bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accursed, Superior Men: Ethno-Religious Minorities and Politics in the Medieval Mediterranean
Authors: Catlos Brian A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOne of the most salient features of the medieval Mediterranean is that it was a zone of intense interaction and long-term cohabitation of members of various ethno-religious communities whose relations are usually conceived of as fundamentally adversarial. Yet Christians, Muslims, and Jews lived amongst each other in both the Christian- and Muslim-ruled Mediterranean, even during the era of the crusades. Typically, such relationships have been presented as either fundamentally hostile, or cordial, and as related to the “tolerance” that host cultures were inclined to demonstrate as a consequence of their own religious orientation. This paper takes a different, phenomenological approach by focusing on a specific manifestation of this interaction: the emergence of out-group political elites in confessionally defined societies. Through the medium of three case studies—a powerful Jew in Islamic Spain, a powerful Muslim in Norman Sicily and a powerful Coptic Christian in Fatimid Egypt—I demonstrate that the status of minority elites was related to concrete political circumstances grounded in the particular environment of the region, and that, despite cultural differences that might have distinguished them, these societies developed near-identical strategies for engaging with minority elites. The language of religious polemic, exclusion, and marginalization was present, but it tended to serve as apost factumrationalization for repression rather than its cause, and tended to be deployed decisively only in certain circumstances. This provides new insights not only into Muslim-Christian-Jewish relations, but the fundamental nature of Mediterranean history and society.
Scytalidium dimidiatumassociated invasive fungal sinusitis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Hariri A , Choudhury N , Saleh H A 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground:Scytalidium dimidiatumis a soil and plant pathogen that frequently affects fruit trees, but can also cause human infection. There are only two reported cases of invasive fungal sinusitis involving this rare micro-organism.Objective:This paper reports the first case of invasive fungal sinusitis caused byScytalidium dimidiatumoccurring in a young immunocompetent patient from a non-endemic region, and discusses potential sources of exposure and relevance of local factors.Method:Case report.Results:The patient was treated successfully with a combination of functional endoscopic sinus surgery, and antifungal and corticosteroid treatment.Conclusion:This paper describes the first reported case of invasive fungal sinusitis secondary toScytalidium dimidiatumin a young immunocompetent patient from a non-endemic region. Importance is placed on following a systematic process of investigation and management, and adhering to well-defined basic surgical principles.
The British Government, Ernest Shackleton, and the rescue of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
Authors: Dudeney J.R. , Sheail J. , Walton D.W.H. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe remarkable rescue of Shackleton's men from Elephant Island, after the sinking ofEndurance, and from Ross Island, has been recounted many times by both participants and historians. There has been little critical examination of the part played by governments, nor assessment of some of Shackleton's own actions. In this paper we explore more fully from official British archival sources the extent to which the British Government was prepared to underwrite the rescue efforts; the importance of the plea made by Emily Shackleton directly to the Prime Minister; the role and actions of the Relief Advisory Committee (especially in respect of limiting Shackleton's actions); the significance of the media rights to the debt-laden expedition, and how such preoccupation could have influenced Shackleton's endeavour to rescue his marooned parties.
The domestic goat as a potential seed disperser ofMimosa luisana(Leguminosae, Mimosoideae) in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico
Authors: Giordani Luca , Baraza Elena , Camargo-Ricalde Sara Lucía , Moe Stein R. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract:Mimosa luisanais functionally important in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, Mexico, since it is able to create favourable microsites for the establishment of other plant species. The endozoochory ofM. luisanaseeds by goats was evaluated in terms of excrement deposition pattern, seed survival and germination. The excrement deposition pattern was evaluated by collecting pellets in four plots of 25 × 2 m randomly placed in a grazing area and recording the microhabitat where pellets were found. Seed survival and germination were evaluated by feeding the goats with seeds and collecting dung pellets at 8-h intervals for 80 h. Seeds from goat pellets (treatment) and seeds collected from pods (control) were placed in a germination chamber for 24 d. Goats mainly depositedM. luisanaseeds in viable sites (open areas) for growth.Mimosa luisanaseeds survived the goat digestive treatment (5.91% ± 2.86%) and most of them (67% ± 25.9%) were recovered 8–32 h after ingestion. Goat gut treatment increasedM. luisanafinal germination (47.5% ingested, 5.83% control) and shortened initial and mean time of germination. Our results indicate that goats may be an efficient disperser ofM. luisanaseeds.
Mobility-aware balanced scheduling algorithm in mobile Grid based on mobile agent
Authors: Lee Jonghyuk , Choi Sungjin , Suh Taeweon , Yu Heonchang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe emerging Grid is extending the scope of resources to mobile devices and sensors that are connected through loosely connected networks. Nowadays, the number of mobile device users is increasing dramatically and the mobile devices provide various capabilities such as location awareness that are not normally incorporated in fixed Grid resources. Nevertheless, mobile devices exhibit inferior characteristics such as poor performance, limited battery life, and unreliable communication, compared with fixed Grid resources. Especially, the intermittent disconnection from network owing to users’ movements adversely affects performance, and this characteristic makes it inefficient and troublesome to adopt the synchronous message delivery in mobile Grid. This paper presents a mobile Grid system architecture based on mobile agents that support the location management and the asynchronous message delivery in a multi-domain proxy environment. We propose a novel balanced scheduling algorithm that takes users’ mobility into account in scheduling. We analyzed users mobility patterns to quantitatively measure the resource availability, which is classified into three types: full availability, partial availability, and unavailability. We also propose an adaptive load-balancing technique by classifying mobile devices into nine groups depending on availability and by utilizing adaptability based on the multi-level feedback queue to handle the job type change. The experimental results show that our scheduling algorithm provides a superior performance in terms of execution times to the one without considering mobility and adaptive load-balancing.
QoS-based active dropping mechanism for NGN video streaming optimization
Authors: Chen Chi-Yuan , Wu Tin-Yu , Lee Wei-Tsong , Chao Han-Chieh , Chiang Jen-Chun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVideo streaming over mobile wireless networks is getting popular in recent years. High video quality relies on large bandwidth provisioning, however, it decreases the number of supported users in wireless networks. Thus, effective bandwidth utilization becomes a crucial issue in wireless network as the bandwidth resource in wireless environment is precious and limited. The NGN quality of service mechanisms should be designed to reduce the impact of traffic burstiness on buffer management. For this reason, we propose an active dropping mechanism to deal with the effective bandwidth utilization in this paper. We use scalable video coding extension of H.264/AVC standard to provide different video quality for users of different levels. In the proposed dropping mechanism, when the network loading exceeds the threshold, the dropping mechanism starts to drop data of the enhancement layers for users of low service level. The dropping probability alters according to the change in network loading. With the dropping mechanism, the base station increases the system capability and users are able to obtain better service quality when the system is under heavy loading. We also design several methods to adjust the threshold value dynamically. By using the proposed mechanism, better quality can be provided when the network is in congestion.
Evaluation of Brainstem Involvement in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Skorić Magdalena Krbot , Adamec Ivan , Mađarić Vesna Nesek , Habek Mario 
Published: October 2014

Background/Aims:The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum method to detect brainstem lesions in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).Methods:72 patients with the diagnosis of relapsing-remitting MS were prospectively included. Brainstem functional system score (BSFS) (part of the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) evaluating brainstem symptomatology) was calculated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 1.5T and T1, T2, PD and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences were analyzed for presence of brainstem lesions. Auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP and cVEMP) were performed according to the standardized protocol.Results:From 72 patients, 18 (25%) had clinical involvement of the brainstem. MRI showed brainstem involvement in 29 (40%) patients. Of the neurophysiological tests, AEP showed pathological result in 16 (22%) patients, oVEMP in 36 (50%) patients, cVEMP in 18 (25%) patients, and VEMP (combination of oVEMP and cVEMP) in 45 (63%) patients. VEMP detected brainstem lesions in higher percentage than clinical examination, MRI and AEP, which was statistically significant (< 0.0001, 0.012 and < 0.0001, respectively).Conclusions:Results of the present study have shown that VEMPs are the optimal method to detect brainstem lesions in multiple sclerosis and that they detect them significantly better than clinical examination, AEP or MRI.
The journey of the frail older adult with heart failure: implications for management and health care systems
Authors: Heckman George A , Tannenbaum Cara , Costa Andrew P , Harkness Karen , McKelvie Robert S 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe heart failure epidemic predominantly affects older people, particularly those with concurrent co-morbid conditions and geriatric syndromes. Mortality and heath service utilization associated with heart failure are significant, and extend beyond the costs associated with acute care utilization. Over time, older people with heart failure experience a journey characterized by gradual functional decline, accelerated by unpredictable disease exacerbations, requiring greater support to remain in the community, and often ultimately leading to institutionalization. In this narrative review, we posit that the rate of functional decline and associated health care resource utilization can be attenuated by optimizing the management of heart failure and associated co-morbidities. However, to realize this objective, the manner in which care is delivered to frail older people with heart failure must be restructured, from the bedside to the level of the health care system, in order to optimally anticipate, diagnose and manage co-morbidities.
Struggling for Feelings: The Politics of Emotions in the Radical New Left in West Germany,c.1968–84
Authors: HÄBERLEN JOACHIM C. , SMITH JAKE P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe article discusses emotional politics in the radical left in West Germany from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. The first part analyses radical left-wing critiques of capitalism during the 1970s that focused on the emotions that capitalism allegedly produced. The article argues that activists described an ‘emotional regime’ of capitalism, but in doing so effectively instituted an emotional regime within their own milieu which made the expression of certain negative feelings, such as fear, imperative. The article then discusses emotional practices radical left-wingers developed in order to overcome the alleged ‘emotional void’ of capitalism. The article's second part then focuses on the urban revolts of 1980–81 (mostly in Berlin). This revolt marked a decisive shift, as the centrality of fear, frustration and boredom was increasingly overshadowed by feelings of joy and ecstatic possibility. The article concludes by proposing that the alternative left contributed to the formulation of new emotional styles and norms in West German society at large.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Ultrastructure
Authors: Gillies Allison R. , Bushong Eric A. , Deerinck Thomas J. , Ellisman Mark H. , Lieber Richard L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) supports muscle’s passive mechanical function and provides a unique environment for extracellular tissues such as nerves, blood vessels, and a cadre of mononuclear cells. Within muscle ECM, collagen is thought to be the primary load-bearing protein, yet its structure and organization with respect to muscle fibers, tendon, and mononuclear cells is unknown. Detailed examination of extracellular collagen morphology requires high-resolution electron microscopy performed over relatively long distances because multinucleated muscle cells are very long and extend from several millimeters to several centimeters. Unfortunately, there is no tool currently available for high resolution ECM analysis that extends over such distances relevant to muscle fibers. Serial block face scanning electron microscopy is reported here to examine skeletal muscle ECM ultrastructure over hundreds of microns. Ruthenium red staining was implemented to enhance contrast and utilization of variable pressure imaging reduced electron charging artifacts, allowing continuous imaging over a large ECM volume. This approach revealed previously unappreciated perimysial collagen structures that were reconstructed via both manual and semi-automated segmentation methods. Perimysial collagen structures in the ECM may provide a target for clinical therapies aimed at reducing skeletal muscle fibrosis and stiffness.
Professional training in the context of food and nutrition security
Authors: Vieira Viviane L. , Cervato-Mancuso Ana M. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundPrimary care is an important area in which to confront situations of food and nutrition insecurity. To undertake action in this area, well-prepared professionals are necessary. Courses of health training are not yet, however, equipped to offer the necessary preparation.AimTo analyse the topics taught in nutrition graduation courses related to the abilities and competencies demanded by professional work in this area.MethodsThe curricula of the nutrition courses offered in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil were analysed. Nutritionists and teachers were interviewed. The triangulation of the data obtained was undertaken by means of a qualitative approach taking the theory of social representations as the frame of reference.ResultsThe concepts necessary to act within the context of food and nutrition security are related to a humanistic approach, the unity of theory and practice, the nutritionist’s role as educator, teamwork and reflection on public health.
Genes: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Slack Jonathan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
What are genes? What do they say about us? Genes: A Very Short Introduction explores the concept of the gene and looks at the discovery, nature, and role of genes in both evolution and development. Explaining the nature of genetic variation in the human population, how hereditary factors were identified as molecules of DNA, and how certain specific mutations can lead to disease, it highlights how DNA variants are used to trace human ancestry and migration, and can also be used by forensic scientists to identify individuals in crime. It also explores issues such as genetic heritability and IQ.
Commemorating 100 years since Hjort's 1914 treatise on fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe: where we have been, where we are, and where we are going
Authors: Browman Howard I. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The year 2014 marks the 100th anniversary of Johan Hjort's seminal treatise, Fluctuations in the great fisheries of northern Europe, viewed in the light of biological research. This special issue of the ICES Journal of Marine Science commemorates this anniversary. The thirty-two articles that appear herein demonstrate the deep influence that Johan Hjort's work has had, and continues to have, on fisheries and marine science.
Transient Silencing of CHALCONE SYNTHASE during Fruit Ripening Modifies Tomato Epidermal Cells and Cuticle Properties
Authors: España Laura , Heredia-Guerrero José A. , Reina-Pinto José J. , Fernández-Muñoz Rafael , Heredia Antonio , Domínguez Eva 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening is accompanied by an increase in CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) activity and flavonoid biosynthesis. Flavonoids accumulate in the cuticle, giving its characteristic orange color that contributes to the eventual red color of the ripe fruit. Using virus-induced gene silencing in fruits, we have down-regulated the expression of SlCHS during ripening and compared the cuticles derived from silenced and nonsilenced regions. Silenced regions showed a pink color due to the lack of flavonoids incorporated to the cuticle. This change in color was accompanied by several other changes in the cuticle and epidermis. The epidermal cells displayed a decreased tangential cell width; a decrease in the amount of cuticle and its main components, cutin and polysaccharides, was also observed. Flavonoids dramatically altered the cuticle biomechanical properties by stiffening the elastic and viscoelastic phase and by reducing the ability of the cuticle to deform. There seemed to be a negative relation between SlCHS expression and wax accumulation during ripening that could be related to the decreased cuticle permeability to water observed in the regions silencing SlCHS. A reduction in the overall number of ester linkages present in the cutin matrix was also dependent on the presence of flavonoids.
Reflections on interdisciplinary accounting research: the state of the art of intellectual capital
Authors: Dumay John 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to offer reflections and critique not only on the current state of the art for intellectual capital research (ICR) from an interdisciplinary accounting research (IAR) perspective, but also its future directions.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper offers a critical reflection based on the author's observations as an IC researcher, reviewer and editor. The author also supports the arguments with some evidence from the research about IC research.

Findings
– The author argues that most ICR is falling short of achieving “the most advanced level of knowledge and technology” of the art because it inherits flaws from prior research, thus threatening its legitimacy and impact.

Research limitations/implications
– The author argues that researchers need to go back to the methodological drawing board when designing IAR so future research can achieve its full potential. To do so researchers also need their research to be transformational to engender change, and to be transdisciplinary, which encompasses research beyond the current boundaries of accounting and management.

Originality/value
– The author identifies and introduces three research shortcuts that prevent ICR projects from being state of the art being copycat, Furphy and technophobic research which provide insights into why not all ICR research is not “state of the art”.
Enhancing the position estimates of unmanned aerial vehicles by cooperation
Authors: Hlavacs Helmut 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to find methods to enhance position estimates for mobile terminals by cooperating with each other.

Design/methodology/approach
– The main methods used are, on the one hand, mathematical modelling of the system, drone mobility, communication and positioning errors, and on the other hand, detailed discrete event simulation, which the author uses to evaluate the positioning errors. In the simulation runs, important parameters like signal speed, terminal velocity, area size and error correlation were varied. The author details the influence of these parameters on the theoretically possible error enhancement with respect to the traditional non-cooperative method.

Findings
– Simulation results show that using cooperation is useful and can indeed significantly enhance the accuracy of position estimates, even in difficult situations. However, there are limits and the accuracy cannot always be enhanced.

Research limitations/implications
– Future research might use more sophisticated processing methods to further enhance position estimates. Limitations are given by the use of discrete time models in an inherently continuous system. Discretization errors are, however, kept low by using small time steps.

Practical implications
– It has been shown that the positioning of drone swarms can be significantly enhanced once drones cooperate with each other. This might improve maneuverability of drones in all situations where drone swarms are used.

Originality/value
– It has been proven by using simulation that cooperative positioning can yield positioning enhancements, even in difficult situations, when using wireless communication. In this light, future research can come up with practical implementations of such a cooperative approach.
Energy, economic, and environmental performance of commercial water heating systems
Authors: Ming To Wai , Kit Hung Hon , Leung Chung Wai 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the energy, economic and environmental performance of commercial water heating systems in Hong Kong special administrative region (SAR), China.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research team contacted 50 facilities managers in Hong Kong, and 16 of them agreed to participate in this territorial-wide survey. The overall efficiency of different water heating systems was determined through measurements of inlet water temperatures, outlet steam/water properties, the amount of steam/water produced and the amount of energy consumed. The cost effectiveness and the amount of greenhouse gases produced per megajoule (MJ) output were also determined.

Findings
– Results show that electric water heating systems had the highest mean overall efficiency, followed by gas- and oil-fired systems. However, the difference between the mean overall efficiency of the three types of water heating systems was not statistically significant, as the systems had been inspected and maintained regularly. Oil-fired systems were found to be the most cost-effective when taking fuel prices into consideration. Environmental analysis showed that gas-fired systems produced the least amount of greenhouse gases per MJ output.

Originality/value
– Water heating is one of the major uses of energy in buildings. Hence, the efficiency of a water heating system can have a significant effect on the overall performance of a building. This paper not only provides insight on the energy performance but it also evaluates the economic and environmental performance of water heating systems.