bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Counterfactual quantum-information transfer without transmitting any physical particles
Authors: Guo Qi , Cheng Liu-Yong , Chen Li , Wang Hong-Fu , Zhang Shou 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate quantum information can be transferred between two distant participants without any physical particles traveling between them. The key procedure of the counterfactual scheme is to entangle two nonlocal qubits with each other without interaction, so the scheme can also be used to generate nonlocal entanglement counterfactually. We here illustrate the scheme by using flying photon qubits and Rydberg atom qubits assisted by a mesoscopic atomic ensemble. Unlike the typical teleportation, the present scheme can transport an unknown qubit in a nondeterministic manner without prior entanglement sharing or classical communication between the two distant participants.
Estimation of the parameters of ETAS models by Simulated Annealing
Authors: Lombardi Anna Maria 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a new algorithm to estimate the maximum likelihood parameters of an Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequences (ETAS) model. It is based on Simulated Annealing, a versatile method that solves problems of global optimization and ensures convergence to a global optimum. The procedure is tested on both simulated and real catalogs. The main conclusion is that the method performs poorly as the size of the catalog decreases because the effect of the correlation of the ETAS parameters is more significant. These results give new insights into the ETAS model and the efficiency of the maximum-likelihood method within this context.
Intrinsic dynamics induce global symmetry in network controllability
Authors: Zhao Chen , Wang Wen-Xu , Liu Yang-Yu , Slotine Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2015

AbstractControlling complex networked systems to desired states is a key research goal in contemporary science. Despite recent advances in studying the impact of network topology on controllability, a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effect of network topology and individual dynamics on controllability is still lacking. Here we offer a theoretical study with particular interest in the diversity of dynamic units characterized by different types of individual dynamics. Interestingly, we find a global symmetry accounting for the invariance of controllability with respect to exchanging the densities of any two different types of dynamic units, irrespective of the network topology. The highest controllability arises at the global symmetry point, at which different types of dynamic units are of the same density. The lowest controllability occurs when all self-loops are either completely absent or present with identical weights. These findings further improve our understanding of network controllability and have implications for devising the optimal control of complex networked systems in a wide range of fields.
Energetics and Structural Characterization of the large-scale Functional Motion of Adenylate Kinase
Authors: Formoso Elena , Limongelli Vittorio , Parrinello Michele 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAdenylate Kinase (AK) is a signal transducing protein that regulates cellular energy homeostasis balancing between different conformations. An alteration of its activity can lead to severe pathologies such as heart failure, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. A comprehensive elucidation of the large-scale conformational motions that rule the functional mechanism of this enzyme is of great value to guide rationally the development of new medications. Here using a metadynamics-based computational protocol we elucidate the thermodynamics and structural properties underlying the AK functional transitions. The free energy estimation of the conformational motions of the enzyme allows characterizing the sequence of events that regulate its action. We reveal the atomistic details of the most relevant enzyme states, identifying residues such as Arg119 and Lys13, which play a key role during the conformational transitions and represent druggable spots to design enzyme inhibitors. Our study offers tools that open new areas of investigation on large-scale motion in proteins.
The miR-199a/Brm/EGR1 axis is a determinant of anchorage-independent growth in epithelial tumor cell lines
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Sakurai Kouhei , Hiramatsu Hiroaki , Inada Ken-ichi , Shiogama Kazuya , Nakamura Shinya , Suemasa Fumiko , Kobayashi Kyosuke , Imoto Seiya , Haraguchi Takeshi , Ito Hiroaki , Ishizaka Aya , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Iba Hideo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn epithelial cells, miRNA-199a-5p/-3p and Brm, a catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex were previously shown to form a double-negative feedback loop through EGR1, by which human cancer cell lines tend to fall into either of the steady states, types 1 [miR-199a(−)/Brm(+)/EGR1(−)] and 2 [miR-199a(+)/Brm (−)/EGR1(+)]. We show here, that type 2 cells, unlike type 1, failed to form colonies in soft agar and that CD44, MET, CAV1 and CAV2 (miR-199a targets), all of which function as plasma membrane sensors and can co-localize in caveolae, are expressed specifically in type 1 cells. Single knockdown of any of them suppressed anchorage-independent growth of type 1 cells, indicating that the miR-199a/Brm/EGR1 axis is a determinant of anchorage-independent growth. Importantly, two coherent feedforward loops are integrated into this axis, supporting the robustness of type 1-specific gene expression and exemplifying how the miRNA-target gene relationship can be stably sustained in a variety of epithelial tumors.
Dispersion management of anisotropic metamirror for super-octave bandwidth polarization conversion
Authors: Guo Yinghui , Wang Yanqin , Pu Mingbo , Zhao Zeyu , Wu Xiaoyu , Ma Xiaoliang , Wang Changtao , Yan Lianshan , Luo Xiangang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDispersion engineering of metamaterials is critical yet not fully released in applications where broadband and multispectral responses are desirable. Here we propose a strategy to circumvent the bandwidth limitation of metamaterials by implementing two-dimensional dispersion engineering in the meta-atoms. Lorentzian resonances are exploited as building blocks in both dimensions of the dedicatedly designed meta-atoms to construct the expected dispersion. We validated this strategy by designing and fabricating an anisotropic metamirror, which can accomplish achromatic polarization transformation in 4-octave bandwidth (two times of previous broadband converters). This work not only paves the way for broadband metamaterials design but also inspire potential applications of dispersion management in nano-photonics.
Superoscillations without Sidebands: Power-Efficient Sub-Diffraction Imaging with Propagating Waves
Authors: Wong Alex M. H. , Eleftheriades George V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA superoscillation wave is a special superposition of propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves which varies with sub-diffraction resolution inside a fixed region. This special property allows superoscillation waves to carry sub-diffraction details of an object into the far-field and makes it an attractive candidate technology for super-resolution devices. However, the Shannon limit seemingly requires that superoscillations must exist alongside high-energy sidebands, which can impede its widespread application. In this work we show that, contrary to prior understanding, one can selectively synthesize a portion of a superoscillation wave and thereby remove its high-energy region. Moreover, we show that by removing the high-energy region of a superoscillation wave-based imaging device, one can increase its power efficiency by two orders of magnitude. We describe the concept behind this development, elucidate conditions under which this phenomenon occurs, then report fullwave simulations which demonstrate the successful, power-efficient generation of sub-wavelength focal spots from propagating waves.
An ESCRT module is required for neuron pruning
Authors: Loncle Nicolas , Agromayor Monica , Martin-Serrano Juan , Williams Darren W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNeural circuits are refined by both functional and structural changes. Structural remodeling by large-scale pruning occurs where relatively long neuronal branches are cut away from their parent neuron and removed by local degeneration. Until now, the molecular mechanisms executing such branch severing events have remained poorly understood. Here, we reveal a role for the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery during neuronal remodeling. Our data show that a specific ESCRT pruning module, including members of the ESCRT-I and ESCRT-III complexes, but not ESCRT-0 or ESCRT-II, are required for the neurite scission event during pruning. Furthermore we show that this ESCRT module requires a direct, in vivo, interaction between Shrub/CHMP4B and the accessory protein Myopic/HD-PTP.
The serum protein fetuin-B is involved in the development of acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Jung Seung Hyo , Won Kyung-Jong , Lee Kang Pa , Kim Hyun-Joong , Seo Eun-Hye , Lee Hwan Myung , Park Eun Seok , Lee Seung Hyun , Kim Bokyung 
Published: February 2015

The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque is one of the main causes of coronary artery thrombotic occlusion, leading to myocardial infarction. However, the exact mechanism and causal risk factors for plaque rupture remain unclear. To identify a potential molecule that can influence atherosclerotic plaque rupture, we investigated protein expression in serum from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stable angina (SA), using proteomic analysis. The expression of six proteins, including fibrinogen, fetuin-B, keratin 9, proapolipoprotein and fibrinogen, were altered in serum from patients with AMI compared with serum from those with SA. Of these, fetuin-B, proapolipoprotein, fibrinogen γ-B-chain precursors and fibrinogen expression were greater in serum from patients with AMI than from patients with SA. Increased fetuin-B expression in serum from AMI patients was also confirmed by Western blot analysis. Treatment with recombinant human fetuin-B increased the migration in monocytes and macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Fetuin-B also affected vascular plaque-stabilizing factors, including lipid deposition and cytokine production in macrophages, the activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in monocytes, and the activation of apoptosis and MMP-2 in vascular smooth muscle cells. Moreover, in vivo administration of fetuin-B decreased the collagen accumulation and smooth muscle cell content and showed an increased number of macrophages in the vascular plaque. From these results, we suggest that fetuin-B may act as a modulator in the development of AMI. This study may provide a therapeutic advantage for patients at high risk of AMI.
Metrical Encoding in Adults Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Coalson Geoffrey A. , Byrd Courtney T. 
Published: February 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore metrical aspects of phonological encoding (i.e., stress and syllable boundary assignment) in adults who do and do not stutter (AWS and AWNS, respectively).MethodParticipants monitored nonwords for target sounds during silent phoneme monitoring tasks across two distinct experiments. For Experiment 1, the 22 participants (11 AWNS, 11 AWS) silently monitored target phonemes in nonwords with initial stress. For Experiment 2, an additional cohort of 22 participants (11 AWNS, 11 AWS) silently monitored phonemes in nonwords with noninitial stress.ResultsIn Experiment 1, AWNS and AWS silently monitored target phonemes in initial stress stimuli with similar speed and accuracy. In Experiment 2, AWS demonstrated a within-group effect that was not present for AWNS. They required additional time when monitoring phonemes immediately following syllable boundary assignment in stimuli with noninitial stress. There was also a between-groups effect, with AWS exhibiting significantly greater errors identifying phonemes in nonwords with noninitial stress than AWNS.ConclusionsFindings suggest metrical properties may affect the time course of phonological encoding in AWS in a manner distinct from AWNS. Specifically, in the absence of initial stress, metrical encoding of the syllable boundary may delay speech planning in AWS and contribute to breakdowns in fluent speech production.
Interleaved resonant converter with the balanced flying capacitors
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chen Jeng‐Yu 
Published: February 2015

This study presents a new DC/DC converter for high input voltage and high load current applications. To adopt low voltage rating power devices in high voltage applications, two split capacitors with four active switches are used in the primary side to reduce the voltage stress of power switches at Vin/2. Two flying capacitances are used to automatically balance two split capacitor voltages in every switching cycle. The proposed converter includes two resonant circuits to share the load current and to reduce the current stress of passive components. If the switching frequency is less than the series resonant frequency, power switches can be turned on under zero‐voltage switching and rectifier diodes can be turned off under zero current switching. Therefore the switching losses on power semiconductors are reduced. The interleaved pulse‐width modulation is adopted to further reduce the ripple current at output side. Thus, the output filter inductances can be reduced. Finally, experiments with a 1.2 kW prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Model companion of ordered theories with an automorphism
Authors: Laskowski Michael , Pal Koushik 
Published: February 2015

Kikyo and Shelah showed that if

T
T

is a theory with the Strict Order Property in some first-order language

L

\mathcal {L}

, then in the expanded language

L

σ

:=

L

∪
{
σ
}

\mathcal {L}_\sigma := \mathcal {L}\cup \{\sigma \}

with a new unary function symbol

σ
\sigma

, the bigger theory

T
σ

:=
T
∪
{
“
σ

is an

L

-automorphism

}

T_\sigma := T\cup \{“\sigma \mbox { is an } \mathcal {L}\mbox {-automorphism}\}

does not have a model companion. We show in this paper that if, however, we restrict the automorphism and consider the theory

T
σ

T_\sigma

as the base theory

T
T

together with a “restricted” class of automorphisms, then

T
σ

T_\sigma

can have a model companion in

L

σ

\mathcal {L}_\sigma

. We show this in the context of linear orders and ordered abelian groups.
Motivators and Barriers to Reducing Sedentary Behavior Among Overweight and Obese Older Adults
Authors: Greenwood-Hickman Mikael Anne , Renz Anne , Rosenberg Dori E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurpose of the Study:To explore individual, social, environmental, and program-related motivators, barriers, and impacts of sedentary behavior (SB) reduction among a group of overweight and obese older adults aged 60 and older.Design and Methods:Semistructured interviews were conducted with 24 participants following a SB reduction intervention. Transcripts from these interviews were iteratively coded by a team, and key themes were defined and refined guided by the social–ecological framework.Results:Motivators included the desire to improve health, newly acquired awareness of SB, the ease of incorporating SB reduction into current lifestyle, an adaptable environment, and the use of reminders. Barriers included existing health conditions, enjoyment of sedentary activities, unadaptable environments, fatigue, and difficulty understanding SB reduction as distinct from physical activity (PA). Participants reported impacts on physical and mental health and changes in awareness, exercise, and daily activity.Implications:Although in many ways motivators and barriers to reducing SB are similar to those of PA, SB interventions have special considerations and may ultimately be easier for some individuals to incorporate into their lifestyle.
First Report of Root Rot and Crown Necrosis Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum on Phaseolus vulgaris in Oman
Authors: Al-Mahmooli I. H. , Al-Fahdi A. R. , Al-Sadi A. M. , Deadman M. L. 
Published: February 2015

In March 2013, 90% of mature bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Kendo) grown on a commercial farm in the north of Oman (Barka) developed symptoms of root rot and necrotic streaks on the crown area of the stem and wilted. A Pythium spp. was isolated consistently from roots and basal stems on 2.5% potato dextrose agar (PDA) and V8 (100% vegetable juice) plus 1.5% agar technical. Colonies of Pythium spp. on PDA and V8 plus agar developed abundant aerial mycelia, with the main hyphae being up to 10 μm wide. Zoosporangia were made up of terminal complexes of swollen hyphal branches of different lengths and up to 22 μm wide. Oogonia were terminal, globose, and smooth with a 26-μm diameter (average of 20). Antheridia were mostly intercalary, sometimes terminal, and broadly sac-shaped, 15 μm long and 11 μm wide (average of 20). Oospores were aplerotic, 23 μm in diameter (average of 24), with walls 1 to 2 μm thick at 25°C (ambient temperature). The internal transcribed spacer of the ribosomal DNA (ITS1 and ITS4) sequence of the isolates matched the sequence of Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. in GenBank. The sequence of isolate Py1 was deposited in GenBank as Accession No. KM102739. This isolate was identified as P. aphanidermatum on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics (1) and the ITS rDNA sequence. The ITS was found to share 100% nucleotide similarity to previously published sequences of the ITS (KJ755088). To fulfill Koch's postulate, a 5-mm plug of 5-day-old mycelium of isolate Py1 grown on 2.5% PDA was used to inoculate healthy seedlings of beans cv. Kendo. The plug was placed adjacent to the bean stem; PDA served as a control. Five replicate plants were used for the treatment and the control. The plants were maintained in a glasshouse at a temperature of 23 to 25°C. The plants were watered every day. The irrigation water had an electrical conductivity value of 0.2 dSm−1. Eleven days after inoculation, 90% of the plants developed root rot, crown necrosis, and wilt symptoms similar to those observed in the field. On the other hand, control plants did not show any symptoms. The pathogen was re-isolated from roots and basal stems of symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aphanidermatum as the causal agent of root and crown necrosis of mature bean plants in Oman. Future studies should focus on evaluating management options for this disease to avoid possible losses in a crop that has a high export value in Oman. Reference: (1) Y. Serrano et al. Plant Dis. 92:174, 2008.
Evaluation of the Modern Luque Trolley Construct for the Treatment of Early-onset Scoliosis Using a Gliding Implant in an Immature Animal Model
Authors: Ouellet Jean A. , Ferland Catherine E. , Klein Karina , Racloz Guillaume , Klein Karina , Richter Henning , Steffen Thomas , von Rechenberg Brigitte 
Published: February 2015

Study Design:
This was an experimental animal study.

Objective:
To determine biological compatibility, stability, and growth potential of the Trolley Gliding Vehicle (TGV) used in a novel surgical technique for guided spinal growth.

Summary of Background Data:
Current treatments for early-onset scoliosis maintaining spinal growth consist of posteriorly based spinal constructs requiring repetitive lengthening. Such interventions have a high rate of complications. Using a muscle-sparing technique, a modified dual-growing rods construct, and new sliding spinal anchors, we aimed to test a modern Luque Trolley construct in an immature animal model.

Materials and Methods:
Six matched pairs of 3-month-old lambs were randomized to an observation or a surgical group and were followed for 9 months. The surgical group was subjected to implantation of a modern Luque Trolley construct with the new TGV inserted using a minimally invasive transmuscular technique capturing the spine and the 2 overlapping rods on either side. Physical examinations and imaging were performed at routine intervals, with a subsequent necropsy.

Results:
The spines of the study group grew 96% between the instrumented segments compared with the control group without evidence of implant failure. In total, 42% of the fixed anchors (pedicle screws) and 13.90% of the TGV were loose. All 6 animals had some heterotrophic bone formation tracking along the rods (<20%) mainly originating from the distal anchor point. We identified 19 unplanned spontaneous facet arthrodesis out of the 132 mobile facets found between the fixed proximal and distal anchors. An additional 10 facets spontaneously fused proximal to the most proximal instrumented implants.

Conclusions:
Implantation of a modern Luque construct with TGV allows for spinal growth in a nonscoliotic animal model. Implant loosening was likely mechanical as no signs of reactive inflammatory reaction were found. Reduction of heterotrophic ossification and spontaneous facet arthrodesis remains a challenge in the management of immature spine.
A Nucleus-Encoded Chloroplast Protein Regulated by Iron Availability Governs Expression of the Photosystem I Subunit PsaA inChlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Lefebvre-Legendre Linnka , Choquet Yves , Kuras Richard , Loubéry Sylvain , Douchi Damien , Goldschmidt-Clermont Michel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe biogenesis of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain in the thylakoid membranes requires the concerted expression of genes in the chloroplast and the nucleus. Chloroplast gene expression is subjected to anterograde control by a battery of nucleus-encoded proteins that are imported in the chloroplast, where they mostly intervene at posttranscriptional steps. Using a new genetic screen, we identify a nuclear mutant that is required for expression of the PsaA subunit of photosystem I (PSI) in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This mutant is affected in the stability and translation of psaA messenger RNA. The corresponding gene, TRANSLATION OF psaA1 (TAA1), encodes a large protein with two domains that are thought to mediate RNA binding: an array of octatricopeptide repeats (OPR) and an RNA-binding domain abundant in apicomplexans (RAP) domain. We show that as expected for its function, TAA1 is localized in the chloroplast. It was previously shown that when mixotrophic cultures of C. reinhardtii (which use both photosynthesis and mitochondrial respiration for growth) are shifted to conditions of iron limitation, there is a strong decrease in the accumulation of PSI and that this is rapidly reversed when iron is resupplied. Under these conditions, TAA1 protein is also down-regulated through a posttranscriptional mechanism and rapidly reaccumulates when iron is restored. These observations reveal a concerted regulation of PSI and of TAA1 in response to iron availability.