bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language matters: towards an understanding of silence and humour in medical education
Authors: Lingard Lorelei 
Published: December 2012

Objectives  This paper considers the state of the science regarding language matters in medical education, with particular attention to two informal language practices: silence and humour. Silence and humour pervade clinical training settings, although we rarely attend explicitly to them.Methods  This paper considers the treatment of these topics in our field to date and introduces a selection of the scholarship on silence and humour from other fields, including philosophy, sociology, anthropology, linguistics and rhetoric. Particular attention is paid to distilling the theoretical and methodological possibilities for an elaborated research agenda around silence and humour in medical education.Results  These two language practices assume a variety of forms and serve a range of social functions. Episodes of silence and humour are intimately tied to their relational and institutional contexts. Power often figures centrally, although not predictably.Conclusions  A rich theoretical and methodological basis exists on which to elaborate a research agenda around silence and humour in medical education. Such research promises to reveal more fully the contributions of silence and humour to socialisation in clinical training settings.
Indeterminate domain 10regulates ammonium‐mediated gene expression in rice roots
Authors: Xuan Yuan Hu , Priatama Ryza A. , Huang Jin , Je Byoung Il , Liu Jing Miao , Park Soon Ju , Piao Hai Long , Son Dae Young , Lee Jeung Joo , Park Sung Han , Jung Ki Hong , Kim Tae Ho , Han Chang‐deok 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIndeterminate domain(IDD) genes are a family of plant transcriptional regulators that function in the control of development and metabolism during growth. Here, the function ofOryza sativa indeterminate domain 10(OsIDD10) has been explored in rice plants. Compared with wild‐type roots,idd10mutant roots are hypersensitive to exogenous ammonium. This work aims to define the action ofIDD10on gene expression involved in ammonium uptake and nitrogen (N) metabolism.The ammonium induction of key ammonium uptake and assimilation genes was examined in the roots ofidd10mutants andIDD10overexpressors. Molecular studies and transcriptome analysis were performed to identify target genes andIDD10bindingcis‐elements.IDD10activates the transcription ofAMT1;2andGDH2by binding to acis‐element motif present in the promoter region ofAMT1;2and in the fifth intron ofGDH2.IDD10contributes significantly to the induction of several genes involved inN‐linked metabolic and cellular responses, including genes encoding glutamine synthetase 2, nitrite reductases and trehalose‐6‐phosphate synthase. Furthermore, the possibility thatIDD10might influence the N‐mediated feedback regulation of target genes was examined.This study demonstrates thatIDD10is involved in regulatory circuits that determine N‐mediated gene expression in plant roots.
Sub‐ and neo‐functionalization of APETALA3 paralogs have contributed to the evolution of novel floral organ identity in Aquilegia (columbine, Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Sharma Bharti , Kramer Elena 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Previous studies of the lower eudicot model Aquilegia have revealed differential expression patterns of two APETALA3 (AP3) paralogs that appear to coincide with the development of a distinct fifth floral organ type, the staminodium. The AqAP3‐1 locus quickly becomes limited to the staminodia while AqAP3‐2 becomes stamen‐specific.

We used transient RNAi‐based methods to silence each of these loci individually and in combination, followed by detailed studies of the resultant morphologies and the effects on gene expression patterns.

Silencing of AqAP3‐1 had a strong effect on the staminodia, causing transformation into carpeloid organs, while silencing of AqAP3‐2 only affected the stamens, resulting in sterility, stunting or weak transformation towards carpel identity. Much more dramatic phenotypes were obtained in the doubly silenced flowers, where all stamens and staminodia were transformed into carpels. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses of B gene homolog expression in these flowers are consistent with complex patterns of regulatory feedback among the loci.

These findings suggest that the presence of ancient AP3 paralogs in the Ranunculaceae has facilitated the recent evolution of a novel organ identity program in Aquilegia. Specifically, it appears that downregulation of AqAP3‐2 in the innermost whorl of stamens was a critical step in the evolution of elaborated sterile organs in this position.
GmRIN4 protein family members function nonredundantly in soybean race‐specific resistance against Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Selote Devarshi , Robin Guillaume P. , Kachroo Aardra 
Published: December 2012

Summary

The Pseudomonas syringae effector AvrB interacts with four related soybean (Glycine max) proteins (GmRIN4a–d), three (GmRIN4b, c, d) of which also interact with the cognate resistance (R) protein, Rpg1‐b. Here, we investigated the specific requirements for the GmRIN4 proteins in R‐mediated resistance and examined the mechanism of Rpg1‐b activation.

Using virus‐induced gene silencing, we show that only GmRIN4a and b are required for Rpg1‐b‐mediated resistance. In planta binding assays show that GmRIN4a can associate with Rpg1‐b indirectly via GmRIN4b. Pathogen‐delivered AvrB induces the phosphorylation of GmRIN4b alone, and prevents interactions between GmRIN4b and Rpg1‐b or GmRIN4a.

Consistent with this result, a phosphomimic derivative of GmRIN4b (pm4b) fails to bind Rpg1‐b and GmRIN4a. Conversely, a phosphodeficient derivative of GmRIN4b (pd4b) continues to bind the R protein and GmRIN4a, in the presence of AvrB. Coexpression of Rpg1‐b with pm4b, but not GmRIN4b or pd4b, induces cell death and ion leakage in the heterologous Nicotiana benthamiana.

Our data suggest that the AvrB‐induced phosphorylation of GmRIN4b, and the subsequent inhibition of interaction among GmRIN4b, GmRIN4a and Rpg1‐b, might activate the R protein. Furthermore, even though GmRIN4c and d are not required for Rpg1‐b‐derived resistance, they do function in resistance derived from other R loci.
SlNAC1, a stress‐related transcription factor, is fine‐tuned on both the transcriptional and the post‐translational level
Authors: Huang Weizao , Miao Min , Kud Joanna , Niu Xiangli , Ouyang Bo , Zhang Junhong , Ye Zhibiao , Kuhl Joseph C. , Liu Yongsheng , Xiao Fangming 
Published: December 2012

Summary

The plant‐specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, CUC2) transcription factors play significant roles in diverse physiological processes. In this study, we determined the regulation of a stress‐related tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) NAC1 (SlNAC1) transcription factor at both the transcriptional and the post‐translational level.

The SlNAC1 protein was found to be stable in the presence of proteasome‐specific inhibitor MG132 or MG115 and ubiquitinated in plant cells, suggesting that the SlNAC1 is subject to the ubiquitin–proteasome system‐mediated degradation. Deletion analysis identified a short segment of 10 amino acids (aa261–270) that was required for ubiquitin–proteasome system‐mediated degradation, among which two leucine residues (L268 and L269) were critical for the protein instability of SlNAC1. Fusion of the degron (SlNAC1191–270) containing these 10 amino acids to green fluorescent protein was found to be sufficient to trigger the degradation of the fusion protein.

In addition, the SlNAC1 gene is strongly upregulated during Pseudomonas infection, while repression of the NAC1 ortholog in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in enhanced susceptibility to Pseudomonas bacteria.

These results suggest that rapid upregulation of the NAC1 gene resulting in more protein production is likely one of the strategies plants use to defend themselves against pathogen infection.
Impact of the politics of austerity in the quality of healthcare: ethical advice
Authors: Molina‐Mula Jesús , De Pedro‐Gómez Joan E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article aims to provide a series of reflections before implementing a restructuring of health system management and cutbacks in health due to the possible consequences this may have on citizens' health. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that public healthcare shall be extended to the whole population in conditions of effective equality and overcoming geographical and social imbalances, based on a comprehensive approach to the healthcare system. All of this – while we are aware of the current situation of economic crisis – should be taken into account before carrying out adjustments that will harm the health of citizens and options or alternatives that will not affect equity and healthcare should be weighed up. In conclusion, management models that enable the empowerment of nursing are more justified than ever before, because it is nurses who mostly defend positions of patient advocacy towards attitudes of greater commitment and participation.
PANIC in the Presence of Uncertainty about the Deterministic Trend*
Authors: Westerlund Joakim , Blomquist Johan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMost macroeconomic and financial panel variables are trending. However, because of the well‐known power problem in the presence of incidental trends, many researchers gamble that their unit root test regressions can be ran without such trends, thereby running the risk of obtaining spurious results. This article takes one of the most general and popular panel unit root tests, known as PANIC, and shows how it can be modified to account for the uncertainty regarding the deterministic trend.
Periodontal inflammation in renal transplant recipients receiving Everolimus or Tacrolimus – preliminary results
Authors: Pereira‐Lopes O , Sampaio‐Maia B , Sampaio S , Vieira‐Marques P , Monteiro‐da‐Silva F , Braga AC , Felino A , Pestana M 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo compare oral health status between renal transplant recipients (RTRs) receiving tacrolimus (Tac) or everolimus (ERL) as immunosuppressive therapy.DesignThis study is a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThirty‐six RTRs receiving Tac and 22 RTRs receiving ERL were included in the study. Age, gender, time since transplant and pharmacological data were recorded for both groups. Oral health status was assessed through the evaluation of teeth, periodontal parameters as well as saliva flow rate and pH.ResultsRTRs receiving ERL were older than those receiving Tac. No differences were found between groups concerning oral hygiene habits, oral symptoms, smoking habits, unstimulated and stimulated saliva flow rate and pH, clinical attachment level or the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth. However, RTRs receiving ERL presented lower visible plaque index and lower values for bleeding on probing when compared to RTRs receiving Tac. In addition, RTRs receiving ERL presented a gingival index varying from normal to moderate inflammation whereas RTRs receiving Tac presented a gingival index varying from mild to severe inflammation.ConclusionsRTRs receiving ERL have lower periodontal inflammation when compared to RTRs receiving Tac.
Impact of dynamic sedimentation on facies heterogeneities in Lower Cretaceous peritidal deposits of central east Oman
Authors: Sena Claire M. , John Cédric M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study, based in the Haushi‐Huqf area of central east Oman, aims to characterize the controls on facies distribution and geometries of some of the best preserved examples of Lower Cretaceous tidal flat facies within the Tethyan epeiric platform. Field, petrographic and geochemical data were acquired from the Barremian–Aptian Jurf and Qishn formations that crop out in a 500 × 1000 m2 butte, thus allowing for pseudo three‐dimensional quantitative data acquisition of the dimensions and spatial distributions of discontinuity surfaces and sedimentary bodies. The interpretation presented here suggests that the main processes impacting sedimentation in the Lower Cretaceous peritidal environment of the Haushi‐Huqf were transport and erosion processes related to storm waves and currents. The vertical evolution of the carbonate system is organized into six types of metre‐scale depositional sequences, from subtidal dominated sequences to supratidal‐capped sequences, which are bounded by regional discontinuity surfaces. At subaerial exposure and submarine erosion surfaces associated with a base level shift, sedimentary horizons along the entire depositional profile are cut by scours possibly created by storm events. Chemostratigraphy allows correlation between the Haushi‐Huqf and the age‐equivalent sections logged in the interior of the platform in Oman. The correlation suggests that the change from subtidal to intertidal depositional sequences during the late highstand is coeval with the development of rudist dominated shoals on the shelf. This study is the first to discuss the controls on Lower Cretaceous peritidal carbonate cyclicity of the Arabian epeiric platform. The results presented here also offer a unique quantitative dataset of the distribution and dimensions of peritidal carbonate shoals and storm scours in a regional sequence stratigraphic context.
Formation of garnet clusters during polyphase metamorphism
Authors: Floess David , Baumgartner Lukas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPre‐Alpine garnets of Variscan age from metapelitic basement units in Northern Italy were strongly retrogressed at near‐surface conditions prior to Alpine contact metamorphism. The replacement by sheet silicates caused a significant volume increase during retrogression, producing pervasive fracturing. Up to several hundreds of angular fragments formed from each crystal. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis documents a maximum misorientation of ~22° of some fragments as a result of local rotation during fracturing. New garnet growth is observed on the garnet fragments during contact metamorphic overprinting, resulting in garnet clusters. Fragments can be identified due to calcium‐rich domains. Fragment orientations were inherited, and only minor new nucleation occurred. These garnets develop features typically associated with multiple nucleation models, but here they reflect multiple metamorphic events. We propose that clusters can be indicative of multiple metamorphic events, which were separated by a period of intense retrograde alteration.
Acute kidney injury after myeloablative cord blood transplantation in adults: the efficacy of strict monitoring of vancomycin serum trough concentrations
Authors: Mae H. , Ooi J. , Takahashi S. , Kato S. , Kawakita T. , Ebihara Y. , Tsuji K. , Nagamura F. , Echizen H. , Tojo A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common medical complication after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We have previously performed a retrospective analysis of AKI after cord blood transplantation (CBT) in adults, and found that the maximum of vancomycin (VCM) trough levels were significantly higher in patients with AKI. Following these results, we have monitored VCM serum trough concentrations more strictly, to not exceed 10.0 mg/L, since 2008.MethodsIn this report, we performed an analysis of AKI in a new group of 38 adult patients with hematological malignancies treated with unrelated CBT after myeloablative conditioning between January 2008 and July 2011.ResultsCumulative incidence of AKI at day 100 after CBT was 34% (95% confidence interval 19–50). The median of the maximum value of VCM trough was 8.8 (4.5–12.2) mg/L. In multivariate analysis, no factor was associated with the incidence of AKI. No transplant‐related mortality was observed. The probability of disease‐free survival at 2 years was 83%.ConclusionThese findings suggest that strict monitoring of VCM serum trough concentrations has a beneficial effect on outcomes of CBT.
Wage Effects of Labour Migration with International Capital Mobility
Authors: Ruist Joakim , Bigsten Arne 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWage effects of immigration are investigated in a setting with international capital mobility, which eliminates two‐thirds of the native wage effects of immigration. Without international capital mobility, overall gains from migration in the immigration region are only a small fraction of total losses to native workers, but with perfect international capital adjustment, overall gains are larger than total losses to native workers. Two alternative tax policies to eliminate the negative wage effects of immigration on low‐skilled native workers are evaluated.
Sri Lanka’s Trade Policy: Reverting to Dirigisme?
Authors: Athukorala Prema‐chandra 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe paper surveys recent development in Sri Lankan trade policy, with an emphasis on emerging protectionist tendencies, using Sri Lanka’s Trade Policy Review (2010) by the World Trade Organisation as a reference point. The Sri Lankan experience for over the three decades following the liberalisation reforms stated in 1977 has clearly demonstrated that an outward‐oriented policy regime can yield a superior development outcome compared to a closed‐economy regime, even under severe strains of a protracted ethnic conflict and macroeconomic instability. Viewed against this backdrop, recent developments in the Sri Lankan policy scene do not seem to augur well for the future of the Sri Lankan economy.
Septic pericarditis in a cat with pyometra
Authors: Majoy Sean B. , Sharp Claire R. , Dickinson Amy E. , Cunningham Suzanne M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a unique cause of septic pericarditis in a cat and detail the successful case management strategy.Case summaryA 6‐year‐old sexually intact femaleRagdoll cat was evaluated for a 7‐day history of progressive lethargy, anorexia, and vaginal discharge. Thoracic radiographs revealed a markedly globoid cardiac silhouette and pleural effusion while the initial echocardiogram showed moderate volume pericardial effusion. Following pericardiocentesis, cytologic evaluation of the pericardial effusion revealed septic suppurative inflammation with intra‐ and extracellularGram‐negative rod‐shaped bacteria. Abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a moderate amount of echogenic uterine fluid accumulation with a right‐sided uterine horn mass. After stabilization with pericardiocentesis, IV fluid therapy and IV antimicrobials, the cat underwent ovariohysterectomy and partial pericardiectomy. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of pyometra and septic pericarditis. Uterine and pericardial fluid bacterial culture yieldedEscherichia coliwith identical antimicrobial sensitivity spectrums.New or unique information providedSeptic pericarditis is a rare cause of pericardial effusion in the cat. Previous reported cases have either suggested the cause to be secondary to transient bacteremia resulting from a local infection seeding the pericardium or for the cause to remain unknown. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first veterinary report of septic pericarditis resulting from hematogeneously spread bacteria originating from a urogenital infection. It is also the first report of successful surgical management of septic pericarditis in the cat.
Surveillance of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Beijing, China, from 2008 to 2012
Authors: Zhao Fei , Liu Gang , Wu Jiang , Cao Bin , Tao Xiaoxia , He Lihua , Meng Fanliang , Zhu Liang , Lv Min , Yin Yudong , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Macrolide resistance rates of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
in the Beijing population were as high as 68.9%, 90.0%, 98.4%, 95.4%, and 97.0% in the years 2008 to 2012, respectively. Common macrolide-resistant mobile genetic elements were not detected with any isolate. These macrolide-resistant isolates came from multiple clones rather than the same clone. No massive aggregation of a particular clone was found in a specific period.
Kinetics of 1,2-Dichloroethane and 1,2-Dibromoethane Biodegradation in Anaerobic Enrichment Cultures
Authors: Yu Rong , Peethambaram Hari S. , Falta Ronald W. , Verce Matthew F. , Henderson James K. , Bagwell Christopher E. , Brigmon Robin L. , Freedman David L. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) and 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide [EDB]) contaminate groundwater at many hazardous waste sites. The objectives of this study were to measure yields, maximum specific growth rates (μ̂), and half-saturation coefficients (

K
S

) in enrichment cultures that use 1,2-DCA and EDB as terminal electron acceptors and lactate as the electron donor and to evaluate if the presence of EDB has an effect on the kinetics of 1,2-DCA dehalogenation and vice versa. Biodegradation was evaluated at the high concentrations found at some industrial sites (>10 mg/liter) and at lower concentrations found at former leaded-gasoline sites (1.9 to 3.7 mg/liter). At higher concentrations, the
Dehalococcoides
yield was 1 order of magnitude higher when bacteria were grown with 1,2-DCA than when they were grown with EDB, while μ̂'s were similar for the two compounds, ranging from 0.19 to 0.52 day
−1
with 1,2-DCA to 0.28 to 0.36 day
−1
for EDB.

K
S

was larger for 1,2-DCA (15 to 25 mg/liter) than for EDB (1.8 to 3.7 mg/liter). In treatments that received both compounds, EDB was always consumed first and adversely impacted the kinetics of 1,2-DCA utilization. Furthermore, 1,2-DCA dechlorination was interrupted by the addition of EDB at a concentration 100 times lower than that of the remaining 1,2-DCA; use of 1,2-DCA did not resume until the EDB level decreased close to its maximum contaminant level (MCL). In lower-concentration experiments, the preferential consumption of EDB over 1,2-DCA was confirmed; both compounds were eventually dehalogenated to their respective MCLs (5 μg/liter for 1,2-DCA, 0.05 μg/liter for EDB). The enrichment culture grown with 1,2-DCA has the advantage of a more rapid transition to 1,2-DCA after EDB is consumed.
Gene Expression Analysis of Copper Tolerance and Wood Decay in the Brown Rot Fungus Fibroporia radiculosa
Authors: Tang Juliet D. , Parker Leslie A. , Perkins Andy D. , Sonstegard Tad S. , Schroeder Steven G. , Nicholas Darrel D. , Diehl Susan V. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTHigh-throughput transcriptomics was used to identifyFibroporia radiculosagenes that were differentially regulated during colonization of wood treated with a copper-based preservative. The transcriptome was profiled at two time points while the fungus was growing on wood treated with micronized copper quat (MCQ). A total of 917 transcripts were differentially expressed. Fifty-eight of these genes were more highly expressed when the MCQ was protecting the wood from strength loss and had putative functions related to oxalate production/degradation, laccase activity, quinone biosynthesis, pectin degradation, ATP production, cytochrome P450 activity, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. Sixty-one genes were more highly expressed when the MCQ lost its effectiveness (>50% strength loss) and had functions related to oxalate degradation; cytochrome P450 activity; H2O2production and degradation; degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin; hexose transport; membrane glycerophospholipid metabolism; and cell wall chemistry. Ten of these differentially regulated genes were quantified by reverse transcriptase PCR for a more in-depth study (4 time points on wood with or without MCQ treatment). Our results showed that MCQ induced higher than normal levels of expression for four genes (putative annotations for isocitrate lyase, glyoxylate dehydrogenase, laccase, and oxalate decarboxylase 1), while four other genes (putative annotations for oxalate decarboxylase 2, aryl alcohol oxidase, glycoside hydrolase 5, and glycoside hydrolase 10) were repressed. The significance of these results is that we have identified several genes that appear to be coregulated, with putative functions related to copper tolerance and/or wood decay.