other public bodies – but it had far from ceased to exist. In fact it had an even wider role in regulation. Cameron’s government had asked Ofcom to regulate postal services in addition to
its existing responsibilities for telecommunications and broadcasting.The British Prime Minister said the regulator’s core functions were ‘essential’ (Leveson Inquiry 2012h: 50, par. 157). His government regularly asked for policy input from Ofcom and in 2011 sought advice
on how to handle issues of media plurality (Department for Culture Media and Sport 2011). Understanding how such a sudden political change of heart came about provides a case study into an issue which goes far beyond the United Kingdom’s shores – how political leaders, rather than
submit to demands from news organizations for the de-regulation of their activities, may find that regulators are, in fact, a useful buttress against media pressure.
Off Native ground: Europe in contemporary American Indian poetry
Authors: Mackay James 
Published: November 2012

The relationship between Europeans and American Indians is normally conceptualized as one in which European gazes distort Native cultures, moulding them to fit the ideal of what Robert Berkhofer calls ‘The White Man’s Indian’. But in the past half-century it has increasingly
been Native Americans who have been the gazing agents, and many Native poets have now set poems or entire collections of poetry in Europe. Examining poems from writers including Simon Ortiz, Jim Barnes, Drucilla Wall, Luci Tapahonso, Joy Harjo, Sherman Alexie, Gerald Vizenor, Ralph Salisbury
and James Thomas Stevens, I demonstrate that the Europe emerging from their work is, perhaps surprisingly, overwhelmingly seen as a place of welcome and pleasure – even when dark histories of colonization and Holocaust are recognized. Focusing on themes of land and hospitality,
I argue that Native writers often use Europe as a space from which to critique American cultural hegemony.
Interfacial sorption/desorption studies of Pu(IV) on Silica and alumina surfaces
Authors: Kumar S. , Kasar S. U. , Tomar B. S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCombination of sorption, desorption and kinetic experiments for Pu(IV) in silica and alumina suspensions over the pH range (2–9) have been employed to study the factors controlling Pu mobility from the near field of the repositories. These studies have been carried out using shorter lived isotope of Pu (238Pu) thereby achieving Pu concentration (∼10-9M) near the solubility limit. Kinetic experiments were carried out to investigate the mechanism of the sorption process. In order to conclude about the surface speciation, desorption and leaching studies have been carried out on short as well as long time equilibrated sorption samples. Oxidation state transformation in the kinetic experiment was determined using parallelly carried out solvent extraction procedures. Silica was found governing the sorption at pH values≲ 5.5while both the surfaces quantitatively sorb the metal ion at higher pH values. The leaching and desorption experiments, in light of kinetic experiments, concluded the formation of small polynuclear Pu(IV) oxide/hydroxide species on both the surfaces. These experiments did not show any evidence for PuO2(am.) as the surface speciation. Oxidation state determination in silica supernatants revealed V as the oxidation state of Pu, while alumina suspensions favour higher oxidations state,i.e., (VI) over (V) in the supernantant. Disproportionation of Pu(V) in the interfacial region, caused by the higher sorption affinity of alumina, produces Pu(VI) in the alumina supernatant. These findings provide new insight for defining the source term of Pu migration in geosphere.
Minimum VaR and minimum CVaR optimal portfolios: Estimators, confidence regions, and tests
Authors: Bodnar Taras , Schmid Wolfgang , Zabolotskyy Tara 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the sample estimators for the expected return, the variance, the value-at-risk (VaR), and the conditional VaR (CVaR) of the minimum VaR and the minimum CVaR portfolio. Their exact distributions are derived. These expressions are used for studying the distributional properties of the estimated characteristics. We prove that the expectation does not exist for the estimated variance, while the second moment does not exist for the estimated expected return. Moreover, expressions for the joint densities and the corresponding dependence measures between the estimators for the expected return and the variance as well as between the estimated expected return and the estimated VaR (CVaR) are derived. Finally, we present a confidence region for the minimum VaR portfolio and the minimum CVaR portfolio in the mean-variance space as well as in the mean-VaR (mean-CVaR) space. The obtained results are illustrated in an empirical study throughout the paper.
Modellierung der absoluten Impedanz einer Luftspule mit Wirbelstromrückwirkung
Authors: Wendler Frank , Tröltzsch Uwe , Kanoun Olfa 
Published: November 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die analytische Modellierung von Spulenimpedanzen stellt die theoretische Grundlage vieler Wirbelstrommessverfahren dar. Wenn permeable Materialien untersucht werden, ist nicht nur die wirbelstrombedingte Impedanzänderung von Interesse, sondern auch die Relation dieser Änderung zu dem absoluten Wert. Feldmodelle auf der Grundlage des magnetischen Vektorpotentials wurden bereits zur Berechnung der wirbelstrombedingten Impedanzänderung benutzt. Durch Konvergenzprobleme bei der Integration lässt sich diese Berechnungsmethode nicht exakt auf den materialunabhängigen Impedanzanteil übertragen. In diesem Artikel wird die Ursache dieser Konvergenzprobleme gezeigt und über die Methode der Inneren und Äußeren Induktivität gelöst. So kann das bisherige Modellierungsverfahren um den materialunabhängigen Anteil auf eine ganzheitliche Impedanzbeschreibung erweitert werden. Eine ganzheitliche Modellierung umfasst alle betragsmäßig relevanten Impedanzanteile und liefert ein Maximum an Information aus den einzelnen Impedanzspektren. Die Leistungsfähigkeit dieses Verfahrens wird im anwendungsrelevanten Frequenzbereich von 10 kHz bis 10 MHz demonstriert, wobei berechneten Werten Versuchsdaten gegenübergestellt werden.
Digital-holographischer Mehrwellenlängensensor HoloTop zur 100-Prozent-Kontrolle von Oberflächen
Authors: Carl Daniel , Fratz Markus , Giel Dominik M. , Höfler Heinrich 
Published: November 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das digital-holographische Verfahren ermöglicht erstmals die 3D-Vermessung auch rauer Oberflächen. Möglich wird dies durch die Überlagerung der Laserstrahlen bei der Mehrwellenlängenholographie. Dabei wird aus mehreren Interferogrammen ein topographisches Abbild numerisch berechnet. Innerhalb einer Sekunde vermisst das System eine Fläche von 20 mm×20 mm mikrometergenau und eignet sich dadurch besonders für die Inline-Inspektion von Bauteilen.
Hydrostatisches Hochdruck-Messelement bis 5000 bar mit einem Silizium-Glas-Verbundkörper
Authors: Heinickel Patrick , Werthschützky Roland 
Published: November 2012

Zusammenfassung
Das Verbundelement als piezoresistives Hochdruck-Messelement für 5000 bar basiert auf einem neuartigen Prinzip der mechanischen Verspannung infolge allseitiger Druckbelastung. Der Einfluss des Dickenverhältnisses von Silizium und mechanisch fehlangepasstem Glas anhand eines analytischen Ansatzes wird durch messtechnische Charakterisierung von sieben Verbundelementen mit drei unterschiedlichen Dickenverhältnissen bestätigt. Es zeigt sich ein nichtlineares Verhalten bei den Elementen mit den dicksten Glasgegenkörpern, die mehr als doppelt so dick wie das Silizium sind.
Hospitalization of Rural and Urban Infants During the First Year of Life
Authors: Ray Kristin N. , Lorch Scott A. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:To examine hospitalizations and length of stay (LOS) for infants aged &lt;1 year in rural and urban counties, hypothesizing that infants living in rural counties experience significantly different hospital use compared with urban infants.METHODS:Birth certificates for infants born in California hospitals between 1993 and 2005 and surviving to discharge were linked to hospital discharge records and death certificates during the first year of life, resulting in a study population of &gt;6.4 million. Hospitalizations, cumulative LOS, readmission rates, and mortality were compared by using univariate and multivariable analysis for infants living in small rural, large rural, small urban, and large urban counties. Odds of hospitalization and cumulative LOS were also examined for common infant diagnoses.RESULTS:Infants living in increasingly rural counties experienced decreasing rates of hospitalization and decreasing number of hospitalized days during the first year of life. Infants living in small rural counties experienced 370 hospital days per 1000 infants compared with 474 hospital days per 1000 infants living in large urban counties. In multivariable analysis, infants in large urban counties experienced increased odds of hospitalization (odds ratio: 1.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.36]) and increased hospitalized days (incidence risk ratio: 1.17 [95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.29]) compared with infants in small rural counties. For most common diagnoses, urban residence was associated with either increased odds of hospitalization or increased cumulative LOS.CONCLUSIONS:Infants living in rural California counties experienced decreased hospital utilization, including decreased hospitalization and decreased LOS, compared with infants living in urban counties.
Impact of a Third Dose of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine on a Mumps Outbreak
Authors: Ogbuanu Ikechukwu U. , Kutty Preeta K. , Hudson Jean M. , Blog Debra , Abedi Glen R. , Goodell Stephen , Lawler Jacqueline , McLean Huong Q. , Pollock Lynn , Rausch-Phung Elizabeth , Schulte Cynthia , Valure Barbara , Armstrong Gregory L. , Gallagher Kathleen 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
During 2009–2010, a northeastern US religious community experienced a large mumps outbreak despite high 2-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine coverage. A third dose of MMR vaccine was offered to students in an affected community in an effort to control the outbreak.

METHODS:
Eligible sixth- to 12th-grade students in 3 schools were offered a third dose of MMR vaccine. Baseline and follow-up surveys and physician case reports were used to monitor mumps attack rates (ARs). We calculated ARs for defined 3-week periods before and after the intervention.

RESULTS:
Of 2265 eligible students, 2178 (96.2%) provided documentation of having received 2 previous doses of MMR vaccine, and a high proportion (1755 or 80.6%) chose to receive an additional vaccine dose. The overall AR for all sixth- to 12th-grade students declined from 4.93% in the prevaccination period to 0.13% after vaccination (P &lt; .001). Villagewide, overall AR declined by 75.6% after the intervention. A decline occurred in all age groups but was significantly greater (96.0%) among 11- to 17-year-olds, the age group targeted for vaccination, than among all other age groups. The proportions of adverse events reported were lower than or within the range of those in previous reports of first- and second-dose MMR vaccine studies.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first study to assess the impact of a third MMR vaccine dose for mumps outbreak control. The decline in incidence shortly after the intervention suggests that a third dose of MMR vaccine may help control mumps outbreaks among populations with preexisting high 2-dose vaccine coverage.
A Quality Improvement Project to Increase Breast Milk Use in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Lee Henry C. , Kurtin Paul S. , Wight Nancy E. , Chance Kathy , Cucinotta-Fobes Tracey , Hanson-Timpson Tara A. , Nisbet Courtney C. , Rhine William D. , Risingsun Kate , Wood Matthew , Danielsen Beate H. , Sharek Paul J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate a multihospital collaborative designed to increase breast milk feeding in premature infants.METHODS:Eleven NICUs in the California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative participated in an Institute for Healthcare Improvement–style collaborative to increase NICU breast milk feeding rates. Multiple interventions were recommended with participating sites implementing a self-selected combination of these interventions. Breast milk feeding rates were compared between baseline (October 2008–September 2009), implementation (October 2009–September 2010), and sustainability periods (October 2010–March 2011). Secondary outcome measures included necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) rates and lengths of stay. California Perinatal Quality of Care Collaborative hospitals not participating in the project served as a control population.RESULTS:The breast milk feeding rate in the intervention sites improved from baseline (54.6%) to intervention period (61.7%; P = .005) with sustained improvement over 6 months postintervention (64.0%; P = .003). NEC rates decreased from baseline (7.0%) to intervention period (4.3%; P = .022) to sustainability period (2.4%; P &lt; .0001). Length of stay increased during the intervention but returned to baseline levels in the sustainability period. Control hospitals had higher rates of breast milk feeding at baseline (64.2% control vs 54.6% participants, P &lt; .0001), but over the course of the implementation (65.7% vs 61.7%, P = .049) and sustainability periods (67.7% vs 64.0%, P = .199), participants improved to similar rates as the control group.CONCLUSIONS:Implementation of a breast milk/nutrition change package by an 11-site collaborative resulted in an increase in breast milk feeding and decrease in NEC that was sustained over an 18-month period.
Identifying Teens at Risk: Developmental Pathways of Online and Offline Sexual Risk Behavior
Authors: Baumgartner Susanne E. , Sumter Sindy R. , Peter Jochen , Valkenburg Patti M. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:
The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the prevalence and development of both online (OnSRB) and offline sexual risk behavior (OffSRB) in adolescence, (2) to establish whether OnSRBs and OffSRBs are related, and (3) to identify risk factors that determine problematic pathways of OnSRB and OffSRB.

METHODS:
A 4-wave longitudinal study with 1762 Dutch adolescents aged 12 to 18 was conducted (mean age, T1 = 14.52, 49% girls). By using group-based modeling, developmental pathways for OnSRB and OffSRB were identified and the relationship between both behaviors over time was examined.

RESULTS:
Substantial intraindividual differences in the development of OnSRB and OffSRB were found. The analysis revealed 3 developmental pathways of OnSRB: no risk (70.2%), moderate risk (23.7%), and high risk (6.1%). For OffSRB, we identified a no risk (90.6%) and an increasing pathway (9.4%). OnSRBs and OffSRBs were related and had common predictors (ie, sensation seeking, low educational level, gender).

CONCLUSIONS:
Only a minority of adolescents shows sustained high OnSRB. This group is likely to consist of low-educated, high-sensation-seeking adolescents who spend more time communicating on the Internet and come from less cohesive families. These same adolescents are also more likely to engage in OffSRB. Preventions should focus on these adolescents.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Uzark Karen , King Eileen , Cripe Linda , Spicer Robert , Sage Jackie , Kinnett Kathleen , Wong Brenda , Pratt Jesse , Varni James W. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this study was to assess health-related quality of life (QoL) in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), including development and field-testing of a DMD-specific module integrated with the core Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).

METHODS:
The PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core and DMD Module Scales were completed by 203 families, including 200 parents and 117 boys with DMD. Scores on the PedsQL Core Scales were compared with those of matched healthy children. Relationships between PedsQL scores and patient characteristics were examined.

RESULTS:
By both parent report and child self-report, mean PedsQL scores for boys with DMD were significantly lower than those for healthy children for physical and psychosocial QoL (P &lt; .0001), with significantly impaired psychosocial QoL scores self-reported by 57%. Psychosocial QoL, by self-report only, tended to be higher in the older boys (13–18 years) than in younger boys (8–12 years; P = .05) and was not significantly associated with use of mobility aids. Although parents reported higher Daily Activities scores in boys receiving steroids (P = .01), boys receiving steroids reported no difference in Daily Activities but significantly less worry (P = .004). Parent–child concordance was generally in the fair to poor range. Internal consistency reliability coefficients for PedsQL DMD module scales ranged from 0.66 to 0.86.

CONCLUSIONS:
Overall, boys with DMD reported significantly lower QoL than their healthy peers. Despite decreased physical functioning, older boys seem to perceive better psychosocial QoL than perceived by their parents and by younger boys, unrelated to their need for mobility aids.
Differing Attitudes Toward Fetal Care by Pediatric and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialists
Authors: Brown Stephen D. , Donelan Karen , Martins Yolanda , Burmeister Kelly , Buchmiller Terry L. , Sayeed Sadath A. , Mitchell Christine , Ecker Jeffrey L. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:The expansion of pediatric-based fetal care raises questions regarding pediatric specialists’ involvement in pregnancies when maternal conditions may affect pediatric outcomes. For several such conditions, we compared pediatric and obstetric specialists’ attitudes regarding whether and when pediatrics consultation should be offered and their views about seeking court authorization to override maternal refusal of physician recommendations.METHODS:We used a mail survey of 434 maternal-fetal medicine specialists (MFMs) and fetal care pediatric specialists (FCPs) (response rate: MFM, 60.9%; FCP, 54.2%).RESULTS:FCPs were more likely than MFMs to indicate that pediatric counseling should occur before decisions regarding continuing or interrupting pregnancies complicated by maternal alcohol abuse (FCP versus MFM: 63% vs 36%), cocaine abuse (FCP versus MFM: 60% vs 32%), use of seizure medications (FCP versus MFM: 62% vs 33%), and diabetes (FCP versus MFM: 56% vs 27%) (all P &lt; .001). For all conditions, MFMs were more than twice as likely as FCPs to think that no pediatric specialist consultation was ever necessary. FCPs were more likely to agree that seeking court interventions was appropriate for maternal refusal to enter a program to discontinue cocaine use (FCP versus MFM: 72% vs 33%), refusal of azidothymidine to prevent perinatal HIV transmission (80% vs 41%), and refusal of percutaneous transfusion for fetal anemia (62% vs 28%) (all P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric and obstetric specialists differ considerably regarding pediatric specialists’ role in prenatal care for maternal conditions, and regarding whether to seek judicial intervention for maternal refusal of recommended treatment.